bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonkululeko Gobodo: a challenger challenged
Authors: Ndaba Zanele , Mitchell Clare , Ngxola Nomonde
Published: August 2022

Learning outcomes

This case study aims to ensure that, students should be able to recognise the behaviours that influence the in-member out-member categorisation that transpires in the workplace, both from the leader’s perspective and that of the followers; determine and understand the relevance of forming interpersonal relationships in the workplace and that interpersonal relationships create fundamentally positive or negative work experiences and impact on career opportunities in the workplace; gain an understanding of the internal bias and subjective comfort that leaders must actively overcome to establish an environment in which the entire team becomes in-group members; and be able to assess the contextual variables that contribute to the negative or positive aggravation of the leader–member exchange.

Case overview/synopsis

It was 16 October 2014, and Nonkululeko Gobodo, Executive Chair of accounting firm SizweNtsalubaGobodo, was looking to her younger sister, Notemba Dlova, for emotional support, as she sought to address an important issue that was on the agenda of the firm’s board of directors’ meeting the following day. Tensions between her and Victor Sekese, Chief Executive Officer of the firm, were mounting, and a number of the directors were unhappy with the status quo. “How do you think I should address the issue?” she asked Dlova. Both sisters knew that at stake was Gobodo’s future at the firm she had battled so hard to build up in the face of racial and gender stereotypes.

Complexity academic level

The case study is appropriate for use in a range of postgraduate courses aimed at Master’s in Management and Master of Business Administration (MBA)-level students. It is also suitable for use in postgraduate diplomas in business and executive education short courses.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Front-end of innovation: a systematic review and lifecycle analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Maicon Gouvea , Mendes Glauco Henrique de Sousa , Mendes Serrano Karina
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study investigates the intellectual structure of the front-end of innovation (FEI) research field and elaborates a lifecycle model, which embraces the FEI progress and conceptual development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analysed 355 papers published from 1987 to 2020 in the Scopus and Web of Science databases through bibliometrics, network analysis and content analysis.

Findings

This study reveals FEI research themes and topics and explores their evolution through three periods. In addition, following a lifecycle approach, it also sets the research field foundation and discusses the maturity and potential progress of the FEI intellectual structure.

Originality/value

This study complements the existing FEI reviews by capturing the most relevant topics in the area, showing how these topics relate to each other to form the intellectual domain and providing insights concerning the research progress through different lifecycle stages. It also extends the FEI database used in the other literature reviews.
AI-driven banking services: the next frontier for a personalised experience in the emerging market
Authors: Sheth Jagdish N. , Jain Varsha , Roy Gourav , Chakraborty Amrita
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) is used by banking services primarily to automate systems; however, this ecosystem does not work in emerging markets because human intervention is needed, and there are concerns related to infrastructure. There is plenty of research on AI-mediated banking services, but the existing discussions are cumbersome, and studies on AI's service features in banking for emerging markets are limited. Furthermore, the ongoing discussions are centred on developed markets where automation in banking services is noteworthy and accepted. Through this paper, the authors emphasise the relevance of AI mediation in emerging markets and the possible role of strategising AI in banking services for personalised experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors' article followed an exploratory, inductive approach through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis. In total, 36 financial experts were interviewed, and the relevant perspectives were analysed to develop the research process and framework for a personalised banking experience.

Findings

The authors' paper introduced five key themes and presented those themes accordingly. The first theme details the importance of AI-mediated banking and the skills necessary for operational capacity. The second theme is on the relevance of AI-mediated banking awareness amongst users. The third is about channelling the importance of AI-driven interfaces through managers and employees. Fourth, the authors emphasised the relevance of human intervention due to users' demographic patterns. The fifth theme led to a discussion on personalised AI-mediated banking services.

Research limitations/implications

The authors recommend that managers understand the relevance of quality service amongst users. The authors' paper discusses the relevance of AI and human intervention in banking services; however, the process for seamless, personalised banking experiences is not provided. Thus, this paper encourages managers to build a banking ecosystem that delivers a seamless banking experience through AI.

Originality/value

The authors' paper highlights the importance of human intervention in AI-driven banking by introducing personalised service experience elements and highlighting the role of customer experience in AI-driven banking services in emerging markets.
Fast food consumption value: examining the moderating role of process value
Authors: Lee Kiwon , Hyun Jonghan , Lee Youngmi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Fast food consumption is examined through the theoretical lens of the food consumption value model. Specifically, this study aims to examine whether process value moderates the impact of fast-food consumption value on consumer decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

Data is collected from 380 US consumers via a self-administered online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and moderated mediation analysis are used to test the relationships between fast-food consumption values (product value, location value, emotional value, social value and process value), attitude and behavioral intention.

Findings

Location value (physical and experiential environment of fast-food consumption) and emotional value (positive affect from fast-food consumption) of fast food positively influence behavioral intention through positive attitude toward fast food. Positive impact of product value (physical attributes of fast food) on behavioral intention through attitude is attenuated by process value (consumers’ level of concern on sustainability of fast-food production).

Practical implications

Fast-food restaurants should prioritize their investments in providing location value (e.g. pleasant restaurant atmosphere) and emotional value. It is also important to take caution in focusing too much on product value and consider investing more resources into implementing sustainable practices.

Originality/value

The consumption value-based approach not only updates previous understanding of fast-food consumption behavior but also offers insights on how consumers’ decision-making process is influenced by their perception toward sustainability issues of fast-food production.
Enhancing the strategic alignment between environmental drivers of sustainability and the performance management system in Italian manufacturing firms
Authors: Hristov Ivo , Appolloni Andrea , Cheng Wenjuan , Venditti Michelina
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide managers with suitable strategic KPIs in decision-making processes, which aim to integrate the environmental dimension of sustainability at a business level in manufacturing organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

In view of the research proposal addressed, semi-structured interviews were conducted, based on theoretical milestones of the performance management system (PMS), with 48 managers that work in Italian manufacturing firms and specialise in green practices.

Findings

The authors developed a novel environmentally performed framework to adequately integrate environmental value drivers at a strategic level.

Practical implications

The resulting issues addressed in this paper, and their integration in the business strategy for managing environmental complexity, allows contributing, firstly, to the existing literature by suggesting the relevant key value drivers that need to be mostly studied from an accounting point of view. In addition, from these results, though their experience managers will have up-to-date key measures that could, in the future, help the integration process between the environmental aspect of the sustainability dimension and the PMS.

Originality/value

The results generate a robust roadmap for future analysis in this research field. Accordingly, the paper engenders a strategic alignment in the green transition process, providing scholars and practitioners with a clear view of the key sustainable drivers, metrics and potential solutions that have not been addressed to date.
Numerical simulation to research the collision and skidding of rolling elements for cageless bearings
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Wu Chuanwang
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper uses numerical methods to investigate the collision and skidding of rolling elements in a cageless ball bearing. This paper aims to analyse the effects of the rotational speed and number of rolling elements on the rolling element collision and skidding.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on Hertzian theory and tribological theory, the collision contact model of the rolling element was established. Based on the proposed model, the differential equations of motion of the two degrees of freedom rolling element were constructed. The fourth-order Adams algorithm solved the collision contact force between the rolling elements. The sliding velocity between the rolling element and the inner and outer races was calculated.

Findings

The collision frequency and slip of rolling elements can be reduced by increasing the rotational speed appropriately and reducing the number of rolling elements by one.

Originality/value

The developed model can reveal the collision and slip characteristics of the rolling elements for cageless bearings. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design and manufacture of cageless ball bearings.
Analyzing the causal nexus between CO2 emissions and its determinants in India: evidences from ARDL and EKC approach
Authors: Itoo Haider Hassan , Ali Nazim
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The present study is a novel attempt to measure the impact of population growth, natural resource depletion, non-renewable energy consumption, growth of national income, remittances inflow and industrial output on carbon dioxide emissions in India during the period of 1980–2018.

Design/methodology/approach

Autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) is used to achieve the objective. The application of FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least squares), DOLS (dynamic ordinary least squares) and CCR (canonical cointegrating regression) techniques illustrate statistical robustness.

Findings

The long-run ARDL results confirm that increase in population, national income and energy consumption have a positive and significant impact on pollution levels in India. In contradiction to this, long run results further reveal that the increase in natural resource depletion, industrial output and remittances inflow have insignificant and negative impact on pollution levels in India. Further, the empirical findings did not find any evidence for the applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in India during the study period.

Research limitations/implications

The study is confined to only a few important determinants of CO2 emissions in India. However, there is a large chunk of studies that have incorporated other determinants of CO2 emissions. Specifying a few determinants of CO2 emissions in India is itself a lacuna in the present study. Moreover, taking the time period from 1980 to 2018 is also one of the limitations of the study.

Practical implications

Plenty of research has been devoted to the causal relationship between the environment and its various determinants. However, not much attention has been paid to investigating the association between population growth, natural resource depletion, energy consumption, GDP per capita, remittances inflow, industry and carbon dioxide emissions in India. Since, CO2 emissions are one of the widely accepted and applied emissions in EKC applications, which the present study intends to test. Moreover, the study employs advanced econometric techniques including ARDL framework, FMOLS, DOLS and CRR methodologies to achieve robust results. Such an investigation will potentially allow policymakers to frame efficient environmental and fiscal policies to achieve the desired results.

Originality/value

The continuous increase of CO2 emissions in India has compelled policy makers to prioritize this issue as soon as possible and formulate national environmental policy for reducing the share of carbon dioxides emissions in climate change. The study could constitute the focus of future research.
Innovation underperformance, socioemotional wealth and de-familization in family firms
Authors: Zhong Xi , Ren Liuyang , Ren Ge
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The phenomenon of defamilization of family firms is gradually increasing for the growth of family firms, that is, nonfamily executives are increasingly present in the executive teams of family firms. Although previous scholars have identified various determinants of family firms' defamilization, whether and when innovation underperformance affects the decision to defamilize family firms has not been explore. This study aims to fill the aforementioned research gaps.

Design/methodology/approach

This study empirically tests the theoretical view based on the data of Chinese A-share family listed companies from 2009 to 2017.

Findings

The authors found that innovation underperformance drives family companies to increase the percentage of nonfamily executives in their executive teams. Further, the authors found that family firms are less willing to hire nonfamily executives with an increase in socioemotional wealth, particularly when founders of such businesses serve as directors or are major shareholders, even when they are not directors.

Originality/value

This study shows that innovation underperformance and socioemotional wealth are important predictors of family firms’ defamilization decisions.
Tourism seasonality: the causes and effects
Authors: Zvaigzne Anda , Litavniece Lienite , Dembovska Iveta
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The aim of the paper is to examine and analyse the thematic literature on tourism seasonality and the causes and effects thereof.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a review of scientific and theoretical research by various authors on tourism seasonality, in order to systematically analyse the causes and effects of the seasonal patterns in tourism activity.

Findings

Seasonality is one of the most important features of tourism demand, and it has a significant effect on many aspects of the tourism industry. The literature review suggests that tourism seasonality is caused by natural and anthropogenic factors that have a very significant bearing on the geographical location of a tourist destination, as well as institutional and economic factors. Assessments of the effects of seasonality in the scientific literature differ. The effects of seasonality analysed in the relevant literature can be divided into four major categories: economic, employment, social and cultural as well as ecological.

Originality/value

The paper presents a systematic literature review on tourism seasonality and the causes and effects thereof.
Utility of chloroplast DNA haplotype data for ecological restoration using Fagus crenata seedlings in case of incomplete seed source information availability
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Goto Susumu , Fukuda Yoko , Watanabe Atsushi
Published: August 2022

Forest trees species are often genetically adapted to local environmental conditions. Therefore, local seeds are recommended for ecological restoration. However, seedlings of broad‐leaved tree species, such as Japanese beech (Fagus crenata), are limited in their commercial seedling production in Japan. Thus, long‐distance transfer of seeds and/or seedlings is common. F. crenata's distinct geographical structure is well known; large‐scale seed transfer may increase the risk of genetic disturbance. Several provenance trials of the species revealed that phenotypic traits such as leaf area and bud flush date differed latitudinally and/or between the Pacific Ocean side and the Japan Sea side. We investigated leaf size and bud flush date and identified the chloroplast DNA haplotype of trees planted in two provenance trials established in Hokkaido, Japan. We then examined whether cpDNA haplotype information is useful as a proxy in ecological restoration when using seedlings with incomplete seed source information. This study indicated that suitable seedlings could be selected based on chloroplast DNA haplotype information in F. crenata in the case of incomplete seed source information.
A designed plasmid‐transition strategy enables rapid construction of robust and versatile synthetic exoelectrogens for environmental applications
Authors: Fan Yang‐Yang , Tang Qiang , Sun Hong , Yu Han‐Qing
Published: August 2022

Genetic engineering is promising to expand the application scope of exoelectrogens in energy and environmental applications and plasmid vectors, as one type of fundamental tool, are intensively applied. Antibiotics are widely utilized for plasmid selection and maintenance; however, their utilization suffers from environmental concerns on the spread of resistance genes, elevated costs, inevitable genotypic instability and phenotypic heterogeneity. In this work, we establish an auxotrophic complementation system for stable plasmid maintenance without antibiotic association, in Shewanella oneidensis, an attractive model exoelectrogen. A plasmid‐transition strategy is designed to facilitate the rapid and efficient construction of the auxotrophic complementation system. Such a system not only enables the same intensive gene expression as the conventional antibiotic‐associated plasmid system but also exhibits remarkably superior robustness and stability. With this system, the menaquinone pool of the extracellular respiratory chain is enhanced first independently and further synergized by engineering the Mtr conduit, leading to significantly promoted extracellular electron transfer (EET) outputs (up to 10.33‐ and 2.97‐fold improvement in the maximum current density and the maximum output voltage) and heavy metal Cr(VI) reduction ability (5.15‐fold improvement). This work provides a robust and stable platform to engineer exoelectrogens for environmental applications.
Consent and mutuality in sex education
Authors: Hand Michael
Published: August 2022

Sharon Lamb, Sam Gable and Doret de Ruyter have recently argued that sex education in schools should promote a more demanding standard for morally permissible sex than consent. On their view, pupils should be taught that morally permissible sex is not only consensual but also mutual, where mutuality requires participants in sex to ‘try to know what is knowable’ about each other. I argue here that, while Lamb et al. are right about the insufficiency of consent, the case for mutuality as a standard of moral permissibility cannot be sustained. Mutuality fares better as a standard of moral desirability, but even in this weaker form, it is too controversial to promote in schools.
Antioxidant, lipase and ACE‐inhibitory properties of camel lactoferrin and its enzymatic hydrolysates
Authors: Oussaief Olfa , Jrad Zeineb , Adt Isabelle , Kaddes Khaoula , Khorchani Touhami , Degraeve Pascal , El Hatmi Halima
Published: August 2022

The antioxidant and the lipase and the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of camel lactoferrin and its hydrolysates elaborated with four proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, α‐chymotrypsin, pancreatin and papain) were assessed. Lactoferrin was purified from camel colostrum using cation exchange chromatography. Camel lactoferrin hydrolysates showed different degrees of hydrolysis, reverse phase‐HPLC profiles and molecular weight distributions, reflecting heterogeneity in terms of polarity and molecular weight of the generated peptides. Camel lactoferrin hydrolysates exhibited higher antioxidant, lipase and ACE inhibitory activities than native lactoferrin. Pancreatin‐generated hydrolysates showed the highest lipase inhibitory activity (48.1%), while papain‐generated hydrolysates presented the greatest ACE inhibitory activity (89.14%).
Treatment for cephalic arch stenosis with cephalic vein to external jugular vein bridging graft
Authors: Xia Lianghong , Chen Jianguo , Ye Youxin
Published: August 2022

Aim

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or cephalic vein transposition to the axillary vein is mainly used for treatment of cephalic arch stenosis, a common complication of brachiocephalic fistulas. However, the results of such interventions have been disappointing.

Methods

We used a polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis with a 6 mm diameter to bridge the cephalic vein and the ipsilateral external jugular vein, and successfully created a new drainage outlet and established immediate restoration of flow through brachiocephalic fistulas.

Results

This surgery allowed the cephalic venous arch and subclavian vein, which are vulnerable to stenosis, to be bypassed altogether and the puncture segment could be elongated by about 20 cm.

Conclusion

It is a safe and effective alternative to traditional methods of treatment for cephalic arche stenosis.
Comet assay for quantification of the increased DNA damage burden in primary human chondrocytes with aging and osteoarthritis
Authors: Copp Michaela E. , Chubinskaya Susan , Bracey Daniel N. , Shine Jacqueline , Sessions Garrett , Loeser Richard F. , Diekman Brian O.
Published: August 2022

It is known that chondrocytes from joints with osteoarthritis (OA) exhibit high levels of DNA damage, but the degree to which chondrocytes accumulate DNA damage during “normal aging” has not been established. The goal of this study was to quantify the DNA damage present in chondrocytes obtained from cadaveric donors of a wide age range, and to compare the extent of this damage to OA chondrocytes. The alkaline comet assay was used to measure the DNA damage in normal cartilage from the ankle (talus) and the knee (femur) of cadaveric donors, as well as in OA chondrocytes obtained at the time of total knee replacement. Chondrocytes from younger donors (<45 years) had less DNA damage than older donors (>70 years) as assessed by the percentage of DNA in the comet “tail”. In donors between 50 and 60 years old, there was increased DNA damage in chondrocytes from OA cartilage as compared to cadaveric. Talar chondrocytes from 23 donors between the ages of 34 and 78 revealed a linear increase in DNA damage with age (R2 = 0.865, p < 0.0001). A “two‐tailed” comet assay was used to demonstrate that most of the accumulated damage is in the form of strand breaks as opposed to alkali‐labile base damage. Chondrocytes from young donors required 10 Gy irradiation to recapitulate the DNA damage present in chondrocytes from older donors. Given the potential for DNA damage to contribute to chondrocyte dysfunction and senescence, this study supports the investigation of mechanisms by which hypo‐replicative cell types accumulate high levels of damage.
Comprehensive analysis of discharge reasons from methadone outpatient treatment programs
Authors: Andraka‐Christou Barbara , Totaram Rachel , Nguyen Thuy D.
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

Methadone treatment (MT) for opioid use disorder is only available in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the United States, with retention predictive of positive health outcomes. OTP discharge reason information is needed to develop interventions for facilitating MT retention. We sought to identify discharge reason frequencies and associations between discharge reasons and facility/county‐level characteristics.

Methods

We examined annual OTP discharge reasons for all Florida OTPs from 2014 to 2017 (n = 44,774 discharges). We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine associations between patients’ discharge reasons and (1) facility‐level characteristics (e.g., size, funding type) and (2) county‐level characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, overdose rates).

Results

Lost contact was the most common discharge reason (29%). Only 11% of patients were discharged for treatment completion, with the proportion one‐third as low in privately versus publicly‐funded OTPs (p < .001). Privately‐funded OTPs had a patient share self‐terminating treatment against medical advice about 3.5 times higher than publicly‐funded OTPs. Inability to pay accounted for 7% of OTP discharges. Noncompliant discharges represented 6% and were more common in counties with larger proportions of Black residents (p < .01). Counties with higher drug overdose rates had significantly more discharges for noncompliance or self‐terminating against medical advice (p < .01 and p < .05).

Discussion and Conclusions

Statewide differences in discharge reasons exist between publicly and privately‐funded OTPs, possibly reflecting differences in funding incentives and state oversight. State agencies should develop consistent approaches for collecting/reporting discharge reasons.

Scientific Significance

Our study is the first to examine the relationship between OTP funding type and discharge reasons.
Isolation and characterization of uterine leukocytes collected using a uterine swab technique
Authors: Parasar Parveen , Bernard Matthew , Ahn Soo Hyun , Kshirsagar Sarika K. , Nguyen Sean L. , Grzesiak Geoffrey R. , Vettathu Mathew , Martin Denny , Petroff Margaret G.
Published: August 2022

Problem

Leukocytes from the maternal‐fetal interface are a valuable tool to study local changes in immune function during pregnancy; however, sampling can be challenging due to inadequate tissue availability and the invasive nature of placental bed biopsy. Here, we aim to purify and characterize leukocytes from paired peripheral and uterine blood samples to assess whether a less invasive method of uterine blood collection could yield a population of enriched uterine leukocytes suitable for ex vivo and in vitro analyses.

Method of Study

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and uterine blood mononuclear cells (UBMC) expressed from surgical gauze post C‐section were isolated, and immunophenotypic information was acquired by multi‐parameter flow cytometry. PBMC and UBMC were stained for markers used to define T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, regulatory T (TReg) cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Prime flow was performed to check expression and analysis of CD16–CD56++ and CD16–CD56++ NK transcripts in PBMC and UBMC samples.

Results

Immunophenotyping revealed that over 95% of both live PBMC and UBMC consisted of CD45+ leukocytes. Higher percentages of CD16–CD56++, characterized as uterine NK (uNK) cells, were observed in UBMC samples as compared to PBMC samples (18.41% of CD45+CD3– vs. 2.73%, respectively), suggesting that CD16–CD56++ cells were enriched in these samples. In UBMC, 49.64% of CD3‐negative cells were of peripheral NK phenotype (CD16+CD56++), suggesting infiltration of maternal peripheral NK (pNK) cell in the uterine interface.

Conclusion

Intrauterine leukocytes, especially CD16–CD56++ NK cells, can be collected in sufficient numbers with increased purity by sampling the uterine cavity postdelivery with surgical gauze. Our results suggest that this non‐invasive protocol is a useful sampling technique for isolating CD16–CD56++ cells, however, due to peripheral blood contamination, the NK cell yield could be lower compared to actual decidual or endometrial samples post‐partum which is more invasive.
Time in Office and the Changing Gender Gap in Dishonesty: Evidence from Local Politics in India
Authors: Chaudhuri Ananish , Iversen Vegard , Jensenius Francesca R. , Maitra Pushkar
Published: August 2022

Increasing the share of women in politics is often promoted as a means to reduce corruption. Recent studies indicate the importance of considering the gender gap in corruption as a dynamic, rather than static, phenomenon. Our study combines data from surveys and incentivized behavioral games among 400 inexperienced and experienced local politicians in West Bengal, India. We find no gender gap in attitudes toward corruption. However, in incentivized games, inexperienced female politicians are more honest than their male counterparts. No such gender gap exists among experienced politicians. Drawing on a theoretical discussion of four possible mechanisms, we find that the apparent increase in dishonest behavior among female politicians is associated with lower risk aversion and stronger political networks. Our findings indicate that women, like men, are socialized into their local political culture and that benefits from changing who is elected may be short‐lived unless that culture is also changed.
Editorial: IBD and the risk of dementia ‐ the jury is still out
Authors: Lima Camila Cunha Gonzaga , Peerani Farhad
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rønnow et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17119
Editorial: slow progress to optimising H. pylori eradication treatment with antisecretory drugs
Authors: Gisbert Javier P. , Hunt Richard H.
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Ang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17070 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17167
Editorial: earning potential in paediatric‐onset IBD—a complex interplay
Authors: Henderson Paul
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Malmborg et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17148
Editorial: tripartite motif 26 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication and its genetic polymorphism predicts response to interferon treatment—towards a better understanding of interferon responsiveness in chronic hepatitis B. Authors' reply
Authors: Luo Mengqi , Jiang De‐Ke
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Luo et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17124 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17159
The effects of labelling and health identity on subjective health
Authors: Jeon Hee Jin , Ratner Kaylin , Wang Qi
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Labels are used to describe people every day, and these labels can affect people's subjective health. However, little is known about how existing health identity (i.e., stable identification with being a healthy person) shapes these effects. This study examined the effect of health‐related labelling on subjective health, and the potential role of existing health identity in moderating this association.

Methods

Participants (N = 309) first answered questions related to their health identity, namely, the extent to which they identified with being a healthy person. Next, they were presented with a series of scenarios reflecting healthy (n = 154) or unhealthy (n = 155) labels. Participants' subjective health ratings were then measured using a self‐report scale ranging from (0) “Worst health among age” to (100) “Best health among age.”

Results

Beyond chronological age effects, exposure to healthy labels was associated with higher ratings of subjective health. Participants with a greater health identity showed an amplified positive response to being labelled a healthy person.

Conclusions

Social‐cognitive processes, both in terms of stable identity and situational labelling, inform subjective health. These perceptions may impact actual health downstream. Our results suggest that health identity and health‐related labels may be used in future interventions to bolster objective health outcomes.
Impact of intratumoural CD96 expression on clinical outcome and therapeutic benefit in gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Chang , Fang Hanji , Gu Yun , Yu Kuan , Wang Jieti , Lin Chao , Zhang Heng , Li He , He Hongyong , Liu Hao , Li Ruochen
Published: August 2022

CD96 was identified as a novel immune checkpoint. However, the role of CD96 in the gastric cancer (GC) microenvironment remains fragmentary. This study aimed to probe the clinical significance of CD96 to predict prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness, and to reveal the immune contexture and genomic features correlated to CD96 in GC patients. We enrolled 496 tumor microarray specimens of GC patients from Zhongshan Hospital (ZSHS) for immunohistochemical analyses. Four hundred and twelve GC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 61 GC patients treated with pembrolizumab from ERP107734 published in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) were gathered for further analysis of the association between CD96+ cell infiltration and immune contexture, molecular characteristics, and genomic features by CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves, the Cox model, interaction testing, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. High CD96+ cell infiltration predicted poor prognosis and inferior survival benefits from fluorouracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy in the ZSHS cohort whereas superior therapeutic responsiveness to pembrolizumab was shown in the ENA cohort. CD96‐enriched tumors showed an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment featured by exhausted CD8+ T‐cell infiltration in both the ZSHS and TCGA cohorts. Moreover, in silico analysis for the TCGA cohort revealed that several biomarker‐targeted pathways displayed significantly elevated enrichment levels in the CD96 high subgroup. This study elucidated that CD96 might drive an immunosuppressive contexture with CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion and represent an independent adverse prognosticator in GC. CD96 could potentially be a novel biomarker for precision medicine of adjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies in GC.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline stilbene derivatives as potential antitumor candidates
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Jie , Yuan Ming , Miao Yuchen , Zhang Hui , Zhang Junjie
Published: August 2022

Herein, a novel class of tetrahydroisoquinoline stilbene derivatives were synthesized, and their potential in vitro anticancer activities were evaluated. Most of the compounds displayed inhibitory activity against one or more representative human cancer cell lines (lung cancer A549 cells, breast cancer MCF‐7 cells, and human colorectal carcinoma HT‐29 cells), especially compound 16e, which exhibited outstanding cytotoxicity to A549 cells. The tubulin polymerization assay demonstrated that compound 16e displayed better inhibition than colchicine when tested at the same concentration. It was found that 16e arrested A549 cells in G2/M phase by downregulating the expression of cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) and upregulating the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin B1. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis indicated that 16e caused apoptosis via the mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing ROS accumulation, promoting the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and further increasing the protein level of cleaved caspase‐3. This work may inspire new ideas for the further improvement of tubulin‐related anticancer drugs and treatments.
A longitudinal study of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity during adolescence
Authors: Leeder J. Steven , Gaedigk Andrea , Wright Krista J. , Staggs Vincent S. , Soden Sarah E. , Lin Yvonne S. , Pearce Robin E.
Published: August 2022

CYP2D6 substrates are among the most highly prescribed medications in teenagers and also commonly associated with serious adverse events. To investigate the relative contributions of genetic variation, growth, and development on CYP2D6 activity during puberty, healthy children and adolescents 7–15 years of age at enrollment participated in a longitudinal phenotyping study involving administration of 0.3 mg/kg dextromethorphan (DM) and 4‐h urine collection every 6 months for 3 years (7 total visits). At each visit, height, weight, and sexual maturity were recorded, and CYP2D6 activity was determined as the urinary molar ratio of DM to its metabolite dextrorphan (DX). A total of 188 participants completed at least one visit, and 102 completed all seven study visits. Following univariate analysis, only CYP2D6 activity score (p < 0.001), urinary pH (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.018), and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis (p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with log(DM/DX). Results of linear mixed model analysis with random intercept, random slope covariance structure revealed that CYP2D6 activity score had the strongest effect on log(DM/DX), with model‐estimated average log(DM/DX) being 3.8 SDs higher for poor metabolizers than for patients with activity score 3. A moderate effect on log(DM/DX) was observed for sex, and smaller effects were observed for ADHD diagnosis and urinary pH. The log(DM/DX) did not change meaningfully with age or pubertal development. CYP2D6 genotype remains the single, largest determinant of variability in CYP2D6 activity during puberty. Incorporation of genotype‐based dosing guidelines should be considered for CYP2D6 substrates given the prevalent use of these agents in this pediatric age group.
Identification of UBA1 as the causative gene of an X‐linked non‐Kennedy spinal–bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Khani Marzieh , Nafissi Shahriar , Shamshiri Hosein , Moazzeni Hamidreza , Taheri Hanieh , Sadeghi Mehdi , Salehi Najmeh , Chitsazian Fereshteh , Elahi Elahe
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose

Spinal–bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) (Kennedy's disease) is a motor neuron disease. Kennedy's disease is nearly exclusively caused by mutations in the androgen receptor encoding gene (AR). The results of studies aimed at identification of the genetic cause of a disease that best approximates SBMA in a pedigree (four patients) without mutations in AR are reported.

Methods

Clinical investigations included thorough neurological and non‐neurological examinations and testing. Genetic analysis was performed by exome sequencing using standard protocols. UBA1 mutations were modeled on the crystal structure of UBA1.

Results

The clinical features of the patients are described in detail. A missense mutation in UBA1 (c.T1499C; p.Ile500Thr) was identified as the probable cause of the non‐Kennedy SBMA in the pedigree. Like AR, UBA1 is positioned on chromosome X. UBA1 is a highly conserved gene. It encodes ubiquitin‐like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) which is the major E1 enzyme of the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Interestingly, UBA1 mutations can also cause infantile‐onset X‐linked spinal muscular atrophy (XL‐SMA). The mutation identified here and the XL‐SMA causative mutations were shown to affect amino acids positioned in the vicinity of UBA1's ATP binding site and to cause structural changes.

Conclusion

UBA1 was identified as a novel SBMA causative gene. The gene affects protein homeostasis which is one of most important components of the pathology of neurodegeneration. The contribution of this same gene to the etiology of XL‐SMA is discussed.
Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between motor and psychiatric symptoms in idiopathic dystonia
Authors: Bailey Grace A. , Rawlings Anna , Torabi Fatemeh , Pickrell William Owen , Peall Kathryn J.
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose

Although psychiatric diagnoses are recognized in idiopathic dystonia, no previous studies have examined the temporal relationship between idiopathic dystonia and psychiatric diagnoses at scale. Here, we determine rates of psychiatric diagnoses and psychiatric medication prescription in those diagnosed with idiopathic dystsuponia compared to matched controls.

Methods

A longitudinal population‐based cohort study using anonymized electronic health care data in Wales (UK) was conducted to identify individuals with idiopathic dystonia and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses/prescriptions between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2017. Psychiatric diagnoses/prescriptions were identified from primary and secondary health care records.

Results

Individuals with idiopathic dystonia (n = 52,589) had higher rates of psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric medication prescription when compared to controls (n = 216,754, 43% vs. 31%, p < 0.001; 45% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001, respectively), with depression and anxiety being most common (cases: 31% and 28%). Psychiatric diagnoses predominantly predated dystonia diagnosis, particularly in the 12 months prior to diagnosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9–2.1), with an IRR of 12.4 (95% CI = 11.8–13.1) for anxiety disorders. There was, however, an elevated rate of most psychiatric diagnoses throughout the study period, including the 12 months after dystonia diagnosis (IRR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.85–2.07).

Conclusions

This study suggests a bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disorders and dystonia, particularly with mood disorders. Psychiatric and motor symptoms in dystonia may have common aetiological mechanisms, with psychiatric disorders potentially forming prodromal symptoms of idiopathic dystonia.
International consensus recommendations for management of new onset refractory status epilepticus including febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome: Statements and supporting evidence
Authors: Wickstrom Ronny , Taraschenko Olga , Dilena Robertino , Payne Eric T. , Specchio Nicola , Nabbout Rima , Koh Sookyong , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. ,   the International NORSE Consensus Group
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study was undertaken to develop consensus‐based recommendations for the management of adult and pediatric patients with new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE)/febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) based on best evidence and experience.

Methods

The Delphi methodology was followed. A facilitator group of nine experts was established, who defined the scope, users, and suggestions for recommendations. Following a review of the current literature, recommendation statements concerning diagnosis, treatment, and research directions were generated, which were then rated on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) by a panel of 48 experts in the field. Consensus that a statement was appropriate was reached if the median score was ≥7 and inappropriate if the median score was ≤3. The analysis of evidence was mapped to the results of each statement included in the Delphi survey.

Results

Overall, 85 recommendation statements achieved consensus. The recommendations are divided into five sections: (1) disease characteristics; (2) diagnostic testing and sampling; (3) acute treatment; (4) treatment in the postacute phase; and (5) research, registries, and future directions in NORSE/FIRES. The detailed results and discussion of all 85 statements are outlined herein. A corresponding summary of findings and practical flowsheets are presented in a companion article.

Significance

This detailed analysis offers insight into the supporting evidence and the current gaps in the literature that are associated with expert consensus statements related to NORSE/FIRES. The recommendations generated by this consensus can be used as a guide for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with NORSE/FIRES, and for planning of future research.
CEMIP (HYBID, KIAA1199): structure, function and expression in health and disease
Authors: Spataro Sofia , Guerra Concetta , Cavalli Andrea , Sgrignani Jacopo , Sleeman Jonathan , Poulain Lina , Boland Andreas , Scapozza Leonardo , Moll Solange , Prunotto Marco
Published: August 2022

CEMIP (cell migration‐inducing protein), also known as KIAA1199 or HYBID, is a protein involved in the depolymerisation of hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix. CEMIP was originally described in patients affected by nonsyndromic hearing loss and has subsequently been shown to play a key role in tumour initiation and progression, as well as arthritis, atherosclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite the vast literature associating CEMIP with these diseases, its biology remains elusive. The present review article summarises all the major scientific evidence regarding its structure, function, role and expression, and attempts to cast light on a protein that modulates EMT, fibrosis and tissue inflammation, an unmet key aspect in several inflammatory disease conditions.
Large‐scale reforestation can increase water yield and reduce drought risk for water‐insecure regions in the Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Teo Hoong Chen , Raghavan Srivatsan V. , He Xiaogang , Zeng Zhenzhong , Cheng Yanyan , Luo Xiangzhong , Lechner Alex M. , Ashfold Matthew J. , Lamba Aakash , Sreekar Rachakonda , Zheng Qiming , Chen Anping , Koh Lian Pin
Published: August 2022

Large‐scale reforestation can potentially bring both benefits and risks to the water cycle, which needs to be better quantified under future climates to inform reforestation decisions. We identified 477 water‐insecure basins worldwide accounting for 44.6% (380.2 Mha) of the global reforestation potential. As many of these basins are in the Asia‐Pacific, we used regional coupled land‐climate modeling for the period 2041–2070 to reveal that reforestation increases evapotranspiration and precipitation for most water‐insecure regions over the Asia‐Pacific. This resulted in a statistically significant increase in water yield (p < .05) for the Loess Plateau–North China Plain, Yangtze Plain, Southeast China, and Irrawaddy regions. Precipitation feedback was influenced by the degree of initial moisture limitation affecting soil moisture response and thus evapotranspiration, as well as precipitation advection from other reforested regions and moisture transport away from the local region. Reforestation also reduces the probability of extremely dry months in most of the water‐insecure regions. However, some regions experience nonsignificant declines in net water yield due to heightened evapotranspiration outstripping increases in precipitation, or declines in soil moisture and advected precipitation.