bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithium superionic conductors Li10MP2O12 (M = Ge, Si)
Authors: Song Shufeng , Dong Zhencai , Deng Fan , Hu Ning
Published: March 2018

The exploration for superionic conductors with new structures and compositions is challengeable for developing safer and high-energy-density batteries. Here, we report lithium superionic conductors with the compositions of Li[Formula: see text]GeP2O[Formula: see text] and Li[Formula: see text]SiP2O[Formula: see text]. The materials are prepared by melt-quenching and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), AC impedance, DC polarization and cyclic voltammetry. Both germanium and silicon members demonstrate same orders of magnitude of bulk and grain-boundary conductivities of 10[Formula: see text] S[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] at room temperature. The crystal structure is investigated by the Rietveld refinement of powder XRD and the migration mechanism of lithium ions is proposed.
Effect of ZrO2 and MgO doping on microstructure and properties of translucent alumina fabricated by rapid vacuum sintering
Authors: Zhang Yaming , Guo Haixia , Wang Bo , Yang Jianfeng
Published: March 2018

Translucent alumina doped with ZrO2 and MgO was fabricated by two-step vacuum sintering (1475[Formula: see text]C/30[Formula: see text]min followed by 1320[Formula: see text]C/20[Formula: see text]min) with a high heating rate (80[Formula: see text]C/min). Densification, grain size, phase composition, mechanical properties and translucency of the alumina were investigated. The results indicated that co-doping of ZrO2 and MgO showed a synergetic effect on grain refinement and densification process. On one hand, the solubility of MgO in alumina was increased by the ZrO2 additive, which was favorable for the densification. On the other hand, more favorable ZrO2 accommodation sites existed at the alumina grain boundaries created by the MgO, effectively decreasing the grain size. Finally, the sample with porosity of 0.5% and mean grain size of 1.21[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m was obtained at a co-doped content of 0.35[Formula: see text]wt.% of ZrO2 and MgO (mass ratio of 1:1). The co-dopants led to the enhanced hardness and bending strength as well as a favorable fracture toughness of the translucent alumina, when compared with the MgO single-doped and doping free samples. Moreover, total transmission of as high as 51% and good translucency was also obtained. The improved properties widened the prospect of the translucent alumina used as dental restorative materials.
Renal ischemic injury results in permanent damage to peritubular capillaries and influences long-term function
Authors: Basile David P. , Donohoe Deborah , Roethe Kelly , Osborn Jeffrey L.
Published: March 2018

First published August 9, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2001.—Acute episodes of severe renal ischemia result in acute renal failure (ARF). These episodes are followed by a characteristic recovery and repair response, whereby tubular morphology and renal function appear completely restored within ∼1 mo. However, the chronic effects of such an injury have not been well studied. Male rats were subjected to 60-min bilateral ischemia followed by reperfusion, yielding a characteristic injury. Postischemic animals manifested severe diuresis, peaking at 1 wk postinjury (volume: >45 ml/day, ARF vs. 18 ml/day, sham; P < 0.05). Urine flow subsequently declined but remained significantly elevated vs. sham animals for a 40-wk period. The prolonged alteration in urinary concentrating ability was attributable, in part, to a diminished capacity to generate a hypertonic medullary interstitium. By week 16, proteinuria developed in the post-ARF group and progressed for the duration of the study. Histological examination revealed essentially normal tubular morphology at 4 and 8 wk postinjury but the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis at 40 wk. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression was elevated at 40 wk, but not at 4 and 8 wk postinjury. Microfil analysis revealed an ∼30–50% reduction in peritubular capillary density in the inner stripe of the outer medulla at 4, 8, and 40 wk in post-ARF groups vs. sham animals. In addition, post-ARF rats manifested a significant pressor response to a low dose of ANG II (15 ng · kg−1· min−1). We hypothesize that severe ischemic injury results in a permanent alteration of renal capillary density, contributing to a urinary concentrating defect and the predisposition toward the development of renal fibrosis.
Simvastatin reverses impaired regulation of renal oxygen consumption in congestive heart failure
Authors: Adler Stephen , Huang Harer , Trochu Jean Noel , Xu Xiaobin , Gupta Shabnam , Hintze Thomas H.
Published: March 2018

First published July 12, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.00138.2001.—Nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) regulates renal O2consumption. This mechanism is impaired in heart and kidney of dogs with heart failure (CHF). Simvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, increases eNOS expression in the endothelium. Therefore, we studied whether simvastatin treatment could restore the regulation of renal O2 consumption by stimulators of NO production in dogs with CHF. Renal O2consumption was measured after stimulation of NO production with bradykinin, ramiprilat, or amlodipine or the NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Simvastatin delayed the time to euthanasia in dogs with CHF (35 ± 1.0 vs. 29 ± 1.2 days; P < 0.01). In normal dogs, bradykinin (10−4 M), ramiprilat (10−4M), amlodipine (10−5 M), and SNAP (10−4 M) significantly reduced O2 consumption in the renal cortex (−31.8 ± 0.9, −30.3 ± 1.1, −30.1 ± 2.0, −46.9 ± 1.0%) and renal medulla (−29.7 ± 2.1, −33.0 ± 2.7, −30.8 ± 2.2, −46.8 ± 1.1%). Responses to bradykinin, ramiprilat, and amlodipine were significantly attenuated in CHF but were partially or completely restored by simvastatin. Responses to SNAP were unaffected. These data demonstrate that treatment with simvastatin improves renal production of NO in CHF, restoring the normal regulation of renal O2 consumption by NO.
Morinda citrifolia L. Leaf Extract Protects against Cerebral Ischemia and Osteoporosis in an In Vivo Experimental Model of Menopause
Authors: Wattanathorn Jintanaporn , Thipkaew Cholathip , Thukham-mee Wipawee , Muchimapura Supaporn , Wannanon Panakaporn , Tong-un Terdthai
Published: March 2018

We aimed to determine the protective effects against cerebral ischemia and osteoporosis of Morinda citrifolia extract in experimental menopause. The neuroprotective effect was assessed by giving M. citrifolia leaf extract at doses of 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg BW to the bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) rats for 7 days. Then, they were occluded in the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 90 minutes. The neurological score, brain infarction volume, oxidative stress status, and ERK1/2 and eNOS activities were assessed 24 hours later. M. citrifolia improved neurological score, brain infarction, and brain oxidative stress status in the cortex of OVX rats plus the MCAO. No changes in ERK 1/2 signal pathway and NOS expression were observed in this area. Our data suggested that the neuroprotective effect of the extract might occur partly via the improvement of oxidative stress status in the cortex. The antiosteoporotic effect in OVX rats was also assessed after an 84‐day intervention of M. citrifolia. The serum levels of calcium, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast density in the tibia were increased, but the density of osteoclast was decreased in OVX rats which received the extract. Therefore, the current data suggested that the extract possessed antiosteoporotic effect by increasing bone formation but decreasing bone resorption.
Gallic Acid‐L‐Leucine Conjugate Protects Mice against LPS‐Induced Inflammation and Sepsis via Correcting Proinflammatory Lipid Mediator Profiles and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Cheng Yuanyuan , Li Xuechen , Tse Hung-Fat , Rong Jianhui
Published: March 2018

The pathology of endotoxin LPS‐induced sepsis is hallmarked by aberrant production of proinflammatory lipid mediators and nitric oxide (NO). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the new product gallic acid‐L‐leucine (GAL) conjugate could ameliorate the LPS‐induced dysregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and NO production. We first investigated the effects of GAL conjugate on the expression of proinflammatory enzymes and the production of proinflammatory NO and lipid mediators in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, primary peritoneal macrophages, and mouse model. Western blot analyses revealed that GAL attenuated LPS‐induced expression of iNOS, COX‐2, and 5‐LOX in a concentration‐dependent manner. Consistently, probing NO‐mediated fluorescence revealed that GAL antagonized the stimulatory effect of LPS on iNOS activity. By profiling of lipid mediators with ESI‐MS‐based lipidomics, we found that GAL suppressed LPS‐induced overproduction of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2. We further discovered that GAL might exhibit anti‐inflammatory activities by the following mechanisms: (1) suppressing LPS‐induced activation of MAP kinases (i.e., ERK1/2, JNK, and p38); (2) reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and (3) preventing LPS‐induced nuclear translocation of transcription factors NF‐κB and AP‐1. Consequently, GAL significantly decreased the levels of COX‐2 and iNOS expression and the plasma levels of proinflammatory lipid mediators in LPS‐treated mice. GAL pretreatment enhanced the survival of mice against LPS‐induced endotoxic shock. Taken together, our results suggest that GAL may be a potential anti‐inflammatory drug for the treatment of endotoxemia and sepsis.
Long-Term Ripening Evaluation of Ewes’ Cheeses by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy under Real Industrial Conditions
Authors: Andrade Jonathan , Pereira Cristina Guimarães , Ranquine Thamiris , Azarias Cosme Antonio , Bell Maria José Valenzuela , de Carvalho dos Anjos Virgilio
Published: March 2018

The ripening changes over time of special cheeses (Pecorino, ewes’ ripe, and Gouda) made with ewes’ milk were evaluated using FTIR/ATR spectroscopy during approximately one year. The midinfrared FTIR/ATR analyses were carried out in different ripening times between the cheese varieties and processed by means of multivariate statistical approaches. Overall, during the maturation, we observed a downward trend of the absorbance intensity of the amide group peaks (1700 to 1500 cm−1), which is linked to the breakdown of peptide bonds. Similar behavior was obtained for the lipidic region (3000 to 2800 cm−1 and 1765 to 1730 cm−1). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis allowed the evaluation of the physicochemical changes of the cheeses. The proteolysis occurs in a fast pace during the first trimester of the ripening process, and the lipids are converted to smaller species as the times goes by. Our results indicate that infrared spectroscopy can be a useful tool in determining optimal temporal parameters in stages involving the development, production, and even a possible estimation of shelf life of cheeses.
A Case of Congenital Syphilis Presenting with Unusual Skin Eruptions
Authors: Leung Alexander K. C. , Leong Kin Fon , Lam Joseph M.
Published: March 2018

Once believed to be a rare disease in developed countries, recent data suggest that there is a surge in incidence of congenital syphilis in many developed countries. Diagnosis of congenital syphilis can be difficult because more than two-thirds of affected infants are asymptomatic at birth, and signs of symptomatic infants may be nonspecific or subtle. On top of this, some affected infants may have atypical presentations. Familiarity with the diverse presentations is essential to diagnosis. We report a 2-week-old male infant with congenital syphilis whose cutaneous manifestations included diffuse, erythematous keratoderma with desquamation and fissures on his hands and feet, multiple linear scaly fissures at the angles of his mouth, and onychauxis of the fingernails and toenails To our knowledge, diffuse, erythematous keratoderma of the hands and feet and thick nails have not been reported previously in congenital syphilis.
Elastic Stress Analysis of Rotating Functionally Graded Annular Disk of Variable Thickness Using Finite Difference Method
Authors: Jalali Mohammad Hadi , Shahriari Behrooz
Published: March 2018

Elastic stress analysis of rotating variable thickness annular disk made of functionally graded material (FGM) is presented. Elasticity modulus, density, and thickness of the disk are assumed to vary radially according to a power-law function. Radial stress, circumferential stress, and radial deformation of the rotating FG annular disk of variable thickness with clamped-clamped (C-C), clamped-free (C-F), and free-free (F-F) boundary conditions are obtained using the numerical finite difference method, and the effects of the graded index, thickness variation, and rotating speed on the stresses and deformation are evaluated. It is shown that using FG material could decrease the value of radial stress and increase the radial displacement in a rotating thin disk. It is also demonstrated that increasing the rotating speed can strongly increase the stress in the FG annular disk.
Feasibility Study of Interlayer Slide Monitoring Using Postembedded Piezoceramic Smart Aggregates
Authors: Wu Jianchao , Kong Qingzhao , Lim Ing , Song Gangbing
Published: March 2018

Utilizing embedded transducers is an effective approach to monitor a landslide. However, for existing structures, sensors can only be postembedded, which involves drilling and grouting, and may change the original state of the structure, which calls for the need to study the effectiveness of postembedded transducers. The main focus of this paper is the feasibility study of the interlayer slide detection using postembedded piezoceramic smart aggregates (SAs). In this study, a small landslide structure that involves a weak layer is studied and two pairs of SAs were embedded in predetermined positions inside the structure. To study the difference, one pair of transducer was preembedded and the other pair was postembedded. Within each pair, one SA was employed as an actuator to generate stress waves, and another SA used as a sensor to detect wave responses. Active-sensing approach was developed to perform continuous monitoring during structural loading that was used to induce an interlayer slide. The occurrence of interlayer slide attenuates wave energy and decreases signal intensity. A wavelet-packed index was proposed to detect the occurrence and development of interlayer slide. Experimental results demonstrated that SA installation through postembedding process is an innovative yet effective approach to monitor interlayer slide.
Recent Progress of Fabrication of Cell Scaffold by Electrospinning Technique for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhou Yingge , Chyu Joanna , Zumwalt Mimi
Published: March 2018

As a versatile nanofiber manufacturing technique, electrospinning has been widely employed for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. Since the structure of natural extracellular matrices varies substantially in different tissues, there has been growing awareness of the fact that the hierarchical 3D structure of scaffolds may affect intercellular interactions, material transportation, fluid flow, environmental stimulation, and so forth. Physical blending of the synthetic and natural polymers to form composite materials better mimics the composition and mechanical properties of natural tissues. Scaffolds with element gradient, such as growth factor gradient, have demonstrated good potentials to promote heterogeneous cell growth and differentiation. Compared to 2D scaffolds with limited thicknesses, 3D scaffolds have superior cell differentiation and development rate. The objective of this review paper is to review and discuss the recent trends of electrospinning strategies for cartilage tissue engineering, particularly the biomimetic, gradient, and 3D scaffolds, along with future prospects of potential clinical applications.
In VitroCytotoxicity andIn VivoAntimammary Tumor Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract ofAcacia seyal(Mimosaceae) Stem Bark
Authors: Zingue Stephane , Njuh Amstrong Nang , Tueche Alain Brice , Tamsa Jeremie , Tchoupang Edwige Nana , Kakene Stanislas Djaouli , Sipping Marius Trésor Kemegne , Njamen Dieudonné
Published: March 2018

The present study was designed to evaluate thein vitroandin vivoantitumor effects ofA. seyalhydroethanolic extract on breast cancer. The cytotoxicity ofA. seyalextract was evaluated using resazurin reduction assay in 9 cell lines. Further, the protective effect of the hydroethanolic extract ofA. seyalstem barks was evaluated on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- (DMBA-) induced breast cancer rat model. Incidence, burden, volume, and histological analysis of mammary tumors were measured. TheAcacia seyalextract exhibited CC50of 100 in MCF-7 cells after 24 h.In vivo, no tumors were detected in rats from the control group, while 11 rats out of 12 (91.66%) developed mammary tumors in the DMBA-exposed group receiving only the vehicle.Acacia seyalextract significantly (p<0.01) and in the dose-dependent manner reduced tumor incidence (3 rats out of 12 at the dose of 300 mg/kg), burden [62.1% (150 mg/kg) and 65.8% (300 mg/kg)], and mass. It protected rats against DMBA-induced breast hyperplasia, with an optimal effect at the dose of 300 mg/kg. Taken altogether, these results suggest that the hydroethanolic extract ofAcacia seyalmight contain phytoconstituents endowed with antitumoral properties, which could protect against the breast cancer induced in rats.
Turning Wood Autohydrolysate Directly into Food Packing Composite Films with Good Toughness
Authors: Hu YaJie , Niu YaShuai , Fu GenQue , Yue PanPan , Li MingFei , Peng Feng , Sun RunCang
Published: March 2018

Bio-based composite films were produced by incorporating wood autohydrolysate (WH), chitosan (CS), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). In this work, WH was directly utilized without further purification, and CNC was introduced as the reinforced material to prepare WH-CS-CNC composite films with excellent properties. The effects of CNC on the properties of WH-CS-CNC composite films were investigated by characterizing their structures, mechanical properties, oxygen barrier, and thermal stability properties. The results suggested that CNC could improve tensile strength of the composite films, and the tensile strain at break could be up to 4.7%. Besides, the oxygen permeability of the prepared composite films could be as low as 3.57 cm3/day·m2·kPa, making them suitable for the food packaging materials. These above results showed that the addition of CNC is an effective method to enhance the toughness of composite films. In addition, WH-CS-CNC composite films have great potential in the field of sustainable food packing materials.
Second Blood Meal by Female Lutzomyia longipalpis: Enhancement by Oviposition and Its Effects on Digestion, Longevity, and Leishmania Infection
Authors: Moraes C. S. , Aguiar-Martins K. , Costa S. G. , Bates P. A. , Dillon R. J. , Genta F. A.
Published: March 2018

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in America. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of Leishmania infection in sand flies have been studied during the first gonotrophic cycle. There are few studies about these interactions during the second gonotrophic cycle mainly because of the difficulties maintaining sand flies through sequential feeds. Here we standardized conditions to perform the second blood feed efficiently, and our results show that oviposition is an essential factor for the success of multiple feeds. We evaluated the impact of the second blood meal on longevity, protein digestion, trypsin activity, and Leishmania mexicana development within L. longipalpis gut. Mortality of blood-fed females increases after second blood meal as compared to sugar-fed females. Trypsin activity was lower during the second gonotrophic cycle. However, no difference in protein intake was observed between blood meals. There was no difference in the population size of Leishmania in the gut after both blood meals. In this work, we presented an optimized protocol for obtaining sufficient numbers of sand fly females fed on a second blood meal, and we described some physiological and parasitological aspects of the second gonotrophic cycle which might influence the vectorial competence of sand flies.
Sensitivity of Different Cattle Breeds to the Infestation of Cattle Ticks Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Natural Pastures of Opkara Farm, Benin
Authors: Yessinou Roland Eric , Adoligbe Camus , Akpo Yao , Adinci Justin , Youssao Abdou Karim Issaka , Farougou Souaïbou
Published: March 2018

A study was carried out on the Opkara (Benin) cattle farm on 64 cattle of four different breeds (16 individuals per breed) from June to December 2016. During this study, three tick species were found in different numbers, Amblyomma variegatum (732), Rhipicephalus microplus (8079), and Hyalomma spp. (208), with parasitic intensity of 11.90, 126.23, and 3.25, respectively. The interracial comparison of the tick infestation between the cattle showed a significant difference (P<0.001). However, Girolando was more infested than all the cattle breeds. Infestation of A. variegatum, R. microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Girolando was, respectively, 19.43 ± 2.71, 171.25 ± 23.50, and 7.12 ± 0.63, but the Borgou were less infested. Borgou breed females were more infested by A. variegatum (4.41 ± 1.14) than females Girolando (4.20 ± 0.90). The Crossbred and Azawak females were less infested (P<0.01). The mean of A. variegatum on Borgou, Azawak, Crossbred, and Girolando calves was 1.29 ± 0.35, 0.66 ± 0.26, 1.37 ± 0.37, and 2.25 ± 0.48 (P<0.01), respectively. The results of this study can be exploited to include genetic and nongenetic approaches to tick control.
Data Traffic Offload from Mobile to Wi‐Fi Networks: Behavioural Patterns of Smartphone Users
Authors: Husnjak Siniša , Peraković Dragan , Forenbacher Ivan
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a model for defining the behavioural patterns of smartphone users when offloading data from mobile to Wi‐Fi networks. The model was generated through analysis of individual characteristics of 298 smartphone users, based on data collected via online survey as well as the amount of data offloaded from mobile to Wi‐Fi networks as measured by an application integrated into the smartphone. Users were segmented into categories based on data volume offloaded from mobile to Wi‐Fi networks, and numerous user characteristics were explored to develop a model capable of predicting the probability that a user with given characteristics will fall into a given category of data offloading. This model may prove useful for analysing smartphone user behaviour when offloading data.
Long‐Term Exercise Protects against Cellular Stresses in Aged Mice
Authors: Belaya Irina , Suwa Masataka , Chen Tao , Giniatullin Rashid , Kanninen Katja M. , Atalay Mustafa , Kumagai Shuzo
Published: March 2018

The current study examined the effect of aging and long‐term wheel‐running on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP), redox regulation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in tibialis anterior (T.A.) and soleus muscle of mice. Male mice were divided into young (Y, 3‐month‐old), old‐sedentary (OS, 24‐month‐old), and old‐exercise (OE, 24‐month‐old) groups. The OE group started voluntary wheel‐running at 3 months and continued until 24 months of age. Aging was associated with a higher thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TxNiP) level, lower thioredoxin‐1 (TRX‐1) to TxNiP ratio—a determinant of redox regulation and increased CHOP, an indicator of ER stress‐related apoptosis signaling in both muscles. Notably, GRP78, a key indicator of ER stress, was selectively elevated in T.A. Long‐term exercise decreased TxNiP in T.A. and soleus muscles and increased the TRX‐1/TxNiP ratio in soleus muscle of aged mice. Inducible HSP70 and constituent HSC70 were upregulated, whereas CHOP was reduced after exercise in soleus muscle. Thus, our data demonstrated that aging induced oxidative stress and activated ER stress‐related apoptosis signaling in skeletal muscle, whereas long‐term wheel‐running improved redox regulation, ER stress adaptation and attenuated ER stress‐related apoptosis signaling. These findings suggest that life‐long exercise can protect against age‐related cellular stress.
Preparation Parameter Analysis and Optimization of Sustainable Asphalt Binder Modified by Waste Rubber and Diatomite
Authors: Liu Hanbing , Zhang Mengsu , Jiao Yubo , Fu Liuxu
Published: March 2018

In this study, crumb rubber and diatomite were used to modify asphalt binder. Wet process was adopted as a preparation method, and the corresponding preparation process was determined firstly. The effects of six preparation parameters (crumb rubber concentration, diatomite concentration, shear time, shear speed, shear temperature, and storing time) on properties of modified asphalt binder (penetration at 25°C, softening point, ductility, viscosity at 135°C, elastic recovery, and penetration index) were investigated, and multiresponse optimization was conducted using the response surface method. The results revealed that softening points, viscosity, elastic recovery, and penetration index increase, while penetration and ductility decrease with the increase of crumb rubber concentration. Softening points, viscosity, and penetration index increase, while penetration and ductility decrease with the increase of diatomite concentration, which presents little influence on elastic recovery of binder. Shear temperature presented significant effects on penetration, softening point, viscosity, and ductility. Shear speed, shear time, and storing time have similar effects on binder properties because of their similar mechanism of action. Based on the model obtained from the response surface method, optimized preparation parameters corresponding to specific criteria can be determined, which possess favorable accuracy compared with experimental results.
AEG-1 Contributes to Metastasis in Hypoxia-Related Ovarian Cancer by Modulating the HIF-1alpha/NF-kappaB/VEGF Pathway
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Wang Yan , Qiu Huilei , Song Hongtao , Feng Di , Jiang Yang , Deng Shuzhe , Meng Hongxue , Geng Jingshu
Published: March 2018

Objective. Ovarian carcinoma represents one of the deadliest malignancies among female cancer patients. Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) participates in the ontogenesis of multiple human malignant diseases. Here we evaluated AEG-1, hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) amounts in hypoxia induced ovarian carcinoma cells. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which AEG-1 regulates metastasis in hypoxia induced ovarian carcinoma. Patients and Methods. AEG-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF protein amounts were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 40 and 170 normal ovary and ovarian cancer tissue specimens, respectively. In addition, AEG-1, HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels were determined by reverse quantified RT-PCR and WB, respectively, at different time periods (0–24 h) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) SKOV3 cells treated in a hypoxia incubator. Furthermore, NF-κB and VEGF gene and protein expression levels in AEG-1 knockdown EOC cells were quantitated by RT-PCR and WB, respectively. Results. AEG-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF amounts were significantly elevated in EOC tissue samples compared with normal ovary specimens (p<0.001). Positive expression of HIF-1α and AEG-1 was associated with higher metastatic rate (p<0.01), lower FIGO stage (p<0.001), and degree of differentiation (p<0.001). Meanwhile, EOC SKOV3 cells grew upon exposure to hypoxia for 8 h (p<0.001); at this time point, AEG-1, HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF amounts peaked (p<0.001), at both the gene and the protein levels. After AEG-1 knockdown, HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF amounts were significantly decreased in EOC SKOV3 cells, also under hypoxic conditions (p<0.01). Conclusions. As an independent prognostic factor, AEG-1 was found to be significantly associated with hypoxia in ovarian cancer by regulating the HIF-1alpha/NF-kappaB/VEGF pathway. Therefore, AEG-1 may be useful in determining disease stage and prognosis in ovarian cancer.
Anticancer Properties of Essential Oils and Other Natural Products
Authors: Blowman K. , Magalhães M. , Lemos M. F. L. , Cabral C. , Pires I. M.
Published: March 2018

Essential oils are secondary metabolites with a key‐role in plants protection, consisting primarily of terpenes with a volatile nature and a diverse array of chemical structures. Essential oils exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, especially antimicrobial activity, and have long been utilized for treating various human ailments and diseases. Cancer cell prevention and cytotoxicity are exhibited through a wide range of mechanisms of action, with more recent research focusing on synergistic and antagonistic activity between specific essential oils major and minor components. Essential oils have been shown to possess cancer cell targeting activity and are able to increase the efficacy of commonly used chemotherapy drugs including paclitaxel and docetaxel, having also shown proimmune functions when administered to the cancer patient. The present review represents a state‐of‐the‐art review of the research behind the application of EOs as anticancer agents both in vitro and in vivo. Cancer cell target specificity and the use of EOs in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic strategies are also explored.
Cardiovascular Outcomes of PCSK9 Inhibitors: With Special Emphasis on Its Effect beyond LDL-Cholesterol Lowering
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Ashish Kumar , Hajra Adrija , Qureshi Arshna , Ghosh Raktim K.
Published: March 2018

PCSK9 inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, are novel antihypercholesterolemic drugs. FDA first approved them in July 2015. PCSK9 protein (692-amino acids) was discovered in 2003. It plays a major role in LDL receptor degradation and is a prominent modulator in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolism. PCSK9 inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that target PCSK9 protein in liver and inhibiting this protein leads to drastically lowering harmful LDL-C level in the bloodstream. Despite widespread use of the statin, not all the high-risk patients were able to achieve targeted level of LDL-C. Using PCSK9 inhibitors could lead to a substantial decrement in LDL-C plasma level ranging from 50% to 70%, either as a monotherapy or on top of statins. A large number of trials have shown robust reduction of LDL-C plasma level with the use of PCSK9 inhibitors as a monotherapy or in combination with statins in familial and nonfamilial forms of hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, PCSK9 inhibitors do not appear to increase the risk of hepatic and muscle-related side effects. PCSK9 inhibitors proved to be a highly potent and promising antihypercholesterolemic drug by decreasing LDL-R lysosomal degradation by PCSK9 protein. Statin drugs are known to have some pleiotropic effects. In this article, we are also focusing on the effects of PCSK9 inhibitor beyond LDL-C reduction like endothelial inflammation, atherosclerosis, its safety in patients with diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease, and its influence on neurocognition and stroke.
The Oxidant–Antioxidant Equilibrium and Inflammatory Process Indicators after an Exercise Test on the AlterG Antigravity Treadmill in Young Amateur Female Athletes
Authors: Sielski Łukasz , Sutkowy Paweł , Skopowska Agnieszka , Pawlak-Osińska Katarzyna , Augustyńska Zofia , Hewelt Katarzyna , Drapała Radosław , Woźniak Alina
Published: March 2018

The AlterG antigravity treadmill allows running with a considerable weight reduction. Physical exercise practiced on this treadmill is an innovative method supporting the treatment of injuries in sports and rehabilitation of patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a 30 min run on the AlterG treadmill with 80% body weight reduction comparing the effect to the similar effort on the classic treadmill on the redox equilibrium and the activity of selected lysosomal enzymes and a serine protease inhibitor in the blood of amateur minor female volleyball players. Venous blood samples were taken before the exercise and 30 minutes and 24 hours after its completion. The obtained results were analysed using Tukey’s test and Pearson’s linear correlations were calculated. 24 h after the running test on classic treadmill, the erythrocytic superoxide dismutase activity was higher than before and 30 min after it, as well as compared to the run on AlterG treadmill (p < 0.001). The erythrocytic‐conjugated diene concentration 24 h after the exercise on the classic treadmill was meaningly higher compared to that after the exercise on the AlterG treadmill (p < 0.001). The cathepsin D activity was significantly lower after the exercise in AlterG conditions compared to the baseline value and that measured after the exercise on classic treadmill (p < 0.001). It seems that the exercise on the AlterG treadmill keeps the oxidant–antioxidant equilibrium and stabilizes lysosomal membranes in young, physically active women in contrast to the exercise on the classic treadmill. This trial is registered with CTRI/2018/01/011344.
Network Intrusion Detection with Threat Agent Profiling
Authors: Bajtoš Tomáš , Gajdoš Andrej , Kleinová Lenka , Lučivjanská Katarína , Sokol Pavol
Published: March 2018

With the increase in usage of computer systems and computer networks, the problem of intrusion detection in network security has become an important issue. In this paper, we discuss approaches that simplify network administrator’s work. We applied clustering methods for security incident profiling. We considerK-means, PAM, and CLARA clustering algorithms. For this purpose, we used data collected in Warden system from various security tools. We do not aim to differentiate between normal and abnormal network traffic, but we focus on grouping similar threat agents based on attributes of security events. We suggest a case of a fine classification and a case of a coarse classification and discuss advantages of both cases.
2D Gain Enhancement Based on Single-Layer SIW Corrugated Technique with Slot Array Feeder
Authors: Lin Mingtuan , Lin Chenglong
Published: March 2018

Novel slot-array-based SIW corrugated technique is demonstrated to achieve 2D gain enhancement, namely, sharpening the beamwidths in both E-plane and H-plane. Compared to other metallic corrugated methods to realize 2D gain enhancement, the proposed design, with SIW grooves to reduce the beamwidth in E-plane and slot array to increase the directivity in H-plane, has a lower profile, weight, and design complexity, which can be easily fabricated with the common printed circuit board (PCB) technique. A prototype is designed and fabricated, with measurement presenting a low reflection coefficient less than −10 dB from 26.4 GHz to 28.2 GHz and an enhanced gain up to 18 dB. Overall, our proposed technique will be beneficial for the design of high-gain antenna in 5G wireless terminals.
A Novel Secretory Vesicle from Deer Antlerogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Media (DaMSC-CM) Promotes Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Seo Minkoo , Kim Jin-Chul , Kim Hyung-Ki , Choi Eun wook , Jeong Suyeong , Nam Ki Chang , Jang Mihue
Published: March 2018

Multipotent stem cells have the capacity to generate terminally differentiated cell types of each lineage; thus, they have great therapeutic potential for a wide variety of diseases. The most widely available stem cells are derived from human tissues, and their use for therapeutic application is limited by their high cost and low productivity. Herein, we report that conditioned media of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from deer antlers enhanced tissue regeneration through paracrine action via a combination of secreted growth factors and cytokines. Notably, DaMSC-conditioned media (DaMSC-CM) enhanced hair regeneration by activating the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, DaMSC-CM had regenerative potential in damaged skin tissue through induction of skin regeneration-related genes. Remarkably, we identified round vesicles derived from DaMSC-CM, with an average diameter of ~120 nm that were associated with hair follicle formation, suggesting that secretory vesicles may act as paracrine mediators for modulation of local cellular responses. In addition, these secretory vesicles could regulate the expression of Wnt-3a, Wnt-10b, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF-1), which are related to tissue renewal. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the use of DaMSC-CM as a unique natural model for rapid and complete tissue regeneration has possible application for therapeutic development.
Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Method Based on Improved Exponential Smoothing Grey Model
Authors: Mi Jianwei , Fan Libin , Duan Xuechao , Qiu Yuanying
Published: March 2018

In order to improve the prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a short-term power load forecasting method based on the improved exponential smoothing grey model. It firstly determines the main factor affecting the power load using the grey correlation analysis. It then conducts power load forecasting using the improved multivariable grey model. The improved prediction model firstly carries out the smoothing processing of the original power load data using the first exponential smoothing method. Secondly, the grey prediction model with an optimized background value is established using the smoothed sequence which agrees with the exponential trend. Finally, the inverse exponential smoothing method is employed to restore the predicted value. The first exponential smoothing model uses the 0.618 method to search for the optimal smooth coefficient. The prediction model can take the effects of the influencing factors on the power load into consideration. The simulated results show that the proposed prediction algorithm has a satisfactory prediction effect and meets the requirements of short-term power load forecasting. This research not only further improves the accuracy and reliability of short-term power load forecasting but also extends the application scope of the grey prediction model and shortens the search interval.
Effect of the Antioxidant Lipoic Acid in Aortic Phenotype in a Marfan Syndrome Mouse Model
Authors: Guido Maria C. , Debbas Victor , Salemi Vera M. , Tavares Elaine R. , Meirelles Thayna , Araujo Thaís L. S. , Nolasco Patricia , Ferreira-Filho Julio C. A. , Takimura Celso K. , Pereira Lygia V. , Laurindo Francisco R.
Published: March 2018

Marfan syndrome (MFS) cardiovascular manifestations such as aortic aneurysms and cardiomyopathy carry substantial morbidity/mortality. We investigated the effects of lipoic acid, an antioxidant, on ROS production and aortic remodeling in a MFS mgΔloxPneo mouse model. MFS and WT (wild‐type) 1‐month‐old mice were allocated to 3 groups: untreated, treated with losartan, and treated with lipoic acid. At 6 months old, echocardiography, ROS production, and morphological analysis of aortas were performed. Aortic ROS generation in 6‐month‐old MFS animals was higher at advanced stages of disease in MFS. An unprecedented finding in MFS mice analyzed by OCT was the occurrence of focal inhomogeneous regions in the aortic arch, either collagen‐rich extremely thickened or collagen‐poor hypotrophic regions. MFS animals treated with lipoic acid showed markedly reduced ROS production and lower ERK1/2 phosphorylation; meanwhile, aortic dilation and elastic fiber breakdown were unaltered. Of note, lipoic acid treatment associated with the absence of focal inhomogeneous regions in MFS animals. Losartan reduced aortic dilation and elastic fiber breakdown despite no change in ROS generation. In conclusion, oxidant generation by itself seems neutral with respect to aneurysm progression in MFS; however, lipoic acid‐mediated reduction of inhomogeneous regions may potentially associate with less anisotropy and reduced chance of dissection/rupture.
Mitochondrial T16189C Polymorphism Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexican Population
Authors: Saldaña-Rivera Elsa , Careaga-Castilla Marissa Jaqueline , Olvera-Cárdenas Giovani Daniel , Pérez-Soto Elvia , Sánchez-Monroy Virginia
Published: March 2018

Genetic factors, such as the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) T16189C polymorphism, have been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but this association has not been studied in Mexico to date. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this polymorphism contributes to MetS in the Mexican population. We recruited 100 unrelated volunteer subjects who were divided into 2 groups: with MetS (MetS group) and without MetS (control group). All subjects were genotyped for the mtDNA T16189C polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. The mitochondrial T16189C polymorphism was detected in 24 (24%) of 100 subjects analyzed. The frequency of the mtDNA T16189C polymorphism was higher in the MetS group with 21 (32.3%) of 65 testing positive compared to 3 (8.5%) of 35 in the control group, indicating that this polymorphism is a probable risk factor for MetS in the Mexican population (odds ratio 5.0909, 95% CI 1.3977–18.5424, P=0.0136). Our results may contribute to early diagnosis of MetS, which is essential for establishing changes in early stages of the disease to avoid further complications and pathologies, thereby preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Mexico.
Dealing with Demand in Electric Grids with an Adaptive Consumption Management Platform
Authors: Jiménez-Bravo Diego M. , De Paz Juan F. , Villarrubia Gabriel , Bajo Javier
Published: March 2018

The control of consumption in homes and workplaces is an increasingly important aspect if we consider the growing popularity of smart cities, the increasing use of renewable energies, and the policies of the European Union on using energy in an efficient and clean way. These factors make it necessary to have a system that is capable of predicting what devices are connected to an electrical network. For demand management, the system must also be able to control the power supply to these devices. To this end, we propose the use of a multiagent system that includes agents with advanced reasoning and learning capacities. More specifically, the agents incorporate a case‐based reasoning system and machine learning techniques. Besides, the multiagent system includes agents that are specialized in the management of the data acquired and the electrical devices. The aim is to adjust the consumption of electricity in networks to the electrical demand, and this will be done by acting automatically on the detected devices. The proposed system provides promising results; it is capable of predicting what devices are connected to the power grid at a high success rate. The accuracy of the system makes it possible to act according to the device preferences established in the system. This allows for adjusting the consumption to the current demand situation, without the risk of important home appliances being switched off.
The Prediction of Drug-Disease Correlation Based on Gene Expression Data
Authors: Cui Hui , Zhang Menghuan , Yang Qingmin , Li Xiangyi , Liebman Michael , Yu Ying , Xie Lu
Published: March 2018

The explosive growth of high-throughput experimental methods and resulting data yields both opportunity and challenge for selecting the correct drug to treat both a specific patient and their individual disease. Ideally, it would be useful and efficient if computational approaches could be applied to help achieve optimal drug-patient-disease matching but current efforts have met with limited success. Current approaches have primarily utilized the measureable effect of a specific drug on target tissue or cell lines to identify the potential biological effect of such treatment. While these efforts have met with some level of success, there exists much opportunity for improvement. This specifically follows the observation that, for many diseases in light of actual patient response, there is increasing need for treatment with combinations of drugs rather than single drug therapies. Only a few previous studies have yielded computational approaches for predicting the synergy of drug combinations by analyzing high-throughput molecular datasets. However, these computational approaches focused on the characteristics of the drug itself, without fully accounting for disease factors. Here, we propose an algorithm to specifically predict synergistic effects of drug combinations on various diseases, by integrating the data characteristics of disease-related gene expression profiles with drug-treated gene expression profiles. We have demonstrated utility through its application to transcriptome data, including microarray and RNASeq data, and the drug-disease prediction results were validated using existing publications and drug databases. It is also applicable to other quantitative profiling data such as proteomics data. We also provide an interactive web interface to allow our Prediction of Drug-Disease method to be readily applied to user data. While our studies represent a preliminary exploration of this critical problem, we believe that the algorithm can provide the basis for further refinement towards addressing a large clinical need.
Active Tube-Shaped Actuator with Embedded Square Rod-Shaped Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites for Robotic-Assisted Manipulation
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Liu Jiayu , Zhu Denglin , Chen Hualing
Published: March 2018

This paper reports a new technique involving the design, fabrication, and characterization of an ionic polymer-metal composite- (IPMC-) embedded active tube, which can achieve multidegree-of-freedom (MODF) bending motions desirable in many applications, such as a manipulator and an active catheter. However, traditional strip-type IPMC actuators are limited in only being able to generate 1-dimensional bending motion. So, in this paper, we try to develop an approach which involves molding or integrating rod-shaped IPMC actuators into a soft silicone rubber structure to create an active tube. We modified the Nafion solution casting method and developed a complete sequence of a fabrication process for rod-shaped IPMCs with square cross sections and four insulated electrodes on the surface. The silicone gel was cured at a suitable temperature to form a flexible tube using molds fabricated by 3D printing technology. By applying differential voltages to the four electrodes of each IPMC rod-shaped actuator, MDOF bending motions of the active tube can be generated. Experimental results show that such IPMC-embedded tube designs can be used for developing robotic-assisted manipulation.
Diffuse Gastric Ganglioneuromatosis: Novel Presentation ofPTENHamartoma Syndrome—Case Report and Review of Gastric Ganglioneuromatous Proliferations and a NovelPTENGene Mutation
Authors: Williams Alexander J. , Doherty Emily S. , Hart Michael H. , Grider Douglas J.
Published: March 2018

Gastrointestinal ganglioneuromatous proliferations are rare, most often found in the colon, and are three types: polypoid ganglioneuromas, ganglioneuromatous polyposis, and diffuse ganglioneuromatosis. We present a case of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis in the posterior gastric wall in a nine-year-old female. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis located in the stomach. Only six cases of gastric ganglioneuromatous proliferations have previously been reported, two in English and none were diffuse ganglioneuromatosis. A diagnosis of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis is relevant for patient care because, unlike sporadic polypoid ganglioneuromas or ganglioneuromatous polyposis, most are syndromic. Diffuse ganglioneuromatosis is commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, and Cowden Syndrome, one of the phenotypes ofPTENhamartoma tumor syndrome. The patient had the noted gastric diffuse ganglioneuromatosis, as well as other major and minor criteria for Cowden syndrome. Genetic testing revealed a novel frameshift mutation in thePTENgene in the patient, her father, paternal aunt, and the aunt’s son who is a paternal first cousin of the patient.