bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUE IN CRUDE PALM OILS IN SELECTED PALM PLANTATIONS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Sam-Uket Nwuyi O. , Okori Bassey S.
Published: February 2025

Crude palm oil (CPO) is thought to be the most produced and consumed vegetable oil globally. However, when oil palm is grown using pesticides, it may contain OCP residues, which could be hazardous to humans due to their bioaccumulation in the body. For this reason, this study was conducted. Over the course of six months, the processed CPO (n = 18) was gathered once a month from the oil palm plantations owned by JP, Calaro, and Mrs. P. (control). The samples underwent analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to detect the presence of organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs). Dieldrin and endosulphan II residues were found in the CPO from oil palm plantations (Calaro and JP) that were sprayed with pesticides. The CPO from the Calaro plantation had the highest total OCPs (0.23 ng/mL), followed by the CPO from the JP oil palm plantation (0.14 ng/mL). Dieldrin residues from Calaro and JP oil palm plantations were found in CPO, which is unsafe for ingestion by humans, because they exceeded FAO/WHO acceptable limits for pesticides in food. Since dieldrin was the main source of non-carcinogenic contamination for consumers, it had the highest EDI values in CPO from Calaro (1.23 x 10-4 ng/kg/day) and JP oil palm (7.03 x 10-5 ng/kg/day). This indicates that dieldrin has the highest potential to cause serious health problems. Dieldrin’s EDI values in CPO from Calaro and JP oil palm plantations were higher than the RfD value of 0.00005, suggesting a possible risk to health. CPO from Calaro had the highest HR after ingesting dieldrin, suggesting a higher risk of developing cancerous conditions. The government must therefore educate farmers on the best practices for applying pesticides and create laws and policies to regulate the proper use of pesticides on agricultural land in light of the possibility that CPO processed from oil palm that is cultivated with pesticides may be contaminated and that there may be health risks involved.
EFFECT OF HEATING AND FREEZING ON SOME BOTTLED WATER QUALITY IN HAWLER CITY, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ
Authors: Ahmed Tablo Abdulrahim
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of freezing and heating storage on the physicochemical properties (EC, pH, Alkalinity, Hardness, TDS, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, and NO3-2) that make four different types of bottled water (Al-Hayat, Zalal, Sky water, and Masafy) suitable for drinking. The physicochemical parameters of the bottled water measured in this study were compared to the manufacturer’s labeling found on the bottles as well as to the WHO and IBWA standard guideline values. The results indicate, the physicochemical properties of all bottled water samples are within the international guidelines of bottled water and not the same that reported on the bottle label. The results show each of heating exposure and freezing of storing cause changes in all physicochemical properties of water in the plastic bottle.
ENTROPY INDICATORS FOR AN ESTIMATION OF CURRENCY RISKS
Authors: Yatsenko Valeria
Published: February 2025

As the world’s largest by-turnover financial market, foreign exchange market is undoubtedly an open, dynamic system. A wide range of variables influence it, i.e., political and economic factors, global shocks. Simultaneously, currency distress also affects the countries’ financial and real sectors. It determines the crucial importance of maintaining a stable, predictable exchange rate and, in the opposite case, effective currency risk management, requiring proper measurement. Since statistical methods of currency risk assessment do not always guarantee a reliable reflection of potential threats due to the noise in financial time series or irrational agents’ behaviour, it is necessary to search for alternative risk measurement methods. One way is by using tools of the theory of dynamic nonlinear systems, namely entropy indicators, such as Shannon and Renyi. Because of the high economic, or rather trade, openness, besides the hryvnia itself, we investigated currency fluctuations of the leading imported markets for domestic products. The reason is the potential transmission of shocks from these countries to Ukraine via various mechanisms. Counter-intuitively, a high entropy, implying more significant uncertainty, complexity, and unpredictability, simultaneously indicates more mature, efficient, self-organized systems. In contrast, lower entropy values would indicate inefficient markets exposed to shocks and even bifurcations, particularly crises. Moreover, we propose considering entropy as a reliable indicator of risks based on the statistical and economic significance of correlation coefficients with other qualitative characteristics of distributions of exchange rate returns - skewness and kurtosis. The results may help investors and portfolio managers better understand exchange rate dynamics, make effective managerial decisions, and minimize losses from unfavourable volatility.
CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET CYCLES
Authors: Dotsenko Oleksii
Published: February 2025

This article is dedicated to a detailed analysis of market cycles in cryptocurrencies and their impact on investment strategies. The article thoroughly examines various stages of these cycles, their characteristics, and their interconnections with other economic factors. It explores the factors influencing the duration and intensity of these cycles, as well as methods of utilizing them to develop successful investment strategies. The research findings highlight the importance of understanding psychological factors such as FOMO (fear of missing out) and FUD (fear, uncertainty, and doubt), as well as the impact of halving on the cryptocurrency market. Investors who comprehend these aspects and adapt their strategies to the volatile market conditions can achieve success in their investments.

The article also emphasizes the importance of in-depth analysis of market cycles for developing effective investment strategies. Special attention is given to the stages of accumulation, markup, distribution, and markdown in the cryptocurrency market, each of which has its unique characteristics and can be leveraged for profit maximization. The influence of regulatory changes, technical innovations, and global financial events on these cycles is examined. The authors also analyze the interaction of supply and demand, particularly how the reduction in mining rewards (halving) affects cryptocurrency values.

The study shows that understanding market cycles allows investors to better predict market movements and make more informed decisions. Examining the impact of psychological factors on investor decisions is crucial for avoiding unjustified losses and maximizing gains. Additionally, the article considers long-term investment strategies that take into account halving periods, which can lead to significant increases in asset values.

Based on the analysis of cryptocurrency market cycles and the influence of various factors, the work concludes that a deep understanding of these processes is necessary for successful investing. The recommendations provided in the article can be useful for investors looking to develop resilient and effective strategies in the highly volatile cryptocurrency market.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SALES CHANNELS OF BANKING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Authors: Mangushev Dmitro , Shvets Volodymyr , Artomenko Yevheniia
Published: February 2025

The article examines the main stages of the development of digital channels for the sale of banking products and services. In particular, such stages as traditional banking, development of digital channels, multi-channel service and dominance of digital sales channels are highlighted. At the stage of traditional banking, the predominant sales channel for banking products and services are physical bank branches. At the second stage, banks begin to master electronic sales channels, their share in sales increases. At the third stage, banks begin to actively apply and build a balanced model of traditional and alternative sales channels, along with Internet banking, mobile banking is becoming widespread. In the fourth stage, digital sales channels prevail over traditional ones, and only complex banking products are sold in branches. Neobanks are characterized as a business model for banks at the stage of dominance of digital sales channels. The trend is for neobanks to expand into new markets, such as SME lending and investment services, as well as partnerships with traditional financial institutions. Alternative approaches to structuring the stages of development of digital sales channels are considered. The main characteristics of Internet and mobile banking as the main digital sales channels are summarized. It found that banks should continue to improve the value proposition of digital sales channels by focusing on developing the online banking experience, rather than just looking at phasing it out in favor of mobile banking. One of the most common trends in mobile banking is the extraordinary functionality of the application. Mobile banking should not be an additional alternative application with a minimum of functions that complement Internet banking. Rather, it is a full-fledged access channel to all banking products.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMERS: ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES
Authors: Nazarenko Natalia , Krytsun Yelyzaveta
Published: February 2025

This scientific article offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact of social media on consumers in the modern world. By illuminating various aspects of this phenomenon, it explores the relationship between social media activity and consumer practices. The authors focus on the influence of social media on shaping consumer preferences, decision-making processes regarding purchases, and the formation of perceptions about brands and products. The article analyzes various theoretical approaches and concepts related to this topic, encompassing psychological, sociological, and marketing aspects. The research is based on an extensive analysis of current data and scientific literature in this field. The results confirm the significant impact of social media on consumer practices and brand perception, underscoring the importance of studying this issue for modern marketing and business development. The analysis allows for understanding trends in marketing communication and developing strategies for effective use of social media in the contemporary business environment, contributing to the development of innovative approaches to audience interaction.

The study also focuses on the influence of social media on shaping consumer identity and social behavior. It highlights the mechanisms through which social media affect self-perception and one’s place in society, as well as decision-making regarding consumption of goods and services. The authors analyze how social media serve as platforms for shaping social norms and values, which impact consumer practices and interaction with brands.

Additionally, the article thoroughly examines the tools and methods of marketing communication in social media. The authors analyze the effectiveness of various strategies for promoting goods and services through social media, including the creation of video content, advertising campaigns, and interaction with influential personalities and brand ambassadors. Significant attention is paid to analyzing the effectiveness of targeted advertising on social media.

The results of the study reveal the issues of consumer interaction with social networks, which will help businesses to use this communication channel to promote their goods and services. Considering the rapid development of digital technologies and the growing influence of social networks on society, further investigation in this area is crucial for the development of effective marketing strategies and the support of successful commercial activities of enterprises.
PROMOTION OF PRODUCTS IN THE COURSE OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Rozhko Viktor , Haraiev Elvin
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this article is to study and reveal the essence of the methods of effective internationalization of products; to study the key nuances of international marketing; to consider modern distribution channels and ways of using digital technologies to promote products internationally.

The article examines the role of marketing in the context of modern progressive development of economic conditions, and also studies scientific and Internet sources on the basis of which the author researched the history of the concepts of marketing and marketing mix, and the importance of constant correlation between the company's goals and the requirements and needs of product consumers in today's conditions. The author also considers the elements of the marketing mix, determines the importance of Internet marketing in the present day, and studies in detail the tools for Internet marketing. The stages of creating an effective system for managing the marketing activities of an enterprise in case of its entry into the international market are outlined, the main organizational structures for organizing the management of the company's marketing activities are allocated. The favorable reasons for entering the international market are highlighted, the details that should be taken into account when planning the entry of an enterprise into the international market are indicated. The author also identifies the results that an enterprise will receive by entering the international market.

Effective marketing activities for any company are a direct way to achieve its goals. Creating an effective system for managing international marketing activities is a difficult task, but a properly designed and implemented system can be a key factor in the success of an enterprise in the international market.
Assessment of the effectiveness of credit rating techniques on loan repayment amidst prevailing economic challenges in Malawi: A case study of the mangochi NEEF branch
Authors: Nancy Belinda Basikolo , Hastings Kumwenda
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to determine if the credit rating methods used by the National Economic Empowerment Fund (NEEF) can assist Malawians in repaying loans during economic hardships. This paper examines the role of NEEF in national economic growth, analyzes its credit rating techniques, evaluates staff capabilities, identifies issues, and offers solutions. Motivated by concerns over inaccurate credit assessments leading to loan write-offs, this study emphasizes the impact of credit rating on economic decline. NEEF was formed in 2014, replacing MEDF and MARDEF, with the objectives of supporting MSMEs for economic growth, reducing unemployment, improving access to finance, and alleviating poverty. Economic downturns increase the risk of loan defaults, highlighting the need to assess NEEF's credit rating strategies during recessions. Stakeholders seek insights for promoting financial stability and responsible lending. Using a mixed-methods design and simple random sampling, 36 participants were studied through both primary and secondary data sources. The findings indicate that customer creditworthiness affects loan repayment, but current assessment methods are flawed. This study recommends enhanced staff training and the adoption of advanced technologies for credit assessments.
The effectiveness of GeoGebra assisted learning on students' mathematical representation: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Ryan Angga Pratama , Sedat Kanadli
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of GeoGebra-assisted learning on students' mathematical representation through a meta-analysis study and possible moderator variables to moderate it. Experimental studies were obtained from Google Scholar and ERIC databases and then included in this meta-analysis study were 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The effect sizes were combined according to the Random Effects Model (REM). Based on the calculation using CMA v3 and R Studio (Meta Package), the overall effect size was calculated as 1.144,95% [.890, 1.397]. Furthermore, the application of GeoGebra-assisted learning to improve students' mathematical representation ability is also influenced by students' demographics (Sumatra Island) (Q = 7.874 > χ2, p < .05). However, the application of GeoGebra-assisted learning to improve students' mathematical representation skills was not influenced by variables such as experimental design (Q = .306 < χ2, p > .05), independent variables (Q = 1.438 < χ2, p > .05), publication type (Q = .674 < χ2, p > .05), education level (Q = 1.619 < χ2, p > .05), subject matter (Q = 3.330 < χ2, p > .05), meeting duration (Q = .25 < χ2, p > .05), and sample size (Q = .53 < χ2, p > .05). Based on these results, it can be said that GeoGebra-assisted learning has a strong positive effect on students' mathematical representation when compared to learning without GeoGebra (conventional).
Turkish EFL teachers' perceptions of their pedagogical digital competence in an EFL setting
Authors: Duygu Alaçam Dehneliler
Published: February 2025

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) require digitally competent teachers in all subject areas, including English language teaching. English language teachers must be digitally competent for learner guidance and engagement. This study examined 220 Turkish EFL teachers' level of 21st-century digital competence and how they perceived their digital competence in classroom settings. It also sought to reveal the correlation between their digital teaching confidence, years of teaching experience, and the self-perceptions of their digital competence using the DigCompEdu CheckIn scale. The findings indicated most Turkish EFL teachers perceived themselves as digital experts (B2) in the classroom setting. The competencies with the highest mean scores were using different digital communication channels, selecting digital resources, teaching digital technologies, and practicing reflectively. The lowest scores of the teachers were for empowering learners by facilitating differentiation and personalization, information and media literacy, having digital assessment strategies, and utilizing digital technologies to enhance self- regulated learning. The results also revealed a correlation between their digital teaching confidence, years of teaching experience, and the self-perception of their digital competence and concluded with pedagogical implications and limitations.
Kernel ideals in semigroups
Authors: Sujatha G. , Ch. Santhi Sundar Raj , Swamy U. M.
Published: February 2025

The concepts of *-ideals, strong ideals, *-congruences and kernel ideals are introduced in a pseudo-complemented semigroup and discussed certain properties of these. Some equivalent conditions for an ideal of a pseudocomplemented semigroup to become a kernel ideal are obtained. The lattice structure of strong ideals is discussed.
Socioeconomic effects of village loan savings initiatives on empowering rural communities - Case study of the impact of VLS porogram in T/A Chimwala, Malawi
Authors: Priscilla Kika , Hastings Kumwenda
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the socioeconomic effects of Village Loan Savings Initiatives (VLSA) on rural communities in T/A Chimwala, Malawi. VLSAs are self-managed groups that facilitate savings and small loans to tackle socioeconomic issues. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, including structured questionnaires and interviews, the study found that VLSAs positively impacted rural households by boosting income, financial stability, and access to education, healthcare, and entrepreneurial opportunities. Despite these benefits, challenges such as high loan interest rates, limited loan amounts, and occasional discrimination in loan distribution were noted. Recommendations include lowering interest rates, offering entrepreneurial training, and enhancing financial service access to improve VLSA effectiveness. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and rural development practitioners.
Development of a model for detecting emotions using CNN and LSTM
Authors: Manish Goswami , Aditya Parate , Nisarga Kapde , Shashwat Singh , Nitiksha Gupta , Meena Surjuse
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the development of a real-time deep learning system for emotion recognition using both speech and facial inputs. For speech emotion recognition, three significant datasets: SAVEE, Toronto Emotion Speech Set (TESS), and CREMA-D were utilized, comprising over 75,000 samples that represent a spectrum of emotions: Anger, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, Calm, Happiness, Neutral, and Surprise, mapped to numerical labels from 1 to 8. The system identifies emotions from live speech inputs and pre-recorded audio files using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, which is particularly effective for sequential data. The LSTM model, trained on the RAVDEES dataset (7,356 audio files), achieved a training accuracy of 83%. For facial emotion recognition, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture was employed, using datasets such as FER2013, CK+, AffectNet, and JAFFE. FER2013 includes over 35,000 labeled images representing seven key emotions, while CK+ provides 593 video sequences for precise emotion classification. By integrating LSTM for speech and CNN for facial emotion recognition, the system shows robust capabilities in identifying and classifying emotions across modalities, enabling comprehensive real-time emotion recognition.
The Implementation of Blended Learning in Teaching Reading Comprehension at the Senior High School
Authors: Harianti Wiki , Amumpuni Rengganis Siwi , Kurniawan Arri
Published: February 2025

Reading is an important activity for obtaining information. This research tries to investigate the use of blended learning in teaching reading, and the purpose is to describe: the implementation of Blended Learning in teaching reading comprehension, the outcome of using Blended Learning in teaching reading toward the student’s mastery of reading, and the advantages and disadvantages of Blended Learning in teaching reading comprehension. This research employed a qualitative research approach to describe data. This research used a descriptive qualitative type of research. The data collection was done by using observation, interviews, and documentation. The source of data were social situations, participants, and documents, and to take the data uses, purposive sampling. The sample is XC. In addition, the steps of analysis in research are data reduction, data display, and conclusion and verification. The result of this research is there are three procedures of using blended learning: pre-activity, whilst activity, and post-activity. The outcome of implementing blended learning is the student’s achievement better. The advantages are: the students can access the internet to get more information, are more accessible to answer the exercise and translate the reading, be more accessible r to understand the text, and it is more practical and effective. The disadvantages are the internet signal, power outages, the ability to operate the computer application, facility of the computer itself. In addition, there is a suggestion for future research. The researcher invites the other researchers to do another study on blended learning.Keywords: teaching; reading; blended learning
Error Analysis in Short Dialogue Using Future Tense
Authors: Putri Erito Silvia Nanda
Published: February 2025

Error analysis plays an important role in investigating errors in the acquisition of a second or foreign language. This error analysis is part of the investigation into the process of learning English. The research aimed of this study is to analyze the types of errors made by the students of SMAN 2 Semarang on writing future tense sentences in a short dialogue. In this research, the researchers will discuss the types of interlingual errors. Qualitative descriptive methods used to find the types of errors that made by the students. The data was gathered through written task in the form of students’ writing short dialogue in  English using future tense. The Findings showed that the researchers found a non-contrastive analysis which was divided into 4 such as, over-generalization, ignorance of rules restrictions, incomplete application of rules, and hypothesized false concepts. As a result of student work, based on the frequency of each aspect of error the highest level error found is hypothesized false concepts. So that students still do not fully understand the topic and context discussed in the future tense sentence. Therefore, students must continue to learn to understand the rules of sentence structure and the teacher also develops more teaching methods so that students can easily understand the material.
Learners’ Fillers in English
Authors: Arrasul Abdul Rabbi , Mangendre Yuliana , Akbar T.A Famelanisa , Hardianti Sitti
Published: February 2025

This study aims to find out the type of fillers and factor influenced fillers in English Education Study Program. This research is a qualitative research with in-depth interview design. This data collection involved 7 learners from the 4th semester and 6th semester of English Education Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of Luwuk. This research applied the theory from Rose (1998), Oomen and Postman (2021) in finding the data. The result of this research indicates the learners of English Education Study Program in 4th semester mostly use unlexicalized fillers and the 6th semester mostly use lexicalized fillers. There some factor influenced learners in using fillers are nervousness, divided Attention, infrequent. The dominant factor is nervousness. In this research, the input is suggested for learners, to the department of English Education Study Program and to further researchers to find out more about fillers and factor influenced fillers happened.
An Analysis of Figurative Language on Online English Memes
Authors: Prasetiawan Andika , Anindita Widyashanti Kunthara
Published: February 2025

The phenomenon of memes has been quite popular among internet users in recent years. Various types of memes have become a new culture for the audience on the internet. This research will analyze the figurative language that is often used by meme creators and the reasonS. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data in this study are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in Online English Memes. The sampling technique is purposive sampling technique. The data documentation technique is to search for Online English Memes on several provider sites on the internet (Reddit, 9GAG, Facebook). Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The researcher used data triangulation to validate the data based on sources, methods, researcher, and theory. The research findings show figurative language that there were 23 data include words phrases, clauses, and sentences in 11 different types. The types with the highest number of occurrences are Alliteration, Hyperbole, Irony, and Metonymy, with 3 data. Meanwhile, the types with the lowest number of occurrences are Allusion, Metaphor, and Repetition, with 1 data. Personification, Sarcasm, Simile, and Symbol have 2 data. The reasons for using figurative language in memes are to create humour, to express emotions, to convey ideas, and to grab attention.
The Effectiveness of Using Educaplay-Based Teaching Media for Teaching Vocabulary of The Tenth Grade StudentsiIn SMA 2 Bae
Authors: Ayuningrum Devina
Published: February 2025

In learning English, vocabulary is important because it helps students easier to convey what they want to say. The more vocabularies the students master, the easier  to learn English. In this case, there are still many students who lack of vocabulary mastery. This research aims to find out whether the use of Educaplay-Based Teaching is effective for teaching vocabulary to tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Bae Kudus in academic year 2023/2024. Media is a tool in teaching and learning. Teaching by using media is needed in teaching learning processes to help students become active. Media have important roles in teaching-learning process. The use of media can help teacher and students to achieve the aims of teaching and learning.In this research, researcher used quantitative methods, and the design of this research was pre-experimental. The population in this research amounted to 360 students, with 36 students as samples in this study who came from classes X-E10. Researchers used oral tests in conducting this research.Based on the results of the study, the average score students before being taught using Educaplay was 57.91, and the average score of students after being taught using Educaplay was 76.94. The t value of this research is 14.31 with 35 degrees of freedom, and the t-table obtained with α = 0.05 was 1.689. So, it can be seen that 14,31 > 1,689. It means that the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. It can be said that the use of Educaplay-Based Teaching is effective for teaching vocabulary to tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Bae Kudus in academic year 2023/2024. Keywords: Speaking Skill, Educaplay, Teaching Vocabulary
ENHANCING STUDENTS' SPEAKING FLUENCY THROUGH CONVERSATION PRACTICE: STUDENTS' VOICES
Authors: Wati Dahlia , Kurniawan Deni Endra , Nur Fadillah Maratu Sholikhah , Ifadah Muhimatul , Semilla J-Roel B
Published: February 2025

Speaking fluency is a very important skill that must be mastered. Students' fluency in speaking can help them develop courage and confidence in interacting well with other people using English. This research aims to identify things that influence students' enthusiasm in conversation practice to improve their speaking proficiency. This research method is descriptive qualitative, using data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires to respondents to answer. The subjects of this research were second-semester students majoring in English education at Muhammadiyah University, Semarang. The results show that factors such as an interesting classroom atmosphere using practical practices that make the material interesting can increase students' enthusiasm in improving their speaking skills. This research provides important knowledge to create the development of more effective learning methods.
SLA DEVELOPMENT ON CHILD'S PRAGMATICS DEVICES THROUGH MOM THEO’S TIKTOK
Authors: Susanto Dias Andris
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the development of pragmatic language in young children exposed to digital content, particularly through the TikTok platform. The primary focus of this research is on children who are bilingual in Indonesian and English, and how they adjust their language use in different social contexts. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, involving the observation of TikTok videos and document analysis of verbal interactions on the platform. The two TikTok channels studied are Omar & Mom Official and Mom Theo, where both children, Omar and Theo, engage in bilingual communication in the context of language learning through social media. The results show that these children begin to understand and adjust their language use depending on the audience and communication situation. Their pragmatic language use demonstrates the development of the ability to adapt to broader social contexts. The exposure to digital content, which is mostly monologic, also limits their social interaction, reducing opportunities to practice pragmatic language in more dynamic contexts. Furthermore, the role of the family environment in language learning is crucial, with parents actively engaged in daily communication and supporting their children's language development. This research provides insights into how social media can influence the development of children's pragmatic language, highlighting the importance of balancing digital interactions with real-life social experiences.
Criterio selectivo, simultaneidad y escala en la nueva historiografía naval chilena, 1960-2022
Authors: Thienel Kattan Gert
Published: February 2025

ResumenLa historia naval es una corriente derivada de los estudios de la historia militar, y esta a su vez se relaciona directamente con la historia política, al desarrollarse principalmente en el análisis de las grandes batallas, composición de fuerzas y líderes o estrategas que en ellas combatieron, especialmente desde la perspectiva del vencedor. Los historiadores que han estudiado la historia naval de Chile han centrado su problemática, generalmente, en dar a conocer los principales acontecimientos navales en los cuales la Armada ha participado, la Guerra de la Independencia, la Guerra contra España y la Guerra del Pacífico. John Lewis Gaddis establece en su libro The Landscape of History. How Historians Map the Past tres capacidades que deben tener y aplicar los historiadores: criterio selectivo, simultaneidad y escala. El presente trabajo estudia la aplicación de estas capacidades en la historiografía naval de Chile, con el objeto de comprender la forma en la cual se ha abordado esta entre los años 1960 y 2022, para así establecer posibles campos que permitan ampliarla hacia nuevos enfoques, metodologías y problemáticas.Palabras claveCriterio selectivo, simultaneidad, escala, historia naval de Chile
Features of the mental state of internally displaced persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Grynevych Yevheniia
Published: February 2025

Relevance. Combat actions and the impact of their immediate threat are currently a significant factor in the deterioration of mental health for citizens of Ukraine. Under the constant influence of stress factors, not only new mental illnesses develop, but also exacerbation and aggravation of already existing mental disorders arise. Deterioration of the mental health of internally displaced persons with OCD can lead to their complete disability, and therefore monitoring the mental state of such patients in conditions of combat actions is critically necessary.

Aims. The purpose of the study was to establish the features of the mental state of internally displaced persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Materials and methods. 48 patients with a diagnosis of OCD who were internally displaced persons and 50 people with a diagnosis of OCD who were not internally displaced persons were examined. Manifestations of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The level of severity of obsessions and compulsions was determined using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The level of quality of life was determined using the Quality of Life Assessment Scale (CQLS) (Chaban O.S., 2017).

Results. As a result of the study of the mental state of patients with OCD, it was found that the intensity of symptoms of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, and therefore the severity of the course of OCD in both groups, was moderate and did not have statistically significant differences. However, it was found that in the group of internally displaced persons with OCD, a significantly higher level of anxiety and depressive symptoms was observed, as well as a significantly lower level of quality of life. This suggests that although the internal displacement does not lead to a deterioration in the course of OCD due to an increase in the intensity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the mental state of such patients deteriorates due to a pronounced impregnation with anxiety and depressive symptoms, which leads to a significant decrease in their quality of life.
Stability Analysis of Optimized PMU Placement using Hybrid and Individual TLBO-PSO Techniques
Authors: Meena Santosh Kumari Meena , Akhil Ranjan Garg
Published: February 2025

In power system to optimized PMUs is a critical task to ensure maximum network observability while minimizing installation costs. This study presents a comparative analysis of three optimization techniques: Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and a hybrid TLBO-PSO approach, focusing on their efficiency in determining the best PMU placements. Individual methods, such as TLBO and PSO, are often limited by longer computation times and the requirement for a higher number of PMUs to achieve full observability. In contrast, the hybrid TLBO-PSO method demonstrates significant improvements, consistently delivering solutions with fewer PMUs, faster computation times, and higher placement accuracy. By evaluating performance of these techniques on IEEE 14bus, 30bus and 57 bus systems through simulations conducted over 100 iterations for each method in every test case. The results highlight the hybrid approach's superior efficiency compared to individual methods. Furthermore, comparisons with prior research confirm that the hybrid TLBO-PSO approach is a robust and reliable solution for minimizing PMU installations while ensuring complete system observability.
Conceptual Diagrams Help Dietetic Students to Understand and Apply the Nutrition Care Process
Authors: Jamieson Janica , Kovacic Bojana , Lyons-Wall Philippa , O'Sullivan Therese
Published: February 2025

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a conceptual diagram assessment task on dietetic student knowledge of and confidence applying the Nutrition Care Process. Methods: Situated within a pragmatic research paradigm, this mixed methods study applied a survey administered before and after a conceptual diagram assessment task using the Nutrition Care Process to explore changes in student knowledge, self-reported confidence, perceptions towards the Nutrition Care Process, and student experience. Nineteen students enrolled in a first-semester unit within a Master level dietetic course completed the assessment task, which visually presented a client case sourced from the student-run clinic within the Nutrition Care Process framework, as an adjunct to traditional teaching. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test determined changes in knowledge and the McNemar test determined changes in self-reported confidence and perspective. Open-ended responses were thematically analyzed. Results:Knowledge scores (maximum of 10) significantly increased following participation in the assessment task (before 5.63 ± 1.67, after 8.36 ± 1.16, P Conclusions: Using conceptual diagrams alongside client cases is a novel and effective education tool to help dietetic students understand and apply the Nutrition Care Process as part of a system of assessment.
Counseling-based child-friendly school support to enhance teacher knowledge and understanding
Authors: Laili Nurfi , Affandi Ghozali Rusyid , Hasanah Fitria Nur
Published: February 2025

This paper describes the implementation of counseling procedures and the process of identifying problems among elementary school students. Counseling conducted by classroom teachers serves as one of the strategies to address common issues in schools that partner with community service programs. This study applies the community service method, utilizing training and role-playing techniques. The aim of this training is to enhance teachers' empathy and active listening skills, enabling them to identify student problems and conduct basic counseling procedures effectively. Introducing and practicing counseling techniques represents a tangible step in preparing competent human resources to assist students in resolving both academic and non-academic challenges. This paper highlights the importance of a counseling approach for classroom teachers, emphasizing its role in fostering closer relationships with students and supporting them in finding solutions to their problems. The outcomes of this community service initiative include improved knowledge and understanding among teachers regarding the concepts and practical applications of counseling for students and their parents.
Integrated marketing communication strategy using Quadruple Helix Approach to increase tourism visits to Mount Bromo
Authors: Saptaria Lina , Kurniasari Iin , Buniarto Edwin Agus , Mala Iva Khoiril , Syamsudin Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Integrated marketing communications is an important strategy in customer relationship management. In the context of digital marketing, Human Resources (HR) competency in management strategy will influence marketing performance. The decline in bookings for tour packages to Mount Bromo through Manjah Tour & Travel is due to the lack of effective communication strategies implemented. This community service activity (PKM) aims to implement IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication) with the QH (Quadruple Helix) approach as an effort to increase the number of bookings for tour packages to Mount Bromo. The method for implementing PKM (Community Service) activities is digital marketing training and assistance and increasing human resource capacity. The results of PKM activities show the achievement of optimizing the integrated use of Manjah Tour & Travel's website and social media. There was an increase in the number of tour package orders to Mount Bromo within 2 months after the implementation of the activity, where previously it was 4-6 packages to 15-20 packages per week. This training activity had an impact on increasing the strategic ability of partner management in implementing IMC with the QH approach, which previously had a value of 62 percent but then increased to 88 percent. This model can provide valuable insight in implementing IMC strategies in service businesses.
Cadre school-based elderly health assistance and screening for the prevention of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Kusrinanti Nabillah Ainun , Setyaningtyas Padma Fitriana , Hepni Hafiz Adhitama , Adiba Thoriq Naufal , Saputri Ginanjar Zukhruf , Supadmi Woro , Abusri Mila
Published: February 2025

Purwosari Village has a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (diabetes mellitus and hypertension). Health cadres in Purwosari Village have been formed, however they are still not optimal, especially the knowledge and skills of cadres in preventing non-communicable diseases for the elderly. This service activity aims to increase the capacity of Purwosari Village “Posyandu” cadres regarding NCDs to improve the quality of life of the elderly in the surrounding area.  The activity was carried out through a cadre school program with a lecture method for 2 offline sessions and continued with simulation for elderly posyandu cadres at the Purwosari Village, Kulonprogo. The activity is in partnership with Purwosari Village health cadres, the Girimulyo Public Health Promotion Team, and the Nasyiatul Aisyiyah Community of Kulonprogo. The activity was attended by a total of 67 cadres and 50 elderly posyandu cadres and 29 elderly people. The results of the activity showed an increase in the knowledge of cadres after education about non-communicable diseases prevention. The majority of cadres can understand the procedures for using and interpreting screening results. The elderly cadre school activities are effective in increasing the knowledge capacity regarding the prevention and monitoring of non-communicable diseases.
Management of fishery waste into liquid organic fertilizer in Hamadi Jayapura
Authors: Manalu Janviter , Haryati Kristina , Manalu Khristhoper Aris Arianto
Published: February 2025

Fishery waste is a problem that is very disturbing to the community because it causes strong odors, dirty views, and reduces water quality. Apart from having a negative impact, fishery waste still contains components needed for plant growth, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Therefore, it is essential to conduct community service activities for POKBAKER that involve the conversion of fishery waste into liquid organic fertilizer (POC). The aim of carrying out service activities is to provide understanding to participants through lectures and practical activities in making fertilizer from fisheries. The implementation methods expressed are three, namely pre-preparation, socialization activities (pre-test, lecture, post-test), and practical activities. The materials used in practical activities are fishery waste (gills and offal), EM4, molasses, and rice washing water. The results show that the percentage of answers to the six pre-test questions given ranges from 53-100 percent, while the percentage of the eight post-test questions given ranges from 93-100 percent. So, the conclusion is that this activity can increase the knowledge and understanding of the Fishery Waste Processing Group (POKBAPER) from 53 percent to 90 percent. Participants have the ability to plant liquid organic fertilizer from fishery waste.
Fermentation method for vegetable waste into liquid organic fertilizer in Malangsuko Village
Authors: Juwita Ratna , Karury Anindyah Sutra , Firdaus Muhammad , Fitriyah Nikmatul , Nuraini Meutya , Manggara Algafari Bakti
Published: February 2025

Malangsuko Village is one of the villages that produces quite a lot of horticultural crops such as vegetables. However, with this potential, Malangsuko village faces challenges in the use of inorganic fertilizers and the lack of organic waste management, especially vegetable waste which can pollute the environment. Seeing the existing potential and as a solution to these problems, the need for organic fertilizer can be made by utilizing vegetable waste in Malangsuko village. This activity aims to process organic waste from vegetable waste into liquid organic fertilizer (POC). The method of implementing this community service is carried out by training and mentoring the processing of organic waste into liquid organic fertilizer using the fermentation method. The results of the training and mentoring were an increase in partner skills, namely PKK women in Malangsuko village, making POC by 55%. The potential for processing organic waste in the form of vegetable waste into POC that partners can produce is two sacks of vegetable waste per day (± 50 Kg), so the amount of POC that partners can produce is 250 L per day.
Optimizing the empowerment of rural agricultural communities in creating healthy agricultural villages based on agronursing
Authors: Yunanto Rismawan Adi , Salsabila Aura Najwa , Maysaroh Salma , Toni Arya Adib , Rohmawati Ninna , Bumi Candra
Published: February 2025

Heart disease is a leading cause of death globally, including in Indonesia, with an increasing prevalence in rural farming communities. Risk factors such as pesticide use, unhealthy diets, and poor lifestyles contribute to the high incidence of this disease. Communities in Bondowoso, East Java, especially farmers, need educational and training interventions to improve their knowledge and skills in preventing and treating heart disease. This program aims to improve the knowledge and skills of rural farming communities in the prevention, treatment, and early management of heart disease, including Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) skills. The program is carried out through education on hypertension, heart disease, and heart diet, followed by practical training on CPR using audiovisual media and live demonstrations. The evaluation was carried out with a pretest and posttest to measure the increase in knowledge, as well as an assessment of practical skills. The results obtained were a significant increase in community knowledge measured from the results of the pretest and posttest, indicating the effectiveness of the education method. Community CPR skills also increased significantly after training and practical assessment. This program has succeeded in improving the knowledge and skills of rural farming communities in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, as well as CPR skills, which contribute to the long-term health of the community.