bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tra memoria pagana e mito cristiano: la Basilica di Massenzio
Authors: Salatin Francesca
Published: July 2018

Au début du xix e  s., grâce aux études de l’archéologue Antonio Nibby, la dénomination de l’une des ruines romaines les plus célèbres est réexaminée et corrigée : ce qui avait été connu sous le nom de Templum Pacis est désormais identifié comme la basilique de Maxence. Sous cette dédicace à la paix, aussi erronée que très évocatrice, prend corps une série de significations chrétiennes que nous nous proposons d’analyser ici. La basilique de Maxence habite l’imaginaire chrétien, selon deux axes distincts et d’origine lointaine, appelés néanmoins à se croiser à la Renaissance. C’est d’une part la légende qui lie le Templum Pacis au nom d’Auguste et établit un lien entre son effondrement et la naissance du Christ. De l’autre, lorsque le Templum Pacis est reconnu comme œuvre des Flaviens, une réinterprétation dans une lecture chrétienne du Bellum Iudaicum s’ajoute au prétexte légendaire : les noms de Vespasien et de Titus étaient indissolublement liés à la prise de Jérusalem et à la destruction du Temple de Salomon, tandis que le Templum Pacis rappelait le transfert à Rome des dépouilles des Jérusalémites, en alimentant la propagande de l’Église romaine qui se voyait en héritière de Jérusalem. La présente contribution se donne pour but d’analyser la stratification des aspects et des suggestions portées par ces deux horizons de signification, en tentant en même temps de démêler, grâce à l’examen de différentes sources, la trame où se tissent équivoques, effet légendaire et une possible réalité archéologique.
Une liberté à conquérir : du père sévère au père repère
Authors: Galdo Giovanna
Published: July 2018

Déclin du patriarcat, malentendu tragique concernant le sens de la fonction paternelle dans nos sociétés occidentales et contemporaines ? Très probablement. Mais aussi, d’un point de vue jungien, difficulté à tenir ensemble les notions de créativité et de limite, dans un monde qui nous pousse constamment à nous dépasser. D’où l’importance de faire revivre, chez les hommes et chez les femmes, un archétype paternel dont la fonction est, selon Jung, celle d’éveiller notre entendement, de permettre mouvement et créativité, de favoriser les relations avec autrui par le biais de lois et de limites. Une fonction paternelle qui soit capable de relier la difficulté du devoir de conscience et la nécessité de l’accueil de l’altérité. Une fonction paternelle qui soit capable de s’affirmer comme témoignage singulier de sa propre vérité tout en laissant un espace à l’individualité en devenir du fils et de la fille.
Dépendance et addiction
Authors: Hejnar Maria , Reyre Aymeric
Published: July 2018

L’être humain naît dépendant de son entourage et son autonomisation n’est possible que lorsque ce dernier y contribue favorablement. Le développement récent du concept d’addiction a permis de relier le fonctionnement des personnes dépendantes aux achoppements du processus de séparation/individuation. Cette compréhension nouvelle de la fonction des addictions dans le fonctionnement psychique contribue à adapter les pratiques soignantes et définir les nouvelles exigences de la pratique psychothérapeutique dans le domaine des addictions.
Spleen et Idéal – Idéal et Spleen
Authors: Fonseca Christiane
Published: July 2018

Dans Les Paradis artificiels, Baudelaire analyse les côtés à la fois exaltants et destructeurs provoqués par le vin, le haschisch et l’opium sur l’homme qui peut devenir peu à peu dépendant et perdre définitivement son âme. Néanmoins, l’artiste, comme Thomas de Quincey, à force d’exercer sa volonté, est capable d’extraire, au cours de ces expériences dangereuses, tout un matériel poétique qu’il devra ensuite élaborer dans son œuvre pour ne pas être emporté par les courants tumultueux de l’inconscient.
Análisis integrado de construcciones históricas: secuencia estratigráfica y diagnóstico patológico. Aplicación en la iglesia de Santa Clara (Córdoba)
Authors: Martín Talaverano Rafael , Cámara Muñoz Leandro , Murillo Fragero José Ignacio
Published: July 2018

El acercamiento al edificio histórico como el conjunto de construcciones y transformaciones que se han ido produciendo a lo largo de su historia permite entender con rigor la naturaleza evolutiva del mismo. En este sentido, la metodología de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura, basada en el análisis estratigráfico, aporta el marco teórico adecuado para el análisis de la secuencia evolutiva de los edificios existentes. El presente artículo ofrece una metodología novedosa para el estudio de las construcciones históricas que integra el análisis patológico en la secuencia estratigráfica. Gracias a ella, se obtiene una visión evolutiva de la estructura y de sus problemas patológicos, alcanzándose una mejor comprensión de los mismos. Además, permite obtener unos resultados más rigurosos, eficaces y respetuosos con los valores patrimoniales, potenciándose la optimización de los recursos para la conservación del patrimonio cultural. Esta propuesta se centra en el caso de estudio llevado a cabo en la antigua mezquita y ahora iglesia del convento de Santa Clara (Córdoba), donde la integración interdisciplinar ha proporcionado las bases para el desarrollo de este trabajo.
Changes in catch and bycatch composition and in species diversity of a semi-floating shrimp-trap fishery in three eastern Atlantic island ecosystems with different degrees of human alteration
Authors: Pajuelo José G. , Triay-Portella Raül , Delgado João , Góis Ana R. , Correia Sandra , Martins Albertino , González José A.
Published: July 2018

Composition and bycatch of semi-floating shrimp-trap fisheries (SSTF) were compared among areas with different levels of anthropogenic alteration of marine ecosystems. The three areas selected were Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. Mean species richness and diversity of the SSTF did not show significant differences among areas. The dominant species in catches of the SSTF for all regions studied was the main target species, Plesionika edwardsii, which accounted for 96.0% of the catch in Cape Verde, 75.8% in Madeira and 59.1% in the Canary Islands. Targeted pandalid shrimps accounted for more than 96.8% of total catches for all areas combined. Numbers of non-target species caught were 18 (Madeira), 14 (Canary Islands) and 16 (Cape Verde), of which 13 (Madeira), 8 (Canary Islands) and 11 (Cape Verde) were always discarded. Bycatch accounted for 0.5% (Madeira), 0.7% (Canary Islands) and 3.1% (Cape Verde) in numbers. Shark species accounted for 0.11% of all individuals caught. A total of 5 species in Madeira, 6 in the Canary Islands and 4 in Cape Verde, accounting for 0.2% to 0.8% of total catches, were not landed due to the small size of individuals or low numbers of individuals caught (self-consumption). The present results suggest that the selectivity of traps for the main target species, P. edwardsii, in SSTF changes due to changes in species dominance, which are probably linked to the degree of human fishing exploitation of the marine ecosystems in each area.
Quel avenir pour le logement social en Tunisie ?
Authors: Fguira Sami Ben , Belarem Mongi
Published: July 2018

Depuis l’indépendance, le logement social constitue en Tunisie une dimension importante et un défi pour le maintien de la paix sociale. De ce fait, ce secteur demeurait toujours une préoccupation majeure des différentes politiques de développement adoptées. Toutefois, cette offre a été souvent destinée aux couches solvables et ignorantes la demande des couches populaires non solvables. L’insuffisance des logements pour les couches populaires en milieu urbain a fait émerger des dysfonctionnements urbains dans les villes tunisiennes. On assistait à la prolifération de l’habitat spontané, la montée de la pauvreté et l’accentuation des phénomènes de ségrégation socio-spatiale. Ceci a imposé de nouveaux défis pour la planification urbaine en Tunisie.Aujourd'hui, le développement urbain implique en premier lieu la reconnaissance des droits des couches populaires à la ville. Il s’agit de placer les besoins et les intérêts des couches vulnérables au même niveau que ceux des couches solvables au niveau des politiques d’habitat et des législations. Cependant, la Tunisie, à l’instar des pays en développement, est confrontée à une nouvelle circonstance contradictoire : d’une part, la mondialisation et son agenda néolibéral impliquant d’abandonner un certain nombre de terrains de l’action sociale, et d’autre part, la nécessité de faire face aux demandes sociales excessives induites par la révolution à travers des politiques de logement volontaristes visant notamment les couches populaires.
Áreas urbanas inundáveis, perspectivas de gestão nos contextos francês e brasileiro
Authors: Moraes Sergio Torres
Published: July 2018

O estudo da diferente estrutura de organização de governo no Brasil e na França para o gerenciamento do território, principalmente no que tange a vulnerabilidade a desastres de ordem natural de áreas habitadas, pode colaborar com o avanço na resolução de problemas relativos ao risco da ocupação dessas áreas. É notório que a persistência do problema é consequência de políticas de desenvolvimento urbano falhas ou omissas em considerar os riscos de ocupação de áreas não propícias nos planos de uso do solo. Em ambos os países a busca para estruturar uma complexa organização do território se apoia em um universo de instrumentos legais que nem sempre é suficiente para lograr o "direito à cidade" a seus habitantes. No caso das regiões urbanizadas sujeitas a riscos ambientais observamos um esforço para criar instrumentos específicos que consigam uma gestão democrática do meio ambiente urbano e deem proteção à população ali residente. Neste estudo, buscamos no conceito de "resiliência" um apoio teórico para discutir a relação entre políticas públicas e seus efeitos nos territórios vulneráveis ao risco de inundação.
Aviação Agrícola no Brasil: contexto e caracterização
Authors: Mhereb Gabriel de Araujo , Norder Luiz Antonio C.
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de elaborar uma contextualização e uma caracterização do setor da aviação agrícola no Brasil, remontando à trajetória da modernização do campo e ao surgimento da aviação agrícola; também apresenta uma caracterização desse setor a partir das informações disponíveis sobre área atendida, evolução da frota e dos acidentes registrados. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão da literatura, levantamento, sistematização, análise e representação de dados e informações referentes ao tema. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o setor da aviação agrícola está em expansão no Brasil, tendo-se em vista o crescente aumento da frota de aviões, das empresas prestadoras de serviços distribuídas pelo país e também pela área pulverizada. Evidencia-se que a aviação agrícola apresenta índices de acidentes bastante superiores em relação aos demais segmentos da aviação civil. Nota-se ainda uma limitação na forma de registro das informações oficiais e nos registros apresentados pelas organizações do setor
Hidrelétricas e (re)ordenamento do território: uma comparação entre os povos amazônicos (Brasil) e das montanhas da Catalunya (Espanha)
Authors: Cavalcante Maria Madalena Aguiar , Pujol Antoni Francesc Tulla
Published: July 2018

O uso dos rios para geração de energia por meio de hidrelétricas causa diferentes impactos, tanto ecológicos e econônicos, quanto sociais. Dentre eles, a (des)territorialização das populações no entorno do reservatório constitui um dos mais conflituosos, visto que, o deslocamento é compulsório, e o processo de reassentamento não apresenta, necessariamente, a restituição das atividades diárias, causando um (re)ordenamento em seus territórios. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do artigo é comparar dois povoados (des)territorializados por hidrelétricas: um na Amazônia/Brasil, chamado de Teotônio, e o outro na Catalunya/Espanha, denominado Tiurana, de modo a demonstrar as principais dificuldades no processo de (re)territorialização. Para o desenvolvimento metodológico considerou-se povoados que apresentassem semelhanças, tais como: características de povos tradicionais, que fossem totalmente atingidos pelo reservatório das usinas hidrelétricas e que tenham sido reassentados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários semiestruturados para a obtenção de informações comparativas entre as atividades exercidas no antigo povoado e no atual. Os resultados demonstram que mais de 90% dos entrevistados em Teotônio/Brasil e 65% em Tiurana/Espanha apresentam dificuldades no restabelecimento das suas atividades econômicas, chegando até mesmo a não mais exercê-las. A conclusão é que, em ambos os casos, o uso dos rios tem sido para atender às necessidades dos grandes centros industriais, enquanto os povoados afetados pelo reservatório, ao serem reassentados, não têm o restabelecimento de suas atividades essenciais garantidas, resultando no esvaziamento do novo lugar, tornando-o apenas um memorial
Le city branding à l'épreuve de l'alternance politique à travers l’exemple stéphanois.
Authors: Sechi Giovanni
Published: July 2018

La transition de la ville fordiste à la ville entrepreneuriale s’est accompagnée d’une montée en puissance d’actions de city branding intégrant les stratégies de développement urbain. Les villes d’ancienne industrialisation étant parmi les premières à mettre en place ces actions, nous nous interrogeons tout d'abord sur les raisons qui ont poussé les acteurs locaux d'une de ces villes, Saint-Etienne, à être pionniers dans ce type de démarche. Ensuite, nous allons nous concentrer sur la relation existante entre l’alternance politique locale et le branding urbain à Saint-Etienne. A cet effet, nous proposons une analyse des actions de contre-image, de marketing urbain et de labellisation menées dans cette ville pendant les 40 dernières années. La question principale concerne l’influence de l’alternance politique dans la définition et redéfinition de ces actions. Notre hypothèse porte sur le fait que le marketing urbain n'a pas de couleur politique et relève plutôt d'une volonté des maires de personnaliser leur mandat avec la promotion d'images, programmes et actions différentes par rapport à leurs prédécesseurs.
Repenser la ville : la construction des identités urbaines à travers la publicité touristique
Authors: Manfredini Julie
Published: July 2018

À partir de 1889, date à laquelle le premier syndicat d’initiative (SI) a vu le jour à Grenoble, de nombreuses villes françaises ont fondé une structure identique dévolue à la mise en valeur de l’espace urbain en faveur du tourisme. Rassemblant les métiers intéressés par le tourisme, ces organismes regroupaient de nombreux publicistes. Ainsi, ces associations autonomes, parents pauvres du tourisme, sont à l’origine d’une intense publicité touristique sous diverses formes. Cette promotion réfléchie et proposée par plusieurs acteurs, étroits collaborateurs des SI comme les communes, les CRT (comités régionaux du tourisme) ou les associations touristiques locales, tend à valoriser l’identité de la ville pour faire face à la concurrence et se démarquer des destinations voisines. Les paysages locaux et le patrimoine reconnus comme inhérents à l’identité du territoire constituent les éléments fondateurs de cette publicité. Les représentations véhiculées par ces outils publicitaires s’installent sur la durée et sont progressivement adoptées par les habitants, eux-mêmes. Par conséquent, à travers l’étude de cette publicité et de ses outils, il s’agit d’une part de comprendre le rôle de ces acteurs concernant l’image touristique de leur ville, leur degré de motivation et leur engagement pour la mise en tourisme de leur territoire, notamment par la valorisation d’un tourisme culturel, de la fin du XIXe siècle à aujourd’hui. D’autre part, il s’agit d’étudier la conception et l’évolution du tourisme urbain depuis la fin du XIXe siècle à travers l’évolution de cette publicité touristique. Enfin, nous souhaitons démontrer ce besoin de modernité pour s’adapter à la rapide évolution du tourisme afin de percevoir ses conséquences sur la représentation de l’espace urbain.
Le mot pueblo dans la littérature juridico-politique espagnole du tournant des XVIe et XVIIe  siècles, et son archéologie
Authors: Gandoulphe Pascal
Published: July 2018

L’étude s’appuie sur les définitions du mot pueblo dans les dictionnaires de l’époque, de ses usages dans les Siete Partidas ainsi que dans quelques traités politiques des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Il s’agit de s’interroger sur les valeurs et la portée de ce terme ambigu et polysémique dans les discours politiques du temps et sur les différentes façons de nommer un sujet politique collectif.
De l’édification du peuple de Dieu
Authors: Trousselard Sylvain
Published: July 2018

Cette contribution se propose de présenter un corpus anonyme de la fin du xiiie siècle en insistant sur l’instance du discours et les enjeux du texte. En effet, à l’occasion de la description et de la présentation d’un animal, le locuteur-poète entreprend un travail d’assimilation de caractères, développant une typologie comportementale ou physiologique dont l’objectif est de proposer un enseignement à un public nommé et suggéré dont on sait qu’il constitue l’assemblée des fidèles, le peuple de Dieu. Le texte se transforme dès lors en un point de départ pour un discours autre qui sera activé par le lecteur, voire le prédicateur, et dont la finalité sera de modifier le comportement, l’habitude du fidèle face à sa pratique religieuse ou, plus simplement, dans son quotidien.
Le peuple chez les Républicains florentins de la Renaissance, définition et fonctions
Authors: Picquet Théa
Published: July 2018

En Italie à la Renaissance, à Florence en particulier, le terme de « peuple » désigne un groupe social bien spécifique : la moyenne et petite bourgeoisie. Il se voit reconnaître un rôle capital dans le fonctionnement d’une république. Promu au rôle d’acteur de la vie politique, il n’est pas un sujet passif de l’histoire, mais participe au premier rang à l’équilibre, à la paix et à la cohésion de la cité ainsi qu’à une bonne administration de la justice.Pour démontrer ces propos, nous nous fonderons sur la pensée politique de deux républicains florentins : le célèbre Machiavel et son successeur aux affaires de l’État, Donato Giannotti.
Pueblo o sociedad en el pensamiento político español de la modernidad
Authors: Aranda Pérez Francisco José
Published: July 2018

Il s’agit de parcourir les différentes implications et les variantes du concept de « peuple », entendu comme dialectique entre « gouvernés » qui se soumettent et collaborent – ou pas – et « gouvernants », dans un contexte théorique où prévalent les théories monarchiques absolutistes, depuis l’aristotélisme et la scolastique médiévale, en passant par l’humanisme et le baroque, jusqu’à l’Illustration : c’est-à-dire depuis les Partidas et les Cortès de Tolède de 1480, jusqu’aux Cortès de Cadix et à la Constitution de 1812. En effet, alors que la « tête » a toujours bénéficié d’une plus grande définition, il a fallu attendre longtemps pour qu’il en soit de même pour les membres, et ce, au terme d’évolutions complexes. En Espagne comme en Europe, le développement du concept de « citoyenneté » apparaît tout d’abord comme une affirmation socio-économique avant d’adopter un sens proprement politique, ce qui sera pleinement le cas lors des Cortès de Cadix.
Los pleitos de incorporación a la corona durante el seiscientos valenciano
Authors: Verdet Martínez Nuria
Published: July 2018

Le phénomène des procès d’incorporation à la couronne fut particulièrement important dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. C’est pendant cette période et grâce à ces affaires judiciaires qu’ont été forgés les idées et les concepts qui déboucheront sur la suppression de la juridiction seigneuriale décrétée par les Cortès de Cadix. Cependant, ce processus plonge ses racines dans les siècles précédents, et de fait, tout au long des xvie et xviie siècles, un petit nombre de municipalités valenciennes engagèrent les premières actions en faveur d’une intégration à la couronne. Francisco Jerónimo de León, détenteur de la charge d’avocat fiscal et patrimonial du Conseil d’Aragon, participa à trois des plus anciens procès d’intégration à la couronne concernant le royaume de Valence : Segorbe, Elche et Castalla. Dans le cadre de cette dernière affaire, le juriste valencien rédigea des allegationes iuris (1625) où il développa un argumentaire en faveur de l’intégration de cette seigneurie au patrimoine royal. Son raisonnement, qui s’appuie en grande partie sur la notion de bien public, constitua un important apport juridique et doctrinaire au courant « incorporationniste » du xviiie siècle.
Réformer le peuple ?
Authors: Regeste-Mistral Marion
Published: July 2018

Au cœur des écrits réformistes de Cristóbal Pérez de Herrera se trouve le dispositif destiné à réduire drastiquement la pauvreté ou du moins, une pauvreté perçue comme usurpant un état qui ne peut être que subit, pour différentes raisons qui ne permettent pas le travail, ou choisit mais alors il s’agit d’un chemin de perfection, une ascèse.Chercher le peuple dans ce projet est difficile, car jamais l’auteur n’utilise ce mot pour désigner ou définir l’objet sur lequel vont s’appliquer ses propositions. Il faut soit partir d’un postulat (les pauvres sont issus du peuple), mais cette vision est réductrice tant le pauvre est protéiforme, soit interroger encore et encore les textes afin d’arriver à une description de ce que l’on pourrait appeler « peuple ».
Peuple et anti-peuple. La gente comme sujet politique en Espagne, des mouvements du 15 M à l’hypothèse populiste de Podemos (2011-2017)
Authors: Delage Agnès
Published: July 2018

Le parti Podemos revendique de « construire le peuple », c’est-à-dire de constituer la représentation politique d’un nouveau « nous le peuple » démocratique, issu du mouvement des Indignés du 15 M 2011. Défendant depuis 2014 une conception du peuple comme « gente » – les gens – dans la lignée inclusive du 15 M, le parti Podemos s’est trouvé depuis 2016 traversé par de profonds débats portant sur la nature même de son projet politique. Notre analyse part donc de la mise en usage du terme gente dans le contexte du 15 M 2011, pour étudier la représentation du peuple dans la formulation proposée par Podemos d’une « hypothèse populiste ». Quel peuple pour quel populisme ? est en effet la question à laquelle se trouvent actuellement confrontés le parti Podemos et, plus largement, les mouvements populistes à l’échelle européenne.
Recompositions domestiques dans les marges africaines connectées
Authors: Mbanza Edgar Charles
Published: July 2018

Observées à l'échelle du quotidien depuis les marges urbaines d’Afrique, les technologies numériques n’impactent pas seulement le registre de la consommation ménagère et des identités expressives, elles agissent fondamentalement sur l'articulation des univers public et privé, faisant de l'espace domestique un pôle économique et politique majeur, lieu central de connexion à la globalité technologique. La tendance que renseigne cet article basé sur une enquête ethnographique est une imbrication singulière entre le territoire des intimités domestiques et la nouvelle économie informelle. Le foyer urbain populaire apparaît dès lors comme un formidable terrain d’étude pour qui s’intéressent aux formes d’innovation et aux littératies numériques ordinaires à travers lesquelles l’on observe des reconfigurations significatives des rapports sociaux.
Exploring Multiple Dynamic Social Networks in Computer-Mediated Communications
Authors: Osesina O. Isaac , Tudoreanu M. Eduard , McIntire John P. , Havig Paul R. , Geiselman Eric E.
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses concepts and tools for the exploration and visualization of computer-mediated communication (CMC), especially communication involving multiple users and taking place asynchronously. The work presented here is based on experimentally validated social networks (SN) extraction methods and consists of a diverse number of techniques for conveying the data to a business analyst. The chapter explores a large number of contexts ranging from direct social network graphs to more complex geographical, hierarchical, and conversation-centric approaches. User validation studies were conducted for the most representative techniques, centered both on extracting and on conveying of CMC data. The chapter examines methods for automatically extracting social networks, which is determining who is communicating with whom across different CMC channels. Beyond the network, the chapter focuses on the end-user discovery of topics and on integrating those with geographical, hierarchical, and user data. User-centric, interactive visualizations are presented from a functional perspective.
Arts Integration Techniques in the Adult Learning Environment
Authors: Dimmitt Eric J.
Published: July 2018

The visual and performance arts can play an important role in the success of the learning environment. For example, research on arts-based techniques in business management programs using such approaches as artistic reflection, critique, or creating artifacts have been conducted. These studies suggest the use of arts integration techniques in the learning environment changes participants' beliefs about their content and deepens understanding around the context of the learning. This chapter will share both the theories related to arts integration and instructional strategies that focus on arts-integrated instructional approaches in the adult learning environment.
Effective Teaching Strategies to Connect With the Adult Learners' Worldview
Authors: Jones Janice E. , Baran Mette L. , Steuber Julie A.
Published: July 2018

Today's complex and fast-moving environment requires higher education educators to use flexible approaches in their teaching. All educators know that teaching is a challenging yet rewarding task. While teaching may appear easy, the work is highly complex with many causes impacting the learning environment. While many of these forces are not controlled by the teacher, this chapter shares strategies that work well with adult learners. The authors consider students enrolled in higher education to fall into this category.
Sustainable Development in Agriculture
Authors: Bhatnagar Vaibhav , Poonia Ramesh C.
Published: July 2018

Agriculture is the prime source of livelihood for human beings, animals, and all living beings. Agriculture also plays a vital role in the economy of India. This chapter describes the importance of agriculture and factors affecting the development of agriculture. The international scenario of agriculture, current status of Indian agriculture, and position of Rajasthan (state in India) in agriculture are described in this chapter. The total production, total imports and exports, method of irrigation, net area of irrigation, types of crops, fertilization consumption, and highlight of Union Budget 2018-19 of Indian agriculture are described in this chapter. The geography of Rajasthan according to agriculture, production of crop, and consumption of fertilization are also elaborated in this chapter. This chapter is concluded with future perspectives of India agriculture.
Modular Ontologies Composition
Authors: Abbes Hanen , Gargouri Faïez
Published: July 2018

This article describes how a modular ontology is a set of interconnected ontology modules. Modularity is a key requirement for collaborative ontology engineering and for distributed ontology reuse on the Web. Combining ontology modules in this context to get a global ontology is an important issue since it requires to resolves mismatches between the compared concepts. This article proposes a novel approach to automatically compose ontology modules. The proposed approach is based on concept structure comparison. The algorithm allowing to merge the ontology modules into a global ontology is detailed and similarity measures are explained. Similarity measures are computed against concept names, attributes and relationships. Experiments performed to test this algorithm are described and evaluation results are equally discussed.
Forgiveness Predictors and Trust in a Digital Age
Authors: Laifa Meriem , Giglou Roya Imani , Samir Akrouf , Maamri Ramdane
Published: July 2018

This article describes how interpersonal relationships structures and standards are evolving. By focusing on a social network context, this study examined different factors that can affect forgiveness decision of a victim of an online offense. In addition, it inspected whether the decrease of trust after an online-related offense can be affected by forgiveness. 323 participants took part in this study by completing a questionnaire that recorded different measurements. Structural equation modeling was used as the main technique for data analysis, and AMOS was used as a tool. Surprisingly, while empathy and commitment had no significant direct effect, results showed that the severity of the offense, its frequency and pretransgression trust are the main factors that influence forgiveness. Moreover, a victim's trust towards the transgressor decreased much more in the absence of forgiveness than in its presence. A valuable contribution of this article is in the prospect for related future research as well as the potential for applications that explore new techniques to facilitate forgiveness in the digital age.
Comparison the Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Film and its Composites with ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Jamnongkan Tongsai , Kamlong Nareerat , Thiangtrong Nicha , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: July 2018

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bioplastic, which is produced from natural materials. It is well known that the PLA can be degraded in the environment which is alternatively rendered to replace the plastic from a petroleum base. In this paper, we study the physical properties of composite films prepared from PLA composited with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by using solvent casting technique. It was found that the ZnO NPs have affected to the morphological, water absorbency, mechanical and antibacterial properties of biocomposite films. In addition, we also found that the particles of ZnO NPs can disperse within the PLA matrices, which enhanced the stress and Young’s modulus of biocomposite films. Additionally, the result shown that the PLA/ZnO NPs films exhibit good antibacterial activity both in Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains.
The Damping Properties of Plate-Like Magnetorheological Elastomer
Authors: Hapipi Norhiwani Mohd , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Khairi Muntaz Hana Ahmad , Mohamad Norzilawati
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to investigate the damping properties of plate-like carbonyl iron particle (CIP) magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). The damping properties of MRE is mainly dependent on the strength of magnetic field. Anisotropic MRE was fabricated under various magnetic fields strength (70, 210, 345, and 482 mT) and its damping property prior to frequency-dependent was measured using a rheometer. Firstly, the plate-like CIP was first synthesized from spherical CIP using a ball-milling method. The microstructure of plate-like CIP was observed using low vacuum scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, two types of MREs which are isotropic and anisotropic were fabricated using 70 weight percent (wt.%) of plate-like CIP. The experimental results showed that the anisotropic MRE has lower damping factor than isotropic MRE. Meanwhile, the damping factor increases with the increase of frequency.
Human menopausal gonadotropin-induced bioprosthetic valve thrombosis
Authors: Abazid Rami Mahmood , Shoman Mohamed , Smettie Osama A , Elamin Osama A.
Published: July 2018

Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis (BPVT) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) is commonly used for ovulation induction and has been associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. We reported a case of BPVT related to in vitro fertilization in a 39-year-old female, who underwent redo mitral valve replacement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of hMG-induced BPVT in a young female patient.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and kisspeptin – A Sri Lankan study
Authors: Umayal B , Jayakody SN , Chandrasekharan NV , Wijesundera WSS , Wijeyaratne CN
Published: July 2018

Context:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder affecting young women. Kisspeptins are a family of closely related peptides encoded by Kiss1 gene that controls the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis by binding to its receptor (GPR54) expressed in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and releases GnRH. Since GnRH secretion is deregulated in PCOS, we hypothesized that dysregulated gonadotropin secretion in PCOS is reflected by kisspeptin levels.

Aim:

We aimed to measure serum kisspeptin levels of subjects with well-characterized PCOS versus controls and explore any correlation between kisspeptin and PCOS-related reproductive and metabolic disturbances.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive women with PCOS manifesting from adolescence (n = 55) and adult controls (n = 110) were recruited. Pre-treatment baseline clinical, anthropometry, and biochemical parameters were measured in all. Serum kisspeptin and testosterone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results:

Serum kisspeptin and testosterone concentrations were significantly higher in women with PCOS (kisspeptin 4.873 nmol/L; testosterone 4.713 nmol/L) than controls (kisspeptin 4.127 nmol/L; testosterone 3.415 nmol/L; P < 0.05). Serum kisspeptin levels were positively associated with PCOS (odds ratio: 1.853; 95% confidence interval: 1.246–2.755; P = 0.002) in our studied population.

Conclusion:

Serum kisspeptin levels are higher in Sri Lankan women with PCOS manifesting from adolescence compared with controls regardless of body mass index. We propose serum kisspeptin concentration as a useful marker to recognize PCOS that manifests from adolescence.
Peripheral arterial disease and risk of hip fracture
Authors: Ungprasert P , Wijarnpreecha K , Thongprayoon C , Cheungpasitporn W
Published: July 2018

Background:

Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of hip fracture among patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), however, the results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to summarize all available evidence to better characterize the risk of incident hip fracture among these patients.

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through October 2017 to identify all cohort and case-control studies that compared the risk of subsequent hip fracture between patients with PAD and individuals without PAD. Effect estimates of the included studies were extracted and combined using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.

Results:

The systematic review process yielded six eligible cohort studies comprising 15,895 patients with PAD. There was a significant association between incident hip fracture and PAD with the pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.64 (95% CI, 1.17–2.29; I
2, 80%), comparing patients with PAD and individuals without PAD. Subgroup analysis by study design revealed significant results for both prospective studies (pooled RR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.12–2.28; I
2, 0%) and retrospective studies (pooled RR 1.72; 95% CI, 1.07–2.77; I
2, 92%). The funnel plot is relatively asymmetric suggesting publication bias.

Conclusion:

This study found a significant association between PAD and hip fracture with the pooled RR of 1.64 (95% CI, 1.17–2.29) on comparing patients with PAD and individuals without PAD. Major limitations include high between-study heterogeneity, possibility of publication bias, and lack of data on the characteristics and type of hip fracture which may limit the clinical significance of the observations.
Crossover Effects of Protective Behavioural Strategies for Drinking on Gambling Consequences Among College Gamblers With Alcohol or Drug Abuse
Authors: Granato Hollie , Luk Jeremy W , Paves Andrew , Geisner Irene M , Cronce Jessica M , Kilmer Jason R , Lostutter Ty W , Larimer Mary E
Published: July 2018

Protective behavioural strategies (PBS) for drinking are behaviours that individuals engage in to reduce the amount they drink and drinking-related consequences. To date, little is known about associations that PBS might have with other risky behaviours that frequently coincide with drinking, such as gambling. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between three subscales of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (PBSS) and gambling consequences in a college sample of gamblers who also met criteria for alcohol or drug abuse. We hypothesized that engaging in more drinking PBS would be associated with lower levels of gambling consequences. A sample of 316 students (55% female) completed an online survey and met criteria for problematic gambling behaviour (3 or more on the South Oaks Gambling Screen and 1 or more consequences on the Gambling Problem Index). Those endorsing a higher score on the Serious Harm Reduction subscale (but not the Stopping or Limiting Drinking or Manner of Drinking subscales) showed a lower level of lifetime gambling consequences, suggesting a crossover effect. Strategies to reduce serious harm represent a treatment target that could potentially reduce negative consequences associated with both drinking and gambling.Résumé Les personnes aux prises avec des problèmes d’abus d’alcool adoptent des stratégies comportementales de protection pour réduire leur consommation et ses conséquences. À ce jour, on sait peu de choses sur les possibles associations entre ces comportements et d’autres comportements à risque qui coïncident souvent avec l’abus d’alcool, comme le jeu. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les associations entre trois sous-échelles de stratégies comportementales et les conséquences du jeu à l’aide d’un échantillon de joueurs universitaires qui répondaient également aux critères de consommation abusive d’alcool/de drogue. On a émis l’hypothèse que le fait d’adopter des stratégies comportementales à l’égard de la consommation d’alcool diminuerait l’importance des conséquences relatives au jeu. Un échantillon de 316 étudiants sondés en ligne (55 % de femmes) a répondu aux critères de comportement de jeu problématique (3 critères ou plus sur le South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGC] et une ou plusieurs conséquences sur l’Indice de jeu excessif [PGSI]). Les personnes qui entrent dans des sous-échelles de réduction importante des méfaits (mais pas les sous-échelles d’arrêt ou de limitation de consommation ou de mode de consommation) ont montré, au fil du temps, une diminution des effets du jeu, ce qui laisse croire à un certain effet de croisement. On aborde dans cet article la portée de cette analyse sur la prévention et l’intervention.
Metrology of the Solar Spectral Irradiance at the Top Of Atmosphere in the Near Infrared Measured at Mauna Loa Observatory: The PYR-ILIOS campaign
Authors: Pereira Nuno , Bolsée David , Sperfeld Peter , Pape Sven , Sluse Dominique , Cessateur Gaël
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The near infrared (NIR) part of the solar spectrum is of prime importance for the solar physics and climatology, directly intervening in the Earth's radiation budget. Despite its major role, available solar spectral irradiance (SSI) NIR datasets, space-borne or ground based, present discrepancies caused by instrumental or methodological reasons. We present new results obtained from the PYR-ILIOS campaign, which is a replication of the previous IRSPERAD campaign which took place in 2011 at the Izaña Observatory (IZO). We used the same instrument and primary calibration source of spectral irradiance. A new site was chosen for PYR-ILIOS: the Mauna-Loa observatory in Hawaii (3397 m asl), approximately 1000 m higher than IZO. Relatively to IRSPERAD, the methodology of monitoring the traceability to the primary calibration source was improved. The results as well as a detailed error budget are presented. We demonstrate that the most recent results, from PYR-ILIOS and other space-borne and ground-based experiments show an NIR SSI lower than ATLAS3 for wavelengths above 1.6 μm.
Local time extent of magnetopause reconnection X-lines using space–ground coordination
Authors: Zou Ying , Walsh Brian M. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , McWilliams Kathryn A. , Nishitani Nozomu
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Magnetic reconnection X-lines can vary considerably in length. At the Earth's magnetopause, the length generally corresponds to the extent in local time. The extent has been probed by multi-spacecraft crossing the magnetopause, but the estimates have large uncertainties because of the assumption of a continuous X-line between spacecraft and the lack of information beyond areas of spacecraft coverage. The extent has also been inferred by radars as fast ionospheric flows moving anti-sunward across the open-closed field line boundary, but whether a particular ionospheric flow results from reconnection needs to be confirmed. To achieve a reliable interpretation, we compare X-line extents probed by multi-spacecraft and radars for three conjunction events. We find that when reconnection is active at only one spacecraft, only the ionosphere conjugate to this spacecraft shows a channel of fast anti-sunward flow. When reconnection is active at two spacecraft and the spacecraft are separated by  10 Re) are possible forms of reconnection at the magnetopause. Interestingly, the extended reconnection develops from a localized patch via spreading across local time. Potential effects of IMF Bx and By on the X-line extent are discussed.
Community composition and seasonal changes of archaea in coarse and fine air particulate matter
Authors: Wehking Jörn , Pickersgill Daniel A. , Bowers Robert M. , Teschner David , Pöschl Ulrich , Fröhlich-Nowoisky Janine , Després Viviane R.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Archaea are ubiquitous in terrestrial and marine environments and play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. Although air acts as the primary medium for their dispersal among different habitats, their diversity and abundance is not well characterized. The main reason for this lack of insight is that archaea are difficult to culture, seem to be low in number in the atmosphere, and have so far been difficult to detect even with molecular genetic approaches. However, to better understand the transport, residence time, and living conditions of microorganisms in the atmosphere as well as their effects on the atmosphere and vice versa, it is essential to study all groups of bioaerosols. Here we present an in-depth analysis of airborne archaea based on Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from atmospheric coarse and fine particulate matter samples and show seasonal dynamics and discuss anthropogenic influences on the diversity, composition, and abundance of airborne archaea.The relative proportions of archaea to bacteria, the differences of the community composition in fine and coarse particulate matter, and the high abundance in coarse matter of one typical soil related family, the Nitrososphaeraceae, point to local phyllosphere and soil habitats as primary emission sources of airborne archaea.We found comparable seasonal dynamics for the dominating Euryarchaeota classes and Crenarchaeota orders peaking in summer and fall. In contrast, the omnipresent Cenarchaeales and the Thermoplasmata occur only throughout summer and fall. We also gained novel insights into archaeal composition in fine particulate matter (< 3 µm), with Cenarchaeaceae, Nitrososphaeraceae, Methanosarcinales, Thermoplasmata, and the genus Nitrosopumilus as the dominating taxa.The seasonal dynamics of methanogenic Euryarchaeota point to anthropogenic activities, such as fertilization of agricultural fields with biogas substrates or manure, as sources of airborne archaea. This study gains a deeper insight into the abundance and composition of archaea in the atmosphere, especially within the fine particle mode, which adds to a better understanding of the overall atmospheric microbiome.
Early season N2O emissions under variable water management in rice
systems: source-partitioning emissions using isotopocule signatures
along a depth profile
Authors: Verhoeven Elizabeth , Barthel Matti , Yu Longfei , Celi Luisella , Said-Pullicino Daniel , Sleutel Steven , Lewicka-Szczebak Dominika , Six Johan , Decock Charlotte
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Soil moisture strongly affects the balance between nitrification, denitrification and N2O reduction and therefore the nitrogen (N) efficiency and N losses in agricultural systems. In rice systems, there is a need to improve alternative water management practices, which are designed to save water and reduce methane emissions, but may increase N2O and decrease nitrogen use efficiency. In a field experiment with three water management treatments, we measured N2O isotopocule signatures (δ15N, δ18O and site preference, SP) of emitted and pore air N2O over the course of six weeks in the early rice growing season. Isotopocule measurements were coupled with simultaneous measurements of pore water NO3−, NH4+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), water filled pore space (WFPS) and soil redox potential (Eh) at three soil depths. We then used the relationship between SP × δ18O-N2O and SP × δ15N-N2O in simple two endmember mixing models to evaluate the contribution of nitrification, denitrification, fungal denitrification to total N2O emissions and to estimate N2O reduction rates. N2O emissions were higher in a dry-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (DS-AWD) treatment relative to water-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (WS-AWD) and water-seeded + conventional flooding (WS-FLD) treatments. In the DS-AWD treatment the highest emissions were associated with a high contribution from denitrification and a decrease in N2O reduction; while in the WS treatments, the highest emissions occurred when contributions from denitrification/nitrifier-denitrification and nitrification/fungal denitrification were more equal. Modeled denitrification rates appeared to be tightly linked to nitrification and NO3− availability in all treatments, thus water management affected the rate of denitrification and N2O reduction by controlling the substrate availability for each process (NO3− and N2O), likely through changes in mineralization and nitrification rates. Our model estimates of mean N2O reduction rates match well those observed in 15N fertilizer labeling studies in rice systems and show promise for the use of dual isotopocule mixing models to estimate N2 losses.
Atmospheres of retail and the asceticism of civilized consumption
Authors: Brighenti Andrea Mubi , Kärrholm Mattias
Published: July 2018

Abstract. During recent decades, consumption-oriented spaces of comfort and hospitality have proliferated – including, for instance, lounge shopping malls, food court plazas, spas, entertainment retail, visitor centres, and the development of ever larger pedestrian precincts. In this article we explore shopping malls as capitalist “domes” in Sloterdijk's sense. We observe atmospheric production, atmospheric management and atmospheric culture (which we propose to call atmoculture) inside such domes. Processes of retailization and mallification – whereby shopping malls and retail spaces absorb increasing economic and societal energies – can be regarded as correlative to the rise of an atmoculture of civilized consumption. Such atmoculture is visible for instance in stress-avoidance strategies and the production of a pleasurable experience in consumption-oriented public zones. The design of contemporary retail spaces seems to pivot around specific atmospheric strategies developed to promote and sustain civilized consumption. In this piece, we describe four different strategies of atmospheric production, identifying their possible shortcomings and failings. Finally, we advance the hypothesis that the atmospheric production of retail can also be analyzed with reference to Sloterdijk's theorization of asceticism as self-disciplination.