bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DIFFICULTY OF CONTEXTUAL PROBLEM SOLVING ON FLAT BUILDINGS MATERIAL BASED ON GENDER IN FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Fadhilah Rimma Bestari  , Sukartono
Published: May 2024

Problem solving difficulty is one of the difficulties experienced by students when choosing the correct strategy to obtain an answer. In general, problem solving problems are contextual in nature that are based on student reality. The difficulty of solving contextual problems, especially in flat building material, causes math subjects to be unpopular with students. In solving contextual problem solving problems, the ability of each student will be different which can be seen from gender differences, namely men and women. The goal of this study is to characterize the disparities in fifth-grade students at Gondang 1 State Elementary School as well as the challenges that male and female students face when attempting to solve contextual problems with flat shapes. Descriptive qualitative research is employed in this kind of study. Teachers and students in the fifth grade served as the research subjects. Semi-structured interviews, documentation, and observation were the methods of data collecting that were employed. Technique and source triangulation were employed in data validity methodologies. Data reduction, data visualization, and conclusion drafting are examples of data analysis approaches. The results showed that male students had difficulty developing a problem solving plan, difficulty counting, especially multiplication and division, difficulty checking or looking back at the results of the work and they were not accustomed to writing conclusions to the problems asked in the problem. Meanwhile, female students have difficulty operating multiplication and division, are less careful in checking back the results of work and are not accustomed to writing conclusions to the problems asked in the problem. The difference in the difficulty of solving contextual problems of flat building material between male and female students lies in the second stage, namely developing a problem-solving plan and the fourth stage, namely checking or looking back.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUGMENTED REALITY-BASED LEARNING MEDIA ON CIVICS SUBJECT TO INCREASE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Firgiyana Dinda , Arief Cahyo Utomo
Published: May 2024

This research is motivated by the low motivation of students to learn because the learning process tends to use traditional methods. The development of science and technology that is increasingly sophisticated can be utilized by teachers in using learning media. However, in reality, many teachers do not utilize the use of technology in teaching and learning activities. One of the media that can be used in the learning process is Augmented Reality-based media. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of Augmented Reality-based learning media to increase the learning motivation of VI grade students at SDN 01 Kenokorejo. This research employed a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design using Single-Group Interupted Time-Series Design. This type of design only uses one class, namely the test class. The sample involved 14 students consisting of: 10 male students and 4 female students. The instrument used was a learning motivation questionnaire. Data collection techniques were through observation and questionnaires,. Prerequisite tests, namely normality test and homogeneity test and homegity test (T-test) through SPSS was used as the data analysis technique. The results of the univariate normality test were 0.16, which means > from 0.05, the data was declared "Normal". The univariate homogeneity test was 0.804, which means > from 0.05, it was declared "Homogeneous Data" and the homogeneity test (T-test) was 0.000 <0.05. This shows that there is a significant influence on the difference in the results of the learning motivation questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that student learning motivation has increased. This is evident from the average score obtained by students from 68,14 to 83,92; so that the implementation of this learning media is effective in increasing student learning motivation.
DEVELOPING OF DIFFERENTIATED NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LEARNING TOOLS IN MERDEKA CURRICULUM IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Kharisma Ahmad Ipmawan , MZ A.F. Suryaning Ati , Putri Rossa Selfi Yuliana
Published: May 2024

One way to design and carry out a learning process based on student characteristics is with a differentiatio learning strategy. The differentiation learning strategy is a very important to implement in the 21st century. This research and development study aimed to develop a differentiated learning tool. The research subjects were fourth grade elementary school students. The 4D model with four stages (define, design, development, and dissemination) was used in this study. However, the implementation of this research was only limited to the development stage. The development of differentiated natural and social sciences learning tools aimed to produce ATP, teaching modules, teaching materials, student worksheets, and learning assessments which were valid, practical, and effective for use in elementary school students. The results indicated that ATP had a percentage of 91.5%, teaching modules with a percentage of 91%, teaching materials with a percentage of 93%, student worksheets with a percentage of 91.62%, and an assessment with a percentage of 91.12% so that the average was 91.64% with a valid category. Differentiated science and science learning tools can be used as learning tools in elementary schools with limited trial student response results of 91% and field trial student response results of 97%. So it can be concluded that the differentiated science and science learning tools developed are valid for use as learning tools in the student learning process in elementary schools.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PRACTICUM-BASED SETS MODELS TO IMPROVE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPTS
Authors: Nisa Zahirotun , Uswatun Din Azwar , Sutisnawati Astri , Amalia Arsyi Rizqia
Published: May 2024

This research aims to describe the implementation of the SETS model in improving concept understanding and describe the increase in concept understanding after learning using the SETS model. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR), the design used is the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model, implemented in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The participants in this research were 26 class V students at SDN 06 Cisande, consisting of 15 boys and 11 girls. Data collection techniques use observation and test techniques. The results of research on the application of the SETS model during the pre-cycle of teacher and student activities were 25% in the poor category. In cycle 1, teacher activities with an average score of 67% were in the good category, while student activities with an average score of 65% were in the good category. Then it increased in cycle II, teacher activity with an average score of 81 got the very good category and student activity with an average score of 80 got the very good category. The results of research on understanding pre-cycle concepts show completeness of 25%. Then it increased in cycle I to reach 50% completeness. Meanwhile, in cycle II, the results showed that completion reached 86%. Understanding of concepts taken from group practicum method scores, Pre-cycle UAS scores were only 25% in the good category, cycle I after applying the practicum-based SETS model was 58% in the quite good category. In cycle II it became 85% in the very good category. Based on these two cycles, it can be seen that there is an increase in teacher and student activity as well as students' understanding of concepts by implementing the practicum-based SETS model.
Perbandingan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa melalui Auditory Intellectualy Repetition dan Student Teams Achievement Division
Authors: Ridia Noni Siti , Afriansyah Ekasatya Aldila
Published: May 2024

Kondisi pembelajaran saat ini cenderung kurang melibatkan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran meskipun siswa tampak mengikuti pembelajaran matematika dengan baik serta kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa masih tergolong rendah. Strategi yang dapat melibatkan siswa dan meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman dalam pembelajaran diantaranya model pembelajaran Auditory Intellectually Repetition dan Student Teams Achievement Division. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Nonequivalent control group design. Sampel penelitian yang diambil sebanyak 59 orang dari dua kelas, yaitu kelas VII-D menggunakan model pembelajaran Auditory Intellectually Repetition sebanyak 29 orang dan kelas VII-E menggunakan model pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Division sebanyak 30 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis dan angket skala sikap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran Auditory Intellectually Repetition tidak lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division.
The current learning conditions tend to involve fewer students in the learning process even though students seem to follow mathematics learning well and the students' mathematical understanding ability is still relatively low. Strategies that can involve students and improve the ability to understand in learning include the Auditory Intellectually Repetition learning model and Student Teams Achievement Division. This research method uses quasi-experimental research with Nonequivalent control group design. The research sample was taken as many as 59 people from two classes, namely class VII-D using the Auditory Intelligence Repetition learning model as many as 29 people and class VII-E using 30 students Teams Achievement Division learning model. The instrument used is a mathematical understanding ability test and attitude scale questionnaire. The results showed that the students' mathematical comprehension ability who received the Auditory Intellectually Repetition learning model was no better than the students who received the cooperative learning model of Student Teams Achievement Division.
Eksplorasi Penalaran Logis Calon Guru Matematika Melalui Pengintegrasian Pendekatan STEM dalam Menyelesaikan Soal
Authors: Utomo Edy Setiyo , Rahman Fatchiyah , Fikrati Ama Noor
Published: May 2024

Rendahnya kemampuan penalaran menjadi penyebab rendahnya prestasi matematika. Diperlukan solusi, diantaranya STEM. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi penalaran logis calon guru matematika melalui pengintegrasian pendekatan STEM dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika. Jenis penelitian yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah seorang mahasiswa calon guru matematika yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian meliputi utama dan pendukung yaitu TPL dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, interpretasi data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek melakukan eksplorasi software Geogebra untuk mengidentifikasi informasi yang diperlukan sesuai pengetahuan yang dimiliki. Subjek juga melakukan beberapa teknik mengoperasikan aplikasi Geogebra, seperti dilatasi dan refleksi. Selanjutnya subjek menekankan beberapa titik-titik koordinat selama membuat grafik fungsi yang ditunjukkan software Geogebra untuk membuktikan jawabannya melalui subtistusi setiap titik-titiknya. Subjek meyakini kebenaran hasil yang ditunjukkan pada Geogebra. Pengintegrasian teknologi dalam setiap matakuliah diperlukan agar mahasiswa dapat mengembangkan penalaran logis dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika.
The low reasoning ability is the reason for low mathematical achievement. A solution is needed, including STEM. This research has aimed to explore the logical reasoning of mathematics teacher candidate through integrating the STEM approach in solving a math problem in a task. This research uses descriptive qualitative. The subject of this research is the students of the mathematics education program of STKIP PGRI Jombang. These research instruments involve main and supportive that consist of TPL and interview. In analyzing data, it consists of reduction data, presentation data, interpretation data, and conclusion. The result of this research shows that the subject does exploration through "Geogebra" to identify the information which is appropriate with its knowledge. The subject also does several techniques in operating "Geogebra", such as dilated and reflection. Moreover, the subject emphasizes several coordinate points while making a graphic of function which is shown in "Geogebra", because it is suitable for things that have already done in a worksheet. Integrating technology in each course is needed so that students can develop logical reasoning in solving mathematical problems.
Think Pair Share sebagai Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
Authors: Latifah Syintia Siti , Luritawaty Irena Puji
Published: May 2024

Diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan pencapaian kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yang masih rendah, misalnya menggunakan model pembelajaran tipe Think Pair Share. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui peningkatan dan seberapa jauh kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dapat meningkat dengan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share. Metode penelitian yaitu kuasi eksperimen, dengan populasi siswa kelas VIII di satu SMP di Kabupaten Garut. Sampel yaitu kelas VIII-A sejumlah 33 siswa, dipilih berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen berupa soal tes uraian kemampuan pemecahan masalah diujikan sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran. Hasil analisis data pada kelas Think Pair Share menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis berkategori sedang. Pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share terbukti cukup efektif meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa.
Efforts are needed to improve the achievement of mathematical problem-solving abilities that are still low, for example using the Think Pair Share type of learning model. The purpose of this research is to find out how much improvement and how much the students' mathematical problem-solving ability increases through the Think Pair Share learning model. The research method is quasi-experimental, with a population of eighth grade students in one junior high school in Garut Regency. The sample is class VIII-A with 33 students, selected based on purposive sampling technique. Instruments in the form of test questions describing problem-solving abilities were tested before and after learning. The results of data analysis in the Think Pair Share class showed an increase in the ability to solve mathematical problems in the medium category. Cooperative learning Think Pair Share type proved effective enough to improve students' mathematical problem-solving abilities.
Interaksi Gaya Mengajar dan Konten Matematika sebagai Faktor Penentu Kecemasan Matematika
Authors: Kusmaryono Imam , Ulia Nuhyal
Published: May 2024

Matematika merupakan pelajaran yang tidak banyak disukai orang, yang memancing sikap negatif dan menyebabkan pengalaman kegagalan. Salah satu faktor kegagalan adalah adanya kecemasan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki seberapa besar dampak gaya mengajar guru terhadap kecemasan matematika pada siswa jurusan IPA dan IPS serta menyelidiki adanya interaksi antara konten matematika dan gaya mengajar guru dalam menentukan tingkat kecemasan matematika siswa. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Ex Post Facto Design. Melalui teknik random sampling diperoleh sampel 30 siswa kelas X-IPA dan 30 siswa kelas X-IPS. Pengumpulan data melalui angket survey yang berisi 30 item kecemasan matematika dimana siswa merespons dengan skala Likert 1-5. Data dianalisis melalui uji statistic Anova dua arah dengan interaksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Gaya mengajar guru dengan Problem Based Learning memiliki dampak yang besar terhadap penurunan kecemasan matematika pada siswa di semua jurusan IPA dan IPS, secara statistik signifikan (p < 0,05) dan secara praktis signifikan dengan dampak (efek) masing-masing d = 0,84 dan d = 0,55, dan (2) Terdapat interaksi yang berarti antara konten matematika dan gaya mengajar guru dalam menentukan tingkat kecemasan matematika dengan signifikasi (p < 0,05).
Mathematics is a lesson that is not much liked by people, which provokes a negative attitude and causes the experience of failure. One of the failure factors is anxiety. The main objective of this study is to investigate how much the impact of teacher teaching style on mathematics anxiety in students majoring in Natural Sciences and Social Sciences and investigate the interaction between mathematics content and teacher teaching style in determining the level of student mathematics anxiety. This research design uses Ex Post Facto Design. Through random sampling techniques obtained a sample of 30 students of X-IPA class and 30 students of X-IPS class. Data collection through a survey questionnaire containing 30 items of mathematical anxiety to which students responded with a Likert scale of 1-5. Data were analyzed through two-way Anova statistical tests with interactions. The results showed (1) The teaching style of teachers with Problem Based Learning had a large impact on the reduction of mathematics anxiety in students in all majors of Natural Sciences and Social Sciences, statistically significant (p <0.05) and practically significant with their respective effects (effects) - d = 0.84 and d = 0.55, and (2) There is a significant interaction between mathematics content and teacher teaching style in determining the level of mathematics anxiety with significance (p <0.05).
Efektifitas Model Problem Based Learning dan Model Group Investigation dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Anti Korupsi
Authors: Trisnawati Nika F , Sundari
Published: May 2024

Pendidikan anti korupsi merupakan salah satu cara mencegah perilaku korupsi sejak dini, kesuksesan dalam membangun karakter mahasiswa merupakan salah satu indikator kesuksesan dalam membangun Negara. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keefektifan peningkatan karakter anti korupsi pada proses pembelajaran dengan melakukan penerapan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Group Investigation (GI), kemudian dibandingkan antara keefektifan pembelajaran PBL dan GI terhadap peningkatan karakter anti korupsi. Merupakan penelitian Quasi Experiment dengan Non-Equivalent Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa semester VI Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong dengan dua kelas sebagai sampel acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika menggunakan PBL maupun GI efektif meningkatkan karakter anti korupsi mahasiswa, dan berdasarkan uji T2 Hotelling’s menyatakan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara keduanya. Penelitian ini sangat berguna untuk mengetahui model-model pembelajaran yang efektif dalam menerapkan pendidikan karakter dalam perkuliahan di kelas.
Anti-corruption education is one way to prevent corrupt behavior from an early age, success in building student character is one indicator of success in developing the country. The research objective is to determine the effectiveness of increasing anti-corruption character in the learning process by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Group Investigation (GI) models, then comparing the effectiveness of PBL and GI learning towards improving anti-corruption character. This is a Quasi-Experimental study with Non-Equivalent Pretest-Posttest Design. The study population was all sixth-semester students of Mathematics Education at the University of Muhammadiyah Sorong with two classes as a random sample. The results showed that mathematics learning using PBL and GI was effective in enhancing students' anti-corruption character, and based on the Hotteling's T2 test stated that there was no difference between the two. This research is very useful to find out effective learning models in implementing character education in lectures in class.
Identification of Cinnamein, a Component of Balsam of Tolu/Peru, as a New Ligand of PPARα for Plaque Reduction and Memory Protection in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: McKay Mary , Gorai Sukhamoy , Paidi Ramesh K. , Mondal Susanta , Pahan Kalipada
Published: May 2024

Background:

Despite intense investigations, no effective treatment is yet available to reduce plaques and protect memory and learning in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, it is important to identify a non-toxic, but effective, treatment option for AD.

Objective:

Cinnamein, a nontoxic compound, is naturally available in Balsam of Peru and Tolu Balsam. We examined whether cinnamein treatment could decrease plaques and improve cognitive functions in 5XFAD mouse model of AD.

Methods:

We employed in silico analysis, time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer assay, thermal shift assay, primary neuron isolation, western blot, immunostaining, immunohistochemistry, Barnes maze, T maze, and open field behavior.

Results:

Oral administration of cinnamein led to significant reduction in amyloid-β plaque deposits in the brain and protection of spatial learning and memory in 5XFAD mice. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear hormone receptor, is involved in plaque lowering and increase in hippocampal plasticity. While investigating underlying mechanisms, we found that cinnamein served as a ligand of PPARα. Accordingly, oral cinnamein upregulated the level of PPARα, but not PPARβ, in the hippocampus, and remained unable to decrease plaques from the hippocampus and improve memory and learning in 5XFAD mice lacking PPARα. While A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is one of the drivers of nonamyloidogenic pathway, transcription factor EB (TFEB) is considered as the master regulator of autophagy. Cinnamein treatment was found to upregulate both ADAM10 and TFEB in the brain of 5XFAD mice via PPARα.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that this balsam component may have therapeutic importance in AD.
A Scoping Review of Alzheimers Disease Hypotheses: An Array of Uni- and Multi-Factorial Theories
Authors: Duchesne Simon , Rousseau Louis-Simon , Belzile-Marsolais Florence , Welch Laurie-Ann , Cournoyer Béatrice , Arseneau Marianne , Lapierre Véronick , Poulin Sara-Maude , Potvin Olivier , Hudon Carol
Published: May 2024

Background:

There is a common agreement that Alzheimers disease (AD) is inherently complex; otherwise, a general disagreement remains on its etiological underpinning, with numerous alternative hypotheses having been proposed.

Objective:

To perform a scoping review of original manuscripts describing hypotheses and theories of AD published in the past decades.

Results:

We reviewed 131 original manuscripts that fulfilled our inclusion criteria out of more than 13,807 references extracted from open databases. Each entry was characterized as having a single or multifactorial focus and assigned to one of 15 theoretical groupings. Impact was tracked using open citation tools.

Results:

Three stages can be discerned in terms of hypotheses generation, with three quarter of studies proposing a hypothesis characterized as being single-focus. The most important theoretical groupings were the Amyloid group, followed by Metabolism and Mitochondrial dysfunction, then Infections and Cerebrovascular. Lately, evidence towards Genetics and especially Gut/Brain interactions came to the fore.

Conclusions:

When viewed together, these multi-faceted reports reinforce the notion that AD affects multiple sub-cellular, cellular, anatomical, and physiological systems at the same time but at varying degree between individuals. The challenge of providing a comprehensive view of all systems and their interactions remains, alongside ways to manage this inherent complexity.
Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Identified in Veterans in the United States
Authors: Aguilar Byron J. , Jasuja Guneet K. , Li Xuyang , Shishova Ekaterina , Palacios Natalia , Berlowitz Dan , Morin Peter , O’Connor Maureen K. , Nguyen Andrew , Reisman Joel , Leng Yue , Zhang Raymond , Monfared Amir Abbas Tahami , Zhang Quanwu , Xia Weiming
Published: May 2024

Background:

Diagnostic codes can be instrumental for case identification in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research; however, this method has known limitations and cannot distinguish between disease stages. Clinical notes may offer more detailed information including AD severity and can complement diagnostic codes for case identification.

Objective:

To estimate prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD using diagnostics codes and clinical notes available in the electronic healthcare record (EHR).

Methods:

This was a retrospective study in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VAHS). Health records from Veterans aged 65 years or older were reviewed during Fiscal Years (FY) 2010–2019. Overall, 274,736 and 469,569 Veterans were identified based on a rule-based algorithm as having at least one clinical note for MCI and AD, respectively; 201,211 and 149,779 Veterans had a diagnostic code for MCI and AD, respectively. During FY 2011–2018, likely MCI or AD diagnosis was defined by≥2 qualifiers (i.e., notes and/or codes)≥30 days apart. Veterans with only 1 qualifier were considered as suspected MCI/AD.

Results:

Over the 8-year study, 147,106 and 207,225 Veterans had likely MCI and AD, respectively. From 2011 to 2018, yearly MCI prevalence increased from 0.9% to 2.2%; yearly AD prevalence slightly decreased from 2.4% to 2.1%; mild AD changed from 22.9% to 26.8%, moderate AD changed from 26.5% to 29.1%, and severe AD changed from 24.6% to 30.7%

Conclusions:

The relative distribution of AD severities was stable over time. Accurate prevalence estimation is critical for healthcare resource allocation and facilitating patients receiving innovative medicines.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with illness severity of maternal COVID-19
Authors: Sisman J. , Adhikari E.H. , Black L.F. , Weiss A. , Brown L.S. , Brion L.P.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Several reports demonstrated that perinatal SARS-CoV-2 has significant impact on maternal and neonatal health outcomes. However, the relationship between severity of maternal illness with outcomes remains less clear.

METHODS:

This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of mother/infant dyads with positive maternal test for SARS-CoV-2 between 14 days prior and 3 days after delivery from 3/30/2020 to 12/28/2021.

RESULTS:

Among 538 mothers, those with moderate/severe/critical illness were more likely to undergo induction, receive oxygen, mechanical ventilation or ECMO. Mortality was significantly higher among the mothers with severe illness than asymptomatic and those with mild illness (6% vs 0% and 0%, respectively, P < 0.05). Neonates born to mothers with moderate/severe/critical illness were more likely to be preterm with lower birth weight, and to be admitted to the NICU ( P < 0.05) but not to be small for gestational age. Mild maternal illness was only associated with NICU admission for isolation precaution and decreased rate of breastfeeding.

CONCLUSIONS:

Maternal illness severity was significantly associated with prematurity and several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Approach to obtaining a swallow study in a five-year-old with a disability and significant procedural anxiety: A case report
Authors: Estes Tyler , Gaul Aaron , Thornton Allison , Hobart-Porter Laura
Published: May 2024

CASE DESCRIPTION: A five-year-old male with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy and an expressive communication disorder presented because the family desired liberalization of diet. The diet consisted of pureed solids and no liquids due to deficits identified on bedside swallow evaluation; further dysphagia assessment had not been obtained due to significant procedural anxiety. Comprehensive approaches were taken involving premedication with buspirone, desensitization, distraction, and positive reinforcement. The fluoroscopic swallow study was successfully completed, and the patient’s diet was upgraded to include moderately thickened liquids. DISCUSSION: Procedural anxiety management in special populations is not well-researched. The lack of definitive recommendations regarding these issues increases the difficulty of managing these patients. This case highlights one successful approach to addressing individual needs using widely-available pharmacologic and environmental techniques. Additionally, this case reinforces the need to identify underlying causes for procedural anxiety and involve an interdisciplinary team. CONCLUSIONS: Attempts should be made to identify factors driving procedural anxiety. After discussing with the patient and family, relevant information should be relayed to staff with an open-ended invitation to propose ideas. While not all hospitals have equivalent resources, concerns related to unfamiliarity, underlying anxiety, and locus of control can be addressed with limited resource utilization, as demonstrated in this case.
A Comprehensive Framework for Hospital@Home Care Models
Authors: Denecke Kerstin , Kushniruk Andre W. , Borycki Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2024

Hospital@home is a healthcare approach, where patients receive active treatment from health professionals in their own home for conditions that would normally necessitate a hospital stay. Objective: To develop a framework of relevant features for describing hospital@home care models. Methods: The framework was developed based on a literature review and thematic analysis. We considered 42 papers describing hospital@home care approaches. Extracted features were grouped and aggregated in a framework. Results: The framework consists of nine dimensions: Persons involved, target patient population, service delivery, intended outcome, first point of contact, technology involved, quality, and data collection. The framework provides a comprehensive list of required roles, technologies and service types. Conclusion: The framework can act as a guide for researchers to develop new technologies or interventions to improve hospital@home, particularly in areas such as tele-health, wearable technology, and patient self-management tools. Healthcare providers can use the framework as a guide or blueprint for building or expanding upon their hospital@home services.
Taking the Patient’s Preferences into Account in the Anticoagulation Decision: Largely Lip-Service?
Authors: Dowie Jack , Kaltoft Mette Kjer , Rajput Vije Kumar
Published: May 2024

Clinical guidelines for the assessment and management of atrial fibrillation emphasize the importance of taking the patient’s preferences into account. A detailed examination of those from the National Institute for Excellence in Health and Social Care (NICE) raise serious questions about whether the recommendations embed preferences about crucial trade-offs that pre-empt those of the patient; do not stress the need to provide them with the information on option consequences necessary for them to become an informed patient; and characterise them as ‘concordant’ or ‘discordant’ rather than independently valid. American and European guidelines do not differ significantly in these respects.
Development and Implementation of an Integrated Standard e-Prescription Model in Alignment with Iranian National EHR
Authors: Abedian Somayeh , Biglarkhani Amin , Azami Ghadikolaei Ali , Barahmand Mohsen
Published: May 2024

The implementation of an Electronic Prescribing (EP) system offers numerous advantages in enhancing the efficiency of prescribing practices. To ensure successful implementation, a comprehensive understanding of the workflow in paper-based prescribing is crucial. In Iran, the Ministry of Health, and Medical Education (MOHME) has been actively involved in developing an EP system since 2011. The pilot results within MOHME have garnered significant support from all basic insurance organizations, primarily due to the importance of addressing financial considerations. As a result, these insurance organizations have taken the lead in the national development of the EP system, as responsibilities have shifted. The development of an Integrated Care Electronic Health Record (ICEHR or EHR) and the approach adopted by MOHME have paved the way for the creation of a standardized set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) based on openEHR and ISO13606 standards. These APIs facilitate the secure transfer of consolidated data from the EP systems, stored in the data warehouses of basic insurance organizations, to the Iranian EHR. This model follows an ICEHR architecture that emphasizes the transmission of this information to the Iranian EHR. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the various aspects and accomplishments related to these developments.
An Ensemble Architecture for Melanoma Classification
Authors: Ruga Tommaso , Musacchio Gaia , Maurmo Danilo
Published: May 2024

Melanoma represents an extremely aggressive type of skin lesion. Despite its high mortality rate, when detected in its initial stage, the projected five-year survival rate is notably high. The advancement of Artificial Intelligence in recent years has facilitated the creation of diverse solutions aimed at assisting medical diagnosis. This proposal presents an architecture for melanoma classification.
Towards the 4th population census in Ethiopia: Some insights into the feasibility of the Post-Enumeration Survey
Authors: Carbonetti Giancarlo , Giacomi Paolo , Grassia Filomena , Nuccitelli Alessandra
Published: May 2024

While national registry systems are evolving worldwide and, in some cases, replacing reliance on censuses, in countries where well-established population registers are lacking, the population and housing census remains the primary source of detailed data on the number of people, their spatial distribution, age and gender structure, living conditions, and other key socio-economic characteristics. The quality of the census findings is crucial for several reasons, including building public trust in the national statistical system. In many developing countries, conducting a Post-Enumeration Survey appears to be the only feasible way to evaluate the census results. Indeed, the lack or incompleteness of reliable demographic data from alternative sources precludes the use of other methods. This paper discusses some aspects of the feasibility of a Post-Enumeration Survey in Ethiopia. In particular, the paper reports on the main critical issues that emerged from the pilot surveys carried out in the framework of a cooperation project – funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation – aimed at providing methodological support and technical assistance for the preparation of the 4th Ethiopian Population and Housing Census.
Analysis of health related event detection in big data for physical education training movement detection
Authors: Cao Yi , Li Chongfei , Yang Cheng
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Physical education and training are essential ways to improve the physical quality of the nation, and China has incorporated “building a healthy China” and “fitness for all” into its national development strategy, integrating a strong sports nation into the Chinese dream. OBJECTIVE: The study of digital recording and automated training in sports is of profound value. Motion capture technology can digitally record the training process in a digital physical education training system. At the same time, accurate modeling and calculation can analyze the training effects and give appropriate guidance and feedback. This study develops a new and improved hierarchical K-means algorithm by combining the known classification algorithm K-means with a hierarchical algorithm. METHODS: The performance of the old and new algorithms are compared and then applied to physical education training data to produce clustering results and analysis to reduce the model, which is used to reduce the number of parameters in the model and improve the recognition speed. RESULTS: The experimental results demonstrate that the relevant models proposed in this study achieve an average accuracy of 91.27% and 92.26%, respectively, which is better than a single network model and can effectively use big data for health event detection. CONCLUSION: The empirical results show that the improved model algorithm outperforms the single network model and can detect health events using big data.
Investigating the relationship between body structure status, work activity type, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among detergent industry workers
Authors: Bostanpara Alireza , Hemmati Zahra , Varmazyar Sakineh
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: The physical condition of workers’ body structure and assigned duties, can contribute to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body structure status, type of work activity, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the detergent industry. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 148 industrial workers selected based on inclusion criteria and their medical checkup records. Data collection for the study included a demographic information questionnaire, a body map questionnaire, and an assessment of the workers’ musculoskeletal system conducted by three physiotherapists simultaneously. RESULTS: 54.1% of the participants had a total body structure score classified as poor or fair. The neck region showed the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (51.4%), followed by the lower back region (35.1%). Significant associations were found between abnormalities in the upper and middle limbs of the body and the prevalence of pain in the right shoulder region (Fisher/F = 9.29, P≤0.05) as well as the intermediate back region (F = 10.28, P≤0.01). Office workers experienced a higher prevalence of neck pain than workers in the product line and technical roles, with a statistically significant Odds Ratio (OR) ranging between 2.7 and 6.6 times. Conversely, industrial workers who operate powered machinery showed a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder (OR = 3.93) and left foot (OR = 4.07). Meanwhile, workers involved in loading and unloading tasks had a higher prevalence of pain in the middle back (OR = 3.61) and right foot (OR = 4.5) compared to office workers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pain in the right shoulder and middle back may be due to abnormalities in the upper and intermediate body structure. Production line workers reported a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder, middle back, and foot compared to office workers.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ФАРМАКОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ АКТИВНИХ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ІНГРЕДІЄНТІВ ПІД ЧАС РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ЛІКАРСЬКОГО ЗАСОБУ ХОНДРОПРОТЕКТОРНОЇ ДІЇ
Authors: Коптєлов Андрій Сергійович , Дейнека Аліна Сергіївна , Бевз Наталія Юріївна , Кухтенко Олександр Сергійович
Published: May 2024

Остеоартроз – одне з провідних захворювань суглобів, що обмежує функціональні можливості пацієнтів. Для лікування використовуються нефармакологічні, фармакологічні та хірургічні методи, тому перспективним є створення нових лікарських форм із поліпшеним протибольовим ефектом та антиоксидантними властивостями, що містять солі глюкозаміну та хондроїтину і можуть застосовуватися для лікування остеоартрозу та остеопорозу у вигляді твердих лікарських форм (таблетки, капсули). Метою дослідження було вивчення фармакотехнологічних показників активних фармацевтичних інгредієнтів лікарського засобу хондропротекторної дії, що дасть змогу спрогнозувати метод отримання та склад допоміжних речовин таблетованої лікарської форми. Об’єктами дослідження були субстанції хондроїтину сульфат натрію, D-глюкозаміну сульфат натрію, метилсульфонілметан та аскорбінова кислота. Для вибору технології виготовлення таблеток за методиками Державної фармакопеї України визначали фармакотехнологічні показники: насипну густину, густину після усадки порошків, текучість порошків (кут укосу та коефіцієнт Гауснера), досліджували оптичну мікроскопію. Досліджено кристалічну структуру та фармакотехнологічні показники субстанцій, що пропонується ввести до лікарської форми. Оптична мікроскопія показала відмінність у розмірі та формі кристалів різних компонентів. Кристали субстанцій D-глюкозаміну сульфату натрію, аскорбінової кислоти та метилсульфонілметану мають подібну структуру та розмір у діапазоні від 20 до 200 мкм. Хондроїтину сульфат натрію відрізняється дрібно-дисперсністю та розміром 1–20 мкм із кубічною формою кристалів. Аналіз текучості порошків підтвердив різницю у характеристиках субстанцій, які суттєво впливають на процес таблетування. Дослідження щодо визначення текучості, насипної густини, куту укосу були статистично оброблені згідно з вимогами ДФУ. Запропоновано використання допоміжних речовин для поліпшення текучості та однорідності лікарських форм. Рекомендовано подальше дослідження і вибір оптимальної технології для отримання ефективних твердих лікарських форм для лікування остеоартрозу із застосуванням методу попередньої грануляції.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ АПТЕЧНОЇ КОСМЕТИКИ НА РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ ТА КАНАДИ
Authors: Міщенко Вікторія Іванівна , Попова Ірина Анатоліївна , Демченко Наталія Володимирівна
Published: May 2024

Косметичні засоби в Україні, які реалізуються в аптеках для профілактики та пом’якшення проявів дерматологічних проблем, займають проміжне становище між лікарськими засобами та звичайною косметикою. У країнах ЄС присутнє їх термінологічне визначення – дерматокосметичні засоби/dermocosmetics. За підсумками 2023 р. сегмент зазначеної косметики на фармацевтичному ринку в України становить лише 4%, а в Канаді – 23%. У статті оглянуто головні тенденції розвитку ТМ Avene “Pierre Fabre”, Франція, в Україні та Канаді. Косметичні засоби зазначеного бренду призначені для специфічного догляду для чутливої шкіри, корекції патологічного стану шкірного покриву та його косметичних недоліків, їх застосовують у складі комплексного лікування алергічних та дерматологічних патологій: псоріазу, нейродерміту, опіків, екзем. ТМ Avene “Pierre Fabre” складається з дев’яти лінійок (Avene Cleanance, Avene Hydrance Optimale, Avene Diacneal та ін.). Найбільш численна – що зволожує, яка займає 19%. Проведено понад 150 наукових і клінічних досліджень, видано більше як 50 публікацій у міжнародних медичних журналах, які підтверджують заспокійливі, протизапальні та пом’якшувальні властивості термальної води Avène на шкіру, яка є головним складником косметичних засобів. Головні канали реалізації – аптеки, де є супроводжувальні документи, які підтверджують її якість, та онлайн-магазини. У Канаді зазначені КЗ можливо придбати в аптеці в окремому відділі дерматокосметики Beauty Rx та отримати поради у професійного продавця-консультанта косметики й парфумерії. В Україні косметика Avene найбільше присутня на сайті Інтернет-магазину Eva.ua. (84%), а в Канаді – shop.shoppersdrugmart.ca та beauty.shoppersdrugmart.ca (мають однакове значення – по 41%). Косметичні засоби Avene “Pierre Fabre”, Франція, більш доступні населенню Канади, ніж українським споживачам, про що свідчать середні коефіцієнти адекватності платоспроможності косметики Avene. Ураховуючи розвиток культури споживання косметичних засобів, що застосовуються для профілактики та пом’якшення хвороб шкіри, вони мають усі передумови для подальшого зростання, тому дослідження питань їх обігу є вельми актуальними.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ СКЛАДУ КАПСУЛ НА ОСНОВІ СУХОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ ШАВЛІЇ МУСКАТНОЇ ТА СПЕЦИФІКАЦІЇ КОНТРОЛЮ ЯКОСТІ
Authors: Холов Сафаралі , Мусозода Сафол , Махсудов Кобілджон , Кухтенко Галина
Published: May 2024

Забезпечення якості лікарських засобів є критично важливим аспектом фармацевтичного розроблення, оскільки від цього залежать ефективність та безпека лікарських засобів для пацієнтів. Забезпечення належної якості фітопрепаратів включає багато аспектів, ключовими серед яких є використання стандартизованої субстанції рослинного походження, використання високоякісної допоміжної сировини, контроль якості на всіх етапах виробництва. У цій статті представлено частину експериментальних результатів щодо розроблення складу та технології капсул на основі субстанції сухого екстракту шавлії мускатної (СЕШМ), вирощуваній у Таджикистані. Шавлія мускатна має широкий спектр терапевтичної дії, традиційно використовувана корінним населенням Таджикистану, має високий рівень вивченості та наукового обґрунтування біологічної активності. СЕШМ попередньо був стандартизований за вмістом суми флавоноїдів та гідроксикоричних кислот. Кількісний уміст суми флавоноїдів становить не менше 13,0% у перерахунку на апігенін та кількісний уміст суми гідроксикоричних кислот не менше 1,2% у перерахунку на розмаринову кислоту. Результати скринінгу фармакологічної активності співробітниками кафедри фармацевтичної технології та фармакології Таджицького національного університету показали протизапальну, діуретичну активність та помірний анксіолітичний ефект СЕШМ. Отримані результати лягли в основу розроблення капсул на основі субстанції СЕШМ та критеріїв контролю якості на етапі технологічного процесу «отримання маси для капсулювання». Із метою забезпечення якості капсул для низки фармакотехнологічних показників, таких як утрата в масі під час висушування, плинність, насипна густина, здатність до ущільнення, насипна густина після ущільнення (на V1250), однорідність вмісту СЕШМ у наважці маси капсули у перерахунку на біологічно активні речовини, введених у специфікацію на проміжну продукцію на стадії технологічного процесу «отримання маси для капсулювання», були введені більш жорсткі межі критеріїв прийнятності, що є елементом гарантії забезпечення якості готового лікарського засобу.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ М’ЯКИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ФОРМ ІЗ УМІСТОМ РЕТИНОЇДІВ
Authors: Штрімайтіс Оксана Вікторівна , Кухтенко Олександр Сергійович , Нестерук Тетяна Миколаївна
Published: May 2024

Акне – поширене захворювання шкіри, яке супроводжується значним шкірним і психологічним тягарем. Місцева терапія є першим вибором для лікування акне легкого та середнього ступенів тяжкості, а у важких випадках вона може забезпечити додаткову підтримку до інших традиційних форм лікування вульгарних вугрів. Використання ретиноїдів, таких як адапален та третиноїн, у засобах місцевої дії може мати значні проблеми через їх доведену нестабільність, низьку біодоступність та проникаючу здатність і можливість подразнення шкіри. Метою нашої роботи стало вивчення методу введення діючих речовин у м’які лікарські засоби (гелі) із умістом адапалену та третиноїну (за типом емульсії, суспензії, розчину) та дослідження розчинності даних діючих речовин. Об’єктами дослідження стали м’які лікарські засоби (гелі) з умістом адапалену та третиноїну як моно-, так і комбінованого складу. Визначення оптичних показників м’яких лікарських форм проводилося за методикою Державної фармакопеї України; під час проведення досліджень на розчинення використовували субстанції адапалену та третиноїну, придбані в компанії Sigma-Aldrich RTC (Німеччина). За результатами мікрофотографування зразків з адапаленом та третиноїном зроблено висновок, що у м’якій лікарській формі субстанції нерозчинні та введені по типу суспензії. Водночас наявність нерозчинних кристалів у складі м’якої лікарської форми є основною причиною виникнення побічної дії лікарських та косметичних засобів із ретиноїдами. Нами було проведено визначення розчинності адапалена та третиноїна в неводних розчинниках. Згідно з отриманими даними, третиноїн має кращу розчинність у запропонованих неводних розчинниках. Його розчинність у полісорбатах та ефірній олії чайного дерева дають змогу використовувати дані розчинники під час приготування емульсійних систем. Адапален розчинився в димексиді та суміші димексида з ефірною олією чайного дерева під час нагрівання вище 50оС. За результатом проведеного аналізу комерційних м’яких лікарських засобів з адапаленом та третиноїном визначено, що дані субстанції введено до складу по типу суспензії. Технологія отримання представлених гелей не передбачає застосування методів покращення біодоступності діючих речовин за рахунок нанокапсулювання. Запропонований виробниками («гель адапален 3» та «гель третиноїн 1») метод мікронізації (застосування мікросферної технології) несуттєво зменшує розмір часток субстанції.