bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of cultureware surfaces on functional and structural components of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Pavlikova Nela , Weiszenstein Martin , Pala Jan , Halada Petr , Seda Ondrej , Elkalaf Moustafa , Trnka Jan , Kovar Jan , Polak Jan
Published: December 2015

Experiments using cultured primary cells or cell lines are a routine in vitro approach used across multiple biological disciplines, However, the structural and functional influences of various cultureware materials on cultured cells is not clearly understood. Surface treatments of cultureware have proven to have profound effects on cell viability and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the impact of polystyrene and fluorocarbon cultureware dishes on the proteomic profile of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. After expansion and differentiation of cells on appropriate cultureware dishes, cell lysates were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and proteins were visualized with Coomassie blue staining. Spots with the highest differential expression between the two culture conditions were subsequently analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and the identified proteins were subjected to pathway analysis. We observed that 43% of all spots were differentially expressed depending on the cultureware. Pathway analysis revealed that glucose metabolism, mitochondrial structure and cell differentiation, represented by 14-3-3 protein-mediated signaling and the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system (MINOS), were significantly affected by cultureware material. These results indicate that cultureware material can have a profound effect on key adipocyte functional pathways. These effects modifications of the cells should be reflected in the design of in vitro experiments and interpretation of their results.
Lattices of Annihilators in Commutative Algebras Over Fields
Authors: Jastrzebska M. , Krempa J.
Published: December 2015

Let K be any field and L be any lattice. In this note we show that L is a sublattice of annihilators in an associative and commutative K-algebra. If L is finite, then our algebra will be finite dimensional over K.
On Generating Sets of Finite Algebras
Authors: Krempa J. , Stocka A.
Published: December 2015

We consider here some notions and results about sets of generators of finite algebras motivated by the case of finite groups. We illustrate these notions by simple examples closed to lattices and semigroups. Next, we examine these notions in the case of groups with operators.
One-Sided Quantum Quasigroups and Loops
Authors: Smith J. D. H.
Published: December 2015

Quantum quasigroups and quantum loops are self-dual objects providing a general framework for the nonassociative extension of quantum group techniques. This paper examines their one-sided analogues, which are not self-dual. Just as quantum quasigroups are the “quantum” version of quasigroups, so one-sided quantum quasigroups are the “quantum” version of left or right quasigroups.
Frost periods and frost-free periods in Poland and neighbouringcountries
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. , Szyga-Pluta Katarzyna , Majkowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2015

The main objective of this article is to analysethe multiannual variability of frost occurrence and thelength of the frost-free period in Poland and neighbouringcountries between 1971 and 2010. A frost day was de-fined as a day onwhich the minimum temperaturewas below0°C and the maximum temperature was above 0°C.On average, between March and November, there were 30frost days in Poland and neighbouring countries, and theirnumber ranged between 12 and 61. In the analysed multiannualperiod, there was a statistically significant tendencyfor the last spring frost to be earlier. Conversely,the first autumn frost occurred increasingly late, althoughthe changes were not statistically significant. All but threestations (Augsburg, Kaliningrad, Olsztyn) recorded an increasein the length of frost-free periods, which was statisticallysignificant in 51% of stations. The pressure conditionconducive to the occurrence of frosts was anticycloniccirculation, as confirmed by the SLP and z500 hPa mapswhich were drawn up, and the Grosswetterlagen (GWL)classification types which were distinguished.
Effect of Smoothing in Generalized Linear Mixed Models on the Estimation of Covariance Parameters for Longitudinal Data
Authors: Mullah Muhammad Abu Shadeque , Benedetti Andrea
Published: December 2015

Besides being mainly used for analyzing clustered or longitudinal data, generalized linear mixed models can also be used for smoothing via restricting changes in the fit at the knots in regression splines. The resulting models are usually called semiparametric mixed models (SPMMs). We investigate the effect of smoothing using SPMMs on the correlation and variance parameter estimates for serially correlated longitudinal normal, Poisson and binary data. Through simulations, we compare the performance of SPMMs to other simpler methods for estimating the nonlinear association such as fractional polynomials, and using a parametric nonlinear function. Simulation results suggest that, in general, the SPMMs recover the true curves very well and yield reasonable estimates of the correlation and variance parameters. However, for binary outcomes, SPMMs produce biased estimates of the variance parameters for high serially correlated data. We apply these methods to a dataset investigating the association between CD4 cell count and time since seroconversion for HIV infected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
Influence of Counter Anions on Inclusion Complexation of p-Sulfonatocalix[6]arene with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts (Ionic Liquids)
Authors: Honda Yusaku , Fujitani Shono , Tamaki Sho , Inazumi Naoya , Hanaya Tadashi , Sueishi Yoshimi
Published: December 2015

Using the inclusion complexation of methylene blue with
p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene (Calix-S6) as a chemical indicator, the
association constants of inclusion complexes of Calix-S6 with
visible-spectroscopically inert 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts
(ionic liquids (IL): counter anions BF4

–
,
PF6

–
, and Cl
–
) were determined. It was found
that the experimentally observed association constants of IL
with Calix-S6 in a water-methanol mixture increased in the order of
counter anion
Cl
–
 < BF4

–
 < PF6

–
. The
19F NMR signals of counter anions BF4

–
and
PF6

–
shift upfield upon addition of Calix-S6. From the
19F NMR chemical shifts, we suggested that Calix-S6 forms
weak 1:1 complexes with the BF4

–
and
PF6

–
anions. The binding constants and their
thermodynamic parameters for the complexation of the
BF4

–
and PF6

–
anions with Calix-S6 were
evaluated in a water-methanol mixture (6:4 (V/V)) at
298 K: K
A = 26.2 M
–1 for
BF4

–
and 106 M
–1 for
PF6

–
. Based on the results, the characteristics for the
complexation of the counter anions with Calix-S6 were discussed and
the inclusion constants of Calix-S6 with the cationic ring moiety of
1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium salts were determined.
MEKANISME DAN PROSEDUR PEMBUKAAN RAHASIA BANK
Authors: Catur SP Bambang
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Mechanisms and procedures at the Opening of Bank Secrecy. The bank secrecy is the right of customer, which must be maintained by the bank. Bank Secrecy is all things related to the storage of information about customers and their savings. However, there are some provisions that allow for the bank to open a secret bank customers, with the for the benefit of the State and society, the purpose of taxation, national trade interests, the interests of the criminal and civil justice, the importance of banking activities, and all set in legislation.   Keywords: Bank, Bank Secrecy, Opening Procedures Abstrak: Mekanisme dan Prosedur Pembukaan Rahasia Bank. Pada dasarnya rahasia bank merupakan hak nasabah yang harus dijaga oleh pihak bank. Rahasia Bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpanan dan simpanannya. Akan tetapi ada beberapa ketentuan yang membolehkan bagi pihak bank untuk membuka rahasia bank nasabahnya, dengan ketentuan untuk kepentingan Negara dan masyarakat luas, untuk kepentingan perpajakan, untuk kepentingan piutang negara, untuk kepentingan peradilan pidana dan perdata, untuk kepentingan kegiatan perbankan, dan semuanya diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.   Kata Kunci: Bank, Rahasia Bank, Prosedur PembukaanDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1525
HUKUM PAJAK DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA BAGI KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT
Authors: Sulastyawati Dwi
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Tax Law and its Implementation for Social Welfare. Tax is one of the economic instruments of a country. Some of these taxes as a source of national income lasts more than 50% of national income. When a country has higher income taxes for example, more jobs can be created, reducing unemployment, better education and health care. Moreover, a good instrument for the distribution of income. However, the distribution of income becomes biggest economic problem today. Where the rich get richer and poor get poorer. Tax becomes an instrument to reduce the mismatch of income whether it affects the welfare of the people or not. This issue will be discussed in this paper.   Keywords: Tax, Tax Law, Tax utilization   Abstrak: Hukum Pajak dan Implementasinya Bagi Kesejahteraan Rakyat. Pajak merupakan salah satu instrumen ekonomi suatu negara. Sebagian pajak sebagai sumber pendapatan nasional berlangsung lebih dari 50% dari pendapatan nasional. Ketika suatu negara memiliki pendapatan yang lebih tinggi dari pajak misalnya, lebih banyak pekerjaan dapat diciptakan, pengangguran mengurangi, baik pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan dapat mencapai. Dan juga instrumen yang baik untuk distribusi pendapatan. Sedangkan distribusi pendapatan menjadi masalah terbesar saat ini ekonomi. Dimana kaya semakin kaya dan miskin semakin miskin. Ketika pajak menjadi instrumen untuk mengurangi ketidakcocokan pendapatan apakah itu mempengaruhi kesejahteraan rakyat atau tidak makalah ini akan menguraikan bahwa.  Kata Kunci: Pajak, Hukum Pajak, Pajak PemanfaatanDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1530
PRAGMATISME PENYELENGGARAAN IBADAH HAJI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nuri Muhammad
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Pragmatism of Hajj in Indonesia. Haji interpreted as an intention to do something honorable. While according to Islamic law is the intention of visiting a particular place (the House of al-Haram and Arafat) at a particular time (in the months of Shawwal) to perform certain deeds are standing at Arafat, Tawaf, sa'ī by certain conditions. As for the maintenance from time to time carried by various groups. During the reign of the Dutch East Indies was conducted by an independent maintenance of the Hajj. However, there are many interest in some quarters, maintenance of the Hajj taken over by the government. Similarly, during the reign of the Republic of Indonesia, a lot of interest happens until finally the government established under the direct authority Directorate of General of Islamic Community Guidance and Hajj Maintenance of Religious Affairs.   Keyword: Pragmatism, Hajj Maintenance Abstrak: Pragmatisme Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji di Indonesia. Haji diartikan sebagai berkehendak untuk melakukan sesuatu yang dimuliakan. Sedang menurut syara’ ialah niat mengunjungi tempat tertentu (Baitullah al-Haram dan Arafah) pada waktu yang tertentu (pada bulan-bulan Shawal) untuk melaksanakan segala amalan yang tertentu yaitu wuquf di Arafah, tawaf, sa’i dengan syarat tertentu. Adapun penyelenggaraannya dari masa ke masa dilakukan oleh berbagai kalangan. Pada masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda penyelenggaraan dilakukan bebas, tetapi karena kepentingan beberapa kalangan diambil alih oleh pemerintah. Begitu pula pada masa pemerintahan Republik Indonesia, banyak kepentingan yang berjalan hingga akhirnya pemerintah menetapkan kewenangannya langsung di bawah Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam dan Penyelenggaraan Haji Kementerian Agama. Kata Kunci: Pragmatisme, Penyelenggaraan HajiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1532
KHAZANAH SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Syah Aji Rizqon Halal
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Treasures of Science and Mathematics in Islam. Islam is the religion of the civilized. Islam is not just a religion, but a civilization that can be discerned by empirical (teachings) of the progress of human civilization, as well as the subject of the passage of a civilization. Islam has a treasures science and mathematics that have been claimed by the West as a civilization biggest contribution to science. Muslim scholars contribute ideas to the development of science and mathematics cannot be considered minor and denied. Postulates a positive relation of the essence of mathematics is not separated from the phenomenology of the Qur'an will be a proof on the monotheism. The role of Muslim scientists contributed ideas and findings on various things in the science and math adds proof that no dichotomy between religion and science. Phenomenology teachings of monotheism also provide evidence that the positive relationship between revelations against rationality is not mutually contradictory.   Keywords: Science, Mathematics, Muslim Scientist, Phenomenology Abstrak: Khazanah Sains dan Matematika Dalam Islam. Islam merupakan ajaran agama yang beradab. Islam bukan sekedar agama, namun peradaban yang dapat dicerna secara empirik (ajaran) terhadap kemajuan peradaban manusia, sekaligus subjek dari berjalannya sebuah peradaban. Islam mempunyai khasanah sains dan matematika yang selama ini diklaim oleh Barat sebagai sumbangsih terbesar peradabannya dalam ilmu pengetahuan. Sumbangsih pemikiran sarjana Muslim terhadap perkembangan sains dan matematika tidak bisa dianggap kecil dan dinafikan. Relasi positif dari esensi postulat dalam matematika tidak lepas dari fenomenologi Alquran yang memberikan pembuktian akan sebuah nilai ketauhidan. Peran ilmuwan Muslim memberikan kontribusi pemikiran dan temuan atas berbagai hal dalam sains dan matematika menambah pembuktian bahwa tidak adanya dikotomi antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan. Fenomenologi ajaran tauhid juga memberikan relasi positif terhadap pembuktian bahwa antara wahyu dengan rasionalitas tidak saling bertentangan. Kata kunci: sains, matematika, ilmuwan Muslim, fenomenologiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1534
PENTINGNYA KEBERADAAN LPS BAGI NASABAH PENYIMPAN
Authors: Sitompul Zulkarnain
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The Importance of Deposit Insurance Corporation for Customers. The safety of customers in saving their money is an important thing to be guaranteed by every financial agency. This is a part of proves of trust principal given to the banks. Its aim is that the trust from customers is important as the more the customers trust the banks the more services used by them. This principal also builds trust between customers and the banks. For this reason, there are many banks act as financial advisers for their customers. This relationship, then, creates fiduciary duty for the banks when dealing with their customers.   Keywords: trust, financial advisers, fiduciary duty   Abstrak: Pentingnya Keberadaan LPS Bagi Nasabah Penyimpan. Keamanan nasabah dalam penyimpanan uangnya merupakan hal yang paling penting dijamin oleh setiap lembaga keuangan. Keamanan bagi nasabah adalah realisasi dari prinsip kepercayaan (trust) yang diberikan nasabah kepada pihak perbankan. Tujuannya adalah semakin nasabah menaruh kepercayaan kepada bank, maka akan semakin banyak kuantitasnya nasabah yang menggunakan jasa perbankan. Pentingnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap bank telah menciptakan hubungan kepercayaan antara bank dengan nasabahnya. seringkali menyebabkan bank berperan sebagai penasehat keuangan (financial adviser) bagi nasabahnya menciptakan hubungan kepercayaan dan kerahasiaan (confidentiality) anatara bank dengan nasabah. Hubungan kepercayaan tersebut pada  gilirannya menghasilkan fiduciary duty bagi bank ketika berurusan dengan nasabahnya. Kata kunci: kepercayaan penasehat keuangan, fiduciary dutyDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1536
MANAJEMEN PUBLIC RELATIONS SEBAGAI ALAT ETIKA KOMUNIKASI DALAM BISNIS ISLAM
Authors: Rahmawati Yuke
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Public Relations Management as a Tool of Business Communication Ethics Islam. Public relations is as an intermediary between the head of the organization and its publics. In an effort to foster good community relations, internal and external. Public relations profession generally believed to be a facilitator, motivator, and even become agents of change. One definition says PR is a method of communication to create a positive image of the partner organization on the basis of respecting mutual interests. Management of public relations in the business of Islam, does not give a different sense, because basically the concept of PR is highly recommended in Islam. If the analogy meaning of public relations as a procedure for communicating the good, true and effective, then the concept of Islam has clearly explain to some verses in the Koran. Keywords: Public Relations, Islamic Business, Management, Methods   Abstrak: Manajemen Public Relations Sebagai Alat Etika Komunikasi Dalam Bisnis Islam. Public relations merupakan sebagai perantara antara pimpinan organisasi dengan publiknya. Baik dalam upaya membina hubungan masyarakat internal, maupun eksternal. Profesi public relations pada umumnya diyakini akan menjadi fasilitator, motivator, bahkan menjadi agen perubahan. Salah satu definisi menyebutkan PR adalah metode komunikasi untuk menciptakan citra positif dari mitra organisasi atas dasar menghormati kepentingan bersama. Manajemen public relations pada bisnis Islam, tidak memberikan pengertian yang berbeda, karena pada dasarnya konsep PR ini sangat direkomendasikan dalam Islam. Bila dianalogikan makna public relation sebagai tata cara berkomunikasi yang baik, benar dan efektif, maka konsep Islam telah jelas menerangkannya pada beberapa ayat dalam Alquran. Kata Kunci: public relation, bisnis Islam, manajemen, metodeDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1537
ASURANSI SYARIAH DAN GAGASAN AMANDEMEN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 02 TAHUN 1992 TENTANG PERASURANSIAN
Authors: Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Shariah Insurance and Amendment Construct of Constitution No. 02 Year 1992 about Insurance. Shariah insurance has been developed about 18 years and since then it does exist in Indonesia. It is different from shariah banking which already has legal law (Constitution No. 21 Year 2008 about Shariah Banking), on the other hand, Shariah insurance has not had any legal law yet. In fact, shariah principals must be applied, however Constitution No.2 Year 1992 about insurance shows its inability to accommodate all shariah principals for shariah insurance industry in Indonesia. The constitution on shariah insurance both in legislate special constitution or amendment the current constitution is a big hope to guarantee legal law for stakeholders and trust to society to use the product and the services form shariah insurance. Keywords: shariah insurance, constitution, and insurance Abstrak: Asuransi Syariah dan Gagasan Amandemen Undang-Undang Nomor 02 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perasuransian. Sudah 18 tahun asuransi syariah berkembang dan eksis di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Berbeda dengan perbankan syariah yang telah memiliki kepastian hukum dengan adanya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, asuransi syariah belum diatur secara khusus dalam aturan perundang-undangan. Padahal sejatinya, prinsip-prinsip syariah harus diaplikasikan, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 02 Tahun 1992 tentang Perasuransian belum mampu mengakomodir seluruh prisnip-prinsip syariah bagi industri asuransi syariah di Indonesia. Hadirnya peraturan perundang-undangan tentang asuransi syariah, baik dengan membuat undang-undang khusus atau pun amandemen undang-undang perasuransian yang ada, adalah harapan besar guna menjamin kepastian hukum bagi stakeholders dan sekaligus memberikan keyakinan kepada masyarakat dalam menggunakan produk dan jasa asuransi syariah.  Kata kunci: Asuransi Syariah, Undang-undang, PerasuransianDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1540
MENAKAR PENGARUH MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN 2015 TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN INDONESIA
Authors: AbduRofiq Atep
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Measuring the Influence of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) toward Indonesian Development. The implementation of AEC 2015 brings positive and negative impact. However if it is analyzed from the discrepancy income of developed country, AEC 2015 opens opportunity for domestic and international development. By having clear procedures and professional development, AEC 2015 will face challenges for Indonesian economic development to be better. Keywords: AEC 2015, development, professionalism Abstrak: Menakar Pengaruh MEA 2015 Terhadap Pembangunan Indonesia. Pelaksanaan MEA 2015 tidak lepas dari dampak positif dan negatif, namun jika dilihat dari tingkat pendapatan yang belum merata serta kesenjangannya dengan negara-negara yang maju di kawasan ASEAN lainnya. MEA 2015 justeru memberikan peluang yang postif bagi pembangunan domestik maupun pengembangan internasional, dengan prosedur dan pengembangan profesionlitas yang jelas maka MEA akan mampu merubah tantangan menjadi peluang bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia yang lebih baik.   Kata Kunci: MEA 2015, pembangunan, profesionalitasDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1543
PENGELOLAAN DANA UMRAH BERBASIS INVESTASI
Authors: Syarifah Ahmad Imas
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The Management of Investment-based Umrah. Indonesian citizens have great intention to perform Hajj and Umrah; it can be seen from the long waiting list for Hajj or even Umrah along the year. In the condition of expensive fees for Hajj and Umrah and high intention to perform them, the government gives solution to help its citizens overcome this obstacle. Therefore, several banks and travel companies open saving accounts in the form of investment for Umrah. Keywords: funds, umrah, investment Abstrak: Pengelolaan Dana Umrah Berbasis Investasi. Umat Islam Indonesia termasuk memiliki minat sangat tinggi untuk menunaikan ibadah haji dan umrah. Hal ini terlihat dari panjangnya daftar waiting list keberangkatan haji, bahkan keberangkatan umrah dilakukan hampir-hampir sepanjang tahun secara bergelombang. Dalam kondisi biaya yang mahal sedang minat masyarakat tinggi, akhirnya dicarikan solusi agar kendala biaya tidak menjadi penghambat bagi umat Islam Indonesia melakukan ibadah ini. Oleh karenanya beberapa bank, bahkan perusahaan jasa travel membuka pelayanan tabungan berbentuk investasi yang diniatkan untuk ibadah umrah.   Kata Kunci: Dana, Umrah, InvestasiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1546
POTENSI PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DALAM RANGKA PELAKSANAAN OTONOMI DAERAH
Authors: Khairul Umam Irfan
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Local Revenue Potential in the Context of Regional Autonomy in Indramayu. Abstract: Demands to increase revenue (PAD) greater, together with the increasing number of delegation of authority from the central government to local governments. Financial transfers made by the central government to local governments through equalization funds are relatively adequate for the implementation of regional autonomy, nevertheless required local governments to explore more creative fullest potential local funding sources, as this greatly helps to increase accountability and flexibility in the use of Budgets. The results showed that the acceptance of the PAD consists of local taxes, levies, wealth management outcomes separated areas as well as other PAD legitimate and execution of the collection is done by the work unit or related agencies. Keywords: PAD, Autonomy, Indramayu district Abstrak: Potensi Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah di Kabupaten Indramayu. Tuntutan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) semakin besar, berbarengan dengan semakin banyaknya pelimpahan kewenangan dari pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah. Transfer keuangan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah melalui dana perimbangan jumlahnya relatif memadai dalam rangka pelaksanaan otonomi daerah, walaupun begitu pemerintah daerah diharuskan lebih kreatif untuk menggali secara maksimal sumber pembiayaan daerah yang potensial, karena hal ini sangat membantu meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan keleluasaan dalam penggunaan APBD.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan PAD terdiri dari pajak daerah, retribusi daerah, hasil pengelolaan kekayaan daerah yang dipisahkan serta lain-lain PAD yang sah dan pelaksanaan pemungutannya dilakukan oleh unit kerja atau dinas-dinas terkait.   Kata Kunci: PAD, Otonomi Daerah, Kabupaten IndramayuDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1549
A Lacanian Reading of Hamlet: The Mourning Subject of Desire
Authors: Marín Calderón Norman
Published: December 2015

Este ensayo analiza la obra de Shakespeare, Hamlet, como el entresijo que existe entre deseo y muerte. Hamlet toma su deseo como un enigma porque no sabe qué hacer con él ni cuándo actuar en conformidad. De acuerdo con Lacan, Hamlet está atrapado en las redes alienantes del Otro, quien, inconscientemente, le indica qué y cómo desear. En esta encrucijada, Hamlet toma a su madre Gertrudis y a su amada Ofelia con el fin de elevarlas al objeto de su deseo, a saber, su falo significante. Por lo tanto, para Lacan, el drama de Hamlet es la tragedia del deseo.
Effectiveness of the Use of Graphic Organizers and Summaries: A Case Study of Adult EFL Students in a Reading Comprehension Course
Authors: Barrantes Torres Daniela
Published: December 2015

Este estudio pretende responder la pregunta de cómo el uso de diagramas parcialmente completos así como también los resúmenes pueden ayudar a los estudiantes a obtener la idea principal de diferentes textos. El marco teórico hace referencia a los beneficios de usar diagramas y resúmenes para comprender la idea principal de los textos. La información recopilada apoya la premisa de que los diagramas deben ser usados como una estrategia de lectura mientras los resúmenes deben ser usados como una estrategia de post-lectura. Los resúmenes son útiles para los lectores que muestran una comprensión real de los textos así como también para que los docentes evalúen el entendimiento de las ideas principales de diferentes lecturas por parte de sus estudiantes. Además, los resultados muestran que los estudiantes valoran las ventajas de usar ambas estrategias para leer textos en inglés.
El apoyo al estudio independiente en un curso de comprensión de lectura con “Hot Potatoes”
Authors: Zúñiga Vargas Juan Pablo
Published: December 2015

Este artículo describe el diseño y la puesta en práctica de una estrategia didáctica para apoyar el estudio independiente en un grupo de estudiantes de comprensión de lectura en inglés durante un semestre en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Para este fin, se diseñaron diez pruebas de práctica interactivas para el estudiantado con la herramienta de autor “Hot Potoatoes.” Estas pruebas se pusieron a disposición de los estudiantes en una página web personal del docente con al menos una semana de antelación a cada evaluación formal del curso. Después de esto, se administró un cuestionario con dos preguntas cerradas y tres preguntas abiertas para que los estudiantes valoraran esta experiencia. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que las principales ventajas para el apoyo al estudio independiente son la preparación efectiva para las evaluaciones del curso, la correspondencia entre el contenido impartido y el evaluado, el reforzamiento de conceptos y la facilidad del trabajo virtual.
Propuesta didáctica del poema Ricordi di Costarica de Massimo Fioravanti en una clase de italiano
Authors: Rimolo Bariatti Annamaria
Published: December 2015

El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar una propuesta didáctica para la clase de italiano LE (como lengua extranjera) basada en la poesía de Massimo Fioravanti Bosi, un huelguista italiano en la Costa Rica del siglo XIX durante la construcción del ferrocarril al Atlántico, titulada Ricordi di Costarica y publicada en 1936. Para su elaboración nos fundamentamos en las nueve categorías de Hanauer (2001) para la construcción de significados. Por otro lado, es importante resaltar el hecho histórico de que el autor mismo comenta en dicha poesía su propia experiencia en Costa Rica así como que nunca haya sido publicada íntegramente en nuestro país. Fue escrita en la vejez del poeta campesino, luego de su regreso a Italia, en febrero de 1893.
Collocare le abilità produttive all’interno di una prospettiva autenticamente comunicativa
Authors: Torresan Paolo
Published: December 2015

Se diría que hablar y escribir son dos actividades de primer orden en la actualidad, en una época declarada comunicativa. ¿Será realidad esta afirmación? En efecto, es un merito del enfoque comunicativo, por haber revitalizado las destrezas receptivas, lo que no es igualmente asignado a las destrezas productivas, como es la escritura, lugar que sobresale dentro del proceso de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. En el artículo se señala una metodología para la expresión oral y escrita dentro de una perspectiva comunicativa capaz de lograr un equilibrio entre destrezas y competencias; una perspectiva, diríamos, comunicativa auténtica. Respondamos a algunas preguntas: ¿Por qué es importante hablar y escribir libremente? ¿Qué papel puede tener la expresión oral/escrita con referencia a los procesos de comprensión y al logro de la competencia metalingüística? En la segunda parte pasamos a destacar una serie de actividades dirigidas a facilitar o potenciar la escritura y la oralidad.
Effect of an Oxytocin Antagonist on Prostaglandin F2α Secretion and the Course of Luteolysis in Sows
Authors: Kotwica Genowefa , Franczak Anita , Okrasa S. , Kotwica J.
Published: December 2015

The role of oxytocin (OT) in the regulation of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) secretion during luteolysis in gilts was studied using a highly specific OT antagonist (CAP-581). In Experiment 1 gilts on Days 14 to 19 of the oestrous cycle in Latin square design were used, to determine the dose and time of application of OT and CAP. In Group I (n = 6) gilts were treated intravenously with saline or with 10, 20 and 30 IU of OT. Concentrations of the main PGF2α metabolite i.e. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prosta-glandin F2α (PGFM) were measured in blood samples as uterine response to the treatment. Twenty IU of OT was the most effective to stimulate PGFM release and this dose was used after CAP treatment in gilts of Groups II, III and IV. Gilts of Group II (n = 3) were injected into the uterine horns (UH) with saline (5 ml/horn) or CAP (2 mg, 3 mg and 4 mg; half dose/horn) and OT was injected (i.v.) 30 min thereafter. Any of the CAP doses given into the UH affected PGFM plasma concentrations stimulated by OT. In Group III (n = 4) gilts were infused (i.v.) for 30 min with CAP (9 mg, 14 mg and 18 mg/gilt) followed by 20 IU of OT. All doses of CAP effectively inhibited OT-stimulated PGF2α release, therefore 9 mg was selected for the further studies. Gilts of Group IV (n = 4) received OT 4, 6 and 8 h after CAP to define how long CAP blocks the OT receptors. Concentrations of PGFM increased after any of this period of time. Thus, we concluded that 9 mg of CAP infused every 4 h will effectively block OT receptors. In Experiment 2, gilts (n = 4) received CAP as a 30-min infusion every 4 h on Days 12-20 of the oestrous cycle. Control gilts (n = 3) were infused with saline. CAP infusions diminished the height of PGFM peaks (P < 0.05). Frequency of the PGFM (P < 0.057) and OT (P < 0.082) peaks only tended to be lower in the CAP-treated gilts. Peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4) and oestradiol-17β (E2) and the time of luteolysis initiation as measured by the decrease of P4 concentration were the same in CAP-and saline-treated gilts. The macroscopic studies of the ovaries in gilts revealed lack of differences between groups. We conclude that OT is involved in the secretion of luteolytic PGF2α peaks but its role is limited to controlling their height and frequency. Blocking of OT receptors did not prevent luteolysis in sows.
Study of the Soil—Plant (Carrot)—Animal Cycle of Nutritive and Hazardous Minerals in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Bersényi A. , Fekete S. , Hullár I. , Kádár I. , Szilágyi M. , Glávits R. , Kulcsár Margit , Mézes M. , Zöldág L.
Published: December 2015

Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver.
Porcine Adenoviruses: An Update on Genome Analysis and Vector Development
Authors: Nagy M. , Tuboly T.
Published: December 2015

Although porcine adenoviruses (PAdV) are present in the swine populations worldwide, they usually do not cause any disease, or the infection is only manifested in a mild diarrhoea or respiratory signs. The importance of adenoviruses, however, is constantly growing as there is a possibility of developing them into viral vector vaccines against more significant swine pathogens. A short summary of the well-established facts of porcine adenoviruses is given and recent developments of the genetic analysis of these viruses are discussed in detail. The possibilities of vector development and examples of vector vaccines already reported in the literature are mentioned.
Survey on Myxobolus Infection of the Bleak (Alburnus alburnus L.) in the River Danube and in Lake Balaton
Authors: Molnár K.
Published: December 2015

In a three-year survey of myxosporean infections of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus), involving the examination of 205 fish specimens from the River Danube and 50 from Lake Balaton, four Myxobolus species (two gill parasites, one fin parasite and a species parasitising the skeletal muscles) were detected. Two of the species could be identified as M. alburni and M. obesus. Of the other two species, the gill parasite proved to be a hitherto undescribed species which is described here as a new species by the name of M. margitae. One of the two gillparasitic species, M. obesus, formed plasmodia in the respiratory lamellae of the gill filaments, while the plasmodia of M. margitae n. sp. were formed in the afferent artery of the primary gill filaments. The plasmodia containing spores morphologically identifiable with the species M. alburni were located in the connective tissue between the fin rays. The less frequently found muscle-parasitic Myxobolus species has not been identified precisely. The plasmodia of M. obesus were found in the fish in May and June, while those of M. alburni and M. margitae n. sp. in July and August. The prevalence of infection in fish examined in these periods was 15.5% for M. obesus, 11.5% for M. margitae and 14.0% for M. alburni.
First Report on the Occurrence of an Actinosporean Stage (Myxozoa) in Oligochaetes from Spanish Freshwaters
Authors: Székely Cs. , Sitjà-Bobadilla Ariadna , Alvarez-Pellitero Pilar
Published: December 2015

Oligochaetes living in the Mijares River close to the Sitjar reservoir, and polychaetes from the brackish and marine waters of a channel flowing into the Mediterranean Sea, both in the province of Castellón (Spain), were examined for the presence of actinosporea. An aurantiactinomyxon was isolated from 60 specimens of the oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi collected from the river, but no actinospores were isolated from 160 polychaetes collected from the sea channel. The aurantiactinospores were detected by the cell-well plate method. The detected species are not identical with any of the aurantiactinomyxon forms hitherto described in the literature. This is the first report on the occurrence of an actinosporea in Spanish waters.
Questionnaire assessment of the welfare of pigs
Authors: Horváth G. , Visnyei L.
Published: December 2015

A questionnaire study was performed involving 76 farms with a total of 380,207 pigs to assess the welfare of pigs kept in Hungary based on the animal welfare legislation of the European Union. Most significant deficiencies were found in the fulfilment of the provisions relating to space requirements, the stall microclimate and the behavioural needs of the animals.
Absorption of leucine, alanine and lysine from the rumen
Authors: Veresegyházy T. , Fébel Hedvig , Rimanóczy Ágnes
Published: December 2015

The absorption of three amino acids (leucine, alanine and lysine) from the washed, closed rumen was studied in a short-term (75 min) experiment in situ. The concentration of leucine and alanine did not change in the rumen during the experiment, while that of lysine continuously decreased, and 40% of the total lysine placed in the rumen was absorbed during the experimental period. The rate of absorption decreased in proportion to the fall of amino acid concentration.
Radiodiagnostic examination of the swimbladder of some fish species
Authors: Beregi A. , Székely Cs. , Békési L. , Szabó Judit , Molnár V. , Molnár K.
Published: December 2015

Radiodiagnostic methods have not been used previously for studying the anatomy and diseases of the swimbladder of freshwater fish species. In this study, the radiographic anatomy of the swimbladder and species-related differences in swimbladder structure were studied on plain radiographs taken of 12 Hungarian fish species of major economic importance. Changes observed by radiography were also studied by conventional parasitological methods. The radiodiagnostic method reported here appears to be a useful complement to diagnostic examinations that have been based merely on dissection so far. It enables evaluation of the pathological lesions in live condition, without causing damage to the fish.
Pathogenicity of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus strain in pregnant sows: Short communication
Authors: Kulcsár G. , Soós P. , Kucsera L. , Glávits R. , Pálfi V.
Published: December 2015

The biological properties of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strain Oregon C24V were studied after intranasal and subcutaneous infection of pregnant sows. This virus strain is widely used in Hungary for immunising cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD). Based upon the results of the clinical, gross pathological, histopathological and virological examinations it can be established that the given strain caused asymptomatic infection and serological conversion in sows that were in the second third of gestation. The virus caused clinically apparent disease in some of the piglets born at term, which indicates that it had crossed the placenta. More than half (57%) of the live-born piglets died within 60 days of birth. The sows and their progeny did not shed the virus. BVDV infection has great differential diagnostic importance in pigs, as classical swine fever (CSF) virus strains of reduced virulence cause similar clinical symptoms and gross and histopathological changes.
DNA sequence of a small, unidentified plasmid isolated from a Haemophilus somnus strain: Short communication
Authors: Izadpanah R. , Dán Á. , Benkő Mária , Rusvai M. , Fodor L. , Harrach B.
Published: December 2015

One of the plasmids present in a Haemophilus somnus strain isolated from nasal discharge of a cattle with respiratory disease was purified and cloned for DNA sequencing. The plasmid was found to be 1065 base pairs long with 39.2% G+C content, and showed no homology to any DNA sequenced so far. It has no capacity to code any protein longer than 43 residues. It is not clear yet if this plasmid codes Haemophilus somnus specific factors.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in fasted and nonfasted broiler chickens
Authors: Laczay P. , Semjén G. , Lehel J. , Nagy G.
Published: December 2015

The pharmacokinetics and the influence of food on the kinetic profile and bioavailability of doxycycline was studied after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral dose of 10.0 mg/kg body weight in 7-week-old broiler chickens. Following i.v. administration the drug was rapidly distributed in the body with a distribution half-life of 0.21 ± 0.01 h. The elimination half-life of 6.78 ± 0.06 h was relatively long and resulted from both a low total body clearance of 0.139 ± 0.007 L/h·kg and a large volume of distribution of 1.36 ± 0.06 L/kg. After oral administration to fasted chickens, the absorption of doxycycline was quite fast and substantial as shown by the absorption half-life of 0.39 ± 0.03 h, the maximal plasma concentration of 4.47 ± 0.16 —g/mL and the time to reach the Cmax of 1.73 ± 0.06 h. The distribution and the final elimination of the drug were slower than after i.v. administration. The absolute bioavailability was 73.4 ± 2.5%. The presence of food in the intestinal tract reduced and extended the absorption (t1/2a = 1.23 ± 0.21 h; Cmax = 3.07 ± 0.23 µg/mL; tmax = 3.34 ± 0.21 h). The absolute bioavailability was reduced to 61.1% ± 4.4%.
Mechanism of action of noradrenaline on secretion of progesterone and oxytocin by the bovine corpus luteum in vitro
Authors: Miszkiel Grażyna , Kotwica J.
Published: December 2015

The present studies were conducted: (1) to determine which β-adrenoceptor subtypes are involved in progesterone and oxytocin (OT) secretion, (2) to examine whether noradrenaline (NA) acts directly on the cytochrome P-450scc and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and (3) to study the effect of prostaglandin F2α, (PGF2α) on NA-stimulated steroidogenesis in luteal cells. The effect of NA on progesterone secretion from luteal slices of heifers on days 8–12 of the oestrous cycle was blocked by both atenolol (β1-antagonist) and ICI 118.551 hydrochloride (β2-antagonist). OT secretion was blocked only after treatment with ICI 118.551 hydrochloride (P < 0.05). Dobutamine (10−4−10−6), a selective β1 agonist and salbutamol (10−4−10−6), a selective β2 agonist, both increased progesterone production (P < 0.01) with an efficiency comparable to that produced by NA (P < 0.01). The increase of OT content in luteal slices was observed only after treatment with salbutamol at the dose of 10−5M (P < 0.01). Dobutamine had no effect on OT production at any dose. A stimulatory effect of NA on cytochrome P-450scc activity (P < 0.05) was demonstrated using 25-hydroxycholesterol as substrate. 3β-HSD activity also increased following NA (P < 0.01) or pregnenolone (P < 0.05) and in tissue treated with pregnenolone together with NA (P < 0.01). PGF decreased progesterone synthesis (P < 0.05) and 3β-HSD activity (P < 0.01) in tissue treated with NA. We conclude that NA stimulates progesterone secretion by luteal β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, while OT secretion is probably mediated only via the β2-receptor. NA also increases cytochrome P-450scc and 3β-HSD activity. PGF inhibits the luteotropic effect of NA on the luteal tissue.
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and mitogenic activity of partially fractionated sheep amniotic fluid
Authors: Blahovec J. , Kostecká Zuzana , Cavaille Françoise , Lacroix M. G. , Mester J.
Published: December 2015

Amniotic fluid collected from ewes on various days of gestation was examined for the presence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins. IGF-binding proteins with a molecular mass of 40–45 kDa appeared at day 41 of gestation. The level of these major IGF-binding proteins increased during pregnancy and reached a maximum at day 106. Smaller IGF-binding molecules with an approximate molecular mass of 35 kDa and 25 kDa appeared at day 90, also reaching a concentration peak at day 106. The mitogenic activity of sheep amniotic fluid after chromatography on Sephadex G-50 was separated into two peaks. The peak having lower molecular mass corresponded to an elution profile of 125I-IGF-I. The first peak, having higher molecular mass, was eluted immediately after the void volume of column. Electrophoresis and ligand blotting showed that proteins in the first peak had similar properties as IGF-binding proteins.
Apoptotic cell death in the porcine endometrium during the oestrous cycle
Authors: Wąsowska Barbara , Ludkiewicz Beata , Stefańczyk-Krzymowska Stanisława , Grzegorzewski W. , Skipor Janina
Published: December 2015

It has been reported that apoptosis plays an essential role in controlling the physiological cell kinetics in the human and rodent endometrium but this type of death has never been studied in the porcine endometrium. The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptotic cell death in the porcine endometrium during the middle (Days 9–11) and late (Day 13) luteal phase, during the luteolysis (Day 15) and early follicular phase (Days 17–19) of the oestrous cycle. Apoptotic cells were identified by in situ DNA 3′-end labelling method. it was revealed that the greatest number of apoptotic cells in the luminal and glandular epithelium was found on Days 17–19 and on Day 15 of the oestrous cycle, respectively. in the stroma, the greatest number of these cells was found on Days 9–11. Our data have shown that in the porcine endometrium, both epithelial and stromal cells undergo apoptosis and that the number of apoptotic cells varies depending on the phase of the oestrous cycle.
Effect of low-dose zearalenone exposure on luteal function, follicular activity and uterine oedema in cycling mares
Authors: Juhász Judit , Nagy P. , Kulcsár Margit , Szigeti G. , Reiczigel J. , Huszenicza Gy.
Published: December 2015

The effect of 10-day zearalenone administration starting 10 days after ovulation was studied in 6 cycling trotter mares in the summer period. After an entire oestrous cycle (Cycle 1), mares were given 7 mg purified zearalenone per os daily (1 mg/ml in ethyl alcohol) beginning on Day 10 of Cycle 2. Toxin exposure was continued until the subsequent ovulation. Luteal function and follicular activity were monitored daily by rectal palpation, ultrasonography and blood sampling for progesterone. During toxin exposure, all animals were in good physical condition. The toxin had no effect on the length of the interovulatory intervals, luteal and follicular phases. It did not influence significantly the plasma progesterone profiles (logistic curve parameters A1 to A6), the follicular activity (growth rate, maximum size of the ovulatory follicles, maximum number and the time of first increase in the number of large follicles) and the uterine oedema. It is concluded that in cyclic mares the methods used in this study could not detect any adverse effect of zearalenone (administered at a low dose similar to natural exposure) on reproduction.