bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alveolar Bone Regeneration by Transplantation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Bone Marrow Stem Cells in a Canine Peri‐Implant Defect Model: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Su‐Hwan , Kim Kyoung‐Hwa , Seo Byoung‐Moo , Koo Ki‐Tae , Kim Tae‐Il , Seol Yang‐Jo , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Chung Chong‐Pyoung , Lee Yong‐Moo
Published: November 2009

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow SCs (BMSCs) on alveolar bone regeneration in a canine peri‐implant defect model.

Methods: Four adult, male beagle dogs were used in this study. Autologous BMSCs from the iliac crests and PDLSCs from extracted teeth were cultured. Three months after extraction, BMSC‐ and PDLSC‐loaded hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) (test groups) and cell‐free HA/TCP (control group) were implanted in three rectangular, saddle‐like peri‐implant defects, respectively. The left side of the mandible was initially prepared, and after 8 weeks, the right side was also prepared. The animals were sacrificed after an 8‐week healing period. Undecalcified ground sections were prepared. New bone formation and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) were measured histomorphometrically. BMSCs and PDLSCs were fluorescently labeled and traced.

Results: Alveolar bone regeneration in surgically created peri‐implant saddle‐like defects was more effective in test groups than the control group. The BMSC group had the highest new bone formation (34.99% and 40.17% at healing times of 8 and 16 weeks, respectively) followed by the PDLSC group (31.90% and 36.51%) and control group (23.13% and 28.36%), respectively. Test groups exhibited a significantly higher new bone formation than the control group at 8 weeks, but the same was true for only the BMSC group at 16 weeks (P <0.05). Fluorescently labeled cells were identified adjacent to HA/TCP carriers and, partly, near connective tissues and osteoids.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using stem cell–mediated bone regeneration to treat peri‐implant defects.
Letter to the Editor: Re: “Clinical Evaluation of a Modified Coronally Advanced Flap Alone or in Combination With a Platelet‐Rich Fibrin Membrane for the Treatment of Adjacent Multiple Gingival Recessions: A 6‐Month Study”
Authors: Del Corso Marco , Sammartino Gilberto , Dohan Ehrenfest David M.
Published: November 2009

Choukroun's platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin biomaterial with a specific composition, three‐dimensional architecture, and associated biology. This letter highlights some key issues related to the use of this complex material during periodontal surgery. First, a reproducible protocol for the production of PRF membranes must be followed to control the quantity and quality of the fibrin matrix, leukocytes, platelets, and growth factors. Second, its use in periodontology must follow two principles founded on tissue‐engineering basic rules and classical periodontal concepts. Using this two‐principle safe protocol, the use of PRF in periodontal surgery leads to a significant improvement during the early healing phase and to a thick and stable final remodeled gingiva.
Preventive Effects of a Cocoa‐Enriched Diet on Gingival Oxidative Stress in Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Irie Koichiro , Azuma Tetsuji , Endo Yasumasa , Tamaki Naofumi , Sanbe Toshihiro , Murakami Jun , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Morita Manabu
Published: November 2009

Background: Oxidative stress affects the progression of periodontitis. Cocoa is a rich source of flavonoids with antioxidant properties, which could suppress gingival oxidative stress in periodontal lesions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a cocoa‐enriched diet on gingival oxidative stress in a rat‐periodontitis model.

Methods: In this 4‐week study, rats were divided into three groups (n = 8/group): a control group (fed a regular diet) and two periodontitis groups (fed a regular diet or cocoa‐enriched diet [10% of food intake]). Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the mandibular first molars. Serum levels for reactive oxygen metabolites were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the levels of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative damage and antioxidant status, respectively.

Results: Rats with experimental periodontitis that were fed a regular diet showed an increase in the level of serum reactive oxygen metabolites in a time‐dependent manner. These rats also had an increased 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in the gingival tissue, inducing alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Although experimental periodontitis was induced in the rats fed a cocoa‐enriched diet, they did not show impairments in serum reactive oxygen metabolite level and gingival levels for 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. Alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration after ligature placement were also inhibited by cocoa intake.

Conclusion: Consuming a cocoa‐enriched diet could diminish periodontitis‐induced oxidative stress, which, in turn, might suppress the progression of periodontitis.
Parametric Analysis of Stress Reduction in the Caprock Above Compacting Reservoirs
Authors: Morita Nobuo , Fuh Giin-Fa
Published: November 2009

It is well known that the fracture gradient is significantly reduced when drilling through depleted reservoirs; hence, mud density must be adjusted or a casing must be set before drilling through depleted reservoirs. However, the magnitude and extent of fracture-gradient reduction in the caprock above depleted reservoirs have not been well characterized. Several casing-shoe tests performed in the cap-rocks showed that fracture gradients in the caprock above depleted reservoirs also declined significantly with reservoir depletion. This gives rise to the problem of determining a safe casing-shoe set position without inducing lost-circulation problems.

To address these issues, parametric analysis of stress reduction in the caprock above compacting reservoirs was performed using a finite-element structural model with fluid flow from caprocks. It was found that two factors dominate the in-situ stress change in caprocks. One factor is pore-pressure change caused by dehydration from shale to reservoir sections as reservoir pressure is depleted, and the other factor is the horizontal-stress reduction because of the roof effect of caprocks. Although caprock permeability is generally very low, shale pore fluid can drain over time into reservoir sections because of large pressure differences after reservoir-pressure depletion. The loss of pore fluid causes a fracture-gradient reduction in shale sections. By contrast, if the shear modulus in the shale section is high compared with the shear modulus of the reservoir formation, the horizontal stress in the caprock reduces because of the roof effect. Using the correlations of shale elastic modulus and permeability with respect to shale porosity, a practical method to estimate the extent and magnitudes of stress reduction in the caprock above depleted reservoirs is proposed in this paper.
The Roots of a Rebellious Nurse
Authors: Block Dorian
Published: November 2009

The early life of Florence Schorske Wald, from her birth in 1917 through her first decade as a nurse, provides a clear understanding of the motivation that led her to create the first modern hospice in the United States. Florence's health struggles during childhood and experience growing up in the shadow of her brilliant older brother directed her toward nursing and more broadly created a deep-rooted compassion for the helpless which she maintained throughout her life. Florence's parents' intellectualism and liberal activism planted seeds for her own courage to reject the medical system's growing reliance on technology in the 1940s and 1950s. She spent her early adulthood dissatisfied and lost, searching for a more humane alternative, despite the limitations she felt as a nurse in a rigid medical hierarchy.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence on Nursing Staffs Caring for Chronic Psychiatric Patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Wen-Ching , Sun Yu-Hua , Lan Tsuo-Hung , Chiu Hsien-Jane
Published: November 2009

This one-year follow-up study determined the incidence and risk factors of workplace violence against nursing staff in a psychiatric hospital. The cohort members had a website to report events whenever they came across violence. A total of 971 events were reported. The incidence rates of physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying/mobbing, sexual harassment, and racial harassment were 1.7, 3.7, 0.2, 0.3, and 0 per staff-year, respectively. Young age, female sex, lower education, shorter duration of employment, and high level of anxiety of staff seemed to be the determinants of violence. Pre-placement education should focus on these staff to reduce workplace violence.
Impact of Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disorders on Retention in a Methadone Maintenance Program: An 18-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Astals Mònica , Díaz Laura , Domingo-Salvany Antònia , Martín-Santos Rocío , Bulbena Antoni , Torrens Marta
Published: November 2009

We assess the influence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders on retention in 189 opioid dependent patients in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and determine the incidence of psychiatric co-morbidity during an 18-month follow-up period. About 68.5 % were retained in the MMT. Neither co-occurring mental disorders (chi-square = 0.303, df = 1, p = 0.622) nor methadone doses [85 (88.9) vs. 79.2 (85) mg/day, p = 0.672] were related to retention. In the follow-up period 19 new diagnoses were made, mainly major depression and antisocial and borderline personality disorders. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders should be assessed during MMT follow-up.
Heat Shock-Induced Three-Dimensional-Like Proliferation of Normal Human Fibroblasts Mediated by Pressed Silk
Authors: Hiragami Fukumi , Motoda Hirotoshi , Takezawa Toshiaki , Takabayashi Chiyuki , Inoue Shigeki , Wakatake Yuji , Kano Yoshio
Published: November 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal heat treatment conditions for enhancement of pressed silk-mediated 3D-like proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblasts, as well as to determine the responses to heat shock of cells and intracellular signaling pathways. The beginning of 3D-like pattern formation of cells was observed in the second week after the start of the experiment. The mean rates of beginning of 3D-like pattern formation by cells heat-treated at 40 ºC and 43 ºC for 10 min were significantly higher (3.2- and 8.6-fold, respectively) than that of untreated cells. We found that apoptosis had occurred in 7.5% and 50.0% of the cells at one week after heat treatment for 10 min at 43 ºC and 45 ºC, respectively. Western blot analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and that of Hsp27 were markedly increased by heat treatment at 43 ºC for 10 min. The results of an experiment using a p38 MAPK inhibitor and Hsp27 inhibitor suggest that activation of p38 MAPK by heat shock is associated with 3D-like cell proliferation and that Hsp27 contributes to the inhibition of apoptosis. The results of this study should be useful for further studies aimed at elucidation of the physiologic mechanisms underlying thermotherapy.
Current Work Locations and Reasons for Job Choice of Graduates of Memorial University School of Pharmacy
Authors: Young Stephanie , Mathews Maria
Published: November 2009

Background:

There is little information available regarding the pharmacist workforce in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). We surveyed Memorial University pharmacy graduates to identify the proportion who were still working in the profession, to determine if they were employed in pharmacy in or outside NL and to describe the characteristics and factors associated with working in or outside NL.

Methods:

We surveyed pharmacists graduating between 1990 and 2007 from Memorial University School of Pharmacy. We collected demographic and job characteristics and asked participants to rank the importance of factors affecting their current job choice.

Results:

Of the 466 surveys mailed, 300 were returned, for a response rate of 64.4%. Of the 300 respondents, 96.7% were working in pharmacy. Over two-thirds (70.3%) were in NL and most of those working outside NL were in Canada. Pharmacy graduates originally from NL (OR = 32.84; 95% CI = 10.63–101.53) and with lower incomes (OR = 7.06; 95% CI = 2.40–20.77) were more likely to be working in NL. The top 3 factors related to choosing the current job in pharmacy were working conditions, job benefits and level of pay. These factors were the same for those respondents working in or outside NL.

Conclusion:

Over two-thirds of the Memorial University pharmacy graduate respondents in our study worked in NL in 2008. Increasing the number of seats for local students and improving remuneration or other incentives for pharmacists may increase provincial retention of locally trained pharmacists.
Aproximación al documento textual desde la perspectiva de los estudios sobre el discurso
Authors: Montesi Michela
Published: November 2009

Este estudio teórico introduce áreas de investigación y temáticas de los estudios sobre el discurso y el diseño de información que permiten ver aspectos menos estudiados o conocidos de los documentos textuales y redefinir su concepción. En concreto, discute el papel de los elementos tipográficos en la configuración del mensaje; la multimodalidad, o la coexistencia de más modos en el mismo documento textual; y la interacción de prosa e imágenes. Insiste, además, en la necesidad de concebir los documentos textuales dentro de un proceso dinámico de consumición del que también forman parte los destinatarios con sus expectativas, conocimientos, y experiencias. Concluye planteando las implicaciones de un nuevo concepto de documento textual para la documentación especialmente por lo que concierne a las modalidades de interacción entre documentalista y documento.
Análisis de la variabilidad de nombres de autores españoles en depósitos digitales universitarios de acceso abierto: un estudio por áreas de conocimiento
Authors: Orduña-Malea Enrique , Peset Fernanda , Ferrer-Sapena Antonia
Published: November 2009

Los autores que firman con su nombre oficial español (dos apellidos y a veces dos nombres) o que varían su firma a lo largo del tiempo, tendrán más dificultades para reunir su producción científica. A partir de la experiencia con IraLIS (International Registry for Authors:: Library and Information Science = Links to Identify Scientists; http://www.iralis.org), este trabajo estudia cómo aparecen registradas las autoridades personales en dos proyectos españoles, de entorno no propietario, que cumplen con el protocolo OAI-PMH: Recercat y E-Prints Complutense. Se descarga la base de datos de autoridades de los dos repositorios estudiados, se clasifica el estilo de firma —recomendando la que contiene dos únicas ristras de elementos— y se distribuyen los resultados según el sector de conocimiento, usando para ello las clasificaciones temáticas del proyecto Intute y de la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y Prospectiva (ANEP). El estilo de firma más usado es mediante dos apellidos (76 % en Recercat y 94 % en E-Prints Complutense). En cuanto a áreas temáticas, las ciencias sociales son las que presentan un mayor porcentaje de registros de autor con estilos de firma recomendados (un 20 % del total de registros pertenecientes a esta área). El nivel de uso del estilo de firma recomendado en ambos repositorios es bajo, especialmente en E-Prints Complutense. El índice de firma recomendado por sector científico nos muestra el paisaje real de los mayores repositorios de acceso abierto españoles. Con esta información se puede diseñar una campaña de concienciación personalizada por sectores. Hipotéticamente pensamos que las ciencias más internacionalizadas o los autores vinculados a la documentación tendrán en cuenta estos aspectos de la firma, pero el estudio estadístico no lo ha corroborado, ya que son las ciencias sociales las que presentan el mayor nivel de uso de estilos de firma recomendados. Según los datos, las áreas tecnológicas, de salud y ciencias de la vida y de arte y humanidades precisan de campañas de concienciación evidentes. Sería deseable un estudio de las posibles diferencias en el uso de estilos de firma en función de quién alimenta las bases de datos.
Implementación de un servicio de referencia virtual por chat en una biblioteca universitaria argentina
Authors: Borrell Marina , Maciel Evangelina
Published: November 2009

En el presente trabajo se comentará la experiencia de la biblioteca Joaquín V. González de la facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina) en la implementación y puesta en marcha de un servicio de referencia virtual vía chat, para responder consultas en tiempo real, destinado a la comunidad universitaria.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF TELENOMUS CALVUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), A PHORETIC EGG PARASITOID OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: Orr D.B. , Russin J.S. , Boethel D.J.
Published: November 2009

The behavior, reproductive capability, and longevity of Telenomus calvus Johnson, a phoretic egg parasitoid of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), were examined in the laboratory. Telenomus calvus females were observed at 25 different locations on hosts’ bodies; preferred sites were pronota and femora. Attachment to hosts was facilitated by greatly enlarged arolia. Parasitoids dismounted from hosts at the time of oviposition to parasitize egg masses. Production of female progeny by parasitoids in phoretic association with hosts peaked on the 1st day after adult emergence, then declined steadily until day 6; male progeny production remained relatively low and constant over the same period. The mean (± SE) number of progeny produced by T. calvus females was 22.4 ± 3.0. Such a small egg complement enabled most females not in phoretic association, and presented with a fresh egg mass daily, to oviposit all or nearly all of their eggs in the first host egg mass encountered. The intrinsic rate of natural increase for T. calvus in phoretic association was estimated as 0.149 ♀ ♀−1 day−1, resulting in a doubling time of 4.65 days. Longevity on non-ovipositing females with access to honey was 33.7 ± 1.1 days, but declined sharply to 5.7 ± 0.4 days when in phoretic association with hosts. Pre-imaginal development of T. calvus was restricted to host eggs that were ≤12h old, despite continued observed oviposition attempts in older host masses. These results are discussed with regard to the biology of T. calvus as a phoretic parasitoid and to its importance as a parasitoid of P. maculiventris in Louisiana.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING MAY TO AUGUST ON TERMINATION OF PROLONGED DIAPAUSE IN THE DOUGLAS-FIR CONE MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Miller G.E. , Ruth D.S.
Published: November 2009

The Douglas-fir cone moth, Barbara coljaxiana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), has the capacity for prolonged diapause, i.e. diapause for two or more winters (Hedlin 1960). This diapause allows for temporal spacing of populations and reduction of intraspecific competition. Specifically, when cone crops are small, excessive moth densities can occur and cause conelet mortality prior to completion of feeding by cone moth larvae, which results in moth mortality. If all moths emerged each year, moth-caused destruction of the conelet population, particularly in years of light production, would have drastic effects on the moth population.
STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DAMAGE ON WHEAT HEADS CAUSED BY THE WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN), IN MANITOBA
Authors: Barker P.S.
Published: November 2009

The objective of the present work was to determine the statistical distribution of midge damage between heads of wheat as a guide to estimating the number of wheat heads that would constitute a reliable sample in estimating losses caused by this pest. A brief account of the history and geographical distribution of the wheat midge in Manitoba has been given by Barker (1984).
EFFECTS OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS OF SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER
Authors: Marshall D.B. , Pree D.J.
Published: November 2009

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, identified previously in adults of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), was shown to extend to both egg and larval stages. Eggs of both resistant and susceptible strains were more susceptible than larvae to various pyrethroid insecticides. Eggs treated 0–2 days post oviposition were more susceptible than 4- to 6-day-old eggs and/or larvae for both strains. Older larvae, especially from resistant strains, were less susceptible than early instars. For eggs and 1st-instar larvae, differences between resistant and susceptible strains were largely overcome by treatment with higher concentrations of permethrin. In the field, low levels of resistance were overcome by applications of permethrin at 212.5 g AI/ha diluted in 3370 L water/ha timed for first hatch of eggs.
AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR APPLE ORCHARDS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC,
Authors: Bostanian N.J. , Coulombe L.J.
Published: November 2009

An IPM program was developed to control Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beaiivois), Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), and Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), the annual key pests of apple orchards in southwestern Quebec. The program was found to control other pests, such as Orthosia hibisci (Guenée). Phytophagous tetranychids were controlled with the introduction of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Amblyseius fallacis Garman, Key pests were monitored carefully and pesticide applications were timed to correspond to their presence in the orchard. After an extremely severe winter and late spring frosts, the IPM program failed to provide commercially acceptable pest control. A measure to correct this problem is suggested in the text. This program reduced the cost of pesticide treatments by 34% when compared with pest control practices currently used by commercial growers in Quebec.
RELATIVE FIELD EFFICACIES OF SUMITHION 20% FLOWABLE AND SUMITHION TECHNICAL FORMULATIONS AGAINST SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Cadogan B.L.
Published: November 2009

Two Sumithion® formulations were sprayed aerially to compare their effectiveness in controlling spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Sumithion 20% flowable, a new formulation, and Sumithion technical were applied twice at 210 g AI (in 1.5 L of spray mix)/ha using a Cessna 188 Agtruck equipped with four Micronair atomizers. More than 95% of the technical and <45% of the Sumithion flowable spray droplets were <50 μm in diameter. Larval reduction ranged from 67 to 84% in the Sumithion flowable plots, from 52 to 55% in the Sumithion technical plots, and from 28 to 38% in the untreated plots. Postspray residual populations averaged 4.1, 6.2, and 10.3 larvae per 46-cm branch in the flowable, technical, and untreated blocks, respectively. Defoliation in the Sumithion flowable block averaged 18.5% and was not significantly different from the technical block but both were significantly less (α = 0.05) than that in the untreated block, which averaged 46.2%. The results suggest that Sumithion 20% flowable was more efficacious in controlling spruce budworm than Sumithion technical insecticide.
CONTACT TOXICITY OF SOME PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, TO INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE AND PYRETHROID-RESISTANT STRAINS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Harris C.R. , Turnbull S.A.
Published: November 2009

Laboratory tests showed that a Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), strain collected from potatoes on a farm near Sherbrooke, Quebec, and known in 1979 to be resistant to most recommended organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides, also had developed 23- to 38-fold levels of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and cypermethrin by 1982. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) had only a minor effect on fenvalerate and deltamethrin toxicity to insecticide-susceptible CPB and on deltamethrin toxicity to pyrethroid-resistant CPB. However, PB effectively synergized fenvalerate in pyrethroid-resistant CPB, e.g. a 1:8 fenvalerate:PB mixture was 12-fold more toxic than fenvalerate alone.
EVALUATION OF FOUR CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES REGISTERED FOR CONTROL OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE, CONTARINIA OREGONENSIS (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), AND THE DOUGLAS-FIR SEED CHALCID, MEGASTIGMUS SPERMOTROPHUS (HYMENOPTERA: TORYMIDAE), IN DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARDS
Authors: Stein John D. , Markin George P.
Published: November 2009

Oxydemeton-methyl, azinphosmethyl, dimethoate, and acephate were evaluated in Douglas-fir seed orchards for control of Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, and Douglas-fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl. Results varied with infestation levels and specific chemicals. There was no significant reduction of infestation levels of either insect with the application of acephate. Oxydemeton-methyl injections, oxydemeton-methyl spray, and dimethoate significantly reduced cone gall midge damage. All four chemicals were ineffective against the seed chalcid for infestations of less than 10% of extractable seed. Oxydemeton-methyl injections, azinphosmethyl, and dimethoate significantly reduced the incidence of seed chalcid when the infestation was high (61%). There was no statistically significant difference (α = 0.05) for pairwise comparisons between chemicals which significantly reduced the infestation levels of either insect.
NOTES ON AN UNUSUAL HABITAT FOR OVERWINTERING EUROPEAN CRANE FLY LARVAE (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE) IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Morris Ray F.
Published: November 2009

On 2 April 1986, while removing an accumulation of mosses from the roof of a covered picnic table near a home on Brookfield Road, St. John's (Fig. 1), several hundred larvae (leatherjackets) of the European crane fly, Tipula paludosa Meigen, were found overwintering in the moss between the slots of the asphalt shingles (Fig. 2). During the period 1971–1985 a heavy growth of mosses had become established in the slots between the shingles. Sufficient organic matter, together with particles of soil and sand, had accumulated in these slots to support the mosses, which gradually spread outward to the flat surfaces of the shingles (Fig. 1).
TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES NEARSIMULIUM VERNUMMACQUART (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Adler Peter H. , Currie D.C.
Published: November 2009

Three new nearctic species of Simuliidae nearSimulium vernumMacquart are described and illustrated:Simulium craigin.sp.,S.caledonensen.sp., andS.decolletumn.sp. Descriptions of larval polytene chromosomes are included. Notes on biology and distribution are given for each species and larval comparisons are made with three European siblings in theS.vernumcomplex.
ASSESSMENT OF A SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAP FOR MONITORING THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE): RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE EMERGENCE AND BETWEEN TRAP CATCHES AND EMERGENCE
Authors: Trimble R.M.
Published: November 2009

The temporal relationship between male and female emergence and the relationship between attractant-baited trap catches and emergence of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), were studied in commercial apple orchards in Norfolk County, Ontario, during 1983 and 1984. The onset and progression of male and female emergence was highly synchronized during each of the three-yearly activity periods. The traps were a sensitive indicator of the onset of the spring-emergence period. However, peaks in the numbers of moths trapped did not occur at times of peak moth emergence and changes in the size of trap catches were not a reliable indicator of changes in the rate of moth emergence. During the spring-emergence period, peaks in trap catch were associated with relatively high daily air temperatures.
ANALYSIS OF LIFE TABLES FOR THE LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) IN OREGON
Authors: Ryan R.B.
Published: November 2009

Life tables for Coleophora laricella (Hübner) at three locations in Oregon were completed for six generations from overwintering larvae in 1978–1979 through overwintering larvae in 1984–1985. Egg densities (per 100 buds) were high (range 279–1038) at Catherine Creek, moderate (49–705) at Tollgate, and low (14–200) at Emigrant Springs. Mortality of early stages was in the order CC>T>ES and tended to equalize overwintering densities. Ten within-generation mortalities (k-values) were calculated. Adult mortality (or reduced fecundity) was always highest. The key factor at Tollgate was mortality of needleminers along with winter-to-spring disappearance. At Catherine Creek, the key factor was mortality of fall casebearers. At Emigrant Springs, the expanding population of an introduced parasite, Agathis pumila (Ratz.), indicated a change in the key factor from mortality of needleminers to parasitism. Mortality of fall casebearers at Emigrant Springs was density dependent. Parasitism caused by A. pumila and another introduced species, Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratz.), showed characteristics of delayed density dependence.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (LeCONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Stevenson A.B.
Published: November 2009

Rates of development of selected stages and complete development of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), were determined in the laboratory at controlled temperatures ranging from 17.5 to 30°C. Within that range of temperature, rates of development increased with temperature. Fitting the data to a cubic polynomial function provided an excellent description of the relationship between temperature and rate of development for all stages as shown by R2 values of at least 0.98.
POSSIBLE DUAL COLD-HARDINESS STRATEGIES IN CISSEPS FULVICOLLIS (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE)
Authors: Fields Paul G. , McNeil Jeremy N.
Published: November 2009

Insects are usually classified as either freeze-intolerant or freeze-tolerant (Danks 1978; Sømme 1982; Baust and Rojas 1985). Freeze-intolerant species cannot survive the formation of ice in their bodies and typically lower their supercooling points (SCP), the temperature of spontaneous ice formation, during the winter months (Sømme 1982). This is the lower lethal temperature for the insect, although prolonged exposure to temperatures above this may be harmful (Turnock et al. 1983). On the other hand, freeze-tolerant insects can survive the presence of ice crystals in their extracellular fluid and usually have nucleators that prevent supercooling below – 10°C (Zachariassen 1982).
EVALUATION OF TRAP-STRIPS FOR GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) CONTROL IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Olfert Owen
Published: November 2009

Weed trap-strips on summerfallow were evaluated in Saskatchewan in 1982 and 1983 to determine their effectiveness, the costs and benefits associated with insecticidal treatments of the strips, and their effect on the biotic potential of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Trap-strips, 10 m wide, containing primarily flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.)], concentrated grasshopper populations, predominantly 3rd-instar Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), by as much as 4.9 times the initial field density. Sprays of dimethoate (400 g/ha) were about 20% more effective than bran-bait formulations containing dimethoate (200 g/ha). Unlike the field margins that were adjacent to trap-strips, 3 of the unprotected (no bordering trap-strips) margins required at least 1 insecticidal application to minimize crop damage. Field margins that were adjacent to insecticide-treated trap-strips contained 60–66% fewer egg pods than margins of check subplots. Summerfallowing also reduced egg numbers significantly (35%).
STREPSIPTERA PARASITIZING PSYLLIDS (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA)
Authors: Brown R.G. , Hodkinson I.D. , Hollis D.
Published: November 2009

As far as we can determine there are no previous records of Strepsiptera parasitizing psyllids (Jensen 1957; Hodkinson 1974; Kinzelbach 1971). Here we record 3 separate examples.
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON NEARCTIC EUPEODES (INCLUDING METASYRPHUS) AND DASYSYRPHUS (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Vockeroth J.R.
Published: November 2009

The generic name Metasyrphus Matsumura is synonymized with Eupeodes Osten Sacken. Thirteen new combinations are proposed in Eupeodes. Fourteen new synonyms are noted in the genera Eupeodes and Dasysyrphus and 9 lectotypes are designated. Notes on unrecognized species in both genera are given.
THE PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF MESOCOELUS SCHULZ (AGATHIDINAE: BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Sharkey M.J.
Published: November 2009

Based on synapomorphic character states in the parastigmal area of the fore wing, the genus Mesocoelus is transferred from the Orgilinae to the Agathidinae. Placement in the Orgilinae is rejected because of the presence of these synapomorphies and the absence of a subapical notch on the ovipositor, a derived character state found in all known members of the Orgilinae.
PRIMARY TYPES OF ACULEATA (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION
Authors: Sarazin Michael J.
Published: November 2009

Two hundred and nineteen primary types of Aculeata housed in the Canadian National Collection were examined and listed. These were contributed by the following authors: Olmi (56), Evans (31), Viereck (27), Allen (23), Cockerell (21), van Lith (10), Sladen (10), Timberlake (6), Mickel (5), Carter (4), Provancher (4), Williams (3), Francoeur (2), Michener (2), Townes (2), Atwood (1), Bequaert (1), Bohart (1), Finnamore (1), Huber (1), Krombein (1), Laberge and Bouseman (1), Mitchell (1), Ponomarenko (1), Sandhouse (1), Say (1), Shanks (1), and Siri and Bohart (1).
THERMOREGULATION IN THREE RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER SPECIES
Authors: Kemp William P.
Published: November 2009

A study was conducted to quantify the relationship between ambient air temperatures and adult internal body temperatures of three rangeland grasshoppers near Three Forks, MT. Results show a strong non-linear relationship between air and body temperatures over the range of temperatures normally encountered during the adult stage (approximately 2–42°C). Observations and historical data indicate the considerable influence of behavioral modification that results in grasshoppers attempting to maintain an optimal temperature range that minimizes development time. Results should be of interest to insect ecologists and those studying grasshopper biology and population dynamics.
A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR INDEXING THE MATING STATUS OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Bergh J.C. , Seabrook W.D.
Published: November 2009

Section 7 of the primary simplex of the ductus ejaculatorius of unmated male spruce bud worm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana, contains a yellow substance that is not present in recently mated males. The yellow substance occurs in laboratory-colony males reared on diet and in feral males reared on foliage. It is shown that the presence/absence of this material is a reliable index of copulation during the previous 24 h. Although the yellow substance regenerates over a period of several days, males 0–72 h post-copulation may be indexed when compared with unmated males of similar age.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), TO COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS OF BACILLUS THURMGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI
Authors: Morris O.N.
Published: November 2009

Commercial Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.k.) (Dipel 132® and Thuricide 48 LV®) were bioassayed at 20 and 25°C against 3rd- (L3), 4th- (L4), 5th- (L5), and 6th- (L6) instar larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, on greenhouse-grown canola, Brassica napus L. cv. Westar. The L4 was the most susceptible stage to B.t.k. but it was much less susceptible than the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), a species against which this bacterium is currently used. The lethal time of B.t.k. to the larvae was inversely related to dosage applied. Younger instars (L3 to L4) were more sensitive to Dipel than older instars (L5 to L6) at 20°C but the reverse was true for Thuricide-treated larvae. All B.t.k. treatments reduced weight gain and frass deposition (by inference feeding activity) compared with untreated controls. The LC50 concentration of B.t.k. for larvae reduced survival to adult emergence by 87–100%.
NEST DEFENCE BY HONEY-DAUBING IN THE BUMBLEBEE BOMBUS GRISEOCOLLIS DE GEER (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Fuller G.A. , Plowright R.C.
Published: November 2009

Workers of the bumblebee Bombus griseocollis were found to use honey-daubing as a method of defence against (mostly heterospecific) intruders. The distant taxonomic relatedness of this species to others that practise honey-daubing may imply that this defence has evolved independently at least twice in the genus Bombus.
SOME EFFECTS OF PERMETHRIN ON THE BEHAVIOR OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MEIGEN (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE)
Authors: Threlkeld S.F.H.
Published: November 2009

Avoidance of four strains of Drosophila melanogaster to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin was studied. All strains showed concentration-dependent avoidance, with avoidance detected at levels as low as 1 ppm. Avoidance was not dependent on the insect acquiring a lethal dose. Some correlation appeared to exist between higher locomotor activity and lower sensitivity to permethrin. The most sensitive strain had the lowest activity. Two of the four strains studied were chosen as permethrin-sensitive mutants following mutagenesis. These two strains had activity levels significantly lower than the original strain from which they were obtained, raising the question as to whether the increased sensitivity to permethrin following mutagenesis reflects an alteration in the target site of permethrin, a neuroactive insecticide.
LIFE HISTORY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF THE PARASITOIDMICROPLITIS MEDIATOR(HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), REARED ON THE BERTHA ARMYWORMMAMESTRA CONFIGURATA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Arthur A.P. , Mason P.G.
Published: November 2009

Microplitis mediator(Haliday) is being considered for introduction into Saskatchewan to augment the biological control of the bertha armyworm,Mamestra configurataWalker. It was reared in the laboratory on larvae of the bertha armyworm. Notes on the life history and descriptions of the egg and three larval stages are given.
NEW AMERICAN GENERA OF LAUXANIIDAE, BASED ON SPECIES OF EARLIER AUTHORS, AND A NOTE ON LYCIELLA RORIDA (FALLÉN) IN NORTH AMERICA (DIPTERA)
Authors: Shewell G. E.
Published: November 2009

New genera Hirtodeceia, Marmarodeceia, Oncodometopus, Pachyopella, Poecilolycia, Trisapromyza, and Xeniconeura are described. The first two are exclusively Neotropical; the others occur also in the Nearctic Region. Relationships with other genera are discussed, and included species are listed. Homoneura (Euhomoneura) pictipennis Hendel is a preoccupied name, and the species is renamed and assigned to Marmarodeceia. Lyciella Collin is discussed, and L. rorida (Fallén) is recorded for the first time in North America.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR DIFLUBENZURON AGAINST BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) LARVAE AND ITS EFFECTS ON NONTARGET STREAM INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Rodrigues C.S. , Kaushik N.K.
Published: November 2009

In laboratory tests conducted under simulated stream conditions treatment with the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron at 1.0 mg/L/30 min at 15°C resulted in 100% mortality of Simulium larvae after 10 days. At 0.5 mg/L/15 min there was 97.6% mortality of S. vittatum larvae after 18 days in water at 10.5°C. Diflubenzuron was less effective when the growth rate of simuliid larvae during the test was slow due to inadequate nutrition, and it was more effective at 25 than at 20°C, but there was no difference in efficacy between 10 and 20°C. Efficacy against simuliid larvae varied inversely with their instar. Diflubenzuron at 1.0 mg/L/30 min was tested in the laboratory against selected nontarget invertebrates. Among the Ephemeroptera tested at 15°C, Baetis pygmaeus, Leptophlebia sp., and Isonychia sp. proved susceptible but not Stenonema fuscum and Ephemerella subvaria. Similarly diflubenzuron had little effect on the perlid stonefly Paragnetina media at 15°C and on the filter-feeding caddisfly Hydropsyche betteni at 20°C. Chironomid larvae (Phaenopsectra sp.) tested at 20°C were affected and the amphipods Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and Hyalella azteca were particularly susceptible at 25 but not at 15°C.
PREDATION ON ADULT PHYLLOTRETA FLEA BEETLES BY PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) AND NABICULA AMERICOLIMBATA (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE)
Authors: Culliney Thomas W.
Published: November 2009

On three occasions in late August 1985, during the course of a study of the arthropod community associated with collards (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) (Cruciferae) in central New York State, two species of predaceous Heteroptera, the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), and Nabicula americolimbata (Carayon), were observed feeding on adult flea beetles of the genus Phyllotreta. Evidence for predation on adult flea beetles is rare. Tahvanainen and Root (1972) and Kareiva (1985) reported practically no predation on adult Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) in central New York, but scattered observations in Canada have documented occasional attacks on adult crucifer-infesting flea beetles by various insect predators (Gerber and Osgood 1975; Burgess 1977, 1980, 1982). This is the first record of predation on adult flea beetles by P. muculiventris and N. americolimbata. Burgess (1982) noted predation on adult P. cruciferae by another nabid, Nabis alternatus Parshley.
EFFECTS OF DIET AND POPULATION DENSITY ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT AND PUPAL WEIGHT OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM
Authors: Loschiavo S.R. , White N.D.G.
Published: November 2009

The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum J. du Val, is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products and is widely distributed in Canada, primarily in flour and feed mills. This insect prefers some grain products or cultivars to others (Loschiavo 1952) and seems to be attracted mainly by an olfactory response to certain fatty acids (Loschiavo 1965) and triglycerides (Starratt and Loschiavo 1972; Tamaki et al. 1971). Differential effects of diets on the rate of development of T. confusum are directly related to temperature, being greatest near the optimal temperature for development (Lamb and Loschiavo 1981). Crowding also affects development and size (Park 1938).
RATES OF FEEDING, OVIPOSITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SURVIVAL OF LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) ON SEVERAL WEEDS
Authors: Smith Robert F. , Hardman J.M.
Published: November 2009

In free-choice trials with Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), a serious greenhouse pest, and 16 species of weeds commonly found near greenhouses in Nova Scotia, the leafminer produced feeding punctures and mines in every weed tested. There were wide variations in mean numbers of punctures per plant and larval mines per plant and less pronounced variations in the mean ratios of punctures to mines. In single-host trials, development time and survival of larval and pupal L. trifolii were determined on 10 of these weeds and on Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. White Marble. Pupal survival with all weeds was as high or higher than with chrysanthemum and larval survival was as high or higher than with chrysanthemum in 6 of the 10 weeds. Time from oviposition to adult emergence was as short as that on chrysanthemum on two weeds and shorter on six others. Only creeping Charlie, Glechoma hederacea, was an unsuitable host with no larvae developing to the pupal stage. The ability of L. trifolii to use common weeds as alternate hosts indicates that weed control in and around greenhouses should be included in any program to protect greenhouse chrysanthemums from this leafminer.
EFFICACY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES AGAINST LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), A LEAFMINER OF CHRYSANTHEMUM
Authors: Smith Robert F.
Published: November 2009

Cyromazine was effective in controlling Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae within chrysanthemum leaves. Ovipositor puncturing was not deterred by this larvicide. Adult emergence was inhibited when 3rd-instar larvae were exposed to cyromazine. Reduced dosages of 0.003, 0.030, and 0.300 g AI/L did not inhibit initiation of mines, but at the highest rate caused significant mortality. Diflubenzuron reduced L. trifolii ovipositor punctures but did not cause larval mortality. Methomyl applied at 0.5 mL/L gave significant control of larvae. Neither larvicide proved phytotoxic to a range of cultivars tested in a commercial greenhouse. Aldicarb applied to the soil at rates ranging from 28.8 to 575.0 g AI/100 m2 was found effective against L. trifolii larvae but severe phytotoxicity resulted from single applications at the two highest rates. Ovipositor punctures were not reduced as treatment rates increased, but oviposition tended to diminish in response to dosage. Complete leafminer control from a single application would require a highly phytotoxic dosage.
THE USE OF PHEROMONE AND BARRIER TRAPS TO MONITOR SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) PHENOLOGY IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Angerilli N.P.D. , Logan D.M.
Published: November 2009

Comparisons of three isomers of the San Jose scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)] pheromone showed that SJS3 was slightly more attractive than SJS1 or SJS2. Pheromone-baited traps were compared with sticky barrier traps for the detection and monitoring of male emergence activity and each trap type produced a different activity pattern relative to both calendar days and accumulated degree-days (DD). San Jose scale phenology varied between geographic areas of the Okanagan Valley when compared by using DD accumulations above either 7.2 or 10.5°C and suggests a trend towards decreasing DD requirements as the insect’s distribution moves north.
ALDICARB ON GREENHOUSE CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN ONTARIO: EFFICACY FOR CONTROL OF LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) AND RESIDUES IN FOLIAGE
Authors: Broadbent A.B. , Chiba M. , McGarvey B.D.
Published: November 2009

In two field tests, larvae of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were not controlled by aldicarb (Temik 10G) at three times the recommended rate when applied to soil, dry foliage, or wet foliage of chrysanthemums (cv. White Marble) in Ontario. A second treatment of aldicarb 3 weeks after the first did not prevent the increase in leafmining. Assessment of the top 10 leaves at harvest showed no significant differences in numbers of mines greater than 2 cm between check and treated plots. Residues of aldicarb and its degradation compounds, aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone, were detected by capillary gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. Substantial residues (> 100 μg/g as total residues), particularly of aldicarb sulfoxide, were found within the 1st week after treatment, but dissipated rapidly in upper leaves by day 7 after the first aldicarb application. Lower leaves, however, maintained residue levels at a constant level for a 3-week period following the first and second applications. Residue levels on lower leaves were consistently higher after wet-foliage application of aldicarb than after soil application.