bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: from asymptomatic changes in geometry and function to overt heart failure
Authors: Cioffi Giovanni , Tarantini Luigi , Faggiano Pompilio , Pulignano Giovanni , Russo Giulia , Di Lenarda Andrea
Published: October 2015

A bidirectional relationship between kidney and heart function is present in all stages of cardiac and renal disease, from the asymptomatic phase of left ventricular systolic dysfunction to overt heart failure, as well as from the initial reduction of glomerular filtration rate to end-stage kidney disease, respectively. The simultaneous presence of both diseases has a significant impact on prognosis and requires specific therapeutic strategies. The early recognition of abnormalities of renal and myocardial function may have a relevant influence on management of combination of these conditions.
A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial on short-term feasibility and impact on functional capacity, symptoms and neurohumoral activation
Authors: Mezzani Alessandro , Cacciatore Francesco , Catanzaro Raffaella , Gualco Alessandra , Guzzetti Daniela , Leosco Dario , Monelli Mauro , Tarro Genta Franco , Totaro Paolo , Traversi Egidio , Zanelli Emanuela , Giannuzzi Pantaleo
Published: October 2015

RE-START is a multicenter, randomized, prospective, open, controlled trial aiming to evaluate the feasibility and the short- and medium-term effects of an earlystart AET program on functional capacity, symptoms and neurohormonal activation in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with recent acute hemodynamic decompensation. Study endpoints will be: 1) safety of and compliance to AET; 2) effects of AET on i) functional capacity, ii) patient- reported symptoms and iii) AET-induced changes in beta-adrenergic receptor signaling and circulating angiogenetic and inflammatory markers. Two-hundred patients, randomized 1:1 to training (TR) or control (C), will be enrolled. Inclusion criteria: 1) history of systolic CHF for at least 6 months, with ongoing acute decompensation with need of intravenous diuretic and/or vasodilator therapy; 2) proBNP >1000 pg/ml at admission. Exclusion criteria: 1) ongoing cardiogenic shock; 2) need of intravenous inotropic therapy; 3) creatinine >2.5 mg/dl at admission. After a 72-hour run-in period, TR will undergo the following 12-day early-start AET protocol: days 1-2: active/passive mobilization (2 sessions/day, each 30 minutes duration); days 3-4: as days 1-2 + unloaded bedside cycle ergometer (3 sessions/day, each 5-10 minutes duration); days 5-8: as days 1-2 + unloaded bedside cycle ergometer (3 sessions/day, each 15-20 minutes duration); days 9-12: as days 1-2 + bedside cycle ergometer at 10-20 W (3 sessions/day, each 15-20 minutes duration). During the same period, C will undergo the same activity protocol as in days 1-2 for TR. All patients will undergo a 6- minWT at day 1, 6, 12 and 30 and echocardiogram, patient- reported symptoms on 7-point Likert scale and measurement of lymphocyte G protein coupled receptor kinase, VEGF, angiopoietin, TNF alfa, IL-1, IL-6 and eNOS levels at day 1, 12 and 30.
Preoperative evaluation before non cardiac surgery in subjects older than 65 years
Authors: Mureddu Gian Francesco , Faggiano Pompilio , Fattirolli Francesco
Published: October 2015

Non cardiac surgery is becoming increasingly common in elderly patients; they are usually affected by overt cardiac disease or show multiple risk factors, responsible for a higher incidence of perioperative fatal or nonfatal cardiac events. Of interest, acute myocardial infarction occurring in the perioperative period shows a high mortality rate in people over 65 years old. The cardiovascular risk stratification and perioperative management of subjects undergoing noncardiac surgery have been recently updated in the 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines. However, several critical points still lack of strong evidence and are based on expert opinions only. For example, the use of drugs, such as betablockers, before, during and after the surgery, presents many uncertainties regarding the selection of patients more likely to benefit, dosage and duration of therapy, and effects on outcome. Data on elderly patients undergoing non cardiac surgery are scarce. Accordingly, a prospective registry enrolling a large number of aged subjects undergoing non cardiac surgery (particularly at high or intermediate risk) should be able to give us adequate insights on the management strategies currently used, on the incidence of death or cardiovascular events in the postoperative period and on the areas of potential improvement in care. Furthermore, the effects on outcome of structured programs of Guidelines implementation in the clinical practice of cardiologists, anesthesiologists and other health personnel involved in perioperative care, could be positive and should be evaluated.
Multidisciplinary team in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention, from the assessment to the education: an educational project
Authors: Da Vico Letizia , Ciompi Maddalena , Schininà Francesca , Sogaro Elena , Mannelli Weruska , Cortini Sandro
Published: October 2015

The authors explain the training project: “Multidisciplinarity in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention: from the evaluation to the therapeutic education”, the rationale and purpose of a pathway for patients with ischemic heart disease treated in the acute phase with both medical and surgical means, and then placed in a rehabilitation program. The training project was transformed into a learning event for the Region of Sicily and later for the Region of Tuscany that has adopted it, encouraging the spread over the entire region. It highlights the role of the team, which focuses on the patient, converging on it multidisciplinary expertise whose goal is the reintegration of the subjects in their lifecontext, with appropriate evaluation, treatment and changes in lifestyle. From the valuations and declining the specific interventions to each job profile according to the principle of synergy obtained by multi-professional integration. All phases of the training project (assessment, intervention, evaluation) are addressed by each of the professionals (nurse, dietitian, physiotherapist, psychologist) that under the responsibility of the cardiologist realize, within the welfare, a concrete process of therapeutic education from which no one can ignore the “vision” of a global care of the patient.
Neurocognitive profile of patients with continuous flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Simoni David , Rafanelli Martina , Ungar Andrea , Mossello Enrico , Marchionni Niccolò , Baldasseroni Samuele
Published: October 2015

The increase of severe heart failure and the consequent reduction of the organ availability for transplantation has led to, in recent years, the introduction of the LVAD as replacement therapy to heart transplantation. Severe Heart Failure patients show cognitive deficits in various domains especially in executive functions, memory and speed of proceedings, due to different neurophysiopathological processes including chronic hypoperfusion and subsequent damage to hippocampal and para-hippocampal cortical areas. It is also known that these deficits improve after heart transplantation. We carried out a literature review selecting studies that analyzed the cognitive changes in patients with severe heart failure after implantation of the Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device. According to the inclusion criteria, we selected four studies since 2005 that presented a comprehensive neurocognitive assessment. The results show that the cognitive profile, with the implantation of LVAD improves in memory and executive domains, and this improvements results stable in short- medium time. The effects would also be independent of the type of flow produced by the device (pulsatile vs continuous). We believe that further studies are required to explore the relationship between LVAD and cognitive function in severe heart failure.
Physiotherapists education and competences for Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Cortini Sandro , Fabbri Daniela
Published: October 2015

Authors show a summary of educational programs in Physiotherapy at the present time in Italy, just regarding Cardiac Rehabilitation, treated usually too shortly and in a not homogenous way between the various academic awarding institution and suffering for the italian general educational system misaligned with the others european partners. They presents, according with ICF rules and with accreditated organization, the essential competences required for that health professional to deal with accountability needs and problems in Cardiac Rehabilitation, with enphasis about the low appeal of the discipline by the physiotherapist even though her great epidemiologic relevance.
First definition of Minimal Care model: the role of nurses, physiotherapists, dietitians and psychologists in preventive and rehabilitative cardiology
Authors: Bettinardi Ornella , Da Vico Letizia , Pierobon Antonia , Iannucci Manuela , Maffezzoni Barbara , Borghi Silvana , Ferrari Marina , Brazzo Silvia , Mazza Antonio , Sommaruga Marinella , Angelino Elisabetta , Biffi Barbara , Agostini Susanna , Masini Maria Luisa , Ambrosetti Marco , Faggiano Pompilio , Griffo Raffaele
Published: October 2015

Rehabilitative and preventive cardiology (CRP) is configured as intervention prevention to “gain health” through a process of multifactorial care that reduces disability and the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. It makes use of an interdisciplinary team in which every professional needs to have multiple intervention paths because of the different levels of clinical and functional complexity of cardiac patients who currently have access to the rehabilitation. The document refers to the use of interventions by nurses, physiotherapists, dietitians and psychologists that are part of the rehabilitation team of CRP. Interventions of which have been documented, on scientific bases and clinical practice, empirical effectiveness and organizational efficiency. The methodological approach of this paper is a first attempt to define, through the model of consensus, the minimum standards for a CRP evidence based characterized by clearly defined criteria that can be used by operators of CRP. The document describes the activities to be carried out in each of the phases included in the pathways of care by nurses, physiotherapists, dietitians and psychologists. The routes identified were divided, according to the type of patients who have access to the CRP and to the phases of care, including the initial assessment, intervention, evaluation and final reporting, in high medium and low complexity. Examples of models of reporting, used by the operators of the team according to the principles of good clinical practice, are provided. This is made to allow traceability of operations, encourage communication inside the working group and within the patient and the caregiver. Also to give any possible indication for the post-rehabilitation.
Obstructive sleep apnea: one more target in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: La Rovere Maria Teresa , Fanfulla Francesco , Febo Oreste
Published: October 2015

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder, often unrecognized and undiagnosed, in patients with established cardiovascular diseases. Considerable evidence is now available in support of a significant association between OSA and increased risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity. OSA has also been recognised as a potential public health issue associated with societal consequences including accidents and work economics. Treatment of OSA would reduce cardiovascular risk and the overall usage of health care resources. OSA might be a modifiable risk factor and screening for OSA should be implemented in cardiac rehabilitation settings.
A case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with cardiopulmonary involvement
Authors: Tan Guang Ming
Published: October 2015

Henoch-Shönlein purpura (HSP) commonly affects the kidney, causing hematuria and Immunoglobulin A type nephropathy. Extra-renal involvements are rare but can be life threatening if missed. Cardiac involvement has been described only in a handful of case reports. Although HSP is predominantly a pediatric disease, it should not be overlooked in older patients presenting with typical triad of symptoms. We report a rare case of HSP with both cardiac of pulmonary systems involvement and his clinical progress
Atrial myxoma in a primigravida presenting as Raynaud’s phenomenon
Authors: Abdulla Mansoor C. , Alungal Jemshad
Published: October 2015

A 32-year-old primigravida at 8 weeks of gestation presented with gangrene of both great toe for 10 days. Two years back, she had an episode of Raynaud’s phenomenon involving left ring finger diagnosed as primary Raynaud’s phenomenon and was treated with nifedipine following which she improved. In the following months, she had 2-3 similar episodes of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the upper extremity which were less severe. On diagnostic evaluation she was found to have an intra cardiac mass arising from mitral leaflet. We present a case of atrial myxoma initially presenting as an isolated Raynaud’s phenomenon with a long asymptomatic period before the next clinical manifestation which to our knowledge is the first such report.
Occupational exposures and utilisation of HIV postexposure prophylaxis amongst health workers of three hospitals in Tanzania’s Lake Zone
Authors: Kabyemera Rogatus , Kalolo Albino , Fernando Geethika , Bergson Susan
Published: October 2015

Occupational exposures predispose health workers (HWs) to a risk of HIV infection. When properly used, HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) can significantly reduce this risk. Th purpose of this study was to determine the extent and types of occupational exposures, availability of PEP guidelines, and utilisation of PEP amongst HWs. A cross-sectional mixed methods baseline study was conducted between March and May 2014 using a structured questionnaire administered to 236 HWs from Shinyanga, Sengerema and Musoma hospitals in Tanzania. Relationships between variables were determined using the chi-square test. Qualitative data was gathered during interviews with key informants and walkthrough observations in the hospital wards, and analysed using the framework method. Majority of respondents were nurses (53%), over 40 years old (61%) with more than 20 years (40%) of hospital experience. Needle stick and sharp injuries were experienced by 31% of respondents whilst 26% experienced splashes. Only 28% of splashes were reported compared to 80% and 68% of needle sticks and sharp injuries, respectively. Those who experienced needle sticks were more likely to report the incident (p < 0.001), receive testing (p < 0.003) or PEP (p = 0.005). Although 66% reported the availability of PEP guidelines, only 39% of exposed HWs received PEP. Occupational exposures are common in these hospitals. HWs under-report and suboptimally use PEP services. Health worker safety programmes should establish functional systems for reporting and adherence to PEP procedures. Future research should establish factors that determine compliance with PEP procedures.
Evidence from epidemic appraisals in Nigeria
Authors: Ezirim Idoteyin O. , Ogungbemi Kayode , Daniel Uduak , Blanchard James , Ezire Onoriode
Published: October 2015

Although HIV prevalence has increased in most-at-risk populations (MARPs) across Nigeria, effective programming was difficult because Nigeria lacked information for prevention programmes to target interventions that maximise coverage and cost effectiveness. Epidemic appraisals (EA) were conducted in eight states to provide evidence for the planning, implementation and co-ordination of prevention interventions. Component 1: Mapping determined the size, typology and locations of MARPs. Component 2: Venue profiling identified and profiled venues where general populations engaged in high-risk behaviours. Component 3: Rural appraisals provided insights into risk behaviours and sexual networking in villages. States used mapping results to prioritise areas with a MARP coverage of 70% – 80% and then scale up interventions for non-brothel-based female sex workers (FSWs) instead of focusing on brothel-based FSWs. The eight states prioritisedf unding for the high-coverage areas to ensure a minimum coverage level of 70% – 80% of MARPs was reached. The refocused resources led to cost efficiencies. Applying venue profiling results, six states implemented interventions at bars and night clubs – previously not covered. States also maximised intervention coverage for high-risk general populations; this led to the use of resources for general population interventions in a focused way rather than across an entire state. States focused on condom programmes in rural areas. EA results provided the evidence for focusing interventions for high MARP coverage as well as forhigh-risk general populations. The states applied the results and rapidly refocused their interventions, increasing the likelihood of having an impact on HIV transmission in those states. Nigeria is now implementing EAs in the remaining 29 states to effect national-level impact.
Role of an international non-governmental organisation in strengthening health systems in fragile-state context: Evaluation results from South Sudan
Authors: Rosales Alfonso C. , Walumbe Elizabeth , Anderson Frank W.J. , Hedrick Juli A. , Cherian Dennis T. , Holloway Rhonda
Published: October 2015

World Vision implemented the community-based Maternal and Child Health Transformation (MaCHT) Project from September 2010 to September 2014 in fragile-state South Sudan. To document and measure health-related activities executed by an international nongovernmentalo rganisation to sustainably strengthen the capacity of the health system in delivering essential health services to pregnant women and children under two years of age, including new-borns and infants. A range of mixed methods, including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and uncontrolled cross-sectional before-and-after surveys using Henderson’s method were carried out. The unit of analysis was mothers of children under two years of age, and community health workers (CHWs). An estimated 39 000 children under age two were attended to by CHWs. Coverage of essential maternal and childhealth care (MCH) increased in all single interventions, ranging from a minimum of 5% points to a maximum of 49% points during the implementation period. The capacity of the health system to deliver essential MCH services improved by building the supply and performance of the health workforce through task-shifting and in-service training. Likewise, operational linkages between community structures and local health services were strengthened. In conclusion, this program supported health system strengthening, mainly in the areas of service delivery, health workforce, and medical products, vaccines, and technologies. The project also informed policy at district and national levels and repositioned the maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) agenda to further scale up these activities. An evaluation of a four year USAID-funded child survival project implemented by an international non-governmental organisation (NGO) in fragile-state context showed progress and challenges in health system strengthening for maternal health practices and community case management of diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria in children under five.
ISO 15189:2012: What changes for African laboratories?
Authors: Bouchet Nicolas
Published: October 2015

No abstract available.
Destination New Zealand: A history of the Afrikaans Christian Church of New Zealand
Authors: Van der Merwe Johan M.
Published: October 2015

The advent of democratic change in South Africa in the 1990s led to an exodus of many White Afrikaans-speaking Christians from South Africa. They settled all over the world. One of the countries of choice was New Zealand. A group of these emigrants came together in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1998 and founded an Afrikaans church. The Church grew from one congregation to a denomination that currently has nine congregations. This article describes the history of the Afrikaanse Christen Kerk van Nieu-Seeland [Afrikaans Christian Church of New Zealand]. It focuses on the founding, growth, Church Order, ministry and challenges of the Church. The sources for this article are primary documents collected by the author in New Zealand.
Neuroendocrine tumour in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 and HIV
Authors: Hiesgen Juliane , Variava Ebrahim
Published: October 2015

We report the case of an HIV-positive female patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 who wastreated for recurrent peptic ulcer disease and later developed diabetes mellitus and chronicdiarrhoea. A metastasising somatostatinoma was histologically proven and evidence of aconcomitant gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumour was found. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are very rare neoplasms originating from a wide variety of endocrine and nervoussystem tissue with the ability to produce different hormones. A somatostatin- and gastrinsecreting NET in a patient with HIV has not been reported in the literature, to the best ofour knowledge. We discuss oncogenic pathomechanisms related to the underlying conditionsand propose stringent monitoring for tumours in HIV-positive patients with phakomatoses aswell as initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
First comprehensive modelling study on observed new particle formation at the SORPES station in Nanjing, China
Authors: Huang X. , Zhou L. X. , Ding A. J. , Qi X. M. , Nie W. , Wang M. H. , Chi X. G. , Petaja T. , Kerminen V.-M. , Roldin P. , Rusanen A. , Kulmala M. , Boy M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) has been investigated intensively during the last two decades because of its influence on aerosol population and the possible contribution to cloud condensation nuclei. However, intensive measurements and modelling activities on this topic in urban metropolitans in China with frequently high pollution episodes are still very limited. This study provides results from a comprehensive modelling study on the occurrence of new particle formation events in the western part of the Yangtze River Delta region (YRD), China. The comprehensive modelling system, which combines regional chemical transport model WRF-Chem (the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) and the sectional box model MALTE-BOX (the model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere), was shown to be capable of simulating atmospheric nucleation and subsequent growth. Here we present a detailed discussion of three typical NPF days, during which the measured air masses were notably influenced by either anthropogenic activities, biogenic emissions, or mixed ocean and continental sources. Overall, simulated NPF events were generally in good agreement with the corresponding measurements, enabling us to get further insights into NPF processes in the YRD region. Based on the simulations, we conclude that besides gas-phase sulphuric acid, biogenic organic compounds, particularly monoterpenes, play an essential role in condensational growth of newly formed clusters and probably also in the particle formation process through their low volatile oxidation products. Although some uncertainties remain in this modelling system, this method provides a possibility to better understand the NPF processes.
Impact of incentive driven medical home approach on use of preventive services use among healthcare system employees: A case study
Authors: Brooks Sandra E. , Khalil Yehia H. , Ledford Allison M. , Hembree Tina M.
Published: October 2015

Objective: To describe the initial outcomes of an incentive driven medical home and navigation program on preventive services among healthcare system employees.Methods: Quasi-experimental design examining participation, use of preventive services and adherence to medical guidelines and emergency room use in a five hospital integrated health system. Employees were required to complete a health risk assessment (HRA), visit a Primary Care Provider (PCP) and submit PCP visit screening and biometric results in order to be eligible for the financial incentives. Subsidized lifestyle change intervention and navigation programs were also offered to participants. Descriptive statistics and Chi Square were used to analyze results for the 5,435 employee participants and 3,623 non-participants during thee 1-year intervention.Results: Preventive care visits for participants increased by 35% compared to an increase of 3% for non-participants. Nonadherence to medical guidelines decreased 7% for participants and increased 18% for non-participants. Inappropriate emergency room use overall decreased from 20% to 14%.Conclusions: One year after introduction of the wellness program, preventive visits increased, compliance with medical care increased and inappropriate emergency room visits were reduced.
Synthesis of New Dynamic Movement Primitives Through Search in a Hierarchical Database of Example Movements
Authors: Deniša Miha , Ude Aleš
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a novel approach to discovering motor primitives in a hierarchical database of example trajectories. An initial set of example trajectories is obtained by human demonstration. The trajectories are clustered and organized in a binary tree-like hierarchical structure, from which transition graphs at different levels of granularity are constructed. A novel procedure for searching in this hierarchical structure is presented. It can exploit the interdependencies between movements and can discover new series of partial paths. From these partial paths, complete new movements are generated by encoding them as dynamic movement primitives. In this way, the number of example trajectories that must be acquired with the assistance of a human teacher can be reduced. By combining the results of the hierarchical search with statistical generalization techniques, a complete representation of new, not directly demonstrated, movement primitives can be generated.
Dynamic Arc Fitting Path Follower for Skid-Steered Mobile Robots
Authors: Lepej Peter , Maurer Johannes , Uran Suzana , Steinbauer Gerald
Published: October 2015

Many applications, such as surveillance, inspection or search and rescue operations, can be performed with autonomous robots. Our aim is a control of modular autonomous systems in rescue robotics. One of the basic problems with autonomous robotics is the execution part where the control commands (translation and rotational velocities) are produced for mobile bases. Therefore we have focused on this area because there is only a small amount of available path following software for skid-steered mobile robots. Our goal was to develop a velocity controller that could be used for multiple skid-steered mobile bases. We considered differential drive mobile bases such as tracked skid-steering mobile bases. Our approach is based on an arc fitting algorithm, which takes into account the robot constraints and kinematical model. It produces a continuous trajectory where fitting to the given path is adapted based on given parameters. Moreover, we have included orientation angle compensation while the mobile robot is moving and ground inclination compensation. Our rescue robot is described, together with the simulation setup and algorithm implementation. We compared our algorithm to the Hector-based software and curvature velocity approach. The results for the proposed algorithm are shown for the simulation results and the experiment.
Household Water and Waste Management of Communities near Spring Waters in Argao, Cebu Philippines
Authors: Alburo Rosalyn P. , Alburo Hemres M. , Pinote Juanita P. , Cutillas Anecito L.
Published: October 2015

This study recognized the importance of water in life. As such, 241 households from 25 spring water communities in Argao, Cebu were interviewed. The interview looked into the utilization of spring waters, waste generation and disposal, as well as, their perceptions on water and waste management. Results showed that households used spring waters for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. Eight (8) springs have existing piping system that transports water to other sitios. Nine (9) springs support rice farms. Kitchen waste, glass bottles, paper, garden waste (lawn trimmings), plastic bags, broken glasses, hard plastics, cartons/boxes, metals and pet wastes, comprised the top 10 wastes generated by households and the disposal varies with waste types. It was noted that the respondents’ perceptions were significantly correlated with the level of education. Moreover, analyses showed that the respondents’ belief were in conflict with their practices.
Protection of Grasslands in East Asia
Authors: Qi Jiaguo , Groisman Pavel , Xin Xiaoping
Published: October 2015

An international workshop was held to examine ways to preserve the ecological values of grassland ecosystems while maximizing the economic development benefits to the local population. Experts on grassland ecosystems from Australia, China, Mongolia, the United Kingdom, and the United States presented the latest research and regional programs for sustainable management, while local scientists highlighted detailed field experiments, their findings, and future research plans. The participation of major stakeholders and representatives of local governments allowed for a transdisciplinary assessment.
Kopp Receives 2012 William Gilbert Award: Response
Authors: Kopp Robert E.
Published: October 2015

I have many people to thank for the honor of receiving the William Gilbert Award. Joe Kirschvink must sit at the top of the list, not just for the generosity—I hope at least partially deserved!—of his citation but also for his role as my Ph.D. mentor. During the 5 years I spent working with him at Caltech, Joe was always supportive; was as generous with his time as he has been in his words; and served as a role model for me in the way he fearlessly marched through our planet's history, building bridges between magnetism and our understanding of climate, the biosphere, and the Earth system as a whole.
Power asymmetry in conflict resolution with application to a water pollution dispute in China
Authors: Yu Jing , Kilgour D. Marc , Hipel Keith W. , Zhao Min
Published: October 2015

The concept of power asymmetry is incorporated into the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) and then applied to a water pollution dispute in China in order to show how it can provide strategic insights into courses of action. In a new definition of power asymmetry, one of the decision makers (DMs) in a conflict can influence the preferences of other DMs by taking advantage of additional options reflecting the particular DM's more powerful position. The more powerful DM may have three different kinds of power: direct positive, direct negative, or indirect. It is useful to analyze a model of a conflict without power asymmetry, and then to analyze a power‐asymmetric model. As demonstrated by analysis of the water quality controversy that took place at the border separating the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, this novel conflict resolution methodology can be readily applied to real‐world strategic conflicts to gain an enhanced understanding of the effects of asymmetric power.
Numerical simulations of hydraulic redistribution across climates: The role of the root hydraulic conductivities
Authors: Quijano Juan C. , Kumar Praveen
Published: October 2015

Hydraulic redistribution, a process by which vegetation roots redistribute soil moisture, has been recognized as an important mechanism impacting several processes that regulate plant water uptake, energy and water partitioning, and biogeochemical cycling. We analyze how the magnitude of hydraulic redistribution varies across ecosystems that are exposed to different climates and seasonal patterns of incoming shortwave radiation and precipitation. Numerical simulation studies are performed over 10 Ameriflux sites, which show that hydraulic redistribution predictions are significantly influenced by the specified root hydraulic conductivities. We performed sensitivity analyses by considering expected ranges of root conductivities based on previous experimental studies, and found contrasting patterns in energy‐limited and water‐limited ecosystems. In energy‐limited ecosystems, there is a threshold above which high root conductivities enhance hydraulic redistribution with no increase in transpiration, while in water‐limited ecosystems increase in root conductivities was always associated with enhancements in both transpiration and hydraulic redistribution. Further we found differences in the magnitude and seasonality of hydraulic redistribution and transpiration across different climates, regulated by interplay between precipitation and transpiration. The annual hydraulic redistribution to transpiration flux ratio (HR/Tr) was significant in Mediterranean climates (HR/Tr
30%), and in the tropical humid climates (HR/Tr
15%). However, in the continental climates hydraulic redistribution occurs only during sporadic precipitation events throughout the summer resulting in lower annual magnitudes (HR/Tr < 5%). These results provide more insights for suitable implementation of numerical models to capture belowground processes in eco‐hydrology, and enhance our understanding about the variability of hydraulic redistribution across different climates.
A new bathymetry of the Northeast Greenland continental shelf: Constraints on glacial and other processes
Authors: Arndt Jan Erik , Jokat Wilfried , Dorschel Boris , Myklebust Reidun , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Evans Jeffrey
Published: October 2015

A new digital bathymetric model (DBM) for the Northeast Greenland (NEG) continental shelf (74°N–81°N) is presented. The DBM has a grid cell size of 250 m × 250 m and incorporates bathymetric data from 30 multibeam cruises, more than 20 single‐beam cruises and first reflector depths from industrial seismic lines. The new DBM substantially improves the bathymetry compared to older models. The DBM not only allows a better delineation of previously known seafloor morphology but, in addition, reveals the presence of previously unmapped morphological features including glacially derived troughs, fjords, grounding‐zone wedges, and lateral moraines. These submarine landforms are used to infer the past extent and ice‐flow dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the last full‐glacial period of the Quaternary and subsequent ice retreat across the continental shelf. The DBM reveals cross‐shelf bathymetric troughs that may enable the inflow of warm Atlantic water masses across the shelf, driving enhanced basal melting of the marine‐terminating outlet glaciers draining the ice sheet to the coast in Northeast Greenland. Knolls, sinks, and hummocky seafloor on the middle shelf are also suggested to be related to salt diapirism. North‐south‐orientated elongate depressions are identified that probably relate to ice‐marginal processes in combination with erosion caused by the East Greenland Current. A single guyot‐like peak has been discovered and is interpreted to have been produced during a volcanic event approximately 55 Ma ago.
A global prediction of seafloor sediment porosity using machine learning
Authors: Martin Kylara M. , Wood Warren T. , Becker Joseph J.
Published: October 2015

Porosity (void ratio) is a critical parameter in models of acoustic propagation, bearing strength, and many other seafloor phenomena. However, like many seafloor phenomena, direct measurements are expensive and sparse. We show here how porosity everywhere at the seafloor can be estimated using a machine learning technique (specifically, Random Forests). Such techniques use sparsely acquired direct samples and dense grids of other parameters to produce a statistically optimal estimate where direct measurements are lacking. Our porosity estimate is both qualitatively more consistent with geologic principles than the results produced by interpolation and quantitatively more accurate than results produced by interpolation or regression methods. We present here a seafloor porosity estimate on a 5 arc min, pixel registered grid, produced using widely available, densely sampled grids of other seafloor properties. These techniques represent the only practical means of estimating seafloor properties in inaccessible regions of the seafloor (e.g., the Arctic).
Observed and modeled patterns of covariability between low‐level cloudiness and the structure of the trade‐wind layer
Authors: Nuijens Louise , Medeiros Brian , Sandu Irina , Ahlgrimm Maike
Published: October 2015

We present patterns of covariability between low‐level cloudiness and the trade‐wind boundary layer structure using long‐term measurements at a site representative of dynamical regimes with moderate subsidence or weak ascent. We compare these with ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System and 10 CMIP5 models. By using single‐time step output at a single location, we find that models can produce a fairly realistic trade‐wind layer structure in long‐term means, but with unrealistic variability at shorter‐time scales. The unrealistic variability in modeled cloudiness near the lifting condensation level (LCL) is due to stronger than observed relationships with mixed‐layer relative humidity (RH) and temperature stratification at the mixed‐layer top. Those relationships are weak in observations, or even of opposite sign, which can be explained by a negative feedback of convection on cloudiness. Cloudiness near cumulus tops at the trade‐wind inversion instead varies more pronouncedly in observations on monthly time scales, whereby larger cloudiness relates to larger surface winds and stronger trade‐wind inversions. However, these parameters appear to be a prerequisite, rather than strong controlling factors on cloudiness, because they do not explain submonthly variations in cloudiness. Models underestimate the strength of these relationships and diverge in particular in their responses to large‐scale vertical motion. No model stands out by reproducing the observed behavior in all respects. These findings suggest that climate models do not realistically represent the physical processes that underlie the coupling between trade‐wind clouds and their environments in present‐day climate, which is relevant for how we interpret modeled cloud feedbacks.
Eulerian network modeling of longitudinal dispersion
Authors: Mehmani Yashar , Balhoff Matthew T.
Published: October 2015

A novel Eulerian network model that incorporates “shear dispersion,” the stretching of solute due to nonuniform velocity profiles within pore throats is developed. The superposing transport method (STM) is nonlocal in time (i.e., uses information from several previous time steps) and is equivalent to performing network‐wide time convolutions of elementary throat response functions. Predicted macroscopic longitudinal dispersion coefficients for disordered sphere packs are in good agreement with published experimental data. We further investigate the impact of mixing assumptions within pores on macroscopic longitudinal dispersion and find the dependence to be weak for disordered sphere packs. Limitations of Eulerian network models as a whole are also discussed, and their inappropriateness for ordered porous media concluded.
Dragons Adrift: The New Chinese Landscape
Authors: Wolf Nancy
Published: October 2015

The work of New York‐based artist Nancy Wolf is preoccupied with the relationship between people and the contemporary city. Here she explains how a meeting with scholar and poet Lap Lam in Hong Kong provided much of the inspiration for her work in China, which she describes as ‘a commentary on the enormous changes in today's Chinese landscape created by Modernist architecture and urban planning’.
Smart Hybrids of Zn2GeO4 Nanoparticles and Ultrathin g‐C3N4 Layers: Synergistic Lithium Storage and Excellent Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Feng Yi , Li Meicheng , Li Wei , Wei Hao , Song Dandan
Published: October 2015

Smart hybrids of Zn2GeO4 nanoparticles and ultrathin g‐C3N4 layers (Zn2GeO4/g‐C3N4 hybrids) are realized by a facile solution approach, where g‐C3N4 layers act as an effective substrate for the nucleation and subsequent in situ growth of Zn2GeO4 nanoparticles. A synergistic effect is demonstrated on the two building blocks of Zn2GeO4/g‐C3N4 hybrids for lithium storage: Zn2GeO4 nanoparticles contribute high capacity and serve as spacers to isolate the ultrathin g‐C3N4 layers from restacking, resulting in expanded interlayer and exposed vacancies with doubly bonded nitrogen for extra Li‐ion storage and diffusion pathway; 2D g‐C3N4 layers, in turn, minimize the strain of particles expansion and prevent the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase, leading to highly reversible lithium storage. Benefiting from the remarkable synergy, the Zn2GeO4/g‐C3N4 hybrids exhibit highly reversible capacity of 1370 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 140 cycles and excellent rate capability of 950 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1. The synergistic effect originating from the hybrids brings out excellent electrochemical performance, and thus casts new light on the development of high‐energy and high‐power anode materials.
Aldol Reactions of Ketone Donors with Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketone Acceptors Catalyzed by 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) for Concise Access to Aryl‐ and Trifluoromethyl‐ Substituted Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Dongxin , Tanaka Fujie
Published: October 2015

Molecules bearing aryl‐ and trifluoromethyl‐substituted tertiary alcohol moieties are important as bioactive molecules, enantiomer‐discriminating reagents, and their synthons and building blocks. To concisely synthesize these molecules, we have developed aldol reactions of ketone donors with aryl trifluoromethyl ketone acceptors catalyzed by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). The reactions were relatively fast, and the products were obtained in good to high yields under mild conditions. The CC bonds of the aldol reactions formed in perfect regioselectivities at the methyl group of the alkyl methyl ketones, at the γ‐position of the β‐keto esters, and at the methyl group of the β‐methyl‐substituted cyclic enones. For the aldol products from the reactions of β‐keto esters, the enantiomerically pure forms were obtained by resolution of the enamines of the aldol products with a homochiral amine. Our methods provide a concise, fast access to molecules with tetrasubstituted carbon centers with trifluoromethyl‐substituted alcohol moieties.

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Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Tandem Aryldifluoroacetylation of Cinnamamides: Access to Difluoroacetylated Quinolone‐2‐ones And 1‐Azaspiro[4.5]decanes
Authors: Gu Zhangxi , Zhang Honglin , Xu Pan , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: October 2015

A visible light‐mediated difluoroacetylation of cinnamamides with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as a CF2 radical precursor is described. The reaction incorporates tandem cyclization or cyclization/dearomatization processes. The latter process occurs when there is a p‐RO substituent on the aniline. This protocol affords straightforward new routes to separately synthesize quinoline‐2‐ones and spiro[4.5]decanes in moderate to good yields.

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Dearomatization of Indoles via a Phenol‐Directed Vanadium‐ Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation and Ring‐Opening Cascade
Authors: Han Long , Zhang Wei , Shi Xiao‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: October 2015

An enantioselective dearomatization of indole derivatives was realized by the complexes derived from the vanadium complex VO(acac)2 and C2‐symmetric bis‐hydroxamic acid (BHA) ligands. The reaction proceeded via asymmetric epoxidation and ring‐opening by the linked phenol cascade, affording 5a,6,10b,11‐tetrahydrochromeno[2,3‐b]indol‐10b‐ol derivatives in up to 83% yield and 98% ee under mild reaction conditions.

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Carbon capture from natural gas combined cycle power plants: Solvent performance comparison at an industrial scale
Authors: Sharifzadeh Mahdi , Shah Nilay
Published: October 2015

Natural gas is an important source of energy. This article addresses the problem of integrating an existing natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with a carbon capture process using various solvents. The power plant and capture process have mutual interactions in terms of the flue gas flow rate and composition vs. the extracted steam required for solvent regeneration. Therefore, evaluating solvent performance at a single (nominal) operating point is not indicative and solvent performance should be considered subject to the overall process operability and over a wide range of operating conditions. In the present research, a novel optimization framework was developed in which design and operation of the capture process are optimized simultaneously and their interactions with the upstream power plant are fully captured. The developed framework was applied for solvent comparison which demonstrated that GCCmax, a newly developed solvent, features superior performances compared to the monoethanolamine baseline solvent. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 166–179, 2016
The aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphomas: 2013
Authors: Armitage James O.
Published: October 2015

Background

T‐cell lymphomas make up approximately 10–15% of lymphoid malignancies. The frequency of these lymphomas varies geographically, with the highest incidence in parts of Asia.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is usually made using the WHO classification. The ability of hematopathologists to reproducibly diagnosis aggressive PTCL is lower than for aggressive B‐cell lymphomas, with a range of 72–97% for the aggressive PTCLs.

Risk Stratification

Patients with aggressive PTCL are staged using the Ann Arbor Classification. Although somewhat controversial, PET scans appear to be useful as they are in aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. The most commonly used prognostic index is the International Prognostic Index. The specific subtype of aggressive PTCL is an important risk factor, with the best survival seen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma—particularly young patients with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive subtype.

Risk Adapted Therapy

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is the only subgroup to have a good response to a CHOP‐like regimen. Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma has a prolonged disease‐free survival in only ∼20% of patients, but younger patients who have an autotransplant in remission seem to do better. PTCL‐NOS (not otherwise specified) is not one disease. Anthracycline containing regimens have disappointing results and a new approach is needed. NK/T‐cell lymphoma localized to the nose and nasal sinuses seems to be best treated with radiotherapy containing regimens. Enteropathy associated PTCL and hepatosplenic PTCL are rare disorders with a generally poor response to therapy, although selected patients with enteropathy associated PTCL seem to benefit from intensive therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 88:911–918, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.