bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Gut Microbiota Transplantation Undermined the Lipid and Glucose Metabolism of Newborns in a Piglet Model
Authors: Zhou Hua , Sun Jing , Liu Zuohua , Chen Hong , Ge Liangpeng , Yu Bing , Chen Daiwen
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe present study was conducted to explore the maternal gut microbiota transplantation on the lipid and glucose metabolism of newborns in a piglet model. Six hysterectomy-derived germ-free (GF) Bama piglets were reared in three sterile isolators and were orally inoculated with healthy sow fecal suspension on day 7 after birth, which considers as fecal microbiota transplanted (FMT) group. Another six piglets from a natural birth and reared in conventional (CV) environments was regarded as CV group. The FMT piglets were hand-fed Co60-γ-irradiated sterile milk powder, CV piglets were reared by lactating Bama sows and both were weaned at day 21. Then, all piglets were housed separately and fed sterile feed for another 21 days. ResultsWe observed that transplanted with sow fecal microbiota increased the content of lipid in liver (P < 0.05), and upregulated the mRNA abundances of genes related to lipid anabolism and catabolism in liver and longissimus dorsi of newborn piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentrations of adiponectin, GLP-1, and insulin in serum and the activity of CPT-1 in liver were lower in FMT piglets (P < 0.05). Besides, transplanted with sow fecal microbiota enhanced the concentration of glycogen in liver (P < 0.05), while upregulated the mRNA expressions of genes related to glycogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver and longissimus dorsi of newborn piglets (P < 0.05). Moreover, the pathway of AMPK was stimulated by sow fecal microbiota transplantation (P < 0.10). In addition, the microbial structure between FMT and CV piglets was marked differently (P < 0.05). Furthermore, transplanted with sow fecal microbiota markedly activated the metabolic pathway of bile secretion in newborn piglets (P < 0.05). ConclusionsCollectively, healthy sow gut microbiota transplanted to newborn germ-free piglets might undermine the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, and increased the content of lipid, and decreased the concentration of glycogen in liver. It is concluded that transplanted with maternal gut microbiota might induce diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism in newborns.
LKB1 Loss Upregulates ALKBH5 and Contributes to Aggressive Phenotypes of KRAS Mutated Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Donghong , Ning Jinfeng , Okon Imoh , Zheng Xiaoxu , Satyanarayana Ganesh , Song Ping , Xu Shidong , Zou Ming-Hui
Published: November 2020

Background: Oncogenic KRAS mutations combined with loss of the LKB1 tumor-suppressor gene (KL) are strongly associated with aggressive forms of lung cancer. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA is a crucial epigenetic modification that controls cancer self-renewal and progression. However, the function, regulation and mechanism of m6A in this aggressive phenotypes remain largely unclear.Methods: The clinic-pathological role of m6A was evaluated in a cohort of lung cancer tissues and further validated by public databases and integrating bioinformatics analyses. We examined the upstream and downstream regulation of ALKBH5 (AlkB family member 5, an m6A demethylase) using quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, bisulfite genome sequencing, luciferase reporter assay, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation, m6A-RNA Immunoprecipitation (m6A-RIP) and m6A-seq data analysis. Results: We found that LKB1 loss decreased m6A levels and correlated with disease progression and poor survival for KRAS mutant lung cancer patients. The effect on m6A levels and the disease progression and survival was mediated by increasing levels of ALKBH5. LKB1 inactivation increased ALKBH5 transcription in multiple KRAS mutated tumor types, including colon, pancreas, and lung. Conversely, LKB1 overexpression decreased DNA methylation of the CTCF-binding motif on the ALKBH5 promoter, which enhanced CTCF binding and inhibited histone modifications, including H3K4me3, H3K9ac, and H3K27ac. ALKBH5 demethylation of m6A stabilized oncogenic drivers, such as SOX2, SMAD7, and MYC, through a pathway dependent on YTHDF2, an m6A reader protein. Conclusions: Loss of LKB1 in KRAS mutated cancers promoted ALKBH5 transcription, decreased m6A levels, and increased the stability of m6A target oncogenes, thus contributing to aggressive phenotypes of KRAS mutated lung cancer.
Effects of Autistic Trait-Related Joint Attention on Visual Working Memory
Authors: Wang Zhiyun , Xuan Bin , Li Shuo
Published: November 2020

Background: Social attention deficits have been found in individuals with high autistic traits in the non-clinical population However, the eye movement patterns triggered by gaze direction still need to be explored in individuals with different levels of autistic traits, and it remains unknown whether autistic traits can modulate the relationship between joint attention and visual working memory. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of autistic traits on joint attention and whether autistic traits could further influence visual working memory performance through joint attention. Methods: A total of 46 participants who scored in the top and bottom 20% on the Chinese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were divided into high- and low-AQ groups. We used a combination of the cueing paradigm, change detection task, and eye-tracking technique to explore behavioral performance and eye movement patterns. The 50% validity gaze and dot cues were set as social and nonsocial cues, respectively. Results: The low-AQ group showed shorter reaction times for the gaze-cued location but not for the dot condition and not for the high-AQ group. The low-AQ group had a higher fixation proportion, more fixation counts both in the gaze-cued and dot-cued locations, and shorter entry time into the target ROI under the valid gaze condition. The high-AQ group only showed a dot cueing effect with a higher fixation proportion and more fixation counts in dot-cued location.Limitations: The small number of memory items may have led participants to encode polygons into long-term memory, which limits the only interpretation of results on visual working memory. In addition, participants in this study were all undergraduates or graduate students, which may limit the generalizability of our findings to a broader population.Conclusions: This finding suggest that autistic traits influence the pattern of attention triggered by gaze and dot cues. Individuals with low-AQ were more adept at using gaze cues to direct attention, while high-AQ individuals were less sensitive to gaze cues and preferred non-social cues. The difference in joint attention further affected the speed of visual working memory.
Multisite Controlled Blinded Field Studies to Evaluate the Effect of an Oral Live Escherichia Coli Bivalent F4/F18 Vaccine in Pig Nurseries with Mild Cases of Post-Weaning Diarrhea or Subclinical ETEC Infections.
Authors: Nadeau Eric , Tremblay Danielle , Naderer Anna Magdalena , Hellmann Klaus
Published: November 2020

Background: Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) caused by Escherichia coli is a worldwide economically important disease in pigs, linked with increased mortality and weight loss. F4- and F18-enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) are the most diagnosed causes of PWD. The efficacy of live oral E. coli vaccines has been previously demonstrated on farms with confirmed clinical cases of PWD. However, the impact of vaccination in subclinical cases with mild or not noticeable clinical manifestations needed to be assessed. This study evaluated the effect of an oral dose of a live E. coli bivalent F4/F18 vaccine in nurseries without ongoing clinical PWD outbreaks but with a history of pathogenic E. coli circulating within the herd. Two controlled blinded studies were performed under commercial conditions in a total of 6 European sites. Overall, 1941 vaccinated piglets and 1976 control piglets were enrolled and were monitored for health, growth, and feed conversion rate. Results: No clinical outbreak of ETEC PWD has been observed in the tested farms. Two farms faced episodes of non-ETEC enteric diseases that required treatments. Nursery weight gain was not statistically different between groups in these two farms. However, the nursery weight gain of the vaccinated pigs was significantly higher by 0.80, 0.87 and 1.24 kg than of the control pigs in three of the four farms without non-ETEC enteric diseases (p<0.05) and by 0.69 kg (p=0.051) in the fourth one, leading to numerically heavier pigs at the exit of the four nurseries. No statistically difference was observed for the feed conversion rate, though it was numerically lower for vaccinated pigs of the two tested farms. Conclusions: Recent European legislations aimed at reducing the use of antibiotics and banning therapeutic use of zinc oxide in feed are leading to a search for alternatives to compensate animal health impacts and economic losses due to PWD. These studies demonstrate that, even in the absence of convincing clinical signs of PWD, ETEC infections limit nursery pig optimal growth performance that can be mitigated by vaccination with an oral live E. coli bivalent F4/F18 vaccine. These findings corroborate previous studies showing the effect of vaccination in clinical outbreaks of PWD.
Impact of Investigator Initiated Trials and Industry Sponsored Trials on Medical Practice (Impact): Results of a Cohort Study
Authors: Blümle Anette , Wollmann Katharina , Bischoff Karin , Lohner Szimonetta , Nury Edris , Nitschke Kai , Rücker Gerta , Schumacher Martin
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDecisions in healthcare are ideally made on basis of the results of clinical trials, published in study registries, as primary journal articles or summarized in secondary research articles. It is still unclear, whether and to what extent public and commercial expenses invested in clinical trials pays out in a way that their findings have an impact on publication output and medical practice.MethodsThe aim of this project was to examine the lifecycle of clinical trials from their registration to their publication and citation in secondary research articles by determining the proportion of trials that were published and were included in systematic review and clinical guidelines. We set-up a cohort of randomized controlled trials (n=691). We created and compared four sub-cohorts of investigator initiated trials (IITs) and industry sponsor trials (ISTs) with and without German contribution. For each trial, we searched for corresponding publications and citing systematic reviews and clinical guidelines.Additionally, we investigated what study characteristics are associated with publication and impact by using multivariable logistic regressions. ResultsOf the 691 trials, 576 (83%) were published as method article or result article in a medical journal and/or the trial results were made available in study registries; results were available for 555 (80%) of the trials. More than half (52%) of the trials were cited by a systematic review and about a quarter (26%) reached impact in a clinical guideline. Drug trials and larger trials are associated with a higher probability to be published and to have an impact than non-drug trials and smaller trials. Results of IITs were more often published as journal article, results of ISTs more often in study registries. International ISTs gain less often impact by inclusion in systematic reviews or guidelines than publicly sponsored trials.ConclusionA considerable proportion of clinical trials investigated was published and had an impact on clinical practice, whereas the proportions depend on specific study characteristic. Study registries are an important alternative or complement to journal articles for publishing study results. There is still a need to improve the transfer of knowledge generated in clinical research into practice.
Identification of Gene Variants Related to Malignant Hyperthermia in Han Chinese People by Next-Generation Sequencing.
Authors: Zhang Jianxiong , Fu Lina , Li Dandan , Cheng Xuewei , Hu Mengmeng , Wang Hong , Wang Chunyan , Qiu Zewu , Dong Ruihua
Published: November 2020

Background: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disease triggered by anesthesia. In recent years, next generation sequencing(NGS) technology, targeted sequencing approaches have been used to identify regions related to MH and can not only detect known MH variant sites but also allow the exploration of novel MH-related variants.Methods: Twenty-four volunteer’s blood samples were collected, genomic DNA was then extracted, target regions were amplified, and through targeted sequencing of these target regions, both known and novel variants were identified, and analysis of these variants identified some that may damage protein function. Online prediction tools were also used to determine the possibility of variants that may cause MH.Results: We performed next-generation sequencing of 53 positions on 4 genes, in which 36 variants of the RYR1 gene were found. Three of these caused a change in the amino acid sequence. Additionally, 11 variants of the CACNA1S gene were found, of which 3 led to amino acid sequence changes. Five variants of the JSRP1 gene were found, and four variants caused the amino acid sequence to change.Conclusions: In healthy volunteers, variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S were more common, and variants in JSRP1 more commonly had amino acid sequence changes. Whether a variant is pathogenic can be predicted using a prediction website, but the sensitivity and specificity still need to be improved.
Effects of aprepitant /dexamethasone versus mirtazapine/dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ashoor Tarek , Kassim Dina Y. , Hasseb Ahmed M. , Esmat Ibrahim M.
Published: November 2020

Background

Co-administration of different antiemetics proved to decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The investigators compared the combination of aprepitant and dexamethasone (A/D) with the combination of mirtazapine and dexamethasone (M/D) for prevention of PONV in morbidly obese patients undergoing LSG.
Methods

Ninety patients scheduled for LSG were assigned to receive a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone 8 mg IVI (D group), and in addition to oral aprepitant 80 mg (A/D group) or oral mirtazapine 30 mg (M/D group) in a randomized, double-blind trial. Assessment of PONV was done 0–2 h (early) and 2–24 hours (late). Patients’ level of sedation, satisfaction and postoperative pain were also assessed.
Results

A/D and M/D groups were superior to D group for complete response 0–24 h after surgery (79.3% for A/D group, 78.6% for M/D group and 20.7% for D group). D group was inferior to A/D and M/D groups regarding collective PONV and use of rescue antiemetics (P < 0.001) 0–24 h after surgery. The peak nausea scores 2–24 h were significantly lower in both A/D and M/D groups vs. D group (P = 0.005). Patients in the M/D group showed higher sedation scores while those in A/D groups showed lower pain scores and less analgesic requirements. A/D and M/D groups were superior to D group regarding the patient’s satisfaction score.
Conclusion

A/D and M/D combinations were superior to D alone regarding the proportion of patients exhibiting a complete response in preventing PONV associated with LSG.
Trial Registration:

Clinical Trials. gov Identifier: NCT04013386/ prospectively registered: 09/07/2019, http://www.Clinical Trial.gov
A Python script to merge Sanger sequences
Authors: Chen Cen , Huang Xiaofang , Lu Bingguo , Bi Chuyun , Zhao Lili , Hu Yunzhuo , Chen Xuanyang , Lin Shiqiang , Huang Kai
Published: November 2020

Merging Sanger sequences is frequently needed during the gene cloning process. In this study, we provide a Python script that is able to merge multiple overlapping Sanger sequences. Our results demonstrate that the script can produce the merged sequence from the input Sanger sequences in a single run. The script offers a simple and free method for merging Sanger sequences and is useful for gene cloning.
Interpretation Bias Featured in Military Personnel with High Trait Anxiety Measured by a Novel Paradigm
Authors: Yin Qianlan , Cai Wenpeng , Zhang Xiaoming , Chen Aibin , Song Xiangrui , Deng Guanghui
Published: November 2020

Background: Anxiety has become one of the most common psychological problems affecting the combat effectiveness of soldiers. As the generation, maintenance, and recurrence of anxiety have an important interaction with interpretation bias, yet none proof was for the existence of interpretation bias in military personnel.Methods: 112 military officers and soldiers were recruited. Based on scores of the Trait-anxiety Inventory, participants were divided into the high trait anxiety group and the low trait anxiety group. the Picture Sentence Association Paradigm comprised of military-simulated ambiguous scenarios and emotional facial expressions was used to test the differences of the interpretation bias between the two groups.Results: Military personnel with high trait anxiety showed interpretation bias by endorsing more negative valence to the ambiguous scenarios and reject the positive valence. Especially in a self-related scenario, the interpretation bias was more remarkable.Conclusion: This study revealed the existed interpretation bias in military personnel with high trait anxiety using a new paradigm and highlighted the need for further researches to improve the measurement of interpretation bias. Moreover, the picture sentence association paradigm could provide plausible methods for cognitive bias modification to decrease the soldiers’ anxiety.
Sex Differences in Healthcare Utilization and Costs among Individuals with Elevated Blood Pressure: The LARK Study from Western Kenya
Authors: Sikka Neha , DeLong Allison , Kamano Jemima , Kimaiyo Sylvester , Orango Vitalis , Fuster Valentin , Hogan Joseph , Vedanthan Rajesh
Published: November 2020

Background: Elevated blood pressure is the leading risk factor for global mortality. While it is known that there exist differences between men and women with respect to socioeconomic status, self-reported health, and healthcare utilization, there are few published studies from Africa. This study therefore aims to characterize differences in healthcare utilization and costs between men and women with elevated blood pressure in Kenya.Methods: Data from 1447 participants enrolled in the LARK Hypertension study in western Kenya were analyzed. Latent class analysis based on nine dependent variables was performed to describe patterns of healthcare utilization and costs in the study population. Regression analysis was then performed to describe the relationship between different demographics and each outcome. Results: Women in our study had higher rates of unemployment (28% vs 12%), were more likely to report lower monthly earnings (72% vs 51%), and had more outpatient visits (39% vs 28%) and pharmacy prescriptions (42% vs 30%). Three patterns of healthcare utilization were described: (1) individuals with low healthcare utilization, (2) individuals who utilized care but paid low out-of-pocket costs, and (3) individuals who utilized care but had higher out-of-pocket costs. Women and those with health insurance were more likely to be in the high-cost utilizer group. Women were also more likely to report lower quality-of-life and functional health status, including pain, mobility, self-care, and ability to perform usual activities. Conclusions: Men and women with elevated blood pressure in Kenya have different health care utilization behaviors, cost and economic burdens, and health outcomes. Awareness of these sex differences can help inform targeted interventions in these populations. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01844596, Date of registration: May 1, 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01844596
Machine Learning to Assess Language Impairments in Older Adults
Authors: Parsa Mah , Alam Muhammad Raisul , Mihailidis Alex
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to propose a methodology based on machine learning classifiers for assessing language impairments associated with dementia in older adults. To do so, we compare the impact of different types of language tasks, features, and recording media on our ML-based methodology’s efficiency. Methodology: The methodology encompasses the following steps: 1) Extracting linguistic and acoustic features from subjects’ speeches which have been collected from subjects with dementia ( N =9) and subjects without dementia ( N =13); 2) Employing feature selection methods to rank informative features; 3) Training ML classifiers using extracted features to recognize subjects with dementia from subjects without dementia; 4) Evaluating the classifiers; 5) Selecting the most accurate classifiers to develop the languages assessment tools. Results: Our results indicate that 1) we can find more predictive linguistic markers to distinguish language impairment associated with dementia from participants’ speech produced during the picture description language task than the story recall task. 2) a phone-based recording interface provides a more high-quality language dataset than the web-based recording systems; 3) classifiers trained with selected features from acoustic features or linguistic features show higher performance than the classifiers trained with pure features. Conclusion: Our results show that the tree-based classifiers that have been trained using the PD dataset can be used to develop an ML-based language assessment tool that can detect language impairment associated with dementia as quickly as possible.
Serum free amino acid profiling in differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors – a case control study with review of the literature
Authors: Horala Agnieszka , Plewa Szymon , Derezinski Pawel , Klupczynska Agnieszak , Matysiak Jan , Nowak-Markwitz Ewa , Kokot Zenon J
Published: November 2020

Background Due to lack of effective early diagnostic methods, ovarian cancer (OC) remains a disease with a very unfavorable prognosis and correct differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian tumors is often difficult. Metabolomic profiling has recently been widely used in the search for non-invasive cancer diagnostic methods. In this research the serum free amino acid profiles were investigated to identify potential novel biomarkers of OC and assess their performance in ovarian tumor differential diagnosis. Results Serum samples from patients diagnosed with ovarian tumors were divided based on the histopathological result: epithelial OC (n=38), borderline ovarian tumors (n=6) and benign ovarian tumors (BOTs) (n=62). Serum free amino acid profiles were evaluated using aTRAQ methodology based on high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In the performed analyses, the levels of eleven amino acids significantly differed between OC + borderline and BOTs. The highest AUC (0.787) was obtained for histidine. Cystine and histidine were identified as best single markers for early stage OC/BOT and type I OC. For advanced stage OC, seven amino acids differed significantly between the groups and citrulline obtained the best AUC of 0.807. Between type II OC and BOTs eight amino acids differed significantly and the highest AUC of 0.798 was achieved by histidine and citrulline (AUC of 0.778). Conclusions Serum free amino acid profiles are significantly altered in OC patients as compared to those with BOTs. Histidine emerges as a potential new biomarker in differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Adding histidine to a multimarker panel together with CA125 and HE4 improved the differential diagnosis between OC and BOTs.
WITHDRAWN: Pride Camp: Pilot Study of an Intervention to Develop Resilience and Self-Esteem Among LGBTQ Youth
Authors: Weinhardt Lance S. , Wesp Linda M. , Xie Hui , Murray Jennifer A. , Martín Jeanette , DeGeorge Sarah , Weinhardt Caleb B. , Hawkins Maren M , Stevens Patricia
Published: November 2020

Background: Many LGBTQ youth experience rejection and discrimination in their families and schools, and the range of interventions for improving their resilience and well-being is limited. We developed and piloted an LGBT-youth-focused intervention to build resilience, called Pride Camp. Methods: Using a mixed-method approach we examined the impact of Pride Camp on resilience and other measures of well-being among LGBTQ high school students who attended camp on a college campus in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Camp attendees and the research sample included a majority proportion of transgender and gender nonbinary (TGN) youth. Results: Pre- and post-test data from our quantitative surveys (n=28), indicated significant increases in resilience, self-esteem, and quality of life in LGBTQ youth who attended camp. Similar results were found among the TGN participants (n=19). Qualitative data from focus groups indicated that specifically for TGN youth, the affirming environment at the camp provided social opportunities that they had not found elsewhere. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the Pride Camp intervention provides a platform for LGBTQ youth to meet peers and engage in LGBTQ communities, improving their resilience and outlook on the future. A larger controlled study of the Pride Camp intervention is warranted.
A Study of Serum Iron Profile in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Shastry Indira , Belurkar Sushma
Published: November 2020

Background: Even though anemia and iron deficiency can increase the morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), an iron overload can be dangerous as well.

Aim: Identify the number of CKD patients with iron deficiency, iron overload, acute phase reaction and anemia of chronic disease in a tertiary care hospital.

Material and methods: The study was conducted in Kasturba medical college, Manipal. 154 patients with CKD were selected for the study irrespective of their treatment status with hematinics and/or erythropoietin.

Results: The mean total serum iron levels were 61μg/dl, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) 216.43 μg/dl, serum ferritin 539.68 μg/dl, and transferrin saturation of 32.18% respectively. When the serum iron profile of individuals was analyzed, majority (54.25%) of the patients were found to have acute phase reaction and most of them were in advanced stage of renal failure. Normal serum iron profile was found in 37.2% patients, iron overload in 2.2%, anemia of chronic disease in 5.3% and iron deficiency in 1% cases. These findings were statistically significant with the P value of 0.001.

Conclusion: Most common type of serum iron profile found in the study population was acute phase reaction (54%) and majority of them were in stage 5 renal failure. Hence, before beginning an iron therapy, all the patients with anemia in chronic kidney disease should be evaluated for body iron status to prevent iron overload.
Cytomorphological Analysis of Neoplastic Lesions of Neck Node with Special Reference to Lymphomas
Authors: Devi Junu
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Neoplastic lesions of lymph node in cervical region pose a diagnostic delima and very often cytological diagnosis proves invaluable. An early diagnosis of the lesions is essential for proper management. To assess the frequency distribution and cytological analysis of various neoplastic lesions of lymph node with special reference to the lymphoma.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: this is a cross-sectional study which provides analysis of 164 neoplastic lesions of lymph node out of 758 lymph node aspirate. Cytomorphological pattern and cellular detail are reviewed carefully and diagnosis were made. Histopathological and immunohistochemical correlation done wherever needed.

RESULTS: Out of 164 neoplasms 86.59% secondary neoplasms(61.27% SCC, 19.72% Adenocarcinoma,15.49% poorly differentiated carcinoma,0.70% undifferentiated carcinoma, 0.70% mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 0.70% papillary thyroid carcinoma,1.41% leukemic deposit),12.2% lymphoid neoplasms. M:F = 1.2:1. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated as 98.67%, and false positive rate 1.3%

CONCLUSION: fine needle aspiration cytology is invaluable in rapid diagnosis of lymph node neoplasms of cervical region however histological confirmation and immunohistochemical analysis is mandatory in certain tumors specially lymphomas, poorly and undifferentiated carcinoma for accurate diagnosis and proper management.
Immunohistochemical Study of CA 125 in Surface Epithelial Tumors of Ovary in Correlation with Serum Levels
Authors: Pillarisetty Karishma , Ravindra Savithri
Published: November 2020

Background:

Ovarian carcinoma is the 4th leading cancer among women in India. Primary ovarian neoplasms exhibit a wide range of histopathological patterns and tumors with epithelial differentiation are most frequent. Among malignant tumors, most common histological type is serous adenocarcinoma whose diagnosis is established in advanced stages of disease in approximately 75% of patients.

The most widely used tumor marker in ovarian cancer, often considered “gold standard” is Cancer Antigen125. Cancer Antigen 125 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein which is raised in approximately 90% of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

 

Methods:

A 2 year prospective study included 81 cases of ovarian neoplasms with surface epithelial differentiation.  The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed. Sections of 4-5 microns thickness were obtained from the paraffin block and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin. The tumors were categorised according to WHO classification.  Immunohistochemical analysis of Cancer Antigen 125 was done in all malignant & borderline tumors.

 

Result:

A total of 81 cases were studied. There were 15 cases with elevated serum Cancer Antigen 125 levels. Of these 8 showed positive tissue expression. The sensitivity of serum Cancer Antigen 125 was 68.75% & its specificity was 93.8%.

 

Conclusion:

Serum Cancer Antigen 125 is elevated in ovarian tumors especially in malignant surface epithelial tumors & more commonly in serous cystadenocarcinoma. There was a good correlation between serum levels & tissue expression of Cancer Antigen 125.
Effects of Site of Blood Collection and Duration of Storage on Coagulation Factor V and Factor IX Levels in Fresh Frozen Plasma
Authors: R Loganathan , Kulkarni Rajendra G , Kar Rakhee , Abhishekh B , Basu Debdatta
Published: November 2020

Background: As per Indian drugs and cosmetic act & rules 1945 (DCA), 1% or 4 units/month of all components should meet quality control parameter. Aims and objectives: 1.) To assess the level of clotting factors FV and FIX in FFP. 2.) To identify the association between clotting factors FV and FIX in FFP with its mode of collection and storage.

Methods: This is a Cross sectional study design done for a period of 20 months. The comparison of the levels of clotting factors such as V and IX between the blood group were carried out by using independent students’ one-way analysis of variance. All statistical analysis was carried out at 5% level of significance and p-value <0.05 were considered as significant. All statistical analysis was done using software IBM PASW statistics (SPSS) version 19.0.

Result: The present study was done at a south Indian tertiary care center from January 2016 to August 2017. Around 28,919 FFPs were assessed during this study period. On comparing factor levels between blood bank and camp site, there were no significant difference.

Conclusion: In our study, FV and FIX were maintained as per DGHS criteria.
Normoalbuminuric Diabetic Kidney Disease- Need for Renal Biopsy? An Autopsy Study on Western Indian Population
Authors: Paul Sonal , Gadgil Nitin M , Padmanabhan Anitha
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Persistent albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate are considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN).

Methods: In this autopsy study, we evaluated data from a cohort of 67 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. We determined the histological prevalence of DN irrespective of the clinical manifestations of renal disease. Patients were stratified by proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR). The glomerular, interstitial and vascular lesions were scored as per the established histopathologic classification for DN.

Results: 55 of the 67 patients had clinical as well as histological lesions consistent with DN. 12 patients had histological lesions of DN at autopsy but no clinical evidence of proteinuria, including microalbuminuria in their lifetime.4 of these patients had maintained eGFR. There was no difference in the glomerular lesions in patients with normoalbuminuria regardless of the eGFR. However,50% of the patients with low eGFR showed presence of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy while no interstitial lesions were noted in patients with normoalbuminuria and maintained eGFR. Significant amount of arteriosclerosis was noted in the normoalbuminuric low eGFR patients. Haematuria was significantly associated with proteinuric low GFR patients.

Conclusion: Histological evidence of DN may be seen even in the absence of clinical manifestations, suggesting that, in diabetic kidneys some amount of glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage has already occurred before the onset of proteinuria. Hence, there is a need for routine kidney biopsies in diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. This will help in the timely diagnosis and appropriate management in the early stages of DN.
A Retrospective Study of Soft Tissue Tumors - Role of Histomorphology in Diagnosis
Authors: Damani Sagar Sanjay , Patil Soniya Anant , Ansari M H , Baste Balaji Devrao
Published: November 2020

Background: The field of soft tissue tumors is vast and yet to be explored. The diagnosis of these tumors is always challenging for the pathologists. The overlap in the clinical and radiological features makes histopathology very crucial in their identification.

 

Methods: This is a retrospective study of soft tissue tumors over a period of 18 months from January 2014 to June 2015 conducted in the Department of Pathology. The gross specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and the slides were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin. Immunohistochemistry was performed wherever necessary.

 

Result: A total of 235 soft tissue tumors were studied of which benign cases were 225 (95.75%), intermediate 04 (1.70%) and malignant 06 (2.55%). The tumors had a male preponderance, with majority in the third decade, predominantly occurring in the head neck region. Of a total of eleven categories of soft tissue tumors in our study, the adipocytic category was the most common followed by the nerve sheath and vascular tumors.

 

Conclusion: Molecular diagnosis have started to gain momentum in the field of soft tissue tumors, however histomorphology still remains the gold standard.
Key elements of local government transparency in new public governance
Authors: Adi Yuniarta Gede , Gusti Ayu Purnamawati I
Published: November 2020

Transparency is a challenge for public administration reforms for now and beyond towards modern and better governance. The economic crisis that occurred has led to a large erosion of public confidence in the effectiveness of government financial management. This study aims to analyze the key elements of local government transparency in new public governance. The research data was obtained through financial reports on local government websites. The sample selection technique used purposive judgment sampling and yielded a total of 262 local governments in Indonesia. The analytical method used is logistic regression analysis. The results showed that key elements, reflected by the local government size and local financial independence ratio, had a significant influence on the implementation of internet financial reporting, while audit opinions do not have a significant effect. This is due to changes in public perception of the quality of audit opinions provided by the Audit Board. This study emphasizes that local governments that receive a fair or unfair audit opinion cannot prove with certainty that the local government has performed good or poor financial management. Audit opinions obtained by local governments do not always facilitate the publication of financial statements on their official websites.
Updated research agenda for water, sanitation and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Sano Daisuke , Louise Wester Astrid , Schmitt Heike , Amarasiri Mohan , Kirby Amy , Medlicott Kate , Roda Husman Ana Maria de
Published: November 2020

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, genetic resistance elements, and antibiotic residues, presents a significant threat to human health. Reducing the incidence of infection by improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is one of five objectives in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Action Plan on AMR. In September 2019, WHO and the Health-Related Water Microbiology specialist group (HRWM-SG) of the International Water Association (IWA) organized its third workshop on AMR, focusing on the following three main issues: environmental pathways of AMR transmission, environmental surveillance, and removal from human waste. The workshop concluded that despite an increase in scientific evidence that the environment may play a significant role, especially in low-resource settings, the exact relative role of the environment is still unclear. Given many antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) can be part of the normal gut flora, it can be assumed that for environmental transmission, the burden of fecal-oral transmission of AMR in a geographical area follows that of WASH-related infections. There are some uncertainties as to the potential for the propagation of particular resistance genes within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but there is no doubt that the reduction in viable microbes (with or without resistance genes) available for transmission via the environment is one of the goals of human waste management. Although progress has been made in the past years with respect to quantifying environmental AMR transmission potential, still more data on the spread of environmental AMR within human communities is needed. Even though evidence on AMR in WWTPs has increased, the reduction in the emergence and spread of AMR by basic sanitation methods is yet unresolved. In order to contribute to the generation of harmonized One Health surveillance data, WHO has initiated an integrated One Health surveillance strategy that includes the environment. The main challenge lies in rolling it out globally including to the poorest regions.

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Movimentação de Pessoal
Authors: Lopes Tomás de vilanova Monteiro
Published: November 2020

Movimentação de pessoal é o deslocamento de empregados, para dentro ou para fora da empresa. Conforme seus objetivos ou as causas que a determinam pode ela constituir um sintoma de vitalidade ou de enfraquecimento. Há tipos de movimentação de pessoal que indicam que a empresa está rejuvenescendo os seus quadros ou redistribuindo sua mão-de-obra, para melhor ajustar-se às exigências de sua evolução. Há outros, porém, que revelam que ela está se mostrando incapaz de reter a seu serviço, ou nele estabilizar, o elemento humano que lhe é indispensável; que está onerando os custos de sua produção com o vaivém de empregados; que, enfim, se está debilitando pela perda progressiva de seus recursos de pessoal.
Subsídios Para a Política Demográfica
Authors: Fischlowitz Estanislau
Published: November 2020

Conquanto seja do conhecimento geral que a responsabilidade dos trabalhos por nós publicados seja de exclusiva competência dos respectivos autores e em que pese a excelência do material apresentado pelo Prof. Estanislau Fischlowitz, colaborador desta Revista, sentimo-nos no dever de tornar público que dada a controvérsia existente em torno do assunto, objeto da tese do ilustre professor, estão abertos, através deste órgão técnico, os debates Sobre o mesmo. E é com o maior prazer que daremos publicidade às diferentes opiniões sobre o tema que interessa tão proximamente a nossa própria sobrevivência como grande nação.
Formação Profissional: Fórmulas Ideais
Authors: Fischlowitz Estanislau
Published: November 2020

Impressionado com o déficit sempre crescente da mão-de-obra especializada, - que se torna agudo quando computámos, separadamente, os grupos elitários técnicos, - o autor considera urgente acelerarmos, com a mais alta prioridade, a formação profissional de mão-de-obra, em todos os níveis sob pena de legarmos às gerações que se vêm formando, as maiores dificuldades na demanda do primeiro emprego. Um grande passo para a equação do problema, seria a criação de um órgão de alto gabarito no Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social, com a superintendência de toda a orientação e controle da formação profissional e amplos poderes para disciplinar e racionalizar o problema da utilização integral da mão-de-obra. Ao mesmo tempo, seria incrementado e facilitado, junto a empresas e sociedades de economia mista, a formação técnica profissional, de que tanto necessita o País.
O Imposto Sindical— Natureza e Finalidades
Authors: Melo Chagas
Published: November 2020

Antes de entrarmos no estudo da matéria, desejamos caracterizar o que seja imposto, taxa e contribuição. As três espécies de imposições fiscais, de acordo com a Constituição Federal, recebem o nome genérico de tributos. Imposto é a imposição obrigatória destinada a atender, indistintamente às necessidades coletivas, sem um fim específico, portanto. Exemplo: imposto de renda, consumo, selo, etc. Taxa representa uma contraprestação de serviço por parte do Estado.
Como Aperfeiçoar o Sistema de Carreiras no Serviço Púbico
Authors: Cardoso Mary
Published: November 2020

Nas minhas atuais andanças pela capital, tenho ouvido falar muito na situação da carreira pública sob a nova administração. Muito daquilo que tenho ouvido é dito em tom apreensivo, e parece haver em muitos setores o sincero temor de que algumas das ações e, em particular, algumas das atitudes de certos elementos-chaves possam contribuir, intencionalmente ou não, para minar o conceito de carreira e, talvez, possibilitar um recuo no sentido dos males do nepotismo. Em minha opinião, tal receio é totalmente infundado. Mas, infundado ou não, é perfeitamente natural e compreensível a existência de semelhante preocupação, pois qualquer alteração na liderança traz perturbações ao longo de toda a hierarquia e quanto mais alto, na estrutura da organização, ocorrerem as mudanças, tanto mais ampla é a área de perturbação. E isso não é um fato que se limite apenas ao campo político; ocorre igualmente nas organizações industriais, do mesmo modo que, presumo, nas instituições educacionais e religiosas e em todas as demais formas de organização humana — inclusive, permitam-me observar, a família.
Estudos de educação secundária - Fatores e Conseqüências. Expansão do ensino secundário brasileiro.
Authors: Silva Geraldo Bastos
Published: November 2020

Para a compreensão da filosofia, ainda oficial, relativa ao ensino secundário brasileiro, mais expressivas do que a lei, em sua expressão literal, são as seguintes palavras da exposição de motivos com que foi submetida à sanção: «O ensino secundário se destina à preparação das individualidades condutoras, isto é. dos homens que deverão assumir as responsabilidades maiores dentro da sociedade e da nação, dos homens portadores das concepções e atitudes espirituais que é preciso infundir nas massas, que é preciso tornar habituais entre o povo»
Congresso Internacional de Ciências Administrativas
Authors: IBCA Inst. Brasileiro de Ciências Administrat
Published: November 2020

Sob os auspícios do Instituto Internacional de Ciências Administrativas realizar-se-á em Wiesbaden, Alemanha, de 30 de agosto a 3 de setembro p. vindouros, o X I Congresso Internacional de Ciências Administrativas. Como se sabe, o Instituto Internacional de Ciências Administrativas — da qual a Seção Brasileira ê o Instituto Brasileiro de Ciências Administrativas — tem por objetivo a difusão, no plano internacional, dos princípios gerais de administração pública, o exame comparativo das experiências realizadas nesse campo, o planejamento de métodos racionais de trabalho e os estudos, investigações, projetos e convênios que visem ao aperfeiçoamento das ciências e práticas administrativas.
Apontamentos de Arquivística
Authors: Torres Marcílio Vaz
Published: November 2020

O “Filing” ou “Método dos Files” é um alfabético-numérico que não segue a regra geral, pois não depende do planejamento de um alfabeto fechado. Hoje, nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, o “Filing” compreende não somente processos de arquivamento, como todos' os registros, coleções de documentos, papéis ordenados para consulta e, de um modo geral, atividades de escritório, isto é, o “Filing” compreende o nosso arquivo corrente e mais as outras fontes informativas de um escritório, reservando-se a denominação de “archives” para os documentos de valor permanente ou histórico.
O projeto de criação do Banco Central
Authors: Melo F. Chagas
Published: November 2020

Passando agora à análise do Projeto — já que no primeiro artigo publicado nesta Revista em maio do corrente ano fizemos um resumo de sua fundamentação, — começaremos pelo art. l.° que cria o Banco Central, com personalidade autárquica, e cujos objetivos são os seguintes:a) executar a política de crédito e da moeda em função da política econômica e social do Estado;
O tribunal de contas e o ministério republicano de Serzedelo Correia
Authors: Lira José Pereira
Published: November 2020

Cem anos se acabam de cumprir, desde o vosso nascimento na gloriosa Província do Grão Pará, e ainda não se pode dar por plenamente resgatada a dívida, para convosco contraída pelas instituições republicanas e pela nacionalidade. Assim, associando-se às manifestações já ocorridas na passagem do vosso fausto centenário, a Presidência do Tribunal de Contas deliberou amortizar parte mínima do passivo desta Instituição para com o feliz intérprete, para com o bem sucedido executor do pensamento do Conselheiro Rui Barbosa, patrono proclamado desta Casa.
A área do novo Distrito Federal: condições de solo, clima e recursos naturais
Authors: Lima Vicente Ferrer Correia , Lopes Tomás de Vilanova Monteiro
Published: November 2020

Desde que surgiu a ideia da mudança da capital do país, pretendeu-se que esta última fosse localizada longe do litoral. Todas às sugestões se referiam, vagamente, ao "interior", sem precisar, entretanto, a região mais indicada. Parece, mesmo, que a princípio não havia preferência por esta ou aquela região, e. que seria aceita qualquer uma onde a sede do governo estivesse a salvo de perigos idênticos aos que se verificaram por ocasião das invasões de Pernambuco, Bahia e Rio de Janeiro pelos holandeses e franceses. Sendo sobretudo de ordem estratégica os motivos que aconselhavam a mudança da capital, a preocupação dominante era afastar do litoral a sede do governo.
La capacitación del funcionário público através del Instituto Superior de Administración Pública (ISAP), en Argentina
Authors: Plástina Orlando Masera
Published: November 2020

La doctrina lo senala y la práctica lo confirma diariamente, el extraordinário crecimiento de- las funciones dei Estado, que de un caracter simple y restringido en el pasado alcanzó, a través de sucesivas transformaciones, la extraordinaria complejidad que caracteriza y distingue al Estado Moderno, cuyo fin esencial es el desarrollo de sua actividad concreta dirigida hacia la consecución dei «bienestar general dei Pueblo».