bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego a przedsiębiorczość w krajach transformujących się
Authors: Gierańczyk Wiesława
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to present the advancement of economic changes in the post-socialist states inEurope and in the former USSR in 2005, as the basis for the development of the informationsociety and the entrepreneurship. The study was based on 30 variables and the syntheticindicator of Perkal. The research on the relation between the business activities enabled theauthor to delimit the groups of similar countries. This was followed by the analysis within andbetween the groups. The main assumption of this research was the existence of a closeinterrelation between the level of the development of the information society and the level ofthe development of entrepreneurship in the transforming countries. The veriﬁcation of this assumption was based on the measurements of the correlation.
Kształtowanie społeczeństwa informacyjnego przez edukowanie w zakresie przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Sawczuk-Gołaszewska Barbara
Published: February 2021

In the information society the knowledge becomes a commodity treated as a good – equal ormore valuable than material possessions. Knowledge delivered to society thanks to technologicalprogress – for example the Internet – makes it possible to execute a strategy for developmentservice of storing, transmitting and processing information. In Poland developmentaldisproportions result from the cultural heritage of socialism which directly inﬂuences the rateof economic and social changes. Catch up on developmental backlogs it beneﬁt from buildinginformative society on the basis of others' experience. The development of informative and telecommunications technology accelerates the labor market transformations and creates newform of employment. In Poland labor structure is still behind the modern structures in high-developed countriesthat is why we hope that integration of European Union with Poland forces the necessity ofbuilding new informative systems which aid the development of economy and arrangingefﬁcient administration by using informative technology. As a priority it is decided to createconditions where everyone has access to information, shaping society's consciousness and development of intellectual and economic potential.
Wymiar profesjonalny i osobowościowy współczesnego menedżera
Authors: Żukowski Paweł
Published: February 2021

The paper introduces two aspects of the suggested proﬁle of modern manager: in relation tohis/her profession and personality. Roles, functions and tasks of manager as well as theelements of his professional model and key management abilities (personal and interpersonal),typologies of managers and set of personal characteristics the manager needs in organization,were presented.
Przesłanki i warunki wykorzystania rachunkowości i analizy finansowej w biznesplanie małego przedsiębiorcy
Authors: Bauer Kinga
Published: February 2021

A business plan focuses on a formal statement of the set business goals, the reasons why theyare believed attainable, and the plan for reaching those goals. It may also contain informationabout the organization. A business plan is usually created for the benefit of the external ownersof capital. The most important information for investors is that about costs, profits and risk.Accounting provides information about a separate economic unit. Accounting informationis verifiable, objective and quantitative. It is the basis for economic decision making. The accountinginformation system basically serves two categories of users – those that are external tothe business organization and those that are internal. Both financial and managerial accountingare possible. Organizations require both. Financial accounting is primarily for those externalto the organization; managerial accounting is for the internal use of managers, but it can alsobe used by external users. Accounting data can be used in a business plan.The demand for accounting data has grown rapidly because it increases knowledge andreduces risk. Financial institutions that supply the business with capital for investment orexpansion are very interested in such factors as the reputation and ability of the company’smanagement, its ability to meet its financial obligations, and its prospects for future success.A company’s financial statements, financial analyses and managerial accounting are an importantsource of this information. To reduce their risks lenders can demand accounting data in abusiness plan.
Przedsiębiorczość w organizacjach sieciowych w sektorze napraw samochodów
Authors: Włodarczyk Mirosław , Janczewski Jerzy
Published: February 2021

The automotive branch in Poland is the most dynamic changing area now. The characteristicis complicated, diversed forms and organization systems and way of management of business.There is necessary to use the new methods of managing, to help the top management in difficultdecision process, as result of expectation from client’s side, high competiveness, risk anduncertain conditions. The main meaning have a new forms of nets-organization, the specialconnections between subjets on the same branch and with the similar rules.
Przedsiębiorczość w warunkach integracji europejskiej na przykładzie firmy Leadership Management Polska
Authors: Bisikiewicz Mateusz
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to depict the conditions of running a business in Poland before and after EUaccession. The author presents the business situation in Poland in the post-war period andcharacterizes the changes of the 1980’s as well as their continuation before EU accession andafterwards.He draws attention to the continuing process of change as the free market economy developed,including the changes in the banking system. A separate, but equally significant issueis the growing confidence of foreign companies that has resulted in a higher index of businessactivity initiatives in Poland, as well as an investment growth that is mainly due to an improvementin Poland’s international rating. The abovementioned processes shall be presented usingthe example of the Leadership Management Polska’s experiences and development.
Przedsiębiorczość ekologiczna a rozwój lokalny
Authors: Huczek Marian
Published: February 2021

The article presents the relationship between ecological entrepreneurship and local development. The term entrepreneurship (including the ecological one) is discussed in the article aswell as the conditions of its growth. Furthermore, the ecological entrepreneurship of business, public and social organizations working in a local commune is defined. Also, the natural environmentprotection issues in the system of entrepreneurship management of a commune isdiscussed.
Przedsiębiorczość w regionie a środki pomocowe Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Murzyn Dorota
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to answer the following questions:- How the European Union funds help promote entrepreneurship in the region?- What is the role of public administration in fostering entrepreneurship?- Can the region be a subject of entrepreneurship?The article approaches different aspects of entrepreneurship from a regional perspective particularly in the context of European integration and access to EU funds.Supporting the creation and growth of businesses, in particular small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs); attracting investors and enhancing the productive capacity of regions are key ways by which public policy helps boost regional economies. This is also one of the priorities of EU regional policy and European funds. The main beneficiary of those funds in Poland are the local government units, which makes the role of public policies in fostering entrepreneurship even greater. As regions are competing for EU funds, the activity and creativity of local government units and other local actors is increasing, we can recognize a region itself as a subject of entrepreneurship.
Badania i rozwój jako element przedsiębiorczości w krajach europejskich
Authors: Gierańczyk Wiesława
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the issue of innovation in economies of European states against the USA, Japan and China. It is based on the size of investment in the R&D sector in relation to the GDP (GERD/GDP) as well as the structure of these investments. In accordance with the research the EU27 spends much less on the R&D sector than its largest competitors. Besides, the EU is diversified in those terms. In 2006 the GERD/GDP index ranged from 3.74% in Sweden to 0.43% in Cyprus. Moreover, the EU also shows a different structure of the sources of capital invested in this sector that the other studied states. Generally, the lower inclination to investment into the R&D sector is visible within the sector of companies, which lies at the basis of efficiency of the innovation system.
Badanie jakości globalizacji 2009 – ekonomiczne i zarządcze problemy a agroturystyka
Authors: Feczko Janusz
Published: February 2021

Socio­economic managment describes research on quality as its factor and its outcome. The quality of globalization is analyzed as a set of differences between expectations coucerning globalization expressed by needs, attitudes and preferences. This is very important in agritourism farms activity and the development, to come.The research of economic, management aspects of świętokrzyski region is the base for the agritourism growth.
Warsztaty samochodowe w warunkach globalizacji
Authors: Włodarczyk Mirosław , Janczewski Jerzy
Published: February 2021

The subject of paper is the issue of car service market in Poland. The development and organizational structure of car service has been presented. The main differences in car service in Poland and Germany have been pointed out. Discussion on global changes in economy linked to the car service market was undertaken.
Marketing terytorialny jako forma działań przedsiębiorczych samorządów terytorialnych w Polsce
Authors: Zdon-Korzeniowska Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, functioning of local governments is mostly affected by two phenomena: globalization and locality. Globalizations processes, and among them, tendency to increase the freedom and speed of movement of capital, people, goods and services; give businesses and citizens particular opportunities. These opportunities among others are related with the freedom to choose their place of business, residence, place of work or a place of rest. The above create a specific outlook for the places of reception of investments, businesses or individuals, and so for territorial units managed by local governments. In order to meet the global market requirements, local governments must demonstrate flexibility, innovation and market-based approach, adapting to the needs of interested groups of customers: businesses, tourists, residents, investors. Counterweight to what entails the processes of globalization is observable tendency to expose what is local by communities to emphasize their own identity and affiliation to the region. Local governments in Poland since the late 90’s have gained greater powers and greater freedom of action, which enabled them to implement their role as “managers” of territorial units, which manage, and thus have influence on the directions of development of their “small homelands”. To take advantage of emerging, therefore, opportunities, local authorities - as mentioned above - have to demonstrate entrepreneurial and innovative approach. The use of the concept of territorial marketing can be regarded without a doubt as an entrepreneurship attitude of local governments in the conditions of globalization. Market-based approach founded on the marketing concept allows one to increase the efficiency of activities related to resource management of individual territorial units, thus being a useful tool to enhance their competitiveness. This paper contains reflections on application of the concepts of territorial marketing by public authorities to manage their own development.
Ocena wykorzystania środków finansowych w ramach programu „Różnicowanie w kierunku działalności nierolniczej”
Authors: Pawlak Halina
Published: February 2021

The paper analyzes the use of EU funds for farmers wishing to start or expand a business. The study was based on the use of funds under the program “Diversification into non-agricultural activities” located within the Sectoral Operational Programme for the years 2004–2006 (SOP) and the Rural Development Plan 2007–2013 (RDP).The assessment indicated a wide variation in the use of the program in different voivodehips. These differences appear when comparing the activities associated with the SOP and those implemented under the RDP. The first edition was popular in the voivodehips characterized by a high percentage of low income households. Implementation of the RDP program has brought a significant change in the number of applications and in the speed of the utilization of resources in regions. The greatest interest in the program in the three editions of the RDP occurred in the voivodehips (with the high agriculture level) where large farms dominate the agricultural and the means are used for service activity. It may be an indicator for changes in the specifications on allocation of resources. The lack of interest in the voivodehips with a large number of not profitable farms and with an excess labour force is puzzling. Subsequent editions indicate that investments planned by the beneficiaries are becoming more thoughtful and the investment value is increasing.
Rola edukacji w procesach globalizacji
Authors: Borowiec Monika
Published: February 2021

Globalization is changing determinants of socio-economic and cultural development, and causes significant changes in education, and it poses new challenges. Intellectual resources are developed in the educational process. They are the most important factor in socio-economic development of different scale of spatial systems. The importance of education also increases the chances of the individual in getting a high position on the labor market. The article presents the variation in the quality of human capital in the European space and also the opportunities and threats posed by globalization for education especially at the tertiary level. The increasing role of entrepreneurial attitudes and ethics for the proper functioning in a changing world and for the understanding and proper evaluation of the contemporary development of the socio- -economic processes was also noted.
Studia w zakresie turystyki na tle szkolnictwa wyższego w kraju
Authors: Długosz Zbigniew , Biały Szymon
Published: February 2021

In recent years, many universities have experienced decline in recruitment. This is due to decrease of birth rate of the late 80's and 90's and the increasing number of private higher education institutions, which allow payable studying. In the academic year 2009/10 1.9 million students in Poland were studying at 456 universities, including 131 public and 325 private ones. 41 state higher education institutions used name of university, of which 18 were humanities universities, and 23 so-called adjectival. 36 universities had the status of the academy. The others were polytechnics departmental universities and state schools of higher professional education. Among the most popular fields of study Tourism and recreation took 6th place among the 125 in total, as indicated by the number of candidates for 1 place. Students are trained in the field of tourism in 75 municipalities in Poland at 183 universities, including 63 state ones. Tourism also occurs as 123 specializations in the various fields of study. It is found in the fields with similar educational profile, but also as rare and highly focused specializations. The most of universities educating in the field of Tourism and Recreation or related fields are in mazowieckie (31 universities), wielkopolskie (19), małopolskie (17) and śląskie (16) voivodeships. The smallest numbers of colleges offer such voivodeships as: opolskie (2), warmińsko- -mazurskie (3) and lubuskie (4). The popularity of this field is caused by the spread of mass tourism and rapid development of regions and sector of tourism services. An Important reason is also raising the professional qualifications and strategy for the promotion of Poland as a country attractive for tourists. However, the question arises, how useful it is to educate so many specialists in the field of tourism and whether the level of their education would allow them to find their place on a competitive labour market?
Globalizacja a ryzyko bankructwa przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Tokarski Andrzej
Published: February 2021

The economy in the world today is becoming increasingly similar to “economic instability”. The progressive processes of globalization, the development of capital markets and transnational companies and the complex and concentrated as a result of this network of connections (global spider web) in the economy mean that not only the economy, business, but also risk are subjected to globalization. This also includes a risk of bankruptcy. Practice shows that the faster virus spreads to the bankruptcy the stronger is the connection between business attacked with the diseases of insolvency and other, domestic and foreign partners. Globalization intensifies the power of spreading of bankruptcies. The article presents the impact of the risk of globalization on the bankruptcy risk of firms in the economy.
Zarządzanie innowacjami w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach w warunkach globalizacji
Authors: Kochmańska Magdalena
Published: February 2021

The essence of the process of globalization is using the market mechanism to enhance productivity  of the global economy and not only of particular countries or regions. Globalization compels companies to develop and increase their potential. In the worldwide global conditions the more innovation the companies have the more valuable they are for their shareholders. The author of the article presents the strategies of introducing such types of innovation.
Kształtowanie łańcucha wartości innowacji firm MŚP w warunkach globalizacji
Authors: Janczewska Danuta
Published: February 2021

Definition and analysis of value chain of innovation in SMEs working in conditions of globalization can be explained on the ground of the eksport area and trade exchange and works as subcontractors, cooperating with foreign companies in country or realized the services abroad. Supporting and development of innovative activity can bring the effective advantages in future, too – as distance effect. One of the main effect can be growth of competitiveness of SMEs and reduction of technological gap.
Przedsiębiorczość w edukacji dzieci i młodzieży dla świadomego i bezpiecznego uczestnictwa w ruchu drogowym
Authors: Ożdżyński Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of studies related to children and adolescents’ awareness of the road dangers and their conscious and safe participation in the road traffic. Additionally it indicates stages of education, which should undergo changes resulting in the safety improvement on the Polish roads. The conclusions of the study are compared with the intentions of the National Road Safety Programme Gambit 2005 in the field of education referring to the road safety and the conclusions of the analysis of safety on Polish roads. The article discusses the erroneous actions of adults towards children entailing failures in traffic laws observance by children and adolescents.
Kształtowanie kompetencji biznesowych uczniów gimnazjum w świetle opinii nauczycieli na podstawie wyników badań prowadzonych w ramach europejskiego projektu FIFOBI
Authors: Kurek Sławomir , Rachwał Tomasz , Szubert Mariusz
Published: February 2021

The paper contains an analysis of the research results conducted among teachers in the research project FIFOBI – “Fit for business: developing business competencies in school”. The study consisted in interviews carried out with teachers of the citizenship subject in six lower secondary schools. The interviews were conducted in a specific situation connected with implementation a new Core Curriculum and new syllabuses for the subject. This paper presents teachers’ opinions regarding: the Core Curriculum for the citizenship subject as well as implementation of chosen syllabuses in relation to business skills development, a ranking of four business competencies that make up the business skills in a broad sense (as economic, social, personal and business competencies related with running your own business) in the process of teaching the citizenship subject, proposals for changes in the Core Curriculum (syllabuses) in the business education, resulting from implementation of their chosen syllabuses, teaching methods, pre-vocational education, evaluation of the educational process and its outcomes across all four competencies.
Etyczność w przestrzennych działaniach innowacyjnych administracji publicznej
Authors: Pytko Barbara
Published: February 2021

Changes in the management of the public administration are taking place in a very turbulent manner. The initial solutions for building a quality culture of the public organizations are supported by implementation of systems designed to combat corruption. Code of ethics for public officials and employees is getting better understood and the public officials themselves tend to constitute new ethics rules now. Additionally they have started to organize activities in order to eliminate unethical behavior. These innovative solutions of a spatial character are covering the entire country. This paper presents ethical problems, which cannot be solved by using only law regulations. It also presents an analysis of the implemented innovative measures like standards in public life, declarations on ethic, codes of ethics and ethics audits. These measures also include system solutions complaint with quality requirements.The most innovative solutions in the form of System of Counteracting Corruption Threats (System Przeciwdziałania Zagrożeniom Korupcyjnym), which contains 27 requirements, are well implemented in the public institutions because they have the same structure as the requirements of ISO 9001.
Restrukturyzacja przedsiębiorstw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Azji Centralnej w dobie transformacji
Authors: Boguszyńska Iwona
Published: February 2021

In 1991 a process of post-socialist transformation has begun together with the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Central Asia. This process was chiefly about a transition from centrally planned economy to a free market. Individual countries were introducing economic reforms to a different degree and scope – some countries tried to catch up highly developed countries of the West (mainly the Central European states) more quickly, the others have chosen the path of slow modernization different from the western model of capitalism (the Central Asian states).This article aims to analyse the processes that take place in the corporate sector during the political changes in countries undergoing transitions from centrally planned economy to market economy. The analysis will employ an enterprise reform index (developed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) for the years between 1991–2009. These processes include both changes in ownership (privatization), and changes within a company (restructuring including assets, products, employment).In the analysed countries, restructuring processes were carried out differently – much faster in Central – Eastern Europe countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Estonia, Hungary) than in the countries of Central Asia, where reforms were introduced slowly and on a much smaller scale (such as Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan).
Dark tourism jako element innowacyjności biur podróży
Authors: Popiel Marcin
Published: February 2021

Travelling, both in a history of the world and or even more in the present times, is far from commonly accepted ways to do leisure activities. Tourism has evolved from the traditional “3 x S” (Sea, Sun, Sand) to “3 x E” (Entertainment, Excitement, Education). Desire to enjoy new experiences, feel unique emotions and take certain actions, it is what prevails now. A relatively new form of tourism – dark tourism, provides such an opportunity. Traveling through trails of disasters, accidents, visiting places associated with calamities and death are the best examples of such tourism. The tourism market, which is represented by, among others, the mass media, provides all sorts of information to potential tourists. Natural curiosity and desire to explore the world drives people to see a phenomenon, which is in the centre of attention of everyone. Some travel agencies are introducing innovative tourism products associated with it and by means of that they become more competitive on the tourist market. Yet the question remains whether such trips are a great idea or perhaps they are immoral. On one hand they educate and sensitize people to the plight of others, but on the other hand the human misery is becoming a sort of tourist attraction, therefore one should consider the existence and creation of such innovative offers.
Podróże motywacyjne a rozwój przedsiębiorczości w firmie na przykładzie niemieckiej i hiszpańskiej grupy pracowników
Authors: Ziółkowska-Weiss Kamila
Published: February 2021

The aim of this article is to verify a hypothesis stating that incentive trips are the best mean to raise efficiency and productivity of employees, and it is the most effective method to integrate a team of employees in a given company. This kind of trips is one of the best ways to boost effectiveness of the employees, which leads to profits increase of the company. This paper defines the goals, tasks and profits of the company, which are defined and delivered after the incentive trip. The data presented includes the outcomes of surveys that have been conducted in Spanish and German groups that took part in a motivational and incentive trip. It is worth noting that the presented results will concern both the management team and the employees of a lower level, which will enable to compare and analyse each employee's expectations towards their company. Finally, the article proves that incentive trips are one of the ways to additionally reward employees for their efforts and are also a way to encourage them to perform more effectively in their job, which in turn influence the entrepreneurship development in the company. The trips help to build a bond between an employee and his company, and additionally, such trips positively influence the employee's self-esteem, motivating him to be more active in his work.
Przedsiębiorczość własna młodzieży na przykładzie maturzystów krakowskich szkół średnich
Authors: Węglowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Time that teenagers spend in secondary schools may be perceived as time of ease and folly. Yet, on the other hand, it is time of making serious decisions. The decisions that are made at this stage of life affect the individual’s future to a great extent. Furthermore, actions taken at that time may appear fruitful further down the road: at university or in a job. The youth is believed to live it up and spend time recklessly without any concern about the future. However, the research that I carried out in April 2011, presents a different picture of the youth. A hundred and nineteen A-level students from two secondary schools in Kraków took part in the research. The study lasted one month and selection of sample was intentional and made within the accessibility of the research material. The research included three areas of interest: the first concerned entrepreneurial attitudes, the second – secondary school education and the third – the prospects in the sphere of education and professional career. The research indicated that 60% of A-level students took up a job during the last year of their secondary school education. 23% of the respondents were involved in social work. It was proved that A-level students devote their time both to socializing and studying. 48% of the respondents get engaged in different forms of extracurricular activities in their spare time. In spite of the initiative they show, only 49% of A-level students consider themselves entrepreneurial and 43% are not able to determine whether they are entrepreneurial or not.
Status przedsiębiorczości w warunkach kryzysu edukacji
Authors: Brzozowski Tomasz Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

Autor treścią niniejszego artykułu uczynił problem kryzysu systemu edukacji w Polsce. Ów kryzys jest wynikiem wielu czynników, które z czasem ujawiły się z większa siłą, przyczyniając się do odczuwanego stanu zapaści polskiej oświaty na wszystkich jej szczeblach. Trudno wskazać jeden główny element odpowiedzialny za aktualny stan polskiego systemu edukacji. Autor skupia swą uwagę na, jego zdaniem, sześciu najważniejszych elementach, poddając każdy z nich analizie. Szczególną rolę do odegrania w programach nauczania ma przedmiot podstawy przedsiębiorczości, którego wprowadzenie miało na celu reorientację postaw młodego pokolenia i otwarcie go na zmiany rynkowe oraz na to, co wolny rynek aktualnie oferuje. Z perspektywy czasu można odnieść wrażenie, że przedmiot ten znacząco zmarginalizowano, czego dowodem jest choćby znikoma liczba godzin w tygodniowym rozkładzie zajęć szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej. Autor zwraca uwagę na korelację zubożenia liczby godzin i treści programowych tego przedmiotu z niepokojącymi wynikami badań, dotyczących stopnia przedsiębiorczości młodych Polaków oraz ich kompetencji w odczytywaniu nowych szans i wyzwań wolnego rynku na tle zjednoczonej Europy. Mimo konstatowanej przez wielu badaczy erozji systemu edukacji w Polsce można dostrzec ambitne próby tworzenia nowych wartości w obrębie przestarzałego systemu. Autor wymienia inicjatywy, które przy wsparciu władz oświatowych mają szansę odegrać znaczącą rolę w przełamywaniu barier i niechęci, stając się tym samym poważną alternatywą dla skostniałych i nieprzydatnych dziś form kształcenia postaw przedsiębiorczych w społeczeństwie.
Działania wybranych instytucji publicznych na rzecz wsparcia przedsiębiorczości w dobie kryzysu gospodarczego w Polsce
Authors: Dorocki Sławomir , Świętek Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Najbardziej wyraźnym i dotkliwym efektem współczesnego kryzysu gospodarczego dla polskiego społeczeństwa jest zwiększające się bezrobocie, które pociąga za sobą negatywne skutki nie tylko gospodarcze, lecz również społeczne. Jednym ze sposobów skutecznej walki z recesją gospodarczą i spadkiem zatrudnienia jest pobudzanie i wspieranie przedsiębiorczości. Rozwój przedsiębiorczości wydaje się najlepszym narzędziem do walki z bezrobociem, gdyż nie skupia się na łagodzeniu doraźnych skutków związanych z utratą pracy, lecz koncentruje się na walce z jego przyczyną. Przedsiębiorczość, w dobie kryzysu, powinna działać w trzech obszarach gospodarki: promowanie postawy przedsiębiorczej wśród ludzi młodych, rozwój innowacyjności w przedsiębiorstwach (ucieczka „do przodu”) oraz stymulowanie samozatrudnienia. W artykule autorzy koncentrują się na ostatnim z wymienionych działań mających na celu zmniejszenie stopy bezrobocia w Polsce, tj. pobudzaniu przedsiębiorczości przez zachęcanie do podejmowania samodzielnej działalności gospodarczej. W analizie przedstawione zostały działania wybranych instytucji publicznych wspierających osoby chcące założyć i prowadzić własną działalność gospodarczą. Przedstawiając działalność poszczególnych urzędów, autorzy wskazują możliwości, z których mogą skorzystać potencjalni przedsiębiorcy. Wykazane zostały m.in. rodzaje udzielanego wsparcia, wielkość i ilość środków przekazywanych na rozpoczęcie działalności oraz skuteczność owej pomocy, również w ocenie samych przedsiębiorców.
ВПЛИВ ІНФРАЧЕРВОНОГО СУШІННЯ НА ЯКІСТЬ СВІЖОЇ І ЗАМОРОЖЕНОЇ ЧЕРЕШНІ
Authors: Mykolenko Svitlana , Kuianov Yuriy , Baranik Pavlo
Published: February 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. Дослідження процесу сушіння черешні, рослинної продукції з високим антиоксидантним статусом і швидкою втратою споживчих властивостей, є актуальним для зниження втрат продовольчої сировини та отримання функціональних харчових продуктів.
Постановка проблеми. Обмежений строк зберігання черешні та короткий сезон збирання врожаю за умови підвищення обсягів виробництва у світі створюють потребу в обґрунтуванні ефективних технологій переробки черешні. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Було проаналізовано закордонні й вітчизняні наукові праці, які свідчать про ускладнення переробки черешень порівняно з вишнями через високий вміст пектину, переважне консервування свіжих плодів заморожуванням, що негативно позначається на органолептичних властивостях черешень, та підвищення антиоксидантної активності плодів внаслідок зневоднення. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Відсутні ефективні технологій сушіння черешні, зокрема, шляхом інфрачервоної обробки з урахуванням сортових особливостей плодів Prunus avium L. та умов попереднього зберігання сировини. Постановка завдання. Визначення впливу інфрачервоної обробки на кінетику сушіння, фізико-хімічні, органолептичні показники якості черешні різних сортів та умов попереднього зберігання, зокрема, заморожування. Виклад основного матеріалу. Плоди червоної і жовтої черешні відрізняються здатністю поглинання підведеної енергії, що впливає на швидкість перебігу процесу вологоперенесення. Залежно від сортових особливостей плодів Prunus avium L. доцільно змінювати тривалість сушіння: для отримання більш якісної продукції з черешень сортів жовтого кольору потрібно збільшувати тривалість термічної дії і застосовувати нижчі температури сушіння. Попереднє заморожування черешні позитивно позначається на органолептичних показниках сушеного продукту. Висушування черешень інфрачервоним випромінюванням раціональне до вологості 10–18 %, що дозволяє отримати продукт найвищої якості. Висновки відповідно до статті. Інфрачервона обробка черешні дозволяє отримати сушений продукт із прийнятними споживчими властивостями, зокрема, із сировини зниженої якості, сприяючи скороченню втрат сировини прогтягом продовольчого ланцюга.
Institutionalization and autonomy of art: Can socially engaged art be institutionalized?
Authors: Trentini Bruno
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the autonomy of art and more specifically with the autonomy of socially engaged art once it is institutionalized. The originality of the article is its use of Goodman's terminology to theorize socially engaged art. By comparing two works of art from the same collective (one without an institutional framework and the other in a festival), the main issue is to defend the hypothesis that artistic consecration prevents an emancipatory action from functioning as art or prevents an action from functioning as socially engaged art. Thus, in the context of engaged art, the question is no longer "when is art?" but "where is art?".
A Speculative Poetics of Tammuz: Myth, Sentiment, and Modernism in Twentieth Century Arabic Poetry
Authors: Al-Rayes Hamad
Published: February 2021

In this paper, I attempt to read the poetic principle behind the Tammuzi movement of modern Arabic poetry through the lens of speculative poetics. While speculative-poetic accounts of modern poetry, such as those provided by Allen Grossman, blazed new paths connecting poetry to personhood in modernity, their application to the development of modern poetry outside of Europe remains limited by their self-avowed focus on European history. This paper will outline a critical corrective to speculative poetics which, I argue, can be of value in extending its domain of application to Arabic projects of poetic modernity, particularly the two tendencies of "free verse" and "commitment" poetry that emerged out of the Tammuzi movement.
Riscos ocupacionais em profissionais de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulta, localizada em um município de Pernambuco
Authors: Dos Santos Suellen Alyne Alves , Lima Sheila Juliana Leite , Freire Daniela de Aquino , Vasconcelos Andreza Cavalcanti , Brainer Sâmara Aline Brito , Bezerra Clícia Meyriele de Oliveira , Albuquerque Ana Paula dos Santos , Da Silva José Osmar , De Siqueira Hanna Carolina Padilha , Siqueira Roberto dos Santos
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Identificar os riscos ocupacionais que profissionais de enfermagem estão expostos atuando em uma UTI adulto de um hospital regional em um município de Pernambuco. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 39 profissionais de enfermagem. Utilizou-se de um questionário semiestruturado e adaptado no período de fevereiro a março de 2018. Resultados: A idade média da população foi de 36,82 ± 8,36 anos, 76,92% eram do sexo feminino, 100% dos profissionais acreditavam que o ambiente de trabalho trazia risco para sua saúde, demonstrando que entre as categorias de saúde, a enfermagem é a mais exposta aos riscos ocupacionais. Entre os entrevistados, 35,90% tiveram acidentes no seu local de trabalho. Conclusão: O ambiente laboral pode levar os profissionais à exposição de diversos riscos, necessitando de adoção de medidas de biossegurança e precaução padrão, de modo a minimizar os riscos de acidentes ou doenças relacionadas ao trabalho.
Alterações neurológicas associadas a infecções por arbovírus no Brasil
Authors: Benicio Pedro Jackson dos Santos , Lima Maria Clara Sousa , Macedo Lady Jane da Silva , Júnior José Lopes Pereira , Garcês Tereza Cristina de Carvalho Souza
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as principais alterações neurológicas associadas à infecção por arbovírus no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieved System (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), por meio da inclusão de artigos originais, estudos de coorte, observacional, séries e relatos de casos realizados no Brasil e publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais no período de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Inicialmente foram identificados 1445 artigos científicos. Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, 98 estudos foram avaliados. Em seguida, 25 artigos foram selecionados para a presente revisão de literatura. O estudo identificou alterações associadas à infecção por ZIKV, CHIKV, DENV e WNV. As alterações descritas foram Síndrome congênita associada à infecção por ZIKV, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, encefalite, meningoencefalite, polineuropatia, neuropatia, Mielite Transversa Aguda, corroborando com achados semelhantes na literatura. Considerações finais: O estudo permitiu identificar as principais complicações neurológicas associadas às infecções por arbovírus no Brasil, destacando-se a meningite, encefalite, neuropatia sensorial, mielite transversa aguda e a síndrome congênita associada à infecção por ZIKV.
Perfil nutricional de portadores de HIV/AIDS residentes no Brasil
Authors: Batista Fernanda Keila Valente , Batista Scarlett Valente , Pereira Ana Ranyele de Oliveira , E Silva Larissa Costa , Rodrigues Perla Silva , Freire Leno Rafael Lima , Peixoto Ívina Michelle Silva , Ribeiro Antônia Anna Lídia Ferreira , Xavier Débora Bezerra
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura a fim de reunir as evidências científicas acerca do perfil nutricional de portadores de HIV/AIDS residentes no Brasil. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, realizada por meio de busca nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Acervo Mais. Os descritores utilizados para a pesquisa foram selecionados mediante consulta ao DECS/Mesh (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde), sendo eles “estado nutricional”, “HIV” e “AIDS”, além de seus termos correspondentes na língua inglesa. Resultados: Fizeram parte da amostra final 16 artigos. Os achados revelaram que embora nos últimos anos tenha ocorrido uma mudança no perfil nutricional desse público, com o aumento de indivíduos eutróficos, a desnutrição permanece com uma prevalência elevada, notou-se também um aumento do excesso de peso nessa população. Considerações finais: Os resultados dos estudos mostram que, embora exista uma mudança no padrão corporal desse público, com o aumento de eutrofia e excesso de peso, a desnutrição permanece muito presente nos portadores de HIV/AIDS.
Reinforcement learning using quantum Boltzmann machines
Authors: Crawford Daniel , Levit Anna , Ghadermarzy Navid , Oberoi Jaspreet S. , Ronagh Pooya
Published: February 2021

We investigate whether quantum annealers with select chip layouts can outperform classical computers in reinforcement learning tasks. We associate a transverse field Ising spin Hamiltonian with a layout of qubits similar to that of a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM) and use simulated quantum annealing (SQA) to numerically simulate quantum sampling from this system. We design a reinforcement learning algorithm in which the set of visible nodes representing the states and actions of an optimal policy are the first and last layers of the deep network. In absence of a transverse field, our simulations show that DBMs are trained more effectively than restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) with the same number of nodes. We then develop a framework for training the network as a quantum Boltzmann machine (QBM) in the presence of a significant transverse field for reinforcement learning. This method also outperforms the reinforcement learning method that uses RBMs.
Qubit-loss-free fusion of W states
Authors: Wang Meiyu , Hao Quanzhi , Yan Fengli , Gao Ting
Published: February 2021

With the assistance of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities, we introduce an optical scheme to fuse two small-size polarization entangled photonic W states into a large-scale W state without qubit loss, i.e.,Wn+m state can be generated from an n-qubit W state and a m-qubit W state. To complete the fusion task, two polarization entanglement processes and one spatial entanglement process are applied. The fulfillments of the above processes are contributed by a cross-Kerr nonlinear interaction between the signal photons and a coherent state via Kerr media. We analyze the resource cost and the success probability of the scheme. There is no complete failure output in our fusion mechanism, and all the remaining states are recyclable. In addition, there is no need for any controlled quantum gate and any ancillary photon, so this fusion scheme may be implemented with current experimental techniques.
Magic state distillation at intermediate size
Authors: Haah Jeongwan , Hastings Matthew B. , Poulin D. , Wecker D.
Published: February 2021

Recently [1] we proposed a family of magic state distillation protocols that obtains asymptotic performance that is conjectured to be optimal. This family depends upon several codes, called “inner codes” and “outer codes.” In Ref. [1], some small examples of these codes were given as well as an analysis of codes in the asymptotic limit. Here, we analyze such protocols in an intermediate size regime, using hundreds to thousands of qubits. We use BCH inner codes [2], combined with various outer codes. We extend the protocols of Ref. [1] by adding error correction in some cases. We present a variety of protocols in various input error regimes; in many cases these protocols require significantly fewer input magic states to obtain a given output error than previous protocols.
Pareto Optimization of Oligomer Polarizability and Dipole Moment using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hiener Danielle , Hutchison Geoffrey
Published: February 2021

High performance electronic components are highly sought after in order to produce increasingly smaller and cheaper electronic devices. Drawing inspiration from inorganic dielectric materials, in which both polarizability and polarization contribute, organic materials can also maximize both. For a large set of small molecules drawn from PubChem, a Pareto-like front appears between polarizability and dipole moment indicating the presence of an apparent trade-off between these two properties. We tested this balance in π-conjugated materials by searching for novel conjugated hexamers with simultaneously large polarizabilities and dipole moments with potential use for dielectric materials. Using a genetic algorithm (GA) screening technique in conjunction with an approximate density functional tight binding method (GFN2-xTB) for property calculations, we were able to efficiently search chemical space for optimal hexamers. Given the scope of chemical space, using the GA technique saves considerable time and resources by speeding up molecular searches compared to a systematic search. We also explored the underlying structure-function relationships, including sequence and monomer properties, that characterize large polarizability and dipole moment regimes.
Performance of a FRET-Based Point-of-Care Immunoassay for the Quantitation of Fecal Calprotectin
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Skinner Michael , Reddy Rukmini , Wong Matthew , Chon Kevin , Srikrishnan Raj , Huang Ruo , Ong Edgar , Bray Kurt , Day Valerie , Mimms Larry , Hale Michael
Published: February 2021

A fast (~5 min), time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer based immunoassay (Procise FCP™) was developed for the point-of-care quantitative detection of fecal calprotectin (FCP) using 15 mg of fecal specimen eluted in collection fluid from the Procise Stool Collection Device™. Studies were performed to characterize analytical performance of the Procise FCP assay on the ProciseDx™ analyzer.

The Procise FCP assay showed good analytical performance with respect to sensitivity, specificity, linearity, and precision suitable for routine clinical use in a point-of-care setting as well as excellent analytical agreement with a current commercial FCP measurement method.

Results indicate that the Procise FCP assay is sensitive, specific, and precise yielding results in less than 5 minutes. This indicates the Procise FCP assay is useful for obtaining fast and accurate FCP quantitation, thus avoiding delays inherent to current methods and enabling immediate clinical assessment to be made during a single patient visit.
Benchmarking of Density Functionals for Z-Azoarene Half-Lives via Automated Transition State Search
Authors: Adrion Daniel , Kaliakin Danil , Neal Patrick , Lopez Steven
Published: February 2021

Molecular photoswitches use light to interconvert from a thermodynamically stable isomer into a meta-stable isomer. Chemists and materials scientists have applied photoswitches in photopharmacology, catalysis, and molecular solar thermal (MOST) materials. Visible-light-absorbing photoswitches are attractive because the relatively low-energy light minimizes undesired photochemical reactions and enables biological applications. Designing ideal photoswitches requires long-lived metastable states; predicting their half-lives with theory is difficult because it requires locating transition structures. We now report the EZ-TS code, which automates the prediction of rate constants for the thermal Z → E isomerization. We leverage EZ-TS to automate the location of the favored transition structure and to comprehensively benchmark the performance of 140 model chemistries against the experimental rate constants of 11 azoarenes. We used 28 density functionals [local spin density approximation, generalized gradient approximation, meta-GGA, hybrid GGA, hybrid meta-GGA], and five basis sets [6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), cc-pvdz, and aug-cc-pvdz]. The hybrid GGA functionals performed the best of all tested functional classes. We demonstrate that the mean absolute errors of 14 model chemistries approach chemical accuracy, and mPWPW91/6-31+G(d,p) achieves chemical accuracy and should be used with EZ-TS.