bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governance and tax revenue: does foreign aid matter?
Authors: Wen Jun , Farooq Umar , Tabash Mosab I. , El Refae Ghaleb A. , Subhani Bilal Haider
Published: December 2021

This study seeks to explores the relationship among governance, foreign aid, and tax revenue. A common notion on governance is that it is a multifaceted factor, it may affect from other factor that is foreign aid. Foreign aid can hamper the governance situation and thus can reduce tax collection. To test these theoretical assumptions, we collected the numerical data from Asian economies for the years 2001–2019 and employed the panel FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least square) test to estimate the regression. The empirical findings first reveal that governance and foreign aid have a positive association with tax revenue in the long run. However, a negative trend in tax collection was observed following the interaction of foreign aid and governance. Foreign aid deteriorates the governance situation, which has a negative spillover impact on tax revenue. Our empirical analysis suggests that policy officials should focus on exercising governance and foreign aid effectiveness to meet the objective of more tax collection.

Points for practitioners

Policy officials should focus on better governance exercises. They should carefully decide on the volume of foreign aid receipts. However, if it becomes necessary to receive foreign aid, then they should focus on aid effectiveness. Such steps can benefit the practitioners to collect more tax.
Daily Self-Leadership and Playful Work Design: Proactive Approaches of Work in Times of Crisis
Authors: Bakker Arnold B. , Breevaart Kimberley , Scharp Yuri S. , de Vries Juriena D.
Published: December 2021

This study investigates how employees may use proactive work strategies to satisfy their basic psychological needs during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We use self-determination theory to hypothesize that daily self-leadership (e.g., goal setting, constructive cognition) and playful work design (PWD; redesigning work to be more fun/challenging) satisfy basic psychological needs and facilitate job performance. We also predict that the use of these proactive strategies is particularly important when individuals ruminate a lot about the COVID-19 crisis. Daily diary data collected among a heterogeneous group of employees largely confirm these theoretical predictions. For organizational practitioners, this study thus suggests that it is important to encourage employees to be proactive. Although this may be challenging during crises, leaders could provide autonomy and feedback to foster self-leadership and PWD. In addition, organizations may offer training interventions so that employees learn to apply these proactive work strategies.
From production to reproduction: Pension strikes and changing characteristics of workers’ collective action in China
Authors: Hui Elaine Sio-ieng , Chan Chris King-chi
Published: December 2021

Workers in the global South are becoming increasingly sensitive to their pension rights. In recent years, rural migrant workers in China have staged a series of protests to fight for pension protection. Drawing from two in-depth case studies conducted in the Pearl River Delta, we explain why workers staged pension strikes, what these protests looked like, how the employers and the government responded, and how these protests differed from previous strikes. Building upon insights from the sociology of collective action and labour process theory, we formulate a new framework for examining labour protests. In addition to seeing workers’ collective action as defensive or offensive, this framework helps us interpret these actions in relation to the spheres of production and reproduction. It classifies pension strikes in China as defensive actions located in the sphere of reproduction, which are distinct from previous strikes that were either defensive or offensive actions situated in the sphere of production. This synthesised framework assists us in theorising that workers’ protest activities, especially in the global South, are not restricted to the traditional production sphere but can also be found in the reproduction sphere.
Fetal Pain in the First Trimester
Authors: Thill Bridget
Published: December 2021

Fetal pain perception has important implications for fetal surgery, as well as for abortion. Current neuroscientific evidence indicates the possibility of fetal pain perception during the first trimester (<14 weeks gestation). Evidence for this conclusion is based on the following findings: (1) the neural pathways for pain perception via the cortical subplate are present as early as 12 weeks gestation, and via the thalamus as early as 7–8 weeks gestation; (2) the cortex is not necessary for pain to be experienced; (3) consciousness is mediated by subcortical structures, such as the thalamus and brainstem, which begin to develop during the first trimester; (4) the neurochemicals in utero do not cause fetal unconsciousness; and (5) the use of fetal analgesia suppresses the hormonal, physiologic, and behavioral responses to pain, avoiding the potential for both short- and long-term sequelae. As the medical evidence has shifted in acknowledging fetal pain perception prior to viability, there has been a gradual change in the fetal pain debate, from disputing the existence of fetal pain to debating the significance of fetal pain. The presence of fetal pain creates tension in the practice of medicine with respect to beneficence and nonmaleficence.
Ambivalence Resolution in Meaning Reconstruction Grief Therapy: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Braga Cátia , Batista João , Ferreira Helena , Sousa Inês , Gonçalves Miguel M.
Published: December 2021

In psychotherapy, ambivalence may be conceptualized as a conflict between two distinct motivations: one that is favorable to change (pro-change) and another that favors the maintenance of a problematic pattern (pro status quo). Previous studies identified two processes by which clients resolve this conflict: imposing the innovative part and silencing the problematic one (dominance), and establishing negotiations between the innovative and the pro status quo parts (negotiation). The present exploratory study examined ambivalence resolution in a sample of clients diagnosed with complicated grief. Results revealed that, in recovered cases, negotiation increases and dominance decreases from the beginning until the middle sessions of therapy and the opposite tendency is observed from the middle to the final sessions. Unchanged cases reveal an overall high proportion of dominance and an overall low proportion of negotiation. These results are partially divergent from those reported in previous studies with samples of clients diagnosed with major depression.
The Relationship Between the Fear of COVID-19 in the Elderly Aged 65 Years and Over and Their Levels of Adaptation to the “New Normal”: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Şentürk Sibel , Yıldırım Keskin Alev , Sarızayim Şule
Published: December 2021

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 in the elderly aged 65 years and over and their levels of adaptation to the “new normal.” This descriptive cross-sectional study was completed with 623 elderly individuals. It was determined that the individuals who adapted well to the “new normal” had high levels of adaptation to old age, while their levels of fear of COVID-19 were slightly above average ( p < 0.01). Elderly individuals have tried to adapt to the “new normal” while also experiencing fear of COVID-19. In order to minimize the fear experienced by the elderly during COVID-19, adequate support and psychological support should be provided.
Inter-Parental Conflict’s Persistent Effects on Adolescent Psychological Distress, Adjustment Issues, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Mushtaque Iqra , Rizwan Muhammad , Abbas Mazhar , Khan Azhar Abbas , Fatima Syeda Manal , Jaffri Qaiser Abbas , Mushtaq Rakhshanda , Hussain Siraj , Shabbir Syed Waqas , Naz Rozina , Muneer Kainat
Published: December 2021

The current study sought to ascertain the impact of inter-parent conflicts on teenage psychological distress, social and academic adjustment and examine the suicide ideation during the COVID-19. The results found to be alarming as 22% of the individuals displayed suicidal tendencies, with 9% having attempted suicide once, 4.6% having tried suicide twice, and 11% stating that they were likely to do so again. Therefore, the media and the government might host awareness programs and counseling initiatives to promote mental health and prevent suicidal behavior. Moreover, parents may be educated on community level, about the effect of inter-parental arguments on the mental health of their children.
Helping new teachers stay and thrive in rural schools
Authors: Brenner Devon , Azano Amy Price , Downey Jayne
Published: December 2021

Among the many challenges facing rural administrators, recruiting and retaining teachers is often at the top of the list. Given the time and energy they must invest to successfully attract, recruit, and hire a new teacher, there is a significant need to adopt strategies that will help to retain those new teachers. Rural administrators can support new teachers so that they stay — and thrive — in rural districts by connecting teachers with the community, supporting place-based practices in the classroom, and helping new teachers build relationships both in and out of school.
Nurturing STEM talent in rural setting
Authors: Lakin Joni M. , Stambaugh Tamra , Ihrig Lori M. , Mahatmya Duhita , Assouline Susan G.
Published: December 2021

Rural schools, especially smaller ones, offer enormous opportunities for teachers to get to know their students and to cultivate their academic talents. However, students with potential in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) face specific obstacles to having their talents fully realized in rural schools. Joni Lakin, Tamra Stambaugh, Lori Ihrig, Duhita Mahatmya, and Susan G. Assouline describe the STEM Excellence and Leadership project from the University of Iowa, which seeks to equip rural teachers in grades 5-8 with the skills and knowledge to recognize and grow STEM talent in rural areas. Examples of success and lessons learned are shared.
Putting rural communities at the center: A conversation with Sky Marietta
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: December 2021

Sky Marietta, co-author of Rural Education in America: What Works for Our Students, Teachers, and Communities, talks with Kappan about her experiences as a rural student, teacher, and scholar. She describes some of the misconceptions about rural schools and communities and shares some of the assets of living and going to school in a rural environment. As an advocate for a more rural-centered approach to education improvement, she urges researchers, funders, policy makers to learn more about these communities and partner with them to develop leaders within the community.
Washington view: Federal stimulus packages: Act II
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: December 2021

As education leaders are making plans for how to use American Rescue Plan funds, Maria Ferguson considers what lessons they might learn from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009. Like the tranches of funding being provided to schools as COVID relief, the ARRA funds were meant to help schools grapple with a national crisis, in that case the Great Recession. To receive funds, states had to commit to certain reforms that aligned with President Barack Obama’s education agenda. However, the funds were not enough to enable state, district, and school leaders to accomplish the desired goals, and the political heat generated by the Common Core State Standards didn’t help. Today’s funds come with more flexibility than in the ARRA era, but, once again, money may not be enough to accomplish what’s needed.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Brenner Devon
Published: December 2021

In this monthly column, Kappan authors discuss books and articles that have informed their views on education. Devon Brenner recommends The Bloomsbury Handbook of Rural Education in the United States edited by Amy Price Azano, Karen Eppley, and Catharine Biddle. Joni Lakin recommends How Schools Really Matter: Why Our Assumption About Schools and Inequality Is Mostly Wrong by Douglas Downey.
Parliamentary Representation: Should MPs Prioritise Their Own Views or Those of Their Voters?
Authors: Trumm Siim , Barclay Andrew
Published: December 2021

The 2016 European Union referendum revealed fundamental divisions in British politics and society more broadly. It also raised key questions around representation and the role of Members of Parliament. Should they follow their own judgement or their constituents’ preferences when the two are not aligned? This study uses data from the Representative Audit of Britain Survey to examine what parliamentary candidates believe the answer to this question should be. We find that most candidates expect Members of Parliament to prioritise their own views. This belief is particularly prevalent among incumbents and those who do not think of Members of Parliament as career politicians. We also find a gender effect as male candidates are more likely to think that Members of Parliament should prioritise their own views than female candidates. Interestingly, however, there is no evidence of a Brexit effect when we compare the views of 2015 and 2017 general election candidates.
The Impact of Social Network Site Use on Young Adult Development: Extending the Research Beyond Time Use and Considering the Role of Self-Disclosure Motivations
Authors: O’Donnell Karlee J. , Stuart Jaimee , Barber Bonnie L.
Published: December 2021

Young adults spend a good deal of time using social network sites (SNSs), and the consequences of this activity have come under considerable scrutiny in research. There is some evidence that SNSs offer a context for young adults to engage in self-disclosure, and that such behavior may contribute to their development. In the current study, self-disclosure motivations were explored as a moderator of the relationship between SNS time use and indicators of adjustment. It was hypothesized that the relationships between SNS time use and three indicators of young adult adjustment (belonging, self-concept clarity, and flourishing) would be moderated by self-disclosure motivations. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey of 524 young adults aged 17–25 years (Mean age = 19.75; SD = 2.16) who used at least one social network site daily (Mean hours of daily use = 3.25; SD = 1.67). The relationships between SNS time use and both belonging and flourishing were moderated by self-disclosure motivations. Specifically, when participants were low or moderately motivated to self-disclose (for relationship maintenance or self-presentation purposes) SNS time use was negatively related to belonging and flourishing. Whereas when participants were highly motivated to self-disclose there was no significant relationship between SNS time use and belonging and SNS time use and flourishing. Additionally, there was no significant moderation of the relationship between SNS time use and self-concept clarity. Based on these findings, we recommend that in order for young adults to reap potential benefits of spending time online they should endeavor to use SNSs for purposes that promote positive self and relational development.
Language Teachers as Materials Developers
Authors: Li Jiao , Gao Xuesong (Andy) , Cui Xuehai
Published: December 2021

This report reviews studies on language teachers as materials developers in language education, particularly focusing on how language teachers act as materials users, materials analysts, and materials designers when engaging with language learning and teaching materials. We contend that the three dimensions of materials development – that is, materials use, materials analysis, and materials design – intersect with one another, and that language teachers play a critical role in all three. Therefore, this review concludes with a research agenda that centres on language teachers as materials developers to expand our understanding of their roles in materials development.
Entrepreneurship and Labor Absorption: Blacks and Whites in Northern U.S. Cities During the Great Depression
Authors: Boyd Robert L.
Published: December 2021

An extensive literature on newly developing societies shows that the urban economy's entrepreneurial sector can absorb a sizable share of persons who are unemployed and searching for work. Surprisingly, however, little research on the United States has examined entrepreneurship's labor absorption capacity. The present study fills this gap by analyzing Blacks and Whites in northern U.S. cities during the Great Depression, a time of widespread joblessness, particularly among Blacks. The results suggest that, if not for Blacks’ uniquely severe resource deprivation, Black entrepreneurship could have absorbed a large number of jobless Blacks. Labor absorption estimates, calculated with 1940 Census data, indicate that one-third of the Black-White unemployment difference is attributable to racial inequality of entrepreneurial outcomes. This historical evidence advances social-scientific understanding of racial inequality during the Great Depression and informs a longstanding debate about the merits of promoting Black business ownership as a strategy for improving Blacks’ labor market prospects.
Application of augmented reality in museums – Factors influencing the learning motivation and effectiveness
Authors: Chen Chun-An , Lai Hsin-I
Published: December 2021

Technology advancement has led to the successful and broad application of augmented reality approach in museums. Several literature works have supported the influence of augmented reality in education. However, relatively few studies have been carried out on augmented reality in museum and relevant educational influence. Thus, this study aims to identify educational effectiveness by employing augmented reality in museum and conducting research and analysis on related theories and empirical evidence. In this context, the research is based on the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of relevant literature. Further, integrate them into a functional research prototype and framework to acknowledge the positive influence between the visitors’ acceptance, employ augmented reality in museum, and increase learning motivation. Also, the mutual positive relationship between learning motivation and learning effectiveness will be realized. The consequences of mutual effect among all the variables in this study have convinced the relationship of intermediary influence between augmented reality in museum and learning effectiveness.
Development of the Auto-Fit Dial and its application to protective vests
Authors: Ryu Jaewook , Park Sujin , Koo Sumin Helen , Lee Giuk
Published: December 2021

This study proposes the Auto-Fit Dial, which is suitable for high-speed fitting; it includes a function that can wind wire at high speed using an energy storage–release mechanism. The Auto-Fit Dial can store energy in advance in the spiral spring via the rotation of the knob cover, and it releases the stored energy to wind the wire when required by pushing the knob cover. Firstly, the concept design and working principle of the Auto-Fit Dial are explained. Next, a detailed design and structural stability analysis of the mechanical components are described based on the design formula and finite-element analysis. An Auto-Fit Dial prototype is manufactured according to the detailed design with the weight, diameter, and height of 9.7 g, 30.5 mm, and 16.7 mm, respectively. The maximum number of rotations is 5.2 turns, which can wind a wire up to a length of 320 mm. The pulling force applied when the Auto-Fit Dial pulls the wire is initially measured as 5.10 N. The time required to wind a 320 mm wire is 0.015 s, which results in an average speed of 21.33 m/s. Moreover, the Auto-Fit Sleeve is fabricated and applied to the arm sleeve to verify the utility of the Auto-Fit Dial, which combines wire and fabric. Finally, the Auto-Fit Vest is developed by applying a protective vest to the Auto-Fit Dial.
Material description for textile draping simulation: data structure, open data exchange formats and system for automatic analysis of experimental series
Authors: Kyosev Yordan
Published: December 2021

The simulative development of clothing and other textile products requires a complete set of material parameters to be provided. Currently, different simulation software providers users with different values and formats for these parameters. This paper provides an overview about the most important values and proposed structures for storing both the raw data and the extracted parameters. The structure is implemented in both JSON and XML formats, allowing integration in proven formats for three-dimensional worlds such as gltf and x3d. Finally, a structure for organization of the raw data of the testing devices is described. Following this structure allows automatic processing, normalization and extraction of the parameters in short time. The goal of the paper is to simplify and unify the exchange of material parameters for textile fabrics.
A Methodological Note: An Introduction to Autoregressive Models
Authors: Burant Christopher J.
Published: December 2021

The autoregressive model is a useful tool to analyze longitudinal data. It is particularly suitable for gerontological research as autoregressive models can be used to establish the causal relationship within a single variable over time as well as the causal ordering between two or more variables (e.g., physical health and psychological well-being) over time through bivariate autoregressive cross-lagged or contemporaneous models. Specifically, bivariate autoregressive models can explore the cross-lagged effects between two variables over time to determine the proper causal ordering between these variables. The advantage of analyzing cross-lagged effects is to test for the strength of prediction between two variables controlling for each variable's previous time score as well as the autoregressive component of the model. Bivariate autoregressive contemporaneous models can also be used to determine causal ordering within the same time point when compared to cross-lagged effects. Since the technique uses structural equation modeling, models are also adjusted for measurement error. This paper will present an introduction to setting up models and a step-by-step approach to analyzing univariate simplex autoregressive models, bivariate autoregressive cross-lagged models, and bivariate autoregressive contemporaneous models.
Carcinoma Showing Thymus-like Differentiation (CASTLE) with Synchronous Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Hsu Yuan-Chin , Hsueh Chuen , Lin Wan-Ni , Tsai Tsung-You , Hung Shih-Yuan , Lu Yi-An
Published: December 2021

Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare malignant tumor that accounts for 0.1%–0.15% of all thyroid cancers. More than half of the patients have tumor extension to adjacent organs, including the recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, and esophagus. The diagnosis of CASTLE is based on histology and immunohistochemistry. A 58-year-old female patient complained of hoarseness for one and half years. Right side vocal cord palsy was diagnosed by fiberscopy. Thyroid sonography revealed right thyroid tumors, which were reported to be papillary thyroid carcinoma through FNAC. Total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection was performed. Pathologist found 2 isolated malignancy tumors. One patient in the right thyroid lobe had papillary thyroid carcinoma features. The other extrathyroid tumor seemed to be separated from the first tumor and invaded the thyroid capsule. After multiple immunohistochemical studies, PTC synchronous CASTLE was the final diagnosis. Coexisting PTC and CASTLE is very rare. This is the first report to describe a case showing PTC at first, while subsequent pathologic examination revealed the presence of CASTLE in addition to PTC. Since the prognosis of CASTLE is favorable, the treatment is different from other aggressive thyroid cancers, such as poorly differentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Parenting Behavior and Adolescent Affect: Bidirectionality and the Role of Gender
Authors: Seely Hayley D. , Pössel Patrick
Published: December 2021

Parents play an important role in adolescent mental health. Yet, research is inconclusive regarding the influence of adolescent affect on parenting behavior. This study examined the bidirectionality between five parenting behaviors and adolescent depressive symptoms—conceptualized by the tripartite model as low positive affect and high negative affect—while investigating gender differences. Adolescents ( N = 193) from a Southern United States high school reported their parent’s parenting behavior and their affect twice over a year. Linear regression results revealed relations between parenting behaviors and adolescent affect in both directions. However, when examining the relation between specific parenting behaviors (e.g., involvement) and adolescent affect (e.g., negative affect), results showed unidirectional effects only. Furthermore, significant gender differences emerged. These findings underline the importance of considering the relation between parenting behavior and adolescent affect as bidirectional and with differential associations depending on the parenting behavior and adolescent affect and gender.
The Council for Exceptional Children, Division of Emotional and Behavioral Health’s Position Statement on Solitary Confinement
Authors: Gagnon Joseph Calvin , Kern Lee , Mathur Sarup R.
Published: December 2021

This document, from the Council for Exceptional Children, Division of Emotional and Behavioral Health (DEBH), provides clear and compelling support for the abolishment of solitary confinement with incarcerated youth and young adults in juvenile and adult correctional facilities. This is the first position statement from DEBH on the topic, and the information includes (a) a definition of solitary confinement, (b) discussion of its use, (c) an explanation of the impacts of solitary confinement on youth, (d) identification of systemic issues that perpetuate the use of solitary confinement, (e) an examination of U.S. laws concerning the use of solitary confinement, (f) a declaration of principles, and (g) recommendations for policy and practice.
Does the Internet Make the World Worse? Depression, Aggression and Polarization in the Social Media Age
Authors: Ferguson Christopher J.
Published: December 2021

Since the 1990s, the influence of the internet and social media in daily communication has skyrocketed. This has brought both remarkable opportunities and perceived perils. Recent years have seen increases in suicide and mental health concerns, political polarization, and online aggression. Can such phenomenon be connected causally to communication via social media? This article reviews the evidence for perceived deleterious effects of social media on several areas of human welfare, including political polarization, depression and suicide, aggression, and cyberbullying. In addition to examining contemporary evidence from psychological studies, a historical analysis is included to examine whether we truly live in a uniquely difficult time or whether similar patterns of social behavior can be witnessed in other, pre-internet times. It is concluded that evidence may link social media to some negative social outcomes but in ways that are nuanced and complicated, often interacting with user motivations and personalities and situational variables. An increased focus on preregistered, standardized scientific methods and cautious interpretation of effect sizes can help clarify real versus phantom effects of social media.
Effects of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Chen Yuting , Li Hongyan , Li Hong
Published: December 2021

Objective

To perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).

Methods

This meta-analysis included randomized controlled clinical trials identified by a systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed®, MEDLINE®, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from inception to August 2020. All studies included patients with HT that received vitamin D supplementation irrespective of the doses administered or the duration of treatment. The primary and secondary outcome measures were thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) titres.

Results

Eight studies ( n = 652) were included. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies. Using a random-effect model, vitamin D supplementation reduced TPOAb titre (standardized mean difference [SMD]: –1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1–1.92, –0.29) and TGAb titre (SMD: –1.12; 95% CI: –1.96, –0.28). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation for >3 months resulted in a decrease in TPOAb titre (SMD: –1.66, 95% CI: –2.91, –0.41) but treatment ≤3 months was ineffective. Treatment with vitamin D3 decreased TPOAb titre (SMD: –1.48; 95% CI: –2.53, –0.42) whereas vitamin D did not.

Conclusion

These data suggest that vitamin D reduces autoantibody titre in patients with HT.
Refusing relocation: Urban street vendors and the problem of the neoliberal device
Authors: Mizes James Christopher
Published: December 2021

In 2010, the City of Dakar published its new master plan for a clean, competitive, modern city. This plan entailed the relocation of thousands of walking street vendors to free up traffic circulation and reduce the economic costs of congestion. Unlike previous relocations, this program required the political participation of vendor associations in the planning and design of a new commercial center. It also required the vendors to pay user charges: monthly payments for the use of the center and its utilities. Yet most Dakar's street vendors unequivocally refused to relocate, citing the building's poor location, bad design, and high price. Such user charges have become a contentious device with which governments across the world are financing the provision of public services. In this article, I analyze the politics of this device by tracing the linkages from Dakar's relocation program back to the political philosophies of prominent intellectuals commonly associated with “neoliberalism.” In doing so, I reveal how popular refusal is not beyond or opposed to a depoliticizing neoliberalism, but instead forms an integral part of neoliberal reflections on popular politics. I conclude by analyzing the political effects of this neoliberal device in Dakar: it introduced a new style of political engagement—consumption—through which individual vendors could dispute their relocation. And this individualized refusal to consume incited their representative associations to extend a popular mode of valuation—negotiation—into the calculation of the building's price.
Rentierism and the commons: A critical contribution to Brett Christophers’ Rentier Capitalism
Authors: Karakilic Emrah
Published: December 2021

In recent years, we have seen an increasing number of publications that offer the term of rentierism to define the current economic system in the Global North. More recently, Brettt Christophers has produced a series of work that aims to account for the ascendancy of rentierism from a political-economy perspective, in which Marx is mostly neglected. This exchange article aims to bring the Marx and Marxist thought back into discussion to read rentierism politically. In particular, it inquiries into how rentierism relates to the nature of class relations by addressing an “open secret”, namely that rentierism rests essentially on the enclosure and expropriation of commons. It analyses rentierism as capital's counter-movement, enforcing its priorities and drives on spaces where alternative social systems emerge and develop. In the final part, a provocative conclusive remark is offered on Christophers’ “what is to be done?”.
A generalized computational approach to predict high-frequency acoustic pressure response of cavity structures for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades
Authors: Traylor Caleb , Inalpolat Murat
Published: December 2021

This paper details the development of a generalized computational approach that enables prediction of cavity-internal sound pressure distribution due to flow-generated noise at high frequencies. The outcomes of this research is of particular interest for development of an acoustics-based structural health monitoring system for wind turbine blades. The methodology builds from existing reduced-order aeroacoustic modeling techniques and ray tracing based geometrical acoustics and is demonstrated on the model NREL 5 MW wind turbine blade as a case study. The computational predictions demonstrated that damage could be successfully detected in the first half of the blade cavity near the root and that the change in frequency content may be indicative of the type of damage that has occurred. This study provides a foundation to analyze specific blades and likely damage cases for determining key factors of system design such as number and placement of sensors as well as for hardware selection.
A multidisciplinary perioperative medicine clinic to improve high-risk patient outcomes: A service evaluation audit
Authors: Fullbrook Aidan I , Redman Elizabeth P , Michaels Kerry , Woods Lisa R , Moorthy Aruntha , Thorne Katie , Dalley Paul , Rogers Nicolas W
Published: December 2021

Various perioperative interventions have been demonstrated to improve outcomes for high-risk patients undergoing surgery. This audit assessed the impact of introducing a multidisciplinary perioperative medicine clinic on postoperative outcomes and resource usage amongst high-risk patients.

Between January 2019 and March 2020, our institution piloted a Comprehensive High-Risk Surgical Patient Clinic. Surgical patients were eligible for referral when exhibiting criteria known to increase perioperative risk. The patient’s decision whether to proceed with surgery was recorded; for those proceeding with surgery, perioperative outcomes and bed occupancy were recorded and compared against a similar surgical population identified as high-risk at our institution in 2017.

Of 23 Comprehensive High-Risk Surgical Patient Clinic referrals, 11 did not proceed with the original planned surgery. Comprehensive High-Risk Surgical patients undergoing original planned surgery, as compared to high-risk patients from 2017, experienced reduced unplanned intensive care unit admission (8% versus 19%, respectively), 30-day mortality (0% versus 13%) and 30-day re-admission to hospital (0% versus 20%); had shorter postoperative lengths of stay (median (range) 8 (7–14) days versus 10.5 (5–28)) and spent more days alive outside of hospital at 30 days (median (range) 18 (0–25) versus 21 (16–23)). Cumulatively, the Comprehensive High-Risk Surgical patient cohort compared to the 2017 cohort (both n=23) occupied fewer postoperative intensive care (total 13 versus 24) and hospital bed-days (total 106 versus 212).

The results of our Comprehensive High-Risk Surgical Patient pilot project audit suggest improved individual outcomes for high-risk patients proceeding with surgery. In addition, the results support potential resource savings through more appropriate patient selection.
Anaesthetic choice for hip or knee arthroplasty in New Zealand: Risk of postoperative death and variations in use
Authors: Gurney Jason K , McLeod Melissa A , Campbell Douglas , Dennett Elizabeth , Jackson Sarah , Koea Jonathan , Lash Nicholas , Ongley Dick
Published: December 2021

Anaesthetic choice for large joint surgery can impact postoperative outcomes, including mortality. The extent to which the impact of anaesthetic choice on postoperative mortality varies within patient populations and the extent to which anaesthetic choice is changing over time remain under-explored both internationally and in the diverse New Zealand context. In a national study of 199,211 hip and knee replacement procedures conducted between 2005 and 2017, we compared postoperative mortality among those receiving general, regional or general plus regional anaesthesia. Focusing on unilateral ( n=86,467) and partial ( n=13,889) hip replacements, we assessed whether some groups within the population are more likely to receive general, regional or general plus regional anaesthesia than others, and whether mortality risk varies depending on anaesthetic choice. We also examined temporal changes in anaesthetic choice over time. Those receiving regional alone or general plus regional for unilateral hip replacement appeared at increased risk of 30-day mortality compared to general anaesthesia alone, even after adjusting for differences in terms of age, ethnicity, deprivation, rurality, comorbidity, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score and admission type (e.g. general plus regional: adjusted hazard ratio (adj. HR)=1.94, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.32 to 2.84). By contrast, we observed lower 30-day mortality among those receiving regional anaesthesia alone compared to general alone for partial hip replacement (adj. HR=0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97). The latter observation contrasts with declining temporal trends in the use of regional anaesthesia alone for partial hip replacement procedures. However, we recognise that postoperative mortality is one perioperative factor that drives anaesthetic choice.
A report on virtual ‘Can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate’ conference workshops at the 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Rees Kim A , O’Halloran Luke J , Fitzsimons Kathryn M , Woonton Hamish DJ , Whittaker Suzanne C , Pedley James F , Ahmed Hussein , Marshall Stuart D
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound implications for continuing medical education. Travel restrictions, lockdowns and social distancing in an effort to curb spread have meant that medical conferences have been postponed or cancelled. When the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists made the decision to commit to a fully virtual 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting, the organising committee investigated the viability of presenting a virtual ‘Can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate’ workshop. A workshop was designed comprising a lecture, case scenario discussion and demonstration of emergency front-of-neck access techniques broadcast from a central hub before participants separated into Zoom® (Zoom Video Communications, San Jose, CA, USA) breakout rooms for hands-on practice, guided by facilitators working virtually from their own home studios. Kits containing equipment including a 3D printed larynx, cannula, scalpel and bougie were sent to workshop participants in the weeks before the meeting. Participants were asked to complete pre- and post-workshop surveys. Of 42 participants, 32 responded, with the majority rating the workshop ‘better than expected’. All except two respondents felt the workshop met learning objectives. Themes of positive feedback included being impressed with the airway model, the small group size, content and delivery. Feedback focused on previously unperceived advantages of virtual technical skills workshops, including convenience, equitable access and the reusable airway model. Disadvantages noted by respondents included lack of social interaction, inability to trial more expensive airway equipment, and some limitations of the ability of facilitators to review participants’ technique. Despite limitations, in our experience, virtual workshops can be planned with innovative solutions to deliver technical skills education successfully.
Influence of fibre alignments on the mechanical properties of novel Spirograph based non-woven mat composites
Authors: Prabakaran Madavan , Arjunan Siddharthan
Published: December 2021

Fibre architecture of glass fibre (GF) reinforced polymer composites has a major impact on the mechanical properties for structural applications. In this study, a novel continuous glass fibre non-woven GF mat based on Spirograph art pattern is laid using a customized mechanical system. Spirograph-based continuous glass fibre non-woven (SNW) mat of different patterns was prepared and GF laminate epoxy composites were fabricated with the aim of achieving quasi-isotropic mechanical properties. The samples were cut to dimensions of test specimens from various identical locations symmetrically from a circular-shaped SNW composite laminates which were subjected to flexural, impact, shear and modified compression with anti-buckling tests. One particular SNW pattern composite laminate exhibited 40.82% better impact and 49.01% better shear resistance than commercial 0°/90° woven roving mat composite. The developed SNW laminate composite had quasi-isotropic fibre orientation and better mechanical properties without any stitching and interlacing as in case of woven fibre laminate composite.
Building Culturally Competent Compassion in Nurses Caring for Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Hernandez Nathalya Casallas , Leal Liliana Marcela Reina , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: December 2021

Objective: To understand the process of building culturally competent compassion in nurses who care for vulnerable populations. Method: This is a qualitative study of a “single case study” type, developed with 18 nurses who worked in an emergency care unit in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between October 2020 and January 2021. Data collection was performed through individual online or one-to-one interviews, following a semi-structured script. Data were treated following thematic content analysis, proposed by Bardin. All ethical precepts were taken into account. Results: After data analysis, the following categories were created: a) Looking within: the recognition of cultural identity; b) Paths to be taken: from the gap to cultural knowledge; c) Attentive listening as essential nursing care; d) Culturally competent compassion as an infinite opportunity for growth. Final considerations: Culturally competent compassion is a subjective, complex, and essential construct in holistic nursing care. When implemented successfully, we gain a significant improvement in the quality of healthcare provided to patients and their families as well as a decrease in social inequality, and the protection of human rights.
Responsible innovation in health and health system sustainability: Insights from health innovators’ views and practices
Authors: Lehoux Pascale , Silva Hudson P , Rocha de Oliveira Robson , Sabio Renata P , Malas Kathy
Published: December 2021

Although healthcare managers make increasingly difficult decisions about health innovations, the way they may interact with innovators to foster health system sustainability remains underexplored. Drawing on the Responsible Innovation in Health (RIH) framework, this paper analyses interviews ( n=37) with Canadian and Brazilian innovators to identify: how they operationalize inclusive design processes; what influences the responsiveness of their innovation to system-level challenges; and how they consider the level and intensity of care required by their innovation. Our qualitative findings indicate that innovators seek to: 1) engage stakeholders at an early ideation stage through context-specific methods combining both formal and informal strategies; 2) address specific system-level benefits but often struggle with the positioning of their solution within the health system; and 3) mitigate staff shortages in specialized care, increase general practitioners’ capacity or patients and informal caregivers’ autonomy. These findings provide empirical insights on how healthcare managers can promote and organize collaborative processes that harness innovation towards more sustainable health systems. By adopting a RIH-oriented managerial role, they can set in place more inclusive design processes, articulate key system-level challenges, and help innovators adjust the level and intensity of care required by their innovation.
Data-driven probabilistic performance of Wire EDM: A machine learning based approach
Authors: Saha Subhankar , Gupta Kritesh Kumar , Maity Saikat Ranjan , Dey Sudip
Published: December 2021

The wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a potential alternative over the conventional machining methods, in terms of accuracy and ease in producing intricate shapes. However, the WEDM process parameters are exposed to unavoidable and unknown sources of uncertainties, following their inevitable influence over the process performance features. Thus, in the present work, we quantified the role of parametric uncertainty on the performance of the WEDM process. To this end, we used the practically relevant noisy experimental dataset to construct the four different machine learning (ML) models (linear regression, regression trees, support vector machines, and Gaussian process regression) and compared their goodness of fit based on the corresponding R2 and RMSE values. We further validated the prediction capability of the tested models by performing the error analysis. The model with the highest computational efficiency among the tested models is then used to perform data-driven uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis. The findings of the present article suggest that the pulse on time ( Ton) and peak current (IP) are the most sensitive parameters that influence the performance measures of the WEDM process. In this way, the current study achieves two goals: first, it proposes a predictive framework for determining the performance features of WEDM for unknown design points, and second, it reports data-driven uncertainty analysis in the light of parametric perturbations. The observations reported in the present article provide comprehensive computational insights into the performance characteristics of the WEDM process.
Localized forming limit analysis of substrate-supported metals: Influence of yield-dependent necking bound angle
Authors: Bandizaki Ali , Zajkani Asghar , Mouloodi Saeed
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the influence of functional elastomeric substrate-supported layers for enhancing potential resistance capability against localized plastic failure of advanced high strength steels is considered based on a localized necking model of vertex theory. Application of this structure leads to postponing the plastic instability of the metallic part. By defining diffuse and localized modes of deformation in a general framework, the theoretical models are developed to predict necking limits at several stress states. In addition, the results of the Hookean and neo-Hookean elastomers are compared in terms of strain hardening with the anisotropy parameter of Hill’s yield criteria. Since necking band angle (NBA) is a principal factor for the necking prediction, its effect on bifurcation events is evaluated specifically for different ratios of stress rate, and quadratic and non-quadratic yield criteria. This analysis is performed by proposing a supported and yield-dependent necking bound angle (YD-NBA). All considerations are done by providing equilibrium conditions governed over the NBA. Finally, obtained results indicate good agreements between several theoretical considerations and experimental data.