bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal associations between appearance‐related social media consciousness and adolescents' depressive symptoms
Authors: Maheux Anne J. , Roberts Savannah R. , Nesi Jacqueline , Widman Laura , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Frequent social media use among adolescents is associated with depressive symptoms, though prior work has overwhelmingly used cross‐sectional designs and focused on “screen time.” Subjective social media experiences, such as the concern with one's physical appearance on social media, may be more relevant to adolescents' depressive symptoms than mere frequency of use. Appearance‐related social media consciousness (ASMC) is the preoccupation with one's physical attractiveness in social media photos and has been associated with depressive symptoms above and beyond frequency of social media use in prior cross‐sectional work.

Methods

In this brief report, we assessed this association longitudinally over 1 year within a diverse sample of highschool adolescents in the Southeastern US (n = 163, M age = 16.19; 55.8% girls; 44.8% White, 23.9% Black, 26.4% Hispanic/Latinx; 49.7% received free or reduced‐price lunch).

Results

Baseline ASMC was associated with higher depressive symptoms 1 year later, even when controlling for time spent on social media. Although girls reported higher levels of ASMC, associations were similar for adolescent boys and girls. No evidence was found that heightened depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with higher ASMC 1 year later.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the importance of physical appearance concerns on social media—above and beyond the frequency of use—in the development of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Implications for future research to examine the role of subjective social media experiences in adolescents' depressive symptoms are discussed.
Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures
Authors: Houghton Stephen , Kyron Michael , Hunter Simon C. , Lawrence David , Hattie John , Carroll Annemaree , Zadow Corinne
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Longitudinal research examining the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) school closures on the mental health of adolescents is scarce. Prolonged periods of physical and social isolation because of such restrictions may have impacted heavily on adolescents’ mental health and loneliness.

Methods

The current study addresses a major gap by examining the impact of school closures on the mental health and loneliness of 785, 10‐ to 17‐year‐old Western Australian adolescents (mean age = 14.1, SD = 1.31), who were surveyed across four time points: twice before COVID‐19, once as schools closed, and once post reopening of schools. Pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 changes in mental health and loneliness were compared using linear mixed models. Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) assessed temporal associations between loneliness, depression symptoms, and positive mental wellbeing.

Results

Compared with pre‐COVID‐19 symptom levels, there were significant increases in depression symptoms, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and a significant decrease in positive mental wellbeing at different points over time. Symptom change over time differed according to gender and pre‐COVID‐19 symptom severity. Significant increases in positive attitudes towards being alone and feelings of isolation occurred at different points over time. Gender differences were evident. RI‐CLPMs highlighted the predictive significance of friendship quality and having a negative attitude towards being alone over time in relation to depression symptoms. A positive or negative attitude towards being alone was predictive of positive mental wellbeing over time.

Conclusion

Findings provide evidence that COVID‐19‐related school closures adversely affected adolescents' mental health and feelings of loneliness.
Perceived parental warmth, emotional awareness, and positive adjustment profiles in Chinese and Italian early adolescents: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Lan Xiaoyu
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Although previous research has documented wide cross‐cultural variations in early adolescents'; adjustment problems, less is known about positive outcomes and their contextual and individual correlates among youth from societies emphasizing cultural values of independence/individualism and interdependence/collectivism. The current study used a person‐centered approach to explore positive adjustment profiles among Chinese (n = 115, 54.8% girls) and Italian (n = 115, 57.4% girls) early adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years, and examined whether perceived parental warmth and emotional awareness were independently or interactively associated with such profiles in the two cultural groups.

Methods

Participants completed self‐report measures of psychosocial adjustment and perceived parental warmth, and responded to a series of structured vignettes assessing emotional awareness.

Results

Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles: “academically competent,” “socially accepted,” and “well‐adapted.” Chinese adolescents were overrepresented in the academically competent and well‐adapted profiles, whilst Italian adolescents were overrepresented in the socially accepted profile. Results of multinomial regression analysis indicated that youth reporting higher parental warmth and more emotional awareness were more likely to be members of the well‐adapted profile. Furthermore, culturally specific associations were found. For instance, the positive link between parental warmth and the well‐adapted profile was significant at high levels of emotional awareness in the Chinese group, and at low‐to‐medium levels of this variable in the Italian group.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that youth's positive adjustment profiles reflect broader societal expectations and that the beneficial effect of parental warmth on such outcomes varies as a function of both emotional competence and cultural background.
Testing socioeconomic status and family socialization hypotheses of alcohol use in young people: A causal mediation analysis
Authors: Foxcroft David R. , Howcutt Sarah J. , Matley Fiona , Taylor Bunce Louise , Davies Emma L.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse may be mediated by family socialization practices. However, traditional mediation analysis using a product or difference method is susceptible to bias when assumptions are not addressed. We aimed to use a potential outcomes framework to assess assumptions of exposure‐mediator interaction and of no confounding of the results.

Method

We revisited a traditional mediation analysis with a multiple mediator causal mediation approach using data from 17,761 Norwegian young people (13–18 years), 51% female. Data were collected through a print questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was operationalized as parental education and employment status (employed or receiving welfare); drinking behavior as the frequency of alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication in the past year; and socialization practices as general parenting measures, alcohol‐related parental permissiveness, and parent drinking behavior.

Results

There was no consistent evidence of exposure‐mediator interaction. Formal sensitivity analysis of mediator‐outcome confounding was not possible in the multiple mediator model, and this analysis supported the hypothesis that socioeconomic status effects on adolescent substance abuse are fully mediated by family socialization practices, with apparently stronger effects in younger age groups observed in plots.

Conclusion

We found that the effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent substance abuse was fully mediated by family socialization practices. While our analysis provides more rigorous support for causal inferences than past work, we could not completely rule out the possibility of unmeasured confounding.
Study on the value of small dense low‐density lipoprotein in predicting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the high‐risk stroke population
Authors: Shi Hanlu , Guo Jianwei , Xu Ke , Zhang Fujie , Zhou Yonglie
Published: March 2022

Background

Lipid management in people at high risk of stroke is an important measurement to prevent the occurrence of stroke. The study aims to investigate the association between sdLDL and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in high‐risk stroke populations.

Methods

This was a prospective study. Screened from 15,933 individuals aged >40 years in April 2013 and followed up at 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th months, 823 participants met the screening criteria and were investigated for clinical data and biochemical parameters.

Results

A total of 286 subjects had varying degrees of carotid stenosis, and 18 subjects experienced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events during the two‐year follow‐up period. There was no positive correlation between sdLDL and carotid stenosis. Carotid stenosis and extent of carotid stenosis involvement did not predict cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with high‐risk stroke, while sdLDL did. The sdLDL level in the events group was significantly higher than those in the no event group (p = 0.002). In the events group, the risk of events in the fourth quartile of sdLDL was 10.136 times higher than in the first quartile (HR = 10.136, 95% CI: 1.298–79.180, p = 0.027).

Conclusions

sdLDL was positively correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which can predict the occurrence of an event and provide a scientific basis for early prevention.
Diagnostic failures in ovarian torsion during childhood: The effect of ovarian cyst size on the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Ulusoy Oktay , Karakuş Osman Zeki , Ateş Oğuz , Hakgüder Gülce , Olguner Mustafa , Akgür Feza Miraç
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography (US) in pediatric ovarian torsion (OT) and the effect of ovarian cyst size on the effectiveness of Doppler US in pediatric OT.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed of the data of 84 patients (4–17 years) operated with the preliminary diagnosis of OT from January 2007 to December 2019. Patients' demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings, operative management, histopathological results, and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results

OT was surgically confirmed in 53 (63%) patients. In 30 patients without ovarian cyst, Doppler US suggested OT in 16 out of 22 patients with surgically confirmed OT. In 12 patients with ovarian cysts <5 cm, Doppler US suggested OT in 7 out of 8 patients with surgically confirmed OT. In 42 patients with ovarian cysts ≥5 cm, Doppler US suggested OT in 13 out of 23 patients with surgically confirmed OT. Accuracy of Doppler US in these groups were found to be 73%, 83%, and 47%, respectively.

Conclusion

Gray scale and Doppler US have better performance in patients without ovarian cysts and with cysts smaller than 5 cm and help improve the diagnosis of OT. In patients with ovarian cyst ≥5 cm, accuracy of Doppler US is low. Thus, in the presence of ovarian cyst ≥5 cm and the clinical findings compatible with OT, laparoscopy must be strongly considered.
Withdrawn: Parenteral Nutrition in a GLUT1DS Patient Following Classic Ketogenic Diet: Ideal versus Real‐World Management in an Acute Surgical Setting
Authors: Varesio Costanza , Ferraris Cinzia , Gentilino Valerio , Brena Mario Leo , Farris Giorgio , Guglielmetti Monica , Marazzi Claudia , Pasca Ludovica
Published: March 2022

Withdrawal: C Varesio et al., Parenteral Nutrition in a GLUT1DS Patient Following Classic Ketogenic Diet: Ideal versus Real‐World Management in an Acute Surgical Setting, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2361).

The above article, published online on March 1st, 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Kelly A. Tappenden, PhD, RD, FASPEN, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The article was published as the result of an administrative error.
Association between enrollment in an enhanced recovery program for colorectal cancer surgery and long‐term recurrence and survival
Authors: Zorrilla‐Vaca Andres , Ripolles‐Melchor Javier , Abad‐Motos Ane , Mingu Inés Rubiera , Moreno‐Jurado Nekane , Martínez‐Durán Fátima , Pérez‐Martínez Isabel , Abad‐Gurumeta Alfredo , FuenMayor‐Varela María L. , Mena Gabriel E. , Grant Michael C.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs have been shown to minimize the surgical inflammatory response in colorectal cancer. Our objective was to determine the association between an ERAS program for colorectal cancer surgery and oncologic recurrence and survival.

Methods

A before‐after intervention study was designed, including patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between November 2010 and March 2016. Cox hazard regression analysis was performed per cumulative year of follow‐up to evaluate the association between ERAS program exposure and overall survival. Subgroup analysis was performed by cancer stage (low [I/II] vs. advanced [III/IV]).

Results

In total, 646 patients were included, of which 339 were pre‐ERAS and 307 were ERAS. Our overall median compliance rate with ERAS interventions was 90% (interquartile range: 85%–95%). Overall survival rates were higher in the ERAS group within the first 2 years after surgery (89.2% vs.  83.2%; p = 0.04). Multivariable analysis revealed that the ERAS enrollment was associated with a significantly lower risk in 5‐year oncologic recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.94; p = 0.03) and higher 3‐year survival (aHR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33–0.93; p = 0.03) among patients with advanced cancer stage compared to pre‐ERAS counterparts.

Conclusions

Patients with advanced colorectal cancer were less likely to suffer oncologic recurrence when managed during the ERAS period.
A separate assay of released and liposomal encapsulated eribulin in dog plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Mano Yuji
Published: March 2022

Eribulin has been used as a drug for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and liposomal formulation of eribulin is under development to achieve a wider therapeutic index. It is important to separately determine released and encapsulated drugs in systemic circulation for liposomal drugs. In this study, a separate assay method was developed for the determination of released and total (encapsulated + released) eribulin concentrations in dog plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The released eribulin in dog plasma was separated by ultrafiltration of plasma samples. Obtained plasma ultrafiltrate and untreated plasma samples recognized as released and total eribulin, respectively, were subjected to protein precipitation for extraction of eribulin. Eribulin was quantifiable from 0.1 ng/mL. Accuracy and precision of eribulin in both matrices were within ± 15 and 15%, respectively, indicating a robust assay. Released and total eribulin concentrations in plasma were determined after intravenous administration of the liposomal formulation of eribulin to dogs, resulting in minimal released eribulin in plasma. In conclusion, a robust method for released and total eribulin levels in dog plasma was developed and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in dogs to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles.
Multifunctional Virus Manipulation with Large‐Scale Arrays of All‐Dielectric Resonant Nanocavities
Authors: Shi Yuzhi , Wu Yongfeng , Chin Lip Ket , Li Zhenyu , Liu Jingquan , Chen Mu Ku , Wang Shubo , Zhang Yi , Liu Patricia Yang , Zhou Xiaohong , Cai Hong , Jin Wanzhen , Yu Yefeng , Yu Ruozhen , Huang Wei , Yap Peng Huat , Xiao Limin , Ser Wee , Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Lin Yu‐Tsung , Wu Pin Chieh , Liao Jiayan , Wang Fan , Chan C. T. , Kivshar Yuri , Tsai Din Ping , Liu Ai Qun
Published: March 2022

Spatial manipulation of a precise number of viruses for host cell infection is essential for the extensive studies of virus pathogenesis and evolution. Albeit optical tweezers have been advanced to the atomic level via optical cooling, it is still challenging to efficiently trap and manipulate arbitrary number of viruses in an aqueous environment, being restricted by insufficient strength of optical forces and a lack of multifunctional spatial manipulation techniques. Here, by employing the virus hopping and flexibility of moving the laser position, multifunctional virus manipulation with a large trapping area is demonstrated, enabling single or massive (a large quantity of) virus transporting, positioning, patterning, sorting, and concentrating. The enhanced optical forces are produced by the confinement of light in engineered arrays of nanocavities by fine tuning of the interference resonances, and this approach allows trapping and moving viruses down to 40 nm in size. The work paves the way to efficient and precise manipulation of either single or massive groups of viruses, opening a wide range of novel opportunities for virus pathogenesis and inhibitor development at the single‐virus level.
Piecewise barycentric interpolating functions for the numerical solution of Volterra integro‐differential equations
Authors: Torkaman Soraya , Heydari Mohammad , Barid Loghmani Ghasem
Published: March 2022

This investigation presents an effective numerical scheme using a new set of basis functions, namely, the piecewise barycentric interpolating functions, to find the approximate solution of Volterra integro‐differential equations (VIDEs). The operational matrices of integration and product for the PBIFs are provided. Then these operational matrices are utilized to reduce the VIDEs to a system of algebraic equations. Applying the Floater–Hormann weights, the convergence analysis of the PBIFs method is studied. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed method in acceptable computational times, and the results are compared with some existing numerical methods.
Impact of pixel value truncation on image quality of low dose chest CT
Authors: Hasegawa Akira , Ishihara Toshihiro , Pan Tinsu , Ropp Alan M. , Winkler Michael , Sneider Michael B.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

In some noisy low dose CT lung cancer screening images, we noticed that the CT density values of air were increased and the visibility of emphysema was distinctly decreased. By examining histograms of these images, we found that the CT density values were truncated at −1024 HU. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pixel value truncation on the visibility of emphysema using mathematical models.

Methods and materials

Assuming CT noise follows a normal distribution, we derived the relationship between the mean CT density value and the standard deviation (SD) when the pixel values below −1024 HU are truncated and replaced by −1024 HU. To validate our mathematical model, 20 untruncated phantom CT images were truncated by simulation, and the mean CT density values and SD of air in the images were measured and compared with the theoretical values. In addition, the mean CT density values and SD of air were measured in 100 cases of real clinical images obtained by GE, Siemens, and Philips scanners, respectively, and the agreement with the theoretical values was examined. Next, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between air (−1000 HU) and lung parenchyma (−850 HU) was derived from the mathematical model in the presence and absence of truncation as a measure of the visibility of emphysema. In addition, the radiation dose ratios required to obtain the same CNR in the case with and without truncation were also calculated.

Results

The mathematical model revealed that when the pixel values are truncated, the mean CT density values are proportional to the noise magnitude when the magnitude exceeds a certain level. The mean CT density values and SD measured in the images with pixel values truncated by simulation and in the real clinical images acquired by GE and Philips scanners agreed well with the theoretical values from our mathematical model. In the Siemens images, the measured and theoretical values agreed well when a portion of the truncated values were replaced by random values instead of simply replacing by −1024 HU. The CNR of air and lung parenchyma was lowered by truncating CT density values compared to that of no truncation. Furthermore, it was found that higher radiation dose was required to obtain the same CNR with truncation as without. As an example, when the noise SD was 60 HU, the radiation dose required for the GE and Philips truncation method was about 1.2 times higher than that without truncation, and that for the Siemens truncation method was about 1.4 times higher.

Conclusions

It was demonstrated mathematically that pixel value truncation causes a brightening of the mean CT density value and decreases the CNR of emphysema. Our results indicate that it is advisable to turn off truncation at −1024 HU, especially when scanning at low and ultra‐low radiation doses in the thorax.
Low risk for microbial contamination of syringe and tube feeding bag surfaces after multiple reuses with home blenderized tube feeding
Authors: Milton Debra , Murphy Brie , Johnson Teresa W. , Carter Holly , Spurlock Amy Y. , Hussey Jenna , Johnson Kelly
Published: March 2022

Background

Guidelines for the reuse of enteral tube feeding (ETF) equipment guidelines are limited to manufacturer recommendations. ETF equipment reuse studies are needed as the enteral population has increased, along with blenderized tube feeding (BTF).

Methods

This experiment tested microbial contamination of a reusable gravity feeding bag and syringe after 15 BTF reuses and cleanings. Eight bags and syringes were filled with the BTF, held at room temperature for 20 min, and then emptied, washed, and air dried. After the last air drying, the inner surfaces of the bag and syringe were swabbed, and aerobic microbial counts were performed using serial dilutions and plate counts.

Results

The microbial counts for all syringes and six bags were <1 colony‐forming unit (CFU)/cm2; one bag was <5 CFU/cm2 and one bag was 12.5 CFU/cm2. No legal guidelines for surface cleanliness exist for the food sector. Several studies propose a safe microbial level to be <2.5 CFU/cm2, and the European Commission recommended <10 CFU/cm2. Based on these proposed guidelines, microbial counts of all syringes and seven bags were within the proposed guidelines, except for one bag just above 10 CFU/cm2.

Conclusion

The feeding bag used in this study may be used multiple times for BTF with a reduced risk of microbial contamination when manufacturer's cleaning guidelines are followed. Although bolus tube feeding is an off‐label use for syringes, they are frequently used for BTF, and in this study the cleaning after 15 uses over 5 days was effective to reduce microbial counts.
Kaempferol exerts a neuroprotective effect to reduce neuropathic pain throughTLR4/NF‐ĸBsignaling pathway
Authors: Chang Shiquan , Li Xin , Zheng Yachun , Shi Huimei , Zhang Di , Jing Bei , Chen Zhenni , Qian Guoqiang , Zhao Guoping
Published: March 2022

Switching microglial polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype is a promising therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain (NP). Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Uncontrolled activation of TLR4 has been proven to trigger chronic inflammation. Kaempferol, a dietary flavonoid, is known to have anti‐inflammatory properties. This study is aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of kaempferol, which were explored with an NP model in vivo and LPS‐induced injury in microglial BV2 cells in vitro. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the sciatic nerve condition after chronic constriction injury surgery. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine whether TLR4/NF‐ĸB signaling pathway plays a major role in kaempferol‐mediated alleviation of neuroinflammation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used to examine the modulator effect of kaempferol on microglial M1/M2 polarization. We found that kaempferol treatment can significantly reduce NP and proinflammatory cytokine production. Kaempferol attenuated the activation of TLR4/NF‐κB pathways in LPS‐activated BV2 cells. The analgesic effects of kaempferol on NP may be due to inhibition of microglia activation and switching the M1 to M2 phenotype.
Effects of alpha lipoic acid on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive review
Authors: Najafi Nahid , Mehri Soghra , Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar Mahboobeh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: March 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease with medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Alpha‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) possesses various pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypotensive, and hypolipidemia actions. It exhibits reactive oxygen species scavenger properties against oxidation and age‐related inflammation and refines MetS components. Also, α‐LA activates the 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and inhibits the NFκb. It can decrease cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid β‐oxidation, and vascular stiffness. α‐LA decreases lipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, low‐density lipoprotein and very low‐density lipoprotein levels, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, α‐LA increases insulin secretion, glucose transport, and insulin sensitivity. These changes occur via PI3K/Akt activation. On the other hand, α‐LA treats central obesity by increasing adiponectin levels and mitochondrial biogenesis and can reduce food intake mainly by SIRT1 stimulation. In this review, the most relevant articles have been discussed to determine the effects of α‐LA on different components of MetS with a special focus on different molecular mechanisms behind these effects. This review exhibits the potential properties of α‐LA in managing MetS; however, high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of α‐LA.
Corilagin exhibits differential anticancer effects through the modulation of STAT3/5 and MAPKs in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Yang Min Hee , Baek Seung Ho , Hwang Sun Tae , Um Jae‐Young , Ahn Kwang Seok
Published: March 2022

Corilagin (CLG) is a hydrolyzable tannin and possesses various pharmacological activities. Here, we investigated the impact of CLG as an anti‐tumor agent against human gastric tumor cells. We observed that CLG could cause negative regulation of JAKs‐Src‐STAT3/5 signaling axis in SNU‐1 cells, but did not affect these pathways in SNU‐16 cells. Interestingly, CLG promoted the induction of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in only SNU‐16 cells, but not in the SNU‐1 cells. CLG exhibited apoptotic effects that caused an increased accumulation of the cells in sub‐G1 phase and caspase‐3 activation in both SNU‐1 and SNU‐16 cell lines. We also noticed that CLG and docetaxel co‐treatment could exhibit significantly enhanced apoptotic effects against SNU‐1 cells. Moreover, the combinations treatment of CLG and docetaxel markedly inhibited cell growth, phosphorylation of JAK‐Src‐STAT3 and induced substantial apoptosis. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of JNK, p38, and ERK substantially blocked CLG‐induced activation of MAPKs, cell viability, and apoptosis, thereby implicating the pivotal role of MAPKs in the observed anti‐cancer effects of CLG. Taken together, our data suggest that CLG could effectively block constitutive STAT3/5 activation in SNU‐1 cells but induce sustained MAPKs activation in SNU‐16 cells.
EDTA Modified Hollow Microporous Organic Nanospheres for Enhancing Adsorption of Metal Ions
Authors: Ni Shujing , Ge Qi , Yu Haitao , Zhang Li , Wu Wenjin , Song Chunmei , Huang Kun
Published: March 2022

In this study, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) modified hollow microporous organic nanospheres (EDTA‐HMONs‐BA) were prepared by a combination of one‐pot hyper‐crosslinking mediated self‐assembly using polylactide‐b‐polystyrene (PLA‐b‐PS) diblock copolymer and benzylamine (BA) monomers as precursors and subsequent post‐modification with EDTA. The obtained EDTA‐HMONs‐BA were characterized by FT‐IR, TEM, TGA, solid state 13C NMR, N2 adsorption‐desorption test et al. It revealed that the EDTA‐HMONs‐BA have a high specific surface area (226.86 m2 g−1), which exhibited excellent adsorption ability for Cu2+ ions (236 mg g−1) with adsorption characteristics of pseudo‐second‐order model and Langmuir isotherm equation. Moreover, the obtained adsorbent is of high stability after five consecutive cycles. Besides, EDTA‐HMONs‐BA also showed good adsorption capacities for hard acid metal ions (Cr3+), soft acid metal ions (Ag+, Cd2+), borderline acid metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). The above results indicated that the EDTA‐HMONs‐BA can be considered as potential adsorbents for the removal of heavy‐metal ions owing to the easily accessible adsorption sites and sufficiently good stability.
Magnetically Actuated Cell‐Robot System: Precise Control, Manipulation, and Multimode Conversion
Authors: Dai Yuguo , Jia Lina , Wang Luyao , Sun Hongyan , Ji Yiming , Wang Chutian , Song Li , Liang Shuzhang , Chen Dixiao , Feng Yanmin , Bai Xue , Zhang Deyuan , Arai Fumihito , Chen Huawei , Feng Lin
Published: March 2022

Border‐nearing microrobots with self‐propelling and navigating capabilities have promising applications in micromanipulation and bioengineering, because they can stimulate the surrounding fluid flow for object transportation. However, ensuring the biosafety of microrobots is a concurrent challenge in bioengineering applications. Here, macrophage template‐based microrobots (cell robots) that can be controlled individually or in chain‐like swarms are proposed, which can transport various objects. The cell robots are constructed using the phagocytic ability of macrophages to load nanomagnetic particles while maintaining their viability. The robots exhibit high position control accuracy and generate a flow field that can be used to transport microspheres and sperm when exposed to an external magnetic field near a wall. The cell robots can also form chain‐like swarms to transport a large object (more than 100 times the volume). This new insight into the manipulation of macrophage‐based cell robots provides a new concept by converting other biological cells into microrobots for micromanipulation in biomedical applications.
Hollow Cuprous Oxide@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanocapsules for Cascade Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Meng Xiangfu , Zhou Ke , Qian Yong , Liu Hongji , Wang Xingyu , Lin Yefeng , Shi Xinyi , Tian Yu , Lu Yijun , Chen Qianwang , Qian Junchao , Wang Hui
Published: March 2022

Cuprous‐based nanozymes have demonstrated great potential for cascade chemodynamic therapy (CDT) due to their higher catalytic efficiency and simple reaction conditions. Here, hollow cuprous oxide@nitrogen‐doped carbon (HCONC) dual‐shell structures are designed as nanozymes for CDT oncotherapy. This HCONC with a size distribution of 130 nm is synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method using cupric nitrate and dimethyl formamide as precursors. The thin‐layer carbon (1.88 nm) of HCONC enhances the water‐stability and reduces the systemic toxicity of cuprous oxide nanocrystals. The dissolved Cu+ of HCONC in acid solution induces a Fenton‐like reaction and exhibits a fast reaction rate for catalyzing H2O2 into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Meanwhile, the formed Cu+ consumes oversaturated glutathione (GSH) to avoid its destruction of ROS at the intracellular level. In general, both cellular and animal experiments show that HCONC demonstrates excellent antitumor ability without causing significant systemic toxicity, which may present tremendous potential for clinical cancer therapy.
“Three‐in‐One” Strategy that Ensures V2O5·nH2O with Superior Zn2+ Storage by Simultaneous Protonated Polyaniline Intercalation and Encapsulation
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Zhao Yunfeng , Liu Yanyan , Jiang Hanmei , Huang Chi , Cui Miao , Hu Tao , Meng Changgong , Zhang Yifu
Published: March 2022

The structural engineering of vanadium oxides is considered as a research hotspot for enhancing their electrochemical performances applied to aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). In regard to the laggard Zn2+ transfer kinetic and fragile structure of V2O5·nH2O, herein, a feasible “three‐in‐one” strategy is adopted to design the structural engineering of V2O5·nH2O nanobelts through simultaneous protonated polyaniline intercalation and encapsulation (denoted as P‐VOH@P) to boost their Zn2+ storage. First, the enlarged interlayer pillared by polyaniline accelerates Zn2+ transfer speed and weakens electrostatic attraction between negative [VO] units and positive Zn2+. Second, polyaniline shell directly stabilizes the P‐VOH@P heterostructure. Third, the composition of protonated polyaniline not only improves the conductivity, but also contributes partial capacity though the reversible intrachain electronic migration. As expected, the Zn//P‐VOH@P cell exhibits specific capacities of 387 mAh g−1 with low‐mass‐loading cathode (2 mg cm−2) and 345 mAh g−1 with high‐mass‐loading cathode (5 mg cm−2) in coin cells and 360 mAh g−1 in pouch cells at 0.1 A g−1. Furthermore, the Zn//P‐VOH@P cell shows low capacity decay and good rate property. Herein, light is shed on a new strategy of engineering the vanadium oxide structure for postgeneration cathode material and paves a novel way to the advanced energy‐storage system.
Student and advisor gender identity in STEM doctoral programs: Examining longitudinal and mediating effects with latent growth models
Authors: Blaney Jennifer M. , Feldon David F. , Litson Kaylee
Published: March 2022

While previous research documents that women in STEM doctoral programs tend to fare better when their advisor shares their gender identity, this study provides new insights into the role of student–advisor gender identity congruence, relying on a longitudinal sample of doctoral students in biology and using structural equation and latent growth curve modeling. Findings show that advisor gender played an inconsistent and typically indirect role in predicting student outcomes. Further, all students, regardless of gender, tended to report higher quality advising when their advisor was a woman, pointing to potential gender inequities in advising expectations of faculty. Implications for research, theory, and practice are discussed.
Predictive value of Milan ultrasound criteria in ulcerative colitis: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Allocca Mariangela , Dell’Avalle Cecilia , Craviotto Vincenzo , Furfaro Federica , Zilli Alessandra , D’Amico Ferdinando , Bonovas Stefanos , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Fiorino Gionata , Danese Silvio
Published: March 2022

Background

Endoscopic healing is an established treatment target for ulcerative colitis (UC). We have recently validated the Milan ultrasound criteria (MUC) to assess endoscopic activity in UC; a MUC score > 6.2 is a valid cut‐off to discriminate endoscopic activity (Mayo endoscopic subscore > 1).

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of MUC on disease course in a prospective cohort of UC patients.

Methods

UC patients regardless of disease activity and current therapy, underwent colonoscopy and bowel ultrasound (US) at baseline in a blinded fashion. Correlations between baseline MUC and Mayo endoscopic subscore were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. UC‐related negative course (defined as the need for corticosteroids, or treatment escalation, or hospitalization, or need for colectomy: a composite outcome) over a median 20 months follow‐up, was investigated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis.

Results

98 UC patients were followed up for a median time of 1.6 years (IQR 0.9¬2.7). Milan ultrasound criteria and Mayo endoscopic subscore significantly correlated at baseline (ρ = 0.653; p < 0.001). 70 patients (71%) had negative disease course during the follow‐up period. Milan ultrasound criteria > 6.2 at baseline was statistically significantly associated with negative disease course (HR: 3.87, 95% CI: 2.25–6.64, p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analyses drawed a statistically significantly lower cumulative probability of treatment escalation, need of corticosteroids, hospitalization and colectomy, among patients who had MUC ≤ 6.2 at baseline as compared to patients with MUC > 6.2 (p < 0.05 for all outcomes).

Conclusion

we have demonstrated for the first time the value of bowel US and an US score in predicting disease course in UC. Milan ultrasound criteria, a validated US‐based score, predicts disease course in UC. Milan ultrasound criteria ≤ 6.2 may be the new treatment target to achieve to reduce the risk of worse outcomes.
Incidence and outcome of prenatal brain abnormality in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sileo F. G. , Curado J. , D'Antonio F. , Benlioglu C. , Khalil A.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the incidence of antenatally diagnosed brain injury in twin pregnancy complicated by twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and to quantify the perinatal mortality, morbidity and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome of these fetuses.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE,
ClinicalTrials.gov and The Cochrane Library databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting on brain abnormality diagnosed antenatally in twin pregnancies complicated by TTTS. The primary outcome was the incidence of prenatal brain abnormality. The secondary outcomes were intrauterine demise (IUD), neonatal death, termination of pregnancy (TOP) and long‐term morbidity. Outcomes were explored in the population of fetuses with antenatal diagnosis of brain abnormality. Subgroup analysis according to the type of treatment, gestational age, Quintero stage at diagnosis and/or treatment, and cotwin death was planned. Meta‐analysis of proportions was used to combine data and pooled proportions and their 95% CI were reported.

Results

Thirteen studies including 1573 cases of TTTS and 88 fetuses with an antenatal diagnosis of brain abnormality were included in the systematic review. The meta‐analysis included only studies reporting on brain abnormality in twin pregnancy complicated by TTTS cases and treated with laser surgery. Overall, brain injury occurred in 2.2% (52/2410) of fetuses (eight studies). Brain abnormality was reported in 1.03% and 0.82% of recipients and donors, respectively. The most common type of abnormality was ischemic lesions (30.4% (95% CI, 19.1–43.0%)), followed by destructive lesions (23.9% (95% CI, 13.7–35.9%)), ventriculomegaly (19.9% (95% CI, 10.6–31.3%)) and hemorrhagic lesions (15.3% (95% CI, 7.1–25.8%)). Spontaneous IUD occurred in 13.4% (95% CI, 5.1–24.8%) of fetuses, while TOP was chosen by parents in 53.5% (95% CI, 38.9–67.8%) cases. Neonatal death was reported by only three studies, with an incidence of 15.4% (95% CI, 2.8–35.4%). Finally, only two studies reported on composite morbidity, with an overall rate of the outcome of 20.4% (95% CI, 2.5–49.4%) and rates of 29.7% and 20.4% in the recipient and donor fetuses, respectively. Due to the small numbers, only composite morbidity was analyzed and no information on neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress syndrome or other long‐term outcomes, such as neurodevelopmental delay and cerebral palsy, could be retrieved reliably.

Conclusions

The overall incidence of antenatally diagnosed fetal brain abnormality in twin pregnancy complicated by TTTS treated with laser surgery is around 2% and is mainly ischemic in nature (30.4%). TOP was chosen by parents in more than half of cases (53.5%). No information could be retrieved on morbidity outcomes, highlighting the urgent need for long‐term follow‐up studies of these children. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Examining subsurface response to an extreme precipitation event using HYDRUS‐1D
Authors: Corona Claudia R. , Ge Shemin
Published: March 2022

North‐central Colorado experienced an extreme precipitation event (EPE) in September 2013, during which the equivalent of 80% of the region's annual average precipitation fell in a few days. Widespread flooding occurred above ground, but the short‐ and long‐term subsurface response remains unclear. The objective of the study is to better understand the dynamic subsurface response, namely how the water table and soil water storage responded to a large amount of infiltration in a short period of time and how the hydrologic properties of the subsurface influence the response. Better understanding of subsurface response to EPEs is expected to increase with the advent of more intense and frequent EPEs in the coming decades. A one‐dimensional subsurface flow model using HYDRUS‐1D, was built to simulate and examine infiltration of an EPE at a site in the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado. Model calibration was conducted with local field data to fit site observations over a 6‐yr period. A rapid water table depth response in field observations was observed, with the modeled subsurface storing water for 18 mo acting as a hydro‐buffer during recovery. To examine influence on model results, a sensitivity study of soil hydraulic parameters was conducted. The sensitivity study found that changes in n, an empirical parameter related to pore‐size distribution, most significantly affects water table depth. The implications are that one‐dimensional models may provide useful estimates of water table fluctuations and subsurface hydro‐buffer capacities in response to EPEs, which could be of use to regions preparing for EPE effect on water resources.
Introduction and Conceptual Framing—Transformation Literacy as a Future-Making Skill
Authors: Kuenkel Petra , Ragnarsdottir Kristin Vala
Published: March 2022

This chapter introduces the term transformation literacy as an urgently required skill for decision-makers and change agents. It suggests that transformation literacy is the knowledge and capacity of collectives of individual and institutional actors to steward sustainability transformations effectively together across institutions, societal sectors and nations. This includes the human capacity to collectively identify and shift dysfunctional patterns of societal and human-to-nature interaction at local and global scales. The chapter summarizes why transformation efforts are needed to not only achieve the vision of a sustainable world at all scales, but also to charter pathways towards regenerative civilizations. It briefly analyses the current failing systems and suggests that there is a need to build societal structures and institutional systems that have systems aliveness as its core value. It explores the role of future narratives of emergency, which currently dominate the discourse around the climate crisis, and narratives of emergence that are increasingly used in the niches of pioneering new approaches to regenerative civilizations. The chapter suggests to deepen knowledge and practice in the three levels of transformation literacy: mindset shifts, systems understandingand process competence. It concludes with an overview how these three levels of transformation literacy inform the three parts of the book.
Sustainable Community Transformation Process. The Role of Capacity Building in Sumba, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyowati Catharina Any , Nurhasana Renny
Published: March 2022

This chapter is about the role of capacity building of local NGOs in Sumba, a poor island in the Eastern part of Indonesia. It is part of a larger initiative referred to as Sumba Iconic Island (SII), which aimed to solve poverty problems, transforming unequal gender relations while at the same time mitigating climate change. This study traced what happened after six years after the project ended. It is done by exploring the project documentation and conducting interviews with Hivos staff and the alumni representatives. We find that it has improved nature, community wellbeing, women leadership, and more equal gender relations. We conclude that: (1) transformation is not a linear process; (2) the changes toward the vision are not direct but tortuous; (3) there are unintended consequences, which can be positively or negatively influence the initial goal, and (4) the capacity to analyze the situation, reflect, and create action is crucial in the transformation process.
Toward Transformation to a Well-Being Economy in an African Country: A Case Study from Namibia
Authors: Braby Justine , Mangundu Reinhold
Published: March 2022

In this chapter presents the results of various approaches used by a group of young Namibians to shift the society toward a well-being economy. They sought to find more appropriate measurements of success, and did this by conducting (a) a survey to measure progress, (b) different dialog processes to understand what a good quality of life actually means to citizens, (c) co-constructing community well-being from the bottom up, (d) communication, networking, and awareness to garner public support, and finally (e) attempting to influence high-level decision-making in government. The authors measured nine domains; of which, state of mind and perceived health were the only domains found to be sufficient. The domains community strength and sense of belonging were the lowest in the high-income area. The domains with the highest levels of dissatisfaction were good governance and political freedom. The process of co-constructing community well-being through a bottom-up approach had varying levels of success and was highly adaptive and flexible. The key findings were that the underlying components of well-being were trust (at all levels), a sense of belonging and healthy relationships, basic needs (home, food, water, sanitation, electricity), quality education (the kind that causes critical and systems thinking and develops creative potential), quality work (that is demanding and rewarding), and good health.
Turning Mindshifts into Transformation Leadership
Authors: Bozesan Mariana
Published: March 2022

This chapter analyzes how mindshifts turn into transformation leadership. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated humanity’s collective ability to provide solutions to a disruptive threat in record time. It is this mindset and political will that are required to address the much bigger, existential threats including nuclear, climate change, unsafe AI, and unethical social engineering that is assaulting democracy. After introducing Wilber’s integral theory as an underlying map of consciousness, the author discusses some hidden truths of the current consciousness crisis and maintains that any transformation literacy, individual or collective, must go beyond exterior aspects of the world out-there to include interior, mindshifting factors of the world in-here. The author shares research performed on consciousness leaders and emphasizes (1) the complexity of the human psyche including the circumstances that enable, facilitate, and accelerate societal polarization; (2) the underlying dynamics facilitating broken information ecologies; (3) the major aspects leading to individual and collective mindshifts; (4) how the human capacity can be enticed to cooperate toward addressing current existential threats; (5) how to uncover cognitive, emotional, moral, and other biases that twist our picture of reality; and (6) how to learn to separate the truth signals from the fake noise.