bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Generalized Nonlinear Constitutive Law to Hollow-Core Slabs
Authors: Staszak Natalia , Garbowski Tomasz , Ksit Barbara
Published: July 2021

The non-linear analysis of hollow-core concrete slabs requires the use of advanced numerical techniques, proper constitutive models both for concrete and steel as well as particular computational skills. If prestressing, cracking, crack opening, material softening, etc. are also to be taken into account, then the computational task can far exceed the capabilities of an ordinary engineer. In order for the calculations to be carried out in a traditional design office, simplified calculation methods are needed. Preferably based on the linear finite element (FE) method with a simple approach that takes into account material nonlinearities. In this paper the simplified analysis of hollow-core slabs based on the generalized nonlinear constitutive law is presented. In the proposed method a simple decomposition of the traditional iterative linear finite element analysis and the non-linear algebraic analysis of the plate cross-section is used. Through independent analysis of the plate cross-section in different deformation states, a degraded plate stiffness can be obtained, which allows iterative update of displacements and rotations in the nodes of the FE model. Which in turn allows to update the deformation state and then correct translations and rotations in the nodes again. The results obtained from the full detailed 3D nonlinear FEM model and from the proposed approach are compared for different slab cross-sections. The obtained results from both models are consistent.
Professional training of pianists in Chinese colleges: the specifics of work on a musical piece
Authors: Qiuyue Chen
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the methodological features of professional training of pianists in music colleges in China and identifies the specifics of the work of teachers and students on a musical piece. Work on a piece of music is associated with certain difficulties and involves several stages – from reciting from paper to completion in the form of an exam or a concert performance. The final stage can be considered endless; there are no limits to perfection especially when it comes to the learning process. In Chinese music colleges, great attention is paid to students’ mastery of not only rich basic knowledge about music but also solid musical performance skills in accordance with the practice-oriented approach. Work on a musical piece is necessarily divided into several stages at each of which the process of musical training is focused on the repetition of technical exercises and rote memorization. From the point of Western pedagogs, such an approach to training is considered unproductive. However, it corresponds to such national character traits of Chinese people as diligence, hard work, and perseverance. The article explores the effective methods of training ensuring high results in the professional training of pianists in Chinese colleges.
Synthesis of the digital regulator of the main contour of the three-circuit system of the linear electric drive of the working body of the mechanism of onboard aviation equipment
Authors: Denisov Y. O. , Denisov O. I. , Bursala O. O.
Published: July 2021

Goal The purpose of the article is to further develop analytical methods for calculating and synthesizing power electronics systems with deep pulse width modulation (PWM). A three-circuit linear electric drive system for positioning the working body of the mechanism of onboard aircraft equipment, in which the linear electric motor is controlled from a pulse width converter (PWC), is considered. The power converter is included in the current loop. It has a noticeable effect on the level of current ripple, travel speed and positioning accuracy of the operating mechanism of a linear electric drive. Methodology. To analyze the processes in the current loop, a discrete transfer function of a pulse-width converter for PWM in the final zone and «in the large» is obtained on the basis of the statistical linearization of the modulation characteristics of the multi-loop PWM model. The modulation characteristic of each circuit of the model is obtained as a result of the Fourier series expansion in Walsh functions of the output voltage of the PWM during the PWM process. Statistical linearization of modulation characteristics is performed based on Hermite polynomials. Results. During the analysis, discrete transfer functions of closed current loops, velocity and open loop position were obtained, for which a digital controller was synthesized in the form of a recursive filter. Originality. The parameters of the regulator links are found, which make it possible to complete the transient process in four PWC switching periods with an overshoot of no more than 6 %. The analysis of the speed-optimized positioning process of a linear electric drive based on the LED AT 605TU motor is carried out. Practical significance. The purpose of the analysis was to establish the relationship between the switching period of the PWM and the value of the uncompensated constant, at which the pulsations of the positioning process are minimal while ensuring the minimum overshoot and maximum speed. It was found that the specified requirements are satisfied by the ratio between the switching period, PWC and uncompensated constant in the range of one or two.
Lyme Prosthetic Joint Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ali Muzaffar , Kamson Anthony O. , Hussain Nadia , King Scott G.
Published: July 2021

Case:

An 81-year-old man from the northeastern United States presented with an acute Borrelia burgdorferi prosthetic joint infection (PJI) 15 years after undergoing a right total knee arthroplasty. He had no complications until his recent presentation. He was treated with irrigation and debridement with implant retention. Synovial fluid Lyme polymerase chain reaction and serological tests were positive. Postoperatively, he received oral doxycycline and at 6 weeks was asymptomatic. Four months later, he died of neuroborreliosis vasculitis, a complication of Lyme.

Conclusion:

We recommend considering Lyme disease as a cause of culture-negative PJIs in endemic regions. Early surgical treatment may mitigate adverse outcomes of Lyme.
Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years
Authors: Brodie Katherine , Conery Ian , Cohn Nicholas , Spore Nicholas , Palmsten Margaret
Published: July 2021

Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (HABs) and US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) : research and services
Authors: Pokrzywinski Kaytee , Grasso Christopher , Rycroft Taylor
Published: July 2021

This factsheet details the research and services available from the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center–Environmental Laboratory’s Harmful Algal Blooms team.
A quantitative risk assessment method for synthetic biology products in the environment
Authors: Rycroft Taylor , Hamilton Kerry , Haas Charles , Linkov Igor
Published: July 2021

The need to prevent possible adverse environmental health impacts resulting from synthetic biology (SynBio) products is widely acknowledged in both the SynBio risk literature and the global regulatory community. However, discussions of potential risks of SynBio products have been largely speculative, and the attempts to characterize the risks of SynBio products have been non-uniform and entirely qualitative. As the discipline continues to accelerate, a standardized risk assessment framework will become critical for ensuring that the environmental risks of these products are characterized in a consistent, reliable, and objective manner that incorporates all SynBio-unique risk factors. Current established risk assessment frameworks fall short of the features required of this standard framework. To address this, we propose the Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Synthetic Biology Products (QRASynBio) – an incremental build on established risk assessment methodologies that supplements traditional paradigms with the SynBio risk factors that are currently absent and necessitates quantitative analysis for more transparent and objective risk characterizations. The proposed framework facilitates defensible quantification of the environmental risks of SynBio products in both foreseeable and hypothetical use scenarios. Additionally, we show how the proposed method can promote increased experimental investigation into the likelihood of hazard and exposure parameters and highlight the parameters where uncertainty should be reduced, leading to more targeted risk research and more precise characterizations of risk.
Cognitive Capacity Genomewide Polygenic Scores Identify Individuals Resilient to Cognitive Decline in Aging 
Authors: Joo Yoonjung Yoonie , Cha Jiook , Freese Jeremy , Hayes M Geoffrey
Published: July 2021

The genetic underpinnings of cognitive resilience in aging remains unknown. Predicting an individual’s rate of cognitive decline—or cognitive resilience—using genetics will allow personalized intervention for cognitive enhancement and optimal selection of target samples in clinical trials. Here, using genome-wide polygenic scores(GPS) of cognitive capacity as the genomic indicators for variations of human intelligence, we examined the genetic liability of cognitive abilities in the behavioral/cognitive phenome to understand individual phenotypic differences over time. We analyzed the 18-year records of the cross-sectional and longitudinal sociogenomic data of 8,511 European-ancestry adults from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), especially focusing on the cognitive assessments that were repeatedly administered to the participants at their average ages of 64.5 and 71.5. Our linear mixed-effects model identified a significant interaction effect between age and cognitive capacity GPS, which indicates that a higher cognitive capacity GPS significantly correlates with a slower cognitive decline in the domain of immediate memory recall (p-value = 1.79E-03, β = 1.86E-01). Also, the phenome-wide analysis identified several significant associations of cognitive capacity GPSs on the cognitive and behavioral phenome, such as Similarities task (p-value = 3.59E-74, β = 1.36, 95% CI=(1.22, 1.51)), Number Series task(p-value = 2.55E-78, β = 0.94, 95% CI=(0.85, 1.04)), IQ scores(p-value = 7.74E-179, β = 1.42, 95% CI=(1.32, 1.51)), high school class rank (p-value = 3.07E-101, β = 1.86, 95% CI=(1.69, 2.02), Openness from the BIG 5 personality factor(p-value = 2.19E-14, β = 0.57, 95% CI=(0.42, 0.71)), and social participation of reading books (p-value = 2.03E-21, β = 0.50, 95% CI=(0.40, 0.60)), attending cultural events, such as concerts, plays or museums (p-value = 2.06E-23, β = 0.60, 95% CI=(0.49, 0.72)), and watching TV (p-value = 4.16E-18, β=-0.48, 95% CI=(-0.59, -0.37)). As the first phenome-wide analysis of cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, this study presents the novel genetic protective effects of cognitive ability on the decline of memory recall in an aging population.
Exposure to Urban Heavy Metal Contamination Diminishes Bumble Bee Colony Growth
Authors: Scott Sarah Barbara , Sivakoff Frances S , Gardiner Mary M
Published: July 2021

1. As a result of their industrial past, legacy cites often have elevated concentrations of soil heavy metal contamination. Metal pollution can have negative and prolonged ecosystem impacts, and bees that forage in these urban ecosystems are at risk of exposure. Legacy cities are known to support species rich bee communities, which highlights the importance of determining the impact of heavy metal contamination on wild bee health. 2. We examined how oral exposure to concentrations of four heavy metals found within the provisions of urban bees influenced colony growth of Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a common species within legacy cities across the eastern United States. Colony weight and brood survivorship were compared among hives fed uncontaminated sucrose solution (hereafter nectar), nectar spiked with one metal (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or lead), and nectar containing all metals, after 15 or 30 d of exposure within flight tents. 3. Across both exposure periods, we found a significantly higher proportion of dead brood in metal exposed hives. Additionally, colonies fed all four metals had a significantly higher proportion of dead brood than those fed a single metal. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings illustrate that even low, environmentally relevant concentrations of metals collected by B. impatiens in legacy cities can negatively influence bee colony fitness. We highlight the need to identify metal exposure routes for bees in contaminated landscapes to minimize risk and bolster conservation habitat initiative success.
False-Positive Findings on Bone Scintigraphy After MRI-Guided Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Osseous Oligometastasis.
Authors: Hama Yukihiro , Tate Etsuko
Published: July 2021

Radical radiation therapy for oligorecurrent prostate cancer is considered to improve both overall and disease-specific survival. Therefore, accurate diagnosis by imaging is important when considering the indications for radiation therapy. We present a case of marginal recurrence of bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with radical radiation therapy, which could not be detected by bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) but could be diagnosed by 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT). Bone SPECT/CT showed false-positive tracer uptake in the lesion previously irradiated. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan showed no abnormal uptake in the previously irradiated lesion, but showed intense uptake in the newly developed metastasis near the irradiated site. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan may be able to diagnose marginal recurrence after radiation therapy more accurately than bone SPECT/CT.
SyncoPE: A Rare Presentation of Pulmonary Embolism - A Case Report
Authors: Hasnie Ammar , Kahn Mauricio , Heudebert Gustavo
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The S1Q3T3 pattern is neither sensitive nor specific for pulmonary embolisms; however, it can help guide clinical management in a patient with a vague presentation including syncope. Case Presentation: An elderly male presented to the hospital after an unwitnessed syncopal event. His initial EKG on admission revealed an S1Q3T3 pattern which prompted concern for a possible pulmonary embolism as the cause of his syncopal event. Further imaging confirmed the diagnosis.Conclusion: Syncope offers a long list of possible causes, but pulmonary embolism is commonly missed on the differential diagnosis. Our patients’ acute EKG findings ultimately helped guide our management to correctly diagnose our patient with a newfound pulmonary embolism as the cause of his syncopal event.
The Effects of the Nonnative Brittle Star Ophiothela Mirabilis Verrill, 1867 on the Feeding Performance of an Octocoral Host in a Southwestern Atlantic Rocky Shore
Authors: Derviche Patrick , Lana Paulo da Cunha
Published: July 2021

The Pacific epizoic brittle star Ophiothela mirabilis Verrill, 1867 has widely spread and colonized hosts at high densities along the Western Atlantic. We assessed the impacts of O. mirabilis on the feeding performance of the preferred host Leptogorgia punicea (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857) through in situ experiments using incubation chambers and estimated its putative effects on the benthic-pelagic coupling processes of a rocky shore system. The feeding rates and heterotrophic carbon inputs of L. punicea treatments with high colonization by O. mirabilis (5.4 ± 0.6 individuals cm− 2 of host area) were compared to host controls naturally without brittle stars. No significant differences in host feeding performance were observed between the control and treatments. Overall, L. punicea ingested 2,688,569 ± 1,627,948 particles g DW (dry weight)−1 hour− 1 (mean ± standard deviation), corresponding to 156.8 ± 207.5 µg of carbon (C) g DW− 1 hour− 1. Therefore, although octocorals hosting O. mirabilis may have impaired polyp opening and extension, their feeding performance remains similar. In this sense, the impact of O. mirabilis on the carbon flux of the rocky shore system driven by octocoral ingestion is minimal. The grazing rate of 67.4 ± 89.2 mg C m− 2 day− 1 highlights the significant role of L. punicea in such benthic-pelagic coupling processes. Notwithstanding, further laboratory and field experimental studies assessing the effects on host taxa with distinct morphological and functional features are needed to better understand the responses of the recipient hard-bottom systems along the Western Atlantic to increasing densities of O. mirabilis.
Long-term Visual Quality after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) and Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK) for Low Myopia
Authors: Fu Mengjun , Li Meiyan , Wei Ruoyan , Zhang Chuanwei , Huang Yangyi , Niu Lingling , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Haorun , Zhou Xingtao
Published: July 2021

Background: Few studies have reported the visual outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for myopia correction. This study aims to compare the visual quality and corneal wavefront aberrations after SMILE and LASEK for low-myopia correction.Methods: In this prospective study, we included 29 eyes of 29 patients who received SMILE, and 23 eyes of 23 patients who received LASEK between June 2018 and January 2019. The following measurements were assessed: uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal wavefront aberrations, and subjective visual quality. All patients were followed up for two years.Results: All procedures were uneventful. An efficacy index of 1.19 ± 0.17 was established in the SMILE group and 1.23 ± 0.20 in the LASEK group. No eyes lost more than two lines of CDVA. We found that 93% (27/29) of the treated eyes in the SMILE group and 91% (21/23) in the LASEK group had spherical equivalent (SE) within ± 0.25D. The increases in the total corneal spherical aberration and the corneal front spherical aberration were lower in the SMILE group than in the LASEK group (P < 0.01). In contrast, the increases in the total corneal vertical coma and the corneal front vertical coma in the SMILE group were greater than those in the LASEK group (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Both SMILE and LASEK have good safety, stability, and patient-reported satisfaction for low myopia. SMILE induced less corneal spherical aberration but greater vertical coma than LASEK.
Willingness to pay for breast cancer screening by providing basic and more complete information
Authors: Moeeni Maryam , Rahmani Shiva , Yousefi Mahmood , Nosratnejad Shirin
Published: July 2021

Background

Mammography screening is the most sensitive and specific test that can be conducted along with the clinical examination for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, like other tests, mammography screening is not a perfect test and has some limitations. The purpose of the present study is to measure women’s willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography by providing them with basic and more complete information.
Method:

In this study, 450 women aged 35–55 years were assigned into two groups of equal numbers. The first group was provided only with the basic information on 225 women, while the other group was provided with more complete information. The double bounded dichotomous choice method was used to extract women’s willingness to pay for mammography screening.
Result

The mean willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography was estimated as 26.14$ in the group receiving basic information and 21.41$ in the group receiving complete information.The results of interval regression analysis reported age of woman at the time interview, her occupation status, her education status, whether or not she had complementary insurance, and her prior experience of mammography as correlates of willingness to pay for mammography screening.
Conclusion

The more women have knowledge about all aspects of mammography screening, the more they are ready to utilize it. The results suggest the women can balance the possible benefits of mammography screening against its demerits.
Platelet-to-hemoglobin ratio as a valuable predictor of long-term all-Cause mortality in coronary artery disease patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Bao Kunming , Huang Haozhang , Huang Guoyong , Wang Junjie , Liao Ying , Pan Yuxiong , Chen Weihua , Lu Jin , Yang Yanfang , Huang Zhidong , Chen Shiqun , Chen Kaihong , Chen Liling
Published: July 2021

Background
The platelet-to-hemoglobin ratio (PHR) has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients after PCI but not clear in CAD complicated with congestive heart failure (CHF). Hence, we aimed to assess the association between PHR and long-term all-cause mortality among CAD patients with CHF.
Methods
Based on the registry at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital in China, we analyzed data of 2,599 hospitalized patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and were diagnosed with CAD complicated by CHF from January 2007 to December 2018. Low PHR was defined as˂1.69 (group 1) and high PHR as ≥ 1.69 (group 2). Prognosis analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier methods. To assess the association between PHR and long-term all-cause mortality, a Cox-regression model was fitted.
Results
During a median follow-up of 5.2 (3.1–7.8) years, a total of 985 (37.9%) patients died. On the Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients in high PHR group had a worse prognosis than low PHR group (log-rank, p = 0.0011). After adjustment for confounders, high PHR was correlated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality in CAD patients complicated with CHF. (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.41, p = 0.02).
Conclusion
Elevated PHR is correlated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality in CAD patients with CHF. These results indicate that PHR may be a useful prognostic biomarker for this population. Meanwhile, it is necessary to take effective preventive measures to regulate both hemoglobin levels and platelet counts in this population.
Comparative Liver Transcriptome Analysis on Kunming mice with Streptozotocin and Natural Food Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: WU YANJUN , ZHU XIANGXING , Odiba Arome Solomon , LIN Zisheng , WEN JIANCONG , GONG DAOYUAN , LIANG JING , WU Shuguang , LAN Ganqiu
Published: July 2021

Background: Streptozotocin is a classic drug used to induce diabetic animal models. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the liver transcriptome of diabetic Kunming mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ) or Non-STZ. Methods: Forty male mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups, namely Control (Ctr, standard diet), mHH (high fat and high carbohydrate diet), mHS (high fat and high carbohydrate diet for 4 weeks followed by 60 mg/kg STZ for 3 consecutive days) and mSH (60 mg/kg STZ for 3 consecutive days and then fed with high fat and high carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks). All mice injected with STZ were identified as diabetes despite the sequential feeding of high fat and high carbohydrate diet. Results: Only 7 of 13 mice in mHH group met the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. The FBG of mHH, mHS, mSH and Ctrl groups were 13.27 ± 1.14, 15.01 ± 2.59, 15.95 ± 4.38 and 6.28 ± 0.33 mmol/L at 12th week, respectively. Compared with mHH group, the transcriptions of 85 genes were elevated in liver of mHS mice while 21 genes were down-regulated, and 97 genes were shown to be up-regulated in mSH group while 35 genes were decreased. Total 43 co-expressed genes were identified in mHSvsmHH and mSHvsmHH groups. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses showed that there were 2 corporate GO terms and 2 KEGG pathways significantly annotated in STZ-treated groups. Both the GO term and pathway were related to the metabolism mediated by p53. Conclusion: High fat and high carbohydrate diet combined with low dose of STZ can effectively induce diabetic models in Kunming mice despite the abnormal expressions of genes in the liver. The differentially expressed genes were related to the metabolism mediated by p53.
Short-term effect of modest salt reduction combined with the CM-DASH diet on salt eating habits in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes: A randomized, control, single-blind trial
Authors: Chen Dan , Tang Jie , Gong Tao , Mu Lisha , Li Jing , Yu Pingping , Wang Hao , Rao Huakun , Mu Lihong , Mei Ying
Published: July 2021

Background Excessive salt intake is currently the foremost universal risk factor for controllable chronic disease. Reducing salt intake has been identified as one of the most cost-effective measures countries can adopt to improve the health outcomes of their populations. This study evaluated the short-term effects of a modest salt intake reduction combined with the Chinese Modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (CM-DASH) diet on salt intake, certain biochemical parameters, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes. Methods Sixty-one participants were randomized to the intervention group (52% low-sodium salt and DASH intervention [n = 30, 11 men]) and control group (normal salt and DASH intervention [n = 31, 14 men]). An 8-week dietary intervention was applied. Daily salt intake, blood pressure, and drug use were recorded every week. Twenty-four-hour urine samples, casual urine samples, and blood samples were measured at baseline, the fourth week, and the end of the intervention.Results Of the 61 participants, 59 patients (25 men and 34 women) completed the entire study. The daily salt intake of all patients significantly decreased compared with at baseline (P < 0.001). The Na+/K+ ratio and urine creatinine decreased after the intervention, and the 24-hour urine potassium of the intervention and control groups increased after the intervention and the fourth week, respectively. Additionally, 24-hour UNa, (MAU), and urinary microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR) decreased significantly after the intervention but increased after the fourth week. Finally, MAP and PP both decreased after the intervention, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion A modest salt reduction and the CM-DASH diet for hypertensive patients with type II diabetes can achieve the effect of salt reduction in a short period. Before and after individual comparisons, sodium and potassium intake, MAU, MAP, and PP were improved, but no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regardless of the use of 52% sodium limited formula salt or traditional table salt. The salt reduction effect needs to be investigated with an extended follow-up.Trail registration ChiCTR2000029017.Registered on 11/01/2020-Prospective registration, http:// www.chictr.org.cn/
A Shared Journey To a Better Future: Mutual Support Among Breast Cancer Survivors and Their First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Chen Shao-Hua , Liu Jun-E , Guo Dong-Mei , Su Ya-Li , Liu Yan-Fei
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Breast cancer affects survivors and their first-degree relatives. They face breast cancer together as a unit. This study aimed to explore the mutual support of breast cancer survivors and their first-degree relatives in their joint coping with breast cancer.
Methods

A qualitative case study with purposeful sampling was conducted. Ten breast cancer survivors and 21 of their first-degree relatives were recruited for in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis using MAXQDA software.
Results

Three themes were extracted under the overarching theme “a shared journey to a better future”: 1. “Mutual support is needed as we are in the same boat,” suggesting mutual support in responding to breast cancer; 2. “We experience stormy and windy weather during our journey,” emphasizing challenges encountered in providing support; and 3. “Sunny and breezy days are a gift for both of us,” indicating they perceived reciprocity during the process of mutual support.
Conclusions

Mutual support was an important feature of breast cancer survivors and first-degree relatives coping with breast cancer and beneficial to both groups. However, significant challenges in supporting each other were reported, indicating the necessity of external support in coping with breast cancer. Health professionals should not ignore first-degree relatives of breast cancer survivors, and need to support both of these groups.
The Functional and Structural Neural Correlates of Dynamic Balance Impairment and Recovery in Persons with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Joubran Katherin , Bar-Haim Simona , Shmuelof Lior
Published: July 2021

Dynamic balance depends on the interaction between multiple brain networks and is impaired following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). This study aims to characterize the brain functional and structural correlates of ABI-induced dynamic balance impairment and recovery at the chronic-phase following a rehabilitation treatment. 31 participants participated in a novel rehabilitation treatment composed of 22 sessions of perturbation training. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Community Balance and Mobility scale (CB&M) and the 10-Meter Walking Test (10MWT). Brain function was assessed based on resting-state fMRI scans which were analysed using independent component analysis (ICA), and regions of interest analyses. Brain volume was assessed using structural MRI and compared to age-matched and elderly participants. ICA revealed a reduction in component-related activation within the sensorimotor and cerebellar networks post-intervention (p < 0.035). Improvement in CB&M scale was associated with a reduction in FC within the cerebellar network (p = 0.023) and with baseline FC within the cerebellar-putamen (p = 0.002) and cerebellar-thalamic networks (p = 0.026). Improvement in 10MWT was associated with baseline FC within the cerebellar-putamen (p = 0.012) and cerebellar-cortical networks (p = 0.017, p = 0.004, p < 0.001and p = 0.005). A global brain volume reduction was found in the ABI-group when compared to the age-matched controls (p < 0.001), which was negatively associated with ABI chronicity, but not associated with CB&M scale. Our results show that dynamic balance recovery is associated with FC changes within and between the cerebellar and sensorimotor networks that are consistent with the contribution of modularity to balance control and recovery. The diffused atrophy post-ABI indicates that ABI led to a degenerative process.
Automated Screener Based on Convolutional Neural Network for Randomized Controlled Trials in Chinese Language: A Comparative Study of Different Classification Strategies
Authors: Chen Shengkai , Mao Bochun , Xie Yu , Yao Pan , Li Chunjie , Yang Sijin , Dong Li , Li Bo
Published: July 2021

Objective: To explore the influence of modified literature classification strategies of Chinese biomedical literature on an automated screener based on conventional algorithm.Methods: Citations of studies indexed as ‘Oral Science’ published in Chinese between 2014 and 2018 were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Apart from dividing the studies into 2 categories (RCTs and non-RCTs), 3-category (RCTs, may-be-RCTs, and non-RCTs) and 5-category (RCTs, randomization-unclear controlled trials, non-randomized clinical trials/studies, non-clinical literature, and unclear) classification were also employed. The multi-category strategies took into consideration the diversity of study types and the presence of expression vagueness. Similar to real-world practice, full-text-needed studies included those that certainly concerned RCTs and those that might be RCTs but lacked information in their abstracts. Screening and classification were performed independently by 2 experienced researchers. The classification results after peer discussion and/or senior decision were used for the training of the CNN model. The probability thresholds for the classification of each category were set at a high sensitivity level.The area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) was calculated when applicable. An isolated sample of citations was used in a prospective comparative trial that compared the sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of screening RCTs, may-be-RCTs, and full-text-needed studies by using algorithms with different strategies and manual screening.Results:In total, 12,166 citations were used for CNN model training. All 3 training strategies performed well in RCTs-screening with AUCs being higher than 0.99. The training exhibited that, when screening for RCTs, the 5- and 3-category strategies can yield better performance than the 2-category strategy. When screening for may-be-RCTs and full text-needed studies, the 5-category model achieved better SENs while the 3-category model achieved higher SPEs. The comparative trial with 1,422 samples presented similar results.Conclusion: The CNN algorithm has promising results in the automatic screening of Chinese literature. The multi-category training strategies considering different study types and expression vagueness are more suitable for CNN training and can help achieve better screening sensitivity and specificity.
Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Fungal Species Associated with Crown Rot of Strawberry in South Korea
Authors: Hassan Oliul , Chang Taehyun
Published: July 2021

Crown and root rot is the most important and destructive strawberry diseases in Korea as it causessubstantial economic loss. In August 2020, a severe outbreak of crown and root rot on strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) was observed in the greenhouse at Sangju, South Korea. Infected plantlets displayed browning rot within the crown and root, stunted growth, and poor rooting. Thirty fungal isolates were procured from the affected plantlet. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test as well as sequence data obtained from internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, translation elongation factor,and RNA polymerase Ⅱ-second largest subunit. Results showed that thecrown and root rot of strawberry in Korea was caused by three distinct fungal species:Fusarium oxysporum species complex, F. solani species complex, andPlectosphaerella cucumerina. To the best of our knowledge,F. solani species complex andP. cucumerinaare reported for the first time as the causal agents of the crown and root rot of strawberryin South Korea.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that these isolates are pathogenic to strawberry.Understanding the composition and biology of the pathogen population will be helpful toprovide effectivecontrol strategies for the disease.
High Doses of Dexamethasone Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis by Promoting Calcium Ion Influx-Dependent CHOP Expression in Osteoblasts
Authors: Guo Yunshan , Hao Dingjun
Published: July 2021

Background: The molecular mechanisms by which dexamethasone (Dex) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts remain unclear.Materials and Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0, 10-8, 10-6, and 10-4 M Dex for 24 h. The expression of ATF6, and phosphorylated PERK and IRE1, cell apoptosis, and the activity of caspase-12 and caspase-3 were measured. The expression of CHOP and the rate of influx of calcium ions were also measured in cells treated with 0 and 10-4 M Dex for 24 h. The effect of 2-APB treatment was assessed in cells treated with 0 or 10-4 M Dex.Results: The levels of ATF6 and phosphorylated PERK and IRE1 increased in a dose-dependent manner in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 10-8, 10-6, and 10-4 M Dex, compared to in cells treated with 0 M Dex (P <0.05). Cells treated with 10-6 and 10-4 M Dex had significantly increased cell apoptosis rates and caspase-12 and caspase-3 activity compared to the control (P <0.05). Cells treated with 10-4 M Dex had significantly increased levels of CHOP and calcium ion influx rates compared to in the control (P <0.05). Combined treatment with 10-4 M Dex and 2-APB abrogated the observed increases in cell apoptosis and the activity of caspase-12 and caspase-3 (P>0.05). Conclusion: High doses of Dex induce endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by promoting calcium ion influx-dependent expression of CHOP, and the activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3 in osteoblasts. Combined treatment with 2-APB protects the cells from the effects of Dex, preventing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.
Targeted Cognitive Game Training Enhances Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Interferon Beta 1-a
Authors: Menascu Shay , Aloni Roy , Dolev Mark , Magalashvili David , Gutman Keren , Alster Sapir Dreyer , Tarpin-Bernard Franck , Achiron Ran , Harari Gil , Achiron Anat
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPrevention of cognitive decline in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is of major importance. We explored the effect of short-term computerized game training on cognitive performance in MS patients with mild cognitive impairment.MethodsWe enrolled in this prospective study 100 eligible MS patients treated with Interferon-beta-1a (Rebif). All had mild cognitive impairment in either executive function or information processing speed. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either use the cognitive games platform byHappyNeuron (HN) or receive no intervention. Executive function and information processing speed scores were measured at 3 and 6 months from baseline to evaluate the effect of game training on cognitive scores.ResultsIn both executive function and information processing speed, the game Training group showed significant improvement after 3 and 6 months. The Non-Training group showed mild deterioration in both domains at 3 months, and further deterioration that became significant at 6 months in executive function. Furthermore, at 6 months, the percent of patients in the Training group that improved or remained stable in both cognitive domains was significantly higher compared to the Non-Training group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive game training has a beneficial effect on cognitive performance in MS patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment. While further evaluation is required to assess the longevity of that effect, we nonetheless recommend to MS patients to be engaged in cognitive gaming practice as part of a holistic approach to treating their condition.
Anlotinib Exerts Potent Antileukemic Activities in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Via Attenuation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascade
Authors: Chen Qiuling , Lai Qian , Jiang Yuelong , Chen Qinwei , Chen Guoshu , Li Guowei , deng manman , Xu Bing
Published: July 2021

Background: Adult patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have unfavorable prognosis. Recurrent disease is the major challenge for treatment success and has limited effective therapeutic strategies, suggesting that alternative therapeutics are unmet medical needs. Anlotinib, a novel multi-target inhibitor, is capable of blunting the proangiogenic activity of VEGFR, PDGFR and FGFR, and has shown strong antitumor effects across distinct solid tumors. No study to date has investigated the antileukemic efficacy of Anlotinib in B-ALL, thus prompting us to initiate this study.Methods: A published B-ALL microarray data was analyzed to identify the novel potential treatment choice using Expression2Kinases program. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Annexin V/PI staining kit and staining kit were used to assess cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, respectively. The mechanism of action of Anlotinib was investigated with Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. A B-ALL Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) animal model was generated and then use to analyze the in vivo antileukemia activity of Anlotinib.Results: In this study, we observed that recurrent B-ALL patients exhibited high proangiogenic activity relative to newly-diagnosed patients, as evidenced by upregulation of VEGF/VEGFR signaling and its downstream targets, including PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway. In vitro studies demonstrated that Anlotinib was potent to reduce cell viability, induce cell apoptosis and block cell cycle at G2/M phase in B-ALL cells. In a patient-derived-xenograft (PDX) model, Anlotinib dramatically attenuated leukemia burden and improved prognosis as compared to the control group. Mechanistically, blockade of three important proangiogenic mediators, comprising VEGFR2, PDGFR-beta and FGFR3, played a critical role in the cytotoxicity of Anlotinib against B-ALL. Moreover, Anlotinib significantly dampened the activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which resides in the convergence of these proangiogenic signals, manifested by dephosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR.Conclusions: In summary, our results indicate that Anlotinib exerts potent anti-leukemic efficacy in B-ALL preclinical models via perturbation of proangiogenic signalings and inactivation of the common downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. This work provides evidence and a rationale for future evaluation of Anlotinib in B-ALL management in clinical settings.
A Genome-Wide Association Study for Fumonisin Contamination Resistance in Tropical Maize
Authors: Silva KARLA Jorge , Guimarães Claudia Teixeira , Tinoco Sylvia Morais de Sousa , Bernardino Karine da Costa , Trindade Roberto dos Santos , Queiroz Valéria Aparecida Vieira , Conceição Renata Regina Pereira da , Guilhen José Henrique Soler , de Oliveira Natanael Tavares , Damasceno Cynthia Maria Borges , Noda Roberto Willians , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Melo Janaína de Oliveira , Pastina Maria Marta
Published: July 2021

Native genetic resistance has been considered an effective and environmentally safe alternative to control fungal infections and to reduce mycotoxins accumulation in maize grains. Marker-assisted breeding can be used to accelerate the genetic gains for fumonisin contamination resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for resistance to fumonisin contamination in an Embrapa’s tropical maize panel. Two-hundred and five inbreed lines were evaluated in three field trials Brazil in order to quantify fumonisin contamination in maize grains. The lines were genotyped-by-sequencing (GBS), generating 385,654 high-quality polymorphic SNPs. Mycotoxins in the grain samples were isolated using commercial immunoaffinity columns and its concentrations were evaluated by fluorometric technique. Nine quantitative trait loci (QTL) were found associated with fumonisin concentration resistance in maize. Seven candidate genes with annotated functions associated with biosynthetic pathways of pathogen resistance and four genes have not been previously described as related to fumonisins contamination resistance. These findings will be important to better understand the fumonisin contamination resistance and to support the development of SNP markers to accelerate the selection process in tropical maize breeding programs.
An Asymmetric Quasi-zero Stiffness Vibration Isolator with Long Stroke and Large Bearing Capacity
Authors: Zhou Xinghua , Zhao Dingxuan , Sun Xiao , Yang Xiao , Zhang Jianhai , Ni Tao , Tang Kehong
Published: July 2021

A novel passive asymmetric quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator (AQZS-VI) comprising two linear springs acting in parallel with one negative stiffness element (NSE) is proposed, of which the NSE is mainly constructed by the combination of cantilever plate spring and L-shaped lever (CPS-LSL). The static model of the isolator is deduced considering the geometrical nonlinearity of the NSE and the bending deformation of plate spring. The nonlinear stiffness properties of the CPS-LSL and the AQZS-VI, as well as the nonlinear damping properties of the AQZS-VI are discussed. The absolute displacement transmissibility of the AQZS-VI under base displacement excitation is obtained using Harmonic Balance Method, and the effects of different excitation amplitudes and damping factors on the vibration isolation performance are analyzed. Better than other quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolators (QZS-VI) whose NSEs do not provide supporting force at zero stiffness point, the NSE of the AQZS-VI provides more supporting force than the parallel connected linear springs, which is very beneficial for improving the bearing capacity of the isolator. Compared with a typical symmetric QZS-VI with same damping property, the AQZS-VI has longer stroke with low stiffness and lower peak value of displacement transmissibility. The prototype experiments indicate that the AQZS-VI outperforms the linear counterpart with much smaller starting frequency of vibration isolation and lower displacement transmissibility. The proposed AQZS-VI has great potential for applying in various engineering practices with superior vibration isolation performance.
Human Adenoviruses in Paediatric Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections in Beijing, China
Authors: Huang Yiman , Wang Chao , Ma Fenlian , Guo Qiong , Yao Lihong , Chen Aijun , Luo Xiaoyi , Zheng Lishu
Published: July 2021

Background: Human adenoviruse (HAdV) is a major pathogen of paediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs). We described the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of HAdV in hospitalized children with RTIs in Beijing, China.Methods: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from hospitalized children with RTIs from April 2018 to March 2019. HAdVs were detected by a quantitative real-time PCR, and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. Results: Among 1,572 samples, 90 (5.72%) were HAdV-positive. The HAdV detection rate was highest in November and July. Among HAdV-positive children, 61.11% (55/90) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, the most common of which were human respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus. The main diagnosis was bronchopneumonia, most patient have cough and fever. Children with a high viral load were more likely to have a high fever (P=0.041) and elevated WBC count (P=0.000). Of 55 HAdV-positive specimens, HAdV-B (63.64%), HAdV-C (27.27%), and HAdV-E (9.09%) were main epidemic subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that hexon sequences of three samples were on the same branch with the recombinant HAdV strain (CBJ113), which was circulating in Beijing since 2016. Conclusion: The HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 are the main epidemic strains in Beijing, and the recombinant HAdV-C strain CBJ113 has formed an epidemic trend.