bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agronomic and morphological evaluation of six genotypes and two hybrids of Poblano peppers in field conditions
Authors: JIMÉNEZ  HERNÁNDEZ LETICIA , CAMPOSECO MONTEJO NEYMAR , SANDOVAL RANGEL ALBERTO , ROBLEDO TORRES VALENTIN , ALCALÁ RICO JUAN SAMUEL GUADALUPE JESÚS , FLORES NAVEDA ANTONIO
Published: January 2025

Objective: to evaluate agronomic and morphological traits of six Poblano-type pepper genotypes, compared to a commercial hybrid and an experimental hybrid, in order to select genotypes with potential to continue with a plant breeding program.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: treatments and statistical model were arranged in randomized complete blocks, with eight treatments (six F2 genotypes, and two hybrids Carranza (commercial F1) and F402 (experimental F1). Treatments were analyzed with analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05); then tested with Multiple Mean Comparison (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) and Pearson Correlation Analysis.
Results: no statistical differences were found in yield per plant (RPP), number of fruits per plant (NFP), average weight per fruit (PPF), plant height (AP), stem thickness (GT), leaf length (AL) and leaf width (AH). Regarding width at the base of the fruit (ABF) the hybrids were superior; in average width of the fruit the genotypes G4, G6 and the hybrids were better; in fruit length G2, G5 and G6 stood out; in calyx depth G1, G3 and G4; in length of the peduncle G4 was different from the others; and in thickness of the mesocarp (GM) the genotypes G2, G4, G6 and hybrids were superior. According to Pearson's correlation, the yield depended on NFP (0.66), MG (0.46), ABF (0.38), as it is shown by their coefficients.
Limitations/ Implications of the study: F1 hybrids do include market features preferred by consumers and producers, since those hybrids were created to favor those traits; for this reason, those hybrids were compared to second generation (F2) genotypes obtained by directed manual pollination.
Findings/ Conclusions: The evaluated G2, G4 and G6 second generation (F2) genotypes are highlighted for their agronomic potential compared even to the tested hybrids. So, their genetic potential is inferred, and could be useful to continue selecting them within a plant breeding program.
The effect of green tea consumption on cholesterol reduction: a study among social service employees in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Mukin Patricia Flamli Uma , Amat Anita Lidesna Shinta , Setianingrum Elisabeth Levina Sari , Riwu Magdarita
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with elevated cholesterol levels prevalent in Indonesia. While pharmaceutical treatments are effective, they can be costly and cause side effects, prompting interest in natural remedies. Green tea, rich in bioactive compounds such as catechins, has shown potential in reducing cholesterol levels through its lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of green tea consumption on total cholesterol levels in employees of the Social Service Office, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia.
Method: An experimental study was conducted involving 38 participants aged 25–55 years, divided into a treatment group (n = 19) and a control group (n = 19). The treatment group consumed 240 ml of green tea twice daily for one week, while the control group received no intervention. Total cholesterol levels were measured using capillary blood and cholesterol test strips pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test.
Results: The treatment group exhibited a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels (mean pre-treatment: 210.95 mg/dL; post-treatment: 188.26 mg/dL; p = 0.003). The control group showed no significant change (pre-treatment: 208.11 mg/dL; post-treatment: 214.37 mg/dL; p = 0.42).
Conclusion: Green tea consumption for one week significantly reduced total cholesterol levels, demonstrating its potential as a natural remedy for managing hypercholesterolemia.
Effect of probiotic-fermented milk containing Lactiplantibacillus pentoses strain HBUAS 53657 on serum glutathione peroxidase activity and pancreatic histopathology in hyperglycemic rats
Authors: Yaswir Rita , Yerizel Eti , Suharti Netti , Ilmiawati Cimi
Published: January 2025

Background: Hyperglycemia is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels caused by impaired insulin production or function, leading to oxidative stress. Probiotic-fermented milk containing Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strain HBUAS 53657 (PFM) has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that may reduce oxidative stress.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of PFM L. pentosus strain HBUAS 53657 on serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and pancreatic histopathology in hyperglycemic rats.
Method: A post-test-only experimental design was conducted using 25 adult male Wistar rats divided into five groups (n = 5 per group): normal control, hyperglycemic control group, and hyperglycemic rats treated with PFM at doses of 1 × 10⁸ CFU/day (P1), 1 × 10⁹ CFU/day (P2), and 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day (P3) for 28 days. Serum GPx activity was assessed via spectrophotometry, Langerhans islet area was measured using ImageJ, and islet damage was evaluated using the Ningrum Score. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: PFM administration at all doses significantly increased serum GPx activity (p = 0.002), with an optimal dose of 1 × 10⁹ CFU/day (P2). PFM also increased the Langerhans islet area (p = 0.001) and reduced islet damage scores (p < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: Probiotic-fermented milk containing Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strain HBUAS 53657 increases serum GPx activity, expands Langerhans islet area, and reduces islet damage in hyperglycemic rats.
Monitoring ecological consequences of marine munition in the Baltic Sea 2024 - Cruise No. AL622, 14th – 21st October 2024, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany), „POST-Clear“
Authors: Keller Mareike , Becker Aaron J. , Diller Nikolaj , Greinert Jens , Nolte Gabriel , Scharsack Jörn , Vedenin Andrej , Weiß Tim
Published: January 2025

ALKOR cruise AL622 took place as part of the project CONMAR (https://conmarmunition.eu/)
which is part of the DAM mission sustainMare (https://www.sustainmare.de/). It was the
continuation of the munition monitoring started within the BMBF‐funded project UDEMM
(Environmental Monitoring for the Delaboration of Munition in the Sea;
https://udemm.geomar.de/), the EMFF (European Maritime and Fisheries Fund) ‐funded projects
BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data detection in and AI workflows;
https://www.basta‐munition.eu) and ExPloTect (Ex‐situ, near‐real‐time detection compound
detection in seawater).
ALKOR worked for one week in the Baltic Sea in the munition dumpsites Kolberger Heide,
Lübeck Bight and the military training area of Schönhagen. Munition sites were mapped via
hydroacoustic (subbottom profiler and synthetic aperture sonar) and visual (AUV, ROV and towed
camera) methods. Water samples were taken for explosive-type compounds analysis and sediment
samples for macro faunal distribution studies. Beam-trawl fishing was done for analyzing
explosive-type compounds in local fish species and mussel moorings next to munition objects are
part of an environmental monitoring. A change of crew happened on the 16th and 18th October in
Neustadt i.H. with support of the munition clearance company SeaTerra.

(Alkor-Berichte ; AL622)
KLASIFIKASI JENIS BATIK MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBORS (KNN)
Authors: Benita Suciani Azarin , Gunawansyah Gunawansyah , Maulana Adhinugraha Kiki
Published: January 2025

Batik merupakan salah satu warisan dunia yang telah diakui oleh UNESCO, memiliki nilai filosofis dan seni yang tinggi serta bernilai ekonomis. Namun, dengan banyaknya jenis batik di Indonesia, banyak masyarakat masih kesulitan untuk mengetahui dan membedakan jenis-jenis batik tersebut, yang dapat mengancam kelestariannya. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang jenis-jenis batik dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya apresiasi dan kehilangan identitas budaya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penanganan yang tepat untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem klasifikasi jenis batik menggunakan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) untuk membantu masyarakat mengenali dan membedakan jenis-jenis batik, khususnya Batik Lasem, Batik Sekar Jagad, Batik Tambal, dan Batik Truntum. Diharapkan sistem ini dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kekayaan budaya batik serta membantu dalam pelestarian warisan budaya Indonesia. Hasil pengujian sistem menunjukkan perbedaan akurasi di setiap percobaan dengan dataset berjumlah 200 gambar, terdiri dari 50 gambar per jenis batik. Akurasi tertinggi diperoleh dari percobaan ketiga, yaitu sebesar 85%, sedangkan percobaan kedua menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 72.5%, dan percobaan pertama memperoleh akurasi sebesar 65%.
Perancangan Mesin Packing Kain Roll Berdasarkan Plastik Berbentuk Sarung (Studi Kasus di PT QWS)
Authors: Purnama Hegi , Wijaya Wisnu
Published: January 2025

Proses packing kain roll di PT QWS saat ini masih menggunakan plastik berbentuk sarung dan dilakukan secara manual. Karena prosesnya terbagi antara memotong plastik dan membungkus kain, proses packing tersebut kurang efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang desain dan memastikan keamanan mesin packing kain roll menggunakan perangkat SolidWorks 2017. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, mesin ini dapat memproses kain dengan panjang maksimal 1550 mm dan lebar 229 mm. Mesin dirancang untuk membungkus kain, memotong, dan melakukan sealing plastik secara otomatis. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai yield strength material yang digunakan lebih rendah dari batas kekuatan material yang diperlukan, sehingga mesin dianggap aman.
Performance Evaluation Practices of Selected BPO Companies and its Effect to Employee Productivity
Authors: ZHANG CHEN  , LUO MENGMENG  , LI FENGJIAO  , LI HUI
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a debate on the usefulness of performance evaluations, with employees considering factors like work-from-home and hybrid setups as motivators. Employers aim to maximize employee productivity, and they use performance evaluations to assess performance and emphasize company goals. Ugoani (2020) supports this claim, stating that performance appraisals not only review job performance but also bring attention to the company's goals. Open communication between supervisors and employees is crucial during performance evaluations. However, resistance, lack of motivation, and unclear performance dimensions often lead to questions about performance evaluations. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of performance appraisal practices on employee productivity, as employees today prioritize work-family balance and burnout. The study found that most respondents are not satisfied with their company's performance evaluation system and do not believe it positively affects productivity. They also disagree with the communication of performance results and the effectiveness of supervisors providing feedback. They also disagree with the use of rewards like bonuses or pay raises, which do not motivate employees to work more. They also disagree with the promotion of social activities that do not improve productivity. Additionally, many respondents do not communicate negatively about their work, plan it efficiently, or actively participate in meetings and consultations. They also do not take on extra responsibilities or continuously update their skills and knowledge. The study concludes that the BPO company's performance evaluation practices significantly impact employee productivity.
Assessing the Role of Teacher Training and Professional Development in Enhancing Early Childhood Education in Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Bakori Nura Garba
Published: January 2025

This research examines the effectiveness of teacher training and professional development programs in enhancing early childhood education in Katsina State, Nigeria. Data was collected on teacher training and professional development in enhancing early childhood across three geopolitical zones of Katsina State. Daura; Katsina; and Funtua. Considered four Local Government Areas in each. A total of 180 teachers and 20 schools participated in the survey. The review synthesizes existing research on teacher training, professional development, and early childhood education, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for improvement. The findings suggest that well-structured teacher training and professional development programs can significantly improve teacher quality, student outcomes, and educational standards in Katsina State.
Hayek and the concept of freedom: a summary
Authors: Guadagno Facundo
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the pivotal concept of freedom in Friedrich Hayek’s extensive work, which is the foundation for his political, economic, and scientific theories. Hayek’s notion of freedom is multifaceted, encompassing political freedom as the absence of arbitrary coercion, economic freedom as the effective use of dispersed knowledge through market mechanisms, and scientific freedom as the recognition of subjective knowledge and the limits of central planning. The study is divided into three sections: an introduction, a detailed analysis of freedom in Hayek’s works, and a conclusion. By analyzing key texts such as The Road to Serfdom (1944), Individualism and Economic Order (1948), The Constitution of Liberty (1960), Law, Legislation and Liberty (1978), and The Fatal Conceit (1991), the paper highlights Hayek's preference for spontaneous orders over constructed ones, his critique of centralization, and his advocacy for the rule of law as essential for individual liberty and societal progress. Ultimately, Hayek’s comprehensive analysis underscores the critical role of freedom in fostering a free and prosperous society, emphasizing the superiority of decentralized processes and market mechanisms in promoting social progress and innovation.
Sobre el estatus moral de la mujer en Kant: una lectura desde el carácter moral
Authors: López-Flores Luis Moises
Published: January 2025

¿Es Kant un sexista? La discusión contemporánea sobre el sexismo kantiano recorre todas las áreas del corpus desde la epistemología, metafísica, estética, ética hasta la filosofía política. En la presente investigación me concentraré en la discusión ética y política, en particular en el estatus moral de la mujer. Argumentaré que inclusive en la lectura más caritativa de Kant el estatus moral de la mujer es inferior al del hombre. Para desarrollar el punto anterior tomaré como hilo conductor el concepto de carácter. Este concepto presenta dos ventajas. Por un lado, condensa ciertas preocupaciones morales como la relación entre sensibilidad y razón. Por otro lado, y en relación con el punto anterior, el carácter moral se expresa diferente en el carácter femenino y en el carácter masculino. En el primero se expresa el sentimiento, mientras que en el segundo se expresa la racionalidad. Dada la primacia de la racionalidad sobre sentimiento, el carácter moral masculino tiene ciertas ventajas sobre el femenino.
Biopolítica, necropolítica, zootecnia y domexecración: el poder de la muerte
Authors: Arvizu Ruiz Esther Adriana
Published: January 2025

El presente es un ensayo teórico exploratorio, que busca rastrear el potencial de la intersección de nociones conocidas por la filosofía, tales como biopolítica y necropolítica, junto a conceptos como domexecración, provenientes de campos emergentes del conocimiento social, asimismo se recurre al ámbito de la zootecnia, en tanto discurso moderno especializado (en los términos de Foucault) donde es posible develar los efectos biopolíticos, necropolíticos y domexecradores que han afectado a los animales no humanos, ya que la zootecnia es una ciencia que se creó con la finalidad de domeñarlos, y, debido a ello, los animales padecen la suerte del sometimiento y la esclavitud. Las herramientas teóricas con las que es abordado el tema no han sido vinculadas usualmente y su intención es comprender con mayor cabalidad la forma en la que en la modernidad el gobierno de lo viviente no se agota en la regulación de los animales humanos, es decir, como el racismo, hablando del ámbito humano, se hace presente en la forma de especismo en el ámbito animal.
A Technical Lemma on Unitary ( g , K)-Modules
Authors:   Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores Chalco (TESCHA) Chalco, Mexico, Bulnes Francisco
Published: January 2025

In a pre-hilbertian structure of an unitary (g, K) -module underlie spinor subspaces that are spin invariant modules under right and left actions of G and that are images of endomorphisms restricted on t belonging to the Lie algebra g.
Opinion Paper: Unifying Management Theory and Existential Thought: Insights from Mintzberg and Becker
Authors:   Department of Information Management, University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia, Holy Jan , Bolek Vladimir ,   Department of Information Management, University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia
Published: January 2025

This article examines the enduring influence of Henry Mintzberg's managerial roles framework by integrating it with Ernest
Becker's exploration of existential themes, underscoring their relevance in today's business environments shaped by technological
advancements and evolving organizational dynamics. The evolution of managerial practices in response to challenges like artificial
intelligence and digital communication highlights the necessity of blending Mintzberg's principles with modern perspectives for
effective adaptation. By connecting Mintzberg's focus on organizational structures with Becker's insights into human behavior,
the paper emphasizes the importance of symbolism and holistic understanding in interpreting managerial actions and existential
concerns. It considers Becker's view that confronting existential anxieties can drive personal growth and foster meaningful
connections, offering valuable insights for navigating contemporary managerial complexities.
Cosmology on point: modelling spectroscopic tracer one-point statistics
Authors: McCarthy Gould Beth , Castiblanco Lina , Uhlemann Cora , Friedrich Oliver
Published: January 2025

The 1-point matter density probability distribution function (PDF) captures some of the non-Gaussian information lost in standard 2-point statistics. The matter PDF can be well predicted at mildly non-linear scales using large deviations theory. This work extends those predictions to biased tracers like dark matter halos and the galaxies they host. We model the conditional PDF of tracer counts given matter density using a tracer bias and stochasticity model previously used for photometric data. We find accurate parametrisations for tracer bias with a smoothing scale-independent 2-parameter Gaussian Lagrangian bias model and a quadratic shot noise. We relate those bias and stochasticity parameters to the one for the power spectrum and tracer-matter covariances. We validate the model against the Quijote suite of N-body simulations and find excellent agreement for both halo and galaxy density PDFs and their cosmology dependence. We demonstrate the constraining power of the tracer PDFs and their complementarity to power spectra through a Fisher forecast. We focus on the cosmological parameters σ8 and Ωm as well as linear bias parameters, finding that the strength of the tracer PDF lies in disentangling tracer bias from cosmology. Our results show promise for applications to spectroscopic clustering data when augmented with a redshift space distortion model
Micronutrients: Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Abdul Hamid Mohammad Wisman , Haque Mainul
Published: January 2025

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 01 January’25 Page : 11-16
Bibliometric Analysis of Clinical Trials on Mouthwashes published in PubMed (1967-2024)
Authors: Dagli Namrata , Haque Mainul , Kumar Santosh
Published: January 2025

Mouthwashes have been extensively studied through clinical trials to assess their efficacy in improving oral health. This bibliometric analysis explores research trends, key contributors, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution in this field. The online search was performed in the PubMed database on August 29, 2024, using relevant keyword- string to identify relevant publications. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,883 articles published between 1967 and 2024 were selected and analyzed using the bibliometric software VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. The coauthorship analysis identified several key collaborators: Addy M has the highest total link strength (TLS) value of 112. The Journal of Clinical Periodontology emerged as a leading journal, publishing 220 clinical trials on mouthwashes. The USA dominated the research output, followed by Brazil and India. In addition, Brazil showed the highest levels of international collaboration. The thematic analysis suggests that the focus of mouthwash clinical trials shifted from examining basic antibacterial efficacy and formulation to exploring personalized, long-term health effects and incorporating mouthwash into broader oral health and wellness strategies, including psychological aspects. The analysis also revealed that international partnerships are still limited while the field is highly collaborative, with only 5.79% of studies involving cross-border cooperation. This highlights potential areas for growth in advancing global research collaborations. The analysis also suggests that the field has evolved substantially. However, some areas are still underexplored, such as studies on the environmental impact of chronic mouthwash use and its effects on the natural balance of mouth bacteria, which warrant more attention.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 01 January’25 Page : 17-32
Contribution of Banking CSR to the Healthcare Sector in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Shamsul , Islam Sharmin , Rahman Shafiqur , Moniruzzaman Md , Haque Afruza , Rahman Faiyaz
Published: January 2025

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has shifted from a philanthropic activity to a strategic business practice, especially in Bangladesh’s banking sector, where it plays a crucial role in healthcare improvements. This article investigates how Bangladeshi banks have integrated CSR into their operations, aligning efforts with national health goals. Using content analysis of publications from the Bangladesh Central Bank and other sources, the study outlines the transition from basic charitable actions to more impactful CSR interventions. Under the Bangladesh Bank’s regulatory framework, banks are required to allocate a portion of profits to CSR, particularly focusing on healthcare, education, disaster relief, and environmental sustainability. The research highlights key healthcare initiatives such as infrastructure development, funding medical camps, and promoting public health awareness. Fluctuations in healthcare-related CSR spending from 2019 to 2023 are examined, showing a peak in 2021, followed by a decline due to political and economic instability. The article stresses the need for stronger oversight, strategic partnerships, and long-term healthcare investments to ensure sustainable outcomes. Recommendations include aligning CSR strategies with national health objectives, enhancing transparency, and collaborating with healthcare providers and NGOs. Further research is suggested to evaluate the direct impact of these initiatives on healthcare outcomes to ensure long-term effectiveness.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 01 January’25 Page : 67-73
Optimization of Plant Growth Regulators for Efficient Embryogenic Callus Induction and Subsequent Plant Regeneration in Two Indigenous Aromatic Rice Varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Afrin Mimma , Ahmed Sium , Ahamed Tanvir , Rahman Mir Md Mahbubur , Khatun Sayeda Mahfuja , Mohiuddin A K M , Shohael Abdullah Mohammad
Published: January 2025

An efficient regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis for two aromatic Indica rice varieties, Kalijira and Tulshimala was developed. Using mature, dehusked seeds, the process involved callus initiation, embryo development and plant regeneration involving MS medium accompanied with specific concentrations of the auxins 2,4-D and NAA, along with the cytokinin BAP. Callus induction was optimized at 2 mg/l 2,4-D, and 1 mg/l NAA, yielding initiation rates of 87% for Kalijira and 95% for Tulshimala. The medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D supported robust embryogenic calli development. Mature embryos were successfully regenerated on media comprising 0.1 mg/l NAA and 2.5 mg/l BAP for Kalijira while 2 mg/l BAP for Tulshimala, with 35% of Kalijira calli forming multiple shoots and 65% rooting, on the other hand Tulshimala achieved 70% shoot formation and 100% rooting. Transplanted plantlets adapted well, showing high survival rates.
Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 34(2): 153-164, 2024 (December)
Direct In vitro Regeneration of Sugarcane Var. China (Saccharum officinarum L.) Using Leaf-Sheath Explants
Authors: Kabir M H , Das Pronabananda , Islam Md Monirul , Mamun A N K
Published: January 2025

An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for sugarcane var. China using leaf-sheath explants. Direct multiple shoot formation without the intervention of callus from leaf-sheath was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 10.0 mg/l NAA. Ninety percent of the explants were found to induce shoots following a 90-day culture period. After 90 days of cultivation, each explant produced an average of 30.0 ± 2.50 shoots having a mean shoot length of 7.2 ± 0.50 cm on this medium. Within 30 days of being exposed to 1/2 strength of MS containing 2.50 mg/l NAA, 90% of the regenerated shoots produced roots. The average root length in this medium was 7.50 ± 2.30 cm, and there were 15.0 ± 1.25 roots produced from each shoot. Ninety percent of the in vitro raised plantlets were found to survive in the soil under a natural environment.
Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 34(2): 115-121, 2024 (December)
Establishment of a Simple and Efficient Single Spore Isolation Method for Gilled Mushroom
Authors: Sharita Islam  , Md Asif Hasan Mazumder Niloy  , Sabina Yesmin  , Mahiea Hossain Mahi  , Jebunnahar Khandakar
Published: January 2025

Single-spore isolation is a fundamental technique for exploring genetic diversity in fungi, particularly in heterothallic species like Pleurotus ostreatus. This study outlines a method for isolating single spores from fruiting bodies, aimed at facilitating genetic improvement of mushrooms. The approach is especially suitable for the laboratories of mushrooms which are not necessarily well-funded, requiring only basic laboratory equipment. It is simple, resistant to contamination, and highly efficient. Under sterile conditions, spores were collected from mature mushroom fruiting bodies using a sterilized cotton swab and subjected to serial dilutions in distilled water. Each dilution was plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and then incubated, producing a consistent source of genetically uniform mycelium for further study. Further, microscopic examinations revealed the presence of clamp connections, specialized structures that ensure genetic stability and facilitate cell division during hyphal growth. This method is broadly applicable, though fungi that do not germinate on artificial media may require an alternative approach.
Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 3, December 2024: 383-388
Effects of value added tax zero-rated food products on households’ welfare in South Africa
Authors: B L Kwebulane  , A S Oyekale
Published: January 2025

Internationally, the use of Value Added Tax zero-rating to lessen the tax's regressivity is now widely acknowledged. From an economic point of view, it is still debatable if zero-rating is the most economical method of helping the poor. The 2018 1% VAT rate increase in the South African tax system has renewed focus on the need of zero-rating from the viewpoints of equality and poverty. This paper evaluated whether the existing list of commodity items with zero ratings improves welfare and whether or not more items should be taken into consideration for potential zero-rating. The Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit's National Income Dynamics Survey (2018) of South Africa was used in this study. The survey offered pertinent data on family spending on specific items by total spending and income level. The study's conclusions showed that a fair and just tax system required the VAT zero-rating of particular items as a logical and essential step. Most of the items with a zero rating are used by low-income households. However, there are a few exceptions to the rule for fruits and some vegetables. Also, the study commends individually quick-frozen (IQF) chicken portions for zero-rating.
Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 3, December 2024: 401-415
Tingkat Pengetahuan Berhubungan Dengan Praktik Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Pada Dewasa Awal Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pakisaji
Authors: Padilero Fertiyana Fin , Masluhiya Swaidatul , Devi Hilda Mazarina
Published: January 2025

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang berbahaya, maka penting untuk memahami cara menghindarinya. Pemahaman akan berdampak pada perilaku masyarakat, dan teknik pencegahan DBD akan dikaitkan dengan perilaku yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku pencegahan DBD pada orang dewasa awal dengan pengetahuan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pakisaji. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sebanyak 98 dari 130 orang dewasa awal menjadi sampel penelitian. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini harus berusia dewasa awal (26–35 tahun), melek huruf, dan bersemangat untuk berpartisipasi. Sampel dipilih secara simple random sampling. Kesadaran terhadap DBD merupakan variabel bebas, sedangkan teknik pencegahan DBD merupakan variabel terikat. Alat untuk pencegahan DBD adalah lembar kuesioner pengetahuan dan perilaku. Peneliti menggunakan uji exact fisher untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 37,8% dewasa awal memiliki pemahaman yang sangat baik tentang DBD; lebih dari separuh (38,8%) remaja menggunakan strategi pencegahan DBD yang berhasil; ada korelasi antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan teknik pencegahan DBD (p = 0,000, OR = 28,6). Direkomendasikan lebih banyak peneliti menggunakan 5 M plus untuk menguji strategi pencegahan DBD dalam keluarga, terutama di kalangan remaja.
Benefits of Collaborative Efforts Based on Nurse-Led Clinic Education
Authors: CAREY MADELYN R
Published: January 2025

Background: University Mobile Units can provide opportunities for focused nursing practicum time, building student confidence, increasing communication skills, and making it more likely they will implement collaborative team measures to promote patient care.

Method: The study presented is a cross-sectional descriptive study administering an adapted validated survey designed on Bachelors of Nursing (BSN) students to assess interpersonal communication skills and explore overall confidence levels in communication concepts.

Results: A maximum score of 80 would indicate total confidence in all skill areas assessed by the survey. As seen in Table 1, the mean score for first year students was 64.71 (80%), and the mean score for second year students was 59.30 (74%).

Conclusion: The clinical setting of the BSN program allows students to develop practical skills with members of other disciplines as well as with their patients. Early clinical practicum can be utilized as an opportunity for focused education on communication as a basis of care.
Autophagy Modulates the Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 in Apical Periodontitis
Authors: M Safder , J Chiorini , T Tanaka , H Nakamura , T Clark , T Kirkpatrick , Z Shen
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to investigate how autophagy regulates interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and other inflammation-related genes in apical periodontitis.

Materials and Methods: Autophagy was induced and inhibited in human leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 and macrophages via the treatment of various concentrations of rapamycin and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), respectively. The cytotoxicity and proliferation of the cells under these treatments were assessed using the cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay, and optimum concentrations of rapamycin and 3-MA were determined. Changes in the expression of IRF8 and other key markers of autophagy were measured at the transcription and protein levels via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot. Total RNAs from those cells were also subject to RNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and statistical analyses. The differentially expressed genes, especially in IRF8 and inflammation-related pathways, were analyzed.

Results: IRF8 was significantly downregulated at both transcription and protein levels upon inhibition of autophagy (P< 0.05, one-way ANOVA). In addition, pro-inflammatory factors involved in apical periodontitis, such as TNF-α and IL1-β, were significantly upregulated upon inhibition of autophagy. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed many differentially expressed genes, including IRF8 and its related inflammatory pathways.

Conclusions: Autophagy regulates the expressions of IRF8 and related genes, which may play a pivotal role in modulating apical periodontitis.

Clinical Relevance: Dissecting the interrelationship between autophagy and IRF8 is essential to understanding the disease pathogenesis in apical periodontitis and may lead to the development of adjunct therapies in endodontics.
Isotretinoin and Orthodontic Tooth Movement- A Review of the Literature
Authors: Duran Natalie , C Colby Gage , Borke James L
Published: January 2025

Retinoids, derivatives of vitamin A, play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including vision, immune function, bone mineralization and cellular differentiation. Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), a powerful retinoid is widely used in treating severe acne, particularly in adolescents and young adults. As the patient population experiencing the onset of severe acne coincides with the largest patient age group requesting orthodontic treatment, the impact of isotretinoin on bone metabolism raises concerns. This manuscript reviews the mechanism of action of isotretinoin and its effects on bone and the implications for orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.
Effect and Potential Mechanism of Local Injection of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Knee Injury
Authors: Wang Shaoshan , Cui Xiaohui , Li Rongrong , Shi Xinyi , Jiang Xiaoxia , Li Chongmei , Wang Taihua
Published: January 2025

Objective: To analyze the effect and potential mechanism of local injection of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of knee injury.

Methods: A total of 74 patients with knee joint injury were selected as research objects from March 2018 to December 2020. They were divided into the reference group (37 cases) and the study group (37 cases). The study group was treated with local injection of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, while the reference group was treated with conventional treatment, and the therapeutic effect was compared.

Results: The FMA score of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 1 month and 2 months after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results showed that the scores of the study group were better (28.62 ± 4.45) and (34.54 ± 4.34). In addition, the effective rate of treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the reference group (P<0.05). The score of pain degree after treatment in the study group was significantly lower than that in the reference group, and the difference was P<0.05.

Conclusion: Local injection of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of knee injury can effectively enhance the limb function of patients, relieve clinical symptoms, eliminate pain, and increase the effective rate of treatment.
A sign that spells
Authors: Offert Fabian , Phan Thao
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we examine how generative artificial intelligence produces a new politics of visual culture. We focus on DALL·E and related machine learning models as an emergent approach to image-making that operates through the cultural technique of semantic compression. Semantic compression, we argue, is an inhuman and invisual technique, yet it is still caught in a paradox that is ironically all too human: the consistent reproduction of whiteness as a latent feature of dominant visual culture. We use Open AI’s failed efforts to “debias” their system as a critical opening to interrogate how DALL·E dissolves and reconstitutes politically and economically salient human concepts like race. This example vividly illustrates the stakes of the current moment of transformation, when so-called foundation models reconfigure the boundaries of visual culture and when “doing” anti-racism means deploying quick technical fixes to mitigate personal discomfort, or more importantly, potential commercial loss. We conclude by arguing that it simply does not suffice anymore to point out a lack – of data, of representation, of subjectivity – in machine learning systems when these systems are designed and understood to be complete representations of reality. The current shift towards foundation models, then, at the very least presents an opportunity to reflect on what is next, even if it is just a “new and better” kind of complicity.
Getting democracy wrong
Authors: Blue Gwendolyn , Hogan Mél
Published: January 2025

Recent developments in large language models and computer automated systems more generally (colloquially called ‘artificial intelligence’) have given rise to concerns about potential social risks of AI. Of the numerous industry-driven principles put forth over the past decade to address these concerns, the Future of Life Institute’s Asilomar AI principles are particularly noteworthy given the large number of wealthy and powerful signatories. This paper highlights the need for critical examination of the Asilomar AI Principles. The Asilomar model, first developed for biotechnology, is frequently cited as a successful policy approach for promoting expert consensus and containing public controversy. Situating Asilomar AI principles in the context of a broader history of Asilomar approaches illuminates the limitations of scientific and industry self-regulation. The Asilomar AI process shapes AI’s publicity in three interconnected ways: as an agenda-setting manoeuvre to promote longtermist beliefs; as an approach to policy making that restricts public engagement; and as a mechanism to enhance industry control of AI governance.
Kejadian Jatuh Pada Lansia: Faktor Risiko, Pencegahan Dan Komplikasi: Literature Review
Authors: Hidayah Munaawarotul , Sopiah Popi , Ridwan Heri , Nurhayati Fitri , Pirmanto Kento , Rahmani Nabila , Aulia Salwa Tri
Published: January 2025

Kejadian jatuh pada lansia di Indonesia meningkat secara signifikan dalam beberapatahun terakhir seiring dengan pertambahan usia pada lansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmenganalisis secara empiris artikel-artikel terkait faktor risiko jatuh, pencegahan, dankomplikasi yang terjadi akibat jatuh pada lansia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitianini adalah literature review, pencarian artikel menggunakan Google Scholar dan PubMeddengan kriteria, artikel dipublikasikan dalam rentang waktu 5 tahun terakhir, didapatkan1.192 artikel yang dieliminasi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sehinggadidapatkan 14 artikel relevan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan faktor-faktor risiko jatuhmeliputi usia, diabetes, hipertensi, hipotensi ortostatik, katarak, glukouma, dan degenerasimakula, insomnia, serta kemampuan mobilisasi. Pencegahan jatuh meliputi ankle strategyexercise, monitoring pasien dengan risiko jatuh, otago exercise, VIVIFRAIL-COGN,suplementasi kalsium dan protein, skrining MFS, serta V-TIME. Adapun komplikasiakibat jatuh meliputi gangguan berjalan, kecacatan, penurunan kemampuan beraktivitas,dan hilangnya kemandirian yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia
The connection between non-normality and trophic coherence in directed graphs
Authors: Drysdale Catherine , Johnson Samuel
Published: January 2025

Trophic coherence and non-normality are both ways of describing the overall directionality of directed graphs or networks. Trophic coherence can be regarded as a measure of how neatly a graph can be divided into distinct layers, whereas non-normality is a measure of how unlike a matrix is with its transpose. We explore the relationship between trophic coherence and non-normality by first considering the connections that exist in literature and calculating the trophic coherence and non-normality for some toy networks. We then explore how persistence of an epidemic in an SIS model depends on coherence and how this relates to the non-normality. A similar effect on dynamics governed by a linear operator suggests that it may be useful to extend the concept of trophic coherence to matrices, which do not necessarily represent graphs.
Why do patients with isolated PCL rupture experience no subjective knee joint instability during walking? An in vivo biomechanical study
Authors: Lu Mingfeng , Chen Wei , Lin Jinpeng , Huang Wenhan , Gao Junqing , Zhao Lilian , Li Shilin , He Lilei , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2025

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the kinematic changes in the knee joint during walking in patients with isolated PCL-deficiency (PCLD) to determine the presence of walking-related joint instability (mechanical instability—abnormal displacement form structural damage). Additionally, the study seeks to provide biomechanical insights into the observed differences between subjective and objective assessments.

Methods

35 healthy volunteers and 27 patients with isolated PCLD (both involved and uninvolved sides) were included in the study. All participants walked on a treadmill at a self-selected comfortable speed. An optical 3D motion capture system was employed to collect six degrees of freedom kinematic data of the knee joint during walking. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was employed, using independent and paired t-tests to evaluate differences between the healthy control group and the PCLD group, as well as between the involved and uninvolved sides, respectively.

Results

Compared with the healthy control group, posterior tibial displacement (the main indicator for anterior-posterior instability) of the involved limb was significantly decreased during 79%–94%. additionally, knee flexion angles of the involved limb were significantly increased compared with healthy control group during 0%–5% and 95%–99% of the gait cycle and significantly decreased during 66%–87%; In the uninvolved side, adaptive gait changes were observed, with knee flexion angles significantly reduced during 20%–50% and 64%–89% of the gait cycle and posterior tibial displacement significantly reduced during 60%–94% compared with the healthy control group; Compared to the uninvolved limb, the involved limb showed increased internal rotation during 62%–71% of the gait cycle and increased knee flexion during 8%–53%, with no significant differences in other dimensions.

Conclusion

From a biomechanical perspective, patients with PCL rupture exhibit no joint instability during walking. Compared to the healthy control group, the involved leg shows a significant reduction in posterior tibial displacement and a diminished range of knee flexion. Clinical evaluations of PCLD should incorporate dynamic functional assessments, thereby providing a more comprehensive basis for treatment decisions.
Investigation and analysis of clinical medical undergraduate learning behaviors under different teaching models
Authors: Lan Yang-Zheng , Lin Wen-Ting , Wu Zheng , Chen Wen-Jia , Guo Dan , Liu Shu-Hui , Liu Jing
Published: January 2025

Medical education plays a critical role in preparing future doctors, responsible for the well-being and health of individual patients. Given its unique significance, understanding how to enhance the intrinsic motivation of clinical medical undergraduates for a 5-year program is a key research focus in China. Based on this purpose, the transformation of higher education in the major of clinical medicine has been conducted worldwide. To evaluate the attitude of clinical medical undergraduates on the transformation of education, this study investigates the impact of different teaching models on the learning attitudes of students at Shantou University Medical School, aiming to provide insights into effective educational strategies. Within the set-up of different teaching models, involving active-learning classes, English-medium instruction classes, and conventional clinical classes, we employed a comprehensive survey targeting undergraduates enrolled in three distinct teaching models. The survey explored multiple dimensions of learning behaviors, including classroom engagement, study time, and overall motivation. Results indicated that students participating in active learning classes exhibited superior classroom engagement and devoted more time to their studies than those in English-medium instruction classes and conventional clinical classes, while the difference between English-medium instruction classes and conventional clinical classes was not significant. These students reported a higher intrinsic motivation towards their learning experience, suitable to apply self-directed learning methods. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of adopting diverse and adaptive teaching strategies to cater to the varied learning attitudes of clinical medical undergraduates, suggesting conducting self-evaluation or pre-evaluation of the students for adapting to different clinical teaching methods. Meanwhile, enhancing teacher guidance and support throughout the learning process is essential. By implementing different educational approaches, medical schools can effectively enhance student motivation and educational outcomes, contributing to the advancement of medical education.
Teacher agency in the dynamics of educational practices: a theory synthesis
Authors: Emans Anita , Oolbekkink-Marchand Helma , Bakker Cok , De Bruijn Elly
Published: January 2025

In this study, a theory synthesis was conducted from a sociocultural perspective to specify the situated processes involved in teacher agency development in the dynamics of educational practices. Agency is closely related to teacher wellbeing and important for teachers to create situations that enable them to act in line with their understanding of what is valuable and feasible. Both the policy landscape and the nature of educational processes, with their emphasis on routines and immediate actions, have had a constraining impact on teacher agency. We specified agency as a situated act that is intertwined with the sociocultural rooted structures and contexts that give rise to it, and in which it is enacted. We unpacked it as a mediating tool through which teachers, both individually and jointly, steer work processes. We brought together valuable insights from previous studies on processes that unfold in educational practices and that are involved in shaping teacher agency. To determine our focus, we conducted interviews with experts in the field of teacher agency research resulting in the study of four research domains. They include sensemaking processes, teacher collaboration processes, professional identity processes and organizational work processes. Based on our analysis, we identified twelve “agentic qualities”. These qualities enable recognizing expressions of agency within these processes. We consider studying the emergence and development of these “agentic qualities” in their interconnectedness as important for understanding the development of teacher agency. Suggestions for future research include empirically studying how these interconnected sociocultural processes are shaped in practice.