bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Note for the P versus NP problem (II)
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: September 2024

The P versus NP problem is a cornerstone of theoretical computer science, asking whether problems that are easy to check are also easy to solve. "Easy" here means solvable in polynomial time, where the computation time grows proportionally to the input size. While this problem's origins can be traced to John Nash's 1955 letter, its formalization is credited to Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Despite decades of research, a definitive answer remains elusive. Central to this question is the concept of NP-completeness. If even one NP-complete problem could be solved efficiently, it would imply that all problems in NP could be solved efficiently, proving P equals NP. This research proposes that EXACT CLOSURE, a notoriously difficult NP-complete problem, can be solved efficiently, thereby potentially establishing the equivalence of P and NP. This work is an expansion and refinement of the article "Note for the P versus NP problem", published in IPI Letters.
Adaptation of the Taiwan version of the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT-TW) and Its Association with Six-Month Mortality: A Multi-Center Validation Study in Older People
Authors: Liao Jung-Yu , Chang Hsiao-Ting , Peng Jen-Kuei , Murray Scott A , Wu Chien-Yi , Chang Hsien-Cheng , Li Chia-Ming , Cheng Shao-Yi , Tseng Wei-Zhe , Hsiung Chao A. , Chiou Hung-Yi , Yu Sang–Ju , Boyd Kirsty , Chen Ping-Jen
Published: September 2024

The Supportive and Palliative Indicators Tool (SPICT) was developed for timely identifying patients who may benefit from supportive and palliative care for a better treatment review, care plan discussion, and end-of-life care. Although the SPICT has been validated in different languages and patients living in different settings, it has not been validated in patients receiving home-based medical care (HBMC), or in the context of using traditional Chinese characters. The present study aimed to validate the Taiwan version of SPICT (SPICT-TW) and to measure its ability to predict six-month mortality in patients who received HBMC in Taiwan. Seven HBMC agents (five clinics and two hospitals) participated in this validation study. We recruited 129 patients aged ≥50 years who had been consistently receiving HBMC for > two months. The results revealed that the SPICT-TW demonstrated similar reliability and validity compared to other language versions of SPICT. It may be an appropriate tool for healthcare professionals to timely detect the needs of palliative care in older people who received home healthcare. Furthermore, we found that a combination of four general indicators and one clinical indicator in SPCIT-TW has the best prediction ability at predicting six-month mortality in these HMBC recipients. This multicenter study validated the SPICT-TW among HBMC recipients in Taiwan. SPICT-TW demonstrated high reliability and validity and may be a practical tool for identifying older people at risk of dying within six months who would benefit from palliative care.
Usefulness of an Insect Pest (Dactylopius opuntiae) in Hyperuricemia Associated with Renal Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Aragon-Martinez Othoniel H. , González-Chávez Marco M. , Galicia-Cruz Othir G. , Méndez-Gallegos Santiago de J. , Isiordia-Espinoza Mario A. , Martinez-Morales Flavio
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Actual urate-lowering therapies may cause serious side effects in patients. Thus, alternative treatments are needed to regulate uric acid (UA) levels in patients with hyperuricemia associated with kidney injury, and natural sources have demonstrated utility in this field. For the first time, our study evaluated the effects of an extract of Dactylopius opuntiae insects on hyperuricemia related to renal dysfunction in vitro and in mice. Methods: Insects were bred and collected, and two different extracts (D1 and D2) were obtained. For both extracts, xanthine oxidase (XO) and radical inhibitory assays were performed. Subsequently, serum purine levels and renal markers were quantified in male BALB/c mice who received potassium oxonate, hypoxanthine, and gentamicin. Results: The D2 extract contained 18,037.7 µg of carminic acid/mL, inhibited 53.2% of XO activity at one concentration, and showed IC50 values of 18,207.8 and 5729.6 µg/mL against ABTS and DPPH radicals. D2 administration reduced serum UA and creatinine levels, and it avoided the increased kidney weight and reduced renal antioxidant capacity caused by hyperuricemia and allopurinol use in mice. Despite the satisfactory results obtained in vitro, the D1 extract killed the animal models due to its citric acid content. Conclusions: The D2 insect extract can be used as an effective therapy for hyperuricemia associated with kidney dysfunction.
Model Order Reduction and Stability Enhancement Control for AC/DC Converters Through State Feedback Method
Authors: Lu Yi , Bu Wenqiang , Chen Qian , Qiu Peng , Tian Yanjun
Published: September 2024

In the DC distribution networks, DC bus voltage is maintained by the grid-connected converter, the controllability and reliability of the grid-connected converter significantly affects the bus voltage characteristic. To address the problem of limited stability and frequent oscillations, this paper proposes a state feedback control method for the AC/DC converter. Conventional AC/DC converter adopts the voltage-current double-closed-loop control structure with the proportional integral (PI) controllers, which is the equivalent of the typical type II control system, but the typical type II control system cannot fully settle the stability and immunity problems. In contrast, the state feedback control strategy not only achieves the control objectives of the traditional double-closed-loop control, but also reduce the AC/DC converter system model to a typical I-type system, which improves the stability, thus enhances the oscillation suppression capability of the bus voltage. By selecting multiple state variables and designing the converter pole configuration range, the proposed single-loop state feedback control method manages to optimize both the dynamic and steady-state performances of the grid-connected AC/DC converter. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed single-loop state feedback control strategy has been verified by both the simulation and experiment results.
Chest Tube and Pleural Drainage: History and Current Status in Pleural Diseases Management
Authors: Sorino Claudio , Feller-Kopman David , Mei Federico , Mondoni Michele , Agati Sergio , Marchetti Giampietro , Rahman Najib M.
Published: September 2024

Thoracostomy and chest tube placement are key procedures in treating various pleural diseases involving the accumulation of fluids (e.g. malignant effusions, serous, pus, or blood) or air (pneumothorax) in the pleural cavity.
Initially described by Hippocrates and refined through the centuries, chest drainage obtained historical milestones with the creation in the 19th century of closed drainage systems with methods to prevent the entry of air into the pleural space and to reduce infection risk. The introduction of plastic materials and the Heimlich valve further revolutionized chest tube design and function.
Technological advancements led to the availability of various chest tube designs (straight, angled, pig-tail) and drainage systems, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and silicone tubes with radiopaque stripes for better radiological visualization. Modern chest drainage units (CDUs) can incorporate smart digital systems that monitor and graphically report pleural pressure and evacuated fluid/air, improving patient outcomes. The application of suction, whether via wall systems or portable digital devices, enhances the efficacy of pleural drainage, although careful regulation is needed to avoid complications such as reexpansion pulmonary edema or prolongation of air-leak.
To prevent recurrent effusion, particularly due to malignancy, pleuroedsis agents can be applied through a chest tube into the pleural space. In other circumstances, such as non-expandable lung (NEL), maintaining a long-term chest drain may be the most appropriate approach and procedures such as placement of an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) can significantly improve quality of life.
Continued innovations and rigorous training ensure that chest tube insertion remains a cornerstone of effective pleural disease management.
The Influence of Fluorine on the Forms of Lanthanide Migration in Natural and Polluted Waters of the Lovozero Massif (the Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Mazukhina Svetlana , Drogobuzhskaya Svetlana , Masloboev Vladimir , Sandimirov Sergey , Krasavtseva Eugenia , Pozhilenko Vladimir
Published: September 2024

A comprehensive study (monitoring, thermodynamic modeling) of natural and anthropogenically polluted waters of the Lovozero Massif has been carried out. A thermodynamic study of the weathering of the Lovozero Massif within the “water-rock-atmosphere” system at a temperature of 5°C showed that the elements contained in the rocks of the studied massif influence the formation of the chemical composition of natural waters. It has been established that an increase in the degree of “water-rock” interaction leads to an increase in the concentrations of F, Cl, SО42-, HCO3- in the solution. This affects the mobility of lanthanum, cerium and other elements due to the formation of complex compounds with them. The relatively high content of fluorine, phosphorus, HCO3- (weak and medium acids) in the solution promotes the dissolution of silicates while Si, Al, P are released into the solution. Monitoring of water from a flooded mine in which there is an increase in the degree of interaction of water with rock showed higher pH values for the concentrations of Na, HCO3-, F-, P, Al, Si, V, U, La, Ce. The conclusions are relevant in the context of groundwater extraction for drinking water supply purposes. The obtained information is useful to evaluated the health of the population of the region under study.
Enhancing Motor Performance and Physical Fitness in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder Through Fundamental Motor Skills Exercise
Authors: Lee Kyujin
Published: September 2024

A lack of evidence exists regarding the intervention effect on motor performance, including the timing ability and health-related physical fitness, of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). We aimed to assess the effects of school-based intervention that improves fundamental motor skills (FMS) on the motor performance and health-related physical fitness of children with DCD. The participants were 55 children (age 8 – 9 years) with DCD. Children with DCD were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 27) or control group (n = 28). The intervention group participated in FMS training. The control group participated in a conventional physical education class. Motor performance was evaluated before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development, second edition, Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition, and Interactive Metronome. Health-related physical fitness was assessed using the physical activity promotion system. A significant difference was observed when we considered the interaction effect of the intervention and time regarding motor performance and health-related physical fitness; however, no significant difference was observed regarding body composition. In conclusion, the intervention showed significant improvements in the parameters evaluated, suggesting that a school-based intervention to improve FMS may effectively improve the motor performance and health-related physical fitness of children with DCD.
The Impact of Climate Change on Regional Microclimates and Its Influence on Agricultural Productivity: A Case Study ApproachInLiterature
Authors: Shiddik Md. Abu Bokkor
Published: September 2024

Climate change is significantly reshaping global and regional climates, with profound impacts on local microclimates and agricultural productivity. This study investigates the effects of climate change on regional microclimates and examines how these shifts influence agricultural output, focusing on case studies from vulnerable regions. Utilizing secondary climate data from international agencies, this research applies statistical techniques, including time series analysis, correlation analysis, and extreme value theory, to assess changes in temperature, precipitation, and other environmental factors. The study employs spatial analysis to explore the geographic variability in these effects, and regression models to quantify the relationship between climatic changes and crop yields. Preliminary results indicate a marked shift in microclimate patterns, with significant consequences for farming practices, particularly in regions reliant on climate-sensitive crops. The findings underscore the need for adaptive strategies in agricultural sectors to mitigate the risks posed by climate change. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and farmers, emphasizing the importance of localized climate data in developing sustainable agricultural frameworks.
Deriving Profiles of Korea Ladies Professional Golf Association Players Using the Latent Profile Analysis Technique: Focusing on the Impact of the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Kim Soon-Young , Yoon Ji-Sun
Published: September 2024

Menstruation is a significant periodical factor in women's lives, affecting them from menarche to menopause. This study investigates the menstrual status and its impact on the performance of Korea Ladies Professional Golf Association (KLPGA) 1st Tour players using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). The study involved 119 female KLPGA tour license professionals who participated in over 30 tournaments annually, requiring them to manage their menstrual cycles during competitions. A questionnaire collected data on demographics, menstrual cycle characteristics, and training hours. Four distinct player profiles were identified based on self-esteem, anxiety, and perceived performance. Profile 4 exhibited the highest self-esteem and perceived performance with the lowest anxiety levels, while Profile 1 showed the highest anxiety levels and lowest self-esteem. Cross-tabulation and ANOVA analyses highlighted significant differences in practice hours and athletic experience across profiles. The findings suggest that regular menstrual cycles and athletic experience are crucial in defining player profiles. These insights are valuable for coaches and professionals to develop tailored training and management strategies to enhance performance. Future research should expand the sample size and employ longitudinal methods to validate these results.
New Toolset of Reporters Reveals That Glycogen Granules Are Neutral Substrates of Bulk Autophagy in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Wijewantha Nimna V. , Battu Praneetha , Chen Kuangcai , Kumar Ravinder , Nazarko Taras Y.
Published: September 2024

Glycogen, a branched polysaccharide organized into glycogen granules (GGs), is delivered from the cytoplasm to the lysosomes of hepatocytes by the STBD1-driven selective autophagy (glycophagy). Recently, we developed Komagataella phaffii yeast as a simple model of GG autophagy and found that it proceeds non-selectively under nitrogen starvation conditions. However, another group, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, found that glycogen is a non-preferred cargo of the nitrogen-starvation induced bulk autophagy. To clarify cargo characteristics of K. phaffii GGs, we used the same glycogen synthase-based reporter (Gsy1-GFP) of GG autophagy in K. phaffii, as was used in S. cerevisiae. The K. phaffii Gsy1-GFP marked GGs and reported on their autophagic degradation during nitrogen starvation, as expected. However, unlike in S. cerevisiae, glycogen synthase-marked GGs were delivered to the vacuole and degraded there with the same efficiency as a cytosolic glycogen synthase in glycogen-deficient cells suggesting that glycogen is a neutral cargo of bulk autophagy in K. phaffii. We verified our findings with a new set of reporters based on the glycogen-binding CBM20 domain of human STBD1. The GFP-CBM20 and mCherry-CBM20 fusion proteins tagged GGs, reported about autophagy of GGs and confirmed that GGs in K. phaffii are neither preferred, nor non-preferred substrates of bulk autophagy. They are its neutral substrates.
Extensive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to Uterine Fibroid Induced Iliac Vein Compression; Case Report
Authors: Alkhawam Mustafa , Matthews Benjamin , Chen Weihan , Sabouni Mouhamed Amr , McElwee Samuel K
Published: September 2024

This case represents the association between the presence of large fibroid tumor and pulmonary embolism in 47-year-old women. We highlight the diagnostic investigations and treatment methods for PE, followed by further evaluation of the underlying explanation of this pathology and eliminating other related risk factors.
Functionalized Hairy Nanoparticles for Reversible Thermoplastic Elastomeric Networks
Authors: Khan Ishrat , Uddin Md Hanif , Alshali Sultan , Alqurashi Esam , Alyoubi Saber , Walters Natalia
Published: September 2024

Polymers synthesized with end-of-life consideration allow for recovery and reprocessing. ”Living-anionic polymerization (LAP)” and hydrosilylation reaction were utilized to synthesize hair-end furan functionalized hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) with hard polystyrene (PS) core and soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via a one-pot approach. The synthesis was carried out by first preparing the living core through cross-linking styrene with divinylbenzene using sec-butyl lithium, followed by the addition of the hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) monomer to the living core. The living polymer was terminated by dimethylchlorosilane to obtain the HNPs with Si-H functional end groups. The furan functionalization was carried out by the hydrosilylation reaction between Si-H of the functionalized HNP and 2-vinyl furan. Additionally, furan functionalized polystyrene (PS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were also synthesized by LAP. 1H NMR and ATR-IR spectra confirm the successful synthesis of the target polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry shows two glass transition temperatures indicative of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) soft phase and a poly(styrene) hard phase, suggesting that the HNPs are microphase separated. The furan functionalized HNPs form thermo-reversible networks upon cross-linking with bismaleimide (BMI) via a Diels−Alder coupling reaction. The kinetics of the forward Diels–Alder reaction between the functionalized polymer and BMI were studied at three different temperatures: 50 °, 60 °, and 70 °C by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The activation energy for the furan functionalized HNPs reaction with the bismaleimide was lower compared to the furan functionalized polystyrene and poly(dimethylsiloxane) linear polymers. The crosslinked polymer network formed from the Diels−Alder forward reaction dissociates at around 140 °–154 °C, and the HNPs are recovered. The recovered HNPs can be re-crosslinked at 50 °C. The results suggest that furan functionalized HNPs are promising building blocks for preparing thermo-reversible elastomeric networks.
Comparative Study on the Properties of Nitrile Rubber Filled with Carbon Powder and Carbon Black
Authors: Zhou Junan , Wang Zepeng , Yu Liangchen , Tang Bainan , Song Junping
Published: September 2024

The properties of carbon powder filled nitrile rubber (NBR) were investigated. The effect of carbon powder content on the mechanical strength, vulcanization properties, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of NBR was explored. The purpose of the research is to pursue the optimal filling ratio and conditions of carbon powder to optimize the performance of rubber products.The reasonable filling range of carbon powder has been compared with N660 carbon black filled NBR and determined to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of carbon powder. The suitable application scenarios of carbon powder is clarified .The research results indicate that carbon powder can delay the sulfurization of NBR in the sulfurization system. The research results indicate that carbon powder can delay the sulfurization of NBR. In terms of filling system, the tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break of NBR gradually enhance as the amount of carbon powder increases. Carbon powder can replace carbon black in the application of NBR to improve the comprehensive performance of NBR, which provides a new kind of reinforcing material for NBR.
Presence of Soya in Industrial and Homemade Sausage Production in Kosovo and Its Reflection on Fatty Acid Profile
Authors: Mehmetukaj Dafina , Bytyçi Xhavit , Cana Armend , Zogejani Vlora Gashi , Zeqiri Malbora Shandro , Bajraktari Drita , Jankuloski Dean , Hajrulai-Musliu Zehra
Published: September 2024

In the present study, we investigated to what extent the soybean has been used in in-dustrial and homemade sausage produced in Kosovo, as well as its potential impact on the fatty acid profile. In total, 63 samples, 42 industrial and 21 traditional sausages, were collected either from the market or the production site. All samples were tested by means of real-time PCR for the detection and quantification of soy content, as well as the GC-FID to determine the potential re-flection in the fatty acid profile. The presence of soy DNA was detected in 54 out of 63 samples. 41 out of 42 industrial sausage samples were positive for soy DNA, with an average ct value of 22.60 and a standard deviation (SD) of 4.28, whereas 13 out of 21 traditional sausage samples were positive for soy DNA, with a mean ct value of 23.36 and a standard deviation (SD) of 4.56. There was a statistically significant difference in means between industrial sausage and traditional sausage, p≤0.001 based on CT values (ANOVA test). We investigated the correlation between ct values in real-time PCR for soy DNA with each fatty acid content. There is a moderate correlation of soy DNA ct values with C16:0 palmitin (decrease), C18:0 stearic acid (decrease), C18:1 oleic acid (in-crease), and overall saturated fatty acids (decrease). With the exception of C14:0 Myristin, C18:1 Oleic, and C20:0 Arachin acids and monosaturated fats, the ANOVA test reveals a significant dif-ference in means between groups for the majority of the fatty acids between industrial sausages and traditional sausages. The current study demonstrates that the fatty acid composition of sau-sages is influenced by the amount of soy present in them. The extent to which other components affect the fatty acid profile is unknown. However, an increase in oleic acid and a decrease in stearic and overall saturated fatty acids are expected.
Capillary Rise of Soluble Salts and Its Effect on the Degradation of Calcareous Material Used in Historical Monuments
Authors: Afif-Khouri Elías , Lozano-Martínez Alfonso , Rego José Ignacio López de , López-Gallego Belén , Forján-Castro Rubén
Published: September 2024

Crystallization of soluble salts represents a significant deterioration mechanism for porous building materials in cultural heritage, with substantial economic consequences. These salts can originate from geogenic sources (such as soil leachate, sea salt aerosols, and material incompatibilities in historical constructions) or anthropogenic sources (including environmental pollution and organic waste). This study investigates the capillary rise of retained and sustained water within soil, which is subsequently absorbed by calcareous rocks in monuments. This process leads to a range of damages, from superficial staining and efflorescence to more severe material degradation and mass loss. The paper examines the capillary rise phenomenon and analyzes the typology and origin of salts that predominantly impact the durability and mechanical resistance of calcareous rocks used in the construction of historic buildings in Spain.
Developing Guidelines for Azolla microphylla Production as Compost for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Thepsilvisut Ornprapa , Srikan Nuengruethai , Chutimanukul Preuk , Marubodee Rusama , Ehara Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

Azolla is a substitute compost that has the potential to enhance nutrient cycling in agricultural systems for sustainable development. In this study, four experiments were conducted to compare the Department of Agriculture (DOA, Thailand)'s methodology for determining the suitable type and rate of animal manure and the optimal light intensity for the growth and yield of Azolla (Azolla microphylla). The results revealed that applying 100% pig manure gave the highest yield of Azolla compared to the other manure. However, there was no discernible difference in yield across the various doses (20.16, 30.16, and 40.16 gN m-2) of pig manure treatments, for which the minimal pig manure dosage of 20.16 gN m-2 was chosen. For further experimentation in the optimal light in-tensity, the 40% shading gave the highest yield of Azolla compared to no shading or 20 and 60% shading. When compared with the DOA Thailand methodology (1.27 kg m-2 of cow manure and covered with a size 32 mesh net), the findings indicated that the modified method (20.16 gN m-2 of pig manure + 40% shading) gave a 16% greater Azolla yield than that under the DOA Thailand methodology.
Approaches to Enhance the Potency of Poultry Vaccines
Authors: Bodman-Harris Oenone , Rollier Christine , Iqbal Munir
Published: September 2024

Outbreaks of avian pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus and Salmonella have a major impact on economies and food security worldwide. Some pathogens also pose a significant zoonotic potential, especially avian influenza viruses. Vaccination plays a key role in controlling many poultry diseases and there are many vaccines licenced in the United Kingdom for diseases of poultry caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. However, these vaccines often do not provide complete protection and can cause unwanted side effects. Several factors affect the potency of poultry vaccines including the type of vaccination used, the mechanism of delivery and the use of adjuvants. Advancements in technology have led to the study and development of novel vaccines and vaccine adjuvants for use in poultry. These induce stronger immune responses compared to current vaccine technology and have the potential to protect against multiple poultry diseases. This review aims to discuss existing poultry vaccine technology, the effect of delivery mechanisms of vaccine efficacy, the use of current and novel adjuvants, the ability to target antigen to antigen presenting cells, the use of probiotics, multivalent vaccines, and nanotechnology to enhance the potency of poultry vaccines.
Gene Therapy Approach for Treatment of Obese Agouti Mice
Authors: Yunin Maxim A. , Boychenko Stanislav S. , Lebedev Pyotr A. , Egorov Alexander D.
Published: September 2024

Obesity is a significant metabolic disorder associated with excessive fat accumu-lation and insulin resistance. In this study, we explored a gene therapy approach to treat obesity in agouti mice using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) carrying PRDM16, FoxP4, or Follistatin (FST) genes, which are known to promote the browning of white adipose tissue. Mice treated with AAVs encoding PRDM16, FoxP4, or FST genes showed a reduction in body weight (9-12%) within the first three weeks after admin-istration, compared to control groups. Lipidomic analysis of adipose tissue revealed a dramatic reduction in triacylglycerol (TAG) species with low carbon number (40-54 acyl carbones) in treated mice.
Os efeitos econômicos da pandemia de gripe espanhola de 1918: uma análise empírica da mortalidade sobre a economia de São Paulo
Authors: Deliberali Marson Michel , Siviero Pamila Cristina Lima
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do artigo é identificar os efeitos econômicos da pandemia de gripe espanhola que atingiu São Paulo no final de 1918, analisando fontes primárias originais. A contribuição para a historiografia econômica é o entendimento dos impactos de curto prazo para a economia paulista dessa pandemia, geralmente preteridos pela literatura econômica devido aos efeitos da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Os resultados indicam que vários setores da economia de São Paulo foram afetados no lado da oferta e da demanda em função do aumento de mortalidade em decorrência da pandemia, principalmente no último trimestre de 1918. As implicações foram visíveis no investimento privado, com a queda do registro de empresas e empréstimos bancários, na diminuição física e de valor da produção industrial de produtos não essenciais e no aumento dos essenciais em um contexto de crise de saúde pública. No entanto, a recuperação também foi rápida, o que explica, em parte, a pouca atenção dada pela historiografia econômica para identificar os efeitos da gripe espanhola sobre a economia.
Factors Influencing Participation of Rural Women Farmers in Agricultural Activities in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Man Norsida , Abdulmumini Umar , Siaw Shin Yee
Published: September 2024

Globally, rural women farmers benefited from only 5% of agricultural extension information, and also only 10% of the agricultural extension facilities, this affects their engagement in agricultural development resulting in an increased rate of poverty and lack of the necessary knowledge of agricultural practice. This study aimed to determine the internal and external factors influencing rural women farmers’ participation in agricultural activities in rural areas of Malaysia. The study was conducted in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia. A sample size of 248 rural women farmers was selected using simple random sampling. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Collected data were subjected to descriptive and factor analysis using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. The findings indicated that the factors affecting rural women’s participation in agricultural activities in Ranau, Sabah, encompassed access to financial and agricultural inputs, social culture, land rights, access to land, technology adoption, participation in farm management decisions, limited scope of agricultural policy and access to resource and support for women in agriculture. The present study has provided insights into the factors contributing to women’s participation in agriculture activities. The study suggests that a theoretical model should be proposed to test the relationship between these factors and women’s participation in agriculture, along with research to identify solutions for reducing identified barriers.
Hormesis in Pathogenic and Biocontrol Fungi: From Inhibition to Stimulation
Authors: Dharma Krisnanda Surya , Suryanti Suryanti , Widiastuti Ani
Published: September 2024

Hormesis, a biphasic response where low doses of stressors stimulate growth and high doses inhibit it, has significant implications for agricultural chemical use. This review explores the impact of low-dose fungicides or pesticides on pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. This study highlights how sublethal dose exposure can enhance growth and virulence of fungal pathogens, while also potentially increasing their stress tolerance at higher doses. This phenomenon complicates fungicide resistance management strategies. The review focuses on specific fungicides such as dimethachlone, prochloraz, carbendazim, and others, and their hormetic effects on fungal pathogens. Furthermore, the effects of low-dose pesticides and fungicides on beneficial fungi like entomopathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are discussed. Here, low-dose exposure can stimulate the germination of entomopathogenic fungal conidia and enhance AMF root colonization and phosphorus uptake. However, hormesis can have trade-offs, potentially leading to unforeseen consequences for the organism. A thorough understanding of hormesis and dose-dependent fungicide effects is crucial for optimizing disease management and agricultural practices. This knowledge can inform strategies to minimize pathogen resistance and promote sustainable approaches. Implementing integrated disease management that combines fungicides with different modes of action alongside other control methods can be effective. Careful consideration of fungicide doses and potential hormesis effects is paramount for ensuring sustainable plant disease control and food security.
Sustainability of the Different Rice Cultivation Practices in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Ikhsan Adi , Suryantini Any , Perwitasari Hani
Published: September 2024

The current food crisis has become a serious threat to humanity. Other issues such as climate change, farmer regeneration, and excessive use of chemical inputs at the producer level threaten sustainability in agriculture. The sustainability of agricultural practices among farmers remains questionable due to the small number of organic farmers in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sustainability of rice cultivation and the factors that influence the sustainability of rice cultivation in various types of cultivation in Yogyakarta. Research on farm sustainability that is analyzed in a multidimensional (5 dimensions) and compares 3 types of cultivation has not been widely carried out in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Bantul and Sleman with 90 respondents. The analysis method used Multidimensional Scaling-RAPFISH and Tobit regression. The results showed interesting findings where the 3 types of rice cultivation are in the sufficient (moderately sustainable) category even though the 3 have differences in the use of inputs, especially in the ecological dimension. The factors of education, frequency of attending extension and activity in farmer groups, the use of good agricultural practices, land ownership, and type of cultivation had a positive effect on increasing the sustainability of rice cultivation in various types of cultivation in Yogyakarta. The results of this research have an impact on agricultural extension field education provided by the government to increase the sustainability of rice cultivation in Yogyakarta. It is recommended that the 3 types of rice farmers to pay more attention to the use of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) to increase sustainability.
Molecular Identification of Three Potyviruses Infecting Allium cepa var. aggregatum and Allium sativum in Central Cultivation Areas of Indonesia
Authors: Santosa Adyatma Irawan , Nasir Muh Amat , Çelik Ali , Farooq Tahir , Subiastuti Aprilia Sufi
Published: September 2024

One hundred and twenty shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) and 22 garlic (Allium sativum) samples were collected from major growing regions and markets to determine the distribution and molecular diversity of 3 potyviruses: leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) in Indonesia. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that 83% of shallot and all garlic samples were infected by at least 1 virus species. Coat protein (CP) region of 8 Indonesian LYSV, 19 OYDV, and 10 SYSV isolates were sequenced and given accession nos. OR772038-OR772082 in NCBI GenBank. Five isolates were recombinants according to analysis using the Recombination Detection Program (RDP v5.30). The phylogenetic tree deduced that 6 LYSV Indonesian and 2 China imported isolates belong to S-type. All tested OYDV isolates, including the 19 isolates, were clustered separately according to their respective hosts: onion and garlic. The 10 Indonesian SYSV isolates were clustered together in the same group and thus shown to be closely related. All isolates tested in this study were estimated to be still within their respective species demarcation according to percentage identity analysis. This was the most comprehensive molecular study on LYSV, OYDV, and SYSV that may help to find sustainable management strategies according to conditions in Indonesia and contribute to the global knowledge on the genetic diversity of the 3 viruses.
Nutrient Potential Mapping of Soils for Tea Plants Through Laboratory and Geostatistical Approaches
Authors: Roy Sajal , Akter Sanjida , Das Shuva , Ripon Md. Sayem Ahmmed , Ritu Tanvina Islam , Chowdhury Nasrin
Published: September 2024

The assessment of nutrient potential is crucial for enhancing tea production and achieving sustainable agricultural goals. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess and map the soil nutrient potential for tea plants through laboratory and geostatistical methods. A total of 74 random soil samples with 3 replications were collected from 0 to 9 cm (topsoil) and 9 to 18 cm (subsoil) depths from Oodaleah Tea Garden (OTG) which belongs to Fatikchhari Upazila of Chattogram District in Bangladesh. All the laboratory analyses were done following standard procedures and maps of individual soil indices were prepared through the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique using ArcGIS 10.7 software. The integration of maps for nutrient potential was performed following the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The mean concentrations of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AvP), available potassium (AvK), and available calcium (AvCa) were found higher at 0 to 9 cm compared to 9 to 18 cm soil depth with significant (p < 0.05) difference among the sampling sites. The maps of individual soil parameters revealed distinct spatial differences at 0 to 9 cm and 9 to 18 cm soil depths. The total study area covered 5.99 km2. Integrated nutrient potential mapping showed that moderately suitable (44.15%) accounted for the largest proportion, followed by highly suitable (26.03%), generally suitable (21.67%), marginally suitable (7.06%), and unsuitable area (1.08%) of the tea plantation suitability evaluation. The integrated map of nutrient potential will aid in better management of the tea soils.
Effect of Colchicine and Bio-catharantin on the DNA Relative Content and Stomatal Structure of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Jeliteng)
Authors: Setyati Dwi , Su’udi Mukhamad , Wulandari Dyah Retno , Handoyo Tri , Ulum Fuad Bahrul
Published: September 2024

Black rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Jeliteng), known for its health benefits compared to white rice, faces challenges in productivity. Among varieties, this black rice is popular in Indonesia but shows low yield. Research on improving black rice through genetic manipulation with antimitotic substances is limited. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of colchicine and Bio-catharantin on the germination rate, DNA relative content, and stomatal structure of O. sativa L. var. Jeliteng. Seeds were treated with colchicine (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) and Bio-catharantin (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) at soaking durations of 12, 24, and 48 hours. Germination was assayed, ploidy was determined using flow cytometry, and stomatal traits, including size and density, were examined microscopically. The results showed that Bio-catharantin did not exhibit any toxic effects on germination rates, whereas colchicine reduced germination starting at 0.2% concentration. Both chemical agents modified the DNA relative content of Jeliteng black rice. Colchicine generally increased stomatal length and width while decreasing stomatal density, with significant changes at 0.3% concentration for 24 hours. Bio-catharantin also altered stomatal traits, enhancing length and width in most cases but significantly reducing density under certain conditions. Bio-catharantin emerged as a promising alternative to colchicine for inducing chromosomal mutations in plants, offering benefits in altered stomatal structures without the toxic effects on germination, compared to colchicine.
Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia: Genetic Characterization and Strain Detection
Authors: Puu Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga , Daud Itji Diana , Nasruddin Andi , Melina Melina
Published: September 2024

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest of corn plants spreading throughout the world, including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. Despite the wide distribution, there is a lack of information on the strain or genetic diversity of the pest in NTT. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the strain of S. frugiperda from several areas in NTT with a molecular method using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi) gene markers. The samples were collected from 3 islands: Timor, Flores, and Sumba. Amplification of the marker genes was carried out using 3 specific primers to identify the strain obtained from samples. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were sequenced and the DNA sequences were analyzed using the BioEdit and BLAST programs. Phylogeny analyses were carried out using the MEGA 11 program to verify the strain group of samples with reference isolates from other countries found in GenBank. The PCR results showed product amplicon size 811 bp for the CO1A marker. Based on phylogeny tree analysis using COI marker, S. frugiperda from NTT showed 2 clades, namely corn and rice strains. The characterization results showed that S. frugiperda in NTT comprised 63.6% corn and 36.4% rice strains. COIB classified S. frugiperda from NTT into the h4 haplotype subgroup, while Tpi gene marker was in the corn strain. This study provided valuable information regarding the strain of S. frugiperda in Indonesia to determine the appropriate control strategy.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Orthopedic Surgical Backlogs Such as the One Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Henderson Adam P. , Van Schuyver Paul R. , Economopoulos Kostas J. , Bingham Joshua S. , Chhabra Anikar
Published: September 2024

➤ The COVID-19 pandemic created a persistent surgical backlog in elective orthopedic surgeries.

➤ Artificial intelligence (AI) uses computer algorithms to solve problems and has potential as a powerful tool in health care.

➤ AI can help improve current and future orthopedic backlogs through enhancing surgical schedules, optimizing preoperative planning, and predicting postsurgical outcomes.

➤ AI may help manage existing waitlists and increase efficiency in orthopedic workflows.
Kajian molekular docking, farmakokinetik dan toksisitas tanaman pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) terhadap target terapi antidepresan
Authors: Sifaiya Laily , Hasan Rahmawaty , Choirunniza Aqidatun Naffiah
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK
Depresi merupakan penyakit gangguan mental yang kejadiannya di Indonesia terus meningkat setiap tahun dan belum ditemukan obat spesifik untuk pengobatannya. Penelitian pengembangan obat antidepresi dari pegagan perlu dilakukan untuk menganalisis adanya interaksi dari senyawa kimia dalam tanaman pegagan terhadap target reseptor depresi piperidine E20 (PDB ID: 4EY7) dari asetilkolinesterase secara in silico. Senyawa kimia dari tanaman pegagan telah dilakukan skrining berdasarkan aktivitas masing-masing senyawa menggunakan webform Way2drug dan Superpred, dengan hasil diperoleh tiga senyawa yang dipilih berdasarkan perolehan nilai ΔG terendah untuk dilanjutkan pada tahap docking molecular menggunakan Autodock Tools 4.2. Tiga senyawa terbaik diambil dari masing-masing makromolekul yang telah divisualisasikan menggunakan Discovery Studio, kemudian diteruskan dengan prediksi farmakokinetik dan drug likeness menggunakan webform SwissADME, serta prediksi toksisitas menggunakan Toxtree. Senyawa terbaik ditunjukkan dengan senyawa yang memiliki absorbsi yang baik dalam saluran gastrointestinal, tidak terdistribusi dalam jaringan otak dan termasuk pada bagian P-gp substrat, serta tidak berperan sebagai inhibitor dari enzim sitokrom P450. Sedangkan terkait prediksi toksisitasnya, senyawa terbaik ditunjukkan pada senyawa yang tidak memiliki potensi sebagai senyawa karsinogenik, genotoksik dan non genotoksik. Hasil uji yang didapat menetapkan bahwa senyawa yang dapat dijadikan sebagai calon kandidat obat baru antidepresi adalah senyawa madasiatic acid.
 
Kata Kunci: Antidepresan, Centella asiatica, Farmakokinetik, In Silico, Toksisitas
Al-Tasawuf wa Azmah al-Mustadāmah: Muqārabah Muta’addidah al-Takhaṣṣuṣāt Li Idārah al-Nufāyāt fī Indonesia Mustawḥāt min Mafhūm al-Khilāfah fī Rasāil al-Nūr
Authors: Mudin Moh. Isom , Huringiin Nabila , Ouannes Mohamed Hedi , Türkoğlu Tuğba
Published: September 2024

This research explores the relationship between the concept of Khilafah in the Risale-i Nur and the "Zero Waste" movement in Indonesia. The study utilizes a literature review, including a compilation of Risale-I Nur, data from the Zero Waste program in Indonesia's National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN), and related literature. This data is then qualitatively analyzed and subjected to content analysis to describe the relevance and implications of it concept on the Indonesia Zero Waste movement.  The research demonstrates that the concept of Khilafah transcends the anthropocentric and ecocentric perspectives, emphasizing human responsibility towards the environment. The research further illustrates how the concept of Khilafah utilizes the "Law of Purification" as a foundation for the "Zero Waste" concept. Despite the progress made by Indonesia in waste management, significant challenges remain. The research highlights the role of the Khilafah concept in fostering religious awareness and sensitivity within the "Zero Waste" movements. It elucidates that the connection between the Nursian Khilafah and the "Zero Waste" movements constitutes a religious basis and sensitivity that requires continuous attention. The research is expected to provide profound insights into the potential of the Nursian Khilafah in addressing waste problems and supporting the "Zero Waste" movement in Indonesia
Indicadores de Criminalidade Relacionados ao Gasto com Segurança Pública nos Estados Brasileiros
Authors: Teixeira Bonifácio da Silva Pablo Eduardo Nikolais , Barbosa Alexandro
Published: September 2024

Objetivo da pesquisa: O trabalho propõe investigar os indicadores de criminalidade relacionados ao gasto com segurança pública nos estados brasileiros durante o período de 2010 a 2018.
Enquadramento teórico: A pesquisa utiliza como base teórica estudos sobre a teoria do gasto, teoria do crime, criminalidade e gastos em segurança pública.
Metodologia: A amostra é composta pela própria população, isto é, os dados dispostos no período analisado de todos os estados brasileiros, contendo assim 211 observações, que foram analisados através da técnica de regressão com dados em painel.
Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que os indicadores de criminalidade estão positivamente relacionados de forma significativa com a despesa com segurança pública, bem como revelam que o efeito das variáveis dummy (regiões) é estatisticamente igual no tocante ao gasto com segurança pública, visto que elas não são estatisticamente significantes para determinar o gasto, ou seja, as regiões não influenciam no gasto em segurança pública.
Originalidade: O estudo estende o conhecimento, ao testar um modelo inovador, bem como propor a investigação se a incidência nas regiões é ou não estatisticamente significante para diminuição ou aumento da criminalidade.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Os dados analisados levam a crer que a função alocativa de gasto em segurança pública é ineficiente no combate ao crime, sendo necessárias políticas públicas que venham a combater a criminalidade para casos como o ilustrado pela Teoria das Janelas Quebradas sejam evitados. Ademais, contribui por meio da investigação empírica analítica, ao trazer evidências estatísticas no tocante às variáveis que possam verificar se os indicadores de criminalidade estão relacionados aos gastos com a segurança pública nos estados brasileiros.