bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical mapping of the 22q11.2DS region reveals complex repeat structures and preferred locations for non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR)
Authors: Pastor Steven , Tran Oanh , Jin Andrea , Carrado Danielle , Silva Benjamin A. , Uppuluri Lahari , Abid Heba Z. , Young Eleanor , Crowley T. Blaine , Bailey Alice G. , McGinn Daniel E. , McDonald-McGinn Donna M. , Zackai Elaine H. , Xie Michael , Taylor Deanne , Morrow Bernice E. , Xiao Ming , Emanuel Beverly S.
Published: July 2020

The most prevalent microdeletion in humans occurs at 22q11.2, a region rich in chromosome-specific low copy repeats (LCR22s). The structure of this region has defied elucidation due to its size, regional complexity, and haplotype diversity, and is not well represented in the human genome reference. Most individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) carry a de novo hemizygous deletion of ~ 3 Mbp occurring by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) mediated by LCR22s. In this study, optical mapping has been used to elucidate LCR22 structure and variation in 88 individuals in thirty 22q11.2DS families to uncover potential risk factors for germline rearrangements leading to 22q11.2DS offspring. Families were optically mapped to characterize LCR22 structures, NAHR locations, and genomic signatures associated with the deletion. Bioinformatics analyses revealed clear delineations between LCR22 structures in normal and deletion-containing haplotypes. Despite no explicit whole-haplotype predisposing configurations being identified, all NAHR events contain a segmental duplication encompassing FAM230 gene members suggesting preferred recombination sequences. Analysis of deletion breakpoints indicates that preferred recombinations occur between FAM230 and specific segmental duplication orientations within LCR22A and LCR22D, ultimately leading to NAHR. This work represents the most comprehensive analysis of 22q11.2DS NAHR events demonstrating completely contiguous LCR22 structures surrounding and within deletion breakpoints.
Control of the galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio in co-fermentation using engineered Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Seong Hyeon Jeong , Woo Ji Eun , Jang Yu-Sin
Published: July 2020

Marine biomasses capable of fixing carbon dioxide have attracted attention as an alternative to fossil resources for fuel and chemical production. Although a simple co-fermentation of fermentable sugars, such as glucose and galactose, has been reported from marine biomass, no previous report has discussed the fine-control of the galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio in this context. Here, we sought to finely control the galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio in the co-fermentation of these sugars using engineered Escherichia coli strains. Toward this end, we constructed E. coli strains GR2, GR2P, and GR2PZ by knocking out galRS, galRS-pfkA, and galRS-pfkA-zwf, respectively, in parent strain W3110. We found that strains W3110, GR2, GR2P, and GR2PZ achieved 0.03, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.17 galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio (specific galactose consumption rate per specific glucose consumption rate), respectively, during co-fermentation. The ratio was further extended to 0.67 by integration of a brief process optimization for initial sugar ratio using GR2P strain. The strategy reported in this study will be helpful to expand our knowledge on the galactose utilization under glucose conditions.
A residual-based deep learning approach for ghost imaging
Authors: Bian Tong , Yi Yuxuan , Hu Jiale , Zhang Yin , Wang Yide , Gao Lu
Published: July 2020

Ghost imaging using deep learning (GIDL) is a kind of computational quantum imaging method devised to improve the imaging efficiency. However, among most proposals of GIDL so far, the same set of random patterns were used in both the training and test set, leading to a decrease of the generalization ability of networks. Thus, the GIDL technique can only reconstruct the profile of the image of the object, losing most of the details. Here we optimize the simulation algorithm of ghost imaging (GI) by introducing the concept of “batch” into the pre-processing stage. It can significantly reduce the data acquisition time and create reliable simulation data. The generalization ability of GIDL has been appreciably enhanced. Furthermore, we develop a residual-based framework for the GI system, namely the double residual U-Net (DRU-Net). The imaging quality of GI has been tripled in the evaluation of the structural similarity index by our proposed DRU-Net.
Functional lupus anticoagulant testing in a large retrospective cohort of thrombosis patients with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Reda Sara , Brügelmann Anna , Müller Jens , Oldenburg Johannes , Pötzsch Bernd , Rühl Heiko
Published: July 2020

Functional tests for lupus anticoagulants (LA) as part of a thrombophilia workup are commonly performed in patients under anticoagulant therapy that may interfere with assay results. There is no consensus on how these tests should be assessed in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed data from patients with a history of thrombosis in whom dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT), LA-sensitive aPTT, and solid phase assays for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were performed (n = 3,147, thereof 588 on rivaroxaban, 144 on apixaban, 1,179 on other anticoagulant drugs). The dRVVT ratio was correlated with rivaroxaban (r = 0.30, P < 10–4) but not with apixaban plasma levels. The LA-sensitive aPTT/aPTT ratio showed no correlation with DOAC levels. Correspondingly, the rate of patients with abnormal dRVVT test was significantly higher (P < 10–4) under rivaroxaban (88%) than in thrombosis patients without anticoagulant medication (6%), independent from their aPL plasma levels. No isolated positive results of functional LA testing in patients on anticoagulants could be confirmed in repeated testing after discontinuation of the medication (n = 40). These data indicate that rivaroxaban should be discontinued before functional LA testing is performed. However, viable interpretation of these tests appears to be less affected in patients on apixaban.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by fabricating novel heteroaggregates of montmorillonite microparticles with nanoscale zero-valent iron
Authors: Yin Yaru , Shen Chongyang , Bi Xiaoyuan , Li Tiantian
Published: July 2020

This study fabricated novel heteroaggregates of montmorillonite (Mt) microparticles with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) (Mt-nZVI) and examined the removal of Cr(VI) by the Mt-nZVI through batch experiments. Spherical nZVI particles were synthesized by the liquid phase reduction method, which were then attached on the flat Mt surfaces in monolayer. The fabricated Mt-nZVI had similar removal efficiency for Cr(VI) compared to the monodispersed nZVI particles, but was much greater than that of nZVI aggregates. The removal efficiency of Mt-nZVI increased with decreasing its dosage and increasing initial Cr(VI) concentration, whereas had insignificant change with solution pH. The removal of Cr(VI) by Mt-nZVI was well described by the pseudo second-order kinetics and the Langmuir equilibrium model. The removal was spontaneous and exothermic, which was mainly due to chemsorption rather than intra-particle diffusion according to calculation of change in free energy and enthalpy and Weber–Morris model simulations. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the adsorption was likely due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by Fe(0) and co-precipitation in the form of oxide-hydroxide of Fe(III) and Cr(III). The fabricated Mt-nZVI showed the promise for in-situ soil remediation due to both high removal efficiency and great mobility in porous media.
Author Correction: Tropical forest soil carbon stocks do not increase despite 15 years of doubled litter inputs
Authors: Sayer Emma J. , Lopez-Sangil Luis , Crawford John A. , Bréchet Laëtitia M. , Birkett Ali J. , Baxendale Catherine , Castro Biancolini , Rodtassana Chadtip , Garnett Mark H. , Weiss Lena , Schmidt Michael W. I.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Red light-triggered photoreduction on a nucleic acid template
Authors: Dutta Subrata , Rühle Jennifer , Schikora Margot , Deussner-Helfmann Nina , Heilemann Mike , Zatsepin Timofei , Duchstein Patrick , Zahn Dirk , Knör Günther , Mokhir Andriy
Published: July 2020

Conjugate Sn(iv)(pyropheophorbide a)dichloride–(peptide nucleic acid) catalyzes reduction of azobenzene derivatives in the presence of complementary nucleic acid (NA) upon irridiation with red light (660 nm)
A systematic study on the discrepancy of fluorescence properties between in solutions and in cells: super-bright, environment-insensitive benzocoumarin dyes
Authors: Reo Ye Jin , Jun Yong Woong , Cho Seo Won , Jeon Jinseong , Roh Hajung , Singha Subhankar , Dai Mingchong , Sarkar Sourav , Kim Hye Rim , Kim Sojeong , Jin Yusung , Jung Yun Lim , Yang Yun Jae , Ban Changil , Joo Jinmyoung , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: July 2020

The benzocoumarins show distinctive emission behaviour from some commonly-used dyes in organic, aqueous buffer, and cellular media, which compels us to recognize the cellular environment as the third space for fluorophores.
New uranium(vi) and isothiouronium complexes: synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic characterization and a DFT study
Authors: Grabias Ewelina , Tarasiuk Bogdan , Dołęga Anna , Majdan Marek
Published: July 2020

U(vi) and isothiouronium salts create a strong charge-assisted network of hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions.
Properties of gaseouscloso-[B6X6]2−dianions (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Rohdenburg Markus , Yang Zheng , Su Pei , Bernhardt Eduard , Yuan Qinqin , Apra Edoardo , Grabowsky Simon , Laskin Julia , Jenne Carsten , Wang Xue-Bin , Warneke Jonas
Published: July 2020

The electronic properties, fragmentation by collision-induced dissociation and bond properties of gaseouscloso-[B6X6]2−(X = Cl, Br, I) dianions are discussed and compared to their larger-sized [B12X12]2−analogues.
How does methylviologen cation radical supply two electrons to the formate dehydrogenase in the catalytic reduction process of CO2 to formate?
Authors: Miyaji Akimitsu , Amao Yutaka
Published: July 2020

The two-electron supply process using single-electron reduced methylviologen as a co-enzyme in the reduction process of CO2 to formate catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii was clarified by experimental and quantum chemical analyses.
Solvation and diffusion of poly(vinyl alcohol) chains in a hydrated inorganic ionic liquid
Authors: Karimineghlani Parvin , Zheng Jin , Hu Yan-Yan , Sukhishvili Svetlana
Published: July 2020

Studies of the behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol) in a hydrated inorganic ionic liquid revealed good solvent conditions for polymer chains.
Deuterium isotope effects on 17O nuclear shielding in a single water molecule from NMR gas phase measurements
Authors: Makulski Włodzimierz
Published: July 2020

The 17O NMR shielding constants of the isolated molecules: H2O, HOD and D2O were measured in the gas phase; the isotope effects were established and small nonadditivity was stated.
Eugenol-loaded chitosan emulsion holds the texture of chilled hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) better: mechanism exploration by proteomic analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Tiantian , Wu Chunhua , Wang Qin , Ma Peihua , Shao Ying , Yu Haixia , Hu Yaqin
Published: July 2020

Eugenol-loaded chitosan emulsion (ELCE) has been proved to have an excellent antibacterial property.
Fubrick tea attenuates high-fat diet induced fat deposition and metabolic disorder by regulating gut microbiota and caffeine metabolism
Authors: Jing Nana , Liu Xiaoxia , Jin Mingliang , Yang Xingbin , Hu Xin , Li Caiyan , Zhao Ke
Published: July 2020

Fubrick tea aqueous extract (FTEs) improved lipid metabolism by regulating gut microbiota and caffeine metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice.
Preparation, characterization and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of banana condensed tannin–inulin conjugate
Authors: Zeng Xiangquan , Du Zhenjiao , Ding Xiaomeng , Zhao Yunshu , Jiang Weibo
Published: July 2020

This is the first systematic study to enhance the anti-diabetic effects of inulin by grafting with condensed tannins in vitro, and the results were meaningful for broadening the application of inulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Correction: Hydrogel networks as underwater contact adhesives for different surfaces
Authors: Feng Pan , Ye Shaoxiong , Wang Ruixing , She Wei , Liu Jiaping , Sun ZhengMing , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Hydrogel networks as underwater contact adhesives for different surfaces’ by Pan Feng et al., Mater. Horiz., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00176g.
Highly efficient and stable photocatalytic properties of CdS/FeS nanocomposites
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Shubin , Zhang Kejie , Gu Siwen , Cao Jing , Xia Yuan , Yang Changgen , Sun Wu , Zhou Zhiping
Published: July 2020

CdS/FeS nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a liquid-phase thermal decomposition of a single precursor and an ion adsorption method.
Selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on a copper hydroxide nitrate nanostructure electrode
Authors: Wang Mang , Zhang Qixing , Xie Qixian , Wan Lili , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan , Luo Jingshan
Published: July 2020

Enhanced C2H4 selectivity on the defect rich, rough and dendritic surface.
Plasmon of Au nanorods activates metal–organic frameworks for both the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Wenmin , Wang Shanshan , Yang Shengyuan A. , Xia Xing-Hua , Zhou Yi-Ge
Published: July 2020

Plasmonic gold nanorods can enhance the electroactivity of MOF nanosheets toward both the HER and OER under different polarizations.
In situ growth of Fe and Nb co-doped β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheet arrays on nickel foam for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Pan Junjie , Hao Shaoyun , Zhang Xingwang , Huang Rongxin
Published: July 2020

Fe, Nb co-doped β-Ni(OH)2 electrode exhibited excellent OER performance with an overpotential of 294 mV at 100 mA cm−2.
Dimerization of indenocorannulene radicals: imposing stability through increasing strain and curvature
Authors: Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Zhu Yikun , Zhou Zheng , Liu Shuyang , Wei Zheng , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: July 2020

One-electron reduction of bowl-shaped indenocorannulene affords a new stable dimeric dianion, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Correction: Preparation of a novel curcumin nanoemulsion by ultrasonication and its comparative effects in wound healing and the treatment of inflammation
Authors: Ahmad Niyaz , Ahmad Rizwan , Al-Qudaihi Ali , Alaseel Salman Edrees , Fita Ibrahim Zuhair , Khalid Mohammed Saifuddin , Pottoo Faheem Hyder
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Preparation of a novel curcumin nanoemulsion by ultrasonication and its comparative effects in wound healing and the treatment of inflammation’ by Niyaz Ahmad et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 20192–20206, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA03102B.
Resveratrol protects against apoptosis induced by interleukin-1β in nucleus pulposus cells via activating mTOR/caspase-3 and GSK-3β/caspase-3 pathways
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Bai Xiaoliang , Zhang Feng , Zheng Long , Ding Wenyuan , Yang Sidong
Published: July 2020

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the specific downstream signaling pathway mediated by PI3K/Akt in resveratrol (RES) anti-apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).

Materials and methods: Human NPCs were cultured and divided into six groups. Interleukin (IL)-1β was used to induce apoptosis and RES to inhibit apoptosis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was used to test apoptotic incidence of NPCs, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to detect cell viability, The expression level of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were determined by Western blot.

Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that IL-1β increased the apoptosis rate of NPCs in each group, and RES significantly decreased the apoptosis rate, while rapamycin (RAPA) and SB216763 inhibited the effect of RES and increased the apoptosis rate again. Similarly, CCK-8 showed that IL-1β decreased activity of NPCs in each group, while RES increased cell activity, RAPA and SB216763 inhibited the effect of RES and decreased cell activity. RT-qPCR results showed IL-1β significantly increased the level of caspase-3 expression, but it was significantly decreased by using RES, RAPA and SB216763 respectively attenuated effects of RES. Western blot results showed that activated caspase-3 was inhibited by RES effect, and was up-regulated again after the addition of RAPA and SB216763. In addition, p-mTOR and p-GSK-3β were up-regulated by RES and down-regulated by RAPA and SB216763.

Conclusion: RES can inhibit apoptosis induced by IL-1β in human NPCs. PI3K/Akt/mTOR/caspase-3 and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/caspase-3 pathways are potential mechanisms underlying this process.
Holistic Communication Assessment for Young Children With Cleft Palate Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health:Children and Youth
Authors: Cronin Anna , McLeod Sharynne , Verdon Sarah
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Children with a cleft palate (± cleft lip; CP±L) can have difficulties communicating and participating in daily life, yet speech-language pathologists typically focus on speech production during routine assessments. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY;World Health Organization, 2007) provides a framework for holistic assessment. This tutorial describes holistic assessment of children with CP±L illustrated by data collected from a nonclinical sample of seven 2- to 3-year-old children, 13 parents, and 12 significant others (e.g., educators and grandparents).

Method

Data were collected during visits to participants' homes and early childhood education and care centers. Assessment tools applicable to domains of the ICF-CY were used to collect and analyze data. Child participants' Body Functions including speech, language, and cognitive development were assessed using screening and standardized assessments. Participants' Body Structures were assessed via oral motor examination, case history questionnaires, and observation. Participants' Activities and Participation as well as Environmental and Personal Factors were examined through case history questionnaires, interviews with significant others, parent report measures, and observations.

Results

Valuable insights can be gained from undertaking holistic speech-language pathology assessments with children with CP±L. Using multiple tools allowed for triangulation of data and privileging different viewpoints, to better understand the children and their contexts. Several children demonstrated speech error patterns outside of what are considered cleft speech characteristics, which underscores the importance of a broader assessment.

Conclusion

Speech-language pathologists can consider incorporating evaluation of all components and contextual factors of the ICF-CY when assessing and working with young children with CP±L to inform intervention and management practices.
The Three CCCs of Dysphagia Management: Culturally Competent Care
Authors: Hall Kellyn D. , Johnson Leslie W.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Patient-centered care is a healthcare approach that values an individual's right to make health care choices. For patients with dysphagia, honoring choices that carry significant health risks is challenging. This article presents strategies adapted from the multicultural literature to enhance patient engagement and help balance choices for quality of life while mitigating potential negative health consequences. The goal is to provide clinicians with knowledge gleaned from multicultural resources to deliver optimal care that considers both cultural and ethical factors.

Method

The authors use a hypothetical case of an older adult woman with dysphagia whose family is disagreeing with diet recommendations to introduce the concepts of culture, cultural humility, cultural competence, and ethical considerations. The authors present strategies for working with culturally diverse patients to show that these strategies can be adapted for use with any patient, regardless of cultural background.

Conclusion

Adopting a perspective that every patient presents with many cultural variables that can influence dysphagia management encourages the speech-language pathologist to approach each patient through a multicultural lens. Strategies and approaches for working with culturally and linguistically diverse patients can be adapted and inform the speech-language pathologist on ways to establish a dynamic of shared decision making for successful outcomes.
Workshop Gesundheitsgefährdung durch langes Sitzen am
Arbeitsplatz – Teil I wissenschaftliche Perspektiven
Authors: Latza Ute , Bucksch Jens , Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit
Published: July 2020

Ziel Die Gesundheitsgefährdung durch sedentäres Verhalten
am Arbeitsplatz ist ein wichtiges Problem unserer Zeit. Seine Lösung
verlangt nach interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit von Expertinnen und
Experten aus Wissenschaft und betrieblicher Praxis.

Methodik Hierzu wurde im Februar 2019 in Berlin ein Workshop mit
Fachleuten aus verschiedenen Bereichen durchgeführt, der die derzeitigen
wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der Gesundheitsgefährdung durch lange,
wenig unterbrochene Sitzzeiten am Arbeitsplatz thematisiert und
ausgewählte betriebliche Lösungsansätze aufzeigt. Dieser
Workshop wird hier in 2 Teilen dokumentiert. Genderrelevante Aspekte werden,
wenn möglich, hervorgehoben.

Ergebnisse Im vorliegenden Teil I werden die Beiträge zu
aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen bezogen auf die Gesundheitsrisiken
durch sedentäre Lebens- und Arbeitsweisen sowie Prävalenz und
Determinanten für sedentäres Verhalten in der Arbeitswelt
referiert. Die darauf aufbauenden Beiträge zu theoriegeleiteten
Interventionsstrategien und zur Evidenz für erfolgreiche
Interventionsstrategien aus systematischen Reviews zeigen mögliche
Lösungswege auf.

Schlussfolgerung und Ausblick Trotz vieler Studien und Hinweise, die
für eine stärkere Berücksichtigung des
sedentären Verhaltens im betrieblichen Kontext sprechen, gibt es
Wissenslücken v.a. bezogen auf Ätiologie, Möglichkeiten
der Kompensation, Determinanten und Interventionsstrategien. Auch sind
Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen in diesem Zusammenhang
unzureichend dokumentiert. Im Teil II werden ausgewählte betriebliche
Lösungsansätze und die Ergebnisse der Workshop-Diskussion
vorgestellt.
Innereuropäische Aeromedical-Evacuation-Transporte im Rahmen von COVID-19
Authors: Sammito Stefan , Post Janina , Ritter Dennis Matthias , Hossfeld Björn , Erley Oliver Maria
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund Im Rahmen der humanitären Hilfeleistung während der COVID-19-Pandemie flog die Bundeswehr Patienten zur Entlastung der überfüllten regionalen Krankenhäuser aus Italien und Frankreich nach Deutschland aus. Diese Hilfeleistung umfasste bis dato insgesamt 22 italienische und 2 französische Staatsbürger. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, im Rahmen eines Prä-post-Vergleichs die Veränderungen der Vitalparameter, insbesondere der Beatmungssituation der transportierten Patienten zu analysieren und Schlüsse für zukünftige luftgestützte Transporte mit Flächenflugzeugen für Patienten mit COVID-19 zu erlangen.

Methoden Retrospektive Analyse der Intensivtransport-Protokolle sowie weiterer vorliegender Dokumente (Patient Movement Request, Verlegungsbriefe, Flugzeiten) der insgesamt 24 Patienten, die an COVID-19 erkrankt und beatmungspflichtig waren.

Ergebnisse Bei den Patienten (Median Alter: 59,1 Jahre) lagen in 63% Vorerkrankungen vor und sie waren im Median seit 10,0 (3 – 28) Tagen künstlich beatmet, erste Beschwerden aufgrund COVID-19 lagen im Median 17,5 (6 – 35) Tage vor dem Transport. Eine Verschlechterung der Vitalparameter und der Beatmungssituation während des Transports konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Jedoch war eine Vertiefung der Narkose und die vermehrte Gabe von Katecholaminen während der Transportbedingungen notwendig.

Schlussfolgerung Der Intensivtransport von beatmeten COVID-19-Patienten benötigt ein hohes Maß an Qualifikation des Personals und eine geeignete Ausstattung, kann jedoch unter Berücksichtigung der Rahmenbedingungen geplant durchgeführt werden.
Repetitive Arm and Hand Movements (Complex Motor Stereotypy) in a Six-Year Boy
Authors: Koul Roshan , Hora Ravinder
Published: July 2020

Abnormal movements are not uncommon in children. Most of these abnormal movements can be defined by the available criteria. Abnormal movements are easily diagnosed in adults. Most of these abnormal movements are well categorized and diagnosed by the defined characteristics. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose an unusual movement disorder in children, particularly if it is rare and there are no investigations to prove the diagnosis. Repetitive arm and hand movements (complex motor stereotypy) is one such disorder which is rare and difficult to diagnose unless seen before. In this case report, we described a 6-year-old boy with this disorder, in whom it took 6 years to diagnose.
Teaching Competence in Counseling: A Focus on the Supervisory Process
Authors: Terrell Pamela A. , Osborne Charlie
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the role counseling plays in clinical education. Counseling is considered an essential skill for practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs), yet few accredited programs have a course devoted to it. Counseling is included as a domain in the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Scope of Practice and SLPs are the most qualified professionals to support individuals dealing with the social and emotional consequences of a speech, language, or swallowing problem. There is limited research regarding student and clinical supervisor training in using counseling skills. Many clinical supervisors have not had a course in counseling, much less training in how to teach counseling skills to students in clinical practica. Four models of infusing counseling strategies into clinical practica are presented. This article highlights the need for an established course in counseling for SLP students-in-training and for supervisors in the art of teaching counseling skills in clinical practica.
Quality of Life Dilemmas in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Tran Lily
Published: July 2020

Children with chronic care or complex medical needs, such as epilepsy, depend on advocates to ensure their safety and well-being, a role typically filled by parents or extended family. Close participation to provide vital history and details is quintessential to help guide appropriate management decisions to ensure optimal neurodevelopmental outcome. However, when these vulnerable children are placed in the foster care system, their need for an advocate becomes even more paramount. Unfortunately, this can be lacking and can lead to a breakdown in their medical care. Their complex medical conditions often can be intimidating to most potential foster families and may result in placement in long-term care facilities. This, in turn, presents additional obstacles that can hinder optimal care such as lack of consistent, dedicated caretakers. This void not only impacts their outcome and medical care but also leads to excessive use of limited healthcare resources as well as unwanted adverse reactions that can be prevented if a reliable source of history is available. As a result, there is a need for dedicated resources to help provide devoted advocates for these vulnerable children.
Multi-linear antenna microwave plasma assisted large-area growth of 6 × 6 in.2 vertically oriented graphenes with high growth rate
Authors: Bo Zheng , Su Mengxiang , Yang Huachao , Yang Shiling , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa
Published: July 2020

Vertically oriented graphenes (VGs) are promising for many emerging energy and environmental applications, while their mass production still remains a critical challenge. This note reports a multi-linear antenna microwave plasma device for fabricating VGs on a large-scale. Eight coaxial linear plasma antennas are parallelly arrayed to produce large-area plasma, depositing 6 × 6 in.2 VGs on nickel foil at a high rate of 160 nm min−1. In supercapacitor applications, the potential of VGs for AC line filtering (an RC time of 0.43 ms) and decreasing the interfacial contact resistance within commercial activated carbon supercapacitors is demonstrated.
Formation of finite-time singularities for nonlinear hyperbolic systems with small initial disturbances
Authors: Jin Zhentao , Zhou Yi
Published: July 2020

This article concerns the formation of finite-time singularities in solutions to quasilinear hyperbolic systems with small initial data. We propose a universal test function method that works for many nonlinear hyperbolic systems arising from physical applications. We first present a simpler proof of the main result in the work of Sideris [Commun. Math. Phys. 101(4), 475–485 (1985)]: the global classical solution is non-existent for compressible Euler equations even for some small initial data. Then, we apply this approach to nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics in two space dimensions. Finally, we consider second order quasilinear hyperbolic systems with quadratic nonlinearity arising from elastodynamics of isotropic hyperelastic materials by ignoring the cubic and higher order terms. Under some restriction on the coefficients of the nonlinear terms that imply genuine nonlinearity, we show that the classical solutions to these equations can still blow up in finite time even if the initial data are small enough.
Anisotropy in antiferromagnets
Authors: O’Grady K. , Sinclair J. , Elphick K. , Carpenter R. , Vallejo-Fernandez G. , Probert M. I. J. , Hirohata A.
Published: July 2020

Due to the advent of antiferromagnetic (AF) spintronics, there is a burgeoning interest in AF materials for a wide range of potential and actual applications. Generally, AFs are characterized via the ordering at the Néel temperature (TN), but to have a stable AF configuration, it is necessary that the material has a sufficient level of anisotropy so as to maintain the orientation of the given magnetic state fixed in one direction. Unlike the case for ferromagnets, there are little established data on the anisotropy of AFs and, in particular, its origins, other than it being magneto-crystalline, and those factors which control it. In this perspective article, these factors are reviewed in light of recent and established experimental data. The anisotropy can be found indirectly via the exchange bias phenomenon. This technique is reviewed and, in particular, the implications for the nature of the anisotropy that is measured and its distribution. Finally, a strategy is proposed that would allow for the development of AF materials with controlled anisotropy for future applications.
Neural network representability of fully ionized plasma fluid model closures
Authors: Maulik Romit , Garland Nathan A. , Burby Joshua W. , Tang Xian-Zhu , Balaprakash Prasanna
Published: July 2020

The closure problem in fluid modeling is a well-known challenge to modelers aiming to accurately describe their systems of interest. Over many years, analytic formulations in a wide range of regimes have been presented but a practical, generalized fluid closure for magnetized plasmas remains an elusive goal. In this study, as a first step toward constructing a novel data-based approach to this problem, we apply ever-maturing machine learning methods to assess the capability of neural network architectures to reproduce crucial physics inherent in known magnetized plasma closures. We find encouraging results, indicating the applicability of neural networks to closure physics, but also arrive at recommendations on how one should choose appropriate network architectures for the given locality properties dictated by the underlying physics of the plasma.
Low-voltage complementary inverters using solution-processed, high-mobility organic single-crystal transistors fabricated by polymer-blend printing
Authors: Sawada Taiki , Makita Tatsuyuki , Yamamura Akifumi , Sasaki Mari , Yoshimura Yasunari , Hayakawa Teruaki , Okamoto Toshihiro , Watanabe Shun , Kumagai Shohei , Takeya Jun
Published: July 2020

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted great attention as key elements in Internet-of-Thing (IoT) devices due to their advantages of low cost and mass producibility made possible by printing technology. Such devices require organic semiconductors (OSCs) that intrinsically possess high carrier mobility and air stability. In addition, the demand for low-voltage operation and low power consumption has been increasing because the potential power sources for actual devices are implementable energy harvesters that supply low power and low voltages. Based on recently developed high-performance single-crystal p-type and n-type OSCs, this work demonstrated air-stable, high-mobility OFETs with low-voltage operation by using an insulating polymer-blend printing method. By comparing two acrylic polymers poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(adamantyl methacrylate) (PADMA), having remarkably different thermal properties, we found that PADMA showing a high glass transition temperature >200 °C was suitable for device fabrication, enhancing the flexibility of OSC materials. Also, PADMA spontaneously produced good charge-transport interfaces with the OSC single crystals, leading to high carrier mobilities of 6.6 and 2.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 in p-channel and n-channel OFETs at ≤1.5 V, respectively. The current electron mobility was the highest among low voltage-operation OFETs reported so far. These high-mobility OFETs were integrated into a complementary inverter, for which a low static power consumption of 6.6 pW was confirmed. Therefore, this study reports an advantage of polymer-blend printing for OFETs with enhanced processability and performance suitable for IoT applications.
Realization of In:ZnO/PEDOT:PSS based multifunctional device for ultraviolet (UV) light detection and resistive switching memory applications
Authors: Rasool Asif , Amiruddin R. , Kossar Shahnaz , Santhosh Kumar M. C.
Published: July 2020

The present research reports on a hybrid multifunctional device for UV light detection and non-volatile resistive switching memory based on n-In:ZnO/poly 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) junctions. Using a spray pyrolysis method, indium (1–5 at. %) doped ZnO thin films (IZO) were deposited on the pre-heated glass substrate. The structural analysis of IZO thin films shows that all the prepared samples exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferential orientation along the (101) plane. The morphological analysis shows a uniform distribution of grains without any voids. The optical transmission spectra reveal that IZO thin films show higher transparency (>90%) in the visible region. With an optimum doping concentration of In (4 at. %), the deposited IZO thin films exhibit high carrier concentration and low electrical resistivity value of 4.58 × 1020 cm−3 and 4.01 × 10−2 Ω cm, respectively. The current–voltage (I–V), photoresponse, and resistive switching behavior of the fabricated n-IZO/PEDOT:PSS-based hybrid device was studied. Under an external reverse bias, the device exhibits a high photoresponsivity (R) value of 0.31 A/W and fast photoresponse switching speed with the measured rise and fall time of 0.08 and 1 s, respectively. It was proposed that the formation/rupture of both anionic and cationic conductive filaments plays a crucial role in the obtained resistive characteristics of the fabricated hybrid device.
Ultrathin porphyrin and tetra-indole covalent organic frameworks for organic electronics applications
Authors: Ziogos Orestis George , Blanco Itsaso , Blumberger Jochen
Published: July 2020

The electronic and charge transport properties of porphyrin and tetra-indole porphyrinoid single layer covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. Ultrathin diacetylene-linked COFs based on oxidized tetra-indole cores are narrow gap 2D semiconductors, featuring a pronounced anisotropic electronic band structure due to the combination of dispersive and flat band characteristics, while registering high room temperature charge carrier mobilities. The capability of bandgap and charge carrier localization tuning via the careful selection of fourfold porphyrin and porphyrinoid cores and twofold articulated linkers is demonstrated, with the majority of systems exhibiting electronic gap values between 1.75 eV and 2.3 eV. Tetra-indoles are also capable of forming stable monolayers via non-articulated core fusing, resulting in 2D morphologies with extended π-conjugation and semi-metallic behavior.
Enhanced magnetodielectric coupling in strongly ferroic composite oxide film
Authors: Pandya Rutvi J. , Zinzuvadiya Sushant , Thankachen Nisha , Sengunthar Poornima , Patel Shivangi S. , Debnath A. K. , Joshi U. S.
Published: July 2020

Lead-free all oxide composite thin films comprising ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) phases are observed as promising candidates for multifunctional device applications. A series of composites having systematic replacement of FM La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) by FE-Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN), all oxide composite thin films were optimally grown by pulsed laser deposition. While x-ray diffraction confirmed a systematic phase change from a rhombohedral to an orthorhombic structure, almost monodispersed grain size distribution and smooth surface topography were revealed by atomic force microscopy. Two-probe dielectric spectroscopy indicated a pronounced enhancement of real permittivity for 0.4 sample as compared to the pure FM and FE parent compounds. Similarly, an enhancement in the magnetodielectric permittivity revealed high values for intermediate composites. The enhancement in the dielectric and magnetoelectric coupling is suggested to be due to the magnetostriction effect in FM (LSMO), which induces stress that is in turn transferred to the FE (NKN) phase, leading to strong FM–FE coupling. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the presence of Mn in +3 and +4 states in the FE–FM composites. The presence of these mixed valence states can be ascribed to the magnetic properties within the composites.
The temperature-controlled system of variable thermal resistance based on self-powered thermoelectric effect
Authors: Xie Kaihua , Zheng Yihua
Published: July 2020

Variable thermal resistance (VTR) based on the Peltier and Seebeck effects can convert electric power to heat, thus promoting or hindering heat transfer. A method of using VTR is proposed in this project. VTR, a variable thermal boundary condition, is applied in temperature control systems owing to its fast response and high accuracy. An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using VTR in temperature control systems. Then, a thermal model was built using Simulink that can simulate the model under an ideal heat transfer condition. The experimental and simulation data indicate that the accuracy and anti-interference of a temperature control system can be strengthened by using VTR as the thermal boundary condition. The standard deviation of temperature signals decreases when using VTR control with basic on–off temperature control in the system.
Ultra-low threshold green InGaN quantum dot microdisk lasers grown on silicon
Authors: Zhao Chunyu , Tang Chak Wah , Wang Jiannong , Lau Kei May
Published: July 2020

We report ultra-low threshold green InGaN quantum-dot (QD) microdisk lasers directly grown on Si substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Vertically stacked InGaN/GaN QDs by epitaxy on Si were adopted as the microcavity gain medium. Under continuous-wave optical pumping, we observed room temperature lasing at 522 nm from the microcavity lasers with a diameter of 1.0 μm and obtained an ultra-low threshold of 76 W/cm2. The sidewall roughness values of the microdisk lasers etched by different solutions of potassium hydroxide and HF/HNO3 were compared. We detected a strong correlation between the lasing thresholds and the sidewall roughness of the microdisk lasers, with the lasing threshold improved from 1.6 kW/cm2 to below 100 W/cm2 and the full width at half maximum reduced from 0.53 nm to 0.2 nm through smoothing of the sidewall.
Piezoelectric inertial rotary actuator operating in two-step motion mode for eliminating backward motion
Authors: Hu Yili , Lin Shengrong , Ma Jijie , Zhang Yu , Li Jianping , Wen Jianming
Published: July 2020

The backward motion phenomenon is widespread in inertial impact, stick-slip, and parasitic piezoelectric actuators, and seriously limits the development of these actuators for micro-manipulation applications. To solve this problem, a piezoelectric inertial rotary actuator based on a special wiring scheme is proposed. By changing the pair of piezoelectric vibrators in the traditional actuator to have opposite connection modes, the proposed actuator implements a two-step operating mode over one cycle and suffers no backward motion. Thus, the proposed actuator essentially eliminates the backward motion phenomenon under all conditions. Compared with other methods for controlling backward motion, which typically require additional friction-control or complex signal-control systems, the proposed wiring method has the advantages of simplicity of structure, ease of control, and high stability.
Numerical study on immersed granular collapse in viscous regime by particle-scale simulation
Authors: Sun Yun-hui , Zhang Wen-tao , Wang Xiao-liang , Liu Qing-quan
Published: July 2020

Mixed fluid–particle flows are commonly found in nature and exhibit complex particle–particle and particle–fluid interactions. In this paper, a typical small-scale case of immersed granular collapse under the viscous regime is numerically investigated using computational fluid dynamics coupled with the discrete element method (CFD-DEM), which provide particle-scale information of the collapse. The input parameters for the coupled CFD-DEM model are carefully calibrated from experimental results, and the simulation results achieve good agreement with the experiments in terms of the front evolution and final deposition. The collapse processes for different aspect ratios exhibit similarities and propagate in a three-stage mode that includes acceleration, steady propagation, and deceleration. The propagation velocity, runout distance, and the energy evolution of both fluid and particles are presented. The final runout is linearly proportional to the densimetric Froude number in our high-column cases. The transition of particles’ motion from vertical to horizontal and the drag of the fluid are found to be responsible for the constant velocity in the steady propagation stage. We also show that a small energy bump during the initial stage is the result of particle destabilization and rearrangement.
Evidence for low-energy ions influencing plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of SiO2: Impact on the growth per cycle and wet etch rate
Authors: Arts K. , Deijkers J. H. , Faraz T. , Puurunen R. L. , Kessels W. M. M. (Erwin) , Knoops H. C. M.
Published: July 2020

This work provides evidence that plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SiO2, a widely applied process and a cornerstone in self-aligned multiple patterning, is strongly influenced by ions even under mild plasma conditions with low-energy ions. In two complementary experimental approaches, the plasma ALD of SiO2 is investigated with and without the contribution of ions. The first set of experiments is based on microscopic cavity structures, where part of the growth surface is shielded from ions by a suspended membrane. It is observed that a lower growth per cycle (GPC) and a better material quality are obtained when an ion contribution is present. Without any ion contribution, a GPC of 1.45 ± 0.15 Å/cycle and a wet etch rate of 4 ± 1 nm/s (in 30:1 buffered HF) are obtained for a deposition temperature of 200 °C. With an ion contribution, these values decrease, where the magnitude of the decrease appears to be determined by the supplied ion energy dose. For extended ion doses, the GPC decreases to 0.85 ± 0.05 Å/cycle and the wet etch rate to 0.44 ± 0.09 nm/s, approaching the value for a thermal oxide. The important role of ions is confirmed by the second experimental approach, which is based on ion-selective quartz crystal microbalance measurements. By these results, it is demonstrated that ions have a stronger impact on the plasma ALD of SiO2 than usually considered, providing essential insights for tailoring the film growth.
Experimentally tailoring acoustic topological edge states by selecting the boundary type
Authors: Wang Jiao , Gao Nan , Zhang Hongkuan , Zhou Xiaoming , Lü Chaofeng , Chen Weiqiu
Published: July 2020

With the valley Hall effect, acoustic waves at a frequency in a new bandgap in the frequency spectrum opened by breaking the spatial symmetry of a unit cell in a particular metamaterial may propagate at the boundaries of the structure (edge state) or at the interface between two topologically different structures (interface state). In a previous study, we have numerically found that, when the acoustic wave propagates along the boundary of a single structure, the selection of the boundary type plays a decisive role in tailoring the frequency range covered by the edge state. We here experimentally verified the tailoring function of the different types of boundaries. In particular, it was shown that the attenuation of acoustic waves changes remarkably with the boundary type, which is of great significance in tailoring the propagation path. The present experimental study, along with our previous simulation results, provides solid guidance for the design of topological acoustic devices with diverse wave propagation paths.
Mpemba effect in molecular gases under nonlinear drag
Authors: Santos Andrés , Prados Antonio
Published: July 2020

We look into the Mpemba effect—the initially hotter sample cools sooner—in a molecular gas with nonlinear viscous drag. Specifically, the gas particles interact among them via elastic collisions and with a background fluid at equilibrium. Thus, within the framework of kinetic theory, our gas is described by an Enskog–Fokker–Planck equation. The analysis is carried out using the first Sonine approximation, in which the evolution of temperature is coupled to that of excess kurtosis. This coupling leads to the emergence of the Mpemba effect, which is observed at an early stage of relaxation and when the initial temperatures of the two samples are close enough. This allows for the development of a simple theory, linearizing the temperature evolution around a reference temperature, namely, the initial temperature closer to the asymptotic equilibrium value. The linear theory provides a semiquantitative description of the effect, including expressions for crossover time and maximum temperature difference. We also discuss the limitations of our linearized theory.
New 5G exemption may jam GPS devices
Authors: Lopatka Alex
Published: July 2020

Opposition in the public and private sectors is growing against a US telecommunications plan that would allow one company to use its satellite communications radio spectrum for terrestrial applications.