bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Music
Authors: Demers Joanna
Published: December 2020

This essay contends that the primary philosophical question posed by electronic music has been one of ontology. Musicians and listeners derive theories about electronic music and its ontology, rendering electronic music an especially self-reflexive art form. Philosophical and aesthetic treatments have attempted to identify that which distinguishes electronic from non-electronic music. It argues that the philosophy of electronic music needs to be updated to reflect new realities in electronic music as well as music at large. Examples drawn from drone music, Scott Walker and Sunn O))), and psychedelic rock group Acid Mothers Temple demonstrate that the distinctions between electronic music and non-electronic music have been blurred, if not effaced altogether. In this new soundscape, the updated ontological questions will have to do with listening, history, and genre.
Jazz
Authors: Hagberg Garry L.
Published: December 2020

This chapter examines the practices that define jazz as an art form, including its rhythmic character, its harmonic language, and its distinctive approach to melody. Issues of swing, of the creativity of jazz that is found within its harmonic realization and chord voicings, and of the character of melodic invention in jazz are all considered. The nature of improvisation as a form of pathfinding is also discussed, with particular foci including ethical issues in performance and the artistic obligations under which jazz players perform, group attention and the way attention is distributed across players, jazz as a representational art and the ways we can see representational content within it, the special way that collective intention and distributed creativity work within an improvising ensemble, and relations between jazz and another great American contribution, philosophical Pragmatism.
Opera
Authors: Fend Michael
Published: December 2020

This chapter aims to combat common philosophical and aesthetic reservations against opera by investigating opera’s potential for gaining insight into subjectivity, understood as a way of living reflexively. First, it shows that operatic heroes and heroines in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries rarely succeeded in self-determination and self-realization against superior powers, often residing in themselves. Second, it demonstrates that Rousseau’s and Diderot’s advocacy for increasing operatic expressiveness left audiences little time for reflection, once composers put it into practice. Third, it reconstructs Wagner’s endeavour to provide his operatic-political Gesamtkunstwerk with Schopenhauerian metaphysical meaning and investigates its demolition by Nietzsche, for whom Bizet’s Carmen became the source of absolute knowledge about the emotional self. Fourth, the chapter engages with theories of emotion from analytic philosophy as they relate to opera. In conclusion, it promotes the cultural value of opera in a near-valueless society, while arguing against the endowment of some canonical operas with metaphysical importance.
Evolution
Authors: Davies Stephen
Published: December 2020

Making or listening to music is pan-cultural, nearly universal, and highly valued. Musical behaviours probably appeared between 500,000 and 60,000 years ago. The more recent date captures the era when Homo sapiens spread globally from Africa. The older date corresponds with a time when song might have produced individual or social benefits and the physiological and cognitive conditions for its production were present (in our predecessor, Homo heidelbergensis). Music is so multifunctional, however, that it is not clear if it was an evolutionary adaptation (as opposed to a by-product or non-biological technology) or, if so, what it was an adaptation for. This chapter examines these issues with a particular focus on questions of musicality, fitness, language, and sound processing.
Gender
Authors: Harper-Scott J. P. E.
Published: December 2020

This chapter introduces musicological and philosophical treatments of gender, and their relation to broader critiques of ideology. After introducing the ways that different musicological traditions have examined gender in relation to music, it clarifies the political quality of different philosophical approaches to the question of gender in music. It closes by offering a reconsideration of the role of the musical canon, and its central figure Beethoven, in shaping understandings of music and gender.
The Ineffable (and Beyond)
Authors: Abbate Carolyn , Gallope Michael
Published: December 2020

Ineffability marks an intellectually productive, technologically mediated, and socially meaningful encounter with the experiential impact of musical sound. Repositioning ineffability in this way contests, in strong terms, previous scholarship associating ineffability with conservative conceptions of absolute music or prohibitions on speaking. In support of our argument, we foreground key elements of Vladimir Jankélévitch’s writings on improvisation and musical technique and stage a critique of Theodor Adorno’s treatment of the ineffable as needlessly attached to metaphors of language. We conclude by contending that this broadened conception of music’s ineffability may open a path towards a more inclusive musical aesthetics, one that is unmoored from normative conceptions of musical language, that is modest about music’s ability to enact scholarly ideals for political resistance, and that embraces the many ways music elicits vernacular forms of wisdom and speculation.
Space
Authors: Kania Andrew
Published: December 2020

This chapter investigates a variety of ways in which music might be thought to be essentially spatial in relatively literal ways. It begins by considering whether certain spaces or spatial features are essential to musical works or performances. These include the space of a work’s composition, performance spaces for which a work is composed or within which it is performed, and the spatial disposition of performers (e.g., off-stage instruments). It then considers spaces “within” music, paying special attention to the notion of “pitch space”—the space in which we experience musical tones as higher or lower than one another and melodic lines as moving.
Enchantment
Authors: Burnham Scott , Graham Gordon
Published: December 2020

In this essay, a philosopher (Graham) and a music analyst (Burnham) explore the nature of music’s power to enchant. Graham establishes this enchantment as the result of a desirable relocation into an alternative sonic world that nevertheless shares important features with the everyday material world. The huge range of descriptive language that music is able to sustain, including temporal and spatial terms, reveals the tangential relationship of music to the world of everyday experience, while more specifically musical terms (for example, cadenza) show that music operates as a truly different world. Burnham elaborates on the emotional rewards of relocation into the world of music by describing our investment in two specific musical worlds, a brief Chopin piano prelude and Barber’s Adagio for Strings. We are eager to be put under the spell of such pieces because relocations into the enchanted worlds of music ultimately anchor and enhance our sense of self.
Perception
Authors: Peacocke Christopher
Published: December 2020

This chapter argues that the perception of music involves more than the syntactic and other relations recognized in most music theory. More precisely, the perception of music involves hearing features of the music metaphorically-as mental states and other states of affairs. It also involves hearing the musical event as an action. There are many examples of the aesthetic exploitation by composers of the capacity for perception of various relational properties of these general kinds. There are also differences and similarities between music and poetry, for which there is an account in the presented framework. The account also explains the possibility of music communicating new and unnamed emotions. The perception of relational properties is equally crucial in articulating the distinctive features of live performance. Music also contrasts with other art forms, in that the perception of relational properties, unlike literature, depiction or dance, is almost the only resource available to the composer. This makes the perception of relational properties of music uniquely significant for this art form.
The Middle Ages
Authors: Leach Elizabeth Eva
Published: December 2020

This chapter outlines some of the varied relationships between music and philosophy in the Middle Ages. As one of the disciplines of the mathematical quadrivium, musica concerns issues of acoustics but the notation and ontology of music additionally relate to grammar, logic, and rhetoric. Furthermore, music is related to the boundaries between human and non-human animals and overlaps with, while not being completely subsumed by, sonic practices. Medieval music was also implicated in writings on ethics, which give evidence of music’s role in gendered and political identity formation. Finally, the chapter considers what sort of knowledge musical knowledge was in the Middle Ages and why modern thinking might struggle with various aspects of music’s relation to philosophy in this period.
The Early Modern Period
Authors: Smith Bruce R.
Published: December 2020

A viola da gamba made by John Rose in London c.1600 offers a focal point for setting in place five distinct frames for thinking about music in the early modern period: (1) ontology, (2) metaphysics, (3) physics, (4) rhetoric, and (5) ethics. Aristotle’s Categories provided early modern thinkers with a model for regarding Rose’s viol ontologically, as a physical object that could be used in certain ways for certain purposes. The metaphysics of a viol consisted in its being a stringed instrument capable of sounding out the ratios of cosmic harmony. Scientific attention turned to the physics of a viol and the vibrations it produced. Rhetoric as codified in the writings of Cicero and Quintilian was the usual model for investigating the emotional effects of music. Ethical considerations of music made social and moral distinctions among kinds of instruments, the people who played them, and social circumstances of performance and reception.
Comparative Multi-Omics of Tender Shoots from a Novel Evergrowing Tea Cultivar Provide Insight into the Winter Adaptation Mechanism
Authors: Dai Zhangyan , Huang Hualin , Zhang Qunjie , Bei Jinlong , Chen Zhongjian , Liu Qinjian , Gao Jiadong , Zhang Sheng , Liu Jun
Published: December 2020

Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) tree is a perennial plant in which winter dormancy is an important biological adaptation to environmental changes. We discovered and reported a novel tea tree cultivar that can generate tender shoots in winter several years ago, but the molecular mechanism for this unique phenotype remains unknown . Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics along with phytohormone quantitation between the winter and spring tender shoots to investigate the physiological basis and putative regulatory mechanisms of its evergrowing character during winter. Our multi-omics study has led to the following findings. Gibberellin (GA) levels and key enzymes for GA biosynthesis and the signal transduction pathway were increased in the winter shoots, causing the ABA/GA content ratio to decrease, which might play a key regulatory role in maintaining normal growth during winter. The abundance of proteins, genes and metabolites involved in energy metabolism was all increased in winter shoots, indicating that energy is critical for continuous growth under the relatively weak-light and low-temperature environment. Abiotic resistance-related proteins and free amino acids were also increased in abundance in the winter shoots, which possibly represents an adaptation response to winter conditions. These results allowed us to hypothesize a novel molecular mechanism of adaptation for this unique tender shoot evergrowing in winter.
Imbalanced MMP-3 and MMP-12 serum levels in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy and a distinctive MRI pattern
Authors: Piga Matteo , Congia Mattia , Balestrieri Antonella , Angioni Maria Maddalena , Cangemi Ignazio , Cau Riccardo , Chessa Elisabetta , Floris Alberto , Figus Fabiana , Iagnocco Annamaria , Cauli Alberto , Saba Luca
Published: December 2020

Objective

Metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-12 are proteolytic enzymes especially implicated in joint inflammation. This study aims to evaluate their association with arthritis features and hand MRI abnormalities in patients with SLE.

Methods

Fifty SLE patients, with a mean (s.d.) age of 48.1 (14.6) years were tested for MMP-3 and MMP-12 serum levels, then further classified according to the presence of X-ray erosions and joint deformities. Eighteen RA patients aged 47.9 (11.8) and 14 healthy people aged 46.0 (11.0) were enrolled as control groups. A subgroup of 28 SLE patients underwent a dominant-hand MRI; the detected changes were classified and semi-quantitatively scored as capsular swelling, synovitis, edematous or proliferative tenosynovitis, bone oedema, bone erosions. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple regression models.

Results

MMP-3 were significantly higher in patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy (JA) (22.1 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and independently associated with hsCRP serum levels (B-coeff 0.50; r = 0.30; P < 0.05). MMP-12 serum levels were significantly lower in patients with JA (0.18 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and inversely associated with the prednisone daily dose (B-coeff –0.03; r = −0.44; P < 0.01). Capsular swelling and edematous tenosynovitis, the most prevalent hand MRI changes in patients with JA, associated with higher MMP-3 (B-coeff 0.12; r = 0.66; P < 0.01 and B-coeff 0.08; r = 0.59; P < 0.01, respectively) and lower MMP-12 serum levels (B-coeff –7.4; r = −0.50; P < 0.05 and B-coeff –5.2; r = −0.44; P = 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion

Imbalanced MMP-3 and MMP-12 serum levels are influenced by inflammation and glucocorticoids in SLE patients and associated with JA and distinctive hand MRI changes.
The Time Course of Face Representations during Perception and Working Memory Maintenance
Authors: Bae Gi-Yeul
Published: December 2020

Successful social communication requires accurate perception and maintenance of invariant (face identity) and variant (facial expression) aspects of faces. While numerous studies investigated how face identity and expression information is extracted from faces during perception, less is known about the temporal aspects of the face information during perception and working memory (WM) maintenance. To investigate how face identity and expression information evolve over time, I recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while participants were performing a face WM task where they remembered a face image and reported either the identity or the expression of the face image after a short delay. Using multivariate event-related potential (ERP) decoding analyses, I found that the two types of information exhibited dissociable temporal dynamics: Although face identity was decoded better than facial expression during perception, facial expression was decoded better than face identity during WM maintenance. Follow-up analyses suggested that this temporal dissociation was driven by differential maintenance mechanisms: Face identity information was maintained in a more “activity-silent” manner compared to facial expression information, presumably because invariant face information does not need to be actively tracked in the task. Together, these results provide important insights into the temporal evolution of face information during perception and WM maintenance.
High-Impact Practices in a Care of the Older Adult Nursing Course
Authors: Zori Susan A. , Heydemann Beth A.
Published: December 2020

Active teaching strategies utilizing high-impact practices to encourage integration of learned material and creative thinking were incorporated into a “care of the older adult” course in a baccalaureate nursing program. The “Shark Tank” assignment requires small groups of students to develop and present an innovation that improves the quality of life for older adults; the class peer reviews the project using a rubric. The “brown bag” assignment requires students to meet with an older adult in their home to conduct a medication reconciliation and teaching session. Both assignments received positive feedback from students in anonymous course evaluations.
Low Uptake of Secure Messaging Among Veterans With Experiences of Homelessness and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Jones Audrey L. , Gelberg Lillian , deRussy Aerin J. , Varley Allyson L. , Riggs Kevin R. , Gordon Adam J. , Kertesz Stefan G.
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Persons who are homeless have significant health challenges and barriers accessing care. Secure messaging supports communication between patients and their providers through a web-based portal, but the acceptability of this technology among patients with high prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) is unknown. We examined secure messaging use among veterans with experiences of homelessness (VEHs), and determined factors associated with messaging use.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of responses to a national survey of VEHs, administered by mail from March to October 2018 (response rate = 40.2%). One item assessed secure messaging use and satisfaction. We used multivariable logistic regressions to model secure messaging use, controlling for sociodemographics, medical conditions, housing indicators, and mental health and SUD diagnoses.

Results:

Of 5072 VEHs, 21% had ever used secure messaging and 87% of the subsample found messaging to be useful. Secure messaging was more commonly used by VEHs who were female, had some college education, those with ≥3 chronic medical conditions, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder (all P < 0.001). Messaging was much less common for VEHs ages 55 to 64 or older, non-Latino Blacks, those receiving homeless-tailored primary care, and those with SUDs (all P < 0.001). VEHs with opioid use disorder were even less likely than those with other SUDs to use secure messaging (P = 0.047).

Conclusions:

Persons with homeless experiences might require assistance to engage with secure messaging technology. As health systems limit in-person care during a national pandemic, alternative solutions may be needed to facilitate health communications and prevent care disruptions for patients experiencing homelessness and SUDs.
COVID-19 Social Distancing and Online Mutual Help Engagement for Alcohol Use Recovery
Authors: Colditz Jason B. , Rothenberger Scott D. , Liebschutz Jane M. , Rollman Bruce L. , Kraemer Kevin L.
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

COVID-19 and associated social distancing has presented challenges for individuals engaging in face-to-face mutual help groups (MHGs) such as Alcoholics Anonymous for alcohol use recovery. Online MHGs may be particularly appealing to individuals with limited access or inclination to attend in-person MHGs. We examined engagement within the popular “StopDrinking” online MHG, hypothesizing that engagement would increase due to demand for virtual peer support as COVID-19 social distancing progressed.

Methods:

We collected publicly available engagement data for StopDrinking from February 19, 2018 through April 30, 2020 while considering March and April of 2020 as months initially impacted by voluntary or mandated COVID-19 social distancing. Using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models, we predicted daily engagement for this social distancing time period based on all available engagement data collected before April 2020. Kalman filtering with 95% prediction limits was employed to define significant thresholds for observed data to reside within.

Results:

All days of observed engagement in March and April 2020 were lower than corresponding predicted values. Observed engagement fell below the lower 95% prediction limit for 36% of days, with 15 days in March and 7 days in April having significantly lower than predicted engagement.

Conclusions:

Relatively low activity on StopDrinking may signal broader population trends of problematic alcohol use and recovery disengagement during the initial COVID-19 social distancing timeframe. Continued investigation of online MHGs is needed to understand their potential for monitoring population health trends and to understand how such groups might support alcohol use recovery in contexts of crisis and isolation.
Cannabis Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada: A Repeated Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Imtiaz Sameer , Wells Samantha , Rehm Jürgen , Hamilton Hayley A. , Nigatu Yeshambel T. , Wickens Christine M. , Jankowicz Damian , Elton-Marshall Tara
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

In the context of the ongoing coronavirus disease pandemic in Canada, we aimed to (1) characterize trends in cannabis use in the overall population; and (2) characterize patterns of and identify risk characteristics associated with an increase in cannabis use among those who used cannabis.

Methods:

Data were obtained from three waves of an online, repeated cross-sectional survey of adults residing in Canada (May 08–June 23, 2020; N = 3012). Trends were assessed using Cochran-Armitage and chi-square tests, and risk characteristics were identified using logistic regression analyses.

Results:

Cannabis use in the overall population remained stable during the months of May and June. Among those who used cannabis, about half increased their cannabis use compared to before the start of the pandemic. This proportion of an increase in cannabis use among those who used cannabis remained consistent across the survey waves. Risk characteristics associated with higher odds of an increase in cannabis use included residence in the central region (Odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals: 1.93, 1.03–3.62), being 18 to 29 years old (2.61, 1.32–5.17) or 30 to 49 years old (1.85, 1.07–3.19), having less than college or university education (1.86, 1.13–3.06) and being somewhat worried about the pandemic's impact on personal finances (1.73, 1.00–3.00).

Conclusions:

A large proportion of those who used cannabis have increased cannabis use during the pandemic, suggesting a need for interventions to limit increased cannabis use, policy measures to address cannabis-attributable harms, and continued monitoring of cannabis use during and after the pandemic.
Preoperative 3D Modeling and Printing for Guiding Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Shelton Trevor J. , Monazzam Shafagh , Calafi Arash , Leshikar Holly B. , Haus Brian M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Achieving adequate acetabular correction in multiple planes is essential to the success of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing has the potential to improve preoperative planning by accurately guiding intraoperative correction. The authors therefore asked the following questions: (1) For a patient undergoing a PAO, does use of 3D modeling with intraoperative 3D-printed models create a reproducible surgical plan to obtain predetermined parameters of correction including lateral center edge angle (LCEA), anterior center edge angle (ACEA), Tonnis angle, and femoral head extrusion index (FHEI)? and (2) Can 3D computer modeling accurately predict when a normalized FHEI can be achieved without the need for a concomitant femoral-sided osteotomy?

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on 42 consecutive patients that underwent a PAO. 3D modeling software was utilized to simulate a PAO in order to achieve normal LCEA, ACEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI. If adequate FHEI was not achieved, a femoral osteotomy was simulated. 3D models were printed as intraoperative guides. Preoperative, simulated and postoperative radiographic ACEA, LCEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI were measured and compared statistically.

Results:

A total of 40 patients had a traditional PAO, and 2 had an anteverting-PAO. The simulated LCEA, ACEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI were within a median difference of 3 degrees, 1 degrees, 1 degrees, and 0% of postoperative values, respectively, and showed no statistical difference. Of those that had a traditional PAO, all 34 patients were correctly predicted to need a traditional acetabular-sided correction alone and the other 6 were correctly predicted to need a concomitant femoral osteotomy for a correct prediction in 100% of patients.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that for PAO surgery, 3D modeling and printing allow the surgeon to accurately create a reproducible surgical plan to obtain predetermined postoperative hip coverage parameters. This new technology has the potential to improve preoperative/intraoperative decision making for hip dysplasia and other complex disorders of the hip.
Novel response to neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy for a patient with retrocaval melanotic schwannoma
Authors: Vining Charles C. , Hsu Phillip J. , Miller Aaron , Olson Daniel J. , Gajewski Thomas F. , Pytel Peter , Bauer Bruce S. , Millis Michael J. , Roggin Kevin K.
Published: December 2020

Melanotic schwannoma is a rare nerve sheath tumor composed of melanin-producing Schwann cells with the potential for metastasis. These tumors can be associated with familial tumor syndromes and can cause significant symptoms related to nerve compression and mass effect. Due to the rarity of these lesions, they can be initially misidentified as melanocytomas, pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, neurofibromas or malignant melanomas. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment with limited benefit from adjuvant systemic chemotherapy or radiation. Modern treatments with immune checkpoint blockade have demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival for a variety of cancer histologies; however, anti-PD1 therapy has yet to be evaluated in patients with melanotic schwannoma. This report demonstrates a significant improvement in symptomatology and tumor stability with neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy for a retrocaval melanotic schwannoma initially masquerading as malignant melanoma. This report demonstrates the potential benefit of a novel therapeutic option for patients with melanotic schwannoma.
INTRAVITREAL NEEDLE TECHNIQUE FOR INTRASCLERAL HAPTIC FIXATION OF POSTERIORLY DISLOCATED THREE-PIECE INTRAOCULAR LENSES
Authors: Erakgun Tansu
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Double-needle intrascleral haptic fixation (Yamane) technique is a minimally invasive method for posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) fixation in the setting of absent or inadequate capsule support. A modified intravitreal needle technique is herein described for the management of three piece IOLs which are dislocated into the vitreous cavity.

Methods:

In this technique, after completing pars plana vitrectomy, under the noncontact ophthalmomicroscope, the haptic of the dislocated IOL is docked directly in the vitreous cavity into a 27-G needle which is inserted through a transconjunctival tunneled scleral incision 2 mm. from the corneal limbus, and externalized from the conjunctiva and fixated sclerally.

Results:

The technique is described with a case report. A male patient of 65 years old who underwent a complicated cataract surgery was operated using this technique. No preoperative or postoperative complication was seen.

Conclusion:

In this technique, the dislocated IOL is not taken in the anterior segment before the scleral fixation. The haptics are threaded into the 27-G needle directly in the vitreous cavity during the vitrectomy. This is a short cut Yamane technique for posteriorly dislocated three-piece IOLs. This technique may shorten the surgical time and minimize surgical trauma in cases with posteriorly dislocated three-piece IOL.
Patient arm position during quantitative bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography acquisition can affect image quality and quantitative accuracy: a phantom study
Authors: Miyaji Noriaki , Miwa Kenta , Motegi Kazuki , Yamashita Kosuke , Terauchi Takashi , Onoguchi Masahisa
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The present study used a phantom to determine the effects of various arm positions on bone SPECT/computed tomography (CT) images and the optimal arm position to acquire good-quality and quantitatively accurate images.

Materials and methods

We designed a phantom study of five simulated arm positions that are assumed during SPECT image acquisition. All SPECT data were acquired during a total of 120 projections of 10 and 100 s/view over 360° in a non-circular mode and reconstructed using Flash 3D (Siemens Healthineers). We evaluated contrast (QH,17 mm), image noise (NB,17 mm), contrast-to-noise ratios (QNRs), and visual scores according to the guidelines for bone SPECT acquisition protocols published by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology. The SUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVpeak were calculated and quantitative errors were evaluated using the recovery coefficient (RC) and the root means square error (RMSE).

Results

The spatial resolution of SPECT images was better when the arms were down than raised with simulated shoulder disorders. Raised arms with shoulder disorders significantly increased the NB,17 mm and decreased the QH,17 mm, and the QNR in each image differed over a range from 2.2 to 5.2. The visual score was >1.5 with the arms down, raised normally, and raised with moderate shoulder disorders. The SUVmax and SUVpeak were overestimated compared with 100-min data for all images, whereas SUVmean was underestimated. Raised arms with a shoulder disorder decreased RCmax, and RCmean and RCpeak suppressed differences among arm positions. In addition, RMSE with the arms down and raised normally were close to that for 100-min data.

Conclusion

Bone SPECT images with good quality and quantitative accuracy can be acquired with patients holding their arms down by their sides. This will help patients with shoulder pain who have difficulties raising their arms.
Feasibility of subacute rehabilitation for mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 disease: a retrospective case series
Authors: Pancera Simone , Bianchi Luca N. C. , Porta Roberto , Galeri Silvia , Carrozza Maria Chiara , Villafañe Jorge H.
Published: December 2020

In this case series study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a subacute rehabilitation program for mechanically ventilated patients with severe consequences of COVID-19 infection. Data were retrospectively collected from seven males (age 37–61 years) who were referred for inpatient rehabilitation following the stay in the ICU (14–22 days). On admission, six patients were still supported by mechanical ventilation. All patients were first placed in isolation in a special COVID unit for 6–22 days. Patients attended 11–24 treatment sessions for the duration of rehabilitation stay (13–27 days), including 6–20 sessions in the COVID unit. The treatment included pulmonary and physical rehabilitation. The initially nonventilated patient was discharged prematurely due to gallbladder problems, whereas all six mechanically ventilated patients were successfully weaned off before transfer to a COVID-free unit where they stayed for 7–19 days. At discharge, all patients increased limb muscle strength and thigh circumference, reduced activity-related dyspnea, regained functional independence and reported better quality of life. Rehabilitation plays a vital role in the recovery of seriously ill post-COVID-19 patients. Facilities should develop and implement plans for providing multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatments in various settings to recover functioning and prevent the development of long-term consequences of the COVID-19 disease.
Inclusion of Effect Size Measures and Clinical Relevance in Research Papers
Authors: Davis Sara L. , Johnson Ann H. , Lynch Thuy , Gray Laura , Pryor Erica R. , Azuero Andres , Soistmann Heather C. , Phillips Shameka R. , Rice Marti
Published: December 2020

Background

There are multiple issues that arise when researchers focus on and only report “statistical significance” of study findings. An important element that is often not included in reports is a discussion of clinical relevance.

Objectives

The authors address issues related to significance, the use of effect sizes, confidence or credible intervals, and the inclusion of clinical relevance in reports of research findings.

Methods

Measures of magnitude, precision, and relevance such as effect sizes, confidence intervals (CIs), and clinically relevant effects are described in detail. In addition, recommendations for reporting and evaluating effect sizes and CIs are included. Example scenarios are presented to illustrate the interplay of statistical significance and clinical relevance.

Results

There are several issues that may arise when significance is the focus of clinical research reporting. One issue is the lack of attention to nonsignificant findings in published works although findings show clinical relevance. Another issue is that significance is interpreted as clinical relevance. As well, clinically relevant results from small-sample studies are often not considered for publication, and thus, findings might not be available for meta-analysis.

Discussion

Findings in research reports should address effect sizes and clinical relevance and significance. Failure to publish clinically relevant effects and CIs may preclude the inclusion of clinically relevant studies in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, thereby limiting the advancement of evidence-based practice. Several accessible resources for researchers to generate, report, and evaluate measures of magnitude, precision, and relevance are included in this article.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT in Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma—Exploring Theranostic Avenues!
Authors: Sakthivel Pirabu , Kumar Arunav , Arunraj Sreedharan Thankarajan , Thakur Kuldeep , Jaiswal Avinash Shekhar , Singh Chirom Amit , Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2020

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in the tumor-associated endothelial neovasculature of various nonprostatic benign and malignant neoplasms. A 25-year-old man with recurrent sinonasal glomangiopericytoma underwent whole-body 68Ga PSMA PET/CT to explore its theranostic role. There was intense PSMA uptake (SUVmax = 23.9) noted in the tumor. The uptake was more than that of the salivary glands, lacrimal glands, aorta, spleen, and the liver. Performance of PSMA PET/CT in sinonasal glomangiopericytoma opens up new frontiers concerning radiological imaging, early recurrence identification, and perhaps even radioligand therapy of residual/recurrent tumors.
Novel Experience in Hybrid Tracers
Authors: Manca Gianpiero , Garau Ludovico Maria , Mazzarri Sara , Mazzuca Laura , Muccioli Simona , Ghilli Matteo , Naccarato Giuseppe , Colletti Patrick M. , Rubello Domenico , Roncella Manuela , Volterrani Duccio , Desideri Ielizza
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The clinical introduction of a radioactive and fluorescent hybrid tracer allowed for preoperative lymphatic mapping and intraoperative real-time fluorescence tracing of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) by a single injection. The aim of this feasibility study is to evaluate the first-in-human use of the hybrid tracer by combining indocyanine green (ICG) and radiocolloid based on Nanotop compound (99mTc Nanotop) for SLN biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients.

Methods

The day before surgery, ICG-99mTc Nanotop was injected periareolarly in breast cancer patients scheduled for SLNB. Planar lymphoscintigraphic (PL) and SPECT/CT images were then acquired. An intraoperative optonuclear probe was used to detect SLN gamma and fluorescent signals. The harvested SLNs were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and patients were clinically evaluated 1 month after surgery.

Results

Twenty-one consecutive patients were enrolled. The PL and SPECT/CT techniques identified at least 1 SLN in all patients for a preoperative sentinel detection rate of 100%. SPECT/CT revealed 3 additional lymph nodes in the same nodal basin, which had not been visualized on conventional PL (κ = 0.747; P < 0.005). All 30 preoperative SLNs were localized and excised up to 16 hours after injection. The counts measured via gamma tracing showed a very strong correlation with those measured via near-infrared fluorescent tracing (P < 0.005, r = 0.964). No adverse reactions were observed.

Conclusions

The SLNB technique used with the ICG-99mTc Nanotop tracer resulted to be feasible, reliable, and safe. This hybrid compound allowed us to obtain excellent performance in terms of both preoperative lymphatic mapping and intraoperative SLN detection in breast cancer patients.
Technical Standards for Nursing Education Programs in the 21st Century
Authors: Ailey Sarah H. , Marks Beth
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The Institute of Medicine (2000, 2002) exposed serious safety problems in the health system and called for total qualitative system change. The Institute of Medicine (2011, 2015) also calls for improving the education of nurses to provide leadership for a redesigned health system. Intertwined with improving education is the need to recruit and retain diverse highly qualified students. Disability is part of diversity inclusion, but current technical standards (nonacademic requirements) for admission to many nursing programs are a barrier to the entry of persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation nurse leaders are in a unique position to improve disability diversity in nursing. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of disability diversity in nursing.

Design

The history of existing technical standards used in many nursing programs is reviewed along with examples.

Methods

On the basis of the concept that disability inclusion is a part of diversity inclusion, we propose a new model of technical standards for nursing education.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Rehabilitation nurse leaders can lead in eliminating barriers to persons with disabilities entering nursing.
Polymorphism in the MAGI2 Gene Modifies the Effect of Amyloid β on Neurodegeneration
Authors: Kim Hang-Rai , Lee Taeyeop , Choi Jung K. , Jeong Yong
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

A weak association between amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as brain atrophy, has been repeatedly reported in a subset of patients with Alzheimer disease, suggesting individual differences in response to Aβ deposition.

Methods:

Here, we performed a genome-wide interaction study to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that modify the effect of Aβ (measured by 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography) on brain atrophy (measured by cortical thickness using magnetic resonance imaging). We used magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid, and genetic data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database [discovery cohort, ADNI-GO/2 (n=723) and replication cohort, ADNI-1 (n=129)].

Results:

We identified a genome-wide suggestive interaction of rs3807779 SNP (β=−0.14, SE=0.029, P=9.08×10−7) in the discovery cohort. The greater dosage of rs3807779 SNP increased the detrimental effect of Aβ deposition on cortical thickness. In replication analyses, the congruent results were replicated to confirm our findings. Furthermore, rs3807779 SNP augmented the detrimental effect of Aβ deposition on cognitive function. Genetic profiling showed that rs3807779 has chromatin interactions with the promoter region of MAGI2 gene, suggesting its association with MAGI2 expression.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that subjects carrying the rs3807779 SNP are more susceptible to Aβ-related neurodegeneration.
Glutamate-induced modulation in energy metabolism contributes to protection of rat cortical slices against ischemia-induced damage
Authors: Gul Zulfiye , Buyukuysal R. Levent
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to neurodegeneration during cerebral ischemia. Recent studies in the protective effect of glutamate against ischemia and hypoxia have shown the need for questioning the role of glutamate in energy metabolism during ischemia. Current study investigates the effect of glutamate on energy substrate metabolites such as alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate release during control, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and reoxygenation (REO) conditions.

Methods

The effects of 0.5 and 2 mM glutamate on spontaneous alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate release were tested in vitro, on acute rat cortical slices. Alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate levels were determined by HPLC with UV detector.

Results

We observed that glutamate added into medium significantly increased alpha-ketogluarate release under control conditions. Although OGD and REO also had a glutamate-like effect, only REO-induced rise further enhanced by glutamate. In contrast to alpha-ketoglutarate, both OGD and REO conditions caused significant declines in pyruvate and lactate outputs. While OGD and REO-induced declines in pyruvate outputs were further potentiated, lactate output was not altered by glutamate added into the medium. Glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate, moreover, also ameliorated OGD- and REO-induced losses in 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining with a similar degree.

Conclusion

These results indicate that glutamate probably increases alpha-ketoglutarate production as an alternative energy source for use in the TCA cycle under energy-depleted conditions. Thus, increasing the alpha-ketoglutarate production may represent a new therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders, including cerebral ischemia.
Crystal structure determination of a lifelong biopersistent asbestos fibre using single-crystal synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction
Authors: Giacobbe Carlotta , Di Giuseppe Dario , Zoboli Alessandro , Lassinantti Gualtieri Magdalena , Bonasoni Paola , Moliterni Anna , Corriero Nicola , Altomare Angela , Wright Jonathan , Gualtieri Alessandro F.
Published: December 2020

The six natural silicates known as asbestos may induce fatal lung diseasesviainhalation, with a latency period of decades. The five amphibole asbestos species are assumed to be biopersistent in the lungs, and for this reason they are considered much more toxic than serpentine asbestos (chrysotile). Here, we refined the atomic structure of an amosite amphibole asbestos fibre that had remained in a human lung for ∼40 years, in order to verify the stabilityin vivo. The subject was originally exposed to a blend of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite, which remained in his parietal pleura for ∼40 years. We found a few relicts of chrysotile fibres that were amorphous and magnesium depleted. Amphibole fibres that were recovered were undamaged and suitable for synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction experiments. Our crystal structure refinement from a recovered amosite fibre demonstrates that the original atomic distribution in the crystal is intact and, consequently, that the atomic structure of amphibole asbestos fibres remains stable in the lungs for a lifetime; during which time they can cause chronic inflammation and other adverse effects that are responsible for carcinogenesis. The amosite fibres are not iron depleted proving that the iron pool for the formation of the asbestos bodies is biological (haemoglobin/plasma derived) and that it does not come from the asbestos fibres themselves.
GummeltversusLück decagon covering and beyond. Implications for decagonal quasicrystals
Authors: Steurer Walter
Published: December 2020

Specific structural repeat units can be used as quasi-unit cells of decagonal quasicrystals. So far, the most famous and almost exclusively employed one has been the Gummelt decagon. However, in an increasing number of cases Lück decagons have been found to be more appropriate without going into depth. The diversities and commonalities of these two basic decagonal clusters and of some more general ones are discussed. The importance of the type of underlying tiling for the correct classification of a quasi-unit cell is demonstrated.
Crystal and molecular structures of dichloridopalladium(II) containing 2-methyl- or 2-phenyl-8-(diphenyphosphanyl)quinoline
Authors: Mori Masatoshi , Namioka Atsushi , Suzuki Takayoshi
Published: December 2020

The crystal structures of dichloridopalladium(II) complexes bearing 2-methyl- and 2-phenyl-8-(diphenylphosphanyl)quinoline, namely, dichlorido[8-(diphenylphosphanyl)-2-methylquinoline-κ2
N,P]palladium(II), [PdCl2(C22H18NP)] (1) and dichlorido[8-(diphenylphosphanyl)-2-phenylquinoline-κ2
N,P]palladium(II), [PdCl2(C27H20NP)] (2), were analyzed and compared to that of the 8-(diphenylphosphanyl)quinoline (PQH) analogue (3). In all three complexes, the phosphanylquinoline moiety acts as a bidentate P,N-donating chelate ligand. In the PQH complex (3), the PdII center has a typical planar coordination environment; however, both the methyl- and phenyl-substituted phosphanylquinoline (PQMe and PQPh, respectively) complexes (1) and (2) exhibit a considerable tetrahedral distortion around the PdII center, as parameterized by the τ4 values of 0.1555 (4) and 0.1438 (4) for (1) and (2), respectively. The steric interaction from the substituted group introduced at the 2-position of the quinoline ring enforces the cis-positioned Cl ligand to be displaced from the ideal coordination plane. Also, the ideally planar phosphanylquinoline five-membered chelate ring shows a large bending deformation by the displacement of the PdII center from the quinoline plane. In addition, in the phenyl-substituted complex (3), the coordinating quinolyl and the substituted phenyl rings are not co-planar to each other, having a dihedral angle of 33.08 (7)°. This twist conformation prohibits any intermolecular π–π stacking interaction between the quinoline planes, which is observed in the crystals of complexes (1) and (2).
Corporate social responsibility and job seekers' application intention: a mediated moderation model of calling and value congruence
Authors: Choi Jinsoo , Park Yonguk , Sohn Young Woo
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study investigated how and when corporate social responsibility (CSR) fosters job seekers' application intention using a mediated moderation model. Specifically, the study explored the positive effect of CSR on job seekers' intention to apply, the moderating role of applicants' calling and the mediating role of value congruence in the relationship between the person and organization.

Design/methodology/approach

The study sample consisted of 259 college students in South Korea. A quasi-experimental design and survey were used. Data were analyzed using a regression-based path analysis to test a mediated moderation model.

Findings

The results showed that CSR significantly increased job seekers' application intention, which was moderated by their calling. Furthermore, the interaction between CSR and calling on application intention was fully mediated by the value congruence between person and organization.

Practical implications

The results suggest that engaging in active CSR can effectively attract job applicants, especially those with a high calling, who are known as qualified workers needed for the organization. The findings can provide a competitive advantage to organizations in this highly competitive environment.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of the micro-effect of CSR by showing the positive influence of CSR on job seekers' application intention. Further, by evaluating a mediated moderation model, this study advances the field's understanding of the underlying mechanisms of CSR, especially in terms of calling and value congruence.