bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The anomalous optical absorption spectrum of low zircon
Authors: Vance E. R.
Published: December 2006

Further lines of the anomalous optical absorption spectrum in low metamict zircon have been observed in the infra-red. Low-temperature polarization studies have enabled a clear distinction to be made between lines due to the anomalous spectrum and those due to the normal spectrum of U4+ in zircon. Magnetic circular dichroism measurements showed, for the anomalous spectrum, only contributions due to the mixing of the energy levels by the magnetic field; thus the A spectrum results from singlet → singlet transitions. The anomalous spectrum appears to derive from U4+ incorporated in polycrystalline zirconia.
Porphyroblastesis and displacement: some new textural criteria from pelitic hornfels
Authors: Saggerson E. P.
Published: December 2006

The formation of porphyroblasts by replacement and displacement of pre-existing S surfaces is examined in the light of textural evidence displayed by sediments hornfelsed by the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Helicitic biotite, staurolite, and cordierite all show replacement and displacement textures, the former being more common. The evidence indicates that porphyroblasts arc capable of creating local pressure differences that disturb the pre-existing banding, even in hornfelsed rocks that have suffered neither regional metamorphism nor orogenic movement.
Are vashegyite and kingite hydrous aluminum phyllophosphates with kaolinite-type structures ?
Authors: McConnell Duncan
Published: December 2006

In contrast with some other hydrous aluminum phosphates, vashegyite is crystalline. Simultaneous application of several assumptions leads to the hypothesis that it has a structure analogous to that of kaolinite, and thus contains tetrahedral sheets, n[X2O5], where X is both P and H3 (in lieu of Si). Thus, the theory involving [HXO4] is extended from phosphates with isolated tetrahedral groups [XO4] and framework linkages [XO2] to sheet linkages [X2O5]. Kingite also may have a kaolinite-like structure.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Affects Prognosis in Patients With Surgically Treated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Licitra Lisa , Perrone Federica , Bossi Paolo , Suardi Simona , Mariani Luigi , Artusi Raffaella , Oggionni Maria , Rossini Chiara , Cantù Giulio , Squadrelli Massimo , Quattrone Pasquale , Locati Laura D. , Bergamini Cristiana , Olmi Patrizia , Pierotti Marco A. , Pilotti Silvana
Published: December 2006

Purpose

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA tumors actively integrating the E6 and E7 oncogenes have a distinct biologic behavior resulting in a more favorable prognosis. To which extent the viral integration by itself, and/or the associated wild-type (wt) TP53 status, and/or a functional p16 contribute to prognosis is unclear.

Patients and Methods

To clarify how the presence of high-risk (HR) -HPV, TP53, and p16INK4astatus interact with clinical outcome, we considered a retrospective series of 90 consecutive oropharyngeal cancer patients treated primarily with surgery.

Results

Seventeen (19%) patients showed integrated HPV 16 DNA (HPV positive), wt TP53 in all but two patients, normal p16INK4ain 15 assessable patients, and p16 expression in all 17 patients. Thirty-five patients (39%), two of whom were HPV positive, harbored TP53 mutations. p16INK4adeletion and p16 null immunophenotype occurred in 28 and 58 patients, respectively, and was similarly distributed in both patients with mutated TP53 (48% and 82%, respectively) and in patients with wt TP53 (46% and 77%, respectively). Statistical analysis showed that HPV-positive status significantly affects all investigated end points: overall survival (P = .0018), incidence of tumor relapse (P = .0371), and second tumor (P = .0152), whereas TP53 and p16INK4astatus and p16 expression were not prognostic by themselves.

Conclusion

Our molecular and clinical results are in agreement with previous findings but provide additional information into the biologic mechanisms involved in HR-HPV oropharyngeal cancer in comparison to HPV-negative tumors. According to the reduced risk of relapse and second tumors associated with HR-HPV positivity of oropharyngeal cancer, the therapeutic strategy and follow-up procedures should be reviewed.
The pH Rule for Fabricating Composite CoCu Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Liu Xiaoxu , Zhao Jianling , Li Yangxian , Xu Shifeng , Zhu Zhiyong , Chen Jinglan , Wu Guangheng
Published: December 2006

A series of Co1−xCux (x = 0.05–0.70) composite nanowire arrays have been electrodeposited in alumina templates. An apparent pH value rule for nanowire phase and composition has been found. Based on it, composite nanowires can be obtained and the composition becomes more controllable. In the composite nanowires, the cubic and hexagonal structures coexisted. The specific magnetic properties, coercivity and squareness of the composite arrays are enhanced by three times, apparently preceding to those in single phase nanowires.
Ultrarunners and Chance Encounters with "Absolute Unitary Being"
Authors: Jones Peter N.
Published: December 2006

Among the newly enchristianed "extreme sports" category, ultrarunners and the sport of ultrarunning is on the fringe edge. What makes ultrarunners and their "sport" interesting is that ultrarunners regularly report experiences that can be equated to various types of mystical experiences during their "sporting" events. This paper briefly discusses ultrarunners, a hypothetical mystical (mythical) state of consciousness called Absolute Unitary Being, and the psychoneurophysiological aspects of ultrarunning. Through this process, a link is established that connects ultrarunners and their "sport" with many traditional indigenous practices. It is suggested that many of the traditional indigenous practices may have produced experiences similar to those of ultrarunners, and thus we can look to ultrarunners to begin to understand some of the physiological, psychological, neurological, as well as humanistic, phenomenological, and transpersonal experiences and reasons behind many now lost traditional indigenous practices.
Carcinogenicity and Chronic Toxicity in Rats and Mice Exposed by Inhalation to 1,2‐Dichloroethane for Two Years
Authors: Nagano Kasuke , Umeda Yumi , Senoh Hideki , Gotoh Kaoru , Arito Heihachiro , Yamamoto Seigo , Matsushima Taijiro
Published: December 2006

Carcinogenicity and Chronic Toxicity in Rats and Mice Exposed by Inhalation to 1,2‐Dichloroethane for Two Years: Kasuke Nagano, et al. Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association—Carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) were examined by inhalation exposure of groups of 50 F344 rats and 50 BDF1 mice of both sexes to DCE vapor or clean air as control for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk and 104 wk. The rats were exposed to 10, 40 or 160 ppm (v/v) DCE, while the mice were exposed to 10, 30 or 90 ppm. The 2‐yr exposure to DCE produced a dose‐dependent increase in incidences of benign and malignant tumors, including subcutaneous fibroma, mammary gland fibroadenoma and peritoneal mesothelioma in male rats; subcutaneous fibroma and mammary gland adenoma, fibroadenoma and adenocarcinoma in female rats; and bronchiolo‐alveolar adenoma and carcinoma, endometrial stromal polyp, mammary gland adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma in female mice. No exposure‐related change in the incidence of non‐neoplastic lesions or in any hematological, blood biochemical or urinary parameter occurred in any DCE‐exposed rat or mouse group. The types of tumors and their target organs found in this study were consistent with those observed in rats and mice administered DCE by gavage in a NCI study. Selection of the exposure concentrations was considered appropriate with reference to the maximum tolerated dose for the highest doses and an occupational exposure limit of DCE for the lowest dose. The present findings suggest that those carcinogenic responses be primarily considered for standard setting of occupational and environmental exposure to DCE.
Association between Intention to Stay on the Job and Job Satisfaction among Japanese Nurses in Small and Medium‐sized Private Hospitals
Authors: Kudo Yasushi , Satoh Toshihiko , Hosoi Kaori , Miki Takeo , Watanabe Mitsuyasu , Kido Shigeri , Aizawa Yoshiharu
Published: December 2006

Association between Intention to Stay on the Job and Job Satisfaction among Japanese Nurses in Small and Medium‐sized Private Hospitals: Yasushi Kudo, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine—In order to examine the relationship between the intention to stay on the job and job satisfaction among Japanese nurses, and to obtain clues for preventing turnover, we conducted a questionnaire survey. The subjects involved in the survey included 625 female nurses (registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and assistant nurses) working in 4 small and medium‐sized private hospitals, excluding directors of nursing. Of the 625 questionnaires distributed, 556 (89.0%) were returned. After excluding the questionnaires with missing values, 480 questionnaires were analyzed (effective response rate, 76.8%). The average age of the respondents was 32.8 yr (range: 20–65). The content of the questionnaire was nurse attributes, job satisfaction (30 items) and intention to stay on the job. For job satisfaction, factor analysis (principal factor method and promax rotation) was performed, and factors with an eigenvalue of ≥1 were extracted. Six factors were extracted by factor analysis. These factors were interpreted as “Work as specialists” (1st factor), “Relationship with superiors” (2nd factor), “Comfortable life” (3rd factor), “Relationship among nurses” (4th factor), “Communication with physicians” (5th factor) and “Working conditions” (6th factor). The factor scores were calculated and used as a scale for the evaluation of job satisfaction. To investigate the factors associated with intention to stay on the job among nurses, the standard partial regression coefficient was computed by multiple linear regression analysis, with intention to stay on the job as the dependent variable, and nurse attributes and job satisfaction (factor scores) as independent variables. Various factors including the organizational culture of each hospital may affect the relationship between job satisfaction and the intention to stay on the job. In order to adjust for these factors, differences among hospitals were included in the statistical model as independent variables. The result of the multiple regression analysis suggests that the intention to stay on the job was higher among nurses who were older and more satisfied with work as specialists (1st factor) and working conditions (6th factor).
Hazard rates and subexponential distributions
Authors: Baltrunas A. , Omey E. , Gulck Van
Published: December 2006

A distribution function F on the nonnegative halfline is called subexponential if limx??(1?F*n(x))/(1?F(x)) = n for all n>_ 2. We obtain new sufficient conditions for subexponential distributions and related classes of distribution functions. Our results are formulated in terms of the hazard rate. We also analyze the rate of convergence in the definition and discuss the asymptotic behaviour of the remainder term Rn(x) = 1?F*n(x)?n(1?F(x)). We use the results in studying subordinated distributions and we conclude the paper with some multivariate extensions of our results.
Determination of Silver Ion with Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots Modified by Bismuthiol II as Fluorescence Probe
Authors: Lai Shoujun , Chang Xijun , Mao Jie , Zhai Yunhui , Lian Ning , Zheng Hong
Published: December 2006

CdS quantum dots (QDs) modified with bismuthiol II potassium salt is prepared in one step. Based on the characteristic fluorescence enhancement of CdS QDs at 480 nm by silver ions, simultaneously, a red shift of fluorescence emission bands of CdS QDs from 460 to 480 nm is observed. A simple, rapid, sensitive and specific detection method for silver ion is proposed. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of CdS QDs was linearly proportional to silver ion concentration from 0.01 to 5.0 μmol L‐1 with a detection limit of 1.6 nmol L‐1. In comparison with single organic fluorophores, functionalized CdS quantum dots are brighter, more stable against photobleaching and do not suffer from blinking. Furthermore, the proposed method shows higher sensitivity and selectivity. A possible fluorescence enhancement mechanism is also studied.
New Fluorimetric Determination of Hemoglobin Used as a Substitute of Mimietic Peroxidase
Authors: Qin Shihui
Published: December 2006

Hemoglobin (Hb) could be used as a substitute of peroxidase in the catalytic oxidation of tetra‐substituted amino aluminum phthalocyanine (TAAlPc) by H2O2. We found that the fluorescence of TAAlPc (a red‐region fluorescent dye with a maximum excitation wavelength at 606 nm and a maximum emission wavelength at 673 nm) could significantly be quenched by H2O2 in the presence of Hb. The value of FO/F (where the relative fluorescence intensity of blank solution and that of the sample solution containing Hb were given by FO and F, respectively) is linearly related to the concentration of Hb. Based on this, a novel fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of Hb in aqueous solution. Under optimal conditions, Hb could be determined in the concentration range of 5 × 10‐11‐1.2 × 10‐8 mol L‐1 with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10‐11 mol L‐1. The relativestandard deviation of ten replicate measurements was 1.95 % for solution containing 1 × 10‐9 mol L‐1 Hb. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of Hb in human blood and the results were in good agreement with those reported by a hospital laboratory. So this is a new, high sensitive and precise fluorescence quenching method to determine Hb.
Precipitation mechanism of stable and metastable polymorphs of L‐glutamic acid
Authors: Roelands C. P. Mark , ter Horst Joop H. , Kramer Herman J. M. , Jansens Pieter J.
Published: December 2006

Precipitation of the polymorphic compound L‐glutamic acid was initiated by premixing aqueous solutions of sodium L‐glutamate and sulfuric acid. Samples of the supersaturated solution were either subjected to vigorous post‐stirring or left under quiescent conditions. For low supersaturation (S ≤ 13) without post‐stirring aggregated platelet‐shaped crystals of the stable beta polymorph formed while post‐stirring generated large prismatic crystals of the metastable alpha polymorph. For high supersaturation (S ≥ 17) first smooth spheres were observed which transformed into rough spherulitic crystals of the beta phase. For high supersaturation it is proposed that the spheres are a metastable phase consisting of droplets formed by liquid‐liquid phase separation. Subsequently from these spheres crystals of the stable beta phase nucleate. For low supersaturation without post‐stirring aggregated beta platelets form according to the same mechanism, while with post‐stirring concentration fluctuations are equalized and metastable alpha crystals nucleate from the homogenized solution. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007.
The application of ecological momentary assessment to the study of night eating
Authors: Boseck Justin J. , Engel Scott G. , Allison Kelly C. , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , de Zwaan Martina
Published: December 2006

Objective:

Night eating syndrome (NES) was first described in 1955 by Albert Stunkard and colleagues. NES consists of either overeating at night or waking up during the night and eating.

Method:

In the current study we used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to describe 14 self‐defined night‐eaters. The participants in the current study completed an EMA protocol of approximately two weeks.

Results:

We found that ratings of hunger appeared to be higher during night awakenings than in the evening. Also, both affect and arousal generally decreased throughout the day and were lowest during awakening episodes.

Conclusion:

The current study adds interesting data in describing the experience of night‐eating behavior with ecological momentary assessments from self‐described night‐eaters.© 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Phase Sensitive Alternating Current Polarography: A Chemometric Approach for the Selection of Phase Angles
Authors: Garrigosa Anna Maria , Alberich Arístides , Ariño Cristina , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Esteban Miquel
Published: December 2006

A method based on the combined use of multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) with phase sensitive alternating current polarography (ACP) is proposed to evaluate the phase angle where capacitive current is minimized in a much more accurate way than the visual inspection of ACP signals. The method allows, through the analysis of series of AC polarograms measured at different phase angles out the potential, to distinguish between faradaic and capacitive contributions. Then the angle at which the capacitive current is negligible can be shown and, in some cases, the influence of adsorption on measured currents minimized.
Nitrate content and potential microbial signature of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range
Authors: Williams M. W. , Knauf M. , Cory R. , Caine N. , Liu F.
Published: December 2006

Here we characterize the nutrient content in the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier, located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was present in all samples with a mean concentration of 0·85 mg L−1 . A one‐way analysis of variance test shows no statistical difference in DOC amounts among surface waters (p = 0·42). Average nitrate concentrations were 69 µmoles L−1 in the outflow of the rock glacier, compared to 7 µmoles L−1 in snow and 25 µmoles L−1 in rain. Nitrate concentrations from the rock glacier generally increased with time, with maximum concentrations of 135 µmoles L−1 in October, among the highest nitrate concentrations reported for high‐elevation surface waters. These high nitrate concentrations appear to be characteristic of rock glacier outflow in the Rocky Mountains, as a paired‐difference t‐test shows that nitrate concentrations from the outflow of 7 additional rock glaciers were significantly greater compared to their reference streams (p = 0·003). End‐member mixing analysis suggest that snow was the dominant source of nitrate in June, ‘soil’ solution was the dominant nitrate source in July, and base flow was the dominant source in September. Fluoresence index values and PARAFAC analyses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are also consistent with a switch from terrestrial DOM in the summer time period to an increasing aquatic‐like microbial source during the autumn months. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative effects of dimethylsulfoxide on metabolism and toxicity of carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane
Authors: Kim Sun J. , Jung Young S. , Yoon Mi Y. , Kim Young C.
Published: December 2006

The effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the metabolism and toxicity of chlorinated methanes were examined. Male mice were treated with DMSO (1, 2.5 or 5 ml kg−1, i.p.) prior to challenge with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Blood carboxyhemoglobin elevation resulting from metabolic conversion of CH2Cl2 to carbon monoxide was inhibited dose‐dependently by DMSO pretreatment. The elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities induced by CCl4 (0.1 mmol kg−1) was not changed in mice pretreated with DMSO at 1 ml kg−1, but depressed significantly at a greater dose of DMSO. However, DMSO failed to alter the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 injected at a dose of 0.2 mmol kg−1. DMSO induced the microsomal p‐nitrophenol hydroxylase and p‐nitroanisole O‐demethylase activities as early as 2 h following the treatment. Microsomal disposition of CH2Cl2 and CCl4 was measured using a vial equilibration technique. The disappearance of CH2Cl2 was inhibited competitively by addition of DMSO. But DMSO did not affect the metabolic degradation of CCl4. The results indicate that DMSO has multiple effects on metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics. DMSO induces the hepatic metabolizing activity mediated by CYP2E1, but the presence of this solvent in the enzyme site may inhibit directly the enzymatic interaction with a substrate. The toxicological significance of DMSO‐induced effects on such an interaction may be variable depending on the properties of each substrate. The invulnerability of CCl4 metabolism to the effects of DMSO appears to be related to its high affinity for the lipophilic CYP enzyme site. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of diesel exhaust particles on cytokine production by splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Inoue Ken‐ichiro , Takano Hirohisa , Yanagisawa Rie , Sakurai Miho , Ueki Naoko , Yoshikawa Toshikazu
Published: December 2006

It was previously shown that pulmonary exposure of mice to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhances inflammatory conditions induced by allergens or bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) via enhanced local expression of cytokines. However, resolution of the underlying mechanisms, in which DEP exaggerate inflammation, remains uncompleted. Investigation of the actions of DEP on mouse‐derived mononuclear cells may provide a clue to the mechanisms, because mononuclear cells produce and release several types of cytokines. The present study elucidated the effects of DEP on mononuclear cell reactions stimulated with LPS in vitro. ICR mouse‐derived mononuclear cells, isolated from splenocytes, one of the secondary lymphoid tissues, were co‐cultured with LPS (1 μg ml−1) and DEP (1, 10 or 100 μg ml−1). The protein levels of interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐10, and IL‐13 in the culture supernatants were measured 72 h after the co‐culture. LPS significantly increased the protein levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐10. In the presence of LPS, DEP decreased the protein levels in a concentration‐dependent manner with an overall trend, whereas DEP (1, 10 μg ml−1) moderately elevated the IL‐13 level. These results suggest that DEP suppress cytokine production from mononuclear cells stimulated with LPS and provide a possible hint for DEP facilitation on inflammatory conditions, especially related to Th2 response, in vivo. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of laser processing of single‐crystal natural diamonds using micro‐Raman spectroscopic investigations
Authors: Sudheer S. K. , Pillai V. P. Mahadevan , Nayar V. U.
Published: December 2006

The application of lasers for processing diamond has revolutionized the diamond industry and its applications in microelectronics, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) technologies. The process quality can be evaluated using spectroscopic techniques. In the present investigation, four different types of Q‐switched solid‐state lasers (with different beam parameters), namely, a lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, a lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at second harmonically generated 532 nm, a diode‐pumped Nd:YVO4 laser operating at 1064 nm and a diode‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, have been employed for the processing of a single‐crystal, gem‐quality, natural diamond. The main objective behind the selection of these lasers with different beam parameters was to study the effect of wavelength, pulse width, pulse energy, peak power and beam quality factor (M2 factor) on various aspects of processing (such as microcracking, material loss and cut surface quality) and their relative merits and demerits. The overall weight loss of the diamond and formation of microcracks during processing have been studied for the above four cases. The characteristics of the graphite formed during processing, elemental analysis, surface morphology of the cut surface and process dynamics have been studied using micro‐Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We observed that laser cutting of single‐crystal diamonds used for industrial applications can be accomplished without microcracking or surface distortion using Q‐switched Nd:YAG lasers. This allows direct processing without extensive postgrinding and polishing stages. Very efficient diamond processing is possible using diode‐pumped lasers, which results in the lowest possible breakage rate, good accuracy, good surface finish and low weight loss. From the micro‐Raman and SEM studies, it is concluded that the surface quality obtained is superior when diode‐pumped Nd:YVO4 laser is used, owing to its extremely high peak power. The maximum graphite content is observed while processing with lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. An overall comparison of all the laser sources leads to the conclusion that diode‐pumped Nd:YAG laser is a superior option for the efficient processing of natural diamond crystals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multisection vialess microstrip‐line balun with backside aperture and floating patches
Authors: Sun S. , Zhu L. , Wei L. , Peng H. , Ang K. S.
Published: December 2006

A novel multisection vialess balun without any via‐hole is presented based on the microstrip structure. It consists of three cascaded quarter‐wave (λ/4) edge‐coupled line sections. In the middle section, a backside aperture is constituted to increase even‐mode impedance of a coupled line while two unequal patches are formed inside the aperture to reduce its relevant odd‐mode impedance. This balun is then designed and measured to show its good balance performance in amplitude and phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 253–254, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22104
Bandpass filter using composite right/left‐handed transmission lines
Authors: Li JiuSheng
Published: December 2006

A novel bandpass filter based on composite right/left‐handed transmission line is proposed, fabricated, and measured. This designed bandpass filter provides low passband insertion loss, very sharp transitions at the edges of the passband, easy fabrication, and low cost. The performances of the proposed filter are demonstrated by measured results, which are in good agreement with the simulated ones. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 274–276, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22109
Design of lowpass filter using a novel split‐ring resonator defected ground structure
Authors: Wu Bian , Li Bin , Liang Changhong
Published: December 2006

A novel square split‐ring resonator (SRR) defected ground structure (DGS) cell model is presented and analyzed in detail. Then an improved SRR DGS cell model loaded with open stubs is proposed in order to enhance the out‐band suppression. Based on this structure, an S‐band microstrip lowpass filter with low in‐band loss and high out‐band suppression is designed and fabricated effectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 288–291, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22111
Analysis on a novel ultra‐wide bandwidth antenna of double‐printed circular disc
Authors: Lu Yi‐Min , Yang Xue‐Xia , Zheng Guo‐Xin
Published: December 2006

A novel ultra‐wide bandwidth antenna of double‐printed circular disc is presented in this article. Some reasonable theoretical analyses are proposed. Printed on the dielectric substrate and fed by a microstrip line, the antenna has been demonstrated to provide an UWB with return loss less than −10 dB from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and the satisfactory radiation properties. In addition, an even better impedance matching can be got by improved the feed point, which is quite valuable for broadband antennas design. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 311–313, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22115
CG‐FFT algorithm for EM scattering by small dielectric particles with high permittivity and permeability
Authors: Zhao Lei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: December 2006

We have proposed a fast algorithm to study the electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems involving three‐dimensional dielectric targets with inhomogeneous permittivity and permeability. Based on the volume equivalence principle, coupled volume integral equations are derived for the equivalent electric and magnetic current densities. Such integral equations are then solved using the conjugate gradient method combined with the fast Fourier transform (FFT), where the memory requirement is of the order N ‐ the number of unknowns and the computational complexity is of the order N log N. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparing numerical results with analytical results from the Mie series for dielectric spheres. We have applied the algorithm to investigate the EM scattering by small dielectric particles with high permittivity and permeability, which may be important to realize the artificial left‐handed materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 305–310, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22116
Simultaneous observation of inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion of picosecond pulses in LiNbO3 waveguides
Authors: Wang Jian , Sun Junqiang
Published: December 2006

We propose and demonstrate simultaneously inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion of picosecond pulses in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides. By only use of sum‐frequency generation, inverted wavelength conversion from the signal wavelength to pump wavelength both within the 1.5‐μm band is experimentally verified. By exploiting cascaded sum‐ and difference‐frequency generation (SFG + DFG), both inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion are observed in the experiments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 295–298, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22119
Dual‐frequency shorted patch antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Tu Shu‐Yang
Published: December 2006

A dual‐frequency shorted patch antenna for WLAN applications is proposed. The dual‐frequency operation is achieved by inserting an additional shorting pin to a slotted planar inverted‐F antenna. The lower and upper operating frequencies of the proposed dual‐frequency antenna are related to PIFA and top‐loaded monopolar modes, respectively, in which both exhibits near omni‐directional radiation patterns. Both the case of embedding U and Y‐shaped slots into the shorted patch are studied and compared. Simulated results are also provided to validate the measured results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 389–391, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22124
Integrated internal patch antenna for UMTS mobile phone application
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Chen Austin , Wong Kin‐Lu , Lin Yuan‐Chih
Published: December 2006

A novel design of the internal patch antenna mounted above and integrated with the shielding metal case for mobile phone application is presented. The antenna mainly comprises a simple rectangular patch as the antenna's top radiating patch and a shielding metal case as part of the antenna's ground plane. The antenna is integrated to the shielding metal case through short‐circuiting and occupies almost no board space on the system circuit board. In addition, possible electronic components or conducting elements in the mobile phone can be assembled in close proximity to the integration design at no expense of the antenna performance. Detailed results of the design example for universal mobile telecommunication system (1920–2170 MHz) operation in a mobile phone are presented and discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 349–351, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22128
Inverse scattering by dielectric circular cylinder using support vector machine approach
Authors: Zhang Qing‐He , Xiao Bo‐Xun , Zhu Guo‐Qiang
Published: December 2006

In this paper, a new method for the solution of inverse scattering by dielectric circular cylinder is proposed. The original problem is recast into a regression estimate one by means of a regression technique based on the use of support vector machine. The proposed method, after a proper training procedure, is able to reconstruct the unknown dielectric objects and their dielectric permittivities inside a given investigation domain. Numerical results show the accuracy and efficiency of the approach. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 372–375, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22131
Apodization technique for the periodically coupled resonators in photonic crystals
Authors: Li H. H. , Xu K. , Wu J. , Lin J. T.
Published: December 2006

Sidelobes exist in the reflection spectrum of optical system composed of resonators periodically placed both sides of line photonic crystal waveguide. Sidelobes can be suppressed by apodization technique from traditional grating and distributed feedback structures. The optical systems exhibit box‐like reflection spectrum without sidelobes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 397–399, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22138
A UWB multi‐frequency transformer and its application in transition design
Authors: Fan Y. J. , Ooi B. L. , Leong M. S.
Published: December 2006

A novel multi‐frequency transformer is developed based on the dual frequency transformer technique. The transmission line analysis shows that for a return loss of −10 dB, the three‐pole transformer can achieve 160% bandwidth when compared with 60% of the dual frequency transformer. For verification, a novel UWB LTCC multilayer transition from CPW to microstrip is developed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 329–332, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22142
5.2 GHz high isolation SiGe BiCMOS CMFB Gilbert mixer
Authors: Meng Chinchun , Wu Tzung‐Han , Wu Tse‐Hung , Huang Guo‐Wei
Published: December 2006

Active PMOS loads with common mode feedback to stabilize the bias points are employed in the Gilbert mixer loads to increase the mixer gain. Good device matching and the deep trench isolation technique in the SiGe HBT technology can improve the port‐to‐port isolations. A 16 dB conversion gain, IP1dB = −21 dBm and IIP3 = −11 dBm using 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS Gilbert downconversion micromixer is demonstrated when RF = 5.2 GHz and LO = 5.17 GHz with −66 dB LO‐IF, −52 dB LO‐RF, and −24 dB RF‐IF isolations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 450–451, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22152
Quasi‐elliptic DSPSL lowpass filter with shunt stepped‐impedance stubs
Authors: Chen Jian‐Xin , Chin Ching‐Hong K. , Xue Quan
Published: December 2006

A quasi‐elliptic lowpass filter using offset double‐sided parallel‐strip lines (DSPSL) is proposed in this article. The shunt stepped‐impedance stubs of DSPSL are added to realize quasi‐elliptic characteristics and to generate transmission zero near to the passband edge, hence improving the selectivity of the proposed lowpass filter. The simulated and measured results are presented with good agreements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 476–477, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22156
High linearity and high power added efficiency power amplifier by employing adaptive bias and PBG structure
Authors: Cho Sunghee , Seo Chulhun
Published: December 2006

In this article, adaptive bias circuit and PBG structure have been employed to achieve high power added efficiency (PAE) and high third‐order intermodulation (IM3) suppression in power amplifier simultaneously. The dc bias voltage of the gate in FET has been controlled by envelope of the input signal. The PBG structure has been employed to suppress IM3 on the output port of the power amplifier. The PBG structure was optimized to suppress the second harmonics of the amplifier. IM3 and PAE of the proposed power amplifier using adaptive bias circuit and PBG structure has been improved by 2.73 dBc, and by 35.54%, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 443–446, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22158
An efficient state‐space ADI‐PML algorithm for truncating DNG metamaterial FDTD domains
Authors: Ramadan Omar
Published: December 2006

Efficient and unconditionally stable formulations of the anisotropic perfectly matched layer are presented for truncating double negative (DNG) metamaterial finite difference time domain (FDTD) grids. In the proposed formulations, the state‐space equations are employed in the alternating direction implicit FDTD algorithm to obtain update equations for the field equations in the DNG metamaterial domains. Numerical example carried out in one‐dimensional Lorentzian type DNG metamaterial domain is included to show the validity of the proposed formulations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 494–498, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22162
Negative‐resistance, reflection‐type bipolar frequency doubler
Authors: Lau Yeung‐Fan , Xue Quan , Chan Chi‐Hou , Xia Ming‐Yao
Published: December 2006

A new method is presented for frequency doubler design by operating bipolar transistor as negative‐resistance two‐terminal device. In the proposed design, frequency doubler's input and output ports (I/O) are both located in the base‐emitter side of bipolar transistor in a reflection manner. Whereas the conventional transmission‐type frequency doublers have their I/O connected to the base‐emitter and collector‐emitter ports, respectively. Resembling reflection‐type amplifier configuration, the new doubler features high reflection conversion gain (more than 3 dB) and low phase noise degradation (only 2.2 dB). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 434–435, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22173
Loss of imprinting and cancer
Authors: Jelinic P , Shaw P
Published: December 2006

Imprinting is defined as the parental allele‐specific expression of a very limited set of genes (about 50–80). This regulation depends upon an epigenetic marking of parental alleles during gametogenesis. Monoallelic expression ensures that the levels of the proteins encoded by imprinted genes, important factors of embryonic growth, placental growth or adult metabolism, are assured. Without precise control of their expression, developmental abnormalities result, as is shown by a number of hereditary over‐growth syndromes, including Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. The regulation of imprinted genes is largely dependent on methylation marks, which are laid down during embryological development of germ cells. Once in place, the methylation status of precise chromosomal regions, Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs), is read by either of two mechanisms, chromatin barrier formation or untranslated RNAs, thereby ensuring that only the maternal or paternal allele is expressed. Each imprinted gene is classified as maternal or paternal according to the expressed allele. The stability of the marked regions in somatic cells is maintained through each cellular replication by a methylation enzyme complex containing Dnmt1. Although the major reading mechanisms of imprinted status are known, chromatin boundary formation by CTCF and untranslated RNAs, the molecules elaborating the initial ICR methylation, are just being uncovered. Mis‐regulation of imprinted gene expression (loss of imprinting [LOI]) is seen frequently and precociously in a large variety of human tumours, making LOI a potentially valuable tool for both diagnosis and treatment. In fact, LOI is presently considered the most abundant and most precocious alteration in cancer. The present review proposes a mechanism responsible for LOI, as well as its eventual value in tumour diagnosis and prognosis. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT‐based QSAR study and molecular design of AHMA derivatives as potent anticancer agents
Authors: Chen Jincan , Shen Yong , Liao Siyan , Chen Lanmei , Zheng Kangcheng
Published: December 2006

A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of 3‐(9‐acridinylamino)‐5‐hydroxymethylaniline (AHMA) derivatives and their alkylcarbamates as potent anticancer agents has been studied using density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics (MM+), and statistical methods. In the best established QSAR equation, the energy (ENL) of the next lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (NLUMO) and the net charges (QFR) of the first atom of the substituent R, as well as the steric parameter (MR2) of subsituent R2 are the main independent factors contributing to the anticancer activity of the compounds. A new scheme determining outliers by “leave‐one‐out” (LOO) cross‐validation coefficient (q) was suggested and successfully used. The fitting correlation coefficient (R2) and the “LOO” cross‐validation coefficient (q2) values for the training set of 25 compounds are 0.881 and 0.829, respectively. The predicted activities of 5 compounds in the test set using this QSAR model are in good agreement with their experimental values, indicating that this model has excellent predictive ability. Based on the established QSAR equation, 10 new compounds with rather high anticancer activity much greater than that of 34 compounds have been designed and await experimental verification. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Novel method for analyzing proteome
Authors: Liao Bo , Luo Jiawei , Li Renfa , Zhu Wen
Published: December 2006

We propose a 6D representation of protein sequences consisting of 20 amino acids. Based on this 6D representation, we propose a proteome distance measure for constructing phylogenic tree. And we make use of the corresponding similarity matrix to construct phylogenic tree. The examination of phylogenic tree belong to 30 mitochondrial sequence illustrates the utility of our approach. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Kalman–Yakubovich lemma in general finite dimensional case
Authors: Barabanov N. E.
Published: December 2006

The most general finite dimensional case of the classical Kalman–Yakubovich (KY) lemma is considered. There are no assumptions on the parameters or functions of parameters of corresponding matrix equations. It is pointed out how to find out all the solutions of these equations. For the discrete time case an analogue of the KY lemma, which is used to be called Kalman–Szego lemma, is generalized to the case when there are no any assumptions on the parameters of matrix equations. Besides, the necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability the Lyapunov equations in general case are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Latissimus Dorsi Miniflap for Reconstruction Following Breast‐conserving Surgery: Experience of a Small Breast Unit in a District Hospital
Authors: Navin C. , Agrawal A. , Kolar K. M.
Published: December 2006

Background

Immediate reconstruction with autogenous tissue is one of the options for reconstruction following breast‐conservation surgery for breast cancers in major centres with ready availability of appropriate skills. Immediate correction of volume deficit by latissimus dorsi miniflap (LDMF) in addition has cosmetic appeal by filling the defect without extra skin incision.

Methods

Data was collected retrospectively from clinical records of 51 patients who underwent LDMF procedures in a district general hospital between June 2000 and December 2004, and the results were analysed. Postal questionnaire survey was done to assess the level of subjective satisfaction of the cosmetic outcome.

Results

Wide local excision and axillary‐node sampling/clearance along with immediate reconstruction with a LDMF (involving a musculo‐subcutaneous flap without skin) were performed in all patients. Patients’ median age was 50 years. Sixty‐five percent of the tumours were in the upper–outer quadrant, median weight of the specimen was 217.5 g (31–510 g), median clearance margin was 5 mm (0–15 mm) and median pathological size of the tumour was 20 mm (8–60 mm). Four patients required mastectomy later, whereas 1 patient had flap necrosis. At a median follow‐up of 33 months, there has been no recurrence. Eighty‐six percent of the patients who responded to the postal survey were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome.

Conclusion

Immediate LDMF reconstruction is an acceptable way of correcting deformity after breast‐conservation surgery. We demonstrate by our experience that it is a viable option for breast cancer in small district hospitals/ breast units.
Selecting the optimal linear alcohol ethoxylate for enhanced oily soil removal
Authors: Goel Satish K.
Published: December 2006

Use of nonionic surfactants in detergent products has become increasingly popular because of their tolerance to hardness ions and their effect on lowering the critical micelle concentration of anionics. Their performance as detergents, however, is very sensitive to changes in temperature and electrolyte concentration, which need to be carefully controlled in order to ensure that phase inversion conditions prevail. For a fixed temperature in an application, the only variables available for optimizing the performance of a system containing nonionics are: the type of nonionic, and the concentrations of electrolytes and anionics. Based on the mutual interactions of these ingredients in mixed systems, we have devised some guidelines for selection of the optimal ethylene oxide (FO) chain length in lauryl alcohol ethoxylate type of nonionics for a range of electrolytes and anionic surfactant concentrations. For any given concentration of electrolytes (sodium carbonate and sodium tripolyphosphate), anionic (sodium linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) and nonionic, the detergency of synthetic sebum from blended polyester/cotton fabrics shows a maximum as a function of average FO moles in the nonionic. Oil/water interfacial tension shows an expected reverse trend. The optimal EO moles (for maximal detergency) show a monotonically increasing trend when plotted as a function of the ratio of nonionic to anionic concentration for a fixed level of electrolyte. The optimal EO moles also increase with increasing level of electrolytes in the system. However, the effect of nonionic/anionic ratio is much stronger than the effect of electrolytes on the optimal EO moles.
Progress toward the production of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants
Authors: Napier Johnathan A. , Sayanova Olga , Qi Baoxiu , Lazarus Colin M.
Published: December 2006

Long‐chain PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids are prevalent in fish oils, and these compounds have been demonstrated to play important roles in human health and nutrition. In particular, these n−3/omega‐3 long‐chain PUFA provide protection from cardiovascular disease and a collection of symptoms (termed metabolic syndrome) associated with progression toward type 2 diabetes and obesity. Within Western populations, a large increase in the occurrence of these conditions represents a major public health concern. Unfortunately, both marine fish stocks and (consequentially) consumption of fish oils are in steep decline, limiting the protective role of long‐chain PUFA in human health. One alternative approach to the provision of these health‐beneficial FA is via their synthesis in transgenic plants. This review will describe recent advances in the production of transgenic plant oils nutritionally enhanced to produce long‐chain PUFA.