bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The essive in Livonian
Authors: Viitso Tiit-Rein
Published: September 2016

In Livonian, there is a small set of word forms denoting locality or time and answering the questions where? and when?, and can be considered forms of the essive case on the basis of their case endings just as similar forms in other Finnic languages. The article studies these forms and related forms of the lative, sublative, and excessive case forms, answering the questions to where? to when?, and from where? from when?, and their history. In addition, word forms formally identical with the dative forms but used as adverbials of state are as forms of essive extracted from the dative, and their usage types are identified.Kokkuvõte. Tiit-Rein Viitso: Essiiv liivi keeles. Liivi keeles on väike hulk asukohta või aega väljendavaid sõnavorme, mida muutelõpu järgi võib hinnata läänemeresoome essiivi ehk oleva käände vormideks või pidada erinevaks tavalistest liivi daativi vormidest. Artiklis vaadeldakse neid küsimustele kus? ja millal? vastavaid nimi-, omadus-, arv-, ase-, määr- ja tagasõna vorme ning ka neile vastavaid kuhu? ja mis ajaks? ning kust? ja mis-ajast? käänete vorme ja nende vasteid ning ajalugu läänemeresoome keeleruumis.Märksõnad: liivi keel, läänemeresoome keeled, essiiv, daativ, käändesüsteem, keeleajaluguKubbõvõttõks. Tiit-Rein Viitso: Esīv līvõ kīels. Līvõ kīelsõ um piški kub kūožõ agā aigõ nägțõbidi sõnāformidi, mis vastātõbõd kizzimiztõn kus kūožõs? ja kunā? ja eņtš lopāndõkst pierrõ ātõ esīv nõtk formõd nei īž ku seļļizt formõd mūši vāldamiersūomõ kēļši. Kēras sǭbõd vaņtõltõd ne formõd, näntõn ležgilizt kizzimiztõn kus kūožõ? kunāks? ja kust kūožõst mis āigast? vastātõbõd latīv, ekstsesīv ja sublatīv nõtkūd formõd, ja nänt istorij. Vel sǭbõd kui esīv formõd ulzlagtõd datīv formõdõst form pūolstõ näntkõks identizt formõd, mis ātõ kȭlbatõd ku vȯlmiz adverbiālõd, ja sieldõks tīedõd nänt kȭlbatimiz tīpõd.
Livonian in recent years
Authors: Ernštreits Valts
Published: September 2016

This article discusses developments affecting Livonian during the last decade. It describes actions to promote Livonian during this period, for example, the International Year of Livonian Language and Culture and also discusses the status of Livonian in Latvia, the social setting for its use, and the ways in which it is used in everyday life. This article offers insight into the difficulties associated with Livonian language acquisition and language development as well as a description of Livonian language pedagogical materials and other resources, which have been recently developed or are in the process of being developed. Likewise, methods and opportunities for further developing Livonian and improving its current situation are examined in the context of potential solutions as well as already existing initiatives.Kokkuvõte. Valts Ernštreits: Liivi keel uusimal ajal. Artiklis on vaadeldud liivi keele arengut viimase aastakümne jooksul. Sellesse on koondatud andmeid sel ajal aset leidnud liivi keele populariseerimisega seotud ürituste, näiteks rahvusvahelise liivi keele ja kultuuri aasta kohta, samuti teavet liivi keele staatusest Lätis, keelekeskkonnast ja argipäevasest kasutusest. Artikkel heidab pilgu liivi keele omandamise ja keelekorraldusega seotud probleemidele ning viimasel ajal valminud või praegu loodavatele õppevahenditele ja liivi keele ressurssidele. Samuti on artiklis nii potentsiaalsete lahenduste kui ka olemasolevate algatuste kontekstis vaadeldud viise ja võimalusi edasiseks liivi keele arendamiseks ja keele olukorra parandamiseks.Märksõnad: liivi keel, keelepoliitika, keelekorraldus, keelekorpus, sotsiolingvistika, keeleressursid, grammatika, keele õpetamineKubbõvõttõks. Valts Ernštreits: Līvõ kēļ amāūžimõl āigal. Kēra vaņțlõb līvõ kīel kazāndimizt perīz āigastkim āigal. Sīezõ ātõ kubbõ võttõd tīetõd līvõ kīel tundtõbõks tīemizõks sidtõd jeddõvõtāmiztõst, nägțõbõks iļ rovdvailiz līvõ kīel ja kultūr āigast, nei īž tieutõ iļ līvõ kīel statūs Lețmǭl, kīel immõrkouțšt ja jegāpäuvizõst kȭlbatimizõst. Kēra ētab pilk līvõ kīel ummistõmiz ja kīel kõrdõlpanmiz problēmõd pǟl, perīz āigal vaļmõks sǭdõd agā paldīn lūodõbõd optõbvaindõkst ja līvõ kīel resursõd pǟl. Neiīž ātõ võibizt arāndõkst ja paldīņizt tikkimizt kontekstõs vaņțõltõd līvõ kīel kazāntimiz ja vȯlmiz parāntimiz vītõd ja võimizt.
Latest developments
Authors: Vertue Karin
Published: September 2016

Send your letters, news stories or latest developments to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
Accession of Tumor Heterogeneity by Multiplex Transcriptome Profiling of Single Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Gorges Tobias M , Kuske Andra , Röck Katharina , Mauermann Oliver , Müller Volkmar , Peine Sven , Verpoort Karl , Novosadova Vendula , Kubista Mikael , Riethdorf Sabine , Pantel Klaus
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Transcriptome analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds great promise to unravel the biology of cancer cell dissemination and identify expressed genes and signaling pathways relevant to therapeutic interventions.

METHODS

CTCs were enriched based on their EpCAM expression (CellSearch®) or by size and deformability (ParsortixTM), identified by EpCAM and/or pan-keratin–specific antibodies, and isolated for single cell multiplex RNA profiling.

RESULTS

Distinct breast and prostate CTC expression signatures could be discriminated from RNA profiles of leukocytes. Some CTCs positive for epithelial transcripts (EpCAM and KRT19) also coexpressed leukocyte/mesenchymal associated markers (PTPRC and VIM). Additional subsets of CTCs within individual patients were characterized by divergent expression of genes involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (e.g., CDH2, MMPs, VIM, or ZEB1 and 2), DNA repair (RAD51), resistance to cancer therapy (e.g., AR, AR-V7, ERBB2, EGFR), cancer stemness (e.g., CD24 and CD44), activated signaling pathways involved in tumor progression (e.g., PIK3CA and MTOR) or cross talks between tumors and immune cells (e.g., CCL4, CXCL2, CXCL9, IL15, IL1B, or IL8).

CONCLUSIONS

Multimarker RNA profiling of single CTCs reveals distinct CTC subsets and provides important insights into gene regulatory networks relevant for cancer progression and therapy.
Toxicidade aguda e contaminação por metais em sedimentos do rio dos Bugres, Ilha de São Vicente, SP.
Authors: Schepis William Rodriguez , Medeiros Tierry Val de , Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza , Silva Sharlleny Alves
Published: September 2016

A contaminação de ambientes aquáticos em regiões costeiras, especialmente nos sistemas estuarinos, tem sido frequentemente associada às atividades antropogênicas e aumento da densidade populacional. Contaminação provoca graves efeitos sobre a biota e pode causar riscos ecológicos e ameaças à saúde humana. O presente estudo investigou a qualidade dos sedimentos do Rio dos Bugres, um corpo d’ água pequeno localizado no Sistema Estuarino de Santos e São Vicente (SESS). Os sedimentos de quatro locais distribuídos ao longo deste estuário foram coletados por meio de um amostrador van Veen e avaliados quanto à toxicidade aguda, por meio da utilização de testes de toxicidade com o anfípodo Tiburonella viscana. As texturas dos sedimentos foram estimadas pelo método de peneiramento a seco, e análises químicas foram feitas por ICP OES para a determinação da concentração de metais. Para interpretar os resultados e estimar o grau de poluição, fator de enriquecimento (EF) foi aplicado aos dados químicos. Todos os sedimentos exibiram toxicidade aguda e contaminação por metais. Foram encontradas concentrações elevadas de vários elementos, Hg, Cr, Cu, Ag, Be, Ba, Zn, Ni, Cd e Pb, e os valores excederam as diretrizes de qualidade de sedimentos locais e internacionais para o Cd (> 0,7 mg/kg), Pb (> 10,3 mg/kg), Cu (> 18,7 mg/kg), Ni (> 3,89 mg/kg), Hg (>0,08 mg/kg) e Zn (> 37,9 mg/kg). As concentrações foram influenciadas pela localização e texturas dos sedimentos, e aqueles mais arenosos exibiram concentrações relativamente mais baixas de metais. O estudo mostrou toxicidade e contaminação dos sedimentos do Rio dos Bugres, possivelmente devido às contribuições advindas do antigo lixão de Sambaiatuba, das favelas e palafitas instaladas ás margens do rio e à drenagem dos bairros próximos, que não dispõem ainda de serviço de coleta e tratamento do esgoto e lixo.
Liebe und Macht in der deutsch-amerikanischen Sicherheitsbeziehung 2001-2003
Authors: Griebel Tim
Published: September 2016

Wieso wandelt sich Kooperation in Konflikt? Wie lässt sich der dynamische Wechsel in der deutsch-amerikanischen Sicherheitsstruktur in Afghanistan und im Irak erklären? Dieses Problem geht weit über den konkreten Gegenstand hinaus, berührt es doch auch grundlegende Fragen: etwa die nach der menschlichen Natur oder jene nach dem Verhältnis von Akteur und Struktur bzw. von Ideen und Materie. Auch die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen wissenschaftlicher Analysen bedürfen einer Reflexion. Auf Basis des Critical Realism stellt sich Tim Griebel diesen Fragen und rekonstruiert die Dynamik von Liebe und Macht innerhalb einer historischen Sicherheitsstruktur mithilfe einer korpuslinguistischen kritisch-realistischen Diskursanalyse.
Internet im Kalten Krieg
Authors: Schmitt Martin
Published: September 2016

Das Internet ist das dominante Kommunikationsmedium des 21. Jahrhunderts. Nicht zuletzt die Ereignisse um die Enthüllungen von Edward Snowden haben gezeigt, dass es sich zu einem Netzwerk der Freiheit wie auch der Überwachung entwickelt hat. Wo aber liegen seine Ursprünge? Martin Schmitt bietet eine dringend notwendige Neueinordnung der Geschichte des Internet, indem er dessen Entstehung in den USA von 1967-1975 historisiert. Er verdeutlicht, wie das Internet als kybernetisches System im Kalten Krieg zwischen Gegenkultur, Wissenschaft und Militär konzipiert wurde und dass es von Anfang an sowohl emanzipatorische wie auch überwachende Tendenzen bediente. Erst durch den Blick auf seine Geschichte kann die Wirkungsweise des Internet in der Gegenwart verstanden werden.
OCR bei Inkunabeln – Offizinspezifischer Ansatz der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg
Authors: Kirchner Felix , Dittrich Marco , Beckenbauer Phillip , Nöth Maximilian
Published: September 2016

Im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Projekts KALLIMACHOS an der Universität Würzburg soll unter anderem die Textgrundlage für digitale Editionen per OCR gewonnen werden. Das Bearbeitungskorpus besteht aus deutschen, französischen und lateinischen Inkunabeln. Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie man mit bereits heute existierenden Methoden und Programmen den Problemen bei der OCR von Inkunabeln entgegentreten kann. Hierzu wurde an der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg ein Verfahren erprobt, mit dem auf ausgewählten Werken einer Druckerwerkstatt bereits Zeichengenauigkeiten von bis zu 95 Prozent und Wortgenauigkeiten von bis zu 73 Prozent erzielt werden.
Identifying an efficient bacterial species and its genetic erosion for arsenic bioremediation of gold mining soil
Authors: Neeratanaphan Lamyai , Tanee Tawatchai , Tanomtong Alongklod , Tengjaroenkul Bundit
Published: September 2016

To improve bioremediation of arsenic (As) contamination in soil, the use of microorganisms to efficiently reduce As and their assessment of genetic erosion by DNA damage using genomic template stability (GTS) evaluation and using RAPD markers were investigated. The five sites examined for microorganisms and contaminated soils were collected from affected gold mining areas. The highest As concentration in gold mining soil is 0.72 mg/kg. Microorganism strains isolated from the gold mining soil samples were tested for As removal capacity. Two bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological characteristics as Brevibacillus reuszeri and Rhodococcus sp. The ability to treat As in nutrient agar (NA) at 1,600 mg/L and contaminated soil samples at 0.72 mg/kg was measured at 168 h, revealing more efficient As removal by B. reuszeri than Rhodococcus sp. (96.67% and 94.17%, respectively). Both species have the capacity to remove As, but B. reuszeri shows improved growth compared to the Rhodococcus sp. B. reuszeri might be suitable for adaptation and use in As treatment. The results are in agreement with their genetic erosion values, with B. reuszeri showing very little genetic erosion (12.46%) of culture in As concentrations as high as 1,600 mg/L, whereas 82.54% genetic erosion occurred in the Rhodococcus sp., suggesting that Rhodococcus sp. would not survive at this level of genetic erosion. Therefore, B. reuszeri has a high efficiency and can be used for soil As treatment, as it is capable to tolerate a concentration of 0.72 mg/kg and as high as 1,600 mg/L in NA.
CPS-based fault-tolerance method for smart factories
Authors: Kang Sungjoo , Jeon Jaeho , Kim Hyeon-Soo , Chun Ingeol
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we propose a fault tolerance method in smart factories which features a simulation-based framework and
a fault management application, FORTUNA (Fault-tOleRanT and aUtomated decisioN making Application). The simulation-based
framework is characterized by a Virtual Factory (VF) which plays an integrator role in CPS architecture for the smart
factory. The VF provides two key functionalities, (1) a simulation of CPS models represented by ECML (ETRI CPS Modeling
Language), and (2) a state estimation based on massive CPS data. By deploying Kalman filter, a predictor-corrector type
estimator, FORTUNA not only detects faults through the realtime observation of CPS data but also predicts potential
failures by the simulation. It is demonstrated that the method can work effectively in industrial systems with real
dataset.
A common core for information modeling in the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Pfrommer Julius , Grüner Sten , Goldschmidt Thomas , Schulz Dirk
Published: September 2016

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) faces a fragmentation of interfaces along information modeling formats,
communication protocols and service interfaces. This increasingly hinders interoperability and changeability in the
IIoT. To overcome this challenge, we propose a technology-independent common core for information modeling in the IIoT. It
consists of a minimal type system for literal data values, an addressing and identification scheme based on Uniform
Resource Identifiers (URI), the use of both key-value associations and relational references to combine resource-oriented
and semantic information modeling, and a set of core relational predicates for object-oriented information
modeling. Exemplary mappings of popular IIoT information modeling formats are provided to demonstrate the generality and
representational power of the proposed common core.
A Black-Box method for parametric model order reduction based on matrix interpolation with application to simulation and control
Authors: Geuß Matthias
Published: September 2016

This thesis deals with model order reduction of parameter-dependent systems based on interpolation of locally reduced
system matrices. A Black-Box method is proposed that automatically determines the optimal design parameters and delivers
a reduced system with desired accuracy. In addition, the method is extended to stability preservation and interpolation
for high-dimensional parameter spaces.
A Nonconforming Finite Element Approximation for Optimal Control of an Obstacle Problem
Authors: Dond Asha K. , Gudi Thirupathi , Nataraj Neela
Published: September 2016

The article deals with the analysis of a nonconforming finite element method for the discretization of optimization problems governed by variational inequalities. The state and adjoint variables are
discretized using Crouzeix–Raviart nonconforming finite elements, and the control is discretized
using a variational discretization approach. Error estimates have been established for the state and control variables. The results of numerical experiments are presented.
Use of Several Natural Products from Selected Nicotiana Species to Prevent Black Shank Disease in Tobacco
Authors: Kroumova Antoaneta B. , Artiouchine Ivan , Wagner George J.
Published: September 2016

Black shank is a major annual disease threat to all types of tobacco worldwide. It is caused by the fungus Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (PPN). The major tobacco growing areas in US - Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina can experience devastating losses, reaching in some fields up to 100%. Thus far, the main approaches to control this disease have been creation of resistant varieties, fungicide treatments, and crop rotation. Some fungicides are reported to have negative effects on the environment. The goal of this work was to test the antifungal activity of several natural products that are synthesized by certain Nicotiana species, and secreted to the leaf surface. We hypothesized that phylloplanin, cis-abienol, labdenediol and sclareol can suppress PPN-race 0- and PPN-race 1-caused disease in Burley tobaccos KY 14 and MS KY 14 × L8LC in the greenhouse. We developed methods for leaf surface extraction, spore preparation and soil drench application of the natural compounds tested. Experiments were performed on 5–8 week-old greenhouse grown seedlings. cis-Abienol showed high inhibitory properties toward the disease. Race 0 infection was completely subdued in KY 14 while race 1 infection was reduced by 70–80%, and delayed by 6–10 days in KY 14 and MS KY14 × L8LC. Sclareol was very effective in inhibiting race 0-caused disease in both tobacco cultivars. In MS KY 14 × L8LC race 1 infection was inhibited while in KY 14 it was reduced by 85% and delayed by 6 days. Labdenediol reduced the disease by half in eight week-old KY 14 plants. Tobacco phylloplanin reduced plant infection by both races by 50–60% and delayed the disease by 6–10 days. Phylloplanin was least suppressive in both tobacco cultivars. We consider sclareol to be the best candidate for future studies due to its antifungal properties and availability. cis-Abienol, despite its good antifungal activity, is not feasible for large-scale use due to the production and stability limitations.
Using Key “Blue Ocean” Tools for Strategy Rethinking of a SME: A Case from the Bulgarian Knitwear Industry
Authors: Papazov Emil , Mihaylova Lyudmila
Published: September 2016

The purpose of the article is to explore opportunities for rethinking the strategy of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) using the “Blue Ocean” concept and its inherent value innovation paradigm as an alternative to the traditional competitive strategy rationale. The paper also highlights important aspects of analytical tools of a relatively less known practice for Bulgaria, such as the “Strategy Canvas”, the “Four Actions Framework”, the “Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid” and the “Six Paths Framework”, and shows how to apply them when analysing and creating a new and uncontested market space. Special attention is paid to the possibilities concerning the practical use of the described tools in a leading SME from the Bulgarian knitwear industry.
On the smallest simultaneous power nonresidue modulo a prime
Authors: Ford Kevin , Garaev Moubariz Z. , Konyagin Sergei V.
Published: September 2016

Let p be a prime and let

p
1

,
…
,

p
r

${p_{1},\ldots,p_{r}}$

be distinct prime divisors of

p
-
1

${p-1}$

. We prove that the smallest positive integer n which is a
simultaneous

p
1

,
…
,

p
r

${p_{1},\ldots,p_{r}}$

-power nonresidue modulo p satisfies

n
<

p

1
/
4

-

c
r

+

o
⁢

(
1
)

 

(
p
→
∞
)

$n<p^{1/4-c_{r}+o(1)}\quad(p\to\infty)$

for some positive

c
r

${c_{r}}$

satisfying

c
r

=

e

-

(

1
+

o
⁢

(
1
)

)

⁢
r

${c_{r}=e^{-(1+o(1))r}}$

as

r
→
∞

${r\to\infty}$

.
Topological 2-generation of automorphism groups of countable ultrahomogeneous graphs
Authors: Jonušas Julius , Mitchell James
Published: September 2016

A countable graph is ultrahomogeneous if every isomorphism between
finite induced subgraphs can be extended to an automorphism. Woodrow and
Lachlan showed that there are essentially four types of such countably
infinite graphs: the random graph, infinite disjoint unions of complete
graphs

K
n

{K_{n}}

with

n
∈
ℕ

{n\in\mathbb{N}}

vertices, the

K
n

{K_{n}}

-free graphs, finite unions of the
infinite complete graph

K
ω

{K_{\omega}}

, and duals of such graphs. The groups

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

of automorphisms of such graphs Γ have a natural
topology, which is compatible with multiplication and inversion, i.e. the
groups

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

are topological groups. We consider the problem of
finding minimally generated dense subgroups of the groups

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

where Γ is ultrahomogeneous. We show that if Γ is
ultrahomogeneous, then

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

has 2-generated dense subgroups, and
that under certain conditions given

f
∈

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{f\in\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

there exists

g
∈

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{g\in\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

such that the subgroup generated by f and g is dense. We
also show that, roughly speaking, g can be chosen with a high degree of
freedom. For example, if Γ is either an infinite disjoint union of

K
n

{K_{n}}

or a finite union of

K
ω

{K_{\omega}}

, then g can be chosen to have any
given finite set of orbit representatives.
Stratigraphy, plankton communities, and magnetic proxies at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)
Authors: Michalík Jozef , Reháková Daniela , Grabowski Jacek , Lintnerová Otília , Svobodová Andrea , Schlögl Ján , Sobień Katarzyna , Schnabl Petr
Published: September 2016

A well preserved Upper Tithonian–Lower Berriasian Strapkova sequence of hemipelagic limestones improves our understanding of environmental changes occurring at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Western Carpathians. Three dinoflagellate and four calpionellid zones have been recognized in the section. The onset of the Alpina Subzone of the standard Calpionella Zone, used as a marker of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary is defined by morphological change of Calpionella alpina tests. Calpionellids and calcified radiolarians numerically dominate in microplankton assemblages. The first occurrence of Nannoconus wintereri indicates the beginning of the nannofossil zone NJT 17b Subzone. The FO of Nannoconus steinmannii minor was documented in the lowermost part of the Alpina Subzone. This co-occurrence of calpionellid and nannoplankton events along the J/K boundary transition is typical of other Tethyan sections. Correlation of calcareous microplankton, of stable isotopes (C, O), and TOC/CaCO3 data distribution was used in the characterization of the J/K boundary interval. δ13C values (from +1.09 to 1.44 ‰ VPDB) do not show any temporal trends and thus show a relatively balanced carbon-cycle regime in sea water across the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The presence of radiolarian laminites, interpreted as contourites, and relatively high levels of bioturbation in the Berriasian prove oxygenation events of bottom waters. The lower part of the Crassicolaria Zone (up to the middle part of the Intermedia Subzone) correlates with the M19r magnetozone. The M19n magnetozone includes not only the upper part of the Crassicollaria Zone and lower part of the Alpina Subzone but also the FO of Nannoconus wintereri and Nannoconus steinmannii minor. The reverse Brodno magnetosubzone (M19n1r) was identified in the uppermost part of M19n. The top of M18r and M18n magnetozones are located in the upper part of the Alpina Subzone and in the middle part of the Ferasini Subzone, respectively. The Ferasini/Elliptica subzonal boundary is located in the lowermost part of the M17r magnetozone. A little bit higher in the M17r magnetozone the FO of Nannoconus steinmannii steinmannii was identified.
Shallow-water benthic foraminiferal assemblages and their response to the palaeoenvironmental changes — example from the Middle Miocene of Medvednica Mt. (Croatia, Central Paratethys)
Authors: Pezelj Đurðica , Sremac Jasenka , Bermanec Vladimir
Published: September 2016

During the Middle Miocene, the northern Croatian Medvednica Mt. was an island within the Pannonian Basin System, situated on the SW margin of the Central Paratethys Sea. Miocene sedimentary rocks (the Late Badenian Bulimina–Bolivina Zone and Ammonia beccarii ecozone), from the SW slopes of Medvednica Mt. clearly reflect a transgressive-regressive cycle with emersion during the Badenian/Sarmatian boundary. After the initial phase of transgression, the pioneer Elphidium–Asterigerinata–Ammonia benthic foraminiferal assemblage is present in bioclastic limestones, such as those at the Borovnjak locality. This marginal marine assemblage from a highly energetic, normally saline environment is characterized by poor preservation of foraminiferal tests, low diversity and strong domination. Advanced transgression is followed by establishment of the Elphidium–Asterigerinata assemblage, which is found in biocalcsiltites from the laterally deeper and more sheltered environment at Gornje Vrapče. This diverse assemblage is typical for inner/middle shelf environment with sufficient oxygen content. A general shallowing upward trend can be recognized at both localities, followed by visible interchange of different sedimentological and biotic features. Successive and oscillatory regression in the marginal marine environment was followed by salinity fluctuations and final brackish conditions with Ammonia–Elphidium assemblage. The laterally deeper environment reacted to regressive trends on finer scale with almost regular changes of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the laminae (Heterolepa–Bolivina assemblage/Bolivina–Cassidulina assemblage/Elphidium–Asterigerinata assemblage). It might reflect sea-level oscillations with periodically increased siliciclastic and nutrient input from land or influence of seasonality on benthic assemblages, which occurred in the advanced phase of the regression near the Badenian/Sarmatian boundary.
Pleistocene volcaniclastic units from North-Eastern Sicily (Italy): new evidence for calc-alkaline explosive volcanism in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Di Bella Marcella , Italiano Francesco , Sabatino Giuseppe , Tripodo Alessandro , Baldanza Angela , Casella Sergio , Pino Paolo , Rasa’ Riccardo , Russo Selma
Published: September 2016

A well-preserved volcaniclastic sequence crops out in Pleistocene marine sediments along the Tyrrhenian coastline of the Calabrian-Peloritani arc (Sicily, Italy), testifying the occurrence of Lower-Middle Pleistocene volcanic activity in Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The presence of dominant highly vesicular and minor blocky glassy particles indicates that the volcanic clasts were originated by explosive events related to the ascent and violent emission of volatile-rich magmas accompanied by and/or alternated with hydromagmatic fragmentation due to magma-sea water interaction. Field investigations and sedimentological features of the studied volcaniclastic units suggest a deposition from sediment-water density flows. The chemical classification of the pumice clasts indicates prevalent rhyolitic and dacitic compositions with calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline affinity. The geochemical features of immobile trace elements together with the presence of orthopyroxene are indicative of a provenance from an arc-type environment. The age (from 980-910 to 589 ka), the chemical composition and the evidence of subaerial explosive volcanic activity constrain the origin nature and temporal evolution of the arc-type volcanism in the Southern Tyrrhenian domain. Finally, the new information here provided contribute to a better understanding of the temporal geodynamic evolution of this sector of the Mediterranean domain.
A role for the metalloprotease invadolysin in insulin signaling and adipogenesis
Authors: Chang Ching-Wen , Abhinav Kanishk , Di Cara Francesca , Panagakou Ioanna , Vass Sharron , Heck Margarete M.S.
Published: September 2016

Invadolysin is a novel metalloprotease conserved amongst metazoans that is essential for life in Drosophila. We previously showed that invadolysin was essential for the cell cycle and cell migration, linking to metabolism through a role in lipid storage and interaction with mitochondrial proteins. In this study we demonstrate that invadolysin mutants exhibit increased autophagy and decreased glycogen storage – suggestive of a role for invadolysin in insulin signaling in Drosophila. Consistent with this, effectors of insulin signaling were decreased in invadolysin mutants. In addition, we discovered that invadolysin was deposited on newly synthesized lipid droplets in a PKC-dependent manner. We examined two in vitro models of adipogenesis for the expression and localization of invadolysin. The level of invadolysin increased during both murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS), adipogenesis. Invadolysin displayed a dynamic localization to lipid droplets over the course of adipogenesis, which may be due to the differential expression of distinct invadolysin variants. Pharmacological inhibition of adipogenesis abrogated the increase in invadolysin. In summary, our results on in vivo and in vitro systems highlight an important role for invadolysin in insulin signaling and adipogenesis.
The influence of energy boost and springblade footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of running
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Dillon Stephanie
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The aim of the current study was to comparatively examine the effects of energy return, spring and conventional footwear
on the kinetics and kinematics of running

Methods

Twelve male runners ran over an embedded force platform at 4.0 m · s–1
in the three footwear conditions. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an 8 camera motion capture system and tibial accelerations
were obtained using an accelerometer. Differences in kinetic and kinematic parameters between footwear were examined
using one-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

The results showed that there were no significant differences in kinetic
parameters between footwear. However, it was shown that that spring footwear were associated with significantly greater angles
of peak eversion (–12.49°) and tibial internal rotation (13.09°) in comparison to the conventional footwear (eversion = –10.52°
& tibial internal rotation = 10.84°).

Conclusions

Therefore, the findings from the current investigation indicate that spring
footwear may place runners at increased risk from chronic injury related to excessive ankle eversion/tibial internal rotation.
Two aerobic exercise programs in management of back pain among middle-aged obese women: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Maciaszek Janusz , Skrypnik Damian , Ratajczak Marzena , Stemplewski Rafał , Osiński Wiesław , Bogdański Paweł , Mądry Edyta , Walkowiak Jarosław , Karolkiewicz Joanna
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Back pain is a frequent symptom in the obese. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of two training programs on the reduction of back pain among obese women.

Methods

The study included 30 obese women who reported back pain within 3 months preceding enrollment. The subjects were randomly allocated to endurance or endurance/resistance physical exercise. The intensity of the exercise was adjusted to 50–80% of HRmax. Back pain intensity, muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors, body balance and body composition were measured before and after training.

Results

Both the endurance and endurance/resistance training exerted positive effect on back pain (p < 0.05). Similarly, in both training groups the significant increase in the strength of knee flexors and marked reduction of body fatness (p < 0.001 for all) was documented. However, the interventions’ efficacies in selected groups did not differ.

Conclusions

Both endurance and combined endurance/resistance training exert positive effect in decreasing back pain and improving functional fitness of obese women. Therefore, both forms of training may be recommended for individuals dealing with the abovementioned problems.
Verbal instructions on learning the Front-Crawl: emphasizing a single component or the interaction between components?
Authors: Marques-Dahi Maria Teresa da Silva Pinto , Bastos Flavio Henrique , Araujo Ulysses Okada de , Walter Cinthya , Freudenheim Andrea Michele
Published: September 2016

Purpose

In Front-Crawl swimming stroke, the interaction between two of its components, i.e. arm stroke and breathing, affects the performance of the motor skill as a whole and therefore can be considered a critical aspect of the skill. The purpose of our study was to investigate if a verbal instruction emphasizing this interaction could lead to learning gains when provided along with video demonstrations.

Methods

Participants (children) were randomly assigned to three experimental groups according to the type of verbal instruction provided. Component and Interaction groups received their specific instructions along with video demonstrations of a model execution of the Front-Crawl. The Control group watched the same video, but received no further instruction concerning the movement pattern. In the Acquisition phase (AQ) all groups performed 160 trials (organized in 4 sessions) of the task that consisted in swimming 8 meters the Front-Crawl at a comfortable velocity. To assess learning gains, a retention test (RT) and a transfer test (TR) were carried out one week after the end of the AQ.

Results

Regarding RT and TR, the one-way ANOVA on the movement pattern score showed a significant difference between groups, with post-hoc tests revealing that the Interaction group achieved higher score than the Control group.

Conclusions

The results reveal that enhancing aspects of a video demonstration with verbal instruction improves learning gains of the Front-Crawl in children. Additionally, the results suggest that providing verbal instructions about the interaction between stroke and breathing might promote learning gains, compared to providing instructions about the stroke component individually.
Pressure Distribution in a Squeeze Film Spherical Bearing with Rough Surfaces Lubricated by an Ellis Fluid
Authors: Jurczak P. , Falicki J.
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the solution to a problem of pressure distribution in a curvilinear squeeze film spherical bearing is considered. The equations of motion of an Ellis pseudo-plastic fluid are presented. Using Christensen’s stochastic model of rough surfaces, different forms of Reynolds equation for various types of surface roughness pattern are obtained. The analytical solutions of these equations for the cases of externally pressurized bearing and squeeze film bearing are presented. Analytical solutions for the film pressure are found for the longitudinal and circumferential roughness patterns. As a result the formulae expressing pressure distribution in the clearance of bearing lubricated by an Ellis fluid was obtained. The numerical considerations for a spherical bearing are given in detail.
Finitep-groups of maximal class with ‘large’ automorphism groups
Authors: Dietrich Heiko , Eick Bettina
Published: September 2016

The classification ofp-groups of maximal class still is a wide open problem. Coclass Conjecture W proposes a way to approach such a classification: It suggests that the coclass graph𝒢${\mathcal{G}}$associated with thep-groups of maximal class can be determined from a finite subgraph using certain periodic patterns. Here we consider the subgraph𝒢∗${{\mathcal{G}}^{\ast}}$of𝒢${\mathcal{G}}$associated with thosep-groups of maximal class whose automorphism group orders are divisible byp-1${p-1}$. We describe the broad structure of𝒢∗${{\mathcal{G}}^{\ast}}$by determining its so-called skeleton. We investigate the smallest interesting casep=7${p=7}$in more detail using computational tools, and propose an explicit version of Conjecture W for𝒢∗${{\mathcal{G}}^{\ast}}$for arbitraryp≥7${p\geq 7}$. Our results are the first explicit evidence in support of Conjecture W for a coclass graph of infinite width.
Point-primitive, line-transitive generalised quadrangles of holomorph type
Authors: Bamberg John , Popiel Tomasz , Praeger Cheryl E.
Published: September 2016

Let G be a group of collineations of a finite thick generalised quadrangle Γ.
Suppose that G acts primitively on the point set

𝒫

${\mathcal{P}}$

of Γ, and transitively on the lines of Γ.
We show that the primitive action of G on

𝒫

${\mathcal{P}}$

cannot be of holomorph simple or holomorph compound type.
In joint work with Glasby, we have previously classified the examples Γ for which the action of G on

𝒫

${\mathcal{P}}$

is of affine type.
The problem of classifying generalised quadrangles with a point-primitive, line-transitive collineation group is therefore reduced to the case where there is a unique minimal normal subgroup M and M is non-Abelian.
Compact discrepancy and chi-squared principles for over-determined inverse problems
Authors: Pisarenco Maxim , Setija Irwan D.
Published: September 2016

We discuss and analyze the classical discrepancy principle and the recently proposed and closely related chi-squared principle for selecting the regularization parameter of an inverse problem. Some properties that deteriorate the performance of these methods for over-determined inverse problems are highlighted.
We propose a so-called compact version of the discrepancy and chi-squared principles and demonstrate that for over-determined inverse problems the propagation of measurement uncertainty into the determination of the regularization parameter can be partly suppressed.
This is achieved by expanding the cost function in terms of the singular vectors of the system matrix and by replacing the solution independent stochastic term by its statistical expectation.
Although the motivation of the method requires a singular value decomposition, we show that in practice this step can be avoided.
The performance of the regular and compact discrepancy and chi-squared principles is demonstrated on two benchmark problems. The compact versions of the discrepancy and chi-squared principles (i.e. with suppression of uncertainty) are shown to always improve the quality of the regularized solutions.
A Critical Analysis on the Security Architectures of Internet of Things: The Road Ahead
Authors: Jog Vivek V. , Murugan T. Senthil
Published: September 2016

Internet of Things (IoT) has been a most important research area for almost a decade now, where a huge network of billions or trillions of “things” communicating with one another is facing many technical and application challenges. Although there are many uncertainties about its security and privacy, the literature presents different techniques to handle the security issues and challenges in order to develop a well-defined security architecture. This paper reviews 50 research papers that are related to the security of IoT. The security techniques were classified with respect to time consumption, energy consumption, power consumption, lightweight property, reliability, robustness, and smart applicability. Also, the security techniques were analyzed based on the considered attacks, application, utilized simulation tool, security model, and attributes. The objective of the survey is focused on the security loopholes arising out of the information exchange technologies used in IoT. Finally, the important research issues are addressed for the researchers to find the way for further research in the security of IoT. The survey signifies that multilevel and mutual authentication based on attribute-based profile modeling bring more security for access control and authentication.
Some evidence for skewed mating type distribution in Iranian populations of Rhynchosporium commune, the cause of barley scald disease
Authors: Arzanlou Mahdi , Karimi Kaivan , Mirabi Fariba
Published: September 2016

Rhynchosporium commune(formerly known asRhynchosporium secalis), the causal agent of scald disease on barley, is known to spread asexually by splash dispersed conidia. However, there are multiple lines of evidence for the possibility of a clandestine sexual cycle occurrence in this species including extensive genotypic diversity, equal distribution of mating type alleles across the world and expression of mating type genes. In the current study, the potential for the occurrence of a sexual cycle amongst the Iranian population ofR. communewas assessed by analyzing distribution and frequency of the mating type alleles at both micro and macro-spatial scales. A total of 95 single-conidialR. communeisolates were obtained from different barley fields in Kurdistan province. Previously designed primers were applied in a multiplex PCR assay to study distribution and frequency of the mating type alleles within and between populations. Totally, 67 isolates were determined asMAT1-1and the remaining 28 isolates asMAT1-2throughout the sampling counties. The results obtained at a macro-spatial scale revealed that unlike Kamyaran county (bothMAT1-1andMAT1-2at an equal ratio), an unequal distribution of mating type genes was dominant amongR. communeisolates in both Mariwan and Dehgolan counties. Our findings support a predominantly asexual reproduction for Mariwan and Dehgolan counties and the possibility of sexual stage occurrence in Kamyarna county.
Basic substances under EC 1107/2009 phytochemical regulation: experience with non-biocide and food products as biorationals
Authors: Marchand Patrice A.
Published: September 2016

Basic Substances are a newly effective category of Plant Protection Product under EC Regulation No 1107/2009. The first approved application of Equisetum arvense L. opened Part C of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 540/2011, which lists the basic substance approved. Although E. arvense was described as a fungicide extract, subsequent applications like chitosan were related to non-biocide molecules. Consequently, plant protection product data were collected from research on alternative or traditional crop protection methods. They are notably issued or derived from foodstuffs (plants, plant by-products, plant derived products, substances and derived substances from animal origin). Applications are currently submitted by our Institute, under evaluation at different stages of the approval process or already approved. Remarkably, this Basic Substance category under pesticide EU Regulation was surprisingly designed for these non-biocidal plant protection products. In fact, components described as the “active substance” of most of the actual applications are food products like sugars and lecithin. Basic Substance applications for these foodstuffs are therefore a straightforward way of easily gaining approval for them. Here we describe the approval context and detail the agricultural uses of theses food products as Biological Control Agents (BCAs) or biorationals for crop protection. From all deposited or approved Basic Substance Application (BSA), a proof has been provided that non-biocide and food products via physical barrier or lure effects may be effective plant protection products with an acceptable low profile of concern for public and agricultural safety.
The crystal structure of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,8-diphenyl-4-(phenylamino)quinazoline — acetonitrile (1/1), C35H28N4O
Authors: Maluleka Marole M. , Mphahlele Malose J.
Published: September 2016

C35H28N4O, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.5972(11) Å, b = 11.0497(12) Å, c = 12.0241(12) Å, α = 89.499(4)°, β = 77.169(4)°, γ = 79.758(4)°, V = 1350.2(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0717, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1542, T = 173 K.
Radon in the dry carbon dioxide spa of Mátraderecske, Hungary
Authors: Sóki Erzsébet , Csige István
Published: September 2016

The final product of a post-volcanic activity is the exhalation of low-temperature (<100°C) gases containing mostly carbon dioxide. The phenomenon is called mofettes, which are often used for therapeutic treatments in the form of dry CO2 spas. Along its pathway to the surface, the deep origin gas also intakes different radon isotopes from the rocks and soils; therefore, the risks associated with radon exposures should also be a concern. In this work, we have found that the 222Rn activity concentration in the mofette gas of Mátraderecske is particularly high; it is in the order of 200 kBq·m−3. However, owing to the carefully designed flow pattern of mofette gas and fresh air, the radon level is about 1 kBq·m−3 at the breath level of the staff, accompanying the treatment, which is the radon reference level for workers in Hungary. We have also found that in this dry spa, radon is a good tracer of CO2; therefore, it can be used to monitor the CO2 distribution in the treatment pools.
Preliminary results of radon survey in thermal spas in V4 countries
Authors: Műllerová Monika , Mazur Jadwiga , Blahušiak Pavol , Grządziel Dominik , Holý Karol , Kovács Tibor , Kozak Krzysztof , Nagy Erika , Neznal Martin , Neznal Matej , Shahrokhi Amin
Published: September 2016

Radon concentration was measured in 11 thermal spas in Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). The results showed that in 84% of spas radon activity concentration is less than 400 Bq·m−3. However, areas with radon activity concentration exceeding 1000 Bq·m−3 were found in the Czech Republic and Slovakia as well. Preliminary analyses indicated that the highest radon activities in spas were found in places with thermal pools. Radon concentration in waters used in spas ranged from 0.5 Bq/l to 384 Bq/l. The influence of radon activity concentration in water on radon activity in the air inside the spa was observed. It was found to increase indoor radon with increasing radon in the waters. Correlation with indoor radon and radon in water was more significant for baths and less significant for pool waters. In the cases filling of the bath from water taps, significantly contribute to the increased radon was observed in the pool and bath areas of the spa.
Results of the 2015 national indoor radon intercomparison measurements in Serbia
Authors: Forkapić Sofija , Bikit Kristina , Arsić Vesna , Ilić Jovana , Pantelić Gordana , Živanović Miloš
Published: September 2016

Results and conclusions of interlaboratory comparison of indoor radon in 2015 in Serbia are presented. The participants were three accredited laboratories from Serbia: Serbian Institute of Occupational Health “Dr Dragomir Karajović”, Laboratory for Radioactivity and Dose Measurements at the Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad and Radiation and Environmental Protection Department, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Science. The laboratories make use of the same method for radon measurement, using charcoal canisters according to US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocol 520/5-87-005. Calibration of detection efficiency was performed using EPA radium standard. Radon activity concentrations were determined on the basis of the intensity of short-living radon daughters, 214Bi and 214Pb, gamma lines. The results of intercomparison were evaluated by using the u-test, which was calculated according to the International Atomic Energy Agency criteria. In this paper, not only limitations but also the advantages and possibilities of application of this method for measuring levels of human exposure to radon are discussed.