bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus self‐sampling with mRNA testing benefits routine screening
Authors: Auvinen Eeva , Nieminen Pekka , Pellinen Jukka , Dillner Joakim , Tarkkanen Jussi , Virtanen Anni
Published: June 2022

High risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) based screening provides the possibility of vaginal self‐sampling as a tool to increase screening attendance. In order to evaluate the impact and feasibility of opt‐in self‐sampling in the Finnish setting, we invited a randomized population of 5350 women not attending screening after age group invitation or after reminder, to attend HPV self‐sampling‐based screening in the autumn of 2018 in Helsinki. Out of those, 1282 (24.0%) expressed their interest and ordered the sampling package. Eventually 787 women (14.7% of the total invited population) took part in screening, 770 women by providing a vaginal sample within 2 months from invitation and 17 by providing a pap smear in the laboratory. Self‐taken samples were collected in Aptima Multitest vials and tested using the Aptima HPV mRNA assay. A high proportion, 158/770 (20.5%) of the samples were positive in the Aptima HPV assay. One hundred and forty‐one samples were further submitted to Aptima HPV Genotyping and extended genotyping by a Luminex based assay. Of those, 23 samples (16.3%) were HPV 16 positive and 7 (5.0%) were positive for HPV 18/45; extended genotyping revealed multiple high‐risk and low‐risk HPV genotypes. At follow‐up seven cases of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were diagnosed, which represents 4.4% of HPV positive women and 0.9% of screened women, whereas the rate was 0.5% in routine screening. Our findings suggest that self‐sampling with HPV mRNA testing is a feasible approach to improve screening efficacy in a high‐risk population among original nonattendees.
Single‐cell RNA‐seq dissecting heterogeneity of tumor cells and comprehensive dynamics in tumor microenvironment during lymph nodes metastasis in gastric cancer
Authors: Qian Yan , Zhai Ertao , Chen Sile , Liu Yinan , Ma Yan , Chen Junting , Liu Jianqiu , Qin Changjiang , Cao Qin , Chen Jianhui , Cai Shirong
Published: June 2022

Lymph node metastasis is the common metastasis route of gastric cancer. However, until now, heterogeneities of tumor cells and tumor microenvironment in primary tumors (PT) and metastatic lymph nodes (MLN) of gastric cancer (GC) remains uncharacterized. In our study, single cell RNA sequencing was performed on tissues from PT and MLN of gastric cancer. Trajectory analysis and function enrichment analyses were conducted to decode the underlying mechanisms contributing to LN metastasis of gastric cancer. Heterogeneous composition of immune cells and distinct intercellular interactions in PT and MLN were analyzed. Based on the generated single cell transcriptome profiles, dynamics of gene expressions in cancer cells between PT and MLN were characterized. Moreover, we reconstructed the developmental trajectory of GC cells' metastasis to LN and identified two subtypes of GC cells with distinct potentials of having malignant biological behaviors. We characterized the repression of neutrophil polarization associated genes, like LCN2, which would contribute to LN metastasis, and histochemistry experiments validated our findings. Additionally, heterogeneity in neutrophils, rather than macrophages, was characterized. Immune checkpoint associated interaction of SPP1 was found active in MLN. In conclusion, we decode the dynamics of tumor cells during LN metastasis in GC and to identify a subtype of GC cells with potentials of LN metastasis. Our data indicated that the disordering the neutrophils polarization and maturation and the activation of immune checkpoint SPP1 might contribute to LN metastasis in GC, providing a novel insight on the mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of LN metastasis in GC.
Using ROM in family therapy
Authors: Tilden Terje , Whittaker Kristoffer J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) is in this article defined as a tool for feedback‐informed therapy where clients' therapy relevant information is applied in real‐time therapy. Because family therapy represents a comprehensive clinical setting, ROM is experienced as particularly useful.

Aims

In a vignette from family therapy practice, the use of ROM is demonstrated on individual, couple, and family levels with reference to integrative systemic therapy.

Discussion

ROM information is shown to play a central role in the different phases of treatment. It is demonstrated how ROM facilitates patient‐centered assessment that strengthens the therapeutic collaboration such as the working alliance, identifying treatment targets, and possible constraints. In particular, ROM revealing alliance rupture followed by alliance repair is emphasized as a crucial therapeutic event in this treatment.
“Even Though We Have Different Colors, We Are All Equal Here”: Immigrants building a sense of community and wellbeing through sport participation
Authors: Corvino Chiara , Martinez‐Damia Sara , Belluzzi Mattia , Marzana Daniela , D'Angelo Chiara
Published: June 2022

Although there are several studies reporting the beneficial role of sports in immigrant health, more research is needed to understand whether and how these activities can guide the psychological sense of community (SOC) and well‐being outcomes. This study aims at exploring how sport participation among immigrants contributes to developing their SOC and subjective well‐being. We analyzed the experiences of 17 immigrants participating in Balon Mundial (BM), an annual multicultural football tournament in Turin (Italy). A thematic deductive theory‐driven analysis was implemented based on in‐depth interviews. BM developed a psychological SOC by providing immigrants with a safe space—based on norms of accessibility and fair play—to mutually share traditions while forming positive and trusting bonds. All these dimensions of the tournament were connected to an enhancement of immigrants' subjective well‐being in terms of happiness, self‐care, sense of acceptance and cultural intelligence. Sport participation can sustain immigrants' psychological SOC and subjective well‐being under specific conditions: (a) when norms are developed based on inclusion; and (b) when a shared goal and  history are built among participants.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of community health worker training programs in Latinx communities: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Christina N. , Matthew Rebecca A. , Orpinas Pamela
Published: June 2022

This review examines the current reporting trends of program design, implementation, and evaluation of training programs for Latinx community health workers. Five scholarly databases were searched using a scoping review methodology to identify articles describing training programs for Latinx community health workers. The timeframe was 2009 to 2021. We identified 273 articles, with 59 meeting inclusion criteria. Researchers thematically coded the articles to identify reporting strategies related to program design, implementation, and evaluation. Findings suggest a lack of consensus in reporting elements critical to program resources, instructor qualifications, frequency and length of training implementation, theoretical background, and pedagogical tools associated with the training program. We offer detailed reporting recommendations of community health worker training programs to support the consistent dissemination of promising practices and facilitate the initiation of new programs for Latinx community health workers.
The birth weight of macrosomia influence the accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight at term
Authors: Song JinShuang , Liu JingHua , Liu Li , Jiang Ying , Zheng HongPing , Ke Hualing , Yang LiLi , Zhang ZongYu
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate and analyze the accuracy of ultrasound estimation of the fetal weight of Macrosomia at term.

Method

The instruments used were α6(Aloka; Japan) color Doppler ultrasound imagers, and vinno 80 (feieno; China) with a frequency of 3.5 MHz. The formula used to calculate the estimated fetal birth weight (EFW) was that proposed by Hadlock et al. (Hadlock 2). The biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) measurements were performed strictly following the practice guidelines. Detailed measurement standards are shown in the figure and the table in the text. Macrosomia is typically defined as a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age or >4000 g.Two indexes were used to calculate the error between EFW and birth weight (BW): Simple error (SE = BW − EFW); Absolute percentage error (APE, which reflects this percentage in absolute value, percentage error [PE = SE/BW] × 100). In order to better evaluate the measurement results, we made the following definitions: 1. When APE > 15%, the measurement deviation is significant. 2. The ratio of those cases with APE > 15% to the total number of cases measured by a sonographer was greater than 20%, indicating that the sonographer was prone to significant measurement deviation.

Result

A total of 374 cases were analyzed. The mean maternal age was 31.48 (±15.93) years. Each pregnant woman carries only one fetus. The mean gestational age at delivery was 39.93 (±0.84) weeks. There were 245 male infants (65.5%), 129 female infants (34.5%), 214 cesarean section (57.2%), and 160 vaginal delivery (42.7%). 339 cases (90.64%) were estimated to be lower than the actual BW. The estimated weight was higher than the actual weight in 35 cases, accounting for 9.36%.The APE>15% in 56 cases, accounting for 14.97%. The accuracy of estimated fetal weight was closely related to the BW of the fetus and had no significant correlation with the seniority of the physician, the gender of the fetus, and the fetal position.

Conclusion

Studies on macrosomia have shown that the BW of macrosomia tends to be underestimated, which is also reflected in the results of this study. The accuracy of estimated fetal weight still needs to be improved. Our study found that the accuracy of estimated fetal weight was closely related to the BW of the fetus and had no significant correlation with the seniority of the physician, the gender of the fetus, and the fetal position. The correlation between the section and calculation formula on the measurement accuracy needs to be studied. Through systematic data analysis, we can find the doctors whose measurements are relatively inaccurate in our department and carry out targeted quality control to improve the measurement accuracy.
Foliar micromorphology of selected medicinal Lamiaceae taxa and their taxonomic implication using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Zaman Wajid , Ullah Fazal , Parmar Gaurav , Saqib Saddam , Ayaz Asma , Park SeonJoo
Published: June 2022

In this research, 25 medicinally used Lamiaceae species belonging to 20 genera have been studied and identified for the nine disorders. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for qualitative and quantitative morphological character identification. The micromorphological characters observed here were important for distinguishing the studied taxa. The highest medicinal values were reported forVitex negundoandScutellaria baicalensisfor all considered categories except urinary and otorhinolaryngology disorders. The foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics revealed that the micromorphological features of the Lamiaceae species provide taxonomically significant and accurate identification information to delimitate the family species. Moreover, we focused on both qualitative (epidermal cell shape, stomata type, stomatal pore shape, subsidiary cell shape, glandular trichomes, and non‐glandular trichome shape) as well as quantitative features (epidermal cell size, stomata size, stomatal pore size, subsidiary cell size, and trichomes size). The trichomes diversity was different in most species' on adaxial and abaxial surfaces. In most species, anomocytic stomata were observed, but other types such as diacytic, paracytic, and tetracytic type stomata were also examined. The diverse pattern of anatomical characters suggests that the studied taxa provide insight evidence for the taxonomic observation of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae. This work sets an avenue for future research and taxonomic exploration of medicinal flora through microscopic investigations.

Research Highlights

This research offers a thorough microscopic identification of the family Lamiaceae.

Taxonomic information on the trichome characters and types for the accurate authentication.

Qualitative and quantitative characterization of 25 medicinally used Lamiaceae taxa.
Identification of storage conditions stabilizing extracellular vesicles preparations
Authors: Görgens André , Corso Giulia , Hagey Daniel W. , Jawad Wiklander Rim , Gustafsson Manuela O. , Felldin Ulrika , Lee Yi , Bostancioglu R. Beklem , Sork Helena , Liang Xiuming , Zheng Wenyi , Mohammad Dara K. , van de Wakker Simonides I. , Vader Pieter , Zickler Antje M. , Mamand Doste R. , Ma Li , Holme Margaret N. , Stevens Molly M. , Wiklander Oscar P. B. , EL Andaloussi Samir
Published: June 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and hold great potential for therapeutic and diagnostic use. Despite significant advances within the last decade, the key issue of EV storage stability remains unresolved and under investigated. Here, we aimed to identify storage conditions stabilizing EVs and comprehensively compared the impact of various storage buffer formulations at different temperatures on EVs derived from different cellular sources for up to 2 years. EV features including concentration, diameter, surface protein profile and nucleic acid contents were assessed by complementary methods, and engineered EVs containing fluorophores or functionalized surface proteins were utilized to compare cellular uptake and ligand binding. We show that storing EVs in PBS over time leads to drastically reduced recovery particularly for pure EV samples at all temperatures tested, starting already within days. We further report that using PBS as diluent was found to result in severely reduced EV recovery rates already within minutes. Several of the tested new buffer conditions largely prevented the observed effects, the lead candidate being PBS supplemented with human albumin and trehalose (PBS‐HAT). We report that PBS‐HAT buffer facilitates clearly improved short‐term and long‐term EV preservation for samples stored at ‐80°C, stability throughout several freeze‐thaw cycles, and drastically improved EV recovery when using a diluent for EV samples for downstream applications.
Ascorbate peroxidase‐mediated in situ labelling of proteins in secreted exosomes
Authors: Lee Byung Rho , Lee Tae Jin , Oh Sekyung , Li Chenglong , Song Jin‐Hyuk A , Marshall Brendan , Zhi Wenbo , Kwon Sang‐Ho
Published: June 2022

The extracellular vesicle exosome mediates intercellular communication by transporting macromolecules such as proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Determining cargo contents with high accuracy will help decipher the biological processes that exosomes mediate in various contexts. Existing methods for probing exosome cargo molecules rely on a prior exosome isolation procedure. Here we report an in situ labelling approach for exosome cargo identification, which bypasses the exosome isolation steps. In this methodology, a variant of the engineered ascorbate peroxidase APEX, fused to an exosome cargo protein such as CD63, is expressed specifically in exosome‐generating vesicles in live cells or in secreted exosomes in the conditioned medium, to induce biotinylation of the proteins in the vicinity of the APEX variant for a short period of time. Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins biotinylated by this approach in exosomes secreted by kidney proximal tubule‐derived cells reveals that oxidative stress can cause ribosomal proteins to accumulate in an exosome subpopulation that contains the CD63‐fused APEX variant.
Paying attention to each other. An essay on the transnational intersections of industrial economy, subjectivity, and governance in East Germany's social‐psychological training
Authors: Lehmbrock Verena
Published: June 2022

This article examines a little‐known chapter both in the history of socialist labor relations and the history of psychology: Social Psychological Training (SPT) for industrial leaders in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Based on previously untapped archival sources, it uncovers the transnational genesis of SPT and its intricate relationships with Western “therapeutic culture” of the 1970s. Governmental perspectives are addressed, as well as the level of individual appropriation of SPT and possible unintended side effects of techniques that were drawn from the social psychological and therapeutical fields. This case study helps to explore the functions of psychological expertise in authoritarian political contexts, as well as the polyvalence of group methods of change, the effects of which could turn out repressive as well as liberating on both sides of the Iron Curtain. The history of SPT solicits a polycentric view on therapeutic culture, capturing its diverse manifestations and interconnections between different societies and political economies.
Comparison of Improved Unidirectional Dual Velocity‐Encoding MRI Methods
Authors: Franco Pamela , Ma Liliana , Schnell Susanne , Carrillo Hugo , Montalba Cristian , Markl Michael , Bertoglio Cristóbal , Uribe Sergio
Published: June 2022

Background

In phase‐contrast (PC) MRI, several dual velocity encoding methods have been proposed to robustly increase velocity‐to‐noise ratio (VNR), including a standard dual‐VENC (SDV), an optimal dual‐VENC (ODV), and bi‐ and triconditional methods.

Purpose

To develop a correction method for the ODV approach and to perform a comparison between methods.

Study Type

Case–control study.

Population

Twenty‐six volunteers.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T phase‐contrast MRI with VENCs of 50, 75, and 150 cm/second.

Assessment

Since we acquired single‐VENC protocols, we used the background phase from high‐VENC (VENCH) to reconstruct the low‐VENC (VENCL) phase. We implemented and compared the unwrapping methods for different noise levels and also developed a correction of the ODV method.

Statistical Tests

Shapiro–Wilk's normality test, two‐way analysis of variance with homogeneity of variances was performed using Levene's test, and the significance level was adjusted by Tukey's multiple post hoc analysis with Bonferroni (P < 0.05).

Results

Statistical analysis revealed no extreme outliers, normally distributed residuals, and homogeneous variances. We found statistically significant interaction between noise levels and the unwrapping methods. This implies that the number of non‐unwrapped pixels increased with the noise level. We found that for β = VENCL/VENCH = 1/2, unwrapping methods were more robust to noise. The post hoc test showed a significant difference between the ODV corrected and the other methods, offering the best results regarding the number of unwrapped pixels.

Data Conclusions

All methods performed similarly without noise, but the ODV corrected method was more robust to noise at the price of a higher computational time.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy Stage

1
Genetic algorithm optimization to minimize fields, maximize power, and inhibit corona of high voltage transmission lines by arranging the conductors
Authors: Al Salameh Mohammed Saleh Hussein , Al‐Hazaimeh Lujain Bilal
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a comprehensive study is presented whereby genetic algorithm optimization (GAO) is used to find the best arrangement of three‐phase high‐voltage transmission line (TL) conductors, that minimizes emitted electric and magnetic fields (EMFs), maximizes power capacity, and avoids corona. Moreover, a financial cost study is conducted in order to show the feasibility of implementing such rearrangement, where construction costs are compared with the impact on a populated area in close proximity to the line. To facilitate applying the procedure of this paper, a detailed description of each step is provided. Both single circuit as well as double circuit transmission lines are considered, and bundled conductors are analyzed. To demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the mathematical formulation and MATLAB computer codes, computed results are compared with measured data where good agreement is observed. To show that using GAO for solving high voltage line problems is an alternative to other robust optimization techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), GAO solutions are compared with PSO solutions. The GAO results are also compared with the unoptimized results, where significant improvements can be seen. Since according to this algorithm, line conductors move freely throughout the solution space in an attempt to find the best solution, it is important to restrict this movement in order to adhere to the separation limits of the transmission line international standards IEC‐71.
Prediction of progression rate and fate of osteoarthritis: Comparison of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Yoo Hyun Jin , Jeong Ho Won , Kim Sung Woon , Kim Myeongju , Lee Jae Ik , Lee Yong Seuk
Published: June 2022

Appropriate prediction models can assist healthcare systems in delaying or reversing osteoarthritis (OA) progression. We aimed to identify a reliable algorithm for predicting the progression rate and fate of OA based on patient‐specific information. From May 2003 to 2019, 83,280 knees were collected. Age, sex, body mass index, bone mineral density, physical demands for occupation, comorbidities, and initial Kellgren–Lawrence (K‐L) grade were used as variables for the prediction models. The prediction targets were divided into dichotomous groups for even distribution. We compared the performances of logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boost (XGB) algorithms. Each algorithm had the best precision when the model used all variables. XGB showed the best results in accuracy, recall, F1 score, specificity, and error rates (progression rate/fate of OA: 0.710/0.877, 0.542/0.637, 0.637/0.758, 0.859/0.981, and 0.290/0.123, respectively). The feature importance of RF and XGB had the same order up to the top six for each prediction target. Age and initial K‐L grade had the highest feature importance in RF and XGB for the progression rate and fate of OA, respectively. The XGB and RF machine learning algorithms showed better performance than conventional LR in predicting the progression rate and fate of OA. The best performance was obtained when all variables were combined using the XGB algorithm. For each algorithm, the initial K‐L grade and physical demand for occupation were the greatest contributors with superior feature importance compared with the others.
High tibial osteotomy effectively redistributes compressive knee loads during walking
Authors: De Pieri Enrico , Nüesch Corina , Pagenstert Geert , Viehweger Elke , Egloff Christian , Mündermann Annegret
Published: June 2022

The objectives of this study were to estimate pre‐ and postoperative lower limb kinematics and kinetics and knee intra‐articular forces during gait using musculoskeletal modeling in a cohort of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO), compare these to controls, and determine correlations between changes in these parameters and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscores after HTO. Sixteen patients with isolated, symptomatic medial compartment knee OA completed pre‐ and postoperative gait analysis (mean follow‐up time: 8.6 months). Sixteen age‐ and sex‐matched asymptomatic volunteers participated as controls. Musculoskeletal modeling was used to evaluate lower limb joint moments and knee contact forces during gait. While HTO had limited influence on sagittal plane kinematics and moments, significant changes in the load distribution at the knee after HTO were observed with a lower postoperative compressive load on the medial compartment during midstance and a higher compressive load on the lateral compartment during early and late stance. Moreover, the lateral shear force in midstance was significantly lower after HTO. Changes in the external knee adduction moment (KAM) did not always coincide with reductions in the knee compressive force in the medial compartment. Biomechanical changes did not correlate with improvements in KOOS subscores. Hence, HTO effectively unloaded the medial compartment by redistributing part of the overall compressive force to the lateral compartment during gait with limited influence on gait function. The KAM may not adequately describe compartmental load magnitude or changes induced by interventions at the compartment level. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier—NCT02622204. Clinical significance: This study provides important evidence for changes in joint level loads after corrective osteotomy as joint preserving surgery and emphasizes the need for additional biomechanical outcomes of such interventions.
Proportional relationship between periodontal inflamed surface area, clinical attachment loss, and glycated hemoglobin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy and on oral antidiabetic therapy
Authors: Pattayil Simna , Vadakkekuttical Rosamma Joseph , Radhakrishnan Chandni , Kanakkath Harikumar , Hrishi Thayyil Sivaraman
Published: June 2022

Background

Treatment of diabetes includes oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD), insulin, or their combinations. Insulin can achieve faster glycemic control and have anabolic action on bone. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontitis, and to estimate the proportional relationship between periodontal inflamed surface area, clinical attachment loss, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on OAD therapy and on insulin therapy.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study comprised 130 patients with T2DM on OAD therapy (OAD group) and 130 patients with T2DM on insulin therapy (INSULIN group). All patients were assessed for sociodemographic, behavioral characteristics, clinical history, periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss [Clinical AL], Oral Hygiene Index‐simplified, plaque index, and periodontal inflamed surface area [PISA]), and biochemical variables (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose).

Results

Prevalence, extent, and severity of periodontitis and PISA were lower in the INSULIN group as compared with the OAD group. A proportional relationship was observed between HbA1c and PISA and between HbA1c and Clinical AL. A unit increase in HbA1c is associated with an increase in PISA of 130.47 mm2 and an increase in Clinical AL of 0.182 mm.

Conclusion

A proportional relationship was observed between PISA, clinical attachment loss, and HbA1c level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy and OAD therapy. Despite comparable oral hygiene status and glycemic control between the two groups, the periodontal parameters were lesser in the INSULIN group as compared with the OAD group.
Agricultural management affects active carbon and nitrogen mineralisation potential in soils
Authors: Hendricks Sophia , Zechmeister‐Boltenstern Sophie , Kandeler Ellen , Sandén Taru , Diaz‐Pines Eugenio , Schnecker Jörg , Alber Oliver , Miloczki Julia , Spiegel Heide
Published: June 2022

Background

Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for soil fertility and climate change mitigation. Agricultural management can improve soil fertility and contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilising carbon in soils. This calls for cost‐effective parameters to assess the influence of management practices on SOM contents.

Aims

The current study aimed at understanding how sensitively the parameters active carbon (AC) and nitrogen mineralisation potential (NMP) react to different agricultural management practices compared to total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). We aimed to gain a better understanding of SOM processes, mainly regarding depth distribution and seasonality of SOM dynamics using AC and NMP.

Methods

We looked mainly at four parameters, namely permanganate oxidisable carbon (AC), nitrogen minerlaisation potential (NMP), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). Data were obtained in five long‐term field experiments (LTEs) testing four management practices: (1) tillage, (2) compost application, (3) crop residue management, and (4) mineral fertilization.

Results

AC was specifically sensitive in detecting the effect of tillage treatment at different soil depths. NMP differentiated between all different tillage treatments in the upper soil layer, it showed the temporal dynamics between the years in the compost LTE, and it was identified as an early detection property in the crop residue LTE. Both AC and NMP detected short‐term fluctuations better than TOC and Nt over the course of two years in the crop residue LTE.

Conclusion

We suggest that AC and NMP are two valuable soil biochemical parameters providing more detailed information on C and N dynamics regarding depth distribution and seasonal dynamics and react more sensitively to different agricultural management practices compared to TOC and Nt. They should be integrated in monitoring agricultural long‐term experiments (LTEs) and in field analyses conducted by farmers. However, when evaluating results towards long‐term carbon storage, their sensitivity toward annual fluctuations should be taken into account.
A search of only four key databases would identify most randomized controlled trials of acupuncture: A meta‐epidemiological study
Authors: Guo Qiong , Cheng Yifan , Zhang Chenyang , Yang Huifang , Chen Xia , Wang Xinyi , Yang Liu , Feng Kun , Long Youlin , Shao Zilun , Wang Yutian , Lin Yifei , Liao Ga , Huang Jin , Du Liang
Published: June 2022

Little research has been conducted to assess which specific databases should be searched when performing a systematic review (SR) on acupuncture. The current study aimed to identify key databases and the optimal database combination to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for inclusion in SRs. A systematic search for SRs in the field of acupuncture was conducted in order to identify target databases and RCTs were extracted from the SRs that had searched all target databases. The proportions of SRs that had achieved 100%, 95%, or 90% recall of RCTs and the total recall of RCTs in various combinations of target databases were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed on those SRs that included 10 or more RCTs. CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, CENTRAL and Embase were regarded as target databases. A total of 4349 acupuncture RCTs were extracted from 286 SRs. Searching all six target databases retrieved 99.3% of all RCTs while 99.1% were recalled by searching the combination of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and CENTRAL. There were no significant differences on total recall of RCTs (p = 0.549) or in the proportion of SRs with 90% recall of RCTs (97.2% vs. 97.6%; p = 0.794) between searching the above four and the full six target databases. Most results were similar in the sensitivity analysis. The combined retrieval power of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and CENTRAL was considered an efficient choice to retrieve acupuncture RCTs included in SRs.
Effect of modified washing process on water usage, composition and gelling properties of grass carp surimi
Authors: Long Kangyuan , Zhang Tonghao , Park Jae W , Park Joodong , Yin Tao
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Washing is an essential process in surimi production, from which a large amount of wastewater is generated. Due to the increasing pressure of environmental protection, it is an urgent technical requirement for surimi manufacturers to reduce water usage while maintaining the quality of surimi. In this study, composition, structure and gelling properties of grass carp surimi prepared with a modified washing process (MWP) were investigated. Intermediate dehydration with various compression ratios were utilized between two washing cycles.

RESULTS

Water usage and wastewater discharge were reduced significantly by 33% and 38%, respectively, when MWP was applied. As the compression ratio increased, composition of fat, cathepsins, transglutaminase and heme proteins in surimi decreased gradually. Yield, protein content and the major protein pattern of surimi were not changed, but surface hydrophobicity gradually decreased. As the compression rate increased to 1:2.0, textural values and water holding capacity of the corresponding surimi gel decreased gradually, while whiteness increased and then remained unchanged. At a higher compression ratio (>1:1.5), aggregated network and excessive free water were observed in the surimi gel. Composition and gelling properties of the MWP surimi with a compression ratio of 1:1.2–1:1.5 were equal to those of the surimi prepared under conventional three‐cycle washing.

CONCLUSION

Results indicated that MWP demonstrated its great potential in surimi production by dramatically reducing the usage of cold water and discharge of wastewater without scarifying surimi quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lipidomics profiling of zebrafish liver through untargeted liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: da Silva Katyeny Manuela , Iturrospe Elias , van den Boom Rik , van de Lavoir Maria , Robeyns Rani , Vergauwen Lucia , Knapen Dries , Cuykx Matthias , Covaci Adrian , van Nuijs Alexander L. N.
Published: June 2022

Lipidomics analysis of zebrafish tissues has shown promising results to understand disease‐related outcomes of exposure to toxic substances at a molecular level. However, knowledge about their lipidome is limited, as most untargeted studies only identify the lipids that are statistically significant in their setup. In this work, liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry was used to study different aspects of the analytical workflow, that is, extraction solvents (methanol/chloroform/water (3/2/2, v/v/v), methanol/dichloromethane/water (2/3/2, v/v/v) and methanol/methyl‐tert‐butyl ether/water (3/10/2.5, v/v/v), instrumental response, and strategies used for lipid annotation. The number of high‐quality features (relative standard deviation of the intensity values ≤ 10% in the range 103−107 counts) was affected by the dilution of lipid extracts, indicating that it is an important parameter for developing untargeted methods. The workflows used allowed the selection of a dilution factor to annotate 712 lipid species (507 bulk lipids) in zebrafish liver using four software (LipidMatch, LipidHunter, MS‐DIAL, and Lipostar). Retention time mapping was a valuable tool to filter lipid annotations obtained from automatic software annotations. The lipid profiling of zebrafish livers will help in a better understanding of the true constitution of their lipidome at the species level, as well as in the use of zebrafish in toxicological studies.
Blood Flow Turbulence Quantification of Carotid Artery With a High‐Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging
Authors: Dong Yinghui , Hong Shaofu , Song Di , Liu Mengmeng , Gao Wenjing , Du Yigang , Xu Jinfeng , Dong Fajin
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To assess the feasibility and performance of Turbulence (Tur) index as a quantitative tool for carotid artery flow turbulence; to detect and compare the blood flow patterns of common carotid artery (CCA) and carotid bulb (CB) at different ages and cardiac phases in healthy adults, and thus interpret the evolvement of etiology difference between CCA and CB.

Methods

Carotid flow characteristics of 40 healthy volunteers were evaluated quantitatively by a high‐frame rate vector flow imaging. Three types of flow patterns were defined depending on the distributive range of complex flow during systole in CB. Comparison of mean Tur value in CCA and CB at different age groups and cardiac phases was performed. And the correlation between Tur value and the diameter ratio of proximal internal carotid artery to common carotid artery (DRpro‐ica/cca) was tested.

Results

Mean Tur values in CB were remarkably higher than that in CCA, whether during systole or diastole (P < .001). Meanwhile Tur values in CB during systole were significantly higher than that during diastole (P < .001). Flow complexity of CB showed variations among 40 participants especially in systole, whereas the flow pattern of CCA was relatively consistent. Mean Tur values were positively correlated with DRpro‐ica/cca in CB (ρ = 0.69, P < .05).

Conclusions

V Flow imaging provided a reliable method—Tur, for quantitative analysis of carotid blood flow. It had potential to be further applied in distinguishing complex hemodynamic characteristics in high‐risk people of carotid diseases for the risk stratification of cardiovascular events.
Risk Stratification of Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Patients With Hematologic Pathology
Authors: Navuluri Sriram , Gardner James Reed , Vickers Donald , Mohler Samantha , King Deanne , Kanaan Alissa
Published: June 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study is to identify objective perioperative diagnostic factors for acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFS) to create a diagnostic scoring system using objective criteria.

Methods

Retrospective case–control study performed at an academic, tertiary care center. Biopsy‐proven cases of AIFS identified from pathology records (2015–2019) were compared to patients the otolaryngology service was consulted to “Rule out AIFS” in the year 2019, only including those with underlying hematologic malignancy. Eighteen patients with AIFS and 20 patients without were included. One and two tailed T‐tests were used for p‐values. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for the significant data, and Youden's J‐statistic was used to create the ideal cutoff values for each. Likelihood ratios were used to give a power for the scoring system.

Results

Compared to patients with non‐hematologic malignancy‐related AIFS, patients with hematologic malignancy‐related AIFS have significantly elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) and blood glucose; while albumin, hematocrit, platelet count, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were found to be significantly lower. In addition, Lund‐Mackay score asymmetry, extra‐sinus spread, aspergillus antigen, and pre‐existing diabetes mellitus correlated with disease. A scoring system with three categories: AIFS Unlikely, Indeterminate/AIFS Suspicious, and AIFS Highly Likely was developed.

Conclusion

Patients with hematologic malignancy‐related AIFS have measurable differences in lab values and standard imaging that could be used in determining the diagnostic probability of AIFS including: CRP, albumin, hematocrit, platelets, ANC, blood glucose, aspergillus antigen, Lund‐Mackay score asymmetry, extra‐sinus spread, and pre‐existing diabetes mellitus. A novel scoring system was proposed that will require prospective validation.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1059–1064, 2023
Prognostic Utility of Tumor Stage versus American Thyroid Association Risk Class in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Abiri Arash , Pang Jonathan , Prasad Karthik R. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Kuan Edward C. , Armstrong William B. , Haidar Yarah M. , Tjoa Tjoson
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the prognostic strengths of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging and American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk classification in well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and their implications in guiding medical decision‐making and epidemiological study designs.

Methods

The 2004–2017 National Cancer Database was queried for DTC patients. Cox proportional hazards (CPH) and Kaplan–Meier analyses modeled patient mortality and overall survival, respectively. Each CPH model was evaluated by its concordance index, measure of explained randomness (MER), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

Overall, 134,226 patients were analyzed, with an average age of 48.1 ± 15.1 years (76.9% female). Univariate CPH models using AJCC staging demonstrated higher concordance indices, MERs, and AUCs than those using ATA risk classification (all p < 0.001). Multivariable CPH models using AJCC staging demonstrated higher concordance indices (p = 0.049), MERs (p = 0.046), and AUCs (p = 0.002) than those using ATA risk classification. The AICs of multivariable AJCC staging and ATA risk models were 7.564 × 104 and 7.603 × 104, respectively. AJCC stage I tumors were associated with greater overall survival than those classified as ATA low risk, whereas AJCC stages II‐III and stage IV tumors demonstrated worse survival than ATA intermediate‐ and high‐risk tumors, respectively (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

AJCC staging may be a more predictive system for patient survival than ATA risk. The prognostic utility of these two systems converges when additional demographic and clinical factors are considered. AJCC staging was found to classify patients across a wider range of survival patterns than the ATA risk stratification system.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:205–211, 2023
Waitlist and posttransplantation outcomes of lean individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ochoa‐Allemant Pedro , Trivedi Hirsh D. , Saberi Behnam , Bonder Alan , Fricker Zachary P.
Published: June 2022

Lean individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent a subset of patients with a distinct risk factor profile. We assessed the association between body mass index (BMI) on waitlist and postliver transplantation (LT) outcomes among these patients. We retrospectively analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing data, including adult patients with NAFLD listed for LT between February 27, 2002, and June 30, 2020. We first used competing risk analyses to estimate the association of BMI with waitlist removal due to death or clinical deterioration. We then conducted Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression models to determine the impact of weight change during the waiting list on all‐cause mortality and graft failure after LT. Patients with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) suffered higher waitlist removal (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.43; p = 0.001) compared with patients with obesity class I (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2). Those who remained at normal weight had higher all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.61, 95% CI 1.32–1.96; p <0.001) and graft failure (aHR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32–1.88; p <0.001) than patients with stable obesity. Among patients with normal weight, those with the greatest weight increase (BMI gain ≥3 kg/m2) had lower all‐cause mortality (aHR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.93; p = 0.03) and graft failure (aHR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.81; p = 0.01) compared with patients with stable weight (BMI change ≤1 kg/m2). Patients with NAFLD with normal weight have increased waitlist removal and those who remained at normal weight during the waitlist period have worse posttransplantation outcomes. Identifying and addressing factors influencing apparent healthy weight prior to LT are crucial to mitigate poor outcomes.
Excellent Crystallinity and Stability Covalent–Organic Frameworks with High Emission and Anions Sensing
Authors: Wan Jieqiong , Shi Wei , Li Yan , Yu Yue , Wu Xiaohan , Li Zhongping , Lee Seung Yong , Lee Kyu Hyoung
Published: June 2022

Covalent–organic frameworks (COFs) are a new class of porous crystalline frameworks with high π‐conjugation and periodical skeletons. The highly ordered π‐conjugation structures in some COFs allow exciton migration and energy transfer over the frameworks, which leads to good fluorescence probing ability. In this work, two COFs (TFHPB‐TAPB‐COF and TFHPB‐TTA‐COF) are successfully condensed via the Schiff base condensation reaction. The intramolecular hydrogen bonds between imine bonds and hydroxyl groups form the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) strategy. Owing to intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the skeleton, the two COFs show high crystallinity, remarkable stability, and excellent luminescence. The COFs represent a good sensitivity and selectivity to fluoride anions via fluorescence turn‐off. Other halogen anions (chloride, bromide, and iodine) and acid anions (nitrate and hydrogen carbonate) remain inactive. These results imply that only fluoride anion is capable of opening the hydrogen bond interaction and hence break the ESIPT strategy. The detection limit toward fluoride anion is down to nanomoles level, ranking the best performances among fluoride anion sensors systems.
Resolving Missing Data from the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale: Implications for Telemedicine
Authors: Luo Sheng , Goetz Christopher G. , Choi Dongrak , Aggarwal Sanket , Mestre Tiago A. , Stebbins Glenn T.
Published: June 2022

Background

Telemedicine has become standard in clinical care and research during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Remote administration of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Part III (Motor Examination) precludes ratings of all items, because Rigidity and Postural Stability (six scores) require in‐person rating.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine imputation accuracy for total‐sum and item‐specific MDS‐UPDRS Motor Examination scores in remote administration.

Methods

We applied multivariate imputation by chained equations techniques in a cross‐sectional dataset where patients had one MDS‐UPDRS rating (International Translational Program, n = 8,588) and in a longitudinal dataset where patients had multiple ratings (Rush Program, n = 396). Successful imputation was stringently defined as (1) generalized Lin's concordance correlation coefficient >0.95, reflecting near‐perfect agreement between total‐sum score with complete data and surrogate score, calculated without patients’ actual Rigidity and Postural Stability scores; and (2) perfect agreement for item‐level scores for Rigidity and Postural Stability items.

Results

For total‐sum score when Rigidity and Postural Stability scores were withdrawn, using one or multiple visits, multivariate imputation by chained equations imputation reached near‐perfect agreement with the original total‐sum score. However, at the item level, the degree of perfect agreement between the surrogate and actual Rigidity items and Postural Stability scores always fell below threshold.

Conclusions

The MDS‐UPDRS Part III total‐sum score, a key clinical outcome in research and in clinical practice, can be accurately imputed without the Rigidity and Postural Stability items that cannot be rated by telemedicine. No formula, however, allows for specific item‐level imputation. When Rigidity and Postural Stability item scores are of key clinical or research interest, patients with PD must be scored in person. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Coalition: Gun violence prevention policy should not equate violence with MH
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Another spate of tragic mass shootings around the country including in Uvalde, Texas; Buffalo, New York; and Tulsa, Oklahoma have sparked action by lawmakers to address gun prevention efforts and solutions to preventing further tragedies. They continue work on federal legislation, which includes background checks for gun buyers under age 21 and preventing gun sales to domestic violence offenders. Although the legislative framework includes more funding for mental health services, advocates want to make sure these efforts do not include scapegoating people with mental health disabilities.
Former NIMH director says it's time for social justice movement in mental health
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2022

The mental health community has enough tools to achieve treatment success and enough professionals to implement them, but continues not to deliver care in optimal ways, the former director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) said in a sobering webinar presentation this month.