bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the daily gastrointestinal doses of stereotactic body radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer based on the shortest distance between the tumor and the gastrointestinal tract using daily computed tomography images
Authors: Uchinami Yusuke , Kanehira Takahiro , Nakazato Keiji , Fujita Yoshihiro , Koizumi Fuki , Takahashi Shuhei , Otsuka Manami , Yasuda Koichi , Taguchi Hiroshi , Nishioka Kentaro , Miyamoto Naoki , Yokokawa Kohei , Suzuki Ryusuke , Kobashi Keiji , Takahashi Keita , Katoh Norio , Aoyama Hidefumi
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate whether daily computed tomography (CT) images could predict the daily gastroduodenal, small intestine, and large intestine doses of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer based on the shortest distance between the gross tumor volume (GTV) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Methods:

Twelve patients with pancreatic cancer received SBRT of 40 Gy in five fractions. We recalculated the reference clinical SBRT plan (PLANref) using daily CT images and calculated the shortest distance from the GTV to each GI tract. The maximum dose delivered to 0.5 cc (D0.5cc) was evaluated for each planning at-risk volume of the GI tract. Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine the association between the daily change in the shortest distance (Δshortest distance) and the ratio of ΔD0.5cc dose to D0.5cc dose in PLANref (ΔD0.5cc/PLANref) for quantitative analysis.

Results:

The median shortest distance in PLANref was 0 mm in the gastroduodenum (interquartile range, 0–2.7), 16.7 mm in the small intestine (10.0–23.7), and 16.7 mm in the large intestine (8.3–28.1 mm). The D0.5cc of PLANref in the gastroduodenum was >30 Gy in all patients, with 10 (83.3%) having the highest dose. A significant association was found between the Δshortest distance and ΔD0.5cc/ PLANref in the small or large intestine (p < 0.001) but not in the gastroduodenum (p = 0.404).

Conclusions:

The gastroduodenum had a higher D0.5cc and predicting the daily dose was difficult. Daily dose calculations of the GI tract are recommended for safe SBRT.

Advances in knowledge:

This study aimed to predict the daily doses in SBRT for pancreatic cancer from the shortest distance between the GTV and the gastrointestinal tract. Daily changes in the shortest distance can predict the daily dose to the small or large intestines, but not to the gastroduodenum.
Niche modelling suggests low feasibility of assisted gene flow for a Neogene relict tree, Castanea sativa Mill.
Authors: Beridze Berika , Sękiewicz Katarzyna , Walas Łukasz , Danelia Irina , Farzaliyev Vahid , Kvartskhava Giorgi , Szmyt Janusz , Dering Monika
Published: October 2023

Abstract: As many tree species populations are being degraded by climate change, adaptive conservation, and forest management, such as assisted gene flow (AGF), can provide the genetic variation needed to adapt to climate change. The core of this strategy is to assist the adaptation process in populations at risk of climate maladaptation by introducing individuals with beneficial alleles to cope with expected climate changes. Castanea sativa Mill. (sweet chestnut) is an essential component of natural forests in the Mediterranean and Caucasian regions, with a long history of cultivation. Current climate change may seriously threaten the long-term persistence of the species, particularly in the Caucasus region, where the largest range reductions are predicted. Here, we used Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to assess the feasibility of AGF in European and Caucasian populations of Castanea sativa. Bioclimatic variables for present (1981–2010) and future (2071–2100) conditions were obtained from the CHELSA climate database. The final models of future species ranges were averaged across three climate models (IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPIESM1-2-HR and UKESM1-0-L) and three climate change scenarios – SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. There are marked differences in the climatic niches of the Iberian, Alpine-Apennine, Balkan, and Caucasian populations, with significant implications for AGF. The most suitable European areas for the Caucasian populations were found only in the Adriatic region. The Iberian populations were not compatible with the predicted future climate in the Caucasus in any of the scenarios tested. Suitable areas for Alpine-Apennine populations within the AGF strategy were predicted in the Colchic lowlands, the eastern Pontic mountains and the Hyrcanian forests in the SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0 climate change scenarios. In contrast, the Balkan populations would be compatible at most with the western Pontic mountains and, to a lesser extent, with the Hyrcanian forests. According to the most damaging climate scenario SSP5-8.5, the potential of AGF in the Caucasus with Alpine-Apennine and Balkan populations could be very limited. Our study showed limited applicability of AGF for Castanea sativa between the European and Caucasian populations due to low climate match. Genomic modelling is needed to fully assess the feasibility of this strategy in the species.
Υποκειμενικότητα, σώμα και λόγος ατόμων με αυτισμό
Authors: Μαρινούδη Θεοδοσία
Published: October 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελετά τις διαδικασίες μέσα από τις οποίες τα αυτιστικά άτομα διαμορφώνουν μια αίσθηση του εαυτού, των άλλων και του ανήκειν, όπως και το ρόλο που διαδραματίζουν η γλώσσα και το σώμα στην αυτιστική εμπειρία. Διατρέχει τους επιστημονικούς λόγους που συνέβαλαν στη θέσμιση του αυτισμού ως κλινικής κατηγορίας και τις πολιτισμικές προϋποθέσεις που ενημέρωναν τους λόγους αυτούς. Οι γλωσσικές προϋποθέσεις της διαμόρφωσης πολιτισμικής ταυτότητας των μη αυτιστικών αποτελούν εμπόδια στη συμπερίληψη των αυτιστικών, καθώς η εμπειρία των τελευταίων δεν είναι πρωτίστως γλωσσικά διαμεσολαβημένη. Η αισθητηριακή τους σχέση με τη γλώσσα και ο τρόπος πρόσληψης των περιβαλλοντικών ερεθισμάτων αναδεικνύουν διαφορετικές επιστημολογίες γνώσης και αντίληψης.
Διερεύνηση της συσχέτισης χολολιθίασης και καρδιαγγειακής νόσου
Authors: Σούτης Χρήστος
Published: October 2023

Στόχος: Η χολολιθίαση και η στεφανιαία νόσος έχει αναφερθεί ότι μοιράζονται αρκετούς κοινούς παράγοντες κινδύνου. Ο στόχος αυτής της νεκροτομικής μελέτης ήταν να εξετάσει εάν υπάρχει σχέση μεταξύ της χολολιθίασης όσο και της χολοκυστεκτομής με τη στεφανιαία και κατ΄επέκταση την καρδιαγγειακή νόσο. Μεθοδολογία: Πραγματοποιήθηκε αναδρομική ανάλυση δεδομένων από νεκροτομές που διενεργήθηκαν στο Τμήμα Ιατροδικαστικής και Τοξικολογίας του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών κατά την περίοδο από 1 Ιανουαρίου 2011 έως 31 Δεκεμβρίου 2015 και αντιστοιχούν σε 5051 περιστατικά νεκροτομών. Κριτήριο αποκλεισμού από τη μελέτη ήταν η ηλικία κάτω των 35 και άνω των 65 ετών. Μετά από εφαρμογή του ηλικιακού κριτηρίου αποκλεισμού και την αφαίρεση των περιστατικών στα οποία δε μπορούσε να προσδιοριστεί η παρουσία ή μη της χοληδόχου κύστεως ή να εκτιμηθεί η στένωση των στεφανιαίων αγγείων, όπως σε περιπτώσεις προχωρημένης σήψης ή απανθράκωσης, παρέμειναν 1699 περιστατικά προς στατιστική ανάλυση. Ως σημαντική στένωση στεφανιαίου αγγείου ορίστηκε η στένωση του αυλού ίση ή μεγαλύτερη από 75% σε οποιαδήποτε κύρια στεφανιαία αρτηρία. Στη συνέχεια πραγματοποίηθηκε στατιστική ανάλυση χρησιμοποιώντας το στατιστικό κριτήριο Χ2 (chi-square) και ένα δυαδικό μοντέλο λογιστικής παλινδρόμησης (stepwise). Αποτελέσματα: Σημαντική στένωση στεφανιαίας αρτηρίας βρέθηκε σε 656 (38,6%) περιπτώσεις. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η ηλικία, το ανδρικό φύλο, η υπέρταση, το κάπνισμα (P <0,001), η παρουσία σακχαρώδους διαβήτη (P = 0,005), η υπερλιπιδαιμία (P = 0,001) και η χρήση παράνομων ναρκωτικών (P = 0,006) ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικοί προγνωστικοί παράγοντες για την παρουσία σημαντικής στένωσης στεφανιαίας αρτηρίας. Αντίθετα, η υπερβολική κατανάλωση οινοπνεύματος (P = 0,069), η χολολιθίαση (P = 0,838) και η χολοκυστεκτομή (P = 0,423) δεν βρέθηκε να σχετίζονται με σημαντική στένωση στεφανιαίας αρτηρίας. Συμπέρασμα: Από τη μελέτη δε διαπιστώθηκε σχέση μεταξύ της παρουσίας σημαντικής στένωσης στεφανιαίας αρτηρίας και της χολολιθίασης. Το ίδιο αποτέλεσμα παρατηρήθηκε όταν η χολοκυστεκτομή μελετήθηκε χωριστά. Επομένως, η χολολιθίαση και η χολοκυστεκτομή δεν μπορούν να χρησιμεύσουν ως πιθανοί προγνωστικοί παράγοντες για την ανάπτυξη στεφανιαίας νόσου. Κατ΄επέκταση, από την ανάλυση πληθυσμού του Ελλαδικού χώρου, δεν μπορεί να υποστηριχθεί συσχέτιση μεταξύ χολολιθίασης και καρδιαγγειακής νόσου. Απαιτούνται περαιτέρω μελέτες για να επικυρωθούν τα ευρήματα της παρούσας μελέτης που θα οδηγήσουν σε πιο αποτελεσματικό σχεδιασμό πρόληψης και παρακολούθηση των ασθενών, ώστε να μεγιστοποιηθεί η διαχείριση των πόρων και να μειωθεί το κόστος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης.
Integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in multimodal transportation systems
Authors: Κουρέτας Κωνσταντίνος
Published: October 2023

Συνεργατικά σχήματα μεταφορών χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως σε επιχειρήσεις διανομής πακέτων, αξιοποιώντας τα καλύτερα χαρακτηριστικά κάθε μέσου και πετυχαίνοντας καλύτερη απόδοση. Παραδόσεις τελευταίου μιλίου και η προσέγγιση δυσπρόσιτων περιοχών με περιορισμένες συνδέσεις αποτελούν ιδιαίτερες προκλήσεις. Αυτή η έρευνα βασίζεται σε ένα νέο, ευέλικτο και αρθρωτό πλαίσιο για επιχειρήσεις διανομής πακέτων με συνδυασμό Συμβατικού Οχήματων (ΣΟ) και Συστημάτων μη Επανδρωμένων Αεροσκαφών (ΣμηΕΑ). Ορισμένα πακέτα πρέπει να παραδοθούν σε Θέσεις Παράδοσης (ΘΠ), από μια Κεντρική Αποθήκη (ΚΑ). Ένα ΣΟ είναι εξοπλισμένο με πολλαπλά ΣμηΕΑ. Διάφοροι τύποι τοποθεσιών μπορούν να υποστηρίξουν την εκτόξευση και συλλογή (ανάπτυξη) ΣμηΕΑ, όλες επονομαζόμενες και Σημεία Εκτόξευσης (ΣΕ): Απομακρυσμένες Αποθήκες (ΑΑ), δηλαδή εγκαταστάσεις με διαθέσιμα ΣμηΕΑ εντός τους (όπως και εντός της ΚΑ) και Εικονικοί Κόμβοι (ΕΚ), που είναι προκαθορισμένες τοποθεσίες για ευχερή ανάπτυξη ΣμηΕΑ από τον χειριστή του ΣΟ, όπως π.χ. ανοιχτοί χώροι στάθμευσης. Βάσει χαρακτηριστικών τοποθεσίας, ορισμένες ΘΠ μπορούν επίσης να εξυπηρετήσουν ως θέσεις για ανάπτυξη ΣμηΕΑ από το ΣΟ. Για τις πτήσεις ΣμηΕΑ, λαμβάνουμε υπόψη την παρουσία Απαγορευμένων Ζωνών (ΑΖ), π.χ. λόγω αεροδρομίων και μια Πιθανοτική Πρόβλεψη Καιρού, που επίσης επηρεάζει τις πτήσεις. Οι περιοχές απαγόρευσης πτήσεων προκύπτουν από την παρουσία ΑΖ και ένα αποδεκτό ρίσκο ως προς την καιρική πρόβλεψη, συνεπώς οι διαδρομές πτήσης δεν είναι πάντα ευθείες γραμμές. Η μεθοδολογία επίλυσης περιλαμβάνει έναν ειδικά ανεπτυγμένο εμφωλευμένο γενετικό αλγόριθμο βελτιστοποίησης ανάθεσης και δρομολόγησης (Assignment and Routing Optimization nested-GA: AROnGA), για την εύρεση της βέλτιστης λύσης ανάθεσης μέσου για κάθε πακέτο και δρομολόγηση του ΣΟ κάτω από δεδομένες συνθήκες. Ο αλγόριθμος τροποποιείται επιπλέον για να εκτελέσει μια εύρωστη βελτιστοποίηση με βάση σενάρια, προσφέροντας μια λύση που αποδίδει καλά κάτω από τις περισσότερες αναμενόμενες συνθήκες. Η μεθοδολογία προσαρμόζεται σταδιακά σε περιβάλλον Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών (Geographic Information Systems – GIS), ευθυγραμμιζόμενη με την κοινή πρακτική όσον αφορά στους τύπους αρχείων εισόδου για ανάλυση δικτύων, έλεγχο εναερίου χώρου και καιρικές προβλέψεις, αξιοποιώντας τα σχετικά συνεχώς εξελισσόμενα, πολύπλοκα και ισχυρά εργαλεία ανάλυσης. Το πλαίσιο και η μεθοδολογία επίλυσης είναι χρήσιμα για στρατηγικές αποφάσεις ως προς την υποδομή και για σχεδιασμό επιχειρήσεων με ικανοποιητική απόδοση και λιγότερο ρίσκο.
The genome sequence of a digger wasp, Ectemnius continuus (Fabricius, 1804)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Ectemnius continuus (digger wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Crabronidae). The genome sequence is 260.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 14 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 27.05 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 9,835 protein coding genes.
Computer modeling in the design of a combined tool for shaping shaped surfaces
Authors: Suvorov Alexander , Kuzovkin Alexey
Published: October 2023

The article discusses issues related to the design of tools for shaping surfaces of complex shapes, characteristic of modern engineering production. Often, designers take the path of increasing the degree of curvature of the surfaces of parts in order to improve their strength, ergonomic and aesthetic properties. The analysis carried out by the authors shows the presence of significant problems when processing such surfaces using traditional shaping methods. The authors state that in some cases it is advisable to use electrical non-contact methods for processing such surfaces. In this regard, the article provides an analysis of the features of digital design of technological equipment using modern computer-aided design systems. The author's approach to the design and manufacture of an electrode-tool is proposed, taking into account its wear during operation for the formation of curved surfaces using electrical processing methods. The authors have disclosed a technique for digital modeling and setting tool parameters based on programmable dependencies associated both with the nature of the removal of a layer of material due to the influence of an electric field in the processing zone, and with the features of manufacturing the tool using additive technologies with subsequent metallization of the working surfaces of the tool.
The Benefit of the Doubt: Patent Examination Under Strategic Obfuscation
Authors: Figueroa Nicolás , Lemus Jorge
Published: October 2023

An applicant privately observes the value of an idea and files a patent application. After the examination, the patent examiner may not find conclusive evidence of the idea’s value. In this case, granting a patent can be the right decision or a mistake. Moreover, it can prompt obfuscation—effort to disrupt communication—by the applicant, reducing allocative efficiency. We show there is more obfuscation when examiners are more lenient, and we provide an empirical exercise supporting this conclusion. We also show that more examination resources do not prevent and may lead to more obfuscation. This result continues to hold when applicants can invest in knowledge to increase their chances of having good ideas. We also show that there is less obfuscation when good ideas are harder to find.

This paper was accepted by Ilia Tsetlin, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: N. Figueroa gratefully acknowledges financial support from ANID PIA/APOYO AFB220003.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00140 .
Finding Hall Blockers by Matrix Scaling
Authors: Hayashi Koyo , Hirai Hiroshi , Sakabe Keiya
Published: October 2023

Given a nonnegative matrix [Formula: see text], the matrix scaling problem asks whether A can be scaled to a doubly stochastic matrix [Formula: see text] for some positive diagonal matrices D1, D2. The Sinkhorn algorithm is a simple iterative algorithm, which repeats row-normalization [Formula: see text] and column-normalization [Formula: see text] alternatively. By this algorithm, A converges to a doubly stochastic matrix in limit if and only if the bipartite graph associated with A has a perfect matching. This property can decide the existence of a perfect matching in a given bipartite graph G, which is identified with the 0, 1-matrix AG. Linial et al. (2000) showed that [Formula: see text] iterations for AG decide whether G has a perfect matching. Here, n is the number of vertices in one of the color classes of G. In this paper, we show an extension of this result. If G has no perfect matching, then a polynomial number of the Sinkhorn iterations identifies a Hall blocker—a vertex subset X having neighbors [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], which is a certificate of the nonexistence of a perfect matching. Specifically, we show that [Formula: see text] iterations can identify one Hall blocker and that further polynomial iterations can also identify all parametric Hall blockers X of maximizing [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. The former result is based on an interpretation of the Sinkhorn algorithm as alternating minimization for geometric programming. The latter is on an interpretation as alternating minimization for Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence and on its limiting behavior for a nonscalable matrix. We also relate the Sinkhorn limit with parametric network flow, principal partition of polymatroids, and the Dulmage–Mendelsohn decomposition of a bipartite graph.

Funding: K. Hayashi was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Grant JP19J22605]. H. Hirai was supported by Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology [Grant JPMJPR192A].
MALTRATO A PERSONAS MAYORES, UN PROBLEMA SOCIAL SILENCIADO: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA
Authors: Guillém Saiz Javier , Remón Piñero Yuraimi , Lacomba-Trejo Laura
Published: October 2023

El maltrato a personas mayores es un problema de salud pública mundial, sin embargo, los estudios de prevalencia son escasos. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y analizar los estudios publicados sobre la prevalencia de maltrato en personas mayores de 60 años. Se realizo una revisión sistemática en: PubMed, WorldWide Sience, Dialnet y Cochrane Library. Los resultados partieron de 370 estudios, para finalmente seleccionar debido a los criterios de inclusión, 12 estudios. Nuestros resultados indicaron una prevalencia de 0,10 % a 100 %, dependiendo del tipo de malos tratos. Las tipologías más frecuentes fueron: negligencia, maltrato físico, psicológico, económico y sexual. La edad, el ser mujer, tener bajos recursos económicos y culturales, padecer una afectación de salud física o emocional, se asociaron consistentemente con el abuso. Nuestros datos muestran una gran prevalencia de malos tratos en personas mayores, así como la necesidad de atender socialmente a este colectivo.
ESQUEMAS COTIDIANOS PARA EL TRABAJO SOCIAL DE CASOS
Authors: Ubierna Martín Laina
Published: October 2023

Existe una distancia entre la fase de formación o universitaria y el momento de ejercicio profesional en el mundo laboral. Cuestiones como la excesiva carga de trabajo, la amplísima normativa que rige las actuaciones, los dosieres que marcan cómo tienen que realizarse las intervenciones según un modelo determinado, la carga emocional propia de la profesión y la falta de servicios, entre otros, afectan de forma negativa al bienestar profesional (Mestre, 2015). Este artículo intenta ordenar algunos de los procesos claves para la intervención profesional. En concreto, las fases del proceso de intervención y el diagnóstico social. Pretende ser un dosier que se pueda consultar de forma rápida y sirva de mapa para el ejercicio desde la identidad profesional.
ANÁLISIS INICIAL DE UN CENTRO ASISTENCIAL PSICOGERIÁTRICO, SEGÚN LA PERSPECTIVA DEL MODELO DE ATENCIÓN CENTRADA EN LA PERSONA
Authors: Gummà Serra Elsa , Donio Bellegarde Nunes Mónica
Published: October 2023

Los centros de mayores están cambiando gradualmente desde la Atención Centrada en el Servicio (ACS), a la Atención Centrada en la Persona (ACP). La ACP es una alternativa residencial de expansión creciente, que promueve el deseo expresado por una gran mayoría de mayores; la voluntad de envejecer en su hogar o, en su defecto, en un espacio diseñado en base a un modelo de hogar. Este trabajo evalúa de manera multidimensional un centro asistencial psicogeriátrico según el modelo de ACP–Modelo de Atención Centrado en la Persona (MACP), midiendo tres aspectos clave: el espacio ambiental, la percepción de los/as profesionales y la de las personas residentes. Posteriormente, se realiza un informe DAFO que se completa con un análisis CAME (Corregir, Afrontar, Mantener y Explotar). El estudio de los resultados se convertirá en una herramienta clave para futuras propuestas de cambio en el propio centro analizado y en otros de características similares, aportando claves y pautas para su adaptación y contribuyendo a facilitar la conversión gradual al MACP. El trabajo determina que, tanto residentes como profesionales del centro tienen una visión positiva de los cuidados que reciben y prestan, respectivamente. A nivel organizativo y ambiental, se concluye que son necesarias algunas mejoras para la adaptación al modelo.
La representación de la prensa valenciana sobre la violencia de género
Authors: Canet Benavent, Encarna , Caravantes López de Lerma, Glòria
Published: October 2023

Los medios de comunicación tienen un papel de gran relevancia en la construcción e imaginario de los fenómenos sociales, tanto por su función informativa como pedagógica. La violencia de género (VG) en los medios de comunicación no constituye un caso aislado. El presente artículo analiza la representación de las noticias de VG en el ámbito de la Comunidad Valenciana. Para ello, se han revisado las noticias de dos periódicos valencianos de acuerdo con distintos criterios de búsqueda. Entre los resultados obtenidos, destacan significativamente aquellas noticias cuyo tema central son estadísticas, informes y detenciones; y, respecto al tratamiento de la información, son significativas las noticias sobre el recuento de víctimas, los recursos y el fenómeno de la VG como problema social. Las conclusiones principalmente giran en torno a la necesidad de abogar por un tratamiento multidimensional de la VG con fuentes de información expertas y eliminando el carácter sensacionalista de las noticias en la materia.
La Brecha digital entre la población migrante de origen africano: un estudio en Vitoria-Gasteiz
Authors: Zabala Calvo Maitane
Published: October 2023

El auge de las TICs e Internet en las sociedades actuales conlleva que el acceso y uso de estas sea cada vez más imprescindible para la vida cotidiana. Los cambios tecnológicos nos señalan una tendencia a la telematización, que engloba desde la realización de trámites con las administraciones públicas, a la búsqueda de empleo o la formación, entre otros. Sin embargo, hay quienes carecen de medios de acceso o de conocimientos para su uso, lo que genera una brecha, que se convierte en motivo de exclusión, no sólo digital, sino también social. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se plantea conocer cómo inciden la inclusión y la exclusión digital en las personas migrantes, destacando tanto las potencialidades y beneficios que les aporta el acceso y uso de las TICs e Internet para su proceso de integración sociolaboral y formativa, como visibilizando las consecuencias de no hacer uso de estas herramientas. Este artículo corresponde a una síntesis del Trabajo de Fin de Máster Oficial de Políticas Sociales e Intervención Sociocomunitaria de la especialidad en Migraciones Internacionales de la Universidad de A Coruña, tutorizado por Raquel Martínez Buján.
Putting patients at the centre of clinical decision making: BSGNA update
Authors: Radford Shellie J , Rohatinsky Noelle
Published: October 2023

Shellie J Radford and Noelle Rohatinsky from the BSGNA examine the need to address the patient experience when treating inflammatory bowel disease
Bowel preparation for endoscopy: an overview
Authors: Harris Gemma
Published: October 2023

A clear bowel is essential to a successful lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Therefore, nurses are required to select and inform patients about bowel preparations in order to achieve this. This may involve patients drinking a solution, such as CitraFleet® and Picolax®, Citramag® or KLEAN-PREP®, MOVIPREP® and PLENVU®. This article aims to outline and discuss these, including their efficacy and safety, to support nurses in achieving adequate bowel cleansing and safe and effective lower gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.
Contributions to Medon Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) fauna of Turkey; a new species and additional records
Authors: ÖRGEL SEMİH , ANLAŞ SİNAN , ÇİÇEK KERİM
Published: October 2023

In the study, Medon turcicus sp. nov. from Yıldız Mountain in Sivas province, central northern Anatolia, Turkey, is described, illustrated, and separated from related congeners. The distribution of the new species is mapped. Additional Turkish records of seven Medon species, all earlier known from Turkey, are reported. Accounting for a new species, a total of 23 species of Medon are now known from Turkey.
Učinkovitost uvođenja potpomognute komunikacije kod djeteta s prirođenim malformacijama mozga
Authors: Orlić Patricia , Ivšac Pavliša Jasmina , Popčević Klara
Published: October 2023

The clinical population of children with congenital brain malformations is very heterogeneous, being defined by the location and severity of the damaged part of the brain. Developmental profiles range from severe intellectual difficulties and inability to express through speech to milder clinical presentation that imply difficulties in the development of communication, language and speech. Children with congenital brain malformations often rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods which enable them to express themselves or better understand language.    The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of communication, language and speech in a boy with congenital brain malformations and primary microcephaly and to determine the effectiveness of the introduction of augmentative and alternative communication on his communication, language and speech development. The speech therapy intervention was organized for 5 months. A low-tech tool (a communication book) and a high-tech communication tool (a nonspecialized tablet) were used to achieve the set goals of the intervention. Communication development was recorded using video analysis, and comprehension and word production data were collected using the MacArthur—Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI). During the five months of intervention, positive changes were observed in the boys': a) patterns of communication functions, i.e., the frequency with which he communicate for specific functions, b) language production: increase in vocabulary size and language complexity, and c) use of speech as a primary mean of communication. The changes in communication tool use pattern, particularly the significant gains in the use of speech after the introduction of augmentative and alternative communication, are consistent with previous research on the importance of augmentative and alternative communication as an evidence-based intervention.
Symptoms and signs of kidney diseases in children during COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia
Authors: Tolar Lucija , Kopač Matjaž
Published: October 2023

Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms and signs of kidney diseases in children in Slovenia and to gain insight into the burden of kidney diseases in children at the primary care level at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.    Methods: The study methodology was cross-sectional. Data were obtained via an anonymous online questionnaire sent to all primary care paediatricians in Slovenia via e-mail. An exact binomial test was used for each symptom case in order to determine whether the proportion of symptoms and/or signs in the sample deviates from the "theoretical" prevalence reported in the literature.    Results: Data were obtained from 65 paediatricians and 9829 evaluated children were included in the study. The proportion of children with some symptoms and signs of kidney diseases, mostly found incidentally, such as haematuria, proteinuria and hypertension were lower than previously described in the literature. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of symptoms and signs suggesting serious kidney diseases, such as oedema or persistent proteinuria. The most common cause of children's visit to the outpatient clinics at the primary care level due to symptoms and signs of kidney diseases was urinary tract infection.    Conclusions: Children with serious kidney diseases were identified as commonly as described in the literature, despite the COVID-19 pandemic. The latter influenced negatively the discovery rate of symptoms and signs of kidney diseases that are found incidentally, such as haematuria, proteinuria and hypertension.
Sub-ps 25 GHz Pulses Generated Using an Amorphous Silicon Waveguide
Authors: Girouard Peter , Zheng Yafu , Galili Michael , Oxenløwe Leif K.
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate the first temporal compression of a GHz repetition rate comb using amorphous silicon waveguides, achieving two-fold compression to generate 500 fs duration pulses.
Monolithic Integration of III-V Quantum Dot Lasers on SOI
Authors: Yang Bo , Wei Wen-Qi , He An , Wang Zi-Hao , Huang Jing-Zhi , Han Dong , Ming Ming , Guo Xu-Han , Su Yi-Kai , Zhang Jian-Jun , Wang Ting
Published: October 2023

We integrated InAs QD lasers on trenched SOI platforms, enabling monolithic integration with butt-coupled waveguides. We have achieved high-performance lasers with a maximum output power of 6.8 mW and a coupling efficiency of -6.7 dB.
Ultra-compact and Efficient Photonic Waveguide Bends with Different Configurations Designed by Topology Optimization
Authors: Irfan Sabaina , kurt Hamza
Published: October 2023

Sharp silicon photonic waveguide bends with footprint as small as 1.5x1.5µm are designed by means of topology optimization. The inverse design algorithm leads to decrease in insertion loss by almost 50% compared to conventional bends.
A MEMS tunable phase monitor with integrated photodiode read-out for silicon photonic circuits
Authors: Edinger Pierre , Takabayashi Alain Yuji , Antony Cleitus , Verheyen Peter , Khan Umar , Bogaerts Wim , Quack Niels , Gylfason Kristinn B.
Published: October 2023

Electrostatic MEMS provide low power consumption to programmable photonics. However, the scaling of programmable photonics also requires solutions for circuit monitoring. We demonstrate a MEMS tunable phase monitor with integrated read-out on a foundry platform.
Lens-Assisted Two-Dimensional Receiver Based on Grating Array for Wide Angle Detection
Authors: Yoon Jinhyeong , Kim Jae-Yong , Yoon Hyeonho , Kim Junhyeong , Park Hyo-Hoon , Kurt Hamza
Published: October 2023

We propose a receiver based on a two-dimensional silicon grating array for guiding light into a single-mode waveguide. Experimentally, a high field-of-view of ±10°; and a power gain of 52 dB were achieved.
Broadband terahertz parametric spectrometer
Authors: Blanchard F. , Mine S. , Sebastian R. R. , Guiramand L. , Gandubert G. , Ropagnol X. , Murate K.
Published: October 2023

We have developed a method for detecting broadband terahertz (THz) pulses using a lithium niobate (LN) crystal in a non-collinear phase matching geometry by parametric process. Counter-intuitively, our results show the ability to spatially separate the converted broadband signal with a resolution of a few GHz, thus demonstrating the parametric spectrometer function. This result is remarkable and will have a significant impact on the advanced detection of THz light, whether for spectroscopy or ultrafast transmission of information.
Subwavelength silicon metamaterials for high-performance and fabrication-tolerant power splitting
Authors: de Cabo Raquel Fernández , Vilas Jaime , Velasco Aitor V. , Cheben Pavel , González-Andrade David
Published: October 2023

We exploit the new degrees of freedom offered by subwavelength grating metamaterials to demonstrate two novel Y–junction power-splitting architectures for the silicon-on-insulator platform, achieving ultra-broadband and fabrication-tolerant performance.
Optimization of holding beam for low-distortion amplification of 16-QAM signal using SOA
Authors: Krishna Mrudula , Venkitesh Deepa
Published: October 2023

Holding beam(HB) reduces amplitude and phase distortions in amplifying modulated signal using SOA. We present the experimental analysis of HB optimization for 32 Gbaud 16-QAM signal to maximise the signal gain while minimising the BER.
A Dither-free Multi-channel Any-point Bias Controller for DWDM Systems with Time Based Polling
Authors: J Sreeraj S , Koilpillai David , Venkitesh Deepa
Published: October 2023

A dither-free, any-point multi-channel bias controller for three DWDM channels is demonstrated experimentally. The three different modulators are biased at distinct bias points simultaneously, using a single optical power sensing circuit for the modulator outputs.
Hot electron scattering research in Al-doped ZnO
Authors: Chen Conglong
Published: October 2023

The different electron scattering in AZO under intraband excitation was investigated through transient transmittance and reflectance. The electron impurity scattering was probed to play a vital role in the hot carrier relaxation process.
Free Space Optical Communication for Vibration Sensing of Multiple-Channel Fiber Bragg Grating Array
Authors: Yao Cheng-Kai , Manie Yibeltal Chanie , Peng Peng-Chun
Published: October 2023

Fiber-optic sensors are vital for vibration detection of public buildings, but topographic constraints make installation problematic. Integrating Free-space optical links with sensors is proposed here to overcome the topography constraints and to detect multipoint vibrations.
Multi-layer optimization for QKD and key management networks
Authors: Wenning Mario , Samonaki Maria , Patri Sai Kireet , Fehenberger Tobias , Mas-Machuca Carmen
Published: October 2023

The maturity and developments of quantum key distribution (QKD) enable its application for encrypting dense wavelength-division multiplexing networks (DWDMNs), ensuring security in the presence of scalable quantum computers. The potential infrastructure reuse and costly deployment of a QKD network (QKDN) require jointly optimized deployment and utilization. We develop and solve a multi-layer problem formulation that fulfills the required keys of the DWDMN demands with the cost-minimized QKDN and maximized reuse of the present infrastructure. Our approach proves the feasibility of currently available QKD devices to encrypt nation-wide DWDMN with multi-period network planning. Furthermore, we compare static and dynamic routing approaches to quantify the advantage of software-defined networking for key management networks (KMNs). Depending on the network load, our multi-layer optimization shows potential savings between 9% and 45% of QKD devices compared to the baseline. Additionally optimizing the operation with dynamic routing increases the performance further, but the gain is negligible for encrypting DWDMNs.
All-digital quantum ghost imaging: tutorial
Authors: Moodley Chané , Forbes Andrew
Published: October 2023

Quantum ghost imaging offers many advantages over classical imaging, including the ability to probe an object with one wavelength and record the image with another, while low photon fluxes offer the ability to probe objects with fewer photons, thereby avoiding photo-damage to light sensitive structures such as biological organisms. Progressively, ghost imaging has advanced from single-pixel scanning systems to two-dimensional (2D) digital projective masks, which offer a reduction in image reconstruction times through shorter integration times. In this tutorial, we describe the essential ingredients in an all-digital quantum ghost imaging experiment and guide the user on important considerations and choices to make, aided by practical examples of implementation. We showcase several image reconstruction algorithms using two different 2D projective mask types and discuss the utility of each. We additionally discuss a notable artifact of a specific reconstruction algorithm and projective mask combination and detail how this artifact can be used to retrieve an image signal heavily buried under artifacts. Finally, we end with a brief discussion on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques used to reduce image reconstruction times. We believe that this tutorial will be a useful guide to those wishing to enter the field, as well as those already in the field who wish to introduce AI and machine learning to their toolbox.
Optical quadrature squeezing via the Faraday effect in cavity optomagnonics
Authors: Pan Xin , Liu Shao-Peng , Shui Tao , Yang Wen-Xing
Published: October 2023

Coherently manipulating quadrature squeezing is highly desired for precision measurement applications, but remains challenging due to an inaccessible standard quantum limit in most micro- and nanostructures. Here, we propose an efficient scheme to generate quadrature squeezing in a cavity optomagnonical system. Taking the magnon–photon interaction induced by the Faraday effect into consideration, we report that a strong quadrature squeezing can be achieved in the effective resonant cavity modes that obey the mode-splitting theory of Bogoliubov transformation. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we illustrate that increasing the magnon–photon coupling strength or input field intensity contributes to improving both the output spectral intensity and the amount of squeezing of the spectra, where perfect squeezing is only located at the position of the single resonant cavity mode. Interestingly enough, the nearly perfect quadrature squeezing at the double frequencies of the effective resonant cavity modes can be achieved by adjusting the input field frequency and intensity.
The Potential of Data Augmentation for Failure Management in Optical Networks
Authors: Sambo N. , Khan L. Zar , Pedro J. , Costa N. , De Marinis L. , Napoli A.
Published: October 2023

This paper highlights the benefits of data augmentation in enhancing the accuracy and reducing the complexity of neural networks used for failure identification in optical networks. The obtained results demonstrate significant improvements.
A Comparative Study on Routing Selection Algorithms for Dynamic Planning of EONs over C+L Bands
Authors: Arpanaei F. , Rivas-Moscoso J. M. , Zefreh M. Ranjbar , Hernández J. A. , Fernández- Palacios J. P. , Larrabeiti D.
Published: October 2023

The performance of three routing selection algorithms is compared in terms of bandwidth blocking probability, quality of transmission, and run time in EONs over the C+L band. The min-max frequency algorithm shows the best performance on all metrics.
Turbulence-Robust Free-Space Optical Transmission Assisted by a Pilot Beam
Authors: Zhang Runzhou , Willner Alan E.
Published: October 2023

We review the recently reported pilot-assisted self-coherent detection approaches that can enable turbulence-resilient free-space optical communications.
Wideband 102.7 km Raman Amplified Link Study
Authors: Puttnam B. J. , Rademacher G. , Luis R. S. , Furukawa H.
Published: October 2023

We experimentally optimize a hybrid Raman and doped fiber amplified 102.7 km fiber span with a 19.3 THz, S/C/L-band signal, observing different optimal per-band launch powers when applying backward-only and bi-directional Raman pumps.
Compact Single Sideband Transmitter Based on Dual Modulation
Authors: Kim Hoon , Tianwai
Published: October 2023

We present our recent progress on optical single-sideband transmitter based on dual modulation of a directly modulated laser and an electro-absorption modulator, which can be fabricated in cost-effective and compact manners by monolithic integration.
High-Q germanium whispering gallery mode microresonators for mid-IR
Authors: Tebeneva Tatiana S. , Shitikov Artem E. , Min’kov Kirill N. , Benderov Oleg V. , Lobanov Valery E. , Kaplunov Ivan A. , Bilenko Igor A.
Published: October 2023

We have fabricated high-Q whispering gallery mode microresonators from crystalline germanium. The quality factor of 107 was demonstrated at the 2.68 µm pump wavelength which is to date the highest ever recorded for Ge microresonators.
Anisotropic Photonics with Single-Crystal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Volkov Valentyn S.
Published: October 2023

In spite of recent advances in the field, the achievement of continuous tunability of optical anisotropy remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we present a solution to the problem through the chemical alteration of halogen atoms in single-crystal halide perovskites. Our results reveal that this anisotropy could be in-plane and out-of-plane depending on perovskite shape - rectangular and square. As a practical demonstration, we have created perovskite anisotropic nanowaveguides and shown a significant impact of anisotropy on high-order guiding modes. These findings pave the way for halide perovskites as a next-generation platform for tunable anisotropic photonics.
Manufacturing of Breathable, Washable, and Fabric-Integrated Thermoregulatory Composite Materials Inspired by Squid Skin
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Leung Erica M. , Badshah Mohsin Ali , Gorodetsky Alon A.
Published: October 2023

Thermal management is critical for the operation of many modern technologies. We have developed squid-skin-inspired composite materials with thermoregulability, breathability, washability, and fabric compatibility. Due to such functionalities, our materials appear suitable for wearable applications.
Wavefront reconstruction of a non-diffracting structured laser beam
Authors: Dusek Martin , Gayde Jean-Christophe , Sulc Miroslav
Published: October 2023

The Structured Laser Beam (SLB) is a pseudo-non-diffracting laser beam that shares many characteristics with a Bessel beam. However, it can theoretically propagate over an unlimited distance while maintaining an extremely low inner core divergence of only 0.01 mrad. This makes it a promising candidate for precise long-distance alignment applications such as the alignment of particle accelerator components at CERN. In this work, a novel method to assess the symmetrical wavefront aberrations induced by an SLB generator is presented. Our approach is based on the analysis of a single-intensity distribution of an SLB. The coefficients of the Zernike polynomials are estimated using artificial intelligence before least-squares fitting is used to refine the result. This approach ensures that the fitting avoids local minima. This method provides a novel way to analyze the optical aberrations induced by the SLB generator.
Silicon nitride TM-pass polarizer using inverse design
Authors: Pita Ruiz Julian L. , Nabki Frederic , Ménard Michaël
Published: October 2023

Integrated silicon nitride polarizers play a critical role in the design of complex integrated devices such as filters, switches, and large Mach-Zehnder interferometer networks. These devices require precise control of both polarizations on a single circuit. In addition, polarizers are essential to accurately characterize these devices, primarily due to the low efficiency and polarization extinction ratio (PER) of the surface coupling gratings used in CMOS-compatible silicon nitride platforms for test-specific optical I/O. In this article, we present the design and experimental performance of six prototypes of TE-reflector/TM-pass polarizers specifically optimized for the C-band. These prototypes resemble subwavelength gratings with several additional intricate aspects. In particular, the longer prototypes feature two distinct regions, one representing non-intuitive tapers and the other showcasing a more distinct subwavelength grating. We achieve a high TM transmission efficiency of −0.28 dB along with a PER of 18.2 dB. These results are obtained with a device occupying an area as low as 11 µm × 2 µm, setting a new performance benchmark for compact polarizers compatible with standard silicon nitride platforms.
High-security three-dimensional optical transmission mechanism utilizing time-frequency-space interleaving disruption
Authors: Cui Jie , Liu Bo , Ren Jianxin , Mao Yaya , Wu Xiangyu , Chen Shuaidong , Zhao Linong , Li Ying , Guo Zeqian , Zhou Shuyu , Xu Dongdong , Jiang Lei , Zhang Juntao
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we propose a high-security three-dimensional optical transmission system utilizing time-frequency-space interleaving chaos, which simultaneously enhances the reliability and security of the system. The four-wing 3D chaos model encrypts the time-frequency space interleaved modulation domain of a orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulation signal and the modulated phase information simultaneously, improving the system's security. We also experimentally validate the proposed high-security 3D-OTFS method, utilizing the hexadecimal modulation technique. The modulated OTFS signal achieves a transmission rate of 34.1 Gb/s over a 2-km seven-core fiber link, with the OTFS signal exhibiting a maximum of 1.31 dB receiver sensitivity gain compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals under the forward error correction threshold of the bit error rate. The achieved keyspace is equal to 5 × 1048. The findings demonstrate that the proposed high-security three-dimensional optical transmission mechanism, based on time-frequency-space interleaved disruption, exhibits excellent anti-interference ability and confidentiality performance. Consequently, it holds promising prospects for future applications in optical communications.
Fabricating and investigating a beveled mesa with a specific inclination angle to improve electrical and optical performances for GaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chu Chunshuang , Jia Yaru , Hang Sheng , Chen Yongfei , Jia Tong , Tian KangKai , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: October 2023

In this Letter, beveled mesas for 30 × 30 µm2 GaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) with different inclination angles are designed, fabricated, and measured. We find that µLED with a mesa inclination angle of 28° has the lowest internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and the highest injection current density at which the peak IQE is obtained. This is due to the increased quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) at the mesa edge. The increased QCSE results from the strong electric field coupling effect. Instead of radiative recombination, more nonradiative recombination and leakage current will be generated in the sidewall regions. Besides, the smallest angle (28°) also produces the lowest light extraction efficiency (LEE), which arises from the optical loss caused by the sidewall reflection at the beveled surface sides. Therefore, the inclination angle for the beveled mesa has to be increased to 52° and 61° by using Ni and SiO2 as hard masks, respectively. Experimental and numerical results show that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the optical power can be enhanced for the fabricated devices. Meanwhile, the reduced surface recombination rate also decreases the leakage current.
Electromagnetic heating-assisted metasurface for stably tunable, fast-responding chiroptics
Authors: Zong Shu , Cai Shijie , Zeng Dongwen , Liu Guiqiang , Liu Xiaoshan , Du Wei , Liu Zhengqi
Published: October 2023

Herein, a graphene–dielectric metasurface with the function of stably tunable and fast responding on the chiroptics is theoretically investigated and numerically demonstrated. Via utilizing the intrinsic thermo-optical effect of the silicon, the circular dichroism (CD) peak position can be linearly scaled with a spectral sensitivity of up to 0.06 nm/K by artificially adjusting the temperature. Moreover, a perfectly adjusting manipulation with a wavelength shift of full width at half maximum for the resonant spectrum and the simultaneously maintained CD values can be realized by a slight temperature variation of ∼0.8 K. Additionally, we take a graphene layer as the heating source to actually demonstrate the ultra-fast thermal generation. Applying an input voltage of 2 V to the graphene with only 10 µs can rapidly increase the metasurface temperature of up to 550 K. Such performances hold the platform with wide applications in functional chiroptics and optoelectronics.