bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s Work in Post-War Italy: An Oral and Filmic History, Flora Derounian (2023)
Authors: Ramsey-Portolano Catherine
Published: January 2025

Review of: Women’s Work in Post-War Italy: An Oral and Filmic History, Flora Derounian (2023)

Bristol: Intellect, xi+218 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-812-1, h/bk, $134.95
Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad del suelo por erosión hídrica en la provincia de Manabí (Ecuador) mediante la aplicación de un modelo geoespacial
Authors: Andrade-Carreño Isabel , Delgado Gutiérrez Daniel , Guillén Vivas Mirian
Published: January 2025

La pérdida del suelo por erosión hídrica es uno de los problemas ambientales más preocupantes en la actualidad. Para estimar las tasas erosivas se requiere de información de alta resolución. No obstante, en Manabí, la limitada disponibilidad de datos locales de precipitaciones y la falta de registros detallados de uso del suelo presentan importantes restricciones para una evaluación precisa de los procesos erosivos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es estimar tasas de erosión mediante el modelo RUSLE y su relación con la cobertura de superficie y la densidad poblacional en Manabí, para evaluar su vulnerabilidad. En la metodología se delimitó la zona de estudio y se obtuvieron los factores que conforman RUSLE desde bases de datos oficiales. La delimitación del área de estudio se realizó mediante la cartografía nacional y los factores que conforman RUSLE desde bases de datos oficiales: las precipitaciones se obtuvieron desde GPCC; NDVI desde MODIS; topografía desde SRTM; propiedades del suelo desde SoilGRIDS; el Factor P fue considerado como unidad debido a la carencia de información estadística. Se registraron tasas de erosión entre 0,06 y 190,49 t/ha, con distribuciones irregulares dentro de la provincia. El 68% de los cantones manabitas registraron un riesgo Medio-alto y Muy-alto, destacando la importancia de generar medidas de mitigación frente a la erosión del suelo. Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan una base sólida para que las autoridades gubernamentales implementen medidas efectivas de control de la erosión del suelo en Manabí. La metodología aplicada es adaptable a otras regiones con condiciones geográficas y climáticas similares, lo que permite su replicación en diferentes contextos. Esto resulta especialmente relevante en el marco del cambio climático, donde la flexibilidad para adaptar soluciones locales a distintos escenarios globales es crucial para una gestión sostenible del suelo y la mitigación de la erosión.
Protection of vineyards from Zonda wind: Evaluation of forest windbreaks. Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Dematte Rodolfo Abel , Gandolfo Raso Ernesto , Huespe Josefina
Published: January 2025

In order to analyze the behavior of the Zonda wind in Mendoza Province, Argentina, the impact of various configurations and levels of optical porosity in forest windbreaks was evaluated. Different configurations of forest curtains were designed, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted using OpenFOAM software to assess the protective effect of the windbreaks. The simulations considered the Zonda wind speed type 2 (25 m/s), together with varying levels of optical porosity and geometries of the forest curtains. The results reveal that forest curtains significantly reduce the impact of strong Zonda winds. The effectiveness of these configurations is directly related to the degree of optical porosity (OP) of the forest curtains. A comparison of these findings with the existing literature highlights the importance of OP and the arrangement of forest curtains in mitigating the effects of the Zonda wind. These results corroborate previous studies that have emphasized the crucial role of windbreak structures in protecting agricultural crops from adverse weather conditions. In conclusion, the implementation of forest curtains with a porosity of between 35% and 50% is recommended to achieve effective protection against the Zonda wind in the vineyards of Mendoza. Future research is suggested to further optimize windbreak configurations and improve crop resistance to extreme weather events.
Enhancing nutrient intake, egg production, and egg quality by fermented Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal in a diet of laying quail
Authors: Utami Merry Muspita Dyah , Akbar Abigeil
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: The inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) in poultry feed is often limited due to its high crude fiber and mimosine content. This study investigates the potential of fermented LLM (FLM) to enhance nutrient intake, egg production, and egg quality in laying quails by reducing anti-nutritional factors through fermentation.

Materials and Methods: Two hundred 42-day-old laying quails were assigned to five dietary treatments: T0 (control) = 100% basal diet (BD), T1 = 98% BD + 2% FLM, T2 = 96% BD + 4% FLM, T3 = 94% BD + 6% FLM, and T4 = 92% BD + 8% FLM. Parameters including nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production, egg weight, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, and yolk color were measured over a 28-day trial. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s test for significant differences (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: FLM supplementation significantly improved energy, protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus intake while reducing FCR. At 4% FLM inclusion, significant enhancements in egg production, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, and yolk color were observed. Conversely, fiber intake and overall feed intake remained unaffected across treatments. The highest egg production (56.43%) and best yolk color (8,95) were observed in the 8% FLM group.

Conclusion: Incorporating FLM into the diets of laying quails effectively enhances nutrient utilization and improves egg production and quality without increasing feed intake. The optimal inclusion level for maximizing benefits appears to be 4-8% FLM.

Keywords: Egg production, egg quality, fermentation, Leucaena leucocephala, nutrient intake.
Geoparque Quarta Colônia e Ornitoálbum
Authors: Vestena Rosemar de Fátima , Sarturi Hundertmarck Mariana
Published: January 2025

Ao considerar a importância da utilização de recursos educacionais lúdicos para o aprimoramento da formação vinculada à educação ambiental, objetiva-se aqui apresentar o potencial de mobilização de conhecimento socioambiental oriundo do Produto Educacional (PE) ´Ornitoálbum`. Valendo-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, o presente estudo de caso contém dados advindos de fontes bibliográficas e de registros fotográficos obtidos junto aos pesquisados. Destinado ao uso didático junto a estudantes do ensino fundamental, o PE está organizado no formato de um álbum de figurinhas, e foi desenvolvido na Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Na busca por mediar conhecimentos acerca da biodiversidade de aves do sul do país, principalmente no Geoparque Quarta Colônia (GQC), constatou-se que o uso didático-pedagógico do Ornitoábum estimulou a educação ambiental, aguçou o sentido de pertencimento e foi mediador de conhecimento teórico-prático, com positivos reflexos socioambientais na região.
Sentires, vivencias y diálogos críticos en desafío con las realidades socioambientales comunitaria
Authors: Ortega Otero Carmen , Ariza Ariza Leidy Gabriela , Pérez Vásquez Nabi Del Socorro
Published: January 2025

El texto consolida las realidades socioambientales en las comunidades de los municipios de Ciénaga de Oro, Chinú y Moñitos del departamento de Córdoba (Colombia), a partir de sentires, vivencias y diálogos críticos con habitantes y representantes de organizaciones comunitarias. Con enfoque cualitativo, caracterizó las percepciones de los sujetos sociales en contexto socioambiental y orientándolos con talleres hacia la formación de ciudadanos ambientales. Evidenciando la ausencia de procesos formativos ambientales y el abandono estatal, necesidades desatendidas y problemas que afectan la calidad de vida, destacándose la vulnerabilidad y de poco reconocimiento. Asumen interacciones con su territorio natural, social, político, económico, ético, entre otras, las cuales no se pueden separar de los sentimientos, costumbres, creencias, actitudes, comportamientos e imaginarios socioambientales, entretejidos en relaciones para búsqueda de soluciones ambientales.
Educación Ambiental en la comunidad de Puerto Peñasco
Authors: Ramírez Beltrán Rafael Tonatiuh , Bustamante Cornejo Joaquín Antonio , Meixueiro Armando
Published: January 2025

Un grupo de mujeres y hombres del municipio de Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, México, dentro de los que se destacan maestros, empresarios, pescadores, integrantes de OSC (Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil), preocupados por temas ambientales, salud, educación, seguridad, entre otros, contactan a especialistas de educación ambiental de las universidades Anáhuac México Norte y Pedagógica Nacional 95 (diciembre 2016), para exponer su preocupación y atender la problemática desde su visión y alcance. Como resultado de esta coordinación se destacan las siguientes acciones que ya se han realizado: Dos Coloquios Regionales de Educación Ambiental (noviembre 2018, 2022); una exposición de arte “Siqueiros: Huellas Digitales” (octubre 2022); un libro donde se plasma la experiencia del I Coloquio (noviembre 2022); una carrera de 5Km por la Educación Ambiental (noviembre 2022); la creación de “La Conciencia de El Pinacate A.C.” (diciembre 2022); un programa en la plataforma de youtube: El Pinacate News (diciembre 2022); un ensayo titulado “La ansiedad en los ojos”, donde se plasma la experiencia de la exposición de Siqueiros (febrero 2023); la publicación de un número especial en la revista “Pálido punto de luz, No. 150” de la experiencia del II Coloquio (marzo 2023); un mural para fortalecer la identidad y denunciar actos de corrupción e impunidad, así como en apoyo a madres buscadoras de hijos desaparecidos (marzo 2024). Con la experiencia adquirida, se tiene considerado realizar el III Coloquio Regional (febrero 2025), ampliar el alcance (por demanda social) de estudiar e incorporar la Educación Ambiental como una herramienta de prevención del delito desde una visión comunitaria.
Educação Ambiental e Patrimonial
Authors: Barros Gomes Hector , Ferreira Silva Rosana Louro
Published: January 2025

A pesquisa em questão, parte de um doutorado, foca na Educação Ambiental e Patrimonial enquanto ferramentas para registro da cultura indígena guarani, situada em São Paulo, Brasil. A partir de recursos audiovisuais feitos pela própria comunidade, foram analisadas as questões ambientais que se conectam com a vida e experiências guarani, para compreender a visão de conflitos socioambientais. Com base na pesquisa etnográfica crítica, todo o processo foi feito com participação ativa da comunidade indígena. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a questão da territorialidade é essencial para a identidade guarani, e conflitos com o meio urbano são comuns, e ameaçam a sua existência de forma constante. A produção audiovisual pode servir como base de dados e um acervo de educação ambiental voltado para o patrimônio e valorização dessas comunidades tradicionais.
Sinergias de los saberes ancestrales de la comunidad indígena Embera katío en la Institución Educativa Canyidó, vereda Tuis Tuis de Tierralta - Córdoba (Colombia)
Authors: Cadavid Velásquez Edith de Jesús , Rodriguez Pérez Sehila María , Cardona Del Toro Eider Luís , Rincón Ariza Delia
Published: January 2025

La preocupación de adultos y mayores del Pueblo Embera Katío es cada vez más alta porque se ha venido perdiendo la identidad en los jóvenes, se evidencian muchos comportamientos occidentales más que en otros tiempos, y la experiencia les dice estar expuestos a perder sus tradiciones y no cuidar el ambiente. Este artículo pretende mostrar procesos de sinergia entre la comunidad indígena y la escuela. Asimismo, como los profesores fortalecen saberes ancestrales desde una educación propia y ambiental. Con enfoque cualitativo, metodología hermenéutica interpretativa y etnográfica, se entrevistaron a 4 mayores, 6 adultos y 2 profesores indígenas de la Institución Educativa Canyidó, vereda Tuis Tuis de Tierralta- Córdoba (Colombia). Los profesores han comprendido la importancia de interconectar la comunidad en los aprendizajes de los niños a través del diálogo de saberes.
Bosque da Memória de Ijuí/RS
Authors: Werner Ferreira Francesca , Ghisleni Pamela Copetti , Roman Arlete Regina
Published: January 2025

A pandemia de Covid-19 alterou significativamente os rituais de despedida e evidenciou a importância dos trabalhadores da saúde. Para homenagear os falecidos e agradecer aos profissionais da saúde, foi lançada, pela Rede de ONGs da Mata Atlântica, a Campanha Bosques da Memória, marcando o início da Década da Restauração de Ecossistemas 2021-2030. Em Ijuí/RS, a AVICO-BRASIL e a AIPAN propuseram o projeto à comunidade local, tendo em vista que o Município, que contabiliza mais de trezentos óbitos por Covid-19, encontra-se num ecótono (Mata Atlântica e Pampa) muito degradado. Este texto apresenta reflexões, a partir da experiência do Bosque da Memória de Ijuí, sobre como ações de recuperação socioambiental puderam constituir alternativas aos rituais de despedida em meio à pandemia, viabilizando a ressignificação da tragédia e a construção da memória coletiva.
Comemorando os 30 anos do mestrado em Educação Ambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG
Authors: López Velasco Sirio
Published: January 2025

Esta palestra foi proferida em 5 de setembro de 2024 nas dependências do Instituto de Educação da FURG, em Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
Death Stalks the Yakama: Epidemiological Transitions and Mortality on the Yakama
Authors: Trafzer Clifford E.
Published: January 2025

Clifford Trafzer's disturbing new work, Death Stalks the Yakama, examines life, death, and the shockingly high mortality rates that have persisted among the fourteen tribes and bands living on the Yakama Reservation in the state of Washington. The work contains a valuable discussion of Indian beliefs about spirits, traditional causes of death, mourning ceremonies, and memorials. More significant, however, is Trafzer's research into heretofore unused parturition and death records from 1888-1964. In these documents, he discovers critical evidence to demonstrate how and why many reservation people died in "epidemics" of pneumonia, tuberculosis, and heart disease. Death Stalks the Yakama, takes into account many variables, including age, gender, listed causes of death, residence, and blood quantum. In addition, analyses of fetal and infant mortality rates as well as crude death rates arising from tuberculosis, pneumonia, heart disease, accidents, and other causes are presented. Trafzer argues that Native Americans living on the Yakama Reservation were, in fact, in jeopardy as a result of the "reservation system" itself. Not only did this alien and artificial culture radically alter traditional ways of life, but sanitation methods, housing, hospitals, public education, medicine, and medical personnel affiliated with the reservation system all proved inadequate, and each in its own way contributed significantly to high Yakama death rates.
El cicerón de «La tradición cosmopolita» de Martha C. Nussbaum: ¿cosmopolitismo o imperialismo justo?
Authors: Martínez Fernández Iker
Published: January 2025

Se discute el uso que Martha C. Nussbaum hace del libro I de Sobre los deberes en La tradición cosmopolita como la primera propuesta de cosmopolitismo estoico. Más específicamente, cuestiono que del fragmento 1. 20-60 pueda extraerse una teoría sobre la «bifurcación de los deberes ». Frente a esta tesis, propongo interpretar el fragmento, por un lado, como la exposición que un padre experimentado en política realiza a su hijo acerca de la manera más prudente de comportarse para que sus acciones sean consideradas dignas de su posición social, y, por otro, como un programa que definiría los valores propios de la romanidad tal y como Cicerón la concibe. Desde un punto de vista político, se pretende cimentar la postura optimate frente al programa redistributivo de los populares. Filosóficamente, se combate la versión del estoicismo igualitarista o cínico subrayando la importancia del principio platónico-aristotélico de sociabilidad natural del ser humano y de los deberes cívicos que se derivan de él.
Alcance ético de la hermenéutica de Hans-Georg Gadamer
Authors: Palazzi Cristian
Published: January 2025

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2001) nunca escribió una ética, sin embargo, su aportación a la filosofía a partir de la exploración de los límites de la hermenéutica estuvo marcada en todo momento por un sustrato ético que a día de hoy nos sirve para orientarnos en un presente caótico y desordenado como el que vivimos. La hermenéutica como arte de la comprensión nos ofrece las herramientas necesarias para navegar los procelosos mares del pensamiento relativista e instrumental, ya que nos recuerda el horizonte compartido del que todos participamos para vivir en comunidad. Este artículo toma como punto de partida la obra tardía de Gadamer, aquella que en algunos casos ni siquiera llegó a incluirse dentro de su obra completa, y expone a partir de sus análisis sobre la salud, las condiciones de la razón social, la educación y la idea de solidaridad como es posible interpretar la realidad social y humana de manera hermenéutica y cuales son sus implicaciones éticas.
Implicaciones epistemológicas y estéticas de la imagen científica para la cultura visual
Authors: Domínguez Muñino Javier
Published: January 2025

Los actuales modelos teóricos y educativos que conciernen a los Estudios Visuales, suscriben una Cultura Visual planteada desde la transversalidad; las imágenes transitan diferentes contextos, y cumplen distintas funciones entre las cuales se debaten los regímenes estético y epistemológico. Un ejemplo situado en este marco es la micrografía digital: un corpus visual identificado con imágenes técnicas en su origen productivo, altamente mediadas por artefactos, y leídas como dispositivos de conocimiento. En este sentido, la propuesta se alinea con el denominado sistema ACT (Arte, Ciencia, Tecnología) para hacer converger los distintos canales sensibles y epistemológicos; y describir un proceso, de metáfora visual, por el que somos capaces de traducir modelos abstractos en códigos gráficos que paradójicamente generan imágenes emancipadas. Desde el signo cifrado hasta la autonomía visual, la micrografía replantea oportunamente fronteras y categorías en el terreno académico; así como abre un nuevo camino en la práctica artística visual.
La ambigüedad de los afectos en la ética de Spinoza
Authors: Hoyos Sánchez Inmaculada
Published: January 2025

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar la ambigüedad que caracteriza a la definición de los afectos que Spinoza presenta al principio del libro III de su Ética en lo que respecta a la locución adverbial et simul que aparece en ella. El problema que aquí se plantea es aclarar hasta qué punto y en qué sentido Spinoza podría considerar que hay afectos del cuerpo o afectos del alma puramente. Este estudio pretende añadir argumentos, basados en las consideraciones que hace Spinoza sobre el placer y el dolor, que respalden la hipótesis de la existencia de afectos del cuerpo, pero haciendo compatible dicha tesis con el enfoque monista de Spinoza.
Morální hazard v české právní praxi
Authors: Hraba Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

The article analysis problem of moral hazard in Czech legal practice. The author explains current Czech Jaw regulation of several significant legal professions – judge, prosecutor, executor, notary and attorney at law – as a possible source of moral hazard. The potential causal connection between moral hazard and legal regulation of practice above mentioned professions, author see in existence of obligatory insurance and complicated process to claim damages caused by a lawyer. A lawyer knows about that insurance or complications with damages and this fact should cause eventual negligence in his decision making, because the likelihood of his financial responsibility is minimal.
Společenská odpovědnost podniku na příkladu advokátní kanceláře
Authors: Hogenová Marcela , Votava Adam , Rybáková Michaela
Published: January 2025

The integration of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities within the overall strategy and value network of the firm demonstrates the responsibility felt by the firm for the state and running of society. This responsibility is owed to firm's people, marketplace, community and environment. This paper deals with different types of CSR activities, their importance and approaches to measuring CSR in Allen & Overy. It also shows concrete CSR activities used in Allen & Overy in the four pillars of CSR, i.e., people, marketplace, community and environment. The stress is put on Pro Bono and Community Work.
The Stojka family Spatial mobility and territorial anchoredness of Lovara Vlax Roms in the former Czechoslovakia
Authors: Hajská Markéta
Published: January 2025

The book traces the history of a Romani family from the territory of today’s Slovakia across the 19th and 20th centuries. Working with a large body of diverse historical sources as well as with a wealth of ethnographic data, Markéta Hajská places the story of the Stojka family in two historical arenas: the history of Czechoslovakia, as an example of a newly-emerging Central European nation-state during a highly turbulent period of complex political changes, and the history of Roms in Central Europe as a heterogeneous ethnic group that has historically formed part of local multi-ethnic societies.

The Stojka family belonged to a particular group of Roms, a minority within the diverse Slovak Romani population, self-identifying today as Lovara or Vlax Roms. The Lovara economies were based on regular trade routes of varying lengths across today’s Czech and Slovak Republics, Austria, Poland and Hungary. At the same time, contrary to the popular misconception of “travelling Gypsies” as non-belonging nomads, and notwithstanding the continuity of policing practices and securitisation of varying intensity directed at the people subsumed under this term by the changing state authorities, the Stojka family was also residentially and socially anchored in a particular local rural community through a network of diverse social relations including house ownership.
Soil-driven physiological and biometric traits in Ceiba pentandra (L. Gaertn) via cleft grafting and seed propagation in Southern India
Authors: Banoo R , Murugesh M , Vaiyapuri K , Rajagopal B , Balamurugan J , Sekar I , Sujatha K B , Yadav N
Published: January 2025

Ceiba pentandra, a multipurpose tree species, is widely utilized in agroforestry and afforestation projects. Evaluating its growth in diverse soil types via sexual and asexual propagation is essential for its promotion in various ecological regions. Thus, the current study was carried out to assess the growth of kapok in Tamil Nadu black soil and red laterite soil. Seeds for sexual propagation and scion wood for asexual propagation (cleft grafting) of Ceiba pentandra were obtained from four superior trees in Coimbatore and Theni districts. Six-month-old nursery-raised seedlings were used as rootstock. Seeds were sown and cleft grafting was conducted in February 2023. Both seedlings and grafts were transplanted to two study locations in September 2023. Significant variations in biometric parameters among different sources, soil types and propagation techniques were observed. CP-29 ramet recorded maximum height, volume index, greater photosynthetic rate and relative water content. Significant correlations between growth attributes and physiological traits were documented in the current study. Positive correlation between photosynthetic rate, number of leaves and stomatal conductance were noted. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that principal component 1 (PC1) accounted for 59.7% of the total variability and PC2 accounted for 35.1%. Ramets established through cleft grafting in black soil have shown favourable growth. Thus, the CP29 and MTP01 exhibited superior performances based on growth traits.
Isolation and characterization of arbuscular mycorrhiza from a newly developed L J farm at village Dumana, Viramgam, Gujarat
Authors: Sherashiya M I , Sahay N S
Published: January 2025

Mycorrhiza in general and arbuscular mycorrhiza in particular are the most important terrestrial fungi that evolved with the evolution of land and plants and became a part and parcel of the plant's growth and development. It is so important for plant nutrition that its density and diversity were studied worldwide in different habitats, niches and climates. In the present study, a spore density of 1.6 to 4.04 per g of soil was observed in a semi-arid region; agroclimatic zone V of Gujarat at Dumana L J Farm, Viramgam. Nine different species of endomycorrhizae were characterized; however, species of Glomus and Acaulospora were dominant taxa. Because there is little taxonomic diversity in such a large group of mycorrhizal fungi, it is crucial to analyze local populations that have adapted to different environments. Depending on the climate, each species may have a significant amount of genetic variation. The result shows the spore density in a developing plantation field, which was earlier mainly used for the cultivation of a local variety of cotton. Since there is no such report on the density and diversity of endomycorrhiza from this region, this primary study will serve as a baseline for the comparison of the spore density of future studies of the region/field in different plants and seasons.
Rapid depletion of total sugars in stored sweet corn seeds limits shelf life
Authors: Ashoknarayanan S , Umarani R , Vanitha C , Eevera T , Djanaguiraman M , Sudha P , Anand T
Published: January 2025

Sweet corn, a naturally occurring mutant of field corn, is characterized by elevated levels of water-soluble polysaccharides due to the inhibition of sugar-to-starch conversion during seed development. This mutation results in seeds with lower carbohydrate reserves, which pose challenges such as reduced germination, seed vigour, poor field establishment, and limited shelf life. In this study, we investigated the relationship between food reserve levels and seed germination and vigour in sweet corn over a storage period. Seeds from both sweet and field corn, each with 8% moisture content, were stored under three conditions: ambient air, nitrogen, and vacuum. After six months, sweet corn seeds exhibited a 30% decrease in germination under ambient conditions, accompanied by a 73% reduction in total sugars. In contrast, field corn seeds showed a 6% decrease in germination and a 22% reduction in total starch under the same conditions. Notably, seed germination and seedling dry matter production were significantly and positively correlated with food reserve levels in both sweet and field corn across all storage environments. Total sugars were identified as a significant contributor to seed germination in sweet corn (p < 0.05), with regression models showing high R² values (0.9860 to 0.9998), indicating strong alignment with the observed data. These findings suggest that the depletion of total sugars in sweet corn seeds, driven by respiration and oxidation during storage, plays a critical role in the decline of seed quality and shelf life.
Enhancing chemical security and safety in the education sector: a pilot study at the university of Zakho and Koya University as an initiative for Kurdistan’s Universities-Iraq
Authors: Saleh Dunya I. , Ahmed Kanaan R. , Ahmed Sangar S. , Tofiq Diary I.
Published: January 2025

Shortcomings in the chemical safety and security curriculum in Kurdistan universities and a lack of awareness have led to undesired incidents. Unassessed chemical risks in academic centers challenge compliance with health, safety, and environmental policies. To address this, a pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of a new chemical risk management curriculum. Results showed a 57.4 % increase in participants’ knowledge of chemical safety and security principles. Awareness of the distinction between safety and security improved significantly, from 18.8 % to 42.6 %. Interest in learning more about chemical safety rose from 35 % to 50 %. Statistical analysis summarized the findings, including weighted mean, ranked mean, grouped standard deviation, count, and percentages. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test assessed differences between pre- and post-surveys, with a p-value of 0.05 or less confirming statistical significance. This pilot study demonstrates the curriculum’s potential to enhance chemical safety and security knowledge, offering a model for other universities to reduce incidents and improve compliance with safety protocols.
Investigating the prediction ability of the ionospheric continuity equation during the geomagnetic storm on May 8, 2016
Authors: Mahbuby Hany , Amerian Yazdan
Published: January 2025

Ionospheric electron density (IED) and vertical total electron content (VTEC) are two of the most important characteristics that interpret the ionosphere. Today, satellite geodesy plays an important role in providing these data. Apart from monitoring the ionosphere by means of Global Navigation Satellite System observations, predictions of these ionospheric characteristics have also been taken into consideration. The majority of prediction methods in the ionosphere are focused on VTEC prediction. The continuity equation in the ionosphere is a spatiotemporal partial differential equation that can be used to predict both IED and VTEC. In this study, we address this issue during May 8, 2016, which was a day of high geomagnetic activity. For this purpose, first, high-accuracy IED grids with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° in longitude and latitude, 50 km in altitude, and a temporal resolution of 10 min are prepared. These IED grids are called analysis grids and are derived by assimilation of GPS-derived VTECs into the background IED grids provided by international reference ionosphere. Second, the analysis grids can be utilized as the initial and boundary values in the continuity equation to predict IED for the next 3 h with a step of 10 min. The analysis grids are constructed over the Iran region, and the performance of the continuity equation in the ionosphere prediction is investigated during the strongest geomagnetic storm of 2016. Finally, the accuracy of the predictions has been evaluated in two ways. First, analysis grids with high accuracy are available for each epoch in which the prediction is presented. On average, the root mean square (RMS) of the differences between the predicted IEDs and the analysis IEDs is 1.66 × 1010 el/m3 for 1-h predictions and 5.33 × 1010 el/m3 for 3-h predictions. Second, by numerical integration of the predicted grids in the vertical direction, VTECs are estimated and compared with VTEC values of test data that were already known. On average, the RMS of their difference was 1.29 total electron content unit (TECU) for 1-h predictions and 2.57 TECU for 3-h predictions. An acceptable accuracy for both IED and VTEC prediction by a continuity equation has been obtained up to 3 h on the most active ionospheric day.
Penalty kicks: an adversarial risk analysis (ARA) perspective
Authors: Luxenberg Samuel , Soyer Refik , Bose Sudip
Published: January 2025

Penalty kicks are critical to game outcomes in soccer. The typical quantitative strategy is as follows. First, model such an interaction as a two or three strategy game between the kicker and the goalkeeper. Second, find the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE) to determine the “optimal” probabilities of each player choosing to kick or dive to either side or to the center of the goal. While this is the usual path to a solution, it is also fraught with many assumptions due to the nature of penalty kick data as well as due to implicit assumptions within the game theory model. In this paper, we introduce an alternative set of strategies, known as adversarial risk analysis (ARA), to determine optimal decisions for the penalty kick game. ARA, which is grounded in the principles of Bayesian decision analysis, allows the decision maker to avoid many of the assumptions and limitations encountered when using the game theory approach. By examining 2018–2019 Major League Soccer (MLS) penalty kicks on an individual basis, we show that our most accurate ARA model predicts the correct goalkeeper decision 65 % of the time, while the game-theoretic model predicts correctly 51 % of the time, a statistically significant difference.
All-optical analog differential operation and information processing empowered by meta-devices
Authors: Zhou Chen , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: January 2025

The burgeoning demand for high-performance computing, robust data processing, and rapid growth of big data necessitates the emergence of novel optical devices to efficiently execute demanding computational processes. The field of meta-devices, such as metamaterial or metasurface, has experienced unprecedented growth over the past two decades. By manipulating the amplitude, phase, polarization, and dispersion of light wavefronts in spatial, spectral, and temporal domains, viable solutions for the implementation of all-optical analog computation and information processing have been provided. In this review, we summarize the latest developments and emerging trends of computational meta-devices as innovative platforms for spatial optical analog differentiators and information processing. Based on the general concepts of spatial Fourier transform and Green’s function, we analyze the physical mechanisms of meta-devices in the application of amplitude differentiation, phase differentiation, and temporal differentiation and summarize their applications in image edge detection, image edge enhancement, and beam shaping. Finally, we explore the current challenges and potential solutions in optical analog differentiators and provide perspectives on future research directions and possible developments.
Dynamics of dual-orbit rotations of nanoparticles induced by spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Qian , Zhuang Zikuan , Lin Fei , Hong Ling , Che Zhen , Zhuo Linqing , Li Yongyao , Zhang Li , Zhao Dongxu
Published: January 2025

Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in tightly focused optical fields offers a powerful mechanism for manipulating the complex motion of particles. However, to date, such a mechanism has only been applied to the single-orbit motion for particles, while multi-orbital dynamics have not yet been experimentally demonstrated. Here, the theoretical and experimental realization of dual-orbit rotational dynamics of nanoparticles in a tightly focused circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beam is reported. Analyses reveal that the dual-orbit rotation of nanoparticles originates from SOC in a tightly focused vortex beam, with the motion velocity and direction determined by the topological charge of the beam. Experimentally, the dual-orbit rotation of polystyrene nanoparticles was observed for the first time using an inverted optical tweezer. In addition, the rotation velocity showed a clear linear dependence on the topological charge of the incident beam. This work reveals the pivotal role of SOC in enabling precise dual-orbit control at the nanoscale, paving the way for applications in optical sorting, grinding and delivery of microparticles.
A Participatory Approach to Uniting the Multiple Agendas of Social Arts
Authors: Bos Eltje , Huss Ephrat
Published: January 2025

Within rapid global social change and societies becoming ever more diverse, fluid, and divided, the social arts can contribute to maintaining a unified, tolerant, and coherent society. Social arts are often initiated by different stakeholders committed to health, therapy, political action, and/or social change. These are hard to typify and characterize and thus hard to evaluate. This article presents an overview of multiple theories and perspectives in the social arts and suggests how to incorporate them into an evaluative model preserving perspectives and goals of these different stakeholders. We propose a definition of social arts followed by an analysis in the context of fine arts, psychology, and social theories. Next, the challenges of researching and evaluating social arts initiatives are discussed, followed by potential pathways and instruments for assessment. This presentation of frameworks, challenges, and methods may lead to further research on social arts initiatives and their impact on society.
Poetry in Peer Groups to Reduce Suicide in a Latin American Context
Authors: Agudelo-Hernandez Felipe , Echeverry Mariana Rojas , Chaves Matias Mejia
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to determine the impact on the reduction of mental health problems in adolescents who participate in support groups with poetry, those who participate in groups with other methodologies, and those who do not participate in support groups. This community trial, which performed in 2021, included 1252 adolescents, of whom 171 showed suicidal risk. Three groups were formed： a support group where poetry was included among the methods, a support group that worked on crafts, and a control group that did not participate in support groups. Greater recovery occurred in adolescents who participated in poetry. Recovery strategies can include artistic elements in their methodologies to increase effectiveness.
Secuencias del pasado y del presente de los estudios cinematográficos en España
Authors: J. Benet Vicente
Published: January 2025

En el año 2002, la Society for Cinema Studies, probablemente la asociación académica más numerosa e influyente de estudios cinematográficos a escala internacional, decidió añadir un nuevo término al nombre que había mantenido durante las cuatro décadas precedentes. A partir de ese momento, y hasta la actualidad, pasó a denominarse Society for Cinema and Media Studies (SCMS). Si uno siente la curiosidad de recorrer los programas de los congresos previos a esta edición archivados en su página web, puede observar con nitidez cómo los estudios centrados en la televisión y lo que entonces se denominaba «new media» iban ganado relevancia en los abigarrados paneles y las conferencias plenarias de la asociación. El avance manifestaba un doble síntoma que no pasaba desapercibido. Por un lado, el lugar central que había ocupado el cine dentro del pensamiento sobre el audiovisual comenzaba a desplazarse hacia un territorio periférico, aunque todavía no demasiado definido. Por otro lado, y en tensión con lo anterior, la tradición del pensamiento sobre el cine seguía siendo un modelo fundamental para el análisis de estos nuevos medios, sobre todo cuando se intentaba abordar su función más allá de los estudios sociológicos o estadísticos. Por decirlo con palabras de Rick Altman, alrededor del cambio de siglo se produjo en la disciplina un desplazamiento en el que los estudios específicos sobre el cine pasaron de tener un carácter centrípeto, como punto de llegada al que se dirigía el pensamiento sobre el audiovisual, a un carácter centrífugo2.
Effect of wood chips and wood board-ends of Gmelina arborea on yields and process of slow pyrolysis using a semi-industrial reactor prototype
Authors: Granados-Chacón Jair , Moya Roger , Valencia-González Luis Pablo
Published: January 2025

Pyrolysis of biomass residues can generate savings in the value chains of forest products due to the potential uses of its products in the forestry sector. The aim of this study was to determine the performance during slow pyrolysis process and the yields of different products of two types of residues, wood chips and solid wood board-ends from Gmelina arborea. Results showed no significant differences in yields of charcoal (26 to 28%), wood vinegar (28 to 30%) and non-condensable gases (37%), but bio-oil yield was higher for the solid wood board-ends residues (7.7%). The evaluation of energy charcoal characteristics and wood vinegar was similar for two types of residues. So, results suggest that two types of residues provided similar charcoal, condensable and non-condensable gases yields, but solid board-ends are recommended to obtain higher yield of bio-oil and complete the process in less time. Charcoal and vinegar characteristic were affected by type of residues.
Biodegradability of cellulose fibers, films, and particles: A Review
Authors: Hubbe Martin A. , Daystar Jesse S. , Venditti Richard A. , Pawlak Joel J. , Zambrano Marielis C. , Barlaz Morton , Ankeny Mary , Pires Steven
Published: January 2025

Cellulose fibers are an abundant material that is well known for its biodegradability. Various forms of cellulose, such as cotton, paper pulp fibers, and microcrystalline cellulose can be regarded as benchmarks for biodegradability, when comparing other materials. However, as revealed by the literature, broad ranges of time and extent of biodegradation have been reported for cellulose. These large ranges can be attributed not only to environmental factors but also to the presence of lignin, the degree and perfection of crystallinity, the size and density of the physical specimens, and chemical modifications to the cellulose, if any. Studies also have shown differences in biodegradability associated with the selection of test methods. Although cellulose is subject to well-known enzyme-promoted mechanisms of biodegradation, the evolution of plant materials has favored development of some resistance to decay, i.e. recalcitrance. Cellulosic materials are clearly less biodegradable than starch. However, they are more biodegradable than various synthetic or bio-based plastics, as well as some cellulose derivatives, which persist in ocean water or soils for very long periods. This review indicates that cellulose biodegradability, while generally rapid and natural, has a rate and extent that depends on a complex and sometimes subtle set of environmental and chemical factors.
THE IMPACT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR ON THE FOOD INFLATION RATE PERSISTENCE IN UKRAINE: A FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION MODEL
Authors: BENKHELOUF Rachid , SAHED Abdelkader
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to test for food inflation persistence in Ukraine using univariate fractional integration techniques. The GPH (Geweke-Porter-Hudak) test and the local Whittle estimator are both methods used in the analysis of time series data, particularly in the context of long memory processes.  In addition to measuring the persistence of the food inflation rate using the ARFIMA model, the empirical results suggest evidence of the persistence of low food inflation rate in Ukraine, albeit with the same trend, before and during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Also, the food inflation rate has long-term memory properties, regardless of the sample used. The results show that memory parameters for all cases (Full, Pre-war, and Dur-war) are within the stationary range (0 < d < 0.5) and with almost equal. Nevertheless, the estimates of d suggest that the food inflation rate series exhibit a long memory, that the effect of shocks will eventually disappear in the short run in all cases (Full, Pre-war, and Dur-war). So there is no strong impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the food inflation rate persistence in Ukraine. This explains that the Ukrainian government's monetary policy strongly absorbs the shocks and effectively mitigates the impacts of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The ability to also exploit fractional integration in a univariate setup when modeling food inflation is a major contribution of this study, and ignoring the same may lead to wrong conclusions.
October 2024 ACIP Meeting Update: Influenza, COVID-19, RSV and Other Vaccines
Authors: Gaviria-Agudelo Claudia , Yonts Alexandra B. , Kimberlin David W. , O’Leary Sean T. , Paulsen Grant C.
Published: January 2025

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a group of medical and public health experts that provides advice to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, normally meets 3 times per year to develop US vaccine recommendations. The ACIP met October 23-24, 2024, to discuss influenza vaccines, chikungunya vaccines, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines, RSV immunizations, meningococcal vaccines, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, pneumococcal vaccines, and adult and child/adolescent immunization schedule revisions. This update summarizes the proceedings of these meetings, with an emphasis on topics that are most relevant to the pediatric population. Major updates for pediatric clinicians include information regarding COVID-19 and influenza vaccine recommendations, meningococcal vaccination considerations, and updates regarding implementation and effectiveness of RSV immunization in pregnant people and infants.
Р. DESCARTES: PRINCIPLES OF RATIONALISTIC METHOD AND MORALITY (TO THE QUESTION ON THE METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL WORK)
Authors: OSETROVA Oksana
Published: January 2025

In this article, the focus of research attention is directed at understanding the principles of the deductive rationalist method of the French thinker of the New Age, R.Descartes, who formulated the rules of morality on its basis. The work involves a critical analysis of these principles, in particular morality, given the current conditions of existence, marked by social cataclysms that cause tragic changes and difficult life circumstances, the search for ways to minimize/overcome which should be directed by modern scientific research, which is currently being developed in the field of philosophy and social work. The purpose of this study is to provide a philosophical critical analysis of the key principles of the rationalist method of cognition and the maxims built on its basis, proposed by R. Descartes for personal discretion. In addition, the paper focuses on those obstacles that, by obscuring the common sense of an individual, lead to the non-obviousness of the ocular, which results in the establishment and further adherence to a false conclusion instead of the true one, which will be facilitated by the use of the psychoanalytic method of research. The achievement of this goal will contribute to the formation of critical thinking in novice scientists, which, based on doubt, should ultimately be directed not at denial and removal, which is irrational destruction, but at achieving and comprehending the truth, which should be the basis for finding constructive solutions in such meaningful areas of human activity as philosophy and practical social work. The analysis made it possible to identify the following important points:1. In terms of ratio: special attention should be paid to understanding the essence of the first principle of R.Descartes’ rationalist method, which provides for a comprehensive scientific justification for the choice of simple and obvious truths as the basis for further development of scientific research, which will refute the non-obviousness of the obvious, as well as a careful approach to identifying keywords within it. 2. In terms of morality: a scientist should develop determination, firmness, and perseverance, which, despite doubts, will allow him or her to follow his or her own individual scientific trajectory. In the future, this work should focus on the conscious choice and use of methods of cognition, which will help to improve the efficiency of research activities and the quality of work of beginning scientists.