bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of systematic accident analysis tools to investigate food safety incidents
Authors: Oleo Dileyni Díaz De , Manning Louise , McIntyre Lynn , Randall Nicola , Nayak Rounaq
Published: April 2024

Effective food safety (FS) management relies on the understanding of the factors that contribute to FS incidents (FSIs) and the means for their mitigation and control. This review aims to explore the application of systematic accident analysis tools to both design FS management systems (FSMSs) as well as to investigate FSI to identify contributive and causative factors associated with FSI and the means for their elimination or control. The study has compared and contrasted the diverse characteristics of linear, epidemiological, and systematic accident analysis tools and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) and the types and depth of qualitative and quantitative analysis they promote. Systematic accident analysis tools, such as the Accident Map Model, the Functional Resonance Accident Model, or the Systems Theoretical Accident Model and Processes, are flexible systematic approaches to analyzing FSI within a socio‐technical food system which is complex and continually evolving. They can be applied at organizational, supply chain, or wider food system levels. As with the application of HACCP principles, the process is time‐consuming and requires skilled users to achieve the level of systematic analysis required to ensure effective validation and verification of FSMS and revalidation and reverification following an FSI. Effective revalidation and reverification are essential to prevent recurrent FSI and to inform new practices and processes for emergent FS concerns and the means for their control.
Identification of phenolic compounds from fermented Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf supplemented with Fuzhuan brick tea and their volatile composition and anti‐obesity activity
Authors: Li Xin , Han Haoyue , Ma Ying , Wang Xin , Lü Xin
Published: April 2024

As a nutritious plant with valuable potential, the Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOL) leaf addition on Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) for the co‐fermentation (MOL‐FBT) was an industry innovation and a new route to make full use of MOL leaf. After optimization of the extraction conditions, the best conditions for the polyphenols extraction method from MOL‐FBT (MFP) were 60°C for 40 min (1:80, V/W) using response surface methodology. A total of 30 phenolics were identified and quantified. Most of the polyphenols were increased after adding MOL leaf for co‐fermentation compared to FBT polyphenols. In particular, caffeic acids were found only in MFP. Moreover, the MFP received high value in taste, aroma, and color. In total, 62 volatile flavor compounds, consisting of 3 acids, 5 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, 4 esters, 20 hydrocarbons, 10 ketones, and 5 others, were identified in MFP. In addition, MFP inhibited 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner and decreased lipid accumulation via the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)/CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPα)/cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) axis and induced a brown adipocyte‐like phenotype. In vivo experiments were further conducted to confirm the in vitro results. MFP regulated lipid accumulation, glucose/insulin tolerance, improved liver and kidney function, and inhibited the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors by the PPARγ/CEBPα/CD36 axis and alleviated inflammation in high fat and high fructose diet‐induced obese mice. In summary, MFP possesses high‐quality properties and anti‐obesity effects, as well as the great potential to be used as a novel functional food product.
Current state of theranostics in metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Nindra Udit , Lin Peter , Becker Therese , Roberts Tara L , Chua Wei
Published: April 2024

Prostate cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death in the world. There have been significant advances in chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted therapy options for patients with castrate‐resistant disease. However, these systemic treatments are often associated with unwanted toxicities. Targeted therapy with radiopharmaceuticals has become of key interest to limit systemic toxicity and provides a more precision oncology approach to treatment. Strontium‐89, Samarium‐153 EDTMP and Radium‐223 have been trialled with mixed results. Strontium‐89 and Samarium‐153 EDTMP have shown benefits in palliating metastatic bone pain but with no impact on survival outcomes. Early therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals targeting PSMA that were developed were beta‐emitting agents, but recently alpha‐emitting agents are being investigated as potentially superior options. Radium‐223 is the first alpha‐particle emitter therapeutic agent approved by the FDA, with phase III trial evidence showing benefits in overall survival and delay in symptomatic skeletal events for patients. Recently, 177‐Lutetium‐PSMA‐617 has demonstrated significant survival advantages in pre‐treated metastatic castrate‐resistant cancer patients in a number of phase II and III studies. Furthermore, 225‐Actinium‐PSMA‐617 also showed promise even in patients pre‐treated with 177‐Lutetium‐PSMA‐617. Hence, there has been an explosion of radiopharmaceutical treatment options for patients with prostate cancer. This review explores past and current theranostic capacities in the radiopharmaceutical treatment of metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer.
Developing an improved lure for attracting the pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus galloprovincialis) with reduced bycatch of predatory beetles
Authors: Rudziński Krzysztof J. , Sukovata Lidia , Asztemborska Monika , Wróblewska Aleksandra , Nestorowicz Klara , Szmigielski Rafał
Published: April 2024

The pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus galloprovincialis) is a European vector of the invasive pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), one of the most dangerous threats to pine forests worldwide. One recommended method for detecting the nematode is catching and inspecting the M. galloprovincialis beetles. Effective commercial lures are available for that insect but attract non‐target species, particularly beneficial Thanasimus species. Our study aimed to develop an equally effective M. galloprovincialis lure less attractive to beneficial predatory insects.

We used electroantennography to test several compounds occurring in the pheromones, hindgut extracts or headspace emissions of non‐Ips bark beetles. The compounds that caused the strongest antennal responses were used along with α‐pinene (host‐tree volatile) and monochamol (2‐undecyloxy‐1‐ethanol, a male‐produced aggregation pheromone of M. galloprovincialis) to prepare the lures for olfactometric and field testing.

In the field experiments, the lure containing (+)‐α‐pinene, monochamol, (1R)‐(−)‐myrtenal and (S)‐(−)‐trans‐verbenol was equally effective as the commercial lure Galloprotect Pack. It attracted significantly less Thanasimus formicarius and T. femoralis beetles.

Thus, the new lure can serve as a basis for developing an operational lure for monitoring M. galloprovincialis with reduced bycatch of predatory beetles.
The first International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups summit on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes in early pregnancy: TOBOGM Summit Report
Authors: Sweeting Arianne , MacMillan Freya , Simmons David ,   for the TOBOGM Summit attendees
Published: April 2024

The first International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Summit on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes in early pregnancy (Treatment of Booking Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (TOBOGM) Summit) was held on the 17 November 2022 in Sydney, Australia. It sought to use the TOBOGM trial findings to scope the issues involved with early screening, to inform future discussions over possible approaches for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy. Most delegates supported testing for early GDM using a one‐step 75 g oral glucose tolerance test approach with Canadian Diabetes Association criteria preferred, but highlighted the importance of considering resources, cost, consumer perspectives and equity in translating TOBOGM results into a clinical approach to screening for, and diagnosing, early GDM.
Lin−CD117+CD34+FcεRI+ progenitor cells are increased in chronic spontaneous urticaria and predict clinical responsiveness to anti‐IgE therapy
Authors: Ridge Katie , Moran Barry , Alvarado‐Vazquez P. Abigail , Hallgren Jenny , Little Mark A. , Irvine Alan D. , O'Farrelly Cliona , Dunne Jean , Finlay Conor M. , Conlon Niall
Published: April 2024

Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common, debilitating skin disorder characterized by recurring episodes of raised, itchy and sometimes painful wheals lasting longer than 6 weeks. CSU is mediated by mast cells which are absent from peripheral blood. However, lineage−CD34hiCD117int/hiFcεRI+ cells in blood have previously been shown to represent a mast cell precursor.

Methods

We enumerated FcεRI−, FcεRI+ and FcεRIhi lineage−CD34+CD117+ cells using flow cytometry in blood of patients with CSU (n = 55), including 12 patients receiving omalizumab and 43 not receiving omalizumab (n = 43). Twenty‐two control samples were studied. Disease control and patient response to omalizumab was evaluated using the urticaria control test. We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) on lineage−CD34hiCD117hi blood cells from a subset of patients with CSU (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 4).

Results

CSU patients had more lineage−CD34+CD117+FcεRI+ blood cells than controls. Lineage−CD34+CD117+FcεRI+ cells were significantly higher in patients with CSU who had an objective clinical response to omalizumab when compared to patients who had poor disease control 90 days after initiation of omalizumab. scRNA‐Seq revealed that lineage−CD34+CD117+FcεRI+ cells contained both lymphoid and myeloid progenitor lineages, with omalizumab responsive patients having proportionally more myeloid progenitors. The myeloid progenitor lineage contained small numbers of true mast cell precursors along with more immature FcεRI− and FcεRI+ myeloid progenitors.

Conclusion

Increased blood CD34+CD117+FcεRI+ cells may reflect enhanced bone marrow egress in the setting of CSU. High expression of these cells strongly predicts better clinical responses to the anti‐IgE therapy, omalizumab.
Child sexual abuse and social identity loss: A qualitative analysis of survivors' public accounts
Authors: Muldoon Orla T. , Nightingale Alastair , McMahon Grace , Griffin Siobhan , Bradshaw Daragh , Lowe Robert D. , McLaughlin Katrina
Published: April 2024

Emerging evidence suggests that social identities are an important determinant of adaptation following traumatic life experiences. In this paper, we analyse accounts of people who experienced child sexual abuse. Using publicly available talk of people who waived their right to anonymity following successful conviction of perpetrators, we conducted a thematic analysis focusing on trauma‐related changes in their social identities. Analysis of these accounts highlighted two themes. The first highlights the acquisition in these accounts of unwanted and damaging identity labels. The second presents child sexual abuse as a key destructive force in terms of important identity work during childhood. Discussion of this analysis centres on the pathological consequences of social identity change. Both the loss of valued identities and the acquisition of aberrant and isolating identities are experienced and constructed as devastating by those affected by child sexual abuse. This has important implications, not only for those impacted by child sexual abuse but for how abuse is discussed in society, and how it is approached by policy makers, educators and individuals working with survivors and their families.
Editorial: Equity, diversity and inclusion in child and adolescent mental health – a perspective from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP)
Authors: Ng Warren Yiu Kee
Published: April 2024

Advancing diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) are key priorities for the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). AACAP was founded in 1953. The mission of the AACAP includes promoting the healthy development of all children, adolescents, and families through advocacy, education, and research. AACAP's Presidential Initiative of CAPture Belonging's goal was to prioritize diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging to create transformational and sustainable changes in the organization and child and adolescent psychiatry. The presidential initiative's strategy had three pillars: advancing diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) in all program and services, creating a pipeline for diverse child and adolescent psychiatrists, and monitoring DEIB activities and progress. A presidential task force was created and charged with implementing a 2‐year action plan and strategy. A 5‐point action plan prioritized: awareness, advocacy, workforce and professional development, national partnerships, and sustainability. Focusing on DEIB for any organization enriches the work, community and success that can be achieved. AACAP is proud to have committed to this DEIB path and has already experienced success through continuous membership growth, membership engagement, and record attendance at annual meetings and volunteer involvement. These accomplishments can only enhance AACAP's ability to serve the mission of promoting the healthy development of all children, adolescents, and families through advocacy, education, and research.
Combination of high anti‐SKI and low anti‐TMED5 antibody levels is preferable prognostic factor in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Ito Masaaki , Yajima Satoshi , Suzuki Takashi , Oshima Yoko , Nanami Tatsuki , Sumazaki Makoto , Shiratori Fumiaki , Takizawa Hirotaka , Li Shu‐Yang , Zhang Bo‐Shi , Yoshida Yoichi , Matsutani Tomoo , Hiwasa Takaki , Shimada Hideaki
Published: April 2024

Given that esophageal cancer is highly malignant, the discovery of novel prognostic markers is eagerly awaited. We performed serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) and identified SKI proto‐oncogene protein and transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 5 (TMED5) as antigens recognized by serum IgG antibodies in patients with esophageal carcinoma. SKI and TMED5 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography, and used as antigens. The serum anti‐SKI antibody (s‐SKI‐Ab) and anti‐TMED5 antibody (s‐TMED5‐Ab) levels were significantly higher in 192 patients with esophageal carcinoma than in 96 healthy donors. The presence of s‐SKI‐Abs and s‐TMED5‐Abs in the patients' sera was confirmed by western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the TMED5 protein was highly expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclear compartments of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, whereas the SKI protein was localized predominantly in the nuclei. Regarding the overall survival in 91 patients who underwent radical surgery, the s‐SKI‐Ab‐positive and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐negative statuses were significantly associated with a favorable prognosis. Additionally, the combination of s‐SKI‐Ab‐positive and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐negative cases showed an even clearer difference in overall survival as compared with that of s‐SKI‐Ab‐negative and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐positive cases. The s‐SKI‐Ab and s‐TMED5‐Ab biomarkers are useful for diagnosing esophageal carcinoma and distinguishing between favorable and poor prognoses.
An empirically derived adjustable model for particle size distributions in advection fog
Authors: Kolářová M. , Lachiver L. , Wilkie A.
Published: April 2024

Realistically modelled atmospheric phenomena are a long‐standing research topic in rendering. While significant progress has been made in modelling clear skies and clouds, fog has often been simplified as a medium that is homogeneous throughout, or as a simple density gradient. However, these approximations neglect the characteristic variations real advection fog shows throughout its vertical span, and do not provide the particle distribution data needed for accurate rendering. Based on data from meteorological literature, we developed an analytical model that yields the distribution of particle size as a function of altitude within an advection fog layer. The thickness of the fog layer is an additional input parameter, so that fog layers of varying thickness can be realistically represented. We also demonstrate that based on Mie scattering, one can easily integrate this model into a Monte Carlo renderer. Our model is the first ever non‐trivial volumetric model for advection fog that is based on real measurement data, and that contains all the components needed for inclusion in a modern renderer. The model is provided as open source component, and can serve as reference for rendering problems that involve fog layers.
Closing staffing gaps in Madagascar's protected areas to achieve the 30 by 30 conservation target
Authors: Rakotobe Domoina J. , Stevens Nancy J.
Published: April 2024

Protected areas (PAs) guard critical biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, serving as a pillar of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework that aims to protect 30% of the planet by 2030. But most PAs are understaffed. This study documents external workforce contributions to PA staffing in Madagascar, a biodiversity‐rich country that tripled its PA network in 2015. Taking a novel multi‐level approach, we use online surveys of 44 PAs and 13 institutions (managing 81% of PA surface area in Madagascar). Results reveal severe understaffing, reaching only a third of the global recommendation at just one staff member per 37.3 km2. Longer‐established PAs enjoy higher staffing ratios. Local community members comprise 94% of the PA external workforce, contributing up to 52% of labor in category V and VI PAs. Evolving human resource policies to deliberately better engage local communities will build PA resilience, addressing staffing gaps in a cost‐effective and sustainable manner to achieve the 30 by 30 target.
Ultrasound fundamentals and their clinical implications for interventional cytopathologists
Authors: Lieu David
Published: April 2024

Objective

To describe the most important concepts in ultrasound physics that interventional cytopathologists need to understand in order to successfully perform ultrasound‐guided needle biopsies.

Methods

Review of the literature.

Results

A deep understanding of ultrasound physics and the mathematics supporting it are not necessary. The most important concepts are frequency, attenuation, overall gain, time‐gain compensation, focus, spatial resolution, temporal resolution and Doppler.

Conclusion

By understanding these eight basic concepts of ultrasound physics and their clinical implications, interventional cytopathologists can faithfully reproduce the imaging findings of the radiologist and locate the target to precisely guide a needle for biopsy.
Barriers to Inclusive Recycling in Asunción, Paraguay: A Just Transition?
Authors: Tucker Jennifer L.
Published: April 2024

How can cities upgrade urban waste infrastructures while also supporting the livelihoods of the poor? While development experts now agree that informal recyclers should be included in urban waste systems, many cities struggle to implement inclusive reforms. With a case study of informal recycling in Asunción, Paraguay, which compares dumpsite and street recyclers, this article addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the policies, politics and frameworks that inhibit the implementation of pro‐poor reforms. Proposals to include waste pickers misunderstand key dynamics of informal waste work and locate waste‐picker cultures as the key barrier to successful waste‐picker integration. However, they overlook the historical production of waste‐picker organizing styles and underappreciate the diversity between different groups of informal recyclers. They seek to institute cooperatives, a promising model for segments of highly organized recyclers but one which threatens to exclude a large share of waste pickers who opt to work individually. Successfully integrating informal recyclers into waste management requires significant investments in the sector, meaningfully including waste pickers in proposal design and an epistemic shift to prioritize waste‐picker needs.
Association between right ventricular global longitudinal strain and mortality in intermediate‐risk pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wilson Ryan , Eguchi Shunsuke , Orihara Yoshiyuki , Pfeiffer Michael , Peterson Brandon , Ruzieh Mohammed , Gao Zhaohui , Gorcsan John , Boehmer John
Published: April 2024

Background

Right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction has been identified as a prognostic marker for adverse clinical events in patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, challenges exist in identifying RV dysfunction using conventional echocardiography techniques. Strain echocardiography is an evolving imaging modality which measures myocardial deformation and can be used as an objective index of RV systolic function. This study evaluated RV Global Longitudinal Strain (RVGLS) in patients with intermediate risk PE as a parameter of RV dysfunction, and compared to traditional echocardiographic and CT parameters evaluating short‐term mortality.

Methods

Retrospective single center cohort study of 251 patients with intermediate‐risk PE between 2010 and 2018. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at 30 days. Statistical analysis evaluated each parameter comparing survivors versus non‐survivors at 30 days. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan–Meier curves were used for comparison of the two cohorts.

Results

Altogether 251 patients were evaluated. Overall mortality rate was 12.4%. Utilizing an ROC curve, an absolute cutoff value of 17.7 for RVGLS demonstrated a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 70% for observed 30‐day mortality. Individuals with an RVGLS ≤17.7 had a 25 times higher mortality rate than those with RVGLS above 17.7 (HR 25.24, 95% CI = 6.0–106.4, p < .001). Area under the curve was (.855), RVGLS outperformed traditional echocardiographic parameters, CT findings, and cardiac biomarkers on univariable and multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

Reduced RVGLS values on initial echocardiographic assessment of patients with intermediate‐risk PE identified patients at higher risk for mortality at 30 days.
Temperature‐humidity‐density dependent evaporation behaviour of clay and sandy clay
Authors: Yu Huayue , Chen Zhixiang , Wan Yong , Sun Xiang
Published: April 2024

To compare the disparities between free water evaporation and soil water evaporation, and unveil the temporal impact of soil water evaporation in diverse environments, a series of experiments were conducted to observe the soil water content in different temperature and humidity environments. Meanwhile, the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the evaporation process of free water in air were determined, and the sensitivities of temperature, humidity and density on the soil water evaporation process were analysed. The results demonstrated that both external temperature and humidity can serve as variables for controlling the evaporation rate of soil water. These factors exerted a dynamic influence on the evaporation process, with the impact of each factor tending to stabilize as soil water content decreased. The evaporation rate of soil water was higher than that of free water at the initial stage and was lower than that of free water after the soil reached the residual water content; soil water tended to exist in a state with higher entropy than that of free water. This study provides valuable insights for the establishment of a soil water evaporation model.
Origin of pathogenic variant and mosaicism in families with a sporadic case of haemophilia B
Authors: Mårtensson Annika , Letelier Anna , Manderstedt Eric , Glosli Heidi , Ljung Rolf
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Of newly diagnosed cases of haemophilia B, the proportion of sporadic cases is usually 50% of severe cases and 25% of moderate/mild cases. However, cases presumed to be sporadic due to family history may not always be sporadic. Few case reports have been published on mosaicism in haemophilia B.

Aim

The present study aimed to trace the origin of the pathogenic variant in a well‐defined cohort of sporadic cases of haemophilia B by haplotyping markers. It also aimed to determine the frequency of mosaicism in presumed non‐carrier mothers.

Methods

The study group was 40 families, each with a sporadic case of haemophilia B analysed in two‐to‐three generations by Sanger sequencing, haplotyping and using the sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technique.

Results

In 31/40 (78%) of the families, the mother carried the same pathogenic variant as her son, while Sanger sequencing showed that 9/40 (22%) of the mothers did not carry this variant. Of these variants, 2/9 (22%) were shown to be mosaics by using the ddPCR technique. 16/21 carrier mothers, with samples from three generations available, had a de novo pathogenic variant of which 14 derived from the healthy maternal grandfather.

Conclusion

The origin of the pathogenic variant in sporadic cases of haemophilia B is most often found in the X‐chromosome derived from the maternal grandfather or, less often, from the maternal grandmother. Mosaic females seem to be found at the same frequency as in haemophilia A but at a lower percentage of the pathogenic variant.
Stepwise algorithm using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for differential diagnosis of fat‐poor angiomyolipoma in small renal masses: A prospective validation study
Authors: Toide Masahiro , Tanaka Hajime , Kobayashi Masaki , Fujiwara Motohiro , Nakamura Yuki , Fukuda Shohei , Kimura Koichiro , Waseda Yuma , Yoshida Soichiro , Tateishi Ukihide , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To validate the diagnostic accuracy of a stepwise algorithm to differentiate fat‐poor angiomyolipoma (fp‐AML) from renal cancer in small renal masses (SRMs).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 223 patients with solid renal masses <4 cm and no visible fat on unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Patients were assessed using an algorithm that utilized the dynamic CT and MRI findings in a stepwise manner. The diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated in patients whose histology was confirmed through surgery or biopsy. The clinical course of the patients was further analyzed.

Results

The algorithm classified 151 (68%)/42 (19%)/30 (13%) patients into low/intermediate/high AML probability groups, respectively. Pathological diagnosis was made for 183 patients, including 10 (5.5%) with fp‐AML. Of these, 135 (74%)/36 (20%)/12 (6.6%) were classified into the low/intermediate/high AML probability groups, and each group included 1 (0.7%)/3 (8.3%)/6 (50%) fp‐AMLs, respectively, leading to the area under the curve for predicting AML of 0.889. Surgery was commonly opted in the low and intermediate AML probability groups (84% and 64%, respectively) for initial management, while surveillance was selected in the high AML probability group (63%). During the 56‐month follow‐up, 36 (82%) of 44 patients initially surveyed, including 13 of 18 (72%), 6 of 7 (86%), and 17 of 19 (89%) in the low/intermediate/high AML probability groups, respectively, continued surveillance without any progression.

Conclusions

This study confirmed the high diagnostic accuracy for differentiating fp‐AMLs. These findings may help in the management of patients with SRMs.
Spiritual interventions: Improving the lives of colorectal cancer survivors—A systematic literature review
Authors: Okere Calixtus Abiodun , Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Yerris Victor , Kvist Tarja
Published: April 2024

Aim

To systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives.

Design

Systematic review.

Data Source

A thorough literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PRIMO, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE.

Review Methods

As an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the Synthesis Without Meta‐Analysis reporting guideline was employed. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Thirty‐five articles were analysed for this study. The findings suggest that psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy intervention, mindfulness intervention, social intervention, and spiritual counselling improved CRC survivor's coping skills, boosted self‐esteem, lessened anxiety, instilled hope, enhanced daily functioning, improved survival rates, improved neurological functional status and quality of life (QoL).

Conclusion

There is proof that spiritual interventions help CRC patients and improve their QoL. It has been discovered that spiritual intervention is helpful in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of CRC conditions.

Impact

CRC survivors may have impairments in their physical ability and daily functioning as a result of many symptoms, such as pain, bowel dysfunction, and exhaustion. Furthermore, individuals may encounter difficulties in several aspects of their psychological, emotional, social, and role functioning due to the presence of dread symptoms. Therefore, these study will help CRC survivors

To implement spiritual interventions in the management of their long‐term care.

To cultivate problem‐solving abilities, foster self‐assurance, and enhance self‐awareness.

To alleviate symptoms, enhance everyday functioning, and improve QoL.

No Inducement

No financial incentives were used to compensate patients or members of the public for this review.
Impacts of pro‐inflammatory cytokines variant on cardiometabolic profile and premature coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Yuan , Lin Yi , Wei Baozhu , Luo Zhi
Published: April 2024

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a pivotal pro‐inflammatory cytokine, is closely linked to vascular wall thickening and atherosclerotic lesion. Since serum IL‐6 levels are largely determined by the genetic variant in IL‐6, this study was conducted to investigate whether the IL‐6 variant impacts cardiometabolic profile and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from May 13, 2022 to June 28, 2023. In total, 40 studies (26,543 individuals) were included for the analysis. The rs1800795 (a function variant in the IL‐6 gene) C allele was linked to higher levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), and a lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). However, no significant association was observed of rs1800795 with triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Interestingly, a significant association was detected between rs1800795 and PCAD. Subgroup analyses indicted that the impacts of rs1800795 on cardiometabolic risk factors were significant in Caucasians but stronger in obese patients. In contrast, the impact of rs1800795 on PCAD was significant in brown race population. In summary, rs1800795 had a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors and PCAD. IL‐6 inhibition with ziltivekimab or canakinumab may benefit high‐risk populations (e.g. brown race population, Caucasians, obese patients, etc.) with rs1800795 to prevent PCAD.
Contamination bias in the estimation of child maltreatment causal effects on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems
Authors: Felt John M. , Chimed‐Ochir Ulziimaa , Shores Kenneth A. , Olson Anneke E. , Li Yanling , Fisher Zachary F. , Ram Nilam , Shenk Chad E.
Published: April 2024

Background

When unaddressed, contamination in child maltreatment research, in which some proportion of children recruited for a nonmaltreated comparison group are exposed to maltreatment, downwardly biases the significance and magnitude of effect size estimates. This study extends previous contamination research by investigating how a dual‐measurement strategy of detecting and controlling contamination impacts causal effect size estimates of child behavior problems.

Methods

This study included 634 children from the LONGSCAN study with 63 cases of confirmed child maltreatment after age 8 and 571 cases without confirmed child maltreatment. Confirmed child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors were recorded every 2 years between ages 4 and 16. Contamination in the nonmaltreated comparison group was identified and controlled by either a prospective self‐report assessment at ages 12, 14, and 16 or by a one‐time retrospective self‐report assessment at age 18. Synthetic control methods were used to establish causal effects and quantify the impact of contamination when it was not controlled, when it was controlled for by prospective self‐reports, and when it was controlled for by retrospective self‐reports.

Results

Rates of contamination ranged from 62% to 67%. Without controlling for contamination, causal effect size estimates for internalizing behaviors were not statistically significant. Causal effects only became statistically significant after controlling contamination identified from either prospective or retrospective reports and effect sizes increased by between 17% and 54%. Controlling contamination had a smaller impact on effect size increases for externalizing behaviors but did produce a statistically significant overall effect, relative to the model ignoring contamination, when prospective methods were used.

Conclusions

The presence of contamination in a nonmaltreated comparison group can underestimate the magnitude and statistical significance of causal effect size estimates, especially when investigating internalizing behavior problems. Addressing contamination can facilitate the replication of results across studies.
Metasomatism of the continental crust and its impact on surface uplift: Insights from reactive‐transport modelling
Authors: Worthington James R. , Chin Emily J. , Palin Richard M.
Published: April 2024

High‐elevation, low‐relief continental plateaus are major topographic features and profoundly influence atmospheric circulation, sediment transport and storage, and biodiversity. Although orogenic surface‐uplift mechanisms for modern continental plateaus near known plate margins like Tibet are well‐characterized, they cannot account for examples in intracontinental settings like the Colorado Plateau. In contrast to canonical plate‐tectonic uplift mechanisms, broad‐scale hydration‐induced metasomatism of the lower crust has been suggested to reduce its density and increase its buoyancy sufficiently to contribute to isostatic uplift. However, the relationships between key petrophysical properties in these environments are not fully quantified, which limits application of this model. Here, we develop a series of petrological models that describe the petrological and topographic effects of fluid–rock interaction in non‐deforming continental crust of varying composition. We apply an open‐system petrological modelling framework that utilizes reactive‐transport calculations to determine the spatial and temporal scales over which mineralogic transformations take place compared with the magnitude of infiltration of aqueous fluids derived from devolatilization of subducting oceanic lithosphere. The buoyancy effect of hydration‐induced de‐densification is most significant for metabasic lower crust, intermediate for metapelitic crust, and minimal for granodioritic crust. We apply these results to a case study of the ~2 km‐high Colorado Plateau and demonstrate that under ideal conditions, hydration of its lower–middle crust by infiltrating aqueous fluids released by the Farallon slab during Cenozoic low‐angle subduction could have uplifted the plateau surface by a maximum of ~1 km over 16 Myr. However, realistically, although hydration likely has a measurable effect on surface tectonics, the uplift of orogenic plateaus is likely dominantly controlled by other factors, such as lithospheric delamination.
Bioinformatics‐based analysis of the relationship between plasminogen regulatory genes and photoaging
Authors: Weng Tengyu , Zhang Xiaoning , He Juan , Yang Yi , Li Chengxin
Published: April 2024

Background

Ultraviolet radiation causes skin photoaging by producing a variety of enzymes, which impact both skin health and hinder beauty. Currently, the early diagnosis and treatment of photoaging remain a challenge. Bioinformatics analysis has strong advantages in exploring core genes and the biological pathways of photoaging.

Aims

To screen and validate key risk genes associated with plasminogen in photoaging and to identify potential target genes for photoaging.

Methods

Two human transcriptome datasets were obtained by searching the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the mRNAs in the GSE131789 dataset were differentially analyzed, and then the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to find out the strongest correlations. Template genes, interaction analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), modular genes with the most WGCNA correlations, and genecard database genes related to plasminogen were performed, and further Kyoto genes and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway analysis. Two different algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machines‐recursive feature elimination (SVM‐RFE), were used to find key genes. Then the data set (GSE206495) was validated and analyzed. Real‐time PCR was performed to validate the expression of key genes through in vitro cellular experiments.

Results

IFI6, IFI44L, HRSP12, and BMP4 were screened from datasets as key genes for photoaging and further analysis showed that these genes have significant diagnostic value for photoaging.

Conclusion

IFI6, IFI44L, HRSP12, and BMP4 play a key role in the pathogenesis of photoaging, and serve as promising potential predictive biomarkers for photoaging.
Influence of further decompensation on survival across clinical stages of decompensated cirrhosis: The role of portal hypertension and HVPG changes
Authors: Garcia‐Guix Marta , Ardevol Alba , Sapena Victor , Alvarado‐Tápias Edilmar , Huertas Anna , Brujats Anna , Fajardo Javier , Cuyas Berta , Poca María , Guarner Carlos , Torras Xavier , Escorsell Àngels , Villanueva Càndid
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Decompensated‐cirrhosis encompasses several stages with different prognosis, such as bleeding, ascites and bleeding‐plus‐ascites. Development of further‐decompensation worsens survival, while non‐selective β‐blockers (NSBBs) can modify the risk. However, how this applies to each stage is uncertain. We aimed to investigate, in each stage of decompensated‐cirrhosis, the influence of further‐decompensation on mortality and whether changes in portal‐pressure (HVPG) under NSBBs influence these outcomes.

Methods

Patients with variceal bleeding were consecutively included differentiating those with bleeding‐alone from those who also had ascites. Patients with ascites and high‐risk varices referred for primary‐prophylaxis were also investigated. A baseline haemodynamic study was performed and was repeated after 1‐3‐months under NSBBs. Outcomes were investigated by competing‐risk.

Results

Totally 103 patients had bleeding‐alone, 186 bleeding‐plus‐ascites and 187 ascites‐alone. Mean follow‐up was 32‐months (IQR, 12–60). Patients with bleeding‐plus‐ascites had higher HVPG and were more hyperdynamic than patients with ascites‐alone and these than those with bleeding‐alone. At each stage, the mortality risk was more than twice in patients developing further‐decompensation vs. those without (p < .001). In each stage, HVPG‐decrease under NSBBs showed better discrimination to predict further‐decompensation than the baseline MELD, Child–Pugh or HVPG, by time‐dependent ROC‐curves (c‐statistic >70%). At each stage, patients without HVPG‐decreases, either ≥10% or ≥20% from the baseline, had higher risk of further‐decompensation (sHR from 2.43 to 6.73, p < .01) and worse survival.

Conclusions

In each stage of decompensated cirrhosis, mortality risk significantly and very markedly increase with further‐decompensation. HVPG‐non‐response to NSBBs may adequately stratify the risk of further decompensation and death, in each stage. This suggests potential benefit with pre‐emptive therapies in HVPG‐non‐responders at each‐stage.
The Andes as a semi‐permeable geographical barrier: Genetic connectivity between structured populations in a widespread spider
Authors: Salgado‐Roa Fabian C. , Pardo‐Diaz Carolina , Rueda‐M Nicol , Cisneros‐Heredia Diego F. , Lasso Eloisa , Salazar Camilo
Published: April 2024

Geographical barriers like mountain ranges impede genetic exchange among populations, promoting diversification. The effectiveness of these barriers in limiting gene flow varies between lineages due to each species' dispersal modes and capacities. Our understanding of how the Andes orogeny contributes to species diversification comes from well‐studied vertebrates and a few arthropods and plants, neglecting organisms unable to fly or walk long distances. Some arachnids, such as Gasteracantha cancriformis, have been hypothesized to disperse long distances via ballooning (i.e. using their silk to interact with the wind). Yet, we do not know how the environment and geography shape its genetic diversity. Therefore, we tested whether the Andes contributed to the diversification of G. cancriformis acting as an absolute or semi‐permeable barrier to genetic connectivity between populations of this spider at opposite sides of the mountain range. We sampled thousands of loci across the distribution of the species and implemented population genetics, phylogenetic, and landscape genetic analyses. We identified two genetically distinct groups structured by the Central Andes, and a third less structured group in the Northern Andes that shares ancestry with the previous two. This structure is largely explained by the altitude along the Andes, which decreases in some regions, possibly facilitating cross‐Andean dispersal and gene flow. Our findings support that altitude in the Andes plays a major role in structuring populations in South America, but the strength of this barrier can be overcome by organisms with long‐distance dispersal modes together with altitudinal depressions.
A new name for Chlorophytum minor Kativu (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Kativu Shakkie
Published: April 2024

A new name, Chlorophytum restrictum Kativu, is proposed for a rare species of Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) restricted to south‐western Tanzania, northern Zambia and Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo): C. minor Kativu.
High floral disparity without pollinator shifts in buzz‐bee‐pollinated Melastomataceae
Authors: Kopper Constantin , Schönenberger Jürg , Dellinger Agnes S.
Published: April 2024

Shifts among functional pollinator groups are commonly regarded as sources of floral morphological diversity (disparity) through the formation of distinct pollination syndromes. While pollination syndromes may be used for predicting pollinators, their predictive accuracy remains debated, and they are rarely used to test whether floral disparity is indeed associated with pollinator shifts.

We apply classification models trained and validated on 44 functional floral traits across 252 species with empirical pollinator observations and then use the validated models to predict pollinators for 159 species lacking observations. In addition, we employ multivariate statistics and phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether pollinator shifts are the main source of floral disparity in Melastomataceae.

We find strong support for four well‐differentiated pollination syndromes (‘buzz‐bee’, ‘nectar‐foraging vertebrate’, ‘food‐body‐foraging vertebrate’, ‘generalist’). While pollinator shifts add significantly to floral disparity, we find that the most species‐rich ‘buzz‐bee’ pollination syndrome is most disparate, indicating that high floral disparity may evolve without pollinator shifts. Also, relatively species‐poor clades and geographic areas contributed substantially to total disparity.

Finally, our results show that machine‐learning approaches are a powerful tool for evaluating the predictive accuracy of the pollination syndrome concept as well as for predicting pollinators where observations are missing.
The magnitude of Allee effects varies across Allee mechanisms, but not taxonomic groups
Authors: Muir Eva J. , Lajeunesse Marc J. , Kramer Andrew M.
Published: April 2024

The Allee effect is a density‐dependent phenomenon in which individual fitness increases as population density increases at low population densities. Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have identified Allee effects in populations using experimental approaches and statistical modeling techniques. These studies have investigated multiple Allee mechanisms (e.g. mate‐finding, predation, resource limitation), across a range of systems and taxa (e.g. plants, vertebrates, invertebrates). This meta‐analysis aims to synthesize studies that experimentally manipulated population density and measured either per capita population growth or fitness components, with the goal of determining whether the ‘magnitude' of the Allee effect (defined here as the positive correlation between population density and population growth or fitness) varies with Allee mechanism across taxonomic groups. A total of 2305 studies were screened, and 62 of these studies met our meta‐analysis inclusion criteria. Within these 62 studies, 155 effect sizes encompassing nine different Allee mechanisms were identified across five broad taxa. When grouped by Allee mechanism and taxa, the magnitude of the Allee effect differed across mechanisms, whereas taxonomic group was less useful at explaining variation in the magnitude of Allee effects. Of the nine Allee mechanisms identified, interspecific competition was associated with the largest Allee effects, followed by fear, pollen limitation and mate limitation. These findings suggest that Allee effects may be more dependent on mechanism than taxa and may function similarly within different taxonomic groups. However, as the majority of experimental Allee effect studies included in this meta‐analysis focused on plants and invertebrates, more research is needed on Allee effects in other taxonomic groups to confirm this conclusion. This first quantitative synthesis of Allee effect research in ecology offers novel insight into how Allee mechanisms affect the manifestation of Allee effects in populations, providing important information for ecologists and conservationists.