bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Assessment and Training in Extended Reality: Multimodal Systems, Clinical Utility, and Current Challenges
Authors: Erena Palmira Victoria González , GUINEA SARA BELEN FERNANDEZ , Kourtesis Panagiotis
Published: January 2025

Extended reality (XR) technologies—encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR)—are transforming cognitive assessment and training by offering immersive, interactive environments that simulate real-world tasks. XR enhances ecological validity while enabling real-time, multimodal data collection through tools such as galvanic skin response (GSR), electroencephalography (EEG), eye tracking (ET), hand tracking, and body tracking. This allows for a more comprehensive understanding of cognitive and emotional processes, as well as adaptive, personalized interventions for users. Despite these advancements, current XR applications often underutilize the full potential of multimodal integration, relying primarily on visual and auditory inputs. Challenges such as cybersickness, usability concerns, and accessibility barriers further limit the widespread adoption of XR tools in cognitive science and clinical practice. This review examines XR-based cognitive assessment and training, focusing on its advantages over traditional methods, including ecological validity, engagement, and adaptability. It also explores unresolved challenges such as system usability, cost, and the need for multimodal feedback integration. The review concludes by identifying opportunities for optimizing XR tools to improve cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation outcomes, particularly for diverse populations, including older adults and individuals with cognitive impairments.
Social Interaction Style in Autism: A critical review of social behaviours and outcomes in autistic and neurotypical interactions
Authors: Matyjek Magdalena , Dziobek Isabel , Hamilton Antonia , Wheatley Thalia
Published: January 2025

Social interaction difficulties are a defining feature of autism. Historically, researchhas concentrated on comparing the social behaviours of autistic and neurotypicalindividuals in cross-neurotype dyads, often attributing challenges in communicationto autistic social deficits. However, recent studies on interactions between two autisticindividuals provide new insights, suggesting that some social difficulties may at leastpartially arise from mutual misunderstandings. This critical review analyses twenty-three studies on autistic, mixed, and neurotypical interactions, highlighting consistentdifferences (e.g., reduced mutual gaze and backchanneling in autistic interactions)and similarities between autistic and neurotypical social interactions (e.g., turn-taking), as well as measurements yielding mixed results (e.g., social motor synchrony).We discuss the variability in social behaviours, outcomes, and study designs in theexisting literature and interpret the existing findings in the light of individual deficitsand relational difficulties. We emphasise the need for future research to consider bothsame- and mixed-neurotype interactions and to include perspectives from bothneurotypical and autistic individuals to enhance our understanding of socialinteraction in autism.
Gender Inequality and Effeteness of Government Policies and Programmes
Authors: Shrestha Bijaya , Shakya Kushum
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
An Application of the Lee's Theory to Study Migration Pattern in Nepal
Authors: Aryal Tika Ram
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Poverty Reduction Efforts in the Socio Economic Development Process of Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Yuba Raj , Maharjan Keshav L.
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Sources of Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Udaya Raj
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Analysis of Foreign Aid Effectiveness for School Education Improvement and Economic Growth of Nepal
Authors: Acharya Bisna , Poudel Omkar , Acharya Pradeep , Kharel Khom Raj , Kharel Suman
Published: January 2025

Background: Nepal is struggling to improve its education system due to financial deficiency, social disparities, and political instability. The government relies heavily on international aid for education improvement. Nepal's education system shows foreign aid's potential and limitations in sustainable development. Foreign aid, GDP per capita, and government spending affect Nepalese youth literacy and gross enrollment rates. This aims to examine the aid effectiveness in school enrollment and GDP growth in Nepal.
Methods: This study has employed an econometric approach based on ARDL and Granger causality tests. Model I focuses on youth literacy rates as a measure of educational outcomes, while Model II examines gross enrollment ratios to assess access to education.
Results: The results reveal a significant long-term role of foreign aid in improving literacy outcomes, whereas GDP per capita emerges as a critical determinant of enrollment. Granger causality tests highlight bidirectional relationships, showing how literacy improvements influence foreign aid allocation and GDP growth. The findings underscore the importance of aligning aid strategies with local priorities and enhancing the efficiency of public spending to achieve sustained educational improvements.
Conclusion: This study contributes to human capital theory by exploring the interplay between education and economic development, emphasizing the need for targeted, sustainable interventions. Future research should focus on the role of institutional quality and demographic disparities in shaping education outcomes.
Novelty: This study offers a comprehensive analysis of aid efficacy and its congruence with local requirements by incorporating perspectives from local educators, students, policymakers, and donor organizations.
Influence of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) in Investment Decision: Mediating Role of Investment Horizon
Authors: Chaudhary Manoj Kumar , Dhungana Madan , Chalise Mahanada , Chaudhary Rajesh Kumar , Paudel Sujan Raj , Maharjan Ojash
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The study investigates how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors impact the investment choices made by individual investors in the stock market. Analyzing how ESG factors affect investors' decisions is the primary goal, and evaluating how each ESG factor affects these decisions separately comes in second. In the relationship between ESG and investment decision-making, the study also looks at the function of investment horizon as a mediating variable.
Methodology: This study adopts a descriptive and causal-comparative research framework utilizing the theory of planned behavior and stakeholder theory. Structured questionnaires collected primary data from 423 active stock market investors. Key variables were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. The data were then examined using AMOS version 26's Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to verify the theoretical relationships and investigate the interactions between the variables.
Main Findings - The study found a strong and positive correlation between investment decision-making and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations. It also demonstrated the significant impact of ESG factors on investor behavior and decision-making by revealing how the investment horizon serves as a mediating factor, influencing the relationship between ESG factors and investment decisions.
Applications - This study offers valuable insights for individual investors, aiding financial planning by identifying key ESG factors influencing investment decisions. It also provides guidance for SEBON and companies, supporting initiatives to promote ESG-focused investments, thereby aligning financial goals with sustainability objectives
Novelty/ Originality - This study uses the investment horizon as a mediating variable to investigate how ESG factors affect investment decisions. It adds to conventional investment models by providing fresh perspectives on how long-term ESG factors affect financial planning. The study offers a framework for comprehending how portfolio strategies, particularly in emerging markets, are impacted by sustainable investment priorities.
Embodiment of ecofeminist ethics in Adichie’s Purple hibiscus
Authors: Upadhyay Toya , Sharma Kamal
Published: January 2025

Background: The contemporary anthropocentric and patriarchal mindset has pervasively influenced the social and ecological justice system. Women and the Mother Earth have equally suffered injustice at the hands of males.
Objective: In this background, this paper reads Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Purple hibiscus (2003) to examine how it reflects the implications of ecofeminist ethics for the solution to the current social and ecological injustice.
Method: Based on qualitative research design, the research employs textual analysis method to interpret the text to reach to conclusion. For textual analysis, it borrows theoretical insights from ecofeminism, basically, Karen Warren’s ideas of ‘ecofeminist ethics, and ‘justice for all.
Finding: After analyzing the novel from the ecofeminist perspective, the research finds that it embraces ecofeminist ethics and justice for all principle by presenting three female characters: Kambili, Ifeoma, and Beatrice, who resolutely resist the dominant capitalism-motivated patriarchal ideology.
Conclusion: The research concludes that the novel underscores the need and relevancy of ecofeminist ethics as well as the embodiment of Gaia principle and motherhood environmentalism to solve the current problem of social and ecological injustice. Critical reading of Purple hibiscus from the perspective of ecofeminist ethics marks a new endeavor.
Novelty: The research will contribute to the understanding of human-nature interconnectedness and solving the current problem of social and environmental injustice.
Crisis of shared affect in human-animal relationship in Philip K. Dick’s Do androids dream of electric sheep?
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Baral Pabitra Raj
Published: January 2025

Background: Philip K. Dick’s novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? critiques humanity's failure to achieve intersubjective transformation and highlights the breakdown of shared emotional connections. The narrative delves into human characters’ obsession with owning pets, revealing their motivations as less empathetic and more rooted in reinforcing human centralism.
Objective: This study investigates the human-animal relationship and human characters’ fixation with animals in the novel, employing posthumanist perspectives to explore interspecies relationality and the concept of companion species.
Methods: The study employs a qualitative research design and textual analysis method to examine the primary text. It draws theoretical insights from posthumanism, particularly the works of Donna Haraway and other leading scholars on interspecies relationality. Secondary sources, including books, journal articles, and critical reviews, are utilized to scrutinize the crisis of affect in human-nonhuman interactions.
Findings: The analysis reveals that human characters in the novel aspire to keep animals primarily out of social obligation and moral duty. However, their motivations lack genuine emotional connection, underscoring a crisis of affect in their interactions with nonhuman beings.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the human-animal relationship depicted in the novel reflects a superficial and obligation-driven dynamic, failing to achieve authentic interspecies relationality.
Novelty: This research contributes to the study of human-animal relationships and interdependence by offering a posthumanist critique of affect and interspecies relationality in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?.
Kolaboratif PKM Internasional Mobility Consortium Pengelolaan Komunikasi Pemasaran Melalui Digitalisasi Bisnis Di Thailand
Authors: Cahyani Nani , Puspitasari Ratih , Hertati Lesi , Hidayat Janthy , Nurfaiza Nabila
Published: January 2025

This service activity was carried out in Thailand in the context of joint International PKM in order to realize effective marketing communications management which is the key to business success in the current digital era. Collaboration in the field of business digitalization offers great opportunities for economic growth and wider market penetration. This PKM aims to explore how collaboration in the PKM International Mobility Consortium can encourage innovation in the field of marketing communications management through business digitalization in Thailand. Through a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and content analysis, collecting data from business stakeholders, academics and practitioners in Thailand. The pretest and posttest results show that collaboration in the International PKM consortium encourages the exchange of knowledge and resources between organizations from various countries, enriching local perspectives with a global view. Business digitalization developed through collaboration results in more adaptive and effective marketing communications strategies, enabling MSMEs in Thailand to reach a wider audience and increase competitiveness in the global market.
"Polish-Ukrainian Studies": Traditions and Innovations
Authors: Shchelkunova Olha
Published: January 2025

This article presents a thematic analysis and synthesis encompassing the breadth of topics covered in the "Polish-Ukrainian Studies" journal. Offering a comprehensive overview of the journal’s specifics, the article highlights key topics and underscores the challenges confronting modern academics. Within this frame, a detailed examination is undertaken, scrutinizing significant scientific discoveries and achievements by prominent Ukrainian and Polish researchers. The article strategically places emphasis on the pivotal role of the journal in fostering the popularization and continuous advancement of humanist disciplines. Beyond the examination of the journal’s previous and current state, the article looks ahead to articulate the prospects and future trajectories for Polish-Ukrainian Studies. This forward-looking approach not only forecasts potential developments, but also underscores the journal’s enduring impact on the broader landscape of philosophy, history and culture.
Ukrainian Canadian Children’s Historical Fiction in the Interpretation of Mateusz Świetlicki
Authors: Kachak Tetiana
Published: January 2025

The review analyzes Mateusz Świetlicki’s monograph "Next-Generation Memory and Ukrainian Canadian Children’s Historical Fiction: The Seeds of Memory" (2023). The author’s impressive corpus of anglophone Ukrainian Canadian children’s historical fiction consists of 41 texts published between 1991 and 2021, including novels, novellas, picture books, short stories, and graphic novels. As it will be shown, the scientist describes the specifics of historical literature for young readers, considering both the combination of historical truth and fiction and the peculiarities of receptive poetics aimed at actualizing the child reader’s “sense of personal identity”. The claim is made that Mateusz Świetlicki’s book monograph is not only an important contribution to the study of Ukrainian Canadian and Canadian children’s literature, highlighting the history of Ukraine and the relations of Ukrainians with other peoples in Canada, but also a fascinating story about how reading, imagining, and reimagining history can lead to the formation of beyond-textual next-generation memory. Finally, as shall be argued, Świetlicki demonstrates that historical novels may help young readers understand the complexity of the Ukrainian past and present. The cultural memory of the Red Terror, the Holodomor, the Holocaust, the Second World War, as well as the current war, the genocide of Ukrainians committed by Putin and the Russian army, must be preserved, so that future generations understand the value of freedom, diversity, tolerance, and democracy that have to become a priority of every nation and state in order not to give a chance to wars, genocides, and Nazism.
On the Approaches to the Vast Realm of Oles Ulyanenko’s Creative Works
Authors: Nabytovych Ihor
Published: January 2025

This review article analyzes the monographic work "Między apokalipsą a melancholią. Ołeś Ulianenko – twórczość, konteksty, wspomnienia", published by the publishing house of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. It is a joint study of Ukrainian and Polish literary experts. The authors of the collective monograph are Anna Horniatko-Shumilovich, Mazhanna Kuchynska, Przemyslav Lis-Markevich, Yaroslav Polishchuk and Oksana Pukhonska. Scholars study the work of Oles Ulyanenko as a unique artistic and social phenomenon in the Ukrainian culture and writing, as well as, more broadly, in Slavic literature and writing in general.
Everyday Life of a Pilgrim in the Wanderings by Vasyl Hryhorovych-Barskyi
Authors: Novyk Olha
Published: January 2025

The article examines the peculiarities of the creation of everyday life in Vasyl Hryhorovych-Barskyi’s work Wanderings. The poetics of walking has already been investigated by Petro Bilous and other scholars, but for the first time such analysis is performed in the context of the study of everyday life in works of this genre. Namely, the purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of the pilgrim’s everyday life in a baroque work. The methodology applied combines hermeneutic, comparative-historical, genealogical methods. The attention is paid to genre features, the plot of the story, the personality of the author and the main aspects of the construction of artistic life. The person of the author is the central axis around which the everyday life of the work is built. Genre features consist in the combination of several genres: autobiography, travelogue, travel notes, diary, elements of life and self-insert novels. The space unfolds as a journey. Also the dynamics of changes in circumstances and changes in the personality of the author can be seen. Various components of everyday life are presented: the material and spiritual world of the character, which is sketched horizontally and vertically. The reconstructed worldview of the baroque man appears in a kaleidoscope of detailed descriptions of the life-world of different cities, customs, religious denominations, beliefs, so the traveller’s personality undergoes changes in this everyday journey. The influence of science and literature on the everyday life of the Wanderings is also noted.
Poland in the 19th century; in search of its place in Europe and in the world
Authors: Kizwalter Tomasz
Published: January 2025

After the third partition of the First Republic (Res Publica), Poland entered the 19th century as a “country” deprived of a state system. The recovery of their state became a fundamental objective of the Polish political elites. Although the existence of the “Polish cause” remained in European politics, and the Poles were regarded as one of the “historical nations”, the structure of the interests of the Great Powers meant that, in 19th century Europe, there was no place for a Polish state. At the same time, a politically active part of society was confronted with new challenges. The concept of restoring the Res Publica on its former borders began to raise tensions: Polish aspirations increasingly clashed with Ukrainian and Lithuanian national ambitions. In turn, the civilizing expansion of Western Europe produced, in Poland, a sense of backwardness in its development. However, the prospect of modernization seemed to constitute a danger to their collective identity. In this situation, the attitude of the Polish elites towards Western Europe was characterised as much by hope as by disappointments and resentments. However, opinions disputing Poland’s relationship with the “West” were rare.
The search for internal order: Spain, 1789-1898
Authors: Moral Roncal Antonio Manuel
Published: January 2025

The construction of the liberal state in 19th-century Spain was conditioned by various factors; some of them adjusted to the European context and others turned out to be singularities of their own. The weight of some of them is estimated, such as the difficult imbrication of Catholicism in the New Regime, since liberalism defended a secularization in all areas of politics and society that caused conflicts about its scope and means to achieve it, as well as resistance on the part of an important sector of the population. In relation to this, the persistence of counterrevolutionary forces in Spain is explained, unlike some of their European counterparts such as Jacobitism and Miguelism. In this manner, to face an armoured counterrevolution, the liberal state had to rely on the army, whose role was decisive both for its victory on the battlefields and for trying to maintain the remains of the overseas empire. The fight against Carlism, however, did not eliminate internal divisions of liberalism that also decisively marked the pace of construction for the New Spanish Regime.
The Monarchy of Spain during the Habsburgs
Authors: Alvar Ezquerra Alfredo
Published: January 2025

This article exposes the functioning of the Spanish Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries, centuries of its peak. An Empire that knew how to solve management problems due to the enormous distances between Madrid and its vast domains simply by delegating the king’s powers to his officials. And of loyalty of these royal officers towards their superiors and that of all to one towards their king. Since religion played a fundamental role, the Monarchy of Spain, or the Catholic Monarchy of Spain, was always a dynamic aggregate of territories. There was no institutional unit except that of the king, the governing head of all that vast territory. This paper analyses the transition from the Trastámara dynasty to that of the Habsburgs and how they had to respond to the new needs that arose from the Monarchy regarding the expansion of its possessions in Europe and America. For this, a tour of the institutional functioning of this extensive Empire is made.
Lights and shadows of the Polish-Lithuanian Nobles’ Republic
Authors: Grześkowiak-Krwawicz Anna
Published: January 2025

The article attempts to synthetically present the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a republic governed and, in a sense, also created by the nobility. This multinational and multi-faith state, which assumed form in the 16th century because of the shape of its political system, was a kind of singularity in Europe of absolutist monarchies that only grew stronger and stronger. The author tries to present solutions adopted in that state – a system of a monarchia mixta with a growing role of parliament – Seym, and a social peculiarity – the enormous political importance of the nobility, making it a political nation. She analyses the functioning of the system and the state, which was effective and efficient at the beginning, and assured Commonwealth peace and security till the middle of the 17th century. The author also discusses a crisis, first of the political system and later of a state paralysed by inefficiency of institutions in the first half of the 18th century. Ultimately, it traces the intents of its modernisation crowned by a Constitution of 3 May 1791 and a struggle with a foreign intervention, which ended with a defeat and a total partition of the country in 1795.
Colonial villages that disappeared during the foral period in the New Settlements of Sierra Morena and Andalusia (1767-1835)
Authors: Pérez-Schmid Fernández Francisco José
Published: January 2025

The arrival of 6,000 German and Flemish Catholic settlers, starting from 1767, to the New Populations of Sierra Morena and Andalusia posed the challenge of settling them in an uninhabited territory, initially trying a dispersed settlement. However, the diverse results of its implementation forced those responsible for the project to combine the disseminated with villages in lower Andalusia, while in Sierra Morena, they ended up centralizing the majority of the population in villages. The early disappearance of some of the nuclei, mainly in the mountains, leads us to analyse some of the factors that could have mediated their early abandonment, such as population crisis, orography, torrential rains, the Spanish War of Independence (Peninsular War), the low quality of the constructions, the loss of importance of communication routes, etc. In this way, we will know the dynamics to which they were subjected, which made it possible for them to be abandoned and forgotten only a few decades after their foundation.
The Geographical relations in the 16th century. Changes in agriculture in New Spain half a century after the conquest
Authors:   University of Toulouse I Capitole, Montemayor Julián
Published: January 2025

The Geographical Relations of the 16th century are a rarely used source for studying New Spain. Moreover, the period they covered was studied much less than that of the conquest and independence. New Spain was the fi rst American region where the agriculture of the Antillean Europeans collided with Mesoamerican agriculture, which was without livestock, based on corn, and with Neolithic technology. In fifty years, after a violent conquest and an abysmal demographic collapse, despite the introduction of new plant and animal species, Indigenous agriculture resisted globally and culturally due to a lack of access to technical innovations. Partially penetrated by the use of metal currency, it saw the development of longer-range commercial crops. But it is above all the urban peripheries and the North, emptied of semi-nomadic Indians, where the Spanish left their mark with wheat cultivation and large-scale livestock farming. Here, one can see how the regions are organised, where the large estates and culture characteristic of Mexican history will develop.
The nationalisation of the monarchy in Spanish liberal constitutionalism through royal travels: from Ferdinand VII to Alfonso XIII
Authors: Barral Martínez Margarita
Published: January 2025

This study investigates how Spanish liberalism included the image of the crown in defining national identity. The dialogue between monarchy and liberalism that began with the Constitution of 1812 would develop throughout the 19th century through intense struggles and transactions where, in addition to political and constitutional materials, cultural elements were also exploited to define the symbolic function that the monarchy had to take over. The work focuses on the specific case of royal trips as key elements in the popularisation of the monarchs and in disseminating the national identity that this implied, an identity that always added Catholic morality and bourgeois domesticity. Based on the analysis of political and cultural historiography, period chronicles and newspaper sources, the text shows that the Spanish monarchy also needed to assume the new symbolic role that liberalism theorised.
The International City of Tangier between history and memory: The case of the Italian community
Authors: Morone Antonio M. , Ferrero Federica
Published: January 2025

Tangier, the door of Africa and the crossroads between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic world, was the diplomatic capital of the Moroccan sultanate in the 19th century, and its cultural and commercial heart connected with Europe. The Italians who migrated from Italy or other North African colonies to settle down in Tangier constituted a small community that contributed to creating the cosmopolitan nature that defined Tangier until the Moroccan independence in 1956. The end of the international regime and the colonial occupation caused the loss of the privileges the Italians and, in general, the Europeans had enjoyed. Furthermore, they were compelled to relocate themselves to the new society, the Moroccan one for those who decided to remain, or the Italian, Spanish or French one for those who chose to leave. In other words, they had to rethink their cosmopolitan identity in national terms alone. During the process of re-negotiation of their belonging, consciously or unconsciously, they found themselves partially Moroccan, proving that cosmopolitanism was also related to Africa and the Africans.
Contributions on the diffusion of Humanism in the Golden Age: the social reception of Medicine
Authors: Gómez García Gonzalo
Published: January 2025

The key point to understanding the success or otherwise of humanistic studies is their irradiation, their diffusion in the social sphere. Only analysing what and how they studied in Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries would not imply that this humanism apprehended in the classrooms would radiate socially and not only academically. That is if they reached the other, the recipient or beneficiary of that knowledge. Know whether or not there was diffusion to be able to consider whether this humanism remained only among those who had gone through a university institution or whether it came to permeate among the socially lower strata. In this study, we want to discuss and reflect on a branch of humanism: medicine. How was a patient received and treated by a doctor trained in the Spanish Golden Age? Specifically, the ones taught by the University of Alcalá, the institution that promoted philosophical studies and offered Europe and America a golden generation of humanist doctors.
An Inquiry into the Health Principles and Their Uses Made by the Ancients for Social Compassion (Based on Rajarata Civilization)
Authors: Ekanayaka H. M. N. M.
Published: January 2025

Since ancient times, health has been given priority among humans. This research aims to identify the health policies made by the ancients during the Rajarata civilization period. The research problem here is how the developed health policies were used for social solidarity and what is their utility. The historical research method was used as the research method here. Sourced facts confirm that the ancient Sri Lankan people also thought of health as an absolute profit. If the health system is of high quality, it is an indication that society at that time acted with compassion. Traditional folk beliefs also prevailed among the people at this time. Accordingly, the ancients strongly believed that diseases are caused by angering the forces called Va-Pit-Sem and other beliefs. It is a mandatory factor to have medical facilities in a state in case of emergencies such as epidemics, pneumonia and war. Therefore, based on these factors, the ancients worked to support the government in making health policies and to raise the health sector. It is stated in the Mahavamsa that ancient medicine was concerned with medical services such as various methods of treatment, style medicine, psychological treatment etc. According to the Mahavamsa, King Dutugemunu has fondly remembered the medical facilities he provided for the public as one of the highest services he did at the time of his death. King Buddhadasa played a special role in the ancient medicine service. The king, who worked with great kindness and compassion to cure the sufferings of his people by performing the affairs of the state well, was a physical and mental doctor who understood it well. During the Polonnaruwa era, King Maha Parakramabahu showed special interest in improving the health of the country's inhabitants. In the continuous history of several centuries, the implementation of the state policies applied by the rulers of the Rajarata Civilization period also on health shows the nature of formal governance. It can also be recognized that Sri Lankan society is not only concerned with public health but also with compassion towards animals and implemented those health policies.
THE SOCIAL ROLES OF WOMEN AS PORTRAYED IN SIGIRI POETRY
Authors: Hansamala Ritigahapola
Published: January 2025

The Sigiri poetry collection is considered to be the origin of Sinhala verse literature in Sri Lanka. These sigiri verses were reportedly composed between the 7th to 14th Century BC. Most of the poems among Sigiri poems are written in verse style called 'Gee'. Thus, those poems are named ‘Sigiri Gee’. These poems are said to have been written on the Sigiri Mirror wall known as the "Katapath Pawura" by various travelers who came to visit the ruined Sigiriya from different eras. Among these poets were kings, priests, soldiers, etc., as well as women in particular. There are also 14 female poets, among the Sigiri writers, introducing themselves by a name. Sigiri rock paintings inspired most poems by all these poets. However, some female poets express their moods and independent ideologies. Those poems have revealed the lives of women of that era as well as their unique perceptions and thought processes. Also, information about women in Sigiri society has been revealed by the opinions of other poets. The study therefore aims to explore how the social roles of women in Sigiri society are portrayed in Sigiri poetry. This analysis is based on the sociological concept of social roles. The Sigiri poetry has highlighted the challenging lives of women in Sigiri society, their social roles and their unwavering independence in the face of tradition.
NAVIGATING LIFE'S CHALLENGES IN UNDERGRADUATES: AN IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF GENDER DISPARITIES IN COPING STRATEGIES AND SUCCESSES (A LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Pawani Kuragama  , Thilina Buddika  , Melan Aththanayaka  , Lahiru Baddewela
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive literature review investigates gender disparities among undergraduates in Sri Lanka, exploring academic, financial, and social challenges. Despite women displaying higher enrollment, graduation rates, and academic performance, disparities extend to employment, relationships, and gender-based violence. Success stories highlight women breaking societal norms and men challenging traditional roles. The dynamic coping strategies employed underscore the necessity of ongoing support, policy changes, and societal awareness. An intersectional lens reveals unique challenges based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation. The review emphasizes the urgency of interventions for gender disparities, offering insights for policymakers, educators, and institutions. The subsequent examination of undergraduate life in Sri Lanka delves into academic pressure, financial hardships, limited support services, job prospects, and social issues. Gender-specific challenges demonstrate how societal expectations shape women's and men's experiences in higher education. The coping strategies section categorizes mechanisms and explores gender-specific ones, indicating potential disparities influenced by societal expectations. Factors affecting coping strategies, such as the work environment and social support, are discussed. The impact of coping strategies on academic success is analyzed, highlighting the symbiotic relationship between effective coping mechanisms and positive outcomes. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, advocating for an intersectionality perspective, longitudinal studies, and a focus on mental health's role in academic success. Implications for policy and practice stress the need for inclusive support services, faculty training programs, and initiatives promoting mental health awareness to create a supportive environment for all undergraduates.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
Authors: N. M. A. Jayasinghe
Published: January 2025

Pumithiri Peer Reviewed e-Journal is an online publication that focuses on critical analysis and exploration of gender-related issues. It aims to promote interdisciplinary research on gender issues such as gender inequality, gender-based violence, gender identity, sexuality, women’s rights, and other related topics. The articles on the categories of Language, Literature and Gender, Economy, Society and Gender, and Education, Aesthetics and Gender on Gender Studies have been published in 2nd issue of 1st volume of the journal.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS' LEARNING ACTIVITIES AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
Authors: Surur Miftahus , Ahmad Zaki Emyus Zaki Emyus , Indah Yana , Siti Karunia Dewi
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the effect of model Discovery learning on enhanced critical thinking ability and students' activation abilities. The methods used in this study are literature review methods to analyze the influence of advanced learning models. Data collection techniques using documentation, by searching journals that are relevant to this topic through Google Scholar with the last 5-year period from 2019-2023. Based on the result of 10 analyses of the article that it was obtained Information; 1) the application of the discovery learning model can provide a profound influence in improving and developing students’ critical thinking skills; 2) the application of the discovery learning model can provide a profound influence in improving students' learning activities. The conclusion of this study is that fact a discovery learning model can develop critical thinking ability and students' learning activities
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FACE-TO-FACE AND ONLINE MENTORING USING ZOOM MEETING IN CHANGING DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Handoko Mulyo
Published: January 2025

The world of school adolescents is an interesting dynamic. Generally, they want new things that they have never tried before. Something new if it implies positive actions is certainly not a problem, but if it leads to negative actions this will cause problems. School adolescents who have problems and can solve their own problems are positive. However, on the contrary, if they have a problem and cannot solve it themselves and vent it to negative actions, this means that they need the help of others. Simply put, in the perspective of guidance and counselling, people who help solve other people's problems are called counsellors. This counsellor is expected to help adolescents with problems to find the best solution according to the lightness and severity of the problems faced by these adolescents. The efforts to prevent adolescent deviant behaviour are creating a harmonious family, not generalising between adolescents with one another, developing adolescents through education, encouraging adolescents to be active in organisations, developing adolescents through interests and talents supported by routine coaching by counseling teachers both in writing, face-to-face and online using Zoom Meeting.. It is hoped that even though juvenile delinquency can be reduced so as to produce good academic and non-academic learning achievements. And then the handling techniques for adolescent deviant behaviour are: first, individual handling which includes giving instructions or advice, counselling, and psychotherapy, second, family handling, third, group handling and fourth handling of couples
EFFECTIVENESS OF ROLE PLAY IN IMPROVING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Darsan Darsan
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study was to comprehensively analyse and measure the effectiveness of the role-play method in improving preschool children's communication competence. in the development of social and academic skills, communicating effectively is not just about conveying wishes, but also forms the foundation of complex social interactions helping preschool children to build positive relationships with peers, teachers, and the surrounding environment, Role play is a highly effective method of improving preschool children's communication competence. By integrating this approach into the educational curriculum, educators can provide rich and immersive learning experiences that support children's social, emotional and cognitive developmenThe research methodology used a quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group design. The research subjects were 25 preschool children who were selected by purposive sampling. The research instruments used included communication competence observation sheets, interview guidelines, and documentation that had been validated by early childhood education experts. Data analysis used paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test statistical tests with a significance level of 5%,, Role play is a highly effective method of improving preschool children's communication competence. By integrating this approach into the educational curriculum, educators can provide rich and immersive learning experiences that support children's social, emotional and cognitive development
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE SOCIAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH PLANTING ACTIVITIES FOR CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS AT PGRI SRIKANDI BALAK KINDERGARTEN, SONGGON DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI IN THE 2023/2024 ACADEMIC YEAR
Authors: Dewi Safitri Dewi Safitri , Ianatuz Zahro , Trio Suwargono
Published: January 2025

This study aims to improve the social emotional intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through farming activities with a focus on developing effective and enjoyable alternative learning methods. The problems underlying this study are the low level of children's social emotional intelligence, the limited variety of learning methods that can integrate social emotional aspects with practical activities, and the less than optimal use of planting activities as a learning medium in schools. Through the implementation of planting activities, this study attempts to provide solutions to these problems by creating direct learning experiences that can stimulate children's social emotional development optimally. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) methodology which is carried out in two cycles, where each cycle consists of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the study were children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten, totaling 15 children. The data collection technique used structured observation with observation sheets, documentation, and interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research and discussion that has been carried out, farming has proven to be effective in improving social emotional intelligence in children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten
DRINK BASED ON MILK WHEY WITH VEGETABLE FILLERS
Authors: Novgorodska Nadia , Bernyk Iryna
Published: January 2025

Whey is a by-product of the cheese production process. Production of whey-based beverages began in the 1970s, and to this day a wide range of different whey-based beverages have been developed. Whey-based dairy beverages include a wide range of products obtained by mixing native sweet, diluted or sour whey with various additives, including vegetable fillers. The article discusses the relevance of developing fermented whey drinks based on milk whey with the addition of plant components. The relevance of the study is confirmed by literary sources, which testify to the possibility of obtaining such drinks with high consumer properties and high nutritional value from secondary raw materials of the dairy industry. The technology of creating new functional health-improving combined milk-vegetable drinks for health food has been scientifically substantiated and developed. The basis of these drinks is natural raw materials - milk whey and a mixture of pumpkin and carrot puree. At the first stage, experimental samples were manufactured using different leavens. At the second stage, for the further formation of the optimal taste and functional recipe, experimental samples were prepared with the addition of different amounts of vegetable functional components - a mixture of pumpkin and carrot puree. During the experiment, research samples were developed: ztime 1. – pumpkin puree 70%, carrot 30%; sample 2. – pumpkin puree 30%, carrot 70%; sample 3. – pumpkin puree 50%, carrot 50%. The data obtained as a result of the experiment confirmed the adequacy of the developed recipe and technology of the whey-based drink with the addition of plant components and proved its functionality.
DEVELOPMENT OF MILLED VEGETATIVE SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS WITH HIGH CONTENT OF VALUABLE ALBUMEN SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS WITH HIGH CONTENT OF VALUABLE ALBUMEN
Authors: Kushnir Yurii
Published: January 2025

Population growth leads to the need to increase the production of meat as a raw material for obtaining food products based on it, in particular, chopped semi-finished products. Therefore, the use of raw materials of plant origin for the development of new types of chopped semi-finished products is relevant. The purpose of the work is the development of chopped semi-finished products on a plant basis with an increased content of complete protein. The principal content of this work was development of formulation of free of use of products of animal origin character by preserving of its nutritional value by criterion of content of irreplaceable amino acids not less of those ones in based on use of beef standardized product. Taking this criterion in mind, we choose as the source of albumen the soy and wheat texturate. This ingredient of the mix contains about of 70 % of albumens, as well as isoflafones character by antineoplastic properties. The factor second by importance taken into consideration was the need to replace the lard used I standardized composition for vegetative fat. The use of olive oil was refused because of its expensiveness and relative deficit. Therefore, we recommend to use in this work the mix of sunflower and oils. Use of the latter one was motivated by the need of reaching of relatively low content in the mix of omega-6 fatty acid as compared with the same index of omega-3 fatty acid, as well as compensation of loss of vitally necessary myristic acid in refusing of use of lard. Use in the mix of such acid was substantiated by need of adding the product in development of properties of bettering of state of cordial and nervous system, and regulation of concentration in blood of “bad” cholesterol. Givingthe vegetative mix of customary color was done in adding into the product of beet juice rich by colorant of betaine character also by properties of antioxidant and assisting in improving of assimilation of albumens and bettering of functioning of liver. Taking the properties of listed ingredients into consideration, there was developed the optimized formulation of milled semi-finished product, which contains 21 % of soy-and-wheat texturate, 5.0 % of sunflower oil, 6.3 % of coconut oil, 1.0 % of beet juice and some substances of auxiliary character, namely hydrolyzed vegetative albumen, methylcellulose, extract of yeasts, and smelling agent of AlmaMit C25/11. It was shown that the product in development contains 5.0 % of irreplaceable amino acids and 9.1 % of replaceable ones what is sufficiently more of such indices of control product. The summarizing conclusion is that the set task of development of milled semi-finished product free of ingredients of animal origin, and character by more rational composition of albumen was carried into effect.