bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blind Love, Risky Romance: Exposure to Romantic Cues Increases Nonmoral and Immoral Risk Taking
Authors: Li Heng
Published: February 2025

Love and risk are often intricately intertwined within linguistic and cultural conventions. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that risk‐taking attitudes and behaviors are systematically influenced by romantic primes. To evaluate our theoretical framework, we conducted four complementary experiments utilizing various priming techniques (lexical cues, advertisements, and storytelling), diverse participant populations (students and general adults), and multiple measures of risk‐taking behavior (self‐report and behavioral data). Study 1 compared students' tendencies to engage in risk taking when exposed to romantic cues versus neutral primes. Studies 2 and 3 aimed to provide behavioral confirmation of the observed effects in nonmoral and immoral risk‐taking behaviors among nonstudent participants. Study 4 sought to provide more direct evidence regarding the role of self‐control in explaining the effects of romantic cues on risk taking. We found both correlational and experimental evidence indicating that participants primed with romantic cues exhibited a higher likelihood of engaging in nonmoral and immoral risk‐taking behaviors compared to those exposed to neutral conditions. Across the studies, self‐control was identified as a mediating factor in the observed effects. In sum, our research demonstrates that the mere presence of romantic themes significantly influences the propensity to engage in risky behaviors.
ShareStats: An open statistics item bank developed by a community of instructors in higher education
Authors: Namesnik‐Silvester Kirsten , Polak Marike , Smits Niels , Swinkels Joukje , Arends Lidia , Pavlopoulos Dimitris , Psychogyiopoulos Anastasios , Lindemann Oliver , Klinkenberg Sharon , de Moor Marleen H. M.
Published: February 2025

Gaining knowledge of statistics is important in most (under)graduate programs within the social and behavioral sciences and requires repeated study by students, highlighting the need for good practice materials. We describe the development of an open item bank of statistics exercises by a community of instructors from Dutch universities: the ShareStats project. We describe how we developed the item bank by reusing existing statistics exercises from various institutions. The 5000+ exercises are in Dutch or English and are all quality‐checked, categorized, and shared under a Creative Commons License in a single format, which allows for easy export to online learning and testing systems. We describe how we built a professional community of statistics instructors in the Netherlands, which was actively involved in developing the item bank. By continuing to invest in the online item bank and the professional community, we aim to inspire other educators to contribute to open educational resources.
Two O‐acyltransferases from the diterpene biosynthetic gene cluster of Euphorbia lathyris contribute to the structural diversity of medicinal macrocyclic diterpenoid esters biosynthesis
Authors: Zhao Wanli , Wang Fan , Li Pirui , Li Linwei , Ernst Lukas , Huang Long , Tian Mei , Lv Wei , Xu Shu , Liu Fei , Lin Guyin , Lyu Hui , Paetz Christian , Feng Xu , Chen Yu
Published: February 2025

Macrocyclic diterpenoid esters from Euphorbiaceae plants hold significant medicinal value owing to their structural diversity and for attributing structural uniqueness and biological efficacy. However, the responsible enzymes for the acylation of macrocyclic diterpenoids remain unknown. We identified two macrocyclic diterpenoid O‐acyltransferases, ElBAHD16 and ElBAHD35, from the diterpene biosynthetic gene cluster of Euphorbia lathyris. ElBAHD16 and ElBAHD35 were characterized both in vitro (using Escherichia coli) and in vivo (using Nicotiana benthamiana and E. lathyris) and exhibited mono‐acylation activities toward the hydroxy groups of their substrates, 7‐hydroxylathyrol and lathyrol. ElBAHD16 showed not only regioselectivity toward the 7‐OH group of 7‐hydroxylathyrol but also donor promiscuity, thereby producing three different mono‐acylation products. Conversely, ElBAHD35 demonstrated specific recognition for the 5‐OH group of 7‐hydroxylathyrol and lathyrol, thereby mediating mono‐acetylation reactions with acetyl‐CoA, showing donor specificity. Site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that residues H154 and T363 in ElBAHD16 are critical for its catalytic activity. Notably, the Q35 residue enhanced the efficiency of ElBAHD16, while the M296, N292, and F394 residues were crucial for its donor promiscuity. These findings elucidate the last step in the biosynthesis of macrocyclic diterpenoid esters and highlight the contribution of acyltransferases to the structural diversity of diterpenoids.
Subterranean morphology underpins the degree of mycoheterotrophy, mycorrhizal associations, and plant vigor in a green orchid Oreorchis patens
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Okada Hidehito
Published: February 2025

The evolution of full heterotrophy is a fascinating topic in plant evolution, with recent studies suggesting that partial mycoheterotrophy (mixotrophy) serves as a transitional stage toward full mycoheterotrophy in orchids. However, the adaptive significance of fungal‐derived carbon in mixotrophic plants remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the photosynthetic orchid Oreorchis patens, a species related to the leafless genus Corallorhiza within the subtribe Calypsoinae. Using high‐throughput DNA sequencing, 13C and 15N isotopic analyses, and phenotypic evaluations, we explored the role of coralloid rhizomes – a feature common in fully mycoheterotrophic orchids – in fungal partnerships, the degree of mycoheterotrophy, and plant vigor. Our findings reveal that O. patens plants with coralloid rhizomes predominantly associate with saprotrophic Psathyrellaceae fungi, whereas those without coralloid rhizomes also partner with rhizoctonias and other potentially orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Notably, plants with coralloid rhizomes exhibited enriched 13C signatures, indicating a greater reliance on fungal‐derived carbon. These plants also demonstrated more vigorous flowering scapes and produced a higher number of flowers, suggesting that mycoheterotrophy significantly enhances plant vigor. This study provides rare insights into the adaptive significance of mycoheterotrophy. Recent research suggests that some partially mycoheterotrophic orchids can adjust their heterotrophic status to optimize carbon resource use under specific conditions, such as low‐light environments. However, an increased proportion of fungal‐derived carbon may sometimes merely reflect reduced photosynthesis in such conditions, thereby amplifying the apparent contribution of fungal‐derived carbon. Our findings offer more direct evidence that carbon acquisition via mycoheterotrophy is beneficial for partially mycoheterotrophic orchids.
Breakage of cementless press‐fit femoral stems following total hip arthroplasty in dogs: 14 cases (2013–2023)
Authors: Carvajal Jose L. , Karlin William M. , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Kowaleski Michael P. , Verpaalen Valentine D. , Guiot Laurent P. , Chou Po‐Yen , Barthelemy Nicolas P. , Lotsikas Peter J. , Kim Stanley E.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To report breakage of press‐fit cementless femoral stems in dogs after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Thirteen dogs (14 stems).

Methods

Medical records were obtained for client‐owned dogs that underwent THA between 2013 and 2023. Demographic data, implant type and size, time to stem breakage, and radiographic assessment of implant size were recorded. Implant size was compared with the manufacturers' guidelines based on body weight. Treatment‐associated complications and overall outcomes were also recorded.

Results

Fourteen broken stems were reported in 13 dogs. Thirteen were size #5, #6, or #7 Biologic Fixation (BFX) lateral bolt stems and one was a size #5 standard BFX stem. A +9 head was used in 5 of 11 cases with 17 mm diameter heads. The median time from THA to stem breakage was 522 days (interquartile range, 330–905 days). Ten of the 14 stems were radiographically undersized. The weights of 10 of 13 dogs were at, or exceeded, weight‐limit guidelines. Eleven stems were revised with a new stem, two were explanted, and one was partially explanted. Major complications of revision included stem rebreakage, periprosthetic fracture, and pin and tension band‐fixation failure. Full function was achieved in 9 of 10 dogs with revised stems based on owner and surgeon assessment.

Conclusion

Most of the stems that broke were BFX lateral bolt stems and were undersized both radiographically and in comparison with weight‐limit guidelines. Revision can be successful, although the complication rate is high.

Clinical significance

The use of small, undersized BFX lateral bolt stems should be avoided.
Las violencias que viven las mujeres trans en la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Sierra-Puentes Myriam Carmenza
Published: February 2025

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las violencias experimentadas por las mujeres trans en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico bajo la técnica de entrevista semi-estructurada. Los participantes de la investigación fueron 37 mujeres transexuales con edades comprendidas entre los 18 a 49 años residentes en ciudad de Bogotá. Dentro de los resultados se evidencia que todas las mujeres entrevistadas han vivido diferentes violencias, que estas violencias soN perpetradas por familiares, compañeros de estudio y de trabajo, la fuerza pública y la población en general. 33 mujeres transexuales experimentaron violencia psicológica y 19 violencia física. Los actores que han ejercido violencia con mayor frecuencia hacia ellas son personas civiles o población en general y la fuerza pública, particularmente la Policía. Los lugares donde han sido más violentadas son los establecimientos o espacios públicos y el trabajo.
Exploring palliative care debates: Equitable access and the role of social workers
Authors: Lilley Dallace , Reid Kate
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: Equity of access to palliative care for older adults and the role of social work are interwoven as older adults are the largest population group requiring end-of-life care and hospice social workers predominantly work alongside older adults. This article explores the intersections of palliative care policy and practice, older adults’ inequitable outcomes, Te Tiriti o Waitangi (1840), and challenges faced by social workers seeking to be effective advocates for older adults.
APPROACH: Undertaking post-graduate study in palliative care allowed for an exploration of the literature and older adults’ experiences of inequity observed in practice through a social work lens. Literature reviews completed during post-graduate study foreground the literature search informing this article. The literature search was completed using University of Canterbury Library and CINAHL Health sciences databases focused on palliative and end-of-life care, older adults and caregivers. Keywords used included literature reviews, palliative or end-of-life, older adults or elderly, caregivers or family, psychosocial, New Zealand, caregiver distress, and ageism. Abstracts of articles were reviewed; literature was chosen based on relevance to the topic. Additional literature was sourced through Google Scholar, Google searches of current proposals/reports, and international databases.
CONCLUSIONS: The current Aotearoa New Zealand Ministry of Health (MoH) (2001) Palliative Care Strategy does not effectively respond to older adults’ end-of-life care needs or acknowledge the roles and contributions of social workers within palliative care. Improving older adults’ equity of access to palliative care requires interlinking and prioritising older adults’ end-of-life care and empowering the contributions of social workers.
A Punitive Turn
Authors: Bradford Sue , Foster Jack , Turei Meteria
Published: February 2025

Issue 15 (2024) editorial by Sue Bradford, Jack Foster & Meteria Turei.
Debt Abolition After the Crash
Authors: Tie Warwick
Published: February 2025

This article outlines the work programme for a national movement on indebtedness that recognises both a need for the abolition of current household debt and the recognition of socio-historical debt accrued to Indigenous, working-class, and other peoples as the result of racial capitalism. It finds capacities for the recognition of both forms of debt in qualities shared across Black radical abolitionism and the ‘New Reading’ of Marx. These qualities come together in the search for a contradiction within the prevailing orderthat (1) unsettles those who are satisfied with existing arrangements regarding debt, which we can call a ‘competing contradiction’; (2) co-opts conservative attempts to derail progress in ways that, paradoxically, addresses socio-historical debt. The conservative ideology of ‘moral hazard’ is a site of potential contest through which both outcomes can be pursued.
The Risk of Modern Slavery in the University of Otago’s Supply Chains
Authors: Stewart Rebecca
Published: February 2025

This research project aims to identify the risk of modern slavery in the University of Otago’s supply chain and to advise the procurement department on how to address this risk. Modern slavery legislation in New Zealand is anticipated in the near future and the University of Otago must be prepared to meet its obligations under this law. This report introduces and advises on four proposals of varying cost and practicability that the University of Otago may implement in its procurement operations. Data to inform these proposals was gathered through a questionnaire sent to all of the University of Otago’s suppliers. These findings can not only inform the University’s procurement practices but also contribute to broader discussions on corporate responsibility and supply chain ethics. By anticipating and proactively addressing modern slavery risks, the University of Otago can set a precedent for ethical procurement practices in the academic sector and beyond.
The Impacts of ‘No-Mow’ Areas on Floral Diversity: A Case Study at the University of Otago
Authors: Lerew Rae
Published: February 2025

This report explores how mowing cessation impacts floral diversity at the University of Otago. The primary objective was to determine if there is a significant difference in plant species richness between mown and unmown areas on campus. By evaluating the biodiversity benefits of reduced lawn maintenance, the study aims to inform future landscaping practices at the university.
Proximal mown and unmown areas across three sites were compared for floral diversity, with all vascular plants recorded within each. A paired t-test evaluated if unmown areas had significantly more plant species than mown areas. Summary statistics quantified findings and guided recommendations.
A total of 98 distinct plant species were identified, with 94 present in unmown areas, and 22 in mown areas. The mean taxon richness in unmown areas was 43 species, compared to just 14 species in mown areas. Significant differences were detected between groups, with unmown areas richer in floral taxa (p = 0.01).
These results exemplify the benefits of reduced mowing on floral diversity. However, there was no discernible difference in the proportions of native and exotic species. Despite this, urban green spaces are considered ‘novel ecosystems’, supporting humans and fauna in urban centres regardless of species’ origin. Challenges to encouraging diversity include weed and pest mammal threats and biosecurity risks, which may suppress the reported benefits.
Cultural perceptions of beauty influence urban grassland maintenance. The European history of the lawn reflects a harmful ideology that suppresses both diverse biota and peoples. The re-wilding of the urban lawns offers an opportunity for campuses and cities to create inclusive spaces for everyone – tāngata whenua and tāngata tiriti.
This report underscores that reduced mowing can create biodiversity refuges in little-used corners of greenery in urban centres. However, careful management is needed to address the challenges presented by these novel ecosystems.
Contribution to knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Cubabodes (Acari, Oribatida, Carabodidae)
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G.
Published: February 2025

A new species of Cubabodes (Oribatida, Carabodidae)—C. octosetosus sp. nov.—is described, based on adults collected from leaf litter in the mixed forest in southern Cuba. It differs from all known species of the genus in the morphology of the bothridial seta. The morphology of the gnathosoma and legs as well as the legs setation and solenidia are presented for the first time for Cubabodes. A generic diagnosis is revised. An identification key and data on distribution and habitats of the known species of Cubabodes are provided.
“Mind-Muscle Connections”: Differential Associations Between Handgrip and Upper Body Strength With Cognitive Function in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Baumgartner Nicholas W. , Geer Elyssa A. , Noh Kyoungmin , Khatri Rida A. , Lattyak Madelyn , Hirai Daniel M. , Amireault Steve , Kao Shih-Chun
Published: February 2025

The relationship between muscle strength and cognition is widely studied in older adults; however, understanding this association at younger ages may help detect markers of early cognitive changes and inform future interventions. Accordingly, we aimed to identify relationships between handgrip, whole-body, upper body, and lower body strength and cognitive functions. A total of 112 adults (aged 18–50 years) completed comprehensive measures of muscle strength, aerobic capacity, body composition, and cognitive function. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that individuals with stronger handgrip had better mental rotation performance (standardized β = 0.39); those with greater upper body strength had superior recognition (standardized β = 0.52) and pattern separation abilities (standardized β = 0.39), but whole- and lower body strength were not associated. Results demonstrate the unique relationship between upper body strength and aspects of cognitive function, in addition to differential associations of upper body and handgrip strength with encoding, retrieval, and spatial skills. The current findings establish an association between strength and cognitive function earlier than previously thought.
Teaching a 10-Step Risk Management Model: An Application of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory
Authors: Foster Susan B. , Miller John J.
Published: February 2025

Sport management curricula at universities across the United States often require one or more classes on legal issues of sport. Most often, the topic of risk management (RM) is not covered as extensively as necessary with venues and events being targets of violence and terrorism. Do graduating sport management students understand RM in a way where they could bring a large toolbox of skills to an organization, especially if planning a career in facility/event management? To assist future sport managers, this article proposes an application of Kolb’s experiential learning theory to a comprehensive 10-step RM model. Each step in the model was carefully designed to create, deepen, and apply the RM process and exhibit the importance of including RM as a required course in a sport management curriculum. Applying Kolb’s experiential learning theory permits faculty to create an RM process to real-world systems.
Wnt signaling modulates mechanotransduction in the epidermis to drive hair follicle regeneration
Authors: Oak Allen S. W. , Bagchi Amrit , Brukman Matthew J. , Toth Joshua , Ford Jamie , Zheng Ying , Nace Arben , Yang Ruifeng , Hsieh Jen-Chih , Hayden James E. , Ruthel Gordon , Ray Anisa , Kim Elaine , Shenoy Vivek B. , Cotsarelis George
Published: February 2025

Most wounds form scars without hair follicles. However, in the wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) model of skin regeneration, wounds regenerate hair follicles if tissue rigidity is optimal. Although WIHN depends on Wnt signaling, whether Wnt performs a mechanoregulatory role that contributes to regeneration remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling affects mechanosensitivity at both cellular and tissue levels to drive WIHN. Atomic force microscopy revealed an attenuated substrate rigidity response in epidermal but not dermal cells of healing wounds. Super-resolution microscopy and nanoneedle probing of intracellular compartments in live human keratinocytes revealed that Wnt-induced chromatin remodeling triggers a 10-fold drop in nuclear rigidity without jeopardizing the nucleocytoskeletal mechanical coupling. Mechanistically, Wnt signaling orchestrated a massive reorganization of actin architecture and recruited adherens junctions to generate a mechanical syncytium—a cohesive contractile unit with superior capacity for force coordination and collective durotaxis. Collectively, our findings unveil Wnt signaling’s mechanoregulatory role that manipulates the machinery of mechanotransduction to drive regeneration.
Accelerated internal tides in a warming climate
Authors: Gong Yankun , Chen Zhiwu , Xu Jiexin , Yao Yulong , Wang Chunzai , Cai Shuqun
Published: February 2025

Internal tides profoundly influence diapycnal mixing and marine ecosystems in oceans worldwide. Previous estimates on internal tides focused regionally spanning a decade, leaving a knowledge gap regarding their long-term global behavior, especially over centuries. Because of limited long-term observations, a critical question arises: How will global warming affect internal tides? Using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and the High-Resolution Empirical Tidal (HRET) model, we identify a robust accelerating trend in globally averaged internal tide speeds. This trend, increasing from historical rates (0.4 centimeters per second per decade) to future projections (2.0 centimeters per second per decade), is primarily driven by intensified upper-ocean stratification, with background currents playing a secondary role. Our findings suggest that internal tides propagate faster in a warming climate, potentially influencing energy cascade and marine biological productivity.
Chromatic acclimation shapes phytoplankton biogeography
Authors: Mattei Francesco , Hickman Anna E. , Uitz Julia , Dufour Louison , Vellucci Vincenzo , Garczarek Laurence , Partensky Frédéric , Dutkiewicz Stephanie
Published: February 2025

Marine photoautotrophs have evolved to exploit the ocean’s variable light conditions, with chromatic acclimators being able to adjust their pigment content to better match the ambient light color. The impact of chromatic acclimation on phytoplankton distribution and competition is not well understood despite its global importance. This study explores chromatic acclimation’s role in shaping the biogeography of
Synechococcus
, a widespread cyanobacterium. We integrated three pigment types into a global ecosystem model: a green-light specialist, a blue-light specialist, and a chromatic acclimator. Laboratory studies defined each type’s specific absorption properties. Our results indicate that chromatic acclimation offers an evolutionary advantage by enabling
Synechococcus
to adapt to varying light environments. This ability to mimic blue- and green-light specialists and enhance absorption at intermediate states, particularly in areas with high seasonal light variations, increases
Synechococcus
distribution and biomass. Thus, chromatic acclimation affects ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical processes in the ocean.
Persistence and decay of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity in a Canadian cohort
Authors: Nouanesengsy Amy , Semesi Anthony , Quach Kim , Ivanochko Danton , Byrne Walter , Hwang Matthew , La Neve Maria-Rosa , Leon-Ponte Matilde , Litosh Alice , Wisener Nicole , Adeli Khosrow , Campigotto Aaron , Grunebaum Eyal , McGeer Allison , Moraes Theo J. , Sepiashvili Lusia , Upton Julia , Julien Jean-Philippe , Allen Upton
Published: February 2025

A major challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been assessing the intensity, dynamics, and determinants of the antibody responses after infection and/or vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the longitudinal dynamics of the antibody responses among naturally infected individuals and individuals who achieved hybrid immunity in a large Canadian cohort. We demonstrate that anti-Spike IgGs and neutralizing antibody dynamics vary greatly among individuals with COVID-19, in peak antibody levels, rate of waning, and longevity of the antibody response. Additionally, we found an association between robust antibody responses and individuals with severe COVID-19 clinical symptoms during the first-month post-symptom onset. For individuals who achieved hybrid immunity, a robust increase in anti-S1 IgGs and neutralizing antibodies followed the first vaccination dose; however, there was a minimal increase in the anti-S1 IgGs and neutralizing antibody titers after administration of the second dose of the vaccine. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies elicited by the wild-type virus alone were largely ineffective against emerging variants of concern in our natural infection-only cohort, in contrast to a much broader and more robust neutralization profile observed in individuals who achieved hybrid immunity. Our findings emphasize the need for global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efforts to further sustain protective immune responses required to minimize viral spread and disease severity in the population. As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, understanding the interplay between previous infections, vaccine durability, and virus evolution will be critical for guiding ongoing vaccination strategies.

IMPORTANCE

A major challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been assessing the intensity, dynamics, and determinants of the antibody response after infection and/or vaccination. Our paper addresses this in a large Canadian cohort with antibody responses that were generated by natural infection as well as vaccine in some persons studied.
Clostridioides
(
Clostridium
)
difficile
infection in hospitalized adult patients in Cambodia
Authors: Eng Lengsea , Collins Deirdre A. , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Bory Sotharith , Theng Youdaline , Vann Pisey , Meng Sreyhuoch , Limsreng Setha , Clements Archie C. A. , Riley Thomas V.
Published: February 2025

Despite high levels of global concern, little is known about the epidemiology of
Clostridioides
(
Clostridium
)
difficile
infection (CDI) in Cambodia. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for CDI, and molecular types of
C. difficile
in hospitalized adults at Calmette Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Stool samples were collected from 263 hospitalized adults between June and September 2022 and tested for
C. difficile
using direct and enrichment cultures. PCR toxin genes
tcdA, tcdB, cdtA
, and
cdtB,
and amplification of the 16s–23s rRNA intergenic spacer region for ribotyping, were performed on all
C. difficile
isolates.
C. difficile
was isolated from 24% (63/263) of samples, and most isolates were non-toxigenic (67%, 42/63). The five most predominant toxigenic
C. difficile
ribotypes (RTs) were RTs 046 (8%, 5/63), 017 (6%, 4/63), 056 (5%, 3/63), 014/020 (5%, 3/63), and 012 (3%, 2/63), and prominent non-toxigenic RTs were QX011 (14%, 9/63), 010 (8%, 5/63), 009 (3%, 2/63), QX021 (3%, 2/63), and QX002 (3%, 2/63). Risk factors significantly associated with CDI included diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–5.30) and hospitalization >24 h within the last 3 months before testing (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.79–8.43). It was concluded that most participants from whom
C. difficile
was isolated were colonized only; however, a high prevalence of asymptomatic carriage could contribute to silent transmission in healthcare settings and communities. Genotypic identification of local
C. difficile
strains is necessary for a better understanding of the epidemiology of CDI and the importance of
C. difficile
.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridioides difficile
is a significant cause of diarrhea worldwide, initially as a hospital-acquired infection and, more recently, as a community-associated infection. Risk factors for hospital-acquired
C. difficile
infection include antimicrobial consumption, extended hospitalization, age ≥ 65 years, and proton pump inhibitor treatment. While much is known about
C. difficile
in high-income countries, little is known and there has been less interest in this infection in Asia due to the lack of data. Thus, investigating the prevalence and risk factors for
C. difficile
and characterizing
C. difficile
strains from hospitalized adults is necessary in Asian countries such as Cambodia. Diabetes and hospitalization >24 h within the last 3 months were identified as risk factors for
C. difficile
colonization/infection. The high prevalence of non-toxigenic strains and asymptomatic carriage of
C. difficile
in this country were notable. Further studies are warranted to gain better insights into this infection in Cambodia.
Pyrrhotite and Fe-P alloy formed in pseudotachylyte and their implications for seismic environments: Evidence from rock-heating experiments
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Haibing , Sun Zhiming , Cao Yong , Li Chunrui , Sun Lijing , Wang Huan , Zheng Yong , Si Jialiang
Published: February 2025

Pyrrhotite formed in pseudotachylyte is an important magnetic mineral for understanding earthquake mechanisms and seismogenic environments. To reveal the formation mechanism of pyrrhotite within pseudotachylyte, we conducted microstructural, geochemical, and rock magnetic (after heating) experiments on samples from the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling project Hole 2 (WFSD-2), in the Longmen Shan thrust belt on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Metallic iron was formed by the thermal decomposition of iron oxide and sulfide at high temperatures (≥1300 °C) within a reducing environment. Then, monoclinic pyrrhotite was formed at a very high melting temperature (≥1500 °C) from the reaction between a limited amount of sulfur and metallic iron. Metallic phosphorus was formed at temperatures ≥1300 °C and was preserved as Fe-P alloy. We observed that the quantity of Fe-P alloy spherulites increased with increasing temperature, as did the complexity of their structure and composition. Isometric polyhedral Fe-P alloy spherulites began to form at 1500 °C. The spherulites that formed at 1750 °C had a more complex structure and a perfectly regular shape compared to those formed at 1500 °C. We suggest that metallic phosphorus from fault zones, along with carbon and metallic iron, could be a new indicator of large earthquakes. The monoclinic pyrrhotite and excess iron in the pseudotachylyte from WFSD-2 indicate a frictional temperature of ≥1500 °C and a strongly reducing seismogenic environment.
Patient-centred interprofessional education in cancer care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Šerifović Adis , Fragner Tobias , Hama Honja , Kirchheiner Kathrin , Grabovac Igor
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, affecting millions annually and ranking as the second leading cause of death worldwide. The complexity of cancer treatment requires an interdisciplinary approach, connecting professionals from various fields to deliver personalised and integrated care. However, structural issues and insufficient interdisciplinary training can impede effective collaboration, which is why effective interprofessional education (IPE) is needed. This protocol depicts the planned procedures for a scoping review that aims to explore the role of IPE in enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration within oncology by mapping and synthesising the implementation, impact and evaluation strategies of patient-centred IPE programmes.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. The research team will develop a comprehensive search strategy and apply it to the following databases: CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science . Additionally, we will search for grey literature (eg, using OpenDOAR) and contact relevant organisations for pertinent reports. Each database will be searched without date restrictions on 11 September 2024. In the first stage, eligibility criteria will be assessed through a blinded title and abstract screening, followed by a full-text review. The research team will then extract and synthesise data related to the scoping review questions, focusing on implementation, impact and evaluation strategies employed in the included studies.

Ethics and dissemination

As this protocol does not involve collecting primary data, ethical approval is not required. The results of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through institutional websites and conferences.
Interhospital transports and mortality in patients with critical COVID-19: a single-centre cohort study
Authors: Toss Agegård Lina , Berggren Karin , Cronhjort Maria , Joelsson-Alm Eva , Sackey Peter , Jonmarker Sandra , Schandl Anna Regina
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to compare mortality rates and length of hospital stay between patients with critical COVID-19 transferred to another hospital due to capacity constraints and those who remained at their initial admission hospital.

Design

Single-centre cohort study.

Setting and participants

665 patients were treated for SARS-CoV-2 at two intensive care units (ICUs) in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2021. Data on interhospital transfers (IHTs) were retrieved from medical records and patient data management systems according to predefined protocols.

Main outcome measures

The outcomes were 30-day and 90-day mortality, days alive and out of ICU. HR with 95% CI were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, severity of illness, comorbidity, invasive ventilation, treatment limitations and pandemic waves.

Results

Of 665 patients, 133 (20%) were transferred to another hospital. The mortality rate of transferred patients compared with non-transferred patients at 30 days was 19% vs 26% (p=0.13) and at 90 days 26% vs 30% (p=0.43). In the adjusted Cox regression analysis, IHT was associated with a lower mortality risk at 30 days (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.76) and 90 days (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.79). However, the number of days alive and out of ICU was significantly lower for the IHT group at 30 days.

Conclusion

In our study, IHT due to capacity constraints among critically ill COVID-19 patients was not associated with a higher mortality risk. The suitability for transfer was likely associated with lower mortality, although residual confounding cannot be ruled out. The requirement for invasive ventilation among transferred patients might account for the extended length of ICU stay, rather than the transfer itself. However, the difficulty in studying this issue lies in the fact that while patients are likely exposed to risks during transfer, they are simultaneously the patients stable enough to be transported.
Prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction and its risk factors in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassaemia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Xiao , Lu Yanfei , Huang Yumei , Pan Lingyuan , Wu Min , Lai Yongrong , Liu Rongrong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Pulmonary complications frequently occur as comorbidities in individuals with transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (TDT). Despite their clinical significance, the existing literature lacks a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary dysfunction in this patient cohort. Therefore, we propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of pulmonary dysfunction in TDT patients.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science to identify English-language literature from the inception of each database up to 31 May 2024. We will include studies that involve TDT patients and report on the method of pulmonary function assessment, the proportion of pulmonary dysfunction and the analysis of risk factors for pulmonary dysfunction. The study designs included will be cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. Exclusions will apply to studies on non-TDT or patients with other diseases, reviews, case reports and animal experiments, as well as duplicated published studies, studies without full-text availability or studies from which raw data cannot be extracted. The screening process, including title, abstract and full texts, will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Data extraction will be performed following standardised protocols. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality criteria. The meta-analysis will be conducted using Stata 14.0 and Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software, incorporating subgroup analyses, heterogeneity assessments and publication bias evaluations to ensure the robustness and reliability of the findings.

Ethics and dissemination

As the data for this systematic review and meta-analysis are sourced exclusively from previously published literature, there is no requirement for ethical approval. The dissemination of the results will occur through publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal and presentations at relevant scientific conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024504353.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor response to daylong exposure to extreme heat in young and older adults: A secondary analysis
Authors: Kirby Nathalie V. , Meade Robert D. , McCormick James J. , King Kelli E. , Kenny Glen P.
Published: February 2025

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor with a range of neurological, cardioprotective, and metabolic health benefits. While passive heat stress has been observed to increase circulating BDNF, the BDNF response to a given stressor may be attenuated with increasing age. To investigate the influence of age on the BDNF response to heat stress, we compared BDNF responses to daylong (9-hours) exposure to hot ambient conditions (40°C, 9% relative humidity) between 19 young (range: 19-31 years; 9 female) and 37 older adults (61-78 years; 12 female). We also explored whether cumulative thermal strain (area under the curve of rectal and mean body temperatures) impacted comparisons. Serum BDNF concentrations were assessed at pre- and end-exposure using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Circulating BDNF concentrations increased from baseline in both groups (P<0.001), but end-exposure concentrations were 2594 [1555, 3633] pg/mL lower in older than young adults (P<0.001). This age-related difference persisted, albeit to a lesser magnitude, after accounting for the lower pre-exposure BDNF levels in older adults (baseline-adjusted between-group difference: 1648 [667, 2630] pg/mL; P<0.001). Additionally, the BDNF response was not related to indices of thermal strain (P≥0.562), and baseline-adjusted between-group differences were not appreciably altered by adjusting for area under the curve of rectal (1769 [714, 2825] pg/mL; P=0.002) or mean body temperatures (1745 [727, 2763] pg/mL; P=0.001). Our study is the first to demonstrate an age-related reduction in the BDNF response to prolonged passive heat exposure, which informs our wider understanding of how environmental stressors influence BDNF responses in older adults.
Use of Cut-and-Cover method to Construct a 10-km Long Large-Span Underwater Tunnel: Case Study
Authors: Liu Songyu , Lu Taishan , Cai Guojun , Wu Kai , Lai Fengwen , Xia Wenjun
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a comprehensive case study of the construction of a 10-km-long large-span underwater tunnel under Taihu Lake using the cut-and-cover method. The main challenges for the design and construction of the tunnel are limiting soil deformation and tunnel settlement, controlling the groundwater table, improving the construction efficiency, and meeting the environmental requirements. The strategies to address these challenges were summarized, including a four-zone staged excavation configuration, the use of piles for tunnel settlement control, and the use of cofferdams and waterproof curtains for groundwater control. The effectiveness of these strategies was validated by field observations, including deformations and stresses of cofferdams, retaining wall deflections, vertical and horizontal ground movements, groundwater table variations, and tunnel settlements. The observation results indicated that the measured values were smaller than the design limits, and no damage or leakage was observed during construction. This case history provides a valuable reference for the design and construction of similar tunnels.
Frustrated Lewis Pairs Reactivity Across the Periodic Table: The 2024 Catalysis Award Lecture
Authors: Stephan Douglas W.
Published: February 2025

.This article presents an overview of some of our developments of the chemistry of “frustrated Lewis pairs” (FLPs). We begin with a brief outline of the foundations of this discovery and applications of FLPs in hydrogenations. Recent advances in asymmetric hydrogenations and CO2 reduction are discussed. Early studies of FLPs with alkynes and olefins are introduced and shown to lead to the more recent uncovering of phosphino-phosphination reactions, affording a route to dissymmetric bidentate phosphines, a class of understudied ligands for transition metal catalysis. The concept of FLP is further expanding into alkali metal species, with applications in the chemistry with CO or H2 as well as Fischer Tropsch chemistry. Efforts to use FLPs to model the reduction of N2 in Haber Bosch type chemistry is also discussed. The concept of FLPs is applied to xenon difluoride chemistry and the fluorination of electron deficient boranes and borates affording new anions that offer potential applications in catalysis. Finally, the broad scope of chemistry where FLPs are being applied is briefly highlighted, demonstrating the impact of this concept around the world and across the periodic table.
Silicon and salicylic acid mitigate water stress in Cedrela fissilis Vell. seedlings under water restriction
Authors: Linné Jéssica Aline , Aquino Figueiredo Vanda Maria , Matos Cerqueira Wállas , da Costa Santos de Almeida João Lucas , Souza Silva Antonio Augusto , Jesus Maílson , Santos Cleberton Correia , Scalon Silvana , Santos Silvia Correa
Published: February 2025

Supplementation with silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) represents a mitigating solution to water deficit stress in some species. However, studies related to native tree species are scarce. This work evaluated the application of Si and SA doses in Cedrela fissilis Vell. seedlings during and after water restriction (WR). We had 8 treatments: Control; WR and treatments with WR+3 doses of Si (0.42, 0.84 and 1.68 g L-1) and SA (100, 200 and 300 mg L-1). Seedlings were evaluated at two periods: P0, when the photosynthetic rate (A) of seedlings presented values close to zero; and REC, the period in which the previously stressed seedlings reached an A value equal to or greater than control. We observed that seedlings showed reduction in the photochemical and biochemical metabolism of photosynthesis. The leaf application of Si at 0.84 g L-1 ensures metabolic adjustments in water use efficiency.
Selection and Impact of Anti-Predation Strategies in a Predator–Prey Model with Prey Refuge and Group Defense
Authors: Yang Wensheng , Liu Keyu , Chen Xiaohui
Published: February 2025

In population ecology, the interactions between predators and prey encompass more than just direct predation and killing. Various indirect effects also significantly influence the system’s dynamics. In this paper, we consider a refuge proportional to the prey population and assume that only unsuccessful refuge prey engage in group defense mechanisms. We introduce an exponential response function to model this behavior, taking into account the negative impact of defense measures on the prey growth rate. Subsequently, we analyze the non-negativity, boundedness, and persistence of the system. Furthermore, we study the existence and stability of different types of equilibrium points, and provide theoretical proofs for bifurcations in the system, such as transcritical, pitchfork, saddle-node, Hopf, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations. Finally, we verify our theoretical results through numerical simulations. Our study reveals that variations in refuge size and the intensity of group defense can alter the number and stability of equilibrium points, leading to phenomena such as bubbling and periodic oscillations. Additionally, group defense can induce bistability. Both prey refuge behavior and excessive group defense can lead to a reduction in predator numbers and eventually to their extinction. Moreover, compared to prey refuge, group defense as an anti-predator behavior has a greater effect on predators.
AN ECONOMIC PLAN FOR REBUILDING GAZA: A BOT APPROACH
Authors: PELZMAN JOSEPH
Published: February 2025

The reconstruction of Gaza after the latest war between Israel and Hamas creates an opportunity to approach the problem from a purely economic viewpoint. The vision of CEESMENA is to treat internal MENA problems from a purely economic perspective. In that light, the solution to the Gaza problem can be found by focusing narrowly on the investment solution to a failed experiment. This is a common approach that economists address in a post-bankruptcy situation. The Hamas experiment, since Israel’s unilateral withdrawal in 2005, has proven to be a complete failure. It has left Gaza in a devastating bankruptcy. To solve this bankruptcy problem, we suggest an approach based on the classic build–operate–transfer (BOT) framework. The countries that invest in this project will become equity shareholders with a 50-year lease. The civil administrators that will be brought into Gaza will develop an economic model based on the principle of “private provision of public services”. It will also create the common law principles known as the “rule of law” as it is applied to property, contract, criminal and tort law under a market system. The sovereignty of the residents will be addressed only after the 50-year lease arrangement is complete along with the formation of a robust civil administration (e-Government) and common law paradigm referred to as “rule of law” is finalized. A revitalized education system will be instituted based on a reformed UAE, Bahrain and Saudi Arabian curriculum. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model presented in the paper will be used to track a three-sector Gaza economy (tourism, agriculture and high-tech) and will be implemented to address alternative pathways for the development of this sovereign non-militarized green economy. The approach presented in this paper is a continuation of innovative thinking which was manifest when former President Trump perused the groundbreaking and successful “Abraham Accords” in complete rejection of the outdated and unsuccessful “Washington Consensus”.