bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-encoder variational autoencoder controls multiple transformational features in single-cell image analysis
Authors: Ternes Luke , Dane Mark , Gross Sean , Labrie Marilyne , Mills Gordon , Gray Joe , Heiser Laura , Chang Young Hwan
Published: March 2022

Image-based cell phenotyping relies on quantitative measurements as encoded representations of cells; however, defining suitable representations that capture complex imaging features is challenged by the lack of robust methods to segment cells, identify subcellular compartments, and extract relevant features. Variational autoencoder (VAE) approaches produce encouraging results by mapping an image to a representative descriptor, and outperform classical hand-crafted features for morphology, intensity, and texture at differentiating data. Although VAEs show promising results for capturing morphological and organizational features in tissue, single cell image analyses based on VAEs often fail to identify biologically informative features due to uninformative technical variation. Here we propose a multi-encoder VAE (ME-VAE) in single cell image analysis using transformed images as a self-supervised signal to extract transform-invariant biologically meaningful features, including emergent features not obvious from prior knowledge. We show that the proposed architecture improves analysis by making distinct cell populations more separable compared to traditional and recent extensions of VAE architectures and intensity measurements by enhancing phenotypic differences between cells and by improving correlations to other analytic modalities. Better feature extraction and image analysis methods enabled by the ME-VAE will advance our understanding of complex cell biology and enable discoveries previously hidden behind image complexity ultimately improving medical outcomes and drug discovery.
Foundry-fabricated grating coupler demultiplexer inverse-designed via fast integral methods
Authors: Sideris Constantine , Khachaturian Aroutin , White Alexander D. , Bruno Oscar P. , Hajimiri Ali
Published: March 2022

Silicon photonics is an emerging technology which, enabling nanoscale manipulation of light on chips, impacts areas as diverse as communications, computing, and sensing. Wavelength division multiplexing is commonly used to maximize throughput over a single optical channel by modulating multiple data streams on different wavelengths concurrently. Traditionally, wavelength (de)multiplexers are implemented as monolithic devices, separate from the grating coupler, used to couple light into the chip. This paper describes the design and measurement of a grating coupler demultiplexer—a single device which combines both light coupling and demultiplexing capabilities. The device was designed by means of a custom inverse design algorithm which leverages boundary integral Maxwell solvers of extremely rapid convergence as the mesh is refined. To the best of our knowledge, the fabricated device enjoys the lowest insertion loss reported for grating demultiplexers, small size, high splitting ratio, and low coupling-efficiency imbalance between ports, while meeting the fabricability constraints of a standard UV lithography process.
Magnetic alignment of injectable hydrogel scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Tran Kiet A. , Jin Ying , Bouyer Julien , DeOre Brandon J. , Suprewicz Łukasz , Figel Ana , Walens Hannah , Fischer Itzhak , Galie Peter A.
Published: March 2022

Injectable hydrogels for cell delivery have several advantages over pre-fabricated scaffolds that are more invasive, but cannot implement tunable topologies. Here, we align self-assembling peptide scaffolds post-injection with magnetic fields.
A purely ionic voltage effect soft triode
Authors: Mohamed Elalyaa , Josten Sabine , Marlow Frank
Published: March 2022

The construction of an ionic soft triode based on interfacial ion adsorption and redox oxidizer depletion is reported.
Crystal orientation-dependent etching and trapping in thermally-oxidised Cu2O photocathodes for water splitting
Authors: Niu Wenzhe , Moehl Thomas , Adams Pardis , Zhang Xi , Lefèvre Robin , Cruz Aluizio M. , Zeng Peng , Kunze Karsten , Yang Wooseok , Tilley S. David
Published: March 2022

Crystal orientation-dependent etching, charge-carrier trapping behaviour, and performance of single-crystal photocathodes are enabled by ammonia solution etching of thermally-oxidised Cu2O.
Searching for better X-ray and γ-ray photodetectors: structure–composition properties of the TlPb2Br5−xIx quaternary system
Authors: Piasecki M. , Parasyuk O. V. , Pavlyuk V. , Khyzhun O. Y. , Kityk I. V. , Myronchuk G. L. , Wojciechowski K. T. , Levkovets S. I. , Piskach L. V. , Fedorchuk A. O. , Fochuk P. M. , Wood V. , Yarema M.
Published: March 2022

We report a broad solid solution in the Tl–Pb–Br–I system, derived from a new quaternary compound TlPb2BrI4. This work offers an advanced material for stable and tunable X-ray and γ-ray photodetectors.
Polyoxometalate–polypeptide nanoassemblies as peroxidase surrogates with antibiofilm properties
Authors: Soria-Carrera Héctor , Atrián-Blasco Elena , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Mitchell Scott G. , Martín-Rapún Rafael
Published: March 2022

We present the self-assembly of POMlymers into nanoparticles and how the POM-peptide covalent bond is essential within these particles to display better catalytic and biological activity than the individual components.
Magneto-optical hyperthermia agents based on probiotic bacteria loaded with magnetic and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Garcés Víctor , González Ana , Gálvez Natividad , Delgado-López José M. , Calvino Jose J. , Trasobares Susana , Fernández-Afonso Yilian , Gutiérrez Lucía , Dominguez-Vera José M.
Published: March 2022

Maghemite and prism gold nanoparticles were incorporated onto a probiotic bacterium to produce heterobimetallic systems with adequate features to act as dual agents in magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapy.
Application of novel metal–organic framework [Zr-UiO-66-PDC-SO3H]FeCl4 in the synthesis of dihydrobenzo[g]pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives
Authors: Jalili Fatemeh , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Khazaei Ardeshir
Published: March 2022

We produce a new metal–organic framework, [Zr-UiO-66-PDC-SO3H]FeCl4, via an anion exchange method, and test its use as a porous catalyst.
Fabrication and characterization of a toughened spherical chitosan adsorbent only through physical crosslinking based on mechanism of Chain Rearrangement
Authors: Liu Cai-Hong , Jiang Hai-Tao , Wang Chun-Hong
Published: March 2022

Highly crystalline spherical chitosan ion exchange resins with numerous available functional groups and excellent mechanical performance can be produced on a large scale.
Nanoscale metal oxides–2D materials heterostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting—a review
Authors: Fareza Ananta R. , Nugroho Ferry Anggoro Ardy , Abdi Fatwa F. , Fauzia Vivi
Published: March 2022

This review comprehensively discusses the state-of-the-art of metal oxides/2D materials heterostructures as promising alternatives to harvest the renewable source of sunlight for improved photoelectrochemical water splitting performance.
New potential of boron-based COFs: the biocompatible COF-1 for reactive oxygen generation and antimicrobial applications
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Xu Xiaoqing , Liao Qiaobo , Wang Qiaomu , Han Qingwen , Chen Pengpeng , Xi Kai
Published: March 2022

COF-1 containing boroxine structure can produce a variety of reactive oxygen species in the light condition and can be used in photocatalytic sterilization.
Migratory insertion of copper-allenylidene from propargyl ester
Authors: Yao Qinglin , Liu Boxiang , Cao Tongxiang , Zhu Shifa
Published: March 2022

The highly efficient homo-dimerization and cross-coupling of propargyl esters via migratory insertion of the copper-allenylidenes have been developed to give various 1-en-3,5-diynes, [5]cumulenes and 1,3-diynes with moderate to excellent yields.
Fac-to-mer isomerization triggers hydride transfer from Mn(i) complex fac-[(dppm)Mn(CO)3H]
Authors: Osipova Elena S. , Gulyaeva Ekaterina S. , Kireev Nikolay V. , Kovalenko Sergey A. , Bijani Christian , Canac Yves , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Filippov Oleg A. , Belkova Natalia V. , Shubina Elena S.
Published: March 2022

Spectroscopic and theoretical studies revealed the crucial role of elusive Mn(i) meridional species in hydride transfer being potentially relevant for Mn-catalyzed hydrogenation-type processes.
One-dimensional MOF-derived magnetic composites for efficient microwave absorption at ultralow thickness through controllable hydrogen reduction
Authors: Liu Wei , Duan Pengtao , Ding Yue , Zhang Bowei , Su Hailin , Zhang Xuebin , Wang Jinzhi , Zou Zhongqiu
Published: March 2022

One-dimensional chain-like Fe3O4/C composites possess good microwave absorbing performance at an ultralow thickness of 1.2 mm, owing to high and appropriate permittivity and permeability.
Polydopamine stabilizes silver nanoparticles as a SERS substrate for efficient detection of myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Ding , Bao Liping , Li Huijun , Guo Xiaoyu , Liu Weizhuo , Wang Xianying , Hou Xumin , He Bin
Published: March 2022

A biosensor based on PDA@Ag shows high sensitivity, excellent specificity and low detection limit for SERS detection of myocardial infarction.
One-pot synthesis of dihydroquinolones by sequential reactions ofo-aminobenzyl alcohol derivatives with Meldrum's acids
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Calcaterra Andrea , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Fochetti Andrea , Goggiamani Antonella , Iazzetti Antonia , Marrone Federico , Mazzoccanti Giulia , Serraiocco Andrea
Published: March 2022

The functionalized 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one nucleus has been assembled in good to high yields through the sequential reaction of readily availableN-Ts-o-aminobenzyl alcohols with Meldrum's acid derivatives under mild basic conditions.
Cr3+-doped borate phosphors for broadband near-infrared LED applications
Authors: Wang Jiutian , Jiang Lihong , Pang Ran , Zhang Su , Li Da , Li Kai , Li Chengyu , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2022

A novel broadband NIR phosphor K6Li0.9Na0.1CaSc2(B5O10)3:Cr3+ with a single luminescence center has been successfully synthesized, and the relationship between the crystal structure and the luminescence properties was systematically investigated.
Biaxial negative thermal expansion in Zn[N(CN)2]2
Authors: Zhang Ya , Sanson Andrea , Song Yuzhu , Olivi Luca , Shi Naike , Wang Lei , Chen Jun
Published: March 2022

A 2D-layered network Zn[N(CN)2]2, is reported in which the transverse vibrations of C atoms and the rotation of ZnN4 tetrahedra dominate its biaxial NTE behavior.
Enhanced diffusivity in microscopically reversible active matter
Authors: Ryabov Artem , Tasinkevych Mykola
Published: March 2022

The principle of microscopic reversibility imposed on chemical reactions powering self-propulsion of a nanomotor dictates enhancement of its diffusion constant.
Unraveling the role of solvent–precursor interaction in fabricating heteroatomic carbon cathode for high-energy-density Zn-ion storage
Authors: Duan Hui , Song Ziyang , Miao Ling , Li Liangchun , Zhu Dazhang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: March 2022

A solvent–precursor interaction-guided synthetic strategy is proposed to design heteroatomic carbon cathodes with customized microstructures towards efficient Zn-ion energy storage.
Robust composite film with high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties by constructing a long-range ordered sandwich structure
Authors: Li Linhong , Li Maohua , Zhang Zihui , Qin Yue , Shui Xiaoxue , Xia Juncheng , Xiong Shaoyang , Wang Bo , Zhang Zhenbang , Wei Xianzhe , Kong Xiangdong , Gong Ping , Cai Tao , Pan Zhongbin , Li Yong , Fan Jinchen , Lin Cheng-Te , Jiang Nan , Yu Jinhong
Published: March 2022

Simultaneous achievement of high thermal transportation performance and superior mechanical properties in a same thermal management composite film.
Two luminescent cuprous iodides with hitherto-unknown free imidazolate sites for efficiently sensing Fe3+ and Cr2O72−
Authors: Peng Qian , Liu Xing , Zhou Jian
Published: March 2022

Integration of the photoactive Pb2+ ion into the cuprous iodide framework gives a new type of luminescent heterometallic iodide as a promising dual luminescent material.
A Systematic Review of Adherence Strategies for Adult Populations in Speech-Language Pathology Treatment
Authors: Bartlett Rebecca S. , Carpenter Alicia M. , Chapman Leia K.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) often advise adult patients to complete at-home programs in order to improve outcomes. Despite this widespread practice, relatively little is known about treatment adherence. The purposes of this systematic review were to identify adherence strategies and adherence tracking methods used by adult populations that are commonly treated by SLPs (i.e., dysphagia, aphasia, traumatic brain injury, dysphonia, dysarthria), and to identify the efficacy of these strategies.

Method:

The systematic review was conducted in accordance with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in three databases (CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science).

Results:

Of the 679 articles found, 18 were selected for analysis. Two thirds of the included articles received the second highest rating on the 5-point JAMA Quality Rating Scheme. Interventions designed to alter treatment adherence included (most to least frequent) computer programs, portable devices/phone apps, alarm reminders, instructional DVDs, check-ins from a clinician/volunteer, and wearable device. Adherence reporting methods included (most to least frequent) self-report diaries, computer program/app-aided collection, wearable device, and clinician/volunteer observation. Of the articles that reported practice frequency, 58% found that adherence strategies improved practice frequency as compared to control. Of the articles that reported treatment outcomes, 66% found that adherence strategies were associated with improved treatment outcomes as compared to control.

Conclusions:

The paucity of publications reviewed suggests that treatment adherence is considerably understudied in speech-language pathology. A clearer understanding of how to improve the design of adherence strategies could yield highly valuable clinical outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19393793
Parental Satisfaction and Impact of an Internet Intervention for Interactive Storybook Reading
Authors: Morris Lekeitha R. , Bellon-Harn Monica L.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This article evaluated the utilization of an Internet-based, self-managed parent training program (i.e., Success with Stories [SWS]) designed to facilitate parental motivation about interactive storybook reading, perceived competence in their ability to engage in interactive storybook reading, and their reading practices and beliefs.

Method:

Ten parents of young children with/or at-risk for a spoken language disorder enrolled in SWS. The satisfaction of content, usability, presentation, suitability, and exercises of SWS among the parents were examined using an intervention satisfaction rating survey, a focus group, and semistructured interviews.

Results:

The survey revealed high levels of satisfaction, and qualitative data reflected the survey data. Parents found the program to be acceptable, functional, and practical. Pre- and postprogram responses on the Parental Reading Beliefs Inventory were compared. Significant differences were reported with a large effect size. Within-program responses on the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and Perceived Competence Scale indicated that parents were motivated and had high levels of perceived competence across all learning paths within SWS.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that further development and evaluation of SWS is warranted. SWS is a program targeting interactive storybook reading rather than a comprehensive language and literacy program. As such, SWS may be beneficial as a supplemental program to support direct service delivery.
Effect of gas compressibility on fluid field of air‐cooled turbo‐generator
Authors: Liu Ling , Ding Shuye , Li Zhenjiang , Shen Shufeng , Chen Shaoxian , Dou Yiping
Published: March 2022

The effect of gas compressibility on the fluid flow characteristics of a 350 MW air‐cooled turbo‐generator is investigated in this paper. Two gas models taking gas compressibility and incompressibility into account are established for numerical calculation. Then, a one‐fourth physical model based on the practical ventilation structure and basic assumption is built to analyse the flow velocity and flow rate using the finite volume method (FVM). The FVM‐predicted flow rate and flow velocity of cooling medium in the air cavity, stator and rotor of the generator show the distribution characteristics of flow rate and velocity in the generator is affected by the gas compressibility model selection. The comparison of FVM‐predicted flow rate and experimental value shows that the FVM‐predicted results using the gas compressibility model is more accurate when comparing to those using the incompressible model. Therefore, the gas compressibility model is an appealing approach to analyse the flow fluid characteristics of the air‐cooled turbo‐generator.
Jeder Tag ist anders
Authors: Jarling Katharina
Published: March 2022

Erinnern Sie sich noch an Ihre Anfänge in der Psychiatrie? Wir wollten von psychiatrisch Pflegenden wissen, wie der erste Kontakt mit dem Team und den Patienten war, was sie am meisten interessiert, berührt oder auch befremdet hat und wo sie ihre Aufgaben sehen. Dieses Mal berichtet eine Pflegende, die auf Umwegen zur psychiatrischen Pflege gekommen ist.
Erste Erfahrungen mit der peripheren Nervenstimulation mittels implantierbarem System als Behandlungsmethode des komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndroms CRPS 2
Authors: Sawetz Isabelle , Smolle Christian , Girsch Werner
Published: March 2022

Einleitung Die periphere Nervenstimulation (PNS) hat sich, anlehnend an die zentrale Nervenstimulation (Spinal Cord Stimulation – SCS), als geeignete Therapieoption zur Behandlung des komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndroms (CRPS) vor allem im Bereich der oberen Extremität gezeigt. Die Evidenz zur PNS ist jedoch in der aktuellen Literatur sehr spärlich.

Material und Methoden Bei 11 Patient*innen mit CRPS2 wurden nach strengen Selektionskriterien die Implantation eines Peripheren Nervenstimulationssystems indiziert. Es handelte sich dabei um 5 Männer und 6 Frauen im mittleren Alter von 46,4 (24–58) Jahren. Der mittlere Schmerzscore wurde von den Patient*innen präoperativ mit 8,0 (±1,3) auf der zehnteiligen Numerischen Rating-Skala (NRS) angegeben. Bei 8 Patient*innen wurden Elektroden an der oberen Extremität (Plexus brachialis), bei 2 Patient*innen im Bereich der unteren (N. ischiadicus) und bei einer Patientin sowohl an oberer als auch an unterer Extremität implantiert. Die 8 aktiven Elektrodenpole wurden möglichst parallel an den Zielnerven implantiert und mittels Verlängerungselektroden an ein externes Stimulationsgerät angeschlossen. Nach einer Testphase von 5 Tagen wurde bei positivem Feedback und einer anhand Schmerzprotokoll ersichtlichen Schmerzreduktion von zumindest 4 Punkten auf der NRS der definitive Impulsgeber implantiert.

Ergebnisse Alle 11 Patient*innen wurden erfolgreich mit einem implantierbaren peripheren Nervenstimulationssystem der Firma Boston Scientific Inc. versorgt. Die durchschnittliche Schmerzreduktion betrug 4,6 (±1,2) Punkte auf der NRS. Der durchschnittliche postoperative Schmerzwert betrug 3,4 (±0,9). Der postoperative Verlauf gestaltete sich bei allen Patient*innen komplikationslos.

Schlussfolgerung Die periphere Nervenstimulation erscheint als geeignete Therapieoption zur Behandlung des CRPS 2 bei Versagen konservativer und herkömmlicher operativer Behandlungsmethoden. Die Erfahrung an unseren Patient*innen zeigt, dass neuropathische Schmerzen erfolgreich um durchschnittlich etwa 4 Punkte auf der NRS reduziert werden konnten. Arthrogene Beschwerden hingegen zeigten sich durch die PNS unbeeinflussbar. Da es sich beim CRPS um eine psychosomatische Erkrankung handelt, ist die Einbindung der PNS in ein multimodales Therapiekonzept mit Physio- und Ergotherapie und Psychologie essenziell für den Behandlungserfolg.
Welche Wünsche und Bedürfnisse haben psychiatrisch erkrankte wohnungslose Menschen?
Authors: Schmidt Jonathan , Schner Julia
Published: March 2022

Um Hilfsangebote gezielt an die Bedürfnisse psychiatrisch erkrankter wohnungsloser Menschen anpassen zu können, wurden in einem Forschungsprojekt Betroffene zu ihren Wünschen interviewt. Im Fokus stand die Frage, ob es Bedarf an einer psychiatrischen Straßensprechstunde in Frankfurt am Main gibt. Zum Vorschein kamen Versorgungslücken, aber auch Anregungen, wie Betroffene besser unterstützt werden können.
Glaukombehandlung in deutschen Krankenhäusern 2019
Authors: Luebke Jan , Böhringer Daniel , Evers Charlotte , Daniel Moritz Claudius , Reinhard Thomas , Lang Stefan J.
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Chirurgische Verfahren in der Augenheilkunde unterliegen Schwankungen in ihrer Anwendung und sind abhängig von Neuentwicklungen, Verfügbarkeiten und Erfolgswerten. Vor
allem im Bereich der Glaukomchirurgie wurden in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche neue Verfahren eingeführt. Bislang existieren kaum Auswertungen zur tatsächlichen Anwendung dieser neueren
Verfahren. Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit dar, in welchem Maße glaukomchirurgische Verfahren in deutschen Krankenhäusern im Jahr 2019 angewandt wurden.

Methoden Die Qualitätsberichte der deutschen Krankenhäuser aus dem Jahr 2019 wurden bez. aller glaukomspezifischen Prozedurverschlüsselungen ausgewertet. Verglichen wurden im
Folgenden insbesondere Laserverfahren, „klassische“ Glaukomeingriffe und „moderne“ Verfahren wie die MIGS (minimally invasive glaucoma surgery).

Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2019 wurden an deutschen Krankenhäusern 49 031 Glaukomprozeduren durchgeführt. Zahlenmäßig am häufigsten wurden zyklodestruktive Verfahren angewandt. Die MIGS
machten in den vorliegenden Daten etwa 10% der Eingriffe aus. Bei den filtrierenden Eingriffen wurden etwa 40% implantatunterstützt durchgeführt.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Es zeigt sich in den ausgewerteten Daten aus deutschen Krankenhäusern einerseits eine gemischte Erweiterung des Spektrums mit neueren Verfahren wie
den MIGS und den Implantaten, andererseits kommen die klassischen Verfahren wie die Zyklodestruktion weiterhin zum Einsatz. Es ist anzunehmen, dass sich in den kommenden Jahren weitere
Verschiebungen der Operationsmethoden zeigen werden.
Recurrent Filamentous Fungal Keratitis Caused When the Primarily Selected Graft Diameter was Too Small
Authors: Berger Tim , Seitz Berthold , Flockerzi Fidelis , Daas Loay
Published: March 2022

Purpose To establish the importance of using a sufficiently large corneal graft in primary penetrating keratoplasty in order to prevent recurrence of fungal keratitis.

Oberservations A 58-year-old female patient underwent emergency penetrating keratoplasty (diameter 7.0 mm, double running suture) for therapy-resistant fungal keratitis (Fusarium
solani) at an external eye clinic. Despite intensive antifungal therapy, new fungal infiltrates appeared in the host cornea after a few days. The patient was referred to our department
for further treatment. On first presentation, circular infiltrates were seen around the corneal graft with anterior chamber involvement and therapy-resistant hypopyon. We performed an
emergency penetrating repeat keratoplasty (diameter of 13.0 mm, 32 interrupted sutures) combined with anterior chamber lavage and intracameral and intrastromal drug injection.

Conclusion and Importance Fungal keratitis sometimes has a frustrating clinical course. Therefore, early diagnosis with effective therapy initiation is of the utmost importance. In
cases of penetrating keratoplasty, optimal planning and timing (before anterior chamber involvement) should be provided. Sufficient safety distance must be ensured in the choice of graft
diameter, fixation with multiple interrupted sutures, and anterior chamber lavage, as well as intracameral and intrastromal drug administration. Incomplete excision carries a risk of
recurrence and endophthalmitis in the course. Close postoperative control is necessary to detect early recurrences.
Stigmatisierungserfahrungen bei beruflich Pflegenden im Kontext von
Covid-19 – eine Qualitative Studie
Authors: Faller Gudrun , Zeiser Maria , Geiger Laura , Schieron Martin , Skarabis Noemi , Scheuvens Lea , Schubert Melanie , Melzer Marlen , Wegewitz Uta , Seidler Andreas , Girbig Maria
Published: March 2022

Ziel Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen scheinen im Vergleich zu
anderen Berufsgruppen stärker von Stigmatisierung im Kontext der
Covid-19-Pandemie betroffen zu sein. Allerdings ist die Wissensbasis
diesbezüglich noch lückenhaft. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war
einerseits die Untersuchung pandemiebedingter Stigmatisierungserfahrungen bei
pflegerischem und ärztlichem Personal in Deutschland, andererseits die
Ermittlung spezifischer Details hinsichtlich der Art und Auswirkungen von
Stigmatisierungserfahrungen sowie geeigneter Präventions- und
Interventionsmaßnahmen.

Material und Methode Leitfadengestützte, teilstandardisierte
Interviews mit – von Stigmatisierung im Zusammenhang mit der
Covid-19-Pandemie betroffenen – beruflich Pflegenden wurden
durchgeführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Sechzehn Pflegefachkräfte beteiligten sich an den
Interviews. Als Quellen von Stigmatisierung wurden Freunde und Bekannte,
Familienangehörige, Vorgesetzte, Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Patientinnen
und Patienten und deren Angehörige, fremde Personen sowie
öffentliche Medien genannt. Ein Teil der interviewten Personen
berichtete über Selbststigmatisierung. Anlässe für
Stigmatisierung waren im privaten Umfeld primär die Angst vor
Ansteckung, hingegen ließ sich Stigmatisierung im Arbeitskontext unter
anderem auf krankheitsbedingte Abwesenheit vom Arbeitsplatz
zurückführen. Als Stigmatisierungsformen traten verschiedene
Arten der Distanzierung und Kontaktvermeidung sowie Vorwürfe auf. Als
Folgen wurden ein breites Spektrum negativer Gefühlsqualitäten
sowie psychosomatische Beschwerden beschrieben. Der Umgang mit der
Stigmatisierungserfahrung war sehr individuell. Einige Betroffene versuchten,
erneute Stigmatisierung durch Verschweigen der eigenen Berufstätigkeit
oder Arbeitsstelle zu verhindern. Die soziale Umgebung der Betroffenen reagierte
zumeist mit Zuspruch und verbaler Unterstützung.

Schlussfolgerung Stigmatisierung von beruflich Pflegenden infolge von
Pandemien ist ein in Deutschland noch kaum erschlossenes Forschungsfeld.
Besonderer Forschungsbedarf wird in der Quantifizierung von Ausmaß,
Erscheinungsformen und Folgen berufsbedingter Stigmatisierung sowie in der
Entwicklung geeigneter Präventionsstrategien auf betrieblicher und
überbetrieblicher Ebene gesehen.
Ego-resiliency and Tinnitus Annoyance
Authors: Fludra Małgorzata , Kobosko Joanna , Gos Elżbieta , Paluchowska Justyna , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: March 2022

Abstract Background Tinnitus is a common and, in many cases, chronic condition. Coping with a chronic ailment is a long-term process, which also depends on the personality of the individual. One important personality resource is ego-resiliency, that is, how flexible
the person is in adapting to the impulse to control their environment. Purpose The aim of the study was to determine whether ego-resiliency affects the perceived level of tinnitus annoyance. Research Design This was a questionnaire study combined with a retrospective
analysis of medical data. Study Sample The study involved 176 people with diagnosed chronic tinnitus who volunteered to participate (53 men and 123 women aged 31‐80 years). Data Collection and Analysis The following tools were used: Ego-Resiliency Scale
to measure ego-resiliency, Tinnitus Functional Index to assess the impact of tinnitus on daily life, and a survey of sociodemographics and tinnitus history. Results The conducted research showed that men had higher ego-resiliency than women. Older subjects (older than 60 years)
had higher ego-resiliency than younger ones. There was a negative correlation between ego-resiliency and the perceived annoyance of tinnitus. Regression analysis showed that a person's ability to cope and to tolerate negative emotions were the only factors of ego-resiliency that were a significant
predictor of tinnitus annoyance. Conclusion People with a high level of personal ability to cope and to tolerate negative emotions are likely to experience decreased tinnitus annoyance. Ego-resiliency levels should be considered when diagnosing and planning interventions for people
with tinnitus. In psychological intervention programs for people with tinnitus, it is worthwhile developing ego-resiliency, paying particular attention to positive emotions which are crucial in building it. Research should be continued on other personal resources affecting perceived tinnitus
annoyance.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Nitro-2H-azirines via sp3 C–H Activation
Authors: Zhang Zhengyu , Huang Xiaojun , Ge Yun , Qian Yang
Published: March 2022

An expedient Rh(III)-catalytic method has been described to synthesis of 2-nitro-2H-azirine derivatives from easily accessible β-nitrooxime ethers via sp3 C–H activation process. This protocol features of low catalyst loading, very mild reaction conditions, and tolerating a diverse of functionalities in good yields. A possible reaction pathway is proposed involving [RhCp*Cl2]2-catalyzed sp3 C–H bond activation and pivalic acid elimination steps.
An Analysis of Tolerance and Early Survival Outcomes with Perioperative Modified FLOT in Gastric Cancers
Authors: Bhargava Prabhat , Das Sudeep , Ostwal Vikas , Srinivas Sujay , Bhandare Manish , Chaudhari Vikram , Bal Munita , Mantri Anoop , Kapoor Akhil , Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Ramaswamy Anant
Published: March 2022

Purpose Perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) is a current standard of care for locoregionally advanced gastric adenocarcinomas. There is limited real world data with regard to the tolerance and efficacy of this regimen.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of gastric cancer patients who were offered neoadjuvant perioperative modified FLOT regimen between December 2016 and October 2018, at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. Chemotherapy-related side-effects are reported along with overall survival (OS), as calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.

Results Three hundred and forty-three consecutive patients were started on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with mFLOT of which 298 patients (87%) completed the planned treatment. A total of 294 patients (86%) underwent curative resection of gastric cancer. Common grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities during NACT were diarrhea in 42 patients (12%) and febrile neutropenia in 27 patients (8%). Toxic death was seen in nine (2.6%) patients. A total of 264 patients (77%) completed planned adjuvant chemotherapy. Common grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities during adjuvant therapy were diarrhea in 42 patients (12%) and febrile neutropenia in 16 patients (6%). With a median follow-up of 19 months, the estimated 2-year median OS was 69.4%.

Conclusion Administration of modified FLOT regimen in locoregionally advanced gastric cancers is feasible in clinical practice with high completion rates, though requiring dose modifications due to the incidence of clinically relevant grade 3 to 5 toxicities. Early outcomes with the regimen are on par with survivals from the FLOT-AIO study.
Audit of In-Hospital Mortality from a Medical Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Center with the Emphasis on Best Supportive Care
Authors: Sundriyal Deepak , Nath Uttam Kumar , Kumar Parmod , Gupta Sweety , Joseph Deepa , Vaniyath Sudeep , Chetia Rituparna , Bakliwal Anamika , Chattopadhyay Debranjini , Dhingra Gaurav , Sehrawat Amit
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives The newly established medical oncology and hemato-oncology center at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, provided us an opportunity to audit in-hospital mortalities with a vision that the audit will serve as a standard for ceaseless improvement. Aim of the study was to initiate a vigorous process for the evaluation of all-cause mortality in patients suffering from cancer.

Methods An audit of all in-hospital deaths that occurred during the year 2019 was performed, and comprehensive scrutiny of various parameters (demographic, clinico-pathological, therapeutic, causes of death) was done. Reviews from two independent observers sharpened the infallibility of the audit. The lacunae in the existing practices and the scope for further improvement were noted.

Results Forty-five in-hospital deaths were registered during the study period (January–December 2019). The majority of the deaths occurred in patients with advanced stage of malignancy ([n = 31] 68.8%). Most common causes of death were progressive disease, neutropenic, and non-neutropenic sepsis. Chemotherapeutic agents, growth factors, blood components, and antibiotics were found to be used judiciously as per institutional policy. The reviewers emphasized on the use of comorbidity indexes in the treatment planning and avoiding intensive care unit referrals for patients receiving best supportive care (BSC). Emphasis was put on providing only BSC to the patients with a very limited life expectancy. Emphasis was also laid down on record of out of the hospital deaths.

Interpretation and Conclusion The audit disclosed areas of care which require further improvement. The mortality audit exercise should become a regular part of evaluation and training for the ongoing and future quality commitment. This should impact the clinical decision making in an oncology center providing quality care to the terminally ill patients.
Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patient in Deep Molecular Response—An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Bharathi Devi Goranthala , Jayachandran Perumal Kalaiyarasi , Arumugam Jhansi Rani , Bommannan Karthik , Sundersingh Shirley
Published: March 2022

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder that develops from the stem cell compartment. The classical translocation (BCR-ABL1) is present in approximately 95% of CML patients. Through disease progression, clonal evolution with additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) start appearing. Although relatively rare, chromosomal abnormalities can exist or develop in the Philadelphia (Ph)-negative clones, which may lead to the evolution of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hereby present a case of AML which emerged from a Ph-negative clone in a patient with a history of CML who was in deep molecular response. The possible mechanisms of ACAs have been discussed.
Prognostic Impact of Baseline Liver Metastasis in ALK Fusion-Positive Metastatic Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Khaddar Satvik , Kapoor Akhil , Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay M. , Menon Nandini , Mahajan Abhishek , Janu Amit , Kumar Rajiv , Purandare Nilendu , Prabhash Kumar
Published: March 2022

Introduction The prognosis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients has improved drastically since the introduction of targeted therapies. Apart from age, performance status, and type of driver mutation in a mNSCLC, prognosis also depends on baseline metastatic sites number as well as location with liver metastases being a poor prognostic factor. However, the clinical and prognostic association of baseline liver metastases in ALK fusion-positive mNSCLC is not well known.

Material and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of ALK fusion-positive mNSCLC patients to assess prognostic impact of liver metastases. Records were obtained from lung cancer audit database and electronic medical records. Patients were started on either chemotherapy, ALK-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or given best supportive care as per the clinical scenario. Radiological response was assessed every 2 to 3 months or earlier at clinical suspicion of progressive disease. Adverse events were evaluated as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.02.

Results A total of 441 patients were screened, out of which 76 had baseline liver metastases. Median age was 49 years with 64.5% males. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 14.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.9–19.4) in patients with baseline liver metastases. In patients who received first-line ALK inhibitor therapy versus who received first-line chemotherapy, mPFS was significantly better in the ALK-directed therapy subgroup, 15.3 months (95% CI 11.7–18.9) versus 5.9 months (95% CI 2.7–9.1), respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.3 [95% CI 0.17–0.54]; p < 0.001). Median overall survival (mOS) was 27.6 months (95% CI 17.4–37.7) in patients with baseline liver metastases which was not statistically significant from patients without baseline liver metastases which was 32.3 months (95% CI 28.8–35.7) (HR 1.32 [95% CI 0.91–1.9]; p = 0.22). Use of ALK-directed therapy in patients with baseline liver metastases resulted in better OS, mOS not reached versus 15.7 months (95% CI 2.7–28.8) in the chemotherapy group (HR 0.33 [95% CI 0.16—0.67]; p < 0.001).

Conclusion In patients with ALK fusion-positive mNSCLC, baseline liver metastases was not found to be an independent prognostic factor. However, the use of ALK-directed therapy resulted in a significantly better PFS and OS as compared with chemotherapy in patients with baseline liver metastases. This underscores the importance of the use of ALK-directed therapy whenever feasible in this group of patients.
Tumor Marker Decline in Predicting Treatment Outcome among Poor-Risk Testicular Germ Cell Tumors—A Tertiary Cancer Center Data
Authors: K. Lakshmi Haridas , James Francis V. , Kumar Aswin , Joseph John , KM Jagathnath Krishna
Published: March 2022

Introduction Testicular germ cell tumors are rare in India. Despite the advances in chemotherapy, poor-risk testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) remain as a clinical challenge. Various prognostic factors have been described in this rare disease. The Indian data in this regard is scarce. Our study is the first attempt to assess the tumor marker decline with respect to treatment outcome in poor-risk NSGCT in Indian patients.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study was done among newly diagnosed poor-risk NSGCT, treated at genitourinary clinic, at our tertiary cancer center during the period 2017 to 2019. The prognostic significance of tumor marker decline in them was correlated with 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS).

Statistical Methods The association between two variables were assessed using chi-squared/Fischer's exact test. The PFS and OS were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and the significance difference between survival curves was tested using log rank test. The risk for survival was estimated using cox regression analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results Out of 11 eligible patients, four (36%) had favorable tumor marker decline and seven (64%) had unfavorable decline. The 2-year PFS among favorable and unfavorable decline group were 66.7 and 42.9%, respectively (p-0.358), and the 2-year OS was 66.7 and 71.4%, respectively (p-0.974). Teratoma was not found to be a significant factor in our study. Tumors with only beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG) elevation were observed to have good outcome. Postchemotherapy unresectable residual disease showed a significant trend toward inferior survival, the 2-year PFS was 38 versus 100% (p-0.188) and the 2-year OS was 62.5 versus 100% (p-0.334) in patients with and without unresectable residual disease, respectively.

Conclusion Majority of our poor-risk NSGCT patients had unfavorable tumor marker decline and progressive events. However, the survival difference was not significant, given the small sample size. Tumors with only βHCG elevation were observed to have good outcome. Postchemotherapy unresectable residual disease showed a significant trend toward inferior survival.
Student wellness trends and interventions in medical education: a narrative review
Authors: Klein Harrison J. , McCarthy Sarah M.
Published: March 2022

Medical education is a time wrought with personal and professional stressors, posing serious challenges to maintaining student wellness. Extensive research has thus been conducted to identify these stressors and develop practical solutions to alleviate their harmful effects. This narrative review of quantitative and qualitative literature summarizes trends in student wellness and examines interventions deployed by medical schools to ameliorate student distress. Current trends indicate that mental illness, substance use, and burnout are more prevalent in medical students compared to the general population due to excessive academic, personal, and societal stressors. Pass/fail grading systems and longitudinal, collaborative learning approaches with peer support appear to be protective for student wellness. Additionally, maintaining enjoyable hobbies, cultivating social support networks, and developing resiliency decrease distress in medical students on an individual level. Faculty and administrator development is also a necessary component to ensuring student wellness. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unique challenges to the medical education system and has stimulated unprecedented innovation in educational technology and adaptability. Particularly, the discontinuation of the clinical skill evaluation components for both osteopathic and allopathic students should be a focus of medical student wellness research in the future.
Noncontextual coloring of orthogonality hypergraphs
Authors: Shekarriz Mohammad H. , Svozil Karl
Published: March 2022

We discuss representations and colorings of orthogonality hypergraphs in terms of their two-valued states interpretable as classical truth assignments. Such hypergraphs, if they allow for a faithful orthogonal representation, have quantum mechanical realizations in terms of intertwined contexts or maximal observables that are widely discussed as empirically testable criteria for contextuality. A reconstruction is possible for the class of perfectly separable hypergraphs. Colorings can be constructed from a minimal set of two-valued states. Some examples from exempt categories are presented, which either cannot be reconstructed by two-valued states or whose two-valued states cannot yield a chromatic number that is equal to the maximal clique number.
Translating solutions for a class of quasilinear parabolic initial boundary value problems in Lorentz–Minkowski plane R12
Authors: Gao Ya , Li Jing-Hua , Mao Jing
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the evolution of spacelike curves in the Lorentz–Minkowski plane R12 along prescribed geometric flows (including the classical curve shortening flow or mean curvature flow as a special case), which correspond to a class of quasilinear parabolic initial boundary value problems, and can prove that this flow exists for all time. Moreover, we can also show that the evolving spacelike curves converge to a spacelike straight line or a spacelike grim reaper curve as time tends to infinity.
Enhanced electroresistance endurance of capped Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ultrathin epitaxial tunnel barriers
Authors: Long Xiao , Tan Huan , Estandía Saúl , Gazquez Jaume , Sánchez Florencio , Fina Ignasi , Fontcuberta Josep
Published: March 2022

Electroresistance in ultrathin Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films is pivotal toward the implementation of hafnia-based ferroelectrics in electronics. Here, we show that the electroresistance yield and endurance of large capacitors (∼314 µm2) of epitaxial HZO films only 2.2 nm thick grown on SrTiO3 or GdScO3 can be improved using 1 nm SrTiO3 capping layers. It is argued that the main role of the capping layer is to minimize charge transport along grain boundaries, and, thus, a similar strategy can be explored in polycrystalline films.
Tritium segregation to vacancy-type basal dislocation loops in α-Zr from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Skelton R. , Nowak C. , Zhou X. W. , Karnesky R. A.
Published: March 2022

Tritium interactions with irradiation-induced defects in α-Zr are important for understanding getter performance in tritium-producing burnable absorbed rods. Vacancy-type basal loops are prominent in α-Zr irradiated at high dose rates. As they generate substantial tensile strain fields, such loops can trap tritium atoms. For this reason, vacancy-type basal dislocation loops are potentially important for tritium transport, tritium solubility, and tritide precipitation. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of tritium distributions around vacancy-type basal dislocation loops of different sizes, across a temperature range of 700–1200 K. Tritium preferentially segregates to the dislocation core and, to a lesser extent, the stacking fault. Segregation energies are estimated by inverting the tritium concentration distributions by assuming that the Boltzmann distribution adequately describes partitioning between the bulk and core environments. Agreement between molecular dynamics calculated segregation energies and predictions from elasticity theory using the stress field obtained by spatially averaging the atomic virial stresses suggests that elastic interactions dominate the interaction between tritium and basal loops. We also find an attractive tritium–tritium interaction. This attractive interaction can increase the stability of tritium in the dislocation core, resulting in a higher relative tritium concentration as the overall tritium concentration of the system increases. This suggests that vacancy-type basal dislocation loops can increase tritium solubility in irradiated α-Zr and may serve as preferential sites for tritide precipitation.
Geometry unites synchrony, chimeras, and waves in nonlinear oscillator networks
Authors: Budzinski Roberto C. , Nguyen Tung T. , Đoàn Jacqueline , Mináč Ján , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Muller Lyle E.
Published: March 2022

One of the simplest mathematical models in the study of nonlinear systems is the Kuramoto model, which describes synchronization in systems from swarms of insects to superconductors. We have recently found a connection between the original, real-valued nonlinear Kuramoto model and a corresponding complex-valued system that permits describing the system in terms of a linear operator and iterative update rule. We now use this description to investigate three major synchronization phenomena in Kuramoto networks (phase synchronization, chimera states, and traveling waves), not only in terms of steady state solutions but also in terms of transient dynamics and individual simulations. These results provide new mathematical insight into how sophisticated behaviors arise from connection patterns in nonlinear networked systems.