bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN KOMPOSTER MENGGUNAKAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN AKTIVATOR EM4
Authors: Rochsun Rochsun , Argarini Dian Fitri , Cipta Dyah Ayu Sulistyaning , Ramadani Dina Fitria , Ulla Rohdiatin Artiani
Published: February 2023

Garbage becomes a problem, when waste is perceived as useless material, creates bad smells, is harmful to the environment, causes pollution to the surrounding environment, invites disease bacteria, kills marine life, spoils the view, and many other negative perceptions. One strategy for dealing with waste is to teach children at SMP Negeri 2 Wagir, Sukodadi Village, Wagir District, Malang Regency about turning waste into useful things, namely by making a simple composter using used bottles that function as a means of converting organic waste (leaves and paper) into solid and liquid fertilizers. This service activity focuses on organic waste that can be turned into compost (solid fertilizer and liquid fertilizer). The skill of making compost is actually simple, but it must be taught because it turns out that not many children know about it, let alone practice it in everyday life. The purpose of this activity is to study the method and process of making compost by means of anaerobic fermentation with the help of EM4 bioactivator as decomposing bacteria and brown sugar for bacterial food, and to determine optimal operating conditions in order to obtain maximum compost both qualitatively and quantitatively. The method in this activity goes through 5 stages, namely the first stage is presentation of the material, the second stage is the practice of making a simple composter using used bottles, the third stage is making composter liquid consisting of EM4 bioactivator, sugar and water, the fourth stage is mixing organic waste with composter liquid , the fifth stage is forcing the trash into the bottle. The results of the activities that have been carried out are training in making compost as a result of processing organic waste. Based on the activities that have been carried out, students are able to practice environmentally friendly waste management both at school and in everyday life.
Aksi Pembuatan Tata Tertib Kelas Untuk Perbaikan Mutu Madrasah di MTs Khaudlul Ulum Penajung
Authors: Safitri Isnaeni , Cahyani Aprilia Anggin , Mujab Mohamad Saeful , Chamidi Agus Salim
Published: February 2023

Student discipline in the classroom is an effort to build the character of student discipline. However, in general the rules are made not too heeded the students so that gradually affect the efforts to improve the quality of Education. This study aims to find the problem of why students are not enthusiastic about their own discipline and then find a solution partispatif with students. The study was conducted at MTs Khaudul Ulum Penajung. The study used an action approach with steps in the form of SWOT analysis, finding problems related to the implementation of student discipline, discussing together the solution, drawing up a solution action plan, organizing to socialize it, then carrying out joint action,and finally reflection evaluating together also for further improvement. The parties involved are the head of the madrasah, deputy head of Student Affairs, the Student Council builders, and student council managers. The management theory used is the theory of plan-do-check-act (PDCA). The results of this action research are: (a)the finding of priority issues stemming from the lack of discipline of students in the Classroom, (b)planned participatory joint action on the manufacture of student rules, (c)The Division of tasks and socialization, (d)the holding of Joint Action for the manufacture of student rules, and (e) reflection to evaluate the implementation of the action. Recommendations/ suggestions: (a)this action activity is developed continuously, and (b)further actions are more directed to the purpose of improving the quality of madrasah. Keywords: action research, quality improvement, student discipline
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Religius di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 3 Purworejo
Authors: Sofiah Siti
Published: February 2023

This research is based on the importance of religious character education in madrasa. In this connection, this study aims to determine the implementation of religious character education at MIN 3 Purworejo. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection uses interviews, observation, and documentation, and the validity of the data uses triangulation, and data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawing. This study produces the following conclusions. (1) The values ​​that are internalized in shaping the religious character of students in MIN 3 Purworejo namely Religious, Honest, Tolerance, Discipline, Hard Work, Creative, Independent, Democratic, Curiosity, National Spirit, Love Homeland, Respect Achievements, Friendly / Communicative, Love Peace, Love to Read, Care for the Environment, and Care for Social, and Responsibility; (2) How to instill the values ​​of religious character education in MIN 3 Purworejo namely by: (a) Integrating religious character through the learning process, and through school extracurricular activities, as well as through the involvement of students directly or with giving motivation. (b) Values ​​and Morality Modeling, where the principal of the madrasa, all teachers and employees are the models for others. All madrasa citizens realize that their behavior becomes a model for the character of students. Therefore, all madrasa citizens always try to be careful in their behavior and speaking in front of students. (c) Facilitating values ​​and morality, where this is done by providing opportunities for students to solve problems related to activities in madrasah. The principal, teachers, and employees always listen seriously to the complaints and suggestions of students.
The Multifactorial Background of Emerging Viral Infections with Neurological Manifestation
Authors: Gaulton Timothy G. , Gaulton Glen N.
Published: February 2023

The events of the past year have highlighted the continuing importance of emerging virus infections on the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disease. This review focusses on clarifying the effects of the multiple overlapping factors that impact emergence, including viral richness, transmission opportunity, and establishment. Case studies of the West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika viruses are utilised to illustrate the dramatic effects of expansion in the range and geographical distribution of emerging infectious disease, the acquisition of new virus vectors, and of increasing human anthropogenic factors such as global transport, climate change, and mosquito abatement programmes on the regional spread and clinical consequences of emerging infectious disease.
Recent Advances in Definitive Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pinkawa Michael
Published: February 2023

Definitive radiation therapy is a well-recognised curative treatment option for localised prostate cancer. A suitable technique, dose, target volume, and the option of a combination with androgen deprivation therapy needs to be considered. An optimal standard external beam radiotherapy includes currently the intensity-modulated and image-guided radiotherapy techniques with total doses of ≥76-78 Gy in conventional fractionation. Data from several randomised studies increasingly support the rationale for hypofractionated radiotherapy. A simultaneous integrated boost with dose escalation focused on a computed tomography/positron emission tomography or magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy detected malignant lesion is an option to increase tumour control with potentially no additional toxicity. The application of a spacer is a promising concept for optimal protection of the rectal wall.
Alloimmune Thrombocytopaenic Disorders: A Review
Authors: Delicou Sophia , Bellia Marianna
Published: February 2023

Alloimmune thrombocytopaenia (AIT) is caused by alloantibodies against specific platelet glycoproteins. Alloimmune thrombocytopaenic disorders include alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopaenia, posttransfusion purpura, refractoriness to platelet transfusions, passive AIT, and transplantation-associated AIT. In this review we have summarised five thrombocytopaenic syndromes caused by platelet-reactive alloantibodies. Increased awareness of these syndromes, together with the greater availability of highly specialised laboratory methods to detect and to characterise platelet-reactive alloantibodies, will lead to their more frequent diagnosis.
Perspectives in Surgery of Oligometastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Villa Fabio , Carbonell Beatriz Barberá , Cafarotti Stefano
Published: February 2023

20-50% of patients with newly diagnosed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have synchronous metastases. This dramatically affects survival and traditionally excludes patients from the spectrum of curative therapies. Nonetheless, studies have been performed to assess the role of surgery in Stage 4 NSCLC with metastases circumscribed to a single or limited number of organs, proposing the definition of oligometastatic NSCLC to enlarge the possibility of curative resection. Aggressive treatments have shown promising results; however, the great heterogeneity of survival outcomes implies the bias of selection of patients who can benefit from surgery. The new molecular-targeted systemic therapies, cytotoxic regimens, and radiant treatments can complement surgery in metastatic NSCLC, leading to optimal control of the disease. Retrospective series can help us to design prospective trials, selecting patients with positive prognostic determinants to undergo intensive resective and pharmacologic treatments. Molecular and gene profiling will probably be the most accurate method to elect candidates to sanative therapy in Stage 4 NSCLC.
Studi Pertumbuhan Ikan Kuwe (Caranx sp) Yang Diberi Pakan Kepiting Hermit, Cacing Laut Dan Tiram
Authors: Darfin Darfin , Patadjai Rahmad Sofyan , Balubi Abdul Muis
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan kelomang, cacing laut, dan tiram terhadap pertumbuhan ikan kuwe (Caranx sp.). Perlakuan pada peneltian ini yaitu pemberian pakan kelomang (A), pakan cacing laut (B), dan pakan tiram (C). Ikan kuwe sebanyak 63 ekor ditebar ke dalam 9 unit keramba jaring apung (7 ekor/wadah) yang berukuran 1m×1m×1,20m dan lama pemeliharaan 90 hari. Ikan uji diberikan pakan sebanyak 2 kali sehari (08.00 pagi dan 17.00 sore WITA) dengan presentase pemberian pakan 5% dari bobot tubuh ikan. Hasil penelitian pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi didapatkan pada ikan kuwe dengan perlakuan A sebesar 72,99±5,8 g, diikuti oleh pemberian perlakuan B dan C masing-masing sebesar 41,80+4,5 g, dan 24.30+5,3 g sedangkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik ikan kuwe pada perlakuan A t-10 sebesar 3,87±1,9% diikuti perlakuan B dan C yang mencapai presentase sebesar 2,52±1,2% dan 1,65±1,02%. Rasio konversi pakan pada ikan kuwe yang diberikan perlakuan A sebesar 6,05±1,4 g diikuti oleh perlakuan B dan C yang mencapai 9,32±1,9 g dan 18,79±10,3 g. Esfisiensi pakan ikan kuwe pada perlakuan A mencapai 17,16±4,04% diikuti perlakuan B sebesar 11,06±2,3%, dan terendah pada perlakuan C sebesar 6,34±2,8%. Kelangsungan hidup ikan kuwe pada perlakuan A yaitu 85,71±0% diikuti perlakuan B dan C yaitu 71,43±0% dan 53,38±8,2%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pakan kelomang memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak dan efisiensi pakan.Kata kunci : Ikan kuwe, pakan alami, pertumbuhan
DYT-TOR1A genotype alters extracellular vesicle composition in murine cell model and shows potential for biomarker discovery
Authors: King Connor S. , Caffall Zachary F. , Soderblom Erik J. , Calakos Nicole
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Biomarkers that can be used to identify patient subgroups with shared pathophysiology and/or that can be used as pharmacodynamic readouts of disease state are valuable assets for successful clinical trial design. In translational research for brain diseases, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a high-priority target for biomarker discovery because of their ubiquity in peripheral biofluids and potential to indicate brain state.

Materials and methods: Here, we applied unbiased quantitative proteomics of EVs isolated from DYT-TOR1A knockin mouse embryonic fibroblasts and littermate controls to discover candidates for protein biomarkers. We further examined the response of genotype perturbations to drug treatment conditions to determine their pharmacodynamic properties.

Results: We found that many DYT-TOR1A MEF EV differences were significantly corrected by ritonavir, a drug recently shown to correct DYT-TOR1A phenotypes in cell and mouse disease models. We also used tool compounds to explore the effect of the integrated stress response (ISR), which regulates protein synthesis and is implicated in dystonia pathogenesis. Integrated stress response inhibition in WT cells partially phenocopied the effects of DYT-TOR1A on EV proteome composition, and ISR potentiation in DYT-TOR1A caused changes that paralleled ritonavir treatment.

Conclusion: These results collectively show that DYT-TOR1A genotype alters EV protein composition, and these changes can be dynamically modulated by a candidate therapeutic drug and ISR activity state. These mouse model findings provide proof-of-concept that EVs may be a useful source of biomarkers in human populations and further suggest specific homologs to evaluate in cross-species validation.
An update on the effect of intra-articular intervention strategies using nanomaterials in osteoarthritis: Possible clinical application
Authors: Amirsaadat Soumayeh , Amirazad Halimeh , Hashemihesar Ramin , Zarghami Nosratollah
Published: February 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common progressive condition affecting joints. It mainly affects the knees and hips as predominant weight-bearing joints. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) accounts for a large proportion of osteoarthritis and presents numerous symptoms that impair quality of life, such as stiffness, pain, dysfunction, and even deformity. For more than two decades, intra-articular (IA) treatment options for managing knee osteoarthritis have included analgesics, hyaluronic acid (HA), corticosteroids, and some unproven alternative therapies. Before effective disease-modifying treatments for knee osteoarthritis, treatments are primarily symptomatic, mainly including intra-articular corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid, so these agents represent the most frequently used class of drugs for managing knee osteoarthritis. But research suggests other factors, such as the placebo effect, have an essential role in the effectiveness of these drugs. Several novel intra-articular therapies are currently in the clinical trial processes, such as biological therapies, gene and cell therapies. Besides, it has been shown that the development of novel drug nanocarriers and delivery systems could improve the effectiveness of therapeutic agents in osteoarthritis. This review discusses the various treatment methods and delivery systems for knee osteoarthritis and the new agents that have been introduced or are in development.
Toward four-dimensional materials: The true nature of undamageable materials and bimodal self-regenerating materials
Authors: Voyiadjis George Z. , Kattan Peter I.
Published: February 2023

The development of the theories of undamageable materials and bimodal self-regenerating materials leads directly to four-dimensional materials. Both are types of sought after materials. The authors have established that undamageable materials are the limit of Voyiadjis-Kattan materials of order n as n approaches infinity. Similarly, the authors established also that so called bimodal materials are the limit of self-regenerating materials of order n as n approaches infinity. In this work, a solid link is established between these theories that were developed recently and the new four-dimensional materials to come. It is concluded that both undamageable materials and bimodal materials are prime examples of four-dimensional materials. The conclusion is based on sound mathematical and mechanical principles.
Serum inflammatory cytokines levels and the correlation analyses in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fu Jiajia , Chen Sihui , Liu Jiao , Yang Jing , Ou Ruwei , Zhang Lingyu , Chen Xueping , Shang Huifang
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and the correlations with Parkinson’s disease (PD) clinical symptoms.

Methods: Serum levels of the cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, were measured in 273 PD patients and 91 healthy controls (HCs). The clinical manifestations of PD were assessed with nine different scales to evaluate the cognitive function, non-motor symptoms, motor symptoms, and disease severity. The differences in these inflammatory indicators were examined between PD patients and HCs, and the correlations of these inflammatory indicators with clinical variables were analyzed in PD patients.

Results: Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in PD patients were higher than those in HCs, but serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) level was not significantly different from that in HCs. In PD patients, serum IL-6 level was positively correlated with age of onset, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS), UPDRS part I, part II, and part III, but it was inversely correlated with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Serum TNF-α level was positively correlated with age of onset and H&Y stage in PD patients (p = .037), but negatively correlated with FAB scores in PD patients (p = .010). However, no associations were found between all the clinical variables and the serum IL-8 level. The forward binary logistic regression model revealed that serum IL-6 level was associated with MoCA (p = .023) and UPDRS I scores (p = .023), but no associations was found with the remaining factors. The ROC curve of TNF-α for the diagnosis of PD showed the area under the curve (AUC) was .719 (p < .05, 95% CI: .655–.784), and the critical value of TNF-α was 5.380 pg/ml, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 76.0% and a specificity of 59.3%.

Conclusion: Our results suggest increased serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in PD, we further found that IL-6 level was associated with non-motor symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, and IL-6 may play a role in the pathophysiology of non-motor symptoms in PD. At the same time, we also propose that TNF-α has a good diagnostic value for PD despite its irrelevance to clinical symptoms.
Promoting electrochemical ammonia synthesis by synergized performances of Mo2C-Mo2N heterostructure
Authors: An Tae-Yong , Surendran Subramani , Jesudass Sebastian Cyril , Lee Hyunjung , Moon Dae Jun , Kim Jung Kyu , Sim Uk
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen has become an indispensable aspect of sustainable energy resources due to depleting fossil fuels and increasing pollution. Since hydrogen storage and transport is a major hindrance to expanding its applicability, green ammonia produced by electrochemical method is sourced as an efficient hydrogen carrier. Several heterostructured electrocatalysts are designed to achieve significantly higher electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction (NRR) activity for electrochemical ammonia production. In this study, we controlled the nitrogen reduction performances of Mo2C-Mo2N heterostructure electrocatalyst prepared by a simple one pot synthesis method. The prepared Mo2C-Mo2N0.92 heterostructure nanocomposites show clear phase formation for Mo2C and Mo2N0.92, respectively. The prepared Mo2C-Mo2N0.92 electrocatalysts deliver a maximum ammonia yield of about 9.6 μg h-1 cm-2 and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of about 10.15%. The study reveals the improved nitrogen reduction performances of Mo2C-Mo2N0.92 electrocatalysts due to the combined activity of the Mo2C and Mo2N0.92 phases. In addition, the ammonia production from Mo2C-Mo2N0.92 electrocatalysts is intended by the associative nitrogen reduction mechanism on Mo2C phase and by Mars-van-Krevelen mechanism on Mo2N0.92 phase, respectively. This study suggests the importance of precisely tuning the electrocatalyst by heterostructure strategy to substantially achieve higher nitrogen reduction electrocatalytic activity.
Visible light-driven photodynamic therapy for hypertrophic scars with MOF armored microneedles patch
Authors: Chen Danyang , Zhang Yixuan , Long Wei , Chai Langjie , Myint Thazin Phoone , Zhou Wei , Zhou Ling , Wang Min , Guo Liang
Published: February 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used for the treatment of hypertrophic scars in clinical practice. However, the low transdermal delivery of photosensitizers in scar tissue and protective autophagy induced by Photodynamic therapy greatly reduces the therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with these difficulties for overcoming obstacles in Photodynamic therapy treatment. In this study, a photosensitizer with photocatalytic performance was designed and synthesized using innovative MOFs (metal-organic frameworks). Additionally, the MOFs, together with an autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), was loaded in a high mechanical strength microneedle patch (MNP) for transdermal delivery. With these functionalized MNP, photosensitizers and chloroquine were delivered deep inside hypertrophic scars. Inhibition of autophagy increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under high-intensity visible-light irradiation. Multiprong approaches have been used to remove obstacles in Photodynamic therapy and successfully enhance its anti-scarring effect. In vitro experiments indicated that the combined treatment increased the toxicity of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs), downregulated the level of collagen type I expression as well as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)expression, decreased the autophagy marker protein LC3II/I ratio, increased the expression of P62. In vivo experiments showed that the MNP had good puncture performance, and significant therapeutic effects were observed in the rabbit ear scar model. These results indicate that functionalized MNP has high potential clinical value.
Recent progress in the development of DNA-based biosensors integrated with hybridization chain reaction or catalytic hairpin assembly
Authors: Mo Liuting , He Wanqi , Li Ziyi , Liang Danlian , Qin Runhong , Mo Mingxiu , Yang Chan , Lin Weiying
Published: February 2023

As isothermal, enzyme-free signal amplification strategies, hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) possess the advantages such as high amplification efficiency, excellent biocompatibility, mild reactions, and easy operation. Therefore, they have been widely applied in DNA-based biosensors for detecting small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of DNA-based sensors employing typical and advanced HCR and CHA strategies, including branched HCR or CHA, localized HCR or CHA, and cascaded reactions. In addition, the bottlenecks of implementing HCR and CHA in biosensing applications are discussed, such as high background signals, lower amplification efficiency than enzyme-assisted techniques, slow kinetics, poor stability, and internalization of DNA probes in cellular applications.
A novel phytopathogen Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov., isolated from the feces of ruddy shelducks
Authors: Tao Yuanmeihui , Ge Yajun , Yang Jing , Song Weitao , Jin Dong , Lin Hong , Zheng Han , Lu Shan , Luo Wenbo , Huang Yuyuan , Zhuang Zhenhong , Xu Jianguo
Published: February 2023

The species in the genus Erwinia are Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and rod-shaped. Most species in the genus Erwinia are phytopathogens. Also, Erwinia persicina was involved in several human infections. Based on the reverse microbial etiology principles, it is worth analyzing the pathogenicity of species in this genus. In this study, we isolated and sequenced two species of Erwinia. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic analyses were performed to identify its taxonomy position. The virulence tests on plant leaves and pear fruits were used to identify the plant pathogenicity of two species of Erwinia. Bioinformatic methods predicted the possible pathogenic determinants based on the genome sequence. Meanwhile, adhesion, invasion, and cytotoxicity assays on RAW 264.7 cells were applied to identify animal pathogenicity. We isolated two Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and rod-shaped strains from the feces of ruddy shelducks in the Tibet Plateau of China, designated J780T and J316. Distinct phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characters of J780T and J316 identified they were novel species and belonged to the genus Erwinia, for which the name Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov. was proposed, the type strain was J780T (= CGMCC 1.17334T = GDMCC 1.1666T = JCM 33839T). Virulence tests showed blight and rot on the leaves and pear fruits confirmed Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov. was a phytopathogen. Predicted gene clusters of motility, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides, stress survival, siderophores, and Type VI secretion system might be the causes of pathogenicity. In addition, predicted polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters on the genome sequence, and the high capacity for adhesion, invasion, and cytotoxicity to animal cells confirmed it has pathogenicity on animals. In conclusion, we isolated and identified a novel phytopathogen Erwinia sorbitola sp. nov. in ruddy shelducks. A predefined pathogen is beneficial for preventing from suffering potential economic losses caused by this new pathogen.
Geraniol-a potential alternative to antibiotics for bovine mastitis treatment without disturbing the host microbial community or causing drug residues and resistance
Authors: Guo Wei , Qiu Min , Pu Zhonghui , Long Nana , Yang Min , Ren Ke , Ning Ruihong , Zhang Siyuan , Peng Fu , Sun Fenghui , Dai Min
Published: February 2023

Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of dairy cows. Currently, mastitis treatment in dairy cows is mainly based on antibiotics. However, the use of antibiotics causes adverse effects, including drug resistance, drug residues, host-microbiome destruction, and environmental pollution. The present study sought to investigate the potentiality of geraniol as an alternative to antibiotics for bovine mastitis treatment in dairy cows. Additionally, the effectiveness of treatment, improvement in inflammatory factors, the influence on microbiome, presence of drug residues, and drug resistance induction were compared and analyzed comprehensively.Geraniol showed an equivalent therapeutic rate as antibiotics in the mouse infection model and cows with mastitis. Moreover, geraniol significantly inhibited the pathogenic bacteria and restored the microbial community while increasing the abundance of probiotics in milk. Notably, geraniol did not destroy the gut microbial communities in cows and mice, whereas antibiotics significantly reduced the diversity and destroyed the gut microbial community structure. Additionally, no geraniol residue was detected in milk four days after treatment discontinuation, but, antibiotic residues were detected in milk at the 7th day after drug withdrawal. In vitro experiments revealed that geraniol did not induce drug resistance in the Escherichia coli strain ATCC25922 and Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC25923 after 150 generations of culturing, while antibiotics induced resistance after 10 generations. These results suggest that geraniol has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects similar to antibiotics without affecting the host-microbial community structure or causing drug residues and resistance. Therefore, geraniol can be a potential substitute for antibiotics to treat mastitis or other infectious diseases and be widely used in the dairy industry.
Lactobacillus for the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis: Clinical and experimental evidence
Authors: Xie Anni , Chen Ailing , Chen Yuqing , Luo Zichen , Jiang Shanyu , Chen Daozhen , Yu Renqiang
Published: February 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, accompanied by itching and swelling. The main pathological mechanism of AD is related to the imbalance between Type 2 helper cells (Th2 cells) and Type 1 helper cells (Th1 cells). Currently, no safe and effective means to treat and prevent AD are available; moreover, some treatments have side effects. Probiotics, such as some strains of Lactobacillus, can address these concerns via various pathways: i) facilitating high patient compliance; ii) regulating Th1/Th2 balance, increasing IL-10 secretion, and reducing inflammatory cytokines; iii) accelerating the maturation of the immune system, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and improving gut microbiota; and iv) improving the symptoms of AD. This review describes the treatment and prevention of AD using 13 species of Lactobacillus. AD is commonly observed in children. Therefore, the review includes a higher proportion of studies on AD in children and fewer in adolescents and adults. However, there are also some strains that do not improve the symptoms of AD and even worsen allergies in children. In addition, a subset of the genus Lactobacillus that can prevent and relieve AD has been identified in vitro. Therefore, future studies should include more in vivo studies and randomized controlled clinical trials. Given the advantages and disadvantages mentioned above, further research in this area is urgently required.
The paradox of disengagement: Bodily displays of inattention in couple therapy
Authors: Peräkylä Anssi , Taurogiński Bartłomiej , Dejko-Wańczyk Karolina , Józefik Barbara , Furgał Mariusz , Matusiak Feliks , Janusz Bernadetta
Published: February 2023

Using concepts developed by Goffman and the theory of inter-corporeality, this paper describes non-speaking spouses' responses to complaints made about them by the other spouse in the context of couple therapy first consultations. While the turn-taking system of couple therapy effectively precludes the possibility of a direct verbal response, non-speaking spouses often display bodily their disengagement from their spouse's talk. Using multimodal conversation analysis as the method, we show the repertoire of such disengagement behaviors and trace the moment-by-moment contexts in which they arise. While disengagement behaviors embody their producer's inattention to their spouse's talk, at the same time, they are, paradoxically, interactional moves produced in the presence of others, conveying their producer's negative stance to the ongoing talk. We argue that the timing of these disengagement practices involves anticipation of the direction of talk: non-speaking spouses display disengagement in moments when the speaking spouse's talk takes a direction toward an intensification of complaints about them.
Non-reactive facet specific adsorption as a route to remediation of chlorinated organic contaminants
Authors: Guo Hao , Gerstein Emily A. , Jha Kshitij C. , Arsano Iskinder , Haider M. Ali , Khan Tuhin S. , Tsige Mesfin
Published: February 2023

The present work quantifies metal-contaminant interactions between palladium substrates and three salient chlorinated organic contaminants, namely trichloroethylene 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB), and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77). Given that Pd is one of the conventional catalytically active materials known for contaminant removal, maximizing catalytic efficiency through optimal adsorption dynamics reduces the cost of remediation of contaminants that are persistent water pollutants chronically affecting public health. Adsorption efficiency analyses from all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations advance the understanding of reaction mechanisms available from density functional theory (DFT) calculations to an extractable feature scale that can fit the parametric design of supported metal catalytic systems and feed into high throughput catalyst selection. Data on residence time, site-specific adsorption, binding energies, packing geometries, orientation profiles, and the effect of adsorbate size show the anomalous behaviour of organic contaminant adsorption on the undercoordinated {110} surface as compared to the {111} and {100} surfaces. The intermolecular interaction within contaminants from molecular dynamics simulation exhibits refreshing results than ordinary single molecule density functional theory calculation. Since complete adsorption and dechlorination is an essential step for chlorinated organic contaminant remediation pathways, the presented profiles provide essential information for designing efficient remediation systems through facet-controlled palladium nanoparticles.
Application of mind map can promote the health education effect of children with vasovagal syncope
Authors: Liu Ping , Mei Wanzhen , Zhou Mengying , Zhao Ting , Wang Yuwen , Zou Runmei , Wang Cheng
Published: February 2023

Objective

To explore the effect of mind map on health education in children with vasovagal syncope (VVS).

Methods

In this prospective controlled study, 66 children with VVS (29 males, 10.38 ± 1.80 years) and their parents (12 males, 39.27 ± 3.74 years) who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from April 2020 to March 2021 were set as the control group. 66 children with VVS (26 males, 10.29 ± 1.90 years) and their parents (9 males, 38.65 ± 1.99 years) who were hospitalized in the same hospital from April 2021 to March 2022 were set as the research group. Traditional oral propaganda method was applied in the control group, and the health education method based on mind map was applied in the research group. The self-designed VVS health education satisfaction questionnaire and comprehensive health knowledge questionnaire were used to conduct on-site return visits to the children and their parents who had been discharged from the hospital for 1 month.

Results

There was no significant difference in age, sex, hemodynamic type of VVS, and the parental age, sex, education level between the control group and the research group (P > 0.05). Health education satisfaction score, health education knowledge mastery score, compliance score, subjective efficacy and objective efficacy in the research group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). If the satisfaction score, knowledge mastery score, and compliance score increase by 1 point, the risk of poor subjective efficacy is reduced by 48, 91, and 99%, respectively, and the risk of poor objective efficacy is reduced by 44, 92, and 93%, respectively.

Conclusions

Application of mind map can improve the health education effect of children with VVS.
Insight into the development of versatile dentin bonding agents to increase the durability of the bonding interface
Authors: Porto Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes , Lôbo Teresa de Lisieux Guedes Ferreira , Rodrigues Raphaela Farias , Lins Rodrigo Barros Esteves , da Silva Marcos Aurélio Bomfim
Published: February 2023

Despite the huge improvements made in adhesive technology over the past 50 years, there are still some unresolved issues regarding the durability of the adhesive interface. A complete sealing of the interface between the resin and the dentin substrate remains difficult to achieve, and it is doubtful whether an optimal interdiffusion of the adhesive system within the demineralized collagen framework can be produced in a complete and homogeneous way. In fact, it is suggested that hydrolytic degradation, combined with the action of dentin matrix enzymes, destabilizes the tooth-adhesive bond and disrupts the unprotected collagen fibrils. While a sufficient resin–dentin adhesion is usually achieved immediately, bonding efficiency declines over time. Thus, here, a review will be carried out through a bibliographic survey of scientific articles published in the last few years to present strategies that have been proposed to improve and/or develop new adhesive systems that can help prevent degradation at the adhesive interface. It will specially focus on new clinical techniques or new materials with characteristics that contribute to increasing the durability of adhesive restorations and avoiding the recurrent replacement restorative cycle and the consequent increase in damage to the tooth.
A characterization method for equivalent elastic modulus of rock based on elastic strain energy
Authors: Qin Tao , Wang Yiwei , Hou Xiangang , Duan Yanwei
Published: February 2023

Energy is an internal variable during rock deformation and failure, and its dissipation and conversion law can reflect the rock’s internal damage and deterioration state. Analysis of rock deformation and failure process from the perspective of energy is helpful to deeply understand the mechanism of rock damage, fracture and instability failure, and has important theoretical and practical significance for the stability evaluation and support control of surrounding rock. In this study, through single cyclic loading and unloading (SCLU) experiments, cyclic triaxial loading and unloading (CTLU) experiments and conventional triaxial compression (CTC) experiments, the equivalent elastic modulus method based on elastic strain energy is proposed to analyze the energy conversion of rock. The results show that the error of the elastic strain energy calculated by the strain energy formula method is generally higher than 10% with the secant and tangent modulus of the loading and unloading curve as input parameters. Taking the equivalent elastic modulus proposed in this study as an input parameter, more accurate elastic strain energy can be obtained by the strain energy formula. During the rock failure process, the equivalent elastic modulus shows a three-stage characteristic of increase, steady and decrease. The equivalent elastic modulus can be estimated by the quadratic function between the equivalent elastic modulus and confining pressure and axial strain. Under the same deformation and deviatoric stress, the elastic strain energy stored in rock increases with increasing confining pressure. The local maximum energy dissipation rate corresponds to stress drop, and the peak energy dissipation rate appears near the peak strength. High energy dissipation mainly occurs in a short time after peak strength, and energy release and dissipation are more sudden and severe under high confining pressure.
Optimal techno-economic-environmental study of using renewable energy resources for Yanbu city
Authors: Alghamdi Osama A. , Alhussainy Abdullah Ali , Alghamdi Sultan , AboRas Kareem M. , Rawa Muhyaddin , Abusorrah Abdullah M. , Alturki Yusuf A.
Published: February 2023

The world’s attention is increasingly focused on the growing need to diversify energy sources. Saudi Arabia is under natural pressure to seize the opportunity in the renewable energy sector. Since renewable natural resources such as wind and solar energy are less expensive and environmentally friendly, most countries like to move away from the use of fossil fuels. This paper focuses on a techno-economic-environmental study of supplying Yanbu city in Saudi Arabia with a hybrid energy system consisting of solar energy, wind energy, and storage batteries. This has been carried out by considering an off-grid system or a system connected to the grid. In order to find the best solution from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives to supply the city, 15 options were considered. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines (WT) connected to a grid make up the grid-connected system. The off-grid system considers the development of a load profile for Yanbu city. In both systems, an energy storage system (ESS) is essential (off-grid and grid-connected). The results show that the 850-MW PV system connected to the grid without an ESS is the best option both economically and technically.
Spatial and temporal variation of economic resilience and its drivers: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Huang Jie , Li Qianqian , Du Minzhe , Chen Xiaoqing
Published: February 2023

Based on panel data of 282 cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper constructs an economic resilience evaluation index system in three dimensions and applies the entropy value method to measure it. The two-stage nested Thiel index, kernel density estimation and geographic detector methods are also used to explore the characteristics of their spatial and temporal divergence and their driving factors. We find that the economic resilience of Chinese cities has increased rapidly over the sample period, but with significant spatial variation, with the intra-provincial variation being the main source of the overall variation. Without considering the spatial conditions, the economic resilience of cities has a strong stability. In the case of spatial conditions, spatial factors have a significant impact on cities with low economic resilience, but not on cities with high economic resilience. Differences in technological innovation capabilities are a key driver of spatial divergence in the economic resilience of Chinese cities. The interaction of any two factors enhances their respective effects on the spatial differentiation of economic resilience in Chinese cities. Based on the above findings, cities should actively explore targeted and differentiated ways to improve economic resilience based on their comparative advantages, accelerate the construction of a collaborative improvement mechanism for urban economic resilience, and support the collaborative improvement of urban economic resilience in China. Our findings provide a useful reference for promoting the concerted improvement of economic resilience in Chinese cities.
Vegetation–soil dynamics in an alpine desert ecosystem of the Qinghai Lake watershed, northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Tian Lihui , Hasi Eerdun , Zhang Dengshan , Wu Wangyang
Published: February 2023

Different types of dunes cause habitat differences, which can affect vegetation growth. In turn, water utilized by vegetation leads to the differential distribution of soil moisture in different dunes. However, vegetation–soil dynamics in the alpine desert of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau remain poorly understood. We chose the largest section of desert along the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake as a study area to test the hypotheses that plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties show differences in different sand-binding communities, in addition to soil moisture content, based on methods of field investigations and in situ observations. The main results were as follows:1) Plant community species diversity and herb coverage increased with the stabilization status of dunes; meanwhile, coverage increased with the age of the added artificial semi-fixed dunes. 2) Surface deposits were mainly composed of medium sand, leading to low organic matter and nutrient content in the study area; this being different from other deserts in northern China. 3) Soil moisture’s seasonal variation was consistent with rainfall seasonality and lacked significant interannual differences, while its vertical distribution was influenced by precipitation infiltration. 4) Soil crust forms beneath specific species, such as leguminous plants in the study area, which should be effective at preventing wind erosion. Our findings will facilitate a mechanistic understanding of plant–soil–water relationships in alpine deserts and provide timely information for screening introduced species for enhancing sand-fixation effectiveness.
Reconstructing the phylogeny of the hornless rhinoceros Aceratheriinae
Authors: Lu Xiao-Kang , Deng Tao , Pandolfi Luca
Published: February 2023

This study presents the first phylogenetic analysis focused on the subfamily Aceratheriinae to date, with 392 characters (361 parsimony-informative characters) coded from 50 taxa at the species level. We added 80 newly defined and 33 revised characteristics to an existing matrix, covering features of the skull, teeth, and postcranial bones. Based on the results of ordered and unordered analyses, combined with a diagnosis in accordance with traditional morphological taxonomy, we revised the diagnosis of Aceratheriinae and reconstructed the phylogeny of Aceratheriinae. The tribe Teleoceratini, as well as the tribe Aceratheriini, was reclassified within Aceratheriinae; however, the traditionally established contents of each tribe were changed somewhat. Aceratheriinae underwent evolutionary adaptation several times during the early stages of its evolution, and several genera are herein reconstructed as early-diverging taxa, such as Floridaceras, Chilotheridium, and Plesiaceratherium. Turkanatherium and Protaceratherium are excluded from Aceratheriinae in this study. We suggest another two subclades of Aceratheriinae, containing Hoploaceratherium and Aprotodon, respectively. Aceratheriini and Teleoceratini are redefined as two highly specialized groups of Aceratheriinae.
Melanism and color saturation of butterfly assemblages: A comparison between a tropical rainforest and a xeric white forest
Authors: Schirmer Sofia Coradini , Gawryszewski Felipe Malheiros , Cardoso Márcio Zikán , Pessoa Daniel Marques Almeida
Published: February 2023

The study of butterfly coloration has helped to identify the ecological pressures involved in the evolution of animal coloration. However, almost all studies that addressed this issue have focused on species that inhabit more temperate environments, leaving the species and ecological factors of tropical regions mostly understudied. Here, our purpose was to evaluate whether butterfly assemblages from two distinct Neotropical biomes (i.e., tropical rainforest and xeric white forest) differ regarding their melanism and/or color saturation. Our hypotheses were that (1) tropical rainforest butterflies should be more melanic and color saturated, and that (2) butterflies from more open/arid tropical environments should be more melanic on their dorsal wing surfaces than on their ventral wings. Therefore, we quantified melanism and color saturation from dorsal and ventral surfaces of 121 different butterfly species. Comparisons show that rainforest butterflies, when contrasted to white forest butterflies, have more melanic dorsal wing surfaces, which might be seen as a form of protection against parasites. Our data also show that rainforest butterflies, but not white forest species, have darker dorsal wing surfaces, when compared to their own ventral surfaces, a trend that was also found for species inhabiting both biomes, which might be associated to thermoregulatory advantages. At last, our results also point that butterflies' dorsal wing sides present a higher variance between species (regardless of Biome), when compared to their own ventral wing side, an indication that some ecological factor (e.g., predation avoidance) might be exerting a strong homogenizing force on ventral wing coloration.