bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incision and drainage versus loop technique in the management of soft tissue and skin abscess in the emergency department; systematic review
Authors: Alanazi Mazi , Alabdali Tareq , Alnuwaiser Jafer , Alotaibi Renad , Alnasihah Norah , Almohammadi Wasan , Almorebah Abdulmalik , Alqahtani Saeed , Alshammari Alwaleed , Alturki Fatimah , Alfawzan Rawabi , Alotaibi Abdulrahman
Published: December 2024

A common presentation to the emergency department is a skin and soft tissue abscess. Incision and drainage (I & D) are the main therapy for most abscesses; nevertheless, they can cause discomfort and necessitate repeated visits. Another, less intrusive method of managing abscess is loop drainage (LD). Comparing LD with I & D for skin and soft tissue abscesses was the main goal of this study. Hence, this review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and best practices for systematic reviews. The electronic databases that were searched for included Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar, for publications released between 2016 and 2023. The bibliographies available for the studies were reviewed and examined to ensure that nothing was missing. In this systematic review, five trials including 409 patients were considered. One retrospective investigation and four randomized controlled trials. Admission, intravenous antibiotics, and the requirement for repeat I&D are examples of outcome metrics. The normal I&D method and the LD approach are equal in terms of issues and abscess clearance. LD and I&D are comparable in terms of effectiveness and the possibility of total abscess clearance in 14 days. When treating adult subcutaneous abscesses, the failure rates of the loop and packing procedures were comparable.
Exploring the Potency of Lower Respiratory Tract Microbiomeas Biomarkers for Lung Cancer
Authors: Rasheed Sama Kamal , Al-Khafaji Ahmed Salim Kadhim
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer is the first killer among all the known malignancies. Late detection of this malignancy is a major contributor to advanced-stage diagnosis and poor outcomes. Pulmonary microbiota has been recently reported as one of lung cancer risk hallmarks that is still to be fully understood. This study aimed to explore the potential role of microbiome in predicting lung carcinogenesis. Microbiome Library Construction of the 16SrRNA variable region (V3–V4) was conducted by gene amplicon sequencing using the Illumina sequencing platform. Microbiome data was analysed using Version QIIME2-202006 software for species annotations. The sequences were denoised by the DADA2 plugin implemented in QIIMETM2. The bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were then identified. The results of 16SrRNA sequencing and gene library bioinformatic analysis indicated that Haemophilus, Prevotella, and Streptococcus were on the top of abundant genera. The species Haemophilus influenza has also been identified among the top 12 bacterial species in malignant and non-malignant lung samples. Microbiome-based identification of the human airway microbiota may provide effective predictive biomarkers for lung carcinogenesis.
Detection of Some Heavy Metals (Mercury and Lead) Pollutants and their Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Ghaidan Hajer Qais , Al-Dhamin Ahmed Saad Abdulwahhab
Published: December 2024

Due to the increased use of products carrying heavy metals caused by human factors in the streets of the city of Baghdad and their direct impact on the air, water quality and soil pollution, heavy metals pollution is one of the important environmental problems. As heavy metals cannot be degraded, they accumulate biologically, and, therefore, can directly threaten higher organisms including humans. The current study focused on detecting heavy metals (mercury and lead) to determine the adverse effects and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. One hundred total blood samples were collected from healthy people and the patients of both sexes who were suffering from T2DM, with mean age of 31 to 75 years, after 8 to 12 hours of fasting. The first group - G1 the control group consisted of 20 health people (6 males and 14 females). The second group - G2 included 40 patients (20 males and 20 females) who had T2DM and were not exposed to any pollutants. The third group - G3 included 40 males with T2DM and also who were exposed to smoke from local electricity generators, as these samples were collected from workers or living near generators and were exposed to air pollution for a long time. Blood samples were collected from each individual by drawing blood from a vein to evaluate each of the biochemical tests, as well as detecting of some heavy metals such as mercury and lead. The results showed that there was a highly significant increase (p≤0.01) when both fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c were analysed. As for the results of the analysis of the types of lipid profile, there is no significant difference in cholesterol, while there was a significant increase (p≤0.05) in both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholestrol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholestrol and a highly significant increase (p≤0.01) for both triglyceride and high density lipoporotein cholesterol (HDL) cholestrol. The results of the liver function analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the results of the enzyme serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) as well as total bilirubin, while there was a significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Significant increase (p≤0.01) was detected in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme for each of the studied groups. The results of the detection of the presence of heavy metals using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer showed that there was a significant increase (p≤0.01) in lead, and as for mercury, no significant difference was noticed.
Histological and Enzymatic Changes of the Liver in Common Carp(Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) After Chronic Exposure to A Mixture of Goldate and Alexander Pesticides
Authors: Salih Noor Yaseen , Al-Azawi Ahmed J. Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Pesticides are man-made chemical compounds, widely used in agriculture to control different types of pests, product crops and prevent diseases which damage them. This experiment used herbicide Goldate, insecticide Alexander and their mixture with different concentrations exposed to common carp in 40L glass aquaria. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) means value of mixture pesticides compared with control. The liver tissues of the fish exposure to pesticides groups G1, A1, M1 and M2 showed different degrees of jaundice, cellular swelling, necrosis hepatocytes and vascular degeneration of pancreatic acini and aggregation of bile pigments. These effects increased with the increase in pesticides concentrations and exposure time. These effects also increased when exposure was to more than one pesticide at the same time. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two pesticides as mixture, study the chronic toxicity of Goldate, Alexander and their mixture by assessing  ALT, AST and liver histological changes. This study concluded that the Goldate + Alexander mixture had adverse effects more than each one alone.
Protective effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid against diclofenac-induced renal damage in male albino rats
Authors: Ayat Abdaljabar Al-kubaise  , Ayyad W. Al-Shahwany
Published: December 2024

Acute renal injury is a serious condition of severe damage to the kidney tissue resulting from various causes. Some medicinal plants have been used to treat certain renal injury. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the protective effect of Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on kidney function   in rat models with induced kidney damage by Diclofenac sodium (Voltarene®, 50 mg coated tablets). Glycyrrhizic acid was given at doses of 200 and 400  mg/kg/day orally for 30  days. Its protective effect was evaluated by renal function tests . The result showed significant decreased the elevation of urea  , serum  creatinine and uric acid. Also, The result show significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride concentration and low-density lipoprotein, and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein concentration. Therefore, GA can be used for the prevention and treatment of renal damage  and some kidney and liver  disorders.
Synthesis and Biological Studies of Schiff Bases Derived from 4-methyl 7-Ethylcoumarin
Authors: Kazem Muntather Hossam , Ahamed Luma S.
Published: December 2024

New 7-ethyl-4-methyl coumarin derivatives bearing an azo methene group (C=N) were synthesized by a four-step process. The reaction between 7-ethylphenol and ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of sulfuric acid afforded 7-ethyl-4-methylcoumarin 1 in 90% yield. Nitration conditions (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) were then applied to product 1 to produce 6-nitro-7-ethyl-4-methycoumarin 2 and 8-nitro-4-methyl-7-ethylcoumarin 3. The temperature, the amount of starting materials, and the time of reaction were essential factors in obtaining a high yield of isomer 2 compared to the second isomer 3. The nitro groups at compounds 2 and 3 were then reduced with iron metal in an acidic medium to form the corresponding amino compounds 4 and 5, which were converted to Schiff base derivatives 6-17 via reaction with different substituted aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Evaluating the biological activities of the synthetic compounds was carried out against two bacteria: gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) at 1×10-3 M; compound 15 showed a broad spectrum against these two types of bacteria compared to Vancomycin and Amikacin and against fungi compared to nystatin as a standard drug, but compound 7 showed stronger activities against fungi than the other synthesized compounds. In contrast, the rest of the compounds showed moderate activity against fungi compared with the same standard drag; in the antioxidant study, some new compounds showed powerful antioxidants compared with ascorbic acid as a stander reference by calculating the IC50. Compound 8 showed very good results as an antioxidant agent compared with the same standard.
Estimation of Resistin and Immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM) Levels in the Serum of Iraqi Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 DiabetesMellitus
Authors: Ali Raya Zaid , Saihood Yahya Dreaim , Abbas Ali Hafedh , Hassan Ibtesam Badday
Published: December 2024

Resistin (RE) is a cysteine rich polypeptide. It has been established that in humans adipocytes, pancreatic cells, muscle, and mononuclear cells all express this 108 amino acid polypeptide. It is important to note that resistin is primarily produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans. Its part in the inflammatory processes has been proven. Immunoglobulins IgA and IgM are crucial elements of humoralimmunity. They increase inflammatory responses and the removal of immunological complexes by activating the complement system, sensitizing natural killer cells, phagocytes, and mast cells, and regulating cytotoxic cellular activity. The aim of this study was to determine resistin and immunoglobulin IgA and IgM levels in the serum of type 1 diabetic (T1DM) and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients and the healthy control. This respective study was carried out at the National Center for Diabetes Treatment and Research and the consulting clinics in Al-Muqdadiya District and Baquba District in Iraq during the period from January 2022 to April 2022. It included 153 participants; divided into 3 groups (51 patients with T1DM and 52 patients with T2DM, and 50 healthy control). The result of serum resistin showed that there was a highly significant difference when comparing the mean of serum resistin of T1DM with that of T2DM patients group and the control group. While no significant difference was detected when the mean of serum resistin ofthe T2DM patients group with that of the control group was compared. The mean of immunoglobulins IgA and IgM were compared in T1DM , T2DM patients and the healthy controls with significant differences between the three groups. It can, therefore, be concluded that increased serum resistin levels were recorded in T1DM patients than T2DM patients and healthy control. Increased serum immunoglobulins IgA and IgM levels were also noticed in T1DM and T2DM patients compared with control.
Genetic Characterization of the Thymidine Kinase of Koi Herpesvirus 3 in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq
Authors: Abdulrahman Nasreen M. , Abid Omed I. , Sleman Sirwan , Baba Sheikh Mohammed O. , Rashid Peshnyar M.A. , Abass Zaniar A.
Published: December 2024

Koi herpesvirus 3 (KHV-3) is nominated as an emerging, highly devastating, and contagious viral disease with severe economic losses in the carp aquaculture industries worldwide. Carp rearing under intensive culture conditions is constantly vulnerable to infection by various pathogens in the water. Water temperature has a major influence on the onset and severity of the disease. Since common carp have gained importance in the Iraqi fish industry, the investigation and control of associated diseases, including KHV, are warranted. We confirmed the first detection of the KHV from the collected specimens from the suspected cages in the Sulaymaniyah region. Also, an analysis of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene sequence of the KHV showed that the virus strain had a point mutation (proline, P193) instead of threonine, T193. The isolated KHV strains were subdivided into three clades with three distinct genotypes: Asian (Iranian, Indonesian, Japanese, and Chinese), European (UK), and North American (USA and Mexico) genotypes. The virus sequences were more closely related to the Iranian and Indonesian genotypes. This report describes the first isolation and genetic characterization of koi herpesvirus (KHV) in the Sulaymaniyah province, which is important for efficacious management and vaccination programs in the future to control KHV infection in carp cages in Northern Iraq.
Radionuclides Determination and Hazard Indices Assessment of NORM Contaminated Soil for Oil Fields in Southern Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Zaidoon H. , Al-Mashhadani Asia H.
Published: December 2024

Oil and gas extraction greatly impacts the environment due to the existence of natural radionuclides in crude oil. Uncontrolled dealing with the extraction can lead to radiological contamination. This research aims to determine the radioactivity concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and risk assessment of contaminated soil in oil fields. Three oil fields in Al- Basra government southern of Iraq were investigated; 45 soil samples were collected from several locations, the first group of soil samples from Al Rumaila southern oil field, the second group was collected from Khudair Almay storage site, and the third group collected from a waste pit near an oil-well in Majnoon oil field. High purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used to determine the radioactivity concentrations of radionuclides of the series 238U and 232Th as well as 40K. The mean concentration of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K was found in the soil samples of the first group: 5.625×104±1.5%, 5.157×103±1.43%, and 1.744×103±5.7% Bq kg-1, respectively, 1.07×105±1.5%, 7.90×103±1.43% and 8.33×102 ±5.7% Bq kg-1, respectively for the second group and 4.85×102±5.7%, 5.5×101±9% and 1.65×103±15.9% Bq kg-1, respectively for the third group. 
The hazard indices, total radium equivalent, representative gamma level index, and annual effective dose equivalent were calculated to estimate the potential radiological health risk in these oil fields. The results fluctuate as acceptance in some samples of the third group and not acceptance in most of the first and the second group soil samples.   
      The statistical analyses of data show a high positive correlation coefficient (r= 0.996) with significant p-value (p≤0.05) and coefficient of determination (R2= 0.993) between 226Ra and 228Ra in the first and second groups soil samples, whereas there is no correlation in the third group.
The Natural Radioactivity and Accompanying Radiation Hazard in the Tigris River Sediments in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Hussian Hussian A. , Ali Kamal K.
Published: December 2024

The natural radioactivity in the sediments of the Tigris River was measured using gamma spectrometry using an HPGe detector. Ten sediment samples were collected, and the target radionuclides are 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. Radioactivity in sediment was investigated in clay and silt fractions beside the hazard indices. The 226Ra concentration ranged between 6.5 and 11.2 Bq/kg, 232Th from 4.1 to 9.6 Bq/kg, and 40K from 133.8 to 260.2 Bq/kg. The average values of the natural radionuclides of these elements are within the worldwide average or less and comparable to those of the rivers in other countries; accordingly, the radiological hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, hazard indices and gamma index are below the recommended international values, indicating no significant hazard. The study concluded a positive relationship between the radioactivity and clay and silt content.
Approximation of Fixed Points of Nearly Non-expansive Mapping
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed Jameel
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to prove some weak and strong convergence results of a novel modified Picard-S hybrid iteration to converge to fixed point involving nearly non-expansive mapping in the setting of uniformly convex Banach space. Our results generalize and improve the known results of the existing literature.
Admissible Classes of Seven-Parameter Mittag-Leffler Operatorwith Third-Order Differential Subordination Properties
Authors: Rasheed Maryam K. , Majeed Abdulrahman H.
Published: December 2024

The main purpose of this paper, is to characterize new admissible classes of linear operator in terms of seven-parameter Mittag-Leffler function, and discuss sufficient conditions in order to achieve certain third-order differential subordination and superordination results. In addition, some linked sandwich theorems involving these classes had been obtained.
Solving the Nonlinear Time-Fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov Equation with the Chebyshev Spectral Method
Authors: Al-Humedi Hameeda Oda , Al-Saadawi Firas Amer , Abdulhussein Ammar Muslim
Published: December 2024

In this study, we introduce a new application to a spectral approach for solving two-dimensional (2D) time-fractional Zakhrov-Kuznetsov equations (TFZKEs) with initial conditions (ICs) and boundary conditions (BCs). When the regular magnetic domain is present, this equation represents a model that illustrates the conduct of weakly nonlinear ionic phonetic waves in a plasma that provides cool ions and an electronically isothermal environment. The fundamental qualifiers of fractional derivatives are characterized in the Caputo concept. We propose a new numerical approach that relies on shifted Chebyshev polynomials (SCPs) as test functions and uniformly grid points for time and space. In the field of fractional calculus, we have to introduce several schemes to evaluate a solution to the nonlinear fractional problems. This new technique is a preferable attempt. The results show that the current method is quite effective, and robust which provides excellent accuracy, and is appropriate for implementation to solve many significant fractional differential equations.
Image Fusion Based on the Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform and Average Gradient
Authors: Alwan Iman M.G.
Published: December 2024

The goal of fusing multi-focus images is to obtain one image that has all the significant features from each input. The fusion process is needed because of the limitations of the optical lens depth of field that is used to capture images, so images of various focused regions are produced. In this paper, a multi-focus image fusion algorithm is proposed. It is based on utilizing the biorthogonal wavelet transform to extract details and edges from the input images by making the approximation subband equal zero and applying an inverse transform to get images that have only edges, lines, and details. The average gradient metric, which is used to represent sharpness and clarity, is calculated as an activity measurement for each NxN block of the resulted edge images and is used to merge the corresponding blocks of the multi-focus input images to produce the fused one. Consistency verification is used to improve the fusion process. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated and contrasted with a number of other state-of-the-art fusion methods. Experimental results clearly show that the suggested approach is a feasible and efficient multi-focus imaging technique.
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A Review for Arabic Extremism Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Sabri Redhaa Fadhil , Abdullah Nada A. Z.
Published: December 2024

The detection of extremism is a field of research aimed at discovering extremism and hate speech on social networking sites through the use of natural language processing tools. Although this field is wide, there is little research in Arabic that has dealt with this topic compared to research in English, although a very large percentage of social media users are Arabs and interact in Arabic. In this research, the most important research works related to the field of extremism detection in the Arabic language using machine learning algorithms will be reviewed, and related works will be compared in terms of methodology and results.
Deep Learning Approaches for IoT Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Hammood Baseem A. kadheem , Sadiq Ahmed T.
Published: December 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has had a substantial impact on a number of industries, including smart cities, the medical field, the automotive industry, and logistics tracking. But along with the IoT's advantages come security worries that are proliferating more and more. Deep learning-based Intelligent Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have been created to detect continually evolving network threats and trends in order to address this issue. Six alternative deep learning algorithms, including CNN, RNN, and DNN architectures, are used in this research to present a novel anomaly-based solution for IoT networks. Three distinct intrusion detection datasets were used to evaluate the algorithms, and the findings revealed that the hybrid method performed better than the others in terms of accuracy. In particular, the hybrid algorithm had a 99.13% accuracy on the UNSW-NB15 dataset, an 89.01% accuracy on the IoTID20 dataset, and a 90.83% accuracy on the BoTNeTIoT-L01-v2 dataset. These results point to the suggested hybrid algorithm as superior to previous algorithms and a potential intrusion detection method for Internet of Things networks.
Classification of COVID-19 Disease Based on Extra Tree Features Selection
Authors: Mohammad Asraa M. , Attia Hussien , Ali Yossra H.
Published: December 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified coronavirus as a global health emergency. Chest X-rays have been proven to be beneficial in both diagnosing and monitoring various lung diseases, including COVID-19. In this study, a COVID-19 disease detection framework is provided based on the methods used in machine learning and the Extra Tree algorithm to reduce the features extracted from the images. Using the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) algorithm and the Extra Tree algorithm to choose the features of the work, a set of features is extracted from the images. This set of features is then put into the XGBoost algorithm to be classified. The proposed system was evaluated using two different sets of databases: the large database with 9544 images and the small database with 800 images. All image sizes were set to 300 x 300 pixels. The proposed system achieved a classification accuracy score of 90.04% using the large data set and 99.37% using the small set.
Comparing K-Means, Nearest Neighbor, and Lloyd's Clustering Algorithms
Authors: Noor Shaymaa Qasim , Mustafa Tareef Kamil
Published: December 2024

Clustering Organizing items into groups based on their properties such that the items in the same group are similar and those in other groups are distinct is known as clustering and is one method of unsupervised learning. The primary benefit of clustering is that, with little or no prior information, fascinating patterns and structures can be discovered directly from very large data sets. The most representative algorithms, the K-Means algorithm, the nearest neighbor algorithm, and Lloyd's algorithm, were explored and evaluated in this study based on their basic strategies. The proposed algorithms proved highly efficient in classifying data, as k-means results were high by creating data points and classifying that data into 10 groups, while the nearest neighbor algorithm proved highly effective in predicting new groups in light of pre-existing groups for new data points, and finally Lloyd's algorithm achieved high results through several iterations to reach the target groups. Using the random function, 100 random values for inputs as x and 100 for outputs as y are generated, and these values are grouped as points. Calculations of the mean and standard deviation for the data set indicate that 68% of the data points will fall within one standard deviation, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations. In the nearest neighbor algorithm, confidence in data points within a specified standard deviation number is determined by the coverage factor, or k value. For k = 10, 97% of the data points are expected to fall within one standard deviation. At Lloyd's, a normal distribution curve appears when generating calibration or measurement data.
A Review on Plant Leaf Disease Classification Using Deep Learning
Authors: Younes Zahraa Y. , Alsaadi Elham Mohammed Thabit A.
Published: December 2024

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) claims that plants provide more than 80% of the world's food supply. The report (2023), found that plant diseases are responsible for an estimated 40% of global crop losses each year. Therefore, it was necessary to find a solution that detects and classifies plant diseases early in the plant growth stage, using deep learning techniques. In this review, we will discuss the techniques for detecting plant diseases using leaves that have been studied in previous years. An overview of the articles cited in this review reveals that EfficientNet outperforms all other CNN models for plant leaf disease classification. It achieves an impressive accuracy rate that surpasses even the best-performing VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet models. DenseNet is also a good option, especially when computing resources are limited.
Comparative Study of Human Serum Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights into Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence
Authors: Azeez Reem M. , AL-Hashemi Wisam Kadhum H. , Al-Auqbi Tawfeeq F. R.
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Prolonged high blood glucose can increase production of reactive oxygen species, leading to elevated oxidative stress. The enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1), made in the liver and transported on high-density lipoprotein (HDL), acts as an antioxidant and can counter oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare PON1 activity between healthy controls, obese type 2 diabetics, and non-obese type 2 diabetics. There were 30 healthy controls, 30 obese type 2 diabetics (group I), and 30 non-obese type. Additionally, fasting lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, albumin, and total bilirubin levels were determined using a clinical chemistry analyzer. The goal was to evaluate differences in PON1 activity as well as metabolic parameters between the three study groups. The results In comparison to the healthy control group, the diabetes group had Significantly higher blood sugar, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum LDL, and serum uric acid levels, Compared to the healthy control group, PON was Significantly lower in group II patients, Conclusion that Obese type 2 DM patients had significantly lower PON1 and HDL-C levels, which may indicate That the overweight has lessened biochemical functions for these substances. As dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and high blood pressure are thought to be crucial factors in the cause of metabolic conditions in obese people, the reduced paraoxonase level may increase their likelihood of developing these conditions.
Green Synthesis, Characterization of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation
Authors: Lafta Kawther Thamer , Salman Taghried Ali
Published: December 2024

This study focused on the eco-friendly and economical synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles at certain temperatures using myrtle leaf extract. Green synthesis methods are mostly considered to be safe and efficient in the nanoparticle synthesis field. The nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, AFM, UV-visible spectrophotometer, FESEM with EDX, and XRD. where the crystal size in XRD was 21.4 nm. The antibacterial properties of CuS nanoparticles were evaluated against two bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, using various concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined for both bacteria at a range of CuS NPs conc. from 0.5229 × 10-1 M to 0.3268 × 10-2 M.
Potency of Face Mask-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Parangtritis Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rakhmawati Anna , Octavia Bernadetta , Marwati Siti
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 epidemic, improperly discarded face masks turned out to be a severe source of environmental contamination that threatened lives. Bacteria are a crucial degrading agent for face masks. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize potential face mask-degrading bacteria from discarded face masks at Parangtritis Beach in Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia. Mineral Salt Media (MSM) containing face mask (black duckbill, blue surgical and white KF94) was used to select bacterial growth ability. The process of face mask degradation was also assisted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. Eight bacterial strains, designated AP1 through AP8, were obtained using an enrichment screening technique. AP1-AP3, AP4-AP5, and AP6-AP8 were identified phenotypically as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. respectively. Bacillus sp. (AP1) displayed the highest growth (OD600 0.78) on all test conditions among the eight isolates. Moreover, this strain could be grown on MSM-face mask media with a pH range of 5 - 9; temperature 5 – 50°C, and NaCl concentration of 2.5 - 7.5%. The SEM study revealed morphological alterations in the face masks inner, middle and outer layers after interaction with Bacillus sp. This research proved that Bacillus strains could be viable candidates for face mask biodegradation.
Training on Implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum for Teachers of Perkampungan Minangkabau Boarding School
Authors: Kher Dinovia Fannil , Rani Yati Aisya
Published: December 2024

To support one of the government's programs in the field of education, the use of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum, it is necessary to provide outreach and training to all elements of educational practitioners, especially teachers. Pesantren Perkampungan Minangkabau was chosen as a partner based on the greatest desire of the Islamic Boarding School and the Foundation, namely, to continue to follow the current development of the education system launched by the Republic of Indonesia. From the results of internal meetings between Islamic Boarding Schools and Foundations, one necessary thing is implementing the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in their environment. The main problem is that teachers or members of the Foundation need to understand the concept of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. The method used in this community service is a workshop. From the results of the pre-test conducted before the workshop, even though around 83% of participants had heard and often heard of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum, it turned out that only 3.6% stated that they understood how to implement the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. The rest said they did not understand enough or did not understand (41.6%), and more than half admitted they did not understand at all (54.5%). After the training, it was found that 78.2% understood the essence, procedures, and implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum.
Socialization of BOTAFA: Fauna Hand Puppets as Educational Media for Indonesian Fauna at SDN 22 Kuranji
Authors: Rafia Rafia , Irianto Fajar , Zulkarnain Alivia , Alamsjah Feskaharny
Published: December 2024

Human activities pose significant threats to the biodiversity of Indonesia, leading to a decline in the population of endemic animals. Insufficient awareness among the public regarding the importance of conservation exacerbates wildlife trafficking and decreases animal populations. To enhance awareness, early-age education is crucial. Hand puppets, as educational tools, offer an engaging and practical approach to teaching children about Indonesian fauna. The implementation of Fauna Hand Puppetry (FHP) was conducted at SDN 22 Kuranji, and through a series of hand puppets, illustrated storybooks, and QR-coded tags linked to a website, the socialization aimed to capture children's interest and provide easy understanding of the protected fauna. FHP products are designed with child-safe materials and attractively packaged, empowering children to take an active role in conservation. Socialization methods involve PowerPoint (PPT) presentations to explain Indonesian wildlife and interactive Q&A sessions to allow students to inquire and discuss the presented materials. Through a combination of presentations and Q&A sessions, this socialization effort is anticipated to foster a better understanding among students regarding the importance of protecting Indonesian fauna. The quiz and Q&A session results conducted after the socialization showed that students' understanding increased, and they could answer an average of 9 out of 10 questions correctly related to Indonesian fauna.
Education on the Benefits of Drinking Milk as a Source of Protein and Calcium for Elementary School Students
Authors: Juwita Dian Ayu , Oktavia Nadila , Rahmah Rahmah
Published: December 2024

Nutrisi yang optimal memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Salah satu sumber nutrisi yang banyak manfaat dan mudah didapat adalah susu. Kandungan protein dan kalsium pada susu mendukung pembentukan tulang, perkembangan otak, dan fungsi tubuh lainnya. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada siswa sekolah dasar mengenai manfaat susu sebagai sumber nutrisi dan peningkatan kebiasaan konsumsi susu. Edukasi dilakukan secara tatap muka menggunakan metode ceramah dan diskusi. Materi disampaikan melalui media powerpoint, video dan pembagian leaflet kepada peserta kegiatan. Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan kegiatan edukasi pada peserta dilakukan pretest dan posttest. Dari hasil kegiatan edukasi diperoleh peningkatan nilai rata-rata posttest dibandingkan pretest terkait manfaat minum susu. Hal ini berarti kegiatan edukasi berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman peserta tentang pentingnya asupan susu sebagai bagian dari pola makan sehat.
Optimizing Sexual Education: Increasing Knowledge of Teenage Members of PIK-R SMAN 6 Padang
Authors: Nursal Dien Gusta Anggraini , Putri Aisyah Addini , Latifa Latifa , Silsabilillah Silsabilillah , Windari Siska
Published: December 2024

Remaja merupakan umur yang rentan terhadap perilaku penyimpangan seksual. Pada fase ini pemberian edukasi seksual merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk mencegah terjadinya penyimpangan perilaku seksual yang dilakukan remaja. Banyaknya perilaku menyimpang remaja dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan reproduksinya untuk kehidupan selanjutnya. Penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja SMAN 6 Padang mengenai perilaku seksual remaja seperti gizi pada remaja, psikologi remaja, tumbuh kembang remaja, seksualitas remaja, infeksi saluran reproduksan (ISR) dan infeksi menular seksual IMS, pencegahan HIV/AIDS dan kesehatan reproduksi untuk masa yang akan datang. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan active class sharing dengan media power point, poster dan leaflet serta kuesioner dengan jumlah 30 soal. Berdasarkan uji statistik hasil distribusi frekuensi terdapat peningkatan skor pertanyaan, hasil uji Wilcoxon terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pre test dan post test beserta penyuluhan dengan efektivitas penyuluhan menggunakan uji gain score yaitu rendah-sedang. Dari hasil tersebut, disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara pengetahuan peserta pre test dengan post test sehingga dapat dikatakan terdapat pengaruh kegiatan penyuluhan edukasi perilaku seksual pada remaja.
Training on Postharvest Guava Fruit Processing in KWT Jambu Biji, VII Koto Sungai Sariak, Pariaman
Authors: Yefrida Yefrida , Refilda Refilda , Imelda Imelda , Refinel Refinel , Zein Rahmiana , Safni Safni , Admi Admi , Gustira Dheasy , Khaira Jihanul , Umardi Harza Dipajana
Published: December 2024

Buah jambu biji merah termasuk salah satu jenis buah yang cepat mengalami perobahan warna, tekstur dan pembusukan. Hal ini tentu saja menjadi suatu persoalan bagi petani. Pada saat panen raya, tidak semua buah ini terserap oleh pasar. Sehingga terkadang petani membiarkan saja buahnya di pohon, karena kalau dipanen hanya akan menambah biaya operasional. Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Jambu Biji Bengke Sakato, VII Koto Sungai Sariak, Pariaman merupakan kelompok petani jambu biji merah. Mereka berupaya untuk mencari solusi dari permasalahan ini dengan berdiskusi dengan Tim Pengabdian Departemen Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Andalas. Akhirnya disepakati bahwa solusinya adalah dengan membuat produk dari jambu biji merah. Produk yang dibuat pada kegiatan ini adalah dodol dan es krim jambu biji merah. Ibu-ibu anggota KWT dan Tim Pengabdian bersama-sama melakukan pembuatan kedua jenis produk ini. Hasil yang didapatkan, dodol dan es krim yang dibuat cukup enak dan mempunyai penampilan yang menarik. Produk ini bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif pengolahan jambu biji merah yang bernilai ekonomis.
Kata kunci:  Jambu biji merah, produk olahan, dodol, es krim
Performing Ocular Examinations as A Component of Self-Care For Individuals with Leprosy with The Aim of Eradicating Social Stigma and Prejudice
Authors: Hendriati Hendriati , Ariani Tutty , Vitresia Havriza , Sayuti Kemala , Ariesti Andrini , Julita Julita , Anum Qaira , Yenny Satya Wydya , Gustia Rina , Akhyar Gardenia , Asri Ennesta , Sari Indah Indria , Yuswir Astria Rima Rara , Novian Novian , Dwayana Rizki , Vira Agustin , Desviorita Rika , Satria Rendra Darma
Published: December 2024

Leprosy is still a health problem in several countries, including Indonesia. Disability due to leprosy is a health threat for sufferers and causes quality-of-life problems that can disrupt the productivity of leprosy patients. Ocular involvement in leprosy is joint, but little data has been reported. Apart from multi-drug treatment (MDT), leprosy sufferers must also be able to carry out continuous self-care to prevent further disability. This is a collaborative activity between the Department of Ophthalmology and Dermatology Venereology of the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Andalas in Puskesmas Pauh Kamba district of Padang Pariaman. This is an advocacy activity on self-care (3M: Seeing, Examining, and Protecting) and eye examination. The activity was followed by interactive discussions and continued with a direct examination for skin abnormalities and disabilities, eye examination, and fundoscope. The activity results were obtained from 24 respondents, 11 men and 13 women. The age range is 16-59 years (67%), with the highest level of education being Elementry School graduates, which is 11 people (46%). In the self-care questionnaire of patients, 40% behaved well, and the results of eye examinations almost suffered from dry eye complaints without disabilities.
Edukasi HIV/AIDS pada Masyarakat Kelurahan Batang Arau Kecamatan Padang Selatan
Authors: Nasution Suci Maisyarah , Rahmadani Putri , Salsabila Dinda Aisyah , Amelia Dhea , Utama Laura Prissa , Intan Nadia
Published: December 2024

A counseling program to increase knowledge and reduce stigma. The counseling program, themed 'Bersama Kita BAHAGIA,' aims to educate the community on how to avoid unwanted diseases and how to deal with diseases like HIV/AIDS properly. In 2021, Padang has seen a high number of HIV/AIDS cases, making this counseling program crucial in reducing the risk of this disease. The study involved administering a pre-test to the participants, providing them with educational materials, asking questions, and conducting a post-test. The purpose of the pre-test and post-test was to compare the participants' knowledge before and after receiving the educational materials. The study was conducted with 11 mothers who practice gymnastics in RW 4 Batang Arau Village. The educational materials used in the study included leaflets and posters. The results of the post-test showed an 18,19% increase in target knowledge compared to the pre-test results, indicating that counseling has a positive effect on community knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
Penerapan Model Contextual Teaching Learning pada Pembelajaran Literasi Numerasi di SMPS IT Karakter Anak Shalih Padang
Authors: Haripamyu Haripamyu , Almuhayar Mawanda , Alfiany Noverina
Published: December 2024

By current global needs, students are expected to be able to adapt to a rapidly changing world and participate actively in society. Students must become lifelong learners who need reading literacy and numeracy literacy competencies. Literacy Numeracy,  often called numeracy, can be interpreted as the ability to apply mathematical concepts and skills to solve practical problems in everyday life. Starting in 2021, this ability will be measured through the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) aimed at classes V, VIII, and XI. The aim is to obtain information about the quality of a school so that it becomes a basis for improving the learning process in that school, especially concerning students' numeracy and literacy abilities. The problem faced by the Shalih Children's Character IT SMPS (KAS) is a lack of guidance on students' numeracy literacy skills needed to take AKM. Therefore, the Service Team from the Department of Mathematics and Data Science felt it necessary to carry out service at SMPS IT KAS as a continuation of the guidance that had been carried out in the previous year. The method used is to apply the Contextual Teaching Learning model, which helps teachers link learning material with real life and encourages students to connect their knowledge with application in everyday life. It is hoped that implementing this service can help teachers guide students in preparing for AKM in the following year.
Pendampingan Desain Kemasan Produk Kacang Tanah Barandang untuk UMKM di Nagari Tigo Balai
Authors: Yanti Delvi , Puari Aninda Tifani , Irsyad Fadli , Stiyanto Eri
Published: December 2024

When comparing Lawang to Nagari Tigo Balai, the latter exhibits an attractive appearance on product packaging, which is one of the crucial factors in the marketing strategy of micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM). UMKM's issues in the Nagari Tigo Balai area include limited technology and knowledge in redesigning packaging. This Community Service Activity (PKM) aims to assist UMKM in Nagari Tigo Balai in designing packaging for "Barandang" peanut products. The method consists of three stages: observation, analysis of the content of "Barandang" peanut products, and assistance in designing packaging until the design is ready for printing. The result of the assistance activity is the creation of packaging designs for "Barandang" peanut products for two UMKMs in Nagari Tigo Balai, namely LBM and ARYA, with nutritional information on the packaging. Based on the discussion during the assistance activity, this packaging redesign assistance plays a crucial role for UMKM practitioners in making their marketed products more attractive, thus increasing buyers' interest and purchasing power even further.
Edukasi Tentang Anemia dan Pemeriksaan Hb pada Ibu Hamil serta Pengobatan pada Masyarakat di Nagari Carocok Anau Kec.Tarusan Kab. Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Sy Elmatris , Arisanti Dessy , Almurdi Almurdi , Endrinaldi Endrinaldi , Utama Bobby Indra , Pertiwi Dian , Rita Rauza Sukma , Rofinda Zelly Dia , Hasmiwati Hasmiwati , Asri Aswiyanti , Nazar Julizar , Reza Mohamad
Published: December 2024

The majority of people of Nagari Carocok Anau Kec. Tarusan Kab. Pesisir Selatan worked as a fisherman, farmer, a small number of civil servants and market traders, as well as a housewife. Pregnant women in Nagari Carocok Anau, most of whom are housewives, still do not receive health checks such as haemoglobin (Hb) checks. This activity aims to increase knowledge among the public and health cadres regarding anaemia and Hb examination in pregnant women, as well as treatment. The health of pregnant women is checked by checking blood pressure, Hb and medication. This Hb examination is an effort to minimize abnormalities that can occur in pregnant women and fetuses due to low Hb when the mother is pregnant. The examination results showed that more than half of the pregnant women (71.43%) who attended were in the age range 18 – 35 years. Nearly half (42.86%) of pregnant women had Hb levels below the normal limit (11 mg/dl). For a more valid diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out quantitative analysis from the hospital laboratory so that follow-up can be carried out. Education about anaemia and Hb examinations in pregnant women can increase people's knowledge so that preventive measures can be carried out early. Health checks on the general public (blood pressure, Hb) and treatment were also carried out, it was found that the Hb results were within normal limits.
Sosialisasi dan Pelatihan Administrasi Pemerintahan Menggunakan Microsoft Office di Desa Nangka Kecamatan Kadugede
Authors: Aji Permana  , Heru Budianto  , Fahmi Yusuf  , Fitra Nugraha
Published: December 2024

Tertib administasi merupakan sebuah keharusan bagi penyelenggara pemerintahan baik dari unit terkecil hingga unit tertinggi dalam suatu pemerintahan. Peran aparat desa sangat diharapkan dalam terwujudnya kelembagaan yang dinasmi dan budaya desa yang adapatif. Namun hal ini belum terlihat di desa nangka kecamatan kadugede kabupaten kuningan, dimana pelayanan adminstasi masih terkendala dengan adanya arsip yang hilang, rusak maupaun tercecer. Sehingga perlu adanya pelatihan penggunaan teknologi dalam hal ini adalah aplikasi Microsoft office dalam menunjang tugas aparat desa untuk menjamin terciptanya tertib administasi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan berfokus pada aparat desa untuk meningkatkan keterampilannya di bidang penguasaan teknologi dan aplikasi dalam menunjang tugas sehari hari. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 bentuk yaitu sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang akan  dilaksanakan selama 3 hari. Adapun luaran dari pelatihan ini adalah publikasi artikel pada jurnal pengabdian terakreditas sinta. Disamping peningkatan kualitas aparat desa dalam menciptakan tertib adminstrasi program ini bertujuan untuk mencapai salah satu tujuan SDGs Desa.