bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal imaging of the optic nerve head in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Wada Naoko , Takagi Seiji , Yoshikawa Akiko , Itokawa Takashi , Maruyama Takahiro , Hori Yuichi
Published: June 2023

Background: A pallor optic nerve head (ONH) is one of the three features in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This study aimed to assess the ONH by color tone, presence of hyper-reflective structure, blood flow, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and investigate the change in these parameters with and without ONH pallor.
Methods: The presence of ONH pallor was assessed by three independent examiners through careful examination using fundus photographs. The presence of a hyper-reflective structure on the ONH was carefully evaluated using a volume scan optical coherence tomography (OCT). RNFL thickness and ellipsoid zone (EZ) width around the macula were also evaluated by OCT. Laser speckle flowgraphy was used to measure the mean blur rate of the entire ONH area, which was subsequently divided into the vessel area (MV) and tissue area (MT).
Results: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with RP (55.4±16.23 years old) were included. The pale ONH was observed in 10 (35%) eyes. Hyper-reflective structures were observed in 7 (25%) eyes. No significant correlation was found between the pale ONH and presence of a hyper-reflective structure (Pearson’s chi-squared test, p=0.364). The average of the ONH area, MV, and MT was 8.65±3.08 AU, 17.81±7.54 AU, and 6.4±2.66 AU, respectively, which significantly decreased in patients with pallor ONH (all p<0.05). The global RNFL thickness was 73.54±18.82 μm. The nasal and superior quadrants and global RNFL thickness in patients with a pale ONH were significantly thinner than in patients without a pale ONH (all p<0.05). There was no difference in the EZ width between patients with and without a pale ONH (p=0.107).
Conclusion: We conducted multiple assessments of the ONH in patients with RP and investigated its clinical significance. Our findings suggest that ONH pallor may indicate a comprehensive change that emerges alongside the progression of retinal degeneration in RP.
Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered in the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry(UMIN000048168 01/07/2022).
Molecular identification and validation of four stable QTL for slow-mildewing resistance in Chinese wheat cultivar Bainong 64
Authors: Xu Xiaowan , Sun Daojie , Ni Zhongqiu , Zou Xinyu , Xu Xiaoting , Sun Mengjing , Cao Qiang , Tong Jingyang , Ding Fugong , Zhang Yelun , Wang Fengju , Dong Yachao , Zhang Luyan , Wang Jiankang , Xia Xianchun , He Zhonghu , Hao Yuanfeng
Published: June 2023

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (Bgt), is a devastating fungal disease. Seedlings of Chinese winter wheat cultivar Bainong 64 are susceptible to Bgt but adult plants have maintained slow-mildewing resistance since it was released in 1996. A population of 171 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from cross Jingshuang 16/Bainong 64 (JS16/BN64) was used to dissect genetic components of powdery mildew resistance. A genetic map comprising 5,383 polymorphic markers was constructed using the 15K SNP chip and kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers. Composite interval mapping identified four stable QTL on chromosome arms 1DL, 2BS, 2DL, and 6BL in all five environments and their favorable alleles were inherited from BN64. The QTL accounted for 8.3%, 13.8%, 14.4%, and 9.0% of the total phenotypic variances in maximum, respectively. QPmjbr.caas-1DL,situated about 22 Mb from centromere, is probably a new QTL. QPmjbr.caas-2DL located near the end of arm 2DL. Using genetic maps populated with KASP markers, QPmjbr.caas-2BS and QPmjbr.caas-6BL were fine mapped to a 1.8 cM genetic intervals spanning 13.6 Mb (76.0–89.6 Mb) and 1.7 cM and 4.9 Mb (659.9–664.8 Mb), respectively. The four QTL were all independent of stripe rust and leaf rust resistance and were validated for slow-mildewing in another RIL population related to BN64 and a cultivar panel using representative KASP markers spanning each QTL. Since BN64 has been a leading cultivar and an important breeding parent, the QTL and markers reported in this study will be useful for marker-assisted selection of slow-mildewing resistance.
Gender Difference and Job Quality: Application in Cameroon
Authors: Meka'a cosmas bernard , fotso silvain raoul
Published: June 2023

The objective of this article is to examine to what extent gender differences exist in the quality of employment in the labor market in Cameroon. For this, we use data from the fourth Cameroon Household Survey (ECAM4). This survey has the advantage of covering the national territory and providing information on the socio-demographic characteristics of workers as well as on the dimensions of job quality. In addition to examining gender inequalities in the different dimensions of job quality, a principal component analysis was carried out to construct a composite index of overall job quality. The results establish that the probability for women to hold a better job is lower compared to men. The only possibilities that women have of accessing quality jobs exist when they have managerial status and when they work in large companies. Inequalities in access to better quality jobs to their disadvantage are more the result of differences in unobservable characteristics rather than differences in individual characteristics.
JEL Rating: J16, J23, C25, C35
Efficacy of single antibiotic therapy versus antibiotic combination in implant-free staphylococcal spinal infections: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Lombès Amélie , Fernandez-Gerlinger Marie-Paule , Khalifé Marc , Kassis-Chikhani Najiby , Jomli Amira , Mainardi Jean-Luc , Lebeaux David , Dubert Marie
Published: June 2023

Background
Post-surgical spinal infections (pSSIs) are a serious complication of spinal surgeries, with Staphylococcus spp. being one of the most prominent bacteria identified. Optimal antimicrobial therapy for staphylococcal spinal infections without spinal implants is not well documented.
Methods
This single center retrospective 7-year observational study described and compared the outcome (treatment failure or mortality at 1 year) of 20 patients with staphylococcal-implant-free pSSI treated with single or combination antibiotics.
Results
Median duration of treatment was 40 days (IQR 38–42), with 6 days (IQR 5–7) on intravenous antibiotics and 34 days (IQR 30–36) on oral therapy. Four patients (20%) underwent new surgical debridement, all due to surgical failure, and 1 patient died within the first year without statistical differences between both group of treatment.
Conclusion
This study raises the possibility of single antibiotic therapy for patients with implant-free post-surgical spinal infections due to Staphylococcus spp.
Direct regeneration and Genetic transformation studies in Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Indian Sarasaprilla)
Authors: Ranganatha Manjula , sharma ashwani , BE Rangaswamy , Kumar Shashi , Rao Nagashree N
Published: June 2023

Since ages, plants continue to provide new remedies to mankind. Hemidesmus indicus L. R. Br. is one such plant belonging to family Apocynaceae, showing potent medicinal properties known through traditional knowledge. Hemidesmus is also explored for the presence of flavoring compound namely 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) which is used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Due to anthropogenic activities, the plant has been exploited till the ridge for its ethnobotanical properties for mankind. Biotechnological intervention to conserve this endangered sps through in vitro plant cultures, micropropogation and genetic transformation studies is the pre-requite to maintain it from extinction. The objective of the study is to improve the regeneration potential and optimize the genetic transformation in Hemidesmus indicus. The direct regeneration of Hemidesmus indicus through leaf explants, nodal explants with subsequent plant regeneration using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellic acid), adenine sulphate, TRIA. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation studies in Hemidesmus indicus was carried out in callus cultures using the plant expression vector pCAMBIA 1301. The caulogenic response of 78.8%, 73.3% and 71.4% was observed when the leaf explant was inoculated on MS media containing 2.3 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.2 mgL− 1 2,4-D, 0.02 mgL− 1 TRIA + 2 mgL− 1 BAP, 1 mgL− 1 KIN + 1 mgL− 1 NAA respectively with creamish yellow nodular friable callus by the 4 weeks. The initiation of shoot bud was observed within three days after inoculation of nodal explant on media supplemented with 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA, 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA + 40 mgL− 1 AgNO3, 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA + 40 mgL− 1 AgNO3 + 40 mgL− 1 adenine sulphate respectively and incubated in the dark for 2 weeks. Shoot regeneration from the leaf explants was also observed within 4 weeks after inoculation in MS medium with 1 mgL− 1 BAP + 0.1 mgL− 1 NAA. Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation was carried out successfully in callus cultures of H. indicus. The transformation efficiency was found to be 26%. The efficient shoot regeneration was observed within 4 weeks and transformation study can be further applied for over expression of biosynthetic genes to enhance the bioactive components that have immense significance in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries.
Thousands of domestic and public supply wells face failure despite groundwater sustainability reform in California’s Central Valley
Authors: Bostic Darcy , Mendez-Barrientos Linda , Pauloo Richard , Dobbin Kristin , MacClements Victoria
Published: June 2023

Declining groundwater levels are causing wells to run dry, increasing water and food insecurity, and often acutely impacting marginalized communities across the world. Despite the ubiquitousness and severity of impacts, groundwater research has focused on piecemeal policy instruments or quantified groundwater depletion. How sustainability definitions shape the fate of sustainability reforms and their outcomes is unexplored. Here, we examine one of the world’s large-scale sustainability reforms, the California Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), and estimate the impact of sustainability criteria on well failure. We show that proposed sustainability measures accommodate business as usual groundwater level decline, impacting over 10,000 drinking water wells, and 14,000-120,000 domestic well users who could lose access to their source of drinking water. These findings highlight the necessity of carefully and critically engaging in the evaluation of sustainability definitions and their operationalization to prevent detrimental impacts, like threats to household and municipal water supply.
An Acute Increase in TGF beta Increases Permeability of 70 kDa Molecular Tracer from the Heart to Cells Inhabiting Tissue Compartments of the Osteoarthritic Guinea Pig Knee Joint
Authors: Ngo Lucy , Tate Melissa L. Knothe
Published: June 2023

A recent pilot study showed that a spike in the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α or TGF-β, delivered via the heart in mature Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs with osteoarthritis, results in diminished barrier function between the vascular (blood vessels) and respective tissue compartments of bone and muscle [1]. Here we aim to probe effects of TNF-α and TGF-β on barrier function at the vascular interface in different tissue compartments of the knee joint using the same animal model, and with higher resolution imaging modalities including confocal and electron microscopy. First we quantified the intensity of a fluorescent-tagged 70 kDa tracer, similar in size to albumin, the largest transporter protein in the blood, in tissue compartments of bone (periosteum, marrow space, compact bone and epiphyseal bone) and cartilage (articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and the interface between, i.e. the epiphyseal line), as well as at sites of tendon attachment to bone. We then examined tracer presence and intensity in the respective pericellular and extracellular matrix zones of bone and cartilage. Confirming the previous study, acute exposure to both cytokines reduced barrier function (increased permeability) at vascular interfaces with tissue compartments of the knee joint, with a significant effect in the TGF-β group. Furthermore, this increase in permeability, observed at the length scale of tissue compartments, was also observed at the cellular length scale; the observation of pericellular transport of the albumin-sized molecules to osteocytes contrasts with previous observations of barrier function in healthy, untreated animals and is indicative of reduced barrier function in pericellular regions of cytokine treated animals. The acute, cytokine-induced changes to molecular transport between and within the tissue compartments of the joint, and their respective cellular inhabitants, is of particular relevance for a systems biology understanding of articular joint physiology and interactions between the vascular, musculoskeletal and immune systems, providing impetus for further studies.
A New Sensitivity Based Mapping Scheme for Topology Optimization of Graded TPMS Designs
Authors: Parlayan Onur , Ozdemir Mirhan , Gayir Cemal Efe , Simsek Ugur , Kiziltas Gullu
Published: June 2023

Graded TPMS topologies display excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Design schemes targeting optimal performance exist, but final reconstructed designs still suffer from performance degradation. To overcome this challenge, we propose an automated design framework based on the integration of a homogenization-based topology optimization scheme and a new mapping strategy. Optimized designs obtained using a modified SIMP technique are reconstructed as graded gyroid structures. Unlike mapping strategies using relative density values prior to TPMS infill, for the first time we make use of readily available adjoint sensitivities for mapping optimal densities to graded gyroid structures. Results show that the proposed framework delivers performance preserving graded designs when compared to original optimized designs obtained using OPTISTRUCT and superior performance in comparison to standard density-based mapping methods. The resulting graded design is manufactured using additive manufacturing and three-point bending tests are performed confirming simulation results and demonstrating the applicability of presented design scheme.
Pamiparib Combined with Surufatinib for the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Unresectable Ovarian Cancer: A Single-Arm, Prospective, Single-Center Clinical Study Protocol
Authors: Jiang Wenjing , Chen Yao , Shan Wulin , Shen Wei , Tian Yuan , Chen Yu , Chen Xi-Xi , Wu Wen-Jun , Ma Yan , Wang Jia-Fei , Qi Wen-Cai , Wang Zeng-Ying , Li Xiao-Yu , Huang Xu , Lin Hao , Hong Bao-Li , Chen Ji-Ming , Xia Bai-Rong
Published: June 2023

Background
Ovarian cancer is a gynecological malignancy with a high incidence and mortality. Optimal tumor reduction surgery is crucial for improving the prognosis of advanced ovarian cancer patients. Traditional platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can increase the chances of surgical treatment for advanced ovarian cancer and reduce the difficulty of surgery. However, NACT has limited benefits for patients. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) combined with antiangiogenic treatment increase the clinical benefits to ovarian cancer patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that PARPis combined with antiangiogenic neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) can improve the R0 resection rate of advanced ovarian cancer while avoiding platinum resistance caused by NACT.
Methods
This study is a prospective, interventional, single-arm, open-label, phase II clinical trial. Patients with stage III or IV advanced ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, and fallopian tube cancer (collectively referred to as ovarian cancer per the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging 2018) who are unable to achieve R0 tumor reduction surgery after imaging or laparoscopic evaluation or cannot tolerate surgery will be recruited. The patient will receive NAT with three cycles of pamiparib combined with surufatinib (pamiparib: 40 mg, twice daily, 3 weeks per cycle, treatment for three cycles; surufatinib: 250 mg, once daily, 3 weeks per cycle, treatment for two cycles), followed by surgery. The main endpoint will be the assessment of the R0 resection rate. The secondary study endpoints will be the objective response rate (ORR), pathological complete response (pCR), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs).
Discussion
This is the first prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PARPis combined with antiangiogenic therapy for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. Drug combinations are a key component in experimental design. We hope that this promising treatment strategy can provide new options for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05652283. Registered on 27 November 2022.
Maximum Likelihood instead of Least Squares in fracture analysis by means of a simple Excel sheet with VBA macro
Authors: Guerriero Vincenzo
Published: June 2023

This short note illustrates a linear regression algorithm based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation, with related Excel sheet and VBA program, adapted to the case of fracture aperture data sets in which sampling of smallest values was problematic. The method has been tested using Monte Carlo simulations and exhibits surprisingly better convergence against Least Squares criterion. As the method is conceptually simple and, following the here illustrated indications, the relative spreadsheet is easily achievable, it may be routinely used instead of the Least Squares in fracture analysis, as well as all those numerous cases in geology and geophysics in which there are systematic biases at the lower limits of the sampling scale.
Oral health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in older adults: Longitudinal associations of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Authors: Zwick Luisa , Schmitz Norbert , Shojaa Mahdieh
Published: June 2023

Background
Little is known about the relationship between oral health status and depressive symptoms in older adults in England. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between oral health parameters and depressive symptoms in older adults in England.
Methods
Data were obtained from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), which included information on self-rated oral health, oral impairment in daily life (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances, OIDP), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D) in 6790 adults aged ≥ 50 years. Wave 3 data were used as baseline, while Waves 5 and 7 were used for follow-up assessments. Logistic regression was used to determine whether depressive symptoms at baseline predicted self-rated oral health and OIDP and whether oral health status (at baseline) was associated with the development of depressive symptoms at follow-up assessment.
Results
Participants with poor self-rated oral health were at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for behavioural, clinical, and sociodemographic characteristics (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.38–2.07). Similar results were reported for the presence of one or more oral conditions: The OR for developing depressive symptoms at Wave 5 or 7 was 2.19 (95% CI 1.62–2.96). Participants with depressive symptoms at baseline were more likely to report poor self-rated oral health (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.52–2.44) or one or more oral impacts (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.45–2.40) at follow-up than those without depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
In the present study, a bidirectional association was found between depressive symptoms and poor oral health in older adults. Maintaining good oral health in older adults may be a protective factor against depressive symptoms. Therefore, more attention should be paid to promoting oral health awareness in older adults, including encouraging regular dental checkups, proper toothbrushing and flossing techniques, and healthy lifestyles.
Mental Health and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Single-Center Structural Equation Model
Authors: Jafree Sara Rizvi , Naveed Ammara , Ahsan Humna , Burhan Syeda Khadija , Khan Masha Asad , Khawar Amna , Fischer Florian
Published: June 2023

Background
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the leading disease burdens in Pakistan. Until now, there has only been limited focus in the country on providing health services through tertiary services in urban cities, whereas there is almost no research in Pakistan on the mental health and quality of life of CLD patients. This study aimed to understand which predictors influence the mental health and quality of life of CLD patients in order to advise better policy protection.
Methods
Data was collected from CLD patients at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 850 respondents were part of the final sample.
Results
Mean results reveal that female as well as illiterate patients need more support for mental health and communication with their physician; whereas men need more support to develop coping strategies. Structural equation modelling results reveal that the severity of symptoms (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), coping strategies (β=-0.51, p < 0.001), and doctor communication (β=-0.35, p < 0.001) predict mental health. Quality of life is associated with the severity of symptoms (β=-0.36, p < 0.001), coping strategies (β = 0.26, p < 0.05), and doctor communication (β = 0.09, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
A ‘bio-psycho-social-spiritual’ model is recommended for Pakistan’s CLD patients which includes the integration of social officers to provide support in four key areas to secure mental health and quality of life of patients.
An Effective COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Intervention Focused on the Relative Risks of Vaccination and Infection
Authors: Byerley Cameron , Horne Dru , Gong Mina , Musgrave Stacy , Valaas Laura , Rickard Brian , Yoon Hyunkyoung , Park Min Sook , Mirin Alison , Joshua Surani , Lavender Heather , You Sukjin
Published: June 2023

We designed the Relative Risk Tool (RRT) to give people access to the same quantitative peer-reviewed information about the risks and benefits of vaccination that professionals use to make determinations about approving vaccines. Based on our initial qualitative research and the known associations between concern about vaccination risk and vaccine hesitancy, we hypothesized that the RRT would change some people’s assessment of relative risk of vaccination and infection and reduce vaccine hesitancy. We surveyed U.S. residents in May 2022 (N = 400) and November 2022 (N = 615). We found 38.5% (May) and 34.1% (November) thought vaccination was at least as risky for them as infection, and risk perception was associated with future vaccination intent. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to understand how vaccination intent changed after being randomly assigned to view information about the relative risks of vaccination and infection from the RRT or the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Both the RRT and CDC information increased intention to accept vaccines, but the RRT information had larger effect size. The RRT is novel because it provides accurate information about the risks of serious adverse outcomes to vaccination and still increases vaccination intent.
Epidemiology of coronary heart disease risk factors in central Iran: a 10-year cohort study
Authors: hassanabadi Mohammadtaghi Sareban , Mirjalili Seyed Reza , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Kraemer Alexander , bafghi Seyed Mahmood Sadr
Published: June 2023

Background
As a result of its unique lifestyle, culture, and genetic characteristics, central Iran exhibits differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor prevalence and impact. Therefore, investigating the epidemiology of CHD risk factors and their effects on CHD events in this region is of particular significance.
Methods
Two-thousand participants of a community-based Iranian population, aged 20–74 years, were investigated with a mean follow-up of 9.9 years (range: 7.6 to 12.2). An analysis of Cox regression was conducted to determine the association between CHD development and classic risk factors like age, gender, smoking, socioeconomic status, physical activity, education, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. For risk factors and protective factors, attributed risk percentages and absolute risk reductions were calculated.
Results
After a follow-up period of nearly 10 years, a total of 225 CHD events were reported, accounting for 14.5% of the participants. Most participants had more than one risk factor. Age was the most critical risk factor. In comparison to females, male gender had a HR of 1.45 (CI: 1.11–1.90, p-value = 0.006) for developing CHD. Socioeconomic status and BMI were not significantly associated with CHD. Nearly 80% of the patients had dyslipidemia with a hazard ratio of 2.19 (CI: 1.40–3.44, p = 0.01). Hypertension with prevalence of 28.9% and pre-hypertension with prevalence of 52% were significant risk factors. Diabetes with a prevalence of 19.76% had a HR of 2.70 (CI: 2.07–3.53), but pre-diabetes was not significantly associated with CHD. Awareness of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were 81%, 27.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. Regarding medication usage, the corresponding percentages were 51% for diabetes, 13.2% for dyslipidemia, and 41% for hypertension.
Conclusions
Compared to neighboring countries and other parts of the world, classical CHD risk factors are highly prevalent in Iran. This can prompt Iranian healthcare policy makers to change their strategies.
Analysis of platinum-based anticancer injections cisplatin and carboplatin in body fluids blood serum and urine of carcinogenic patients by photometry, fluorometry, liquid chromatography using Schiff-base 2-oxo-propanoic acid- N- phenylhydrazonecarbothioamide as derivatizing reagent
Authors: Khokhar Faiz Muhammad , Jahangir Taj Muhammad , Khuhawar Muhammad Yar , Khaskheli Mazhar Iqbal , Khokhar Laeeq Ahmed Khan , Abro Muhammad Ilyas , Khaskheli Murad Ali , Muqaddisa Pirh
Published: June 2023

Photometric, fluorometric and liquid chromatographic methods were proposed to analyze platinum(II) from cis-platin and carbo-platin injections after derivatization with reagent 2-oxo-propanoic acid N-phenylhydrazonecarbothioamide. The reagent reacted with metals Au(III), Ag(I), Mn(II), Pt(II), Mo(VI), V(V/IV) to develop their characteristic colors in the pH range 3–12 and were extracted in organic solvent trichloromethane. The photoluminescent behaviour of ligand and its metal complexes was investigated to correlate the emission pattern. Liquid chromatographic method was also proposed to analyze cis-platin and carbo-platin anti-cancer drugs based on the pre-column derivatizing platinum(II) with ligand. The complex of platinum was separated and eluted from HPLC column Microsorb C-18, (150 cm x 4.6 mm i.d, 5µm) comprising eluents - tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (1mM)-sodium acetate (1mM)-acetonitrile-water-methanol (02:02:06:22:68 v/v/v/v/v). Metals gold(III), silver(I), manganese(II), vanadium(IV/V), molybdenum(VI) were also separated completely. The linear calibration range 0.5–2.5 µg/mL was observed following Beer’s law with detection limit of 150.00 ng/mL platinum(II). The determination of cis-platin and carbo-platin injections by photometric, fluorometric and chromatographic methods showed RSD (n = 3) 1.14–3.12, 0.98–2.84, 0.92–2.72% respectively. The developed methods were employed to analyze cis-platin in samples of serum and urine of carcinogenic patients undergoing chemotherapy and platinum amounts were observed within 45.0—86.0, 49.0—91.0, 42.0—84.0 ng.mL− 1 and 82.0—398, 81.0—389, 74.0—391 ng.mL− 1 with relative standard deviation (n = 4) of 2.28—3.88, 2.40—3.82, 2.52—3.82% and 2.52—3.91, 2.44—3.94, 1.98—3.24% by liquid chromatographic, fluorometric and photometric techniques respectively.
Outcome of right ventricular microaxial pump support in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Marta Medina , Zada Mahmoud , Theuerkauf Nils , Duerr Georg Daniel , Zimmer Sebastian , Treede Hendrik , Oezkur Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Right ventricular failure (RVF) after cardiac surgery is associated with an in-hospital mortality rate of up to 75%. Axial flow pumps are one of the mechanical circulatory support (MCS) options available for the treatment of RVF, however the specifics of timing and indication for MCS, as well as predictors for survival, remain unclear due to a dearth published data. We evaluated the clinical outcome of patients treated with Impella RP for predictors of mortality and the hemodynamic effects of the pump. This is a single-center retrospective observational study involving adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between January 2019 and December 2020 in cardiac surgery and required therapeutic management of RVF with an Impella RP. Overall, 18 patients were included and analyzed for factors that could be associated with mortality, or that could be predictors of patient outcomes for this population. Treatment of RVF with Impella-RP improved the patient hemodynamics significantly and had a survival rate of 61% within 30 days. Patients with isolated CABG or better liver function before implantation had a better survival rate, which may indicate that underlying disease and timing of implantation are significant for successful treatment of RVF.
Establishment and characterization of porcin trophoblast stem cell lines from somatic cell nuclear-transferred blastocysts
Authors: Kim Eunhye , Cai Lian , Choi Hyerin , Kim Mirae , Hyun Sang-Hwan
Published: June 2023

Background: Genetically modified pigs are considered ideal models for studying human diseases and potential sources for xenotransplantation research. However, the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique utilized to generate these cloned pig models has low efficiency and fetuses exhibit limited developmental potential for abnormalities in the placenta.
Methods: Herein, we report, for the first time, the establishment of porcine trophoblast stem cell (TSC) lines using SCNT and in vitro fertilized (IVF) blastocysts by activation of Wing-less/Integrated (Wnt) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathways, inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathways, and supplementation with ascorbic acid. We also compared the transcripts of TSC lines originating from SCNT and IVF embryos and their differentiated lineages.
Results: A total of 19 porcine TSC lines were established from SCNT and IVF blastocysts (TSCNT and TSCIVF lines) showing typical TSC characteristics. Compared with the TSCIVF lines, TSCNT lines showed distinct expression patterns suggesting unique TSCNT characteristics, including decreased mRNA expression levels of genes related to apposition, steroid hormone biosynthesis, angiopoiesis, and RNA stability.
Conclusions: This study provides valuable information and a powerful model for studying the abnormal development and dysfunction of trophoblasts and placentas in cloned pigs.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Opioid Use Disorder among Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease in Mulago Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Kwagala Claire , Mwesiga Emmanuel Kiiza , Abbo Catherine , Muhwezi Winstons , Munube Deogratias
Published: June 2023

Background
Opioid use disorder among adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) patients increases their risk of complications from sickle cell disease such as infections, stroke, acute chest syndrome, sudden death, and organ failure. This not only has a negative impact on families and communities but also to the national health system and economy.
Aim
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with opioid use disorder among adolescents with SCD at Mulago Hospital Uganda.
Setting
This study was carried out at the Sickle Cell Clinic of Mulago Hospital, the national referral hospital in Uganda
Methods
Study participants were adolescents aged 10-19years. Following informed consent/ assent, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test- Young (ASSIST-Y), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was entered in EpiInfo and analyzed in STATA 15.
Results We enrolled 384 participants and after cleaning of data, our final sample size included 381 participants. The prevalence of opioid use disorder was 5.3%. The significant risk factor was increasing depressive score OR: 1.11(95% CI: 1.01-1.22, p=0.035), while living with a family was protective against opioid use disorders OR: 0.01; (95% CI: 0.0004, 0.27, p=0.007).
Conclusion: There was a significant problem of Opioid Use Disorder among adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease. There is therefore need to integrate screening of OUD and mental illness like depression among adolescents with SCD and to emphasize the importance of family support in their care.
Addressing Anti-Black Racism in an Academic Preterm Birth Initiative: Perspectives from a Mixed Methods Case Study
Authors: Rutman Shira P. , Borgen Natasha , Spellen Solaire , King Dante D. , Decker Martha J. , Rand Larry , Cobbins Alexis , Brindis Claire D.
Published: June 2023

Background: Growing recognition of racism perpetuated within academic institutions has given rise to anti-racism efforts in these settings. In June 2020, the university-based California Preterm Birth Initiative (PTBi) committed to an Anti-Racism Action Plan outlining an approach to address anti-Blackness. This case study assessed perspectives on PTBi’s anti-racism efforts to support continued growth toward racial equity within the initiative.
Methods: This mixed methods case study included an online survey with multiple choice and open-ended survey items (n = 27) and key informant interviews (n = 8) of leadership, faculty, staff, and trainees working within the initiative. Survey and interview questions focused on perspectives about individual and organizational anti-racism competencies, perceived areas of initiative success, and opportunities for improvement. Qualitative interview and survey data were coded and organized into common themes within assessment domains.
Results: Most survey respondents reported they felt competent in all the assessed anti-racism skills, including foundational knowledge and responding to workplace racism. They also felt confident in PTBi’s commitment to address anti-Blackness. Fewer respondents were clear on strategic plans, resources allocated, and how the anti-racism agenda was being implemented. Suggestions from both data sources included further operationalizing and communicating commitments, integrating an anti-racism lens across all activities, ensuring accountability including staffing and funding consistent with anti-racist approaches, persistence in hiring Black faculty, providing professional development and support for Black staff, and addressing unintentional interpersonal harms to Black individuals.
Conclusions: This case study contributes key lessons which move beyond individual-level and theoretical approaches towards transparency and accountability in academic institutions aiming to address anti-Black racism. Even with PTBi’s strong commitment and efforts towards racial equity, these case study findings illustrate that actions must have sustained support by the broader institution and include leadership commitment, capacity-building via ongoing coaching and training, broad incorporation of anti-racism practices and procedures, continuous learning, and ongoing accountability for both short- and longer-term sustainable impact.
ALK inhibitor and chemotherapy combinations in ALK translocated NSCLC models
Authors: Luukkainen Milla E K , Koivunen Jussi Pekka
Published: June 2023

Background
Randomized trials have shown a benefit of combining TKI and chemotherapy in the treatment of EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In ALK + NSCLC, prospective trial results of the combination are not available, and this has not thoroughly been investigated in vitro. In this study, we investigated TKI and chemotherapy combinations using in vitro models of ALK + NSCLC.
Materials and Methods
We used ALK + cell line models H3122, H2228 and DFCI032 with variable sensitivity to ALK cTKIs. We investigated short (MTS assay) and long-term (colony formation) cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell signaling in response to combinations. We selected the most commonly clinical used agents alectinib, cisplatin, and pemetrexed to investigate the combination effects.
Results
In the combination experiments with short-term exposure, synergism between TKI and pemetrexed was seen while cisplatin had antagonistic effects. In the long-term experiments, cisplatin and TKI had synergism in all the lines while no synergism was observed with pemetrexed. Of the chemotherapy and TKI sequence, cisplatin followed by TKI was more cytotoxic than the opposite in two out of three models. In the TKI sensitive H3122 cell line, chemotherapy and TKI combination increased apoptosis. Interestingly, pemetrexed treatment resulted in activation of ALK which could be abolished with TKI.
Conclusions
Combining TKI and chemotherapy in ALK + models have some potential synergistic effects. However, the synergy varies on the used chemotherapeutic agent, used cytotoxic assay, and tested cell line. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to fully characterize the potential of combination chemotherapy to TKIs in ALK + NSCLC.
Comparison of the accuracy of 9 intraocular lens power calculation formulas after SMILE in Chinese myopic eyes
Authors: Li Liangpin , Yuan Liyun , Yang Kun , Wu Yanan , Alafati Simayilijiang , Hua Xia , Wang Yan , Yuan Xiaoyong
Published: June 2023

As of 2021, over 2.8 million cases of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedures had been performed in China. However, there remains limited knowledge regarding the selection of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas for post-SMILE cataract patients. This study included 52 eyes of 26 myopic patients from northern China who underwent SMILE at Tianjin Eye Hospital from September 2022 to February 2023 and was designed to investigate the performance of multiple IOL calculation formulas in post-SMILE patients using a theoretical surgical model. We compared the postoperative results obtained from three artificial intelligence (AI)-based formulas and six conventional formulas provided by the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS). These formulas were applied to calculate IOL power using both total keratometry (TK) and keratometry (K) values, and the results were compared to the preoperative results obtained from the Barrett Universal II (BUII) formula in SMILE cases. Among the evaluated formulas, the results obtained from Emmetropia Verifying Optical 2.0 Formula with TK (EVO-TK) (0.40 ± 0.29 D, range 0 to 1.23 D), Barrett True K with K (BTK-K, 0.41 ± 0.26 D, range 0.01 to 1.19 D), and Masket with K (Masket-K, 0.44 ± 0.33 D, range 0.02 to 1.39 D) demonstrated the closest proximity to BUII. Notably, the highest proportion of prediction errors within 0.5 D was observed with BTK-K (71.15%), EVO-TK (69.23%), and Masket-K (67.31%), with BTK-K showing a significantly higher proportion compared to Masket-K (p < 0.001). Our research indicates that in post-SMILE patients, EVO-TK, BTK-K, and Masket-K may yield more accurate calculation results. At the current stage, AI-based formulas do not demonstrate significant advantages over conventional formulas. However, the application of historical data can enhance the performance of these formulas.
Cramér moderate deviations and Berry-Esseen bounds for Mandelbrot’s cascade in a random environment
Authors: Li Yingqiu , Li Peihan , Wei Yushao
Published: June 2023

Let (Y n) be a Mandelbrot’s cascade in an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random environment ξ. According to the existence of the annealed Laplace transform of the limit variable W = lim n→∞ W n , where W n = Y n /E ξ Y n is the normalized population size, and with the use of the associated random walks, Cramér moderate deviations and Berry-Esseen bounds for log Y n under the annealed law P are established. It is also shown that harmonic moments of Mandelbrot’s martingale (W n) exist.
2010 MSC: 60J80, 60K37, 60F10
Preemptive QP001 provides analgesia and reduces opioid consumption in subjects with moderate to severe pain following abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou YingYong , Wang Bin , Duan Kaiming , Bai Zhihong , Hu Xianwen , Xu Mingjun , Li Xiaohong , Gao Yuanli , Li Jiangang , Yang Mengchang , Zhang Ying , Zhang Wei , Dai Ruping , Shen Yufei , Wu Ziteng , Jiang Yan , Yu Sen , Ouyang Wen , Wang Saiying
Published: June 2023

Background
QP001, a novel meloxicam formulation, has been developed to manage moderate to severe postoperative pain. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QP001 injections for moderate to severe pain following abdominal surgery.
Method
This prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial enlisted patients experiencing moderate to severe pain following abdominal surgery. These patients were randomized to receive either QP001 injections (30mg or 60mg) or a placebo pre-surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint was the total morphine consumption within 24 hours after the first administration.
Results
A total of 108 patients were enrolled, and 106 patients completed the study. The total morphine consumption in the QP001 30mg group and 60mg group were significantly lower than that in the placebo group within 24 hours after the first administration (mean [SD] 5.11[5.46] vs 8.86[7.67], P = 0.011; 3.11[3.08] vs 8.86[7.67], P < 0.001). Compared with the placebo group, the total morphine consumption in the QP001 30mg and 60mg groups significantly decreased within 48 hours and 24–48 hours after the first administration (P ≤ 0.001); the area under curve of pain intensity-time and the effective pressing times of analgesic pump within 24 h and 48 h after the first administration was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The QP001 groups did not show more Adverse Events and Adverse Drug Reactions than the placebo group(P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Preemptive QP001 provides analgesia and reduces opioid consumption in subjects with moderate to severe pain following abdominal surgery, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.
Synthesis, Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies of 2-bromo-4,6-bis(dibromoacetyl)resorcinol
Authors: K Loganathan , A. Anandan , M Purushothaman , P. Daniel Jebaraj , K. Thanigaimani , Percino Judith M. , Perumal Venkatesan
Published: June 2023

The synthesis and crystal structure of 2-bromo-4,6-bis(dibromoacetyl)resorcinol, I, was reported. In the title compound, I, crystalized in the triclinic crystal system with Pī space group. The two carbon and the oxygen atom of the acetyl groups (atoms C7, C8, O3, and C9, C10, O4) are nearly co-planar with the central phenyl ring. Intramolecular O–H···O, C–H···Br, and intermolecular C–H···Br/O interactions, two non-bonded contacts (Br5···Br3 and O4···C8) and π-π stacking interaction are stabilized the crystal packing of the title compound. Intermolecular interactions that exist in the title compound, I, are quantified with the aid of PIXEL and Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis and the decomposed fingerprint (FP) plots. The FP plot reveals that the Br···Br contacts are comparably higher than the other contacts in the title crystal structure. Furthermore, the theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at the M062X /cc-PVTZ level of theory. The experimental geometry parameters of the title molecule are compared with the geometry of the optimized molecule in the gas phase. The chemical reactivity and charge transfer properties of the title compound were calculated from the HOMO and LUMO energy. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential map was generated at their crystal structure geometry and quantitatively analyzed.
Maximizing Permeate Flux of IPA Dehydration via Optimizing Pervaporation Condition Through Central Composite Design (CCD)
Authors: Wahab Mohamad Syafiq Abdul , Rahman Sunarti Abd , Samah Rozaimi Abu
Published: June 2023

This paper reports a study on the operating condition of a pervaporation system for IPA dehydration. The two-condition study within this system is amount of water contents in binary feed mixture and operating temperature. The highest possible flux obtained from this study is at 12 wt% − 14 wt% of water in IPA and 61 ℃ – 65 ℃ operating temperature with permeate of 1.514 Kgm–2h–1 – 1.562 Kgm–2h–1. A permeate flux model for this system also been generated and validated with error margin less than 1% proving the genuine of the developed model and the ability of data prediction.
A Box-Behnken design optimization based ecofriendly RP-HPLC method For Estimation of sofosbuvir And velpatasvir - Application to stability indicating assay
Authors: Bairam Ravindar , Tatapudi Hemant Kumar , Gajji Neelamma , Tammineni Narendra , Cheepurupalli Prasad
Published: June 2023

In this study, a novel, cost effective, accurate, and ecofriendly stability-indicating RP-HPLC technique was developed and validated for the simultaneous measurement of sofosbuvir (SOF) and velpatasvir (VEL) in tablet dosage form. Box-Behnken design was used for multivariate optimization of the experimental parameters of RP-HPLC. The molarity of heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt (HSA), volume of ethanol, and volume of acetonitrile were used to develop mathematical models and study the effects of these factors on various responses. Heptane sulfonic acid sodium (1mM) : acetonitrile : ethanol (80 : 11 : 9 v/v) as the mobile phase, made up the optimal and expected condition. The SOF and VEL retention times were found to be 5.505 and 3.472 minutes, respectively. System suitability, specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, and solution stability were all considered in the method's validation. For SOF and VEL, linearity was shown across the concentration range of 20–100 µg/ml and 5–25 µg/ml, respectively with correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.999. Studies on forced degradation under acid, basic, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions revealed the drug's well-resolved peak and the degradation products' peaks as well. For the simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir in conventional laboratory analysis, this newly suggested approach is one that is quick, reliable, and cost-effective. Furthermore, the greenness was analyzed utilizing four cutting-edge metrics, including GAPI, AES, AMGS, and AGREE, and the greenest findings were determined.
Assessment of the Soil Organic Carbon Stock (SOCS) of Foumban (West Cameroon)
Authors: Tedontsah Vivien Piercy Lotse , Mamdem Lionel Bitom , Mbog Michel Bertrand , Ngon Gilbert François Ngon , Jiague Roony Roy Choumele , Djatsa Kevin Guedia , Wantou Emmanuel Ngueko , Edzoa Robert Christel , Tassongwa Bernard , Bitom Dieudonné , Etame Jacques
Published: June 2023

This study aims to assess the organic carbon stock and the amount of organic carbon sequestered in the soils of Foumban, in order to facilitate climate change mitigation policies. To achieve this objective, ninety soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30cm from the reference soil groups identified in the study area and transported to the laboratory where bulk density and organic carbon analyses were carried out to estimate the SOC stock. The SOC stock and carbon quantity calculations showed that the carbon stock in the soils of the study area varies from 64.10 t/ha in FRAGISOLS (plaggic) cambic to 116.52 t/ha in UMBRISOLS pretic, with an overall average of 88.95 ± 18.61 t/ha. The total amount of organic carbon stored in the soils is estimated to be about 85.79×10− 4GT. It varies from 1.30×10− 4GT in cambic hortic FERRALSOLS (plaggic) on trachytes to 17.13×10− 4GT in chernic arenic UMBRISOLS. The variation in carbon stock in the study area would be due to the variation in the density of the vegetation cover. The input of organic amendments would contribute to the increase of organic carbon stocks in these soils.