bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO2 Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein
Authors: Matsuura Ryosuke , Lo Chieh-Wen , Wada Satoshi , Somei Junichi , Ochiai Heihachiro , Murakami Takeharu , Saito Norihito , Ogawa Takayo , Shinjo Atsushi , Benno Yoshimi , Nakagawa Masaru , Takei Masami , Aida Yoko
Published: May 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, which is a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted rapidly via contaminated surfaces and aerosols, emphasizing the importance of environmental disinfection to block the spread of virus. Ultraviolet C radiation and chemical compounds are effective for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, but can only be applied in the absence of humans due to their toxicities. Therefore, development of disinfectants that can be applied in working spaces without evacuating people is needed. Here we showed that TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reaction inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in a time-dependent manner and decreases its infectivity by 99.9% after 20 min and 120 min of treatment in aerosol and liquid, respectively. The mechanistic effects of TiO2 photocatalyst on SARS-CoV-2 virion included decreased total observed virion count, increased virion size, and reduced particle surface spike structure, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Damage to viral proteins and genome was further confirmed by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. The multi-antiviral effects of TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reaction implies universal disinfection potential for different infectious agents. Notably, TiO2 has no adverse effects on human health, and therefore, TiO2-induced photocatalytic reaction is suitable for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious disease-causing agents in human habitation.
Thoughts on African Swine Fever Vaccines
Authors: Rock Daniel L.
Published: May 2021

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine with mortality rates approaching 100%. Devastating ASF outbreaks and continuing epidemics starting in the Caucasus region and now in the Russian Federation, Europe, China, and other parts of Southeast Asia (2007 to date) highlight its significance. ASF strain Georgia-07 and its derivatives are now endemic in extensive regions of Europe and Asia and are “out of Africa” forever, a situation that poses a grave if not an existential threat to the swine industry worldwide. While our current concern is Georgia-07, other emerging ASFV strains will threaten for the indefinite future. Economic analysis indicates that an ASF outbreak in the U.S. would result in approximately $15 billion USD in losses, assuming the disease is rapidly controlled and the U.S. is able to reenter export markets within two years. ASF’s potential to spread and become endemic in new regions, its rapid and efficient transmission among pigs, and the relative stability of the causative agent ASF virus (ASFV) in the environment all provide significant challenges for disease control. Effective and robust methods, including vaccines for ASF response and recovery, are needed immediately.
Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Canine Distemper Virus and Response to Vaccination in Client-Owned Adult Healthy Dogs
Authors: Bergmann Michèle , Freisl Monika , Zablotski Yury , Khan Md Anik Ashfaq , Speck Stephanie , Truyen Uwe , Hartmann Katrin
Published: May 2021

Re-vaccinations against canine distemper virus (CDV) are commonly performed in 3-year intervals. The study’s aims were to determine anti-CDV antibodies in healthy adult dogs within 28 days of vaccination against CDV, and to evaluate factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination antibodies and with the antibody response to vaccination. Ninety-seven dogs, not vaccinated within 1 year before enrollment, were vaccinated with a modified live CDV vaccine. A measurement of the antibodies was performed before vaccination (day 0), on day 7, and 28 after the vaccination by virus neutralization. A response to vaccination was defined as a ≥4-fold titer increase by day 28. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine factors associated with a lack of antibodies and vaccination response. In total, 94.8% of the dogs (92/97; CI 95%: 88.2–98.1) had antibodies (≥10) prior to vaccination. A response to vaccination was not observed in any dog. Five dogs were considered humoral non-responders; these dogs neither had detectable antibodies before, nor developed antibodies after vaccination. Young age (<2 years) was significantly associated with a lack of pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 0.018; OR: 26.825; 95% CI: 1.216–1763.417). In conclusion, necessity of re-vaccination in adult healthy dogs should be debated and regular vaccinations should be replaced by antibody detection.
Use of a Novel Peptide Welding Technology Platform for the Development of B- and T-Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines
Authors: Nicoli Francesco , Pacifico Salvatore , Gallerani Eleonora , Marzola Erika , Albanese Valentina , Finessi Valentina , Llewellyn-Lacey Sian , Price David A. , Appay Victor , Marconi Peggy , Guerrini Remo , Caputo Antonella , Gavioli Riccardo
Published: May 2021

Peptide vaccines incorporating B- and T-cell epitopes have shown promise in the context of various cancers and infections. These vaccines are relatively simple to manufacture, but more immunogenic formulations are considered a priority. We developed tetrabranched derivatives for this purpose based on a novel peptide welding technology (PWT). PWTs provide molecular scaffolds for the efficient synthesis of ultrapure peptide dendrimers, which allow the delivery of multiple ligands within a single macromolecular structure. Peptide vaccines incorporating T-cell epitopes derived from melanoma and B-cell epitopes derived from human immunodeficiency virus, synthesized using this approach, elicited primary immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Subcutaneous administration of the B-cell epitope-based vaccines also elicited more potent humoral responses than subcutaneous administration of the corresponding peptides alone. Highly immunogenic peptide epitope-based vaccines can therefore be generated quickly and easily using a novel PWT.
Barriers Associated with the Uptake Ratio of Seasonal Flu Vaccine and Ways to Improve Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Young Health Care Workers in Poland
Authors: Kałucka Sylwia , Grzegorczyk-Karolak Izabela
Published: May 2021

Despite not being full-time health care workers, annual flu vaccination is nevertheless an important consideration for medical students. This study examined the reasons for refusing flu vaccination among medical students, a group characterized by low vaccination coverage, despite the fact that the flu vaccine is arguably the most effective way of preventing serious flu complications. A cross-sectional survey was performed of 1313 students at the Medical University of Lodz. The findings indicate that the main sites of vaccination were primary care centers, and main source of information about influenza vaccination (about 90% of cases) was the general practitioner (GP). The most common motivations for vaccination were a recommendation by the family doctor or the belief that it was an important factor for protection against influenza. Most students reported various adverse effects after vaccination, usually mild pain at the site of vaccination, malaise, or fever. The main reasons for rejecting influenza vaccination were the apparent low risk of disease, the need for annual vaccination, the need to pay for it, lack of time or opportunity, lack of vaccination promotion, negative attitudes toward the flu vaccine, or the belief that there are other methods of preventing flu. To increase long-term vaccine acceptance and increase the vaccination rate among medical students and qualified health care workers, there is a need to adapt the health system and to initiate ongoing promotion programs at university to raise consciousness, promote vaccinations, and develop clinical skills for immunization.
Immune Responses in Laying Hens after an Infectious Bronchitis Vaccination of Pullets: A Comparison of Two Vaccination Strategies
Authors: Buharideen Sabrina M. , Hassan Mohamed S. H. , Najimudeen Shahnas M. , Niu Dongyan , Czub Markus , Gomis Susantha , Abdul-Careem Mohamed Faizal
Published: May 2021

For decades, vaccinations have been used to limit infectious bronchitis (IB) in both the broiler and layer industries. Depending on the geographical area, live attenuated vaccines are used either alone or in combination with inactivated vaccines to control infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infections. It has been shown that administering inactivated vaccines preceded by priming with live attenuated vaccines in pullets protects laying hens against IB. However, the immunological basis of this protective response has not been adequately investigated. The objective of the study was to compare two vaccination strategies adapted by the Canadian poultry industry in terms of their ability to systemically induce an adequate immune response in IBV-impacted tissues in laying hens. The first vaccination strategy (only live attenuated IB vaccines) and second vaccination strategy (live attenuated and inactivated IB vaccines) were applied. Serum anti-IBV antibodies were measured at two time points, i.e., 3 weeks and 10 weeks post last vaccination. The recruitment of T cell subsets (i.e., CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and the interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression were measured at 10 weeks post last vaccination. We observed that vaccination strategy 2 induced significantly higher serum anti-IBV antibody responses that were capable of neutralizing an IBV Mass variant associated with a flock history of shell-less egg production better than a Delmarva (DMV)1639 variant, as well as a significantly higher IFN-γ mRNA expression in the lungs, kidneys, and oviduct. We also observed that both vaccination strategies recruited CD4+ T cells as well as CD8+ T cells to the examined tissues at various extents. Our findings indicate that vaccination strategy 2 induces better systemic and local host responses in laying hens.
Evolution of Cancer Vaccines—Challenges, Achievements, and Future Directions
Authors: Tay Ban Qi , Wright Quentin , Ladwa Rahul , Perry Christopher , Leggatt Graham , Simpson Fiona , Wells James W. , Panizza Benedict J. , Frazer Ian H. , Cruz Jazmina L. G.
Published: May 2021

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.
Numerical Modeling of Submarine Pipeline Scouring under Tropical Storms
Authors: Huang Panyang , Meng Xin , Dong Haiyang , Chong Lin
Published: May 2021

Submarine pipelines are the lifelines of the national economy. Under the influence of typhoons, high-speed currents and waves continuously erode the seabed, leading to suspension or even rupture of pipelines. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the sediment transport under the action of waves and currents. A numerical model of sediment scouring and deposition combining wave and currents is established, which considered tidal current, storm surges, wind waves, and sediments in the East China Sea. Combining with the monitoring of the actual laying condition of pipelines, it is found that the area with the most serious scouring is around KP300. It is shown that the typhoon weather with high intensity and density will lead to the suspension of pipelines, which is noteworthy in the construction of marine engineering.
Stepped Spillway Slope Effect on Air Entrainment and Inception Point Location
Authors: Raza Awais , Wan Wuyi , Mehmood Kashif
Published: May 2021

Spillway is a crucial hydraulic structure used to discharge excess water from the dam reservoir. Air entrainment is essential to prevent cavitation damage on the spillway, however, without air entrainment the risk of cavitation over the spillway increases. The most important parameter for the determination of air entrainment in stepped spillways is the inception point. The inception point is the location where the air starts to inter into the water flow surface over the spillway. It occurs when the turbulent boundary layer meets the free surface. The location of the inception point depends upon different parameters like flow rate, geometry, step size, and slope of the spillway. The main aim of this study was applying numerical simulation by using the realizable k-ϵ model and the volume of fluid (VOF) method to locate the location of the inception point. For this purpose, by using different stepped spillways with four different slopes (12.5°, 19°, 29°, and 35°) different flow rates were simulated, which gives the location of the inception point of different channel slopes of stepped spillways at different flow rates. The results demonstrated that the inception point location of mild slopes is farther from the crest of the spillway than the steep slope stepped spillway. Non-aerated flow zone length increases when the channel slope decreases from steep to mild slope.
Agricultural Drought Risk Assessment: A Spatial Analysis of Hazard, Exposure, and Vulnerability in Zacatecas, Mexico
Authors: Ortega-Gaucin David , Ceballos-Tavares Jesús A. , Ordoñez Sánchez Alejandro , Castellano-Bahena Heidy V.
Published: May 2021

Drought is one of the major threats to water and food security in many regions around the world. The present study focuses on the evaluation of agricultural drought risk from an integrated perspective, that is, emphasizing the combined role of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability to drought. For this purpose, we used the Mexican state of Zacatecas as a case study. This state is one of the most vulnerable to the adverse effects of agricultural drought in the country. The proposed method includes three stages: first, we analyzed the risk of agricultural drought at the municipal scale using the FAO Agricultural Stress Index System (ASIS) in its country version (Country-Level ASIS) and also determined a Drought Hazard Index (DHI). Subsequently, we conducted a municipal assessment of exposure and vulnerability to drought based on a set of socioeconomic and environmental indicators, which we combined using an analytical procedure to generate the Drought Exposure Index (DEI) and the Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI). Finally, we determined a Drought Risk Index (DRI) based on a weighted addition of the hazard, exposure, and vulnerability indices. Results showed that 32% of the state’s municipalities are at high and very high risk of agricultural drought; these municipalities are located mainly in the center and north of the state, where 75.8% of agriculture is rainfed, 63.6% of production units are located, and 67.4% of the state’s population depends on agricultural activity. These results are in general agreement with those obtained by other studies analyzing drought in the state of Zacatecas using different meteorological drought indices, and the results are also largely in line with official data on agricultural surfaces affected by drought in this state. The generated maps can help stakeholders and public policymakers to guide investments and actions aimed at reducing vulnerability to and risk of agricultural drought. The method described can also be applied to other Mexican states or adapted for use in other states or countries around the world.
Afforestation of Degraded Croplands as a Water-Saving Option in Irrigated Region of the Aral Sea Basin
Authors: Kumar Navneet , Khamzina Asia , Knöfel Patrick , Lamers John P. A. , Tischbein Bernhard
Published: May 2021

Climate change is likely to decrease surface water availability in Central Asia, thereby necessitating land use adaptations in irrigated regions. The introduction of trees to marginally productive croplands with shallow groundwater was suggested for irrigation water-saving and improving the land’s productivity. Considering the possible trade-offs with water availability in large-scale afforestation, our study predicted the impacts on water balance components in the lower reaches of the Amudarya River to facilitate afforestation planning using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The land-use scenarios used for modeling analysis considered the afforestation of 62% and 100% of marginally productive croplands under average and low irrigation water supply identified from historical land-use maps. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in the examined water balance components in all afforestation scenarios based largely on the reduced irrigation demand of trees compared to the main crops. Specifically, replacing current crops (mostly cotton) with trees on all marginal land (approximately 663 km2) in the study region with an average water availability would save 1037 mln m3 of gross irrigation input within the study region and lower the annual drainage discharge by 504 mln m3. These effects have a considerable potential to support irrigation water management and enhance drainage functions in adapting to future water supply limitations.
Cardiovascular disease risk prediction in older people: a qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Denise Ann , Wallis Katharine Ann , Feki Sione , Moala Sione Sengili , Latu Manusiu , Fanueli Elizabeth Fono , Saravanakumar Padmapriya , Wells Susan
Published: May 2021

Background

Despite cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction equations becoming more widely available for people aged ≥75 years, views of older people on CVD risk assessment are unknown.

Aim

To explore older people’s views on CVD risk prediction and its assessment.

Design and setting

Qualitative study of community-dwelling older people in New Zealand.

Method

A diverse group of older people was purposively recruited. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed.

Results

Thirty-nine participants (mean age 74 years) of Māori, Pacific, South Asian, and European ethnicities participated in one of 26 interviews or one of three focus groups. Three key themes emerged: poor knowledge and understanding of CVD and its risk assessment; acceptability and perceived benefit of knowing and receiving advice on managing personal CVD risk; and distinguishing between CVD outcomes — stroke and heart attack are not the same. Most participants did not understand CVD terms, but were familiar with the terms ‘heart attack’ and ‘stroke’, and understood lifestyle risk factors for these events. Participants valued CVD outcomes differently, fearing stroke and disability — which might adversely affect independence and quality of life — but were less concerned about a heart attack, which was perceived as causing less disability or swifter death. These findings and preferences were similar across ethnic groups. All but two participants wanted to know their CVD risk, how to manage it, and distinguish between CVD outcomes. Those who did not wish to know perceived this as something only their God could decide.

Conclusion

To inform clinical decision making for older people, consideration of an individual’s wish to know their risk is important, and risk prediction tools should provide separate event types rather than just composite outcomes.
Usability Study of Enhanced Salat Learning Approach using Motion Recognition System
Authors: Jaafar Nor Azrini , Ismail Nor Azman , Yusoff Yusman Azimi
Published: May 2021

Salat learning is one of the most important processes for every Muslim. The current learning approach requires the teacher or expert to be present in the learning session, which is time and resource-consuming. Previous researchers use both wearable and non-wearable sensors to recognize salat movement. They focus on specific salat movement rather than complete salat movement cycle. This paper present a motion recognition system to enhance salat learning experience. The system helps users recognize the complete salat movements cycle based on salat law by using a multisensor setup for better tracking capability. Three evaluations are conducted to validate the system's performance and its contribution. The first evaluation is to measure success score in recognition accuracy and identify user error. The second evaluation is conducted to compare the proposed system with the traditional-based methodology, and the last evaluation focuses on the user experience and acceptance of the proposed system. The result from performance evaluation shows the system has high accuracy in recognizing salat movement. There is a significant difference in the error rate and success score when comparing the learning methodology. However, users provide positive feedback based on the survey conducted after using the proposed system.
An Anonymous Identity-based With Bilateral Protocol for Smart Grid
Authors: Batamuliza Jennifer , Hanyurwimfura Damien
Published: May 2021

Smart Grid (SG) is a modern digital metering system that was introduced by researchers to take over the traditional electricity infrastructure that existed before by gathering and putting in use the data generated by smart meters and ensure efficiency and reliability in the two directional flow of electricity and data for both the service providers and smart meters. Leakage of customers’ identity causes inconvenience to the customer because he is exposed to theft in his household. Secure anonymous key distribution scheme for SG has been proposed as solution to secure data transfer between service provider and customer. Existing secure anonymous key distribution scheme for SG brings challenge such as being inefficient, having traceability issues and do not stop replay attack hence vulnerable to DoS attacks. In this paper a Secure efficient anonymous identity-based with bilateral protocol is proposed to address the weakness in existing anonymous key distribution schemes. , With this protocol, both smart meter and service provider in (SG) identify each other anonymously in efficient way achieving un-traceability and restisting Replay and DoS attack.
A Personalized Recommendation for Web API Discovery in Social Web of Things
Authors: Meissa Marwa , Benharzallah Saber , Kahloul Laid , Kazar Okba
Published: May 2021

With the explosive growth of Web of Things (WoT) and social web, it is becoming hard for device owners and users to find suitable web Application Programming Interface (API) that meet their needs among a large amount of web APIs. Social-aware and collaborative filtering-based recommender systems are widely applied to recommend personalized web APIs to users and to face the problem of information overload. However, most of the current solutions suffer from the dilemma of accuracy- diversity where the prediction accuracy gains are typically accompanied by losses in the diversity of the recommended APIs due to the influence of popularity factor on the final score of APIs (e.g., high rated or high-invoked APIs). To address this problem, the purpose of this paper is developing an improved recommendation model called (Personalized Web API Recommendation) PWR, which enables to discover APIs and provide personalized suggestions for users without sacrificing the recommendation accuracy. To validate the performance of our model, seven variant algorithms of different approaches (popularity-based, user-based and item-based) are compared using MovieLens 20M dataset. The experiments show that our model improves the recommendation accuracy by 12% increase with the highest score among compared methods. Additionally it outperforms the compared models in diversity over all lengths of recommendation lists. It is envisaged that the proposed model is useful to accurately recommend personalized web API for users.
COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction and Analysis using Self Reported Symptoms
Authors: Sukumaran Rohan , Patwa Parth , T V Sethuraman , Shankar Sheshank , Kanaparti Rishank , Bae Joseph , Mathur Yash , Singh Abhishek , Chopra Ayush , Kang Myungsun , Ramaswamy Priya , Raskar Ramesh
Published: May 2021

It is crucial for policymakers to understand the community prevalence of COVID-19 so combative resources can be effectively allocated and prioritized during the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditionally, community prevalence has been assessed through diagnostic and antibody testing data. However, despite the increasing availability of COVID-19 testing, the required level has not been met in parts of the globe, introducing a need for an alternative method for communities to determine disease prevalence. This is further complicated by the observation that COVID-19 prevalence and spread vary across different spatial, temporal, and demographic verticals. In this study, we study trends in the spread of COVID-19 by utilizing the results of self-reported COVID-19 symptoms surveys as a complement to COVID-19 testing reports. This allows us to assess community disease prevalence, even in areas with low COVID-19 testing ability. Using individually reported symptom data from various populations, our method predicts the likely percentage of the population that tested positive for COVID-19. We achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.14 and mean relative error (MRE) of 60.40% with 95% confidence interval as [60.12, 60.67]. This implies that our model predicts +/- 1140 cases than the original in a population of 1 million. In addition, we forecast the location-wise percentage of the population testing positive for the next 30 days using self-reported symptoms data from previous days. The MAE for this method is as low as 0.15 (MRE of 11.28% with 95% confidence interval [10.9, 11.6]) for New York. We present an analysis of these results, exposing various clinical attributes of interest across different demographics. Lastly, we qualitatively analyze how various policy enactments (testing, curfew) affect the prevalence of COVID-19 in a community.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor Pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA)
Authors: Misrawati Misrawati , Marliah Marliah
Published: May 2021

Pengantar; pada kehamilan normal disertai dengan peningkatan metabolism dan kebutuhan oksigen tinggi untuk oksigen jaringan yang dapat menghasilkan peningkatan stress oksidatif. Tujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberianFe dan tepung daun kelor terhadap kadar malondialdehyde pada ibu hamil. Metode; desain percobaan murni dengan rancangan prauji dan pascauji dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh tepung daun kelor terhadap kadar malondialdehyde setelah implentasi dengan p value 0,028. Pada kelompok Fe setelah impementasi dengan p value 0,492. Tidak ada pengaruh pemberian Fe terhadap kadar MDA.  Setelah implementasi diperoleh rata-rata penurunan kadar malondialdehyde pada kelompok tepung daun kelor sebesar 2,16± 2,21 nmol/ml, kelompok Fe sebesar -0,42± -1,65nmol/ml. Kesimpualn; pemberian tepung daun kelor dapat menurunkan kadar malondialdehyde pada ibu Hamil
Pemberian Biskuit Tepung Ikan Teri dan Tepung Daun Kelor terhadap peningkatan kadar HB dan berat badan ibu hamil
Authors: Arini Arini , Hutagaol Iin Octaviana
Published: May 2021

Pengantar; indikator untuk melihat derajat kesehatan masyarakat dilihat dari Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Tujuan menganalisis pengaruh tepung ikan teri (Stolephorus commersonii) dan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap peningkatan kadar hb dan berat badan ibu hamil. Metode; penentuan Sampel ditentukan dengan cara purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Rancangan penelitian dengan menggunakan experimental one group pre and post-test. Hasil; menunjukkan bahawa ada hubungan antara pemberian biskuit yang diformulasi dengan ikan teri dengan kelor terhadap kenaikan Berat badan ibu selama hamil, HB ibu dan luaran Bayi yang dilahirkan dari ibu ibu yang mengalami anemia. Kesimpulan; bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian biskuit yang sudah di formulasi dengan kelor dengan ikan teri terhadap berat badan ibu, hb dan luaran bayi
Strategi Pengembangan Kapasitas Perawat dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto , Mulat Trimaya Cahya , Hartaty Hartaty
Published: May 2021

Pengantar; kemampuan, keterampilan dan sikap profesionalisme perawat dan akuntabilitas penyelenggaraan publik kesehatan perlu ditingkatkan pada aspek profesionalitas. Tujuan; mengkaji dan menjelaskan; bagaimana strategi pengembangan kapasitas perawat dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Metode: peneleitian kualitatif pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Analisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara penyederhanaan data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan serta dilakukan pengabsahan data dengan triangulasi data. Hasil: menunjukkan bahwa strategi pengembangan kapasitas perawat pada pelayanan kesehatan dapat diwujudkan dengan pendidikan dan pelatihan berbasis aspek spiritual dan aspek teknologi. Kesimpulan; bahwa sikap perawat melalui dimensi spiritualitas dan teknologi terhadap pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien terus digelorakan agar terbentuknya mentalitas baru ini yang bercirikan orientasi yang lebih holistik.
Potensi Permainan Papan Edukasi Aktif Kutus PHBS Sebagai Modalitas Pencegahan Obesitas Anak
Authors: Adhi Putri I Gusti Ayu Amanda Sinta , Veronica Elvina , Olivia Frisilia , Pasaribu Martin Rinaldi , Sutiari Ni Ketut
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan; perubahan gaya hidup dan kurangnya informasi tentang PHBS (The Clean and Healthy Behavior) atau gizi seimbang menjadi pemicu terjadinya obesitas. Tujuan: mengetahui potensi permainan papan edukasi cutus aktif perilaku bersih dan sehat untuk mencegah obesitas pada anak. Metode: Studi literatur artikel dalam 10 tahun terakhir menggunakan kata kunci yang diakses dari browser Cochrane, NCBI, Google scholar, dan Garuda. Hasil; Permainan papan edukasi cutus aktif Perilaku Bersih dan Sehat mudah dimainkan, murah, memiliki interaksi 2 arah, dan memiliki pola belajar dengan melakukan dimana anak dituntut untuk mencari solusi saat bermain. Kesimpulan; Permainan papan edukasi cutus aktif Perilaku Bersih dan Sehat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku anak untuk mencegah terjadinya obesitas pada anak
Pengaruh Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kumis Kucing Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Mulyanti Rizky , Putra Member Reni , Tanjung Dian Soraya , Salsabila Shania
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan; streptococcus mutans adalah bakteri patogen dan penyebab utama karies gigi. Maka diperlukan suatu tindakan pencegahan karies gigi dengan bahan antibakteri alami dengan kumis kucing. Tujuan; mengetahui pengaruh efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kumis kucing terhadap bakteri streptococcus mutans. Metode; penelitian menggunakan eksperimental laboratoris dengan desain posttest only control group in vitro. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengukur diameter zona hambat menggunakan shear caliper. Kemudian, data dianalisis dengan uji statistik oneway ANOVA dan posthoc LSD. Hasil; bahwa diameter rata-rata zona hambat antibakteri ekstrak daun kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) dengan konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125% terhadap Streptococcus mutans. bakteri adalah 11,50 ± 0,38 mm, 10,78 ± 0,22 mm, 9,90 ± 0,13 mm, 9,10 ± 0,08 mm dan 8,25 ± 0,25 mm, sedangkan kontrol negatif pada penelitian ini yaitu DMSO tidak memiliki diameter hambat (0 mm). Kesimpulan; bahwa terdapat efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kumis kucing terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans.
Pengaruh Stres dengan Perilaku Olahraga Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Setyawan Ibnu Aji , Setiawati Octa Reni , Dharmawan Akhmad Kheru , Pramesti Woro
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan; pandemi Covid-19 saat ini merupakan salah satu krisis kesehatan utama bagi setiap individu di semua negara, benua, RAS, dan kelompok sosial ekonomi. Tujuan; mengetahui pengaruh stres terhadap perilaku olahraga selama pandemi Covid-19. Metode; penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain analitik dan pendekatan cross sectional. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah angket DASS42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 42) dan angket intensitas latihan. Hasil; Dari 60 sampel yang diteliti, didapatkan distribusi frekuensi usia terbanyak dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 orang (50%), frekuensi jenis kelamin tertinggi adalah 32 perempuan (53,3%), tingkat stres yang paling sering ditemukan. yaitu stres sedang sebanyak 21 orang (35%), frekuensi perilaku olahraga yang paling banyak dijumpai dengan intensitas rendah sebanyak 25 orang (41,7%). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada pengaruh stres dengan perilaku olahraga pada mahasiswa pada saat masuk fakultas kedokteran covid-19.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Akseptor Kb dalam Memilih Alat Kontrasepsi
Authors: Luba Saniasa , Rukinah Rukinah
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan; keluarga berencana suatu tindakan yang membantu individu atau pasangan suami istri untuk mendapatkan tujuan tertentu agar tidak terjadi kelahiran yang tidak diinginkan. Tujuan; mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi akseptor KB dalam memilih kontrasepsi. Metode; menggunakan mixed method. Desain kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor pengetahuan, pendidikan, usia dan dukungan suami. Pengumpulan data berasal dari data primer dan sekunder, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil; Bahwa keempat variabel tersebut secara bersama-sama tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penggunaan alat kontrasepsi non hormonal dengan peluang sebesar 0,2786> 0,05. Besarnya pengaruh keempat variabel independen secara bersama-sama dapat dilihat dari nilai Pseude R sebesar 13%. Kesimpulan; bahwa faktor usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan dukungan suami tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemilihan alat kontrasepsi.
Channeled implantation of magnesium ions in gallium nitride for deep and low-damage doping
Authors: Nishimura Tomoaki , Ikeda Kiyoji , Kachi Tetsu
Published: May 2021

Ion implantation into p-type gallium nitride (GaN) to a depth of several microns for power devices is a challenge because their activation is disturbed by the damage caused by implantation. To reduce this damage, a channeled implantation technique was applied to implant magnesium (Mg) ions into GaN (0001). Compared with random implantation, channeled implantation was demonstrated to implant and activate ions in >10 times deeper regions. Thus, the channeled implantation technique is indispensable for the deep implantation of Mg ions into GaN devices.
Status of Marine Current Energy Conversion in China
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Bahaj AbuBakr S.
Published: May 2021

Marine current energy conversion (MCEC) technologies are promising renewable energy systems with some full scale and semi-commercial turbines constructed and deployed in several countries around the world. In this work, we present the status of marine current energy and systems in China and policies geared to support these. Over the past ten years the Chinese government has provided a policy framework and financial supports for the development of MCEC technologies of various design philosophies which has resulted in significant technology deployment at sea. A review of these technologies – which have turbine capacities in the range 20 kW to 650 kW, mostly tested at sea – is presented in the paper. In addition, the paper also discusses Chinese plans for marine energy test sites at sea to support prototype development and testing and concludes with a view of future prospects for the marine energy technology deployment in China.
Semana de la Música
Authors: Ruvalcaba Olivarría Emmy
Published: May 2021

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Food Tourism in Oceania: Telling the Stories
Authors: Latham Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

All travelers eat and drink when they travel but not all travelers are food lovers or travel for food. This research explores food tourism and food tourists in two case studies of New Zealand and the Cook Islands. The research focuses on the information about food that food lovers seek,
and the critical components required at a destination for food tourism to flourish. Thirty-one interviews were conducted in both New Zealand and Rarotonga using a purposive sample. The findings show that people want information about the food stories that they can trust. In both places, many
of the stories are hidden and this leads to lost opportunity and potential disappointment for the food tourist. There is a lack of voice about the food culture. New Zealand promotes its primary produce to the world but it does not actively promote the opportunity to experience it at home.
The Cook Island situation reflects the complexities of small island states with lack of consistency and complacency in the food on offer. A digital food resource is advocated in both places that is curated, articulated, and disseminated to focus the lens on the food culture and all its experiences.
PELAKSANAAN TUGAS POKOK DAN FUNGSI DINAS KETAHANAN PANGAN, PERTANIAN DAN PERIKANAN KOTA METRO DALAM PENCAPAIAN VISI KOTA METRO (IMPLEMENTASI PERDA NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2016)
Authors: Oktarina Dewi
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Main Tasks and Functions in the Field of Animal Husbandry and Health and UPT-UPT Department of Food Security, Agriculture and Fisheries in Achieving the Vision of Metro City (Implementation of Regional Regulation Number 24 of 2016). This research uses descriptive research type with qualitative data, data collection techniques in this study include interviews, documentation and observation, then the data is processed, so as to produce data in the form of an explanation of the Effectiveness of the Implementation of Main Tasks and Functions. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of the implementation of basic tasks and functions in Metro City's Department of Food Security, Agriculture and Fisheries are: 1. Strategic plans as a reference in determining program priorities and activity indicators that are adjusted to the main tasks and functions 2. Responsible for implementing programs and activities with the main tasks and functions 3. Some Principal Tasks and Functions have yet to be carried out due to budget constraints. 4. Limited Human Resources is the cause of the mismatch in the placement of personnel. 5. The main tasks and functions which are incorrectly placed, then an evaluation is needed to improve the translation of the main tasks and functions. 6. The amount of the budget is not in accordance with the main tasks and functions so that there are some main tasks and functions that cannot be implemented. 7. The implementation of basic tasks and functions have not been carried out effectively due to the limitations of Human Resources and the budget they have.
Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų Patologinės anatomijos klinikoje 2003–2020 m. diagnozuotų pirminių odos invazinių melanomų klinikinių ir morfologinių charakteristikų apžvalga
Authors: Musteikaitė Neringa , Makštienė Jurgita , Poškienė Lina
Published: May 2021

Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti pacientų, sergančių pirmine odos piktybine melanoma (toliau – melanoma), klinikines ir morfologines charakteristikas. Tyrimo metodai ir medžiagos. Atliktas vienmomentinis retrospektyusis tyrimas. Tiriamųjų imtis – 1098 pacientai, kuriems 2003–2020 m. Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų (toliau – Kauno klinikos) Patologinės anatomijos klinikoje diagnozuota melanoma. Klinikos duomenų bazėje analizuoti klinikiniai duomenys ir morfologinė išvada. Rezultatai. Tirti 1098 pacientai: 425 (38,7 proc.) vyrai ir 673 (61,3 proc.) moterys. Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis – 61,7 metai (±15,6 SN), kuris tarp lyčių ir tiriamuoju laikotarpiu (2010 m. – 55,8 metai, 2018 m. – 64,4 metai) nesiskyrė. Melanoma dažniausiai diagnozuota apatinėse galūnėse (29,1 proc.), nugaroje (25,1 proc.), viršutinėse galūnėse (18 proc.), galvos ir kaklo srityje (16,1 proc.), rečiausiai – 10,6 proc. krūtinės ląstos bei pilvo srityse. Vyrams melanoma kojose retesnė (p<0,05), o liemens srities – dažnesnė nei moterims (p<0,05). Galvos ir kaklo melanoma buvo diagnozuota statistiškai reikšmingai vyresnio amžiaus pacientams nei kitos lokalizacijos melanoma (p<0,05). Išvados. Remiantis gautomis išvadomis, pateikiamos praktinės rekomendacijos, siekiant gerinti melanomų ankstyvąją diagnostiką.
Sensorlose Ansteuerung von bürstenlosen Motoren
Authors: Kafader Urs
Published: May 2021

In vielen Anwendungen wäre es von Vorteil, wenn man einen bürstenlosen Motor ohne Sensoren be-treiben könnte. Und tatsächlich gibt es hier verschiedene Möglichkeiten. Eine von maxon entwickelte Methode setzt nun neue Maßstäbe in Präzision und Zuverlässigkeit.
Untersuchung des Werkstoffverhaltens von langfaserverstärktem Polypropylen hinsichtlich der Dehnratenabhängigkeit der Faserlänge
Authors: Ersch Maiko , Hopmann Christian
Published: May 2021

Die Vorteile langfaserverstärkter thermoplastischer Werkstoffe führen immer häufiger zum Einsatz in strukturell beanspruchten Bauteilen. Gerade das Potenzial hinsichtlich Energieabsorptionsvermögen macht diese Werkstoffe für Anwendungen im Crash-relevanten Bereich hochgradig interessant. Um die Möglichkeiten bei der Auslegung zu erweitern und das Verständnis der durch die lagen Fasern dominierten Werkstoffeigenschaften auszubauen, beschäftigt sich das Institut für Kunststoffverarbeitung (IKV) intensiv mit langfaserverstärktem Thermoplastbauteilen (LFT). Ausgehend von bestehenden quasistatischen Berechnungsmethoden für langfaserverstärkte Thermoplaste entwickelte das IKV daher im Rahmen eines öffentlich geförderten Forschungsprojekts ein Simulationsverfahren zur Berechnung spritzgegossener LFT-Bauteile unter kurzzeitdynamischer Belastung.
Neue Generation von TRIP-Stählen
Authors: Schulz Thomas , Müller Thorsten
Published: May 2021

Ein neue Generation von TRIP-Stählen (High Ductility) ergänzt das Produktspektrum der AHSS (Advanced High Strength Steels). Mit den neuen Stählen kann beispielhaft in der Automobilindustrie, bei Zulieferern oder in Stahlservicecentern das Schneiden von Platinen aus einem Band unabhängig von der Walzrichtung erfolgen. Auf diese Weise wird der Verschnitt minimiert und es können Ressourcen gespart werden.
1 x 1 des Klebens – Teil 1: Chemisch härtende Klebstoffe
Authors: Weirauch Julius
Published: May 2021

Die große weite Klebstoff-Welt bietet vielfältige Möglichkeiten. Jeder Klebstoff hat andere Eigenschaften. Jede Technologie eröffnet neue Wege. Immer wieder verschieben Neuentwicklungen die Grenzen. Wer sein Ziel mit der bestmöglichen Verbindung erreichen will, muss sich auskennen. Unser 1 x 1 des Klebens bietet erste Orientierung. Teil 1: Chemisch härtende Klebstoffe.
Technik für qualitativen Output und hohen Durchsatz
Authors: Beckenbach-Sülzle Christian
Published: May 2021

Die steigende Nachfrage nach technischen Kunststoffen treibt den Preis nach oben, während die Verfügbarkeit für die Betriebe spürbar sinkt. Immer häufiger führen sie deshalb Prozessabfälle in Form von Anfahrklumpen oder Ausschussteilen in den Produktionskreislauf zurück. Dies erfordert passgenaue Technik.
Mit Maschinellem Lernen Automatisierungspotenziale ermitteln
Authors: Schönhof Raoul
Published: May 2021

Schon in der Produktplanungsphase wissen, wie einfach ein Bauteil automatisiert zu produzieren ist: Dies ermöglicht das Tool „NeuroCAD“. Hierbei prüft ein neuronales Netz anhand von CAD-Daten zum Beispiel, ob sich das Bauteil leicht vereinzeln oder greifen lässt. Die Entwickler am Fraunhofer IPA suchen nun erste Anwender.
Rollen wenden leicht gemacht!
Authors: Cyrus Oliver
Published: May 2021

Papier und Folien bestimmen unser tägliches Leben. Sei es der Karton vom neu gekauften Schreibtisch, die Sicherheitsfolie in der Autoscheibe oder die Schachtel der Kopfschmerztabletten. All diese Materialien werden auf großen Rollen hergestellt, die nach ihrer Produktion vom Band ins Lager oder für den weiteren Transport direkt auf eine Palette gestapelt werden müssen. Aufgrund des hohen Gewichts der Rollen, dürfen sie nicht von den Mitarbeitern getragen werden. Hier kommen die Rollenhandling-Geräte von Double Ju International Ltd. zum Einsatz. Das im Jahre 2006 von Werner und Jürgen (= Double Ju) Schmidt gegründete Unternehmen hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, das Rollenhandling für die Industrie zu vereinfachen.
Ansatz zur Ermittlung von Toleranz-Kosten-Kurven in der Serienproduktion/A Novel Approach to the Identification of Tolerance-Cost-Relationships in Serial Production
Authors: Brückner Kai , Storch Markus , Hallmann Martin , Heling Björn , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro
Published: May 2021

INHALT Die Vergabe von Toleranzen dient der Erfüllung festgelegter Qualitätskriterien, beeinflusst jedoch zugleich wesentlich die Fertigungskosten. Um diesen Konflikt effizient zu lösen, hat sich die Methode der Toleranz-Kosten-Optimierung etabliert. Voraussetzung für eine realitätsnahe Toleranzfestlegung ist die Verfügbarkeit eines geeigneten Kosten- modells. Obgleich aus Literatur und Praxis zahlreiche Ansätze bekannt sind, eignen sich diese nur bedingt für die Serienfertigung. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wird im Folgenden ein neuer Ansatz zur Ermittlung von Kostenkurven, welche unter anderem prozessfähigkeitsabhängige Messkosten als auch mehrere Prozessparameter berücksichtigt, vorgestellt. Das Beispiel eines Hochdruckeinspritzventils zeigt exemplarisch dessen Anwendung im industriellen Umfeld.
Höchste Leistung am höchsten Berg
Authors: Rüttling Christian
Published: May 2021

Der Neubau der Seilbahn Zugspitze ist ein Projekt der Superlative. Seit Dezember 2017 befördert die vollständig neu entworfene Pendelbahn bis zu 580 Gäste pro Stunde auf Deutschlands höchsten Berg. Die enorme Antriebsleistung für die teils äußerst steile Seilbahn erfordert schwere Industriegetriebe: Zwei Exemplare der Baureihe X von SEW-Eurodrive treiben das Zugseil an, das die Kabine mit der Kraft einer ausgewachsenen Diesellokomotive auf 2943 m Höhe hievt.
Direkte Drehmomentmessung am Antrieb
Authors: Sellschopp Kaj , Manner Julia
Published: May 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird ein variables, hochgenaues Drehmomentmesssystem für die Antriebstechnik vorgestellt. Es ermöglicht einen direkten, raumsparenden Einbau und ist für Feldmessungen und für Zustandsbeobachtungen bestens geeignet.
Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung einer Prüfmethode für Multieffektfilter für Innenraumanwendungen/Towards the development of a test method for multi-effect filters for indoor air applications
Authors: Sager Uta , Engelke Thomas , Däuber Eckhard , Asbach Christof , Haep Stefan
Published: May 2021

Die Qualität von Innenraumluft hat in den letzten Jahren für breite Bevölkerungsschichten an Bedeutung gewonnen. Das führte zu einer verstärkten Nachfrage nach Raumluft- und Kfz-Innenraumfiltern, die sowohl Partikel als auch gasförmige Schadstoffe abscheiden und deshalb als Multieffektfilter bezeichnet werden. Für die Abscheidung gasförmiger Schadstoffe wird in den Aufbau der in der Regel mehrlagigen Filterstruktur eine Schicht aus Adsorbenspartikeln integriert. Zwar liegen bereits separate Normen zur Beurteilung der Abscheideeffizienz von Partikel- und Adsorptionsfiltern vor, für Multieffektfilter wurde bislang jedoch noch keine standardisierte allgemeingültige Prozedur veröffentlicht. Um eine Basis für die Gestaltung einer solchen Prüfmethode zu schaffen, wurden zahlreiche Fragestellungen untersucht, wie sich Prüfungen zur Partikelfiltration und Adsorption gegenseitig beeinflussen.