bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomics of swine leukocyte antigen class I of Nigerian and Kenyan pigs
Authors: Oluwole O. O. , Bayene D. , Okoth E. , Roger P. , Omitogun G. O.
Published: February 2021

The classical genes are a member of immunoglobulin gene family that is involved in the presentation of antigen peptides. They are located in every nucleated cell surface, except in neurons and trophoblasts. They are synthesized in infected cell (viral infection), binding to viral proteins and giving rise to Swine Leucocyte Antigen (SLA) I- antigen complex. In the study, the SLA class I gene of Nigerian pigs with pigs from Kenya along with archived sequences from Asia and American pigs available on Genbank to gain a better understanding of matrilineal origin of Nigerian and Kenyan pigs. Gain insight into demographic distribution, their domestication and adaptation were compared. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from 90 pigs (60 Nigerian pigs (NP) and 30 pigs from Kenya) using Invitrogen Kit, quantified by using Nanodrop, and amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction. The expected bands were purified and sequenced for SLA class I. The sequences were aligned and phylogenetic tree was analyzed by using MEGA 6. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tools) was conducted in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). The sequences of Nigerian pigs and Kenya pigs were compared with published pig data in GenBank. Neighboring Joint (NJ) tree constructed with sequences from Nigeria, Kenya and other pigs from GenBank revealed that some of the NP clustered together with Asian pigs at the middle of the tree while some clustered just above the Kenyan below the tree and the outgroup homosapien stood out. The result from the calculation of total number of segregating sites gave the negative Tajima's D value (-0.181) while the non-significant difference (p > 0.05) obtained from the result showed that the null hypothesis was not rejected. In conclusion, there is genetic difference between the Nigerian and Kenyan pigs based on the phylogeny tree constructed. There is an excess of low frequency polymorphisms relative to population size. This may be as a result of evolutionary forces during course of adaptation in tropical countries in Africa.
Evaluation of optimum inclusion levels of biostrong® 510 15% as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chicken production under field conditions in Nigeria
Authors: Moses O. , Onimisi P. A , Jegede J. O , Afolayan M.
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Biostrong® 510 15% (BSG) inbroiler chickens diet. It was included at 0 g, 75 g, 100 g and 125 g/100 Kg diet, for T1-T4respectively while T5 had Oxytetracycline. Data was collected on growth performanceindices, haematological parameters, liver function indices, kidney function, blood mineralprofile, immune response, antioxidant capacity, villi morphometrics, lipid profile, ileum andceacum microbial contents, carcass quality parameters, and tibia bone quality indices. Alldata collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences amongtreatment means were compared using the Tukey test of significance. Growth  erformance showed that broilers fed diet containing 100g BSG had optimum performance among other levels. Haematological and liver function indices were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Birds fed BSG showed decreased cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein compared to the control treatment. Birds fed levels of BSG and AGP had significantly higher bone weight, bone density, bone dry matter and bone ash as compared to birds on the control group. All carcass evaluation parameters were significantly (P<0.05) different among treatments except for dressed weight, breast and kidney. Levels of BSG in the diet significantly lowered the cost of production than AGPs of finisher broilers improved liver health, bone strength, villi characteristics, increased beneficial bacteria population and also prevent the colonization of the gut by pathogenic bacteria thus improving the health of the birds. Biostrong® 510 15%, can therefore effectively replace antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chicken production.
Maize seed germination inhibition test for pregnancy diagnosis in Zebu cows
Authors: Okunlola O. O. , Olorunnisomo O. A. , Alalade J. A , Oyinlola O. O. , Amusa H. O , Adebisi I. A. , Emiola C. B.
Published: February 2021

Pregnancy diagnosis is an important part of good management and helps to maximizereproductive performance. Over time, different methods for detection of pregnancy in cows and other female domestic animals have been developed which include observation, physical examination, chemical tests and electronic instruments. Seed germination inhibition technique was carried out to detect pregnancy in Zebu cows. The urine samples collected from four pregnant cows, four non pregnant cows, four bulls and water (control) were subjected to seed germination test using maize seeds. Urine was collected between 5 and 7 am. Pregnant cows were confirmed by rectal palpation. The pH of the urine samples was determined before and after dilution and consequently, the urea concentration was also analyzed in the laboratory. The urine was diluted at the ratio of 1:4 with distilled water. Control test was also carried out with the addition of water only to the maize seeds. In each sterile Petri dish fifteen maize seeds were taken on the filter paper and 15mL of diluted urine was added. The seed germination inhibition percentages were observed after five days while shoot length growth inhibition was also observed after five days. Germination inhibition percentage of pregnant cows (64.16%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to nonpregnant cows (34.18%), bull urine and water control. Shoot length of seeds germinated with distilled water had the highest value (4.38cm), seeds germinated with bull urine and non pregnant cow urine showed similarities while seeds germinated with pregnant cow urine had the least value (1.37cm) across the observations for shoot length growth inhibition. The result on pH showed clear differences in the pH of urine from pregnant (8.11- 8.25), non pregnant cows (6.05-7.04) and bull urine (6.35-7.34). The pH of the urine samples for nonpregnant cow and bull urine samples were similar to that of the control. Urea concentration of pregnant cow urine (11.06 mg/dL) was higher than that observed in bull urine 4.56 mg/dL and non pregnant cow urine 1.39 mg/dL. The study was able to validate that at 60% and above inhibition there is an indication of pregnancy while inhibition less than 60% shows the cow is non pregnant. Increased mean germination inhibition percentage and reduced shoot length in pregnant cow urine were indicative of pregnancy state.
Haematologic profile and prevalence survey of haemonchosis in various breeds of slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Jeremiah O. T. , Banwo O. G.
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed at determining the haematological profile and prevalence ofHaemonchus parasites in cattle considering the breed, sex, age and body condition scores(BCS) of the animals. The study spanned over 12 months. Whole blood samples werecollected from various breeds of cattle with adult Haemonchus specimens from eachabomasum content of such animals slaughtered at a local abattoir in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Systematic random sampling method was adopted, with a working sample size of 322. The age and BCS of cattle sampled were estimated using rostral dentition technique and visual indicators, respectively. The adult Haemonchus worms were collected in normal saline and identified morphologically. The haematologic profile was determined using pocH- 100iV Diff® (Haematology System, Sysmex Animal Health Germany). Data obtained from this study were analyzed statistically using microsoft excel, SPSS (Version 20), and graphPad prism version 5.0 with Fisher's exact test Haematological profile in bovine haemonchosis showed anaemia with an overall mean packed cell volume (PCV) of 25.59±0.03%, whereas the apparently healthy cattle had a mean PCV of 34.52 ±0.02%. The overall prevalence of bovine haemonchosis was 16.6 %. Our findings revealed that prevalence of bovine haemonchosis varied with months, season, body condition score, age, breeds with no sex predisposition. There is a need for constant monitoring of gastrointestinal parasites, appropriate anthelminthic regimen and control measures to promote animal production and prevent huge economic losses as a result of subclinical, acute illness and death in severe levels of parasitism.
High quality cassava peel® production and its utilization in pig production: A review
Authors: Adesehinwa A. O. K. , Amole T. A. , Ajayi E. , Makanjuola B. A. , Okike I.
Published: February 2021

The cassava peel has been investigated as a good source of energy for various categories of livestock and it has been reported as a good substitute for maize for all classes of pigs.International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has transformed fresh cassava peels intohigh quality, safe and hygienic livestock feed, known as High Quality Cassava Peel®. HighQuality Cassava Peel® was produced by sorting, grating, pressing, sieving and drying offresh cassava peels. Sorting of the fresh (harvested the same day) cassava peels was done by removal of the stumps, large sized woody tubers and other foreign materials before grating, to gradually reduce the particle size, ensure rapid dewatering, drying and easy handling of the sorted peels. Next is the pressing of the grated peels in woven bags using a hydraulic jack and wooden planks. The resultant cassava peel cake after pressing around 30- 35% moisture had shelf life of 5- 7 days. The pressed cassava peel cake was re-grated to loosen it into a free flowing material that can be subjected to sieving to separate the fine mash (lower fiber, high energy content) from the coarse mash (higher fiber, lower energy content). The resultant fine or coarse mash was further dried by toasting or sun-drying to a moisture level of 10-12%. The final product with 10–12% moisture content was bagged and stored safely for 4- 6 months without any spoilage. Proximate analysis of the HQCP® further clarified its quality over that of other processed cassava peels. Series of trials conducted have proved High Quality Cassava Peel as a good substitute for significant portion of maize in the diet of growing and weaned pigs without any adverse effect on the performance and blood parameters determined in each of the studies. The results of the studies conducted on the utilization of the high quality cassava peel as a substitute for maize in the diet of weaned and growing pigs have shown the efficacy of HQCP® to replace significant quantities of maize in their diet. High Quality Cassava Peel demonstrated potential for replacement of up to 15% of the 40% maize inclusion in the diet of weaned pigs and 30% in the diet of growing pigs with or without direct fed microbial (DFM) supplementation. No significant effect of DFM was noticed in the utilization of HQCP® by both weaned and growing pigs. All the hematological and serum biochemical parameters determined were within the normal range for healthypigs. Based on the outcome of the feeding trials, HQCP® has been proved to replace asubstantial portion of maize in the diet of weaned and growing pigs, thereby bringing about a decrease in the cost of production
Effect of Maxigrain® enzyme supplementation of dietary brewers dried grain on the performance, digestibility and economic of production of starter broiler chickens
Authors: Aku E. O. , Uleun C. D. , Kaankuka F. G.
Published: February 2021

Two hundred and forty Arbor Acre strain day old chicks were used to determine the effect of Maxigrain® enzyme fortification of dietary brewers dried grains (BDG). Eight groups of 30 birds each were fed four diets that contain 0, 5, 10 and 15 % BDG with or without Maxigrain in a 2x4 factorial arrangement. The research lasted for 28 days during which data were collected on performance, nutrient utilization and production cost. Significant (P<0.05) increased was observed in average final body weight, body weight gain and feed intake as dietary BDG increased. However, this effect was higher when enzyme was added to BDG respectively. Increasing the BDG from 0 – 15 % significantly (P<0.05) reduced cost of feed consumed and increased feed cost with enzyme addition. The reversed trend was observed with cost per kg gain of broiler chicks fed BDG with enzyme supplementation. Birds fed BDG with enzyme had significantly (P<0.05) better nutrient utilization than their counterpart group. It can be concluded that the incorporation of up to 15 % BDG with 100 mg/kg Maxigrain® supplementation enhanced performance and economics of production
Performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing mango (Mangifera indica) fruit reject pulp mixed with maize offal
Authors: Orayaga K. T. , Okolie A. C. , Asanka N. B. , Idede S.
Published: February 2021

A number of alternative feedstuff that are affordable and profitable for use in developing countries for animal feeding have been identified and reported. However, some of these alternative feedstuff have low nutrient density, and some with high nutrient density are difficult to process and or preserve. However, it is reported that two different alternative feedstuff could be mixed to improve the nutrient density of the mixture, and be preserved better at the same time. Mango fruit reject pulp has high energy content but cannot be easily sundried and preserved alone, except a carrier is involved. Four (4) experiments were conducted to determine the proximate composition and energy content of mango fruit reject pulp-maize offal mix meal (MFRP-MO); effects of MFRP-MO on growth performance and economics of productions for starter and finisher broiler chickens, carcass characteristics, internal organs and gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) morphometry of finisher broiler chickens. Mango fruit rejects pulp-maize offal mix meal (MFRP-MO) partially replaced maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% respectively to produce diets coded T1 (0%), T2 (20%), T3 (40%), T4 (60%), T5 (80%), and T1(0%). One hundred and eighty (180) day-old Marshall broiler chicks were grouped into five, with each group replicated three times and a replicate contained 12 birds in completely randomized design (CRD); which were exposed to the diets in a feeding trial that lasted for 28 and 49 days for starter and finisher phases respectively. MFRP-MO contained 9.63% CP, 68.38% NFE and 3320. 41kcal/kg ME. Results of mean growth performance parameters for starter and finisher phases declined from 40% and 20% MFRPMO respectively on parameters including final weight, daily weight gain and FCR. Economic indices were better at 80% MFRP-MO mix replacement of maize; the cost per kg weight gain steadily declined. Percentage feed costs were 32.36 to 39.92% and 53.50 to 62.75% for starter and finisher respectively. The dress percent, major carcass cuts and internal organs were not significantly different. With the exception of large intestine length, which was not significantly different (p<0.05), caeca and small intestine varied in opposite directions: small intestine decreased, while caeca increased as MFRP-MO mix increased. It was concluded that 20% replacement of maize by MFRP-MO mix was optimal for both starter and finishing broiler chickens' growth but 60% was more economical and 60% MFRP-MO mix was recommended.
Effects of diets containing processed cassava peel meal on performance and feed economies of growing red Sokoto bucks
Authors: Audu R. , Amin A. B. , Abdullahi A. M. , Kundi U. , Tijjani A.
Published: February 2021

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of differently processed cassava peel meal on the performance and economies of growing red sokoto bucks. Four experimental diets were formulated; diet T1 (control) contained 20 % sun-dried cassava peel meal while diets T2 , T3 and T4 contained 20 % soaked, 20 % boiled and 20 % fermented cassava peel meal, respectively. Each diet was fed to a group of 3 bucks for 70 days in a completely randomized design. Among the differently processed cassava peel meals included in the diets of growing red sokoto bucks, inclusion of fermented cassava peel meal significantly (p<0.05) increased the final weight (19.63 kg), weight gain (6.63 kg) and total feed intake (19.93 kg) of the bucks; no significant effect was observed on other performance indices. There was also a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the feed cost per kilogram weight gain of bucks fed diet containing fermented cassava peel meal. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of fermented cassava peel meal in the diets of growing red sokoto bucks resulted in better performance of the bucks and reduced the cost of feed per kilogram weight gain.
Biomass yield of maize fodder at different plant density, its preference and digestibility by Sokoto Gudali heifers
Authors: Adegbute J. A. , Nwamo A. C. , Olorunnisomo O. A.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of plant density on biomass yield of maize fodder, its acceptability and digestibility by Sokoto Gudali heifers. Treatments P1, P2, P3 and P4 correspond to different plant densities of 53,333, 106,666, 210,526 and 421,072 plants/ha, respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times on 4m x 10m plots and fertilizer was applied as100 kg N/ha. Fodder was harvested at 6weeks of age (42 days after planting) and weighed to determine the biomass yield. Samples were also taken for chemical analysis. Harvested fodder were fed to Sokoto Gudali heifers to determine its preference and digestibility. Biomass yield increased significantly (P<0.05) within plant population with P4 (3.55 tons/ha) having the highest yield and P1 (1.61 tons/ha) having the least. Dry matter (DM, 23.64 – 27.22%) and crude protein (CP, 19.75 – 27.50%) of fodder increased as plant population increased while fibre components (ADF, NDF AND ADL) decreased. In this study, an increase in plant density produced more forage yield of very good quality with high dry Matter digestibility and no variation (P>0.05) in the preference by the animal.
Organ weight, serum biochemistry and gut microbial counts of Thryonomys swinderianus fed diet supplemented with Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal
Authors: Okukpe K. M. , Samba B. A. , Adigun O. M. , Sanni K. M. , Ogunsola F. O. , Adeyina A. O.
Published: February 2021

The study investigated the effect of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaf supplementation on organ weight and gut microbial count of Thryonomys swinderianus. Thirty-six weaner grasscutters of mixed sexes were allotted randomly to six treatments (A, B, C, D, E, and F) in a completely randomized design for a nutritional trial of 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, caecum, kidney, liver, lungs, intestine and the heart were excised to determine their weights and the intestinal/caecal contents and scrapings were obtained to determine the fungi and bacteria population. Data collected were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The VA supplementation had significant effect (p<0.05) on relative organs with a range of 0.47 – 0.60%, 0.40 – 0.62%, 1.20 – 2.83%, 0.52 - 0.58%, 5.53 – 12.91%, 714.00 – 960.00g, 494.00 – 781.00g and 479.00 – 747.00g for lungs, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, live weight, eviscerated and carcass weight of the grasscutter respectively, with a smaller relative weight of the kidney from 3g/kg VA supplementation upwards. The serum biochemical parameters were also significantly affected by VA supplementation. There was a decrease in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase but were within the normal range required for rodents. Total protein and Albumin were significantly improved by the supplement while total bilirubin was variable with a significant decrease prior to 4gVA supplementation. Microbial populations in the intestine and ceacum were reduced to varying extent by the supplement. It could be concluded that VA supplementation reduced intestinal and caecal microbes and increased the live and carcass weights but decreased relative weights of selected organs in the grasscutter.
Potency of selected herbs on inhibition of ammonia producing bacteria
Authors: Omidiwura B. R. O. , Agboola A. F. , Adekambi A. O.
Published: February 2021

In effort to combat environmental pollution, improve animal production and avoid drug residue, producers have resorted to the use of phytobiotics to inhibit ammonia producing microbes in the gut. Freshly harvested Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Saccharum officinarum, Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus camadulensis and Mangifera indica leaves were air dried, blended and extracted using five concentrations of solvent (100% water, 70% water + 30% methanol, 50% water + 50% methanol, 30% water + 70% methanol and 100% methanol). The antibacterial activities of the extracts and antibiotics (doxycycline) as control, were tested according to standard procedures against both gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae) ammonia producing bacteria. In most cases, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Saccharum officinarum, Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus camadulensis and Mangifera indica leaves were not significantly different from that of synthetic antibiotics, doxycycline, when tested against the test bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholera. However, leave extracts showed significantly better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli than the antibiotic drug. It can be concluded, therefore, that the leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Saccharum officinarum, Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus camadulensis and Mangifera indica can serve as alternative to synthetic drugs in animal production due to their effective actions against microbial organisms.
Apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler starter fed varying levels of processed taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal based diet
Authors: Ajetunmobi A.W. , Eguaoje S. A. , Adeniji C. A. , Omesa M. T. , Iwegbu A.
Published: February 2021

A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent nutrient digestibility of 120, one-day old broiler starter chicks fed varying levels of Parboiled sundried taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal (PSCM). Four treatments were formulated with diet one containing 100% maize as control, while in diet two, three and four parboiled sundried cocoyam meal (PSCM) replaced the percentage proportion of maize in diet one at 50, 75 and 100% inclusion levels respectively. Thirty (30) birds were randomly assigned to the four treatment diets in a complete randomized designed (CRD) and each treatment group contained three replicates with ten (10) birds each. Ground fed feed and voided faecal samples collected after a 4-day feeding in a metabolic cage were analyzed for their respective proximate constituent. Apparent nutrient digestibility revealed that crude fibre was significantly (P<0.05) higher in diet 4 while crude ash was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control. Digestible ether extract and NFE were significantly (P<0.05) higher among birds placed on 50% PSCM. It is therefore concluded that parboiled sundried taro cocoyam meal (PSCM) could replace 50% of maize in broiler starter diet without any deleterious effect. However, substituting maize with parboiled sundried taro cocoyam meal at 50% replacement level improved nutrient digestibility and is hereby recommended for poultry farmers.
Assessment of ensiled Pearl millet stover with or without legumes stover for quality and acceptability by West African dwarf goat
Authors: Amuda A. J. , Falola O. O. , Tukura D. M.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate ensiled millet stover with or without legumes stover for quality and acceptability by West African dwarf goats. The materials (millet stover and legumes stover) were ensiled for 90 days in bag silo. There were five silage treatments: A (100% Pearl Millet stover only), B (80% Pearl Millet stover + 20% Groundnut stover), C (80% Pearl Millet stover + 20% Bambaranut stover), D (80% Pearl Millet stover + 20% Soybean stover), E (80% Pearl Millet stover + 20% Cajan cajanus stover) with four replicates each. Acceptability studies was done using eight (8) female West African dwarf goats of average weight of 8-12kg. Results of physical characteristics of ensiled pearl millet stover with or without legumes produced good quality silages with greenish yellow colour, firm texture and good aroma (fruity and pleasant). Coefficient of preference (CoP) indicates that 100% ensiled pearl millet stover was highly preferred, followed by ensiled pearl millet stover with bambaranut stover by WAD goats with CoP values of 1.08 and 1.02, respectively. However, daily mean consumption (g/day) suggested that with time the goats would get use to other silage types. The CP contents of the silage types ranged significantly (P<0.05) from A silage (11.50%) to D silage (14.08%). The pH, temperature, moisture and DM values were similar (P>0.05) across the treatments. The silage pH and temperature (0C) values however, ranged from 3.70 to 3.83 and 25.75 to 26.75oC, respectively. Moisture content ranged from A silage (63.90%) to E silage (67.28%) and dry matter (DM) from E silage (32.71%) to A silage (36.60%). It was observed that all the silage types preserved well and legumes stover improved CP content of ensiled millet stover significantly. Therefore, the various silage from this study could be used for feeding ruminants, since CP contents were above 7% threshold recommended for ruminants.
Gross pathological conditions in eviscerated organs of cattle in Nsukka Slaughter Slab, Enugu State: The economic and public health implications
Authors: Nwankwo I. O. , Onunkwo J. I. , Ogugua A. J. , Ezugwu R. N.
Published: February 2021

Gross lesions in cattle viscera result in loss of meat quality and condemnation during inspection. However, data on gross pathological conditions in cattle viscera are scarce in Nigeria. This study therefore was undertaken to determine the occurrence of gross lesions in cattle viscera during post mortem inspection at Ikpa Slaughter slab Nsukka and its economic and public health implications. Gross pathological lesions were found in all of the 545 cattle carcasses examined from May to August 2017. Lesions of fasciolosis, liver tuberculosis, Liver cirrhosis, lung tuberculosis, pneumonic lung, congested lung, blood retention in the heart, pimply gut and paramphistomosis were observed in 1 (0.18%), 33 (6.06%), 11 (2.02%), 216 (39.63%), 38 (6.97%), 501 (91.93%), 200 (39.69%), 545 (100%) and 545 (100%) of the slaughtered cattle, respectively. The rejection and condemnation of affected visceral organs loss estimate was N1,532,300.00. This unavoidable loss reduces profit and the absence of compensation policy encourages unwholesome practices by butchers and further exposes consumers to zoonotic disease infections. In the study, the eviscerated organs of cattle were unwholesome and unsafe due to some pathological and zoonotic conditions observed. There is need for government to make and implement zoonotic and economic disease control policies in livestock Nigeria.
ANALISIS CACAT PRODUK KEMASAN WAFER DI PT. TKT MOJOKERTO
Authors: Ardhyani Ika Widya , Santoso Sugeng
Published: February 2021

PT. TKT merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri kertas. Namun dalam proses produksinya masih ditemukan kendala dan permasalahan yakni masih adanya cacat produk yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas produk. Produk kemasan wafer yang diproduksi oleh PT. TKT mengalami cacat  produksi berupa: warna (tidak sesuai CT, ada bercak, pudar), kemasan (terkena oli, sobek, basah), lem (lem lepas dan lem penguci lepas). Untuk mengatasi masalah kualitas produksi tersebut perlu dilakukan pengendalian kualitas dengan metode Six sigma untuk meningkatkan kualitas produksi. Pada tahap define jenis cacat yang terjadi sebanyak delapan jenis. Pada tahap measure diperoleh nilai DPMO sebesar 134.298 dengan nilai sigma sebesar 2,8. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh faktor-faktor penyebab cacat pada produk diantaranya: cara pengeliman yang kurang efektif, kurangnya pemerikasaan terhadap proses, faktor operator, dan faktor lingkungan kerja.
Prediction model for diffuser-induced spectral features in imaging spectrometers
Authors: Richter Florian , Keim Corneli , Caron Jérôme , Krauser Jasper , Weise Dennis , Wenig Mark
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Wide-field spectrometers for Earth observation missions require in-flight radiometric calibration for which the Sun can be used as a known reference. Therefore, a diffuser is placed in front of the spectrometer in order to scatter the incoming light into the entrance slit and provide homogeneous illumination. The diffuser, however, introduces interference patterns known as speckles into the system, yielding potentially significant intensity variations at the detector plane, called spectral features. There have been several approaches implemented to characterize the spectral features of a spectrometer, e.g., end-to-end measurements with representative instruments. Additionally, in previous publications a measurement technique was proposed, which is based on the acquisition of monochromatic speckles in the entrance slit following a numerical propagation through the disperser to the detection plane. Based on this measurement technique, we present a stand-alone prediction model for the magnitude of spectral features in imaging spectrometers, requiring only few input parameters and, therefore, mitigating the need for expensive measurement campaigns.
Semi-annual variation of excited hydroxyl emission at mid-latitudes
Authors: Grygalashvyly Mykhaylo , Pogoreltsev Alexander I. , Andreyev Alexey B. , Smyshlyaev Sergei P. , Sonnemann Gerd R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Ground-based observations show a phase shift in semi-annual variation of excited hydroxyl (OH∗) emissions at mid-latitudes
(43∘ N) compared to those at low latitudes. This differs from the annual cycle at high latitudes. We examine this behaviour by utilising an
OH∗ airglow model which was incorporated into a 3D chemistry–transport model (CTM). Through this modelling, we study the morphology
of the excited hydroxyl emission layer at mid-latitudes (30–50∘ N), and we assess the impact of the main drivers of its semi-annual
variation: temperature, atomic oxygen, and air density. We found that this shift in the semi-annual cycle is determined mainly by the superposition
of annual variations of temperature and atomic oxygen concentration. Hence, the winter peak for emission is determined exclusively by atomic oxygen
concentration, whereas the summer peak is the superposition of all impacts, with temperature taking a leading role.
The Fortification of the Great Firewall and its Effect on E-Discovery Disputes in U.S. Courts
Authors: Christian Keeton
Published: February 2021

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Inovasi Sistem Regu Tanam Padi Jajar Legowo Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Hari Susanto Slamet , Sayyidati Adibah
Published: February 2021

Sedikitnya petani di kabupaten Gresik yang memahami tanam padi jajar legowo membuat ketahanan pangan khususnya padi di Gresik jauh dari kata aman, idealnya satu desa satu regu tanam, akan tetapi dari total 308 desa tim regu tanam di gresik hanya  14 regu tanam dan yang memahami sistem tanam padi menghindari sistem ini dikarenakan kurangnya dana untuk membayar tenaga tanam, hal ini melatarbelakangi untuk dilakukan inovasi, hal ini membuat pemerintah daerah kabupaten gresik untuk membuat sistem regu tanam padi jajar legowo tang efektif. Metode yang digunakan penelitan ini deskriptif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada beberapa narasumber dengan analisa kualitatif, hasil yang didapatkan setelah sistem regu tanam dari pemerintah daerah kabupaten gresik berjalan, telihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun dan puncaknya pada tahun 2016 dengan stok beras surplus 146.743,12 ton.
Analisis Inovasi Perencanaan Sebagai Strategi Tata Kelola yang Baik di Berbagai Provinsi
Authors: Yaarozatulo Harefa Herman
Published: February 2021

Inovasi menjadi kalimat sakral dalam kemajuan dan kesejahteraan suatu bangsa, baik di level mikro ekonomi (korporasi) hingga level makro ekonomi (negara). Khusus tentang inovasi telah ada landasan hukumnya dalam UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah bertajuk Inovasi Daerah, dari Pasal 386 hingga Pasal 390 UU 23/2014. Inovasi yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 386 adalah semua bentuk pembaharuan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat menganalisis berbagai macam inovasi perencanaan yang dilakukan oleh berbagai Provinsi dalam rangka mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualititatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi analisis data bersifat induktif dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna daripada generalisasi. (Tahir, 2018) Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yakni suatu bentuk penelitian yang bertujuan memberikan gambaran umum berbagai macam data yang dikumpul dari lapangan secara objektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah provinsi yang pernah melakukan inovasi perencanaan, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah inovasi yang dilakukan oleh Jawa Barat, Kalimantan Barat, dan Sulawesi Selatan sebagai bentuk nyata untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Inovasi merupakan kunci untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, daya saing daerah, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Inovasi yang dimaksud adalah semua bentuk pembaharuan dalam penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah yang berpedoman pada prinsip sebagai berikut: peningkatan efisiensi, perbaikan efektivitas, perbaikan kualitas pelayanan, tidak ada konflik kepentingan, berorientasi kepada kepentingan umum, dilakukan secara terbuka, memenuhi nilai-nilai kepatutan, dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan hasilnya tidak untuk kepentingan diri sendiri.
REGULAÇÃO DE VAGA DO ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL HIPERAGUDO: PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO
Authors: Cristina Celestino Santos Janaína , Mendes Bertoncello Fontes Cassiana , Tofanin Costa Isabella , Dos Santos Jacinto Jéssica
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: identificar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos casos regulados como acidente vascular cerebral hiperagudo em um hospital referenciado. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, que analisou 131 fichas de casos regulados com hipótese diagnóstica de acidente vascular cerebral hiperagudo, em um hospital referenciado. Submeteram-se os dados coletados à análise estatística descritiva com o programa SAS 9.4, considerando-se p<0,05 como o nível de significância. Resultados: detectou-se que a idade média dos pacientes foi de 67,44 anos, do sexo masculino, com sintoma mais frequente a fraqueza de membros, em 119 casos e 107 na referência. Verificou-se a ocorrência do acidente vascular isquêmico em 79 casos e a etiologia de síndrome lacunar em 33. Registra-se que 100 pacientes obtiveram alta hospitalar e 20 faleceram. Percebeu-se a significância estatística (p≤0,05) entre os resultados clínicos com o valor do teste de glicemia capilar e a presença do desvio de rima labial no serviço de origem. Conclusão: observa-se que os achados estatisticamente significativos revelam a necessidade da criação de protocolos específicos e a educação permanente das equipes.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE INFECÇÃO DE SÍTIO CIRÚRGICO PÓS-CESARIANA E IDADE MATERNA
Authors: Zuge Samuel Spiegelberg , Gabiatti Daiane , Kloh Jennifer Karen , Brum Crhis Netto de , Silva Clarissa Bohrer da , Aldrighi Juliane Dias
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar a associação da infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) pós-cesariana e à idade materna. Método: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, realizado com 692 prontuários de puérperas pós-cesárea atendidas em um hospital do extremo oeste de Santa Catarina no período de 2015 a 2017. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises de prevalência, qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de fisher, teste de Mann Whitney e avaliação do Risco Relativo. Resultados: a taxa global de infecção nas puérperas foi de 4,6%, contudo nas mulheres com mais de 35 anos de idade a taxa foi de 5,3%. Ao comparar a média de idade das puérperas em relação à presença de indicadores de ISC, identificou-se diferença significativa nas variáveis dor ou aumento de sensibilidade na incisão cirúrgica e hiperemia e/ou vermelhidão na incisão cirúrgica. Conclusão: destaca-se a importância da qualificação do cuidado por parte dos profissionais da saúde e da necessidade do desenvolvimento de protocolos em relação aos cuidados e orientações para as puérperas, de forma a minimizar as chances de complicações e de ISC no puerpério.
RELACIONAMENTO VIRTUAL: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DA TEORIA ARISTOTÉLICA DA AMIZADE
Authors: Nascimento Joelson
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é refletir sobre um meio de comunicação muito em voga naatualidade, o ORKUT, a partir das distinções de Aristóteles sobre a amizade. Esses chamados “amigos”do ORKUT o são no sentido próprio da palavra? Se não o são no sentido estrito do termo, aindaassim poderemos chamá-los “amigos”?
PERCEPÇÃO E CONHECIMENTO SEGUNDO ARISTÓTELES, PLATÃO E PROTÁGORAS: UMA BREVE COMPARAÇÃO
Authors: Aggio Juliana
Published: February 2021

O texto examina a relação entre conhecimento e sensação, sensação e pensamento, ser eperceber segundo Protágoras, Platão e Aristóteles, com o objetivo de mostrar o que é a percepçãosegundo o paradigma sofístico e o platônico e, por fim, qual é o lugar da tese aristotélica sobre apercepção diante desses dois paradigmas. Como resultado da investigação, temos que, paraAristóteles, diferentemente de Protágoras, a sensação não é responsável por todos os julgamentos,nem por discriminar todos objetos cognoscíveis; também para Aristóteles e diferentemente de Platão,o extremo oposto não é verdadeiro, a saber, que a sensação não discrimina seus próprios objetos.Conhecimento e sensação, portanto, não devem ser idênticos ou distintos de modo absoluto, nem oser é absolutamente ser percebido, nem o ser percebido é absolutamente indeterminado, mas, paraAristóteles, o ser é, em parte, percebido e determinado pela faculdade perceptiva e, em parte,conhecido pelo intelecto. O texto, deste modo, pretende elucidar como o ser é conhecido pelapercepção segundo Aristóteles, tratando assim de um ponto extremamente controverso, a saber:como a sensação discrimina seus próprios objetos sem a intervenção do pensamento, se taldiscriminação resume-se apenas em processos fisiológicos ou é também uma atividade da alma e, seé também uma atividade da alma, em que sentido a alteração física ocorrida no corpo,conjuntamente com uma certa atividade da alma, constituem a percepção.
SOCRATE “NATURALISTA”: GLI INDIZI DEI LOGOI SOKRATIKOI IN PLATONE E IN SENOFONTE
Authors: Quinalia Rineu
Published: February 2021

Este artigo centra-se em interpretar o personagem Sócrates à luz de algumaspassagens de Platão e de Xenofonte e, assim, sugerir uma leitura biográfica do personagemhistórico Sócrates sob a ótica do materialismo dos físicos que o precederam. Apresentaremosalguns trechos específicos do Fédon platônico e das Memoráveis de Xenofonte. A obraplatônica é indiscutivelmente de fundamental importância no que se refere a indícios biográficosde Sócrates, mas não é a única. Muitas vezes menosprezada pelos estudantes, mas igualmentevaliosa, é a obra de Xenofonte que, em nossa leitura, assume um papel relevante para o estudodo socratismo, representando uma imprescindível e importante luneta histórica para a difícilpráxis dos estudos acerca do personagem histórico Sócrates.
APRESENTAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO DO PROÊMIO DO COMENTÁRIO DE SIMPLÍCIO AO ENCHEIRÍDION DE EPICTETO
Authors: Dinucci Aldo
Published: February 2021

Simplício não é um intelectual isolado naqueles tempos de transição entre a era clássica e a era cristã no que se refere ao seu interesse pelo pensamento de Epicteto e, particularmente, pelo Encheirídion de Epicteto. De fato, Epicteto foi, durante esse período, estudado tanto por intelectuais cristãos quanto por filósofos gentios.
EPICTETI ENCHIRIDIVM A NICOLAO PEROTTO LATINE REDDITVM
Authors: Perotto Niccolò
Published: February 2021

A história da difusão do texto do Encheirídion de Epicteto na Europa começa na Renascença Italiana. Niccólo Perotto foi o primeiro a verter o Encheirídion para o latim, terminando sua versão em 1450. Perotto estava ligado ao cardeal Bessarion, cristão bizantino que, tendo chegado a Roma e se convertido ao catolicismo, trouxe consigo os tesouros culturais de sua terra natal, assim como o anseio de fazê-los conhecidos dos europeus.
Antístenes e a fundação do cinismo
Authors: Matsdorff Bruno Karl
Published: February 2021

A fundação do movimento filosófico cínico tem tradicionalmente sido atribuída a Antístenes de Atenas. Diógenes de Sinope, o mais conhecido filósofo cínico da antiguidade, teria se encontrado com Antístenes. No contato com seu mestre, Diógenes teria aprendido os preceitos filosóficos que nortearam sua conduta ética, mais tarde considerada como o paradigma da conduta ética cínica. O presente trabalho examina a possibilidade histórica desse encontro, pretendendo com isso não apenas propor uma revisão da história do movimento cínico, mas principalmente estruturar novas pesquisas sobre a filosofia de Antístenes. Tradicionalmente, Antístenes tem sido descrito como um filósofo cínico. Embora o cinismo que lhe sobreveio possa guardar influências de seu trabalho, Antístenes não foi um filósofo cínico. Vários estudos realizados recentemente sobre as origens do cinismo e sobre o caráter da filosofia de Antístenes levam em consideração a discussão apresentada e sua importância para os estudiosos de filosofia grega não pode ser subestimada.
La conversión de Terrence Malick: una visión del mundo traducida al cine
Authors: Alzola Cerero Pablo
Published: February 2021

El hecho de que el cineasta estadounidense Terrence Malick se dedicara durante unos años a la filosofía académica y tradujera al inglés el opúsculo De la esencia del fundamento de Martin Heidegger es tomado por algunos autores como clave interpretativa de su cine. Este artículo parte del concepto de mundo del filósofo alemán, tema central del citado opúsculo, y sus presuntas influencias en la filmografía del director con el objetivo de poner en duda esta afinidad y sugerir, en cambio, la hipótesis de que las películas de Malick están alentadas por una visión del mundo de raíces cristianas. La probabilidad de esta hipótesis será mostrada por una vía negativa, detectando algunas carencias de los estudios que vinculan a Heidegger con Malick, y por una positiva, analizando el significado de sus filmes desde la experiencia de conversión religiosa que estos parecen suscitar en los espectadores.
Introducción
Authors: Higuera Rubio José , Ramis Barceló Rafael
Published: February 2021

El 10 de octubre de 2016 se celebró, en la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad Complutense, un encuentro titulado Ramón enseñó en público su Arte - Raimundus Artem suam publice legit. Coloquio 700 aniversario de Ramon Llull, auspiciado por el Departamento de Filosofía y Sociedad (UCM), y organizado por José Luis Villacañas y José Higuera Rubio.

En el marco de esa jornada, José Luis Villacañas sugirió la posibilidad de publicar los resultados de este encuentro en una entrega especial de la revista ASHF, y encargó a los editores del monográfico un estudio bibliográfico de la obra de Llull y de la historia del lulismo. Debido al gran número de compromisos asumidos durante el aniversario luliano (2015-2016) algunos de los participantes de aquella reunión postergaron su contribución. Por lo tanto, ofrecemos en este número especial los resultados del coloquio, enriquecidos con otras aportaciones que surgieron en el contexto del aniversario luliano celebrado en Santa fe de Bogotá durante la exposición bibliográfica que la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia dedicó a la figura de Llull y a las ediciones que conserva de su obra recogidas por las bibliotecas coloniales neogranadinas. La convergencia de estos trabajos y de sus autores ha tomado algún tiempo, percance agravado por las contingencias ocurridas el año anterior. Sin embargo, esperamos que este volumen permita al lector aproximarse tanto a la obra luliana como a su variada y prolongada recepción.
Antoni Bellver y el lulismo del siglo XVI
Authors: Ramis Barceló Rafael
Published: February 2021

Se contextualiza la figura del doctor Antoni Bellver, catedrático del Estudio General Luliano de Mallorca en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, y se interpreta su pensamiento especialmente a partir de una serie de fuentes manuscritas halladas en Roma. A través de ellas, se puede mostrar cómo Bellver quiso leer a Llull a partir del aristotelismo escolástico, y su oposición tanto al lulismo hermético de Cornelio Agrippa como al escoto-lulismo de Pere Daguí y sus discípulos. Asimismo se muestra la afinidad con las ideas de Vileta y de Dimas de Miguel, que buscaban una concordancia de Llull con las ideas de Platón, Aristóteles y los sabios de la antigüedad, de acuerdo con el pensamiento de Pico della Mirandola.
Ensayo Bibliográfico sobre los Estudios Lulianos (2008-2018)
Authors: Higuera Rubio José
Published: February 2021

Es difícil de sintetizar, en un breve espacio, la ingente producción de estudios lulianos enfocados sobre los aspectos filosóficos de la obra del polígrafo mallorquín. Sin embargo, existen algunos tópicos preponderantes alrededor de los cuales se ha desarrollado el trabajo de los especialistas. Dicha producción debe su consolidación, en los últimos años, a la edición crítica de las obras lulianas en latín y catalán, así como la traducción en otras lenguas modernas. Esto ha hecho crecer el interés en la Obra Luliana y en las posibilidades de estudiarla en comparación con el contexto intelectual en la que tuvo su origen. Se referirá la emergencia del género Companion en los estudios lulianos; la bibliografía en torno al diálogo interreligioso y el proyecto luliano de conversión universal, en la que estaban incluidas las comunidades académicas medievales; los estudios sobre la psicología del conocimiento; además de la disputa luliana contra el denominado “averroísmo” latino y el tratamiento de la figura de Ramon Llull como “laico”. También se indicará brevemente el aporte a estos estudios desde el otro lado del Atlántico. A manera de conclusión, se indicarán ciertas investigaciones que podrían ampliar la perspectiva de los estudios lulianos, ya que indican las consecuencias de una investigación comparativa de la obra luliana dentro del contexto medieval.
El efecto de los nnuevos medios digitales del "Diario del Pueblo" para la cobertura informativa de la COVID-19
Authors: Qian Gong
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo nos adentramos en el efecto de los nuevos medios digitales del Diario del Pueblo, uno de los diez periódicos más conocidos del mundo, ante la COVID-19. Los nuevos medios, gracias a las ventajas distintivas, desempeñan un papel insustituible en la cobertura informativa de la emergencia sanitaria pública. Frente a esta crisis, los tres nuevos medios (Microblog, Wechat, Douyin ) del Diario del Pueblo realizaron las funciones de los medios de comunicación a través de los informes diferenciados según las características de plataformas y las preferencias de audiencias. El artículo busca presentar y analizar cómo integrar orgánicamente los nuevos medios digitales del Diario del Pueblo para el efecto de transmisión óptima en la sociedad china ante la pandemia de la COVID-19 con base en la recopilación de datos y el análisis de estadísticas.