bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Discrimination of Canadian Honey Using Quantitative NMR and Multivariate Statistical Methods
Authors: Burton Ian W. , Kompany-Zareh Mohsen , Haverstock Sophie , Haché Jonathan , Martinez-Farina Camilo F. , Wentzell Peter D. , Berrué Fabrice
Published: February 2023

To address the growing concern of honey adulteration in Canada and globally, a quantitative NMR method was developed to analyze 424 honey samples collected across Canada as part of two surveys in 2018 and 2019 led by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Based on a robust and reproducible methodology, NMR data were recorded in triplicate on a 700 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a cryoprobe, and the data analysis led to the identification and quantification of 33 compounds characteristic of the chemical composition of honey. The high proportion of Canadian honey in the library provided a unique opportunity to apply multivariate statistical methods including PCA, PLS-DA, and SIMCA in order to differentiate Canadian samples from the rest of the world. Through satisfactory model validation, both PLS-DA as a discriminant modeling technique and SIMCA as a class modeling method proved to be reliable at differentiating Canadian honey from a diverse set of honeys with various countries of origins and floral types. The replacement method of optimization was successfully applied for variable selection, and trigonelline, proline, and ethanol at a lower extent were identified as potential chemical markers for the discrimination of Canadian and non-Canadian honeys.
Glucosinolates and Cytotoxic Activity of Collard Volatiles Obtained Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction
Authors: Đulović Azra , Burčul Franko , Čikeš Čulić Vedrana , Rollin Patrick , Blažević Ivica
Published: February 2023

Glucosinolates (GSLs) in Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. viridis (collard) flower, leaf, stem, and root were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively via their desulfo-counterparts using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Twelve GSLs were identified, including Met-derived GSLs (sinigrin, glucoibervirin, glucoerucin, glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, progoitrin), Trp-derived GSLs (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin), and Phe-derived GSLs (glucotropaeolin and gluconasturtiin). Total GSL content was highest in the root, having 63.40 μmol/g dried weight (DW), with gluconasturtiin (34.02 μmol/g DW) as the major GSL, followed by sinigrin and glucoibervirin (12.43 and 7.65 μmol/g DW, respectively). Total GSL contents in the flower, leaf, and stem were lower than in root, having 6.27, 2.64, and 1.84 μmol/g DW, respectively, with Trp and/or Met-derived GSLs as the predominant ones. GSL breakdown products were obtained via microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and volatile breakdown products were analyzed using GC-MS techniques. Volatile isolates were tested for their cytotoxic activity using MTT assay. MHG volatile extract from the root demonstrated the best cytotoxic activity against human bladder cancer cell line T24 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 during an incubation time of 72 h (IC50 21.58, and 11.62 μg/mL, respectively). The activity of the root extract can be attributed to its major volatile, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (gluconasturtiin breakdown product).
Photonic Integrated Circuits for Passive Optical Networks: Outlook and Case Study of Integrated Quasi-Coherent Receiver
Authors: Rodrigues Francisco , Rodrigues Carla , Santos João , Rodrigues Cláudio , Teixeira António
Published: February 2023

Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) are taking a major role in the telecommunications and datacenter markets. The increased complexity of coexisting and fast evolving standards for Passive Optical Networks (PONs) suggests the introduction of PICs will be the next step in PON related optoelectronics. The PICs ecosystem has greatly matured in the past years, becoming a solution that can cope with the requirements of industry and academia, and presenting the flexibility of combining multiple platforms available towards viable commercial solutions. In this review, the evolution of PONs and PICs is presented, with a focus on the optoelectronic integration of PICs for PONs and coherent PONs. To demonstrate the potential of PICs and their combination with electronics, a quasi-coherent receiver based on co-hosted PIC and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is presented and characterized.
Numerical Analysis of Structural Color for Photonic Crystal Hydrogel
Authors: Guo Jiong , Meng Zihui , Qiao Yu , Li Bingquan
Published: February 2023

Photonic crystal has become a powerful technique for regulating electromagnetic waves due to its excellent features, such as structure designability and dynamic adjustability; in addition, it has great application value. In this paper, we visualize colors on the Ostwald color model and analyze the color differences of each group of color patches via the minimum color difference model. The manipulation law of particle size, temperature, and humidity on the color change of photonic crystal hydrogel is verified by these color analyses.
Monthly Variation in Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Red Alga Dulse (Devaleraea inkyuleei, Formerly Palmaria palmata in Japan)
Authors: Yamamoto Ryuya , Mune Mune Martin Alain , Miyabe Yoshikatsu , Kishimura Hideki , Kumagai Yuya
Published: February 2023

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are natural ultraviolet-absorbing compounds found in microalgae and macroalgae. MAA content changes seasonally and in response to environmental factors. We previously investigated MAAs from the red alga dulse (Devaleraea inkyuleei, formerly Palmaria palmata in Japan) in Usujiri, Hokkaido, Japan, from 2019 to 2020. At that time, some factors affecting MAA content were still unclear. In this study, we investigated MAA variation during the period from January to June 2021, and evaluated new methods of MAA extraction from dulse. We recorded a maximum MAA extraction yield (7.03 µmol/g dry weight) on 25 March 2021. Over the course of our three years of investigations from 2019 to 2021, we found that dulse was most suitable for MAA preparation from the middle of February to late April. In the later work reported in this paper, we improved our extraction method by using a lower-risk organic solvent (ethanol) rather than methanol. In addition, we evaluated MAA extraction using different levels of ethanol concentration (25, 50, and 99%) and different extraction times (2, 6, and 24 h). We found that extraction with 25% ethanol for 24 h increased MAA content by a factor of 3.2, compared with our previous extraction method. In summary, we determined the most suitable sampling period for Usujiri dulse, to extract the highest content of MAAs. We also improved the effectiveness of the extraction process.
The Effect of Temperature on the Growth of Holopelagic Sargassum Species
Authors: Magaña-Gallegos Edén , Villegas-Muñoz Eva , Salas-Acosta Evelyn Raquel , Barba-Santos M. Guadalupe , Silva Rodolfo , van Tussenbroek Brigitta I.
Published: February 2023

Holopelagic Sargassum species have bloomed recurrently in the northern tropical Atlantic since 2011, causing socioeconomic and environmental problems. Little is known about their basic biology and responses to the abiotic environment. The aim of this study was to determine how temperature affects the growth rates of the genotypes S. fluitans III, S. natans I, and S. natans VIII that predominate in these blooms. The growth rates were evaluated in specially designed ex situ systems between 22 and 31 °C, which corresponds with the natural temperature range of these seaweeds in the northern tropical Atlantic. All the genotypes had decreased growth rates at 31 °C, and they varied in their response to temperature, with S. fluitans III presenting a maximal rate of 0.096 doublings· day−1 (doubling its weight in 10.5 d) at 28 °C and S. natans VIII a minimal rate of 0.045 doublings· day−1 (doubling its weight in 22.2 d) at 31 °C. In addition, the response to the temperature varied depending on the time of the year. Understanding the role of temperature in the growth of holopelagic Sargassum genotypes, amongst other factors influencing their physiology (such as nutrients, salinity tolerance, or light, including their interactions), could help to understand the dynamics of the recent blooms in the tropical North Atlantic.
Wnt Signaling in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Health and Disease
Authors: Taheri Negar , Choi Egan L. , Nguyen Vy Truong Thuy , Chandra Abhishek , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: February 2023

Wnt signaling involves multiple pathways that contribute to organ development, cell fate, inflammation, and normal stem cell renewal and maintenance. Although the homeostasis of stem cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract highly depends on the Wnt signaling pathway, this regulation is impaired in cancers and in aging. Overactive (uncontrolled) Wnt signaling can induce GI epithelial cancers such as colon and gastric cancer. Overactive Wnt signaling can also contribute to the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, which is the most common human sarcoma occurring in the walls of the digestive organs, mainly the stomach and small intestine. Wnt expression is positively associated not only with the progression of oncogenesis but also with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, recent reports show that decreased Wnt signaling is related to intestinal stem cell aging and that overactivated Wnt signaling leads to gastric pacemaker stem cell aging in tunica muscularis. These findings indicate that Wnt signaling has different crucial aspects of cell fate determination with age in GI tunica mucosa and muscularis. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of Wnt signaling pathways and their role in regulating key aspects during development, carcinogenesis, inflammation, and aging, with the ultimate goal of identifying novel therapies.
Simulation Prediction and Experiment of Brittle Damage of Cemented Carbide Microgroove Turning Tools Based on Peridynamics
Authors: Ren Zhongwei , Jiang Hongwan , Zou Zhongfei , Yuan Sen
Published: February 2023

Brittle damage is a key factor restricting tool life extension. The peridynamic (PD) theory was applied to explain and predict the brittle damage of the near-field of the cutting edge of a cemented carbide microgroove turning tool (CCMTT) for the first time in this study, and the PD modeling of the complex surface was realized. The results showed that the PD modeling accuracy of the CCMTT can reach ±3.4%. The displacement of material points in the near-field of the cutting edge of the CCMTT is caused by the combined effect of the external load and the internal interaction force, and the former is dominant. There is no linear relationship between the displacement and the calculation time; instead, there are fluctuations and a maximum increase in the material point displacement in the main cutting direction. Only microdisplacements of material points in the near-field of the cutting edge occur under the given cutting conditions. The accumulation of microcracks caused by microdisplacement does not reach the transition threshold to form macrocracks. This agrees well with the experimental results, and the relative error can be controlled within 3.2%.
Multitier Web System Reliability: Identifying Causative Metrics and Analyzing Performance Anomaly Using a Regression Model
Authors: Kim Sundeuk , Kim Jong Seon , In Hoh Peter
Published: February 2023

With the development of the Internet and communication technologies, the types of services provided by multitier Web systems are becoming more diverse and complex compared to those of the past. Ensuring a continuous availability of business services is crucial for multitier Web system providers, as service performance issues immediately affect customer experience and satisfaction. Large companies attempt to monitor the system performance indicator (SPI) that summarizes the status of multitier Web systems to detect performance anomalies at an early stage. However, the current anomaly detection methods are designed to monitor a single specific SPI. Moreover, the existing approaches consider performance anomaly detection and its root cause analysis separately, thereby aggravating the burden of resolving the performance anomaly. To support the system provider in diagnosing the performance anomaly, we propose an advanced causative metric analysis (ACMA) framework. First, we draw out 191 performance metrics (PMs) closely related to the target SPI. Among these PMs, the ACMA determines 62 vital PMs that have the most influence on the variance of the target SPI using several statistical methods. Then, we implement a performance anomaly detection model to identify the causative metrics (CMs) between the vital PMs using random forest regression. Even if the target SPI changes, our detection model does not require any change in its model structure and can derive closely related PMs of the target SPI. Based on our experiments, wherein we applied the ACMA to the business services in an enterprise system, we observed that the proposed ACMA could correctly detect various performance anomalies and their CMs.
Fast Image Super-Resolution Using Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Zhou Chaowei , Xiong Aimin
Published: February 2023

Image super-resolution based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is a hot topic in image processing. However, image super-resolution faces significant challenges in practical applications. Improving its performance on lightweight architectures is important for real-time super-resolution. In this paper, a joint algorithm consisting of modified particle swarm optimization (SMCPSO) and fast super-resolution convolutional neural networks (FSRCNN) is proposed. In addition, a mutation mechanism for particle swarm optimization (PSO) was obtained. Specifically, the SMCPSO algorithm was introduced to optimize the weights and bias of the CNNs, and the aggregation degree of the particles was adjusted adaptively by a mutation mechanism to ensure the global searching ability of the particles and the diversity of the population. The results showed that SMCPSO-FSRCNN achieved the most significant improvement, being about 4.84% better than the FSRCNN model, using the BSD100 data set at a scale factor of 2. In addition, a chest X-ray super-resolution images classification test experiment was conducted, and the experimental results demonstrated that the reconstruction ability of this model could improve the classification accuracy by 13.46%; in particular, the precision and recall rate of COVID-19 were improved by 45.3% and 6.92%, respectively.
Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Semiconductor Wafer Bin Map Classification
Authors: Shin Eunmi , Yoo Chang D.
Published: February 2023

The results obtained in the wafer test process are expressed as a wafer map and contain important information indicating whether each chip on the wafer is functioning normally. The defect patterns shown on the wafer map provide information about the process and equipment in which the defect occurred, but automating pattern classification is difficult to apply to actual manufacturing sites unless processing speed and resource efficiency are supported. The purpose of this study was to classify these defect patterns with a small amount of resources and time. To this end, we explored an efficient convolutional neural network model that can incorporate three properties: (1) state-of-the-art performances, (2) less resource usage, and (3) faster processing time. In this study, we dealt with classifying nine types of frequently found defect patterns: center, donut, edge-location, edge-ring, location, random, scratch, near-full type, and None type using open dataset WM-811K. We compared classification performance, resource usage, and processing time using EfficientNetV2, ShuffleNetV2, MobileNetV2 and MobileNetV3, which are the smallest and latest light-weight convolutional neural network models. As a result, the MobileNetV3-based wafer map pattern classifier uses 7.5 times fewer parameters than ResNet, and the training speed is 7.2 times and the inference speed is 4.9 times faster, while the accuracy is 98% and the F1 score is 89.5%, achieving the same level. Therefore, it can be proved that it can be used as a wafer map classification model without high-performance hardware in an actual manufacturing system.
Intracranial Granular Cell Tumours in Three Dogs: Atypical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Mayor Clàudia , Verdés Judit , Alomar Jaume , Novellas Rosa , Pumarola Martí , Añor Sònia
Published: February 2023

Intracranial granular cell tumours (GCT) are uncommon neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin that are rarely reported in dogs. This case series describes three aged dogs that presented with neurological signs in which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed plaquelike extra-axial lesions that were hypointense on T2-weighted (T2w) images. The surgical biopsy of the lesions and necropsies were followed by histochemical characterisation with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry with ubiquitin, S-100, and SOX-10 to elucidate the cellular origin. The immunohistochemical study indicated that these intracranial GCTs were not of Schwann cell origin. In conclusion, GCTs should be considered a differential diagnosis of intracranial, extra-axial hypointense brain lesions on T2w MR images.
Proximal Policy Optimization Based Intelligent Energy Management for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus Considering Battery Thermal Characteristic
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Li Tao , Cui Wei , Cui Naxin
Published: February 2023

As the performances of energy management strategy (EMS) are essential for a plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB) to operate in an efficient way. The proximal policy optimization (PPO) based multi-objective EMS considering the battery thermal characteristic is proposed for PHEB, aiming to improve vehicle energy saving performance while ensuring the battery State of Charge (SOC) and temperature within a rational range. Since these three objectives are contradictory to each other, the optimal tradeoff between multiple objectives is realized by intelligently adjusting the weights in the training process. Compared with original PPO-based EMSs without considering battery thermal dynamics, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies in battery thermal management. Results indicate that the proposed strategies can obtain the minimum energy consumption, fastest computing speed, and lowest battery temperature in comparison with other RL-based EMSs. Regarding dynamic programming (DP) as the benchmark, the PPO-based EMSs can achieve similar fuel economy and outstanding computation efficiency. Furthermore, the adaptability and robustness of the proposed methods are confirmed in UDDS, WVUSUB and real driving cycle.
Risks of implementation of investment-and-construction projects, influencing their cost
Authors:   Moscow state university of civil engineering, Pavlova A. V.
Published: February 2023

The author offers the expanded classification of risks by phases of the project lifecycle and subjects of investment activities, taking into account the development of project financing. High-quality preparation of the design estimates and construction contracts; application of guarantees; limitation; hedging; insurance; use of the special settlement accounts of the project company allowing to exercise strict control of target use of financial resources of the project (escrow account); other tools allowing to reduce the probability of negative consequences, are named as the most effective instruments of minimization and protection against risks.
DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC IMPORT SUBSTITUTION DIRECTIONS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE FEED AND FEED ADDITIVES MARKET IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Bozhenko E.S. , Fursova A.V. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the market of feed and feed additives within the current issue of self-sufficiency and import substitution in the Russian economy. The article provides a comparative analysis of the European and Russian agricultural markets, examines their strengths and weaknesses. The barriers of the Russian feed and feed additives market are identified, the consequences of their influence are described, and recommendations are formulated to overcome negative factors.
ABOUT MEASURES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA TO REDUCE POSSIBLE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES WHEN INTRODUCING CROSS-BORDER CARBON REGULATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Russian Foreign Trade Academy Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation, Tikhonova A.A.
Published: February 2023

The article provides an overview of key measures to reduce possible negative consequences for export-oriented chemical industry manufacturers when introducing cross-border carbon regulation in the European Union. The main initiatives on inventory and decarbonization proposed by the expert community are considered. Special attention is paid to the issue of greening the chemical industry within the framework of sustainable development.
THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF INTERNAL FINANCIAL AUDIT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Authors:   Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, Kotlova Yu.A.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the conceptual apparatus of internal financial audit, defines the regulatory aspects of its application, draws an analogy with classical audit, concludes that the process of transformation of the budgetary sphere and the introduction of internal audit into it is inevitable. The internal audit of the reliability of budget statements using a risk-based approach currently acts as a tool that will allow improving the effectiveness of control procedures and preventing possible risks of misinterpretation of economic categories and their subsequent incorrect reflection in the accounting system of budget accounting and reporting. Considering the novelty of the use of internal audit in the public sector, we consider it necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of this category.
INCOME TAX REFORM IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Federal State Public Educational Establishment of Higher Training «Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation», Agafonova E.E.
Published: February 2023

The social orientation and economic significance of income tax gives it a special place in the tax system of the state. Throughout its existence, income taxation has been in constant reform, including in terms of the tax rate. The article provides a periodization of the application of progressive and proportional tax rates in Russia from 1812 to 2021. The modern stage, which is marked by a gradual transition to a progressive tax rate on personal income, is covered in detail. Changes in the direction of raising the tax rate, undertaken in Russia from 2021, will affect only a small share of the country's population so far. However, the initiated reform may lead to a more significant and tangible transformation of the tax rate for taxpayers in the future.
FINANCIAL SECURITY IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   DOSAAF of Russia, Ganin A.V.
Published: February 2023

Financial security in the digital environment is a unique state in which optimal conditions are provided for the expansion of reproduction, economic growth, as well as the growth of the welfare of the population, preserving the integrity and safety of the financial component of the state. The article presents the essence of financial security in the conditions of digital transformation of the national economy, as well as methods and tools to ensure the financial security of the state.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN RURAL AREAS
Authors:   Orel state agrarian University named after N. Parakhina, Volkova A.V.
Published: February 2023

The implementation of program approaches to the development of rural areas has identified areas for improving the quality of life of the population. One of these areas is social infrastructure. The absence of a fixed species specification in scientific works regenerates the possibility of the correct and effective development of the social infrastructure of rural areas. The selected aspect determines the significance of the study. The purpose of writing a scientific article is to consider the development of social infrastructure in rural areas. The following aspects are the result of the scientific research are to the social infrastructure is considered from the position of belonging to rural areas, to the types of social infrastructure are identified, social infrastructure activities are grouped within the framework of the state program for the integrated development of rural areas, to the stages of the model for the development of the social infrastructure of rural areas are formed. The basis of scientific research are the method of theoretical analysis, the method of grouping, the method of species characteristics, the method of legal assessment, the method of data accumulation, the method of schematization of information, the method of graphical perception of information, the method of systematic data.
What influences GPs use of pelvic examination? A qualitative investigation in primary care
Authors: Williams Pauline , Murchie Peter , Cruickshank Maggie E , Bond Christine M , Burton Christopher D
Published: February 2023

Background

Omission of pelvic examination (PE) has been associated with diagnostic delay in women diagnosed with gynaecological cancer. However, PEs are often not carried out by GPs.

Aim

To determine the perceptions of GPs about the role of PEs, the barriers to and facilitators of PEs, and GPs experience of PEs in practice.

Design and setting

Qualitative semi-structured interview study conducted in one health board in Scotland (mixed urban and rural) with an approximate population of 500 000.

Method

Interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone between March and June 2019. Framework analysis used the COM-B behaviour change model concepts of capability, opportunity, and motivation.

Results

Data was compatible with all three domains of the COM-B framework. Capability related to training in and maintenance of skills. These went beyond carrying out the examination to interpreting it reliably. Opportunity related to the clinical environment and the provision of chaperones for intimate examination. Interviewees described a range of motivations towards or against PEs that were unrelated to either capability or opportunity. These all related to providing high-quality care, but this was defined in different ways: doing what is best for the individual, doctors examine, and GPs as pragmatists.

Conclusion

GPs reasons for carrying out, or not carrying out, PEs in women with symptoms potentially indicating cancer are complex. The COM-B framework provides a way of understanding this complexity. Interventions to increase the use of PEs, and critics of its non-use, need to consider these multiple factors.
Conflitos Sociais e áreas protegidas no Brasil: o caso da Rebio Tinguá
Authors: Martins Ana Lucia
Published: February 2023

Este artigo discute as disputas entre diferentes atores sociais pela atribuição de categorias de proteção à natureza em uma área de Mata Atlântica de unidade de conservação na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Os conflitos decorrentes de choques de valores e práticas sobre conservação entre representantes de entidades não governamentais (ONGs), moradores locais, representantes do empreendedorismo turístico e poder público criam uma dinâmica social em que a relação entre preservação da natureza e lazer surge como uma instância mediadora de um modelo de área protegida.
Urine Complement Factor Ba Is Associated with AKI in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Stenson Erin K. , Edelstein Charles L. , You Zhiying , Miyazaki-Anzai Shinobu , Thurman Joshua M. , Dixon Bradley P. , Zappitelli Michael , Goldstein Stuart L. , Akcan Arikan Ayse , Kendrick Jessica
Published: February 2023

Key Points

Complement activation, specifically factor B, is implicated in AKI pathogenesis in animal models.

Urine Ba (an activation fragment of factor B) was significantly higher in critically ill children with stage 3 AKI and sepsis-AKI.

If larger studies show similar association between urine Ba and AKI severity, clinical trials of factor B inhibition are warranted.

Background:

Critically ill children with AKI have high morbidity and mortality rates and lack treatment options. Complement activation is implicated in AKI pathogenesis, which could be treated with complement-targeted therapeutics. We assessed for an association between urine Ba, an activation fragment of the alternative complement pathway, and AKI in a large cohort of critically ill children.

Methods:

A biorepository of children requiring mechanical ventilation was leveraged. AKI was based on pediatric version of the RIFLE criteria—stage 1: 25% decreased eGFR or urine output (UOP) <0.5ml/kg per hour for 8 hours; stage 2: 50% decreased eGFR or UOP <0.5 ml/kg per hour for 16 hours; stage 3: 75% decreased eGFR or UOP <0.3ml/kg per hour for 24 hours or anuric for 12 hours. ELISAs were performed to quantitate urine Ba values. Log Ba was used in ANOVA with pairwise comparison by the Tukey method. Logistic regression was performed to test the association between urine Ba and AKI diagnosis.

Results:

Seventy-three patients were included, of which 56 had AKI: 26 (46%) stage 1, 16 (29%) stage 2, and 14 (25%) stage 3. Ba was significantly higher in patients with stage 3 AKI compared with all other stages. Ba was higher in sepsis-associated AKI compared with non–sepsis-associated AKI. Multivariate analysis included urine Ba, urine IL-18, urine NGAL, sepsis, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality Scores-II (an estimate of illness severity) and showed a significant association between urine Ba and AKI (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 2.20; P 0.007).

Conclusion:

Urine Ba is significantly increased in patients with AKI compared with patients without AKI. In patients with similar illness severity, a doubling of urine Ba level was associated with a 57% increase in AKI diagnosis of any stage. Further studies are needed to study complement inhibition in treatment or prevention of AKI in critically ill children.
O uso da Toxina Botulínica tipo A por farmacêuticos em procedimentos estéticos: revisão narrativa
Authors: Ferreira Beatryz Sousa , Ruiz Ana Carolina , Pereira Érica Rezende , Crispim Leana Ferreira , Araújo Winícius Arildo Ferreira
Published: February 2023

É notável a crescente preocupação com o bem-estar e autoestima, principalmente em manter uma aparência jovial. Neste contexto a toxina botulínica do tipo A é uma substância que vem sendo muito utilizada como alternativa para tratamentos estéticos. O uso dessa substância pelos profissionais farmacêuticos faz parte do campo da farmácia estética que vem evoluindo nas últimas décadas, sendo necessário que este profissional seja especializado e tenha registro no Conselho Regional de Farmácia. A sua aplicação é um procedimento não cirúrgico, minimamente invasivo, estético terapêutico, temporário, dose-dependente, potente, seguro e eficaz, é largamente utilizada no tratamento de rugas dinâmicas, hiperidrose e rosácea. Tem um elevado nível de eficácia e satisfação dos pacientes, cujo efeito pode durar até 6 meses. Neste trabalho realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico com foco nas principais aplicações da toxina botulínica. Pesquisou-se os artigos nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Medline, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico. Para tal estudo, traçou-se como objetivo descrever as suas principais aplicações em procedimentos estéticos ressaltando os seus benefícios. Através deste estudo foi possível concluir que a toxina botulínica do tipo A possui utilidade relevante no tratamento das marcas de expressão resultantes do envelhecimento, bem como, aplicações terapêuticas de grande relevância, e que é de suma importância que cada pessoa busque por profissionais qualificados quando for iniciar um tratamento estético com essa substância.
Educación física, nacionalismo y eugenesia: el club de gimnasia científica, Chile (1924-1929)
Authors: Ovalle Letelier Alex , Briones Molina Daniel Nicolás
Published: February 2023

El trabajo analiza el discurso promovido por los miembros organizadores del Club de Gimnasia Científica entre 1924 y 1929. Para ello se consideran sus estatutos, y documentos conmemorativos de circulación interna, folletos y manuales. La investigación se inserta en un contexto caracterizado por el asociacionismo deportivo y la discusión a nivel nacional sobre las prácticas físicas en los ámbitos educativos, sumado a un contexto de apertura del liberalismo político a principios del siglo XX. Se destaca una la visión integradora conformada por conceptos relativos al nacionalismo, la eugenesia, e ideales de belleza corporal influidos por la cultura occidental.
Voluntarismo revolucionario y racionalidad política. Un caso en Entre Ríos hacia 1830
Authors: Herrero Fabián
Published: February 2023

Las décadas de 1810 y 1820 son conocidas bajo el signo de la “anarquía entrerriana”. La historiografía del periodo ha mencionado, pero no analizado suficientemente esas recurrentes alteraciones de poder. El presente trabajo explora, en particular, aspectos ligados a la organización de la irrupción militar producida en noviembre de 1830, completando otros estudios que hemos escrito sobre este episodio. Como sucede en otros casos parecidos, he tratado de mostrar, a modo de hipótesis, que se presenta una combinación de racionalidad política y de voluntarismo. Su particularidad es que, en esa combinación, el último aspecto resulta predominante. En esta línea, importa comprender, los elementos que hacen a la organización del movimiento, entre otros, qué recursos emplean, como se comunican, qué dificultades se presentan. Las fuentes utilizadas son variadas. Las principales son el intercambio epistolar entre los revolucionarios y los fondos de gobierno del Archivo de la provincia de Entre Ríos y el fondo Urquiza del Archivo General de la Nación.
Adaptasi dan Implementasi Prinsip-Prinsip Desain Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Daring Oleh Calon Guru Matematika
Authors: Kristanto Yosep Dwi , Sulistyani Niluh , Utomo Beni
Published: February 2023

Prinsip-prinsip desain pembelajaran jarak jauh daring yang telah dikembangkan pada penelitian sebelumnya perlu diselidiki proses adaptasi dan implementasinya. Proses tersebut memberikan wawasan penting untuk memperhalus dan memperbaiki prinsip-prinsip tersebut agar semakin sesuai dengan konteks pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses adaptasi dan implementasi prinsip-prinsip desain pembelajaran jarak jauh daring oleh para calon guru. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang didasarkan pada model teori aktivitas. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap tantangan-tantangan yang dialami oleh para calon guru dalam mengadaptasi dan mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip desain pembelajaran jarak jauh daring. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa komunitas di sekitar calon guru memiliki peran yang penting dalam mendukungnya untuk mendesain dan mengimplementasikan pembelajaran jarak jauh daring.
Validitas Instrumen Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Berdasarkan Teori FRISCO
Authors: Lukman Hamidah Suryani , Setiani Ana , Agustiani Nur
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis validitas isi instrumen tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa SMP menggunakan indikator FRISCO sebagai alah satu alternatif solusi untuk membantu guru mewujudkan pembelajaran yang mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir ktitis matematis siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development dengan model ADDIE. Namun pada artikel ini tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan terbatas hanya sampai tahap ADD (Analysis, Design, dan Development). Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi instrumen yang terdiri dari tiga aspek penilaian yaitu penilaian kelayakan isi, penilaian aspek bahasa, dan penilaian kesesuaian butir soal dengan indikator FRISCO yang disajikan dalam 26 pertanyaan. Proses validasi dilakukan oleh lima orang Ahli Pendidikan Matematika menggunakan Teknik delphi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, produk instrumen tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dengan teori FRISCO, 92% telah memenuhi kriteria penilaian kelayakan isi dan tergolong kategori sangat valid. Pada aspek kelayakan bahasa, 86,60% kriteria penilaian sudah terpenuhi dan tergolong kategori sangat valid. Pada aspek kesesuaian butir soal dengan indikator FRISCO, 92,20% kriteria penilaian sudah terpenuhi dan tergolong kategori sangat valid. Dengan demikian, secara keseluruhan 90,20% kriteria penilaian kelayakan instrumen tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan teori FRISCO sudah terpenuhi dan tergolong kategori sangat valid, serta layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran
Persepsi Guru Matematika Terhadap Kemampuannya dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Gusmawan Dendy , Herman Tatang
Published: February 2023

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi telah menetapkan kurikulum baru bagi pendidikan dasar dan menengah yang akan mulai diterapkan pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Walaupun belum bersifat wajib, namun Dinas Pendidikan Kota Bandung menganjurkan beberapa instansi pendidikan untuk menerapkan kurikulum merdeka sebagai upaya mengatasai dampak Pandemi Covid-19. Namun faktanya, para guru menghadapi beberapa tantangan dalam menerapkan perubahan dari Kurikulum 2013 menjasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Salah satunya adalah guru Matematika. Hal ini dikarenakan guru harus menyajikan pembelajaran yang kontekstual, relevan, dan fleksibel. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa persepsi guru Matematika pada jenjang SMP di Kota Bandung terhadap kemampuannya mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka berada padak kategori cukup. Namun, guru masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menyusun asesmen dan evaluasi khususnya dalam penyusunan asesmen pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kurikulum merdeka.
Mode analysis of GaN two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities undercut by photo-electrochemical etching
Authors: Tajiri T. , Yoshida M. , Sosumi S. , Shimoyoshi K. , Uchida K.
Published: February 2023

GaN two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal nanocavities with a single embedded InGaN quantum well are undercut by photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching and optically characterized to investigate the fundamental mode. The PEC etching selectively removes an InGaN-based sacrificial layer to form air-suspended GaN photonic crystal cavity slabs. We investigated the resonant modes of the photonic crystal nanocavities by micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy measurement at room temperature. The wavelengths of the measured resonant peaks and their dependence on the photonic crystal period agreed well with numerical analysis, allowing us to determine the fundamental mode in the measured spectra. The highest quality factor for the fundamental mode reached 3400 at blue wavelengths. This work would contribute to the improvement of GaN 2D photonic crystal nanocavities using PEC etching as well as their applications towards integrated light sources in visible wavelengths.
Axial transmission technique for screening bucked shin in a horse leg
Authors: Tsubata Taisei , Suzuyama Hidehisa , Chiba Ko , Mita Hiroshi , Tamura Norihisa , Matsukawa Mami
Published: February 2023

For the safe and simple screening of equine leg bones, we applied an ultrasonic axial transmission (AT) technique to an equine bone sample with a weak bucked shin. Both experimental and simulation studies have been conducted. To simulate by the finite-difference time-domain method, a digital model of the equine leg bone was fabricated. The experimental and simulation results showed a similar tendency. The obtained apparent wave velocities in the axial direction were almost constant in the healthy part but strongly fluctuated in the bucked shin part because of the small surface irregularities. The standard deviation values of the wave velocities in the bucked shin parts were large. These results indicate that a weak bucked shin in the equine leg bone may be screened clinically by a simple evaluation of velocity fluctuation using the AT technique.
Comprehensive studies on deep learning applicable to TCAD
Authors: Myung Sanghoon , Choi Byungseon , Jang Wonik , Kim Jinwoo , Huh In , Choe Jae Myung , Kim Young-Gu , Kim Dae Sin
Published: February 2023

Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation has incessantly solved many complex problems, but it becomes demanding that alternatives be found because TCAD simulation cannot provide precise and fast prediction in the nano-scale era. With the success story of deep learning in research area, many big data companies have attempted to introduce deep learning to support or replace TCAD simulation. The reason is deep learning models have great potential that solves the problems of the TCAD simulation in terms of execution time and coverage. This paper aims to describe various scenarios of deep learning applicable to TCAD. We first describe an application that supplies TCAD data to the deep learning model although TCAD simulation is not calibrated. We then review various approaches that mimic TCAD simulation itself. We finally introduce an application that deep learning model automatically calibrates TCAD models to the measurement without experts. In each scenario, we review the related papers and compare pros and cons.
Does the volume of the naso and oropharynx differ among individuals of different skeletal and breathing patterns? a study using cbct images
Authors: Miranda-Viana Murilo , Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Farias Gomes Amanda , Helena Machado Alessiana , Nejaim Yuri
Published: February 2023

Aim: To investigate if the volumes of the naso and oropharynx have a relationship with sex, skeletal pattern, and breathing pattern. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 298 individuals (144 men and 154 women) were classified according to skeletal malocclusion (Class I, II, or III), facial type (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, or dolichocephalic), and breathing pattern (nasal or oral breathing). The volumes of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and total volume (combination of the volumes of the naso and oropharynx) of each individual was calculated through semiautomatic segmentation with ITK-SNAP software. The images were assessed by two dentomaxillofacial radiologists independently. Multi-way analysis of variance compared the data at a significance level of 5% (α=0.05). Results: Intra- and interevaluator agreement values ranged from 0.96 to 0.98, and from 0.77 to 0.94, respectively. The volume of the nasopharynx was related to sex, with men showing greater volumes than women (p=0.0197). For the oropharynx, brachycephalic individuals had greater volumes than dolichocephalics (p=0.0423); mesocephalic individuals showed intermediate volumes and did not differ from the other types (p>0.05). Skeletal malocclusion and breathing pattern did not have an association with the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and total volume (p>0.05). Conclusions: The volumes of the nasopharynx and oropharynx differ between individuals of different sexes and facial types, respectively. Conversely, there is no relationship between the volume of these regions and the skeletal malocclusions and breathing patterns.
Emotions, Vulnerability, and Dependency in Student Research Abroad: An Ethics of Care Toolkit
Authors: MacCartney Danielle , Parsons Kate
Published: February 2023

While leading students to Thailand for an eight-week undergraduate research experience, we observed challenges in stacking the high-impact practices of study abroad and undergraduate research and became compelled by the usefulness of an Ethics of Care approach to facilitate the kind of transformation these practices can have for students. We observed students during the trip and conducted interviews with them after the trip. From those observations and interviews, we conclude that Care Ethics is particularly helpful for mitigating the risks of emotional exhaustion, for navigating dependency and vulnerability, and for re-framing student difficulties in positively transformative ways. Faculty can facilitate the advantages of high-impact practices by: treating emotions as pedagogical sources for learning; acknowledging dependencies; identifying vulnerabilities; devoting attention to how public and private spaces are framed; and cultivating care as a feminist and anti-racist practice.
Abstract in Spanish
 Mientras guiábamos a un grupo de estudiantes a Tailandia para una experiencia de investigación de pregrado, observamos desafíos al combinar prácticas de alto impacto. Combinabamos los estudios en el extranjero e investigación de pregrado, y para enfrentar los desafios que surgieron, adoptamos un enfoque de ética del cuidado. Observamos a los estudiantes durante el viaje y realizamos entrevistas con ellos después del viaje. A partir de esas observaciones y entrevistas, concluimos que la ética del cuidado es particularmente útil para mitigar los riesgos del agotamiento emocional, para navegar por la dependencia y la vulnerabilidad, y para reformular las dificultades de los estudiantes de manera positivamente transformadora. El profesorado puede facilitar las ventajas de las prácticas de alto impacto al: considerar las emociones como fuentes pedagógicas para el aprendizaje; reconocimento de las dependencias; identificación de las vulnerabilidades; atención a cómo se enmarcan los espacios públicos y privados; y cultivo del cuidado como práctica feminista y antirracista.
Anything Students Can Learn, Staff and Faculty Can Learn Too: Intercultural Learning in Staff and Faculty Study Abroad
Authors: Buntain Leighton
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of intercultural learning modules introduced to a faculty and staff study abroad program. Using data from 2014-2018 of Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) scores, this study compared control (2014-2015) and treatment (2016-2018) IDI mean score differences due to the new modules introduced in 2016. The results indicate that the introduction of five intercultural learning modules and individualized goal-setting led to positive IDI growth in comparison with the control group. Despite program participants of all years taking part in daily journaling with program mentors, these results suggest that participating in intercultural learning modules before, during, and after travel and setting individualized intercultural goals were key to intercultural learning. In addition, this study provides evidence that best practices for student study abroad programs can also be applied to faculty and staff intercultural professional development.