bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonphosphorylatable Src Ser75 Mutation Increases Ethanol Preference and Consumption in Mice
Authors: Kato Goro
Published: March 2019

Src is highly expressed in CNS neurons and contributes not only to developmental proliferation and differentiation but also to high-order brain functions, such as those contributing to alcohol consumption. Src knock-out mice exhibit no CNS abnormalities, presumably due to compensation by other Src family kinases (SFKs), but have a shortened lifespan and osteopetrosis-associated defects, impeding investigations of the role of Src on behavior in adult mice. However, the Unique domain of Src differs from those in other SFKs and is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and Cdk5 at Ser75, which influences its postmitotic function in neurons. Therefore, ethanol consumption in mice harboring nonphosphorylatable (Ser75Ala) or phosphomimetic (Ser75Asp) Src mutants was investigated. Mice harboring the Ser75Ala Src mutant, but not the Ser75Asp mutant, had a higher preference for and consumption of solutions containing 5% and 10% ethanol than wild-type mice. However, plasma ethanol concentrations and sensitivities to the sedative effects of ethanol were not different among the groups. In mice harboring the Ser75Ala Src mutant, the activity of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in the striatum was significantly lower and Akt Ser473 phosphorylation was significantly higher than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that Src regulates voluntary ethanol drinking in a manner that depends on Ser75 phosphorylation.
Stress echocardiography in coronary artery disease: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Steeds Richard P. , Wheeler Richard , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Reiken Joseph , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Senior Roxy , Monaghan Mark J. , Sharma Vishal
Published: March 2019

Stress echocardiography is an established technique for assessing coronary artery disease. It has primarily been used for the diagnosis and assessment of patients presenting with chest pain in whom there is an intermediate probability of coronary artery disease. In addition, it is used for risk stratification and to guide revascularisation in patients with known ischaemic heart disease. Although cardiac computed tomography has recently been recommended in the United Kingdom as the first-line investigation in patients presenting for the first time with atypical or typical angina, stress echocardiography continues to have an important role in the assessment of patients with lesions of uncertain functional significance and patients with known ischaemic heart disease who represent with chest pain. In this guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography, the indications and recommended protocols are outlined for the assessment of ischaemic heart disease by stress echocardiography.
Therapeutic vascular growth in the heart
Authors: Brakenhielm Ebba , Richard Vincent
Published: March 2019

Despite tremendous efforts in preclinical research over the last decades, the clinical translation of therapeutic angiogenesis to grow stable and functional blood vessels in patients with ischemic diseases continues to prove challenging. In this mini review, we briefly present the current main approaches applied to improve pro-angiogenic therapies. Specific examples from research on therapeutic cardiac angiogenesis and arteriogenesis will be discussed, and finally some suggestions for future therapeutic developments will be presented.
Evaluación de la amenaza de contaminación al agua subterránea y áreas de protección a manantiales en las subcuencas Maravilla-Chiz y Quebrada Honda, Cartago, Costa Rica
Authors: Fonseca-Sánchez Alicia , Madrigal-Solís Helga , Núñez-Solís Christian , Calderón-Sánchez Hazel , Moraga-López Geannina , Gómez-Cruz Alicia
Published: March 2019

Las subcuencas del río Maravilla-Chiz y Quebrada Honda, localizadas en la región oriental del área metropolitana de Costa Rica, tienen una superficie aproximada de 46,8 km2, donde la principal actividad económica es la producción tanto agrícola como pecuaria y su población se abastece de fuentes de agua subterránea. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la amenaza de contaminación del agua subterránea, mediante la evaluación del estado de las áreas de protección en manantiales de abastecimiento público. Para eso, se tomaron en cuenta las fuentes potenciales de contaminación puntuales, lineales y difusas, así como se clasificaron, según la metodología POSH, por sus siglas en inglés (Pollutant Origin Surcharge Hydraulically). El área protegida correspondió a un radio de 200 m alrededor de las nacientes (Ley 276, Costa Rica). Los resultados identificaron que un 7 % del área presentó fuentes difusas con un potencial generador de carga contaminante elevado, debido a las grandes cantidades de plaguicidas aplicados en hortalizas y verduras, mientras que un 55 % presentó un potencial moderado, en parcelas de caña, café y ocupación urbana carente de alcantarillado sanitario. De las fuentes puntuales encontradas, la mitad se clasificó con potencial elevado y 46 % con moderado. De los 252 km lineales, correspondientes a ríos, red vial y poliducto, 89 % fue de potencial moderado, 10 % elevado y 1 % reducido. Finalmente, se constató la invasión de fuentes lineales y difusas en las áreas de protección de los manantiales; por ello, al gobierno local se le recomienda establecer un procedimiento legal para atender el problema.
CREATION OF PROFESSIONAL MINING SUPERVISION IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: Neklyudov Evgeny G.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Mining supervision is an important part of the supervisory function of the state. It is designed to protect the country’s mineral resources of national importance from plundering or predatory development, and workers from dangerous working conditions, but at the same time should not hinder rational business activities. An important milestone in the development of mining supervision in Russia was the 1860s, when major transformations began in the country, affecting the organizational basis of the mining industry. In historiography the preparation of mining reform has not been subjected to special research. In this situation, the purpose of the article becomes the analysis of the proposed in the 1860s projects of reforming mining supervision in Russia and determining their importance for the development of supervision in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. Materials and Methods. The study is based on legislative acts, record keeping documentation of the Commission for the Revision of the Mining Regulations and the Commission for revising the system of taxes and fees, as well as reference publications of the Mining Department and materials of the sectoral periodicals. Historical genetic and comparative methods of scientific analysis are used. Results and Discussion. During the preparation of mining reform in the 1860s two alternatives were proposed for the organization of mining supervision in the Russian Empire. One of them suggested the creation of an institute of district engineers who were part of a specialized mining management system, while the other, together with this system, also abolished mining supervision, transferring its functions to other institutions. In practice the first version of the reform, proposed by the Mining Commission, was implemented. At the initial stage of the formation of the new mining supervision since 1865, it was combined with the pre-reform institutions represented by factory guardians. At the second stage, from 1886, the institute of district engineers completely replaced the former forms of supervision and covered the entire territory of the Russian Empire, which was divided into 11 mining regions. Conclusion. In the second half of the XIX – early XX century а new system of mining administration was created, covering the entire territory of the Russian Empire. The most important function of this department was the supervision of private enterprises, which was organized in accordance with the project, developed during the preparation of the Great Reforms of the reign of Alexander II.
Effect of conservation agriculture on grain yield and income of maize under maize based cropping system in far western Nepal
Authors: Prasai H.K. , Sah S.K. , Gautam A.K. , Regmi A.P.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The adoption of Conservation agriculture (CA) contributes to sustainable production and its advantages include lower inputs and stable yields. This study was conducted in the research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bhagetada, Dipayal, Doti during 2014 and 2015 to identify the effect of CA on grain yield and income of maize in Maize based cropping system. Both conservation and conventional agricultural (ConvA) practices were evaluated on two maize based cropping systems namely maize-wheat-mungbean (M-W-MB) and maize-lentil-mungbean (M-L-MB). For this purpose two maize varieties namely Raj Kumar and Arun-2 were used. The average productivity of maize under M-L-MB cropping system was 1.6% higher (5.75 t/ha) than M-W-MB cropping system (5.66 t/ha). The average grain yield of maize under CA was 16.7% higher (6.15 t/ha) than ConvA (5.27 t/ha). Rajkumar produced 43% higher average grain yield (6.73 t/ha) than Arun-2 variety (4.69 t/ha). The average net benefit was slightly higher (US$ 597.33/ha) under M-L-MB cropping system than M-W-MB cropping system (US$ 573.89/ha). Similarly, the average net benefit from CA was 102% higher (US$ 783.67/ha) than ConvA (US$ 386.79/ha). Rajkumar variety gave 127% higher average net benefit (US$ 813.49/ha) than Arun-2 (US$ 357.81/ha). The average benefit - cost (B:C) ratio of M-L-MB cropping system was slightly higher (1.72) than the average B:C ratio of M-W-MB cropping system (1.70). The average B:C ratio of CA was 42% higher (2.01) than ConvA (1.41). The average B:C ratio of Rajkumar variety was found 33% higher (1.95) than Arun-2 (1.46). The higher grain yield, net profit and B:C ratio were found in CA practices under M-L-MB cropping system and Rajkumar variety. This study suggests that hybrid maize planting and the adoption of M-L-MB cropping system should be used to increase grain yield and economic performance under CA practices.
Influence of foliar feeding of common wheat varieties on the nutritional value of the grain
Authors: Stoyanova A. , Ganchev G. , Kuneva V.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Two years of polls from the field trials of the Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria were used for the purpose of the survey. In the period 2015-2016, two varieties of common wheat (Apolon and Bolonga), treated by leaf liquid fertilizers, imported alone and in combinations were tested under field conditions. Main fertilization with ammonium nitrate was done. The variants of the experiments were as follows: 1) Without fertilization (Control); 2) Ammonium nitrate (N140); 3) Lactifrost – l0.0 L/ha; 4) Lactifros + Lactofol base – 10.0 L/ha + 5.0 L/ha; 5) Lactofol base – 5.0 L/ha; 6) Wuxal Grano – 4.0 L/ha; 7) Wuxal Grano – 4.0 L/ha + 2.0 L/ha. It was found that crude protein content ranged from 136.90 to 144.63g/kg DM in the Apolon variety and from 129.98 to 145.12 g/kg DM in the Bologna variety. An increase in SP content was seen as a result of feeding with Lactifrost and Lactofol base, respectively, by 5.6% and 11.7% relative to the control. Treatment of common wheat with liquid leaf fertilizers, however, does not lead to improvements in energy (metabolizable energy, digestible energy, feed unit for milk, feed unit for growth) and protein digestible in (small) intestine nutrition. In both varieties there were many positive and negative correlations between the investigated parameters: CP, CFAT, CF, DEE, FUM, FUG, PDI, Dep, MEp, DEpg and MEpg; in ruminants the same positive correlations for both varieties are between CP and PDI (p<0.01) and negative - between CP and FUM (p<0.05), and between CFAT and PDI (p<0.05); in nonruminants negative correlations exist between CF and the energy values (DEp, MEp, DEpg and MEpg) only in Apolon variety.
Effects of nitrogen doses on growth and some nutrient element uptake of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) hybrids
Authors: Oren G. , Celik H.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is known as one of the most important and preferred vegetable oil producing plants. In recent years, new cultivars with high oleic acid contents have been developed because of their health effects, extended frying and shelf life. On the other hand, nutrition of the plants is important for healthy growth, high yield, and oil quality and their nutrient needs may differ between the plant species and varieties. We aimed to determine the effects of increasing application doses of nitrogen (N) (0, 16, 32, 48, and 64 mg.kg-1 N) on growth and on some nutrient element uptake of four sunflower hybrids and compare the nutritional differences of linoleic (ESNovamis CL, and LG 5542 CL) and high-oleic (Oliva CL and ESGrafic CL) type sunflower hybrids in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in randomized factorial design with three replicates. Increasing doses of N effected the dry matter and nutrient uptake of sunflower hybrids significantly (p<0.01). Increasing doses of N elevated the dry weight, N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) uptake of all tested sunflower hybrids. The increases were found maximum at 32 mg.kg-1 N dose. Significant differences were also established between the hybrids. Among the tested hybrids, ESGrafic CL a high oleic type sunflower has higher nutrient uptake capacity so much more nutrients might be supplied to this new generation sunflower hybrids according to the soil and plant analysis results.
Antioxidant properties and phytochemicals of three brown macro algae from the Dardanelles (Çanakkale) Strait
Authors: Ilknur A.K. , Turker G.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This study was conducted to determine antioxidant properties and phytochemicals of brown algae Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link, Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, and Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy, collected from the Dardanelles (Çanakkale) Strait, Turkey, in February 2018. The antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, condensed tannins, and total content of phenolics and flavonoids in ethanol extracts were quantified. P. pavonica showed the highest antioxidant potential as well as the maximum content of phenolics and carotenoids. The total flavonoid contents changed from 1375.43±2.37 µg/g Ext. (C. barbata) to 2250.92±46.60 µg/g Ext. (S. lomentaria). The highest condensed tannins were found in C. barbata. According to results obtained, C. barbata, S. lomentaria and P. pavonica possess antioxidant activity and could be used in the food and feed industries.
Proximate composition, lipid quality and heavy metals content in the muscle of two carp species
Authors: Merdzhanova A. , Panayotova V. , Dobreva D.A. , Peycheva K.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The aim of the presented study was to characterize the quality of edible tissue of freshwater common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), based on their proximate and lipid composition (lipid classes, fatty acid profile, fat soluble vitamins, carotenoids and cholesterol). Health risk assessment was evaluated based on the analysis of some toxic elements (As, Cd, Ni, Pb and total Hg). Proximate composition (moisture, crude protein and total lipid) was determined using standard procedures. Lipids were subsequently separated into neutral (NL) and polar lipids: Phospho- (PL) and Glycolipids (GL) by means of column and thin-layer chromatography. Lipid classes were derivatized into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) which were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Vitamins A, D3 and E, beta-carotene, astaxanthin and cholesterol were analysed simultaneously using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg and Ni) were determined by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) following a microwave digestion procedure. Protein content was higher in bighead carp (18.5%) and lower for common carp (15.5%), whereas lipid content showed opposite trend. Similarities in lipid classes distribution were observed for both species: NL>GL>PL. Neutral lipids constituted approximately 70% of TL in both species, as FAs profile was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), whereas polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) prevailed in polar fractions. Omega-3 PUFAs were higher in all lipid classes compared to omega-6 PUFAs. Cholesterol content was low (17-24 mg.100-1g ww). Astaxanthin was detected only in bighead carp, whereas beta-carotene, vitamin D3 and vitamin A showed similar concentrations in both samples. Vitamin E content was higher in bighead carp (10.4 mg.100 g-1 w.w.). Trace elements content was higher in bighead carp showing a maximum value of As (0.312 mg.kg-1 w.w). All determined toxic elements were found below the recommended value in carp muscle. The results of the present study confirmed the high quality and safety of common carp and bighead carp meat. These freshwater species are valuable sources of essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamin D3 and long chain omega-3 PUFAs. Together with the nutrients, the information for low concentrations of toxic elements makes them valuable components of a healthy human diet.
Quantity and quality of wool yolk in Caucasian Merino rams
Authors: Pamukova D. , Staykova G. , Stancheva N.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the quality and quantity of the wool yolk of the rams from Caucasian merino breed in order to improve their technological features. The analyses included seven rams and eleven rams at the age of 18 months. Thirty-six individual wool samples from two parts of the body (side and thigh) were studied. The following wool parameters were investigated: percentage of the dirty areas of the wool (on the side and the thigh), fat amount, sweat amount, pH of sweat, laboratory wool yield, and color of greasy wool on the side. Percentage of the dirty areas of the wool by categories and topographic ranges varied from 30.79% to 41.52%, indicating that the wool yolk of Caucasian rams was of sufficient quantity and good quality. The percentage of the fats in wool yolk to the greasy wool was relatively high (23.25% in the rams at the age of 18 months and 25% in the rams) and had a negative impact on the wool yield. The ratio of fat/sweat was 1.91:1 in rams and 1.44:1 in rams at the age of 18 months). The higher relative part of the fat compared to the sweat was an indicator of good protective properties of the wool yolk. That allowed to protect the technological properties of the wool.
Lichens from the Zemplínske vrchy Mts and Physcia leptalea new to Slovakia
Authors: Goga M. , Dudáš M.
Published: March 2019

We present the results of lichenological survey in the area of Zemplínske vrchy Mts in this paper. The study area is underexplored regarding lichens and there are not many published resources on lichens. In total thirty-five localities were investigated and 68 lichen species were identified. Fifteen species of them are evaluated in the Red list of lichens of Slovakia. From interesting findings, Cladonia crispata, Graphis scripta, Lecanora conizaeoides and Flavoparmelia caperata are discussed here. Physcia leptalea is reported for the first time for the area of Slovakia.
New and rare lichens for Russia and the Caucasus from high mountainous Dagestan (East Caucasus)
Authors: Ismailov A. B. , Urbanavichus G. P.
Published: March 2019

Five species of lichenized ascomycetes are reported from high mountainous Dagestan. Acarospora laqueata, Lecania ochronigra and Protoparmelia placentiformis are new to Russia and the Caucasus (the last two). Anamylopsora pulcherrima is the first record of the genus and species for the North Caucasus. Buellia centralis is the first record for the Caucasus and second for Russia. Our records considerably extended information about geography and ecology of presented species especially the very rare species Buellia centralis, Lecania ochronigra and Protoparmelia placentiformis. The characteristic features of specimens with information of their morphology, anatomy, ecology and world distribution are given.
New data on lichenicolous fungi of the Teteriv River Basin (Ukraine)
Authors: Kapets N. V. , Kondratyuk S. Y.
Published: March 2019

The data on 31 species of lichenicolous fungi (Abrothallus caerulescens, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Athelia arachnoidea, Cercidospora macrospora, Clypeococcum hypocenomycis, Cornutispora lichenicola, Erythricium aurantiacum, Heterocephalacria physciacearum, Intralichen christiansenii, Lichenochora obscuroides, Lichenoconium erodens, L. lecanorae, L. usneae, Lichenodiplis lecanorae, Lichenostigma cosmopolites, Lichenothelia convexa, L. scopularia, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Monodictys epilepraria, Muellerella pygmaea, M. erratica, Pronectria leptaleae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Sclerococcum sphaerale, Sphaerellothecium propinquellum, Stigmidium fuscatae, S. squamariae, S. xanthoparmeliarum, Taeniolella phaeophysciae, T. punctata, Xanthoriicola physciae) new to the Teteriv River Basin are provided. Further five species (Cercidospora crozalsiana, Lichenostigma epipolina, Lichenothelia tenuissima, Polysporina subfuscescens and Taeniolella beschiana) are new to Ukraine. Additional localities for all newly reported species are listed.
Regulation of Wnt signaling by physical exercise in the cell biological processes of the locomotor system
Authors: Hu S , Yang L , Wu C , Liu TC-Y
Published: March 2019

In the past decade, researches on Wnt signaling in cell biology have made remarkable progress regarding our understanding of embryonic development, bone formation, muscle injury and repair, neurogenesis, and tumorigenesis. The study also showed that physical activity can reverse age-dependent decline in skeletal muscle, preventing osteoporosis, regenerative neurogenesis, hippocampal function, cognitive ability, and neuromuscular junction formation, and the age-dependent recession is highly correlated with Wnt signaling pathways. However, how the biological processes in cell and physical activity during/following exercise affect the Wnt signaling path of the locomotor system is largely unknown. In this study, we first briefly introduce the important features of the cellular biological processes of exercise in the locomotor system. Then, we discuss Wnt signaling and review the very few studies that have examined Wnt signaling pathways in cellular biological processes of the locomotor system during physical exercise.
PANDANGAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG ADAT HITUNGAN DALAM PERKAWINAN DI KECAMATAN CIBADAK KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Authors: Malik Ikbar Maulana
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a custom in Cibadak Sub-District, Sukabumi Regency, that a prospective spouse candidate and the wedding date are determined through a particular date calculation. The community members believe this calculation will give them a good day to carry out the ceremony and the newly wed will have harmonious marriage. This study aimed to describe the custom practice through the perpective of Islamic law. The applied method of this study is descriptive analysis upon with qualitative data, collected through desk study, interviews, and observation. This study shows that most of marriage conducted in the district applied the calculation, since they believe this custom will bring happiness to the couple. This intention is correspond to the aims of marriage based on the the Republic of Indonesia Compilation of Islamic Law 1991 which are to realize a sakinah, mawaddah and warahmah domestic life.This custom is permissible since it is merely part of effort to achieve the marriage goals.Keywords: Marriage, customary law, Islamic lawAbstrakMasyarakat Kelurahan Cibadak Kecamatan Cibadak Kabupaten Sukabumi, memiliki kebiasaan untuk melakukan hitungan tanggal dalam menentukan pasangan dan hari baik untuk menikah. Hal itu dipercaya akan mencapai tujuan dalam perkawinan yakni keharmonisan dalam keluarga. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kebiasaan tersebut dihubungkan dengan perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan jenis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar perkawinan yang dilakukan di kelurahan ini menggunakan adat hitungan sebelum akad perkawinan. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena masyarakat setempat percaya bahwa ia akan mendatangkan kebaikan dalam kehidupan rumah tangga yang akan mereka lalui. Kepercayaan tersebut searah dengan tujuan perkawinan yang diangkat antara lain dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam yaitu untuk mewujudkan kehidupan rumah tangga yang sakinah, mawaddah dan warahmah”. Kebiasaan tersebut dapat diterima mengingat ia hanya sekedar wasilah atau ikhtiar semata.  Kata Kunci:Perkawinan, hukum adat, Hukum Islam
RASIONALISME DALAM TAFSIR AHKAM
Authors: Jaenudin Jaenudin
Published: March 2019

AbstractInterpretation of al-Quran is a human effort to understand the meaning and purpose of God’s words based on their ability level. Various methods of interpretation have been born along with the development of religion and science. The method used in this study is Descriptive-Analysis by describing the method of interpretation. The verses of al-Quran in the field of Law have become a particular study, called as Tafsir Ahkam. In Islamic law, this study broadly branched out into rationalist schools of fiqh (ahl al-Ra'y) and textual Hijaz schools (ahl al-hadis). But these divisions are getting thinner as law development (instibath) requires reasoning gained from qiyas and istihsan or maslahat.  Therefore, the tafsir ahkam method developed with the growth of the school of fiqh, and the emergence of a rational approach in tafsir ahkam is a logical consequence of a dynamic of ijtihad fiqh method development.Keywords: Tafsir, Ahl ra’yi, Fiqh. AbstrakTafsir Al-Quran merupakan upaya manusia untuk memahami makna dan maksud firman Allah sesuai dengan kadar kemampuannya. Berbagai metode Tafsir telah lahir seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu agama dan sains. Ayat-ayat al-Quran di bidang Hukum telah menjadi bidang kajian tafsir tersendiri dan melahirkan tafsir ahkam. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif-Analisis dengan menguraikan tentang metode penafsiran. Di bidang hukum Islam telah berkembang pula mazhab fiqh yang secara garis besar terbagi atas mazhab fiqh irak yang rasionalis (ahl al-Ra’y) dan mazhab Hijaz yang tekstual (ahl al-hadis). Namun ciri tersebut semakin tipis seiring berkembang istinbath hukum yang memerlukan penalaran baik dengan qiyas, istihsan atau maslahat. Karena itu, corak tafsir ahkam berkembang dengan tumbuhnya mazhab fiqh, dan lahirnya pendekatan rasional dalam tafsir ahkam sebagai konsekuensi logis dari pertumuhan metode ijtihad fiqh yang dinamis.Kata Kunci: Tafsir, Ahl ra’yi, Fiqh.
PENGGUNAAN METODE IJTIHAD INTIQA’I DALAM PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF DI KOPERASI KPRI SABILULUNGAN BANDUNG
Authors: Risnandar Cheppy
Published: March 2019

AbstractYusuf al-Qaradawi with his various opinions has placed him as a contemporary fiqh expert, among others in the field of zakat. His opinions include the analogy of various business activities such as bonds and stocks into trade zakat. This paper aims to explain the implementation of the trade zakat at KPRI Sabilulungan, particularly regarding the legal basis used in determining mustahiq, the istinbath method, and how to channel it. The method used in this study is descriptive analytical, which qualitatively examines the opinions of Yusuf al-Qaradawi and observations at KPRI Sabilulungan obtained by observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that KPRI Sabilulungan uses the same legal basis as that used by Yusuf al-Qaradawi with the istinbath intiqa'i / tarjih method, especially in applying the goal of distribution of mustahik. The implementation of zakat distribution is given to amil zakat and then distributed to mustahik.Keywords:Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, zakat trade, mustahik, cooperative AbstrakYusuf al-Qaradhawi dengan berbagai pendapatnya telah menempatkannya sebagai ahli fiqh kontemporer, antara lain di bidang zakat. Pendapatnya antara lain hasil analogi berbagai kegiatan usaha seperti obligasi dan saham ke dalam zakat perdagangan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan pelaksanaan zakat perdagangan tersebut di KPRI Sabilulungan, khususnya mengenai landasan hukum yang digunakan dalam penentuan mustahiq, metrode istinbath, serta cara penyalurannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif analistis, yang secara kualitatif mengkaji pendapat Yusuf al-Qaradhawi dan hasil pengamatan di KPRI Sabilulungan yang didapat dengan cara observasi dan wawancara. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa KPRI Sabilulungan menggunakan dasar hukum yang sama dengan yang digunakan oleh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi dengan metode istinbath intiqa’i/tarjih, khususnya dalam penerapan sasaran pendistribusian mustahik. Adapun pelaksanaan penyaluran zakat diberikan kepada amil zakat untuk kemudian dibagikan kepada para mustahik.Kata Kunci: Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, zakat perdagangan, mustahik, koperasi
Parliamo italiano!
Authors: Morgan Leslie Zarker
Published: March 2019

Parliamo italiano!
1. Parliamo italiano! NOW! An Introductory Italian CD-ROM
2. Parliamo italiano! An Introductory Italian Multimedia CD-ROM
Unification-Based Parsing Applications for Intelligent Foreign Language Tutoring Systems
Authors: Hagen L. Kirk
Published: March 2019

This paper is a description of a computer based intelligent tutoring system for French as a second language, and of its ancillary grammar editor, which is built on an object oriented, unification-based natural language processor. First I review some of the considerations that motivate using intelligent tutoring systems in second language education. Second, I discuss the details of object oriented programming and unification grammar. Third, I give some examples of how this software interacts with students and of what sort of grammatical phenomena it is capable of handling. I will show how the parser straightforwardly handles some thorny problems of complex grammatical structures (e.g. conjunctions; reflexive binding; phrase embedding; dislocated, missing, or superfluous parts of speech) which have had an inhibitory effect on CALL parsing applications in the past.
Cladoceran diversity in Vinh Long province and redescription of the rare species  Grimaldina brazzai  richard, 1892 (macrotricidae, anomopoda, branchiopoda) for zooplankton fauna Vietnam
Authors: Le Nguyet Nga Thi , Phan Dang Doan
Published: March 2019

In a total of four surveys at eight sites in some major rivers in Vinh Long province during 2013 to 2014, 18 species of cladoceran, belonging to 14 genera, 7 families and 2 orders, were recorded. The cladocerans fauna in Vinh Long province is recognized as moderate diverse, and the species recorded were mostly common species. Among 18 species, Grimaldina brazzai Richard, 1892 is a rare species. A total of four females specimens of species G. brazzai were collected at the Co Chien river, but male specimens were absent. The specimens were morphologically identified as G. brazzai described first by Richard (1892), followed by Brook (1959), Idris (1983), Smirnov (1992) and Hollwedel (2003). Grimaldina brazzai is currently the only one species in the genus Grimaldina and has been recorded in several tropical countries, such as Brazil, Thailand, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and Singapore. They occur in lakes and rice fields, but population of this species is very limited in nature. In Vietnam, this species was first recorded in South Vietnam by Shirota (1966), but has not been described since then until recently Sinev & Korovchinsky (2013) recorded this species in the Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai province, South Vietnam.
Genetic variation and outcrossing rate of  Dipterocarpus dyeri  in the Tan Phu tropical rain forest (Dong Nai), Vietnam
Authors: Duc Nguyen Minh , Duy Vu Dinh , Hien Dang Phan , Thanh Tran Thi Viet , Trang Nguyen Thi Phuong , Tam Nguyen Minh
Published: March 2019

Dipterocarpus dyeri (Dipterocarpaceae) is widely distributed in lowland rainforests in southeastern Vietnam. Due to over- exploitation and habitat destruction in the 1980s and 1990s, this species is listed as threatened. Understanding the genetic variation and mating rate among D. dyeri population that occurs in forest patches is necessary to establish effectively conservation strategies for this species. To conserve the species in tropical forests, genetic diversity and mating rate were investigated using eight microsatellites (single sequence repeat, SSR) as markers. All of the eight loci were polymorphic. A total of 36 different alleles were observed across the loci screened. The SSR data indicated high genetic diversity (NA = 4.5; HO = 0.542 and HE = 0.667) and high inbreeding value, FIS= 0,182. The mating system parameters were determined using the mixed mating model and the results indicated high outcrossing rate (tm=0.81 and ts=0.675) and lowselfing rate (0.19). Difference of tm-ts value indicated that inbreeding contributed to selfing rate for this species in the Tan Phu tropical rain forest. The results reflected that D. dyeri habitat in this area has been restored and the number of individuals was high, about 500 individuals. However, seedlings were not found so far in this study. These results indicated the importance of conserving of the genetic resources of Dipterocarpus dyeri species in the Tan Phu rain forest. The conservation strategy should include an establishment of an ex-situ conservation site with new big population for this species from all genetic groups, which might improve its fitness under different environmental stresses.
Expression of the recombinant single chain variable fragments recognizing blood antigen fused with thioredoxin in  Escherichia coli
Authors: Ha Dang Thi Ngoc , Hong Le Thi Thu , Hai Truong Nam
Published: March 2019

The technology of recombinant single chain variable fragments (scFvs) expression has been used in research, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In the previous study, we studied the expression of a recombinant single chain variable fragment recognizing blood A antigen (antiA-scFv) in E. coli. However, the protein was insoluble form resulting in difficulty for purification, refolding and activity assesment. Here, we present the study on fused expression of the recombinant scFv -specific blood A antigen with thioredoxin (Trx) in the expression vector pET32a (+). The results showed that the Trx/antiA-scFv fusion protein was expressed with molecular weight of 49 kDa in a soluble form reaching 40% of the total recombinant protein. This result facilitates the optimal condition of soluble protein expression, purification and bioactivity determination of the antiA-scFv recombinant antibody.
A nutrient method for cutivation of macroalgae  Ulva papenfussii
Authors: Trung Vo Thanh , Huynh Tran Van , Duc Tran Mai , Thinh Phan Duc , San Pham Trung , Hang Nguyen Thanh
Published: March 2019

Macroalgae species of the genus Ulva are widely distributed in the wild. Many species of this genus has been used as food as an attractive material for the study of materials, fuels, food etc.. In this paper, we are focusing on nutrient method for cultivation of Ulva papenfussii and A nutrient source for cultivation of U. papenfussii was also investigated with the perspective of utilizing the produced biomass for feed. U. papenfussii is fragmented into 1 × 1 cm size, then it keep in Ulva extract of 0.1 g/l concentrate for 7 days. Then continue to keep fragments in the following conditions: 20 ml/l of PES medium, 700 μmol photon/m2/s of light, 25oC of temperature, 3% of salinity, 28 days of time. Under this condition the productivity U. papenfussii was 17.8 g/l of weight and its growth rate was 4.3–6.5% day. Nutritional cultivation is successful for U. papenfussii speceies, which is of great importance to study the potential of producing seaweed varieties like blades for commercial application of seaweed species.
Regulation of apoptosis of dendritic cells by il-10 and in association with stat-1 signaling molecule
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thu , Xuan Nguyen Thi
Published: March 2019

IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, participating in induction of immune tolerance and cell apoptotic death. Dendritic cells (DCs) is the most professional antigen-presenting cells among innate immune cells to exert generation and maintenance of immunological memory mediated through activation of T and B lymphocytes. The STAT signalling pathway plays a regulatory role of maturation and differentiation of immune cells. In this study, DCs were treated with inflammatory cytokines including TNF-a, INFg, IL-2 and IL-10 and subsequently examined the phosphorylation of STAT-1 and STAT-3, TNF-α concetration in cell suspension and the proportion of Annexin V+ and caspase 3+ cells. Methods used for this investigation include western blotting, flow cytometry and ELISA. DCs were derived from mouse bone marrow cells and cultured with GM-CSF for 8 days. As a result, IL-10, but not other cytokines enhanced the number of Annexin V+cells and caspase 3 activity in DCs. More importantly, IL-10 also increased the phosphorylation of STAT-1 as well as the release of TNF-α into cell suspension. In conclusion, activation of STAT-1 might relate to the cell apoptotic death and TNF-α sectetion in IL-10-treated DCs.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities on carbon tetrachloride - induced hepatic damage in mice of trang to  (ixora duffii)  leaf extract
Authors: Dinh Phan Kim , Tuan Nguyen Trong , Trang Dai Thi Xuan
Published: March 2019

Trang To (Ixora duffii) belongs to the genus Ixora in the family Rubiaceae. The in vitro total antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the methanol extract of Trang To leaf was investigated using the phosphomolypdenum method and the bovine serum albumin denaturation test, respectively. The results showed that the methanol extract of Trang To leaf possessed relatively high antioxidant activity (OD0,5 = 15,551 ± 0,344 μg/mL) compared to that of the standard, trolox (OD0,5=2,315±0,083 μg/mL). The anti-inflammatory effect using bovine serum albumin denaturation test showed that the activity of the methanol extract of Trang To leaf (EC50= 6,03±0,12 μg/mL) was comparable to that of the reference drug, diclofenac sodium (EC50=0,57±0,21µg/mL). To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the methanol extract of Trang To leaf, the liver damage was induced in mice given with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mixed in olive oil (1: 4) at a dose of 2.5 mL/kg body weight/day. As a control, the standard hepatoprotective agent, silymarin, was used at the dose of 16 mg/kg body weight for 4 consecutive weeks. Trang To leaf extract was given at three different doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The results showed the effective dose-dependent reduction of transaminase enzyme (ALT and AST) levels in sera. In addition, Trang To leaf extract also improved the oxidative stress status of the liver through effective reduction of MDA level and increase of GSH level in the liver. Histopathological examination of the liver tissue revealed that the mice treated with Trang To leaf extract showed significant improvement of liver tissue damages similar to silymarin treatment compared to the non-treated control group. The present results demonstrated that Trang To leaf extract has potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
Some new recordeds of macrofungi from the Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam province, Vietnam
Authors: Phu Tran Thi , Kiet Trinh Tam
Published: March 2019

Among 276 species of class Agaricomycetes isolated from the Ngoc Linh mountain, Quang Nam Province, we identified and recorded eight new species of macrofungi in Vietnam, namely Cymatoderma caperatum, Amanita xanthogala, Chlorophllum brunneum, Chlorophyllum hortense, Hymenopellis megalospora, Psathyrella longipes, Russula cystidiosa, and Serpula lacrymans. The morphologies, anatomical characteristics as well as applications of these species were demonstrated. Among these 8 newly recorded species in Vietnam, 2 species are edible mushrooms and 3 another species may be poisonous mushrooms.
Distribution of and the taxonomic keys to the species in the genus  Daptonema  Cobb, 1920 in Vietnam
Authors: Tu Nguyen Dinh , Thanh Nguyen Vu
Published: March 2019

Up to now, 22 nematodes species have been recognized in the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 from mangrove, river and estuary ecosystems in Vietnam, with 18 species described as new species and 4 others recognized for science. Three species, D. dihystera Gagarin and Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2005, D. salvum Gagarin, Nguyеn Vu Thanh & Nguyen Thi Thu, 2005 and D. rigidum Gagarin, Nguyеn Vu Thanh & Ngudyen Thi Thu, 2005 were found in fresh water, while other species were distributed in the mangrove forest, estuaries and seagrass ecosystem. The distribution and taxonomic keys to the species in the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 in Vietnam have been provided.
Cladoceran diversity in Vinh Long province and redescription of the rare species  Grimaldina brazzai  richard, 1892 (Macrotricidae, Anomopoda, Branchiopoda) for zooplankton fauna Vietnam
Authors: Nga Le Thi Nguyet , Phan Dang Doan
Published: March 2019

In a total of four surveys at eight sites in some major rivers in Vinh Long province during 2013 to 2014, 18 species of cladoceran, belonging to 14 genera, 7 families and 2 orders, were recorded. The cladocerans fauna in Vinh Long province is recognized as moderate diverse, and the species recorded were mostly common species. Among 18 species, Grimaldina brazzai Richard, 1892 is a rare species. A total of four females specimens of species G. brazzai were collected at the Co Chien river, but male specimens were absent. The specimens were morphologically identified as G. brazzai described first by Richard (1892), followed by Brook (1959), Idris (1983), Smirnov (1992) and Hollwedel (2003). Grimaldina brazzai is currently the only one species in the genus Grimaldina and has been recorded in several tropical countries, such as Brazil, Thailand, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and Singapore. They occur in lakes and rice fields, but population of this species is very limited in nature. In Vietnam, this species was first recorded in South Vietnam by Shirota (1966), but has not been described since then until recently Sinev & Korovchinsky (2013) recorded this species in the Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai province, South Vietnam.
Floristic composition of different habitats of indochinese silvered langur  (Trachypithecus germaini)  in the Chua Hang karst in Kien Luong district, Kien Giang province, Vietnam
Authors: Thia Le Hong , Duc Hoang Minh , Covert Herbert
Published: March 2019

The Indochinese silvered langur (Trachypithecus germaini) is a leaf monkey species that occurs on four karst hills in the Kien Luong District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. In this study, the floristic composition of four habitats where the silvered langur were observed feeding was analyzed. These habitats include cliffs, slopes, the peak of the Chua Hang karst and the adjacent mangroves. We identified 185 plant species belonging to 61 families distributing across the habitats, and the silvered langurs fed on 60 plant species of 37 families. Among food plants selected by the silvered langur, 41 plant species were distributed on the cliff, followed by the slope (31 species), the peak (24 species), and the mangroves (4 species). The silvered langurs fed on about 67% of plant species on the cliff. Plant species richness of the slope areas was highest (at D=0.45, D: Simpson index, and d=20.0, d: Margalef index) compared with the other habitats. The floristic composition of the cliff, slope and peak was quite similar to each other, with the similarity index (SI) ranging from 0.47 to 0.56. The results showed that four plant species, Phyllathus reticulatus Poir, Ficus rumphii Blume, Streblus ilicifolia (Kurz.) Corn. and Cayratia trifolia L. were consumed throughout of the year. In summary, present results add important information for conservation of the Indochinese silvered langur in Vietnam.
THE QUALITY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING IMPLEMENTED IN KBRI SCHOOL, SEKOLAH INDONESIA KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Kholilah Nur
Published: March 2019

This study is aimed to know how the quality of second grade senior high school Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia English language testing like in term of content validity, index of difficulty, index of discrimination, and the effectiveness of distracters. The design used in this study is a qualitative research. Qualitative in this research is descriptive research. Then, use quantitative descriptive research to calculate and compute the data to prove the qualitative data and conclude the result of this research. The object of this research is second grade of senior high school of Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia and only focus in multiple choice test items. The sample of this research is second grade of Science class and second grade of Social class which conclude all students in the class. The result of this study reported that the English language testing has good content validity. It also reported that the index of difficulty of the English language testing are acceptable. Besides, the index of discrimination of this test is satisfactory. Moreover, it has good distracters.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING IN TEACHING VOCABULARY
Authors: Trimastuti Wahyu
Published: March 2019

This study aims to determine whether the Cooperative Language Teaching and Learning method is more effective than the traditional learning to teach vocabulary. This is an experimental quantitative research. The population for this study is freshmen majoring in management. The use of Cooperative Language Teaching and Learning method through engineering teams-games-tournament (TGT) in the English vocabulary learning is considered to be effective, creative, and fun to increase the students’ motivation to learn and to improve their vocabulary mastery. The findings showed that the Cooperative Language Teaching and Learning is an effective method to teach vocabulary. It is, thus, recommended that (1) the Cooperative Language Learning and Teaching improve the students’ ability to remember vocabulary, (2) students are expected to be more active in the learning process in order to improve the ability to solve the problem of vocabulary (3) the results of this study can be used as an initial step to hold further research.
Comparative Evaluation of Speaking and Writing Skills in Project Level 1 (4th Edition) and Achievers A1+
Authors: Min Lee Sun , Floris Flora Debora
Published: March 2019

This study is intended to find out about the two basic skills which are speaking and writing skill presented in Project level 1 (4th edition) and Achievers A1+ textbook. The textbooks were evaluated by using the theoretical framework as proposed by Cunningsworth (1995). 4 criteria were used to evaluate the presentation of the speaking skill and 9 criteria were used to examine the writing sections. The findings of this study show some interesting similarities and differences that both textbooks have on the presentation of speaking and writing skills.
Communicative Activities Based on Competence Standard of 2013 Curriculum
Authors: Affandi Yusna
Published: March 2019

For upcoming academic years, senior high schools in Indonesia are implementing a new curriculum, 2013 curriculum. It is stated in the curriculum that English is taught as a language of international communication. Therefore, the English instruction should provide students to enhance their communicative competence. It emphasizes on speaking skill which students acquire for communication. This article proposes three communicative activities based on competence standard of 2013 curriculum to enhance students’ communicative competence. The communicative activities are information-gap activities, task completion activities, and information gathering activities. The focus of proposed communicative activities is on improving students’ speaking skill.