bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tip-enhanced cavity-spectroscopy to control excitonic behaviors at the nanoscale Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)1
Authors: Park Kyoung-Duck
Published: July 2024

The tunability of the bandgap, radiative emission, and energy transfer in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers provides a new class of functions for a wide range of ultrathin photonic devices. Additionally, understanding and controlling the nanoscale transport of excitonic quasiparticles, such as excitons and trions, in atomically thin 2D semiconductors are crucial to produce highly efficient nano-excitonic devices. In this talk, I present a dynamic nano-mechanical strain-engineering of naturally-formed wrinkles in a WSe2 monolayer, with real-time investigation of nano-spectroscopic properties using tip-enhanced cavity-spectroscopy. We reveal the modified nano-excitonic properties by the induced tensile strain at the wrinkle apex, exhibiting the exciton funneling phenomenon. In addition, we demonstrate a nanogap device to selectively confine excitons or trions of 2D TMDs at the nanoscale, facilitated by the drift-dominant exciton funneling into the strain-induced local spot. Furthermore, we present a method for the all-optical control of the exciton-to-trion conversion process and its spatial distributions in a MoS2 monolayer. We exploit propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to localize hot electrons in a 2D TMD transferred on a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide. Our work provides a new strategy for robust, tunable, and ultracompact nano-excitonic devices using atomically thin semiconductors.
Generation of SPASER Pulse by Rapid Adiabatic Passage with Chirped Pump Pulse
Authors: Purohit Ankit , Mishra Akhilesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

The concept of surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (spaser) was proposed by D. Bergman and M. I. Stockman in 2003 [4]. In this article, we use Gaussian pulse to pump a spaser system. We utilize the concept of ARP and show that a chirp Gaussian pulse is more efficient for population transfer in gain medium [4]. As a result, a large number of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) are obtained.
Video-rate Spectral Imaging Chip based on Metasurfaces
Authors: Huang Yidong , Cui Kaiyu , Xiong Jian , Yang Jiawei
Published: July 2024

Spectral imaging extends the concept of traditional color cameras to capture images across multiple spectral channels, and is widely used in many fields such as remote sensing, precision agriculture, biomedicine, environmental monitoring and astronomy. Conventional spectral cameras based on scanning methods suffer from low acquisition speed, large volume and high cost.
Fabrication of gold nanobridges between gold nanoparticles by localized light
Authors: Takeuchi Yuki , Takeyasu Nobuyuki , Tanaka Takuo
Published: July 2024

Metallic nanostructure enhances the field intensity of incident light by several orders of magnitude on the surface. The enhanced field can be utilized as e.g., highly sensitive sensor, driving force of chemical reactions, etc., which are never achieved with only light irradiation. For those applications, it is necessary to match the resonance of the nanostructures with excitation wavelength of used light source. The resonance wavelength depends on the size, surrounding media, and geometry. Thus, a wide variety of methods have been developed to control geometries of the nanostructures. Among the geometries, dumbbell structure allows us to tune the resonance widely from visible to near-infrared (NIR) region. The resonance wavelength is determined by the thickness of the center handle [1]. However, it is still challenging to control the thickness of the handle on nanoscale.
Helicity Preserving Scattering by Mie Resonant Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroshi , Negoro Hidemasa , Fujii Minoru
Published: July 2024

A material system with the electromagnetic duality symmetry responds symmetrically to electric and magnetic fields. Such “dual” system can preserve the helicity of the incident field, i.e., preserve the handedness of circularly polarized incident light (helicity). Helicity preserving nanostructures and metasurfaces have been recently attracting much attentions because they can enhance optical responses of chiral molecules. In general, the resonant nanostructures are “non-dual” and the scattered light does not preserve the helicity of the incident circularly polarized light (Figure 1a). On the other hand, if the incident light is right-handed circular polarization (RCP), the scattered light by “dual” nanoparticles is RCP to all directions (Figure 1b). This is achieved only when a particle responds equally to electric and magnetic fields, which is not the case in natural materials at the optical frequency.
Resonant metaphotonics and metasurfaces
Authors: Kivshar Yuri
Published: July 2024

We review the recent advances in nonlinear metaphotonics of nanoparticles and metasurfaces empowered by optical resonances. We demonstrate a giant enhancement of the second-harmonic signal generated from silicon metasurfaces at guided-mode lattice resonances and quasi-bound states in the continuum.
Concise and Robust All-Fiber Ultrafast Laser Mode-Locked by Nonlinear Multimode Interference
Authors: Dai Maolin , Liu Bowen , Ma Yifan , Shirahata Takuma , Set Sze Yun , Yamashita Shinji
Published: July 2024

Ultrafast fiber lasers achieved by passive mode-locking techniques have wide application potentials from fundamental research to industry applications. Recently, nonlinear multimode interference existed in multimode fibers is proved to provide fast saturable absorption and can be used for ultrafast laser generation, and is especially paid much attention owing to various advantages [1]. We report an all-fiber ultrafast laser mode-locked by a graded-index multi-mode fiber (GI-MMF) saturable absorber based on nonlinear multimode interference, with a super concise cavity configuration and robust laser operation.
Tunable-Repetition-Rate Dual-Comb Generation in a Polarization-Maintaining Bidirectional Fiber Laser
Authors: Liu Bowen , Dai Maolin , Ma Yifan , Shirahata Takuma , Yamashita Shinji , Set Sze Yun
Published: July 2024

Ultrafast laser is an ideal playground for the study of precise spectroscopy and microscopy that heavily rely on the high-performance optical frequency combs, which is the unique nature of mode-locked fiber laser. In particular, dual-comb fiber laser can greatly improve system performance while reducing complexity by developing self-referencing combs and coupling pulse trains with different repetition rates. Whereas the repetition rate is generally determined for a certain lasing resonator, which creates additional constraints in dual-comb applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a bidirectional polarization-maintaining mode-locked fiber laser, of which the two orthogonal polarization components propagating along fast- and slow-axis are bidirectionally multiplexed resonate clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively. The repetition rate of clockwise lasing pulses is fixed according to the certain cavity length, while the one of another lasing components traveling opposite can be tuned continuously through the intra-cavity delay line. The maximum tuning range of the counterclockwise repetition rate reaches 681.6 kHz. Compared with fixed loop, the largest RF difference between two combs is 978.2 kHz, almost equals to 1 MHz. Meanwhile, the dual combs generate in two opposite directions have nearly the same central wavelength, enabling high coherence. Different from most current dual-comb solutions, this high-coherent characteristic could greatly improve the performance of the dual-comb system, making it also have potential in some specific spectroscopy and microscopy measurement scenarios.
Ultrafast dynamics of the interaction between double-pulse femtosecond laser and silica glass
Authors: Ren Guoqi , Ito Yusuke , Yoshizaki Reina , Sun Huijie , Hattori Junya , Sugita Naohiko
Published: July 2024

Temporally shaping a single femtosecond (fs) laser pulse into a double-pulse (DP) mode has been demonstrated to be an efficient method for internal modifications of transparent dielectrics [1,2]. However, the mechanism of double-pulse propagation and excitation in dielectrics has not been well clarified. In this work, the ultrafast response of silica glass under the irradiation of a shot of DP fs laser is studied. The results are helpful for understanding the laser absorption into the excited electrons, as well as the microprocessing applications in integrated photonics.
Intelligent identification of pollutant types and concentrations based on image processing and optical technology
Authors: Chan Tsung-Ta , Wang Chih-Chung , Hsu Hung-Wei , Ho Chao-Ching , Kao Feng-Sheng , Chu Jen-You , Li Jia-Han
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of human civilization, the world is facing serious water pollution issues, leading to significant economic losses. Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and effectively treating sewage has become a pressing priority.
Processing RF signals using low-power Brillouin nonlinearities
Authors: Parihar Reena , Raj Piyush , Girish K. , Choudhary Amol
Published: July 2024

Processing of RF signals using photonics is becoming increasingly important owing to 5G and up-coming 6G applications. One important functionality that is desirable for the high-capacity and flexible communication systems is fast tunable and reconfigurable RF filtering. There are several optical technologies that achieve low-resolution filters which are only relevant for coarse signal processing (>500 MHz). Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) enables Megahertz resolutions and can bridge high-resolution and coarse resolution signal processing [1]. However, bandwidth tailoring of Brillouin responses requires large optical powers to generate multiple pumps and thus makes the system very power-inefficient [2-4].
Influence of Substrate temperature on the performance of Schottky photodetector based on Au/n-Si structure
Authors: Dudi Dinesh , Aissa Brahim , Pereira Rui N. , Mitra Anirban
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, metal nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly very promising and intriguing in research and technology be-cause of their quantum confinement effect, easy manufacturing, low-cost, controllable synthesis, and more effective charge transport [1]. These nanostructures are utilized to develop a device such as gas sensors, solar cells, photodetectors, and LEDs. The surface plasmon resonance wave-length of the metal NPs can be tailored to certain spectral areas by modifying their size, shape, and surrounding dielectric medium [2]. The energy of incident light below the semiconductor's bandgap energy can be detected using an internal photoemission Schottky barrier photodetector developed at the interface of a metal and semiconductor.[3] The interface between deposited metal and the semiconductor surface plays a significant role in determining the quality of a Schottky contact. As the annealing temperature rises, several aspects of the interface alter. In this report, Au-NPs /n-Si-based Schottky photodetector is fabricated by depositing Au-nanoparticle thin film on a Si substrate at different substrate temperatures using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The Au NPs/ n-Si photodetector shows good responsivity of 1.095 A/W under the illumination of a 735nm wavelength LED source.
Tracking Optical Properties During Atomic Substitution Process from MoSe2 to Janus MoSeS
Authors: Suzuki Hiroo , Misawa Masaaki , Wang Yingzhe , Tsuruta Kenji , Hayashi Yasuhiko
Published: July 2024

Janus transition metal dichloride (TMDC) is a TMDC with two different chalcogenide elements on the upper and lower surfaces. This special structure is reported to break the out-of-plane symmetry of the monolayer TMDC and produce out-of-plane polarization. This is expected to lead to the development of new electronic properties, such as Rashba spin splitting and piezoelectricity. There have been several reports on the synthesis of Janus TMDCs, and in recent years, the use of chalcogen spices containing H2 plasma for atomic substitution on the surface of TMDC has attracted attention since Janus TMDCs can be generated at room temperature [1,2]. However, the generation process of Janus TMDCs with this method has not been well under-stood. In addition, the physical properties in the intermediate state between TMDC and Janus TMDC have also not been clarified, although the control of the intermediate state is important for tuning the physical properties of Janus TMDCs. Thus, elucidating the intermediate partially sub-stituted Janus (PSJ) state between MoSe2 and Janus MoSeS state is essential for understanding the synthesis dynamics and tuning the electrical properties of TMDCs.
Upconversion electroluminescence in van der Waals tunnel diodes
Authors: Eda Goki
Published: July 2024

Plasmonic tunnel junctions comprising van der Waals semiconductor are an attractive platform where the interplay between inelastically tunneling electrons, surface plasmons, and excitons is expected to give rise to novel light emission phenomena. Here, we report observation of peculiar upconversion electroluminescene in van der Waals tunnel diodes comprising a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) in the electron tunneling pathway. The device exhibits bimodal electroluminescence with a broad low energy band and a narrow high energy band. Interestingly, the high energy emission, which is attributed to the TMD ground exciton, is found to turn on at applied biases significantly lower than the threshold defined by its emission energy whereas the low energy emission, which arises from plasmonic emission, strictly obeys the quantum cut-off (Figure 1). We examine several possible model and show that momentum-indirect excitation of high energy carriers enabled by inelastic electron tunneling is a key component enabling the apparent energy gain.
Yb-doped Fiber Pulse Laser Capable for Highspeed Wavelength Scanning
Authors: Ma Yifan , Dai Maolin , Liu Bowen , Set Sze Y. , Yamashita Shinji
Published: July 2024

In recent years, femtosecond pulse laser has gained increasing recognition, predominantly due to its capacity for wavelength conversion and high peak power. Making it an advantageous tool for implementing spectroscopy techniques, notably Scattering Raman Spectroscopy (SRS) and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS). However, high-speed spectroscopy scanning traditionally poses a challenge [1]. Conventional tuning strategies, such as the optical parametric oscillator, often demand distinct crystal tilting angles, thereby necessitating complicated control units. This preference for external strategies tends to demand greater effort, thus presenting an area ripe for innovation and improvement.
Analyzing Photopigments in Medicinal Plant Leaves using UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Karnati Manikanth , Naik Aditi , Raju Gagan , Nadumane Sharmila Sajankila , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: July 2024

Photopigment degradation in the leaf directly impacts the quality of the leaf over time during storage. The present study employs time dependant Uv- vis spectroscopic analysis for analysis of the nature of the leaf during storage.
2D mapping of optical vortices
Authors: Banguilan Dina Grace C. , Hermosa Nathaniel P.
Published: July 2024

An optical vortex occurs when the real and imaginary parts of a complex electromagnetic wave field become zero, and the phase becomes singular at the beam's center. The light around a beam containing OVs carries a topological charge m [1]. However, higher-order vortices |m| >1 are inherently unstable that they tend to separate in a series of vortices with a unity charge. Here, we demonstrate a technique to locate optical vortices using light’s diffraction by a triangular aperture.
Direct generation of Bessel-like vortex beams using Pr3+ fiber laser
Authors: Yoneda Yuto , Rao A Srinivasa , Fujimoto Yasushi , Miyamoto Katsuhiko , Omatsu Takashige
Published: July 2024

Optical vortex beams carry a ring spatial form and an orbital angular momentum (OAM) assigned by a topological charge ℓ [1], and they have been widely studied in a variety of applications, such as optical tweezers [2], microscopic imaging [3] and material processing [4]. The above mentioned applications strongly require compact and robust visible vortex sources with high efficiency.
Laser Scanning Microscope Techniques with Structured Light Beams Enabling Super-Resolution Imaging and Rapid Three-Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Kozawa Yuichi , Uesugi Yuuki , Sato Shunichi
Published: July 2024

The amplitude, phase, and polarization of light are the fundamental parameters that characterize light waves. In general, Gaussian beams with uniform phase and polarization distribution on the beam cross-section are mostly used in many applications using laser light beams. By contrast, when these parameters are spatially distributed on the beam cross-section, unique properties that cannot be attained by conventional light beams are manifested. Such light beams are also called structured light beams and have attracted much attention in recent years.
High Harmonic Generation from a Microplasma Source
Authors: Lupu Maria Carla , Bagsican Filchito Renee , Hanano Tatsunosuke , Man Michael K. L. , Madéo Julien , Dani Keshav M.
Published: July 2024

The nonlinear process of High Harmonic Generation (HHG) has enabled table-top ultrafast sources of coherent radiation, mainly in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region, with extensive use in a large variety of domains, such as industry [1], biology [2], and photoemission science [3]. In particular, the latter would greatly benefit from tunable high repetition rate XUV sources, to map the electronic band structure of materials over a large range of the Brillouin Zone with fast data acquisition. Generally, in HHG experiments, the required peak intensity is reached with the use of femtosecond lasers with a pulse energy in the range of 10 µJ – 1 mJ, typically focused down to a spot diameter of 10 µm – 100 µm, respectively. Focusing the beam tighter than a few microns, thus generating a microplasma, would enable the use of sub-µJ sources. However, a microplasma HHG source is expected to lead to a very poor XUV photon flux. This assumption originates from the phase matching condition in an ultra-tight focusing geometry, where the significant contribution of Gouy phase factor cannot be balanced out. Prior HHG work based on micron-scale spot diameter [4] has shown an XUV photon flux multiple orders of magnitude lower than the requirement for photoemission experiments [3]. Here, we demonstrate experimentally the high efficiency of a microplasma XUV source [5], with a photon flux that exceeds 1011 photons/s/harmonic, driven by a pulse energy lower than 1 µJ. As a driving source, we use a noncolinear optical parametric amplifier system operated at 4 MHz repetition rate, from which we tune the driving wavelength between 700 nm - 900 nm. In Fig. 1, we show the measured XUV spectra, with two regimes of tunability: a) a discrete harmonic tunability ranging from 20 to 50 eV and b) a continuous tunability of about 9 eV. The generation of efficient XUV radiation with sub-µJ class sources could open a new era for spectroscopy and material science.
High-repetition rate table-top XUV source with narrow linewidth and long-term stability for time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Bagsican Filchito Renee G. , Hawecker Jacques , Bacon David , Zhu Xing , Pareek Vivek , Lupu Maria-Carla , Kokate Prajakta , Suchiang Harley , Man Michael K.L. , Madéo Julien , Dani Keshav M.
Published: July 2024

The emergence of table-top XUV sources has ushered in a new era of multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy that allowed access to the nature and dynamics of excited states in various material systems [1]. Here we pre-sent our XUV source that operates at 2 MHz with very high signal-to-noise, long-term stability, and narrow linewidth that has been instrumental to our recent achievements in understanding exciton physics in 2D semiconductors [2-4].
Generating information-dense promoter sequences with optimal string packing
Authors: Andreani Virgile , South Eric J. , Dunlop Mary J.
Published: July 2024

Dense arrangements of binding sites within nucleotide sequences can collectively influence downstream transcription rates or initiate biomolecular interactions. For example, natural promoter regions can harbor many overlapping transcription factor binding sites that influence the rate of transcription initiation. Despite the prevalence of overlapping binding sites in nature, rapid design of nucleotide sequences with many overlapping sites remains a challenge. Here, we show that this is an NP-hard problem, coined here as the nucleotide String Packing Problem (SPP). We then introduce a computational technique that efficiently assembles sets of DNA-protein binding sites into dense, contiguous stretches of double-stranded DNA. For the efficient design of nucleotide sequences spanning hundreds of base pairs, we reduce the SPP to an Orienteering Problem with integer distances, and then leverage modern integer linear programming solvers. Our method optimally packs sets of 20–100 binding sites into dense nucleotide arrays of 50–300 base pairs in 0.05–10 seconds. Unlike approximation algorithms or meta-heuristics, our approach finds provably optimal solutions. We demonstrate how our method can generate large sets of diverse sequences suitable for library generation, where the frequency of binding site usage across the returned sequences can be controlled by modulating the objective function. As an example, we then show how adding additional constraints, like the inclusion of sequence elements with fixed positions, allows for the design of bacterial promoters. The nucleotide string packing approach we present can accelerate the design of sequences with complex DNA-protein interactions. When used in combination with synthesis and high-throughput screening, this design strategy could help interrogate how complex binding site arrangements impact either gene expression or biomolecular mechanisms in varied cellular contexts.
Artificial Intelligence-based automated CT brain interpretation to accelerate treatment for acute stroke in rural India: An interrupted time series study
Authors: Chiramal Justy Antony , Johnson Jacob , Webster Jemin , Nag D. Rachel , Robert Dennis , Ghosh Tamaghna , Golla Satish , Pawar Saniya , Krishnan Pranav , Drain Paul K. , Mooney Stephen J.
Published: July 2024

In resource-limited settings, timely treatment of acute stroke is dependent upon accurate diagnosis that draws on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans of the head. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based devices may be able to assist non-specialist physicians in NCCT interpretation, thereby enabling faster interventions for acute stroke patients in these settings. We evaluated the impact of an AI device by comparing the time to intervention (TTI) from NCCT imaging to significant intervention before (baseline) and after the deployment of AI, in patients diagnosed with stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) through a retrospective interrupted time series analysis at a rural hospital managed by non-specialists in India. Significant intervention was defined as thrombolysis or antiplatelet therapy in ischemic strokes, and mannitol for hemorrhagic strokes or mass effect. We also evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the software using the teleradiologists’ reports as ground truth. Impact analysis in a total of 174 stroke patients (72 in baseline and 102 after deployment) demonstrated a significant reduction of median TTI from 80 minutes (IQR: 56·8–139·5) during baseline to 58·50 (IQR: 30·3–118.2) minutes after AI deployment (Wilcoxon rank sum test—location shift: -21·0, 95% CI: -38·0, -7·0). Diagnostic accuracy evaluation in a total of 864 NCCT scans demonstrated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) in detecting intracranial hemorrhage to be 0·89 (95% CI: 0·83–0·93), 0·99 (0·98–1·00), 0·96 (0·91–0·98) and 0·97 (0·96–0·98) respectively, and for infarct these were 0·84 (0·79–0·89), 0·81 (0·77–0·84), 0·58 (0·52–0·63), and 0·94 (0·92–0·96), respectively. AI-based NCCT interpretation supported faster abnormality detection with high accuracy, resulting in persons with acute stroke receiving significantly earlier treatment. Our results suggest that AI-based NCCT interpretation can potentially improve uptake of lifesaving interventions for acute stroke in resource-limited settings.
Facial length and angle feature recognition for digital libraries
Authors: Li Shuangyan , Ji Min , Chen Ming , Chen Lanzhi
Published: July 2024

With the continuous progress of technology, facial recognition technology is widely used in various scenarios as a mature biometric technology. However, the accuracy of facial feature recognition has become a major challenge. This study proposes a face length feature and angle feature recognition method for digital libraries, targeting the recognition of different facial features. Firstly, an in-depth study is conducted on the architecture of facial action networks based on attention mechanisms to provide more accurate and comprehensive facial features. Secondly, a network architecture based on length and angle features of facial expressions, the expression recognition network is explored to improve the recognition rate of different expressions. Finally, an end-to-end network framework based on attention mechanism for facial feature points is constructed to improve the accuracy and stability of facial feature recognition network. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using the facial expression dataset FER-2013. The experimental results showed that the average recognition rate for the seven common expressions was 97.28% to 99.97%. The highest recognition rate for happiness and surprise was 99.97%, while the relatively low recognition rate for anger, fear, and neutrality was 97.18%. The data has verified that the research method can effectively recognize and distinguish different facial expressions, with high accuracy and robustness. The recognition method based on attention mechanism for facial feature points has effectively optimized the recognition process of facial length and angle features, significantly improving the stability of facial expression recognition, especially in complex environments, providing reliable technical support for digital libraries and other fields. This study aims to promote the development of facial recognition technology in digital libraries, improve the service quality and user experience of digital libraries.
Green finance growth prediction model based on time-series conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Abdelhady Aya Salama , Dahmani Nadia , AbouEl-Magd Lobna M. , Darwish Ashraf , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: July 2024

Climate change mitigation necessitates increased investment in green sectors. This study proposes a methodology to predict green finance growth across various countries, aiming to encourage such investments. Our approach leverages time-series Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CT-GANs) for data augmentation and Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Networks (NARNNs) for prediction. The green finance growth predicting model was applied to datasets collected from forty countries across five continents. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test confirmed the non-stationary nature of the data, supporting the use of Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Networks (NARNNs). CT-GANs were then employed to augment the data for improved prediction accuracy. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. NARNNs trained with CT-GAN augmented data achieved superior performance across all regions, with R-squared (R2) values of 98.8%, 96.6%, and 99% for Europe, Asia, and other countries respectively. While the RMSE for Europe, Asia, and other countries are 1.26e+2, 2.16e+2, and 1.16e+2 respectively. Compared to a baseline NARNN model without augmentation, CT-GAN augmentation significantly improved both R2 and RMSE. The R2 values for the Europe, Asia, and other countries models are 96%, 73%, and 97.2%, respectively. The RMSE values for the Europe, Asia, and various countries models are 2.24e+2, 7e+2, and 2.07e+2, respectively. The Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network (NARX-NN) exhibited significantly lower performance across Europe, Asia, and other countries with R2 values of 74%, 52%, and 86%, and RMSE values of 1.11e+2, 3.63e+2, and 1.8e+2, respectively.
Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum TSF331, Lactobacillus reuteri TSR332, and Lactobacillus plantarum TSP05 improved liver function and uric acid management-A pilot study
Authors: Lin Jia-Hung , Lin Chi-Huei , Kuo Yi-Wei , Liao Chorng-An , Chen Jui-Fen , Tsai Shin-Yu , Li Ching-Min , Hsu Yu-Chieh , Huang Yen-Yu , Hsia Ko-Chiang , Yeh Yao-Tsung , Ho Hsieh-Hsun
Published: July 2024

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is predominantly associated with metabolic disturbances representing aberrant liver function and increased uric acid (UA) levels. Growing evidences have suggested a close relationship between metabolic disturbances and the gut microbiota. A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial was therefore conducted to explore the impacts of daily supplements with various combinations of the probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum TSF331, Lactobacillus reuteri TSR332, and Lactobacillus plantarum TSP05 with a focus on liver function and serum UA levels. Test subjects with abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and UA were recruited and randomly allocated into six groups. Eighty-two participants successfully completed the 60-day intervention without any dropouts or occurrence of adverse events. The serum AST, ALT, and UA levels were significantly reduced in all treatment groups (P < 0.05). The fecal microbiota analysis revealed the intervention led to an increase in the population of commensal bacteria and a decrease in pathobiont bacteria, especially Bilophila wadsworthia. The in vitro study indicated the probiotic treatments reduced lipid accumulation and inflammatory factor expressions in HepG2 cells, and also promoted UA excretion in Caco-2 cells. The supplementation of multi-strain probiotics (TSF331, TSR332, and TSP05) together can improve liver function and UA management and may have good potential in treating asymptomatic MAFLD.

Trial registration. The trial was registered in the US Library of Medicine (clinicaltrials.gov) with the number NCT06183801 on December 28, 2023.
Sustainable sojourns: Fostering sustainable hospitality practices to meet UN-SDGs
Authors: He Jing , Zaman Umer
Published: July 2024

This research discusses the significance of environmental transformational leadership (ENTL) in the creation of energy-saving sustainable behaviors (EESB) among employees in the tourism and hospitality sector of China. The method is consequently a quantitative analysis, where the mediating effect of green intrinsic motivation (GNIM) and green passion (GRP), and the moderating role of green altruism (GNA) are examined to understand their influence on the relationship between ENTL and EESB. The data were gathered from multiple hotels in major Chinese cities, with the use of a structured questionnaire. The study shows that ENTL has significant effect on EESB, with GNIM and GRP serving as mediating factors. In addition, GNA was shown to have been able to boost the effects that ENTL has on these mediators. The findings are indicative of the vital role of leadership in promoting responsible practices within the tourism and hospitality sector, and towards the attainment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This research not only fills the gaps in the existing literature that primarily focuses on developed economies but also provides policy makers and business leaders with practical solutions for enhancing the sustainability in emerging economies.
Adaptive control for circulating cooling water system using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Xu Jin , Li Han , Zhang Qingxin
Published: July 2024

Due to the complex internal working process of circulating cooling water systems, most traditional control methods struggle to achieve stable and precise control. Therefore, this paper presents a novel adaptive control structure for the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm, which is based on a reference trajectory model (TD3-RTM). The structure is based on the Markov decision process of the recirculating cooling water system. Initially, the TD3 algorithm is employed to construct a deep reinforcement learning agent. Subsequently, a state space is selected, and a dense reward function is designed, considering the multivariable characteristics of the recirculating cooling water system. The agent updates its network based on different reward values obtained through interactions with the system, thereby gradually aligning the action values with the optimal policy. The TD3-RTM method introduces a reference trajectory model to accelerate the convergence speed of the agent and reduce oscillations and instability in the control system. Subsequently, simulation experiments were conducted in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that compared to PID, fuzzy PID, DDPG and TD3, the TD3-RTM method improved the transient time in the flow loop by 6.09s, 5.29s, 0.57s, and 0.77s, respectively, and the Integral of Absolute Error(IAE) indexes decreased by 710.54, 335.1, 135.97, and 89.96, respectively, and the transient time in the temperature loop improved by 25.84s, 13.65s, 15.05s, and 0.81s, and the IAE metrics were reduced by 143.9, 59.13, 31.79, and 1.77, respectively. In addition, the overshooting of the TD3-RTM method in the flow loop was reduced by 17.64, 7.79, and 1.29 per cent, respectively, in comparison with the PID, the fuzzy PID, and the TD3.
Regenerative anemia identification in cats: Red blood cell indices or morphology, what to use?
Authors: da Silva Teixeira Fernandes Ana Catarina , da Silva Daniela Maria Carneiro , Queiroga Felisbina Luísa , Silvestre-Ferreira Ana C.
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim: Anemia, a clinical condition characterized by reduced erythrocytes, is often observed in cats. Regeneration indicates that the bone marrow can respond appropriately to anemia. The absolute reticulocyte count is the reference for differentiating regenerative and non-regenerative anemia, while red blood cell (RBC) indices and morphology provide supplementary information. This study aimed to identify anemia types and establish the most reliable RBC indices and morphology methods in agreement with the reference method.

Materials and Methods: One hundred forty-five cases of cat anemia were prospectively classified using two methods: RBC indices and RBC morphology, and subsequently compared with the absolute reticulocyte count.

Results: Based on RBC indices assessment, 27 cases (19%) exhibited regenerative anemia. Based on RBC morphology, 29 (20%) cases were identified as having regenerative anemia. Using the reticulocyte absolute count as a reference method, 34 (23.4%) cases of regenerative anemia were identified. The findings indicated that RBC indices and RBC morphology did not align in evaluating medullary regeneration and that there is a good degree of agreement between RBC morphology assessment and the reticulocyte absolute count in identifying regenerative anemias.

Conclusion: Blood smear analysis of RBC morphology was more dependable for classifying regenerative anemia than RBC indices. Further studies should be conducted with a larger number of animals and that allow the identification of the cause of anemia and the monitoring of the animal.

Keywords: anemia, cats, red blood cell indices, red blood cell morphology, reticulocyte.
การใช้ประโยชน์จากพื้นที่การเรียนรู้สร้างสรรค์ของห้องสมุดโรงเรียน
Authors: ปั้นตระกูล สายสุดา ,   มหาวิทยาลัยสวนดุสิต
Published: July 2024

พื้นที่การเรียนรู้สร้างสรรค์ในห้องสมุดโรงเรียนเป็นแหล่งเรียนรู้ที่สามารถบูรณาการเข้ากับหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนในหลากหลายสาขาวิชา โดยห้องสมุดเป็นศูนย์กลางในการพัฒนาทักษะการเรียนรู้ของผู้เรียน ผ่านการอ่านอันเป็นรากฐานในการเรียนรู้และการพัฒนาทักษะอื่น ๆ เช่น ทักษะการรู้สารสนเทศ ทักษะการรู้เท่าทันสื่อ การคิดวิเคราะห์การแก้ปัญหาและการคิดริเริ่มสร้างสรรค์ โดยธรรมชาติแล้วพื้นที่เรียนรู้สร้างสรรค์แต่ละแห่งมีความแตกต่างกัน ทั้งนี้ขึ้นอยู่กับความพร้อมของห้องสมุด ความต้องการและพฤติกรรมของผู้ใช้ การใช้พื้นที่เรียนรู้สร้างสรรค์ของห้องสมุด สามารถปรับเปลี่ยนพื้นที่เพื่อส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้ที่ใช้งานมากขึ้น การมีส่วนร่วมของนักสารสนเทศที่ช่วยขับเคลื่อนการเรียนรู้ การแลกเปลี่ยนรู้ที่หลากหลาย รวมถึงการใช้อุปกรณ์การสื่อสารที่ทันสมัยจะทำให้ผู้เรียนทุกคนสามารถมีห้องสมุดอยู่ในมือ บทบาทของห้องสมุดกายภาพจึงมีความสำคัญเพิ่มมากขึ้นมิใช่เป็นเพียงสถานที่สำหรับจัดเก็บทรัพยากรสารสนเทศ แต่เป็นพื้นที่สร้างความหมายให้กับข้อมูลแก่ผู้ใช้บริการอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
การศึกษาการเพิ่มความชื้นในตู้แช่ด้วยชุดพ่นหมอก
Authors: แสงวิรุณ ปรีดี ,   มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าพระนครเหนือ
Published: July 2024

ตู้แช่แต่ละประเภทมีการออกแบบการควบคุมอุณหภูมิและความชื้นแตกต่างกัน การนำตู้แช่เครื่องดื่มมาปรับปรุงให้สามารถแช่ผักหรือดอกไม้ จำเป็นต้องเพิ่มความชื้นภายในตู้แช่ให้เหมาะสม งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อนำเสนอการเปรียบเทียบวิธีเพิ่มความชื้นภายในตู้แช่ด้วยชุดพ่นหมอกอัลตราโซนิคและหัวพ่นหมอกแรงดันสูง โดยนำตู้แช่เครื่องดื่มแบบ 1 ประตู มาปรับปรุงติดตั้งชุดพ่นหมอกอัลตราโซนิคแบบ 3 หัว และติดชุดพ่นหมอกแรงดันสูง 1 หัว ใช้เครื่องตั้งเวลาควบคุมการพ่นหมอกในแต่ละครั้ง บันทึกค่าอุณหภูมิ ความชื้นสัมพัทธ์ และ การใช้พลังงานไฟฟ้าทุกๆ 5 นาที เป็นเวลา 12 ชั่วโมงต่อวัน จากการทดลองพบว่า ที่ช่วงอุณหภูมิ 4-5 ํC หัวพ่นหมอกแรงดันสูง สามารถเพิ่มความชื้นสัมพัทธ์ภายใน ตู้แช่ได้ 60-70 %RH ใกล้เคียงกับชุดพ่นหมอกอัลตราโซนิคซึ่งเพิ่มความชื้นสัมพัทธ์ได้ 60-75%RH โดยหัวพ่นหมอกแรงดันสูงใช้พลังงานไฟฟ้าต่ำกว่าชุดพ่นหมอกอัลตราโซนิค 11 % การเพิ่มความชื้นภายในตู้แช่ให้สูงขึ้นเหมาะสำหรับเก็บรักษาผักใบเขียวซึ่งอ่อนไหวกับการสูญเสียความชุ่มชื้นและสามารถประยุกต์ใช้เก็บรักษาดอกไม้ได้อีกด้วย
Papilas interdentais e estética do sorriso: um enfoque ortodôntico e periodontal
Authors: Seixas Máyra Reis , Câmara Carlos Alexandre , Lobo Maristela
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A atenção voltada para a estética gengival, incluindo exposição e contorno gengival, tem melhorado significativamente os resultados estéticos ortodônticos. Nesse contexto, o papel das papilas gengivais e os fatores que influenciam sua presença e aparência precisam ser cuidadosamente avaliados e compreendidos. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as alterações nas papilas gengivais e explorar suas soluções potenciais, tanto do ponto de vista periodontal quanto ortodôntico. Além disso, busca-se compreender as repercussões do desgaste interproximal na aparência dessas estruturas.
Expansão maxilar ortopédica em adultos. Parte 3: efeitos e estabilidade
Authors: Romano Fábio Lourenço , Gurgel Julio de Araujo , Marques Fernanda Vicioni , Pinzan-Vercelino Célia Regina Maio
Published: July 2024

Introdução: Uma avaliação prévia e o domínio da técnica são fundamentais para o sucesso da expansão maxilar ortopédica em adultos (EMOA). Além disso, os efeitos e a estabilidade pós-tratamento são cruciais para alcançar uma oclusão adequada. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os principais efeitos dentários, esqueléticos e faciais das técnicas MARPE (Miniscrew-assisted Rapid Palatal Expander) e SARPE (Surgically-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion). Métodos: Serão abordados detalhadamente os efeitos dessas técnicas e o estado atual da arte na estabilidade pós-tratamento, amplamente utilizadas na Ortodontia e Cirurgia. Resultados: Em geral, tanto a MARPE quanto a SARPE promovem uma expansão maxilar satisfatória, com algum grau de inclinação dentária e leve aumento no terço médio da face. Conclusão: A excelência do tratamento ortodôntico reside nos detalhes, e a escolha entre MARPE e SARPE deve ser cuidadosamente ponderada pelo clínico, especialmente ao considerar a EMOA.
Ancoragem esquelética com miniplacas no preparo ortodôntico-cirúrgico da Classe III esquelética: relato de caso
Authors: Sousa Raniere Luiz dos Santos , Sousa Claudine Maria de Araújo Revoredo , Oliveira Filho Ruy Véras de , Costa Evaldo Henrique Pessoa da
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A discrepância maxilomandibular de Classe III possui uma etiologia multifatorial, caracterizada pelo prognatismo mandibular e/ou retrognatismo maxilar. Esta condição resulta em alterações esqueléticas e dentárias que afetam aspectos comportamentais e funcionais. Pode ser tratada de forma compensatória ou com preparo ortodôntico para cirurgia ortognática. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o diagnóstico 3D e a mecânica com ancoragem ampliada utilizando miniplacas no tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico de uma discrepância esquelética de Classe III com laterognatismo mandibular em uma paciente adulta. Relato de caso: A abordagem ortodôntica e cirúrgica foi determinada com base na queixa principal da paciente relacionada à estética facial e no diagnóstico fundamentado em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). A mecânica ortodôntica incluiu o uso de duas miniplacas na maxila para ancoragem. Resultados: O tratamento permitiu a correção da discrepância esquelética, resultando em estabilidade oclusal, harmonia facial e satisfação da paciente. Conclusões: A TCFC, aliada à queixa principal da paciente, desempenhou um papel crucial na precisão do diagnóstico e no planejamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico. A utilização de ancoragem ampliada com miniplacas no preparo ortodôntico para cirurgia ortognática representa um avanço significativo na integração entre Ortodontia e Cirurgia.
CRITIQUING DELEGATED LEGISLATION ON PREVENTING SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Budhiartie Arrie , Pradhan David , Devi Arti
Published: July 2024

Sexual harassment of women in the workplace is a serious issue in India, affecting all social and professional sectors, including elite higher education institutions. This problem violates women's fundamental rights to equality and livelihood, breaches professional ethics, and hampers the productivity and potential of many academics. Although the Indian Parliament enacted a comprehensive law in 2013 to address sexual harassment at workplaces, the implementation, especially in educational institutions, is flawed due to bureaucratic inefficiencies. There is a lack of unbiased analysis on how delegated regulations by administrative authorities undermine the law's intent. This research article conducts a legal analysis of the law's implementation in higher educational institutions, using doctrinal research methodology. It identifies subjective and ultra vires provisions introduced by ideologically driven bureaucrats that compromise the law's validity and effectiveness. The study highlights deviations in delegated legislation from the original law and suggests corrective measures to address significant flaws in the regulations framed by the University Grants Commission.
ADAT NATIONAL PARK AS LEGAL POLITICS OF LIVING SPACE OF ANAK DALAM TRIBE
Authors: Erwin Muhamad , Yusriyadi Yusriyadi
Published: July 2024

The Anak Dalam Tribe in Bukit Dua Belas National Park faces significant challenges due to conflicting paradigms between state control over national parks and customary land rights which sacrifice the interest of Anak Dalam Tribe. This study underscores the urgent need for a shift in the conservation legal paradigm to safeguard the tribe's living space. Employing a non-doctrinal research method, it examines law as a social reality within the tribe's habitat. The findings advocate for a new conservation model termed "Adat National Park." This model integrates traditional, environmentally friendly practices in collaboration with the National Park Authority. Such an approach aims to harmonize state conservation efforts with indigenous land rights, ensuring the tribe's active participation in management and the preservation of their cultural and ecological heritage. By adopting this model, it is possible to create a balanced and sustainable conservation strategy that respects both state interests and the rights as well as traditions of the Anak Dalam Tribe.
A novel GNAS mutation in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a with articular flexion deformity: A case report
Authors: Wan Jinxing , He Dongjuan , Xie Jun , Chen Zhizhi
Published: July 2024

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1a (PHP 1a) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by target organ resistance to hormonal signaling and the Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) phenotype, which features round facial features, short fingers, subcutaneous calcifications, short stature, obesity, and intellectual disability. Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is another rare disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification (HO) that progressively affects skin, subcutaneous tissues, and deep skeletal muscle. PHP 1a is inherited maternally due to a GNAS mutation, while pure POH is inherited paternally. This case study presented a Chinese boy with congenital hypothyroidism, tonic-clonic seizures, hypoparathyroidism, AHO, POH, and joint fixation deformity. Sequencing analysis of GNAS-Gsα revealed a heterozygous C.432+2T>C(P.?) variant (NM_000516.7) affecting the canonical splice donor site of intron 5 in the boy and his mother, indicating maternal inheritance of a GNAS mutation. The patient was diagnosed with POH overlap syndrome (POH/PHP 1a). Following calcium and calcitriol supplementation, he experienced a reduction in seizures, and surgery was performed to correct the joint fixation deformity caused by HO. This case report provided valuable insights into the genotype-phenotype correlations of POH overlap syndrome and underscored the significance of genetic testing in diagnosing rare diseases.
‚Götter-Ideen‘ für Königin Elisabeth Christine. Rätsel um ein Sankt Petersburger Rarissimum
Authors: Schabalina Tatjana , Scheitler Irmgard
Published: July 2024

Der Artikel befasst sich mit einem Fund in der Russischen Nationalbibliothek Sankt Petersburg, der viele Rätsel aufgibt. Es handelt sich nicht nur um ein Rarissimum, sondern um einen sonst nirgendwo bezeugten Druck: ein höchst ungewöhnliches Phänomen. Als Autor des Büchleins, das sich als Schauspiel mit Chören gibt, lässt sich Heinrich Wilhelm Seyfried feststellen, als terminus post quem des Erscheinens der 13. Januar 1797, der Todestag der Königin Elisabeth Christine, Witwe Friedrichs II. Der Text ehrt eine Frau, die zu ihrer Zeit kaum hervortreten konnte und um die es auch auffallend still blieb, als sie starb. Wurde die Veröffentlichung unterdrückt und lassen sich Gründe dafür im Text und/oder in den Zeitumständen finden? Wie der Druck nach Russland gelangte, lässt sich nicht herausfinden, aber sein Überleben dort und sein eigenartiger Textbefund sind bemerkenswert für das Preußen um 1800.
Kaiser Wilhelm I. und die Hohenzollernmonarchie
Authors: Markert Jan
Published: July 2024

Wie neueste Studien zur Biografie Wilhelms I. belegen, muss die preußisch-deutsche Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts in großen Teilen revidiert werden. Unter Verwendung des umfangreichen archivalischen Nachlasses des ersten Deutschen Kaisers bettet dieser Forschungsbericht dessen Leben in einen europäischen Vergleichskontext ein und gibt neue Antworten auf die Frage, welchen Einfluss er als Thronfolger und Herrscher am Berliner Hof zwischen Vormärz und Reichsgründung ausübte. In Wilhelm I. spiegelt sich die ambivalente Multifunktionalität der Monarchie als institutioneller Motor aber auch als Hemmfaktor der politischen Modernisierung wider. Vor 1848 trug er maßgeblich dazu bei, das preußische Königtum in die Revolutionskrise zu stürzen. Im Nachmärz forcierte er die Nationalisierung von Thron und Staat, und führte Preußen auf den Weg ins deutsche Kaiserreich. Letztendlich muss Wilhelm I. die politische Direktive der Reichsgründung zugeschrieben werden – nicht Otto von Bismarck.