bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene perturbation and intervention in context-sensitive stochastic Boolean networks
Authors: Zhu Peican , Liang Jinghang , Han Jie
Published: May 2014

Background

In a gene regulatory network (GRN), gene expressions are affected by noise, and stochastic fluctuations exist in the interactions among genes. These stochastic interactions are context dependent, thus it becomes important to consider noise in a context-sensitive manner in a network model. As a logical model, context-sensitive probabilistic Boolean networks (CSPBNs) account for molecular and genetic noise in the temporal context of gene functions. In a CSPBN with n genes and k contexts, however, a computational complexity of O(nk
222n
) (or O(nk 2
n
)) is required for an accurate (or approximate) computation of the state transition matrix (STM) of the size (2
n
∙ k) × (2
n
∙ k) (or 2
n
× 2
n
). The evaluation of a steady state distribution (SSD) is more challenging. Recently, stochastic Boolean networks (SBNs) have been proposed as an efficient implementation of an instantaneous PBN.

Results

The notion of stochastic Boolean networks (SBNs) is extended for the general model of PBNs, i.e., CSPBNs. This yields a novel structure of context-sensitive SBNs (CSSBNs) for modeling the stochasticity in a GRN. A CSSBN enables an efficient simulation of a CSPBN with a complexity of O(nLk 2
n
) for computing the state transition matrix, where L is a factor related to the required sequence length in CSSBN for achieving a desired accuracy. A time-frame expanded CSSBN can further efficiently simulate the stationary behavior of a CSPBN and allow for a tunable tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency. The CSSBN approach is more efficient than an analytical method and more accurate than an approximate analysis.

Conclusions

Context-sensitive stochastic Boolean networks (CSSBNs) are proposed as an efficient approach to modeling the effects of gene perturbation and intervention in gene regulatory networks. A CSSBN analysis provides biologically meaningful insights into the oscillatory dynamics of the p53-Mdm2 network in a context-switching environment. It is shown that random gene perturbation has a greater effect on the final distribution of the steady state of a network compared to context switching activities. The CSSBN approach can further predict the steady state distribution of a glioma network under gene intervention. Ultimately, this will help drug discovery and develop effective drug intervention strategies.
Savoring every drop – Vampire or Mosquito?
Authors: Fischer Dania Patricia , Zacharowski Kai D , Meybohm Patrick
Published: May 2014

Blood safety with respect to infectious complications has reached very high standards. Nevertheless, reports on transfusion-associated morbidity and mortality gain momentum. Multidisciplinary patient blood management programs can minimize unnecessary exposure to allogeneic blood products by strengthening and conserving patients’ own resources. This article outlines concepts designed to maintain hemoglobin concentration, to optimize hemostasis, and to minimize blood loss in ICUs. These measures prevent or at least alleviate hospital-acquired anemia, reduce the need for blood transfusions, and therefore have great potential to improve patient safety and medical outcome.
Multidimensional deconvolution and processing of seismic-interferometry Arctic data
Authors: Bellezza Cinzia , Poletto Flavio
Published: May 2014

Multidimensional deconvolution (MDD) by point-spread-function removes the blurring effects and the spread distortions typically generated in the signal representation by seismic interferometry (SI). Under suitable conditions, the MDD inversion of SI signals reconstructed by the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral of crosscorrelation type is a valuable and robust technique to recover the Green’s function of the subsurface. A basic requirement for the effective MDD application to SI data is to know the separated incoming and outcoming wavefields at the receivers illuminated by the real sources. We extended the MDD concept to the virtual reflector (VR) approach by crossconvolution and compared equivalent results obtained with approximations for the propagated wavefields. Examples were discussed with Arctic data of an on-ice shallow-water seismic experiment affected by strong and dispersive flexural ice wave noise. The target was to improve the signal-to-noise ratio by redatuming the sources at the sea bottom. First, we processed the raw input signals recorded by sea-bottom receivers to obtain an approximation of the incoming wavefield from on-ice sources. Then, we processed the data of the whole 2D seismic line in two different ways: applying MDD by crosscorrelation and by crossconvolution to, backward, SI and, forward, VR interferometric results, respectively. The analysis of the signals redatumed to the sea bottom showed that the flexural ice noise was significantly mitigated with respect to the conventional interferometry approach, with improved reflections for seismic investigation purposes. The agreement of the phase in the SI and VR results after MDD inversion confirmed that the approach was robust and enabled us to enhance the signals combining the stacked sections obtained by SI MDD and VR MDD. The resulting MDD SI stacked sections showed an improvement in signal quality especially at low frequencies with respect to the stacked section obtained by conventional processing of the original data.
Is There a Single Right Interpretation for Cryptic Texts?
Authors: Benjamin Shoshana
Published: May 2014

My essay argues for the proposition that there are uniquely correct interpretations for cryptic texts. By cryptic text I mean a narrative that is designed to pose perplexing problems, the answers to which constitute hidden meanings or secrets. As a test case, I choose Henry James’s much interpreted and intensely debated story “The Figure in the Carpet.” I identify the story as cryptic, single out three problems it raises, and go on to work out solutions. I use my results to develop an interpretation that can lay claim to being a single right interpretation, that is, one that accords with the understanding the author wished his reader to arrive at. The question of how that is determined hinges on the principle that cryptic puzzles have as a rule only one correct solution, which in turn may be assumed to be authorially intended, as is the case with the solution to the riddle of the Sphinx, which is right, single, and intended. I also consider various interpretations produced by other critics and show why they are not acceptable.
Research on the Infrasound Generated by Busses
Authors: Ming Zhou , Desuo Cai , Pangao Wu , Yongxiang Zhang
Published: May 2014

The interior infrasonic level in a bus is an important factor that may affect the driver and the passengers. Scientists have found that high infrasound noise can have an effect on disorganizing nervous activities in a similar manner to the effects of alcohol. This may bring potential safety risk to driving. However, attention has traditionally focused on audible noise inside various modes of transportation. There has been very little spectral data reported at infrasonic frequencies for noise inside busses. In view of this, this article applies to study of infrasound signals generated by running busses. Tests were carried out on 15 busses, three groups divided according to their used time. After measurement, the time-domain signals were transformed into the frequency-domain by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the main characteristics of bus generating infrasound were discussed in terms of the frequencies. Data derived from measurements were compared with the limits specified in existing standards and/or regulations in this field in order to evaluate the effects that bus generating infrasound may cause.
Infrasonic Signals Associated with the Aftershocks of LuShan Earthquake of April 20th, 2013
Authors: Zhu Xing , Xu Qiang , Ni Sidao , Tang Minggao , Li Zhenhua , Deng Maolin , Liu Hanxiang
Published: May 2014

On April 20th, 2013, a strong earthquake (Ms 7.0, depth of 13 km) occurred in LuShan County, Southwestern Sichuan province, China, followed by a series of aftershocks (Ms = 3.0∼5.4). Infrasonic waves associated with the earthquake were detected and recorded by a digital infrasound recording system in our lab located in Chengdu city. Fourier analysis was used to determine the amplitude and frequency characteristics of each infrasonic recording. A certain frequency distribution range was clearly identified in the spectrograms of all analyzed shocks. Furthermore, a logarithm regression relation is also found between aftershock magnitude and peak value of corresponding infrasound events in amplitude spectra based on analysis results of more than 30 observed events. This study presents a data set and an empirical relationship. This relationship requires additional testing with observations from other earthquake aftershock sequences. These results improve our understanding of local infrasound produced by the coupling of earth surface motion to the atmosphere.
Performance Analysis of Multiple Trenches in Train-Induced Wave Mitigation
Authors: Younesian Davood , Sadri Mehran
Published: May 2014

The trains passing on the railway tracks produce excessive vibrations normally propagating in the form of Rayleigh waves. Application of multiple trenches in train-induced ground vibration mitigation is studied in this paper. Ground is modeled employing the finite element method (FEM) and the train loading is simulated by series of successive moving loads. Validity of the FE model is then verified using the available experimental data in the literature. A comprehensive parametric study is then carried out and dynamic performance of the trenches is evaluated in range of high-speed operations. Effects of different parameters including the train speed and trench configurations and locations, on the vibration mitigation levels(VML) are investigated.
The Intersection between Constitution, Human Rights and the Environment: The French Charter for the Environment and the New Ex Post Constitutional Control in France
Authors: Marrani David
Published: May 2014

There is a lot to be said about how environmental issues are reshaping the way we are living in the twenty-first century. Not only are those issues affecting the human race, but they are also affecting legal orders, sometimes even in their most conservative ‘parts’. The Charter for the Environment was integrated in the French Fifth Republic Constitution in 2005. It became the legal basis of many unforeseen changes, particularly the important recognition of its value by the ‘public law’ courts. Environmental rights seem to have become human rights after the 2008 landmark decision of the French Constitutional Council on the constitutionality of the statute on GMOs. In that decision, the Council reaffirmed the constitutional value of every right and duty defined in the Charter. The impact of this statement has recently been amplified with the introduction by the 2008 constitutional amendment of an ex post constitutional control. It is, therefore, time to consider whether the rights declared in the Charter are becoming ‘true’ constitutional rights.
The Freedom of a Christian: Martin Luther’s Reformation of Law & Liberty
Authors: Witte John
Published: May 2014

Martin Luther described each person as at once sinner and saint, priest and lord. We can do nothing good; we can do nothing but good.We are utterly free; we are everywhere bound. The more a person thinks himself a saint, the more sinful in fact he becomes. The more a person thinks herself a sinner, the more saintly she in fact becomes. The more a person acts like a lord, the more he is called to be a servant. The more a person acts as a servant, the more in fact she has become a lord. This is the paradoxical nature of human life, and this is the essence of human dignity. Luther used this dialectic theology to level the traditional divisions between pope and prince, clergy and laity, aristocrat and commoner in his sixteenth-century world. And he helped to shape ongoing Protestant teachings about the need to balance authority and liberty, hierarchy and equality, rights and duties in all spheres of life, not least the church and the state.
Vorbereitungen auf das Reformationsjubiläum 2017
Authors: Käßmann Margot
Published: May 2014

In contrast to past centenaries, the preparation of the 2017 reformation quincentenary is clearly focused on showcasing an ecumenical and international dimension. It is thus intended to take into account the developments of the past decades regarding the Leuenberg Concord and the dialogue with the Roman-Catholic church and the heirs of the Anabaptist movement. The conceptual focus on the reformation and its meaning for today is accentuated equally with the preparation of an event that will, as a public celebration, reveal the ecclesiastical and secular meaning of the reformation.
Diakonische Identität in einer pluralen Gesellschaft
Authors: Starnitzke Dierk
Published: May 2014

Questions concerning the special identity of diaconal work in relation with the protestant churches cannot still be answered with a distinction between their specific character and other forms of social work and with a description of the Christian belief and motivation of the employees. Not even in the context of the modern society, but also with regress to the biblical sources especially in the New Testament, the confession of the inclusion of all men in human community forces an opening of the traditionally exclusive character of diaconal work for potentially all people, not only clients but also employees. This opening must theologically be well reflected and managed.
Perverse Bürgerinnen
Authors: Klapeer Christine M.
Published: May 2014

Sind Lesben anerkannte Bürgerinnen? Auf der Basis einer ›lesben-affirmativen‹ Herangehensweise untersucht Christine M. Klapeer das schwierige Verhältnis zwischen nicht (hetero-)normativen sexuellen Existenzweisen und der Institution Staatsbürgerschaft. Im Rekurs auf feministische, queere, postkoloniale und gouvernementalitätstheoretische Ansätze zeigt sie, wie Konstruktionen von Sexualität, Geschlecht und Rasse in Staatsbürgerschaftskonzepte eingeschrieben sind und wie der Bürgerinnenstatus von lesbischen Existenzweisen entlang dieser Strukturkategorien auf höchst widersprüchliche Weise modelliert, normiert und begrenzt wird. Auf diese Weise werden auch die heteronormativen Implikationen von Staatsbürgerschaft selbst offengelegt.
USO RACIONAL DE MEDICAMENTOS NO CONTEXTO DA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: SÓ ACESSO NÃO BASTA!
Authors: ASSIS Maurício De , LEAL Juliana
Published: May 2014

A Organização Mundial de Saúde afirma que para ocorrer Uso Racional de Medicamentos (URM) a pessoa usuária deve receber o medicamento apropriado para sua condição clínica, em dose adequada para suas necessidades, por um período de tempo suficiente, ao menor custo. Outro requisito importante é que a pessoa usuária precisa manusear o medicamento conforme suas especificidades e seguir as orientações de uso transmitidas pelos profissionais de saúde. Este estudo objetivou descrever o conhecimento dos usuários de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) sobre medicamentos, em função das informações relacionadas ao URM. Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento transversal descritivo, a coleta de dados foi realizada através de um formulário, aplicado a uma amostra aleatória dos usuários da farmácia de uma USF (N=18), entre fevereiro e março de 2012. Considerando o conhecimento do usuário acerca do nome do medicamento, identificação da embalagem do medicamento a ser utilizado, aspectos posológicos e de armazenamento, entendeu-se que o nível de conhecimento da população estuda é parcial e insuficiente para o URM, tendo em vista que os mesmos desconhecem informações essenciais. Os entrevistados recebiam o medicamento apropriado para a sua condição clínica, com dose também adequada, para utilizar no período necessário ao tratamento, sem despesa financeira e ainda assim a maioria dos entrevistados não sabia identificá-los tão pouco manusear e utilizar
adequadamente. Deve-se atrelar ao URM a adequada prestação de informações acerca da farmacoterapia, o acesso do usuário ao medicamento indicado para sua condição clínica não significa necessariamente uso racional, não basta.
FATORES QUE ALTERAM A PERCEPÇÃO DE SABOR
Authors: STRAPASSON Giovanna C. , BARREIRA Sandra M. W. , WILLE Grace M.F.C. , MULINARI Rogério A.
Published: May 2014

O sentido do paladar é geralmente considerado como menos importante em comparação com visão e audição. No
entanto, distúrbios neste sentido diminuem consideravelmente os prazeres da vida e podem levar a problemas sérios,
podendo atétornar-se um perigo de vida., já que, pessoas com sensibilidade a gosto e odor reduzidos podem tentar
compensar as perdas através do aumento da ingestão de substâncias que podem ser prejudiciais se ingeridas em excesso.
Além disso, as propriedades sensoriais dos alimentos desempenham um papel não somente na determinação do seu
consumo, como também na determinação da saciedade, ingestão e seleção do alimento numa refeição.
ESTUDO DA FARMACOTERAPIA DA DOR EM PACIENTES PÓS-CIRÚRGICOS DO HOSPITAL DE CLÍNICAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: ANTONINI Vladimir , TAMBARA Elizabeth , BAVIERA Marcelo Martins , SILVEIRA Carolina Rizzoni , SOUZA Eduardo Dias de
Published: May 2014

A dor pós-operatória é uma dor aguda de difícil controle efetivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, comparativamente com a literatura internacional, a incidência de dor pós-operatória nos pacientes submetidos a operações do aparelho digestivo, tratados com os analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios padronizados no Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR. Cem pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 19 e 65 anos, foram acompanhados desde a Unidade de Recuperação Pós- Anestésica Imediata até a alta hospitalar, ou até 72 horas após a cirurgia, através de ensaio duplamente encoberto com perguntas verbais sobre a presença e a intensidade da dor. Foi comparado o índice de dor dos pacientes que receberam dipirona e dipirona associada a cetoprofeno ou dipirona associada a tramadol ou dipirona associada a cetoprofeno e tramadol nos momentos determinados. De 91 pacientes analisados na Unidade de Recuperação Pós-anestésica Imediata, 33 reportaram dor. Entre os 93 pacientes observados desde o retorno à unidade de internação até a primeira administração de medicação do dia seguinte, 30 apresen-taram dor. No primeiro dia do período pós- operatório, 93 pacientes foram acompanhados, sendo encontrados 24 pacientes com dor. No segundo dia, de 37 pacientes internados, 11 continuavam com dor. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os pacientes que receberam dipirona isolada ou associada a outros medicamentos. O presente estudo demonstrou que a incidência de dor aguda contínua pós-operatória nos pacientes do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná tratados com os analgésicos e anti- inflamatórios padronizados foi de trinta por cento, margem mínima indicada na literatura internacional.
PROBLEMAS RELACIONADOS AO USO DE ESTEROIDES ANABÓLICOS ANDROGÊNICOS (EAA) POR PRATICANTES DE MUSCULAÇÃO E O PAPEL DO FARMACÊUTICO NA EDUCAÇÃO DESTES ATLETAS DE MODO A REDUZIR O USO INDISCRIMINADO
Authors: De SOUZA Aline Oliveira , Do NASCIMENTO Andrews Marques , COLE Eduardo Roberto
Published: May 2014

A busca pelo corpo perfeito está assumindo proporções assustadoras em todas as partes do mundo. O culto ao corpo desencadeou uma busca desenfreada por artifícios que permitam alcançar um ideal de beleza fora da realidade para a maior parte da população. Dentre estes artifícios, destaca-se o uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA), que apresentam efeitos semelhantes aos da testosterona, promovendo aumento da força de contratilidade e do volume das células musculares. O farmacêutico, enquanto profissional devidamente habilitado em medicamentos, insere-se neste contexto de forma decisiva, assumindo o papel de “educador em saúde”, esclarecendo aos usuários (ou futuros usuários) sobre os riscos inerentes a tal prática, atuando de forma decisiva no desencorajamento do uso de EAA ao se depararem nas drogarias com indivíduos intencionados a fazer o uso não médico/ilícito de EAA, procurando sempre abordagens que fujam das tradicionais campanhas de conscientização (que poucos resultados têm obtido nos últimos anos).
UM OLHAR SOBRE O DIABETES NA INFÂNCIA E NA JUVENTUDE: NEM TODOS SÃO TIPO 1
Authors: ANGHEBEM-OLIVEIRA Mauren Isfer
Published: May 2014

O Diabetes mellitus (DM) é caracterizado por um quadro de hiperglicemia crônica, que com os anos pode causar disfunçãoendotelial e sérias complicações vasculares, como a retinopatia, nefropatia e o infarto agudo do miocárdio. À medida que a ciência avança na compreensão da fisiopatologia e das características clínico-laboratoriais do diabetes, sua classificação tem sido adaptada, justamente porque a correta classificação do diabetes impacta no prognóstico e tratamento do paciente. Atualmente, o diabetes é classificado em DM tipo 1, DM tipo 2, DM gestacional e Outros Tipos Específicos, que inclui a categoria MODY (do inglês, Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) ou diabetes da maturidade com início na juventude. O que esta revisão pretende mostrar é quem nem todo diabetes diagnosticado na infância e na juventude é DM tipo 1. O correto diagnóstico e classificação do DM são fundamentais, uma vez que o prognóstico e o tratamento podem diferir dependendo da causa que predispôs a criança ou adolescente à doença.
Entgrenzung und Zusammenarbeit – die Notwendigkeit von Kooperationen im Lernraum
Authors: May Anne , Kannenberg Susanne
Published: May 2014

Die Hochschule ist ein Lernraum – dieser Satz ist für die meisten ein Allgemeinplatz. Da­hinter verbirgt sich aber weit mehr – eine entwicklungsfähige Zukunftsaufgabe, bei der es um mehr als ein räumlich-infrastrukturelles Angebot für Studierende geht. Für einen vielseitigen, zukunftsfähigen Lernraum ist die Entgrenzung institutioneller Zuständigkeiten notwendige Voraussetzung. Diese Notwendigkeit ergibt sich sowohl für die Entwicklung und den Betrieb von räumlich-technischen Infrastrukturen als auch für die Weiterentwicklung von Beratungs- und Schulungsangeboten. Dienstleistungskooperation ist nötig für zukunftsorientierte Supportangebote und lernunterstützende Dienste, wie z. B. die Vermittlung von Informations- und Medienkompetenz.

Ausgehend von oben skizziertem Lernraum-Verständnis und den von der DINI-AG Lernräume beschriebenen Lernraum-Dimensionen sollen Akteure, Services und Kooperationsaufgaben beispielhaft illustriert und Herausforderungen für eine strategische Hochschulentwicklung dargestellt werden.
Hegel and the Identity of Indiscernibles
Authors: Southgate Henry
Published: May 2014

Abstract: Hegel is commonly thought to affirm Leibniz’s principle of the identity of indiscernibles (PII), which states that no two things are exactly alike. I argue that this interpretation is mistaken: it cannot accommodate passages in which Hegel rejects PII, and the texts cited in favor of this interpretation admit of another reading, which I provide. On my view, Hegel distinguishes between different senses of PII, and the sense of PII he accepts only entails that determinacy is immanent to individuals qua concrete particulars.
The Determinants of Corporate Image for Life Insurers in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tsai-Jyh , Wan Annie
Published: May 2014

This study attempts to analyze the relationship between corporate image and business operation of life insurance companies in Taiwan. Based on the performance indicators in underwriting and financial constructs, this study conducts regression analysis to find the influential factors for corporate image of life insurers. This study finds that both underwriting and financial operations have considerable impacts on the corporate image of life insurance companies. The results indicate that consumers evaluate the corporate image based on not only the financial performance but also the quality of underwriting management, such as services provided by the insurers. The company background (e.g. subsidiary of financial holding companies or foreign insurers) does not significantly influence the corporate image. The findings of this study suggest that the life insurance companies in Taiwan should pay more attention to the underwriting activities and service quality in order to enhance their corporate image.
Gemeinsam genutzte Ressourcen von Juden und Christen – eine Chance zur Integration?
Authors: Ullmann Sabine
Published: May 2014

In the agricultural societies of Early Modern History Jews did not only have a share in the available rural common property such as water, pasture or woodland, they also had to pay their share of community charges. The conflicts arising from this contribution are outlined, as in the case of a controversy in Pfersee, a village near Augsburg, during the War of the Spanish Succession. The topic deals with the long-term historical change within the relationship of both religious groups resulting from the exchange processes in terms of the utilization of resources and burden-sharing. The arguments of the Jewish side favoured ›equal‹ contributions while the Christian villagers regarded themselves as the exclusive owners of municipal rights but claimed higher rates from the Jews. Between 1703 and 1712 the dispute in Pfersee culminated in the fundamental question as to whether the Jews were »cives romani« and therefore to be put on an equal footing with the Christians. In the following debate both sides can refer to positions of the contemporary legal literature that ultimately reflect the contradictory or interpretable position of the Jews.
Innerjüdische Streitigkeiten vor christlichen Gerichten
Authors: Siluk Avraham
Published: May 2014

Norms and regulations of medieval and early modern Jewish communities forbade Jews from bringing other Jews to trial in front of Christian courts. In spite of this prohibition there were several cases, in which Jews sued other Jews in courts of Christian authorities. One example is a dispute between the Jewish intercessor, Jakob Süßmann , and the Jewish community of Frankfurt , which was processed before the Frankfurt council. The said case, which started as a local affair took a surprising course and affected, in the end, whole Jewish communities in the Holy Roman Empire. Through this case, the essay shows that not only the infraction of, but also compliance with the norms could lead to unexpected complications. In addition, the essay argues that the examination of such court cases would reveal valuable information about Jewish efforts of political organization.
Hierarchische
Speichereinsatzoptimierung
Authors: Nicolai Steffen , Bretschneider Peter , Westermann Dirk
Published: May 2014

In diesem Beitrag wird ein hierarchischer Ansatz zum optimalen Einsatz
von stationären elektrischen Energiespeichern unter besonderer
Beachtung des hybriden Speicherkonzeptes vorgestellt. An Hand eines
Praxisbeispiels wird die Vorgehensweise beim Entwurf und der
Implementierung einer Betriebsführungslösung für hybride
Speichersysteme dargestellt und erste Ergebnisse präsentiert.
The Role of Infrastructure in Mitigating Poverty Dynamics: The Case of an Irrigation Project in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sawada Yasuyuki , Shoji Masahiro , Sugawara Shinya , Shinkai Naoko
Published: May 2014

While it is known that access to physical infrastructure enhances household welfare, there are very few micro-econometric studies that analyze its role in mitigating chronic and transient poverty. This paper aims to bridge this gap in the existing literature by evaluating the impact of a large-scale irrigation infrastructure project implemented in Sri Lanka. It identifies the treatment effect of irrigation access by exploiting a situation where the government used lotteries to distribute irrigated plots. Furthermore, in order to disentangle the channels through which the irrigation reduces poverty, we extend the seasonal consumption smoothing model of Paxson (1993; “Consumption and Income Seasonality in Thailand.” Journal of Political Economy 191(1):39–72) by introducing endogenous credit constraints. Using unique household level monthly panel data over a year, it is shown that with irrigation accessibility, not only the average income increases but also the patterns of income fluctuation changes and the probability of binding credit constraint declines through which transient poverty is mitigated. These empirical results suggest that irrigation infrastructure has a positive impact on reducing both chronic and transient poverty directly and indirectly by improving income and relaxing credit constraints.
The Impact of Korea’s Green Growth Policies on the National Economy and Environment
Authors: Hwang Won-Sik , Oh Inha , Lee Jeong-Dong
Published: May 2014

The Korean government has recently established national and sectoral mid-term greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. Specifically, the country must reduce its total GHG emissions by 30% compared to business-as-usual (BAU) by 2020. This study has two main purposes. First, the study aims to measure the economic impacts of pursuing and achieving the government’s GHG reduction targets. Second, it aims to estimate each major policy’s potential GHG emission reductions in the various sectors. We use the computable general equilibrium model and develop three scenarios to examine the economic and environmental impacts of Korea’s green growth policies – a baseline scenario wherein the national economy proceeds without green growth policies; scenario A, wherein the government imposes national and sectoral emission reduction targets without adopting green technologies; and scenario B, wherein the government adopts policy and technology as renewable portfolio standard and carbon capture and storage. The simulation results from scenario A indicate that the government’s mid-term targets could pose a significant challenge to Korea’s national economy. In addition, the results from scenario B indicate that low-carbon green policy and technology will play an important role in reducing GHG emissions.
韩国留学生篇章宏观信息结构的习得特点及其制约因素—以论证性语篇为考察中心
Authors: 张 迎宝
Published: May 2014

提要

篇章宏观信息结构是负载不同功能的各种高层次信息单元之间建构起的一种功能关系网络。韩国留学生论证性语篇宏观信息结构的习得总体体现为一个由低到高逐渐向汉语母语者靠拢的系统化进阶的过程。这一习得过程的特点表现在：习得过程的有阶性与无界性；各构成参项演进方向的一致性、发展轨迹的变异性和发展水平的差异性；学习主体型例选用的偏好性；型例量变在标记阶差异中的主导性；演进过程的系统性。该过程受到篇章内、外部多种因素的制约。
Errata to Algebraic points on Shimura curves of Γ0(p)-type
(J. reine angew. Math., DOI 10.1515/crelle-2012-0068)
Authors: Arai Keisuke , Momose Fumiyuki
Published: May 2014

This is an erratum to http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2012-0068.
The Paradox of Translation
Authors: Petrilli Susan
Published: May 2014

For a good translation the “interpretant sign” or “translatant” must not only repeat the “interpreted sign”, the “translated sign”, the original text in translation, but also must respond to it with interpretants of “answering comprehension”. In interlingual translation, the relation between the “interpreted” and the “interpretant” is oriented by the logic of responsive creativity, dialogism and otherness, by iconic similarity and abductive inference. Interlingual translation involves the disposition to respond to the word of the other in the form of reported, indirect discourse masked as direct discourse. The paradox of a good translation, which is the same text as the original but other from it, is the paradox of the sign.
A Semiotic Perspective on the Language of Science
Authors: Solomonick Abraham
Published: May 2014

A scientific language is created by combining the three layers of signs that I describe in this paper: technical terms (some of them being concepts), normal language and symbols. Every scientific language is different because the groups of signs that can express the main features of the particular science are different. If these features can only be expressed using pictures and words, the extent to which they can be deeply and unambiguously described is limited. If the objects under investigation can be given multiple designations using highly abstract signs (symbols), we must develop new ways to handle and analyze them
The Back of Mnemosyne A Cultural-semiotic Analysis of the Forgetting Mechanism of Culture
Authors: Yu Hongbing
Published: May 2014

The construction of culture as a nonhereditary memory of the community is selective, with cultural forgetting functioning as one of its internal mechanisms. Based on Lotmanian Semiotic typology, cultural forgetting should be divided into such three types as forgetting of the text, forgetting of the rule and forgetting of the code. The main function of cultural forgetting is to ensure the formation and maintenance of cultural memory, which is manifested in three aspects: establishing cultural identity concerning the infusion of new texts, rules and codes, the external function concerning non-culture and anti-culture in the process of cultural interaction and expansion, and the internal cultural function concerning old culture and the past in the process of internal changes in specific cultures.
An Analysis of Symbolized Character Images and Dual Discourses in Comic Novels
Authors: Pan Zhaoyi , Pan Xinning
Published: May 2014

At the beginning of the 21st century, a new type of novel appeared, i.e. the comic novel. The fundamental feature of comic novels is the symbolization of character images. Symbolized character images convey dual discourses: (i) a comic discourse that is produced by the special methods of cartoons and is characteristic of such aesthetic effects as fun, humor and absurdity, and (ii) a tragic discourse that is conveyed by symbolized character images and is metaphoric. The combination of the superficial comic discourse and the deep tragic discourse of the character images endows comic novels with unique artistic charms, namely the defamiliarization effect and artistic tension.
Peirce on Wonder, Inquiry and the Semiotic Ubiquity of Surprise
Authors: Cooke Elizabeth F.
Published: May 2014

This paper examines the relationship between surprise and wonder. Peirce develops a phenomenology of surprise as central to inquiry. In his essay “A Neglected Argument for the Reality of God”, Peirce examines this phenomenon of surprise in relation to the three semiotic universes: firstness, secondness, and thirdness. “Every inquiry whatsoever takes its rise in the observation, in one or another of the three Universes, of some surprising phenomenon”. Inquiry begins by contemplating one of the universes of signs, or their relations upon the discovery of some new and surprising dimension of these universes or their relations. Apparently one could begin inquiry and wonder about virtually anything, but what exactly motivates this process, and why is it motivated in some people sometimes and not others? And, further, what is the relationship between surprise and wonder when we consider that, for Peirce, surprise is ubiquitous throughout our experience? I argue that surprise is a form of error recognition, and that what distinguishes those surprises that lead to wonder is that they regard previous beliefs that we truly care about. Wonder in particular (as opposed to other inquiries) is prompted when a surprise reveals an error in a belief that we care about, making the pursuit to settle the question that arises a deeply personal one.
Tartu Semiotics in 2012
Authors: Kull Kalevi
Published: May 2014

Semiotics can be defined as the study of what can err, thus generalizing Umberto Eco’s definition. Introducing the fourth section on the Tartu School of semiotics for Chinese Semiotic Studies, the focus is put on the recent developments and the current state at the center of semiotics in Tartu.
Pragmatical Aspects of Models of Sociocultural Space
Authors: Remm Tiit
Published: May 2014

Spatial metalanguage is frequently used as a descriptive tool in social and cultural theories. This article analyses Lotman’s, Sorokin’s and Bourdieu’s models. Spatial models of the sociocultural world provide descriptions of the world and are at the same time doubly dynamic - first due to their aim of explaining sociocultural change and meaning-generation and secondly due to pragmatical aspects of modeling where these models originate. The understanding of modeling system in the field of semiotics as either a syntactic structure or as a field of sociocultural activities points also to two pragmatical fields of models of sociocultural space, the building of a conceptual world and the building of a material world.
New Ways of Thinking–Part I Thinking about the World: Metaphysics and Epistemology
Authors: Pearson Charls
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this paper is to warn that, as a new science, semiotics will introduce new problems, new ways of thinking, and new ways of solving all problems. These new characteristics must be discovered by the hard work of trial and error. The first two sections of the paper introduce a new way of looking at the world semiotically. Section 3 details how semiotic structure makes this new woridview possible. Section 4 suggests that this new woridview can lead to a unification of science and phenomenology, while section 5 suggests that this unification of science and phenomenology can provide an analytical continuity between the two, similar to the analytical continuity between algebra and geometry provided by analytical geometry. Section 6 provides several examples of new ways of thinking including my favorite whipping boy-a new golden age of mathematics is coming; it will be a triadic mathematics and it must be developed by us, the semioticists of the 21st century, in order to solve the problems encountered by the new semiotic science. Other examples are also discussed or suggested.
Peirce’s Semeiotic and the Normative Basis of Inquiry
Authors: Liszka James Jakób
Published: May 2014

Peirce's formal rhetoric is the least developed of his three branches of semeiotic. I argue that Peirce intended formal rhetoric to be a general theory of inquiry. Peirce recognized that semeiotic requires a cooperative effort by inquirers guided by certain methodological and normative principles and was thus one of the three normative sciences. Thus formal rhetoric is subject to normative considerations. The purpose of this paper is to give some body to the skeleton outline originally provided by Peirce. I start with an outline of his formal rhetoric and conclude that Peirce appeared to treat three dimensions of inquiry ·. 1) a proper community of inquirers; 2) a proper method of inquiry; and 3 ) the proper goals of inquiry. Each of these three dimensions has a normative aspect which makes the connection between semeiotic and ethics much clearer. The most important factors in scientific inquiry have been the moral ones such as love of truth and recognition of science's social and public nature. These normative factors have an impact on inquiry in at least three respects: 1 ) the ethos of the community of inquiry; 2 ) the cultivation of feelings and sentiments, forms of communication, and the virtues of inquirers; and 3) the goals of inquiry necessary for success in the long run. The normative aspect of inquiry leads to speculative rhetoric which privileges certain forms of communication and certain goals of inquiry. Spelling these out in detail leads to Peirce's novel point that pure reason or pure logic alone is not enough to discover knowledge, but that it requires the effort of a historical community of inquirers, cooperating in the right sort of community
Indexical Reference to Absent Objects
Authors: West Donna
Published: May 2014

Tracking the use of index from early ages to later childhood reveals that indexical signs evolve from those in physical contiguity with their objects (spatially and temporally) to indexes which are used apart from the presence of their objects. An analysis of how recognition of the continued substance of objects, despite their absence, and direct reference to absent objects by means of indexical signs, constitutes a bridge from adherence to an existential relationship between index and object, to a loosening of that connection. Such analyses draw upon pre-linguistic cognitive studies, such as Baldwin and Saylo’s current work, as well as Bühlens deictic continuum. Finally, it is argued that Peirce's concept of index is not unlike Jakobson's-although Peirce and Jakobson require contiguity between index and object, such contiguity need not be both spatial and temporal
An Explication of the Emperor Scepter Symbol of Ancient Babylon and Ancient China with Oraclebone and Bronze Inscriptions and Relics in Sanxingdui Ruins
Authors: Chi Xinyan
Published: May 2014

In this article I argue that certain commonalities of ideology, belief and cultural practice existed between the ancient Babylonian empire and ancient Chinese Bronze age empires regarding theocracy, kingship, and governance derived from and represented by the Chinese imperial scepter. Evidence adduced is drawn from the description and use of imperial scepters recorded in ancient Chinese texts, hieroglyphic representations of scepters, material scepters and oracle-bones and their inscriptions, other artifacts unearthed at archaeological sites in China’s Sichuan Basin, astrological instruments, Babylonian stele and inscriptions and the Babylonian zodiac.
Iconicity and the Language of Text Messages in Nigeria
Authors: Adamo Grace E. , Igene Stella I.
Published: May 2014

There is a principle of language that impels users to prefer linguistic choices that are more effective for them in any communication context. These choices vividly render some aspects of the world described or express more clearly their own hierarchy of relevance. Based on this semiotic principle, this paper examines the nature of text messaging among Nigerian youths and investigates how non-arbitrariness reveals itself in the structuring and patterning of the text messages used by Nigerian youths. It observes the creative ways in which language is manipulated to serve the purpose of brevity, which is the hallmark of text messages, and yet communicates effectively. It observes that these linguistic patterns identify the youths stylistically creating new prescriptive rules for written language. The communicative behavior presented through these linguistic choices is basically iconic.
The Structure of C. S. Peirce’s Ten-Sign Classification System: An Exploration in Formal Semeiotic
Authors: McCurdy William James
Published: May 2014

Peirce’s ten-sign classification system has the mathematical structure of a bounded, complete tri-lattice; that is, it is a network organized by a specific kind of triadicordering relation over the set of his ten special sign classes having additional properties and privileged members. This triadic relation is what “in-forms” the contents of Peirce’s mysterious diagram. Triadic-ordering relations were discovered and first used by the author to account for the mathematico-logical properties of Peirce’s semeiotic relation and later for other structures in Peirce’s philosophy.
Competition in aluminium phosphinate-based halogen-free flame retardancy of poly(butylene terephthalate) and its glass-fibre composites
Authors: Brehme Sven , Köppl Thomas , Schartel Bernhard , Altstädt Volker
Published: May 2014

Aluminium diethylphosphinate (AlPi-Et) and inorganic aluminium phosphinate with resorcinol-bis(di-2,6-xylyl phosphate) (AlPi-H+RXP) were compared with each other as commercially available halogen-free flame retardants in poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) as well as in glass-fibre-reinforced PBT (PBT/GF). Pyrolysis behaviour and flame retardancy performance are reported in detail. AlPi-H+RXP released phosphine at very low temperatures, which can become a problem during processing. AlPi-Et provided better limiting oxygen index (LOI) values and UL 94 ratings for bulk and PBT/GF than AlPi-H+RXP. Both flame retardants acted via three different flame-retardancy mechanisms in bulk as well as in PBT/GF, namely, flame inhibition, increased amount of char, and a protection effect of the char. AlPi-Et was more efficient in decreasing the total heat evolved of PBT in the cone calorimeter test. AlPi-H+RXP reduced the peak heat release rate of PBT more efficiently than AlPi-Et. An optimum loading of AlPi-Et in PBT/GF was found, which was below the supplier’s recommendation. This loading provides a maximum increase in LOI and a maximum decrease in total heat evolved.
Cynicism and Guilt in International Law after Rwanda
Authors: Russi Luigi
Published: May 2014

Framing the Rwandan genocide as a “failure” of international law forces one to approach it as an unintended consequence of an otherwise benign system of formal relations between states. The present article looks at it instead as a physiological product of international law, disclosing the possibility to contemplate the latter as a fundamentally imperialistic system pegged on the controversial notion of “rule of law”. International law embodies a system of legalised extraction swaying between cynicism and guilt: despite its real face showing on occasions like Rwanda, it keeps revamping itself so as to prevent a fundamental appraisal of the contradictory nature of the system as a whole.
Multiple solutions for a Dirichlet quasilinear system containing a parameter
Authors: Heidarkhani Shapour , Henderson Johnny
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we apply two theorems from triple critical points theory
to establish the existence of at least three solutions
for the quasilinear second order differential equations on a
compact interval

[
a
,
b
]
⊂
ℝ

$[a,b]\subset \mathbb {R}$

,

-

(

p
i

-
1
)

|

u

i

'

(
x
)

|

p
i

-
2

u

i

'
'

(
x
)

=
λ

F

u
i

(
x
,

u
1

,
⋯
,

u
n

)

h
i

(
x
,

u

i

'

)

,

x
∈

(
a
,
b
)

,

u
i

(
a
)

=

u
i

(
b
)

=
0
,

$
{\left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll}
-(p_{i}-1)|u_{i}^{\prime }(x)|^{p_{i}-2}u_{i}^{\prime \prime }(x)=\lambda F_{u_{i}}(x,u_{1},\dots ,u_{n})h_{i}(x,u_{i}^{\prime }),
& x\in (a,b),
u_{i}(a)=u_{i}(b)=0,
\end{array}\right.}
$

for

1
≤
i
≤
n

$1\le i\le n$

, under appropriate hypotheses. The obtained results extend some existing
results on the subject.
Transformation of the quasiconformal reflection coefficient and of the Fredholm eigenvalue
Authors: Kühnau Reiner
Published: May 2014

The behavior of the quasiconformal reflection coefficient and of the Fredholm eigenvalue of a
plane analytic Jordan curve is studied under the square root transformation.
Dynamical contact problems with friction for hemitropic elastic solids
Authors: Gachechiladze Avtandil , Gachechiladze Roland , Natroshvili David
Published: May 2014

In the present paper we investigate a three-dimensional
boundary-contact problem of dynamics for a homogeneous hemitropic
elastic medium with regard to friction. We prove the uniqueness theorem
using the corresponding Green formulas and positive definiteness of the potential energy.
To analyze the existence of solutions we reduce equivalently the problem
under consideration to a spatial variational inequality.
We consider a special parameter-dependent regularization of this variational inequality
which is equivalent to the relevant regularized variational equation
depending on a real parameter and study its solvability by the Faedo–Galerkin method.
Some a priori estimates for solutions of the regularized variational
equation are established and with the help of an appropriate
limiting procedure the existence theorem for the original
contact problem with friction is proved.