bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory Effect of Curcumin in the Upregulation of Inflammasome Pathway Genes Induced by Sulfur Mustard Analog: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Chehardoli Baharak , Nadi Mona , Khamis Abadi Ali , Kia Azam , Shahriary Alireza , Salimian Jafar
Published: April 2021

Sulfur Mustard (SM) induces cell injury via exerting oxidative stress, protease-anti protease imbalance, and inflammation. Inflammasome as one part of innate immunity has a critical role in the recognition of cell injuries and the initiation of the inflammation process by releasing IL-1β. Hence, the present study investigated the effects of the sub-lethal doses of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) as SM analog on the gene expression level of inflammasome-related genes as well as the potential protective effects of curcumin on this process. The effects of sub-lethal doses (500, 1000, and 2500 mM) of CEES on pulmonary epithelial cell line (A549) were determined at various time points (12, 24, and 48 h). Following the treatment of cells with CEES, the kinetic alterations of the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chainenhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB1), NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), Caspase-1 (Casp1), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) genes were analyzed; using real-time PCR. In addition, the concurrent protective effects of different doses of curcumin (20, 40, 80, and 160 mM) on modulating the effects of CEES were studied. Although it was found that the lowest sub-lethal dose of CEES (500 mM) was able to upregulate the inflammasome-related genes, the maximum alterations occurred 48 h after the treatment with the higher sub-lethal dose (2500 mM) of CEES. The maximum alteration occurred in Casp1 (38 fold), IL-1β (19 fold), and NLRP1 (~4 fold) genes (p<0.0001). However, the NF-ĸB gene expression level did not alter following CEES exposure. Even though low doses of curcumin (20, 40, and 80 mM) were able to down-regulate the studied genes, it was found that the treatment of cells with 160 mM of curcumin for 48 h was able to normalize the expression level of all genes. The present study concludes that curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent may have beneficial immunomodulatory effects following CEES exposure.
Tumor Microenvironment Changing through Application of MicroRNA-34a Related Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioned Medium: Modulation of Breast Cancer Cells toward Non-aggressive Behavior
Authors: Bahman Soufiani Katayoun , Pourfathollah Ali Akbar , Nikougoftar Zarifi Mahin , Arefian Ehsan
Published: April 2021

Conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contains bioactive molecules including microRNAs (miRs) that could be a potential tool for controlling cancer cells' behavior. Due to the properties of CM, this study assesses the effects of miR-34a related MSCCM on tumor behavior through the evaluation of migration, invasion, apoptosis, and PDL1 expression in breast cancer cell lines. The miR-34a overexpression vector or scramble control was produced using lentiviral vectors, DNA cloning, and the transfection of the HEK-293 T cell line. It was then transduced into human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs). MSC-CMs were collected and added onto MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The functional evaluations were performed by transwell, wound healing, and Annexin V/PI methods on the treated MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The PDL1 expression was also assessed by Real-time PCR and western blot. The findings of this study showed that ectopic miR-34a expression was significantly upregulated in manipulated hASC with miR-34a (p<0.0001). Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cell line with miR-34a-hAD-MSC-CM, scramble-hAD-MSC-CM, or hAD-MSC-CM displayed not only a reduction in the number of migrated or invaded cells (p=0.01) but also an increase in the apoptotic cells in the test group (p=0.02) when compared to the control groups. It also showed down-regulation in the gene (p=0.05) and protein expression levels of PDL1 in the test group. The results of the present study showed that simultaneous application of miR-34a and MSCCM can be considered as a new method for changing the cancerous microenvironment; and therefore, as a potential strategy in breast cancer therapy.
Production of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Emergence of the Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19
Authors: Hormati Ahmad , Poustchi Hossein , Ghadir Mohammad Reza , Jafari Saeede , Jafari Narges , Ashtari Abdolreza , Ahmadpour Sajjad
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide public health problem that has attracted much attention due to its clinical findings. Measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies is of great importance for researchers and it will help to develop a new diagnostic and therapeutic method in clinical care. In this cross-sectional study, we aim to measure the IgG and IgM antibody levels in 401 suspected COVID-19 volunteers. We also measure the time duration for the appearance of IgG and IgM antibodies from the onset of symptoms to sampling time. Of 401 participants enrolled in the study, 255 (63.59%) were healthy, 79 (19.70%) were a carrier, 59 (14.71%) were cured and 8 (1.99%) were borderline. Of 142 subjects diagnosed with COVID-19, 41 (28.87%) presented with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, 83 (58.45%) had no GI symptoms, and 18 (12.68%) were asymptomatic. According to our findings, the measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies will provide the tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and significantly boost research into novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Association between the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL1RN) Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Polymorphism and Lymphoma
Authors: Sarani Hosna , Molashahi Behrouz , Taheri Mohsen , Bahari Gholamreza , Hashemi Seyed Mahdi , Hashemi Mohammad , Ghavami Saeid
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Lymphoma is a common hematopoietic cancer. Immunosuppression is one of the main risk factors for the development of lymphoma. The interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist IL1RN, which binds to the IL-1 receptor, moderates a variety of immune responses related to IL-1. We aimed to assess the impact of IL1RN variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism on lymphoma risk in an Iranian population sample.
Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 120 subjects with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), 50 subjects with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), and 186 unrelated healthy individuals. IL1RN VNTR polymorphism was detected using polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Our findings revealed that the IL1RN VNTR polymorphism was associated with protection against NHL (P≤0.001, OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.18-0.53). The IL1RN 2 allele significantly decreased the risk of NHL (p = 0.023, OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.46–0.93). In addition, we found that IL1RN 1/2 was associated with a lower risk of HL (p ≤0.001, OR = 0.24, 95%CI = 0.12–0.50).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the presence of IL1RN VNTR polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of lymphoma in an Iranian subpopulation in southeast Iran.
The Role of IgM-Enriched Immunoglobulin (Pentaglobin) in Septic Patients with Hematological Disease
Authors: Fernandes Pedro Amoedo , Russo Flavia Tobaldini , Monetta da Silva Lucas Augusto , Ferreira Ramos Lafayete Willian , Almeida Simões Aline de , Okada Larissa Yukari , Cavalcante Jamilla Neves , Ferreira Lopes Maricy Almeida Viol , De Almeida Macedo Maria Cristina Martins , Da Silva Roberto Luiz
Published: April 2021

Background: Patients with hematological disease are 15 times more likely to develop sepsis than the general population. The patient with hematological disease and, mainly, those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), develop a severe secondary humoral immunodeficiency, with low serum levels of IgM, which may take more than a year to be restored.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, controlled and observational study that analyzed 51 patients with underlying hematological disease, who were diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock during the study period, to evaluate whether IgM-rich Ig replacement decreases the 30-day mortality.
Results: Of the 51 patients, 35 patients received IgM-rich immunoglobulin (group A) and 16 (31%) received conventional therapy. Eleven (69%) patients in the control group were alive after 30 days compared to 11 (34%) patients in the intervention group, p= 0.013.
Conclusion: There are no apparent benefits in the use of IgM-rich immunoglobulin in septic patients with hematological disease.
Massive Splenomegaly: A Rare Presentation of Megaloblastic Anemia
Authors: Gholipur-Shahraki Tahereh , Sadeghi Alireza , Oghab Padideh , Farrokhi Pegah , Moghaddas Azadeh
Published: April 2021

Megaloblastic anemia is a common disorder with various manifestations. Of the many causes, cobalamin or folate deficiency can eventuate into megaloblastic anemia. It can lead to pancytopenia and mild to moderate splenomegaly, but massive splenomegaly rarely seen in this situation. We describe a 39-yearold woman with marked enlargement of the spleen and pancytopenia that was found to have megaloblastic anemia. The splenomegaly and blood count resolved 4 months after initiation of vitamin B12 therapy. It is important to know massive splenomegaly may occur in megaloblastic anemia, and although it is rare, bur can reversible with early treatment.
Medication Errors and Reducing Interventions: A Mixed Study in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Gray Serajaddin , Effatpanah Mohammad , Salehi Sara , Anvari Savojbalaghi Siamand , Momeni Leila , Abedi Gilavandani Roghayeh , Abbasi Chaleshtari Alireza
Published: April 2021

Background: Given the special importance of preventing from medication, the present study aimed to investigate the determining Causes of Medication Errors (CMEs) and their Priorities for reducing interventions in a hospital. 
Methods: The present mixed, sequential and cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital (2016). For data collection, Fishbone Diagrams, interviews, note taking and checklists were used, and qualitative data were analyzed though the thematic approach. Moreover, the Maxqda Software v.14.0, Excel, Edraw Max v.9.0 were employed for data analysis and reporting.
Results: Seventy-five CMEs were classified under two main themes (human and non-human) and four sub-themes (personal, network, organizational, and meta-organizational). Weakness of professionalism and low experience as the personal causes; Actions of pharmacy colleagues, physicians and other nurses as the network causes; Management of nurses and unit specialty as the organizational causes and the quality of academic education, drug features and macro policies of medication as meta-organizational causes were classified. Six causes were given priority for reducing interventions.
Conclusion: In the short term, human factors should be considered with the aim of reducing medication errors. It is also recommended that teaching how to deal with nurses’ stress and psychological pressure (especially beginner nurse), resulting from critically ill patients and high workload, be paid special attention. Besides, it is suggested that professionalism be given priority to reduce personal neglects and to create safe environments for reporting personal neglects. In addition, more emphasis should be placed on the right route in the process of medication administration.
Assessment of the Adherence Rate of Acute Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis Regimens by Medical Team to NCCN Clinical Recommendations: Cross-Section Observation
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad , Hatefi Shahabeddin , Reshadi Nazli , Sanaat Zohreh , Ghaffary Saba
Published: April 2021

Background: Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is still distressing adverse effect for patients. Thus, we conducted this study to assess the compliance of CINV prophylaxis patterns with NCCN guideline.
Methods: 136 Patients with any kind of malignancy who undergoes chemotherapy in Shahid Ghazi hospital, Tabriz, Iran, were included in this study. Adherence rate to the NCCN guideline of antiemetic therapy for different emetogenic potential chemotherapy regimens was evaluated.
Results: All patients received their prophylaxis 30 min before chemotherapy, which is completely adherent to guideline. Hematological malignancies were associated with higher adherence rate (P=0.032). For high and moderate emetic risk patients, dexamethasone and ondansetron were remarkably under-dosed, whereas Granisetron was over-dosed. Adherence rate to guideline in high and moderate and minimal emetic risk chemotherapy was 72.3%, 22.9% and 69.2% respectively. None of low emetic risk patients received guideline compliant prophylaxis. In all emetic risk levels, 50 (36.8%) patients received guideline adherent prophylaxis.
Conclusion: As results indicated, adherence rate wasn’t optimal. Available dosage form of a medication has great impact on appropriate prescription. Thus, it is suggested for pharmaceutical companies to be informed about recent guidelines’ updates and subsequently produce proper dosage forms for different indications.
Drug Utilization Evaluation of Antibiotics in Intensive Care Units of a Referral Teaching Hospital
Authors: Soltani Rasool , Hakamifard Atousa , Mousavi Sarah , Amani Zohreh
Published: April 2021

Background: Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies are designed to assess drug usage appropriateness. This study aimed to evaluate the drug utilization of antibiotics in the intensive care units (ICUs) of a referral teaching hospital.
Methods: Patients hospitalized in ICU who received antibiotics were enrolled in this crosssectional study. Patients’ medical charts were reviewed and data including indication of antibiotics, dosing, dose adjustment, and culture sensitivity test were recorded in a predesigned data collection form. Related guidelines and references were used for judgement about the correctness of these parameters.
Results: Among 182 evaluated antibiotic prescriptions, 75.8% of the cases were prescribed empirically that for 31.88% of them microbial culture and sensitivity test were requested. Indication was appropriate in 51.6%. Fifteen patients needed antibiotic dose adjustment that was performed just for 4 patients. Doses of antibiotics were correct in 58.5% of cases. Meropenem (15.9%), Metronidazole (15.9%), and vancomycin (11.5%) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics.
Conclusion: Use of antibiotics in ICUs of our hospital is associated with high rate of errors especially in the aspects of medical indication and dosage. J
Hypoxia: Progressive Multiple Myeloma and Its Therapy Resistance
Authors: Obayi Ogechi Charity , Ogbonna Emmanuella , Eleje Catherine Chinonye , Permsec Umerah Nwabueze Enukaorah
Published: April 2021

This study critically reviews the role of hypoxia in the progression of Multiple Myeloma (MM) and its therapy resistance. It explains the existence and role played by Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF) including HIF-1α and HIF-β in tumor (MM) progression. These HIF are key transcription factors of hypoxia and they aid the cellular adaptation of both normal and cancer cells to reduction in oxygen concentration. At initial stage of MM, the bone marrow environment sufficiently supports the growth and survival of the MM cells, but as the disease progresses and the plasma cells goes deeper into the bone marrow, they experience a more hypoxic condition. This then activates HIF1 and HIF-2 which ultimately stimulates angiogenic factors. This is a description of the step by step approaches through which a review of Hypoxia: progressive multiple myeloma and its drug resistance was conducted using Google scholar and PubMed search engines to search articles published from 2000 to May 2020 using the following key words: hypoxia, progressive multiple myeloma, treatment resistance, hypoxia and multiple myeloma. This review suggests that agents capable of inhibiting the action of HIF’s, as well as those that would act specifically on the hypoxic zones will be helpful in minimizing/eliminating drug resistance and relapses in MM patients and would invariably improves the patient life expectancy.
Análisis acerca de la finalidad de la educación: plenitud dinámica y status virtutis
Authors: Di Marco María Elisa
Published: April 2021

Este estudio presenta un análisis hermenéutico comparativo con respecto al fin de la educación entre Francisco Ruiz Sánchez y Tomás de Aquino. En efecto, en ambos se vislumbra una estrecha relación en las categorizaciones que proponen, a saber: el status virtutis en Tomás de Aquino y la plenitud dinámica en Francisco Ruiz Sánchez. A partir del análisis que se efectúa, se establecen los puntos en común y aspectos disidentes. Se concluye que la idea de perfeccionamiento es común tanto en Ruiz Sánchez como en Tomás de Aquino. En ambas concepciones se expresa un estado, aunque en la interpretación de Millán Puelles (1963) asume un carácter de finalidad, mientras que, en Ruiz Sánchez también, pero con un matiz que rescata el proceso dinámico hacia la plenitud, propio del “homo viator”. Francisco Ruiz Sánchez toma para su teorización la idea del estado de virtud que propone el Aquinate, pero especifica el estado de dinamicidad del hombre y la ordenación de las distintas dimensiones del ser humano desde la interioridad y la conducta, en donde se ponen en juego: el orden interior ad extra, es decir, hacia el afuera, la formación y el orden interior propiamente dicho; resultando de ello la formación de hábitos y actos correctos, otorgándole así al concepto de plenitud dinámica cierta originalidad.
Cmentarz, trup i dusza w wyobrażeniach prasy kaliskiej drugiej połowy XIX wieku
Authors: Błachowicz Maciej
Published: April 2021

Cmentarz – zinstytucjonalizowane miejsce składania zwłok, w znanej dziś formie jest efektem rewolucyjnych przemian, jakie przyniosło Europie oświecenie. Ich główną cechą jest lokowanie nekropolii z dala od ludzkich osiedli. Urzędowa akcja przenoszenia cmentarzy zbiegła się z potrzebą kultywowania pamięci o bliskich zmarłych. Tak rewolucyjne zmiany nie mogły pozostać bez wpływu na postrzeganie śmierci. Artykuł jest próbą naszkicowania poglądów, wierzeń i fantazji na temat cmentarzy chrześcijańskich wśród inteligencji kaliskiej w II połowie XIX wieku. Zebrany materiał źródłowy pochodzi z wychodzącego w latach 1871–1892 „Kaliszanina”. Większość analizowanych tekstów dotyczy nekropolii kaliskich, ale nie pominięto też wypowiedzi dotyczących innych miast i zawartych w fikcji literackiej. Ze względu na obszerność problematyki skupiono się na trzech wybranych problemach. W centrum zainteresowań stoi postrzeganie nekropolii i ich „mieszkańców” – zmarłych. Cmentarze są miejscem przeznaczonym do składowania ludzkich szczątków i kultywowania pamięci o zmarłych. Jednak przez związki z eschatologią są miejscami wymykającymi się kategoriom racjonalnym. Wynikająca z tego niejednoznaczność niewątpliwie warta jest uwagi badaczy. Sporo uwagi poświęcono postrzeganiu przez ludzi II połowie XIX wieku szczątków już złożonych w grobie. Jest to tytułowy „trup”. Kolejnym obszarem zainteresowania jest dusza – hipotetyczna forma egzystencji pośmiertnej ludzi. W kulturze chrześcijańskiej wiara w zmartwychwstałe ciała jest ściśle związana z wiarą w nieśmiertelną duszę. Cmentarz jest nie tylko miejscem złożenia oczekujących na zmartwychwstanie ciał, ale również strefą, w której mogą ukazać się ludziom „duchy”. Stąd nie sposób pominąć poglądów i fantazji na ten temat. Dokonano przy tym próby interpretacji zebranego materiału, mając nadzieję, że przyczynek ten będzie przydatny do dalszych badań nad zagadnieniem.
Poznańscy Żydzi – szkic do dziejów: rabini, synagogi, szkoły talmudyczne, zapomniane cmentarze…
Authors: Jedlińska Eleonora
Published: April 2021

Pierwsi żydowscy osadnicy pojawili się w Poznaniu już w początkach istnienia miasta. Pierwszy polski książę Bolesław Pobożny, idąc za przykładem cesarza Fryderyka II, który w 1283 roku nadał Żydom w Wiedniu przywileje, uczynił to samo w Poznaniu. Wraz z rozwojem miasta stopniowo zwiększała się w nim liczebność ludności żydowskiej. Na początku XV wieku co czwarty budynek przy ulicy Sukienniczej był zajmowany przez Żydów. Ulica niebawem zyskała nazwę ulicy Żydowskiej. Z przeprowadzonego w 1507 roku spisu powszechnego wynika, że Poznań był jedną z największych gmin żydowskich w Polsce. Pierwszy cmentarz żydowski został założony w XV wieku na Złotej Górze, w pobliżu obecnego kościoła oo. Jezuitów, później przeniesiony został na teren zwany Muszą Górą, po zachodniej stronie miasta. Pod koniec XVIII wieku gmina żydowska stanowiła jedną czwartą mieszkańców. W 1793 roku Poznań przeszedł pod władanie pruskie. Podczas pożaru w 1803 roku spłonęły trzy z sześciu synagog. Działania urbanistyczne podjęte przez władze pruskie nie objęły odbudowy dzielnicy żydowskiej. Cmentarz na Muszej Górze został zlikwidowany w 1804 roku, a gmina żydowska otrzymała grunt pod nowe miejsce pochówku przy ul. Głogowskiej. Historia poznańskich Żydów jest przypowieścią o nieistniejącym miejscu, zagubionym między dziewiętnastowiecznymi kamienicami a podwórkami dzielnicy nazwanej Łazarz. Niegdyś znacząca społeczność żydowska w Poznaniu zniknęła. Najnowszy cmentarz został założony w latach 30. XX wieku przy ul. Szamarzewskiego. On również już nie istnieje – obecnie znajdują się tam ogrody działkowe.
Dodatek kwartalny
Authors: Gądek Artur , Maciejewska Maja , Uryszek Katarzyna , Zimny Artur , Uryszek Tomasz , Witczak Radosław , Hajdys Dagmara , Ślebocka Magdalena , Tylman Aneta
Published: April 2021

„Sytuacja gospodarcza w Polsce w pierwszych miesiącach 2016”

„Koniunktura w sektorze przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych”

„Koniunktura giełdowa”

„Zadłużenie publiczne w 2015 roku”

„Zmiany w świecie podatków w pierwszym kwartale 2016 r.”

„Formalno-prawne aspekty implikacji partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego w Polsce (cz. I)”

„Cele rewitalizacji w oparciu o założenia dokumentu strategicznego jakim jest Krajowa Polityka Miejska”
Características en estrategias de aprendizaje en matemáticas por alumnos mexicanos de bachillerato
Authors: Butrón Zamora Prócoro Omar , Sánchez Ruiz José Gabriel
Published: April 2021

Las estrategias de aprendizaje (cognitivas, metacognitivas y estrategias relacionadas con el uso de recursos) están estrechamente vinculadas con el rendimiento académico del alumno posibilitando mejorar el aprendizaje. Las estrategias de aprendizaje se han considerado herramientas fundamentales en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la totalidad de las áreas del conocimiento, entre ellas en matemáticas. El objetivo del presente estudio es detectar las características en el empleo de estrategias de aprendizaje en matemáticas en alumnos de bachillerato y posibles diferencias en función del curso académico y del sexo. Se aplicó el cuestionario LIST (Estrategias de aprendizaje en la universidad) a 154 estudiantes: 91 mujeres (59,1%) y 63 varones (40,9%). Se encontró una confiabilidad muy aceptable del instrumento (α=0,94). Por un lado el grupo de alumnos del segundo semestre tiene tendencia a recurrir más a las estrategias evaluadas en comparación con los demás grupos. Por otro lado, las  estudiantes tienen tendencia a gestionar mejor los saberes matemáticos, a tener un ambiente de aprendizaje adecuado y a la búsqueda de información en diferentes fuentes ante dificultades, en mayor frecuencia que los varones.
Juego en primera infancia
Authors: Mena Bastías Carmen Patricia , Flores Lueg Carolina Bernarda , Arteaga González Patricia Eugenia , Saldaña Espinoza Dalys , Navarrete Troncoso Eliana Lucía
Published: April 2021

El juego como actividad natural del ser humano -fundamentalmente en sus primeros años de vida- adopta una relevancia clave desde el punto de vista pedagógico a nivel de la educación infantil. Al respecto, este trabajo presenta los principales resultados de un estudio que tuvo como propósito indagar sobre el significado que le atribuyen al juego educadoras que desempeñan su labor con párvulos menores de tres años. La investigación se llevó a cabo bajo una metodología cualitativa y se empleó la Fenomenología Hermenéutica como método. Participaron seis profesionales que desempeñan su labor con párvulos menores de tres años en instituciones educativas ubicadas en las regiones de Ñuble y Biobío, Chile. Como técnica de producción de información se empleó la entrevista en profundidad, analizada a partir de un proceso de categorización mixto con apoyo del software Atlas ti v.8. En los resultados se destaca que las educadoras, a nivel de conciencia, tienen claridad para conceptualizar el juego, atribuyéndole una significativa valoración como medio para el aprendizaje, pero en su implementación se visualiza la instrumentalización de esta actividad.
CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA in situ DE CHILES (Capsicum spp.) SILVESTRES Y CULTIVADOS EN LA REGIÓN USUMACINTA, TABASCO
Authors: Ramirez Garcia Alex Ricardo
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la diversidad morfológica de los chiles ('Capsicum' spp.) silvestres y cultivados en la Región Usumacinta del estado de Tabasco. En los recorridos se obtuvieron 48 colectas de chiles distribuidas en 13 morfotipos, encontradas en 12 localidades de seis municipios de la región. A cada uno se le realizó la caracterización morfológica in situ utilizando 26 variables de planta, flor y fruto con base en la guía de descriptores para Capsicum del IPGRI. Los datos se analizaron por medio de un Análisis de Componentes Principales. En los dos primeros componentes principales se reportó el 42.55 % de la variación total entre colectas. Esto explica en mayor proporción la variabilidad de fruto y planta. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que existe variabilidad morfológica en colectas de chiles cultivados y silvestres. Se encontró en mayor frecuencia el morfotipo cultivado tabaquero y silvestres el pico de paloma.
Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.
Authors: Ek Rodríguez Iván Leonardo , Guadarrama Olivera María de los Ángeles , Ortiz Guadarrama Mariana , Labastida Astudillo Mauricio , Jiménez Pérez Nelly del Carmen
Published: April 2021

Se presenta información taxonómica de la planta trepadora 'Funastrum clausum' (Jacq.) Schltr., así como la etimología, descripción morfológica sintética, nombres comunes, datos sobre su distribución con especial referencia a su presencia en el estado de Tabasco, hábitat, usos e ilustraciones originales de las partes de la planta.
Evolución gramatical de las construcciones progresivas del inglés: una discusión diacrónica
Authors: van Arkel-Simón Carlos
Published: April 2021

In this paper we bring forward a comprehensive discussion on the grammatical development of the English progressive construction. From a set of progressive prototypes drawn from the family of corpora York-Toronto-Helsinki-Penn, we exemplify how the lexical and grammatical configuration of the construction which is characteristic of Present-Day English appears since Old English. Furthermore, we explain how the syntactic evolution of English enables the establishment of the obligatory grammatical nature of the verbal periphrastic construction. Finally, we explain how the grammatical patterns and the semantic and pragmatic features that describe the English progressive construction in the course of its evolution are manifested apparently through a functional-morphosyntactic and grammatical change gradient.
Dámaris Romero-González, Israel Muñoz-Gallarte y Gabriel Laguna-Mariscal (eds.), Visitors from beyond the grave. Ghosts in world literature
Authors: Librán Moreno Míriam
Published: April 2021

Dámaris Romero-González, Israel Muñoz-Gallarte y Gabriel Laguna-Mariscal (eds.), Visitors from beyond the grave. Ghosts in world literature. Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra, 2019. 300 páginas. ISBN: 978-989-26-1763-3; e-ISBN: 978-989-26-1765-7.
Detection Gene of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (rLH) in Madrasin Cattle using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Prasetyo Ivo Febrina , Utomo Budi , Madyawati Sri Pantja
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the profile of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (rLH) gene in Madrasin cross breed cattle. The sample of this study used blood samples from 3 breeds of cattle. There were Madrasin from Bangkalan City, Madura from Bangkalan City and Limousin from BET Cipelang Bogor. The sample criteria were used female cattle around 2,5 years old and ever partus (once). The genomic DNA was extracted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing with software BioEdit Vers. 8.0 to determine the sequence of nucleotide bases. The results of this study were that three samples detected fragments in the form of DNA with nucleotide base of 373 bp. The conclusion, gene rLH in Madrasin Cattle can detected using PCR.
Detection of Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle in Turen District Malang Regency using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) Methods
Authors: Kusumastuti Imbi , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Praja Ratih Novita , Suwarno Suwarno , Yunita Maya Nurwartanti , Yudhana Aditya
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research was to detect Brucellosis in female dairy cattle in Turen District, Malang Regency. A total of 78 samples were used in this research taken from 351 total population of female dairy cattle that have been calculated based on the slovin formula. The methods used in this research were Rose Bengal Test (RBT) for the screening test and continued with Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for the confirmation test. The results RBT of this research clearly showed that positive results from 10 samples were confirmed as a final diagnostic test of Brucellosis using CFT. CFT showed a positive result from 9 samples and negative in 1 sample. The percentage of Brucellosis occurrence in the Turen District was recorded at 11.5%. Moreover, Turen District also became an area with a high Brucellosis occurrence (>2%).
Immunohistochemical Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Cattle Spleen Organs from Ampel Slaughterhouse, Boyolali Regency
Authors: Nugroho Eko Prasetyo , Setiyono Agus , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Winarsih Wiwin , Astuti Dwi
Published: April 2021

Q-fever is a zoonotic bacterial disease that caused by Coxiella burnetii. These microorganism are gram negative and obligate intracellular bacteria. This study was conducted to detect C. burnetii in cattle organs which collected from Ampel slaughterhouse Boyolali Regency. In this study, spleen, heart, lung, liver and kidney were collected from 100 cattle. The samples were tested by immunohistochemical (IHC) method using polyclonal anti- C. burnetii antibodies. Immunohistochemical examination found the presence of C. burnetii in the cytoplasm of macrophage cells with specific brown color only in the spleen as many as 4 out of 100 cattle showing immunoreactive (4%). The four positive individual samples were from Simental cattle. These results indicate that Q-fever was found in local cattle in Boyolali Regency.
Titer Antibody of Newcastle Disease in Layer Chicken in Narmada District, West Lombok
Authors: Agustin Alfiana Laili Dwi , Ningtyas Novarina Sulsia Ista'In
Published: April 2021

Newcatle disease (ND) is a disease in poultry that can cause considerable losses for farmers. Common symptoms seen at the beginning of infection are decreased appetite for chickens, lethargy, conjunctivitis, and decreased egg production. There is no effective treatment for ND disease. One of the efforts to prevent ND is to do vaccination and good biosecurity. This study aimed to determine ND antibody titer in layer chicken in Narmada district, West Lombok. The serum sample used was 87 divided according to the length of post vaccination 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post vaccination. The method used to determine the antibody profile was the Haemaglutination inhibition test. A total of 87 serum chickens were sampled, and the antibody titer was still protective 26-211. Measuring antibody titer can help farmer to make health programs even better, so that livestock more resistant to virus infection.
The public rights to the sidewalk in a smart city framework: The case study of Surabaya
Authors: Aminah Siti
Published: April 2021

The pedestrian transformation in Surabaya smart city system encountered critical problem for pedestrians because transformation as a public space has reduced citizens’ rights to the city. Dominant forces tend to subordinate street vendors or Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL), who require public space. The city or urban government produces pedestrians as public spaces to support the ‘Smart City’ concept. This study explores the government’s ability to guarantee citizens’ rights to the city. In addition, this study seeks to observe the process of public space transformation in cities that implement smart city systems and analyze spatial street vendors’ practices in the pedestrian space. This research applies the right to cities and public space from a Marxian spatial perspective. This research is a case study that uses a qualitative method and interpretive analysis. Research findings indicate pedestrians’ paradox due to the government’s dispossession process to protect pedestrians through ‘furniturization’ policies that reduce smart city implementation. In conclusion, there are dynamics of spatial practice and social expression as pedestrian problems. The smart city system’s implementation causes the loss of fulfillment of the poor and street vendors’ needs and rights to participate inclusively in the social and political process in managing the city’s public spaces.
Ethnoecology of Banjarese in Managing the Snakehead Fish in Barito River Basin and Tributaries
Authors: Krisdianto Krisdianto
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Historically, Banjarese is living in lowland around the Barito riverbank, in the southern part of Borneo Island, from about around the 12th century. The first part of Banjarese history is a legend, but about the last three hundred years, there are data about Banjarese as a civilization with a kingdom involved in western colonialism history in Indonesia, as the pepper producer in the 17th century. They have settled almost in all Barito river tributaries and its basin and have been a part of the Barito freshwater wetland community, together with other Kalimantan ethnics such as Dayak hinterland or Malay in the coastal. This research aims to elucidate how far Banjarese is involved in managing wetlands, especially in managing Snakehead's population, enjoying its benefit and sustainability. We observe the fishers' activity on the field and village along Barito river and its basin and tributaries, visit their villages and interview them, and collect data from forum group discussion. About 60 participative respondents involve in our research. They are pleased to answer our question, explain how to cat the fish, and accompany us to evaluate Beje, ditches, or little ponds positioned lower than the land surface for placed sustainable fishes in a long dry season.  The result shows that Banjarese are traditionally managing the population of Snakehead and as a symbol of prosperity and conserve them for sustainability.
Description of the relationship between trunk disease expression and meteorological conditions, irrigation and physiological response in Chardonnay grapevines
Authors: Calvo-Garrido Carlos , Songy Aurélie , Marmol Ariadna , Roda Rafael , Clément Christophe , Fontaine Florence
Published: April 2021

Esca disease and Botryosphaeria dieback are currently considered as serious grapevine diseases which affect vineyard health and induce economic losses. Both of these trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by a complex of pathogens, and foliar expression is influenced by several factors, including environmental factors such as water stress. To manage water stress in some vine areas, culture practice based on irrigation systems for limiting water stress have been developed; however, little knowledge of the influence of such systems on GTD emergence is currently available. The present paper addresses the impact of irrigation systems and climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the expression of GTDs, specifically esca and Botryosphaeria dieback. A field experiment on Chardonnay in North East Spain, a vine growing area where drought is present and which is managed by an irrigation system, was therefore carried out during a 3-year period. The water stress impact on GTD expression was evaluated by measuring the GTD incidence and analysing different physiological parameters at different phenological stages, including principal component analysis and gene expression. The main finding of this study was the significant roles of vine transpiration and water availability, which depend on irrigation volume and rainfall amount; together, they may explain the erratic symptom expression in plants infected by GTD fungi depending on the year. All these parameters are discussed to better understand the relationship between GTD expression, irrigation system and climatic factors.
Friction velocity estimation using a 2D sonic anemometer in coastal zones
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de IngenieríaUnidad Académica Sisal del Instituto de Ingeniería de la UNAM.Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán 97355, Figueroa-Espinoza Bernardo , Sánchez-Mejía Zulia ,   Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON)5 de febrero 818 sur, Colonia Centro. C.P. 85000. Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. México., Uuh-Sonda Jorge Maximiliano ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUnidad Académica Sisal del Instituto de Ingeniería de la UNAM.Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán 97355, Salles Paulo ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de IngenieríaUnidad Académica Sisal del Instituto de Ingeniería de la UNAM.Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán 97355, Méndez-Barroso Luis ,   Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON)5 de febrero 818 sur, Colonia Centro. C.P. 85000. Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. México., Gutiérrez-Jurado Hugo Alberto ,   The University of Texas at El Paso500 West University AvenueEl Paso, TX 79968
Published: April 2021

Friction velocity (u*) is an important velocity scale used in the study of engineering and geophysical flows. The widespread use of 2D sonic anemometers in modern meteorological stations makes the estimation of u* from just the horizontal components of the velocity a very attractive possibility. The presence of different wind regimes (such as sea breezes in or near coastal zones) causes the turbulent parameters to be dependent on the wind direction. Additionally, u* depends on atmospheric stability, whch makes the estimation of u* from 2D measurements very difficult. A simple expression is proposed, and then tested with data from six independent experiments located in coastal zones. The results show that it is possible to estimate friction velocity from 2D measurements using the turbulence intensity as a proxy for u*, reducing substantially the sensitivity to the wind direction or atmospheric stability, with small root mean squared errors (0.06 < RMSE < 0.097) and high correlation coefficients (0.77 < r2 < 0.95).
Evaluation of the WRF-ARW model during an extreme rainfall event: Subtropical storm Guará
Authors:   Federal University of Espírito Santo, Lago Kitagawa Yasmin Kaore , Sperandio Nascimento Erick Giovani ,   SENAI CIMATEC, Perini Souza Noéle Bissoli ,   Federal University of Espírito Santo, Junior Zucatelli Pedro ,   Federal University of Espírito Santo, Kumar Prashant ,   University of Surrey, de Almeida Albuquerque Taciana Toledo ,   Federal University of Minas Gerais, Romero de Moraes Marcelo ,   Federal University of Pampa, Martins Moreira Davidson ,   SENAI CIMATEC
Published: April 2021

This study simulates an unusual extreme rainfall event that occurred in Salvador city, Bahia, Brazil, on December 9, 2017, which was named subtropical storm Guará and had precipitation of approximately 24 mm within less than 1 h. Numerical simulations were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over three domains with horizontal resolutions of 9, 3, and 1 km. Different combinations of seven microphysics, three cumulus, and three planetary boundary layer schemes were evaluated based on their ability to simulate the hourly precipitation during this rainfall event. Statistical indices (MB = –0.69; RMSE = 4.11; MAGE = 1.74; r = 0.55; IOA = 0.66; FAC2 = 0.58) and time series plots showed that the most suitable configurations for this weather event were the Mellor-Yamada-Janjić, Grell-Freitas, and Lin formulations for the planetary boundary layer, cumulus, and microphysics schemes, respectively. The results were compared with the data measured at meteorological stations located in Salvador city. The WRF model simulated well the arrival and occurrence of this extreme weather event in a tropical and coastal region, considering that the region already has intense convective characteristics and is constantly influenced by sea breezes, which could interfere in the model results and compromise the performance of the simulations.
World Lines in Einstein's Elevator
Authors: Rouaud Mathieu
Published: April 2021

We all have in mind Einstein's famous thought experiment in the elevator where we observe the free fall of a body and then the trajectory of a light ray. Simply here, in addition to the qualitative aspect, we carry out the exact calculation. We consider a uniformly accelerated reference frame in rectilinear translation and we show that the trajectories of the particles are ellipses centered on the horizon of the events. The frame of reference is non-inertial, the space-time is flat, the metric is non-Minkowskian and the computations are performed within the framework of special relativity. Some experimental consequences are discussed such as trajectory deviation, desynchronization of a falling clock and the Michelson interferometer. The differences, compared to the classical case, are important at large scale and close to the horizon, but they are small in the box where the interest is above all theoretical and pedagogical. The study helps the student to become familiar with the concepts of metric, coordinate velocity, horizon, and, to do the analogy with the black hole.
Enhancing Business Schools’ Pedagogy on Sustainable Business Practices and Ethical Decision-Making
Authors: Rodenburg Kathleen , MacDonald Kelly
Published: April 2021

Business school curriculums are designed to improve business skills and a student’s eventual workplace performance. In addition to these business skill sets the emerging business environment demands softer skills associated with ethical decision-making and sustainable business practices. Understanding the key influencers of ethical orientation and attitudes towards the environment is the first critical step for curriculum planning designed to develop both ethical decision-making and environmental sensibilities of students in business schools. Using a bivariate regression analysis (OLS) that compared the established New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale and the newly introduced Ethical Orientation Scale (EOS), this study assesses environmental eco-consciousness and ethical orientation over time and across varying socio-demographic variables. The study shows first, that in addition to socio-cultural variables, situational factors influence ethical decision-making. Secondly, it illuminates that ethical orientations as measured by the EOS predicts beliefs about the environment as measured by the NEP scale. It further provides evidence of the ethical underpinnings of the New Ecological Paradigm as well as provides initial validation for the new EOS. These outcomes provide additional levers to assist business educators in the creation of high impact teaching strategies to measure and encourage ethical decision-making and sustainable business practices that protect the environment.
Why Dilated Convolutional Neural Networks: A Proof of Their Optimality
Authors: Contreras Jonatan , Ceberio Martine , Kreinovich Vladik
Published: April 2021

One of the most effective image processing techniques is the use of convolutional neural networks, where we combine intensity values at grid points in the vicinity of each point. To speed up computations, researchers have developed a dilated version of this technique, in which only some points are processed. It turns out that the most efficient case is when we select points from a sub-grid. In this paper, we explain this empirical efficiency proving that the sub-grid is indeed optimal – in some reasonable sense. To be more precise, we prove that all reasonable optimality criteria, the optimal subset of the original grid is either a sub-grid, or a sub-grid-like set.
Blueberry Mechanized Harvesting: Preliminary Results in the Italian Context
Authors: Brondino Luca , Massaglia Stefano , Giuggioli Nicole Roberta , Peano Cristiana
Published: April 2021

The object of this work is to report some preliminary results on the mechanical harvesting of blueberry fruits of cv. Cargo® in the Piedmont region, one of the most productive areas of Italy that is specialized for fresh blueberry production. The automatization of harvesting operations could represent a competitive advantage for the investigated area’s blueberries supply chain, but could act as a limitation to maintaining the quality of fresh berries. A prototype machine and a commercial harvester (Easy Harvester®) were compared to manual picking, considering harvest efficiency (share of loss), labor productivity and harvesting cost. In the indicated context, the cost of labor exceeds 2.00 euros per kg of sellable product. The use of the prototype allowed a 37% re-duction of this cost, and the use of the Easy Harvester® allowed a reduction of about two thirds. It should be emphasized that these positive performances do not consider two other aspects: the re-duction in the marketable volume (attributable to losses in the harvest and post-harvest phase), and the reduction in the net sale price by 0.30 euros due to the sorting/selection costs in the ware-house. In this study, we highlight how the transition to mechanical harvesting requires the trans-formation of several farming and warehouse operations, such as new crop varieties, new field configurations, and new packaging processes. However, a possible technical improvement of the Easy Harvester® machine could represent an opportunity for Italian companies in the planning of the production and marketing of berries, involving all actors of the supply chain. Further research on the use of mechanization in the sector must still be continued and supported.
Modeling Drugs-PLGA Nanoparticles Interactions Using Gaussian Processes: Pharmaceutics Informatics Approach
Authors: Hathout Rania M. , Mahmoud Orchid A , Ali Dalia S , Mamdouh Marina , Metwally Abdelkader A
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to correlate the binding of drugs on a very popular nanoparticulate polymeric matrix; PLGA nanoparticles with their main constitutional, electronic and physico-chemical descriptors. Gaussian Processes (GPs) was the artificial intelligence machine learning method that was utilized to fulfil this task. The method could successfully model the results where optimum values of the investigated descriptors of the loaded drugs were deduced. A percentage bias of 12.68 % ± 2.1 was obtained in predicting the binding energies of a group of test drugs. As a conclusion, GPs could successfully model the drugs-PLGA interactions associated with a good predicting power. The GPs-predicted binding energies (ΔG) can easily be projected to the drugs loading as was previously proven. Adopting the “Pharmaceutics Informatics” approach can save the pharmaceutical industry and the drug delivery scientists a lot of exerted resources, efforts and time.