bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity Among Individuals With Physical Disabilities:Findings From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Anderson Melissa L. , Ziedonis Douglas M. , Najavits Lisa M.
Published: March 2014

Co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) affects multiple domains of functioning and presents complex challenges to recovery. Using data from the National Comorbidity Study Replication, a national epidemiological study of mental disorders (weighted N = 4,883), the current study sought to determine the prevalence of PTSD and SUD, the symptom presentation of these disorders, and help‐seeking behaviors in relation to PTSD and SUD among individuals with physical disabilities (weighted n = 491; nondisabled weighted n = 4,392). Results indicated that individuals with physical disabilities exhibited higher rates of PTSD, SUD, and comorbid PTSD/SUD than nondisabled individuals. For example, they were 2.6 times more likely to meet criteria for lifetime PTSD, 1.5 times more likely for lifetime SUD, and 3.6 times more likely for lifetime PTSD/SUD compared to their nondisabled peers. Additionally, individuals with physical disabilities endorsed more recent/severe PTSD symptoms and more lifetime trauma events than nondisabled individuals with an average of 5 different trauma events compared to 3 in the nondisabled group. No significant pattern of differences was noted for SUD symptom presentation, or for receipt of lifetime or past‐year PTSD or SUD treatment. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients: Temporal Evolution, Predictors, and Mediation
Authors: Pérez Sandra , Galdón María José , Andreu Yolanda , Ibáñez Elena , Durá Estrella , Conchado Andrea , Cardeña Etzel
Published: March 2014

This study (N = 102 women) evaluated the time course of posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) at different stages of nonmetastastic cancer diagnosis and treatment: during treatment, at the end of treatment, and at a 6–12 months follow‐up. We also assessed the contribution of demographic, trait, and state predictors to PTSS, and coping processes as proximal mediators of the relation between Type C personality and PTSS. Results indicated that PTSS remained constant across all phases. There were significant correlations (range = .28 to .81) between PTSS and psychosocial variables and age, but not with other sociodemographic or medical factors. A linear growth curve model showed that hopelessness/helplessness (B = 1.45) and Type C personality (B = 1.40) were the best predictors of PTSD symptomatology, followed by trait dissociation (B = 0.55), and the coping strategies of anxious preoccupation (B = 1.20), cognitive avoidance (B = 0.91), and symptoms of acute stress disorder (B = 0.19). A mediation model showed that the coping strategies of anxious preoccupation, cognitive avoidance, and helplessness/hopelessness mediated the relationship between Type C personality and PTSS during treatment, posttreatment, and follow‐up. These results clarify the contribution of different predictors of PTSS and can help develop prevention programs.
Negative Cognitions as a Moderator in the Relationship Between PTSD and Substance Use in a Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescent Sample
Authors: Allwood Maureen A. , Esposito‐Smythers Christianne , Swenson Lance P. , Spirito Anthony
Published: March 2014

Adolescents exposed to trauma are more likely to engage in alcohol and marijuana use compared to their nontrauma‐exposed counterparts; however, little is known about factors that may moderate these associations. This study examined the potential moderating effect of cognitions relevant to exposure to trauma (i.e., negative view of self, world, and future) in the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and substance use among a psychiatric inpatient sample of 188 adolescents. Findings were that PTSD diagnosis was not significantly associated with substance‐use diagnoses, but was associated with substance‐use symptoms, accounting for 2.9% and 9.6% of the variance in alcohol and marijuana symptoms, respectively. The association between PTSD diagnosis and substance use symptoms, however, was moderated by negative cognitions, with PTSD and high negative cognitions (but not low negative cognitions) being significantly positively associated with substance use symptoms. The relevant cognitions differed for alcohol symptoms and marijuana symptoms. Children and adolescents who experience trauma and PTSD may benefit from early interventions that focus on cognitive processes as one potential moderator in the development of posttrauma substance use.
Efficacy and Safety of Daptomycin in Patients with Renal Impairment: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kullar Ravina , McClellan Ian , Geriak Matthew , Sakoulas George
Published: March 2014

Study Objective

Daptomycin is a therapeutic option for patients with underlying renal insufficiency who are vulnerable to nephrotoxicity from vancomycin. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of daptomycin in patients with renal impairment.

Design

Multicenter, retrospective, observational, case series analysis.

Setting

Two academic medical centers.

Patients

One hundred and sixty adults with creatinine clearance (Clcr) of 50 ml/minute or less who received daptomycin for at least 72 hours for complicated Gram‐positive infections from 2008–2011.

Measurements and Main Methods

Clinical and microbiologic outcomes were assessed at the end of daptomycin therapy. Safety evaluations were documented for all patients, and when available, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were recorded. Thirty‐eight (23.8%) patients were on hemodialysis, and 122 (76.3%) had a decreased baseline renal clearance not requiring hemodialysis with a median interquartile range (IQR) Clcr of 32.4 ml/minute (24.2–40.4 ml/min). The median (IQR) daptomycin dose was 6.0 mg/kg (5.8–7.8 mg/kg) administered every 24 hours in 68 patients (42.5%) and every 48 hours in 92 patients (57.5%). Daptomycin success, including cure or improvement, (Cure: signs and symptoms resolved and no additional antibiotic therapy required, or infection cleared with negative cultures reported at the end of daptomycin therapy; Improvement: partial resolution of signs and symptoms and additional antibiotic therapy necessary at the end of daptomycin therapy) was achieved in 128 of 160 (80.0%) patients at the end of therapy. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the most common pathogen (45%) isolated. The most frequent reason for using daptomycin was due to vancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity (20%). Daptomycin therapy was discontinued in six patients (3.8%) because of elevated CPK (median time to onset, 11.5 days). Loss of daptomycin susceptibility occurred in two patients with complex endovascular infections who were on hemodialysis.

Conclusions

Daptomycin demonstrated clinical and microbiologic success rates comparable with prior studies. Discontinuation of therapy because of elevated CPK levels may have been avoided in some patients with adjustment to every 48‐hour dosing for Clcr less than 30 ml/minute. The relatively early time to onset suggests the need for CPK monitoring more frequently than once/week in renally impaired patients receiving daptomycin. The treatment of bacteremia in patients with renal insufficiency warrants further study.
Microwave‐assisted one‐pot copolymerization of cyclic monomers and ethyl diazoacetate
Authors: Xiao Longqiang , Li Yan , Jia Xiangxiang , Liao Liqiong , Liu Lijian
Published: March 2014

The present contribution describes an innovation in the copolymerization of cyclic monomers, ε‐caprolactam (ε‐CL) and 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC), with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA). The characterizations of the obtained copolymers, poly(EA‐ran‐EDA‐ran‐ε‐CL) and poly(EA‐ran‐EDA‐ran‐DTC) (where EA refers to the ethyl acetate group from EDA after nitrogen release), were performed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies and size exclusion chromatography. Under optimized conditions, the copolymer of ε‐CL with EDA possessing a number‐average molar mass (Mn) of 1300 g mol−1 and dispersity of 2.12 as well as that of DTC with EDA with Mn of 8000 g mol−1 and dispersity of 1.47 were obtained. The incorporation of the azo group in the obtained copolymers was determined from the results of elemental analysis (3.30–10.22% nitrogen) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the thermal properties of the obtained copolymers were examined using differential scanning calorimetry. X‐ray diffraction results showed that the synthesized copolymers were amorphous. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Semiconductor nanoparticles for photoinitiation of free radical polymerization in aqueous and organic media
Authors: Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Asiri Abdullah Mohamed , Khan Sher Bahadar , Alamry Khalid A. , Yagci Yusuf
Published: March 2014

Photoinduced free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers by using semiconductor inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated. Zinc oxide and iron‐doped zinc oxide were used as photosensitive compounds to initiate the polymerization of acrylamide as a water‐soluble monomer in aqueous environment and methyl methacrylate as an oil‐soluble monomer in organic media under UV‐light irradiation. The method uses photochemically generated electrons and holes from the NPs to form initiating hydroxyl radicals in aqueous media, while tertiary amines and iodonium salt served as coinitiator in organic media. The initiation mechanism in organic media involves hydrogen abstraction or reduction processes via charge carriers, respectively. The kinetic of the polymerization in both environments was studied by means of a photo‐differential scanning calorimetry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1500–1507
Fair two‐party computation with rational parties holding private types
Authors: Wang Yilei , Wong Duncan S. , Zhao Chuan , Xu Qiuliang
Published: March 2014

Rational secure two‐party computation (RSTPC) applies game theory to cryptographic protocols, where rational parties only care about how to maximize their utilities. Fairness can be achieved by assuming rational behavior in RSTPC. Previous RSTPC protocols achieve fairness under symmetric information, which seems quite strong and unnatural for rational parties. In this paper, we consider a general RSTPC protocol under asymmetric information where previous equilibriums are inadequate to guarantee fairness. Therefore, we propose a stronger equilibrium named computationally sequential equilibrium to guarantee fairness under asymmetric information. Furthermore, our protocol only requires small constant communication rounds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How material properties affect depth profiles – insight from computer modeling
Authors: Paruch Robert J. , Postawa Zbigniew , Garrison Barbara J.
Published: March 2014

A previously developed steady‐state statistical sputtering model (SS‐SSM) is useful for interpretation of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of repetitive bombardment. This method is applicable to computer modeling of depth profiling. In this paper, we demonstrate how the formalism provided by SS‐SSM is used to identify the factors that determine the depth resolution of δ‐layer depth profiling. The analysis is based on MD simulations of repetitive keV C60 bombardment of coinage metal samples. The results show that the primary dependence of the depth profiling quality is on the sample binding energy, with bigger binding energies giving better depth resolution. The effects of sample atom mass and surface opacity are also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inspection of morphology and elemental imaging of single nanoparticles by high‐resolution SEM/EDX in transmission mode
Authors: Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan , Rades Steffi , Unger Wolfgang E. S.
Published: March 2014

In the frame of the European project NanoValid, potential candidates of reference nanomaterials are manufactured and systematically characterized in particular with respect to their morphology (shape, size and size distribution). In this study, by exploiting the transmission operation mode in a high‐resolution SEM, known as transmission SEM, the potential of this methodical approach is demonstrated by means of representative examples of nanoparticles. The method enables quick and accurate morphological inspection and systematic characterization. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy imaging of single nanoparticles by using the transmission mode is demonstrated as feasible, too. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cation‐mediated electrostatic interaction in collagen–integrin complex
Authors: Ansalone P. , Bottauscio O. , Manzin A.
Published: March 2014

The paper investigates the electrostatic interactions between organic scaffolds, made of collagen, and a specific family of integrin proteins. We focus the attention on a triple‐helical collagen peptide able to specifically recognize the transmembrane protein integrin α2β1, usually involved in cell adhesion processes. The study of molecular adhesion is performed via a boundary element code designed to solve the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation. The binding affinity of the two molecular structures is analyzed making reference to the electrostatic complementarity principle. The mediating role of cation Co2+ is also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the thickness and roughness of homogeneous surface layers on spherical and irregular powder particles
Authors: Oikonomou C. , Nikas D. , Hryha E. , Nyborg L.
Published: March 2014

The present study describes the development of a theoretical model for estimating the thickness of homogeneous surface layers on spherical and irregular shaped powder particles using the XPS depth profiling. As opposed to flat surfaces, such an approach for substrates of specific geometry is not straightforward. One needs to consider those geometrical factors associated with the experimental setup and sample's roughness, which impose an angle dependence on the photoelectrons peak intensity, X‐ray flux and ion etch rate over the surface in question in order to evaluate it. The novelty of the current model lies in the introduction of geometrical freedom in connection to the experimental arrangement, which can be tailored to match the needs of contemporary instruments. The model was evaluated experimentally by analyzing the surface oxide layers on metal powder grades of different morphology. Complementary analytical techniques such as high resolution (HR) SEM and focused ion beam (FIB) were used in combination to further characterize the surface layers prior to the XPS investigations. The results reveal that the estimation of the oxide/metal interface from the measured relative metal intensity signal as function of etch depth using the model is in extremely good agreement with the corresponding values from direct measurement of HR SEM on FIB cross‐sectioned powder samples. The model deviates slightly only for the irregular shaped powder, which can be regarded as means for quantification of surface roughness of the material. The model is used as a basis for a computer software that estimates the thickness of surface layers for powdered materials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrodeposition of Zn–Mn coatings from a sulphate bath in the presence of complexing additives
Authors: Wykpis K. , Bierska‐Piech B. , Kubisztal J.
Published: March 2014

The electrolytic Zn–Mn coatings were deposited from a sulphate bath with additions of glycine, cysteine, tryptophan or tyrosine as complexing agents. The surface morphology, chemical and phase composition were investigated involving SEM associated with EDX analysis and XRD. The corrosion resistance of obtained Zn–Mn coatings was investigated. The studies of corrosion resistance were carried out in 5% NaCl solution using the potentiodynamic, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the Scanning Kelvin Probe methods. On the basis of the research, the possibility of deposition of Zn–Mn coatings from the galvanic baths with an addition of amine‐derivatives compounds, that is, glycine, cysteine, tryptophan or tyrosine as complexing agents, was demonstrated. It was stated that the kind of the agents in the galvanic bath determine mainly the surface morphology of Zn–Mn deposits. Thus differences in total and local corrosion resistance of the obtained Zn–Mn coatings have been observed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of local atomic structure of liquid and supercooled Cu, Ni, And Au
Authors: Murin A. , Shabanova I.
Published: March 2014

In the present paper, the results of the molecular‐dynamics simulation of Ni, Cu and Au in liquid and supercooled liquid states are displayed. The potentials of interatomic interaction within the framework of the embedded‐atom method are used to generate realistic atomic configurations. The structural analysis of the cluster structure has been conducted with the use of the bond orientational order parameter. In contrast with previous findings, we take into the account 5d‐metal (Au) and using the same approach for simulation of different liquid metals. It is shown that the local icosahedral order is present, and it enhances at supercooling of the melts of the metals under discussion. The results are insensitive to the model describing interatomic bonds and the size of the system. Such behavior is most general from the topological perspective for d‐metals with close‐packed premelting structure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpretation of electron Rutherford backscattering spectrometry for hydrogen quantification
Authors: Alvarez Rafael , Yubero Francisco
Published: March 2014

In the last few years, several papers have appeared showing the capabilities of electron Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (eRBS) to quantify the H content at surfaces. The basis of the H detection in this technique relies on the difference in recoil energy of the incident electrons depending on the mass of the atoms located at the surface that act as scatter centers. In this paper, we address the interpretation of eRBS spectra of hydrogen containing surfaces. The aim is to compare the naïve single elastic scattering approximation with a more realistic description of eRBS spectra including multiple elastic scattering using the HQ‐eRBS (hydrogen quantification eRBS) software based on a Monte Carlo algorithm. It is concluded that multiple elastic scattering is a significant contribution to experimentally measured eRBS spectra of a polyethylene surface. It induces significant broadening of the distribution of the maximum elastic scattering angle along the electron trajectories contributing to the measured spectra. However, it has weak effect in the energy distribution of the collected electrons (about 10% overestimation of the H content in the particular case of a polyethylene surface with respect to the corresponding ratio of elastic scattering cross sections). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximising the potential for bacterial phenotyping using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry with multivariate analysis and Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wehrli Patrick M. , Lindberg Erika , Angerer Tina B. , Wold Agnes E. , Gottfries Johan , Fletcher John S.
Published: March 2014

The increasing trend towards bacteria becoming resistant to current antibiotic treatments is of great concern to the healthcare industry with severe potential consequences for society as a whole. In many cases, it is the interaction of the antibacterial agent with the targets within the bacterial envelope of the microorganism that is a critical factor. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is uniquely capable of probing the chemistry in this region. This study aimed at optimising sample preparation and data pre‐processing for bacterial analysis with ToF‐SIMS and principal components analysis to study small chemical differences related to changes in bacterial phenotype that will help to find new antibiotics and understand how antibiotics are trafficked in the bacteria. ToF‐SIMS analysis was performed using a J105 instrument equipped with a 40 kV C60+ ion source. Combination of positive and negative ion mode data enhanced the multivariate model quality regarding classification and aided chemical identification particularly when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rethinking New Venture's Cognitive Legitimacy: An Experimental Study
Authors: Li Xueling , Wang Chong , Xu Xiaobo
Published: March 2014

New ventures' legitimacy problems, including cognitive legitimacy, appear to stem from ‘legitimacy threshold’ and ‘the liability of newness’. Based on the legitimacy model proposed by Shepherd and Zacharakis, we extended their cognitive legitimacy from the customer's perspective in this paper. A theoretical framework is proposed to build cognitive legitimacy from new ventures' product, organization, and managers by differentiating customers' positive perception and negative perception. 100 samples were collected in an experimental study to analyze 900 decision values. The findings suggest that a company's cognitive legitimacy is related to both quantity of information and quality of information owned by customers. Specifically, customers' positive cognition will improve cognitive legitimacy, whereas the negative will decrease it. Therefore, cognitive legitimacy includes not only corporate recognition but also corporate reputation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interviewing Herbert Blumer
Authors: Wiley Norbert
Published: March 2014

In March of 1982, I interviewed Blumer about doing field research with Symbolic Interactionist ideas. I was teaching a course on that topic at UC Santa Cruz. After Herb discussed the field work issues, he turned to his biography and early life.
Sustainability of exploited ecologically interdependent species
Authors: Ghosh Bapan , Kar Tapan Kumar , Legović Tarzan
Published: March 2014

This paper examines the application of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) policy in ecosystem and indicates when the ecosystem based fisheries management approach is required for conservation purpose. To describe the possible impacts of applying global MSY policy in an ecosystem, we have considered both specialist and generalist prey–predator models with different fishing efforts. It is found that harvesting both prey and predator species in specialist prey–predator systems, to achieve global maximum sustainable total yield (MSTY) under independent efforts, will cause the extinction of the predator species. In contrast, the global MSTY may exist in a generalist prey–predator system. If global MSTY does not exist, then it is due to the extinction of predator species. Hence, the prey species never goes to extinction under independent efforts and this scenario is quite different from the one found under combined harvesting effort.
Identification and characterization of a novel alkaline α-amylase Amy703 belonging to a new clade from Bacillus pseudofirmus
Authors: Lu Zhenghui , Tian Chaoguang , Li Aiying , Zhang Guimin , Ma Yanhe
Published: March 2014

Alkaline α-amylases are of great interest in desizing processes and detergent industries. Here, an alkaline α-amylase gene amy703 from an alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus strain was cloned and sequenced. Its encoding product, Amy703, might represent a new clade of α-amylase family, because it shared only 35 % highest identity with all amylases characterized up to date and was not clustered into any subfamilies with amylase activity in glycoside hydrolase family 13. Heterologous expression and characterization of Amy703 showed that it is a metalloenzyme with maximal activity at 40 °C and pH 9.0. Its activity was significantly enhanced by 2- and 2.48-fold at the presence of 10 mM Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively, while Hg2+ was a strong inhibitor of Amy703. Amy703 has a higher affinity (K  m = 3.92 mg/ml) for soluble starch compared to many other alkaline amylases. The computer modeling of its structure indicated that Amy703 contains typical amylase domains and a loop region appearing to bind the substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis suggested that a conserved residue Glu550 was essential for the activity of Amy703, and proposed it working together with other two residues to constitute a catalytic triad (Asp521, Glu550, and Asp615).
High-throughput sequencing of amplicons for monitoring yeast biodiversity in must and during alcoholic fermentation
Authors: David Vanessa , Terrat Sébastien , Herzine Khaled , Claisse Olivier , Rousseaux Sandrine , Tourdot-Maréchal Raphaëlle , Masneuf-Pomarede Isabelle , Ranjard Lionel , Alexandre Hervé
Published: March 2014

We compared pyrosequencing technology with the PCR-ITS-RFLP analysis of yeast isolates and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). These methods gave divergent findings for the yeast population. DGGE was unsuitable for the quantification of biodiversity and its use for species detection was limited by the initial abundance of each species. The isolates identified by PCR-ITS-RFLP were not fully representative of the true population. For population dynamics, high-throughput sequencing technology yielded results differing in some respects from those obtained with other approaches. This study demonstrates that 454 pyrosequencing of amplicons is more relevant than other methods for studying the yeast community on grapes and during alcoholic fermentation. Indeed, this high-throughput sequencing method detected larger numbers of species on grapes and identified species present during alcoholic fermentation that were undetectable with the other techniques.
A novel regio-specific cyclosporin hydroxylase gene revealed through the genome mining of Pseudonocardia autotrophica
Authors: Ban Jun-Gyu , Woo Min-Woo , Lee Bo-Ram , Lee Mi-Jin , Choi Si-Sun , Kim Eung-Soo
Published: March 2014

The regio-specific hydroxylation at the 4th N-methyl leucine of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA) was previously proposed to be mediated by a unique cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP), CYP-sb21 from the rare actinomycetes Sebekia benihana. Interestingly, a different rare actinomycetes species, Pseudonocardia autotrophica, was found to possess a different regio-selectivity, the preferential hydroxylation at the 9th N-methyl leucine of CsA. Through an in silico analysis of the whole genome of P. autotrophica, we describe here the classification of 31 total CYPs in P. autotrophica. Three putative CsA CYP genes, showing the highest sequence homologies with CYP-sb21, were successfully inactivated using PCR-targeted gene disruption. Only one knock-out mutant, ΔCYP-pa1, failed to convert CsA to its hydroxylated forms. The hydroxylation activity of CsA by CYP-pa1 was confirmed by CYP-pa1 gene complementation as well as heterologous expression in the CsA non-hydroxylating Streptomyces coelicolor. Moreover, the cyclosporine regio-selectivity of CYP-pa1 expressed in the ∆CYP-sb21 S. benihana mutant strain was also confirmed unchanged through cross complementation. These results show that preferential regio-specific hydroxylation at the 9th N-methyl leucine of CsA is carried out by a specific P450 hydroxylase gene in P. autotrophica, CYP-pa1, setting the stage for the biotechnological application of CsA regio-selective hydroxylation.
Advancing Community‐Based Research with Urban American Indian Populations: Multidisciplinary Perspectives
Authors: Hartmann William E. , Wendt Dennis C. , Saftner Melissa A. , Marcus John , Momper Sandra L.
Published: March 2014

The US has witnessed significant growth among urban American Indian (AI) populations in recent decades, and concerns have been raised that these populations face equal or greater degrees of disadvantage than their reservation counterparts. Surprisingly little urban AI research or community work has been documented in the literature, and even less has been written about the influences of urban settings on community‐based work with these populations. Given the deep commitments of community psychology to empowering disadvantaged groups and understanding the impact of contextual factors on the lives of individuals and groups, community psychologists are well suited to fill these gaps in the literature. Toward informing such efforts, this work offers multidisciplinary insights from distinct idiographic accounts of community‐based behavioral health research with urban AI populations. Accounts are offered by three researchers and one urban AI community organization staff member, and particular attention is given to issues of community heterogeneity, geography, membership, and collaboration. Each first‐person account provides “lessons learned” from the urban context in which the research occurred. Together, these accounts suggest several important areas of consideration in research with urban AIs, some of which also seem relevant to reservation‐based work. Finally, the potential role of research as a tool of empowerment for urban AI populations is emphasized, suggesting future research attend to the intersections of identity, sense of community, and empowerment in urban AI populations.
Genetic Testing of Children for Predisposition to Mood Disorders: Anticipating the Clinical Issues
Authors: Erickson Jessica A. , Kuzmich Lili , Ormond Kelly E. , Gordon Erynn , Christman Michael F. , Cho Mildred K. , Levinson Douglas F.
Published: March 2014

Large‐scale sequencing information may provide a basis for genetic tests for predisposition to common disorders. In this study, participants in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (N = 53) with a personal and/or family history of Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder were interviewed based on the Health Belief Model around hypothetical intention to test one's children for probability of developing a mood disorder. Most participants (87 %) were interested in a hypothetical test for children that had high (“90 %”) positive predictive value, while 51 % of participants remained interested in a modestly predictive test (“20 %”). Interest was driven by beliefs about effects of test results on parenting behaviors and on discrimination. Most participants favored testing before adolescence (64 %), and were reluctant to share results with asymptomatic children before adulthood. Participants anticipated both positive and negative effects of testing on parental treatment and on children's self‐esteem. Further investigation will determine whether these findings will generalize to other complex disorders for which early intervention is possible but not clearly demonstrated to improve outcomes. More information is also needed about the effects of childhood genetic testing and sharing of results on parent–child relationships, and about the role of the child in the decision‐making process.
Does Contraceptive Use Always Reduce Breast-feeding?
Authors: Jayachandran Seema
Published: March 2014

Previous studies suggest that access to modern contraceptives can reduce breast-feeding rates because women who had been using breast-feeding to avoid pregnancy substitute away from it. This article shows that contraceptive use can also have a positive effect on breast-feeding. A mother often weans a child if she becomes pregnant again, which can occur sooner than desired if she lacks access to contraceptives. Thus, by enabling longer birth spacing and preventing unwanted pregnancies, contraceptive use allows for a longer duration of breast-feeding. This positive effect should primarily affect infants who are past the first few months of life because their mothers are more fecund then, and the negative effect should affect infants who are very young because the contraceptive property of breast-feeding is strongest then. I test for these dual effects using Demographic and Health Survey data for Indonesia. I find evidence of the positive birth-spacing effect: contraceptive use increases the likelihood that children continue to be breast-fed past age 1. There is also suggestive evidence of a negative substitution effect among infants age 3 months and younger.
MicroRNA‐432 contributes to dopamine cocktail and retinoic acid induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells by targeting NESTIN and RCOR1 genes
Authors: Das Eashita , Bhattacharyya Nitai Pada
Published: March 2014

MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates expression of protein coding genes and has been implicated in diverse cellular processes including neuronal differentiation, cell growth and death. To identify the role of miRNA in neuronal differentiation, SH‐SY5Y and IMR‐32 cells were treated with dopamine cocktail and retinoic acid to induce differentiation. Detection of miRNAs in differentiated cells revealed that expression of many miRNAs was altered significantly. Among the altered miRNAs, human brain expressed miR‐432 induced neurite projections, arrested cells in G0–G1, reduced cell proliferation and could significantly repress NESTIN/NES, RCOR1/COREST and MECP2. Our results reveal that miR‐432 regulate neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells.
PPNDS inhibits murine Norovirus RNA‐dependent RNA‐polymerase mimicking two RNA stacking bases
Authors: Croci Romina , Tarantino Delia , Milani Mario , Pezzullo Margherita , Rohayem Jacques , Bolognesi Martino , Mastrangelo Eloise
Published: March 2014

Norovirus (NV) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Antivirals against such important pathogens are on demand. Among the viral proteins that orchestrate viral replication, RNA‐dependent‐RNA‐polymerase (RdRp) is a promising drug development target. From an in silico‐docking search focused on the RdRp active site, we selected the compound PPNDS, which showed low micromolar IC50 vs. murine NV‐RdRp in vitro. We report the crystal structure of the murine NV‐RdRp/PPNDS complex showing that two molecules of the inhibitor bind in antiparallel stacking interaction, properly oriented to block exit of the newly synthesized RNA. Such inhibitor‐binding mode mimics two stacked nucleotide‐bases of the RdRp/ssRNA complex.
Social cognition in Alzheimer's disease: A separate construct contributing to dependence
Authors: Cosentino Stephanie , Zahodne Laura B. , Brandt Jason , Blacker Deborah , Albert Marilyn , Dubois Bruno , Stern Yaakov
Published: March 2014

The extent to which social cognitive changes reflect a discrete constellation of symptoms dissociable from general cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. Moreover, whether social cognitive symptoms contribute to disease severity and progression is unknown. The current multicenter study investigated cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between social cognition measured with six items from the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, general cognition, and dependence in 517 participants with probable AD. Participants were monitored every 6 months for 5.5 years. Results from multivariate latent growth curve models adjusted for sex, age, education, depression, and recruitment site revealed that social cognition and general cognition were unrelated cross‐sectionally and throughout time. However, baseline levels of each were related independently to dependence, and change values of each were related independently to change in dependence. These findings highlight the separability of social and general cognition in AD. Results underscore the relevance of considering social cognition when modeling disease and estimating clinical outcomes related to patient disability.
Interfaces in service modularity: A typology developed in modular health care provision
Authors: de Blok Carolien , Meijboom Bert , Luijkx Katrien , Schols Jos , Schroeder Roger
Published: March 2014

We conduct case research in a particular service context, i.e. the sector for elderly care, in order to explore characteristics of interfaces and the role they play in service customization. Even though the study of modularity in areas other than goods production is increasing, little is known about interfaces outside the context of modular goods. From our case research, it follows that interfaces can be distinguished at the component level (linkages between components’ contents) and at the service package level (linkages between service providers involved). The contribution of the paper is a first typology on interfaces in modular services. Four interface categories are distinguished, which offer a specification of the interfaces’ function in creating variety and coherence, when linking content components as well as service providers. In addition, we provide a new definition of interfaces for services that differs from the accepted manufacturing definition.
Agent‐system co‐development in supply chain research: Propositions and demonstrative findings
Authors: Tangpong Chanchai , Hung Kuo‐Ting , Li Jin
Published: March 2014

In this study, we develop an agent‐system co‐development (ASC) theoretical framework for behavioral research in supply chains. The ASC framework aims at explaining the dynamic agent‐system relationships in supply chains whereby both action‐influencing properties of human agents (e.g., beliefs, personalities, attitudes) and governance‐influencing properties of supply chain systems (e.g., social norms, power‐dependence, partnerial/adversarial relationship forms) mutually influence each other over time. Two empirical studies are conducted to illustrate how ASC can be a useful theoretical framework in supply chain research and to partially validate the central thesis of ASC in the contexts of partnerial/adversarial supply chain relationships and cooperative/competitive attitudes of human agents in supply chains. The results of both studies support the central thesis of ASC regarding the dynamic agent‐system relationships. From two replicated experiments in Study 1, the results suggest that agents’ cooperative and competitive attitudes in business relationships are altered as they are exposed to different supply chain conditions of partnerial and adversarial relationships. In addition, from the multi‐method research efforts in Study 2, the results from two survey studies and an experiment are largely consistent with one another, suggesting that personnel turnovers in existing supply chain systems can eventually lead to changes in supply‐chain‐system properties including the degrees of long‐term commitment, information sharing, and joint problem‐solving between supply chain partners, as well as the frequency of opportunism occurrences in the supply chains. Finally, we propound that the dynamic agent‐system relationships proposed in the ASC framework can be a useful analytical lens in viewing various supply chain issues, such as supply chain evolutions and changes, supply chain designs and personnel decisions, and self‐reinforcing feedback loops and decision tendencies in supply chains.
Next generation diagnostic molecular pathology: Critical appraisal of quality assurance in Europe
Authors: Dubbink Hendrikus J. , Deans Zandra C. , Tops Bastiaan B.J. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Koljenović S. , van Krieken Han J.M. , Blokx Willeke A.M. , Dinjens Winand N.M. , Groenen Patricia J.T.A.
Published: March 2014

Tumor evaluation in pathology is more and more based on a combination of traditional histopathology and molecular analysis. Due to the rapid development of new cancer treatments that specifically target aberrant proteins present in tumor cells, treatment decisions are increasingly based on the molecular features of the tumor. Not only the number of patients eligible for targeted precision medicine, but also the number of molecular targets per patient and tumor type is rising. Diagnostic molecular pathology, the discipline that determines the molecular aberrations present in tumors for diagnostic, prognostic or predictive purposes, is faced with true challenges. The laboratories have to meet the need of comprehensive molecular testing using only limited amount of tumor tissue, mostly fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE), in short turnaround time. Choices must be made for analytical methods that provide accurate, reliable and cost‐effective results. Validation of the test procedures and results is essential. In addition, participation and good performance in internal (IQA) and external quality assurance (EQA) schemes is mandatory. In this review, we critically evaluate the validation procedure for comprehensive molecular tests as well as the organization of quality assurance and assessment of competence of diagnostic molecular pathology laboratories within Europe.
JOKING MARKET WOMEN: CRITIQUING AND NEGOTIATING GENDER AND SOCIAL HIERARCHY IN KANKOSSA, MAURITANIA
Authors: Wiley Katherine Ann
Published: March 2014

The streets of Kankossa's busy daily market often ring with laughter as female vegetable vendors joke with each other and passersby. This joking comes at a time when gender roles are shifting in Mauritania since it has become challenging for many men to provide for their families, causing women to take on roles as significant income earners. Likewise, as slavery has diminished over the last century, Ḥarāṭīn, a group consisting of ex-slaves or descendants of slaves, have been negotiating their places in the polity. To gain insight into the shifting social order, this article analyses examples of joking by Ḥarāṭīn market women who in this way engage with issues of gender and the social hierarchy. The social space of the market is a critical setting for such practices since it both facilitates their occurrence and also gives women's words weight because they are spoken in the presence of an audience. While jokes are always ambiguous, women's joking in front of others in this space makes their jokes bite, thus enabling them to give voice to deeply personal anxieties and make sense of changes in the social order.
The origins of the dissolution of the monasteries
Authors: Hoyle R. W.
Published: March 2014

The dissolution of the monasteries is one of the most familiar incidents in Tudor history. The genesis of the dissolution is however ill-documented. Here it is traced back to the suppressions of smaller houses authorized in 1528. It is shown how a partial dissolution could be construed as a desirable and necessary reform without challenging either the basis of monasticism or the doctrine of purgatory. A previously unnoticed petition is published to cast light on the anti-clerical agitation of 1529. It is suggested that there was an attempt to secure a dissolution for financial reasons in 1534 and it was the failure of this which forced the crown to adopt a new strategy to achieve a partial dissolution. This was the collection of damaging evidence of monastic corruption during the visitations of 1535. The display of this material to the Commons in 1536 persuaded them to accept a partial dissolution in the guise of a reform of monasticism. It is suggested that there was no ‘public’ demand for a dissolution in the 1530s except in the artificial circumstances of 1536, and that the shape of the dissolution was determined by the inability of government to secure the support of parliament for a dissolution justified on financial grounds.
Cocos Malay
Authors: Soderberg Craig D.
Published: March 2014

Cocos Malay, hereafter called Cocos, is referred to in the Ethnologue with the ISO code of ‘coa’. The Ethnologue considers Cocos to be a Malay-based Creole along with several other Malay-based creoles (Lewis 2009). Cocos is spoken in Australia and in Malaysia. In Australia, it is spoken on the islands of Cocos and Christmas with a total combined population of about 700 speakers on those two islands. In Malaysia, Cocos speakers are found primarily in the eastern and southeastern coastal districts of Sabah (Kunak, Semporna, Lahad Datu and Tawau). In early 2013, the Ethnologue listed the population of Cocos speakers in Malaysia as 4,000 and decreasing. The Ethnologue also stated that the total number of Cocos speakers in all places around the world is 5,000. However, both of these statements in the Ethnologue are not correct. The Cocos population in Malaysia is increasing, not decreasing, and the total worldwide population of Cocos speakers is much larger than the Ethnologue estimate. The 1970 population estimate for Cocos speakers in Malaysia was 2,731 (Moody 1984: 93, 100). But the 2012 population estimate for Cocos speakers worldwide is 22,400, with most Cocos speakers living in Sabah, Malaysia. Our study focused exclusively on Cocos speakers in Malaysia. Some Cocos speakers interviewed in our study claimed that their ancestors originated from the island of Cocos (also known as Keeling), southwest of Sumatra in the Indian Ocean. Others claimed that their ancestors originally inhabited the Indonesian islands of the Malay Archipelaɡo and subsequently migrated to Cocos Island and then to Sabah. Two historical accounts of the Cocos can be found in Nanis (2011) and Subiah, Rabika & Kabul (1981).
Brain grey matter abnormalities in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Y.-J. , Du M.-Y. , Huang X.-Q. , Lui S. , Chen Z.-Q. , Liu J. , Luo Y. , Wang X.-L. , Kemp G. J. , Gong Q.-Y.
Published: March 2014

Background

Because cerebral morphological abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) may be modulated by antidepressant treatment, inclusion of medicated patients may have biased previous meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies. A meta-analysis of VBM studies on medication-free MDD patients should be able to distinguish the morphological features of the disease itself from those of treatment.

Method

A systematic search was conducted for the relevant studies. Effect-size signed differential mapping was applied to analyse the grey matter differences between all medication-free MDD patients and healthy controls. Meta-regression was used to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics.

Results

A total of 14 datasets comprising 400 medication-free MDD patients and 424 healthy controls met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis and subgroup meta-analyses showed robustly reduced grey matter in prefrontal and limbic regions in MDD. Increased right thalamus volume was only seen in first-episode medication-naive patients, and increased grey matter in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex only in medication wash-out patients. In meta-regression analyses the percentage of female patients in each study was negatively correlated with reduced grey matter in the right hippocampus.

Conclusions

By excluding interference from medication effects, the present study identified grey matter reduction in the prefrontal–limbic network in MDD. The subgroup meta-analysis results suggest that an increased right thalamus volume might be a trait directly related to MDD, while an increased anterior cingulate cortex volume might be an effect of medication. The meta-regression results perhaps reveal the structural underpinning of the sex differences in epidemiological and clinical aspects of MDD.