bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kerala Mural Paintings: Diversification and Application in Home, Apparel and Accessories
Authors:   Students, M.Sc. Fashion Design & Merchandising, Department of Apparel & Fashion Design, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India., A S Akshaya , S Dhanashree , S Dharsana , R Dhivya , R Hema Sri , Adnan Mariyam ,   Assistant Professor (Selection Grade), Department of Apparel & Fashion Design, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Published: October 2021

A study on diversification of Kerala mural paintings was conducted by making different variety of products with different styles of design. Rather than confining Kerala murals on wall, nowadays several mediums are used to increase its aesthetic value and attract the potential customers. In this paper, the development of traditional and contemporary mural products is discussed. A survey was conducted first to know about the preferences of the potential customers on Kerala Mural products and products to be produced were selected according to this survey. Later, another survey was conducted to test the visual appearance and price range of the developed mural products. The study concludes by learning that people are showing interest in technological advancements in mural painting and its diversification for special purposes like social issues.
Research on emergency treatment technology for water pollution accidents where the pollutants are not included in the emergency database
Authors: Cheng Zhihui , Liu Ying , Lin Zhengjiang , Chen Junwen , Chen Yu
Published: October 2021

At present, emergency treatment methods are selected based on case or technical database, and it is limited to chemicals in pollution accidents covered by the database. Based on the existing emergency treatment technical database, this paper adds a new chemical characteristics database from the physicochemical properties of chemicals such as toxicity and solubility. Combining the weight of characteristic indexes calculated by the Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation method combined with the Entropy Weight (CRITIC-EW) method and Manhattan distance, a model is constructed to preliminarily select alternative technologies for a target pollutant. Then, Decision-Makers (DMs) can evaluate alternative technologies using the compound language combined comparative language based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) and single language. And alternative technologies are ranked by applying Technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The closest alternative technology is the most suitable. Taking Bisphenol A (BPA) pollution accident as an example, this method is verified. By analyzing physicochemical properties, forms, and uses between similar chemicals and BPA, as well as applicability of alternative technologies, the emergency treatment method proposed in this study is proved feasible.
Synthesis and characterization of arginine-doped heliotrope leaves with high clean-up capacity for crystal violet dye from aqueous media
Authors: Brini Lahoucine , Hsini Abdelghani , Naciri Yassine , Bouziani Asmae , Ajmal Zeeshan , H'Maida Khalihana , Boulahya Aziz , Arahou Mohamed , Bakiz Bahcine , Albourine Abdallah , Fekhaoui Mohammed
Published: October 2021

A novel arginine-modified Heliotrope leaf (Arg@HL) was used as adsorbent for the crystal violet (CV) dye adsorption in a batch process. The physicochemical and morphological composition of Arg@HL were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experiments were carried out to investigate the factors that influence the dye uptake by the adsorbent, such as the contact time under agitation, adsorbent amount, initial dye concentration, temperature and pH of dye solution. The optimum conditions of adsorption were found on the batch scale as followed: CV concentration of 20 mg·L−1, an amount of 0.75 g·L−1 of the adsorbent, 90 min contact time, 6 pH and 25 °C temperature for Arg@HL. The results confirmed a second-order model explaining the dye crystal violet's adsorption's kinetics by Arg-Heliotrope leaves. The Langmuir model effectively defines the adsorption isotherms. The results revealed that the Arg@HL has the potential to be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of CV dye from aqueous solutions.
The role of the international criminal court in the implementation of the international humanitarian law: An applied study
Authors:   Department of Law, Collage Business Administration, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia, Alwheebe Etesam Alabd S.
Published: October 2021

This study seeks to clarify the importance of the International Criminal Court as a criminal mechanism in the application of international humanitarian law, and its effectiveness in limiting violations of this law by punishing the perpetrators of these violations as a permanent court, as well as its role in laying the foundations for international criminal justice. It has become necessary to clarify the importance of the Court and its effective role in the application of international humanitarian law, due to the presence of massive and brutal violations of human rights during armed conflicts as well as under the belligerent occupation. Previous legal studies dealt with the issue of the implementation of international humanitarian law, but it is accepted that they focused on the historical aspect of the emergence of international humanitarian law, and they focused on the theoretical aspect of the issue of mechanisms for implementing international humanitarian law more than the practical aspect and therefore did not adequately address the criminal mechanism represented in The establishment of the International Criminal Court and this is the basis on which our study is based. The previous studies lacked the application that enriches any study in this field. This is what we emphasized in our study and given the importance of the topic of the role of the International Criminal Court in the implementation of international humanitarian law and also considering the recentness of some mechanisms for the implementation of international humanitarian law, the studies that dealt with this topic remain insufficient, and many aspects of the study on this topic are still an area for research and study One of these aspects that have not been adequately researched and specifically the criminal mechanism for the implementation of international humanitarian law represented in the International Criminal Court, and this study comes to enrich the practical aspect of the implementation of international humanitarian law.
Técnicas Constructivas de la Arquitectura Moderna en México (1920 - 1950)
Authors: Montes-Ponce Wendy Margarita , López-Altamirano Otniel Josaft , Ortega-del-Valle Carlos A.
Published: October 2021

La Arquitectura en el México del Siglo XX estuvo provista de sistemas constructivos europeos y norteamericanos, heredados del quehacer decimonónico. Por tal motivo, el propósito del estudio expone el impacto de esos modelos edificatorios en los procedimientos de cimentación, reforzamiento estructural, cubiertas, servicios y cambio de escala. Así, pues, el método analítico condujo a relaciones específicas con base en las innovaciones constructivas, de composición estilística y patrones de funcionalidad. De manera que la aplicación de teorías y técnicas sobre Arquitectura, y su divulgación en revistas especializadas, formularon en un marco de treinta años el ambiente arquitectónico y urbano del modernismo mexicano.
Screening Before We Know: Radical Uncertainties in Expanded Prenatal Genetics
Authors:   Department of Sociology, University of California, San Diego, United States, Navon Daniel , Thomas Gareth ,   School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Published: October 2021

In this article, we discuss the radical uncertainties unleashed by expanded prenatal genetics. We show how we are now routinely screening fetuses in the absence of two essential sorts of information. At the population level, we do not have sound, unbiased data about the prevalence, penetrance, and clinical variability of most mutations. At the level of the proband, it is often too soon to discern relevant information about the fetus’ phenotype. First, we outline the longstanding ethical objections to newborn screening for poorly understood genetic anomalies and disorders, and explain how it limits our understanding of their penetrance and variability. Next, we contrast the strong restrictions and regulations around newborn screening with the more laissez-faire framework for prenatal screening, using the rollout of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as the timeliest and most illuminating example. We show how new conditions are added to NIPT kits based on technological feasibility and profit motive, leading to widespread prenatal screening for incompletely understood genetic disorders. Finally, we explore the myriad dilemmas that ‘screening before we know’ creates for counsellors, caregivers, and prospective parents in the age of non-invasive prenatal genetic screening, and argue for an approach that openly embraces the radical uncertainties we face.
Methods to Generate Innovative Research Ideas and Improve Patient and Public Involvement in Modern Epidemiological Research: Review, Patient Viewpoint, and Guidelines for Implementation of a Digital Cohort Study
Authors: Aguayo Gloria A , Goetzinger Catherine , Scibilia Renza , Fischer Aurélie , Seuring Till , Tran Viet-Thi , Ravaud Philippe , Bereczky Tamás , Huiart Laetitia , Fagherazzi Guy
Published: October 2021

Background

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research aims to increase the quality and relevance of research by incorporating the perspective of those ultimately affected by the research. Despite these potential benefits, PPI is rarely included in epidemiology protocols.

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of methods used for PPI and offer practical recommendations for its efficient implementation in epidemiological research.

Methods

We conducted a review on PPI methods. We mirrored it with a patient advocate’s viewpoint about PPI. We then identified key steps to optimize PPI in epidemiological research based on our review and the viewpoint of the patient advocate, taking into account the identification of barriers to, and facilitators of, PPI. From these, we provided practical recommendations to launch a patient-centered cohort study. We used the implementation of a new digital cohort study as an exemplary use case.

Results

We analyzed data from 97 studies, of which 58 (60%) were performed in the United Kingdom. The most common methods were workshops (47/97, 48%); surveys (33/97, 34%); meetings, events, or conferences (28/97, 29%); focus groups (25/97, 26%); interviews (23/97, 24%); consensus techniques (8/97, 8%); James Lind Alliance consensus technique (7/97, 7%); social media analysis (6/97, 6%); and experience-based co-design (3/97, 3%). The viewpoint of a patient advocate showed a strong interest in participating in research. The most usual PPI modalities were research ideas (60/97, 62%), co-design (42/97, 43%), defining priorities (31/97, 32%), and participation in data analysis (25/97, 26%). We identified 9 general recommendations and 32 key PPI-related steps that can serve as guidelines to increase the relevance of epidemiological studies.

Conclusions

PPI is a project within a project that contributes to improving knowledge and increasing the relevance of research. PPI methods are mainly used for idea generation. On the basis of our review and case study, we recommend that PPI be included at an early stage and throughout the research cycle and that methods be combined for generation of new ideas. For e-cohorts, the use of digital tools is essential to scale up PPI. We encourage investigators to rely on our practical recommendations to extend PPI in future epidemiological studies.
Willingness of Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men to Use Smartphone-Based Electronic Readers for HIV Self-testing: Web-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Marley Gifty , Fu Gengfeng , Zhang Ye , Li Jianjun , Tucker Joseph D , Tang Weiming , Yu Rongbin
Published: October 2021

Background

The need for strategies to encourage user-initiated reporting of results after HIV self-testing (HIVST) persists. Smartphone-based electronic readers (SERs) have been shown capable of reading diagnostics results accurately in point-of-care diagnostics and could bridge the current gaps between HIVST and linkage to care.

Objective

Our study aimed to assess the willingness of Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Jiangsu province to use an SER for HIVST through a web-based cross-sectional study.

Methods

From February to April 2020, we conducted a convenience web-based survey among Chinese MSM by using a pretested structured questionnaire. Survey items were adapted from previous HIVST feasibility studies and modified as required. Prior to answering reader-related questions, participants watched a video showcasing a prototype SER. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and multivariable logistic regression. P values less than .05 were deemed statistically significant.

Results

Of 692 participants, 369 (53.3%) were aged 26-40 years, 456 (65.9%) had ever self-tested for HIV, and 493 (71.2%) were willing to use an SER for HIVST. Approximately 98% (483/493) of the willing participants, 85.3% (459/538) of ever self-tested and never self-tested, and 40% (46/115) of unwilling participants reported that SERs would increase their HIVST frequency. Engaging in unprotected anal intercourse with regular partners compared to consistently using condoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.04, 95% CI 1.19-7.74) increased the odds of willingness to use an SER for HIVST. Participants who had ever considered HIVST at home with a partner right before sex compared to those who had not (AOR 2.99, 95% CI 1.13-7.90) were also more willing to use an SER for HIVST. Playing receptive roles during anal intercourse compared to playing insertive roles (AOR 0.05, 95% CI 0.02-0.14) was associated with decreased odds of being willing to use an SER for HIVST. The majority of the participants (447/608, 73.5%) preferred to purchase readers from local Centers of Disease Control and Prevention offices and 51.2% (311/608) of the participants were willing to pay less than US $4.70 for a reader device.

Conclusions

The majority of the Chinese MSM, especially those with high sexual risk behaviors, were willing to use an SER for HIVST. Many MSM were also willing to self-test more frequently for HIV with an SER. Further research is needed to ascertain the diagnostic and real-time data-capturing capacity of prototype SERs during HIVST.
Statin Use and COVID-19 Infectivity and Severity in South Korea: Two Population-Based Nationwide Cohort Studies (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Seung Won , Kim So Young , Moon Sung Yong , Yoo In Kyung , Yoo Eun-Gyong , Eom Gwang Hyeon , Kim Jae-Min , Shin Jae Il , Jeong Myung Ho , Yang Jee Myung , Yon Dong Keon
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Basic studies suggest that statins as add-on therapy may benefit patients with COVID-19; however, real-world evidence of such a beneficial association is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated differences in SARS-CoV-2 test positivity and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (composite endpoint: admission to intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death) between statin users and nonusers.

METHODS

Two independent population-based cohorts were analyzed, and we investigated the differences in SARS-CoV-2 test positivity and severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19, such as admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death, between statin users and nonusers. One group comprised an unmatched cohort of 214,207 patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing from the Global Research Collaboration Project (GRCP)-COVID cohort, and the other group comprised an unmatched cohort of 74,866 patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-COVID cohort.

RESULTS

The GRCP-COVID cohort with propensity score matching had 29,701 statin users and 29,701 matched nonusers. The SARS-CoV-2 test positivity rate was not associated with statin use (statin users, 2.82% [837/29,701]; nonusers, 2.65% [787/29,701]; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.97; 95% CI 0.88-1.07). Among patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the GRCP-COVID cohort, 804 were statin users and 1573 were matched nonusers. Statin users were associated with a decreased likelihood of severe clinical outcomes (statin users, 3.98% [32/804]; nonusers, 5.40% [85/1573]; aRR 0.62; 95% CI 0.41-0.91) and length of hospital stay (statin users, 23.8 days; nonusers, 26.3 days; adjusted mean difference –2.87; 95% CI –5.68 to –0.93) than nonusers. The results of the NHIS-COVID cohort were similar to the primary results of the GRCP-COVID cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that prior statin use is related to a decreased risk of worsening clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and length of hospital stay but not to that of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Multipurpose Mobile Apps for Mental Health in Chinese App Stores: Content Analysis and Quality Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Xiaoqian , Xu Lin , Li PengFei , Tang TingTing , Huang Cheng
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Mental disorders impose varying degrees of burden on patients and their surroundings. However, people are reluctant to take the initiative to seek mental health services because of the uneven distribution of resources and stigmatization. Thus, mobile apps are considered an effective way to eliminate these obstacles and improve mental health awareness.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the quality, function, privacy measures, and evidence-based and professional background of multipurpose mental health apps in Chinese commercial app stores.

METHODS

A systematic search was conducted on iOS and Android platforms in China to identify multipurpose mental health apps. Two independent reviewers evaluated the identified mobile apps using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Each app was downloaded, and the general characteristics, privacy and security measures, development background, and functional characteristics of each app were evaluated.

RESULTS

A total of 40 apps were analyzed, of which 35 (87.5%) were developed by companies and 33 (82.5%) provided links to access the privacy policy; 21 (52.5%) apps did not mention the involvement of relevant professionals or the guidance of a scientific basis in the app development process. The main built-in functions of these apps include psychological education (38/40, 95%), self-assessment (34/40, 85%), and counseling (33/40, 82.5%). The overall quality average MARS score of the 40 apps was 3.54 (SD 0.39), and the total score was between 2.96 and 4.30. The total MARS score was significantly positively correlated with the scores of each subscale (r=0.62-0.88, P<.001). However, the user score of the app market was not significantly correlated with the total MARS score (r=0.17, P=.33).

CONCLUSIONS

The quality of multipurpose mental health apps in China’s main app market is generally good. However, health professionals are less involved in the development of these apps, and the privacy protection policy of the apps also needs to be described in more detail. This study provides a reference for the development of multipurpose mental health apps.
Predicting Emerging Themes in Rapidly Expanding COVID-19 Literature with Unsupervised Word Embeddings and Machine Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Pal Ridam , Chopra Harshita , Awasthi Raghav , Bandhey Harsh , Nagori Aditya , Sethi Tavpritesh
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Evidence from peer-reviewed literature is the cornerstone for designing responses to global threats such as COVID-19. In the massive and rapidly growing corpuses such as the COVID-19 publications, assimilating and synthesizing information is challenging. Leveraging a robust computational pipeline that evaluates multiple aspects such as network topological features, communities and their temporal trends can make this process more efficient.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to show that new knowledge can be captured and tracked using the temporal change in the underlying unsupervised word embeddings of literature. Further imminent themes can be predicted using machine learning upon the evolving associations between words.

METHODS

Frequently occurring medical entities were extracted from the abstracts of more than 150,000 COVID-19 articles published on the WHO database, collected on a monthly interval starting from February 2020. Word embeddings trained on each month's literature were used to construct networks of entities with cosine similarities as edge weights. Topological features of the subsequent month’s network were forecasted based on prior patterns and new links were predicted using supervised machine learning. Community detection and alluvial diagrams were used to track biomedical themes that evolved over the months.

RESULTS

We found that thromboembolic complications were detected as an emerging theme as early as August 2020. A shift towards symptoms of Long COVID complications was observed during March 2021 and neurological complications gained significance in June 2021. A prospective validation of the link prediction models achieved an AUROC score of 0.87. Predictive modeling revealed predisposing conditions, symptoms, cross-infection and neurological complications as a dominant research theme in COVID-19 publications based on patterns observed in previous months.

CONCLUSIONS

Machine learning-based prediction of emerging links can contribute towards steering research by capturing themes represented by groups of medical entities, based on patterns of semantic relationships over time.

CLINICALTRIAL
La ciudad de Toluca durante la guerra y Consumación de la Independencia
Authors: Iracheta Cenecorta María del Pilar
Published: October 2021

Este artículo aborda la historia de Toluca durante la guerra y la consumación de la Independencia con base en la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo experi-mentó la sociedad de una ciudad provincial como Toluca el movimiento de 1808, la guerra civil y los flagelos como el hambre, las epidemias y los pagos exigidos por los dos bandos contendientes? Para contestarla es utilizada la perspectiva de la historia social. Finalmente, destaca el establecimiento del primer ayuntamiento constitucio-nal, extinguido en 1814 y restablecido en 1820, que se constituye como el organismo representativo de los toluqueños.
Analysis of Normative Orders in International Mediation: Lessons learned from the Colombian Peace Process
Authors: Pscherer Darius
Published: October 2021

The following paper summarizes the findings of a bachelor thesis that analysed the role of normative orders in international mediation by examining the norms applied during the Colombian peace process. The objective of the investigation is defined by the research question, which lessons-learnt can be derived from the Havana Process for the categorization of normative orders in international peace mediation? For answering that question the author analyses the norms and principles applied during the Colombian peace process and thereby, shows the potential to enhance existing scientific models and log-frames for the analysis of norms in peace mediation. The paper provides a new model for classifying normative frameworks by integrating the stage of negotiation as another classifying dimension. Therefore, the model is called “Process-Oriented Model for Categorizing Norms in International Mediation”. The research is built upon a qualitative research conducted in the Colombian cities Medellin and Bogota, where the author held interviews with scientific researchers, political decision-makers, and civil society organisations. The results of the research are complemented by a substantial review of existing academic literature about norms in international peace mediation and the Colombian peace process.
Tertiary education expansion and access for disadvantaged women in Brazil and Mexico
Authors: Rueda Barrios Adriana
Published: October 2021

This paper seeks to identify if women from vulnerable, socioeconomic and ethnic/racially, backgrounds have been benefited from this process through the Maximally Maintained Hypothesis developed by Raftery and Hout (1993), in which vulnerable or less advantageous groups can access education only after the demand of the most advantaged group has been met. Using data from the National Household Surveys from Brazil (PNAD) and Mexico (ENIGH) both countries were studied for the 2004 and 2014 periods in order to observe the changes occurring through time, with a focus on the women population. As a result, this study found two different dynamics of inclusion: while in Brazil higher socioeconomic inclusion has been attained, there is a persistent stratification by race in tertiary education with an underrepresentation of non-white participants. On the other hand, Mexico has advanced in terms of including the population that describes itself as indigenous or understands an indigenous language, nonetheless underrepresentation from those that speak an indigenous language persist and socioeconomic stratification remains a factor of exclusion.
A Newly Proposed Cloud Computing Based Strengthen Distributed Database System Model and Its Applications in Database Modelling
Authors: Thapliyal Shivankur
Published: October 2021

Abstract: In the modern era of today’s exceptional Information age, the day to day transactions of huge sensitive data sets, which is in the form of PBs (Peta-Bytes) 250 bytes and YBs (Yotta – Bytes) 280 bytes are drastically increases with enormous speed on CLOUD data storage environment. CLOUDs data storage environment are one of the most superior and reliable platform for storing a large sets of data both at enterprise level or local level. Because CLOUD provides online data fetching capability to restore or fetching data at any geographical locations through login their correspondent credentials. But to enhancement or spread of these large data sets are becomes also very complex with respect to maintenance of these data with take concern of consistency and data security, because to maintain these large data sets with full of consistency and integrity are really a very typical and rational tasks, so here In this paper we proposed a distributed database management systems for CLOUD interface also preserves or to take concern data security features with full restoration of CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability or Authenticity) trade of Information Security. Here we also improvised the mechanisms of traditional distributed database management systems because the tendency to preserves information and recover ability after any misconceptions happens that we restore data which belongs to similar person may have to be stored at different locations, but this newly proposed distributed database systems architecture contains all information or record which belong to similar person are stored in one database rather restore it different databases but the location of these data have to be changes mean while that the content or data which resides in one databases have to be moved to some other database and also preserves the security features, and this model also have capability to run older traditional methodology based distributed database management systems using this model. So the detailed description about these models and communication infrastructure among different CLOUDs are append in the upcoming sections of this paper. Keywords: Cloud based Distributed Database system model, Distributed system, Distributed Database model of CLOUD, Cloud Distributed Database, CLOUD based database systems
Are Asian Markets and Developed Markets Interlinked? An Application of Causality Approaches
Authors: Dixit Dr. Archana
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This paper examined the relationship between the stock market returns for three Asian countries and three developed countries. It Investigate two way causality among exchange rate, inflation rate, GDP, with stock returns of the sample countries. This paper examines long term and short term co movement of stock indices of stock market. To check the stationary this study apply unit root test, OLS test and found that data is stationary. This study used ADF test with and without intercept till data become intercept till the data become stationary. The data series is stationary at i(1) and 2 difference and intercept level as presented in above tables. The P value of ADF test in India GDP value is 0.0006, India exchange rate is 0.0002, and Indian stock return is 0.0001 which are less than 5%. It means data series is stationary. Bangladesh exchange rate is 0.0004, inflation rate is 0.0001, stock returns 0.0004. Also predicting the value of ADF test equation the coefficient value ids negative in all cases suggesting that the model is fit.. To investigate the causality The Granger causality test was applied to check the causal relationship between the variables and found that hypothesis is not rejected so there is no causality between the variable.
Connectivity and Timing Assessment of Public Transport System in Diverse Scenario in an Urban City Using Geo-Spatial Techniques
Authors: Verma Arpit
Published: October 2021

Abstract: In modern context the connectivity of transport system is very important and necessary in an urban and smart city. Due to more population and more vehicles in an urban city, it is not very easy to travel from one location to another location in smooth manner. Availability of different kind of transport mediums like metro, buses, auto, ola, uber etc. helps in travelling within the city by covering different locations. Metro is considered as the primarily best and easy medium for travelling with least congestion and stoppage points. After metro, bus and auto are the secondary public transport medium having frequently used by public on daily basis. Other private transit modes are also available like Ola, Uber and Rapido, who charge according to the travel length, journey time and availability of their service in that area. But if we compare all of them in terms of availability, reliability, speed and smoothness, metro is taken as best and safe way to travel without any hesitation. The connectivity of Lucknow city which is the capital of Uttar Pradesh, India, is having good connectivity in terms of metro and bus medium. But beside metro, due to lack of infrastructure and good management it is sometimes difficult to move from one part of the city to another part by other public transport system. This study will assess the different parameters of public transport system and it will provide the correlation between them. Keywords: Connectivity, Reliability, Infrastructure, Smart City, Smoothness, Transport System.
Effect of Skew Angles on Longitudinal Girder and Deck Slab of Prestressed Concrete T Beam Girder Bridges
Authors: Hanchate Ms. Ashwini
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The present paper shows the effects of varying skew angles on pre-stressed concrete (PSC) bridges using finite elemental method. Studies are carried out on PSC bridge decks to understand the influence of skew angle and loading on behaviour of bridges. The results of skewed bridges are compared with straight bridges for IRC Class AA Tracked loading. Also, a comparative analysis of the response of skewed PSC Slab Bridge decks with that of equivalent straight bridge decks is made. The variation of maximum longitudinal bending moment (BM), maximum transverse moment, maximum torsional moment, and maximum longitudinal stresses deflection at obtuse corner, acute corner with skew angles are studied for bridge deck. It is found that Live load longitudinal bending moments decreases with an increase in skew angle, whereas a maximum transverse moment and maximum torsional moment increases with an increase in skew angle. The benefit of pre-stressing is reflected in considerable decrease in the longitudinal bending moment, transverse moment and longitudinal stresses. The models are analysed with the help of software CSI-Bridge V 20 Version. Keywords: Skew angle effect, Longitudinal moment, Transverse moment, CSI- Bridge software, Deck slab, Finite element method.
The Role of Computers for Language
Authors: Mishra Dr. Rudra Prasad
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The computer has even become the man’s beating heart (pacemaker), is busy diagnosing diseases by sailing like a boat in the river of blood flowing through the arteries, it has no substitute in simplifying complex surgeries. Why only surgery, computer has always been ahead in providing simple solutions to any complex problems of human beings. To work with the computer, it is necessary to understand and speak in the language of computers; otherwise, the computer remains inactive. Electricity is used to activate it. Based on electric current and electrical barrier, the binary language of the computer is formed, which is given the value of 1 and 0 respectively of natural language i.e. human language. Hence, 0 and 1 are those links that connect man to the computer. Keyword: Heart (pacemaker), complex surgeries, Computer, Electricity, natural language, binary language
Сlostridium difficile Infection in a COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Timofeeva A. A. , Shulpekova Yu. O. , Nechaev V. M. , Skhirtladze M. R.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The clinical observation highlights plausible compound origins of diarrhoea, fever and neutrophilic leucocytosis in COVID-19 and the rationale to exclude Clostridium difficile infection in such patients.

Key points. A 57-yo female patient was admitted in May 2020 with the complaints of 39 °C fever, general weakness, polymyalgia, diarrhoea to 3–4 times a day (mushy stool, no morbid inclusions). Initial diarrhoea was non-severe and likely triggered by the coronavirus infection. A background antibiotic and putative-immunosuppressive therapy proceeded with watery diarrhoea to 7–8 times a day and C. difficile toxins A and B detected in stool. The C. difficile infection relapsed on day 10 of vancomycin withdrawal and associated with elevated body temperature, diarrhoea and neutrophil leucocytosis; signs of colitis determined in ultrasound and CT. Exacerbation was successfully treated in a repeated metronidazole-combined vancomycin course.

Conclusion. Patients with COVID-19 are at risk of clostridial colitis due to massive antibiotic, systemic glucocorticoid and biologics-based therapy they receive. The opportunistic bacterial infection of C. difficile often proceeds undetected due to its potential mirroring of COVID-19 presentation. A screening algorithm in COVID-19 patients with diarrhoea should imply steps for C. difficile detection.
DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME AND HOMICIDES: LIGHT EFFECT IN CRIMES OF A BRAZILIAN STATE
Authors: Cortes Renan Xavier , Fochezatto Adelar , Jacinto Paulo De Andrade
Published: October 2021

Este artigo analisa o efeito do horário de verão (HV) sobre os crimes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (BR). Com o argumento de que o HV fornece “mais” horasde luz ao longo do dia, espera-se que o comportamento criminoso diminua na suaimplantação, uma vez que um ambiente mais claro pode dissuadir o potencial criminoso. Utilizando diversos modelos de regressão descontinuidade e um banco de dadosdiário de 2006 a 2014 do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do Datasus,os modelos foram estimados separadamente por ano, podendo incluir variáveis independentes de maior temperatura (como temperatura, precipitação e velocidade dovento) e efeitos fixos de dias da semana. Evidenciou-se que o HV não tem efeito significativo na mudança das taxas de homicídio por 100.000 habitantes, nem em seu início,nem em seu fim. Por outro lado, verificou-se que, em geral, há um forte efeito de fim desemana sobre a atividade criminosa e algumas evidências de que as taxas de homicídioestão relacionadas à temperatura.
UMA ANÁLISE DA EFICIÊNCIA NO MERCADO ACIONÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Goularte Thiago Cyfer , Silveira Rodrigo Lanna Franco da
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a existência de previsibilidade dos retornos de curto prazo no mercado de ações brasileiro entre 1995 e 2016. Avalia-se, ainda, arelação entre previsibilidade e variações da liquidez dos ativos, explorando-se, também,se o primeiro fator sofre influências de crises econômicas e do tamanho das empresasemissoras. Para isso, aplicam-se testes da hipótese de independência serial e análises deregressão. Conclui-se que inexiste previsibilidade permeando toda a série de retornos,exceto para portfólios de empresas menores. Contudo, há ocorrência não aleatória desubperíodos em que essa previsibilidade existe. Essa ocorrência está relacionada à crisedo subprime, mas não às flutuações da liquidez ou às recessões domésticas.
First case of concomitant cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in non-immunocompromised COVID 19 patient and ICU management strategy in Qatar with literature review.
Authors: Iqbal Phool , Arachchige Suresh Menik , Ali Yousra , Qamar Muhammad Sohaib , Jaouni Hani , Abdussalam Ahmed
Published: October 2021

COVID 19 has created one of the world’s worst pandemics and is
associated with various life-threatening complications, such as
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection. We present a life-threatening CMV
viremia co-infection in a none-immunocompromised COVID 19 patient to
highlight our management approach and a comprehensive literature review.
HBV - infection in children with perinatal infection. Clinical report of familial hepatitis B
Authors: Shilova I. V. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Goryacheva L. G. , Semenov A. V.
Published: October 2021

Hepatitis B, despite of being a controlled infection today, is one of the most common form of hepatitis in the world. According to the experts' evaluation there are about 3 million patients with chronic hepatitis B in our country. The global strategy of the World Health Organization includes the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030.

The program used in the North-West Federal District to eliminate acute hepatitis B has reduced the incidence rate due to the widespread vaccination coverage of children and the annual increase in adult immunization coverage.

However, the relevance of HBV-infection in children still remains high which is associated with a high infection by hepatitis B virus in women of childbearing age and the possibility of the transmission of the infection from mother to her child. In case of perinatal infection the formation of chronic hepatitis B in children reaches up to 90%. The natural course of chronic hepatitis B is characterized by a change in pathogenetically determined phases, and HBsAg-negative infection, which is a latent (occult) form of hepatitis, was added to them in 2009. Occult hepatitis B is an epidemiological danger, for the child as well, if the mother suffers from this form of chronic hepatitis B. Monitoring of pregnant women is often limited to identifying only HBsAg, which is not enough to detect occult hepatitis B. Lately diagnosed occult HBV-infection can become a source of the infection for the baby, especially in cases when due to some reasons there are disorders in hepatitis B vaccination schedule after birth. The article presents an interesting clinical case of family hepatitis B.
Caroli's disease (clinical observation)
Authors: Kuttykuzhanova G. G. , Tanirbergenova A. Zh. , Abdirazakova S. Zh. , Urikbaeva Z. Zh.
Published: October 2021

In their medical practice doctors deal with rare diseases which present difficulties in making a clinical diagnosis, in this case additional diagnostic methods are required. One of these diseases is Caroli's disease (syndrome), characterized by cystic enlargement of the intrahepatic bile ducts with frequent formation of intrahepatic stones. Taking into account the difficulties of early diagnosis, we present our own observation.
Viral spot exants in children
Authors: Ravodin R. A. , Rovnyi V. B. , Ermolaeva Yu. S.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the clinical manifestations of the most common viral infectious diseases in children, accompanied by spotty exanthema, provides brief data on the etiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of these infections, shows photographs for each of the described nosological forms from the authors' personal archives.
Comparative characteristics of human betaherpesviruses 6A and 6B. A modern view on the problem
Authors: Popkova M. I. , Utkin O. V. , Bryzgalova D. A.
Published: October 2021

This review is devoted to the comparative characteristics of human herpesvirus 6A (HHV6A) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV6B), taking into account their exogenous and endogenous (inherited chromosomally integrated) forms. The analysis of the literature data on the main interspecies differences and intraspecies features of these viruses in molecular-genetic, biological, epidemiological and clinical aspects has been consistently carried out. Modern views about HHV6A and HHV6B, including their unique inherited chromosomal-integrated form, are the basis for organizing a system of epidemiological surveillance of infections caused by these viruses, as well as developing standardized methodological approaches to differential diagnosis, treatment and specific prevention of a wide range of virus-associated diseases. The development of this direction requires a greater evidence base and intensification of joint efforts of the scientific and medical communities.
Diagnostic markers in the aspect of the development of HIV-encephalopathy in children
Authors: Saidkhodjaeva S. N. , Madjidova E. N. , Yuldashev K. Kh.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic markers in children with HIV —encephalopathy (HIVE) with varying degrees of severity.

Material and methods of research: The study included 260 children (153 boys — 58.85% and 107 girls —41.7%) with HIV-positive status and receiving antiretroviral therapy according to an individually selected scheme for at least 6 months. All children included in the study showed signs of HIV encephalopathy. The activity response was assessed by the concentration of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein, C3, C4 components of the complement (immunofelometric analysis).

Results: The study of the activity response in children with HIV encephalopathy found that the concentration of TNF —alpha and IL-6 were increased, compared, to the reference values (12.67±0.25 PG/ml and 23.04±0.64 PG/ml, respectively, with reference values of less than 8.1 PG/ml and 7pg/ml, respectively), and the concentration of IL-10 was reduced (5.93±0.10 PG/ml with a reference value of more than 9.1 PG/ml). The study analyzed the predictor significance of various parameters response in the aspect of the development of symptomatic HIV- encephalopathy. A comparative analysis of the concentration markers was performed, and the incidence of symptomatic HIV —encephalopathy was determined depending on the diagnostic concentration of the diagnostic marker. This finding is probably explained by the effector role of systemic inflammation in the development of damage to the Central nervous system.

Conclusion. The maximum predictor significance in the aspect of the development of symptomatic HIV -encephalopathy was found in proinflammatory cytokines: an increase in IL-6 concentration above 19.6 PG / ml is associated with an increase in the risk of developing symptomatic HIV encephalopathy by 9.14 times, and an increase in TNF -alpha concentration above 12.5 PG/ml by 4.07 times (p<0.001 for both factors).
Features of application of raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with different somatic pathologies
Authors: Sizova N. V. , Obizhaeva E. S. , Mayorova S. O.
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of raltegravir regimens in HIV-infected patients with concomitant pathology in real clinical practice.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was carried out of 277 outpatient records of HIV-infected patients who received raltegravir (RAL) as a third component both in patients without previous experience of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in patients with experience of treatment with various somatic pathologies. The main criterion for the effectiveness of the scheme was the proportion of patients with undetectable viral load at the start of the analysis. Additional criteria for evaluating the efficacy and safety of the regimen were the dynamics of the number of CD4-lymphocytes, the frequency and nature of undesirable side reactions.

Results. On average, patients with no experience of treatment and with experience of treatment received regimens with raltegravir for about 5 years. At the time of the study in 2020, 69.8% of patients on ART for the first time continued to take a regimen containing raltegravir. In this group, the proportion of patients with virological suppression (PCR of HIV RNA less than 50 kopecks / ml) was 97.7%. 75.2% of patients in the second group in 2020 continued to take the RAL regimen. The proportion of patients with virological suppression (VL less than 50 kopecks / ml) in this group was 97.5%. During the treatment, there was no discontinuation of the regimen in both groups due to undesirable side reactions to raltegravir.

Conclusion. The results of this study confirm that RAL-based regimens provide a high level of efficacy with a good tolerance and safety profile in routine clinical practice for both naive and experienced patients with various somatic pathologies.
Cervical Spondylosis Management through the Spactacles of Homoeopathy
Authors:   Assistant Prof. Department of Obs. & Gynae., R.B.T.S Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, Singh Shashi Bhushan , Prakash Ravi ,   Associate Prof. Department of Materia-Medica, R.B.T.S Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar
Published: October 2021

Cervical spondylosis is one of the commonly seen diseases nowadays. Neck pain, which usually arises from diseases of the cervical spine & soft tissues of the neck, is common. “SPONDYLO” is a Greek term, meaning “Vertebra” & spondylosis generally mean changes in the vertrbral joint characterized by increasing degeneration of the intervertebral disc with subsequent changes in the bones & soft tissue. The management of cervical spondylosis is very much effective with Homoeopathic medicine. This article stress upon the risk factor, pathophysiology, symptomatology, investigation in concise manner as well as emphasises how homoeopathy can manage in such cases by its holistic approach of treatment.
Gender, psycho-emotional impacts and experiences associated with COVID-19 in adults from Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Aguirre Gutierrez Bersabee , Contreras Tinoco Karla Alejandra
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 is a virus that not only affects physical health, but also impacts people's psycho-emotional health and daily life, altering family, work, relationship, educational and learning dynamics, among many others. Objetive: This study sought to determine gender differences in terms of psycho-emotional impacts and experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult population of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico. Method: A qualitative study was implemented, with theory based on the data, through semi-structured interviews (ten women and three men) and through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Results: It stands out that the experience related to COVID-19 has generated negative emotions, couple conflicts and discomfort associated with the inability to carry out recreational activities. In the case of women, their routines have been disrupted and they have had a greater demand for the care and attention of their children (in terms of carrying out schoolwork, time spent together, etc.). In contrast, men show greater concern about the difficulty of working from home. Conclusion: The pandemic has impacted men and women differently, in the face of this new reality it is essential to activate the support elements that facilitate the externalization of mobility limitations, changes in the rhythm of life, emotional impact and stressful elements that the experience of COVID-19 could generate in the population.