bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-occurring Luzula species (Juncaceae) of different ploidies in alpine grasslands of the Eastern Alps exhibit negligible ecological differentiation at small geographic scale
Authors: Geurden Jonas , Heimer Valentin , Frajman Božo
Published: January 2025

Luzula sect. Luzula is a taxonomically challenging group of angiosperms, whose evolutionary history has been shaped by polyploidy and agmatoploidy (fragmentation of holocentric chromosomes). Several species with different chromosome sizes and numbers, ranging from diploids to hexaploids, occur above timberline in the Eastern Alps. Species of different ploidies frequently co-occur in the same habitats, but the extent of ecological divergence and niche partitioning among them remains elusive, partly due to their high morphological similarity impeding reliable identification. Here, we focused on three mixed-ploidy sites in the Eastern Alps, where morphologically similar alpine species L. exspectata (diploid), L. alpina (tetraploid) and L. multiflora (its hexaploid populations) co-occur. We inferred there ploidy via flow cytometry and characterised their small-scale ecological differentiation using Landolt indicator values of accompanying species that revealed limited ecological divergence between co-occurring ploidies. While diploid L. exspectata is associated with slightly more basophilic microsite conditions, as it mostly occurs over limestone, no such differentiation was observed between tetraploid L. alpina and hexaploid L. multiflora. Our results indicate that small-scale co-occurrence of different cytotypes within Luzula sect. Luzula in alpine habitats is accompanied by only a slight niche partitioning, whereas there were significant differences in ecological parameters among the sites. These findings emphasise the influence of geography and geology on ecological microsite conditions and suggest that local niche divergence between ploidies is negligible compared to site-specific effects. Different ploidies thus likely have more divergent ecology at a distribution-wide scale than at a local scale
Leveraging the bioactive potential of forest foods to improve dietary diversity and prevent cancer risk in Northeast India
Authors: Patrick Devaprasanna , Ramaswamy Jancirani , Palanisamy T. , Raman Raghu , Nedungadi Prema
Published: January 2025

Background
Natural solutions are increasingly sought for their potential to harness locally available food resources (LAFRs) and nontimber forest products (NTFPs) to reduce cancer risk among the Mizo tribal communities in Aizawl, Mizoram, India. Given that the prevalence of cancer is greater than that in neighboring states, understanding the dietary practices of these communities and leveraging local resources for their anticancer properties are critical. This study highlights the need to mitigate cancer incidence through improved dietary diversity and the incorporation of natural resource-based bioactive-rich foods, which aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 3 (good health and well-being).
Methods
A mixed-method approach was employed, combining structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to assess diet diversity among 170 Mizo tribes (78 females and 92 males) aged 27–54 years. Data collection included 24-hour dietary recall over seven consecutive days. Statistical analysis compared the actual intake of ten food groups with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommendations.
Results
This study revealed significant inadequacies in diet diversity among the Mizo tribes. Additionally, a comprehensive review of 121 scientific papers examined the anticancer properties of LAFRs and NTFPs. The review identified 60 LAFRs and 25 NTFPs demonstrating promising anticancer properties that require further clinical studies.
Conclusions
In conclusion, aligning nutritional interventions and community health initiatives with scientific evidence is essential. Leveraging the region's biodiversity and incorporating bioactive-rich nutraceuticals into the diet may improve overall health and reduce the incidence of cancer among these communities.
The Prangos Ferulacea (Jashir) on the Candida Vulvovaginitis: A Study Protocol of clinical trial
Authors: ghiasi Leila , Goudarzi Fatemeh , Sadeghi Hosein , Gharaghani Maral , Hekmatzadeh Seyedeh Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Background: Candida vulvovaginitis is one of the most common infections among women of reproductive age, ranking as the second leading cause of visits to gynecology clinics. purpose of the study is to document the effect of Prangos Ferulacea (Jashir) on the Treatment of Candida Vulvovaginitis.
Methods: This study is designed as a randomized, double-blind clinical trial that will include 112 participants divided into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. The trial will be conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Eligible participants will be married women aged 15–45 years who present with at least two clinical symptoms (cheesy vaginal discharge and itching), a Sobel score of ≥4, and a confirmed positive Candida culture. The control group will receive clotrimazole vaginal cream, instructed to apply 5 grams intravaginally using an applicator each night for one week. The intervention group will follow the same application protocol but will use a vaginal cream formulated with Prangos Ferulacea (Jashir).
Discussion: This, along with the coagulation of cellular components, results in the degradation and death of fungal cells.
Conclusion:. The findings are expected to offer new insights into the potential of this herbal remedy as an alternative to azole-based antifungal treatments, paving the way for more accessible and safer therapeutic options.
AI-Derived Electronic Tumor Marker (e19-9) Can Measure Treatment Response and Outcomes in CA19-9 Non-Producers with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kothari Anai , Thalji Sam , Aldakkak Mohammed , SenthilKumar Gopika , Belbahri Mouloud , Shaik Tahseen , Jaraczewski Taylor , Merrill Jennifer , Ramamurthi Adhitya , Banerjee Anjishnu , Taylor Bradley , Kamgar Mandana , George Ben , Erickson Beth , Hall William , Lytle Nikki , Seo Yongwoo , Christians Kathleen , Clarke Callisia , Evans Douglas , Tsai Susan
Published: January 2025

Background
Clinicians use Cancer Antigen 19 − 9 (CA19-9) to assess treatment response and inform clinical decisions for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, nearly 30% of patients with PDAC do not have an elevated CA19-9.
Methods
Using electronic health data, an artificial intelligence-based electronic tumor marker (e19-9) was created using common serum laboratory values to predict the expected CA19-9 level. The association between e19-9 and clinical outcomes was then measured in patients with PDAC who did not have an elevated CA19-9.
Results
The value of e19-9 was informative for predicting both completion of treatment and metastatic progression. Post-treatment e19-9 was independently associated with overall survival. A decline in e19-9 of at least 50% over treatment (AUC 0.79), and a post-treatment e19-9 of < 100 (AUC 0.84), mirror the clinical utility of CA19-9 for predicting the same outcomes.
Conclusions
The e19-9 correlates with important clinical outcomes among patients that do not have an elevated CA19-9 biomarker and has potential to guide clinical decisions.
Efficacy, safety, and biomarker changes of B-cell activating factor- and A proliferation-inducing ligand-targeted therapies in IgA nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Borges Rafael dos Santos , Santos Rodrigo Lara , de Paula Luiza Haikal , Martins Jefferson Manoel Borges , de Sousa Pedro Antônio Machado Gomes , Berton Giovanni Gosch , Silva Ana Cristina Simões e
Published: January 2025

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide. BAFF (B-cell activating factor) and APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand) are cytokines involved in B-cell activation and survival, contributing to the pathogenesis of IgAN. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and biomarkers of BAFF and APRIL-targeted therapies in patients with IgAN.
Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024598157). We searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing BAFF or APRIL-targeted drugs with placebo in adults with biopsy-confirmed IgAN. The efficacy outcomes were the mean percent change in the urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) at 24 hours and the mean change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline. Safety included the incidence of adverse events. The biomarkers were changes in serum Gd-IgA1, IgG, IgA, and IgM from baseline. We used the R software version 4.2.1 for statistics.
Results: Four phase II RCTs including 331 patients were included. Compared to placebo, treatment significantly reduced 24-hour UPCR (mean difference [MD] –38.94%; 95% confidence interval [CI] –58.98 to –18.90; p = 0.0001; I² = 0%) and significantly improved eGFR (MD 7.05 mL/min/1.73 m²; 95% CI 3.83 to 10.27; p<0.0001; I²=0%). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly in the treatment and placebo groups. The drug significantly decreased serum Gd-IgA1, IgG, IgA, and IgM compared to placebo.
Conclusions BAFF and APRIL-targeted therapies effectively and safely reduce proteinuria in patients with IgAN.
Robot-Assisted versus Video-Assisted Lobectomy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (RAVAR): Study Protocol of a Prospective, Multicentre, Open-Label, Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhu Teng-Fei , Yang Mu-Zi , Ling Li , Yi Jun , Peng Zhong-Min , Liao Yong-De , Gou Yun-Jiu , Liu Hong-Xu , Jiao Wen-Jie , Xu Quan , Du Ming , Wang Yun , Qiao Gui-Bin , Jiang Ben-Yuan , Qi Yu , Yan Xiao-Long , Wang Guang-Suo , Yu Ben-Tong , Qiao Kun , Li Ming , Li Bin , Hu Bin , Xiong Rong-Sheng , Yue Wei-Ming , Zhang Ni , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Tian Hui , Yang Hao-Xian
Published: January 2025

Background
Video-assisted lobectomy (VAL) and robot-assisted lobectomy (RAL) are recommended standard treatments for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, comparisons of long-term survival between VAL and RAL are controversial because of the lack of robust evidence from prospective multicentre randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
Method
We are conducting a prospective multicentre RCT to evaluate whether RAL is non-inferior to VAL in terms of long-term survival in patients with clinical stage T1-2N0-1M0 (stage I-II) NSCLC who underwent lobectomies (RAVAR study). A total of 1,124 patients will be enrolled from multiple institutions. The primary endpoint is the five-year disease-free survival rate. The secondary endpoints include five-year overall survival and short-term outcomes, such as perioperative complications, length of postoperative hospital stay, operation time, number of dissected lymph nodes, chest tube duration, pain score, and total cost of hospitalisation. The Ethics Committee of the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center approved the study protocol in May 2020, and patient enrolment began in August 2020. Approval was obtained from each institutional ethics committee before initiating patient enrolment.
Discussion
This multicentre RCT compares the long-term outcomes of RAL and VAL in resectable early-stage NSCLC. The expected results of this study will determine whether RAL can achieve satisfactory long-term outcomes that are not inferior to those of VAL in patients with early-stage NSCLC, thereby providing high-level evidence for a minimally invasive approach for these patients.
Trial registration
The protocol of RAVAR trial was registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry as ChiCTR2000034737 (registration date: July 17, 2020) and ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT06524427 (registration date: July 29, 2024). Date of First Participant Enrollment: August 26, 2020.
Corrosion behavior of Limnoperna fortunei on carbon steel in freshwater environments
Authors: Liu Yuhan , He Xiaoyan , Yang Ying , Yuan Xianfu , Zhou Ziquan , Bai Xiuqin , Yuan Chengqing
Published: January 2025

Limnoperna fortunei (L. fortune), a representative macrofouling organism in freshwater environments, causes significant degradation to the surfaces of hydraulic engineering materials through prolonged adhesion. The corrosion behavior of L. fortunei on Q345 carbon steel in river water environments was investigated employing topography detection, rust layer identification, corrosion rate analysis, electrochemical measurements, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results demonstrated that the attachment of mussels decreased the overall corrosion rate of the steel surface, but significantly aggravated pitting corrosion, a localized and highly destructive form of material degradation. The corrosion behavior of Q345 steel in a freshwater environment influenced by L. fortunei was primarily driven by the formation of a restricted microenvironment beneath the mussel shells, which promoted localized anion enrichment, bacterial colonization, and the accumulation of aggressive secretions. These factors collectively intensified electrochemical heterogeneity, accelerating pitting initiation and propagation. These findings emphasize the critical need for mitigation strategies to address localized corrosion caused by biofouling in hydraulic engineering applications.
Sodium new houttuyfonate inhibits pancreatic cancer by suppressing the MAPK pathway and tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Yu Xin , Jiang Lihong , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) is derived from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT), which is a famous edible and medicinal plant in China. Although research findings suggest that SNH possesses anticancer properties, its role and mechanisms in pancreatic cancer remain unclear.
Methods
We investigated the effect of SNH on the malignant pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, apoptosis assays, transwell migration and electron microscopy. Additionally, we generated a mouse xenograft model to verify the potential anticancer effect of SNH in vivo. Moreover, RNA sequencing, immunohistochemical assay, and western blotting were performed on tumor cells and tissues to elucidate the potential regulatory pathways of SNH in pancreatic cancer.
Results
SNH treatment suppressed the proliferation and invasive abilities of pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 and SW1990). Additionally, SNH treatment significantly downregulated Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) expression in tumor tissues and cell lines. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that SNH inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Mechanistically, SNH downregulated FGF1 expression and inactivated the p38/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, thereby reducing tumor angiogenesis.
Conclusion
Our study revealed the anticancer effect of SNH in pancreatic cancer and provides a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Biogenic silver nanoparticles: Role of citric acid in nanoparticle stability and antimicrobial potency
Authors: Zeyadi Mustafa , Aldhahri Musab M. , Salwati Hamzah M. , Almulaiky Yaaser Q.
Published: January 2025

Nanotechnology has enabled the synthesis of novel materials with remarkable properties. Among these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via green method have emerged as an alternative eco-friendly approach with minimal waste product. This study investigates the synthesis of AgNPs at room temperature using grape leaf aqueous extract as a reducing agent and citric acid as a stabilizer and structure guiding agent. The effects of varying citric acid concentrations (10, 30, and 50 mM) on nanoparticle size, stability, and antimicrobial activity were examined. Characterization techniques, including SEM, EDS, UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD, confirmed successful nanoparticle formation. The absorption spectra of the synthesized samples showed SPR peaks between (420 nm-500 nm). The structure and shape of silver nanoparticles was greatly influenced by citric acid concentration. Antimicrobial assays against MRSA, E. coli, and Candida albicans revealed that AgNPs synthesized without citric acid exhibited strong activity, with inhibition zones of 17 mm, 15.5 mm, and 18.5 mm, respectively. The addition of 10 mM citric acid enhanced bacterial inhibition, with zones of 17.5 mm for MRSA and 16 mm for E. coli, and 17 mm for Candida albicans). Higher citric acid concentrations (30 and 50 mM) led to nanoparticle aggregation and diminished antimicrobial efficacy. This study highlights the potential of optimizing citric acid levels to develop stable and effective AgNPs for medical and environmental applications.
Periodic crossbreeding between laboratory and wild populations enhances fitness in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) infected with Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV-Hz)
Authors: Baca Carlos Ivan Rea- , Zuniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto , Baca-Lezama Petrona Ivania , Huerta Néstor Antonio , Laínez Ramón Ernesto Arróliga
Published: January 2025

Background
Helicoverpa zea is a polyphagous pest that causes damage to various crops during both flowering and fruiting stages. Despite being an economically significant pest in our country, studies on its biological and reproductive aspects have been limited. The general objective of this study was to determine the duration of the life cycle of Helicoverpa zea, host of the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV-Hz), across three generations (G1, G2, and G3) under laboratory conditions from March to December 2020. The general objective of this study was to determine the duration of the life cycle of Helicoverpa zea, host of the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV-Hz), across three generations (G1, G2, and G3) under laboratory conditions from March to December 2020.
Methodology:
The work began with the collection of biological material from corn crops, where third and fourth instar larvae were gathered and subsequently transferred to the quarantine laboratory. They underwent a quarantine process for two consecutive generations. After this, the insect breeding was moved to the rearing laboratory to evaluate the complete life cycle over three generations, ultimately establishing a breeding stock for the production of NPV-Hz. This was conducted in the noctuid insect rearing laboratory.
Results
The complete life cycle of Helicoverpa zea ranges from 40 to 46 days, with the following average durations: 4 days for the egg stage, 15 days for the larval stage, 11 days for the pupal stage, and 15 days for adults. Average oviposition rates per generation were 2,765 eggs for Generation I, 2,731 eggs for Generation II, and 2,881 eggs for Generation III, with the highest rate observed in Generation III. Average pupal weights increased progressively, with weight percentages of 32%, 33%, and 35% for Generations I, II, and III, respectively, indicating enhanced fitness in later generations due to periodic crossbreeding.
Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Drill String Rotation Orientation Tool
Authors: Tian Jialin , Li Qiaolin , Song Haolin
Published: January 2025

To address the issue of low drilling efficiency in horizontal wells, a Drilling String Rotary Orientation Tool (DROT) has been proposed, and its dynamic characteristics have been comprehensively examined. The dynamic model of drill string system has been established, and the axial dynamic response characteristics of the drill string system both with and without DROT are analyzed. The findings indicate that when the axial displacement of each drill string unit stabilizes following the use of tools, both the upper and lower limits of axial displacement increase, while the width of the fluctuation interval decreases. Further analysis of the impact of weight on bit and rotary torque within the system indicates that variations in rotary torque exert a more pronounced influence on the drill string system. Additionally, it is observed that the fluctuation range of axial displacement diminishes as rotary torque increases. Finally, after analyzing the lower limit of axial displacement and the rate of wear degree reduction, it is observed that the drilling string system equipped with the tool exhibits a positive displacement increase ratio. Furthermore, the wear degree reduction rate consistently remains above 0.6. This indicates that the introduction of the tool significantly enhances its effectiveness in reducing friction and resistance.
Differences in Backcourt Forehand Clear Stroke between Novice Players and Experienced Badminton Players: Based on Body Segment Acceleration Data
Authors: Huang Hui , Guo Zhenxiang , Zhao Minchen , Liu Meng , Dai Jin
Published: January 2025

Bcakground: Backcourt forehand clear stroke is a fundamental technique in badminton, yet the biomechanical differences between novice and experienced players remain in-completely understood. This study aimed to compare the kinematic characteristics of body segment acceleration during the backcourt forehand clear stroke between these two groups.
Methods: Forty-five participants (22 novice players with less than 2 years of experi-ence and 23 experienced players with over 5 years of competitive experience) were equipped with wireless accelerometers on key body segments (foot, calf, thigh, hip, shoulder, upper arm, forearm). Each participant performed 5 backcourt forehand clear strokes, and acceleration data were collected at 100 Hz. The mean values from the 5 repetitions of the forehand clear stroke were used for subsequent statistical analysis to ensure reliability and reduce variability.
Results: The results revealed significant differences in movement patterns between the groups. Novices consistently exhibited greater ranges of motion (ROMs) across most body segments, particularly at the hip, thigh, calf, and shoulder, with differences along all axes (p < 0.05). Minimum and maximum accelera-tions were also greater in novices (p < 0.05). Conversely, experienced players demon-strated lower acceleration fluctuations and greater stability, particularly in the upper arm and forearm (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that experienced players achieve more efficient movement patterns through refined motor control and reduced exces-sive motion. This research provides valuable insights for coaching interventions and technique refinement in badminton training programs, particularly for developing players.
Effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil bacterial communities and ecosystem functions in mining area
Authors: Bai Dong-sheng , Fan Qi-rui , Yan Min , Cao Hai-xia , Li Jun-jian
Published: January 2025

To investigate the characteristics of soil bacterial communities and ecosystem functions of different reclaimed vegetation types in reclaimed mine sites, we selected the surface soils of vegetation areas with no vegetation cover (CK), herbaceous plants (GL), poplar (GPL), and mixed forests (ML) as the research objects in this paper, and analyzed the characteristics of soil bacterial community diversity and composition and potential functions of soil bacterial communities in different vegetation types through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and fitted a comprehensive fertility index through principal component analysis (PCA) to comprehensively evaluate the quality of soil fertility in various aspects. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in soil physicochemical characteristics among different vegetation types, with ML mixed forests having the highest organic carbon and total nitrogen contents and the lowest electrical conductivity. Soil effective phosphorus and effective potassium were highest in the GL herbaceous area, with significantly higher soil sucrase and urease activities. (2) Soil bacterial community characteristics differed significantly (p < 0.05) among vegetation types, with higher soil bacterial community diversity in GL herbaceous plants and lower diversity but highest co-occurrence network complexity in ML mixed forests; (3) KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the abundance of pathways related to carbon, nitrogen and sulphur metabolism were all higher in the soil of GL herbaceous plants, and lowest in GPL poplar; (4) The results of the integrated fertility index fitting showed that the integrated fertility index of soil ponds was highest in the soil of GL herbaceous plants, and lower in the other types of soils. In summary, different vegetation restoration types were able to improve soil quality and soil bacterial community diversity, and the herbaceous-restored surface soil had higher levels of fertility and bacterial community function, providing empirical data for subsequent vegetation restoration in the area.
Development and Validation of a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Perinatal Women
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Li Rong , Qian Feifei , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Na
Published: January 2025

Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant complication among perinatal women. However, current tools for assessing VTE prevention are not suitable for pregnant women. In this study, we aim to develop and validate a VTE prevention knowledge, attitude and practice (VTE-KAP) questionnaire tailored to this population.
Methods
This study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved creating a preliminary item pool through a literature review and group discussions, followed by expert consultations and a pre-survey. Phase 2 involved validating the questionnaire, which began by screening the items using correlation and factor analyses. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and retest reliability. Furthermore, structural validity was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
Results
The finalised VTE-KAP questionnaire consists of 37 items. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.751 for the knowledge dimension and 0.901 for the practice dimension. Bartlett’s test for sphericity confirmed statistical significance (p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.913. Test-retest reliability for the overall questionnaire showed high stability, with coefficients for all dimensions exceeding 0.9 (0.993, 0.991, 0.988 and 0.994). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the robust structural validity of the scale.
Conclusion
The VTE-KAP questionnaire is effective and reliable in psychometrics. It can scientifically evaluate the KAP related to VTE prevention in pregnant women.
Innovatives, Durchflusszytometrie-basiertes System für Nachweis und Depletion von Humanantikörpern im Kell- Blutgruppensystem
Authors:   , Li Mehring Sophie
Published: January 2025

Vor jeder Bluttransfusion muss ein Antikörpersuchtest auf irreguläre Antikörper gegen die wichtigsten Blutgruppenantikörper durchgeführt werden. Das K (Kell)- Antigen im Kell-Blutgruppensystem ist nach RhD das zweitimmunogenste Antigen. Gegenwärtige Untersuchungsmethoden zum Immunisierungsstatus von Patienten basieren auf der Verwendung humaner Erythrozyten als Antigenquelle. Durch Polysensibilisierung oder Sensibilisierung gegen ein häufiges Antigen kann der Ausschluss weiterer irregulärer Antikörper verhindert werden, weil Antigen-negatives Testmaterial fehlt. Aus diesem Grund haben wir ein innovatives Durchflusszytometrie-basiertes Antikörper-Detektions- und Depletionssystem entwickelt, welches auf der Expression einzelner humaner Blutgruppensysteme in einer xenogenen Testzelle basiert. Hier untersuchten wir die Eignung des Testsystems im Kell Blutgruppensystem, weil die differenzielle Glykosylierung der Antigene K und k eine besondere, bisher nicht experimentell getestete Herausforderung darstellt. Es wurden Testzellen für Kell/Rautenberg (K/Kpb), Cellano/Rautenberg (k/Kpb) und „Kk-null“/Penny (K/k~/Kpa) sowie eine „Kk-null“/Rautenberg (K/k~/Kpb) Depletionszelle generiert. Bei Letzteren wurde die den K/k-Polymorphismus definierende Aminosäure durch eine nicht-natürlich vorkommende, mutmaßlich immunologisch „neutrale“ Aminosäure ersetzt. Insgesamt konnten 19 von 20 vorbeschriebenen anti-K-, ein anti-k- und zwei anti- Kpa-Antikörper bestätigt werden. Ebenso konnten aus einem kommerziellen anti- Kpb-Serum sowie sieben anti-K-Patientenplasmen die Antikörper spezifisch mit der „Kk-null“/Rautenberg Depletionszelle beziehungsweise der Kell/Rautenberg Testzelle depletiert werden. Die Sensitivität des Assays ist vergleichbar zu der konventionellen Gelagglutinationstechnik. Die Zellen können bis zu einer Woche stabilisiert werden. Die Experimente bestätigen die Eignung der neuen Technologie auch zur Darstellung glykosylierter Blutgruppenmerkmale.
Delayed Harvest Reduces Postharvest Quality and Storability of Southern Highbush cv. Meadowlark and Rabbiteye Blueberry cv. Brightwell
Authors: Godara Amit , Rubio Ames Zilfina , Deltsidis Angelos
Published: January 2025

Blueberries are produced worldwide due to their high demand and antioxidant benefits. Berry quality, including texture, flavor, and antioxidant properties, influence consumer preferences and marketability. Harvesting blueberries at shorter intervals is essential for maintaining fruit quality, including firmness and flavor, while also minimizing postharvest losses. This study investigated the effects of delayed harvests on the postharvest quality of ‘Meadowlark’, a highbush blueberry, and ‘Brightwell’, a rabbiteye blueberry, harvested from two different locations in South Georgia in 2022 and 2023. The treatments consisted of harvest dates, with two harvests in 2022 and three harvests in 2023, followed by three storage-duration treatments (7, 14, and 21 days of storage) to evaluate postharvest quality. Fruit firmness, berry diameter, color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, berry damage (%), and anthocyanin concentration were assessed at harvest and following storage days. In both cultivars, harvest 1 showed higher fruit firmness and storability compared with harvests 2 and 3 in 2023. During storage, the decline in firmness was higher in harvests 2 and 3 compared with harvest 1. Fruit from the delayed harvests exhibited the highest percentage of berry damage both at harvest and after 21 days of storage. Anthocyanin concentration varied across cultivars and years, with berries from harvest 2 having a higher anthocyanin concentration at harvest in 2022 and 2023 in the Brightwell cultivar. Overall, this study highlights the importance of optimizing harvest dates to maintain the postharvest quality and shelf life of blueberries.
Determination of the oxidation state of iron in calcic pyroxene using the electron microprobe flank method
Authors: Cao Yonghua , Xing Chang-Ming , Wang Christina Yan , Ping Xianquan
Published: January 2025

Pyroxene is an important carrier of ferric iron in basalt and the upper mantle. Understanding the influence of pyroxene crystallization on the oxygen fugacity of magma relies on accurate knowledge of the oxidation state of iron, expressed as the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio, in pyroxene. To accurately determine the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio in pyroxene using an electron probe microanalysis, we present nine natural pyroxene samples, including one aegirine, one hedenbergite, one diopside, and six augites, for the calibration of the flank method for pyroxene. The aegirine sample is rich in the aegirine end-member with an Fe3+/ΣFe ratio of 0.98 ± .01 (1σ), while the hedenbergite sample is rich in the hedenbergite end-member and free of ferric iron. The augite and diopside samples contain variable ferric iron, with the Fe3+/ΣFe ratios varying from 0.21 to 0.39. Based on the flank positions of FeLα and FeLβ determined by natural andradite and almandine, we measured the Fe Lβ/Lα ratios at the flank positions for the pyroxene samples. The results demonstrate a positive linear relationship between the Fe Lβ/Lα ratios and the Fe2+ content of the pyroxene samples. The Fe2+ contents and Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of the pyroxene samples, obtained through a multiple linear regression equation, align closely with those determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. This method yields Fe2+ content and Fe3+/ΣFe ratios with an error of ±0.3 wt.% and ±0.06, respectively, for calcic pyroxene containing 7 wt.% total FeO. These well-characterized natural pyroxene samples can serve as reference materials for determining the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio in unknown calcic pyroxene.
Formation mechanism of boehmite and diaspore in karstic bauxites: trace element geochemistry in source materials using large sample geochemical dataset and random forest model
Authors: QI HUI , ZHANG SHENG-QIANG , LV KAI-NING , YUAN GUO-LI , DONG PEI-PEI , LI YING-JIE , LI JUN , LIU XUE-FEI
Published: January 2025

Boehmite and diaspore are the two economic ore minerals of karstic bauxites. Although their genesis has been studied from different perspectives, their formation mechanism is controversial. Random forest (RF) model of machine learning was employed to extract the combining characteristics of trace elements in boehmite-type bauxite (BTB) and diaspore-type bauxite (DTB). The BTB predominantly exhibits higher median concentrations of Co, Ni, V, and Cr, while the DTB exhibits a more significant enrichment in elements of U, Hf, Th, and Zr. Combining the characteristics of La/Yb and Ga/Al ratios, it is found that disparities between BTB and DTB are mirroring to those between basic rocks and intermediate-felsic rocks. Furthermore, the Zr-Cr-Ga diagram and Ni/Zr versus Cr/Zr plot were utilized to examine the correlation between karstic bauxite (BTB or DTB), lateritic bauxite, and their respective weathered parent rocks. It is found that BTB exhibits consistent characteristics with lateritic bauxite weathered from basic rock and its parent rocks. Similarly, DTB displays consistent characteristics with lateritic bauxite weathered from intermediate-felsic rock and its parent rocks. Through studying the relationship between Ni content and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios, it has been discovered that the presence of trace elements like Ni in source materials can affect or regulate ore-forming process, ultimately driving the transformation of gibbsite into either boehmite or diaspore. Consequently, the formation of BTB and DTB is significantly influenced, or even governed, by the composition of their source materials. Our study initially highlights a novel insight into the significant impact of source material’s geochemical composition on the formation of boehmite and diaspore, which is associated with weathered igneous rocks categories.
Compactness of quantics tensor train representations of local imaginary-time propagators
Authors: Takahashi Haruto , Sakurai Rihito , Shinaoka Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

Space-time dependence of imaginary-time propagators, vital for ab initio and many-body calculations based on quantum field theories, has been revealed to be compressible using Quantum Tensor Trains (QTTs) [Phys. Rev. X 13, 021015 (2023)]. However, the impact of system parameters, like temperature, on data size remains underexplored. This paper provides a comprehensive numerical analysis of the compactness of local imaginary-time propagators in QTT for one-time/-frequency objects and two-time/-frequency objects, considering truncation in terms of the Frobenius and maximum norms. To study worst-case scenarios, we employ random pole models, where the number of poles grows logarithmically with the inverse temperature and coefficients are random. The Green’s functions generated by these models are expected to be more difficult to compress than those from physical systems. The numerical analysis reveals that these propagators are highly compressible in QTT, outperforming the state-of-the-art approaches such as intermediate representation and discrete Lehmann reprensentation. For one-time/-frequency objects and two-time/-frequency objects, the bond dimensions saturate at low temperatures, especially for truncation in terms of the Frobenius norm. We provide counting-number arguments for the saturation of bond dimensions for the one-time/-frequency objects, while the origin of this saturation for two-time/-frequency objects remains to be clarified. This paper’s findings highlight the critical need for further research on the selection of truncation methods, tolerance levels, and the choice between imaginary-time and imaginary-frequency representations in practical applications.
Association Analysis Using Apriori Algorithm of GANs-Expanded Student Performance Dataset
Authors: Sumacot Rannie M.
Published: January 2025

Traditional datasets are often limited, which can affect the accuracy of analyses. Additionally, the use of students’ real data raises privacy concerns. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) offer a solution by generating synthetic data that closely mirrors real-world data without compromising sensitive information. The research explored the application of GANs to enhance student performance datasets by addressing challenges related to data scarcity and privacy in educational research. In the research, GANs were utilized to generate synthetic student performance data. The accuracy of the data was assessed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), with values ranging from 0.004% to 19.92% across various statistical measures and means. These results demonstrated the reliability of the synthetic data, making it suitable for further analysis. The synthetic datasets were then analyzed using the Apriori algorithm, a well-known method in data mining for discovering significant patterns and relationships. A lower bound minimum support of 0.1 (10%) and a minimum confidence threshold of 0.6 (60%) were applied, ensuring the identification of meaningful associations. The analysis reveals important patterns and relationships among student attributes and behaviors. The research highlights the potential of GANs to advance data-driven educational research. By generating high-quality synthetic data, GANs allow researchers to conduct comprehensive analyses while addressing privacy concerns. The research contributes to the methodological approach to data augmentation in education, offering new opportunities for ethical and robust research.
A Study on Improvement Strategies for Revitalizing the E-Publishing Market: Focusing on the Perceptions of Domestic Publishing Experts
Authors:   The Korean Publishing Science Society, Kim Dong Hyuk , Lee Eun Ho
Published: January 2025

This study begins with the observation that the production of content for electronic publications is increasing, and digital reading is expanding. It aims to examine strategies for revitalizing the e-publishing market. To this end, the study seeks to understand the perceptions of professionals in the domestic publishing ecosystem and related fields regarding the e-publishing market and reading environment. Furthermore, it aims to explore potential strategies for enhancing the e-publishing market and improving the digital reading environment in the future. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the e-publishing market is still in its growth phase, and there is a need to improve the awareness of publishers and authors about e-books. Second, from the perspectives of content production and distribution, the industry requires strategies to diversify content offerings while providing readers with novel and engaging e-book experiences. Third, supporting the discovery of “killer content” and exploring practical cases and methods for developing e-book content are crucial for fostering the growth of e-books. Based on these findings, this study is expected to serve as a valuable resource for identifying effective strategies for revitalizing the e-publishing market and promoting e-book adoption.
Advances and Challenges in Molecular Docking Applied to Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: de Angelo Rafaela Molina , Nascimento Lucas Alex , Encide João Pedro Portilho , Barbosa Henrique , Ghilardi Lago João Henrique , da Silva Emery Flávio , Honorio Kathia Maria
Published: January 2025

The discovery of new drugs for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is challenging
due to the complexity of parasite-host interactions, causing resistance and the
scarcity of financial resources. However, computational techniques, particularly molecular
docking, have made significant advancements. This approach allows for the virtual
screening of large compound libraries against specific molecular targets in parasites, efficiently
cost-effectively identifying potential drug candidates. On the other hand, reverse
docking seeks biological targets that can interact with specific substances of interest, integrating
structural data from parasitic proteins with chemical information. Integrating
computational approaches with experimental data drives the discovery of new therapeutic
targets and the optimization of candidate compounds. In addition, artificial intelligence
and molecular docking offer an innovative approach, enhancing prediction accuracy
and driving advancements in discovering new treatments for NTDs. Thus, the primary
focus of this review is to present the relevance, evolution, and prospects of the use
of molecular docking techniques in the discovery and design of drug candidates for neglected
diseases, despite advancements, challenges persist, including the need for increased
investment in research and development, validation of predictive results, and collaboration
among institutions. In this study, we aim to address the significant advancements
in molecular docking and how this technique, along with modern medicinal chemistry
tools, has been relevant in discovering and designing drug candidates for neglected
diseases.
Pyrimidine: A Privileged Scaffold for the Development of Anticancer Agents as
Protein Kinase Inhibitors (Recent Update)
Authors: Zeid Mai M. , El-Badry Osama M. , El-meligie Salwa , Hassan Rasha A.
Published: January 2025

The pyrimidine nucleus is a fundamental component of human DNA and RNA, as well as the
backbone of many therapeutic agents. Its significance in medicinal chemistry is well-established, with pyrimidine
derivatives receiving considerable attention due to their potent anticancer properties across various cancer
cell lines. Numerous derivatives have been synthesized, drawing structural inspiration from known anticancer
agents like dihydropyrimidine compounds, which include the active cores of drugs such as
5-fluorouracil and monastrol, both of which have demonstrated strong anticancer efficacy. Additionally, various
pyrimidine derivatives have been developed through different synthetic pathways, exhibiting promising
anticancer potential. In response to the growing need for effective cancer treatments, recent efforts have focused
on synthesizing and exploring novel pyrimidine derivatives with improved efficacy and specificity. This
review aims to highlight the versatility of pyrimidine-based compounds in cancer therapy, emphasizing not
only their potency and binding affinity but also their optimal interaction with diverse biological targets. The
goal is to facilitate the design of new pyrimidine derivatives with enhanced anticancer potential, providing effective
solutions for the treatment of various cancer types.
Macrophages and Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Chen Shengjun , Song Xiaodong , Lv Changjun
Published: January 2025

Most chronic respiratory diseases often lead to the clinical manifestation of
pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammation and immune disorders are widely recognized as
primary contributors to the onset of pulmonary fibrosis. Given that macrophages are
predominantly responsible for inflammation and immune disorders, in this review, we
first focused on the role of different subpopulations of macrophages in the lung and
discussed the crosstalk between macrophages and other immune cells, such as
neutrophils, regulatory T cells, NKT cells, and B lymphocytes during pulmonary
fibrogenesis. Subsequently, we analyzed the interaction between macrophages and
fibroblasts as a possible new research direction. Finally, we proposed that exosomes,
which function as a means of communication between macrophages and target cells
to maintain cellular homeostasis, are a strategy for targeting lung drugs in the future.
By comprehending the mechanisms underlying the interplay between macrophages
and other lung cells, we aim to enhance our understanding of pulmonary fibrosis,
leading to improved diagnostics, preventative measures, and the potential
development of macrophage-based therapeutics.
The COX-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Sensitizes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells to Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Dawei , Guo Shuang , Wang Kunrong , Liu Zhaoqi , Yu Taixin , Zhang Yingqiu
Published: January 2025

Background::

Nasopharyngeal cancer [NPC] is prevalent in Southeast Asia and North Africa, and is generally associated with limited treatment options and poor patient prognosis.

Objective::

Ferroptosis is a recently observed cell death modality and has been shown to link to the efficacy of different anti-cancer treatments, thus offering opportunities for the develop-ment of novel therapies. This study aims to investigate the potentiating effects of COX-2 in-hibitors on ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer.

Methods::

The inhibitory effects of COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib on nasopharyn-geal cancer cells were assessed with MTT, colony formation, sphere formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The status of COX-2 with celecoxib and rofecoxib treatment was investigated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments. Ferroptosis was in-duced with the GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 with or without COX-2 inhibition and was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted with 5-8F cells treated with DMSO as control or celecoxib, and ferroptosis-related candidates were validated by RT-PCR analysis.

Results::

Celecoxib and rofecoxib effectively inhibited the growth and migration of nasopha-ryngeal cancer cells. Both inhibitors evidently sensitized nasopharyngeal cancer cells to fer-roptosis induction by RSL3, with celecoxib outperforming rofecoxib. Celecoxib treatment re-sulted in significantly differentially expressed genes in 5-8F cells, among which CHAC1 was validated as a ferroptosis-related target.

Conclusion::

The COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib effectively sensitized nasopharyngeal cancer cells to ferroptosis induction.