bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brazil and South Africa: The Weak Links of the BRICS?
Authors: Freddy Agonnoude Bidoley Vianney , Sylvestre Adohounde Yaovi , Aleksandrovich Stepanov Sergey , Viktorovna Shulenina Nadezhda
Published: November 2019

As the central role of the state in international relations is challenged, many new actors are emerging on the world stage. Today, there are a multitude of international organizations or groups of countries with considerable influence. Among the latter, the BRICS are drawing increasing attention with greater economic and political weight. Calling for the need to build a multipolar world, the ideological approach of the group of five dynamic world economies is intended to unite in a world marked by Western hegemony. It is important to note, however, that the five countries that make up the BRICS have their own specificities, which differentiates them from one another. Apart from the ideological constant that undeniably unites them, the BRICS are above all five distinct economies, five political systems, five foreign policies, to name but a few factors. The author uses a number of criteria to analyze the place of Brazil and South Africa in the BRICS. Referring to the weaknesses of these two countries, the author pays a close attention to their foreign policy approach in the context of BRICS' restructuring of the world order, as well as to the political scandals identified in the last decade at the top of these two countries.
The “International Community’S Interests” Element of the State of Necessity Test: Does It Make the Jus Cogens Limitation on Necessity Superfluous?
Authors: Krasikov Dmitry V. , Lipkina Nadezhda N.
Published: November 2019

According to Article 25 par. 1 (b) and Article 26 of the 2001 International Law Commission Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, the concept of general international law peremptory norms and that of interests of “the international community as a whole” play an important role in shaping the state of necessity as one of the circumstances that preclude wrongfulness of States’ conduct under general international law. The limitation on the necessity defense, placed by the international community’s interest condition contained in Article 25 par. 1 (b) of the ILC Articles, serves as a safeguard for the interests protected by the erga omnes international obligations. The concepts of erga omnes and of general international law peremptory norms differ significantly and while all the norms of the latter type give rise to obligations erga omnes, not every such obligation arises out of peremptory norms. This evidences of an autonomous role of the relevant provision of Article 25 par. 1 (b) but not of the jus cogens limitation under Article 26 in the context of the necessity defense. The present article argues that the jus cogens limitation under Article 26 plays a role largely independent from that of Article 25 par. 1 (b) since it is incorrect to see the latter as an absolute guarantee of obligations erga omnes. The present article is a part of a larger project “Circumstances precluding wrongfulness of conduct: the analysis of functional role and applicability parameters in the framework of International Human Rights Law” supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR Grant No. 18-011-00660).
Deadly Automatic Systems: Ethical And Legal Problems
Authors: Yurievich Mamychev Alexey , Vladimitovna Gayvoronskaya Yana , Anatolievna Petrova Daria , Igorevna Miroshnichenko Olga
Published: November 2019

Artificial intelligence, neural networks, speech and behavior recognition systems, drones, autonomous robotic systems - all of these and many other technologies are widely used by the military to create a new type of lethal weapon programmed to independently decide to use military force. According to experts, production of such weapons will be a revolution in military affairs, the same kind of revolution that the creation of nuclear weapons made back in the days.

Adoption of fully autonomous combat systems raises a number of ethical and legal issues, the major of which is a destruction of a supposed enemy’s manpower by a robot without a human command. This article focuses on the legal aspects of creating autonomous combat systems, their legal status and the prospects of creating an international document prohibiting lethal robotic technologies.

As the result of the study, the authors came to a conclusion that there is no direct legal restriction on the use of fully autonomous combat systems, however, the use of such weapons contradicts the doctrinal norms of international law. The authors also believe that a comprehensive ban on the development, use and distribution of robotic technologies is hardly possible in the foreseeable future. The most possible scenario for solving the problem at an international level is only a ban on the use of this type of military equipment directly during an operational activity of an armed conflict. At the same time, the authors consider it necessary to outline the acceptable areas of application of robotic technologies: medical and logistical support of military operations, military construction, the use of mine clearing robots and similar humanistically justified measures.
Traditional State Functions, Their Specificity and Types: Historical Review and Socio-Cultural Characteristics
Authors: Lyubashits Valentin Ya. , Mamychev Alexey Yu. , Razuvaev Nikolai V. , Osipov Alexander V. , Fedorova Natalya V.
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the essence of the traditional state functions, their specificity and key differences in comparison with the activities and tasks of the modern state. Discussion of the differences and the argumentation of the types and specificity of the traditional state functions is carried out by the authors on the basis of systematization of various historical and legal studies, political and legal monuments. The article explains that it is possible for each traditional state to identify a number of special functions having historical and typological specificity and a specific historical characteristic. These special functions deepen and concretize the universal (general) function of the state, based on its purpose and thus embodying the essence of the state as a social institution. The authors demonstrate, in a specific context, that the functions of the traditional state as a “base core” form an affective and traditionalist orientation in public power; in contrast to the modern functions of the state, having a value-normative orientation and a goal-rational activity component.
Do the Queensland Regulations Governing the Refund of Motor Vehicle Registration Fees Breach s 92 of the Commonwealth Constitution?
Authors: Harris Bede
Published: November 2019

The federal system in Australia imposes inconvenience on people. One of these inconveniences arises from the fact that each State and Territory has its own vehicle registration regime. In contrast to other States in Australia, purchasers of vehicles from outside Queensland suffer from a particular burden in that they are denied a refund of the unexpired portion of vehicle registration fees. In this article it is argued that that denial is unlawful both as a matter of the interpretation of the applicable Regulations and because it infringes s 92 of the Commonwealth Constitution, which prohibits the imposition of protectionist burdens on interstate trade and commerce.
Digital Transformation of Law and Socio-Political Relations in the Eurasian Space – on the Example of the Russian Federation
Authors: Baranov Pavel , Mamychev Aleksei , Kim Alexander , Cherkasova Tatyana , Kolimbet Pavel
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the processes of digital transformation of the political and legal systems of society in the Eurasian space (for example, the Russian state-legal organization). The authors discuss the process of introducing digital technology and artificial intelligence into the enforcement process, as well as the impact of digital technology on the political process. The content explains that a virtual digital space is currently being formed and most public relations are starting to unfold in it. At the same time, it is shown that in cyberspace, traditional value- normative regulators do not have the necessary effectiveness in regulating the interaction of people, and between people and virtual digital actors. The necessity of creating new regulatory systems and safety standards is substantiated.
PLANK'S RADIATION LAW AS A CONSEQUENCE OF NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS
Authors: ETKİN Valeriy
Published: November 2019

The conclusion of the Planck radiation law is proposed, which does not require the involvement of non-thermodynamic considerations. The conclusion is based on the concept of the wave nature of the radiation process and the existence of harmonics in oscillators. It is shown that the true radiation quantum is a wave that is discrete both in time and in space, and the Planck constant plays the role of the proportionality coefficient between the fluxes of radiant energy and traveling waves. The de Broglie relation is obtained as a consequence of the identity of the oscillation frequency of the oscillators to the flow of emitted waves. The proposed approach removes a number of contradictions of quantum theory with classical physics.
Theoretical Prediction of the Mass Flow Rates in the Bubble Pump
Authors: Gurevich Bella
Published: November 2019

The bubble pump is an essential part of diffusion absorption cooling systems where heating, pumping of the binary solution, and the separation occur. The existing theoretical models of the bubble pump were initially developed for air lift pumps where neither heating nor separation occurs. Thus, the experimental results for a bubble pump did not correlate well with the theoretical models. Empirical values were suggested in some of the models; however, their values varied from one system to another and could not be predicted analytically. In this work a modified model based on mass, energy, momentum, and heat balances is presented with the utilization of the drift flux model with laminar flow assumption. In addition, for the first time the applied heat is expressed in the model. The suggested model fits better with the experimental results than the previous models.
Autorität und Demokratie im Konstitutionalismus: vom Spannungsverhältnis zu dessen autoritärer Ausschaltung
Authors: Vesco Stephan
Published: November 2019

Angesichts der Wahlerfolge der Rechtspopulisten scheint sich eine alarmistische Grundhaltung breitzumachen, welche mit einem Rückzug auf den Liberalismus und Konstitutionalismus einhergeht und für sich beansprucht, damit die Demokratie gegen den Autoritarismus zu schützen. Mein Beitrag nimmt dies zum Anlass, die erwähnten Begrifflichkeiten und ihre Verhältnisse einer genaueren Betrachtung zu unterziehen. Zunächst möchte ich rekonstruieren, wie und in welcher Weise der Verfassung bzw. dem Konstitutionalismus Autorität immer schon eingeschrieben ist (1-3), und sich die Demokratie dazu in Wahrheit in einem Spannungsverhältnis befindet, das durch den konstitutionellen Liberalismus allerdings zu Ungunsten der Demokratie vorentschieden wird (4). Im Hauptteil der Arbeit werde ich weiters erörtern, wie im autoritären Wirtschaftsliberalismus der 1930er Jahre das demokratische Moment ganz getilgt wird (5) und die europäische Nachkriegsordnung diesen in gewisser Weise fortschreibt. Letzteres ist anhand der entsprechenden rechtlichen und politischen Entwicklungen der EU zu rekonstruieren (6). Daraus ist für den Status quo ein autoritäres Verhältnis von Konstitutionalismus zur Demokratie zu folgern, dessen mögliche Alternative kurz angedacht werden kann (7).
Deutsche Hochschule für Politik – Otto-Suhr-Institut. 70 Jahre Politikwissenschaft im Westen Berlins
Authors: Göhler Gerhard
Published: November 2019

Die Deutsche Hochschule für Politik wurde 1920 in Berlin gegründet und am 15. Januar 1949 im Westen Berlins wiedereröffnet. 1959 wurde sie in die Freie Universität integriert und heißt seitdem »Otto-Suhr-Institut«. Insgesamt lassen sich drei Entwicklungsetappen unterscheiden: (1) Verwissenschaftlichung unter dem Signum »Integrationswissenschaft«, (2) Krise der Integrationswissenschaft in den 1960er bis 1980er Jahren und (3) die neue Situation nach der deutschen Einheit.
Entwicklungschancen durch Integration in globale Wertschöpfungsketten: ein Länder- und Branchenvergleich
Authors: Dünhaupt Petra , Herr Hansjörg , Mehl Fabian , Teipen Christina
Published: November 2019

In liberalen Handelstheorien wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Aufbau exportorientierter Industrien im globalen Süden die Voraussetzungen für technologische Spill-Over-Effekte, Produktivitätssteigerungen und gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrtsgewinne schaffen kann. Basierend auf vergleichenden Fallstudien in vier Branchen (Bekleidung, Automobil, Elektronik und IT-Dienstleistungen) und sechs Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländern (Bangladesch, Brasilien, China, Indien, Südafrika, Vietnam) zeigt sich allerdings, dass eine erfolgreiche wirtschaftliche Integration in globale Wertschöpfungsketten nicht zwangsläufig mit besseren Arbeitsbedingungen sowie positiven Beschäftigungs- und Wohlfahrtseffekten einhergeht. Zudem wird deutlich, dass der länderspezifische Kontext innerhalb eines Industriezweigs hierbei eine größere Rolle spielt als oftmals angenommen. Entscheidende Einflussfaktoren sind insbesondere die nationalen Systeme industrieller Beziehungen und gewerkschaftliche Machtressourcen. Zugleich lässt sich feststellen, dass es ohne kohärente industriepolitische Strategien nicht gelingt, die Entwicklungschancen einer vertieften Integration in die globale Ökonomie zu realisieren.
Soziale Rechte in der Europäischen Union. Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Börner Stefanie
Published: November 2019

Die Europäische Säule sozialer Rechte (ESSR) stellt den jüngsten Vorstoß der Europäischen Kommission dar, die soziale Dimension Europas zu stärken. Der Beitrag nimmt die Semantik der ESSR zum Ausgangspunkt und untersucht mithilfe von T. H. Marshalls Konzept der sozialen Rechte, ob die sozialpolitischen Regulierungen auf EU-Ebene tatsächlich die Anforderungen sozialer Rechte erfüllen. Die Analyse macht sichtbar, dass es mit Blick auf die schon häufig geäußerte Diagnose eines sozialen Defizits der EU einen Zusammenhang zwischen den sozialen Ungleichheitsdynamiken innerhalb der EU und den nur schwach ausgeprägten bürgerlichen Rechten auf EU-Ebene gibt. Die vier analysierten Regulierungsstrategien der EU, Harmonisierung, Fördern, Kooperation und Koordinierung, sind – gemessen an sozialrechtlichen Maßstäben – aufgrund ihrer schwachen Durchsetzbarkeit, des mangelnden Rechtscharakters und der fehlenden Erwartungssicherheit allesamt unzulänglich. In einem transnationalen sozialen Gefüge, das seine Grundfreiheiten auf grenzüberschreitenden Verkehr und Mobilität hin zentriert, erweist sich das als zunehmend problematisch, nicht zuletzt weil soziale Rechte, so Marshall, die Ausübung der anderen bürgerlichen Rechte auf einer breiten Basis überhaupt erst ermöglichen.
Economics and the Shop Floor: Reflections of an Octogenarian
Authors: Locke Robert R.
Published: November 2019

In 2000, the Post-Autistic Economics Newsletter began covering the resistance of French students against the “uncontrolled use of mathematics” in their discipline. The students spoke of a “need to liberate economics from its autistic obsession with formal models that have no obvious empirical reference.” (Post-Autistic Economics Newsletter, issue 3, 27 Nov 2000) In an earlier newsletter they had elaborated, too often the lectures leave no place for reflection. Out of all the approaches to economic questions that exist, generally only one is presented to us. This approach is supposed to explain everything by means of a purely axiomatic process, as if this were THE economic truth. We do not accept this dogmatism. We want a pluralism of approaches, adapted to the complexity of the objects and to the uncertainty surrounding most of the big questions in economics (unemployment, inequalities, the place of financial markets, the advantages and disadvantages of free-trade, globalization, economic development, etc.) (Post-Autistic Economics Newsletter, issue 2, 3 Oct 2000). The students did not object to economics being a science; they just wanted to make it empirically relevant. This search for an empirically relevant science of economics has been a hard slog, for if the effort to show the autistic nature of orthodox nomothetic neoclassical economics has been relatively easy, the search for a praxis relevant alternative has not. I suggest that in looking for empirical relevancy primarily through expansion into the social sciences, post-autistic economists have been looking in the wrong place. For empirical relevance they need to focus on the relationship between economics and the shop floor.
Stellungnahmen der Jugendhilfe im Strafverfahren
Authors: Trenczek Thomas , Goldberg Brigitta
Published: November 2019

Stellungnahmen sind ein wichtiges, aber insb. im Kontext von Strafverfahren kein harmloses Handlungsinstrument der Sozialen Arbeit in der Jugendhilfe. Durch sie wird die sozialpädagogische und jugendhilferechtliche Expertise in die jugendgerichtlichen Verfahren eingebracht, allerdings müssen dabei mögliche Risiken und Nebenwirkungen (insb. im Hinblick auf Diagnosen und Prognosen) beachtet werden. In diesem Beitrag werden - ausgehend von der Klärung von Rolle und Aufgaben der Jugendhilfe im jugendgerichtlichen Verfahren (Kap. 3) und einem Überblick über die aktuellen Herausforderungen aufgrund der EU-Richtlinie (EU) 2016/800 zu den Verfahrensgarantien in Strafverfahren für Minderjährige (Kap. 2) - die fachlichen Standards der Stellungnahmen der Jugendhilfe im Rahmen ihrer Mitwirkung im strafrechtlichen Verfahren dargestellt (Kap. 4). Neben der Datenerhebung werden hier vor allem inhaltliche, aber auch formelle Aspekte fachlicher Stellungnahmen erörtert. Im Hinblick auf die Kernpunkte der Stellungnahmen werden die psychosoziale Diagnose, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Prognosen sowie die Problematik der Interventionsvorschläge diskutiert.
Wirkungen der Gesamtrechtsnachfolge im Einkommensteuerrecht
Authors: Rodenhäuser Veronika M.
Published: November 2019

Inheritance has tax consequences not only with regard to inheritance tax. Whenever a testator has not completed his business, for example collecting a claimant’s fees or when business assets are sold, tensions between income tax and inheritance tax occur. Unlike in a normal case, in these cases two legal entities are involved in a fiscal matter. This work examines whether and to what extent tax-relevant facts that have been realised in the person of a testator can be validated by an heir. The contradictions in case law and research literature regarding income taxation in the case of inheritance require an analysis of the given structures and principles of income tax law. This study devotes particular attention to possible solutions de lege ferenda in cases of the transfer of hidden reserves made by a testator which are intended to counteract the elimination of the potential to offset a testator’s losses.
Public Administration in Times of Transnationalisation and Crisis
Authors: McCowan Martina
Published: November 2019

Coordination in public administration has changed. This book analyses change in organisational structures and actors’ behaviour in times of transnationalisation and the global financial and eurozone crisis. It thereby goes one step further than the majority of existing studies, which focus on change in organisational structures and the impact of transnationalisation or crisis. This ‘inclusive’ approach enables the book to portray a nuanced and detailed picture of change in the Danish and German Ministries of Finance. Whilst cooperative forms of coordination indicate profound change in times of crisis, which is observable in the strengthening of actors’ ‘cosmopolitan identities’, transnationalisation does not have the power to overrule actors’ prevailing ‘local identities’, which is evidenced by the continuity of hierarchical coordination. The book thereby shows that crisis is a necessary condition for transnationalisation to realise its full transformative potential.
Diakonische Unternehmen und das Gemeinwohl
Authors: Dossi Ronald
Published: November 2019

This study defines the relationship of welfare organisations to society, the state and the Church in Christian theological terms, while at the same time remaining up-to-date and plausible. If welfare organisations can firmly establish their values, they can enhance their success rate, identity, plausibility and image. Inspired by a socially and theologically valid approach to social and welfare work, the author conceives an up-to-date defini-tion of the aforementioned relationship and develops a set of business principles based on clearly defined values, with which a plausible corporate policy can be devised. In doing so, he particularly takes into account the processes of pluralisation and secularisation that occur within welfare organisations. In his concept, the author presents welfare organisations as a sphere of social activity and cooperation with a Christian theological orientation, with Christianity and humanitarian forces in society cooperating on the basis of mutual business principles for the welfare of all human beings.
Women on the Margins of Imperial Plots: Farming on Borrowed Land
Authors: Podruchny Carolyn , Thistle Jesse , Jameson Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Rather than provide a detailed discussion of the findings of Carter’s Imperial Plots, this essay explores the lives of three women at the edges of the processes Carter outlines to illustrate the widespread influence of the narrowing of women’s roles and how women resisted and adapted. Our portraits of Maxi’diwiac (Hidatsa), Nancy Arcand (Metis), and Frances Zatylny (Ukrainian-Canadian) show how their agricultural practices (and their lives more generally) were confined by colonialism, while farming became their major site of resistance. Carter’s detailed descriptions of the racialized and gendered spaces on the prairies uncovers the mechanism of colonialism and helps us understand how cultural, social, economic, and political forces shaped the structures in which these women could operate. Despite these women’s deep ties to and labour on their farms, they could not maintain ownership of them.
Francis Casado
Authors: Berga Quelic
Published: November 2019

Francis Casado, el responsable comercial de dotopen, explica en esta entrevista como esta start-up lleva a cabo desde Barcelona el concurso itinerante de aplicaciones móviles más grande del mundo, que siguen cinco millones de personas cada mes en todos los continentes. AppCircus tiene la vocación de ayudar a impulsar el diálogo entre los desarrolladores de apps y la industria móvil.
Narrar el azar
Authors: Medina Pizarro Aurelio
Published: November 2019

Dentro de la asignatura de Narrativa interactiva, se proponía la elaboración del guión de un producto multimedia interactivo, a partir de las ideas, la historia y los personajes generados en el guión secuencial elaborado en las prácticas anteriores.
Guía para Myst Online Uru Live
Authors: Kramer Darko
Published: November 2019

Darko Kramer nos presenta una guía práctica del juego Myst Online Uru Live, la cual desarrolló a partir de un trabajo para Estética y Narrativa, asignatura del Máster de Multimedia de la UOC.
Fabien Girardin (English version)
Authors: González Paco
Published: November 2019

Fabien Girardin is a co-founder of the Near Future Laboratory a thinking, making, design, development and research practice speculating on the near future possibilities for digital worlds. He is active in the domains of user experience, data science and urban informatics.
Creadores mediáticos inspirados por un pintor decimonónico
Authors: Giménez Espinosa Sabrina
Published: November 2019

TFG dedicado a la investigación y presentación interactiva de la influencia pictórica de John William Waterhouse en la obra multimedia.
De la ciudad de bits a las nuevas tecnologías urbanas
Authors: González Paco
Published: November 2019

Puntos de acceso a una cartografía actual de las nuevas tecnologías urbanas. De Internet y navegar la ciudad de bits, a los artefactos de lo digital, las redes distribuidas de participación (y acción), y las infraestructuras de la red.
Ignasi Labastida
Authors: Minguillón Julià , Pérez Beatriz
Published: November 2019

Ignasi Labastida, máximo responsable de Creative Commons en España y Cataluña, nos habla sobre el proyecto CC: características, beneficios y futuro.
El acceso a la base de datos de WordPress desde nuestro Plugin
Authors: Casado Martínez Carlos
Published: November 2019

El profesor de nuestro Grado de Multimedia Carlos Casado nos presenta un manual sobre cómo hacer un plugin para WordPress y cómo visualizar la información de un blog realizado con dicho gestor de contenidos.
On the actuality entailment of Spanish root modals
Authors: Carrasco Angeles
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the actuality entailments of Spanish past perfective root modals. I wil sidewith those authors that maintain that the phenomenon is syntactic. Nevertheless, the emphasis will not beon scope differences between projections, but on the fact that the root modal periphrasis is an example ofrestructuring structure. More precisely, I will claim that root modal periphrases may be included amongthe constructions with a low level of restructuring. This point of view will take me to propose that theseperiphrastic structures give rise to a complex event which behaves as a non-homogeneous predicate withregard to temporal-aspectual meaning.
'Cadas cosas se leen' y 'cadas fantasma hay en la red': La 'pluralización' del cuantificador 'cada' en español actual
Authors: Pato Enrique
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo ofrece una primera descripción del comportamiento del cuantificador cadas –en relación a su forma estándar cada– cuando aparece antepuesto a un sustantivo plural, esto es, a partir de las propiedades formales del elemento que acompaña. Este fenómeno no había sido objeto de estudio previo y debe ponerse en relación con la serie de cuantificadores que presentan concordancia en español actual, ya sea “esperable” (bastantes pesados) ya sea una “falsa pluralización” (realmentes libre), con marcador adverbial -s. Asimismo, analiza los casos en que la marca de plural falta en el nombre que precede a cadas y su comportamiento en relación a los nombres silenciosos, siguiendo para ello el trabajo de Pereira (2018) sobre el portugués de Brasil. En español actual, cada manifiesta marca de plural (-s) en los dos casos mencionados: cadas cosas se leen y cadas fantasma hay en la red. Sin embargo, la propuesta de Pereira no es del todo aplicable a las variedades del español. En efecto, el análisis de los datos obtenidos en la red social Twitter permite ofrecer algunos aspectos de interés tanto a nivel descriptivo como teórico. Desde el punto de vista descriptivo, es posible caracterizar el cuantificador cadas y sus formas complejas (cadas cual, cadas quien, etc.) en relación al comportamiento de la forma estándar. Desde el punto de vista teórico, los datos del español presentan algunas restricciones a la propuesta sobre la pluralización de cada en la variedad del portugués de Brasil (cadas uno).
Variation in interrogative adverbials: 'cuán', 'qué tan', 'cómo de','lo que' and 'lo'+adj./adv.+'que'
Authors: Eddington David Ellingson
Published: November 2019

Cuán, qué tan, and cómo de are used to modify adverbs and adjectives in interrogatives. They are also used in embedded clauses along with lo que. Instances of these expressions were extracted from the Corpus del Español. In interrogatives, qué tan was the most frequent. The idea that cuán is archaic or limited to literary usage is not supported by these data. Cómo de is extremely infrequent except in Peninsular Spanish. In embedded clauses the frequency of these expressions appear in this order of frequency: lo que > qué tan > cuán > cómo de.

In an experiment speakers from Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela were shown 28 test sentences that contained different adverbial interrogatives. Their task was to choose the expression they preferred. These results correlate highly with the production data from the corpus. Choice of adverbial was moderated by gender and age as well.
On the interaction between modal and aspectual periphrases
Authors: Laca Brenda
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the semantics of combinations in which a modal verb is preceded by a progressive, an incremental or a habitual periphrasis. Two distinct readings in context, aspectualized VP and aspectualized modality readings, are found to correlate with the (not-)at- issue status of the modal according to Tonhauser's diagnostics. Implicative readings (a generalization of the more restrictive notion of actuality entailments) emerge obligatorily in aspectualized VP readings, but are also present in some aspectualized modality readings. Aspectualized modality readings provide evidence for the claim that modalized event descriptions are stative.
Den føyelige pedagogen – kartlegging som disiplinering av pedagogisk praksis
Authors: Essahli Vik Nassira
Published: November 2019

I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hvordan språkkartlegging av flerspråklige barn påvirker pedagogen og den pedagogiske praksisen. Empirien i artikkelen bygger på observasjoner av kartleggingssekvenser og intervju med pedagoger. I analysen tar jeg utgangspunkt i det som ofte går under betegnelsen den norske barnehagemodellen, og begreper fra diskursteori og kritisk diskursanalyse. Analysen av det empiriske materialet viser at pedagogenes holdninger er forankret i diskursen om den norske barnehagemodellen. Samtidig er de positive til kartlegging. Samspillet under kartleggingen er preget av lite dialog i flere av observasjonene, og pedagogene ser ut til å sette sitt faglige skjønn til side. Det er imidlertid stor forskjell på kartleggingsverktøyene. Det empiriske materialet viser også eksempler på en mindre rigid kartleggingspraksis der barnet og pedagogen får større handlingsrom.Nøkkelord: disiplinering, diskurs, flerspråklige barn, språkkartlegging
The Indigenous Cultural Ways of Diagnosis in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Ababio Stephen , Kquofi Steve , Asante Eric Appau
Published: November 2019

The primary aim of this study is to make the indigenous cultural ways of identifying diseases known in order to promote and remove the mystery and superstition associated to them. Due to the nature of the study, the purposive sampling technique was largely employed. Interviews and observations were the main data collecting instruments used. The four study areas which are Bongari Shrine at Adumakasekese, Asuo Abresua Shrine of Ahwirewam, Bokankye Akua Gyabon Shrine (currently situated at Mankranso Peposo), and Apomasu Kwao Shrine of Ntensere were purposively selected. The study revealed that the traditional healers use items ranging from natural to artificial such as eggs, talismans, cowries, money and other objects to diagnose various diseases. In diagnosing of diseases, the traditional healers take a holistic approach which are the social, natural, spiritual and the cosmic environment which are not in the case of the orthodox medication. It is therefore important for government and stakeholders to give recognition to these diviners and spiritual healers by putting up nice buildings (clinics and hospitals) and providing them the necessary needs like what they have been doing for the orthodox health centres and if possible integrate the traditional medication into the orthodox ones.
The history of the Auldjo Jug 1830–60 – a review and critique
Authors: Heafford Michael
Published: November 2019

The so-called ‘Auldjo Jug’ is one of the important artefacts from Pompeii in the British Museum. The lower part and the upper part of the cameo glass jug came to the Museum from two British owners as a result of a purchase and a bequest. Exactly how the parts came into the possession of the seller (Dr Hogg) and the bequeather (Miss Auldjo) has not been clearly established. Current theory proposes that the two British owners received the jug pieces from two different sources at different times, but does not explain convincingly how, when and why the two British owners might have come into possession of the jug pieces. In this paper, an alternative theory is proposed: that Sir Walter Scott, when he visited in Naples in 1832, was presented with all the excavated pieces, and that he then, on his departure, divided the fragments and passed them on to two people in Naples with whom he was closely acquainted.
Six O’Clock in Princes Street
Authors: McLennan Neil
Published: November 2019

The First World War poet, 2nd Lieutenant Wilfred Owen, is remembered for his powerful testimony of war via his anti-war poetry. However, there has been limited focused investigation of Owen’s four months in Edinburgh between 26 June 1917 and 3/4 November 1917 and the impact of that period. Owen was in Edinburgh convalescing from ‘shell-shock’ at Craiglockhart War Hospital; his doctor called it ‘re-education’.1 Fresh research and analysis has been able to confirm the Scottish inspiration of a number of aspects of Owen’s poetry: from Owen’s first visit to Scotland, holidaying in 1912, and his four-month stay in Edinburgh in the latter half of 1917. During late 1917 Owen was able to craft some of the most poignant war poetry of the century, if not all time. That writing was made possible by the Edinburgh environment and important meetings in the social circles he benefited from in the city. It was facilitated by innovative ‘work’ cures, or ergotherapy, being implemented at Craiglockhart by Edinburgh-based physician Dr Arthur John Brock. Brock had been inspired in his medical thinking by Professor Sir Patrick Geddes. Geddes would evolve sociologist Le Play’s Lieu, Travail et Famille heuristic method and propose three themes as determinants of society: Place, Work and Folk. Geddes’ sociological survey model provides useful lenses for a more in-depth consideration of the socio-cultural impact of Edinburgh and its people on Owen and his writing.
‘The Spearhead of the Pennon …’
Authors: Knight Matthew G , Cowie Trevor G
Published: November 2019

In 1999, the late Professor Charles Thomas donated a Middle Bronze Age spearhead to the National Museum collection. This spearhead came with a label indicating that it was part of the pennant taken into the Battle of Flodden by Robert Chisholme in 1513. This paper investigates the likelihood that such a claimed association could have any basis in truth, as well as briefly contributing some thoughts on the discovery of already ancient objects in the past.
A Pictish ‘serpent’ incised slab from Jarlshof, Shetland
Authors: Graham-Campbell James , Henderson Isabel , Ritchie Anna , Scott Ian G
Published: November 2019

The identification and dating of a supposed Norse grave slab of 10th-/11th-century date from Jarlshof, Shetland, consisting of two decorated fragments picked up on the beach beside this multi-period settlement site in the 1930s, are rejected by the authors of this paper in favour of a Pictish attribution, a late 6th- or early 7th-century date, and a probable architectural function. On the basis of a detailed examination of the two fragments of the so-called 'Jarlshof Serpent' (front and back), alternative reconstructions of the incised motifs are considered, leading to the conclusion that they probably represent a hybrid in the form of a horse-headed serpentine creature with the body conventionally decorated in the manner of the Pictish salmon symbol. The use of such hybrid symbols by the Picts, as well as the growing evidence for their erection of symbol stones in association with structures, are discussed. The paper ends with a brief consideration of the implications of this reattribution for the traditional 'minimalist' interpretation of the Pictish settlement-phase at Jarlshof.
Voltage‐Dependent Multicolor Electroluminescent Device Based on Halide Perovskite and Chalcogenide Quantum‐Dots Emitters
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Ren Beitao , Deng Sunbin , Huang Jincheng , Jiang Le , Zhou Dingjian , Zhang Xulin , Zhang Meng , Chen Rongsheng , Yeung Fion , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Xu Ping , Li Guijun
Published: November 2019

Electroluminescent devices based on metal halide perovskites have attracted extensive attention owing to their high external quantum efficiency, excellent color purity, and inexpensive solution process. So far, extensive efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of the monochromatic perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, multicolor perovskite‐based LEDs are seldom studied. Here, an individual device capable of multicolor emission in response to the passage of external electric bias is demonstrated. With the rational design of the energy band alignment and control of the carrier transport property, color‐tunable electroluminescent devices based on inorganic halide perovskite and chalcogenide quantum‐dots are fabricated with a wide color tuning range, high color reversibility, and ultrafast color switching. The mechanism of chromaticity tuning is investigated and is explained by the shift of the exciton recombination zone with the driving voltage. The presented work will impact scientific communities by encouraging the manufacture of cost‐effective, high‐resolution, and full‐color displays and human‐centric lighting.
Unveiling Nickel Chemistry in Stabilizing High‐Voltage Cobalt‐Rich Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yoon Moonsu , Dong Yanhao , Yoo Youngbin , Myeong Seungjun , Hwang Jaeseong , Kim Junhyeok , Choi Seong‐Hyeon , Sung Jaekyung , Kang Seok Ju , Li Ju , Cho Jaephil
Published: November 2019

A practical solution is presented to increase the stability of 4.45 V LiCoO2 via high‐temperature Ni doping, without adding any extra synthesis step or cost. How a putative uniform bulk doping with highly soluble elements can profoundly modify the surface chemistry and structural stability is identified from systematic chemical and microstructural analyses. This modification has an electronic origin, where surface‐oxygen‐loss induced Co reduction that favors the tetrahedral site and causes damaging spinel phase formation is replaced by Ni reduction that favors octahedral site and creates a better cation‐mixed structure. The findings of this study point to previously unspecified surface effects on the electrochemical performance of battery electrode materials hidden behind an extensively practiced bulk doping strategy. The new understanding of complex surface chemistry is expected to help develop higher‐energy‐density cathode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Biomaterials as Tools to Decode Immunity
Authors: Eppler Haleigh B. , Jewell Christopher M.
Published: November 2019

The immune system has remarkable capabilities to combat disease with exquisite selectivity. This feature has enabled vaccines that provide protection for decades and, more recently, advances in immunotherapies that can cure some cancers. Greater control over how immune signals are presented, delivered, and processed will help drive even more powerful options that are also safe. Such advances will be underpinned by new tools that probe how immune signals are integrated by immune cells and tissues. Biomaterials are valuable resources to support this goal, offering robust, tunable properties. The growing role of biomaterials as tools to dissect immune function in fundamental and translational contexts is highlighted. These technologies can serve as tools to understand the immune system across molecular, cellular, and tissue length scales. A common theme is exploiting biomaterial features to rationally direct how specific immune cells or organs encounter a signal. This precision strategy, enabled by distinct material properties, allows isolation of immunological parameters or processes in a way that is challenging with conventional approaches. The utility of these capabilities is demonstrated through examples in vaccines for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy, as well as settings of immune regulation that include autoimmunity and transplantation.
Acetylene and Diacetylene Functionalized Covalent Triazine Frameworks as Metal‐Free Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Production: A New Two‐Electron Water Oxidation Pathway
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Lei , Wan Yangyang , Zhang Ying , Qi Zeming , Wu Xiaojun , Xu Hangxun
Published: November 2019

Metal‐free polymer photocatalysts have shown great promise for photocatalytic H2O2 production via two‐electron reduction of molecular O2. The other half‐reaction, which is the two‐electron oxidation of water, still remains elusive toward H2O2 production. However, enabling this water oxidation pathway is critically important to improve the yield and maximize atom utilization efficiency. It is shown that introducing acetylene (CC) or diacetylene (CCCC) moieties into covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) can remarkably promote photocatalytic H2O2 production. This enhancement is inherent to the incorporated carbon–carbon triple bonds which are essential in modulating the electronic structures of CTFs and suppressing charge recombinations. Furthermore, the acetylene and diacetylene moieties can significantly reduce the energy associated with OH* formation and thus enable a new two‐electron oxidation pathway toward H2O2 production. The study unveils an important reaction pathway toward photocatalytic H2O2 production, reflecting that precise control over the chemical structures of polymer photocatalysts is vital to achieve efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion.
Atomic Spatial and Temporal Imaging of Local Structures and Light Elements inside Zeolite Frameworks
Authors: Shen Boyuan , Chen Xiao , Cai Dali , Xiong Hao , Liu Xin , Meng Changgong , Han Yu , Wei Fei
Published: November 2019

Identifying the atomic structures of porous materials in spatial and temporal dimensions by (scanning) transmission electron microscope ((S)TEM) is significant for their wide applications in catalysis, separation and energy storage. However, the sensitivity of materials to electron beams made it difficult to reduce the electron damage to specimens while maintaining the resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio. It is therefore still challenging to capture multiple images of the same area in one crystal to image the temporal changes of lattices. Usings integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM, atomic‐resolution imaging of beam‐sensitive zeolite frameworks is achieved with an ultralow dose of 40 e− Å−2, 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional STEM. Based on the iDPC technique, not only the atomic 3D architecture of ZSM‐5 crystals but also the changes of frameworks are observed during in situ experiments. Local structures and light‐element aromatics in ZSM‐5 crystals can also be revealed directly under iDPC‐STEM. These results provided not only an efficient tool to image beam‐sensitive materials with ultralow beam current but also a new strategy to observe and investigate the hydrocarbon pools in zeolite catalysts at the single‐molecule scale.
Asymmetric cost and benefit perceptions in willingness‐to‐donate decisions
Authors: Rubaltelli Enrico , Hysenbelli Dorina , Dickert Stephan , Mayorga Marcus , Slovic Paul
Published: November 2019

Charitable giving entails the act of foregoing personal resources in order to improve the conditions of other people. In the present paper, we systematically examine two dimensions integral to donation decisions that have thus far received relatively little attention but can explain charitable behavior rather well: the perceptions of cost for the donor and benefit for the recipients. In line with current theories in judgment and decision making, we hypothesize that people weigh these dimensions subjectively and perceive them asymmetrically, consistent with prospect theory. Costs for the donor are typically perceived as losses, whereas benefits for recipients are perceived as gains. In four studies, we presented several scenarios to participants in which both donation amounts (costs) and number of lives helped (benefits) were manipulated while keeping the ratio of costs and benefits constant. Results from Studies 1 and 2 showed that willingness to help decreased as donation amounts and number of lives helped increased. Additionally, Studies 3 and 4 provide evidence for a solution to reduce the asymmetry and increase donation amounts as the number of lives at risk increases.
Herausforderungen einer gleichförmigen Herstellung von Fahrbahnbetonen und Möglichkeiten einer rheologiegestützten Mischprozessführung
Authors: Garrecht Harald , Baumert Christian , Hampel Simon , Lisin Wladimir , Lazik Piotr
Published: November 2019

Die deutsche Bundesfernstraßeninfrastruktur umfasst rund 13 000 km Bundesautobahnen und 39 000 km Bundesstraßen. Große Teile des Straßenbestands erfordern die gänzliche Erneuerung. Bei Bundesautobahnen kommt zunehmend die Betonbauweise zum Einsatz. Entsprechend widmet sich der Beitrag einem Teilaspekt des vom Ministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur geförderten Verbundforschungsvorhabens „Betonfahrbahn 4.0“ [1], der prozesssicheren Herstellung von Fahrbahnbetonen. Hierin haben Verbundpartner aus der Bau‐ und Baustoffmaschinen herstellenden Industrie, der Bauwirtschaft sowie zweier universitärer Forschungsinstitute das gemeinsame Ziel, innovative Maßnahmen und Komponenten, die zur Verbesserung von Teilprozessen der Betonfahrbahnherstellung dienen, zu entwickeln und zu implementieren, um die Bündelung aller Verbesserungsmaßnahmen in der praktischen Umsetzung zu erproben. Das Vorhaben wird fachlich von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen und verwaltungstechnisch vom TÜV Rheinland begleitet.

Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die zielsichere Herstellung von Fahrbahnbetonen. Es wird ein neuartiger Ansatz vorgestellt, mit dem sich die hohen Konsistenzvorgaben für den Einbau des Frischbetons mit dem Gleitschalungsfertiger einhalten lassen. Das Verbundforschungsvorhaben bietet dem IWB, dem Otto‐Graf‐Institut und damit der MPA Universität Stuttgart Anknüpfungen an die Forschungsaktivitäten von Prof. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. mult. Otto Maximilian Graf zum Betonstraßenbau, der bereits in den 1920er‐Jahren zu den Fragen der Verwendung von Beton‐ und Eisenbeton im Straßenbau geforscht hat [2]. Auch Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Prof. h.c. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. Hans‐Wolf Reinhardt, der das IWB und das Otto‐Graf‐Institut von 1990 bis 2006 leitete, widmet sich in seinen Forschungen diversen Problemstellungen der Betonbauweise im Fahrbahnbau [3]. Ihm zu Ehren sollen im Folgenden die Potenziale eines an die Rohstoffsituation angepassten „Mix‐Designs“ und einer darauf abgestimmten rheologiegestützten Mischprozessführung aufgezeigt werden.
Luminescence investigation of a cerium‐doped yttrium vanadate phosphor
Authors: Rajendra H.J. , Pandurangappa C.
Published: November 2019

Cerium (Ce3+)‐doped (1, 3, and 7 mol%) yttrium vanadate phosphors were prepared using a co‐precipitation technique. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized samples were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), optical absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. The tetragonal structure and the formation of the nanosized crystallites in the YVO4:Ce phosphor were confirmed using XRD analysis. HR‐TEM morphology showed rod‐like nanoparticles of different sizes. Optical absorption spectra demonstrated strong absorption bands at 268 and 276 nm. PL spectra showed strong peaks at 546, 574, and 691 nm following excitation at 300 nm. The calculated CIE chromaticity coordinates demonstrated that YVO4:Ce could be used as a novel phosphor for the development of light‐emitting diode lamps.