bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Study
Authors: Gupta Swarna Biseria , Verma Divya , Singh D. P.
Published: December 2017

In the developing countries, incidence of systemic tuberculosis is very high, with over 8 million new cases each year. The incidence of tuberculous uveitis is also rising correspondingly. It is difficult to diagnose ocular tuberculosis because of the lack of specific ocular findings and specific confirmatory laboratory tests. However, in a developing country like India, where the prevalence of latent tuberculosis is high, uveitis of unexplained cause not fitting into known uveitis entities, in presence of Monteux positivity, is more likely to be tubercular in origin. Hence, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antitubercular treatment may result in dramatic drop in recurrence and improve individual patient outcomes.
Human Health Diagnosis System Based on Iris Features
Authors: N Poonguzhali , Ezhilarasan M. , Hariharan R. , Devaraajan N. Praveen
Published: December 2017

Iris feature has been used in authentication systems in many real time applications and is proved to provide high accuracy. Apart from authentication iris features can also be used for detecting pathological changes in human body and diagnose human health. The present study analyses the relationship between human iris anatomy and their health, as it is proved that changes in human health condition reflects the iris. Basically, in authentication system iris texture features are used for identification, in the proposed work iris texture and geometric features can also be deployed in diagnosing human health. The texture features present in the human iris are extracted using the mathematical statistical measure which is used to specify the characteristics of the texture of an image using gray-level co-occurrence matrix. The iris and pupil are extracted and correlated to the compactness features of the circle. Based on the comparison the system enables in prediction of abnormalities in the iris texture and identifies the affected person.
Leveling up the Classroom
Authors: Hanus Michael D. , Cruz Carlos
Published: December 2017

Gamification continues to grow in popularity, and has significant application to education and student motivation. Because gamification is a large, encompassing concept it may be best to assess its effects by breaking down its composite features and assessing the positive and negative effects of these features. This chapter takes features including immediate feedback, use of narrative, tailored challenges, and displays of progress, and discusses popular current theories in communication and psychology to discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of each feature, placing a focus on student motivation, comparison, and self-perception. This moves to discuss practical ways to best employ gamification features, and discusses the impact of digital technology on gamification in the classroom and should be useful for researchers interested in the topic and for teachers considering how to best gamify their classrooms.
A retrospective comparative study of the efficacy and safety of two regimens of diphenylcyclopropenone in the treatment of recalcitrant alopecia areata
Authors: Sriphojanart Tueboon , Khunkhet Saranya , Suchonwanit Poonkiat
Published: December 2017

Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) is an effective topical immunotherapy for recalcitrant alopecia areata (AA), which sometimes requires prolonged treatment. We developed a new treatment protocol to shorten the duration of therapy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the new treatment protocol with the standard treatment protocol in the treatment of recalcitrant AA. We conducted a 6-year retrospective comparative study of patients with AA who received one of the DPCP treatment protocols at our institute. Patients’ information was collected and subsequent statistically analyzed. Thirtynine patients (16 in the new treatment group and 23 in the standard treatment group) were included. There were no statistically significant differences in area of hair regrowth. Mean duration to initial hair regrowth and mean duration to significant hair regrowth in the new treatment group were significantly shorter than in the standard treatment group (P=0.002 and 0.01, respectively). Adverse effects were slightly higher in the new treatment group. The present study reveals the effectiveness and safety of the new treatment protocol, which shortens the duration of DPCP treatment and could represent an alternative regimen.
What you do not know Could Hurt You: What Women Wish their Doctors Had Told them about Chemotherapy Side Effects on Memory and Response to Alcohol
Authors: Couvertier-Lebron Carmen E. , Dove Rachel , Acevedo Summer F.
Published: December 2017

For many patients, a cancer diagnosis is followed by chemotherapy treatment, which works by attacking cells that are growing and dividing throughout the body. Although cancer cells grow and divide more quickly than healthy cells, both are targets. The loss of healthy cells is associated with side effects, such as memory loss and altered response to a variety of food and drugs. In this pilot study, we use the “Survey of female cancer treatments, effects on memory and alcohol awareness” to explore trends in female experience and awareness of side effects associated with chemotherapy. We examined 79 female cancer patients, 46 Spanish-speaking women in Puerto Rico and 33 English-speaking women in the continental United States, and compared the rates of a reported memory loss or an altered ethanol response following chemotherapy, whether or not potential side effects were discussed with a medical professional, and whether they experienced changes in alcohol consumption after treatment. A majority of participants reported having experienced short-term memory loss postchemotherapy. Changes in response to alcohol and an altered sensitivity to alcohol were also reported by 25%–47% of the respondents. Additionally, more than half of all female cancer patients reported that they wished they would have received information on the side effects of chemotherapy and secondary medications prior to treatment. The survey results suggest that medical professionals are not adequately informing women of common, potentially harmful side effects of chemotherapy. Women do wish to be more educated about potential side effects related to memory and alcohol and be given the opportunity to discuss potential outcomes with a medical professional prior to treatment to reduce the negative impact of treatment-related side effects on posttreatment quality of life.
Gestión de la comunicación de crisis en los atentados de 2017 en Reino Unido. Propuesta de un protocolo 2.0 para la comunicación de crisis
Authors: Martínez Solana María Yolanda , Frazão Nogueira Ana Gabriela , Valarezo González Karina Paola
Published: December 2017

El artículo estudia diferentes ejemplos de comunicación de crisis correcta o equivocada, especialmente en el campo de la política, y sus efectos sobre los niveles de aprobación de un liderazgo político. Se pone especial énfasis en la secuencia de los tres atentados ocurridos este año en Gran Bretaña, en cómo la primera ministra Theresa May reaccionó, y en cómo los errores comunicativos que cometió provocaron que perdiera la mayoría absoluta en las elecciones del 8 de junio. Metodología: Para elaborar este documento, se han estudiado 32 artículos de hasta diez medios británicos, de los que sobresalen The Guardian, BBC y The Independent, con especial atención a los sucesos de los días estudiados. Asimismo, se han consultado varios libros y artículos de investigación sobre la comunicación política y sobre aspectos particulares de ella. Cinco días se han tomado especialmente como muestra: el 22 de marzo, fecha del atentado en el Puente de Westminster; el 22 de mayo, el atentado en el Manchester Arena; el 3 de junio, día en que se produjo el ataque en el Puente de Londres; el 8 de junio, fecha de las elecciones generales; y el 14 de junio, cuando el edificio Grenfell se incendió. Conclusiones y resultados: A partir de todos los documentos estudiados, y tras terminar la investigación, la conclusión es que una mala gestión de la comunicación en una crisis provoca un descenso brusco de la confianza popular en el líder político al mando, y, como en esta ocasión, una desafección que puede reflejarse rápidamente en las urnas. Theresa May cometió muchos errores políticos y comunicativos durante estas crisis, y ello provocó que no lograse el resultado electoral que ella esperaba al convocar las elecciones. Al mismo tiempo, si se gestiona bien una crisis, el apoyo popular del mandatario aumenta exponencialmente, gracias al efecto ‘round the flag.
Les fluoroquinolones : Aspects pharmacologiques et toxicologiques
Authors: Anadón Arturo
Published: December 2017

Les fluoroquinolones, congénères pipérazinyl-substitués fluorés de l’acide nalidixique, sont des agents antibactériens 4-quinolone présentant une excellente activité. Elles montrent un spectre antibactérien in vitro beaucoup plus large que celui de la substance mère ainsi qu’une plus grande puissance. A la différence de l’acide nalidixique, les fluoroquinolones sont également actives contre >Pseudomonas aeruginosa et quelques germes à gram-positif. La cible des fluoroquinolones est la DNA gyrase, topoisomérase II ATP-dépendante, qui produit le surenroulement négatif du DNA. Des études génétiques et biochimiques de pharmaco-résistance sur cette enzyme ont montré que la sous-unité A de l’enzyme est la cible des quinolones. Après administration orale, les fluoroquinolones sont rapidement absorbées et distribuées dans l’organisme ; elles présentent un grand volume de distribution et pénètrent bien dans les tissus et les cellules. Les fluoroquinolones présentent aussi un bon profil de sécurité relative avec une faible incidence d’effets indésirables. Toutes ces propriétés microbiologiques et pharmacologiques des fluoroquinolones en font des agents extrêmement utiles pour le traitement d’une large variété d’infections chez les animaux domestiques. Cependant, il faut réaliser des études de résidus chez des espèces d’animaux producteurs d’aliments pour vérifier, avec un degré élevé de confiance, l’intervalle de temps nécessaire pour que les taux de résidus du médicament soient en dessous des limites maximales de résidus (LMR) après le dernier traitement. Les LMR seraient déterminées selon les données sur les résidus, le métabolisme et la toxicologie.
“It's Not Just Time Off”: A Framework for Understanding Factors Promoting Recovery From Burnout Among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Abedini Nauzley C. , Stack Shobha W. , Goodman Jessie L. , Steinberg Kenneth P.
Published: December 2017

Background 

Burnout rates for internal medicine residents are among the highest of all specialties, yet little is known about how residents recover from burnout.

Objective 

We identified factors promoting recovery from burnout and factors that assist with the subsequent avoidance of burnout among internal medicine residents.

Methods 

A purposive sample of postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2), PGY-3, and recent graduates who experienced and recovered from burnout during residency participated in semistructured, 60-minute interviews from June to August 2016. Using qualitative methods derived from grounded theory, saturation of themes occurred after 25 interviews. Coding was performed in an iterative fashion and consensus was reached on major themes.

Results 

Coding revealed 2 different categories of resident burnout—circumstantial and existential—with differing recovery and avoidance methods. Circumstantial burnout stemmed from self-limited circumstances and environmental triggers. Recovery from, and subsequent avoidance of, circumstantial burnout arose from (1) resolving workplace challenges; (2) nurturing personal lives; and (3) taking time off. In contrast, existential burnout stemmed from a loss of meaning in medicine and an uncertain professional role. These themes were identified around recovery: (1) recognizing burnout and feeling validated; (2) connecting with patients and colleagues; (3) finding meaning in medicine; and (4) redefining a professional identity and role.

Conclusions 

Our study suggests that residents experience different types of burnout and have variable methods by which they recover from and avoid further burnout. Categorizing residents' burnout into circumstantial versus existential experiences may serve as a helpful framework for formulating interventions.
Commercial Banks’ Sectoral Credit Allocation and Growth of Nigeria Economy: An Impact Analysis (1994-2015)
Authors: Paul Ndubuisi
Published: December 2017

This study set out to analyse the impact of commercial banks sectoral credit allocation on the growth index of Nigeria economy. Data for the study were obtained from secondary sources and analysed using econometric methods namely: ADF unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test; vector error correction model and Granger causality test. The ADF test result indicate that the variables are stationary at first difference. The Johansen cointegration result revealed that there are three cointegrating equations among the variables. The vector error correction result indicate that economic growth is a positive and significant function of credit to agriculture, manufacturing and general services. The result of Granger causality shows that credit to agriculture is bidirectionally related to economic growth while credit to manufacturing sector granger causes economic growth without a feedback effect. The study therefore recommended that government should provide the enabling environment for small, medium and large business to operate. This could be do ne thro ugh business friendly monetary and fiscal policies. Commercial bank should reduce the interest rates on lendings to facilitate operations in various sectors and increases growths.Key Words: Credit, sectoral allocation, economic growth; liquidity; liability management
L’Espace Romanesque De Sony Labou Tansi: Enjeu des Forces Sociolectales
Authors: Okolo Chinwe Jane
Published: December 2017

Notre étude vient du fait que la spatialité est un sujet courant dans la critique postmoderne et postcoloniale d’où le phénomène de « Spatial turn » « le tournant spatial » La motrice de conflits dans l’espace fictif d’un grand nombre de romans de l’Afrique post-indépendante y compris les romans de notre corpus est la détention de pouvoir. L’espace fictif aussi bien que la société entière sont soumis à des tensions entre les dirigeants qui se comportent en maîtres potentats absolus et les dirigés. Ces tensions propulsées par la chasse au pouvoir sont encore vivifiées par un troisième groupe qui refuse de demeurer d’éternels « sourds-muets » et des « bouts-de-bois-de-Dieu » sans voix. Ces derniers se constituent en révolutionnaires dont l’objectif est l’assaut aux dirigeants maîtres absolus afin de faire naître une société équitable. L’espace en tant qu’élément constitutif du roman s’impose d’une manière active dans les conflits sociolectals au sein des oeuvres de notre étude. Notre analyse des forces sociolectales dans l’inscription de l’espace romanesque laboutansien révèle que l’espace va de pair avec l’axe actanciel aussi bien que les thèmes sociopolitiques des romans. L’inscription de l’espace dans ces romans traduit les traumatismes sociopolitiques que subit le monde fictionnel de Sony Labou Tansi.Mots-Clés: Les forces sociolectales, L’espace, le totalitarisme, l’injustice, l’insécurité
Political economy of the Stability and Growth Pact
Authors: Costantini Orsola
Published: December 2017

In spite of many claims that the European treaties cannot be reformed, European economic governance has evolved substantially over the last two decades. The process has erected an ever more complex system of rules, deadlines, and commitments conferring more power on the European Commission and other common institutions. This paper analyses the sequence of reforms to the Stability and Growth Pact, focusing on how reliance on shaky theory-laden macroeconomic estimates has played a crucial role in the whole process. The cyclically adjusted (or structural) budget estimate has provided scientific validation to behind-the-scenes political negotiations.
Mountain waves modulate the water vapor distribution in the UTLS
Authors: Heller Romy , Voigt Christiane , Beaton Stuart , Dörnbrack Andreas , Giez Andreas , Kaufmann Stefan , Mallaun Christian , Schlager Hans , Wagner Johannes , Young Kate , Rapp Markus
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) region has a strong impact on the atmospheric radiation budget. Transport and mixing processes on different scales mainly determine the water vapor concentration in the UTLS. Here, we investigate the effect of mountain waves on the vertical transport and mixing of water vapor. For this purpose we analyze measurements of water vapor and meteorological parameters recorded by the DLR Falcon and NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft taken during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) in New Zealand. By combining different methods, we develop a new approach to quantify location, direction and irreversibility of the water vapor transport during a strong mountain wave event on 4 July 2014. A large positive vertical water vapor flux is detected above the Southern Alps extending from the troposphere to the stratosphere in the altitude range between 7.7 and 13.0 km. Wavelet analysis for the 8.9 km altitude level shows that the enhanced upward water vapor transport above the mountains is caused by mountain waves with horizontal wavelengths between 22 and 60 km. A downward transport of water vapor with 22 km wavelength is observed in the lee-side of the mountain ridge. While it is a priori not clear whether the observed fluxes are irreversible, low Richardson numbers derived from dropsonde data indicate enhanced turbulence in the tropopause region related to the mountain wave event. Together with the analysis of the water vapor to ozone correlation, we find indications for vertical transport followed by irreversible mixing of water vapor. For our case study, we further estimate greater than 1 W m−2 radiative forcing by the increased water vapor concentrations in the UTLS above the Southern Alps of New Zealand, resulting from mountain waves relative to unperturbed conditions. Hence, mountain waves have a great potential to affect the water vapor distribution in the UTLS. Our regional study may motivate further investigations of the global effects of mountain waves on the UTLS water vapor distributions and its radiative effects.
Shrub type dominates the vertical distribution of leaf C : N : P stoichiometry across an extensive altitudinal gradient
Authors: Zhao Wenqiang , Reich Peter B. , Yu Qiannan , Zhao Ning , Yin Chunying , Zhao Chunzhang , Li Dandan , Hu Jun , Li Ting , Yin Huajun , Liu Qing
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Understanding the leaf stoichiometric patterns is crucial for improving predictions on plant responses to environmental changes. Leaf stoichiometry of terrestrial ecosystems has been widely investigated along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. Still, very little is known on the vertical distribution of leaf C : N : P and the relative effects of environmental parameters, especially for shrubs. Here, we analyzed the shrub leaf C, N and P patterns in 125 mountainous sites over an extensive altitudinal gradient (523–4685 m) on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that the shrub leaf C and C : N were 7.3 %–47.5 % higher than those of other regional and global flora, whereas the leaf N and N : P were 10.2 %–75.8 % lower. Leaf C increased with rising altitude and decreasing temperature, supporting the physiological acclimation mechanism that high leaf C (e.g., alpine or evergreen shrub) could balance the cell osmotic pressure and resist freezing. The largest leaf N and high leaf P occurred in valley region (altitude 1500 m), likely due to the large nutrient leaching from higher elevations, faster litter decomposition and nutrient resorption ability of deciduous broadleaf shrub. Leaf N : P ratio further indicated increasing N limitation at higher altitudes. Interestingly, the drought severity was the only climatic factor positively correlated with leaf N and P, which was more appropriate for evaluating the impact of water status than precipitation. Among the shrub ecosystem and functional types (alpine, subalpine, montane, valley, evergreen, deciduous, broadleaf, and conifer), their leaf element contents and responses to environments were remarkably different. Shrub type was the largest contributor to the total variations in leaf stoichiometry, while climate indirectly affected the leaf C : N : P via its interactive effects on shrub type or soil. Collectively, the large heterogeneity in shrub type was the most important factor explaining the overall leaf C : N : P variations, despite the broad climate gradient on the plateau. Temperature- and drought-induced shift of shrub type distribution will influence the nutrient accumulation in mountainous shrubs.
A new procedure for processing eddy-covariance data to better quantify atmosphere-aquatic ecosystem CO2 exchanges
Authors: Tokoro Tatsuki , Kuwae Tomohiro
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The capture of carbon by aquatic ecosystems and its sequestration in sediments has been studied as a potential method for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. However, the evaluation of in situ atmospheric CO2 fluxes is challenging because of the difficulty in making continuous measurements over areas and for periods of time that are environmentally relevant. The eddy covariance (EC) method is the most promising approach to address this concern with the measurement of atmospheric CO2 fluxes. However, methods to process the data obtained from EC measurements are still being developed, and the estimated air-water CO2 fluxes have large uncertainties and differ from those obtained using conventional methods. In this study, we improved the post-processing procedure for the EC method to reduce the uncertainty in the measured air-water CO2 fluxes. Our new procedure efficiently removes erroneous fluxes using a combination of filtering methods based on the received signal strength indicator of the EC sensor, the normalized standard deviation of atmospheric CO2 and water vapor concentrations, and a high-pass filter. Our procedure is easier to apply to EC measurements than existing correction methods. The improved EC fluxes did not always agree with those obtained by using conventional methods (e.g., the bulk formula method), but this difference was attributable to the difference of measurement heights and the effect on the measured fluxes of the physical and biological properties of the water surface (e.g., the presence of vegetation on the water surface and the temperature gradient in the overlying atmospheric layer). Because the measurement height and the spatiotemporal scales of the flux measurement depend on the applied method, it is essential to select the appropriate method for studies related to CO2 fluxes and to the determination of ecosystem-atmospheric CO2 interactions and the role of aquatic ecosystems in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change.
Oligocene TEX86-derived seawater temperatures from offshore Wilkes Land (East Antarctica)
Authors: Hartman Julian D. , Sangiorgi Francesca , Salabarnada Ariadna , Peterse Francien , Houben Alexander J. P. , Schouten Stefan , Escutia Carlota , Bijl Peter K.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Today, the temperature of the surface waters near the Antarctic coast is a determining factor in the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) through sea-ice production, sea-ice extent, and the extent of the ice shelf. For the Oligocene, deep-sea benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope (δ18O) reconstructions suggest that the volume of the Antarctic continental ice sheet(s) varied substantially both on million-year and on orbital timescales after its inception in the early Oligocene, and even reached larger than modern-day volumes. Replication of such dynamicity through physical modeling remains problematic, suggesting the existence of complex feedbacks between the cryosphere, the ocean and the atmosphere. To assess the relation between cryosphere, ocean and atmosphere, knowledge of sea surface conditions close to the Antarctic margin is essential. We present a TEX86-based surface water paleotemperature record measured on Oligocene sediments from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1356, offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica. This record allows us to reconstruct the magnitude of seawater temperature variability and trends on both million-year and on glacial-interglacial timescales. TEX86 index values suggest surface temperatures between 10 and 21 °C during the Oligocene, which is on the upper end of the few available reconstructions. Sea surface temperature (SST) maxima occur around 30.5 and 25 Ma, irrespective of the calibration equation chosen. Based on glacial-interglacial lithological alternations we have established that SST variability between glacial intervals and their successive interglacials ranged between 1.8–3.2 °C. As benthic foraminiferal δ18O data incorporate both an ice-volume and a temperature component, our reconstructed Oligocene temperature variability could have implications for current Oligocene ice-volume estimates. If the long-term ad orbital SST variability is representative of that of the nearby region of deep-water formation, we can assess the impact of this temperature record on the volume and dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet(s) by comparing it with the δ18O trends and variability. From this comparison, we argue that a significant portion of the variability and trends contained in long-term δ18O records can be explained by variability in Southern high-latitude temperature. If indeed a large part of the δ18O variability is due to large glacial-interglacial bottom-water temperature shifts, the Oligocene Antarctic ice volume was less sensitive to climate change than previously assumed.
The design formulae for skew line gear wheel structures oriented to the additive manufacturing technology based on strength analysis
Authors: Lyu Yueling , Chen Yangzhi , Lin Yifan
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In this paper, the design methodology for a skew line gear pair oriented to additive manufacturing technology, with an one-tooth driving line gear and its coupled driven line gear, used for the conventional powered transmission, is researched based on strength analysis. First, the expressions of meshing forces on the line tooth of line gears are deduced; the deformations and stresses of existing structures of a line gear pair are analyzed by using ANSYS Workbench. Then, the reliable structure and the parameters standardization formulae of a line gear pair are deduced by stiffness and strength analyses. Finally, a design case shows that the proposed design methods provide a convenient and reasonable design tool for designing a skew line gear pair in conventional powered transmission field.
A hazard model of subfreezing temperatures in the United Kingdom
using vine copulas
Authors: Koumoutsaris Symeon
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Extreme cold weather events, such as the winters of 1962/63, the third coldest winter ever recorded, or more recently the winter of 2010/11, have significant consequences for the society and economy. This paper assesses the probability of such extreme cold weather across the United Kingdom. For that, a statistical model is developed in order to model the extremes of the Air Freezing Index (AFI), which is a common measure of magnitude and duration of freezing temperatures. A novel approach in the modelling of the spatial dependence of the hazard has been followed which takes advantage of the vine copula methodology. The method allows to model complex dependencies especially between the tails of the AFI distributions which is important to assess reliably the extreme behaviour of such events. The model suggests that the extreme winter 1962/63 has a return period of approximately once every 89 years, but the relative short record length together with the unclear effects of anthropogenic forcing on the local climate add considerable uncertainty to this estimate. This model is used as part of a probabilistic catastrophe model for insured losses caused by the bursting of pipes.
Stability assessment of roadbed affected by ground
subsidence adjacent to urban railways
Authors: Eum Ki-Young , Park Young-Kon , Jeon Sang-Soo
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In recent years, leakages in aged pipelines for water and sewage in urban areas have frequently induced ground loss resulting in cavities. One third of the pipelines buried in Seoul city in South Korea are more than fifty years old. Train loadings and change in groundwater levels in the undiscerned development of urban areas induce roadbed settlements. Train derailment may occur as the roadbed exceeds the allowable settlements associated with location and size of the cavity adjacent to the roadbed. In this study, FLAC3D, which is a three-dimensional finite-difference numerical modeling software, is used to do stability and risk level assessment for the roadbed in adjacent to urban railways with respect to various groundwater levels and the geometric characteristics of cavities. Numerical results show that the roadbed settlements in simulated ground conditions in South Korea, that satisfy the allowable values for a cavity of diameter of 10 m exists adjacent to the roadbed. The distance between the center of the roadbed and the center of the cavity should be greater than 25 m and the groundwater level should be greater than 22 m below the ground surface.
Vicent Llombart Rosa (1948-2017): obituario. Historiografía y compilación bibliográfica
Authors: Cervera Ferri Pablo
Published: December 2017

El doctor Vicent Llombart Rosa fue catedrático de Historia del Pensamiento Económico de la Universitat de València y un reconocido experto en la Ilustración, miembro de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de Valencia y consejero del primer gobierno socialista valenciano de la democracia. A continuación se ofrecen su biografía, el resumen de sus principales aportaciones a la historiografía del siglo XVIII y una compilación de su obra académica y periodística.
Estudio del eslogan. Origen, propiedades y tipología
Authors: Eguizábal Raúl
Published: December 2017

Este artículo constituye la primera parte de un amplio estudio sobre el eslogan, fórmula verbal muy empleada en la comunicación comercial y política, y de probada eficacia. El interés de su conocimiento reside en la amplitud y diversidad de los ámbitos en los que es empleada, en su carácter polémico, su fuerza perlocutiva y en que ha dado lugar a expresiones muy relevantes, fuertemente ancladas en el imaginario social, que forman parte del repertorio de nuestra ideología, de nuestro acervo cultural y de nuestra memoria colectiva. Su estudio se hará desde la perspectiva de la comunicación, la publicidad, la retórica y el lenguaje.
Foucault: atitude crítica e seu lugar na modernidade
Authors: Anastacio Lara Pimentel Figueira
Published: December 2017

Tomando dois momentos em que Foucault interpreta a relação entre Kant e a Aufklärung, o primeiro, na conferência “O que é a Crítica?” (1978), e o segundo, nos dois artigos “O que é o Esclarecimento?” (1984), pretendemos mostrar de que modo seu olhar crítico evidencia uma compreensão prática da modernidade ao se inscrever na tradição da Aufklärung. Gostaríamos de mostrar como Foucault encontra nas bases da loso a kantiana já uma atitude originária do pensamento crítico, prática que consiste fundamentalmente na decisão de não ser de tal forma governado. A principal consequência losó ca dessa postura é a construção de um pensamento estruturado no desenvolvimento de uma ontologia do presente, compreendida então como ontologia do devir.
The Questionable Legitimacy of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project
Authors: Fung Sissie
Published: December 2017

The Questionable Legitimacy of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project

The global financial crisis of 2008 and the following public uproar over offshore tax evasion and corporate aggressive tax planning scandals gave rise to unprecedented international cooperation on tax information exchange and coordination on corporate tax reforms. At the behest of the G20, the OECD developed a comprehensive package of ‘consensus-based’ policy reform measures aimed to curb base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) by multinationals and to restore fairness and coherence to the international tax system. The legitimacy of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project, however, has been widely challenged. This paper explores the validity of the legitimacy concerns raised by the various stakeholders regarding the OECD/G20 BEPS Project.
Ultrafiltration rate and diabetes as useful indicators of cardiovascular-related death in hemodialysis patients below 60 years of age
Authors: Krzanowski Marcin , Krzanowska Katarzyna , Dziewierz Artur , Banaszkiewicz Małgorzata , Jurczyszyn Artur , Woziwodzka Karolina , Chmiel Grzegorz , Kopeć Jerzy , Sułowicz Władysław
Published: December 2017

Background: The survival rate of elderly hemodialyzed (HD) patients is commonly thought to be poor. In a prospective, single center, non-interventional, observational study, the cause of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) and heart failure (HF) mortality in this patient group were examined and compared with a younger cohort (below 60 years).
Material/Methods: The study included 223 patients (90 women and 133 men) with age ranging from 34.5 to 75.0 years treated with HD. Median duration of HD was 70.0 months (24.0-120.0). Mortality data was collected over a period of six years. We divided patients into groups: <60 (n=123), ≥60 years (n=100), and with (n=33) and without DM type 2 (n=190).
Results: During a six-year follow-up, 100 patients (44.8%) died, including 83 (37.2%) patients who died due to CV reasons. Median follow-up was 2015.0 days (946.0-2463.0) with the median time to death of 1166.0 days (654.5-1631.0). The factors negatively affecting patients’ survival in univariate Cox regression analysis included for all-cause mortality were: inter-dialytic weight gain (IDWG) (hazard ratio [HR]=1.60; p=0.01), ultrafiltration (UF) rate (HR=3.63; p=0.012) for group <60 years; for CV death: UF rate (HR=4.20; p=0.03), DM (HR=5.11; p=0.002) for group <60 years; for HF death: mellitus type 2 (DM) (HR=2.93; p=0.027) for group ≥60 years). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis for patients <60 years, the UF rate was the only independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR 3.63 (1.34-9.67); p=0.011). Both DM (HR 4.91 (1.71-14.10); p=0.003) and UF rate (HR 3.62 (1.04-12.61); p=0.044) were independent predictors of CV-related mortality in patients <60 years.
Conclusions: The UF rate can be a simple, useful indicator of higher long-term all-cause and CV mortality in HD patients <60 years of age. Also, DM may be a predictor of CV–related mortality in younger HD patients.
Differentiation of physical activity of prison service officers according to job specialization
Authors: Bergier Józef , Wojciechowski Leszek
Published: December 2017

Study aim. The proper physical activity of prison staff is an indispensable component of their professional work. The purpose
of the study was to: identify the level of physical activity of offi cers employed in the security department – protective specialization
and others – administrative specialization, and demonstrate differences in their: free time, self-evaluation of physical fi tness,
number of performed sports disciplines and BMI.
Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2015 among 100 employees of the Biała Podlaska Penitentiary using the
long-standing IPAQ questionnaire supplemented with original questions regarding amount of free time, self-evaluation of physical
fi tness, number of performed sports as well as height and body mass.
Results. In the distinguished groups of prison service offi cers (protective and administrative specializations), the desired direction
of differences in physical activity was demonstrated in the absence of their relevance. Similar relationships were found in other
positive health and lifestyle indicators. In this range of differences, attention is given to high body mass index (BMI), especially in the
administrative specialization.
Conclusions.
1. The offi cers of both specializations are characterized by high levels of physical activity.
2. The small number of performed sports appears to be a less favourable fact.
3. The occurrence of obesity in administrators should be a signal to implement lifestyle changes, including greater concern
for physical activity and nutrition.
A homossexualidade masculina nas teses inaugurais da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (1850-1900)
Authors: Silva Daniel Vital dos Santos
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é indicar como a homossexualidade masculina foi tematizada pelos médicos baianos oitocentistas. De uma denúncia moral, o erotismo e o afeto entre homens tornou-se, no final do século, uma doença específica dotada de características corpóreas bem marcadas e identificáveis. Intenta-se, igualmente, demonstrar que esses discursos médicos estavam ligados a preocupações da sociedade naquele período, não constituindo de maneira alguma uma discussão vazia, descolada da realidade, mas realizada na Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia.
“Mal-estar entre os ferroviários”: a relação entre o Estado, a CVRD, o SINDFER e os trabalhadores de 1957 a 1961
Authors: Pereira André Ricardo Valle Vasco , Grandson Douglas Edward Furness
Published: December 2017

Esse artigo toma o jornal do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB), Folha Capixaba, no período de 1957 até 1961, como base para estudar as relações estabelecidas entre o poder de Estado, a direção da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), o Sindifer (Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Empresas Ferroviárias de Vitória) e os trabalhadores. Buscamos identificar as estratégias usadas por comunistas e trabalhistas como mediadores no interior desse arranjo de poder. Para tanto, discutimos com a literatura especializada e buscamos uma solução interpretativa que não seja unilateral no sentido dos mecanismos de controle ou cooptação, das dinâmicas internas das lideranças e das realidades vividas pelos ferroviários. Além disso, acompanhamos as circunstâncias mutantes de uma conjuntura complexa e rica, nas quais os atores por vezes se aliaram ou se afastaram, mas tendo sempre que dar respostas satisfatórias às pressões de suas bases e tendo em vista os limites estabelecidos. 
Das concepções de memória e identidade de Candau à representação dos carretéis de Iberê Camargo
Authors: Finger Mirian Martins
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo abordará algumas questões referentes à relevância da memória no fazer plástico do artista gaúcho Iberê Camargo, mais especificamente na série Carretéis. Para isso, o texto será balizado em Joël Candau (2005-2014) e suas concepções alusivas à memória e identidade, assim como em Halbwachs (2006), Gagnebin (2006) e Nora (1993); além de autores que contemplam a temática “arte” (Goodman, 1978) e “Iberê Camargo”, como Massi (2009), Pasta (2003), Siqueira (2009) e textos do próprio artista (1987; 2009; 2012a; 2012b). Há neste breve estudo uma tentativa de situar alguns momentos da vida artística de Iberê e demonstrar, por exemplo, como a “memória propriamente dita ou memória de alto nível” e a “metamemória” do artista integraram sua produção plástica. O escrito terá início com uma breve conceituação dos modos de memória de Candau, seguido por um brevíssimo relato sobre a vida do artista. A seguir, serão introduzidas as questões relevantes ao tema memória, explanando a partir da trajetória do artista, a presença da memória propriamente dita (recordações e lembranças) como mote para a produção gráfica, pictórica e textual, e a metamemória (representações que fazia de sua memória).
Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias, treinta y cinco años después. Lo que queda por hacer = Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias, Thirty Five Years Later. What Remanis to Be Done
Authors: Lobato Franco Isabel
Published: December 2017

El aniversario de la publicación de una obra fundamental en la historiografía modernista catalana y española como es Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias de Carlos Martínez Shaw, sirve no sólo para rendir obligado tributo al autor, sino también como punto de partida de un ensayo donde se reflexiona sobre la evolución seguida por una línea de investigación que, abierta por Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias, rindió sus mejores frutos en las dos últimas décadas del siglo pasado y que en la actualidad ha desaparecido de las agendas de  investigación de las universidades catalanas, quedando las relaciones entre Cataluña y América a merced de las tergiversadas opiniones de supuestos investigadores. El eclipse de este ámbito de investigación no se debe, en modo alguno al agotamiento de sus fuentes, antes bien, en este trabajo se muestra cómo existen fuentes prácticamente inéditas que permitirían ampliar hacia atrás el marco cronológico de Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias extendiéndolo hacia el siglo XVI.AbstractThe anniversary of the publication of a fundamental work in the Catalan and Spanish  historiography of the Early Modern period , Carlos Martínez Shaw’s  Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias, serves not only to pay a worthy tribute to the author, but also as the starting point of an essay reflecting on the evolution followed by line of research which, opened by Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias, bore its best results in the last two decades of  the last century, but which has currently disappeared from the research agendas of the Catalan universities. Relations between Catalonia and America have thus been left at the mercy of the distorted opinions of supposed researchers. The eclipse of this area of research is not at all due to the drying-up of its sources, and this paper shows that there are practically unpublished sources which would make it possible to extend the time frame of Cataluña en la Carrera de Indias back to the sixteenth century.
Reseña de: Fragoso ,João & Gonçalo Monteiro, Nuno (organizadores), Um reino e suas repúblicas no atlántico. Comunicações políticas entre Portugal, Brasil e Angola nos séculos XVII e XVIII
Authors: Precioso  Izquierdo Francisco
Published: December 2017

Reseña de: Fragoso ,João & Gonçalo Monteiro, Nuno (organizadores), Um reino e suas repúblicas no atlántico. Comunicações políticas entre Portugal, Brasil e Angola nos séculos XVII e XVIII, Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 2017, 475 pp., isbn: 978-85-200-1269-7.
Polar Codes for Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Nakassis Anastase
Published: December 2017

This paper addresses the performance of polar codes in the context of the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. It introduces the notion of an interactive polar decoder and studies its performance. The results demonstrate that the interactive decoder is efficient in the right environment and can be used to construct good classical polar codes efficiently.
Det är inte enbart frågan om nomenklatur: Naturvetenskap och estetik
Authors: Wolff Lili-Ann , Sjöblom Pia
Published: December 2017

This article discusses the way humans value nature, with a focus on the way they value nature aesthetically. Of particular interest are the values of children and adolescents and the role of aesthetics in scientific studies. The discussion is based on philosophical writings, especially aesthetic sources, and current environmental education empirical research. Our aim is to show the necessity the science lessons have of an unambiguous aesthetic dimension. With flexible teaching methods that partly take place outdoor, the students' own values and aesthetic experiences become a prompting starting point for understanding humankind’s role in nature.
Intervenir par le sport auprès de jeunes contrevenants : analyse descriptive et compréhensive de dix interventions
Authors: Rioux Michel-Alexandre , Laurier Catherine , Gadais Tegwen , Terradas Miguel
Published: December 2017

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser des recherches portant sur des interventions fondées sur le sport en milieu de réhabilitation afin de comprendre comment et pourquoi de telles initiatives peuvent avoir un impact sur la réhabilitation des jeunes participants. Une revue de la littérature à été effectuée à partir de quatre bases de données : ERIC, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Psycinfo et Sport Discuss. Toutes les études répondant aux critères d’inclusion (N = 10) ont d’abord été analysées de manière descriptive, puis compréhensive à la lumière de la Théorie du changement (Weiss, 1998). Ces analyses ont permis de mettre en lumière les facteurs associés au fonctionnement des interventions basées sur le sport auprès des jeunes contrevenants. Les grands thèmes sous lesquels se regroupent les principaux facteurs sont (a) les jeunes participants (participation et non participation), (b) l’intervention basée sur le sport (objectifs et mécanismes), (c) l’expérience sportive des participants (entraîneurs et discipline sportive), (d) les effets de l’intervention sur les participants (attitude face à la délinquance, comportements délinquants, physique, psychologique, social et psychoéducative), et finalement, (e) les facteurs influençant la relation entre la participation sportive et les impacts sur les jeunes participants (intra personnels, interpersonnels et programmation). La présente étude mène à des recommandations sur l’implantation d’une intervention basée sur le sport en milieu de réhabilitation.
Genetic diversity analysis of the coat protein gene revealed strong evolutionary constraints on Ornithogalum mosaic virus
Authors: Gao Fangluan , Du Zhenguo , Shen Jianguo , Yang Hongkai , Liao Furong
Published: December 2017

Ornithogalum mosaic virus (OrMV) has a wide host range and affects the production of a variety of ornamentals. In this study, the coat protein (CP) gene of OrMVwas used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this virus. The 36 OrMV isolates fell into two groups which have a significant subpopulation differentiation with an FST value of 0.470. One isolate was identified as a recombinant and the other 35 recombination-free isolates could be divided into two major clades under different evolutionary constraints with ω-values of 0.055 and 0.028, respectively, indicating a role of purifying selection in the differentiation of OrMV. In addition, the results from molecular variance of analysis (AMOVA) indicated that the effect of host species on the genetic divergence of OrMV is greater than that of geography. In BaTS analysis, OrMV isolates from the genera Ornithogalum, Lachenalia, Diuri tended to group together, indicating that OrMV diversification was maintained, in part, by host-driven adaptation. Furthermore, age calculations suggested that the first divergence event of the OrMV isolates analyzed might take place around 1068 BC.
Natural changes in light interact with circadian regulation at promoters to control gene expression in cyanobacteria
Authors: Piechura Joseph Robert , Amarnath Kapil , O'Shea Erin K
Published: December 2017

The circadian clock interacts with other regulatory pathways to tune physiology to predictable daily changes and unexpected environmental fluctuations. However, the complexity of circadian clocks in higher organisms has prevented a clear understanding of how natural environmental conditions affect circadian clocks and their physiological outputs. Here, we dissect the interaction between circadian regulation and responses to fluctuating light in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. We demonstrate that natural changes in light intensity substantially affect the expression of hundreds of circadian-clock-controlled genes, many of which are involved in key steps of metabolism. These changes in expression arise from circadian and light-responsive control of RNA polymerase recruitment to promoters by a network of transcription factors including RpaA and RpaB. Using phenomenological modeling constrained by our data, we reveal simple principles that underlie the small number of stereotyped responses of dusk circadian genes to changes in light.