bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHAT SHOULD BE THE FORM OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE LAWMAKING PROCESS? AN ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFRICAN CASES
Authors: Moses Retselisitsoe Phooko
Published: October 2021

South Africa’s new constitutional democracy places a duty on various legislators to facilitate public participation in the law-making process as mandated by the principles of participatory democracy provided for in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. This has resulted in a series of court cases wherein the electorate, inter alia, challenged the legislation on the basis that the results did not reflect the views of the people. The courts’ earlier jurisprudence seemed to be placing more emphasis on participatory democracy as opposed to representative democracy. However, recent court decisions indicate a shift towards representative democracy. The central question presented in this paper is whether the consideration of the views of the public by the provincial and national legislatures is merely a matter of procedure, or that those views are indeed considered in the law-making process. In an attempt to answer this question, the paper will evaluate and critique some of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal decisions on public involvement in either the legislative or law-making process. The argument presented in this discourse is that, if the public’s wishes are considered by the legislature, then the outcome would be influenced by the people’s demands. An otherwise negative outcome shows that public participation in the law-making process is a procedural matter and has no substantive value.
RELATIVE BARGAINING STRENGTH AND ILLEGALITY Uniting Reformed Church, De Doorns v President of the Republic of South Africa 2013 (5) SA 205 (WCC)
Authors: Robert Sharrock
Published: October 2021

The South African courts have recognized that the relative situation of contracting parties when concluding the contract – the strength of their bargaining positions relative to each other – is a relevant factor when determining whether a particular provision in the contract (or the contract as a whole) is contrary to public policy. However, there are relatively few cases in which the court has actually relied upon inequality of bargaining power as a ground for holding that a contractual provision is illegal. In Uniting Reformed Church, De Doorns v President of the Republic of South Africa (2013 (5) SA 205 (WCC) (the “URC case”)), Zondi J held that one of the reasons why a clause common to certain notarial leases was contrary to public policy was because the contractants had not occupied equal bargaining positions when entering into the leases. Whether or not one fully agrees with the judge’s reasoning, the decision underscores the importance of understanding what is meant by relative bargaining strength and how and when it affects the lawfulness of a contract.
Alexander multifrons. Tanulmányok a 90 éves Dörnyei Sándor tiszteletére. Szerk.: Perger Péter. Budapest, 2016. Argumentum Kiadó – Országos Széchényi Könyvtár /A Magyar Könyvszemle és a MOKKA-R Egyesület füzetei 8./ 213 l.
Authors: Zvara Edina
Published: October 2021

Alexander multifrons, Tanulmányok a 90 éves Dörnyei Sándor tiszteletére, Szerk. Perger Péter Budapest, Argumentum Kiadó, Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, 2016 (A Magyar Könyvszemle és a MOKKA-R Egyesület füzetei, 8), 213 p.
A Qualitative Study among Self-Identified Perfectionists and Procrastinators in Academic Tasks
Authors: SALTÜRK Aylin
Published: October 2021

One of the elements constituting the globally growing interest in perfectionism and procrastination is today’s education systems. In this study, which employed phenomenological model as one of the qualitative research methods, it was aimed to identify the motives for the perfectionism and procrastination of Science High School students within the framework of their own experiences and to determine what they need to overcome them. The data obtained through semi-structured interviews with 21 students selected by purposive sampling method were subjected to content analysis. In the analysis, a multidimensional perspective was adopted without considering a particular theoretical perspective on perfectionism and procrastination. As a result of the data analysis, it was seen that in addition to the standards the students determined for themselves, others' expectations were also among the motives of the students for perfectionism in academic tasks. Students need to overcome their fears of failure, get rid of academic procrastination and social support mechanisms with a view to coping with this situation. In addition, students procrastinate academic tasks due to the nature of the task, motivational problems, inadequacies in self-regulation skills, and fear of failure or fear of fail to be perfect. In order to cope with procrastination behaviors, they need to learn a number of both behavioral and cognitive regulations and increase their motivations.
EVALUATION OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS THAT ADMITTED TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN
Authors: KAVAK Nezih , KAVALCI Cemil
Published: October 2021

Objective

The goal of the study is to investigate demographic

findings, clinical characteristics, radiological

examination methods, and mortality rate of geriatric

patients (aged 65 and above) with non-traumatic acute

abdominal pain, that were admitted to the emergency

department (ED).

Materials and Methods

2253 patients included in the study were divided by age

as patients aged 65 to 74 years and patients aged 75

years and above. Gender, comorbidity, concomitant

complaints examination findings (tenderness defense,

rebound), radiological examination methods (radiography,

ultrasonography, and computed tomography),

diagnoses, treatments (medical, surgical), discharge,

and mortality rate were compared between these

patients.

Results

Of the patients, 62.3% were female, and the mean

age was 72.2±5.1 years (65-88). While 59.4% of

the patients were in the 65–74 age group, 40.6% of

them were aged 75 years and above. Hypertension,

diabetes mellitus, dementia/Alzheimer's disease,

atrial fibrillation were significantly higher in the aged

65 to 74 years patients (p
Levantamento em bases de dadospara Revisões Sistemáticas e Quantitativas da Literatura (RSQL) v1
Authors: Vartanian Daniel
Published: October 2021

Este protocolo foi criado para o programa de Revisões Sistemáticas e Quantitativas da Literatura (RSQL) científica do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (GIPSO), mas ele pode ser utilizado por qualquer um que queira realizar uma RSQL. O programa foi criado para que novos ingressantes do GIPSO possam dar um pontapé inicial em uma carreira acadêmica na cronobiologia. Saiba mais no protocolo abaixo. Para dúvidas ou sugestões, entre em contato em gipso@usp.br.
Notes on Salvia baldshuanica (Lamiaceae), an endemic species from Middle Asia
Authors:   Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Turdiboev Obidjon A. , Baikova Elena V. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Akbarov Feruz ,   Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Baikov Konstantin S. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS
Published: October 2021

We present a critical revision of information about rare and endangered endemic species Salvia baldshuanica (Lamiaceae), included in the Red Books of the USSR and Tajikistan. As the nomenclatural type had been missing, we assembled information on the original herbarium material performed a proper typification of the species name. A chorological analysis of the species distribution in Middle Asia was carried out. To assess the state of the current natural populations, a topographic mapping of localities (Sanglok mountains, two isolated local populations; Sarsaryak ridge, one local population) was made. A narrow edaphic confinement of plants of this species to gypsum-bearing mountain soils has been established. A taxonomic assessment of the key morphological traits of S. baldshuanica confirmed at least the sectional level of its position within the subgenus Leonia. The species was found in nature only three times – in 1883, 1937 and 1979, which confirms its exceptional rarity and high scientific interest.
Does University Effect Gender Perceptions of Teacher Candidates in Turkey?: Reasons and Implications
Authors: Taşkın Pelin , Nayir Funda
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of teacher candidates about gender perception according to gender, university and department variables. Survey model was used to reveal the current situation in the research. The study group consisted of 269 teacher candidates who are studying three different universities in Turkey. In the 2018-2019 academic year. The data of the study were collected using the “gender perception scale”, which consists of expressions about gender roles for women and men and developed by Altınova and Duyan (2013). According to the research findings, the gender variable has a high effect on the participants' perception of gender, and women's gender perception is more positive. The university variable has a medium effect on gender perception. The pre-service teachers' perception about gender is higher in the university, the foundation year of which is older. The variable of department has a low effect on gender perception. Based on the finding of the effect of the university variable that emerged in this research, gender equality index can be examined for all universities
Teaching to Get Nurses an Midwives Empowering Women: Nursing Students’ Perceptions on Professional´s Roles during Perinatal Care
Authors: Martin-Bellido Carmen , Martin-Fiscal Francisco J. , Morano-Gomez Francisco J. , González-Sanz Juan Diego
Published: October 2021

Female empowerment is a key concept in the current healthcare environment, especially in perinatal care. The educational process offered by universities to train future nurses and midwives has a great influence on their professional attitude and performance. To be able to educate in a way that encourages empowerment, it is essential for higher education institutions to know the starting point relating to students’ opinions on the subject. It was conducted a cross-sectional descriptive observational study, at the University of Huelva. It used a self-developed, semi-structured questionnaire, previously validated, to gather quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 117 nursing student were surveyed. Participants consider that general nurses supplement the work of the midwife and acts as a facilitator for the process of women’s empowerment in the perinatal period. They believe that the midwife is the professional figure of reference and the one in which they place greater trust. Improvement proposals for both types of professionals are based on improving training and resources. To encourage the development of the profession and improve the quality of care, it is essential to introduce features related to women’s empowerment in the undergraduate training of future nurses and midwives.
Digital inclusion of businesswomen and women entrepreneurs through social networks in the informal environment
Authors: Gutiérrez-Esteban Prudencia , Rodríguez-Miranda Francisco de Paula , Cubo-Delgado Sixto , Hernández-Rincón María Lourdes
Published: October 2021

With the diffusion of Web 2.0, opportunities for collaboration, participation and training in the professional environment have widened. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of family set-up on the use of social networks by entrepreneurial women and businesswomen.Epistemologically, the study is based on the logical positivism and the hypothetical-deductive method. From a methodological point of view, this research is quantitative and presents a descriptive design.The participants in the study are woman from Extremadura and Andalucia (Spain), 477 entrepreneurs and 126 businesswomen. The forms of use of social networks by businesswomen and women entrepreneurs varies according to age-group. However, the age does not appear to have any impact on the places where social networks are used.The results lead us to believe that, in order to attain equality in the domain of digital inclusion, it is necessary to set up formal digital training to increase their digital presence and participation.
El Desigual Reparto del Trabajo Doméstico Antes y Durante la Pandemia
Authors: Sanz Tolosana Elvira , Pérez Esain Ernesto
Published: October 2021

El confinamiento establecido por decreto a causa de la crisis del coronovirus supuso que los hogares españoles tuvieran que afrontar un incremento de las tareas domésticas en un escenario inédito. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo ha sido el reparto del quehacer doméstico en familias biparentales de género opuesto. Asimismo, se estudia el papel del teletrabajo en aquellos hogares en los que se acogieron a esta modalidad. Para ello, se han utilizado los Barómetros realizados para el Parlamento Foral de Navarra en 2019 y 2020 lo que nos va a permitir comparar dicho reparto, antes y durante la pandemia. Los resultados muestran la desigualdad de género en ambos períodos y apuntan a una mayor polarización social en los hogares. El teletrabajo no ha supuesto un reparto más equitativo.
ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY: FACTOR APPROACHES
Authors: Filipenko Anton
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The article focuses on economic productivity and have stressed the theory of marginal utility (productivity). In modern researches such aggregate indicators as a total factor productivity and a multifactor productivity prevail. Total Factor Productivity is measured by combining the effects of all there sources used in the production of goods and services (labour, capital, materials, energy, etc.) and dividing it into the output. Multifactor productivity (MFP) is the ratio of total output to a subset of inputs. A subset of inputs might consist of only labour and materials or it could include capital. MFP is the residual contribution to output growth of an industry or economy after calculating the contribution from all its factor inputs. The OECD methodology examines key single-factor (aggregated) indicators of labour and capital productivity, considering total output and costs and, most importantly, the value added, which reflects the real increase in the welfare of the nation.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy of airways problems and prospects
Authors: Averyanov Alexander V. , Danilevskaya Olesya V. , Sazonov Dmitry V. , Kuzovlev Oleg P. , Zabozlaev Fedor G. , Sotnikova Anna G.
Published: October 2021

We have described the principle and method of confocal laser endomicroscopy using the system Cellvizio lung probe Alveoflex (Mauna Kea Technologies, France) to study the distal lower respiratory tract in real time. Acynoscopy has been performed in 25 patients aged from 24 to 75 years with different lung pathology. The problems associated with using of this technology and its potential practical applications are discussed.
Effects of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in experimental treatment of pulmonary emphysema
Authors: Averyanov A. , Kuzovlev O. , Kulagina N. , Konoplyannikov А. G. , Petrov V. , Konoplyannikova О. , Agaeva Е. , Tsyb А. , Bruhovetsky А. , Trusov А. , Voitkovskaya К.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to asses morphologic and morphometric lung tissue changes and peritoneal macrophages activity (MA) after allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) systemic transplantation in acute elastase model of pulmonary emphysema(PE) in rats.

Methods: Forty Wistar rats, 3-months old, were randomized into 4 groups. Control group (1 group) was injected intratracheally 0,4 ml of normal saline, other animals (2-4 groups) received one intratracheal injection of 20 units (U) porcine pancreatic elastase in 0,4 ml of saline. Next day (3 group) and 7 day (4 group) rats were intravenously injected 2 x 106 autologous MSCs in 0,5 ml of saline. 2 group was used as emphysema control. Before euthanizing at the 21* day rats were undergone peritoneal lavage with analysis of hemi-luminescent macrophages activity in the obtained fluid.

Results: the lungs of 2-4 groups had various degrees of PE. The width of alveolar ducts (VAD) in group 2 experimental emphysema increased by 231% versus the control group. The transplantation of MSCs in a day after elastase decreased VAD by an average of 50.3% compared to the control of experimental emphysema. In animals MSCs injected at the 7th day of study, this sizes decreased more greater - by 64,5%, but was higher by 40.7% compared to the first control group. Another quantitative measure of PE - alveolar index - was significantly increased by 149% in group 2 compared to control. The transplantation of MSCs at 1st and 7th day of experiment leaded to alveolar index decreasing, respectively on 163.4 and 237% . The peak Index of hemi-luminescent macrophages activity (Mv/106 cells) was 28,8+1,1 (1 group), 57,3 +1,3 (2 group), 35,8+1,6 (3 group), 31,9+1,9 (4 group).

Conclusions: our study confirmed the possibility of regenerative lung tissue effect of autologous MSCs intravenous injected in experimental rat models of PE.
Relapsing polychondritis. A case from practice
Authors: Saykovsky R. S. , Babak V. V. , Grigoreva М. А.
Published: October 2021

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare systemic inflammatory disease of cartilage resulting in structure changes of cartilage until its disappearance. The analysis of the present data on pathogenesis, different clinical manifestations and methods of treatment is performed. The own clinical observation of relapsing polychondritis is described.
Algorithm for difficult tracheal intubation
Authors: Molchanov Igor V. , Burov Nikolay E. , Pulina Natalia N. , Cherkavsky Oleg N.
Published: October 2021

The description of intubation problem, its causes, possibilities and predictions is given. The estimation scale can be also seen in the article. As well as the actions of the doctor in case of the intubation and different technical processes for prevention of the fatal case.
Phospholipids particles inhalation in therapy of asthma: randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lisitsa Alexander V. , Averyanov Alexander V. , Sodaeva Svetlana K. , Klimanov Igor A. , Mikhailov Sergey E.
Published: October 2021

The prospective single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study was performed.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of phospholipids' particles inhalation in patients with bronchial asthma. The results obtained demonstrate the statistically significant improvements both in clinical status and lung function tests. No any clinically significant adverse events were registered.
Case history of mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Verkhotin Artem A. , Saykovskiy Roman S. , Lesnyak Viktor N.
Published: October 2021

The literary review on mixed connective tissue disease is given according to modern international data. The case history of this pathology is described. The case has been observed in the rheumatological department of the Federal Research Clinical Center FMBA of Russia.
Cushing's disease. The case hystory
Authors: Sojustova Elena L. , Povarova Оlga J. , Kazantseva Elizaveta E.
Published: October 2021

Cushing's disease - one of rare neuroendocrine disorders which is based on adrenocorticotropin - hormone secreting pituitary adenoma. The article presents information about clinical manifestations, modern methods of topical diagnosis and treatment. The description of own clinical experience is given.
Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Ivanov Yulyi V.
Published: October 2021

The article summarizes up-to-date data of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment conceptions of the stromal tumors of gastrointestinal tract (GIST). Prognostic factors for progression (recurrence or metastasis) for GIST are reported. Special attention is given to immuno-histochemical method of diagnostics and target therapy for these kinds of tumors. We present the case history of successful operation in a patient with giant intestinal stromal tumor of the stomach, sprouting into neighbouring organs and tissues.
Actividad fotoprotectora de una crema con extracto acuoso liofilizado de Lepidium meyenii (MACA) frente a la irradiación ultravioleta en piel de ratones
Authors: Castañeda-Alarcón Malena , Bell-Cortez Carlos , Hidalgo-Ascensios Julio , Moreno-Exebio Luis
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad fotoprotectora de una crema con extracto acuoso liofilizado de maca (ELM) frente a la irradiación ultravioleta (UV) en la piel de ratones. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental en 35 ratones BALB/c. Los tratamientos fueron aplicados por vía tópica en el dorso de los animales y posteriormente irradiados con rayos ultravioleta B, para luego medir el grosor en micras (μm) de muestras histológicas de la piel de los ratones. Se asignaron siete grupos divididos en no irradiado: blanco (G1) e irradiados con luz UV: sin tratamiento (G2); con protector solar comercial con factor de protección solar (FPS) 30 (G3); crema (placebo) (G4); ELM al 15% en agua (G5); ELM al 5% en crema (G6); y ELM al 15% en crema (G7). Se determinó el FPS in vitro, mediante el método de Mansur. Se realizaron las lecturas de las absorbancias en un espectrofotómetro ultravioleta-visible (UV-VIS) y se determinaron los FPS para las siguientes formulaciones: ELM al 5% en crema, benzofenona-4 (BZF-4) y bloqueador solar comercial FPS 30. Resultados: El grosor de piel de ratón en micras (μm) fue de 27,28 en G2; 18,31 en G3; 27,33 en G4; 19,51 en G5 y 18,04 en G6; no hubo diferencia significativa entre el grupo no expuesto a la radiación (G1) y el grupo ELM al 15% en crema (G7), ambos presentaron los menores grosores (12,76 y 14,20 μm, respectivamente). El FPS de ELM al 15% en crema fue 5,480 ± 0,020. Conclusiones: La formulación con ELM en crema presentó actividad fotoprotectora frente a la irradiación UV, los alcaloides fueron los componentes fitoquímicos mayormente encontrados y la formulación fue compatible con el activo (ELM).
QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM GESTANTES EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DO COVID-19
Authors: Abreu Isabella Mota Santos , Rosa Deborah Vendrami Beraldo , Drubi Ana Vitória De Almeida , Agustini Beatriz , Nacif Marcia
Published: October 2021

O novo coronavírus (SARS-COV2), ganhou espaço em âmbito mundial de forma rápida e letal, sendo que os grupos com comorbidades são mais vulneráveis às formas críticas do vírus, pelo fato do risco elevado de morbimortalidade. Para prevenir maiores agravamentos, o Ministério da Saúde classificou as gestantes e puérperas, nas duas semanas após o parto, em grupo de risco da COVID-19. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida de gestantes durante a pandemia do Coronavírus (Covid-19). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com a participação de gestantes durante o período de pandemia do COVID-19. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário on-line na plataforma Google Forms, composto por questões para caracterização das gestantes (idade, idade gestacional, gestação única ou múltipla, alteração da alimentação durante o período gestacional, prática de atividade física e uso de suplementos alimentares) e qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-bref). Foram avaliadas 30 gestantes com idade média de 28 anos (±5,72) e idade gestacional média de 27 semanas. Em relação à alimentação, 73,3% (n=22) das mulheres relataram terem melhorado sua dieta durante o período gestacional e 50% disseram fazer atividades físicas. Verificou-se que a maior parte das gestantes (93,3%) apresentou uma qualidade de vida muito satisfatória. No entanto, sugere-se que novos estudos com amostras maiores, sejam realizados para garantir uma gestação saudável a todas as mulheres durante a pandemia do COVID-19.
USO DA PROGRAMAÇÃO LINEAR INTEIRA NA DESIGNAÇÃO DE ENCARGOS DIDÁTICOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Moreira Ana Paula , Silva Daniele , Filho José Carlos de Moraes
Published: October 2021

A proposta deste trabalho é a apresentação de um modelo de programação linear inteira para o problema de designação de encargos didáticos em uma instituição de ensino superior que maximize as preferências e habilidades dos professores. Para validação e avaliação da eficácia do modelo foi realizado um estudo de caso preliminar no Departamento de Matemática da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Cornélio Procópio. Neste contexto, os resultados obtidos são promissores, com melhoras em índices relacionados à satisfação, habilidade e carga horária docente em comparação com a designação manual adotada pelo departamento e também com outra formulação para o problema apresentada na literatura.
A Reconfigurable Notched Band Monopole Antenna for C-Band Applications
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt, Refaat Samar A. , Mohamed Hesham A. , Abdelhady Abdelhady M. , Mohra Ashraf S.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a wideband monopole antenna with reconfigurable frequency notch through wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.15-5.35GHz and 5.725-5.825GHz) or future wireless fidelity 6GHz (Wi-Fi-6E) (5.925-7.125GHz) band for C-band applications is presented. The conventional/basic monopole antenna consists of four-leaf clover antenna structure with cascaded feeder and Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The basic antenna is designed and then simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) readymade software programs. The antenna covering an operational bandwidth extends from 4.2GHz to 9.2GHz while the gain is around 4.0dBi. Two simple resonator conductors are added near the thin feeder of antenna to realize the notched frequency. The rejected frequency within WLAN or Wi-Fi 6E bands is controlled by the resonator conductor lengths, so Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) diodes switches are inserted to achieve the required length for each rejected band. Finally, each of the basic antenna and the proposed notched antenna are fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in good agreements with the simulated results of CST and HFSS, providing good antenna performance and sharp notches with good rejection values.
Joint Cryptography and Channel-Coding Based on Low-Density Parity-Check Codes and Advanced Encryption Standard for 5G Systems
Authors:   Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) hosted at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT)/Electrical Engineering (Telecom), Nairobi, Kenya, Coulibaly Lasseni , Ouallouche Fethi , Oduol Vitalice
Published: October 2021

Security and reliability issues have always been a big challenge in digital communications. With the emerging 5G technologies, new requirements are introduced where latency reduction is one of the most important. In this paper, a joint security and reliability method is proposed to fulfil both requirements in a single step with reduced computational complexity that leads to reduced latency for 5G communication systems. Based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptosystem and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes, the proposed method processes encryption and encoding at the same time. MATLAB simulation results show that the proposed method performs better compared to the previous conventional methods where encoding is done after encryption.
A study of efficacy of ‘rota virus vaccination’ on morbidity due to rotavirus diarrhoea in children aged 6 months to 5 years
Authors: Agrawal Shreya , Ugra Deepak
Published: October 2021

Background: Rotavirus diarrhoea was the most common cause of mortality due to diarrhoea among children under 5 years of age. Deaths due to diarrhoea is one of important health issue that needs to be addressed due to high morbidity and mortality associated with it. Rotavirus is recognized as the major cause of hospitalizations among children and it is clear that improvements in hygiene and sanitation alone are not sufficient       to decrease the cases. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of rotavirus vaccine on morbidity amongst vaccinated and unvaccinated children.Methods: Our study include 40 patients diagnosed with diarrhoea, with stool report positive for rotavirus, with varying degree of dehydration coming to Lilavati Hospital in outpatient department, pediatric ward or pediatric intensive care unit.Results: Out of 40 children, 77.5% of the children vaccinated. We observed the rate of hospitalization was higher 77.8% i.e. 7/9 in the group of unvaccinated children than 45.2% i.e. 14/31 in group of vaccinated children. We found significant difference in the degree of dehydration in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. We found that nearly half of the children in vaccinated group did not have signs of dehydration (belongs to no dehydration category as per World Health Organization scale), while more than 88% of the children in unvaccinated group had some (66.7%) to severe (22.2%) degree of dehydration.Conclusions: Our study concludes that vaccination against rotavirus significantly reduce the morbidity associated with rotavirus diarrhoea as compared to unvaccinated children.
Clinico-etiological profile of first episode of seizure and its correlation with electroencephalogram in children aged 2 months to 18 years
Authors: Muniswamappa Jaishree Krishnappa , Rudrappa Sudha , Patagar Pratibha Manjunath
Published: October 2021

Background: Seizure is one of the commonest neurological illnesses. About 4-10% of children experience at least one episode in the first 16 years of life. Approximately 30% of children who experience, first afebrile seizure later develop epilepsy. Risk is approximately 20% if neurological examination, electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuroimaging is normal. The objective of the study is to determine the age of onset, etiology of first episode of seizure in children between the age group of 2 months to 18 years and the pattern of EEG changes in the above group of children.Methods: In a prospective single centre observational study at Cheluvamba tertiary care hospital in Mysore, around 80 children who were admitted with first episode of afebrile seizure to our emergency department between October-2020 to July-2021 (10 months) were studied. Seizures defined using international league against epilepsy (ILAE) and EEG was done for all 80 children and their records were analysed.Results: A total of 80 children presenting with first episode of seizure were included in the study. Toddlers represented the major portion of our study with male gender predominance.  Idiopathic seizure was the most common etiology identified (81.2%), followed by meningitis (7.5%). EEG abnormality was seen in 58.7% of the children which was statistically significant (p<0.05). MRI was done in 72.5% of the children, of which abnormality was seen in only 8.6% of the children.Conclusions: Seizure is mainly diagnosed clinically and EEG can be normal in many children. First episode of seizure is common in the age group of 1-3 years. Normal EEG at present may not indicate the non-recurrence in future. Though EEG interpretation is useful, treatment can be started based on clinical diagnosis and has to be individualized.
Association of infant and young child feeding practices and acute lower respiratory infections
Authors: Varghese Bibin , Gosai Mehul M. , Patel Asha V. , Patel Akash
Published: October 2021

Background: Suboptimal maternal–child nutrition leading to malnutrition is the major cause increasing morbidity and mortality from severe acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among under two children. This research compares the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in children with ALRI and children coming for routine immunization to find out the independent risk factors.Methods: The study was a hospital-based case control study. Infant and young children from 6 months to two years with ALRI admitted to the pediatric ward were studied as cases. Infant and young children of same age coming for routine immunization to the pediatric immunization clinic were studied as controls. Feeding patterns, socio-demographic, environmental and parenting factors were obtained from them in between May 2019 to April 2020.Results: Mixed feeding till 6 months (adjusted OR=34.191; 95% CI, 2.158–541.801; p=0.012), early initiation of complimentary feeding (AOR=30.389; 95% CI, 1.426–647.603; p=0.029), late initiation of complimentary feeding (AOR=28.696; 95% CI, 1.217–676.566; p=0.037) and inadequate amount of complimentary feeding (AOR=14.406; 95% CI, 1.898–109.371; p=0.010) were significant in multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Interventions to increase awareness of breastfeeding and complimentary feeding practices seldom reach lower sections of the society. Feeding visits, mother support groups and community projects to provide home based counselling on IYCF are needed to improve the situation.
A meta-analysis of case-reports and case-series of dacrystic epilepsy in children and adolescence
Authors: Raybarman Chandan
Published: October 2021

This meta-analysis aimed to advance our knowledge about dacrystic epilepsy in children in the present time. PubMed searches for peer-reviewed case reports and case series were conducted using the keywords “dacrystic epilepsy”, “dacrystic seizures”, “crying epilepsy”, “ictal crying”, “crying seizures”. The databases were developed in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The author collected relevant information to characterise the study population including clinical outcome. Eleven studies out of 353 citations between 1998 and 26 May 2021 met the inclusion criteria, including both single cases and series pertaining to dacrystic epilepsy. Eight case reports and three case series were eligible for this meta-analysis and included twenty one cases. The seizure patterns were dacrystic seizures alone in seven cases (33%), and a combination of dacrystic seizures and gelastic seizures in fourteen cases (67%). Neuroimaging revealed structural abnormality in 95% cases. Hypothalamic hamartoma was found in most of the cases (79%) with combined dacrystic seizures and gelastic seizures, whereas it was found in one case (16%) with dacrystic seizures alone. The other underlying lesions in children with dacrystic seizures alone were subependymal nodules and cortical hamartomas (17%), left mesial temporal sclerosis (33%), and cortical dysplasia (17%). Regarding outcome, antiepileptic drugs alone achieved seizure freedom in four cases (22%) only and others (78%) were difficult to treat cases excluding three cases where treatments were not mentioned. Six cases underwent surgical intervention and two cases received ablative radiotherapy. Lesional dacrystic epilepsy is predominant and pharmaco-resistant in children. However, antiepileptic drugs lead to achieving seizure remission in few cases.
Earthquake ground deformation using DInSAR analysis and instrumental seismicity: The 2019 M 6.0 Mesetas Earthquake, Meta, Colombian Andes
Authors: Noriega-Londoño Santiago , Bermúdez Mauricio A. , Restrepo-Moreno Sergio Andrés , Marín-Cerón María Isabel , García-Delgado Helbert
Published: October 2021

In this contribution, DInSAR analysis, seismic/brittle strain rates, and seismic uplift estimations were used to evaluate ground deformation patterns of the 24 December 2019 Mw 5.8 Mesetas Earthquake that occurred in the Mesetas municipality (Meta, Colombia), on the eastern foothills of Colombian’s Eastern Cordillera, near the Serranía de la Macarena. According to the focal mechanisms computed for this earthquake, the right-lateral Algeciras Fault System was responsible for the rupture event. Primary and secondary SAR images from December 18/2019 and 30/2019, respectively, were used to calculate coseismic ground deformation of the study area. Geocoded line-of-sight (LOS) displacement image suggests that major ground deformation was on the order of 0.2 m for the 24 December discrete seismic event, while the accumulated seismic contribution to surface uplift during 1993 to 2020 reached values of ca. 0.14 m/yr. In contrast, seismic/brittle strain rates and seismic uplift estimations show that this part of South America is currently experiencing deformation at a rate of 4.1×10-16 ± 1.7×10-17s-1 and uplift at a rate of 81.5 ± 3.4 m/Ma during 2018-2020, whereas the deformation was 0.1×10-16 ± 0.2 ×10-17s-1 at a rate of 2.2 ± 0.5 m/Ma between 1993-2018.
Discriminación de la relación precipitación-tectónica como agentes modeladores del paisaje en los alrededores del Municipio Guayabetal, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia
Authors: Hernández-Chaparro Daniel R. , Bermúdez Mauricio A. , Hoke Greg , García-Delgado Helbert , Machuca Silvia
Published: October 2021

En el Municipio Guayabetal, flanco oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia se han presentado importantes fenómenos de remoción en masa que afectan las vías de comunicación (km 58 vía Bogotá-Villavicencio). En esta zona, significativas tasas de precipitación y de exhumación son observadas, las cuales pudieron desencadenar estos procesos. En la presente investigación, se analizan las interacciones entre precipitación y tectónica como procesos controladores del relieve actual. Se compilaron edades termocronológicas existentes, y se generó un modelo termocinemático directo 3D para estimar los pulsos y las tasas de exhumación. Los resultados de este último sugieren 3 pulsos de exhumación: el primero entre 40 Ma - 25 Ma a una tasa de exhumación de 0.5 km/Ma, seguido de un pulso entre 25 Ma - 15 Ma con una tasa de 0.1 km/Ma, y finalmente, desde 15 Ma al presente tasas de ~2 km/Ma. Adicionalmente, modelos de elevación digital, datos de precipitación y sismológicos fueron utilizados para estimar atributos primarios y secundarios del terreno, así como: deformación sísmica, energía sísmica y levantamiento vertical por deformación sísmica. Las distintas variables fueron comparadas estadísticamente. Se concluye que el paisaje actual de la zona no es afectado uniformemente por la tectónica y las precipitaciones. En el noroccidente del área existen bajas tasas de erosión y actividad tectónica, así la evolución del paisaje es más pasiva, y el relieve es controlado por el patrón de precipitaciones. En contraste, hacia el suroriente específicamente entre el macizo de Quetame y el piedemonte llanero, el relieve es controlado por la tectónica presente en el área. El efecto antrópico con las modificaciones al paisaje introducidas por la creación de una vía nacional, aunque es importante, no fue analizado en la presente investigación.
Análisis paleosísmico de la falla El Malpaso - El Salto, norte de Michoacán, México
Authors: Soria-Caballero Diana Cinthia , Gómez-Calderón Daniel Alberto , Garduño-Monroy Víctor Hugo
Published: October 2021

La falla El Malpaso-El Salto es una estructura con geometría en échelon, compuesta por seis segmentos principales que combinados alcanzan una longitud total de 28 km y que pertenece a la porción occidental del Sistema de Fallas Morelia-Acambay. Esta falla afecta unidades geológicas de edades variables, desde 18 Ma en la zona sur del lago de Cuitzeo hasta 1.5 Ma en la región norte del Complejo Volcánico del Tzirate. La expresión de esta falla en el paisaje y la reciente ocurrencia de sismos de magnitud moderada en la zona indican que puede tener actividad tectónica importante. El análisis paleosísmico preliminar realizado en este trabajo permitió estimar que la falla El Malpaso-El Salto presenta tasas de deslizamiento a largo plazo (slip rate geológico) de 0.086 ± 0.015 mm/año, con períodos de recurrencia de 10021 ± 1221 años, produciendo desplazamientos verticales por evento de entre 80 y 100 cm. De acuerdo a las relaciones empíricas resueltas para esta falla, si sufriera una ruptura en la totalidad de su longitud, tendría la capacidad de producir eventos con magnitudes máximas MW en el rango de 6.6 a 7.3, lo cual es similar a las magnitudes máximas reportadas para otras fallas del Sistema de Fallas Morelia-Acambay. En la zona, la falla El Malpaso-El Salto posee características geométricas, dimensiones, dirección, tipo de movimiento y potencialidad muy similares a las de una falla paralela ubicada a menos de 3 km al sureste y que es conocida como la falla La Alberca-Teremendo. Ambas fallas tienen una orientación favorable respecto al campo de esfuerzos actual (extensión NO-SE) y sus geometrías lístricas sugieren que podrían interaccionar entre ellas durante un evento de ruptura, modificando las estimaciones de recurrencia y magnitud máxima esperada. Las interacciones entre fallas incrementan la peligrosidad del sistema, por lo que su estudio es especialmente importante para las evaluaciones de riesgo sísmico del centro de México. En el sector oeste del Sistema de Fallas Morelia-Acambay son necesarios más estudios para refinar las estimaciones de actividad de las fallas y comprender su comportamiento conjunto.
"Em defesa das missões da PM/SP, indefiro": análise da transparência nas normativas sobre o uso da força em protestos
Authors: Zoccal Mariana Pinto
Published: October 2021

Com a edição da Lei de Acesso à Informação (Lei 12.527/11), buscou-se facilitar a solicitação de dados relacionados à atuação de órgãos públicos no Brasil. Ao traçar como princípios a transparência e a publicidade das informações, o sigilo foi adotado como exceção, podendo ser invocado apenas contra informações consideradas imprescindíveis à segurança da sociedade e do Estado. Após as manifestações de junho de 2013, observa-se o recrudescimento da atividade policial na cobertura de protestos. E no tocante aos protocolos e manuais que fornecem diretrizes sobre como deve se dar uma atuação policial considerada adequada, subsiste uma verdadeira “cultura do sigilo” que impede que a sociedade civil realize o controle social da atuação dos agentes públicos. Nesse contexto, buscando conhecer tais documentos, realizamos pedido amparado na Lei 12.527/11 de acesso às normativas da PM/SP na cobertura ostensiva de protestos e em operações denominadas como de “controle de distúrbios civis”. Nesse trabalho buscaremos investigar, por meio do estudo dessa solicitação, quais dispositivos legais e justificativas foram mobilizadas pela polícia para indeferir o acesso aos documentos que disciplinam o uso da força. O trabalho insere-se na vertente de pesquisa jurídico-sociológica e adota o raciocínio metodológico predominantemente dedutivo, com a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Lukács, Kelsen e o direito: o fenômeno jurídico entre o epistemologismo e a ontologia
Authors: Peigo Romão Bruno , Osorio da Silva Mauro
Published: October 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo confrontar a tradição epistemológica-normativista do direito endossada por Hans Kelsen, presente em Teoria Pura do Direito, com a análise jurídica ontológica-marxista de Gyorgy Lukács, encontrada em seu Para uma ontologia do ser social, especificamente no que dizem sobre o fundamento do fenômeno jurídico. Busca-se aqui delimitar, analisar e comparar os diferentes resultados alcançados a partir destas abordagens diametralmente opostas. O método de pesquisa utilizado é o de revisão sistemática de literatura selecionada, enquanto o referencial teórico a dar suporte a esta pesquisa é o marxista. Constata-se que a abordagem kelseniana cessa suas possibilidades de questionamento nos limites do normativismo jurídico, ao passo que a perspectiva ontológica-marxiana de Lukács é capaz de fornecer três novos níveis de concreção à conceituação do direito. Com isto, conclui-se que, em relação a Kelsen, Lukács consegue ir além ao delinear a gênese histórica, a legalidade específica e as perspectivas de fenecimento do direito.
A gestão de documentos no desaparecimento dos presos: a prática burocrática como violência
Authors: Prando Camila Cardoso de Mello
Published: October 2021

Neste texto analiso o caso dos presos desaparecidos da Penitenciária de Alcaçuz (RN), em 2017. Para tanto, sigo a comunicação oficial entre o Mecanismo Nacional de Prevenção e Combate à Tortura (MNPCT) e as instituições estatais no Rio Grande do Norte (Ministério Público estadual, Poder Judiciário estadual e órgãos do Poder Executivo) ocorridas entre janeiro de 2017 e novembro de 2018. Pretendo compreender de que modo a prática burocrática disputa a nomeação do fenômeno do desaparecimento de presos como causa pública e como produz a gestão dos desaparecimentos. Inspirada pela etnografia de documentos, levo em conta os documentos em seu tempo, forma, estética e conteúdo.
Estrangeiros residentes: Uma filosofia da migração (Resenha)
Authors: De Souza e Silva Ariadne Celinne E , Costa de Souza e Silva Celeida Maria
Published: October 2021

Esta resenha tem como objeto o livro Estrangeiros residentes: Uma filosofia da migração de Donatella Di Cesare.  A autora é filósofa e professora na Universidade de Roma La Sapienza. A obra é atual e recém-lançada no Brasil, com versão em português publicada em 16 de novembro de 2020 pela editora Âyiné. Neste livro, a autora convida-nos a (re)pensar conceitos utilizados nos estudos das migrações internacionais como Estado, fronteira, soberania, estrangeiro e as mudanças que permeiam o debate do tema, delineando uma filosofia da migração.
O ativismo judicial em face da judicialização do ato que proibiu o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em bares e similares no contexto da pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves , Teixeira Rafael Rocha , Santos Henrique De Almeida
Published: October 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas adotadas pelo município de Belo Horizonte/MG, as quais foram exteriorizadas por meio de Decretos Municipais, e debruçar-se sobre os autos do processo em que se discute a proibição temporária do consumo de bebida alcoólica nos bares e similares, no contexto da pandemia do COVID-19, levada à apreciação do Poder Judiciário. Isso porque visa elucidar se a intervenção do judiciário nas medidas preventivas adotadas pelo Poder Executivo afeta, ou não, a repartição dos poderes configurando o ativismo judicial, especialmente no que tange à decisão liminar que afastou o Decreto Municipal n.º 17.484/20 para permitir o consumo de bebida alcoólica nos bares e afins. A metodologia consistiu na aplicação do método indutivo, com pesquisa qualitativa e objetivos descritivos e explicativos, bem como utilização de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Concluiu-se que, ao julgar o pedido liminar em sede de mandado de segurança coletivo, o juiz de direito atuou de maneira ativista extrapolando sua competência funcional.
Condições de trabalho em tempos de pandemia: o caso dos tribunais portugueses
Authors: Dias João Paulo , Casaleiro Paula , Lima Teresa Maneca , Gomes Conceição
Published: October 2021

Na sequência da declaração da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) sobre a COVID-19 enquanto emergência de saúde pública global, o sistema judicial português adoptou, no primeiro semestre de 2020, um conjunto de medidas para garantir das condições de segurança e saúde no funcionamento dos tribunais O principal objetivo neste artigo é analisar a adequação das respostas institucionais do sistema judicial português às condições de trabalho nos tribunais, identificando as diferentes medidas tomadas no contexto da pandemia COVID‑19 e os principais impactos no funcionamento dos tribunais.Para tal, procedeu-se à recolha e análise da legislação, orientações e normas publicadas; dos planos de intervenção nos tribunais; de notícias e de artigos de opinião nos meios de comunicação social; e de comunicados de imprensa das associações sindicais e de instituições do sistema judicial. A análise teve em consideração o período pré, durante e após o fim da primeira fase do Estado de Emergência (janeiro a junho de 2020).A análise dos dados recolhidos revelou que as medidas processuais, organizacionais, físicas e tecnológicas de resposta à COVID-19 adotadas foram fortemente condicionadas por fragilidades estruturais do sistema judicial português, exacerbando o impacto dos efeitos desta pandemia no funcionamento dos tribunais portugueses e nas condições de trabalho das profissões judiciais, com consequências especialmente negativas no desempenho funcional dos tribunais, agravando a ineficiência e a morosidade da justiça.