bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medication Changes Among Older Drivers Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes
Authors: Zullo Andrew R. , Riester Melissa R. , D’Amico Adam M. , Reddy Bhuma Monika , Khan Marzan A. , Curry Allison E. , Pfeiffer Melissa R. , Margolis Seth A. , Ott Brian R. , Bayer Thomas , Joyce Nina R.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Although older adults may use potentially driver-impairing (PDI) medications that can produce psychomotor impairment, little is known about changes to PDI medication use among older adults from the time before to the time after a motor vehicle crash (MVC).

Objective

To quantify use of and changes in PDI medications among older adults before and after an MVC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used linked Medicare claims and police-reported MVC data on 154 096 person-crashes among 121 846 older drivers. Eligible persons were drivers aged 66 years or older, involved in a police-reported MVC in New Jersey from May 1, 2007, through December 31, 2017, and with continuous enrollment in Medicare fee-for-service Parts A and B for at least 12 months and Part D for at least 120 days prior to the MVC. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to May 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Use of benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, opioid analgesics, and other PDI medications in the 120 days before and 120 days after the MVC. Because each person could contribute multiple MVCs during the study period if they met eligibility criteria, the unit of analysis was the number of person-crashes. The proportion of person-crashes after which PDI medications were started, discontinued, or continued was quantified as well.

Results

Among 154 096 eligible person-crashes, the mean (SD) age of the drivers was 75.2 (6.7) years at the time of the MVC. Of 121 846 unique persons, 51.6% were women. In 80.0% of the person-crashes, drivers used 1 or more PDI medications before the crash, and in 81.0% of the person-crashes, drivers used 1 or more PDI medications after the crash. Use of benzodiazepines (8.1% before the crash and 8.8% after the crash), nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (5.9% before the crash and 6.0% after the crash), and opioid analgesics (15.4% before the crash and 17.5% after the crash) was slightly higher after the MVC. After the MVC, drivers in 2.1% of person-crashes started benzodiazepines and 1.4% stopped benzodiazepines, drivers in 1.2% of person-crashes started nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics and 1.2% stopped nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, and drivers in 8.4% of person-crashes started opioid analgesics and 6.3% stopped opioid analgesics.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study suggests that most older drivers involved in MVCs did not use fewer PDI medications after crashes than before crashes. Qualitative research of perceived risks vs benefits of PDI medications is necessary to understand the reasons why MVCs do not appear to motivate clinicians to deprescribe PDI medications as a strategy to avert potential harms, including additional MVCs.
Comparative Effectiveness of Antipsychotics in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hamina Aleksi , Taipale Heidi , Lieslehto Johannes , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tanskanen Antti , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Tiihonen Jari
Published: October 2024

Importance

Antipsychotics are the cornerstone of maintenance treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but it is unclear which agents should be prioritized by prescribers.

Objective

To investigate the clinical effectiveness of antipsychotics, including recent market entries, in comparison with oral olanzapine in relapse and treatment failure prevention among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This comparative effectiveness research study with a within-individual analysis included data from Swedish health care registers of inpatient and specialized outpatient care, sickness absence, and disability pensions among all individuals aged 16 to 65 years who were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2021, including an incident cohort and a prevalent cohort.

Exposures

Specific antipsychotics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The risks for psychosis relapse hospitalization and treatment failure (psychiatric hospitalization, death, or change in an antipsychotic medication) were adjusted for the temporal order of treatments, time since cohort entry, and concomitant drugs. Comparisons of all antipsychotics with oral olanzapine, the most commonly used antipsychotic, were investigated.

Results

Among the full cohort of 131 476 individuals, the mean (SD) age of the study cohort was 45.7 (16.2) years (70 054 men [53.3%]). During a median follow-up of 12.0 years [IQR, 5.2-16.0 years], 48.5% of patients (N = 63 730) experienced relapse and 71.1% (N = 93 464) underwent treatment failure at least once. Compared with oral olanzapine, paliperidone 3-month long-acting injectable (LAI) was associated with the lowest adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) in the prevention of relapses (AHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.86), followed by aripiprazole LAI (AHR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70-0.84]), olanzapine LAI (AHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.73-0.86]), and clozapine (AHR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.79-0.86]). Quetiapine was associated with the highest risk of relapse (AHR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.38-1.51]). For prevention of treatment failure, paliperidone 3-month LAI was associated with the lowest AHR (AHR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.31-0.42]), followed by aripiprazole LAI (AHR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.57-0.63]), olanzapine LAI (AHR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.63-0.72]), and paliperidone 1-month LAI (AHR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.68-0.74]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This comparative effectiveness research study demonstrated large differences in the risk of relapse and treatment failure among specific antipsychotic treatments. The findings contradict the widely held conception that all antipsychotics are equally effective in relapse prevention.
Characterization of two bacterial tyrosinases from the halophilic bacterium Hahella sp. CCB MM4 relevant for phenolic compounds oxidation in wetlands
Authors: de Almeida Santos Gustavo , Englund Andrea N. B. , Dalleywater Eirin L. , Røhr Åsmund Kjendseth
Published: October 2024

Tyrosinases (TYRs) are type‐3 copper proteins that are widely distributed in nature. They can hydroxylate and oxidize phenolic molecules and are mostly known for producing melanins that confer protection against photo induced damage. TYRs are also thought to play an important role in the ‘latch mechanism’, where high concentrations of phenolic compounds inhibit oxidative decomposition of organic biomass and subsequent CO2 release, especially relevant in wetland environments. In the present study, we describe two TYRs, HcTyr1 and HcTyr2, from halophilic bacterium Hahella sp. CCB MM4 previously isolated at Matang mangrove forest in Perak, Malaysia. The structure of HcTyr1 was determined by X‐ray crystallography at a resolution of 1.9 Å and represents an uncharacterized group of prokaryotic TYRs as demonstrated by a sequence similarity network analysis. The genes encoding the enzymes were cloned, expressed, purified and thoroughly characterized by biochemical methods. HcTyr1 was able to self‐cleave its lid‐domain (LID) in a protease independent manner, whereas the LID of HcTyr2 was essential for activity and stability. Both enzymes showed variable activity in the presence of different metals, surfactants and NaCl, and were able to oxidize lignin constituents. The high salinity tolerance of HcTyr1 indicates that the enzyme can be an efficient catalyst in the habitat of the host.
The interplay between popularity and aggression in adolescence: Focusing the lens on sense of power and prestige
Authors: Peets Kätlin , Hodges Ernest V. E.
Published: October 2024

There is accumulating longitudinal evidence that popularity predicts relative increases in adolescents' aggression. Yet, we know very little about the conditions that motivate popular youth to engage in coercive behaviors. In this study, we evaluated whether popular adolescents would show elevated levels of aggression over time when they felt powerless and had low prestige (respect and admiration) among their peers. In addition, we examined whether popular youth would gain a greater sense of power and prestige over time via aggressive means. Participants were 419 fifth (MagetT1 = 10.91 years, SD = 0.42) and eighth graders (MagetT1 = 13.95 years, SD = 0.43) who participated twice over a 1‐year interval. Popularity was measured at Time 1, while the other central constructs, such as direct forms of aggression, sense of power and prestige, were assessed at Times 1 and 2. Our findings demonstrate that aggression might be a threat‐triggered response by popular youth to protect their ego and/or resolve the discrepancy between their position in the hierarchy and what that role should afford them. Moreover, popular youth feel the greatest sense of power over time when they abstain from resorting to aggressive means. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A new method to evaluate fluoroscopic system collimator performance
Authors: Steiner Joseph R. , Morrison Courtney K. , Vaya Mayur , Bevins Nicholas , Christophel Jeremy , Vanderhoek Matt
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Fluoroscopy uses collimators to limit the radiation field size. Collimators are often evaluated annually during equipment performance evaluations to maintain compliance with regulatory and/or accreditation bodies. A method to evaluate and quantify fluoroscopy collimator performance was developed.

Methods

A radiation field and displayed image measurement device consisting of radiopaque rulers and radiochromic film strips was placed on the x‐ray source assembly exit window to evaluate fluoroscopy collimator performance. This method was used to evaluate collimator performance on 79 fluoroscopic imaging systems including fixed C‐arms, mobile C‐arms, mini C‐arms, and radiographic fluoroscopic systems.

Results

The excess length (EL), excess width (EW), and sum EL + EW of the radiation field relative to the displayed image were measured and compared to the limits specified in 21CFR1020.32. Four systems exceeded these limits. Placing the radiation measurement device at the x‐ray source assembly exit window relative to the image receptor cover increased the film exposure rate by a factor up to 14.6. The time required to set up and complete the fluoroscopy collimator performance measurements using this method ranged from 5 to 10 min.

Conclusions

This method provides an easily implemented quantitative measure of fluoroscopy system collimator performance that satisfies regulatory and accreditation body requirements.
The Burden of Glucocorticoids: Patterns of Use, Adverse Health Conditions, and Health Care Use in Two Cohorts With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Katz Patricia , Pedro Sofia , Park Joonsuk , Choi Jiyoon , Michaud Kaleb
Published: October 2024

Objective

Glucocorticoids (GCs) can be beneficial from both clinical and patient perspectives, but side effects are well documented. We examined patterns of GC use over 15 years (2006–2021) and occurrence of adverse health conditions (AHCs) and health care use by GC exposure in two longitudinal cohorts with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Data from the Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS; 2003–2015) and FORWARD cohort (2015–2021) were used. AHCs examined were diabetes, osteoporosis, nontraumatic fractures, cataracts, and infections. Health care use measures examined were the number of rheumatology and other provider visits, hospitalizations, and specific diagnostic tests. Kaplan–Meier analyses examined time to occurrence of each AHC. Cox regression analyses estimated the risk of occurrence of AHCs, controlling for covariates by GC use and by GC dose (0, 1–5, 5–7.5, and ≥7.5 mg).

Results

GC use was relatively consistent over time. At baseline, individuals who used GCs in the LOS were more likely to report osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.6) and cataracts (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.04–2.6); individuals who used GCs in the FORWARD cohort were more likely to report diabetes (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 2.2–12.0), osteoporosis (aOR 4.5, 95% CI 2.6–8.0), and fractures (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 3.8–11.1). Individuals who used high doses of GCs in the LOS had greater incidence of osteoporosis, fracture, and cataracts. In the FORWARD cohort, a significant difference in incidence was noted only for infections. In both cohorts, individuals who used GCs had more rheumatology and other physician visits, and greater risk of hospitalization.

Conclusion

Despite recommendations on steroid sparing, a large portion of people with SLE appear to remain on steroids. These analyses provide additional evidence of the potential health and health care burden of GC use, underscoring the need for other effective treatments for individuals with SLE.
Promoting Interfacial Reaction via Quantifying NMC811 CEI Evolution and Li+ Desolvation Using Single‐Particle Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Li Xu , Dai Lei , Yang Le , Chen Xiaodong , Li Na , Wang Wei , Chen Hao‐Sen , Song Wei‐Li , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: October 2024

Promoting interfacial kinetics of high‐nickel LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) is a critical strategy for enhancing rate capability of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). At the solid‐liquid interface of positive electrode, charge transfer across the cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) is responsible for the interfacial redox reaction, which is dominated by desolvation process of Li+ and NMC811 CEI evolution. Since these two processes are significantly impacted by the solvation effect of electrolytes, herein single‐particle Raman spectroscopy and single‐particle probes are established to quantitatively study the influences of solvation effect on CEI evolution and desolvation process of Li+, respectively. Owing to oxidation of the unstable free cyclic carbonate ester from dissociation of solvation structure, the CEI is found to grow thicker during discharge process. Due to the decreased concentration of cyclic carbonate in the solvation structure, the desolvation process of Li+ in the ethyl methyl carbonate‐ethylene carbonate electrolyte can be reduced by 11.8% compared to that in the dimethyl carbonate‐ethylene carbonate electrolyte. With the presence of ethyl methyl carbonate‐ethylene carbonate electrolyte, thinner CEI and easier desolvation process of Li+ can be simultaneously achieved on the NMC811 surface. Accordingly, its corresponding LIBs deliver the highest specific capacity ≈138.8 mAh g−1 at 5C among the LIBs with the other commonly used electrolytes.
Adjustable Humidity Response: Ultrahigh Green EMI Shielding Gel with Double‐Side Constant Temperature Capability
Authors: Ma Zhengkun , He Jingzong , Liu Shilin , Zhang Wenting , Gan Meiheng , Wu Qilin , Xing Malcolm
Published: October 2024

With the increasingly serious secondary pollution of electromagnetic waves (EMWs), efficient green shielding materials have become an urgent need. MXene is widely used in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to its large surface area and high conductivity. Here, this work constructs MXene islands with better shielding performance through viscosity control and continuous mechanical stirring. Benefiting from the MXene islands, Janus‐structural gel with humidity response is successfully prepared, showing controllable ultrahigh green shielding property (up to 100.5 dB, thickness of 2 mm). Interestingly, this gel can spontaneously adjust its water content according to the humidity, resulting in a reversible transformation in three states to meet the needs of different environments. By Janus‐structural design and reasonable material combination, this gel demonstrates excellent electrothermal (rise to 111.6 °C, 5 s, 2 V)/thermal insulation (thermal conductivity is low to 0.029 W m−1 K−1) properties to meet the needs of shielding in underwater/fire operations.
Rapid Charge Transfer Endowed by Hollow‐structured Z‐Scheme Heterojunction for Coupling Benzylamine Oxidation With CO2 Reduction
Authors: Tang Chenxi , Bao Tengfei , Li Shuming , Li Xuejing , Rao Heng , She Ping , Qin Jun‐sheng
Published: October 2024

In the field of photocatalysis, ultrafast electron transfer at the interface is the key factor affecting photocatalytic activity. Herein, ultrafast carrier transport is achieved through constructing a Z‐scheme heterojunction of CoSe@Zn0.5Cd0.5S (CoSe@ZCS), which is prepared by in situ growth of ZCS on the ZIF‐67‐derived hollow CoSe. The ultrafast charge transfer at the Z‐scheme heterojunction interface is verified by advanced fs‐transient absorption, which provides vital evidence for the specific mechanism of photocatalytic charge transfer. In addition, the presence of key intermediates (*COOH and C═N) is detected by in‐situ FTIR spectroscopy, which further clarified the mechanism of coupling benzylamine oxidation with CO2 photoconversion. DFT calculations also confirm that the Z‐scheme heterojunction effectively reduces the energy barrier of the rate‐limiting step of *COOH formation, facilitating the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process of ZCS. Benefiting from the ultrafast electron transfer at the interface of the Z‐scheme heterojunction, CoSe@ZCS exhibits excellent bifunctional photocatalytic performance. This work lays the foundation for further exploration of the charge transfer mode at the heterojunction interface to facilitate solar‐driven energy conversion.
Prodrug Nanomedicine for Synovium Targeted Therapy of Inflammatory Arthritis: Insights from Animal Model and Human Synovial Joint Fluid
Authors: Nosrati Zeynab , Chen Yun An , Bergamo Marta , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Cristina , Chan Jonathan , Shojania Kam , Kherani Raheem B. , Chin Carson , Kelsall John T. , Dehghan Natasha , Colwill Ann Marie , Collins David , Saatchi Katayoun , Häfeli Urs O.
Published: October 2024

Many patients cannot tolerate low‐dose weekly methotrexate (MTX) therapy for inflammatory arthritis treatment due to life‐threatening toxicity. Although biologics offer a target‐specific therapy, it raises the risk of serious infections and even cancer due to immune system suppression. We introduce an anti‐inflammatory arthritis MTX ester prodrug using a long‐circulating biocompatible polymeric macromolecule: folic acid (FA) functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG). In vitro the drug MTX is incrementally released through pH and enzymatic degradation over 2 weeks. The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in site‐specific prodrug activation was verified using synovial fluid (SF) of 26 rheumatology patients and 4 healthy controls. Elevated levels of specific MMPs‐markers of joint inflammation‐positively correlated with enhanced prodrug release explained by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of esters by proteases. Intravenously administered 111In‐radiolabeled prodrug confirmed by SPECT/CT imaging that it accumulated preferentially in inflamed joints while reducing off‐target side‐effects in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Added FA as a targeting vector prolonged prodrug action; prodrug with 4x less MTX applied every 2 weeks was as effective as weekly MTX therapy. The preclinical results suggest a prodrug‐based strategy for the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases, with potential for other chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Motor‐Cargo Structured Nanotractors for Augmented NIR Phototherapy via Gas‐Boosted Tumor Penetration and Respiration‐Impaired Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Yi , Chen Huadong , Wu Yihan , Liu Jinliang , Che Hailong , Zhang Yong , Zhu Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

Tumor microenvironment, characterized by dense extracellular matrix and severe hypoxia, has caused pronounced resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, it has designed an artificial nitric oxide (NO) nanotractor with a unique “motor‐cargo” structure, where a photoswitching upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core serves as the optical engine to harvest NIR light and asymmetrically coated mesoporous silica (SiO2) shell acts as a cargo unit to load nitric oxide (NO) fuel molecule (RBS, Roussin's black salt) and PDT photosensitizer (ZnPc, zinc phthalocyanine). Upon illumination by 980 nm light, the UCNP emits blue light to excite RBS salt and release NO gas. On one hand, NO is used as the driving force to propel the particle with a high speed of ≈194 µm s−1 that generates significant rupture stress (over 0.95 kPa) on cell membrane to promote cellular endocytosis and intratumoral penetration. On the other hand, NO enables to alleviate tumor hypoxia by inhibiting cellular respiration as an oxygen conserver. When the excitation is subsequently switched to 808 nm light, the UCNP emits red light, triggering ZnPc to produce large amount of reactive oxygen species for PDT treatment. This study explores Janus‐typed nanostructures for cell‐particle interaction and gas‐assisted phototherapy, opening avenues for versatile bioapplications.
Reinforced Magnetic‐Responsive Electro‐Ionic Artificial Muscles by 3D Laser‐Induced Graphene Nano‐Heterostructures
Authors: Xu Zhenjin , Deng Keqi , Zhang Yang , Zhu Bin , Yang Jianhui , Xue Mingcheng , Jin Hang , He Gonghan , Zheng Gaofeng , Zheng Jianyi , Wu Dezhi
Published: October 2024

Efficient ion transport and enriched responsive modals via modulating electrochemical properties of conductivity and capacitance are essential for soft electro‐ionic actuators. However, cost‐effective and straightforward approaches to achieve expedited fabrication of active electrode materials capable of multimodal‐responsiveness remain limited. Herein, this work reports the one‐step ultrafast laser direct patterning method, to readily synthesize electro‐ and magneto‐active electrode material, derived from the unique cobalt‐phosphorus co‐doped core–shell heterostructures within 3D graphene frameworks, for fulfilling the dual‐mode responsive electro‐ionic actuators. The designed nanofiber‐structured heterointerfaces across electrodes and electrolytes further promote highly efficient electron/ion transfer. The developed soft actuator exhibits superior actuation performance of peak‐to‐peak displacement to 13.08 mm under an ultra‐low ±0.5 V, with doubled direct current deflection under 200 mT at 1 V, an ultrafast response of 1.38 s and long‐term stability (>90% retention for ≈106 000 cycles), even detectable bending to ≈280 µm under exceptional ±10 mV. The promising demonstration of promoting differentiation and proliferation of stem cells under mechanical strain and electrical stimuli, sheds more light as well on the possibility of facilitating biomedical soft robotics with ultrahigh actuation performance.
Novel Photo‐STING Agonists Delivered by Erythrocyte Efferocytosis‐Mimicking Pattern to Repolarize Tumor‐Associated Macrophages for Boosting Anticancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Zhiyan , Li Xianghui , Lu Yanjun , Zhu Xudong , Zheng Wenxuan , Chen Kai , Wang Xingzhou , Wang Tao , Guan Wenxian , Su Zhi , Liu Song , Wu Jinhui
Published: October 2024

Immunotherapy has emerged as a highly effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway activation facilitates tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) polarization toward M1 phenotype, and Mn2+ are effective agents for this pathway activation. However, the high in vivo degradation rate and toxicity of Mn2+ hamper clinical application of immunotherapy. Here, this work has newly synthesized and screened manganese porphyrins for Mn2+ transport, referred to as photo‐STING agonists (PSAs), and further encapsulate them into core‐shell nanoparticles named Rm@PP‐GA with dual specificity for tumor tissue and TAMs. Not only do PSAs achieve higher Mn2+ delivery efficiency compared to Mn2+, but they also generate reactive oxygen species under light exposure, promoting mitochondrial DNA release for cGAS‐STING pathway activation. In Rm@PP‐GA, globin and red blood cell membranes (Rm) are used for erythrocyte efferocytosis‐mimicking delivery. Rm can effectively prolong the in vivo circulation period while globin enables PSAs to be taken up by TAMs via CD163 receptors. After Rm rupture mediated by perfluorohexane in nanoparticles under ultrasonication, drugs are specifically released for TAM repolarization. Further, dendritic cells mature, as well as T lymphocyte infiltrate, both of which favor tumor eradication. Therefore, cancer immunotherapy is optimized by novel PSAs delivered by erythrocyte efferocytosis‐mimicking delivery pattern.
Reducing Dielectric Loss of High‐Dielectric‐Constant Elastomer via Rigid Short‐Chain Crosslinking
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Wang Linping , Gao Liang , Zu Da , Zhang Dongyang , Xu Tianhua , Hu Qiuyue , Zhu Ren , Liu Yunya , Hu Ben‐Lin
Published: October 2024

High‐dielectric‐constant elastomers have broad applications in wearable electronics, which can be achieved by the elastification of relaxor ferroelectric polymers. However, the introduction of soft long chains, with their high mobility under strong electric fields, leads to high dielectric loss. Given the relatively low modulus of relaxor ferroelectric polymers, elastification can be realized by introducing short‐chain crosslinkers. In this work, a molecular engineering design is employed, utilizing a rigid short‐chain crosslinker to create crosslinks with relaxor ferroelectric polymer, resulting in intrinsic elastomers characterized by a high dielectric constant but low dielectric loss. The obtained intrinsic ferroelectric elastomer possesses a high dielectric constant (35 at 1 kHz and 25 °C) and a low dielectric loss (0.09). Furthermore, this elastomer exhibits stable ferroelectric response and relaxor characteristics even under strains up to 80%. The study supplies a simple but effective method to reduce the dielectric loss of high‐dielectric‐constant intrinsic elastomers, thereby expanding their application fields in wearable electronics.
Breaking the Lithiation Barrier via Tailored‐Design Facile Kinetic Pathways in TiO2(B) Realizing 50C Ultrafast Charging
Authors: Ke Jinlong , Chen Shi , Xiao Peitao , Chen Yufang , Tang Rui , Gao Peng , Hu Aiping , Liu Jilei
Published: October 2024

As a promising anode material for fast charging lithium‐ion batteries, bronze‐phase titanium dioxide (TiO2(B)) still faces the challenge of sluggish Li+ diffusion kinetics in the solid phase during lithiation/delithiation processes. Herein, a facile synthetic strategy has been proposed to optimize the microstructure of TiO2(B), which enables facilitated lithiation and therefore significantly improved rate performance. The rice‐granular nanoparticles with precisely controlled aspect ratios (AR) can be obtained via manipulating the ligand concentrations that affect nucleation and oriented attachment processes, as well as adjusting the calcination temperatures to control the Oswald ripening process. As a result, the smaller ab plane in rice‐granular TiO2(B) enhances Li+ diffusion efficiency on C’ site and inhibits the inhomogeneity of Li+ between inter and inside particles. Benefiting from breaking the Li+ diffusion kinetics, the rice‐granular TiO2(B) maintains a high specific capacity of 159.5 mAh g−1 at 50C, with an excellent capacity retention ratio of 93.67% after 5000 cycles at 10C. This work provides an efficient and simple strategy to minimize the challenging lithiation paths in TiO2(B) anode, and offers new opportunities for high rate battery design.
Fog Harvesting Via Multistage Edge‐Effect Condensation
Authors: Illahie Ahmad , Majid Kowsar , Lone Saifullah
Published: October 2024

The escalating global population and rapid industrialization have precipitated a severe freshwater scarcity crisis. To address this challenge, innovative strategies are essential to exploit unconventional water sources such as atmospheric vapor. This study proposes a novel approach integrating 3D printing technology with surface chemistry principles for atmospheric fog harvesting. The approach entails leveraging 3D printing technology, chosen for its cost‐effectiveness, unparalleled design flexibility to design intricate geometries, and time efficiency to fabricate cylindrical millimeter‐scale size vertical pillars. Harnessing the intricate interplay of surface phenomena, condensation preferentially occurs on the pillar tops due to surface phenomena. The pillars are imbued with nonadecane, a hydrocarbon renowned for its low surface energy characteristics ensures the uninterrupted progression of water droplet formation, coalescence, and seamless transportation, unveiling a symphony of molecular interactions at the microscale. The design demonstrates promising results, yielding an impressive yield of ≈3.956 g of water per hour from 1 cm2 area. Geometric discontinuities associated with parahydrophobic pillars amplify water harvesting via an edge effect. This study represents a significant step toward a more sustainable and technologically advanced solution for the global water crisis.
Printed Interconnects for Heterogeneous Systems Integration on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Ma Sihang , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: October 2024

Heterogeneous integration on flexible substrates has been explored in recent years to meet the high‐performance and flexible form factors requirements of several emerging applications. Reliable interconnects, in both 2D and 3D layouts, are critical for the effective use of these systems. But it is challenging to employ conventional bonding and interconnect technology due to considerable mismatches in mechanical and thermal properties. For example, the ultra‐thin chips (UTCs) are too fragile to withstand the static or oscillating forces applied during conventional bonding. In this regard, printing of metal tracks on flexible substrates is a promising alternative to access the contact pads on integrated circuits (ICs), as the interconnects on diverse substrates can be realized at room temperature processing using as much materials as needed. Further, it is easier to attain step coverage. Considering the above attractive features, and the challenges associated with conventional bonding techniques, this article focuses on the development of high‐resolution printing interconnects in both 2D and 3D layouts and explores various printing routes available for high density integration. The article also discusses major conventional interposers/interconnects forming methods and their limitations for flexible hybrid electronics along with few examples of printed interconnects to highlight the opportunities for future.
Achieving Bright Up‐Conversion Luminescence of Eu3⁺ and Tb3⁺ Ions within Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Xuan , Ye Ming‐Yu , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Lan‐Sun
Published: October 2024

Achieving the up‐conversion luminescence (UCL) centered around trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+) ions in coordination polymers (CPs) is extremely challenging. Herein, Yb3⁺‐doped Ln‐CPs of [Eu1‐xYbx(pfbz)2(phen)Cl] (x = 0.3, namely 3; x = 0.5, namely 4; x = 0.7; namely 5), and [Tb1‐xYbx(pfbz)2(phen)Cl] (x = 0.2, namely 6; x = 0.5, namely 7; x = 0.6, namely 8) are reported by doping Yb3⁺ into Ln‐CPs of [Ln(pfbz)2(phen)Cl] (Ln = Eu, 1; Ln = Tb, 2). Both 5 and 8 visually exhibit excellent cooperative sensitization UCL of Eu3⁺ and Tb3⁺ ions, while 5 represents the first instance of an Ln‐CP where the UCL of Eu3⁺ ion is visually observable. Investigations into the UCL of these CPs reveal that the energy transfer is achieved through direct energy transfer from two individual Yb3⁺ ions, marking the first time such a mechanism has been employed in UCL in Eu/Tb‐CPs.
DMSO/SOCl2‐Mediated Synthesis of Thiomethylnaphthalenes from Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Liang Wang‐Fu , He Xinglei , Li Jingheng , Ye Ke‐Yin
Published: October 2024

Herein, we reported the straightforward synthesis of thiomethylnaphthalenes via the reaction of propargyl alcohols with dimethyl sulfoxide/thionyl chloride (DMSO/SOCl2), which also provided easy access to deuterated thiomethyl and other thioalkyl scaffolds when deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and dialkyl sulfoxides were used, respectively. In addition, the thiomethyl group can be readily derivatized to the corresponding sulfoxide, sulfone, and sulfoximine of interesting photophysical properties.
Selective Modulation of Fear Memory in Non‐Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Authors: Zheng Qiyu , Huang Yuhua , Mu Changrui , Hu Xiaoqing , Lai Cora Sau Wan
Published: October 2024

Sleep stabilizes memories for their consolidation, but how to modify specific fear memory during sleep remains unclear. Here, it is reported that using targeted memory reactivation (TMR) to reactivate prior fear learning experience in non‐slow wave sleep (NS) inhibits fear memory consolidation, while TMR during slow wave sleep (SWS) enhances fear memory in mice. Replaying conditioned stimulus (CS) during sleep affects sleep spindle occurrence, leading to the reduction or enhancement of slow oscillation‐spindle (SO‐spindle) coupling in NS and SWS, respectively. Optogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in the frontal association cortex (FrA) during TMR abolishes the behavioral effects of NS‐TMR and SWS‐TMR by modulating SO‐spindle coupling. Notably, calcium imaging of the L2/3 pyramidal neurons in the FrA shows that CS during SWS selectively enhances the activity of neurons previously activated during fear conditioning (FC+ neurons), which significantly correlates with CS‐elicited spindle power spectrum density. Intriguingly, these TMR‐induced calcium activity changes of FC+ neurons further correlate with mice freezing behavior, suggesting their contributions to the consolidation of fear memories. The findings indicate that TMR can selectively weaken or strengthen fear memory, in correlation with modulating SO‐spindle coupling and the reactivation of FC+ neurons during substages of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
Specific Requirement of the p84/p110γ Complex of PI3Kγ for Antibody‐Activated, Inducible Cross‐Presentation in Murine Type 2 DCs
Authors: Koumantou Despoina , Adiko Aimé Cézaire , Bourdely Pierre , Nugue Mathilde , Boedec Erwan , El‐Benna Jamel , Monteiro Renato , Saveanu Cosmin , Laffargue Muriel , Wymann Matthias P. , Dalod Marc , Guermonprez Pierre , Saveanu Loredana
Published: October 2024

Cross‐presentation by MHCI is optimally efficient in type 1 dendritic cells (DC) due to their high capacity for antigen processing. However, through specific pathways, other DCs, such as type 2 DCs and inflammatory DCs (iDCs) can also cross‐present antigens. FcγR‐mediated uptake by type 2 DC and iDC subsets mediates antibody‐dependent cross‐presentation and activation of CD8+ T cell responses. Here, an important role for the p84 regulatory subunit of PI3Kγ in mediating efficient cross‐presentation of exogenous antigens in otherwise inefficient cross‐presenting cells, such as type 2 DCs and GM‐CSF‐derived iDCs is identified. FcγR‐mediated cross‐presentation is shown in type 2 and iDCs depend on the enzymatic activity of the p84/p110γ complex of PI3Kγ, which controls the activity of the NADPH oxidase NOX2 and ROS production in murine spleen type 2 DCs and GM‐CSF‐derived iDCs. In contrast, p84/p110γ is largely dispensable for cross‐presentation by type 1 DCs. These findings suggest that PI3Kγ‐targeted therapies, currently considered for oncological practice, may interfere with the ability of type 2 DCs and iDCs to cross‐present antigens contained in immune complexes.
Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes Using Water as Both the Reductant and the Proton Source
Authors: Tian Xinzhe , Qiu Ming , An Wankai , Ren Yun‐Lai
Published: October 2024

Utilization of clean and low‐cost water as the reductant to enable hydrogenation of alkenes is highly attractive in green chemistry. However, this research subject is considerably challenging due to the sluggish kinetics of the water oxidation half‐reaction. It is also very difficult to avoid the undesired oxidation of alkenes because that this oxidation is far easier to occur than the desired oxidation of water from thermodynamic standpoint. Herein, this challenge is overcome by applying a cooperative catalysis where HCl is used as the cocatalyst to accelerate Pt/g‐C3N4‐catalyzed water oxidation and suppress the undesired oxidation of the alkene. This provides an example for using water as the reductant and the proton source to enable the photocatalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. The present method exhibits broad substrate applicability, and allows various arylethenes and aliphatic alkenes to undergo the hydrogenation smoothly.
Manipulating d‐Band Center of Ru Sites in Branched RuO2 Nanofibers Enables Significantly Enhanced Alkaline Overall Water Splitting Performance
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , Li Weimo , Ren Siyu , Song Wei , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: October 2024

Although ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is an efficacious oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst in acidic media, its performance in alkaline conditions is subpar and it is also ineffective for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in common electrolytes. Here, an effective phosphorus (P)‐doping strategy is introduced to manipulate the d‐band center of ruthenium (Ru) sites, attenuating the adsorption energy of HER intermediates and lowering the energy barrier in OER, thereby significantly accelerating both HER and OER performance. The representative 10%P‐RuO2 nanofibers (NFs) catalyst presents an ultralow overpotential of 177.9 mV at 1 A cm−2 and long‐term stability of 300 h in 1 m KOH toward HER, greatly exceeding those of benchmark platinum (Pt)/C catalyst. Moreover, the 10%P‐RuO2 NFs catalyst exhibits an exceptional OER performance with a low overpotential of 250 mV at 10 mA cm−2 (η10) and desirable stability of 150 h at 1 A cm−2, which is far better than commercial RuO2 and many other typical previously reported OER catalysts. Additionally, an overall water electrolytic cell using 10%P‐RuO2 NFs as both anode and cathode necessitates a working voltage of 1.52 V (η10) and demonstrates long‐term stability over 100 h at 1 A cm−2, outperforming many typical water electrolysis cells.
Application of Nanomaterials in the Repair and Regeneration of Lymphatic Organs and Corresponding Biophysical Simulation Strategies
Authors: Liu Bangheng , Wang Dong‐An
Published: October 2024

Immune system diseases, malignant tumors, and traumatic injuries can directly damage the structure and function of lymphoid organs, while subsequent radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and lymph node dissection further damage the patient's immune system, leading to immune dysfunction, metabolic disorders, and increased susceptibility to infection, which seriously affect the patient's prognosis and quality of life. In this context, nanotechnology plays a key role in lymphoid organ regeneration and immune function recovery, including improving the therapeutic effect through targeted drug delivery systems, using targeted imaging probes to achieve tumor prediction and early detection, combining nanoplatforms with immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects, and using nanomaterials to regulate the tumor microenvironment to enhance the sensitivity of traditional treatments. In addition, biophysical simulation strategies that simulate the microenvironment of lymphoid organs have also attracted widespread attention, aiming to construct a native cell environment to support the regeneration and functional recovery of damaged lymphoid tissues, or to simulate immune cells to regulate lymphocytes and induce specific immune responses. The multifaceted application of nanotechnology provides promising prospects for lymphoid organ regeneration and immune system repair.
Directional Electron Transfer in Enzymatic Nano‐Bio Hybrids for Selective Photobiocatalytic Conversion of Nitrate
Authors: Bian Jiyong , An Xiaoqiang , Zhao Jing , Liao Yang , Lan Xianen , Liu Ruiping , Hu Chengzhi , Chen Jie‐jie , Liu Huijuan , Qu Jiuhui
Published: October 2024

Semi‐artificial photosynthetic system (SAPS) that combines enzymes or cellular organisms with light‐absorbing semiconductors, has emerged as an attractive approach for nitrogen conversion, yet faces the challenge of reaction pathway regulation. Herein, we find that photoelectrons can transfer from the −C≡N groups at the edge of cyano‐rich carbon nitride (g‐C3N4‐CN) to nitrate reductase (NarGH), while the direct electron transfer to nitrite reductase (cd1NiR) is inhibited due to the physiological distance limit of active sites (>14 Å). By means of the directional electron transfer between g‐C3N4‐CN and extracted biological enzymes, the product of the denitrification reaction was switched from inert N2 to usable nitrite with an unprecedented selectivity of up to 95.3 %. The converted nitrite could be further utilized by anammox microbiota and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) microorganisms, doubling the efficiency of total nitrogen removal (96.5±2.3 %) for biological nitrogen removal and ammonia generation (12.6 mg NH4+‐N L−1 h−1), respectively. Thus, our work paves an appealing way for the sustainable treatment and utilization of nitrate for ammonia fuel production by strategically regulating the electron transfer pathway across the biotic‐abiotic interface.
Establishing a Robust Nonlinear Targeted Switch for C1 Electroproduction in Atomic Alloy Cox/Pd Bimetallenes
Authors: Pei Jiajing , Li Can , Zhang Guikai , Liao Jiangwen , Yu Yue , Wang Ruqi , Wang Ping , Li Ang , An Pengfei , Chu Shengqi , Dong Juncai
Published: October 2024

Establishing a targeted switch for CO2 conversion under electric drive is essential for achieving carbon‐balance by enabling selective chemicals. However, engineering the topological assembly of active sites to precisely regulate the competing pathways for various intermediates has been plagued by unclear structure‐function relationships. To tailor the CO/formate pathways, herein we established a robust nonlinear targeted switch with tunable active Cox sites integrated into Pd metallene, which involves Co1/Pd single‐atom alloy (favoring CO) and Co2/Pd diatomic alloy (favoring formate). Transitioning from Co1/Pd to Co2/Pd atomic alloy bimetallenes resulted in a nonlinear, high‐contrast flip in selectivity, surpassing 94 % for CO and formate productions in both H‐cell and flow cell. Furthermore, the superior selectivity and current efficiency for CO (>80 %) and formate (>88 %) were consistently maintained at −150 mA cm−2 over continuous 200 h. Theoretical simulations and in situ spectroscopy analyses unveiled that appropriate adjacent metal site combinations (Pd−Pd, Pd−Co and Co−Co) lead to tunable dz2 band center and a nonlinear shift in preferred adsorption configurations of intermediates, dictating the C1 pathways. Our finding reveals a desired switch in C1 selectivity and robust stability within Cox/Pd system, providing a new perspective for fine‐tuning energy conversion processes through specific topological assembly.
Switchable Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane as Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter for Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Wen‐Long , Gao Zhiwen , Qu Cheng , Li Xue , Jiang Yefei , Hu Lianrui , Wang Xu‐Qing , Li Meng , Wang Wei , Chen Chuan‐Feng , Yang Hai‐Bo
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the fabrication of circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) with high dissymmetry factors (gEL) and color purity through the employment of novel chiral source, topologically chiral [2]catenanes were first utilized as the key chiral skeleton to construct novel multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters. Impressively, the efficient chirality induction and unique switchable feature of topologically chiral [2]catenane not only lead to a high |gPL| value up to 1.6×10−2 but also facilitate in situ dynamic switching of the full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Furthermore, the solution‐processed CP‐OLEDs based on the resultant topologically chiral emitters exhibit a narrow FWHM of 36 nm, maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.6 %, and CPEL with |gEL| of 2.1×10−3. This study demonstrates the successful construction of the first CP‐MR‐TADF emitters based on topological chirality with the highest |gPL| among the reported CP‐MR‐TADF emitters and excellent device performance to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, it endowed the MR‐TADF emitter with distinctive switchable CPL performances, thus providing a novel design strategy as well as a promising platform for developing intelligent CP‐OLEDs.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol with O2 over Photoinduced Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Rich WO3
Authors: Zhou Wenhui , Wang Xiaoyi , Lin Feng , Xue Sikang , Lin Wei , Hou Yidong , Yu Zhiyang , Anpo Masakazu , Yu Jimmy C. , Zhang Jinshui , Wang Xinchen
Published: October 2024

Direct photocatalytic conversion of benzene to phenol with molecular oxygen (O2) is a green alternative to the traditional synthesis. The key is to find an effective photocatalyst to do the trick. Defect engineering of semiconductors with oxygen vacancies (OVs) is an emerging strategy for catalyst fabrication. OVs can trap electrons to promote charge separation and serving as adsorption sites for O2 activation. However, the randomly distribution of OVs on the semiconductor surface often results in mismatching the charge carrier dynamics under irradiation, thus failing to fulfill the unique advantages of OVs for photoredox functions. Herein, we demonstrate that abundant OVs can be facilely generated and precisely located adjacent to the reductive sites on reducible oxide semiconductors such as tungsten oxide (WO3) via a simple photochemistry strategy. Such photoinduced OVs are well suited for photocatalytic benzene oxidation with O2 as they readily capture photogenerated electrons from the reductive sites of WO3 to activate adsorbed O2. The oxygen‐isotope‐labeling experiments further confirm that the OVs also facilitate the integration of oxygen atoms from O2 into phenol, revealing in detail the pathway for photocatalytic benzene hydroxylation. This study demonstrates that the photochemistry approach is an appealing strategy for the synthesis of high‐performance OVs‐rich photocatalysts for solar‐induced chemical conversion.
Piperazine‐Derived Bisphosphonate‐Based Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Enhance mRNA Delivery to the Bone Microenvironment
Authors: Yoon Il‐Chul , Xue Lulu , Chen Qinyuan , Liu Jingyi , Xu Junchao , Siddiqui Zain , Kim Dongyoon , Chen Bingling , Shi Qiangqiang , Laura Han Emily , Cherry Ruiz Mia , Vining Kyle H. , Mitchell Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Nucleic acid delivery with mRNA lipid nanoparticles are being developed for targeting a wide array of tissues and cell types. However, targeted delivery to the bone microenvironment remains a significant challenge in the field, due in part to low local blood flow and poor interactions between drug carriers and bone material. Here we report bone‐targeting ionizable lipids incorporating a piperazine backbone and bisphosphate moieties, which bind tightly with hydroxyapatite ([Ca5(PO4)3OH]), a key component of mineralized tissues. These lipids demonstrate biocompatibility and low toxicity in both vitro and in vivo studies. LNP formulated with these lipids facilitated efficient cellular transfection and improved binding to hydroxyapatite in vitro, and targeted delivery to the bone microenvironment in vivo following systemic administration. Overall, our findings demonstrate the critical role of the piperazine backbone in a novel ionizable lipid, which incorporates a bisphosphonate group to enable efficient bone‐targeted delivery, highlighting the potential of rational design of ionizable lipids for next‐generation bone‐targeting delivery systems.