bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric analysis and visualization of Islamic economics and finance articles indexed in Scopus by Indonesian authors
Authors: Handoko Luqman Hakim
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the bibliometric characteristics and trends of articles on Islamic economics and finance (IEF) indexed in Scopus by Indonesian authors.Methods: Data were retrieved from the Scopus database. Articles were searched in June 2020 with the limitation of Indonesian authors or affiliation. The keywords used in this study included IEF, and variations thereof, with the search filtered by Indonesian affiliation. Simple statistical methods were used, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software. This study visualized patterns of the co-occurrence of keywords, citations of documents, co-citation relationships, and bibliographic coupling.Results: The number of studies in the field of IEF increased in recent years. Articles on IEF have been published in more than 150 journals, among which the most popular was Talent Development and Excellence. Collaboration among authors reached 33 countries, most prominently Malaysia. Certain keywords, such as halal tourism, zakat, and Islamic microfinance, have become the most popular in the last few years. The bibliometric analysis showed that 24 documents had the largest citation relationship, 52 journals had the largest co-citation network, and 172 documents had the largest bibliographic coupling relationship.Conclusion: Research in the field of IEF by Indonesian authors has increased rapidly, with extensive collaboration. Halal tourism is among the most popular research topics in the last few years and is a prospective topic for future research. Moreover, the results showed that sources on IEF were widely used as references.
3D virtual pathohistology of lung tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase contrast X-ray tomography
Authors: Eckermann Marina , Frohn Jasper , Reichardt Marius , Osterhoff Markus , Sprung Michael , Westermeier Fabian , Tzankov Alexandar , Werlein Christopher , Kühnel Mark , Jonigk Danny , Salditt Tim
Published: August 2020

We present a three-dimensional (3D) approach for virtual histology and histopathology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a tool to unravel the pathophysiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for full quantification of tissue remodeling. By combining parallel and cone beam geometry, autopsy samples with a maximum cross section of 8 mm are scanned and reconstructed at a resolution and image quality, which allows for the segmentation of individual cells. Using the zoom capability of the cone beam geometry, regions-of-interest are reconstructed with a minimum voxel size of 167 nm. We exemplify the capability of this approach by 3D visualization of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with its prominent hyaline membrane formation, by mapping the 3D distribution and density of lymphocytes infiltrating the tissue, and by providing histograms of characteristic distances from tissue interior to the closest air compartment.
Graphdiyne Oxide‐Based High‐Performance Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–MnO2 Battery
Authors: Li Jiaofu , Chen Yanhuan , Guo Jie , Wang Fuhui , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang
Published: August 2020

Designing materials and architectures for improving the performance of rechargeable aqueous Zn–MnO2 battery has gained extensive interest. The main challenge is to retain high capacity, superior rate performance capability, and long‐term stability capacity. This paper describes how a graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) membrane can endow Zn–MnO2 batteries with high capacity, high rate capability, and long‐term stability. The specific capacity of the modified battery reaches as high as 300 mA h g−1 at a current density of 308 mA g−1 over 50 cycles. Even at a high current density of 3080 mA g−1, this Zn–MnO2 battery exhibits a capacity of 100 mA h g−1 over 2000 cycles. Moreover, the effect of the GDYO membrane and the reaction mechanism is elucidated. The GDYO membrane allows the reversible stripping/plating of zinc ions to maintain a Coulombic efficiency of ≈100% for 800 h. Therefore, it is believed that the GDYO membrane ensures well‐aligned ion transport and, thus, stabilizes the electrodes. This feasible approach toward Zn–MnO2 batteries will open up alternative pathways for fabricating other high‐performance Zn‐ion batteries.
Increasing cell‐free gene expression yields from linear templates in Escherichia coli and Vibrio natriegens extracts by using DNA‐binding proteins
Authors: Zhu Bo , Gan Rui , Cabezas Maria D. , Kojima Takaaki , Nicol Robert , Jewett Michael C. , Nakano Hideo
Published: August 2020

In crude extract‐based cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS), DNA templates are transcribed and translated into functional proteins. Although linear expression templates (LETs) are less laborious and expensive to generate, plasmid templates are often desired over polymerase chain reaction‐generated LETs due to increased stability and protection against exonucleases present in the extract of the reaction. Here we demonstrate that addition of a double stranded DNA‐binding protein to the CFPS reaction, termed single‐chain Cro protein (scCro), achieves terminal protection of LETs. This CroP‐LET (scCro‐based protection of LET) method effectively increases superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) expression levels from LETs in Escherichia coli CFPS reactions by sixfold. Our yields are comparable to other strategies that provide chemical and enzymatic DNA stabilization in E. coli CFPS. Notably, we also report that the CroP‐LET method successfully enhanced yields in CFPS platforms derived from nonmodel organisms. Our results show that CroP‐LET increased sfGFP yields by 18‐fold in the Vibrio natriegens CFPS platform. With the fast‐expanding applications of CFPS platforms, this method provides a practical and generalizable solution to protect linear expression DNA templates.
Screening method to identify hydrogel formulations that facilitate myotube formation from encapsulated primary myoblasts
Authors: Deshmukh Dhananjay V. , Pasquero Nils , Rathore Gajraj , Zvick Joel , Bar‐Nur Ori , Dual Jurg , Tibbitt Mark W.
Published: August 2020

Hydrogel‐based three‐dimensional (3D) cellular models are attractive for bioengineering and pharmaceutical development as they can more closely resemble the cellular function of native tissue outside of the body. In general, these models are composed of tissue specific cells embedded within a support material, such as a hydrogel. As hydrogel properties directly affect cell function, hydrogel composition is often tailored to the cell type(s) of interest and the functional objective of the model. Here, we develop a parametric analysis and screening method to identify suitable encapsulation conditions for the formation of myotubes from primary murine myoblasts in methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels. The effect of the matrix properties on the myotube formation was investigated by varying GelMA weight percent (wt%, which controls gel modulus), cell density, and Matrigel concentration. Contractile myotubes form via myoblast fusion and are characterized by myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression. To efficiently screen the gel formulations, we developed a fluorescence‐based plate reader assay to quantify MyHC staining in the gel samples, as a metric of myotube formation. We observed that lower GelMA wt% resulted in increased MyHC staining (myotube formation). The cell density did not significantly affect MyHC staining, while the inclusion of Matrigel increased MyHC staining, however, a concentration dependent effect was not observed. These findings were supported by the observation of spontaneously contracting myotubes in samples selected in the initial screen. This work provides a method to rapidly screen hydrogel formulations for the development of 3D cellular models and provides specific guidance on the formulation of gels for myotube formation from primary murine myoblasts in 3D.
Electroless Nanoplating of Iridium: Template‐Assisted Nanotube Deposition for the Continuous Flow Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Scheuerlein Martin Christoph , Muench Falk , Kunz Ulrike , Hellmann Tim , Hofmann Jan P. , Ensinger Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Electroless plating is a powerful tool in nanofabrication and is available for many of the noble transition metals. There is, however, a striking lack of electroless plating procedures for the rarer platinum‐group metals. In this work, two plating baths for nanoscale iridium coatings are developed and their conformality and nanofabrication potential are showcased by coating ion‐track‐etched polycarbonate membranes, creating Ir nanotubes in the process. Both plating solutions yield morphologically different deposits, indicating that the microstructure of the film can be tuned by adjusting the composition of the plating bath. The catalytic performance of the deposited materials is investigated by using membrane‐embedded nanotubes as catalysts for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and methyl orange by borohydride, showing remarkable activity and stability. Operation in flow‐through configuration, in which the metallized membrane is implemented as a microreactor greatly enhances the interaction with the catalyst surface, considerably increasing product yield. The results highlight the potential of Ir nanoplating for realizing sophisticated nanostructures and heterogeneous catalysts, but also illustrate the intricacies related to the complex chemistry of electroless Ir plating baths.
Helicene Radicals: Molecules Bearing a Combination of Helical Chirality and Unpaired Electron Spin
Authors: Tani Fumito , Narita Masahiro , Murafuji Toshihiro
Published: August 2020

Chiral helicenes that have helical π‐conjugated frameworks comprised of ortho‐fused aromatic rings have been intensively investigated for several decades owing to their attractive properties and high potential for a variety of applications. In contrast, studies concerning helicene radicals (open‐shell helicenes) formed by redox reactions have been severely limited due to inherent high reactivity of organic radicals. However, open‐shell helicenes possessing a combination of chirality and unpaired electron spin(s) delocalized on helical π‐conjugated orbital(s) are promising for novel synergic magnetic functions. Recently, several kinds of isolable air‐stable helicene radicals have been prepared to enable their detailed analysis of the crystal structures and physicochemical properties. This Minireview describes the recent advances and future prospects of organic‐based helicene radicals categorized into three groups: 1) ionic radicals, 2) neutral radicals, and 3) diradicals.
Activating Acid‐Sensing Ion Channels with Photoacid Generators
Authors: Liu Xinglei , Sambath Karthik , Hutnik Lauren , Du Jianyang , Belfield Kevin D. , Zhang Yuanwei
Published: August 2020

Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs), present in both central and peripheral neurons, respond to changes in extracellular protons. They play important roles in many symptoms and diseases, such as pain, ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report a novel approach to activate ASICs with the precision of light using organic photoacid generators (PAGs), which are molecules that release H+ upon light illumination, and have been recently used in biomedical studies. The PAGs showed low toxicity in dark conditions. Under LED light illumination, ASICs activation and consequent calcium ion influx was monitored and analysed by fluorescence microscopy, and showed a strong light‐dependent response. This approach allows the activation of ASICs with the precision of light, and may be valuable to help better elucidate the molecular mechanism of ASICs and unveil their roles in physiology, pathophysiology, and behaviour.
Incentive Programs Caused by the Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Technology Profit's Effect: Optimal Configuration and Energy Planning of Hybrid Microgrid Involving INVELOX Turbine
Authors: Jirdehi Mehdi Ahmadi , Shaterabadi Mohammad
Published: August 2020

Herein, optimal configuration and microgrid's energy control based on day‐ahead planning is proposed. For this purpose, fossil fuel resources are equipped with carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies, and INVELOX turbines are proposed in microgrid's planning. The microgrid's overall contamination and cost are considered as objective functions. To encourage the consumers to utilize renewable resources, obtained profit from CCUS is assigned as incentive programs for buying their extra energy. Also, the problem is modeled as a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP), and the epsilon constraint and fuzzy satisfying approach are utilized to tackle and accomplish the best and optimal solution. The outcomes show that overall costs and contamination are reduced from $192.6867 to $75.91 and 3334.7699 to 346.457 kg by using CCUS systems, respectively. In addition, the obtained profit of the CCUS system is about $15.2425, and the cost and pollution are reduced from $192.6867 to $69.41 and 3334.7699 to 353.32 kg by utilizing INVELOX wind turbine and incentive programs, respectively.
Hebbian and non‐Hebbian timing‐dependent plasticity in the hippocampal CA3 region
Authors: Jackson Meyer B.
Published: August 2020

The timing between synaptic inputs has been proposed to play a role in the induction of plastic changes that enable neural circuits to store information. In the case of spike timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), this relates to the interval between a synaptic input and a postsynaptic spike, thus providing a conceptual link to the Hebb learning rule. Experiments have documented STDP in many synapses and brain regions, and computational models have tested its utility in many neural network functions. However, questions remain about whether timing plays a role in plasticity during natural activity, and whether it can function in information storage. The present study used imaging with voltage sensitive dye to investigate the effectiveness of input timing in the plasticity of responses in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices. Plasticity was induced by sequential dual‐site stimulation at 10 ms intervals of either synaptic inputs and cell bodies (synaptic–somatic induction) or of two sets of synaptic inputs (synaptic–synaptic induction). Both protocols potentiated responses, with greater potentiation of responses to the first stimulation of the sequence than the second. Neither of these protocols induced depression. Synaptic–somatic stimulation was much more effective than synaptic–synaptic stimulation in evoking somatic action potentials, but both protocols potentiated responses equally well. This suggests that sequential dual‐site stimulation can potentiate equally well with very different degrees of somatic action potential firing. With synaptic–somatic induction, potentiation was focused at the sites of stimulation. In contrast, with synaptic–synaptic induction, the distribution of potentiation varied greatly. Changes in the spatial distribution of responses indicated that sequential dual‐site stimulation functions poorly in the storage of activity patterns. These results suggest that in the hippocampal CA3 region, timed sequential activation of two inputs is less effective than theta bursts, both in the induction of LTP and in the storage of information.
Surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among frontline health care workers in Wuhan during COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Tong Xin , Ning Mingzhe , Huang Rui , Jia Bei , Yan Xiaomin , Xiong Yali , Wu Weihua , Liu Jiacheng , Chen Yuxin , Wu Chao
Published: August 2020

Introduction

As an emerging infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has rapidly spread throughout worldwide. Health care workers (HCWs) on frontline directly participated in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of COVID‐19 patients are at high risk of getting infected with the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the novel coronavirus that causes COVID‐19. In Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a total of 222 medical staff went to Wuhan city for support. In this study, we aimed to determine any nosocomial infection among our cohort of HCWs who worked in Wuhan.

Methods

Throat swab samples were obtained for RNA testing on day 1 and 14 of their quarantine upon their return to Nanjing. Radiological assessments were performed by chest computed tomography (CT) on day 14 of their quarantine. The blood was collected from 191 HCWs between May 12 and May 15. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses were determined by a chemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results

All the throat swab specimens were found negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. The radiological analysis revealed that there was no typical chest CT scan of COVID‐19 among 222 HCWs. Consistently, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG was also found to be negative among 191 HCWs.

Conclusions

There was no nosocomial infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 among our cohort of the frontline HCWs, suggesting that zero occupational infection is an achievable goal with appropriate training, strict compliance, and psychological support for the frontline HCWs.
Finding focus in a difficult landscape: Therapists’ experiences with challenging video guidance processes for parent–infant dyads
Authors: Simhan Indra , Veseth Marius , Vik Kari , Hjeltnes Aslak
Published: August 2020

Marte Meo video guidance uses filmed interaction of the actual parent–infant dyad in the guidance of caregivers. Exploring the challenges that therapists meet in the guidance of parent–infant dyads may illuminate important aspects of the method itself as well as the therapists’ role and requirements. This could lead to method development and improved practice, but is hitherto little addressed. In this paper, we explore how skilled therapists experience and handle challenging or failing guidance processes with parent–infant dyads. We analyzed interviews with 13 Marte Meo therapists/supervisors using team‐based reflexive thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: promoting relational growth in a coercive context, building an alliance that feels safe for the parents, looking at positive moments in difficult lives, and handling intense feelings as a therapist. Our findings show that therapists experience specific therapeutic and ethical challenges with a vulnerable subgroup of parent–infant dyads where child protective issues arise, where caregivers’ insecurities impede the therapeutic relationship, and where caregivers have unsolved relational or mental health problems. The therapists’ role becomes pivotal and demanding with regard to the therapeutic alliance, the therapeutic interventions in the guidance process, and their own need for regulation, supervision, and structure. Identification of these vulnerable dyads early in the process could facilitate a better adaptation and practice of video guidance. Our findings suggest a need for supporting structures, clinical supervision, and training that address these challenges.
The Journey of Analytics
Authors: Parnell Amelia R.
Published: August 2020

For decades, colleges and universities have strived to use data to take bold actions and make big decisions. The result is an expanding community of higher education professionals who are leveraging analytics to deliver optimal learning experiences for students. This chapter will describe the evolution of data use in higher education with a focus on how new consumers, stewards, and beneficiaries are joining institutional researchers on the journey of analytics.
Measuring and Enhancing Student Success
Authors: Fingerson Laura , Troutman David R.
Published: August 2020

This chapter addresses how IR/IE both responds to and leads in our institutions and across higher education in measuring and improving student success. We introduce a new student success measurement framework in the context of internal and external facing needs, we define the importance of actionable information to inform decision‐making, and we highlight data sources including new data created by predictive analytics. Throughout, we include an attention to equity and ethics.
Institutional Research in Support of Student Success at Our Nation's Most Diverse and Inclusive Institutions
Authors: Turk Jonathan M. , Taylor Morgan
Published: August 2020

Community colleges and minority serving institutions play important roles in the U.S. higher education system. These open and predominantly broad access institutions serve more first‐generation, low‐income, post‐traditional, and racially and ethnically diverse student populations than any other sector. Institutional leaders will increasingly need to use data and analytics to identify barriers to student success and to direct limited resources to evidence‐based solutions that will help these diverse students achieve their educational goals and reap the benefits of higher education. In this chapter, we discuss the role of institutional research to support student success while considering the challenges and opportunities presented by the unique contexts of these institutions. We conclude with three recommendations for practice.
Transformational IR for Student Success
Authors: Gagliardi Jonathan S. , Johnson Gina
Published: August 2020

Institutional Research (IR) has historically been tasked with fulfilling reporting requirements and information requests that are often transactional. This has changed more recently in light of the ongoing analytics revolution, which has highlighted the need for a more intentional approach to producing and using rigorous evidence to support student success, equity and institutional effectiveness. Due to these developments, IR is being asked to shift from a transactional function to a transformational one. Using lessons learned from previous chapters in this edition of NDIR, this chapter unpacks how IR functions have managed their new, more global role with a focus on change leadership, strategy, and actions at the intersection of student success and sustainability.
Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Authors: Park Yumi , Choi Qute , Kwon Gye Cheol , Koo Sun Hoe
Published: August 2020

Background

The emergence and transmission of tigecycline‐ and carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (TCRKP) have become a major concern to public health globally. Here, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in carbapenem‐resistant K pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates.

Methods

Forty‐five non‐duplicate CRKP isolates were collected from January 2017 to June 2019. We performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for the detection and mutation analysis of acrR, oqxR, ramR, rpsJ, tet(A), and tet(X) genes, which are related to tigecycline resistance. The expression levels of efflux pump genes acrB and oqxB and their regulator genes rarA, ramA, soxS, and marA were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR.

Results

The resistance rate to tigecycline in CRKP isolates was 37.8% (17/45). K pneumoniae ST307 was a predominant clone type (70.6%, 12/17) among the TCRKP isolates. The expression levels of acrB (P < .001) and marA (P = .009) were significantly higher in the tigecycline‐resistant group than in the tigecycline‐intermediate and tigecycline‐susceptible groups. Increased expression of acrB was associated with marA expression (r = 0.59, P = .013).

Conclusions

We found that the activated MarA‐induced overexpression of AcrAB efflux pump plays an important role in the emergence of tigecycline resistance in CRKP isolates.
Validity of flexicurve and motion capture for measurements of thoracic kyphosis vs standing radiographic measurements
Authors: Grindle Daniel M. , Mousavi Seyed Javad , Allaire Brett T. , White Andrew P. , Anderson Dennis E.
Published: August 2020

Thoracic kyphosis varies among healthy adults and typically increases with age. Excessive kyphosis (hyperkyphosis) is associated with negative health. Spinal alignment also affects spine loading, with implications for conditions such as vertebral fractures and back pain. Valid measurements of kyphosis are necessary for clinical and research assessment of age‐related posture changes, and to support improved biomechanical understating of spine conditions. Independent validation of non‐radiographic techniques, however, remains limited. The goal of this study was to compare standing radiographic kyphosis measurements with non‐radiographic measurements and predictions of thoracic kyphosis using flexicurve and motion analysis markers, in order to determine their validity. Thirteen non‐radiographic measures of thoracic kyphosis were obtained in each of 40 adult subjects who also underwent standing radiographs of the thoracic spine. Measures included estimates derived by fitting of polynomials or circles to the non‐radiographic data, as well as predictions calculated using previously published methods. Intra‐class correlations (ICC) and root‐mean square errors (RMSEs) were calculated between radiographic and non‐radiographic measures to determine validity. Most non‐radiographic estimates of kyphosis show similar, weak to moderate levels of validity when compared to radiographic measurements, and RMSEs ranging from 8.0° to 20.8°. Unbiased estimates of radiographic measurements with moderate to good ICCs were identified, however, based on marker measurements, and new prediction equations were created with similar validity that also account for age and body habitus. Clinical significance: These non‐radiographic measurements of thoracic kyphosis can be applied to clinical practice or to clinical studies with recognition of specific limitations.
COL1A2 Polymorphism contributes to Oral submucous fibrosis: A possible role in inducing alternative splicing in areca chewers
Authors: Katarkar Atul , Roy Ushapati , Mukherjee Sanjit , Ray Jay G. , Chaudhuri Keya
Published: August 2020

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity but the pathogenesis of the disease is still uncertain among the areca nut chewers. Every chewer does not show up with fibrotic changes that further extend to genetic basis of OSMF pathogenesis. Genetic predisposition has been now identified as a major risk factor for increasing the susceptibility toward the disease among these chewers. In this study, two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of COL1A2 rs42542 (Exon 28, G1645C) and rs421587 (Intron 28, 665+15A>G) showing mRNA splice variant trait with exon 28 skipping, extended exon 28 and intron 28 retention. The polymorphisms of the COL1A2 gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction‐direct genomic DNA sequencing from 187 patients with OSMF and 188 control participants matched on age, gender, and ethnicity. COL1A2 alternative splice variants from mRNA in human oral biopsy tissues obtained from OSMF patient and controls were confirmed by using reverse transcription PCRs (RT‐PCRs). Significant genotypic associations were observed for an exon 28 SNP (GC; P < [OR‐2.35; CI {1.44‐3.83}; P < .001] and CC [OR‐6.99; CI {1.83‐31.24}; P = .001) induces Ala to Pro substitution at amino acid 459 of COL1A2 in OSMF patients. Exon skipping is significantly associated with both the SNPs. Our results confirm the role of rs42542 and rs421587 in COL1A2 alternative splicing and support a strong role in susceptibility to OSMF, and could have served as surrogate markers.
Quality of life and psychosocial outcomes in children with severe acute asthma and their parents
Authors: Boeschoten Shelley A. , Dulfer Karolijn , Boehmer Annemie L. M. , Merkus Peter J. F. M. , van Rosmalen Joost , de Jongste Johan C. , de Hoog Matthijs , Buysse Corinne M. P.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To prospectively evaluate quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial outcomes in children with severe acute asthma (SAA) after pediatric intensive care (PICU) admission compared to children with SAA who were admitted to a general ward (GW). In addition, we assessed posttraumatic stress (PTS) and asthma‐related QoL in the parents.

Methods

A preplanned follow‐up of 3 to 9 months of our nationwide prospective multicenter study, in which children with SAA admitted to a Dutch PICU (n = 110) or GW (n = 111) were enrolled between 2016 and 2018. Asthma‐related QoL, PTS symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems, and social impact in children and/or parents were assessed with validated web‐based questionnaires.

Results

We included 100 children after PICU and 103 after GW admission, with a response rate of 50% for the questionnaires. Median time to follow‐up was 5 months (range: 1‐12 months). Time to reach full schooldays after admission was significantly longer in the PICU group (mean of 10 vs 4 days, P = .001). Parents in the PICU group reported more PTS symptoms (intrusion P = .01, avoidance P = .01, arousal P = .02) compared to the GW group.

Conclusion

No significant differences were found between PICU and GW children on self‐reported outcome domains, except for the time to reach full schooldays. PICU parents reported PTS symptoms more often than the GW group. Therefore, monitoring asthma symptoms and psychosocial screening of children and parents after PICU admission should both be part of standard care after SAA. This should identify those who are at risk for developing PTSD, to timely provide appropriate interventions.
Stereodynamics of the Ca + HCl → CaCl + H molecular reaction imposed by the rotational‐excited states of HCl
Authors: Wang Li‐Zhi , Yang Chuan‐Lu
Published: August 2020

The effects of the initial rotational‐excited states of the HCl molecule on the stereodynamics properties of the Ca + HCl molecular reaction are investigated using the quasiclassical trajectory theory and the analytical potential energy surface. The orientation and alignment behaviors for the rotational angular momentum of the product, along with the generalized differential cross section (PDDCS)‐dependent polarization, are calculated to explore the stereodynamics properties. The initial rotational‐excited states of the HCl molecule impose a remarkable effect on the vector correlation distributions, regardless of the orientation, alignment, or PDDCS. The forward, backward, and weak sideway scatterings are found in the Ca + HCl → CaCl + H molecular reaction. The results demonstrate that the initial rotational‐excited state of j = 3 results in more obvious stereodynamics effects.
Oxygen as a Heteroatom in Propargylic Alcohols: Reactivity, Selectivity, and Applications
Authors: Puri Surendra
Published: August 2020

Propargylic alcohols serve as versatile building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry and utilized as starting materials in many useful transformations. These transformations include the synthesis of conjugated‐aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides, silylketones, enynes, and enynones. A large number of metal complexes, based on Ti, V, Mo, W, Re, Ru, Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, and Au have been identified to functionalize the propargylic alcohols. Until recently, however the potential of activated propargylic alcohols remained underexploited due to difficulties in preparation and isolation. Despite, the highly nucleophilic alkyne functional moiety along with oxygen atom at 3‐position, drew the attention of researchers to develop the versatile synthetic transformations. Based on literature reports, this review summarizes the recent advancement and potential applications of activated propargylic alcohols.
Dichalcogenides/Oxone®‐Mediated Cyclization of (Z)‐Chalcogenoenynes under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Soares Liane K. , Barcellos Angelita M. , Neto José S. S. , Alves Diego , Lenardão Eder J. , Rosati Ornelio , Santi Claudio , Perin Gelson
Published: August 2020

3‐Selanyl‐ and 3‐tellanylchalcogenophenes were prepared by the electrophilic cyclization of (Z)‐chalcogenoenynes under ultrasound irradiation conditions. This green procedure was carried out using Oxone® as an inexpensive and non‐toxic oxidant agent to promote the oxidative cleavage of Se−Se and Te−Te bonds. The electrophilic cyclization of (Z)‐1‐propylthio‐ and (Z)‐1‐butylselen‐1‐en‐3‐ynes was performed using the diaryl diselenide or ditelluride/Oxone®/ethanol system. The respective 3‐arylselanyl and 3‐aryltellanylthiophenes and selenophenes were obtained in 40 % to 87 % yield (16 examples). Similarly, 3‐arylselanyl and 3‐aryltellanyltellurophenes were synthesized by the cyclization of (Z)‐1‐butyltelluro‐1‐en‐3‐ynes, using glycerol as the solvent instead ethanol (5 examples; 28 % to 65 % yield). For the first time, Oxone® was used in the selective oxidative cleavage of the Te−Te bond in cyclization reactions.
Evaluation of Biodegradable Glucose Based Surfactants as a Promoting Medium for the Synthesis of Peptidomimetics with the Coumarin Scaffold
Authors: Paprocki Daniel , Koszelewski Dominik , Madej Arleta , Brodzka Anna , Walde Peter , Ostaszewski Ryszard
Published: August 2020

6‐O‐Glucose‐4‐phenylbutyrate was used successfully as promoting aqueous reaction medium for the synthesis of fourteen different α‐acyloxy carboxamides with the biologically relevant coumarin scaffold. Two different one‐pot protocols; chemical and chemoenzymatic, based on the usage of biodegradable surfactants for the synthesis of target products were developed. The chemoenzymatic method consists of 3‐steps in which the first step is oxidation catalyzed by Trametes versicolor laccase/O2, followed by spontaneous condensation reaction, and finally multicomponent Passerini reaction. All transformations occurred at room temperature in the same reaction vials without isolation of the reaction intermediates. The influence of the reaction conditions including substrate structure on the reaction course was studied. The application of an aqueous solution of 6‐O‐glucose 4‐phenylbutyrate as the reaction medium had the pivotal impact of the reaction rate providing target α‐acyloxy carboxamides with the yields up to 65 %. Obtained peptidomimetics were characterized by UV‐VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.
One Pot Hydrogenation of Furfural to 2‐Methyl Tetrahydrofuran over Supported Mono‐ and Bi‐metallic Catalysts
Authors: Date Nandan S. , Hengne Amol M. , Huang K.‐W. , Chikate Rajeev C. , Rode Chandrashekhar V.
Published: August 2020

2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran is a valuable commercial product that can be obtained by direct hydrogenation of furfural. In the present study, among several carbon supported bimetallic Ir−Ni catalysts with different loadings screened, 4% Ir‐4% Ni/C catalyst showed excellent activity in terms of direct conversion (99%) to 2‐MeTHF with a maximum selectivity of ∼74% at 220 °C and 750 psig, suppressing the formation of side chain as well as ring opening products. The catalytic activity was found to be mainly affected by catalyst preparation methods, metal loadings, surface composition, temperature, pressure and catalyst loading. HR‐TEM and STEM revealed well dispersed Ir−Ni NPs having the particle sizes in the range of 2 to 5 nm. Different phases of Ir i. e. Ir° and IrO2 as well as oxygen vacancies were found to be responsible for hydrogenation of furfural to 2‐methyl furan while, Ni° and NiO were responsible for further hydrogenation to 2‐MeTHF. The synergic effect between Ir and Ni was established through XPS, H2‐TPR analysis. With the help of some control experiments, the plausible reaction pathway was also proposed. The catalyst prepared by co‐impregnation method found more effective than prepared by sequential addition method. At lower Ni loadings of 1% and 2%, low temperature of 160 °C as well as at low H2 pressure of 250 psig, mixture of furfuryl alcohol and 2‐methyl furan were formed selectively. Catalyst could be successfully reused up to 3 times without leaching of metals.
Wettability Control of Sapphire by Surface Texturing in Combination with Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Chemical Etching
Authors: Liu Tongwei , Wei Haiying , Li Jianxiang , Lu Jiangang , Lin Qida , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2020

Surface texturing has been recently utilized in interface science to modify the liquid wettability of solid surfaces. In this paper, the authors present a simple method to control the surface wettability properties of sapphire by surface texturing in combination with femtosecond laser irradiation and chemical etching. Four type surface microstructures were fabricated by controlling the pulse overlap rate between the laser beam tracks and by chemical etching. The original hydrophobic surface can be transformed into superhydrophobic surface after femtosecond laser irradiation. The femtosecond laser firstly made the sapphire surface phase transformation, then combining with chemical etching, the hydrophilic surface can be obtained. It is found that surface texturing in combination with ultrafast laser irradiation and chemical etching is an effective way to manipulate surface microstructure and liquid wettability.
Quinoline Glycoconjugates as Potentially Anticancer and Anti‐Inflammatory Agents: An Investigation Involving Synthesis, Biological Screening, and Docking
Authors: Pallavi Badvel , Sharma Prachi , Baig Noorullah , Kumar Madduluri Vimal , Sah Ajay K. , Saumya Udit , Dubey Uma S. , Shukla Paritosh
Published: August 2020

The present work is a preliminary report of synthesis of a series of targeted 4,6‐O‐ethylidene‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine glycoconjugate quinoline 4‐carboxylic acid derivatives followed by a quick evaluation of their anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities. Compounds C5 and C8 exhibited highest anti‐inflammatory activity against human COX‐2 enzyme. Anticancer studies were also performed in vitro which revealed C8 as a promising candidate against HeLa, human cervical cancer cell lines. The anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activity was further confirmed by molecular docking studies for all the synthesized molecules. That all the compounds showed potency, seems to validate our initial hypothesis concerning a positive correlation between anticancer and anti‐inflammatory activity for the designed quinoline glycoconjugates.
Anode Catalytic Activity of Palladium‐Nickel Alloy Nanoparticles for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkali
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Sreya , Banik Ms. Senjuti , Mahajan Ankita , Kumar Bhattacharya Swapan
Published: August 2020

To fabricate cost‐effective anode catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC), Pd and a series of bimetallic PdxNi100‐x alloy nano catalyst has been synthesized by adhering toclassical wet chemical synthetic procedure. External capping agents have not been employed for stabilization of the nanoparticles. Several physicochemical characterizations reveal the generation of uniformly dispersed PdxNi100‐x catalysts with average crystallite size 6 nm. The catalytic capability of the PdxNi100‐x/C catalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) has been verified by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) study. It has been revealed that the peak current density is about 1.2 times higher for ethanol oxidation on Pd80Ni20/C catalyst than similarly synthesized Pd/C catalyst. Moreover, the catalytic proficiency of the bimetallic nano catalysts have been strongly dependent on the Pd : Ni ratio. The poisoning protected ability of the PdxNi100‐x/Ccatalysts leads to show stable performance after several cycles of continuous operation. Cyclic voltammetric and ex‐situ FTIR study of probable intermediates of EOR like acetaldehyde, sodium acetate reveal that Ni facilitate the generation of acetate in comparison to carbonate enlightening the reasonable mechanism of the ethanol oxidation reaction on PdNi surface.
A Zinc(II) Coordination Polymer Based on a Chain of {Zn2O7} Bitetrahedra Bridged by 3‐Methoxybenzoates
Authors: Bhargao Pooja H. , Hathwar Venkatesha R. , Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R.
Published: August 2020

The synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a zinc(II) coordination polymer viz. [Zn2(μ‐OH)(μ2‐η1:η1‐3‐mba)3] 1 (3‐mba=3‐methoxybenzoate) based on 3‐methoxybenzoic acid is described. The three crystallographically independent μ2‐η1:η1 3‐mba ligands and the unique μ‐hydoxide ligand link the two unique Zn(II) ions into an infinite chain of {Zn2O7} bitetrahedra with alternating Zn⋅⋅⋅Zn separations of 3.314 and 3.364 Å respectively. The carboxylate carbons of the symmetric bridging 3‐mba ligands serve as links between the adjacent bitetrahedra in the coordination polymer. Pyrolysis of 1 results in the formation of highly agglomerated ZnO particles having spherical morphology. 1 exhibits blue fluorescence.
Construction of rGO Supported Integrative NiFe2O4/g‐C3N4 Nanocomposite: Role of Charge Transfer for Boosting the OH. Radical Production to Enhance the Photo‐Fenton Degradation
Authors: Palanivel Baskaran , Alagiri Mani
Published: August 2020

The facile sol‐gel and hydrothermal method have been used to prepare the ternary heterojunction of rGO supported NiFe2O4/g‐C3N4 nanocomposite. The structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and charge transport properties of the prepared nanoparticles were analyzed by various analytical methods. The supportive rGO helps to harvest the more amount of visible light and helps to electron transformation was confirmed by UV‐vis‐DRS and PL spectroscopy studies. The rGO acts as an electron transport supporting layer for enhancement of radical production for effective dye degradation reaction under LED and sunlight irradiation. In particular, 10GO/NFO/g‐CN ternary nanocomposite exhibits the highest photo‐Fenton degradation when compared to other photocatalysts. They produced a large amount of OH• radicals that were beneficial for the photocatalytic process. The possible reaction mechanism and the active species for the dye degradation process were investigated by elemental trapping experiment and TA test. The recycling process proves the stability of the prepared photocatalyst. Hence, the reported ternary heterojunction could be a superior candidate for environmental remediation applications.
Recent Advances in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Vchislo Nadezhda V. , Verochkina Ekaterina A.
Published: August 2020

Alkaloids are structurally complex pharmacologically valuable natural products, the synthesis of which attracts the attention of the world scientific community. This review summarizes and highlights the recent advancements in the total synthesis of different family alkaloids (such as Lycopodium, Manzamine, Indole, Amaryllidaceae, as well as other alkaloids) from transformations of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Nickel foam Supported Nickel Hydroxide by Ruthenium Doping
Authors: Krishna Sadhanala Hari , Perelshtein Ilana , Gedanken Aharon
Published: August 2020

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid electrolytes has advantages for electrolysis of water due to large supply of hydrogen ions. Herein, we report the synthesis of ruthenium doped nickel hydroxide on commercial nickel foam (Ru−Ni(OH)2/NF) by using simple hydrothermal method. Due to integrated assembly and porous structure, as prepared Ru−Ni(OH)2/NF is explored as an electrocatalyst for HER in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature. The Ru−Ni(OH)2/NF showed excellent electrocatalytic HER activity with Tafel slope of 94 mV/dec. The overpotential of Ru−Ni(OH)2/NF required to deliver 10 mAcm−2 current density was calculated to be 27 mV, which is smaller than that of commercial Pt/C/NF catalyst (33 mV). Furthermore, the Ru−Ni(OH)2/NF has shown decent stability and notable durability. The enhanced HER activity of Ru−Ni(OH)2/NF is attributed to Ru doping Ni(OH)2/NF and effective contacts between the Ru−Ni(OH)2 and NF substrate. Finally, these results may provide guidance to the design of Pt‐free catalysts for effective energy related electrocatalytic applications.
Physical, Mechanical, Functional, and Thermal Characterization of Chitosan: Maltodextrin Blends Edible Oral Film Incorporated with Aqueous Clove Extract
Authors: Himani  , Kumar Nishant , Prabhakar Pramod K , Pant Vimal
Published: August 2020

The oral route is the most effective and fast route for the administration of therapeutic and antioxidant agents at low cost with high patient compliance. In this work, natural clove extract is used as an anti‐oxidative agent in developing chitosan‐maltodextrin based edible oral thin films (OTFs). The antioxidant enriched edible OTFs are evaluated for enhanced oral bioavailability and functionality. The different formulations are as follows; F1 (100% maltodextrin), F2 (25:75%, chitosan: maltodextrin), F3 (50:50%, chitosan: maltodextrin), F4 (75:25%, chitosan: maltodextrin), and F5 (100% chitosan). For all formulations pullulan (10%), clove extract (15%), and glycerol (1% v/v) is kept constant. The film based on 100% maltodextrin shows good transparency and solubility and has the least disintegration time and maximum swelling index. Film F3 has the maximum folding endurance and reveals less in vitro disintegration. The 100% chitosan based film shows a maximum glass transition (160.1 °C) with 170 °C of endothermic peak indicating higher thermal stability. Thus, OTFs may have great potential to avoid oral problems as well as serving as stabilizers in therapeutics.
Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung von studentischen Forschungsprojekten im Bachelorstudiengang Psychologie
Authors: Kedzior Karina Karolina , Gerkensmeier Imke , Lüdders Lisa
Published: August 2020

Die Lehre im Bachelorstudiengang Psychologie beinhaltet mehrere forschungsbezogene Grundlagen. Neben den inhaltlichen Fachmodulen lernen die Studierenden Forschungsmethoden und statistische Verfahren kennen, führen eigene praktische Forschungsprojekte durch und schreiben im späteren Verlauf ihres Studiums umfangreiche Berichte sowie die Bachelorarbeit. Die Ergebnisse solcher Forschungsprojekte werden jedoch selten außerhalb der eigenen Universität kommuniziert.
Probing ALP-sterile neutrino couplings at the LHC
Authors: Alves Alexandre , Dias A.G. , Lopes D.D.
Published: August 2020

Abstract

In this work, prospects to probe an overlooked facet of axion-like particles (ALPs) — their potential couplings to sterile neutrinos — are presented. We found that mono-photon searches have the potential to constrain ALP couplings to sterile neutrinos when a new heavy scalar boosts the ALP decay yields. Working within an effective field theory (EFT) approach, we scan the parameters space to establish the reach of the 13 TeV LHC to probe such couplings. We found regions of the parameters space evading several experimental constraints that can be probed at the LHC. Moreover, a complementary role between the LHC and various experiments that search for axions and ALPs can be anticipated for models where ALPs interact with sterile neutrinos. We also present the UV realization of a model having an axion-like particle, a heavy scalar and sterile neutrinos whose parameters are spanned by our EFT approach. The proposed model contains a type of seesaw mechanism for generating masses for the active neutrinos along with sterile neutrinos involving the high energy scale of the spontaneous breaking of the global symmetry associated to the ALP. Some benchmark points of this model can be discovered at the 13 TeV LHC with 300 fb−1.
Hans Asperger und die Kinderklinik Innsbruck
Authors: Lechner C.
Published: August 2020

Die Innsbrucker Kinderklinik zog erst 1901 unter ihrem ersten Vorstand Johann Loos in eigenständige Räumlichkeiten; entsprechend prägte Aufbauarbeit die folgenden Jahrzehnte. Auch Loos’ Nachfolger Richard Priesel, vormals Schüler zunächst Pirquets und später Hamburgers an der Wiener Kinderklinik, leitete die junge Kinderklinik ab 1935 unter großen organisatorischen und finanziellen Mühen. Der Zweite Weltkrieg verbesserte diese Situation sicherlich nicht. Inwieweit die gemeinsamen Wurzeln an der Wiener Kinderklinik Hans Asperger bei der Berufung als Priesels Nachfolger unterstützten, bleibt unklar. Jedenfalls trat Asperger 1957 als Letztgereihter im Berufungsvorschlag die Nachfolge an. Die Quellenlage für Aspergers fünf Innsbrucker Jahre ist bis auf wenige Unterlagen knapp. Eine systematische Betrachtung steht noch aus, wofür dieser Beitrag hoffentlich einen Anstoß geben mag.