bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cochlear Synaptopathy in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing UsingAuditory Brainstem Response and Electrocochleography Tests
Authors: Ahmadpour Tofiq , Toufan Reyhane , Pourbakht Akram , Kamali Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Tinnitus is defined a phantom sound percept. Few studies have examined the occurrence of synaptopathy in tinnitus patients utilizing a battery of tests that indicate synaptopathy. This study aimed to investigate the role of synaptopathy in tinnitus production and compare the various characteristics of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test and electrocochleography (ECochG) in normal-hearing people with and without tinnitus.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 34 normal-hearing individuals, 20 without tinnitus as controls (11 females and 9 males) and 14 with tinnitus (8 females and 6 men). The test components (amplitude, growth and slope of wave I, V/I ratio, action potential (AP) amplitude, and summating potential (SP)/AP) ratio were recorded during the ABR and ECochG tests for each subject.
Results: The control group had higher mean values of amplitude, growth and slope of wave I, and AP amplitude compared to the tinnitus group, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean V/I ratio and SP/AP ratio were lower in the control group than in the tinnitus group, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The significant difference in the parameters of ABR and ECochG tests between normal-hearing people with and without tinnitus indicates that these parameters can be used to evaluate the presence of synaptopathy in tinnitus patients. These findings suggest the need for proper interpretation of the results of ABR and ECochG tests in tinnitus patients with a focus on the parameters indicating synaptopathy.
Acceptable Noise Level in Unilateral Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Nasiri Elahe , Jalilvand Hamid , Yazdani Nasrin , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Noise tolerance and performance in noisy environments are influential factors of hearing aid use in people with hearing loss. One of the causes of hearing loss is Meniere’s disease (MD), which affects speech perception in noise. Acceptable noise level (ANL) is a test that measures the maximum tolerated background noise level (BNL) while listening to the running speech. Since the effect of MD on ANL needs further study, the present study aims to examine the ANL test results in people with unilateral MD, and compare the results between the two ears.
Methods: This cross sectional study conducted on 33 individuals with unilateral MD (21 females and 12 males) aged 32–60 years who had the disease for at least one year, who participated in this study. Their most comfortable level (MCL), BNL, and ANL in both ears were then evaluated.
Results: The mean MCL and BNL were significantly different between the two ears, where they were higher in the affected ear than in the contralateral ear. There was also a significant difference in the ANL results between the two ears. In the affected ear, a statistically significant relationship was reported between the ANL and the average hearing thresholds at frequencies of 250, 500, and 1000 Hz.
Conclusion: MD affects the ANL in the affected ear and causes a deterioration in its level and speech perception in noise.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Persian Dynamic Spatial Quick Speech-in-Noise Test in Adults with Normal Hearing
Authors: Ashrafi Majid , Maharati Fatemeh , Jafarzadeh Bejestani Sadegh , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Spatial hearing is a prerequisite for the proper function of the listener in complex auditory environments. In the present study, a Persian version of the dynamic spatial-quick speech in noise (DS-QSIN) has been developed with respect to all possible factors affecting the test and to run five lists for normal hearing subjects and assessment of reliability.
Methods: To construct five new lists according to the original quick speech in noise (QSIN) test, we used frequent, familiar, and difficult words to construct unpredictable sentences. After determining the content and face validity of the sentences, 30 selected sentences were played using a DS-QSIN software for 35 subjects aged 18–25 years. The reliability of the test was assessed after repeating the test after two weeks.
Results: According to expert judges, these 30 sentences showed acceptable  content  and  face validity with the changes. The average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss of five lists was –5.2 dB. No significant difference was seen between men and women in all lists. The results indicate no difference in the average SNR loss between the five lists. Regarding the reliability assessment, the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.5 to 0.7 (p<0.05). The intra-class correlation coefficient between test-retest was statistically significant (p>0.001) and confirmed that the lists have high reliability and repeatability.
Conclusion: DS-QSIN test showed good validity and reliability and can be helpful in diagnosis and selecting the best method for rehabilitation of people with a spatial hearing disorder.
Effect of Ischemia-Induced Cochlear Inflammation on Auditory Responses in Male Rats
Authors: Fanaei Hamed , Pourbakht Akram , Jafarzadeh Sadegh
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Ischemic injury is a major cause of hearing loss and oxidative stress is an important part of ischemic injury. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cochlear oxidative stress effect on auditory responses in male rats.
Methods: Cochlear oxidative stress was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 20 minutes. The rats were evaluated by biochemical inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the day before and 1st, 4th, and 7th days following surgery. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) and electrocochleography (ECochG) were evaluated on the day before surgery and 14th, 21th and 28th days after surgery.
Results: TNF-α and CRP levels concentrations increased one day after ischemia and subsequently decreased on the 7th day. The click and tone burst evoked ABR showed increased thresholds on day14th, 21th, and 28th. The highest threshold was recorded on day14th. The ECochG results also were abnormal for 55%, 70%, and 45% of cases on day 14th, 21th, and 28th, respectively.
Conclusion: Cochlear oxidative stress affects hearing sensitivity. The ABR shows elevated thresholds and abnormal ECochG was found in many cases.
Effect of Musical Training on Temporal Resolution and Temporal Fine Structure Processing
Authors: Pirouzmand Yazdan , Nazeri Ahmadreza , Jalilvand Karimi Leyla , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza , Majidpour Amir
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Many aspects and features of auditory system can be improved by musical training. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a stringed musical instrument playing course on temporal resolution and temporal fine structure (TFS) processing.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 normal-hearing adults aged 20–40 years divided to two groups. The first group included 22 stringed musical instruments players (13 males) with at least three years of experience, and the second group were 22 non- players (13 males). The random gap detection test (RGDT) was used to measure temporal resolution aspect of hearing. For TFS processing, latest version of temporal fine structure-adaptive frequency (TFS-AF) test was used.
Results: The TFS-AF results showed no statistically significant difference between groups in different interaural phase differences (IPDs). The RGDT results showed significant differences between groups at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz, but not at 4000 Hz. Spearman correlation test results showed no statistically significant correlation between the results of TFS-AF and RGDT.
Conclusion: Musical training has no effect on TFS processing but considerably enhances gap detection ability. Their underlying mechanisms for TFS processing and gap detection are different.
Human Muscle Synergy Analysis to Approach the Understanding of Brain Control Algorithm
Authors: Nowshiravan Rahatabad Fereidoun , Rangraz Parisa
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Muscle synergy is a functional unit that coordinates the activity of a number of muscles. In this study, the extraction of muscle synergies in three types of hand movements in the horizontal plane is investigated.
Materials and Methods: So, after constructing the tracking pattern of three signals, by LabVIEW, the Electromyography (EMG) signal from six muscles of hand was recorded. Then time-constant muscle synergies and their activity curves from the recorded EMG signals were extracted using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method.
Results: Comparison of these patterns showed that the non-random motions’ synergies were more similar than the random motions among different individuals. It was observed that in all movements, the similarity of the synergies in one cluster was greater than the similarity of their corresponding activation curves.
Conclusion: The results showed that the complexity of the recurrence plot in random movement is greater than that of the other movements.
Prediction of Self-Control Based on Cognitive Intelligence and Socio-Emotional Behavior Assessments in Early Childhood
Authors: Dadjoo Mohsen , Gharibzadeh Shahriar
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The infrastructure core of self-control, as an indicator of future success, is unsettled. To better investigate the nature of self-control, and strengthening it, it is necessary to know to what extent is self-control based on cognitive or socio-emotional abilities?
Materials and Methods: The authors measured the cognitive intelligence and socio-emotional behavior of 377 healthy Iranian children (girl=46.1%) by Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) and Kindergarten Inventory of Social-Emotional Tendencies (KIST) at the age range of 42-66 months (mean=54.86, SD=5.88). Then, they assessed their Self-control competency 18 months later, to know which component of WPPSI or KIST could better predict Self-control.
Results:.The correlation matrix between all study variables shows that there are more positive significant correlations among Self-control with KIST subsets (5/6) than WPPSI subsets (2/10). The results of automatic linear modelling show that the significant predictors of self-control in the total model (R2=0.161) were Hyperactivity-Maladaptive Behavior (HMB(, (coefficient=.137, importance=0.781), and Daily Living Skills (DLS) (coefficient=.127, importance=0.125), so HMB is the best predictor of self-control among the subsets examined in our research. Therefore, self-control is more related to the socio-emotional than cognitive domain.
Conclusion: We suggest children who get a low score in socio-emotional assessments, need early supportive intervention and rehabilitation to prevent the maldevelopment of self-control.
Gamma-Ray Attenuation Characteristics of Some Essential Amino Acids for 57Co, 192Ir, 18F, and 116mIn Sources
Authors: Bagheri Reza , Khorrami Moghaddam Alireza
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In different tissues of the body, proteins are important parts that are made up of building blocks called amino acids. Considering the wide applications of radioactive sources in industry and medicine, the need to study the attenuation characteristics of amino acids is determined.
Materials and Methods: To study the attenuation characteristics of five types of amino acids, MCNPX Monte Carlo code and XMuDat program were used. Linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half and tenth value layers, mean free path, effective atomic and electronic cross-sections, effective atomic numbers and effective electron densities were calculated. 57Co, 192Ir, 18F, and 116mIn gamma sources were considered for this study. To validate the theoretical results, the obtained values were compared with the available experimental data.
Results: The difference between the theoretical and experimental results was less than 11%. The results showed that with increasing photon energy, the linear and mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic and electronic cross-sections decreased, while the half and tenth value layers and mean free path quantities increased. Furthermore, the linear attenuation coefficients, the effective atomic and electronic cross-sections, as well as the effective atomic number values increased with increasing amino acid density, while the effective electron density behaves independently of the amino acid density.
Conclusion: The presented theoretical methods produced data similar to experimental results with fair accuracy, so by using these methods, attenuation properties of other amino acids can be obtained over a wide range of energies.
Measurement and Calculation of SAR Due to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Seif Fatemeh , Omidi Milad , Bayatiani Mohamad Reza , Ghorbani Mahdi
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The widespread use of mobile phones and Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) has generated public concern about exposure to Electromagnetic (EM) waves. In this study, the electric field intensity and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the emergency, general hospitalization, radiology, and laboratory departments of four hospitals in Arak (Iran) are reported.
Materials and Methods: Electric field strength in the 900 MHz frequency band was obtained using a TES 592 radiometer. Then, SAR induced in the brain, skin, fat and bone tissues were calculated based on equations and the obtained values were compared with the thresholds recommended by the International Commissions.
Results: The obtained results showed that the electric field’s mean value was 1.334 V/m which is almost 2.7% of the threshold introduced by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and 2.6% of the threshold adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The highest SAR value was 1.6 W/kg for the skin, which is lower than the threshold values presented by ICNIRP (2 W/kg) and IEEE (1.6 W/kg).
Conclusion: The findings of the present work show that for both quantities in Arak hospitals the SAR values are less than the thresholds announced by IEEE and ICNIRP committees. To deal with the concerns of the community that is generally caused by a lack of awareness, the executions of educational and public awareness programs are recommended.
The Relationship between Cellphone Usage and Sleep Quality among Hospital Staff
Authors: Jadidi Majid , Abadi Bozcheloei Morteza Isa , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Ziari Abbas , Paknazar Fatemeh
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Despite the two decades of using cell phones, there are still considerable controversies about the biological effects of the Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) produced by cell phones. Sleep disorder among hospital staff is an important issue for the health care system not only due to the health of its employees but also to the reduction of the staff performance quality and the increase in medical errors. This study aimed to explore factors that may affect the sleep quality of hospital staff and to examine the association between sleep quality and cell phone usage.
Materials and Methods: In this study, participants consisted of 288 employees (35.51 ± 8.42 years old) of two hospitals, and their sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index.
Results: Sixty-six percent of participants had good sleep quality and nearly 68% of the employees worked in shifts. The cell phone use among participants averaged 10.74 ± 3.03 years, and less than half of the staff stated that call durations of their cell phones were less than 5 h/day. More than 90% of the staff mentioned no use of hands-free. There were no statistically significant differences between job characteristics, sleep quality, and items related to cell phones, except the use of hands-free.
Conclusion: In our study, using hands-free during phone calls was associated with poor quality sleep. Different factors, such as decreased levels of electromagnetic fields reaching the brain, can be involved in this effect. These results must be interpreted with caution due to the low number of subjects and the limitations of our study.
Estimating Radiotherapy-Induced Secondary Cancer Risk Arising from Brain Irradiation at High Energy: A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Elmtalab Soheil , Karimi Amir Hossein , Samadi Khoshe Mehr Fardin , Zamani Hamed , Abedi Iraj , Pashaei Fakhereh
Published: December 2021

Background: The present study aims to determine the whole-body out-of-field photon dose equivalents of high-energy conventional radiation therapy treatment. Also, it is tried to estimate the probability of fatal secondary cancer risk for the susceptible organs using a Monte Carlo (MC) code.
Materials and methods: An Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX)-based model of 18-MV Medical Linear Accelerator (LINAC) was created to calculate the out-of-field photon dose equivalent at the locations of fascinating organs in the mathematical female Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry (MIRD) phantom. Then, the secondary malignancies risk was estimated based on out-of-field doses and radiation risk coefficients according to the National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP).
Results: The average photon equivalent dose in out-of-field organs was about 3.25 mSv/Gy, ranging from 0.23 to 37.2 mSv/Gy, respectively, for the organs far from the Planning Target Volume (PTV) (Eyes) and those close to the treatment field (rectum). The entire secondary cancer risk for the 60 Gy prescribed dose to isocenter was obtained as 2.9987%. Here, the maximum doses among off-field organs were related to stomach (0.0805%), lung (0.0601%), and thyroid (0.0404%).
Conclusion: Regarding the estimated values for the probability of secondary cancer risk, it is suggested to perform a long-term follow-up of brain cancer patients regarding the prevalence of thyroid, stomach, and lung cancer after completing the treatment course.
Motion Control and Analysis of Delta-type a Parallel Robot
Authors: ABUT Tayfun , SOYGÜDER Servet
Published: December 2021

Parallel robots have natural advantages for many applications thanks to their high rigidity, high accuracy, low inertia of the moving parts and lightness, etc. The goal of this study has performed motion control, the kinematical, and workspace analyses of a Delta-type parallel robot with 3 degrees of freedom (3-DOF). Delta-type parallel actual parameter values were used in the motion control and analyses. Forward and inverse kinematics analysis, as well as workspace analysis of the robot, were carried out. In addition, the motion control of the robot is actualized in Cartesian space. In order for the delta-type parallel robot to have zero oscillation and to have a robust structure against external disturbances, the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) method was preferred. As a result, the motion control, kinematics, and workspace analyses of the delta-type parallel robot were realized and examined.
Elektroporasyon İşlemi Sırasında Oluşan Hücre Ölümünde Darbe Frekansının Önemi
Authors: ALKIŞ Mehmet Eşref , ALAN Yusuf
Published: December 2021

Tersinir elektroporasyon (EP), darbeli elektrik alanlarının uygulanmasıyla hücre zarının geçirgenliğinin arttırıldığı biyofiziksel bir yöntemdir. Kanser tedavisinde, EP tümör hücrelerinde antikanser ilaçlarının alımını arttırmak, dolayısıyla sitotoksik etkilerini yükseltmek için kullanılır, ancak hücre ölümüne de yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tersinir EP uygulamasında meydana gelen hücre ölümünde darbe frekansının etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmada HepG2 karaciğer kanser hücreleri kullanıldı. Hücreler 200 Hz, 1 kHz, 5 kHz, 10 kHz ve 20 kHz frekanslarında 70-1250 V/cm elektrik alana sahip, 100μs süreli 8 kare dalga elektrik darbesine maruz bırakıldı. Elektrik maruziyetinden sonra hücre canlılığı MTT tahlili ile belirlendi. Çalışmamızın MTT bulgularına göre, EP’de uygulanan darbe frekansı arttıkça HepG2 kanser hücrelerinde inhibisyon azalmaktadır. EP uygulanan HepG2 hücrelerinde en yüksek inhibisyon, 1000 V/cm elektrik alanında ve 200 Hz'lik frekansta meydana geldi. 10 kHz ve 20 kHz frekanslarında uygulanan düşük elektrik alanlar (70 V/cm, 250 V/cm) hücre canlılığında azalmaya neden olmadı. Düşük elektrik alanlarında 1 kHz frekansına göre 5 kHz frekansından daha fazla hücre ölümü gerçekleşse de, yüksek elektrik alanlarında 1 kHz frekansında daha yüksek oranda hücre ölümü tespit edildi. Sonuçlarımız, elektroporasyonda düşük frekanslardaki darbelerin daha fazla hücre inhibisyonuna neden olabildiğini, bu yüzden yüksek frekanslı darbelerin kullanımı daha uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir.
An overview to the cytological, physiological, genetic and morphological effects of essential oils of Mentha longifolia
Authors: BOZARI Sedat , AĞAR Güleray , EFE Derya , BİNGÖL Ömer
Published: December 2021

The present study was aimed to impress the cytological, physiological, genetic, and morphological effects of the essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation from Mentha longifolia (L.) HUDSON (L.) HUDSON against maize seeds. These naturally occurred compounds can be used instead of synthetic chemicals. To determine their biological activity, the oil was applied to Zea mays L. seeds at different doses. It was observed that the germination rate and mitotic division of the root tips were decreased with the increasing of the applied doses. Genomic stability was established by RAPD and the genetic differences between doses with AFLP technique. The alterations of RAPD and AFLP profiles did not support germination rate and mitotic index results while supporting each other. To determine the effects of the volatile on gene expression, the soluble protein level, and hormone levels were measured and the changes in the protein profile were determined by SDS-PAGE analyses. The independent changes were observed at hormones, soluble protein level, and protein profiles. It was concluded that the different content of oils showed a complicated effect on maize seeds. The maize seeds showed different reactions for protection.
On the melt differentiation in the intermediate chamber (by the example of differentiated intrusives of the western slope of the Southern Urals)
Authors: Kovalev Sergey S. , Kovalev Sergey G.
Published: December 2021

The article provides materials on the analysis of the chemical composition of silicates and aluminosilicates that make up the differentiated body of the Misaelga complex, which made it possible by calculation methods to restore the thermobaric parameters of crystallization of the melt in the intermediate chamber.
The presence of high-temperature (1472 ºC) intratelluric olivine crystals characterizing the process of magma generation in the mantle and olivine crystallizing under the conditions of the intermediate chamber (1050–1183 ºC) has been established. The calculated crystallization temperature of pyroxenes indicates that they crystallized together with olivine from the bulk of the rocks, and the established variations in the P–T parameters (T = 950–1045 ºC, P = 4.0–7.4 kbar) for plagioclase and amphibole complete the quantitative characteristics of high-temperature melt crystallization processes.
It is shown that the calculated Р–Т parameters of the crystallization of the melt that formed the intrusive massif make it possible to classify its ultrabasic horizon as picrite complexes of the second type that we identified earlier.
Modeling of the crystallization process carried out using two models – according to the algorithm of H.D. Nathan and K.K. Van Kirk and the software product KOMAGMAT – made it possible to establish that the most probable mechanism for the formation of a differentiated body of the Misaelga complex was directional crystallization with gravitational deposition of olivine at the initial stages of the formation of the massif.
Is tocilizumab effective in cytokine release syndrome in patients diagnosed with COVID-19?: a retrospective preliminary study
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Gülbahar , TOPAL Serra , SAYAN Ayça , SOYLU Nuri Burkay
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Although the prognosis is good in the vast majority of patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19, there are cases in which Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure occur rapidly and result in death in a short time. It has been reported that severe clinical presentation is caused by cytokine release syndrome, and studies are currently conducted on treatments to reduce mortality in these patients. There are studies reporting the positive effects of anti-Human IL-6 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, tocilizumab (TCZ), which specifically inhibits the functions of IL-6, in cases with cytokine storm. Data on TCZ use in intensive care are very limited.
Methods: The medical records of 20 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were treated with standard treatment and TCZ in the ICU were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Twenty patients were included in the review. Nine (45%) received TCZ. The median length of stay in the ICU was 20 days in the TCZ group, and 14 days in the standard treatment group (p = 0.21). Mortality rate was 22.2% in TCZ group and 45.5% in the standard treatment group (p = 0.27).
Conclusions: At day 28, mortality rate and clinical improvement was not statistically different in patients receiving standard treatment with TCZ and patients in standard treatment group. Additional data are needed to understand the eficacy and safety of TCZ.
The difference between gender in terms of nomophobia in Turkey: a meta-analysis
Authors: AVCI Esin
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Technology unfortunately even though making our life easier, causes a lot of psychological problems when it is not used reasonably. One of them is the inability to live without a smartphone: nomophobia. This meta-analysis study considered nomophobia in Turkey in terms of gender. Methods: Using “nomophobia”, “Nomophobia Scale “, “Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)”, “NMP-Q”and “smartphone” keywords, 9 electronic bibliographic databases, reference lists of relevant studies, and searches of the internet were performed to identify articles related to the nomophobia scale. The inclusion criteria were studies that the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) utilized to Turkish people, published in English or Turkish, and report the questionnaire score by mean/standard deviation according to gender. The mean age and sample size ratio, which were thought to have an effect on heterogeneity, are analyzed by meta-regression. Results: A total of 3370 studies were located, with 10 meeting the inclusion criteria. It revealed that females are found to be more nomofobic than males according to Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Conclusions: Most of the studies discussed in this study were applied to student groups. Applying nomophobia studies to different sample groups is important in determining the prevalence of nomophobia in the population and taking precautions.
Publiczność i proksemika posiedzeń sejmowych, czyli wybrane aspekty przestrzeni społecznej parlamentarnych wystąpień posłów
Authors: Kostrzewa Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł koncentruje się na próbie zrekonstruowania przestrzeni społecznej obrad sejmowych. Dwa kluczowe wymiary tej przestrzeni, które zostały przeanalizowane, to: środowisko proksemiczne sali posiedzeń, wraz z charakterystycznymi obszarami, takimi jak centrum, peryferia, kulisy, granice oraz publiczność obrad sejmowych będąca elementem kontekstu dla wystąpień posłów. Charakterystyka wymienionych elementów ma prowadzić do próby odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób swoiste cechy przestrzeni społecznej posiedzeń Sejmu mogą wpływać na jakość debaty parlamentarnej.
Postawa ironiczna czołowych aktorów sceny politycznej
Authors: Sudra Ewelina
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza wystąpień sejmowych czołowych aktorów sceny politycznej pod względem występowania w nich postawy ironicznej, zarówno od strony werbalnej, jak i niewerbalnej. Do zbadania działań, interakcji, procesów komunikacyjnych oraz interpretacyjnych niezwykle pomocna jest analiza wizualna, czerpiąca z dorobku socjologii interpretatywnej i interakcjonistycznej (Konecki 2005: 43). Wykorzystano ją do opisu i interpretacji reakcji emocjonalnych czołowych postaci sceny politycznej ze względu na zastosowaną ironię. W tym celu wyróżniono następujące role odgrywane przez polityków na sali sejmowej: ironistów, ofiary ironii, obserwatorów ironii.
Interactive Multimedia in Inquiry Learning: Analyzing Population Dynamics for Critical Thinking
Authors: Umi Lia Kurnia , Wirayahu Yuswanti Ariani , Putra Alfyananda Kurnia
Published: December 2021

Inquiry learning is learning that requires students to be active and independent. Inquiry-based learning was developed for critical teaching and learning to students. Critical thinking skills that need to be developed in students, because it provides an understanding of a problem in a material and to be able to make decisions in everyday life. This study aimed to determine the effect of an android-based interactive multimedia-assisted inquiry learning model on students' critical thinking skills. This research is a quasi-experimental research with posttest only control group design. The research subject is SMA Brawijaya Smart School Malang, with class XI IPS 5 as the experimental class and XI IPS 6 as the control class. The instrument used is an essay test with indicators of critical thinking skills. The data analysis technique used is the independent sample t-test. The results showed that interactive multimedia-assisted inquiry learning based on Android affected essential thinking skills in the population dynamics material. This is evidenced by the average value of the experimental class with inquiry learning which has a higher value of 81,07 compared to the control class with the conventional model, which is 76,34.
How Students' Perceptions in Narrative Class (The Lord of Flies) Through Online Collaboration Learning.
Authors: Irmawati Noer Doddy , Mayasari Adhe Puspita
Published: December 2021

Mariwan Hasan (2020), suggests that Golding’s novel can be used in a second language classroom to teach democratic values such as the right to free speech using reader-response theory. Curriculum requires that democratic values be taught through each subject, suggests that students can be taught about democratic values through classroom discussions and writing assignments based on the novel (Ghazal Kazim Syed, 2020). In addition to academic learning, researchers believe that students also gain confidence through the collaboration work. When students conform each other’s opinions in activities involving group work, it makes them confident and comfortable with each other. When the teacher is not around to ask a question, they will be less at pressure. against them (Cynthia S, 2020). The practice of collaborative learning in online education is increasing steadily as many curriculum creators and online course teachers are starting to understand its positive effects on the learning of students. This study aimed to analyze students' perceptions in narrative class (The Lord of Flies) through online collaboration learningu used a qualitative research design was followed by this study. As it is a study of perceptions, a qualitative methodology using a phenomenological approach, the participants of this study were twelve the eleventh grade students, data for this article was gathered through semi-structured interviews. The researcher checked part of the coding against each other to ensure trustworthiness of data. Keeping in light the usefulness of online collaboration learning shown in this study, it is recommended that teachers should take effort to include students in literature online discussion group. Furthermore, it is recommended that similar studies should be conducted in schools and colleges. As this study is recommended for future researchers to check the adaptability of the findings in other contexts.
The Online Learning Transition: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mukti Taufiq Satria , Amalina Sharfina Nur
Published: December 2021

Corona Virus Disease 2019 is currently still volatile. Large-scale restrictions stop activities outside the home that have a broad impact on life, including the field of education. Learning activities transition into online learning at home. Changes due to this condition pose challenges as well as opportunities for students and educators. The purpose of this study is to explore information on challenges and opportunities in online learning so that the results of this study can provide policy recommendations in the implementation of learning in the following semester. This survey research was conducted by distributing questionnaires (google forms) related to the challenges and learning opportunities for the second-semester students of the 2019 batch of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang. The results obtained indicate that elements of student dissatisfaction dominate each aspect of the majority during online learning. The conclusion obtained from this research is that online learning has obstacles to be transformed into opportunities as an alternative problem solving to the stability of the quality of Education.
Strategy to Improve the Quality of Islamic Educational Institutions Through the Child-Friendly School Model Based on Adiwiyata
Authors: Suwandi Suwandi , Supriyatno Triyo
Published: December 2021

The quality of education is a pillar of human resource development which is very important for national development. The child friendly school program is one of the efforts made to improve the quality of madrasas. This research is important because so far, the quality of education has been studied only on aspects of learning related to the academic field which have an impact on certain aspects. The purpose of this study was to find out and understand the strategy in improving the quality of education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 3 Jombang through the child friendly school program based on Adiwiyata. In addition, to find out the impact or implication of the implementation of the child friendly school program on the quality of education. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The data analysis was carried out with the process of data collection, data coding, data classification, data reduction, and data exposure. The results showed that the strategy carried out included several stages, namely: Formation of the implementing team for child friendly school, Conducting program socialization, Fostering human resources (teachers and staff), Building collaboration, Fulfilling indicators for child friendly school components, Carrying out monitoring and evaluation processes, and Responsive to inputs for the improvement of the child friendly school program. The implications of the program on the quality of education are seen in three aspects, namely teachers, students and institution.
Effective Pedagogy in Primary Education: A Review of Current Literatures
Authors: Handrianto Ciptro , Jusoh Ahmad Jazimin , Nengsih Yanti Karmila , Alfurqan Alfurqan , Muslim Muslim , Tannoubi Amayra
Published: December 2021

The implementation of effective pedagogy in instructional strategies is an interesting discussion among educationists due to the rapidly transformation in educational context. The aims of this study is to identify the current literature related to effective pedagogy in primary education and highlights its categories in teaching learning situation.  The method used in this study is literature approach by reviewing 15 current journal articles in five years, from 2017 to May 2021.  The study shows that several characteristics of effective pedagogy still attract the researchers to discuss in their papers during the current five years. The fundamental characteristics of effective pedagogy frequently highlighted in primary education are: classroom management, teachers` competences, instructional strategies, valuable learning, and students` achievement. The conclusion of this study, several current literatures highlight that the effective pedagogy is the general view of teachers to specify their action to carry out the new strategies, approaches, and methods to fostering primary school pupils.
Exploring Mathematical Concepts and Philosophical Values in Jember Batik
Authors: Amalia Devita , Noviani Dwi , Djamali M. Fadil , Rofiki Imam
Published: December 2021

Ethnomathematics are different ways of doing mathematics taking into account the academic mathematical knowledge developed by different sectors of society as well as taking into account the different modes in which different cultures negotiate their mathematical practices (ways of grouping, counting, measuring, designing tools, or playing). Based on this research, this study aims to describe the results of ethnomathematics exploration in Jember batik motifs. The method of analysis used in this research was a qualitative approac with an ethnographic design. Data collection techniques were observation, documentation, and interviews. This research was conducted at Rumah Batik Rolla Jember and Rezti'z Batik Tegalsari Ambulu Jember. The research was conducted for one week. The results of this study indicate that the ethnomathematics in the Jember batik motif has a philosophical value that describes the natural wealth of Jember Regency in each of its motifs, and there are mathematical concepts in the form of geometric transformation concepts (reflection, translation, rotation, and dilation) along with the concept of number patterns.
Mapping Students' Interest in Selecting Religious Programs in Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ilmi Banjarbaru
Authors: Efendi Muhammad , Putra Siswandi Andika , Mukaramah Muniratul
Published: December 2021

Minat adalah suatu momen kecenderungan yang diarahkan secara intensif terhadap suatu objek yang dianggap penting karena selalu ada unsur efektif yang kuat (perasaan dan emosional). Minat juga menampilkan sikap yang muncul dalam diri seseorang. Selain itu, minat adalah suatu dorongan yang menimbulkan keterikatan perhatian individu terhadap objek tertentu seperti pekerjaan, pelajaran, benda, dan orang. Objek penelitian ini adalah minat siswa kelas X (Program Keagamaan) Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ilmi Banjarbaru. Sedangkan subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X (Program Keagamaan) Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ilmi Banjarbaru sebanyak 50 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemilihan program studi keagamaan di Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ilmi kelas X tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 dapat menunjang bakat siswa. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat siswa pada peminatan agama dapat dilihat dari faktor bakat dikatakan tinggi dengan rata-rata 86%, faktor prestasi dikatakan tinggi dengan rata-rata 80%, faktor cita-cita dikatakan menjadi tinggi dengan rata-rata 72%, faktor pencapaian dikatakan tinggi dengan rata-rata 72%. motivasi dikatakan tinggi dengan rata-rata 74%, faktor minat dikatakan cukup tinggi dengan rata-rata 61%, faktor lingkungan sekolah dikatakan cukup tinggi dengan rata-rata 69%, faktor lingkungan keluarga dikatakan cukup tinggi dengan rata-rata 55%, dan teman dikatakan cukup tinggi dengan rata-rata 51%.
Investigating Positive Perceptions of High School Students' Distance Learning Experiences During a Pandemic
Authors: Putikadyanto Agus Purnomo Ahmad , Zamahsari Gamal Kusuma , Violando Wiga Alif
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 has driven pedagogical transformation in the most unexpected and sudden way in education history. Students must switch from face-to-face to distance learning. Trough quantitative research model, this study aims to describe high school students' perceptions of distance learning. Samples were collected from school which might prepare their students for distance learning. Using a questionnaire data collection technique, a sample of 70 high school students received 40 questions derived from three perceptual indicators, namely absorption, understanding, and assessment. The results of this study's absorption, understanding, and assessment indicator scores which were higher than the median indicated that students' perceptions of distance learning were typically positive. This occurs as a result of collaboration between students, teachers, and school staff to accomplish effective distance learning.
PROBLEMS ON INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ PARAGRAPHS: A CASE STUDY AT UIN MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
Authors: Nurul Yaqin Mohamad Zubad
Published: December 2021

Ideas within student’s scientific works must meet scientific conditions, one of which is written in a good and correct paragraph. Ironically, international students at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang still make some mistakes upon writing papers even though they have been equipped with Indonesian language competence since the first semester. The current study aims to identify the problems on international students’ paragraphs, to find their factors, and to spot alternative solutions. It employed a qualitative approach with a text analysis or discourse analysis. The data were the in the form of linguistic practices within students’ papers. They were collected, classified, and analyzed according to the research focus. Three kinds of issues were found in the papers of international students at UIN Maliki Malang: not meeting the elements of cohesion and coherence, incomplete paragraph development, and unsequential paragraph development. Each form of the error supported one another
(RE)-INTERPRETATION OF THE PAER SPACE CONCEPT AN ENVIRONMENTAL PATTERN APPROACH THROUGH A MULTILEVEL
Authors: Ovan Taufan Hidjaz
Published: December 2021

Lombok is called the Island of Thousand Mosques. Its inhabitants from the Sasak ethnic group are Muslim, who have the concept of the Paer space. It is a place of the existential transience of life, and the center is a mosque. The Paer space is implemented to have a hierarchy from a family cluster environment called paer bale langgak, paer dusun, paer village, and paer cardinal area, which function as the places for worship and culture to spend their remaining time towards an eternal time in the afterlife. This study identifies how religious, social, and cultural activities in the Paer space are centered on the mosque's architecture and interprets the patterns of the community behavior that influence each other in it. The concept of Paer or temporary existential space is then reinterpreted using descriptive-analytical-qualitative methods to obtain a schematic environmental pattern that can be developed adaptively in Muslim communities with mosque as the center of orientation for worship and cultural activities.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF RESIDENTIAL SPATIAL AND FORM IN KAUMAN VILLAGE YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Setiadi Amos , Depari C. Dwi Astuti
Published: December 2021

Kauman village becomes a symbol of the Javanese philosophy and the Islamic ideology on which the local society orient their faith. This research aims to find the residential transformation factors and form in Kauman village in Yogyakarta and the characteristic of each object to conserve Kauman village as a constituent element that defines Yogyakarta City's identity. This research method is qualitative – descriptive research using a synchronic approach to present synthetic results from each object and detailed object characteristics conducted in a certain period. All data are collected by doing observation and interviewing second parties. The discussion led to the residential spatial change as an adaptation form of Batik skipper's and Ketib's residence in Kauman village of Yogyakarta. It can be concluded that the identity of the residents as a part of a modern community is gradually more dominant than the desire to reveal their identity as a part of a traditional Javanese community. Nevertheless, Batik skipper's residences retain Javanese architecture and Indische architecture characteristics as a symbol of the social status of the Batik Skipper and Ketib; The space for religious activities is no longer available in Batik skipper's residence. On the contrary, it is available in Ketib's home, where the residents still retain the function of langgar, which is located in the highest privacy zone.
DESIGN FRAMEWORK FOR ABLUTION SPACES OF ICONIC MOSQUES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Utaberta Nangkula , Shakir Hayder Jawwad
Published: December 2021

Mosques are places where Muslims perform prayers and other social activities. Those are built as a place for humans to worship the Almighty Allah at all times, as well as to provide an environment that responds to the needs of devotees and educates the future generation by the Quranic verses and the Prophet's teachings. Derived from the Holy Quran and the Prophet, purity is compulsory at all times for Muslims, and has many meanings that are applicable during prayers and the day. The ablution room is integrated into all mosque designs because it is an unseparated element. However, Malaysian mosques have been questioned in their application of some Islamic regulations to uniform a hygienically clean space that can respond the needs of Muslims. The design of the ablution rooms in Malaysian mosques is encountering a serious issue regarding the spaces' cleanliness. Although the ablution room has been designed to respond the Muslim's need to conduct the ablution practice and to cleanse a person spiritually and physically, several problems related to its design aspects were revealed. This research investigates the cleanliness of the Malaysian ablution space. It examines how the design aspects of the ablution rooms of the Iconic Malaysian Mosques impact the area's cleanliness and its users. Five case studies were selected for this study. Three methods of study were utilized: physical observation, architectural drawing analysis, and interviews. Aspects of design form, ventilation, cleaning status, and user experience were discussed. This research suggested that the larger mosques in Malaysia were suffering from serious hygiene issues that resulted from many aspects, including poor design, ventilation systems, and users' abuse. The research suggested some design guidelines for future and existing ablution areas that will improve the cleanliness.
REPETITIVE ELEMENTS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES IN ANCIENT AND CONTEMPORARY MOSQUES
Authors: Gurjia Aesha Adnan , Dhannoon Ahmed Abdulwahid
Published: December 2021

Mosques are the most important buildings in Islamic architectures. They represent the place of worship for Muslims. Like other architectural buildings, they consist of components and repeated elements forming their general structures. However, some of these formal elements have changed due to the mosque development and the contemporary trends. Therefore, this research was conducted to discover the repetitive use of the elements and the differences between ancient and contemporary mosques by studying ten samples of mosques. It showed the difference between these two periods in terms of element repetition and utilization. Moreover, it tried to find the related objectives of repetitive use within these two periods. It concluded that some elements from the ancient period were used repetitively in the contemporary mosques. Based on the analysis findings, the design objective is achieved by the repetitive use in both periods. Furthermore, the repetitive use of the elements as structural objective takes second place in ancient mosques. Meanwhile, the environmental objective is second to achieve in contemporary mosques.