bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review: Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Children
Authors: Rosdiana Fetri , Suswati Enny , Kusuma Irawan Fajar
Published: February 2023

Background: Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) continues to increase in incidence and severity around the world. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is commonly used to treat RCDI in adults, but its efficacy and safety in the pediatric population are infrequently studied. Here, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FMT for RCDI in children.Methods: Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Nature, Cochrane Library, and Springer to identify original studies in English language published from 2010-2020. The clinical resolution, bacterial resolution, and failure of therapy were calculated as indicators of efficacy of FMT. Adverse events were also calculated as indicators of FMT safety.Results: A total of 21 studies, with 498 pediatric patients were included in this review. There were 418/498 (84%) patients reported clinical and bacterial resolution. There were 67/498 (13%) patients who experienced FMT-related adverse events, with 97% of them had mild adverse event. There was one patient who reported FMT-related serious adverse events which were aspiration pneumonia and dehydration.Conclusion: We found evidence that supports the efficacy and safety of the use of FMT for treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection in children.
The Diagnostic Value of the Median Nerve Sonography in Chronic Phase Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Marcel , Widya Widya , Safri Ahmad Yanuar , Prihartono Joedo , Setiawan Stefanus Imanuel
Published: February 2023

Background. Ultrasound evaluation on the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients by measuring cross-sectional area (CSA) is widely known. However, studies have shown that CSA of the median nerve could vary in different demographical factors. Therefore, the cut-off CSA value for CTS in the Indonesian population could be significantly different. Purpose. To compare mean CSA of the median nerve between normal and CTS populations and establish a cut-off point of CSA to diagnose CTS. Materials and Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 40 people divided equally into CTS and normal groups. Normal and CTS subjects are determined by Electrodiagnostic study (EDx) using EMG and Nerve Conduction Study (NCS). The CSA measurement was performed at the level of the carpal tunnel inlet. Results. The mean CSA value at the level of tunnel inlet of the normal group was 8.3 ± 1.4 mm2 and for the CTS group is 15.4 ± 4.4 mm2. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed 10.6 mm2 as the cut-off point with 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity (P<0.001). Conclusion. The median nerve CSA at the tunnel inlet is significantly larger in the CTS population and the cut-off point can be recommended in detecting CTS in the Indonesian population.
Electromyogram Similarity of The Morphologically Similar Muscles
Authors: Martin Tomas Marcelino A. , Abdurachman Abdurachman , Subagyo Subagyo , Irwadi Irfiansyah
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Muscles are the largest tissue group in the body and can be classified into various classifications, one of which is based on their morphological shape. Examination of muscles, especially skeletal muscles, can use electromyography. The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscles that have similar morphology have no different electromyogram.Method: This is a descriptive observational study using needle electromyography. The sample amounted to 5 with five times MUP (Motor Unit Potential) in each musculus deltoideus and musculusResult: The mean amplitude, duration, number of voltage phases and the number of voltage turns off the musculus deltoideus and musculus gluteus medius in the study subjects were similar (p-value > 0.05).Conclusion: Muscles that have similar morphology in each parameter of amplitude, duration, number of voltage phases, and number of voltage turns do not have a significant difference in electromyogram.
Laporan Kasus: Katarak Akibat Kerja pada Buruh Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Sugiharto Sugiharto , Dewi Yunia Fitriani
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Katarak yang didapat pada pekerja perlu dibedakan apakah penyakit akibat kerja atau bukan. Buruh perkebunan kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu pekerjaan berisiko tinggi terhadap potensi bahaya di tempat kerja yang berdampak pada kesehatan, salah satunya katarak.Laporan Kasus: Seorang laki-laki 38 tahun buruh perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan keluhan kedua mata buram sejak 1,5 tahun yang lalu, mata silau apabila melihat cahaya terang, dan seperti melihat kabut. Saat bekerja terpajan sinar ultraviolet (UV) 5 jam setiap hari selama 18 tahun, tanpa kaca mata pelindung. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan visus mata kanan 6/60 dan mata kiri 6/9, kedua lensa subkapsular posterior keruh, vitreous papila kanan batas samar.Diskusi: Katarak akibat kerja pada buruh perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat disebabkan oleh pajanan sinar (UV) yang lama, tanpa menggunakan kaca mata pelindung. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan visus menurun, lensa subkapsular posterior keruh dan papilla samar. Penentuan katarak akibat kerja mengacu pada metode Tujuh Langkah Diagnosis Okupasi yang dikeluarkan PERDOKI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kedokteran Okupasi Indonesia).Kesimpulan: Katarak akibat kerja dapat didiagnosis berdasarkan metode Tujuh Langkah Diagnosis Okupasi dan dicegah dengan melakukan pengendalian administratif dan penggunaan kacamata pelindung UV.
Perbandingan Hasil Biakan Spesimen Respirasi pada Agar Miring dan Cawan Petri (Plate) di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia
Authors: Theola Jason , Mulyati Mulyati , Rozaliyani Anna , Ridhawati Ridhawati , Adawiyah Robiatul
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan utama di Indonesia merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan. Penyakit saluran pernapasan dapat diakibatkan oleh jamur, sehingga disebut mikosis paru. Jamur-jamur penyebab infeksi saluran pernapasan pada manusia terdiri atas banyak spesies mulai dari spesies-spesies Candida sp. hingga spesies jamur penyebab mikosis yang lebih patogen, yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus. Metode biakan spesimen respirasi berupa sputum dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies jamur penyebab mikosis paru. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kultur yang dapat tumbuh pada media agar saboraud dekstrosa dengan metode biakan konvensional menggunakan agar miring dan metode biakan High Volume Culture pada cawan petri (plate).Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang di mana hasil kultur diidentifikasi dari sputum yang dibiakan pada metode yang berbeda.Hasil: Metode High Volume Culture dapat menumbuhkan lebih banyak koloni jamur termasuk Aspergillus fumigatus dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional yang tidak menumbuhkan Aspergillus fumigatus. Data hasil kultur pada dua metode berbeda tersebut kemudian dianalisis korelasinya dengan uji McNemar dan didapatkan nilai kemaknaan p=0.000.Kesimpulan: Hubungan antara metode biakan dengan hasil kultur mempunyai korelasi yang signifikan (p<0.05). Metode High Volume Culture merupakan metode yang lebih baik untuk menumbuhkan lebih banyak koloni jamur termasuk Aspergillus fumigatus dibandingkan dengan metode kultur konvensional.
Penggunaan Anti TNF-α Dalam Bidang Dermatologi
Authors: Suprapto Novita , Novianto Endi , Hoemardani Aida Sofiati Dachlan
Published: February 2023

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has important roles in various inflammatory disease in dermatology, including psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, neutrophilic dermatoses, sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Behçet disease, pityriasis rubra pilaris, scleroderma and sclerosis systemic, and erythema nodosum leprosum. Therefore, TNF-a inhibitor can be a therapeutic strategy to inhibit the progression of the disease. There are five TNF-α inhibitors that have been clinically investigated, such as etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, infliximab, and golimumab. Each drug has different pharmacological profile, indication, and efficacy for different kind of diseases. However, TNF-α inhibitor also has several potential local or systemic side effects, including paradoxically increasing the risk of psoriasis.
Analgesik dan Anti-Inflamasi pada Cedera Sprain Pergelangan Kaki: Evidence Based Case Report
Authors: Chikih Chikih , Sudarsono Nani Cahyani
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Cedera sprain pergelangan kaki merupakan cedera yang sering terjadi pada aktivitas olahraga dengan angka kejadian mencapai 40%. Penatalaksanaan utama adalah dengan melakukan manajemen konservatif berupa RICE dan latihan penguatan. Namun, seiring perkembangan banyak dokter dan atlet menggunakan analgesik dan anti inflamasi sebagai pengobatan terhadap persepsi nyeri dan pembengkakan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan evidence base medicine terbaru tentang penggunaan analgesik dan anti inflamasi yang relevan pada cedera sprain pergelangan kaki.

Metode: Studi dilakukan dengan penelusuran literatur dengan menggunakan pendekatan Evidence Base Medicine. Penelusuran literatur pada 2 basis data digital PubMed dan Cochrane berdasarkan Prisma Flow Chart dan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Tidak dilakukan analisis statistik pada studi ini.

Hasil: Penelusuran diperoleh enam studi yang terdiri dari lima studi systematic review yang membahas tentang penggunaan NSAID, Opioid, Acetaminophen, dan Cox-inhibitor pada pasien cedera ankle sprain. Penggunaan NSAID sedikit bermakna dibandingkan dengan penggunaan plasebo dan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara penggunaan NSAID dengan analgesik golongan lain. Penggunaan topikal memiliki efektifitas yang dirasa lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan oral NSAID.

Kesimpulan: Penggunaan analgesik dalam kasus cedera sprain pergelangan kaki masih memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan pertimbangan utama berdasarkan persepsi nyeri pasien. Terapi konservatif merupakan pendekatan utama.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Pengobatan Metotreksat Pada Pasien Artritis ReumatoidDA PASIEN ARTRITIS REUMATOID
Authors: Fauzia Fara , Prihartono Nurhayati Adnan , Hidayat Rudy
Published: February 2023

Artritis reumatoid (AR) adalah suatu penyakit autoimun yang bersifat sistemik dan kronik yang manifestasi utamanya melibatkan persendian. Keterlambatan dalam terapi AR akan menimbulkan risiko terjadinya kerusakan dan gangguan fungsi sendi secara permanen, hingga meningkatnya risiko mortalitas. Diagnosis sedini mungkin yang diikuti dengan terapi yang tepat, akan mencegah berbagai komplikasi akibat AR ini, dengan target untuk mencapai kondisi remisi atau minimal aktifitas penyakit rendah. Terapi utama AR saat ini adalah kelompok obat disease modifying anti-rheumathic drugs (DMARDs), dengan metotreksat (MTX) sebagai pilihan pertama. Berbagai studi telah melaporkan berbagai faktor yang berperan terhadap keberhasilan terapi MTX, antara lain faktor usia yang lebih muda, jenis kelamin laki-laki, indeks massa tubuh yang normal, tidak merokok, onset mulai terapi yang cepat, faktor peradangan (LED/CRP) dan faktor serologi (RF/anti-CCP) negatif.
Ứng dụng công nghệ giảm áp suất tức thì trong sản xuất bột thực phẩm
Authors: Nguyễn Đức Quang
Published: February 2023

Quy trình sản xuất bột thực phẩm luôn hướng tới việc đáp ứng được nhu cầu của người tiêu dùng về sản phẩm bột có chất lượng cao và an toàn. Các quy trình sản xuất bột thông thường hiện nay cho thấy một số hạn chế về mặt chất lượng và chi phí sản xuất cao. Công nghệ giảm áp suất tức thì sử dụng hơi nước ở áp suất cao và thời gian xử lý ngắn đã mang lại cho nguyên vật liệu một cấu trúc sinh học mới có nhiều lỗ rỗng và được xem là một giải pháp để khắc phục hiện tượng co rút sản phẩm sau quá trình sấy. Bài báo này nhằm giới thiệu một quy trình sản xuất mới và hệ thống lại một số kết quả nghiên cứu đã đạt được. Bằng cách chèn thêm một giai đoạn xử lý bằng công nghệ giảm áp suất tức thì vào quy trình sản xuất bột thông thường, nhiều tính chất vật lý của bột đã được cải thiện, khả năng nhiễm vi sinh vật giảm đáng kể, hàm lượng vitamin trong sản phẩm giữ được cao hơn và thời gian sấy giảm mạnh giúp giảm được tiêu hao năng lượng trong sản xuất
Phân tích và tổng hợp hệ thống điều khiển bền vững sử dụng bộ điều khiển pi cho cần tiếp điện của tàu điện
Authors: Lê Hùng Lân , Nguyễn Văn Tiềm , Nguyễn Văn Hải
Published: February 2023

Hệ thống điều khiển tiếp xúc giữa cần tiếp điện và dây điện lưới có vai trò quan trọng trong đảm bảo chất lượng cung cấp điện cho tàu đường sắt khi chuyển động. Nhiệm vụ của hệ thống điều khiển là đảm bảo lực tiếp xúc giữa cần và dây được ổn định trong điều kiện độ cứng của cần thay đổi khi trượt theo dây. Các công trình đã công bố trước đây thường giả thiết độ cứng của cần là cố định để tính toán tham số PID rồi mô phỏng thay đổi độ cứng để kiểm tra có ổn định bền vững hay không. Cách làm này không triệt để, tin cậy. Bài báo đưa ra phương pháp phân tích và tổng hợp bộ điều khiển PI bền vững cho hệ thống cần-dây khi độ cứng này thay đổi. Phương pháp kiểm tra tính ổn định bền vững của hệ thống khi độ cứng của cần thay đổi được lập luận và chứng minh toán học chặt chẽ. Phương pháp này có tính đơn giản và trực quan, dễ hiểu. Hiệu quả của phương pháp đã đưa ra được đánh giá thông qua mô phỏng trên máy tính bằng phần mềm Matlab
Influence of the jet tilt angle on geometrical characteristics of the milled pocket on aluminum alloy Al6065
Authors: Van Hung Bui , Anh Vu Ngo , Quang Son Khuong
Published: February 2023

The abrasive water jet (AWJ) is a non-traditional process that can be employed to machine a variety of materials that are significantly difficult to machine using conventional machining processes. This paper presents an experimental investigation conducted to evaluate the influence of the jet tilt angle, a kinematic process parameter, on the characteristics of the milled pocket as milling aluminium alloy 6065. The influences of this parameter are assessed by measuring differences in the depth of the milled pocket, the width, and the slope of the pocket wall. It is found that as the jet tilt angle decreases, it has a significant influence on characteristics of the milled pocket due to changing the material removal mechanism during the erosion process. Insight the influence of the jet tilt angle, this work paves a good fundamental for developing strategies for controlled 3D AWJ machining of complex shapes and improving the quality of the milled surfaces
THE EFFECT OF TEACHER COMPETENCE ON THE QUALITY OF LEARNING IN SMP NEGERI 5 GORONTALO
Authors: Monoarfa Novita , Mashudi Imam , Hamzah Aryati
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of teacher competence on the quality of learning in SMP Negeri 5 Gorontalo.This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data with data sourced from observations, questionnaires and documentation. The population in this study amounted to 30 teachers.The results of this study were hypothesis testing in order to be able to test the influence of teacher competence on the quality of learning to have a positive and significant effect on the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 5 Gorontalo. This is shown from the analysis of hypothesis testing data, resulting in a positive regression coefficient of 0.459 and a significant level of 0.459 > 0.05 so that it can be concluded that teacher competence has a positive effect on the quality of learning in SMP Negeri 5 Gorontalo.
An Evaluation of the Structural Change of the Agrarian Sector in Kerala
Authors: T. D. Aswani , Varghese Evin
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The study made an effort to look into Kerala's agricultural development patterns, growth performance, and structural changes. In Kerala, commercial cash crops like rubber and coconut replaced food crops including lentils, rice, tapioca, cashew nuts, and ginger, causing a shift in the cropping pattern in favour of non-food crops at the expense of food crops. Agriculture has become more vulnerable as a result of the shrinking cultivable area, the predominance of small and dispersed holdings, the fall in agricultural labour, and cultivator use.
Methodology: The methodology used in this study is Descriptive Research, which is mainly concerned with secondary data sources. Books, newspapers, journals, articles, and government websites are used to gather secondary data. The information has been collected by using the keywords - sectoral wise changes, structural transformation, agricultural development, commercial agriculture, and agribusinesses. The required articles were obtained by electronic search and manually screened.
Originality: The significance of the current study rests in the fact that the preceding studies have not yet addressed the entire structural transformation of Kerala's agrarian sector in a thorough and comprehensive manner, making it necessary.
Value: By examining the productivity of the sector, the study will aid in determining the change in trends of agriculture scenario in Kerala and the problems of agriculture sector in Kerala.
Findings: The study discovered that while the employment share of the primary sector has not decreased in pace with the substantial reduction in its part of the GSDP. Furthermore, there has been only a little increase in the percentage of income from the secondary sector in the GSDP due to the excess labour force moving from the primary to the secondary sectors, which has led to abundance in the latter. In Kerala, the changes in land use patterns over the past few decades were unparalleled in terms of deforestation, growth in current fallow land, expansion of non-agricultural land, and decreases in net sowing and gross crop area, which led to a drop in cropping intensity.
Paper Type: Descriptive study
Exploring the Use of Facial Attributes in Personality-Driven Recommendation Systems (FABaRS): A Survey
Authors: San Sequeira  , Dr. Amol Jogalekar
Published: February 2023

Modern computing systems are designed to provide a personalised experience for the user. They use a variety of techniques, such as machine learning and data analytics, to tailor their interactions and results to the user's needs and preferences. This paper aims to provide an updated survey of the state of facial attribute-based personality-aware computing used specifically in recommender systems, with a focus on recent developments. The objective of this study is to outline the current themes and directions of research in the field of facial attribute-based personality-aware computing for recommenders and to provide insights into potential future developments in this area.
DIFICULDADES ENFRENTADAS PELOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NO PROCESSO DE DOAÇÃO E TRANSPLANTE DE ÓRGÃOS
Authors: Lemes Gabriella Pereira , Costa Bárbara Rodrigues , Cabral Iza Eduarda Garcia , Pereira Natalyna Vale , Martins Anaian Carla Vieira Calixto , De Oliveira Maria Aurea Soares
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: esse trabalho busca desvendar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais de saúde no processo de doação e transplante de órgãos no Brasil. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica, realizada nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), SciELO, Lilacs e Pubmed,  nos idiomas de publicação português e  inglês, período de publicação entre 2018 e 2022, somando o total de 11 artigos para a amostra final da revisão. Conclusão: Conclui-se que apesar dos avanços nos últimos anos e do papel de destaque do sistema de saúde público do Brasil na doação e transplante de órgãos, os profissionais de saúde ainda enfrentam empecilhos na efetivação do processo. Dentre eles merece destaque a falta de capacitação adequada da equipe multidisciplinar, que impulsiona um fator de extremo enfoque na literatura: a recusa familiar.
Introduction
Authors: Hasselaar Jan Jorrit
Published: February 2023

This chapter introduces hope, based on the work of Jonathan Sacks, as a
possible alternative to pessimism and optimism in dealing with radical
uncertainty in climate change. Sacks’ understanding of hope can be
seen as an account of the good life, a renewed way of doing theology.
Understood in this way, hope highlights key assumptions for addressing
radical uncertainty: (1) emunah (a type of trust), (2) chessed (a type of love,
including the covenant), and (3) change of identity (including the Sabbath).
The chapter brings in Wentzel van Huyssteen’s postfoundational approach
to explore the relevance of an interdisciplinary conversation between
theology and economics for a social response to radical uncertainty in
the context of climate change.
Stating the Problem: Radical
Uncertainty
Authors: Hasselaar Jan Jorrit
Published: February 2023

The aim here is to state the problem of this research. Based on a review of
economic research on climate change, it is argued that radical uncertainty,
the uncertainty inherent in the human condition, is not adequately addressed
by the critical assumptions underlying conventional economic
modelling, in particular the social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA). This is
supported by an illustration of a controversy between leading economists
William Nordhaus and Nicolas Stern. Following Dan Rodrik’s approach
to economics, the critical assumptions underlying SCBA are questioned,
resulting in the necessity for alternative assumptions to address more
properly radical uncertainty. After an overview of economic literature on
radical uncertainty, the study chooses a theological track to investigate
alternative critical assumptions. There follows a review of eco-theology,
which leads to the work of Jonathan Sacks.
Transversal Reasoning on Narrative
Authors: Hasselaar Jan Jorrit
Published: February 2023

This chapter continues transversal reasoning (TR) with a conversation
between Sacks and John Kay & Mervyn King on narrative. The reason for
TR is to explore its relevance for a social response to radical uncertainty
in the context of climate change. TR between Sacks and Kay & King
orients us to narrative reasoning as a distinct way of knowing to address
radical uncertainty in climate change. In TR, Sacks’ interpretation of the
narrative of the Exodus provides a hopeful answer to the question of Kay
and King: What is going on? In TR a narrative of hope is then developed
in a lecture to be held at a climate summit. The chapter brings to an end
the TR that started in chapter 5.
Clockwork Plants and Shakespeare’s
Overlapping Notions of Time
Authors: Wilson Miranda
Published: February 2023

This paper explores how the human body’s relationship to time often
emerges as both mechanical and plant-like in the writings of an array of
early modern authors. Starting with a sunflower clock theorized by Athanasius
Kircher, I move into a discussion on how early modern time-sense
relies on multiple forms of temporal experience, including the mechanical,
the organic, and the environmental. Using Shakespeare as well as the work
of horticultural writers, I explore how early modern notions of “keeping
time” trouble Aristotelean divisions between organic forms, and how they
suggest kinship between the vegetative and the human.
Big Data and the Global South
Authors: Mutsvairo Bruce
Published: February 2023

This contribution identifies and critiques the role that dialogue could
play as an important tool in bridging the gap between Northern and
Southern imaginaries, perceptions and realities on the presence of data
mining corporates in Africa, Latin America, the Arab World, Asia and
other regions of the world that do not associate themselves with the
highly industrialized West. Coming at a time when cynicism over the
presence of Silicon Valley and other major data players in Africa and
other non-Western regions of the world has been growing, a stakeholders’
dialogue to openly discuss and conscientize all parties on how and why
the presence of these major tech players may be deemed unwelcome by
locals and other observers.
Sustainability of the effect of optical intervention on the reading performance of children with dyslexia
Authors: Omar Rokiah , Mazuwir Muhammad Hafizuddin , Majumder Chiranjib
Published: February 2023

Background: Dyslexia is a learning disability associated with reading difficulties in children. Due to the potential of poor school outcomes interventions have been employed to help students with dyslexia read. This study was aimed at identifying the sustainability of the effect of combined Visual Tracking Magnifier (VTM) and Ministry of Education (MOE) interventions and MOE intervention alone on the reading performance of school children with dyslexia after discontinuation of intervention.

Methods: This prospective, interventional study was conducted on primary school children with dyslexia aged 8 – 11 years. The participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic and optometric examinations and were categorized into groups A, B, and C, comprising primary school children at level 1 or 2. Groups A and B received combined VTM and MOE interventions for 12 and 24 weeks, respectively, and group C received MOE intervention alone. The reading performance was assessed at baseline and 12, 24, and 36 weeks post-intervention.Results: Both components of the reading performance improved significantly for school children at both levels in all study groups (all P < 0.05). However, the reading performance improvement was only approximately 28% in group C and 38% – 50% in groups A and B. In group A, students at level 1 showed significantly improved reading speed from baseline to 12 weeks post-VTM intervention and reading rate from baseline to 24 weeks post-VTM intervention (both P < 0.05). Students at level 2 showed significantly improved reading speed and rate from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks post-VTM intervention (all P < 0.05). In group B, students at both levels showed significantly improved reading speed and rate from baseline to 24 and 36 weeks post-VTM intervention (all P < 0.05). Students at level 2 showed significantly improved reading speed 12 weeks after cessation of intervention (at 36 weeks post-VTM intervention) compared to 24 weeks post-VTM intervention (P < 0.05). The improvement remaining stable 12 weeks after discontinuation of intervention indicated a sustained effect.Conclusions: Combined or individual intervention improved the reading performance of school children with dyslexia at levels 1 and 2. However, combined intervention showed a better reading improvement effect. Improvement in the reading performance was maintained after discontinuation of the VTM intervention. Further interventional studies with a longer study period after discontinuation of this optical intervention are required to confirm the long-term sustainability of its positive effects on the reading performance of school children with dyslexia.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah Dalam Manajemen PAUD
Authors: Harefa Darmianus , Kumpangpune Noni , Tumbelaka Ricky Ernest
Published: February 2023

Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini memiliki tantangannya sendiri dalam mengelola dan memenejerial Lembaga Pendidikan. Kompleksitas yanga dihadapi kepala sekolah dalam memimpin Lembaga Pendidikan PAUD agar semua unsur dalam lembaga dapat bersama-sama secara aktif dan optimal dalam mencapai tujuan, maka diperlukan kecakapan sebagai pemimpin dan sekaligus manajerial. Pada  penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kepustakanan. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan argument bahwa gaya kepemimpin kepala sekolah yang transformasional akan lebih baik dalam mempengaruhi, menggerakkan, memotivasi semua unsur dalam lembaga pendidikan, sehingga tujuan dan visi dari lembaga pendidikan PAUD tercapai. Pendekatan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah PAUD yang transformasional dapat  secara bersama  serta komponen-kompon  sekolah menjadi Tim yang saling mendukung.

 

The leadership of the Head of the School of Early childhood Education has its own challenges in managing and memenejerial Educational Institutions. The complexity of yanga faced the head of school in leading Educational Institutions of early childhood education so that all elements in the institution can be together actively and optimal in achieving the goals, then the necessary skills as a leader and at the same time managerial. In this study, using methods of analysis kepustakanan. The results of this study provide the argument that the style of leadership the head of the school of transformational would be better in affect, move, motivate all the elements in the educational institutions, so that the goals and vision of the institution of early childhood education achieved. The approach of the leadership style of the head of the school of early childhood education transformational can be shared as well as the components of the school to be the Team that support each other.
PEMURIDAN SEORANG AYAH TERHADAP ANAK DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Purba Asmat , Sampaleng Donna , Manao Martin L. , Nainggolan Alon M.
Published: February 2023

Artikel ini membicarakan pentingnya pemuridan dilakukan seorang ayah terhadap anak-anak dalam keluarga. Bagaimana  kedudukan dan peranan ayah sebagai imam yang melaksanakan pemuridan kepada anak-anak dalam keluarga. Dalam artikel ini akan dibicarakan kualitas keluarga yang disebabkan oleh seorang ayah yang melakukan perannya yakni memuridkan anak-anak dalam keluarga. Tujuan dari artikel ini ialah: pertama, untuk mengingatkan para ayah agar mereka peduli terhadap pendidikan rohani anak-anak mereka yang dapat dimulai dari anak yang baru lahir hingga dewasa. Kedua, agar pendidikan rohani anak-anak dalam keluarga dilakukan secara merata baik kepada anak-anak. Seorang ayah bertanggung jawab untuk menjaga kualitas pendidikan rohani anak selama mereka masih berada di rumah. Ketiadaan pemuridan seorang ayah terhadap anak-anaknya akan mengakibatkan lemahnya keimaman dalam keluarga dan mudahnya meninggalkan imannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif  analisis. Di akhir pembahasan dikemukakan model pemuridan seorang ayah dalam keluarga sebagai usulan.
Peran Orang Tua dalam Mendidik Kerohanian AnakUsia Dini Berdasarkan Ulangan 6
Authors: Budiman Sabda
Published: February 2023

The main and early education centers also started from the family environment. One of the important aspects that needs to be educated is the spirituality of the child. Parents have a responsibility to work on this. This spiritual education needs to be done from an early age, given that this age is the age at which the child can easily record, imitate and digest what he sees and feels. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to explain the role of parents in educating early childhood spirituality based on Deuteronomy 6. The author uses qualitative research methods. The role of parents in educating early childhood spirituality based on deuteronomy chapter 6 is by teaching the values of truth repeatedly, inviting children to worship God, and telling the history of the experience of faith with God to children. The main purpose is for the child to know and accept the Savior and live more and more like Christ.

 

Pusat pendidikan utama dan mula-mula juga berawal dari lingkungan keluarga. Salah satu aspek penting yang perlu dididik ialah kerohanian anak. Orang tua memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mengerjakan ini. Pendidikan kerohanian ini perlu dilakukann sejak anak usia dini, mengingat bahwa usia ini adalah usia di mana anak mudah merekam, meniru dan mencerna apa yang ia lihat dan rasakan. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini ialah untuk memaparkan peran orang tua dalam mendidik kerohanian anak usia dini berdasarkan Ulangan 6. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun peran orang tua dalam mendidik kerohanian anak usia dini berdasarkan kitab Ulangan pasal 6 yaitu dengan cara mengajarkan nilai-nilai kebenaran dengan berulang-ulang, mengajak anak untuk beribadah kepada Tuhan, dan menceritaan sejarah pengalaman iman bersama Tuhan kepada anak. Tujuan utamanya ialah supaya anak mengenal dan menerima Sang Juruselamat serta hidup terus bertumbuh semakin serupa dengan Kristus.
Analisa Jabatan Human Resource Development di Pre School Happy Holy Kids
Authors: Waturandang Mellisa Marhet Florensia , Lausan Mariana Lusye Marlyn , Pinontoan Eightmarc Louis Johanes
Published: February 2023

Sumber Daya Manusia yang tepat  sangat dibutuhkan sekarang ini salah satunya Posisi Human Resources development, dimana jabatan ini dapat membantu Organisasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja yang juga dibutuhkan oleh banyak organisasi khususnya Pre School, Happy Holy Kids sebagai salah satu Lembaga Pendidikan Juga membutuhkan Posisi jabatan Human Resources Development dimana posisi ini dapat mengahasilkan sumber daya manusia yang tepat  akan tetapi masih banyak Posisi jabatan Human Resources Development  yang belum memiliki analisa jabatan sehingga  mengakibatkan over lapping pekerjaan sehingga harus dilakukan analisa jabatan pada Posisi Human Resources Development di Pre school Happy Holy Kids. Metode yang dipakai dalam melakukan analisa jabatan adalah Observasi dan wawancara. Dari Hasil Analisa Jabatan didapatkan Job deskription dan Job Spesification yang dihasilkan untuk Posisi jabatan Human Resources Development di Pre School Happy Holy Kids yang akan dipakai sebagai panduan dalam melaksanakan Tugas dan tanggung jawab pemangku jabatan.
Näkyvätkö suomalaisen korkeakoulupolitiikan kristallipallossa lukukausimaksut?
Authors: Poutanen Mikko J.
Published: February 2023

Tämä katsausartikkeli pohtii kaikkien opiskelijoiden lukuvuosi- tai lukukausimaksujen todennäköisyyttä osana suomalaisen korkeakoulupolitiikan akateemisen kapitalismin kehityksen jatkumoa. Etenkin talouden ja liike-elämän toimijat ovat jo pitkään pitäneet lukukausimaksuja tarpeellisina suomalaisen korkeakoulutuksen laadun turvaamiseksi ja pääosin julkisrahoitteisen korkeakoulutuksen rahoituspohjan laajentamiseksi. Katsaus hyödyntää aiempaa lukukausimaksukeskustelua sekä poliittisissa asiakirjoissa että julkisuudessa ja pohtii, miten lukukausimaksuja saatettaisiin edistää puoluepoliittisen järjestelmän ulkopuolelta käsitteellisesti ja osana laajentuvaa yliopistoautonomiaa. Katsaus myös lyhyesti käsittelee lukukausimaksujen kansainvälisiä kokemuksia ja sitä, miten ne edistävät julkisten palveluiden siirtymistä entistä vahvemmin finansialisaation piiriin.
A modular field system for near-surface, vertical profiling of the atmospheric composition in harsh environments using cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Seidl Andrew W. , Sodemann Harald , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) has allowed for increasingly widespread, in situ observations of trace gases, including the stable isotopic composition of water vapor.
However, gathering observations in harsh environments still poses challenges, particularly in regard to observing the small-scale exchanges taking place between the surface and atmosphere.
It is especially important to resolve the vertical structure of these processes.
We have designed the ISE-CUBE system as a modular CRDS deployment system for profiling stable water isotopes in the surface layer, specifically the lowermost 2 m above the surface. We tested the system during a 2-week field campaign during February–March 2020 in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway, with ambient temperatures down to −30 ∘C.
The system functioned suitably throughout the campaign, with field periods exhibiting only a marginal increase in isotopic measurement uncertainty (30 %) as compared to optimal laboratory operation.
Over the 2 m profiling range, we have been able to measure and resolve gradients on the temporal and spatial scales needed in an Arctic environment.
Alkalinity biases in CMIP6 Earth System Models and implications for simulated CO2 drawdown via artificial alkalinity enhancement
Authors: Hinrichs Claudia , Köhler Peter , Völker Christoph , Hauck Judith
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The partitioning of CO2 between atmosphere and ocean depends to a large degree not only on the amount of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) but also of alkalinity in the surface ocean. That is also why, in the context of negative emission approaches ocean alkalinity enhancement is discussed as one potential approach. Although alkalinity is thus an important variable of the marine carbonate system little knowledge exists how its representation in models compares with measurements. We evaluated the large-scale alkalinity distribution in 14 CMIP6 models against the observational data set GLODAPv2 and showed that most models as well as the multi-model-mean underestimate alkalinity at the surface and in the upper ocean, while overestimating alkalinity in the deeper ocean. The decomposition of the global mean alkalinity biases into contributions from physical processes (preformed alkalinity), remineralization, and carbonate formation and dissolution showed that the bias stemming from the physical redistribution of alkalinity is dominant. However, below the upper few hundred meters the bias from carbonate dissolution can become similarly important as physical biases, while the contribution from remineralization processes is negligible. This highlights the critical need for better understanding and quantification of processes driving calcium carbonate dissolution in microenvironments above the saturation horizons, and implementation of these processes into biogeochemical models. For the application of the models to assess the potential of ocean alkalinity enhancement to increase ocean carbon uptake and counteract ocean acidification, a back-of-the-envelope calculation was conducted with each model’s global mean surface alkalinity and DIC as input parameters. We find that the degree of compensation of DIC and alkalinity biases at the surface is more important for the marine CO2 uptake capacity than the alkalinity biases themselves. The global mean surface alkalinity bias relative to GLODAPv2 in the different models ranges from -85 mmol kg-1 (-3.6 %) to +50 mmol kg-1 (+2.1 %) (mean: -25 mmol kg-1 or -1.1 %), while for DIC the relative bias ranges from -55 mmol kg-1 (-2.6 %) to 53 mmol kg-1 (+2.5 %) (mean: -13 mmol kg-1 or -0.6 %). Because of this partial compensation, all but two of the CMIP6 models evaluated here overestimate the Revelle factor at the surface and thus overestimate the CO2-draw-down after alkalinity addition by up to 13 % and pH increase by up to 7.2 %. This overestimate has to be taken into account when reporting on efficiencies of ocean alkalinity enhancement experiments using CMIP6 models.
Annual forest maps in the contiguous United States during 2015–2017 from analyses of PALSAR-2 and Landsat images
Authors: Wang Jie , Xiao Xiangming , Qin Yuanwei , Dong Jinwei , Zhang Geli , Yang Xuebin , Wu Xiaocui , Biradar Chandrashekhar , Hu Yang
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Annual forest maps at a high spatial resolution are necessary for forest management and conservation. Large uncertainties remain among the existing forest maps, because of different forest definitions, satellite datasets, in-situ training datasets, and mapping algorithms. In this study, we generated annual forest maps and evergreen forest maps at a 30-m resolution in the Contiguous United States (CONUS) during 2015–2017 by integrating microwave data (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR-2)) and optical data (Landsat) using Knowledge-based algorithms. The resultant PALSAR-2/Landsat-based forest maps (PL-Forest) were compared with five major forest datasets in the CONUS: (1) the Landsat tree canopy cover from Global Forest Watch datasets (GFW-Forest), (2) the Landsat Vegetation Continuous Field datasets (Landsat VCF-Forest), (3) the National Land Cover Database 2016 (NLCD-Forest), (4) the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) forest maps (JAXA-Forest), and (5) the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data from the USDA Forest Service (FIA-Forest). The forest structure data (tree canopy height and canopy coverage) derived from the lidar observations of the Geoscience Laser Altimetry System (GLAS) onboard of NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-1) were used to assess the five forest datasets derived from satellite images. Using the forest definition by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, more forest pixels from the PL-Forest maps meet the FAO’s forest definitions than the GFW-, Landsat VCF-, and JAXA-Forest datasets. Forest area estimates from the PL-Forest were close to those from the FIA-Forest statistics but higher than the GFW-Forest, NLCD-Forest and lower than the Landsat VCF-Forest, which highlights the potential of using both PL-Forest and FIA-Forest datasets to support the FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment. Furthermore, the PL-based annual evergreen forest maps (PL-Evergreen Forest) showed reasonable consistency with the NLCD product. Together with our previous work in South America and monsoon Asia, this study further demonstrates the potential of integrating PALSAR and Landsat images for developing annual forest maps and forest-type maps at high spatial resolution across the scales from region to the globe, which could be used to support FAO Global Forest Resources Assessments. The PL-Forest and PL-Evergreen Forest datasets are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21270261 (Wang et al., 2022).
Simulating heat and CO2 fluxes in Beijing using SUEWS V2020b: Sensitivity to vegetation phenology and maximum conductance
Authors: Zheng Yingqi , Havu Minttu , Liu Huizhi , Cheng Xueling , Wen Yifan , Lee Hei Shing , Ahongshangbam Joyson , Järvi Leena
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) has recently been introduced to include a bottomup approach to modelling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and sink in urban areas. In this study, SUEWS is evaluated against radiation flux observations and eddy covariance (EC) measured turbulent fluxes of sensible heat (QH), latent heat (QE), and CO2 (FC) at a densely built neighborhood in Beijing. The model sensitivity to maximum conductance (gmax) and leaf area index (LAI) is examined. Site-specific gmax is obtained from observations over local vegetation species, and LAI parameters by optimization with remotely sensed LAI obtained from a MODIS/Terra data product. For simulation of anthropogenic CO2 components, local traffic and population data are collected. In model evaluation, the mismatch between the measurement source area and simulation domain is also considered. Using the optimized gmax and LAI, the modelling of heat fluxes is noticeably improved, showing higher correlation with observations, lower bias, and more realistic seasonal dynamics of QE and QH. In comparison to heat fluxes, the FC module shows lower sensitivity to the choice of gmax and LAI. This can be explained by the low relative contribution of vegetation to net FC in the modelled area. SUEWS successfully reproduces the average diurnal cycle of FC and annual cumulative sums. Depending on the size of the simulation domain, the modelled annual accumulated FC ranges from 7.2 to 8.5 kg C m−2 yr−1, when compared to 7.5 kg C m−2 yr−1 observed by EC. Traffic is the dominant CO2 source, contributing 63–73 % to the annual total CO2 emissions, followed by human metabolism (14–18 %), respiration released by vegetation and soil (6–11 %) and building heating (6–9 %). Vegetation photosynthesis offsets only 4–8 % of the total CO2 emissions. We highlight the importance of choosing optimal LAI parameters and gmax when SUEWS is used to model surface fluxes. The FC module of SUEWS is a promising tool in quantifying urban CO2 emissions at the local scale, and therefore assisting to mitigate urban CO2 emissions.
Spatial snowpack properties in a snow-avalanche release area: An extreme dry-slab avalanche case on Mt. Nodanishoji, Japan, in 2021
Authors: Katsuyama Yuta , Katsushima Takafumi , Adachi Satoru , Takeuchi Yukari
Published: February 2023

Abstract. An extreme dry-slab snow-avalanche occurred on 10 Jan. 2021 at Mt. Nodanishoji, Gifu, Japan, during a heavy snowfall. The avalanche ran down approximately 2,800 m and caused damage to trees and infrastructures. Although this avalanche was estimated to be the second largest in Japan, physical snowpack properties and their vertical structure and spatial distribution, that caused the avalanche, were not addressed in the release area just after the avalanche fall, mainly due to unsafe and lousy weather. Based on a snow depth distribution observed by an unmanned aerial vehicle and a numerical snowpack simulation in the avalanche release area, the spatial distributions of the mechanical snowpack stability and slab mass and their temporal evolutions were estimated in this study. The procedure was validated by comparing the calculation results with the observed snowpit and spatial snow depth data. The results indicated that two heavy snowfall events, ~3 and 10 days before the avalanche onset, generated two different weak layers made of precipitation particles and associated slabs above other weak layers. The older weak layer was only generated on the northward slope due to its low temperature, whereas the newer layer was predominant over the avalanche release area. The fraction of contributions of the slabs associated with the two weak layers to the total slab mass over the calculation domain was found to be 1 : 2.
Petrology of the Havre 2012 rhyolite pumice raft: Reassessing evidence for deep sea explosive eruptions
Authors:   , Knafelc Joseph
Published: February 2023

The Havre 2012 submarine eruption produced a historically large volume pumice raft (~1.2 km3) from a volcano lying 900 meters below sea level. The eruption was not witnessed, given its remote location in the SW Pacific Ocean and deep-water setting. In this thesis, physical and chemical characterisation of the Havre 2012 pumice raft revealed an explosive phase of the eruption produced the pumice raft. The evidence of an explosive eruption at Havre presented in this thesis demonstrated that submarine explosive eruption columns can penetrate the atmosphere from greater water depths (~ 1 km) than previously considered.
Peace journalism and conflict reporting practices in Myanmar
Authors:   , Myint Zin Mar
Published: February 2023

This thesis presents a case study of news coverage of the conflict between the Muslim and Buddhist communities in Rakhine State, Myanmar framed by Galtung’s normative framework of peace journalism and Shoemaker and Reese’s hierarchy of influences model and informed by survey and interview research. This thesis found news immediacy, restricted access to sources, limited organisational support, and restricted press freedom to have negative impacts on the journalistic routines of journalists in Myanmar to portray the conflict situation from multiple perspectives that could promote peacebuilding.
A Conversation with Linda Hutcheon on Film Adaptation
Authors: Pascal Marie
Published: February 2023

Linda Hutcheon is a pioneer on cinema adaptation, with her book A Theory of Adaptation (2006), where she envisions adaptation as a transmedial process rather than as a faithful relationship a film must respect with a book. She has rejuvenated research in the field, overwhelmed dead-ends encountered by the adaptation critique, and offered thrilling perspectives on how to conceive such relationships between medias as different as comics, novels, drama, opera, video games, etc. Although her research interests now shifted to the operatic genre, she was as kind as to answer my questions for this first dossier of Transcr(é)ation.