bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology and surface features of olivine in kimberlite: implications for ascent processes
Authors: Jones T. J. , Russell J. K. , Porritt L. A. , Brown R. J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Most kimberlite rocks contain large proportions of ellipsoidal-shaped xenocrystic olivine grains that are derived mainly from disaggregation of peridotite. Here, we describe the shapes, sizes and surfaces of olivine grains recovered from kimberlite lavas erupted from the Quaternary Igwisi Hills volcano, Tanzania. The Igwisi Hills kimberlitic olivine grains are compared to phenocrystic olivine, liberated from picritic lavas, and mantle olivine, liberated from a fresh peridotite xenolith. Image analysis, scanning electron microscopy imagery and laser microscopy reveal significant differences in the morphologies and surface features of the three crystal populations. The kimberlitic olivine grains form smooth, rounded to ellipsoidal shapes and have rough flaky micro-surfaces that are populated by impact pits. Mantle olivine grains are characterised by flaked surfaces and indented shapes consistent with growth as a crystal aggregate. Phenocrystic olivine exhibit faceted, smooth-surfaced crystal faces. We suggest that the unique shape and surface properties of the Igwisi Hills kimberlitic olivine grains are products of the transport processes attending kimberlite ascent from mantle source to surface. We infer that the unique shapes and surfaces of kimberlitic olivine grains result from three distinct mechanical processes attending their rapid transport through the thick cratonic mantle lithosphere: (1) penetrative flaking from micro-tensile failure induced by rapid decompression; (2) sustained abrasion and attrition driven by particle–particle collisions between grains within a turbulent, volatile-rich flow regime; and (3) higher-energy particle–particle collisions producing impact cavities superimposed on decompression structures. The combination of these processes during the rapid ascent of kimberlite magmas is responsible for the distinctive ellipsoidal shape of olivine xenocrysts found in kimberlites worldwide.
Link between Chronic Pesticides Exposure and Reproductive Problems in Male Farmers
Authors: Nabi Ghulam , Amin Muhammad , Rauf Tabinda , Khan Khwaja Muhammad , Khan Ayaz Ali
Published: May 2014

The demand for potent and new pesticides increases day by day because of pest resistant and more food production. The objective of this study was to find out the effects of chronic pesticides exposure on the reproductive health of poor and reckless farmers.A 5 mL blood was drawn from 80 men (40 farmers, 40 controls) and was analyze for serum total testosterone using Biocheck (USA) kit. A detail questionnaire was designed about socio-demographic, occupational activities and clinical characteristics.In farmer group the Mean±SEM of total serum testosterone was 546±10 ng/dl and in control was 664±17 ng/dl. Total serum testosterone was significantly lowered (P< 0.0001) in farmers at 95% confidence interval as compared to control group. Reproductive health problems like infertility, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory problems, decreased libido, absent morning and nocturnal erection and general health problems like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, Parkinson and diabetes mellitus were more common in farmers.Pesticides negatively affect the physiology of endocrine system. It reduces the serum total testosterone concentration in farmers significantly.This low testosterone produces negative effects on the reproductive as well as general health.
Práticas de discriminação às pessoas em situação de rua: histórias de vergonha, de humilhação e de violência em Fortaleza, Brasil
Authors: Moura Jr James F. , Ximenes Verônica M. , Sarriera Jorge C.
Published: May 2014

Objetiva-se analisar as práticas discriminatórias e suas consequências experienciadas por pessoas em situação de rua de Fortaleza-Brasil. A pesquisa é qualitativa, com utilização de observação participante e diários de campo em situações ocorridas nos serviços sociais pesquisados da Prefeitura de Fortaleza. Usam-se também Entrevistas Narrativas com quatro pessoas em situação de rua (três homens e uma mulher) usuárias desses serviços. É utilizada como análise a temática narrativa. Identifica-se que as pessoas em situação de rua são discriminadas como violentas, criminosas e usuárias de droga, ocorrendo igualmente nos serviços investigados. Então, os participantes sentem-se agredidos, humilhados e envergonhados, podendo agir violentamente, criativamente e solidariamente como forma de enfrentar essas práticas de opressão. É importante desenvolver ações transformadoras na sociedade e nos serviços sociais voltados para esse público.
La invisibilidad de las mujeres sin hogar en España
Authors: Fernández-Rasines Paloma , Gámez-Ramos Tamara
Published: May 2014

La definición ETHOS, consensuada a nivel europeo en 2008, ha permitido incorporar categorías de sinhogarismo más allá de la intemperie cuya prevalencia es masculina. El presente estudio ha permitido desvelar que las mujeres aparecen afectadas muy significativamente en la categoría de vivienda insegura para el caso español. Esta nueva representación femenina en el sinhogarismo precisa el abordaje de intervenciones concretas con un enfoque de género. A través de una aproximación interdisciplinar desde el trabajo social y para las políticas públicas, esta investigación incorpora una doble vía explicativa con análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo.  Como resultado se aporta la visibilización de las mujeres como objeto y sujeto de la investigación. Se ha realizado una cuantificación de las usuarias de servicios de alojamiento alternativo en un total de 40 programas del Área Metropolitana de Pamplona y se han analizado sus subjetividades a través del método etnográfico, biográfico, entrevistas y grupo de discusión.
Carta del Editor Diciembre 2011
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i1.1381
Control y Regulación de las Empresas de Seguridad Privada en América Latina y el Caribe: un análisis comparativo
Authors: Caonero Francesca , Godnick William , Fernández Sonia , Bustamante Julián , Natenzon Samanta
Published: May 2014

elaborado marcos legales para regular adecuadamente el fenómeno de la privatización de la seguridad. Entre estas iniciativas se puede mencionar el Proyecto de una posible Convención sobre las Empresas Militares y de Seguridad Privadas elaborado bajo los auspicios del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas. Este proyecto de convención tiene por objeto proporcionar un marco universal en el que se regulen estas empresas.El Centro Regional de las Naciones Unidas para la Paz, el Desarme y el Desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe (UNLIREC) ha estudiado este Proyecto de Convención y ha realizado un contraste con las diferentes normativas nacionales existentes. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar sí los Estados cumplen ya con algunas provisiones de este proyecto y de qué manera.Con base en el estudio de las leyes nacionales sobre seguridad privada, UNLIREC contrastó el Proyecto de Convención e identificó las diferentes provisiones de este documento sobre las que las diferentes normativas nacionales de varios países de América Latina y el Caribe hacen referencia.Como resultado de este contraste jurídico se puede observar que algunos Estados de la región recogen en su orden legal aspectos importantes que el Proyecto de Convención propone, como licencias, registro y capacitación. Otros Estados van más allá y estipulan disposiciones muy específicas en la materia que pueden ser resaltados. Otros, por el contrario, carecen de previsiones en lo que respecta al control y a la regulación de empresas de seguridad privada.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i1.1392
Manual de Formación de Policía Comunitaria de El Salvador
Authors: Recinos Montes Julio Alexander
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i1.1395
Libros: Fortalecimiento Institucional en el Área Metropolitana de San Salvador para la Cohesión Social y la Seguridad Ciudadana
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i1.1398
Carta del Editor
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1357
Armonización de la legislación contra el crimen organizado en Centroamérica
Authors: Martínez Ventura Jaime Edwin
Published: May 2014

Ante la expansión del crimen organizado en Centroamérica los países de esta subregión continental han aprobado muchas leyes internas y han ratificado varios tratados internacionales en el plano universal, regional y centroamericano, con mayor énfasis después de la entrada en vigencia de la Convención de Naciones Unidas contra la Delincuencia Organizada Transnacional del año 2000.Esa abundancia de leyes es muy positiva; expresa la preocupación de los Estados centroamericanos por cumplir sus obligaciones supranacionales y brindar seguridad a sus habitantes. Pero también es negativa porque ha propiciado dispersión, desarticulación, discrepancias e imprecisión acerca de la normativa jurídica vigente, debido a que las leyes nacionales han sido elaboradas con diferentes concepciones, estructuras, enfoques, alcances y definiciones.Pese a esas condiciones contrarias a la armonización jurídica, Centroamérica puede avanzar en la concordancia de su legislación contra la delincuencia organizada. De hecho, ya cuenta con un extenso marco jurídico común en esta materia, expresado en la vigencia de la mayoría de tratados internacionales a nivel universal, regional y subregional sobre crimen organizado, ratificados por todos o la mayoría de los países.La voluntad política es el denominador común que debe mediar en todos los esfuerzos de armonización y concordancia de la legislación en América Central; indispensable en cuanto plante etapas que se basen en una estrategia o programa común.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1359
Pandillas en Cataluña. El abordaje desde la Policia de la Generalitat – Mossos d’Esquadra
Authors: Herrero Blanco Santiago
Published: May 2014

En el año 2002 se detectó en Cataluña la presencia de pandillas que tenían su origen en grupos existentes en el continente americano, con los que mantenían comunicación y relaciones de dependencia. Desde entonces, ha aumentado progresivamente tanto el número de pandillas y de jóvenes involucrados en ellas, como la actividad delictiva vinculada a estos grupos. Los cuerpos policiales han seguido con atención la evolución de estos grupos, aunque el contexto social es radicalmente distinto y los niveles de actividad delictiva y de violencia no son equiparables a uno y otro lado del Atlántico. Este artículo pretende explicar cuál ha sido el abordaje del fenómeno durante este tiempo por parte de la Policia de la Generalitat – Mossos d’EsquadraDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1360
Cooperación internacional e inteligencia en el combate de la criminalidad transnacional: El caso brasileño
Authors: De Oliveira Junior Almir , Da Silva Filho Edison Benedito
Published: May 2014

El aumento de la violencia en Brasil en las últimas décadas está asociado con el desarrollo de actividades ilícitas transnacionales. Su naturaleza y complejidad requieren grandes inversiones y la mejoría de las acciones policiales, en particular con respecto a la inteligencia. Por eso es esencial la cooperación entre las policías de los países vecinos que comparten los mismos problemas relacionados con las rutas del tráfico ilegal. Hay que internacionalizar y coordinar las acciones para controlar la delincuencia, lo que imprime a la seguridad pública características de bien público global. El gobierno brasileño ha aumentado sistemáticamente las inversiones en la modernización de los medios de la Policía Federal y la cooperación técnica con los países sudamericanos y africanos. Pero los montos invertidos en estas iniciativas siguen siendo bajos ante la magnitud de sus fronteras nacionales y el alto grado de articulación y penetración de los grupos criminales que operan allí.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1361
Nuevos empoderamientos criminales y desafíos globales para los Estados del Triángulo Norte Centroamericano y México
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: May 2014

El propósito de este estudio es determinar y dimensionar todas las dinámicas que median en la relación entre la organización criminal y el Estado. De cómo éste último se inscribe en el contexto de la globalización económica, desenvolviéndose junto a procesos desagregadores de competencias que han complicado su desarrollo histórico y que lo hacen colisionar con los empoderamientos de nuevos actores no estatales que disputan jurisdicción e influencia en aspectos diversos como presencia territorial, economía local y control social. En este sentido, se exponen las acciones y omisiones estatales como principales insumos generadores del entorno adverso de seguridad hoy en día en toda el área mesoamericana; que se recoge en forma sistemática sintetizada en una hipótesis de trabajo. El desafío consiste en la exploración de umbrales probables para la reconstitución del sistema inmunológico de la formación estatal; como recurso indispensable en la lucha contra los poderes criminales. Planteándose como esfuerzo general, extensivo en cuanto a su capacidad de adaptación en ambientes reales y virtuales que minan constantemente el atributo de lo soberano.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1364
Ley de proscripción de maras, pandillas, agrupaciones, asociaciones y organizaciones de naturaleza criminal. Ley contra el crimen organizado y delitos de realización compleja
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1367Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 1(2) 2012: 291-303
Web: Honduras: Organized Crime Gaining Amid Political Crisis
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1371
Cine: Traffic
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1375
Cine: Promesas Peligrosas
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1376
Prospect for Cell Phones as Instructional Tools in the EFL Classroom: A Case Study of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Roksana
Published: May 2014

AbstractThough mobile assisted language learning is an important issue in ELT in many countries, Bangladesh is far away from this method of learning. The present paper has focused on the mobile assisted language learning where the author has tried to explore the potential of cell phone usages as instructional tool in EFL classroom of Bangladesh. The researcher conducted a case study on Jahangirnagar University of Bangladesh. Some undergraduate EFL students participated in the study as subjects. To find out the benefits and challenges of using cell phones in the classroom, some SMS based class tests were conducted where the teachers sent mobile SMS to students as a means of instruction for teaching appropriate use of preposition and to find out the efficacy of SMS based class, a test was also taken via SMS and students also replied and students were given feedback through SMS. After that, students and teachers opinion regarding the cell phone usages; its benefits and inhibiting factors for the implementations in the EFL classroom are collected through students’ questionnaire, teacher interviews and classroom observation reports. The research results imply that cell phone has great potential as instructional tool despite some challenges that can be solved by the sincere attempts of the authority, teachers and by changing the ethical point of view that consider cell phones as mere  a disturbing factor in the classroom. Some probable solutions for the challenges of using cell phone in the class are also presented. The study will be beneficial for educators of Bangladesh and many developing countries like Bangladesh. It will also be supportive for the EFL teachers and students who are always pursuing for more innovative way for teaching and learning English. Such studies are rare in Bangladesh, though some studies regarding m-learning are done by some researchers previously.
From Intercultural Awareness to Intercultural Empathy
Authors: Zhu Honglin
Published: May 2014

This article is concerned with the incorporation of teaching culture into EFL teaching and learning, with a focus on the cultivation of culturally empathic ability for Chinese learners. The article first holds a discussion on the significance and basic concepts concerning intercultural empathy. Furthermore, it makes an attempt to analyze the barriers encountered by Chinese learners in developing culturally empathic ability. Finally, it tries to offer some suggestions and techniques.
An Evaluation of Classroom Activities and Exercises in ELT Classroom for General Purposes Course
Authors: Zohrabi Mohammad
Published: May 2014

It is through effective implementation of activities and exercises which students can be motivated and consequently lead to language learning. However, as an insider, the experience of teaching English for General Purposes (EGP) course indicates that it has some problems which need to be modified. In order to evaluate the EGP course, questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations were used. The results of the study indicate that since the students’ needs and objectives are not fulfilled they hold low attitudes toward this course. Also, since the emphasis is on reading and doing exercises, students do not like to participate in performing activities and exercises. Task-based activities, communicative use of language and pair and group work are missing. Reading passages and exercises are presented without any practice and free production. The only skill which is used is the reading and consequently speaking, listening, and writing skills have been ignored and forgotten which ultimately bores most of the students. This study can be useful for language teachers who want to gain hands-on experience of executing classroom activities and exercises.
A Study on the Application of the Immersion Teaching Model to EFL Learners in Institutions of Higher Learning
Authors: Luan Yuqin , Guo Xiuzhen
Published: May 2014

This paper reports an empirical study on the application of the immersion approach to English teaching in North China Institute of Science and Technology (NCIST) in line with the basic principles of the Canadian immersion teaching mode. The experiment result and survey shows that the students involved in the immersion course improve faster in productive skills (i.e. writing and speaking) than those in conventional education programs. The study reveals that, apart from gains of social and cultural knowledge, the immersion students seem to have developed a more positive attitude towards English study. It also suggests that the immersion approach to English teaching in colleges could be a feasible alternative to the traditional mode.
Towards Transformation: The Power of Phonetic Symbols Embedded in a Multimedia Learning Management System
Authors: Por Fei Ping , Fong Soon Fook
Published: May 2014

The conventional way of using letter-to-sound approach to acquire English pronunciation competence is limited to simple and regular English words in elementary level. This limitation signifies the potentialities of phonetic symbols that are applicable to the pronunciation of all the words of human languages. The researchers are exploring the innovative use of phonetic symbols within the multimedia based English Pronunciation Learning Management System. The dynamic interactive learning system bears practical value to help novice users of the programme become active and independent English pronunciation learners. The learners will be expected to benefit from this innovative approach to substantially improve their pronunciation competence. The proposed Multimedia Pronunciation Learning Management System (MPLMS) marks a radical transformation of pronunciation learning.
The Religious Meaning in Waiting for Godot
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: May 2014

Waiting for Godot is one of the classic works of theater of the absurd. The play seems absurd but with a deep religious meaning. This text tries to explore the theme in four parts of God and man, breaking the agreement, repentance and imprecation and waiting for salvation.
The Relationship between Listening Strategies Used by Iranian EFL Freshman University Students and Their Listening Proficiency Levels
Authors: Bidabadi Farinaz , Yamat Hamidah
Published: May 2014

The purpose of the current study was to identify Iranian EFL freshman university students’ listening proficiency levels and the listening strategies they employed to investigate the relationship between these two variables. A total of 92 freshmen were involved in this study. The Oxford Placement Test was employed to identify the learners’ listening proficiency levels and a Listening Strategy Questionnaire was used to identify the strategies they employed in listening. The descriptive analysis of the listening strategy questionnaire revealed that Iranian EFL freshman university students at advanced, intermediate, and lower-intermediate levels employed meta-cognitive strategies more frequently and actively; followed by cognitive and socio-affective listening strategies. The Pearson Correlation analysis also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between the listening strategies employed by advanced, intermediate, and lower-intermediate freshmen and their listening proficiency levels at p<0.01 and p<0.05 levels respectively.
Determining the Evaluative Criteria of an Argumentative Writing Scale
Authors: Nimehchisalem Vahid , Mukundan Jayakaran
Published: May 2014

Even though many writing scales have been developed, instructors, educational administrators or researchers may have to develop new scales to fit their specific testing situation. In so-doing, one of the initial steps to be taken is to determine the evaluative criteria on which the scale is supposed to be based. As a part of a project that was proposed to develop a genre-based writing scale, a survey was carried out to investigate Malaysian lecturers’ views on the evaluative criteria to be considered in evaluating argumentative essays. For this purpose, a group of English as a Second Language (ESL) lecturers (n=88) were administered a questionnaire. The subscales of organization, content and language skills were recommended by factor analysis. A fourth subscale, task fulfillment, was added as a result of the qualitative analysis of the data. The findings can be useful for language teaching or assessing purposes. ra ,c ??o?rvation with the causal-comparative study between treatment group and control group. The result shows that a majority of students with TOA improved their oral English learning more than those with Traditional Teaching Method (TTM). It also finds that TOA is able to motivate the students to speak in class and a certain percentage of students can overcome their psychological problems in expressing ideas. The findings are that TOA affects students’ achievement in a favorable way which provides some theoretical, methodological and practical implications.
Modal Auxiliary Verbs in Prescribed Malaysian English Textbooks
Authors: Mukundan Jayakaran , Khojasteh Laleh
Published: May 2014

The use of corpus-based findings in order to inform L2 teaching materials have been emphasized by many researchers owing to the fact that the studies of authentic texts have revealed some inconsistencies between the use of grammatical structures in corpora, and those found in language textbooks that are based purely on hunch. Therefore, by comparing a textbook corpus with the British National Corpus, this study attempts to shed light on the extent in which modal auxiliary verbs presented in the Malaysian prescribed textbooks are identical with those used by native speakers. The findings showed that there are discrepancies between English language textbooks and real language use. Findings from this study contribute to the improvement of pedagogical practices in the teaching of the modal system and provide a sense of familiarity with textbooks’ content thus assisting educators in identifying the particular strengths and weaknesses in textbooks already in use.
Information Content of Dividends: Evidence from Istanbul
Authors: Altiok-Yilmaz Ayse , Akben Selcuk Elif
Published: May 2014

This study investigates the market reaction to dividend change announcements at the Istanbul Stock Exchange. A sample of 184 announcements made by 46 companies during the period 2005 to 2008 is analyzed by using the event study methodology. The results suggest that the market reacts positively to dividend increases, negatively to dividend decreases and does not react when dividends are not changed, consistent with the signaling hypothesis. Also, the results show pre-event information leakage for the decreasing dividends sample.
Primary Research of the Advantages and the Cost Control of the ABC & EVA Integrated System
Authors: Hu Haibo
Published: May 2014

The integrated product of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Economic Value Added (EVA) is the ABC & EVA system, i.e. the integrated cost system. Traditional ABC method gives priority to the interior activity chain of enterprise to implement the cost analysis, but ignores the capital cost, so the cost accounting is not complete. The ABC & EVA system brings the capital cost into the cost management, which could not only open out the real economic value created by the cost objects, but extend the pure cost computation of ABC to the performance evaluation. Based on the principle of the ABC & EVA system, the enterprise cost control strategies under the integrated cost system are proposed.
Organizational culture and technological innovation adoption in private hospitals
Authors: Luu Tuan Trong , Venkatesh Sundar
Published: May 2014

This paper portrays an empirically grounded theory research on the impact of organizational culture on technological innovation adoption in 8 private hospitals in Vietnam. It identifies the dimensions of organizational culture underlying technological innovation adoption, namely cause vision, organizational structure compound, support mechanisms, and innovation stimulators, as well as highlights the fashion in which these dimensions operate will either activate or inhibit technological innovation.
Trade Liberalization and Employment Performance of Textile and Clothing Industry in Tanzania
Authors: Olayiwola Wumi K. , Rutaihwa Johansein Ladislaus
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on employment performance of textile industry in Tanzania. The basic issue of concern is that the implementation of trade liberalization has differential impact on employment and wage in many African countries. In addressing this issue as well as achieving the objective, econometric models of employment and wage are estimated using co-integration method of analysis.  The analysis shows that effective rate of protection and export intensity have an insignificant positive impact on demand for labour, but import penetration has a significant negative impact on employment. Also, only import penetration has a significant negative impact on wage. The impact of import penetration is larger than that of export orientation, as the increase in import competition leads to a decline in labour demand. These findings point to the fact that to make trade liberalization to be effectual in Tanzania, the process of trade reform needs to be gradual and also need to be strengthened with appropriate institutional support.
The Effects of Shopping Orientations, Online Trust and Prior Online Purchase Experience toward Customers’ Online Purchase Intention
Authors: Ling Kwek Choon , Chai Lau Teck , Piew Tan Hoi
Published: May 2014

The advancement of the World Wide Web has resulted in the creation of a new form of retail transactions- electronic retailing (e-tailing) or web-shopping. Thus, customers’ involvements in online purchasing have become an important trend. As such, it is vital to identify the determinants of the customer online purchase intention. The aim of this research is to evaluate the impacts of shopping orientations, online trust and prior online purchase experience to the customer online purchase intention. A total of 242 undergraduate information technology students from a private university in Malaysia participated in this research. The findings revealed that impulse purchase intention, quality orientation, brand orientation, online trust and prior online purchase experience were positively related to the customer online purchase intention.
Managing Human Capital: How to Use Knowledge Management to Transfer Knowledge in Today’s Multi-Generational Workforce
Authors: Stevens Roxanne Helm
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine knowledge transfer strategies within the framework of a multi-generational workforce. It is common to consider different generational perspectives in the workplace and its impact on knowledge management and transfer strategy. This research compares differences in workforce generations and examines different methods to pass knowledge cross-generationally. Companies must design knowledge transfer strategies conducive to multi-generational workforce dynamics keeping in mind the generational diversity that exists in the workplace. The present study endeavors to provide insight into this issue.
Informing source attribution of enteric disease: An analysis of public health inspectors’ opinions on the “most likely source of infection”
Authors: Dumoulin Danielle , Nesbitt Andrea , Marshall Barbara , Sittler Nancy , Pollari Frank
Published: May 2014

Enteric illness continues to place a significant burden on the health of Canadians. To reduce this burden and establish effective prevention and intervention practices, the sources of these infections need to be understood. Multiple methods have been used to examine source attribution. This study presents a unique method for examining source attribution and enteric disease risk factors within a Canadian community. Open text data from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed on the “most likely source of infection” (MLSI) identified by public health inspectors (PHIs), investigating sporadic endemic cases of enteric illness in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario. The MLSI data were classified under nine categories and analyzed using five disease groups consisting of overall enteric disease, campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection, and parasitic disease. Food was the most frequently reported MLSI for overall enteric disease (26.1%), salmonellosis (41.1%), and VTEC infection (31.3%). Animal and water exposure were the most frequently reported MLSI for campylobacteriosis (26.2%) and parasitic disease (45.8%), respectively. Food safety practices were more frequently implicated as the source of infection for salmonellosis (17.7%) and campylobacteriosis (12.6%), compared with verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection (6.3%) and parasitic disease (1.0%). The category unpasteurized was the third most frequent MLSI for campylobacteriosis (12.6%), along with food safety practices (12.6%). The analysis of PHIs’ opinions on the MLSI of enteric disease is a valuable method to inform source attribution. The enhanced Canada's National Integrated Enteric Pathogen Surveillance Program (C-EnterNet) standardized questionnaires provided an important source of data to complete this analysis. The results from this study can be used to generate hypotheses for future studies and inform public health policy and practice at the local, provincial, and national levels to reduce the burden of enteric illness in Canada.
Improve environmental public health evaluation: connect outcome with process
Authors: Mak Anthony K. , Ponto Jessica
Published: May 2014

The uptake of evidence-based public health has been swift; practitioners, policy-makers, funders, researchers, and the public are searching for evidence to validate public health program effectiveness for various reasons. To generate the needed evidence to support funding, program development, and policy making, some practitioners have started exploring evaluation of food safety strategies. Disappointedly, most of these studies or reviews have generated inconclusive evidence on the effectiveness of food safety interventions, despite the perceived public health benefits. Some reasons for failing to make succinct conclusions about these public health interventions include inappropriate methods, insufficient monitoring periods, narrow approaches, ignored processes, and insufficient data for interpretation. It is suggested that researchers conducting food safety evaluation must improve their evaluative methodology, publish more detailed findings, and disseminate knowledge based on guidelines set out in the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs. Through improved details and transparency in publications, along with collaboration amongst inter-disciplinary practitioners, the utility of food safety strategies can be better demonstrated and translated. The same strategies can also be applied to the whole spectrum of environmental public health areas to achieve more innovative programs with clearer and more logical guided strategic changes.
Stable Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein Expression After Differentiation and Transplantation of Reporter Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated by AAVS1 Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases
Authors: Luo Yongquan , Liu Chengyu , Cerbini Trevor , San Hong , Lin Yongshun , Chen Guokai , Rao Mahendra S. , Zou Jizhong
Published: May 2014

Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell lines with tissue-specific or ubiquitous reporter genes are extremely useful for optimizing in vitro differentiation conditions as well as for monitoring transplanted cells in vivo. The adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) locus has been used as a “safe harbor” locus for inserting transgenes because of its open chromatin structure, which permits transgene expression without insertional mutagenesis. However, it is not clear whether targeted transgene expression at the AAVS1 locus is always protected from silencing when driven by various promoters, especially after differentiation and transplantation from hiPS cells. In this paper, we describe a pair of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) that enable more efficient genome editing than the commercially available zinc finger nuclease at the AAVS1 site. Using these TALENs for targeted gene addition, we find that the cytomegalovirus-immediate early enhancer/chicken β-actin/rabbit β-globin (CAG) promoter is better than cytomegalovirus 7 and elongation factor 1α short promoters in driving strong expression of the transgene. The two independent AAVS1, CAG, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) hiPS cell reporter lines that we have developed do not show silencing of EGFP either in undifferentiated hiPS cells or in randomly and lineage-specifically differentiated cells or in teratomas. Transplanting cardiomyocytes from an engineered AAVS1-CAG-EGFP hiPS cell line in a myocardial infarcted mouse model showed persistent expression of the transgene for at least 7 weeks in vivo. Our results show that high-efficiency targeting can be obtained with open-source TALENs and that careful optimization of the reporter and transgene constructs results in stable and persistent expression in vitro and in vivo.
Hierarchy of Breast Cancer Cells: Key to Reverse Dormancy for Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Bliss Sarah A. , Greco Steven J. , Rameshwar Pranela
Published: May 2014

An understanding of how cancer cells adapt dormancy would allow for targeted treatment. The current literature suggests that the cancer stem cells might be the major cells with the ability to become quiescent and to resist current drug treatment. The properties of cancer stem cells and healthy stem cells are functionally similar, thereby posing a challenge to target the dormant cells. The bone marrow is particularly a challenge because the dormant breast cancer cells are close to the endosteum, which is also home to the endogenous hematopoietic stem cells. Here we discuss how research studies could bring an understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions between the cancer stem cells and cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. This will allow for intervention to reverse dormancy for targeted treatment. The treatment will require studies within the normal organ functions to ensure treatment without toxicity.
La production quotidienne de l’amour en Suisse et au Québec
Authors: Henchoz Caroline
Published: May 2014

À l’instar des approches constructivistes et phénoménologiques du genre, l’amour romantique est conceptualisé comme une production genrée institutionnelle, interactionnelle et individuelle. Dans nos sociétés où l’amour est le critère fondamental de légitimation du couple, produire quotidiennement de l’amour est un accomplissement performatif et émotionnel, inévitable et nécessaire, qui puise son sens et sa validation dans ses dimensions institutionnelles. Par leurs significations culturelles considérées comme antinomiques avec les valeurs amoureuses, les échanges économiques au sein de couples suisses et québécois sont particulièrement illustratifs des processus sociaux de construction de l’amour. Cette perspective pluridimensionnelle, qui tente de fédérer différentes approches de l’amour romantique, propose également une perspective unifiée de l’amour et du pouvoir en montrant comment le premier offre les conditions de possibilité du second.
Quand le trouble amoureux contrarie le masculin
Authors: Gourarier Mélanie
Published: May 2014

Le One-itis est un jeu de mots issu de l’argot américain qui établit une analogie entre les sentiments amoureux et la maladie, la terminologie des pathologies infectieuses se terminant souvent par le suffixe itis. L’usage de cette expression, synonyme d’« obsession amoureuse » s’inscrit dans un contexte spécifique puisque son invention est le fait de jeunes hommes (âgés en moyenne d’une vingtaine d’années) qui se réunissent autour de l’apprentissage de la séduction des femmes. La « Communauté de la séduction », ainsi que la nomment ceux qui s’y agrègent, est apparue à la fin des années 1990 en Californie dans la mouvance des techniques émergentes du développement personnel et du coaching appliquées à la séduction masculine. Fondée sur l’examen empirique des pratiques et des discours amoureux formulés par les jeunes hommes rencontrés durant l’enquête, cette contribution entend penser les modalités de l’articulation entre l’expérience sentimentale douloureuse, la normalisation et la hiérarchisation des masculinités.
Grammaire de l’expérience romantique adolescente au Québec : une analyse sociosémantique des idéaux amoureux
Authors: Blais Martin , Hébert-Ratté Roxanne , Hébert Martine , Lavoie Francine
Published: May 2014

Cette étude vise à décrire, à travers les thèmes qu’évoque la plus belle expérience amoureuse chez de jeunes Québécois âgés de 14 à 19 ans, les formes sémantiques de l’amour contemporain ainsi que les attentes et les paradoxes dont elles témoignent sur le plan communicationnel. Au total, 6 961 jeunes Québécois âgés de 14 à 19 ans recrutés dans les milieux scolaires ont décrit leur plus belle expérience amoureuse vécue ou souhaitée. Une analyse des champs lexicaux, réalisée avec le logiciel Sémato, a permis de dégager six formes sémantiques dominantes : 1) la fidélité, le respect et l’authenticité ; 2) les références à la sensualité (embrasser et enlacement) ; 3) l’ancrage de l’amour idéal dans la compagnie de l’autre et des activités concrètes ; 4) l’importance de la passion, de la magie (pour les deux genres) et, surtout pour les garçons, du plaisir ; 5) l’ancrage de l’idéal amoureux dans des projets d’union et d’enfants ; et 6) l’ancrage du couple dans des lieux précis, dans un quotidien ou des souvenirs tangibles. Ces formes sémantiques sont discutées en fonction des problèmes qu’elles ont pu résoudre et ceux qu’elles font émerger. Les différences de genre sont aussi discutées.
Les inégalités sociales dans l’accès aux soins : l’origine mise en catégories
Authors: Carde Estelle
Published: May 2014

Cet article interroge la capacité des catégories de l’origine, construites et mobilisées par la recherche et les politiques publiques en santé publique, à objectiver, comprendre et lutter contre les inégalités sociales dans l’accès aux soins. Est examinée à cette fin la documentation en santé publique en France et aux États-Unis. En France sont identifiés la nationalité et le pays de naissance des individus. Mais l’interprétation des différences dans l’accès aux soins entre étrangers et Français, immigrés et non-immigrés, bute sur un angle mort, l’origine ethno-raciale. Aux États-Unis, les catégorisations privilégient au contraire cette dimension. Bien que l’usage de telles catégories y achoppe sur les principaux écueils qu’anticipent, en France, ses détracteurs, il ouvre de précieuses pistes pour la compréhension des inégalités sociales dans l’accès aux soins et la lutte contre elles. Cet article entend ainsi contribuer à la discussion sur les catégories de l’origine, en la plaçant sur un terrain précis, celui de l’accès aux soins.
Les jeunes et l’expérience participative en ligne
Authors: Caron Caroline
Published: May 2014

L’étude de cas présentée dans cet article permet d’examiner certaines particularités de l’expérience participative des médias sociaux par les adolescents. L’examen du contenu vidéo mis en ligne sur YouTube par une adolescente québécoise met en lumière cinq modalités de constitution d’un « soi relationnel » à travers l’affirmation progressive de sa « voix publique ». Dans les séquences vidéo sur le rejet et l’intimidation à l’école secondaire, ces modalités de mise en relation de soi permettent une politisation de l’expérience personnelle, dont l’expression intimiste redessine les notions d’engagement et de participation au-delà de la dichotomie public/privé.
Sociabilités générationnelles et légitimité politique alternative dans l’ancienne banlieue rouge
Authors: Gouard David
Published: May 2014

Cet article analyse la trajectoire sociopolitique d’un acteur issu de l’immigration algérienne en France à partir d’une enquête de type ethnographique menée dans une ancienne Cité de la « banlieue rouge », autrefois haut-lieu de l’identité ouvriero-communiste. À travers un engagement associatif doublé d’une intervention dans le champ politique local, l’entreprise conduite par ce jeune homme tout au long de la décennie 2000 éclaire les fondements éminemment sociaux de sa légitimation politique. C’est en effet au plus près des réseaux de sociabilités générationnelles qu’il est parvenu à politiser tout un pan des nouveaux milieux populaires en situation de désaffiliation à l’égard de l’ordre sociopolitique traditionnel.
De la lutte pour vivre au combat politique : sur les traces des origines de la lutte des biffins
Authors: Duclos Mélanie
Published: May 2014

Au début des années 2000, au marché de la porte Montmartre à Paris, certains de ses vendeurs d’objets de seconde main, récupérés le plus souvent dans les poubelles de la capitale, se montent en association pour s’opposer aux descentes de police dont ils font l’objet et demander la légalisation de leur activité. Vu les conditions d’extrême précarité de vie de ses acteurs, cette lutte pourrait paraître relever de l’extraordinaire. Et pourtant c’est dans l’ordinaire de leur vie quotidienne, qui déjà est un combat, que je voudrais tenter ici d’en retracer les origines.
Faire de sa vie une enquête : le cas d’un mouvement de contestation populaire en Israël comme critique ordinaire et critique radicale
Authors: Bulle Sylvaine
Published: May 2014

En Israël où une contestation sociale importante a vu le jour dans le contexte des « Printemps des peuples ». Elle fut marquée par l’apparition de mobilisations non cadrées et d’espaces inédits de débat et de critique, comme la création d’une assemblée et d’un tribunal du peuple qui s’est tenu à la fin de 2012. Il s’agit, dans cette étude, d’appréhender ces nouveaux engagements en public qui donnent vie au langage ordinaire sans que celui-ci ne soit dénoué de ses fonctions critiques et argumentatives. L’enjeu général consiste à lire ces différentes actions sous le prisme du renouvellement de la critique sociale. Un enjeu particulier consiste à se demander dans quelle mesure et par quelles voies ces « indignations ordinaires » (au sens où la critique est « prise » dans l’environnement quotidien des acteurs) peuvent être des indignations radicales, portant sur une remise en question les institutions. L’article porte en particulier sur le tribunal du peuple qui s’est tenu en 2011 en Israël, dans le sillage du soulèvement populaire.
La participation sociale et politique des enfants : une ethnographie de pratiques ordinaires qui embarrassent les adultes
Authors: Zotian Elsa
Published: May 2014

Si les conseils d’enfants, reflet du nouvel idéal démocratique de participation des plus jeunes, se multiplient, les modalités informelles et diffuses de participation politique et sociale des enfants restent peu connues. Cet article propose d’analyser des situations où les enfants mettent en oeuvre des styles de participation politique « à bas bruit » qui provoquent parfois l’embarras des adultes. À partir d’un terrain d’enquête mené auprès d’enfants âgés de 8 à 12 ans et grandissant dans des familles migrantes populaires, sera proposée une ethnographie des pratiques consistant à rejeter les enfants de l’école voisine, se moquer de ses pairs et « faire hala », autant de modalités d’un prendre part singulier faisant intervenir des conceptions du vivre ensemble, des catégorisations et hiérarchisation du social, des formes de résistance qui présentent des écarts par rapport à ce qu’attendent d’eux les adultes de leur environnement.
L’arrière-scène participative dans les quartiers populaires de la ville de Palerme : analyse d’une réalité complexe
Authors: Bucolo Elisabetta
Published: May 2014

L’émergence d’attitudes civiques, qualifiées ainsi au sens où elles dépassent les seuls intérêts individuels, ne peut se penser qu’en relation directe avec les liens entre individus dans leur quotidienneté, car c’est là qu’elles trouvent leurs racines. Cependant, dans les quartiers populaires de ville de Palerme en Sicile (Italie), les formes d’engagement et de participation se confrontent à la présence invasive de la criminalité organisée de type mafieux. Ainsi, il nous a semblé intéressant d’interroger la forme spécifique de l’« arrière-scène » participative dans ces quartiers. Et, plus particulièrement, le rôle qu’y jouent les habitants et les associations qui gèrent des centres sociaux polyvalents, pour élargir et généraliser la participation civique, des lieux interpersonnels aux lieux institutionnels et systémiques.
Participation citoyenne au Mali : entre mobilisation associative et engagement politique
Authors: Kuepie Mathias , Sougane Arouna
Published: May 2014

Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous analysons l’engagement citoyen au Mali. Pour ce faire, nous commençons par discuter du concept de la société civile qui lui est associé. Ensuite, nous mobilisons deux sources de données (les données de l’Enquête légère intégrée auprès des ménages maliens de 2006 et les rapports administratifs des élections nationales) afin d’analyser la participation à la vie politique et associative. Les résultats montrent que même si la plupart des Maliens ont déjà participé à des activités politiques, la participation aux scrutins, qui constitue un moment majeur, n’est que l’apanage d’une faible minorité. Un autre résultat interpellant est que ce sont les catégories sociales favorisées qui participent plus aux activités politiques alors que les moins favorisées sont plus nombreuses à participer à la vie associative. Enfin, la participation associative semble favoriser la participation politique, sûrement parce que participer à des activités associatives peut faire émerger la conscience politique, mais aussi probablement parce que participer à des associations peut permettre d’accroître son influence politique.