bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embracing heterogeneity: coalescing the Tree of Life and the future of phylogenomics
Authors: Bravo Gustavo A. , Antonelli Alexandre , Bacon Christine D. , Bartoszek Krzysztof , Blom Mozes P. K. , Huynh Stella , Jones Graham , Knowles L. Lacey , Lamichhaney Sangeet , Marcussen Thomas , Morlon Hélène , Nakhleh Luay K. , Oxelman Bengt , Pfeil Bernard , Schliep Alexander , Wahlberg Niklas , Werneck Fernanda P. , Wiedenhoeft John , Willows-Munro Sandi , Edwards Scott V.
Published: February 2019

Building the Tree of Life (ToL) is a major challenge of modern biology, requiring advances in cyberinfrastructure, data collection, theory, and more. Here, we argue that phylogenomics stands to benefit by embracing the many heterogeneous genomic signals emerging from the first decade of large-scale phylogenetic analysis spawned by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Such signals include those most commonly encountered in phylogenomic datasets, such as incomplete lineage sorting, but also those reticulate processes emerging with greater frequency, such as recombination and introgression. Here we focus specifically on how phylogenetic methods can accommodate the heterogeneity incurred by such population genetic processes; we do not discuss phylogenetic methods that ignore such processes, such as concatenation or supermatrix approaches or supertrees. We suggest that methods of data acquisition and the types of markers used in phylogenomics will remain restricted until a posteriori methods of marker choice are made possible with routine whole-genome sequencing of taxa of interest. We discuss limitations and potential extensions of a model supporting innovation in phylogenomics today, the multispecies coalescent model (MSC). Macroevolutionary models that use phylogenies, such as character mapping, often ignore the heterogeneity on which building phylogenies increasingly rely and suggest that assimilating such heterogeneity is an important goal moving forward. Finally, we argue that an integrative cyberinfrastructure linking all steps of the process of building the ToL, from specimen acquisition in the field to publication and tracking of phylogenomic data, as well as a culture that values contributors at each step, are essential for progress.
Morphological Changes from Acute to Chronic Photic Retinopathy
Authors: Arora Neha , Patel Aniket , Ahuja Ashish Kumar
Published: February 2019

Photic Retinopathy is a photochemical retinal damage which may or may not produce permanent visual acuity loss. We are reporting 5 eyes of 3 patients, 1 of which is acute solar retinopathy, 2 eyes are chronic solar retinopathy and the other 2 eyes are chronic welder's retinopathy showing morphological changes in photic retinopathy from the acute to chronic stage. The patient with acute solar retinopathy was successfully treated with oral prednisolone with complete regain of vision.
Fukuchiyo sake brewery | steel wall gallery
Authors: Hirase Yujin , Hirase Yuko , Moribe Yasushi
Published: February 2019

This project is a renovation of the old rice mill, a Registered Tangible Cultural Property, into a gallery. Because it is a Cultural Property, it is virtually impossible to change its appearance and shape, so the exterior wall is landscaped with burned cedars. The building was used as a warehouse for a long time and was in a state where it was leaning structurally against the next building. In this project, we reinforced the structure in two ways: by modifying the tilt by raising the weight of the roof, and by inserting a new mill scale steel under the beam.
Monasteries, late antique
Authors: Blanke Louise
Published: February 2019

Textual sources and archaeological remains document a plethora of monasteries throughout the Late Antique Mediterranean world. Until recently, literary sources, such as hagiographies, served as the primary evidence for the monastic movement, resulting in scholars seeing the eremitic, semi‐eremitic, and coenobitic (communal) lifestyles as its main expressions. Archaeological surveys and excavations of monastic sites have nuanced this picture and underlined the complexity and diversity of not only the monasteries’ internal organization, but also their geographical setting and economic realities. Late Antique monasteries in the eastern Mediterranean (especially Egypt and Palestine) are well represented both archaeologically and textually while early monasteries in the western Mediterranean are mainly known from textual sources.
Iavolenus Priscus (C. Octavius Tidius Tossianus L. Iavolenus Priscus)
Authors: Randazzo Salvo
Published: February 2019

The career of the “Sabinian” jurist Iavolenus Priscus is distinguished by important and prestigious political and military positions. From these experiences emerges a jurist who moves with singular confidence between legal scholarship and professional pragmatism, such that, in his definitiones, the divergence between his thinking and the unshakeable principles of the sectae (the “schools” of jurists in his day) offers contemporary jurisprudence a form of legal thought that is both modern and concrete in nature.
Thermoelectric GeTe with Diverse Degrees of Freedom Having Secured Superhigh Performance
Authors: Hong Min , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: February 2019

Driven by the ability to harvest waste heat into reusable electricity and the exclusive role of serving as the power generator for deep spacecraft, intensive endeavors are dedicated to enhancing the thermoelectric performance of ecofriendly materials. Herein, the most recent progress in superhigh‐performance GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials is reviewed with a focus on the crystal structures, phase transitions, resonant bondings, multiple valance bands, and phonon dispersions. These features diversify the degrees of freedom to tune the transport properties of electrons and phonons for GeTe. On the basis of the optimized carrier concentration, strategies of alignment of multiple valence bands and density‐of‐state resonant distortion are employed to further enhance the thermoelectric performance of GeTe‐based materials. To decrease the thermal conductivity, methods of strengthening intrinsic phonon–phonon interactions and introducing various lattice imperfections as scattering centers are highlighted. An overview of thermoelectric devices assembled from GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials is then presented. In conclusion, possible future directions for developing GeTe in thermoelectric applications are proposed. The achieved high thermoelectric performance in GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials with rationally established strategies can act as a reference for broader materials to tailor their thermoelectric performance.
Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Bistrifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Oh Hyunseok , Park Areum , Jeong Kyu‐Sung , Han Soo Bong , Lee Hyuk
Published: February 2019

Many efficient catalytic methods for the introduction of trifluoromethyl group (CF3) have been reported. Among them, the addition of CF3 and other components to alkenes is well known, and many components such as azides, cyanides, amines, and halides have been inserted into alkenes with CF3. However, to date the double catalytic insertion of CF3 into an alkene is unknown. Herein, we report the catalytic 1,2‐bistrifluoromethylations of alkenes catalyzed by Copper (Cu). We used two CF3 sources, namely Umemoto's reagent and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3). Each reagent plays a unique role during this transformation; Umemoto's reagent generates CF3 radicals, while TMSCF3 is used to form CF3 anions. Copper (I) bromide (CuBr) exhibited the best catalytic activity for this reaction. We believe that CuBr oxidizes the alkyl radical, which is produced by the addition of the CF3 radical to the alkene, to the corresponding alkyl cation, which then reacts with the CF3 anion from TMSCF3 to produce the desired product. This reaction tolerates a diverse set of substrates bearing functional groups such as amides, esters, ethers, ketones, protected amines, tertiary amines, and phthalimides; hence this transformation is widely applicable to a wide variety of substrates.

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ERF‐related craniosynostosis: The phenotypic and developmental profile of a new craniosynostosis syndrome
Authors: Glass Graeme E. , O'Hara Justine , Canham Natalie , Cilliers Deirdre , Dunaway David , Fenwick Aimee L. , Jeelani Noor‐Owase , Johnson David , Lester Tracy , Lord Helen , Morton Jenny E. V. , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Noons Peter , Schwiebert Kemmy , Shipster Caroleen , Taylor‐Beadling Alison , Twigg Stephen R. F. , Vasudevan Pradeep , Wall Steven A. , Wilkie Andrew O. M. , Wilson Louise C.
Published: February 2019

Mutations in the ERF gene, coding for ETS2 repressor factor, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors cause a recently recognized syndromic form of craniosynostosis (CRS4) with facial dysmorphism, Chiari‐1 malformation, speech and language delay, and learning difficulties and/or behavioral problems. The overall prevalence of ERF mutations in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis is around 2%, and 0.7% in clinically nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Here, we present findings from 16 unrelated probands with ERF‐related craniosynostosis, with additional data from 20 family members sharing the mutations. Most of the probands exhibited multisutural (including pan‐) synostosis but a pattern involving the sagittal and lambdoid sutures (Mercedes‐Benz pattern) predominated. Importantly the craniosynostosis was often postnatal in onset, insidious and progressive with subtle effects on head morphology resulting in a median age at presentation of 42 months among the probands and, in some instances, permanent visual impairment due to unsuspected raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Facial dysmorphism (exhibited by all of the probands and many of the affected relatives) took the form of orbital hypertelorism, mild exorbitism and malar hypoplasia resembling Crouzon syndrome but, importantly, a Class I occlusal relationship. Speech delay, poor gross and/or fine motor control, hyperactivity and poor concentration were common. Cranial vault surgery for raised ICP and/or Chiari‐1 malformation was expected when multisutural synostosis was observed. Variable expressivity and nonpenetrance among genetically affected relatives was encountered. These observations form the most complete phenotypic and developmental profile of this recently identified craniosynostosis syndrome yet described and have important implications for surgical intervention and follow‐up.
Development of α‐Gal–Antibody Conjugates to Increase Immune Response by Recruiting Natural Antibodies
Authors: Sianturi Julinton , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Li Hao‐Sheng , Chiu Li‐Ting , Chang Tsung‐Che , Tokunaga Kento , Kabayama Kazuya , Tanemura Masahiro , Takamatsu Shinji , Miyoshi Eiji , Hung Shang‐Cheng , Fukase Koichi
Published: February 2019

Cancer treatment with antibodies (Abs) is one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for obtaining high selectivity. In this study, α‐gal–Ab conjugates were developed that dramatically increased cellular cytotoxicity by recruiting natural Abs through the interaction between α‐gal and anti‐gal Abs. The potency of the α‐gal–Ab conjugates depended on the amount of α‐gal conjugated to the antibody: the larger the amount of α‐gal introduced, the higher the level of cytotoxicity observed. The conjugation of antibodies with an α‐gal dendrimer allowed the introduction of large amounts of α‐gal to the Ab, without loss of affinity for the target cell. The method described here will enable the re‐development of Abs to improve their potency.
Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structure with Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Coatings for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wan Jiawei , Wang Jiangyan , Ren Hao , Yu Ranbo , Gu Lin , Liu Yunling , Feng Shouhua , Wang Dan
Published: February 2019

Herein, we present heterogeneous hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) prepared by exploiting the properties of the metal–organic framework (MOFs) casing. Through accurately controlling the transformation of MOF layer into different heterogeneous casings, we can precisely design HoMSs of SnO2@Fe2O3(MOF) and SnO2@FeOx‐C(MOF), which not only retain properties of the original SnO2‐HoMSs, but also structural information from the MOFs. Tested as anode materials in LIBs, SnO2@Fe2O3 (MOF)‐HoMSs demonstrate superior lithium‐storage capacity and cycling stability to the original SnO2‐HoMSs, which can be attributed to the topological features from the MOF casing. Making a sharp contrast to the electrodes of SnO2@Fe2O3 (particle)‐HoMSs fabricated by hydrothermal method, the capacity retention after 100 cycles for the SnO2@Fe2O3 (MOF)‐HoMSs is about eight times higher than that of the SnO2@Fe2O3 (particle)‐HoMS.
Phototriggered Release of a Transmembrane Chloride Carrier from an o‐Nitrobenzyl‐Linked Procarrier
Authors: Salunke Swati Bansi , Malla Javid Ahmad , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: February 2019

While there have been many studies on synthetic chloride carriers and a recent application for apoptotic cell death, so far, the proposed huge potential of these systems in targeting cancer has not been realized due to their cytotoxicity to healthy cells. Herein, we describe the development of an indole‐2‐carboxamide receptor as an efficient membrane chloride carrier while the corresponding o‐nitrobenzyl‐linked derivative is a procarrier of the ion. Photoirradiation of the procarrier in liposomes results in release of the active carrier with up to 90 % transport efficiency. Such photorelease of the carrier also works within cancer cells, resulting in efficient cell killing. Such photocleavable procarriers have great potential as a photodynamic therapy to combat various types of cancers.
In Situ Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in a Water‐Tolerant Metal‐Organic Framework for the Transformation of CO2
Authors: Shyshkanov Serhii , Nguyen Tu N. , Ebrahim Fatmah Mish , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Dyson Paul J.
Published: February 2019

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) consist of sterically hindered Lewis acids and Lewis bases, which provide high catalytic activity towards non‐metal‐mediated activation of “inert” small molecules, including CO2 among others. One critical issue of homogeneous FLPs, however, is their instability upon recycling, leading to catalytic deactivation. Herein, we provide a solution to this issue by incorporating a bulky Lewis acid‐functionalized ligand into a water‐tolerant metal‐organic framework (MOF), named SION‐105, and employing Lewis basic diamine substrates for the in situ formation of FLPs within the MOF. Using CO2 as a C1‐feedstock, this combination allows for the efficient transformation of a variety of diamine substrates into benzimidazoles. SION‐105 can be easily recycled by washing with MeOH and reused multiple times without losing its identity and catalytic activity, highlighting the advantage of the MOF approach in FLP chemistry.
A simple approach for synthesis of hollow mesoporous nanotubes loaded with metallic and magnetic nanoparticles: Only one step is required
Authors: Ma Shouchun , Jia Wenjie , Tong Xin , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiao , Yao Tongjie , Wu Jie
Published: February 2019

Hollow mesoporous polypyrrole (PPy)@Pd‐Fe3O4 nanotubes were prepared using MoO3 nanorods as hard templates in one step, in which construction of PPy nanotubes, preparation of Pd nanoparticles, synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and removal of MoO3 nanorods were combined together. To the best of our knowledge, this is the simplest approach for the synthesis of nanomaterials with catalytic activity, magnetic property and hollow mesoporous structure simultaneously. Although the preparation procedure was simplified, the catalytic activity and magnetic property were not sacrificed. In the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol, both reaction rate constant and turnover frequency were higher than those of previous reports. Importantly, the nanotubes could be easily separated from the reaction solution in the presence of a magnetic field, and saturation magnetization could be controlled by the amount of pyrrole monomer. After six recycles, the catalytic activity maintained 94.8% of that of the first run, indicating good stability and reusability.
Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of hepatocellular carcinoma spheroids treated by an alternating electric field
Authors: Huang Chun‐Hao , Lei Kin Fong , Tsang Ngan‐Ming
Published: February 2019

Most of the current cancer therapies may induce serious side effects and affect patient quality of life. Recently, a novel treatment using an alternating low‐intensity and intermediate‐frequency electric field was proposed and found to be a noninvasive and minimally toxic approach. However, additional fundamental studies and scientific evidence are required to further support the development of this treatment into a standard cancer therapy. In the current work, an in‐house fabricated culture plate was developed to study the responses of hepatocellular carcinoma spheroids to treatment with an alternating electric field. From the results of the viability study, the electric field was confirmed to influence the dividing cells in the spheroids. Fluorescent staining of live and dead cells revealed that a fraction of the cells were damaged in the field‐treated spheroids. Moreover, flow cytometry analyses were conducted and showed that a fraction of the cells in the spheroids underwent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, the apoptosis pathway (Bax/caspase) and cell cycle arrest pathway (p53/p21) were found to be activated after exposure to the electric field. In summary, the results further elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanism inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the field‐treated hepatocellular carcinoma spheroids. This study provides more evidence to support the efficacy of electric‐field‐based cancer therapy.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Selective Cross‐Coupling of Chlorosilanes with Organoaluminum Reagents
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Guo Haiqing , Sakamoto Kei , Nakajima Yumiko
Published: February 2019

Nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of chlorosilanes with organoaluminum reagents were developed. An electron‐rich Ni(0)/PCy3complex was found to be an effective catalyst for the desired transformation. The reaction of dichlorosilanes1proceeded to give the corresponding monosubstituted products2. Trichlorosilanes4underwent selective double substitution to furnish the corresponding monochlorosilanes2. Overall, the selective synthesis of a series of alkylmonochlorosilanes2from di‐ and trichlorosilanes was achieved using the present catalytic systems.
Isothermal Adsorption Behavior of Cesium Ions in a Novel Chitosan‐Prussian Blue‐Based Membrane
Authors: Fujisaki Tomoyuki , Kashima Keita , Hagiri Masahide , Imai Masanao
Published: February 2019

Prussian blue (PB) particles were successfully immobilized on a novel chitosan membrane. Morphological observations confirmed that the PB particles were densely immobilized within the membrane. From isothermal adsorption analysis, an increase in the mass fraction of PB contained within the membrane (MFPB) assisted the improvement of the initial adsorption rate as well as the adsorption uptake of cesium ions. A high MFPB led to a decrease in the effective diffusion coefficient of cesium ions in the membrane. Adsorption equilibrium data were found in good agreement with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the membrane immobilizing PB as well as the adsorption constant in the Langmuir model increased with higher MFPB.
Structures and Energetics of NI3 and N2I4
Authors: Turan Isaac M. , Ball David W.
Published: February 2019

We have applied new methods for performing coupled‐cluster calculations to small molecules containing iodine atoms; specifically, NI3 and N2I4. Because NI3 is known to be very reactive, attempts to measure its thermodynamic properties have been challenging at best. To date, N2I4 has not been isolated, and our results suggest that its isolation will be just as challenging. We find that the ΔHf(NI3)=+307.7 kJ mol−1 and ΔHf(N2I4)=+551.6 kJ mol−1, confirming that they are unstable with respect to their decomposition products N2 and I2.
Exploration of the PET‐RAFT Initiation Mechanism for Two Commonly Used Photocatalysts
Authors: Corrigan Nathaniel , Xu Jiangtao , Boyer Cyrille , Allonas Xavier
Published: February 2019

An investigation into the PET‐RAFT initiation mechanism (photoinduced electron/energy transfer‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer) for two frequently used photocatalysts with five RAFT agents has been conducted through analysis of electron transfer and triplet energy transfer (electron exchange) pathways. The electronic and redox properties of the studied RAFT agents were determined through quantum mechanical calculations and cyclic voltammetry measurements, respectively. Gibbs free energy changes for both electron transfer and electron exchange mechanisms were then calculated and compared to quenching rate constants determined by laser flash photolysis (LFP). Transient absorption spectra for the photocatalyst‐RAFT agent combinations were also measured by LFP to substantiate the energetics considerations, which show that triplet energy transfer through a Dexter electron exchange mechanism for the activation of RAFT agents is probable. The experimental data has been fitted by Balzani's energy transfer model which provides support for a Dexter electron exchange mechanism in these systems.
Calibrating an individual‐based movement model to predict functional connectivity for little owls
Authors: Hauenstein Severin , Fattebert Julien , Grüebler Martin U. , Naef‐Daenzer Beat , Pe'er Guy , Hartig Florian
Published: February 2019

Dispersal is crucial for population viability and thus a popular target for conservation measures. However, the ability of individuals to move between habitat patches is notoriously difficult to estimate. One solution is to quantify functional connectivity via realistic individual‐based movement models. Such simulation models, however, are difficult to build and even more difficult to parameterize. Here, we use the example of natal little owl (Athene noctua) dispersal to develop a new analysis chain for the calibration of individual‐based dispersal models using a hybrid of statistical parameter estimation and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). Specifically, we use locations of 126 radio‐tracked juveniles to first estimate habitat utilization by generalized additive models (GAMs) and the biased random bridges (BRB) method. We then include the estimated parameters in a spatially explicit individual‐based model (IBM) of little owl dispersal and calibrate further movement parameters using ABC. To derive efficient summary statistics, we use a new dimension reduction method based on random forest (RF) regression. Finally, we use the calibrated IBM to predict the dispersal potential of little owls from local populations in southwestern Germany to suitable habitat patches in northern Switzerland. We show that pre‐calibrating habitat preference parameters while inferring movement behavioral parameters via ABC is a computationally efficient solution to obtain a plausible IBM parameterization. We also find that dimension reduction via RF regression outperforms the widely used least squares regression, which we applied as a benchmark approach. Estimated movement parameters for the individuals reveal plausible inter‐individual and inter‐sexual differences in movement behavior during natal dispersal. In agreement with a sex‐biased dispersal distance in little owls, females show longer individual flights and higher directional persistence. Simulations from the fitted model indicate that a (re)colonization of northern Switzerland is generally possible, albeit restricted. We conclude that the presented analysis chain is a sensible work‐flow to assess dispersal connectivity across species and ecosystems. It embraces species‐ and individual‐specific behavioral responses to the landscape and allows likelihood‐based calibration, despite an irregular sampling design. Our study highlights existing, yet narrow dispersal corridors, which may require enhancements to facilitate a recolonization of little owl habitat patches in northern Switzerland.
Dnase1‐deficient mice spontaneously develop a systemic lupus erythematosus‐like disease
Authors: Kenny Elaine F. , Raupach Bärbel , Abu Abed Ulrike , Brinkmann Volker , Zychlinsky Arturo
Published: February 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that has high morbidity and can result in multi‐organ damage. SLE is characterized by dysregulated activation of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and the production of autoantibodies directed against nuclear components. The endonuclease deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase1) is abundant in blood and a subset of SLE patients have mutations in DNASE1. Furthermore, a report showed that Dnase1‐deficient mice develop an SLE‐like disease, but these mice also carry a deletion of the gene adjacent to Dnase1, which encodes the chaperone TRAP1/HSP75.

We generated a murine strain deficient in Dnase1 with an intact Trap1 gene to examine if a lack of DNase1 is responsible for the development of a spontaneous SLE‐like disease. We show that the Dnase1‐deficient mice do indeed develop an SLE‐like phenotype with elevated autoantibody production by 9 months and kidney damage by 12 months. Notably, this model recapitulates the female bias seen in human SLE patients since female Dnase1‐deficient mice produced the highest concentrations of autoantibodies and had more severe kidney damage than males. Since there is currently no cure for SLE the protective role of DNase1 as demonstrated in our study remains of great therapeutic interest.
A core transcriptional signature of human microglia: Derivation and utility in describing region‐dependent alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Patir Anirudh , Shih Barbara , McColl Barry W. , Freeman Tom C.
Published: February 2019

Growing recognition of the pivotal role microglia play in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders has accentuated the need to characterize their function in health and disease. Studies in mouse have applied transcriptome‐wide profiling of microglia to reveal key features of microglial ontogeny, functional profile, and phenotypic diversity. While similar, human microglia exhibit clear differences to their mouse counterparts, underlining the need to develop a better understanding of the human microglial profile. On examining published microglia gene signatures, limited consistency was observed between studies. Hence, we sought to derive a core microglia signature of the human central nervous system (CNS), through a comprehensive analysis of existing transcriptomic datasets. Nine datasets derived from cells and tissues, isolated from various regions of the CNS across numerous donors, were subjected independently to an unbiased correlation network analysis. From each dataset, a list of coexpressing genes corresponding to microglia was identified, with 249 genes highly conserved between them. This core signature included known microglial markers, and compared with other signatures provides a gene set specific to microglia in the context of the CNS. The utility of this signature was demonstrated by its use in detecting qualitative and quantitative region‐specific alterations in aging and Alzheimer's disease. These analyses highlighted the reactive response of microglia in vulnerable brain regions such as the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, additionally implicating pathways associated with disease progression. We believe this resource and the analyses described here, will support further investigations to the contribution of human microglia in CNS health and disease.
The value of MYB as a prognostic marker for adenoid cystic carcinoma: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xiangqi , Chen Dongru , Lao Xiaomei , Liang Yujie
Published: February 2019

The aim of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate myeloblastosis (MYB) as a prognostic marker for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with respect to MYB gene fusion, MYB protein expression, and tumor sites.

We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane libraries. Ten studies concerning the prognostic comparisons between MYB positivity and negativity were included.

The combined positive rates of MYB gene fusion and protein expression were 57.2% and 62.3%, respectively. Overall, no significant prognostic differences were observed between MYB‐positive and MYB‐negative ACCs. When further divided into MYB gene fusion and MYB protein expression subgroups, no significant differences were observed for any survival outcome (overall survival, disease‐free survival, and local control rate). Moreover, MYB also demonstrated no prognostic value in head and neck ACCs.

In conclusion, the current studies reveal that MYB is not a good prognostic marker for ACC.
Recessive Mutations in KIF12 Cause High Gamma‐Glutamyltransferase Cholestasis
Authors: Ünlüsoy Aksu Aysel , Das Subhash K. , Nelson‐Williams Carol , Jain Dhanpat , Özbay Hoşnut Ferda , Evirgen Şahin Gülseren , Lifton Richard P. , Vilarinho Silvia
Published: February 2019

Undiagnosed liver disease remains an unmet medical need in pediatric hepatology, including children with high gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) cholestasis. Here, we report whole‐exome sequencing of germline DNA from 2 unrelated children, both offspring of consanguineous union, with neonatal cholestasis and high GGT of unclear etiology. Both children had a rare homozygous damaging mutation (p.Arg219* and p.Val204Met) in kinesin family member 12 (KIF12). Furthermore, an older sibling of the child homozygous for p.Val204Met missense mutation, who was also found to have cholestasis, had the same homozygous mutation, thus identifying the cause of the underlying liver disease. Conclusion: Our findings implicate rare homozygous mutations in KIF12 in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease with high GGT in 3 previously undiagnosed children.
Establishment of a bead‐based duplex assay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of Neuropilin‐1 and Neuropilin‐2 using xMAP technology and its clinical application
Authors: Huang Zi‐Lan , Meng Pei‐Pei , Yang Yun , Wang Sheng‐Yu , Zhang Xiu‐fang , Luo Fang‐Hong , Yan Jiang‐Hua , Wu Ting
Published: February 2019

Background

Neuropilins (Nrps) are a new type of broad‐spectrum tumor marker. Currently, a method for accurate simultaneous quantification of Nrps is not available. We aimed to develop a bead‐based and duplexed flow cytometric assay that could be used for accurate and simultaneous quantification of Nrp1 and Nrp2 for scientific research or clinical diagnosis.

Methods

We coupled anti‐human Nrp1‐11# mAb and anti‐human Nrp2‐C3 mAb to magnetic beads 18# and 25#, respectively. Capturing antibodies and detecting antibodies were then combined to detect Nrps by a bead‐based Luminex assay, which was subsequently applied to quantify Nrps in clinical serum samples.

Results

The results showed that the detection value of Nrps ranged from 10 to 100 000 pg/mL for Nrp1 and from 25 to 100 000 pg/mL for Nrp2. The detection sensitivity reached 10 pg/mL for Nrp1 and 24.8 pg/mL for Nrp2. Intra‐assay variances ranged from 1.0% to 2.6% for Nrp1 and from 2.9% to 4.0% for Nrp2, and interassay variances ranged from 1.5% to 6.4% for Nrp1 and from 4.2% to 8.1% for Nrp2. The Nrp1 and Nrp2 recoveries were 96.6%‐103.6% and 95.6%‐102.3%, respectively. Irrelevant antigens had no interference in the paired‐detection system, and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were stable for months.

Conclusion

A bead‐based, duplexed flow cytometric assay (xMAP® technology) was developed to detect Nrp1 and Nrp2. The assay provided rapid, high‐throughput results and was much more sensitive, specific, reproducible, and stable than existing assays. In addition, this assay could be applied in early‐stage cancer screening, tumor malignancy analysis, and prognosis assessment.
Applying mixed‐effects modeling to single‐subject designs: An introduction
Authors: DeHart William B. , Kaplan Brent A.
Published: February 2019

Behavior analysis and statistical inference have shared a conflicted relationship for over fifty years. However, a significant portion of this conflict is directed toward statistical tests (e.g.,t‐tests, ANOVA) that aggregate group and/or temporal variability into means and standard deviations and as a result remove much of the data important to behavior analysts. Mixed‐effects modeling, a more recently developed statistical test, addresses many of the limitations of more basic tests by incorporating random effects. Random effects quantify individual subject variability without eliminating it from the model, hence producing a model that can predict both group and individual behavior. We present the results of a generalized linear mixed‐effects model applied to single‐subject data taken from Ackerlund Brandt, Dozier, Juanico, Laudont, & Mick, 2015, in which children chose from one of three reinforcers for completing a task. Results of the mixed‐effects modeling are consistent with visual analyses and importantly provide a statistical framework to predict individual behavior without requiring aggregation. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results and provide recommendations for further integration of mixed‐effects models in the analyses of single‐subject designs.
A comparative study of intense surface cyclones off the coasts of southeastern Brazil and Mozambique
Authors: Rosa Marcelo Barbio , Satyamurty Prakki , Ferreira Nelson Jezus , Silva Luiz Tadeu
Published: February 2019

An analysis of two groups of near‐surface intense cyclonic vortices, one off the southeastern Brazil coast and the other off the Mozambique coast, in the period 1979–2012 is undertaken for comparison of their characteristics with the help of the TRACK algorithm and the NCEP2 Reanalysis data sets. The aim is to understand the nature of intense cyclogeneses in those two subtropical coastal regions. Although the two groups form in almost the same latitude belt and under similar conditions and thus have some common features, they differ in several evolution and movement characteristics. The South American intense cyclones are more frequent. They move rapidly into southern South Atlantic while the African cyclones remain quasi‐stationary during the first 2 days of their life time. Thermal structures show that the Mozambique Channel region presents more conditional instability. The South American intense cyclones present more kinetic energy than their counterparts in the first 2 days. The precipitation around the South American cyclones decreases gradually. The Mozambique Channel cyclones gain kinetic energy after moving away from the Madagascar Island and preserve their baroclinity longer and therefore the mean precipitation rate around their centres remains constant. The sea surface temperature, the geographical features and the circulation characteristics of the two regions are responsible for the differences. Eventually, after 4 days of their formation, cyclones of both the groups join the Southern Hemispheric extratropical storm‐tracks.
Association between lay perception of morbidity and appropriateness of specialized health care use in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Beauséjour Marie , Goulet Lise , Roy‐Beaudry Marjolaine , Grimard Guy , Labelle Hubert
Published: February 2019

In absence of school scoliosis screening programs (SSSP) in Canada, this study examined the relationships between the lay person's perception of morbidity and the appropriateness of referral in orthopedics. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with all children consecutively referred in orthopedics for suspected scoliosis. The 831 participants were classified as Appropriate, Late, or Inappropriate referrals for the orthopedic setting. Perceived morbidity was operationalized by: the scoliosis detection originator, the perceptions of the seriousness of the condition and urgency to consult a physician, the perception of the general health, as well as Visible Back Deformity, Self‐image, and Pain. Direct associations between the perceived morbidity and the appropriateness of referral were found in all scoliosis‐specific measures; the most discriminant variable was Visible Back Deformity. Lay perceived morbidity is a good indicator of the objective morbidity, and thus reflects in the appropriateness of referral status. The important role of the lay persons in symptoms appraisal does not however insure appropriate referral. Searching for alternatives to SSSP would wisely include a health promotion and medical management program. Statement of Clinical Significance: Perceived morbidity by the lay persons is strongly associated with the objectively evaluated severity of scoliosis deformity. Therefore, in absence of SSSP, lay person awareness plays an important role in symptom recognition and search for care. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Management of gout in older people
Authors: Day Richard O. , Lau Wendy , Stocker Sophie L. , Aung Eindra , Coleshill Mathew J. , Schulz Marcel , Bechara Jacob , Carland Jane E. , Graham Garry G. , Williams Kenneth M. , McLachlan Andrew J.
Published: February 2019

Gout is an inflammatory musculoskeletal disorder with a prevalence of 1.6–6.8% in Australia. Gout is characterised by acute attacks of severe joint pain secondary to raised serum concentrations of uric acid and joint deposits of monosodium urate crystals. Recurrent attacks can affect quality of life and lead to irreversible joint damage. The prevalence of gout is increased in older people, and age‐related renal impairment, altered drug distribution and increased prevalence of comorbidities have significant consequences for safe and effective gout pharmacotherapy. For treatment of acute attacks in older people, dose reduction of colchicine may be needed due to renal impairment, and potential drug interactions require consideration. Use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is limited by peptic ulceration, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension and renal impairment. Short courses of oral glucocorticoids may be preferable. For long‐term urate‐lowering therapy, allopurinol, probenecid and febuxostat are available in Australia. Lower starting doses of allopurinol are recommended in patients with renal impairment, but dose escalation to achieve target urate should follow. Concerns regarding increased cardiovascular risk with febuxostat are relevant to older patients. Despite the availability of effective therapy, gout remains undertreated, with maintenance of urate‐lowering therapy a major challenge. Education of patients and health professionals is essential to improve adherence to therapy.
Current Knowledge, Barriers to Implementation, and Future Directions in Palliative Care for End‐Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Fricker Zachary P. , Serper Marina
Published: February 2019

End‐stage liver disease (ESLD) is associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality as well as symptom burden. Despite this, the rate of consultation with palliative care (PC) providers remains low, and invasive procedures near the end of life are commonplace. Studies show that involvement of PC providers improves patient satisfaction, and evidence from other chronic diseases demonstrates reduced costs of care and potentially increased survival. Better integration of PC is imperative but hindered by patient and provider misconceptions about its role in the care of patients with ESLD, specifically among candidates for liver transplantation. Additionally, reimbursement barriers and lack of provider knowledge may contribute to PC underutilization. In this review, we discuss the benefits of PC in ESLD, the variability of its delivery, and key stakeholders’ perceptions about its use. Additionally, we identify barriers to more widespread PC adoption and highlight areas for future research.
Developing effective social media messages: Insights from an exploratory study of industry experts
Authors: Majid Sarhang , Lopez Carmen , Megicks Phil , Lim Wai Mun
Published: February 2019

As consumers are increasingly utilizing the social network and media platforms for prepurchase information, managers are confronted with producing effective social media messages that can favorably influence buyers’ attitudes and behavioral intentions towards brands. A qualitative, in‐depth, elite interview investigation with social media marketing experts was undertaken to develop awareness of the factors influencing the effectiveness of social media marketing. Adopting a thematic analysis approach, this study establishes the three overriding themes of interactivity, credibility, and infotainment as being valuable in determining how social media marketing can enhance brand performance. Attitude theory and the hierarchy‐of‐effects model is utilized to support understanding and explain the decision making of social media users in this context. Overall, this study provides managers with a thorough explanation of the effects of the identified core themes on social media attitudes and intentions. Implications for social media marketing theory and practice are presented based upon the depth and breadth of knowledge attained from the analysis of the expert interview data.
Material nonlinear topology optimization considering the von Mises criterion through an asymptotic approach: Max strain energy and max load factor formulations
Authors: Zhao Tuo , Ramos Adeildo S. , Paulino Glaucio H.
Published: February 2019

This paper addresses material nonlinear topology optimization considering the von Mises criterion by means of an asymptotic analysis using a fictitious nonlinear elastic model. In this context, we consider the topology optimization problem subjected to prescribed energy, which leads to robust convergence in nonlinear problems. Two nested formulations are considered. In the first, the objective is to maximize the strain energy of the system in equilibrium, and in the second, the objective is to maximize the load factor. In both cases, a volume constraint is imposed. The sensitivity analysis is quite effective and efficient in the sense that there is no extra adjoint equation. In addition, the nonlinear structural equilibrium problem is solved using direct minimization of the structural strain energy using Newton's method with an inexact line‐search strategy. Four numerical examples demonstrate the features of the proposed material nonlinear topology optimization framework for approximating standard von Mises plasticity.
Proteomic Profiling of Mouse Helper T Cell Differentiation
Authors: van den Ham Henk‐Jan , Binai Nadine A. , Zaaraoui‐Boutahar Fatiha , Heck Albert J. R. , Andeweg Arno C.
Published: February 2019

Helper T cell differentiation is a key process in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. Here, mouse Th1 and Th2 cells are profiled using high‐throughput proteomics to increase the understanding of the molecular biology of Th differentiation to support the design of prophylactic and therapeutic intervention strategies for (infectious) diseases. Protein profiling of Th1/Th2 differentiated cells results in the quantification of almost 6000 proteins of which 41 are differentially expressed at FDR < 0.1, and 19 at the FDR < 0.05 level, respectively. Differential protein expression analysis identifies a number of the expected canonical Th differentiation markers, and gene set analysis using the REACTOME database and a hypergeometric test (FDR < 0.05) confirms that helper T cell pathways are the top sets that are differentially expressed. Additionally, by network analysis, many differentially expressed proteins are associated with the Th1 and Th2 pathways. Data are available via PRIDE database with identifier PXD004532.
Integration of Metal Nanoparticles into Metal–Organic Frameworks for Composite Catalysts: Design and Synthetic Strategy
Authors: Li Bo , Ma Jian‐Gong , Cheng Peng
Published: February 2019

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed by periodically alternate metal ions with organic ligands, which offer structural diversity and a wide range of interesting properties as an attractive classification of crystalline porous materials. Integration of MOFs with other size‐limited functional centers can supply new multifunctional composites, which exhibit both the properties of the components and new characteristics due to the combination of MOFs with the selected loadings. In recent years, integration of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) into MOFs to form the composite catalysts has attracted considerable attention due to the superior performance. In this review, the latest studies and up‐to‐date developments on the design and synthetic strategy of new MNP@MOF composite catalysts are specifically highlighted. Both the achievements and problems are evaluated and proposed, and the opportunities and challenges of MNP@MOF composite catalysts are discussed.
A review of the application of the name Quercus dalechampii
Authors: Di Pietro Romeo , Viscosi Vincenzo , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Fortini Paola
Published: February 2019

European taxonomists are divided regarding Quercus dalechampii, considering it either: (1) a distinct species close to Q. petraea, (2) a distinct species close to Q. pubescens, or (3) falling within the morphological variability of previously described species, including Q. petraea and Q. pubescens. These taxonomic disagreements are largely due to inconsistencies between the description of Q. dalechampii and much of its original material. In order to resolve these differing interpretations, all available original material was examined and a lectotype, superseding a previous neotype, was chosen from this material. The original material for the name consisted of mixed material belonging both to the Q. petraea complex and the Q. pubescens complex. The lectotype designated here is characterized by pubescent leaves and belongs to the Q. pubescens complex.
Nrf2 mediates the protective effect of edaravone after chlorpyrifos‐induced nervous system toxicity
Authors: Shou Limeng , Bei Yun , Song Ying , Wang Libo , Ai Liyao , Yan Qinying , He Wei
Published: February 2019

We aim to confirm the impairment of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in PC12 cells, evaluate the protective effect of edaravone on CPF‐induced injury, and try to unravel its underlying mechanism perspective from Nrf2 signaling pathway. Viability of PC12 cells treated with CPF and edaravone (Ed) were evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was observed by the Hoechst 33342 stain. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to evaluate the oxidative stress injury. The expression of Nrf2 was detected by Western blot; profoundly, RNA interference was conducted to construct Nrf2 gene knockdown PC12 cells and to uncover its underlying mechanism. MTT results showed CPF injured PC12 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Increased ROS and MDA content, decreased total SOD activity, or even apoptosis were occurred in PC12 cells when treated with CPF. Interestingly, CPF‐induced cell injury was conspicuously reversed after Ed administration. Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated after Ed treatment and the neuroprotective effect of Ed was not significant in cells after Nrf2 gene knockdown. In conclusion, Ed exerts neuroprotective effect on CPF‐induced oxidative stress injury and its mechanism was correlated with the Nrf2 signaling pathway.