bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palliative Care, Psychological Interventions, Personalized Medicine: The Triple "P" Hypothesis For Enhancing Quality of Life in Palliative Care
Authors: Nejadmasoom Danial , Mirshahi Arvin
Published: December 2024

Patients in palliative care face complex and multidimensional challenges, including physical, psychological, and spiritual difficulties, that significantly impact their quality of life (QoL). Traditional care often addresses these needs through a holistic lens, yet the diversity in patient characteristics demands a more personalized approach. The Triple “P” Model integrates Palliative Care, Psychological Interventions, and Personalized Medicine to create a tailored framework that accounts for individual factors such as personality, special needs, biological profiles, and emotional demands. This model emphasizes the use of tools like biomarkers, genetic counseling, and neuroimaging to guide precise and effective interventions, while also addressing the psychological and existential concerns of patients. By transitioning from a generalized holistic view to an individualized approach, the Triple “P” Model aims to improve care outcomes and QoL in palliative care settings. This article explores the conceptual foundation of the Triple “P” Model, its alignment with the Biopsychosocial-Spiritual framework, and its potential to reshape palliative care through a more comprehensive and patient-centered strategy.
Membangun Keluarga Harmonis Melalui Sosialisasi Hukum Keluarga Di Desa Bendungan Kabupaten Lebak Banten
Authors: Gina Rofahiyah  , Ilham Setiawan  , Muhamad Padil
Published: December 2024

Sosialisasi hukum keluarga di Desa Bendungan Kabupaten Lebak Banten merupakan langkah yang sangat penting dalam memperkuat fondasi keluarga yang harmonis dan sejahtera. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam upaya kesadaran akan pentingnya pemahaman hukum keluarga dalam menjaga keberlangsungan keluarga dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Metode-metode yang digunakan, seperti penyuluhan, seminar, pendampingan hukum, kampanye, dan pembentukan kader, menunjukkan pendekatan yang holistik dalam menyebarkan informasi dan memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat desa. Dengan melibatkan narasumber yang kompeten dan mengadaptasi metode sesuai kebutuhan lokal, kegiatan tersebut dapat lebih efektif dalam mencapai tujuan sosialisasi. Hasil dan pembahasan yang disampaikan menunjukkan dampak positif dari kegiatan sosialisasi tersebut. Masyarakat mengaku mendapatkan pemahaman baru tentang hak dan kewajiban dalam keluarga serta cara mengatasi permasalahan yang mungkin timbul. Respon yang baik dari peserta menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini relevan dan bermanfaat bagi mereka. Artikel ini menegaskan pentingnya kegiatan sosialisasi hukum keluarga sebagai langkah konkret dalam membangun keluarga yang harmonis dan sejahtera. Resonansi yang positif dari masyarakat juga menjadi dorongan untuk melanjutkan dan memperluas kegiatan serupa ke wilayah-wilayah lain.
Transformasi Masyarakat melalui Klinik Hukum Desa: Pendekatan Interaktif antara Dosen, Mahasiswa, dengan Warga di Kabupaten Banyuasin III Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Siti Zailia  , Sandy Wijaya
Published: December 2024

Program sosialisasi hukum yang dilaksanakan di Desa Banyuasin III bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi hukum masyarakat melalui pendekatan interaktif. Kegiatan ini melibatkan partisipasi aktif dari warga, perangkat desa, dan karang taruna, dengan metode diskusi, ceramah, dan tanya jawab. Topik yang dibahas mencakup sengketa tanah, utang-piutang, konflik keluarga, dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa sosialisasi interaktif efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman hukum masyarakat, meskipun terdapat beberapa tantangan, seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur dan beragamnya latar belakang pendidikan peserta. Peluang untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut meliputi optimalisasi perpustakaan desa sebagai pusat informasi hukum dan penerapan layanan konsultasi hukum berbasis teknologi. Dengan melibatkan berbagai pihak, program ini diharapkan berkontribusi pada peningkatan kesadaran hukum di kalangan masyarakat pedesaan secara berkelanjutan.
A study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Kahramanmaraş tarhana
Authors: Eraslan Emre Cem
Published: December 2024

Since ancient times, fermented foods have been produced for the purpose of long-term storage of foods and adding different flavors. Today, in addition to these properties, their use as functional products and the search for different tastes have directed people to fermented foods. In our study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Kahramanmaraş tarhana, a fermented food, was determined. The total antioxidant status and total oxidant status index were assessed utilizing Rel Assay TAS and TOS kits. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against conventional bacterial and fungus strains utilizing the agar dilution method. The analyses revealed that the TAS value of tarhana is 7.612±0.151 mmol/L, the TOS value is 6.685±0.076 μmol/L, and the OSI value is 0.088±0.001. It demonstrated efficacy against bacterial strains at extract concentrations ranging from 100 to 400 μg/mL and against fungal strains at extract concentrations between 200 to 400 μg/mL. In this connection, it was established that tarhana, favored for its nutritional and fragrant attributes, possesses antioxidant and antibacterial effects.
Paradoxical elevation of blood vitamin B12 level and hyperhomocysteinemia cases in patients with gut dysbiosis
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Kim Kyu-Nam
Published: December 2024

Elevated homocysteine levels are known to contribute to the increase in cardiovascular disease due to proinflammatory effects, endothelial dysfunction, and increased oxidation of low-density cholesterol. Therefore, functional medicine doctors in primary care should pay attention to the management of homocysteine to prevent patients from developing cardiovascular disease in the future. In general, coenzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism include vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin B6. In case of hyperhomocysteinemia, a blood test is performed to check for deficiency of these coenzymes. However, among these coenzymes, because of vitamin B12 is also produced by intestinal bacteria, the blood test for vitamin B12 test may not reflect the actual vitamin B12 available amount of vitamin B12 in the body. Based on this, these cases report shows the relationship between gut dysbiosis, increased serum vitamin B12 level, and hyperhomocysteinemia, followed by a sustained blood vitamin B12 elevation level and normalization of hyperhomocysteinemia after gut dysbiosis treatment and vitamin B complex support.
Efficacy of chelation therapy in hyperuricemic patients unresponsive to oral uric acid lowering agent
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Lee Hyang-Rae , Lee Seok-Hoon , Joo Nam-Seok
Published: December 2024

Hyperuricemia occurs due to purine metabolism disorders, with serum uric acid levels exceeding 7 mg/dL in men and 6 mg/dL in women. It increases the risk not only of gout but also of metabolic diseases such as hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelation therapy, traditionally used for removing heavy metals, has also shown potential in preventing cardiovascular diseases. This case report aims to assess the effectiveness of chelation therapy in patients with hyperuricemia who do not respond to conventional oral uric acid-lowering drugs. This could expand the scope of functional medicine and provide an alternative treatment strategy for patients unresponsive to traditional medications.
Observing lake-sea tidally driven water exchange in Lake Zmajevo Oko (Rogoznica, Croatia)
Authors: Dominović Iva , Marguš Marija , Bakran-Petricioli Tatjana , Petricioli Donat , Ciglenečki Irena , Vilibić Ivica
Published: December 2024

Lake Zmajevo Oko (ZO), a marine lake near Rogoznica, Croatia, known for sudden anoxic overturns and progressive deoxygenation, has been studied extensively for its physical and biogeochemical properties over the past 30 years. However, the water exchange with the sea through the porous karst remains poorly understood. From 2020 to 2023, opportunistic temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and sea level measurements were conducted at various sites in and around ZO, including underwater caves, which are believed to facilitate the greatest exchange with the sea. Although tides in ZO are attenuated compared to the sea, tidal exchange influences the upper-layer lateral boundary temperatures. Moreover, the water that enters ZO has different effects in winter and summer and may alter hydrostatic stability depending on its salinity. Spectral analyses of water levels show that the karst between ZO and the sea acts as a natural filter, protecting against high-frequency water level fluctuations in the neighbouring sea. Fluctuations in dissolved oxygen and nutrients were also observed during the tidal cycle at locations with considerable subsurface exchange. However, more precise sampling strategies are needed to quantify the effects of ZO-sea exchange on ZO’s biogeochemical properties. As anoxic overturn events become more frequent, further studies are essential to understand ZO’s sensitivity to water exchange, particularly in the context of a changing climate that is expected to bring higher air temperatures, increased salinity, and more extreme precipitation in the Adriatic.
Invasion of freshwater systems by the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 – new insights from Italian regions
Authors: Tiralongo Francesco , Marcelli Massimiliano , Anselmi Giuseppe , Gattelli Raffaele , Felici Alberto
Published: December 2024

The Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun 1896, is a highly invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea, posing significant ecological and socio-economic threats in marine and estuarine environments. This study investigates the occurrence and potential impacts of C. sapidus in Italian inland waters, specifically examining specimens collected from an irrigation canal in Pomposa on the Adriatic coast and from the Ombrone River, flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Morphometric analysis revealed that males from Pomposa had a mean carapace width (CW) of 172.15 mm (±23.77 mm) and a mean weight of 282.10 g (±98.34 g), while females had a mean CW of 160.68 mm (±25.76 mm) and a mean weight of 173.26 g (±56.11 g). In contrast, males from the Ombrone River were significantly smaller, with a mean CW of 73.36 mm (±10.11 mm) and a mean weight of 25.33 g (±8.86 g). The sex ratio in Pomposa was heavily skewed towards males (3.26:1), suggesting a dominance of adult males in this freshwater habitat. A similar trend was observed in the Ombrone River, though based on a smaller sample size, with only 1 female among 10 specimens. The condition factor (K) was significantly higher for females (1.960) than for males (0.116), while growth coefficient (b) for males had a higher value (2.401) than that of females (1.788), indicating differing growth patterns. This study provides new ecological and biological data on C. sapidus in freshwater systems, underscoring the need for targeted monitoring and management to mitigate the spread and impact of this invasive species in Italian inland waters.
The reading seed programme (RSP)'s efficacy in fostering toddlers' reading habits in early childhood literacy
Authors: Rozaimie Awang , Unin Norseha , Johari Aiza , Ismail Abdul
Published: December 2024

The Reading Seed Programme (RSP), an in-house literacy program inaugurated by Sarawak's State Library (PUSTAKA Negeri Sarawak, Malaysia), has the potential to become the country's primary literacy initiative, particularly in terms of fostering a reading culture. The purpose of this paper is to empirically establish the reliability of survey measures as well as the feasibility of this toddler literacy program. The findings revealed that RSP capable enculturates effectively and has a significant positive impact on toddlers' reading ability. Nonetheless, the early childhood reading literacy program must consider each learner's unique learning style, incorporate updates or monitoring systems, improve training, develop a strategic plan outlining RSP outcomes, and clearly communicate the program's attitudinal components in relation to the desired results.
iNaturalist como plataforma para documentar la funga chilena
Authors: Riquelme Cristian
Published: December 2024

Este estudio analiza el impacto de iNaturalist en el registro y documentación de hongos en Chile desde 2008 hasta 2024, destacando su rol en la integración de la ciencia ciudadana al monitoreo de biodiversidad. Este esfuerzo comunitario —que actualmente suma más de 63000 observaciones que representan 1245 especies— se concentra en las regiones centro y sur del país, principalmente en áreas urbanas, donde un reducido grupo de usuarios hiperprolíficos genera el 44,40 % de los registros. Desde 2020, se ha observado un aumento en el número de observaciones, que puede estar ligado a un creciente interés en la micología. El uso de iNaturalist permite superar las limitaciones logísticas tradicionales, ampliando la cobertura taxonómica, espacial y temporal de las observaciones de hongos, pero estas ventajas no están exentas de sesgos. Además, la micología en Chile enfrenta desafíos estructurales, como el financiamiento y la formación de nuevos especialistas. La colaboración entre aficionados y micólogos profesionales es fundamental para validar los datos y extraer el potencial de este tipo de herramientas. Este enfoque complementa los métodos convencionales de los estudios de biodiversidad y fortalece las políticas de conservación. Aunque iNaturalist ha demostrado ser una herramienta efectiva, se requieren más esfuerzos y recursos para abordar los vacíos de conocimiento de la biodiversidad fúngica. Este estudio refuerza el potencial de la ciencia ciudadana como fuente de datos valiosos y potencialmente útiles para hacer frente a la crisis ambiental.
Consistency of Planning, Budgeting, and Achievement of Pro-Poor Budget Targets in Jembrana Regency
Authors: Ramdayani Syofia Sofatunisa
Published: December 2024

Pro-Poor Budgeting is one of the steps of intensive government that is carried out in order to countermeasure poverty. To achieve the pro-poor budgeting target, consistency between document planning and budgeting is necessary. However, facts on the ground show that guarding consistency is not an easy thing​ so inconsistency is often found and still becomes an inhibitor in the achievement vision and mission development area. Research This aims to know how far the consistency and achievement between document budget RPJMD, RKPD, RENSTRA, and RENJA is in the Regency Jembrana 2021. Methods used in the study are descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Research results prove that in a way overall level of consistency between fifth related fields​ with pro-poor budgeting being in the category of Good However level of consistency is highest achieved by the field of education. While that, level average program and budget achievements have been enough good. Condition the prove that still there is inconsistency a number of indicators of programs and activities that have been arranged in document planning. Therefore the government needs to make an effort to frame lower poverty continously.
The Influence of Brand Image, Product Quality, Promotion, and Purchasing System on Purchasing Decisions (Honda Automatic Motorcycle Purchase Decision in Yogyakarta City)
Authors: Askal Syahril , Naqiya Alfina Zsazsa , Siswanto Agus
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze brand image, product quality, promotion, and purchasing system on purchasing decisions of Honda automatic motorcycles in the city of Yogyakarta. The population in this study were all users of Honda automatic motorcycles in the city of Yogyakarta. The sample in the study was 150 respondents. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data collection method uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used to answer the hypothesis is multiple linear regression T test and F test. The results of this study indicate that brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, purchasing systems have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions and show that brand image, product quality, promotion and purchasing systems have a simultaneous effect on purchasing decisions. The R square value of 0.659 indicates that the ability of the independent variable to explain the variation of the dependent variable is 65.9% and the remaining 34.1% is explained by variables outside the research model..
The Effect of HDI, Population Density, Poverty, and Income Inequality on Criminality in DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: Sitanggang May Putriana Margaretha Br. , Hutapia Hutapia
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine how the human development index, population density, poverty rate, and income inequality affect the crime rate in DKI Jakarta Province from 2014 to 2022. The data used in this study came from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The method used is panel data regression with the Common Effect Model (CEM) which is the best model. The results showed that the level of human development, population, and poverty had a positive and significant impact on the crime rate in DKI Jakarta Province from 2014 to 2022. Meanwhile, income inequality has a positive but insignificant effect on the crime rate. Together, the human development index (HDI), population density, poverty rate, and income inequality affect the crime rate in DKI Jakarta Province from 2014 to 2022.
Narrative Structure of Wakhi Oral Stories
Authors:   Uppsala University, Obrtelová Jaroslava
Published: December 2024

The Wakhi people live in the remote areas of the high Pamir mountains. Their original homeland is situated in the Wakhan Corridor in the Badakhshan region, and is divided by the border between southeast Tajikistan and nordeast Afghanistan. They also inhabit the mountainous areas in northern Pakistan and western China. The Wakhi language belongs to the Pamir sub-group of Eastern Iranian languages and is spoken by about 58,000 people in the above-mentioned four countries.

The discourse of Wakhi as spoken in Tajikistan has not yet been the subject of analysis. This study is an attempt to identify the features of the fundamental narrative structure of Wakhi oral stories. The analysis of narrative genres recorded in the Wakhan valley in Tajikistan is based on Labov & Waletzky’s (1967) and Labov’s (1972 and 1997) models.

The first part examines the properties of temporal sequence and narrative clauses, and concludes that two sets of narrative tense-aspect forms are found throughout Wakhi oral narratives: simple past tense for eyewitness accounts, and non-past alternating with perfect for non-eyewitness narratives.

In the second part, the overall structure of the Wakhi oral narrative is examined, to define the properties of each of the narrative stages (abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution, and coda) and of the transitions between them. A separate chapter is dedicated to evaluation, which may be present explicitly, as a comment made by the narrator by stepping out of the narrative frame, or as part of the narrative frame, either embedded in direct speech or expressed implicitly using a range of internal evaluative devices.

The final part starts a discussion on further aspects of narrative as presented by Labov (1997), namely reportability, credibility, causality, the assignment of praise and blame, and objectivity, that can direct possible future research beyond the narrative frame and into areas of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology.

The study is complemented by a corpus of twenty-one transcribed, glossed, and translated Wakhi stories, representing various narratives genres described in the study.
Buds of Jewish–Christian Dialogue in a German Milieu: Caspar Amman (c. 1450–c. 1524) and His Hebrew Correspondence
Authors: Ron Nathan , Posset Franz
Published: December 2024

This year, 2024, is the 500th anniversary of Caspar Amman’s passing. The German priest and Hebraist kept records of nineteen letters in Hebrew. The letters portray not only a picture of scholarly early modern Jewish–Christian collaboration, as Eric Zimmer has shown, but also an attempt by at least one Jewish rabbi to initiate a dialogue with the German priest. The exceptional letter, addressed to Caspar Amman by Rabbi Moshe Elchanan Bacharach from Swabia, was hitherto not translated into English and barely referenced in the literature. This and additional letters, sixteen in total, are published here for the first time in English (in the appendix). The epistolary corpus reflects mutual respect and appreciation, a shared love for the Hebrew language and the Hebrew book, and the use, by Hebraists, of the title “rabbi” to mark respect and appreciation. Given Gershom Scholem’s denial of any historic German–Jewish dialogue—or, alternatively, irrespective of it—these buds of a Christian–Jewish dialogue appear like rays of light piercing the darkness. Still, they could not withstand the spirit of the time.
Manuscript Sources and Medial Transfer in the Research of Early Modern Disputations: From Administration to Exchange of Knowledge
Authors: Förköli Gábor
Published: December 2024

The scholarship of early modern disputations has concentrated on printed theses, since they are one of the most common types of prints in the era. Although preserved minutes transcribing what was said while these theses were discussed are rare, this article argues that it is worth giving due consideration to such manuscript sources when it comes to researching this very topic. Endeavouring to investigate Catholic and Protestant examples from Central Europe between 1580 and 1660, I explore four areas where handwritten documents, such as university records and student notebooks, have the potential to nuance our understanding of different traditions pertaining to disputation. In comparison to the printed disputations typical for Protestant Europe, manuscripts with Catholic and Jesuit provenance reveal a different function of scholarly debates, which were less focused on the individual performance of the respondent and served more as a method of recapitulation in everyday education. Protestant examples, on the other hand, demonstrate that disputations played a distinguished role in the exchange of scientific knowledge and expertise. During the process of professors and students conveying information from their homeland to university centres and back, disputations changed medium from print to manuscript, and vice versa.
Oyster Mushroom and its Value Added Products
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Sapkal Knowledge Hub, India, Kotasthane Tanmay
Published: December 2024

Cultivation of mushroom is biotechnological process.Two oyster mushroom studied for its consumption and value added products.
Pleurotus sajor caju is good in taste and favorite among people as a food.Soup powder made from Pleurotus sajor caju and other
ingredients has good flavor and taste.Tomato-mushroom ketchup made from Pleurotus ostreatus and other ingredients has good
aroma and taste.Dried oyster mushrooms can be stored for longer period and used in preparation of curries.Oyster mushroom
are rich source of proteins, vitamins and minerals.Oyster mushroom cultivation has short duration than other mushroom which
makes its good alternative as a food
Türkiye’de Şiileşme: Mezhepsel Dönüşüm, Kimlik İnşası ve İran’ın Rolü
Authors: Elhan Nail , Tetik Mustafa Onur
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de Alevilerin ve Sünnilerin Şiileşme süreçlerini Lewis R. Rambo’nun Süreç Teorisi çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Çalışmada dinî dönüşümün zamana yayılan, çok aşamalı bir süreç olduğu ve bireylerin inançlarını değiştirdikleri gibi kimliklerini de yeniden inşa ettikleri vurgulanmaktadır. 2020-2022 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen saha araştırmasına dayanan bu çalışma, İstanbul, Çorum, Sivas, Malatya, Erzincan, Tunceli, Adıyaman, Kocaeli, Kırıkkale ve Kayseri gibi şehirlerde Alevi, Şiileşmiş (Müteşeyyi) Alevi ve Sünnilerle yapılan mülakatlara dayanmaktadır. Araştırma, İran’ın dini diplomasi faaliyetlerinin mezhepsel dönüşüm sürecinde önemli bir rol oynadığını iddia etmektedir. Çalışma, mezhepsel dönüşümde İran’ın stratejik etkisini analiz ederek Rambo’nun teorisinde eksik kalan dışsal unsurları vurgulamaktadır. İran’ın dini diplomasisinin Şiileşmeyi nasıl teşvik ettiğini ortaya koyarak, dinî dönüşüm süreçlerinde devletlerin ve kurumların rolüne dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışma, dış faktörlerin dinî dönüşüm süreçlerindeki etkisini geniş bir çerçevede ele alarak literatüre katkı sunma iddiasındadır. İran’ın Alevi ve Sünni topluluklar üzerindeki etkisi, Rambo’nun teorisinde eksik bırakılan örgüt ve kurumların rolüne yeni bir perspektif sunmaktadır.
Higher order approximation of functions by modified Goodman-Sharma operators
Authors: Uluchev Rumen , Gadjev Ivan , Parvanov Parvan
Published: December 2024

Here we study the approximation properties of a modified Goodman-Sharma operator recently considered by Acu and Agrawal in [1]. This operator is linear but not positive. It has the advantage of a higher order of approximation of functions compared with the Goodman-Sharma operator. We prove direct and strong converse theorems in terms of a related K-functional.
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Children with Acute Diarrhoea by Culture and Multiplex PCR in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rabin Nadia , Shamsuzzaman SM , Yusuf Md. Abdullah , Wasimuddin Sharif Mohammad , Shams Farhana , Tarana Mst. Naznin
Published: December 2024

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases are a major childhood health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. 
Objective: This study aimed to detect Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) by detecting virulence genes (lt, st, bfp, and aat) and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all identified DEC isolates in fecal samples.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July, 2012 to June, 2013 for around one year. Identification of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in fecal samples from children under 5 years old was done by culture and standard biochemical tests. Virulence factor genes for DEC were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of all identified DEC isolates was observed by disc diffusion method.
Results: Out of total 200 stool samples, E. coli was isolated in 130(65.0%). The prevalence of DEC was 52(40.0%) and the most common was enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (55.8%) followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (34.6%) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (26.9%). Among 52 DEC, 12(23.1%) contained more than one pathogenic genes of DEC in various combinations. Colistin, imipenem and amikacin were found to be the most effective against isolated DEC. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid.
Conclusion: Differentiation between the Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes is of great importance since they are involved in acute diarrhoeal diseases and may require specific antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2024;18(1):17-21
Evaluation of Protective Antibody Response following Vaccination with Formaldehyde Inactivated Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Hossain Sanjida , Yusuf Md. Abdullah , Nahar Shamsun , Moureen Adneen , Shahid Sazzad Bin , Shamsuzzaman SM
Published: December 2024

Background: Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Enterobacter cloacae are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, which is reducing treatment options.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate protective antibody response following vaccination with formaldehyde inactivated Enterobacter cloacae.
Methodology: The study used formaldehyde inactivated MDR Enterobacter cloacae obtained from various clinical samples to immunize 10 Swiss albino mice through intradermal injection. After the third dose of immunization, the mice were challenged with live Enterobacter cloacae through intraperitoneal injection and were monitored for 14 days. Blood was collected from the tail 7 days after each booster and through cardiac puncture 14 days after the challenge. The serum antibody produced by the vaccine was evaluated for bactericidal activity and antigen-binding capacity using ELISA.
Results: In this study, it was observed that 100% of the immunized mice survived after 14 days of challenge. The ELISA showed that all the immunized mouse sera had 100% bactericidal activity. Additionally, all the pre- and post-challenge immunized serum immunoglobulin G antibodies had significantly higher optical density values compared to the control mice in ELISA. Top of Form
Conclusion: Our study showed that when formaldehyde inactivated MDR Enterobacter cloacae was used for intradermal immunization in Swiss albino mice, it produced antibodies that offered protection. Using a first-generation vaccine can provide a larger pool of antigens to elicit the desired immune response.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2024;18(1):44-49
Impact of COVID-19 on Square Pharmaceuticals Stock Prices: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Islam Sojaul , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Khondoker Md Asaduzzaman , Rahman Md Abdur , Rahman M Sayedur
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to compare the forecasting performance of different machine learning algorithms in case of the daily stock prices of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited. To ensure the impact of COVID-19 on the stock prices we separated the data into different segments such as pre-COVID period from January 2011 to March 2020, and the COVID period from March 2020 to September 2021 and the whole study period from January 2011 to December 2021. This study compares predicting performance of various machine learning algorithms such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). To ensure a fair comparison of algorithm performance, we implemented the same combination of data splits and time steps consistently across all algorithms, which yielded optimal performance for each model. The empirical findings indicate that the Random Forest model consistently delivered the highest accuracy across all periods, the SVM model showed an unexpected increase in accuracy during COVID period whereas the LSTM model's performance declined. This comprehensive analysis highlights the adaptability and robustness of machine learning models in volatile market conditions, emphasizing their utility in financial forecasting during global disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic.
International Journal of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 24(2), November, 2024, pp 73-84
Prediction of Technical Efficiency of Aman Rice Farms in Satkhira District of Bangladesh: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Ali Kazi Julfikar , Khalek Md Abdul , Sarker Md Abdur Rashid
Published: December 2024

This paper aimed to assess the technical efficiency (TE) of aman rice farms and analyzed the major factors affecting inefficiency of aman rice farms. In doing so, a multistage random sampling method was used to collect primary data from a survey of 455 rice farmers between May and June in 2023 in Kaligonj sub-district of Satkhira district. Stochastic frontier approach (SFA) was employed to predict the efficiency of aman rice farms while the Tobit model was used to identify the factors that influence technical inefficiency. The findings of TE ranged from 0.98 to 0.51 with an average score of 0.8469. Technical inefficiency is largely affected by years of schooling, household size, salinity of land, agriculture policy and access to credit variables. The policy implications of this finding is that the government might provide the agricultural extension network so that the extension agent can better engage with targeted farmers rather than just recommendations.
International Journal of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 24(2), November, 2024, pp 97-108
Açık arazi koşullarında yetiştirilen Nergis çiçeğine (Narcissus spp.) farklı sıvı gübre uygulamalarının etkisi
Authors: Vural Hüccet , Cengiz Remziye
Published: December 2024

Nergis (Narcissus ssp.), Amaryllidaceae (Nergisler) familyasına ait soğanlı bir süs bitkisidir. Kesme çiçek olarak kullanılmasının yanında park ve bahçelerde dış mekan bitkisi olarak, balkon ve iç mekânlarda ise saksılı bitki olarak kullanılmaktadır. Araştırmada; iki farklı nergis çeşidine (Sempre Avanti ve Barret Browning) organik kökenli altı farklı sıvı gübrenin (Mineral katkılı organik sıvı gübre-I, Organik sıvı gübre-II, Fındık sirkesi, Tavuk gübresi sirkesi, Ticari sıvı gübre, Humik asit) etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Elazığ ilinde açık arazi (tarla) koşullarında üç tekerrürlü tesadüf parselleri deneme deseni yöntemi ile oluşturulan deneme sonucunda bitkinin gelişimi, tam çiçeklenme süresi, çiçek boyu, çiçek iç genişliği, çiçek çapı, toplam çiçek boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak genişliği ve yaprak uzunluğu parametreleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda her iki nergis çeşidinde incelenen parametreler bakımından kullanılan gübreye bağlı olarak kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür (p
TRAVELS OF PRİME MİNİSTER SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL TO EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLİAN PROVİNCES İN 1968
Authors: Köse Resul
Published: December 2024

Founded in 1961, the Justice Party (AP) emerged victorious from the 1965 elections and came to power alone. Among the issues that the AP Government had to solve during its years in power, preventing the increasing Kurdish activities in the environment of freedom brought about by the 1961 Constitution and ending the debates on the neglect of the Eastern provinces ranked first. The efforts of the Kurdish circles and the left-leaning Workers' Party of Turkey (TİP) to organise a certain segment of the population by using the ethnic belonging of the citizens living in the region and organising rallies further increased the interest of the government and political parties in the region.
This study focuses on Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel's trips to the Eastern provinces with a large group of politicians and bureaucrats, the first of which took place on 18-24 August and the second on 16-22 September 1968. The first trip covered a total of 4,500 kilometres and the second 3,000 kilometres. Within the scope of the trip, almost all Eastern cities were visited, even down to their districts and villages. During the visits, the foundations of many investments were made or completed projects were put into service. Demirel, who mingled with the citizens during the visits and held rallies in about 70 places, said that the accumulated problems of the East would be solved as soon as possible. In addition, he advised the people not to give credence to the ideas trying to divide the country and gave messages of unity and solidarity. Archival documents, periodicals and studies in the literature were utilised in this study. Document analysis method was used in this qualitative study.
Validation of the 21st Century Skills Assessment Scale for public health students in Thailand: a methodological study
Authors: Panthumas Suphawadee , Zaw Kaung , Kittipichai Wirin
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate the 21st Century Skills Assessment Scale (21CSAS) for Thai public health (PH) undergraduate students using the Partnership for 21st Century Skills framework.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 727 first- to fourth-year PH undergraduate students from 4 autonomous universities in Thailand. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires between January and March 2023. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to explore the underlying dimensions of 21CSAS, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the hypothesized factor structure using Mplus software (Muthén & Muthén). Reliability and item discrimination were assessed using Cronbach’s α and the corrected item-total correlation, respectively.Results: EFA performed on a dataset of 300 students revealed a 20-item scale with a 6-factor structure: (1) creativity and innovation; (2) critical thinking and problem-solving; (3) information, media, and technology; (4) communication and collaboration; (5) initiative and self-direction; and (6) social and cross-cultural skills. The rotated eigenvalues ranged from 2.12 to 1.73. CFA performed on another dataset of 427 students confirmed a good model fit (χ2/degrees of freedom=2.67, comparative fit index=0.93, Tucker-Lewis index=0.91, root mean square error of approximation=0.06, standardized root mean square residual=0.06), explaining 34%–71% of variance in the items. Item loadings ranged from 0.58 to 0.84. The 21CSAS had a Cronbach’s α of 0.92.Conclusion: The 21CSAS proved be a valid and reliable tool for assessing 21st century skills among Thai PH undergraduate students. These findings provide insights for educational system to inform policy, practice, and research regarding 21st-century skills among undergraduate students.
Feasibility of utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the cognitive load of paramedicine students undertaking high-acuity clinical simulations in Australia: a case study
Authors: Betson Jason , Fein Erich Christian , Long David , Horrocks Peter
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Paramedicine education often uses high-fidelity simulations that mimic real-life emergencies. These experiences can trigger stress responses characterized by physiological changes, including alterations in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is emerging as a promising tool for assessing cognitive stress in educational settings.Methods: Eight final-year undergraduate paramedicine students completed 2 high-acuity scenarios 7 days apart. Real-time continuous recording of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation levels in the prefrontal cortex was undertaken via fNIRS as a means of assessing neural activity during stressful scenarios.Results: fNIRS accurately determined periods of increased cerebral oxygenation when participants were undertaking highly technical skills or making significant clinical decisions.Conclusion: fNIRS holds potential for objectively measuring the cognitive load in undergraduate paramedicine students. By providing real-time insights into neurophysiological responses, fNIRS may enhance training outcomes in paramedicine programs and improve student well-being (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12623001214628).
Inorganic nitrogen pathways in oyster holobionts and underneath sediments studied via 15N-based methods
Authors: Pagani S , Benelli S , Bartoli M
Published: December 2024

Oyster biofilms have significant potential as reactors for excreted nitrogen (N) via assimilative, dissimilative and oxidative pathways. However, the interplay between molluscs, associated microbes and microalgae within biofilms is not well characterized. This work aimed to quantify dark and light oxygen (O2) fluxes and N transformations in biofilm-colonised and biofilm-free oyster holobionts (i.e. oysters and their associated microbial communities) and to contrast N processes in oyster holobionts with those underneath the sediments. Oysters and sediments were collected from Goro Lagoon in northern Italy. Measurements were carried out in mesocosms and cores, tracing the fate of 15N-labelled ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). We hypothesized the dominance of assimilative and dissimilative N pathways under light and dark conditions, respectively, and large stimulation of NO3- reduction in sediments underneath oysters due to biodeposits. Oyster holobionts, regardless of biofilm presence or absence on their outer shells and the presence or absence of illumination, were net O2 sinks and NH4+ and NO3- sources to the water column. Biofilm photosynthesis was insufficient to contrast respiratory O2 demand but promoted nitrification of excreted NH4+. Nitrification and denitrification were also recorded in biofilm-free oysters, suggesting active nitrifying and denitrifying microbial communities inside molluscs. Denitrification efficiency measured in biofilm-colonised and biofilm-free oyster holobionts was <10%, suggesting that oysters in the Goro Lagoon are weak N sinks and promote its recycling. Sediments receiving biodeposits recycled NH4+ at rates comparable to control sediments; however, the former displayed higher denitrification rates. N processes mediated by oyster holobionts largely exceeded those occurring in sediments.
Elasmobranch species richness and assemblage composition in the world’s largest shark sanctuary
Authors: Farabaugh NF , Bond ME , Chapman D , Clua E , Dedman S , Harborne AR , Kiszka JJ , Heupel M , Heithaus MR
Published: December 2024

Indo-Pacific coral reefs host diverse assemblages of elasmobranchs from small-bodied mesopredators to apex predators that may vary in the amount of time they spend on reefs. Reef sharks and rays as a group are threatened by human activities and are facing widespread population declines, primarily due to fishing. These human factors may affect not only elasmobranch abundance, but also their assemblage composition. Thus, a better understanding of the factors associated with differences in species-specific abundances and assemblage structure across multiple spatial scales in relatively undisturbed systems could enhance the conservation of shark and ray populations on reefs generally. Here, we used baited remote underwater video stations to examine species richness and assemblage composition of elasmobranchs across forereefs in French Polynesia, the world’s largest shark sanctuary. Boosted regression tree models revealed that island group, latitude, and island geomorphology had the greatest effect on elasmobranch species richness. Assemblages at most islands were dominated by blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus and grey reef sharks C. amblyrhynchos, while rays were generally rare, although there was significant spatial variation in elasmobranch assemblage composition. This variation was not associated with human factors, and appears to reflect species interactions and species-specific responses to environmental variation. Further studies on species interactions (facilitation, competition, and predation) among elasmobranchs will provide a better functional understanding of drivers of elasmobranch species composition on individual coral reefs.
How Peace Negotiations Fail: The Case of Afghanistan and the Taliban (2020–2021)
Authors: Sadr Omar
Published: December 2024

The Taliban capture of Kabul on August 15, 2021, was the final nail in the coffin of the failed peace process between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Taliban. Drawing on both rationalist and ideationalist approaches to peace processes in peace and conflict resolution literature, this article highlights seven causes of the failure of these peace negotiations. These include a flawed peace design, lack of mediator and guarantor, costly concessions, indivisibility, ideology and identity, and the absence of a mutual stalemate.
RANCANG BANGUN AUTOMASI SORTIR BARANG BERDASARKAN BARCODE MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR GM66 UNTUK TUJUAN KOTA
Authors: Baha'uddin Ahmad Ridwan , Kholis Nur , Yannuansa Nanndo , Widyo Leksono Jati
Published: December 2024

Kemajuan teknologi pada zaman sekarang sudah semakin berkembang pesat berbagai teknologi. Karena sifat manusia yang cenderung cepat lelah dan mengakibatkan berkurangnya kecepatan dan ketepatan pengelompokan produk. kontrol penyortiran otomatis diperlukan. Dengan demikian dibuatlah Rancang Bangun Automasi Sortir Barang Berdasarkan Barcode yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan memahami rancangan alat penyortir barang berdasarkan barcode serta menguji hasil rancang bangun automasi sortir barang berdasarkan barcode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Metode ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran penyortiran barcode berbasis secara sistematis, faktual, dan akurat melalui pengujian tombol, pengujian sensor barcode, dan pengujian sistem tujuan kota. Hasil dari pengujian tombol menunjukkan bahwa tombol start dan stop telah berfungsi dengan baik. Pengujian jarak tinggi sensor dapat direspon mulai dari ketinggian 8cm sampai 65cm. Pengujian sistem dengan berat 100 g kota A engan rata – rata yakni 0,98 detik. Kota B dengan rata – rata yakni 4.03 detik. Barcode Kota C dengan rata – rata yakni 5,54 detik. Pada berat 200 g Kota A rata – rata yakni 0,91 detik Kota B dengan rata - rata yakni 4,40 detik. Kota C dengan rata – rata yakni 5,58 detik Pada berat 500 g Kota A dengan rata – rata yakni 1,13 detik, Kota B dengan rata – rata yakni 4,37 detik Kota C dengan rata – rata yakni 5,61detik
Rancang Bangun Sistem Control Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) Yang Terintegrasi Instalasi PLN Dan Solar Cell Berbasis Programable Logic Controller (PLC)
Authors: Sukoco Muhamad Yulianto , Nur Kholis  , Imamatul Ummah  , Jati Widyo Leksono
Published: December 2024

Penyinaran cahaya matahari untuk mengisi baterai tidak selamanya berkelanjutan. Pada musim penghujan, cahaya yang diterima panel surya sangat kurang maksimal yang mengakibatkan kegagalan pengisian daya baterai. Untuk menjaga kontinuitas sistem agar pasokan listrik tetap terjaga, diperlukan perangkat yang dapat secara otomatis mengalihkan daya dari panel surya ke PLN yang disebut automatic transfer switch (ATS). Menyikapi permasalahan tersebut maka dibuatlah sistem automatic transfer switch (ATS) berbasis PLC yang dapat mengalihkan sumber tegangan dari panel surya ke PLN secara otomatis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hasil kinerja sistem control automatic transfer switch (ATS) yang terintegrasi instalasi PLN dan solar cell berbasis programmable logic controller (PLC). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis eksperimental sebagai gambaran sistematis dan faktual, berupa pengujian kontak pada relay dan kontaktor. Pengukuran arus dan tegangan untuk mendapatkan selisih daya antara sumber panel surya dengan PLN. Menggunakan beban kipas angin 45 Watt dan 50 Watt, serta beban lampu 40 Watt, 60 Watt, dan 100 Watt. Hasil dari pengujian kontak pada relay dan kontaktor adalah normal dan berfungsi dengan baik. Didapatkan perbedaan data pada tiap-tiap percobaan pada beban kipas angin 45 dan 50 Watt, beban lampu 40 Watt, 60 Watt, serta 100 Watt. Presentase terbesar didapatkan pada pengujian beban lampu 45 Watt sebesar 0.07% dan presentase terkecil didapat pada beban lampu 100 Watt sebesar 0.04%.