bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full‐dose challenge of moderate, severe, and unknown beta‐lactam allergies in the emergency department
Authors: Anderson Adam M. , Coallier Stephanie , Mitchell Reid E. , Dumkow Lisa E. , Wolf Lauren M.
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aims to assess the outcome of challenging documented moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergies with full dose administration of a beta‐lactam antibiotic in emergency department (ED) patients admitted for acute bacterial infection.

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective, descriptive study of adult patients challenged with a full dose of beta‐lactam in the ED from January 2021 to December 2022 was conducted. Included patients had at least one documented moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergy in the electronic medical record (EMR) without documentation of prior tolerance. Patient demographics, prior beta‐lactam antibiotic reaction, beta‐lactam administered in the ED, inpatient beta‐lactam continuation, adverse drug reactions, and updates to allergy profiles were collected. Descriptive statistics for data analysis were performed using SPSS Version 22.

Results

Of the 184 ED encounters with full‐dose beta‐lactam challenges, five (2.7%) patients with documented moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergies experienced an allergic reaction after the challenge; one (0.5%) patient had an allergic reaction in the ED, and the remaining four (2.2%) occurred after admission. No anaphylactic reactions occurred. All allergic reactions were limited to mild rash or itching. Most patients (98.9%) were challenged with a cephalosporin. A beta‐lactam was continued in 86.4% of cases, and the allergy profile was updated for future utilization in 73.4% of patients.

Conclusions

This study suggests that full‐dose challenge of moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergies can be safely accomplished in the ED. This approach avoids unnecessary penicillin allergy skin testing and reduces utilization of suboptimal alternative antibiotic regimens.
Confucian culture and cost stickiness
Authors: Pan Ailing , Wang Hui , Xu Lei
Published: March 2024

Cultural features may exert significant impact on firm behaviour. Through a sample of listed A‐share firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, we find that Confucian culture may significantly lower firms' cost stickiness. Our mechanism tests suggest that ideologies of self‐discipline and prudence embedded in Confucian culture may mitigate agency issues as well as overestimation of firm earnings. Furthermore, such impact is more pronounced among firms of lower shareholding by institutional investors or of weak internal control, which suggests that Confucian culture may help rectify the imperfection of corporate governance. Lower cost stickiness may also reduce firm risk.
Modelling the amount of inputs needed for methamphetamine manufacture in Afghanistan
Authors: Pardo Bryce , Nobajas Ganau Alexandre , Zeiler Irmgard
Published: March 2024

Background and aims

The use and manufacture of methamphetamine has increased in Afghanistan in recent years. Recent research and reports have pointed to the ephedra plant, which grows wildly, as a key source of ephedrine used in the manufacture of methamphetamine. This paper aimed to estimate the relative efficiencies and scale of inputs required to manufacture methamphetamine in Afghanistan.

Methods

Monte Carlo simulations model of the amount of ephedra or cold medications needed to render a pure kilogram of methamphetamine in Afghanistan, accounting for uncertainty in ranges of key parameters informed from the literature and elsewhere. Final estimates were extrapolated to recent seizure totals.

Results

For dried ephedra, the median estimate is 196.8 kg (25th–75th percentiles 119.3–346.6 kg) needed to produce 1 kg of methamphetamine compared with 27.9 kg (25th–75th percentiles 21.9–36.8 kg) for cold medications. Nearly 2.7 t of methamphetamine were seized in Afghanistan in 2021. Assuming a purity range of 50%–90%, some 266–478 t of dried ephedra or 38–68 t of cold medication would need to have been processed.

Conclusion

Simulated estimates show that considerable amounts of either ephedra or cold medication are needed to produce 1 kg of methamphetamine in Afghanistan. This raises questions about the plausibility of ephedra as the dominant source of Afghanistan's methamphetamine.
Detection, characterisation and management of complex root canal configurations in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars: A case series
Authors: Arnold Michael , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly
Published: March 2024

This report presents the detection, characterisation, instrumentation and filling of complex canal configurations in the mesiobuccal (MB) root of maxillary first molars. Three patients were referred for root canal treatment in first maxillary molars. Medical history, age, sex and clinical findings were recorded. Intraoral periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were used for diagnosis and pre‐operative assessment. Using Ahmed et al. (2017) classification system, codes 3MaxM MB3‐5‐4‐2 DB1‐2‐1 P1 (case 1), 3MaxM MB2‐5‐3‐2 DB1 P1 (case 2) and 3MaxM MB1‐4‐2‐1‐2 DB1 P1 (case 3) were identified. Using the dental operating microscope, CBCT (if indicated) and troughing up to 3 mm allowed identification of more than three canals in the MB root of maxillary first molars. The coding system proposed by Ahmed et al. (2017) allows the classification of MB roots with highly complex canal configurations.
Adhesion and sealing of different universal adhesive systems associated with bulk‐fill resins after using endodontic irrigation solutions: An in vitro study
Authors: Omoto Érika Mayumi , Catelan Anderson , Santos Paulo Henrique dos , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Ramos Fernanda de Souza e Silva , Pavani Caio César , Briso André Luiz Fraga , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the interface of universal adhesive (UA) with bulk‐fill resin (BF) and dentin, after endodontic irrigation. The pulp chamber of 96 molars was irrigated with chlorhexidine 2% (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite 5.25% (NaOCl) and restored according to three restorative protocols. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage tests were performed after 24 h of thermocycling. Kruskal Wallis, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon were performed (p < 0.05). Comparing restorative systems, a difference was found only when irrigated with CHX after 24 h. CHX provided higher μTBS than NaOCl after 24 h for two restorative protocols; after thermocycling, NaOCl provided the greatest μTBS than CHX for one group. Decreased μTBS was observed for all restorative systems when CHX was used after thermocycling. NaOCl demonstrated the highest nanoleakage. The composition of UA influenced the immediate adhesion and sealing to BF when CHX was used; ageing has a deteriorating effect on adhesion and sealing for all restorative systems.
Accelerometer‐based sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity from childhood with arterial stiffness and carotid IMT progression: A 13‐year longitudinal study of 1339 children
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O. , Barker Alan R. , Lewandowski Adam J. , Leeson Paul , Tuomainen Tomi‐Pekka
Published: March 2024

Aims

We examined the longitudinal associations of sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) from childhood with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT).

Methods

We studied 1339 children, aged 11 years from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK, followed up for 13 years. Accelerometer‐based ST, LPA, and MVPA were assessed at ages 11, 15, and 24 years clinic visits. cfPWV and cIMT were measured with Vicorder and ultrasound, respectively, at ages 17 and 24 years.

Results

Among 1339 [56.4% female] participants, mean ST increased from ages 11 through 24 years, while mean LPA and MVPA decreased. Persistently high ST tertile from childhood was associated with increased cfPWV progression, effect estimate 0.047 m/s; [(95% CI 0.005 to 0.090); p = 0.030], but not cIMT progression. Persistently high LPA tertile category was associated with decreased cfPWV progression in males −0.022 m/s; [(−0.028 to −0.017); p < 0.001] and females −0.027 m/s; [(−0.044 to −0.010); p < 0.001]. Cumulative LPA exposure decreased the odds of progressively worsening cfPWV [Odds ratio 0.994 (0.994–0.995); p < 0.0001] and cIMT. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was paradoxically associated with increased cfPWV progression in males 0.053 m/s; [(0.030 to 0.077); p < 0.001] and females 0.012 m/s; [(0.002 to 0.022); p = 0.016]. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was inversely associated with cIMT progression in females −0.017 mm; [(−0.026 to −0.009); p < 0.001].

Conclusion

LPA >3 h/day from childhood may attenuate progressively worsening vascular damage associated with increased ST in youth.
Interdisciplinary methodology for the characterisation of archaeological metal grave goods from the Museum of Patagonia by PIXE, DRX, and SEM/EDS
Authors: Schweickardt Josefina M. , Pérez Pablo D. , Morán Mauricio , Villelli Marcia Bianchi , Cantargi Florencia
Published: March 2024

We present a study of a selection of metal ornaments belonging to archaeological funerary goods from Patagonic Indigenous groups. They are part of the ‘Andrés Giai’ Collection, under the guard of the Museum of Patagonia (Nahuel Huapi National Park [PNNH]; National Parks Administration [APN]), Argentina. The absence of contextual information and its current conservation status motivated the design of an interdisciplinary methodology to develop an Integral Conservation Plan that considered the selection of analytical techniques. Here, we implemented complementary nondestructive characterisation techniques such as particle induced X‐ray emission (PIXE), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). We developed a methodology enabling us to characterise each piece with respect to its metallic composition and degradation products, and in certain cases, their manufacturing process. These findings have contributed with essential information for the tailored conservation treatment proposal. Moreover, they provided key information in regard to the reconstruction of contextual data for each piece. In addition, the methodology proposed for the Integral Conservation Plan takes into account an optimisation of the techniques to be used in order to minimise unnecessary handling of goods whilst ensuring an appropriate use of technological and economic resources whilst minimising time on potentially unconclusive measurements and results.
Proteomics landscape and machine learning prediction of long‐term response to splenectomy in primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Sun Ting , Chen Jia , Xu Yuan , Li Yang , Liu Xiaofan , Li Huiyuan , Fu Rongfeng , Liu Wei , Xue Feng , Ju Mankai , Dong Huan , Wang Wentian , Chi Ying , Yang Renchi , Chen Yunfei , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to identify key proteomic analytes correlated with response to splenectomy in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Thirty‐four patients were retrospectively collected in the training cohort and 26 were prospectively enrolled as validation cohort. Bone marrow biopsy samples of all participants were collected prior to the splenectomy. A total of 12 modules of proteins were identified by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) method in the developed cohort. The tan module positively correlated with megakaryocyte counts before splenectomy (r = 0.38, p = 0.027), and time to peak platelet level after splenectomy (r = 0.47, p = 0.005). The blue module significantly correlated with response to splenectomy (r = 0.37, p = 0.0031). KEGG pathways analysis found that the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway was predominantly enriched in the tan module, while ribosomal and spliceosome pathways were enriched in the blue module. Machine learning algorithm identified the optimal combination of biomarkers from the blue module in the training cohort, and importantly, cofilin‐1 (CFL1) was independently confirmed in the validation cohort. The C‐index of CFL1 was >0.7 in both cohorts. Our results highlight the use of bone marrow proteomics analysis for deriving key analytes that predict the response to splenectomy, warranting further exploration of plasma proteomics in this patient population.
Comparison of Systems and Outcomes for Safeguarding Children in Australia and Norway: A Decade of Rapid Change
Authors: Kojan Bente Heggem , Russ Erica , Skrove Gaute , Lonne Bob
Published: March 2024

Using aggregated national data, this paper re‐examines the outcomes of the Australian and Norwegian protective systems during the past decade and compares it to the trends and issues identified in our earlier 2012 study. We outline the context of increased service demand affecting both countries with rapid expansion and reform of their policies and approaches. A convergence has been occurring regarding their focus upon risk and its relationship with family support. However, in Australia, there was an increasing attempt to provide greater support and reduce its rate of investigation of notifications, but there was increasing rates of children in state care, particularly for Indigenous children. In Norway, there is less appetite for risk and consequently far higher rates of investigation, but their propensity for providing a diverse array of family support has been decreasing yet remains far greater than in Australia. Nonetheless, Norway's rate of children in state care is increasing, but not for children under 5 years, whereas Australia is removing far more infant children and having them in care longer, while Norway has far more adolescents in care, particularly in residential care. Within stretched systems, both countries are needing to develop workforce planning and development strategies.
Love on the developing brain: Maternal sensitivity and infants’ neural responses to emotion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Stern Jessica A. , Kelsey Caroline M. , Yancey Heath , Grossmann Tobias
Published: March 2024

Infancy is a sensitive period of development, during which experiences of parental care are particularly important for shaping the developing brain. In a longitudinal study of N = 95 mothers and infants, we examined links between caregiving behavior (maternal sensitivity observed during a mother–infant free‐play) and infants’ neural response to emotion (happy, angry, and fearful faces) at 5 and 7 months of age. Neural activity was assessed using functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), a region involved in cognitive control and emotion regulation. Maternal sensitivity was positively correlated with infants’ neural responses to happy faces in the bilateral dlPFC and was associated with relative increases in such responses from 5 to 7 months. Multilevel analyses revealed caregiving‐related individual differences in infants’ neural responses to happy compared to fearful faces in the bilateral dlPFC, as well as other brain regions. We suggest that variability in dlPFC responses to emotion in the developing brain may be one correlate of early experiences of caregiving, with implications for social‐emotional functioning and self‐regulation.

Research Highlights

Infancy is a sensitive period of brain development, during which experiences with caregivers are especially important.

This study examined links between sensitive maternal care and infants’ neural responses to emotion at 5–7 months of age, using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Experiences of sensitive care were associated with infants’ neural responses to emotion—particularly happy faces—in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Analyzing horizontal integration and market efficiency in platform enterprises: A case study of exchanges
Authors: Liu Min , Anwar Sajid
Published: March 2024

As a platform for the trading of bulk commodities, securities, and futures, exchanges, characterized by platform‐like attributes, provide inexhaustible power for the further development of commodity economy through horizontal integration. This paper examines the international integration landscape of the modern exchanges through the lens of platform economy theory, specifically examining the ramifications of their horizontal integration on market efficiency. Employing the net utility hypothesis within the Hotelling model, we construct a nuanced trader utility model. Through a comparative analysis of platform profit, trader utility, and social welfare, the research discerns the impact of exchanges' horizontal integration. We highlight the intrinsic incentives for such integration within exchanges and put forth pertinent policy recommendations, adding a dimension of practical relevance to the academic discourse. The paper concludes by highlighting the role of government in promoting the efficiency of platform enterprises.
Horizon scanning: Tools to identify emerging threats to plant health in a changing world
Authors: Antoniou A. , Abergel M. , Akrivou A. , Beale T. , Day R. , Fielder H. , Larenaudie M. , MacLeod A. , Rosace M. C. , Sarakatsani E. , Stinziano J. R. , Szyniszewska A. M. , Suffert M. , Tramontini S.
Published: March 2024

In the context of risk analysis, horizon scanning activity is a necessary component of any foresight process. This applies also to the specific context of biological invasions, supported and accelerated by climate change and global trade. Today, various institutions and research centres are equipped with a set of tools and methods for early warning on emerging threats. In the case of plant pests, web signals, trade data, community science data and sentinel plants are important sources of information, then analysed and elaborated through multicriteria approaches. The scope of this paper is to provide an overview of current practices, highlighting strengths and shortcomings, and to inform future research and policy initiatives about opportunities to address global change in this field.
Genetic parentage reveals the (un)natural history of Central Valley hatchery steelhead
Authors: Goetz Laura C. , Nuetzel Hayley , Vendrami David L. J. , Beulke Anne K. , Anderson Eric C. , Garza John Carlos , Pearse Devon E.
Published: March 2024

Populations composed of individuals descended from multiple distinct genetic lineages often feature significant differences in phenotypic frequencies. We considered hatchery production of steelhead, the migratory anadromous form of the salmonid species Oncorhynchus mykiss, and investigated how differences among genetic lineages and environmental variation impacted life history traits. We genotyped 23,670 steelhead returning to the four California Central Valley hatcheries over 9 years from 2011 to 2019, confidently assigning parentage to 13,576 individuals to determine age and date of spawning and rates of iteroparity and repeat spawning within each year. We found steelhead from different genetic lineages showed significant differences in adult life history traits despite inhabiting similar environments. Differences between coastal and Central Valley steelhead lineages contributed to significant differences in age at return, timing of spawning, and rates of iteroparity among programs. In addition, adaptive genomic variation associated with life history development in this species varied among hatchery programs and was associated with the age of steelhead spawners only in the coastal lineage population. Environmental variation likely contributed to variations in phenotypic patterns observed over time, as our study period spanned both a marine heatwave and a serious drought in California. Our results highlight evidence of a strong genetic component underlying known phenotypic differences in life history traits between two steelhead lineages.
Diagnosis, management and long‐term outcome of four cases of carpal flexor retinaculum desmopathy
Authors: Giesecke Anne , Unkrüer Bernadette
Published: March 2024

Four cases of flexor retinaculum desmopathy following an accident during the landing phase of jumping and their outcomes are discussed, and an overview of the subjects is provided. The four horses presented with a sudden onset of severe lameness during landing after jumping, which markedly decreased in the first few days. In all cases, the painful area was not localisable on the first day; however, marked swelling was observed on the second day and in all cases, the injury to the carpal flexor retinaculum was visible on ultrasound. The horses were sound in a straight line at 9 (Case 1), 4 (Case 2) and 2 (Case 3) weeks after the injury. Case 4 was not presented until 8 weeks after the incident. During subsequent examination, Case 4 was found to be sound, although it had not returned to training. The owner reported the lameness ended 4 weeks after the incident. All the horses successfully returned to their former competition levels and did not show any problems related to the carpal flexor retinaculum. However, there were significant differences in the regeneration times among the cases, ranging from 5 to 21 months.
Exploring the imprint of the institutional context on the urban network in China: Comparative analyses between corporate‐based networks with different ownership structures
Authors: Zhang Ze , Tang Zilai
Published: March 2024

While the link between the urban network and institutional context has been well established, there has been less work on the effect of shifting political economy on the mechanism of its intercity flows. In this paper, the investment dataset of Chinese publicly listed firms is used to construct corporate‐based urban networks with different ownership structures. Two straightforward but effective comparative analyses are conducted. The first distinguishes between networks formed by state‐controlled and nonstate‐controlled firms, and the second distinguishes between subnetworks formed by central‐ and local‐state power. By surveying the distinctions from the perspectives of state–market relations and central‐local government relations, we argue that the urban network in China is shaped by the varied forms in which the central government, local governments, and the private sector interact. To gain a more proper knowledge of the geographical patterns, this research recommends further field research into enterprise‐based linkages of multiple ownership.
Role of PAR1 −506 deletion/insertion polymorphism in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Langhans Bettina , Kalthoff Sandra , Zhou Taotao , Weismüller Tobias J. , Lenzen Henrike , Nischalke Hans Dieter , Strassburg Christian P. , Lutz Philipp , Dold Leona
Published: March 2024

Aim

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation of the intra‐ and extrahepatic bile ducts. Pathogenesis of PSC is still enigmatic but is likely to be multifactorial. Recently, we identified an interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)‐dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in CD4+ TH1 and TH17 cells in PSC. The IL‐6/STAT3 pathway was shown to be regulated by protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR1) contributing to inflammation. The role of the PAR1 −506 deletion/insertion (Del/Ins) polymorphism in PSC has not yet been investigated.

Methods

Two hundred eighty four PSC patients (200 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] and 84 without IBD) and 309 healthy controls were genotyped for PAR1 rs11267092 (−506 Del/Ins −13 bp). Results were correlated with clinical characteristics and transplant‐free survival.

Results

The frequency of PAR1 –506 Ins allele carriers (Del/Ins and Ins/Ins) was significantly higher in PSC patients (57.0%) compared to healthy controls (39.8%). Furthermore, carriers of PAR1 −506 Ins allele were more likely to have PSC than noncarriers (odds ratio 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–2.79). Patients with PSC carrying the PAR1 −506 Ins allele showed significantly higher alanine aminotransferase serum levels (p = 0.0357) and a trend toward shorter transplant‐free survival time compared to noncarriers (8.9 ± 6.6 years vs. 10.5 ± 7.1 years; p = 0.076).

Conclusions

Our study shows that PAR1 −506 Ins is significantly more frequent in people with PSC. As PAR1 −506 Ins allele carriers tended to have a shorter transplant‐free survival, PAR1 might play a role in the development and course of PSC.
Relationship between nurses' resilience and quality of professional life
Authors: Gündüz Emine Selda , Yildirim Nezaket , Akatin Yeliz , Gündoğdu Nurcan Akgül
Published: March 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the resilience levels of nurses and qualit of their professional life.

Background

Nurses' resilience level can affect their professional qualityof life. A higher resilience level enables them to manage stress and overcome challanges more effectively leading to enhanced patient care and satisfaction. Coversly, lower resiliance can lead to burnout, negatievly impacting both the nurses' wellbeing and the quality of service delivered to patients.

Introduction

It is crucial to understand the correlation between the professional life quality and resilience of nurses working in difficult conditions.

Methods

This correlational study was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022. A total of 276 nurses were included in the study. Data were collected using the Demographic Data Form consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Professional Quality‐of‐Life Scale, and the Resilience Scale for Adults.

Results

The resilience score was above average, and the professional quality of life was high. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue, which are components of professional quality of life, were moderate, and the burnout level was low. A robust positive correlation was observed between resilience and the professional quality of life. The linear regression model showed that choosing the profession unwillingly, dissatisfaction with the unit in which one works, and the level of psychological resilience are independent factors of professional quality of life.

Conclusion

According to the findings, high psychological resilience increases the quality of professional life. Resilience, choosing nursing willingly, and liking the unit in which one works are determinants of professional quality of life.

Implications for nursing policy

Enhancing the professional quality of life of nurses has important individual, institutional, and social consequences. Enhancing resilience has the potential to elevate the quality of professional life. Hence, it is important to develop national and international policies and models. Additionally, managers bear significant responsibilities in ensuring a positive work environment. Undoubtedly, having nurses work in units they like, feel happy in, and prefer will increase their professional quality of life and make positive contributions to patient care, the institution, and society.
Recent Advances, Approaches and Challenges in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Lim Caryn Myn Li , Komarasamy Thamil Vaani , Adnan Nur Amelia Azreen Binti , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty , Balasubramaniam Vinod R. M. T.
Published: March 2024

Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy. Owing to the ability of influenza viruses to continuously evolve, annual seasonal influenza vaccines are necessary as a prophylaxis. However, current influenza vaccines against seasonal strains have limited effectiveness and require yearly reformulation due to the virus undergoing antigenic drift or shift. Vaccine mismatches are common, conferring suboptimal protection against seasonal outbreaks, and the threat of the next pandemic continues to loom. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) capable of providing broad and durable protection against all influenza virus strains. In the quest to develop a UIV that would obviate the need for annual vaccination and formulation, a multitude of strategies is currently underway. Promising approaches include targeting the highly conserved epitopes of haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M2 extracellular domain (M2e) and internal proteins of the influenza virus. The identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved regions of the viral HA protein, in particular, have provided important insight into novel vaccine designs and platforms. This review discusses universal vaccine approaches presently under development, with an emphasis on those targeting the highly conserved stalk of the HA protein, recent technological advancements used and the future prospects of a UIV in terms of its advantages, developmental obstacles and potential shortcomings.
Inter‐atrial septal balloon dilation to facilitate intracardiac echocardiography guided left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Goyal Sandeep K. , Bhimani Ashish A. , Kella Danesh K. , Tyagi Anahita , Polsani Venkateshwar , Deering Thomas F.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is traditionally performed under general anesthesia with trans‐esophageal echocardiography guidance. Intracardiac echo (ICE)‐guided LAAO closure is increasing in clinical use. The ICE catheter is crossed into LA via interatrial septum (IAS) after the septum is dilated with LAAO delivery sheath. This step can be time‐consuming and requires significant ICE catheter manipulation, which increases the risk of cardiac perforation. Pre‐emptive septal balloon dilation can potentially help with ICE advancement in the LA. We sought to evaluate the effect of pre‐dilation of the IAS with an 8 mm balloon on the ease of crossing the ICE catheter, fluoroscopy time for crossing, and overall procedure time.

Methods

The Piedmont LAAO registry was used to identify consecutive patients who underwent LAAO. The initial 25 patients in whom balloon dilation of the IAS was performed served as the experimental cohort, and the 25 consecutive patients before that in whom balloon dilation was not performed served as controls. In the experimental group, after a trans‐septal puncture, the sheath was retracted to the right atrium with a guidewire still in the LA. An 8 × 40 mm Evercoss™ over the wire balloon was inflated across the IAS. The ICE catheter was then crossed into the LA using the fluoroscopic landmark of the guide wire and the ICE imaging. The sheath was then advanced along the ICE catheter via the transseptal puncture (TSP) and the procedure continued. Follow‐up compputed tomography imaging was obtained at 4–8 weeks.

Results

Each group consisted of 25 patients. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. All procedures were performed successfully under conscious sedation and ICE guidance. There was a significant reduction in the overall procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and time for transseptal puncture to ICE in LA. There was no difference in the size of the acute residual interatrial shunt, as measured via ICE, or the size and presence of iatrogenic ASD at follow‐up.

Conclusion

Balloon dilation of TSP is safe and is associated with increased efficiency in ICE‐guided LAAO procedures.
Integrated dilator‐needle transseptal crossing device in atrial fibrillation cryoballoon ablation procedures
Authors: Benezet‐Mazuecos Juan , Lozano Álvaro , Miracle Ángel , Crosa Julián
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In cryoballoon ablation (CBA) procedures, transseptal access (TSA) is generally achieved using a standard sheath and needle system that is exchanged for the cryoballoon delivery sheath and dilator over a long wire. Sheath exchange has been related with air embolic events. Recently, an integrated dilator‐needle system assembled to the cryoballoon sheath was introduced. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an integrated TSA tool compared with the traditional approach in atrial fibrillation CBA procedures.

Methods

Patients scheduled for CBA procedures were randomized 1:1 to traditional TSA (t‐TSA) or integrated TSA (i‐TSA). TSA time was defined as time from superior vena cava to LA insertion of the cryoballoon delivery sheath, after sheath exchange (t‐TSA) or directly (i‐TSA).

Results

Ninety‐seven patients (76 males, mean age 59 ± 10 years) were randomized, 48 patients underwent t‐TSA, and 49 i‐TSA. Mean TSA time was 5 min 59 s ± 5 min 36 s in the t‐TSA group and 2 min 59 s ± 2 min 14 s in the i‐TSA group (p < .001). Total fluoroscopy time, skin‐to‐skin procedure time, and LA dwell time were respectively 15 ± 6, 69 ± 16, and 44 ± 12 min in the t‐TSA group and 13 ± 6, 65 ± 15, and 43 ± 11 min in the i‐TSA group (p = ns). No clinically significant acute complications related to TSA were noted in both cohorts.

Conclusion

This is the first randomized study comparing both TSA approaches. TSA in CBA procedures using this integrated tool enables a safe and efficient workflow, reducing TSA time and avoiding sheath exchange.
Induced pluripotent stem cell‐based assays recapture multiple properties of human astrocytes
Authors: Nonaka Hideki , Kondo Takayuki , Suga Mika , Yamanaka Ryu , Sagara Yukako , Tsukita Kayoko , Mitsutomi Naoko , Homma Kengo , Saito Ryuta , Miyoshi Fumihiko , Ohzeki Hiromitsu , Okuyama Masahiro , Inoue Haruhisa
Published: March 2024

The majority of the population of glial cells in the central nervous system consists of astrocytes, and impairment of astrocytes causes various disorders. It is useful to assess the multiple astrocytic properties in order to understand their complex roles in the pathophysiology. Although we can differentiate human astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), it remains unknown how we can analyse and reveal the multiple properties of astrocytes in complexed human disease conditions. For this purpose, we tested astrocytic differentiation protocols from feeder‐free iPSCs based on the previous method with some modifications. Then, we set up extra‐ and intracellular assessments of iPSC‐derived astrocytes by testing cytokine release, calcium influx, autophagy induction and migration. The results led us to analytic methods with conditions in which iPSC‐derived astrocytes behave as in vivo. Finally, we applied these methods for modelling an astrocyte‐related disease, Alexander disease. An analytic system using iPSC‐derived astrocytes could be used to recapture complexities in human astrocyte diseases.
NGCN: Drug‐target interaction prediction by integrating information and feature learning from heterogeneous network
Authors: Cao Junyue , Chen Qingfeng , Qiu Junlai , Wang Yiming , Lan Wei , Du Xiaojing , Tan Kai
Published: March 2024

Drug‐target interaction (DTI) prediction is essential for new drug design and development. Constructing heterogeneous network based on diverse information about drugs, proteins and diseases provides new opportunities for DTI prediction. However, the inherent complexity, high dimensionality and noise of such a network prevent us from taking full advantage of these network characteristics. This article proposes a novel method, NGCN, to predict drug‐target interactions from an integrated heterogeneous network, from which to extract relevant biological properties and association information while maintaining the topology information. It focuses on learning the topology representation of drugs and targets to improve the performance of DTI prediction. Unlike traditional methods, it focuses on learning the low‐dimensional topology representation of drugs and targets via graph‐based convolutional neural network. NGCN achieves substantial performance improvements over other state‐of‐the‐art methods, such as a nearly 1.0% increase in AUPR value. Moreover, we verify the robustness of NGCN through benchmark tests, and the experimental results demonstrate it is an extensible framework capable of combining heterogeneous information for DTI prediction.
Understanding formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis in renal interstitium and tubule lumen
Authors: Dong Caitao , Zhou Jiawei , Su Xiaozhe , He Ziqi , Song Qianlin , Song Chao , Ke Hu , Wang Chuan , Liao Wenbiao , Yang Sixing
Published: March 2024

Kidney stone, one of the oldest known diseases, has plagued humans for centuries, consistently imposing a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide due to their high incidence and recurrence rates. Advancements in endoscopy, imaging, genetics, molecular biology and bioinformatics have led to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone formation is a complex, multi‐step and long‐term process involving the transformation of stone‐forming salts from free ions into asymptomatic or symptomatic stones influenced by physical, chemical and biological factors. Among the various types of kidney stones observed in clinical practice, calcareous nephrolithiasis is currently the most common and exhibits the most intricate formation mechanism. Extensive research suggests that calcareous nephrolithiasis primarily originates from interstitial subepithelial calcified plaques and/or calcified blockages in the openings of collecting ducts. These calcified plaques and blockages eventually come into contact with urine in the renal pelvis, serving as a nidus for crystal formation and subsequent stone growth. Both pathways of stone formation share similar mechanisms, such as the drive of abnormal urine composition, involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation, and an imbalance of stone inhibitors and promoters. However, they also possess unique characteristics. Hence, this review aims to provide detailed description and present recent discoveries regarding the formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis from two distinct birthplaces: renal interstitium and tubule lumen.
Catalpol promotes articular cartilage repair by enhancing the recruitment of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wu Congzi , Shi Zhenyu , Ge Qinwen , Xu HuiHui , Wu Zhen , Tong Peijian , Jin Hongting
Published: March 2024

Articular cartilage defect is challenged by insufficient regenerative ability of cartilage. Catalpol (CA), the primary active component of Rehmanniae Radix, could exert protective effects against various diseases. However, the impact of CA on the treatment of articular cartilage injuries is still unclear. In this study, full‐thickness articular cartilage defect was induced in a mouse model via surgery. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with CA for 4 or 8 weeks. According to the results of macroscopic observation, micro‐computed tomography CT (μCT), histological and immunohistochemistry staining, CA treatment could promote mouse cartilage repair, resulting in cartilage regeneration, bone structure improvement and matrix anabolism. Specifically, an increase in the expression of CD90, the marker of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in the cartilage was observed. In addition, we evaluated the migratory and chondrogenic effects of CA on MSCs. Different concentration of CA was added to C3H10 T1/2 cells. The results showed that CA enhanced cell migration and chondrogenesis without affecting proliferation. Collectively, our findings indicate that CA may be effective for the treatment of cartilage defects via stimulation of endogenous MSCs.
Proposal regarding potential causes related to certain complications with dental implants and adjacent natural teeth: Physics applied to prosthodontics
Authors: Goldstein Gary , Goodacre Charles , Brown Marion S. , Tarnow Dennis P.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Complications can and do occur with implants and their restorations with causes having been proposed for some single implant complications but not for others.

Methods

A review of pertinent literature was conducted. A PubMed search of vibration, movement, and dentistry had 175 citations, while stress waves, movement, and dentistry had zero citations as did stress waves, movement. This paper discusses the physics of vibration, elastic and inelastic collision, and stress waves as potentially causative factors related to clinical complications.

Results

Multiple potential causes for interproximal contact loss have been presented, but it has not been fully understood. Likewise, theories have been suggested regarding the intrusion of natural teeth when they are connected to an implant as part of a fixed partial denture as well as intrusion when a tooth is located between adjacent implants, but the process of intrusion, and resultant extrusion, is not fully understood. A third complication with single implants and their crowns is abutment screw loosening with several of the clinical characteristics having been discussed but without determining the underlying process(es).

Conclusions

Interproximal contact loss, natural tooth intrusion, and abutment screw loosening are common complications that occur with implant retained restorations. Occlusion is a significant confounding variable. The hypothesis is that vibration, or possibly stress waves, generated from occlusal impact forces on implant crowns and transmitted to adjacent teeth, are the causative factors in these events. Since occlusion appears to play a role in these complications, it is recommended that occlusal contacts provide centralized stability on implant crowns and not be located on any inclined surfaces that transmit lateral forces that could be transmitted to an adjacent tooth and cause interproximal contact loss or intrusion. The intensity, form, and location of proximal contacts between a natural tooth located between adjacent single implant crowns seem to play a role in the intrusion of the natural tooth. Currently, there is a lack of information about the underlying mechanisms related to these occurrences and research is needed to define any confounding variables.
Evaluation of neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in dogs with structural and idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Fowler Kayla M. , Shinn Richard L. , Rossmeisl John H. , Parker Rell L.
Published: March 2024

Background

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a frequently used biomarker in humans for both diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring purposes in various neurologic diseases.

Hypothesis/Objectives

It was hypothesized that dogs with diagnosed structural epilepsy (SE) would have a significantly higher serum NfL concentrations compared to dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE). The secondary hypothesis was that dogs would have a significantly higher serum NfL concentrations when measured within 7 days after a seizure compared to being seizure‐free for at least 30 days.

Animals

Fifty client‐owned dogs presented to the neurology service for evaluation of seizures were enrolled. Fourteen dogs had SE and 36 dogs had IE.

Methods

Prospective cohort study performed on 52 serum samples obtained for NfL concentration measurement using single molecule array technology.

Results

The median serum concentration of NfL in dogs with SE was significantly higher (109 pg/mL; range, 11.4‐741.3 pg/mL) than in dogs with IE (17.7 pg/mL; range, 5.8‐188 pg/mL; Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = .001). No significant relationship was found between serum NfL concentration and time of sampling in relation to the most recent seizure in dogs with IE.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Serum NfL may serve as an adjunctive biomarker for the differentiation of SE and IE.
‘The non‐dormant beast’: Antisemitism in communities of Russian nationalists on Vkontakte
Authors: Oskolkov Petr , Lissitsa Sabina , Lewin Eyal
Published: March 2024

The article explores the specifics of Russian antisemitic discourse of recent years using the example of three nationalist communities on Vkontakte, the most popular Russian social networking site, by means of critical discourse analysis. The main strategies they employ to frame the Jews online are stereotyping Jews as ungrateful and greedy, labelling the liberal opposition as Jews and using conspiracy narratives of Jews controlling the elites. The war in Ukraine has added nuances: Jews are accused of helping Ukraine, undermining the Russian political system and orchestrating the conflict. A situation of socio‐political turmoil transforms the perceived threat presented by Jews in ‘pro‐regime’ nationalist discourse from symbolic (identitarian) to realistic (economic and political) by providing underpinnings for the traditional fears. For nationalist communities based on the ethnic and racial understanding of a nation, this transformation is less present because they originally perceived Jews as a realistic threat. Though sociologically, Russian antisemitism has been in stable decline offline in recent decades, it is more visible online because of social media's apparent anonymity and content generation affordances.
The impact of preceptorship on the newly qualified nurse and preceptors working in a critical care environment: An integrative literature review
Authors: Lima Mariana Santos , Alzyood Mamdooh
Published: March 2024

Background

Preceptorship has been found to be effective in supporting Newly Qualified Nurses (NQNs) during their transition into challenging environments, particularly in addressing issues related to confidence and anxiety. Effective preceptorship is an element of best practice and essential to support NQNs' transition into the critical care setting. However, the impact of preceptorship on NQNs and their preceptors in critical care units is yet to be completely understood.

Aim

To review the impact of preceptorship on NQNs and preceptors working in a critical care environment.

Study Design

An integrative literature review of the literature. The review employed Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) five‐stage integrative review approach.

Methods

Three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched for papers published between January 2010 and May 2022. The PRISMA framework was used to guide the search and screening. Thematic analysis was used to extract, organize and analyse the data.

Results

Nine studies were included in this review. Reflective thematic analysis revealed three themes, with four related subthemes. Preceptorship has an impact on the development of the NQNs and preceptors' ‘nurturing’ relationship. NQNs develop their knowledge, competence and confidence when experiencing supportive preceptorship. Meanwhile, preceptors experience a combination of increased workload and opportunities for learning and professional development as a result of preceptorship.

Conclusion

There is evidence of the impact of preceptorship on learning and professional development for both NQNs and preceptors, but this is a complex phenomenon and further research is required to understand this area more fully.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

In nursing practice, it is well‐established that Newly Qualified Nurses (NQNs) often face heightened levels of anxiety and a lack of confidence when embarking on their careers, particularly in the demanding and stressful environment of critical care units. This review holds particular significance in the realm of clinical practice as it delves into the pivotal role of preceptorship in nurturing the professional growth and development of NQNs within the challenging domain of critical care. Effective preceptorship, as an essential component of best practice, plays a pivotal role in aiding NQNs' transition into critical care settings.