bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Ultra-High Holographic Information Capacity through Nonorthogonal Polarization Multiplexing
Authors: Li Guanhai , Wang Jie , Chen Jin , Yu Feilong , Chen Rongsheng , Wang Jiuxu , Zhao Zengyue , Li Xuenan , Xing Huaizhong , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: March 2024

Contemporary studies in polarization multiplexing are hindered by the intrinsic orthogonality constraints of polarization states, which restrict the scope of multiplexing channels and their practical applications. This research transcends these barriers by introducing an innovative nonorthogonal polarization-basis multiplexing approach. Utilizing spatially varied local polarization states within metaatoms, we successfully reconstruct globally nonorthogonal channels that exhibit minimal crosstalk. This method not only facilitates the generation of free-vector holograms, achieving complete degrees-of-freedom in three nonorthogonal channels with ultra-low energy leakage, but it also significantly enhances the dimensions of the Jones matrix, expanding it to a groundbreaking 10×10 scale. The fusion of a controllable eigen-polarization engineering mechanism with a vectorial optical diffraction neural network culminates in the experimental creation of 55 intricate holographic patterns across these expanded channels. This advancement represents a profound shift in the field of polarization multiplexing, unlocking unprecedented opportunities in advanced holography and quantum encryption, among other applications.
Causal Implications of 731 Immune Cell Types in Atrial Fibrillation: Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: li han , Zhong Guo-Qiang
Published: March 2024

Background
The pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) is still unclear, and our aim was to understand whether immune cells play a causal role in AF.
Methods
In this study, we conducted an exhaustive Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis leveraging publicly accessible genetic datasets to investigate the causal relationship between 731 immune cell counts and the risk of AF. Our primary analytical strategies encompassed Mendelian Randomization and sensitivity analyses, employing Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) and Weighted Median approaches, to ascertain the causal linkage between the immune cell counts under examination and susceptibility to AF. This methodology facilitated a comprehensive evaluation of the potential genetic predispositions influencing AF risk through alterations in immune cell profiles, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the etiological mechanisms underlying AF.
Results
Following False Discovery Rate (FDR) adjustment, our findings revealed that AF does not exert a significant impact on immune cell counts. However, a significant association was observed between AF risk and two specific immune cell counts: IgD-CD38dim B cells (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.049, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.024–1.075, P = 0.0001, PFDR = 0.039) and CD25 on IgD + CD38dim B cells (OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.962–0.986, P = 1.87E-05, PFDR = 0.012).
Conclusions
This study has unveiled a profound interconnection between immune cells and AF, thereby presenting novel therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AF.
Deep Learning for Signal Detection in Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space
Authors: Yu Dan , Wu Zhaofeng , Zhang Haiyang , Li Huanze , Fu Sha
Published: March 2024

The Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space (NOMA-OTFS) modulation technique can address the multiuser communication challenges in high-mobility scenarios. To tackle the high model complexity in the downlink detection system for NOMA-OTFS modulation, this paper introduces a signal detection algorithm based on deep neural network technology. The use of deep learning techniques enhances the receiver model, reduces model complexity, and improves system efficiency. The algorithm’s stability, reliability, and scenario applicability are ensured through offline training of symbol-level datasets. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing schemes in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER), demonstrating superior detection performance and robustness.
ROS-induced cytosolic release of mitochondrial PGAM5 accelerates colorectal cancer progression via MST3-mediated YAP activation
Authors: Yu Zhengquan , Wang Shiyang , Bi Wenxin , Xu Jiuzhi , Li Guilin , Pan Yuwei , Li Mengzhen , Wu Xi , Du Sujuan , Zhang Mingxin , Hou Liyuan , Liu Di , Yu Lu , Plikus Maksim , Song Moshi , Zhou Zhaocai , Lv Cong
Published: March 2024

Aberrant release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in response to cellular stress is well known to induce neoplastic transformation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which mtROS contribute to epithelial tumorigenesis remains only partially understood. Here, we show in colorectal cancer (CRC) models that upon sensing excessive mtROS, the phosphatase PGAM5, which normally localizes in the mitochondria, undergoes aberrant cleavage by presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL), and becomes released into the cytoplasm. Cytosolic PGAM5 then directly binds to and dephosphorylates MST3 kinase; this in turn prevents STK25-mediated LATS1/2 phosphorylation, leading to YAP activation and CRC development. Importantly, depletion of MST3 reciprocally promotes accumulation of cytosolic PGAM5 by inducing mitochondrial damage. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that mtROS promotes CRC progression by activating YAP via a novel post-transcriptional positive feedback loop between PGAM5 and MST3, both of which can serve as new targets for the development of novel anti-colon cancer therapeutics.
Design of pulse current welding modes for flux-cored wire for additive manufacturing purpose
Authors: Zavdoveev Anatoliy , Rogante Massimo , Pozniakov Valeriy , Gaivoronskiy Aleksandr , Baudin Thierry , Denisenko Anatoliy , Zhdanov Sergiy , Krazhanovskyi Denys , Zhernosekov Anatoliy , Klochkov Illia , Maksimenko Andrey , Motrunich Sviatoslav , Bevz Vitaliy
Published: March 2024

This research presents the results of an experimental investigation based on experiment using flux-cored wire and solid wire with the same average current but different geometries were studied. The primary objective of this research is to explore and optimize welding modes for flux-cored wire, emphasizing the disparities in pulse current modes when compared to solid wire welding. It underscores the importance of reevaluating welding modes traditionally considered suitable for solid wires when working with flux-cored welding materials. To this end, the paper examines the application scope of flux-cored wires and highlights the necessity for such considerations. Previous research findings indicate that even when employing identical welding modes, specifically with respect to average welding current in the case of Pulse Current Gas Metal Arc Welding (PC-GMAW), the resulting weld formations can exhibit substantial variations. This paper contributes to understanding of the factors affecting weld quality and sets the algorithm for optimizing pulse current modes for flux-cored wire welding applications.
Are Urban residents seeking appropriate care for Malaria? Evidence from an exploratory qualitative study in two cities in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunwale Akintayo , Ajayi Ikeoluwapo , Bamgboye Eniola , Adamu Al-Mukhtar , Bello Musa , Olawuwo Morenikeji , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi , Akinyemi Joshua , Ozodiegwu Ifeoma
Published: March 2024

Background
Unplanned and rapid urbanization within Nigerian cities with the attendant environmental consequences may hinder malaria elimination goal. Presently, there are limited qualitative studies on malaria case management, treatment and care-seeking patterns by settlement type in urban areas in Nigeria. This study, investigated the malaria-related health seeking behaviours among different settlement types in Ibadan and Kano metropolises, Nigeria.
Methods
This qualitative study involved conduct of Nine Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sessions among community members and 20 Key Informant interviews (KII) with health and community stakeholders in each of the two metropolises. The participants were purposively drawn from three settlement types – formal, informal and urban slum. Pretested FGD and KII were used to collect data. Data were subjected to thematic content analysis.
Results
Government-owned health facility especially Primary Health Care (PHC) facility was a major place identified as where many community members prefer to seek care for suspected malaria infection. Reasons adduced included proximity of facilities and services affordability. A common viewpoint was that most community members in informal and slum communities in both metropolises often patronize Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) or drug sellers as the first point for treatment of suspected malaria infection. Adduced reasons were poverty, ignorance and non-availability of 24 hours services in PHC facilities. High cost of hospital bills, poor attitude of health workers, long waiting time and cultural beliefs were identified as key factors influencing community members’ decision not to seek care for suspected malaria infection in the hospital. It was noted that the rich prefer to seek treatment in private hospitals, while the poor usually visit PHCs or resort to other options like buying drugs from PPMVs or use herbal drugs.
Conclusion
The preference of many community members in both metropolises for government-owned health facilities as well as the commoner practice of seeking care from patent medicine vendors and herbal drug sellers among informal settlements and slums dwellers calls for public health interventions. Specifically, the provision of free or affordable malaria care in health facilities; and training of community stakeholders and non-formal care providers on appropriate malaria care and referral to hospital are recommended.
Mediating Role of Effusion-synovitis on Knee Pain Worsening Following Quadriceps Weakness: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Gong Ze , Ao Di , Li Tingni , Li Le
Published: March 2024

Objective
The cause of increased knee pain related to quadriceps weakness in knee osteoarthritis remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of alterations in the effusion-synovitis, a special kind of nociceptive structure, on changes in knee pain associated with quadriceps weakness.
Methods
Based on the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort, knees with comprehensive records of quadriceps strength, effusion-synovitis, and knee pain assessments at baseline, 12-month and 24-month intervals were included. Quadriceps strength was measured isometrically at baseline, while effusion-synovitis and knee pain were assessed at baseline, 12-month, and 24-month follow-ups. Mediation-effect models were utilized to quantify the extent to which changes in effusion-synovitis, induced by quadriceps weakness, could mediate the impact on the knee pain scale.
Results
The analysis involved 1377 knees of 1235 participants with both baseline and 12-month follow-up data (61.1% females, mean age of 61.7 years). Baseline quadriceps strength was significantly associated with knee pain changes over 12 and 24 months, while changes in effusion-synovitis were also directly associated with worsening knee pain at 12- and 24-month follow-ups. More importantly, effusion-synovitis changes mediated the association between baseline quadriceps strength and knee pain worsening over 12 and 24 months, with the mediating proportion of 17.72% and 10.31%, respectively. Additionally, this mediation association remained significant in the population with radiographic osteoarthritis during 12-month follow-up.
Conclusion
Effusion-synovitis mediates approximately one-fifth of the association between baseline quadriceps strength and knee pain changes, suggesting that interventions targeting effusion-synovitis could facilitate the treatment of quadriceps-associated knee pain.
Differences in intestinal barrier function between Tianhua mutton sheep and Gansu alpine fine wool sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Li Dengpan , Liu Zhanjing , Duan Xinming , Wang Chunhui , Li Qiao , Ma Youji
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of intestinal barrier function between Tianhua mutton sheep and Gansu alpine fine wool sheep by HE staining, VFA assay and 16S full-length sequencing. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with Gansu alpine fine wool sheep, Tianhua mutton sheep showed significantly higher villus height, significantly lighter crypt depth and significantly higher ratio of villus to crypt in duodenum and ileum (P-value < 0.05). 2) In both duodenum and jejunum, the contents of acetic acid and total acid were significantly higher in Tianhua mutton sheep than in Gansu alpine fine wool sheep (P-value < 0.05). 3) The overall comparison of the intestinal tract revealed that the Ace index of Tianhua mutton sheep was significantly higher than that of Alpine fine wool sheep (P-value < 0.05). The intestinal flora was able to separate significantly between the two breeds. LEfSe analysis found that Clostridia, Christensenellaceae-R-7-group-bacterium-AC2043 was the high abundance differential species in Tianhua mutton sheep. 4)The dominant flora of the two fine wool sheep were different in the five intestinal segments, but the content of beneficial bacteria of Tianhua mutton sheep was generally higher than that of Gansu alpine fine wool sheep. It can be seen that the intestinal barrier of Tianhua mutton sheep is better than that of Gansu alpine fine wool sheep, and Tianhua mutton sheep has a stronger adaptation to the living conditions of alpine pasture.
Synthetic syntrophy: A platform technology for adenine nucleotide cross-feeding between metabolically active vesicles
Authors: Poolman Bert , Heinen Laura , King Martin , Kunji Edmund , Noort Marco van den
Published: March 2024

Living systems depend on a continuous input of energy for growth, replication, and information processing. Cells convert nutrients or light to form metabolic energy in the form of ion gradients and ATP. However, to install sustained fueling pathways in synthetic systems is challenging. Inspired by endosymbionts that rely on the host cell for their nutrients, we introduce the concept of cross-feeding between synthetic vesicles that can exchange ATP and ADP across their membranes. One population of vesicles produces and exports ATP, while a second population of vesicles takes up the ATP to fuel energy-consuming reactions. The produced ADP feeds back to the first vesicles. The vesicles are a new platform technology to fuel ATP-dependent processes in a sustained fashion, with wide applications in synthetic cells and nanoreactors. Fundamentally, the vesicles enable studying non-equilibrium processes in an energy-controlled environment and promote the development and understanding of constructing life-like metabolic systems.
Relations between Academic and Behavioral Adaptations: The Antecedent Effects of Executive Function
Authors: Cao Xiaojing , Yan Ni
Published: March 2024

Using a large sample (n = 1,178) from the National Institute of Child Health and Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model was employed to unpack the trait and state aspects in the relations between children’s academic performance and externalizing/internalizing behaviors during primary school and examined the predictive role of early executive function. Results showed that state-level fluctuations in children’s behavioral problems predicted subsequent academic performance, and vice versa. However, at the beginning of primary school and early adolescence, positive reciprocal predictive relations were found between children's problem behaviors and academic performance. Moreover, children with more advanced early executive function were found to have better academic performance and fewer behavioral problems throughout primary school, supporting the antecedent role of early executive function. Therefore, future interventions should focus on improving primary school students' adjustment with developmental-sensitive designs.
GSCNN: A genomic selection convolutional neural network model based on SNP genotype and physical distance features and data augmentation strategy
Authors: Ji Lu , Hou Wei , Xiong Liwen , Zhou Heng , Liu Chunhai , Li Lanzhi , Yuan Zheming
Published: March 2024

Background
Genomic selection (GS) proves to be an effective method for augmenting plant and animal breeding efficiency. Deep learning displays remarkable flexibility and vast capacity for representation, enabling it to capture complex associations, and is deemed one of the most auspicious models for GS.
Methods
The present study proposed a deep-learning technique named genomic selection convolutional neural network (GSCNN) that introduces innovation in three aspects. GSCNN encodes adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the genotypes and physical distance (PD) between SNPs, allowing more accurate determination of the complex associative relationships of SNPs. Secondly, we generate new samples by perturbing SNP sequences based on chromosomes to solve the data scarcity problem and improve the performance of the GS deep learning model. In addition, the GSCNN uses advanced deep learning techniques - Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) embedding and attention pooling - to interpret biosequence information.
Results
Compared to widely used GS models, such as genomic best linear unbiased prediction, reproducing kernel Hilbert space, Bayes B, Bayesian lasso, and deep learning genome-wide association study, the GSCNN demonstrated superior performance in six prediction tasks.
Conclusion
The GSCNN is a promising model for GS and provides a reference for applying deep learning to other life science fields.
Understanding Public Perceptions and Discussions on Fibromyalgia through Social Media: Cross-Sectional Infodemiology Study
Authors: Valades MT , Montero-Torres M , Lara-Abelenda FJ , Carabot F , Ortega MA , Álvarez-Mon M , Alvarez-Mon MA
Published: March 2024

Background: Fibromyalgia is a prevalent condition of unknown etiology, characterized by generalized chronic pain that leads to disability, and has significant direct and indirect costs. The objective of this study was to examine the content and key aspects of tweets pertaining to diseases associated with chronic pain.
Methods: We investigated tweets published between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, by English and Spanish-speaking Twitter users, as well as generated retweets. Additionally, emotions were extracted from these tweets and their dissemination was analysed. Similarly, the topics that users most frequently address were compiled.
Results: In total, 72,874 tweets were analysed in both English (44,467) and Spanish (28,407). Paraplegia represented 23.3%, with 16,461 classifiable tweets, followed by headache and fibromyalgia, with 15,337 (21.7%) and 15,179 (21.5%) tweets, respectively. Multiple sclerosis generated 14,781 tweets (21%), while the lowest number of tweets was associated with neuropathy, totaling 8,830 tweets (12.5%). The findings revealed that the primary emotions extracted were "fear" and "sadness". Furthermore, the scope and impact of these tweets were investigated through the generated retweets, with those related to headaches being of the highest interest and having the greatest interaction among users.
Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding the role that social media plays in fostering public awareness of chronic pain and improving patients' comprehension and treatment. Moreover, these results are likely to be applicable to other countries whose languages were not covered in our study.
Association Between Dietary Factors and Psoriasis: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zheng Yanzhi , Xue Zhilong , Liang Zhongyi , Jin Aning
Published: March 2024

The WHO recognizes psoriatic arthritis (PsA) as a severe non-communicable disease, with Europe having the highest prevalence worldwide, affecting around 6.4 million people. Though dietary factors are closely associated with psoriasis (PsO) in clinical studies, few researchers have explored this link through Mendelian randomization (MR). This investigation analyzes the causal association between psoriasis and dietary factors. This study used MR analysis with publicly available genome-wide association studies to uncover causal relationships. Causal inference and effect estimates were determined using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Additionally, sensitivity analysis included weighted median and MR-Egger methods, with leave-one-out analysis to ensure reliability. It was found that bread intake was associated with increased psoriasis risk (OR: 1.008; 95% CI: 1.003–1.015; p = 0.004), while beef consumption (OR: 0.989; 95% CI: 0.979–0.999; p = 0.043), cooked vegetables (OR: 0.967; 95% CI: 0.936–0.999; p = 0.046), and pork (OR: 0.985; 95% CI: 0.973–0.997; p = 0.016) were protective against psoriasis. No causal link was observed between other dietary factors and psoriasis. Overall, the study found that bread intake increased psoriasis risk, while beef, cooked vegetables, and pork consumption reduced it. Other diets showed no causal association with psoriasis.
Identification and Characterization of the Anterior Loop (AL), Accessory Mental Foramen (AMF), and Lateral Lingual Foramen (LLF) Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in an Iranian Population
Authors: Shokri Abbas , Maleki Mohammad Mahdi , Tapak Leili
Published: March 2024

Objective: The presence of the anterior loop (AL), accessory mental foramen (AMF), lateral lingual foramen (LLF), and other details in the mental foramen region can complicate surgeries in this area, which may vary among different populations. This study aims to investigate these features in an Iranian population.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized CBCT images from patients at the Dental College of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, encompassing 703 patients providing 1362 mandibular halves. Evaluations were conducted on various sections of CBCT images to examine the targeted structures. Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (v20.0; IBM Corp) with appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The anterior loop was observed with a prevalence of 22.15% on the right side with an average length of 2.918 mm (range 1-6 mm) and 22.56% on the left side with an average length of 2.628 mm (range 0.9-5 mm). The nerve exit direction was predominantly vertical (67.27%), posterior (26.91%), and anterior (5.79%). Accessory mental foramina were present in 8.27% of cases, ranging from 1 to 3 foramina with an average count of 1.0446, where 1.51% of individuals had bilateral occurrences. Lateral lingual foramina were found in 45.6% of individuals either on the right or left side, with 24.65% having bilateral presences.
Conclusion: According to the findings, ALs, AMFs, and LLFs frequently occur in this Iranian population. Considering the impact of racial, gender, and age characteristics on the variations of these anatomical structures, it is recommended to conduct similar studies in different populations.
Analysis of risk factors and establishment of prediction model for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after lumbar fusion surgery
Authors: Zhao Yixiang , Kong Xiangzhen , Song Kangle , Liu Zhenchuan , Zhang Yuanqiang , Cheng Lei
Published: March 2024

Background
Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) is a common complication after orthopedic surgery. Currently, a reliable assessment tool is lacking to evaluate the risk of postoperative LEDVT in patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery. This study aims to explore the risk factors for LEDVT formation after lumbar fusion surgery and establish a predictive model for it.
Methods
Data of patients admitted for spinal surgery from May 2022 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into DVT and non-DVT groups based on the occurrence of LEDVT after surgery. Potential risk factors were initially identified through intergroup comparative analysis and single-factor logistic regression, which were considered candidate indicators. Subsequently, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique was used to address the issue of class imbalance in the data. LASSO regression was applied to select candidate indicators, and the filtered variables were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. Nomogram and dynamic nomogram were constructed to visualize the model, and the model was subsequently validated.
Results
Factors including preoperative hospitalization days, age, gender, fibrinogen, and lower limb venous reflux/varicose vein were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The results showed that the model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.803, 0.800, and 0.791 for the training set, validation set, and external validation set, respectively. Nomogram and web-based dynamic nomogram were created based on the multivariable logistic regression model. The model exhibited good performance in calibration curves and decision analysis.
Conclusion
The study identified shorter preoperative hospitalization days, age, gender, fibrinogen, and the presence of lower limb venous reflux/varicose vein as risk factors for LEDVT formation following lumbar fusion surgery. The predictive tool established based on the Logistic regression model demonstrated good performance and can be considered for assessing the risk of LEDVT formation after lumbar fusion surgery.
Solving the High-Intensity Multimodal Training Prescription Puzzle: A Systematic Mapping Review.
Authors: Sharp Tijana , Slattery Katie , Coutts Aaron J , Gogh Mikah Van , Ralph Lara , Wallace Lee
Published: March 2024

BackgroundHigh-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/ or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. The objective of this systematic mapping review was to examine which prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes have been reported on in HIMT. This review also examined the quantity and trends of research conducted on HIMT.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37090 records were retrieved, of which 220 were included for review. 246 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS).ResultsA total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies prescribed ‘high-intensity’ exercise at a level lower than the American College of Sports Medicine criteria for high-intensity (i.e., <77% heart rate maximum). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design.ConclusionsPrevious HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines (i.e., CERT) to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions. Finally, future outcome measures should be accessible in practice and reflect common training goals of participants.RegistrationThis review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Preregistration: osf.io/yknq4.
GALNT4 promotes the endothelial cell inflammatory response via the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Li Wei , Zhou Lulu , Wei Pengcheng , Li Shijie , Li Duan
Published: March 2024

Background
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl -transferase 4 (GALNT4) modifies target proteins via O-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) glycosylation, which is known to play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response in AS, but its exact function in ECs is yet to be determined.
Objective
This study aims to investigate the effect of GALNT4 on endothelial cell inflammation and AS.
Methods and results
We found GALNT4 expression increased in ECs exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli. GALNT4 over-expression led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1, which promoted the adhesion of leukocytes to ECs and trans-endothelial migration. Conversely, knockdown of GALNT4 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules induced by TNF-α. The study also observed that over-expression of GALNT4 increased the binding of NF-κB to the promoter of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1, while GALNT4 knockdown had the opposite effect. Additionally, GALNT4 degraded IκBα and facilitated the translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway. Finally, GALNT4-mediated endothelial cell inflammation was reduced by the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and knockdown of the NF-κB p65 subunit, indicating that the NF-κB pathway plays a vital role in regulating GALNT4-mediated expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines.
Conclusion
We provide evidence that GALNT4 promotes the adherence of monocytes to ECs and their trans-endothelial migration via the NF-κB signaling pathway. GALNT4 could be a potential therapeutic target for AS.
Aluminum-doped carbon dots for the simultaneous selective detection of five tetracycline antibiotics
Authors: Yu Chaojie , Sun Qinxing , Wang Zongzhen , Sun Mengxue , Xu Xiang , Li Weina
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the aluminum-doped carbon dots (Al-CDs) were developed for simultaneous selective detection of five tetracycline antibiotics (TCs), including minocycline (MC), tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DOC) and chlortetracycline (CTC). With the bright blue fluorescence, Al-CDs displayed excellent stability and showed no obvious fluorescence intensity changes under different ionic strength, acidic or alkaline environment, continuous ultraviolet light illumination, and even longtime storage at room temperature. As adding different antibiotics, the fluorescence of Al-CDs was strongly quenched by five TCs and showed no distinguished changes with the addition of other kinds of antibiotics. The presence of interferential metal ions, anions and small organic molecules imposed no effect on the simultaneous selective detection of five TCs. A good linear relationship was achieved for five TCs in the range of 0-100 µM, and the limit of detection (LOD) for MC, TC, OTC, DOC, and CTC were 12.70, 14.58, 14.35, 13.48 and 13.92 nM, respectively. Moreover, Al-CDs was successfully used to the detection of three TCs in real samples with recovery ranging from 92.47–122.05%, confirming a bright future for the practical applications in the assays of foods, medicines, and environments.
Childhood Outcomes Following Discharge from a Referral Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Program
Authors: Callahan Katharine , Farrell Kathryn , Gibbs Kathleen , Kielt Matthew , Morris Heidi , Nilan Kathleen , Thomas Sarah , DeMauro Sara
Published: March 2024

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to profile the childhood health, development, and health-related quality of life (HR QoL) for children with the most severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), those discharged from a quaternary referral program.Study Design : We collected cross-sectional data through telephone interviews with 282 families of children ages 18 months to 11 years who had been discharged from a BPD referral program.Results Respiratory morbidities were near universal, with 42% of children ever having required a tracheostomy and severity of these morbidities correlated with parent-reported health and QoL. Developmental morbidities were also marked: 97% required an individualized educational plan. While respiratory morbidities and overall health improved over time, developmental morbidities were increasingly prominent, resulting in lower quality of life.Conclusions Among children referred to a quaternary BPD program, respiratory and developmental morbidities are on numerous counts more severe than any reported in the literature.
Acute Toxicity of Sodium Chloride-based Road Salt Formulations to Juvenille Aquatic Invertebrates
Authors: Harwood Amanda , Wilson Hunter , John Logan St. , Centurione Isabella
Published: March 2024

Globally millions of tons of de-icing agents are applied each year, and about half of these salts enter surface water adjacent to sites of application. While numerous studies have demonstrated the potential impact de-icing agents such as NaCl have on freshwater invertebrates, many of these studies have used laboratory grade NaCl for evaluation, and less is known about the relative toxicity of formulations. The purpose of this study was to compare the 24 and 96 h LC50s of NaCl and two NaCl-based road salt formulations for three aquatic species: juvenile Hyalella azteca, Hexagenia rigida, and Chironomous dilutus. As expected, LC50 values were greater for 24 h exposures than 96 h exposures. However, the relative toxicity of the road salt formulations varied by exposure duration and species. Normalization for chloride ion had no effect on these relationships. Therefore, the toxicity of the road salts used in this study can be predicted based on chloride ion concentrations. Although the acute LC50 values found in this study were within environmental concentrations of chloride ions reported by existing literature, more research is needed to evaluate chronic or sublethal effects of road salt formulations on a range of freshwater macroinvertebrates.
Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-(L)1 resistance in late-stage cancer
Authors: Melero Ignacio , Luken María de Miguel , de Velasco Guillermo , Garralda Elena , Liberal Juan Martin , Joerger Markus , Alonso Guzman , Goebeler Maria-Elizabeth , Schuler Martin , König David , Dummer Reinhard , Reig Mara , Rodriguez-Ruiz Maria , Calvo Emiliano , Esteban-Villarrubia Jorge , Oberoi Arjun , Sàbat Paula , Soto-Castillo Juan José , Koster Kira-Lee , Saavedra Omar , Sayehli Cyrus , Gromke Tanja , Läubli Heinz , Ramelyte Egle , Fortuny Marta , Landa-Magdalena Ana , Moreno Irene , Torres-Jiménez Javier , Hernando-Calvo Alberto , Hess Dagmar , Racca Fabricio , Richly Heike , Schmitt Andreas , Eggenschwiler Corinne , Sanduzzi-Zamparelli Marco , Vilalta-Lacarra Anna , Trajanoski Zlatko , Hackl Hubert , Gogolla Falk , Koll Florestan , Wild Peter , Chun Felix Kyoung-Hwan , Reis Henning , Lloyd Peter , Machacek Matthias , Gajewski Thomas F. , FRIDMAN Wolf , Eggermont Alexander , Bargou Ralf , Schöniger Sandra , Rüschoff Josef , Tereshchenko Anastasiia , Zink Carina , Silva Antonio da , Lichtenegger Felix , Akdemir Julia , Rüdiger Manfred , L’Huillier Phil , Dutta Aradhana , Haake Markus , Auckenthaler Alexandra , Gjorgjioska Ana , Hermann Frank , Rössler Bernhard , Liebig Mara , Schuberth-Wagner Christine , Auer Marlene , Wischhusen Jörg , Fettes Petra , Klar Kathrin , Leo Eugen
Published: March 2024

Cancer immunotherapies with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules are active treatments across multiple cancer entities and have markedly improved cancer treatment. Yet, response rates are still limited, and tumor progression commonly occurs. Soluble and cell-bound factors in the tumor microenvironment negatively impact on cancer immunity. Recently, Growth and Differentiation-factor 15 (GDF-15), a cytokine that is abundantly produced by many cancer types, was shown to interfere with anti-tumor immune response. In preclinical cancer models, GDF-15 blockade synergistically enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 mediated checkpoint inhibition. In a first-in-human phase 1/2a study (GDFATHER-1/2a trial, NCT04725474), patients with advanced cancers refractory to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy were treated with the neutralizing anti-GDF-15 antibody visugromab (CTL-002) in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab. Durable responses were achieved namely in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer and urothelial cancer, two cancer entities identified as frequently GDF-15 immunosuppressed in an in-silico 11,000 tumor TCGA data base screening. Increased tumor infiltrates, proliferation and Granzyme-B expression in cytotoxic T-cells were observed in response to therapy. Neutralizing GDF-15 holds promise in overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer.
Implementation of Net-Zero Energy Building in Indian Army
Authors: Rana Ashit Kumar , Ghosh Prabhat Chandra , Baswana C S
Published: March 2024

Net zero energy is a conceit of energy self-sufficiency that is based on minimal demand of thermal power supply and more usage of local renewable energy resources. A net zero energy military installation is defined as: ― A military installation that produces as much energy on-site from renewable energy generation or through the on-site use of renewable fuels, as it consumes in its buildings, facilities, and fleet vehicles. This study entails the green energy audit of the buildings of Indian Army aiming to identify opportunities for improving the energy efficiency of the campus and to facilitate the nation building with sustainable development. The reduction of the energy consumption while maintaining the human safety, health and comfort are of the primary importance. There is now a universal recognition of the fact that new technologies and much greater use of some that already exist provide the most hopeful prospects for the future. The opportunities lie in the use of existing renewable energy technologies, greater efforts at energy efficiency and the dissemination of these technologies and options. Achieving energy efficiency leads to net zero emission of carbon i.e., reducing the carbon footprint in the buildings and invariably reduces dependency on electricity produced by fossil fuels.
High pressure compaction and densification at 1200 ºC of nano-sized ZrO2 -3 mol% Y2O3 powders obtained by sol-gel process
Authors: Caruso Ricardo , Mamana Nadia
Published: March 2024

In the present work, ZrO2-3 mol% Y2O3 (Y-TZP) nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method are incorporated in a matrix and uniaxially compacted applying different pressures. Sol-gel powders are of high reactivity, but very often the aim to obtain full densiﬁcation at low sintering temperature, is not achieved. Thus to obtain a dense pieces with these powders require a higher sintering temperature and this has a negative effect on their mechanical properties. However, if one obtains higher density of green compact favours the subsequent densification process of the final piece. In this work, to obtain the compact ones three kinds of zirconia powders are prepared in different ways. Their compaction to high pressures and sintering behaviour are studied and correlated with the densification tests. The obtained green compacts show elevated densification, small grain size and improving mechanical properties after the thermal treatment at 1200 ºC in air.
Impact of acute glycemic variability on short-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a multicenter population-based study
Authors: Wang Juan , Wang Lu-lu , Yang Yan-min , Tan Hui-qiong , Zhu Jun
Published: March 2024

Background
Given the increasing attention to glycemic variability (GV) and its potential implications for cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to explore the impact of acute GV on short-term outcomes in Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods
This study enrolled 7510 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute STEMI from 274 centers in China. GV was assessed using the coefficient of variation of blood glucose levels. Patients were categorized into three groups according to GV tertiles (GV1, GV2, and GV3). The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the independent correlation between GV and the outcomes.
Results
A total of 7136 patients with STEMI were included. During 30-days follow-up, there was a significant increase in the incidence of all-cause death and MACEs with higher GV tertiles. The 30-days mortality rates were 7.4% for GV1, 8.7% for GV2 and 9.4% for GV3 (p = 0.004), while the MACEs incidence rates was 11.3%, 13.8% and 15.8% for the GV1, GV2 and GV3 groups respectively (p < 0.001). High GV levels during hospitalization were significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACEs. When analyzed as a continuous variable, GV was independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.679, 95% confidence Interval [CI] 1.005–2.804) and MACEs (HR 2.064, 95% CI 1.386–3.074). Additionally, when analyzed as categorical variables, the GV3 group was found to predict an increased risk of MACEs, irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Conclusion
Our study findings indicate that a high GV during hospitalization was significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACE in Chinese patients with STEMI. Moreover, acute GV emerged as an independent predictor of increased MACEs risk, regardless of DM status.
Review And Improvements on Star Identification Algorithm Based On Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Zahednamazi Mona , Toloei Alireza , Toloei Mohammad Hossein
Published: March 2024

The star sensor is the most accurate attitude determination sensor for space applications. This sensor determines the attitude by capturing the image of the stars in the field of view. Attitude calculation by the star sensor consists of several algorithms. Among them, star identification is the most crucial one; Because the failure of the correct star identification leads to a False attitude. One of the less discussed star identification algorithms is based on using the singular value decomposition of a matrix consisting of directional vectors of the star cluster. This paper, provides a review of some star identifications based on this concept as well as the simulation, analysis, and improvement of these methods. Moreover, the effect of various numbers of stars in the cluster as well as various fields of view size on this algorithm have been studied for different methods. The identification has been considered a two-step process based on singular values and singular vectors. Also, the rate of duplicate sets in the database of different methods has been investigated. In the last part of the paper, new methods for removing the dimmer stars in the image and bright star selection based on characteristics of singular value decomposition of the image have been proposed.
A retrospective clinical study in Graves disease with COVID-19 infection in China
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Feng Xiaoyun , Li Bingxin , Gong Yuwei , Huang Yunhong , Gu Mingyu , Sun Haiyan , Ren Wenqian , Zhen Qin , Shen Tingting , Fan Tingting , Qin Qin , Liu Fang , Wang Yufan , Peng Yongde , Xu Huanbai
Published: March 2024

Background
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most prevalent global pandemic in recent times. Graves disease (GD), an autoimmune thyroid disease, is a clinical syndrome caused by excessive thyroid hormones. Our study is to understand the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 infection in GD patients, and to analyze whether COVID-19 will affect the thyroid function, thyroid autoantibody and metabolism of GD patients.
Methods
109 GD patients were followed by Shanghai General Hospital Thyroid Disease Center (TDC) from November 2022 to June 2023. There were three groups defined, i.e., pre, one-month after and three months after infection with COVID-19. SPSS was used to analyze the recruited data.
Results
109 GD patients are infected with COVID-19 (72.48%), uncontrolled GD patients with high FT3 had a higher COVID-19 infection rate (79.31%). As for thyroid function in 35 GD patients with antithyroid drug (ATD) maintenance stage, there were significant differences in FT3, FT4, TT3 and TT4 before and after being infected with COVID-19. What’s more, there’s a significant difference between GD patients in one month and three months after COVID-19 infection of high TSAb group (p = 0.048) but no significant difference between pre and one month. What’s more, there were significant differences in TT3, TT4 of GD patients after infected COVID-19 in non. And Phosphorus (P), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D3), Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) in GD patients were be affected by COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion
GD patients with uncontrolled thyroid function group are susceptible to COVID-19. COVID-19 may affect the thyroid function of GD in TT3, TT4, TSAb high level group infection. COVID-19 vaccine is conducive to the stability of GD patients' condition. And COVID-19 may affect the bone metabolism in GD patients before and after COVID-19 infection. But there is no effect on glucose metabolism or lipid metabolism.
Interspecific Eavesdropping on Chemical Communication in the Field between Taif Pomegranate, Aphis punicae, Enemies, and Protectors
Authors: M’sakni Nour Houda , Alsufyani Taghreed , Alotaibi Noura J. , Almalki Mona A. , Alghamdi Eman M.
Published: March 2024

The demand for alternative pesticides for agricultural crops is becoming a public health requirement. In nature, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a major role in influencing the qua-trophic relationship between plants, pests, protectors, and predators. By utilizing an ecological approach, these substances can be utilized as a powerful crop biocontrol tool for integrated pest management (IPM) against Aphis punicae, the green pomegranate aphid. This study involved collecting VOCs from aphid-infested pomegranates (AIP) in the presence of protectors and predators in the field for the first time in Taif Governorate to implement IPM. Using headspace open-loop stripping and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, 30 VOCs were identified from four ecological interactions between AIP, ants, and ladybirds. The VOC profile of AIP indicates that it is experiencing early injury due to low β-farnesene, methyl salicylate, and high caryophyllene. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and heatmap were used to identify the key volatile compounds in the field from the four systems studied and demonstrate the variability of the volatile compounds among different insects and host plants. Seven volatile compounds, including 1-methyl-3-tert-butylbenzene, m-ethylcumene, 3-carene, (+)-4-carene, 2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane, and caryophyllene, were detected in the ecological interaction of AIP. The primary ant pheromone compound, 4-heptanone, becomes effective in repelling aphids after 24 hours when ants and ladybirds are present. In 48 hours, a complex pattern was observed consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and 1-methyl-1H-imidazole, which was identified as a key factor in repelling aphids. The same ecological system showed that methyl salicylate, sabinene, limonene, pentadecane, and heptadecane were found to attract predators. The composition and quantity of VOCs emitted can cause varying responses. This study serves as a basis for future quantitative studies that can determine the concentration of each volatile compound that is essential for the biological control of A. punicae.