bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Electronic Health Records (EHR) for Enhanced Patient Care
Authors:   Gannon University, 109 University Square, Erie, PA 16541, USA, Divyeshkumar Vaghani
Published: May 2024

This study analyzes how electronic health records (EHR) can be utilized to enhance patient care. The objectives of the study are to; design predictive models to recognize patients are risk of developing some specific conditions; evaluate the effect of EHR systems on patient care outcomes; ascertain the impact of EHR systems on physicians’ work; and develop a framework for incorporating EHR analysis into hospital systems, thus enabling real-time decision-making by healthcare specialists. This study adopts a qualitative research using semi-structured interviews, which was directed to physicians who had at least a year experience at Primary Health Care Centres (PHCs) to gather information about the current content and scope of Electronic Health Record Systems. Most of the respondents interviewed said that the health information system’s adaptation and the availability of Electronic Health Records influenced encounters for patients positively in their PHCs. They talked about the many benefits of EHR in terms of effectiveness, which include the availability of patient information and accuracy of patient documentation; these are often hard to find in their paper documents. The interviewees also indicated that EHRs allow eprescribe of medication, which is a huge plus to the old system of prescribing and administering medicine to patients. The physicians stressed the need for private clinics and primary healthcare centres to share and link their systems to enhance the functionality of the EHR. The study recommends that; there is need for the PHC EHR system to integrate across other government and private institutions. There is also a need for increased capacity to support patients with physical activity and nutrition.
Analysing the Effectiveness of Hotel, Restaurant, and Advertising Taxes Revenue in Enhancing the Regional Original Revenue of DKI Jakarta Province
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pancasila, Indonesia, Riskarini Dian , Ardianto Yuli ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pancasila, Indonesia, Andamari Basis G. ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pancasila, Indonesia
Published: May 2024

This study analysis the effectiveness of Hotel Tax, Restaurant Tax, and Advertising Tax in enhancing the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) of DKI Jakarta Province. The study examines local tax revenues from the fiscal years 2020 to 2022, focusing on the constant growth of Restaurant and Advertising Taxes. It looks at how the regional government of DKI Jakarta has explored the potential of these local taxes through policies and regulations, resulting in a significant increase in local tax revenue. The study underlines that the annual increase in local tax revenue from Restaurant Tax, Hotel Tax, and Advertising Tax should not be the sole measure of success in harnessing their potential. The effectiveness of these local taxes serves as a gauge of how far the achievement target will be reached, with higher percentages indicating higher effectiveness. This study found that Hotel Tax, Restaurant Tax, and Advertising Tax have been highly effective in meeting the revenue targets set by the regional government, with effectiveness rates ranging from 99.1% to 108.7%. However, the contribution of these local taxes to the regional original revenue is categorized as very low, indicating variations in contribution amounts based on differences in tax rates. Despite the low contribution, the effectiveness of tax revenue in meeting targets remains high. To increase the regional original revenue, the focus should be on expanding the scope of local tax objects rather than setting excessively high targets, as optimizing the potential of local taxes is crucial for enhancing the regional original revenue of DKI Jakarta Province.
Artisanal Crude Oil Refining in the Niger Delta: Environmental Impacts, Health Outcomes, and Strategies for Sustainable Mitigation
Authors:   Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (COHSE), University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria, Godwill Suku Piety , Ugwoha Ejikeme ,   Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (COHSE), University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria, Felix Orikpete Ochuko ,   Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (COHSE), University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
Published: May 2024

Artisanal crude oil refining remains a significant environmental and health challenge in the Niger Delta. This review examines the long-term impacts of this unregulated practice, focusing on pollution pathways, community health outcomes, ecosystem degradation, and socioeconomic factors that sustain this illicit industry.
Experience: A Double Edged Sword
Authors: Bansal Anubhuti , Sahai Anjali
Published: May 2024

Mental well being is an important component of overall development of a person. Psychologists are the backbone of the mental healthcare system of India. This study aimed to understand the impact of delivering psychotherapy for long durations on empathy, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. The data was collected using snowball and convenient sampling methods from 100 psychologists including males and females. The non parametric data obtained was analysed using Spearman’s rank order correlation and Brunner-Munzel test. The results suggested that compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue were influenced by years of experience but empathy was not significantly impacted by experience indicating the need for intervention at early stages of delivering therapy and emphasising on need for supervision and proper and effective training
Appointment to Iran’s Cabinet
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

On the second-to-last day of 1975, the UN-designated International Women’s Year, Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda called to ask the author to join the cabinet as Iran’s first-ever Minister of State for Women’s Affairs. She accepted without hesitation. With little previous knowledge of the political sphere and little experience of diplomacy, the author quickly learned the difference between public activism and effective action inside the government and how to function in government to achieve progress for women. The author secured the support of Queen Farah, whose backing was important because of her position; because of the network of organizations the Queen headed, organizations whose work was interconnected with the WOI’s; and because the Queen’s support would have a positive influence on wider cooperation.
Indigenuity
Authors: Wigginton Caroline
Published: May 2024

For hundreds of years, American artisanship and American authorship were entangled practices rather than distinct disciplines. Books, like other objects, were multisensory items all North American communities and cultures, including Native and settler colonial ones, regularly made and used. All cultures and communities narrated and documented their histories and imaginations through a variety of media. All created objects for domestic, sacred, curative, and collective purposes. In this innovative work at the intersection of Indigenous studies, literary studies, book history, and material culture studies, Caroline Wigginton tells a story of the interweavings of Native craftwork and American literatures from their ancient roots to the present. Focused primarily on North America, especially the colonized lands and waters now claimed by the United States, this book argues for the foundational but often-hidden aesthetic orientation of American literary history toward Native craftwork. Wigginton knits this narrative to another of Indigenous aesthetic repatriation through the making and using of books and works of material expression. Ultimately, she reveals that Native craftwork is by turns the warp and weft of American literature, interwoven throughout its long history.
Slavery and the Newspaper
Authors: Hutchins Zachary McLeod
Published: May 2024

The introduction presents the book’s three main arguments: first, that the eighteenth-century newspaper was filled with accounts of slavery, many of which should be read as slave narratives; second, that eighteenth-century men and women were actively engaged readers who imaginatively reconstructed narratives about slavery from textual fragments found in the newspaper and other sources; and third, that throughout the eighteenth century, narratives of slavery were always implicitly—and sometimes explicitly—associated with global politics and foreign relations. Black African readers such as Peter, who worked in the Fleet publishing house of Boston, were among the many colonial Americans who pieced together accounts of black African agency and accomplishment from brief mentions in the newspaper and other textual ephemera.
Introduction
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn
Published: May 2024

The Introduction outlines the key concepts of the book: Removal, territory, and statehood. It argues that states’ rights logics are the essential glue that holds the US colonial project together because states affirm white male possession of rights and land. Reading Territory turns to states’ rights and statehood crises for so-called Georgia, Florida, Kansas, Cuba, and Oklahoma to demonstrate the influential role of print and visual culture, especially that of newspapers and printed land surveys, in asserting territoriality, community, and dissent. More specifically, the sovereign printscapes of Black and Native newspapers. Nineteenth-century state formation was about imagining into being states under contradictory, inconsistent logics that stood in opposition to relational forms of territoriality and belonging. In order to dismantle the violent networks of US occupation and extraction across the globe, we must understand how Indigenous dispossession and anti-Blackness scaffold the white possessive project of states’ rights.
Paraparesis due to refracture of a previously cemented vertebra and new fracture of the adjacent vertebra after kyphoplasty for an osteopenic thoracolumbar burst fracture: a case report
Authors: Lee Kyuhyuck , Moon Jung Hyeon , Cho Keun-Tae
Published: May 2024

Although adjacent-level fracture is a well-known complication after vertebroplasty (VP) or kyphoplasty (KP), refracture of a cemented vertebra is a relatively rare complication. Moreover, it is very uncommon for 2 fractures to occur in a single patient, and exceptionally rare for refracture to cause spinal cord (SC) compression or neurological deficits. We report a case of paraparesis due to refracture of a cemented vertebra and a new fracture of an adjacent vertebra after KP. An 80-year-old woman underwent KP for an osteopenic burst fracture at T12 with an intravertebral vacuum cleft (IVC). Six weeks post-KP, the patient presented with pain and paraparesis. Imaging studies revealed refracture at T12 and a new compression fracture at T11. The SC was severely compressed by the fracture fragment. The patient underwent anterior corpectomy of T12, removal of bone cement and fracture fragment, anterior interbody fusion, and pedicle screw fixation. In the present case, it is thought that an uneven distribution of bone cement with a solid lump pattern and excessive restoration of vertebral body height and kyphotic angle might have increased the risk of refracture of the cemented vertebra. These points should be avoided during VP or KP, especially when an IVC is present.
Newborn Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus in Canada
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2024

What Is the Issue

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a leading cause of childhood hearing loss. It is estimated that 85% to 90% of newborns infected with cCMV will not show any symptoms at birth. Of those newborns with cCMV infection who are asymptomatic at birth, 10% to 15% will go on to develop long-term symptoms, including vision loss, hearing loss, and developmental delays.

What Did We Do?

This brief provides a summary about newborn screening for cCMV in Canada, including whether screening is available for cCMV in each province and territory, and if so, whether screening is universal or targeted using publicly available information.

What Did We Find?

Currently in Canada, 4 provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario) have or are implementing universal newborn screening for cCMV. Three provinces (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) have province-wide targeted screening programs that offer cCMV testing to newborns who fail newborn hearing tests or who have suspected cCMV as identified by a clinician. Current clinical guidance and practice remain mixed on whether targeted or universal newborn screening is recommended, with each having a different distribution of benefits and harms.
cCMV infections can be detected using blood, urine, or saliva tests. Most universal newborn screening programs use dried blood spot tests, which are likely to produce false-negative results; saliva tests have a lower number of false-negative results but can result in a higher number of false-positives. Some programs recommend additional testing using a different method (either saliva or urine) after an initial positive test as a validation.

What Does This Mean?

As both universal and targeted newborn screening programs have been adopted by several jurisdictions in Canada, there is wide recognition that cCMV infection is a serious health issue and that early detection is important. Moreover, there is an opportunity to generate data and evidence about test performance and program impact over time that could support future decision-making. As evidence and new test and treatment options become available, such data will help to inform the type of newborn screening approach used for cCMV.
O LEGADO JESUÍTA NO PIAUÍ COLONIAL: IMPACTOS E INFLUÊNCIAS NO PIAUÍ (1696-1711)
Authors: Freires Kevin Cristian Paulino , Gomes Loyane Ellen Silva , Pinto Joice Regina Leite , Gomes Luznir Cris Silva
Published: May 2024

Durante o período colonial no Brasil, os jesuítas desempenharam um papel crucial na disseminação do cristianismo, na educação e na organização social das comunidades. No Piauí, entre 1696 e 1711, sua presença influenciou significativamente a sociedade colonial, deixando um legado que moldou aspectos importantes. Este estudo analisa os impactos dos jesuítas nesse período, destacando suas contribuições para a educação, cultura e religião na região. A metodologia adotada foi bibliográfica e qualitativa, utilizando documentos históricos, relatos de viajantes e estudos acadêmicos. Os jesuítas estabeleceram missões e escolas que desempenharam um papel fundamental na educação e catequização dos indígenas, além de influenciarem a organização social e política, contribuindo para a formação de comunidades agrícolas e a disseminação da cultura europeia. Seu legado arquitetônico ainda é visível nas igrejas e residências que compõem o patrimônio histórico do Piauí. No entanto, sua atuação também gerou conflitos com outras ordens religiosas e autoridades coloniais, culminando na expulsão dos jesuítas do Brasil em 1759. Reconhecer essa influência complexa é essencial para compreender a formação histórica e cultural da região, sendo parte integrante da história do Brasil colonial e objeto de estudo para historiadores e pesquisadores.
Uma revisão bibliométrica da literatura sobre governação: perspetivas da análise do Scopus e da VOS Viewer
Authors: Lins Bruno , Maia Marcelo , Amorim Marlene
Published: May 2024

A governação desempenha um papel crucial na formação das sociedades, organizações e instituições, influenciando os processos de tomada de decisão e a responsabilização. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão bibliométrica para obter informações sobre o panorama da investigação sobre governação e as suas principais tendências. Utilizando a base de dados Scopus e empregando a poderosa ferramenta de análise visual, VOS Viewer, é analisada uma gama diversificada de publicações que abrangem várias disciplinas e anos. A análise abrangeu várias dimensões da governação, incluindo a governação política, a governação empresarial, a governação pública e a governação global. Examinámos as tendências de publicação, os padrões de autoria e as redes de citação para identificar trabalhos e colaborações influentes neste domínio. Além disso, explorámos a estrutura temática e a coocorrência de palavras-chave para descobrir temas de investigação predominantes e as suas interligações. Os resultados desta revisão bibliométrica revelaram um crescimento significativo da literatura sobre governação nas últimas décadas, realçando a sua importância crescente na investigação académica. Observámos um aumento das colaborações interdisciplinares, indicando o reconhecimento da governação como um conceito multidimensional que transcende as fronteiras disciplinares. Além disso, a nossa análise identificou os principais investigadores, instituições e países na vanguarda dos estudos sobre governação. Através da visualização de redes de citações, identificámos trabalhos seminais que influenciaram grandemente a literatura sobre governação e atuaram como catalisadores de investigação subsequente. Ao examinar a coocorrência de palavras-chave, descobrimos vários temas predominantes, tais como a responsabilidade, a transparência, a descentralização e o envolvimento dos intervenientes, que atraíram uma atenção académica substancial. Esta revisão bibliométrica fornece uma visão abrangente da literatura sobre governação, oferecendo informações valiosas para investigadores, decisores políticos e profissionais. As tendências e os temas identificados contribuem para uma compreensão mais profunda da evolução do panorama da governação, salientando as áreas em que é necessária mais investigação. Além disso, este estudo mostra o potencial da análise bibliométrica combinada com técnicas avançadas de visualização para fornecer uma perspetiva holística sobre os padrões de investigação e os domínios do conhecimento.
Developing a climatological simplification of aerosols to enter the cloud microphysics of a global climate model
Authors: Proske Ulrike , Ferrachat Sylvaine , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Aerosol particles influence cloud formation and properties. Hence climate models that aim for a physical representation of the climate system include aerosol modules. In order to represent more and more processes and aerosol species, their representation has grown increasingly detailed. However, depending on one's modelling purpose, the increased model complexity may not be beneficial, for example because it hinders understanding of model behaviour. Hence we develop a simplification in the form of a climatology of aerosol concentrations. In one approach, the climatology prescribes properties important for cloud droplet and ice crystal formation, the gateways for aerosols to enter the model cloud microphysics scheme. Another approach prescribes aerosol mass and number concentrations in general. Both climatologies are derived from full ECHAM-HAM simulations and can serve to replace the HAM aerosol module and thus drastically simplify the aerosol treatment. The first simplification reduces computational model time by roughly 65 %. However, the naive mean climatological treatment needs improvement to give results that are satisfyingly close to the full model. We find that mean cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations yield an underestimation of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) in the Southern Ocean, which we can reduce by allowing only CCN at cloud base (which have experienced hygroscopic growth in these conditions) to enter the climatology. This highlights the value of the simplification approach in pointing to unexpected model behaviour and providing a new perspective for its study and model development.
Analysis of surface deformation prediction in high mountain canyon areas based on time-series InSAR technology and improved Elman neural network
Authors: Chen Kuayue , Xi Wenfei , Wang Baoyun
Published: May 2024

Abstract. To address the issues of over-reliance on deformation data and model singularity in existing surface deformation prediction methods in high mountain canyon areas, this study proposes the improvement of Elman neural network using cuckoo search algorithm and grey wolf optimization algorithm (CS-Elman and GWO-Elman) from the perspective of multi-temporal and multi-factor analysis. Firstly, surface deformation in the study area is monitored using SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR techniques. Then, the optimal evaluation factors are determined from 13 evaluation factors including digital elevation model (DEM) and slope using grey correlation analysis and correlation matrix analysis in SPSSAU software. These optimal factors, combined with surface deformation monitoring values obtained from InSAR technology, are used to construct CS-Elman and GWO-Elman prediction models from a multi-factor and multi-temporal perspective. Finally, the optimal prediction model is determined through comparative experiments and its prediction performance is validated. Results indicate: (1) SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR techniques exhibit a high correlation coefficient (R2=0.85) between monitored radar line of sight (LOS) deformation rates, demonstrating the feasibility of joint analysis of the two techniques. (2) The CS-Elman model has a smaller absolute error range compared to the GWO-Elman model. The optimal convergence iteration number, mean square error, mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the CS-Elman model are 3 iterations, 0.020 mm/a, 1.620 mm/a and 21.500 %, respectively, which are all superior to the GWO-Elman model. This indicates that the Elman network optimized by the CS algorithm exhibits better performance and higher accuracy in predicting surface deformation in high mountain canyon areas. (3) Comparative analysis with SVM, LSTM and PSO-BP models, as well as prediction of temporal deformation trends at deformation points, validate the advantages and effectiveness of the CS-Elman model in surface deformation prediction. This method can serve as an effective means for long-term deformation prediction in high mountain canyon areas.
Water masses in the Atlantic Ocean: water mass ages and ventilation
Authors: Liu Mian , Tanhua Toste
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The distribution of water masses, and the ventilation rates of these, are of significance to the thermohaline circulation and biogeochemistry of the world oceans. The distribution of the main water masses in the Atlantic Ocean is published in a companion study (Liu and Tanhua, 2021), their ages and ventilation time-scales are reported here by using observations of the transient tracers, CFC-12 and SF6. Two different definitions of water mass ages are presented; the mean-age representing an average age of a water mass, and the mode-age that better represents the advective time-scale. In general, ages increase with pressure and along the pathway of a water mass. The central waters in the upper layer obtain the mean-ages of up to ~100 years and the mode-ages of up to ~30 years. In the intermediate layer, the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and the Mediterranean Water (MW) show gradients of water mass ages in the meridional and zonal direction respectively. The AAIW obtains the highest mean-age of ~300 years and mode-age of ~80 years at 30° N, while the MW shows the highest mean-age of ~400 years and mode-age of ~100 years in the equator region. As the dominant water mass in the deep and overflow layer, the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from high northern latitudes obtains the highest mean-age of ~600 years and mode-age of ~100 years in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region at 50° S. In the bottom layer, the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) from the Weddell Sea obtains the highest mean-age of ~600 years and mode-age of ~100 years in the equator. As the continuation of AABW, the Northeast Atlantic Bottom Water (NEABW) obtains the highest mean-age of ~800 years and mode-age of ~120 years at 50° N. The mode-age increases with the transport distance from formation area, accompanied by significant differences between the eastern and western basins. The mode-age is used to calculate the oxygen utilization rate (OUR) with apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) during the active transport in water masses. The western basin exhibits lower mode-age with higher oxygen (low AOU) due to the better ventilation. The OUR shows similar distribution to dissolved oxygen (DO), indicating higher oxidation rate in the high oxygen region.
An objective identification technique for potential vorticity structures associated with African easterly waves
Authors: Fischer Christoph , Fink Andreas H. , Schömer Elmar , Rautenhaus Marc , Riemer Michael
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Tropical Africa and the North Atlantic Ocean are significantly influenced by African easterly waves (AEWs), which play a fundamental role in tropical rainfall and cyclogenesis in that region. The dynamics of AEWs can be described in a potential vorticity (PV) framework. The important impact of latent heat release by cloud processes is captured in this framework by the diabatic generation of PV anomalies. This paper introduces an innovative approach for the identification and tracking of PV structures within AEWs. By employing AEW tracking and computing the wave phase of each point within the AEW domain using a Hilbert transform, we are able to effectively identify and collect 3-D PV structures associated with specific AEWs. To facilitate a climatological analysis, performed here over the months of June to October from 2002 to 2022, these structures are subsequently characterized by low-dimensional descriptors, including their location, intensity, and orientation. Our climatological analysis reveals the seasonal evolution and the structural attributes of PV anomalies within AEWs over the study domain. PV feature locations closely align with the African easterly jet's latitudinal shift during the summer season. Analysis of the mean pressure level of the 3-D PV structures shows a remarkable shift during their life cycle, indicating deep moist convection characteristics over land and more shallow convection characteristics over the ocean. On average, PV features identified within AEW troughs tilt downshear over land and equatorward over the ocean. The trough-centered analysis reveals distinct differences between satellite-estimated and model-predicted rainfall. Agreement between the results of a more traditional composite analysis and our new feature analysis provides confidence in our feature approach as a novel diagnostic tool. The feature framework provides a low-dimensional representation of the PV structure of AEWs, which facilitates future statistical analyses of the relation of this structure to, for example, tropical cyclogenesis or the predictability of tropical rainfall.
Sentinel-1 detection of ice slabs on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Culberg Riley , Michaelides Roger J. , Miller Julie Z.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ice slabs are multi-meter-thick layers of refrozen ice that limit meltwater storage in firn, leading to enhanced surface runoff and ice sheet mass loss. To date, ice slabs have primarily been mapped using airborne ice-penetrating radar, which has limited spatial and temporal coverage. This makes it difficult to fully assess the current extent and continuity of ice slabs or to validate predictive models of ice slab evolution that are key to understanding their impact on Greenland's surface mass balance. Here, for the first time, we map the extent of ice slabs and superimposed ice facies across the entire Greenland Ice Sheet at 500 m resolution using dual-polarization Sentinel-1 (S-1) synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data collected in winter 2016–2017. We do this by selecting empirical thresholds for the cross-polarized backscatter ratio and HV backscattered power that jointly optimize the agreement between airborne ice-penetrating radar data detections of ice slabs and the S-1 estimates of ice slab extent. Our results show that there is a strong correlation between C-band backscatter and the ice content of the upper ∼ 7 m of the firn column that enables ice slab mapping with S-1. Our new mapping shows that ice slabs are nearly continuous around the entire margin of the ice sheet. This includes regions in southwest Greenland where ice slabs have not been previously identified by ice-penetrating radar but where the S-1-inferred ice slab extent shows strong agreement with the extent of visible runoff mapped from optical imagery. The algorithm developed here lays the groundwork for the long-term monitoring of ice slab expansion with current and future C-band satellite systems and highlights the potential added value of future L-band missions for near-surface studies in Greenland.
Twenty First Century Technological Toolbox Innovation for Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS)
Authors:   Centre for Precision Surgery, UCD, Dublin, Ireland, Moynihan Alice , Boland Patrick ,   Centre for Precision Surgery, UCD, Dublin, Ireland, Cahill Ronan A ,   Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Published: May 2024

Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is an effective procedure that plays an important role in the care of patients with significant rectal neoplasia and polyps including early-stage cancers. However, it is perhaps underutilised and under threat from both advanced flexible endoscopic procedures and proceduralists (who often act as gatekeepers for referral to colorectal surgeons), as well as from robotic surgery proponents. TAMIS advocates can learn and adopt practice insights from both these fields and incorporate available technological innovations building on the huge accomplishments already delivered in this area. Evolved practice through technology has the potential to offset current limitations regarding technical constraints and indeed patient selection (via artificial intelligence methods). Potential target areas for advances are considered in this review from different perspectives: (1) Access (2) Insufflation (3) Visualisation (4) Disease Characterization in situ, and (5) Tissue Handling and Suturing. While a bundle approach may be most useful, the advances for each component are potentially useful in their own right and could be applied without depending on the other practices detailed so that more accurate (and perhaps even numerically more) TAMIS procedures can be performed globally to improve patient care.
Cadaveric Simulation in Rib Plating is Beneficial for Helping Surgical Trainees to Assimilate New Technologies
Authors:   University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Fargo, ND, Nowotny Dustin , Reede Kristen ,   University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Fargo, ND, Ahmeti Mentor ,   University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Fargo, ND
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Rib fixation procedures are being performed more frequently as they have shown multiple advantages over traditional non-operative management in well-selected patients. We have developed a rib-fixation simulation on cadavers for use by surgical residents in attempt to improve their comfort, knowledge and ability to use this new technology. Methods: Residents in years 3 through 5 of training attended a rib-fixation simulation course with cadavers. Trauma faculty and representatives of manufacturers of rib-fixation hardware participated. The simulation consisted of groups of residents reviewing anatomy and creating adequate exposure for the entire procedure. Each group created rib fractures in the cadaver, determined which materials were needed, and then performed the rib-fixation procedure. Following the simulation, we surveyed the residents to determine the impact of the structured cadaveric rib fixation-based course on their comfort level. The survey was performed using a four- and five-level Likert questionnaire. The results were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: Of the participating residents, 72% of residents had performed five or fewer rib-fixation procedures in their training in the first cohort, while in the cohort for the following year, 65% had performed 5-10 procedures. The simulation had a statistically significant benefit to the residents’ comfort level with rib plating (2.5 versus 3.6, p-value: 0.003). The greatest impact on the comfort level was seen in year 3 of training (2 versus 4, p-value 0.02). One hundred percent of residents found that having faculty and representatives present for the simulation was very helpful. The survey demonstrated that most residents gained new knowledge regarding the anatomy and technical dissection. In 20 of 25 encounters, residents strongly agreed that this simulation was beneficial for their surgical education, when used in addition to real operative experience. Every resident reported that they would recommend the simulation to younger resident classes. Conclusion: Rib-fixation simulations on cadavers were beneficial for surgical residents’ self-assessed comfort level. The simulation increased residents’ knowledge, comfort, and ability to perform rib-fixation procedures. We have seen a significant increase in resident participation in these cases after simulation training. Based on these findings, we will continue to incorporate these simulations into our program’s curriculum.
Vertical Mesh-Mediated Fascial Traction and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Case Series of Nine Patients in General and Vascular Surgery
Authors:   Department for General and Abdominal Surgery, Maria-Hilf Hospital, Brilon, Germany, Mones Thomas , Chobanova Vasilena ,   Department for Vascular Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany, Halama Thomas ,   Department for Vascular Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany, Nowroth Thomas ,   Department for Vascular Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Cologne, Germany, Pronadl Martin ,   Department for General and Abdominal Surgery, Maria-Hilf Hospital, Brilon, Germany
Published: May 2024

Open abdomen (OA) is a well-established procedure for life-threatening illnesses such as septic peritonitis, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), and damage control surgery (DCS). Furthermore, in cases of life-saving aortic repair after perforation of abdominal aortic aneurysm, an OA is sometimes indicated. Definitive fascial closure (DFC) is one of the main goals during treatment to prevent further complications such as fistula formation and the development of an incisional hernia. In 2019, a new technique was introduced for OA using a device called fasciotens®Abdomen to apply dynamic traction to the abdominal wall through vertical mesh-mediated fascial traction (VMMFT). We present a case series including nine patients and show an algorithm for OA combining VMMFT and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Methods: Two patients in a vascular surgery unit and seven patients in an abdominal surgery unit with an OA were treated with VMMFT in combination with NPWT between September 2019 and June 2023. Results: A DFC was achieved in seven of nine cases. The mean duration of OA was 9.6 ± 3.8 days, and fascial dehiscence at the beginning of OA was 14.2 ± 4.0 cm on average. Time to DFC after VMMFT was established was 6.2 ± 3.5 days (mean). No method-related complications occurred. Conclusion: The standardized combination of VMMFT and NPWT gave positive results in achieving DFC in our heterogenic patient group. Following a strict treatment pathway as shown here seems to improve OA outcome. It represents a promising further development of mesh-mediated fascial traction for OA treatment.
Low Rate of Early Periprosthetic Fractures in Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty with a Triple-Tapered Wedge Stem
Authors:   Joint Implant Surgeons, Inc., New Albany, Ohio, Melvin Patricia R. , Bertrand Todd ,   Joint Implant Surgeons, Inc., New Albany, Ohio, Crawford David A. ,   Joint Implant Surgeons, Inc., New Albany, Ohio, Berend Keith R. ,   Joint Implant Surgeons, Inc., New Albany, Ohio
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Utilization of the direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been steadily increasing in recent years. While the DAA may offer some benefits compared to other approaches, there are still risks involved including relatively higher rates of periprosthetic femur fractures, especially when combined with cementless femoral stem use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early postoperative femoral complications with a short triple-wedge tapered stem used in primary THA via a DAA. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the arthroplasty registry of our institution from April 2022 to August 2023 to identify patients who underwent a primary THA via a DAA with the Short Medacta Stem (SMS) (Medacta International, Castel San Pietro, Switzerland). Patients were excluded if the stem was used for a revision surgery, they were within 90 days of surgery, or they refused research consent. Inclusion criteria was met in 262 patients (302 hips). Data was collected after reviewing the chart, and reports and radiographic measurements, including Dorr type and canal fit ratios, were obtained from preoperative and postoperative radiographs, respectively. Results: A total of 302 total hips were included, 161 patients were male (53.3%) and 141 were female (46.7%), with an average age of 66.5 years (27–88, +/- 10.7 years). Average follow up was 0.3 years (range, 0.05–1.71 years). The majority of patients had a Dorr B femur (81.7%). The Median stem size used was an 8 (range, 2–15), and 89.4% of those had a collar. Average canal fill ratio was 0.83 (range, 0.43–0.98, +/- 0.07). Overall, there were two Vancouver B2a periprosthetic femoral shaft fractures (0.66%) that required revision surgery to a modular stem. In addition, there were two Vancouver Ag greater trochanteric fractures (0.66%) with acceptable alignment that did not require revision surgery. Demographic information about the patients with femoral complications is summarized in Table I. Average age of patients with femoral complications was 69.5 years, with an average canal fit ratio of 0.88. Conclusion: We found that the triple-wedge implant had a low rate of early femoral complication in primary THA from an anterior approach and is safe for use in THA from a DAA. More follow up is needed to evaluate continuing implant survivorship and patient outcomes.
The Perspectives of Robotic Surgeons
Authors:   Peconic Bay Medical Center, Northwell Health, Riverhead, New York, Cervone Agostino , Rainey Joshua ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sodhi Nipun ,   Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, Riverhead, New York, Mont Michael A. ,   The Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
Published: May 2024

Given recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotic surgery, attention has now been paid to the concept of autonomous surgery. As robotic surgery has developed and matured, examples of autonomous surgery have arisen through the assistance of artificial intelligence. As with any new technology, ethical and legal considerations also arise, and there are special considerations that should be taken into account with the adaptation of new technology involving patient care. In this paper, we will describe autonomous surgery used in general surgery and lower extremity joint arthroplasty, and we will highlight the current ethical and legal considerations associated with this technology.
Treatment of an Exposed Achilles Tendon within a Refractory Mixed Arterial Venous Leg Ulcer with the Novel Use of Pericardium Allograft in Combination with Amniotic Allografting, Synthetic Extracellular Matrix, and Acellular Dermis Allografting: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Veteran Affairs, Southern Arizona Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona, Evensen Arthur , Walters Jodi ,   Department of Veteran Affairs, Southern Arizona Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona, Curbo Lee ,   Department of Veteran Affairs, Southern Arizona Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona, Batra Samta ,   Department of Veteran Affairs, Southern Arizona Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona
Published: May 2024

Xenografts, commonly from porcine or bovine sources, have decades-long documented use in reconstructive surgery, including the repair of Achilles tendons. Despite decellularization processes, the risk of antigenicity with xenografts still poses a threat for graft failure. Allograft tissues reduce the risk of immune response and provide greater likelihood of successful grafting. SteriGraft® Pericardium (BSP) (Bone Bank Allografts, San Antonio, Texas) is a lyophilized allograft obtained from the pericardial sac that has undergone sterilization and processing for use in the surgical repair. The aim of this case study was to highlight the novel use of human pericardium allograft in the repair of an exposed Achilles tendon within a vascular ulceration with the concomitant use of synthetic extracellular matrix, amniotic allografting, dermal allografting, and negative pressure wound therapy to achieve healing of the wound and restoration of limb function.
Vestibular Function is Associated with Prefrontal and Sensorimotor Cortical Gray Matter Volumes in a Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy, Older Adults
Authors: Padova Dominic , Faria Andreia , Ratnanather J. Tilak , So Raymond J. , Zhu Stanley , Agrawal Yuri
Published: May 2024

Background

The vestibular system is associated with alterations in the structure and function of the central nervous system. Yet, whether age-related vestibular loss is related to volume loss in the cerebral cortical areas that have been reported to receive vestibular input remains unknown. In this cross-sectional study of 117 healthy, older adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examine the relationships between age-related vestibular functions and the gray matter volumes of the prefrontal cortex and its subregions and of the sensorimotor cortex—regions known to process vestibular information.

Methods

T1-weighted MRI scans were automatically segmented using MRICloud. Log-linear multiple regression was used to investigate the relationships between average regional volume and vestibular function, adjusting for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Permutation testing was used for hypothesis testing, and bootstrapping was used to estimate confidence intervals.

Results

We found that age-related changes in vestibular end-organ function are associated with differentially altered gray matter volumes in the prefrontal and sensorimotor cortices, with many findings persisting when considering left (or right) side only. Concomitant with age-related, global brain atrophy, lower canal and utricular function were associated with additional volume atrophy of the prefrontal cortex and middle frontal gyrus, respectively. Lower saccular and utricular function were associated with the preservation of the volumes of the sensorimotor cortex and the pole of the superior frontal gyrus, respectively, against age-related, global brain atrophy. Canal and utricular function were not associated with the volumes of the sensorimotor cortex, and saccular function was not associated with the relative volumes of the prefrontal cortex.

Conclusion

Together, these findings of relative volume preservation or additional atrophy suggest that vestibular function may play a role in the resilience to or magnification of global age effects on cerebral cortical structure.
Capítulo 4. Herramientas de inteligencia artificial para la creación, edición y traducción de vídeos. Una revisión
Authors: Gómez-Diago Gloria
Published: May 2024

La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial para la automatización de la producción de contenidos desafía la actividad periodística. En un contexto donde al tiempo que se busca conocer los últimos desarrollos en esta tecnología, hay una preocupación legítima por la posible supresión de puestos de trabajo, parece oportuno revisar estas herramientas. Específicamente, nos ha interesado conocer aquellas para la creación, edición y traducción de vídeos, las más utilizadas por los periodistas de entre las que incorporan el uso de la IA (Bruccoleri et al. 2022; Gómez Diago & Martínez Nicolás, 2023). Se han revisado, utilizándolas, diez herramientas: siete para la creación de vídeos de forma automatizada y tres para el doblaje y subtitulado. Se trata de herramientas disponibles en Internet que pueden usarse sin descargar ningún programa y que tienen una versión gratuita. De la revisión realizada se obtiene que estas herramientas, en menos de diez minutos, crean vídeos a partir de las temáticas y o de los guiones propuestos, generando incluso títulos para los mismos. Así, a la solicitud de un vídeo sobre Marshall McLuhan y otro sobre Klaus Krippendorff, una herramienta creó dos vídeos, «Decoding Marshall McLuhan: The Medium is the Message» y «Klaus Krippendorff: The Master of Content Analysis». Su facilidad de uso y el hecho de que generan contenidos a partir contenidos almacenados previamente (fotografías, ilustraciones, audio, etc.) las sitúan como herramientas basadas en dos de los procesos definidores de la web: inmediatez y almacenamiento (Mackenzie, 1990, en Gehl, 2014).
Langagement (languaging), langage et énaction, a tale of two schools of scholars : un dialogue entre biologie et linguistique en construction
Authors:   CNRS - LDI, Paris 13, Bottineau Didier
Published: May 2024

Les biologistes Chiliens Varela et Maturana ont développé la théorie du languaging / langagement dans le paradigme de l’énaction : le langage humain comme composante éthologique du domaine consensuel d’interactions, participant à la production de monde vécu commun et propre à l’espèce, et orientant la co-évolution espèce / environnement. De leur côté, des linguistes, souvent issus de la psychomécanique du langage, commencent à s’intéresser à ce paradigme en partant de leurs préoccupations propres, comme le rôle du signifiant incarné dans la production d’effets de sens. Dans cette étude, on tente de problématiser plusieurs entrées dans le domaine « langage et énaction », on explicite l’altérité des questionnements et préoccupations, et on esquisse l’amorce d’un dialogue de nature à préciser les objectifs de recherche.
A new generalized beta function associated with statistical distribution and fractional kinetic equation
Authors: Panwar Savita , Rai Prakriti , Pandey Rupakshi Mishra
Published: May 2024

Several authors have extensively investigated beta function, hypergeometric function and confluent  hypergeometric function, their extensions and generalizations due to their several application in many areas of engineering, probability theory and science. The main purpose of this paper is to present a new generalization of extended beta function, hypergeometric function and confluent hypergeometric function with the help of m-parameter Mittag-Leffler function, as well as examine some important properties like integral representations, differential formula and summation formulas. We also examine generalized Caputo fractional derivative operator with the help of m-parameter Mittag-Leffler function with associated properties using the generalized beta function. We define a new beta distribution involving the new generalized beta function. The mean, variance, coefficient of variance, moment generating function and characteristic function and cumulative  distribution are derived. Further, we derive the solution of fractional Kinetic equation involving generalized  hypergeometric function.