bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHOSPHATE REMOVAL ON BIOCHAR
Authors: Popescu Mihaela Alexandra , Sirbu Elena-Emilia , Calin Catalina , Popa Cristina , Enascuta Cristina Emanuela
Published: December 2024

Biochar can be used as an alternative and efficient adsorbent for organic and inorganic pollutants. Therefore, based on previous study in which, a biochar loaded with mixed metal oxides of iron, tin or titanium catalysts results as a by-product of levulinic esters synthesis from biomass carbohydrates, this paper aim was to test this residue as biochar for the retention of phosphate from water samples. The obtained adsorbents based on Fe2O3-SnO2 and Fe2O3-La2O3-TiO2 were characterized by FT-IR and TGA analyses. The effects of adsorbent dosage, initial concentrations of phosphate, and adsorption time were investigated. The results showed that each synthetized adsorbent was able to remove phosphate from aqueous samples with efficiency above 80%. The experimental data obtained were used to estimate the equilibrium adsorption capacity for the two adsorbents applying three machine learning methods. The results obtained were in good agreement with the experimental data indicating that Support Vector Machine has a good potential in the prediction of B-Fe2O3-SnO2 and artificial neural network model is the best for Fe2O3-La2O3-TiO2 to predict adsorption capacity..
REDUCING CEMENT INDUSTRY EMISSIONS: SYNTHETIC GAS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE AND GREEN HYDROGEN
Authors: Bolonio David , Amez Isabel , Castells Blanca , Leon David , Franco Garcia
Published: December 2024

The actual climate crisis is forcing the development of new energy sources that mitigate the negative effects of the climate change. Because of that, the use of fossil fuels is expected to be significantly reduced in the coming decades. In this scenario, the production of renewable fuels that reduce the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is one of the main world challenges. The present study focuses on synthetic gas production using carbon dioxide from the cement industry, and green hydrogen, simulating the process using Aspen to address the technical and economic viability of the synthetic gas production. Advanced techniques such as the calcium looping and oxycombustion were used to efficiently capture CO2 and generate a renewable fuel with a reduced carbon footprint. Moreover, the integration into the existing infrastructure in Spain optimizes the operational efficiency of the project. A detailed technical-economic analysis was carried out to evaluate the feasibility and associated costs, as well as a sustainability analysis that includes all the production steps from the CO2 capture to the use of synthetic gas, with the aim of quantifying the reductions in GHG. The versatility and adaptability of this research allows adjustments according to market demand and external conditions. Because of that, this research is expected to contribute significantly to sustainable development by providing an innovative solution for carbon capture and clean energy generation.
SAWDUST LIQUIEFACTION OVER SCHUNGITE-BASED CATALYST
Authors: Stepacheva Antonina , Markova Mariia , Manaenkov Oleg , Shimanskaya Elena , Matveeva Valentina
Published: December 2024

The deep processing of lignocellulose feedstock (including waste from the woodworking industry, agriculture, and agro-industry) allowing the high-added value products to be obtained is one of the key scientific problems. Lignocellulose biomass is a potential feedstock for the production of heat, electricity, fuel, chemicals, and other bioderived products. The liquefaction is considered to be one of the most promising ways to convert lignocellulose biomass into liquid fuels. During the liquefaction, lignocellulose biomass can be efficiently converted into important base compounds, such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid and its esters, ?-pentylactone, alkyl glycosides, and phenols. The search of effective catalysts for liquefaction is the main task for the development of the technology for obtaining liquid fuels from biomass.
In this work, the liquefaction of the wood waste in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. The novel Ni-containing catalyst supported on the natural carbonaceous material was used in this work. The influence of the reaction parameters on the biomass conversion, and product yield was estimated. The effect of the solvent, reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, and preliminary treatment of biomass was analysed. It was shown that the developed catalyst allows the feedstock conversion to be about 90 wt. % for the non-hydrolysed sawdust. The preliminary hydrolysis of the feedstock increased the conversion up to 95 wt. %. The composition of the liquid products were presented by the products of the hydrolysis of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, as well as the polyols, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, aromatics, and cyclic compounds.
AIR CONVERSION OF PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS INTO SYNTHESIS GAS (H2+CO) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY USING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Authors: Shcheklein Sergey , Dubinin Alexe� , Matveev Andrey , Filippenkov Vyacheslav
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a medium-temperature modular pyrolysis plant generating electricity from syngas (SG) produced by air conversion of pyrolysis liquid and fed into the electrochemical generator (ECG) battery. Electric output of the plant and district water heater is 100 kW and 126 kW, respectively. The main power characteristics of the plant are determined by physicochemical modeling and energy budgeting methods. Specific consumption of pyrolysis liquid to produce electricity and heat is shown as 108 g/kW�h (169 gsf/(kW�h)) and 30 kg/GJ (197 kgsf/Gcal), respectively. Fuel utilization factor is 46.4%.
Specific consumption of natural and standard fuels with this plant is slightly higher than that of the power plants running on hydrocarbon natural fuels yet, at the same time, far below that of standalone diesel-electric plants. The paper provides recommendations on how to use pyrolysis liquid to generate electrical and thermal energy using a SOFC-based high-temperature fuel cell.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF BLEACHING EARTHS FOR PARAFFIN REFINING ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TERRA TRADE COMPANY
Authors: Udaliszczew Jan
Published: December 2024

Modern industrial production of paraffin and other hydrocarbon-based products, such as mineral oils or waxes, is extremely closely related to the process of raw material purification. One of the key stages of this process is paraffin filtration, which aims to remove impurities and undesirable substances that may affect the quality and properties of the final product. Filter earth plays an irreplaceable role in the paraffin filtration process. The paper presents the main aspects related to soil for paraffin filtration, including its physical and chemical properties, production processes and use in industry. The aim of the work is to analyse the effectiveness of types of filter soil in terms of the quality of the finished raw material and to present other methods of paraffin purification. This work provides a comprehensive look at paraffin filtration soil and provides the necessary knowledge to understand its key role in the production process.
THE EFFECT OF THE AMOUNT OF BINDER ON THE PROPERTIES OF BRIQUETTES PREPARED FROM FOUNDRY DUST
Authors: Pribulova Alena , Futas Peter , Fedorko Patrik , Mihalikova Maria , Mihalikova Maria
Published: December 2024

Briquetting is the pressing of dusty materials into pieces of the same shape and size. Briquetting can be done without a binder or with the addition of a binder to the briquetting mixture. Briquettes can have any shape, but the most common is the shape of a cylinder. The briquettes must be strong enough to eliminate the possibility of damage during transport and must be strong enough even at high temperatures. The briquettes have a regular shape, have the same weight, are more durable and easier to transport. They are ecologically safe and it is possible to use carbon filling in briquettes to activate the process in metallurgical furnaces. Among the most important properties of briquettes are compressive strength and resistance to abrasion when falling. The briquettes were prepared from 4 types of dust from different parts of the foundry process. Dust from blasting castings cast into bentonite molding compounds was used. It is the dust caught in the catch box under the cyclone of the separator (B). The second dust (Bmp) was separated magnetic component of dust B. Dust (GF) captured in the collection reservoirs from the filter devices from the pendulum grinders. Dust (BF) from blasting castings cast in furan mixtures. Dust (G/Bmp) was a mixture of dust G and Bmp in a 2:1 ratio, and dust (G/BF) was a mixture of dusts G + BF in a 2:1 mass ratio. Bentonite and molasses were used as binders. The best properties were obtained from briquettes prepared from dust from grinding castings (G) and from a mixture of dust from grinding castings with dust from blasting castings cast into furan molds (G/BF)
THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF WOOD WASTE. THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Stepacheva Antonina , Lugovoy Yury , Molchanov Vladimir , Kosivtsov Yury , Sulman Mikhail
Published: December 2024

Wood processing is a prospective way to minimize the waste of forestry and woodworking industries. Nowadays, different methods are used for wood waste processing: combustion, pyrolysis, liquefaction, torrefaction, carbonization, etc. These methods are applied for the obtaining of valuable chemicals, combustible gases, and biochar. Despite the thermochemical methods (pyrolysis, carbonization, torrefaction) being considered to be the most efficient methods for waste utilization, systematic studies are required for the proper technology development. Thermogravimetric analysis is one of the major methods used to study the thermal decomposition of biomass. The thermogravimetric data collection for the different types of biomass waste is an important task. It is known that the rates, mechanisms as well as product yields of biomass thermal decomposition strongly depend on the type of feedstock, the vegetation area and conditions, and on the part of the plants.
In this work, the thermal decomposition of wood waste was studied in a temperature range of 25-1000 �C by a thermogravimetric analysis. For types of wood waste were studied: pine and birch sawdust, and pine and birch bark.
AIRBORN MICROORGANISMS IN HOT POINT AND GREEN AREAS AT DIFEERENT HIGHT OF GROUND AIR
Authors: Peshev Asen , Grigorova-Pesheva Bilyana , Kadinov Georgi
Published: December 2024

Air pollution is a major problem related to human health and the protection and quality of the environment. Increasingly emphasis is placed on the problems associated with fine dust particles, without paying enough attention to the potential problems associated with the increase of microorganisms in the ground air layer. The present pilot study aims to establish the dynamics in the number of microorganisms at different height in the ground air. Six hot spots and six green zones were analyzed at a distance from the earth's surface - 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m, respectively. An �open air� method was used. Samples were taken simultaneously at all points. Basic meteorological parameters were recorded - air temperature, air humidity, wind direction and speed, solar radiation. The amounts of bacteria, microscopic fungi and actinomycetes were recorded. The total microbial number for each of the points per 1 cubic meter of air was calculated. The data show a different scatter of the total number of microorganisms depending on the height. The number of airborne microorganisms is higher in hot spots. Certain differences in the dominant microbial groups were reported depending on the altitude and area considered. The data suggest a direct link, with increased levels of the airborne microbial community and vehicular traffic intensity in hotspots.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SNOW SAMPLES COLLECTED AT VARIOUS DISTANCES FROM ROAD SECTIONS: CASE STUDY JELGAVA
Authors: Valujeva Kristine , Pilecka-Ulcugaceva Jovita , Liepa Sindija , Purmalis Oskars , Grinfelde Inga
Published: December 2024

The increasing flow of traffic passing through cities on a daily basis, especially those cities that have a difficult situation with bypass, raises concerns about the air quality in sections of the transport corridors, as well as in the city as a whole. Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental concern, especially in urban and suburban areas where vehicle emissions contribute to air and soil pollution. The aim of the study is to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in snow samples collected at different distances from roads in different areas of the city. Snow samples were collected from different distances (1 m; 50 m, 100 m) from the roadway to analyze the spatial distribution of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn). Heavy metal concentrations were measured using the analytical method - inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The results revealed different levels of heavy metal pollution, with higher concentrations observed closer to the roadway compared to further away from the roadway. The maximum concentrations of chromium (15.4 ?g/l), copper (63.6 ?g/l), lead (19.5 ?g/l) and zinc (419.2 ?g/l) were observed at a distance of 1 m from the roadway. This spatial analysis provides valuable insight into the impact of vehicle emissions on heavy metal pollution and highlights the importance of mitigation measures to improve air quality and reduce environmental risks in urban environments.
CHALLENGES AND RISKS FOR ROMANIAN FARMERS
Authors: Dumitrescu Carmen Simona , Toader Cosmina Simona , Salasan Cosmin
Published: December 2024

Despite other sectors, agriculture faces the direct influences of the environment and climate. Today climate change represents a challenge for farmers around the world, not only for Romanian ones. The paper deals with this problem and agriculture resilience. It brings to attention the important issue of resilience and the challenges for agriculture and for farmers, especially for small farmers. The research is based on questionnaires applied to farmers focusing on their perception of risks, adaptation options and barriers. There were used qualitative risk analysis tools as risk management matrix and Venn Diagram to underline the farmers perception. In our analysis, we also considered coupling the risks with the supporting measures applied at national level. In the paper we analyzed each risk item related to agriculture starting from irrigation and going till agroecology. The farmers have prioritized the risks, the main risk being the ones related to water and agroecology, and they appreciated the interconnections between some of them.
FACTORS AFFECTING INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN KINDERGARTEN
Authors: Badurova Andrea , Stiborova Petra , kotnicov Iveta
Published: December 2024

This article deals with the issue of the indoor environment in terms of optimal conditions of thermal comfort and the satisfactory quality of indoor air. A weekly measurement of the parameters of the indoor environment was carried out in the building of the day rehabilitation centre in order to verify the state of the indoor environment, to determine the processes that create the indoor environment and to define the factors that affect the resulting state of the indoor microclimate. One of the important factors is air quality, where the main factor that influences the indoor environment is the concentration of carbon dioxide, whose value affects the biological functions of the human organism. The analysis of the measured parameters found that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the monitored indoor space is not, as expected, the riskiest factor that may be the cause of dissatisfaction with the indoor microclimate.
VARIATION OF CRITICAL VELOCITY OF DOWNWARD VENTILATION IN INCLINED ROAD TUNNELS
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Ratiani Nino , Khokerashvili Zaza , Arudashvili Nino
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the pattern of variation of critical velocity during longitudinal downward ventilation in an inclined road tunnel with its slope varying within 0-8 degrees. The results of both full-scale numerical modelling and laboratory experiments for a 1:10 scale tunnel models are presented. The effect of fire on the critical velocity and gradient factor was studied on the models. During the numerical modelling, the seat of fire, fans and tunnel portals were modelled with 0.1*0.1*0.1 m cells, while the cell sizes in the other areas were 0.5*0.5*0.5 m. Observations on the physical model, made of 2 mm thick stainless-steel sheets, were carried out considering the Froude number. The surface area of the source fire was 130X50 mm and 340X60 mm. Natural gas and air flow rates were measured with an accuracy of 1%. The heat release index was calculated based on air consumption. The ratio of tunnel width to tunnel height varied between 1.33 and 2 on the physical models. The results obtained show that the characteristic gradient factor of the critical velocity varies linearly with the tunnel slope to 6 %, and its numerical value depends on the heat release rate. The numerical simulation results show that after algebraically adding the ventilation and fire-induced drafts, the fire-induced draft becomes dominant when the tunnel slope exceeds 3% and the fire power exceeds 30 MW. In laboratory experiments, a similar effect was not observed due to the insufficient strength of the model fire.
CONTEMPORARY MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE RIVER CHOROKHI DELTA ON THE BLACK SEA EAST COAST
Authors: Gelovani Irakli , Lominadze George , Kavlashvili George , Russo Grigori
Published: December 2024

The River Chorokhi delta is located in the southeastern part of the Black Sea, including Batumi city with its coastal part, which today is heavily washed away. Until the 90s of the 20th century, its litho- and morphodynamic peculiarities were mainly conditioned by the solid runoff of the Chorokhi River. Before the construction of dams in Turkey, its volume was 2.5 million m?/per year. In the last 25 years, due to the dams built in Turkey, solid runoff has been catastrophically reduced by 60 times. Also important was the river-sea mouth migration. In the last century, as a result of the construction of a spur on the Batumi cape and the stopping of the alongshore sediment transport, the beach sediment was accumulating in both the above-water and underwater parts of the shore. As a result of upper limit accumulation of material, it is periodically deposited at great depths of the adjacent submarine canyon. There was clearly marked the trend of constant retreat with different rates of entire coastal part of the Chorokhi River delta, towards the land.
It is necessary to remove the excess material accumulated near the Batumi Cape and artificially deposit it in other damaged areas as necessary so that the deep submergence of the distal part of the cape provoked by the 1999 earthquake in this area does not happen again. In modern city-building and agricultural activities, the peculiarities of local morphodynamics are often not taken into account. All this, against the background of the rise of the world ocean level, poses a serious threat to the coastal environment. In the conditions of the extreme shortage of solid runoff of the Chorokhi River, in order to preserve the coast, it is necessary to develop methods appropriate to the existing situation.
CORRELATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA (NDVI) WITH GROUND MEASURED DATA
Authors: Nikolov Asen , Koutev Vesselin , Nitcheva Olga , Shopova Donka , Dobreva Polya
Published: December 2024

The overall objective of using Normalized Digital Vegetation Index � NDVI is to improve the analysis of vegetation information with remote sensing data. Such estimates are often derived by correlating the NDVI values measured remotely with the ground measured values of some variables.
In the conditions of the experiment carried out with zucchini the NDVI index was measured with a Trimble Green Seeker handheld sensor at the full growth. Applied fertilizers contain various nitrogen and phosphorus sources, including ammonium and nitrate, phosphates, and polyphosphates.
The highest NDVI value (0.802) was obtained with ammonium nitrate from nitrogen treatments without phosphorus fertilization. The nitrogen source fertilizer with the highest NDVI on a polyphosphate background was KSC - 0.800. The same fertilizer performed best in an orthophosphate background, with an NDVI of 0.815. Best NDVI values were obtained on orthophosphate background. Obtained results are statistically proven. Stronger correlation coefficient exists between NDVI and Zucchini yield � 0.72.
The overall goal of using Normalized Digital Vegetation Index � NDVI to improve the analysis of vegetation information with remote sensing data is successful.
DEVELOPMENT OF AGROECOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Voronkova Valentyna , Oleksenko Roman , Nikitenko Vitalina , Pyurko Vladyslav , Pyurko Olga
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to develop a concept of agroecology development in the context of global risks and opportunities. Research methodology. Using the methods of system analysis, impact modelling and economic assessment of the environment, the ways of implementing agroecological methods, in particular, environmental, economic and socio-cultural impact, are considered. Research results. 1. An analysis of agroecology as an interaction between agricultural production and the natural environment with the aim of creating sustainable and efficient agroecosystems is presented. 2. The concept of agroecology as a resource base for agricultural production and reduction of the ecological footprint in the context of global risks and opportunities is formed. The scientific novelty of the study is that it analyses the functions of agroecology as an interaction between agricultural production and the natural environment, identifies advantages and disadvantages, opportunities for sustainable development and minimisation of negative environmental impact; considers elements of the social content of the concept of agroecology. These concepts, scientists and trends are combined to create an integrated approach to agriculture that not only ensures the production of products, but also preserves the natural environment, promotes social justice and ensures the sustainability of agroecosystems. The practical significance of the study is that it aims to identify key challenges and opportunities for the further development of agroecology in the context of global environmental security and sustainable agricultural production. The implementation of these concepts can help to address the challenges associated with the destruction of biodiversity, soil degradation and water pollution in modern agriculture.
EFFECT OF FREEZING ON THE STATOBLAST OF THE INVASIVE BRYOZOAN PECTINATELLA MAGNIFICA
Authors: Moravcova Vendula , Moravcova Jana , Bystricky Vaclav , Polensky Jakob
Published: December 2024

Statoblasts are dormant, asexual propagules critical for the survival and dispersal of bryozoans, such as Pectinatella magnifica. Understanding the resilience of statoblasts to environmental stresses is crucial for predicting the response of bryozoan populations to changing conditions. This study investigates the effect of freezing on the viability of statoblasts from P. magnifica. Statoblasts were collected from Pectinatella magnifica colonies in the Protected Landscape area and Biospheric Reservation Trebonsko. Molecular analyses were used to assess the freezing effect on the statoblasts, especially analyses of the amount and quality of extracted DNA. Statoblasts were subjected to varying degrees of freezing temperatures and durations to simulate natural and extreme conditions. Preliminary findings suggest that freezing significantly affects statoblast viability and germination potential, with survival rates varying depending on the intensity and duration of freezing.
Furthermore, differential responses among statoblast populations from diverse habitats highlight potential adaptations to local environmental conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of bryozoan life history strategies and their resilience to environmental stressors, providing insights into the ecological dynamics of freshwater ecosystems. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying statoblast responses to freezing and their implications for bryozoan population dynamics in changing environments.
PARTICIPATION OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL IN UKRAINE
Authors: Mykhailov Volodymyr , Isakova Olena , Polyakova Larysa , Pachev Sergiy , Shkoda Natalia
Published: December 2024

Ukraine actively participated in the implementation of the provisions of the European Green Deal (EGD), seeking to build a "green" economy and a prosperous society. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms and directions of activities of public associations in the implementation of the provisions of the EGD in Ukraine. Influential public organizations involved in the implementation of the European Green Deal are the Center for Environmental Initiatives "Ekodiya" (Kyiv), "Ekoclub" (Rivne), "Ecology. Right. Human", Information Center "Green Dossier", Ukrainian Climate Network, etc. To implement the provisions of the EGD, public associations acted in the following directions: increasing the EU's climate ambition for 2030 and 2050; supplying clean, affordable, and secure energy; mobilizing industry for a clean and circular economy; building and renovating an energy and resource-efficient way; accelerating the shift to sustainable and smart mobility; from "Farm to Fork": designing a fair, healthy and environmentally friendly food system; preserving and restoring ecosystems and biodiversity; a zero pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment. The work uses some general scientific (logical) and special interdisciplinary research methods. Among the general scientific methods used are: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction. Special interdisciplinary methods used in history, political science, and sociology are presented: institutional, systemic, and content analysis methods.
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT OF THE RIVERS FLOWING THROUGH BULGARIAN CITIES. A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Kovacheva Antonina , Rabadjieva Diana , Ilieva Radost , Gergulova Rumiana
Published: December 2024

This research compares the water quality in four river bodies passing through different cities in Bulgaria. An eco-chemical approach was applied including physicochemical and analytical measurements, as well as calculation of different pollution indices and the distribution of the element species as an indicator of their bioavailability. The results from analytical measurements and calculated pollution indices show that all the studied water bodies were polluted regarding P-PO43?, N-NH4+, Mn, and Pb. The highest values were measured in the Struma River, which is the result of both natural origin, due to the presence of coal mines, and the unsustainable management of mining and metallurgy activities in the past. The second most polluted is the Iskar River near Sofia city, mainly a consequence of the increased population in recent years. Thermodynamically calculated species of trace metals show that free Mn2+ ions dominate in all rivers being highest in Struma river. They are dangerous for aquatic fauna as free metal ions easily interact with ligands of organic compounds found in the bloodstream and/or within organs. Free ions are also calculated for Zn, but it is less dangerous because its content is significantly less. It was found only at single stations in the Maritsa and Danube rivers. Cu and Pb are potentially the riskiest elements for plants as their dominant organometallic species are easily accumulated by them. Regarding Al, its dominant hydroxy specie
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF DIGITAL IMAGES ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL FLUIDS SURFACE BASED ON RGB-TECHNIQUE
Authors: Amosov Pavel , Goryachev Andrey , Makarov Dmitriy
Published: December 2024

The research objective was to develop a methodology for determining the total suspended solids concentration in wastewater based on the color indexes analysis. Determining the structure and properties of natural objects by processing its digital images has become widespread in soil science, since the soil colour is determined by its chemical and mineralogical composition. The material presented in the research can be considered as the initial steps in the development of soil science methods as applied to research objective.
Based on the RGB-technique for processing digital images of the liquids surface contaminated with suspended solids, the authors tried to quantitatively describe digital indexes depending on the contamination level.
At the first stage, a forecast of unknown concentration values was made. Under normal illumination conditions (about 300 lux), based on five known concentration values, approximation functions were plotted for the colour indexes SI (saturation) and CI (coloration). Two unknown concentration values were forecasted: for the exponential function through the SI-index � 210.1 and 150.5 mg/l, and through the CI-index � 235.8 and 158.8 mg/l; for a linear function through the SI-index � 250.6 and 200.1 mg/l, and through the CI-index � 267.3 and 208.2 mg/l. The unknown experimental concentrations were 237 and 158 mg/L, respectively.
At the second stage, the effect of illumination was studied on samples of apatite-nepheline factory wastewater. For two illumination ranges (300-335 lux) and (290-394 lux), as well as 7 concentration values for color indexes SI and CI, linear approximation functions were plotted in the index-concentration axes.
THE BULGARIAN TICHA RESERVOIR FUNCTION IN 2017-2023 PERIOD
Authors: Chilikova Mila
Published: December 2024

The sustainable water management is a process based on a brief knowledge about the water resources availability. The water lack or excess in the form of droughts or flooding, and/or improper water use can cause serious disruptions in the water management process with negative effects on the water supply, economy, and the human and ecosystems well-being. To minimize the negative consequences a specialized research is needed. It requires a complex study that allows objectively detecting of critical aspects in the water management process.
In help of water managers and professionals in the area this material is presenting the results of investigation about the Ticha reservoir. Ticha is one of the complex and significant dams in Bulgaria. Its water is used for multiple purposes: for water supply, irrigation, electricity production, for provision of water for ensuring the required minimum river flow for the healthy function of aquatic ecosystems. But several times recently signals alarmed for very low reservoir state with critical impact on the water use. This provoke this special study of the Ticha`s reservoir performance for the 2017-2023 period, observing in details the reservoir specificities, hydrograph, the established water intakes and water use in accordance to the hydrological situation. The obtained results serve to diagnose the critical events and leading to them reasons. This analysis and obtained results can support the sustainable management of the Ticha reservoir and the decision makers in the field.
THE DYNAMICS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF AT THE LEVEL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS: CASE STUDY IN LATVIA
Authors: Pilecka-Ulcugaceva Jovita , Siksnane Ieva , Veinbergs Arturs , Lagzdins Ainis , Grinfelde Inga
Published: December 2024

Excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus into water systems causes eutrophication. Efforts to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture in the Baltic Sea region are crucial. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of nitrogen application rates in the form of mineral fertilizer on concentrations of Ntot, NO3-N, Ptot, and PO4-P (mg L-1) in runoff at the level of experimental fields. This study analyzed data from October 2014 to April 2022 collected from the Mellupite monitoring station, where experimental plots were set up with the application of different amount of nitrogen, expressed as nitrogen rate per hectare of cultivated agricultural land, ranging from 0 kg ha-1 to 240 kg ha-1. The average value of Ntot concentration at the level of experimental plots ranged from the lowest value observed in the experimental plots with the nitrogen application rate of 0 kg ha-1 (7.3 mg L-1) to the highest average value observed in the experimental plots with the application rate of 180 kg ha-1 (12.9 mg L-1). The lowest average value of Ptot concentration was observed in the experimental plots with 240 kg ha-1 of N applied in the fertilizer (0.036 mg L-1), while the highest average concentration value was observed in the experimental plots with the nitrogen application rate of 60 kg ha-1 (0.097 mg L-1). During the study period, the highest NO3-N concentration values were observed in 2021/2022 when winter rapeseed was grown (9.9 mg L-1 N0, 13.6 mg L-1 N60, 12.4 mg L-1 N120, 14.3 mg L-1 N180). Kruskal-Wallis tests indicate that the experimental plot with 0 kg ha-1 showed statistically significantly lower Ntot concentration (p-value less than 0.001) and the plot with 60 kg ha-1 showed statistically significantly higher Ptot concentration (p-value less than 0.0001).
THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF GEOPARKS IN NATURE POSITIVE AGENDA
Authors: Vasiliev Denis , Bornmalm Lennart , Stevens Rodney
Published: December 2024

The current dramatic pace of biodiversity loss requires immediate and decisive action. The Nature Positive Agenda implies recovery of lost natural ecosystems and gain of new ones that would overcompensate for biodiversity loss. Achievement of such an ambitious agenda is not trivial. It requires mobilization of resources and stakeholders across public and private sectors. Obviously, efforts of protected area establishment are not sufficient as it only implies protection of existing habitats, not gain of new ones. Given the resource limitations, however, it is important to protect and retore ecosystems capable of maintaining high levels of biodiversity. Moreover, these biodiversity levels have to be maintained long-term in the context of global environmental change. Ecosystems with high geodiversity possess such characteristics, as recognized in the UNESCO Global Geopark programme. However, application of geopark guidelines in the context of Nature Positive Agenda has not been considered. Our aim is to critically evaluate opportunities to integrate geopark establishment into the agenda. We provide justification of the approach and policy recommendations.
ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND WAYS TO IMPLEMENT THE LEAN GREEN CONCEPT AS BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE MINING INDUSTRY
Authors: Pietka Konrad
Published: December 2024

In today's European business reality, and within it in production processes, sustainability issues are becoming as crucial as economic aspects. An attempt to respond to these challenges is the Lean Green concept, which integrates financial and environmental aspects as equally important for building company value. The Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly the goal of responsible consumption and production and climate action, are becoming key targets for corporate action.
The aim of this article is to examine and verify the possibility of implementing the Lean Green concept in the mining industry as building sustainable development, especially in the part related to the environment. The reference point is the environmental criteria and targets set by European legislation. The article discusses the basic principles of Lean Manufacturing, the concept underlying these considerations, and presents the Lean Green concept in the light of sustainable development and key environmental objectives. The possibility of achieving environmental performance improvements in mining companies using Lean Green tools, methods and techniques is also presented. The key parameters by which the positive impact of the Lean Green concept on improving the environmental aspects of mining companies' operations can be determined are also collated. This work confirms the validity of the implementation work of the Lean Green concept in the mining industry, which by its very nature has a significant impact on the environment.
BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Chlopecky Jakub , Hubacek Jaroslav , Svana Milos
Published: December 2024

There is a growing social need to positively influence people's behaviour towards sustainable development. For this reason, the research community is increasingly addressing this reality. There is therefore the potential to achieve this positive influence through behavioural management tools, i.e. through the psychological and sociological aspects of society. The paper therefore explores the basic principles of a modern view of linking psychological and sociological influences to the field of sustainable development.
The main goal of the paper is to provide a basic justification for linking behavioural aspects to sustainable development, i.e. to show the importance of this connection and to provide a basic description of it. In other words, the paper shows the enormous potential that the connection of behavioural, i.e. psychological and sociological, management tools with the field of sustainable development represents.
The issue is based on two key areas, which are the effects of behavioural aspects on motivation for sustainable management and the effects of behavioural aspects on the nodes of sustainable development flows.
The authors explore the important context of the problem. Taking these contexts into account, they provide a comprehensive justification of how behavioural tools can be used to positively influence sustainable development. The main methods used in the paper are recherche, comparisons and description.
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF DIGITALIZATION OF PROCESSES IN CONTROL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Nedyalkova Plamena
Published: December 2024

The control institutions of each country are the leading organizations that deal directly with citizens and businesses. These institutions are strongly affected by the digitization of processes and the introduction of new technologies. All these innovations are aimed at improving the quality of implementation of control activities on the one hand, and on the other hand at supporting the interaction of control institutions and citizens, respectively legal entities. The article examines the problems regarding the application of the "costs - benefits" method in the control institutions in the digitalization of processes. Here, accordingly, the innovative thing in this article is that the digital projects in the control institutions are tested from the point of view of the static project evaluation methods and the dynamic project evaluation methods aimed at the digitalization of processes. A significant problem will be presented in the report, but due to the limitations of the development, it will not be possible to develop and explore it fully. The most important points of the cost-benefit model will be highlighted here.
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN LATVIA
Authors: Jankova Liga , Lazdins Andrejs
Published: December 2024

Understanding the nature and role of customer relationship management (hereinafter CRM) is an important prerequisite for business success. A customer requires the company to adhere to certain quality standards as well as affects the performance and management of the company. Customer relationships could be managed and developed to attract new customers and increase business profitability and customer loyalty. The customer is the most valuable asset of a company that helps to achieve goals set by the company. In Latvia, the need to view customer relationships as important in business management is understood only in some industries and by the segment of large companies, and problems with customer relationship management in companies have not been sufficiently researched. Digital transformation, personalized customer experiences, the use of mobile devices, the ability to integrate various management systems into a company, artificial intelligence and analytical tools shape trends in customer relationship management. The new trends and challenges increase the role of customer relationships in business process management in almost every industry and any company. Research methods. The research employed the monographic method, logical construction as well as analysis and synthesis. Research period. The data were analysed for the period from 2018 to 2022. The research analysed the division of customers into classes and average purchases for the period 2019-2021. The sources of information used: specialist economic literature, research documents and scientific conference papers, internal company data on economic activity and data from a customer database. In Latvia, there is no unified accounting for and no information about companies that have developed and implemented CRM in their operations; therefore, the research summarized the legal framework for customer relationship management in Latvia and analysed the experience of a company in managing customer relationships.
EUROPEAN UNION FARM TO FORK STRATEGY: PESTICIDE USE REDUCTION POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Pilvere Aija , Pilvere Irina , Upite Ilze , Nipers Aleksejs
Published: December 2024

Pesticides are traditionally used in agricultural production to protect crops against pests and diseases. However, there is growing public concern about the negative impacts of pesticides on human health and the environment. Therefore, one of the policy documents of the European Green Deal, which plays an important role in long-term agricultural development and environment-friendly management, is the Farm to Fork Strategy, which requires reducing pesticide use by 50% in the European Union (EU) by 2030. Therefore, the present research aims to examine trends in pesticide use in EU Member States (MS) to identify the potential impact of the target set by the Farm to Fork Strategy, i.e. to reduce pesticide use by 50%, on crop output value. The research applied the monographic method, statistical data analysis and scenario development methods. The research found that in 2021, according to Eurostat, the sales of pesticides in the EU totalled 356.5 thou. tonnes, with Spain, France, Italy and Germany accounting for 69% of the total. In 2016-2021, the intensity of pesticide use per ha UAA varied from 0.6 kg in Ireland and Sweden to almost 6 kg in the Netherlands. Similar differences in pesticide sales per ha arable land and crop output value were observed in EU MS. The research designed scenarios for identifying the potential impact of a 50% reduction in pesticide use on crop output value, and it was found that this would probably lead to a significant decrease in crop output value by 47-55% compared with 2021, depending on the scenario implemented, and the farmers will need to repl
FINANCIAL BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING PAPERLESS MANAGEMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: Abele Lilita , Rivza Baiba , Alksne Linda , Rivza Peteris , Libkovska Una
Published: December 2024

The transition to paperless management in municipalities is an essential step in achieving the goals of environmental economics and sustainability. To assess the benefits of such a transition and find weaknesses, the municipality of Liepaja (Latvia), in cooperation with the municipalities of Vila Nova de Poiares (Portugal) and Mielec (Poland), implemented a joint project.
The present research evaluated the financial benefits of switching to paperless management as well as the benefits of training municipal employees to improve their digital skills. The research analysed and compared data collected in all three municipalities within one year. The research focused on the volume of paper consumed, the reduction in toner costs during the year and the effectiveness of training provided to municipal employees. Based on a previously conducted survey on self-assessment of municipal employees' digital skills, the training aimed to develop and implement appropriate courses to improve employees' digital skills and change their attitudes and habits.
The research applied a combined approach, incorporating elements of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The specific amounts of paper consumption and toner costs in each of the three countries analysed were calculated using financial data from local governments. Qualitative methods were used to interview municipal employees and get an idea of the practical impact of implementing electronic governance. A survey of municipal employees was also conducted after completing the courses.
The research developed recommendations for other municipalities in all three countries to improve employees' digital skills and reduce paper and toner costs.
OCCUPATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN 400/220/110/20 KV PORTILE DE FIER POWER SUBSTATION FROM ROMANIA
Authors: Utu Ilie , Fita Nicolae Daniel , Marcu Marius Daniel , Muresan-Grecu Florin , Schiopu Adrian Mihai
Published: December 2024

Regardless of its type and size, any organization is faced with risks that can affect the achievement of its objectives in terms of activities, strategic initiatives, operations, processes and projects, with different consequences on strategic, operational, financial results and image and reputation. All activities of an organization involve risks, and risk management is the process of substantiating the decision, by taking into account the effects of uncertainty on the materialization of objectives and determining the necessary measures and actions. The process involves the use of logical and systematic methods for continuous communication-consultation, context-setting, identification, analysis, evaluation and treatment of risks associated with any activities, processes, functions, products, services or values, monitoring and risk review. Any work environment must be safe and healthy, and this is not always the case for too many workers. Every day many examples of workers whose health is exposed to the action of risk factors include dust, gaseous noxies, vibrations and extreme temperatures. The primary aim of this study is to assess and quantify the occupational risks at the 400/220/110/20 kV Portile de Fier power substation in Romania, identifying key risk factors and proposing measures to mitigate them. The assessment is carried out using the National Research and Development Institute of Occupational Safety � NRDIOS Bucharest method, in order to establish the risk/safety levels in a quantitative manner, based on a systemic analysis and on the assessment of risks of accidents and professional diseases. The role of Occupational Risks Assessment for power substation at very high voltage is to generate the national economy electricity, well-being, and safety work and health environment, workers and workplaces secured, and security of industrial and power process, in order to optimally operate the national economy and ensure energy security. This involves multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge from the authors: power substation, safety work, energy security and risk management (assessment).