bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hybrid method of frequency-weighted energy operator and power spectrum fusion to detect bearing faults
Authors: Sheng Yuanyuan , Liu Huanyu , Li Lu , Li Junbao
Published: May 2023

The difficulties in early fault diagnosis of bearings mainly include two aspects: first, the initial damage size of the bearing is small, and the abnormal vibration caused by slight damage to the bearing is very weak. Second, vibration signals collected in actual industrial environments always contain strong noise interference. Therefore, traditional diagnostic procedures are not satisfactory. To address these challenges, this work provides a hybrid model combining frequency-weighted energy operator (FWEO) with power spectrum fusion (PSF) to identify weak fault features of bearings and detect different fault types. Different from traditional time-domain signal filtering, PSF is first used to reduce the interference of noise components in the power spectrum, which will not weaken the fault signal components during denoising. Second, the filtered signal is transformed into the time domain and FWEO is employed to further enhance the cyclic fault signal caused by the weak defect of the bearing. Finally, the existence of a fault is identified by observing the squared envelope spectrum of the signal. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model is demonstrated through two simulated fault signals and three different experimental fault signals. The results show that the proposed model has high anti-noise performance and robustness and can extract the fault frequency well.
Impact of high-temperature Mg-implantation on defects and dopants distribution in GaN
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Yi Wei , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Chen Jun , Sekiguchi Takashi , Tanaka Ryo , Takashima Shinya , Edo Masaharu , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: May 2023

We have investigated the impact of high-temperature Mg-implantation in GaN layers on distribution of Mg-enriched defects using scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. For this, 1 × 1019 cm−3 Mg ions have been implanted in GaN layers at room temperature (RT) and 1000 °C, followed by annealing at 1300 °C. A smaller number of Mg-enriched defects were observed in the sample implanted at 1000 °C in comparison to the sample implanted at RT. The implantation of Mg ions at 1000 °C resulted in a higher amount of randomly distributed Mg in the GaN matrix, which, in turn, leads to more uniform and enhanced donor–acceptor pair emission, leading to higher Mg activation.
5.1 Å EOT and low leakage TiN/Al2O3/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Al2O3/TiN heterostructure for DRAM capacitor
Authors: Luo Zhen , Du Xinzhe , Gan Hui , Lin Yue , Yan Wensheng , Shen Shengchun , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang
Published: May 2023

Further scaling of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) faces critical challenges because of the lack of materials with both high dielectric constant and low leakage. In this work, engineering Hf1−xZrxO2 (HZO) films to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and inserting Al2O3 interface layers with a wide bandgap are utilized to overcome this bottleneck. By tuning Zr composition and the woken-up process, the ratio of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases is manipulated to achieve the desired high dielectric constant MPB state. On this basis, Al2O3 ultrathin layers are inserted to further enhance the dielectric constant as well as reduce the leakage current. As a result, a high dielectric constant of ∼ 46.7 (equivalent oxide thickness ∼ 5.1 Å) and low leakage current density (<10−7 A/cm2 at ±0.5 V) are achieved in TiN/Al2O3 (0.2 nm)/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (5.6 nm)/Al2O3 (0.3 nm)/TiN capacitors. Furthermore, long dielectric breakdown time of the heterostructure confirms its application potential. These results are useful for developing next generation DRAM capacitor devices.
Assessment of neural network augmented Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes turbulence model in extrapolation modes
Authors: Bhushan Shanti , Burgreen Greg W. , Brewer Wesley , Dettwiller Ian D.
Published: May 2023

This study proposes and validates a novel machine-learned (ML) augmented linear Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) model, and the applicability of model assessed in both interpolation and extrapolation modes for periodic hill (Hill) test case, which involves complex flow regimes, such as attached boundary layer, shear-layer, and separation and reattachment. For this purpose, the ML model is trained using direct numerical simulation (DNS)/LES datasets for nine different cases with different flow separation and attachment regimes, and by including various percentages of the Hill DNS dataset during the training, ranging from no data (extrapolation mode) to all data (interpolation mode). The predictive capability of the ML model is then assessed using a priori and a posteriori tests. Tests reveal that the ML model's predictability improves significantly as the Hill dataset is partially added during training, e.g., with the addition of only 5% of the hill data increases correlation with DNS to 80%. Such models also provide better turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and shear stress predictions than RANS in a posteriori tests. Overall, the ML model for TKE production is identified to be a reliable approach to enhance the predictive capability of RANS models. The study also performs (1) parametric investigation to evaluate the effect of training and neural network hyperparameters, and data scaling and clustering on the ML model accuracy to provide best practice guidelines for ML training; (2) feature importance analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) function to evaluate the potential of such analysis in understanding turbulent flow physics; and (3) a priori tests to provide guidelines to determine the applicability of the ML model for a case for which reference DNS/LES datasets are not available.
Nonmodal kinetic theory of the stability of the compressed–sheared plasma flows generated by the inhomogeneous microscale turbulence in the tokamak edge plasma
Authors: Mikhailenko V. S. , Mikhailenko V. V. , Lee Hae June
Published: May 2023

The nonmodal kinetic theory of the stability of the two-dimensional compressed–sheared mesoscale plasma flows, generated by the radially inhomogeneous electrostatic ion cyclotron parametric microturbulence in the pedestal plasma with a sheared poloidal flow, is developed. It bases on the investigation of the temporal evolution of the compressed–sheared modes. The integral equation, which governs the temporal evolution of the electrostatic potential of the plasma species responses on the mesoscale compressed–sheared convective flows, is derived. The exceptional advantage of the derived integral equation, which uses the wavevector-time variables, is the ability to perform the analysis of the nonmodal evolution of electrostatic potential during any finite time domain and to investigate the transient processes which occurs at any definite time scales. The approximate nonmodal solution of this equation for the kinetic drift instability in the compressed flow is given.
Integrated system design for the Moomba CCS Project
Authors: Lemon Phillip
Published: May 2023

The Moomba Gas Plant in northeast South Australia processes natural gas produced from the Cooper Basin. CO2 in the natural gas is separated and has historically been vented to atmosphere. The Moomba Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Project aims to reduce these greenhouse gas emissions from the Moomba Gas Plant by 1.7 Mtpa CO2-e starting from 2024. The CO2 will be captured, processed and transported by pipeline to the depleted Strzelecki and Marabooka Gas Fields where it will be permanently stored. Designing a CCS system is similar to traditional hydrocarbon systems but there are important differences due to the nature of CO2. This paper discusses some of the key considerations in the design and integration of the capture, processing, transport and storage systems for the Moomba CCS Project. The composition of the CO2 stream, including minor impurities and water content, is a major factor that affects all systems. The phase behaviour of CO2 and the associated low temperatures are also important, particularly when injecting into low-pressure storage reservoirs.
Taxonomy of Antarctic Buccinoidea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) revisited based on molecular data
Authors: Kantor Yuri , Molodtsova Tina , Zvonareva Sofia , Fedosov Alexander
Published: May 2023

The superfamily Buccinoidea is the most speciose group of Neogastropoda within the Antarctic Convergence, with ~70 species classified in 21 genera, but is still poorly represented in molecular phylogenies. The first molecular data on the group presented in the recent phylogeny of the Buccinoidea (Kantor et al. 2022) lacked many important lineages, thereby limiting inference of the relationships of Antarctic Buccinoidea. We revisited relationships of the Antarctic Buccinoidea, involving recently collected molecular-grade samples from the bathyal and abyssal depths of the Scotia Sea, the Weddel Sea and adjacent regions. Our data set includes 25 species (including six genera studied on a molecular basis for the first time), sequenced for five phylogenetic markers: the barcode fragment of cox1 gene, fragments of ribosomal 12S, 16S rRNA and 28S and nuclear H3 genes. Based on phylogenetic reconstructions, we synonymise the genus Lussitromina with Falsitromina and reassign the latter from Cominellidae to Prosiphonidae. We confirm the placement of four further genera, Drepanodontus, Germonea, Parabuccinum and Spikebuccinum in Prosiphonidae. We detect a previously unrecognised deep lineage of the family Prosiphonidae and describe this as the new genus Scotiabuccinum. The genus Parabuccinum, previously recorded in the Magellanic province and off the eastern coast of Argentina was reported for the first time within the Antarctic Convergence. We discover four previously unrecognised species of Antarctic Prosiphonidae and these are the first Buccinoidea from Antarctic waters described based on molecular data. According to our data, all but two species of Antarctic Buccinoidea belong to the family Prosiphonidae. Seven of the nineteen Recent Antarctic Prosiphonidae genera (36%) cross the boundaries of the Convergence and eight Antarctic genera are monotypic (42%). Currently no Buccinoidea species are known to occur both within and outside the Antarctic Convergence. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DEEA1599-C951-414E-9098-563EAD10BD57
Seed dormancy and storage behaviour of the Hawaiian endemic Coprosma kauensis (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Wolkis Dustin , Saling Emily , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M.
Published: May 2023

Context Seed banking is the most efficient and cost-effective method of preserving plant germplasm, but not all species can be conserved by conventional practices. Further, restoration of plant populations from seeds often is hindered by a lack of a priori knowledge of seed dormancy and germination requirements. Aims Our objective was to determine seed desiccation, initial freezing tolerance and the dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of Coprosma kauensis, a dioecious shrub endemic to Kauaʻi Island in Hawaiʻi. Methods The effects of temperature and gibberellic acid (GA3) on germination of fresh seeds were tested in light/dark at 15/5, 25/15 and 20/10°C with and without treatment with GA3. To test effects of desiccation and initial freezing on germination, seeds were dried to 15% relative humidity at 15°C and then stored at −20°C. Key results Regardless of incubation temperature and treatment (or not) with GA3, final germination ranged from 78 to 88%; however, time to 50% germination decreased at 20/10°C for seeds treated with 500 ppm GA3. There was no significant difference in final germination percentage between freshly harvested seeds and those desiccated, nor of those desiccated and then subsequently frozen at −20°C. Conclusions Fresh seeds of C. kauensis exhibit a low degree of nondeep physiological dormancy. They can germinate over a range of temperatures, but germination speed is increased by GA3. Fresh seeds are desiccation and freeze tolerant (after 6 months storage). Implications This vulnerable Kauaʻi endemic species easily can be propagated from seeds. Future studies should investigate long-term longevity at various storage temperatures.
The Src–ZNRF1 axis controls TLR3 trafficking and interferon responses to limit lung barrier damage
Authors: Lin You-Sheng , Chang Yung-Chi , Chao Tai-Ling , Tsai Ya-Min , Jhuang Shu-Jhen , Ho Yu-Hsin , Lai Ting-Yu , Liu Yi-Ling , Chen Chiung-Ya , Tsai Ching-Yen , Hsueh Yi-Ping , Chang Sui-Yuan , Chuang Tsung-Hsien , Lee Chih-Yuan , Hsu Li-Chung
Published: May 2023

Type I interferons are important antiviral cytokines, but prolonged interferon production is detrimental to the host. The TLR3-driven immune response is crucial for mammalian antiviral immunity, and its intracellular localization determines induction of type I interferons; however, the mechanism terminating TLR3 signaling remains obscure. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF1 controls TLR3 sorting into multivesicular bodies/lysosomes to terminate signaling and type I interferon production. Mechanistically, c-Src kinase activated by TLR3 engagement phosphorylates ZNRF1 at tyrosine 103, which mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of TLR3 at lysine 813 and promotes TLR3 lysosomal trafficking and degradation. ZNRF1-deficient mice and cells are resistant to infection by encephalomyocarditis virus and SARS-CoV-2 because of enhanced type I interferon production. However, Znrf1−/− mice have exacerbated lung barrier damage triggered by antiviral immunity, leading to enhanced susceptibility to respiratory bacterial superinfections. Our study highlights the c-Src–ZNRF1 axis as a negative feedback mechanism controlling TLR3 trafficking and the termination of TLR3 signaling.
Transferable nano-patterned ALD membrane
Authors: Anwar Farhana , Tao Matthew , Schwartzberg Adam , Ogletree Frank , Virginia Altoe Maria , Raja Archana , Cabrini Stefano
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate fabrication of nano-patterned thin ALD (Atomic layer deposition) membrane (suspended/transferable) by using a bi-layer resist process where the bottom layer resist acts as a sacrificial layer. This method enables an all dry deterministic transfer of nano-patterned ALD membrane on desired substrate, allowing assembly of multitude of hetero-structures and functionalities that are not yet accessible. Unlike conventional ways of achieving patterned alumina membrane reported in literature our technique requires significantly less fabrication steps and paves the way for novel ALD membrane-based technology.
Semi-classical states for elliptic system near saddle points of potentials
Authors: Zhang Chengxiang , Zhang Xu
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study the following Hamiltonian elliptic system

−

ε
2

Δ
u
+
u
=

H
v

(
x
,
u
,
v
)
 
 
in 
 

R

N

,

−

ε
2

Δ
v
+
v
=

H
u

(
x
,
u
,
v
)
 
 
in 
 

R

N

,

u
(
x
)
→
0
,
 
v
(
x
)
→
0
 

a
s

 

|

x

|

→
∞
,

where ɛ > 0 is a small parameter, H is a super-quadratic sub-critical Hamiltonian. Our investigation focuses on the cases that

H
(
x
,
u
,
v
)
=

1
2

K
(
x
)
(

u
2

+

v
2

)
+
F
(
u
,
v
)

and

H
(
x
,
u
,
v
)
=
K
(
x
)
F
(
u
,
v
)

, where K(x) possesses saddle points. By introducing a new penalization associated with the barycenters of functions and applying the Leray–Schauder degree theory, we adopt the local variational arguments in Byeon and Jeanjean (2007 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
185 185–200); Byeon and Tanaka (2013 J. Eur. Math. Soc.
15 1859–99; 2014 Semiclassical Standing Waves with Clustering Peaks for Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations (Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society)) and obtain the existence of semi-classical states for the Hamiltonian elliptic system, which concentrate around the saddle points of V as ɛ → 0.
Observation of ion-cyclotron-range-of-frequency wave emission in electron-cyclotron-resonance-heated tokamak plasma
Authors: Sumida Shuhei , Shinohara Kouji , Ichimura Makoto , Bando Takahiro , Bierwage Andreas , Kobayashi Takayuki , Yamazaki Hibiki , Moriyama Shinichi , Ide Shunsuke
Published: May 2023

Emissions of ion-cyclotron-range-of-frequency (ICRF) waves have been observed in a solely electron-cyclotron-resonance-heated plasma, namely no fast-ion plasma, on the JT-60U tokamak for the first time. The mode frequencies are around the ion cyclotron frequency at the low-field-side plasma edge. The waves are considered to be electromagnetic and standing waves from poloidal and toroidal phase differences measured with ICRF antennas. Wave characteristics of the ICRF emissions such as frequency, polarization and propagation are similar to those of edge-ion cyclotron emissions (ICEs) driven by neutral-beam-injected fast ions although driving sources are completely different. From analysis of the resonance conditions, this ICRF wave emission is considered to be driven by the electron-cyclotron-resonance-heated fast electrons via the Cherenkov resonance condition. When ICE is used for fast ion diagnostics, such fast-electron-driven ICRF wave emission may complicate its interpretation during electron cyclotron resonance heating.
Quantum operation of affective artificial intelligence
Authors: Yukalov V I
Published: May 2023

The review analyses the fundamental principles which Artificial Intelligence should be based on in order to imitate the realistic process of taking decisions by humans experiencing emotions. Two approaches are considered, one based on quantum theory and the other employing classical terms. Both these approaches have a number of similarities, being principally probabilistic. The analogies between quantum measurements under intrinsic noise and affective decision making are elucidated. It is shown that cognitive processes have many features that are formally similar to quantum measurements. This, however, in no way means that for the imitation of human decision making Affective Artificial Intelligence has necessarily to rely on the functioning of quantum systems. The analogies between human decision making and quantum measurements merely demonstrate formal common properties in their functioning. It is in this sense that one has to understand quantum operation of Artificial Intelligence. Appreciating the common features between quantum measurements and decision making helps for the formulation of an axiomatic approach employing only classical notions. Artificial Intelligence, following this approach, operates similarly to humans, by taking into account the utility of the considered alternatives as well as their emotional attractiveness. Affective Artificial Intelligence, whose operation takes account of the cognition-emotion duality, avoids numerous behavioural paradoxes of traditional decision making. A society of intelligent agents, interacting through the repeated multistep exchange of information, forms a network accomplishing dynamic decision making based on the evaluation of utility and affected by the emotional attractiveness of alternatives. The considered intelligent networks can characterize the operation of either a human society of affective decision makers, or the brain composed of neurons, or a typical probabilistic network of an artificial intelligence.
Generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential: Klein–Gordon equation's bound state solution
Authors: Badalov V H , Badalov S V
Published: May 2023

The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems. In this paper, the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential from the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The resulting energy eigenvalues and corresponding radial wave functions are expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials for arbitrary l states. It is also demonstrated that energy eigenvalues strongly correlate with potential parameters for quantum states. Considering particular cases, the generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential and its derived energy eigenvalues exhibit good agreement with the reported findings. Furthermore, the rovibrational energies are calculated for three representative diatomic molecules, namely H2, HCl and O2. The lowest excitation energies are in perfect agreement with experimental results. Overall, the potential model is displayed to be a viable candidate for concurrently prescribing numerous quantum systems.
Scenario analysis of transportation carbon emissions in China based on machine learning and deep neural network models
Authors: Tang Jianxin , Gong Rizhao , Wang Huilin , Liu Yuxi
Published: May 2023

Coping with the relation between the increase in carbon emissions and energy consumption in the transportation sector is a pressing issue today. Machine learning and deep neural networks were used in this study to explore the influential factors and trends in future transportation carbon emissions. First, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was adopted to screen out the key influencing factors in transportation carbon emissions. Second, the prediction performance of the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, generalized regress neural network, and back propagation (BP) network were compared, and an improved LSTM optimized by the sparrow search algorithm was proposed. Third, LASSO-SSA-LSTM was used to predict the transportation sector’s future carbon emissions trends under different scenarios. The results suggested that transportation carbon emissions in China presented a trend of ‘rapid increase—fluctuating decrease—continuous increase’ from 2010 to 2019. Although the main determinant in curbing the rising rate of carbon emissions effectively is the continuous development of renewable energy technology, the variation in transportation carbon emissions in China under eight scenarios showed significant differences. Generally, systemic changes and innovations are crucial to accommodate China’s future low-carbon and sustainable transportation development.
Improvement of lubrication performance of sliding pairs with multi-depth groove textures based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Shaojun , Wu Zhenpeng , Dong Bowen , Luo Wenyan , Song Hailong , Guo Haotian , Zhou And Qiqi
Published: May 2023

During the wear and tear process of bearings, the friction coefficient between the friction pairs can be effectively decreased by employing the suitable surface texture on the frition surface. In the study, the distribution and depth variation of the surface texture were used as variables, and the genetic algorithm was used for iterative optimization to obtain the optimal texture distribution and depth. The friction and wear performance of the rectangular texture bearing sliding blocks was optimized. The depth of the texture was represented by a 4-bit binary number, and different binary numbers were set to represent different texture depths. Finally, the genetic algorithm was used for continuous iteration and evolution to obtain the optimal texture combination. The study showed that, compared with the regular texture with a depth of 0.2 μm, the friction coefficient decreased by 15.0% under the optimal texture with a non-uniform depth. Simultaneously, compared with the regular 3 μm deep texture, texture with a optimized depth makes the friction coefficient decreased by 37.5%, and the minimum oil film thickness increased by 0.979 μm. The optimal texture and oil film thickness combination obtained from the study can effectively reduce solid contact force and alleviate mechanical wear.
A strain rate dependent model with decreasing Young’s Modulus for cortical human bone
Authors: Sánchez-Molina D , García-Vilana S , Martínez-Sáez L , Llumà J
Published: May 2023

In the existing literature, some studies have observed an increase in the elastic modulus of human cortical bone with strain rate, which has been described as a consequence of the viscoelastic properties of the bone. However, these results contradict the findings of other studies, in which an independence or decrease of the elastic modulus with strain rate is observed, which could be explained by other non-viscoelastic mechanisms. This research studies the dynamic behavior of human cortical bone specimens and investigates their mechanical properties . A full and objective strain rate dependent model is proposed and used to describe the experimental results obtained from uniaxial tensile tests of twenty-one human rib cortical bone specimens from twelve male post mortem human subjects (average age of 68.5 ± 12.3 years). In addition, a general discussion of some families of viscoelastic models is given and the caution with which they should be used when dealing with complex materials such as bone. The main experimental finding is that in the range of strain rate analyzed (

ε

̇

=
0.10
−
0.60

), there is a significant decrease in Young’s modulus (E ≈ 18 GPa for

ε

̇

=
0.10

s

−
1

and E ≈ 8 GPa for

ε

̇

=
0.50

s

−
1

), which is not of viscoelastic origin. Moreover, the most frequently used viscoelastic models analyzed in this study predict how the elastic modulus should not vary markedly with strain rate for small strains. In fact, the observed behavior seems related to the findings of other researchers who observed that the microcraking damage depends on the strain rate in the same sense found in our work. This allows us to interpret the qualitative results as a consequence of the microcracking that takes place within the cortical bone, and not related to viscoelastic effects.
Science and policy lessons learned from a decade of adaptation to the emergent risk of sargassum proliferation across the tropical Atlantic
Authors: Dominguez Almela Victoria , Addo Kwasi Appeaning , Corbett Jack , Cumberbatch Janice , Dash Jadu , Marsh Robert , Oxenford Hazel , Tonon Thierry , Van Der Plank Sien , Webber Mona , Tompkins Emma L
Published: May 2023

Climatic and anthropogenic changes appear to be driving the emergence of new ecosystem and human health risks. As new risks emerge, and the severity or frequency of known risks change, we ask: what evidence is there of past adaptations to emergent risks? What scientific and policy processes lead to adaptive solutions that minimise the impacts of these events, and draw out opportunities? We identify science and policy lessons learned from coping with, and responding to, the sudden arrival of brown macroalgae (pelagic sargassum) that has proliferated across the tropical Atlantic since 2011. Drawing on an evidence base developed from a systematic search of literature relating to sargassum seaweed, and using event timelines and word clouds, we provide an analysis of lessons learned from a case study of adaptive responses across three continents to an emergent risk over the course of a decade. We reflect on successes and failures as well as opportunities taken in building adaptive capacity to address the risk in four key domains: policy, knowledge and evidence, monitoring and early warning, and technology and valorisation. Failures include: lack of environmental risk registries; missed opportunities to share monitoring data; and lack of a shared approach to manage the risk. Successes include: development of national management strategies; open-access knowledge hubs, networks and webinars sharing information and best practice; semi-operational early advisory systems using open access remote sensing data; numerous innovations customising clean-up and harvesting equipment, and research and development of new uses and value-added products.
The Influence of Age on Complications After Correction of Congenital Breast Deformities: A National Analysis of the Pediatric and Adult NSQIP Data Sets
Authors: Sergesketter Amanda R , Geng Yisong , Tian William M , Langdell Hannah C , Shammas Ronnie L , Knackstedt Rebecca , Rezak Kristen
Published: May 2023

Background

Timing of surgical intervention is controversial among patients seeking correction of congenital breast deformities.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the influence of age on 30-day complications and unplanned healthcare utilization after reconstruction of congenital breast deformities.

Methods

Female patients undergoing breast reconstruction for congenital breast deformities and Poland syndrome were identified on the basis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in the 2012 to 2021 pediatric and adult National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) data sets. Complications based on age at correction were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of overall and wound healing complications.

Results

Among 528 patients meeting inclusion criteria, mean (SD) age at surgical correction was 30.2 (13.3) years. Patients most commonly underwent implant placement (50.5%), mastopexy (26.3%), or tissue expander placement (11.6%). Across the cohort, overall incidence of postoperative complications was 4.4%, most commonly superficial surgical site infection (1.0%), reoperation (1.1%), or readmission (1.0%). After multivariate adjustment, increasing age at time of correction was associated with higher incidence of wound complications [odds ratio (OR) 1.001; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0003-1.002; P = .009], in addition to BMI (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.0007-1.004; P = .006) and tobacco use (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02-1.11; P = .003).

Conclusions

Breast reconstruction for congenital breast deformities may be safely undertaken at a young age with a low associated risk of postoperative complications. Large, multi-institutional studies are needed to assess the influence of surgical timing on psychosocial outcomes in this population.
DiMo: discovery of microRNA motifs using deep learning and motif embedding
Authors: Farhadi Fatemeh , Allahbakhsh Mohammad , Maghsoudi Ali , Armin Nadieh , Amintoosi Haleh
Published: May 2023

MicroRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that decrease gene expression after transcription in various biological disciplines. In bioinformatics, identifying microRNAs and predicting their functionalities is critical. Finding motifs is one of the most well-known and important methods for identifying the functionalities of microRNAs. Several motif discovery techniques have been proposed, some of which rely on artificial intelligence-based techniques. However, in the case of few or no training data, their accuracy is low. In this research, we propose a new computational approach, called DiMo, for identifying motifs in microRNAs and generally macromolecules of small length. We employ word embedding techniques and deep learning models to improve the accuracy of motif discovery results. Also, we rely on transfer learning models to pre-train a model and use it in cases of a lack of (enough) training data. We compare our approach with five state-of-the-art works using three real-world datasets. DiMo outperforms the selected related works in terms of precision, recall, accuracy and f1-score.
Genome mining for anti-CRISPR operons using machine learning
Authors: Yang Bowen , Khatri Minal , Zheng Jinfang , Deogun Jitender , Yin Yanbin
Published: May 2023

Motivation

Encoded by (pro-)viruses, anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins inhibit the CRISPR-Cas immune system of their prokaryotic hosts. As a result, Acr proteins can be employed to develop more controllable CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools. Recent studies revealed that known acr genes often coexist with other acr genes and with phage structural genes within the same operon. For example, we found that 47 of 98 known acr genes (or their homologs) co-exist in the same operons. None of the current Acr prediction tools have considered this important genomic context feature. We have developed a new software tool AOminer to facilitate the improved discovery of new Acrs by fully exploiting the genomic context of known acr genes and their homologs.

Results

AOminer is the first machine learning based tool focused on the discovery of Acr operons (AOs). A two-state HMM (hidden Markov model) was trained to learn the conserved genomic context of operons that contain known acr genes or their homologs, and the learnt features could distinguish AOs and non-AOs. AOminer allows automated mining for potential AOs from query genomes or operons. AOminer outperformed all existing Acr prediction tools with an accuracy = 0.85. AOminer will facilitate the discovery of novel anti-CRISPR operons.

Availability and implementation

The webserver is available at: http://aca.unl.edu/AOminer/AOminer_APP/. The python program is at: https://github.com/boweny920/AOminer.
O031 A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between alcohol consumption and postoperative outcomes in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Angus R , Humes D J , Adiamah A , Leow T
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Alcohol is a modifiable risk factor in patients having planned surgery and problematic drinking is an increasing problem. To date, no systematic review solely focuses on outcomes following gastrointestinal surgery and their relationship with alcohol use. This study aimed to summarize the evidence of the association between preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications in gastrointestinal surgeries.

Methods

Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was undertaken to identify original studies investigating the association between preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications occurring within 30 days of surgery. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality risk and secondary outcomes included postoperative complications such as surgical site infections and risk of anastomotic leak. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random effects model.

Results

In total, 3182 reports were identified and reviewed for eligibility, and data was extracted from 26 studies that met inclusion criteria. 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Clearly defined high preoperative alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality (Odds ratio (OR)=1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.07–2.28). High alcohol intake was also associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery (OR 2.17 (95% CI: 1.74–2.72) and an increase in risk of surgical site infections (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.15- 1.53).

Conclusion

Preoperative alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality, risk of anastomotic leakage and surgical site infections. Preoperative modulation of alcohol intake may influence post-operative complications after gastrointestinal surgery.
O134 Does robotic anterior resection improve the outcomes for patients with rectal cancer over standard laparoscopic surgery?
Authors: Nwabueze M , McPherson S
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Currently, laparoscopic anterior resection (L-AR) is the standard approach for rectal cancer (RC) treatment. Increasingly, AR procedures have been conducted robotically using the Da Vinci Surgical System (DVSS). Its design has the potential to improve upon the operative outcomes of L-AR. However, the DVSS's controversial price of $2,000,000 has slowed its clinical adoption. There has been speculation as to whether the clinical outcomes conferred by robotic-assisted AR (R-AR) merits the cost of the DVSS.

Aims

To review the literature on R-AR and L-AR surgery for RC, primarily comparing the clinical outcomes of each approach, with an auxiliary evaluation of cost-effectiveness.

Methods

A literature search was performed using the databases OVID Embase, MedLine, and Web of Science. The keywords ‘anterior resection’, ‘rectal neoplasm’, ‘robotics’, ‘robotic surgical procedures’, and ‘laparoscopy’ were entered into each database. 141 records were initially retrieved and screened for relevance. The remaining texts that were fully available and adhered to the eligibility criteria were included in this review.

Results

Ten studies were identified. R-AR resulted in higher quality TME specimens in three studies, (p=0.02, 0.03, 0.033). and in shorter hospital stays and longer operative times in four studies: (p=0.03, 0.0001<, 0.001<, 0.001). Overall, R-AR had lower rates of intraoperative complications.

Conclusion

Generally, R-AR seemed to deliver better outcomes, but there is insufficient evidence to establish its superiority over L-AR. Longitudinal studies with extended research periods are required to evaluate the long-term oncological benefits of R-AR.
Defunctioning loop ileostomy in anterior resection for rectal cancer and subsequent renal failure: nationwide population-based study
Authors: Rutegård Martin , Häggström Jenny , Back Erik , Holmgren Klas , Wixner Jonas , Rutegård Jörgen , Matthiessen Peter , Sjöström Olle
Published: May 2023

Background

Electrolyte disturbances and dehydration are common after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a defunctioning loop ileostomy. High-quality population-based studies on the impact of a defunctioning loop ileostomy on renal failure are lacking.

Methods

This was a nationwide observational study, based on the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry of patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer between 2008 and 2016, with follow-up until 2017. Patients with severe co-morbidity, with age greater than 80 years, and with pre-existing renal failure were excluded. Loop ileostomy at index surgery constituted exposure, while a diagnosis of renal failure was the outcome. Acute and chronic events were analysed separately. Inverse probability weighting with adjustment for confounding derived from a causal diagram was employed. Hazards ratios (HRs) with 95 per cent c.i. are reported.

Results

A total of 5355 patients were eligible for analysis. At 5-year follow-up, all renal failure events (acute and chronic) were 7.2 per cent and 3.3 per cent in the defunctioning stoma and no stoma groups respectively. In the weighted analysis, a HR of 11.59 (95 per cent c.i. 5.68 to 23.65) for renal failure in ostomates was detected at 1 year, with the largest effect from acute renal failure (HR 24.04 (95 per cent c.i. 8.38 to 68.93)). Later follow-up demonstrated a similar pattern, but with smaller effect sizes.

Conclusion

Patients having a loop ileostomy in combination with anterior resection for rectal cancer are more likely to have renal failure, especially early after surgery. Strategies are needed, such as careful fluid management protocols, and further research into alternative stoma types or reduction in stoma formation.
Hereditary colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer: comprehensive review
Authors: Seppälä Toni T , Burkhart Richard A , Katona Bryson W
Published: May 2023

Background

Inheritance patterns show familial clustering of gastrointestinal cancers, and multiple germline conditions have now been identified that predispose to colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers.

Methods

A narrative review based on recent relevant literature was conducted.

Results

Lynch syndrome, formerly known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, increases the risk of several abdominal cancers, with the highest population prevalence. Familial adenomatous polyposis and some of the more infrequent polyposis syndromes have distinct characteristics affecting various organ-specific cancer risks. Hereditary gastric and pancreatic cancer syndromes include those also causing colorectal cancer, while additional genetic disorders predisposing only to upper gastrointestinal malignancies have been recognized more recently. Diagnosing and managing hereditary cancer syndromes requires multidisciplinary expertise and may be best managed in tertiary centres, with a need to consider patient preference and ensure shared decision-making.

Conclusion

Several germline conditions predispose to colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, which inform identification, surveillance regimens, prevention, cascade screening, counselling, and surgical management. The authors describe developments in the hereditary origin of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer with current recommendations in surveillance and surgical management.
Human gene and microbial analyses in rectal cancer complete responses to radiotherapy
Authors: Sulit Arielle Kae , Wilson Kasmira , Pearson John , Silander Olin K , Sampurno Shienny , Michael Michael , Ramsay Robert , Heriot Alexander , Frizelle Frank , Purcell Rachel Violet
Published: May 2023

Background

The gold standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer is total mesorectal excision after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Response to chemoradiotherapy varies, with some patients completely responding to the treatment and some failing to respond at all. Identifying biomarkers of response to chemoradiotherapy could allow patients to avoid unnecessary treatment-associated morbidity rate. While previous studies have attempted to identify such biomarkers, none have reached clinical utility, which may be due to heterogeneity of the cancer. In this study, potential human gene and microbial biomarkers were explored in a cohort of rectal cancer patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

RNA sequencing was carried out on matched tumour and adjacent normal rectum biopsies from patients with rectal cancer with varying chemoradiotherapy responses treated between 2016 and 2019 at two institutions. Enriched genes and microbes from tumours of complete responders were compared with those from tumours of others with lesser response.

Results

In 39 patients analysed, enriched gene sets in complete responders indicate involvement of immune responses, including immunoglobulin production, B cell activation and response to bacteria (adjusted P values <0.050). Bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae bacterium and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were documented to be abundant in tumours of complete responders compared with all other patients (adjusted P value <0.100).

Conclusion

These results identify potential genetic and microbial biomarkers of response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, as well as suggesting a potential mechanism of complete response to chemoradiotherapy that may benefit further testing in the laboratory.
Eurocentrism in a YouTube video on the Jakarta–Bandung railway: a critical examination of discourse across race, gender, and class
Authors: Li Zhou , Liu Yuchen , Chen Shushu , Huang Jingxuan
Published: May 2023

In this article, we examine the YouTube channel Railways Explained and its video on the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Railway (JBHSR). By stressing tensions among China, Indonesia, and Japan surrounding the JBHSR project, the video, we argue, managed to divert the audience’s attention away from its Eurocentric representation to a socially constructed Asian drama. Drawing upon Foucauldian poststructuralism, we then demonstrate how the Asian drama, narrated through three forms of otherness—ideological (Japan/Indonesia vs. China); developmental (Japan/China vs. Indonesia); and a geopolitical imaginary (the West vs. Asia)—revealed the perpetuation of Eurocentric hegemony in the knowledge of science and technology.
Impact of Integrase Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Disease Events in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Starting Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Surial Bernard , Chammartin Frédérique , Damas José , Calmy Alexandra , Haerry David , Stöckle Marcel , Schmid Patrick , Bernasconi Enos , Fux Christoph A , Tarr Philip E , Günthard Huldrych F , Wandeler Gilles , Rauch Andri ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Abela I , Aebi-Popp K , Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Hachfeld A , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Jackson-Perry D , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Kusejko K , Labhardt N , Leuzinger K , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nemeth J , Nicca D , Notter J , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Salazar-Vizcaya L , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Wandeler G , Weisser M , Yerly S
Published: May 2023

Background

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We investigated the impact of starting INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) on CVD events among treatment-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus using a target trial framework, which reduces the potential for confounding and selection bias.

Methods

We included Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants who were ART-naïve after May 2008, when INSTIs became available in Switzerland. Individuals were categorized according to their first ART regimen (INSTI vs other ART) and were followed from ART start until the first of CVD event (myocardial infarction, stroke, or invasive cardiovascular procedure), loss to follow-up, death, or last cohort visit. We calculated hazard ratios and risk differences using pooled logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights.

Results

Of 5362 participants (median age 38 years, 21% women, 15% of African origin), 1837 (34.3%) started INSTI-based ART, and 3525 (65.7%) started other ART. Within 4.9 years (interquartile range, 2.4–7.4), 116 CVD events occurred. Starting INSTI-based ART was not associated with an increased risk for CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], .46–1.39). Adjusted risk differences between individuals who started INSTIs and those who started other ART were −0.17% (95% CI, −.37 to .19) after 1 year, −0.61% (−1.54 to 0.22) after 5 years, and −0.71% (−2.16 to 0.94) after 8 years.

Conclusions

In this target trial emulation, we found no difference in short- or long-term risk for CVD events between treatment-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus who started INSTI-based ART and those on other ART.
Burden of Respiratory Viruses in Children Less Than 2 Years Old in a Community-based Longitudinal US Birth Cohort
Authors: Teoh Zheyi , Conrey Shannon , McNeal Monica , Burrell Allison , Burke Rachel M , Mattison Claire , McMorrow Meredith , Payne Daniel C , Morrow Ardythe L , Staat Mary Allen
Published: May 2023

Background

Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. Nevertheless, the population burden of respiratory viral infections, especially asymptomatic cases, is not known due to the lack of prospective community-based cohort studies with intensive monitoring.

Methods

To address this gap, we enacted the PREVAIL cohort, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–sponsored birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, where children were followed from 0 to 2 years of age. Weekly text surveys were administered to record acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs), which were defined as the presence of cough or fever (≥38°C). Weekly midturbinate nasal swabs were collected and tested using the Luminex Respiratory Pathogen Panel, which detected 16 viral pathogens. Viral infection was defined as ≥1 positive tests from the same virus or viral subtype ≤30 days of a previous positive test. Maternal report and medical chart abstractions identified healthcare utilization.

Results

From 4/2017 to 7/2020, 245 mother–infant pairs were recruited and followed. From the 13 781 nasal swabs tested, a total of 2211 viral infections were detected, of which 821 (37%) were symptomatic. Children experienced 9.4 respiratory viral infections/child-year; half were rhinovirus/enterovirus. Viral ARI incidence was 3.3 episodes/child-year. Emergency department visits or hospitalization occurred with only 15% of respiratory syncytial virus infections, 10% of influenza infections, and only 4% of all viral infections. Regardless of pathogen, most infections were asymptomatic or mild.

Conclusions

Respiratory viral infections are common in children 0–2 years. Most viral infections are asymptomatic or non–medically attended, underscoring the importance of community-based cohort studies.