bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Sensor-based Automated Irrigation in Commercial Floriculture Production: A Case Study
Authors: Wheeler William D. , Thomas Paul , van Iersel Marc , Chappell Matthew
Published: January 2019

A soil moisture sensor-based automated irrigation system was trialed in a commercial floriculture greenhouse to determine what benefits these types of systems may offer to herbaceous ornamental producers. Water use, crop quality and growth, and grower behavior toward adoption of the new technology were monitored, when all decision making related to system operation was carried out by the grower. Two cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia ×pulcherrima) and three cultivars of geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum) were produced in side-by-side trials over the course of 2 years while comparing grower-controlled, sensor-based automated irrigation with traditional grower-managed (timer-based) irrigation. Plant quality was equivalent between irrigation treatments across all five trials. Differences in plant size were noted in four of the five trials between irrigation treatments, but in all instances these differences were not judged by the commercial grower to impact marketability of the crop. No reductions in irrigation water use were noted with the sensor-based irrigation system, which differed from previous research using this technology in ornamental production. Over the course of 2 years, the number of plants produced using sensor-based irrigation control was scaled up, indicating increasing confidence in, and adoption of, the technology. Managers at the facility found that sensor-based irrigation facilitated reallocation of labor from irrigation management, which was especially valuable during peak production and shipping periods. The payback period calculated from labor savings would be roughly 1.5 years if the sensor-based irrigation system was implemented throughout the facility.
Farmer Perceptions of Tunnels for Berry Production: Management and Marketing Implications
Authors: Conner David S. , Demchak Kathleen
Published: January 2019

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) and caneberries (Rubus sp.) are popular crops that can bring revenue to farms and may improve farm profitability. High and low tunnels can bring a number of benefits to growers, including season extension and improved berry yield and quality, as well as management challenges. Few studies in the literature report directly on grower experiences using tunnels. We report the results of interviews of 10 independent growers who use tunnels to produce strawberries and caneberries. The results echo previous studies finding improved yield and quality, and highlight benefits and challenges around pest, weed, and nutrient management. One novel finding is the role of season extension in creating marketing opportunities. Interviewed growers caution of a learning curve and the need to start on a small scale and grow gradually. Future focus for research should include improved ventilation and mechanization.
Efficacy of Excision, Cauterization, and Fungicides for Management of Apple Anthracnose Canker in Maritime Climate
Authors: Garton Whitney J. , Mazzola Mark , Dasgupta Nairanjana , Alexander Travis R. , Miles Carol A.
Published: January 2019

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of canker excision (CE) followed by a subsequent application of cauterization (CAU) and/or fungicide treatment to the excised area for the management of anthracnose canker (caused by Neofabraea malicorticis) on cider apple (Malus ×domestica) trees. Three experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2017, with one experiment each year, in an experimental cider apple orchard in western Washington where trees were naturally infested with N. malicorticis. Treatments were applied once in December and data were collected January through March. Treatments in the 2015 experiment were CE + CAU, CE + CAU + copper hydroxide, CE + 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, Bordeaux mixture (BM) only, and CE + copper hydroxide (control). The 2016 experiment included the same treatments as in 2015 plus one additional treatment, CE + BM. In 2017, one additional treatment was added, CE only, and CAU treatments were removed as they caused significant injury to the trees. Canker size was measured pretreatment, and the treated canker or excised area was measured posttreatment every 2 weeks for 13–15 weeks. Compared with pretreatment, cankers treated with BM did not increase in size, while the excised area treated with CAU increased 28-fold in size on average, and the excised area treated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite or copper hydroxide increased up to 4-fold in size. Each year new cankers developed in all treatments 13–15 weeks after treatment application, at a time of year when there should not be any spores present to cause new infections. Dark brown streaking, indicative of the disease, was observed in the tissue below the intact or excised cankers 15 months after treatment application all years. Although N. malicorticis was not isolated from symptomatic tissue, symptoms were observed in all treatments including where cankers had not been excised and there was no wounding of the cambium tissue. Findings from this study indicate that of the treatments evaluated, the application of copper hydroxide after CE was the most effective for limiting the number of new cankers, but it did not limit expansion of the excised area. Additional physical and fungicidal strategies need to be tested for effective management of anthracnose canker.
Responses of Ornamental Grass and Grasslike Plants to Saline Water Irrigation
Authors: Sun Youping , Palmer Alyssa Lanae
Published: January 2019

Ornamental grasses are popular in urban landscapes in Utah and the Intermountain West United States, one of the driest and fastest growing regions in the United States. This experiment evaluated the responses of five ornamental grass species [blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), indian sea oats (Chasmanthium latifolium), ‘Blue Dune’ sand ryegrass (Leymus arenarius), pink muhly grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris), ‘Foxtrot’ fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides)] and two ornamental grasslike species [fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea), common rush (Juncus effusus)] to saline irrigation water in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated weekly with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m–1 (control) or saline solutions at an EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m–1. At the first harvest (9 weeks after the initiation of treatment), sand ryegrass, pink muhly grass, and fountain grass irrigated with solutions at an EC of 5.0 and 10 dS·m–1 had good visual quality with no or minimal foliar salt damage; however, the remaining species exhibited slight or moderate foliar salt damage. There were no significant differences in shoot dry weight (DW) among treatments within any species, except fox sedge and fountain grass. At the second harvest (18 weeks after the initiation of treatment), sand ryegrass, pink muhly grass, and fountain grass still had no or minimal foliar salt damage, and indian sea oats and fox sedge exhibited slight or moderate foliar salt damage. Compared with the control, all species irrigated with solutions at an EC of 10.0 dS·m–1 had reduced shoot DWs with the exception of blue grama. However, only common rush and pink muhly grass irrigated with solutions at an EC of 5.0 dS·m–1 had lower shoot DWs than the control. These results demonstrated that seven ornamental grass or grasslike species had a very strong tolerance to the salinity levels used in the 4-month experiment. Although plant growth was inhibited as a result of saline irrigation, plant visual quality of sand ryegrass, pink muhly grass, and fountain grass was still acceptable. These three species appear to be more suitable for landscapes in which saline irrigation water is used. Further research is needed to evaluate more ornamental grasses for landscapes in salt-prone areas and nearby coastal regions.
Use of Flaming to Control Weeds in ‘Patriot’ Hybrid Bermudagrass
Authors: Martelloni Luisa , Caturegli Lisa , Frasconi Christian , Gaetani Monica , Grossi Nicola , Magni Simone , Peruzzi Andrea , Pirchio Michel , Raffaelli Michele , Volterrani Marco , Fontanelli Marco
Published: January 2019

Flaming could be an alternative to the use of chemical herbicides for controlling weeds in turfgrass. In fact, the European Union has stipulated that chemical herbicides should be minimized or prohibited in public parks and gardens, sports and recreational areas, school gardens, and children’s playgrounds. The aim of this research was to test different doses of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to find the optimal flaming dose that keeps a ‘Patriot’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis) turf free of weeds during spring green-up, but also avoids damaging the grass. Five LPG doses (0, 29, 48, 71, and 100 kg·ha–1) were applied in a broadcast manner over the turf experimental units using a self-propelled flaming machine. This equipment is commercially available and usable by turfgrass managers. Treatments were applied three times during the spring to allow the maximum removal of weeds from the turfgrass. Data on weed coverage, density, biomass, and turfgrass green-up were collected and analyzed. Results showed that 3 weeks after the last flaming, the greatest LPG doses used (i.e., 71 and 100 kg·ha–1) ensured the least amount of weeds (range, 5–16 weeds/m2) of low weight (range, 7–60 g·m–2) and a low weed cover percentage (range, 1% to 5%), whereas the green turfgrass coverage was high (range, 82% to 94%). At the end of the experiment, the main weed species were horseweed (Conyza canadensis), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), narrow-leaved aster (Aster squamatus), and black medic (Medicago lupulina). Flame weed control is a promising technique to conduct weed control in turfgrass. Further studies could be conducted to investigate the use of flaming in other species of warm-season turfgrasses.
Long-term Productivity of Three Rambutan Cultivars Grown in an Ultisol Soil in Puerto Rico
Authors: Goenaga Ricardo
Published: January 2019

The globalization of the economy, increased ethnic diversity, and a greater demand for healthy and more diverse food production has increased the demand for tropical fruit, including rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). Replicated field trials to evaluate performance of rambutan cultivars have been very limited and as with many other tropical fruit crops, there is a scarcity of information on best management practices and optimal growing conditions for rambutan. The objective of this study was to determine the yield potential of three rambutan cultivars (Jitlee, R-134, R-162) when the age of grafted trees was ≈20 years. The data were compared with that obtained from an early production period when the age of the trees was ≈10 years. This information may help rambutan growers make expansion and/or investment plans. Number of fruit and yield in 2017 were significantly higher in 2017 than in 2016. In 2017, average fruit number and yield of cultivars were 582,774 fruit/ha and 19,528 kg·ha−1, respectively, whereas in 2016 were 394,269 fruit/ha and 13,164 kg·ha−1, respectively. There were no significant differences among cultivars for number of fruit produced, averaging 488,521 fruit/ha. This production is higher than the 5-year average obtained from the 2005–09 harvest period when grafted trees were about 9 years old. The results of this study demonstrate that grafted rambutan trees can remain prolific in mature orchards.
An Online Study Tool for Reviewing Plant Propagation Terms and Concepts
Authors: Wilson Sandra B. , Geneve Robert L. , Davies Fred T.
Published: January 2019

Interactive web-based questions were developed for students to review subject matter learned in an online plant propagation course. Articulate Storyline software was used to build nearly 250 review questions with five different testing styles to ascertain proficiency in subject areas, including the biology of propagation, the propagation environment, seed propagation, vegetative propagation, micropropagation, and cell culture. Questions were arranged to correspond to the supporting textbook chapters in Hartmann and Kester’s Plant propagation: Principles and practices, ninth edition. These are open access and available to instructors and students worldwide. Users received immediate feedback for each question answered correctly or incorrectly. The system remembers where one leaves off, which enables starting and stopping multiple times within a chapter. Means of pre- and posttest responses to nine content knowledge items showed that students perceived a significant content knowledge gain in the course. These online interactive reviews can be adapted easily to other courses in a variety of fields, including horticulture, botany, systematics, and biology. They can also be expanded to overlay multiple objects and trigger events based on user response. Since inception, the website hosting these online reviews averaged 156 unique visitors per month. Students have reported this to be a useful tool to prepare them for course exams.
New Foliar-applied Biofilm Had No Impact on Splitting or Fruit Quality in ‘Elliott’ and ‘Legacy’ Blueberry in Oregon
Authors: Vance Amanda J. , Strik Bernadine C.
Published: January 2019

Fresh market blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) sales require high-quality, firm fruit with no significant defects. A new phospholipid biofilm product was developed to reduce splitting and increase firmness when applied directly to blueberry fruit. Two trials were undertaken to test the effects of the biofilm using various application timings and methods. In highbush blueberry cultivar Elliott (Vaccinium corymbosum), four treatments included: 1) rate and timing on the current product label (5- to 10-mm berry size, 10% to 20% color change, and between the first and second harvests), 2) addition of a preharvest timing (5- to 10-mm berry size, 10% to 20% color change, and 7 to 10 days preharvest); 3) starting applications later (10% to 20% color change, 7 to 10 days preharvest, and between the first and second harvests), and 4) a water-sprayed control. Biofilm was applied at a rate of 2 qt/acre for all applications. In highbush blueberry cultivar Legacy (Vaccinium corymbosum × Vaccinium sp.), the same volume of biofilm was applied via an airblast sprayer or through an overhead sprinkler system typically used for chemigation and compared with a water-sprayed control. Data collected included yield (in ‘Elliott’), berry weight, firmness, skin toughness, total soluble solids (TSS), weight loss during storage, percent splitting (in ‘Legacy’), and a visual rating, evaluated on the day of harvest and about 14 and 28 days postharvest. There were no visual defects caused by application of biofilm. Compared with the controls in either study, biofilm had no consistent impact on fruit quality, firmness, shelf life, yield in ‘Elliott’, or splitting in ‘Legacy’.
The results of use of myoplasty for closure of the pelvic floor defect after extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum
Authors: Domansky N. A. , Semiglazov V. V. , Karachun A. M. , Lebedev K. K. , Samsonov D. V. , Domansky А. A.
Published: January 2019

Background. Extralevator abdominoperineal excision is associated with a high incidence of perineal wound complications. There is no uniform standard for choosing the method for pelvic floor reconstruction after extralevator abdominoperineal excision.

The purpose of the study was to compare the results of extralevator abdominoperineal excisions of the rectum using various methods of perineal wound closure.

Materials and Methods. Between 2014 and 2018, 120 patients underwent extralevator abdominoperineal excisions of the rectum using various options for closure of the pelvic floor. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I patients (n=64) underwent simple plasty of the peritoneal wound. Group II patients (n=43) underwent myoplasty using the gluteus maximus muscle. Group III patients (n=13) underwent myoplasty using the rectus abdominis muscle. The incidence of perineal wound complications in the early postoperative period was assessed.

Results. The total number of perineal wound complications in Group I, II and III was 33 (51.5 %), 13 (30.2 %), and 6 (46.1 %), respectively. Grade IIIA-IIIB complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification were observed in 25 % of Group I patients, in 18.6 % of Group II patients and in 7.7 % of Group II patients. Postoperative perineal wound complications occurred more often in Group I patients after simple plasty than in Group II and III patients after myoplasty (51.5 % versus 30.2 %). However, perineal wound complications were observed more often in Group III than in Group II (46.1 % versus 30.2 %, respectively). No significant differences in the frequency of complications between 3 groups were found.

Conclusion. Using various options for closure of the pelvic floor after extralevator abdominoperineal excisions of the rectum, there was a tendency to reduction in the incidence of grade IIIA-IIIB perineal wound complications.
STUDY OF FAST ELECTRON IRRADIATION EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURE AND SURFACE OF POLYAMIDE/ POLYETHYLENE/ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE FILM MATERIAL USING THE UELR 10-10-40 PLANT
Authors: Tarasyuk V. T. , Strokova N. E. , Sazhnev N. A. , Prokopenko A. V. , Kil’deeva N. R.
Published: January 2019

Radiation effect on the PA/PE/Eva film material with a thickness of 55 μm was investigated at theBurnazyanCenterusing radiation processing plant (RPP) with the UELR‑10–10–40 accelerator at 10 MeV. Polymer films were irradiated with doses of 0 to 18 kGy. The study of IR spectra showed that when processing the PA/PE/Eva film with fast electrons with a dose of up to 18 kGy using the UELR10–10–40 plant with a power of 10 MeV the number of functional -CH3 and -NHgroups in the IR spectra changes to 0.0060 relative units with radiation doses of 12 to 18 kGy, which leads to degradation of the sample and its crosslinking simultaneously. Using confocal laser microscopy, it was demonstrated that after irradiation of PA/PE/Eva sample with doses of 18 kGy, the surface of the film becomes smooth in РА layer and in Eva layer, and a spot thinning of the sample occurs. These characteristics may cause a change in the barrier properties of the film material and affect the shelf life of food in a packaging.
İBNÜRREFİK AHMET NURİ SEKİZİNCİ’NİN HİKÂYELERİNDE KADIN
Authors: TÜRK Emine Bilgehan
Published: January 2019

İbnürrefik Ahmet Nuri Sekizinci, Türk tiyatrosunun ilk emektarlarından biri olarak anılır. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, değişen Osmanlı kültür ve sosyal hayatının tanığı ve gözlemcisi olarak öne çıkardığı tipleri, sosyal olayları devrin ve kullandığı türün imkânları doğrultusunda zaman zaman gelenekle ilişkilendirerek zaman zaman çeviri ve adaptasyonla zaman zaman da modern tiyatro teknikleriyle kaleme alır. Kadın ve kadının dünyası, kadın erkek ilişkileri, değişen sosyal hayatta kadının kendisine yeni rol arayışları onun eserlerinde yadsınamayacak bir yere sahiptir. Sekizincinin sosyal meselelere dair fikirlerini tiyatro metinlerinde, dergiler için kaleme aldığı yazılarda olduğu gibi hikâyelerinde de görmek mümkündür.Bu çalışmada İbnürrefik Ahmet Nuri Sekizinci’nin Latin harflerinin kabulünden önce yayımlanmış dokuz hikâyesi tespit edilerek Latin harflerine aktarımı yapılmış, daha önce Mehmet Rebii Baraz tarafından Latin harflerine aktarılan sekiz hikâyesiyle birlikte kadın teması esas alınarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türk edebiyatında kadının yerine dikkat çekilmiş, yazarın kısa biyografisi verildikten sonra öncelikli olarak hikâyelerde kadın erkek ilişkileri ve davranış şekilleri alt başlıklar etrafında tasnif edilmiştir. Sonrasında hikâye metinlerinin yayınlanmamış olması sebebiyle hikâyeler kendi içinde özetlenerek değerlendirilmiş, öne çıkan başlıklar çerçevesinde kadın, kadının annelik vasfı ve sosyal rollerinin değişen hayata uyum sürecinde ortaya çıkardığı sorunlar tespit edilerek bunların işlenişi karşılaştırmalar yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
CEMAL SÜREYA ŞİİRİNDE İRONİ VE HUMOR’UN KULLANIM AMAÇLARI
Authors: KARADENİZ Mustafa
Published: January 2019

İroni ve humor; şiiri bir dil işi, dilde yangınlar yaratmak sanatı olarak değerlendiren Cemal Süreya’nın temel anlatım stratejilerinden biridir. Süreya, ironiyi şiirdeki düşünce ve çağrışım zenginliğinden kaynaklanan ince bir alay, humoru da zekanın beklenmedik bir şekilde belirdiği incelikle düşünülmüş bir espri olarak tanımlar. Onun poetik yazılarındaki düşüncelerine bakınca bu kavramları üç temel amacı gerçekleştirmek için kullandığı söylenebilir: İlk amaç özgün, yoğun ve çarpıcı bir şiir dili üretebilmek; ikincisi yerleşik toplumsal değerleri eleştirmek; sonuncusu ise özel hayatında ve poetik çabasında yaşanan tıkanma ve bunalım durumlarıyla başa çıkmak. Teorik düzlemde ifade edilen bu amaçların muhtelif şiirler üzerinden şairin hayatının ve şiir estetiğinin bütün katmanlarına sızdığı görülür.Bu çalışma, şiir türünün temel anlatım stratejilerinden biri olan ironi ve humorun Cemal Süreya’daki kullanım amaçlarını ve bu amaçların şiirlerinde ne derece karşılık bulabildiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
TÜRKOLOJİNİN İKİ ÖNEMLİ İSMİ FRANZ TAESCHNER VE FRANZ BABINGER’İN FERİDUN NAFİZ UZLUK’A GÖNDERDİKLERİ MEKTUPLAR
Authors: ÜREKLİ Bayram
Published: January 2019

Bu kısa çalışmada meşhur iki Alman tarihçi ve şarkiyatçı olan Franz Taeschner ve Franz Babinger tarafından Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi hocası Feridun Nafiz Uzluk’a Almanya’nın Münster ve Münih şehirlerinden 1952 ile 1964 yılları arasında yazmış oldukları bazı mektuplar üzerinde durulacaktır. Mektuplardan anlaşıldığına göre bu ilim adamlarının birbirlerini tanıdıkları ve birbirlerinin ilmî çalışmalarını dikkatle takip ettikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Burada kısaca kişiler hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra mektuplar üzerinde durulacak ve ekte de mektupların el yazıları ve daktilo ile yazılmış metinleri verilecektir.
HÜDÂVENDİGÂR VİLÂYETİ’NİN 1914 YILI HUSÛSÎ BÜTÇESİ
Authors: SARIÇELİK Kerim
Published: January 2019

Osmanlı Devleti’nde 26 Mart 1913 tarihinde çıkarılan İdâre-i Umûmiye-i Vilâyât Kanûn-ı Muvakkatı vilâyet yönetimini yeniden düzenledi. Bir taraftan yerel yönetim organlarının yetkileri genişletilirken öte yandan yerinden yönetim ilkesi çerçevesinde vilâyetlerde husûsî idareler teşkil edildi. Husûsî idarenin bir organı olarak meclis-i umûmîler artık yıllık vilâyet bütçelerini belirleyebileceklerdi. Bütçe gereğince toplanacak gelirlerle vilâyet masrafları karşılanacaktı. 1913 yılı itibariyle hazırlanmaya başlanan vilâyet bütçeleri; vilâyetlerin ekonomik durumu, teşkilat yapısı, kurumları, görevlileri hakkında dikkate değer bilgiler sunmaktadır.Hüdavendigar Vilâyeti’nin 1914 yılı husûsî bütçesi 16.728.000 kuruş gelir ve aynı miktar giderden oluşan denk bir bütçe olarak hazırlanmıştı. Merkezi hükümetin vilâyetlere bıraktığı bazı vergi gelirlerinden ayrı olarak Hüdavendigar Vilâyeti’nde çeşitli kalemlerden oluşan gelir kaynakları bulunmaktaydı. Buna karşın memur maaşı, harcırah, kırtasiye, alet edevat alımı, aydınlatma, ısıtma, donatma, tamir, kira ve inşa gibi kurum giderleri, yol ve köprü inşa, tamir ve keşfiyat masrafları gibi yekûn tutan giderler de bütçenin harcama kalemlerini oluşturmaktaydı.
TÜRKELİ’NDE GÜVENLİK VE REFAHIN ARTIRILMASI: KENEŞ-İ DERVİŞAN MODELİ
Authors: OKYAR Onur
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada; Ahmed Yesevi ve temsilcilerini, günümüzün sosyal ve siyasi ihtiyaçları çerçevesinde, uluslararası ilişkiler perspektifiyle yorumlamak ve Türk dünyasında giderek belirginleşen ötekilik ve çatışma/terörizm sorunlarını çözmek için yeni bir model ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezi, elde edilen bulgular eşliğinde, Türk dünyasında mevcut çatışmaların çözümü için yeni bir otantik modele ihtiyaç olduğu varsayımı üzerine bina edilecektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Türk dünyası genelinde ortaya çıkan çatışmaların motivasyon kaynakları ve bu kaynakların din/İslam, demokrasi ve özgürlük kavramlarıyla olan etkileşimleri irdelenmiş, Türk eksenindeki belirli ülkelerin (Türkiye, İran, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Özbekistan, Kırgızistan gibi) Türkeli’nin sorunlarına karşı ortaya koymaya çalıştıkları çözüm çabaları, bu ülkeler arasındaki ilişkilerin sebep ve sonuçları ile yeni dünya düzeninde Türk dünyasının üstlenmesi gereken misyonları tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada sonuç olarak Türk dünyasının içinde bulunduğu demokrasi, refah ve güvenlik eksikliklerinin çözümü maksadıyla Türk dünyası çatısı altında bir Dervişler Heyeti’nin kurulması gerektiği tartışılmıştır.
II. MURAD DÖNEMİ’NDE OSMANLI TARİH YAZICILIĞININ BAŞLAMASINDA TİMURLULARIN ETKİSİ
Authors: İNCE Yunus
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışma Osmanlı tarih yazıcılığının ne zaman ve niçin başladığını ortaya koymak için kaleme alınmıştır. Çalışmanın kaynakları genel olarak El-Evamirü’l-Alâ’iyye fi’l-Umûri’l-Alâ’iyye gibi Anadolu Selçukluları dönemine dair bilgi veren bazı kaynaklar, Şikârî’nin Makrizî’nin ve Tagriberdî’nin eserleri gibi Osmanlılar ile birlikte Karamanoğulları, Timurlular gibi devletler hakkında bilgi veren eserler bulunmaktadır. Yine Tevârih-i Âl-i Selçuk, Aşıkpaşazade Tarihi, Oruç Bey Tarihi, Behcetü’t-Tevârîh gibi erken dönem Osmanlı kronikleri ile Konstantin Konstatinoviç Mihailović’inki gibi bazı hatıratlardan istifade edilmiştir. II. Murad devrinde Osmanlı tarih yazıcılığının başlamasında Osmanlılar ile Timurlular arasında yaşanan mücadelelerin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu anlamda Ankara Savaşı (1402) Osmanlı Devletinin devlet anlayışının şekillenmesi açısından önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Yıldırım Bayezid devrine kadar Osmanlı Devleti Balkanlar’da ve Anadolu’da rakiplerine üstünlük sağlamıştır. Askerî ve siyasî başarılar Osmanlıların geniş bir alanda hâkimiyet kurmasına neden olmuştur. Ancak 1402 yılında Ankara Savaşının kaybedilmesi neticesinde Anadolu topraklarında kurulan birlik dağılmış ve eski beylikler tekrar canlanmıştır. I. Mehmed devrinde elden çıkan toprakların büyük kısmı tekrar elde edilmiştir. Timurlu Hükümdarı Şahruh’un II. Murad’a “nesep” üzerinden yüklenerek, yüksek hâkimiyetini kabul ettirmek istemesi Osmanlı tarih yazımının başlamasında önemli bir etken olmuştur. II. Murad, Yazıcızâde Ali’ye Osmanlı tarihine dair bir eser yazmasını emretmiştir. Yazıcızâde Ali, İbn Bibi’nin El-Evamirü’l-Alâ’iyye fi’l-Umûri’l-Alâ’iyye adlı eserini bazı kısımları değiştirerek, ilaveler yaparak çevirmiştir. II. Murad’a ve Osmanlıların nesebine dair eklenen kısımlarda Âl-i Osman’ın nesep olarak Âl-i Cengiz’den daha yüksek bir mertebede bulunduğuna vurgu yapılmıştır. Şükrullah’ın eserinde devam eden bu anlayış daha sonraki Osmanlı kaynaklarında kendini gösteren ve Osmanlıların soyunu Oğuz Kağan’a ve Hz. Nuh’a kadar eskiye götüren şecerelerde kendisini gösterir.
CEMİL MERİÇ’E GÖRE MİLLİYETÇİLİK VE BİRLİKTE YAŞAM
Authors: KÜÇÜKŞEN Kübra
Published: January 2019

İslâm dünyasını 19. yüzyıldan bu yana etkileyen, Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinin de ideolojik temelini oluşturan bir kavram olarak milliyetçilik, her toplumun kendi özgün koşullarına göre biçimlenen bir düşünce tarzı olmuş, millet kavramına verilen anlama göre de sosyal bilim literatüründe farklı yorumlanmıştır. Kendisini “hayatını Türk irfanına adayan münzevi bir fikir işçisi” olarak tanıtan Cemil Meriç’e göre adeta bir din gibi toplumları etkisine alan milliyetçilik, “dar ve gerici bir şovenizmden, evrenselliğe açık, liberal ve ilerici bir yönelişe kadar, bir çok eğilimi kucaklayan esnek bir mefhum” dur ve günümüzdeki kavgaların da sorumlusudur.Küreselleşme süreciyle birlikte yaşanan iletişim teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişme ile, uluslar arası fiziki sınırlar anlamını yitirmiş, on dokuzuncu yüzyılda zirve yapan milliyetçilik akımlarının toplumlarda gücünü ve etkisini yitireceği beklentilerine yol açmıştı. Her ne kadar küreselleşme teorisyenlerinin öngörülerinin bir kısmı gerçekleşse de milliyetçilik söz konusu olduğunda bu beklentilerin boşa çıktığı, tüm toplumlarda milliyetçiliğin bir üst değer ve erdem olarak kabul edildiği görülmektedir.Bu çalışmada Cemil Meriç’in milliyetçilik ve birlikte yaşam düşüncesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda tefekkür dünyasında, fikri gelişme aşamaları olarak da kabul edilebilecek sosyalizmden milliyetçiliğe, Osmanlıcılıktan İslamcılığa bir seyir izleyen Cemil Meriç’in, milliyetçilik ideolojisi ile ilgili düşünceleri, yayınlanmış eserlerinin tümü ve vefatından sonra Meriç’le ilgili yayınlanmış eserler incelenerek anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Yerel, bölgesel ve küresel düzeyde yaşadığımız kaos ve çatışmada, “Milliyetçilik İdeolojisi”nin rolünün Cemil Meriç perspektifinden analiz edilmesinin, birlikte yaşamın kodlarını keşfetme ve içinde bulunduğumuz süreci daha iyi anlamamıza katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Effect of distillation methods on qualitative characteristics of distillates obtained from dried Jerusalem artichoke
Authors: Крикунова Людмила , Krikunova Ludmila , Дубинина Елена , Dubinina Elena
Published: January 2019

The given article considers the perspectives of using dried Jerusalem artichoke as an alternative raw material in distilled spirits production. The main objective of the research was to determine the effect of distillation methods of fermented wort obtained from dried Jerusalem artichoke on the distillate output and quality. The authors took dried Jerusalem artichoke instead of its fresh tubers for processing as a raw material for alcohol drinks production because it is possible to use it during for the whole year to produce beverages. Besides dried Jerusalem artichoke has stable biochemical composition, high microbiological quality, and higher content of low-molecular fractions of fermented carbohydrates. The study of physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of the fermented wort, crude alcohol and distillate was carried out using standard analytical methods. The authors considered two types of distillation: single and double. During the experiments they used dried Jerusalem artichoke with humidity 6.1% and inulin content equal 54.2%. Fermented wort was obtained by means of single-stage method. Distillation was performed using distillation unit “Kothe Destillationstechnik” (Germany). The authors determined that distillation method has an influence on the distribution of ethanol into fractions and determines its loss. Double distillation leads to higher loss of ethanol. Ethanol loss increased from 3.6% after single distillation up to 5.2% after double distillation. The authors showed that during single distillation of the fermented wort obtained from dried Jerusalem artichoke more volatile components are formed compared to double distillation. In the first case their number increases by 10.0%, in the second case – only by 3.5%. The data on the composition of volatile constituents in the distillates allowed to prove that single distillation has a number of advantages such as the production of liquids rich in valuable volatile constituents and lower methanol content which is considered as the most toxic impurity.
Justification of bioactivated grain triticale use in alcohol production
Authors: Миронцева Анна , Mirontseva Anna , Цед Елена , Tsed Elena , Волкова Светлана , Volkova Svetlana
Published: January 2019

Triticale accounts for the biggest share in gross processing and state procurement of grain in Belarussian production of alcohol. The main difficulty in its processing is the formation of viscous technological fluids due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides in its chemical composition. All measures taken to solve the problem come down to the selection of the efficient enzyme preparations, hydrolyzing grain polymers into low molecular weight compounds, which have the ability to be disposed by the yeast cells and form the ethyl alcohol. But grain own enzymes are not involved. It is possible to solve the problem by means of biological activation, which will activate grain enzyme systems and partially hydrolyze grain polymers into low molecular weight compounds. The article considers general and special technological parameters of six cultivars of triticale selected in the Republic of Belarus: Antos, Kastus, Dubrava, Run, Prometheus, Impulse. The authors determined that the most promising cultivars for bioactivation and food grade ethyl alcohol production are Antos and Dubrava. The authors explored the possibility of using hot soaking of triticale grain for the biological activation. They also showed the advantages of introduction of amaranth green mass in the amount of 8% during hot soaking for the reduction of grain microbiological contamination. They studied the changes in the technological properties of triticale cultivars Antos and Dubrava after the bioactivation with the green mass of amaranth. The authors determined that grain microbiological characteristics improved, the activity of grain enzymes increased, proportion of low molecular weight compounds in the chemical composition increased. They studied the processes taking place during wort and mash production from the bioactivated triticale grain. The authors showed that the processing of bioactivated triticale grain resulted in the production of wort with higher concentration of dry matter which allowed to increase the ethanol content in the mature mash produced from triticale cultivar Antos by 19.5% and from the triticale cultivar Dubrava by 29.3% and reduce the total quantity of the main impurities in distillates.
SOCIAL INTENTION OF REGIONAL POLICY FOR LOCAL TERRITORIES: KUSBASS EXPERIENCE
Authors: Четошников Станислав , Chetoshnikov Stanislav
Published: January 2019

The paper considers the specific features of regional policy as a complex of measures which aims at supporting territories. The emphasis is set upon social direction of regional policy for local territories. As an example, the implementation of regional policy in Kemerovo region is considered. Such mechanisms of regional policy as program methods of territories’ support and using professional celebrations for social sphere and infrastructure development of Kuzbass local territories are emphasized.
THE ROLE AND POSITION OF CHINA IN THE MAJOR SWING OF THE RUSSIAN POLICY TOWARDS THE EAST
Authors: Говоров Юрий , Govorov Yuri
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the role and place of China in the major swing of the Russian Policy towards the East in response to the Western pressure upon the RF after the Crimea accession. The cornerstone of this policy is in the strengthening of the Russian-Chinese strategic partnership. China is the chief trade partner both of the US and the RF. It feels comfortable enough within the existing global economic system but is dissatisfied with the US global political domination. The impact of the growing power of China and the RF upon the one-polar system leads to increasing geopolitical rift between these two countries and the US. The US consider China as its most principal competitor, but deal a first blow at Russia as a weaker link in the China's rear. The rise of the Western enmity towards Russia diverts the attention of the US from China. But for China Russia is not a strong and important enough country yet: the value of our trade is not so big, we lack qualified staff, the level of confidence and reliability is low, but misinterpretation of Asiatic specificity is very great. Our countries have the common point of view on strategic global issues, but our local interests, ambitions and geography are rather different, from inconsistency to incompatibility. In conclusion, the author summarizes the results and prospects of the further development of the Russian-Chinese cooperation: it will be founded on the level of «strategic partnership» arrangement in the spheres of mutual interest in the East and in the West. The author believes that this level of cooperation would be much more profitable for Russia, than the allied relations because of the great difference in economic weight between our countries.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EVALUATION OF THE STAFF IN THE FORMATION OF REWARD SYSTEM
Authors: Одегов Юрий , Odegov Yuriy , Халиулина Валентина , Khaliulina Valentina
Published: January 2019

The article features the existing approaches to the evaluation of personnel. It presents the point of view of authors on this concept, on whose basis the personnel evaluation system of the organization is based. It features components of the staff appraisal system, such as goals and objectives, the object, the subject and assess of the conditions and factors, which influence the assessment of staff. It shows the relationship between the main elements of the evaluation system and the system of remuneration organization.
THE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF PUBLIC CATERING ENTERPRISES (based on the example of the Wiener Wald cafe)
Authors: Погадаева Нина , Pogadaeva Nina , Завьялова Екатерина , Zavyalova Ekaterina
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on marketing research of the environment of catering enterprises based on the example of the Wiener Wald cafe / confectionery in the city of Kemerovo. The study was conducted by in-depth interviews. Following the results of the study, management decisions were taken concerning changes in the parameters of the format. Thus, this study was a pilot one and more are to follow. The findings have been used in the activity of the company aimed at development of administrative decisions (such as offers of new services, new interior solutions).
TENDENCIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Рыбалкина Зарина , Rybalkina Zarina , Холькина Ольга , Hol’Kina Olga
Published: January 2019

The article is devoted to the immediate problem of development of small business in the construction industry. The results of the analysis reflect the identified positive and negative trends in the development of construction enterprises: reduction in the number of construction companies, increase in staff turnover, lack of Finance, shortage of skilled workers. On the basis of analysis tmeasures directed on improvement and strategic development of the construction industry are suggested. A systematic set of activities was developed that focuses on: the application of Federal, regional and departmental targeted programs, the construction of business incubators, establishing of industrial parks, development of infrastructure systems in municipalities, creation of investment projects.
Aeration optimization of large-scale membrane bioreactors in a sewage treatment plant
Authors: Tang M. , Liu J.
Published: January 2019

Increasing stringency of environmental discharge standards has triggered an industry-wide inclination towards membrane bioreactors over conventional activated sludge processes to ensure fulfilment of environmental discharge criteria. Yet, despite its plentiful advantages, high aeration costs remain as a key deterrent to the widespread adoption of the MBR technology. This backdrop created an impetus for a wastewater treatment company to develop an efficient MBR air scouring protocol that can be realized in existing plants without retrofitting. Known as pulsed cyclic aeration, plant trial applications have demonstrated that fouling control and aeration savings can be improved by >30%, resulting in scouring energy consumptions that can be as low as 0.049 kWh/m3.
Removal of microcystin-LR from aqueous solution using Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds
Authors: Yasmin Rabia , Aftab Kiran , Kashif Muhammad
Published: January 2019

The removal of microcystin-LR from aqueous solution using native Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds powder (MSP) and chemically pretreated M. oleifera Lam. seed powder (PMSP) was investigated in terms of equilibrium and kinetics. Optimum sorption conditions were determined as a function of pH (2–7), adsorbent dosage (0.25–1.0 g/L), initial concentration of microcystin-LR (15–120 mg/L) and contact time (15–360 minutes). The high values of regression constant, 0.98 (MSP) and 0.99 (PMSP), revealed that sorption of microcystin-LR was best fitted by the pseudo second order kinetic model. The equilibrium study was best fitted by the Freundlich model with both the adsorbents. The maximum sorption capacity by MSP and PMSP for microcystin-LR was 85.5 ± 1.1 mg/g and 92.49 ± 2.4 mg/g respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the major involvement of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups for microcystin-LR sequestration either by complexation or ion exchange mechanism. The contribution of the adsorption phenomenon was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic analysis of microcystin-LR loaded and unloaded PMSP. Thus, the HCl-pretreated M. oleifera Lam. seed powder proved to be the pre-eminent biosorbent for removal of microcystin-LR from the wastewater stream.
RAVITA Technology – new innovation for combined phosphorus and nitrogen recovery
Authors: Rossi Laura , Reuna Sini , Fred Tommi , Heinonen Mari
Published: January 2019

Present phosphorus (P) recovery technologies mainly contain P recovery from sludge liquor or ash. These types of technologies are suitable for large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), digestion and/or incineration. In Finland and other Nordic countries, strict P discharge limits require chemical precipitation, thus EBPR alone is not sufficient. Ammonium recovery from wastewater, on the other hand, is not so often discussed. However, recovery from WWTP reject waters would decrease the energy demand of ammonium synthesis by Haber-Bosh technology and the energy demand of the WWTP's biological process. Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY) has developed a new process called RAVITA whereby P and nitrogen recovery are combined in order to produce phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4. Furthermore, in this process metal salt used in precipitation is recovered. The research was carried out on pilot (1,000 population equivalent) and laboratory scales. The objectives of this article are to explain the principles of the RAVITA process and give the first results of processing and production of chemical sludge.
Clopidogrel Resistance in Lower Extremity Arterial Endovascular Interventions
Authors: Markel Kyle M. , Avgerinos Efthymios D.
Published: January 2019

Antiplatelet pharmacotherapy for endovascular interventions has been widely adopted, with clopidogrel
being one of the most common agents prescribed. A fraction of patients is resistant to clopidogrel resulting
in decreased platelet inhibition despite adequate use. This finding is often termed high on-treatment platelet reactivity
(HPR) and may lead to decreased patency in lower extremity arterial endovascular interventions. Current
literature on HPR with lower extremity arterial endovascular interventions is limited to only a few studies. Resistance
to clopidogrel is largely a result of CYP2C19 enzyme loss of function alleles. Several tests are available to
measure clopidogrel resistance but light transmittance aggregometry remains the gold standard, yet direct genetic
testing may be more reliable. One-year patency rates following lower extremity arterial endovascular interventions
in patients with clopidogrel resistance (HPR) range between 35%-83% whereas those with the proper response
to clopidogrel range between 73%-100%. Patients with decreased CYP2C19 activity show a significant
decrease in one-year patency of endovascular femoropopliteal interventions (35% vs. 73%; p=0.006). Among
patients tested for platelet function after in-stent thrombosis, up to 53% are resistant to clopidogrel. Lack of robust
data limits our ability to predict patency in lower extremity arterial interventions for patients with HPR, but
there is little doubt that longer patency seems to favor non-HPR patients. Large population, prospective trials are
needed to guide our practice.
Isolation and Characterization of Nuciferoic Acid, a Novel Keto Fatty Acid with Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity from Cocos nucifera Linn. Endocarp
Authors: Singla Rajeev K. , Ali Mohammed , Kamal Mohammad A. , Dubey Ashok K.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Inflammation and oxidative stress are very closely related to pathophysiological
processes and linked to multiple chronic diseases. Traditionally, the coconut fruits were used in Guatemala
for treatment of dermatitis and inflammation. Isolation of the anti-inflammatory agent from the
hard shell of the coconut fruit was targeted in the current study.

Methods:

Fractionation of ethanolic extract of the coconut hard shell was done by using column chromatography,
solvent treatments and TLC that led to the isolation of a molecule.

Results and Discussion:

Spectral characterization of the molecule by LC-MS/MS QTOF, FTIR, 1HNMR,
13C-NMR, HMQC and HMBC indicated that it is a novel keto fatty acid, which is named as
nuciferoic acid. Hyaluronidase inhibitory potential of the nuciferoic acid was found to be moderate. It
was further docked in all the ten cavities of hyaluronidase and was compared with the substrate
hyaluronic acid. Cavity 1 and cavity 4 could be the probable sites of action on hyaluronidase for
nuciferoic acid. ADME and toxicological characterization suggested that the key sites of metabolism on
nuciferoic acid are C1, C2, C14 and C17. Toxicity prediction against 55 toxicological endpoints revealed
that nuciferoic acid does not have any indication of existing toxicological features.

Conclusion:

A novel keto fatty acid, nuciferoic acid, from C. nucifera hard shell has been isolated and
characterized. It was found to inhibit hyaluronidase activity, which indicated its potential application as
an anti-inflammatory drug or as an adjuvant.
The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Trivić Ivana , Mlakar Ana Savić , Hojsak Iva
Published: January 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a frequent and severe life-threatening disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract of preterm infants. Given that NEC occurs in a well-defined population of patients, there might be a considerable benefit in identifying specific pharmacological and nutritional preventive strategies, that could reduce the incidence of NEC. Amongst nutritional strategies emphasis has been put on the use of probiotics. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize currently available evidence on the role of probiotics in general, as well as the role of specific probiotic strains or their combinations, in the prevention of NEC.
Bioinformatics Study on Serum Triglyceride Levels for Analysis of a Potential Risk Factor Affecting Blood Pressure Variability
Authors: Xu Lin , Huang Jiangming , Zhang Zhe , Qiu Jian , Guo Yan , Zhao Hui , Cai Zekun , Huang Xiaomin , Fan Yongwang , Xu Yehao , Ma Jun , Wu Wanqing
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to establish whether Triglycerides (TGs) are
related to Blood Pressure (BP) variability and whether controlling TG levels leads to better BP
variability management and prevents Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).

Methods:

In this study, we enrolled 106 hypertensive patients and 80 non-hypertensive patients.
Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to define the relationships between
TG levels and BP variability in all subjects. Patients with hypertension were divided into two subgroups
according to TG level: Group A (TG<1.7 mmol/L) and Group B (TG>=1.7 mmol/L). The
heterogeneity between the two subgroups was compared using t tests and covariance analysis.

Results:

TG levels and BP variability were significantly different between the hypertensive and
non-hypertensive patients. Two-tailed Pearson correlation tests showed that TG levels are positively
associated with many BP variability measures in all subjects. After reducing other confounding
factors, the partial correlation analysis revealed that TG levels are still related to the Standard Deviation
(SD), Coefficient of Variation (CV) of nighttime systolic blood pressure and CV of
nighttime diastolic blood pressure, respectively (each p<0.05). In the subgroups, group A had a
lower SD of nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP_night_SD; 11.39±3.80 and 13.39±4.16,
p=0.011), CV of nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP_night_CV; 0.09±0.03 and 0.11±0.03,
p=0.014) and average real variability of nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP_night_ARV;
10.99±3.98 and 12.6±3.95, p=0.024) compared with group B, even after adjusting for age and other
lipid indicators.

Conclusion:

TG levels are significantly associated with BP variability and hypertriglyceridemia,
which affects blood pressure variability before causing target organ damage.