bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Projeto Iguaçu de cooperativismo e a formação do cooperativismo do agronegócio: o caso da Cooperativa Agroindustrial Lar
Authors: Reis Marilucia Ben dos , Flores Carmen Rejane
Published: September 2020

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a influência do Projeto Iguaçu de Cooperativismo na formação/transformação e desenvolvimento da Cooperativa Agroindustrial Lar no Oeste do Paraná. A metodologia utilizada foi a analise interpretativa, crítica, estruturalista das contradições geradas no sistema cooperativista e as estruturas que se formaram a partir das ações do projeto Iguaçu de cooperativismo no território oestino paranaense. Foram realizados estudos exploratórios e entrevistas para entender como se desenvolveu a implantação desse projeto e seus reflexos na territorialização e na formação da COMASIL atual Cooperativa Agroindustrial Lar. Os resultados apontam que a cooperativa em estudo sob a influência direta do Projeto Iguaçu de Cooperativismo, deixou de ser uma cooperativa mercantil para se transformar em uma cooperativa/ empresa/ comercial/ agroindustrial/ integrada e finalmente formando um Complexo Agroindustrial (CAI) no campo. Isso reforça a ideia de que o cooperativismo do agronegócio no Paraná foi pensado para implantação da modernização da agricultura e consequentemente do CAI no campo. Esse estudo é de grande valia pois ajuda a compreender a complexidade do cooperativismo e sua territorializado no Oeste do Paraná. Apesar de suas limitações, a pesquisa é ponto de partida para outros estudos, além de contribuir para a construção de muitas análises.
Natural Zeolites of Eastern Transbaikalia in Technologies for Mining Enterprises Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Razmakhnin Konstantin , Milyutin Vitaliy Vitalievich , Khatkova Alisa Nikolaevna , Nekrasova Nataliya Anatolevna
Published: September 2020

The possibilities of conditioning acidified wastewater from mining enterprises by natural zeolites of deposits in East Transbaikalia were studied. Sorption characteristics of various natural and synthetic zeolites in relation to strontium and cesium radionuclides were determined to evaluate the possibility of their application for the purification of radioactively contaminated technogenic and natural waters. The ability of natural zeolites to selectively adsorb the heavy metal ions was investigated. An experimental study was made on the possibility of neutralizing acidic media with zeolites. The kinetic dependencies were obtained to evaluate the ion exchange rate on the natural zeolites. The impact of exchanging cations and the defining mineral’s structure on the exchange rate was studied. The instantaneous adsorption interaction rate values were determined. The possibility of 90Sr and Ca2+ ions sorption from the simulated solutions of industrial wastewater was investigated.
Cerebral Hemodynamic Response To Menstrual Cycle In Migraine
Authors: OZKUL Ayca , DİNCEL Hasibe Ozgecen , AKYOL Ali
Published: September 2020

Objective: Menstrually related migraine (MRM) occurs in relation to menstrual cycles. We investigated the cerebral hemodynamic response to the menstrual cycle in nonmenstrually related migraines (nMRM), MRM and healthy controls.

Methods: 22 nMRM, 20 MRM patients in an attack-free interval and 20 healthy volunteers were included in our study. TCD recordings were made during the follicular and luteal phases of the hormonal cycle and mean flow velocity values of middle and posterior cerebral arteries were studied. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVR) was evaluated by breath holding index (BHI) and visually evoked blood flow (VEBF) changes in both phases of the same menstrual cycle.

Results: Mean flow veloticities and hormone levels were not different between groups. Right BHI and bilateral VEBF values were significantly lower in both of the migraine groups. The physiological elevation of CVR in the luteal phase was detected in the control and nMRM groups, but not in the MRM group.

Conclusion: The cerebral hemaodynamics were affected in both MRM and nMRM. Additionally the physiological CVR to menstrual cycle was impaired in MRM. The impairment in cerebral hemodynamic response to the menstrual cycle in MRM needs further research to discover the underlying pathophysiology.
Investigation of the Association between Bispectral index and Body Temperature during Abdominal Surgery; An Observational Study
Authors: AKYOL BEYOGLU Cigdem , SAYGİLİ Ceylan , DİLEK Mustafa , MEYANCİ KOKSAL Guniz
Published: September 2020

Objective: Bispectral index (BIS) is mainly used for drug titration and is well correlated with drug concentration and hypnosis. Our aim was to present the correlation between hypothermia and BIS during abdominal surgery.

Methods: The study was conducted in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I-III, aged between 18-60 y, who had undergone abdominal operation in general surgery theatre. Body temperature and BIS scores whenawake, after anesthesia induction, after tracheal intubation and every 5 minutes during the operation, and afterextubation were measured and recorded.

Results: Three hundred patients were included to the study. Repeated measure regression analysis of BIS scores with the body temperature at distinct time points did not show a significant relationship. None of the patients had a body temperature lower than 35°C.

Conclusions: As a result of our study, we can say that temperature decrease up to 35°C may not have an effect on BIS scores, and BIS maybe used safely to indicate hypnosis level at temperatures 35°C and above during abdominal surgery.
Diyarbakır İlinde Meydana Gelen İş Kazalarının Demografik Analizi, Mortalite ve Morbiditeyi Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: AVINCA Öner , DURSUN Recep , TAŞ Mahmut , ÜSTÜNDAĞ Mehmet , ORAK Murat , GÜLOĞLU Cahfer
Published: September 2020

Amaç: İş: insanların yaşantısında onlara bir yer kazandıran önemli bir sosyal etmen olduğu gibi fiziksel, kimyasal, psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik pek çok nitelikleri ile de insan sağlığını etkilemektedir "1, 2". Sanayi devrimi ile birlikte etkilenen çalışma hayatına hemen her alanda makineleşme girmiş ve bu durum kitlesel üretime geçişle paralel başka sorunları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu sorunların en başında ise iş kazaları gelmektedir. Çalışanlar; kullandıkları makineler, çalışma ortamındaki zehirli maddeler, insan yapısına uygun olmayan çalışma organizasyonu gibi nedenlerle çeşitli mesleki tehlikelerle karşılaşmaktadır "3". Bu nedenle her yıl azımsanmayacak sayıda insan, çok rahatlıkla engellenebilecek iş kazalarından ve meslek hastalıklarından yaşamını kaybetmekte veya engelli hale gelmektedir "4".

Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 1 Ocak 2013-31 Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında meydana gelen iş kazaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Diyarbakır ili Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Tıp ve Travmatoloji Hastanesine başvuran hastaların arşivdeki dosyaları ile Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) kayıtlarına bakıldı. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen 406 olgunun yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik özelliklerinin yanı sıra kazaların saat, gün, mevsim dağılımları gibi zamana bağlı başvuru şekilleri incelendi. Kazaların oluş yeri, acil servise başvuru şekli, kazanın oluş şekli, yaralanan organ, iş yeri özelliği, tedavi gördüğü ve/veya yattığı klinik ve sonuç parametreleri değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya dâhil edilen işçilerin %96,8’i (n=393) erkek, %3,2’si (n=13) kadındı. Olguların mevsimlere göre dağılımı en sık %30,8 (n=125) ile ilkbaharda görüldü. Hastalar en sık %34,7 (n=141) oranı ile 12-16 saatleri arasında başvurdu. Olgular %17,7 (n=72) ile en sık cumartesi günleri başvurdu. İş kazası nedeniyle acil servise başvuran hastaların kazanın olduğu yere göre dağılımları incelendiğinde; %99’unun (n=402) iş yerinde, %0,5’inin (n=2) evde çalışırken kazaya maruz kaldığı tespit edilirken, %0,5’inin (n=2) ise nerede kazaya maruz kaldığı tespit edilemedi.

Sonuç: Çalışma yaşamının içindeki bir olgu olması nedeniyle iş kazaları, her şeyden önce üretim ilişkileri içindeki yeri, niteliği itibariyle değerlendirilmelidir. İş yerleri, kâr amacıyla kurulan yerler olduklarından, iş kazalarına karşı alınacak her türlü önlem bir maliyet konusudur. İş kazalarının bir diğer önemli niteliği ise önlenebilir oluşudur.
Carvacrol’un Ratlarda Böbrek İskemi Reperüzyon Hasarı Üzerine Koruyucu Etkileri
Authors: ZEYTUN Hikmet , BASUGUY Erol , İBİLOĞLU İbrahim , ARSLAN Serkan , KAPLAN İbrahim , OKUR M. Hanifi
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Ratlarda böbrek iskemi reperfüzyonu hasarı üzerine Carvacrol (CARV) 'ün koruyucu etkilerini araştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Ağırlıkları 200-250 gr arasında değişen, 30 adet erkek Wistar Albino ratlar rastgele grublara ayrıldı. 50 mg/kg ketamin ve 3mg/ kg ksilazin (periton içi) ile anestezi sağlandı. Renal arter trombozunu önlemek için 100 İU/kg heparin (periton içi) uygulamasından sonra orta hat kesi ile tüm ratlara sağ nefrektomi yapıldı. Grup I (Sham): Sağ nefrektomiyi takiben 6 saat sonra sol nefrektomi yapıldı. Grup II (I/R): Sağ nefrektomiyi takiben sol böbrek, 60 dakika iskemi ve 6 saat reperfüzyonda bırakıldı. Grup III(I/R+CARV): Grup II de uygulanan işleme ek olarak, iskemi ve reperfüzyondan hemen önce toplam 2 kez 35mg/kg periton içine Carvacrol verildi. Altı saatlik reperfüzyonu takiben ratların tamamı kardiak ponksiyonla yüksek miktarda kan alınarak sakrifiye edildi ve sol nefrektomi yapıldı. Alınan serum ve dokulardaki proiflamatuar sitokinler, oksidatif stres parametreleri çalışıldı ve histopatolojik inceleme yapılarak gruplar arasında karşılaştırma yapıldı.

Bulgular: Böbrek fonksiyon göstergesi olan Serum BUN ve kreatinin düzeyleri, I/R grubunda Sham grubuna kıyasla yükselmiş ve iskeminin gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir(p
Kronik Subdural Hematom Sonrası Son Durum ve Bilişsel Fonksiyonların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AYDIN ÖZTÜRK Pınar , ÖZTÜRK Ünal , TAMAM Yusuf
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Kronik subdural hematom (Kr.SDH) sık görülen intrakranial bir patoloji olup reversibl demans nedenlerindendir. Daha çok ileri yaş grubun hastalığı olduğundan komorbidite sıklığı oldukça fazladır. Bu nedenle cerrahi olarak kolay yönetilebileceği düşünülse de benign bir antite olmaktan uzaktır.
Çalışmamızda Glasgow outcome skalası ve mini mental durum testi ile Kr.SDH’un son durum ve bilişsel fonksiyonlara etkisi araştırılmak istenmiştir.
Yöntemler: Kr.SDH nedeniyle takip edilen hastaların demografik ve etyolojik verileri, görüntüleme bulguları, son durum ve mini mental durum testi bulguları değerlendirmeye alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda yaş ortalaması 71.6 (46-88), erkek/kadın oranı; 4:1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların %67.1’inde travma öyküsü, %71.6’sında en az bir komorbidite olduğu görülmüştür. Hastaların %64.2’sine cerrahi uygulanmış, cerrahi gerektiren hastaların yaş ortalamasının daha düşük, komorbiditelerinin daha az, travma sonrası cerrahi sürelerinin daha uzun, MMDT puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. MMDT puanına göre demans grubunun yaşının ileri olduğu, komorbiditelerinin fazla olduğu ve modifiye Glasgow outcome skalalarının düşük olduğu saptandı.
Sonuç: Kr.SDH’da demans, patogenezi tam olarak açıklanmayan ancak erken dönemde hematom drenaj ile reversibl olabilen bir bulgudur.
Defining irredentism as a security phenomenon
Authors: Malbašić Zoran , Trbojević Milovan
Published: September 2020

Irredentism as an inevitable element of expansionistic strategy still remains a fascinating concept and a subject of research in political science and security intelligence to boot. The subject of this paper is the origin of irredentism as a security phenomenon, the analyses of its numerous transformations and the resilience of this phenomenon in all country legal systems. The specific attention has been appointed to typology of irredentism alongside the goal of identifying the irredentist strategies throughout history until today, accompanied by an aspiration to identify the current potentially irredentist countries. Expansionistic doctrine cannot be observed as an internal affair of a country, but it is a generator of international crises, potentially growing into regional and further into global conflict. Analysing numerous theoretical views in this field, the authors' intention has been to verify the structural characteristics of irredentism together with the initial partakers of conflicts alongside irredentist potential.
Suitability of native milkweed (Asclepias) species versus cultivars for supporting monarch butterflies and bees in urban gardens
Authors: Baker Adam M. , Redmond Carl T. , Malcolm Stephen B. , Potter Daniel A.
Published: September 2020

Public interest in ecological landscaping and gardening is fueling a robust market for native plants. Most plants available to consumers through the horticulture trade are cultivated forms that have been selected for modified flowers or foliage, compactness, or other ornamental characteristics. Depending on their traits, some native plant cultivars seem to support pollinators, specialist insect folivores, and insect-based vertebrate food webs as effectively as native plant species, whereas others do not. There is particular need for information on whether native cultivars can be as effective as true or “wild-type” native species for supporting specialist native insects of conservation concern. Herein we compared the suitability of native milkweed species and their cultivars for attracting and supporting one such insect, the iconic monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.), as well as native bees in urban pollinator gardens. Wild-type Asclepias incarnata L. (swamp milkweed) and Asclepias tuberosa L. (butterfly milkweed) and three additional cultivars of each that vary in stature, floral display, and foliage color were grown in a replicated common garden experiment at a public arboretum. We monitored the plants for colonization by wild monarchs, assessed their suitability for supporting monarch larvae in greenhouse trials, measured their defensive characteristics (leaf trichome density, latex, and cardenolide levels), and compared the proportionate abundance and diversity of bee families and genera visiting their blooms. Significantly more monarch eggs and larvae were found on A. incarnata than A. tuberosa in both years, but within each milkweed group, cultivars were colonized to the same extent as wild types. Despite some differences in defense allocation, all cultivars were as suitable as wild-type milkweeds in supporting monarch larval growth. Five bee families and 17 genera were represented amongst the 2,436 total bees sampled from blooms of wild-type milkweeds and their cultivars in the replicated gardens. Bee assemblages of A. incarnata were dominated by Apidae (Bombus, Xylocopa spp., and Apis mellifera), whereas A. tuberosa attracted relatively more Halictidae (especially Lasioglossum spp.) and Megachilidae. Proportionate abundance of bee families and genera was generally similar for cultivars and their respective wild types. This study suggests that, at least in small urban gardens, milkweed cultivars can be as suitable as their parental species for supporting monarch butterflies and native bees.
Featherwork in Early and Medieval China
Authors: Milburn Olivia
Published: September 2020

This paper is concerned with the early documented history of featherwork in China, as described in historical texts and literature up until the end of the Tang dynasty in 907 CE. Although featherwork from several Pacific islands and Latin America has recently been the subject of academic attention, the important Chinese tradition has been neglected. Drawing on studies of featherwork from other cultures, this paper divides these accounts by technical criterion into flexible base featherwork (clothing, curtains, hangings, and coverlets); rigid base featherwork (boxes, architectural detailing, jewelry, and screens); and most remarkably of all, deconstructionist featherwork, whereby the barbs of individual feathers were peeled apart and then spun with a silk core to create a feather thread, which was then woven into cloth. Featherwork was produced in vast quantities in early and medieval China to satisfy demand for these luxurious and brightly colored items, and exotic birds—kingfishers, parrots, pheasants, and so on—were traded across the empire to create these wonderful works of art.
Barriers to Effective HIV Testing Services and Strategies for Its Promotion at the Primary Health Care Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwamotemi Christiana A. , Okanlawon Funmilayo A. , Edoni Elizabeth R. , Adelekan Ademola L.
Published: September 2020

Background: HIV testing services (HTS) act as a critical entry point to HIV care, treatment and prevention services, and offer the opportunity for specially-trained health care providers to encourage avoidance of high risk sexual behaviour among both HIV negative and HIV-positive individuals. However, there are some challenges that can hinder effective delivery of HIV Counseling and Testing services by health care providers. This study was therefore designed to investigate barriers to effective HIV testing services and strategies for its promotion at the primary health care facilities in Ibadan.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among health care providers in primary health care facilities in five local government areas in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. A 4-stage sampling techniques was used to select 19 respondents and interviewed using key informant interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Spot check of transcripts were conducted to ensure completeness of the transcription. The data were sorted, categorized, and analyzed using a qualitative data analysis computer software package (NVivo).

Results: All the respondents interviewed reported that, there were pre and post-tests counseling including HIV testing services in their facilities. Some respondents added there were laboratory services and linkages to other care and support services for those tested positive to HIV. However, most of the respondents reported insufficient consumables, insufficient staff, no privacy, lack of infrastructures as barriers to effective HIV testing services. Many of the respondents recommended community sensitization, more provision for consumables, drugs and kits as strategies for promoting HIV testing services.

Conclusion: This study revealed that the primary health centres have pre-test and post-test HIV counseling services but insufficient consumables and staff were the major barriers to HIV testing services in this study. It is therefore necessary for government to make provision for consumables and more personnel to boost the activities of the health facilities.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL MITIGASI RISIKO KETERLAMBATAN PROYEK BERBASIS FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS: STUDI KASUS DI PT X
Authors: Rumpuin Andrey Ferdian , Wahjudi Didik , Prayogo Doddy
Published: September 2020

Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari faktor keterlambatan di proyek konstruksi jalan di Kota Ambon. PT X sering mengalami keterlambatan dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan. Penelitian bertujuan meminimalkan rIsiko dan dampak keterlambatan yang dialami PT X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode FMEA karena dapat memprioritaskan risiko proyek menggunakan item pekerjaannya. Prioritas item pekerjaan di pilih yang memiliki RPN di atas 125 Pengambilan data dilakukan dua kali wawancara dan teknik 5 Whys digunakan mencari akar permasalahan. Hasil selama wawancara adalah mendapatkan faktor risiko yang menyebabkan keterlambatan, nilai RPN dengan pedoman tabel SOD, menganalisis risiko, memberikan solusi dan memastikan nilai RPN lebih kecil dari 125. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan kemiripan faktor risiko yang menyebabkan keterlambatan antara proyek 1 dan proyek 2, dengan proses pengerjaan di tahun yang bebeda. Faktor-faktor risiko tersebut terjadi karena penerapan sistem di perusahaan yang kurang diperhatikan. Implentasi metode FMEA untuk proyek konstruksi dapat digunakan meskipun item pekerjaannya banyak.
Methanotrichaceae fam. nov
.
Authors: Akinyemi Taiwo S. , Shao Nana , Whitman William B.
Published: September 2020

Me.tha.no.tri.cha.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Methanothrix
type genus of the family; suff. –
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanotrichaceae
the
Methanothrix
family.

Halobacterota / Methanosarcinia / Methanotrichales / Methanotrichaceae fam. nov.

Sheathed, rod‐shaped cells with flat ends, usually 0.8–1.3 μm wide by 2.0–6.0 μm long. Nonmotile. Gram‐stain‐negative. Oxygen‐tolerant anaerobe. Slow‐growing organotrophic, splitting acetate into methane and CO
2
for energy generation. Some strains split formate into hydrogen and CO
2
without generating methane. CO
2
can be reduced into methane when cocultured with electrogenic
Geobacter
spp. via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Lipids contain
myo
‐inositol, ethanolamine, and galactose as the polar head groups. Genome sequences have been determined for all described species.

Habitats
: Widely distributed in anaerobic river mud, paddy field soil, hot springs, thermal lakes, thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic wastewater digestors treating domestic wastes, granular sludge, anaerobic fixed‐bed reactors, and other types of anaerobic systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51–61 (Genome).

Type genus
:
Methanothrix
Huser et al. 1982, VL10.
Haloactinobacterium
Authors: Jiao Jian‐Yu , Narsing Rao Manik Prabhu , Salam Nimaichand , Li Wen‐Jun
Published: September 2020

Ha.lo.ac.ti.no.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; Gr. fem. n.
actis
,
actinos
a ray; L. neut. n.
bacterium
a rod; N.L. neut. n.
Haloactinobacterium
a halophilic actinobacterium.

Actinobacteria / Actinomycetia / Ruaniales / Ruaniaceae / Haloactinobacterium

Aerobic, Gram‐staining‐positive, and
moderately halophilic
.
Facultatively anaerobic
in the presence of KNO
3
. Does not form endospores. Cells are rod shaped and are motile or nonmotile, depending on the absence or presence of a lateral flagellum. Catalase‐positive. Tolerate a wide range of temperature, pH, and salt in the growth medium. The peptidoglycan is type
A4α
with
l
‐Lys‐
l
‐Glu interpeptide bridge. The whole‐cell sugars are glucosamine, arabinose, and mannose. The respiratory menaquinone is
MK‐8(H

4

)
. The known polar lipids are
diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol,
and
phosphatidylinositol
. The major fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, and anteiso‐C
17:0
.

Phylogenetically, the genus
Haloactinobacterium
is closely related to the genus
Ruania
and is classified under the family
Ruaniaceae
. The genus contains two species; the type species
Haloactinobacterium album
represented by a single strain is isolated from a soil sample collected from a salt lake located in Xinjiang province, P.R. China, while the species
Haloactinobacterium glacieicola
containing a single strain is isolated from an ice core sample collected from a glacier in Tibet, P.R. China.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
68.6–71.4 (WGS).

Type species
:
Haloactinobacterium album
Tang et al. 2010
VP
.
Methanosphaera
Authors: Shao Nana , Akinyemi Taiwo S. , Whitman William B.
Published: September 2020

Me.tha.no.sphae'ra. N.L. neut. n.
methanum
methane; L. fem. n.
sphaera
a sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Methanosphaera
methane‐producing sphere.

Euryarchaeota / Methanobacteria / Methanobacteriales / Methanobacteriaceae / Methanosphaera

Round cells, usually occurring in pairs, tetrads, or clusters, about 1.0 μm in diameter. Resting cells, such as spores, are not known. Stain Gram‐positive. Strictly anaerobic. Nonmotile. Cell walls are composed of pseudomurein and contain serine. Chemoorganotrophic. Energy metabolism is only from the reduction of methanol by H
2
. Acetate and CO
2
are required for growth and methanogenesis. Optimal growth temperature is near 37°C, with no growth occurring at 25°C or above 45°C; optimal pH is near 6.8. Usually occur in feces or gastrointestinal tracts of animals.

DNA G
 + 
C content (mol%)
: 27.6–28.0 (Genome).

Type species
:
Methanosphaera stadtmanae
Miller and Wolin 1985, VL19.
Paludisphaera
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ivanova Anastasia A.
Published: September 2020

Pa.lu.di.sphae'ra. L. n.
palus ‐udis
a swamp, marsh; L. fem. n.
sphaera
a ball, globe sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Paludisphaera
a spherical cell from wetland.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Isosphaerales / Isosphaeraceae / Paludisphaera

The genus
Paludisphaera
is represented by stalk‐free planctomycetes with spherical cells, which occur singly, in pairs, short chains, or in shapeless aggregates. Cells are covered with crateriform structures, which are scattered over the whole cell surface. Cell division occurs by means of budding; daughter cells are nonmotile. Members of the genus are mesophilic to psychrotolerant, moderately acidophilic, and chemoorganotrophic aerobes, which are also capable of growth in microaerobic conditions. Most sugars and a number of polysaccharides including pectin, xylan, lichenan, and Phytagel are used as growth substrates. This genus is a member of the phylum
Planctomycetes
, class
Planctomycetia,
order
Isosphaerales
, and family
Isosphaeraceae
. Representatives of this genus are common inhabitants of boreal and tundra wetlands.

DNA G
 + 
C content
(
mol
%): 66.0 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Paludisphaera borealis
Kulichevskaya et al. 2016
VP
.
Clinical Team Perspectives on the Psychosocial Aspects of Transition to Adult Care for Patients With Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bitencourt Nicole , Kramer Justin , Bermas Bonnie L. , Solow E. Blair , Wright Tracey , Makris Una E.
Published: September 2020

Objective

The transition from pediatric to adult care for youth with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a vulnerable period. Adverse outcomes during this transition include gaps in care, unscheduled health care utilization, loss of insurance, and high disease activity. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical care teams’ perspective on the psychosocial factors associated with transition outcomes, which are poorly understood in this population.

Methods

We conducted in‐depth interviews with clinical care team members who interact with childhood‐onset SLE patients during transfer from pediatric to adult rheumatology. A semistructured interview guide was used to prompt participants’ perspectives about the psychosocial factors associated with the transition process for patients with childhood‐onset SLE. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative method. We stopped conducting interviews once thematic saturation was achieved.

Results

Thirteen in‐depth interviews were conducted. Participants included pediatric rheumatologists (n = 4), adult rheumatologists from both academic and private practice settings (n = 4), nurses (n = 2), a nurse practitioner, a social worker, and a psychologist. We identified several themes deemed by clinical care teams as important during the transition, including the impact of the family, patient resilience and coping mechanisms, the role of mental health and emotional support, and the need for education, peer support, and social connectedness.

Conclusion

We identified several psychosocial themes that clinical team members believe impact the transition of patients with childhood‐onset SLE into adult care. The role of parental modeling, youth resilience, mental health and emotional care, improved childhood‐onset SLE education, and structured peer support and social connectedness are highlighted, which may be amenable to interventions.
Maximum likelihood‐based adaptive differential evolution identification algorithm for multivariable systems in the state‐space form
Authors: Cui Ting , Xu Ling , Ding Feng , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar
Published: September 2020

Parameter estimation plays an important role in the field of system control. This article is concerned with the parameter estimation methods for multivariable systems in the state‐space form. For the sake of solving the identification complexity caused by a large number of parameters in multivariable systems, we decompose the original multivariable system into some subsystems containing fewer parameters and study identification algorithms to estimate the parameters of each subsystem. By taking the maximum likelihood criterion function as the fitness function of the differential evolution algorithm, we present a maximum likelihood‐based differential evolution (ML‐DE) algorithm for parameter estimation. To improve the parameter estimation accuracy, we introduce the adaptive mutation factor and the adaptive crossover factor into the ML‐DE algorithm and propose a maximum likelihood‐based adaptive differential evolution algorithm. The simulation study indicates the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Robust integrated covariance intersection fusion Kalman estimators for networked systems with random measurement delays, multiplicative noises, and uncertain noise variances
Authors: Ran Chenjian , Deng Zili
Published: September 2020

In this article, the robust distributed fusion Kalman filtering problems are addressed for the networked mixed uncertain multisensor systems with random one‐step measurement delays, multiplicative noises, and uncertain noise variances. A new augmented state approach with fictitious measurement noises modeled by the first‐order moving average models is presented, by which the original system is transformed into a standard uncertain system only with uncertain‐variance fictitious white noises. Based on the minimax robust estimation principle and Kalman filtering theory, a universal integrated covariance intersection (ICI) fusion approach is presented in the sense that first of all the robust local estimators and their conservative error variances and crosscovariances are presented, and then integrating the local estimation information yields ICI fusers. An extended Lyapunov equation approach with two kinds of Lyapunov equations is presented in order to prove the robustness and to compute fictitious noise statistics. Applying these approaches, the minimax robust local, ICI, and fast ICI fused Kalman estimators (predictor, filter, and smoother) are presented, such that for all admissible uncertainties, their actual estimation error variances are guaranteed to have the corresponding minimal upper bounds. Their robustness, accuracy relations, and convergence are also proved. The proposed ICI fusers improve the robust accuracies and overcome the drawbacks of the original covariance intersection fusers, such that the robust local estimators and their conservative variances are assumed to be known, and their conservative crosscovariances are ignored. Two simulation examples applied to the offshore platform system verify their correctness, effectiveness, and applicability.
Stimulants for preschool ADHD down, A2As up
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2020

The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is decreasing among children ages 2 to 5 in Kentucky, but the use of alpha‐2 agonists (A2As, such as clonidine and guanfacine) is increasing, and the use of stimulants is decreasing. The researchers urge long‐term follow‐up of these children, as well as vigilance in checking diagnosis and treatment. For the study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology and based on Medicaid claims, the researchers were not able to ascertain whether the diagnoses or the treatments were appropriate.
Only 37% of police officers give naloxone to OD victims
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2020

According to a recent study, among police officers who responded to overdose calls in the last six months, only 37% administered naloxone on the scene, and 36% made an arrest, despite the fact that some of the states had a Good Samaritan Law — which protects people who make calls to police for overdoses — in effect. The study, “Knowledge, preparedness, and compassion fatigue among law enforcement officers who respond to opioid overdose,” is in the current issue of Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Most of the officers knew whether or not their state had a Good Samaritan Law, but only 26% knew that the law protects people on the scene from arrest.
Creped Tissue Paper: A Microarchitected Fibrous Network
Authors: Das Ratul , Pan Kui , Green Sheldon , Phani A. Srikantha
Published: September 2020

Tissue paper is a thin complex nonlinear fibrous material made from fiber layers thinner (≈100 μm) than a human hair. Though it appears as a slender two‐dimensional material to our eyes, its internal microstructure reveals an intricate architected fibrous network of only 1–5 wood fibers within its thickness. The fiber network is folded in one direction giving rise to a characteristic crepe structure. Using high‐speed imaging, the crepe structure is shown to emerge from a dynamic, coupled mechanical deformation processes of fracture and buckling, occurring on a length scale of few hundred micrometer. Bending and stretching of the folds at the macroscale of the paper and at the microscale of the individual fibers are shown to govern the material's tensile properties, including the strain to rupture and the elastic modulus. Insights from this study can guide the development of strong, soft fibrous materials for biomedical and consumer products.
2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures for p‐ and n‐Type Photovoltaic Self‐Powered Gas Sensor
Authors: Kim Youngjun , Lee Sangyoon , Song Jeong‐Gyu , Ko Kyung Yong , Woo Whang Je , Lee Suk Woo , Park Minwoo , Lee Hoonkyung , Lee Zonghoon , Choi Hyunyong , Kim Woo‐Hee , Park Jusang , Kim Hyungjun
Published: September 2020

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted much attention for their gas sensing applications due to their superior responsivity at typical room temperature. However, low power consumption and reliable selectivity are the two main requirements for gas sensors to be applicable in future electronic devices. Herein, a p‐type (WSe2/WS2) and n‐type (MoS2/WSe2) photovoltaic self‐powered gas sensor is demonstrated using 2D TMD heterostructures for the first time. The gas sensors are operated by the photovoltaic effect of 2D TMD heterostructures, which are uniformly synthesized by the vacuum‐based synthesis. The gas sensing properties of the WSe2/WS2 and MoS2/WSe2 heterostructure gas sensors are investigated for NO2 and NH3 with changing gas concentration, and each sensor exhibits selectivity to NO2 and NH3. From the results, it is confirmed that the 2D TMD heterostructures can be a viable platform for highly sensitive, selective gas sensor applications without external bias due to their photovoltaic features. Further, this study contributes toward revealing the gas sensor mechanism in 2D TMD heterostructure.
Structural Instability in Electrically Stressed, Oxygen Deficient BaTiO3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Tian Xinchun , Brennecka Geoff L. , Tan Xiaoli
Published: September 2020

The dynamics of oxygen vacancies under external stimuli dominates the performance of many solid‐state devices, including capacitors, oxide memristors, anionic conductors, etc. By means of in situ transmission electron microscopy, it is found in BaTiO3 perovskite nanocrystals that formation of oxygen vacancies due to electrical stressing renders the oxide amorphizable under electron beam illumination, suggesting the presence of a threshold concentration of oxygen vacancy affecting the structural stability of BaTiO3 crystals upon high energy radiation. In contrast to the structural change, the resistivity of the nanocrystal seems not liable to the amorphization prior to dielectric breakdown at higher voltage bias. It is proposed that an increase in oxygen vacancy content promotes oxygen mobility in the perovskite structure allowing electron beam induced electric field to modify the local structure and composition. The in situ observations reveal the central role of oxygen vacancies in the structural stability of perovskites which is of paramount importance to their applications in extreme environments and suggest a potential new route to micro‐processing perovskite oxides using the electron beam via oxygen vacancy management without severely compromising the electric property.
Bifacial Multilayer Graphene Float Transfer
Authors: Andrade Joseph A. , Folkson Jan , Boukhicha Mohamed , Carr Amanda J. , Eisaman Matthew D.
Published: September 2020

A method for graphene transfer which is referred to as “bifacial transfer” that allows transfer of multilayer chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene from both sides of a native metal substrate, such as an as‐received nickel catalyst, is presented. In traditional transfer methods, the graphene on the “non‐preferred” side, that is, the bottom of the substrate, is removed with oxygen plasma before removal of the metal catalyst in etchant solution. Although this treatment prevents undesired aggregation of the graphene films, it fails to utilize both sides of CVD‐grown graphene. The bifacial transfer method reduces the cost of multilayer graphene by allowing the transfer of graphene from both sides of the substrate. The quality of graphene transferred from both sides onto target glass and polymer substrates is compared. The results of optical microscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electronic transport measurements suggest that the quality of the multilayer graphene on the “non‐preferred” side does not differ significantly from that of the “preferred” side. This method will allow more efficient and cost‐effective use of graphene by doubling the usable graphene per area of growth substrate, and by eliminating the need for intermediate sacrificial transfer substrates such as poly(methyl methacrylate).
Flexible Color‐Tunable Electroluminescent Devices by Designing Dielectric‐Distinguishing Double‐Stacked Emissive Layers
Authors: Zuo Yong , Shi Xiang , Zhou Xufeng , Xu Xiaojie , Wang Jun , Chen Peining , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng
Published: September 2020

Intrinsically flexible alternating current electroluminescent devices have sparked widespread research interest due to their tremendous potential in bioinspired electronics, smart wearables, and human–machine interfaces. In these applications, it is highly desirable to possess real‐time color tunability but this has not been reported yet. Herein, a flexible color‐tunable electroluminescent device composed of simple double‐stacked emissive layers of ZnS phosphors/dielectric polymer composite is developed by an all‐solution processable method. The color tuning capability can be attributed to the dielectric difference between the two emissive layers, leading to the color combination between two independent emissions originating from different ZnS phosphors at varied electric fields. With the rational selection of the dielectric polymer matrices, a wide‐range color tuning from orange to white and to blue can be realized in a single device just by varying the electric field. It also exhibits high mechanical robustness with well‐maintained performance even after 1000 cycles of bending. Similar natural functionalities like camouflage and visual communication can be further reproduced in the artificial color‐tunable system, thereby opening a general and effective avenue for developing smart wearables and soft electronics.
2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Single Crystal Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Fengjing , Wang Liang , Wang Jiawei , Wang Feng , Chen Yiyi , Zhang Shuai , Sun Huijuan , Liu Jia , Wang Gongtang , Hu Yuanyuan , Jiang Chao
Published: September 2020

2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (2D PVKs) have attracted huge interest because of their excellent optoelectronic properties, yet the understanding of their electrical properties is inadequate due to the difficulties in obtaining 2D PVK field‐effect transistors (FETs) with decent performance. Herein, the fabrication and characterization of 2D PVK ((BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1) single crystal FETs are reported, which exhibit reliable field effect electrical characteristics at low temperatures. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) results reveal that both ion migration and contact resistance seriously degrade device performance. While ion migration can be suppressed at low temperatures, contact resistance seems to fundamentally determine device performance. On one hand, Schottky contacts are observed to form at the metal/2D PVK interface because of Fermi level pinning, resulting in significant charge injection resistance, although this can be remarkably improved by replacing Au electrodes with Ca. On the other hand, the out‐of‐plane mobility is found to be three orders of magnitude lower than the in‐plane mobility in 2D PVKs, causing large interlayer transport resistance. Thus, a low work‐function metal and a thin crystal are important for achieving high device performance. This work provides important experimental insights into fabrication and electrical properties of 2D PVK FETs.
Lewis Acid–Base Interactions between Polysulfides and Boehmite Enables Stable Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Kumar Ajit , Das Tisita , Ghosh Arpita , Chakraborty Sudip , Kar Mega , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Mitra Sagar
Published: September 2020

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are among the ideal candidates for grid‐scale energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density. However, rapid dissolution of polysulfides along with extremely slow redox kinetics lead to a low practical cell capacity and inferior cycling stability, inhibiting their practical applications. Herein, an innovative design strategy is introduced for a chemical and structural synergistic immobilization of sodium‐polysulfides in the cathode structure. An aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanosheets decorated sulfur/carbon black nanocomposite (S@CB@AlOOH) is used as an efficient cathode material for stable RT Na–S batteries. The cathode material exhibits extremely stable cycling performance, delivering an initial specific capacity of 392 mA h g–1and retains 378 mA h g–1after 500 cycles at 1C. The excellent performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the structural encapsulation as well as chemical immobilization of polysulfides, significantly suppressing their gradual dissolution into liquid electrolyte. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that through favorable Lewis acid–base interactions, AlOOH catalyzes the redox conversion of the higher‐order polysulfides (Na2Sn, 6 ≤n≤ 8) to the lower‐order polysulfides (Na2Sx, 1 ≤x≤ 2). The importance of Lewis acid–base catalysis to enhance the overall performance of these batteries is demonstrated.
Leachable‐Free Fabrication of Hydrogel Foams Enabling Homogeneous Viability of Encapsulated Cells in Large‐Volume Constructs
Authors: Salvador Tânia , Oliveira Mariana B. , Mano João F.
Published: September 2020

The popularity of cell‐laden injectable hydrogels has steeply increased due to their compatibility with minimally invasive surgical procedures. However, the diffusion of indispensable molecules for cell survival through bulk hydrogel structures, particularly oxygen, is often limited to micrometric distances, often hampering cell viability or uniform tissue formation in constructs with clinically relevant sizes. The introduction of micropores in hydrogels or the use of oxygen‐generating materials has enabled combining advantages of porous 3D scaffolds with the injectability properties of in situ‐solidifying hydrogels. Here, cell‐laden injectable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) foams are fabricated using a single polymer formulation. Air bubbles are introduced into GelMA solutions using a simple‐to‐implement method based on pulling/pushing the solution through a syringe. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (hASCs) cultured in bulk hydrogels (diameter c.a. 5 mm) show low permanence in the core of the materials and stain for factors associated to hypoxia (hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α)) after 7 days of culture. In opposition, cells cultured in optimized foams do not stain for HIF‐1α, show high permanence, homogeneous viability, and consistent phenotype in the whole depth of the biomaterials, while secreting increased amounts of regenerative growth factors to the surrounding medium.
Pyrolytic Carbon Nanograss Enhances Neurogenesis and Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Midbrain Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Asif Afia , García‐López Silvia , Heiskanen Arto , Martínez‐Serrano Alberto , Keller Stephan S. , Pereira Marta P. , Emnéus Jenny
Published: September 2020

Advancements in research on the interaction of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with nanotopographies and biomaterials are enhancing the ability to influence cell migration, proliferation, gene expression, and tailored differentiation toward desired phenotypes. Here, the fabrication of pyrolytic carbon nanograss (CNG) nanotopographies is reported and demonstrated that these can be employed as cell substrates boosting hNSCs differentiation into dopaminergic neurons (DAn), a long‐time pursued goal in regenerative medicine based on cell replacement. In the near future, such structures can play a crucial role in the near future for stem‐cell based cell replacement therapy (CRT) and bio‐implants for Parkinson's disease (PD). The unique combination of randomly distributed nanograss topographies and biocompatible pyrolytic carbon material is optimized to provide suitable mechano‐material cues for hNSCs adhesion, division, and DAn differentiation of midbrain hNSCs. The results show that in the presence of the biocoating poly‐L‐lysine (PLL), the CNG enhances hNSCs neurogenesis up to 2.3‐fold and DAn differentiation up to 3.5‐fold. Moreover, for the first time, consistent evidence is provided, that CNGs without any PLL coating are not only supporting cell survival but also lead to significantly enhanced neurogenesis and promote hNSCs to acquire dopaminergic phenotype compared to PLL coated topographies.
The Link between Ag‐Paste Rheology and Screen‐Printed Solar Cell Metallization
Authors: Tepner Sebastian , Wengenmeyr Noah , Linse Michael , Lorenz Andreas , Pospischil Maximilian , Clement Florian
Published: September 2020

Today's photovoltaic production chain is moving into a material crisis as the use of silver for front‐side metallization of passivated emitter and rear contact solar cells remains a crucial requirement. The shared effort of the scientific and industrial community to further reduce Ag‐consumption as much as possible without compromising cell efficiency has become more challenging in recent years. Further improvements require a deep understanding on the paste‐screen interaction at narrow line widths. This study presents the impact of Ag‐paste rheology on fine line screen printing for screen openings between 15 and 24 µm at industrial printing speeds of up to 600 mm s−1. A clear trade‐off is there between maintaining a sufficient reproducibility of the screen printing process and achieving an optimized printed Ag‐electrode geometry, thus optimal Ag‐consumption. Further, a correlation between the work of adhesion at the paste–wire interface and the resulting deviation of the printed electrode height is discovered, highlighting the importance of an advanced screen optimization for the future of fine line screen printing. Finally, an easy to use method for analyzing the reproducibility of printed Ag‐electrode geometries even for lab‐scale data sets is presented.