bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIGH-RESOLUTION URBAN MAPPING BY FUSION OF SAR AND OPTICAL DATA
Authors: Petrushevsky N. , Manzoni M. , Guarnieri A. M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Mapping the exact extent of urban areas is a critical prerequisite in many remote sensing applications, such as hazard evaluation and change detection. The usage of Synthetical Aperture Radar (SAR) data has gained popularity due to the unique characteristics of the backscattered radio signal from human-made targets. The Sentinel-1 (S1) constellation, with a global revisit time of 6–12 days in Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) mode and free and open access to the data, allows the development of new applications to monitor urban sites. However, S1 is rarely considered when fine resolution is required due to the large pixel size and the need for spatial averaging to obtain robust estimators. We propose a method to improve Sentinel-1 urban classification performance by exploiting one Multi-Spectral (MS) image acquired by Sentinel-2 (S2). MS data is used for tracing the precise natural boundaries in a scene through superpixels segmentation. A machine learning approach is then applied to interpret the thematic context of each segment from short temporal stacks of coregistered SAR data. We use a short sensing period (around two months), so rapid changes can be traces. The proposed fusion of S1 and S2 data was tested in the area of Milan (Italy), with a total accuracy of about 90%. The ability to follow high-resolution details in a mixed environment is demonstrated, opening the possibility of efficiently tracing the human footprint.
INVASION OF SAVANNAS BY PROSOPIS TREES IN EASTERN AFRICA: EXPLORING THEIR IMPACTS ON LULC DYNAMICS, LIVELIHOODS AND IMPLICATIONS ON SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS
Authors: Mbaabu P. R. , Schaffner U. , Eckert S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Trees of the genus Prosopis from the Americas, were introduced in Eastern Africa in the 1970s to mitigate land degradation and its associated disservices. However, over time these trees have spread and invaded valuable grasslands and croplands and consequently led to significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes and livelihood stress. Early detection of invasive species is essential for formulating effective management strategies to prevent further spread into non-invaded lands and for monitoring the outcome of management interventions. We mapped the spatio-temporal evolution and dynamics of Prosopis invasion, its impacts on LULC and livelihoods in Baringo, Kenya by applying a Random Forest classifier on Landsat satellite data over seven-year intervals from 1988 – 2016. We then linked the LULC changes to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks that we had measured for the different LULCs and also to socio-economic data on annual costs of clearing Prosopis from farmlands. By 2016, Prosopis had invaded 18,792 ha of land, spreading at a rate of 640 ha/yr, while all other land uses and land cover declined, each by over 40% of its original coverage in 1988. Through LULC specific SOC measurements, and relating the changes to annual costs of clearing Prosopis, we found that Prosopis removal and restoration to grassland is more effective for climate change mitigation compared to Prosopis “cultivation” while also avoiding trade-offs with other ecosystem services and livelihoods. Therefore, future management of this species in Kenya and Eastern Africa should be based on a more collaborative and integrated approach.
OBJECT-BASED CHANGE DETECTION ON ACACIA XANTHOPHLOEA SPECIES
DEGRADATION ALONG LAKE NAKURU RIPARIAN RESERVE
Authors: Osio A. , Lefèvre S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Automated mapping of heterogeneous riparian landscape is of high interest to assess our planet. Still, it remains a challenging task due to the occurrence of flooded vegetation. While both optical and radar images can be exploited, the latter has the advantage of being independent acquisition conditions. However, and despite their popularity, the threshold-based approaches commonly used present some drawbacks such as not taking into account the spatial context and providing mixed pixels within class boundaries. In this study, we propose a novel methodology to avoid such issues by using an object-based image analysis approach on polarimetric radar data. We use our workflow to map the degrading Acacia x. species along lake Nakuru Riparian reserve, and obtain highly-accurate results.
COMPARISON OF PIXEL-BASED AND FEATURE-BASED APPROACH FOR SMALL OBJECT CHANGE DETECTION
Authors: Seo J. , Kim T.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Satellite image resolution has evolved to daily revisit and sub-meter GSD. Main targets of previous remote sensing were forest, vegetation, damage area by disasters, land use and land cover. Developments in satellite images have brought expectations on more sophisticated and various change detection of objects. Accordingly, we focused on unsupervised change detection of small objects, such as vehicles and ships. In this paper, existing change detection methods were applied to analyze their performances for pixel-based and feature-based change of small objects. We used KOMPSAT-3A images for tests. Firstly, we applied two change detection algorithms, MAD and IR-MAD, which are most well-known pixel-based change detection algorithms, to the images. We created a change magnitude map using the change detection methods. Thresholding was applied to determine change and non-change pixels. Next, the satellite images were transformed as 8-bit images for extracting feature points. We extracted feature points using SIFT and SURF methods to analyze feature-based change detection. We assumed to remove false alarms by eliminating feature points of non-changed objects. Therefore, we applied a feature-based matcher and matched feature points on identical image locations were eliminated. We used non-matched feature points for change/non-change analysis. We observed changes by creating a 5x5 size ROI around extracted feature points in the change/non-change map. We determined that change has occurred on feature points if the rate of change pixels with ROI was more than 50%. We analyzed the performance of pixel-based and feature-based change detection using ground truths. The F1-score, AUC value, and ROC were used to compare the performance of change detection. Performance showed that feature-based approaches performed better than pixel-based approaches.
IMPROVING LULC CLASSIFICATION FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY USING DEEP LEARNING – EUROSAT DATASET
Authors: Yassine H. , Tout K. , Jaber M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Machine learning (ML) has proven useful for a very large number of applications in several domains. It has realized a remarkable growth in remote-sensing image analysis over the past few years. Deep Learning (DL) a subset of machine learning were applied in this work to achieve a better classification of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) in satellite imagery using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). EuroSAT benchmarking data set is used as training data set which uses Sentinel-2 satellite images. Sentinel-2 provides images with 13 spectral feature bands, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to these features in deep learning models. The majority of applications focused only on using RGB due to high availability of the RGB models in computer vision. While RGB gives an accuracy of 96.83% using CNN, we are presenting two approaches to improve the classification performance of Sentinel-2 images. In the first approach, features are extracted from 13 spectral feature bands of Sentinel-2 instead of RGB which leads to accuracy of 98.78%. In the second approach features are extracted from 13 spectral bands of Sentinel-2 in addition to calculated indices used in LULC like Blue Ratio (BR), Vegetation index based on Red Edge (VIRE) and Normalized Near Infrared (NNIR), etc. which gives a better accuracy of 99.58%.
A REVIEW OF SURGE-TYPE GLACIERS
Authors: Sun Z. , Qiao G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The study of glacier surges is meaningful for the understanding of glacier dynamics and the mechanisms of surge-type glaciers. Here, we briefly introduce the distribution of surge-type glaciers and the reason of their tendency to cluster within particular regions. Then we make a review of optical and SAR remote sensing methods for the spaceborne measurement of the surface velocity about surge-type glaciers and show the details of characteristics of Surging Glaciers including the acceleration and deceleration of the velocity of the glacier surface, the terminus may move forward a few kilometers in just a few months, then we give a specific example of surge-type glacier, Sortebræ. Finally, we summarize the existing mechanism of the glaciers surging.
ZONATION OF SUBALPINE LAKES BASED ON REMOTELY SENSED WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
Authors: Gerosa C. , Bresciani M. , Luciani G. , Biraghi C. A. , Carrion D. , Rogora M. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. SIMILE is an INTERREG Italy-Switzerland project that aims to preserve water quality of the subalpine lakes Como, Lugano and Maggiore (Northern Italy), through an integrated innovative monitoring system. For this purpose, satellite images are processed to map and monitor Chlorophyll-a (CHL-a), Total Suspended Solids (TSM) and Lake Water Surface Temperature (LWST). This study combines these remotely sensed water quality parameters (WPQs) maps, produced for the SIMILE project during 2019–2020, to propose and discuss a zonation approach that can support the monitoring of the study lakes through the analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of the selected parameters. The approach consists in performing a cluster analysis on a combined sample of WQPs maps, on a monthly basis, for each lake; then the different lake clusters are compared over time, through time series analysis of the WQPs patterns. Finally, the clusters patterns are aggregated over time to map the lakes’ areas that have experienced higher or lower WQPs values during 2019–2020. The results show a high spatial variability for the lakes under study, both during the different seasons and years; a North-South gradient has been identified for all WQPs pattern, requiring for further investigation.
BUILDING SEGMENTATION IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY BASED ON DEEP LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Liu L.-Y. , Wang C.-K.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Understanding building area in agricultural land is important since arable land area in Taiwan is limited. One of the practical ways is manual digitization on high resolution satellite imagery, which can avoid field investigation and achieve satisfying results. However, such practice is tedious and labor intensive. Past researches have shown that deep learning methods are useful to segment buildings in different cities using satellite imagery. In this study, ENVINet5 model was trained and used to segment buildings from high resolution Pleiades pansharpened imagery. The training images (with the size of 2500 pixels × 2500 pixels) were randomly selected from 9 counties/cities to increase diversity since each county/city has different building patterns. The performance of ENVINet5 model reached 0.977, 0.814, 0.847, and 0.829 respectively on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Since evaluation by pixels can be difficult to show geometry of buildings, we evaluated the model by counting the number of inference building segments, which was post-processed from inference result of ENVINet5 trained model. Further analysis by counting the inference building segments is discussed in this study.
MAPPING LAND COVER CHANGE AND MODELLING ITS IMPACTS ON THE INUNDATION RESPONSES OF THE AGUSAN MARSH, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Makinano-Santillan M. M. , Santillan J. R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Monitoring of environmental changes is one of the most popular applications of satellite remote sensing. In this study, we applied satellite remote sensing to map and monitor changes in land cover of Agusan Marsh, one of the most ecologically significant wetlands, and an important region of biodiversity in the Philippines. Multi-temporal land cover maps of the Agusan Marsh over a 22-year period from 1995 to 2017 were generated through Maximum Likelihood classification of Landsat 5, TM, ETM+ and OLI images. Post-classification change detection of the land-cover maps showed that more than 60% of the marsh is naturally vegetated during the mapping period. Agricultural/cultivated areas were the second dominant land cover and were found to be increasing through the years while wetland vegetation generally showed a downward trend. Two-dimensional (2D) flood modelling using HEC RAS was also performed to estimate how the Agusan Marsh would react to extreme rainfall events in terms of depth and extent of inundations. Simulation results showed that the Agusan Marsh responded differently for each year in terms of inundation depth and extent. These results of the combined satellite remote sensing + 2D modelling approach implemented in this study would be essential to better understand landscape patterns in the Agusan Marsh, including changes and interactions between human activities and natural phenomenon such as flooding for proper marsh management and improved decision-making.
INDIVIDUAL TREE CROWN DELINEATION FROM HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGERY USING U-NET
Authors: Hu B. , Jung W.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The objective of this study was to explore the utilization of deep learning networks in individual tree crown (ITC) delineation, a very important step in individual tree analysis. Even though many traditional machine learning methods have been developed for ITC delineation, the accuracy remains low, especially for dense forests where branches, crowns, and clusters of trees usually have similar characteristics and boundaries of tree crowns are not distinct. Advance in deep learning provides a good opportunity to improve ITC delineation. In this study, U-net, Residual U-net, and attention U-net were implemented for the first time in ITC delineation. In order to ensure that the boundaries of tree crowns were classified correctly, a weight map was generated to give more weights to boundary pixels between two close crowns in the loss function. These three networks were trained and tested using optical imagery obtained over a study site within the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region, Ontario Canada. Based on two test sites dominated by open mixed forest and closed deciduous forests, respectively, the overall accuracies were 0.94 and 0.90, respectively for U-net, 0.89 and 0.62 for Residual U-net, and 0.96 and 0.83 for attention U-net.
COMBINED USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL MODELLING: WHEN SURFACE WATER IMPACTS BUFFALO (SYNCERUS CAFFER CAFFER) MOVEMENTS IN SAVANNA ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Rumiano F. , Gaucherel C. , Degenne P. , Miguel E. , Chamaillé-Jammes S. , Valls-Fox H. , Cornélis D. , de Garine-Wichatitsky M. , Fritz H. , Caron A. , Tran A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In semi-arid savannas, the availability of surface water constrains movements and space-use of wild animals. To accurately model their movements in relation to water selection at a landscape scale, innovative methods have to be developed to i) better discriminate water bodies in space while characterizing their seasonal occurrences and ii) integrate this information in a spatially-explicit model to simulate animal movements according to surface water availability. In this study, we propose to combine satellite remote sensing (SRS) and spatial modelling in the case of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) movements at the periphery of Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe).An existing classification method of satellite Sentinel-2 time-series images has been adapted to produce monthly surface water maps at 10 meters spatial resolution. The resulting water maps have then been integrated into a spatialized mechanistic movement model based on a collective motion of self-propelled individuals to simulate buffalo movements in response to surface water.The use of spectral indices derived from Sentinel-2 in combination with the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band in a Random Forest (RF) classifier provided robust results with a mean Kappa index, over the time series, of 0.87 (max = 0.98, min = 0.65). The results highlighted strong space and time variabilities of water availability in the study area. The mechanistic movement model showed a positive and significant correlation between observations/simulations movements and space-use of buffalo’s herds (Spearman r = 0.69, p-value < 10 e-114) despite overestimating the presence of buffalo individuals at proximity of the surface water.
SENTINEL-2A BASED IMPERVIOUSNESS MONITORING OF URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Halder D. , Garg R. D.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The cities where the future happens first, they are open, creative, cosmopolitan and sexy and the perfect antidote to reactionary nationalism but the urbanization in unplanned manner is becoming an environmental-social-economical threat to accommodate the huge number of population which is literally boosting the present situation of climate change due to global warming. Extracting, measuring and treating the urban area which compiles of dense built-up and complex road network, is very essential to decrease the negative impact on environment. If most of the impervious surfaces can be replaced with permeable or semi-permeable materials or solar panel then the habitation will be saved from natural disastrous events like heat wave and flash flood. Urbanization can be categorized mainly into two: a) Static (urban open space + built space) and b) Dynamic (transportation). The static and dynamic urbanizations largely consist of impermeable or impervious materials. Impervious surfaces are alluded as the anthropogenic elements through that water can't infiltrate into the soil, such as streets, driveways, parking areas, houses, structures etc. An urban area is a densely populated human settlement, facilitated with multiple infrastructures including built and un-built. These areas or settlements are categorized as towns, suburbs, cities by urban morphology. Through balancing the ratio between the un-built (urban space) and built (building & roads), urban disastrous events can be minimized. This research mainly focused on the extraction of impervious areas using regression modelling approach which is used to generate an impervious surface map from Sentinel-2A dataset of Delhi. Utilising multiple normalised indices can provide better classification results. This study shows that in urban areas imperviousness is becoming one of the prominent computational parameter and monitoring impervious areas could help us understand a lot of urban phenomena which are built-up induced and its rapid change in urban environment is giving rise to unhealthy living conditions.
FURTHER ADVENTURES IN MARS DTM QUALITY: SMOOTHING ERRORS, SHARPENING DETAILS
Authors: Kirk R. L. , Mayer D. , Redding B. L. , Galuszka D. M. , Fergason R. L. , Hare T. M. , Gwinner K.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We have used high-precision, high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) of the NASA Mars Science Laboratory and Mars 2020 rover landing sites based on mosaicked images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO HiRISE) camera as a reference data set to evaluate DTMs based on Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (MEX HRSC) images. The Next Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction (NGATE) matcher in the SOCET SET/GXP® commercial photogram- metric system produces DTMs with relatively good (small) horizontal resolution but high error, and results are terrain dependent, with poorer resolution and smaller errors on smoother surfaces. Multiple approaches to smoothing the NGATE DTMs give very similar tradeoffs between resolution and error. Smoothing the NGATE DTMs with a 5x5 lowpass filter is near optimal in terms of both combined resolution-error performance and local slope estimation, but smoothing with a single pass of an area-based matcher, which has been the standard approach for generating planetary DTMs at the U.S. Geological Survey to date results in similar errors and only slightly worse resolution. DTMs from the HRSC team processing pipeline fall within this same trade space but are less sensitive to terrain roughness. DTMs produced with the Ames Stereo Pipeline also fall in this space at resolutions intermediate between NGATE and the team pipeline. Although DTM resolution and error each vary by a factor of 2, the product of resolution and error is much more consistent, varying by ≤20% across multiple image sets and matching algorithms. Refinement of the stereo DTM by photoclinometry can yield significant quantitative improvement in resolution and some improvement in error (improving their product by as much as a factor of 2), provided that albedo variations over distances smaller than the stereo DTM resolution are not too severe.
SEGMENTATION ON SENTINEL-3 DATA FOR SURFACE HEAT ISLAND DETECTION
Authors: Kotaridis I. , Lazaridou M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The commonly higher temperatures in urban environment, compared to its surrounding countryside, have been observed and described for a long time. Several studies, focusing on the quantification of this phenomenon, have been carried out. Detecting, understanding and monitoring of heat islands is of utmost importance. This paper presents a methodological framework for a rapid identification of surface heat islands. For this purpose, image pre-processing, image segmentation and image analysis are conducted in SNAP, Orfeo ToolBox (OTB) and QGIS accordingly. Sentinel-3 data were obtained and land surface temperature (LST) product was utilized. This is not equal to air temperature that is presented in the daily weather report; however, it is a quite good and accessible indicator. Specifically, two products were used, one of day observation and one of night observation in order to highlight the differentiation of these two views. In addition, the correlation between NDVI and LST was examined in order to comprehend how land cover affects temperature. The proposed methodology was carried out by obtaining freely-available data that were processed in open-source software.
PIXEL BASED LANDSLIDE IDENTIFICATION USING LANDSAT 8 AND GEE
Authors: Singh P. , Maurya V. , Dwivedi R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Landslide is one of the most common natural disasters triggered mainly due to heavy rainfall, cloud burst, earthquake, volcanic eruptions, unorganized constructions of roads, and deforestation. In India, field surveying is the most common method used to identify potential landslide regions and update the landslide inventories maintained by the Geological Survey of India, but it is very time-consuming, costly, and inefficient. Alternatively, advanced remote sensing technologies in landslide analysis allow rapid and easy data acquisitions and help to improve the traditional method of landslide detection capabilities. Supervised Machine learning algorithms, for example, Support Vector Machine (SVM), are challenging to conventional techniques by predicting disasters with astounding accuracy. In this research work, we have utilized open-source datasets (Landsat 8 multi-band images and JAXA ALOS DSM) and Google Earth Engine (GEE) to identify landslides in Rudraprayag using machine learning techniques. Rudraprayag is a district of Uttarakhand state in India, which has always been the center of attention of geological studies due to its higher density of landslide-prone zones. For the training and validation purpose, labeled landslide locations obtained from landslide inventory (prepared by the Geological Survey of India) and layers such as NDVI, NDWI, and slope (generated from JAXA ALOS DSM and Landsat 8 satellite multi-band imagery) were used. The landslide identification has been performed using SVM, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Minimum Distance, Random forest (RF), and Naïve Bayes techniques, in which SVM and RF outperformed all other techniques by achieving an 87.5% true positive rate (TPR).
Investigation on the characteristics of the South Atlantic Anomaly
Authors: Nasuddin Khairul Afifi , Abdullah Mardina , Abdul Hamid Nurul Shazana
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is known for its weak Earth’s magnetic field strength. In this research, power spectrum analysis method was applied on the Horizontal intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field with data sample rate used at 1 min. Four active periods on 18 March 2012, 10 March 2012, 25 April 2012, and 30 June 2013 which represent the occurrence of geomagnetic storms and 4 normal periods on 25 March 2012, 21 March 2012, 4 April 2012, and 15 June 2013 which indicate no geomagnetic storm event were examined. Research was conducted by analyzing the SAA region where comparisons were made between the middle latitude region and the high latitude region. The results indicate that the SAA region tends to be persistent, and this may be due to the ring current. The middle latitude region experienced a mixture of persistent and antipersistent characteristics and this may be due to the transportation of plasma and seasonal weather variations. The high latitude region tends to be antipersistent. This may indicate that the high latitude region is influenced by geomagnetic storms and the aurora.
The Wealth of Zaibatsu Owner Families: The Impact of Zaibatsu Busting in Occupied Japan
Authors: Ericson Steven
Published: June 2021

Contrary to widely accepted views, the former zaibatsu owner families, despite the drastic reduction in their enormous wealth, emerged from the U.S. Occupation with relatively sizable assets. The Holding Company Liquidation Commission, the Japanese agency that at the direction of Occupation Headquarters (GHQ) seized stocks that the zaibatsu families had held either directly or through their holding companies, worked to protect the families, especially by convincing GHQ to switch compensation from nonnegotiable bonds to cash. Furthermore, in the sale of stocks, the policy of giving purchase priority to zaibatsu company employees appears to have made it possible in some cases for the families to buy back shares and regain control over their former enterprises after 1952. As it turned out, the confiscatory measure was not so much the appropriation of the families’ assets under the GHQ-mandated dissolution of the combines as it was the Japanese government’s own punitive capital levy.
Steven Ericson. Financial Stabilization in Meiji Japan: The Impact of the Matsukata Reform. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2019. x + 198 pp. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-5017-4691-8.
Authors: Bryan Steven
Published: June 2021

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Cultural Linguistics and Religion: Human Anatomical Terms in the Holy Bible
Authors: Higgins Laura
Published: June 2021

This study investigates, within the scope of Cultural Linguistics, underlying cultural conceptualisations of human anatomical (body part) terms in the Holy Bible linked to the Christian worldview. It comes as a response to the call for further research on the reciprocal relationship between language and religion from other sub-disciplines. In recent years, the analytical framework of Cultural Linguistics has shown how religious language can embody the specific worldview that lies at the core of the religion through analysis of the language and conceptualisations associated with the religion and its belief systems. This study applies corpus-linguistics and the analytical framework of Cultural Linguistics to unpack cultural metaphors, cultural categories and cultural schemas associated with body part terms in the Bible. This approach, referred to as Corpus-Cultural analysis, was used to collect data and analyse conceptualisations drawn from the original Hebrew and Greek manuscripts, Bible concordance, Bible encyclopedia and dictionary, as well as scripture commentaries. The findings reveal that body part terms in biblical texts play an important role in providing a significant conceptual base for representing the Christian worldview of the specified body parts. For example, the term ‘heart’ is conceptualised as the seat of, emotions, determination or courage, intellect, understanding and conscience in the Bible. In addition, it was found that various conceptualisations derive from several sources, including ancient Hebrew and Greek worldviews, Jewish religion and customs, translation of original text into English, biblical commentaries, and religious literature. Overall, the study concludes that the Corpus-Cultural approach contributes to the in-depth understanding of Holy texts.
INFLUENCE OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF SHAPE RUTHENIUM NANOCATALYSTS
Authors: GHADAMGAHI S.
Published: June 2021

Ruthenium fabricated as noble metal nanoparticles can be catalytically active for hydrogenation of organic compounds. However, a challenging issue for researchers is that Ru nanocatalysts can be spontaneously deactivated due to some effects, such as sintering or leaching of active components, oxidation of metal particles, inactive metal or metal oxide deposition and impurities in solvents and reagents. Activation of metal nanoparticles is one option for reactivation of shape Ru particles immobilized on SiO2 (0.1 wt% Ru/SiO2) utilized as nanocatalysts in chemical reactions. In fact, the catalytic activity of metal particles is known to be proportional to the active part of the surface area. The effects of thermal treatments on the catalytic activity of “shape Ru/SiO2 for hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane were investigated. Optimization of activations by varying temperature and its time proved to be effective on the activity of catalysts retaining the Ru nanocatalysts shapes for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. Product mixtures were analysed using gas chromatography (GC-FID) to determine conversions. The Ru catalysts showed the highest activity (C%: 100) when the catalysts were activated by activation following protocol No.1 (TPR1) in a furnace under the mildest reduction with more severe conditions (temperature: 200 oC for 1 h, which was the shortest activation time). HRTEM study showed only minimal aggregation and so minor deformation of the shape Ru nanoparticles for this type of Ru activation.
KINETICS OF LOW PRESSURE AMMONIA OXIDATION OVER RH(111)
Authors: FAGIOLI U. N. , BOEHN B. V. , RAFTI M. , IMBIHL R.
Published: June 2021

The kinetics of the NH3 + O2 reaction over a Rh(111) single crystal catalytic surface was explored in the 10-6 mbar pressure range at temperatures between 300-900 K. Selectivity towards N2 and NO products, and reactive sticking coefficients were monitored in situ using differentially pumped quadrupole mass spectroscopy (QMS).
EVALUATION OF KINETIC CONSTANTS AND TRANSPORT EFFICIENCIES AT MEMBRANE INTERFACES TO OPTIMIZE Co(II) RECOVERY BY BULK LIQUID MEMBRANES
Authors: LEÓN G. , GÓMEZ M. , GUZMÁN M. A. , MIGUEL B.
Published: June 2021

The harms of heavy metals to the environment and public health joined to their character of valuable resource, have lead to an increasing interest in the search of efficient processes for their removal/recovery. In this paper we study the optimization of cobalt(II) recovery by bulk liquid membranes through a carrier facilitated counter transport mechanism, using DP8R as carrier and H2SO4 as stripping agent (protons as counter-ions), by analyzing the influence of different operational parameters (carrier concentration in the membrane, stripping agent concentration in the product phase, stirring rate and organic phase volume) on both the extraction/stripping kinetic constants and the Co(II) transport efficiencies through the feed/membrane and the membrane/product interfaces.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERBRACKET DISTANCE AND GABLE BENDS ON THE FORCE AND MOMENTS IN A SEGMENTED ARCH APPROACH: A NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: FERREIRA M. A. , RODRIGUES F. R.M. , BORGES P. C. , LUERSEN M. A.
Published: June 2021

The present paper verified the effect of the interbracket distance on the force system developed by orthodontic retraction springs with two delta geometries measured during space closure when spaces between teeth are present. By using a platform transducer, five different interbracket distances were tested. Also the finite element method was applied to know the von Mises stress during spring activation/deactivation process. It was concluded that the interbracket distance and spring geometry variables have not caused significant influence on the force system resulting from activations, but activation has produced a statistical difference.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANT CERASTIUM FONTANUM
Authors: Himayat Ullah  , Muhammad Mustafa  , Muhammad Israr  , Zahid Ali  , Nouman M. , Muhammad Hubaib
Published: June 2021

Naturally God gifted medicinal plants which contain more potentially active compounds their characterization and isolation are very important and can provide us a great help in making new drugs to cure many diseases. Our current attempt was made to obtain the ethanolic extracts of medicinal plant Cerastium fontanum using a hot continuous soxhlet process and also via maceration method. The concentrated dried fraction extracts of Cerastium fontanum such as aqueous, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane were achieved using liquid-liquid extraction which were then evaluated for in vitro antioxidants potential using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) assay and also agar-well diffusion method were used for antimicrobial potential. In vitro antioxidants inhibition potential were measured through spectrophotometer at various concentration (500 to 62.5µg/mL) prepared in standard solvent. Among all extracts aqueous fraction showed IC50 = 2.9 ± 0.05mg/mL maximum potency towards stable DPPH much closer to standard control acarbose IC50 = 2.61 ± 0.01mg/mL. The antibacterial activity results indicated that all fractions found active against both strains (gram positive and gram negative) of bacteria. In various extracts only the aqueous fraction extracts showed excellent inhibition potential against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli. While dichloromethane fraction extracts were found active only with gram negative strain. Thus the Cerastium fontanum extracts possess much higher inhibition potential then standard available antibiotics in the market.
An Application of the Boyer Model in Developing Business Faculty in Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) Accreditation in Vietnamese Membership Institutes
Authors: Vo Hieu Minh , Luu Anh Bao The , Nguyen Nhung Hong
Published: June 2021

The Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) is an accrediting body that assesses the quality and integrity of business-related training programs at educational institutions. As ACBSP applied the Boyer model in evaluating, categorising the business faculty, forcing the faculties to develop the quality of their human resources indirectly, improved education quality. This paper was written to reflect how the Boyer model was applied in business faculties in Vietnamese member institutes and how the institutes are changing to fulfill the standards. The methodology that would be used to analyze the secondary data is descriptive analysis. The data is collected under the acceptance of those institutes. The primary data could be deep interviews with faculty managers, faculty members, board of management of the institutes. In order to be more convincing, the research would also pick some ACBSP members as empirical studies. The findings of the research are the trends of the faculties and the lesson withdrawn from their changing experience.
Xác định nồng độ và mối liên quan một số cytokine với đặc điểm lâm sàng bệnh vảy nến mụn mủ
Authors: Thị Thu Hoài Nguyễn , Thị Vân Bùi , Hữu Doanh Lê
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Xác định nồng độ và mối liên quan của một số cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ) với đặc điểm lâm sàng bệnh vảy nến mụn mủ. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang trên 30 bệnh nhân vảy nến mụn mủ điều trị tại Bệnh viện Da liễu Trung ương và Khoa Da liễu - Dị ứng, Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Kết quả: Nồng độ các cytokine IL-2, IL-10, IL-17 ở bệnh nhân vảy nến mụn mủ toàn thân cao hơn người khỏe mạnh, IL-6 ở bệnh nhân vảy nến mụn mủ không có tiền sử vảy nến cao hơn nhóm bệnh nhân có tiền sử vảy nến thông thường và tăng dần theo mức độ bệnh. IL-8 tăng tỷ lệ nghịch với mức độ bệnh. Kết luận: Có sự thay đổi IL-2, 6, 8, 10, 17 ở bệnh nhân vảy nến mụn mủ.

Từ khóa: Vảy nến mụn mủ, cytokine, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ.
Nghiên cứu một số yếu tố liên quan với hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương trên bệnh nhân cao tuổi điều trị tại Khoa Cấp cứu, Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương
Authors: Trung Anh Nguyễn , Xuân Thanh Nguyễn , Thị Thanh Huyền Vũ , Thắng Phạm
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát một số yếu tố liên quan với hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương trên bệnh nhân cao tuổi điều trị tại Khoa Cấp cứu, Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu được tiến hành theo phương pháp mô tả cắt ngang tiến cứu tại Khoa Cấp cứu, Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương, từ tháng 10 năm 2015 đến tháng 10 năm 2016 trên bệnh nhân từ 60 tuổi trở lên, hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương được đánh giá theo tiêu chí Fried. Kết quả: Tổng số có 389 bệnh nhân với độ tuổi trung bình là 79,1 ± 8,9 năm. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương là 68,4%. Hoạt động chức năng hàng ngày, hoạt động chức năng hàng ngày có dụng cụ và chỉ số bệnh đồng mắc Charlson có liên quan với hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương (p<0,05). Kết luận: Hoạt động chức năng hàng ngày, hoạt động chức năng hàng ngày với dụng cụ và tình trạng đa bệnh lý có liên quan với hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương.

Từ khóa: Hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương, yếu tố liên quan, người cao tuổi, Khoa Cấp cứu.
Nhận xét kết quả chăm sóc bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp tại Khoa Điều trị Gan, Mật, Tụy - Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108
Authors: Thị Ngọc Linh Nguyễn , Thị Loan Nguyễn , Thị Hường Nguyễn , Thanh Tín Phạm , Thanh Tín Phạm , Thị Hiền Nguyễn , Thị Thùy Dương Phạm
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá thực trạng và kết quả chăm sóc bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu mô tả công tác chăm sóc điều dưỡng trên 36 người bệnh viêm tuỵ cấp điều trị tại Khoa Điều trị Gan, Mật, Tuỵ - Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Kết quả: 75% người bệnh dưới 60 tuổi; mức độ viêm tuỵ cấp nhẹ và vừa chiếm 94,4%. Nguyên nhân chủ yếu do rượu, rối loạn chuyển hoá và sỏi mật. 100% người bệnh được theo dõi các chỉ số sinh tồn, trong đó có 5 người bệnh biểu hiện sốt và mạch nhanh trong ngày đầu. 100% người bệnh có đau bụng khi nhập viện, đến ngày thứ 5 chỉ còn 5 người bệnh có biểu hiện đau bụng nhẹ. 10 người bệnh phải đặt sonde dạ dày trong 2 ngày đầu. Tất cả người bệnh được cho ăn trở lại trong ngày thứ 3 của bệnh. Tổng lượng dịch truyền trung bình trong ngày đầu tiên nhập viện là 3181,3ml. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình là 5,6 ± 2 ngày. Kết luận: Công tác chăm sóc theo dõi bệnh nhân viêm tuỵ cấp đạt kết quả tốt, nuôi dưỡng sớm qua đường tiêu hoá sau 48 giờ, thời gian nằm viện ngắn.

Từ khoá: Viêm tuỵ cấp, chăm sóc bệnh nhân.
Thực trạng cơ cấu bệnh, kết quả điều trị và một số yếu tố liên quan của bệnh nhân đến cấp cứu tại Bệnh viện Quân y 91 từ tháng 11/2018 đến tháng 2/2020
Authors: Thị Kim Thái Hoàng , Xuân Tiến Trịnh , Xuân Trường Trần
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Xác định cơ cấu bệnh, kết quả điều trị và một số yếu tố liên quan của bệnh nhân cấp cứu tại Bệnh viện Quân y 91 từ tháng 11/2018 đến tháng 2/2020. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 1516 bệnh nhân vào viện cấp cứu điều trị tại Bệnh viện Quân y 91 từ tháng 11/2018 đến tháng 2/2020. Kết quả: Có 20 nhóm bệnh trong ICD-10 trên các đối tượng nghiên cứu, nhóm XIX, nhóm XI và nhóm IX chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất, lần lượt: 37,5%, 15,6% và 14,8%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân vào viện cấp cứu chủ yếu ở nhóm tuổi từ 45 trở lên chiếm 79,9%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân nam và nữ, lần lượt: 61% và 39%. Ngày điều trị trung bình 7,9 ngày. Khỏi, ra viện 87,3%. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân vào viện cấp cứu chủ yếu ở nhóm tuổi từ 45 trở lên chiếm 79,9%. Các nhóm bệnh chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất gồm nhóm XIX, XI, IX, I và nhóm X. Trong tất cả các nhóm bệnh, nam đều có tỷ lệ mắc cao hơn nữ (p<0,05). Tỷ lệ khỏi, ra viện chiếm 87,3%. Có 11,3% Bệnh nhân mắc bệnh nặng, nguy kịch xin về hoặc chuyển viện ngay.

Từ khóa: Phân loại cơ cấu bệnh cấp cứu, Bệnh viện Quân y 91.
Đặc điểm hình ảnh cắt lớp vi tính sọ não ở bệnh nhân đột quỵ nhồi máu não cấp
Authors: Anh Tuấn Phùng , Đăng Hải Nguyễn
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Mô tả một số đặc điểm hình ảnh cắt lớp vi tính sọ não ở bệnh nhân đột quỵ nhồi máu não đến viện sớm trong 6 giờ đầu. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 73 bệnh nhân đột quỵ nhồi máu não điều trị tại Khoa Đột quỵ, Bệnh viện Quân y 103 từ tháng 1/2020 đến tháng 12/2020. Mô tả hình ảnh, so sánh mức độ tuần hoàn bàng hệ ở hai nhóm có và không có tổn thương não trên cắt lớp vi tính bằng Chi bình phương test. Kết quả: Chỉ 20,5% bệnh nhân có hình ảnh tổn thương não sớm trên cắt lớp vi tính. Có tới 47,9% bệnh nhân không thấy tắc mạch trên phim cắt lớp vi tính mạch não. Động mạch não giữa là vị trí hay bị tắc nhất. Liên quan có ý nghĩa giữa mức độ tuần hoàn bàng hệ và tổn thương não sớm. Kết luận: Hình ảnh cắt lớp vi tính có giá trị đánh giá tổn thương não ở bệnh nhân đột quỵ nhồi máu não.

Từ khóa: Nhồi máu não, cắt lớp vi tính, tuần hoàn bàng hệ, dấu hiệu sớm.
An Exploration of the Pulmonary Fitness of Construction Workers in Delhi NCR in the light of the BOCWA Act
Authors: S Krishnakumar , Thakur Shailaja S , Pais Jesim
Published: June 2021

The construction sector is one of the most important sources of employment for labour in India. The workers in the construction sector are exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter at their place of work. This increases their susceptibility to various respiratory diseases, particularly Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). This study is based on a sample of 30 migrant construction workers who have been in the construction labour force in the Delhi- National Capital Region for a minimum of three years. The study reports comparative pulmonary fitness and haematological parameters of the workers in the construction sector versus other sectors. The pulmonary function test parameters like FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one sec), FEV1/FVC, and PEF (Peak Expiratory Flow) were performed in both test and control groups using a spirometer. Our results show that the pulmonary fitness indicators like FVC, FEV1and PEF are significantly impaired in construction workers as compared to those of the control group. Based on Independent t-test using SPSS Statistics, we observed significant differences (p< 0.05) in FEV1 and FVC between both groups. The study thus confirms that labourers exposed to poor air quality at the construction site are susceptible to respiratory diseases, particularly ARDS. All of this reflects the poor enforcement of the adequate safety measures well enlisted in social legislations like the BOCWA (Building and Other Construction Workers Act).

Key words: ARDS, BOCWA, FEV1/FVC, migrant construction labour.
Les effets perçus du stress chez le personnel de la santé dans le contexte actuel de la pandémie COVID-19
Authors: Bajji Raissoune , Lalaoui Siham
Published: June 2021

Ce travail de recherche apporte des éléments de réponse au soulèvement qui tente d’entrevoir les retentissements de l’épisode épidémique sur le niveau de stress ressenti et sur la qualité de vie du personnel de la santé. Il s’intéresse aux aspects de l’organisation du travail du personnel de la santé et leur portée stressogène. Un important niveau de stress déjà présent que l’actuel crise sanitaire est venue rehausser. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’intérêt d’appréhender le stress perçu auprès du personnel de la santé a émergé, et c’est ce sur quoi porte cet article à travers une étude terrain menée auprès de professionnel en service au cours de la crise Covid-19 (médecins, infirmiers, dentistes, pharmaciens, techniciens de laboratoires…). Pour s’y faire, nous présenterons d’abord l’état des connaissances autour du stress professionnel, s’en suivra une présentation des caractéristiques organisationnels propres aux personnels de la santé, avant de finir avec la présentation et la discussion des résultats de l’étude menée. Des résultats qui démontrent un taux très élevé de prolifération du stress professionnel.
TÜRKİSTANLI HOCA AHMED YESEVÎ’NİN TÜRK DÜNYASI’NDAKİ YERİ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: AKÇORA Ergün Öz
Published: June 2021

Yesevî düşüncesinin özü kendini, kültürünü, dilini, tarihini ve dinini tanımaktır. Şüphesiz Yesevi’nin yaşadığı çağda Orta Asya Türk toplulukları göçebe ve yerleşik, dağınık Türk topluluklarının hepsi İslamiyet'e girememişlerdir. İslamiyet’e girenlerinde, henüz bu yeni dinin esaslarını tam özümsemeleri mümkün olmamıştır..Bu çalışmamız ile “Hoca Ahmed Yesevî’nin tarikatı olan “Yesevîlik (Yesevîyye) yolu”, tarihî kaynaklardan bir bütün halinde istifade edilerek çağdaş dünyanın insanları için pratikleri ve erişilebilirliği ile anlaşılabilir bir hale getirilmeye çalışılacaktır Yine bu çalışmamızda “Tasavvufun” oynadığı rol, kilit sayılabilecek bir konumda olduğu görülecek ve tasavvufu, Türk tarzı Müslümanlığın ayrılmaz bir parçası olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Hoca Ahmed Yesevî, Türkistan’dan Kafkaslara ve Balkanlara şekil vermişlerdir. Hoca Ahmed Yesevî ve takipçilerinin "İslam’ı Tebliğ" metodu, bütünleştirici, teşvik edici bir metot olmuştur.İslamiyet, Allah’a imanı, Allah'a yöneliş ve her şeyin Allah anlayışında odaklaşması prensibinde görür. Allaha aşkla bağlılık İnsan sevgisini, İnsana hizmeti İslamiyet’in emri olduğunu ve insanın huzur ve mutluluğunu İslam’ın amacı olarak bilir. Bu fikirlere daha pek çok fikirler ilave etmek mümkündür. Nitekim öğrencileri O'nun “hikmetlerini” köylere, şehirlere, mezralara, kışlak ve yaylaklara taşıdılar. Bu şiirler, deyişler, öğütler, hikmetli sözler olarak, özdeyişler halinde Türk Ordularının gittiği her yere ulaştılar Hoca Ahmed Yesevî, bütün deyişlerini tebliğ ve nasihatlarını “Hikmet” adı altında söylemiştir Hoca Ahmed Yesevî’nin hikmetlerinde; ahlak kitaplarında Türklüğümüzde ve Müslümanlığımızda nelere borçlu olduğumuz anlatılmıştır. Bu borçların arasında; dilimizin gelişmesini, zenginleşmesini Dinimizin yanlış görüşlerden arındırılmış, doğru yorumunu, "Milli Kültürümüzün inançlarımıza sımsıkı bağlı oluşumunu göstermek mümkün olmuşturTürk Milletinin İslamiyet’i anlama ve algılama noktasında “Yesevîlik” iyi bir eğitim görmüş; bölgenin ilim merkezi Buhara Medresesi'nde din ilimlerini ve zamanın diğer bilgileri tahsil edilmiştir. Devrin büyük bilgini “Yusuf Hemedani’den” “tasavvuf" dersleri alınmıştır. Karahanlı Hükümdarı “Saltuk Buğra Kara Han’ın” 950 yılında İslâmiyet'i resmî devlet dini olarak kabul etmesi, Türk Dünyasının önemli bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Neticede Hoca Ahmed Yesevî’nin ölümünden sonra da Türkçe şiir söyleme geleneği O'nun hikmetlerinden ergin kişilerce devam ettirildi. İslâmiyet'i benimseyen Türk'ler, Türk -İslâm sentezine dayanan yeni bir kültüre sahibi oldular. Hacı Bektaş Veli'ler, Yunus Emre'ler, Hacı Bayram'lar, O'nun erginlik ermişlikte de; şiir / deyiş ve tebliğde de takipçileri oldular.