bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cortical and Trabecular Bone Benefits of Mechanical Loading Are Maintained Long Term in Mice Independent of Ovariectomy
Authors: Warden Stuart J , Galley Matthew R , Hurd Andrea L , Richard Jeffrey S , George Lydia A , Guildenbecher Elizabeth A , Barker Rick G , Fuchs Robyn K
Published: November 2013

Skeletal loading enhances cortical and trabecular bone properties. How long these benefits last after loading cessation remains an unresolved, clinically relevant question. This study investigated long-term maintenance of loading-induced cortical and trabecular bone benefits in female C57BL/6 mice and the influence of a surgically induced menopause on the maintenance. Sixteen-week-old animals had their right tibia extrinsically loaded 3 days/week for 4 weeks using the mouse tibial axial compression loading model. Left tibias were not loaded and served as internal controls. Animals were subsequently detrained (restricted to cage activities) for 0, 4, 8, 26, or 52 weeks, with ovariectomy (OVX) or sham-OVX surgery being performed at 0 weeks detraining. Loading increased midshaft tibia cortical bone mass, size, and strength, and proximal tibia bone volume fraction. The cortical bone mass, area, and thickness benefits of loading were lost by 26 weeks of detraining because of heightened medullary expansion. However, loading-induced benefits on bone total area and strength were maintained at each detraining time point. Similarly, the benefits of loading on bone volume fraction persisted at all detraining time points. The long-term benefits of loading on both cortical and trabecular bone were not influenced by a surgically induced menopause because there were no interactions between loading and surgery. However, OVX had independent effects on cortical bone properties at early (4 and 8 weeks) detraining time points and trabecular bone properties at all detraining time points. These cumulative data indicate loading has long-term benefits on cortical bone size and strength (but not mass) and trabecular bone morphology, which are not influenced by a surgically induced menopause. This suggests skeletal loading associated with physical activity may provide long-term benefits by preparing the skeleton to offset both the cortical and trabecular bone changes associated with aging and menopause. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Flow‐Through Potentiometric Sensors for Alizarin Red S Dye and Their Application for Aluminum Determination
Authors: Hassan Saad S. M. , Kamel Ayman H. , El‐Naby Heba Abd
Published: November 2013

Novel selective and sensitive poly (vinyl chloride) membrane sensors are developed for measuring alizarin red S (AR) based on the use of aliquate 336, MgIIphthalocyanine (MgPc), CuIIphthalocyanine (CuPc) and FeII phthalocyanine (FePc) plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) membrane. The sensors display Nernestian response with slopes of ‐50.6 ± 0.6 , ‐37.4 ± 0.5 , ‐37.7 ± 0.8 and ‐35.0 ± 0.7 mV decade−1 over the range of 5.2 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−2 mol L−1 for all of them and detection limits of 5.9 × 10−7, 1.9 × 10‐−6 2.3 × 10−6 and 1.9 × 10−6 mol L−1 for aliquate, MgPc, CuPc and FePc membrane based sensor, respectively. The sensors exhibit long life span, long term potential stability, high reproducibility, fast response and good discrimination ability towards alizarinate ion in comparison with many other anions. A tubular detector based on aliquate, MgPc, CuPc and FePc was further developed and coupled to a flow‐injection system for alizarin (AR) determination. Under optimized conditions, the linearity range is 1.0 × 10−5‐ 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1, with a slope of ‐52.1 ± 0.8, 20.9 ± 0.7, 23.6 ± 0.4 and 25 ± 1.1 mV decade−1 and a reproducibility of ± 0.8 mV (n = 6) for aliquate, MgPc, CuPc and FePc membrane based sensors, respectively. The sensor based on aliquate is further utilized for a potentiodynamic quantification of aluminum in sludge samples and deodorants. The buffered solution of alizarin was allowed to react in a flow system with aluminum. The calibration curve of Al was found to be linear over a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.8 and 1.0 ‐ 40 μg mL−1 with a slope = 16.9 (r2 = 0.993) and 1.76 (r2 = 0.994) mV (μg/mL)−1 and a detection limit of 0.08 and 0.5 μg mL−1 for 10−4 and 10−3 mol L−1 AR− as a carrier, respectively. The method was successfully used for determining aluminum in sludge samples and deodorants. The data agree fairly well the nominal values and with results obtain by continuous flow hydride generation inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method.
Update in hospital palliative care
Authors: Anderson Wendy G. , Flint Lynn A. , Horton Jay R. , Johnson Kimberly , Mourad Michelle , Sharpe Bradley A.
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Seriously ill patients frequently receive care in hospitals, and palliative care is a core competency for hospitalists. We aimed to summarize and critique recent research that has the potential to impact the clinical practice of palliative care in the hospital.

METHODS

We reviewed articles published between January 2012 and May 2013, identified through a hand‐search of leading journals and PubMed. The authors collectively selected 9 articles based on their scientific rigor and relevance to hospital practice. We review their findings, strengths, and limitations and make recommendations for practice.

RESULTS

Key findings include: indwelling pleural catheters and talc pleurodesis provide similar relief of dyspnea in patients with malignant pleural effusions; oxygen many not be needed to prevent dyspnea in many dying patients; docusate may not be needed in addition to sennosides to treat opioid‐induced constipation; atropine is no more effective than placebo in treating respiratory rattles in dying patients; many older adult survivors of in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are alive up to 1 year after discharge; observing CPR may decrease family post‐traumatic stress; surrogates of intensive care unit patients often interpret prognostic information optimistically; many patients with metastatic cancer feel that chemotherapy may cure their disease; viewing a goals‐of‐care video may decrease preference for CPR in patients being admitted to skilled nursing facilities.

CONCLUSIONS

Recent research provides important insights into the effectiveness of medications and interventions for symptom management, outcomes of CPR for patients and families, and communication and advance care planning in the hospital. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:715–720. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Response stratification and survival analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with intra‐arterial therapy using MR imaging‐based arterial enhancement fraction
Authors: Bonekamp Susanne , Bonekamp David , Geschwind Jean‐Francois H. , Corona‐Villalobos Celia Pamela , Reyes Diane K. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Kamel Ihab R.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility that arterial enhancement fraction (AEF) is associated with response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following intra‐arterial therapy (IAT) and to compare AEF response with currently used tumor response metrics.

Materials and Methods

The AEF, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), modified RECIST (mRECIST), and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) of the largest treated index lesion and AEF of the tumor‐free hepatic parenchyma was measured on representative axial images in 131 patients (108 male; mean age, 61.9 years). Clinical measures and patient survival were assessed. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and the COX proportional hazards model.

Results

After IAT, the mean AEF of the tumor decreased by 22% (66.7–44.8%, P < 0.0001), while the mean AEF of the tumor‐free parenchyma remained unchanged (27.2–26.5%, P = 0.50). Median survival of all 131 patients with liver cancer was 17 months. Patients were stratified into AEF‐responders if they had an AEF‐decrease ≥35% (AEF‐responders: n = 67; AEF‐nonresponders: n = 64). AEF‐responders survived longer than nonresponders (34.8 months versus 10.8 months, hazard ratio = 0.39; P < 0.0001). Responders according to RECIST, mRECIST, or EASL did not survive significantly longer compared with nonresponders.

Conclusion

Evaluating the AEF values based on tri‐phasic MRI is associated with tumor response in patients with unresectable HCC treated with IAT. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1103–1111. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid pulsatility in healthy individuals is affected by impaired cerebral venous outflow
Authors: Beggs Clive B. , Magnano Christopher , Shepherd Simon J. , Marr Karen , Valnarov Vesela , Hojnacki David , Bergsland Niels , Belov Pavel , Grisafi Steven , Dwyer Michael G. , Carl Ellen , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in the aqueduct of Sylvius (AoS) in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)‐positive and ‐negative healthy individuals using cine phase contrast imaging.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐one healthy individuals (32 CCSVI‐negative and 19 age‐matched CCSVI‐positive subjects) were examined using Doppler sonography (DS). Diagnosis of CCSVI was established if subjects fulfilled ≥2 venous hemodynamic criteria on DS. CSF flow and velocity measures were quantified using a semiautomated method and compared with clinical and routine 3T MRI outcomes.

Results

CCSVI was associated with increased CSF pulsatility in the AoS. Net positive CSF flow was 32% greater in the CCSVI‐positive group compared with the CCSVI‐negative group (P = 0.008). This was accompanied by a 28% increase in the mean aqueductal characteristic signal (ie, the AoS cross‐sectional area over the cardiac cycle) in the CCSVI‐positive group compared with the CCSVI‐negative group (P = 0.021).

Conclusion

CSF dynamics are altered in CCSVI‐positive healthy individuals, as demonstrated by increased pulsatility. This is accompanied by enlargement of the AoS, suggesting that structural changes may be occurring in the brain parenchyma of CCSVI‐positive healthy individuals.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1215–1222. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of infragenual arterial disease using non–contrast‐enhanced MR angiography in patients with diabetes
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Na , Fan Zhaoyang , Feng Fei , Yang Qi , Zheng Hairong , Liu Pengcheng , Li Debiao
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a newly developed non–contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (NCE‐MRA) technique using flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD) prepared steady‐state free precession (SSFP) for detecting calf arterial disease in patients with diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐five patients with diabetes who underwent routine contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) of lower extremities were recruited for NCE‐MRA at the calf on a 1.5 Tesla MR system. Image quality evaluated on a 4‐point scale and diagnostic performance for detecting more than 50% arterial stenosis were statistically analyzed, using CE‐MRA as the standard of reference.

Results

A total of 264 calf arterial segments were obtained in the 45 patients with 88 legs. The percentage of diagnostic arterial segments was all 98% for NCE‐ and CE‐MRA. The image quality, SNR, CNR was 3.3, 177, 138, and 3.5, 103, 99, for NCE‐MRA and CE‐MRA, respectively. The average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of NCE‐MRA were 97%, 96%, 90%, 99%, and 96%, respectively on a per‐segment basis and 90%, 84%, 82%, 91%, and 87%, respectively, on a per‐patients basis.

Conclusion

The NCE‐MRA technique demonstrates adequate image quality in the delineation of calf arteries and consistent diagnostic performance for detecting significant stenosis with CE‐MRA in patients with diabetes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1422–1429. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long axis strain by MRI and echocardiography in a postmyocardial infarct population
Authors: Gjesdal Ola , Almeida André L.C. , Hopp Einar , Beitnes Jan Otto , Lunde Ketil , Smith Hans‐Jørgen , Lima Joáo A.C. , Edvardsen Thor
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To compare long axis strain (LAS) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography in a postinfarct patient population. Long axis left ventricle (LV) function is a sensitive index of incipient heart failure by echocardiography, but is less well established in MRI. LAS is an index of global LV function, which is easily assessed in cine loops provided by most cardiac MRI protocols.

Materials and Methods

In all, 116 patients (57 ± 9 years) were studied the same day using echocardiography and MRI 7.4 ± 4.1 months after a first myocardial infarction. LV length was measured in end diastole and end systole in conventional cine images with a temporal resolution of 50 msec or less, and LAS (%) was calculated as the change in LV length, relative to end diastole. Infarct mass was assessed by contrast‐enhanced MRI.

Results

LAS was progressively reduced in patients with larger infarcts, and demonstrated good correlations with infarct mass (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). There was a good agreement between LAS assessed by echocardiography and MRI (r = 0.77, P < 0.01), and between LAS by MRI and speckle tracking strain by echocardiography (r = 0.74, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

LAS is an index that allows measurement of LV long axis function by conventional cine MRI.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1247–1251. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A combined mass spectrometry strategy for complete posttranslational modification mapping of Neisseria meningitidis major pilin
Authors: Gault Joseph , Malosse Christian , Duménil Guillaume , Chamot‐Rooke Julia
Published: November 2013

Herein, we report a new approach, based on the combination of mass profiling and tandem mass spectrometry, to address the issue of localising all post‐translational modifications (PTMs) on the major pilin protein PiIE expressed by the pathogenic Neisseria species. PilE is the main component of type IV pili; filamentous organelles expressed at the surface of many bacterial pathogens and important virulence factors. Previous reports have shown that PilE can harbour various combinations of PTMs and have established strong links between PTM and pathogenesis. Complete PTM mapping of proteins involved in bacterial infection is therefore highly desirable. The methodology we propose here allowed us to fully characterise the PilE proteoforms of Neisseria meningitidis strain 8013, definitively identifying all PTMs present on all proteoforms and localising their position on the protein backbone. These modifications include a processed and methylated N‐terminus, disulfide bridge, glycosylation and glycerophosphorylation at two different sites. A key element of our approach is high resolution, intact mass measurement of the proteoforms, a piece of information completely lacking in all classical bottom–up proteomics strategies used for PTM analysis and without which it is difficult to ensure complete PTM mapping. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serological cross reactivity to CMV and EBV causes problems in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus infection
Authors: Hyams Catherine , Mabayoje Diana A. , Copping Ruth , Maranao Desmond , Patel Mauli , Labbett Wendy , Haque Tanzina , Webster Daniel P.
Published: November 2013

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important public health concern as a major cause of enterically‐transmitted hepatitis worldwide. The detectable window of viraemia is narrow, and HEV IgM and IgG rise simultaneously in acute infection. Furthermore, previous investigators have shown HEV IgM false positive reactions occur against EBV, CMV and potentially hepatitis A. A retrospective analysis of HEV serology testing was performed at a London tertiary referral hospital over a 3‐year period. A thousand four hundred and twenty three serum samples were tested for HEV serology, with 33 samples HEV IgM positive and 28 HEV IgM equivocal. One hundred and eleven samples were HEV IgG positive but IgM negative suggesting past infection. No patients with HEV IgM positivity had false positive reactions against hepatitis A. A high degree of EBV and CMV cross reactivity was noted, with 33.3% and 24.2% of HEV IgM positive samples also testing positive for EBV and CMV IgM, respectively. HEV RNA was detected in four HEV IgM positive samples, indicating true positivity, although three demonstrated cross reactivity against EBV. Only 13.3% of samples with positive HEV IgM were HEV PCR positive, highlighting a low positive predictive value of serology testing. Overall a high level of HEV, EBV and CMV IgM cross reactivity was demonstrated, indicating that serology is unreliable in the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. It is concluded that that the diagnosis of viral hepatitis should be based on clinical features, raised transaminases, serology, and confirmatory PCR testing. J. Med. Virol. 86:478–483, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibodies against avian‐like A (H1N1) swine influenza virus among swine farm residents in eastern China
Authors: Yin Xiuchen , Yin Xin , Rao Baizhong , Xie Chunfang , Zhang Pengchao , Qi Xian , Wei Ping , Liu Huili
Published: November 2013

In 2007, the avian‐like H1N1 virus (A/swine/Zhejiang/1/07) was first isolated in pigs in China. Recently, it was reported that a 3‐year‐old boy was infected with avian‐like A (H1N1) swine influenza virus (SIV) in Jiangsu Province, China. To investigate the prevalence of avian‐like A (H1N1) SIV infection among swine farm residents in eastern China, an active influenza surveillance program was conducted on swine farms in this region from May 21, 2010 through April 22, 2012. A total of 1,162 participants were enrolled, including 1,136 persons from 48 pig farms, as well as 26 pig farm veterinarians. A total of 10.7% and 7.8% swine farm residents were positive for antibodies against avian‐like A (H1N1) SIV by HI and NT assay, respectively, using 40 as the cut‐off antibody titer. Meanwhile, all the serum samples collected from a control of healthy city residents were negative against avian‐like A (H1N1) SIV. As the difference in numbers of antibody positive samples between the swine farm residents and health city residents controls was statistically significant (P = 0.002), these data suggest that occupational exposure to pigs may increase swine farm residents' and veterinarians' risk of avian‐like A (H1N1) SIV infection in eastern China. This study provides the first data on avian‐like A (H1N1) SIV infections in humans in China; the potential for avian‐like A (H1N1) SIV entering the human population should also be taken into consideration. J. Med. Virol. 86:592–596, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An experiment in intra‐seasonal agricultural drought monitoring and early warning in the Sudano‐Sahelian Belt of Nigeria
Authors: Usman M. T. , AbdulKadir A.
Published: November 2013

The highly variable rainfall and recurring drought in dry sub‐humid and semi‐arid regions constitute a major socio‐economic problem that influences people's livelihoods. Agricultural drought is the most common of all drought types and is the most challenging to track and forecast owing to its ease of occurrence and impact on socio‐economic sustainability. In Nigeria as is the case in large parts of sub‐Saharan Africa, drought frequency, intensity and effect have dominated the literature since the great Sahelian drought of the late 1960s and early 1970s. This study proposes a simple drought monitoring and early warning (EW) methodology based on an experiment over Kano, Nigeria, hinged on an Intra‐seasonal Rainfall Monitoring Index (IRMI, Usman and Abdulkadir, 2012) determined for each pentad, using daily rainfall totals for a period of 30 years. The onset dates and drought intensity levels were used to define EW statements at three levels: advisory, alert and emergency. An experimental application of the scheme identified and detected late initiation conditions of real monsoon onset (RMO) in those seasons that eventually witnessed disastrous rainfall situations. Generally, the result reveals that the years between 1970 and 1990 over Kano, Nigeria, which ended as years of severe drought or worse, showed enough signals of poor rainfall distribution (deficient moisture) at the beginning for the scheme to have enabled a very high degree of forecast accuracy. It is concluded that strict monitoring of the rainfall regime especially during its onset phase is capable of revealing danger signals in the rainfall regime early enough to enable mitigation. Such mitigation is critical for the management of agricultural productivity in the predominantly rainfall‐dependent farming systems in the Sudan‐Sahel zone as confirmed by earlier studies.
A novel method for beef potentiator preparation and identification of its characteristic aroma compounds
Authors: Gao Xianli , Yan Shuang , Yang Bao , Lu Jian , Jin Zhao
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Beef potentiator (BP) is the most popular savoury flavour and regarded as the soul of the modern food industry. In this work, BP was prepared by a novel method with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger (BPSF). Three other BPs prepared using commercial enzymes (Protamex, Flavourzyme and papain; BPCEs) were used as controls to investigate its aroma characteristics and related compounds.

RESULTS

Sensory evaluation showed that BPSF possessed more favourable and distinctive sauce‐like, meat‐like, roast and alcoholic attributes when compared with BPCEs. Significantly higher contents (peak areas) and proportions of pyrazines, pyrroles, sulfurous compounds and alcohols in BPSF were responsible for its sensory characteristics, and most of these aroma compounds were derived from microbial metabolism during beef koji preparation and the Maillard reaction.

CONCLUSION

BP prepared by synergistic fermentation with A. oryzae and A. niger is a potential alternative for BP preparation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic assessment of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions by peroxidase gene‐based markers
Authors: Nemli Seda , Kaya Hilal Betul , Tanyolac Bahattin
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Peroxidase, a plant‐specific oxidoreductase, is a heme‐containing glycoprotein encoded by a large multigenic family in plants. Plant peroxidases (POXs, EC 1.11.1.7) play important roles in many self‐defense interactions in plants. Here, 67 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were studied using a POX gene‐based marker method. Comparison of POX genes could resolve evolutionary relationships in common bean.

RESULTS

Eighty fragments were obtained with 20 primer pairs that amplified one (POX8c) to eight (ATP29) bands, with a mean of four bands per primer pair. The average (polymorphic information content) PIC value for the POX products was 0.40. The maximum variation (93%) was found between Turkey (#33) and India (#52) and between Antalya (#33) and India (#53). The minimum variation (0%) was found among four pairs: Bozdag (#2) and Karadeniz (#38), Kirklareli (#11) and Turkey (#15, 16, 43), Bandirma (#13) and Turkey (#15, 16, 43), and Kirklareli (#10) and Bandirma (#22). UPGMA was used to discriminate the common bean genotypes into five clusters, while STRUCTURE software was used to investigate the genetic population structure.

CONCLUSION

The results showed that POX gene family markers can be used to study genotypic diversity and provide new information for breeding programs and common bean improvement practices. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics and Efficiency of a Methyl‐Carboxylated 5‐Fluorouracil‐Bovine Serum Albumin Adduct for Targeted Delivery
Authors: Koziol Michael J. , Sievers Torsten K. , Smuda Kathrin , Xiong Yu , Müller Angelika , Wojcik Felix , Steffen Axel , Dathe Margitta , Georgieva Radostina , Bäumler Hans
Published: November 2013

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a clinically well‐established anti‐cancer drug effectively applied in chemotherapy, mainly for the treatment of breast and colorectal cancer. Substantial disadvantages are adverse effects, arising from serious damage of healthy tissues, and shortcoming pharmacokinetics due to its low molecular weight. A promising approach for improvement of such drugs is their coupling to suitable carriers. Here, a 5‐FU adduct, 5‐fluorouracil acetate (FUAc) is synthesized and covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model carrier molecule. On average, 12 molecules FUAc are bound to one BSA. Circular dichriosm (CD)‐spectra of BSA and FUAc‐BSA are identical, suggesting no significant conformational differences. FUAc‐BSA is tested on T‐47D and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Proliferation inhibition of membrane albumin‐binding protein (mABP)‐expressing T‐47D cells by FUAc‐BSA is similar to that of 5‐FU and only moderate for MDA‐MB‐231 cells that lack such expression. Therefore, a crucial role of mABP expression in effective cell growth inhibition by FUAc‐BSA is assumed.
Preparation of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays on titanium mesh by anodization in (NH4)2SO4/NH4F electrolyte
Authors: Zeng Q.‐Y. , Xi M. , Xu W. , Li X.‐J.
Published: November 2013

The self‐organized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays on titanium mesh were prepared by electrochemical anodization with the neutral electrolyte containing ammonium sulfate and ammonium fluoride in a two‐electrode electrochemical cell. The effects of the fluoride ion concentration, the anodic potential, and the oxidation time on the formation of the titanium dioxide nanostructures on titanium mesh with complex geometry were investigated. The anodized titanium mesh was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and in situ high temperature X‐ray diffraction. The results show that the titanium dioxide nanotube arrays are grown in a radially outward direction around the titanium wire. The optimized anodization condition for preparing titanium dioxide nanotube arrays with superior architecture on the titanium mesh is 0.5 wt% of ammonium fluoride, 20 V of applied potential, and 20 min of oxidation time. The amorphous titanium dioxide nanotubes on titanium mesh turn to anatase phase at 400 °C and further to rutile phase at 650 °C.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Directional Binding of Anisotropic Biohybrid Microparticles for Multiplexed Biosensing
Authors: Jung Chan Woo , Jalani Ghulam , Ko Juhui , Choo Jaebum , Lim Dong Woo
Published: November 2013

Anisotropic microarchitectures with different physicochemical properties have been developed as advanced materials for challenging industrial and biomedical applications including switchable displays, multiplexed biosensors and bioassays, spatially‐controlled drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, anisotropic biohybrid microparticles (MPs) spatio‐selectively conjugated with two different antibodies (Abs) are first developed for fluorescence‐based, multiplexed sensing of biological molecules. Poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) is chemically modified with maleimide‐ or acetylene groups to introduce different targeting biological moieties into each compartment of anisotropic MPs. Modified polymer solutions containing two different fluorescent dyes are separately used for electrohydrodynamic co‐jetting with side‐by‐side needle geometry. The anisotropic MPs are chemically stabilized by thermal imidization, followed by bioconjugation of two different sets of polyclonal Abs with two individual compartments via maleimide‐thiol coupling reaction and Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. Finally, two compartments of the anisotropic biohybrid MPs are spatio‐selectively associated with the respective monoclonal Ab‐immobilized substrate in the presence of the antigen by sandwich‐type immunocomplex formation, resulting in their ordered orientation due to the spatio‐specific molecular interaction, as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In conclusion, anisotropic biohybrid MPs capable of directional binding have great potential as a new fluorescence‐based multiplexing biosensing system.

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3‐Methylflavones characterization revisited: complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data
Authors: Rocha Djenisa H. A. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Seixas Raquel S. G. R. , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: November 2013

Ten 3‐methylflavone derivatives were studied. Previously reported NMR data of some derivatives were corrected and/or completed, including the complete assignment of the two known natural derivatives. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments were achieved by combination of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stratification of treatment intensity in relapsed pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Harker‐Murray Paul D. , Drachtman Richard A. , Hodgson David C. , Chauvenet Allen Russell , Kelly Kara M. , Cole Peter David
Published: November 2013

Risk‐adapted, response‐based therapies for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma have resulted in 5‐year survival exceeding 90%. Although high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) are considered standard for most patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, a subset of children with low risk relapse do not require AHSCT for cure. Currently there are no widely accepted criteria defining who should receive standard dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, nor is there a standardized treatment regimen. We propose a risk‐stratified, response‐based algorithm for children with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma that is based on a critical appraisal of published outcomes and prognostic factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:579–586. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphorylated gelatin to enhance cell adhesion to titanium
Authors: Park Shin‐Hye , Zhu Liping , Tada Seiichi , Obuse Sei , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Nakamura Mariko , Son Tae Il , Tsuneda Satoshi , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: November 2013

Phosphorylated gelatin was prepared for surface modification of titanium to enhance cell attachment. The modified gelatin was synthesized by coupling gelatin with phosphonobutyric acid with water‐soluble carbodiimide. Circular dichroism revealed no significant change in the gelatin as a result of phosphorylation. The binding behavior of phosphorylated gelatin on the titanium surface was observed by quartz crystal microbalance. The modified titanium surface was analyzed by measuring the water contact angle. Enhancement of the attachment of osteoblast cells MC‐3T3L1 was observed on the phosphorylated‐gelatin‐modified titanium. Phosphorylation of gelatin was effective for preparation of a cell‐adhesive titanium surface. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrogel‐mediated formation of living cartilage template for endochondral initiation
Authors: Lau Ting Ting , Neo Jing Rui Evelyn , Wang Dong‐An
Published: November 2013

The use of hydrogel in cartilage tissue engineering is especially popular due to its high hydrophilic property which is similar to native cartilage matrix. Alginate hydrogel was used as a transient scaffold material to facilitate chondrocyte proliferation into a three‐dimensional scaffold‐free living hyaline cartilaginous graft (LhCG). As LhCG is purely cell‐based and has a marked resemblance to native hyaline cartilage, it served as an excellent in vitro platform for studying the endochondral ossification pathway. Due to the complexity of events involved throughout endochondral ossification, this study only focuses on early stages of the process where it involves chondrocyte hypertrophy and blood vessel invasion. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were selected as the target cells for possible endothelialization in the LhCG template. They were seeded onto the LhCG construct and subjected to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. Results suggested that VEGF is indeed a potent driving force for initiation of the endochondral pathway. It alone is sufficient to induce hypertrophy in chondrocytes and the corresponding expression of osteogenic genes with or without the presence of HUVECs in the LhCG template. On the other hand, the effect of HUVECs in the LhCG system was less evident. It is hypothesized that this is attributed to the preservation of anti‐angiogenic properties in primary chondrocytes from the LhCG construct, inhibiting HUVECs from endothelialization in the LhCG+HUVEC construct. Based on the outcome from this study, it is recommended that hypertrophy in chondrocytes should be induced prior to endothelial cell introduction so that the microenvironment will be altered to favor angiogenesis within the cartilaginous template. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Flame‐retardant materials: synergistic effect of halloysite nanotubes on the flammability properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene composites
Authors: Attia Nour F , Hassan Mohamed A , Nour Mohamed A , Geckeler Kurt E
Published: November 2013

Novel well‐dispersed nanocomposites of halloysite nanotubes and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene were prepared. The fire retardancy and thermal stability of these new nanocomposites were improved. A synergistic effect was observed between the halloysite nanotubes and an intumescent flame‐retardant system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and pentaerythritol in the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene composites. The incorporation of the intumescent flame‐retardant material into the halloysite–polymer nanocomposite system also improved the thermal stability and reduced the peak heat release rate by up to 56.2%, and it significantly reduced the emission of CO and CO2 gases. The morphology and dispersion of the halloysite nanotubes were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability and flammability properties were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter tests. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A Correlative Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles Internalized by A549 Cells
Authors: Böse Katharina , Koch Marcus , Cavelius Christian , Kiemer Alexandra K. , Kraegeloh Annette
Published: November 2013

Fluorescently labeled nanoparticles are widely used to investigate nanoparticle cell interactions by fluorescence microscopy. Owing to limited lateral and axial resolution, nanostructures (<100 nm) cannot be resolved by conventional light micro­scopy techniques. Especially after uptake into cells, a common fate of the fluorescence label and the particle core cannot be taken for granted. In this study, a correlative approach is presented to image fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles inside whole cells by correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). This approach allows for detection of the fluorescently labeled particle shell as well as for the gold core in one sample. In this setup, A549 cells are exposed to 8 nm Atto 647N‐labeled gold nanoparticles (3.3 × 109 particles mL−1, 0.02 μg Au mL−1) for 5 h and are subsequently imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Eight fluorescence signals located at different intracellular positions are further analyzed by TEM. Five of the eight fluorescence spots are correlated with isolated or agglomerated gold nanoparticles. Three fluorescence signals could not be related to the presence of gold, indicating a loss of the particle shell.
Impacts of initial vortex size and planetary vorticity on tropical cyclone size
Authors: Chan Kelvin T. F. , Chan Johnny C. L.
Published: November 2013

This is a numerical modelling study to understand how the initial vortex size, which is defined as the azimuthally averaged radius from the tropical cyclone (TC) centre of the 10 m 17 m s−1 wind, and planetary vorticity (f) influence TC size change. Results from 16 f‐plane experiments in a quiescent environment suggest that both of them are important in determining TC size change.

With a given initial intensity and on the same f‐plane, an initially larger TC generally has a larger size at a later stage because it has a larger horizontal wind extent and higher winds outside the inner core. The larger vortex therefore possesses higher angular momentum (AM) in the lower troposphere to increase its size in the outer‐core region through AM transport. However, an initially small TC may not be ‘destined’ to be small during its lifetime, which agrees with the observation that TC size has a positive relationship with TC lifetime. In addition, a vortex can apparently grow by itself in a resting environment through fluxes of AM. A vortex at a higher latitude is also found to be not necessarily larger. Furthermore, size change is controlled to some extent by the lower‐tropospheric inertial stability associated with the vortex. Consistent with observations, TC size appears to have a maximum at some optimum latitudinal region (∼ 25°N in general).

All the results agree well with the AM transport concept such that the outer‐core symmetric relative AM flux and Coriolis torque in the lower troposphere (especially those at the boundary layer) are important factors that govern size change.
Paper No 2.2: Circularly Polarised Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Conventional Light‐Emitting Polymers and a Chiral Small‐Molecule Dopant
Authors: Yang Ying , Campbell Alasdair J. , da Costa Rosenildo Correa , Fuchter Matthew J.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we describe the simple doping of a conventional light‐emitting polymer with a helically chiral aromatic small molecule. This results in morphologically distinct thin films with circularly polarised (CP) polymer photoluminescence and electroluminescence. The sign of the CP emission is directly determined by the handedness of the dopant. Importantly, this strategy is suitable for the simple fabrication from solution of CP organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Such devices have application as the backlights in liquid crystal displays and the pixels in three‐dimensional AMOLEDs, increasing display simplicity, efficiency and lifetime.
Paper No P1: 3D Picture Quality Improvement by Compensating Luminance Uniformity Degradation in Multiview Autostereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Lee Yonguk , Lee Hyotae , Hwangbo Sangkyu , Kim Haktae , Woo Jongjin , Park Sanghee
Published: November 2013

In this research, we propose a method to improve 3D picture quality by compensating uniformity degradation of the output luminance in the autostereoscopic 3D display. This paper provides the analysis of the effect of uniformity degradation that affects 3D image quality and the compensation method that corrects view indices on the view map. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Paper No P36: Optimization of H2O Annealing for High‐Performance Low‐Temperature Solution‐Processed Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Soo , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Han Min‐Koo , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Kwon Jang‐Yeon
Published: November 2013

We fabricated 350°C low temperature solution‐processed zinc tin oxide thin film transistors by employing H2O wet annealing, which is considerably lower than widely used 500°C. We have optimized 350°C H2O wet annealing condition to achieve good electrical characteristics such as threshold voltage and saturation mobility.
Paper No P23: Distribution of Dye Molecules Orientation in Photoaligning Layer Versus Incidence Angle of Polarized Light Beam
Authors: Barabanova N. N. , Belyaev V. V. , Bogdanov D. L. , Bugrimov A. L. , Dadivanyan A. K. , Chigrinov V. G.
Published: November 2013

A mechanism of dyes molecules orientation by laser radiation is proposed that takes into account anisotropy of molecular optical polarizability. A dependence of dye molecules energy on polarizability anisotropy, order parameter, quantity of molecules in a cluster, strength of light wave electrical field, light beam incidence angle is derived.
Paper No P17: A Spherically Shaped Display for Use as an Artificial Iris
Authors: De Smet J. , De Backer P. , Islamaj E. , Joshi P. , Cuypers D. , De Smet H.
Published: November 2013

An artificial iris utilizing a spherically shaped liquid crystal cell filled with a guest–host mixture is presented. By patterning the cell in concentric circles, the opening and closing of an iris can be mimicked. A practical implementation of the artificial iris is described and remaining problems are listed.
Paper No P24: New Concept for the Design, Synthesis, and Application of Nanostructured Anisotropic Materials and Conductive and Alignment Coatings for High‐Efficient Displays and Photonic Devices
Authors: Bezborodov V. , Mikhalyonok S. , Zharski I. , Dormeshkin O. , Smirnov A. , Stsiapanau A.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we describe the new concept of design, synthesis, and application of nanostructured anisotropic materials and conductive and alignment coatings for high efficient displays and photonic devices. It is based on the original combination of anisotropic and nanostructured materials, conductive and alignment coatings, and includes the design and synthesis of new anisotropic materials and the preparation of novel conductive and alignment coatings.
Paper No P25: Viewing‐Angle Analysis of Novel Four‐Domain Advanced Super Dimensional Switching Mode LCD
Authors: Qin Guangkui , Suzuki Teruaki , Yang Yafeng , Kim Kiman , Kashima Miki , Gu Xin , Yao Jikai , You Jaegeon
Published: November 2013

We proposed a novel four‐domain structure for IPS/FFS mode LCD. It is based on a combination of formerly reported two kinds of two‐domain structures. Through two‐dimensional simulation study, we found that our novel design gives super‐symmetric viewing‐angle properties.
Paper No P30: Heterogeneous Plated Metals for Display Elements and Technologies of High Reliability
Authors: Kurmashev V. I. , Timoshkov I. V. , Timoshkov V. I. , Sakova A. A.
Published: November 2013

This article describes the application of advanced technologies for up‐to‐date display systems. A method for manufacturing of holographic films with high runability for roll‐to‐roll technology is considered. The way for improving the properties of the filters, optical phase retarders, wave plates and other using nanotrench filling technology is proposed. The use of nanocomposite materials for microelectromechanical systems of high reliability and their application to improve the mechanical properties of movable micromirror arrays, switches, microactuators are investigated.
Paper No 3.1: A Contact Lens With Built‐In Display: Science Fiction or Not?
Authors: De Smet Herbert , De Smet Jelle , Cuypers Dieter , Weng Ching‐Pao , Joshi Pankaj
Published: November 2013

Recent progress in microsystems integration technology such as ultra‐thin chip packaging, stretchable interconnections, thin‐film batteries and organic photovoltaics makes it feasible to incorporate various electronic components and transducers in extremely confined spaces and inside flexible or conformable objects. Can this ultimately lead to a genuine display in a contact lens? The major outstanding issues are reviewed.
Paper No P31: Optoelectronic Properties of MEH‐PPV Thin Films Influenced by their Thickness
Authors: Urbanek Pavel , Kuritka Ivo , Krcmar Petr , Maslik Jan
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the influence of thickness on the optoelectrical properties of poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexoxy)‐1,4‐phenyle‐ne‐vinylene) is discussed. The main goal of our measurements was to describe the relationship between thickness of films and their optoelectrical properties. We discovered that there is always certain minimum film thickness needed for development of conformational structure and for changes in optoelectrical behavior.
Paper No P27: Features of Polarization Diffraction Gratings Switching Under the Influence of Bipolar Electric Pulses
Authors: Margaryan H.L. , Hovhannisyan D.L. , Hakobyan N.H. , Abrahamyan V.K. , Sargsyan T.K. , Movsisyan A.M.
Published: November 2013

The diffraction efficiency dynamics of planar‐planar periodic liquid crystal structure under the influence of quasistatic (1 kHz), as well as pulse electric fields is studied. In quasistatic control mode ±1 diffraction orders are observed in the voltage absence, and at the electric field switching on the diffraction disappears, that is, only zero order is observed. In contrast to the quasistatic control mode, under the influence of single bipolar electric pulses the increase in diffraction efficiency is observed in ±1 order, and at that the zero order is absent. The dependence of diffraction efficiency on the control pulses repetition frequency and amplitude is also studied. The results of these investigations can find application in displays development.
Paper No P28: The Enhancement of Outdoor Contrast for Industrial AM LCDs
Authors: Stsiapanau A. , Berezovik M. , Astaf'ev V. , Poznyak P. , Smirnov A. , Pasynkov A.
Published: November 2013

In this presentation, we will report on the theoretical simulation of optical parameters and characteristics and experimental investigation of AM LCDs under high ambient illumination. We will discuss the possibility of improving the quality of an AM LCD compared to well‐known methods such as attaching a glass with antireflective coating (AR‐glass) to the front of an LCD. Some practical advises how to increase the outdoor contrast and other parameters will be also discussed.
Paper No P12: Wide Gamut LED Lamps for High‐Brightness AMLCD Backlighting
Authors: Soschin Nahum , Ulasyuk Vladimir , Bolshukhin Vladimir
Published: November 2013

The novel backlight lamps prototype based on use of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with remote photo luminescent converter is investigated. The technology utilizing remote photo luminescent converter with composite high efficiency phosphors provides a suitable solution for high brightness active matrix liquid crystal display and general white LED lighting.
Paper No P32: Synthesis and Characterization of a Solution‐Processable Hybrid Organic–Inorganic High‐k Dielectric for Low‐Voltage OFET Applications
Authors: Verrelli E. , Kemp N. , O'Neill M. , Cheng F. , Alharti F. A. , Kelly S. M.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we describe preliminary steps in a new approach to make dielectric materials for low voltage monodomain organic field effect transistors to be used in backpanels for displays. A hybrid organic‐inorganic high‐k dielectric material based on oleic acid stabilized titanium oxide nanorods is synthesized and used to fabricate crossbar metal‐insulator‐metal capacitors in order to measure the dielectric properties of the hybrid dielectric. The hybrid dielectric has a high dielectric constant, of ∼8.1. A low parallel resistance is included in a model to explain the lossy behavior of the capacitors at frequencies below 1 kHz. Transistor characteristics and progress toward formation of a monodomain semiconductor will be presented.
Paper No P34: Optical Properties and Structure of HDPCVD Silicon Dioxide
Authors: Yasunas Aleksandr , Kovalchyk Natalia , Komar Olga , Radzionay Uriy , Kotov Dmitry , Shiripov Vladimir
Published: November 2013

Silicon dioxide layers are widely used for imparting the required optical properties to the multilayer displays' coatings, as well as for electrical insulation and passivation of the LEDs active structure. The oxide film being formed should be dense and conformally fill the developed LED structure surface, at the same time there are often limits on the maximum operating temperature of the deposition process. It is possible to ensure the implementation of all these requirements by using the method of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in high‐density plasma (HDP CVD). This method reveals the advantages of CVD methods over the PVD (physical vapor deposition) methods in the fullest measure. The experimental results on the silicon dioxide films formation on glass and silicon substrates by HDPCVD method are presented in this work. The dependence of the film refractive index and its structural characteristics change on the technical process characteristics are represented here.