bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Interconnecting Layer of Metal Oxide/Dipole Layer/Metal Oxide for Efficient Tandem Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Shunmian , Guan Xing , Li Xinchen , Sha Wei E. I. , Xie Fengxian , Liu Hongchao , Wang Jiannong , Huang Fei , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: June 2015

A new metal‐oxide‐based interconnecting layer (ICL) structure of all‐solution processed metal oxide/dipole layer/metal oxide for efficient tandem organic solar cell (OSC) is demonstrated. The dipole layer modifies the work function (WF) of molybdenum oxide (MoO
x
) to eliminate preexisted counter diode between MoO
x
and TiO2. Three different amino functionalized water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) are studied to show that the WF tuning of MoO
x
is controllable. Importantly, the results show that S‐shape current density versus voltage (J–V) characteristics form when operation temperature decreases. This implies that thermionic emission within the dipole layer plays critical role for helping recombination of electrons and holes. Meanwhile, the insignificant homotandem open‐circuit voltage (V
oc) loss dependence on dipole layer thickness shows that the quantum tunneling effect is weak for efficient electron and hole recombination. Based on this ICL, poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)‐based homotandem OSC with 1.20 V V
oc and 3.29% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is achieved. Furthermore, high efficiency poly(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b54,5‐b9]dithiophene‐alt alkylcarbonylthieno[3,4‐b]thiophene) (PBDTTT‐C‐T)‐based homotandem OSC with 1.54 V V
oc and 8.11% PCE is achieved, with almost 15.53% enhancement compared to its single cell. This metal oxide/dipole layer/metal oxide ICL provides a new strategy to develop other qualified ICL with different hole transporting layer and electron transporting layer in tandem OSCs.
A girl with incomplete Prader–Willi syndrome and negative MS‐PCR, found to have mosaic maternal UPD‐15 at SNP array
Authors: Morandi Anita , Bonnefond Amélie , Lobbens Stéphane , Carotenuto Marco , del Giudice Emanuele Miraglia , Froguel Philippe , Maffeis Claudio
Published: June 2015

The Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by lack of expression of paternal allele of the 15q11.2‐q13 region, due to deletions at paternal 15q11.2‐q13 (<70%), maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 (mat‐UPD 15) (30%) or imprinting defects (1%). Hyperphagia, intellectual disabilities/behavioral disorders, neonatal hypotonia, and hypogonadism are cardinal features for PWS. Methylation sensitive PCR (MS‐PCR) of the SNRPN locus, which assesses the presence of both the unmethylated (paternal) and the methylated (maternal) allele of 15q11.2‐q13, is considered a sensitive reference technique for PWS diagnosis regardless of genetic subtype. We describe a 17‐year‐old girl with severe obesity, short stature, and intellectual disability, without hypogonadism and history of neonatal hypotonia, who was suspected to have an incomplete PWS. The MS‐PCR showed a normal pattern with similar maternal and paternal electrophoretic bands. Afterwards, a SNP array showed the presence of iso‐UPD 15, that is, UPD15 with two copies of the same chromosome 15, in about 50% of cells, suggesting a diagnosis of partial PWS due to mosaic maternal iso‐UPD15 arisen as rescue of a post‐fertilization error. A quantitative methylation analysis confirmed the presence of mosaic UPD15 in about 50% of cells. We propose that complete clinical criteria for PWS and MS‐PCR should not be considered sensitive in suspecting and diagnosing partial PWS due to mosaic UPD15. In contrast, clinical suspicion based on less restrictive criteria followed by SNP array is a more powerful approach to diagnose atypical PWS due to UPD15 mosaicism. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complex cooperative breeders: Using infant care costs to explain variability in callitrichine social and reproductive behavior
Authors: Díaz‐Muñoz Samuel L.
Published: June 2015

The influence of ecology on social behavior and mating strategies is one of the central questions in behavioral ecology and primatology. Callitrichines are New World primates that exhibit high behavioral variability, which is widely acknowledged, but not always systematically researched. Here, I examine the hypothesis that differences in the cost of infant care among genera help explain variation in reproductive traits. I present an integrative approach to generate and evaluate predictions from this hypothesis. I first identify callitrichine traits that vary minimally and traits that are more flexible (e.g., have greater variance or norm of reaction), including the number of males that mate with a breeding female, mechanisms of male reproductive competition, number of natal young retained, and the extent of female reproductive suppression. I outline how these more labile traits should vary along a continuum of infant care costs according to individual reproductive strategies. At one end of the spectrum, I predict that groups with higher infant care costs will show multiple adult males mating and providing infant care, high subordinate female reproductive suppression, few natal individuals delaying dispersal, and increased reproductive output by the dominant female –with opposite predictions under low infant costs. I derive an estimate of the differences in ecological and physiological infant care costs that suggest an order of ascending costs in the wild:Cebuella,Callithrix,Mico,Callimico,Saguinus, and Leontopithecus. I examine the literature on each genus for the most variable traits and evaluate a) where they fall along the continuum of infant care costs according to their reproductive strategies, and b) whether these costs correspond to the ecophysiological estimates of infant care costs. I conclude that infant care costs can provide a unifying explanation for the most variable reproductive traits among callitrichine genera. The approach presented can be used to generate predictions and motivate researchers to unravel complexity in callitrichine social and reproductive behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 78:372–387, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Precise Synthesis of Phenylene‐Extended Cyclic Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes from Polyarylated [n]Cycloparaphenylenes by the Scholl Reaction
Authors: Quernheim Martin , Golling Florian E. , Zhang Wen , Wagner Manfred , Räder Hans‐Joachim , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Müllen Klaus
Published: June 2015

The longitudinal extension of cycloparaphenylenes (CPP) towards ultrashort carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is essential for the solution based bottom‐up synthesis of CNTs. Herein, the longitudinal extension of the CPP skeleton by the introduction of hexaphenylbenzene units towards polyarylated [n]CPPs is described. Further, the applicability of the Scholl reaction to selectively form graphenic sidewalls is demonstrated. The ring size and substitution patterns of the polyarylated [n]CPPs were varied to overcome strain‐induced side reactions during the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation and cyclic para‐hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene trimers ([3]CHBCs) were selectively obtained. This concept is envisioned as an access to ultrashort carbon nanotubes subject to the condition that further benzene rings with the right connectivity will be inserted.
Development of hierarchical structured carbon nanotube‐nylon nanofiber mats
Authors: Weng Baicheng , Xu Fenghua , Lozano Karen
Published: June 2015

A hierarchical nanofiber (NF) structure featuring carbon nanotubes (CNTs) densely attached on the surface of NFs is presented. Nonwoven NF mats made of Nylon 6 (Nylon) were mass produced using the forcespinning® (FS) technology, followed by depositing functionalized CNTs (f‐CNTs) on the surface of NFs. Strong interfacial adhesion between CNTs and Nylon NFs was developed by the formation of covalent bonds. The morphology, structure, conductivity, and mechanical properties of the developed CNT‐Nylon NFs were analyzed. The hierarchical NFs have a 338% improvement in tensile strength without compromising its strain at break. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of electromagnetic interference (EMI) was recorded to be 30 dB. These promising characteristics endow novel flexible hierarchical NF mats for applications as EMI shielding materials or smart textiles to mention some. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42535.
Assessment of cell proliferation in knitting scaffolds with respect to pore‐size heterogeneity, surface wettability, and surface roughness
Authors: Jo A Ra , Hong Myoung Wha , Cho Yong Sang , Song Ki Myoung , Lee Jun Hee , Sohn Dongwoo , Kim Young‐Yul , Cho Young‐Sam
Published: June 2015

In this study, various types of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) knitting scaffolds were fabricated and analyzed to assess the cell‐culturing characteristics of knitting scaffolds with respect to pore‐size heterogeneity, surface wettability, and surface roughness. First, control knitting scaffolds were fabricated using 150‐µm‐diameter PCL monofilaments. Using chloroform and NaOH, PCL knitting scaffolds with varying roughness, pore‐size heterogeneity, and surface wettability were fabricated. Cell‐culture assessments were performed on these six types of PCL knitting scaffolds. Saos‐2 cells were used for cell assessments and cultured for 14 days on each scaffold. Consequently, heterogeneous pore‐size distribution and high surface wettability were found to enhance cell proliferation in knitting scaffolds. In addition, for highly hydrophobic knitting scaffolds exhibiting water contact angles greater than 110 degrees, smaller surface roughness was found to enhance cell proliferation. According to this study, in the case of knitting scaffold, NaOH‐treated knitting scaffold, without any control for the pore‐size homogenization, could be a candidate as the optimal knitting scaffold. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42566.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) and 1,2,3‐propanetriol diglycidyl ether incorporated soy protein isolate‐based films
Authors: Xu Fengjuan , Zhang Wei , Zhang Shifeng , Li Li , Li Jianzhang , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2015

Novel biodegradable films were prepared from soy protein isolate (SPI), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), glycerol, and 1,2,3‐propanetriol diglycidyl ether (PTGE). The mechanical, hydrophilic, and compatible properties of the films were investigated. The influence of PTGE as a crosslinker on the properties of the SPI/PVA/PTGE films was examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical analysis, contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. XRD and contact angle examination confirmed that the addition of PTGE altered the film microstructure to a crystalline one. The mechanical properties and water resistance of the SPI/PVA/PTGE films increased notably compared with those of the unmodified SPI films. All results indicate that the networks were formed between SPI and PTGE and played an important role in forming a homogeneous structure in the obtained films. The novel biodegradable films provide a convenient and promising way for preparing environmentally friendly film materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42578.
Fabrication and assessment of 3Dprinted anatomical models of the lower limb for anatomical teaching and femoral vessel access training in medicine
Authors: O'Reilly Michael K. , Reese Sven , Herlihy Therese , Geoghegan Tony , Cantwell Colin P. , Feeney Robin N.M. , Jones James F.X.
Published: June 2015

For centuries, cadaveric dissection has been the touchstone of anatomy education. It offers a medical student intimate access to his or her first patient. In contrast to idealized artisan anatomical models, it presents the natural variation of anatomy in fine detail. However, a new teaching construct has appeared recently in which artificial cadavers are manufactured through three‐dimensional (3D) printing of patient specific radiological data sets. In this article, a simple powder based printer is made more versatile to manufacture hard bones, silicone muscles and perfusable blood vessels. The approach involves blending modern approaches (3D printing) with more ancient ones (casting and lost‐wax techniques). These anatomically accurate models can augment the approach to anatomy teaching from dissection to synthesis of 3D‐printed parts held together with embedded rare earth magnets. Vascular simulation is possible through application of pumps and artificial blood. The resulting arteries and veins can be cannulated and imaged with Doppler ultrasound. In some respects, 3D‐printed anatomy is superior to older teaching methods because the parts are cheap, scalable, they can cover the entire age span, they can be both dissected and reassembled and the data files can be printed anywhere in the world and mass produced. Anatomical diversity can be collated as a digital repository and reprinted rather than waiting for the rare variant to appear in the dissection room. It is predicted that 3D printing will revolutionize anatomy when poly‐material printing is perfected in the early 21st century. Anat Sci Educ. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
VARK learning preferences and mobile anatomy software application use in pre‐clinical chiropractic students
Authors: Meyer Amanda J. , Stomski Norman J. , Innes Stanley I. , Armson Anthony J.
Published: June 2015

Ubiquitous smartphone ownership and reduced face‐to‐face teaching time may lead to students making greater use of mobile technologies in their learning. This is the first study to report on the prevalence of mobile gross anatomy software applications (apps) usage in pre‐clinical chiropractic students and to ascertain if a relationship exists between preferred learning styles as determined by the validated VARK© questionnaire and use of mobile anatomy apps. The majority of the students who completed the VARK questionnaire were multimodal learners with kinesthetic and visual preferences. Sixty‐seven percent (73/109) of students owned one or more mobile anatomy apps which were used by 57 students. Most of these students owned one to five apps and spent less than 30 minutes per week using them. Six of the top eight mobile anatomy apps owned and recommended by the students were developed by 3D4Medical. Visual learning preferences were not associated with time spent using mobile anatomy apps (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.12–1.40). Similarly, kinesthetic learning preferences (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 0.18–20.2), quadmodal preferences (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.06–9.25), or gender (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.48–4.81) did not affect the time students' spent using mobile anatomy apps. Learning preferences do not appear to influence students' time spent using mobile anatomy apps. Anat Sci Educ 9: 247–254. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
A reproducible and versatile system for the dynamic expansion of human pluripotent stem cells in suspension
Authors: Elanzew Andreas , Sommer Annika , Pusch‐Klein Annette , Brüstle Oliver , Haupt Simone
Published: June 2015

Reprogramming of patient cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) has facilitated in vitro disease modeling studies aiming at deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis and progression. To fully exploit the potential of hiPSC for biomedical applications, technologies that enable the standardized generation and expansion of hiPSC from large numbers of donors are required. Paralleled automated processes for the expansion of hiPSC could provide an opportunity to maximize the generation of hiPSC collections from patient cohorts while minimizing hands‐on time and costs. In order to develop a simple method for the parallel expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) we established a protocol for their cultivation as undifferentiated aggregates in a bench‐top bioreactor system (BioLevitator™). We show that long‐term expansion (10 passages) of hPSCs either in mTeSR or E8 medium preserved a normal karyotype, three‐germ‐layer differentiation potential and high expression of pluripotency‐associated markers. The system enables the expansion from low inoculation densities (0.3 × 105 cells/mL) and provides a simplified, cost‐efficient and time‐saving method for the provision of hiPSC at midi‐scale. Implementation of this protocol in cell production schemes has the potential to advance cell manufacturing in many areas of hiPSC‐based medical research.
Production of farnesene and santalene by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using fed‐batch cultivations with RQ‐controlled feed
Authors: Tippmann Stefan , Scalcinati Gionata , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens
Published: June 2015

Terpenes have various applications as fragrances, cosmetics and fuels. One of the most prominent examples is the sesquiterpene farnesene, which can be used as diesel substitute in its hydrogenated form farnesane. Recent metabolic engineering efforts have enabled efficient production of several terpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Plant terpene synthases take on an essential function for sesquiterpene production as they catalyze the specific conversion of the universal precursor farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to the sesquiterpene of interest and thereby impose limitations on the overall productivity. Using farnesene as a case study, we chose three terpene synthases with distinct plant origins and compared their applicability for farnesene production in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Differences regarding the efficiency of these enzymes were observed in shake flask cultivation with maximal final titers of 4 mg/L using α‐farnesene synthase from Malus domestica. By employing two existing platform strains optimized for sesquiterpene production, final titers could be raised up 170 mg/L in fed‐batch fermentations with RQ‐controlled exponential feeding. Based on these experiments, the difference between the selected synthases was not significant. Lastly, the same fermentation setup was used to compare these results to production of the fragrance sesquiterpene santalene, and almost equivalent titers were obtained with 163 mg/L, using the highest producing strain expressing a santalene synthase from Clausena lansium. However, a reduction of the product yield on biomass by 50% could indicate a higher catalytic efficiency of the farnesene synthase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 72–81. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic deletion of the Histone Deacetylase 6 exacerbates selected behavioral deficits in the R6/1 mouse model for Huntington's disease
Authors: Ragot Alienor , Pietropaolo Susanna , Vincent Jean , Delage Pauline , Zhang Hongyu , Allinquant Bernadette , Leinekugel Xavier , Fischer André , Cho Yoon H.
Published: June 2015

Introduction

The inhibition of the Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) increases tubulin acetylation, thus stimulating intracellular vesicle trafficking and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, that is, cellular processes markedly reduced in Huntington's disease (HD).

Methods

We therefore tested that reducing HDAC6 levels by genetic manipulation would attenuate early cognitive and behavioral deficits in R6/1 mice, a mouse model which develops progressive HD‐related phenotypes.

Results

In contrast to our initial hypothesis, the genetic deletion of HDAC6 did not reduce the weight loss or the deficits in cognitive abilities and nest‐building behavior shown by R6/1 mice, and even worsened their social impairments, hypolocomotion in the Y‐maze, and reduced ultrasonic vocalizations.

Conclusions

These results weaken the validity of HDAC6 reduction as a possible therapeutic strategy for HD. The data are discussed in terms of additional cellular consequences and anatomical specificity of HDAC6 that could explain these unexpected effects.
Hepcidin and its potential clinical utility
Authors: Miseta Attila , Nagy Judit , Nagy Tamas , Poór Viktor Soma , Fekete Zsuzsanna , Sipos Katalin
Published: June 2015

A number of pathophysiological conditions are related to iron metabolism disturbances. Some of them are well known, others are newly discovered or special. Hepcidin is a newly identified iron metabolism regulating hormone, which could be a promising biomarker for many disorders. In this review, we provide background information about mammalian iron metabolism, cellular iron trafficking, and the regulation of expression of hepcidin. Beside these molecular biological processes, we summarize the methods that have been used to determine blood and urine hepcidin levels and present those pathological conditions (cancer, inflammation, neurological disorders) when hepcidin measurement may have clinical relevance.
“Caffeine Doping” of Carbon/Nitrogen‐Based Organic Catalysts: Caffeine as a Supramolecular Edge Modifier for the Synthesis of Photoactive Carbon Nitride Tubes
Authors: Jordan Thomas , Fechler Nina , Xu Jingsan , Brenner Thomas J. K. , Antonietti Markus , Shalom Menny
Published: June 2015

An alternative method for the structure tuning of carbon nitride materials by using a supramolecular approach in combination with caffeine as lining‐agent is described. The self‐assembly of the precursor complex consisting of melamine and cyanuric acid can be controlled by this doping molecule in terms of morphology, electronic, and photophysical properties. Caffeine is proposed to insert as an edge‐molecule eventually leading to hollow tube‐like carbon nitride structures with improved efficiency of charge formation. Compared to the bulk carbon nitride, the caffeine‐doped analogue possesses a higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B dye. Furthermore, this approach is also shown to be suitable for the modification of carbon nitride electrodes.
Catalysis of Vanadium Ion Redox Reactions on Carbonaceous Material with Metal–N4 Sites
Authors: Maruyama Jun , Hasegawa Takahiro , Iwasaki Satoshi , Fukuhara Tomoko , Orikasa Yuki , Uchimoto Yoshiharu
Published: June 2015

The low energy efficiency caused by the slow reaction rates of vanadium ion redox reactions is the main drawback in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), which is a promising large‐scale electrical energy storage system capable of leveling fluctuating power generation by wind turbines and photovoltaic cells. The high catalytic activity was found at a carbonaceous thin film with a metal ion and four nitrogen atoms (metal–N4 site) combined in a carbon matrix in the square‐planar configuration and exposed to the surface. Only a specified metal caused the activity as the central metal according to the redox reactions. Regarding the dioxovanadium ion (VO2+) reduction, Fe was the active metal, and the VO2+ reduction behavior indicated that the reduction proceeded through the inner sphere mechanism involving the hydroxylic group attached to the central Fe in contrast to the outer sphere mechanism for the other metals and conventional carbon electrodes.
Mineral Oil/Methanol: A Cheap Biphasic Reaction Medium with Thermomorphic Properties and Its Application to the Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene to Methyl Phenylcarbamate
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Gallo Emma , Ragaini Fabio
Published: June 2015

We developed the methanol/mineral oil system as a new thermomorphic solvent mixture that allows homogeneous catalyst recovery without the use of water or fluorinated solvents. Mineral oil (nujol) is cheap and shows a very limited miscibility with methanol at room temperature but becomes completely miscible at high temperatures. Here we report the synthesis of some phenanthrolines substituted with long‐chain alkyl groups, which render them soluble in hydrocarbons and insoluble in methanol, and their application to the palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of nitrobenzene to methyl phenylcarbamate. Both the reagents and products of the catalytic reaction are much more soluble in methanol than in hydrocarbons, so an easy separation of the catalyst is possible.
Highly trans‐Selective Arylation of Achmatowicz Rearrangement Products by Reductive γ‐Deoxygenation and Heck–Matsuda Reaction: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)‐Musellarins A–C and Their Analogues
Authors: Li Zhilong , Ip Fanny C. F. , Ip Nancy Y. , Tong Rongbiao
Published: June 2015

Fully functionalized pyranuloses derived from Achmatowicz rearrangement (AR) are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. However, access to trans‐2,6‐dihydropyrans from pyranuloses remains underexplored. Herein, we report a new two‐step trans arylation of AR products to access 2,6‐trans‐dihydropyranones. This new trans‐arylation method built on numerous plausible, but unsuccessful, direct arylation reactions, including Ferrier‐type and Tsuji–Trost‐type reactions, was finally enabled by an unprecedented, highly regioselective γ‐deoxygenation of AR products by using Zn/HOAc and a diastereoselective Heck–Matsuda coupling. The synthetic utility of the reaction was demonstrated in the first asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐musellarins A–C and 12 analogues in 11–12 steps. The brevity and efficiency of our synthetic route permitted preparation of enantiomerically pure musellarins and analogues (>20 mg) for preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation, which led us to identify two analogues with three‐to‐six times greater potency than the musellarins as promising new leads.
ChemInform Abstract: The Photovoltaic Properties of Novel Narrow Band Gap Cu2SnS3 Films Prepared by a Spray Pyrolysis Method.
Authors: Jia Zhen , Chen Qinmiao , Chen Jin , Wang Tingting , Li Zhenqing , Dou Xiaoming
Published: June 2015

Cu2SnS3 (CTS) films are fabricated by spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions of SnCl2 (0.01 M), (NH2)2CS (0.05 M), and CuCl2 (0.01—0.0225 M) at glass substrate temperatures of 325‐400 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Titanates Synthesized by Precipitation Method.
Authors: Budigi Lokesh , Nasina Madhusudhana Rao , Shaik Kaleemulla , Amaravadi Sivakumar
Published: June 2015

ZnTiO3 is precipitated from an equimolar mixture of TiCl3 and ZnCl2 in 12% aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Triflate‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Tandem Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of Secondary Amines to α,β‐Bisenones.
Authors: Thirupathaiah Bodakuntla , Seo SungYong
Published: June 2015

A protocol is presented for the catalytic synthesis of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted cyclohexanes bearing two keto and one amine substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Innate Ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Electron‐Rich Arenes.
Authors: Belhomme Marie‐Charlotte , Bayle Alexandre , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier
Published: June 2015

The first direct introduction of a functionalized fluorinated moiety into electron‐rich arenes by a copper‐catalyzed radical‐free process is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Directed Alkylation/Deprotection Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrole[3,4‐d]pyridazinones.
Authors: Nair Reji N. , Bannister Thomas D.
Published: June 2015

A one‐pot directed lithiation/substitution reaction is accompanied by in situ cleavage of the Boc protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: GaBr3‐Catalyzed Coupling Between α‐Iodo Esters with Alkynylstannanes under UV Irradiation.
Authors: Suzuki Itaru , Esumi Naoto , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: June 2015

Various alkynylstannanes are coupled with α‐iodocarbonyl compounds under UV irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Enol Ethers by O‐Difluoromethylation of 1,3‐Diones with ClCF2CO2Et.
Authors: Lin Xiaoxi , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: June 2015

A convenient protocol for the direct conversion of five‐ and six‐membered cyclic 1,3‐diones to difluoromethyl enol ethers is developed using difluoro carbene as reagent which is generated in situ from ethyl chlorodifluoroacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: NH4I‐Mediated Three‐Component Coupling Reaction: Metal‐Free Synthesis of β‐Alkoxy Methyl Sulfides from DMSO, Alcohols, and Styrenes.
Authors: Gao Xiaofang , Pan Xiaojun , Gao Jian , Jiang Huanfeng , Yuan Gaoqing , Li Yingwei
Published: June 2015

A novel method to synthesize β‐alkoxy methyl sulfides is developed via NH4I‐mediated three‐component oxysulfenylation reaction of styrenes with DMSO and alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides from 1‐Arylethanols.
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Kotha Surya Srinivas , Lahiri Nabajit , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: June 2015

The triple oxidation of arylethanols includes alcohol oxidation, sp3 C—H oxidation, and oxidative amidation with amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Thiolation of Unactivated Aryl C—H Bonds: Efficient Access to Diverse Aryl Sulfides.
Authors: Yan Sheng‐Yi , Liu Yue‐Jin , Liu Bin , Liu Yan‐Hua , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: June 2015

The first Ni‐catalyzed thiolation of aromatic C—H bonds with disulfides (II) and (IX) employing a 2‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)isopropylamine directing group is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(II) Source as a Pre‐Catalyst for the Cross‐Coupling of Benzylic Pivalates with Arylboronic Acids: Facile Access to Tri‐ and Diarylmethanes.
Authors: Chen Qiang , Fan Xin‐Heng , Zhang Li‐Peng , Yang Lian‐Ming
Published: June 2015

Various tri‐ or diarylmethanes are simply and conveniently obtained under mild reaction conditions by Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling of benzylic pivalates with arylboronic acids employing Ni(PPh3)2(1‐naphthyl)Cl as a pre‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Photocatalyzed Metal‐Free C—H Heteroarylation of Heteroarenes at Room Temperature: A Sustainable Synthesis of Biheteroaryls.
Authors: Maity Pintu , Kundu Debasish , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: June 2015

An efficient C—H heteroarylation of heteroarenes is achieved through visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed diazotization of heteroarylamines in situ by tBuONO at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Cascade Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans via ortho‐Quinone Methide Intermediates Generated in situ.
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Kadar , Varvounis George
Published: June 2015

The yields using propanoate (IV) as starting material are much higher than the corresponding yields using propanoate (I) (for example synthesis of compound (III)).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Reusable Nanocatalyst for a Neat, One‐Pot and Four‐Component Synthesis of Pyrroles.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Koushki Foroushani Behzad , Rezvani Hamid Reza
Published: June 2015

The employed catalyst can be reused nine times without any significant loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Transformation of Isoxazoles to 2,4‐Dicarbonylpyrroles under Fe/Ni Relay Catalysis.
Authors: Galenko Ekaterina E. , Galenko Alexey V. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Novikov Mikhail S.
Published: June 2015

Domino reaction of 5‐alkoxy‐ or 5‐aminoisoxazoles (I) with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under metal relay catalysis provides access to 2,4‐dicarbonylpyrrole derivatives in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh2(II)‐Catalyzed Ester Migration to Afford 3H‐Indoles from Trisubstituted Styryl Azides.
Authors: Kong Chen , Driver Tom G.
Published: June 2015

A new method to access 3H‐indoles or oxindoles from aryl azides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Modification of the Fischer Indole Synthesis with a Solid Acid.
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale , Mukherjee Somnath
Published: June 2015

A wide range of enolizable aldehydes and ketones and various substituted phenylhydrazines are converted to the corresponding indoles using the cation exchange resin Amberlite IR 120 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hexahydro‐1H‐isoindole Derivatives from Arylacyl Bromides via Homoallenic Bromohydrins.
Authors: Lin Mei‐Huey , Li Yi‐Syuan , Kuo Chung‐Kai , Chen Chung‐Hao , Huang Yen‐Chih , Liang Kung‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Chun , Tsai Chang‐Hsien , Chuang Tsung‐Hsun
Published: June 2015

A synthesis of hexahydro‐1H‐isoindoles (IV) and (VIII) is achieved by a base promoted reaction of homoallenic bromohydrins (II) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Atom‐Economical Transformation of Diaryliodonium Salts: Tandem C—H and N—H Arylation of Indoles.
Authors: Modha Sachin G. , Greaney Michael F.
Published: June 2015

2‐Methylindole gives low yield only (20%) when reacted with diphenyliodonium triflate even at higher temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial and anti‐Nociceptive Profile of Some 4‐(3‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenylazetidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Sen Sandip , Easwari T. S. , De Biplab
Published: June 2015

A new series of the title compounds (IX) is prepared via intermolecular cyclization of Schiff bases (VII) and chloro acetyl chloride in the presence of the base catalyst triethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: BF3·Et2O‐Promoted Cleavage of the C(sp)—C(sp2) Bond of 2‐Propynolphenols/Anilines: Route to C2‐Alkenylated Benzoxazoles and Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Song Xian‐Rong , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Song Bo , Hao Xin‐Hua , Han Ya‐Ping , Gao Pin , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: June 2015

Propargylic alcohols of type (I) and (V) having an ortho‐hydroxyphenyl substituent undergo a BF3‐promoted reaction with azide to yield 2‐alkylated benzoxazoles (II) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Fully Substituted Pyranones via Quasi‐Heterogeneous Genuinely Ligand‐Free Migita—Stille Coupling of Iodoacrylates.
Authors: Kratochvil Jiri , Novak Zdenek , Ghavre Mukund , Novakova Lucie , Ruzicka Ales , Kunes Jiri , Pour Milan
Published: June 2015

The scalable process is catalyzed by palladium black which is recycled and reused in four additional cycles without loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Intramolecular 1,6‐C—H Insertion Reactions of α‐Diazo Esters Catalyzed by Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates.
Authors: Ito Motoki , Kondo Yuji , Nambu Hisanori , Anada Masahiro , Takeda Koji , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: June 2015

The first catalytic asymmetric 1,6‐C—H insertion reaction of α‐diazo esters catalyzed by 1 mol % of a chiral Rh‐complex is developed which provides facile access to optically active oxygen‐containing six‐membered cyclic core structures of biologically active natural products and pharmaceutical agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 4,6‐Diaryl‐2‐(arylthio)nicotinonitriles in Triton X‐100 Aqueous Micellar Media.
Authors: Poor Heravi Mohammad Reza , Soufi Amir
Published: June 2015

Triton X‐100 aqueous micelles act as catalyst in the four‐component one‐pot reaction of acetophenone (I), malononitrile (II), aryl aldehydes (III), and aryl thiols (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis and Pharmacological Screening of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives Bearing a Fluorinated 5‐Aryloxypyrazole Nucleus.
Authors: Karad Sharad C. , Purohit Vishal B. , Raval Dipak K. , Kalaria Piyush N. , Avalani Jemin R. , Thakor Parth , Thakkar Vasudev R.
Published: June 2015

A series of novel hydroquinoline derivatives (IV) is synthesized under ultrasonic irradiation by a one‐pot three‐component cyclocondensation reaction of pyrazole carbaldehydes (II) with malononitrile and various enehydrazino ketones (I) in the presence of piperidine as a basic catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp2)‐H Imidoylation for the Synthesis of Six‐Membered N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Li Jing , He Yimiao , Luo Shuang , Lei Jian , Wang Jian , Xie Zeqiang , Zhu Qiang
Published: June 2015

2‐Isocyanato‐1,1′‐biphenyls and (Z)‐2‐isocyanostyrenes readily undergo a Pd‐catalyzed coupling with aryl halides to yield phenanthridines and isoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approach to Wortmannilactone C.
Authors: Brandt Damien , Dittoo Aurelia , Bellosta Veronique , Cossy Janine
Published: June 2015

Compound (I) is synthesized and identified as an diastereomer of the title compound wortmannilactone C.
ChemInform Abstract: Key Study on the Potential of Hydrazine Bisborane for Solid‐ and Liquid‐State Chemical Hydrogen Storage.
Authors: Pylypko Sergii , Petit Eddy , Yot Pascal G. , Salles Fabrice , Cretin Marc , Miele Philippe , Demirci Umit B.
Published: June 2015

The title compound, N2H4(BH3)2, is prepared from a mixture of freshly ground [N2H5][HSO4] and NaBH4 in THF (Ar‐filled glovebox, round‐bottom flask, 40 °C, 42—90 h, 87% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Sulfur‐ and Selenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative and Isohypsic Functionalization Reactions of Alkenes
Authors: Breder Alexander , Ortgies Stefan
Published: June 2015

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Furan′s Gambit: Electrophile‐Attack‐Triggered Sacrifice of Furan Rings for the Intramolecular Construction of Azaheterocycles
Authors: Trushkov Igor V. , Uchuskin Maxim G. , Butin Alexander V.
Published: June 2015

Review: [recent studies on intramolecular furan ring opening — azaheterocycle ring closure reactions induced by acid or electrophilic attack on the furan ring; 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity in the Au‐Catalyzed Hydration and Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynes
Authors: Goodwin Justin A. , Aponick Aaron
Published: June 2015

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Old Friend in a New Guise‐Recent Trends in Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Behr Arno , Vorholt Andreas J. , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: June 2015

Review: 266 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reaction Processes Revealed by Scanning Probe Microcopy
Authors: Jiang Peng , Bao Xinhe , Salmeron Miquel
Published: June 2015

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Multiphysics Perspective on Mechanistic Models for Chemical Corrosion Inhibitor Performance
Authors: Taylor Christopher D. , Chandra Ashwini , Vera Jose , Sridhar Narasi
Published: June 2015

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Excited Electronic States and Internal Conversion in Cyanocobalamin
Authors: Wiley Theodore E. , Arruda Brenden C. , Miller Nicholas A. , Lenard Michael , Sension Roseanne J.
Published: June 2015

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometallic 3d—4f Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Rosado Piquer Lidia , Sanudo E. Carolina
Published: June 2015

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flexible Solid‐State Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Peihua , Mai Wenjie
Published: June 2015

Review: 165 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development on Anodes for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bommier Clement , Ji Xiulei
Published: June 2015

Review: [124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Jun , Hu Junping , Deng Qi , Mo Jun , Xie Hao , Liu Zaichun , Xiong Yuanfu , Wu Xiongwei , Wu Yuping
Published: June 2015

Review: [60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfate Chemistry for High‐Voltage Insertion Materials: Synthetic, Structural and Electrochemical Insights
Authors: Barpanda Prabeer
Published: June 2015

Review: [37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Rechargeable Magnesium Battery Technology: A Review of the Field′s Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Park Min‐Sik , Kim Jae‐Geun , Kim Young‐Jun , Choi Nam‐Soon , Kim Jeom‐Soo
Published: June 2015

Review: [82 refs.
Maximally spaced projection sequencing in electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Redler Gage , Epel Boris , Halpern Howard J.
Published: June 2015

Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) provides 3D images of absolute oxygen concentration (pO2) in vivo with excellent spatial and pO2 resolution. When investigating such physiologic parameters in living animals, the situation is inherently dynamic. Improvements in temporal resolution and experimental versatility are necessary to properly study such a system. Uniformly distributed projections result in efficient use of data for image reconstruction. This has dictated current methods such as equal‐solid‐angle (ESA) spacing of projections. However, acquisition sequencing must still be optimized to achieve uniformity throughout imaging. An object‐independent method for uniform acquisition of projections, using the ESA uniform distribution for the final set of projections, is presented. Each successive projection maximizes the distance in the gradient space between itself and prior projections. This maximally spaced projection sequencing (MSPS) method improves image quality for intermediate images reconstructed from incomplete projection sets, enabling useful real‐time reconstruction. This method also provides improved experimental versatility, reduced artifacts, and the ability to adjust temporal resolution post factum to best fit the data and its application. The MSPS method in EPRI provides the improvements necessary to more appropriately study a dynamic system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 33–45, 2015
The gyri of the octopus vertical lobe have distinct neurochemical identities
Authors: Shigeno Shuichi , Ragsdale Clifton W.
Published: June 2015

The cephalopod vertical lobe is the largest learning and memory structure known in invertebrate nervous systems. It is part of the visual learning circuit of the central brain, which also includes the superior frontal and subvertical lobes. Despite the well‐established functional importance of this system, little is known about neuropil organization of these structures and there is to date no evidence that the five longitudinal gyri of the vertical lobe, perhaps the most distinctive morphological feature of the octopus brain, differ in their connections or molecular identities. We studied the histochemical organization of these structures in hatchling and adult Octopus bimaculoides brains with immunostaining for serotonin, octopus gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (oGNRH), and octopressin‐neurophysin (OP‐NP). Our major finding is that the five lobules forming the vertical lobe gyri have distinct neurochemical signatures. This is most prominent in the hatchling brain, where the median and mediolateral lobules are enriched in OP‐NP fibers, the lateral lobule is marked by oGNRH innervation, and serotonin immunostaining heavily labels the median and lateral lobules. A major source of input to the vertical lobe is the superior frontal lobe, which is dominated by a neuropil of interweaving fiber bundles. We have found that this neuropil also has an intrinsic neurochemical organization: it is partitioned into territories alternately enriched or impoverished in oGNRH‐containing fascicles. Our findings establish that the constituent lobes of the octopus superior frontal–vertical system have an intricate internal anatomy, one likely to reflect the presence of functional subsystems within cephalopod learning circuitry. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1297–1317, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neocortical neuronal morphology in the newborn giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Jacobs Bob , Lee Laura , Schall Matthew , Raghanti Mary Ann , Lewandowski Albert H. , Kottwitz Jack J. , Roberts John F. , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C.
Published: June 2015

Although neocortical neuronal morphology has been documented in the adult giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana), no research has explored the cortical architecture in newborns of these species. To this end, the current study examined the morphology of neurons from several cortical areas in the newborn giraffe and elephant. After cortical neurons were stained with a modified Golgi technique (N = 153), dendritic branching and spine distributions were analyzed by using computer‐assisted morphometry. The results showed that newborn elephant neurons were considerably larger in terms of all dendritic and spine measures than newborn giraffe neurons. Qualitatively, neurons in the newborns appeared morphologically comparable to those in their adult counterparts. Neurons in the newborn elephant differed considerably from those observed in other placental mammals, including the giraffe, particularly with regard to the morphology of spiny projection neurons. Projection neurons were observed in both species, with a much larger variety in the elephant (e.g., flattened pyramidal, nonpyramidal multipolar, and inverted pyramidal neurons). Although local circuit neurons (i.e., interneurons, neurogliaform, Cajal–Retzius neurons) resembled those observed in other eutherian mammals, these were usually spiny, which contrasts with their adult, aspiny equivalents. Newborn projection neurons were smaller than the adult equivalents in both species, but newborn interneurons were approximately the same size as their adult counterparts. Cortical neuromorphology in the newborn giraffe is thus generally consistent with what has been observed in other cetartiodactyls, whereas newborn and adult elephant morphology appears to deviate substantially from what is commonly observed in other placental mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:257–287, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AlF3 Surface‐Coated Li[Li0.2Ni0.17Co0.07Mn0.56]O2 Nanoparticles with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Shuwei , Yin Yanfeng , Wan Ning , Wu Qing , Zhang Xiaoping , Pan Du , Bai Ying , Lu Xia
Published: June 2015

Li‐rich layered cathode materials have already drawn considerable attention owing to their high capacity performance for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, layered Li‐rich Li[Li0.2Ni0.17Co0.07Mn0.56]O2 nanoparticles are surface‐modified with AlF3 through a facile chemical deposition method. The AlF3 surface layers have little impact on the structure of the material and act as buffers to prevent the direct contact of the electrode with the electrolyte; thus, they enhance the electrochemical performance significantly. The 3 wt % AlF3‐coated Li‐rich electrode exhibits the best cycling capability and has a considerably enhanced capacity retention of 83.1 % after 50 cycles. Moreover, the rate performance and thermal stability of the 3 wt % AlF3‐coated electrode are also clearly improved. Surface analysis indicates that the AlF3 coating layer can largely suppress the undesirable growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film and, therefore, stabilizes the structure upon cycling.
Screen‐Printing of ZnO Nanostructures from Sol–Gel Solutions for Their Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sarkar Kuhu , Braden Erik V. , Bonke Shannon A. , Bach Udo , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: June 2015

Diblock copolymers have been used in sol–gel synthesis to successfully tailor the nanoscale morphology of thin ZnO films. As the fabrication of several‐micron‐thick mesoporous films such as those required in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was difficult with this approach, we exploited the benefits of diblock‐copolymer‐directed synthesis that made it compatible with screen printing. The simple conversion of the diblock copolymer ZnO precursor sol to a screen‐printing paste was not possible as it resulted in poor film properties. To overcome this problem, an alternative route is proposed in which the diblock copolymer ZnO precursor sol is first blade coated and calcined, then converted to a screen‐printing paste. This allows the benefits of diblock‐copolymer‐directed particle formation to be compatible with printing methods. The morphologies of the ZnO nanostructures were studied by SEM and correlated with the current density–voltage characteristics.
Attract, retain a diverse faculty with strategies that work
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2015

Attracting and retaining a diverse faculty can be a challenge. But as the student population becomes increasingly diverse, it's more important than ever to meet that challenge.