bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnozoological importance of Eisenia fetida and experimental validation of its anticancer activity in ascites Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) bearing mice
Authors: Borah Manash Pratim , Prasad Surya Bali
Published: February 2024

Eisenia fetida, commonly known as the red earthworm, holds significant ethnozoological importance due to its traditional use in various cultures as a medicinal agent. This study aims to explore the potential anticancer effects of Eisenia fetida paste (EFP) and evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in mice with ascites Dalton's lymphoma (DL). The EFP extract demonstrated a significant antitumour effect, possibly by initiating programmed cell death and mitochondrial changes in the tumour cells. The viability of tumour cells exhibited a reduction over time due to EFP treatment. Comparative analysis with the reference drug cisplatin revealed that EFP exhibited fewer or no adverse effects on mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in tumour-bearing hosts. EFP treatment was found to show progressive increase in the quantity of apoptotic DL cells over time suggesting a time-dependent impact on the induction of apoptosis in the treated groups. These results imply that EFP might serve as a safer substitute for cancer treatment and hold promise for developing new and improved therapeutic strategies against cancer. The main implication of the study is that EFP might serve as a safer substitute for cancer treatment. It suggests a promising avenue for developing new and improved therapeutic strategies against cancer, with the potential to enhance treatment outcomes while minimising adverse effects.

Graphical abstract
Integration of deep-learning fault segmentation, horizontal transverse isotropy analysis, and ambient microseismic methods to enhance fracture prediction in the Crisol Anticline, Colombia
Authors: Perez Altamar Roderick , Wiebe Menno , Pablos Corredor Andrea
Published: February 2024

The analysis of fault and fracture systems in the subsurface is crucial for identifying potential reservoirs and optimizing production. However, conventional fault interpretation methods have limitations due to the complexity and amount of data involved. In this study, a multimethod approach was used to analyze fault and fracture systems in the Crisol area of the Valley Middle Magdalena basin. We used deep-learning fault segmentation, horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI), and ambient microseismic methods to identify and characterize fault and fracture systems in the study area. The deep-learning fault segmentation method helped to identify complex fault systems, whereas the HTI method identified areas and orientations of intense fracturing that occurred at any prior period of stress in geologic time. Meanwhile, the ambient microseismic method measured active rock movements and fracturing in the subsurface that occurred during the microseismic trace recording. The application of multiple methods for analyzing fault and fracture systems in the subsurface is demonstrated to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the geology and enhance the accuracy of well placement and production forecasts.
Using web-based, guided self-help to bridge the waiting time for face-to-face out-patient treatment for bulimic-spectrum disorders: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vollert Bianka , Yim See Heng , Görlich Dennis , Beintner Ina , Gordon Gemma , Musiat Peter , Schmidt Ulrike , Jacobi Corinna
Published: February 2024

Background

Although effective treatments for bulimic-spectrum eating disorders exist, access is often delayed because of limited therapist availability and lengthy waiting lists. Web-based self-help interventions have the potential to bridge waiting times for face-to-face treatment and overcome existing treatment gaps.

Aims

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a web-based guided self-help intervention (everyBody Plus) for patients with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified feeding and eating disorders who are waiting for out-patient treatment.

Method

A randomised controlled trial was conducted in Germany and the UK. A total of 343 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention ‘everyBody Plus’ or a waitlist control condition. The primary outcome was the number of weeks after randomisation until a patient achieved a clinically relevant improvement in core symptoms for the first time. Secondary outcomes included eating disorder attitudes and behaviours, and general psychopathology.

Results

At 6- and 12-month follow-up, the probability of being abstinent from core symptoms was significantly larger for the intervention group compared with the control group (hazard ratio: 1.997, 95% CI 1.09–3.65; P = 0.0249). The intervention group also showed larger improvements in eating disorder attitudes and behaviours, general psychopathology, anxiety, depression and quality of life, compared with the control group at most assessment points. Working alliance ratings with the online therapist were high.

Conclusions

The self-help intervention everyBody Plus, delivered with relatively standardised online guidance, can help bridge treatment gaps for patients with bulimic-spectrum eating disorders, and achieve faster and greater reductions in core symptoms.
IL-6 predicts non-suicidal self-injury over 3 months in high-risk adolescents
Authors: Bai Sunhye , Asarnow Joan R. , Babeva Kalina N. , Irwin Michael R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Suicide is the second leading cause of death in 12- to 17-year-old adolescents in the USA. Research on biological mechanisms contributing to self-harm risk that could be targeted in treatment could help to prevent suicide and self-harm episodes.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate whether markers of inflammation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), predict self-harm over 3 months within a sample selected for elevated suicide/self-harm risk at project entry.

Method

Fifty-one adolescents aged 12–19 years selected for elevated suicide/self-harm risk completed three clinical interviews about suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury, 3 months apart. At baseline and 3 months, youth also provided blood samples, from which we assayed levels of IL-6 and CRP.

Results

Using generalised mixed models, we found that greater levels of IL-6 predicted more self-harm episodes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 10.0) and specifically, non-suicidal self-injury (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 11.2), over 3 months.

Conclusions

The study findings increase our understanding of whether and how inflammation may be implicated in risk of self-harm. IL-6 may be a viable biological marker of short-term risk for self-harm.
Effects of rainbow gravity on an electron confined to a triangular well and a periodic potential
Authors: Bakke K. , Muniz C. R.
Published: February 2024

We investigate quantum effects concerning the modification of the background via rainbow gravity on an electron. We employ the nonrelativistic approximation of the Dirac equation to analyze these effects in depth. We initially study the interaction between an electron and a uniform electric field, by exploring confinement of the particle to a triangular potential well. We find systematic alterations in the energy levels reliant on the rainbow parameter ϵ. Additionally, we investigate a particle in a periodic potential resembling a ring. We also find consistent alterations in energy levels due to changes in the background via rainbow functions. As in the previously analyzed scenario, the larger the rainbow parameter, the lower the obtained energy levels. These findings underscore a systematic influence of modified gravity on particle dynamics in quantum scenarios.
More Rapid Bone Mineral Density Loss in Older Men With Diabetes: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Authors: Tramontana Flavia , Napoli Nicola , Litwack-Harrison Stephanie , Bauer Douglas C , Orwoll Eric S , Cauley Jane A , Strotmeyer Elsa S , Schwartz Ann V
Published: February 2024

Context

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with more rapid bone loss in women, but less evidence is available for men or those with prediabetes.

Objective

To determine whether bone loss rate is affected by diabetes status in older men, we analyzed data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study.

Methods

The multisite MrOS study enrolled 5994 men aged ≥ 65 years. Diabetes status was defined by self-report, diabetes medication use, or elevated fasting serum glucose at baseline. Hip bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and a follow-up visit after 4.6 ± 0.4 years. This analysis included 4095 men, excluding those without follow-up DXA or with unknown diabetes status. Changes in hip BMD in participants with normoglycemia (NG), prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes, excluding thiazolidinedione (TZD) users, were evaluated using generalized linear models (GLM). Diabetes medication use and BMD loss among those with type 2 diabetes were also evaluated with GLM.

Results

In adjusted models, hip BMD loss was greater in men with type 2 diabetes (− 2.23%; 95% CI: −2.54 to −1.91; P < .001) but not in men with prediabetes (−1.45%; 95% CI −1.63 to −1.26; P = .33) compared with NG (−1.57%; 95% CI −1.73 to −1.41). Among men with type 2 diabetes, TZD, insulin, and sulfonylurea use were associated with greater hip BMD loss.

Conclusion

Men with type 2 diabetes, but not prediabetes, experienced accelerated bone loss compared to participants with normoglycemia. More rapid bone loss predicts increased risk of fractures and mortality in broader populations.
The Changing Landscape of Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Italy Between 2003 and 2022
Authors: Rapini Novella , Delvecchio Maurizio , Mucciolo Mafalda , Ruta Rosario , Rabbone Ivana , Cherubini Valentino , Zucchini Stefano , Cianfarani Stefano , Prandi Elena , Schiaffini Riccardo , Bizzarri Carla , Piccini Barbara , Maltoni Giulio , Predieri Barbara , Minuto Nicola , Di Paola Rossella , Giordano Mara , Tinto Nadia , Grasso Valeria , Russo Lucia , Tiberi Valentina , Scaramuzza Andrea , Frontino Giulio , Maggio Maria Cristina , Musolino Gianluca , Piccinno Elvira , Tinti Davide , Carrera Paola , Mozzillo Enza , Cappa Marco , Iafusco Dario , Bonfanti Riccardo , Novelli Antonio , Barbetti Fabrizio ,   Diabetes Study Group of Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (ISPED), Beccaria Luciano , Candia Francesco , Cauvin Vittoria , Cardani Roberta , Cardella Francesca , Favia Anna , Gallo Francesco , Garzia Patrizia , Ghirri Paolo , Innaurato Stefania , Iughetti Lorenzo , Laforgia Nicola , Lo Presti Donatella , Marsciani Alberto , Meschi Franco , Panzeca Rossana , Pasquino Bruno , Pesavento Roberta , Pezzino Giulia , Reinstadler Petra , Ripoli Carlo , Savastio Silvia , Timpanaro Tiziana , Tumini Stefano , Vento Gianni
Published: February 2024

Context

In the last decade the Sanger method of DNA sequencing has been replaced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS is valuable in conditions characterized by high genetic heterogeneity such as neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM).

Objective

To compare results of genetic analysis of patients with NDM and congenital severe insulin resistance (c.SIR) identified in Italy in 2003-2012 (Sanger) vs 2013-2022 (NGS).

Methods

We reviewed clinical and genetic records of 104 cases with diabetes onset before 6 months of age (NDM + c.SIR) of the Italian dataset.

Results

Fifty-five patients (50 NDM + 5 c.SIR) were identified during 2003-2012 and 49 (46 NDM + 3 c.SIR) in 2013-2022. Twenty-year incidence was 1:103 340 (NDM) and 1:1 240 082 (c.SIR) live births. Frequent NDM/c.SIR genetic defects (KCNJ11, INS, ABCC8, 6q24, INSR) were detected in 41 and 34 probands during 2003-2012 and 2013-2022, respectively. We identified a pathogenic variant in rare genes in a single proband (GATA4) (1/42 or 2.4%) during 2003-2012 and in 8 infants (RFX6, PDX1, GATA6, HNF1B, FOXP3, IL2RA, LRBA, BSCL2) during 2013-2022 (8/42 or 19%, P = .034 vs 2003-2012). Notably, among rare genes 5 were recessive. Swift and accurate genetic diagnosis led to appropriate treatment: patients with autoimmune NDM (FOXP3, IL2RA, LRBA) were subjected to bone marrow transplant; patients with pancreas agenesis/hypoplasia (RFX6, PDX1) were supplemented with pancreatic enzymes, and the individual with lipodystrophy caused by BSCL2 was started on metreleptin.

Conclusion

NGS substantially improved diagnosis and precision therapy of monogenic forms of neonatal diabetes and c.SIR in Italy.
Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism with the risk of knee OA: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Authors: Mustari M. Nasser , Massi Muh. Nasrum , Usman Muh. Andry , Bukhari Agussalim , Idris Irfan , Zainuddin Alfian , Adnan Endy , Bakri Syakib , Hatta Mizwar , Rasyid Haerani , Fikry Achmad , Soetjipto Audrey Suryani
Published: February 2024

Background Previous studies have linked genetics to knee osteoarthritis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism may cause OA. However, evidence remains inconsistent. This study examines knee OA risk and ACE gene I/D polymorphism. Methods We explored Europe PMC, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library using keywords. Three assessment bias factors were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Criteria for inclusion: (1) Split the study population into knee OA patients and healthy controls; (2) Analysed the ACE gene I/D polymorphism; (3) Case-control or cross-sectional surveys. Studies with non-knee OA, incomplete data, and no full-text were excluded. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using random-effect models. Results A total of 6 case-control studies consist of 1,226 patients with knee OA and 1,145 healthy subjects as controls were included. Our pooled analysis revealed that a significant association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and risk of knee OA was only seen in the dominant (DD + ID vs. II) [OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.14 – 2.50), p = 0.009, I2 = 72%], and ID vs. II [OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.01– 1.86), p = 0.04, I2 = 43%] genotype models. Other genotype models, including recessive (DD vs. ID + II), alleles (D vs. I), DD vs. ID, and DD vs. II models did not show a significant association with knee OA risk. Further regression analysis revealed that ethnicity and sex may influence those relationships in several genotype models. Conclusions Dominant and ID vs. II ACE gene I/D polymorphism models increased knee OA risk significantly. More research with larger samples and different ethnic groups is needed to confirm our findings. After ethnicity subgroup analysis, some genetic models in our study showed significant heterogeneities, and most studies are from Asian countries with Asian populations, with little evidence on Arabs.
Impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota composition, function and gut-brain-modules in healthy adults – a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lachmansingh David Antoine , Valderrama Benjamin , Bastiaanssen Thomaz , Cryan John , Clarke Gerard , Lavelle Aonghus
Published: February 2024

Background The gut microbiota has been extensively implicated in health and disease. The functional outputs of the gut microbiota, such as microbial metabolites, are considered particularly important in this regard. Significant associations exist between alterations in the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa and mental health disorders. Dietary fiber has the potential to alter gut microbiota composition and function, modifying bacterial enzymatic function and the production of metabolites. As many taxa of microorganisms have enzymes capable of producing or degrading neurochemicals i.e. neuroactive gut brain modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets such as those harvested from dietary fiber interventions. We endeavor to perform a systematic review in order to identify studies reporting compositional gut microbiota alterations after interventions with dietary fiber in healthy individuals. We aim to also extract from the selected studies publicly available microbial genomic sequence datasets for reanalysis with a consistent bioinformatics pipeline, with the ultimate intention of identifying altered gut brain modules following dietary fiber interventions. Methods Interventional trials and randomized controlled studies that are originally published, including cross-over and non-crossover design and involving healthy adult humans will be included. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE, two electronic databases, will be completed. Discussion Various types of dietary fiber have an impact on the gut microbiota composition, with some promoting the growth of particular taxa while others are reduced in relative abundance. Our search focuses on the impact of this food component on the microbiota of healthy individuals. Compositional gut microbial changes have been reported and our review will compile and update these observations after reanalysis of their datasets with a consistent bioinformatic pipeline. From this it may be possible to predict more detailed functional consequences in terms of neuroactive gut brain modules, of the compositional alterations in gut microbial taxa.
Factors influencing the likelihood of accessing healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: lessons for the future
Authors: Buggy Padraig , Joyce Mary , Perry Ivan J. , Cahill Mary R.
Published: February 2024

Background Implementation of public health measures during the first wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, including travel restrictions and physical distancing, may have impacted population behaviour in seeking medical care. Identifying barriers to accessing healthcare is important, especially for vulnerable groups. Methods Data were collected through a nationally representative cross-sectional telephone survey during the first period of easing of COVID-19 restrictions in May and June 2020. Secondary data analysis of the dataset was carried out to examine the factors influencing the likelihood of individuals avoiding General Practitioner (G.P.) and hospital-based care. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to estimate risk ratios with robust variance estimation of the association between selected demographic and self-reported health factors and the risk of avoiding G.P. and hospital-based healthcare. Results Of the 969 participants, 152 (15.7%) deliberately avoided contacting their G.P. about non COVID-19 related concerns while 81 (8.4%) reported avoiding hospitals. Three groups, women (Rate Ratio (RR): 1.75, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.28 – 2.40), individuals who reported experiencing an adverse life event within the last 3 months (RR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.33 – 2.40), and those at an increased risk of infection (RR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.06 – 2.58) were more likely to avoid contact with their G.P. Individuals at a higher risk of avoiding hospital-based care were those aged 50 – 59 years (RR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.03 – 4.98) and 70 years+ (RR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.24 – 6.01), individuals at an increased risk of infection (RR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.20 – 3.56), smokers (RR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02 – 2.77) and those who agreed they were “likely to catch COVID-19” (RR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.25 – 6.25). Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of public health awareness and education regarding accessing healthcare during a pandemic and should be considered in future pandemic preparedness.
Generalization and Systematization of Knowledge in Preparation for Solving the Most Com-plex Problems of the USE in Mathematics at the Profile Level
Authors: Maskina M. , Kuptsov M.
Published: February 2024

This article substantiates the relevance and significance of studying the elective course "Problem Solving with Parameters" for generalizing and systematizing theoretical material on key topics of the school mathematics course, as well as for developing creative thinking and gaining experience in solving non-standard problems of increased complexity contained in the texts of the profile level of the USE mathematics. The formation of the course content and its testing were carried out for three years in the classroom with mathematically gifted eleventh-graders and one semester with first-year students of the Faculty of Economics as part of the scientific circle. As a result of the work carried out, the authors managed to identify the main methods for solving problems with parameters and analyze the most common mistakes made by students.
Biograficzność w oświacie dorosłych – wybrane stanowiska
Authors: Dubas Elżbieta
Published: February 2024

W artykule przedstawiono rodowód metody biograficznej i rozwój paradygmatu biograficzności w andragogice. Wiodącym pojęciem biograficzności w  naukach pedagogicznych jest „biografia edukacyjna”. Uwidacznia się ona w poglądach np. Gastona Pineau, Pierre’a Dominicé, Horsta Sieberta, Dietera Nittela, Petera Alheita, które zostały zaprezentowane w artykule. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono dorobkowi Olgi Czerniawskiej i jej wkładowi w budowanie i rozwój koncepcji biograficzności w Polsce. Artykuł wieńczy refleksja na temat czynności i postawy badacza biografii
OS BASTIDORES DE UMA PESQUISA DURANTE A PANDEMIA: UMA TRIOETNOGRAFIA COM DIÁLOGOS COLABORATIVOS
Authors: Paniago Maria Cristina Lima , Moura Gustavo , Arguelho Miriam
Published: February 2024

Este artigo surge a partir do interesse dos autores em entender os diálogos colaborativos estabelecidos nos bastidores de uma pesquisa guarda-chuva da qual fazem parte. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que envolve pesquisadores (PIBIC, professores universitários, e pós-graduandos) de três países - Brasil, Canadá e Inglaterra, com foco na cultura digital em comunidades educativas em programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu. A abordagem metodológica deste artigo parte de uma perspectiva trioetnográfica cujo estilo de escrita acadêmica é mais abstrato, personalizado e conversacional. A partir dos dados emergentes, exploramos 3 (três) momentos em particular: a criticidade, o neoliberalismo, e o COVID-19 na realidade docente e suas implicações no desenrolar desta pesquisa; o papel da competência linguística e da tradução na problematização do que consideramos como práticas democráticas e colaborativas; e a renegociação (intercultural) do desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Estes momentos são interpretados pelos autores a partir de suas vivências e experiências, justapostas neste artigo para refletir a complexidade de se produzir uma pesquisa sob esta perspectiva dialógica e colaborativa em um contexto de pandemia. Os diálogos neste artigo aprofundam discussões emergentes numa perspectiva crítico-reflexiva  trazendo à tona percepções, olhares, sentimentos e implicações das inter-relações pessoais, afetivas, profissionais e acadêmico-científicas no contexto de desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Entendemos, a partir dos dados produzidos, de maneira rigorosa mas inconclusa, que nossas perspectivas analíticas, carregadas por diversas concepções, contextos e histórias de vida,  possuem aproximações e distanciamentos, enriquecendo este processo de investigação.
CONVERSA COM NILDA ALVES
Authors: Alves Nilda , Morais Maria , Toja Noale , Brandão Rebeca
Published: February 2024

Conversar – ‘práticateoriaprática’ que ocupa e organiza os ‘espaçostempos’ da vida cotidiana – é tida como metodologia nos projetos de pesquisa e extensão liderados pela professora Nilda Alves há muitos anos. Outros grupos de pesquisa associados também adotam as conversas em processos de pesquisa no campo da educação. Nessa entrevista, as interlocutoras conversam com Nilda Alves a respeito dessa metodologia e como mais recentemente a pesquisadora vem desenvolvendo suas pesquisas em conversas inspiradas por imagens, sons, outros sentidos e os cotidianos escolares. Nilda Alves é Professora emérita da UERJ (2022) e pesquisadora emérita da FAPERJ, com exercício na UERJ, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação (campus Maracanã) e no PPGE-Processos Formativos e Desigualdades Sociais (campus S. Gonçalo). Organizadora de livros, séries e coleções, com artigos publicados no Brasil e no exterior, trabalha em pesquisas com os cotidianos, articulando currículos, redes educativas, imagens, sons, formação de docentes e artefatos curriculares, na compreensão de que os processos educativos precisam ser compreendidos em suas múltiplas dimensões éticas, estéticas, políticas e poéticas.
CONVERSAÇÃO NA PESQUISA E NA EDUCAÇÃO COM ROBERTO SIDNEI MACEDO
Authors: Macedo Roberto Sidnei , Carvalho Felipe , Rocha Telma Brito
Published: February 2024

Neste trabalho, buscamos construir uma conversa com o professor-pesquisador Roberto Sidney Macedo. Organizamos esta conversa em três blocos temáticos: o conceito e os limites da conversação; a conversação na pesquisa e na formação; e algumas problemáticas da conversação em nosso tempo.
Creating and using a clinical testing tool in an epilepsy monitoring unit
Authors: Ouchida Sumika , Fairbrother Greg
Published: February 2024

Video-electroencephalographic monitoring (VEM) is the gold standard for evaluating patients with epilepsy and seizures. The epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) provides an environment in which to examine patients’ seizures using VEM, to diagnose and characterise events/seizures, and to conduct a presurgical evaluation. Seizure observation and assessment are crucial roles for clinical nurses working in the EMU. However, different institutions use different seizure assessment tools. This lack of standardisation complicates the provision of optimal care for patients with seizures. This article aims to synthesise current recommendations regarding the components of seizure assessment and describe how they have been organised to form a standardised assessment tool.
Population study of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Deli Island, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: FITRIANA YULI S. , SULISTYADI EKO , TOHIR RIZKI KURNIA , HASIBUAN MHD MUHAJIR , RIFAIE FARID , MARYANTO IBNU , LUBIS ARIE MULIA , RIFQI M. FAJRUR
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Fitriana YS, Sulistyadi E, Tohir RK, Hasibuan MM, Rifaie F, Maryanto I, Lubis AM, Rifqi MF. 2024. Population study of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Deli Island, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 144-150. Understanding the distribution and population dynamics of primate species is essential for practical conservation efforts. However, such information is often unavailable, even for species whose populations appear abundant. The long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis Raffles, 1821) is a species with a wide range in Southeast Asia, including Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Bali, Lombok, and Lesser Sunda in Indonesia. However, comprehensive data on population density across its Indonesian distribution area still needs to be improved. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a thorough survey and study to estimate the population density of long-tailed macaques on Deli Island, located in Banten Province. Long-tailed macaques were introduced to Deli Island between 1989 and 1990 with a total of 1000 males and 10,000 females. To date, a total of 9,500 individuals have been harvested from this island in the period 1991-2010. We employed the line transect distance sampling (LTDS) method with a perpendicular distance approach that covered all habitat types throughout the island. Our findings revealed that the population density of long-tailed macaques on Deli Island is approximately five individuals per hectare, with an estimated total population of 4,860. The data pertaining to age structure and sex ratio is notably limited, primarily due to challenges in identification caused by dense vegetation. To address these limitations and acquire a more comprehensive understanding, additional research is essential for the accurate determination of the age structure and sex ratio on the island. Our study provides crucial baseline data for conserving this species. We recommend implementing a systematic survey encompassing the entire distribution range of the long-tailed macaque across Indonesia. Such an initiative will be instrumental in assessing its threat status and laying out a comprehensive plan for conservation efforts.
Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: ERNAWATI NI MADE , DEWI AYU PUTU WIWEKA KRISNA , SUGIANA I PUTU , DHARMAWAN I WAYAN EKA , MA'RUF MIFTACHUDIN SYAIFUL , GALGANI GEMMA ANTONIA
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Ernawati NM, Dewi APWK, Sugiana IP, Dharmawan IWE, Ma’ruf MS, Galgani GA. 2024. Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 156-166. Mangrove ecosystems are important in supporting diverse marine life, offering refuge, reproductive grounds, and sustenance to various species. However, mangroves possess distinct zoning patterns determined by dominant species due to environmental variations that significantly impact the biodiversity of biota, particularly gastropods. A study on the Indonesian island of Nusa Lembongan revealed distinct communities of coexisting gastropod species in each mangrove vegetation zone. We discovered 29 distinct species of mangrove gastropods, with the Sonneratia mangrove zone having the most and the Lumnitzera zone having the least. Certain species, including Amphidromus perversus, Cerithium adustum, and Echinolittorina sundaica, were detected in only one of the mangrove zones. In each mangrove zone, the composition of gastropod species changed depending on the substrate type, e.g., soil, mangrove trunks, or mangrove leaves. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values range from low to high diversity, and the community structure index values in mangrove zones vary. The evenness index varied by region, with Avicennia, Bruguiera, and Sonneratia having the highest index value. The findings indicate that mangrove vegetation zones are essential for maintaining diverse gastropod populations, with distinct composition and abundance patterns influenced by the distance of each mangrove zone from the ocean. This data may influence conservation efforts to preserve mangrove habitats and the diverse array of organisms that depend on them.
Questioning loneliness: an exploration of the research discourses related to stroke survival in a remote rural community in Scotland
Authors: Carin-Levy Gail , Elliot Michelle L. , Sagan Olivia
Published: February 2024

This paper reflects on a pilot study exploring the loneliness experiences of stroke survivors living in remote rural communities in Scotland. Empirical evidence gathered at the time of establishing this study demonstrated that there were no studies published around the subjective experiences of stroke survivors living alone in remote rural Scottish communities. Yet, stroke survivors in rural settings in other parts of the world report a longing for social contact as well as the experience of a reduction in participation in shared activities, suggestive of potential loneliness and isolation. This paper focuses on our experience interviewing one participant recruited in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the pandemic, the study had to be terminated, but we were left with data gathered from this one conversation which revealed a rich narrative centred around past and present occupations. At no point was there any sense of loneliness expressed, despite the context within which this participant lived: alone, in a remote community, experiencing a degree of communication difficulties and unable to leave the house independently. All commonly hallmark ‘warning signs’ of a person at risk of loneliness. In this reflection we offer perspectives on assumptions and expectations of loneliness that are problematically constructed by the dominant narratives and theories at the time.
‘It’s a struggle’ – the role of the school Health and Well-being Lead in supporting families in poverty
Authors: Lyndon Sandra , Solvason Carla , Webb Rebecca
Published: February 2024

This article explores one primary school’s response to addressing poverty experienced by children and families, within a post-Covid context. It draws on a small-scale qualitative case study exploring the role of the Health and Well-being Lead (HWBL) in a primary school in a relatively affluent market town in the south-east of England. A psychoanalytical approach was taken to understand the data drawing on the researchers different situated experiences and knowledges. Participants included children, parents and staff at the school. All parent participants shared their financial challenges, which they referred to as ‘struggles’, with many relating to the impact of the cost of living and adverse unexpected events. Staff raised concerns about how cuts to support services and funding for schools had contributed to and exacerbated challenges due to long waiting lists and a lack of early intervention. The role of the HWBL was recognised by both parents and staff as an important resource within the school. Integral to this role was a non-judgemental and empathic approach, which created an open and trusting relationship with parents. Despite the apparent success of the role, it was evident that the workload and the increase in ‘struggles’ experienced by families was having an impact on both the HWBL and other staff. While we acknowledge that such a role could benefit other schools, we argue that this will only be successful and sustainable if the government also addresses the need for early intervention, funding and the workload crisis in children’s services and schools.
DMSO synergized with sugars: optical clearing agent modulation of optical coherence tomography of skin tissues
Authors: Wang Yuelin , Fang Wenhui , Zhang Kai , Men Zhiwei
Published: February 2024

The stratum corneum of the outermost skin is an important barrier impeding transdermal
permeation, and permeation enhancers can reduce the barrier resistance
of the stratum corneum and enhance the permeation of drugs in tissues.
The optical imaging depth, signal intensity, and scattering
coefficient variation rules of skin tissues in time dimension are
obtained by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The effect of
optical clearing agents (OCAs) on OCT imaging is obtained by
quantitatively analyzing the changes in the optical properties of
tissues. D-fructose, one of the monosaccharides, and sucrose, one of
the disaccharides, were selected for the ex vivo
optical clearing experiments on pig skin tissues utilizing the
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) carrier effect. We find that DMSO synergized
with sugars applied to skin tissue has a more significant increase in
the optical imaging depth and signal intensity, and a reduction in the
scattering coefficient with an increasing concentration of DMSO. DMSO
with a high concentration and D-fructose with saturated concentration
(10:1; v/v) effectively reduce light attenuation in OCT imaging and
improve the image quality. This operation will also shorten the
application time to minimize skin damage from hyperosmotic agents.
Fourier-domain filtering analysis for color-polarization camera demosaicking
Authors: Hagen Nathan , Stockmans Thijs , Otani Yukitoshi , Buranasiri Prathan
Published: February 2024

We review Fourier-domain methods for demosaicking Bayer-filter color cameras and monochrome polarization cameras, and then generalize the approach for the quad-Bayer-filter mosaic and for color-polarization cameras. For each of these four mosaic filter types, we provide theoretical expressions for the sampling functions, the Fourier-domain channels, and the linear combination of reconstructed channels (the demosaicking algorithm) needed to estimate the input (presampled) image. A useful advantage of the Fourier-domain approach is that it provides a direct means of visualizing and quantifying when aliasing is likely or unlikely to be present. For the Bayer and quad-Bayer-filter types, we provide simulated images, while for the polarization camera types we provide experimental images and videos to illustrate the algorithm and analyze crosstalk error.
Optical coherence tomography for multicellular tumor spheroid category recognition and drug screening classification via multi-spatial-superficial-parameter and machine learning
Authors: Yan Feng , Mutembei Bornface , Valerio Trisha , Gunay Gokhan , Ha Ji-Hee , Zhang Qinghao , Wang Chen , Selvaraj Mercyshalinie Ebenezer Raj , Alhajeri Zaid A. , Zhang Fan , Dockery Lauren E. , Li Xinwei , Liu Ronghao , Dhanasekaran Danny N. , Acar Handan , Chen Wei R. , Tang Qinggong
Published: February 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an ideal imaging technique for noninvasive and longitudinal monitoring of multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). However, the internal structure features within MCTS from OCT images are still not fully utilized. In this study, we developed cross-statistical, cross-screening, and composite-hyperparameter feature processing methods in conjunction with 12 machine learning models to assess changes within the MCTS internal structure. Our results indicated that the effective features combined with supervised learning models successfully classify OVCAR-8 MCTS culturing with 5,000 and 50,000 cell numbers, MCTS with pancreatic tumor cells (Panc02-H7) culturing with the ratio of 0%, 33%, 50%, and 67% of fibroblasts, and OVCAR-4 MCTS treated by 2-methoxyestradiol, AZD1208, and R-ketorolac with concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 µM. This approach holds promise for obtaining multi-dimensional physiological and functional evaluations for using OCT and MCTS in anticancer studies.
Detecting single nanoparticles using fiber-tip nanophotonics
Authors: Hendriks Arthur L. , Rabelink Daan , Dolci Mathias , Dreverman Paco , Cano-Velázquez Mildred S. , Picelli Luca , van Veldhoven René P. J. , Zijlstra Peter , Verhagen Ewold , Fiore Andrea
Published: February 2024

Sensing nano-objects, from nanoparticles to molecules, has become a crucial need in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and drug development. Detection of single particles and molecules is highly desirable, as it provides specific information on size, dynamics, and interactions. Current nanophotonic implementations rely on complex optical readout schemes, limiting their application in the field. Here we demonstrate a nanophotonic fiber-tip sensor with a compact sensor footprint and a simple readout scheme. We leverage advanced design methods to simultaneously achieve a small mode volume V
m
=0.74(λ/n)3, narrow linewidth Δλ=0.4nm, and a large modulation ΔR≈20% in reflection from the fiber. This unique combination of properties opens the way to sensing weak nanoscale perturbations in the vicinity of the fiber tip. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate the real-time detection of single 50 nm nanoparticles. This opens a route towards real-time sensing of single nanoparticles, and potentially single molecules, in environmental monitoring and diagnostics.
Wide-angle digital holography with aliasing-free recording
Authors: Kukołowicz Rafał , Gerej Izabela , Kozacki Tomasz
Published: February 2024

High-quality wide-angle holographic content is at the heart of the success of near-eye display technology. This work proposes the first digital holographic (DH) system enabling recording wide-angle scenes assembled from objects larger than the setup field of view (FOV), which can be directly replayed without 3D deformation in the near-eye display. The hologram formation in the DH system comprises free space propagation and Fourier transform (FT), which are connected by a rectangular aperture. First, the object wave propagates in free space to the rectangular aperture. Then, the band-limited wavefield is propagated through the single lens toward the camera plane. The rectangular aperture can take two sizes, depending on which DH operates in off-axis or phase-shifting recording mode. An integral part of the DH solution is a numerical reconstruction algorithm consisting of two elements: fringe processing for object wave recovery and wide-angle propagation to the object plane. The second element simulates propagation through both parts of the experimental system. The free space part is a space-limited angular spectrum compact space algorithm, while for propagation through the lens, the piecewise FT algorithm with Petzval curvature compensation is proposed. In the experimental part of the paper, we present the wide-angle DH system with FOV 25°×19°, which allows high-quality recording and reconstruction of large complex scenes.
Target-adaptive optical phased array lidar
Authors: Fu Yunhao , Chen Baisong , Yue Wenqiang , Tao Min , Zhao Haoyang , Li Yingzhi , Li Xuetong , Qu Huan , Li Xueyan , Hu Xiaolong , Song Junfeng
Published: February 2024

Lidar based on the optical phased array (OPA) and frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technology stands out in automotive applications due to its all-solid-state design, high reliability, and remarkable resistance to interference. However, while FMCW coherent detection enhances the interference resistance capabilities, it concurrently results in a significant increase in depth computation, becoming a primary constraint for improving point cloud density in such perception systems. To address this challenge, this study introduces a lidar solution leveraging the flexible scanning characteristics of OPA. The proposed system categorizes target types within the scene based on RGB images. Subsequently, it performs scans with varying angular resolutions depending on the importance of the targets. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional scanning methods, the target-adaptive method based on semantic segmentation reduces the number of points to about one-quarter while maintaining the resolution of the primary target area. Conversely, with a similar number of points, the proposed approach increases the point cloud density of the primary target area by about four times.
Theory of radiologist interaction with instant messaging decision support tools: A sequential-explanatory study
Authors: Burns John Lee , Gichoya Judy Wawira , Kohli Marc D. , Jones Josette , Purkayastha Saptarshi
Published: February 2024

Radiology specific clinical decision support systems (CDSS) and artificial intelligence are poorly integrated into the radiologist workflow. Current research and development efforts of radiology CDSS focus on 4 main interventions, based around exam centric time points–after image acquisition, intra-report support, post-report analysis, and radiology workflow adjacent. We review the literature surrounding CDSS tools in these time points, requirements for CDSS workflow augmentation, and technologies that support clinician to computer workflow augmentation. We develop a theory of radiologist-decision tool interaction using a sequential explanatory study design. The study consists of 2 phases, the first a quantitative survey and the second a qualitative interview study. The phase 1 survey identifies differences between average users and radiologist users in software interventions using the User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View (UTAUT) framework. Phase 2 semi-structured interviews provide narratives on why these differences are found. To build this theory, we propose a novel solution called Radibot—a conversational agent capable of engaging clinicians with CDSS as an assistant using existing instant messaging systems supporting hospital communications. This work contributes an understanding of how radiologist-users differ from the average user and can be utilized by software developers to increase satisfaction of CDSS tools within radiology.
Predictors of prior HIV testing and acceptance of a community-based HIV test offer among male bar patrons in northern Tanzania
Authors: Madut Deng B. , Manavalan Preeti , Mtalo Antipas , Peter Timothy , Ostermann Jan , Njau Bernard , Thielman Nathan M.
Published: February 2024

Community-based HIV testing offers an alternative approach to encourage HIV testing among men in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we evaluated a community-based HIV testing strategy targeting male bar patrons in northern Tanzania to assess factors predictive of prior HIV testing and factors predictive of accepting a real-time HIV test offer. Participants completed a detailed survey and were offered HIV testing upon survey completion. Poisson regression was used to identify prevalence ratios for the association between potential predictors and prior HIV testing or real-time testing uptake. Of 359 participants analyzed, the median age was 41 (range 19–82) years, 257 (71.6%) reported a previous HIV test, and 321 (89.4%) accepted the real-time testing offer. Factors associated with previous testing for HIV (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 95% CI) were wealth scores in the upper-middle quartile (1.25, 1.03–1.52) or upper quartile (1.35, 1.12–1.62) and HIV knowledge (1.04, 1.01–1.07). Factors that predicted real-time testing uptake were lower scores on the Gender-Equitable Men scale (0.99, 0.98–0.99), never testing for HIV (1.16, 1.03–1.31), and testing for HIV > 12 months prior (1.18, 1.06–1.31). We show that individual-level factors that influence the testing-seeking behaviors of men are not likely to impact their acceptance of an HIV offer.
Body image perception and physical activity behavior among adult population: Application of trans-theoretical model of behavior change
Authors: Mahdifar Mozhgan , Tavakoly Sany Seyedeh Belin , Tehrani Hadi , Ghavami Vahid , Vahedian Shahroodi Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Background

The human body changes during life, but research on how sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity (PA) related to all aspects of body image are still unclear and there is conflict in the relevant results. This study aims to examine gender-specific body image perception and physical activity in relation to BMI and sociodemographic characteristics among health employees who worked in health and medical care centers.

Methods

The study was a population-based cross-sectional survey of 170 health employees (55 men and 115 women) in Binaloud, Iran. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of a self-administered Multidimensional Body-Self Image Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and stages of change scales. The full version of Marcus-TTM based on the stages of physical activity changes was used based on 5 items related to regular physical activity behavior and intentions.

Results

There were no significant differences between men and women in total body image score, body area satisfaction, and attitude. Disease orientation (p = 0.02) and health orientation (p = 0.05) were the only significant differences between men and women. The number of children, level of education, BMI, and PA had a stronger influence on body image concerns and body dissatisfaction. PA and 7 of the 10 subclasses of MBSRQ (appearance evaluation, fitness evaluation, fitness orientation, health evaluation, health orientation, and illness orientation) showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between participants in the five TTM stages.

Conclusion

The ideal body image and body satisfaction may differ by the number of children, level of education, gender, BMI, and PA. Evidence from this study supports that participants’ stages of change affect their physical activity and body image perception. This result suggests a need for conducting work/home place intervention to promote adults’ body image perception and body area satisfaction based on the usage-specific stage under consideration.