bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La violencia en Cuentos completos de Arturo Martínez Galindo y Ceniza de Eliseo Pérez Cadalso
Authors: Jaén Emmanuel
Published: May 2014

Se aborda el tema de la violencia en dos obras de escritores hondureños del siglo XX: Cuentos completos de Arturo Martínez Galindo y Ceniza de Eliseo Pérez Cadalso. Se evidencia, en uno de los relatos más conocidos de Martínez Galindo y en varios de Pérez Cadalso, que la violencia procede de situaciones sociales que no están plenamente dilucidadas. Empero, ello permite apreciar dos aspectos del tema: primero, sus manifestaciones más execrables (el asesinato, la violación) segundo, la propuesta estética de ambos autores. El análisis psicológico y social propuesto, permite un acercamiento a las motivaciones de los personajes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i31.1408 Paradigma- Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 31: 67-77
La reforma liberal y la construcción de la figura de Francisco Morazán como imaginario de la nación
Authors: Amaya Jorge Alberto
Published: May 2014

Fue durante el proceso de la Reforma Liberal (1876-1900), iniciada por Marco Aurelio Soto y su primo Ramón Rosa, que se reforzaron los cimientos de la construcción del Estado-nación en Honduras. El objetivo fundamental de dichas Reformas Liberales era la modernización de las estructuras económicas y sociales con vistas a facilitar el desarrollo de las economías de exportación, atrayendo los capitales extranjeros y asegurando una cierta estabilidad política e institucional. Pero también, los reformistas calculaban que con las transformaciones introducidas, se podría por fin consolidar el Estadonación hondureño. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i31.1409 Paradigma- Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 31: 79-100
Investigación, escritura y formación inicial del profesor
Authors: Barbosa Marinalva Vieira
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i31.1410Paradigma- Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 31: 101-128
Gestão de Riscos em Projetos: Uma Análise Comparativa da Norma ISO 31000 e o Guia PMBOK®, 2012.
Authors: Ferreira Bilmar Angelis De Almeida , De Almeida Jane de Oliveira Rabelo , Leão Paulo Roberto Corrêa , Silva Núbia Ponte Gonçalves
Published: May 2014

Este artigo apresenta o estudo detalhado e a opinião de autores especializados para avaliar e comparar duas metodologias disponíveis para gestão de riscos: a norma ISO 31000 e o guia PMBOK/PMI®, 2012. A metodologia da pesquisa é descritiva e qualitativa, que permite interpretar as informações coletadas de forma subjetiva. A estratégia da pesquisa deste artigo tem como objetivo analisar os dois modelos através de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema. Neste contexto, o artigo se propõe ao estudo dos conceitos de projeto, gestão de projetos, riscos e gestão de riscos, através da analise comparativa entre os dois modelos de gestão, para identificar as similaridades e/ou diferenças na estrutura, processos e metodologias, resultando na confirmação de que a norma ISO 31000 e o guia PMBOK/PMI®, 2012, podem ser adaptados para o emprego na gestão de riscos em projetos.DOI:10.5585/gep.v4i3.173
Gestão de Projetos e Sustentabilidade: Um Estudo Bibliométrico da Produção Científica na Base Web of Science
Authors: Da Rocha Adilson Carlos , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Kneipp Jordana Marques , Camargo Caroline Rossetto
Published: May 2014

Este artigo analisou as características das publicações relacionadas aos temas Gestão de Projetos e Sustentabilidade. A pesquisa foi realizada na base de dados Web of Science da ISI Web of Knowledge, procurando identificar as principais áreas temáticas, autores, tipos de documentos, título das fontes, ano das publicações, instituições, idiomas e países destas publicações, assim como a identificação dos “hot topics” relacionados aos tópicos “Project Management and Sustainability” e relacionou as publicações mais citadas com os autores que mais publicam sobre a temática pesquisada. A análise dos dados teve por base os cálculos dos índices h-b e m de Banks (2006). De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, o número de publicações cresceu de forma significativa no período analisado, concentrando-se nos Estados Unidos, com 97% das publicações escritas no idioma inglês e tendo como principal fonte o periódico WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. Dentre os 20 tópicos combinados com os temas pesquisados, Gestão, Desempenho, Planejamento e Social apresentaram índice m ≥ 2 podendo então serem classificados como tópicos exclusivos com alcance não apenas na sua própria área de pesquisa. Constatou-se ainda que as dez publicações com o maior número de citações, sendo uma referência na temática pesquisada, não pertencem aos autores que mais publicam sobre o tema.DOI:10.5585/gep.v4i3.200
Competências de Gerentes de Projetos Sustentáveis
Authors: Todorov Maria Do Carmo Assis , Kniess Claudia Terezinha , Martins Cibele Barsalini
Published: May 2014

O atual cenário de competitividade leva as organizações a buscarem novas estratégias, processos e modelos de gestão e o gerenciamento de projetos precisou levar em conta a sustentabilidade, segundo Carvalho e Rabechini (2011). Isto requer mudança de comportamento e para isto é preciso desenvolver competências necessárias e parcerias inovadoras entre a sociedade e a academia (Leeuw, Wiek & Buizer, 2012). Para atender a esta necessidade emergente, este trabalho tem como Objetivo Geral identificar quais as competências de Gerentes de Projetos são mais aderentes a sustentabilidade e os Objetivos Específicos são: a) Indicar as competências de um líder sustentável; b) Comparar estas competências com as competências de um gerente de projetos; c) Apresentar competências para gerentes de projetos sustentáveis. Metodologia: Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória e descritiva foi elaborada uma pesquisa com Gerentes de Projetos de 6 (seis) empresas praticantes da gestão socioambiental, empresas classificadas no Dow Jones (2012) e/ou ranqueadas no BenchMais (2011). Resultados: Com a revisão bibliográfica foi possível identificar as competências de um líder sustentável e compará-las com as competências de um gerente de projetos. Com o questionário validou-se as competências de um gerente de projetos sustentáveis.DOI:10.5585/gep.v4i3.206
Rechazo parental en homosexuales de una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Casas Patiño Donovan , Torres Alejandra Rodríguez , Abagaro Camila Pereira
Published: May 2014

Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de rechazo parental en pacientes homosexuales de una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo donde se aplicó el instrumento de Rechazo Familiar de Lozano-Díaz (2010) a 39 padres de familia de homosexuales adscritos a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar n° 195 de Chalco, México. La muestra no probabilística y por conveniencia se obtuvo en la consulta de medicina familiar, con ayuda de trabajadores sociales, concertando citas con los padres de pacientes reconocidos como homosexuales. Resultados: 1) Hubo una mayor actitud negativa hacia la homosexualidad por la rama paterna; 2) Hubo un alto sentimiento de deshonra familiar por tener en la familia un hijo o hija homosexual; 3) Se consideró altamente desagradable la preferencia sexual hacia el mismo sexo; 4) No se aceptan los lazos matrimoniales entre parejas del mismo sexo. Conclusiones: Se puede afirmar que el rechazo parental al hijo/hija homosexual fue considerablemente alto en el grupo investigado. Cabe mencionar que estos pacientes deben ser abordados no sólo individualmente sino en su entorno familiar. La búsqueda de alternativas no biomédicas puede ayudar a la aceptación de la expresión homosexual, disminuyendo la discriminación en el ambiente familiar, y, por ende, en el institucional.
Acolhimento com classificação de risco para a Estratégia Saúde da Família: a prática em uma unidade docente-assistencial
Authors: Scholze Alessandro da Silva
Published: May 2014

O acolhimento é visto, concomitantemente, como tecnologia do encontro, criando redes de conversações para resgatar um enfoque centrado no usuário, e como ação técnico-assistencial para reorganizar os processos de trabalho. Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma reflexão teórica sobre as possibilidades de empregar formas de Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco (ACR) na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), a partir da descrição de sua implantação no processo de trabalho de três equipes da ESF que atuam em uma mesma Unidade de Saúde (US) em Itajaí-SC. A construção coletiva de novos fluxos de atenção e instrumentos auxiliares para a classificação de risco pode ser empregada para qualificar o serviço segundo os princípios da equidade e integralidade. As limitações do processo devem ser identificadas e discutidas como parte de constante reavaliação e reajuste no processo de trabalho. O ACR mostrou-se um desafio e uma possibilidade de avanço no sentido da humanização pela horizontalização das relações e busca de corresponsabilização tanto no interior das ESF como nos contatos destas com os usuários.
Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares do município de Feliz, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Panazzolo Paulo Ricardo , Finimundi Helius Carlos , Stoffel Maria Otilia Spier , Simon Ronie André , Lima Márcia Cristina de , Costanzi Cristine Bonne
Published: May 2014

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre escolares do ensino fundamental no município de Feliz-RS, no ano de 2010. Métodos: Se realizou um censo escolar que incluiu 633 alunos com idades entre 6 e 10 anos, tendo sido feita avaliação antropométrica que incluía peso e altura. Para a classificação de sobrepeso e obesidade, foram utilizados pontos de corte propostos pelo Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000, sendo considerado sobrepeso um índice de massa corpórea (IMC) entre o percentil 85 e menor que 95 e obesidade um IMC percentil ?95. Resultados: A prevalência de obesidade no grupo foi de 15,9% e o sobrepeso acometeu 15,4% das crianças. Somando-se as duas condições, 31,4% dos escolares estavam acima do peso esperado para a idade e estatura. A prevalência de obesidade foi maior nas faixas etárias de 6 e 7 anos, quando comparada às das crianças de 9 e 10 anos, respectivamente, 23,3% e 8,23% (p<0,001). Meninos e meninas não apresentaram diferença significativamente estatística na prevalência de sobrepeso (15,4% para 15,2%) e obesidade (16,1% para 15,2%), respectivamente. Em relação à localização geográfica, meninos locados em escolas na zona rural do município apresentaram maior prevalência de obesidade quando comparados aos meninos das escolas localizadas na sede do município, respectivamente 22,7% para 13,6% (p=0,036). Conclusão: A obesidade foi significativamente mais prevalente nas crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade e também nos meninos matriculados nas escolas da zona rural do município.
Prevalência e fatores associados a potenciais interações medicamentosas entre idosos em um estudo de base populacional
Authors: Gotardelo Daniel Riani , Fonseca Lorena Silva , Masson Eugênio Rodrigues , Lopes Lauro Nogueira , Toledo Vinícius Nogueira , Faioli Marina Abreu , Meira Aline Martins de Melo , Costa Cássia Kelly Martins , Andrade Raíssa Braga Linhares
Published: May 2014

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de potenciais interações medicamentosas e os fatores a elas associados entre idosos cadastrados nas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Timóteo, MG. Métodos: Estudo transversal, utilizando amostragem aleatória estratificada. Foram realizadas 273 entrevistas domiciliares, com indivíduos de 60 anos ou mais de idade, por meio de formulário que continha perguntas de identificação, sociodemográficas e questões relacionadas às condições de saúde do idoso e ao consumo de medicamentos. As interações medicamentosas foram identificadas e classificadas de acordo com o software Micromedex®. Resultados: A prevalência de potenciais interações medicamentosas foi de 55,6%, perfazendo um total de 466 ocorrências, das quais 5,6% eram leves, 81,6% eram moderadas e 12,8% eram de maior gravidade. As classes terapêuticas mais frequentemente envolvidas foram anti-inflamatórios e, principalmente, fármacos utilizados em doenças cardiovasculares. A ausência de internação hospitalar nos últimos 4 meses associou-se significativamente a uma menor chance de interações graves, e a maior parte dos pacientes que não tiveram nenhum tipo de interação moderada utilizava apenas medicamentos prescritos por médicos. Conclusões: A prevalência de interações medicamentosas encontrada foi semelhante à descrita na literatura, demonstrando alta frequência entre idosos. A ausência de internação hospitalar prévia e a prescrição de medicamentos por profissionais médicos associaram-se a uma menor frequência desse fenômeno. A prescrição de múltiplos medicamentos simultaneamente aos idosos pode comprometer a segurança e a saúde dessa população, requerendo, por parte dos cuidadores, observação atenta quanto à ocorrência de interações medicamentosas.
Abordagem da dermatite atópica na infância pelo Médico de Família e Comunidade
Authors: Guilherme Alysson Quitério , Carvalho Bárbara Couto , Diniz Bernarlli Pinto , Bianco Bianca Ferreira , Andrade Talita Granero de , Araújo Liubiana Arantes
Published: May 2014

Dermatite atópica (DA) é uma inflamação crônica e pruriginosa da pele, que acomete crianças nos primeiros anos de vida. Sua etiologia permanece pouco elucidada, mas sabe-se que ocorre uma disfunção da barreira cutânea que facilita a penetração de alérgenos/irritantes na epiderme, provocando reação inflamatória com predomínio de resposta Th2 em relação a Th1. O diagnóstico é clínico, podendo associar-se com a presença de história familiar e pregressa de atopias, como rinite e asma. A DA manifesta-se por meio de lesões eczematosas, pruriginosas, com presença de eritema, pápulas, vesículas e escamas. Os principais diagnósticos diferenciais são dermatite seborreica, dermatite de contato, psoríase e escabiose. O tratamento baseia-se na educação do paciente e de seus familiares, somado ao controle do prurido com anti-histamínicos e da inflamação com corticoides e inibidores da calcineurina. Devido à alta prevalência e impacto da DA na qualidade de vida de crianças, corrobora-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce e de uma abordagem individualizada.
Principios Éticos y Prevención Cuaternaria: ¿es posible no proteger el ejercicio del principio de autonomía?
Authors: Pizzanelli Báez Enrique Miguel
Published: May 2014

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los principios éticos y la Prevención Cuaternaria utilizando como ejemplo la política adoptada por el gobierno Uruguayo, que a partir del año 2006 obliga a realizar tamizaje para el cáncer de mama, mediante mamografías obligatorias cada dos años, a las trabajadoras entre los 40 y 59 años de edad. Actualmente existe una controversia internacional sobre la pertinencia de los programas de detección precoz del cáncer de mama, y surgen autores e instituciones advirtiendo sobre la tensión entre el ejercicio de la autonomía individual y un contexto que promueve cada vez más la medicalización de la vida. En este contexto es fundamental que los médicos de familia utilicen un abordaje individualizado que respete la autonomía de las personas.
Razones, retos y aportaciones del programa de la especialidad de medicina familiar y comunitaria en España
Authors: Casado Vicente Verónica , Luzón Oliver Lourdes
Published: May 2014

El sistema de formación especializada, mediante residencia, ha sido, indudablemente, en estos 30 años uno de los motores que ha contribuido a elevar de forma homogénea la calidad asistencial y la seguridad de los pacientes, alcanzando de forma eficiente importantes resultados en salud en España, en relación a los países de nuestro entorno.La especialidad de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (MFyC) es una de las 44 especialidades médicas vía residencia. Se desarrolla en 97 Unidades Docentes que cuentan con 887 Centros de Salud y 212 hospitales acreditados y forma en torno a 1800 residentes/año.El programa de la especialidad,  actualmente vigente, de 4 años, es un programa orientado por competencias, donde la flexibilidad, la pluripotencialidad, el eje tutor-residente y la evaluación formativa  son sus características claves. Nace de la  firme voluntad de actualizar y consolidar el cuerpo doctrinal y los valores de la MFyC y de un profundo compromiso con la formación y con el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se sustenta en la evidencia de que un sistema sanitario para ser equitativo, efectivo, eficiente y viable debe contar con una Atención Primaria potente y resolutiva, la cual debe ser proporcionada por médicos bien formados y entrenados en su práctica.Por todo ello, es clave que los Ministerios y Organismos responsables de los sistemas sanitario y educativo de los países, consideren, como objetivo imprescindible, valorizar, con financiación adecuada y “empowerment”, a la Atención Primaria como función central del sistema sanitario y a la MFyC como disciplina, especialidad y profesión sanitaria.
T cell-intrinsic role of IL-6 signaling in primary and memory responses
Authors: Nish Simone A , Schenten Dominik , Wunderlich F Thomas , Pope Scott D , Gao Yan , Hoshi Namiko , Yu Shuang , Yan Xiting , Lee Heung Kyu , Pasman Lesley , Brodsky Igor , Yordy Brian , Zhao Hongyu , Brüning Jens , Medzhitov Ruslan
Published: May 2014

Innate immune recognition is critical for the induction of adaptive immune responses; however the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that T cell-specific deletion of the IL-6 receptor α chain (IL-6Rα) results in impaired Th1 and Th17 T cell responses in vivo, and a defect in Tfh function. Depletion of Tregs in these mice rescued the Th1 but not the Th17 response. Our data suggest that IL-6 signaling in effector T cells is required to overcome Treg-mediated suppression in vivo. We show that IL-6 cooperates with IL-1β to block the suppressive effect of Tregs on CD4+ T cells, at least in part by controlling their responsiveness to IL-2. In addition, although IL-6Rα-deficient T cells mount normal primary Th1 responses in the absence of Tregs, they fail to mature into functional memory cells, demonstrating a key role for IL-6 in CD4+ T cell memory formation.
Coupled ion binding and structural transitions along the transport cycle of glutamate transporters
Authors: Verdon Grégory , Oh SeCheol , Serio Ryan N , Boudker Olga
Published: May 2014

Membrane transporters that clear the neurotransmitter glutamate from synapses are driven by symport of sodium ions and counter-transport of a potassium ion. Previous crystal structures of a homologous archaeal sodium and aspartate symporter showed that a dedicated transport domain carries the substrate and ions across the membrane. Here, we report new crystal structures of this homologue in ligand-free and ions-only bound outward- and inward-facing conformations. We show that after ligand release, the apo transport domain adopts a compact and occluded conformation that can traverse the membrane, completing the transport cycle. Sodium binding primes the transport domain to accept its substrate and triggers extracellular gate opening, which prevents inward domain translocation until substrate binding takes place. Furthermore, we describe a new cation-binding site ideally suited to bind a counter-transported ion. We suggest that potassium binding at this site stabilizes the translocation-competent conformation of the unloaded transport domain in mammalian homologues.
Drastic changes in conformational dynamics of the antiterminator M2-1 regulate transcription efficiency in Pneumovirinae
Authors: Leyrat Cedric , Renner Max , Harlos Karl , Huiskonen Juha T , Grimes Jonathan M
Published: May 2014

The M2-1 protein of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a zinc-binding transcription antiterminator which is highly conserved among pneumoviruses. We report the structure of tetrameric HMPV M2-1. Each protomer features a N-terminal zinc finger domain and an α-helical tetramerization motif forming a rigid unit, followed by a flexible linker and an α-helical core domain. The tetramer is asymmetric, three of the protomers exhibiting a closed conformation, and one an open conformation. Molecular dynamics simulations and SAXS demonstrate a dynamic equilibrium between open and closed conformations in solution. Structures of adenosine monophosphate- and DNA- bound M2-1 establish the role of the zinc finger domain in base-specific recognition of RNA. Binding to ‘gene end’ RNA sequences stabilized the closed conformation of M2-1 leading to a drastic shift in the conformational landscape of M2-1. We propose a model for recognition of gene end signals and discuss the implications of these findings for transcriptional regulation in pneumoviruses.
SLY1 and Syntaxin 18 specify a distinct pathway for procollagen VII export from the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Nogueira Cristina , Erlmann Patrik , Villeneuve Julien , Santos António JM , Martínez-Alonso Emma , Martínez-Menárguez José Ángel , Malhotra Vivek
Published: May 2014

TANGO1 binds and exports Procollagen VII from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this study, we report a connection between the cytoplasmic domain of TANGO1 and SLY1, a protein that is required for membrane fusion. Knockdown of SLY1 by siRNA arrested Procollagen VII in the ER without affecting the recruitment of COPII components, general protein secretion, and retrograde transport of the KDEL-containing protein BIP, and ERGIC53. SLY1 is known to interact with the ER-specific SNARE proteins Syntaxin 17 and 18, however only Syntaxin 18 was required for Procollagen VII export. Neither SLY1 nor Syntaxin 18 was required for the export of the equally bulky Procollagen I from the ER. Altogether, these findings reveal the sorting of bulky collagen family members by TANGO1 at the ER and highlight the existence of different export pathways for secretory cargoes one of which is mediated by the specific SNARE complex containing SLY1 and Syntaxin 18.
Dependency of parameter values of a crop model on the spatial scale of simulation
Authors: Iizumi Toshichika , Tanaka Yukiko , Sakurai Gen , Ishigooka Yasushi , Yokozawa Masayuki
Published: May 2014

Reliable regional‐scale representation of crop growth and yields has been increasingly important in earth system modeling for the simulation of atmosphere‐vegetation‐soil interactions in managed ecosystems. While the parameter values in many crop models are location specific or cultivar specific, the validity of such values for regional simulation is in question. We present the scale dependency of likely parameter values that are related to the responses of growth rate and yield to temperature, using the paddy rice model applied to Japan as an example. For all regions, values of the two parameters that determine the degree of yield response to low temperature (the base temperature for calculating cooling degree days and the curvature factor of spikelet sterility caused by low temperature) appeared to change relative to the grid interval. Two additional parameters (the air temperature at which the developmental rate is half of the maximum rate at the optimum temperature and the value of developmental index at which point the crop becomes sensitive to the photoperiod) showed scale dependency in a limited region, whereas the remaining three parameters that determine the phenological characteristics of a rice cultivar and the technological level show no clear scale dependency. These results indicate the importance of using appropriate parameter values for the spatial scale at which a crop model operates. We recommend avoiding the use of location‐specific or cultivar‐specific parameter values for regional crop simulation, unless a rationale is presented suggesting these values are insensitive to spatial scale.
Plasmonic Core/Satellite Heterostructure with Hierarchical Nanogaps for Raman Spectroscopy Enhanced by Shell‐Isolated Nanoparticles
Authors: He Ru , Cheng Yuchuan , Jin Ting , Jiang Meng , Chen Chao , Xu Gaojie
Published: May 2014

A plasmonic core/satellite heterostructure is synthesized through an electrostatic self‐assembly protocol. The heterostructure comprises C‐coated Ag nanoparticles known as Ag@C shell‐isolated nanoparticles (SHINs) acting as satellite particles and a C‐coated Fe3O4 dielectric particle core (Fe3O4@C). The enhanced electromagnetic field generated from the hierarchical nanoscale gaps found among the particles makes high‐quality Raman spectra possible. As a result, shell‐isolated‐nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) based on this heterostructure is successfully applied for in‐situ trace‐amount detection of perylene in water. There is potential for its use in ultrasensitive detection in the liquid phase with real‐time monitoring. This work offers a new strategy for developing SHINs to improve the performance of SHINERS.
Association of CDH11 with non‐syndromic ASD
Authors: Crepel An , De Wolf Veerle , Brison Nathalie , Ceulemans Berten , Walleghem Didier , Peuteman Gilian , Lambrechts Diether , Steyaert Jean , Noens Ilse , Devriendt Koen , Peeters Hilde
Published: May 2014

We report a sporadic patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), mild intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a de novo partial deletion of CADHERIN 11 (CDH11). The deletion is associated with one of the breakpoints of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement 46,XY,t(3;16;5)(q29;q22;q15)inv4(p14;q21)ins(4;5)(q21;q14.3q15). Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules involved in synaptic plasticity. Since genetic evidence points towards a role for cadherins in ASD, we studied the possible contribution of CDH11 to ASD. A case‐control association study for 14 SNP variants in 519 ASD cases and 1,192 controls showed significant overrepresentation of rs7187376C/C genotypes in the patient group [P = 0.0049 (Chi‐square = 7.90 1 df) and O.R. 3.88 C.I. = 1.403–10.733]. There was no association for C/T versus T/T [P = 0.6772 (Chi‐square = 0.17 1 df)] nor was there association at the allelic level [P = 0.4373 (Chi‐square = 0.6 1 df)]. In addition to the association of common variants in CDH11 with ASD, we studied the possible contribution of rare variants by sequencing CDH11 in 247 patients, and found three novel variants in the coding region of CDH1, of which two variants were unlikely to be causal. Targeted CNV screening in these 247 patients did not reveal copy number variation in CDH11. In conclusion, the data provide evidence for the involvement of CDH11 in ASD which is consistent with the association of other cadherins with ASD and neuropsychiatric diseases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproductive characteristics of wild Sanje mangabeys (Cercocebus sanjei)
Authors: Fernández David , Doran‐Sheehy Diane , Borries Carola , Brown Janine L.
Published: May 2014

An accurate description of reproductive characteristics and ovarian endocrinology is necessary to address questions about the reproductive strategies and life history of a species and for meaningful, cross species analyses. Here we used analysis of fecal estradiol (fE) and behavioral observations to determine for the first time the reproductive characteristics and endocrinology of a wild group (N = 18 adult and 3 adolescent females) of Sanje mangabeys (Cercocebus sanjei). The study was conducted in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania, from October 2008 through September 2010. Average cycle length (±SD) was 29.3 ± 3.2 days in adults and 51.4 ± 5.5 days in adolescents. Menses appeared within 5.1 ± 2.1 days in adults and 4.8 ± 0.3 days in adolescents after the end of maximum tumescence, and lasted 6.7 ± 3.1 and 10.3 ± 5.0 days, respectively. Infant death tended to reduce the number of cycles to conception (4.3 ± 1.5 cycles after a surviving infant vs. 2.6 ± 1.0 cycles after infant death). Adolescents cycled for at least 16 months without conceiving. Implantation bleeding began 17.5 ± 0.7 days from the onset of detumescence, and lasted 10.0 ± 1.4 days. Gestation length averaged 171.8 ± 3.4 days. Postpartum amenorrhea lasted 6.7 ± 2.3 months while females whose infants had died resumed cycling within 14.3 ± 5.9 days. The interbirth interval after a surviving infant averaged 20.0 ± 4.3 months. These reproductive characteristics of the Sanje mangabey resembled those of other mangabeys and related cercopithecines, with the exception of an earlier onset and longer duration of menstruation and implantation bleeding. Further information on the physiology of the Sanje mangabey is needed to clarify what factors may cause the unusual characteristics of both, their menses and implantation bleeding. Am. J. Primatol. 76:1163–1174, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone quality in prehistoric, cis‐baikal forager femora: A micro‐CT analysis of cortical canal microstructure
Authors: Faccia Kathleen , Buie Helen , Weber Andrzej , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I. , Goriunova Olga I. , Boyd Steven , Hallgrímsson Benedikt , Katzenberg M. Anne
Published: May 2014

Bone quality, a contributor to bone strength, is determined by structural and mechanical properties, which may be analyzed by gross and/or microscopic methods. Variables that contribute to bone quality, such as porosity, can provide insight into the health and lifestyles of people in prehistory. This study tests the ability of microcomputed tomography (µCT) to capture and characterize cortical canal systems in archaeological bone. Seven variables and 71 femora are analyzed to explore bone dynamics in prehistoric foragers from Lake Baikal, Siberia. The results indicate that canal number and canal separation differ significantly (P < 0.05) between age‐at‐death categories, but only for the pooled and male samples. When merged into a new variable by means of principal components analysis, canal diameter and canal surface to canal volume are also able to discriminate amongst age‐at‐death categories, as well as between the sexes. However, the overall lack of significant differences between the sexes and amongst age‐at‐death categories indicates that Baikal forager bone quality (i.e., canal architecture) did not change drastically throughout the lifespan. Interestingly, principal component one identified an untested variable that contributes to canal microstructure variability, and a sexual division of labor may promote divergent trends in canal degree of anisotropy between the sexes. Overall, µCT provides an alternate method for exploring bone quality in archaeological remains, complementing existing methods such as thin‐sectioning and gross morphological analyses. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:486–497, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THz and above THz electron or hole oscillations in DNA dimers and trimers
Authors: Lambropoulos Konstantinos , Kaklamanis Konstantinos , Georgiadis Georgios , Simserides Constantinos
Published: May 2014

A non conventional source or receiver of THz and above THz electromagnetic radiation is proposed. Specifically, electron or hole oscillations in DNA dimers (two interacting DNA base‐pairs or monomers) are predicted, with frequency in the range 0.25–100 THz (period 10–4000 fs) i.e. potentially absorbing or emitting electromagnetic radiation mainly in the mid‐ and far‐infrared with wavelengths ≈ 3–1200 μm. The efficiency of charge transfer between the two monomers which make up the dimer is described with the maximum transfer percentage p  and the pure maximum transfer rate . For dimers made of identical monomers , but for dimers made of different monomers . The investigation is extended to DNA trimers (three interacting DNA base‐pairs or monomers). For trimers made of identical monomers the carrier oscillates periodically with 0.5–33 THz ( 30–2000 fs); for 0 times crosswise purines , for 1 or 2 times crosswise purines . For trimers made of different monomers the carrier movement may be non periodic. Generally, increasing the number of monomers above three, the system becomes more complex and periodicity is lost; even for the simplest tetramer the carrier movement is not periodic.
The BEH mechanism and its scalar boson
Authors: Englert François
Published: May 2014

The theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles was recently confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. In his Nobel lecture, F. Englert gives an overview of this research which has led to the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013 which he shared with Peter W. Higgs.
Chemoselective Amination of Propargylic C(sp3)H Bonds by Cobalt(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis
Authors: Lu Hongjian , Li Chaoqun , Jiang Huiling , Lizardi Christopher L. , Zhang X. Peter
Published: May 2014

Highly chemoselective intramolecular amination of propargylic C(sp3)H bonds has been demonstrated for N‐bishomopropargylic sulfamoyl azides through cobalt(II)‐based metalloradical catalysis. Supported by D2h‐symmetric amidoporphyrin ligand 3,5‐DitBu‐IbuPhyrin, the cobalt(II)‐catalyzed CH amination proceeds effectively under neutral and nonoxidative conditions without the need of any additives, and generates N2 as the only byproduct. The metalloradical amination is suitable for both secondary and tertiary propargylic CH substrates with an unusually high degree of functional‐group tolerance, thus providing a direct method for high‐yielding synthesis of functionalized propargylamine derivatives.
Harnessing Quinone Methides: Total Synthesis of (±)‐Vaticanol A
Authors: Jepsen Tue H. , Thomas Stephen B. , Lin Yunqing , Stathakis Christos I. , de Miguel Irene , Snyder Scott A.
Published: May 2014

Although quinone methides are often postulated as intermediates in the biosynthesis of many polyphenolic natural products, deploying their power in a laboratory setting to achieve similar bond constructions has sometimes proven challenging. Herein, a total synthesis of the resveratrol trimer vaticanol A has been achieved through three instances of quinone methide chemistry. These operations, one of which succeeded only under very specific conditions, expediently generated its [7,5]‐carbocyclic core, afforded a unique sequence for dihydrobenzofuran formation, and concurrently generated, in addition to the target molecule, a series of diastereomers reflective of many other isolates.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Arylative Cyclization of Alkynones by 1,4‐Iridium Migration
Authors: Partridge Benjamin M. , Solana González Jorge , Lam Hon Wai
Published: May 2014

1,4‐Metal migrations enable the remote functionalization of CH bonds, and have been utilized in a wide variety of valuable synthetic methods. The vast majority of existing examples involve the 1,4‐migration of palladium or rhodium. Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of complex polycycles by the iridium‐catalyzed arylative cyclization of alkynones with arylboronic acids is described. To our knowledge, these reactions involve the first reported examples of 1,4‐iridium migration.
A Case of Strong Metal–Support Interactions: Combining Advanced Microscopy and Model Systems to Elucidate the Atomic Structure of Interfaces
Authors: Willinger Marc G. , Zhang Wei , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Shaikhutdinov Shamil , Freund Hans‐Joachim , Schlögl Robert
Published: May 2014

A symbiosis of advanced scanning probe and electron microscopy and a well‐defined model system may provide a detailed picture of interfaces on nanostructured catalytic systems. This was demonstrated for Pt nanoparticles supported on iron oxide thin films which undergo encapsulation by supporting oxide as a result of strong metal–support interactions.
Molybdenum Carbide as Alternative Catalysts to Precious Metals for Highly Selective Reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Porosoff Marc D. , Yang Xiaofang , Boscoboinik J. Anibal , Chen Jingguang G.
Published: May 2014

Rising atmospheric CO2 is expected to have negative effects on the global environment from its role in climate change and ocean acidification. Utilizing CO2 as a feedstock to make valuable chemicals is potentially more desirable than sequestration. A substantial reduction of CO2 levels requires a large‐scale CO2 catalytic conversion process, which in turn requires the discovery of low‐cost catalysts. Results from the current study demonstrate the feasibility of using the non‐precious metal material molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) as an active and selective catalyst for CO2 conversion by H2.
Providing informational support in an online discussion group and a Q&A site: The case of travel planning
Authors: Savolainen Reijo
Published: May 2014

This study examines the ways in which informational support based on user‐generated content is provided for the needs of leisure‐related travel planning in an online discussion group and a Q&A site. Attention is paid to the grounds by which the participants bolster the informational support. The findings draw on the analysis of 200 threads of a Finnish online discussion group and a Yahoo! Answers Q&A (question and answer) forum. Three main types of informational support were identified: providing factual information, providing advice, and providing personal opinion. The grounds used in the answers varied across the types of informational support. While providing factual information, the most popular ground was description of the attributes of an entity. In the context of providing advice, reference to external sources of information was employed most frequently. Finally, although providing personal opinions, the participants most often bolstered their views by articulating positive or negative evaluations of an entity. Overall, regarding the grounds, there were more similarities than differences between the discussion group and the Q&A site.
Identifying ISI‐indexed articles by their lexical usage: A text analysis approach
Authors: Moohebat Mohammadreza , Raj Ram Gopal , Kareem Sameem Binti Abdul , Thorleuchter Dirk
Published: May 2014

This research creates an architecture for investigating the existence of probable lexical divergences between articles, categorized as Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and non‐ISI, and consequently, if such a difference is discovered, to propose the best available classification method. Based on a collection of ISI‐ and non‐ISI‐indexed articles in the areas of business and computer science, three classification models are trained. A sensitivity analysis is applied to demonstrate the impact of words in different syntactical forms on the classification decision. The results demonstrate that the lexical domains of ISI and non‐ISI articles are distinguishable by machine learning techniques. Our findings indicate that the support vector machine identifies ISI‐indexed articles in both disciplines with higher precision than do the Naïve Bayesian and K‐Nearest Neighbors techniques.
Adding a Functional Handle to Nature′s Building Blocks: The Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Zhang Yinfeng , Farrants Helen , Li Xuechen
Published: May 2014

β‐Hydroxy‐α‐amino acids are not only used by synthetic chemists but are also found in natural products, many of which show anti‐microbial or anti‐cancer properties. Over the past 30 years, chemists have searched for many asymmetric routes to these useful building blocks. Initial attempts to synthesize these compounds utilized chiral auxiliaries and the reactions of glycine equivalents with aldehydes to form two stereocenters in one step. Other methods with the formation of specific intermediates or that were aimed at a specific amino acid have also been investigated. Asymmetric hydrogenation by dynamic kinetic resolution has emerged as a high‐yielding method for the synthesis of an array of modified amino acids with good stereoselectivity. More recently, amino‐acid functionalization and multicomponent reactions have increased the atom economy and simplified many long and difficult routes. In this Focus Review, many of the elegant syntheses of these compounds are explored. The applications of β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids in natural‐product synthesis are also mentioned.
Human motion retrieval based on freehand sketch
Authors: Tang Zhangpeng , Xiao Jun , Feng Yinfu , Yang Xiaosong , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we present an integrated framework of human motion retrieval based on freehand sketch. With some simple rules, the user can acquire a desired motion by sketching several key postures. To retrieve efficiently and accurately by sketch, the 3D postures are projected onto several 2D planes. The limb direction feature is proposed to represent the input sketch and the projected‐postures. Furthermore, a novel index structure based on k‐d tree is constructed to index the motions in the database, which speeds up the retrieval process. With our posture‐by‐posture retrieval algorithm, a continuous motion can be got directly or generated by using a pre‐computed graph structure. What's more, our system provides an intuitive user interface. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. © 2014 The Authors. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warfarin‐associated fetal intracranial subdural hematoma: a case report
Authors: Fujiwara Kana , Aoki Shigeru , Kurasawa Kentaro , Okuda Mika , Takahashi Tsuneo , Hirahara Fumiki
Published: May 2014

Key Clinical Message

We present a case in which to of fetal subdural hematoma developing despite that the maternal the prothrombin time by international normalized ratio (PT/INR) during pregnancy was within the normal range.
A Convergent Strategy for the Synthesis of Type‐1 Elongated Mucin Cores 1–3 and the Corresponding Glycopeptides
Authors: Pett Christian , Westerlind Ulrika
Published: May 2014

Mucins are a class of highly O‐glycosylated proteins found on the surface of cells in epithelial tissues. O‐Glycosylation is crucial for the functionality of mucins and changes therein can have severe consequences for an organism. With that in mind, the elucidation of interactions of carbohydrate binding proteins with mucins, whether in morbidly altered or unaltered conditions, continue to shed light on mechanisms involved in diseases like chronic inflammations and cancer. Despite the known importance of type‐1 and type‐2 elongated mucin cores 1–4 in glycobiology, the corresponding type‐1 structures are much less well studied. Here, the first chemical synthesis of extended mucin type‐1 O‐glycan core 1–3 amino acid structures based on a convergent approach is presented. By utilizing differentiation in acceptor reactivity, shared early stage Tn‐ and T‐acceptor intermediates were elongated with a common type‐1 [β‐D‐Gal‐1,3‐β‐D‐GlcNAc] disaccharide, which allows for straightforward preparation of diverse glycosylated amino acids carrying the type‐1 mucin core 1–3 saccharides. The obtained glycosylated 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)‐protected amino acid building blocks were employed in synthesis of type‐1 mucin glycopeptides, which are useful in biological applications.
Genetic Diversity, Ecotype Hybrid, and Mixture of Invasive Spartina alterniflora Loisel in Coastal China
Authors: Xia Lu , Zhao Hui , Yang Wen , An Shuqing
Published: May 2014

Spartina alterniflora, a native species at the east coast of North America, is currently the focus of increasing management concern due to its rapid expansion in coastal China. To better understand the plant traits associated with the success of invasion, we examined the genetic variation and the possible existence and distribution of ecotype hybrids and ecotype mixtures of the species in China. We collected and analyzed 144 samples from seven populations throughout coastal China (21.6°–38.6°N; 109.7°–121.8°E) using amplified fragment length polymorphisms markers. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of S. alterniflora in China was low, with a percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) = 23.24%, heterozygosity (HE) = 0.2979 and the average diversity within populations = 0.4427 at the population level, as well as PPB = 28.07%, HE = 0.3743 and the total diversity of the species = 0.5520 at the species level. The majority of the variation was found within rather than among populations, as estimated by Nei's genetic diversity (20.39%), Shannon's index (19.80%) and analysis of molecular variance (23.56%). Results of assignment show that both ecotype hybrids and ecotype mixtures exist in coastal China, especially in southern populations. Therefore, the species’ success in coastal China may be attributable largely to the coexistence of various ecotype hybrids and ecotype mixtures resulting from three independent introductions of the species’ three ecotypes from their native ranges coupled with increasing human disturbances in the region.
Risk of second primary tumors in men diagnosed with prostate cancer: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Davis Elizabeth J. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Yee Cecilia L. , Cooney Kathleen A.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

The survival of men diagnosed with prostate cancer has improved over time, and the current 10‐year relative survival rate is 99.7%. The long survival of patients with this common cancer raises questions about the risk of a second primary cancer and the need for continued surveillance.

METHODS

A population‐based cohort of 441,504 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1992 and 2010 was identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) data (SEER13). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated as an estimate of the risk of a second primary malignancy based on the incidence in the general population.

RESULTS

Prostate cancer survivors had a lower risk of being diagnosed with another cancer overall compared with the US population (SIR = 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.60‐0.61). The risks of leukemia and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, lung and bronchus, and larynx were significantly lower. Conversely, these patients had a greater risk of bladder, kidney, and endocrine and soft tissue cancers. Men who received treatment with radiation therapy (external‐beam radiation therapy) had long‐term increases in their risk of bladder cancer (SIR = 1.42) and rectal cancer (SIR = 1.70) risk compared with who did not receive radiation (SIRbladder = 0.76; SIRrectal = 0.74). There were significant racial differences in the risk of being diagnosed with a second primary cancer, and the magnitude and direction of these risks depended on tumor type.

CONCLUSIONS

Prostate cancer survivors remain at risk of subsequent malignancies, and race and treatment choice important determinants of long‐term risk. Cancer 2014;120:2735–2741. © 2014 American Cancer Society.