bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problem-Oriented Assessments in Archives Management and an Extensive Archival Maturity Model Design
Authors: Rajh Arian
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, the author examines maturity models from archival literature, addressing first and foremost the preservation of (digital) archival materials. Next, the author analyzes selected capability and maturity instruments from the author's own experience. All those models from literature and practice are problem-oriented, so they do not apply to all situations in archives. Subsequently, the author addresses the need to develop a more extensive maturity model for archives management by employing methods that combine recent approaches to designing maturity models and then undertakes the first phase of developing such a tool. The author demonstrates how maturity models can support improvement work (on the example of the model from literature and the digital archival system from practice). Finally, the author announces further development of the proposed extensive maturity model for archives management.
Methodology to Improve the Maturity of Project Management at Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Chovanová Henrieta Hrablik , Babčanová Dagmar , Horňáková Natália , Samáková Jana , Makyšová Helena
Published: September 2018

This chapter deals with the need of analyze the course of project management processes with the help of maturity models. These models enable corporate plants finding out the level on what they plan and carry out projects, and they also help to retain or increase this level. Moreover, they offer plants the possibility of comparing their level of project use and project management to those of other plants, and thus enable plant finding out whether they are competitive enough in particular field. The methodology for improving the maturity of project management in industrial enterprises in the Slovak Republic will be described in the chapter. The individual maturity levels of enterprises in project management will also be characterized. By the setting of the criteria for transition to a higher maturity level, a large area of project management will be divided into smaller units, which is important in order to identify the areas of the project management where the specific industrial enterprise is behind and in which areas its results are positive.
Adapting Big Data Ecosystem for Landscape of Real World Applications
Authors: Wassan Jyotsna Talreja
Published: September 2018

Big data is revolutionizing the world in the internet age. The wide variety of areas like online businesses, electronic health management, social networking, demographics, geographic information systems, online education, etc. are gaining insight from big data principles. Big data is comprised of heterogeneous datasets which are too large to be handled by traditional relational database systems. An important reason for explosion of interest in big data is that it has become cheap to store volumes of data and there is a major rise in computation capacity. This chapter gives an overview of big data ecosystems comprising various big data platforms useful in today's competitive world.
Big Data Analysis and Mining
Authors: Leung Carson K.-S.
Published: September 2018

Big data analysis and mining aims to discover implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information and knowledge from big databases that contain high volumes of valuable veracious data collected or generated at a high velocity from a wide variety of data sources. Among different big data mining tasks, this chapter focuses on big data analysis and mining for frequent patterns. By relying on the MapReduce programming model, researchers only need to specify the “map” and “reduce” functions to discover frequent patterns from (1) big databases of precise data in a breadth-first manner or in a depth-first manner and/or from (2) big databases of uncertain data. Such a big data analysis and mining process can be sped up. The resulting (constrained or unconstrained) frequent patterns mined from big databases provide users with new insights and a sound understanding of users' patterns. Such knowledge is useful is many real-life information science and technology applications.
How Visualisation and Interaction Can Optimize the Cognitive Processes Towards Big Data
Authors: Feraco Antonio , Erdt Marius
Published: September 2018

In recent decades, large amounts of data became essential parts of daily work and life such that the rise of big data movements was inevitable. However, is everybody able to see what the data really means? Is everybody able to extrapolate the right information from the jungle? Maybe yes, but most probably no if he or she is not an expert. In parallel, the spread of interactive devices, stationary and mobile, has the potential to improve and ease information retrieval processes. On top of both developments, human-computer interaction (HCI) and of visualization have a great impact on the cognitive process to understand and interpret big data. In this respect, a new method for gathering data via easy-to-use interfaces and intuitive visualization is presented. This chapter also presents an example of how interaction with the new devices enhances the cognitive processes of memorizing the information.
Fault Tolerant Cloud Systems
Authors: Kumar Sathish , Balamurugan B
Published: September 2018

Cloud computing refers to a model for accessing computing resource like networks, servers, storage, applications, and services remotely. Cloud computing offers these resources as a service, namely infrastructure-as-a-service, platform-as-a-service, and software-as-a-service. To use these services, two roles involved: the cloud provider offers the service and the cloud customer consumes the service. These resources are efficiently shared and utilized by customers and it is called workload. The requirement of workload depends on customer demands that vary from higher to lower. Based on the customer demand, cloud provider makes the resource available efficiently. In the context of cloud, the workload is based on web-based service or jobs processed in batch mode. The arrival process of jobs in the cloud is not often deterministic. The irregular increase or decrease in workload has a vital impact on resource provision. Monitoring the resources helps in measuring the performance of the cloud so that the resource can be provisioned to customers efficiently.
Vertical Integration Between Providers With Possible Cloud Migration
Authors: Kostic-Ljubisavljevic Aleksandra , Mikavica Branka
Published: September 2018

All vertically integrated participants in content provisioning process are influenced by bandwidth requirements. Provisioning of self-owned resources that satisfy peak bandwidth demand leads to network underutilization and it is cost ineffective. Under-provisioning leads to rejection of customers' requests. Vertically integrated providers need to consider cloud migration in order to minimize costs and improve quality of service and quality of experience of their customers. Cloud providers maintain large-scale data centers to offer storage and computational resources in the form of virtual machines instances. They offer different pricing plans: reservation, on-demand, and spot pricing. For obtaining optimal integration charging strategy, revenue sharing, cost sharing, wholesale price is applied frequently. The vertically integrated content provider's incentives for cloud migration can induce significant complexity in integration contracts, and consequently improvements in costs and requests' rejection rate.
Virtualization as the Enabling Technology of Cloud Computing
Authors: Firdhous Mohamed Fazil Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Cloud computing is the newest paradigm in computing that turned upside down the way of resource provisioning and payment. Cloud computing improves the resource utilization through virtualization enabling both customers as well as service providers to reap the benefits. Thus, virtualization is the enabling technology that made this revolution possible. Through virtualization, it is possible to host multiple independent systems on a single hardware without interfering with each other. Server virtualization techniques can be grouped based how the underlying hardware and operating systems are presented to the users. In this chapter, the author takes an in depth look at how different virtualization has been implemented along with their security and quality of service issues.
Data-Centric Benchmarking
Authors: Darmont Jérôme
Published: September 2018

In data management, both system designers and users casually resort to performance evaluation. Performance evaluation by experimentation on a real system is generally referred to as benchmarking. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of the major past and present state-of-the-art data-centric benchmarks. This review includes the TPC standard benchmarks, but also alternative or more specialized benchmarks. Surveyed benchmarks are categorized into three families: transaction benchmarks aimed at on-line transaction processing (OLTP), decision-support benchmarks aimed at on-line analysis processing (OLAP), and big data benchmarks. Issues, tradeoffs, and future trends in data-centric benchmarking are also discussed.
Learning From Imbalanced Data
Authors: Mathews Lincy , Hari Seetha
Published: September 2018

A very challenging issue in real-world data is that in many domains like medicine, finance, marketing, web, telecommunication, management, etc. the distribution of data among classes is inherently imbalanced. A widely accepted researched issue is that the traditional classifier algorithms assume a balanced distribution among the classes. Data imbalance is evident when the number of instances representing the class of concern is much lesser than other classes. Hence, the classifiers tend to bias towards the well-represented class. This leads to a higher misclassification rate among the lesser represented class. Hence, there is a need of efficient learners to classify imbalanced data. This chapter aims to address the need, challenges, existing methods, and evaluation metrics identified when learning from imbalanced data sets. Future research challenges and directions are highlighted.
Neighborhood Rough-Sets-Based Spatial Data Analytics
Authors: Sharmila Banu K  , Tripathy B. K.
Published: September 2018

Rough set theory partitions a universe using single-layered granulation. The equivalence classes induced by rough sets are based on discretized values. Considering the fact that the spatial data are continuous at large, discretizing them may cause loss of data. Neighborhood approximations can lead to closely related coverings using continuous values. Besides, the spatial attributes also need to be given due consideration and should be handled unlike non-spatial attributes in the process of dimensionality reduction. This chapter analyzes the use of neighborhood rough sets for continuous data and handling spatially correlated attributes using rough sets.
Use of Data Analytics for Program Impact Evaluation and Enhancement of Faculty/Staff Development
Authors: King Samuel Olugbenga
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the use of data analytics to satisfy the accountability demands (summative evaluation) of higher education, while contributing to faculty and staff development in the process (formative evaluation). By situating the data analytics process within a strategic questioning framework, the inquiry has focused on the evaluation of the impact of the programs and services provided by an academic development center at a large research university in the United States. The analytics data, primary findings, have been critiqued and incorporated to enhance further staff and professional development at the center. The findings have also been benchmarked with relevant analytics data from other academic development centers in Europe and Australasia to provide comparative performance measures. The key contribution of the use of data analytics to academic development is its potential to catalyze a data-driven culture that would adequately respond to the 21st century accountability ethos of higher education with systematic, valid, and useful impact/performance measures.
Corporate Disclosure Measurement
Authors: Rajib Md. Salah Uddin , Sajib Md. Qutub Uddin
Published: September 2018

This chapter conducts the study on the use of text mining for corporate disclosure measurement. During the last few decades, research on corporate disclosure has received significant concentration from the researchers. Corporate disclosure measurement has been used by researchers to reveal the real-world scenario of corporate disclosure practice. Very often, the researchers have used content analysis for making comments on the corporate disclosure practice. This chapter investigates the usability of text mining approaches for measuring the corporate disclosure. To do this, stages and general techniques of text mining have been discussed. The usability and advantages of text mining approaches for corporate disclosure measurement have been investigated. And prospective stages of text mining have been proposed to measure the corporate disclosure. The investigation and study indicates that text mining can contribute significantly to measure the corporate disclosure.
A Proposed Framework for Incorporating Big-Data Technology in National Crisis Management Center
Authors: Kabeil Magdy M. , Kabil Ahmad M.
Published: September 2018

The chapter presents a framework for incorporating BDT in a traditional conceptual design of NCMC. The updated conceptual design is validated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the quality function deployment (QFD) technique. The results show that each requirement of national crisis is supported by a set of integrated modules of the conceptual design in a balanced way. The modules of the highest contribution in the design are the modules most related to BDT. The steps required for implementing the conceptual design are given.
Quality Evaluation for Evolving Conceptual Database Design
Authors: Locuratolo Elvira Immacolata
Published: September 2018

The chapter is concerned with the proposal of a new approach of conceptual database design, called evolving conceptual database design, which exploits the structure for the preservation of database classes/concepts within the design. In order to discuss the opportunity to take into consideration this approach, the structure is constructed starting from a database conceptual graph. The leaves of the structure are mapped to a logical/object database graph. Horizontal steps of constructive logical database design extend the model. The computational costs required to design the structure for the preservation of database classes/concepts, as well as the qualitative/conceptual costs of the logical models resulting from the constructive design, are discussed.
Design of Compensators for Comb Decimation Filters
Authors: Dolecek Gordana Jovanovic
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents different methods proposed to compensate for the comb pass band droop. Two main groups of methods are elaborated: methods that require multipliers and multiplier-less methods. The width of pass band depends on the decimation factor and the decimation of the stage which follows the comb decimation stage. In that sense, the compensation can be considered as a one in the wideband, or in the narrowband. There exit methods which can be used for both: wideband and narrowband compensations (with different parameters). Usually there is a trade-off between the compensator complexity and the provided quality of compensation.
Mobile Virtual Reality to Enhance Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Pallavicini Federica , Morganti Luca , Diana Barbara , Realdon Olivia , Zurloni Valentino , Mantovani Fabrizia
Published: September 2018

Focusing on healthcare, in the last few decades advanced technologies have become crucial keys in supporting subjective wellbeing. Among them, virtual reality has been proven to be effective for mental health promotion in several research studies. Although the dramatic development in the field of virtual reality system, there are still important problems related to the use of this technology. Within this perspective, the growing availability, low-cost and easy-to-use mobile virtual reality (i.e., the integration of virtual reality system on mobile devices such as smartphone and tablet) represents a meaningful opportunity to support mental health interventions. The chapter will first briefly describe mobile virtual reality. Then, a mobile virtual reality design practice will be presented. Finally, the current application of mobile virtual reality to enhance subjective wellbeing will be discussed with the support of concrete examples and research study analysis.
Open Source
Authors: Schnackenberg Heidi Lee
Published: September 2018

The phrase “open source” is not something often heard in everyday conversation. However, the idea of downloadable, free software, particularly mobile applications, or “apps,” has become quite commonplace. Individuals often download free products, grateful that they are available and will potentially work well, without thinking where they originate or why they even exist. Not so long ago, most things associated with computers available to the general population came at a cost and were available from only a few vendors. This is no longer the case thanks to the ever-increasing availability and popularity of open source software, operating systems, and applications.
SMS and Civil Unrest
Authors: Chiluwa Innocent
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the roles of text messaging in organizing and mobilizing protests and social unrest. It gives a general overview of the various forms of protest behaviors, showing how and why social media and ICTs have enhanced protest planning and implementation by activists around the world. The chapter reviews current knowledge in research literature and describes and gives examples of types of responses to ICT communication networks by national governments during crises. It concludes with a hope that ICT-based initiatives and movements can achieve impactful social change despite skepticism among scholars on the contrary.
A Survey of People Localization Techniques Utilizing Mobile Phones
Authors: Bayındır Levent
Published: September 2018

With the ongoing diffusion of mobile computing and context-aware applications, knowledge of the current location of an individual can be leveraged in a number of different domains, from personal diaries and fitness-related applications to human behavior analysis and targeted advertising. This chapter presents a review of past research works describing techniques for utilizing smartphone sensors to identify the environment where a smartphone user is located. The review focuses on studies where user location can be computed autonomously and continuously by a smartphone without the need for an active involvement of the user, and where issues such as power consumption and dependence of sensor readings from the on-body position of the phone are addressed.
Technological Innovation and Use in the Early Days of Camera Phone Photo Messaging
Authors: Lillie Jonathan
Published: September 2018

This chapter reviews user studies to look at the early era (roughly 2001-2007) of camera phone and MMS (multimedia messaging services) use. It then considers the role played by one of the main regional and global industry actors (Nokia) in shaping the technology and then responding to user trends and innovation. The studies reviewed show that early camera phone users embraced this technology as a significantly enhanced form of the portable analog camera, as opposed to being more enthralled with photo messaging as industry players like Nokia had hoped. The chapter concludes by arguing that technological innovation and use are impacted by many factors besides industrial design and marketing.
Wireless Implant Communications Using the Human Body
Authors: Teshome Assefa K. , Kibret Behailu , Lai Daniel T. H.
Published: September 2018

This chapter first examines a new analytical electromagnetic model that uses galvanically coupled intrabody communication (IBC). Frequencies ranging from hundreds of kHz up to a few MHz are considered under quasi-static assumptions. The model is unified in the sense that it can be applied to any part of the body (i.e., head, torso, limbs, etc.). It also describes influences of tissue property and geometry of the body part. The security and low power consumption of IBC are also apparent in this model. The path loss characterization of IBC implants shows lower values compared to their MICS counterparts. In addition, the chapter also elaborates on the use of human body as antenna. A scenario where an RF current is fed by a tiny toriodal inductor clamped around tissues in the ankle is studied. The frequency range of 1-70 MHz is considered. Theoretical results show that the system has a maximum gain of - 25 dB between 20 to 40 MHz, assuming an isotropic radiation from human body. For improved performance, mitigation techniques for losses are also discussed.
Autonomic Cooperative Communications
Authors: Wodczak Michal
Published: September 2018

When perceived from the perspective of physical layer upwards, as it capitalizes on signal processing in both the spatial and temporal domains, the concept of link layer inherent distributed cooperative relaying based on virtual antenna arrays aims to improve the reliability of wireless communications through the exploitation of radio diversity provided by relay nodes. Given such a context, the inclusion of network layer routines of relevance may only further facilitate the orchestration of networked devices in terms of arranging for their pre-selection into cooperative groups. However, as the system becomes more and more complex, it appears of necessity to incorporate overlay elements of self-management-driven generic autonomic network architecture to allow simultaneous formation of numerous cooperative and non-cooperative set-ups. This is where the substantial role of autonomic system design comes into the global picture as the umbrella under which the concept of autonomic cooperative communications may be realized.
QoS Architectures for the IP Network
Authors: Perros Harry G.
Published: September 2018

When we call someone over the internet using a service such as Skype or Google talk, we may experience certain undesirable problems. For instance, we may not be able to hear the other person very well, or even worse, the call may be dropped. In order to eliminate these problems, the underlying IP network has to be able to provide quality of service guarantees. Several schemes have been developed that enable the IP network to provide such guarantees. Of these schemes, the multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) and the differentiated services (DiffServ) are the most widely used. In this chapter, some of the salient features of MPLS and DiffServ are reviewed.
Mutation Testing Applied to Object-Oriented Languages
Authors: Delgado-Pérez Pedro , Medina-Bulo Inmaculada , Domínguez-Jiménez Juan José
Published: September 2018

Mutation testing is a suitable technique to determine the quality of test suites designed for a certain program. The set of mutation operators and the overall technique should be developed around each programming language in particular. The structures related to the object-oriented paradigm require a tailored analysis addressing them. However, class mutation operators for these languages have not been analyzed at the same extent as traditional operators for procedural languages in the literature. The purpose of the chapter is to look in depth at the development and the current state of mutation testing, and more specifically, with regard to object-oriented programming languages.
Petri Nets Identification Techniques for Automated Modelling of Discrete Event Processes
Authors: Rodriguez-Perez Edelma , Lopez-Mellado Ernesto
Published: September 2018

One of the ways to perform the reverse engineering of a reactive system is to analyze the model of such a system. However, this model could not exist, or the documentation could not be updated; then a model that describes the current behavior of the system has to be built. Automated modelling of reactive discrete event processes can be achieved through identification techniques, which yield suitable discrete event models from the observed behavior in the form of input-output sequences. This chapter presents an overview of input-output identification techniques that build Petri net models.
Towards an Understanding of Performance, Reliability, and Security
Authors: Wang Ye , Jiang Bo , Pan Weifeng
Published: September 2018

Service-oriented computing is a promising computing paradigm for software applications. However, there are a lot of key research issues in the service-oriented computing paradigm. Quality of service (QoS) is a key factor to resolve these issues as well as a crucial aspect in the design of service-oriented systems as it directly touches the concerns of the service users. Therefore, it is necessary and important to achieve a deeper understanding of different types of QoS properties. This chapter introduces three QoS properties, namely performance, reliability, and security, and provides an overview of these QoS properties and offers an in-depth analysis of the issues, challenges, and research opportunities of QoS properties in designing and developing service-oriented systems.
An Essay on Denotational Mathematics
Authors: Iurato Giuseppe
Published: September 2018

Denotational mathematics is a new rigorous discipline of theoretical computer science that springs out from the attempt to provide a suitable mathematical framework in which laid out new algebraic structures formalizing certain formal patterns coming from computational and natural intelligence, software science, cognitive informatics, neuronal networks, and artificial intelligence. In this chapter, a very brief but rigorous exposition of the main formal structures of denotational mathematics is outlined within naive set theory.
Anger and Internet in Japan
Authors: Endo Hiroko , Fuji Kei
Published: September 2018

People's anger has also given rise to controversy on the internet in Japan and is often linked with the issue of “flaming.” Thus, this chapter focuses on the expression and sharing of anger on the internet in Japan by providing examples. It also covers the results of large-scale studies that have been conducted in recent years and analyzes the traits of those who participate in flaming. The authors cover the problems of expression of anger on the internet in terms of social sharing of emotion. Through these arguments, the authors list the results of studies done in Japan that ask what should be done to control anger. In addition, they discuss what we should be focusing on when expressing emotions of anger and their experiences on the internet.
Determine Democracy in Web Design
Authors: Li Rowena
Published: September 2018

This chapter serves as an introduction to apply seven indicators in examining democracy on web interface design. It introduces a new measuring instrument to assist in determining a nation's democracy level so that democracy can be measured not only by traditional methods (surveys, case studies, questionnaires, interviews, and observations) but also through the study of web interface design. As a result, it extends cultural and political studies into the fields of human-computer interaction and user interface design.
An Efficient and Effective Index Structure for Query Evaluation in Search Engines
Authors: Chen Yangjun
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, the authors discuss an efficient and effective index mechanism for search engines to support both conjunctive and disjunctive queries. The main idea behind it is to decompose an inverted list into a collection of disjoint sub-lists. The authors associate each word with an interval sequence, which is created by applying a kind of tree coding to a trie structure constructed over all the word sequences in a database. Then, attach each interval, instead of a word, with an inverted sub-list. In this way, both set intersection and union can be conducted by performing a series of simple interval containment checks. Experiments have been conducted, which shows that the new index is promising. Also, how to maintain indices, when inserting or deleting documents, is discussed in great detail.
Improving Usability of Website Design Using W3C Guidelines
Authors: Sreedhar G.
Published: September 2018

Due to the unceasing growth of web sites and applications, developers and evaluators have interesting challenges not only from the development but also from the quality assurance point of view. The quality assurance was and is one of the challenging processes in software engineering as well as for web engineering, as a new discipline. Although there exist many design guidelines and metrics for the evaluation of web sites and applications, most of them lack a well-defined specification framework and even worse a strategy for consultation and reuse. The main theme of the chapter is to provide optimization techniques to improve the correctness of the website.
Visual Identity Design for Responsive Web
Authors: Kang Sunghyun Ryoo , Satterfield Debra
Published: September 2018

Responsive web design, which works for multiple screen sizes and devices, has changed the web ecosystem. However, maintaining a strong and consistent visual identity in a responsive web design is challenging because of the nature of its flexible or liquid layout and navigation. The purpose of this chapter is to identify design strategies for managing the visual identity of a site, the placement of images, and navigation methods that work consistently across the framework of responsive websites and devices.
What Accounts for the Differences in Internet Diffusion Rates Around the World?
Authors: Nath Ravi , Murthy Vasudeva N.R.
Published: September 2018

Clearly, the internet and its applications are pivotal in facilitating the economic activities of nations as well as significantly influencing an individual's work and life. However, the fact is that the internet diffusion rates remain vastly uneven across nations. Why? This chapter attempts to identify some of the key economic, political, cultural, technological, and individual factors that influence the diffusion rates of the internet across the nations of the world. Support for the stated factors is provided by citing existing research studies conducted across many nations. Further, a comprehensive understanding of the factors germane to the diffusion of the internet is essential in formulating and implementing policies that spur the availability and usage of the internet.
Application of Gamification to Blended Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Jaipal-Jamani Kamini , Figg Candace
Published: September 2018

Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has been identified as an effective digital teaching strategy to foster 21st century learning. The inclusion of digital game-based learning in instruction is challenging for educators to structure in higher education learning environments, often because of the lack of coherence with curriculum. Gamification is a recent DGBL strategy that enables the instructor to incorporate the motivational and engagement elements of games in ways that can be adapted to curriculum requirements. Gamification, supported with digital technologies such as web-based tools and learning management systems, offers the instructor the benefits of both face-to-face traditional instruction and online learning. An example of how blended learning in higher education incorporates gamification is presented. Study findings indicate that the blended gamified learning environment motivated learners and promoted cognitive, skill, and attitude development.
Educational Serious Games Design
Authors: Karasavvidis Ilias
Published: September 2018

Serious games are defined as games in which learning has priority over entertainment. While the entertainment industry is characterized by an established game design paradigm, the foregrounding of learning in serious games creates new demands. The design of effective serious games requires the pooling of expertise from both game design professionals and learning sciences professionals. One of the main problems the field of serious game design faces concerns the disconnect between game design and learning design. Several serious game design models have been proposed to bridge this gap. As these models have not been systematically reviewed, their contribution is not known. The chapter presents the state of the art for the field of serious game design and outlines five principal challenges. Next, 11 serious game design models are briefly introduced and reviewed. It is concluded that the degree to which the models meet the five challenges varies and that the field of serious game design is in a pre-paradigm state.
Exposure to Video Games and Decision Making
Authors: Curcio Giuseppe , Peracchia Sara
Published: September 2018

In the last years, it is ever more frequent to read popular press stories about the effects of video and/or computer games on the brain and on the behavior. In some cases, we can read something claiming that video games “damage the brain,” while in others these activities can “boost brain power,” and such conflicting proclamation create confusion about the real or potential effects of this activity on human beings. Thus, it is very interesting to deeply understand the effect that exposure to video games (VGs) can have on cognitive processes, with particular attention to decision making. Only a few studies have been carried out on this issue: the main aim of this contribution is to clarify these aspects, critically reviewing the existing scientific literature. Particular attention has been dedicated to normal and pathological players, different types of VGs, and moral aspects of decision making vulnerable to VGs. It has been concluded that research in this area is still in its early days, and this short review aims at discussing several issues and challenges that should be addressed to forward this research field.
The Process Model of Gameplay to Understand Digital Gaming Outcomes
Authors: Kaye Linda K.
Published: September 2018

Common conceptions of digital gaming often allude to its role in promoting aggression, yet little is understood about its function as enjoyable leisure. This alternative lens permits a more comprehensive account of the way in which gaming may hold equivalent benefits to that of other leisure. In developing a rationale for this solution, this chapter evaluates theoretical models explaining the processes through which digital game violence can translate into aggressive behavior. Here, there is a suggestion that these models are too restrictive in accounting for diverse gaming outcomes, suggesting that theoretical frameworks need to be sufficiently complex to account for a wider set of influences. Leisure theory is presented as a framework for understanding diverse gameplay experiences and their impact on gaming outcomes. This framework presents an alternative to the traditional focus of much research by suggesting that differential outcomes of gaming occur as a result of interactions between personal and contextual factors, as well as the dynamic process of gameplay itself.
Serious Games Advancing the Technology of Engaging Information
Authors: Smith Peter A. , Bowers Clint
Published: September 2018

Game researchers are now moving from exploring if games can teach to how games teach. The caveat is that not all games teach but that all good games teach. Leaving a simple truth, it is hard to make a good game, no less a good game that is also educational. The real challenge is getting the people with the right design abilities to make these types of games and establish best practices and quantify what actually makes games as educational systems work. Efforts to move in that direction must begin with establishing terms and defining a framework for what goes into games for learning as formal systems.
Towards Modelling Effective Educational Games Using Multi-Domain Framework
Authors: Ahmad Mifrah , Rahim Lukman Ab , Osman Kamisah , Arshad Noreen Izza
Published: September 2018

Game-based learning (GBL) has dominantly become an emerging teaching industry in 21st century. To provide an effective development of educational games (EG) with assurance of effectiveness, modelling and design methods are highlighted. To model EG, game developers must understand existing elements' interaction and relationships. The elements of EG have been documented in literature; however, the relationships are not well documented. Hence, this research has established these relationships by conducting a literature survey and identifying the relationships between different elements. Consequently, they are validated by eight game-based learning experts via qualitative methods and the validation results are interpreted using the hermeneutics method of the interpretivism paradigm. In this chapter, the authors present the relationships that they found most crucial to validate since they have the least literature evidence. With the relationships identified and documented, game developers will have better understanding of the interaction between each element and can produce better models of EG.
Word Formation Study in Developing Naming Guidelines in the Translation of English Medical Terms Into Persian
Authors: Zeinali Ali Akbar
Published: September 2018

Lack of appropriate equivalences for terms or technical words is the result of ineffective translation guidelines adopted in the translation process. This chapter provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of Persian medical terms, using the universal naming guidelines and local naming principles in Persian. The aim of the study is to determine the similarities and differences of the compatible and incompatible terms (Persian equivalents) with respect to the applied translation procedures and the employed word formation processes. The descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to analyze the collected data which consisted of a population of 339 English medical terms and their pairs in Persian. The research was based on two theoretical frameworks, namely Sager's naming criteria and word designation principles by the Persian Language and Literature Academy to investigate the effective translation procedures and word formation parameters for the translation of English medical terms into Persian through morphosemantic comparison of the terms.
Multimedia-Enabled Dot Codes as Communication Technologies
Authors: Ikuta Shigeru
Published: September 2018

The author has been using new dot codes developed independently by Gridmark, Inc. and Apollo Japan and conducting school activities with original handmade teaching materials overlaid with these dot codes in collaboration with schoolteachers all over the world. In the chapter, just touching the “invisible” dot codes printed on the paper or symbol icons by using a sound pen clearly reproduces voices and sounds. By using a scanner pen connected to a tablet or PC, multimedia sources such as movies, web pages, and PowerPoint files, in addition to voices and sounds, can be reproduced on its screen. In this chapter, state-of-the-art dot code technology including a recently developed new application for a smart phone is outlined, and basic information regarding the creation of original handmade materials using dot codes and the use at both general and special needs schools is presented.
Aspects of Various Community Detection Algorithms in Social Network Analysis
Authors: Dillen Nicole Belinda , Chakraborty Aruna
Published: September 2018

One of the most important aspects of social network analysis is community detection, which is used to categorize related individuals in a social network into groups or communities. The approach is quite similar to graph partitioning, and in fact, most detection algorithms rely on concepts from graph theory and sociology. The aim of this chapter is to aid a novice in the field of community detection by providing a wider perspective on some of the different detection algorithms available, including the more recent developments in this field. Five popular algorithms have been studied and explained, and a recent novel approach that was proposed by the authors has also been included. The chapter concludes by highlighting areas suitable for further research, specifically targeting overlapping community detection algorithms.
Classification of Traffic Events Notified in Social Networks' Texts
Authors: Saldana-Perez Ana Maria Magdalena , Moreno-Ibarra Marco Antonio , Torres-Ruiz Miguel Jesus
Published: September 2018

It is interesting to exploit the user-generated content (UGC) and to use it with a view to infer new data; volunteered geographic information (VGI) is a concept derived from UGC, whose main importance lies in its continuously updated data. The present approach tries to explode the use of VGI by collecting data from a social network and a RSS service; the short texts collected from the social network are written in Spanish language; text mining and a recovery information processes are applied over the data in order to remove special characters on text and to extract relevant information about the traffic events on the study area; then data are geocoded. The texts are classified by using a machine learning algorithm into five classes, each of them represents a specific traffic event or situation.
The Qualities and Potential of Social Media
Authors: Averweg Udo Richard , Leaning Marcus
Published: September 2018

In recent years social media have been clearly identified as playing a significant part in facilitating, if not causing a number of political revolutions and unexpected election results. Similarly, social media has also been considered as a way to improve organizational performance. In business and management, social media is seen as a way to empower customers and users, improve service levels through feedback loops, and generally offer an improved service users' experience of bureaucracy. In this chapter, the qualities and potential of social media can be understood to cause social change are examined. First in the background discussion to social media, new technologies are discussed. Then the four key areas of the characteristics of social media (the contemporaneity of communications, productive audiences, its dialogical and network nature, and its searchable and “taggable” nature) are explored. Finally, a number of possible trends in social media development and extrapolation are identified. From these (the self-leveraging network, deeper personal profiles and the Universal ID and identity, and hyper locality), they are extrapolated to the future.
Understanding the Potentials of Social Media in Collaborative Learning
Authors: Karahoca Adem , Yengin İlker
Published: September 2018

Social media is used daily on many occasions to form communities. More than just being a place for connecting people to larger communities, social media has become a platform technology to enable creating and sharing knowledge. Social media is a potential technology to improve collaborative learning practices. Thus, players in education field should investigate and understand the beneficial use of social media. This chapter illustrates the potential benefits of using social media in collaborative learning. Collaborative learning with social media technology is analyzed with extensive examples from the research studies. These examples are carefully reviewed by providing a critical analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of the social media on learning.
Geometrias da ficção e ficções geométricas em Se um viajante numa noite de inverno, de Italo Calvino
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Carvalho
Published: September 2018

Em 1973, Italo Calvino passou a integrar oficialmente o grupo de literatos e matemáticos Oulipo, o que aproximou o autor de discussões sobre formalismos estéticos e axiomatismos literários. Um dos desdobramentos mais evidentes dessa aproximação com a matemática em seus escritos é a desconstrução da noção de espaço literário à luz de metáforas geométricas. Tanto no plano do enunciado quanto no da enunciação, a ficção de Calvino desconstrói procedimentos de representação e narração, evidenciando a espacialidade inerente ao verbo e os paradoxos topológicos caros à ideia de um espaço literário infinito ensejado por um texto materialmente finito. Com vistas à reflexão sobre essas questões, no presente artigo analisa-se o mais célebre romance de Calvino, Se um viajante numa noite de inverno (2005), a fim de compreender como uma leitura geométrica das espacialidades dessa obra pode revelar as particularidades dimensionais da geometria calvinana – em lugar da euclidiana.
The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction on polyphenolics compounds obtained from Physalis angulata using response surface approach
Authors: Carniel Naira , Dallago Rogério Marcos , Bilibio Denise , Nunes Anderson Luiz , Bender João Paulo , Priamo Wagner Luiz
Published: September 2018

Total polyphenols content (TPC), including flavonoids (rutin, mangiferin and kaempferol) and phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic and ellagic acid) from Physalis angulata were recovered by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and quantified by UV–vis and HPLC analysis. Process parameters were assessed through a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) and a model with regression coefficient equal to 0.9640, was used to establish the optimum conditions together with its respective response surfaces. The increase of ethanol percentage and solid-liquid ratio promoted a decrease on TPC but, on the other hand, the increase in the temperature led to an increase in the extraction of these compounds. Experimental results indicated a maximum amount of total polyphenols of 1.039 mg Gallic Acid Eqivalent (GAE) g-1 of extract, 104.88, 4.04, 8.37, 58.28, 13.26 and 1.87mg.L-1 for gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, mangiferin and kaempferol, respectively.
Sudden Cardiac Death and Heart Failure
Authors: Thompson Brenda S.
Published: September 2018

Ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy are among the most common cardiovascular disease processes associated with heart failure that can lead to lethal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). With the increasing incidence of heart failure in the United States, many patients are now at risk for SCD. Nurses should understand the pathophysiology, current treatment guidelines, and the rationale for these therapies to effectively manage systolic dysfunction and to mitigate the risk of SCD. Nurses are more involved than ever with this patient population and play a key role as members of the heart failure disease management team. As a result, nurses are uniquely positioned to improve survival and reduce SCD in individuals diagnosed with left ventricular dysfunction. The purpose of this article is to increase the awareness of the risk of sudden death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Current evidence-based practice guidelines with rationale are reviewed.
In-Hospital Survival Rates Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Leeper Barbara
Published: September 2018

Survival rates associated with in-hospital cardiac arrest remain stagnant in spite of recent advances in technology. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the recent literature addressing in-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes and factors that may play a role affecting the outcomes. Recent recommendations demonstrating potential for improved outcomes are discussed.