bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preservation and Quality Evaluation of Sisnu (Urtica plaviflora) by Making Gundruk like Fermented Product
Authors: Mishra Achyut , Kharel Ganga Prasad
Published: June 2013

Sisnu (nettle buds) of variety Urtica plaviflora, an under explored herb of Himalayan region, was preserved by fermentation followed by drying process and quality was evaluated. Chemical analyses of fresh Sisnu was found to be 84.4% moisture, 3.64g crude protein, 4.15g ash, 1.66g fiber, 0.52g fat, 64.10mg potassium, 23.65mg calcium, 17.17mg Sodium and 32.12mg iron per 100g samples on dry basis. The protein and potassium contents were found approximately six times higher than other leafy vegetables. In fermented product, ash, calcium and potassium contents were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Fermentation was carried out as control, by adding 1% salt, 1% sugar and with the combination of 1% salt and 1% sugar. All fermented products have typical acidic flavor of Gundruk with additional putrid flavor. From the statistical analysis, color of the dried fermented products were significantly indifferent (p>0.05) but flavor and test of salt and or sugar added products were significantly different (p<0.05) from the control. J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 6 (114-117), 2010 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8272
Defining and Characterizing Open Peer Review: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Ford Emily
Published: June 2013

Changes in scholarly publishing have resulted in a move toward openness. To this end, new, open models of peer review are emerging. While the scholarly literature has examined and discussed open peer review, no established definition of it exists, nor are there uniform implementations of open peer review processes. This article examines the literature discussing open peer review, identifies common open peer review definitions, and describes eight common characteristics of open peer review: signed review, disclosed review, editor-mediated review, transparent review, crowd-sourced review, pre-publication review, synchronous review, and post-publication review. This article further discusses benefits and challenges to the scholarly publishing community posed by open peer review and concludes that open peer review can and should exist within the current scholarly publishing paradigm.
Science and Yiddish Don't Mix: Really?
Authors: Maor Eli
Published: June 2013

Mention the word ‘Yiddish’ and images of literary works—novels and plays, short stories and drama, and works on Jewish history—instantly come to mind. But science? Certainly this was not a subject most East European Jews were interested in—or so we have been led to believe. It thus came to the author as a surprise that books on science have, indeed, been published in Yiddish, sometimes translated from other languages but just as often written originally in Yiddish. These works range from popular exposition of scientific subjects to full-length textbooks intended for use by elementary and secondary students at Jewish schools. The author's interest in this aspect of Yiddish books soon led him to collect them. What he found was a true eye opener.
Auditing Social Science and Humanities Journals: The View of an Editor in a Malaysian Research University
Authors: Nambiar Radha M. K.
Published: June 2013

It is common practice for a university to have many journals located within different schools and faculties in order to help young researchers publish their work and gain confidence in their writing abilities. The focus of this paper is with the journals that are not listed in databases and cater only to academics within a school to serve as an avenue for publication. When the National University of Malaysia was accorded research university status recently, publications and research became an important indicator of the performance of the university. This led to a new demand for publications in indexed journals and for increasing citations. Hence, it was timely to conduct an ‘in-house evaluation’ of journals within the university, focusing particularly on the social sciences and humanities journals. An evaluation was conducted using the basic criteria for journals included in the database Scopus, and measures were then proposed to improve the journals. This exercise was meant to help the journals that had a long publishing history to rise to the challenges of being scholarly journals in an era of competitiveness, databases and indexes.
Oxygenated Polyketides from Plakinastrella mamillaris as a New Chemotype of PXR Agonists
Authors: Festa Carmen , D'Amore Claudio , Renga Barbara , Lauro Gianluigi , Marino Simona , D'Auria Maria , Bifulco Giuseppe , Zampella Angela , Fiorucci Stefano
Published: July 2013

Further purification of the apolar extracts of the sponge Plakinastrella mamillaris, afforded a new oxygenated polyketide named gracilioether K, together with the previously isolated gracilioethers E–G and gracilioethers I and J. The structure of the new compound has been elucidated by extensive NMR (1H and 13C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY) and ESI-MS analysis. With the exception of gracilioether F, all compounds are endowed with potent pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) agonistic activity and therefore represent a new chemotype of potential anti-inflammatory leads. Docking calculations suggested theoretical binding modes of the identified compounds, compatible with an agonistic activity on hPXR, and clarified the molecular basis of their biological activities.
Biochemical Characterization of Prion Strains in Bank Voles
Authors: Pirisinu Laura , Marcon Stefano , Di Bari Michele Angelo , D'Agostino Claudia , Agrimi Umberto , Nonno Romolo
Published: July 2013

Prions exist as different strains exhibiting distinct disease phenotypes. Currently, the identification of prion strains is still based on biological strain typing in rodents. However, it has been shown that prion strains may be associated with distinct PrPSc biochemical types. Taking advantage of the availability of several prion strains adapted to a novel rodent model, the bank vole, we investigated if any prion strain was actually associated with distinctive PrPSc biochemical characteristics and if it was possible to univocally identify strains through PrPSc biochemical phenotypes. We selected six different vole-adapted strains (three human-derived and three animal-derived) and analyzed PrPSc from individual voles by epitope mapping of protease resistant core of PrPSc (PrPres) and by conformational stability and solubility assay. Overall, we discriminated five out of six prion strains, while two different scrapie strains showed identical PrPSc types. Our results suggest that the biochemical strain typing approach here proposed was highly discriminative, although by itself it did not allow us to identify all prion strains analyzed.
Remarques sur les emplois de l'adjectif ἀγρότερος dans l'épopée et la poésie lyrique
Authors: Mauduit Christine
Published: July 2013

L'analyse des emplois de l'adjectif ἀγρότερος dans l'épopée et la poésie lyrique permet de corriger la présentation qu'en donnent les dictionnaires. Chez Homère, ce qualificatif signifie tantôt «agreste» par opposition à «montagnard», tantôt «sauvage» par opposition à «domestique». Appliqué ultérieurement à des fauves, il est alors connote par l'idée de férocité, avec une contamination probable du sémantisme d'ἄργιος. Le sens de «chasseresse» pour l'épiclèse Άγροτέρα apparaît chez les Lyriques, en relation avec le culte d'Artémis Agrotéra. Il sous-tend également, chez Pindare, quelques emplois qui ne concernent plus la déesse.
Gain in Quality-adjusted Life-years in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis During 1 Year of Biological Therapy: A Prospective Study in Clinical Practice
Authors: Linde Louise , Sørensen Jan , Østergaard Mikkel , Hetland Merete Lund
Published: July 2013

Objective.

The quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) is used to measure outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) studies; identification of drivers of a gain in QALY might help predict a treatment response. We investigated how changes in components of the Disease Activity Score-28 joints (DAS28) were associated with the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) responses; and what baseline variables predicted the change in QALY following 1 year of biological therapy.

Methods.

Data were collected at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months of biological therapy in Danish patients with RA and included bDAS28, sociodemographic data, comorbidity, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and EQ-5D scored using the Danish algorithm. A cross-tabulation based on EULAR versus EQ-5D responses was performed, and the association of each DAS28 component across the EULAR/EQ-5D response groups was tested. Predictors of a change in QALY were assessed in a multiple regression model including baseline clinical and patient-reported data as explanatory variables.

Results.

In total, 315 patients entered the study; 77% were women, 78% IgM rheumatoid factor-positive, with mean age 55 (SD 13) years, disease duration 10 (SD 8) years, mean DAS28 4.9 (SD 1.2), HAQ score 1.22 (SD 0.70), and EQ-5D score 0.60 (SD 0.19). Sixty-eight percent of patients gained QALY; the mean gain was 0.14 (SD 0.13). The patient global score was strongly correlated with both EULAR and EQ-5D responses. The gain in QALY increased with increasing patient global score and number of swollen joints, but not with C-reactive protein (CRP).

Conclusion.

The subjective patient global score was the best baseline predictor of gain in QALY following biological therapy, while the objective CRP measure had no predictive value. It seems that no sharp demarcation between objective and subjective measures could be determined.
La Loire vivante : un territoire pilote ?
Authors: Arnould Martin
Published: July 2013

La coopération de nombreuses associations, la professionnalisation de quelques militants par le WWF-International, l’occupation du site des grands travaux projetés, ont permis de rendre la vie à un fleuve que des travaux d’aménagement se proposaient de corseter encore davantage.
Obama II : quel avenir pour l'alliance transatlantique ?
Authors: Niblett Robin
Published: June 2013

Le second mandat de Barack Obama offre une opportunité de relance de la relation transatlantique. Si l’Europe et les États-Unis sont avant tout absorbés par leurs problèmes internes respectifs, ils peuvent néanmoins tenter d’apporter des solutions communes à des problèmes qui les concernent l’un comme l’autre : le terrorisme international, l’instabilité persistante du Moyen-Orient, la crise économique ou encore la montée en puissance de la Chine. politique étrangère
Les États-Unis vers l'indépendance énergétique ?
Authors: Nardon Laurence
Published: June 2013

L’exploitation par les États-Unis de leurs réserves d’hydrocarbures « non conventionnels » relance leur économie. Elle a également des effets sur leur autonomie énergétique, et donc sur leur positionnement en termes géopolitiques. S’il est peu probable que les rapports de Washington avec la région moyen-orientale en soient fondamentalement modifiés, les relations avec la Chine, la Russie ou l’Europe pourraient en être affectées. Les États-Unis vont devoir intégrer ces données nouvelles dans leur stratégie globale.
Washington et le Proche-Orient : le jeu des nuances
Authors: Hage-Ali Chady
Published: June 2013

Au cours du premier mandat de Barack Obama, la politique proche-orientale américaine a suscité beaucoup de déception, en particulier chez les Palestiniens. Le président américain entend désormais jouer un rôle plus actif dans la région, où les dossiers sensibles ne manquent pas, du nucléaire iranien à la guerre civile en Syrie en passant par le conflit israélo-palestinien. Il pourra compter sur l’aide de John Kerry qui a remplacé Hillary Clinton au poste de secrétaire d’État.
La nouvelle posture militaire américaine en Asie
Authors: Brustlein Corentin
Published: June 2013

Après les retraits d’Irak et d’Afghanistan, les États-Unis comptent réorienter leur stratégie militaire vers l’Asie. Ce recentrage se traduit notamment par un renforcement des partenariats bilatéraux avec certains pays asiatiques, par des déploiements supplémentaires d’hommes et de matériels, ainsi que par l’élaboration d’un nouveau concept opérationnel. Les contraintes budgétaires, comme l’incertitude stratégique, amènent pourtant à s’interroger sur sa mise en œuvre à long terme.
De Clinton à Obama, les États-Unis et l'Afrique
Authors: Cooke Jennifer G.
Published: June 2013

Les administrations de Bill Clinton et de George W. Bush ont sensiblement développé l’engagement américain en Afrique : redéfinition des intérêts stratégiques, développement d’importants programmes humanitaires, sanitaires, investissement économique et militaire. La première administration Obama a déçu les attentes, semblant quelque peu négliger le continent africain. Le deuxième mandat de Barack Obama renouvellera-t-il l’engagement américain, au double niveau humanitaire et économique ?
Certifier les ressources minérales dans la région des Grands Lacs
Authors: De Putter Thierry , Delvaux Charlotte
Published: June 2013

La « certification » des minerais provenant de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs vise à prohiber un commerce qui enrichit les groupes armées. Le caractère critique pour les pays développés de certaines de ces ressources minérales explique néanmoins que l’économie ait pris le pas sur l’éthique. En dépit des accords internationaux, on peut parler d’un échec du processus de certification tant qu’il n’y aura pas de mesures contraignantes et que la gouvernance ne s’améliorera pas. politique étrangère
Le secteur minier en RDC : quelle transformation pour quel développement ?
Authors: de Failly Didier
Published: June 2013

La gestion du secteur minier de la RDC oppose aujourd’hui la logique de l’industrialisation à celle de l’exploitation artisanale. L’action publique est dans ce pays largement impuissante, voire contre-productive. Seule une action résolue de la société civile allant dans le sens d’une hausse de la capacité d’autonomie des divers acteurs de l’exploitation artisanale rendrait possible la cohabitation entre ces deux logiques, en faveur du développement dans une région minée par les conflits.
Le renouvellement de la Commission militaire centrale chinoise
Authors: Richard Delphine
Published: June 2013

Après d’intenses tractations, le 18 e Congrès du Parti communiste chinois a nommé les 11 nouveaux membres de la Commission militaire centrale (CMC), organe de commandement de l’Armée populaire de libération. La nouvelle composition de cette CMC reflète les profondes mutations en cours au sein de l’appareil militaire chinois – modernisation de son armement, autonomisation de ses diverses composantes – et, dans une moindre mesure, l’évolution de la relation entre le Parti et l’armée.
La guerre de trois mois : l'intervention française au Mali en perspectives
Authors: Goya Michel
Published: June 2013

L’intervention au Mali a permis de réduire significativement le potentiel des djihadistes opérant au Sahel. Ce succès a été rendu possible par la conjonction d’une prise de décision politique claire et d’un dispositif militaire efficace. Cette opération a toutefois révélé des carences, notamment capacitaires, et mis en avant la nécessité d’apporter un soutien durable à l’armée malienne qui ne pourrait faire face, même appuyée par une force onusienne, à une possible reconstitution des groupes djihadistes. politique étrangère
L'euro, une utopie monétaire
Authors: d’Argenson Pierre-Henri
Published: June 2013

La zone euro n’est pas un édifice stable et durable. Sa mise en place n’a pas entraîné la convergence économique espérée entre ses différents membres. Au contraire, l’avènement de la monnaie unique n’a fait que renforcer les déséquilibres internes. Les tentatives de convergence forcée par le truchement d’une politique budgétaire coercitive sont elles aussi vouées à l’échec. Dans ces conditions, le retour à un panier de monnaies nationales apparaît comme la meilleure solution pour sortir de la crise. politique étrangère
Siger de Brabant et la notion d' operans intrinsecum : un coup de maître ?
Authors: Brenet Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2013

L’article porte sur la notion d’ operans intrinsecum que Siger de Brabant, en riposte à Thomas d’Aquin, place au centre de son De anima intellectiva pour repenser le rapport de l’intellect au corps. Prenant comme modèle l’automotricité céleste, on montre deux choses : premièrement, que Siger trouve dans l’Aquinate les éléments de sa propre solution (sans qu’il s’agisse d’un pur et simple transfert d’une position thomasienne) ; deuxièmement, qu’il le fait avec pertinence en retrouvant dans Thomas d’Aquin l’une des sources muette, mais décisive, de sa cosmologie : Averroès. Loin d’être l’échappatoire misérable qu’on dénonçait jadis, ni même un premier pas vers la noétique de Thomas, l’« opérant intrinsèque » est le concept subtil et sensé d’un maître venu enrichir de physique averroïste son exégèse contestée du De anima .
Les thomismes de langue allemande au xx e siècle
Authors: Holzer Vincent
Published: June 2013

Tributaires de sources relativement unifiées, les thomismes de langue allemande au xx e siècle se sont cependant diversifiés en des courants qui ne sauraient être ramenés à des positions parfaitement compatibles. Sous l’impulsion de Joseph Maréchal et de sa large réception, le thomisme allemand au xx e siècle a pris la forme de la question transcendantale , exprimée sous la forme d’une proposition qui se trouva au centre du débat de controverse : « In omni iudicio (...) Esse subsistens implicite attingitur seu cognoscitur ». La thèse formulée par Johannes Baptist Lotz présuppose que la question métaphysique au sujet de l’être intègre la question transcendantale qui ne porte plus sur l’objet à connaître, mais sur le sujet qui dans tout acte de jugement ( Urteil ) accède à la connaissance de la Totalité. C’est le caractère problématique et controversé de cette affirmation cardinale au sujet de l’ esse qui constitue la matière de notre recherche, en vue d’une évaluation critique. En dernière analyse, le thomisme transcendantal se donne pour tâche de dégager un horizon de compréhension qui rende pensable et audible un événement de révélation.
Le thomisme de l'École de Lvov-Varsovie et du Cercle de Cracovie
Authors:  Pouivet Roger
Published: June 2013

Un thomisme proprement polonais s’est développé au xx e siècle. Il se trouve principalement dans les travaux de Jan Salamucha, un prêtre, de Józef Bocheński, un dominicain, et de Jan Drewnowski, un laïc. Ils formèrent le « Cercle de Cracovie ». Actif dans les années 1930, avant même sa reconnaissance en quelque sorte officielle en 1936, le Cercle de Cracovie disparaît en 1939 quand l’Allemagne à l’Ouest et l’Union soviétique à l’Est envahissent la République de Pologne et prétendent de nouveau éliminer la Pologne de la carte de l’Europe. Ce thomisme polonais, lui, ne disparaît pas. Il se maintient dans les travaux propres du père Bocheński, jusqu’à sa mort en 1995. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, on trouve aussi une attention marquée à saint Thomas à l’Université catholique de Lublin, avec Mieczysław Krą̨piec, o. p. ; également à l’Université jagellonne, avec un philosophe et théologien, prêtre, évêque, cardinal et pape, Karol Wojtyła ; et aujourd’hui dans ce qu’on appelle le « thomisme conséquent » du professeur Mieczysław Gogacz, à l’Université Cardinal Wyszyński de Varsovie. L’article met cependant l’accent sur Jan Salamucha et Józef Bocheński. Leur lecture de saint Thomas anticipe qu’on appelle aujourd’hui le « thomisme analytique », voire la « philosophie analytique de la religion » et la « théologie analytique ».
De foi en foi
Authors: Jossua Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2013

Pierre-André Liégé, o.p., l’apôtre infatigable, l’un des rénovateurs de la catéchèse, a été un théologien original. Malheureusement, il ne reste de lui que quelques articles, des brochures et de petits livres, des contributions à la première  Initiation théologique . C’est surtout comme théologien de la foi qu’il a marqué. La présente note passe en revue à ce sujet un certain nombre de ses publications de type catéchétique et analyse l’une des études de l’ Initiation . Un portrait confessant, intellectuel et spirituel est ainsi esquissé.
Conceptualisation des espaces sahéliens chez les auteurs arabes du Moyen Âge
Authors: Ducène Jean-Charles
Published: June 2013

Si les auteurs arabes médiévaux constituent une source unique pour la connaissance des espaces sahéliens, il n’en reste pas moins que ces observateurs définissent ces régions selon les concepts géographiques ou ethniques du moment (ixe–xe siècle). Les principes directeurs de la géographie de l’époque imposent une définition mathématique et déterminent une ethnographie pour ces contrées, alors que les conditions naturelles semblent légitimer cette vision qui établit une forte différenciation entre les populations du Nord et du Sud du Sahara, ce dernier espace étant plus un lieu de transition qu’une barrière. Ces cadres une fois constitués, les informations recueillies viennent y trouver place sans entraîner une redéfinition de l’ensemble ou en préciser les contours, et ceci malgré la pénétration de l’islam et la densification des relations entre les Arabes et le bilād al-Sūdān, à partir du xiie siècle. Les toponymes se multiplient ainsi que les « observations » culturelles, celles-ci fondées sur le principe que plus le comportement s’éloigne de ce que connaît l’observateur, plus il est remarquable.
Cytopathology of neoplastic meningitis: A series of 66 cases from a tertiary care center
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Mathur Sandeep R. , Iyer V. K. , Jain Deepali
Published: June 2013

Background:

Neoplastic meningitis (NM) is a condition characterized by leptomeningeal involvement by metastatic carcinoma. Detection of exfoliated malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to meningeal metastasis is frequently associated with diverse neurologic presentations.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study of all cases of NM diagnosed in CSF samples over a 20-year period at a tertiary care referral center, the cytomorphologic features were reviewed.

Results:

Sixty six cases of NM were identified of which 36 already had an established diagnosis of malignancy while in 30 patients, there was no previously known tumor. The most common known primary in the former group was breast followed by ovary. Single cell pattern, cellular cannibalism, moderate cytoplasm and rounded nuclei were seen in breast and lung tumors. Papillary architecture and cytoplasmic vacuolation were seen in the ovarian primaries. Melanin pigment was seen in malignant melanoma.

Conclusion:

CSF cytology is an important tool for diagnosis of NM. Cytomorphologic features helped in diagnosis and for prediction of the primary site. Correct identification of this condition is important as it has therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Camptodactyly-Arthropathy-Coxa Vara-Pericarditis Syndrome: Important Differential for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Kakkar Ritu Manoj , Soneji Sameer , Badhe Rashmi R. , Desai Shrinivas B.
Published: June 2013

Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by congenital or early-onset flexion camptodactyly, childhood-onset of non-inflammatory arthropathy, often associated with non-inflammatory pericarditis or pericardial effusion and progressive coxa vara. The causative gene is located on chromosome band 1q25-31. This gene encodes for “proteoglycan-4” (PRG-4), which is a surface lubricant for joints and tendons. This syndrome has distinct radiological and histological features, which are important to recognize since it may clinically mimic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and mutation studies may not be easily available. We describe a case of a 3-year 3-month-old female with features of CACP syndrome.
Spontaneous Biliary Peritonitis in Children
Authors: Kohli Supreethi , Singhal Anu , Arora Anita , Singhal Sanjeev
Published: June 2013

Pediatric Spontaneous Bile duct perforation is a rare clinical condition with only around 150 cases reported worldwide. Early management gives excellent prognosis but the condition often presents a diagnostic dilemma. Hepato-biliary Technetium-99m-iminodiacetic acid scintiscan is the diagnostic investigation of choice but its availability in third world countries is limited. We present two cases of spontaneous biliary peritonitis in children, which were diagnosed without scintiscanning. The first case was a one-and -a half-year-old child, who was diagnosed with biliary peritonitis without pneumoperitoneum by a combination of Ultrasound (USG), Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The child underwent USG-guided drainage and subsequent cholecystectomy with hepatico-jejunostomy. The second child also had biliary peritonitis without pneumoperitoneum, which was initially suspected on USG. CECT revealed dilated gall bladder and fluid collection in sub-hepatic space and pelvis. Abdominal paracentesis revealed presence of bile. The child responded to conservative therapy. Both are doing well on two-year follow-up. In a patient with jaundice, biliary tract abnormalities and/or free fluid, either generalized or localized to peri-cholecystic/sub-hepatic space on USG/CT/MRI, in the absence of pneumoperitoneum, suggest a diagnosis of biliary perforation even in the absence of scintiscanning.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Losartan-Copper Complex Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Ul Hassan Syed S , Zaidi Syeda FA , Tariq Imran , Ansari Muhammad T
Published: July 2013

Purpose: To develop a new spectrophotometric method for the analysis of losartan potassium in pharmaceutical formulations by making its complex with copper.Method: A coloured complex based on UV/Vis spectroscopic method was developed for the determination of losartan potassium concentration in pharmaceutical formulations in the visible region. The colored complex of losartan was formed with cupric acetate (5:4). Analysis was carried out by the two methods - absorption ratio and calibration curve methods. The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision.Results: The λ maximum of the complex was recorded at 530 nm. Beer`s law was obeyed in the range of 10 - 50 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9989. Mean analytical results from the calibration curve and absorption ratio methods were 99.42 and 99.16 % with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.97 and 0.82 %, respectively. Mean recovery was between 98.61 and 101.35 % and precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.91 %.Conclusion: The proposed method is simple, easy to apply, low-cost, and requires relatively inexpensive instruments. Thus, it is a suitable alternative to currently used spectrophotometric methods for the determination of losartan in bulk and solid dosage forms.Keywords: Losartan, Copper complex, Spectrophotometry, Validation
Ultrastructural Study of Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) Leaf and Antimicrobial Activity of its Methanol Extract against Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Rajoo Amala , Sasidharan Sreenivasan , Jothy Subramanion L , Ramanathan Surash , Mansor Sharif M
Published: July 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Elaeis guineensis leaf against Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the effect of extract treatment on the microstructure of the microbeMethods: The antimicrobial activity of the methanol leaf extract of the plant against S. aureus was examined using disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of S. aureus after treatment with the extract.Results: The extract showed a good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL and for Chloramphenicol was 30.00 ìg/mL. The main changes observed under SEM and TEM were structural disorganization of the cell membrane which occurred after 12 h and total collapse of the cell 36 h after exposure to the extract.Conclusion: We concluded that the methanolic extract of E. guineensis leaf exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and this is supported by SEM and TEM.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Elaeis guineensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy
Comparison of Reproducibility of Natural Head Position using Two Methods
Authors: Sanjay N , Khan Abdul Rahim , Rajesh RNG , Dinesh MR , Girish KS , Venkataraghavan Karthik
Published: June 2013

Lateral cephalometric radiographs have become virtually indispensable to orthodontists in the treatment of patients. They are important in orthodontic growth analysis, diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring of therapy and evaluation of final treatment outcome.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the maximum reproducibility with minimum variation of natural head position using two methods, i.e. the mirror method and the fluid level device method.

Materials and methods

The study included two sets of 40 lateral cephalograms taken using two methods of obtaining natural head position: (1) The mirror method and (2) fluid level device method, with a time interval of 2 months.

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects were randomly selected aged between 18 to 26 years

Exclusion criteria

• History of orthodontic treatment

• Any history of respiratory tract problem or chronic mouth breathing

• Any congenital deformity

• History of traumatically-induced deformity

• History of myofacial pain syndrome

• Any previous history of head and neck surgery.

Results

The result showed that both the methods for obtaining natural head position—the mirror method and fluid level device method were comparable, but maximum reproducibility was more with the fluid level device as shown by the Dahlberg's coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. The minimum variance was seen with the fluid level device method as shown by Precision and Pearson correlation.

Conclusion

The mirror method and the fluid level device method used for obtaining natural head position were comparable without any significance, and the fluid level device method was more reproducible and showed less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position.

Clinical significance

Fluid level device method was more reproducible and shows less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position.

How to cite this article

Khan AR, Rajesh RNG, Dinesh MR, Sanjay N, Girish KS, Venkataraghavan K. Comparison of Reproducibility of Natural Head Position using Two Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):31-39.
Clinical Evaluation of Caries Removal in Primary Teeth using Conventional, Chemomechanical and Laser Technique: An in vivo Study
Authors: Bohari Mariya R , Chunawalla Yusuf K , Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem
Published: June 2013

Aim

To evaluate four different techniques of caries excavation in primary teeth in terms of efficacy, efficiency and pain experienced during the procedure.

Materials and methods

Sample of 120 teeth from children aged 5 to 9 years were equally divided into 4 groups – Air rotor (group A), Carisolv (group B), Papacarie (group C) and Er:YAG laser (group D). Visual and tactile criteria along with DIAGNOdent pen value was used to evaluate efficacy. Time was recorded to determine efficiency and FLACC scale was used to assess the pain experienced.

Results

Air rotor and laser were more effective and efficient method whereas laser and CMCR methods were more comfortable methods.

Conclusion

Laser irradiation and CMCR methods are comparable to conventional methods in terms of effectiveness and are less painful methods.

Clinical significance

Newer techniques of CMCR and laser irradiation of dentinal caries are minimally invasive methods and are less painful and thus should be more frequently employed in pediatric dentistry.

How to cite this article

Bohari MR, Chunawalla YK, Ahmed BMN. Clinical Evaluation of Caries Removal in Primary Teeth using Conventional, Chemomechanical and Laser Technique: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):40-47.
Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study
Authors: Benjamin Shiny , LNU Roshni , Thomas Sabeena Susan , Nainan Mohan Thomas
Published: June 2013

Objective

Remineralization is an effective treatment that may stop or reverse early tooth decay. Grape seed extract (GSE) is the potential remineralizing agent under investigation.

Materials and methods

Sound human tooth sections were obtained from the cervical portion of the root and stored in demineralizing solution at 37°C for 96 hours to induce artificial root caries lesions. The sections were divided into four treatment groups including 6.5% grape seed extract, sodium monofluorophosphate (220 ppm) with 0.05% calcium glycerophosphate, 0.5% calcium glycerophosphate and control (no treatment). An in vitro pH cycling model was used to cycle the demineralized specimens through treatment solutions, acidic buffer and neutral buffer for 8 days at 6 cycles per day. Subsequently, they were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscope. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (p < 0.05).

Results

GSE revealed less demineralization and more remineralization compared with other groups.

Conclusion

GSE promotes remineralization of artificial root caries lesions.

Clinical significance

The search for the perfect remineralizing agent continues to this day. GSE could be a welcome addition to the remineralization armamentarium.

Abbreviations and acronyms

GSE: Grape seed extract; ppm: Parts per million; CaGP: Calcium glycerophosphate; CLSM: Confocal laser scanning microscope; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; PA: Proanthocyanidin; CEJ: Cementoenamel junction; mM: Millimole; CaCl2.2H2O: Calcium chloride dihydrate; KH2PO4: Potassium dehydrate phosphate; K2HPO4: Dipotassium phosphate; dH2O: Deionized water; w/v: Weight by volume; ROD: Relative optical density; nm: Nanometer; SD: Standard deviation.

How to cite this article

Benjamin S, Roshni, Thomas SS, Nainan MT. Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):425-430.
Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS)
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Bidar Maryam , Hooshiar Sepideh , Naderinasab Mahboubeh , Moazzami Mostafa , Orafaee Hossein , Naghavi Neda
Published: June 2013

Aim

To compare the antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and MUMS containing 2% chlorhexidine.

Materials and methods

All of the above irrigants were examined on Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei and E.coli. A total of 0.5 CC of each solution and 0.5 CC of McFarland solution bacterium were added to each examination tube. After 15, 30 and 45 minutes, colony count was performed for each tube. The difference in the number of bacteria indicated the effect taken by disinfectant material.

Results

MUMS containing chlorhexidine showed the antimicrobial properties just like chlorhexidine's effect against E.coli, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus casei in preventing these entire microorganisms to incubate. Sodium hypochlorite was not effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans incubated in 15, 30 and 45 minutes and Enterococcus faecalis in 15 minutes.

Conclusion

MUMS has antimicrobial properties similar to chlorhexidine.

Clinical significance

As MUMS containing chlorhexidine can transfer chlorhexidine through its own surfactant around apical area and it can open the dentinal tubules by its own chelator for more penetration of chlorhexidine, it may be a choice for canal irrigation.

How to cite this article

Bidar M, Hooshiar S, Naderinasab M, Moazzami M, Orafaee H, Naghavi N, Jafarzadeh H. Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS). J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4): 436-439.
Dynamic Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion Kinetics into the Pulp Cavity
Authors: Kwon So Ran , Yiming Li , Oyoyo Udochukwu , Aprecio Raydolfo M
Published: June 2013

Aim

To measure the time course hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp cavity and evaluate short-term tooth color changes after bleaching.

Materials and methods

Twenty extracted human canines were sectioned, pulp tissue removed and the cavity enlarged. Teeth were painted with nail varnish to leave a 6-mm diameter circle on the buccal surface. Baseline color was measured spectrophotometrically.

Teeth were randomized into a control group (n = 10) treated with 30 μl of glycerin base and a bleaching group (n = 10) exposed to 30 μl of 40% hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour. A linear low density polyethylene wrap was placed to prevent evaporation of the material. Acetate buffer was placed into the cavity and replenished every 10 minutes and placed into plastic tubes. Hydrogen peroxide amount was estimated spectrophotometrically using leukocrystal violet and horseradish peroxidase. Specimen color was remeasured immediately after bleaching, 1 hour, 1 day 1, 2 and 6 weeks postbleaching. Color change was measured per Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage methodology.

Mann-Whitney procedure was used to assess baseline color measurements and total hydrogen peroxide penetration amount. Friedman's test was used to assess within group differences for color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration.

Results

There was significantly greater hydrogen peroxide penetration in the bleaching group (p < 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide penetration levels were constant throughout the 1-hour evaluation period in the bleaching group. The groups showed no difference at baseline with respect to any of L*a*b color measurements (p > 0.05). The postbleaching color measurement showed an increase of change in overall color (ΔE) and lightness (ΔL) up to 1 week followed by a gradual stabilization up to 6 weeks.

Conclusion

This dynamic model provided information about the time course diffusion kinetics into the pulp cavity, demonstrating constant penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp cavity during a 1-hour bleaching session.

Clinical significance

A prolonged application of 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching material for 1 hour produces constant penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp cavity in vitro.

How to cite this article

Kwon SR, Li Y, Oyoyo U, Aprecio RM. Dynamic Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion Kinetics into the Pulp Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):440-445.
Effects of Citric Acid and EDTA on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces: A SEM Study
Authors: Prasad Sunkara Shree Ramalinga , Radharani Chitturi , Varma Siddhartha , Kumar SV Kiran , Sinha Soumya , Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem
Published: June 2013

Aim

Root debridement by scaling and root planing may not completely remove contaminated cementum particularly in more apical areas. The smear layer formed during root planing inhibits cell migration and attachment leading to impaired marginal periodontal healing. The present study was done to compare the morphological effects of root surface demineralization using citric acid and EDTA as root-conditioning agents.

Materials and methods

Thirty fragments of human dental roots previously exposed to periodontal disease were scaled and randomly divided into the following groups of treatment: Group I: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with normal saline for 5 minutes as control; group II: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with citric acid (pH 1) for 5 minutes and group III: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with EDTA (pH-7.4) for 5 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to check for the presence of residual smear layer and for measuring the number and area of exposed dentin tubules.

Results

The mean efficacy of smear layer removal was compared between groups I and II, groups I and III and groups II and III, it was found to be statistically significant at 5%. When the mean diameter of the dentinal tubules and mean total surface area occupied by the dentinal tubule orifices was compared between groups II and III it was found to be statistically significant at 1% level of significance.

Conclusion

Citric acid causes greater degree of morphological alterations than EDTA and is considered to be a better rootconditioning agent. However, the use of EDTA cannot be ruled out.

Clinical significance

This study supports the hypothesis that demineralizing agents can be used as an adjunct to the periodontal treatment aiming at restoring the biocompatibility of roots and helps in choosing an appropriate agent for root conditioning.

How to cite this article

Prasad SSR, Radharani C, Varma S, Kumar SVK, Sinha S, Bijle MNA. Effects of Citric Acid and EDTA on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces: A SEM study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):446-451.
In vitro Caries-Preventive Effect of Fluoridated Orthodontic Resins against Cariogenic Challenge Stimulation
Authors: Jawale Bhushan Arun , Patil Neeraj , Redasani Rahul , Chaudhari Lalit , Garde JB , Chauhan Vivek Singh
Published: June 2013

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro caries preventive effect of fluoridated orthodontic resins under pH cycling with two types of acid demineralizing saliva.

Materials and methods

Brackets were bonded to 120 extracted human premolars, using Rely-a-bond (n = 40), Tru- Bond (n = 40) and Ortho-one (n = 40) orthodontic bonding agents. Each group of resin was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 20): immersion in remineralizing artificial saliva for 14 days and acid saliva with pH 4.3. After 14 days of pH cycling the caries preventive effect on the development of white spot lesion was evaluated considering the presence of inhibition zones to white spot lesions using two scores: 0 = absence and 1 = presence. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests were used.

Results

Formation of white spot lesions was observed only under pH cycling using acid saliva with pH 4.3; with Rely-a-bond and Tru-Bond being significantly more effective in preventing the appearance of white spot lesions effect than Ortho-one.

Conclusion

The acidity of the demineralizing solution influenced the formation of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets under highly cariogenic conditions. Rely-a-bond and Tru-bond presented higher caries-preventive effect than Orthoone.

Clinical significance

The development of fluoride-containing materials cannot be regarded as a permanent means to control dental caries lesions, but a complement along with other preventive methods.

How to cite this article

Patil N, Jawale B, Redasani R, Chaudhari L, Garde JB, Chauhan VS. In vitro Caries-Preventive Effect of Fluoridated Orthodontic Resins against Cariogenic Challenge Stimulation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):452-455.
Comparing the Effect of Different Mouthrinses on de novo Plaque Formation
Authors: Narayanan Arun , Mendon Chaya
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Several antiplaque agents are being available in the market in spite of vast development of modern medical science, satisfactory treatment of ‘oral diseases’ by newer drugs is not fully achieved, rather the chemical compounds has exposed the patients to it is different ill effects, therefore, there is interest to find out effective remedy of any disease by harmless herbal drugs thus the aim of this study was to compare plaque formation at 24 hours after the use of Triphala, Hi ora, Chlorhexidine and colgate plax mouth washes.

Methods

A controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was designed. Thirty subjects underwent four consecutive experimental phases with four treatments: Triphala, Hi Ora, Chlorhexidine and colgate plax. On the day of study, the subjects discontinued all other oral hygiene habits and were randomly assigned for treatment with the experimental mouthwash. Each experimental phase was preceded by a 28- day washout period. Plaque formation was recorded after one undisturbed day.

Results

Triphala, Hi Ora and Chlorhexidine reduced de novo plaque formation to a greater extent than the colgate plax mouthwash (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Triphala and Hi Ora presents an anti-plaque efficacy similar to that of chlorhexdine, and was more effective at inhibiting plaque formation than the colgate plax mouth wash.

How to cite this article

Narayan A, Mendon C. Comparing the Effect of Different Mouthrinses on de novo Plaque Formation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):460-463.
Comparison of Chemical Aging and Water Immersion Time on Durability of Resin-Dentin Interface produced by an Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive
Authors: Botta Sergio Brossi , Matos Adriana Bona , Garbui Bruna Uglik , Reis Andre Figueiredo
Published: June 2013

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the influence of short-term NaOCl-storage and long-term water storage on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of etch-andrinse adhesive system to human dentin.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six third human molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6) according to the aging protocol: G1 (water, 24 hours); G2 (water, 6 months); G3 (water, 12 months); G4 (10% sodium hypochlorite – NaOCl, 1 hour); G5 (10% NaOCl, 3 hours) and G6 (10% NaOCl, 5 hours). A two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) was applied according to the manufacturers¡¦ instructions. A composite (Filtek Z250) was applied in four horizontal increments and was individually cured. Specimens were cut following the microtensile test technique, submitted to the different aging protocols, and tested in tension. The fracture pattern was observed in a stereomicroscope (40× magnification) and in a scanning electron microscope. The μTBS data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results

The effect of storage in 10% NaOCl for 1 or 3 hours was not significantly different from that of aging in distilled water (DW) for 6 or 12 months (p > 0.05). Beams immersed in DW for 24 hours and in 10% NaOCl for 5 hours showed the highest and lowest ìTBS values respectively.

Conclusion

The aging protocols negatively influenced dentin bond strength. Aging specimens in 10% NaOCl for 1 or 3 hours can be an alternative method for long-term water storage (6 or 12 months) bond strength studies.

Clinical significance

This aging protocol allows a quick achievement of longitudinal bond strength data, so that results are available to the professionals in this area while the materials are yet present at the dental market.

How to cite this article

Garbui BU, Botta SB, Reis AF, Matos AB. Comparison of Chemical Aging and Water Immersion Time on Durability of Resin-Dentin Interface produced by an Etchand- Rinse Adhesive. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):464-471.