bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic memory driven by topological insulators
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Aitian , Zhang Peng , He Haoran , Nance John , Guo Chenyang , Sasaki Julian , Shirokura Takanori , Hai Pham Nam , Fang Bin , Razavi Seyed Armin , Wong Kin , Wen Yan , Ma Yinchang , Yu Guoqiang , Carman Gregory P. , Han Xiufeng , Zhang Xixiang , Wang Kang L.
Published: October 2021

Giant spin-orbit torque (SOT) from topological insulators (TIs) provides an energy efficient writing method for magnetic memory, which, however, is still premature for practical applications due to the challenge of the integration with magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Here, we demonstrate a functional TI-MTJ device that could become the core element of the future energy-efficient spintronic devices, such as SOT-based magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM). The state-of-the-art tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 102% and the ultralow switching current density of 1.2 × 105 A cm−2 have been simultaneously achieved in the TI-MTJ device at room temperature, laying down the foundation for TI-driven SOT-MRAM. The charge-spin conversion efficiency θSH in TIs is quantified by both the SOT-induced shift of the magnetic switching field (θSH = 1.59) and the SOT-induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) (θSH = 1.02), which is one order of magnitude larger than that in conventional heavy metals. These results inspire a revolution of SOT-MRAM from classical to quantum materials, with great potential to further reduce the energy consumption.
Somatic driver mutation prevalence in 1844 prostate cancers identifies ZNRF3 loss as a predictor of metastatic relapse
Authors: Fraser Michael , Livingstone Julie , Wrana Jeffrey L. , Finelli Antonio , He Housheng Hansen , van der Kwast Theodorus , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Bristow Robert G. , Boutros Paul C.
Published: October 2021

Driver gene mutations that are more prevalent in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) than localized disease represent candidate prognostic biomarkers. We analyze 1,844 localized (1,289) or mCRPC (555) tumors and quantify the prevalence of 113 somatic driver single nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number aberrations (CNAs), and structural variants (SVs) in each state. One-third are significantly more prevalent in mCRPC than expected while a quarter are less prevalent. Mutations in AR and its enhancer are more prevalent in mCRPC, as are those in TP53, MYC, ZNRF3 and PRKDC. ZNRF3 loss is associated with decreased ZNRF3 mRNA abundance, WNT, cell cycle & PRC1/2 activity, and genomic instability. ZNRF3 loss, RNA downregulation and hypermethylation are prognostic of metastasis and overall survival, independent of clinical and pathologic indices. These data demonstrate a strategy for identifying biomarkers of localized cancer aggression, with ZNRF3 loss as a predictor of metastasis in prostate cancer.
3D printed biomimetic cochleae and machine learning co-modelling provides clinical informatics for cochlear implant patients
Authors: Lei Iek Man , Jiang Chen , Lei Chon Lok , de Rijk Simone Rosalie , Tam Yu Chuen , Swords Chloe , Sutcliffe Michael P. F. , Malliaras George G. , Bance Manohar , Huang Yan Yan Shery
Published: October 2021

Cochlear implants restore hearing in patients with severe to profound deafness by delivering electrical stimuli inside the cochlea. Understanding stimulus current spread, and how it correlates to patient-dependent factors, is hampered by the poor accessibility of the inner ear and by the lack of clinically-relevant in vitro, in vivo or in silico models. Here, we present 3D printing-neural network co-modelling for interpreting electric field imaging profiles of cochlear implant patients. With tuneable electro-anatomy, the 3D printed cochleae can replicate clinical scenarios of electric field imaging profiles at the off-stimuli positions. The co-modelling framework demonstrated autonomous and robust predictions of patient profiles or cochlear geometry, unfolded the electro-anatomical factors causing current spread, assisted on-demand printing for implant testing, and inferred patients’ in vivo cochlear tissue resistivity (estimated mean = 6.6 kΩcm). We anticipate our framework will facilitate physical modelling and digital twin innovations for neuromodulation implants.
High-throughput and high-efficiency sample preparation for single-cell proteomics using a nested nanowell chip
Authors: Woo Jongmin , Williams Sarah M. , Markillie Lye Meng , Feng Song , Tsai Chia-Feng , Aguilera-Vazquez Victor , Sontag Ryan L. , Moore Ronald J. , Hu Dehong , Mehta Hardeep S. , Cantlon-Bruce Joshua , Liu Tao , Adkins Joshua N. , Smith Richard D. , Clair Geremy C. , Pasa-Tolic Ljiljana , Zhu Ying
Published: October 2021

Global quantification of protein abundances in single cells could provide direct information on cellular phenotypes and complement transcriptomics measurements. However, single-cell proteomics is still immature and confronts many technical challenges. Herein we describe a nested nanoPOTS (N2) chip to improve protein recovery, operation robustness, and processing throughput for isobaric-labeling-based scProteomics workflow. The N2 chip reduces reaction volume to <30 nL and increases capacity to >240 single cells on a single microchip. The tandem mass tag (TMT) pooling step is simplified by adding a microliter droplet on the nested nanowells to combine labeled single-cell samples. In the analysis of ~100 individual cells from three different cell lines, we demonstrate that the N2 chip-based scProteomics platform can robustly quantify ~1500 proteins and reveal membrane protein markers. Our analyses also reveal low protein abundance variations, suggesting the single-cell proteome profiles are highly stable for the cells cultured under identical conditions.
Microglia-specific overexpression of α-synuclein leads to severe dopaminergic neurodegeneration by phagocytic exhaustion and oxidative toxicity
Authors: Bido Simone , Muggeo Sharon , Massimino Luca , Marzi Matteo Jacopo , Giannelli Serena Gea , Melacini Elena , Nannoni Melania , Gambarè Diana , Bellini Edoardo , Ordazzo Gabriele , Rossi Greta , Maffezzini Camilla , Iannelli Angelo , Luoni Mirko , Bacigaluppi Marco , Gregori Silvia , Nicassio Francesco , Broccoli Vania
Published: October 2021

Recent findings in human samples and animal models support the involvement of inflammation in the development of Parkinson’s disease. Nevertheless, it is currently unknown whether microglial activation constitutes a primary event in neurodegeneration. We generated a new mouse model by lentiviral-mediated selective α-synuclein (αSYN) accumulation in microglial cells. Surprisingly, these mice developed progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons without endogenous αSYN aggregation. Transcriptomics and functional assessment revealed that αSYN-accumulating microglial cells developed a strong reactive state with phagocytic exhaustion and excessive production of oxidative and proinflammatory molecules. This inflammatory state created a molecular feed-forward vicious cycle between microglia and IFNγ-secreting immune cells infiltrating the brain parenchyma. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative and nitrosative molecule production was sufficient to attenuate neurodegeneration. These results suggest that αSYN accumulation in microglia induces selective DA neuronal degeneration by promoting phagocytic exhaustion, an excessively toxic environment and the selective recruitment of peripheral immune cells.
Coordination of fungal biofilm development by extracellular vesicle cargo
Authors: Zarnowski Robert , Noll Andrea , Chevrette Marc G. , Sanchez Hiram , Jones Ryley , Anhalt Hanna , Fossen Jen , Jaromin Anna , Currie Cameron , Nett Jeniel E. , Mitchell Aaron , Andes David R.
Published: October 2021

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans can form biofilms that protect it from drugs and the immune system. The biofilm cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that promote extracellular matrix formation and resistance to antifungal drugs. Here, we define functions for numerous EV cargo proteins in biofilm matrix assembly and drug resistance, as well as in fungal cell adhesion and dissemination. We use a machine-learning analysis of cargo proteomic data from mutants with EV production defects to identify 63 candidate gene products for which we construct mutant and complemented strains for study. Among these, 17 mutants display reduced biofilm matrix accumulation and antifungal drug resistance. An additional subset of 8 cargo mutants exhibit defects in adhesion and/or dispersion. Representative cargo proteins are shown to function as EV cargo through the ability of exogenous wild-type EVs to complement mutant phenotypic defects. Most functionally assigned cargo proteins have roles in two or more of the biofilm phases. Our results support that EVs provide community coordination throughout biofilm development in C. albicans.
Structural basis for high selectivity of a rice silicon channel Lsi1
Authors: Saitoh Yasunori , Mitani-Ueno Namiki , Saito Keisuke , Matsuki Kengo , Huang Sheng , Yang Lingli , Yamaji Naoki , Ishikita Hiroshi , Shen Jian-Ren , Ma Jian Feng , Suga Michihiro
Published: October 2021

Silicon (Si), the most abundant mineral element in the earth’s crust, is taken up by plant roots in the form of silicic acid through Low silicon rice 1 (Lsi1). Lsi1 belongs to the Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein subfamily in aquaporin and shows high selectivity for silicic acid. To uncover the structural basis for this high selectivity, here we show the crystal structure of the rice Lsi1 at a resolution of 1.8 Å. The structure reveals transmembrane helical orientations different from other aquaporins, characterized by a unique, widely opened, and hydrophilic selectivity filter (SF) composed of five residues. Our structural, functional, and theoretical investigations provide a solid structural basis for the Si uptake mechanism in plants, which will contribute to secure and sustainable rice production by manipulating Lsi1 selectivity for different metalloids.
Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lin Wei-Yu , Fordham Sarah E. , Hungate Eric , Sunter Nicola J. , Elstob Claire , Xu Yaobo , Park Catherine , Quante Anne , Strauch Konstantin , Gieger Christian , Skol Andrew , Rahman Thahira , Sucheston-Campbell Lara , Wang Junke , Hahn Theresa , Clay-Gilmour Alyssa I. , Jones Gail L. , Marr Helen J. , Jackson Graham H. , Menne Tobias , Collin Mathew , Ivey Adam , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan K. , Russell Nigel H. , Fitzgibbon Jude , Larson Richard A. , Le Beau Michelle M. , Stock Wendy , Heidenreich Olaf , Alharbi Abrar , Allsup David J. , Houlston Richard S. , Norden Jean , Dickinson Anne M. , Douglas Elisabeth , Lendrem Clare , Daly Ann K. , Palm Louise , Piechocki Kim , Jeffries Sally , Bornhäuser Martin , Röllig Christoph , Altmann Heidi , Ruhnke Leo , Kunadt Desiree , Wagenführ Lisa , Cordell Heather J. , Darlay Rebecca , Andersen Mette K. , Fontana Maria C. , Martinelli Giovanni , Marconi Giovanni , Sanz Miguel A. , Cervera José , Gómez-Seguí Inés , Cluzeau Thomas , Moreilhon Chimène , Raynaud Sophie , Sill Heinz , Voso Maria Teresa , Lo-Coco Francesco , Dombret Hervé , Cheok Meyling , Preudhomme Claude , Gale Rosemary E. , Linch David , Gaal-Wesinger Julia , Masszi Andras , Nowak Daniel , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Gilkes Amanda , Porkka Kimmo , Milosevic Feenstra Jelena D. , Kralovics Robert , Grimwade David , Meggendorfer Manja , Haferlach Torsten , Krizsán Szilvia , Bödör Csaba , Stölzel Friedrich , Onel Kenan , Allan James M.
Published: October 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with an undefined heritable risk. Here we perform a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies, with replication in a fourth study, incorporating a total of 4018 AML cases and 10488 controls. We identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for AML at 11q13.2 (rs4930561; P = 2.15 × 10−8; KMT5B). We also identify a genome-wide significant risk locus for the cytogenetically normal AML sub-group (N = 1287) at 6p21.32 (rs3916765; P = 1.51 × 10−10; HLA). Our results inform on AML etiology and identify putative functional genes operating in histone methylation (KMT5B) and immune function (HLA).
Tuneable separation of gold by selective precipitation using a simple and recyclable diamide
Authors: Kinsman Luke M. M. , Ngwenya Bryne T. , Morrison Carole A. , Love Jason B.
Published: October 2021

The efficient separation of metals from ores and secondary sources such as electronic waste is necessary to realising circularity in metal supply. Precipitation processes are increasingly popular and are reliant on designing and understanding chemical recognition to achieve selectivity. Here we show that a simple tertiary diamide precipitates gold selectively from aqueous acidic solutions, including from aqua regia solutions of electronic waste. The X-ray crystal structure of the precipitate displays an infinite chain of diamide cations interleaved with tetrachloridoaurate. Gold is released from the precipitate on contact with water, enabling ligand recycling. The diamide is highly selective, with its addition to 29 metals in 2 M HCl resulting in 70% gold uptake and minimal removal of other metals. At 6 M HCl, complete collection of gold, iron, tin, and platinum occurs, demonstrating that adaptable selective metal precipitation is controlled by just one variable. This discovery could be exploited in metal refining and recycling processes due to its tuneable selectivity under different leaching conditions, the avoidance of organic solvents inherent to biphasic extraction, and the straightforward recycling of the precipitant.
Inner nuclear protein Matrin-3 coordinates cell differentiation by stabilizing chromatin architecture
Authors: Cha Hye Ji , Uyan Özgün , Kai Yan , Liu Tianxin , Zhu Qian , Tothova Zuzana , Botten Giovanni A. , Xu Jian , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Dekker Job , Orkin Stuart H.
Published: October 2021

Precise control of gene expression during differentiation relies on the interplay of chromatin and nuclear structure. Despite an established contribution of nuclear membrane proteins to developmental gene regulation, little is known regarding the role of inner nuclear proteins. Here we demonstrate that loss of the nuclear scaffolding protein Matrin-3 (Matr3) in erythroid cells leads to morphological and gene expression changes characteristic of accelerated maturation, as well as broad alterations in chromatin organization similar to those accompanying differentiation. Matr3 protein interacts with CTCF and the cohesin complex, and its loss perturbs their occupancy at a subset of sites. Destabilization of CTCF and cohesin binding correlates with altered transcription and accelerated differentiation. This association is conserved in embryonic stem cells. Our findings indicate Matr3 negatively affects cell fate transitions and demonstrate that a critical inner nuclear protein impacts occupancy of architectural factors, culminating in broad effects on chromatin organization and cell differentiation.
Looking beyond meningococcal B with the 4CMenB vaccine: the Neisseria effect
Authors: Ruiz García Yara , Sohn Woo-Yun , Seib Kate L. , Taha Muhamed-Kheir , Vázquez Julio A. , de Lemos Ana Paula S. , Vadivelu Kumaran , Pizza Mariagrazia , Rappuoli Rino , Bekkat-Berkani Rafik
Published: October 2021

Infections with Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae have different clinical manifestations, but the bacteria share up to 80–90% genome sequence identity. The recombinant meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccine 4CMenB consists of four antigenic components that can be present in non-B meningococcal and gonococcal strains. This comprehensive review summarizes scientific evidence on the genotypic and phenotypic similarities between vaccine antigens and their homologs expressed by non-B meningococcal and gonococcal strains. It also includes immune responses of 4CMenB-vaccinated individuals and effectiveness and impact of 4CMenB against these strains. Varying degrees of strain coverage were estimated depending on the non-B meningococcal serogroup and antigenic repertoire. 4CMenB elicits immune responses against non-B meningococcal serogroups and N. gonorrhoeae. Real-world evidence showed risk reductions of 69% for meningococcal serogroup W clonal complex 11 disease and 40% for gonorrhea after 4CMenB immunization. In conclusion, functional antibody activity and real-world evidence indicate that 4CMenB has the potential to provide some protection beyond MenB disease.
Geolocation of unpublished archaeological sites in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Coomes Oliver T. , Rivas Panduro Santiago , Abizaid Christian , Takasaki Yoshito
Published: October 2021

Published maps identifying archaeological sites in the Amazon basin show a paucity of sites in western Amazonia compared to the Brazilian Amazon. Whereas fewer than two dozen are identified for the Peruvian Amazon on basin-wide maps, a thorough review of unpublished archival material held by the Ministry of Culture of Peru and other sources revealed more than 400 known but unpublished sites in the Department of Loreto, challenging the notion that the region was sparsely occupied in prehistory. Our database provides the geolocation of each site and corresponding references for use by scientists seeking to better understand regional Pre-Columbian human occupation and settlement, cultural change, resource use and their landscape legacies. These data are foundational not only to the development of a richer understanding of prehistory and historical ecology of the Amazon basin but importantly for informing current land use, forest conservation and development policies as well as initiatives to support indigenous land and cultural rights in Amazonia.
Oscillatory visual mechanisms revealed by random temporal sampling
Authors: Arguin Martin , Ferrandez Roxanne , Massé Justine
Published: October 2021

It is increasingly apparent that functionally significant neural activity is oscillatory in nature. Demonstrating the implications of this mode of operation for perceptual/cognitive function remains somewhat elusive. This report describes the technique of random temporal sampling for the investigation of visual oscillatory mechanisms. The technique is applied in visual recognition experiments using different stimulus classes (words, familiar objects, novel objects, and faces). Classification images reveal variations of perceptual effectiveness according to the temporal features of stimulus visibility. These classification images are also decomposed into their power and phase spectra. Stimulus classes lead to distinct outcomes and the power spectra of classification images are highly generalizable across individuals. Moreover, stimulus class can be reliably decoded from the power spectrum of individual classification images. These findings and other aspects of the results validate random temporal sampling as a promising new method to study oscillatory visual mechanisms.
Patient-derived organoids as a platform for modeling a patient’s response to chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer
Authors: Karakasheva Tatiana A. , Gabre Joel T. , Sachdeva Uma M. , Cruz-Acuña Ricardo , Lin Eric W. , DeMarshall Maureen , Falk Gary W. , Ginsberg Gregory G. , Yang Zhaohai , Kim Michele M. , Diffenderfer Eric S. , Pitarresi Jason R. , Li Jinyang , Muir Amanda B. , Hamilton Kathryn E. , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Bass Adam J. , Rustgi Anil K.
Published: October 2021

3D patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been utilized to evaluate potential therapies for patients with different cancers. However, the use of PDOs created from treatment-naive patient biopsies for prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer has not yet been reported. Herein we describe a pilot prospective observational study with the goal of determining whether esophageal cancer PDOs created from treatment naive patients can model or predict clinical outcomes. Endoscopic biopsies of treatment-naive patients at a single tertiary care center were used to generate esophageal cancer PDOs, which were treated with standard-of-care chemotherapy, gamma-irradiation, and newer non-standard approaches, such as proton beam therapy or two small molecule inhibitors. Clinical outcomes of patients following neoadjuvant treatment were compared to their in vitro PDO responses, demonstrating the PDO’s ability to mirror clinical response, suggesting the value of PDOs in prediction of clinical response to new therapeutic approaches. Future prospective clinical trials should test the use of pre-treatment PDOs to identify specific, targeted therapies for individual patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Grip strength as a predictor of depressive symptoms among vulnerable elderly Europeans with musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: Marconcin Priscila , Marques Adilson , Henriques-Neto Duarte , Gouveia Élvio R. , Ferrari Gerson , Peralta Miguel , Ihle Andreas
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the grip strength (GS) discrimination capacity and cutoffs points for depressive symptoms among vulnerable elderly individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. The Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe wave 6 was analyzed. GS was measured by a handgrip dynamometer, and EURO-D scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. GS cutoff values for depressive symptoms were calculated using the receiver operating characteristics curve. 2206 participants, mean age 74.0 (73.7–74.3), 78.8% with osteoarthritis/other rheumatism, enrolled in the study. Sensitivity varies between 0.44 (men, ≥ 85 years) and 0.82 (men, 75–84 years), and specificity varying between 0.35 (women, 75–84 years) and 0.70 (men 75–84 years). GS is associated with depressive symptoms just for women and it is not possible to use a GS cutoff point for screening depressive symptoms for vulnerable men and women with musculoskeletal conditions over the age of 65 years.
Binding interaction of a ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase with fluoranthene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN1
Authors: Xue Shu-Wen , Tian Yue-Xin , Pan Jin-Cheng , Liu Ya-Ni , Ma Yan-Ling
Published: October 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN1 can efficiently utilize fluoranthene as its sole carbon source, and the initial reaction in the biodegradation process is catalyzed by a ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD). To clarify the binding interaction of RHD with fluoranthene in the strain DN1, the genes encoding alpha subunit (RS30940) and beta subunit (RS05115) of RHD were functionally characterized through multi-technique combination such as gene knockout and homology modeling as well as molecular docking analysis. The results showed that the mutants lacking the characteristic alpha subunit and/or beta subunit failed to degrade fluoranthene effectively. Based on the translated protein sequence and Ramachandran plot, 96.5% of the primary amino-acid sequences of the alpha subunit in the modeled structure of the RHD were in the permitted region, 2.3% in the allowed region, but 1.2% in the disallowed area. The catalytic mechanism mediated by key residues was proposed by the simulations of molecular docking, wherein the active site of alpha subunit constituted a triangle structure of the mononuclear iron atom and the two oxygen atoms coupled with the predicted catalytic ternary of His217-His222-Asp372 for the dihydroxylation reaction with fluoranthene. Those amino acid residues adjacent to fluoranthene were nonpolar groups, and the C7-C8 positions on the fluoranthene ring were estimated to be the best oxidation sites. The distance of C7-O and C8-O was 3.77 Å and 3.04 Å respectively, and both of them were parallel. The results of synchronous fluorescence and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the roles of the predicted residues during catalysis. This binding interaction could enhance our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of RHDs and provide a solid foundation for further enzymatic modification.
The evaluation of novel oral vaccines based on self-amplifying RNA lipid nanparticles (saRNA LNPs), saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs, and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants alpha and delta
Authors: Keikha Reza , Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad , Jebali Ali
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to present and evaluate novel oral vaccines, based on self-amplifying RNA lipid nanparticles (saRNA LNPs), saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs,
and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum, to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) variants alpha and delta. After invitro evaluation of the oral vaccines on HEK293T/17 cells, we found that saRNA LNPs, saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs, and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum could express S-protein at both mRNA and protein levels. In the next step, BALB/c mice were orally vaccinated with saRNA LNPs, saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs, and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum at weeks 1 and 3. Importantly, a high titer of IgG and IgA was observed by all of them, sharply in week 6 (P < 0.05). In all study groups, their ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 was upper 1, indicating Th1-biased responses. Wild-type viral neutralization assay showed that the secreted antibodies in vaccinated mice and recovered COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-COV-2 variants alpha and delta. After oral administration of oral vaccines, biodistribution assay was done. It was found that all of them had the same biodistribution pattern. The highest concentration of S-protein was seen in the small intestine, followed by the large intestine and liver.
Influence of psychostimulants and opioids on epigenetic modification of class III histone deacetylase (HDAC)-sirtuins in glial cells
Authors: Sivalingam Kalaiselvi , Doke Mayur , Khan Mansoor A. , Samikkannu Thangavel
Published: October 2021

Substance abuse affects the central nervous system (CNS) and remains a global health problem. Psychostimulants, such as cocaine and methamphetamine (METH), and opioids affect neuronal function and lead to behavioral impairments via epigenetic modification. Epigenetic changes occur via classical pathways, especially the class III histone deacetylase (HDAC)-sirtuin (SIRT) family, that act as cellular sensors to regulate energy homeostasis and coordinate cellular responses to maintain genome integrity. However, SIRT family (1–7)-associated neurodegeneration has not been elucidated in the context of energy metabolism. The present study examined the effects of psychostimulants, such as cocaine and METH, and opioids, such as morphine, on SIRT family (1–7) [class I, II, III and IV] expression and cellular translocation-mediated dysfunction in astrocytes and microglial cells. The “nootropic” drug piracetam played a preventative role against psychostimulant- and opioid-induced SIRT (1–7) expression in astrocytes. These results indicate that cocaine, METH, and morphine affected deacetylation and cellular function, and these changes were prevented by piracetam in astrocytes.
Automated image segmentation method to analyse skeletal muscle cross section in exercise-induced regenerating myofibers
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Rashno Abdolreza
Published: October 2021

Skeletal muscle is an adaptive tissue with the ability to regenerate in response to exercise training. Cross-sectional area (CSA) quantification, as a main parameter to assess muscle regeneration capability, is highly tedious and time-consuming, necessitating an accurate and automated approach to analysis. Although several excellent programs are available to automate analysis of muscle histology, they fail to efficiently and accurately measure CSA in regenerating myofibers in response to exercise training. Here, we have developed a novel fully-automated image segmentation method based on neutrosophic set algorithms to analyse whole skeletal muscle cross sections in exercise-induced regenerating myofibers, referred as MyoView, designed to obtain accurate fiber size and distribution measurements. MyoView provides relatively efficient, accurate, and reliable measurements for CSA quantification and detecting different myofibers, myonuclei and satellite cells in response to the post-exercise regenerating process. We showed that MyoView is comparable with manual quantification. We also showed that MyoView is more accurate and efficient to measure CSA in post-exercise regenerating myofibers as compared with Open-CSAM, MuscleJ, SMASH and MyoVision. Furthermore, we demonstrated that to obtain an accurate CSA quantification of exercise-induced regenerating myofibers, whole muscle cross-section analysis is an essential part, especially for the measurement of different fiber-types. We present MyoView as a new tool to quantify CSA, myonuclei and satellite cells in skeletal muscle from any experimental condition including exercise-induced regenerating myofibers.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the JAZ gene family in turnip
Authors: Jia Kai , Yan Cunyao , Zhang Jing , Cheng Yunxia , Li Wenwen , Yan Huizhuan , Gao Jie
Published: October 2021

JAZ is a plant-specific protein family involved in the regulation of plant development, abiotic stresses, and responses to phytohormone treatments. In this study, we carried out a bioinformatics analysis of JAZ genes in turnip by determining the phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal location, gene structure and expression profiles analysis under stresses. The 36 JAZ genes were identified and classified into four subfamilies (ZML, JAZ, PPD and TIFY). The JAZ genes were located on 10 chromosomes. Two gene pairs were involved in tandem duplication events. We identified 44 collinear JAZ gene pairs in the turnip genome. Analysis of the Ka/Ks ratios indicated that the paralogs of the BrrJAZ family principally underwent purifying selection. Expression analysis suggested JAZ genes may be involved in the formation of turnip tuberous root, and they also participated in the response to ABA, SA, MeJA, salt stress and low-temperature stress. The results of this study provided valuable information for further exploration of the JAZ gene family in turnip.
Direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the human inner ear may underlie COVID-19-associated audiovestibular dysfunction
Authors: Jeong Minjin , Ocwieja Karen E. , Han Dongjun , Wackym P. Ashley , Zhang Yichen , Brown Alyssa , Moncada Cynthia , Vambutas Andrea , Kanne Theodore , Crain Rachel , Siegel Noah , Leger Valerie , Santos Felipe , Welling D. Bradley , Gehrke Lee , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: October 2021

Background

COVID-19 is a pandemic respiratory and vascular disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is a growing number of sensory deficits associated with COVID-19 and molecular mechanisms underlying these deficits are incompletely understood.

Methods

We report a series of ten COVID-19 patients with audiovestibular symptoms such as hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction and tinnitus. To investigate the causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and audiovestibular dysfunction, we examine human inner ear tissue, human inner ear in vitro cellular models, and mouse inner ear tissue.

Results

We demonstrate that adult human inner ear tissue co-expresses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and FURIN cofactors required for virus entry. Furthermore, hair cells and Schwann cells in explanted human vestibular tissue can be infected by SARS-CoV-2, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy. We establish three human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived in vitro models of the inner ear for infection: two-dimensional otic prosensory cells (OPCs) and Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), and three-dimensional inner ear organoids. Both OPCs and SCPs express ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN, with lower ACE2 and FURIN expression in SCPs. OPCs are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection; lower infection rates exist in isogenic SCPs. The inner ear organoids show that hair cells express ACE2 and are targets for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions

Our results provide mechanistic explanations of audiovestibular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and introduce hiPSC-derived systems for studying infectious human otologic disease.
Development of an eco-friendly sample preparation protocol for metal determination in food samples: an oxygen pressurized single reaction chamber using diluted nitric acid
Authors: Bizzi Cezar A. , Pedrotti Matheus F. , Betiolo Diogo M. , Nascimento Mariele S. , Muller Edson I. , Cravotto Giancarlo , Flores Erico M. M.
Published: October 2021

A single reaction chamber microwave-assisted wet digestion system using O2 as an auxiliary reagent and diluted HNO3 for multisample digestion and metal determination.
High quantum yield nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots for sensing Ag+, biological imaging and fluorescent inks
Authors: Cheng Sijie , Zhang Junqiu , Liu Yaoming , Wang Yingte , Xiao Yanteng , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2021

N, B-doped carbon dots with a quantum yield of 33.04% were developed as a sensor for Ag+.
Fluorescence and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging of endogenous furin activity via peptide functionalized MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Li Xiao , Xiu Weijun , Xiao Hang , Li Yuqing , Yang Kaili , Yuwen Lihui , Yang Dongliang , Weng Lixing , Wang Lianhui
Published: October 2021

Cleavage of the peptide linker on nanoprobes by furin leads to fluorescence recovery and subsequently the more rapid clearance of small Cy7 molecules from tumor tissues than large MoS2 NSs, which realizes dual-mode detection of furin in vivo.
Macrocyclic DNA-encoded chemical libraries: a historical perspective
Authors: Plais Louise , Scheuermann Jörg
Published: October 2021

DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) have been used for the discovery of novel macrocyclic peptides for protein targets of interest. We review the reported macrocyclic DELs and discuss the achievements and challenges of this promising field.
A visible light-controllable Rho kinase inhibitor based on a photochromic phenylazothiazole
Authors: Matsuo Kazuya , Thayyil Sampreeth , Kawaguchi Mitsuyasu , Nakagawa Hidehiko , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: October 2021

Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) is a serine–threonine kinase whose inhibitors are useful for the regulation of the actomyosin system.
Novel bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine luminogens with aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties
Authors: Hsiao Pu-Yen , Chu Jean-Ho
Published: October 2021

7,7′-Diaryl-3,3′-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines luminogens display aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties, showing potential applications in the field of organic luminescent materials.
Carbon monoxide bond cleavage mediated by an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair: access to new B/N heterocycles via selective incorporation of single carbon atoms
Authors: Manankandayalage Chamila P. , Unruh Daniel K. , Krempner Clemens
Published: October 2021

The interaction of carbon monoxide with an intramolecular FLP and a strong electrophile leads to rapid cleavage of the CO triple bond and enables the formation of new B/N heterocycles via selective incorporation of single carbon atoms.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and luminescence properties of heteroleptic bismuth-organic compounds
Authors: Adcock Alyssa K. , Marwitz Alexander C. , Sanz Lulio A. , Lee Ayscue R. , Bertke Jeffery A. , Knope Karah E.
Published: October 2021

The synthesis and photoluminescent properties of four bismuth-organic compounds, their lanthanide doped analogs, and an isostructural europium complex are reported.
Tuning the coordination sphere of octahedral Dy(iii) complexes with silanolate/stannanolate ligands: synthesis, structures and slow relaxation of the magnetization
Authors: Long Jérôme , Tolpygin Aleksei O. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: October 2021

This study reports four SMMs based on silanolate or stannanolate ligandscis-[Dy(OSiPh3)2(THF)4][BPh4]·THF·C6H6(1),cis-[Dy(OSnPh3)2(THF)4][BPh4]·THF·C6H6·C6H14(2),fac-[Dy(OSiPh3)3(THF)3]·THF (3) andfac-[Dy(OSiPh3)3(bipy)(THF)]·THF (4).
The configuration effect on the exciton dynamics of zinc chlorin aggregates
Authors: Wei An , Lv Siyuan , Zhang Yuan , Xia Caijuan , Wang Luxia
Published: October 2021

The nonzero transition dipole moments of exciton states in J–H aggregates induce more bright levels. It is difficult for the excited coherent wave-packet to overcome the configuration barrier from the active region to the inactive one.
Correction: Ultrafast evolution of the complex dielectric function of monolayer WS2 after photoexcitation
Authors: Calati Stefano , Li Qiuyang , Zhu Xiaoyang , Stähler Julia
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Ultrafast evolution of the complex dielectric function of monolayer WS2 after photoexcitation’ by Stefano Calati et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 22640–22646, DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03437e.
Piloting carbon-lean nitrogen removal for energy-autonomous sewage treatment
Authors: Van Tendeloo Michiel , Bundervoet Bert , Carlier Nathalie , Van Beeck Wannes , Mollen Hans , Lebeer Sarah , Colsen Joop , Vlaeminck Siegfried E.
Published: October 2021

Unique pilot design and innovative control strategies enabled mainstream nitrogen removal with a low COD to N removal ratio at both summer and winter conditions.
Taxifolin retards the d-galactose-induced aging process through inhibiting Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and regulating the gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Liu Xing-Long , Zhao Ying-Chun , Zhu Hong-Yan , Wu Ming , Zheng Yi-Nan , Yang Min , Cheng Zhi-Qiang , Ding Chuan-Bo , Liu Wen-Cong
Published: October 2021

Taxifolin ameliorated the aging process induced by d-Gal through regulating the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT-mediated apoptosis pathways and increasing the beneficial flora.
Efficacy, economics, and sustainability of bio-based insecticides from thermochemical biorefineries
Authors: Wilson A. Nolan , Grieshop Matthew J. , Roback Joseph , Dell'Orco Stefano , Huang Juan , Perkins Jacquelyn A. , Nicholson Scott , Chiaramonti David , Nimlos Mark R. , Christensen Earl , Iisa Kristiina , Harris Kylee , Dutta Abhijit , Dorgan John R. , Schaidle Joshua A.
Published: October 2021

The efficacy, economics, and sustainability of a bio-based insecticide produced from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass is reported. This synergistic approach to fuels and agrochemical production can improve both energy and food sectors.
A transparent low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) chip for high-throughput cell stimulation
Authors: Chen Haoyang , Zhu Ninghao , Osman Mohamed , Biskowitz Ryan , Liu Jinyun , Khandare Shubham , Butler Peter , Wong Pak Kin , Kothapalli Sri-Rajasekhar
Published: October 2021

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound induced synchronized calcium fluctuance in plated cancer cells on transparent ultrasonic transducers.
Facile fabrication of conductive MoS2 thin films by sonication in hot water and evaluation of their electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Saha Dipankar , Patel Vinay , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam Ravi , Kruse Peter
Published: October 2021

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has long been used in catalysis and is a promising material for energy conversion devices.
Boron nitride nanotubes enhance mechanical properties of fibers from nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol dispersions
Authors: Khoury Joe F. , Vitale Jacob C. , Larson Tanner L. , Ao Geyou
Published: October 2021

BNNTs/PVA fibers with improved mechanical properties are produced from the wet spinning of dispersions containing as low as 0.1 mass% of nanotube concentration.
Efficient hydrogen storage on Al decorated C24N24: a DFT study
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Mousavian Parisasadat
Published: October 2021

Hydrogen storage on Al-decorated C24N24is explored by the dispersion corrected DFT calculations. Each Al site in the Al6C24N24cluster can adsorb up to five H2molecules, with an average adsorption energy of −0.30 eV.
The implication of adsorption preferences of ions and surfactants on the shape control of gold nanoparticles: a microscopic, atomistic perspective
Authors: Meena Santosh Kumar , Meena Chandrakala
Published: October 2021

Understanding shape modulation of nanoparticles using MD simulations.
Highly efficient terpolymerizations of ethylene/propylene/ENB with a half-titanocene catalytic system
Authors: Wang Yi-Cong , Cheng Pei-Yi , Zhang Zhi-Qian , Fan Ke-Xin , Lu Rui-Qi , Zhang Shu , Wu Yi-Xian
Published: October 2021

Highly efficient terpolymerization of ethylene, propylene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene using a half-titanocene containing iminoimidazolidine with methylaluminoxane/Al(iBu)3/2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methyl-phenol was achieved.
Rational design of a selective and sensitive “turn-on” fluorescent probe for monitoring and imaging hydrogen peroxide in living cells
Authors: Lu Jing , Ji Liang , Yu Yanyan
Published: October 2021

A fluorescent probe N-Py-BO was well designed and synthesized and its ability for detecting H2O2 by fluorescence intensity was evaluated.
3D printed silicon-few layer graphene anode for advanced Li-ion batteries
Authors: Beydaghi Hossein , Abouali Sara , Thorat Sanjay B. , Del Rio Castillo Antonio Esau , Bellani Sebastiano , Lauciello Simone , Gentiluomo Silvia , Pellegrini Vittorio , Bonaccorso Francesco
Published: October 2021

Novel 3D printed anodes based on Si and wet-jet milling-exfoliated few-layer graphene are produced by fused diffusion modelling (FDM) technique and used in Li-ion batteries.
Engineering hybrid microgels as particulate emulsifiers for reversible Pickering emulsions
Authors: Jiang Hang , Zhang Shengwei , Sun Guanqing , Li Yunxing , Guan Xin , Yang Cheng , Ngai To
Published: October 2021

Hybrid poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based microgels are templated from inverse Pickering emulsions, and the tunable wettability renders as-prepared emulsions with reversible feature.
Copper-catalyzed hydroformylation and hydroxymethylation of styrenes
Authors: Geng Hui-Qing , Meyer Tim , Franke Robert , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: October 2021

A copper-catalyzed hydroformylation and hydroxymethylation of alkenes has been realized.
Nickel-based metal–organic framework-derived Ni/NC/KB as a separator coating for high capacity lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Peisen , Wu Yongbo , Zhu Kaiyin , Ma Guozheng , Lin Xiaoming , Zeb Akif , Chen Xinli , Li Kang
Published: October 2021

The Ni/NC/KB composite derived from Ni-MOFs was used as a separator coating in the Li–S battery, effectively confining the polysulfides through the Ni nanoparticles and N-doping.
Effects of metal sites and acid sites on the hydrogenolysis of cornstalks in supercritical ethanol during lignin-first fractionation
Authors: Luo Bowen , Huang Zhixiang , Shu Riyang , Cheng Yu , Tian Zhipeng , Wang Chao , Chen Ying
Published: October 2021

The hydrogenolysis of cornstalk lignin in supercritical ethanol was carried out with high monomer yields and the effects of metal sites and acid sites during lignin-first fractionation were investigated.
Transcription methodology for rationally designed morphological complex metal oxides: a versatile strategy for improved electrocatalysis
Authors: Bhowmick Sourav , Mohanta Manoj Kumar , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Complex metal oxides like 3D perovskite, known for their high activity and stability, are traditionally synthesized at high temperatures, leaving little scope for morphological tuning using structure-directing and high temperature-unstable reagents.
Nematic shells: new insights in topology- and curvature-induced effects
Authors: Napoli Gaetano , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V. , Sheka Denis D. , Vergori Luigi
Published: October 2021

We propose a model for nematic shells where out-of-tangent-plane escapes of the director field are allowed. This uplift triggers a novel effect: curvature-induced chirality. We also study the effect of curvature on the textures of a spherical shell.
Novel isoindigo compound with aggregation-induced emission: Br–Br bonding joint restriction of intramolecular motion and cell imaging properties
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Sun Yu , Zhao Xu , Jin Nanxi , Xi Gaolei , Zhang Xuedong , Cao Jingjin , Wu Jia , Fan Xia , Qin Wenping
Published: October 2021

6,6′-Dibromided tert-butyloxycarbonyl isoindigo has intense fluorescence in the solid state via aggregation-induced emission, contrary to the classic heavy-atom effect.
Scalable fabrication of a large-area lithium/graphene anode towards a long-life 350 W h kg−1 lithium metal pouch cell
Authors: He Bangyi , Deng Wei , Han Qigao , Zhu Wenhua , Hu Zhiyuan , Fang Wei , Zhou Xufeng , Liu Zhaoping
Published: October 2021

A thermally initiated conversion method with facile fabrication procedures for Li/graphene composite anode is reported, and a 2.6 A h pouch cell employing this anode delivers a high energy density of 356 W h kg−1 and a long lifespan of 100 cycles.
A cellulose nanofiber–polyacrylamide hydrogel based on a co-electrolyte system for solid-state zinc ion batteries to operate at extremely cold temperatures
Authors: Xu Wangwang , Liu Chaozheng , Ren Suxia , Lee Danbee , Gwon Jaegyoung , Flake John C. , Lei Tingzhou , Baisakh Niranjan , Wu Qinglin
Published: October 2021

A cellulose nanofiber (CNF)–polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel electrolyte is developed. It has the potential to expand the application of ZIBs to broad fields such as wind turbines in desolate areas, cold polar regions, and aerospace.
A two-dimensional polymer memristor based on conformational changes with tunable resistive switching behaviours
Authors: Song Yaru , Feng Guangyuan , Wu Lingli , Zhang Enbing , Sun Chenfang , Fa Dejuan , Liang Qiu , Lei Shengbin , Yu Xi , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2021

A resistive switching memory device based on a 2DPTPAK+TAPB film with the conformational change mechanism was prepared and the memory behaviors can be adjusted by the degree of conformational changes.
Zn(NH3)CO3: a “three-in-one” UV nonlinear optical crystal built by a polar molecule bonding strategy
Authors: Tang Hong-Xin , Shui Qi-Rui , Fu Rui-Biao , Zhou Zi-Qi , Bao Wen-Xiu , Ma Zu-Ju , Wu Xin-Tao
Published: October 2021

Centimeter-sized Zn(NH3)CO3 is a “three-in-one” UV nonlinear optical crystal, featuring a Chinese-knot-like framework and great optical performance.
Fuzzy model‐based multi‐objective dynamic programming with modified particle swarm optimization approach for the balance control of bicycle robot
Authors: Sun Yiyong , Zhao Haotian , Chen Zhang , Zheng Xudong , Zhao Mingguo , Liang Bin
Published: October 2021

Existing studies for the balance control of unmanned bicycle robots only consider constant forward velocity and a single optimal objective that cannot be applied to the complex motion situation. To balance the bicycle robot with time‐varying forward velocity, only with the steering actuator, the multiple objective optimal balance control issue is studied here. A fuzzy state‐space model under different forward velocities is firstly offered based on the non‐linear Euler–Lagrange model. Based on this, a closed‐loop equation under a fuzzy controller is verified. To regulate the feedback gain of the fuzzy controller, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm with two stages is proposed. In the MPSO's second stage, a novel objective fitness function, consisting of multiple objectives and combining the conventional Hurwitz stability analysis criterium, is designed. Procedures for the MPSO dynamic programming approach are presented. By two examples, the efficiency of the MPSO algorithm, for time‐varying and time‐constant velocity situations, and faster capacity for iteration convergence, are examined.