bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSV-39 The relationship between structural integrity and sperm survival during hypothermic storage of stallion sperm
Authors: Zaitsev Alexander , Bragina Elizaveta , Atroshchenko Mikhail , Kalashnikov Valerii , Nezalenova Anastasiya , Frolova Natalia , Blokhina Taisiya , Nikitkina Elena , Musidray Artem
Published: November 2020

The aim of this work was to study the relationship between ultrastructural integrity and sperm survival during hypothermic storage of chilled and cryopreserved stallion sperm. Semen from 37 stallions, were collected during the breeding season. The structural integrity of sperm was studied using a Hitachi 700 electron microscope. Progressive motility was evaluated using an Olympus BX 41 phase contrast microscope. Sperm survival was defined as the ability of spermatozoa to maintain progressive motility above 5% during hypothermic (+4C) storage of sperm. Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis was used. Sperm survival at a temperature +4°C in chilled semen averaged 115.4±11.47 hours. After freezing sperm survival decreased on average to 48.9±5.56 hours (P < 0.001). A reliable correlation between the number of sperm with intact heads and sperm survival at a temperature of + 4°C in diluted (r=0.60; P < 0.001) and thawed (r=0.63; P < 0.001) sperm was established. A significant negative correlation between the number of spermatozoa with degradation of the acrosome in native sperm and their survival (r=-0.48; P < 0.01) under the hypothermic storage was found. For cryopreserved semen, a similar dependence has not been established. A significant correlation between the number of spermatozoa with the normal position of the acrosome and the sperm survival rate in native sperm was also established (r=0.52; P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation between sperm with acrosome hypoplasia and sperm survival was found (r=-0.67; P < 0.001). We assume that the structural integrity and ability of spermatozoa to maintain progressive motility for a long time under conditions of hypothermic storage depends on the quality of spermatogenesis and the resistance of cells to low and ultra-low temperatures. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 20-16-00101, development program of Bioresource collections “Cryobank of genetic recourses the All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding.”
PSVIII-36 Late-Breaking Abstract: Somatic cells count in dairy farms of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Aitmukhanbetov Daulet , Abylgazinova Aizhan , Tleulenov Zhumadiya , Serikbaeva Aliya
Published: November 2020

According to requirements of the Safety of Milk and Dairy Products in our republic somatic cells count should be less than 750,000 cells / mL. Achieving this level is possible with the implementation of somatic cell programs based on the experience of laboratories in Western Europe and Northern America (G.M. Jones). Somatic cells in milk are counted in the United States and Canada as part of the National Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) program. The result was a significant improvement of the dairy herd by mastitis level (Barkema H.W., Schukken Y.H., Lam T.J., Beiboer M.L., Wilmink H. et al. 1998). Average somatic cell content was less than 200 thousand cells/mL. The purpose was to determine somatic cells count in the herds of Republic of Kazakhstan and to test the SCC program. Research work was carried out under project “Improving the breeding methods efficiency.” The chemical composition and somatic cell count were carried out on a CombiFossFT + infrared analyzer. The results of counting somatic cells in milk of dairy cows in the farms of the northern region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, showed that the quality of milk in most dairy farms meets the requirements of the technical regulation on the quality and safety of milk (table 1). According to the table, it can be said that livestock of dairy cattle by 16% or more are affected by clinical and subclinical mastitis. Moreover, each farm receives less than 6% or more of milk. To increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to introduce a program for somatic cell counting into the practice of dairy laboratories.
PSVIII-40 Late-Breaking Abstract: Variability in body composition is associated with insulin sensitivity in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Salgado Hector H , Remus Aline , Letourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Pomar Candido
Published: November 2020

Growing pigs’ body composition variation can be associated with differences in insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect on protein and lipid synthesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate this association by relating the individual insulin response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the body composition of growing pigs. Thirty 95 kg jugular vein catheterized pigs received an oral dose of 1.75 g of glucose/kg of BW after 18 hours of fasting. Blood samples were collected at -20, -10, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300 and 360 min following glucose ingestion. Insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated and analyzed. Body lipids (LB, %) and protein (PB, %) composition were estimated by dual X-ray densitometry. Association between body composition and insulin sensitivity were studied by using partial least squares and correlations. Average LB and PB were 19.7% (CV = 7.6 %) and 16.2% (CV = 2.2%), respectively. Basal insulin blood concentration and area-under-the-curve (AUC) CV (51.9 % and 26.9 %, respectively) were larger than those for basal glucose and AUC (5.52 and 5.48 %, respectively). Additionally, insulin sensitivity (%S), steady-state beta cell function (%B), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) estimated with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA 2) and whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were highly variable between pigs which CV ranged from 30.1 % to 54.5 %. These results can indicate an early stage of insulin resistance in an important part of the studied pig population. LB and PB were affected by insulin sensitivity indexes (P < 0.05) which accounted, respectively, for 48% and 44% of the observed variation. In conclusion, lower insulin sensitivity was associated with higher body fat in growing pigs raised under similar conditions.
PSX-37 Late-Breaking Abstracts: Effects of metformin on body temperature regulation and breast muscle growth in male broiler chickens
Authors: Huang Yan , Shelby Sarah , Wang Yongjie , Ge Jing , Dridi Sami
Published: November 2020

Chickens provide models for human physiology research, as their normal physiological status mimics mammalian obesity and human Type II diabetes. Metformin is a common medication used to treat Type II diabetes. Prior studies have demonstrated metformin’s ability to induce the “browning” phenomenon of white adipose tissue and promote non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). The objective of this study was to determine if dietary supplementation of metformin can promote NST to reduce body fat mass and increase metabolism in broiler chickens. Male broiler chicks (n = 72) were randomly assigned to 12 pens (6 chickens/pen). Pens were randomly assigned to control basal diet (CON), basal plus 0.5 g/kg metformin (MET05), or basal plus 1.0 g/kg metformin (MET1). Two chicks were harvested from each pen on d7, d14, and d21. Total breast weight (TBW) and liver weight (LW) were recorded. IButton temperature loggers were implanted in chickens on d19. ADFI was highest in MET05 at d7 and d21, lowest in MET1 at d7, and highest in MET1 at d14. ADFI was lowest in CON group at d14 and d21. MET1 showed a negative effect on G:F at d7 and d14. MET05 group had the highest BW, TBW, and LW at all intervals. CON group had the lowest TBW at d14, but significantly higher than MET1 at d21. MET1 group had the lowest TBW at d7 and d21, lowest LW at d7 and d14, while CON group had the lowest LW at d21. CON had the highest breast/BW ratio, while MET1 group had the lowest. MET05 and MET01 had higher liver:BW ratio than CON group at d21. Data distribution showed less variation for internal body temperature in the MET05 group compared with CON and MET1. These results suggest that low dosage metformin helps regulate body temperature and increase breast muscle growth in broilers in earlier life stage.
PSIII-20 Dietary Forsythia suspensa extract supplementation in sows during late gestation improves reproductive performance, colostrum composition, antioxidant status, and immune function of sows and piglets
Authors: Long Shenfei , He Tengfei , Wu Di , Piao Xiangshu
Published: November 2020

This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) supplementation in sows during late gestation on reproductive performance, colostrum composition, antioxidant status and immune function [NSFC 31772612]. Forty Yorkshire × Landrace gestating sows (average parity of 3.28 ± 0.61; average body weight of 240.16 ± 6.81 kg) were assigned to 2 treatments with 20 sows per treatment based on body weight, back fat thickness and parity. From d 85 of gestation to farrowing, sows were supplemented with a control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet, CON), and a FSE diet (basal diet + 100 mg / kg FSE). The results showed that sows fed FSE had increased (P < 0.05) litter weight, fat and protein contents in colostrum compared with CON. Dietary FSE supplementation in sows could increase (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase contents, and decrease (P < 0.05) the content of malondialdehyde in colostrum, and increase (P < 0.05) the contents of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in serum of their offspring compared with CON. Additionally, sows fed FSE could also increase (P < 0.05) the content of immunoglobulin A in serum of their offspring compared with CON. Sows fed FSE had decreased (P < 0.05) content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increased (P < 0.05) content of IL-10 in serum and colostrum of sows, and decreased (P < 0.05) contents IL-6 and IL-8 in serum of their offspring compared with CON. Sows fed FSE showed increased (P < 0.05) content of glucose in colostrum and decreased (P < 0.05) content of serum urea of their offspring compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary FSE supplementation in sows during late gestation could improve litter weight, colostrum fat and protein contents, antioxidant status, immunoglobulin, inflammatory cytokines of sows and piglets.
PSIII-33 Stability and function of encapsulated Lactobacillus zeae for pig gut health
Authors: Li Linyan , Wang Xiaoyin , Yu Hai , Wang Qi , Verso Luca Lo , Lessard Martin , Mondor Martin , Choi Janghan , Yang Chengbo , Blais Mylène , Gong Joshua
Published: November 2020

Lactobacilli have been used in livestock production to improve animal gut health; however, they are heat sensitive, which limits their use as feed additives. We have developed a novel spray-drying encapsulation technology that resulted in an approximately 0.5-log reduction of Lactobacillus zeae LB1, a probiotic bacterium known for its potential to reduce the infections caused by Salmonella and enterotoxigenic E. coli in vivo. In this study, encapsulated LB1 was evaluated for its stability during storage and feed pelleting and for its potential to modulate piglet performance. After 14-month storage at 4℃ and 22℃ in a sealed container, the survival rate of encapsulated LB1 represented 17.1% and 85.6% reduction of the original concentration, respectively. In the feed pelleting test, the survived non-encapsulated LB1 in pelleted or mash feed was 1-log lower in the concentration than encapsulated LB1 on the 7th and 30th day after pelleting. To examine the influence of LB1 alone or in combination with colostrum on pig performance, 80 newly-weaned piglets were equally allocated to five groups: 1) basal diets (control-CTL); 2) basal diets supplemented with non-encapsulated LB1 (NEP); 3) basal diets supplemented with encapsulated LB1 (EP); 4) basal diets supplemented with bovine colostrum (BC); 5) basal diets supplemented with EP and BC (EP-BC, same dose as in Group 3 or 4). No significant difference in growth performance was observed between the CTL group and other dietary treatments after five days’ treatment. Supplementation of LB1 or colostrum individually did not affect the population size of Lactobacillus in the ileum and colon of pigs. However, the EP-BC group had a significantly increased population of Lactobacillus in both the ileum and colon (94.57-fold and 23.51-fold, respectively) compared with the CTL group. In conclusion, our encapsulation technology can increase survival and delivery of Lactobacillus zeae potentially beneficial to piglet performance.
PSII-24 Assessment of the contractility of bovine lateral saphenous and digital veins in response to ergot alkaloids
Authors: Klotz James L , Stokley Hannah , Ji Huihua , Chattopadhyay Nabanita , Harmon David L
Published: November 2020

Decreased blood flow caused by vasoconstriction is a hallmark of ergot alkaloid exposure. Previous research has utilized the cranial branch of the lateral saphenous vein as a model to characterize the impact of ergot alkaloids on bovine peripheral vasculature. The digital vein is more distal and closer to the hoof where damage caused by vasoconstriction occurs and may be more sensitive to ergot alkaloids. Thus, the objective was to compare contractility of the bovine lateral saphenous vein and the digital vein to increasing concentrations of ergot alkaloids. Blood vessels were collected from Holstein steers at slaughter (n = 12; 551 ±29 kg), cleaned, cut into 2-mm cross-sections, and mounted in a multi-myograph. In the myograph blood vessels were submersed in continuously gassed (95% O2/5% CO2) Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Following a 1.5-hr tension equilibration, blood vessels were exposed to a reference dose of 1x10-4 M norepinephrine. Digital and lateral saphenous veins from each steer were then exposed to increasing concentrations of a-ergocryptine (ERP), ergotamine (ERT), ergocristine (ERS), ergocornine (ERO), ergonovine (ERN), tall fescue seed extract (EXT; dilutions based on measured ergovaline concentration), lysergic acid (LSA), and lysergol (LYS) were diluted to final concentrations for use in the tissue bath of 5x10-10 to 1x10-4 M. All resultant contractile response data were normalized as a percentage of the 1x10-4 M norepinephrine response and analyzed as randomized design for effects of vein and alkaloid concentration. The maximal contractile response induced by EXT, ERT, ERO, ERS, and ERP did not differ by vein type and EXT was the most vasoactive alkaloid. The response to ERN was greater for the saphenous than the digital vein (P = 0.03) and LYS and LSA did not differ (P >0.05). These data confirm that the cranial branch of lateral saphenous vein is a representative model of peripheral vasculature of the bovine hindlimb.
PSII-34 Placental GLUT3 (SLC2A3) RNA interference: Impact on fetal growth at mid-gestation
Authors: Lynch Cameron , Ali Asghar , Kennedy Victoria , Tanner Amelia R , Winger Quinton A , Anthony Russell V
Published: November 2020

Glucose is the predominant energy substrate for fetal oxidative processes and growth, and is taken up by the placenta and transported to the fetus by the facilitative transporters GLUT1 (SLC2A1) and GLUT3 (SLC2A3). SLC2A1 is the most abundant placental transporter, and as such is believed to be the primary glucose transporter in human and sheep placenta. However, SLC2A3 exhibits a six-fold greater glucose transport capacity, and in sheep, SLC2A3 is localized to the apical trophoblast membrane, whereas SLC2A1 is predominantly localized to the basolateral membrane, indicating that both may be required for optimal fetal development. It was our objective to use placenta-specific RNA interference (RNAi) to diminish SLC2A3, and determine the impact at mid-gestation (75 dGA) in sheep. Single hatched blastocysts were harvested and the trophectoderm was infected with lentiviral constructs expressing either a scramble control (SC) or SLC2A3-specific (GLUT3-RNAi) short-hairpin RNA, and then surgically transferred into a synchronized recipient. The resulting pregnancies underwent ultrasound Doppler velocimetry and fetal measurements at 70 dGA, and a terminal surgery at 75 dGA for collection of uterine and umbilical arterial and venous blood, fetal and placental measurements and tissue samples. Due to a lack of fetal sex x treatment interactions, statistical comparisons between SC (n = 6) and GLUT3-RNAi (n = 6) pregnancies were made by Student’s T-test. At 70 dGA, while umbilical artery velocimetry was not impacted, biparietal diameter (P ≤ 0.10), femur length and tibia length (P ≤ 0.05) were reduced in GLUT3-RNAi pregnancies. These results were confirmed at 75 dGA surgery, as GLUT3-RNAi fetuses had reduced fetal weight (P ≤ 0.10), head circumference (P ≤ 0.05), femur length (P ≤ 0.05), and tibia length (P ≤ 0.05). While it has been suggested that GLUT3 is predominantly important in late gestation, these preliminary data indicate that GLUT3 is important for normal fetal development during the first-half of gestation as well. Supported by NIH grant HD094952.
PSII-30 Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Nutrition on the Concentration of Neuropeptide Y in the Third Ventricle Cerebrospinal Fluid in Beef Heifers
Authors: West Sarah M , O’Neil Meaghan M , Maia Tatiane S , Fahey Sterling H , Williams Gary L , Cardoso Rodolfo C
Published: November 2020

Nutrition during gestation and early postnatal life can program developmental changes within the reproductive neuroendocrine system that persist until adult life. Here we tested the hypotheses that maternal nutrition during the second and third trimester of gestation and dietary energy intake during the juvenile period interact to affect concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after fasting (basal) and in response to peripheral leptin administration in heifer offspring. Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers were developed using a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of pre- and postnatal dietary treatments. Beginning at the onset of the second trimester of gestation, pregnant Braford and Brangus cows were fed to reach body condition scores of 7.5–8 (H, obese), 5–5.5 (M, moderate), or 3–3.5 (L; very thin) during the third trimester. Heifer offspring were weaned at ~3.5 mo of age and fed to gain at either a relatively high (H; 1 kg/d) or low (L, 0.5 kg/d) rate between 4–8 mo of age, then fed a common diet subsequently. A subgroup of pubertal heifers (n = 6/group) representing 3 of the maternal × postnatal groups (HH, MH, and LL) were ovariectomized and received estradiol replacement after puberty. Cannulas were placed surgically in the third ventricle. After at least a 2-wk recovery period, heifers were fasted for 54 h and CSF was collected every 30 min for 5.5 h, including a 30-min basal and 5-h treatment period involving 3 hourly IV injections of recombinant oleptin (0.2 µg/kg BW). Basal and post-leptin NPY concentrations in the CSF did not differ (P > 0.10) among LL, MH, and HH heifers. Treatment with leptin had no effect (P > 0.10) on NPY concentration in any group. Therefore, neither the interaction of pre- and postnatal nutrition nor exogenous leptin affected third ventricle NPY tone in this experimental model.
PSXI-21 Program Chair Poster Pick: Performance indicators of animal production and prices over the cost of feedlot beef cattle
Authors: Sartorello Gustavo L , Souza Miguel , Reis Beatriz Q , Boldrin Guilherme , Rezende Vanessa , Moreno Danny , Alves Laya , Gameiro Augusto H
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the zootechnical performance indicators and the price main cost items on the total production cost of feedlot beef cattle. We used a mathematical model of the production cost, which considered the cost of the items according to the Economic Theory. Costs were allocated into: i) variable costs, ii) fixed costs, and iii) factor income. A survey was carried out in 2015, with ten farmers in the state of São Paulo, to define the technical indicators of production. The representative property was defined with 27 thousand animals slaughtered per year. The spot prices used in our analysis were collected in December 2019. Elasticity was calculated and expressed as a relationship between two interrelated functional variables. We estimated elasticities for the variables: animals purchase of 355 kg ($1.78/kg), feed price ($0.17/kg of dry matter), interest rate (4.5%), average daily gains (1.616 kg), and carcass yield (55.46%). This way we compared the variation of total cost per carcass kilo caused by increases of 1% in each of the considered variables. In the base scenario, production cost was US$ 3.11/kg and the variable cost of the activity represented 94.9% of the total costs, which of purchase animals, feed and variable taxes were 69.5%, and 20.6% and 3.8%, respectively. Increases of 1% in each of those variables caused variations of, respectively, +0,71%, +0,21%, 0,01%, -0,98%, and -0,98% on production cost unit. In conclusion, the purchase price of animals for feedlot activity is interrelated to the total cost. The average daily gains and carcass yield is also a zootechnical performance that presented a direct relation with the reduction of total costs. Thus, this demonstrates that farmers should improve management practices in the purchase of inputs and the performance of animal production.
PSXI-20 Milking collar activity data is associated with health events and feed intake in lactating Holstein cattle
Authors: Jantzi Abigail E , Siberski Cori J , Goetz Brady M , Healey Mary , Hayman Kristen , Gorden Patrick J , Baumgard Lance H , Koltes James E
Published: November 2020

Feed is the largest expense for dairy farms, thus feed efficiency is essential to the sustainability and future of the industry. Our objective was to evaluate the association of milking collar activity with feed intake and health status in lactating cows. Health status was classified for impact of three durations of time (overall, current, or post diagnosis) and as: healthy, mastitis, lame, multiple, or other. Activity data for 155 lactating cows with feed intake records were averaged across two-hour windows to obtain a daily two-hour average. A larger population (n > 1,600) was used to filter out sensor failures and normalize data. Sensor data were adjusted for parity and contemporary group creating adjusted sensor measure (ASM). Dry matter intake (DMI) was adjusted (aDMI) for metabolic body weight, days in milk, and energy sinks used to calculate residual feed intake. Associations between ASM and aDMI, DMI, or health were conducted in SAS9.4. An association of ASM with aDMI was identified (estimate = 0.1635 kg/log count of average activity in a 2-hour period; P < 0.0029). ASM was also associated with DMI (0.2329 kg/log count of average activity, P < 0.0007). ASM was associated with current and overall health timeframes (P < 0.0008 and P < 0.0001, respectively). When health, ASM, and their interaction were included in a model with the response variable aDMI, significant associations were found in the models, including current and overall health (current health: ASM and health: P < 0.0001, interaction: P < 0.0009; overall health: ASM, health, and interaction: P < 0.0001). These results indicate that milking collar data may be useful as a predictor of feed intake either directly or indirectly through detection of health events. Additional studies are needed to determine the predictive ability of collar activity data and the relationship between collar data and health, and to assess if collar activity is an environmental proxy or heritable trait.
PSII-6 Comparative effects of two multi-species direct-fed microbial products on rumen fermentation, bacterial community and metabolome of beef steers
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , Compart Devan M , Pech-Cervantes Andres A
Published: November 2020

We examined the effects of two direct-fed microbials (DFM) containing multiple microbial species and their fermentation products on ruminal fermentation, bacterial community and metabolome of beef steers. Nine rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned to 3 treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were (1) CON (basal diet without additive), (2) PROB (basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and (3) SYNB (basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence is a blend of active S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei, and their fermentation products. RX3 is a blend of active S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. Daily dry matter intake was calculated. On d 21 of each period, ruminal contents were sampled at 3, 6, 12, and 18 h after feeding for analysis of VFA, bacterial community via 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolome via chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. There was no effect on DMI. Compared to CON, supplementation of either PROB or SYNB increased or tended to increase (P ≤ 0.10) total VFA, propionate, and valerate concentrations. Compared to CON, PROB reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, but increased those of Rikenellaceae RC9, Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, whereas SYNB decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and increased those of Prevotella 7, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. Metabolome analysis revealed that 8 ruminal metabolites, including some amino acids, were increased (P ≤ 0.05) by PROB, whereas no differences were found for SYNB. This study demonstrated that supplemental PROB or SYNB altered the ruminal bacterial community and metabolome differently to achieve a similar ruminal fermentation pattern.
PSIX-23 Physicochemical properties and starch gelatinization affected by corn grain processed using super-conditioned pelleting, extruding and puffing
Authors: Rahimi Atieh - , Naserian Abbasali , Valizadeh Reza , Tahmasebi Abdolmansour , Dehghani Hesam , Soltani Esmaeil , Sung Kyung-Il , Kim Byong-Wan , Kim Ji-Yung , Lee Bae-Hun , Nejad Jalil Ghasemi
Published: November 2020

We aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and starch gelatinization of an Iranian corn grain (single crass 702) processed using different thermal processing methods including 1) grinding (G, 2mm), 2) super-conditioned pelleting (SCP; moisture 20%, retention time 6 min and conditioning temperature 95°C), 3) extruding (EX; moisture 20%, temperature of melting zone 75°C and die zone 125°C, screw speed 75 rpm and time 150s) and 4) puffing (PUF; puffing temperature 200°C, hot air velocity 25 m/s, feed rate 100 g/m). The particle size of the samples was measured through sieves. Apparent density and chemical composition were measured based on AOAC methods. Starch gelatinization was determined in accordance with the enzymatic procedure. Data were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS (P< 0.05) using a completely randomized design with 4 replications for every treatment. Apparent density in G and SCP corn were similar but greater than EX and PUF corns (0.85 and 0.77 via 0.29 and 0.06 (kg/L), respectively). The PUF corn showed the most geometric mean particle size (10.55 mm) and followed by EX (8.68 mm), SCP (3.55 mm) and G (1.60 mm). The DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and NFC % were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by different processing methods. Starch content in thermal processing methods of SCP, EX and PUF (73.27, 73.22 and 73.20 % of DM, respectively) was greater (P = 0.04) than the G corn (72.23 % of DM). The highest (P < 0.01) starch gelatinization was provided by the PUF (26.85 %), followed by the EX, SCP and G processes (22.95, 16.45 and 4.68 %, respectively). Obtained results imply that super-conditioned pelleting process as a new processing method despite of greater apparent density provided more starch gelatinization similar to extruded and puffed corn, thus it can increase the efficacy of starch utilization in corn grain.
PSIX-2 Feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol reduces methane emissions by feedlot cattle
Authors: Da Ros de Araújo Tiago Luís , Hoffmann Alvair , Renesto Diego M , Leite Rhaony G , Rabelo Carlos H S , Valério de Carvalho Victor V , Vasconcellos Guilherme S F M , Tamassia Luis Fernando , Acedo Tiago S , Gouvea Vinicius N , Reis Ricardo A
Published: November 2020

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP; Bovaer®, DSM Nutritional Products) at two doses on methane emissions and performance by feedlot cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block, in which 138 Nellore bulls (iBW, 360 ± 37.3 kg) were placed in collective pens (9 pens per treatment) and fed a high-concentrate diet (R:C, 11:89) according with the following three treatments: 1) 0ppm 3NOP /day; 2) 100ppm 3NOP/day, or 3) 150ppm 3NOP/day. For performance and DMI assessments the pen was the experimental unit. For methane emission evaluations, CH4 and DMI were assessed individually in 12 pens (2 bulls/pen, 8 bulls (experimental units)/treatment). Methane emission was measured for 6 consecutive days using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique in two times over the experimental period (d15d -d21) and (105d to 111d), whereby the gross energy (GE) variables were calculated using equations. The individual DMI was measured using the two markers technique (Chromium oxide and indigestible NDF). The data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS and means comparison were carried out by Tukey’s test. Regardless of the level, dietary supplementation with 3NOP decreased (P < 0.001) methane emissions by 49.7% as expressed as g/d (146.0 vs. ~74 g/d−1); by 38.6% when expressed as g/kg ADG (91 vs ~56 g/kg ADG), and by 40.7% when expressed as g/kg DMI (13.5 vs. ~8 g/kg DMI). Likewise, dietary supplementation with 3NOP decreased (P < 0.001) the GE loss as a percentage of the GE intake by 42.4% (4.74 vs ~2.73%). However, feeding 3NOP had no effect on animalsˈ DM intake (~2.43 %BW; P = 0.23), ADG (~1.52 kg/d; P = 0.11) and HCW (~284 kg, P = 0.26). We conclude that Bovaer® can be used to effectively reduce methane emission by feedlot cattle without adverse effects on performance.
PSIX-8 Impact of Automated Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Wheatgrass on Holstein Beef Performance & Meat Quality
Authors: Ineck Nikole E , Hall Laun , Bateman Brad , Raban Scott , Thornton Kara J , Graf Brittany
Published: November 2020

The GrōPod is an automated Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) technology that produces sprouted grain (wheatgrass) at commercial scale to deliver fresh Grōv High Density Nutrient (HDN) feed to cattle year-round. In this study, 80 Holstein beef animals were randomized into two groups and fed ad libitum either a high-energy (84% concentrate) grain-fed finishing ration (CTL) or a ration comprising up to 42% HDN wheatgrass. All animals were monitored for growth performance through the finishing phase, and 10 animals from each group were harvested for meat quality analysis. HDN-fed animals showed numerically higher (P = 0.13) average daily gain of 2.9 lbs v 2.8 lbs, and body weight after 126 d on feed compared to the CTL. Carcasses from the HDN-fed group tended (P = 0.06) to grade at a higher USDA quality grade (Choice) versus CTL (Choice minus). Meat samples from the HDN-fed group had a lower (P < 0.05) percent of trans-saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the sample. The HDN-fed group had a lower (P = 0.06) ratio of omega 6:omega 3 fatty acids. Preliminary data indicates Grōv HDN wheatgrass finishing ration may exhibit positive effects on feedlot performance and meat quality in Holstein beef cattle in comparison to a high-energy finishing ration.
PSIX-1 Fecal microbiome of dairy calves fed with fresh or frozen maternal colostrum or colostrum powder
Authors: Virgínio Júnior Gercino F , Tomaluski Cristiane , Silva Ana Paula , Dondé Sophia , Montenegro Horácio , Coutinho Luiz , Bittar Carla Maris M
Published: November 2020

Besides the importance for passive immune transfer, the supply of colostrum accelerates the bacterial colonization of the calf small intestine by providing nutrients, that will function as bacteria growth substrate, as well being a microorganism inoculum source. However, it is not known whether the effect is maintained when the calves are fed with frozen colostrum or colostrum powder. The present work evaluated 15 Holstein calves housed in tropical shelters, fed one of the colostrum sources: I – fresh colostrum from the dam (n = 5), II – frozen colostrum and III – colostrum powder, a dose of 150g of IgG (n = 5). Animals fed with fresh or frozen colostrum received a corresponding volume 10% of its birth weight of high-quality colostrum (IgG > 50g / L). All animals were fed within 4h after birth. From the second meal, calves received 6 L of liquid diet, divided into two meals, being weaned at the 8th week of age. After weaning, calves were grouped housed, and fed with starter and coast-cross hay ad libitum. To evaluate the microbiome, fecal samples were collected at birth and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10. The microbial community was determined by sequencing V3 and V4 region amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene that was amplified by PCR and sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform. There was no treatment effect for the diversity indices, evenness and richness. Simpson’s diversity and evenness had no effect for weeks. Weeks 1 and 2 had less Shannon’ diversity. Richness was higher for week 0. Analyzing the relative abundance, 31 phyla were identified in the fecal samples, the most abundant being Bacteriodota, Firmicutes_A, Proteobacterias, Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes. Different sources of colostrum can be used to feed dairy calves, without affecting the diversity in the colonization of the intestinal tract.
PSVI-10 Effects of lipid and starch supplementation on total water intake of Holstein bull-calves
Authors: Franco Arturo Macias , Fonseca Mozart , Norris Aaron , Silva Aghata , De Moura Felipe H
Published: November 2020

Water intake of dairy calves is often overlooked by most nutrition models which can be associated with the misconception that dairy calves meet their water requirements with milk or milk replacer (MR) alone. The goals herein were to investigate the effect of two isoenergetic supplements fed in a MR diet on total water intake (TWI) and fresh water intake (FWI). Twenty-three Holstein bull-calves (94.67 ± 12.07 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design and received one of three supplements for 68 days: control (CON; n = 7), carbohydrates (CHO; n = 8), and lipid (FAT; n = 8); on top of a MR-based diet. The CON was composed of ad libitum MR alone. The FAT was composed of a supplementation of menhaden fish oil on CON (3%); and CHO was composed of corn starch supplementation on CON. All animals were provided free access to mineral mix, 200 g daily dried brewer’s spent grains, and clean water. Data were analyzed with orthogonal contrasts for pre-specified treatment comparisons using R statistical software [R Core Team (2019)]. No significant differences were observed for MR intake, 3.13, 3.05, and 3.14 kg, final bodyweight, 208.75, 200.94, 202.64 kg, and average daily gain, 1.74, 1.60, 1.64 kg, for FAT, CHO, and CON, respectively. TWI in a metabolic bodyweight (MBW) basis was different (P < 0.05) amongst treatments; lower TWI intake was seen for FAT than CHO than CON (0.363 and 0.388 vs 0.423 L/kg0.75, respectively). TWI without MBW resulted in similar results (P < .05) with average TWI of 15.69, 16.08, and 18.00 L; FWI differences (P < .05) were seen alone 1.51, 2.59, and 3.77 L, as well as in MBW basis 0.033, 0.060, and 0.088 L/kg.75 for FAT, CHO, and CON. These data could potentially show that metabolic water production in early ruminant animals can significantly decrease water intake.
PSX-17 Genome-wide diversity and demographic history of Russian native goat breeds
Authors: Deniskova Tatiana Evgenievna , Dotsev Arsen V , Selionova Marina I , Fornara Margaret S , Reyer Henry , Wimmers Klaus , Brem Gottfried , Zinovieva Natalia A
Published: November 2020

Specific environmental conditions and local livestock management systems resulted in creation of valuable native breeds. The timely monitoring of genetic diversity within native breeds based on using high-throughput DNA arrays will prevent their irreparable loss. In this regard, we aimed to assess genome-wide diversity and to study demographic history of Russian native goat breeds (Altai Mountain, Orenburg, Soviet Mohair, Dagestan Milk, Dagestan Local, Dagestan Fluff and Karachaev) based on SNP-data. A total of 200 goats were genotyped using Goat 50K SNP BeadChip (Illumina, USA). Quality control and SNP-filtering were performed in PLINKv1.9. R package ‘diveRsity’ was used to calculate observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and inbreeding coefficient (Fis). Effective population sizes (Ne) were estimated in SneP software. Observed heterozygosity was high and exceeded 0.402 in five out of seven breeds. Orenburg, Soviet Mohair, Dagestan Milk, and Karachaev breeds showed slight excess of heterozygotes varied from 0.6% (Fis= -0.015) in Orenburg to 1.7% (Fis= -0.04) in Karachaev breed. The traces of insignificant inbreeding were found in Dagestan Local (Fis=0.005) and Dagestan Fluff (Fis= 0.01) breeds. The recent effective population sizes estimated for four generations ago varied from 140 in Karachaev to 472 in Orenburg breed. Analysis of historical trends in effective population sizes estimated for sixty generations ago revealed obvious decrease ranging from 10.25% in Dagestan Local to 34.65% in Orenburg breed. However, recent effective sizes in Russian native goats are higher than critical threshold (Ne= 100) that is essential to breed maintenance in the future. Our research findings provide an evidence that Russian native goat breeds are not in endangered status, but development of the effective utilization programs is highly recommended. The genotyping of 96 goats was funded by RSF No. 19-76-20006. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-316-20006.
PSX-20 Internal parasite resistance measured on pasture and in confinement of young Kiko bucks
Authors: Gipson Terry A , Hart Steven P , Puchala Ryszard , Wang Zaisen , Quijada Jessica , Garcia-Gill Margaret , Sanders James
Published: November 2020

Resistance to internal parasites (IP) is important in the sustainability of a meat goat enterprise. Langston University (LU) and the American Kiko Goat Association conducted a SecondGeneration Buck Performance Test in 2019. The performance test measured fecal egg count (FEC) and packed-cell volume (PCV) in a natural challenge of 6 wk on pasture (PAS) and in an artificial challenge in dry-lot confinement (CON). Seventy-seven Kiko bucks less than 1 yr of age completed both PAS and CON. The PAS was conducted on a 23-ha pasture with native grasses and forbs. Bucks were supplemented at 0.5% BW (25.8±0.18 kg) daily to facilitate visual inspection of animals. CON was conducted at LU’s testing facility. Bucks were sampled every 2 wk in PAS. In CON, bucks were sampled on d 29, 34, and 38 following an artificial challenge with each buck receiving 7,000 L3 Haemonchus contortus larvae. Average FEC and PCV for each buck for PAS and CON were analyzed. The correlation between FEC-PAS and PCV-PAS was -0.283 (P < 0.05), which is almost identical to the correlation between FEC-CON and PCV-CON (r=-0.280, P < 0.05). The Spearman rank correlation between FEC-PAS and FEC-CON was 0.069 (P > 0.50). However, the Spearman rank correlation between PCV-PAS and PCV-CON was 0.376 (P < 0.01). Using mixed model methods, the means for FEC-CON and FEC-PAS were similar (1,428 vs 1,698±169 epg for CON and PAS, respectively). However, PCV were different (P < 0.01), with 28.3 vs. 20.7±0.34 for CON and PAS, respectively. Pasture PCV was a predictor of PCV in confinement and vice versa; however, that was not true for FEC, indicating that FEC in PAS and in CON may be two separate traits. Future buck performance tests should incorporate pasture and confinement phases to more precisely identify superior bucks for IP resistance.
PSX-8 Effects of dietary concentrate level and limited feed access on feed intake and performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats
Authors: Ribeiro Luana P , Puchala Ryszard , Gipson Terry A , Lourencon Raquel V , Goetsch Arthur L
Published: November 2020

The objective was to determine if effects of different limited feed access treatments on performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats vary with dietary concentrate level. Primiparous (29; 55.2±0.8 kg BW) and multiparous Alpine goats (29; 70.2±1.06 kg) were used in a 24-wk study of 3 8-wk phases beginning at 7.1±0.37 d after kidding. Diets of 40 or 60% concentrate (40C and 60C, respectively) were offered free choice in Calan gate feeders, with access continuously (CON), for 8 h between morning and afternoon milkings (DAY), or for 2 h after each milking (FRH). Although there were many interactions involving phase, ADG during the entire study was greater for CON vs. FRH (P < 0.05; -20, -41, and -61 g for CON, DAY, and FRH, respectively; SEM = 8.6). Intake of DM also was greater for CON than for FRH (P < 0.05; 2.17, 2.03, 2.01, 2.29, 2.07, and 1.80 kg/d for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.093). There were interactions (P < 0.02) between concentrate level and access treatment in milk yield (2.55, 2.41, 2.61, 3.21, 2.66, and 2.27 kg/d; SEM=0.103) and protein concentration (2.65, 2.55, 2.60, 2.67, 2.70, and 2.49%; SEM = 0.042), and milk fat concentration was greatest among treatments (P < 0.05) for FRH (2.79, 2.77, 3.18, 2.86, 2.89, and 3.02% for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.103). As a consequence, milk energy yield was 6.14, 5.70, 6.67, 7.83, 6.58, and 5.61 MJ/d (SEM=0.251) and the ratio of milk energy to DMI was 3.01, 2.87, 3.37, 3.47, 3.28, and 3.18 MJ/kg for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.123). Overall, limited feeder access treatments did not improve performance and, in fact, the shortest access treatment increased BW loss; however, efficiency of feed DM usage for milk energy yield was not adversely impacted.
PSX-27 The influence of technological stress on the biochemical status of lambs with different genotypes
Authors: Bagirov Vugar A , Iolchiev Baylar S , Volkova Natalia , Vetokh Anastasia N , Zinovieva Natalia A
Published: November 2020

Sheep breeding is accompanied by various technological processes, some of them are stress factors, and one of these factors is the weaning of lambs from mothers. The goal was to study the effect of technological stress on the biochemical status and growth indicators of lambs with different genotypes. Lambs were divided into three groups: pure-bred Romanov (n = 18), Katahdin (n = 7) and Argali hybrids (¼Argali × ¾Romanov, n = 17). Before weaning and 15 and 30 days after weaning, the lambs live weight was determined and the blood serum biochemistry analysis was conducted. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSSv.23. The effects of genotype and technological stress on body weight and biochemical status are statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001). The live weight of the lambs before weaning was: Romanov 15.88±1.20kg, Katahdin 22.23±0.91kg, and hybrids 14.32±1.03kg. The differences between hybrids with Katahdins and Romanovs were 55% and 39.9% (P ≤ 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) before weaning in Romanov lambs was 153.0±12.0g, Katahdins 203.0±8.0g and hybrids 119±11.0g. As a result of lambs weaning from mothers, technological stress was accompanied by an increase urea blood serum level in lambs. In hybrids it averaged 6.61mmol/L, which is 57% more than before weaning (P ≤ 0.05). In Katahdin, Romanov and hybrid lambs during the adaptation period was observed an increase the blood cholesterol level by 7.08%, 23% and 18% respectively, and ADG in all groups was decreased and amounted in hybrids 72±5.0g, in Romanovs 83±5.6g and in Katahdins 110±4.3g. The results of the study showed that the reaction of lambs to technological stress depends on the genotype of the animal, and the adaptation process after weaning is accompanied by a decrease in growth intensity. Supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project №18–16–00079) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (theme №АААА-А18-118021590132-9).
PSX-3 Antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on performance
Authors: Bokhan Polina D , Bakhta Alesya A , Karpenko Larisa Y , Kozitcyna Anna I , Balykina Anna B , Enukashvili Abram I , Polistovskaia Polina A , Ershova Olga N , Anipchenko Polina
Published: November 2020

Dairy goat breeding is widespread worldwide. Goat milk and other derivative products are an important part of nutrition. Dairy products are the most important part of goat breeding; therefore, lactation performance is a relevant issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on lactation performance. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, in the laboratories of the biochemistry and physiology departments at FSBEI of Higher Education «SPbSAVM». The three experimental groups included 30 Saanen goats each, 2nd–3rd lactations, selected using matched pairs method. 1st group included low milk producing ability goats (< 600 kg of milk yield per year), 2nd group included average milk producing ability goats (600–800 kg of milk yield per year), 3rd group included high milk producing ability goats (>800 kg of milk yield per year). The blood samples were taken once: at peak lactation performance (45 days after parturition). The blood levels of lipid peroxygenation markers (malondialdehyde, dienketone and conjugated dienes) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were assessed by standard methods. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student’s t-test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as P < 0.05. The results are displayed in table 1 and 2. After analyzing the received data of antioxidant system characteristics, we found a high intensity of free-radical oxidation in high milk producing ability goats. This results in oxidative stress development. Activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes was elevated; therefore, free-radical oxidation is intensive. Consequently, these data allow us to take into consideration exogenous anti-oxidizing agents administration in high milk producing ability goats in order to reduce oxidative stress.