bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing and teaching job‐related social skills to adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Grob Carolyn M. , Lerman Dorothea C. , Langlinais Channing A. , Villante Natalie K.
Published: September 2018

Few studies have evaluated interventions to improve the job‐related social skills of adults with autism spectrum disorder. In this study, we examined the efficacy of a treatment package for teaching several social skills that are critical to job success, such as responding appropriately to feedback and asking for a task model from the supervisor. Three adults, aged 19 to 27 years, participated. Initial training of each skill consisted of verbal explanations, modeling, and role‐play with feedback, along with stimulus prompts to promote generalization to a different setting. The trainer introduced additional intervention components as needed. We also evaluated generalization across different social skills and evocative situations. Results indicated that the treatment package was generally effective in improving the targeted social skills, and that stimulus prompts may be necessary for generalization to a job setting. However, generalized responding across social skills rarely emerged. These findings have important implications for preparing individuals with autism to function successfully on the job.
Cause of and countermeasures for oxidation of the cysteine‐derived reagent used in the amino acid derivative reactivity assay
Authors: Fujita Masaharu , Yamamoto Yusuke , Watanabe Shinichi , Sugawara Tsunetsugu , Wakabayashi Koji , Tahara Yu , Horie Nobuyuki , Fujimoto Keiichi , Kusakari Kei , Kurokawa Yoshihiko , Kawakami Tsuyoshi , Kojima Kohichi , Kojima Hajime , Ono Atsushi , Katsuoka Yasuhiro , Tanabe Hideto , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Kasahara Toshihiko
Published: September 2018

The amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA) is an in chemico alternative to animal testing for skin sensitization that solves certain problems found in the use of the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA). During a recent validation study conducted at multiple laboratories as part of the process to include ADRA in an existing OECD test guideline, one of the nucleophilic reagents used in ADRA—N‐(2‐(1‐naphthyl)acetyl)‐l‐cysteine (NAC)—was found to be susceptible to oxidation in much the same manner that the cysteine peptide used in DPRA was. Owing to this, we undertook a study to clarify the cause of the promotion of NAC oxidation. In general, cysteine and other chemicals that have thiol groups are known to oxidize in the presence of even minute quantities of metal ions. When metal ions were added to the ADRA reaction solution, Cu2+ promoted NAC oxidation significantly. When 0.25 μm of EDTA was added in the presence of Cu2+, NAC oxidation was suppressed. Based on this, we predicted that the addition of EDTA to the NAC stock solution would suppress NAC oxidation. Next, we tested 82 chemicals used in developing ADRA to determine whether EDTA affects ADRA's ability to predict sensitization. The results showed that the addition of EDTA has virtually no effect on the reactivity of NAC with a test chemical, yielding an accuracy of 87% for predictions of skin sensitization, which was roughly the same as ADRA.
Gene mutation and pedigree analysis of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in a Uygur family of China
Authors: Li Long , Qin Yulan , Su Yajie , Jiang Haili , Rejiafu Nuerya , Li Mingzhu , Muhetaer Ayijiamali , Liu Yongqiao , Ren Yan
Published: September 2018

Background

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is caused by an enzyme deficiency involved in its synthetic or metabolic pathways. Clinical symptoms may include microcephaly, hypoevolutism, severe ataxia, and seizures. The purposes of this study are to analyze the genotype‐phenotype and the pedigree of the first case of BH4 deficiency in the Uygur of China.

Methods

(a) This patient received tandem mass spectrometry, urinary neopterin and biopterin analysis, and determination of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) activity in dried blood spots. (b) Blood DNA samples of this patient and her three family members were collected for gene sequencing and mutation analysis.

Results

(a) The basic urinary neopterin and biopterin were 1.07 mmol/mol Cr and 3.12 mmol/mol Cr, respectively, and biopterin percentage was 74.42%. The DHPR activity of this patient was 31.11% of normal control. (b) Sanger sequencing of PAH gene in this patient was negative but positive of her sister, which carries 2 heterozygous mutation c.781C>T and c.1238G>C. Next‐generation sequencing on the patient identified a homozygous mutation in the quinoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) gene at c.508G>A, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion

(a) The patient was the first case of clinical diagnosis of BH4 deficiency in the Uighur. And there are two types of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) in the same family. (b) The mild HPA patient with severe nervous system damage should pay more attention to the BH4 deficiency. (c) Using next‐generation sequencing technology can increase the mutation detection rate when the hereditary diseases are highly suspected in clinic.
Biotin interference in TSH, FT4, and FT3 assays based on the LOCI technology: Identifying interference by dilution
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Bourgeois Laverne
Published: September 2018

Background

Although biotin interferences in TSH, FT3, FT4, and other biotinylated antibody‐based assays manufactured by Roche Diagnostics have been well studied, there are relatively few reports on biotin interference in biotin‐based assays manufactured by other companies. We investigated biotin interferences in TSH, FT4, and FT3 assays based on the LOCI (luminescent oxygen channeling assay) technology using the Dimension Vista 1500 analyzer (Siemens).

Methods

We prepared four serum pools using leftover specimens. Three serum pools were prepared initially for the original study but the 4th pool was prepared three months later. The aliquots of serum pool one and two were supplemented with various amounts of biotin (50 ‐1200 ng/mL) followed by determination of TSH, FT4, and FT3 concentrations. The aliquots of third pool were also supplemented with biotin to investigate whether 1:3 dilution could identify biotin interference. Aliquots of serum pool four were supplemented with biotin in order to study reproducibility of our original data.

Results

We observed significantly elevated FT3 levels at biotin concentration of 100 ng/mL. In contrast, FT4 levels were falsely elevated but TSH levels were falsely decreased at a biotin level of 500 ng/mL. We also observed nonlinearity in dilution experiment.

Conclusions

We conclude that FT3 assay is most susceptible to biotin interference (threshold: 100 ng/mL) while the FT4 and TSH assays are less affected (threshold: 500 ng/mL). In addition, we also observed nonlinearity upon 1:3 dilution, which may indicate biotin interference (or interference from other compounds).
Optimization of 13C‐urea breath test threshold levels for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in a national referral laboratory
Authors: Perets Tsachi Tsadok , Gingold‐Belfer Rachel , Leibovitzh Haim , Itskoviz David , Schmilovitz‐Weiss Hemda , Snir Yifat , Dickman Ram , Dotan Iris , Levi Zohar , Boltin Doron
Published: September 2018

Background

Threshold values for 13C‐urea breath test (13C‐UBT) positivity may be affected by various sociodemographic, host, bacterial, and laboratory factors. Manufacturer recommended cutoffs for 13C‐UBT assays may not be applicable in all settings. Optimizing 13C‐UBT cutoffs may have profound public health ramifications. We aimed to determine the optimal threshold for 13C‐UBT positivity in our population.

Methods

Consecutive test samples collected at our central laboratory from patients undergoing a first‐time 13C‐UBT between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 were included. The difference between values at 30 minutes and at baseline (T30–T0) was expressed as delta over baseline (DOB). Cluster analysis was performed on the 13C‐UBT test results to determine the optimal cutoff point with minimal interclass variance.

Results

Two lakhs thirty four thousand eight hundred thirty one patients (87 291 (37.2%) male, age 39.9 ± 19.9) underwent a first‐time 13C‐UBT, including 124 701 (53.1%) negative and 110 130 (46.9%) positive tests, using the manufacturer‐recommended cutoff of 3.5 DOB. Cluster analysis determined an optimized cutoff of 2.74 DOB, representing an additional 2180 (0.93%) positive subjects who had been previously categorized as negative according to the manufacturer‐specified cutoff of 3.5 DOB. Mean positive and negative DOB values were 19.54 ± 14.95 and 0.66 ± 0.51, respectively. The cutoffs for male and female subjects were 2.23 and 3.05 DOB, respectively. Threshold values for <45‐year‐olds, 45‐60‐year‐olds and >60‐year‐olds were 2.67, 2.55, and 2.93 DOB, respectively. Of the 2180 (0.93%) patients with DOB 2.73‐3.49, 289 (13.3%) performed a subsequent 13C‐UBT and 140 (48.4%) remained positive when tested at 20.3 ± 14.4 months.

Conclusions

Major referral laboratories should optimize threshold values for 13C‐UBT positivity for their geographical location. Different cutoff values should be applied for male and female subjects.
Integrating clients’ religion and spirituality within psychotherapy: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Captari Laura E. , Hook Joshua N. , Hoyt William , Davis Don E. , McElroy‐Heltzel Stacey E. , Worthington Everett L.
Published: September 2018

Some religious or spiritual (R/S) clients seek psychotherapy that integrates R/S values, while others may be reticent to disclose R/S‐related aspects of struggles in a presumably secular setting. We meta‐analyzed 97 outcome studies (N = 7,181) examining the efficacy of tailoring treatment to patients’ R/S beliefs and values. We compared the effectiveness of R/S‐tailored psychotherapy with no‐treatment controls, alternate secular treatments, and additive secular treatments. R/S‐adapted psychotherapy resulted in greater improvement in clients’ psychological (g = 0.74, p < 0.000) and spiritual (g = 0.74, p < 0.000) functioning compared with no treatment and non R/S psychotherapies (psychological: g = 0.33, p < 0.001; spiritual: g = 0.43, p < 0.001). In more rigorous additive studies, R/S‐accommodated psychotherapies were equally effective to standard approaches in reducing psychological distress (g = 0.13, p = 0.258), but resulted in greater spiritual well‐being (g = 0.34, p < 0.000). We feature several clinical examples and conclude with evidence‐based therapeutic practices.
Toll‐like receptors signaling network in pre‐eclampsia: An updated review
Authors: Afkham Amir , Eghbal‐Fard Shadi , Heydarlou Hanieh , Azizi Ramyar , Aghebati‐Maleki Leili , Yousefi Mehdi
Published: September 2018

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune cells receptors. They are expressed on leukocytes, epithelial cells, and more particularly on placental immune cells and chorion trophoblast. Upregulation of innate immune response occurs during normal pregnancy, but its excessive activity is involved in the pathology of pregnancy complications including pregnancy‐induced hypertension and pre‐eclampsia (PE). The recent studies about the overmuch inflammatory responses and aberrant placentation are associated with increased expression of TLRs in PE patients. This review has tried to focus on the relationship between some activities of TLRs and the risk of preeclampsia development.
Towards validation of delay discounting in the pigeon
Authors: Holt Daniel D. , Wolf Matthew R. , Skytta Ryne D.
Published: September 2018

A series of procedures were conducted in an attempt to assess various forms of validity related to the use of pigeons in research on delay discounting. In separate experimental arrangements, pigeons pressed a treadle, pecked a lit key, pecked a darkened key, or pecked a lit key with a hold as the required response. First, the obtained results were consistent with what would be necessary if the construct of delay discounting were being measured, which provides evidence of face validity. Second, criterion validity was assessed by comparing individual differences in rates of discounting across procedures. Third, to assess internal validity, each pigeon repeated the Treadle, Key Peck, and Dark Key procedures. Again, at both the aggregate and individual levels, the obtained indifference points did not differ systematically between replications. Finally, to assess external validity, discounting was observed regardless of the procedure, where the patterns of data at the aggregate level, and generally at the individual level, were orderly and well described by a hyperbolic function. In addition, rates of discounting were similar when pigeons pecked a lit key, a dark key, or a key with a hold; and each of those rates of discounting tended to be steeper than when treadle pressing. Generally speaking, pigeons that discounted relatively steeply on one procedure also tended to discount relatively steeply on the other procedures. The procedures evidence some of the necessary elements involved with the use of pigeons in research on delay discounting.
Constitutive cardiomyocyte proliferation in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)
Authors: Jacyniak Kathy , Vickaryous Matthew K.
Published: September 2018

Although the contractile function of the heart is universally conserved, the organ itself varies in structure across species. This variation includes the number of ventricular chambers (one, two, or an incompletely divided chamber), the structure of the myocardial wall (compact or trabeculated), and the proliferative capacity of the resident cardiomyocytes. Whereas zebrafish are capable of comparatively high rates of constitutive cardiomyocyte proliferation, humans and rodents are not. However, for most species, the capacity to generate new cardiomyocytes under homeostatic conditions remains unclear. Here, we investigate cardiomyocyte proliferation in the lizard Eublepharis macularius, the leopard gecko. As for other lizards, the leopard gecko heart has a partially septated ventricular lumen with a trabeculated myocardial wall. To test our hypothesis that leopard gecko cardiomyocytes routinely proliferate, we performed 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation and immunostained for the mitotic marker phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3) and the DNA synthesis phase (S phase) marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Using double immunofluorescence, we co‐localized pHH3 or PCNA with the cardiomyocyte marker myosin heavy chain (MHC). We found that ~0.5% of cardiomyocytes were mitotically active (pHH3+/MHC+), while ~10% were in S phase (PCNA+/MHC+). We also determined that cell cycling by gecko cardiomyocytes is not impacted by caudal autotomy (tail loss), a dramatic form of self‐amputation. Finally, we show that populations of cardiac cells are slow cycling. Overall, our findings provide predictive evidence that geckos may be capable of spontaneous cardiac self‐repair and regeneration following a direct injury.
Advancing cell therapies for intervertebral disc regeneration from the lab to the clinic: Recommendations of the ORS spine section
Authors: Smith Lachlan J. , Silverman Lara , Sakai Daisuke , Le Maitre Christine L. , Mauck Robert L. , Malhotra Neil R. , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Buckley Conor T.
Published: September 2018

Intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly associated with chronic low back pain, a leading cause of disability worldwide. Current back pain treatment approaches (both surgical and conservative) are limited to addressing symptoms, not necessarily the root cause. Not surprisingly therefore, long‐term efficacy of most approaches is poor. Cell‐based disc regeneration strategies have shown promise in preclinical studies, and represent a relatively low‐risk, low‐cost, and durable therapeutic approach suitable for a potentially large patient population, thus making them attractive from both clinical and commercial standpoints. Despite such promise, no such therapies have been broadly adopted clinically. In this perspective we highlight primary obstacles and provide recommendations to help accelerate successful clinical translation of cell‐based disc regeneration therapies. The key areas addressed include: (a) Optimizing cell sources and delivery techniques; (b) Minimizing potential risks to patients; (c) Selecting physiologically and clinically relevant efficacy metrics; (d) Maximizing commercial potential; and (e) Recognizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaborations and engaging with clinicians from inception through to clinical trials.
2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose augments photodynamic therapy induced mitochondrial caspase‐independent apoptosis and energy‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Feng Xiaolan , Shi Yin , Xie Lifen , Zhang Kun , Wang Xiaobing , Liu Quanhong , Wang Pan
Published: September 2018

Objectives

Compared to normal cells, malignant cells have a high degree of aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect. Therefore, supplementing photodynamic therapy (PDT), an established cancer therapy, with metabolic inhibitors can augment the mitochondrial damage by depleting ATP. To assess the combined impact of the glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) and PDT on apoptosis and autophagy in human breast cancer cells, and examine the molecular basis.

Methods

Calcium‐AM/PI double staining was used to evaluate cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), nuclear morphology, and autophagosomes were measured using specific fluorescent markers. In addition, translocation of the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to nucleus was imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and DNA fragmentation was measured using PI staining and comet assay. PGC‐1α expression, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP levels, and autophagy related proteins were detected by qRT‐PCR, seahorse bioscience XFP extracellular flux analyzer, and Western blotting, respectively.

Results

Compared to with either monotherapy, 2‐DG+PDT resulted in significantly higher cytotoxicity in the three breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and 4T1), which was consistent with tumor growth regression trends seen in the 4T1 xenograft model. A synergistic augmentation of mitochondrial dysfunction (in terms of ROS generation, MMP loss, and PGC‐1α down‐regulation) and ATP depletion was seen in cells receiving 2‐DG and PDT. In addition, nuclear translocation of AIF and the subsequent DNA damage indicated that the cytotoxic effects were mediated by a caspase‐independent mechanism, which was relieved by the ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine. Autophagy via the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was also observed following 2‐DG+PDT, and reversed upon pre‐treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine.

Conclusions

The anti‐cancer effects of 2‐DG+PDT are mediated by both mitochondria triggered apoptosis and AMPK‐mediated autophagy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An AB2‐Type Supramolecular Hyperbranched Polymer Based on Pillar[5]arene Host–Guest Recognition: Construction and Its pH‐Responsiveness
Authors: Shao Li , Zhang Zhihua , Hua Bin
Published: September 2018

Supramolecular hyperbranched polymers not only possess the polymeric properties of hyperbranched polymers but also obtain additional stimuli‐responsiveness due to the dynamic properties of non‐covalent interactions. Herein, a novel supramolecular hyperbranched polymer constructed by an AB2‐type copillar[5]arene is reported. NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and viscosity experiments are utilized to characterize the self‐aggregate process of the AB2 monomers. Interestingly, the supramolecular hyperbranched polymer exhibits pH‐responsiveness. After protonation of the AB2 monomers by trifluoroacetic acid, the binding ability among the monomers becomes stronger, leading to the formation of supramolecular hyperbranched polymers with viscosity change. Additionally, although no conventional chromophores are doped, the supramolecular hyperbranched polymer shows a blue emission under irradiation. The fluorescence can be quenched upon addition of trifluoroacetic acid. This study enriches the field of supramolecular polymers with new building blocks and architectures and provided a new effective method for the fabrication of smart polymer materials with stimuli‐responsiveness and special functions.
miR‐34a/BCL‐2 signaling axis contributes to apoptosis in MPP+‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Shanesazzade Zahra , Peymani Maryam , Ghaedi Kamran , Nasr Esfahani Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2018

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly affects the elderly population of various societies. The main hallmark of this disease is the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. So far, numerous studies have implied the role of microRNAs in fine‐tuning cellular processes including apoptosis. Studies have also shown that miR‐34a is mainly involved in age‐related disorders including Alzheimer's disease, and its expression is usually higher in the brain sample patients. Furthermore, the key role of miR‐34a in the expression of BCL‐2, and thus, in vitro and in vivo apoptosis has been revealed. miR‐34a/BCL‐2 axis is therefore of critical importance in inducing or inhibiting apoptosis.

Methods

In this study, human SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with MPP+ and the expression of miR‐34a and BCL2 was assessed.

Results

Our results also showed that treating human SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells using MPP+ to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis led to the upregulation of miR‐34a, as compared to the nontreated control group. Moreover, evaluating the expression level of BCL‐2 in these cells indicated a contradictory pattern, as compared with miR‐34a. It was also revealed that the expression of BCL‐2 was significantly decreased in MPP+‐treated cells, thereby confirming previous studies regarding a new concept. In this study, we show that miR‐34a/BCL‐2 axis is directly correlated with oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells as a model of DA neurons.

Conclusion

miR‐34a and its target gene, BCL‐2, play a possible role in the induction of apoptosis in DA neurons, and therefore, they have a potential role in the pathogenesis of PD. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of miR‐34a could be considered in order to inhibit the progression of PD.
On some analytic properties of slice poly‐regular Hermite polynomials
Authors: El Hamyani Amal , Ghanmi Allal
Published: September 2018

We consider a quaternionic analogue of the univariate complex Hermite polynomials and study some of their analytic properties in some detail. We obtain their integral representation as well as the operational formulas of exponential and Burchnall types they obey. We show that they form an orthogonal basis of the slice Hilbert space
of all quaternionic‐valued functions defined the whole quaternions space and subject to norm boundedness with respect to the Gaussian measure on a given slice as well as of the full left quaternionic Hilbert space
of square integrable functions on quaternions with respect to the Gaussian measure on the whole
. We also provide different types of generating functions. Remarkable identities, including quadratic recurrence formulas of Nielsen type, are also derived.
Preconditioning trace coupled 3d‐1d systems using fractional Laplacian
Authors: Kuchta Miroslav , Mardal Kent‐Andre , Mortensen Mikael
Published: September 2018

Multiscale or multiphysics problems often involve coupling of partial differential equations posed on domains of different dimensionality. In this work, we consider a simplified model problem of a 3d‐1d coupling and the main objective is to construct algorithms that may utilize standard multilevel algorithms for the 3d domain, which has the dominating computational complexity. Preconditioning for a system of two elliptic problems posed, respectively, in a three‐dimensional domain and an embedded one dimensional curve and coupled by the trace constraint is discussed. Investigating numerically the properties of the well‐defined discrete trace operator, it is found that negative fractional Sobolev norms are suitable preconditioners for the Schur complement of the system. The norms are employed to construct a robust block diagonal preconditioner for the coupled problem.
Differential uptake of herpes zoster vaccination associated with socioeconomic status: A population‐based study in Stockholm County, Sweden
Authors: Fogelberg Sara , Lamb Favelle , Grönlund Olof , Eriksson Irene , Sundström Karin , Clements Mark , Arnheim‐Dahlström Lisen
Published: September 2018

Purpose

To investigate whether herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) was associated with socioeconomic status in Stockholm, when the vaccine was reimbursed in Sweden.

Methods

This was an observational retrospective case‐control study, using population‐based health care registers. During the study period, September 2013 to November 2014, the HZV was reimbursed as part of the National Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Sweden and recommended for individuals over 50 years. A case was any person, living in Stockholm County, who received HZV during the study period. For each case, 10 (unvaccinated) controls living in Stockholm County were selected and matched by age and sex. In total, 9099 cases and 89 736 controls were included. Socioeconomic variables investigated included education, income, immigration status, and marital status. We also investigated whether HZV was associated with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and/or previous herpes zoster diagnosis.

Results

Mean age at vaccination was 69.8 years, and 65.8% of vaccinees were women. There was a positive association between vaccination and higher education (OR = 3.4 (95% CI 3.0‐3.8) for men and OR = 2.8 (95% CI 2.6‐3.0) for women, respectively) in comparison to primary education. Higher income and being married were positively associated with vaccination, particularly for men, whereas being an immigrant was negatively associated. There was a negative association between a higher CCI score and HZV, indicating that healthier individuals were more likely to have been vaccinated.

Conclusions

Despite the vaccine being part of the National Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme, receipt of the HZV was significantly associated with socioeconomic factors.
Identification of a novel cytochrome P450 CYP3356A1 linked with insecticide detoxification in Bradysia odoriphaga
Authors: Chen Chengyu , Shan Tisheng , Liu Ying , Shi Xueyan , Gao Xiwu
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play an important role in the metabolic detoxification of insecticides in insect pests. However, little is known about the role of a specific P450 gene and its responses to insecticide exposure in Bradysia odoriphaga, a major pest in Chinese chive production.

RESULTS

In this study, a novel P450 gene, CYP3356A1, was cloned from Bradysia odoriphaga. The full‐length cDNA sequence of CYP3356A1 is 2153 bp and its open reading frame (ORF) encodes 508 amino acids. Quantitative real time PCR(qRT‐PCR) analyses in different tissues showed that CYP3356A1 expression was the highest in the Malpighian tubule. Moreover, among the different developmental stages of the insect, the highest expression of CYP3356A1 was found in fourth‐instar larvae. Expression of CYP3356A1 was upregulated by treatment with imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and β‐cypermethrin at median lethal concentrations (LC50). RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated silencing of CYP3356A1 significantly increased mortality by 36.90%, 25.17%, and 36.73 when fourth‐instar B. odoriphaga larvae were exposed to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and β‐cypermethrin, respectively, at the LC50 dose.

CONCLUSION

These results demonstrate that CYP3356A1 is related to the detoxification of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and β‐cypermethrin in B. odoriphaga. Moreover, the study also increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insecticide detoxification in this pest insect. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Phonon Dynamics at an Oxide Layer in Silicon: Heat Flow and Kapitza Resistance
Authors: Stanley Christopher M. , Estreicher Stefan K.
Published: September 2018

The interactions between heat flow and an oxide layer in Si are studied within two temperature windows using non‐equilibrium ab initio molecular‐dynamics (MD). The model system is a H‐saturated Si nanowire containing an amorphous SiOx layer. The nanowire is in a large 1‐D periodic box which prevents thermal contamination between image nanowires. The results show that the oxide acts as barrier to heat flow and substantially increases the time required for the system to reach thermal equilibrium. This effect is caused by the higher‐frequency vibrational modes in the oxide relative to Si, and is unrelated to the low thermal conductivity of SiOx. A new first‐principles method to calculate the Kapitza resistance of the interface directly from the MD data is proposed.
Distributed containment control for second‐order multiagent systems with time delay and intermittent communication
Authors: Wang Fuyong , Liu Zhongxin , Chen Zengqiang
Published: September 2018

This paper studies the containment control problem for second‐order multiagent systems with intermittent communications and time‐varying delays. Under the common assumption that each follower can only communicate with its neighbors over some disconnected time intervals, some distributed controllers are designed such that all the followers can converge to convex hull formed by the leaders. Firstly, a distributed intermittent control protocol without considering time delays is proposed for second‐order containment control with intermittent communications. Then, under delayed and intermittent communication, a kind of distributed containment control algorithm is derived for second‐order multiagent systems with time‐varying delays. Based on the Lyapunov function technology and the intermittent control method, some sufficient conditions are presented to guarantee that the second‐order multiagent systems can achieve intermittent containment control under fixed topology. As an extension, similar results are obtained for containment control under switching topology. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.
Personalized ESA doses for anemia management in hemodialysis patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Rogers James , Gallaher Edward J. , Dingli David
Published: September 2018

End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis are typically anemic due to a lack of erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone required for red blood cell (RBC) production. EPO replacement therapy is complex, often resulting in oscillating hemoglobin (Hb) levels. EPO dosing protocols do not account for endogenous delays and appear to contribute to, if not cause, Hb variability. The Mayo Clinic Anemia Management System (MCAMS) is based on a physiological simulation of the production and lifespan of RBCs, driven by EPO dosage schedules. Patient‐specific parameters were found such that simulated Hb levels matched historical Hb levels in response to historical EPO doses. The calibrated model was used to identify new dosing regimens that stabilize Hb. MCAMS has been used to recommend individualized EPO dosage regimens to maintain stable Hb levels within a desired target range for more than 600 patients, improving patient outcomes while reducing medication costs by about 40 percent.

© 2018 System Dynamics Society
2‐Hydroxyethyl‐Substituted Pd‐PEPPSI Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and the Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction for Aryl Chlorides in Aqueous Media
Authors: Aktaş Aydın , Celepci Duygu Barut , Gök Yetkin , Aygün Muhittin
Published: September 2018

In recent years, PEPPSI (Pyridine‐Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation) complexes have attracted attention in organometallic chemistry. This study contains the synthesis of the 2‐hydroxyethyl‐substituted Pd‐PEPPSI complexes and their catalytic activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction aryl chlorides in aqueous media. The Pd‐PEPPSI complexes have been prepared from the 2‐ hydroxyethyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, palladium chloride and 3‐chloropyridine. The Pd‐PEPPSI complexes have been characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. The Pd‐PEPPSI complexes have been examined as catalysts in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions in aqueous media with arylboronic acid derivatives. Also, they have demonstrated excellent activity in these reactions. Molecular and crystal structure of one of the 2‐hydroxyethyl substituted Pd‐PEPPSI complex was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction method. X‐ray studies show that the molecular structure adopts a slightly distorted square‐planar geometry with the palladium (II) center.
Gold Nanoparticles on Graphene Oxide Substrate as Sensitive Nanoprobes for Rapid L‐Cysteine Detection through Smartphone‐Based Multimode Analysis
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhang Qian , Lu Yanli , Zhang Dimimg , Liu Jinglong , Zhu Long , Li Candong , Hu Lijiang , Li Jun , Liu Qingjun
Published: September 2018

Graphene oxide is a flexible nanoscale building block, which is contributed to improve the electrical, optical, and chemical properties. Here, gold nanoparticles on graphene oxide substrate were synthesized as sensitive nanoprobes for rapid L‐cysteine detection. The smartphone‐based system with multimode analysis of red‐green‐blue (RGB), hue‐saturation‐value (HSV), hue‐saturation‐lightness (HSL), and cyan‐magenta‐yellow‐black (CMYK), were proposed for the investigation of interactions between the nanoprobes and L‐cysteine. Then, optical absorption spectra were further examined to confirm the concentration characteristics of L‐cysteine. Results suggested that gold nanoparticles on graphene oxide substrate had satisfying linearity and stability in dose‐dependent responses to L‐cysteine detection in the multimode analysis with the limit of detection at 0.06 μM. Therefore, the smartphone‐based nanoprobes system not only equipped with a high resolution camera and a powerful processor, but also was a fully automated device without additional label or complex detection. These features make it to be a convenient and efficient analysis platform for multiple fields, such as clinical application, industrial quality control, environment monitoring, and food assessment.
Applying a cognitive‐emotional model to nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Dawkins Jessica C. , Hasking Penelope A. , Boyes Mark E. , Greene Danyelle , Passchier Chantelle
Published: September 2018

The recently proposed cognitive‐emotional model of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) draws on emotion regulation models and social cognitive theory to understand the onset, maintenance, and cessation of NSSI. We tested the prediction of the model that the relationship between emotional reactivity and NSSI is moderated by specific cognitions about self‐injury (i.e., self‐efficacy to resist NSSI, NSSI outcome expectancies), emotion regulation, and rumination. A sample of 647 university students aged 17–25 years (M = 19.92, SD = 1.78) completed self‐report measures of the constructs of interest. As expected, we found that emotional reactivity was positively related to NSSI, particularly for people who had weak self‐efficacy to resist NSSI. However, emotional reactivity was negatively related to NSSI for people who were more likely to use expressive suppression to regulate emotion. Implications for the theoretical understanding of NSSI are discussed.
Synchrotron Big Data Science
Authors: Wang Chunpeng , Steiner Ullrich , Sepe Alessandro
Published: September 2018

The rapid development of synchrotrons has massively increased the speed at which experiments can be performed, while new techniques have increased the amount of raw data collected during each experiment. While this has created enormous new opportunities, it has also created tremendous challenges for national facilities and users. With the huge increase in data volume, the manual analysis of data is no longer possible. As a result, only a fraction of the data collected during the time‐ and money‐expensive synchrotron beam‐time is analyzed and used to deliver new science. Additionally, the lack of an appropriate data analysis environment limits the realization of experiments that generate a large amount of data in a very short period of time. The current lack of automated data analysis pipelines prevents the fine‐tuning of beam‐time experiments, further reducing their potential usage. These effects, collectively known as the “data deluge,” affect synchrotrons in several different ways including fast data collection, available local storage, data management systems, and curation of the data. This review highlights the Big Data strategies adopted nowadays at synchrotrons, documenting this novel and promising hybridization between science and technology, which promise a dramatic increase in the number of scientific discoveries.
Investigating Subcellular Compartment Targeting Effect of Porous Coordination Cages for Enhancing Cancer Nanotherapy
Authors: Fang Yu , Lian Xizhen , Huang Yanyan , Fu Guo , Xiao Zhifeng , Wang Qi , Nan Beiyan , Pellois Jean‐Philippe , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: September 2018

Understanding the key factors for successful subcellular compartment targeting for cargo delivery systems is of great interest in a variety of fields such as bionanotechnology, cell biology, and nanotherapies. However, the fundamental basis for intracellular transportation with these systems has thus far rarely been discussed. As a cargo vector, porous coordination cages (PCCs) have great potential for use in cancer nanotherapy and to elucidate fundamental insight regarding subcellular compartment targeting. Herein, it is shown that the transportation of PCC cargo vectors though various subcellular barriers of the mammalian cell can be manipulated by tuning the vector's electronic property and surface affinity. It is found that the PCCs become selectively aggregated at the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, or the nucleus, respectively. When a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor is delivered into the nucleus by a neutral and lipophilic PCC, the anticancer efficacy is dramatically improved. The findings shed light to tune the interactions at the “bio‐nano” interface. This study provides a key strategy for future work in targeting specific cell organelles for cell imaging, cargo delivery, and therapy. This research also offers key insight into the engineering of nanoscopic materials for furnishing cell organelle‐specificity.
An Overview of Mixed Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Senthilkumar Baskar , Murugesan Chinnasamy , Sharma Lalit , Lochab Shubham , Barpanda Prabeer
Published: September 2018

“Building better batteries” remains an ongoing process to cater diverse energy demands starting from small‐scale consumer electronics to large‐scale automobiles and grid storage. While Li‐ion batteries have carried this burden over the last three decades, the ever‐growing and highly diverse applications (based on size, energy‐density, and stationary vs mobile usages) have led to an era of “beyond lithium‐ion batteries.” In this postlithium‐battery era, sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) have emerged as a pragmatic option particularly for large‐scale applications. They attract attention due to the abundance and uniform geographic distribution of sodium‐based minerals, materials/process economy, and well‐known (de)intercalation mechanisms, in particular for stationary applications independent of size/weight restriction. Parallel to the Li‐ion batteries, the cathode (positive electrode) plays a key role in overall performance, leading to the exploration of various layered and 3D framework insertion materials. While layered oxides deliver high capacity, polyanionic hosts offer structural stability, operational safety, and tunable redox potentials. It can be further exploited in “mixed polyanion” cathode materials combining more than one kind of polyanion units. This article focuses on mixed polyanionic cathode materials for NIBs. It renders a sneak‐peek on suites of mixed polyanionic insertion materials discussing their structure, overall electrochemical performance, and future perspectives.
Finding God in Grain: Crop Circles, Rationality, and the Construction of Spiritual Experience
Authors: Ghidina Marcia J.
Published: September 2018

Crop circles, which are intricate geometric patterns cut in fields of grain, have taken on spiritual significance for thousands of people across the globe. Based on field work in southwest England and interviews with believers, I analyze the socially constructed bases of this form of “New Age” spirituality. Using a symbolic interactionist framework, I illustrate how believers define crop circles as spiritual using subjective and normative rationality. Crop circle culture furthers this construction by providing a normative foundation with which to understand and experience the circles, as well as a basis of legitimizing this intersubjective reality to skeptical outsiders. In these ways, and others, spiritual experience is constructed, maintained, and defended by the individual in a subcultural context.
Integrated Diet Analyses Reveal Contrasting Trophic Niches for Wild and Hatchery Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Large River Delta
Authors: Davis Melanie J. , Woo Isa , Ellings Christopher S. , Hodgson Sayre , Beauchamp David A. , Nakai Glynnis , De La Cruz Susan E. W.
Published: September 2018

Hatchery programs have been used as a conservation tool to bolster declining populations of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha along much of the North American Pacific coast. In many watersheds, hatchery stocks are released concurrently with the wild population, thus raising the potential for density‐dependent effects. Competition for prey resources during the critical period for early marine growth and survival may diminish the foraging capacity and growth potential of wild Chinook Salmon, highlighting the importance of a diverse and productive delta habitat mosaic. We used an integrated diet approach with stomach content and stable isotope analyses to evaluate contrasting patterns of habitat use and prey consumption in a fall‐run population of juvenile Chinook Salmon from the Nisqually River delta in Puget Sound, Washington. We examined size‐class and origin‐level differences throughout a gradient of delta habitat types. Wild (unmarked) and hatchery juveniles exhibited distinct habitat use patterns whereby unmarked fish were captured more frequently in tidally influenced freshwater and mesohaline emergent marsh areas, while hatchery fish were caught more often in the nearshore intertidal zone. Consequently, hatchery fish were less likely to consume the energy‐dense terrestrial insects that were more common in freshwater and brackish marshes. Stable isotope signatures from muscle and liver tissues corroborated this finding, showing that unmarked juveniles had derived 24–31% of their diets from terrestrially sourced prey, while terrestrial insects only made up 2–8% of hatchery fish diets. This may explain why unmarked fish were in better condition than hatchery fish and had stomach contents that were 15% more energy‐rich than those of hatchery fish. We did not observe strong evidence for trophic overlap in juvenile Chinook Salmon of different rearing origins, but our results suggest that hatchery juveniles could be more sensitive to diet‐mediated effects on growth and survival.
Retracted: 3D Porous Heterometallic Coordination Polymer for the Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives and Inhibiting Human Cancer Cells Growth
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Chen
Published: September 2018

A new heterometallic coordination polymer, namely [Cd2Sr(bdc)3(H2O)2]n (1) (H2bdc = terephthalic acid), was synthesized via the solvothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)2, Sr(NO3)2, and H2bdc. The X‐ray structural analysis reveals that compound 1 is a 3D framework based on 1D rod‐shaped heterometallic metal‐carboxylate chains as building subunits. Viewing along the crystallographic c axis, there exist large 1D rhombic channels with effective dimensions of ca. 10.0 × 18.6 Å2. Moreover, compound 1 emits intense luminescence at room temperature. The investigations of luminescence indicated that compound 1 can be served as a luminescence probe for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of 1 was evaluated against three human cancer cells MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and MDA‐MB‐435S via the MTT assay.
Toward Robust Foundations for Sustainable Well-Being Societies: Learning to Change by Changing How We Learn
Authors: Glasser Harold
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores foundational issues around the meanings, creation, measurement, and continuous renewal of sustainable well-being societies. It begins with a probe into the long history of concern around advancing human well-being and follows with an inquiry into the deep roots of why sustainable well-being societies are not ubiquitous today. Four bedrock assumptions that forged the status quo and form the core of the dominant, guiding metanarrative are identified. While these cornerstones of the prevailing metanarrative may have had significant relevance for leveraging opportunities and advancing quality of life in the past, they are no longer consistent with our knowledge of the state of the planet, the goals of sustainable well-being societies, or our survival as a species. I argue that the growing calls for large-scale, transformative change rest on three, intertwined building blocks: constructing new, life-affirming metanarratives; clarifying what we mean by sustainable well-being societies and how to measure them; and learning how to use broad heuristics to rapidly develop, prototype, and test promising social and technological innovations. The chapter concludes with sanguine examples that illustrate how meaningful, lasting change is already resulting from using these sorts of heuristics to create powerful new models that are displacing the existing model of reality, not by fighting it, but by making it obsolete.
In Situ 3D Neutron Depolarization Study of the Transformation Kinetics and Grain Size Evolution During Cyclic Partial Austenite-Ferrite Phase Transformations in Fe-C-Mn Steels
Authors: Fang H. , van der Zwaag S. , van Dijk N. H.
Published: September 2018

We have analyzed the evolution of the ferrite fraction and average ferrite grain size during partial cyclic austenite-to-ferrite and ferrite-to-austenite phase transformations in an Fe-0.25C-2.1Mn (wt pct) steel using three-dimensional neutron depolarization (3DND). In the 3DND experiments, the ferrite fraction is derived from the rotation angle of the neutron polarization vector, and the average grain size is determined from the shortening of the polarization vector. From these, the number density of ferrite grains is derived, which indicates that grain nucleation is negligible during partial cycling in the intercritical regime and that all transformation kinetics can be attributed to growth processes only. In the multiple successive cyclic partial transformations, the interfacial migration rate was found to be sluggish due to Mn partitioning. The transformation kinetics determined with 3DND was compared to the predicted behaviors for diffusion-controlled simulations under local equilibrium and para-equilibrium interfacial conditions. It was found that the simulation predictions under local equilibrium only qualitatively capture the transformation kinetic with a difference of one order of magnitude in the variation in the ferrite fraction during cycling. The cyclic behavior of this Fe-0.25C-2.1Mn (wt pct) steel shows that the austenite-ferrite interface indeed migrates back and forth during cycling, while at the same time, there is a gradual increase in both the ferrite fraction and the average ferrite grain size over subsequent cycles. The intrinsic cyclic behavior is only visible after subtracting the effect of the progressive interfacial migration into austenite. The present study demonstrates the advantage of 3DND in studying partial cyclic phase transformations over conventional experimental approaches.