bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel Oblivious Array Access for Secure Multiparty Computation and Privacy-Preserving Minimum Spanning Trees
Authors: Laud Peeter
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we describe efficient protocols to perform in parallel many reads and writes in private arrays according to private indices. The protocol is implemented on top of the Arithmetic Black Box (ABB) and can be freely composed to build larger privacypreserving applications. For a large class of secure multiparty computation (SMC) protocols, our technique has better practical and asymptotic performance than any previous ORAM technique that has been adapted for use in SMC.

Our ORAM technique opens up a large class of parallel algorithms for adoption to run on SMC platforms. In this paper, we demonstrate how the minimum spanning tree (MST) finding algorithm by Awerbuch and Shiloach can be executed without revealing any details about the underlying graph (beside its size). The data accesses of this algorithm heavily depend on the location and weight of edges (which are private) and our ORAM technique is instrumental in their execution. Our implementation is the first-ever realization of a privacypreserving MST algorithm with sublinear round complexity.
Secure and scalable match: overcoming the universal circuit bottleneck using group programs
Authors: Krishnan Rajesh , Sundaram Ravi
Published: June 2015

Confidential Content-Based Publish/Subscribe (C-CBPS) is an interaction model that allows parties to exchange content while protecting their security and privacy interests. In this paper we advance the state of the art in C-CBPS by showing how all predicate circuits in NC1 (logarithmic-depth, bounded fan-in) can be confidentially computed by a broker while guaranteeing perfect information-theoretic security. Previous work could handle only strictly shallower circuits (e.g. those with depth O(ℑ)). We present three protocols—UGP-Match, FSGP-Match and OFSGP-Match—based on 2-decomposable randomized encodings of group programs for circuits in NC1. UGP-Match is conceptually simple and has a clean proof of correctness but its running time is a polynomial with a high exponent and hence impractical. FSGP-Match uses a “fixed structure” construction that reduces the exponent drastically and achieves efficiency and scalability. OFSGP-Match optimizes the group programs further to shave off a linear factor.
An Automated Approach for Complementing Ad Blockers’ Blacklists
Authors: Gugelmann David , Happe Markus , Ager Bernhard , Lenders Vincent
Published: June 2015

Privacy in the Web has become a major concern resulting in the popular use of various tools for blocking tracking services. Most of these tools rely on manually maintained blacklists, which need to be kept up-to-date to protect Web users’ privacy efficiently. It is challenging to keep pace with today’s quickly evolving advertisement and analytics landscape. In order to support blacklist maintainers with this task, we identify a set of Web traffic features for identifying privacyintrusive services. Based on these features, we develop an automatic approach that learns the properties of advertisement and analytics services listed by existing blacklists and proposes new services for inclusion on blacklists. We evaluate our technique on real traffic traces of a campus network and find in the order of 200 new privacy-intrusive Web services that are not listed by the most popular Firefox plug-in Adblock Plus. The proposed Web traffic features are easy to derive, allowing a distributed implementation of our approach.
Defending Tor from Network Adversaries: A Case Study of Network Path Prediction
Authors: Juen Joshua , Johnson Aaron , Das Anupam , Borisov Nikita , Caesar Matthew
Published: June 2015

The Tor anonymity network has been shown vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks by autonomous systems (ASes) and Internet exchanges (IXes), which can observe different overlay hops belonging to the same circuit. We evaluate whether network path prediction techniques provide an accurate picture of the threat from such adversaries, and whether they can be used to avoid this threat. We perform a measurement study by collecting 17.2 million traceroutes from Tor relays to destinations around the Internet. We compare the collected traceroute paths to predicted paths using state-of-the-art path inference techniques. We find that traceroutes present a very different picture, with the set of ASes seen in the traceroute path differing from the predicted path 80% of the time. We also consider the impact that prediction errors have on Tor security. Using a simulator to choose paths over a week, our traceroutes indicate a user has nearly a 100% chance of at least one compromise in a week with 11% of total paths containing an AS compromise and less than 1% containing an IX compromise when using default Tor selection. We find modifying the path selection to choose paths predicted to be safe lowers total paths with an AS compromise to 0.14% but still presents a 5–11% chance of at least one compromise in a week while making 5% of paths fail, with 96% of failures due to false positives in path inferences. Our results demonstrate more measurement and better path prediction is necessary to mitigate the risk of AS and IX adversaries to Tor.
Toward Mending Two Nation-Scale Brokered Identification Systems
Authors: Brandão Luís T. A. N. , Christin Nicolas , Danezis George , Anonymous
Published: June 2015

Available online public/governmental services requiring authentication by citizens have considerably expanded in recent years. This has hindered the usability and security associated with credential management by users and service providers. To address the problem, some countries have proposed nation-scale identification/authentication systems that intend to greatly reduce the burden of credential management, while seemingly offering desirable privacy benefits. In this paper we analyze two such systems: the Federal Cloud Credential Exchange (FCCX) in the United States and GOV.UK Verify in the United Kingdom, which altogether aim at serving more than a hundred million citizens. Both systems propose a brokered identification architecture, where an online central hub mediates user authentications between identity providers and service providers. We show that both FCCX and GOV.UK Verify suffer from serious privacy and security shortcomings, fail to comply with privacy-preserving guidelines they are meant to follow, and may actually degrade user privacy. Notably, the hub can link interactions of the same user across different service providers and has visibility over private identifiable information of citizens. In case of malicious compromise it is also able to undetectably impersonate users. Within the structural design constraints placed on these nation-scale brokered identification systems, we propose feasible technical solutions to the privacy and security issues we identified. We conclude with a strong recommendation that FCCX and GOV.UK Verify be subject to a more in-depth technical and public review, based on a defined and comprehensive threat model, and adopt adequate structural adjustments.
Henri Lefebvre’s Concept Of Urban Space In The Context Of Preferences Of The Creative Classin A Modern City
Authors: Nadolny Adam
Published: June 2015

This article seeks to present how the manner of recording the spatial phenomena analysed by Henri Lefebvre in his numerous publications can serve as a basis for reflections on the suitability of his theories for the description of the creative class in a modern city. Because Lefebvre pursued a number of lines of thought in his philosophical ideas, we can state that there is a strong correlation between the city image he created and preferences of the creative class in a modern city. The article is also intended to make the reader realise that records of philosophical ideas can, in many instances, contribute to the improvement of the actual space in a city.
Creative Industries In The Polish Economy
Authors: Kasprzak Rafał
Published: June 2015

The paper presents changes in the number of entities in the creative sector in Polish regions between 2009 and 2013. In the analysis use was made of Poland’s Central Statistical Office data to describe the development rate of this sector in the regions.
Virtual Community For A Creative City
Authors: Przygodzki Zbigniew , Kina Ewelina
Published: June 2015

Cities provide conditions for the development of creativity and creative capital; some cities have made it an area of strategic intervention. Surely, there is a strong link between the creativity of a city and the value of social capital in a given territory. Hence, it is vital to answer the following questions: To what extent does investment in human capital determine the value of creative capital? What to invest in? Can one invest efficiently taking advantage of the attractive and popular virtual space? These are the questions explored by the present authors. Their specific goal is to assess the importance of social networks as a modern ICT tool for establishing relations, and of open networks in the dissemination of knowledge and in the development of creative communities.
Late Acute Intermittent Porphyria Attack In A Patient With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Toma Nicoleta , Stancu Maria M. , Savu Octavian
Published: June 2015

Background. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a hereditary metabolic aberration resulting from a partial defect in the activity of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBDG) during the course of haeme synthesis. Diabetic metabolism may attenuate the episodes of porphyria related symptoms.

Case report. Our subject (male; age 75) was hospitalized one week after onset of diffuse abdominal pain and constipation and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The patient’s long history of alcohol intake with acute alcohol consumption 12 days before admission, in the presence of abdominal pain with spectacular remission after oral administration of 5% glucose solution, accompanied by a 2.5 fold increase of urinary porphobilinogen with normal values for porphyrins and urinary lead, and normal full blood count establishes the diagnosis of AIP.

Conclusion We describe a case of AIP probably triggered by acute alcohol consumption, with neurovisceral dominant clinical picture mimicking an acute abdomen. Late disease occurrence as first acute episode at older age accompanied by overt type 2 DM, suggests a latent type of AIP in our patient. The appropriate recognition of latent AIP cases in proband’s offspring prevents unnecessary blind surgery when repeated episodes of unexplained abdominal pain occur.
Orectic And Anorectic Peptides And Their Implication In Obesity And The Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Bodea Alina , Popa Amorin Remus
Published: June 2015

Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome and obesity are now globally widespread clinical conditions, addressing different ages, lately extending to young and children. The causes are multiple, involving an interaction between individual genetic risk factors and environmental factors. Many studies showed the importance of the hypothalamic neuropeptides and other neuropeptides in the regulation of the balance between food intake and energy consumption. We reviewed 25 recent research studies describing the physiological and physiopathological mechanisms of the orectic and anorectic peptides and their interaction to adjust the balance between food intake and energy expenditure.

Conclusions: The hypothalamus, through its nuclei (arcuate and paraventricular) controls the balance between food intake and energy expenditure. The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) / Cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) neurons represent the anorectic centre. The neurons that release neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) by stimulation form the orectic centre. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the main hypothalamic orectic neuropeptide. Its action, besides stimulating the orectic effect, is to modulate the release of other hypothalamic orectic and anorectic neuropeptides. In addition, the energy balance is regulated by adipokines released by the adipose cells, hormones and neurotransmitters, blood glucose level and other metabolites.
A Review Of Recommended Foods In The Prevention Of Cancer
Authors: Mogoş Tiberius , Dondoi Carmen , Chelan Claudia , Iacobini Andra Evelin
Published: June 2015

Both the medical practice and the scientific research proved that a number of nutritional products or nutritive elements could have a preventive role (especially in subjects in whom these reach a lower level than the physiological ones) in the prevention of cancer. The list of these products is quite large, but in this article we shall present only part of them. We emphasize that the aliments described are easy to find and are not expensive.
Risk Factors For Gestational Diabetes – An Update
Authors: Dobjanschi Carmen , Miulescu Rucsandra Dănciulescu
Published: June 2015

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GDM has a substantial impact on maternal and foetal short and long-term health. Risk factors for GDM may be genetic or nongenetic and have been analysed in numerous studies. Researches in recent years allowed the identification of other risk factors for GDM except for those already known. Knowledge and identification of all risk factors for GDM allows the elaboration of a prevention strategy of T2DM, it may influence the screening, diagnosis, and, subsequently, treatment modalities for this disease.
Nutrients availability and hydrological conditions of selected wetland ecosystems in the Biebrza river valley
Authors: Stelmaszczyk Mateusz , Okruszko Tomasz , Meire Patrick
Published: June 2015

Nutrients availability and hydrological conditions of selected wetland ecosystems in the Biebrza river valley. Paper presents results of investigation of hydrological conditions and nutrients limitation and availability for wetland vegetation in selected sites within Biebrza river valley. Analysed sites were overgrown by tall sedge Magnocaricion vegetation (Caricetum gracilis and Caricetum elatae), wet meadow Molinio-Arrhenatheretea vegetation (Molinietum caeruleae), and sedge-moss Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae vegetation (Caricetum lasiocarpae). There were noted a close relationship between vegetation types, hydrological regimes and kind of nutrient limitation. Low productive Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae vegetations fed mainly by groundwater were limited by phosphorus, while highly productive Magnocaricion vegetation, fed by river water, was subjected to nitrogen limitation. We have found big diversification of groundwater and surface water levels within habitats of different vegetation types along the Biebrza river valley. Magnocaricion vegetation present on flooded areas is characterized by significant water level fluctuations and long-lasting inundations. On areas covered by Molinio-Arrhenatheretea vegetation we noted majority of water levels not exceeding the level of the ground surface. Whereas Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae vegetation, fed by groundwater, is characterized by low variation of groundwater levels.
Removal of dissolved metals by activated carbon from road runoff in batch systems – equilibrium and kinetic
Authors: Pawluk Katarzyna , Fronczyk Joanna
Published: June 2015

Removal of dissolved metals by activated carbon from road runoff in batch systems – equilibrium and kinetic. Activated carbon is an effective sorbent for removing organic and inorganic contaminants from aqueous solutions. In conducted experiments, granulated activated carbon (GAC) was used to examine the adsorption processes of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Studies (performed in batch system) were carried out as a function of time, heavy metals concentration and pH values. The obtained results show that GAC effectively removes mentioned metals. Numerous kinetic models were used to investigate the mechanism of adsorption processes. Using the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacities were calculated to be 3.010, 3.662, 4.430, 3.800 and 4.169 mg·g–1 for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively, in neutral conditions and 2.684, 2.578, 3.482, 2.592 and 2.253 mg·g–1 in acidic conditions.
New Solutions Based On Wireless Networks For Dynamic Traffic Lights Management: A Comparison Between IEEE 802.15.4 And Bluetooth
Authors: Collotta Mario , Pau Giovanni
Published: June 2015

The Wireless Sensor Networks are widely used to detect and exchange information and in recent years they have been increasingly involved in Intelligent Transportation System applications, especially in dynamic management of signalized intersections. In fact, the real-time knowledge of information concerning traffic light junctions represents a valid solution to congestion problems. In this paper, a wireless network architecture, based on IEEE 802.15.4 or Bluetooth, in order to monitor vehicular traffic flows near to traffic lights, is introduced. Moreover, an innovative algorithm is proposed in order to determine dynamically green times and phase sequence of traffic lights, based on measured values of traffic flows. Several simulations compare IEEE 802.15.4 and Bluetooth protocols in order to identify the more suitable communication protocol for ITS applications. Furthermore, in order to confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm for the dynamic management of traffic lights, some case studies have been considered and several simulations have been performed.
Die Theologie von Thomas Manns „Joseph und seine Brüder“
Authors: Rohls Jan
Published: June 2015

Thomas Mann’s novel „Joseph und seine Brüder“ implies a theology working with a concept of God which is deeply influenced by Max Scheler’s lecture „Die Stellung des Menschen im Kosmos“. God is seen as someone whose development depends on the spiritual efforts of mankind.
Source Document / Edition: Eine unbekannte Traupredigt Paul Tillichs
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm
Published: June 2015

On 11 October 1947 Paul Tillich conducted the wedding service of Dankwart Rüstow and Rahel Löwe. He gave the church’s blessing to the son and daughter of two friends, Alexander Rüstow and Adolf Löwe, whom he had known since his time as a Privatdozent in Berlin. Both had been involved to different degrees in the Kairos-Circle which had formed around Tillich immediately after the First World War. The sermon, which was unknown for a long time, is published here in a critical edition together with a historical introduction. Tillich makes use of two key concepts, ‘scattering’ and ‘re-unifying’ to illustrate marriage as a sign of the Exile.
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Does Not Exacerbate Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in theSOD1G93ARat Model
Authors: Thomsen Gretchen M. , Vit Jean-Philippe , Lamb Alexander , Gowing Genevieve , Shelest Oksana , Alkaslasi Mor , Ley Eric J. , Svendsen Clive N.
Published: June 2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease in which upper and lower motor neurons degenerate, leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death within 3 to 5 years of onset. While a small percentage of ALS cases are genetically linked, the majority are sporadic with unknown origin. Currently, etiological links are associated with disease onset without mechanistic understanding. Of all the putative risk factors, however, head trauma has emerged as a consistent candidate for initiating the molecular cascades of ALS. Here, we test the hypothesis that traumatic brain injury (TBI) in theSOD1G93Atransgenic rat model of ALS leads to early disease onset and shortened lifespan. We demonstrate, however, that a one-time acute focal injury caused by controlled cortical impact does not affect disease onset or survival. Establishing the negligible involvement of a single acute focal brain injury in an ALS rat model increases the current understanding of the disease. Critically, untangling a single focal TBI from multiple mild injuries provides a rationale for scientists and physicians to increase focus on repeat injuries to hopefully pinpoint a contributing cause of ALS.
Perubahan Fungsi dan Struktur Bangunan Cagar Budaya Ditinjau dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Cagar Budaya
Authors: Panggabean Sriayu Aritha
Published: June 2015

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan fungsi dan struktur Bangunan Cagar Budaya dilihat dari prspektif Undang-Undang Cagar Budaya. Selain itu, akan dianalisis mengenai proses perizinan pembanguan Semarang Contemporary Art Gallery yang dialihfungsikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis sosiologis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tindakan Pemerintah Kota Semarang terhadap perubahan fungsi dan struktur bangunan Cagar Budaya sudah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2010 Tentang Cagar Budaya yaitu sebagai tindakan revitalisasi bangunan tetapi dengan tidak merubah bentuk asli luar dari bangunan Cagar Budaya tersebut. Sementara itu, proses perijinan dalam pembangunan Contemporary Art Gallery dilakukan dengan mendapakan kajian dari Badan Pengelola Kawasan Kota Lama (BPK2L). Setelah itu, Dinas Tata Kota dan Perumahan Semarang akan berunding dengan Badan Pelestarian Cagar Budaya kota Semarang dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat untuk mengeluarkan keterangan rencana kota serta Ijin Mendirikan Bangunan yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pelayanan Perijinan Terpadu (BPPT). Ketika bangunan akan difungsikan maka BPPT akan mengeluarkan H.O (Ijin Gangguan) dan SIUP (Surat Izin Usaha Perdagangan).

This study aims to analyze changes in the function and structure of Heritage Buildings seen from prspectif Heritage Act. Moreover, it will be analyzed on the Development of the licensing process Semarang Contemporary Art Gallery are converted. This study uses socio-juridical research with qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that Semarang government action to change the function and structure of the heritage buildings are in accordance with Act No. 11 Year 2010 on Heritage is a revitalization of the building but the action does not change the original shape of the building outside the Cultural Heritage. Meanwhile, in the construction permitting process conducted by the Contemporary Art Gallery assigned the study of the Old City Area Management Board (BPK2L). After that, the Department of Urban Planning and Housing Semarang will negotiate with the Heritage Preservation Board Semarang and NGOs to issue a City planning and building permit issued by the Integrated Licensing Service Agency (BPPT). When building will function then BPPT will issue HO (Disturbance Permit) and License (Trading License).
Afirmasi Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Fasilitasi Kerja bagi Penyandang Disabilitas
Authors: Latuconsina Zulfah
Published: June 2015

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk afirmatif kebijakan pemerintah dalam fasilitasi kerja bagi penyandang disabilitas di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, persepsi penyandang disabilitas terhadap afirmatif kebijakan pemerintah, dan mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan afirmatif kebijakan pemerintah tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis sosiologis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kuota minimal hak kerja bagi penyandang disabilitas tidak terpenuhi. Namun pemerintah masih berupaya untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut. Upaya ini diwujudkan melalui afirmatif kebijakan pemerintah dalam fasilitasi kerja bagi penyandang disabilitas, yaitu dengan memberikan pelatihan keterampilan, bantuan sosial bagi penyandang disabilitas dan pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tentang Pemenuhan Hak Penyandang Disabilitas yang sejauh ini masih dalam tahap Rancangan Peraturan Daerah (Raperda). Persatuan Penyandang Cacat Indonesia menilai bahwa pelatihan yang diberikan pemerintah dirasa sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan perkembangan jaman dan kebutuhan hidup penyandang disabilitas. Hal serupa turut disuarakan oleh Gerkatin. Sedangkan tentang kehadiran Raperda, baik Persatuan Penyandang Cacat Indonesia maupun Gerkatin memberikan respon positif. Adapun faktor penyebab afirmatif kebijakan pemerintah yang berlaku saat ini belum dapat berjalan dengan baik dikarenakan ketidakpatuhan pihak – pihak serta ketidaktahuan pihak perusahaan mengenai adanya aturan tentang kuota minimal hak kerja bagi penyandang disabilitas.

The purposes of this study are to knows the form of affirmative policies of local goverment to facilitating of work to disabilities, to knows how the respons of disabilities, and to knows what the obstacles to implementation those policies. This study is using sosio - juridical with descriptive approach. The result of this study is showing that the minimum quota of disabilities’s work right is insatiable. But the local goverment’s keeping try to actualizing it with their affirmative policies. These affirmative policies exist to faciliting disabilities to get their’s work right. The local goverment give it by training skill of disabilities, giving social capital, and by formating the draft of local regulation about acquirement of disabilities rights. The unity of Indonesia’s Disabilities and The Unity of Deaf People of Indonesia give positive respons to the policies. But the policies which applicating by the local goverments is getting obtacles. The obtacles of application is causing by disobediently by the people and knowless of the people obout the regulation which regulating the minimum qouta of disabilities’s work right.
Pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: efficacy of radioiodine therapy and prognostic factors
Authors: Song Hong-Jun , Qiu Zhong-Ling , Shen Chen-Tian , Wei Wei-Jun , Luo Quan-Yong
Published: June 2015

Context

Data from a large cohort of patients with pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) were retrospectively analyzed.

Objective

To assess the effect of radioiodine therapy and investigate the prognostic factors of survival for patients with pulmonary metastasis secondary to DTC.

Methods

A total of 372 patients with pulmonary metastasis from DTC treated with131I entered the study. According to the results of131I whole-body scan (WBS), pulmonary metastases were classified as131I-avid and non-131I-avid. For patients with131I-avid lung metastases, treatment response was measured by three parameters: serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, chest computed tomography (CT) and post-therapeutic131I-WBS. Overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors predictive of the outcome were determined by multivariate analyses.

Results

Among patients demonstrating131I-avid pulmonary metastases (256/372, 68.8%), 156 cases (156/256, 60.9%) showed a significant decrease in serum Tg levels after131I therapy and 138 cases (138/229, 60.3%) showed a reduction in pulmonary metastases on follow-up CT. A complete cure, however, was only achieved in 62 cases (62/256, 24.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that only age, the presence of multiple distant metastases and pulmonary metastatic node size were significant independent variables between the groups of131I-avid and non-131I-avid.

Conclusion

This study indicated that, most131I-avid pulmonary metastases from DTC can obtain partial or complete remission after131I therapy. Younger patients (<40 years old) with only pulmonary metastases and small (‘fine miliaric’ or micronodular) metastases appear to have relative favorite outcomes. Patients who do not respond to131I treatment have a worse prognosis.
Epigenetic Modification of Nociceptive Mediators: Implications for the Etiology of Neural Hypersensitivity (Part II)
Authors: Wang Fuzhou
Published: June 2015

Although pain is the most awful feeling for personal perception, it possesses critical benefits for preventing our human being to be injured further. Pain itself forms an overbalanced microenvironment in which people undertakes individualized changes in its neurobiological, psychological, endocrinological and genetic properties especially in the context of chronic pain or when the acute pain transmitted to chronicity. Our previous part (Part I) review the general epigenetic modification of nociceptive contributing factors in the context of chronic pain. Herein (Part II) we paid specific attention on the epigenetic regulation of pain-associated molecules including neurotransmitters and other factors. A detailed understanding of the specific modulating factors that influence individual epigenetic differences contributing to pain sensitivity and responsiveness to analgesics possesses essential implications in clinical pain management.
EL debate sobre la abolición del comercio internacional de esclavos durante la independencia y la temprana república en Colombia
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo intenta abordar el intenso debate registrado en torno al tráfico internacional de esclavos durante el periodo de Independencia y los primeros años de vida republicana en Colombia. El camino hacia la abolición no fue fácil. Fue evidente el juego de fuerzas entre tendencias conservadoras y progresistas, lo cual hizo que este proceso estuviera signado por una combinación de avances y retrocesos. Particularmente, los sectores económicos que dependían de la mano de obra expresaron su oposición a los intentos por implementar restricciones a esta actividad comercial. Los continuos cambios de gobierno, en razón a la intensa lucha política y militar por el poder, impidió el desarrollo de una política coherente a largo plazo en materia de abolición del tráfico esclavista aunque es indudable que los gobiernos le imprimieron un mayor impulso a este propósito humanitario. Finalmente, debe reconocerse que estos debates en torno a la trata de alguna manera contribuyeron a estimular las propuestas que tenían como meta abolir definitivamente el sistema esclavista.
Mecanismos de control en la ciudad de Osorno en el contexto de dictadura militar 1973 - 1990
Authors: Sepúlveda Chávez Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2015

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir los mecanismos de poder y control utilizados en la ciudad de Osorno bajo en el período de Dictadura Militar.  El Golpe Militar del 11 de septiembre de 1973 y la instauración de una dictadura de diecisiete años en Chile, fue un hecho que marcó a la sociedad chilena en general.  Durante el tiempo que duró, se intentó omitir los violentos actos ejecutados contra todos los contrarios al régimen militar.  Sistemáticas violaciones a los Derechos Humanos, segregación, desigualdad social, instauración del sistema neoliberal, entre otras, son solo algunas de sus principales secuelas, que fueron respaldadas por los variados mecanismos de control utilizados por el Estado chileno.
Acerca de los orígenes de las festividades de la Virgen del Mar en la Ciudad de Puntarenas
Authors: Abarca Oriester , Arias Alpízar Luz Mary
Published: June 2015

La advocación de la Virgen del Carmen es una tradición de origen europeo que se difundió en América al menos desde el siglo XVII. En su versión de Virgen del Mar se difundió desde España. Fundadas por el presbítero José Daniel Carmona en 1914, en la ciudad de Puntarenas se celebran las festividades de la Virgen del Mar como un conjunto de actos religiosos que también suponen la confluencia de intereses económicos y políticos. 
El retrato del recuerdo y el olvido. Políticas de conciliación, olvido y memorias emblemáticas de la dictadura de Federico Tinoco Granados (1917-1963)
Authors: Bonilla Castro Alejandro
Published: June 2015

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar las memorias emblemáticas creadas por los tinoquistas, los revolucionarios y los sectores populares durante la dictadura de Federico Tinoco Granados (1917-1919) y la transición democrática – conocida como Proceso de la Restauración – llevada a cabo entre 1920 y 1924. Se analizarán las confrontaciones de estas memorias en los medios de comunicación, el espacio público y en las instituciones del Estado y el efecto a largo plazo de las llamadas políticas de conciliación, aplicadas por el gobierno de Julio Acosta García, en el recuerdo colectivo del periodo dictatorial.
APLICACIÓN DEL MÉTODO BAYES EMPÍRICO EN ANÁLISIS DE SEGURIDAD VIAL: EL CASO DE LA RUTA 32 EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Castro Estrada Esteban Alberto , Aguero Valverde Jonathan
Published: June 2015

Existe una problemática evidente de frecuencia y severidad de choques en la Ruta Nacional 32 en Costa Rica. Debido a que es una de las carreteras más importantes del país, y que además representa prácticamente la única vía directa de comunicación entre la Gran Área Metropolitana y la Vertiente Atlántica, se realiza un análisis de tramos de concentración de choques.

Para realizar este análisis se utilizó el Método de exceso de frecuencia de choques esperado con el ajuste de Bayes empírico. Este método toma en cuenta tres aspectos importantes que lo hacen más preciso que otros: la disponibilidad de datos, el sesgo de regresión a la media y cómo se establece el umbral de desempeño.

Primero se ubicaron todos los choques viales a lo largo de la carretera, la cual fue dividida en segmentos, los cuales posteriormente serían evaluados para determinar su clasificación respecto a frecuencia de choques. Seguidamente se aplicó el método propiamente dicho, el cual concluye determinando el exceso de frecuencia de choques viales con respecto a la cantidad que se considera como esperable según la función de desempeño, para cada uno de los tramos en cada una de las gravedades, para así clasificarlos y definir cuáles son los que conviene intervenir con mayor prontitud.
Electrical Characteristics of RF Sputtered ZnO/HfO2 Interfaces in Transparent Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Thapaliya Prem , Lu Wenchao , Jha Rashmi
Published: June 2015

In this work, we have reported the interface characterization of rf sputtered ZnO/HfO2 in thin film transistor structure by dc current-voltage and admittance spectroscopy. The interface state density (Dit) of 1013 eV−1cm−2 was extracted from the Gp/ω vs ω plot was comparable to value obtained from the subthreshold behavior. The grain boundary trap density (NGB) of 9.12×1012 cm−2 was estimated using Levinson’s model. The interface state density distribution below the conduction band edge shows a decreasing trend with energy below the conduction band edge. We also studied the impact of introducing MgO interfacial layer between ZnO and HfO2 interface as an approach towards decreasing the interface state density.
RUBELLA VIRUS AND ITS TERATOGENIC ACTION. PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL COURSE, DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION OF CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME. Part 2. Congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Antipova A. J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The second part of the review deals with teratogenic action of the Rubella virus and description of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The review contains updates concerning clinical signs of congenital rubella. The frequency of CRS in modern period of time is discussed.
THE PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PEPTIDE PREPARATIONS FOR CLINICAL USE WHICH HAVE ANTI-INFECTION AND IMMUNE-MODULATING ACTIVITY
Authors: Andreeva L. A. , Mezentseva M. V. , Narovlianskiy A. N. , Nagaev I. Ju. , Shapoval I. M. , Scherbenko V. E. , Russu L. I. , Miasoedov N. F.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of current work is to study influence of peptides in vitro and in vivo on cytokines synthesis (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNFα) on the level of their transcription and production. The study of synthesized peptides has shown that all of them had antiviral activity related to tested pathogens (HSV, influenza H3N2, VEMC) with different grade. It could be explained by induction of cytokine response under the action of peptides in norm and in case of viral infections in vitro. However, data obtained in vivo, more adequately characterized antiviral activity of synthesized peptides. The results of study have shown that minimal fragments which had antiviral characteristics are dual peptides Thr-Lys and Gly-Pro; more active as antiviral was peptide Gly-Pro. Thus, our conception about possibility of minimal fragment’s selection from Selank peptide sequence having antiviral activity has been confirmed. This make possible directional construction of new peptides for clinical use which will be helpful in combating with social related diseases as influenza, herpes viral infection etc.
SIGNIFICANCE OF UROGENITAL INFECTIONS IN PATHOLOGY OF PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY IN EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Arshba I. M. , Dzhikidze E. K.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Development of adequate models in laboratory animals is highly important to detect etiological links between urogenital tract pathology and chlamydia, mycoplasma and ureaplasma bacteria. These model systems can be very useful to find solutions in combating with urogenital tract diseases. One of the obligatory conditions to use monkeys in development of experimental models of infectious and somatic human diseases is knowledge of spontaneous pathology in primates. The present study has shown high frequency of urogenital infections bacteria in the urogenital tract of healthy and sick monkeys.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS CIRCULATING IN THE URAL REGION, RUSSIA
Authors: Umpeleva T. V. , Kravchenko M. A. , Eremeeva N. I. , Vyazovaya A. A. , Narvskaya O. V.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Overall 178 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered in 2009–2011 from newly diagnosed epidemiologically unlinked to TB patients in the Ural region of Russia have been studied. The absolute concentration method was used for drug susceptibility testing. Mutations katG, inhA and rpoB associated with resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin were detected by microchip technology («TB-Biochip»). The isolates were genotyped by real-time PCR for the detection of Beijing/non-Beijing genotypes and 15-locus MIRU-VNTR typing according to «MIRU-VNTRplus» (http://www.miru-vntrplus.org). More than half (55.1%) of 178 isolates belonged to the Beijing family, 58.7% of them were multiple drug resistant (MDR) mostly due to rpoBSer531→Leu and katGSer315→Thr1 substitutions. Fifty VNTR profiles were found in 98 Beijing isolates; 57 of them grouped into 9 clusters. The largest VNTR cluster included 23 (23.5%) Beijing isolates and 21 of them were MDR. The 80 non-Beijing isolates showed 64 distinct VNTR patterns which belonged to 6 genetic families: LAM, Ural, Haarlem, etc. Among LAM and Ural isolates 30.4% and 28.6% were MDR, respectively. The 5 of 7 MDR LAM isolates had specific mutation profile:  rpoBAsp516→Val substitution and mutations katGSer315→Thr1 and inhA_T15. The MDR Ural isolates showed the heterogeneity of mutations in rpoB gene compared to other genotypes. Taken together, these findings suggest the emergence and spread of MDR-TB in the Ural region which is characterized by circulation of MDR strains of different genotypes with the Beijing family genotype to be predominant.
ENTEROBACTERIACAE, PRODUCING ESBLS AND METALLO-β-LACTAMASE NDM-1, ISOLATED IN HOSPITALS OF BALTIC REGION COUNTRIES
Authors: Egorova S. A. , Kaftyreva L. A. , Lipskaya L. V. , Konovalenko I. B. , Pyasetskaya M. F. , Kurchikova T. S. , Vedernikova N. B. , Morozova O. T. , Smirnova M. V. , Popenko L. N. , Lubushkina M. I. , Savochkina J. A. , Makarova M. A. , Suzhaeva L. V. , Ostankova J. V. , Ivanova M. N. , Pavelkovich A. M. , Naaber P. , Sepp E. , Kõljalg S. , Miciuleviciene J. , Balode A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We studied the prevalence of K. pneumoniae and E. coli resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, isolated from patients of eight hospitals in St-Petersburg from January to May, 2012. Prevalence of cephalosporin resistant isolates varied in different hospitals: E. coli – from 7,8 to 50%, K. pneumoniae – from 25,4 to 88,4%. Isolates produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases СТХ-М, mainly СТХ-М-1, also СТХ-М-2 and СТХ-М-9. Twenty two carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains (also resistant to other antimicrobials) were isolated in three hospitals. MALDI-TOF MS showed that carbapenem resistance was caused by carbapenemase. Carbapenemases of all isolates belonged to metallo-β-lactamases according to results of the ROSCO Diagnostica tests. The gene coding production of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM-1) were detected in all strains. Our data confirmed that the main cephalosporin resistance mechanism of E. coli и K. pneumoniae in Baltic region (including Russia, St-Petersburg) is CTX-M-1 production. For the first time in Russia K. pneumoniae strains  producing metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 were isolated in several hospitals of St-Petersburg.
MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF YERSINIA AS THE BASIS OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVELLANCE OF YERSINIOSIS IN ORGANIZED GROUРS
Authors: Panin A. L. , Kraeva L. A. , Sboychakov V. B. , Belov A. B. , Bolekhan V. N. , Vlasov D. Yu. , Tseneva G. Ya.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Practical decision of infectology problem depends on the correct assessment of the main concepts of epidemiology and microbiology. The feasibility of attracting the attention of specialists in related disciplines to the problem of microbiological monitoring is discussed. In connection with the capabilities of highly sensitive molecular methods and mathematical modeling on the example of microbiological monitoring of Yersinia was made attempt to analyse mod- ern opportunities of bacteriology and to enter a predictive component as an important element of purposeful activity into monitoring definition. Yersiniosis are one of the most urgent infectious diseases. A variety of biological properties of Yersinia, their various epidemiological importance (Yersinia spp. enter into I, III and the IV groups of virulence), group incidence of Yersiniosis in the organized groups, mobility of genes of a virulence and change of pathogenic properties of Yersinia from strain to strain cause need of carrying out microbiological monitoring with a predictive component in new social and biological conditions.
THE CELLS WITH MYCOBACTERIA IN GRANULOMATOUS AGGREGATES FROM MICE WITH LATENT TUBERCULOUS INFECTION IN EX VIVO CULTURE
Authors: Ufimtseva E. G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of this study was to obtain ex vivo monolayer culture cells migrated from individual granulomas isolated from the spleens of the Balb/c line mice through 1–2 months after BCG vaccine infection. The second goal was to evaluate influence of different types of cells in the development of granulomatic inflammation and analysis of BCG bacteria content in these cells in the latent stage of tuberculosis. Granulomas were presented by macrophages in general. The number of granulomas was varied as in one mouse as between mice. Granulomas contained also dendritic cells (in average 10% from macrophages of granulomas) and lymphocytes. In some granulomas fibroblasts, neutrophils, eosiniphils, multinuclear cells of Pirogov–Langhans, megacariocytes and platelets were observed in all stages of infection. The number of these cells was also varied between granulomas. The acid staining BCG bacteria were only detected in macrophages, dendritic cells and Pirogov–Langhans cells of mice granulomas. Mice were different as by number of cells with BCG bacteria in granulomas as by number of granulomas with BCG-containing cells. The proposed model of granuloma cells of mice in ex vivo culture can be used to study interaction between host cells and mycobacteria to find new ways and methods of influence to intracellular pathogens in latent stage of tuberculosis.
THE ACCELERATED METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC CORYNEBACTERIUM
Authors: Gabrielyan S. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The detection of cystinase activity is one of most important tests in the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria, giving the opportunity to differentiate potential toxigenic species from other coryneform bacteria. The original recipe of Pizu media for detection of cystinase activity, proposed in 1939–1940, was modified several times (1982, 1989) for different reasons. In the last modification the Pizu media was prepared by using the AGV media as a nutritional base. We suggest a modification of Pizu media using Mueller-Hinton agar as nutritional basis. The Mueller-Hinton agar has a number of advantages: higher nutritional value, standardization, transparency and availability. A positive result is defined within 2–4 hours after inoculation of enough quantity of material (pure culture or C. diphtheriaе in association with other microorganisms) as a brown halo surrounding black colonies. The brown halo does not appear in the upper part of the media (0,5–1 cm). The modified media was checked with 21 strains of C. diphtheriaе (tox+), nine strains of coryneform bacteria, control strains NCTC 10648, NCTC 10356, NCTC 3984. The modified Pizu media is registered in the RA mental property agency as an invention (no. 1877 A2, 15.12.2006).
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE AND PRESENCE OF CLASS 1 INTEGRONS IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS, CIRCULATING IN ARMENIA
Authors: Sedrakyan A. M. , Arakelova K. A. , Zakaryan M. K. , Hovhanisyan A. I. , Asoyan A. V. , Gevorkyan Z. U. , Mnatsakanyan A. A. , Ktsoyan Z. A. , Boyajyan A. S. , Aminov R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of this work was detection of class 1 integrons and their contribution to the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in strains of   subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis. S. Enteritidis strains (n = 29) were isolated from patients with salmonellosis at “Nork” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. High prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes was revealed and isolates with MDR phenotypes which are rare in the S. Enteritidis serotype were observed. Class 1 integrons were detected in 27,6% of isolates, with the prevalence of a variable region of 1000 bp. Occurrence of the MDR phenotype was more frequent in integron-positive isolates compared to integron-negative isolates of S. Enteritidis. Further studies are necessary to reveal the genetic background of MDR phenotypes and to estimate the genetic kinship among the isolates. Our results suggest a rapid and large-scale penetration of antibiotic resistance genes into populations of S. Enteritidis, which complicates infection control. More rigorous regulations should be imposed on antibiotic use, together with a vigilant epidemiological surveillance, to prevent the emergence and spread of MDR S. Enteritidis.
VIRAL HEPATITIS E DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Malinnikova E. Yu. , Ilchenko L. Yu. , Mikhaylov M. I.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The results of clinical and epidemiological studies conducted in the M.P. Chumakov’ Research Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis and in the different research institutions of the world have been summarized in the current article. Data on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis E are presented. Increasing of significance of this infection for health care system in Russia is emphasized . The actual problems of hepatitis E (autochthonic hepatitis E, hepatitis E as zoonosis, chronic hepatitis E) are discussed.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CYTOKINES SERUM LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH CHICKEN POX
Authors: Zheleznikova G. F. , Lobzin Y. V. , Skripchenko N. V. , Ivanova G. P. , Skripchenko E. Y. , Monakhova N. E.
Published: June 2015

The serum levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IFNα, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-10 were tested in ELISA in 74 children with different courses of chicken pox. Moderate severity course of chicken pox was accompanied by significant increase of IL-1β, IL-8, IFNα, IFNγ, IL-10 levels, but severe course of infection was associated with cytokine response reduction. Manifestation of varicella-zoster virus encephalitis was accompanied by the rise of IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ and IL-10 levels during the second week of disease.