bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Care Disruptions and End-Of-Life Care Experiences Among Home-Based Primary Care Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Franzosa Emily , Kim Patricia , Reckrey Jennifer M. , Zhang Meng , Xu Emily , Aldridge Melissa D. , Federman Alex D. , Ornstein Katherine A.
Published: July 2022

Background: Research on deaths during COVID-19 has largely focused on hospitals and nursing homes. Less is known about medically complex patients receiving care in the community. We examined care disruptions and end-of-life experiences of homebound patients receiving home-based primary care (HBPC) in New York City during the initial 2020 COVID-19 surge. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients enrolled in Mount Sinai Visiting Doctors who died between March 1-June 30, 2020. We collected patient sociodemographic and clinical data and analyzed care disruptions and end-of-life experiences using clinical notes, informed by thematic and narrative analysis. Results: Among 1300 homebound patients, 112 (9%) died during the study period. Patients who died were more likely to be older, non-Hispanic white, and have dementia than those who survived. Thirty percent of decedents had confirmed or probable COVID-19. Fifty-eight (52%) were referred to hospice and 50 enrolled. Seventy-three percent died at home. We identified multiple intersecting disruptions in family caregiving, paid caregiving, medical supplies and services, and hospice care, as well as hospital avoidance, complicating EOL experiences. The HBPC team responded by providing clinical, logistical and emotional support to patients and families. Conclusion: Despite substantial care disruptions, the majority of patients in our study died at home with support from their HBPC team as the practice worked to manage care disruptions. Our findings suggest HBPC’s multi-disciplinary, team-based model may be uniquely suited to meet the needs of the most medically and socially vulnerable older adults at end of life during public health emergencies.
How and When Can Employees with Status Motivation Attain Their Status in a Team? The Roles of Ingratiation, OCBI, and Procedural Justice Climate
Authors: Yang Chunjiang , Chen Yashuo , Gao Jijun
Published: July 2022

Despite research having identified two major routes to status: dominance and competence, both routes seem inadequate to capture the “whole picture” of how people get ahead in organizations. Building on social exchange theory and social status literature, we identify two novel paths and their important boundary conditions by which employees with status motivation can achieve status. Specifically, we propose that employees with status motivation obtain status (operationalized as other-perceived status and promotability) by engaging in ingratiation toward their supervisors and organizational citizenship behavior directed toward individuals. In addition, these relationships are weakened in teams where the procedural justice climate is high. Results from four studies conducted in China and the United States, which consist of three experiments (Study 1: N = 240; Study 2: N = 180; Study 4: N = 309) and one field study of 427 employees from 74 teams (Study 3), provide support for most of the propositions we proposed. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Inclisiran: A First-in-Class siRNA Therapy for Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Samuel Essie , Watford Maya , Egolum Ugochukwu O. , Ombengi David N. , Ling Hua , Cates Drew W.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To review the current pharmacology, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, safety, and efficacy of inclisiran in lowering lipid levels.

Data Sources:

A PubMed (from December 1, 2014 to April 15, 2022) and ClinicalTrials.gov search was conducted using ALN-PCSsc, ALN-60212, PCSK9si KJX-839, and inclisiran. Additional articles were identified by hand from references.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

We included English-language articles evaluating inclisiran pharmacology, efficacy, or safety in humans for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).

Data Synthesis:

Inclisiran is a novel small interfering RNA-based therapy administered as a twice-yearly subcutaneous injection. By binding to the messenger RNA (mRNA) precursor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), inclisiran inhibits expression of the PCSK9 gene, resulting in increased recycling and expression of LDL receptors and decreased levels of LDL-C. Like PCSK9 inhibitors, inclisiran was associated with a comparable extent of LDL-C reduction in several phase II/III trials. Compared with placebo, inclisiran was found to have similar adverse events except for injection-site reaction.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Currently, inclisiran lacks data on clinical outcome improvement or long-term safety. However, it may play a role in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or ASCVD risk equivalent if optimal LDL-C cannot be achieved by statins and PCSK9 inhibitors cannot be tolerated. The drug may be used for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusion:

Inclisiran is an effective and safe medication for lowering LDL-C levels. Additional data regarding efficacy on cardiovascular outcomes and long-term safety profile with inclisiran are needed.
Engaging the Disengaged: Implementing a No-Tech Policy After Years of Adding Tech to the Classroom
Authors: Quesenberry Keith A.
Published: July 2022

After a decade of adding technology to the classroom, students asking for a laptop ban sent me on a journey of discovery. After a literature review of existing research and a semester of a no-tech policy, I found less tech, not more increases student engagement and learning. Despite more than a dozen studies over the last decade detailing the negative learning effects of laptops in the classroom, the majority of faculty believe that laptop use in class increases learning. I highlight the research findings, explain my experience with the new policy, and provide suggestions on how to attempt your own.
Entwined Positionality and Interpretive Frames of Reference: An Autoethnographic Account
Authors: Bolade-Ogunfodun Yemisi , Richmond Soga Lebene , Laker Benjamin
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the ethnographic researcher's positionality and its role in sensemaking within the research process. Using autoethnographic data of the first author - a black female West African (Yoruba) scholar in a Western organizational context, we adopt a critical sensemaking approach to make sense of the researcher's field experience. We propose a conceptualization of the researcher's positionality as one that is entwined in the field, being an active interaction of the researcher's formative context with her sensory capabilities. We demonstrate how openness to the researcher's entwined positionality generates interpretive frames of reference and uncovers nuances in the sensemaking process, which widens the scope for reflexivity. We offer a methodological roadmap for engaging entwined positionality in reflexive practice and contribute to the body of research which challenges the idea of the detached researcher; thus, we respond to the growing calls for integrating the elements of a researcher's positionality into research in a way that enhances reflexivity.
Feeling Luxe: A Topic Modeling × Emotion Detection Analysis of Luxury Hotel Experiences
Authors: Wu Laurie , Yang Wan , Gao Yixing (Lisa) , Ma Shihan (David)
Published: July 2022

As the luxury market and associated experiential consumption continues to rise, the hospitality management literature lags somewhat behind practice in examining luxury experiences. This research presents an exploratory analysis of luxury hotel experiences via the approach of topic modeling and emotion detection in online luxury hotel reviews. Results demonstrate that “people” and “product—activity & wellness” aspects of luxury hotel experiences tend to be positively associated with online review ratings. The “product—food & beverage” and “physical evidence and place” aspects may produce mixed effects on rating levels. Finally, the “process” and “price and promotion” aspects tend to be negatively associated with online review ratings. Findings further reveal that such effects function via the mediation paths of various categories of discrete emotions. These results offer enriching insight for hospitality management research and practice regarding luxury hotel experiences.
Feline Diaphyseal Fractures: Management and treatment options
Authors: Zurita Maria , Craig Andrew
Published: July 2022

Practical relevance:

Cats frequently present with diaphyseal fractures, which require treatment in order to achieve a good return to function. These fractures often occur due to significant trauma; for example, as a result of road traffic accidents, high-rise syndrome and dog bite wounds. The first priority is to ensure the patient is systemically well before embarking on any specific surgical treatment of a fracture.

Clinical challenges:

Surgical management of diaphyseal fractures can be challenging due to the surgical approach for some bones being technically demanding, for example because of the presence of important neurovascular structures, and the small size of feline bones, which limits the choice of implant size and strength. Further, it may be difficult to visualise fracture alignment when using minimally invasive techniques, although the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy can aid with this, and malalignment can be common for some fracture repairs, particularly in cases where anatomical reconstruction is not possible.

Aims:

This review focuses on diaphyseal long bone fractures and aims to assist decision-making, with an overview of the management and treatment options available.

Evidence base:

Many textbooks and original articles have been published on aspects of managing fractures in small animals. The authors also provide recommendations based upon their own clinical experience.
Chronic angle closure glaucoma with an atypical iris-pupillary membrane
Authors: Lam Sophia S. , Amarasekera Dilru C. , Razeghinejad Reza
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To report the presentation and management of a 65-year-old female who presented with chronic angle closure glaucoma and an atypical iris membrane.

Case Report

A 65-year-old healthy female with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency room with a 2-day history of headache, blurry vision, and right ocular pain. She denied any such prior episodes, any prior ocular history including ocular trauma, or a family history of glaucoma. She was diagnosed with bilateral, severe chronic angle closure glaucoma with an atypical, pigmented iris-pupillary membrane in the right eye. Given the appearance of the membrane, ocular oncology consultation and anterior segment imaging were unremarkable. Surgical management included complex cataract extraction, limited pars plana anterior vitrectomy, iris membrane removal, and placement of a sulcus tube shunt.

Conclusions

This complex case of chronic angle closure glaucoma with an atypical pupillary membrane highlights the importance of maintaining a broad differential and ruling out secondary pathologies such as iris melanoma. Additionally, it highlights the complexities of cataract extraction with a shallow anterior chamber.
Ambulation on hip fracture postoperative day 1: a marker for better outcomes following hip fracture surgery in patients 55 years or older
Authors: Fisher Nina D , Parola Rown , Bi Andrew S , Konda Sanjit R , Egol Kenneth A
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate if early postoperative ambulation metrics affect hospital quality measures and 1-year outcomes in operative hip fracture patients.

Methods:

A consecutive series of hip fracture patients [OTA/AO 31A, 31B, 32A-C] who underwent operative treatment were reviewed for demographic and clinical data. Chart review was performed to determine participation with physical therapy [PT] and ambulation distance on postoperative day (POD) 1, 3, and 5. POD1 ambulators and non-ambulators were statistically compared. Outcome correlates of postoperative ambulation distance were investigated by univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression.

Results:

1044 patients were identified with 546 (52.3%) able to ambulate on POD1. Those able to ambulate on POD1 were significantly younger (78.4 ± 10.9 vs. 82.1 ± 10.4, p  < 0.001), had fewer co-morbidities (CCI 1.22 ± 1.60 vs. 1.73 ± 1.82, p  < 0.001), and were more likely to be preoperative community ambulators (82.2% vs. 68.3%, p  < 0.001). Patients unable to ambulate on POD1 had significantly higher rate of inpatient mortality (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.004), 1-year mortality (14.6% vs. 6.9%, p  < 0.001), and a longer length of stay (7.94 ± 4.73 vs. 6.43 ± 4.02 days, p  < 0.001). Non-ambulators more often required the intensive care unit postoperatively (18.7% vs. 7.1%, p  < 0.001), and had increased rates of major complications (15.5% vs. 5.7%, p  < 0.001). Patients with OTA 31B or 32A fractures were 1.63 times more likely to ambulate on POD1 while patients with an assistive device at baseline were 0.51 times less likely to ambulate on POD1. Increasing postoperative ambulation distance correlated with shorter length of stay ( p  < 0.001 for POD1, 3, and 5) and every foot walked was associated with 0.57% decreased odds of a hospital complication ( p = 0.0353).

Conclusions:

Failure to ambulate on POD1 following hip fracture surgery in >55 years is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital complications and mortality. Every effort should be made address this modifiable risk factor and mobilise patients on POD1 to improve patient outcomes.
Functioning tailor-made 3D-printed vascular graft for hemodialysis
Authors: Li Ming-Chia , Chang Pu-Yuan , Luo Huai-Rou , Chang Ling-Yuan , Lin Chuan-Yi , Yang Chih-Yu , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng , Wu Lee Yan-Hwa , Tarng Der-Cherng
Published: July 2022

Background:

The two ends of arteriovenous graft (AVG) are anastomosed to the upper limb vessels by surgery for hemodialysis therapy. However, the size of upper limb vessels varies to a large extent among different individuals.

Methods:

According to the shape and size of neck vessels quantified from the preoperative computed tomography angiographic scan, the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-based AVG was produced in H-shape by the three-dimensional (3D) printer and then sterilized. This study investigated the function of this novel 3D-printed AVG in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

This 3D-printed AVG can be implanted in the rabbit’s common carotid artery and common jugular vein with ease and functions in vivo. The surgical procedure was quick, and no suture was required. The blood loss was minimal, and no hematoma was noted at least 1 week after the surgery. The blood flow velocity within the implanted AVG was 14.9 ± 3.7 cm/s. Additionally, the in vitro characterization experiments demonstrated that this EVA-based biomaterial is biocompatible and possesses a superior recovery property than ePTFE after hemodialysis needle cannulation.

Conclusions:

Through the 3D printing technology, the EVA-based AVG can be tailor-made to fit the specific vessel size. This kind of 3D-printed AVG is functioning in vivo, and our results realize personalized vascular implants. Further large-animal studies are warranted to examine the long-term patency.
#Detroit Music City: Analyzing Detroit’s Musical Urban Imaginary Through a Cultural Justice Lens
Authors: Bolderman Leonieke (S.L.)
Published: July 2022

In this article, the ways murals can become symbols of both heritage and divisive gentrification processes are analyzed in the context of the contemporary media city. Taking the case of Detroit, USA, how is the urban imaginary of the “music city” mediated through street art, and its meaning reconstituted and reframed in the contemporary networked mediasphere? Applying a cultural justice perspective, a selection of Detroit music murals, their Instagram lives, and the public debates surrounding three specific street art projects are analyzed along (1) the symbologies of place the murals represent, (2) the historiographies of space attached to the murals, (3) the social ties and community networks that keep the murals in place or protest their presence. This study shows that the proposed cultural justice framework offers an opportunity to more fully understand how cultural materialities such as murals shape mediated public space in areas of gentrification.
Intergovernmentalism and the crisis of representative democracy: The case for creating a system of horizontally expanded and overlapping national democracies
Authors: Blatter Joachim , Schulz Johannes
Published: July 2022

Technocratic intergovernmentalism has undermined the preconditions for its own success as a democratic project of transnational cooperation. It has triggered populist reactions within nation states and helped to discredit the intermediary institutions (parties and parliaments) that connect democratic will-formation and joint decision-making. This rise of populism and its alignment with nationalism, in consequence, hampers joint decision-making in the international realm. We argue that representative democracies can overcome the negative spiral between technocratic intergovernmentalism and nationalist populism by mutually granting their citizens the right to elect representatives not only in their domestic parliament, but also in the parliaments of ‘consociated democracies’. Such a system of horizontally expanded and overlapping national democracies can serve three functions: it re-empowers citizens in a world of cross-border flows, it curbs the self-destructive polarization of party systems and it facilitates cooperation among democracies within the European Union (EU) and beyond. Finally, we discuss three competing approaches: Liberal Multilateralism, Deliberative Transnationalism and Republican Intergovernmentalism. We point to common ground, but also show how our approach avoids their main pitfalls.
Blended Diplomacy: The Entanglement and Contestation of Digital Technologies in Everyday Diplomatic Practice
Authors: Adler-Nissen Rebecca , Eggeling Kristin Anabel
Published: July 2022

This article develops a new theoretical approach to digitalisation in diplomacy, resituating conventional understandings of the relationship between diplomacy and technological transformation. Challenging the conception that ‘traditional’ diplomacy is being supplemented or challenged by new forms of ‘digital diplomacy’, we show how the ubiquity of digital devices and technologies makes disentangling analogue from digital diplomatic practices practically impossible today. The argument is developed through ethnographic observations of everyday diplomatic work in the European Union (EU) multilateral setting in Brussels as well as interviews with ambassadors, attachés, seconded diplomats, spokespersons and interpreters. To understand the place of digital technologies in diplomatic work, we develop the concept of blended diplomacy by which we mean the dual process of the entanglement of technical and social doings and the contestation regarding how this entanglement impacts professional diplomatic imaginaries and relations. Drawing on insights from practice theory and the sociology of science, technology and professions, we show how diplomatic actors demarcate their professional territory and protect their positions through boundary work. They draw horizontal boundaries between what they see as ‘real’ diplomatic work and distractions and vertical boundaries between themselves and other diplomatic actors, ranking people around status and skills. Overall, digital technologies are implicated in deeper struggles regarding what it means to be a diplomat. A focus on the blended character of diplomatic practice opens new avenues for research on how digitalisation, in contradictory and uneven ways, shapes norms, identities, and social relations and how it – through reflexivity, anxieties and contestation – may shape international politics.
Philosophy of friendship with a place as interpretive support for cultural psychology
Authors: Kunce Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

Why is it important for cultural psychology to look attentively and inspirationally into the depths of the problem of friendship? Focussing on the cultural empowerment of a man, the search for meaning in life, but also in the art of life which binds ars bene vivendi with ars bene moriendi, cultural psychology should not lose sight of the art of friendship, but also of its connection with mobile practices of the contemporary world, for in this space of encounters friendship constitutes a philosophical recommendation and a cultural challenge. I propose therefore turn to the philosophical and cultural space in order to analyse the experience of friendship with a place, interpretively extracting those elements of experience that are crucial for in-depth and contextual thinking about man. Here cultural psychology can find inspiration. I deliberately refer to the transcultural space to indicate the possibilities of experiencing the problem of being in a place. Philosophy of friendship anchored in a transcultural context helps to bring out the multi-dimensionality of the experience of self and the Other, which complements psychological research.
Stop-motion storytelling: Exploring methods for animating the worlds of rare genetic disease
Authors: Gorman Richard , Farsides Bobbie , Gammidge Tony
Published: July 2022

Qualitative research is increasingly challenged to think creatively and critically about how accounts of lived experience might be collected, collated, curated, and disseminated. In this article, we consider how forms of participatory filmmaking and animation might assist in the development of methodologies appropriate to accessing, revealing and representing the social worlds of families affected by rare genetic conditions. We trace how participatory animation, specifically stop-motion animation (a filmmaking technique involving incrementally manipulating objects to produce the semblance of motion) offers opportunities for enlivening qualitative research. We discuss the creation of a series of workshops which took participants through the process of producing their own animated film. Stop-motion storytelling as a method enabled us to encounter, and subsequently foreground, different narratives and emotions, whilst creating-together and watching-together prompted novel conversations. We move to reflect on how participatory animation can be a provocative and productive practice in the toolkit of qualitative research.
Online, offline, hybrid: Methodological reflection on event ethnography in (post-)pandemic times
Authors: Schulte-Römer Nona , Gesing Friederike
Published: July 2022

This paper develops a methodological framework for event-ethnographic research in online and offline settings based on the authors’ ethnographic experiences in the fields of environmental governance and sociotechnical transition before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on empirical event studies, we outline the particularities of organized events as ethnographic research sites, identifying key challenges related to the spatio-temporal ephemerality, socio-material infrastructures and interactive unboundedness of events. We address these challenges along three axes of reflection, asking how we (1) attend, (2) infrastructure, and (3) take part in organized events. The framework we propose promotes a co-constructive understanding of organized events and raises broader methodological issues regarding power dynamics, our role as ethnographers in transdisciplinary contexts and fair and transparent ethnographic data collection. The framework is designed to explore how the (post-)pandemic transition from real-world to virtual event interactions affects both our research fields and our ethnographic research in transdisciplinary contexts.
Multi-level damage diagnosis on stiffened composite panels based on a damage-uninformative digital twin
Authors: Milanoski Dimitrios , Galanopoulos Georgios , Zarouchas Dimitrios , Loutas Theodoros
Published: July 2022

In this study, a multi-level Structural Health Monitoring methodology for stiffened composite panels is introduced. A digital twin (DT), that is, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, representing the pristine state baseline of the test article, is developed and verified for compressive loading in the post-buckling regime. The detailed FE model is utilized to train a surrogate model with respect to exogenous input, that is, axial load magnitude. The surrogate assists the DT concept that would allow prediction of the load acting on the structure based on an influx of strain data, acquired from fiber Bragg grating sensors permanently attached along the stringer feet. For this purpose, we leverage on the observation that remote from the damage, the strain field remains virtually unaltered with regard to the pristine state. The load is estimated by a sensor placed far from the damage whilst the diagnostic actions are performed by exploiting measurements from the remaining sensing locations. A health indicator, which compares the experimentally received strains with those from the surrogate representing the pristine state, is utilized to (1) detect, (2) localize, and (3) characterize the damage. As damage, we consider either skin-to-stringer disbond or initial impact damage propagation as well as overall stiffness degradation during thousands or millions of fatigue cycles. The sensors that have detected a disbond are dedicated to evaluating the potential propagation of it, while the remaining sensors evaluate the overall stiffness degradation. The proposed methodology is tested for one artificially disbonded and two impacted single-stringer panels subjected to block loading compression-compression fatigue.
Explicit Word Learning in Preschoolers From Families With High or Low Maternal Education
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth Spencer , Bueno Raina
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to examine word learning in preschool children from families who differed in socioeconomic status (SES). Preschool children ( N = 58) were assigned to SES groups based on maternal education and completed a dynamic assessment of explicit word learning 2 times. At the first administration, no SES-group differences were observed. At the second administration, children from high-SES homes had significantly higher scores than children from low-SES homes on the production probe with a large effect size ( d = 1.01). Descriptively, children in both groups responded more frequently at more difficult prompting levels at the second session, but children in the low-SES group had more incorrect responses than children in the high-SES group. Additional research using sensitive measures of word-learning proficiency is necessary to better understand the way in which SES and early language experiences are related to word learning in young children.
The Masks We Wear: Watchmen, Infrastructural Racism, and Anonymity
Authors: Burroughs Benjamin , Morse Benjamin J. , Snow Travis , Carmona Michael
Published: July 2022

As COVID-19 has led to the politicization of masks and the donning of masks, the prescient commentary that emerges from HBO’s Watchmen speaks to our contemporary moment, replete with animosity, distrust, and wounding. Race, the legacy of racial injustice, and anonymity are major themes found throughout the series, which highlight the complicated nature of social control and the infrastructural legacy of racism. The mask itself is a site of struggle with polarizing calls for freedom from the mask as tyranny and freedom through the mask as safety, all during a public health crisis. In Watchmen, the deployment of infrastructural control and the implications of masking and unmasking are enacted through racist ideologies and promises of safety through anonymity.
kpsstest: A command that implements the Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin test with sample-specific critical values and reports p-values
Authors: Kagalwala Ali
Published: July 2022

Commonly used unit-root tests in time-series analysis—such as the Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron tests—use a null hypothesis that the series contains a unit root. Such tests have low power against the alternative—when a time series is near integrated or highly autoregressive—implying that they do poorly in distinguishing such a series from having a unit root. Kwiatkowski et al. (1992, Journal of Econometrics 54: 159–178) introduced the Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin test, in which the null hypothesis is that the series is stationary, to deal with this problem. One shortcoming of the presently available Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin test in Stata is that it uses asymptotic critical values regardless of the sample size. This poses a problem in that researchers—especially social scientists—are often presented with short time series. I introduce kpsstest, a command that extends the previous implementation by including an option for a zero-mean-stationary null hypothesis, generating sample and test-specific critical values, and reporting appropriate p-values.
Fitting spatial autoregressive logit and probit models using Stata: The spatbinary command
Authors: Spinelli Daniele
Published: July 2022

Starting from version 15, Stata allows users to manage data and fit regressions accounting for spatial relationships through the sp commands. Spatial regressions can be estimated using the spregress, spxtregress, and spivregress commands. These commands allow users to fit spatial autoregressive models in cross-sectional and panel data. However, they are designed to estimate regressions with continuous dependent variables. Although binary spatial regressions are important in applied econometrics, they cannot be estimated in Stata. Therefore, I introduce spatbinary, a Stata command that allows users to fit spatial logit and probit models.
Estimating the complier average causal effect via a latent class approach using gsem
Authors: Troncoso Patricio , Morales-Gómez Ana
Published: July 2022

In randomized controlled trials, intention-to-treat analysis is customarily used to estimate the effect of the trial. However, in the presence of noncompliance, this can often lead to biased estimates because intention-to-treat analysis completely ignores varying levels of actual treatment received. This is a known issue that can be overcome by adopting the complier average causal effect approach, which estimates the effect the trial had on the individuals who complied with the protocol. When compliance is unobserved in the control group, the complier average causal effect estimate can be obtained via a latent class specification using the gsem command.
Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease: Most Frequently Avoided Activities
Authors: Rider John V. , Longhurst Jason K. , Navalta James W. , Young Daniel L. , Landers Merrill R.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Fear of falling avoidance behavior (FFAB) is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Objectives:

The objectives of the study are to determine what activities are most avoided due to FFAB among people with PD and whether any associations exist with demographic factors or fall history.

Method:

Cross-sectional analysis of 174 individuals with PD using the Modified FFAB Questionnaire.

Results:

Walking in dimly lit, unfamiliar places, and different surfaces, lifting and carrying objects, walking in crowded places, recreational/leisure activities, and going up/downstairs were most avoided. Fallers reported more FFAB ( ps < .029). FFAB for certain activities was associated with increased or decreased odds of falling.

Conclusion:

Individuals with PD avoid walking in compromised situations and engaging in recreational/leisure activities due to FFAB. While excessive FFAB may increase the odds of falling, protective forms may be associated with decreased odds. Targeting FFAB among individuals with PD may increase safe participation in meaningful occupations in the home and community.
A live mindset in Live Virtual Constructive simulations: a spin-up for future LVC air combat training
Authors: Aronsson Sanna , Artman Henrik , Mitchell Mikael , Ramberg Robert , Woltjer Rogier
Published: July 2022

Combining Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) aircraft in the same training scenario holds promise for developing and enhancing fighter pilot training. The simulator study reported here builds on joint pilot-researcher co-design work of beyond visual range LVC training (LVC-T) scenarios to provide training value to pilots in both Live and Virtual aircraft. One fourship of pilots simulated Live entities by acting under peacetime restrictions, while other pilots acted as during regular Virtual training. The objective was to investigate pilots’ reflections on the implications of LVC-T and on the methodology used to provide hands-on experience of a plausible LVC-T scenario. The purpose is to inform the design and use of future LVC in air combat training from the perspective of training value. Results indicate that pilots are positive toward the LVC scenario design, especially the dynamics that a large-scale scenario brings to training of decision making. They indicate a high degree of presence, the need for specific regulations to enforce flight safety, and that restrictions put on the simulated Live entities had implications for the other pilots. In addition to regular Live (L) and simulator (V + C) training, LVC-T may enhance pilots’ repertoires and decision-making patterns.
Going Viral: The Role of Social Media in Decision-Making
Authors: Love Ebony Danielle
Published: July 2022

School and district leaders are challenged to communicate with transparency and positivity with families and communities; however, over the past decade, social media has become an important avenue for communication. An appropriate use of social media can be a delicate endeavor, as errors in use or negative reactions can become a flashpoint. This is the case at Jester James Middle School (JJMS), where a teacher’s seemingly innocuous comment in the hallway suddenly takes on a life of its own, given a negative parent response via social media that “goes viral.” In this case, we explore the intersectionality of decision-making, communication, and social media use.
Are Orthopedic Fellowship Programs Giving Out Too Many Interviews? A Retrospective Analysis Suggests They Are
Authors: Sutton Ryan , Wang William L. , Abdelfadeel Walaa , Sherman Matthew , Cannada Lisa K. , Krueger Chad A.
Published: July 2022

Background: The orthopedic surgery fellowship match process is associated with substantial stress and expense, yet the optimal number of interviews for fellowships to offer has not been evaluated. Purpose: We sought to evaluate the number of orthopedic surgery fellowship interviews given and construct a model to determine the appropriate number of interviews to offer based on specialty and program size. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 6 orthopedic fellowship specialties; data were obtained from San Francisco Match and covered the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018. The orthopedic fellowship subspecialties included adult reconstruction/oncology, foot and ankle, pediatrics, spine, sports medicine, and trauma. We excluded shoulder and elbow (less than 5 years of data) and hand and upper extremity (alternative matching process). Parameters included number of programs, number of spots per program, number of ranked applicants per program (mean ± SD), and difference in number of interviews offered and ranked applicants per program (mean ± SD). Multiple regression analysis was used to create an equation for determining the optimal number of interviews for the programs. Results: Of 1377 orthopedic fellowship programs analyzed, 1370 (99.50%) conducted interviews beyond the number of ranked applicants. Programs ranked an overall mean of 20.10 ± 10.17 applicants with an overall mean of 11.60 ± 8.62 additional interviews offered. Sports medicine had the highest mean ranked applicants (23.21 ± 9.77) and pediatrics had the lowest mean ranked applicants (15.74 ± 7.76). The most additional interviews were given in adult reconstruction (14.80 ± 9.92) and the least were given in pediatrics (8.32 ± 7.17). The predictive equation was reported as Y = β1x1 + β2x2 (Y = ranked applicants, x1 = spots open, and x2 = last rank). Conclusion: Programs in 6 orthopedic subspecialties in the fellowship match process appear to consistently offer more interviews than necessary. We have developed a model to help programs predict the optimal number of fellowship applicants to interview. Future studies need to validate the model, especially with anticipated increases of the virtual interview format.
Association Between Limited English Language Proficiency and Disparities in Length of Stay and Discharge Disposition After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Estrada Jennifer A. , Apostolakos John , Fu Michael C. , Taylor Samuel A. , Gulotta Lawrence V. , Dines David M. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: July 2022

Background: Limited English language proficiency in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) may make treatment more challenging. Purpose: We sought to investigate the potential association between TSA patients’ use of a language interpreter and 2 outcomes: hospital length of stay (LOS) and discharge disposition. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing LOS and discharge disposition after TSA for patients who required interpreter services and patients who did not at a single institution in an urban setting between 2016 and 2020. Consecutive patients requiring interpreter services who underwent TSA were matched 1:1 to patients who did not require an interpreter by age, body mass index (BMI), sex, and procedure. Multivariate regression models controlling for age, BMI, sex, smoking, opioid use, white or non-white race, procedure, and diagnosis were constructed to determine associations between interpreter use, LOS, and discharge disposition. Results: Forty-one patients were included in each cohort, exceeding the minimum number required per an a priori power analysis. Mean hospital LOS was longer in the interpreter cohort than in the non-interpreter cohort (2.8 ± 2.4 vs 1.8 ± 1.0 days, respectively). Multivariate linear regression demonstrated interpreter use was the strongest predictor of LOS, with the effect estimate indicating an additional 0.88-day LOS per patient. A greater proportion of patients from the interpreter cohort were discharged to an acute/subacute rehabilitation facility than patients from the non-interpreter cohort ( n = 8 [19.5%] vs n = 2 [4.9%], respectively). Patients from the interpreter cohort were 454% more likely to be discharged to acute/subacute rehabilitation facilities. Conclusions: Our retrospective analysis of patients undergoing TSA suggests that the need for interpreter services may be associated with increased LOS and discharge to a facility. More rigorous study is needed to identify the factors that influence these outcomes and to avoid disparities in hospital stay and discharge.
Small-sized shiny sclerotic plaques: Think early morphea
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroki , Nakahara Takeshi
Published: July 2022

Morphea is a rare fibrosing disorder of the skin and underlying tissues. To date, the size of morphea has not been adequately discussed. Here, we report two cases of small-sized superficial circumscribed morphea. Both cases clinically revealed single circumscribed, round to oval area of shiny sclerotic plaque at distal extremities. There are several options for the treatment of superficial circumscribed morphea, such as topical corticosteroid and phototherapy. The early recognition of small-sized morphea enables appropriate diagnosis and follow-up, leading to improve disease prognosis.
When is it impractical to ask informed consent? A systematic review
Authors: Laurijssen Sara JM , van der Graaf Rieke , van Dijk Wouter B , Schuit Ewoud , Groenwold Rolf HH , Grobbee Diederick E , de Vries Martine C
Published: July 2022

Background

Informed consent is one of the cornerstones of biomedical research with human subjects. Research ethics committees may allow for a modification or a waiver of consent when the research has social value, involves minimal risk, and if consent is impractical to obtain. While the conditions of social value and minimal risk have received ample attention in research ethics literature, the impractical condition remains unclear. There seem to be different interpretations of the meaning of impractical within academic literature. To address this lack of clarity, we performed a systematic review on the interpretation of impractical.

Methods

First, we examined international research ethics guidelines on their usage and interpretation of impractical. Next, we used international ethical guidelines to identify synonyms of the term “impractical.” Accordingly, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles that included “informed consent” and “impractical” or one of its synonyms.

Results

We found that there were only a few international ethics guidelines that described what could be considered impractical. Out of 2329 identified academic articles, 42 were included. Impractical was used to describe four different conditions: (1) obtaining informed consent becomes too demanding for researchers, (2) obtaining informed consent leads to invalid study outcomes, (3) obtaining informed consent harms the participant, and (4) obtaining informed consent is meaningless for the participant.

Conclusion

There are conditions that render conventional informed consent truly impractical, such as untraceable participants or harm for participants. At the same time, researchers have a moral responsibility to design an infrastructure in which consent can be obtained, even if they face hardship in obtaining consent. In addition, researchers should seek to minimize harm inflicted upon participants when harm may occur as a result of the consent procedure. Invalidity of research due to consent issues should not be regarded as impractical but as a condition that limits the social value of research. Further research is essential for when a waiver of informed consent based on impractical is also reasonable.
¿Cuáles son las brechas de conocimiento y qué priorizar en investigación en salud mental del adulto mayor? Estudio cuali-cuantitativo utilizando la matriz de estrategias combinadas para Argentina (MECA)
Authors: Prado Carolina , Santero Marilina , Caruso Diego , Ortiz Fabián , Zamorano María Silvia , Irazola Vilma
Published: July 2022

Introducción:

el envejecimiento poblacional es un fenómeno mundial. Los problemas de salud mental, altamente prevalentes en este grupo, impactan en la vida de los individuos, sus familias y la sociedad en su conjunto.

Objetivo:

identificar brechas de conocimiento y prioridades de investigación en salud mental del adulto mayor en Argentina.

Material y métodos:

diseño cuali-cuantitativo, en tres etapas: (1) diagnóstico de situación, (2) evaluación global de necesidades de investigación y (3) ejercicio de priorización basado en la Matriz de Estrategias Combinadas validada para Argentina (MECA).

Resultados:

con base en las primeras dos etapas del estudio se identificaron dos áreas temáticas investigar en el país y dimensiones priorizadas: (a) soledad-aislamiento y (b) deterioro cognitivo y demencia. Como resultado del ejercicio de priorización surgieron las siguientes dimensiones: en relación con soledad-aislamiento: 1. efecto de los programas, 2. falta de acceso a los recursos, 3. capacidad de adaptación a los contextos locales (integración social del adulto mayor) y 4. calidad de servicios. En relación con deterioro cognitivo y demencia: 1. impacto cuidadores y entorno, 2. barreras para la implementación de guías y capacitación, 3. estudios de costo-efectividad sobre intervenciones y calidad de vida, y 4. recolección y publicación de datos epidemiológicos.

Conclusión:

se debe enfatizar la importancia de fortalecer la investigación en Argentina sobre la implementación y difusión de intervenciones de promoción, prevención y prestación de servicios en la salud mental del adulto mayor.
Chinese Centrist Liberal Critics of Trump: A Reconsideration of Contemporary Chinese Liberalism
Authors: Gao Gengsong
Published: July 2022

This article challenges the existing scholarship’s characterisation of Chinese liberal intellectuals as Trumpian intellectuals. By conducting a close reading of Chinese academic publications, lectures and opinions aired on social media, this article finds that besides Trump’s Chinese liberal fans, many leading Chinese liberal intellectuals harshly criticised Trump. However, they do not align themselves with American liberals in making all-out partisan criticisms of Trump and American right-wing politics. Instead, their criticisms are mostly centrist. This article argues that Chinese liberal intellectuals’ centrist criticisms of Trump reflect their Confucian, egalitarian and moderate nationalist sympathies, dimensions of their thoughts which have been ignored by existing scholarship regarding them. By exploring Chinese centrist liberal critics of Trump, this article brings to light the ideological heterogeneity within the Chinese liberal camp previously lumped together under the umbrella of “anti-authoritarianism.”
Media and Mass Shootings: Field Theory in CNN News Coverage of the Columbine High School and Parkland High School Mass Shootings
Authors: Hume Hannah , Perreault Gregory
Published: July 2022

Through discourse analysis, this article seeks to compare the cable news coverage of the Columbine High School shooting and the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting (n = 81) in the first two days of coverage using field theory, with CNN broadcast transcripts as the unit of analysis. The research showed that the shooter was the dominant shaping force in the CNN discourse in both school shooting events.
Smart Pen Exposes Missed Basal Insulin Injections and Reveals the Impact on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ekberg Neda Rajamand , Hartvig Niels Væver , Kaas Anne , Møller Jonas Bech , Adolfsson Peter
Published: July 2022

Background:

Adherence to basal insulin injections and the effects of missed basal insulin injections in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were investigated using data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and smart insulin pen devices in a real-world study.

Methods:

This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, real-world study conducted in Sweden. Adults with T1D who were using CGM received a smart insulin pen device (NovoPen 6) for insulin injections. Missed basal insulin doses (≥40 hours between doses) were evaluated over 14-day periods, and the probability of missing basal insulin doses was estimated. Associations between missed basal insulin doses and glycemic outcomes were also explored.

Results:

Thirty-two patients with 4410 acceptable CGM days (315 14-day periods) were included. The number of missed basal insulin doses ranged from 0 to 4 over 315 14-day periods. The estimated probability of missing at least one basal insulin dose over any given 14-day period was 22% (95% confidence interval: 10%-40%). Missed basal insulin doses were significantly associated with higher mean glycemic levels, higher glucose management indicator, and lower time in range (70-180 mg/dL [3.9-10.0 mmol/L]). Similar results were observed when adjusted for missed bolus insulin doses; age and sex had no statistically significant effect on any glycemic parameter.

Conclusions:

This is the first study, based on accurate real-world injection data, to demonstrate the challenge of adherence to basal insulin injections in patients with T1D, and document that just one missed basal injection per week can result in clinically significant changes in glycemic control.