bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Acoustic Spectroscopy to the Characterization of Surfactant Solutions, Emulsions, and Microemulsions: d–Limonene–Water–C12EO7–Isopropanol System
Authors: Zelenev Andrei S.
Published: June 2019

The application of acoustic spectroscopy to the characterization of binary C12EO7—water system was studied. It was discovered that the size of micelles in aqueous surfactant solutions could not be determined, but it was possible to determine the size of water nanodomains existing in the surfactant‐rich systems. It was suggested that in colloidal systems, the energy of ultrasonic waves is dissipated only by interfaces existing between condensed phases. The characterization of Winsor transitions by acoustic spectroscopy in water/d‐limonene system stabilized by a mixture of nonionic surfactant and isopropyl alcohol (cosolvent) was also explored. In one study, systems with a constant d‐limonene to water weight ratio obtained in the course of titration of d‐limonene‐in‐water emulsion with increasing amounts of surfactant+alcohol were investigated. In another study, a balanced d‐limonene/water microemulsion was sequentially diluted with water and d‐limonene. The transition between Winsor I and Winsor IV systems was monitored in both cases. Droplet size distributions were calculated using different models for dispersed and continuous phase composition. It was demonstrated that the magnitude of acoustic scattering played a significant role in the ability to reliably determine droplet size distributions, and in particular to simultaneously observe nanometer‐size and micron‐size droplets in Winsor I systems. An attempt was made to account for intrinsic attenuation of surfactant and alcohol by associating them with the aqueous phase, but this approach was shown not to be applicable in the case of Winsor IV microemulsions.
AMHCA moves to advance profession, focus on people in need
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2019

The American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA), in preparing for its upcoming annual meeting, is not only unveiling a new credentialing and continuing education initiative (see story, beginning on page 1), but also intends to ensure members know, through its new vision and new mission, that their ultimate responsibility is to the people they serve.
Stability and convergence of two‐grid Crank‐Nicolson extrapolation scheme for the time‐dependent natural convection equations
Authors: Liang Hongxia , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we consider the Crank‐Nicolson extrapolation scheme for the 2D/3D unsteady natural convection problem. Our numerical scheme includes the implicit Crank‐Nicolson scheme for linear terms and the recursive linear method for nonlinear terms. Standard Galerkin finite element method is used to approximate the spatial discretization. Stability and optimal error estimates are provided for the numerical solutions. Furthermore, a fully discrete two‐grid Crank‐Nicolson extrapolation scheme is developed, the corresponding stability and convergence results are derived for the approximate solutions. Comparison from aspects of the theoretical results and computational efficiency, the two‐grid Crank‐Nicolson extrapolation scheme has the same order as the one grid method for velocity and temperature in H1‐norm and for pressure in L2‐norm. However, the two‐grid scheme involves much less work than one grid method. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to verify the established theoretical results and illustrate the performances of the developed numerical schemes.
Tacrolimus Concentration‐to‐Dose Ratios in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Relationship to Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Bartlett Felicia E. , Carthon Clarice E. , Hagopian Jennifer C. , Horwedel Timothy A. , January Spenser E. , Malone Andrew
Published: June 2019

Introduction

One factor impacting tacrolimus interpatient variability is the presence of CYP3A5 polymorphisms. Low tacrolimus concentration‐to‐dose ratios (CDRs), or rapid metabolizers (RMs), have been associated with poor graft function outcomes and higher biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR) rates in a predominantly white population. Pretransplant CYP genotyping is not routinely conducted, and therefore only a small number of studies have assessed the use of tacrolimus CDRs as a surrogate for metabolism. We explored differences in outcomes between patients with low tacrolimus CDRs and high tacrolimus CDRs (i.e., nonrapid metabolizers [NRMs]) in a diverse patient population.

Objective

To determine the relationship between tacrolimus CDRs and graft and patient outcomes in kidney transplant recipients at a large transplant center between 2006 and 2016.

Methods

Inclusion criteria consisted of adult kidney transplant recipients who received rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction followed by a maintenance regimen of tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisone. The primary end point was BPAR at 1 year. Secondary end points included graft survival, patient survival, and toxicities. Determination of clusters was conducted using the two‐step cluster analysis with a defined two‐cluster distribution. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were created using the log‐rank test.

Results

The NRM cluster consisted of 322 patients with a mean CDR of 2.91 ng/ml/mg. The RM cluster consisted of 932 patients with a mean CDR of 1.14 ng/ml/mg. The BPAR at 1 year posttransplant was 3.7% in the NRM cluster and 3.6% in the RM cluster (p=0.95). Death at 5 years was higher in the NRM group compared with the RM group for unknown reasons (p=0.03). Differences in the incidence of posttransplant toxicities were not statistically significant at any time point, except for increased rates of cutaneous cancer at 5 years and cardiovascular disease overall in the NRM group.

Conclusion

Tailoring tacrolimus therapy early posttransplant based on CDR is not supported by the findings in this study.
Synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)–Fe3+/gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol) triple‐network supramolecular hydrogels with high toughness, high strength and self‐healing properties
Authors: Jing Zhanxin , Zhang Qiangshan , Liang Yan‐Qiu , Zhang Zhaoxia , Hong Pengzhi , Li Yong
Published: June 2019

Hydrogels with good mechanical and self‐healing properties are of great importance for various applications. Poly(acrylic acid)–Fe3+/gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PAA‐Fe3+/Gelatin/PVA) triple‐network supramolecular hydrogels were synthesized by a simple one‐pot method of copolymerization, cooling and freezing/thawing. The PAA‐Fe3+/Gelatin/PVA triple‐network hydrogels exhibit superior toughness, strength and recovery capacity compared to single‐ and double‐network hydrogels. The mechanical properties of the synthesized hydrogels could be tailored by adjusting the compositions. The PAA‐Fe3+/Gelatin/PVA triple‐network hydrogel with 0.20 mmol Fe3+, 3% gelatin and 15% PVA could achieve good mechanical properties, the tensile strength and elongation at break being 239.6 kPa and 12.8 mm mm−1, respectively, and the compression strength reaching 16.7 MPa under a deformation of about 91.5%. The synthesized PAA‐Fe3+/Gelatin/PVA triple‐network hydrogels have good self‐healing properties owing to metal coordination between Fe3+ and carboxylic groups, hydrogen bonding between the gelatin chains and hydrogen bonding between the PVA chains. Healed PAA‐Fe3+(0.20)/Gelatin3%/PVA15% triple‐network hydrogels sustain a tensile strength of up to 231.4 kPa, which is around 96.6% of the tensile strength of the original samples. Therefore, the synthesized triple‐network supramolecular hydrogels would provide a new strategy for gel research and expand the potential for their application. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A Concise Approach for the Synthesis of the ABCD Ring System of Alpkinidine
Authors: Volvoikar Prajesh S. , Tilve Santosh G. , Zubkov Fedor I.
Published: June 2019

A two step synthesis of a benzo analog of alpkinidine is described via Negishi coupling followed by a base mediated annulation reaction strategy. The organozinc compound prepared from ethyl 2‐iodobenzoate was coupled with 4‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinolin‐1‐one to obtain ethyl 2‐(2‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinolin‐4‐yl)‐benzoate which on further treatment with a base provided ABCD ring system of alpkinidine.
Cost Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers Catalysed by CuI, Imidazolium Chloride and Cs2CO3
Authors: Paul Sudeep , Joy Bony P. , Rajendran Rajarajan , Gudimetla Vittal B.
Published: June 2019

Synthetically versatile imidazolium chlorides, especially 1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazolium chloride (IPrHCl) along with copper (I) iodide and cesium carbonate, were found to be useful to form C−O bonds via coupling of phenols and aryl/heteroaryl bromides. In this catalysis, the metal:ligand (Cu:IPr) loading was optimised to 1.0 mol%, making it an inexpensive and a simple one pot catalytic route for synthesising a variety of diaryl ethers. The catalytic cycle was probed by UV‐Vis, FT‐IR and HRMS techniques confirming involvement of a copper‐imidazolium‐carbonate complex.
Distinct Anti‐Corrosion Performance of Q235 Carbon Steel and 316 Stainless Steel from the Perspective of Photoelectrochemical Response
Authors: Qiu Ping , Li Fei , Sun Xulu , Gao Panpan , Yang Lianjie , Chen Changfeng , Ge Lei
Published: June 2019

It is well accepted that stainless steel presents higher corrosion resistance than carbon steel under atmospheric conditions. This study investigates the distinct anti‐corrosion performance between them from the aspect of photoelectrochemical response, which is exposed in simulated atmospheric conditions under visible‐light illumination. The difference on corrosion resistance is evident from the potential shift, the anodic Tafel slope and the charge transfer resistance recorded on the samples under illumination. IR spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy and XPS depth profile reveal that the dual layered structure of corrosion products are formed on Q235 carbon steel and 316 stainless steel. The inner corrosion products, which are chromium oxide/hydroxide for stainless steel and magnetite for carbon steel, play a main role in the photo‐generated charges migration behavior.
On‐Surface Cucurbit[n]uril Supramolecular Recognition for an Optical Sensor Design
Authors: Jiménez Javier , Blasco Sonia , Blanco Elias , Atienzar Pedro , del Pozo María , Quintana Carmen
Published: June 2019

A novel optical sensor, based on the use of the macrocyclic receptor cucurbit[7]uril as molecular selector taking part of a sensing poly(vinyl chloride)‐based membrane immobilized onto a quartz slide surface, has been developed and tested to thiabendazole analysis. The method is built upon the increase of the thiabendazole fluorescence as a result of the supramolecular recognition event. Variables involved in the membrane construction and fluorescence measurements have been evaluated and optimized. The sensing membrane is prepared by a spin‐coating procedure (1 min at 800 r.p.m.). An increase of more than 2 fold in the fluorescence signal is observed when the supramolecular complex is immobilized into the membrane respect to that observed for the free guest. Under optimized conditions, the dispositive responds in a few seconds to thiabendazole concentrations at 10−7 M level. In addition, the characterization of the supramolecular complex together with lifetime measurements is included.
Construction of 3D Hierarchical GO/MoS2/g‐C3N4 Ternary Nanocomposites with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Degradation Performance
Authors: Yan Jia , Song Zhilong , Wang Xin , Xu Yuanguo , Pu Wenjie , Ji Haiyan , Xu Hui , Yuan Shouqi , Li Huaming
Published: June 2019

Hierarchical graphene oxide/molybdenum sulphide/carbon nitride (GO/MoS2/g‐C3N4) ternary nanostructure with visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic property are prepared employing a simple and facile solvothermal method. Systematical characterizations like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and photoluminescence spectra, have been carried out to figure out composition, structure and optical properties of the ternary composites, accompanied with their physical and chemical interface state among GO, MoS2 and g‐C3N4. The GO/MoS2/g‐C3N4 ternary photocatalyst exhibits excellent visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic activity for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation reaching up to 96.7%. More significantly, the hierarchical nanostructured ternary system shows good photostability and reusability with a minor degradation of 1.5%. The enhanced visible‐light photodegradation properties would be owing to the synergetic effects of GO, MoS2 and g‐C3N4 in the hierarchical ternary GO/MoS2/g‐C3N4 nanocomposites favourable for the photogenerated electrons‐holes separation and transfer. In addition, the surface reaction species is also confirmed by the trapping experiments and a reaction mechanism is proposed.
Multiple Nanosheets Assembled Nanoflower‐like MnO2 to Anchor Polysulfides for Improving Electrochemical Performance in Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Jianing , Li Yanpei , Li Wenwen , Sun Changzhi , Qi Congyu , Jin Jun , Wen Zhaoyin
Published: June 2019

Lithium sulfur batteries hold great promise as the new generation post‐lithium‐ion batteries in virtue of high theoretical energy density (2600 W h/kg) and low cost of sulfur. However, the practical application of the batteries is being hindered by their poor cycling stability and low Coulombic efficiency, which is mainly attributed by the dissolution of polysulfides and low electronic conductivity of sulfur. Herein, a novel cathode host was designed by mixing the nanoflower‐like MnO2 with KB powder loaded on the commercial carbon paper, delivering excellent electrochemical performance even at a high sulfur mass loading of 2.1 mg/cm2. The nanoflower‐like MnO2 obtained from the typical hydrothermal method provides abundant active sites for adsorbing polysulfides chemically. The combination between this chemical capture effect and physical constraint introduced by the pores of nanoflower‐like MnO2 and KB powder suppresses the dissolution of lithium polysulfides out of cathode region. Consequently, the modified MnO2‐KB@carbon paper‐Li2S6 cathode exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 776.4 mAh/g at 0.5 C and retain 814.3 mAh/g after 100 cycles with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. Remarkably, self‐discharge rate has been restrained to a very level of 4.7% after 48 h resting, indicating the potential of the nanoflower‐like MnO2‐KB@carbon paper‐Li2S6 cathode for improved preserving ability of lithium sulfur battery.
Auger electron emission in proton‐induced interactions in living matter: A TILDA‐V Monte Carlo tracking
Authors: Quinto Michele Arcangelo , Monti Juan Manuel , Alcocer Avila Mario Enrique , Weck Philippe F. , Fojón Omar Ariel , Rivarola Roberto Daniel , Champion Christophe
Published: June 2019

The present work focuses on studying the contribution of the Auger electron emission in proton‐induced interactions in biological matter. The Monte Carlo track‐structure code, TILDA‐V, was then used for modeling the protons beams of 10 keV to 100 MeV in biological matter, namely, water vapor and hydrated DNA. The main ionizing processes are described by means of an extensive set of ab initio differential and total cross sections computed within a quantum‐mechanical CDW‐EIS approximation.
Decentralized Cyberattack Attribution
Authors: Eichensehr Kristen E.
Published: June 2019

Attribution of state-sponsored cyberattacks can be difficult, but the significant uptick in attributions in recent years shows that attribution is far from impossible. After several years of only sporadic attributions, Western governments in 2017 began attributing cyberattacks to other governments more frequently and in a more coordinated fashion. But nongovernment actors have more consistently attributed harmful cyber activity to state actors. Although not without risks, these nongovernmental attributions play an important role in the cybersecurity ecosystem. They are often faster and more detailed than governmental attributions, and they fill gaps where governments choose not to attribute. Companies and think tanks have recently proposed centralizing attribution of state-sponsored cyberattacks in a new international entity. Such an institution would require significant start-up time and resources to establish efficacy and credibility. In the meantime, the current system of public-private attributions, decentralized and messy though it is, has some underappreciated virtues—ones that counsel in favor of preserving some multiplicity of attributors even alongside any future attribution entity.
Exploring Migrant Employees’ ‘Rights-Talk’ in the British Hospitality Sector
Authors: GOETHALS Samentha
Published: June 2019

How do migrant employees understand and articulate human rights in the British hospitality sector? This article contributes to the discussion on the translation of human rights responsibility in business by introducing ‘rights-talk’ as an analytical lens to explore and theorize about employees’ situated understanding and uses of human rights as a language and a moral evaluative frame. The analysis highlights the importance of (in)equality in employees’ everyday experience of rights, and points to several disincentives for them to engage with and in rights-talk including social and organizational disrespect, managerial disregard for employees’ claims, and their largely connotative use of human rights language. These insights advance theorizing and open research avenues on the significance of human rights in organizations from a bottom-up perspective, while the inquiry’s micro-level focus enriches business and human rights’ methodological toolbox. The findings are also significant for business human rights responsibility in contexts of heightened anti-immigration discourse and policies.
The impact of formulary restriction on the relative consumption of carbapenems in intensive care units at an academic medical center
Authors: Pierce Jacob W. , Kirk Andrew , Lee Kimberly B. , Markley John D. , Pakyz Amy , Bearman Gonzalo , Doll Michelle E. , Stevens Michael P.
Published: June 2019

Antipseudomonal carbapenems are an important target for antimicrobial stewardship programs. We evaluated the impact of formulary restriction and preauthorization on relative carbapenem use for medical and surgical intensive care units at a large, urban academic medical center using interrupted time-series analysis.
Early Mandarin loanwords in contemporary English
Authors: Wu Zhen
Published: June 2019

English vocabulary has expanded over centuries by ‘borrowing’ lexical items from other languages (Katamba, 2005; Durkin, 2014). Compared with European languages, non-European languages are never major sources of word borrowing in English, with Chinese staying even more peripheral. Scholars have recorded no more than a few hundred English words of Chinese origin. This, however, does not make it easier to study the etymology and semantics of Chinese loanwords. The complication arises from the various source dialects from which Chinese words were borrowed (Mandarin, Cantonese, Amoy, Hokkien, etc.) and also from transcription processes, in which Chinese logograms are ‘romanised’ into phonetic representations so as to be readable for English speakers. It is a procedure easily affected by the transcribers' own cognition and the transcription systems employed, and the arbitrariness of the above variables contributes much to the fact that the orthography of Chinese loanwords, especially those entering the English language early, are prone to changes. This article aims to shed some light on how the ways of transcription may affect the spelling of Chinese loanwords.
CROWNING RULERS AND YEARS: INTERPRETING THE YEAR SIGN HEADDRESS AT TEOTIHUACAN
Authors: Nielsen Jesper , Helmke Christophe
Published: June 2019

Headdresses, as opulent markers of rank and affiliation, offer a unique opportunity to examine sociopolitical roles and offices at Teotihuacan. In particular, in light of the few surviving glyphic texts from the site, the representations of headdresses, either in isolation, as part ritual investitures, or actively worn by individuals, are in fact one of the few ways to achieve a deeper understanding of the nature, structure, and institutional aspects of social stations and in the ancient metropolis. In this paper, we will first discuss the elemental properties of headdresses in Teotihuacan iconography as well as the rites of accession upon which these symbolic markers were acquired. Thereafter, we suggest that several kinds of headdresses are also associated with specific named houses at Teotihuacan, which indicate their close affiliation with certain powerful institutions. Finally, we focus on some of the specific types of headdresses, and especially those qualified by the so-called Year Sign (Figure 1). Based on comparisons with Classic and Epiclassic calendrical records, wherein dates are also crowned by the same headdress, as well as with the diadem of the Late Postclassic Mexica rulers, the xiuhhuitzolli, we put forth a new interpretation of its meaning at Teotihuacan.
The Avifauna of the Rio Branco, an Amazonian evolutionary and ecological hotspot in peril
Authors: NAKA LUCIANO N. , LARANJEIRAS THIAGO ORSI , LIMA GISIANE RODRIGUES , PLASKIEVICZ ALICE C. , MARIZ DANIELE , COSTA BRUNA M. DA , MENEZES H. SUZANY G. DE , TORRES MARCELA DE F. , COHN-HAFT MARIO
Published: June 2019

The Rio Branco is a river with unique biogeographic and ecological features, threatened by the Brazilian Government’s plan to build a major hydroelectric dam and associated hydroway along its course. The river crosses one of Amazonia’s largest rainfall gradients and a major geomorphological boundary along a savanna/forest ecotone, marked by the Bem Querer rapids. Above the rapids, the upper Rio Branco runs through the Boa Vista sedimentary formation and crosses the crystalline rocks of the Guiana Shield, and its margins are flanked by gallery forests. Downriver, it runs through a low-lying sedimentary basin, with Amazonian floodplain forests along its margins. Here, we present the results of ∼ 15 years of ornithological research on the Branco and its major tributaries, providing baseline data and evaluating potential threats to the riverine avifauna. Our surveys included opportunistic observations and standardized surveys along the entire length of the river in 16 systematically distributed localities. We catalogued 439 bird species, 87% of which are documented by physical evidence (specimens, recordings, photographs). Forty-six percent are restricted to single habitats, suggesting a high degree of habitat specialisation. A third of the species are widely distributed along the river, whereas 45% are restricted to either the upper or the lower Rio Branco, including 40 and 30 Indicator Species, respectively. Twenty-five species are threatened at global or national levels, including two ‘Critically Endangered’, nine ‘Vulnerable’, and 14 ‘Near Threatened’. We present a list of 50 bird species that are candidates for monitoring studies. Threats to the avifauna from dam construction include permanent flooding above the dam, eliminating gallery forests, river islands, and sandy beaches, and the disruption of the flood pulse along the river, affecting river island and floodplain forest specialists, many of which are globally threatened with extinction. If built, the Bem Querer dam will wipe out the ecotone region and affect dramatically the river’s avifauna.
Real-time three-dimensional trans-oesophageal echocardiography-guided balloon dilation of pulmonary venous pathway obstruction in a patient with dextro-transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch surgery: a case report
Authors: Nitta Manabu , Sugano Teruyasu , Iwata Kiwamu
Published: June 2019

A percutaneous transcatheter balloon dilation of a pulmonary venous pathway obstruction was successfully performed in a 40-year-old patient after a Mustard procedure. During the procedure, real-time three-dimensional trans-oesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the morphology of the obstruction. Our case highlights the usefulness of real-time three-dimensional trans-oesophageal echocardiography as a guide for transcatheter intervention in the increasing number of adults with CHD.
Endoskopische Prävention von Darmkrebs – Detektion, Therapie und Kontrollintervalle
Authors: Groth Stefan , Seewald Stefan
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Koloskopie ist der Goldstandard für die Diagnostik von Adenomen und Frühkarzinomen des Dickdarms. Die Durchführung sollte nach definierten Standards und Qualitätsrichtlinien erfolgen. Der wichtigsten Qualitätsparameter sind Adenomdetektionsrate, Rückzugszeit und Darmvorbereitung. Ein Grossteil der technischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre, wie z. B. Aufsatzkappen, Weitwinkel-Optiken und Spezialfilter zielen darauf ab, die Detektionsrate zu verbessern. Techniken, wie die endoskopische Mukosaresektion (EMR), die endoskopische Submukosadissektion (ESD) und die Vollwandresektion ermöglichen es, Adenome und Frühkarzinome sicher und kurativ zu entfernen. Die Kontrollintervalle richten sich nach Befund und familiärer Belastung und sind durch die Fachgesellschaften festgelegt.
Radiologisch bildgebende Verfahren in der Diagnose, Abklärung und Therapiebegleitung des kolorektalen Karzinoms
Authors: Rasmus Matthias , Boll Daniel T.
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Therapieansätze und Möglichkeiten in der Behandlung des kolorektalen Karzinoms werden zunehmend vielfältiger und spezieller. Damit erweitern sich auch die Wünsche und Anforderungen an bildgebende Verfahren. Die Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin ist etablierter Teil des interdisziplinären Tumorboards und somit unmittelbar am Therapiemanagement der Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom beteiligt. Es ist abzusehen, dass die Bedeutung bildgebender Verfahren für zunehmend komplexe und individualisierte Therapie-Entscheidungen weiter zunehmen wird. Der Artikel fasst die gängigen bildgebenden Verfahren in Diagnose, Abklärung und weiteren Therapiebegleitung des kolorektalen Karzinoms in Anlehnung an aktuelle Empfehlungen zusammen. Darüber hinaus wird ein kurzer Ausblick auf laufende Entwicklungen, Erwartungen und zukünftige Wünsche an bildgebende Verfahren bereitgestellt.
Site and Timing of Substantial India‐Asia Collision Inferred From Crustal Volume Budget
Authors: Zhou Jianxun , Su Hao
Published: June 2019

It is widely assumed that the India‐Asia collision initiated at 55 ± 5 Ma along the Indus‐Yarlung suture zone. Paradoxically, however, the majority of tectonic responses to collision as well as the accelerated faunal exchange between the two continents did not occur until circa 35–30 Ma and intense deformation and uplift occurred along the southern side of the Tibetan Himalaya rather than the Indus‐Yarlung suture zone. Additionally, this widely accepted scenario requires large‐scale subduction of buoyant continental crust into the dense mantle, which is inconsistent with tectonic reconstructions of Gondwana as well as the general knowledge of physics. Here we present evidence from crustal volume budget calculations to show that (1) at 55 ± 5 Ma 2,100 ± 840 km of oceanic lithosphere existed between India and the Lhasa Block and hence India‐Asia collision is unlikely to have occurred at that time, (2) substantial India‐Asia collision should have occurred after this large region of oceanic lithosphere had been consumed by subduction, along the south side of Tibetan Himalaya diachronously at 32 ± 2 Ma in the west, 23 ± 2 Ma in the east and 18 ± 2 Ma in the center, and (3) no large‐scale subduction of continental crust occurred during India‐Asia collision. These findings resolve the problematic issues that have not been satisfactorily explained by many existing models for the system and suggest that the evolution of the Himalaya‐Tibet orogen and many existing geodynamic models of India‐Asia collision requires critical reassessment.
A long-period and high-stability three-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering hotspot matrix
Authors: Ge Meihong , Li Pan , Cao Chentai , Li Shaofei , Lin Dongyue , Yang Liangbao
Published: June 2019

A simple and effective method to construct a long-period and high-stability 3D hotspot matrix with the assistance of glycerol.
One dimensional hierarchical nanoflakes with nickel-immobilization for high performance catalysis and histidine-rich protein adsorption
Authors: Wang Na , Wen Qiong , Liu Libin , Xu Jingli , Zheng Jing , Yue Mingbo , Asiri Abdullah M. , Marwani Hadi M. , Zhang Min
Published: June 2019

Herein, we described a facile strategy for the controllable synthesis of three dimensional hierarchical nickel based composites, which exhibited excellent performance on catalysis and protein adsorption.
The role of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping and structure-directing agent in the formation of Pt nanocubes
Authors: Safo I. A. , Werheid M. , Dosche C. , Oezaslan M.
Published: June 2019

Simple, robust and resource-friendly synthesis of nano-sized Pt NCs with high purity based on PVP as a structure-directing agent.
PCL–DOX microdroplets: an evaluation of the enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin in metastatic cancer cells via in silico and in vitro approaches
Authors: Kaushik Aman Chandra , Kumar Ajay , Yu Chun-Yen , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Liang Shih-Shin , Singh Satya P. , Wang Xiangeng , Wang Yan-Jing , Yen Chung-Kun , Dai Xiaofeng , Wei Dong-Qing , Pan Cheng-Tang , Shiue Yow-Ling
Published: June 2019

A schematic diagram of HCC & TACE; injections of HepaSphere with DOX are made into the femoral artery, abdominal aorta, and hepatic artery to make the tumor shrink to a resectable size due to a shortage of nutrients and drug treatment.
Rapid access to sulfate-encapsulated symmetrical and asymmetrical capsules based on silver–pyrazole complex cations
Authors: Chou Chang-Chuan , Lai Yu-Ting , Yang Chia-Chi , Kuo Ting-Sen
Published: June 2019

A new class of sulfate-encapsulated symmetrical and asymmetrical capsules is developed through ion-pair complexation.
The Fornax3D project: Tracing the assembly history of the cluster from the kinematic and line-strength maps
Authors: Iodice E. , Sarzi M. , Bittner A. , Coccato L. , Costantin L. , Corsini E. M. , van de Ven G. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Gadotti D. A. , Lyubenova M. , Martín-Navarro I. , McDermid R. M. , Nedelchev B. , Pinna F. , Pizzella A. , Spavone M. , Viaene S.
Published: June 2019

The 31 brightest galaxies (mB ≤ 15 mag) inside the virial radius of the Fornax cluster were observed from the centres to the outskirts with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer on the Very Large Telescope. These observations provide detailed high-resolution maps of the line-of-sight kinematics, line strengths of the stars, ionised gas reaching 2–3 Re for 21 early-type galaxies, and 1–2 Re for 10 late-type galaxies. The majority of the galaxies are regular rotators, with eight hosting a kinematically distinct core. Only two galaxies are slow rotators. The mean age, total metallicity, and [Mg/Fe] abundance ratio in the bright central region inside 0.5 Re and in the galaxy outskirts are presented. Extended emission-line gas is detected in 13 galaxies, most of them are late-type objects with wide-spread star formation. The measured structural properties are analysed in relation to the galaxies’ position in the projected phase space of the cluster. This shows that the Fornax cluster appears to consist of three main groups of galaxies inside the virial radius: the old core; a clump of galaxies, which is aligned with the local large-scale structure and was accreted soon after the formation of the core; and a group of galaxies that fell in more recently.
Adapting of bridges at mining area to the lowered bed of rivers
Authors: Bętkowski Piotr
Published: June 2019

This article describes technical problems concerning bridges, dangers that arise when the bottom of the river bed is lowered during the liquidation of the floodplains. These floodplains arise as a result of terrain subsidence caused by mining exploitation. In urban areas with developed building and road infrastructure, bayous can cause significant social and material damages. One of manners of the floodplain liquidation or long-lasting lowering the water table is lowering the bottom of river channel on the leakage from bayou. Lowering the river channel can concern the section of few kilometres even long. Lowering the riverbed by dredging or considerable deepening generally does not cause important problems. Significant technical problems are generated by bridge objects. In the case of bridges, it is necessary to ensure the stability of bridgeheads, protect foundations from washing away and undermining. It is necessary to design channel reinforcement so that significant horizontal forces do not occur due to removing the part of the soil-ground from the riverbed (lack of passive ground pressure). Several technical solutions of adapting existing bridges to the lowered river bed for different structures are described.
Large-scale Rowe cell experimental study on coefficient of consolidation of coal mine tailings
Authors: Szczepan Olek Bartłomiej , Pilecka Elżbieta
Published: June 2019

Tailings are the co-product of mining activities which is usually deposited in the form of slurry with high water content and compressibility. Consolidation properties of tailing materials are important for any disposal and storage actions, posing significant challenges in mining industry. In the present study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the compressibility and consolidation properties of coal mine tailings. The investigation were carried out on material with different grain-sizes upon application of incremental loads in a large-scale Rowe cell. The samples were collected from open pit Turów Coal Mine in Poland. Remolded samples were manufactured in laboratory as three batches of different size-ratio between fine and coarse particles, i.e. 0.5, 0.75, 0.25. Simultaneous measurements of settlements together with pore water pressure were used for determination of coefficient of consolidation, cv. For this purpose gradient method was used which is applicable for whole the consolidation curve including secondary consolidation.
A brief analysis of behaviour possibility of a jointed rock mass near to longwall excavation face simulation using Distinct Elements Method (DEM) in the context of the Beam on Elastic Foundation (BEF) theory
Authors: Tomiczek Krzysztof
Published: June 2019

Rock masses are discontinuous medium. Using the program based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM) UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) a 2D model of the rock mass near the longwall face was built. The UDEC code, due to its properties, is particularly suitable for modelling discontinuous and jointed rock masses. The coal bed lying at a depth of 700m had a thickness of 3m and was mined by longwall system with caving. The total face advance was 415m. The model had dimensions of 1500×500m (w×h). A vertical stress of σz=7.2MPa was applied to the upper edge of the model. The mechanized support protected the roof for a length of 4m at a distance of 2m from the face of the longwall. During simulation, among others, vertical displacements of roof and vertical stresses were closely examined. There were observed phenomena of bending, cracking, loosening and falling of roof blocks of rock. The results of numerical simulations were compared with the results of analytical solutions. The calculations were based on the solutions of the elastic foundation beam theory and the stress wave theory. Comparable shapes of arch pressure σzmax and the range of its impact were obtained.
The importance of the „0”state in the context of dynamic influences
Authors: Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja , Stypula Krzysztof , Melcer Jozef
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, in the increasingly expanding of dynamical influences in the more and more urbanized cities and increased awareness of the owners of the buildings vibrations could be a problem. This paper considers the problem of an inventory of buildings damages as collateral for the investor as well as for owners of buildings located in the zone of dynamical influences. The “0” state inventory could be very helpful base. In this article good practice guidelines during such inventory are clearly described.
Liquid Biopsy – Diagnostik mit Januskopf?
Authors: Holzhauer Peter
Published: June 2019

Die manchmal unfassbaren und grenzenlos anmutenden Einblicke in die molekulare Individualität eines jeden von uns wurden in den letzten Jahren durch rasante Fortschritte im Bereich innovativer molekulargenetischer Untersuchungsmethoden, wie Next Generation Sequencing möglich.
Der kausale Zusammenhang von Prostata-Hyperplasie, chronischer Prostatitis und Prostatakrebs
Authors: Jacob Ludwig Manfred
Published: June 2019

Die häufigsten Erkrankungen der Prostata sind Prostatitis, die benigne Prostata-Hyperplasie (BPH) und das Prostatakarzinom (PCa). Die westliche Ernährungs- und Lebensweise führt typischerweise zu einer Vermehrung von Bauchfett, erhöhten Spiegeln von Cholesterin, Östrogenen und Dihydrotestosteron (DHT) sowie Insulin und IGF-1, welche die Entwicklung von ProstataHyperplasie und -krebs fördern. Die vergrößerte Prostata begünstigt die Entwicklung einer chronischen Prostatitis, indem sie zu Urinrückfluss in die Prostata führt. Dies wirkt sich in der peripheren Zone der Prostata am schlimmsten aus, da sie ein schlechtes Ablaufsystem hat. Der proinflammatorischste Stoff im Urin ist kristalline Harnsäure, die sich bei pH 5,5 bildet. So sauer ist bei der heute typischen säurebildenden Ernährung häufig der Morgenurin, der insbesondere nachts (Nykturie) in die Prostata gelangt. Auch die Aktivität der 5-alpha-Reduktase ist bei saurem pH stark erhöht und prokanzerogenes DHT wird verstärkt gebildet. Die chronische Prostatitis fördert insbesondere durch den dauerhaft erhöhten oxidativen und nitrosativen Stress die Entstehung eines Prostatakarzinoms in der Randzone. Klassische Kanzerogene im Urin und im Enddarm verstärken den Prozess. Epidemiologisch passt dazu, dass die typischen „Säureerkrankungen“ Gicht und Nierensteine mit einem stark erhöhten Prostatakrebsrisiko einhergehen, während pflanzliche, basenbildende Ernährungsweisen das Risiko deutlich reduzieren und in klinischen Studien sogar bestehende Karzinome hemmen.
Neuronavigation – Konzeption einer praktischen
Unterweisung
Authors: Friedrichs Isabel
Published: June 2019

Moderne Medizintechnik ist aus dem OP nicht mehr wegzudenken. Da es sich dabei
meist um hochkomplexe Systeme handelt, ist eine gute und umfangreiche
Praxisanleitung für neue Mitarbeiter unerlässlich. Wie ihnen das Prinzip und die
Funktionsweise der Technik vermittelt werden können, erklärt unsere Autorin am
Beispiel der Neuronavigation.
Haemostatic, Endothelial and Lipoprotein Parameters and Blood Pressure Levels in Women with a History of Preeclampsia
Authors: He Shu , Silveira Angela , Hamsten Anders , Blombäck Margareta , Bremme Katarina
Published: June 2019

To determine whether perturbations of haemostatic function and lipoprotein metabolism prevail long after preeclampsia and increase the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD), we conducted a follow-up study in women with (cases, n = 25) or without (controls, n = 24) a history of preeclampsia. Blood samples were taken in the follicular and in the luteal phases of a menstrual cycle. Levels of blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria measured during the index pregnancy were included in the evaluation. Compared to control women who had undergone a normal pregnancy, the formerly preeclamptic patients had higher systolic (p <0.01) and diastolic (p <0.05) BPs and increased plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (all p <0.05). The lipid, vWF, and fibrinogen levels were positively related to the degree of BP elevation but not to the degree of proteinuria during the index pregnancy. Except for the increase in vWF level, all biochemical perturbations were only present in the luteal but not in the follicular phase samples. In conclusion, persistent endothelial dysfunction with ensuing dysregulation of blood pressure, haemostatic perturbation and dyslipoproteinemia after preeclampsia may indicate a proneness to future CHD.
DNA-Polymorphisms and Plasma Levels of Vascular Disease Risk Factors in Greenland Inuit
Authors: de Maat Moniek P. M. , Bladbjerg Else Marie , Johansen Lars G. , de Knijff Peter , Gram Jørgen , Kluft Cornelis , Jespersen Jørgen
Published: June 2019

Greenland Inuit are a population with a low risk of cardiovascular disease. Recently, we stated that frequencies of potentially high risk alleles of the apolipoproteins, fibrinogen, factor V, glycoprotein IIIa and factor VII (FVII) genes have different allele frequencies in the Inuit when compared with Caucasian populations. We have extended this study and evaluated whether or not this was also true for the genetic polymorphisms of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen in a group of 133 Greenland Inuit, aged 30-34 y. In addition, we compared the plasma levels of these factors and those of C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-Dimer in Inuit and in Danes, comparable for age and gender. Frequencies (f) were assessed of the alleles that are known as the potential high risk alleles in Caucasians.

In the Inuit, the f(insertion allele) of the t-PA intron8ins311 polymorphism was 0.37 (CI 0.32-0.43), the f(4G allele) of the PAI-1 promoter polymorphism was 0.88 (CI 0.83-0.91), the f(deletion allele) of the ACE intron16ins287 polymorphism was 0.40 (CI 0.33-0.47) and the f(M-allele) of the angiotensinogen M/T353 polymorphism was 0.30 (CI 0.25-0.38). As for fibrinogen and FVII polymorphisms, these frequencies are all significantly different from what is reported for Caucasian populations. In the Inuit, plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-Dimer were higher than in the Danes, the PAI-1 levels were lower and FVII, t-PA and CRP levels were comparable. The observed allele frequencies of the polymorphisms of t-PA, fibrinogen, FVII, ACE, angiotensinogen and the plasma levels of PAI-1 and D-Dimer were in accordance with the low CVD risk in the Inuit, considering the observed associations between these measures and CVD risk in Caucasian populations, but for other measures this was not the case (allele frequencies of the PAI-1 polymorphism, and plasma levels of fibrinogen, FVII and t-PA).

In conclusion there are clear differences in genetic background and plasma levels of risk factors in Greenland Inuit compared with Caucasian populations, and these differences were sometimes, but not always, in accordance with the observed low cardiovascular disease risk of the Inuit population.
Born Again: Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in an Adult without Cirrhosis
Authors: George Tom , Rajesh Sasidharan , Philips Cyriac Abby
Published: June 2019

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) develops between the por-to-mesenteric and systemic veins. The splanchnic venous system drains directly to systemic circulation in this condition. We present a case of an adult onset Type II CEPS presenting with hepatic encephalopathy. The patient underwent PARTO (plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration) and had a significant clinical improvement on subsequent follow-up. Our case highlights the importance of imaging and the role of an interventional radiologist in the management of the condition.
Focused ion beam modification of non-local magnon-based transport in yttrium iron garnet/platinum heterostructures
Authors: Schlitz Richard , Helm Toni , Lammel Michaela , Nielsch Kornelius , Erbe Artur , Goennenwein Sebastian T. B.
Published: June 2019

We study the impact of Ga ion exposure on the local and nonlocal magnetotransport response in heterostructures of the ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet and platinum. In particular, we cut the yttrium iron garnet layer in between two electrically separated wires of platinum using a Ga ion beam and study the ensuing changes in the magnetoresistive response. We find that the nonlocal magnetoresistance signal vanishes when the yttrium iron garnet film between the Pt wires is fully cut, although the local spin Hall magnetoresistance signal remains finite. This observation corroborates the notion that pure spin currents carried by magnons are crucial for the nonlocal magnetotransport effects observed in magnetic insulator/metal nanostructures, while possible transport processes through the substrate can be ruled out.
Crystal structure, spin reorientation, and rotating magnetocaloric properties of NdCo5-xSix compounds
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Mingxiao , Liu Jian , Luo Hubin , Sun Jie
Published: June 2019

The structure, spin-reorientation transitions, and the rotating magnetocaloric effect of field-oriented polycrystalline NdCo5-xSix (x = 0.0, 0.2, and 0.4) compounds were investigated. These compounds crystallize in the CaCu5-type structure with the space group P6/mmm, and the doping element Si prefers to occupy the 2c site. All these compounds show two spin-reorientation temperatures (TSR1 and TSR2). When Si content x reaching up to 0.4, TSR1 of the compounds monotonously increases from 260 K to 285 K and TSR2 increases from 285 K to 317 K, while the rotating entropy change value slightly decreases from 3.23 J/kg K to 2.60 J/kg K under a magnetic field of 2 T. These materials will be suitable refrigerants for application in room-temperature rotating magnetic refrigeration technology.
Chebyshev hierarchical equations of motion for systems with arbitrary spectral densities and temperatures
Authors: Rahman Hasan , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich
Published: June 2019

The time evolution in open quantum systems, such as a molecular aggregate in contact with a thermal bath, still poses a complex and challenging problem. The influence of the thermal noise can be treated using a plethora of schemes, several of which decompose the corresponding correlation functions in terms of weighted sums of exponential functions. One such scheme is based on the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM), which is built using only certain forms of bath correlation functions. In the case where the environment is described by a complex spectral density or is at a very low temperature, approaches utilizing the exponential decomposition become very inefficient. Here, we utilize an alternative decomposition scheme for the bath correlation function based on Chebyshev polynomials and Bessel functions to derive a HEOM approach up to an arbitrary order in the environmental coupling. These hierarchical equations are similar in structure to the popular exponential HEOM scheme, but are formulated using the derivatives of the Bessel functions. The proposed scheme is tested up to the fourth order in perturbation theory for a two-level system and compared to benchmark calculations for the case of zero-temperature quantum Ohmic and super-Ohmic noise. Furthermore, the benefits and shortcomings of the present Chebyshev-based hierarchical equations are discussed.
Design guidelines for on-chip unstable resonator cavity to suppress filamentation in GaSb-based diode lasers
Authors: Yang Chi , Kaspi Ron
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate GaSb-based diode lasers emitting near 2.7 μm that are fabricated as on-chip unstable resonator cavities using the focused ion beam tool. A near-diffraction-limited lateral beam is observed in broad-area devices where the reflection from the cylindrical mirror at the back facet overrides direct counterpropagation in the cavity to suppress the formation of filaments. We identify a geometric parameter that can be used as a general guide to optimizing the on-chip unstable resonator cavity for maximum brightness. This parameter is the aperture within the unstable resonator cavity, a measure of the angular divergence contained within the device, and is shown to correlate with the onset of filament suppression.
Predicting explosions through analyzing hotspot formation in compacted granular materials
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: June 2019

Probabilistic approach demonstrates a strong nonlinear dependence of the probability of hotspot initiation on material’s heterogeneity.