bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İÇTİHATTA TUTARLILIK PRENSİBİNİN FÜRÛ-I FIKHA YANSIMALARI (KİTÂBÜ’L BÜYÛ EKSENİNDE el-HİDÂYE ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: TUFEKÇİ İbrahim
Published: November 2021

Öz: Hz. Peygamber’in vefatının ardından sahabilerin karşılaştıkları yeni şer‘î-amelî sorunların çözümü için önlerinde tek yol bulunuyordu. Bu yol, -ilahi vahyin kesilmesi nedeniyle- Kur’an’ı ve Sünneti anlama ve yorumlama suretiyle sonuçlara ulaşmak, bir başka ifadeyle içtihat etmekti.
Kuşkusuz sahabenin tümü, içtihada ehil kimseler değildi. İçtihat yapabilecek yeteneği ve bilgi birikimi olanlar bu konudaki boşluğu doldurarak kendi dönemlerindeki dinî- hukukî sorunları çözdüler. İçtihadın Hz. Peygamber’in dönemindeki durumu, daha sonraki gelişimi, şartları, içtihat kapısının belli bir dönemden sonra kapanıp kapanmadığı yolundaki tartışmalar, usûl kitaplarında öteden beri ele alınan konulardandır.
İçtihatla ilgili olarak üzerinde önemle durulması gereken noktalardan biri de onun rastgele yapılan bir faaliyet olmayıp, tam aksine kendi içinde tutarlı bir akıl yürütme eylemi olduğudur. Bu nedenledir ki müçtehitler, yaptıkları içtihat faaliyetlerinde bu hususun hep bilincinde olmuşlar, bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak da bir yandan yaptıklarının hesabını verme bir yandan da başkaları tarafından yapılmış içtihatlara hesap sorma düşüncesiyle hareket etmişler, bir başka ifadeyle içtihatta tutarlılık prensibini akıllarından hiç çıkarmamışlar ve içtihatlarını hep bu prensip doğrultusunda gerçekleştirmişlerdir.
İctihat faaliyetinin teorik dayanağını açıklamayı, kendi içindeki tutarlılığının nasıl kontrol edilebileceğine dair kural ve teoriler koymayı fıkıh usulüne bırakarak bu makalede içtihatta tutarlılık çabalarının füru-ı fıkha yansımalarını görmek istedik. Esasen bütün mezheplerin fürû-ı fıkha dair eserlerinde şer‘î-amelî meseleler açıklanırken müçtehitlerin tutarlı olma çabalarını görmek mümkündür. Ancak çalışmanın makale boyutunu aşmaması için konumuzla ilgili olarak fıkhın teorisiyle pratiğinin birleştirildiği, sağlam bir mantığa ve kaynaklarına dayanılarak hükümlerin tartışıldığı, aralarında tercihlerin yapıldığı Mergînânî’nin (ö.593/1197) el-Hidâye isimli eserini ve şerhlerini seçtik. Kitabı bu amaçla baştan sona taradığımızda karşımıza bir makalenin boyutunu kat kat aşacak bir malzeme çıkacağından, çalışmamızı Kitâbu’l-büyû bölümüyle sınırladık.
Medición de la percepción de la calidad del servicio de educación por parte de los estudiantes de la uptc duitama.
Authors: Duque Oliva Edison Jair , Chaparro Pinzón César Ramiro
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo describe el desarrollo de la construcción de un instrumento de 24 ítems basado en la disciplina del marketing del servicio, usado para medir la percepción de la calidad del servicio de educación por parte de los estudiantes. Inicia con la conceptualización y operativización de la calidad del servicio junto con sus escalas de medición, la conceptualización de la calidad de la educación y la metodología empleada en el desarrollo de la investigación, que incluye el procedimiento utilizado en la construcción y refinación de la escala multi-ítems para medir el constructo referenciado. Posteriormente se presentan las evidencias de la fiabilidad y validez de constructo del instrumento propuesto para la medición, que fue aplicado a los estudiantes de los tres últimos semestres de las carreras que ofrece la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) seccional Duitama. Finalmente, se presenta un análisis de datos y resultados y se concluye con algunas reflexiones que permitan ahondar y/o ser punto de referencia para futuros estudios sobre el tema en cuestión.
Momentos de afianzamiento organizacional
Authors: CASTRO RÍOS GUIDO ANGELLO
Published: November 2021

En la vida de la organización surgen momentos que podrían denominarse como momentos de afianzamiento, los cuales son períodos en los que se logra una aproximación al cumplimiento de la visión de futuro planteada como resultado del compromiso de los agentes de la organización con una visión compartida y como la organización hace frente a su entorno variable, lo que motiva a la dirección y a los agentes a prepararse para la búsqueda de nuevos futuros anhelados o para la extinción de la organización.
Empresas de familia rurales, relaciones de género, relaciones de poder. caso lenguazaque, cundinamarca.
Authors: Álvarez Sánchez Yolanda , Díaz Mateus Rubén Darío , Saiz Jorge Enrique
Published: November 2021

Se trabajó con la población rural, hombres y mujeres, del municipio de Lenguazaque; la investigación tuvo como objeto determinar las relaciones de género como relaciones de poder en las empresas familiares rurales. Se siguió un proceso metodológico tanto inductivo como deductivo. Fue inductivo en la medida en que se trabajó con la comunidad en el desarrollo de actividades que nos permitieron ir consolidando los resultados que aquí se presentan; fue deductivo, dado que se partió de fuentes teóricas que permitieron comprender la dinámica del sector rural y el comportamiento que, en términos de relaciones, se da en el interior de este. Los resultados obtenidos del proceso están relacionados con la amplia participación de la mujer en el desarrollo de las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas, lo mismo que en las actividades del hogar; esto significa que las mujeres campesinas aportan, de manera dinámica y decidida, al bienestar de la familia y de la comunidad, hecho que no tiene gran reconocimiento tanto de la familia como de los distintos órganos del gobierno.
Contabilidad: entre la responsabilidad social y el interés público
Authors: Jiménez Aguirre Rubiela
Published: November 2021

This document presents some accounting a nalysis elements that relate social responsibility and public interest. One of these elements is the participation of accounting information users. This means that stockholders, investors, directors, clients, suppliers, the State and the community in general are closely related with the development of organizations that lead to social responsibility. A reflection on social responsibility indicates that it does not belong only to a company, but that it is also the professional responsibility of public accountants, given the fact that social accounting practice is framed in social responsibility towards the community, in order to protect public interest.
Explicación contamétrica de las dinámicas patrimoniales desde una concepción social
Authors: Avellaneda Bautista Campo Alcides , Ortiz Bojacá José Joaquín
Published: November 2021

Partiendo del concepto de que la contametría mide y valora el patrimonio y que este es la representación de la riqueza de los agentes sociales, este trabajo propone la explicación contamétrica de las dinámicas patrimoniales desde una concepción social. Es necesario explicar estos fenómenos para fines de la formalización y difusión de la contametría y para el avance en el estudio de la contabilidad como ciencia del patrimonio. Pero además, aporta a la gestión contable y administrativa, provee herramientas conceptuales para la justa y equitativa medida en la distribución de la riqueza, además de ampliar el horizonte de la investigación contable.
To determine the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in pus samples
Authors: Sharma Vasundhara , Rajput Versha , Farooq Umar , Singh Sudhir , Sharma Shweta R , Ahmad Imran
Published: November 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is a common health problem occuring as an important nosocomial pathogen, causing urinary tract infection, surgical site, blood stream and soft tissue infection. The aim of this research was conducted to determine MRSA and VRSA from the pus samples of admitted patients.

The aim and objective of study was to isolate the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in pus samples and their AST.

A total of 158 positive culture Staph aureus were taken from pus samples for the study during December 2019 - October 2020. Samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar then incubated at 37C for 24 hours. The modified Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method was used to test antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococcus isolates.

In total of 158 positive culture of Staphylococcus aureus, 66 (41.7%) were found to be MRSA and 4 (2.5%) were found to be VRSA. Out of 158 Staph aureus, 146 (92.4%) were resistant to Penicillin, followed by Amoxycillin 140 (88.6%), Ampicillin 139 (87.9%), Erythromycin 91 (57.5%), Cefoxitin 66 (41.7%), Gentamycin 56 (35.4%), Amikacin 52 (32.9%) and Teicoplanin 37 (23.4%).

: An antibiotic policy and screening of susceptibility patterns of MRSA may help in reducing the prevalence rate of MRSA and antibiotic resistance. To stop its spread to the population, it is very important to eliminate MRSA colonization in patients and health care workers. Accurate treatment helps to reduce the rate of morbidity and improvement of patient’s outcome.
Co-infection of mucormycosis and aspergillosis in post COVID-19 patient: A concerning rare case report during second wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Das Anupam , Singh Vikramjeet , Gupta Nikhil , Agarwal Ashish Chandra , Gautam Tushar , Raj Nikhil , Garg Jaya , Sen Manodeep , Agarwal Jyotsna
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 manifestations have been evolving and affect different parts of the body every time a new wave comes. Association of mucormycosis in COVID-19, Covid Associated Mucormycosis (CAM) affected patients especially affecting paranasal sinuses must be given serious and timely consideration. Prolonged history of uncontrolled diabetes and over the counter use of steroids and abrupt stoppage of steroids are two main factors aggravating the illness, and both these factors must be critically checked. Clinical condition like Mucormycosis are caused by pathogenic moulds of family Mucorales and Aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus species and both can cause an invasive disease with high case fatality rate, especially in immunosuppressed patients. In the present study we are discussing a case of co-infection in Post COVID-19 patient affected with mucormycosis and aspergillosis. A 55-year-old male patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus presented post covid with ptosis and diplopia. Mixed infections of Rhizopus arrhizus and Aspergillus flavus were diagnosed by means of fungal microscopy and culture from biopsy sample. Treatment with Amphotericin B was started, the patient responded clinically within 15 days.
La importancia de establecer un marco orientador de política pública para el uso responsable y ético de la inteligencia artificial y su aplicación en Costa Rica
Authors: Ulate Brenes Eliana , Mora Edgar , Pombo Cristina , Rebellón Carlos , Vega Nancy , Lang Gloriana , Priscila Chaves Martínez
Published: November 2021

El Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones (MICITT) de Costa Rica, en colaboración con el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), y con apoyo del Consejo Asesor de fAIr LAC Costa Rica, elaboró este documento de referencia como insumo de una hoja de ruta que permita crear un marco para el uso ético, responsable y seguro de la IA en el país. Este esfuerzo está enmarcado en la iniciativa fAIr LAC y está basado en el modelo de la quíntuple hélice de innovación del ecosistema costarricense a través de un Consejo Asesor, el cual reúne al sector privado (America Free Zone -AFZ, Intel, Microsoft), la academia (INCAE), el sector público (CCSS, MEP, MICITT, MEP, SINIRUBE y el BID), la sociedad civil (CINDE, Programa Estado de la Nación), y el ecosistema emprendedor (BID Lab e Innova 10x). Con el rápido avance de la tecnología y la ciencia, el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha vuelto cada vez más común en la vida de las personas, generando un impacto significativo en la economía, la sociedad y el medio ambiente. En tal sentido, se requiere una respuesta rápida, asertiva e inclusiva por parte de los países en materia de políticas, estrategias, regulación y generación de capacidades. Por ello, como un paso inicial hacia un abordaje proactivo de estos desafíos, con este documento se pretende contribuir a crear las condiciones necesarias para impulsar la IA como uno de los aceleradores más importantes en la actualidad. En este documento se incorpora una guía de lo que debe entenderse como marco ético de la IA; se esboza un primer barrido no exhaustivo de las mejores prácticas internacionales a nivel global y regional; se describen algunos de los esfuerzos del país en materia de políticas nacionales y estrategias que contribuyen a definir esta hoja de ruta; y se presentan los principales esfuerzos que en materia de IA que se están llevando a cabo en Costa Rica.
Ensino de inglês na escola pública em perspectiva INdisciplinar e dialógica
Authors: De Carvalho Lima Samuel
Published: November 2021

Este artigo objetiva investigar como o discurso acadêmico do professor-pesquisador de inglês participa da discussão ideológica sobre o ensino de inglês na escola pública. À luz da Linguística Aplicada (LA) INdisciplinar, fundamento a discussão com concepções de ensino crítico de inglês no Brasil. Posteriormente, em interface com a perspectiva dialógica da linguagem, apresento minha postura dialógica de análise de dados para explorar a composição de dois resumos de dissertação de mestrado sobre o ensino de inglês publicados em 2017 e 2020. A análise do corpus evidencia que o discurso acadêmico se bivocaliza com o discurso teórico, por meio da nomeação de teorias e da citação indireta a outros estudos, para criticar a tradição de ensino de leitura e escrita em língua inglesa e complementar o discurso oficial sobre o ensino de inglês. Assim, a análise elucida a heterogeneidade da composição do discurso acadêmico do professor-pesquisador de inglês e revela a ausência de interesse inicial sobre problemas sociais, mas que acabam sendo apontados no corpus analisado.
Práticas acadêmicas integradas e transdisciplinares em conexão com práticas socioculturais
Authors: Correa Djane Antonucci
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma reflexão atualizada sobre os estudos desenvolvidos no “Laboratório de estudos do texto” na Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, como espaço que congrega discussões e registros de leitura e de escrita, enfatizando a relevância das práticas acadêmicas comprometidas com as práticas sociais.  Para isso, ressalto a importância da Linguística Aplicada e da visão crítica da linguagem para entender contextos prévios que configuram os textos como atividade metapragmática e não sacralizada. Proponho também encaminhar propostas de metodologias e epistemologias de estudo que levem em conta o pensamento transdisciplinar como forma de conexão entre o conhecimento acadêmico e outros saberes, notadamente os oriundos de vozes periféricas. Dessas discussões, concluo que organizar, incentivar e expandir parcerias de estudos transdisciplinares integrados nos eixos da extensão, do ensino e da pesquisa pode dar maior suporte para esses trabalhos.
Línguas em tradução
Authors: Veras Viviane
Published: November 2021

Entre línguas em tradução, a escuta do que nelas dá lugar ao estranho e ao equívoco que resiste à compreensão e reivindica sua opacidade faz dos estudos de tradução um território conceitual dominado pela metáfora e, de certa forma, produtor de saberes avessos a quantificações. Esse savoir-faire reivindica o risco de entrar no que se trama entre línguas e contar com o que nela se encena, e que exige um manejo dos tempos, uma marcação dos ritmos e uma disposição ao acaso, ao inaudito, ao improviso. Este trabalho apresenta-se como um pensar essa aproximação sempre cuidadosamente regulada entre línguas, pressupondo a escuta de vozes e silêncios que se entremeiam nesses nesses vãos, a cada vez, originais.
Antenna array with switching scanning in elevation plane
Authors: Pasternak Yuri G. , Pendyurin Vladimir A. , Safonov Kirill S.
Published: November 2021

It is known that the most reliable communication in hard-to-reach places such as the Arctic, Tundra, Taiga is satellite communication [1-5]. Therefore, for satellite communications, it is necessary to develop your own antenna arrays. This article discusses a waveguide-slot antenna array with a Luneburg lens for a mobile satellite communications terminal, which provides a continuous and stable signal. This antenna operates in the 10.9 to 14.5 GHz frequency range. Possesses vertical polarization. The overall dimensions of the antenna array are: diameter of the diagram-forming lens 256 mm (thickness 5 mm, material FLAN 2.8 (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015)); waveguide length 600 mm (internal section 10.5 mm by 5 mm, filling FLAN 2.8). Slotted waveguide antennas and lens are made of standard FLAN 2.8 material (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015) 5mm thick, foiled on both sides. There are 17 coaxial cables to the HF switch (equal lengths are not required), the scanning step in elevation is 5 degrees. When using 54 waveguide-slot antennas and 18 switch inputs, a scanning sector in elevation of 90 degrees is provided. All the nodes were pre-modeled separately a cylindrical Luneburg lens with suitable waveguides, excited by slits; slotted waveguide antennas; coaxial-waveguide transitions.
Parametrical synthesis of radio devices with the set quantity of identical cascades for variants of inclusion of jet two-port networks between a source of a signal and a nonlinear part
Authors: Golovkov Aleksandr A. , Fomin Aleksey V.
Published: November 2021

The algorithm of parametrical synthesis of various radio devices with any quantity of cascades of type the jet two-port network a nonlinear part by criterion of maintenance of the set frequency characteristics is developed. Nonlinear parts are presented in the form of a nonlinear element and parallel either consecutive on a current or pressure of a feedback. According to this criterion systems of the algebraic equations are generated and solved. Models of optimum two-port networks in the form of mathematical expressions for definition of interrelations between elements of their classical matrix of transfer and for search of dependences of resistance of two-poles from frequency are as a result received. It is shown, that frequency characteristics of investigated radio devices from identical cascades are identical or similar to frequency characteristics of radio devices from one cascade, but with resistance of a source of a signal and the loading, changed definitely. Such schemes are named by equivalent. The comparative analysis of the theoretical results received by mathematical modelling in system MathCad, and the experimental results received by circuit simulation in systems OrCad and MicroCap, shows their satisfactory coincidence.
Charakterystyka serii zlepieńcowo-olistostromowej z obszaru paleodoliny Szczurowej–Wojnicza na podstawie interpretacji obrazu sejsmicznego
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Urbaniec Andrzej , Filipowska-Jeziorek Kinga ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Bartoń Robert ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Wilk Aleksander ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: November 2021

Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie charakterystyki sejsmicznej utworów o charakterze olistostromowym z obszaru paleodoliny Szczurowej–Wojnicza na podstawie interpretacji połączonych danych sejsmicznych 3D i 2D. Interpretowany rejon cechuje się skomplikowaną budową geologiczną oraz słabym stopniem rozpoznania wiertniczego, gdyż tylko nieliczne odwierty przewierciły pełen profil utworów miocenu autochtonicznego. Paleodolina Szczurowej–Wojnicza, stanowiąca jeden z najbardziej charakterystycznych elementów budowy strukturalnej obszaru badań, wyerodowana została w utworach węglanowych kredy i jury. W okresie neogenu paleodolina ta wypełniona została miąższą serią osadów klastycznych należących do formacji skawińskiej. W podłożu tej formacji zidentyfikowany został również pakiet charakterystycznych osadów gruboklastycznych o silnie zróżnicowanej miąższości, nazwany serią zlepieńcowo-olistostromową. Punktem wyjścia interpretacji był profil otworu Basowy-1, w którym w materiale rdzeniowym pochodzącym ze spągowej partii miocenu stwierdzono obecność pakietów zlepieńców oraz utworów o charakterze olistostromowym (brekcji węglanowych). Przeprowadzona obecnie interpretacja obrazu sejsmicznego pozwoliła na możliwie szczegółowe rozpoznanie rozprzestrzenienia i układu strukturalnego utworów poszczególnych kompleksów litostratygraficznych w badanym rejonie. Analiza atrybutów sejsmicznych wskazuje na zróżnicowanie litologiczne serii zlepieńcowo-olistostromowej, wynikające najprawdopodobniej z zazębiania się pakietów zlepieńców i brekcji węglanowych z utworami drobnoklastycznymi. Można przypuszczać, że przynajmniej częściowo w strefach krawędziowych paleorynny lateralny kontakt pomiędzy utworami jury i miocenu ma charakter tektoniczny, związany z reaktywacją dyslokacji. Przypuszczalnie w wyniku pogrążania centralnej części rowu tektonicznego Wojnicza doszło do przechylenia w kierunku SW warstw skalnych budujących strefę krawędziową paleorynny, co z kolei doprowadziło do zainicjowania ruchów masowych. Ponadto zaobserwowano wpływ morfologii powierzchni stropowej serii zlepieńcowo-olistostromowej na układ strukturalny zalegających powyżej utworów formacji skawińskiej, wynikający z nierównomiernego stopnia kompakcji osadów drobnoklastycznych.
Ocena przydatności wykorzystania geometrycznych parametrów przestrzeni porowej z obrazów tomograficznych w kontekście pomiarów NMR, porozymetrii rtęciowej i porozymetrii helowej
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Drabik Katarzyna , Krakowska-Madejska Paulina ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica w Krakowie, Puskarczyk Edyta ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica, Wydział Wiertnictwa, Nafty i Gazu, Dohnalik Marek ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: November 2021

Głównym celem pracy była ocena przydatności wyników interpretacji ilościowej, uzyskanej z obrazowania wewnętrz­nej struktury próbek skał z wykorzystaniem metody tomografii komputerowej, do szacowania parametrów zbiornikowych takich jak porowatość czy przepuszczalność. W pracy badano zależności korelacyjne pomiędzy parametrami przestrzeni porowej uzyskanymi z analizy obrazów tomografii komputerowej a wynikami standardowych badań laboratoryjnych. Materiał badawczy składał się z próbek piaskowców czerwonego spągowca, facji eolicznej, pobranych z obszaru Niżu Polskiego. Do analiz wybrano kilkadziesiąt próbek skał piaskowców czerwonego spągowca, dla których policzono 69 parametrów. Interpretacja jakościowa i ilościowa polegała na porównaniu parametrów otrzymanych z analizy obrazu tomograficznego z wcześniej uzyskanymi wynikami analiz laboratoryjnych obejmujących następujące metody badawcze: porozymetrię helową (Por.He), spektrometrię jądrowego rezonansu magnetycznego (NMR), porozymetrię rtęciową (Por.Hg) i przepuszczalność absolutną (przepuszcz). Utworzono macierze korelacji dla wszystkich dostępnych parametrów, do pracy wybrano korelacje istotne, o najwyższym współczynniku korelacji liniowej. Zaobserwowano istotne zależności liniowe pomiędzy parametrami wyznaczonymi z analizy obrazów CT i innych metod badawczych. Uzyskano modele pozwalające na szacowanie przepuszczalności, porowatości i zawartości wody nieredukowalnej na podstawie parametrów geometrycznych otrzymanych z obrazów tomograficznych (współczynnik kształtu, charakterystyka Eulera czy powierzchnia właściwa). W efekcie możliwe jest wstępne oszacowanie parametrów petrofizycznych jedynie na bazie wyników z nieniszczącej metody CT. W przypadku obrazowania tomograficznego pełnych rdzeni uzyskane związki pozwalają na wstępną estymację rozkładu porowatości i gęstości objętościowej w całym rdzeniu, co może być pomocne podczas typowania miejsc do poboru próbek rdzeni przeznaczonych do szczegółowych badań laboratoryjnych.
The history of UGS Strachocina investment as an example of success achieved by cooperation between a western company and Polish oil and gas companies
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Filar Bogdan , Miziołek Mariusz ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kawecki Mieczysław ,   Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA, Piaskowy Marek ,   Drill-Supp
Published: November 2021

In 2006 Oil and Gas Institute, Underground Gas Storage Department was given the task of designing the UGS Strachocina working volume, production and injection rates enlargement. Gas storage Strachocina is located in the south eastern part of Poland, near Sanok. The UGS Department ran some analysis before that date, which gave us the answer that the old vertical well technology would not be enough to achieve investment success. We knew that we needed to use horizontal well technology in which we had no experience at all. At that time there were only a few horizontal wells drilled in Poland. We decided to start cooperation with the company Baker Hughes, and asked them to help us to design the drilling technology and well completions. We knew that we needed to drill 8 horizontal wells in difficult reservoir conditions. Based on Baker Hughes’ recommendations, the EXALO Polish drilling company’s experience and the Institute’s knowledge of storage reservoir geology, the trajectories of 8 new wells were designed. Working with Baker Hughes, we designed the well completion based on expandable filters, the second time this type of completion technology had been used in the world at that time. During drilling, we were prepared for drilling fluid losses because of the extensive Strachocina reservoir’s natural fracture system. The investment was in doubt during the drilling of the first two horizontal wells because of huge drilling fluid losses and the inability of drilling the horizontal section length as designed. We lost 4000 cubic metres of drilling fluid in a one single well. During the drilling of the 2nd well, we asked Baker Hughes to help us to improve the drilling technology. Our partners from Baker Hughes prepared the solution in 3 weeks, and so we were able to use this new technology on the 3rd well drilled. It turned out that we could drill a longer horizontal section with less drilling fluid loss. The paper will show the idea of the project, the team building process, the project problems solved by the team, decisions made during the UGS Strachocina investment and the results. It will show how combining “western” technology and experience with “eastern” knowledge created a success story for all partners.
Structural reorganization of the white matter pathways of the brain in patients with spastic diplegia after translingual neurostimulation
Authors: Anpilogova K. S. , Chegina D. S. , Ignatova T. S. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Trufanov G. E.
Published: November 2021

Background. Spastic diplegia (Little’s disease) is the most common form of infantile cerebral palsy (ICP), leading to persistent motor and functional impairments. One promising area of rehabilitation is a combination of physical therapy with methods of stimulation of various parts of the nervous system, among which functional electrical stimulation of muscles and nerves is the most prominent.Objective. To study structural changes of cerebral white matter conduction pathways in patients with spastic diplegia after translingual neurostimulation using magnetic resonance tractography.Materials and Methods. An open single center-controlled study was conducted. A total of 18 children were examined. All patients underwent comprehensive MRI in two time points, before and after a course of translingual neurostimulation, on a tomograph with magnetic field induction 3.0 Tesla, which included a traditional protocol in 3 mutually perpendicular planes), and diffusion-weighted imaging — DWI (Diffusion-Weight Imaging).Results. All patients after neurostimulation showed clinical improvement of movement coordination and decrease of muscle tone with formation of new motor skills, improvement of limb motor function. Statistically significant decrease of spasticity index was revealed up to 17% for arms and 23% for legs, improvement of motor skills on all three scales.Conclusion. Translingual neurostimulation allows to affect all components of motor activity, as a result of which neuroplasticity processes are activated and the brain of patients with spastic diplegia becomes more receptive to motor rehabilitation aimed at restoration of motor control and formation of new motor skills.
​Effects of Rumen-protected Glucose Supplementation on Growth Performance, Body Measurements and Plasma Biochemical Indices of Fattening Chinese Simmental Bulls
Authors: Li Lingyan , Guan Xianchao , Wang Hongliang , Zhao Fuzhong , Qu Yongli
Published: November 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of rumen-protected glucose (RPG) supplementation on growth performance, body measurements and plasma biochemical indices of Simmental bulls in Northeast China during the fattening period. Methods: A 90 d feedlot study was conducted using thirty Simmental bulls (body weight = 444.3±26.9 kg). Bulls were randomly allocated into three groups to receive a basal total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented daily with 0 g RPG (control, Con), 100 g RPG (RPG100) or 300 g RPG (RPG300) per bull. Growth performance, body measurements and plasma biochemical indices were evaluated. Result: The greater ADG (P less than 0.05) and lower feed efficiency value (P less than 0.01) were found for bulls fed RPG compared to CON diet. Bulls fed RPG had increased body height and chest girth growth compared with CON diet (P less than 0.05). The plasma glucose (GLC) concentration was higher for bulls fed RPG300 diet than CON and RPG100 diets (P less than 0.01). Nonestesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was lower for RPG compared with CON treatment (P less than 0.05). Our analysis suggests that a daily supplement of 300 g RPG is an effective way to increase the body’s total GLC provision and thus improve the growth performance of Simmental bulls during the fattening period.
Ethnobotany of Valuable Medicinal Plants Available in Chhattisgarh Plain Region of Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Bisen N.K. , Sarvade S. , Gaur V.S. , Gautam K.
Published: November 2021

Background: Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh is one of the largest tribal dominated district in Central India. Baiga and Gond are the main two tribes of the Baihar, Birsa, Paraswada, Langi, Kirnapur, Katangi, Balaghat, Waraseoni and Lalbarra tehsils of Balaghat district. These tribes have enormous knowledge about medicinal properties of the plant species available in natural ecosystems (forests and grasslands). Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the plants used by these tribes for seminal debility and other diseases. Methods: Survey was carried out during 2019-20 in Biahar, Birsa, Paraswada, Langi, Kirnapur, Katangi, Lalburra and Waraseoni tehsils of the district Balaghat. Judgmental/purposive sampling method used to collect the required information from the tribes of the locality. Result: Total 35 most important plants were used for curing various diseases and injuries. Along with their botanical description, we explained the method of intake of the plant medicines to cure the diseases. Around 39% of the plants used to cure seminal debility comes under herb category whereas shrub (28%), climber (11%), grass (6%), twiner (6%), small tree (5%) and big tree (5%). Whereas, 76% herbs utilized for curing other diseases, followed by shrub (18%) and twiner (6%).
Assessment of Yield Gaps and Economics through Frontline Demonstration in Participatory Mode on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Eastern Zone of Haryana
Authors: Leharwan Munish , Singh Mohar , Kumar Rakesh , Saraswat Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Yogesh , Kumar T.V. Arun
Published: November 2021

Background: Cluster frontline demonstration (CFLD) with improved technology plays a vital role in enhancing the production potential of pulses as well as socio-economic level of farmers and it also proved that it improves soil heath through crop diversification by optimizing diversified microhabitats that benefit soil microbial community. Methods: KVK, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal (Haryana) conducted 220 demonstrations on chickpea variety HC-1 and HC-5 over an area of 80 ha during Rabi season 2017-18 to 2020-21. The demonstrated technology was improved variety HC-1 and HC-5, optimum seed rate and spacing, seed and soil treatment with bio-fungicide and application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module for the management of diseases and insects. Result: The result of the CFLDs showed that on an average yield of chickpea seed under improved technology, ranged from 11.41 q/ha to 20 q/ha which was 25.06 per cent more as compared to farmer practices. The study depicted, the mean technology gap of 9.01 q/ha, the mean extension gap of 3.70 q/ha and the mean technology index of 36.7 per cent. The study concluded that from one hectare a net income of Rs. 47565/- can be obtained, additional return of Rs. 10404/- effective gain of Rs. 8289 and B:C ratio obtained were 2.63 under incorporation of improved technology as compared to local check. By conducting CFLD of proven technologies, yield of crop could be enhanced to a great extent with ultimately increment in the income level of small and marginal farmers.
Reseña Dédalo de Camilo Bogoya
Authors: Rodríguez Chaparro Johana Isaura
Published: November 2021

Dédalo: figura mitológica, más antigua que las grandes edificaciones que inundan a Bogotá, a Buenos Aires, a Rio de Janeiro u otras de las grandes ciudades contemporáneas, con edificios creados por arquitectos que como Dédalo trazaron las esquinas y profundidades de grandes museos, parlamentos o gobernaciones. Pero cuenta el mito de Dédalo que, en lugar de ser el arquitecto visionario capaz de erigir esos grandes edificios que vemos en el panorama de una ciudad, construyó, por petición del rey Minos, el laberinto más monumental de la historia de la mitología griega, ideado para mantener en una prisión perfecta al temible Minotauro de Creta.
Problematyka racjonalizacji kar za wykroczenia
Authors: Płońska Anna
Published: November 2021

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest zagadnienie racjonalizacji kar orzekanych na gruncie prawa wykroczeń. Autorka zwięźle przedstawia dyrektywy i zasady wymiaru poszczególnych kar za wykroczenia oraz wskazuje na potrzebę wprowadzenia zmian w tym zakresie. Przedstawione rozważania zasadniczo prowadzą do konstatacji, iż w obliczu nieuchronnej gruntownej nowelizacji unormowań kodeksu wykroczeń korzystne z punktu widzenia usprawnienia systemu kar za wykroczenia wydaje się nie tylko podnoszone przez doktrynę wyeliminowanie kary aresztu i pozostawienie do dyspozycji sędziego jedynie zastępczej kary aresztu w przypadku niewykonania innych kar, lecz także wyeliminowanie kary o charakterze symbolicznym, jaką jest nagana. Nadto autorka zauważa konieczność podwyższenia granic kary grzywny, które pozostają na niezmienionym poziomie od blisko ćwierćwiecza, oraz proponuje szersze zastosowanie kary ograniczenia wolności.
Problem „pro rata parte” na gruncie prawa karnego
Authors: Bróżek Patrycja
Published: November 2021

Szczególnie istotnym zagadnieniem w sytuacji orzekania przez sądy w toku procesu karnego o naprawieniu szkody wyrządzonej wspólnie przez kilka osób jest kwestia ustalenia zakresu, w jakim każda z nich będzie zobowiązana do jej zrekompensowania. Kodeks karny nie zawiera przepisów jednoznacznie regulujących tę materię. Problem ten może się pojawiać zarówno w przypadku nakładania obowiązku naprawienia szkody jako warunku probacyjnego i jako środka kompensacyjnego. Dotyczy nie tylko współsprawstwa, lecz także podżegania, pomocnictwa, sprawstwa kierowniczego czy nawet polecającego. W orzecznictwie i doktrynie proponuje się jego rozstrzygnięcie przez: orzeczenie wobec współsprawców obowiązku solidarnego naprawienia szkody; zobowiązanie każdego z nich do naprawienia szkody w całości; zobowiązanie ich w częściach równych lub pro rata parte; lub — w zależności od konkretnej sytuacji — odszkodowanie solidarne lub pro rata parte. Każde z tych rozwiązań znalazło zarówno swoich zwolenników, jak i oponentów, pojawiały się też stanowiska preferujące wariant pośredni. W niniejszej publikacji szczególna uwaga została poświęcona konstrukcji pro rata parte, bowiem na gruncie aktualnego stanu prawnego wydaje się ona rozwiązaniem najbardziej racjonalnym i sprawiedliwym. Natomiast w sytuacji niemożności dokonania przez sąd ustaleń dotyczących udziału poszczególnych sprawców w wyrządzonej szkodzie, bardziej uzasadnione może być orzeczenie takiego obowiązku w częściach równych. Zadaniem sądu jest ocena, jaki sposób naprawiania szkody jest najbardziej słuszny i wskazany w danych okolicznościach. Należy bowiem stwierdzić, że każda występująca w praktyce procesowej sprawa jest inna. Z tego też powodu sądy muszą mieć zawsze in cocnreto na uwadze różnorodne okoliczności odnoszące się co do wymiaru kary. Powinny też zadbać odpowiednio o to, aby szkoda wyrządzona pokrzywdzonemu została zrekompensowana w jak najpełniejszym zakresie.
Energy efficiency analysis of operation of rectifying and inverter transformers for direct current traction substations
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Neugodnikov Yuriy Pavlovich , Neugodnikov Ivan Pavlovich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The paper considers schemes, main technical characteristics, parameters and operation modes of rectifying and inverter transformers that are used on direct current traction substations of the Sverdlovsk Railway. The authors have carried out an analysis of volumes of returned recuperation energy in relation to power consumption on traction of trains. As a result, the authors have determined a potential of recuperation on sections of the Sverdlovsk Railway. They have suggested main measures aimed at increase of energy efficiency and reliability of rectifying and inverter transformers operation.
Assessment of efficiency of distribution centre at different variants of freight traffic consolidation
Authors:   Siberian Transport University (STU), Pserovskaya Elena Dmitrievna , Grefenshteyn Anna Pavlovna ,   Siberian Transport University (STU)
Published: November 2021

For the determination of a potential benefit from creation of a distribution centre the paper proposes a method and presents results of calculation of a decrease of total number of rides and total run of automobiles at various variants of goods consolidation. The authors have established a positive influence of the centre on intracity transportation. At the same time, high efficiency of the considered technology can be reached by involvement of a bigger number of consignees and by consolidation of a relatively small number of goods batches in one automobile at efficient routing and correct selection of location of a distribution centre.
Model of adaptive interaction of stations in transport node
Authors:   Research & Production Holding STRATEG, Kozlov Petr Alexeevich , Vakulenko Sergey Petrovich ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Kozlova Valeriya Petrovna ,   Research Сompany «Analytical and controlling systems on transport»
Published: November 2021

The paper is devoted to organization of adaptive operation in a transport node. As an example, the authors consider the Ust-Luga transport node that includes a marshalling station and six port stations. The adaptive interaction includes the following. The marshalling station is able to prepare transfer trains to port stations in two variants - with a detailed selection of car sets by berths and without it. In the first case, the marshalling station executes additional operations, but the delivery time reduces. In dependence to the situation car sets are prepared in one way or another. The paper suggests a model of adaptive interaction that selects an optimal variant for all conditions. The model can become a basis for creation of adaptive operation of the transport node.
Development of tests of increased reliability sensors for inspection system of axle box heating
Authors:   Scientific and Production Firm «KostaTest» LLC, Kozeev Evgeniy Viktorovich , Samoshkin Oleg Sergeevich ,   JSC «Federal Passenger Company», Popov Evgeniy Nikolaevich ,   JSC Scientific Organization «Tver Institute of Car Engineering», Volkov Valeriy Evgenyevich ,   JSC Scientific Organization «Tver Institute of Car Engineering»
Published: November 2021

All the domestic passenger cars since 1960 are produced only on bogies with roller bearings. A transition to roller bearings demanded the cars to be equipped with inspection system of axle box heating. It is necessary because axle box be heated over a specified temperature that leads to deterioration of the oil lubricity. The main element of the inspection system of axle box heating is a thermal sensor that is installed on each axle box. Nowadays, bolster bogies of all models are equipped with type 393 thermal sensors. At introduction of new bolsterless bogies the installation of the type 393 thermal sensors on the axle boxes was carried out with the use of special brass adapter. The observations in operation showed insufficient reliability of the inspection system of axle box heating in bolsterless bogies. Consequently, the authors have carried out research on new increased reliability thermal sensors. The pilot batch has passed preliminary and acceptance rig tests. On the results of the rig tests it has been decided to carry out an under-control operation on mainline passenger cars. The under-control operation with new sensors has been carried out on the basis of the Novosibirsk passenger wagon depot. On the basis of its results the authors have established the required temperature of the inspection system of axle box heating actuation.
Мodel for detecting and evaluating the fire hazard of spark discharges in the electrical networks of passenger cars based on the use of fiber- optic sensors
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Khanis Vladislav Andreevich , Bespalko Sergey Valeryevich ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Klyuchikov Igor Alexeevich ,   Kursk State University (KSU), Khanis Andrey Leonidovich ,   Southwest State University (SWSU), Khanis Anna Andreevna ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: November 2021

The paper substantiates an approach to assessing the fire hazard of spark discharges in the electrical equipment elements of passenger cars of rolling stock based on the detection of optical flashes using fiber-optic sensors. The presented numerical model makes it possible to realize the possibility of detecting and evaluating optical flashes of weak spark discharges on potentially fire-hazardous electrical contacts in the electrical networks of passenger cars. To solve this problem, it seems appropriate to place sensors of electrical discharges using optical fibers to deliver to them the radiation of optical flashes of spark discharges from fire-hazardous spatially remote elements of the electrical network.
Calculation of operating costs on change of train weight
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Podverbnyy Vyacheslav Anatolyevich , Kholodov Petr Nikolaevich ,   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU)
Published: November 2021

The urgency of studying this issue when designing a new railway line in the Irkutsk region is shown. The existing methodology for calculating operating costs on change of train weight is considered and the main questions for the study are formulated. The dependences of the annual operating costs associated with the change of train weight on the smaller mass of the train at the point of change of train weight are investigated. A program for calculating operating costs on change of train weight has been developed. A test example is considered for two variants of the route of the projected line with diesel traction (locomotive type - diesel locomotive 2TE10M) when the mass of the train is broken at the Uzlovaya station.
Carrying load of column poles of railway bridges that are designed according the I-st principle on permafrost ground
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU), Shvets Yaroslav Alexeevich , Zhuravlev Alexander Yuryevich ,   Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU)
Published: November 2021

The paper presents results of development of a method for determination of carrying load of column poles of railway bridges that are based on permafrost ground and designed according the I-st principle. It also shows the necessity to use methods of mathematical modeling for determination of thermal mode of permafrost ground in the foundation of artificial constructions, which will allow forecasting the carrying load of bridge poles for any term of operation. As a result, the paper shows an algorithm for calculation and forecasting of carrying load of bridge poles at degradation of permafrost in their foundation.
Experimental substantiation of expediency for improvement of method for project calculations of gas stations
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Technical University (YSTU), Sokolov Alexander Viktorovich , Markelov Alexander Vladimirovich ,   Yaroslavl State Technical University (YSTU), Maslennikov Valeriy Alexandrovich ,   Ivanovo State Polytechnic University (ISPU), Ustinov Dmitriy Alexееvich ,   Ivanovo State Polytechnic University (ISPU)
Published: November 2021

In the basis of a method for substantiating of a main parameter of gas stations lays a deterministic approach, according to which a capacity of the station on the number of stoppings in a day is determined by the daily average intensity of car traffic on a road in the place of its location, length of a run, fuel consumption and capacity of fuel tanks. It is established that such dependence really exists, but it is not deterministic, it is probabilistic and statistical in nature. So, for the solution of the task it is necessary to use appropriate mathematical methods. Consequently, the purpose of the paper is in an experimental test of results of a theoretical research on development of a new method for design substantiation of gas stations executed on the basis of a queueing theory mathematical apparatus, a comparative analysis of the standard and the proposed methods. The new method is based on an analytical apparatus of the queueing theory with the limit on the queue length, reliability theory, economic and mathematical modeling. Studies showed that a synthesis of the specified methods gives a positive result. A method developed on their basis provides an acceptable on accuracy analytical determination of number of various vehicles stoppings for refuelling that guarantees a high reliability of determination for a number of fuel dispensers, a number and capacity of fuel storage tanks on a designed gas station. The use of the proposed method for calculation of the number of stoppings on the gas station will increase the reliability of technological calculation at development of construction business plans and at feasibility studies and designing of gas stations.
Study of configuration problems of arc-suppression coils
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kovalev Alexey Anatolyevich , Lobastov Sergey Viktorovich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The paper considers methods of configuration of arc-suppression coils in cable, air and mixed distribution networks of 6-35 kV. A special attention the authors have dedicated to influence of external factors (natural unbalance of network and interference) on configuration quality, as well as the maintenance of value of neutral point displacement voltage in acceptable limits. As a result, the authors have analysed the existing methods and suggested mew ones for elimination of influence of the specified factors.