bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Community Participation in the Environmental Management of Used Battery Smelting Activities
Authors: Sodikin Sodikin , Permana Divia Rekha
Published: November 2023

Article 70 of Law Number 32 of 2009 provides concrete directions, instructions and forms of community participation in environmental protection and management. The participation includes forms of efforts that can be done by the community so that they can participate in protecting and managing their environment. The manifestation of such participation can be in the form of social supervision, giving advice, opinions, proposals, objections, complaints, submitting information and reports. The manifestation of community participation in the Cinangka village is related to the smelting of used batteries which has the effect of environmental pollution which greatly disrupts the life of the Cinangka village community in various ways as directed in Article 70 of Law Number 32 Year 2009. The form of participation was carried out with the submission of complaints to the Village Government to the Bogor Regency Environmental Agency, demonstrations, deliberations with business actors for the use of smelting used batteries, conducting legal proceedings against business actors, and participating in the success of the Eco-Friendly Village program. Because the legal awareness of the community is still low which is influenced by low educational factors, so not all people participate in participating in environmental management.
The Legal Protection for Whistleblowers on Corruption Crimes in Indonesia
Authors: Sulastri Lusia
Published: November 2023

The crime of corruption, which is also classified as an extraordinary crime or referred to as an extraordinary crime, has characteristics and characteristics related to the power of a person holding a position in a government system, from the village government system to the central government system. Efforts to reveal criminal acts of corruption require the role of witnesses regarding these crimes who can be reported by the reporter. This research used literature study with the doctrinal approach. In addition, this study also examines the ideal legal protection for whistleblowers for corruption. The results of the study show that legal protection for whistleblowers for criminal acts of corruption is not running well, as evidenced by the determination of the status of the suspect Nurhayati for Corruption Crimes in Cirebon Regency. This happens because there is no common perception of the position of the Whistleblower on Corruption Crimes as a subject protected by law between the police and the Prosecutor's Office. The ideal legal protection for whistleblowers for criminal acts of corruption is to build legal protection for whistleblowers that is integrated and obeyed by law enforcement officers. The provision of witness protection must of course start from law enforcement who is the spearhead of law enforcement, namely the police.
Выбор оптимальной основы пленок на основании изучения реологических свойств растворов полимеров и кинетических закономерностей высвобождения БАВ из пленок
Authors: Замахаева Е. , Олешко О. , Смирнова М. , Алексеева И.
Published: November 2023

Изучены вязкость растворов натрий карбоксиметилцеллюлозы, натрия альгината, пектина яблочного, пектина цитрусового, желатина, агар-агара в концентрациях от 2 до 6 % и органолептические свойства полученных на их основе пленок плацебо. Выбраны 6 составов с оптимальными значениями вязкости поливочных растворов и органолептическими свойствами пленок. Изучена скорость высвобождения БАВ из пленок с применением кондуктометрического метода. Объектами исследований являлись полимерные матрицы на 3 % растворе натрий карбоксиметилцеллюлозы, 3,5 % растворе натрия альгината, 3 % растворе пектина яблочного, 3,5 % растворе пектина цитрусового, 3,5 % растворе желатина и 2 % растворе агар-агара. Значения констант скорости релиза пленки на основе натрий карбоксиметилцеллюлозы могут быть использованы для получения пленок с быстрым фармакологическим эффектом.
Conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas e acadêmicos de Odontologia sobre publicidade e propaganda odontológica
Authors: Custodio Leticia Regina Alfaia , Brasil Judson Nascimento , Almeida Dino Lopes de , Castro-Espicalsky Talita Lima de
Published: November 2023

A publicidade e a propaganda em Odontologia são ferramentas importantes para o mercado de trabalho, tendo em vista a quantidade de profissionais existentes no setor e a disputa por espaço profissional. Porém, para uma publicidade ética e adequada, são de grande relevância o conhecimento e a aplicação dos princípios existentes no Código de Ética Odontológico (CEO) e nas resoluções atuais sobre o assunto. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção e o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas e acadêmicos de Odontologia de Porto Velho, estado de Rondônia, sobre os aspectos éticos e legais relacionados com publicidade e propaganda em Odontologia, de acordo com as normas atuais. Para realização do estudo observacional descritivo, foi aplicado um questionário com 25 questões sobre o tema a cirurgiões-dentistas e acadêmicos de Odontologia matriculados no sétimo ou no oitavo período de instituições de ensino superior do munícipio de Porto Velho, Rondônia. A amostra foi constituída por 151 indivíduos, dos quais 69 eram cirurgiões-dentistas e 82 acadêmicos de Odontologia. O presente estudo permitiu identificar as principais dúvidas dos acadêmicos e dos profissionais de Odontologia que participaram da pesquisa, evidenciando a falta de esclarecimento sobre alguns pontos do tema, além de ressaltar a importância do conhecimento das diretrizes éticas profissionais do CEO.
Peer Relationships and Chinese Adolescents’ Academic Achievement: Selection and Influence
Authors: Shen Mengqian , French Doran C.
Published: November 2023

This study applied Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis to disentangle friendship selection and influence regarding the academic achievement of Chinese adolescents in a 3-year longitudinal study of 880 middle school students (400 girls, Year 1 mean age = 13.33) and 525 high school students (284 girls, mean age = 16.45). Both peer selection and influence effects were obtained. Chinese adolescents preferred friendships with similarly achieving or higher achieving peers but avoided friendships with lower achieving peers. They increased achievement when they befriended high-achieving peers but decreased achievement when they befriended low-achieving peers. Influence but not selection was stronger for middle school students than for high school students. The results may be a function of the importance of academic success for Chinese students.
KONSEP PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI PADA MASA DINASTI UMMAYAH
Authors: Mu'minah Siti
Published: November 2023

Pemikiran ekonomi pada masa Bani Umayyah berangkat dari kebijakan-kebijakan ekonomi yang di ambil pada masa pemerintahan setiap Khalifah di masanya
Unleashing Data Dynamics: A Strategic Approach to Data Analytics, Big Data, and Data Science in the Realm of International Business and Financial Services
Authors: blessing elisha
Published: November 2023

In the contemporary landscape of international business and financial services, the transformative potential of data analytics, big data, and data science is increasingly evident. This abstract provides a glimpse into the comprehensive exploration of a strategic approach to leveraging data dynamics in this dynamic domain.The study delves into the multifaceted dimensions of data, examining its role as a critical asset in decision-making processes within international business and financial services. It investigates the intersection of data analytics, big data, and data science, aiming to unravel their collective impact on organizational strategies, operational efficiency, and competitive advantage.The research framework incorporates an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities posed by the integration of data-driven technologies. It explores the significance of harnessing vast datasets for predictive modeling, risk management, customer insights, and innovation. Furthermore, the study evaluates the ethical considerations surrounding data usage in the context of international business and financial services, emphasizing the need for responsible and transparent practices.The strategic approach outlined in this research focuses on developing a cohesive framework that integrates data analytics, big data, and data science into the core fabric of organizations operating in the international business and financial services sectors. It examines how such integration can enhance decision-making agility, foster innovation, and facilitate adaptive strategies in response to rapidly evolving global markets.Case studies and real-world examples will be employed to illustrate successful implementations of data dynamics in international business and financial services, highlighting best practices and lessons learned. The study aims to provide practical insights and actionable recommendations for industry leaders, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the data-driven landscape with resilience and foresight.Ultimately, "Unleashing Data Dynamics" aspires to contribute to the evolving discourse on the strategic use of data in international business and financial services, offering a roadmap for organizations to harness the full potential of data analytics, big data, and data science in shaping a sustainable and competitive future.
Sustainable Business in Business Plan: Beautycare Industry Perspective
Authors: Suwondo Arini
Published: November 2023

catatan terkait sustainability beauty product.
KONSEP PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI PADA MASA DINASTI ABBASIYAH
Authors: Mu'minah Siti
Published: November 2023

Salah satu masa keemasan Islam yakni pada masa daulah abbasiyah dan pusat perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan pada masa tersebut
The beauty industry and biodiversity: “The Story of Kindness”
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Yen Nguyen Thi Quynh , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: November 2023

Today, many people have realized that the climate change and biodiversity loss issues lie in how and to what extent humans consume products for their lives in the Anthropocene era. Consumerism has pushed natural resource exploitation to its peak, and the depletion of resources is becoming increasingly prevalent. The beauty and personal care industry has a large market and high profits, especially in the high-income segment. However, this advantage also carries the risk of facing scrutiny, investigations, and criticism from civil society organizations, environmental activists, and consumers. More than anyone else, the industry is vulnerable to the perils of unfavourable societal assessments, particularly the repercussions of consumer-led boycott actions. In this discourse, we suggest that, given the current circumstances, it is imperative for multinational beauty corporations to take a proactive role in allocating resources towards the development of sustainable agriculture practices. This entails not only advocating for the widespread adoption of environmentally conscious production methods but also dedicating efforts towards conducting research and innovation in the area of nature-friendly manufacturing techniques. Doing so will help demonstrate their commitment to the environment and actively provide convincing evidence to consumers of their social responsibility through emission reduction and biodiversity conservation activities.
Empowering the Future: A Case Study on Vietnamese Gen Z Women in Private Sector Growth
Authors: Jhonson Danny
Published: November 2023

Empowering the Future: A Case Study on Vietnamese Gen Z Women in Private Sector Growth
Use of the time-based experience sampling method in older adults: a systematic review of studies between 2007-2022 and recommendations for future research
Authors: Appel Judith Elisabeth , Vanhollebeke Jelena , Dezutter Jessie , Dewitte Laura
Published: November 2023

Older adults represent an increasing proportion of the world’s population and are an important target group for psychological research. The experience sampling method (ESM) has the potential to generate unique insights into the daily lives of older adults, but its application also brings challenges. We provide a systematic review of studies applying time-based ESM (tb-ESM) with participants of 65 years and older in their natural environment, focusing on the studies’ specific (1) (sub)populations and contexts, (2) tb-ESM designs, and (3) rate of study adherence. We searched Medline, Web of Science, Cinahl, Psychology Database, and OSF preprints for eligible reports published from 2007 onwards. After screening 549 records, 54 reports on 31 unique studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The majority of studies sampled healthy community-dwelling older adults and applied semi-randomized signal schedules. Mobile assessments were much more common compared to an earlier review with studies published before 2007 and could be implemented successfully. Recommendations for future tb-ESM studies in older adults are made regarding training and follow-up, custom signal modalities and schedules, and adapted response recording methods. Future aging tb-ESM studies should be mindful about the inclusion of more diverse samples and the evaluation of participant adherence and burden.
MENYONGSONG LANGIT DAN BUMI YANG BARU
Authors: HARAHAP RAMLI
Published: November 2023

Kini kita tiba pada Minggu “Akhir Tahun Gerejawi” (Ujung Taon Parhuriaon) dan sekaligus “Parningotan di angka nadung monding” (Mengenang Orang yang Sudah Meninggal). Sebagai minggu akhir penutup kalender gerejawi, tentu kita masing-masing perlu merenung ulang (flasback) perjalanan kehidupan selama satu tahun kalender gerejawi ini. Kita boleh mengevaluasi kinerja pelayanan dan keuangan Gereja selama setahun. Kita boleh melihat capaian yang telah kita lakukan dan program yang tidak bisa kita selesaikan. Kita juga belajar dari kegagalan dan meningkatkan keberhasilan kita menuju pelayanan yang lebih baik tentunya ke tahun Baru Pelayanan Gerejawi yang akan datang.
International Occupational Performance Symposium 2023: Summary, Take-Home Messages, and Future Directions
Authors: Vine Christopher , Needham-Beck Sarah
Published: November 2023

In the lead up to the Sixth International Congress on Soldier Physical Performance, held at ExCel London, the Occupational Performance Research Group hosted the International Occupational Performance Symposium at the University of Chichester. Sixty-one delegates from the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Sweden, and Singapore attended the symposium; with 17 research groups delivering presentations. The research group presentations demonstrated the breadth of research being conducted within occupational performance research settings whilst highlighting similarities in research priorities. Input and discussion at the symposia provided collective insight into three key areas of occupational research; feedback of research findings; translation of research findings; and future research directions.
Navigating the Digital Frontier: A Comprehensive Exploration of Data Analytics, Big Data, Data Science, and Their Impact on International Business and Financial Services
Authors: blessing elisha
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive exploration titled "Navigating the Digital Frontier" delves into the transformative forces of data analytics, big data, and data science, examining their profound impact on international business and financial services. The digital frontier, characterized by constant innovation and evolution, presents a dynamic landscape where organizations must strategically employ these technologies to thrive. From the foundational definitions and historical context to the real-world applications and case studies, the exploration unfolds the synergies and interplay among data-driven approaches.The study emphasizes the collective impact of data analytics, big data, and data science on decision-making processes, operational efficiency, and strategic growth in a global context. Through case studies, it illustrates how leading international businesses leverage these technologies for market expansion, supply chain optimization, and customer-centric approaches. In financial services, the integration of data-driven strategies revolutionizes risk management, fraud detection, and the delivery of personalized financial services.Examining the global implications, the exploration addresses economic transformation, the competitive landscape, and the potential for cross-border collaboration facilitated by data-driven methodologies. It also navigates the challenges and ethical considerations surrounding data privacy, bias, and regulatory compliance on an international scale.Looking toward the future, the exploration predicts emerging trends in data analytics, big data, and data science, as well as the integration of technologies like blockchain, 5G, and quantum computing in international business and financial services. It provides strategic considerations for staying ahead in the evolving digital landscape, emphasizing adaptability, ethical AI, and global collaboration.In conclusion, "Navigating the Digital Frontier" underscores the pivotal role of data-driven strategies in reshaping industries globally. It serves as a call to action for organizations to embrace these technologies, navigate the complexities of the digital frontier, and position themselves at the forefront of innovation in the digital era.
Assessing Diversity Dimensions in Environmental Psychology: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Landmann Helen , Kachel Sven , Kommerscheidt Laura , Lange Florian , Richter Isabell
Published: November 2023

Representing diversity is a ubiquitous challenge in environmental psychology: Many researchers aim to describe the diversity of their samples by collecting characteristics such as gender, age, and socioeconomic status, and the (lack of) diversity of participants is often discussed when dealing with the generalizability of environmental psychology findings (e.g., for different ethnic groups). Some standard instruments for measuring sociodemographic characteristics can be problematic because they are based on outdated concepts (e.g., a two-gender system) and are inappropriate for accurately capturing participant heterogeneity. To address this issue, we compare and extend existing approaches for the operationalization of sociodemographic characteristics and provide recommendations for capturing and documenting diversity in environmental psychology in particular. In addition, we discuss measures of specific diversity dimensions (migration/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender and sexual orientation) and provide recommendations for assessing them in general. Thereby, we aim to promote the use of more inclusive measures to assess sociodemographic characteristics and to stimulate an enriching discussion about representing diversity dimensions in environmental psychology.
Visual processing by hierarchical and dynamic multiplexing
Authors: Bonnefond Mathilde , Jensen Ole , Clausner Tommy
Published: November 2023

The complexity of natural environments requires highly flexible mechanisms for adaptive processing. Furthermore, the processing of single and multiple stimuli is strongly context and goal dependent. The large repertoire of frequencies and waveforms of what is commonly referred to as neuronal oscillations could be an ideal candidate for implementing such flexibility in neural systems. Here we present a framework in which highly dynamic multiplexing and phase coding schemes underlie and structure the attention-guided processing of complex visual scenes. Importantly, we suggest that the dynamic fluctuations of excitability vary rapidly in terms of magnitude, frequency and wave-form over time, i.e. they are not necessarily sustained oscillations. We propose that different elements of a single object should be processed within a single cycle (or burst) of alpha band activity (7-14Hz). This allows for the formation of coherent object representations while simultaneously separating multiple objects across multiple alpha cycles. Each element (e.g. the eyes or ears of the object cat) would still be processed separately in time - expressed as different gamma band bursts (> 30Hz) - along the alpha phase. Since the processing capacity per alpha cycle is limited, an inverse relationship between object resolution and size of attentional spotlight ensures independence of the proposed mechanism from absolute object complexity. The specific frequency and wave-shape of the respective fluctuations involved would depend on the nature of the object that is processed and on cognitive demands. Additionally, we suggest that the processing of multiple objects would further be organized along the phase of flexible slower fluctuations (e.g. delta or theta). Alternatively, saccades could drive the reset of this slow fluctuations. Complex scene processing and exploration, involving covert attention and eye movements, would therefore be associated with multiple frequency changes, both in the alpha and lower frequency range. This framework therefore embraces the idea of a hierarchical organization of visual scene processing, independent of the temporal dynamics of the environment.
CardioPRINT: Biometric identification based on the individual characteristics derived from the cardiogram
Authors: Tanasković Ilija , Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Knezevic Goran , Milosavljevic Nikola , Dubljević Olga , Bjegojevic Bojana , Miljković Nadica
Published: November 2023

Objective: This paper investigates the potential of cardiogram-derived traits from electrocardiogram (ECG) and impedance cardiogram (ICG) for biometric identification. Additionally, the influence of induced emotions on cardiogram attributes and their impact on identification accuracy is explored.Method: We compare 7 machine learning classifiers using a dataset gathered from 202 individuals to identify the highest-performing classifiers. Subsequently, we analyze three different feature sets employing (ECG-only, ICG-only, and both ECG and ICG). Additionally, we investigate the performance of classifiers under altered emotional states to assess classifiers’ robustness.Results: The analysis demonstrates that models employed with both ECG and ICG have the highest statistically significant accuracies. The best-performing Random Forest (RF) model using both ECG and ICG achieves an average accuracy of 97.2%. All models reveal a decrease in classification accuracies (~13%) when not trained and tested under identical emotional conditions.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that integration of ECG and ICG-based features could increase the accuracy of identification compared to a single-signal-based approach. Although certain models show slight robustness to altered emotional states, the effect of the emotion is evident and future selection of cardiogram-based features, as well as biometric models, should consider emotional responses.
Exposure Traced in Daily Life: Improvements in Ecologically Assessed Social and Physical Activity following Exposure-Based CBT for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Heinig Ingmar , Weiß Martin , Hamm Alfons O. , Hein Grit , Hollandt Maike , Hoyer Jürgen , Kanske Philipp , Richter Jan , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Pittig Andre
Published: November 2023

Background. Although exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders has frequently been proven effective, only few studies examined whether it improves everyday behavioral outcomes such as social and physical activity.Methods. 126 participants (85 patients with panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, or specific phobias, and 41 controls without mental disorders) completed smartphone-based ambulatory ratings (activities, social interactions, mood, physical symptoms) and motion sensor-based indices of physical activity (steps, time spent moving, metabolic activity) at baseline, during, and after exposure-based treatment.Results. Prior to treatment, patients showed reduced mood and physical activity relative to healthy controls. Over the course of therapy, mood ratings, interactions with strangers and indices of physical activity improved, while reported physical symptoms decreased. Overall results did not differ between patients with primary panic disorder/agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder. Higher depression scores at baseline were associated with larger changes in reported symptoms and mood ratings, but smaller changes in physical activity.Conclusions. Exposure-based treatment initiates increased physical activity, more frequent interaction with strangers, and improvements in everyday mood. The current approach provides objective and fine-graded process and outcome measures that may help to further improve treatments and possibly reduce relapse.
Investigating Factors Behind Student Silence in the Presence of Learner-centered Instruction
Authors: Egitim Soyhan
Published: November 2023

The present research aims to investigate potential factors behind student silence in oral communication activities when learner-centered instruction is employed. The existing literature indicates that Japanese students develop passive learning habits due to teacher-controlled educational approaches during their primary and secondary education. In recent years, the Ministry of Education has introduced a number of policies to promote communicative language teaching (CLT). Due to the increasing number of foreign language teachers, communicative language teaching and learner-centered instruction started to attract more attention in higher education institutions. The benefits of learner-centered instruction in oral participation are clearly indicated in the existing literature. However, silence is still commonly observed in Japanese university second language classrooms. Thus, the proposed study will attempt to understand English teachers’ view of potential factors behind student silence when learner-centered instruction is present and strategies to engage silent students in oral communication activities. For this purpose, a series of face-to-face interviews will be held with university English language teachers from different backgrounds. Findings may lead to heightened awareness of the phenomenon among language professionals at Japanese universities and thus, more effective strategies to enhance active participation.
The neurophysiological correlates of cognitive conflict associated with moral judgment of accidental harm transgressions: an event-related potentials study
Authors: Schwartz Flora , El-Yagoubi Radouane , Cayron Julie , Paubel Pierre-Vincent , Trémolière Bastien
Published: November 2023

Judging someone who harmed another has been proposed to rely on distinct cognitive processes that evaluate the victim’s outcome and the intention to harm. When harm is accidental, cognitive tension may arise in judges because considerations about the victim’s harm may conflict with the examination of the perpetrator’s innocent intention. The goal of the present study was to characterize at the neural level the cognitive conflict that may be triggered by moral judgment of accidental harm. To this aim, we used electro-encephalography (EEG) while participants completed a lexical judgment task embedded in a moral judgment task. This manipulation was designed to trigger event-related potentials typically associated with conflict detection, namely the N400 component thought to originate from the anterior cingulate cortex. Participants (N = 31) listened to short scenarios featuring either an accidental or an intentional moral transgression. Each scenario was followed by a conclusion (for example, “Jake harmed Dan intentionally”) whose last word was either congruent or incongruent with the moral scenario. Participants had to judge the semantic congruency of the conclusion and sometimes had to judge how much the perpetrator should be punished. While participants were longer to judge incongruent targets, we did not characterize the expected N400. However, we observed a posterior P300 which was moderated by congruency and intention. The congruency effect on the P300 was larger for accidental relative to intentional harm scenarios, in line with the idea that processing accidental harm may require more cognitive resources to overcome a cognitive conflict between the intent-based and outcome-based processes.
Exploring the Nuances of Reduction in Conversational Speech: Lexicalized and Non Lexicalized Reductions
Authors: Bodur Kübra , Fredouille Corinne , Rauzy Stéphane , Meunier Christine
Published: November 2023

In spoken language, a significant proportion of words are produced with missing or underspecified phonetic forms, a process known as phonetic reduction. We have established two different types of reduction for studying reductions in spontaneous speech: lexicalized and nonlexicalized reductions. Lexicalized reductions are regularly encountered in daily language, produced by nearly all speakers, and are related to the lexicon while the non lexicalized reductions are not driven only by the lexicon, occurring at specific points of speech withoutregular reduction patterns. Instead, this type of reduction is influenced by various linguistic and conversational factors. Previously existing methods are not sufficient in detecting all potential reduction s produced in the speech flow. In this study, we propose a novel bottomup approach for identifying reduction prone areas in acorpus of conversations in French, in addition to a manual top down detection based on the known reduced forms. Our novel approach involves the development of a script that automatically detects sequences containing at least 6 phonemes in a 230ms window indicating temporal reduction, allowing the detection of both the lexicalized and non lexicalized sequences.Manually verified extracted sequences were analyzed for the distribution and frequency of reductions, speaker characteristics, as well as the words and phonemes constituting these reduced sequences. Overall, our findings revealed significant variability in terms of reduction frequency and speaker performance, depending on the reduction type, thereby validating thedistinction we established between the two types of reductions. Furthermore, the characteristics of the words and the phonemes present in these sequences were found to influence their likelihood of being reduced.
Az iskolai kortárs egészségnevelői tevékenység lehetséges szerepe az orvosképzésben
Authors: Árva Dorottya , Cseh Annamária , Jeney Anna , Diána Dunai , Major David , Zörgő Szilvia
Published: November 2023

Introduction Lack of skills, commitment, and poor health behavior are barriers to physicians providing lifestyle counseling. We aimed to explore the role of doing school-based peer health education during training in overcoming these barriers. We studied educators of the Balassagyarmat Health Education Program (BEP) to investigate what experiences they had gained that are useful for medical practice, how committed they had become to health education, and whether their health behavior had changed. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with those medical student peer educators of BEP (n=9) who had mastered all topics of the program. Our data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Our deductive codes were defined by the research questions, and responses to these were inductively coded and aggregated along the questions. Results Participants cited improvements in patient education, motivation, and partnership building as useful for the practice. Their commitment strengthened and they voluntarily and successfully conducted health education in their communities and with their patients following the program. They reported changes in their behavior in terms of more conscious alcohol use and diet and increased physical activity. Conclusions The health education activity helped peer educators develop medical skills and commitment to health education and positive health behavior change; thus, we recommend its integration into medical education.
MacBehaviour: An R package for behavioural experimentation on large language models
Authors: Duan Xufeng , Li Shixuan , Cai Zhenguang Garry
Published: November 2023

There has been increasing interest in investigating the behaviours of large language models (LLMs) and LLM-powered chatbots. This paper presents the development of an R package called "MacBehaviour" that aims to streamline the experimental process when interfacing with LLMs for behavioural research. "MacBehaviour" offers a user-friendly package for conducting behavioural experimentation and for norming experimental stimuli with LLMs in the R environment. The package provides a suite of functions tailored for experiments on LLMs, including the design of experiment, the presentation of stimuli, and the manipulation of model behaviour. The package interfaces with APIs of an array of LLMs, including those from OpenAI's GPT series, Llama-2-chat-hf series in Hugging Face, and open-source models. Overall, "MacBehaviour" serves as a valuable resource for researchers, offering a user-friendly interface and comprehensive tools to streamline the experimental process and advance the study of machine behavior within the field of psychology.
Exploring Resilience with Families: National Report for Belgium
Authors: Uzunalioglu Merve
Published: November 2023

This report presents the analysis of the primary research conducted in Belgium for Work Package 4 (WP4) of the rEUsilience project. The report’s underpinning evidence was obtained through six focus groups conducted with 45 members of families in different parts of Belgium in March and June 2023. The research provides profound insights into the challenges facing families and how they seek to overcome these challenges. The increased cost of living was felt deeply by all participants. However, the adverse effects were disproportionately experienced by families on low income, families with migration backgrounds and lone-parent families. Limited financial capacities when combined with inadequate support systems led to mental pressures. The case of lone-parent families and their difficulties were pronounced across different groups. Feeling 'othered' became evident in lone migrant parents' narratives. The social protection system was perceived as complex with eligibility rules difficult to comprehend. Participating in the labour force through paid work was perceived as the key solution to generating income, supporting their families and easing the difficulties in making ends meet. However, this was particularly challenging for those who had young children. The mismatch between school hours and employment schedules was repeatedly mentioned across groups. Despite the desire and motivation the structure was not enabling these participants to start generating income by paid work. Despite the difficulties, people remained creative and applied a series of solutions to make ends meet. Budgeting and monitoring discounts in supermarkets were among the key practices. Memberships in poverty-focused associations provided them with a network of support. A critical tone was voiced towards the politicians and the current state of affairs in the country. Civil society organisations were prominent actors facilitating cohesion and support for those who are in need. Mirroring their needs, the desired policy changes they mentioned concerned enhanced childcare services and wider public transport networks, especially for those who were residing in remote areas.
Fossil-washing? The fossil fuel investment of ESG funds
Authors: Naef Alain
Published: November 2023

Regulators are starting to question what it means for an investment vehicle to be labelled ESG (Environmental, social, and corporate governance). Also, retail climate-conscious investors have a right to have clear information on their investments. Here I analysed all the large equity Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) labelled as ESG available at the two largest investors in the world: Blackrock and Vanguard. For Blackrock, out of 82 funds analysed, only 9% did not invest in fossil fuel companies. Blackrock ESG funds include investments in Saudi Aramco, Gazprom or Shell. But they exclude ExxonMobil or BP. This suggests a best-in-class approach by the fund manager, picking only certain fossil fuel companies that they see as generating less harm. But it is unclear what the criteria used are. For Vanguard, funds listed as ESG did not contain fossil fuel investment. Yet this needs to be nuanced as information provided by Vanguard on investments is less transparent and Vanguard offers fewer ESG funds.
Multinational Firms’ Responses to a Host Country Financial Crisis: The Case of Korea
Authors: Ryan Michael , Tanaka Ayumu
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis on Japanese multinational firms' foreign direct investment (FDI) in Korea. The study uses a comprehensive dataset of Japanese firms' foreign affiliates between 1990 and 2018 and analyzes the effects of the crisis and the subsequent reforms, including the removal of foreign ownership restrictions, on FDI stocks and ownership ratios. The paper employs state-of-the-art difference-in-differences (DiD) techniques, contrasting Japanese affiliates in Korea with their siblings in other developed countries. We find that while the crisis significantly increased the multinational ownership ratio of affiliates in Korea, it did not have a significant impact on FDI stocks. This suggests that the crisis and associated reforms were more likely to influence ownership structures than FDI levels and that policy changes can play a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of financial crises on FDI. The study also finds that the crisis had the largest impact on majority-owned affiliates in the middle range, implying that minority-owned affiliates and wholly-owned affiliates were less affected by the reforms.
Racial Exclusion by Bureaucratic Omission: Non-Enumeration, Documentary Dispossession, and the Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar
Authors: Cheong Amanda R.
Published: November 2023

This article traces the bureaucratic bases of the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar, which is being tried by the International Court of Justice for the charge of genocide. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Rohingya activists to elucidate the political struggles and competing archival logics surrounding their disenfranchisement and displacement. I explain a curious shift in the past decade in the Myanmar state’s approach to managing the Rohingya population, whereby longstanding strategies of legally-encoded racial exclusion have given way to 2 moves to withhold and contract the state’s administrative reach: 1) the non-enumeration of individual Rohingyas, and repudiation of the Rohingya category, in the 2014 census; and 2) the dispossession of the Rohingya of their identity documents leading up to the 2015 general elections. I offer and apply the concept of “bureaucratic omission” to reveal an alternative mode by which the state’s symbolic power can be accumulated and exercised. In the wake of new claims-making pressures from below during Myanmar’s short-lived democratic opening, state officials used bureaucratic omission to nullify the Rohingya’s claims for recognition as indigenous citizens by depriving them of the material evidence to support these claims. In response, Rohingya activists invoked this same epistemic power of documents, leveraging archival sources and documentary vestiges to build their own historical counternarratives of indigenous belonging. By protagonizing stateless Rohingyas in this study, I provide insight not only into top-down administrative efforts to un-make race, but also how minorities on the ground can contest these omissions.
The impact of cooperation under climate constraints: an Agent-Based Model for exploring Paleolithic behavioral adaptations in the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor
Authors: Coto-Sarmiento Maria , Namen Abay , Varis Aristeidis , Iovita Radu
Published: November 2023

Modern humans dispersed throughout the entire world during the Pleistocene, completing an important part of our evolutionary history. One of the most difficult territories to be colonized by humans was Central Asia, a region characterized by cold and arid climates and by stark geographic contrasts, such as high mountains flanked by deserts. Central Asia therefore offers an ideal context for testing hypotheses about the role of human behavior in dispersals under adverse conditions. We introduce here an evolutionary theoretical Agent-Based Model exploring the effect of cooperation on dispersal under different climate constraints in two study sub-regions, the Altai and Tian Shan Mountains. The model uses an evolutionary framework to test cooperation dilemmas within four theoretical climate scenarios. These are based on the average temperature during glacial and interglacial periods. We compare how extreme climate scenarios affect human cooperation depending on the regions and climates in which hominins are found. We show that: a) population size can significantly influence pressure on the group, such that a higher population implies more pressure to cooperate; b) cooperative behaviors are needed for survival in the harshest conditions and c) if the initial probability of non-cooperation is higher, then human groups will tend to be non-cooperative even if a cooperative subgroup pushes them to cooperate.Our results demonstrate that the degree of cooperation significantly impacts survival during periods of extreme climatic deterioration. This finding provides valuable insight into the settlement patterns of ancient civilizations, potentially shedding light on why Central Asia might have been settled later than some other regions in Asia.
Decision Change: The First Step to System Change
Authors: Bomans Arnold , Roessingh Peter
Published: November 2023

Global crises, such as climate change and ecological collapse, require changes in systemic factors that cause the crises. These factors include the economy, population growth, and decision-making in global affairs. Current decision-making processes have failed to accomplish the required system change, necessitating a change to these processes (‘decision change’) for meaningful progress. The key question is how a procedure for deciding on the required system change should be designed in this setting. In this article, we propose a three-step approach. First, independent experts in collective decision-making should design this procedure under monitoring by auxiliary bodies that safeguard the design process; second, proposals for system change should be collected; third, based on these proposals, system change should be designed and decided upon using the new decision-making procedure. We argue that authority can be given to the new decision-making body that decides on system change. A global team must convene the decision-making experts and auxiliary bodies, collect system-change proposals, and guarantee that the decision-making process is facilitated. We call on individuals and independent organisations to form such a team or support its formation.
PAES y el futuro de las pruebas para la admisión universitaria en Chile: ¿son suficientes los cambios para un sistema de admisión equitativo?
Authors: Araneda Sergio , Osses Alejandra , Chávez Claudia , de Padua Elisa , Gándara Fernanda
Published: November 2023

En el presente articulo examinamos críticamente la transición de la PSU a la PAES en el contexto de las admisiones universitarias en Chile. Investigamos si este cambio representa un paso hacia un sistema más equitativo de admisión. Analizamos cómo la PAES intenta superar las desigualdades inherentes a la PSU, centrándose en habilidades y conocimientos aplicables a un rango más amplio de estudiantes. A pesar de estos esfuerzos, destacamos las preocupaciones restantes sobre la capacidad de la PAES para mitigar efectivamente las desigualdades y su adecuación cultural. Concluimos que, aunque la PAES es un avance, aún enfrenta desafíos para ser un sistema integralmente justo y representativo de la diversidad de estudiantes en Chile.
Formulation of Disease Surveillance Policies in India
Authors: Abbas Syed Shahid
Published: November 2023

Disease surveillance in India progressed from the status of isolated pilot projects or being included with vertical disease control programmes towards a nation-wide integrated disease surveillance programme over the course of fifteen years from 2000-15. This studyexamines the process through which disease surveillance captured popular attention and attained the status of a national programme. I found that recent national surveillance programmes preceded by long list of overlapping state and national level experiments, conducted by a relatively small number of actors spread across the country. Most surveillance initiatives merged as a result of either a precipitating event and required the presence of one or more strong champions who could help develop a consensus about the need for such a programme and were able to maintain the political commitment required for sustaining such an initiative.The '‘evolution’ of disease surveillance policies not unidirectional; rather it is chaotic process influenced by multiple organizational interests’ at different levels and times. The advocates for differnt approches didn't necessarily have to be louder to be heard, but closer to the decision makers. A disempowered national technical leadership meant htat the other technial institutions such as international agencies were able to step in and influence the policy process. Interestingly, the pPower dynamics observed between international technical & donor agencies with national authorities were similar in many ways to those observed in the interaction between central/federal agencies with local state level authorities.
Hume on the Protestant Ethic and the Rise of English Commercial Spirit
Authors: Matson Erik W.
Published: November 2023

This paper interprets the interaction between Protestantism and commercial spirit in David Hume’s account of English development, mostly drawing from The History of England. Hume saw Protestant theology—especially the more enthusiastic strains of English Puritanism—as having fortuitously shifted the landscape of political and economic sensibilities in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by affecting believer’s political, social, and economic psychologies. Those shifting psychologies exhibited affinities with concurrent developments, especially the decline of feudalism, the rise of consumerism, and the creation of an independent middle class of merchants. The peculiar synergy between such changes and Protestant theological innovations led to the emergence of England, by the eighteenth century, as a polite and commercial people—a people for whom commerce became, Hume claimed, more honorable than in any other nation. Hume, like Max Weber, saw a distinctive Protestant spirit as having contributed to the modern commercial order.