bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in cancer management and opportunities
Authors: Neupane Prakash Raj
Published: October 2019

Cancer Care is a heavily invested and researched area in present context of development of medical science. As the burden of disease is increasing and treatment options are limited, especially in economically deprived regions, this is demanding more viable, modern and cost effective methods for diagnosis and treatment. This is driving to the need of more locally conducted research, more technical collaboration with advanced institutes and of course publishing of high quality data. We are gradually adapting new technology like Liquid based biopsy in diagnostics, targeted/ Immunotherapy in treatment and artificial intelligence in some therapies. These have proven effective and useful but at the huge cost of financial burden. New therapeutic modalities like BMT are emerging and gained importance in recent years.

Cancer etiogenesis has heterogeneous components and this disease has very unpredictable biological behavior. Understanding of molecular biology, genetics, gene sequencing has given us tremendous amount of information for prognostics and prediction of treatment methods. Proper explanation and interpretation of so much so of information is very crucial. Clinicians and scientists should be learning and there should be provision for molecular tumor board as well. Slowly but gradually, the new generation care givers of the field of oncology should keep them at the edge of technology and should be able to understand the recent developments to give individualized care to patient and optimal use of available technology to tackle the disease.

Writing and publishing in more standard formats is another important issue to be learned so as to communicate with the peers world wide. So we encourage the young oncologists to learn in this regard as well.
Trans-perineal Prostate Biopsy under Trans-rectal Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: Xu Hui , Lamichhane Nirmal
Published: October 2019

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males in the western world and is an emerging malignancy in eastern world as well. It is less invasive and easily curable in early stages. It requires efficient and accurate diagnosis strategy to detect it early. To date, the standard diagnosis procedure involves a blind biopsy with a high rate of false negative results. Trans-perineal prostate biopsy is re-emerging after decades of being an underused alternative to trans-rectal biopsy guided by trans-rectal ultrasonography. In order to overcome these limitations, the paper proposes the method and advantages of trans-perineal prostate biopsy.
Application of Flap in Repairing Defect of Orbital Tumor
Authors: Ma Ying-Hui , Liu Gang , Yang Jie
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Orbital tumors can extensively damage the upper and lower eyelid, peri-orbital skin, periorbital peri-bulbar tissue and eyeball. The complete removal of the tumor and the tissue destroyed by the tumor often leaves a large tissue defect area. Therefore, the application of flap in repairing defect after exenteration of orbital tumor is of paramount importance. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical value of skin fl ap in repairing defect after exenteration of orbital tumor.

Methods: From January 2008 to December 2017, there were 101 patients with orbital tumors, including 47 malignant and 54 benign tumors. All patients underwent excision of tumor while skin flap was used to repair tissue defects of different degrees. Postoperative observation showed the survival and functional recovery of tissue flap. Results: The skin flaps of the patients were completely alive after operation, the defect was completely closed, and the flaps were viable as of color of the flaps. Quality of life score significantly improved after flap surgery.

Conclusion: The flap is used to repair the skin defect after orbital tumor surgery, which is helpful to improve the quality of life of patients with orbital tumor.
Adrenal Leiomyoma: a Rare Tumor Presented as an Incidentaloma in a Women with Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma
Authors: Bastakoti Shankar , Lamichhane Nirmal , Shrestha Sadina , Dhungana Ishan
Published: October 2019

Adrenal leiomyoma is a rare neoplasm and usually associated with adrenal vein or its tributaries. These are benign in nature and are composed of smooth muscle cells. A sixty years Normotensive, non-HIV lady presented with right adnexal mass diagnosed as Mature Cystic Teratoma along with adrenal incidentalomas for which laparoscopic adrenalectomy was done and histopathology diagnosis was Leiomyoma. These are more common in immunocompromised patients especially HIV and or EBV infection. Adrenal incidentalomas can have a hormone secreting functions or they can be malignant tumors hence a proper evaluation and treatment should be performed.
Editor's Note Vol.1(1)
Authors: KC Vikas Kumar
Published: October 2019

No Abstract available
The Cultural Negotiation: A Shift of Paradigm between First and Second Generation Immigrants in Lahiri’s The Namesake
Authors: Bhandari Nagendra Bahadur
Published: October 2019

Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake explores the cultural negotiation of first and second generation Indian immigrants in America. They oscillate between two cultural spaces i.e. Indian and American searching cultural identity. This study makes an attempt to analyze the paradigm shift between the first and second generations in their cultural negotiation. Their experience of identity crisis, the process of assimilation in the host culture, the deculturation and acculturation processes, the reactions to the discriminatory practices and sense of belonging are examined. They are analyzed by using the theoretical concepts of Hall’s cultural identity and Bhabha’s third space. The cultural negotiation experienced by these two generations in diasporic hybrid cultural space renders fluid and unstable cultural identity. However, the differing approaches adopted by these two generations in their cultural negotiation results in diverse experiences.
Stability of structured sheet metals during buckling
Authors: Ermilova Evgenia , Kazak Fedor , Weiß Sabine
Published: October 2019

Structured materials can be a progressive alternative to commonly used flat sheets. There is an enormous range of possibilities for using structured sheet metals due to their better stability. However, the effective use of these materials as well as their implementation in production requires precise knowledge about specific properties of structured sheet metals. The aim of this work is to obtain new knowledge about stiffness and stability during the deformation of this material. The structured sheet metals were investigated by means of buckling tests. The steel type investigated is a commonly used deep-drawing steel DC04. Six types of structure arrangements were compared to non-structured (flat) specimens as a reference. The influence of the type of structure arrangement as well as the deformation speed on the mechanical properties was investigated.
Effects of various vitamin C amounts on the green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Mindivan Ferda , Göktaş Meryem
Published: October 2019

In this study, a simple and green chemistry approach is described for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). To this aim, we used a novel reducing agent (vitamin C) for the synthesis of RGO. The GO was reduced at different weight ratios of vitamin C:GO (1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1). The XRD, FTIR and EDS results showed the deoxygenation of GO due to the loss of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy groups. The thermal stability of the GO was lower than those of all the RGO powders, and the BET surface area of the GO was much lower than those of all the RGO powders. The results showed that the structural and thermal properties of RGO powders depend on the ratio of vitamin C:GO. When the ratio is 1:1, the RGO powder has the best thermal stability, and the highest BET surface area (m2g−1) was found to be a 2:1 ratio.
Taxonomic notes on five species of the family Depressariidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea), described by Aristide Caradja from the Russian Far East
Authors: Lvovsky A.L. , Stanescu M.
Published: October 2019

The type material of five species of the flat moths described by Aristide Caradja from the Russian Far East and originally placed within the genus Depressaria Haworth, 1811 were examined. Four of these species now belong to the genus Agonopterix Hübner, [1825] and one to Exaeretia Stainton, 1849. Three new synonyms are established: Agonopterix pallorella (Zeller, 1839) = Depressaria divergella Caradja, 1920, syn. nov.; Agonopterixmultiplicella (Erschoff, 1877) = Depressaria sutschanella Caradja, 1926, syn.nov.; and Exaeretia exquisitella (Caradja, 1920), comb. nov. = Exaeretia amurella Lvovsky, 1990, syn. nov. A new systematic status is proposed for Depressaria rimulella Caradja, 1920 as Agonopterix liturosa rimulella (Caradja, 1920), comb. nov., stat. demotus.
Structural constraints for dynamic operators in abstract argumentation
Authors: Wallner Johannes P.
Published: October 2019

Many recent studies of dynamics in formal argumentation within AI focus on the well-known formalism of Dung’s argumentation frameworks (AFs). Despite the usefulness of AFs in many areas of argumentation, their abstract notion of arguments creates a barrier for operators that modify a given AF, e.g., in the case that dependencies between arguments have been abstracted away that are important for subsequent modifications. In this paper we aim to support development of dynamic operators on formal models in abstract argumentation by providing constraints imposed on the modification of the structure that can be used to incorporate information that has been abstracted away. Towards a broad reach, we base our results on the general formalism of abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) in abstract argumentation. To show applicability, we present two cases studies that adapt an existing extension enforcement operator that modifies AFs: in the first case study, we show how to utilize constraints in order to obtain an enforcement operator on ADFs that is allowed to only add support relations between arguments, and in the second case study we show how an enforcement operator on AFs can be defined that respects dependencies between arguments. We show feasibility of our approach by studying the complexity of the proposed structural constraints and the operators arising from the case studies, and by an experimental evaluation of an answer set programming (ASP) implementation of the enforcement operator based on supports.
An endogenous mechanism of business cycles
Authors: Kroujiline Dimitri , Gusev Maxim , Ushanov Dmitry , Sharov Sergey V. , Govorkov Boris
Published: October 2019

This paper suggests that business cycles may be a manifestation of coupled real economy and stock market dynamics and describes a mechanism that can generate economic fluctuations consistent with observed business cycles. To this end, we seek to incorporate into the macroeconomic framework a dynamic stock market model based on opinion interactions ( Gusev et al., 2015 ). We derive this model from microfoundations, provide its empirical verification, demonstrate that it contains the efficient market as a particular regime and establish a link through which macroeconomic models can be attached for the study of real economy and stock market interaction. To examine key effects, we link it with a simple macroeconomic model ( Blanchard, 1981 ). The coupled system generates nontrivial endogenous dynamics, which exhibit deterministic and stochastic features, producing quasiperiodic fluctuations (business cycles). We also inspect this system’s behavior in the phase space. The real economy and the stock market coevolve dynamically along the path governed by a stochastically-forced dynamical system with two stable equilibria, one where the economy expands and the other where it contracts, resulting in business cycles identified as the coherence resonance phenomenon. Thus, the incorporation of stock market dynamics into the macroeconomic framework, as presented here, allows the derivation of realistic behaviors in a tractable setting.
Dynamic response time model of metal foam magnetorheological damper
Authors: Yao Xing-Yan , Pecht Michael
Published: October 2019

Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a smart device which the damping force can be adjusted according to the working operations in a short time. Metal foam MR damper is a new type of MR dampers in which uses the metal foam to store and release the MR fluids. The dynamic response time of the metal foam MR damper is quite different due to the added metal foam especially for the dynamic response time model. This paper proposed a dynamic response time model for the metal foam MR damper based on the demonstration of the working mechanisms and the factors about the response behaviors.
Group Guidance Effectiveness through Bibliotherapy to Reduce Academic Anxiety
Authors: Sriferina Olivia , Alizamar Alizamar , Marjohan Marjohan
Published: October 2019

Academic anxiety experienced by students in the teaching and learning process in schools often inhibits learning achievement optimally even though various counseling, students should be able to develop the potential within themselves without worrying, but here there are many students who cannot explore the potential within themselves so that academic anxiety occurs. for that we need a group guidance service using the bibliotherapy method. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of group guidance services through bibliotherapy to reduce students' academic anxiety. The research methodology used was quasi experiment. The subjects of this study were 8 grade students of MTsN 6 & MTsN 2 Padang with 10 subjects in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. The research instrument used instrument of academic anxiety. The results showed that there were significant differences in the academic anxiety of the experimental group before (pretest) and after (posttest) taking group guidance services with bibliotherapy and could not have a significant difference in the control group's academic anxiety before (pretest) and after (posttest). The implications of this study are as a basis for counselors to reduce students' academic anxiety.
A long-term analysis of the common agricultural policy financial subsidies towards Italian farms
Authors: Galluzzo Nicola
Published: October 2019

In Italy since 2000 there has been a significant decrease of farms and a notable increase of the usable agricultural areas. In order to reduce the socioeconomic marginalization in rural territories the European Union has supported financially the rural development in a pattern of pluriactivity and productive diversification in farms. The core purpose of this research was to assess by a multiple regression model the impact of financial subsidies allocated by the Common Agricultural Policy on the farmer net income since 2004 to 2016 in Italian farms belonging to the Farm Accountancy Data Network. Findings have pointed out a direct impact of financial supports disbursed by the European Union; by contrast, no impacts have had payments disbursed by the second pillar. Drawing the conclusions, it is fundamental to increase the financial supports of the Common Agricultural Policy aimed at implementing the land capital endowment which is the one of the main bottlenecks in Italian farms.
Diversity and population densities of coraciiform birds in Zambezi riparian forest
Authors: G. Kopij
Published: October 2019

A territory mapping method was used in 2015 to assess the population density of coraciiform species breeding in a riparian forest on the Zambezi River near Katima Mulilo, NE Namibia. The forest, c. 280 ha in surface area, was partly transformed by human settlement and arable grounds. A total of 13 species and 42 breeding pairs were recorded. Population densities were (pairs/100 ha) as follows: grey–headed kingfisher 4.3; giant, pied and woodland kingfisher, each one with 1.1; malachite kingfisher 0.7; striped kingfisher 0.4; white–fronted bee–eater 1.4; little bee–eater 1.1; lilac–breasted roller 0.7; broad–billed roller 1.1; African hoopoe 0.7; red–billed wood–hoopoe 1.1; and scimitar–billed wood–hoopoe 0.4.

Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/s9rlud).
Effect of eucalyptus bark contamination during pulping of mixed southern hardwoods
Authors: B. SANTOS RICARDO , W. HART PETER
Published: October 2019

The use of eucalyptus as a partial replacement for mixed southern hardwoods can result in significant amounts of eucalyptus bark being incorporated into the chips going to the digester. When eucalyptus is first harvested, the bark peels off in large sheets, which will pass through chippers designed for southern hardwood. After being cut for more than about 4–6 weeks, the bark tightens onto the bole of the tree and again passes through chippers not designed for eucalyptus. As a result, significant quantities of eucalyptus bark could go to the digester. This study describes the effect of pulping eucalyptus bark in the laboratory. A series of control studies were performed on eucalyptus and mixed southern hardwood bark. The results show that incorporating bark into the cook results in increased kappa number, decreased pulp yield, and increased alkali consumption. If the percentage of applied active alkali is increased to counteract the increased alkali consumption, increased hexenuronic acid is generated
Investigation of Flame Retardant rPET Foam
Authors: Szabó Veronika Anna , Dogossy Gábor
Published: October 2019

The use of plastics in the food and the packaging industries continuously is increasing. In these areas of use the product’s life cycle is short, therefore it quickly turns into waste. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - the material that is used as beverage containers - are the material with the greatest environmental load. The physical recycling of PET bottles in large quantities was the research goal. During the work with the help of chemical foaming a closed cell structural foam from PET bottle was produced. The research was carried out with upcycling using chain extender and impact modifier additives. For industrial use a bromine-based flame retardant was used and excellent flame retardancy was achieved. Based on the results obtained, the material previously managed as waste, with the appropriate treatment can be involved into the manufacturing of new products.
Daftar Isi
Authors: Ash Siddiq Raden Herdian Bayu
Published: October 2019

DAFTAR ISI
Sosial Budaya, Koping dan Dukungan Sosial terhadap Kecemasan Remaja Kelas VII di SMPN 276
Authors: Ciptiasrini Uci , Putri Andiana Kanendyah
Published: October 2019

Remaja yakni masa transisi dari kanak-kanak menuju dewasa dimana terjadi perkembangan dan perubahan yang sangat pesat.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan sosial budaya, respon koping dan dukungan sosial terhadap tingkat kecemasan remaja awal pada perkembangan seksualitas kelas VII di SMPN 276 Jakarta tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, desain deskriptif analitik menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah populasi 216 responden dan sampel 140 responden dengan teknik random sampling menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dengan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil univariat didapatkan 50 orang (35,7%) memiliki tingkat kecemasan sedang, 80 orang (57,1%) memiliki sosial budaya yang buruk, 76 orang (54,3%) memiliki koping maladaptif, 85 orang (60,7%) memiliki dukungan sosial rendah. Hasil bivariat menunjukkan sosial budaya (P value = 0,009), respon koping (P value = 0,007), dukungan sosial (P value = 0,014) memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat kecemasan remaja awal pada perkembangan seksualitas. Dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan sosial budaya, respon koping dan dukungan sosial terhadap tingkat kecemasan remaja awal pada perkembangan seksualitas. Diharapkan remaja memahami informasi tentang perkembangan seksualitas pada remaja sehingga siap menghadapi perkembangan seksualitas tersebut.
Effects of tillage practices and nutrient management on crop productivity and profitability in Jute-T. aman rice- onion cropping system
Authors: Salahin N , Alam MK , Shil NC , Mondol ATM AI , Alam MJ
Published: October 2019

Conservation agriculture (CA) with appropriate nutrient management can help increase crop production, improve soil health and bring economic return. An experiment was conducted at farmer’s field of Rajbari district under Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-12) during 2017-2018 to evaluate the effects of tillage and nutrient management on the system productivity and profitability in the jute - T. Aman rice- onion cropping system. Strip tillage (ST) for jute, non-puddling for T. Aman rice and one pass minimum tillage (MT) for onion was contrasted with conventional crop establishment practice (CT). Four different nutrient management practices were NM1: farmer’s practice (FP), NM2: soil test based (STB) fertilizer, NM3:25% extra of STB and NM4: organic amendments (20 % nutrients from cowdung). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications by assigning tillage practices in main plots and nutrient management in sub-plots. The yield attributes of jute, T. Aman rice and onion responded similarly to tillage practices. On the other hand, the system productivity and yield of component crops varied due to different nutrient management practices (p<0.05). The highest fibre yield of jute (3.64 t ha-1) was obtained in 25% extra of STB fertilizer dose; the highest T. Aman yield (6.02 t ha-1) and the highest onion bulb yield (16.0 t ha-1) in 20 % organic nutrient management, followed by25 % extra of STB fertilizer dose. The highest system productivity was also produced by 20 % organic amendments (33.6 t ha-1), followed by 25 % extra of STB fertilizer dose (32.3 t ha-1). The lowest yield of crops and system productivity was recorded in FP (28.6 t ha-1).The increased yield of T. Aman rice and onion in 20 % organic amendment by cowdung and ST resulted in the highest net return (NR) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR), while 25% extra of STB and FP under CT gave the lowest NR and BCR. Residual nutrient from successive use of cowdung combined with chemical fertilizers outperformed other management practices in terms of crop yield and economic return.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 387-399, September 2019
Penerapan Support Vector Machine Untuk Pendeteksian dan Klasifikasi Motif Pada Citra Batik Besurek Motif Gabungan Berdasarkan Fitur Histogram Of Oriented Gradient
Authors: Retnowati Dita , Ernawati Ernawati , Anggriani Kurnia
Published: October 2019

Batik Besurek memiliki karakter dan motif yang khas dan unik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membangun aplikasi yang dapat mendeteksi dan mengklasifikasi motif batik Besurek menggunakan Histogram of Oriented Gradient untuk ekstraksi fitur dan Support Vector Machine untuk klasifikasi motif batik besurek. Penelitian ini terfokus pada motif berikut; Kaligrafi, Rafflesia, dan Burung Kuau. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan Matlab 2014. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian aplikasi diperoleh akurasi dari proses deteksi pada citra yang telah dilatih, citra yang belum dilatih, dan citra non Besurek masing-masing yaitu; (a) 83,06% ,(b) 86,87%, dan (c) 84,69%. Sedangkan akurasi dari proses klasifikasi pada citra yang telah dilatih, citra yang belum dilatih, dan citra non-besurek masing-masing yaitu; (a) 100%, (b) 89,33%, dan 0%.
Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Pada Materi Aljabar Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Suhartini Suhartini , Sutarto Sutarto , Yuliyanti Sri
Published: October 2019

Based on information obtained through preliminary observation in MTs. Al-Muslimun NW Tegal, obtained the problem that the participation of students at the time of learning is low. Students do not want to express opinions or ask questions although there is still material that has not been understood. This results in low student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of Snowball Throwing learning method on algebra material to improve student learning outcomes. The research method used in this research is classroom action research (PTK). Subjects in this study were students of grade VIII MTs. Al-Muslimun NW. The instruments of this study consist of material handouts, teacher and student activity observation sheets, evaluation and documentation tests. Data collection techniques in this study include: data sources, data types, data collection methods. The data analysis technique of individual learning result using KKM determined by school that is ≥ 65 and classical completeness using KK determined that is ≥ 85%, while teacher activity and student activity is calculated using formula exist in research of class action. The results showed the percentage of classical completeness 93.94% with an average value of 75.61. By looking at the percentage of individual and classical student learning outcomes has been achieved. So it can be concluded that the application of Snowball Throwing learning method can improve student learning outcomes class VIII MTs. Al-Muslimun Tegal.
UJI KARAKTERISTIK UNSUR HARA PADA PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR HASIL LIMBAH SAYURAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EM-4 DAN ZEOLIT
Authors: Syuhriatin Syuhriatin , Juniawan Alvin
Published: October 2019

Human’s increasing activity causes an immense increase in domestic waste. one form of domestic waste which could harm environment is vegetable waste. in this research, vegetables waste is used as based material of liquid compost. The process of producing liquid compost with vegetables waste as the base materials was using EM4 fermentation method as a starter and zeolite 80-100  mesh as the bind for soil nutrient in liquid compost. In the fermentation process, the researcher conducted 3 different behaviors in adding EM4 and Zeolite, in each 10 gr, 20 gr and 30 gr of EM4; and 40 gr, 60 gr and 80 gr of Zeolite. The fermentation process was conducted  in 40 days. The liquid compost samples were analized for pH, C-Organic, N-total, P-total and K-total. The results showed that highest concentrate of soil nutrient was from the adding of 30 gr EM4 and 80 gr Zeolite in which the result was 0.27% C- organik, 0,07 %  N-total, 0,04 % , P-Total dan 0,46 %  K-Total.
Efektifitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Menggunakan Media Audio Visual dan Poster terhadap Perilaku Ibu Primipara dalam Manajemen Laktasi
Authors: Sholehah Maghfirotus , Kholisotin Kholisotin , Munir Zainal
Published: October 2019

ASI merupakan cairan emulsi lemak yang dihasilkan dari kelenjar mamae pada ibu menyusui. Ibu primipara yang memberikan ASI tidak tahu tentang cara menyusui dengan benar dan tidak mengetahui cara memerah ASI. Pendidikan kesehatan manajemen laktasi pada ibu primipara penting untuk merubah perilaku ibu primipara yang menyusui. Media yang digunakan audio visual dan Poster. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media audio visual dan poster terhadap perilaku ibu primipara dalam manajemen laktasi. Desain penelitian ini mengggunakan quasi eksperiment dan menggunakan rancangan penelitian two group pre-posttest design dengan jumlah sampel 40 responden ibu primipara, 20 kelompok audio visual, 20 kelompok poster. Analisa data yang digunakan Uji Wilcoxon dan Independent T test. Hasil yang diperoleh ada perbedaan perilaku sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penddidikan kesehatan (p =0,00). Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok audio visual dan poster dengan nilai (p = 0,77), dengan Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian adalah Ada pengaruh perilaku ibu primipara dalam manajemen laktasi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan pada kelompok audio visual dan poster. Tidak ada perbedaan efektifitas pendidikan kesehatan terhadap perilaku ibu primipara dalam manajemen laktasi pada kelompok audio visual dan kelompok poster.
Hubungan Hygiene Makanan, Sumber Air dan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Diare pada Anak
Authors: Suraya Citra
Published: October 2019

Negara berkembang diserang oleh beragam jenis penyakit bawaan makanan. Dengan sistem pelaporan yang buruk atau tidak ada sama sekali pada kebanyakan negara berkembang. Akan tetapi, beratnya situasi ini dapat dipahami dengan melihat angka prevalensi penyakit diare yang tinggi di kalangan bayi dan anak-anak. Sebelumnya ada dugaan bahwa persediaan air yang terkonta minasi merupakan sumber utama patogen yang menyebabkan diare. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa peranan air dan makanan dalam penularan penyakit diare tidak dapat diabaikan karena air merupakan unsur yang ada dalam makanan maupun minuman dan juga digunakan untuk mencuci tangan, bahan makanan, serta peralatan untuk memasak atau makan. Pada air terkontaminasi dan hygiene yang baik tidak dipraktikkan, makanan yang dihasilkan kemungkinan besar juga.Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada anak di Rumah Sakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Instalasi rawat inap rumah sakit Rumah Sakit. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah pasien anak yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Februari Tahun 2019, yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan accidental sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Ada hubungan hygiene makanan dengan diare pada anak (ρ=0,005). Ada hubungan sumber air dengan diare pada anak (ρ=0,008). Ada hubungan personal hygiene dengan diare pada anak (ρ=0,024). Lebih menggalakkan penyuluhan terkait faktor risiko penyakit diare pada anak. Upaya penyuluhan hendaknya dilakukan secara terus menerus sampai masyarakat khususnya ibu anak bisa mamahami akibat dari personal hygiene dan sanitasi makanan yang tidak baik.
A REVIEW ON FUTURE OF BACULAVIRUSES AS A MICROBIAL BIO CONTROL AGENT
Authors: Abid Muniba , Khan M. Azmat ullah , Mushtaq Sehrish , Rana Muhammad Ajmal , Afzaal Sohaib , Haider Muhammad Saleem
Published: October 2019

Pesticides driven from Plants, animals, and microbes such as (bacteria fungi, viruses, algae, nematodes and protozoa are replacing traditional chemical pesticides throughout the world. Bio pesticides reduce environmental risks and are target specific. Bio pesticide promotes sustainable agriculture development by reducing the environmental pollution. Various products have been registered and released, that play important role in the agro-market. Regulation of many insect populations in nature happen by Baculoviruses (entomopathogenic viruses). The pesticide based on baculovirus particles has been formed to control pest and their use is beneficial to reduce the risk of synthetic chemical insecticides. The present status and increase use of baculovirus based bio pesticides as replacement of chemical pesticides, its role in integrated pest management, have been discussed in this review.
Addendum: Mircea-Bogdan Radac and Timotei Lala. Learning Output Reference Model Tracking for Higher-order Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Dynamics. Algorithms 2019, 12, 121
Authors: Radac Mircea-Bogdan , Lala Timotei
Published: October 2019

The authors would like to mention that their paper is an extended version of the IEEE conference paper [...]
A Review of Kudzu’s Use and Characteristics as Potential Feedstock
Authors: Gulizia Joseph P. , Downs Kevin M.
Published: October 2019

This review assesses the potential use of kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) as a feedstock for livestock. Kudzu in the United States is a recognized invasive plant species that has continued to cause problems for the environment and land owners. In kudzu’s native countries, it has continued to have beneficial uses beyond being an adequate form of soil erosion control. Never the less, kudzu is a rampant weed that causes harm to many environments. In the United States, local farm owners have used ruminant species as a form of biological control to prevent the spread of kudzu and provide their animals with a high nutrition feed supplement. However, there are few reports that assess ruminal degradability in ruminants and kudzu quality. There is great potential for kudzu as a feed supplement for livestock species. Furthermore, using kudzu as a feed supplement for livestock species serves a dual-purpose of biologically controlling the spread of kudzu while providing those animals with a high-quality feedstuff.
Biochar Effects on Soil Properties and Wheat Biomass vary with Fertility Management
Authors: Bista Prakriti , Ghimire Rajan , Machado Stephen , Pritchett Larry
Published: October 2019

Biochar can improve soil health and crop productivity. We studied the response of soil properties and wheat growth to four rates of wood biochar (0, 11.2, 22.4, and 44.8 Mg ha−1) and two fertilizer rates [no fertilizer and fertilizer (90 kg N ha−1, 45 kg P ha−1, and 20 kg S ha−1)]. Biochar application increased soil organic matter (SOM), soil pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) contents, and the shoot and root biomass of wheat. However, these responses were observed at biochar rates below 22.4 Mg ha−1, particularly in treatments without fertilizer. In fertilizer-applied treatments, soil nitrate levels decreased with an increase in biochar rates, mainly due to better crop growth and high nitrate uptake. However, without N addition, the high C:N ratio (500:1) possibly increased nutrient tie-up, reduced plant biomass, and SOM buildup at the highest biochar rate. Based on these results, we recommend biochar rates of about 22.4 Mg ha−1 and below for Walla Walla silt loams.
Hydroponic Production of Reduced-Potassium Swiss Chard and Spinach: A Feasible Agronomic Approach to Tailoring Vegetables for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: D’Imperio Massimiliano , Montesano Francesco F. , Renna Massimiliano , Parente Angelo , Logrieco Antonio F. , Serio Francesco
Published: October 2019

Tailored foods are specifically suitable for target groups of people with particular nutritional needs. Although most research on tailored foods has been focused on increasing the nutrient content in plant tissues (biofortification), in populations with specific physiological conditions, it is recommended to reduce the uptake of specific nutrients in order to improve their health. People affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) must limit their consumption of vegetables because of the generally high potassium (K) content in the edible parts. This study aimed to define an appropriate production technique for two baby leaf vegetables, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris), with reduced K tissue content, minimizing the negative effects on their crop performance and overall nutritional quality. Plants were grown in a hydroponic floating system. The K concentration in the nutrient solution (NS) was reduced from 200 mg/L (K200, the concentration usually used for growing baby leaf vegetables in hydroponic conditions) to 50 mg/L over the entire growing cycle (K50) or only during the seven days before harvest (K50-7d). The reduction of K in the NS resulted in a significant decrease of K tissue content in both species (32% for K50 and 10% for K50-7d, on average), while it did not, in general, compromise the crop performance and quality traits or the bioaccessibility of K, magnesium, and calcium. The production of reduced-potassium leafy vegetables is a feasible tailored nutrition approach for CKD patients in order to take advantage of the positive effects of vegetable consumption on health without excessively increasing potassium intake.
Identification and Functional Prediction of Drought-Responsive Long Non-Coding RNA in Tomato
Authors: Eom Seung Hee , Lee Hee Ju , Lee Jin Hyoung , Wi Seung Hwan , Kim Sung Kyeom , Hyun Tae Kyung
Published: October 2019

In higher plants, several lines of evidence suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play important roles in the regulation of various biological processes by regulating gene expression. In this study, we identified a total of 521 lncRNAs, classified as intergenic, intronic, sense, and natural antisense lncRNAs, from RNA-seq data of drought-exposed tomato leaves. A further 244 drought-responsive tomato lncRNAs were predicted to be putative targets of 92 tomato miRNAs. Expression pattern and preliminary functional analysis of potential mRNA targets suggested that drought-responsive tomato lncRNAs play important roles in a variety of biological processes via lncRNA–mRNA co-expression. Taken together, these data present a comprehensive view of drought-responsive tomato lncRNAs that serve as a starting point for understanding the role of long intergenic non-coding RNAs in the regulatory mechanisms underlying drought responses in crops.
Detection of Gastrointestinal Nematode Populations Resistant to Albendazole and Ivermectin in Sheep
Authors: Mondragón-Ancelmo Jaime , Olmedo-Juárez Agustín , Reyes-Guerrero David Emanuel , Ramírez-Vargas Gabriel , Ariza-Román Amairany Emithziry , López-Arellano María Eugenia , Gives Pedro Mendoza de , Napolitano Fabio
Published: October 2019

Gastrointestinal parasite infections represent a major welfare problem in small ruminants reared in extensive systems, which may be exacerbated by anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, we aimed to study the efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin in sheep. Eighty-six animals were selected from commercial farms in the temperate area of the State of Mexico at the age of seven months. These animals were randomly distributed into three groups: Group A, treated with albendazole, Group I, treated with ivermectin and Group C, left untreated. Faecal samples were collected before the anthelmintic was administered and 15 days post-treatment. Both Group A and Group I displayed a significant decrease of faecal egg counts when pre- and post-treatment values were compared (p = 0.003 and p = 0.049, respectively), and a significantly lower faecal egg count when compared with Group C after the treatment (p < 0.05). However, the faecal egg count reduction test showed that gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) developed anthelmintic resistance to both albendazole and ivermectin. The results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allowed the identification of Cooperia spp., and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The allele-specific PCR results confirmed that T. colubriformis was resistant to albendazole. In conclusion, this study showed the presence of resistant GIN to albendazole and ivermectin in sheep reared in Mexican temperate zones. Therefore, nematode infections should be systematically monitored in order to implement integrated management strategies to prevent the spread of anthelmintic resistance.
Comparison of Reconstituted, Acidified Reconstituted Milk or Acidified Fresh Milk on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Rate, and Hematological Parameters in Preweaning Dairy Calves
Authors: Li Lingyan , Qu Jiachen , Xin Xiaoyue , Yin Shuxin , Qu Yongli
Published: October 2019

The present experiment was carried out to assess the effects of reconstituted milk (RM), acidified reconstituted milk (ARM), and acidified fresh milk (AFM) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, and hematological parameters of preweaning dairy calves. For this purpose, a total of 27 Holstein female calves (one month of age) with initial body weight of (67.46 ± 4.08) kg were divided into three groups in such a way that each group contained nine calves. Calves were housed individually, and starter was offered ad libitum to each calf. The dietary treatments were RM, ARM, and AFM. The highest milk intake was observed in calves receiving AFM as compared to other treatments (p < 0.01). Calves fed AFM had more feed intake than those fed ARM and RM (p < 0.01). Feed efficiency was significantly lower for calves offered ARM than those offered RM and AFM (p < 0.01). A lower withers height growth was found for calves fed RM than those fed ARM and AFM (p <0.05). Diarrhea rate and white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) counts were greater for calves fed RM than those fed ARM and AFM (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that ARM and AFM had positive effects on growth performance and health status of the preweaning dairy calves.
Myxomatosis and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease: A 30-Year Study of the Occurrence on Commercial Farms in Spain
Authors: Rosell Joan M. , de la Fuente L. Fernando , Parra Francisco , Dalton Kevin P. , Badiola Sáiz J. Ignacio , Pérez de Rozas Ana , Badiola Díez Juan J. , Fernández de Luco Daniel , Casal Jordi , Majó Natàlia , Casas Jordina , Garriga Ricard , Fernández Magariños Xosé M.
Published: October 2019

In this retrospective study, we describe the relative occurrence of clinical myxomatosis, and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), on 1714 commercial farms visited in Spain, between 1988 and 2018. We determined the annual prevalence based on 817 visits to 394 farms affected by myxomatosis. Myxomatosis was more prevalent from August to March, being lowest in June (3%) and highest in September (8.9%). With regard to RHD, we assessed 253 visits to 156 affected farms. We analyzed mean annual and monthly incidence. Two important RHD epidemics occurred; the first in 1988–1989 due to RHDV GI.1 (also known as RHDV), and the second from 2011 to 2013 due to RHDV GI.2 (RHDV2 or RHDVb). These epidemics occurred at times when effective vaccination had not been carried out. Relative monthly incidence in 2011–2018 was higher from April to August (p < 0.001). The results we obtained from 1404 necropsies on 102 farms did not clearly relate serosanguinous nasal discharge in rabbits with disease caused by GI.2 infection. We also assessed vaccination schedules used on 200 doe farms visited from the end of 2014 to 2018; 95.5% vaccinated against myxomatosis and 97.5% against RHD. Both diseases remain prevalent; however, effective vaccination has produced a steady decline in myxomatosis and RHDV GI.1 and GI.2 on-farm detection. The maintenance of high hygienic standards will be needed to continue and improve this control. However, further studies are required to investigate the causes of sustained virus presence and vaccine breaks.
What Is so Positive about Positive Animal Welfare?—A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Lawrence Alistair B. , Vigors Belinda , Sandøe Peter
Published: October 2019

It is claimed that positive animal welfare (PAW) developed over the last decade in reaction to animal welfare focusing too much on avoiding negatives. However, it remains unclear what PAW adds to the animal welfare literature and to what extent its ideas are new. Through a critical review of the PAW literature, we aim to separate different aspects of PAW and situate it in relation to the traditional animal welfare literature. We find that the core PAW literature is small (n = 10 papers) but links to wider areas of current research interest. The PAW literature is defined by four features: (1) positive emotions which is arguably the most widely acknowledged; (2) positive affective engagement which serves to functionally link positive emotions to goal-directed behavior; (3) quality of life which serves to situate PAW within the context of finding the right balance of positives over negatives; (4) happiness which brings a full life perspective to PAW. While the two first points are already part of welfare research going back decades, the two latter points could be linked to more recent research agendas concerning aggregation and how specific events may affect the ability of animals to make the best of their lives.
Influence of Feeding Linseed on SCD Activity in Grazing Goat Mammary Glands
Authors: Tudisco Raffaella , Chiofalo Biagina , Lo Presti Vittorio , Morittu Valeria Maria , Moniello Giuseppe , Grossi Micaela , Musco Nadia , Grazioli Raffaella , Mastellone Vincenzo , Lombardi Pietro , Infascelli Federico
Published: October 2019

The effects of linseed feeding on the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity were evaluated on grazing dairy goats divided into two homogeneous groups (C, control, and L, treated) fed the same amount of concentrate which, for group L was supplemented with linseed. Milk yield was unaffected by the treatment. Group L showed significantly higher milk fat (4.10% vs 2.94%, p < 0.01) than group S. Within milk fatty acids, group C showed significantly higher levels of saturated fatty acids and lower values of mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In group L, total CLAs were higher than in group S (0.646% vs 0.311%; p < 0.01) mainly because of the differences in CLA cis9 trans 11 (0.623% vs 0.304%; p < 0.01). In treated animals, SCD activity, measured as cis9 C14:1/C14:0, was lower than in the control group, mainly in July and August.
Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Tauheed Ullah , Luan Xiaofeng , Ahmad Shahid , Mannan Abdul , Khan Waqif , Khan Abdul Aziz , Khan Barkat Ullah , Din Emad Ud , Bhattarai Suman , Shah Sher , Saeed Sajjad , Amara Ummay
Published: October 2019

Pastoralist–wolf conflict over livestock depredation is the main factor affecting conservation of grey wolf worldwide. Very limited research has been carried out to evaluate the pattern and nature of livestock depredation by wolf. This study aims to determine the status and nature of human–wolf conflict across different villages in the Hind Kush region of Pakistan during the period January 2016–December 2016. For this purpose, a total of 110 local male respondents from all walks of life were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The grey wolf was declared as a common species in the area by 51.3% of the locals with an annual sighting rate of 0.46 each. During the year (2016), a total of 358 livestock were lost to grey wolf predation and disease. Of the total livestock loss, grey wolf was held responsible for a total 101 livestock losses. Goat and sheep were the most vulnerable prey species as they accounted for 80 (79.2%) of the total reported depredations. Out of the total economic loss (USD 46,736, USD 424.87/household), grey wolf was accountable for USD 11,910 (USD 108.27 per household), while disease contributed 34,826 (USD 316.6 per household). High depredation was observed during the summer season 58.42% (n = 59) followed by spring and autumn. Unattended livestock were more prone to grey wolf attack during free grazing in forests. Most of the respondents (75.45%) showed aggressive and negative attitudes towards grey wolf. The herders shared more negative attitude (z = −3.21, p = 0.001) than businessman towards the species. Herders having larger herd size displayed more deleterious behavior towards wolves than those having smaller herd size. Active herding techniques, vaccinating livestock, educating locals about wildlife importance, and initiating compensating schemes for affected families could be helpful to decrease negative perceptions.
Interval Multi-Objectives Optimization of Electric Wheel Dump Truck Frame Based on Blind Number Theory
Authors: Mi Chengji , Liu Jidong , Xiao Xuewen , Liu Jinhua , Ming Rui , Li Wentai , Yao Qishui
Published: October 2019

With respect to heavy carrying tasks and uneven road surface in open pit mine, the mechanical performances of electric wheel dump truck frame regarded as the main bearing component are extremely important for its safe operation. For the problem of insufficient strength and stiffness, an interval multi-objectives optimization design method based on blind number theory is presented in this paper, taking into account uncertain factors caused by manufacturing process. The allowable interval strength of welding material and permissible interval bending and torsional stiffness are obtained by means of experiments and simulations, using the blind number theory. Based on Latin hypercube sampling technique, the strength and stiffness of frame under different conditions is estimated. It shows that in the case of braking interference between interval strength and interval dynamic stress appears. Strength and stiffness are considered as optimization objectives, while the thicknesses of top longitudinal beam, stiffener, lateral longitudinal beam and hanging ear in the frame are deeded as design variables, and Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are taken as uncertain variables. The optimized results show that the stress and deformation of the frame due to dynamic loading decreased. This result enables to formulate the following sentence: the mechanical performance of frame is improved.