bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Pyridopyrimidinones: Oxidation of 2‐Hydroxypyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4(H)‐one.
Authors: Abass Mohamed , Mayas Aisha S.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzoindolizine Derivatives by Reaction of Triemthyl Phosphite, Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates and Isoquinolinium or Quinolinium Bromides.
Authors: Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Charkhati Khadije , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazoles, Imidazoles, Pyrimidines, Quinazolines, 1,3,5‐Triazines, and 1,3‐Thiazines from 3‐Oxo‐5,6‐diphenyl‐2,3‐dihydropyridazine‐4‐carbonyl Isothiocyanate (I).
Authors: Hemdan Magdy M. , Elshahawi Manal M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones via HATU‐Mediated Coupling of 4‐Hydroxyquinazolines with Amines.
Authors: Xiao Zili , Yang Michael G. , Li Peng , Carter Percy H.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of N1‐(Substituted)‐pyrimido [5,4‐e]‐1,2,4‐triazine‐5,7(1H,6H)‐diones.
Authors: Turbiak Anjanette J. , Showalter H. D. Hollis
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 3‐Cyano‐N‐ethoxycarbonyl‐iminocoumarin with Hydrazides as N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Kammoun Myriam , Turki Hamida , El Gharbi Rachid , Fery‐Forgues Suzanne
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Approach to the Synthesis of New Fused 3‐Aryl‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐thieno[2,1‐f][1,2]thiazine 1‐Oxide System.
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Vezzosi Renata P. , Drekener Roberta L. , Zanatta Nilo , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterocycles from Tetrazines and Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Chavez David E. , Parrish Damon A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 1‐Benzazepin‐2‐ones via Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Hoyt Scott B. , London Clare , Park Min
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Secondary Phosphine Oxides and H‐Phosphinates with [Di(acyloxy)iodo]benzenes to Phosphinic and Phosphonic Amides.
Authors: Hubacz Anna , Makowiec Slawomir
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Primary 1‐Aminophosphonates: Coupling Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds, Hexamethyldisilazane, and Diethyl Phosphite Catalyzed by Al(OTf)3.
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Tashrifi Zahra
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Some Novel Tetrakisazo Disperse Dyes Bearing Twenty‐Membered Macrocyclic Poly(azomethine).
Authors: Lagvilava Irma , Matitaishvili Tea , Iardalashvili Ia , Elizbarashvili Elizbar
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodamine Derivative Bearing Histidine Binding Site as a Fluorescent Chemosensor for Hg2+.
Authors: Kwon Soo Kyung , Kim Ha Na , Rho Jeong Hwa , Swamy K. M. K. , Shanthakumar S. M. , Yoon Juyoung
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oryzamutaic Acid A, a Novel Yellow Pigment from an Oryza sativa Mutant with Yellow Endosperm.
Authors: Nakano Hiroshi , Kosemura Seiji , Suzuki Toshisada , Hirose Katsutoshi , Kaji Ryota , Sakai Makoto
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐O‐Sulfo‐triterpenoid Saponins (I) from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend.
Authors: Krasteva Ilina , Jenett‐Siems Kristina , Kaloga Maki , Nikolov Stefan
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Neovibsanin B (I).
Authors: Imagawa Hiroshi , Saijo Hayato , Kurisaki Takahiro , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Kubo Miwa , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu , Nishizawa Mugio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Rearrangement of Hecogenin Derivatives into C‐nor‐D‐homo Steroids.
Authors: Zhou Huan , Yue Pei , Ruan Hanli , Zhang Yonghui , Pi Huifang , Zhang Peng , Wu Jizhou
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunicyclin A (I), the First Plant Tricyclic Ring Cycloheptapeptide from Psammosilene tunicoides
Authors: Tian Jun‐Mian , Shen Yun‐Heng , Yang Xian‐Wen , Liang Shuang , Tang Jian , Shan Lei , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Glycosylation Using Ionic Liquid to Prepare Alkyl Glycosides for Studying Carbohydrate—Protein Interactions by SPR.
Authors: Munoz F. Javier , Andre Sabine , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Sinisterra Jose V. , Hernaiz Maria J. , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Agelastatin A (I), a Potent Inhibitor of Osteopontin‐Mediated Neoplastic Transformations.
Authors: Dickson David P. , Wardrop Duncan J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of the Whole Series of the Antiostatins A and B.
Authors: Knott Kerstin E. , Auschill Stefan , Jaeger Anne , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Acyclic Nucleosides Analogues as Potential Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Derived from Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines.
Authors: El‐Gazzar A. B. A. , Hafez H. N. , Nawwar G. A. M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Second‐Generation Synthesis of the Signature Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Core of (+)‐Sorangicin A and Elaboration of the (Z,Z,E)‐Triene Acid System.
Authors: Smith Amos B. III , Dong Shuzhi
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: De novo Asymmetric Synthesis of Cladospolide B—D: Structural Reassignment of Cladospolide D via the Synthesis of Its Enantiomer
Authors: Xing Yalan , O'Doherty George A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formosalides A and B, Cytotoxic 17‐Membered Ring Macrolides from a Marine Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum sp.
Authors: Lu Chung‐Kuang , Chen Yi‐Min , Wang Siang‐Hang , Wu Ying‐Yan , Cheng Ying‐Min
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboranyl C‐σ‐Bonded and C‐Functionalized Carboranes as Ligands in Gold and Silver Chemistry
Authors: Crespo Olga , Gimeno M. Concepcion , Laguna Antonio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Sulfoxides
Authors: Kagan Henri B.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions of α‐Sulfonyl Carbanions
Authors: Gais Hans‐Joachim
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminolithiation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds as a Powerful Tool in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Tomioka Kiyoshi , Sakai Takeo , Ogata Tokutaro , Yamamoto Yasutomo
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Peptide Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhao Xiubo , Pan Fang , Lu Jian R.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Fluorinated 1,3‐Oxazoles, 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles, and Oxazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Brovarets V. S. , Mityukhin O. P. , Golovchenko A. V. , Drach B. S.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Fluorinated Nicotinonitriles
Authors: Shestopalov Anatoliy M. , Rodinovskaya Lyudmila A. , Shestopalov Alexander A. , Gromova Anna V. , Fedorov Aleksander E. , Gakh Andrei A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Heterocycles
Authors: Gakh Andrei A. , Kirk Kenneth L.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazolopyrimidines: Old Molecules, New Targets
Authors: Schenone Silvia , Radi Marco , Botta Maurizio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoline Functionalization by Deprotonative Metalation
Authors: L'Helgoual'ch Jean‐Martial , Chevallier Floris , Mongin Florence
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of 2‐Thienylpyrroles: Synthesis, Reactivity and Applications
Authors: Raposo M. Manuela M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fluorinated Pyrazole and Uracil Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Fustero Santos , Sanz‐Cervera Juan F. , Simon‐Fuentes Antonio , Roman Raquel , Catalan Silvia , Murguia Marcelo
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Organic Synthesis Through Generation and Reactivity Control of Hypercoordinate Metal Species
Authors: Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Supramolecular Catalysis
Authors: Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Feiters Martinus C. , Rowan Alan E. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deracemization and Enantioconvergent Processes
Authors: Turner Nicholas J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Biocatalytic Processes
Authors: Rao Nagaraj N. , Luetz Stephan , Wuerges Kerstin , Minoer Daniel
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coherent Multidimensional Optical Probes for Electron Correlations and Exciton Dynamics: From NMR to X‐Rays
Authors: Mukamel Shaul , Abramavicius Darius , Yang Lijun , Zhuang Wei , Schweigert Igor V. , Voronne Dmitri V.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Relay Race in Peptides
Authors: Giese Bernd , Wang Min , Gao Jian , Stoltz Moritz , Mueller Pavel , Graber Michael
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Engineering of Nanoporous Architectures and Chiral Porphyrin Assemblies
Authors: Goldberg Israel
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule Imaging and Quantification of mRNAs in a Living Cell
Authors: Funatsu Takashi
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An enhanced formulation of error bound in subspace iteration method
Authors: Chen Pu , Gong Yucai , Chen Yongqiang , Kulasegaram Sivakumar
Published: July 2009

In subspace iteration method (SIM), the relative difference of approximated eigenvalues between two consecutive iterations is usually employed as the convergence criterion. However, though it controls the convergence of eigenvalues well, it cannot guarantee the convergence of eigenvectors in all cases. In the case when there is no shifting, the best choice for the convergence criterion of eigenvalues may generally be the computable error bound proposed by Matthies, which is based on an estimation of Rayleigh quotient of approximated eigenvalues expressed in the subspace. Matthies' form guarantees the convergence of both eigenvalues and eigenvectors and can be computed with almost negligible operations. However, it is not as popular as expected in implementations, partly because it does not consider the popular shifting acceleration technique of subspace iterations. In this paper, we extend Matthies' form to the case of nonzero shifting and prove that this extended error bound form with nonzero shifting can be used generally as a convergence criterion for eigenpairs. Besides, this paper details the derivation to illustrate that the extended error bound can also be applied to the case of positive semi‐definite mass matrix by only slightly modifying the subspace iteration procedure. Numerical tests are presented to illustrate the motivation and to demonstrate the better performance of the modified computable error bound. The studies in this paper indicate that the modified Matthies' form of error bound can be effectively used as a preferred convergence criterion in the SIM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel time computation model based on algorithm complexity for data intensive scientific workflow design and scheduling
Authors: He Jing , Zhang Yanchun , Huang Guangyan , Pang Chaoyi
Published: July 2009

Scientific workflow offers a framework for cooperation between remote and shared resources on a grid computing environment (GCE) for scientific discovery. One major function of scientific workflow is to schedule a collection of computational subtasks in well‐defined orders for efficient outputs by estimating task duration at runtime. In this paper, we propose a novel time computation model based on algorithm complexity (termed as TCMAC model) for high‐level data intensive scientific workflow design. The proposed model schedules the subtasks based on their durations and the complexities of participant algorithms. Characterized by utilization of task duration computation function for time efficiency, the TCMAC model has three features for a full‐aspect scientific workflow including both dataflow and control‐flow: (1) provides flexible and reusable task duration functions in GCE; (2) facilitates better parallelism in iteration structures for providing more precise task durations; and (3) accommodates dynamic task durations for rescheduling in selective structures of control flow. We will also present theories and examples in scientific workflows to show the efficiency of the TCMAC model, especially for control‐flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking workflow discovery: a case study from bioinformatics
Authors: Goderis Antoon , Fisher Paul , Gibson Andrew , Tanoh Franck , Wolstencroft Katy , De Roure David , Goble Carole
Published: July 2009

Automation in science is increasingly marked by the use of workflow technology. Thesharingof workflows through repositories supports the verifiability, reproducibility and extensibility of computational experiments. However, the subsequentdiscoveryof workflows remains a challenge, both from a sociological and technological viewpoint. Based on a survey with participants from 19 laboratories, we investigate the current practices in workflow sharing, re‐use and discovery among life scientists chiefly using the Taverna workflow management system. To address their perceived lack of effective workflow discovery tools, we go on to develop benchmarks for the evaluation of discovery tools, drawing on a series of practical exercises. We demonstrate the value of the benchmarks on two tools: one using graph matching and the other relying on text clustering. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of avoidance in coping with disasters: A study of survivors of the capsize of the ‘Herald of free enterprise’
Authors: Williams R. M. , Joseph S. , Yule W.
Published: July 2009

An ambiguity in the role of avoidance in PTSD is discussed: avoidance can be seen as maintaining anxiety and as a normal component of adjusting to a traumatic experience. Some data from a sample of survivors from a ferry disaster showed that a measure of intrusive symptomatology was strongly related to other psychiatric symptoms whereas a measure of avoidant symptomatology (conceived of as avoidant coping) was not strongly related to other symptoms. The results are interpreted as supportive of the different functions of intrusive thoughts and avoidance responses.
Individualized versus standardized therapy: A comparative evaluation with obsessive‐compulsive patients
Authors: Emmelkamp Paul M. G. , Bouman Theo K. , Blaauw Eric
Published: July 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate whether individualized tailor‐made behavioural treatment based upon a problem analysis of each case was more effective than a standardized behavioural treatment protocol. Twenty‐two obsessive‐compulsive patients were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions: (1) tailor‐made cognitive behavioural therapy and (2) standardized exposure in vivo therapy. Treatment in both conditions led to significant improvements on obsessive‐compulsive targets and on the Maudsley Obsessional‐Compulsive Inventory. Improvement generalized to general levels of psychopathology, depressed mood and social anxiety. Contrary to expectations the individualized treatment was not more effective than the standardized exposure therapy.
Monitoring influential factors in the achievement of bladder control: A case study
Authors: Butler Richard J.
Published: July 2009

Although a large percentage of children with nocturnal enuresis will achieve bladder control using the enuresis alarm, a sizeable number acquire only partial success using such methodology. This study describes a series of interventions designed to assist one boy who continued to achieve only limited success in nocturnal bladder control. Establishing the effective component of the programme was achieved by detailed self recording of potentially influential factors. Mood states, fluid consumption, interventions, bed time and spontaneous waking were recorded for 28 days. A clear relationship emerged linking bedwetting accidents exclusively to nights the boy woke spontaneously but chose not to use the toilet. Drawing his awareness to this pattern encouraged him to take the appropriate action on waking and for the first time he achieved a criteria of 14 consecutive dry nights. At a 6‐month follow‐up this progress was maintained.
States, schemas, and control: General theories for psychotherapy integration
Authors: Horowitz Mardi J.
Published: July 2009

A common language is necessary for an integration of psychotherapy techniques. This means that each ‘brand name’ must surrender some historically used terminology. A modern cognitive language seems to be an acceptable ground. This paper suggests how a theory of states, schemas, and controls can use such a language while revitalizing dynamic conceptualizations in a way that promotes articulation to behavioural and family systems points of view.
The use of personal therapy by clinical psychologists working in the NHS in the United Kingdom
Authors: Darongkamas Jurai , Burton Mary V. , Cushway Delia
Published: July 2009

This study describes a survey of 496 NHS clinical psychologists (65% return rate obtained) looking at professional activities, job‐related stress, views on personal therapy, and details of personal therapy experiences. Forty‐one per cent reported having had experience of personal therapy, a figure lower than in any of the published American samples. Seventy‐eight per cent said they were moderately or very stressed by the job. Those with experience of personal therapy had higher scores on the GHQ‐28 and higher self‐reported scores for stress of the job and stress of doing psychotherapy. More psychologists with a psychodynamic orientation had experience of personal therapy than would have been expected by chance. Psychodynamic therapists chose psychodynamic or psychoanalytic therapists, but cognitive‐behavioural therapists chose therapists of orientations other than their own. Reasons for undertaking and ending therapy, the rated outcome of therapy, and means of finding a therapist are reported. Outcome of therapy was generally positive, with 17% of the sample reporting unsatisfactory results. The results are discussed in the light of published studies and in the context of work‐related stress among clinical psychologists.
Effects of initial severity of dysfunctional thinking on the outcome of cognitive therapy
Authors: Scogin Forrest , Bowman Daniel , Jamison Christine , Beutler Larry , Machado Paulo P. P.
Published: July 2009

The relation between initial severity of dysfunctional thinking and response to cognitive therapy was examined. Participants from four studies were pooled (n = 133) and the relations between the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Cognitive Error Questionnaire, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were examined. Results failed to replicate previous findings of a poorer response to treatment for participants higher in dysfunctional thinking. Failure to replicate was observed across subsamples varying in age and treatment modality. Cognitive therapy may not be contraindicated for persons evidencing higher levels of dysfunctional thinking.
The role of the object and the mourning process in the child
Authors: Porret J.‐M.
Published: July 2009

The young child's ability to go through a genuine mourning process has been a source of controversy in the psychoanalytical literature. This may seem surprising, considering that mourning is essential for and inherent to psychic development. This paper attempts to show that the young child's ability to go through a mourning process does not depend mainly on ego maturity, nor just on an acknowledgment of a loss in the external world, nor on the child's understanding the idea of death at an intellectual and cognitive level. But it may depend mainly on the establishment of the primordial mourning process inherent to the separation of the transnarcissistic mother–child relation and on the existence of the objectalizing function (A. Green, 1986) in the remaining or substitute parent's psyche. A clinical example serves to illustrate these hypotheses.
Dimensions of coping and life events as predictors of depression following cognitive therapy
Authors: Morrison Anthony P. , Scott Michael J. , Stradling Stephen G.
Published: July 2009

Thirty‐five depressed outpatients who had received cognitive therapy were followed up after a period of between one and four years. The patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the beginning and end of treatment. A variety of questionnaires, including the BDI and questionnaires assessing coping skills, life events and client satisfaction, were given at follow‐up in order to investigate predictors of self‐report depression. Multiple regression was used to build a model of predictors of level of depression at follow‐up. The only significant predictors of BDI score were the use of specific coping techniques learned in therapy, the focus on and venting of emotions, behavioural disengagement, and post‐treatment BDI score. The use of specific learned coping was associated with low self‐ratings of depression at follow‐up, whereas the other variables were associated with high follow‐up BDI scores. The implications of these findings for the maintenance of treatment gains were considered.
Another dodo bird verdict? revisiting the comparative effectiveness of professional and paraprofessional therapists
Authors: Faust David , Zlotnick Caron
Published: July 2009

We examine major criticisms of studies comparing paraprofessionals' and professionals' therapeutic effectiveness. Such analysis does not support the contention that methodological weaknesses of the studies produced systematic biases against professional therapists. Thus, despite common beliefs to the contrary, the finding that formal training does not predict successful therapy appears sound. We discuss the implications of this finding for research, training, and clinical practice.
A comparative trial of psychotherapy in the treatment of post‐trauma stress reactions
Authors: Thompson James , Chung Man Cheung , Jackson Gary , Rosser Rachel
Published: July 2009

Forty‐two patients with post‐traumatic stress reactions were assessed 40 weeks after the traumatic event and given either an immediate (n= 29) or delayed (n= 13) eight sessions of psychotherapy. The patients in the delayed condition improved somewhat during the waiting list period, but at the end of treatment the two conditions were not significantly different. However, treatment gains were a little higher in the immediate group, with up to a 32% reduction in symptoms. There were no significant differences between therapists. The rate of improvement while under therapy was much higher than while awaiting assessment. Improvements were greatest for those with high Psychoticism and Obsessive Compulsive scores.
Sexualization in the coping process of HIV‐infected gay men
Authors: Sandfort Th. G. M. , Clement U. , Knobel J. , Keet R. , de Vroome E. M. M.
Published: July 2009

This study explores determinants of unsafe sex, specifically in HIV‐infected gay men. It is assumed that safe sex in HIV‐positive men is determined by other factors than in men with an unknown or negative serostatus. For HIV‐positive men it is much less an issue of protecting oneself, and more so an issue of protecting the other. It is hypothesized that for HIV‐positive men, practising safe and unsafe sex is the outcome of a coping process, in which the stress of being infected is mediated by several factors, potentially resulting in a tendency to compulsive sexual behaviour (sexualization). A path analytic test supports the theoretical model. However, sexualization, especially the tendency to have sex to make oneself feel better, is only related to the number of sex partners one has had and not to having practised unsafe sex. This may imply that practising safe and unsafe sex should be much more understood from an interpersonal than an intrapersonal perspective.
Cognitive behavioural strategies for HIV sexual risk reduction
Authors: Tallis Frank
Published: July 2009

Unprotected sexual intercourse is the principal means of transmission for HIV; the virus associated with AIDS. In the absence of effective medical treatment, the modification of sexual behaviour remains the most important method of containment. A cognitive behavioural model of risky sexual behaviour is described. Intervention strategies suggested by the model are discussed in some detail. These include a novel procedure that potentiates state dependent memory effects. Finally, three cases are presented in order to underscore key points.
Syntheses and Characterization of Lead(II) N,N‐Bis[1(2)H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine Compounds and Effects on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Wang Weitao , Chen Sanping , Gao Shengli
Published: July 2009

Three new lead(II) N,N‐bis[1(2)H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine (H2bta) compounds, [Pb(bta)(H2O)2]n (1), [Pb2(bta)2(bpy)2] (2), and [Pb2(bta)2(phen)2]·2H2O (3), were synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that compound 1 has a 1D polymeric zigzag chain structure, whereas compounds 2 and 3 have binuclear structures. In addition, compounds 1–3 were explored as additives to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate by differential scanning calorimetry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Investigation of the Photochemical Behaviour of Tricarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)manganese Derivatives with Carbamate Groups
Authors: Telegina Lyudmila N. , Ezernitskaya Mariam G. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Babievskii Kirill K. , Lokshin Boris V. , Strelkova Tatiayana V. , Borisov Yuriy A. , Loim Nikolay M.
Published: July 2009

Photochemical properties of cymantrene carbamates were for the first time investigated. It was found that UV irradiation of Boc‐substituted 1‐aminoalkylcymantrenes yields dicarbonyl chelate complexes as a result of the coordination of the oxygen atom of the carbamate ligand to the manganese atom. These complexes show high thermodynamic and kinetic stability in solution at room temperature and in closed systems can be used for the creation of photochromic systems based on cymantrene carbamates.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Lessons of 3‐Alkoxy‐4‐(p‐chlorophenyl)‐1,3‐thiazole‐2(3H)‐thione Chemistry Learned from Structural Investigations
Authors: Hartung Jens , Daniel Kristina , Bergsträßer Uwe , Kempter Irina , Schneiders Nina , Danner Steffen , Schmidt Philipp , Svoboda Ingrid , Fuess Hartmut
Published: July 2009

Synthetic, spectroscopic, and structural investigations provided evidence that distinguished neat 3‐alkoxy‐4‐(p‐chlorophenyl)‐1,3‐thiazole‐2(3H)‐thiones (CPTTORs), once developed to serve as alkoxyl radical precursors for storage and use on demand, showed background reactivity. Selectivity in these transformations was guided by the nature of the O‐alkyl substituent. Two pathways reflected the inherent weakness of the N,O bond, leading to products of isomerization and rearrangement. In a third instance, methyl translocation from oxygen to sulfur occurred to furnish a heteroaromatic N‐oxide at the expense of a cross conjugated π‐system. Consistent X‐ray crystallographic data sets served as a basis for electronic structure method assessment in order to model aspects relevant to structure and decomposition chemistry that were not available from diffraction data.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of Original 2‐Substituted 4‐Arylquinazolines by Microwave‐Irradiated Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Kabri Youssef , Gellis Armand , Vanelle Patrice
Published: July 2009

Original 2‐substituted 4‐arylquinazolines have been synthesized by using a microwave‐assisted Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling approach. The optimization and generalization of the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction between 2‐substituted 4‐chloroquinazolines and various boronic acids are described herein. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Reducing intergroup conflict through the consideration of future consequences
Authors: Wolf Scott T. , Cohen Taya R. , Kirchner Jeffrey L. , Rea Andrew , Montoya R. Matthew , Insko Chester A.
Published: July 2009

Basic social psychological research has suggested several interventions to reduce intergroup conflict. Most of these interventions, however, have been indirect and impractical to implement outside laboratory settings. Although past research has demonstrated that indirect manipulations of the consideration of future consequences reduce intergroup competition, no study of interindividual–intergroup discontinuity has tested this assumption with a direct manipulation. The present study found that when participants (individuals and members of groups) interacting in an iterated prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) were asked to predict how their opponent's choice on a second trial would be affected by their own choice on an initial trial, intergroup competition was reduced while interindividual competition remained low regardless of the manipulation. On a practical level, implications of this study provide a simple and easily implemented solution to reducing intergroup conflict in non‐laboratory situations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Components of variance in transcriptomics based on electrophoretic separation of cDNA fragments (cDNA‐AFLP)
Authors: Weiberg Arne , Karlovsky Petr
Published: July 2009

The sources of variance and errors in transcriptomics based on the electrophoretic separation of amplified cDNA fragments were investigated using cDNA‐amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Transcriptome profiles of the plant‐pathogenic fungus Verticillium longisporum were generated by a standard cDNA‐AFLP protocol followed by electrophoretic separation of amplified DNA fragments in flatbed polyacrylamide gels with fluorescence detection as well as by capillary electrophoresis (DNA sequencer). The total variance was partitioned into contributions of cDNA synthesis, adapter ligation, preamplification, amplification, and electrophoresis. Parameters of computer‐aided peak recognition and matching were investigated and strategies improving matching success based on double passage with different signal intensity thresholds were developed. The overall quality of data was similar for cDNA‐AFLP and microarray hybridization. Variance of cDNA‐AFLP was independent of signal intensity, whereas microarray data showed higher variance for low‐intensity signals. Capillary electrophoresis significantly reduced the number of wrongly matched and unmatched signals as compared with flatbed gels. These results are also likely to apply to related electrophoresis‐based transcriptome analysis techniques such as mRNA differential display.
Optimized protocol for the 2‐DE of extracellular proteins from higher basidiomycetes inhabiting lignocellulose
Authors: Fragner Dorothea , Zomorrodi Mojtaba , Kües Ursula , Majcherczyk Andrzej
Published: July 2009

Basidiomycetes inhabiting lignocellulose comprise an important class of filamentous fungi with ecological and biotechnological relevance. Extracellular enzymes of wood‐degrading fungi such as laccases, manganese‐dependent (or independent) peroxidases, cellulases and xylanases are of considerable interest for biotechnological applications. Still, proteomic studies of fungal secretomes based on 2‐DE can be very challenging due to low protein concentrations and variable amounts of fungal metabolites. Comparison of different standard methods for protein precipitation has demonstrated their limited applicability to fungal secretomes. The extracellular metabolites impair standard methods for protein quantification and can result in a strong overestimation of total protein. We have developed an optimized protocol for the precipitation of extracellular proteins from liquid cultures of Coprinopsis cinerea growing in an exponential phase on a complex media. We found that a considerable amount of gelatinous material can be removed from the liquid culture supernatants by high‐speed centrifugation. Fungal proteins can be effectively enriched by TCA precipitation and coprecipitated metabolites hampering 2‐DE can be removed through the application of Tris/acetone. Following our protocol makes it possible to concentrate proteins from culture supernatants and to simultaneously remove most of the impeding compounds from a given sample. We have applied this procedure in the 2‐DE of secretomes from the model organism C. cinerea as well as other basidiomycetes such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Polyporus brumalis and Schizophyllum commune.
Age distribution of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia reflects caveats of cervical screening policies
Authors: Chan Paul K.S. , Chang Alexander R. , Yu Mei Y. , Li Wai‐Hon , Chan May Y.M. , Yeung Apple C.M. , Cheung Tak‐Hong , Yau Tat‐Nga , Wong Sze‐Man , Yau Ching‐Wai , Ng Ho‐Keung
Published: July 2009

Although a second age‐related peak of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is observed in many populations, it does not seem to have any impact on cervical screening policies. We examined the age‐specific prevalence of HPV infection among 2,604 women enrolled for cervical screening and correlated the age at diagnosis of 2,491 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 2/3 (CIN2/3) lesions and 801 invasive cervical cancers (ICC). Two peaks of HPV infection were detected at 26–30 and 46–50 years, respectively. The first infection peak was followed by a CIN2/3 peak and an ICC peak at 5–15 and 15 years later, respectively. The second infection peak was followed by an ICC peak 20 years later, but strikingly no CIN2/3 peak was detected in between and thus eliminated an opportunity of treating the lesions at preinvasive stages. The most plausible explanation is that women at the expected second CIN2/3 peak (50–65 years) are not having Pap smears under the current opportunistic screening program. Furthermore, women of this age may have physiological retraction of the transformation zone, and CIN lesions may remain undetected if an adequate Pap smear sample is not obtained. To combat this problem, the screening program in Hong Kong needs to focus on women aged 50 years and older and a mop‐up screening up to 75 years is necessary. Bimodal peaks of HPV infection and cervical cancer are seen in many countries and the analysis of population‐specific age distribution of CIN2/3 should be an integral exercise in evaluating the effectiveness of a screening program.