bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los derechos humanos en la teología de Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Rosillo Martínez Alejandro
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 27, No. 79, 2010: 41-68.
La fe
Authors: Lucchetti Bingemer María Clara
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 27, No. 80, 2010: 175-193.
En diálogo con Benedicto XVI
Authors: González Faus José Ignacio
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 28, No. 82, 2011: 15-44.
Al servicio de la fraternidad humana. Profecía y sabiduría de la tradición de Jesús de Nazaret
Authors: Vitoria Cormenzana Francisco Javier
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 28, No. 82, 2011: 83-99.
Vaticano II, cincuenta años después
Authors: Comblin José
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 28, No. 84, 2011: 271-281.
Zubiri y la encarnación del Verbo de Dios (II)
Authors: Gudiel Hugo
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 29, No. 87, 2012: 299-328.
Comparative analysis, design and optimisation of a 48 channel DWDM system using various design parameters
Authors:   , Mohan Jerrin Zachariah
Published: July 2021

In the current era, there is an ever-growing demand for data hungry applications and services that need large amounts of bandwidth to send digital information at very high speeds. In order to meet this challenge for higher bandwidth capacity, Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is used as the strategy to transmit multiple high-bit rate channels at extremely narrow channel spacings over a single fiber core. However, this gives rise to detrimental transmission impairments such as linear effects and non-linear effects. The dissertation minimises the impairments by optimally designing a new DWDM system that produces a detectable and acceptable quality of signal at the receiver. In this dissertation, a comparative analysis is performed on the simulative design of a 48-channel DWDM system that has a 25 Gb/s bit rate and a 100 km transmission distance. The research mitigates the effects of transmission impairments such that an error-free matched communication link is produced for equally spaced (ES) channels of 100 GHz, 50 GHz, 25 GHZ and 12.5 GHz and 6.25 GHz. Various design parameters are used to create the comparative analysis model to optimise the 48 channel DWDM network. The design is simulated using the Optisystem simulation platform and the signal analysis is based on the bit error rate (BER) and quality (Q) factor of the received signal’s eye diagrams. It is established in the desertion that modified networks with matched active components has ES frequency channels that are aligned to each other and has a higher optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) than mismatched networks. The maximum signal power and OSNR of the 3-erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-post symmetric compensation technique is always higher than the 1-EDFA post compensation technique for all channel spacings in any type of network. Modified duobinary return to zero (MDRZ) when compared to non-return to zero (NRZ) and return to zero (RZ) has a greater dispersion tolerance, higher fiber non-linearity tolerance and a higher acceptable signal transmission over longer distances with the least amount of errors. The optimised design parameter configurations produce the highest signal performance (highest Q factor > 6 and lowest BER > 10-9) and the highest bandwidth efficiency for the RZ Modulation (at 100 GHz, 50 GHz and 25 GHz channel spacings) and MDRZ Modulation (at 12.5 and 6.25 GHz channel spacing).
On some results of agroecological monitoring of soils and land resources of the Russian Federation in 2019
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of long-term agroecological monitoring of the state of Russian land resources: the dynamics of changes in agrochemical and physico-chemical indicators, the content of organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition of plants in soils; crop productivity; contamination of soils and products with residual amounts of pesticides, oil and petroleum products, heavy metals, nitrates, radionuclides; the problems of erosion and reclamation of agricultural land are highlighted. Ключевые слова: AGROECOLOGICAL MONITORING, HUMUS, MOBILE PHOSPHORUS, EXCHANGE POTASSIUM, ACIDITY, CHEMICAL RECLAMATION, LIMING, PHOSPHORIZATION, GYPSUM, PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS, YIELD, FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDE RESIDUES, OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HEAVY METALS, NITRATES, WATER AND WIND EROSION OF SOILS, LAND RECLAMATION
Expressive writing in patients with depressive disorder: Narrative analysis
Authors:   Národní ústav duševního zdraví, Říha Daniel , Ševčíková Marcela , Kvapilová Justýna , Preiss Marek
Published: July 2021

Objectives. The research aims to capture the properties of the narrative structure in the texts of expressive writing in patients with depressive disorder. Sample and settings. Expressive Writing (EW) was administered to 22 patients (15 women, 7 men) at the beginning of hospitalization at a psychiatric clinic and five weeks thereafter. Research questions. What are the characteristics of the narrative structure of EWs in patients with depression? How does this structure develop during treatment? Data analysis. EWs were analysed using narrative analysis following these five basic outputs: 1) Themes, 2) Acting, 3) Values and beliefs, 4) An image of self and others, and 5) Reflection and perspective. Results. The analysis shows that the most thematically covered are categories of imprisonment in illness, fears for the future, relationships. These themes form a basis for the values and beliefs captured. The image of self in others is burdened with feelings of hopelessness, misfortune, and illness; patients compare themselves to others they consider happy and healthy. Acting is not accentuated due to the lack of strength and will to act. In this category, patients in remission exhibited an increase of acting in the 5th week after hospitalization. Limitations. The main limit of this study is the data collection method because EW does not allow to ask about certain aspects of the text and to elaborate some topics in depth.
Considerations in Selecting Turkey Bedding Materials
Authors: Grimes Jesse L. , Sharara Mahmoud , Kolar Praveen
Published: July 2021

The commercial turkey of today is a descendant of wild, then domesticated, turkeys from North America originating in regions of old Mexico. The modern commercial turkey enjoys a wide range of acceptance in many countries. Turkey production evolved rapidly from 1950 forward with many changes in production and management. It changed from range rearing to mostly total confinement. Rearing birds under increased density in confinement facilities has created both opportunities and challenges. Once confined, organic materials have been used as bedding (also referred to as litter). There have been many materials evaluated and used for bedding. Availability, cost, and bird performance were early key considerations. More recently, bird health and welfare are now important considerations as well. Optimal management programs of the modern turkey reared in confinement can be elusive and difficult to define. However, controlling litter moisture which aids in reducing ammonia and footpad dermatitis should be a key management component of confinement rearing. Therefore, bedding choice and litter management in turkey production require thoughtful consideration and active management.
Evaluating The Impact of Subsidies in Reducing Unemployment in Romania
Authors: POPESCU Madalina Ecaterina , LAZAR Maria Isadora , MURARU Andreea
Published: July 2021

Having in mind the importance of effective Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) to boost employment, this paper aims to provide an impact study on employment for three types of active labour market measures implemented in Romania. These measures address companies who employ graduates of education institutions or unemployed persons over 45 years old or with only 3 years left before retirement.
Educación inclusiva en niños de la educación inicial
Authors: Acosta Luís Dania , Álvarez Gutiérrez Marcela Leonor , Hernández Jara Peggy Verónica , Tablada Martínez Gilma , Díaz Chong Enrique de Jesús , Guevara Albán Gladys Patricia
Published: July 2021

Educación inclusiva en niños de educación inicial aborda dos estudios de casos de inicial 2. El primero se relaciona con estrategias didácticas en el desarrollo de aprendizaje personalizado. Para ello, se asume la teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje de Piaget y la teoría sociocultural de Vygotsky, que a partir de una sistematización se logró determinar sus puntos de contacto. En este estudio se ofrecen estrategias didácticas que estimulan la atención y el interés en los niños, todo lo cual, queda demostrado experimentalmente. El segundo aborda la influencia del uso de estrategias psicomotrices adaptativas en el desarrollo del aprendizaje significativo. En este sentido, es notorio destacar que se asume la teoría de aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel y se ofrecen ejercicios con estrategias psicomotrices que favorecen dicho aprendizaje en infantes con o sin discapacidad. Su factibilidad y validez interna quedaron demostradas en la comprobación empírica.
Gambaran Sanitasi Lingkungan di Terminal Kota Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai
Authors: Vebrianti Fitri , Kanan Maria , Syahrir Muhammad , Ramli Ramli , Sattu Marselina , Sakati Sandy Novryanto
Published: July 2021

Permasalahan sanitasi yang ada di negara berkembang disebabkan beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah minimnya perhatian dan prioritas yang diberikan oleh pemerintah atau dinas terkait pada sektor sanitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sanitasi lingkungan di terminal Kota Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh terminal yang ada di Kota Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai tahun 2020 yaitu berjumlah 2 terminal, adapun teknik pengambilan sampel secara total populasi. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 2.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari keseluruhan variabel yang di teliti sebagian besar belum memenuhi syarat. Saran bagi petugas terminal dan masyarakat untuk selalu menjaga dan merawat fasilitas yang ada di terminal agar fasilitas tersebut masih layak digunakan sebagaimana mestinya.
Sanitation problems that exist in developing countries are caused by several factors, including the lack of attention and priority given by the government or related agencies in the sanitation sector. This study aims to describe environmental sanitation in Luwuk City terminal, Banggai Regency. This type of research is descriptive. The population in this study were all terminals in Luwuk City, Banggai Regency in 2020, which amounted to 2 terminals, as for the total population sampling technique. Data analysis using SPSS version 2.0. The results showed that of the overall variables studied, most of them did not meet the requirements. Suggestions for terminal officers and the public to always maintain and care for existing facilities at the terminal so that these facilities are still suitable for use as they should.
Studi Ekologi Faktor Pejamu, Kondisi Fisik Hunian dan Pneumonia pada Balita Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2014-2017
Authors: Sari Meliana , Nur Ridza Fida Widia
Published: July 2021

Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah peringkat keempat dengan kasus pneumonia terbanyak di Indonesia. Walaupun setiap tahunnya mengalami penurunan kasus, cakupan penemuan kejadian pneumonia pada balita masih jauh berada di bawah target nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor pejamu dan kondisi hunian dengan kejadian pneumonia balita di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan melakukan analisis deskriptif data yang bersumber dari Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat dan BPS Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat Jawa Barat tahun 2014 – 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi kejadian pneumonia balita di Provinsi Jawa Barat cenderung fluktuatif. Variabel yang mengalami trend peningkatan adalah: cakupan imunisasi, BBLR, cakupan ASI eksklusif, jenis atap tidak memenuhi syarat. Sedangkan gizi buruk, kepadatan hunian, jenis dinding yang tidak memenuhi syarat dan jenis lantai yang tidak memenuhi syarat cendrung mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya antenatal care, pendampingan ibu selama kehamilan hingga masa pengasuhan bayi. Selain itu, kersediaan rumah sehat akan berperan dalam meminimalisir pneumonia pada balita.
West Java Province is the fourth ranked region with the most pneumonia cases in Indonesia. Although every year there is a decrease in cases, the coverage of finding pneumonia in children under five is still far below the national target. This study aims to determine the description of host factors and residential conditions with the incidence of pneumonia under five in West Java Province. This study uses an ecological study design by conducting a descriptive analysis data sourced from Health Profile of West Java Province and BPS West Java People's Welfare Statistics in 2014 – 2017. The results show that the frequency distribution of the incidence of pneumonia under five in West Java Province tends to fluctuate. Variables that experienced an increasing trend were: immunization coverage, LBW, exclusive breastfeeding coverage, bad type of roof. Meanwhile, poor nutrition, occupancy density, bad types of wall and floors are decrease trend. This study shows the importance of antenatal care, maternal assistance during pregnancy and the baby care period. In addition, healthy home will play a role in minimizing pneumonia in toddlers.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Dismenore Pada Siswi MAN 2 Bantul
Authors: Hendarni Wijaya Norra
Published: July 2021

Nyeri menstruasi (Dismenore) yaitu nyeri pada daerah panggul akibat menstruasi dan produksi zat prostagladin. Dismenore pada remaja putri banyak mengganggu aktivitas di sekolah. Rata-rata lebih dari 50% perempuan disetiap negara didunia mengalami nyeri menstruasi. Menurut hasil studi pendahuluan di MAN 2 Bantul Yogyakarta 9 dari 11 siswi pernah mengalami dismenore pada saat menstruasi. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian nyeri menstruasi (Dismenore) pada siswi MAN 2 Bantul Yogyakarta. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian survey analitik dengan pendektan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 312 siswi dengan jumlah sampel 76 siswi menggunakan rumus solvin. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji chi-square dan Kendall-tau. Hasil analisis data diperoleh hasil ada pengaruh usia menarche terhadap dismenore (p=0.007<0.05), tidak ada pengaruh siklus menstruasi terhadap dismenore (p=0.165>0.05), ada pengaruh riwayat keluarga terhadap dismenore (p=0.015<0.05) dan ada pengaruh aktivitas fisik/olahraga terhadap dismenore (p=0.022<0.05). Ada pengaruh faktor usia menarche, riwayat keluarga dan aktivitas fisik/olahraga terhadap kejadian nyeri menstruasi pada siswi MAN 2 Bantul. Dan tidak ada pengaruh siklus menstruasi terhadap kejadian nyeri menstruasi pada siswi MAN 2 Bantul.
Menstrual pain (Dysmenorrhea) is pain in the pelvic area caused by menstruation and the production of prostagladin. Dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls a lot of disturbing activities in school. An average of more than 50% of women in every country in the world experiencing menstrual pain. about According to the results of preliminary studies in MAN 2 Bantul Yogyakarta, 9 of the 11 students never experienced dysmenorrhea during menstruation. This study is to determine the factors that influence the incidence of menstrual pain (Dysmenorrhea) in students of MAN 2 Bantul Yogyakarta. Used in this research is analytic survey with pendektan cross-sectional. The study population total 312 students with a total sample of 76 students use the formula solvin. Research data analysis using chi-square test and Kendall tau. Result of Data analysis obtained results there is the influence of the age of menarche against dysmenorrhea (p=0.007<0.05), no effect of menstrual cycle against dysmenorrhea (p=0.165>0.05), there is the influence of family history of dysmenorrhea (p=0.015<0.05), and there is the influence of physical activity/exercise against dysmenorrhea (p=0.022<0.05). No influence of age of menarche, family history and physical activity/exercise on the incidence of menstrual pain in students of MAN 2 Bantul. And there is no influence of the menstrual cycle on the incidence of menstrual pain in students of MAN 2 Bantul.
Improving the professional competence of teachers as a condition for educating intercultural tolerance of primary school students
Authors:   Institute of education content modernization e-mail: nataliya.bessarab@gmail.com, Bessarab Nataliia
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes theoretical and applied pedagogical research on the introduction of tolerance in educational process and the definition of effective pedagogical conditions for education of tolerance of primary school children. A wide range of pedagogical technologies for improving professional competence of teachers in pedagogical practice focused on development of various components of tolerance, as well as aimed at forming multicultural, interethnic tolerance, used a set of methods, introductory lectures, training seminars, exercises. The importance of the problem of education of intercultural tolerance of junior schoolchildren in the educational process of primary school, the study of pedagogical experience, providing information to specialists in the field of primary education on theoretical issues of education of intercultural tolerance of this contingent of children is outlined. Organizational-informational, practical, effective stages in the process of increasing professional competence of teachers in educating intercultural tolerance of junior schoolchildren are determined.
Plan of work of a social teacher in a school for suicide prevention
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Khalitova I. , Atemkulova N. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

According to the suicidal state in the world, Kazakhstan ranks third after China and Russia. This situation among children and young people gives reason to think about the education of children in preschool age, especially in primary school. Starting from the youngest years, it is necessary to instill in their consciousness and sense of valuing their own life and the lives of others. In order to focus the attention of social educators on this problem, we offer a plan of work with students and their parents. An important way to overcome suicide and deviant behavior among adolescent children is, firstly, to provide preschool organizations with social teachers; secondly, to work with primary school students, to strengthen a separate social teacher; thirdly, to include an event on the prevention of suicide and deviant behavior among students in the work plan of a social teacher of small schools.
Dynamics of development of hardiness as a factor in the formation of successful activity in the population future teachers – psychologists
Authors:   M.Kozybaev North Kazakhstan University (Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan), Dyssembekova K.S. , Nagimjanova K.M. ,   "Turan-Astana" university e-mail: karakat_4@mail.ru
Published: July 2021

The article presents a systematic theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of «hardiness». The main components of hardiness and their relationship are described. Features of formation of successful activity in the course of students, hardiness are defined. The influence of the components of hardiness on the formation of successful activity is characterized. The results of an empirical study of the level of hardiness of future teachers – psychologists are presented. On the basis of empirical data and literature analysis, the model «Dynamics of the development of hardiness in future teachers – psychologist» is built. Attempts are made to concretize the accumulated theoretical experience about the phenomenon of hardiness and its connection with successful activity. The results of measuring the dynamics of the development of hardiness in future teachers – psychologists and the impact on the formation of their successful activities are presented.
А Content and forms of tests in mathematics. Requirements for the preparation of pedagogical tests
Authors:   Secondary school of the village of Garachala e-mail: ulfet8@yahoo.com, Adigоzalov U.
Published: July 2021

The article highlights important aspects of testing the educational activities of students. In the approach to the test methodology, diametrically opposed views are presented, and the author also expressed his opinion on this matter. The word "test" has been shown to have a broad meaning. However, the article notes that the main object of the research is the term "pedagogical test". The advantages of the test method are listed in order. The difference between the advantages and disadvantages of this method is noted. Among the advantages are the short duration of the test and its coverage of a wide student audience, objectivity, the ability to take into account the individual qualities of students. The article discusses the general requirements for the construction of tests, in connection with which the opinions of methodologists are given and analyzed. Among these examples, the main requirement for test organization was noted - validity. The concept of "validity" is explained. Not all test requirements are equally important - attention was also paid to this issue. The question of the general classification of tests was briefly touched upon. After that, test samples in mathematics were presented. During the presentation of the tests, the main focus was on non-standard tests. In our opinion, it is better to develop students' creative thinking with the help of non-standard tests. Finally, at the end, a conclusion was made, where a high assessment of educational activity was given using the test method.
Systemic definition of the concept of advanced education and its role in the formation of personality
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University (Baku, Azerbaijan), Rzayeva Kh.
Published: July 2021

The article attempts to reveal the essence of advanced education, notes the role of predictive studies, all aspects of the interpretation of the content are listed with reference to B.S. Gorshunsky. Particular attention is paid to the value aspect, since it is of a general nature, since the value of education is determined by the attitude of a person to his own education, and the attitude of the state and society to education does not always coincide. Pointing to the reasons for this attitude, the author focuses on literacy, education, professional competence as qualitative indicators of the educational results of an individual. The article also provides an overview of research by scholars who have made a great contribution to the development of value education. The author analyzes the concept of advanced professional pedagogical education as a methodological system for training future teachers and the process of its implementation, aimed at developing certain professional qualities of an individual, focused on the future needs of education, including technology teachers.
Family is the main institution of personality education
Authors:   Almaty multidisciplinary college e-mail: jannur.ablaevna@gmail.com, Kozhakhmetova Zh. , Nauryzbai Zere ,   Almaty multidisciplinary college, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

The article discusses one of the most important functions of the Kazakh family – education. Family education is defined as a kind of stable social institution, which is the closeness of people, kinship, life together, which contributes to the formation and development of relations between family members. These relationships also have the advantages of family education and cannot be replaced by any other type of parenting. Family upbringing is a system of upbringing and education, provided under the influence of parents and other relatives in a real family situation. The personal example of parents and adults plays a special role in fostering good behavior in a child. Family education is a dynamically developing branch of pedagogical science, an integral part and subject of individual education. Family education – describes the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities on the general and methodological foundations of family education in the system of spiritual, moral and social values, the content and methods of family education, ways of effectively organizing family education, raising and improving children, as well as improving quality.
Aqueous-phase reactive species formed by fine particulate matter from remote forests and polluted urban air
Authors: Tong Haijie , Liu Fobang , Filippi Alexander , Wilson Jake , Arangio Andrea M. , Zhang Yun , Yue Siyao , Lelieveld Steven , Shen Fangxia , Keskinen Helmi-Marja K. , Li Jing , Chen Haoxuan , Zhang Ting , Hoffmann Thorsten , Fu Pingqing , Brune William H. , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Yao Maosheng , Berkemeier Thomas , Shiraiwa Manabu , Pöschl Ulrich
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In the aqueous phase, fine particulate matter can form reactive species (RS)
that influence the aging, properties, and health effects of atmospheric
aerosols. In this study, we explore the RS yields of aerosol samples from
a remote forest (Hyytiälä, Finland) and polluted urban locations
(Mainz, Germany; Beijing, China), and we relate the RS yields to different
chemical constituents and reaction mechanisms. Ultra-high-resolution mass
spectrometry was used to characterize organic aerosol composition, electron
paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with a spin-trapping technique was
applied to determine the concentrations of ⚫OH,
O2⚫-, and carbon- or oxygen-centered organic radicals, and
a fluorometric assay was used to quantify H2O2. The aqueous
H2O2-forming potential per mass unit of ambient PM2.5
(particle diameter < 2.5 µm) was roughly the same for all
investigated samples, whereas the mass-specific yields of radicals were
lower for sampling sites with higher concentrations of PM2.5. The
abundances of water-soluble transition metals and aromatics in ambient
PM2.5 were positively correlated with the relative fraction of
⚫OH and negatively correlated with the relative fraction of
carbon-centered radicals. In contrast, highly oxygenated organic molecules
(HOM) were positively correlated with the relative fraction of
carbon-centered radicals and negatively correlated with the relative
fraction of ⚫OH. Moreover, we found that the relative fractions
of different types of radicals formed by ambient PM2.5 were comparable
to surrogate mixtures comprising transition metal ions, organic
hydroperoxide, H2O2, and humic or fulvic acids. The interplay of
transition metal ions (e.g., iron and copper ions), highly oxidized organic
molecules (e.g., hydroperoxides), and complexing or scavenging agents (e.g.,
humic or fulvic acids) leads to nonlinear concentration dependencies in
aqueous-phase RS production. A strong dependence on chemical composition
was also observed for the aqueous-phase radical yields of
laboratory-generated secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from precursor
mixtures of naphthalene and β-pinene. Our findings show how the
composition of PM2.5 can influence the amount and nature of
aqueous-phase RS, which may explain differences in the chemical reactivity
and health effects of particulate matter in clean and polluted air.
24-hour cloud cover calculation using ground-based imager with machine learning
Authors: Kim Bu-Yo , Cha Joo Wan , Chang Ki-Ho
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In this study, image data features and machine learning methods were used to calculate 24-h continuous cloud cover from image data obtained by a camera-based imager on the ground. The image data features were the time (Julian day and hour), solar zenith angle, and statistical characteristics of the red-blue ratio, blue–red difference, and luminance. These features were determined from the red, green, and blue brightness of images subjected to a pre-processing process involving masking removal and distortion correction. The collected image data were divided into training, validation, and test sets and were used to optimize and evaluate the accuracy of each machine learning method. The cloud cover calculated by each machine learning method was verified with human-eye observation data from a manned observatory. Supervised machine learning models suitable for nowcasting, namely, support vector regression, random forest, gradient boosting machine, k-nearest neighbor, artificial neural network, and multiple linear regression methods, were employed and their results were compared. The best learning results were obtained by the support vector regression model, which had an accuracy, recall, and precision of 0.94, 0.70, and 0.76, respectively. Further, bias, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient values of 0.04 tenth, 1.45 tenths, and 0.93, respectively, were obtained for the cloud cover calculated using the test set. When the difference between the calculated and observed cloud cover was allowed to range between 0, 1, and 2 tenths, high agreement of approximately 42 %, 79 %, and 91 %, respectively, were obtained. The proposed system involving a ground-based imager and machine learning methods is expected to be suitable for application as an automated system to replace human-eye observations.
Boreal Forest Wildfire and Climate Linked Drivers of Carbon and Nitrogen Loss
Authors: Eckdahl Johan , Kristensen Jeppe , Metcalfe Daniel
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The boreal landscape covers large portions of the earth's land area and stores a significant percentage of its terrestrial carbon (C). Increased emissions due to climate change amplified fire frequency, size and intensity threaten to remove elements such as C and nitrogen (N) from forest soil and vegetation at rates faster than they accumulate. This may result in large areas within the region becoming a net source of greenhouse gases creating a positive feedback loop with a changing climate. Estimates of per area fire emissions are regionally limited and knowledge of their relation to climate and ecosystem properties is sparse. This study sampled 50 separate Swedish wildfires from 2018 providing quantitative estimates of C and N loss due to fire along a climate gradient. Mean annual precipitation had strong positive effects on total fuel, which was the strongest driver for increasing C and N losses, while mean annual temperature (MAT) had greater influence on both pre- and postfire fuel bulk and chemical properties which had mixed effects on C and N losses. Significant fire induced loss of C occurred in the 50 plots comparable to estimates in similar Eurasian forests but approximately a quarter of those found in typical North American boreal wildfires. N loss was insignificant though large proportions were collected from lower soil layers to a surface layer of char in proportion to increased MAT. These results reveal the variability of C and N losses between global regions and across local climate conditions and a need to better incorporate these factors into models to improve estimates of global emissions of C and N due to fire in future climate scenarios. Additionally, this study demonstrated the linkage between climate and the chemical transformation of residual soil fuel and discusses its potential for altering C and N dynamics in postfire recovery.
Climate change impacts on solar power generation and its spatial variability in Europe based on CMIP6
Authors: Hou Xinyuan , Wild Martin , Folini Doris Sylvia , Kazadzis Stelios , Wohland Jan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Solar photovoltaics (PV) plays an essential role in decarbonizing the European energy system. However, climate change affects surface solar radiation and thereby will directly influence future PV power generation. We use scenarios from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) for a mitigation (SSP1-2.6) and a fossil-fuel dependent (SSP5-8.5) pathway, to quantify climate risk for solar PV in Europe simulated by the Global Solar Energy Estimator (GSEE). We find that PV potential increases by around 5 % in the mitigation scenario, suggesting a positive feedback loop between climate change mitigation and PV potential. While increased clear-sky radiation and reduced cloud cover go hand in hand in SSP1-2.6, a decrease in clear-sky radiation is overcompensated by a decrease in cloud cover in SSP5-8.5, resulting in an increase of all-sky radiation. Moreover, we find that the seasonal cycle of PV generation changes in most places as generation grows more strongly in winter than in summer (SSP1-2.6) or increases in summer and declines in winter (SSP5-8.5). We further analyze climate change impacts on the spatial variability of PV power generation. Similar to effects anticipated for wind energy, we report an increase of the spatial correlations of daily PV production with large inter-model agreement yet relatively small amplitude, implying that PV power balancing between different regions in continental Europe will become more difficult in the future. Based on the most recent climate simulations, this research thus supports the notion that climate change will only marginally impact renewable energy potential, while changes in the spatio-temporal generation structure are to be expected and should be included in power system design.
Development of East Asia Regional Reanalysis based on advanced hybrid gain data assimilation method and evaluation with E3DVAR, ERA-5, and ERA-Interim reanalysis
Authors: Yang Eun-Gyeong , Kim Hyun Mee , Kim Dae-Hui
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The East Asia Regional Reanalysis (EARR) system is developed based on the advanced hybrid gain data assimilation method (AdvHG) using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and conventional observations. Based on EARR, the high-resolution regional reanalysis and reforecast fields are produced with 12 km horizontal resolution over East Asia for 2010–2019. The newly proposed AdvHG is based on the hybrid gain approach, weighting two different analysis for an optimal analysis. The AdvHG is different from the hybrid gain in that 1) E3DVAR is used instead of EnKF, 2) 6 h forecast of ERA5 is used to be more consistent with WRF, and 3) the pre-existing, state-of-the-art reanalysis is used. Thus, the AdvHG can be regarded as an efficient approach to generate regional reanalysis dataset due to cost savings as well as the use of the state-of-the-art reanalysis. The upper air variables of EARR are verified with those of ERA5 for January and July 2017 and the two-year period of 2017–2018. For upper air variables, ERA5 outperforms EARR over two years, whereas EARR outperforms (shows comparable performance to) ERA-I and E3DVAR for January in 2017 (July in 2017). EARR better represents precipitation than ERA5 for January and July in 2017. Therefore, though the uncertainties of upper air variables of EARR need to be considered when analyzing them, the precipitation of EARR is more accurate than that of ERA5 for both two seasons. The EARR data presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/7P8MZT for data on pressure levels and https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Q07VRC for precipitation.
Recalibrating decadal climate predictions – what is an adequate model for the drift?
Authors: Pasternack Alexander , Grieger Jens , Rust Henning W. , Ulbrich Uwe
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Near-term climate predictions such as multi-year to decadal forecasts are increasingly being used to guide adaptation measures and building of resilience. To ensure the utility of multi-member probabilistic predictions, inherent systematic errors of the prediction system must be corrected or at least reduced. In this context, decadal climate predictions have further characteristic features, such as the long-term horizon, the lead-time-dependent systematic errors (drift) and the errors in the representation of long-term changes and variability. These features are compounded by small ensemble sizes to describe forecast uncertainty and a relatively short period for which typical pairs of hindcasts and observations are available to estimate calibration parameters.
With DeFoReSt (Decadal Climate Forecast Recalibration Strategy), Pasternack et al. (2018) proposed a parametric post-processing approach to tackle these problems. The original approach of DeFoReSt assumes third-order polynomials in lead time to capture conditional and unconditional biases, second order for dispersion and first order for start time dependency. In this study, we propose not to restrict orders a priori but use a systematic model selection strategy to obtain model orders from the data based on non-homogeneous boosting.
The introduced boosted recalibration estimates the coefficients of the statistical model, while the most relevant predictors are selected automatically by keeping the coefficients of the less important predictors to zero. Through toy model simulations with differently constructed systematic errors, we show the advantages of boosted recalibration over DeFoReSt. Finally, we apply boosted recalibration and DeFoReSt to decadal surface temperature forecasts from the German initiative Mittelfristige Klimaprognosen (MiKlip) prototype system. We show that boosted recalibration performs equally as well as DeFoReSt and yet offers a greater flexibility.
CARDAMOM-FluxVal Version 1.0: a FLUXNET-based Validation System for CARDAMOM Carbon and Water Flux Estimates
Authors: Yang Yan , Bloom A. Anthony , Ma Shuang , Levine Paul , Norton Alexander , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Reager John T. , Worden John , Quetin Gregory R. , Smallman T. Luke , Williams Mathew , Xu Liang , Saatchi Sassan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Land-atmosphere carbon and water exchanges have large uncertainty in land surface and biosphere models. Using observations to reduce land biosphere model structural and parametric errors is a key priority for both understanding and accurately predicting carbon and water fluxes. Recent implementations of the Bayesian CARDAMOM model-data fusion framework have yielded key insights into ecosystem carbon and water cycling. CARDAMOM analyses—informed by co-located C and H2O flux observations—have exhibited considerable skill in both representing the variability of assimilated observations and predicting withheld observations. While CARDAMOM model configurations (namely CARDAMOM-compatible biogeochemical model structures) have been continuously developed to accommodate new scientific challenges and an expanding variety of observational constraints, there has so far been no concerted effort to globally and systematically validate CARDAMOM performance across individual model-data fusion configurations. Here we use the FLUXNET-2015 dataset—an ensemble of 200+ eddy covariance flux tower sites—to formulate a concerted benchmarking framework for CARDAMOM carbon (GPP, NEE) and water (ET) flux estimates (CARDAMOM-FLUXVal version 1.0). We present a concise set of skill metrics to evaluate CARDAMOM performance against both assimilated and withheld FLUXNET-2015 GPP, NEE and ET data. We further demonstrate the potential for tailored CARDAMOM evaluations by categorizing performance in terms of (i) individual land cover types, (ii) monthly, annual and mean fluxes, and (iii) length of assimilation data. The CARDAMOM benchmarking system—along with CARDAMOM driver files provided—can be readily repeated to support both the intercomparison between existing CARDAMOM model configurations and the formulation, development and testing of new CARDAMOM model structures.
The catastrophe of the Niedów dam – the causes of the dam's breach, its development and consequences
Authors: Kostecki Stanisław , Banasiak Robert
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Due to extreme rainfall in 2010 in the Lusatian Neisse River catchment area, a flood event with a return period of over 100 years occurred, leading to the failure of the Niedów dam. The earth-type dam was washed away, resulting in the rapid release of nearly 8.5 million m3 of water and the flooding of the downstream area with substantial material losses. The paper analyses the conditions and causes of the dam’s failure, with special attention given to the mechanism and dynamics of the compound breaching process, in which the dam’s upstreeam slope reinforcement played a remarkable role. The paper also describes a numerical approach for simulating a combined flood event along the Lusatian Neisse River with the use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (MIKE21). The flood event occurred downstream from the dam. Considering the specific local conditions and available data set, an iterative solution of the unsteady state problem is proposed. This approach enables realistic flood propagation estimates to be delivered, the dam breach outflow to be reconstructed, and several important answers concerning the consequences of the dam’s failure to be provided.
The Relationship between Psychological Ownership and Subjective Happiness of the Employees: Mediating Role of Work Engagement
Authors: Khan Kamran , Gul Mahvia
Published: July 2021

The study investigates the relationship between psychological ownership with subjective happiness of the employees. The study also examines the mediating role of work engagement in order to explain the relationship between subjective happiness and psychological ownership at workplace.  The purposive sampling techniques have been used with cross sectional design in order to collection data. Mediation analysis was conducted on SPSS by using sample of 271 employees from leading telecommunication companies working in Pakistan. The results showed that psychological ownership has significant positive association with subjective happiness of the employees. Further, work engagement significantly positively mediates this relationship. The present research contributes on the literature of psychological ownerships and subjective happiness and provides possible solutions for maintaining positive atmosphere of psychological ownership that ultimately increase the subjective happiness of the employees.
"Data Security Using Homomorphic Encryption for Cloud Based Medical Record Management System "
Authors: Jassim "Mustafa Abdalrassual
Published: July 2021

"Homomorphic encryption technique is latest development in the field of data encryption. The replacement algorithm is taking part in this technique. In this paper, this technique is used for security of patient’s medical record on cloud. Proposed technique besides data security, stores and retrieves cloud data is very fast. Paper proposes a model and encryption techniques with analysis before conclusion.
"Synthesis and Optical Properties of Polystyrene Doped with DCM Thin Films "
Authors: Tuhaiwer Akeel Shaker
Published: July 2021

"In the present work Polystyrene (PS) polymer doped with DCM laser dye thin films have been prepared on glass substrate using casting method. The final samples of PS doped with DCM thin films were treated with different annealing temperatures at (30, 40, 50, 60) oC. Optical absorption and transmission spectra of the prepared thin films were recorded using UV-VIS double beam spectrometer in the wavelength range from 190 to 1100 nm. The results shown that the allowed direct electronic transitions energy gap increased from 2.08 up to 2.25e.V as the temperature increasing from 30 to 60oC, whereas the allowed indirect electronic transition energy gap increase from 2.02 up to 2.17 eV as the temperature increase from 30 to 60oC. The effect of temperature on the optical properties such as Urbach’s energy, Refractive index, Extinction coefficient, Critical angle, Brewster angle, and Finesse coefficient of PS doped with DCM thin films also studied in this work.
Personas con VIH en hospitales públicos de CABA: antirretrovirales y respuestas al tratamiento. Aún lejos de los objetivos de la OMS
Authors: Hojman Martín , Nardi Carlos Sebastián , Bafico Agostina , Hirsch Cynthia , Cuadrado Mariela , Fernández Cabanillas Graciela , Lecce Silvana , De Simone Gastón
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Se estima que en Argentina son 129 mil las personas que poseen el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, aunque un 20% de ellas lo desconoce. El 20% de 5800 nuevos casos por año en el país corresponden a CABA. No hay datos sobre la situación de pacientes que se atienden en hospitales públicos de CABA con respecto a objetivos de la OMS.

Objetivo: Analizar esquemas antirretrovirales y situación virológica e inmunológica de las personas con VIH (PcVIH) en TAR que se asisten hospitales públicos de CABA.

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, bajo muestreo por conveniencia. Análisis de datos obtenidos del Sistema de Administración de Pacientes VIH (SVIH), activos a junio de 2018. Es dable aclarar que la primera parte se refiere a la fuente de información, y que sean activos a junio de 2018 se refiere a criterio de inclusión y periodo de análisis respectivamente. Variables analizadas: sexo, edad, distribución de TAR, CV y CD4 utilizando el programa SPSS 20.

Resultados: 6878 PcVIH en TAR, 66,6% hombres. 79% con al menos 1 CV. De ellas, con CV indetectables (<40 copias) 62% (78% del total de PcVIH con CV). Datos de CD4 en 56% PcVIH: 65% con >500. En primera línea de TAR 88,3%: 42% IP potenciados, 45% INNTI, 13% INSTI. De CV indetectables (<40 copias), 92% en primera línea de TAR (significativo) y de las detectables, 80%. INNTI como tercera droga, significativo para CV indetectable (<40 copias). 45% de PcVIH en TAR sin CV y/o CD4.

Discusión: La muestra representa la mitad de las PcVIH de CABA atendidas en el sistema público. Más de la mitad de la población estudiada se encuentra indetectable (<40 copias). INNTI siguen siendo las terceras drogas más utilizadas. Alto % de PcVIH en TAR sin CV y/o CD4. Insuficientes laboratorios (CV y CD4), baja disponibilidad de datos y lejanía del objetivo de OMS indican deficiencias del sistema de salud. Mejoras en acceso a TAR, a determinaciones de laboratorio, y en la calidad de los datos son necesarios.