bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Distinguishing Metastatic Lymph Nodes from Nonmetastatic Among Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yazdi Seyedeh Nooshin Miratashi , Moradi Sahand Adib , Rasoulighasemlouei Seyedeh Sahel , Parouei Fatemeh , Hashemi Mohamad Ghazanfari
Published: August 2024

Objective The objective of this research was to assess the proficiency of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (QDCE-MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in distinguishing between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes in cases of rectal carcinoma.

Method This meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. Two independent reviewers systematically searched databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The research took place in July 2022, with no restriction on the initial date of publication. For the analysis, we utilized Stata software (version 16.0), Review Manager (version 5.3), and the Open Meta-Analyst computational tool.

Results A total of 19 studies consisting of 1,451 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. The differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph node parameters were significant by using short axis and Ktrans (6.9 ± 4 vs. 5.4 ± 0.5, 0.22 ± 0.1 vs. 0.14 ± 0.1, respectively). Contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) showed 73% sensitivity, 71% specificity, and 79% accuracy in detecting metastatic lymph nodes among rectal cancer patients based on six included studies (n = 530). The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of QDCE-MRI using Ktrans was calculated to be 80, 79, and 80%, respectively. Furthermore, PET-computed tomography (CT) showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 91%, and accuracy of 86% in distinguishing metastatic lymph nodes. Quality utility analysis showed that using CE-MRI, QDCE-MRI, and PET-CT would increase the posttest probability to 69, 73, and 85%, respectively.

Conclusion QDCE-MRI demonstrates a commendable sensitivity and specificity, but slightly overshadowed by the higher specificity of PET-CT at 91%, despite comparable sensitivities. However, the heterogeneity in PET-CT sensitivity across studies and its high specificity indicate variability that can influence clinical decision-making. Thus, combining these imaging techniques and perhaps newer methods like PET/MRI could enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce variability, and improve patient management strategies in rectal cancer.
Berufsbild CNIO: Brücke zwischen Technologie, Pflege und Patient
Authors: Mcknight-Young Kassaundra
Published: August 2024

Mit ihrem klinischen Fachwissen und technischer Expertise optimieren Chief Nursing Informatics Officer (CNIO) die Arbeitsabläufe im Krankenhaus, erhöhen die Patientensicherheit und entlasten die Pflege.
Zirkuläres Bauen: Ein zweites Leben für Fenster und Türen
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: August 2024

In Münster zeigt die St. Franziskus-Stiftung, wie nachhaltiges Bauen geht. Bauteile und Baumaterialien des Bestandsgebäudes werden, soweit möglich, wiederverwendet oder wiederverwertet. Der Neubau erfolgt nach dem Stand der Technik mit Wärmepumpe und Photovoltaikanlage sowie einer Dachbegrünung.
Reinigungsroboter: Marvin bringt Schwung in die Hygiene
Authors: Zenker Karin
Published: August 2024

An der Heinrich-Sommer-Klinik bringt neuerdings der Reinigungsroboter Marvin Effizienz und Erleichterung in den Arbeitsalltag. Der Einsatz macht nicht nur das Reinigungs- und Pflegepersonal glücklich, sondern auch das Management, denn er bringt erhebliche Einsparungen mit sich.
Potentially overlooked high post-shock temperatures in dynamic compression experiments
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: August 2024

An unexpectedly high amount of energy in shock experiments is converted to thermal energy, challenging the common understanding of shock release as an isentropic process
Mitochondrial genome copy number variation across tissues in mice and humans
Authors: Rath Sneha P. , Gupta Rahul , Todres Ellen , Wang Hong , Jourdain Alexis A. , Ardlie Kristin G. , Calvo Sarah E. , Mootha Vamsi K.
Published: August 2024

The mammalian mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is multicopy and its copy number (mtCN) varies widely across tissues, in development and in disease. Here, we systematically catalog this variation by assaying mtCN in 52 human tissues across 952 donors (10,499 samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project) and 20 murine tissues using qPCR, capturing 50- and 200-fold variation, respectively. We also estimate per cell mtCN across 173 human cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia using whole-genome sequencing data and observe >50-fold variation. We then leverage the vast amount of genomics data available for these repositories to credential our resource and uncover mtDNA-related biology. Using already existing proteomics data, we show that variation in mtCN can be predicted by variation in TFAM, histone, and mitochondrial ribosome protein abundance. We also integrate mtCN estimates with the CRISPR gene dependency measurements to find that cell lines with high mtCN are resistant to loss of GPX4, a glutathione phospholipid hydroperoxidase. Our resource captures variation in mtCN across mammalian tissues and should be broadly useful to the research community.
A multi-orbital Hund’s rules-based ionic Hamiltonian for transition metal atoms: high-order equation of motion method approach and Kondo resonances
Authors: Goldberg E C , Tacca M S , Flores F
Published: August 2024

A multi-orbital ionic Hamiltonian is presented to analyze the many-body properties of the d-transition metal atoms. This Hamiltonian considers all the atomic states obeying the first Hund’s rule and also includes all orbital degeneracy, as well as the interaction of the atom with a metal. We analyze the solution of this ionic Hamiltonian by means of the equation of Motion method up to the fourth order, V
4, in the atom-metal interaction. Equations for the appropriate Green-functions for analyzing the chemical and transport properties of the system are given for different atom occupancies. In particular, we introduce a full analysis of the multi-orbital Hamiltonian including atomic configurations with N, N + 1 and N − 1 electrons, and discuss its Kondo properties. The shells d
1, d
2 and d
3 are analyzed in detail and Kondo energies are deduced in all these cases showing good agreement with the conventional known results.
Negative thermal expansion in hexagonal VF3 predicted by first-principles calculation
Authors: Yang Dingfeng , Xia Hongxu , Tang Yurou , Pi Mingyu , Li Yuanyuan
Published: August 2024

Searching negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials is challenging. Herein, hexagonal VF3 is predicted as a new NTE material for the first time. VF3 displays NTE property in the temperature range from 0 to 380 K, and the minimum NTE coefficient(α) is approximately −4.68 × 10−6 K−1 at 120 K. The NTE mechanism was ascribed to the vibrations of F atom with larger atomic displacement parameters, which dominates the negative Grüneisen parameters. The difference of minimum NTE coefficient between VF3 and TiF3 might be caused by their different chemical bond strength between Ti–F and V–F. This research provides a deeper understanding between NTE and crystal structure.
Exact non-Hermitian mobility edges and robust flat bands in two-dimensional Lieb lattices with imaginary quasiperiodic potentials
Authors: Jiang Xiang-Ping , Zeng Weilei , Hu Yayun , Liu Peng
Published: August 2024

The mobility edge (ME) is a critical energy delineates the boundary between extended and localized states within the energy spectrum, and it plays a crucial role in understanding the metal–insulator transition in disordered or quasiperiodic systems. While there have been extensive studies on MEs in one-dimensional non-Hermitian (NH) quasiperiodic lattices recently, the investigation of exact NH MEs in two-dimensional (2D) cases remains rare. In the present study, we introduce a 2D dissipative Lieb lattice (DLL) model with imaginary quasiperiodic potentials applied solely to the vertices of the Lieb lattice. By mapping this DLL model to the 2D NH Aubry–André–Harper model, we analytically derive the exact ME and find it associated with the absolute eigenenergies. We find that the eigenvalues of extended states are purely imaginary when the quasiperiodic potential is strong enough. Additionally, we demonstrate that the introduction of imaginary quasiperiodic potentials does not disrupt the flat bands inherent in the system. Finally, we propose a theoretical framework for realizing our model using the Lindblad master equation. Our results pave the way for further investigation of exact NH MEs and flat bands in 2D dissipative quasiperiodic systems.
Optimizing network insights: AI-Driven approaches to circulant graph based on Laplacian spectra
Authors: Raza Ali , Munir Muhammad Mobeen , Hussain Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The study of Laplacian and signless Laplacian spectra extends across various fields, including theoretical chemistry, computer science, electrical networks, and complex networks, providing critical insights into the structures of real-world networks and enabling the prediction of their structural properties. A key aspect of this study is the spectrum-based analysis of circulant graphs. Through these analyses, important network measures such as mean-first passage time, average path length, spanning trees, and spectral radius are derived. This research enhances our understanding of the relationship between graph spectra and network characteristics, offering a comprehensive perspective on complex networks. Consequently, it supports the ability to make predictions and conduct analyses across a wide range of scientific disciplines.
Retarded and advanced Green functions for first-order differential equations
Authors: Soares de Castro Antonio
Published: August 2024

Retarded and advanced Green functions are examined through the lens of linear first-order ordinary differential equations. They are constructed for a finite interval with emphasis on the imposition of homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions at the interval ends. It is shown that both types of Green functions exhibit the property of facilitating solutions.
Analytical modeling of contact resistance and recombination for silicon heterojunction solar cells using hybrid carrier selective passivating contacts
Authors: Bilal Bisma , Najeeb-ud-Din Hakim
Published: August 2024

Silicon heterojunction solar cells using Carrier Selective Passivating Contacts (CSPC) are the potential contenders for high efficiency next generation photovoltaics. Besides numerical simulations, the mathematical analysis of parameters affecting the performance of these cells is gaining considerable attention. In this work, the factors affecting the selectivity of silicon heterojunction solar cell using Hybrid Carrier Selective Passivating Contacts (H-CSPC) are investigated. This includes the evaluation of contact resistance and recombinations in the device. The contact resistance is analyzed in terms of partial resistances wherein an equivalent resistance model for the cell using H-CSPC is devised and resistances are inspected using quasi fermi level collapse over the contacts. The selectivity of the cell at each contact is examined and the condition for maximum selectivity is derived. Further, the recombinations in different regions of the cell using H-CSPC are analyzed. The recombinations at the TiO2/c-Silicon interface strongly deteriorate the V

oc
of the cell which is quantified using an analytical model under interface defect constraints and the results obtained are compared with simulations.
Magnetohydrodynamics Marangoni boundary-layer copper/water nanofluid flow driven by surface temperature gradient over a rotating disk
Authors: Lin Yanhai , Cao Luqi , Tan Zhen , Tan Wenchang
Published: August 2024

Marangoni driving problem is very important in many practical science engineering, such as semiconductor industry, crystal growth, aerospace, material synthesis. Consider these applications, this work we investigate Marangoni boundary-layer Copper/Water nanofluid driven by the surface temperature gradient over a rotating disk in the presence of magnetic field. Buongiorno model of nanofluids, which contains two important terms, thermophoresis and Brownian motion, are taken into account. Rotating disk model is established, also a suitable Kármán transformation and the multi-shooting technique are applied. Graphical discussion include free stream concentration, rotating speed, magnetic field, Marangoni driving, thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The results show that rotating speed inertia and Marangoni driving force tend to reduce temperature/concentration and thickness of thermal/mass boundary layer, while free stream concentration and magnetic field raise up. Meanwhile, Prandtl number tends to reduce temperature, while thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion raise up, and Schmidt number has little influence on temperature, and Schmidt number and Brownian diffusion tend to reduce concentration, while thermophoresis raises up, and Prandtl number has an important influence on concentration. For most selected values of physical parameters, as the nanofluid far away from the disk, the local temperature decreases directly, and the local concentration firstly increases to a peak and then decreases to zero.
DNA dynamic coding image encryption algorithm with a meminductor chaotic system
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Huang Wenqi , Wang Zian , Wang Junwei , Chen Kairui
Published: August 2024

With the acceleration of information technology development, the protection of information security becomes increasingly critical. Images, as extensively used multimedia tools, encounter serious challenges in safeguarding sensitive data, including personal privacy and business confidentiality. This research presents a novel algorithm for color image encryption, that combines a meminductor chaotic system and DNA encoding cross-coupling operations to enhance image security and effectively prevent unauthorized access and decryption. Initially, this paper designs an equivalent circuit model for the Meminductor and constructs the corresponding chaotic system, followed by an in-depth analysis of its nonlinear dynamic characteristics. Then, artificial neuron is employed to perturb the original chaotic sequence generated by the system, resulting in a highly random mixed sequence. The original image is then subjected to rearrangement and encoding through Arnold transformation and dynamic DNA encoding techniques. Additionally, this research introduces a DNA encoding cross-coupling operation method that operates at the block level of pixels to diffuse and confuse image data, enhancing the complexity of the image encryption algorithm. Finally, a dynamic decoding technique is employed to decode the encoded image, yielding the encrypted result. Experimental results show that the algorithm is capable of providing larger key space and higher complexity in image encryption applications, and is able to withstand various types of attacks.
A numerical approach to levitated superconductors and its application to a superconducting cylinder in a quadrupole field
Authors: Hofer J
Published: August 2024

Magnetically levitated superconductors in the Meissner state can be utilized as micro-mechanical oscillators with large mass, high quality factors and long coherence times. In previous works analytical solutions for the magnetic field distribution around a superconducting sphere in a quadrupole field have been found and used to derive the trap parameters, while non-spherical geometries have only been investigated in a few idealized cases. However, superconductors of almost arbitrary shape can be used as levitators in a magnetic trap and, as the trap’s properties depend strongly on the superconductor’s shape, allow for a wider parameter regime to be accessed. Finite element models are suitable to obtain the field distribution around arbitrarily shaped superconductors in arbitrary fields, but have not yet been used widely in the context of levitated superconductors. Here we present a simple numerical model for this purpose and use it to calculate the field distribution around cylindrical superconductors in a quadrupole field and to evaluate the trap parameters. We find that the cylindrical shape, compared to spherical levitators, allows for substantially higher trap frequencies and coupling strengths. This in turn reduces the demands on vibration isolation and significantly eases the requirements for feedback cooling to the ground state. The numerical model is provided in a file repository and can easily be adapted to various geometries and trap fields.
Micromagnetic study of exchange bias effect in sub-micron dots of Co2MnSi interfaced with uncompensated IrMn
Authors: Perarasan T , Arunachalam Harish Nanda , Chandramohan S , Tripathi Jitendra Kumar , Sinha Jaivardhan
Published: August 2024

Owing to its crucial role in spintronics devices, the exchange bias (EB) phenomenon has been extensively investigated in various ferromagnet (FM) and antiferromagnet (AFM) bilayers since its discovery in Co/CoO core–shell nanoparticles. In this study, we present the emergence of negative EB for the first time in the Co2MnSi Heusler alloy interfacing with an uncompensated AFM, exhibiting analogous anisotropy to the IrMn. Due to the high pinning and IrMn anisotropy values, EB is stronger here. Investigation into the influence of ferromagnetic layer thickness (tFM) on exchange bias reveals an inverse relationship, while coercivity displays a non-monotonic increase. The analysis of spin canting angles suggests the presence of a maximum canting angle in the Co2MnSi layer close to the interface. We thoroughly analyze the spin configurations at the interface as well as away from it in the Co2MnSi (25 nm)/IrMn (5 nm) bilayer to better understand the mechanism of magnetization reversal. Interestingly, our findings unveiled distinct spin behaviors for the first and second reversals. In cases of small AFM thicknesses (tAFM), the exchange field is proportionate to the tAFM, contrasting with large tAFM, where it scales as 1/tAFM. Notably, coercivity demonstrates an increasing behavior across all tAFM variations. The angular dependence of the Heusler alloy revealed a four-fold symmetry indicative of cubic anisotropy and a two-fold symmetry representative of uniaxial anisotropy. The angular dependency study of exchange bias indicated similar clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotations, with cos (θ) unidirectional dependence. However, loop shifting revealed that the lower pinning ability at 0° was due to a low Meiklejohn-Bean parameter (R) value. Additionally, through the manipulation of the R-parameter, we can tune the magnitude of the coercive field and EB. All these results are crucial for the utilization of the Co2MnSi/IrMn heterostructures for various applications in spintronics-based devices.
Optimizing novel perovskite Mg3AsBr3 through uniaxial stress: a comprehensive study of its potential in solar and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Chahar Sonia , Malan Chakshu , Mishra Krishna Kumar , Sharma Rajnish
Published: August 2024

This study presents a detailed investigation into optimizing the novel perovskite Mg3AsBr3 through uniaxial stress for enhanced performance in solar and optoelectronic applications. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we examined its structural, electronic, and optical properties under uniaxial stress from 0.5 to 5.0 GPa. Key findings include the tuning of the material’s bandgap from 1.485 eV (without stress) to an optimized range closer to 1.13581 eV under 5.0 GPa, demonstrating potential for improved solar cell efficiency. Our findings reveal a nuanced response of the material’s absorption coefficients at critical energies of 2.92 eV and 4.0 eV, where a descending trend with increasing pressure was observed, indicating a plateau at 1.5 GPa and an anomalous increase at 2.5 GPa. This behavior underscores the significance of stress between 2.5 GPa to 5.0 GPa in tailoring the optical responses essential for enhancing solar absorption efficiency in the ultraviolet to visible light range (300–800 nm). Notably, the dielectric constant increased gradually with stress, peaking at 6.003 under 0.5 GPa and slightly diminishing at 5.0 GPa, suggesting enhanced polarization and intrinsic response to electric fields under mechanical stress. Our research highlights the potential of stress engineering in optimizing perovskite materials for renewable energy applications, offering a pathway to high-efficiency, low-cost solar cells.
The interaction between filaments in dielectric barrier discharge excited by bipolar/unipolar nanosecond pulse powers
Authors: Fan Zhihui , Hou Jiaxun , Shan Ruikang , Yan Huijie , Wang Weiwei , Shi Ruili , Zhao Zhi , Liu Feng
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the behavior of discharge filaments in dielectric barrier discharges with a focus on the effects of nanosecond pulse voltage polarity. We observed significant repulsion between discharge filaments when the pin electrode was grounded in bipolar nanosecond pulse discharge. The tilt angle of the filaments was directly proportional to the peak current, which is indicative of charge density. When the bare pin electrode acted as an H.V. electrode, the repulsion phenomenon was diminished. Surface charges released through the bare pin electrode instead of accumulated on the dielectric surface accounts for this phenomenon. The study also highlights the impact of bipolar versus unipolar nanosecond pulse powers. The addition of a water resistor (WR) results in a slower falling edge of the pulse voltage and the absence of subsequent reverse discharges. The repulsion between filaments disappears both in pin-to-ground discharge and pin-to-H.V. discharge. The introduction of WR leads to a reduction of the current pulse’s duration and a premature termination of the discharge process, resulting the influence of surface charges on filament positioning negligible. It is hypothesized that the spatial distribution of ions does not exhibit significant repulsion, attributed to their substantial mass and sparse distribution in space.
Charge density wave transition and unusual resistance hysteresis in vanadium disulfide (1T-VS2) microflakes
Authors: Pal Samanta , Majhi Parushottam , Sau Jyotirmoy , Masanta Suvadip , Pal Prabir , Kumar Manoranjan , Singha Achintya , Babu P D , Ghosh Barnali , Raychaudhuri A K
Published: August 2024

We report existence of charge density wave (CDW) transition with unusual resistivity hysteresis in stable micro-flakes of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) vanadium disulfide (1T-VS2) as ascertained by structural studies, Raman spectroscopy, heat capacity, resistivity measurements and supported by phonon calculations based on density functional theory. The CDW transition occurs at around 296 K on cooling and manifests itself by the onset of resistivity with a negative temperature coefficient, which we identify as the transition temperature (TCDW). The transition is identified by a distinct peak in the heat capacity at T ≈ T

CDW
along with anomalies in temperature variation of the lattice parameters and complimentary signatures in electron diffraction and temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements done with different ramp rates of cooling and heating show strong hysteresis and a low temperature relaxation pointing to the existence of metastable states below the transition. The Raman spectroscopy data show a hysteresis loop below the onset of the CDW transition. The phonon band structure calculations carried out on the 1T-VS2 system show the existence of the phonon mode softening along the diagonal of the Brillouin zone, which is pronounced near the transition temperature implying the prominent role of the mode softening as a driver of the transition. The results imply that the formation of CDW is sensitive to phonon mode softening rather than energy gap opening at the Fermi level.
Exact chirped solutions and chaotic behaviors of the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-Kerr nonlinear terms and cubic-quintic-septic nonlinearities
Authors: Li Guangjin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we obtain the exact chirped solutions and corresponding nonlinear chirps of the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-Kerr nonlinear terms and cubic-quintic-septic nonlinearities based on the trial equation method and the complete discrimination system for polynomial. Specifically, we systematically solve all exact chirped solutions of the equation in its general form. Moreover, we discuss the chaotic behaviors of the model while considering the external perturbation terms.
Spatial electron-spin splitting in single-layered semiconductor microstructure modulated by Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Chen 陈 Jia-Li 嘉丽 , Chen 陈 Sai-Yan 赛艳 , Wen 温 Li 丽 , Cao 曹 Xue-Li 雪丽 , Lu 卢 Mao-Wang 卯旺
Published: August 2024

Combining theory and computation, we explore the Goos–Hänchen (GH) effect for electrons in a single-layered semiconductor microstructure (SLSM) modulated by Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling (SOC). GH displacement depends on electron spins thanks to Dresselhaus SOC, therefore electron spins can be separated from the space domain and spin-polarized electrons in semiconductors can be realized. Both the magnitude and sign of the spin polarization ratio change with the electron energy, in-plane wave vector, strain engineering and semiconductor layer thickness. The spin polarization ratio approaches a maximum at resonance; however, no electron-spin polarization occurs in the SLSM for a zero in-plane wave vector. More importantly, the spin polarization ratio can be manipulated by strain engineering or semiconductor layer thickness, giving rise to a controllable spatial electron-spin splitter in the field of semiconductor spintronics.
Control of a solid fuel rocket using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Carrillo Abel , Gutíerrez-Frías O , Mata Félix
Published: August 2024

This work is about the application of a trajectory control system for a solid-fueled sounding rocket using Neural Networks. The first part consisted of searching for a mathematical model that described the rocket’s behavior in space as accurately as possible. After this, the LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) methodology was used to find the control gains ’k’ for subsequent use. Trajectories are proposed for servo motor tracking, to be able to follow a proposed path in the x-z plane.
Computer Vision Implementation in Computerized Telescope as a Fine Pointing Mechanism
Authors: Medina I. , Lucena A. J. , Castillo M. , Domínguez L. G.
Published: August 2024

Optical satellite communication researches have been increasing in recent years. The continuous miniaturization of components, as well as the need for higher bandwidths, has led to higher frequency applications and narrower beams. For these technologies to work properly, it is needed to achieve a precise line-of-sight between transmitters and receivers, thus a strict pointing system. This research shows the use of computer vision as a microradian fine pointing mechanism to achieve the tracking and detection of objects in distances of around 300 m. As a demonstration of the computer vision algorithm, a drone is tracked and correctly detected by a computer, using a computerized telescope as the optical ground station.
Homomorphic encryption of the k=2 Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm
Authors: Fernández Pablo , Martin-Delgado Miguel A
Published: August 2024

We introduce a class of circuits that solve a particular case of the Bernstein–Vazirani recursive problem for second-level recursion. This class of circuits allows for the implementation of the oracle using a number of T-gates that grows linearly with the number of qubits in the problem. We find an application of this scheme to quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE), which is an important cryptographic technology useful for delegated quantum computing, allowing a remote server to perform quantum computations on encrypted quantum data, so that the server cannot know anything about the client’s data. Liang’s QHE schemes are suitable for circuits with a polynomial number of gates

T

/

T

†

. Thus, the simplified circuits we have constructed can be evaluated homomorphically in an efficient manner.
Strategy to increase melon (Cucumis melo L.) growth and yield hydroponically with types of installation and number of fruit per plant in the greenhouse
Authors: Syah R F , Parwati W D U , Sinambela G P
Published: August 2024

Hydroponic cultivation was a modern technology in the field of agriculture, especially horticultural crops. Planting premium melons using a hydroponic system was clearly more profitable, compared to growing melons conventionally. In terms of price or also in terms of care and market share, hydroponic melons were far superior. This research was to determine the growth and yield of hydroponic melons in various installations with different numbers of fruit. This research used a factorial experimental method, in a Randomized Completely Block Design. The first factor was the type of installation which consisted of 3 levels: drip irrigation (T1), Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) (T2), and floating raft (T3). The second factor was the number of fruit per plant consisting of 3 levels: 1 fruit (B1), 2 pieces (B2), and 3 pieces (B3). Results showed that there was a real interaction between the type of installation and the number of fruits per plant in the parameters; fresh weight (618.6 g), dry weight (90.0 g), and fruit sweetness level (13.8 brix). The treatment of installation types had a significantly different effect on the parameters of plant height, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. Hydroponic melon cultivation with one fruit per plant was the best for the number of leaves, fresh weight, fruit brix, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. Drip irrigation with one fruit per plant was recommendable.
Yield, milling quality, rice quality and preferences of superior and specific location rice varieties
Authors: Yustina I , Rachmawati D , Aziz F N , Setiasih  , Nirmalasari S , Baswarsiati
Published: August 2024

Grain and rice characteristics are a description of the post-harvest quality of rice which is a consideration for farmers, traders, and consumers in choosing rice to be developed and consumed. This study aims to determine the yield, milling quality, rice quality and preference of 5 rice varieties in Indonesia, they were Inpari 32 HDB, Inpari 42 Agritan GSR, Inpari 45 Dirgahayu, Pamelen and Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. The study used a non-factorial Randomized Group Design, rice varieties as treatments, 5 replications. Rice was harvested using 2 methods, namely sickle (manual harvesting) and combine harvester. Determination of Milling Quality, rough rice was milled using a mini electric grain whitener LTJM-2008 then measured the percentage of hulled rice, unhulled rice, bran, and husk. Determination of rice quality, 25 grams of rice samples were sorted manually and measured the percentage of head rice, broken, groats and damaged then determined the grade of rice based on SNI 6128: 2015. The results showed that the rice yield manually and using a combine harvester was different from the potential yield. The milling quality and rice quality of each variety were significantly different (p=0.05%). Rice quality classification based on SNI 6128:2015 shows that Inpari 42 Agritan GSR and Inpari IR Nutri Zinc was included in Medium I, pamelen and Inpari 32 HDB were included in Medium II, and Inpari 45 Dirgahayu was under Medium III. Inpari 32 HDB was the rice variety with the highest preference.
Whey edible film enhanced with ginger essential oil: characterization and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Pratiwi D , Saputri R A , Setiyawan A I
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial edible films made from whey and ginger essential oil extend the shelf life of packed goods by reducing, preventing, or delaying the growth of germs that may be found in the packaging of food or materials. This research aims to develop a film using whey and ginger essential oil film, focusing on properties such as thickness, solubility, elongation, tensile strength, water vapor transfer rate (WVTR), microstructure, color measurement, and antibacterial properties of ginger essential oil, and its ability to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms. An experimental study was conducted to analyze the physical and antibacterial characteristic of edible film, utilizing a randomized design with four different treatments. The film was made with 7% whey protein concentrate (WPC), 0.28% tapioca starch, and various amount of ginger essential oil (C0: 0% ginger essential oil, C1: 0.1% ginger essential oil, C2: 0.3% ginger essential oil, C3: 0.5% ginger essential oil). The concentration of ginger essential oil affected the tensile strength, WVTR, and microbial inhibitory action. Based on all characteristics, the optimal treatment is 0.5% GEO concentration, with a thickness of 0.12 ± 0.01 mm, solubility 3.67 ± 0.58%, elongation of 4.35 ± 0.66 %, tensile strength of 2.72 ± 0.38N, WVTR 14.67 ± 0.33 g/m2.day−1 and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus inhibition. According to the findings, including ginger essential oil can potentially increase the antibacterial characteristics of whey edible film composites.
Exploring the potential of dwarf coconut: physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of several coconut varieties
Authors: Wungkana J , Son R H , Jonathan S R , Indrata M , Liwu S L , Muzaiyanah S , Rindengan B
Published: August 2024

Dwarf coconut has not been widely used in many products as much as the tall varieties. In this research, dwarf coconut water was the subject of the research to elevate its economic value. Four different varieties of coconut, namely Nias Yellow Dwarf (NWD), Mapanget Tall (MT), Tebing Tinggi Dwarf (TTD), and Khina, were evaluated for their 9-month-old fruits regarding their physical characteristics, water volume, pH, Brix, and sensory evaluation. Overall, there were several attribute differences among those varieties, especially, between tall and dwarf coconuts. NYD and Khina have the highest overall likeness rating for their water. They were also highly rated for their sweetness attribute which could be provided by the relatively high content of sugar and amino acids in the waters. Nonetheless, the meats of all coconuts scored a medium rating in all attributes. In conclusion, NYD and Khina were recommended to be used in coconut water drink production. These findings may benefit coconut-based-beverage producer by giving unique characteristics to their product.
The physical characteristics of jelly drink bay leaf water extract with guava juice combination
Authors: Putri S , Marliyati S A , Setiawan B , Rimbawan R
Published: August 2024

Developing a jelly drink with bay leaf water extract with guava juice combined with konjac glucomannan can improve the physical characteristics of the jelly drink. This study compared the physical properties of the guava juice and bay leaf water extract jelly drink in terms of color, total soluble solids, and viscosity. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to design the study as a completely randomized design (CRD), and the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was then conducted. The treatment comprises of two repetitions divided into three groups, each with a ratio of 25:75 (P1), 50:50 (P2), and 75:25 (P3) for the combination of guava juice and bay leaf water extract. The results showed that the physical characteristics (color (a*, b*, C*, and h*), viscosity, and total soluble solids) were significantly different (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, the proportion of bay leaf water extract and guava juice significantly influenced the physical characteristics of the jelly drink. Therefore, the jelly drink bay leaf water extract guava juice combination has a good potential for incorporation into functional drinks.
Characteristics of Indonesian traditional food “Ayam Taliwang” and “Sate Rembiga” packed by retort process: F0 - value, metal contamination and microbial analysis
Authors: Nurhikmat A , Kusumaningrum A , Amdani R Z , Siswanto N , Kobarsih M , Dameswari A H , Siswoprayogi
Published: August 2024

“Ayam Taliwang” and “Sate Rembiga” are traditional foods from Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia with meat-based ingredients and have a short shelf life. In this study, the packaging of ready-to-eat food products with a retort process to increase shelf life was explored. The main objective of this study was to identify the packaging results of Indonesian traditional food “Ayam Taliwang” and “Sate Rembiga” by retort process, including parameters of Lethality value (F0 -value), metal contamination and microbial analysis. The procedure of this study was that the food samples were packed in aluminum foil, then vacuum sealed and processed in a retort. The retort processing temperature and time used were 121°C and 20 minutes. The results showed that the F0-value for “Ayam Taliwang” was 19.62 minutes, while the F0-value for “Sate Rembiga” was 30.32 minutes. Metal contamination test results for “Ayam Taliwang” showed that Plumbum (Pb) was 0.531 ppm, Cadmium (Cd) 0.0047 ppm and Arsenic (As) 0.0317 ppm, while Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Sn) were not detected. The metal contamination test for “Sate Rembiga” was Cd 0.0013 ppm, As 0.0104 ppm and Sn 1.1621 ppm, while Pb and Hg were not detected. Microbial contamination test results for “Ayam Taliwang” showed that Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens were 10 colonies/gr, Enterobateriaceae were 10 colonies/gr, while Salmonella and Lysteria monocytegens were negative. “Sate Rembiga”, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens were found at 102 colonies/gr, while Enterobateriaceae, Salmonella and Lysteria monocytegens were negative. Therefore, ready-to-eat “Ayam Taliwang” and “Sate Rembiga” meet the requirements for distribution using the retort process.
Partial purification and pectinase activity of lactic acid bacteria and pectinolytic bacteria consortium
Authors: Purwanto E H , Frediansyah A , Fitrianto N , Palindung L S , Marwati T , Santoso T J , Susilawati L , Khodija S , Rachmawati F , Wibowo N A
Published: August 2024

Pectinase is an enzyme that can degrade pectin and often applied to the food industry. Microbes predominantly produce pectinases. This study aims to obtain the partial pectinase enzyme activity of bacteria from Liberica coffee fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates and pectinolytic bacteria were tested qualitatively to determine their pectinolytic activity. The highest pectinolytic activity will be used as a consortium. Optimal growth of lactic acid bacteria consortium and pectinolytic bacteria consortium incubation results were centrifuged to obtain enzyme extracts. The pectinase enzyme extract was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Based on the analysis, the qualitative index of pectinolytic lactic acid bacteria with isolate code BAL 1, BAL 2, and BAL 3 was 3,62%, 5,17%, and 7,27%, respectively. In pectinolytic bacteria, the qualitative index of pectinolytic with isolate codes IF, 2C, and 3S was 14.56%, 6.26%, 6.74%. Precipitation 70% ammonium sulfate has the highest enzyme-specific activity.
Characteristics of antioxidant activity of functional drinks from kebo rubber leaf extract and lemongrass extract
Authors: Oktavianty H , Darmawan A S , Keviana A
Published: August 2024

The rubber plant (Ficus Elastica L.) is an ornamental plant that is rarely used for consumption. This research aims to determine the characteristics of the antioxidant activity of functional drinks from rubber leaf extract and lemongrass extract. The research method used the Randomized Complete Block with two factors i.e., the ratio of rubber leaf extract and lemongrass extract (70%:30% w/w; 50%:50% w/w; 30%:70% w/w), and the ratio of stevia solution and sugar solution (0:100%; 50%:50%; 100%:0), that had 2 repetitions and resulted in 18 samples of experimental. Then the results were tested its antioxidant activities using the DPPH method and tannin analysis. The best result for antioxidant activity was obtained by the H1T3 sample with an IC50 value is 12.41 ppm, flavonoid content is 10.99% and tannin content is 2.86%. From the parameter results, the functional drinks of rubber leaf extract and lemongrass extract have the potential to contain a very strong antioxidant activity.
Effect of aqueous extraction method on total water-soluble polysaccharides content and phytochemical properties of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Rosyida V T , Hayati S N , Wiyono T , Darsih C , Ratih D
Published: August 2024

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an important raw material for nutraceuticals because it contains various bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, vitamins, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and sterols. P. ostreatus mushroom polysaccharides possess diverse biological activities (antioxidant, hyperglycemic effects, and immunomodulatory). The extraction process impacts the yield, affecting the biological function of natural active ingredients. In this study, aqueous extraction methods, i.e., ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and kinetic-assisted hot extraction (KAHE), were applied to investigate the impact of extraction methods on polysaccharides crude extract from the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus mushroom and their phytochemical properties. Water-soluble polysaccharides content, total polyphenolic content, total terpenoid content, and antioxidant level were analyzed using the spectrophotometric method by phenol-sulfuric acid, Follin-Ciocalteau’s reagent, vanillin-perchloric acid, and 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, respectively. After the extraction process, the morphological alterations on the surface of mushroom residues were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The investigation has shown that aqueous extraction methods significantly affect the yields of polysaccharides crude extract and other phytochemical properties, i.e., total phenolic content, terpenoid content, and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The sample from MAE had the highest total water-soluble polysaccharide content (61,73±1,35% w/w DW) and the highest total phenolic content (3,44±0,75 %w/w DW). MAE method has the best potential and efficiency compared to UAE and KAHE for extracting polysaccharides while maintaining their phytochemical properties.
Effect of hempseed products on growth performance, carcass yield, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids in broiler: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sopian Y , Sivapirunthep P , Chaosap C
Published: August 2024

Hempseed is the edible fruit of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, potentially serving as feed ingredients in broiler production due to its high nutritional value. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of hempseed products (seeds, cakes, or oils) on body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield (CY), and fatty acid (FA) composition (ω-3 and ω-6) in broiler chicken. Ten eligible publications were retrieved from Google Scholar and Scopus databases for the meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used for data analysis in OpenMEE software. Results were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) at 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results show that dietary hempseed products increased ω-3 FA (SMD = 1.107; P<0.05) and ω-6 FA (SMD = 0.987; P<0.01) but reduced BW (SMD = -0.403; P<0.05) and FI (SMD = -0.470; P<0.05) compared to the controls. On the other hand, CY (SMD = 0.053; P>0.05) and FCR (SMD = 0.046; P>0.05) were not significantly influenced by hempseed product supplementation. Subgroup analysis revealed that hempseed oil reduced BW (SMD = -1.041; P<0.05) and FCR (SMD = -0.797; P<0.05) but enhanced both ω-3 FA (SMD = 2.372; P<0.01) and ω-6 FA composition (SMD = 1.630; P<0.01). There were no adverse effects of hempseed and hempseed cake on BW (P>0.05), but a higher FCR (SMD = 0.658; P<0.05) was obtained on broilers fed with hempseed. Moreover, dietary hempseed and hempseed cake also increased ω-3 FA (SMD = 0.952; P<0.05) and ω-6 FA composition (SMD = 1.107; P<0.01), respectively. This study concluded that dietary hempseed products had beneficial effects on the fatty acid composition of meat. However, its effect on growth performance should be considered.
Physicochemical and organoleptic changes in goat’s milk cheddar cheese with the addition of Lactobacillus casei as a starter during ripening
Authors: Amaniyah M , Royanta Y , Baktian F M , Prayitno S S
Published: August 2024

The fermentation process using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in cheese manufacturing plays important roles to enhance the nutritional content of cheese. This study aims to observe the effect of the addition of Lactobacillus casei in goat’s milk cheese manufacturing. Changes in physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics were observed during cheese ripening. Cheese was made using 8% of L. casei as starter and its changes were observed for 8 weeks of ripening. The results showed that the acidification process in cheese by L. casei resulted in a yield value of 10.85%. The ripening period affects significant changes in physical and chemical indicators, except for pH. Observations during cheese ripening from the 4th to the 8th week indicate that pH tends to stabilize at pH 5, protein increases by approximately 16%, and the decrease in moisture and fat content was by 18% and 15%, respectively. The best quality of cheese was obtained by 8 weeks of ripening. After 8 weeks of ripening, the cheese was yellow in color, has a hard texture with cheesy aroma, sour taste, and contains approximately 1.8 × 106 CFU/ml of LAB. The study of LAB application in goat’s milk cheddar cheese will provide an innovation in cheese production.
Isolation and screening of actinomycetes producing antimicrobial substances from Pulau Seribu
Authors: Sunaryanto R , Pramisandi A , Rudiyono  , Putra I G E P , Frediansyah A , Damayanti E , Basuki W , Achnafani D , Andriana Y , Fitrianto N , Mustofa
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is a maritime country with a water area of up to 75%. Microorganisms have a relatively high level of biodiversity, but their potential has yet to be thoroughly explored. The need for raw materials for medicines, especially antibiotics, continues to grow along with the population’s development and increasing antibiotic resistance. Exploration of new drugs (drug discovery) continues to be carried out to obtain lead compounds for developing new drugs. Antimicrobial compounds produced by actinomycetes have been isolated and screened. Actinomycetes isolation was taken from several marine snail samples in Pulau Seribu, Jakarta, Indonesia. The isolation was obtained from 32 actinomycetes isolates. The bioassay results on the 4 test bacteria were five isolates showed antibacterial activity. Isolates ACT134, ACT135, and ACT137 active against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolate ACT129 and ACT139 active against Staphylococcus aureus. Isolate ACT134 showed the isolates with the most potent inhibitory activity. Identification using 16S rRNA revealed that isolate ACT134 was Streptomyces rubiginosohelvolus, isolate ACT135 was Streptomyces bikiniensis, isolate 129 was Streptomyces albogriseolus, isolate ACT137 was Streptomyces enissocaesilis, and isolate ACT139 was Streptomyces griseorubens.