bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anchugov & Gladkov v. Russia
Authors: Abashidze A.Kh. , Ilyashevich M.V. , Solntsev A.M.
Published: September 2017

On April 19, 2016, in The Case Concerning the Resolution of the Question of the Possibility to Execute in Accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation the Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 4 July 2013 in the Case of Anchugov and Gladkov v. Russia in Connection with the Request of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (Anchugov & Gladkov (Russ.)), the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (Constitutional Court) held that decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) are binding on Russian courts, in accordance with Article 15(4) of the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the Constitutional Court stressed the necessity of ensuring a reasonable balance between the obligation to implement ECtHR judgments and respect for the fundamental principles of the Russian Federation's constitutional system. The Constitutional Court found that because the ECtHR judgment in question implicitly conflicted with provisions of the Russian Constitution, Russian courts are not obliged to comply with the judgment regarding issues that remain in conflict; however, other means are available to the Russian legislature to give effect to the judgment. While the decision marks an important development in Russia's relationship with the European system of human rights, it is not inconsistent with the approach taken by a substantial number of European domestic courts in holding that treaty obligations to enforce decisions of international courts cannot justify violating domestic constitutional norms.
STANDARD BEARERS
Authors: Sosa David
Published: September 2017

In both ethics and epistemology an important question is whether justification is a fully internal or a partly external matter. In view of analogies between relevant considerations in each area, I recommend distinguishing, as basic and independentsubjectsof normative status, (i) agents and (ii) what they do. Evaluations of subjects, on one hand, and of their beliefs and actions, on the other, are less intimately related than is presupposed. This helps resolve internalism/externalism controversies in both domains. An important related advantage of the distinction is its effect on our understanding of normative luck, both moral and epistemic.
Phase transitions in long-range Ising models and an optimal condition for factors of -measures
Authors: JOHANSSON ANDERS , ÖBERG ANDERS , POLLICOTT MARK
Published: September 2017

We weaken the assumption of summable variations in a paper by Verbitskiy [On factors of $g$-measures. Indag. Math. (N.S.)22 (2011), 315–329] to a weaker condition, Berbee’s condition, in order for a one-block factor (a single-site renormalization) of the full shift space on finitely many symbols to have a $g$-measure with a continuous $g$-function. But we also prove by means of a counterexample that this condition is (within constants) optimal. The counterexample is based on the second of our main results, where we prove that there is a critical inverse temperature in a one-sided long-range Ising model which is at most eight times the critical inverse temperature for the (two-sided) Ising model with long-range interactions.
Local and doubly empirical convergence and the entropy of algebraic actions of sofic groups
Authors: HAYES BEN
Published: September 2017

Let$G$be a sofic group and$X$a compact group with$G\curvearrowright X$by automorphisms. Using (and reformulating) the notion of local and doubly empirical convergence developed by Austin, we show that in many cases the topological and the measure-theoretic entropy with respect to the Haar measure of$G\curvearrowright X$agree. Our method of proof recovers all known examples. Moreover, the proofs are direct and do not go through explicitly computing the measure-theoretic or topological entropy.
The nutritional quality of New Zealand breakfast cereals: an update
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Hill Shaunie , Mearns Gael
Published: September 2017

Objective

To compare the nutritional quality of New Zealand breakfast cereals in 2013 and 2017.

Design

Nutrition Information Panel data were collected from all cereals available from two large supermarket chains in 2017 and compared with earlier published data collected in 2013.

Setting

Urban New Zealand supermarkets.

Subjects

The nutritional content of breakfast cereals (‘biscuits and bites’, ‘brans’, ‘bubbles, flakes and puffs’, ‘children’s cereals’, ‘muesli’ and ‘oats’) was analysed for total energy, protein, fat (total and saturated), carbohydrate, sugar, fibre and Na. The Nutrient Profile Scoring Criterion (NPSC) for each cereal was calculated to determine the proportion of ‘less healthy’ cereals (NPSC≥4) in each product category.

Results

The energy and fat content of bubbles, flakes and puffs, muesli and oats were significantly higher in 2017 compared with 2013 (all P≤0·01). However, there was a small reduction in Na overall in 2017 (P<0·05). There was no change between 2013 and 2017 in the proportion of ‘healthy’ or ‘less healthy’ breakfast cereals available.

Conclusions

The nutrient profile of breakfast cereals has not improved since 2013, suggesting that industry self-regulation of the nutritional composition of cereals in New Zealand is not working and needs urgent reconsideration.
Changes in consumption of food away from home and intakes of energy and other nutrients among US working-age adults, 2005–2014
Authors: Todd Jessica E
Published: September 2017

Objective

To document changes in consumption of food away from home (FAFH) and intakes of selected nutrients by working-age adults between 2005–06 and 2013–14, covering the most recent recessionary period and recovery.

Design

Means were compared across survey rounds relative to 2005–06. Multivariate regression was used to account for changes in demographic characteristics over time.

Setting

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2014.

Subjects

Working-age adults born in 1951–80 (n12 129) and adolescents and young adults born in 1981–90 (n5197) who reported day 1 dietary intake data.

Results

Approximately 34 % of energy consumed by working-age adults came from FAFH (14 % from fast foods) in 2005–06. Levels of FAFH consumption were lowest in 2009–10, at 28 and 11 % of energy from FAFH and fast foods, respectively. Percentage of energy from fast foods was 1·9 percentage points higher in 2013–14. Percentage of energy from saturated fat and total mg of cholesterol consumed were lower in 2009–14, while intake of fibre was higher in 2011–14. At-home foods had less saturated fat and more fibre in 2009–14. The greater the percentage of energy from FAFH in the day, the greater the intakes of fat and cholesterol. Percentage of energy from FAFH was highest among those born in 1981–90 and lowest among those born in 1951–60.

Conclusions

FAFH is a significant source of energy, fat and cholesterol among working-age adults. Menu labelling may lower FAFH’s energy content and make it easier for consumers to choose more healthful items.
LGR5 promotes cancer stem cell traits and chemoresistance in cervical cancer
Authors: Cao Hao-Zhe , Liu Xiao-Fang , Yang Wen-Ting , Chen Qing , Zheng Peng-Sheng
Published: September 2017

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, contribute to tumorigenesis, resistance to chemoradiotherapy and recurrence in human cancers, suggesting targeting CSCs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has recently been found to be a bona fide marker of colorectal CSCs. Our previous study showed that LGR5 functions as a tumor promoter in cervical cancer by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, very little is known about the function or contribution of LGR5 to cervical CSCs. Here, we have modulated the expression of LGR5 using an overexpression vector or short hairpin RNA in cervical cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that elevated LGR5 expression in cervical cancer cells increased tumorsphere-forming efficiency; conferred chemoresistance to cisplatin treatment; augmented cell migration, invasion and clonogenicity; and elevated the levels of stem cell-related transcription factors in vitro. Furthermore, modulated LGR5+ cells, unlike LGR5− cells, were highly tumorigenic in vivo. In addition, the modulated LGR5+ cells could give rise to both LGR5+ and LGR5− cells in vitro and in vivo, thereby establishing a cellular hierarchy. Finally, we found that the increased tumorsphere-forming efficiency induced by LGR5 could be regulated through the inhibition or activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cervical cancer cells. Taken together, these results indicate that LGR5 has a vital oncogenic role by promoting cervical CSC traits and may represent a potential clinical target.
Role of NF‐κB/GATA3 in the inhibition of lysyl oxidase by IL‐1β in human amnion fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Chuyue , Wang Wangsheng , Liu Chao , Lu Jiangwen , Sun Kang
Published: September 2017

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROMs) account for one‐third of preterm births, a leading cause of neonatal death. Understanding the mechanism of membrane rupture is thus of clinical significance in the prevention of preterm birth. Parturition at both term and preterm is associated with increased abundance of proinflammatory cytokines in the fetal membranes regardless of the presence of infection, which is believed to induce rupture of membranes through activation of the matrix metalloproteinases. It remains unknown whether there are any alternative mechanisms underpinning proinflammatory cytokine‐induced rupture of membranes. Here we showed that there were reciprocal increases in interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and decreases in lysyl oxidase (LOX), a collagen crosslinking enzyme, in the human amnion tissue following spontaneous rupture of membrane at term and pPROM. Studies using human amnion tissue explants revealed that IL‐1β inhibited the expression of LOX, which can be reproduced in cultured human amnion fibroblasts. Mechanistic study revealed that IL‐1β inhibited LOX expression through activation of p38 and Erk1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, which resulted in the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor kappa light‐chain enhancer of activated B (NF‐κB) cell subunit p65 as well as GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). Subsequently, activated NF‐κB interacted with GATA3 at the NF‐κB binding site of LOX promoter to inhibit its expression. Conclusively, this study has revealed an alternative mechanism that IL‐1β may contribute to the rupture of membranes by attenuating collagen crosslinking through downregulation of LOX expression in amnion fibroblasts.
MicroRNA-196b inhibits late apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting CADM1
Authors: Wang Hong-Ling , Zhou Rui , Liu Jing , Chang Ying , Liu Shi , Wang Xiao-Bing , Huang Mei-Fang , Zhao Qiu
Published: September 2017

Pancreatic cancer (PC), as the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, is one of the deadliest tumors with a very low 5-year survival rate. Therefore, it is urgent to seek new biomarkers of PC for more accurate and reliable treatments. To identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEM) in PC tissues, we performed the systematic microarray and qRT-PCR analyses. We found miR-196b was the top dysregulated DEM in PC tissues as compared with the corresponding adjacent tissues, and positively correlated with poor differentiation, tumor size, lymphatic invasion and TNM stage. Furthermore, the late apoptosis rate was significantly reduced, while the cell proliferation was increased in PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cell-lines after treatment with miR-196b mimics. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the level of CADM1 in PANC-1 cells response to the alteration of miR-196b. Moreover, blockade of CADM1 could decrease the late apoptosis in PANC-1 cells as up-regulated by inhibition of miR-196b. Finally, luciferase report assay confirmed that CADM1 was the direct target gene of miR-196b. Overexpression of miR-196b in PC tissues can increase the late apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting CADM1. These findings suggested miR-196b is a potential target for diagnosis and therapeutics of human pancreatic cancer.
The halogen bonding proclivity of the ortho-methoxy–hydroxy group in cocrystals of o-vanillin imines and diiodotetrafluoro-benzenes
Authors: Zbačnik Marija , Pajski Matea , Stilinović Vladimir , Vitković Matea , Cinčić Dominik
Published: September 2017

Novel halogen bondedo-hydroxy imine cocrystals with 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene have been synthesized. We present an insight into the halogen bond acceptor potential of theortho-methoxy–hydroxy group of theo-vanillin moiety.
Acceleration of diffusion in ethylammonium nitrate ionic liquid confined between parallel glass plates
Authors: Filippov Andrei , Gnezdilov Oleg I. , Hjalmarsson Nicklas , Antzutkin Oleg N. , Glavatskih Sergei , Furó István , Rutland Mark W.
Published: September 2017

Ethylammonium nitrate confined between polar glass plates diffuses faster by a factor of 2 as compared to bulk values.
Cooperative hydrogen bonds form a pseudocycle stabilizing an isolated complex of isocyanic acid with urea
Authors: Mullaney John C. , Medcraft Chris , Tew David P. , Lewis-Borrell Luke , Golding Bernard T. , Walker Nicholas R. , Legon Anthony C.
Published: September 2017

The structure and properties of a gas phase complex formed between urea and isocyanic acid are characterised through microwave spectroscopy andab initiocalculations at the CCSD(T)(F12*)/aug-cc-pVTZ level.
Ultrafast dynamics of hemin aggregates
Authors: Nath Arpita , Dharmadhikari J. A. , Dharmadhikari A. K. , Mathur D. , Mazumdar S.
Published: September 2017

The effects of solvents on the conformation of hemin leading to ultrafast libration process have been probed using the time-resolved optical Kerr effect (OKE) with 35 fs laser pulses (at a central wavelength of 800 nm).
Quantum-state-selected integral cross sections for the charge transfer collision of O2+(a4Πu5/2,3/2,1/2,−1/2: v+= 1–2; J+) [O2+(X2Πg3/2,1/2: v+= 22–23; J+)] + Ar at center-of-mass collision energies of 0.05–10.00 eV
Authors: Xiong Bo , Chang Yih-Chung , Ng Cheuk-Yiu
Published: September 2017

Study of spin–orbit and rovibronically selected ion-molecule reactions between O2+(a4Πu,ν+= 1–2; X2Πg,ν+= 22–23) and Ar.
On the interfacial charge transfer between solid and liquid Li+ electrolytes
Authors: Schleutker Marco , Bahner Jochen , Tsai Chih-Long , Stolten Detlef , Korte Carsten
Published: September 2017

The Li+ ion transfer between a solid and a liquid Li+ electrolyte has been investigated by DC polarisation techniques.
A mussel-inspired hybrid copolymer adhered to chitosan-coated micro-sized carbon fiber aerogels for highly efficient nanoparticle scavenging
Authors: Liu Rui-Lin , Mao Shuai , Wang Yan , Wang Lu , Ge Yan-Hui , Xu Xin-Ya , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2017

A hybrid PDA/PEI copolymer grafted onto chitosan-coated micrometer-sized carbon fiber aerogels was successfully fabricated by a layer-by-layer assembled strategy and was then used for enhanced removal of Ag and Au nanoparticles from water.
Efficient and selective removal of radioactive iodine anions using engineered nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Mushtaq Sajid , Yun Seong-Jae , Yang Jung Eun , Jeong Sun-Wook , Shim Ha Eun , Choi Mi Hee , Park Sang Hyun , Choi Yong Jun , Jeon Jongho
Published: September 2017

A hybrid membrane consisting of gold nanoparticles immobilized on cellulose acetate has been developed for the selective removal of radioactive iodine from various aqueous media.
Determination of cadmium in cosmetics from Kermanshah, Iran by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Ahmadi-Jouibari Toraj , Fattahi Nazir , Mirzaei Nezam , Sharafi Kiomars , Reza Ghafari Hamid
Published: September 2017

Continuous sample drop flow-based microextraction (CSDF-ME) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been developed as a high-performance preconcentration technique for the determination of cadmium in cosmetic samples.
Magnetic nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for magnetically aided drug delivery and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sharma Shalini , Sethi Komal , Roy Indrajit
Published: September 2017

Dual drug doping of magnetic nanoscale metal–organic frameworks facilitates magnetically directed chemotherapy and light activated therapy.
Nickel-catalyzed reductive defunctionalization of esters and amides to aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Mondal Manoj , Bharali Pankaj
Published: September 2017

In two recent studies, nickel has been used in the removal of ester and amide groups to afford aromatic hydrocarbons via one-pot reductive activation followed by tandem C–CO bond cleavage–decarbonylation. Isolation and characterization of key intermediates provide insight into this acyl C–O bond activation pathway.
General promoting effect of polydopamine on supported noble metal catalysts
Authors: Zhang Mingwei , Li Guozhu , Sun Xiaoqing , Jiang Yujiao , Zhang Xiangwen
Published: September 2017

A joint experimental–theoretical study has been conducted to investigate the role of polydopamine as an interface facilitator for supported noble metal catalysts.
Selective electroreduction of CO2 to formate on 3D [100] Pb dendrites with nanometer-sized needle-like tips
Authors: Fan Mengyang , Garbarino Sébastien , Botton Gianluigi A. , Tavares Ana C. , Guay Daniel
Published: September 2017

Honeycomb porous Pb films with a dendrite-like secondary structure growing along the [100]-axis were prepared by Dynamic Hydrogen Bubble Templating (DHBT) and used for the electroreduction of CO2.
Ex situ XAS investigation of effect of binders on electrochemical performance of Li2Fe(SO4)2 cathode
Authors: Muthiah Aravind , Baikie Tom , Shukla Shashwat , Ball Sarah , Copley Mark , Hyde Timothy I. , Du Yonghua , Sankar Gopinathan , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Srinivasan Madhavi
Published: September 2017

With the objective of moving towards the commercialisation of Fe-based high voltage cathode Li2Fe(SO4)2, the effect of fluorinated binder (polyvinylidene fluoride – PVDF) and non-fluorinated binder (polyacrylonitrile – PAN) was evaluated.
Shaping control strategies for active power filters
Authors: Ketzer Marcos B. , Jacobina Cursino B. , Lima Antonio M.N.
Published: September 2017

This study presents a general control strategy for active power filters derived from the current‐shaping principle previously employed in shunt active filters. The generalisation introduced here and denoted as voltage–current shaping control, exploits the symmetry between the possible wave‐shaping solutions, and can be applied to shunt, series, and more complex networks of active filters. Moreover, the proposed generalisation allows the synthesis of specific control schemes with a reduced number of sensors. The relevant properties of the proposed schemes in the application of harmonic mitigation are determined. Further, a discussion of the integration of multiple quasi‐resonant schemes is presented. Using this approach, it is possible to fine‐tune the mitigation of specific components in the harmonic profile from the voltages or currents in the circuit. Experimental results obtained from using a 1 kVA prototype are presented to support the proposed generalisation.
The implications of the surprising existence of a large, massive CO disk in a distant protocluster
Authors: Dannerbauer H. , Lehnert M. D. , Emonts B. , Ziegler B. , Altieri B. , De Breuck C. , Hatch N. , Kodama T. , Koyama Y. , Kurk J. D. , Matiz T. , Miley G. , Narayanan D. , Norris R. P. , Overzier R. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Sargent M. , Seymour N. , Tanaka M. , Valtchanov I. , Wylezalek D.
Published: September 2017

It is not yet known if the properties of molecular gas in distant protocluster galaxies are significantly affected by their environment as galaxies are in local clusters. Through a deep, 64 h of effective on-source integration with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we discovered a massive,Mmol= 2.0 ± 0.2× 1011M⊙, extended, ~40 kpc, CO(1–0)-emitting disk in the protocluster surrounding the radio galaxy, MRC 1138−262. The galaxy, atzCO= 2.1478, is a clumpy, massive disk galaxy,M∗~ 5 × 1011M⊙, which lies 250 kpc in projection from MRC 1138−262 and is a known Hαemitter, named HAE229. This source has a molecular gas fraction of ~30%. The CO emission has a kinematic gradient along its major axis, centered on the highest surface brightness rest-frame optical emission, consistent with HAE229 being a rotating disk. Surprisingly, a significant fraction of the CO emission lies outside of the UV/optical emission. In spite of this, HAE229 follows the same relation between star-formation rate and molecular gas mass as normal field galaxies. HAE229 is the first CO(1–0) detection of an ordinary, star-forming galaxy in a protocluster. We compare a sample of cluster members atz> 0.4 thatare detected in low-order CO transitions, with a similar sample of sources drawn from the field. We confirm findings that the CO-luminosity and full-width at half maximum are correlated in starbursts and show that this relation is valid for normal high-zgalaxies as well as for those in overdensities. We do not find a clear dichotomy in the integrated Schmidt-Kennicutt relation for protocluster and field galaxies. Our results suggest that environment does not have an impact on the “star-formation efficiency” or the molecular gas content of high-redshift galaxies. Not finding any environmental dependence in these characteristics, especially for such an extended CO disk, suggests that environmentally-specific processes such as ram pressure stripping do not operate efficiently in (proto)clusters.
Trinkwasserhygiene: Prävention vor Schadensbehebung
Authors: Dülk Günter
Published: September 2017

Im Vergleich zu manuellen Spülplänen bieten Lösungen mit intelligenter Freispül-Automatik im Gesundheitswesen einen enormen Vorteil für die Trinkwasserhygiene und die Patientensicherheit. Betreiber profitieren zudem von Kosteneinsparungen im laufenden Betrieb.
Plastische Rekonstruktion einfacher und komplexer Nasendefekte
Authors: Sadick Haneen , Gassner Holger G.
Published: September 2017

Während einfache Defekte auch durch freie Hauttransplantate oder lokale Lappenplastiken rekonstruiert werden können, stellen komplexe
dreischichtige Defekte eine Herausforderung für den rekonstruktiv tätigen Chirurgen dar. Diese bezieht sich in erster Linie auf eine
suffiziente Wiederherstellung der inneren Nasenauskleidung, ohne die physiologischen Funktionen der Nasenschleimhaut zu kompromittieren. Die
Autoren gehen auf verschiedene Rekonstruktionstechniken zur Wiederherstellung der inneren Nasenauskleidung ein. Eine besondere Bedeutung
kommt hier dem epithelialen Kipplappen und dem kürzlich erst beschriebenen prälaminierten Stirnhautlappen bei (sub)totalen Nasendefekten zu.
Beide haben sich in der Wiederherstellung der inneren Nasenauskleidung als sehr wertvolle und schleimhautschonende Alternativen zu
herkömmlichen intranasalen Schleimhautlappen bewährt.
Photonic thermal diode based on superconductors
Authors: Ordonez-Miranda Jose , Joulain Karl , De Sousa Meneses Domingos , Ezzahri Younès , Drevillon Jérémie
Published: September 2017

A photonic thermal diode capitalizing on the strong contrast of Nb permittivity around its critical temperature separating its normal and superconducting states is proposed and analyzed in both the near- and far-fields. For a diode with terminals made of Nb and SiO2 and operating at temperatures 1 K and 8.7 K, the rectification factor is maximized to 71%, which occurs for the terminal separation distance of 59.9 μm and is among the highest values reported in the literature. For other terminal temperatures, the diode rectification factor takes smaller values, but can still be optimized with a different distance in the transition zone between the near and far fields driven by coherent effects. The rectification factor of the proposed diode can potentially be useful for the development of cryogenic radiative insulation and thermal logical gates.
Exchange coupling of a perpendicular ferromagnet to a half-metallic compensated ferrimagnet via a thin hafnium interlayer
Authors: Borisov Kiril , Atcheson Gwenaël , D'Arcy Gavin , Lau Yong-Chang , Coey J. M. D. , Rode Karsten
Published: September 2017

A thin Hafnium film is shown to act both as an effective diffusion barrier for manganese at a thickness of 0.7 nm and as an effective exchange coupling layer in a sandwich structure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The two magnetic layers are Co20Fe60B20 and the low moment ferrimagnet Mn2RuxGa (MRG). The relative orientation of the magnetic layers changes sign at the compensation temperature of MRG. The exchange energy reaches 0.11 mJ m−2 for the thinnest Hf interlayers. Ruthenium, the usual metal of choice for coupling ferromagnetic layers in thin film heterostructures, cannot be used with the zero-moment half metal MRG because of Ru interdiffusion. Due to its large coercivity near compensation, the MRG can potentially act as an effective source of exchange pinning.
Toward the analogue of a thermally generated electromagnetic field
Authors: Osano Bob , Adams Patrick W. M.
Published: September 2017

The evolution equations for magnetic and vorticity fields are known to display the same pattern when dissipation and sources terms are neglected. We investigate the analogy between the two fields for non-vanishing dissipation and sources. In addition to the magnetic Reynolds (ReM) and Prandtl (PrM) numbers, we define a new number (SM) that is given by the ratio of the diffusive term to the Biermann battery term and which allows for a different classification of magnetized fluid behavior. Numerical simulations of the two fields are then carried out given a parameter space made of Reynolds, Prandtl, and source numbers. We find it appropriate to present and discuss the findings against Prandtl numbers given that these provide the link between viscous and magnetic diffusion. Our simulations indicate that there exists a range of Prandtl numbers for which the fields remain analogues which raises the important question of how far the analogy goes and also raises the prospect of a theory of analogue magnetism.
Efficiently alternating current driven tandem organic light-emitting devices with (Ag/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)n interconnecting layers
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Liu Shihao , Zhang Yaqian , Peng Xiaomei , Yin Maojun , Zhang Letian , Xie Wenfa
Published: September 2017

Alternating current (AC) driven tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) in which an invert unit is connected to a normal unit with [Ag/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen)]n interconnecting layers (ILs) are demonstrated. The current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics of different devices with or without ILs demonstrated that (Ag/Bphen)n ILs possess excellent charge generation and electron injection abilities. Thus, (Ag/Bphen)n ILs could offer sufficient electrons for two units to realize radiation-recombination under AC bias. Efficient AC-driven OLEDs in which the color and brightness can be tuned independently by changing the AC bias are achieved.
Molecular mechanism of substrate recognition and transport by the AtSWEET13 sugar transporter
Authors: Han Lei , Zhu Yongping , Liu Min , Zhou Ye , Lu Guangyuan , Lan Lan , Wang Xianping , Zhao Yongfang , Zhang Xuejun C.
Published: September 2017

Significance

The Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) family of sugar transporters can discriminate and transport mono- and disaccharides. Using X-ray crystallography methods, we determined the structure of AtSWEET13 from
Arabidopsis thaliana
complexed with a substrate analog 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-monophosphate. Based on the structural study and in-cell transport activity analysis, key amino acid residues important for substrate recognition and selectivity were identified. A mechanism for substrate selectivity based on the size of the central cavity is proposed.
Drusen in patient-derived hiPSC-RPE models of macular dystrophies
Authors: Galloway Chad A. , Dalvi Sonal , Hung Sandy S. C. , MacDonald Leslie A. , Latchney Lisa R. , Wong Raymond C. B. , Guymer Robyn H. , Mackey David A. , Williams David S. , Chung Mina M. , Gamm David M. , Pébay Alice , Hewitt Alex W. , Singh Ruchira
Published: September 2017

Significance

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related macular dystrophies (MDs) are a major cause of vision loss. However, pharmacological treatments in these diseases are limited due to the lack of knowledge of underlying disease mechanisms, partly because appropriate human models to study AMD and related MDs are lacking. Furthermore, in the living human eye, the entire retina acts as a functional unit, making it difficult to investigate the specific contribution of a particular retinal cell type in the disease. Here, we established human models of multiple MDs, which demonstrated similar molecular and phenotypic manifestations within these diseases. Furthermore, we showed that dysfunction of an individual cell type, retinal pigment epithelium cells in the retina, is sufficient for the development of key pathological features in these MDs.
MTBP, the partner of Treslin, contains a novel DNA-binding domain that is essential for proper initiation of DNA replication
Authors: Kumagai Akiko , Dunphy William G.
Published: September 2017

Treslin, which is essential for incorporation of Cdc45 into the replicative helicase, possesses a partner called MTBP (Mdm2-binding protein). We have analyzed Xenopus and human MTBP to assess its role in DNA replication. Depletion of MTBP from Xenopus egg extracts, which also removes Treslin, abolishes DNA replication. These extracts be can rescued with recombinant Treslin-MTBP but not Treslin or MTBP alone. Thus, Treslin-MTBP is collectively necessary for replication. We have identified a C-terminal region of MTBP (the CTM domain) that binds efficiently to both double-stranded DNA and G-quadruplex (G4) DNA. This domain also exhibits homology with budding yeast Sld7. Mutants of MTBP without a functional CTM domain are defective for DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts. These mutants display an impaired localization to chromatin and the inability to support loading of Cdc45. Human cells harboring such a mutant also display severe S-phase defects. Thus, the CTM domain of MTBP plays a critical role in localizing Treslin-MTBP to the replication apparatus for initiation.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Levels of Human Spinal Tissues
Authors: Harris Liam , Vangsness C. Thomas
Published: September 2017

Study Design.

Systematic review.

Objective.

The aim of this study was to investigate, quantify, compare, and compile the various mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) tissue sources within human spinal tissues to act as a compendium for clinical and research application.

Summary of Background Data.

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in academic and clinical understanding of human MSCs. Previously limited to cells isolated from bone marrow, the past decade has illicited the characterization and isolation of human MSCs from adipose, bone marrow, synovium, muscle, periosteum, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, placenta, and numerous other tissues. As researchers explore practical applications of cells in these tissues, the absolute levels of MSCs in specific spinal tissue will be critical to guide future research.

Methods.

The PubMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles relating to the harvest, characterization, isolation, and quantification of human MSCs from spinal tissues. Selected articles were examined for relevant data, categorized according to type of spinal tissue, and when possible, standardized to facilitate comparisons between sites.

Results.

Human MSC levels varied widely between spinal tissues. Yields for intervertebral disc demonstrated roughly 5% of viable cells to be positive for MSC surface markers. Cartilage endplate cells yielded 18,500 to 61,875 cells/0.8 mm thick sample of cartilage end plate. Ligamentum flavum yielded 250,000 to 500,000 cells/g of tissue. Annulus fibrosus fluorescence activated cell sorting treatment found 29% of cells positive for MSC marker Stro-1. Nucleus pulposus yielded mean tissue samples of 40,584 to 234,137 MSCs per gram of tissue.

Conclusion.

Numerous tissues within and surrounding the spine represent a consistent and reliable source for the harvest and isolation of human MSCs. Among the tissues of the spine, the annulus fibrosus and ligamentum flavum each offer considerable levels of MSCs, and may prove comparable to that of bone marrow.

Level of Evidence: 5
Put away your microscopes: the ependymoma molecular era has begun
Authors: Mack Stephen C. , Taylor Michael D.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review

To synthesize, integrate, and comment on recent research developments to our understanding of the molecular basis of ependymoma (EPN), and to place this in context with current treatment and research efforts.

Recent findings

Our recent understanding of the histologically defined molecular entity EPN has rapidly advanced through genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic profiling studies.

These advancements lay the groundwork for development of future EPN biomarkers, models, and therapeutics. Our review discusses these discoveries and their impact on our clinical understanding of this disease. Lastly, we offer insight into clinical and research areas requiring further validation, and open questions remaining in the field.
Bowel Preparations Administered the Morning of Colonoscopy Provide Similar Efficacy to a Split Dose Regimen
Authors: Avalos Danny J. , Castro Fernando J. , Zuckerman Marc J. , Keihanian Tara , Berry Andrew C. , Nutter Benjamin , Sussman Daniel A.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Comparative efficacy of same-day bowel preparations for colonoscopy remains unclear.

Aims:

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of same-day versus split dose bowel preparations for colonoscopy.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Registry, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and CINAHL. Studies were gathered using keywords: “morning preparation”, “morning bowel preparation”, “same day bowel preparation”, and “colonoscopy.” Pooled estimates of bowel preparation quality were analyzed among studies with categorical and continuous outcomes according to relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD). A random effects model was chosen a priori for all analyses.

Results:

A total of 1216 studies were retrieved with 15 trials meeting inclusion criteria. The categorical outcome of high quality bowel preparation for any same-day bowel preparation versus any split preparation was no different with a RR 0.95 [0.90;1.00] (P=0.62). Adenoma detection rate (ADR) was not different between groups, RR 0.97 [0.79;1.20] (P=0.81). Willingness to repeat and tolerability did not differ (RR 1.14 [0.96,1.36] (P=0.14) and RR 1.00 [0.96;1.04] (P=0.98), respectively. Adverse events were similar except for bloating, which was less frequent among the same-day preparation group, RR 0.68 [0.40;0.94] (P=0.02).

Conclusion:

No clinically significant differences were noted among recipients of same day or split dose regimens. Adenoma detection rate, willingness to repeat and tolerability were similar, but bloating and interference with sleep favored the same-day preparations. Given lack of clinical differences, patient preference should dictate timing of colonoscopy preparation.
An Examination of the Perceived Importance and Skills Related to Policies and Policy Making Among State Public Health Injury Prevention Staff
Authors: Liller Karen D. , Chapple-McGruder Theresa , Castrucci Brian , Wingate Martha Slay , Hilson Renata , Mendez Dara , Cilenti Dorothy , Raskind Ilana
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The purpose of this research is to use the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey to assess in greater detail state injury prevention staff perceptions of policy development and related skills and their awareness and perception of “Health in All Policies” (HiAP).

Design:

The Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey gauged public health practitioners' perspectives on workplace environment, job satisfaction, national trends, and training needs, and gathered demographics on the workforce. This study utilizes data from the state health agency frame only, focusing solely on those permanently employed, central office staff in injury prevention. Respondents were sampled from 5 paired Health and Human Services regions.

Setting/Participants:

Approximately 25 000 invitations were sent to central office employees. The response rate was 46% (n = 10 246). The analysis in this article includes only injury prevention employees with programmatic roles, excluding clerical and custodial staff, providing us with a total of 97 respondents. When weighted, this resulted in a weighted population size of 365 injury prevention workers.

Main Outcome Measures:

The main outcome measures include demographics, responses to understanding of and skill levels related to policy development, and perceptions of HiAP public health trend.

Results:

State injury prevention workers reported lower policy-making skill but had an overall appreciation of the importance of policies. In general, state injury prevention workers heard of HiAP, thought there should be more emphasis on it, but did not think that HiAP would have an impact on their day-to-day work.

Conclusions/Implications for Policy and Practice:

Efforts are needed for all state injury prevention workers to become better skilled in policy development, implementation, and evaluation in order to become stronger injury prevention advocates and role models.
Niche level segmentation of green consumers
Authors: Verma Sanjeev
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find the niche segmentation of green consumers as a solution to psychographic or demographic predicament. Age cohort and generational cohort (Gen Y and Gen Z) of young consumers are studied for individualization and customization.

Design/methodology/approach

Age cohorts (Gen Z and Gen Y customers) have their unique needs. Both Gen Y (1981-1995) and Gen Z (post-1995) belong to the young consumer segment in the age group of 20-30 years but their generational cohorts are different. Strategic marketing advocates both generational marketing based on age cohorts and segmented marketing for young consumers. Strategic marketing faces cross-road between youth segmentation and generational cohort (Gen Z and Gen Y) due to intersection between the two during the 20-30 age group. Primary data using the ecological conscious consumer behavior (ECCB) scale was collected and analyzed for understanding the individual and relative importance of psychographic and demographic factors in influencing green behavior. The traditional youth segment is sliced into four sub-groups (Young Nest 1-4), and their interaction effect withpost hocanalysis was done for the identification of sources of difference between different age cohorts. The findings of the study were compared with previous studies and unique contributions of this study were identified.

Findings

The findings indicate multiple niche young segments with demographic as the primary criterion and psychographic as the building block. Niche level and individual level segments emerge due to the interaction of various factors within a given age cohort. The findings confirm the identity development process which considered age as an important factor that affects varying choices throughout life from adolescence to adulthood.

Practical implications

The findings of this study may be used for effective targeting and positioning strategy of green marketing. In the time of analytics, age cohorts and generational cohort of young consumers can be approached differently for yielding better environmental results. The magnified niche level segmentation of young consumers may be used to develop individualized and customized promotions for young customers in Young Nest 1-4 for an enhanced ECCB.

Originality/value

Previous studies have focused more on consumer characteristics (demographic or psychographic) and their relative importance but niche level segmentation within given demographic segment was not attempted before. This study is unique in offering microscopic analysis of age cohorts of young consumers (Young Nest 1-4) and their interaction with other demographic variables (gender and income) for niche level segmentation.
Development of nuclear microsatellite markers for the Japanese conifers Tsuga diversifolia and T. sieboldii (Pinaceae)
Authors: Worth James R.P. , Yang Jong‐Cheol , Kanetani Seiichi , Kikuchi Satoshi , Sakaguchi Shota , Ihara‐Udino Tokuko
Published: September 2017

Nuclear microsatellite markers were developed for the two Tsuga species native to the Japanese Archipelago, Tsuga diversifolia and T. sieboldii, and a population with genetic affinities to T. diversifolia on Ulleung Island, Korea. Tsuga diversifolia and T. sieboldii are widespread dominant trees of temperate and subalpine forests in Japan but to date no genetic markers have been developed for these species. Fifteen polymorphic loci were developed and characterized, of which 14 are reliably amplified in each taxon. Across both species and the Ulleung Island population, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 26 (average = 13.93) and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.005 to 0.935 (average = 0.535). In addition, all 15 loci were successfully amplified in a single accession of the Chinese species, T. chinensis. These markers will be useful for investigating the species’ biogeography, range‐wide genetic diversity, conservation genetic issues and potential for hybridisation.
The diversity and biogeography of abundant and rare intertidal marine microeukaryotes explained by environment and dispersal limitation
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Pan Yongbo , Yang Jun , Chen Huihuang , Holohan Bridget , Vaudrey Jamie , Lin Senjie , McManus George B.
Published: September 2017

Benthic microeukaryotes are key ecosystem drivers in marine sandy beaches, an important and dynamic environment; however, little is known about their diversity and biogeography on a large spatial scale. Here, we investigated the community composition and geographical distributions of benthic microeukaryotes using high‐throughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene and quantified the contributions of environmental factors and spatial separation on the distribution patterns of both rare and abundant taxa. We collected 36 intertidal samples at 12 sandy beaches from four regions that spanned distances from 0.001 to 12,000 km. We found 12,890 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% sequence identity level) including members of all eukaryotic super‐groups and several phyla of uncertain position. Arthropoda and Diatomeae dominated the sequence reads in abundance, but Ciliophora and Discoba were the most diverse groups across all samples. About one‐third of the OTUs could not be definitively classified at a similarity level of 80%, supporting the view that a large number of rare and minute marine species may have escaped previous characterization. We found generally similar geographical patterns for abundant and rare microeukaryotic sub‐communities, and both showed a significant distance–decay similarity trend. Variation partitioning showed that both rare and abundant sub‐communities exhibited a slightly stronger response to environmental factors than spatial (distance) factors. However, the abundant sub‐community was strongly correlated with variations in spatial, environmental and sediment grain size factors (66% of variance explained), but the rare assemblage was not (16%). This suggests that different or more complex mechanisms generate and maintain diversity in the rare biosphere in this habitat.
Skeletal and myocardial microvascular blood flow in hydroxycarbamide‐treated patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Sachdev Vandana , Sidenko Stanislav , Wu Melinda D. , Minniti Caterina P. , Hannoush Hwaida , Brenneman Cynthia L. , Waclawiw Myron A. , Arai Andrew E. , Schechter Alan N. , Kato Gregory J. , Lindner Jonathan R.
Published: September 2017

In sickle cell disease (SCD), abnormal microvascular function combined with chronic anaemia predisposes patients to perfusion‐demand mismatch. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle and myocardial perfusion, normalized to the degree of anaemia, is reduced at basal‐state compared to controls, and that this defect is ameliorated by hydroxycarbamide (HC; also termed hydroxyurea) therapy. Twenty‐one SCD patients, of whom 15 were treated with HC, and 27 controls underwent contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEU) perfusion imaging of the forearm as well as the myocardium. HC treatment was associated with lower white cell and reticulocyte counts, and higher fetal haemoglobin and total haemoglobin levels. When corrected for the degree of anaemia in SCD patients, skeletal flow in HC‐treated patients was significantly higher than in untreated SCD patients (217·7 ± 125·4 vs. 85·9 ± 40·2, P = 0·018). Similarly, when normalized for both anaemia and increased myocardial work, resting myocardial perfusion was also significantly higher in HC‐treated patients compared with untreated SCD patients (0·53 ± 0·47 vs. 0·13 ± 0·07, P = 0·028). Haemoglobin F (HbF) levels correlated with skeletal muscle microvascular flow (r = 0·55, P = 0·01). In conclusion, patients with SCD not on HC therapy have resting flow deficits in both skeletal muscle and myocardial flow. HC therapy normalizes flow and there is a direct correlation with HbF levels. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01602809; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01602809?term=sACHDEV&rank=9.
Recent new insights into the role of SNARE and associated proteins in insulin granule exocytosis
Authors: Gaisano Herbert Y.
Published: September 2017

Initial work on the exocytotic machinery of predocked insulin secretory granules (SGs) in pancreatic β‐cells mimicked the SNARE hypothesis work in neurons, which includes SM/SNARE complex and associated priming proteins, fusion clamps and Ca2+ sensors. However, β‐cell SGs, unlike neuronal synaptic vesicles, exhibit a biphasic secretory response that requires additional distinct features in exocytosis including newcomer SGs that undergo minimal docking time at the plasma membrane (PM) before fusion and multi‐SG (compound) fusion. These exocytotic events are mediated by Munc18/SNARE complexes distinct from that which mediates predocked SG fusion. We review some recent insights in SNARE complex assembly and the promiscuity in SM/SNARE complex formation, whereby both contribute to conferring different insulin SG fusion kinetics. Some SNARE and associated proteins play non‐fusion roles, including tethering SGs to Ca2+ channels, SG recruitment from cell interior to PM, and inhibitory SNAREs that block the action of profusion SNAREs. We discuss new insights into how sub‐PM cytoskeletal mesh gates SG access to the PM and the targeting of SG exocytosis to PM domains in functionally polarized β‐cells within intact islets. These recent developments have major implications on devising clever SNARE replacement therapies that could restore the deficient insulin secretion in diabetic islet β‐cells.
Metabolomics applied to islet nutrient sensing mechanisms
Authors: Jensen Mette V. , Gooding Jessica R. , Ferdaoussi Mourad , Dai Xiao‐Qing , Peterson Brett S. , MacDonald Patrick E. , Newgard Christopher B.
Published: September 2017

After multiple decades of investigation, the precise mechanisms involved in fuel‐stimulated insulin secretion are still being revealed. One avenue for gaining deeper knowledge is to apply emergent tools of “metabolomics,” involving mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance‐based profiling of islet cells in their fuel‐stimulated compared with basal states. The current article summarizes recent insights gained from application of metabolomics tools to the specific process of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, revealing 2 new mechanisms that may provide targets for improving insulin secretion in diabetes.