bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐pot hydrothermal synthesis of porous anatase TiO2 nanotube formed bundles for lithium ion battery anodes
Authors: Ko Wen‐Yin , Wang Yu‐Ping , Wu Tung‐Ching , Hsu Wei‐Cheng , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh
Published: April 2023

Anatase phase of TiO2 nanomaterial has been deemed a potential anode material for lithium ion battery (LIB) applications because of its remarkable electrochemical properties. However, TiO2 anodes always suffer from intrinsic poor electrical conductivity and slow ion kinetics, which would restrict their practical usage. To address this issue, efficient control and design of the anatase crystal structure of TiO2 material with desirable morphology is one of the critical approaches. In this work, a good lithium storage capability of 181 mA hr g−1 at rate of 0.2C, high rate performance of 70 mA hr g−1 at 20C, and excellent cyclability of 117 mA hr g−1 with a capacity retention of 93% at 1C after 100 cycles and 84 mA hr g−1 at 10C after 1,000 cycles are observed in an optimized porous anatase TiO2 one‐dimensional nanotube bundle nanomaterial fabricated through a simple hydrothermal process with post calcination treatment. These excellent electrochemical properties of the product can be ascribed to its anatase crystal phase, 1D nanostructure, and porous framework with a large surface area, which provide it with an efficient electrode/electrolyte contact area and a faster ion/electron diffusion pathway.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: Management of immune‐related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Chitnis Saurabh D. , Mortazavi Amir
Published: April 2023

GUIDELINE TITLE: Management of Immune‐Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: ASCO Guideline Update

RELEASE DATE: November 1, 2021

PRIOR VERSION(S): February 14, 2018

DEVELOPER: American Society of Clinical Oncology

FUNDING SOURCE: American Society of Clinical Oncology

TARGET POPULATION: Adult patients with cancer receiving treatment with immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors alone
Energy regimes help tackle limitations with the prehistoric cultural‐phases approach to learn about sustainable transitions: Archaeological evidence from northern Spain
Authors: Martinez Alexandre , Kluiving Sjoerd , Muñoz‐Rojas José , Borja Barrera César , Fraile Jurado Pablo , Roldán Muñoz María Esperanza , Mejías‐García Juan Carlos
Published: April 2023

Human societies face challenges in transitioning towards low‐carbon economies and sustainable management of land use and natural resources. Documenting and learning from past transitions helps policy‐makers cope with such challenges. The agricultural revolution in Cantabrian Spain (ca. 7000 cal a bp) was one major adaptation of hunter‐gatherers to a changing environment that started with the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 24 000 cal a bp) and lasted until the Mid‐Holocene (ca. 5300 cal a bp). Classic approaches to documenting prehistoric cultural timelines are based on manufacturing and technology, thus limited in their ability to describe the sustainability of past societies. Energy regimes, a functional societal approach independent from time, investigate and consider patterns of resource and energy use in various cohabiting and cooperating cultural phases. To examine past energy regimes, a database of archaeological remains was compiled to document four indicators: mobility, economy, overexploitation and societal complexity. Statistical analyses were conducted to elucidate trends, changes and continuity in subsistence strategies by hunter‐gatherers and sedentary societies. Results show that energy regimes act as a complement to cultural phases, adding novel functional analyses of past societies to cultural stratigraphy units common in archaeology, shedding light on the sustainability of past societal transitions.
Identification and molecular docking study of sugarcane leaf‐derived compounds as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV, α‐glucosidase, and α‐amylase inhibitors
Authors: Kan Ruotong , Ren Pengfei , Wu AXue , Tang Qingjuan , Kong Biao , Xue Changhu
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV), α‐glucosidase, and α‐amylase play a prominent role in regulating postprandial blood sugar levels, which are regarded as key targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to characterize bioactive compounds as potent crucial sugar metabolism enzyme inhibitors from sugarcane leaves by virtual screening. In total, 41 sugarcane leaf‐derived compounds were used for the screening of multiple targets. Subsequently, the molecular mechanism and activity validation in vitro of the interaction between enzymes and compound were carried out.

RESULTS

Flavonoid compound schaftoside was identified by molecular simulation and showed significant DPP‐IV (0.1050 ± 1.22 mmol L−1), α‐glucosidase (0.078 ± 0.06 mmol L−1), and α‐amylase (0.3067 ± 0.35 mmol L−1) inhibitory effects. The residues ARG125 and TYR662 of DPP‐IV may play crucial roles in inhibiting the activity of DPP‐IV. Multiple hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions were exhibited between schaftoside and α‐glucosidase. Molecular modeling revealed that schaftoside displays strong binding with the catalytic triad (ASP197, ASP300, and GLU233) of α‐amylase.

CONCLUSION

Our findings demonstrate that schaftoside from sugarcane leaves might be an edible for T2DM treatment.” © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of lentinan on gelling properties and structural changes of goose myofibrillar protein under oxidative stress
Authors: Fan Xiankang , Fu Li , Liu Mingzhen , Sun Yangying , Zeng Xiaoqun , Wu Zhen , Du Lihui , Pan Daodong
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

The reduction of protein oxidation is important for maintaining the product quality of reconstituted meat. In this study, the dose‐dependent effects of lentinan (LNT) on gelling properties and chemical changes in oxidatively stressed goose myofibrillar protein were investigated.

RESULTS

Myofibrillar protein (MP) with 200 μmol g−1 protein LNT increased gel strength by 87.90 ± 9.26% in comparison with LNT‐free myofibrillar protein after oxidation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the gel network containing LNT was compact, with small pores and uniform distribution. The absolute value of the zeta potential reduced significantly following oxidation of LNT with 200 μmol g−1 protein at 4 °C for 12 h compared with the zeta potential without LNT, according to the laser particle size analyzer. The incorporation of LNT increased protein solubility and –SH content, inhibited carbonyl formation, enhanced α‐helix content and tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence intensity, and reduced exposure of hydrophobic groups and protein aggregation.

CONCLUSION

The results indicated that adding LNT to myofibrillar protein could improve gel. This is related to its protective effect on conformational changes in the oxidation system. Lentinan is therefore recommended for oxidatively stressed goose meat processing to enhance the MP gelling potential. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
How do ambient conditions and management actions affect manatee movements and habitat use?
Authors: Slone Daniel H. , Butler Susan M. , Reid James P. , Kleen Joyce , Palmer Joyce
Published: April 2023

Kings Bay in northwest Florida, USA, is an important winter home of the largest aggregation of Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), and the only location in the United States where visitors legally swim and interact with manatees. In addition to ambient conditions, visitors to the area and management actions have the potential to influence manatee behaviors. We tracked 32 manatees with satellite‐linked global position system (GPS) telemetry tags in Kings Bay from 2006 to 2018. Also, personnel at Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge collected manatee counts at Three Sisters Springs from 2014 to 2017. Our objectives were to document the use of springs and other habitat components in Kings Bay relative to ambient water temperature, time of day, tide stage, and management actions within Three Sisters Springs and other manatee sanctuaries in the bay. Manatees that we tagged in Kings Bay spent a median 87% of the winter within the local study area, compared to 47% for animals that we tagged in the Florida Panhandle. Manatees showed preferences for King and Magnolia springs basins at low tide, indicating that they function as tidal refuges, when other locations may be less accessible; we also recorded within spring basin movements. Magnolia Spring Basin showed a significant diel pattern overall, and within basins, King Spring, Tarpon Hole, and Three Sisters Springs were used more during the night than during the day. All areas outside Kings Bay were used more at warmer ambient gulf water temperatures, while all of the springs basins were used more when gulf temperature was colder, especially Three Sisters Springs Basin. Management of Three Sisters Springs had an influence on manatee use during times of cold ambient gulf water temperatures; manatees used the springs more when the spring was closed to visitors, versus when the springs were completely open or when the spring lobes alone were closed. Manatee decisions were consistent with avoiding human interactions.
A Perspective on Synthetic Dimensions in Photonics
Authors: Ehrhardt Max , Weidemann Sebastian , Maczewsky Lukas J. , Heinrich Matthias , Szameit Alexander
Published: April 2023

The concept of synthetic dimension has recently emerged as a versatile way to overcome limitations in the number of effectively available dimensions by leveraging non‐spatial degrees of freedom to mimic additional geometric ones. In particular, the field of photonics offers a plethora of technological possibilities for controlling photons and their degrees of freedom, such as polarization, frequency, or orbital angular momentum. Consequently, a broad range of higher‐dimensional physical phenomena is already experimentally accessible in lower‐dimensional photonic devices and has been used and celebrated, for instance, for the exploration of topological physics. The field of synthetic dimensions is currently even further boosted due to additional mathematical mapping procedures, which pave the way toward even higher synthetic dimensions or, in the presence of optical nonlinearities, can translate to multi‐particle quantum systems, allowing appealing alternatives for quantum simulation. In this perspective, current experimental approaches for harnessing synthetic dimensions to probe higher‐dimensional physics on various light‐based platforms are summarized and discussed including an outlook on promising future prospects in this field.
Geometric Phase Control of Surface Plasmons by Dipole Sources
Authors: Jiang Xiaohan , Xu Quan , Lang Yuanhao , Liu Wanying , Chen Xieyu , Xu Yuehong , Ren Hang , Wang Xibin , Xu Su , Zhang Xueqian , Ouyang Chunmei , Tian Zhen , Gu Jianqiang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: April 2023

Geometric phase metasurfaces, as one of the main branches of meta‐optics, have attracted enormous interest in the last two decades. Recently, through rotating a set of subwavelength dipole sources, geometric phase concept has been extended to near‐field regime for the control of surface plasmons (SPs). Despite this progress, puzzles and shortcomings still exist: it is curious that geometric phases equal to once and twice the rotation angle of dipole source are both reported for SP controls, and the control strategies examined thus far only work for a single wavelength. Hereby, a rigorous derivation of the SP excitation of dipole sources upon circularly polarized illumination is performed, and the rotation dependence and in‐plane coordinate correlation of geometric phase control of SPs is clarified. Moreover, a holographic approach is proposed to implement multiplexed geometric phase control, experimentally demonstrating several metalenses that can couple and steer the incident circular polarizations of four wavelengths and two spin directions to different SP focusing beams. This work will pave an avenue toward the development of integrated and multiplexed SP devices.
Punding in Parkinson's Disease: An Update
Authors: Rajalingam Rajasumi , Fasano Alfonso
Published: April 2023

Background

Punding is a stereotyped behavior characterized by an intense fascination with a complex, excessive, non‐goal oriented, repetitive activity affecting individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) on dopamine replacement therapy (DRT).

Objectives

In 2010, we published the first review focused on the pathophysiology of punding. This study aims to systematically review the literature of the past decade on punding in PD, particularly focusing on the clinical features, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment.

Methods

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, and APA PsycInfo for articles published between July 1, 2010 and March 19, 2022. The search strategy included: (punding) AND (parkinson*).

Results

Of 256 studies identified, 29 were eligible for inclusion with 19 original research articles and 10 case reports. This review confirmed that predictors of punding in PD are higher doses of DRT, younger age, male sex, and increasing disease severity. We also found an association between punding and psychiatric and/or cognitive symptoms. Neuroimaging studies have showed that punding in PD is associated with a disconnection between midbrain, limbic and white matter tracts projecting to the frontal cortices and a breakdown of the connectivity among the crucial nodes of the reward circuit. Low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to produce a transient beneficial effect in PD patients with punding.

Conclusion

In conclusion, although the clinical features of punding have been established, in the past 12 years, we gained a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of punding, mainly thanks to magnetic resonance imaging techniques.
Analysis of degenerate Burgers' equations involving small perturbation and large wave amplitude
Authors: Ghani Mohammad
Published: April 2023

We only focus on the shock waves to Burgers system by considering the porous medium diffusion and singularity in energy estimates. In this paper, the conditions
and
are considered. Moreover, we establish the existence of shock waves through the phase plane. The weighted function is employed to handle the singularity in the weighted energy estimates under small perturbations and arbitrary wave amplitudes. Finally, the weighted energy estimates are then used to prove the stability of shock waves.
Core–shell magnetic‐modified molecular imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP) for dihydroartemisinin recognition and separation
Authors: Fauzia Syiffa , Andreas Andreas , Muzdalifah Dian , Ramadhan Muhammad Arif
Published: April 2023

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an artemisinin derivative compounds that employs as malaria drug. Extraction and purification artemisinin derivatives by liquid extraction utilize organic solvent and results in mixtures of compounds requiring further purification process. In this study, core–shell magnetic molecular imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP) has been synthesized for DHA isolation. Methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were employed as monomer and cross‐linker, respectively. Fe3O4 was modified by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to enhance stability and prevent aggregation. Nonimprinted polymer (Fe3O4@SiO2@NIP) was also prepared as a comparison. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) represented OO stretching of OOC bond (1,2,4‐trioxane ring) at 825 cm−1 denoting that DHA has been successfully attached to MIP. Meanwhile, the morphology of Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP and Fe3O4@SiO2@NIP revealed uniform spherical‐like form particle due to core–shell magnetic modification. The Brunaeur–Emmett–Teller (BET) revealed SBET of Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP and Fe3O4@SiO2@NIP was 70.16 and 19.56 m2 g−1, respectively. The prepared materials owned a superparamagentic behavior as indicated by narrow loop and low remanence and coercivity. The binding study indicated that Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP and Fe3O4@SiO2@NIP were achieved optimum condition at pH 4, contact time 90 min and initial concentration 8 mg L−1 with adsorption capacity (qexp) 1.026 mg g−1 for Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP and 0.806 for Fe3O4@SiO2@NIP. The selectivity of Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP was more than 60% in all over the ratio. The prepared MIP exhibited good selectivity toward DHA with imprinting factor (IF) 2.14 and selectivity coefficient (α) 3.43. The percent adsorption of Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP did not changed after three times adsorption–desorption cycles. The result exhibited that Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP could effectively be used for DHA separation.
Screening of anti‐thrombin active components from Ligusticum chuanxiong by affinity‐ultrafiltration coupled with HPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MSn
Authors: Huang Chencun , Zhao Yuan , Huang Shiyi , Li Li , Yuan Zhiying , Xu Guangming
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Ligusticum chuanxiong (‘chuanxiong’) is a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, which is often used to treat thrombotic diseases. However, its potential anticoagulant active ingredients have been unexplored.

Objectives

The study aims to establish an affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry (AUF‐MS) method for rapid screening of anti‐thrombin active components of chuanxiong and to verify it in vitro.

Method

In this study, the chemical constituents of different parts of chuanxiong were determined. A method for rapid screening of anticoagulant active ingredients by AUF‐MS was established using thrombin as an affinity receptor target. Subsequently, the anticoagulant effect of such ligands was verified by in vitro anticoagulation experiments such as chromogenic substrate method and in vitro coagulation assay. Then the possible interaction mechanism between these ligands and thrombin was further studied by molecular docking.

Results

Twenty‐one components were detected from different parts of chuanxiong. And three potential anti‐thrombin active components were screened: ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A by AUF coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MSn). The in vitro activity experiments and molecular docking revealed that these potential ligands exhibited strong binding ability and inhibitory activities on thrombin.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that chuanxiong is a traditional Chinese medicine with excellent anticoagulation effects. Meanwhile, the integrated strategy based on AUF‐MS, in vitro experiments and molecular docking also provided a powerful tool for further exploration of active ingredients responsible for the anticoagulant activity in chuanxiong.
An elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model for the rate‐dependent behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride
Authors: Lenders Tom , Remmers Joris J. C. , Pini Tommaso , Veenstra Peter , Govaert Leon E. , Geers Marc G. D.
Published: April 2023

To model the engineering performance of components made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the 3D elasto‐viscoplastic Eindhoven glassy polymer (EGP) model is extended to describe the rate‐dependent behavior of PVDF. Careful analysis of the intrinsic behavior of PVDF revealed that the postyield compressive response shows a strain rate‐dependence that evolves with increasing deformation. The extension of the constitutive model captures the deformation‐dependent evolution of the activation volume and the rate‐factor, which describes the driving stress. Given the significant temperature‐dependent behavior, the model has been characterized for different temperatures (23, 55 and 75 °C). The accuracy of the model has been validated by means of tension and creep experiments at these temperatures. The constitutive model is implemented in finite element simulations and the results are compared with the experiments. It is shown that the proposed model allows for an accurate prediction of the short‐ and long‐term rate‐dependent behavior of PVDF.
Generalized phase I‐II designs to increase long term therapeutic success rate
Authors: Thall Peter F. , Zang Yong , Yuan Ying
Published: April 2023

Designs for early phase dose finding clinical trials typically are either phase I based on toxicity, or phase I‐II based on toxicity and efficacy. These designs rely on the implicit assumption that the dose of an experimental agent chosen using these short‐term outcomes will maximize the agent's long‐term therapeutic success rate. In many clinical settings, this assumption is not true. A dose selected in an early phase oncology trial may give suboptimal progression‐free survival or overall survival time, often due to a high rate of relapse following response. To address this problem, a new family of Bayesian generalized phase I‐II designs is proposed. First, a conventional phase I‐II design based on short‐term outcomes is used to identify a set of candidate doses, rather than selecting one dose. Additional patients then are randomized among the candidates, patients are followed for a predefined longer time period, and a final dose is selected to maximize the long‐term therapeutic success rate, defined in terms of duration of response. Dose‐specific sample sizes in the randomization are determined adaptively to obtain a desired level of selection reliability. The design was motivated by a phase I‐II trial to find an optimal dose of natural killer cells as targeted immunotherapy for recurrent or treatment‐resistant B‐cell hematologic malignancies. A simulation study shows that, under a range of scenarios in the context of this trial, the proposed design has much better performance than two conventional phase I‐II designs.
Systematic review on the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of flower extracts in in vivo pre‐clinical studies published from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Meneses Constanza , Valdes‐Gonzalez Marisela , Garrido‐Suárez Barbara B. , Garrido Gabino
Published: April 2023

Anxiety disorders are prevalent conditions in the world population, whose standard approaches include pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and combinations of these interventions. Different classes of psychopharmaceuticals are recommended as the first line of drugs to treat these disorders, which can have several adverse effects, treatment resistance, dependence, and drug–drug interactions making it necessary to search for new therapeutic agents. In particular, diazepam (DZP), a prototype drug from the group of benzodiazepines, has been commonly used and evaluated for its efficacy and safety in different anxiety disorders in clinical trials. DZP is also the most widely used reference standard in in vivo pharmacological assays of natural compounds. However, translating the results obtained in different rodent species and physiological anxiety tests instead of psychopathological animal models that can be of clinical application remains challenging. A systematic review of scientific articles published between 2010 and 2020 that included in vivo pre‐clinical tests to define the anxiolytic, sedative and/or hypnotic effect of flower extracts is proposed. PRISMA and Rayyan were used for the selection of studies using four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and QInsight), using the keywords: “Animals,” “Anxiolytic,” “Diazepam,” “Elevated Plus Maze,” “Flower Extracts,” “Insomnia,” “In vivo,” “Mice,” “Open Field Test,” “Pre clinical” and “Sedative.” The characteristics of anxiety studies in animal models, other studies related to locomotor activity, and the hypnotic effect of the extracts were compiled. Twenty‐four articles were included, 21 of them performed the animal model of anxiety‐like behavior of the elevated plus maze, seven the open field test, and six the light–dark box test. The locomotor activity was evaluated in 10 studies after the administration of the extracts to the animals to define their sedative effect, where only one defined that the extract (Matricaria chamomilla) had a sedative effect. The plants declared with this type of activity were Achyranthes aspera, Alcea aucheri, Brassica nigra, Cananga odorata, Carthamus tinctorius, Chrysanthemum indicum, Citrus aurantium, Couroupita guianensis, Echium amoenum, Erythrina berteroana, Gardenia jasminoides, Hibiscus tilliaceus, Lavandula officinalis, Lawsonia inermis, Matricaria chamomilla, Melia azedarach, Nerium oleander, Passiflora incarnata, Plumeria rubra, Salix aegyptiaca, Syzygium aromaticum, Tagetes erecta, Tilia americana. Although this review showed that some flower extracts have an anxiolytic effect as effective as diazepam, their therapeutic utility in anxiety disorders remains to be extensively demonstrated. Hence, more reliable and predictive behavioral tests and appropriate strategies for the experimental designs are needed to obtain more conclusive evidence with clinical significance.
Predictive ability of physicochemical properties of antiemetic drugs using degree‐based entropies
Authors: Hui Zhi‐hao , Naeem Muhammad , Rauf Abdul , Aslam Adnan
Published: April 2023

Antiemetic drugs are prescribed to help with nausea and vomiting, which are side effects of other drugs. Topological indices/Entropies are used in QSPR research to predict the bioactivity of chemical substances. This paper proposes predicting physical properties using degree‐based entropies. A Maple‐based program is being developed to make the computation of degree‐based entropy easier. A QSPR analysis is an effective statistical tool for determining pharmacological activity or binding mode for various receptors. Using a linear regression model, we found that the Augmented Zagreb entropy helps predict Complexity and the first Zagreb entropy and Balaban entropy help predict Heavy Atom Count, Topological Polar Surface Area, Monoisotopic Mass and Molecular Weight. In multiple linear regression, the results exhibit that the , , , , and entropies statistically significantly predict the Heavy Atom Count, Topological Polar Surface Area, Complexity, Monoisotopic Mass & Molecular Weight. This analysis may help chemists and other working in the pharmaceutical industry predict the properties of antiemetic drugs without experimenting.
Widespread occurrence of in‐source fragmentation in the analysis of natural compounds by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Lin , Pan Hong , Zhai Guohong , Luo Qi , Li Yi , Fang Chao , Shi Fuguo
Published: April 2023

Rationale

The in‐source fragmentation (ISF) of analyte or co‐eluting substances produces unintentional fragment ions, which hampers identification and quantification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Natural compounds derived from plants also contain fragile moieties that may undergo ISF. However, the characteristics of ISF of natural compounds in LC/MS are still unclear.

Methods

The ISF behavior of 214 natural compounds was assayed in LC with Q/orbitrap MS in electrospray ionization (ESI) mode and the extent of ISF was evaluated.

Results

Up to 82% of tested compounds underwent ISF and half of the tested natural compounds that contain more than one fragile moiety underwent successive and severe ISF to generate serial structurally related ISF products. The major ISF‐altering moieties for natural compounds were hydroxyl, lactone, glycosyl and ether, resulting in neutral loss of H2O or CO, deglycosylation or cleavage of ether bond, respectively. Some compounds such as terpenoids underwent severe ISF and less than 1% parent form can be observed. For natural compounds, ISF products with similar structures are more likely to cause interference in analysis because the ISF products may share identical mass‐to‐charge ratio and similar MS2 fragmentation patterns with precursor ions of the homologs in plants. Furthermore, severe ISF may cause a false negative in the identification of the parent form.

Conclusions

In summary, ISF was a highly frequent phenomenon for analysis of natural compounds by LC/ESI‐MS, and extensive and successive ISF of natural products may cause misannotation and misidentification with homologs in plants. The study should raise awareness of ISF interference during the analysis of natural compounds.
The sustainable transport planning index: A tool for the sustainable implementation of public transportation
Authors: Ghafouri‐Azar Mona , Diamond Sara , Bowes Jeremy , Gholamalizadeh Ehsan
Published: April 2023

The transportation sector contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, so it is crucial to assess and measure the sustainability of transportation systems. In this context, this study was conducted to develop an integrated index through the use of the multi‐criteria decision analysis method. The method combines existing discrete indexes into one comprehensive evaluation of public transportation, resulting in the sustainable transport planning index (STPI). In the STPI model, sustainability of transportation systems is assessed based on social, economic, and environmental factors that support the implementation of zero emission busses. The weight of each indicator is determined through the analytical hierarchy process, where expert judgment is used to assess the relative importance of each indicator. Normalization of indicators is performed to ensure comparability and consistency. The final STPI index is calculated as the weighted average of the normalized indicators. The STPI model reduces bias in the decision‐making process by considering multiple aspects and utilizing a structured approach to transport planning. The results of this method can provide valuable insights for decision‐makers, public transport agencies, government ministries, the private sector, and other stakeholders. As case study model, the STPI model was applied to the public transport system of the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2019, however; the methodology and lessons learned are applicable to all countries that are in the process of assembling data sets to weigh trade‐offs and inclusions in relation to sustainable transit such as accessibility and health impacts.
Magnetic Polaron States in Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Enable Hydrogen Peroxide Photoproduction
Authors: Zdražil Lukáš , Baďura Zdeněk , Langer Michal , Kalytchuk Sergii , Panáček David , Scheibe Magdalena , Kment Štěpán , Kmentová Hana , Thottappali Muhammed Arshad , Mohammadi Elmira , Medveď Miroslav , Bakandritsos Aristides , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Zbořil Radek , Otyepka Michal
Published: April 2023

Photoactivation of aspartic acid‐based carbon dots (Asp‐CDs) induces the generation of spin‐separated species, including electron/hole (e−/h+) polarons and spin‐coupled triplet states, as uniquely confirmed by the light‐induced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relative population of the e−/h+ pairs and triplet species depends on the solvent polarity, featuring a substantial stabilization of the triplet state in a non‐polar environment (benzene). The electronic properties of the photoexcited Asp‐CDs emerge from their spatial organization being interpreted as multi‐layer assemblies containing a hydrophobic carbonaceous core and a hydrophilic oxygen and nitrogen functionalized surface. The system properties are dissected theoretically by density functional theory in combination with molecular dynamics simulations on quasi‐spherical assemblies of size‐variant flakelike model systems, revealing the importance of size dependence and interlayer effects. The formation of the spin‐separated states in Asp‐CDs enables the photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from water and water/2‐propanol mixture via a water oxidation reaction.
Properties of Starch‐Based Nanocomposites with Starch‐Coated ZnONP Obtained by Flat‐Die Extrusion
Authors: Quintero‐Borregales Lucía M. , Guz Lucas , Goyanes Silvia , Famá Lucía
Published: April 2023

Fast‐growing environmental concern has made nanotechnology surge as an enhancer of eco‐friendly materials. In this research, biodegradable and active nanocomposites are developed from thermoplastic starch films with the incorporation of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles eco‐friendly synthesized with starch (ZnONP) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 wt.%) by flat‐die extrusion. ZnONP at 2 and 5 wt.% enhances Young's modulus (E), strain at break (εb), and tensile toughness (T), and decreases the water solubility (WS) and moisture content (MC), also inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. Additionally, with 5 wt.% of nanofiller, a hydrophobic material with UV‐A and UV‐B shielding is also achieved. Furthermore, all films are fully biodegraded in vegetal compost at around 4 weeks. The results show that ZnONP can be a very promising alternative as a reinforcing and active agent for preparing new starch‐based nanocomposites for the food packaging and coating industry.
Comparison of the Thermal and Rheological Properties of Frontière Brown Rice Flour, Tapioca Starch, and Potato Starch and Mixture Effects on Pasting Properties in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Aleman Ricardo S. , Paz Gabriella , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Moncada Marvin , King Joan M.
Published: April 2023

Gluten‐free blends utilize starches, gums, hydrocolloids, and proteins for viscoelasticity, gas holding ability, and crumb structure of dough and batter without gluten. This study examines Frontière brown rice flour (HPBRF), a new high protein rice cultivar, with tapioca starch (TS) and potato starch (PS) in an aqueous model system in a mixture design, to study interaction effects on pasting properties. The effect of the flour from this new cultivar on the pasting properties of other starches typically used in gluten‐free products has not yet been tested. Pasting properties are analyzed with a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). Rheological and thermal characterization of the flour and starches are also done using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a rheometer. The blends of HPBRF and PS affect the pasting properties compared to each alone, and it is observed that the application of HPBRF with PS decreases breakdown viscosity and peak viscosity, significantly compared to PS alone. Also, the ternary mixture considerably decreases the retrogradation potential for HPBRF, which indicates more stability during storage. These positive and negative effects can indicate how combined usage of these ingredients for the development of bakery products can impact physiochemical properties of gluten‐free bakery products.
Molecular Engineering of Carbohydrate Recognition
Authors: Sun Zhanhu , Fan Bowen , Webber Matthew J.
Published: April 2023

Carbohydrates play a number of structural, functional, and metabolic roles in underpinning natural life processes, acting in states of both health and disease. Given this importance, over millions of years of evolution, living systems have developed an ability to recognize and bind carbohydrates, achieving remarkable recognition affinity and specificity in spite of the often hydrophilic and ubiquitous character of carbohydrate targets. In recent years, bio‐inspired synthetic receptors have been developed to bind carbohydrates, with examples of (pseudo)temple‐shaped receptors, flexible receptors, and dynamic‐covalent/coordinative receptors reported. Certain of these have even demonstrated promising results, for example in binding glucose or exhibiting antiviral and antibiotic function. Accordingly, and in spite of remaining challenges, the development of synthetic receptors for carbohydrate recognition holds great promise to combat some of the most urgent problems facing our world today.
RETRACTED: Circular forms of dedicator of cytokinesis 1 promotes breast cancer progression by derepressing never in mitosis related kinase 2 via sponging miR‐128‐3p
Authors: Ni Zhaoxian , Liu Weiyan , Pan Gaofeng , Mao Anwei , Liu Jiazhe , Zhang Qing , Li Jindong , Liu Limin , Li Hongchang
Published: April 2023

The conjecture of breast cancer is uncertain because of its explosive growth and the complicated molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regulatory RNA sequences present in the genome and their regulatory mechanism involves the sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we explored the regulation between circular forms of dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (circDOCK1) (hsa_circ_0007142) and miR‐128‐3p, and its implication on the pathogenesis of breast cancer modulated by never in mitosis (NIMA) related kinase 2 (NEK2). We revealed an increase in circDOCK1 and NEK2 expression, and a decrease in miR‐128‐3p expression in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation indicated a positive correlation between circDOCK1 and NEK2 expression but a negative correlation was recorded between miR‐128‐3p and circDOCK1 or NEK2, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of circDOCK1 expression was followed by an increase in miR‐128‐3p and a decrease in NEK2 levels in vitro and in vivo. The luciferase assay concluded that miR‐128‐3p was a direct target of circDOCK1 while NEK2 was the direct target of miR‐128‐3p. Furthermore, circDOCK1 inhibition hindered breast cancer development by repressing NEK2 and thus promoting the increased expression of miR‐128‐3p both in vitro and in vivo. We therefore conclude that circDOCK1 promotes breast cancer progression by targeting miR‐128‐3p‐mediated downregulation of NEK2 and that the circDOCK1/hsa‐miR‐128‐3p/NEK2 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
RETRACTED: Efficacy of three‐dimensional arterial spin labeling and how it compares against that of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative grading of brain gliomas
Authors: Wang Kai , Guo Huanxuan , Tian Xiaoyan , Miao Yanping , Han Ping , Jin Feng
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of three‐dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D‐ASL) imaging in preoperative grading of brain gliomas, and compare the discrepancy between images obtained from 3D‐ASL and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) in grading of gliomas.

Methods

Fifty‐one patients with brain gliomas received plain MRI, CE‐MRI and 3D‐ASL scanning before surgery. In 3D‐ASL images, the maximum tumor blood flow (TBF) of tumor parenchyma was measured, relative TBF‐M and rTBF‐WM were calculated. The cases were categorized into “ASL dominant” and “CE dominant” to compare the discrepancy between 3D‐ASL and CE‐MRI results. Independent samples t test, Mann‐Whitney and U test and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to test the differences of TBF, rTBF‐M and rTBF‐WM values among brain gliomas with different grades. Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between TBF, rTBF‐M, rTBF‐WM and glioma grades respectively. To compare the discrepancy between 3D‐ASL and CE‐MRI results.

Results

In high‐grade gliomas (HGG) group, TBF, rTBF‐M and rTBF‐WM values were higher than those in low‐grade gliomas (LGG) group (p < .05). Multiple comparison showed TBF and rTBF‐WM values were different between grade I and IV gliomas, grade II and IV gliomas (both p < .05), the rTBF‐M value was different between grade I and IV gliomas (p < .05). The values of all 3D‐ASL derived parameters were positively correlated with gliomas grading (all p < .001). TBF showed highest specificity (89.3%) and rTBF‐WM showed highest sensitivity (96.4%) when discriminating LGG and HGG using ROC curve. There were 29 CE dominant cases (23 cases were HGG), 9 ASL dominant cases (4 cases were HGG). 

Conclusion

3D‐ASL is of significance to preoperative grading of brain gliomas and might be more sensitive than CE‐MRI in detection of tumor perfusion.
Copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers is associated with multiple independent genetic variants
Authors: Haywood Susan , Swinburne June , Schofield Ellen , Constantino‐Casas Fernando , Watson Penny
Published: April 2023

Background

Bedlington terrier copper toxicosis (CT) is due to a homozygous exon deletion inCOMMD1. CT also occurs in Bedlingtons lacking this deletion. An association with twoABCA12single nuceotide polymorphism (SNP) splice variants was reported. Labrador retriever CT is associated with a missense mutation inATP7B, and with a protective mutation inATP7A.

Methods

Liver and DNA samples from 24 affected and 10 unaffected Bedlingtons were assessed for copper and genetic variants. Allelic frequencies were compared. TheATP7Bmutation frequency was investigated in 144 dogs of other breeds.

Results

TheABCA12SNPs showed no differences between groups. TheCOMMD1deletion was less frequent in unaffected than in affected dogs and in affected dogs post‐2001 than pre‐2001. TheATP7Bmutation was more frequent in affected than unaffected Bedlingtons. Thirty‐five of 144 dogs of other breeds were homo‐ or heterozygous for theATP7Bmutation. TheATP7Amutation was absent from Bedlingtons.

Limitations

Clinical information and qualitative copper measurements were unavailable for most dogs.

Conclusion

TheCOMMD1deletion remains present in Bedlington terriers but is no longer the primary cause of CT.ABCA12SNPs were not associated with CT. TheATP7B:c.4358G>Amutation was significantly associated with Bedlington CT and was more common in dogs of this breed than in the 144 dogs of other breeds.
Conclusion
Authors: Kearney Amanda , Bradley John , Dodd Vincent , Norman a-Marrngawi Dinah , Timothy a-Muluwamara Mavis , Dimanyurru Graham Friday , a-Karrakayny Annie
Published: April 2023

In the final chapter we conclude the book by restating the nature of Indigenous Law, as the localised configuration of a social, ecological, geographical and ancestral world. Law is held in language, song and ceremony, which delineate a people’s physical and metaphysical territory. In contemporary colonised settings, Indigenous struggles for justice, sovereignty and self-determination are mediated through western frameworks and languages which erase the substance of Indigenous Law in and of itself. Indigenous people are faced with the dilemma of fighting for their family and their Country on terms and within systems that continue to obliterate and marginalise the realpolitik of their Law. In this concluding chapter we encourage researchers, artists, decision-makers, service providers and others who work with Indigenous peoples to seek out respectful relational encounters with Indigenous knowledges and Laws. This means forming relationships with people and communities in situ over extended periods of time wherever possible. As we have demonstrated, Indigenous Law continues to evolve and change in its manifestations between generations in the context of rapid socio-cultural change. However, Law also continues to govern the day-to-day negotiation of politics, people and identity within and between Indigenous communities. Decision-makers of all stripes working with Indigenous communities will benefit from a pluralistic disposition in seeking to better understand the communities they work alongside, and the Country on which they stand.
IC in Israel/Palestine: Normative Influence and Ice Cream Soldiers
Authors: Spitka Timea
Published: April 2023

This chapter outlines US, EU and UN strategies and realities when it comes to the protection of Palestinian and Israeli civilians. Based on the literature, documentation and interviews with protection personnel working within the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, the chapter focuses on the principles and practice of international security organizations operating in the West Bank and Gaza. How effective is the international community in contributing towards protection? How effective are international organizations such as UNWRA and the EU-supported organizations including EUPOL COPPS, EUBAM Rafah, and Norway’s former TIPH (Temporary International Presence in Hebron)? The chapter examines the limits of international humanitarian aid and human rights efforts focused on protection, given the challenges in limited mandates and national and international division within the Palestinian/Israeli conflict.
Conclusion: Path Towards Change
Authors: Spitka Timea
Published: April 2023

Back in 2003, a few years before Hamas took over Gaza, I was working with the Rand Corporation that was doing a study of visioning the future of the Palestinian State. They hired a Los Angeles architect to look at Gaza and draw up a plan for liveable urban area with parks, a beachfront, a sea port, an airport and an industrial zone. We drove around with the municipal authorities and imagined what could be done with the political will and funding. If one thinks of Gaza as mostly urban space, one can imagine a beautiful liveable area with high-rises, parks and a beachfront on the Mediterranean Sea situated next to Egypt and Israel. Half of the population of Gaza is under the age of 18 and hoping for a better life.
Introduction
Authors: Londen Patrick , Walsh Philip , Yoshimi Jeff
Published: April 2023

This book explores phenomenology as a diverse movement in philosophy and as an active research method that crosses disciplinary boundaries. Bringing together overviews of major areas and schools of phenomenology, as well as the most recent applications of phenomenology across a range of fields, this volume offers a concise introduction to phenomenological research. The first part reviews the state of the art in various areas of contemporary phenomenology, including several distinct schools of Husserl and Heidegger scholarship, as well as approaches derived from Merleau-Ponty, Beauvoir, Fanon, and others. A quantitative analysis of citation networks provides visualizations of the field as a whole. The second part showcases phenomenology as a living discipline that is advancing research into questions of embodiment and identity, the arts, and archaeology and anthropology.
The Reading Process: An Intertextual Approach
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Manuel M.
Published: April 2023

In the long history of interconnectedness between philosophy and literature, the twentieth century was marked, to a large extent, by significant developments in the exploration of ties between phenomenology and theories of reader response and reception. In addition, novel philosophical ideas about time, subjectivity, and consciousness influenced many early- and mid-twentieth century authors, whose innovative and experimental works posed newfangled challenges to readers. Understanding and enjoyment of the experimental texts they produced hinged upon a series of cognitive processes that were considerably more complex than what the nineteenth century literary works used to require.
Phenomenology and Architecture: Examining Embodied Experience and Graphic Representations of the Built Environment
Authors: Shields Jennifer A. E.
Published: April 2023

How do we reconcile the way we represent architectural designs with a real, embodied, experience of a built space? Merleau-Ponty suggests that “The Umwelt marks the difference between the world such as it exists in itself, and the world of a living being. It is an intermediary reality between the world as it exists for an absolute observer and a purely subjective domain.” Yet there is a third condition: the anticipation of the world as it might exist, as visualized in drawings. Architectural drawings are understood as referential and non-autonomous; they are representations of architectural space and form. Yet all modalities of two-dimensional spatial representation are abstractions of physical space and form, and are therefore subject to interpretation. This chapter investigates the relationship between physiological responses in the embodied experience of a built space with the responses evoked when looking at various modes of architectural representation.