bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Smoking on Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Radiofrequency Analysis of 194 Implants
Authors: Badenes-Catalán Javier , Pallarés-Sabater Antonio
Published: July 2020

Although many studies have related smoking to peri-implantitis and marginal bone loss, little is known of its potential impact on dental implant osseointegration. The present clinical study explores the influence of smoking on secondary stabilization based in radiofrequency analysis. A total of 194 implants in 114 patients were included. Implant stability was evaluated on the day of surgery and at a minimum of 90 days after implantation, when osseointegration is considered to have been completed. The evolution of implant stability was compared between 2 groups: smokers and nonsmokers. The following variables were also analyzed: implant brand and model, length, diameter, insertion torque, bone density according to the Misch classification, location of the implant, and patient age and gender. The results showed that smoking did not affect the primary stability of the implant, although it was associated with a marked decrease in secondary stability. The nonsmokers showed a gain of 2.69 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.529–3.865; P < .001) in the osseointegration process. However, in the smokers group, implant stability was seen to decrease 0.91 points (95% CI: −3.424 to 1.600; P < .004), generating a difference of 3.61 points between smokers and nonsmokers. Smoking is thus concluded to be an important factor that must be taken into account when seeking good implant osseointegration outcomes.
Biogenic nanoselenium synthesis, its antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and toxicity
Authors: Chellapa Lalitha Rani , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Indiran Meignana Arumugham , Samuel Srinivasan Raj
Published: July 2020

Biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesised using the herbal extract of Triphala, and the authors assessed their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and toxicity. Synthesised nanoparticles were confirmed through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and were characterised using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The structure, size and crystal density were evaluated through transmission electron microscopy, and the compounds responsible for the synthesis and stabilisation of SeNPs were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans using agar diffusion, and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate assay was used to evaluate the nanoparticles’ antioxidant potential. The toxicity of SeNPs was tested on brine shrimps. Spectrophotometry (415 nm), infrared spectroscopy (C–O, N=O, C=O) and diffraction analysis (mil-101 face-centred cubic) confirmed the synthesis of crystalline nanoparticles, and transmission electron microscopy revealed smooth spherical nanoparticles (13.5 nm). The nanoparticles exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans and an excellent antioxidant potential in a dose-dependent manner (93% inhibition/50-µl concentration). The 100-µl concentration was as effective as commercial antimicrobials, approximately 1/10 of their concentration, and exhibited a minimal toxicity (LC50 for brine shrimp at 48 h was 2 mg/10 ml). Triphala-augmented biogenic SeNPs are cost-effective, eco-friendly and efficient. They show a great potential as oral antimicrobial agents with superior biocompatibility and antioxidant properties.
Discourses of transnational feminism in Marie du Toit’s Vrou en feminist (1921)
Authors: Drwal Malgorzata
Published: July 2020

In this article I investigate transtextuality in Vrou en feminist (Woman and Feminist, 1921) by Marie du Toit in order to demonstrate how she grafted first-wave transnational feminism onto the Afrikaans context. Du Toit’s book is approached as a space of contact between progressive European and North American thought and a South African, particularly Afrikaner, mindset. Du Toit relied on a multiplicity of late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries discourses to support her argument that Afrikaner women become part of the feminist movement. Due to the numerous quotations from scientific papers and literary fiction, mostly English but also Dutch, her book can be described as a heteroglot text. Utilizing the histoire croisée approach, I discuss Du Toit’s text on the macro and micro scale: I locate it in a historical perspective as a literary document and focus on the ways in which diverse voices intersect and converse with one another. I argue that the book was an unsuccessful attempt at inviting the Afrikaans reader into a transnational imagined community of suffragettes because of prejudice against the English language and culture. English sources, which Du Toit extensively quoted, deterred potential Afrikaans supporters, and consequently prevented transfer of feminist thought. Even though she also supported her views with some texts in Dutch in wanting to appeal to her reader’s associations with a more familiar Dutch culture, this tactic was insufficient to tip the balance.
Presence-only and Presence-absence Data for Comparing Species Distribution Modeling Methods
Authors: Elith Jane , Graham Catherine , Valavi Roozbeh , Abegg Meinrad , Bruce Caroline , Ford Andrew , Guisan Antoine , Hijmans Robert J. , Huettmann Falk , Lohmann Lucia , Loiselle Bette , Moritz Craig , Overton Jake , Peterson A. Townsend , Phillips Steven , Richardson Karen , Williams Stephen , Wiser Susan K. , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Zimmermann Niklaus E.
Published: July 2020

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to predict and study distributions of species. Many different modeling methods and associated algorithms are used and continue to emerge. It is important to understand how different approaches perform, particularly when applied to species occurrence records that were not gathered in struc­tured surveys (e.g. opportunistic records). This need motivated a large-scale, collaborative effort, published in 2006, that aimed to create objective comparisons of algorithm performance. As a benchmark, and to facilitate future comparisons of approaches, here we publish that dataset: point location records for 226 anonymized species from six regions of the world, with accompanying predictor variables in raster (grid) and point formats. A particularly interesting characteristic of this dataset is that independent presence-absence survey data are available for evaluation alongside the presence-only species occurrence data intended for modeling. The dataset is available on Open Science Framework and as an R package and can be used as a benchmark for modeling approaches and for testing new ways to evaluate the accuracy of SDMs.
A new eddy current probe with deep penetrating field trajectories for the inspection of deep cracks in metal materials
Authors: Wu Meixian , Zhang Dongli , Wang Chuanglong
Published: July 2020

The detectability of deep cracks in metal materials is an important performance index of eddy current probes. However, because of the limitations of the skin effect of eddy currents, it is difficult to obtain deep crack information in materials using an ordinary probe. This paper proposes
a new probe with deep penetrating field trajectories for the inspection of deep cracks. To optimise its performance, contributions of the coil radius, the pick-up position and the excitation frequency to penetration depth of eddy currents are studied. The results show that the capability of
the new probe in the inspection of deep cracks is greatly improved when compared to traditional pancake probes.
Determination of surface residual stresses in carburised AISI 8620 steel by the magnetic Barkhausen noise method
Authors: Kaleli T , Gür C Hakan
Published: July 2020

Management of the residual stress state is vital for the design and production stages of carburised components in order to satisfy the technical requirements related to performance, fatigue behaviour and useful lifetime. This enforces the use of practical, reliable and time- and cost-effective
stress measurement methods by manufacturers. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of the magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) method in rapid non-destructive determination of surface residual stresses in carburised steels. A series of AISI 8620 steel specimens with different residual stress
states was prepared by altering the carburising and subsequent tempering parameters. The specimens were characterised through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations and hardness measurements, and the surface residual stresses were determined using both the MBN and X-ray diffraction
(XRD) methods. The results show that a good correlation exists between surface residual stress and the parameters derived from the MBN signals.
Are Urine Propylene Glycol or Vegetable Glycerin Markers of E-cigarette Use or Abstinence?
Authors: Hiler Marzena , Breland Alison , Wolf Carl E. , Poklis Justin L. , Nanco Carrol R. , Eissenberg Thomas
Published: July 2020

Objectives: We evaluated urine propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) as potential markers for discriminating e-cigarette (ECIG) users and non-users and verifying ECIG abstinence. Methods: We analyzed urine samples from 51 ECIG users (collected pre-/post-12-hour
ECIG ab- stinence), and 50 controls (nicotine/tobacco non-users) urine cotinine, PG, and VG concentration. Results: Of 42 ECIG users with pre-abstinence urine cotinine indicating nicotine use, mean (SD) urine cotinine concentration was 1053.7 ng/ml (874.5) and for controls was 1.93
ng/ml (0.4); after abstinence, ECIG users' mean cotinine decreased to 615.4 ng/ml (753.0). For ECIG users, mean urine PG pre-abstinence was 25.6 mcg/ml (20.0) and was 9.8 mcg/ml (13.5) for controls; after abstinence, ECIG users' mean urine PG decreased to 9.7 mcg/ml (15.0; ps < .05).
For ECIG users, mean urine VG pre-abstinence was 7.5 mcg/ml (7.1) and was 13.2 mcg/ml (25.0) for controls; after abstinence, ECIG users' mean VG decreased to 5.0 mcg/ml (4.4; ps < .05). Conclusions: ECIG users' mean urine PG was greater than controls and decreased after 12-hour
ECIG abstinence suggesting urine PG may be useful for discriminating ECIG users from non-users and verifying short-term abstinence.
Waterpipe Tobacco Warnings Need to Inform Users of Harm
Authors: Moumen Mohammed , Brinkman Marielle , Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Teferra Andreas A. , Roberts Megan E. , Klein Elizabeth G. , Nini Paul , Pennell Michael , Ferketich Amy K.
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Health warning messages could be an effective means of communicating the health risks associated with waterpipe (WP) smoking. The objective of this study was to select a message that conveyed the risks associated with WP smoking. Methods: A mixed-methods approach
was used to explore the effectiveness of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) mandated message, and others, among young adults using focus groups and surveys. Two focus group studies and one convenience survey were conducted to examine the FDA's mandated message and 11 other WP warning
messages. The final study, conducted with a random sample of first-year university students, examined the effectiveness and reactance of the chosen message using previously validated items (scored on a 1-5 scale). Results: The FDA's mandated message did not resonate well with focus
group participants. In the random sample of students, the top message (WARNING: Hookah smoke contains poisons that cause lung and oral) had high effectiveness (M = 4.49) and a low reactance (M = 2.12). Conclusions: Our studies suggest that other messages are more effective for
communicating the risks associated with WP smoking than the FDA's message for WP tobacco.
An Analysis of the FTC's Attempt to Stop the Altria-Juul Labs Deal
Authors: Levy David T. , Douglas Clifford E. , Sanchez-Romero Luz Maria , Cummings K. Michael , Sweanor David T.
Published: July 2020

On 20 December 2018, Altria, the largest US cigarette company, announced an offer for a 35% share of the large and rapidly growing vaping product company, Juul Labs. On 2 April, 2020, the Federal Trade Commission issued a complaint that the deal was anticompetitive and should be voided.
This paper analyzes the deal. We find that the deal gives Altria market power in the e-cigarette market through its support of Juul in retail stores and through the agreement not to otherwise compete in the e-cigarette market. The deal also has implications for its marketing of heated tobacco
product IQOS and generally may provide Altria greater control of the broader nicotine delivery product market.
Clinical and etiological profile of neonatal sepsis in children admitted to tertiary care hospital
Authors: Wani Jawad Nazir , Pandita Vivek , Yousuf Saleem , Yousuf Nusrat
Published: July 2020

Background: Neonatal sepsis is leading cause of mortality in children. The clinical presentation of neonatal sepsis is non-specific and variable. This study was undertaken to study clinical and etiological profile of neonatal sepsis.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of one year from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients with clinically suspected sepsis were included in this study. Detailed history and examination was done in all patients. In addition to baseline investigations, C-reactive protein and blood culture was done in all patients. Blood culture was done prior to administration of antibiotics.Results: In this study there were total of 102 patients out of which 54 were male and 48 were female. Among 102 patients, 69 patients were premature born before 37 weeks of gestation. Prematurity   emerged to be the most common   risk factor. In this study 62% patients had EOS (<72 hours of life) and 38% had LOS (>72 hours of life). The most common presenting feature were refusal of feeds, lethargy, respiratory distress and hypothermia. Other features were seizures, abdominal distension, apnea and sclerema. Blood culture was positive in 41% patients. The most common organism isolated on culture was Kleibsella followed by E. coli.Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis is leading cause of mortality in children. Early diagnosis and treatment is of paramount importance to prevent mortality. The clinical presentation of neonatal sepsis is non-specific and variable. So, high index of suspicion is required to detect sepsis at earliest. Gram negative organism like Kleibsella and E. coli are the common causative organism in neonatal sepsis.
Significance of cord blood nucleated red blood cell count in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia as a marker for intra uterine growth restriction
Authors: Krishna Priyanka , R. Karthik , E. Adarsh
Published: July 2020

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome of reduced organ perfusion secondary to vasospasm and endothelial activation which is typically characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, edema and fetal compromise which is a leading cause of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR).  Elevated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count is introduced as a potential marker of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) hence determination of NRBC counts is essentially helpful in predicting short term neurodevelopment outcome. Objective of the study Elevated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count is introduced as a potential marker of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) in term babies born to preeclamptic mothersMethods: A cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the significance of cord blood NRBC count in term neonates born with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. It included 60 healthy mothers (control group) and 60 mothers with PIH. Collected data was analysed with SPSS software.Results: The nucleated red blood cell in cord blood of newborns in preeclampsia group was significantly higher than in the control group (p value 0.013). IUGR is significantly higher in PIH group (p value 0.008).Conclusions: From the observed data it is concluded that IUGR is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The commonest maternal cause for IUGR was pregnancy induced hypertension. The other contributing factors were anemia, lack of awareness (unregistered, unbooked cases) among mothers, poor maternal nutrition and poor weight gain during pregnancy.  Infants of preeclamptic women have higher nucleated red blood cell count at birth than control which means that preeclampsia may produce an erythropoietic response in the fetus. The positive correlation between cord nucleated red blood cell counts in preeclamptic patients and control group indicates that may be the hypoperfused placenta plays a role in this correlation.
Serum albumin and total protein level as plausible marker for diagnosis of protein energy malnutrition in children under age 5 years
Authors: Gupta Saroj Sanjeev , Gupta Pranav Sanjeev
Published: July 2020

Background: The circulating concentration of transport protein, traditionally albumin, has been used to define protein deficiency. However, few studies have been conducted to see if there is any correlation between serum total protein and albumin levels in children with PEM. Hence the study was planned to estimate serum total protein, serum albumin levels in children with PEM and healthy controls.Methods: All the children were divided in two groups. Case Group A consist of 250 children with protein energy malnutrition and control Group B consist of healthy 250 children. Venous blood of amount 3 ml was collected with full aseptic precautions. The blood was collected in the EDTA vacutainer and test tube. Serum total protein was estimated by Biuret method, serum albumin was estimated by Bromocresol green dye method (BCG dye).Results: When the mean serum levels of albumin levels and the total protein levels were measured in the controls as well as case groups, there was decrease in levels in case group as compared to control group. This difference of decrease when evaluated statistically it was found to be statistically significant. When the albumin/globulin ratio was calculated in both the groups, it was found to be statistically lower in case group as compared to control group. PEM children have low serum total protein and albumin levels as compared to healthy controls (p<0.001), this is probably due to decreased intake of proteins and reduced biosynthesis. PEM children have lower hemoglobin levels as compared to healthy controls; this is probably due to deficiency of iron and other micronutrients, which is often found in a child with malnutrition.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and prompt management of PEM and its complications can prevent development of permanent physical and mental retardation.
Clinical profile of organophosphorous poisoning in children admitted to tertiary care hospital
Authors: Wani Jawad Nazir , Pandita Vivek , Yousuf Saleem , Giri Farhat
Published: July 2020

Background: Organosphophorous compounds are the commonly available insecticides in households. Therefore, children are vulnerable to accidental poisoning. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to study the clinical profile of organophosphorous poisoning in children.Methods: This was prospective study conducted over a period of two years from January 2018 to January 2020 in department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. All the patients in the age group of 1-18 years with history and examination suggestive of organophosphorous poisoning were included in this study.Results: In this study there were total of 54 patients. In majority of cases poisoning was accidental. Oral consumption was most common route of poisoning. The most common symptoms were excessive salivation (100%), vomiting (72%), abdominal pain (26%), diarrohea (13%), agitation (11%) and convulsions (3.7%). The most common signs were miosis (78%), bradycardia (59%), fasciculation (57%) and altered sensorium (13%). Respiratory failure and circulatory collapse were two main complications which contributed to mortality in this study.Conclusions: Organophosphorous poisoning is one of the most common poisoning in children. Early diagnosis and treatment is of pivotal importance to prevent mortality.
Tuberous sclerosis in a child
Authors: Sonawane Vijay Baburao , Kotrashetti V. , Bainade Kapil , Vatkar Amit , Bunde Saili
Published: July 2020

Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) is the most common single gene disorder in children. It has an incidence of 1 in 5800 live births. It is an autosomal dominant genetic multisystemic disease characterized by hamartic development of many organs most notably the brain, heart, kidney, lungs and skin. It results from mutation of TSC1 and TSC2 gene coding for hamartin and tuberin respectively. Most of the newborns are asymptomatic. In infancy, seizures are the most common symptoms with a high incidence of infantile spasm while children between 2- 10 years neurological symptoms are most frequent with epilepsy, mental retardation and autism. Authors report a 4-year-old male child born of grade 3 consanguineous marriage presented with seizures in form of Infantile Spasm and Skin Lesions.
H- type tracheoesophageal fistula in a child presenting as recurrent cough
Authors: Sharma Yash Pal , Sharma Shruti , Moudgil Sandeep
Published: July 2020

H-type of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare congenital malformation presenting during infancy with choking and recurrent pneumonia. We present a case of H-type TEF with intermittent nonspecific cough, diagnosed on oesophagogastroscopy and upper gastrointestinal contrast study. She was operated at the age of 30 months
Scrub typhus leading to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a child due to genetic predisposition
Authors: Das Shreyasi , Pandey Rajendra , Roy Sumit
Published: July 2020

Scrub typhus is a multisystem disease, caused by genera orientia tsutsugamushi and is currently endemic in India. In children, the disease may vary from a mild to a severe form. Complications include encephalitis, myocarditis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute kidney injury, atypical pneumonia, etc. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of renal involvement in scrub typhus include prerenal failure, septic shock, vasculitis, acute tubular injury and direct renal invasion by rickettsia. Here, authors present the case of a previously well 5-year old female child who was admitted to our hospital with a history of high-grade fever and pain abdomen. IgM scrub typhus turned out to be positive and she was adequately treated with doxycycline. She turned afebrile but then gradually developed anasarca, hematuria, proteinuria and persistent stage 2 hypertension. Kidney biopsy was done which revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Further workup of the patient by whole exome sequencing revealed missense mutations in TBX18, INF2 and NPHS1 genes. Mutations in INF2 gene is a recently discovered cause of autosomal dominant FSGS. In our case, the scrub typhus mediated kidney injury probably acted as a trigger in unmasking FSGS in the already genetically susceptible child.
Thyroidectomy by lateral approach our experience of 218 cases
Authors: Rahman Bhuiyan Mohammad Ashequr , Zakaria Sarker M. , Nazmul Haque M. , Mahmudul Amin Sakik M. , Khan Saif Rahman , Hasan Rifat , Rahman Hasan Hafizur
Published: July 2020

Background: Thyroidectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedure worldwide. During the last century, it became an accepted operation. The aim of the study to observe the outcome of thyroid surgery by lateral approach.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in department of ENT, National institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2015 to June 2019. A total number of 218 patients of thyroid surgeries were selected as a study sample by simple random sampling technique.  

Results: In our study, male to female ratio was 1:4.3 with an age ranges from 10-70 years. Mean age was 38.5±8.10 years. Among the participants, 80 were carcinoma thyroid and 138 were benign thyroid diseases. Out of 138 benign thyroid lesions, nodular goitres were 126 (91.30%), follicular adenoma was 8 (5.79%), and toxic MNG were 4 (2.89%). Among 80 cases of carcinoma thyroid, papillary carcinoma was 75 (93.75%), follicular carcinoma was 2 (2.57%) and medullary carcinoma were 3 (3.75%). 28 patients of carcinoma thyroid presented with neck node metastasis. We could identify 382 (98.96%) of recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN). Temporary paresis of RLN was 16 (4.16%), permanent RLN palsy was 03 (0.78%). Temporary parathyroid insufficiency was 47 (27.97%), permanent insufficiency was 2 (1.19%) up to one year follow up.

Conclusions: Lateral approach to thyroid is a safe alternative to the standard approach for re-explorative thyroid surgery. Lateral approach to thyroid is an alternative to both conventional thyroidectomy and for parathyroid explorations.
Comparative study of intralesional injection of triamcinolone versus placental extract in cases of oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Dhanani Ankur N. , Patel Alpesh V. , Laungani Vijay S. , Patel Margi H. , Sharma Pooja A.
Published: July 2020

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a common premalignant condition caused by chewing arecanut, betel quid and gutkha with tobacco. One of the important therapeutic modalities is intralesional injection therapy. The most commonly used intralesional agents are placental extract, corticosteroids and hyaluronidase.

Methods: Patients of OSMF (30) were randomly allocated and 15 patients were given 1 ml placental extract submucosally in each retromolar trigon weekly for 8 weeks and 15 patients were injected with 40 mg/ml of triamcinolone submucosally on each side weekly for 8 weeks. The mouth opening was measured as the inter-incisor distance by Vernier calliper at maximal active mouth opening by patient at initial visit and every follow up visit and recorded. Treatment outcome was evaluated on the basis of improvement in trismus, oral mucosal pattern and reduction in burning sensation.  

Results: Out of 30 patients, 27 were males and 3 females. 16 patients (53.33%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most of patients in our study had complain of reduced mouth opening and inability to take spicy food which is 93.33% of cases followed by burning sensation in mouth 90%, oral ulceration 83.33%, dryness of mouth 30%, difficulty/pain in swallowing 13.33% and halitosis 2%. 60% of patients mouth opening was improved >10 mm with triamcinolone while in placental extract 26.6%. Symptomatic relief were obtained more with injection placental extract.

Conclusions: Triamcinolone injection has more improvement in mouth opening compared to placental extract. It was observed that injection placental extract gives good symptomatic relief in the major symptoms like burning sensation in mouth, inability to take spicy food, oral ulceration compared to injection triamcinolone.
Comparative study showing relevance of prosthesis diameter and hearing outcome in stapes surgery
Authors: Thangavel Udayanila , Katakdhond Harish Narasing , Dalmia Deepak , Davange Narsinha , Patni Parth , Goyal Rizul
Published: July 2020

Background: Otosclerosis presents as conductive hearing loss, stapedotomy is the treatment for otosclerosis, and different sizes of piston diameter are available for the procedure. Aims and objectives were to study and compare hearing improvement between the 0.4 and 0.6 mm sizes of teflon piston in stapedotomy.

Methods: It was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were subjected for small fenestra stapedotomy. Patients were divided into two groups after randomization into group A (with 0.4 mm piston diameter) and group B (with 0.6 mm piston diameter). The hearing outcome with standard audiological assessment was performed at one month and six months postoperatively.  

Results: Comparison of 1 month AB gap among the patients with 0.4 mm piston and 0.6 mm piston showed that there was no statistically significant difference among both the groups of patients (independent t test p value=0.699). Comparison of 6 month AB gap among the patients with 0.4 mm piston and 0.6 mm piston showed that there was no statistically significant difference among both the groups of patients (independent t test p value=0.54).

Conclusions: There was no significant difference in hearing improvement among the individual methods (piston size 0.4 and 0.6) with each other both in 1 month post-operative and 6 month post-operative follow up. Hence, we conclude that there is no relevance of different diameter of teflon piston prosthesis (0.4 mm versus 0.6 mm) as far as hearing outcome is concerned.
Clinical profile of tracheo-bronchial foreign body inhalation at tertiary care center
Authors: Samor Vivek , Kumar Vijay , Chand Deep , Gupta Gaurav , . Mamta , Agrawal Manish
Published: July 2020

Background: Inhalation of foreign bodies can be life threatening and are common in paediatric age group with peak incidence in the age group of 1-3 years. The objectives were to study the clinical profile of foreign body (FB) inhalation and to study the complications of tracheo-bronchial foreign body and rigid bronchoscopy.

Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based diagnostic study conducted for 1 year, done on 50 patients with FB inhalation, included consecutively in study after obtaining informed consent. Patients were assessed and interviewed for socio demographic details and examined using chest X-ray PA view, routine investigations and pre-anaesthetic evaluation. After all investigations a diagnostic bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was performed to extract the foreign body. Data were analyzed through tables and diagrams and appropriate test of significance by Epi Info software.  

Results: Total 50 FB inhalation cases (up to 10 years) in which 40% presented within 5 days to 2 weeks after inhalation. 92% were presents with cough and on chest examination 88% found to had decreased air entry, 72% presents with decreased movement and dull percussion on affected side. 70% of patients had abnormal chest X-ray finding. Foreign body found were groundnut (44%) followed by supari (32%) mostly in right main bronchus. We observed 10% patients with pneumonia, 4% had granuloma and 2% had bronchospasm.

Conclusions: Prevention is best, but early recognition remains a critical factor in the treatment of FB inhalation in children. 
Psychosocial effect of COVID-19 lockdown suicidal cut throat injury: a case report
Authors: Shetty Sandeep , Chandrashekar Shilpa , Aggarwal Nitish , De Kumar Shankar
Published: July 2020

The novel coronavirus pandemic of 2020 presents vast challenges to the population particularly to vulnerable ones such as those with addictive disorders amid lockdown with no access to alcohol and difficult to reach overburdened healthcare. We present such a case of a 45 years old alcohol dependent in withdrawal with self-inflicted cut throat injury.
A rare case of a benign giant chondroid syringoma of nose
Authors: Hage Neemu , Bakshi Jaimanti , Rampal Mayank
Published: July 2020

Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a rare benign appendageal tumour of the skin, with histological similarities to pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands. It typically presents as a slow growing nodular mass generally less than 3 cm, arising from the skin, predominantly in the head and neck region. We report a case of a 61-year-old male with a massive nasal mass attained over a period of 2 years. A fine needle aspiration of the lesion was suggestive of CS. It was excised completely under general anaesthesia. The postoperative histopathology was also consistent with CS. The patient was followed up on a regular basis and was rendered disease free till his last follow up at 4 months. Our purpose of reporting this case is to highlight the rarity of the disease entity, as well as the occasion of it acquiring a large size yet, maintaining its benign nature.
A rare case of amyloidoma of parotid gland
Authors: Maingi Sahil , Sharma Nishi , Gupta Ankur , Sofia Ancy S.
Published: July 2020

Amyloidoma is a solitary, localized tumor like deposit of amyloid. Amyloidosis can be hereditary or acquired, and it may either be systemic or localized. Amyloidoma of the parotid is a very rare condition, and only a few cases have been described in the literature so far. We report a case of 62 years old male presented with right parotid swelling from last 7 months. Till date only 1 case have been reported so far in the literature. This case has been reported due to rarity of its presentation.
Is There no Place for Us? The Psychosocial Challenges and Rewards of Aging with HIV
Authors: Emlet Charles A , Brennan‐Ing Mark
Published: July 2020

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly half a million people aged fifty years and older have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the US. This population will continue to grow and some estimates suggest that approximately 70% of all persons with HIV (PWH) in the US will be 50 and over by 2030. This pattern is found globally, as access to antiretroviral therapy becomes widespread. This population includes newly infected older adults and long‐term survivors aging with HIV. This article reviews the challenges and opportunities for older PWH, focusing primarily on psychosocial issues. While the growth of this population testifies to the success of HIV treatments, older PWH encounter numerous difficulties in later life, including high rates of multi‐morbidity, behavioral health issues, HIV stigma, and social isolation. Many older PWH face difficulties finding care in fragmented systems poorly aligned for the dual challenges of aging and having HIV. We address these structural problems and misalignment with eight policy recommendations to improve access to care and support healthy aging. These recommendations fall into three main categories: 1) increased recognition of this population in planning and the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, 2) improved access to programs through the Ryan White and Older American's Act programs, and 3) better surveillance data on this population globally. Short of a cure, the dramatic increase in the population of older PWH will continue for the foreseeable future. It is the duty of advocates, gerontologists, health and social service providers, and policymakers to meet the needs of those growing older with HIV.
Developing Age‐friendly Cities: Policy Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Phillipson Chris , Buffel Tine
Published: July 2020

Since the mid‐2000s, the need to create age‐friendly cities and communities, meaning places where older people are actively involved, valued, and supported, has emerged as a major concern for urban policy. The World Health Organization (WHO) has driven this age‐friendly agenda through its Global Network for Age‐friendly Cities and Communities (GNAFCC). This paper reviews some of the challenges associated with the development of this policy, given the variety of economic and social pressures facing urban communities. The discussion provides background to the development of the age‐friendly model and a summary of some of the factors necessary for its successful implementation. The paper then reviews a range of key areas where age‐friendly policies might be developed, with a particular focus on issues relating to the various inequalities affecting older populations. The paper also emphasises the importance of future age‐friendly work being grounded in collaboration with the range of movements seeking to improve the quality of life of people living in cities. The paper concludes with a call for a more inclusive age‐friendly movement, one that acknowledges the full diversity of aging experiences.
Discussion on Design Control and Management of Construction Cost
Authors: Li Mengli
Published: July 2020

As a pillar industry in China, the construction industry is developing rapidly at this stage. In order to better promote the development of the construction industry, it is necessary to reasonably ensure the economic benefits of the project and do a good job in the cost management of the project. Based on this, this paper analyzes the construction cost control and management measures, aiming to take effective measures to control the construction cost and promote the better development of the construction project.
Research Progress and Future Trend of Space Materials Science
Authors: Yang Jiawei
Published: July 2020

Space materials science is an interdisciplinary field formed by the integration of materials science and space technology. It originated from the space exploration experiment in the mid-20th century and gradually grew into materials with the rapid development of manned spaceflight.

Science is a relatively complete branch discipline. China is about to usher in its own space station era, thus providing a broader prospect for this new discipline. In this paper, the main research progress in four aspects, including physical and chemical characteristics of space environment, liquid properties and phase transition dynamics of materials under space conditions, kinematics of preparation and forming process of space materials, and regulation and control of material organization and properties in space environment, has been systematically summarized, and the future development trend of this discipline has been analyzed and prospected.
Dolor cervical entre agricultores que producen tabaco en el sur de Brasil
Authors: Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal , Spada Fiori Nadia , Dalke Meucci Rodrigo , Müller Xavier Faria Neice , Peres de Carvalho Maitê
Published: July 2020

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia del dolor cervical y los factores asociados entre agricultores que producen tabaco. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que participaron 2.469 agricultores que producen tabaco en el sur de Brasil. Para la caracterización del dolor cervical se utilizó una adaptación del cuestionario nórdico para síntomas musculoesqueléticos. El análisis multivariante se realizó mediante la regresión de Poisson, siguiendo un modelo teórico jerárquico. La prevalencia del dolor cervical en el año previo entre la población estudiada fue del 7,4%. Las variables que se asociaron con el dolor cervical entre las mujeres trabajadoras fueron la edad, el consumo de tabaco, el enfardado del tabaco, el uso de motosierras pesadas, trabajar en un ritmo intenso o acelerado y la enfermedad del tabaco verde, mientras que, entre los varones, fueron la edad, el uso de motosierras pesadas, el trabajo sentado en el suelo, la intoxicación por plaguicidas y la enfermedad del tabaco verde. El estudio refuerza la importancia de las cargas de trabajo ergonómicas y fisiológicas en la determinación del dolor cervical. Se necesitan estudios futuros para comprender el papel de la exposición a los plaguicidas y a la nicotina en los problemas musculoesqueléticos. La mecanización de la cosecha del tabaco podría reducir la exposición ergonómica y química, mejorando así la salud de los agricultores.
Impact of coadministration of apigenin and bone marrow stromal cells on damaged ovaries due to chemotherapy in rat: An experimental study
Authors: Talebi Athar , Hayati Roodbari Nasim , Reza Sameni Hamid , Zarbakhsh Sam
Published: July 2020

Background: Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid with antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that may recover damaged ovaries. It seems that apigenin may promote the differentiation of MSCs.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs on the function, structure, and apoptosis of the damaged ovaries after creating a chemotherapy model with cyclophosphamide in rat.
Materials and Methods: For chemotherapy induction and ovary destruction, cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally to 40 female Wistar rats (weighing 180–200 gr, 10 wk old) for 14 days. Then, the rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/each): control, apigenin, BMSCs and coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs. Injection of apigenin was performed intraperitoneally and BMSC transplantation was performed locally in the ovaries. The level of anti-mullerian hormone serum by ELISA kit, the number of oocytes by superovulation, the number of ovarian follicles in different stages by H&E staining, and the expression of ovarian Bcl-2 and Bax proteins by western blot were assessed after four wk.
Results: The results of serum anti-mullerian hormone level, number of oocytes and follicles, and Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio showed that coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs significantly recovered the ovarian function, structure, and apoptosis compared to the control, BMSC, and apigenin groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the effect of coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs is maybe more effective than the effect of their administrations individually on the recovery of damaged ovaries following the chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide in rats.
Key words: Apigenin, Bone marrow stromal cells, Chemotherapy, Ovary, Regeneration.
Determinación de la actividad biocida de extractos vegetales para el combate de la mosca blanca Bemisia tabaci (Hemíptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Rodríguez-Montero Lucía , Berrocal-Jiménez Alexander , Campos-Rodríguez Rooel , Madriz-Martínez Mairon
Published: July 2020

La mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) es una especie plaga de importancia económica, ampliamente distribuida en el mundo y causante de pérdidas cuantiosas en la producción agrícola. Su combate suele basarse en aplicaciones repetitivas de insecticidas químicos, que producen contaminación ambiental y generan resistencia en las poblaciones de los insectos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad insecticida de nueve extractos vegetales en adultos de B. tabaci, bajo condiciones experimentales in vitro. Se realizaron bioensayos de toxicidad con los extractos etanólicos de cada planta a una concentración de 5000 mg/L, para determinar el de mejor desempeño. Las especies vegetales utilizadas fueron Enterolobium cyclocarpum (hojas y corteza), Lippia graveolens (hojas), Ruta graveolens (hojas), Adonidia merrillii (hojas y frutos), Annona muricata (semillas), Curcuma longa (raíz) y Zingiber officinale (raíz). El más tóxico fue el extracto de R. graveolens, el cual se fraccionó por cromatografía de columna con tres solventes de polaridad creciente: isopropanol: diclorometano (8:2), etanol 96% y agua. Finalmente se realizaron bioensayos con las tres particiones fitoquímicas para determinar su actividad y lograr una aproximación al tipo de compuestos responsables de la actividad tóxica. La fracción menos polar (isopropanol: diclorometano [8:2]) fue la que ocasionó la mayor mortalidad. La investigación buscó generar información para el desarrollo de métodos de combate alternativos contra la plaga en estudio, teniendo como presupuesto que los extractos vegetales son una opción promisoria para el desarrollo de bioinsecticidas más seguros para el medio ambiente y la salud humana.
Determinación de los principales factores que influyen en las lesiones músculo esqueléticas de los trabajores del Mercado Central de Cartago, Costa Rica
Authors: Villalobos-Rodríguez Ara , Brenes-Cerdas Miriam
Published: July 2020

Las lesiones músculo-esqueléticas tienen un costo considerable para el sistema de salud pública [1], es por ello que el objetivo del proyecto fue contribuir al mejoramiento del ambiente de trabajo en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME), por medio de la determinación de los factores que influyen en las lesiones músculo-esqueléticas en las operaciones de manejo manual de cargas. Para ello se hizo uso del método MAC y de equipos de medición como los dinamómetros y relojes polar. Factores como el peso de las cargas, el traslado de éstas a lo largo de distancias mayores a los 150 m, además de la forma y tamaño de las mismas, aumentan la frecuencia cardiaca en los trabajadores. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que las tareas de transporte, levantamiento y acomodo de los productos, son clasificadas como riesgo crítico, debido a que son realizadas de forma incorrecta por los trabajadores; siendo el principal riesgo el biomecánico, debido a peligros como las posturas inadecuadas y prolongadas, manejo de cargas por espacios reducidos y en locales con dimensiones insuficientes, aunados a las características personales como la escaza actividad física, y la forma en las que se realizan las tareas, en donde predomina el esfuerzo muscular dinámico. Esta información es la base para que, a nivel de locales del Mercado Central de Cartago se realice una evaluación de riesgos a detalle, que permita adoptar medidas necesarias en lo que concierne a la formación de métodos de trabajo y medios técnicos apropiados en el transporte y manejo de carga.
Metodología indirecta para la estimación de vida útil residual de transformadores de potencia a partir de la evaluación de los materiales dieléctricos
Authors: Acuña-Barrantes Luis Diego , Gómez Ramírez Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2020

Una adecuada y confiable operación de los transformadores de potencia en las redes eléctricas constituye un factor determinante en la continuidad de servicio, lo cual justifica su atención en la evolución de su integridad, definida sobre todo por su sistema dieléctrico compuesto principalmente por papel – aceite. La investigación se centró en el análisis de pruebas químicas aplicadas a un grupo de transformadores de potencia de 10 MVA con distintos periodos de operación y su correlación con el envejecimiento real estimado por el Grado de Polimerización (GP) y el 2-furaldehído (2-FAL), además de pruebas de esfuerzo mecánico al papel dieléctrico. Los esfuerzos medidos en el papel dieléctrico presentaron una reducción de 74.49 % respecto al valor mínimo establecido por la IEC (80 MPa) y un GP aproximado de 88.4. Las condiciones operativas de cada transformador junto con el porcentaje de humedad del papel dieléctrico, los gases totales y de Oxígeno medidos en ppm, permitieron estimar el 2-FAL de forma indirecta. Los resultados aproximados del Grado de Polimerización fueron suficientes para su evaluación como condición “levemente envejecida”. De modo que, la aproximación de la vida útil residual máxima resultó ser de 27 años. Dicha estimación es congruente con los bajos niveles de gases combustibles medidos (menores a 700 ppm) y de Oxígeno.
Decyzja w sprawie skutków podatkowych transakcji w projekcie nowelizacji ustawy Ordynacja podatkowa, interpretacja indywidualna w Ordynacji podatkowej a decyzja w sprawie interpretacji indywidualnej z ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców
Authors: Bielecki Leszek
Published: July 2020

Przedmiotowe opracowanie omawia trzy zagadnienia: decyzję w sprawie skutków po-datkowych transakcji w projekcie nowelizacji ustawy Ordynacja podatkowa, interpretację indywi-dualną w Ordynacji podatkowej i decyzję w sprawie interpretacji indywidualnej z ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców. Wspólną cechą omawianych instytucji prawnych jest niezależność — każda z nich funkcjonuje osobno i charakteryzuje się samodzielnością proceduralną. Inną wspólną cechą jest cel tychże rozwiązań prawnych. W konkluzji pojawia się potrzeba ponownej analizy przydatności i funkcjonalności obowiązu-jących unormowań prawnych i wysnucia wniosków de lege ferenda w kierunku zinstytucjonalizo-wania interpretacji indywidualnych w jednym ośrodku. W tym zakresie pojawiają się cztery istotne pytania: jaki miałby być zakres interpretacji, jakich dziedzin prawa miałby dotyczyć, jak miałby być zorganizowany oraz jaką gwarantowałby ochronę dla wnioskodawcy. Omawiane zagadnienie w określonej części z całą pewnością dotyczy relacji oraz stosunku państwa do przedsiębiorcy i sta-nowi wyzwanie dla praktyki i nauki.