bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADAPTABLE MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A FOCUS ON SANITARY PADS
Authors:   Research Associate, Department of Home Science Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, Bhardwaj Anjali , Juneja Dr. Shalini ,   Research Associate, Department of Home Science Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022
Published: October 2024

Menstrual hygiene is a vital health issue affecting millions of women and girls globally, impacting their physical health, dignity, and participation in various social, educational, and economic activities (Sommer et. al., 2016). Traditional sanitary pads, predominantly composed of non-biodegradable plastics and synthetic fibres, pose severe environmental challenges, taking hundreds of years to decompose and contributing to significant waste (Garside & Sutherland, 2019). These conventional products lead to landfill overload, water pollution, air pollution from incineration, and related health hazards (Smith, 2020). Additionally, the economic and social barriers posed by the high cost of these products disrupt education, workplace participation, and perpetuate social stigmas (Kuhlmann, 2018). This paper examines the use of adaptable materials to create sustainable sanitary pads, focusing on innovative materials like biodegradable and reusable options (White & O'Neill, 2021). It highlights the potential for technological advancements to revolutionize menstrual hygiene management, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health, gender equality, responsible consumption, and climate action (United Nations, 2021). The paper also presents case studies of successful initiatives worldwide, addressing challenges and proposing solutions to promote widespread adoption of sustainable menstrual hygiene products (Chaudhary & Dhawan, 2022). Through collaborative efforts in education, policy-making, and community engagement, sustainable sanitary pads can contribute significantly to a healthier, more equitable, and environmentally friendly future (Jones, 2023).
STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS REGARDING ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN AGED 18-45 IN AN URBAN SLUM IN BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
Authors:   MSc (N), PGDHP Professor Department of Community Health Nursing Christ College of Nursing, Mangalore, Karnataka, Jerald Geethanjali , N Dr. Shantharani ,   MDS Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Bapuji Dental College and Hospital Davangere, Karnataka.
Published: October 2024

Background of the study: Anemia is a significant health issue worldwide. Iron Deficiency Anemia is one of the most common forms of anemia. A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the awareness and related factors among women aged 18-45 regarding anemia in an urban slum in Bangalore, Karnataka. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research approach was adopted in this study. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select 200 women of reproductive age (18-45 years), and a structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 Results: The results showed that the overall knowledge mean score was 21.53 (SD± 3.722), which showed that women of reproductive age (18-45 years) had inadequate knowledge regarding anaemia, out of 200 women, 184 (92.0%) had inadequate knowledge, 16 (8%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and none of them had adequate knowledge. There was significant association between knowledge and socio-economic status of women (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The study concluded that study participants had inadequate knowledge and lack of knowledge about anaemia, which may be the main causes for the increasing prevalence of anaemia among them. the study emphasises the urgent need for comprehensive and inclusive public health initiatives to address the widespread lack of anemia awareness among women of reproductive age, ultimately contributing to better maternal and child health in the broader community.
CUSTOMER SEGMENTATION AND LIFETIME VALUE PREDICTION
Authors:   Computer engineering Vishwakarma institute of technology Pune,India, Bhagat Sugat , Deshmukh Kishor ,   Computer engineering Vishwakarma institute of technology Pune,India, Bonde Kajal ,   Computer engineering Vishwakarma institute of technology Pune,India, Fegade Rameshwari ,   Computer engineering Vishwakarma institute of technology Pune,India, Dale Kshitija ,   Computer engineering Vishwakarma institute of technology Pune,India
Published: October 2024

Customer segmentation and lifetime value estimation are two areas of development today. Today, the business world works differently, so machine learning uses different algorithms and different models to increase business efficiency. The value of life measured by its results is the bond between the customer and the company, as well as the value of the customer for the company. The reason for choosing this project is to examine the predictive behavior of future personalization models. From the company's perspective, this model can be very effective in terms of customer relations. Both segmentation and LVP are good for strategy development in business. As the world continues to evolve with major changes in technology, it is only natural to do such a project. LVP has a lot of predictive power when evaluating the customer buying process and choosing the best services to offer to different customers. Current methods for estimating CLV involve developing a model that uses all customer-based inputs. This not only loses the granularity of the data, but also makes the marketing plan less effective from the customer’s perspective. This article focuses on the advantages of intelligently combining small models by focusing on separate models for different customers. This allows companies to effectively use customer data to make informed decisions. Using the data as an example, the proposed multi-project study where the learning experience is shared with relevant groups increases the CLV estimation accuracy compared to using a single model size with some minor modifications. Moreover, the same method reduces the standard deviation of the error when compared with a large sample. Most importantly, when the groups have different data to train, multiple learning models will outperform single-shot models, which is normally considered a more difficult task. These results show that multi-task learning can be more effective than existing business models and can be a better alternative to existing models.
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF BANKING SECTOR STOCKS: A STUDY OF MARKET TRENDS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Authors:   22WJ1E0060, School of Management Studies, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad, Sai Karthik Mr. Kotla , Prakash Dr. Chokkamreddy ,   Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad
Published: October 2024

This study explores the application of technical analysis in understanding and managing the fluctuations in market trends within the banking sector. Focusing on five key securities—ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, AXIS Bank, Union Bank of India, and State Bank of India— this research examines the relationship between risk and return, factors contributing to stock price volatility, and optimal timing for investment decisions. Using tools such as the Rate of Change (ROC) and Relative Strength Index (RSI), the study identifies patterns and trends that inform strategic buying, holding, or selling of shares. Findings reveal a common trend of decreased ROC in October across all analyzed stocks, with specific recommendations for each security based on their RSI values. This research provides valuable insights for investors, speculators, and students, enhancing their understanding of market dynamics and supporting informed investment strategies.
A COMPREHENSIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ABHINANDAN MOTORS PVT. LTD.: EVALUATING LIQUIDITY PERFORMANCE AND TRENDS
Authors:   22WJ1E0095, School of Management Studies, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad, Bhargav Mr. Rangu , Prakash Dr. Chokkamreddy ,   Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad
Published: October 2024

This study presents a detailed financial analysis of Abhinandan Motors Pvt. Ltd. with a focus on understanding its liquidity performance, profitability, and asset management over the past five years (2019- 2023). The primary objective is to provide insights into the company's financial health by evaluating historical performance and assessing current financial positions. The research utilizes ratio analysis and common size analysis to examine liquidity trends, profitability, and asset management. Key findings indicate a steady increase in share capital and significant growth in fixed assets, with fluctuations in current assets and liabilities. The ratio analysis reveals variable liquidity levels, with significant changes in the current, quick, and cash ratios, while the current assets turnover ratio shows improved efficiency. The study aims to identify the financial strengths and weaknesses of the company and offers insights for future financial strategies.
TOBACCO USE BY FRIENDS AND FAMILY MEMBERS OF TOBACCO USERS: RESULT FROM CLIENTS ATTENDING TOBACCO CESSATION CLINIC AT URBAN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE SET UP IN MALDIVES
Authors:   Dhamanaveshi, Urban PHC Center Male. Maldives, Azeez Hameed Dr Abdul
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify tobacco use among family members and friends of tobacco user who attended tobacco cessation clinic at an Urban Primary Healthcare set up in Male’, Maldives, starting from 2017 through 2023. Methods: A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive survey was employed utilizing secondary data extracted from tobacco cessation assessment forms at the Urban Primary Healthcare set up’s tobacco cessation clinic. The study utilized a census sampling approach, encompassing all available tobacco cessation forms, resulting in a total sample size of 544 participants. The primary researcher developed a data transfer sheet based on a review of the assessment forms, facilitating the systematic transfer of required data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0 to summarize and interpret the collected data. Results: Out of 544 tobacco users, 494 (90.8%) were male and 50 (9.2%) were female. Majority of the tobacco users reported that their friends and family members use tobacco. Huge amount of tobacco users reported tobacco use by nuclear family members while less than a quarter reported tobacco use among extended family members. Majority of tobacco users reported their coworkers or someone who lives together are non-tobacco users and majority of their class mates or best friends are tobacco users. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of tobacco users reported about tobacco use among family members and friends This could be influencing factor for the tobacco users to continue tobacco use as tobacco use among parents or family member and friends has negative effects on tobacco users.
ADVANCED SMART PARKING BARRIERS: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND IMPACT ON URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Banting Selangor, Banting, Selangor, Malaysia ,, Lachanna Rama Rao , Binti Sahbanar Siti Solehah ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Banting Selangor, Banting, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the creation and execution of an intelligent individual parking barrier system aimed at resolving urban parking difficulties in Malaysia. The project adheres to a systematic methodology that includes conceptual design, detailed design, prototype creation, testing and validation, data analysis and refinement, and implementation and deployment. The system's lifetime and efficacy are guaranteed by the inventive use of durable materials and advanced sensor technologies. Additionally, convenience and security are enhanced by a user-friendly wireless control system. The data analysis confirms that the system is highly reliable, with sensors that have a 95% success rate in detecting events and low delay in wireless control operation. The concept is in line with larger smart city projects, such as the Kuala Lumpur Smart City Blueprint, which aims to promote parking options that are both efficient and secure. In addition, the system promotes environmental sustainability by minimizing emissions related to the search for parking. It also aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, namely SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). This study showcases the possibility of implementing the proposed system on a large scale in different urban areas in Malaysia, therefore leading to the development of more intelligent and effective urban infrastructure.
LITERATURE SURVEY OF WEB CRIPPLING EXPERIMENT ON CEE-SHAPED SPECIMENS WITHOUT PERFORATIONS
Authors:   School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment (SCEBE), Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowc, Sreejith S. , Kulatunga M.P. ,   School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment (SCEBE), Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK, Macdonald M. ,   School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment (SCEBE), Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK, Babakalli A. ,   School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment (SCEBE), Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK, David S. ,   School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment (SCEBE), Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
Published: October 2024

Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) products are widely used in the field of building construction due to their inherent characteristics such as high material strength and design versatility. Depending upon their application and loading configuration, these structures are prone to different types of failures. Web crippling is a type of localized failure mode observed in CFS beam structures due to concentrated loading over them. The web crippling behavior in CFS products are influences by various factors including geometric, material, loading and environmental properties, making it a complex failure phenomenon. This literature survey investigates ten research studies performed on Cee-shaped CFS specimen, focusing on various dimensions and loading configurations. By examining the experimental and analytical methodologies considered across various studies, the paper attempts to consolidate the key findings which could propose future researches. The survey offers an insight into discrepancies in the design practices for predicting the ultimate web crippling strength in Cee-shaped Cold-Formed Steel specimens.
SOCIAL INNOVATION EMERGENCE IN A CONGOLESE URBAN TERRITORY WITH A PEASANT LIFESTYLETO A SMART CITY
Authors:   PhD* Professor and Dean of Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences University of Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo Associate Researcher, Center for the Study of Industrialization Modes, CEMI-EHESS, Paris, Musema Zombo Morris
Published: October 2024

The study deals with the local governance of an African city with a peasant lifestyle, likely to transition towards a smart, truly urban city. To resolve the problem of managing the still latent emergence of social innovation in southern countries, the study hypothesizes that these urban agglomerations will only be able to see their development come through social innovations, in the extent that the knowledge of the populations concerned is at the service of public power through participatory democracy. The study proposes the revision of the place reserved for the resident in the management of the city and a model of participatory democracy in a co-creation approach.
Linguopoetic Analysis of the Perception of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Novel in Kyrgyz and Russian Cultures
Authors: Abdilazizkyzy B. , Kasymalieva M. , Tashmatova A.
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the linguopoetic perception of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe novel in Kyrgyz and Russian cultures. The goal of the study is not only to analyze the linguistic and poetic means used in the translation and adaptation of the novel into Kyrgyz and Russian languages but also to identify the differences and similarities in the interpretation of the text by representatives of both cultures. The paper examines the cultural contexts that influence the perception of the novel and analyzes how these contexts are reflected in the lexical and stylistic features of the translation. Special attention is given to how Kyrgyz and Russian ethnocultural values manifest in the interpretation of the plot and imagery of the work. The study reveals the features of the linguocultural adaptation of the novel and allows conclusions to be drawn about the significance of the linguopoetic approach in comparative literary studies. In the concluding part of this work, we will review the interpretation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's work in contemporary African American studies, focusing primarily on the interpretation of the novel proposed by Henry Louis Gates Jr., a leading historian, and theorist of African American literature, which reflects the radical Afrocentrism of the 1960s and 1990s.
Lexical and cultural meaning Mitoni tradition of Javanese society in Plumbungan Village, Banyudono, Boyolali: An ethnolinguistic studies
Authors: Rosidah Khotimatul , Lutfiana Aufa Daffa , Lestari Clarisma Avistha , Nugroho Miftah
Published: October 2024

Mitoni is one of the seven monthly traditions of pregnant women carried out by the Javanese community; each series of events and ubarampe has its meaning for the community. This study aims to describe the lexical and cultural meanings of the series of events and ubarampe in the mitoni tradition in Boyolali Regency. This research is ethnolinguistic in nature because it explains the relationship between language and culture in Plumbungan Village, Banyudono District, Boyolali Regency. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection methods used participatory observation followed by recording techniques and note-taking techniques. Methods of data analysis using the equivalent method. The results of this study indicate that the lexicon in the mitoni tradition is (1) sesajen, (2) siraman, (3) mecah tigan, (4) brojolan, (5) solan salin, and (6) kondangan. While the ubarampe found were (1) kembang, (2) banyu pitung sumur, (3) jimbeng, (4) gedhang raja, (5) kinang, (6) takir pontang, (7) duit koin, (8) jarik lumpatan, (9) cengkir, (10) jenang procot, (11) tumpeng, (12) gudhangan, (13) rujak, (14) tigan jawa, and (15) jenang cenil. Each of these lexicons has a symbol of life for the Banyudono people.
Communication challenges in the hospitality business: Analysis of students' strategies in learning English at STIEPARI Semarang
Authors: Prabowo Bayu Ade , Saptiany Shella Gherina
Published: October 2024

This research aims to explore the communication challenges faced by students in the hospitality business and analyze English language learning strategies that can be used to address these challenges. The primary focus of this research is on students majoring in Hotel Accommodation at the School of Economics and Business (STIEPARI) Semarang. The main research questions involve understanding how communication challenges in the hospitality business affect students' English language communication abilities, what learning strategies can be employed by these students, and how effective these strategies are in improving their English speaking skills. The research methods include interviews, observations, and document analysis to obtain comprehensive data. The findings of this research are expected to provide in-depth insights into communication issues in the context of the hospitality business, offer recommendations for suitable English language learning strategies, and measure the effectiveness of their implementation. The findings from this research can contribute to a better understanding of how to enhance English communication skills among Hospitality major students, thus preparing them to tackle communication challenges that may arise in the hospitality industry in the future. This research is expected to serve as a basis for the development of more effective learning programs in this field.
Parenting at three generations of Oei Family in “Oei Hui Lan” biography
Authors: Halim Steffi Thanissa , Ardiyanto Grace Febriana
Published: October 2024

Oei Hui Lan family was the richest family in Southeast Asia until 20th century, and belongs to the Chinese elite group, so they also have good connection with the western people which made Oei family’s parenting style different from other ordinary Chinese Indonesian families at their time. This makes the author interested in researching parenting styles in three generations of Oei family. The author uses library research method, namely the content analysis method to analyze the data. The data is taken from "Oei Hui Lan: Kisah Putri Sang Raja Gula dari Semarang" by Agnes Davonar. The results of the analysis are parenting style in the first generation is mostly the same as the traditional Chinese parenting style. In the second and third generations are starting to be influenced by western family parenting style. Also, the use of western parenting style from the first to the third generation is found increasing.
Being Careful with Conjoints: Accounting for Inattentiveness in Conjoint Experiments
Authors: Kane John V. , Costa Mia
Published: October 2024

In typical survey experiments–i.e., experiments that involve a relatively limited amount of manipulated content–respondent inattentiveness tends to bias treatment effect estimates toward zero. Such bias may be even more pronounced in conjoint experiments, which require respondents to attend to an even larger amount of manipulated content. And yet, little research has investigated strategies to account for inattentiveness in conjoint experiments specifically. In this study, we explore potential ways to both measure–and account for–respondent inattentiveness when estimating causal effects in both single- and two-profile conjoint experiments. Replicating published conjoint experiments with large national samples, we demonstrate how researchers can implement a simple strategy using pre-treatment measures of attentiveness. Toward this end, we propose a novel method– “conjoint attention checks” (CACs)–to both measure respondents’ attentiveness to conjoint profiles and provide for more robust tests of hypotheses in conjoint experiments.
Oral Health Status of 12 and 15 years old school going children in rural and urban areas of Madhurawada Town
Authors: Chatti Prathyusha , Reddy Vamsi Krishna , Pydi Sivakumar , Pottem Nagarjuna , Sai Yaswanth , P. Swati
Published: October 2024

Brief Background
Children's appearance, quality of life, food intake, and growth and development are all affected by oral disorders. To ensure long-term dental health and hygiene, good oral hygiene practices must begin at a young age. To assess the oral health status among 12 and 15 years old urban and rural school going children of Madhurawada Town, Vishakhapatnam.

Material and Methods
Multistage cluster sampling was used. The clinical examination of each subject was done at schools in Madhurawada Town, Visakhapatnam district with the WHO Oral health assessment form 2013. The total sample size calculate was 1700.
Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software version 21.0. Descriptive and Paired t test and chi-square test were used.

Results
Out of 1700 study participants, 850 are from rural and 850 are from urban area. The value of mean DMFT was 2.27±1.17, 1.85±1.71 among 12 years old age from rural and urban area respectively. Mean DMFT value was 1.85±1.54, 1.67±1.58 in 15 years old from rural and urban area. The mean bleeding on probing is 39.2%, 42.8% in 12 years old 77.6%, 56.2% in 15 years old age group from rural and urban areas respectively.

Conclusions
According to the findings of this study, the prevalence of oral disease was higher in children from rural areas than in children from urban areas.

Key Words: Dental caries, Multistage cluster sampling, Oral health status, WHO assessment
A Study to evaluate Oral Candidal Colonization and Species Variation in Diabetes Patients
Authors: Pulligada Syam Sundar , Chandrashekar Poosarla , Kommalapati Vatsalya , Kattappagiri Kiran Kumar , Chandra Lalith Prakash
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. In the oral cavity, yeasts commonly colonize the tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. Aside from oral mucosa, recent research have revealed the existence of C. albicans in other oral sites such as root canal, including persistent infection, carious lesions, and periodontal pockets5. The main aim of the study is to evaluate and compare Candidal colonization and species variation in healthy individuals and Diabetic patients.
Material & Methods
Study includes 60 samples which are divided into Group –I consist of 30 Diabetic patients & Group II consists of 30 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected to estimate the glucose levels using Glucose Tolerance Test & HbA1C. Saliva Sample was collected to estimate the candida using VITEK_2 Procedure. The absorbance values were measured on a digital calorimeter for Glucose Tolerance Test & HbA1C levels using the standard protocol.
Results
Statistical Analysis was done using SPS software. Anova test & Paired t –test were done to estimate the comparison of Candidal positivity to HbA1C and VITEK_2 Procedure showed a mean of 97.33 and SD of 11.02 and with that of HbA1C, showed a mean of 4.93 and SD of 1.00. Comparison of study & control groups with VITEK2 status showed (46%) Candida albicans, followed by (16.67%) Candida famata and (10%) Candida tropicalis.

Conclusion
The patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing oral Candidiasis. These members of the normal flora probably acquire invasiveness and become pathogenic leading to change in disease progression and develop resistance to the existing drug regime.

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, Glucose, Hyperglycemia, Oral candidasis, Lesions etc.
Challenges and perspectives in using unspecific peroxygenases for organic synthesis
Authors: Huang Yawen , Sha Jiangtao , Zhang Jie , Zhang Wuyuan
Published: October 2024

In the past 20 years, unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) have emerged as promising biocatalysts for various organic transformations. Particularly, we have witnessed great attention being paid to the screening of new enzymes and expansion of the substrates/products. However, challenges such as enzyme stability, low turnover numbers, and substrate specificity hinder their widespread utilization in practical organic synthesis. This review article provides a concrete and mini-overview of the challenges associated with using UPOs in organic synthesis and discusses strategies for enzyme engineering to overcome these limitations. The article highlights recent advancements in UPO research and presents potential solutions to enhance their catalytic efficiency, stability, substrate specificity, and regioselectivity. Additionally, the review outlines the current methodologies employed for directed evolution and protein engineering of UPOs, along with computational modeling approaches for rational enzyme design. By addressing the challenges and exploring avenues for enzyme engineering, this review aims to shed light on the prospects of UPOs in organic synthesis.
Effectiveness of violet LED with or without a bleaching gel: a 12-month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lopes Ana Cristina Távora de Albuquerque , Brondino Nair Cristina Margarido , Bombonatti Juliana Fraga Soares , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The present interventional, controlled, randomized, blind clinical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an in-office bleaching procedure with violet LED associated or not with 37% carbamide peroxide, considering as response variables the degree of change and color stability over 12 months and dental sensitivity over a month.

Methods

Forty participants, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20) according to the bleaching protocol conducted, in two sessions, with a 7-day interval: vLED—violet LED, without gel; vLED/CP—37% carbamide peroxide photocatalyzed with violet LED (control group). In the vLED group, in each session the bleaching was carried out by 2 consecutive irradiation cycles of 25’ each (10 × 2’ LED + 30” interval), with 5’ interval between cycles. In the vLED/CP group, the gel was applied 5 times in the bleaching session and photocatalyzed 3 times for 2’ with 30” intervals (7’30” per gel application), totaling 37’30” per session. Dental sensitivity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the effectiveness of bleaching as a function of the degree of change and color stability (ΔE) with a spectrophotometer. The data were tabulated and submitted to statistical tests (p < 0.05).

Results

The VAS analysis showed that some individuals from both groups had mild pain (1 ≤ VAS < 4) during the time intervals evaluated, being more prevalent in the vLED/CP group. Regarding the degree of color change, the groups behaved differently over time (p < 0.0001). The ΔE observed for the vLED/CP group was superior in comparison to the vLED group at all evaluated moments.

Conclusions

Over 12 months, the vLED/CP group was more effective in relation to the bleaching effect compared to the vLED group. Both groups showed low levels of sensitivity in the studied time intervals.

Clinical Trial Registration

[https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6rc23h], identifier [U1111-1253-8850].
Playing it SMART: increasing transfer student and URM undergraduate student success through undergraduate research combined with group support
Authors: Shemer Gidi
Published: October 2024

Increasing retention rates in STEM disciplines has been a primary goal among universities in recent years. Special attention has been given to increase STEM retention among underrepresented populations in those fields. However, one group of students that remains understudied but faces specific challenges is the transfer (TR) student population. TR students, and especially those who transfer from community colleges (CC-TR) in the US, often face academic and mental hurdles, loss of a sense of academic belonging, and adjustment challenges, sometime described as the “transfer shock.” Undergraduate research, an experience that has been shown to promote student success, is often not pursued by STEM TR students due to a heavy load in their new 4-year university. We hypothesized that combining summer undergraduate research in STEM labs with intense group activities that focused on group support, development of research-related skills, and promotion of a sense of belonging, would increase rates of research participation after the summer among transfer students. Moreover, we hypothesized that such an intervention would promote student retention and academic success. Our research demonstrates that this intervention, through a summer program in an R1 university, served as a validating experience that increased participation in STEM research after the program, provided the students with academic skills, and improved graduation and STEM retention of TR and URM students. We believe that this intervention may serve as a model to promote student success among transfer and URM students.
Systemic treatments for radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancers
Authors: Chen Piaohong , Yao Yu , Tan Huiwen , Li Jianwei
Published: October 2024

Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) constitute the primary histological subtype within thyroid cancer. Due to DTCs’ distinctive radioiodine (RAI) uptake mechanism, standard treatment involving surgery, with or without adjunctive therapy using RAI and levothyroxine inhibition, typically yields favorable prognoses for the majority of patients with DTCs. However, this favorable outcome does not extend to individuals with decreased RAI uptake, termed radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancers (RAI-RTCs). Recent research has revealed that the genetic mutations and gene rearrangements affecting sites such as RTKs, RAS, BRAF and TERTp lead to structural and functional abnormalities in encoded proteins. These abnormalities aberrantly activate signaling pathways like the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase (PI3K) signaling pathways, resulting in thyroid cells dedifferentiation, sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) dysfunction, and consequent the RAI-refractory nature of DTCs. Targeted therapy tailored to mutations presents a promising avenue for the treatment of RAI-RTCs. Lenvatinib and sorafenib, multi-kinase inhibitors, represent the standard first-line systemic treatment options, while cabozantinib is the standard second-line treatment option, for this purpose. Furthermore, ongoing clinical trials are exploring selective kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and combination therapies. Notably, numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that selective kinase inhibitors like BRAF, MEK and mTOR inhibitors can restore RAI uptake in tumor cells. However, further validation through multicenter, large-sample, double-blinded randomized controlled trials are essential. Enhanced treatment strategies and innovative therapies are expected to benefit a broader spectrum of patients as these advancements progress.
Enhancing ecosystem dynamics: organic and regenerative practices in rice–wheat systems and their impact on soil arthropod biodiversity
Authors: Mishra Ajay Kumar , Tiwari Ankita , Maurya Piyush Kumar , Sharma Sheetal
Published: October 2024

Arthropods may make a significant fraction of the total number of soil organisms. They function as plant litter transformers or ecosystem engineers, and thus contribute positively to soil health. The present study was conducted during the 2020–2022 at International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi. Study investigates the impact of different farming methods-conventional (Scenario 1; Sc1), LINF- Low-input natural farming (Sc 2); BBEF- Biochar-based ecological farming (Sc 3); CROF- Climate-resilient organic farming (Sc 4); RF- Regenerative farming (Sc 5) practices on soil arthropod populations in rice-wheat systems. Study utilized pitfall traps across various experimental setups. The findings revealed a significant increase in arthropod diversity and abundance, particularly in organic farming scenarios, where the Formicidae family (ants) and the Araneae family (spiders) were most prevalent. In an organically rich soil system, the five most diverse groups (Isopoda, Myriapoda, Insecta, Acari, and Collembola) were reported. This increase can be attributed to the nutrient-rich amendments that positively influence soil organisms. This study highlights a gradual increase in specific taxa, such as cockroaches, spiders, ants, and grasshoppers, following the transition to organic farming. Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed distinct arthropod distribution patterns in the different farming systems, indicating the unique ecological impact of each method. Interestingly, predator populations in zero-till wheat fields under regenerative agriculture were greater than those in conventionally tilled fields. These results underscore the substantial role of organic and regenerative farming practices in promoting sustainable agricultural ecosystems. This study reveals the complex interplay between farming practices and arthropod dynamics and highlights the ecological benefits of sustainable agricultural methods, emphasizing their potential to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem health.
What lies behind the large genome of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Authors: da Silva Leandro Lopes , Correia Hilberty Lucas Nunes , Gonçalves Osiel Silva , Vidigal Pedro Marcus Pereira , Rosa Rafael Oliveira , Santana Mateus Ferreira , de Queiroz Marisa Vieira
Published: October 2024

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the etiological agent of anthracnose disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), noted for its ability to cause serious damage and significant pathogenic variability. This study reveals the features of the high-quality genome of C. lindemuthianum. Analysis showed improvements over the first assembly, with the refined genome having 119 scaffolds, ten times fewer than the first, and a 19% increase in gene number. The effector candidates increased by nearly 1.5 times. More than 40% of the amino acid sequences with homologs in the Pathogen-Host Interactions (PHI-base) database are linked to pathogenicity. Of 18 putative proteins identified as Chitinase-like Protein, six have a mutation in the enzyme catalytic motif, and three showed gene expression in the biotrophic phase, indicating they can act as effectors. Comparative genomic analyses with 30 other fungal species revealed that C. lindemuthianum is among the top three fungi encoding transport proteins. Seven Necrosis and Ethylene-Inducing Peptide 1 (Nep1)-Like Proteins (NLPs) are present in the C. lindemuthianum genome, but none had complete identity with the GHRHDWE conserved motif of NLPs; two were grouped with proteins that induce necrosis and may retain the capability to induce host necrosis. Colletotrichum species show a high number of secondary metabolite (SM) clusters, with C. lindemuthianum having 47 SM clusters. Approximately 60% of the C. lindemuthianum genome is composed of repetitive elements, a significantly higher proportion than in other fungi. These differences in transposable element (TE) numbers may explain why C. lindemuthianum has one of the largest genomes among the fungi analyzed. A significant portion of its genome comprises retroelements, particularly the Ty1/Copia superfamily, which accounts for 22% of the genome and represents 40% of the repetitive elements. The genomic profile features a remarkably high RIP-affected genomic proportion of 54.77%, indicating substantial RIP activity within this species. This high-quality genome of C. lindemuthianum, a significant pathogen in common bean cultivation, will support future research into this pathosystem, fostering a deeper understanding of the interaction between the fungus and its host.
Preimplantation genetic testing for Cockayne syndrome with a novel ERCC6 variant in a Chinese family
Authors: He Xuemei , Zhang Yiyuan , Huang Xianjing , Qiu Pingping , Ji Hong , Ding Lu , Shi Yingying , Huang Yanru , Li Ping , Mei Libin
Published: October 2024

Background

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare, multisystem, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cachectic dwarfism, nervous system abnormalities, and premature aging. Mutations in the ERCC6 and ERCC8 genes are the predominant causes of Cockayne syndrome, with ERCC6 gene mutations present in approximately 75% of cases.

Methods

Trio-based whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) was employed to identify potential pathogenic variants associated with CS. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) was conducted to prevent the transmission of the pathogenic variant.

Results

Two compound heterozygous mutations were identified in ERCC6—c.1297G>T (p. Glu433*) and c.1607T>G (p. Leu536Trp)—with c.1297G>T representing a novel mutation. Four blastocysts resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection were subjected to biopsy. Genetic analyses revealed that E1 harbored maternal mutations in diploid embryos, E2 and E3 carried both paternal and maternal mutations in non-diploid embryos, and E4 did not carry paternal or maternal mutations in diploid embryos. Following the transfer of the E4 embryos, a single successful pregnancy was achieved.

Conclusion

The successful application of PGT-M in this family offers a potential approach for addressing other monogenic diseases. The findings of this study broaden the variant spectrum of ERCC6 and will contribute to the molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling of CS. This case highlights the feasibility and effectiveness of PGT-M in preventing CS and provides valuable insights for similarly affected families.
PD-1 and CTLA-4 serve as major gatekeepers for effector and cytotoxic T-cell potentiation by limiting a CXCL9/10-CXCR3-IFNγ positive feedback loop
Authors: Abdala-Saleh Noor , Lugassy Jennie , Shivakumar-Kalvhati Akshatha , Turky Abeer , Abu Ras Sari , Razon Hila , Berger Nir , Bar-On Dana , Bar-On Yotam , Taura Tetsuya , Wilson David , Karin Nathan
Published: October 2024

CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor with three ligands: CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. We report that in addition to attracting CXCR3+ T cells to tumor sites a key role of CXCL9 and CXCL10 is in inducing a self-feeding feedback loop that accelerates effector/cytotoxic activities of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells while downregulating immunoregulatory protein TIM3. CXCR3KO mice displayed a markedly reduced response to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Results from a panel of in vivo and ex vivo 3D tumor models imply that, beyond driving CD8+ T cells into T-cell exhaustion, a major role of PD-1 and CTLA-4 is in limiting the CXCR3-based self-feeding mechanism of T cell potentiation. This may explain why patients that are CXCL9/CXCL10high tend to respond well to anti-PD-1 therapy, as opposed to patients that are CXCL9/CXCL10low. It also suggests a therapeutic role for CXCL9-Fc or CXCL10-Fc therapy; herein we demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity in multiple murine tumor models with such agents.
Prognostic value of T regulatory cells and immune checkpoints expression in tumor-draining lymph nodes for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Piersiala Krzysztof , Hjalmarsson Eric , Lagebro Vilma , Farrajota Neves da Silva Pedro , Bark Rusana , Elliot Alexandra , Marklund Linda , Margolin Gregori , Georén Susanna Kumlien , Cardell Lars-Olaf
Published: October 2024

Despite the employment of extensive therapeutic strategies, OSCC recurrence and mortality rates persist at high levels. This underscores the shortcomings of current prognostic models and the urgency for refined biomarkers. This study explores the prognostic significance of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) in OSCC, with a special focus on the quantification of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and the expression of immune checkpoints on T cells.

Methods

Forty-nine OSCC patients were enrolled. One TDLN per patient was analysed using flow cytometry to profile immune-checkpoint expression (PD-1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, TIM-3, LAG-3) and other markers such as CD69, CXCR5 on CD4+, CD8+, and Tregs. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed.

Results

According to multivariate analysis, elevated levels of FoxP3+CD4+ and TIGIT+CD8+ cells in TDLNs correlated with significantly worse DFS, while high CXCR5+CD4+ levels were associated with better DFS. Notably, the expression of immune checkpoints on T cells within TDLNs showed significant associations with recurrence status. Patients experiencing recurrence exhibited heightened levels of T regulatory cells, CD4+PD-1+ and CD4+CTLA-4+, cells in TDLNs. Survival multivariate analyses revealed that T status emerged as an independent predictor of OS.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the critical role of TDLNs in the immune microenvironment of OSCC and establish immune checkpoint expression on T cells as promising prognostic biomarkers. These insights upgrade the prognostic framework for OSCC and pave the way for individualized therapeutic strategies. The prognostic significance of TDLNs and a high expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors is a compelling argument for the adoption of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
Making the effect visible – OX40 targeting nanobodies for in vivo imaging of activated T cells
Authors: Frecot Desiree I. , Blaess Simone , Wagner Teresa R. , Kaiser Philipp D. , Traenkle Bjoern , Fandrich Madeleine , Jakobi Meike , Scholz Armin M. , Nueske Stefan , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Kneilling Manfred , Pichler Bernd J. , Sonanini Dominik , Rothbauer Ulrich
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Human OX40 (hOX40/CD134), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is mainly expressed on activated T lymphocytes. Triggered by its ligand OX40L (CD252), it provides costimulatory signals that support the differentiation, proliferation and long-term survival of T cells. Besides being a relevant therapeutic target, hOX40 is also an important biomarker for monitoring the presence or infiltration of activated T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the inflammatory microenvironment (IME) in immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs) and the lymphatic organs. Here, we developed novel single domain antibodies (nanobodies, Nbs) targeting hOX40 to monitor the activation status of T cells by in vivo molecular imaging.

Methods

Nbs against hOX40 (hOX40-Nbs) were selected from an immunized Nb-library by phage display. The identified hOX40-Nbs were characterized in vitro, including determination of their specificity, affinity, stability, epitope recognition and their impact on OX40 signaling and T cell function. A lead candidate was site-specifically conjugated with a fluorophore via sortagging and applied for noninvasive in vivo optical imaging (OI) of hOX40-expressing cells in a xenograft mouse model.

Results

Our selection campaign revealed four unique Nbs that exhibit strong binding affinities and high stabilities under physiological conditions. Epitope binning and domain mapping indicated the targeting of at least two different epitopes on hOX40. When analyzing their impact on OX40 signaling, an agonistic effect was excluded for all validated Nbs. Incubation of activated T cells with hOX40-Nbs did not affect cell viability or proliferation patterns, whereas differences in cytokine release were observed. In vivo OI with a fluorophore-conjugated lead candidate in experimental mice with hOX40-expressing xenografts demonstrated its specificity and functionality as an imaging probe.

Conclusion

Considering the need for advanced probes for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of T cell activation dynamics, we propose, that our hOX40-Nbs have a great potential as imaging probes for noninvasive and longitudinal in vivo diagnostics. Quantification of OX40+ T cells in TME or IME will provide crucial insights into the activation state of infiltrating T cells, offering a valuable biomarker for assessing immune responses, predicting treatment efficacy, and guiding personalized immunotherapy strategies in patients with cancer or IMIDs.
Development of a full ocean depth hydraulic manipulator with heavy-duty capacity
Authors: Ruan Dongrui , Chen Jiawang , Peng Xiaoqing , Ai Jingkun
Published: October 2024

The underwater manipulator is a versatile tool commonly used for various underwater operations. In this study, we developed a heavy-duty hydraulic manipulator capable of operating at full ocean depth. The overall system design integrates both the mechanical structure and the electric control system. The master arm controls the slave arm by transmitting control signals to the controller and valve box. The structural design of the elbow and wrist joints has been optimized to enhance the manipulator's underwater performance and operational range. Laboratory tests demonstrated the manipulator’s excellent response consistency and tracking capability across a wide range of motion. During sea trials in the Mariana Trench, the manned submersible Fendouzhe successfully deployed the manipulator, showcasing its exceptional ability to complete complex tasks.