bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status in a multi-ethnic population of northern Norway: the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey
Authors: Petrenya Natalia , Lamberg-Allardt Christel , Melhus Marita , Broderstad Ann Ragnhild , Brustad Magritt
Published: February 2019

Objective

To investigate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration in a multi-ethnic population of northern Norway and determine predictors of S-25(OH)D, including Sami ethnicity.

Design

Cross-sectional data from the second survey of the Population-based Study on Health and Living Conditions in Regions with Sami and Norwegian Populations (the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey, 2012–2014). S-25(OH)D was measured by the IDS-iSYS 25-Hydroxy Vitamin Dˢ assay. Daily dietary intake was assessed using an FFQ. BMI was calculated using weight and height measurements.

Setting

Ten municipalities of northern Norway (latitude 68°–70°N).

Participants

Males (n 2041) and females (n 2424) aged 40–69 years.

Results

Mean S-25(OH)D in the study sample was 64·0 nmol/l and median vitamin D intake was 10·3 µg/d. The prevalence of S-25(OH)D<30 nmol/l was 1·9 % and <50 nmol/l was 24·7 %. In sex-specific multivariable linear regression models, older age, blood sample collection in September–October, solarium use, sunbathing holiday, higher alcohol intake (in females), use of cod-liver oil/fish oil supplements, use of vitamin/mineral supplements and higher intakes of vitamin D were significantly associated with higher S-25(OH)D, whereas being a current smoker and obesity were associated with lower S-25(OH)D. These factors explained 21–23 % of the variation in S-25(OH)D.

Conclusions

There were many modifiable risk factors related to S-25(OH)D, however no clear ethnic differences were found. Even in winter, the low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency found among participants with non-Sami, multi-ethnic Sami and Sami self-perceived ethnicity was likely due to adequate vitamin D intake.
Using SWISH to Realize Interactive Web-based Tutorials for Logic-based Languages
Authors: WIELEMAKER JAN , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO , KOWALSKI ROBERT A. , LAGER TORBJÖRN , SADRI FARIBA , CALEJO MIGUEL
Published: February 2019

Programming environments have evolved from purely text based to using graphical user interfaces, and now we see a move toward web-based interfaces, such as Jupyter. Web-based interfaces allow for the creation of interactive documents that consist of text and programs, as well as their output. The output can be rendered using web technology as, for example, text, tables, charts, or graphs. This approach is particularly suitable for capturing data analysis workflows and creating interactive educational material. This article describes SWISH, a web front-end for Prolog that consists of a web server implemented in SWI-Prolog and a client web application written in JavaScript. SWISH provides a web server where multiple users can manipulate and run the same material, and it can be adapted to support Prolog extensions. In this article we describe the architecture of SWISH, and describe two case studies of extensions of Prolog, namely Probabilistic Logic Programming and Logic Production System, which have used SWISH to provide tutorial sites.
“A New West in Mindanao”: Settler Fantasies on the U.S. Imperial Fringe
Authors: Charbonneau Oliver
Published: February 2019

This essay analyzes white settler formations in the Southern Philippines during the early decades of the twentieth century. Occupied by the United States in the wake of the Spanish-American War, the Muslim-majority regions of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago became sites of colonial experimentation and reconfiguration. This led to a brief-but-concerted push by Euro-American fortune seekers to settle the “Muslim South.” Supported by U.S. policy makers and colonial officials, white colonists were drawn to Mindanao-Sulu by visions of permanent settlement and limitless economic opportunity. This analysis contends that settler attempts to build a “white man's country” in the Southern Philippines were shaped by vernaculars and modes of conquest developed on the continental frontier. It interrogates the creation of transoceanic frontier spaces in Mindanao-Sulu and the practical attempts to exploit them, which drew inspiration from diverse sources in the American West and across the colonized globe. In its study of settler fortunes and failures, the essay blurs distinctions between national and imperial peripheries, and contributes to a growing scholarly interest in reassessing the importance of U.S. extraterritorial possessions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
AN ABSTRACT APPROACH TO CONSEQUENCE RELATIONS
Authors: CINTULA PETR , GIL-FÉREZ JOSÉ , MORASCHINI TOMMASO , PAOLI FRANCESCO
Published: February 2019

We generalise the Blok–Jónsson account of structural consequence relations, later developed by Galatos, Tsinakis and other authors, in such a way as to naturally accommodate multiset consequence. While Blok and Jónsson admit, in place of sheer formulas, a wider range of syntactic units to be manipulated in deductions (including sequents or equations), these objects are invariablyaggregatedvia set-theoretical union. Our approach is more general in that nonidempotent forms of premiss and conclusion aggregation, including multiset sum and fuzzy set union, are considered. In their abstract form, thus,deductive relationsare defined as additional compatible preorderings over certain partially ordered monoids. We investigate these relations using categorical methods and provide analogues of the main results obtained in the general theory of consequence relations. Then we focus on the driving example of multiset deductive relations, providing variations of the methods of matrix semantics and Hilbert systems in Abstract Algebraic Logic.
UV Study of the Fourth Positive Band System of CO and O i 135.6 nm From Electron Impact on CO and CO2
Authors: Ajello J. M. , Malone C. P. , Evans J. S. , Holsclaw G. M. , Hoskins A. C. , Jain S. K. , McClintock W. E. , Liu X. , Veibell V. , Deighan J. , Gérard J.‐C. , Lo D. Y. , Schneider N.
Published: February 2019

We have measured the 30 and 100 eV far ultraviolet (FUV) emission cross sections of the optically allowed Fourth Positive Group (4PG) band system (A1Π → X1Σ+) of CO and the optically forbidden O (5So → 3P) 135.6 nm atomic transition by electron‐impact‐induced‐fluorescence of CO and CO2. We present a model excitation cross section from threshold to high energy for the A1Π state, including cascade by electron impact on CO. The A1Π state is perturbed by triplet states leading to an extended FUV glow from electron excitation of CO. We derive a model FUV spectrum of the 4PG band system from dissociative excitation of CO2, an important process observed on Mars and Venus. Our unique experimental setup consists of a large vacuum chamber housing an electron gun system and the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph optical engineering unit, operating in the FUV (110–170 nm). The determination of the total O i (5So) at 135.6 nm emission cross section is accomplished by measuring the cylindrical glow pattern of the metastable emission from electron impact by imaging the glow intensity about the electron beam from nominally zero to ~400 mm distance from the electron beam. The study of the glow pattern of O i (135.6 nm) from dissociative excitation of CO and CO2 indicates that the O i (5So) state has a kinetic energy of ~1 eV by modeling the radial glow pattern with the published lifetime of 180 μs for the O i (5So) state.
Short Timescale Analysis of Microseisms and Application to Array Calibration
Authors: Gal M. , Reading A. M. , Ellingsen S. P.
Published: February 2019

Primary and secondary microseisms are analyzed in this study using a novel matched field processing approach that allows for analysis of features with temporal scales of the order of seconds. The majority of previous microseism research employs time averaging; hence, very little is currently known about the properties of the wavefield on such short timescales. We aim to better understand the nature of the microseismic wavefield through applying our novel matched field processing approach to example data from two seismic arrays (USArray and Rio Grande Rift‐Flex Array) in the United States. We find that surface and body wave microseisms on short timescales are observed as pulses of coherent energy, which may be separated in time, embedded in the continuous signal. The pulses display a much larger coherence value in comparison to the commonly employed time averaging approaches, given that they can be separated in time. This allows us to study the spatial correlation of the wavefield and gives an insight into the source and path propagation effects of surface and body waves. We find that the correlation of the short timescale surface wavefield between two stations is dependent on the distance between them and is strongly dependent on their geometric position with respect to the source. Correlations on the PKP wavefield show a decrease with increasing source‐station distance and a mild decrease for azimuthally distributed stations at the same source‐station distance. Finally, we demonstrate how the pulse wavefield can be used for array calibration purposes.
Coastal Iberia Summertime Low‐Level Flow Assessed From Scatterometers
Authors: Monteiro Isabel T. , Vogelzang Jur
Published: February 2019

In summer, the prevailing northerly flow off west Iberia occasionally intensifies and weakens with significant consequences for weather conditions and marine ecology. High‐resolution Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) wind products on a 6.25 km grid (ASCAT‐6.25) were used to characterize wind maxima downwind to the major Iberian capes. Wind intensifications downwind Cape Finisterre are large and detached from the coast. They are considered as the response to a large feature in the coastal morphology. Intensifications downwind Cape Roca and Cape São Vicente are smaller and closer to the coast. These are triggered by interaction of supercritical or transcritical flow with topography. ASCAT‐6.25 evening and morning passes show two distinct regimes during intensification events: a southern regime with wind maximum moving toward the coast during the day and a northern regime in which this diurnal shift is not so clear. Another aspect that distinguishes these regimes is the later occurrence of the wind maximum in the southern portion of the coast. Also, wind relaxation events can be identified in ASCAT data. These are followed by a poleward flow of warm water that interrupts the upwelling conditions over west Iberia south of 41°N. Synoptic conditions favorable for the occurrence of intensifications and relaxations were obtained from NWP models. This study was supplemented by RapidScat observations during the summers of 2015 and 2016 at different phases of the diurnal cycle. RapidScat and ASCAT wind fields in combination with NWP data confirm that wind intensifications are multiday events, clearly distinct from the sea breeze circulation.
Sphingomyelin synthase 2 promotes an aggressive breast cancer phenotype by disrupting the homoeostasis of ceramide and sphingomyelin
Authors: Zheng Kehong , Chen Zetao , Feng Haizhan , Chen Ying , Zhang Cheng , Yu Jinlong , Luo Yunfeng , Zhao Liang , Jiang Xiancheng , Shi Fujun
Published: February 2019

Breast cancer is the most common type of carcinoma in women worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying tumour development and progression remain unclear. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SGMS2) is a crucial regulator involved in ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) homoeostasis that is mostly studied for its role in lipid metabolism. Our primary study indicated that high SGMS2 expression is associated with breast cancer metastasis. Gain- and loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo revealed that SGMS2 promotes cancer cell proliferation by suppressing apoptosis through a Cer-associated pathway and promotes cancer cell invasiveness by enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) initiation through the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway. Further study determined that SGMS2 activated the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway primarily by increasing TGF-β1 secretion, which was likely associated with aberrant expression of SM. Thus, our findings indicate that SGMS2-mediated activation of the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway is important in breast cancer progression, which provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis and suggests a possible anticancer therapy for breast cancer.
Applying an innovative biodegradable self-assembly nanomicelles to deliver α-mangostin for improving anti-melanoma activity
Authors: Yang Shuping , Gao Xiang , He Yihong , Hu Yuzhu , Xu Bocheng , Cheng Zhiqiang , Xiang Mingli , Xie Yongmei
Published: February 2019

α-Mangostin (αM), a traditional natural product with promising application of treating a series of diseases, was limited use in clinical due to its hydrophobicity. Herein, MPEG-PCL nanomicelles were used to embed the αM for resolving hydrophobicity and improving the anti-melanoma effect of the αM. The anti-melanoma activity and potential mechanisms of biodegradable αM/MPEG-PCL nanomicelles were investigated. The αM/MPEG-PCL nanomicelles possessed a stronger effect on anti-melanoma compared to the free αM both in vitro and in vivo with a low cytotoxicity in non-tumor cell lines. In the research of mechanisms, the αM/MPEG-PCL nanomicelles inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cell, induced apoptosis via both apoptosis pathways of intrinsic and exogenous in vitro, as well as suppressed tumor growth and restrained angiogenesis in vivo, which implied that the αM/MPEG-PCL nanomicelles have potential application as a novel chemotherapeutic agent in melanoma therapy.
MPC1 deficiency accelerates lung adenocarcinoma progression through the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Zou Hongbo , Chen Qian , Zhang Anmei , Wang Songtao , Wu Hong , Yuan Ye , Wang Shuang , Yu Jing , Luo Mao , Wen Xianmei , Cui Wei , Fu Wenjuan , Yu Ruilian , Chen Lin , Zhang Ming , Lan Haitao , Zhang Xia , Xie Qichao , Jin Guoxiang , Xu Chuan
Published: February 2019

Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), a key factor that controls pyruvate transportation in the mitochondria, is known to be frequently dysregulated in tumor initiation and progression. However, the clinical relevance and potential molecular mechanisms of MPC1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) progression remain to be illustrated. Herein, MPC1 was lowly expressed in LAC tissues and significantly associated with favorable survival of patients with LAC. Functionally, MPC1 markedly suppressed stemness, invasion, and migration in vitro and spreading growth of LAC cells in vivo. Further study revealed that MPC1 could interact with mitochondrial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (mito-STAT3), disrupting the distribution of STAT3 and reducing cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (cyto-STAT3) as well as its phosphorylation, while the activation of cyto-STAT3 by IL-6 reversed the attenuated malignant progression in MPC1-overexpression LAC cells. Collectively, we reveal that MPC1/STAT3 axis plays an important role in the progression of LAC, and our work may promote the development of new therapeutic strategies for LAC.
NETO2 promotes invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB/Snail axis and predicts outcome of the patients
Authors: Liu Jun-yan , Jiang Lei , He Tao , Liu Jia-jia , Fan Jun-yan , Xu Xian-hui , Tang Bo , Shi Yan , Zhao Yong-liang , Qian Feng , Wang Yan , Cui You-hong , Yu Pei-wu
Published: February 2019

Aberrant expression of neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 (NETO2) has been observed during the progression of some human carcinomas. However, the expression pattern and clinical relevance of NETO2 in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that NETO2 expression was higher in GC tissues compared with paired non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, the expression of NETO2 was positively correlated with clinical stage, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size, but inversely correlated with overall and disease-free survival rates. Cox regression analysis identified NETO2 as an independent prognostic indicator for GC patients. Overexpression of NETO2 facilitated migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo in association with induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conversely, knockdown of NETO2 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, silencing NETO2 reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB p65 as well as the expression of Snail, whereas NETO2 overexpression achieved the opposite results. Furthermore, we identified TNFRSF12A as a mediator for NETO2 to activate PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/Snail axis. Collectively, our results demonstrate that NETO2 promotes invasion and metastasis of GC cells and represents a novel prognostic indicator as well as a potential therapeutic target in GC.
Non-lytic clearance of influenza B virus from infected cells preserves epithelial barrier function
Authors: Dumm Rebekah E. , Fiege Jessica K. , Waring Barbara M. , Kuo Chay T. , Langlois Ryan A. , Heaton Nicholas S.
Published: February 2019

Influenza B virus (IBV) is an acute, respiratory RNA virus that has been assumed to induce the eventual death of all infected cells. We and others have shown however, that infection with apparently cytopathic viruses does not necessarily lead to cell death; some cells can intrinsically clear the virus and persist in the host long-term. To determine if any cells can survive direct IBV infection, we here generate a recombinant IBV capable of activating a host-cell reporter to permanently label all infected cells. Using this system, we demonstrate that IBV infection leads to the formation of a survivor cell population in the proximal airways that are ciliated-like, but transcriptionally and phenotypically distinct from both actively infected and bystander ciliated cells. We also show that survivor cells are critical to maintain respiratory barrier function. These results highlight a host response pathway that preserves the epithelium to limit the severity of IBV disease.
Applicability of Aerosol Deposition Process for flexible electronic device and determining the Film Formation Mechanism with Cushioning Effects
Authors: Lee Chuljun , Cho Myung-Yeon , Kim Myungjun , Jang Jiyun , Oh Yoonsub , Oh Kihoon , Kim Seunghyun , Park Byungwook , Kim Byungkwan , Koo Sang-Mo , Oh Jong-Min , Lee Daeseok
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we demonstrated the feasibility of the Aerosol Deposition (AD) method which can be adapted as a future fabrication process for flexible electronic devices. On the basis of this method’s noticeable advantages such as room-temperature processing, suitability for mass production, wide material selectivity, and direct fabrication on a flexible substrate, we fabricated and evaluated a flexible conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM) to confirm the feasibility of this method. The CBRAM was fabricated by the AD-method, and a novel film formation mechanism was observed and analyzed. Considering that the analyzed film formation mechanism is notably different with previously reported for film formation mechanisms of the AD method, these results of study will provide strong guidance for the fabrication of flexible electronic device on ductile substrate.
Spring Based Connection of External Wires to a Thin Film Temperature Sensor Integrated Inside a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Guk Erdogan , Venkatesan Vijay , Sayan Yunus , Jackson Lisa , Kim Jung-Sik
Published: February 2019

Thermal management of SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cell) is important for helping to minimise high temperature-related performance losses and maximising cell/stack lifetime. Thin film sensor technology is proposed as an excellent candidate to measure the cell temperature during operation due to its negligible mass, minimal disturbance to normal operation and higher temporal and spatial resolutions. However, the effective application of such sensors in SOFC systems is a challenging endeavour and predicated on incorporating the external wire attachments to complete the electrical circuit. This is because of the high sensitivity of SOFC materials to any interference to operation, limited available space and harsh operating conditions. In this paper, a new concept of packaging external wire attachments to the thin film sensor is described to enable the integration of the sensor in the SOFC system. Temperature measurements have been monitored under OCV and operating condition with the thin film sensor directly from SOFC cathode surface via proposed spring-based wire connection, from room temperature to SOFC operating temperature. The impact of the parameters including contact resistance (Rc) between sensor pads and attached wire on monitored temperature has also been analysed with the contribution of conductive paste. High temporal and spatial resolutions have been obtained with the implemented sensor.
Solvent organization around the noncanonical part of tyrosine modulates its fluorescence properties
Authors: Nandy Tonima , Mondal Saptarsi , Singh Prashant Chandra
Published: February 2019

Solvent interactions with the fluorocarbon group of noncanonical amino acids are the cause of their diverse fluorescence behaviors, which implies their usefulness as solvent-sensitive environmental sensors in many biological processes.
DNA-binding mechanism of spiropyran photoswitches: the role of electrostatics
Authors: Avagliano Davide , Sánchez-Murcia Pedro A. , González Leticia
Published: February 2019

The binding mechanism of the protonated open form of three spiropyran derivatives into a 12-mer (poly-dAT)2 has been unveiled by means of computational methods.
Magneto-Seebeck effect in Co2FeAl/MgO/Co2FeAl: first-principles calculations
Authors: Li Jingyu , Zhang Guangbiao , Peng Chengxiao , Wang Wenxuan , Yang Jinfeng , Wang Yuanxu , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: February 2019

The magneto-Seebeck effect has recently attracted considerable attention because of its novel fundamental physics and future potential application in spintronics.
Solventless and metal-free regioselective hydrofluorination of functionalized alkynes and allenes: an efficient protocol for the synthesis of gem-difluorides
Authors: Lu Zhichao , Bajwa Bhvandip S. , Liu Shiwen , Lee Sheye , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: February 2019

A highly acidic fluorination system generated by DMPU-12HF and KHSO4-13HF can facilitate exclusive Markovnikov addition of HF to widely functionalized alkynes and allenes to produce gem-difluorides with an easy workup.
3-Layer conductive metal–organic nanosheets as electrocatalysts to enable an ultralow detection limit of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Mingdao , Wang Gang , Zheng Baohui , Li Longyan , Lv Boning , Cao Hui , Chen Mindong
Published: February 2019

Single-layer π-conjugated conductive metal–organic nanosheets were developed as electrocatalysts to boost H2O2 reduction, fulfilling an ultralow detection limit of 10−7 (equal to 2.9 μmol L−1) for H2O2 concentration detection.
Excitation-independent emission carbon nanoribbon polymer as a ratiometric photoluminescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of quercetin
Authors: Wang Zhong-Xia , Gao Yuan-Fei , Jin Xing , Yu Xian-He , Tao Xi , Kong Fen-Ying , Fan Da-He , Wang Wei
Published: February 2019

In this study, sulfur–nitrogen co-doped carbon nanoribbon (SNCNR) polymers with stable dual-emission fluorescence were synthesized using a one-step traditional hydrothermal method of 6-mercaptopurine in an aqueous methanol solution.
A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 nanorod composites for detection of nitrofurantoin and its metabolite
Authors: He BaoShan , Li JiaWen
Published: February 2019

In this work, a reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 nanorod composite (rGO/Fe3O4NR) modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated for nitrofurantoin (NFT) and 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) detection.
Phosphine-catalysed asymmetric dearomative formal [4+2] cycloadditions of 3-benzofuranyl vinyl ketones
Authors: Xiao Ben-Xian , Jiang Bo , Song Xue , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: February 2019

An asymmetric dearomative formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 3-benzofuranyl vinyl ketones and 3-olefinic (7-aza)oxindoles is explored which is catalysed by chiral phosphines.
Experimental and density functional theory investigation of Pt-loaded titanium dioxide/molybdenum disulfide nanohybrid for SO2 gas sensing
Authors: Zhang Dongzhi , Pang Maosong , Wu Junfeng , Cao Yuhua
Published: February 2019

A high-performance sulfur dioxide sensor based on a platinum-loaded titanium dioxide/molybdenum disulfide ternary nanocomposite is synthesized via layer-by-layer self-assembly.
Biochemical responses of maize seedlings exposed to SnNPs
Authors: Pudake Ramesh Namdeo , Mittal Jagjiwan , Tripathi Ravi Mani , Tyagi Jaagriti , Mohanta Tapan Kumar
Published: February 2019

With the increased use of nanotechnology in almost all aspects of life, there is an increasing chance of risk of plants exposure to different nanoparticles (NPs). However, the studies on its potentially harmful effects in the cultivated crops are not well studied yet. Therefore, the authors aimed to study the effects of tin (Sn) NPs on the growth and physiological aspects of Zea mays. Thus, they exposed the maize seedlings to different concentrations of SnNPs for 2 weeks, and results revealed that the SnNPs at the studied concentration were not able to affect the seedling growth at a significant level. However, it induced the oxidative stress which was confirmed by increased guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activity. They also discussed that exposure duration, aggregation and concentrations were contributing factors in NPs mediated metal toxicity.
Spatial segregation of dust grains in transition disks
Authors: Villenave M. , Benisty M. , Dent W. R. F. , Ménard F. , Garufi A. , Ginski C. , Pinilla P. , Pinte C. , Williams J. P. , de Boer J. , Morino J.-I. , Fukagawa M. , Dominik C. , Flock M. , Henning T. , Juhász A. , Keppler M. , Muro-Arena G. , Olofsson J. , Pérez L. M. , van der Plas G. , Zurlo A. , Carle M. , Feautrier P. , Pavlov A. , Pragt J. , Ramos J. , Sauvage J.-F. , Stadler E. , Weber L.
Published: February 2019

Context. The mechanisms governing the opening of cavities in transition disks are not fully understood. Several processes have been proposed, but their occurrence rate is still unknown.

Aims. We present spatially resolved observations of two transition disks, and aim at constraining their vertical and radial structure using multiwavelength observations that probe different regions of the disks and can help understanding the origin of the cavities.

Methods. We have obtained near-infrared scattered light observations with VLT/SPHERE of the transition disks 2MASS J16083070-3828268 (J1608) and RXJ1852.3-3700 (J1852), located in the Lupus and Corona Australis star-forming regions respectively. We complement our datasets with archival ALMA observations, and with unresolved photometric observations covering a wide range of wavelengths. We performed radiative transfer modeling to analyze the morphology of the disks, and then compare the results with a sample of 20 other transition disks observed with both SPHERE and ALMA.

Results. We detect scattered light in J1608 and J1852 up to a radius of 0.54′′ and 0.4′′ respectively. The image of J1608 reveals a very inclined disk (i ~ 74°), with two bright lobes and a large cavity. We also marginally detect the scattering surface from the rear-facing side of the disk. J1852 shows an inner ring extending beyond the coronagraphic radius up to 15 au, a gap and a second ring at 42 au. Our radiative transfer model of J1608 indicates that the millimeter-sized grains are less extended vertically and radially than the micron-sized grains, indicating advanced settling and radial drift. We find good agreement with the observations of J1852 with a similar model, but due to the low inclination of the system, the model remains partly degenerate. The analysis of 22 transition disks shows that, in general, the cavities observed in scattered light are smaller than the ones detected at millimeter wavelengths.

Conclusions. The analysis of a sample of transition disks indicates that the small grains, well coupled to the gas, can flow inward of the region where millimeter grains are trapped. While 15 out of the 22 cavities in our sample could be explained by a planet of less than 13 Jupiter masses, the others either require the presence of a more massive companion or of several low-mass planets.
On Mean Field Games models for exhaustible commodities trade
Authors: Jameson Graber Philip , Mouzouni Charafeddine
Published: February 2019

We investigate a mean field game model for the production of exhaustible resources. In this model, firms produce comparable goods, strategically set their production rate in order to maximise profit, and leave the market as soon as they deplete their capacities. We examine the related Mean Field Game system and prove well-posedness for initial measure data by deriving suitable a priori estimates. Then, we show that feedback strategies which are computed from the Mean Field Game system provideε-Nash equilibria to the correspondingN-Player Cournot game, for large values ofN. This is done by showing tightness of the empirical process in the Skorokhod M 1 topology, which is defined for distribution-valued processes.
An efficient certificateless multi-receiver threshold decryption scheme
Authors: Gao Ronghai , Zeng Jiwen , Deng Lunzhi
Published: February 2019

Threshold decryption allows only quorum cooperate users to decrypt ciphertext encrypted under a public key. However, such threshold decryption scheme cannot be applied well in this situation where all users have their public and private key pairs, but do not share any private keys corresponding to the public keys, such as mobile network featured with dynamic character. The direct way to achieve threshold decryption in this case is to divide the message into several pieces and then encrypt these pieces with the public keys of different users. However, this is very inefficient. Multireceiver threshold decryption scheme that could be applied efficiently in the above situation. Recently, some certificateless (ID-based) multireceiver threshold decryption (signcryption) schemes are introduced. But the bilinear pairings are used in most of the existing schemes. In this paper, we propose an efficient certificateless threshold decryption scheme using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) without bilinear pairing. Performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme has lower computation cost than existing some threshold decryption schemes in both encryption and decryption process. Security analysis shows that our scheme is IND-CCA secure, and no one outside of selected receivers can disclose receivers identities, against the adversaries defined in CL-PKC system under the random oracle model.
Die fokussierte transthorakale Echokardiografie in der perioperativen Versorgung
Authors: Vojnar Benjamin , Zoremba Martin
Published: February 2019

Mithilfe der fokussierten transthorakalen Echokardiografie (TTE) erhalten wir rasch und nichtinvasiv aktuelle Informationen zum hämodynamischen Status eines Patienten. Diese können nachfolgend unsere aktuelle Therapie und dadurch unser Risikomanagement beeinflussen. Postoperativ hat sich die TTE als Untersuchungsmethode im Aufwachraum und auf der Intensivstation bewährt, um lebensbedrohliche Ursachen für eine Kreislaufdepression zeitnah zu diagnostizieren. Akutpathologika wie eine Perikardtamponade oder die fulminante Pulmonalarterienembolie können so schnell erfasst und evtl. auch zeitintensive Transporte in eine CT vermieden werden. Auch präoperativ kann der Einsatz der TTE sinnvoll sein zur Beurteilung des Volumenstatus, der Pumpfunktion oder hämodynamisch relevanter Vitien. Vor allem bei Operationen mit hohem perioperativem Komplikationsrisiko können diese Erkenntnisse mit in eine „goal-directed therapy“ einfließen. Entsprechende Algorithmen für ein erweitertes hämodynamisches Monitoring und das Volumenmanagement existieren bereits in vielen Bereichen – sie werden aber häufig nicht konsequent umgesetzt und in die Abläufe der eigenen Klinik implementiert. Mit diesem Artikel legen wir Nutzen und Relevanz der hämodynamischen Evaluation mittels TTE in jeder Phase der Patientenversorgung dar. Darüber hinaus stellen wir einen möglichen Algorithmus für die Versorgung kritisch kranker Patienten vor, der auf den wichtigsten transthorakalen Untersuchungen und hämodynamischen Messverfahren basiert. Er soll im klinischen Alltag und insbesondere im Bereitschaftsdienst eine Hilfestellung für den sinnvollen Einsatz der TTE bieten.
Normal Values for Parotid Gland and
Submandibular-Sublingual Salivary Gland Complex Uptake of
99mTechnetium Pertechnetate using SPECT in Mice with Respect to Age,
Sex, and Circadian Rhythm
Authors: Huang Eleonore L. , Steffen Ingo G. , Lukas Mathias , Huang Kai , Aschenbach Joerg R. , Eary Janet F. , Brenner Winfried , Beindorff Nicola
Published: February 2019

Aim The aim of this study was to establish normal values for parotid gland
(PG) and submandibular-sublingual salivary gland complex (SSC) uptake of
99mtechnetium pertechnetate (99mTcO4) as a
function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice.

Methods In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice, nine consecutive
SPECT images of 10 min each were acquired as dynamic acquisitions beginning
5 min after intravenous injection of 80 MBq 99mTcO4. Each
mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. In
order to assess for physiologic changes related to circadian rhythm, animals
were imaged during light (sleeping phase) as well as during night conditions
(awake phase). The percentage tracer uptake of the injected activity is
expressed as median %ID.

Results Maximum 99mTcO4 uptake occurred earlier in
PG at 11 min compared to SSC at 79 min (p < 0.001). No significant effect of
circadian rhythm was observed in PG (p = 0.64) and SSC uptake (p = 0.27). With
aging, 99mTcO4 uptake significantly decreased for PG
(p < 0.001) while it increased for SSC (p < 0.001). F (0.5) had a
significantly higher PG uptake than M (0.3; p < 0.001) up to an age of 24
months. However, SSC uptake of F (4.6) was higher than that of M (3.8;
p = 0.014) only at the age of 1 month. Thereafter, F (5.6) had lower SSC uptake
than M (9.2; p < 0.001) from 3 months onwards. Normalizing %ID to gland
volume showed that F had a significantly higher uptake (%ID/mm3) in
both PG (F 0.013; M 0.007; p < 0.001) and in SSC (F 0.110; M 0.075;
p < 0.001).

Conclusion Uptake patterns differed among PG and SSC with a significant
impact of age and sex while circadian rhythm had no significant influence.
Therefore, design of salivary gland studies in mice using
99mTcO4 should consider age and sex as relevant
factors.
Physiotherapie nach einer Knie-TEP – die Individualität im
Blick behalten
Authors: Davies-Knorr Trisha , Wimmer Julia
Published: February 2019

Nach Implantation einer Knieendoprothese lohnt es sich, den ganzen Menschen und
nicht nur das lokale Geschehen in den Clinical-Reasoning-Prozess und die
therapeutischen Entscheidungen miteinzubeziehen. Die beiden Fallbeispiele zeigen
eindrücklich, wie dieser weitere Blick zu einer erfolgreichen Therapie
führt.
Evidenzlage zur konservativen Therapie bei akuter Syndesmosenverletzung am oberen Sprunggelenk im Sport
Authors: Reiter Marvin , Vogt Ute , Reuter Sven
Published: February 2019

In 1–18 % der Fälle wird die Syndesmosenverletzung von einer Bandverletzung am Sprunggelenk begleitet oder tritt isoliert auf. Zu den Risikogruppen gehören vor allem Sportarten mit schnellen Richtungswechseln und Gegnerkontakt wie Fußball oder American Football. Aktuell gibt es im Bereich der Physiotherapie keine Evidenz für die konservative Therapie der akuten Syndesmosenverletzung am oberen Sprunggelenk.

Die in den Fachdatenbanken PubMed, Cochrane und PEDro gefundenen und in die vorliegende Arbeit eingeschlossenen 11 Studien zeigten bezüglich der konservativen Therapie einen Konsens in verschiedenen aufgestellten Parametern. Basierend auf der aktuell vorhandenen Literatur ließ sich ein physiotherapeutischer Behandlungsalgorithmus zur ausschließlich konservativen Therapie der akuten Syndesmosenverletzung am oberen Sprunggelenk erstellen.
Zur Nachhaltigkeit des Erfolges in der Rehabilitation
Authors: Koch Uwe
Published: February 2019

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,

Zunächst ein gutes, gesundes und erfolgreiches Neues Jahr!

„Evidenzbasierung“ ist in der gesamten Medizin – also auch in der Rehabilitation – inzwischen ein breit akzeptiertes Ziel. Das heißt, zumindest in längerfristiger Perspektive sollen nur noch Maßnahmen zur Anwendung kommen (und finanziert werden), deren Wirksamkeit empirisch nachgewiesen ist. Dieses Ziel ist nicht neu und auch nicht kurzfristig erreichbar – weder in der Rehabilitation noch in der Medizin.
Reise in ein neues Leben – Überlebender eines schweren Schädel-Hirn-Traumas
Authors: Schäler Reinhard
Published: February 2019

Als Patrick 23 Jahre alt war, beendete ein Pickup-Truck sein bis dahin aktives und glückliches Leben. Zurück blieben ein schweres Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, unermüdlich kämpfende Eltern und eine Odyssee über die Ländergrenzen hinweg.
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Substituted Diaryl Ethers by Using Ruthenium Nanoparticles on an Acidic Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (Ru@SILP-SO3H)
Authors: Rengshausen Simon , Etscheidt Fabian , Großkurth Johannes , Luska Kylie , Bordet Alexis , Leitner Walter
Published: February 2019

Catalytic hydrogenolysis of diaryl ethers is achieved by using ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on an acidic supported ionic liquid phase (Ru@SILP-SO3H) as a multifunctional catalyst. The catalyst components are assembled through a molecular approach ensuring synergistic action of the metal and acid functions. The resulting catalyst is highly active for the hydrogenolysis of various diaryl ethers. For symmetric substrates such as diphenyl ether, hydrogenolysis is followed by full hydrodeoxygenation producing the corresponding cycloalkanes as the main products. For unsymmetric substrates, the cleavage of the C–O bond is regioselective and occurs adjacent to the unsubstituted phenyl ring. As hydrogenation of benzene is faster than hydrodeoxygenation over the Ru@SILP-SO3H catalyst, controlled mixtures of cyclohexane and substituted phenols are accessible with good selectivity. Application of Ru@SILP-SO3H catalyst in continuous-flow hydrogenolysis of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenoxybenzene is demonstrated with use of commercial equipment.
Increased Leucocyte–Platelet Complex Formation in Recently Symptomatic versus Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Patients and in Micro-emboli Negative Subgroups
Authors: Murphy Stephen , Lim Soon , Kinsella Justin , Tierney Sean , Egan Bridget , Feeley T. , Murphy Sinead , Walsh Richard , Collins D. , Coughlan Tara , O'Neill Desmond , Harbison Joseph , Madhavan Prakash , O'Neill Sean , Colgan Mary , Cox Dermot , Moran Niamh , Hamilton George , McCabe Dominick
Published: February 2019

Introduction Cerebral micro-embolic signals (MES) predict risk of stroke in carotid stenosis patients. However, MES-negative ‘recently symptomatic patients’ also have a higher stroke risk than ‘asymptomatic patients’. Differences in platelet activation status may contribute to this disparity in risk.

Methods This prospective, observational study assessed platelet biomarkers and their relationship with MES in asymptomatic versus symptomatic moderate (≥50–69%) or severe (≥70–99%) carotid stenosis patients. Full blood count parameters were measured and whole-blood flow cytometry was used to quantify platelet surface CD62P and CD63 expression and leucocyte–platelet complex formation. Bilateral simultaneous transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral arteries classified patients as ‘MES positive’ or ‘MES negative’.

Results Data from 34 asymptomatic patients were compared with those from 43 symptomatic patients in the ‘early phase’ (≤ 4 weeks) and 37 of these symptomatic patients in the ‘late phase’ (≥ 3 months) after transient ischaemic attack/ischaemic stroke. There were no differences in %CD62P or %CD63 expression between early or late symptomatic and asymptomatic patients overall (p > 0.05). The percentage of lymphocyte–platelet complexes was higher in early symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients (2.8 vs. 2.16%; p < 0.001). MES were more commonly observed in early symptomatic (31.4%; p = 0.027) but not in late symptomatic (6.7%; p = 0.996) versus asymptomatic patients (7.1%). The percentage of lymphocyte–platelet complexes was higher in early symptomatic than in asymptomatic MES-negative patients (2.7 vs. 2.17%; p = 0.02).

Conclusion These data add to the evidence that leucocyte–platelet complex formation/platelet activation is increased in recently symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of first and subsequent strokes in carotid stenosis patients, including those who are MES negative.
Cohesive zone models to understand the interface mechanics of thin film transfer printing
Authors: Jain Shruti , Liechti Kenneth M. , Bonnecaze Roger T.
Published: February 2019

Competing fracture in the transfer of thin films from a relatively rigid host substrate to a flexible polymer substrate is studied using finite element simulations with cohesive zone models. Cohesive zone models for delamination based on traction-separation relations with a maximum stress criterion for damage initiation and mode-independent fracture energy for complete separation are explored to identify important parameters that affect transfer printing. Successful transfer of a thin film to a relatively compliant polymer substrate from a stiffer substrate depends on relative crack lengths, interface strengths, and fracture energies. Interface selection occurs where the mode-mix at the crack tip is predominantly due to normal stresses, despite the interface toughness being mode-independent. The observations and the fracture maps developed here predict the interface selection directly with material properties of the interfaces, substrates, and films.
Apparatus for
operando
x-ray diffraction of fuel electrodes in high temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells
Authors: Benck Jesse D. , Rettenwander Daniel , Jackson Ariel , Young David , Chiang Yet-Ming
Published: February 2019

Characterizing electrochemical energy conversion devices during operation is an important strategy for correlating device performance with the properties of cell materials under real operating conditions. While operando characterization has been used extensively for low temperature electrochemical cells, these techniques remain challenging for solid oxide electrochemical cells due to the high temperatures and reactive gas atmospheres these cells require. Operando X-ray diffraction measurements of solid oxide electrochemical cells could detect changes in the crystal structure of the cell materials, which can be useful for understanding degradation process that limit device lifetimes, but the experimental capability to perform operando X-ray diffraction on the fuel electrodes of these cells has not been demonstrated. Here we present the first experimental apparatus capable of performing X-ray diffraction measurements on the fuel electrodes of high temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells during operation under reducing gas atmospheres. We present data from an example experiment with a model solid oxide cell to demonstrate that this apparatus can collect X-ray diffraction patterns during electrochemical cell operation at high temperatures in humidified H2 gas. Measurements performed using this apparatus can reveal new insights about solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolyzer cell degradation mechanisms to enable the design of durable, high performance devices.
Computation of intensity and polarization state of diffracted fields from reflective gratings in conical geometry
Authors: Akarid A. , Polack F.
Published: February 2019

Conical diffraction geometry has interesting properties for monochromatization of short pulse sources of extreme-UV or soft X-ray radiation, like high harmonic generation in gases. It enables high diffraction efficiency at the cost of a reduced angular dispersion. Computation of grating efficiency is complex when the incidence plane is not perpendicular to the grating lines because S and P polarizations are coupled. We have therefore developed a special code, named COROX, which implements a rigorous coupled-wave analysis algorithm. The code is able to compute the complex diffracted field from any incidence direction and polarization on any kind of grating (thick lamellar and blazed gratings with single or multilayer coating). COROX is developed with C++ and uses an eigen linear algebra library. This paper outlines the method of computation, and the results are given for a 150 l/mm blazed grating in a conical Littrow configuration.
Stitching techniques for measuring X-ray synchrotron mirror topography
Authors: Vivo A. , Barrett R. , Perrin F.
Published: February 2019

Optical metrology and polishing techniques are continuously evolving to satisfy the increasingly stringent specifications required for X-ray optical components for synchrotron and free-electron laser light source beamlines. For both spherical and aspherical geometries, the most demanding applications may have target residual figure errors close to 1 nm. To achieve such specifications and maintain them in the optomechanical mount, it is critical to develop methods capable of measuring the topography of the optical surface over the clear aperture of the mirror. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility optical metrology laboratory has developed a stitching tool initially aimed at measuring long flat mirrors up to 1 m long with a Fizeau interferometer. The system is routinely used providing 2D maps of the optical surface. The instrument capabilities have been extended to characterize moderately curved optics using a transmission flat element, and results obtained on a high quality spherical mirror with 120 m of radius of curvature are presented. As a novel approach of stitching application, the technique has been used to improve the measurement accuracy of the Fizeau interferometer when measuring short plane mirrors. Acquisition of 2D topographies on a short plane mirror by micro-stitching interferometry is also presented and discussed.
Pressure-induced insulator to metal transition of mixed valence compound Ce(O,F)SbS2
Authors: Matsumoto Ryo , Nagao Masanori , Ochi Masayuki , Tanaka Hiromi , Hara Hiroshi , Adachi Shintaro , Nakamura Kazuki , Murakami Ryo , Yamamoto Sayaka , Irifune Tetsuo , Takeya Hiroyuki , Tanaka Isao , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: February 2019

Transport properties of CeO0.85F0.15SbS2 and undoped CeOSbS2 under high pressure were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Electrical resistivity measurements of the CeO0.85F0.15SbS2 single crystals were performed under various high pressures using a diamond anvil cell with boron-doped diamond electrodes. The samples showed the insulator to metal transition by applying a high pressure up to 30-40 GPa. On the other hand, the undoped CeOSbS2 showed almost the same transport property with the F-doped sample under high pressure. The valence state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a simple valence state of Ce3+ in CeO0.85F0.15SbS2 and mixed valence state between Ce3+ and Ce4+ in undoped CeOSbS2. The valence fluctuation in Ce carried out the comparable transport nature in both samples. A band calculation suggests that the undoped CeOSbS2 could be metallic under high pressure of 30 GPa in accordance with the experimental results. A superior thermoelectric property of power factor in CeOSbS2 was estimated under high pressure around 20 GPa in comparison with that of ambient pressure.