bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the 17 March 2013 Geomagnetic Storm Impacts on the Wholly Coupled Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere System‐Of‐Systems
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C.
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigate the impacts of the 17 March 2013 strong geomagnetic storm on the wholly coupled Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere system‐of‐systems. Obtained from multipoint observations, our new results show (1) the solar‐wind Alfven waves propagating antisunward in the sheath region and (2) oscillating solar wind interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and electric (E) field (IEF EY) that powered (3) rigorous dayside and nightside flux transfer events (FTEs) when (4) the nightside‐reconnection‐related short circuiting led to fast‐time Subauroral Ion Drifts (SAID) and Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) E field development across the inner‐magnetosphere plasmapause where the solar‐wind Alfven waves (4) transitioned into kinetic Alfven waves (5) fueling the hot zone. Also, the antisunward solar‐wind Alfven waves (6) drove enhanced large‐scale region‐1 field‐aligned currents creating (7) undershielding conditions (8) allowing the dawn‐to‐dusk convection E field's earthward penetration, and (9) generated increased solar‐wind kinetic energy, which became deposited (10) to the ionosphere increasing the ionospheric electron temperature (by the downward flowing suprathermal electron fluxes) and (11) to the thermosphere oscillating the neutral winds and increasing the neutral temperature, and finally leading to (12) the development of bright stable auroral red (SAR) arcs in (13) the enhanced SAID/SAPS flow channels (FCs) developed during FTEs, (14) demonstrated with FC‐2 and FC‐3 events, in the enhanced polar convection that (15) the Rice Convection Model could reproduce. Finally, we conclude the antisunward‐propagating large‐amplitude solar‐wind Alfven waves' ultimate significant role in creating the favorable conditions for the various phenomena documented with the new observational results (1–14).
Time‐Lagged Effects of Ionospheric Response to Severe Geomagnetic Storms on GNSS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Yang Zhe , Morton Y. T. Jade
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates time‐lag effects of ionospheric response to two severe geomagnetic storms (Kp = 8) on the degradation of kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) solutions, utilizing over 5500 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations distributed worldwide. Focusing on these two severe geomagnetic storms that occurred during solar cycle 24, the study employs an open‐source positioning software package, namely RTKLIB, to derive the PPP solutions. The findings reveal significant variations in time lags across different magnetic latitudes. These variations are driven by ionospheric responses to a southward interplanetary magnetic field and subsequent decreases in the SMY‐H index during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm and the 2017 September 7–8 Storm. Specifically, at high latitudes, PPP degradation primarily manifests during the main phase of the storm, resulting in delays spanning from several minutes to 1–2 hr after the sudden onset of the storm. In contrast, mid‐ and low latitudes exhibit a wider range of delays extending up to tens of hours. Notably, rapid positioning degradation is observed predominantly at the magnetic local time noon and midnight sectors. The study discusses these time lag effects concerning the intensity of various ionospheric disturbances triggered by the interactions among the solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere during geomagnetic storms. The insights obtained from this research have the potential to be integrated into physics‐based and machine‐learning models to enhance forecasting capabilities of space weather impacts.
IGF2BP3 promotes mRNA degradation through internal m7G modification
Authors: Liu Chang , Dou Xiaoyang , Zhao Yutao , Zhang Linda , Zhang Lisheng , Dai Qing , Liu Jun , Wu Tong , Xiao Yu , He Chuan
Published: August 2024

Recent studies have suggested that mRNA internal m7G and its writer protein METTL1 are closely related to cell metabolism and cancer regulation. Here, we identify that IGF2BP family proteins IGF2BP1-3 can preferentially bind internal mRNA m7G. Such interactions, especially IGF2BP3 with m7G, could promote the degradation of m7G target transcripts in cancer cells. IGF2BP3 is more responsive to changes of m7G modification, while IGF2BP1 prefers m6A to stabilize the bound transcripts. We also demonstrate that p53 transcript, TP53, is m7G-modified at its 3’UTR in cancer cells. In glioblastoma, the methylation level and the half lifetime of the modified transcript could be modulated by tuning IGF2BP3, or by site-specific targeting of m7G through a dCas13b-guided system, resulting in modulation of cancer progression and chemosensitivity.
CaV1.1 voltage-sensing domain III exclusively controls skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling
Authors: Pelizzari Simone , Heiss Martin C. , Fernández-Quintero Monica L. , El Ghaleb Yousra , Liedl Klaus R. , Tuluc Petronel , Campiglio Marta , Flucher Bernhard E.
Published: August 2024

Skeletal muscle contractions are initiated by action potentials, which are sensed by the voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV1.1) and are conformationally coupled to calcium release from intracellular stores. Notably, CaV1.1 contains four separate voltage-sensing domains (VSDs), which activate channel gating and excitation-contraction (EC-) coupling at different voltages and with distinct kinetics. Here we show that a single VSD of CaV1.1 controls skeletal muscle EC-coupling. Whereas mutations in VSDs I, II and IV affect the current properties but not EC-coupling, only mutations in VSD III alter the voltage-dependence of depolarization-induced calcium release. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal comprehensive, non-canonical state transitions of VSD III in response to membrane depolarization. Identifying the voltage sensor that activates EC-coupling and detecting its unique conformational changes opens the door to unraveling the downstream events linking VSD III motion to the opening of the calcium release channel, and thus resolving the signal transduction mechanism of skeletal muscle EC-coupling.
Fine-tuning protein language models boosts predictions across diverse tasks
Authors: Schmirler Robert , Heinzinger Michael , Rost Burkhard
Published: August 2024

Prediction methods inputting embeddings from protein language models have reached or even surpassed state-of-the-art performance on many protein prediction tasks. In natural language processing fine-tuning large language models has become the de facto standard. In contrast, most protein language model-based protein predictions do not back-propagate to the language model. Here, we compare the fine-tuning of three state-of-the-art models (ESM2, ProtT5, Ankh) on eight different tasks. Two results stand out. Firstly, task-specific supervised fine-tuning almost always improves downstream predictions. Secondly, parameter-efficient fine-tuning can reach similar improvements consuming substantially fewer resources at up to 4.5-fold acceleration of training over fine-tuning full models. Our results suggest to always try fine-tuning, in particular for problems with small datasets, such as for fitness landscape predictions of a single protein. For ease of adaptability, we provide easy-to-use notebooks to fine-tune all models used during this work for per-protein (pooling) and per-residue prediction tasks.
Fibrin drives thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19
Authors: Ryu Jae Kyu , Yan Zhaoqi , Montano Mauricio , Sozmen Elif G. , Dixit Karuna , Suryawanshi Rahul K. , Matsui Yusuke , Helmy Ekram , Kaushal Prashant , Makanani Sara K. , Deerinck Thomas J. , Meyer-Franke Anke , Rios Coronado Pamela E. , Trevino Troy N. , Shin Min-Gyoung , Tognatta Reshmi , Liu Yixin , Schuck Renaud , Le Lucas , Miyajima Hisao , Mendiola Andrew S. , Arun Nikhita , Guo Brandon , Taha Taha Y. , Agrawal Ayushi , MacDonald Eilidh , Aries Oliver , Yan Aaron , Weaver Olivia , Petersen Mark A. , Meza Acevedo Rosa , Alzamora Maria del Pilar S. , Thomas Reuben , Traglia Michela , Kouznetsova Valentina L. , Tsigelny Igor F. , Pico Alexander R. , Red-Horse Kristy , Ellisman Mark H. , Krogan Nevan J. , Bouhaddou Mehdi , Ott Melanie , Greene Warner C. , Akassoglou Katerina
Published: August 2024

Life-threatening thrombotic events and neurological symptoms are prevalent in COVID-19 and are persistent in patients with long COVID experiencing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection1–4. Despite the clinical evidence1,5–7, the underlying mechanisms of coagulopathy in COVID-19 and its consequences in inflammation and neuropathology remain poorly understood and treatment options are insufficient. Fibrinogen, the central structural component of blood clots, is abundantly deposited in the lungs and brains of patients with COVID-19, correlates with disease severity and is a predictive biomarker for post-COVID-19 cognitive deficits1,5,8–10. Here we show that fibrin binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, forming proinflammatory blood clots that drive systemic thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19. Fibrin, acting through its inflammatory domain, is required for oxidative stress and macrophage activation in the lungs, whereas it suppresses natural killer cells, after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fibrin promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal loss after infection, as well as innate immune activation in the brain and lungs independently of active infection. A monoclonal antibody targeting the inflammatory fibrin domain provides protection from microglial activation and neuronal injury, as well as from thromboinflammation in the lung after infection. Thus, fibrin drives inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and fibrin-targeting immunotherapy may represent a therapeutic intervention for patients with acute COVID-19 and long COVID.
Probing plant signal processing optogenetically by two channelrhodopsins
Authors: Ding Meiqi , Zhou Yang , Becker Dirk , Yang Shang , Krischke Markus , Scherzer Sönke , Yu-Strzelczyk Jing , Mueller Martin J. , Hedrich Rainer , Nagel Georg , Gao Shiqiang , Konrad Kai R.
Published: August 2024

Early plant responses to different stress situations often encompass cytosolic Ca2+ increases, plasma membrane depolarization and the generation of reactive oxygen species1–3. However, the mechanisms by which these signalling elements are translated into defined physiological outcomes are poorly understood. Here, to study the basis for encoding of specificity in plant signal processing, we used light-gated ion channels (channelrhodopsins). We developed a genetically engineered channelrhodopsin variant called XXM 2.0 with high Ca2+ conductance that enabled triggering cytosolic Ca2+ elevations in planta. Plant responses to light-induced Ca2+ influx through XXM 2.0 were studied side by side with effects caused by an anion efflux through the light-gated anion channelrhodopsin ACR1 2.04. Although both tools triggered membrane depolarizations, their activation led to distinct plant stress responses: XXM 2.0-induced Ca2+ signals stimulated production of reactive oxygen species and defence mechanisms; ACR1 2.0-mediated anion efflux triggered drought stress responses. Our findings imply that discrete Ca2+ signals and anion efflux serve as triggers for specific metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming enabling plants to adapt to particular stress situations. Our optogenetics approach unveiled that within plant leaves, distinct physiological responses are triggered by specific ion fluxes, which are accompanied by similar electrical signals.
The potential of aptamers for the analysis of ceramic bound proteins found within pottery
Authors: Kosel Janez , Ropret Polonca
Published: August 2024

Archaeological pottery are the most numerous objects found during excavations and reflect the culinary practices of the past. However, their functionality for cooking/storing specific foods or drinks cannot be deduced solely from comparing their shapes and sizes. Analysis of protein residues bound to ceramics can reveal the protein/animal type through their amino acid sequence, thus enabling direct identification of food types. Therefore, the aim of our experimental study was to test sixteen aptamers for the analysis of proteinaceous organic residues found within the porous structure of pottery. Traditionally prepared archaeological ceramic replicas were cooked for 5 days in various food/protein suspensions, were UV aged, buried for a year, excavated, and extensively cleaned. Their shards were analysed using immunofluorescence microscopy with aptamers. Results show that eight aptamers (Clone1 and Kirby for egg residuals; seqU5 and BLG14 for milk residuals; HA for blood residuals; Gli4 for gluten residuals; Par1 for fish residuals; and D1 for collagen residuals) produced a successful/specific immunofluorescence microscopy result when they were hybridised to shards containing target protein residuals. Interestingly, on whole egg control samples, when the egg lysozyme-targeting aptamer Kirby was used, fluorescence intensity was 3.1 times greater compared to that observed with anti-ovalbumin antibodies.
Critical metrology of minimally accessible anisotropic spin chains
Authors: Adani Marco , Cavazzoni Simone , Teklu Berihu , Bordone Paolo , Paris Matteo G. A.
Published: August 2024

We address quantum metrology in critical spin chains with anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction, and show how local and quasi-local measurements may be exploited to characterize global properties of the systems. In particular, we evaluate the classical (magnetization) and quantum Fisher information of the relevant parameters for the density matrix of a single spin and that of a pair of spins ranging from nearest to sixth-nearest neighbors, to the limiting case of very distant spins. Our results allow us to elucidate the role of the different parameters and to individuate the optimal working regimes for the precise characterization of the system, also clarifying the effects of correlations on the estimation precision.
Action observation perspective influences the effectiveness of combined action observation and motor imagery training for novices learning an Osoto Gari judo throw
Authors: Chye Samantha , Valappil Ashika Chembila , Knight Ryan , Greene Andrew , Shearer David , Frank Cornelia , Diss Ceri , Bruton Adam
Published: August 2024

Combined action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) training improves motor skill performance, but limited research has investigated possible moderating factors for this intervention. This study examined the influence of action observation (AO) perspective on the effectiveness of AOMI training for novices learning a ‘shadow’ Osoto Gari judo throw. Thirty novice participants were randomly assigned to AOMI training that displayed egocentric footage (AOMIEGO) or allocentric footage (AOMIALLO) of the Osoto Gari, or Control training. A motor learning design incorporating pre-test (Day 1), acquisition (Days 2–6), post-test (Day 7), and retention-test (Day 14) was adopted. Motor skill performance, self-efficacy, and mental representation structures were recorded as measures of learning. There were mixed effects for motor skill performance across the three training conditions utilized in this study, with AOMIALLO training significantly reducing error scores for final right hip flexion angle and peak right ankle velocity compared to AOMIEGO training. Self-efficacy increased for all training conditions over time. Both AOMIEGO and AOMIALLO training led to improved functional changes in mental representation structures over time compared to Control training. The findings suggest AOMI training led to improved perceptual-cognitive scaffolding, irrespective of AO perspective, and offer some support for the use of AOMIALLO training to facilitate novice learning of complex, serial motor skills in sport.
Machine-learning model to predict the tacrolimus concentration and suggest optimal dose in liver transplantation recipients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoon Soo Bin , Lee Jeong-Moo , Jung Chul-Woo , Suh Kyung-Suk , Lee Kwang-Woong , Yi Nam-Joon , Hong Suk Kyun , Choi YoungRok , Hong Su young , Lee Hyung-Chul
Published: August 2024

Titrating tacrolimus concentration in liver transplantation recipients remains a challenge in the early post-transplant period. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to develop and validate a machine-learning algorithm to predict tacrolimus concentration. Data from 443 patients undergoing liver transplantation between 2017 and 2020 at an academic hospital in South Korea were collected to train machine-learning models. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT) models were developed using time-series doses and concentrations of tacrolimus with covariates of age, sex, weight, height, liver enzymes, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, albumin, serum creatinine, and hematocrit. We conducted performance comparisons with linear regression and populational pharmacokinetic models, followed by external validation using the eICU Collaborative Research Database collected in the United States between 2014 and 2015. In the external validation, the LSTM outperformed the GBRT, linear regression, and populational pharmacokinetic models with median performance error (8.8%, 25.3%, 13.9%, and − 11.4%, respectively; P < 0.001) and median absolute performance error (22.3%, 33.1%, 26.8%, and 23.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). Dosing based on the LSTM model’s suggestions achieved therapeutic concentrations more frequently on the chi-square test (P < 0.001). Patients who received doses outside the suggested range were associated with longer ICU stays by an average of 2.5 days (P = 0.042). In conclusion, machine learning models showed excellent performance in predicting tacrolimus concentration in liver transplantation recipients and can be useful for concentration titration in these patients.
Leverage points for the uptake of organic food production and consumption in the United Kingdom
Authors: Staton Tom , Davison Nicholas , Westaway Sally , Arguile Lisa , Adams Nina , Aguilera Victor , Bellamy Lillie , Bolger Alysoun , Gantlett Richard , Jacobs Steven , Noone Niamh , Staley Joanna T. , Smith Laurence G.
Published: August 2024

Organic food systems are recognised as an important component in meeting United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals. A leverage points perspective can help to identify approaches which have the potential to facilitate transformative systemic change towards organic and sustainable farming. Using fuzzy cognitive maps developed from expert stakeholder opinions, we modelled a system of drivers of organic food production and consumption in the United Kingdom, according to the UN Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems framework. The most influential concepts in the uptake of organic systems were related to system norms and values and social structures, such as short-term economic thinking, landowner engagement, and relationships with certification bodies. However, in a scenario analysis, organic stakeholders identified relatively shallower leverage points as more likely to change under a sustainable future, resulting in limited systemic change. This demonstrates the need for policies targeting system norms, values and social structures relating to food systems to facilitate the transition to organic and sustainable farming.
Conceptualizing space environmental sustainability
Authors: Mo Weiwei , Kinsey Brad , Vickers John , Helvajian Henry , Cozmuta Ioana , Herron Marissa , Malshe Ajay
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements have significantly enhanced the capabilities for in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM), to develop infrastructure in orbit and on the surface of celestial bodies. This progress is a departure from the traditional sustainability paradigm focused solely on Earth, highlighting the urgent need to define and operationalize the concept of “space sustainability” along with the development of an evaluation framework. The expansion of human activity into space, particularly in low-earth orbit, cis-lunar space, and beyond, underscores the critical importance of considering sustainability implications. Leveraging space resources offers economic growth and sustainable development opportunities, while reducing pressure on Earth’s ecosystems. This paradigm shift requires responsible and ethical utilization of space resources. A space sustainability assessment framework is essential for guiding ISAM capabilities, operations, missions, standards, and policies. This paper introduces an initial framework encompassing (1) pollution, (2) resource depletion, (3) landscape alteration, and (4) space environmental justice, with potential metrics (resources use and emissions, midpoint, and endpoint indicators) to measure impacts in the four domains.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in Hydrogen–Oxygen Fuel Cells
Authors: Anju V. S. , Sandhyarani N.
Published: August 2024

Among various sustainable developmental strategies and technologies adopted to address environmental issues associated with fossil fuels, fuel cells are in the limelight as primary energy conversion devices. Fuel cells feature a bifunctional electrode that facilitates the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the design of a potent bifunctional catalyst encounters several challenges. The use of low-abundance precious metal catalysts, which are expensive, inhibits the commercialization of fuel cells. This chapter discusses alternative catalyst options to precious metal catalysts and strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of these catalysts.
Implementation of Multifunctional Electrocatalysts in Photoelectrochemical Devices for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud G. , Ahmed Amira Y. , Kandiel Tarek A.
Published: August 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting devices represent a promising and environmentally friendly technology for the emission-free production of hydrogen. A PEC device is made up of two half-reactions: at the photoanode, where the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) takes place, and at the photocathode, responsible for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In PEC devices, light is absorbed by the photoelectrode material, generating electron–hole pairs. The photogenerated electrons and holes migrate to the interface to participate in PEC–HER and PEC–OER, respectively. Despite the potential of PEC devices, their practical performance faces significant challenges, including several issues such as severe recombination, large overpotential, low stability, and sluggish surface reaction. The integration of electrocatalysts (cocatalysts) with photoelectrode materials, either photoanode or photocathode, is an efficient strategy to improve the performance of PEC devices. This chapter explores the multifunctional role of cocatalysts in devices including the separation of charge carriers, reduction of the overpotential required for HER and OER, and enhancement of photostability. In addition, unbiased water-splitting devices are presented as a crucial step for practical applications. This chapter also summarizes the key insights and reflections on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for advancing novel cocatalysts, thus promoting the development of highly efficient PEC water-splitting devices.
Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), and Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
Authors: Cao Dong , Ma Mengyao , Gao Peng
Published: August 2024

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) play pivotal roles in energy devices such as electrochemical water splitting, rechargeable zinc–air batteries, and fuel cells. However, the slow kinetics lead to a large overpotential being required for these three reactions because they all involve multi-electron transfers. In addition, the cathode of rechargeable zinc–air batteries needs to be switched between ORR and OER during the charging and discharging processes, so it is necessary to use dual-function ORR/OER electrocatalysts. The application of OER/HER bifunctional electrocatalysts could reduce the costs of water-splitting devices. Therefore, to advance the application of rechargeable zinc–air batteries and water electrolyzers, it is of great importance to develop trifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent catalytic activity for ORR, OER, and HER. In this chapter, the approaches to the classification and construction of trifunctional catalysts are explored in depth, which is important for their future development.
Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Metal–Air Batteries and Electrolyzers
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S.
Published: August 2024

Trifunctional electrocatalysts appropriate for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are essential in realizing efficient and cost-effective metal–air batteries and electrolyzers and developing integrated battery–electrolyzer systems. This chapter concisely describes the research advances in trifunctional electrocatalysts reported specifically for metal–air batteries and overall water splitting. The chapter sections are arranged based on the type of electrocatalysts, and discussions are mainly on the efficiency of trifunctional electrocatalysts in driving metal–air batteries/electrolyzers.
Lipid- and Protein-based Adhesives
Authors: Ghosal Anujit , Bandara Nandika
Published: August 2024

The adhesive industry primarily relies on non-renewable resins derived from the petrochemical industry to develop adhesives, such as phenol–formaldehyde and urea–formaldehyde. However, concerns over formaldehyde emission, toxicity, and non-renewability have urged the scientific community to formulate biopolymer-based adhesives from proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. This chapter will discuss the recent advances in protein- and lipid-based adhesive development, commercialization efforts, and future challenges.
Polar organic cages for efficiently separating azeotropic mixtures
Authors: Alimi Lukman O. , Liu Xin , Zhang Gengwu , Moosa Basem , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: August 2024

We present the polar organic DIHO-cages that separate toluene with 99.5% purity from toluene/pyridine mixture. This excellent separation is accompanied with superior purification of pyridine, bestowing the DIHO-cage with a pair of advantages.
Ligand effects in photoluminescence of copper nanoclusters
Authors: Du Peiling , Sachurilatu  , Jiang Wenya , Wei Jianyu , Li Simin , Shen Hui
Published: August 2024

Two new copper nanoclusters, [Cu9(PhSe)6(PPh2O2)3] and [Cu9(CH3OPhS)6(PPh2O2)3], have been synthesized and analyzed. These nanoclusters exemplify how ligands influence the photoluminescence properties of copper nanoclusters.
Decisive role of electrostatic interaction in rheological evolution of graphene oxide under ultrasonic fragmentation
Authors: Hong Dongpyo , Sattorov Matlabjon , Jeon Ok Sung , Lee Se Hun , Park Gun-Sik , Yoo Young Joon , Park Sang Yoon
Published: August 2024

The hidden constraints determining rheological evolution of graphene oxide under fragmentation are illustrated, reconciling the conflicting previous reports.
Laser-synthesized plasmonic HfN-based nanoparticles as a novel multifunctional agent for photothermal therapy
Authors: Pastukhov A. I. , Savinov M. S. , Zelepukin I. V. , Babkova J. S. , Tikhonowski G. V. , Popov A. A. , Klimentov S. M. , Devi A. , Patra A. , Zavestovskaya I. N. , Deyev S. M. , Kabashin A. V.
Published: August 2024

HfN nanoparticles exhibiting a tunable plasmonic feature in the near-IR were synthesized by laser ablation in liquids. A strong photothermal therapeutic effect yielding 100% cells death under 808 nm irradiation of nanoparticles was reported.
Band alignment of one-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide heterotubes
Authors: Ge Mei , Zeng Fanmin , Wang Zixuan , Ma Jiang-Jiang , Zhang Junfeng
Published: August 2024

One-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) heterotubes, where different kinds of 1D nanotubes coaxially nest inside each other, offer a flexible platform for promising applications.
Switching the regioselectivity of acid-catalyzed reactions of arylnaphtho[2,1-b]furans via a [1,2]-aryl shift
Authors: Mekeda I. S. , Balakhonov R. Yu. , Shirinian V. Z.
Published: August 2024

The straightforward approach involving a [1,2]-aryl shift provides access to a wide range of aryl-substituted naphtho[2,1-b]furans. Switching of the regioselectivity of acid-catalyzed reactions of arylnaphtho[2,1-b]furans has been demonstrated.
Dichlorotriazine-based multivalent probe for selective affinity labeling of carbohydrate-binding proteins
Authors: Tsuruno Ayaka , Kamoshita Shione , Hosoya Shoichi , Sakurai Kaori
Published: August 2024

The dichlorotriazine group was identified as a useful protein-reactive label, allowing selective capture of a target protein at nanomolar probe concentrations.
State-of-the-art local correlation methods enable affordable gold standard quantum chemistry for up to hundreds of atoms
Authors: Nagy Péter R.
Published: August 2024

We review the current capabilities of local electron correlation methods up to the gold standard CCSD(T) level, which are now capable of routinely reaching large systems of practical interest in p- and d-block, as well as surface and biochemistry.
A new type of pyranthrene-based copolymer as a promising hole-transport material for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Akbulatov Azat F. , Khakina Ekaterina A. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Kraevaya Olga A. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: August 2024

The designed copolymer PATTBTT delivered a power conversion efficiency of 17.6% in PSCs, which was higher than those obtained for reference devices fabricated using conventional polytriarylamine-based hole-transport materials.
Accelerated selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde via a self-catalyzed Pickering emulsion microreactor
Authors: Dan Hongbing , Zhao Han , Gao Yue , Zhang Baiyu , Xu Xing , Yue Qinyan , Leiviskä Tiina , Jin Bo , Chen Bing , Gao Baoyu
Published: August 2024

Constructing a self-catalyzed Pickering emulsion microreactor using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as an oxidant to achieve selective oxidation of alcohol.
Aromatic pore surface with multiple adsorption sites for one-step C2H4 acquisition from C2H6/C2H4 mixture
Authors: Zhu Yongqin , Ji Zhenyu , Zhou Yunzhe , Wu Mingyan
Published: August 2024

A microporous metal–organic framework with multiple N/O/F sites achieves high-efficiency one-step C2H4 purification from C2H6/C2H4 mixture.
Phosphorus–tungsten dual-doping boosts acidic overall seawater splitting performance over RuOx nanocrystals
Authors: Ding Junyang , Peng Zimo , Wang Zhiwei , Zeng Chunhui , Feng Yanhong , Yang Miaosen , Hu Guagnzhi , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: August 2024

Dual-doped ruthenium-based nanocrystals were developed as efficient and stable electrocatalysts for acidic overall seawater splitting with superior activity and durability.
Phase change thermostat for all-day temperature-adaptive thermal regulation
Authors: Li Shuang-Zhu , Wang Lu-Ning , Wang Shuai-Peng , Bai Lu , Yang Jie , Yang Wei
Published: August 2024

A PCMs-enhanced thermostat capable of dynamically adjusting its thermal regulation performance along with the ambient temperature is developed, showing great potential for all-day temperature-adaptive thermal management in energy-saving buildings.
Endocytosis: the match point of nanoparticle-based cancer therapy
Authors: Li Yonglu , Gao Xin , Li Yapeng , Yan Shihai , Zhang Yiru , Zheng Xiaodong , Gu Qing
Published: August 2024

Endocytosis efficiency is a prerequisite for the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticle-based cancer therapy. This review elucidates the physicochemical design, anti-cancer effects and endocytic mechanism of multiple endocytosis-oriented nanoparticles.
An attachable, self-healing and durable TiO2/rGO/PVA photocatalytic hydrogel band for dye degradation
Authors: Meng Fancang , Wang Wenhao , Zeng Yang , Gao Zhiyuan , Li Jiajing , Jia Hongbing , Ji Qingmin
Published: August 2024

A photocatalytic hydrogel band with the advantages of being bendable, attachable, self-healing, and durable, and high photocatalytic activity for dye degradation was fabricated by facile processes.
Ion-conductive vs. non-ion-conductive ceramic fillers in silane-linked polyethylene oxide-based composite polymer electrolytes with high room-temperature ionic conductivity
Authors: Jeon Eun Ju , Haidar Sharif , Helmers Laura , Kwade Arno , Garnweitner Georg
Published: August 2024

Surface-modified ZrO2 fillers strongly facilitate Li+ transport in PEO-based electrolytes, but even simple addition of the modifier serves to greatly improve ionic conductivity, proving the crucial role of the additive–matrix interaction.
A spectroscopic and kinematic survey of fast hot subdwarfs
Authors: Geier S. , Heber U. , Irrgang A. , Dorsch M. , Bastian A. , Neunteufel P. , Kupfer T. , Bloemen S. , Kreuzer S. , Möller L. , Schindewolf M. , Schneider D. , Ziegerer E. , Pelisoli I. , Schaffenroth V. , Barlow B. N. , Raddi R. , Geier S. J. , Reindl N. , Rauch T. , Nemeth P. , Gänsicke B. T.
Published: August 2024

Hot subdwarfs (sdO/B) are the stripped helium cores of red giants formed via binary interactions. Close hot subdwarf binaries with massive white dwarf companions have been proposed as possible progenitors of thermonuclear supernovae type Ia (SN Ia). If the supernova is triggered by stable mass transfer from the helium star, the companion should survive the explosion and should be accelerated to high velocities. The hypervelocity star US 708 is regarded as the prototype for such an ejected companion. To find more of those objects we conducted an extensive spectroscopic survey. Candidates for such fast stars have been selected from the spectroscopic database of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and several ground-based proper-motion surveys. Follow-up spectroscopy has been obtained with several 4m- to 10m-class telescopes. Combining the results from quantitative spectroscopic analyses with space-based astrometry from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) we determined the atmospheric and kinematic parameters of 53 fast hot subdwarf stars. None of these stars is unbound to the Galaxy, although some have Galactic restframe velocities close to the Galactic escape velocity. 21 stars are apparently single objects, that crossed the Galactic disc within their lifetimes in the sdO/B stage and could be regarded as potential candidates for the SN Ia ejection scenario. However, the properties of the full sample are more consistent with a pure old Galactic halo population. We therefore conclude that the fast sdO/B stars we found are likely to be extreme halo stars.
Modelling of Kuibyshev reservoir shallow water depths by bathymetric surveys and multispectral UAV imagery data: A case study
Authors: Gafurov Artur , Usmanov Bulat , Khomyakov Petr
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the potential of using multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery to model the shallow water depths of the Kuibyshev Reservoir, Russia. Traditional methods like boom soundings and echo sounders, while accurate, are labor-intensive and costly. By leveraging multispectral data from UAVs, we aim to provide a more efficient and detailed approach to bathymetric mapping. Our methodology involved conducting bathymetric surveys with a Garmin GPS Map 178C and a Geoscan 401 Geodesy UAV equipped with a MicaSense RedEdge-MX camera. We performed correlation analysis and modelled depth using various regression techniques, identifying the Decision Tree Regressor as the top-performing model with an R² value of 0.98. Our findings suggest that UAV multispectral bathymetry is a viable alternative for local-scale shallow water mapping, with significant implications for reservoir management and ecological studies.
Experimental studies on the effect of application methods on the lubricant performance during serial production in automotive industry
Authors: Yang Xiao , Wu Vincent , Politis Denis J. , Wang Liliang
Published: August 2024

Lubricant breakdown and galling phenomena are widely observed at the tooling surface during the stamping of aluminium components for the automotive industry, which compromise the formed surface quality and reduce tool-life. The lubricant performance has been found to be significantly influenced by its method of application. In the present research, a dedicated lubricant was evaluated by utilizing an advanced lab-scale friction testing system, TriboMate, and the effects of lubricant application method and lubricant quantity on the coefficient of friction evolution were investigated. It has been found that lubricant performance was significantly improved when the lubricant was applied on the hot workpiece blank, compared to the cold tooling surface, and when the lubricant quantity was increased. The gradual increase of friction evolution despite lubricant application on the workpiece blank was found to be due to the formation of an aluminium transfer layer at the tooling surface.
Spider Web-Inspired Additive Manufacturing: Unleashing the Potential of Lightweight Support Structures
Authors: Jin Liuchao , Zhai Xiaoya , Zhang Kang , Jiang Jingchao , Liao Wei-Hsin
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the methodology for the utilization of spider web-inspired additive manufacturing to enhance overhang support structures in 3D printing. Inspired by the strength and flexibility of spider silk, we propose an approach that reduces material consumption and postprocessing efforts. The methodology includes 3D printing spider webs, addressing key questions on silk production, web strength, and printing path generation. Experimental results demonstrate substantial weight reduction in printed objects, showcasing the efficiency of spider web-inspired support compared to traditional methods. The potential applications extend to hollow shell printing and efficient mass production.
The Forming Limit Diagram of 2A16 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Based on Hydraulic Bulging Test of Elliptical Die
Authors: Jiao Zhihui , Li Yong , Jiang Peicheng , Li Kui , Lang Lihui
Published: August 2024

An elliptical die hydraulic bulging test was carried out to explore the forming performance of 2A16 aluminum alloy sheets during hydroforming. By using five groups of elliptical dies with ovality of 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4, the effects of different pressure rates of 0.02 MPa/s, 0.04 MPa/s, and 0.08 MPa/s on the test results were studied, and different sheets thicknesses of 2 mm and 2.5 mm were also explored, then the equivalent stress and strain values obtained by theoretical calculation were also analyzed. Finally, the complete forming limit diagram (FLD) of the 2A16 aluminum alloy sheet at room temperature was plotted through the elliptical hydraulic bulging test and the uniaxial tensile test under the same test conditions. The results show that as the ellipticity increases, the maximum equivalent stress-strain value of sheets gradually increases; reducing the hydroforming pressure rate or increasing the thickness of the sheet can slightly increase the maximum bulging height of the sheet, but it has no significant impact on the maximum equivalent stress and strain value of this material. There is no noticeable difference in the FLD on the right side, indicating that its FLD is universal for a material.
Uninterrupted in-situ compression of automotive expanded polypropylene, imaged via synchrotron X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Carnegie Craig R. , Beaumont Richard , Dashwood Richard , Hughes Darren J.
Published: August 2024

Synchrotron radiation at the ESRF was used to scan an uninterrupted uniaxial compression test of Expanded Polypropylene samples sourced from two automotive component suppliers. The samples, nominally 80 kg.m-3 were compressed at a constant quasi-static rate of 10 μm.s-1, avoiding an interrupted, stop-start approach that has previously been adopted for scanning cellular solids.
Study on the stress relaxation with synchronous ageing of near α titanium alloy
Authors: Qu Bao , Huang Shuaijun , Wang Kehuan , Wen Zehua , Zhao Jie , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

The stress relaxation with synchronous ageing of TA15 titanium alloy was studied under a plastic pre-loading condition. The evolutions of microstructure and room temperature properties were characterized. Results show that the stress can be eliminated by 85 %, and the ultimate tensile strength can be increased by 5 % compared to the as-received sheet at room temperature. The plastic pre-loading results in dislocation entanglements in primary α (αp) and precipitation of partial secondary α (αs). The main stress relaxation mechanisms in the early stage are the precipitation and growth of αs, stress-induced twinning and the dynamic recovery in αp. The main stress relaxation mechanisms in the late stage are the globularization of αs and dislocation recovery in αp. The strength improvement after stress relaxation is mainly due to the formation of αs.
Enhancement of ductility of cold-deformed 316L stainless steel by electric pulse treatment
Authors: Xue Ling , Huang Ju , Li Qiang , Wu Mingxia , Liu Jian , Yang Yi
Published: August 2024

In this study, we performed electric pulse treatment (EPT) on the cold-deformed 316L stainless steel. The effects of EPT on the temperature rise characteristics, tensile properties and microstructure of cold-deformed 316L SS were investigated. The results show that changes in current density have a significant effect on the surface temperature and tensile properties. Compared with the UT samples, at a current density of 44 A/mm2, the elongation after fracture reached a peak of 39.8% (the enhancement rate is 14.4%), while the ultimate tensile strength of all the EPTed samples shows no significant change. Interestingly, although the sample experienced an increase in temperature during the EPT process, the phase composition and grain structure remained unchanged significantly. This implies that the improvement in the ductility of the samples may be attributed to the reduction of micropores. The present research provides new light to the enhancement of ductility of cold-deformed 316L stainless steel.
Influence of laser shock peening on the joint surface strength of laser cladding repair of GH4169 superalloy component
Authors: Cheng Xiuquan , Cheng Sizhu , Zhang Junhao , Xia Qinxiang , Xiao Gangfeng
Published: August 2024

Laser cladding is an effective method to repair damaged aeroengine blades. However, the heat affected zone of laser cladding reduces the strength of the repaired component. A solution method that strengthening the joint surface by laser shock peening (LSP) before laser cladding was proposed. The process parameters of LSP, such as energy, spot size, overlap ratio, spot path, etc., were determined based on the theoretical analysis; and the specimens were prepared by laser cladding after LSP. The influence of LSP on the strength, hardness and microstructure of the repaired specimens of GH4169 superalloy were researched based on the axial tensile test, metallographic test and hardness test. The results show that the tensile fracture of the specimens which only treated by laser cladding appears on the joint surface; however, the tensile fracture of the specimens treated by both of LSP and laser cladding does not necessarily appear on the joint surface, which indicates that the LSP can effectively improve the strength of the joint surface. The tensile strength of the specimen treated by both of LSP and laser cladding increased by 52.3%, and the elongation of the specimen increased from 0.8% to 9.2%. The metallographic observation showed that the grains of the specimens treated by LSP were refined obviously, and the grain size decreases by 36.5%, which is beneficial improve the strength of the joint surface. The microhardness of the specimen was more uniform and the maximum difference between the two sides of the joint surface decreased by 19.4% when the LSP was added in the repairing process.
Effect of cutting speed on the material removal behaviour for sapphire
Authors: Liu Dehui , Li Kejin , Chen Junyun , Qi Yunze
Published: August 2024

Sapphire optical components are widely used in various industrial sectors. However, they are currently not available through efficient and highly accurate ultra-precision cutting. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of cutting speed, a key factor in ultra-precision cutting, on the removal behaviour of sapphire materials. The plunge-cuts tests at different cutting speeds (10, 20 and 30 mm/s) have been conducted. The groove surface morphology, critical cutting depth for ductile-brittle transition, cutting force and tool wear of each plunge-cuts test with various cutting speed test were analysed. The experimental results shown that increasing the cutting speed is beneficial to obtain less defective machined surfaces and increase the critical cutting depth for ductile-brittle transition. However, at the same time, the cutting force increases dramatically in the brittle removal mode during high-speed cutting, which leads to severe tool wear. Therefore, increasing the cutting speed to meet the requirements of ultra-precision cutting and machining within the critical cutting depth is a highly efficient measure for obtaining sapphire optical surfaces.
A study of performance characteristics of hybrid energy harvesting systems based on photovoltaics and thermoelectrics
Authors: Saseendran Amrutha Pattath , Hartl Christoph , Qin Yi , Tian Yankang
Published: August 2024

The hybrid photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator (PV/TEG) technology is an advanced and efficient technology that combines the power from PV and TEGs to generate sustainable electricity. This hybrid approach optimizes energy output and ensures cleaner power by connecting IoT devices. Comprehensive studies have been conducted in the past to improve the efficiency of TEG modules. Various material parameters of TEG legs, such as the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity, and geometric parameters, including the cross-sectional area, leg size, leg height and the number of leg pairs, influence the TEG characteristic and determine with this the performance of the hybrid system. This work explores the influence of the TEG leg lengths and numbers of TEGs at various weather conditions on the power generation of a hybrid PV/TEG device, using an analytical model verified by experiments. The paper also analyses the performance characteristics of TEGs along with the hybrid PV/TEG system and concludes that the maximum output power from the TEG module in the hybrid PV/TEG model can be achieved by increasing the leg length.
Supporting manufacturing interactions through Artificial Intelligence: An appraisal of the literature
Authors: Kukreja Aman , Gopsill James , Su Shuo , Nassehi Aydin , Hicks Ben
Published: August 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming how society works, from real-time classification mechanisms and enhanced patient diagnoses to large language models that can assist workers in real-time. With the increasing interest of the industry in digitising manufacturing, the role of AI will become even more important in promoting meaningful interactions among various stakeholders. This paper appraises AI manufacturing research from the lens of machine/process, human and system interaction. The results show that much of the literature has supported intra-machine/process and system-level interactions. Human-machine and machine-machine are less well-researched, and these require further investigation if society wishes to move to fully integrated Manufacturing Metaverse.