bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Riemann problem for two-layer shallow water equations with bottom topography
Authors: Wang Fan , Sheng Wancheng , Hu Yanbo , Zhang Qinglong
Published: December 2024

In this article, we propose a model describing laminar shallow water flows with two velocities to handle an uneven bottom. The model is established by taking the different velocities into account. The source terms generated from the bottom topography prevent us from solving the Riemann problem directly. We first derive the elementary waves including the stationary wave where the global entropy condition is used to ensure uniqueness. Then, we analyze the resonance phenomenon and coalescence of waves by classifying the initial data into different regions. Finally, the Riemann problem is resolved explicitly on a case-by-case basis.
Idiom Comprehension of Chinese Patients With Aphasia: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Hongjun , Dou Xintong , Liu Yunan , Hu Dawei , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2024

Previous studies on idiom comprehension of patients with aphasia (PWAs) mainly focused on Indo-European speakers, examining whether PWAs could correctly extract the target meaning of idioms, while among Chinese PWAs, idiom familiarity, context and other variables affecting idiom comprehension were rarely studied. Hence, this study aims to explore whether Chinese PWAs can correctly comprehend the target meaning of idioms, and further investigate the role of familiarity and context. For three Chinese PWAs, this study adopted the string-to-word matching task, taking Chinese four-character idioms as the experimental stimuli, and provided decoy words containing target meaning, literal meaning, unrelated abstract meaning and unrelated concrete meaning as the matching words of idiom items by manipulating the familiarity and contextual presence of idiom items. The results suggested that the PWAs could not correctly extract the target meaning of idioms and presented both the literal meaning tendency and the weak abstract meaning tendency, and the influence of familiarity on the comprehension of idioms was stronger than that of context. These results support the Graded Salience Hypothesis.
Power Relations in Older Adults’ Cognitive Interaction in Clinical Setting: A Multimodal Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Ma Zhongquan , Huang Lihe
Published: December 2024

This study explored the construction of power relations in the cognitive assessment of older adults within the Chinese clinical context. Data is derived from audio and video recordings that nine older adults produced in the cognitive assessment of the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), which were then annotated and analyzed from a multimodal pragmatic perspective. The study reveals that examiners and older adults employed various speech acts to achieve distinct communicative goals, with power relations between them being reflected through these speech acts. Examiners tend to claim high power, utilizing discourse strategies such as request, interruption, evaluation, rhetorical questions, and directive speech acts. In contrast, older adults assert high power through directive speech acts, rhetorical questions, and interruptions. Both parties also exhibit low power by using confirming questions and explanations. Additionally, gestures, smiles, prosody features, and other non-verbal communicative resources are synergistically employed to exercise power. The interactive mechanism of constructing power relations reveals that age affects older adults’ power relations construction even in a professional setting of the Chinese context. The negotiation between the advanced age of older adults and the expertise of examiners jointly shapes power relations in their interactions.
Visualizing Language and Aging From 2013-2022
Authors: Li Xueyan , Chen Tianyi , Guo Hanning , Wang Huili
Published: December 2024

Declining cognitive abilities can be a concomitant of advanced age. As language is closely associated with cognitive abilities, changes in language abilities can be an important marker of changes in cognitive abilities. The current study is to review cognitive studies of language and aging by first identifying and exploring the major clusters and pivotal articles and then detecting emerging trends. Data of 3, 266 articles on language and aging from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Adopting Document Co-citation Analysis, Freeman’s betweenness centrality metric (Freeman, 2002) and Kleinberg’s burst detection algorithm (Kleinberg, 2002), we explored major clusters, pivotal articles and emerging trends in this field. Cognition appears to be the most remarkable cluster. Bilingualism, speech production, listening effort, and reading comprehension are other major active clusters in a certain period. The most recent active cluster concerns the studies of Alzheimer’s disease. Articles serving as pivotal points concentrate on cognitive studies of the Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening (FUEL), the new Ease of Language Understanding model (EUL) and a hierarchical multi-representational generative framework of language comprehension. The progress in statistical methods, the relationship between language and cognitive impairment and the relationship between language abilities and cognition are the emerging trends. These emerging trends will provide some insights into how cognitive abilities influence language abilities in aging.
Status in a Nutshell. A Praxeological/Phenomenological Approach to Seals as Power Accessories
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Diamantis
Published: December 2024

In the course of their long history in Aegean societies, seals acquired a polyvalent significance that arose from their active ‘participation’ in different social spheres and manifested itself in a superb level of technique and virtuosity. This paper examines the role of Minoan and Mycenaean seals as status symbols, highlighting not their creation but rather the practices of wearing, displaying, using, and perceiving them. The discussion spans two main chronological periods: the Second Palace Period (mid-17th to mid-15th century BCE) and the Third Palace Period (14th-13th century BCE), during which seals served different functions as status mediators. In the earlier period, a notable tension in the social significance of seals is evident when comparing evidence from Crete and the Greek Mainland. While Minoan seals were used as sphragistic tools, Mycenaean seals were not. In the later period, the use of seals in Mainland Greece was driven by their role as administrative tools within the palatial sphere. This dynamic analysis sheds light on the evolving roles and transformations of seals, influenced by varying social environments and demonstrating the multiple ways these artifacts embodied and mediated power. Additionally, it shows how their symbolic potential could express individual or collective identities.
High-resolution image processing and entity recognition algorithm based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Sun Yutong
Published: December 2024

Objective

With the popularity of high-resolution devices such as high-definition, ultra-high-definition televisions, and smartphones, the demand for high-resolution images is also increasing, which puts forward higher requirements for high-resolution image processing and entity recognition technology.

Method

This article introduced the research progress and application of high-resolution image processing and entity recognition algorithms from the perspective of artificial intelligence (AI). First, the important role of AI in high-resolution image processing and entity recognition was introduced, and then the applications of deep learning-based algorithms in high-resolution image grayscale equalization, denoising, and deblurring were introduced. Subsequently, the application of AI-based object detection and image segmentation algorithms in entity recognition was explored, and the superiority of AI-based high-resolution image processing and entity recognition algorithms was verified through training and testing. The accuracy of the model was verified through testing experiments. Finally, a summary and outlook were made on high-resolution image processing and entity recognition algorithms based on AI.

Result

After experimental testing, it was found that high-resolution image processing and entity recognition based on AI had higher efficiency, and the overall image recognition ability was improved by 29.6% compared to traditional image recognition models. The recognition speed and accuracy were also improved.

Conclusion

High-resolution image processing and element recognition algorithms based on AI enabled observers to see the detailed information in the image more clearly, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of image analysis. Through continuous improvement of algorithm performance, real-time application, and expansion of cross-disciplinary applications, people can look forward to the development of more advanced and powerful image processing and entity recognition technologies, which will bring huge impetus to research and application in various fields.
Characteristics of the pregnancy and labour course in women who underwent COVID-19 during pregnancy
Authors: Shukenova Elvira , Minkauskiene Meile , Dzhardemalieva Nurzhamal , Koshenova Lyailya , Ospanova Saule
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and labor, focusing on its effects on maternal and child health. The research explores the relationships between coronavirus infection and clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the risks of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes.

Methods

The study involved 60 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. A comprehensive evaluation of clinical and laboratory indicators was conducted, employing correlation, regression, logistic analyses to determine risk factors.

Results

There was a strong inverse correlation between carbon dioxide levels and haematocrit (−0.76), and a direct correlation between blood pH and partial pressure of oxygen (0.73). COVID-19 was associated with increased risks of preterm labor (OR=1.82), stillbirth (OR=2.11), pre-eclampsia (OR=1.46), and foetal distress. Multivariate analysis revealed a 200 g reduction in neonatal birth weight and higher risks of hospitalisation (OR=1.8), postpartum hemorrhage (OR=2.3), and preterm delivery (OR=2.5). Comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular abnormalities, diabetes, obesity, thrombophilias exacerbated the risks of complications, including pre-eclampsia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, venous thromboembolism.

Conclusions

COVID-19 infection increases the likelihood of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes, especially in women with comorbidities. These findings highlight the need for preventive strategies and risk management protocols for pregnant women during future outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of further research in this field.
Physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in sprint and jump-trained masters athletes, young athletes and non-physically active men
Authors: Rittweger Jörn , Sies Wolfram , Capri Miriam , Pesta Dominik
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Assessing physical activity and cardiometabolic risk in masters athletes as an example of very high physical activity at old age.

Methods

Forty-three men were studied in full factorial design, either as sprint or jump-trained masters athletes (MA, n=10, age 60–75 years), as young sprint or jump-trained athletes (YA, n=10, age 20–35 years), older control participants (OC, n=11, age 60–75 years) or as young control participants (AC, n=12, age 20–35 years). We performed bio-electrical impedance analysis and assessed serum markers of lipids and glucose metabolism and C-reactive protein, structured training hours, and habitual activity via mobile actimetry.

Results

Body fat was greater in OC than in MA (23.9 [SD 4.2] % vs. 14.0 [SD 5.7] %, p<0.001), and also greater than in YA and YC (both p<0.001). Weekly training hours were comparable between MA and YA (7.9 [SD3.3] hours vs. 11.1 [SD 4.8] hours, p=0.69). Habitual walking distance was greater in MA than in OC (7,387 [SD 4,923] m/day vs. 4,110 [SD 1,772] m/day, p=0.039), and so was habitual running distance (667 [SD690] m/day vs. 132 [427] m/day, p<0.001). HOMA-index was greater in OC than in MA (2.07 [SD 1.39] vs. 0.80 [SD 0.41], p=0.0039), and so was C-reactive protein (1.35 [SD 1.74] mg/l vs. 0.58 [SD 0.27] mg/ml, p=0.018), whereas serum lipids showed only moderate or no effect (all p between 0.036 and 0.07).

Conclusions

Improved body composition and physical activity levels in MA are associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, which seems more pronounced for insulin sensitivity and inflammaging than for lipid metabolism.
STAb CAR-T Cells: pioneering precision in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: M E Ahmed Manal
Published: December 2024

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly for hematologic malignancies. However, challenges such as limited efficacy in solid tumors and antigen escape have prompted the development of novel approaches. One such innovation is the STAb (Synthetic T-cell Activating Bifunctional) CAR-T cells, which aim to enhance the therapeutic potential of CAR-T cells. This review will investigate the functioning, benefits, clinical trials, obstacles, and future prospects of STAb CAR-T cells, underscoring their transformative potential in cancer treatment.
The exercise as a social support to improve mental health: a brief narrative review
Authors: Lopes Martinez Victor Matheus
Published: December 2024

The general objective of this study was to present the relationship between social support, provided by the practice of physical exercises, and aspects of mental health. To this end, a brief narrative review was carried out in databases (Scielo, Web of Science and PubMed) and in books on the subject. Among the main results, it is worth highlighting the fact that social support is one of the basic psychological needs for motivation and well-being. In addition, it is observed that the practice of physical exercises promotes better relationships with peers, culminating in reduced levels of mental disorders through this social support-mental health relationship. Therefore, we can observe that exercise, in addition to the physiological benefits for mental health, also seems to help in clinical conditions through improved socialization and sense of belonging on the part of practitioners. However, a larger body of empirical studies is needed to better understand the phenomenon.
Resolving challenges of groundwater flow modelling for improved water resources management: a narrative review
Authors: Wali Saadu Umar , Usman Abdulqadir Abubakar , Usman Abdullahi Bala , Abdullahi Umar , Mohammed Ibrahim Umar , Hayatu Jamil Musa
Published: December 2024

Groundwater flow modelling is critical for managing groundwater resources, particularly amid climate change and rising water demand. This narrative review examines the role of groundwater flow models in sustainable water resource management, focusing on challenges and solutions to enhance model reliability. A key challenge is data limitation—especially in regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where scarce hydrogeological data hinders accurate model calibration. The complexity of aquifer systems, such as karst aquifers in North America and fractured-rock aquifers in India, further complicates model development, requiring detailed geological data and complex simulations. Additionally, uncertainties arise from limited knowledge of aquifer properties, variable boundary conditions, and sparse monitoring networks, which can reduce model predictability. Despite these obstacles, groundwater flow models are essential for simulating groundwater behaviour in response to altered precipitation patterns, increasing extraction rates, and extreme events like droughts. For instance, predictive modelling has helped assess potential depletion risks in California’s Central Valley and contamination risks in industrial zones of East Asia, guiding sustainable extraction strategies and contamination assessments. To improve model reliability, this review emphasizes the need for enhanced data collection, integration of advanced technologies—such as artificial intelligence and machine learning for predictive accuracy—and the adoption of multidisciplinary modelling approaches. These advancements, improved sensor networks, and regional data-sharing initiatives are critical to reducing uncertainties and increasing model precision. Ultimately, such improvements will support climate adaptation efforts and promote the sustainable management of global groundwater resources, benefiting water managers and policy makers.
Elimination of incompatibility of mass defect with the law of its conservation
Authors: Etkin V.
Published: December 2024

The article shows that the so-called “mass defect” (a decrease in the total mass of nucleons when they merge in a nucleus) can be explained without violating the law of its conservation and proportionality of energy, if we exclude the postulates of the theory of relativity associated with the conversion of mass into energy. The need to consider the mass balance of by-products of the fusion reaction and the radiation accompanying it, in total equal to the "mass defect" is substantiated. The energy-consuming nature of the processes of cold and hot fusion, the cause of its occurrence and the source of fusion energy, which is the hidden mass of the Universe, are revealed. The reasons for the irreversibility of the nucleosynthesis process are named and the concept of its efficiency is introduced, the vanishing of which corresponds to the equality of the rates of synthesis and decay of chemical elements. On this basis, a conclusion is made about the inconsistency of the idea of ​​using binding energy in hot and cold fusion power plants.
Study of wetting of SnO2—In2O3-ceramics with copper-silver melts
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS  of Ukraine, Kyiv, Poluyanskaya V. V. , Sydorenko T. V. ,   Presidium of the National  Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Durov O. V. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS  of Ukraine, Kyiv, Konih-Ettel N. V. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS  of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2024

To improve the wetting of oxide ceramic with metals in addition to traditional dopands (Ti, Zr, Nb, etc.), which have a high chemical affinity to solid phase atoms, alternative active additions can also be used. In particular, it relates to non-metallic electronegative elements VIa—VIIa groups of the periodic system (O, S, Se, F, Cl, Br), which have a high affinity to electron. Such additives are able to reduce free surface energy at the liquid/gas and liquid/solid interfaces and in such a way improve the wetting. The SnO2—In2O3 system is the most optimal material for the layers of the so-called TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide). Since the cost of metal indium and its compounds continues to grow and new technologies are actively developing, there is a need to find alternative TCO that would have less In2O3 content. That is why systems containing SnO2, doped by relatively small amounts of In2O3 were explored. Ag—Cu based fillers is often used to joint oxide materials. In this case, there is a significant effect of the additives of the third component on the activity of oxygen in liquid metal, which causes an increase in oxygen content directly in the melt. Specially synthesized high-dense ceramics based on SnO2, which was received by adding 5, 10, 20 or 40% (mass.) of In2O3 with subsequent sintering, were used for wetting experiments. The experimental data indicate that in vacuum and air copper, added to the silver melt, significantly improves wetting on all types of the studied ceramic substrates, as well as the wetting is improved with increasing of the In2O3 content in the substrate. A dense transition layer of about 10 μm, which contains a large amount of copper, is formed on the interfacial border. A similar phenomenon was observed at the inter-phase boundary of other oxide materials. The improvement of wetting is explained by an increase in the solubility of oxygen in the melt, which acts as an adhesive-active element, with the addition of copper and increased electronegativity of the substrate with increasing content of In2O3.

Keywords: tin dioxide, indium oxide, semiconductor, wetting, contact interaction, metal melt.
Thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in alloys	of the Al—Ce system
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS  of Ukraine, Kyiv, Podoprigora N. V. , Kobylinska M. S ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kudin V.G. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Romanova L. O. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS  of Ukraine, Kyiv, Sudavtsova V. S. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS  of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2024

The thermochemical properties of melts of the Al—Ce system at temperatures of (1380—1490)  3 K in range of compositions 0 < xAl < 0,38 were determined by the method of isoperibolic calorimetry. It was established that the minimum value of the enthalpy of mixing of these melts is −40,9  4.1 kJ/mol and corresponds to the melt with xAl = 0,67, and =−83,3 ± 4,8; = −200 ± 26,0 kJ/mol. Using our own and literature thermochemical data for melts and intermediate phases of the Al—Ce system, as well as its diagram state according to the ideal associated solution (IAS) model, all thermodynamic properties of melts and associates in melts and intermetallics were calculated and optimized. It was established that the calculated activities of the components in the melts of this system show large negative deviations from ideal solutions. which correlates with their thermochemical properties. The maximum mole fraction of associates CeAl2, CeAl reaches values of 0,4 and 0,24, and the other three (Ce2Al, CeAl3, CeAl5) — 0,16; 0,08, and 0,11, respectively. The minimum values of Gibbs energies and entropies of melt formation are equal to -28,2 kJ/mol and -7,6 J/mol∙K. The temperature-concentration dependences of Gibbs energies, enthalpies and entropies of melt formation and temperature for intermetallics were also calculated using the IAS model, and from them, the liquidus curve of the phase diagram of this system. As a result, complete information on the thermodynamic properties of all phases and the liquidus curve of the phase diagram of the Al—Ce system was obtained. In order to confirm the reliability of the obtained data and search for general regularities of the thermodynamic characteristics of alloying of the Al—Ce system, it was considered as a member of the series of Al—Ln(Ln-lanthanide) systems. For this, the enthalpies of formation were analyzed. intermetallics LnAl2, as well as the minimum values of thermochemical properties of melts, relative differences in molar radii and differences in electronegativities of the components of the Al—Ln systems and their dependence on the lanthanide serial number. It is shown that all dependences, except for the electronegativity differences of the components, are compatible with each other. This indicates that the thermodynamic properties of compounds and melts of Al—Ln systems are determined by the size factor.

Keywords:: method calorimetry, mixing enthalpy, activity, aluminum, cerium, melts, intermetallics, thermodynamic properties, ideal associated solution model.
Jesus in Centhini
Authors: Chandra Robby Igusti , Sukamto Taryono , Jonch A Christian , Setiawan Yohanes , Hudaya Nofia
Published: December 2024

A 19th-century indigenous Javanese literary masterpiece, Serat Centhini, contains Islamic teachings. One of the texts in the multi-volume work describes Jesus as the Son of God, the Word of God, and the Spirit of God who died and was resurrected. Why do its authors describe Jesus in the way most Christians do? Using literary content and contextual analyses, this article shows that Serat Centhini teaches the limitations of human language in talking about God and the need to cross boundaries in spiritual journeys. It also shows that Islam’s reverence for Jesus is more than what most people know, even though Islam remains thoroughly monotheistic. Many faiths can use this article to learn from other spiritual insights while deepening their core faith. It means that Islam and Christians, especially in Indonesia, can cross boundaries and learn from each other while appreciating Javanese indigenous spirituality.
Wyzwania związane z prowadzeniem przedmiotu technologie internetowe na kierunkach informatycznych
Authors: Garwol Katarzyna , Bánesz Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę związaną z wyzwaniami, jakie stoją przed osobami, które przygotowują i prowadzą zajęcia na jednym z podstawowych przedmiotów na kierunkach informatycznych – technologiach internetowych. W ramach tego przedmiotu omawiane są treści, które w szybkim tempie się dezaktualizają i prowadzący muszą się nieustannie dokształcać, aby sprostać oczekiwaniom zarówno studentów, jak i biznesu.W celu poznania opinii studentów i ich oczekiwań co do kształcenia na wyżej wymienionym przedmiocie przeprowadzono badania wśród studentów, którzy zaliczyli go w semestrze poprzednim (II rok informatyki oraz informatyki i ekonometrii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego).
Efekty nauczania przedmiotu biostatystyka z zastosowaniem programu Statistica
Authors: Maj Monika
Published: December 2024

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie problemów nauczania biostatystyki przy użyciu programu Statistica na kierunku lekarskim. Zaprezentowane wnioski są wynikiem analizy prac studentów oraz obserwacji procesu kształcenia.
Młodzież a COVID-19. Potencjalne znaczenie forów społecznościowych dla funkcjonowania psychospołecznego młodego pokolenia
Authors: Wysocka Ewa
Published: December 2024

Artykuł opiera się na dwóch badaniach, w których sprawdzano potencjalną rolę korzystania z Internetu i mediów społecznościowych w odczuwaniu alienacji i jej wymiarów przed pandemią COVID-19 i w jej trakcie. W obu badaniach wykorzystano kwestionariusz alienacji-integracji autorstwa Krystyny Kmiecik-Baran. Pozwala on mierzyć poziom ogólnego poczucia alienacji oraz pięć jej wymiarów: poczucie anomii vs. ładu społecznego; poczucie bezsensu vs. sensu; poczucie bezradności vs. zaradności; poczucie samowyobcowania vs. autonomii; poczucie izolacji vs. integracji. Znaczące różnice w obu badaniach (wzrost) stwierdzono jedynie w dwóch wymiarach: w poczuciu izolacji vs. integracji oraz w poczuciu bezradności vs. zaradności.
Mikropoświadczenia – doświadczenia, wyzwania i wizja nowego europejskiego podejścia do edukacji
Authors: Tadejko Paweł
Published: December 2024

Realizacje projektów dotyczących mikropoświadczeń pokazują, że wdrożenie systemów, które zapewniałyby standard na poziomie krajowym czy kontynentalnym, napotyka wiele wyzwań. Postęp technologiczny i zmiany na rynku pracy wymagają od absolwentów i specjalistów zdobywania nowych kompetencji zarówno w zakresie ich podnoszenia (upskilling), jak i poszerzania kompetencji z elementami przekwalifikowania (reskilling). Pandemia, transformacja cyfrowa i rozwój narzędzi sztucznej inteligencji pokazały, że aktualizacja wiedzy zdobytej na studiach czy wieloletnich praktykach wymaga nowego podejścia. Praca zawiera przegląd zagadnień dotyczących mikropoświadczeń oraz rozważania na temat nakładów pracy zarówno w kontekście programów studiów, edukacji nieformalnej, jak i relacji tych podejść do koncepcji lifelong learning.
Deepfake jako generator fikcyjnych treści i rzeczywistej nieufności
Authors: Mularz Krystian
Published: December 2024

Sztuczna inteligencja stała się tematem dyskursu naukowego ze względu na nieoczekiwane konsekwencje jej rozwoju i sposobów wykorzystania. Technologie AI mogą spełniać zarówno funkcje rozrywkowe i edukacyjne, jak i stwarzać zagrożenie w postaci szerzenia dezinformacji oraz dyskredytowania innych osób w przestrzeni publicznej. Jedną z niewłaściwych form wykorzystania sztucznej inteligencji jest tzw. deepfake. Niniejsza praca ma na celu omówienie pojęcia deepfake na podstawie literatury przedmiotu oraz analizy treści zawartej w sieci. Autor szczegółowo scharakteryzował pojęcie deepfake, omówił przykłady fikcyjnych treści oraz społeczne skutki ich publikowania. Ponadto dokonał refleksji na temat wpływu szerzącej się dezinformacji i zagrożeń z nią związanych na zanik zaufania, co skutkuje przekształceniem się kultury w taką, w której dominuje nieufność i podejrzliwość.
Implementacja gamifikacji w nauczaniu programowania dla uczniów szkół podstawowych
Authors: Curyło Klaudia , Ciesielka Marta
Published: December 2024

Przedstawiony projekt dotyczy wdrożenia gamifikacji w procesie nauczania programowania w szkole podstawowej. Jego celem było zainteresowanie uczniów tematem programowania poprzez wykorzystanie elementów zabawy i motywacji charakterystycznych dla gier. Kurs został zaprojektowany jako zgrywalizowana platforma internetowa oparta na motywie pokemonów. Każde zadanie miało przypisane punkty i nagrody, co miało zachęcać uczniów do aktywnego udziału. Badania ankietowe wykazały pozytywny odbiór kursu przez uczniów, którzy wyrażali zadowolenie z zajęć i chęć ponownego w nich uczestnictwa. Kluczowym czynnikiem sukcesu projektu było odpowiednie przygotowanie struktury gamifikacji uwzględniającej motywujące uczniów czynniki, takie jak fabuła, cele, reguły, nagrody i wyzwania.
Climate Changes and the Newly Emerged Insect Pests in the Nena Region
Authors: Al-Jboory Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

The NENA region faces urgent and interconnected challenges of climate change and political instability. These factors not only weaken the agricultural quarantine and phytosanitary system but also create an environment that encourages the spread of agricultural pests across borders.
In this brief editorial, I will shed light on some key insect pests that have significantly worsened over the past decade, emphasizing the need for immediate action. Food and Agriculture Organization FAO and other organizations focus on transboundary insects that threaten crops due to their
ability to spread across multiple territories and impact many crops. The most common transboundary pests of crops include desert locusts Schistocerca gregaria, fruit flies, red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, and fall armyworms Spodoptera frugiperda, which invaded
maize in 2016 in West Africa. As the migration of these pests is often aided by strong winds, trades, and climatic factors, other insect pests succeeded in traveling across countries and continents, such as citrus leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella in 1994 and tomato leaf miner Tuta
absoluta (=Phthorimea absoluta) in 2006.
SEVERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING HOPS CULTURE IN THE WORLD AND IN ROMÃ‚NIA BETWEEN THE MILENIUMS
Authors: Salontai Alexandru
Published: December 2024

The article presents the evolution of hops and beer production at the international level and in Romania in the last two decades, varieties structure and amelioration tendencies, hops processed products in connection with beer quality. At the international level the surfaces deveased from 91.835 ha (1992) to 49.500 ha (2006) and the beer production increased from 1,044 thousand million hl (1987) to 1,630 thousand million (2006). The surface badly decreased in Romania, from 2.729 ha (1987) to 229 ha (2006), but the beer production wearly doubled from 8,35 thousand million hl (1987)to approximately 15 thousand hl (2006). There is a slight increase of the cultivated surfaces withe flavoured varieties in the main hops cultivating countries; the Check Republic is consistent in maintaining the flavoured varieties. In amelioration, the creation of flavomed varieties, even Superalfa, is very important.
A DECADE AND A HALF FROM THE INAUGURATION OF THE CROP OF HOP AND MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRE, AT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: Muntean Leon Sorin
Published: December 2024

The University of Agricultural Sciences And Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, has an outstanding tradition in research on hop-, medicinal- and aromatic plants. Beginning in 1993, research in this field at the University Of Agricultural Sciences And Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca has been carried out within the Research Centre on Hop- and Medicinal Plants founded at this institution and it is quoted as <> by the University’s Senate. There follows that this acceptance be granted by the respective national authorities. The results obtained within the Centre are published in “Hop and Medicinal Plants”, a publication started in 1993 by the University of Agricultural Sciences And Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca in cooperation with the Association of Hop – Plants growers of Romania and the Faculty of Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, as well as Plafar units at Cluj-Napoca and Bra?ov. The report introduces the main research fields as well as the results obtained by the Centre.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HOP BITTER ACIDS ANALYSIS METHODS
Authors: Tofana Maria , Muste Sevastita , Socaci Sonia , Mudura Elena
Published: December 2024

A single laboratory validation study (SLV) was conducted for an conductometric method for the determination of total hop acids in pellets from different variety. Extraction variants were developed in accordance with Analytica EBC 7.4 which is identical with Romanian Standard SR 13842:2003, where the extraction solvent is toluene (Extraction System A) and with accordance with Analytica EBC 7.5 and 7.6 where the extraction solvent is formed by diethyl ether, methanol and hydrochloric acids (Extraction System B). The procedure consisted of parallel determination of hop acids in variety with low and high content of alpha acids. For one variety the determination where conducted also in HPLC, using a reverse phase C18 column.
The determination where performed in repeatability and reproducibility conditions. The recovery determined was about 102 %.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE ECOLOGICAL HOP (HUMULUS LUPULUS L.) CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY APPLIANCE
Authors: DUDA Marcel , Muntean Leon Sorin , Cernea Solovastru , Salontai Alexandru , Varban Dan , Bunescu Horea , Muntean Sorin , Oros Simona
Published: December 2024

In order to obtain agricultural products as "clean" as we can and less polluted with pesticides, a new series of methods for plant protection agains weeds, deseases and mechanical, phisical or biological pests is being tested. In this paper we present some results regarding the reduction of the pesticide utilization in the hop cultivation technology.
For the maintainance of the reduced weeding, without herbicides, we recomand the application of some mechanical tillage of the soil from within the hop rows, hilling and rehilling of the hop rows.
One of the most efficient methods to prevent the sickening of plants is the selection, at the plantation constitution, of the hop varieties that are rezistent or toleranted to the diseases or pests.
For the eccological rebuttal of the hop pests we obtained at USAMV Cluj-Napoca encouraging results with a leaf extract from the French marigolds (Tagetes patula) variety.
RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICAL CULTURE AT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: Muntean Leon Sorin
Published: December 2024

The paper present the foremost medicinal plant species (biological aspects, take in culture, the content in actives principles, technological elements and the initiation in breeding works) studied from year 1904 until nowadays at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca.
Medicinal and aromatically plants take in study are: Solanum laciniatum Ait., Papaver bracteatum Lindl., Colchicum autumnale L., Echinacea pallida Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench., Valeriana officinalis L., Aconitum napellus L., Angelica archangelica L., Hermiana glabra L., Calendula officinalis L., Cnicus benedictus L., Galega officinalis L., Adonis aestivalis L., Gen?iana lutea L., Gentiana asclepiadea L., Centaurium umbelatum L., Hypericum perforatum L., Oenothera biennis L. etc.
In this paper are presented the PhD. Studies regarding medicinal and aromatically plants elaborated at USAMV Cluj-Napoca and also are presented the books which present the medicinal and aromatically culture, elaborated by the teachers from USAMV Cluj-Napoca. Also is mentioned the activity of the Research Centre for Hop and Medicinal Plants from USAMV Cluj-Napoca, which was founded in year 1993 and its publication “Hop and Medicinal Plants” (in the 10th year from its establish).
MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM THE UPPER BASIN OF SOME?UL MIC AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL FOR PLAFAR CLUJ
Authors: Florian Simion
Published: December 2024

The exposition wants to be a brief presentation of the particularities of the activity of Plafar in medicinal and aromatic plants utilization.
The result of research and detailed study of great number of plant species, both cultivated and spontaneous flora, turns Plafar in to a consistent beneficiary.
It is remarcable the efficient cooperation between researchers teachers of University of Agricultural Studies Cluj of Faculty of Pharmaceutics Cluj and the specialists of Plafar.
As a result of the cooperation, a lot of drugs and cosmetic products were brought in the Romanian and foreign market.
In the exposition, it is also presented the situation of the main indicators, which represent the dynamics of production and harvest in the last ten years.
REFINEMENT OF ECOLOGICALLY CULTIVATED AND HARVESTED MEDICINAL HERBS IN BIERTAN VALLEY, IN THE PHYTOTHERAPEUTICAL CENTER
Authors: Rosenberg Ladislau , Hudac Gyongyike , Capalnean Lioara , Szabo Rozalia
Published: December 2024

The great challenges of the post modern world, such as enhanced pollution, global warming, have deep implications in every field of human life. This induce to a reassessment of life quality among people. A revival of CAM methods has occurred, which aims to maintain wellbeing in a natural way. A good model to achieve this target is a Phytotherapeutical Center, where research, production and implementation activities are integrated for a healthy life of humans, and for the sustainable development of a rural zone, having a good ecological potential. This is what Natura Ltd., a well-known firm on the Romanian market of phytotherapeuticals, is doing in the Biertan Valley, through it’s long term strategy and EU funded project applications.
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS FOR MEDICINAL HERBS AND SPICES
Authors: Lazurca Dumitru , Lazurca Marioara
Published: December 2024

The industry of medicinal herbs and spice is in a continuous development and therefore is necessary to organize the enterprises of this industry in association that provide informational and legislative support for its members. The associations have an important part in the development of the industry and in the quality and safety of the products. They ensure the communication between the members and the official organizations.
EFFECT OF CUTTING HEIGHT ON BASIL YIELD
Authors: Marinkovic Branko , Crnobarac Jovan , Dusan Adamovic , Hladek Katarina , Stanisic Jelena , Mircov Dragoslav - Vlad , Pajic Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Significance of medicinal plants is growing again, although at the end of the XX century, by intensive medicine development, medicinal plants were displaced from the heeling process.
The trial with the basil was conducted at the trial field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad. Local basil population from Backi Petrovac was examined. Soil type was shallow chernozem. Effect of cutting height at herb yield was tested. Besides the examination of the whole yield, yield of the leaf, stem and inflorescence was examined as well. Based on the accomplished results it can be observed that the aftermath yield was smaller than the first swath. The difference was significant at whole yield as well as at yield of different plant parts. The highest yield difference was at stem (1642 kgha-1 in relation to 84 kgha-1). The highest whole yield was accomplished at 5 cm of cutting height (182 kg in relation to 1589 and 1716 kgha-1 at 10 and 15 cm of cutting heights). At 15 cm of cutting height first swat yield was smaller, but aftermath yield at that variant was significantly higher than the yield at 5 and 10 cm of cutting height. The total yield at 15 cm was 124 kgha-1 in relation 59 kgha-1 at 5 cm.
MARSHMALLOW YIELD DEPENDING ON PLANT DENSITY AND YEAR OF UTILIZATION
Authors: Babic Milica , Marinković Branko , Crnobarac Jovan , Jaćimović Goran , Stanišić Jelena
Published: December 2024

Field experiment with one-year and two-years old plant were conducted with split-plot method in four repetition, in Mošorin, and folowing factors were tested: effects of different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 80, and 120 kg N/ha), inter-row spacing (20, 30, 40, and 50 cm) at the same row space (50cm), and different aspects of reproduction (direct sowing on the field and production from seedlings) were investigated. Two Serbian cultivars were examined – one from Ba?ki Petrovac and another from Pan?evo.
Drug yield (Altheae radix) in the experiment ranged between 3071 and 4867 kg/ha for one-year marshmallow (in 2006), and between 4548 and 6514 kg/ha for two year marshmallow (2007). In average, the highest drug yield was achieved with plant spacing of 20 cm and was significantly higher in comparison to other spacings. The yield of two-year marshmallow was for 1665 kg/ha higher than the yield of one-year marshmallow. At every tested parameter, there was a tendency of linear yield increasing with reduction of spacing between plants in row. For each 10 cm of reduction in spacing between plants in row, the drug yield increased for 610 kg in case of one-year plants. As for two-years marshmallow, the drug yield increased for 649 kg with every 10 cm of reduction in spacing between plants in row.
SOME RESULTS OF AROMATIC PLANTS BREEDING IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors: Gonceariuc Maria , Balmuş Zinaida , Ganea A.
Published: December 2024

Anethum graveolens L., Satureja hortensis L., and Melissa officinalis L. varieties adapted to cultivation conditions of the Republic of Moldova have been developed and registered. The Anethum graveolens L. variety named Ambasador is early-ripening, resistant to the diseases provoked by fungi, ensures high production of essential oil making 88.9 kg/ha with a carvon content of 39.8%. The Melissa officinalis L. variety named L?m?i?a is characterized by a production of fresh herb valued 11.5 m. t/ha, while the production of fresh leaves makes 3.9 m. t/ha, the drying ratio making 4-5:1. The new variety of Satureja hortensis L. provides a production of fresh herb in the range of 10 to 13 m. t/ha with a content of essential oil up to 1.4% (dry.mat.) in cultivation conditions of the Republic of Moldova.
STUDIES CONCERNING THE MORPHOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L. LINES, CULTIVATED IN BIOLOGIC AGRICULTURE CONDITIONS AT VRDS BAC?U
Authors: Falticeanu Marcela , Munteanu N. , Cristea Tina Oana , Burzo I. , Ambăruş Silvica , Badulescu Liliana
Published: December 2024

The studies were focused on Achillea millefolium L., specie that belongs to Compositae family, originated in Europe, Canada and China. This specie is important due to its multiple uses: culinary, ornamental, and especially as medicinal (gastrointestinal affections, wound cicatrising, anti-inflammatory, tonic, vasodilatation), cosmetics, colorant, as well as utile in biologic agriculture practice.
During 2002 – 2007 years, at VRDS Bac?u, a rich assortment of biologic material was studied, local population as well as abroad material. This material with a large variability was used in order to create the initial breeding material and two lines were promoted in the breeding program for cultivation in biologic agriculture system. The initial selection criterial was the decorative qualities
The studies of morphologic characteristics and essential oil content, revealed the ornamental and medicinal value through the presence of 35 compound in essential oil, the most important being: Elemol (12,72 % L-AR/2004 , 11,81 % L-AG/2004), Eudesmol (26,66 % L-AG/2004, 10,68 % L-AR/2004 as well as Cubemol, Cubeben, Saturen, Borneol, Eucaleptol, Pinen, Camfor etc.
THE TOTAL CAROTENOID CONTENT IN TAGETES SPECIES
Authors: Toiu Anca , Oniga Ilioara , Bendeac Daniela , Duda Matei
Published: December 2024

Carotenoids are pigments found in fruits and vegetables with important antioxidant properties. Marigold flowers (Tagetes flos) are a very rich source of carotenoids for application in the food industry. The aim of this work was to study the total carotenoid content in fresh and dried flowers of Tagetes patula and T. erecta. We analyzed 7 Romanian varieties of T. patula and 2 Romanian varieties of T. erecta. We determined the total carotenoid content of the 9 samples by a spectrophotometric method. The different varieties of marigold showed considerable variations in their carotenoids concentrations, ranging from 5.44 to 55.05 mg/100 g fresh flowers of T. patula, and from 52.8 to 372.08 mg/100 g dried flowers of T. patula, and from 7.49 to 25.71 mg/100 g fresh flowers of T. erecta, and from 36.2 to 240.25 mg/100 g dried flowers of T. erecta. These variations can be due to the differences in aspect of plants (the stem size, the inflorescence type, the colour of petals) and culture conditions.
STUDY REGARDING THE BIOLOGY OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. SPECIES
Authors: Muntean Leon Sorin , Marian Ovidiu
Published: December 2024

In order to determine the germination and the time necessary to achieve new plants the authors of the current paper started a study. In this paper regarding the germination, the age of the seed and the temperature are tested. The germination of Melissa officinalis L. is influenced by the seed age and othe external factors, among them the temperature.Regarding the seed age, the best results are obtained when the seed is 18 month old. The best temperature for germination was determined: 20-30°C. This study shows that the time needed to obtain new young plants is 79 days.
GENETIC MEDICINAL PLANTS' RESOURCES IDENTIFIED IN NERA'S CANYON
Authors: Danet Carmen , Borcean Ioan
Published: December 2024

This paper contains the list of medicinal plant species existing in Nera's Canyon, an area having very favorable pedoclimatic conditions for housing more than 1039 species. Among these there have been identified 84 plant species which can be phitopharmaceutical used, such as:
- 9 species for the cardiovascular apparatus;
- 20 species for the respiratory apparatus;
- 35 species for the digestive apparatus;
- 11 species for the urinary apparatus;
- 9 species for the nervous system.
ESTABLISHMENT OF HERBS IN GRASSLAND
Authors: Manns Christoph
Published: December 2024

Herbs play a minor role in modern grassland. Where traditional pasture has a high variety of species (30-40), modern pasture has less than 10 species.
DRYING POSSIBILITIES OF ARNICA MONTANA FLOWER HEADS USING LOCAL RESOURCES
Authors: Morea Adriana , Rotar Ioan , Pacurar Florin
Published: December 2024

Arnica montana species is a medicinal plant known since Dacian civilization which is important due to its high content in volatile oils. Its harvest must be durable and correctly performed. The flower heads drying in the region and in local conditions are necessary in order to obtain a quality material which will be appropriate for long time conservation.
STUDIES REGARDING THE USE OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors: Muntean Leon Sorin , Modoran Constanta , Sos Ramona , Man Simona
Published: December 2024

This paper is willing to present the obtaining of diet bread using caraway. The features studied (H/D ratio, volume, porosity) are superior to the blank assay in the case of samples with 5% caraway added as infusion. The products obtained have a supplementary content in fibers due to the add of type 1250 flour, unlike the products obtained using type 650 flour.