bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface gravity wave transformation across a platform coral reef in the Red Sea
Authors: Lentz S. J. , Churchill J. H. , Davis K. A. , Farrar J. T.
Published: December 2015

The transformation of surface gravity waves across a platform reef in the Red Sea is examined using 18 months of observations and a wave transformation model developed for beaches. The platform reef is 200 m across, 700 m long, and the water depth varies from 0.3 to 1.2 m. Assuming changes in wave energy flux are due to wave breaking and bottom drag dissipation, the wave transformation model with optimal parameters characterizing the wave breaking (γm = 0.25) and bottom drag (hydrodynamic roughness zo = 0.08 m) accounts for 75%–90% of the observed wave‐height variance at four sites. The observations and model indicate that wave breaking dominates the dissipation in a 20–30 m wide surf zone while bottom drag dominates the dissipation over the rest of the reef. Friction factors (drag coefficients) estimated from the observed wave energy balance range from fw = 0.5 to fw = 5 and increase as wave‐orbital displacements decrease. The observed dependence on wave‐orbital displacement is roughly consistent with extrapolation of an empirical relationship based on numerous laboratory studies of oscillatory flow. As a consequence of the dependence on wave‐orbital displacement, wave friction factors vary temporally due to changes in water depth and incident wave heights, and spatially across the reef as the waves decay.
Contrasting spatial patterns in the diurnal and semidiurnal temperature variability in the Santa Barbara Channel, California
Authors: Aristizábal María F. , Fewings Melanie R. , Washburn Libe
Published: December 2015

The Santa Barbara Channel, California, experiences large temperature fluctuations during summer that have been associated with the input of nutrients to the euphotic zone. We studied the temperature fluctuations in the diurnal and semidiurnal bands, which account for as much as 65% of the total variance. We analyzed data from 25 moorings along the mainland and the Northern Channel Islands deployed at depths 8–18 m during 1999–2012. In the diurnal band, the temperature fluctuations vary almost simultaneously within two distinct regions, with a lag of 5 h between the regions: the mainland east of Point Conception and the west part of the Channel exposed to the large‐scale winds. The two regions of in‐phase temperature variability are in agreement with a previously published division of zones according to the wind characteristics. The portion of the diurnal temperature variance that is wind driven does not propagate along the coastline, but rather is directly forced by the wind. The semidiurnal temperature oscillations are more substantial in the Northern Channel Islands. These findings are consistent with a numerical study that predicted that the steep slopes of the Santa Cruz Basin, located south of the Channel Islands, are a source of semidiurnal internal tides. We conclude that the contrast between the spatial patterns of the diurnal and semidiurnal temperature oscillations on scales of tens of kilometers reflects the spatial distribution of the main forcing in each band, namely the diurnal wind and the locally generated semidiurnal internal tide. The spatial patterns of the diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations reflect the forcing in each band.
The effective oxidation state of a peatland
Authors: Worrall Fred , Clay Gareth D. , Moody Catherine S. , Burt Tim P. , Rose Rob
Published: December 2015

The oxidative ratio (OR) of the organic matter of the terrestrial biosphere is a key parameter in the understanding of the magnitude of the carbon sink represented both by the terrestrial biosphere and by the global oceans. However, no study has considered the oxidation state of all the organic pools and fluxes within one environment. In this study all organic matter pathways (dissolved organic matter, particulate organic matter, CO2, and CH4) were measured within an upland peat ecosystem in northern England. The study showed the following: (1) The peat soil of ecosystem was accumulating oxygen at a rate of between −16 and −73 t O km−2 yr−1; (2) Although there was no significant variation in oxidation state in the peat profile, there was a significant increase in degree of unsaturation with depth; (3) The dissolved organic matter leaving the ecosystem was significantly more oxidized than the other carbon pools analyzed while the particulate organic matter was not significantly different from the peat soil profile; and (4) Assuming that all carbon flux from the site was as CO2, the OR of the ecosystem was 1.07; when the nature and speciation of the release pathways were considered, the ecosystem OR was 1.04. At the global scale, correcting for the speciation of carbon fluxes means that the annual global fluxes of carbon to land = 1.49 ± 0.003 Gt C/yr and to the oceans = 2.01 ± 0.004 Gt C/yr.
GraphicalMarkov Models, Unifying Results and Their Interpretation
Authors: Wermuth Nanny
Published: December 2015

Graphical Markov models combine conditional independence constraints with graphical representations of stepwise data generating processes. The models started to be formulated about 40 years ago and vigorous development is ongoing. Longitudinal observational studies and intervention studies are best modeled via a subclass calledregression graph modelsand, especially traceable regressions. Regression graphs include two types of undirected graph and directed acyclic graphs in ordered sequences of joint responses. Response components may correspond to discrete or continuous random variables or to both types and may depend exclusively on variables that have been generated earlier. These aspects are essential when causal hypothesis are the motivation for the planning of empirical studies.

To turn the graphs into useful tools for tracing pathways of dependence, understanding development over time and for predicting structure in alternative models, the generated distributions have to mimic some properties of joint Gaussian distributions. Here, relevant results concerning these aspects are spelled out and illustrated by examples. With regression graph models, it becomes feasible, for the first time, to derive structural effects of (i) ignoring some of the variables, (ii) selecting subpopulations via fixed levels of some other variables, or (iii) changing the order in which the variables might get generated. Thus, the most important future applications of these models will aim at the best possible integration of knowledge from related studies.
Bootstrapping in Survival Analysis
Authors: Veraverbeke Noël
Published: December 2015

We survey the main developments in bootstrapping survival data since the paper of Efron on resampling procedures for censored data. We consider bootstrap versions of the product‐limit estimator and also deal with resampling in semi‐ and nonparametric regression models.
Elementary Catastrophe Theory
Authors: Wagenmakers Eric‐Jan , Grasman Raoul P.P.P. , van der Maas Han L. J. , Molenaar Peter C.M.
Published: December 2015

Catastrophe theory describes how small, continuous changes in control parameters (i.e., independent variables that influence the state of a system) can have sudden, discontinuous effects on dependent variables. Such discontinuous, jumplike changes are calledphase‐transitionsorcatastrophes. Examples include the sudden collapse of a bridge under slowly mounting pressure, and the freezing of water when temperature is gradually decreased. This entry expands on the ideas inherent in catastrophe models.
p‐Charts for Attribute Control
Authors: Leiva Víctor , Oliveira Teresa
Published: December 2015

In this article, we present charts for attribute control by means of the proportion () of defective items, named ‐charts. Such charts are often used in statistical quality control to monitor the behavior of production processes by means of over time. When the sample size () is constant, charts for attribute control related to the number () of defective items, named ‐charts, are a good alternative to the ‐charts. A review of the basic issues related to ‐charts and some recent ideas on the topic are provided considering life distributions. An implementation in the R software is discussed using examples.
Investigation on the effect of fluorescence quenching of bovine serum albumin by cefoxitin sodium using fluorescence spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Li Gaixia , Liu Bao‐sheng , Zhang Qiuju , Han Rong
Published: December 2015

The reaction mechanism of cefoxitin sodium with bovine serum albumin was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy at different temperatures. The results showed that the change of binding constant of the synchronous fluorescence method with increasing temperature could be used to estimate the types of quenching mechanisms of drugs with protein and was consistent with one of fluorescence quenching method. In addition, the number of binding sites, type of interaction force, cooperativity between drug and protein and energy‐transfer parameters of cefoxitin sodium and bovine serum albumin obtained from two methods using the same equation were consistent. Electrostatic force played a major role in the conjugation reaction between bovine serum albumin and cefoxitin sodium, and the type of quenching was static quenching. The primary binding site for cefoxitin sodium was sub‐hydrophobic domain IIA, and the number of binding sites was 1. The value of Hill's coefficients (nH) was approximately equal to 1, which suggested no cooperativity in the bovine serum albumin–cefoxitin sodium system. The donor‐to‐acceptor distance r < 7 nm indicated that static fluorescence quenching of bovine serum albumin by cefoxitin sodium was also a non‐radiation energy‐transfer process. The results indicated that synchronous fluorescence spectrometry could be used to study the reaction mechanism between drug and protein, and was a useful supplement to the conventional method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different packages on food product contagion: The moderating roles of mood states and product‐related information
Authors: Lin Chien‐Huang , Shih Li‐Chin
Published: December 2015

Across two experiments conducted for this research, it is evident that different moderators do play a role in the influence of food product contagion effects. This research focuses on how mood states or product‐related information moderate contagion prime and package type. Existing studies indicate that unsealed packages can enhance the extent of the contagion effects more than sealed packages. Study 1 showed that happy people experienced stronger positive contagion effects than sad or neutral ones and that they also demonstrated stronger effects on unsealed packages compared with sealed packages. Conversely, sad people significantly enhanced the extent of negative contagion effects and experienced stronger effects on unsealed packages. Study 2, however, revealed that people receiving positive product‐related information experienced stronger positive contagion effects on unsealed packages, whereas people receiving negative product‐related information showed stronger negative contagion effects on unsealed packages. This is the first study to discuss the chosen moderators on the contagion effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of gender roles in perceived scarce environments – Maintaining masculinity when shopping for fast fashion apparel
Authors: Gupta Shipra , Gentry James W.
Published: December 2015

Gender refers to ways men and women socialize into the male and female roles that are commonly attributed to them. These roles are continuously (re)constructed within and through our daily activities. Prior literature suggests a need for more research in investigating how men and women construct their identity in various exchange situations and in various cultural settings. This paper explores the situational construction of male and female identities (especially the male one) when shopping for fashion products in environments with strategically created scarcity. The findings of this study suggest that, when shopping for fashion products in scarce environments, men and women tend to exhibit gendered behaviors that are considered more consistent with their traditional gender norms. We find that men, although concerned about their appearance, adhere to urgent buying behavior. This behavior helps men maintain some of their traditional masculine identity. In addition, they do not participate as frequently in the in‐store hoarding and in‐store hiding that are more frequently exhibited by women and that are more consistent with a feminine identity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Topochemical Oxidation of Perovskite KCoF3 to a K2PtCl6 Structure‐Type Oxyfluoride.
Authors: Nagarajan Rajamani , Ahmad Shahzad , Singh Poonam
Published: December 2015

K2CoOF4 with a K2PtCl6 structure is obtained from a perovskite‐based KCoF3 complex suspension in ≈1:1 H2O2/MeOH by an oxidative anion insertion topochemical reaction (reflux, 23 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Air‐ and Moisture‐Stable, Storable Chiral Oxorhenium Complexes and Their Application as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Imine Reduction.
Authors: Das Braja Gopal , Nallagonda Rajender , Dey Dhananjay , Ghorai Prasanta
Published: December 2015

The new catalysts are applied to the asymmetric reduction of a wide range of ketimines, the syntheses of enantiopure α‐amino esters, γ‐ and δ‐lactams, isoindolinones, and pharmaceutically relevant targets, such as (R)‐(+)‐salsolidine and (R)‐(+)‐crispine A.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenative Kinetic Resolution of Vinyl Sulfoxides.
Authors: Lao Joan R. , Fernandez‐Perez Hector , Vidal‐Ferran Anton
Published: December 2015

An unprecedented strategy towards enantioenriched sulfoxides based on a hydrogenative kinetic resolution using a Rh‐complex with chiral phosphine‐phosphite ligand as catalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Hydroxide‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Terminal Alkynes for the Synthesis of O‐Allenes and N‐Allenes.
Authors: Li You , Chen Jinyang , Qiu Renhua , Wang Xie , Long Jinguo , Zhu Longzhi , Au Chak‐Tong , Xu Xinhua
Published: December 2015

The title reaction is applied to the synthesis of O‐aryl substituted O‐allenes and N‐acetyl‐N‐aryl substituted N‐allenes as well as N‐allene substituted N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihalo(imidazolium)sulfuranes: A Versatile Platform for the Synthesis of New Electrophilic Group‐Transfer Reagents.
Authors: Talavera Garazi , Pena Javier , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: December 2015

Imidazolium sulfuranes (I) are prepared and their reactivity as electrophilic reagents are evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Dehydration for the Synthesis of α‐Vinyl Carbonyl Compounds and Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Aspewentins A, B, and C.
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Virgil Scott C. , Grubbs Robert H. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: December 2015

This method uses a decarbonylative dehydration strategy to transform δ‐oxocarboxylic acids into α‐vinylated carbonyl compounds with quaternary stereocenters, which are challenging to form by direct vinylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization Approach for Electrooxidative Coupling of Functional Primary Alkylamines with Aromatics.
Authors: Morofuji Tatsuya , Shimizu Akihiro , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: December 2015

An effective method for C—H amination of aromatic compounds with functionalized primary alkylamines via heterocyclization based on the rational reaction design is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(amino)cyclopropenylidene‐Catalyzed 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Aromatic Aldehydes to para‐Quinone Methides: Expedient Access to α,α′‐Diarylated Ketones.
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu Bandaru T. , Mahesh Sriram , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya
Published: December 2015

This novel 2,3‐bis(diethylamino)cyclopropenylium tetraphenylborate‐catalyzed method offers access to a wide range of α,α‐diarylated ketones (erroneously assigned as α,α′‐diarylated) via umpolung of aldehydes followed by 1,6‐conjugate addition with p‐quinone methides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Aryl Carbamates under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Gonzalez‐Fabra Joan , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Bo Carles , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: December 2015

This method yields the title N‐aryl carbamates in good yields from cyclic carbonates under mild metal‐free conditions using TBD as an effective and cheap organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Stille Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by in situ Formed Palladium Nanoparticles.
Authors: Xu Guangli , Zhang Yuanmin , Wang Kehu , Fu Ying , Du Zhengyin
Published: December 2015

An efficient and ligand‐free method for the Stille coupling is reported leading to biaryls (III) in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting the 7‐Phospanorbornene Family: New P‐Alkyl Derivatives.
Authors: Kovacs Tamara , Fueloep Laura Sz. , Mucsi Zoltan , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Czugler Matyas , Keglevich Gyoergy
Published: December 2015

New P‐alkyl substituted 7‐phosphanorbornenes are synthesized by either trapping of phosphole oxides (II) with N‐maleimide derivatives or dimerization of (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Nucleophilic Addition of Olefinic C—H Bond to α,β‐Unsaturated‐γ‐lactams.
Authors: Wang Maorong , Gao Bao , Huang Hanmin
Published: December 2015

5‐Alkenyl‐2‐pyrrolidinones are prepared by addition of arylalkenes to N‐benzyl‐2,5‐dihydropyrrol‐2‐one.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Introduction of an Enamido Group at the C(3)‐Position of Indoles.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro , Zhao Qiang , Funakoshi Yuuta
Published: December 2015

An enamido group is site‐selectively introduced at the C3‐position of indoles by the rhodium(II)‐catalyzed reaction with N‐sulfonyl triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxindoles by Broensted Acid Catalyzed Radical Cascade Addition of Ketones.
Authors: Boess Esther , Karanestora Sofia , Bosnidou Alexandra‐Eleni , Schweitzer‐Chaput Bertrand , Hasenbeck Max , Klussmann Martin
Published: December 2015

N‐alkylated methacrylic acid anilides react with ketones via tBuOOH‐mediated radical cascade Michael addition/cyclization to the title compounds in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Butadiynyl‐Substituted Pyrroles under Solvent‐ and Transition Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Tomilin Denis N. , Pigulski Bartlomiej , Gulia Nurbey , Arendt Agata , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Szafert Slawomir , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: December 2015

Various title compounds are obtained by highly efficient C—H butadiynylation of substituted pyrroles with halobutadiynes through simple grinding.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Mediated Synthesis of Benzazole and Thiourea Motifs by Reacting Naturally Occurring Isothiocyanate with Amines.
Authors: Sharma Ritika , Bala Manju , Verma Praveen Kumar , Singh Bikram
Published: December 2015

An efficient and green method for the synthesis of the title compounds from erucin and other isothiocyanates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Conjugate Addition Nitro‐Mannich Route to cis‐2‐Aryl‐3‐nitrotetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Anderson James C. , Barham Joshua P. , Rundell Christopher D.
Published: December 2015

Using a bifunctional thiourea catalyst and a Hantzsch ester, cis‐2‐aryl‐3‐nitrotetrahydroquinolines are available through intramolecular conjugate hydride addition nitro‐Mannich reaction of 2‐iminonitrostyrenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Insertion of Alkenes into the Carbon—Nitrogen Bond of β‐Lactams.
Authors: Yada Akira , Okajima Satoshi , Murakami Masahiro
Published: December 2015

The title reaction proceeds via cleavage of the C—N bond of β‐lactams (I) and (III) by Pd(0) followed by intramolecular alkene insertion.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines via Pictet—Spengler Reaction.
Authors: Vavsari Vaezeh Fathi , Dianati Vahid , Ramezanpour Sorour , Balalaie Saeed
Published: December 2015

Tryptophane propargyl ester (I) reacts with arylaldehydes to give cis‐β‐carbolines (III) exclusively, while the tryptophane hydrazide (IV) give trans/cis mixtures of (VI) and (VII) with a ratio of 2:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Efficient Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐pyrazines.
Authors: Dong Yansheng , Huang Li , Yi Fengping
Published: December 2015

from 1,2‐diketones and ethylenediamine
ChemInform Abstract: New Labdane Diterpenes and Their Glycoside Derivatives from the Roots of Isodon adenantha.
Authors: Wu La‐Bin , Xiao Chao‐Jiang , Jiang Xue , Qiu Lin , Dong Xiang , Jiang Bei
Published: December 2015

isolation, structure, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of two new labdane diterpenes, adenanthic acids A (I) and B (II), three new labdane diterpene glycosides, adenanthosides A‐C (II), together with 23 known constituents
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Bilayer Glass‐Ceramic SOFC Sealants via Optimizing the Chemical Composition of Glasses — A Review
Authors: Reddy Allu Amarnath , Tulyaganov Dilshat U. , Kharton Vladislav V. , Ferreira Jose M. F.
Published: December 2015

Review: 112 refs.
Inorganic‐organic hybrid material based on amine‐functionalized zeolite Y: A study of catalytic activity in transesterification
Authors: Samerjit Jittima , Kongparakul Suwadee , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Guan Guoqing , Samart Chanatip
Published: December 2015

Three different structures of amine compound, 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (N1), N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine (N2), and N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] diethylenetriamine (N3), functionalized on zeolite Y, were used to enhance catalyst lifetime in the transesterification reaction. The presence of amine compound was confirmed by FTIR. Moreover, the grafting percentage of amine on zeolite Y was also considered, since it affected the basicity and basic strength of the catalyst. The catalytic activity testing for transesterification of glyceryl tributyrate (GTB) and methanol was carried out in an autoclave reactor at reaction conditions of 30:1 molar ratio of methanol to GTB and a catalyst loading level of 0.35 g/g (35 mass% of GTB). The highest methyl butyrate production per active site was obtained by N3, due to its having the highest basic strength. The highest methyl butyrate yield was given by N1, due to its having the highest amino group concentration (basicity). Therefore, the catalytic activity, in terms of methyl butyrate yield and methyl butyrate production per active site, was affected by both basic strength and basicity. The reusability of the catalysts showed that the methyl butyrate yield slightly declined to ∼13.8 % yield after four cycles, but the methyl butyrate production per active site remained constant across four cycles.
Preliminary numerical modelling of CO2 gas foaming in heavy oil and simulations of oil production from heavy oil reservoirs
Authors: Or Chanmoly , Sasaki Kyuro , Sugai Yuichi , Nakano Masanori , Imai Motonao
Published: December 2015

Basic understanding of numerical modelling for the effects of CO2 foaming on heavy oil production behaviour using the huff‐and‐puff process is relevant for CO2‐EOR performance. The numerical model was constructed based on laboratory measurements: CO2 solubility, foam swelling, and apparent viscosity. The model for unsaturated solubility in porous media, such as sandstone cores and oil reservoirs, was proposed by defining CO2 solubility in heavy oil for generating foamy oil. The foaming process was modelled with four kinds of foamy oils at discrete depressurizations below each equilibrium pressure. A numerical model of apparent foam viscosity with discrete depressurization was set up based on experimental measurements as a function of pressures and temperatures of 0.1–10 MPa and 20–50 °C. The matching between the numerical simulations of heavy oil drainage and experimental measurements of foaming in Berea sandstone cores (Psat = 10 MPa at 50 °C) shows 31 % oil recovery after depressurization to atmospheric pressure. The numerical simulation results of heavy oil production at field‐scale showed that CO2 gas production quickly increases after depressurization and then the foamy oil production increases following the peak gas production rate. In the first cycle of the huff‐and‐puff process, the maximum oil production rate ranged from 4–68 m3/day. From the sensitivity study it can be concluded that the initial oil saturation and the CO2 dissolution zone as compared with reservoir size play a main function in heavy oil production by CO2 gas foaming in the huff‐and‐puff process.
Isolation of fructose from high‐fructose corn syrup with calcium immobilized strong acid cation exchanger: Isotherms, kinetics, and fixed‐bed chromatography study
Authors: Wang Ya‐Jun , Jiang Xia‐Wei , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Jin Li‐Qun , Liao Cheng‐Jun , Cheng Xin‐Ping , Mao Bao‐Xing , Zheng Yu‐Guo
Published: December 2015

In this work, a separation strategy for fructose purification from high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) was established, involving two consecutive instances of chromatography with Ca2+‐immobilized cation exchanger XA 2004/22. Among the 14 calcium ion form of strong acid cation exchangers tested, cation exchanger XA 2004/22 displayed the best adsorption performances for fructose, with the adsorption ratio of fructose to glucose reaching 2.32 at 303 K. The static equilibrium adsorption data of fructose on Ca2+‐immobilized cation exchanger XA 2004/22 closely fitted the linear equation, and the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo‐second order model. Close agreement between the theoretical curves and the experimental breakthrough data was observed using the Thomas and Yoon‐Nelson models. Under the optimized conditions, fructose was prepared at a purity of 0.924 g/g (92.4 mass %) and 0.243 g/g (24.3 mass %) yield by two‐step packed bed chromatography with Ca2+‐immobilized cation exchanger XA 2004/22. Further introducing one step of simple cooling crystallization gave crystalline fructose at 0.99 g/g (99 mass %) purity.
Metabolic profiling for the identification of Huntington biomarkers by on‐line solid‐phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry combined with advanced data analysis tools
Authors: Pont Laura , Benavente Fernando , Jaumot Joaquim , Tauler Romà , Alberch Jordi , Ginés Silvia , Barbosa José , Sanz‐Nebot Victoria
Published: December 2015

In this work, an untargeted metabolomic approach based on sensitive analysis by on‐line solid‐phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (SPE‐CE‐MS) in combination with multivariate data analysis is proposed as an efficient method for the identification of biomarkers of Huntington's disease (HD) progression in plasma. For this purpose, plasma samples from wild‐type (wt) and HD (R6/1) mice of different ages (8, 12, and 30 weeks), were analyzed by C18‐SPE‐CE‐MS in order to obtain the characteristic electrophoretic profiles of low molecular mass compounds. Then, multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) was applied to the multiple full scan MS datasets. This strategy permitted the resolution of a large number of metabolites being characterized by their electrophoretic peaks and their corresponding mass spectra. A total number of 29 compounds were relevant to discriminate between wt and HD plasma samples, as well as to follow‐up the HD progression. The intracellular signaling was found to be the most affected metabolic pathway in HD mice after 12 weeks of birth, when mice already showed motor coordination deficiencies and cognitive decline. This fact agreed with the atrophy and dysfunction of specific neurons, loss of several types of receptors, and changed expression of neurotransmitters.
Impact of carbon nanotubes on the toxicity of inorganic arsenic [AS(III) and AS(V)] to Daphnia magna: The role of certain arsenic species
Authors: Wang Xinghao , Qu Ruijuan , Allam Ahmed A. , Ajarem Jamaan , Wei Zhongbo , Wang Zuoyao
Published: December 2015

As a type of emerging nanomaterial, hydroxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (OH-MWCNTs) may interact with other pollutants in the aquatic environments and further influence their toxicity, transport, and fate. Thus, evaluation of toxicity to arsenic in the presence of CNTs needs to receive much more attention. The present study was conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of OH-MWCNT-induced arsenic (As[III] and As[V]) toxicity changes in the aquatic organism Daphnia magna at different pH levels. The most toxic species for As(III) and As(V) to D. magna were found to be H2AsO3− and H2AsO4−. It appeared that the pH values were of greatest importance when the biological toxicity of As(III) and As(V) was compared. Furthermore, the effects of OH-MWCNTs on arsenic toxicity to D. magna indicated that the presence of OH-MWCNTs could enhance the toxicity of arsenic. The interactions of arsenic with OH-MWCNTs were further investigated by conducting adsorption experiments. The adsorption capacity of As(V) by OH-MWCNTs was found to be higher than that of As(III). To conclude, adsorption of certain arsenic species onto OH-MWCNTs is crucial for a reliable interpretation of enhanced toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1852–1859. © 2016 SETAC
Plasma cholinesterase activity as a biomarker for quantifying exposure of green sturgeon to carbaryl following applications to control burrowing shrimp in Washington State
Authors: Troiano Alexandra T. , Grue Christian E.
Published: December 2015

Willapa Bay (Washington State, USA) has been 1 of the rare intertidal locations where large-scale pesticide applications occur. Until recently, carbaryl was applied to control burrowing shrimp that decrease commercial oyster productivity. The bay is a critical habitat for green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), an anadromous species listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. However, the hazard that carbaryl poses is unknown. Surrogate seawater-acclimated white sturgeon (A. transmontanus) were exposed to 0 μg L−1, 30 μg L−1, 100 μg L−1, 300 μg L−1, 1000 μg L−1, and 3000 μg L−1 carbaryl for 6 h, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured. Enzyme recovery was measured in an additional cohort exposed to 1000 μg L−1 carbaryl for 6 h. Activity of AChE was reduced (p ≤ 0.001) at concentrations ≥ 100 μg L−1 with recovery in the 1000 μg L−1 cohort by 72 h. Surprisingly, BChE activity was greater than controls at concentrations ≥ 300 μg L−1 (p > 0.05), a finding confirmed in additional fish exposed to 3000 μg L−1 for 6 h (+30%, p < 0.001) with apparent recovery by 48 h. Plasma samples were collected from free-living green sturgeon before and 4 d to 5 d after application of carbaryl in Willapa Bay. Activity of BChE after application was reduced 28% (p < 0.001), indicating exposure to the pesticide. However, the lack of congruence between BChE and AChE activity in captive white sturgeon exposed to carbaryl indicates that further studies are needed to better understand the risk carbaryl exposure poses to green sturgeon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2003–2015. © 2015 SETAC
Reliable cooperative scheme for public safety services in LTE‐A networks
Authors: Munir Daniyal , Gu Jaheon , Hasan Syed Faraz , Chung Min Young
Published: December 2015

In order to enable effective public safety services in challenged environments, 3rd Generation Partnership Program is considering the use of device‐to‐device (D2D) communications. D2D communications can be ideal in various emergency situations where the conventional network services get suspended. We propose a D2D‐based user equipment (UE) relaying process to support the out‐of‐range isolated UEs. The main idea is to allow UEs that have active connections with eNB to exchange data with the isolated UEs over direct D2D links. This paper proposes a mechanism that enables an ordinary UE to serve as a relay for the isolated UEs, considering the D2D link capacity and the relay's radial velocity. We define the complete procedure of establishing a reliable relay link between UEs in public safety environments and analyse its performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive function and disability in late life: an ecological validation of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests among community‐dwelling older adults in South India
Authors: Krishna Murali , Beulah Eunice , Jones Steven , Sundarachari Rajesh , A Saroja , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Karat S. C. , Copeland J. R. M. , Prince Martin , Fall Caroline
Published: December 2015

Background

The 10/66 Dementia Research Group developed and validated a culture and education fair battery of cognitive tests for diagnosis of dementia in population‐based studies in low‐income and middle‐income countries including India.

Aims

This study examined the association between individual domains of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests and ‘disability’ and ‘functional impairment’ in community‐dwelling older adults in South India.

Methods

One hundred twenty‐nine adults aged 60–90 years residing in Karunapura, in the city of Mysore, were interviewed in their own homes. Cognitive functioning was measured by administering the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests that composes of Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI'D' COGSCORE), verbal fluency (VF) and word list memory recall (WLMR). A reliable informant was interviewed to ascertain if the subject's cognitive problems have resulted in functional impairment. Disability was measured by WHO Disability Schedule‐II (DAS).

Results

The women had significantly lower CSI'D' COGSCORE score when compared with men (p = 0.002). The presence of ‘functional impairment’ resulting from cognitive decline was significantly associated with lower scores on VF (p = 0.03), WLMR (p = 0.03) and CSI'D' COGSCOREs (p < 0.01). There was a significant inverse association between WHO DAS II score and WLMR (p = 0.004), VF (0.006) and CSI'D' COGSCORE scores (p ≤ 0.001) even after adjusting for self‐reported ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive airway disease, hypertension and diabetes.

Conclusions

Lower scores on individual domains of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests are associated with higher levels of disability and functional impairment in community‐dwelling older adults. These culture and education fair tests are suitable for use in population‐based research in India. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior, preferences, and willingness to pay for measures aimed at preventing pollution by pharmaceuticals and personal care products in China
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Howley Peter , Boxall Alistair BA , Rudd Murray A
Published: December 2015

The release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into the environment has been held up as a potential threat to ecosystem and human health. Using a custom-designed survey of residents living in Xiamen, China, this paper examines individuals' disposal practices, awareness of the environmental impact of PPCPs, and willingness to pay for measures aimed at reducing the likelihood of PPCPs being released into the environment. The vast majority of respondents report that they dispose of PPCPs through the thrash. The results of a contingent valuation experiment suggest a substantial willingness to pay (WTP) for policy measures aimed at reducing PPCP pollution. Income as well as subjective perceptions relating to overall financial health, expenditure on PPCPs, and overall concern with environmental issues emerged as significant predictors of respondents' WTP. Our results should be of interest to policymakers looking for ways to mitigate the introduction of PPCPs in the environment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:793–800. © 2015 SETAC
Diphtheria Toxin- and GFP-Based Mouse Models of Acquired Hypoparathyroidism and Treatment With a Long-Acting Parathyroid Hormone Analog
Authors: Bi Ruiye , Fan Yi , Lauter Kelly , Hu Jing , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Cradock Jim , Yuan Quan , Gardella Thomas , Mannstadt Michael
Published: December 2015

Hypoparathyroidism (HP) arises most commonly from parathyroid (PT) gland damage associated with neck surgery, and is typically treated with oral calcium and active vitamin D. Such treatment effectively increases levels of serum calcium (sCa), but also brings risk of hypercalciuria and renal damage. There is thus considerable interest in using PTH or PTH analogs to treat HP. To facilitate study of this disease and the assessment of new treatment options, we developed two mouse models of acquired HP, and used them to assess efficacy of PTH(1–34) as well as a long-acting PTH analog (LA-PTH) in regulating blood calcium levels. In one model, we used PTHcre-iDTR mice in which the diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) is selectively expressed in PT glands, such that systemic DT administration selectively ablates parathyroid cells. For the second model, we generated GFP-PT mice in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) is selectively expressed in PT cells, such that parathyroidectomy (PTX) is facilitated by green fluorescence of the PT glands. In the PTHcre-iDTR mice, DT injection (2 × 5 μg/kg, i.p.) resulted in moderate yet consistent reductions in serum PTH and sCa levels. The more severe hypoparathyroid phenotype was observed in GFP-PT mice following GFP-guided PTX surgery. In each model, a single subcutaneous injection of LA-PTH increased sCa levels more effectively and for a longer duration (>24 hours) than did a 10-fold higher dose of PTH(1–34), without causing excessive urinary calcium excretion. These new mouse models thus faithfully replicate two degrees of acquired HP, moderate and severe, and may be useful for assessing potential new modes of therapy. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Titanium With Nanotopography Induces Osteoblast Differentiation by Regulating Endogenous Bone Morphogenetic Protein Expression and Signaling Pathway
Authors: M.S. Castro‐Raucci Larissa , S. Francischini Marcelo , N. Teixeira Lucas , P. Ferraz Emanuela , B. Lopes Helena , T. de Oliveira Paulo , Hassan Mohammad Q. , Rosa Adalberto L. , Beloti Marcio M.
Published: December 2015

We aimed at evaluating the effect of titanium (Ti) with nanotopography (Nano) on the endogenous expression of BMP‐2 and BMP‐4 and the relevance of this process to the nanotopography‐induced osteoblast differentiation. MC3T3‐E1 cells were grown on Nano and machined (Machined) Ti surfaces and the endogenous BMP‐2/4 expression and the effect of BMP receptor BMPR1A silencing in both osteoblast differentiation and expression of genes related to TGF‐β/BMP signaling were evaluated. Nano supported higher BMP‐2 gene and protein expression and upregulated the osteoblast differentiation compared with Machined Ti surface. The BMPR1A silencing inhibited the osteogenic potential induced by Nano Ti surface as indicated by reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and RUNX2 gene expression, RUNX2 protein expression and ALP activity. In addition, the expression of genes related to TGF‐β/BMP signaling was deeply affected by BMPR1A‐silenced cells grown on Nano Ti surface. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that nanotopography induces osteoblast differentiation, at least in part, by upregulating the endogenous production of BMP‐2 and modulating BMP signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1718–1726, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knowledge based response correction method for design of reconfigurable N‐shaped microstrip patch antenna using inverse ANNs
Authors: Aoad Ashrf , Simsek Murat , Aydin Zafer
Published: December 2015

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been often used for engineering design problems. In this work, an inverse model of a reconfigurable N‐shaped microstrip patch antenna which is formed by ANN is considered to find design parameters. For this task, knowledge‐based response correction consists of two steps, which include generating response using multilayer perceptron as a first step and correcting this response using knowledge based methods such as source difference, prior knowledge input, and prior knowledge input with difference as a second step. The proposed antenna has four states of operation controlled by two Positive‐Intrinsic‐Negative (PIN) diodes with ON/OFF states. The two‐step ANN models are inversely trained using the optimum of the resonant frequency parameter as the input and the physical dimensions of the proposed antenna as outputs of the multilayer perceptron. The outputs and, in some methods, the input parameters of the multilayer perceptron are sent as input to the knowledge‐based models while the obtained outputs from the two steps are the results of the new physical dimensions of the redesigned reconfigurable antenna that will be compared and analyzed. This input/output complexity of the proposed reconfigurable antenna allows an accurate and fast inverse model to be developed with less training data. Users may use this antenna and its ANN models to develop new products in the market where any frequency in the operating region can be given to the input to result an appropriate form of the new reconfigurable antenna. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of different washing treatments to mitigate imidacloprid and acetamaprid residues in spinach
Authors: Abdullah  , Randhawa Muhammad Atif , Akhtar Saeed , Mansoor‐ul‐Hassan  , Asghar Ali , Sohaib Muhammad , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Jahangir Muhammad Ahmar
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND

Agricultural crops treated with pesticides retain toxic residues that can cause various health disorders upon consumption. The present research project was designed to assess pesticide residues in contaminated spinach (Spinacia oleracea). The efficiency of chemical solutions (acetic acid, citric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride and sodium carbonate) of different concentrations (% w/v) along with tap water for the dissolution of pesticide residues in spinach was studied. After various dipping treatments (T0–T22) of treated spinach, imidacloprid and acetamaprid residues were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTS

Among the solutions tested, the highest reductions in imidacloprid and acetamaprid residues respectively were 0.92 ± 0.04 mg kg−1 (83%) and 1.42 ± 0.53 mg kg−1 (87%) in treatment T6 (10% acetic acid), followed by 0.79 ± 0.01 mg kg−1 (69%) and 0.86 ± 0.05 mg kg−1 (71%) in treatment T11 (10% citric acid), while the lowest were 0.30 ± 0.02 mg kg−1 (27%) and 0.35 ± 0.02 mg kg−1 (29%) in treatment T20 (4% sodium carbonate). Moreover, treatment T1 (tap water) caused 0.27 ± 0.00 mg kg−1 (23%) and 0.38 ± 05 mg kg−1 (27%) elimination of imidacloprid and acetamaprid residues respectively.

CONCLUSION

From these findings it is inferred that acetic acid and citric acid washing treatments can be used along with tap water to minimize pesticide residues in treated vegetables. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes as a potential tool to differentiate pork from organic and conventional systems
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yang Shuming , Wang Donghua
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND

Isotopic discrimination, dietary composition and feeding regime determine the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of animals. Accordingly, measurement of the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen can be a potential method to identify patterns of pork production.

RESULTS

In the current study, we investigated the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratio in pork from organic and conventional systems. The average carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for various organic tissues, including hair, blood and defatted meat, were higher than those of conventionally raised ones. The discriminant analysis results based on the combination of carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios in defatted meat reached a 100% correct classification. Furthermore, the variation in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of retail organic and conventional pork has been studied over 1 year. The results suggested that organic pork had a higher δ13C value than that of the conventional pork in all but three fortnights. Grouping of the δ15N data showed that the δ15N value in organic pork was higher than that of the conventional one throughout the whole year.

CONCLUSION

The method established in the present study provides a potential detection that can be highly valuable to prevent fraudulent labelling of organic pork. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation Fibrillized Collagen‐Glycosaminoglycan Complex Matrix Using Fibrillogenesis
Authors: Nam Kwangwoo , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kishida Akio
Published: December 2015

In order to replicate the function of the native dermis, we prepared fibrillized collagen‐GAGs complex matrix possessing the similar structure as native dermis structure using collagen re‐arrangement phenomenon in the physiological conditions. For GAGs, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin‐6‐sulfate, and heparin were used. In the process of preparing a collagen‐GAGs complex matrix, the fibrillization of the collagen was observed when hyaluronic acid and chondroitin‐6‐sulfate were mixed together with collagen in the physiological conditions. However, no fibrillization was observed when collagen was mixed with heparin to prepare a collagen‐heparin complex matrix. The swelling ratio and the mechanical strength had changed by the fibrillization, where low water absorption and brittleness was shown for collagen‐heparin complex matrix which is not fibrillized. This study shows that hyaluronic acid and chondroitin‐6‐sulfate contributes to the fibrillization of the collagen while the heparin forms intercalation with collagen molecules preventing fibrillogenesis.
Novel Zwitterionic Hydrogelators Based on l‐Lysine
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Kondo Moemi , Hanabusa Kenji
Published: December 2015

The zwitterionic low‐molecular‐weight gelators based on l‐lysine, which had a sulfobetaine as the zwitterionic terminal group, were synthesized, and their gelation properties were examined. These compounds functioned as a good hydrogelators that form hydrogels in aqueous solutions containing inorganic acids and salts as well as aqueous 1,3‐butanediol and glycerol solutions less than 1 wt%. Furthermore, it was found that the gelation property depended on the chemical structures of alkyl group in the ester and alkylene in the sulfobetaine.
Size‐Dependent Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles in DNA Hydrogels
Authors: Zinchenko Anatoly , Taniguchi Shota , Murata Shizuaki
Published: December 2015

DNA hydrogel was used as a “reactor” to synthesize gold nanoparticles of various sizes. By varying the amount of reducing agent in the reaction between HAuCl4 and NaBH4 in hydrogel it was possible to vary the average size of gold nanoparticles between 2 and 6 nm. Catalytic activity of DNA hybrid hydrogels with embedded gold nanoparticles of various sizes in hydrogenation reaction of nitroaromatic compound was compared and shown to have the maximum values at average size of gold NP ca. 4 nm.
Epoxy Elastomers Modified with Silsesquioxane
Authors: Mossety‐Leszczak Beata , Ostyńska Paulina , Galina Henryk
Published: December 2015

This study aimed at investigating into possible applications of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as fillers of epoxy elastomers. Detailed studies were carried out for octakis[(3‐glycidyloxypropyl) ­dimethylosiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (POSS‐OG). The elastic epoxy materials consisted of diglycidyl ethers of 1,4‐butanediol or 1,6‐hexanediol, crosslinked with polyoxypropylenediamine Jeffamine D2000. The results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), and rheological measurements made it possible to establish the effect of POSS‐OG modifier on the properties of the material. The silsesquioxane modifier was found to enhance the elasticity of the resulting polymers and reduced gelation time.