bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notably improved inversion of differential mobility particle sizer data obtained under conditions of fluctuating particle number concentrations
Authors: Mølgaard Bjarke , Vanhatalo Jarno , Aalto Pasi P. , Prisle Nønne L. , Hämeri Kaarle
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) is designed for measurements of particle number size distributions. It performs a number of measurements while scanning over different particle sizes. A standard assumption in the data-processing (inversion) algorithm is that the size distribution remains the same throughout each scan. For a DMPS deployed in an urban area this assumption is likely to be violated most of the time, and the resulting size distribution data are unreliable. To improve the reliability, we developed a new algorithm using a statistical model in which the problematic assumption was replaced with more realistic smoothness assumptions, which were expressed through Gaussian process prior probabilities. We tested the model with data from a twin DMPS located at an urban background site in Helsinki and found that it provides size distribution data which are much more realistic. Furthermore, particle number concentrations extracted from the DMPS data were compared with data from a condensation particle counter. At 10 min resolution, the correlation for a period of 10 days was 0.984 with the new algorithm and 0.967 with the old one. Moreover, the time resolution was improved, and at 30 s resolution we obtained positive correlations for 89 % of the scans. Thus, the quality of the inverted data was clearly improved.
Comparison of hidden and observed regime-switching autoregressive models for (u, v)-components of wind fields in the northeastern Atlantic
Authors: Bessac Julie , Ailliot Pierre , Cattiaux Julien , Monbet Valerie
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Several multi-site stochastic generators of zonal and meridional components of wind are proposed in this paper. A regime-switching framework is introduced to account for the alternation of intensity and variability that is observed in wind conditions due to the existence of different weather types. This modeling blocks time series into periods in which the series is described by a single model. The regime-switching is modeled by a discrete variable that can be introduced as a latent (or hidden) variable or as an observed variable. In the latter case a clustering algorithm is used before fitting the model to extract the regime. Conditional on the regimes, the observed wind conditions are assumed to evolve as a linear Gaussian vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Various questions are explored, such as the modeling of the regime in a multi-site context, the extraction of relevant clusterings from extra variables or from the local wind data, and the link between weather types extracted from wind data and large-scale weather regimes derived from a descriptor of the atmospheric circulation. We also discuss the relative advantages of hidden and observed regime-switching models. For artificial stochastic generation of wind sequences, we show that the proposed models reproduce the average space–time motions of wind conditions, and we highlight the advantage of regime-switching models in reproducing the alternation of intensity and variability in wind conditions.
Ocean acidification in the North Atlantic: controlling mechanisms
Authors: García-Ibáñez Maribel I. , Zunino Patricia , Fröb Friederike , Carracedo Lidia I. , Ríos Aida F. , Mercier Herlé , Olsen Are , Pérez Fiz  F.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Repeated hydrographic sections provide critically needed data on, and understanding of, changes in basin-wide ocean CO2 chemistry over multi-decadal timescales. Here, high-quality measurements collected at thirteen cruises carried out along the same track between 1981 and 2015, have been used to determine long-term changes in ocean CO2 chemistry and ocean acidification in the Irminger and Iceland basins of the North Atlantic Ocean. Trends were determined for each of the main water masses present and are discussed in the context of the basin-wide circulation. The pH has decreased in all water masses of the Irminger and Iceland basins over the past 34 years, with the greatest changes in surface and intermediate waters (between −0.0008 ± 0.0001 pH units yr−1 and −0.0013 ± 0.0001 pH units yr−1). In order to disentangle the drivers of the pH changes, we decomposed the trends into their principal drivers: changes in temperature, salinity, total alkalinity (AT) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (both its natural and anthropogenic components). The increase of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) was identified as the main agent of the pH decline, partially offset by AT increases. The acidification of intermediate waters caused by Cant uptake has been reinforced by the aging of the water masses over the period of our analysis. The pH decrease of the deep overflow waters of the Irminger basin was similar to that observed in the upper ocean, and was mainly linked to the Cant increase, thus reflecting the recent contact of these deep waters with the atmosphere.
The effect of low ancient greenhouse climate temperature gradients on the ocean's overturning circulation
Authors: Sijp Willem P. , England Matthew H.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We examine whether the reduced meridional temperature gradients of past greenhouse climates might have reduced oceanic overturning, leading to a more quiescent subsurface ocean. A substantial reduction of the pole-to-Equator temperature difference is achieved in a coupled climate model via an altered radiative balance in the atmosphere. Contrary to expectations, we find that the meridional overturning circulation and deep ocean kinetic energy remain relatively unaffected. Reducing the wind strength also has remarkably little effect on the overturning. Instead, overturning strength depends on deep ocean density gradients, which remain relatively unaffected by the surface changes, despite an overall decrease in ocean density. Ocean poleward heat transport is significantly reduced only in the Northern Hemisphere, as now the circulation operates across a reduced temperature gradient, suggesting a sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere heat transport in greenhouse climates to the overturning circulation. These results indicate that climate models of the greenhouse climate during the Cretaceous and early Paleogene may yield a reasonable overturning circulation, despite failing to fully reproduce the extremely reduced temperature gradients of those time periods.
Proof of concept: temperature-sensing waders for environmental sciences
Authors: Hut Rolf , Tyler Scott , van Emmerik Tim
Published: February 2016

Abstract. A prototype temperature-sensing pair of waders is introduced and tested. The water temperature at the streambed is interesting both for scientists studying the hyporheic zone and for, e.g., fishers spotting good fishing locations. A temperature sensor incorporated into waders worn by members of the public can give scientists an additional source of information on stream-water–groundwater interaction. A pair of waders was equipped with a thermistor and calibrated in the lab. Tests with both the waders and a reference thermometer in a deep polder ditch with a known localized groundwater contribution (i.e., boil) showed that the temperature-sensing waders are capable of identifying the boil location. However, the temperature-sensing waders showed a less pronounced response to changing water temperature compared to the reference thermometer, most likely due to the heat capacity of the person in the waders. This research showed that data from temperature-sensing waders worn by the public and shared with scientists can be used to decide where the most interesting places are to do more detailed and more expensive research.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography surveys for the geoelectric characterization of the Montaguto landslide (southern Italy)
Authors: Bellanova Jessica , Calamita Giuseppe , Giocoli Alessandro , Luongo Raffaele , Perrone Angela , Lapenna Vincenzo , Piscitelli Sabatino
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This paper reports the results of a geoelectrical survey carried out to investigate the Montaguto earth-flow, located in the southern Apennines (Campania Region, southern Italy). The aim of the survey was to reconstruct the geometry of the landslide body, to improve the knowledge on the geological setting and to indirectly test the effectiveness of a drainage system. Although electrical resistivity contrasts in the electrical images were not very pronounced, due to the lithological characteristic of the outcropping lithotypes, it was possible to observe the presence of both lateral and vertical discontinuities that were associated with lithological boundaries, physical variation of the same material and sliding surfaces. The geoelectrical information obtained was provided to the Italian National Civil Protection Department technicians and was considered for the planning of more appropriate actions for the stabilization and safety of the slide.
Reporting flood damages: a model for consistent, complete and multi-purpose scenarios
Authors: Menoni Scira , Molinari Daniela , Ballio Francesco , Minucci Guido , Atun Funda , Berni Nicola , Pandolfo Claudia
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Effective flood risk mitigation requires that the impacts of flood events would be much better and more reliably known than is currently the case. Available post flood damage assessments usually supply only a partial vision of the consequences of the floods as they typically respond to the specific needs of a particular stakeholder. Coherently, they generally focus (i) on particular items at risk, (ii) on a certain time window after the occurrence of the flood, (iii) on a specific scale of analysis or (iv) on the analysis of damage only without an investigation of damage mechanisms and root causes. This paper responds to the necessity of a more integrated interpretation of flood events as the base to address the variety of needs arising after a disaster. In particular, a model is supplied to develop multi-purposes complete event scenarios. The model organizes available information in the post event according to five logical axes. This way, post-flood damage assessments can be developed that (i) are multisectoral, (ii) address the spatial scales that are relevant for the event at stake depending on the type of damage, i.e. direct, functional, systemic, that has to be analyzed, (iii) consider the temporal evolution of damage, and finally (iv) allow to understand damage mechanisms and root causes. All the above features are key for the multi-usability of resulting flood scenarios. The model allows, on the one hand, the rationalization of efforts currently implemented in ex-post damage assessments. On the other hand, integrated interpretations of flood events are fundamental to tailor and optimize flood mitigation strategies, as corroborated by the implementation of the model in a case study.
Bulk meltwater flow and liquid water content of snowpacks mapped using the electrical self-potential (SP) method
Authors: Thompson Sarah S. , Kulessa Bernd , Essery Richard L. H. , Lüthi Martin P.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Our ability to measure, quantify and assimilate hydrological properties and processes of snow in operational models is disproportionally poor compared to the significance of seasonal snowmelt as a global water resource and major risk factor in flood and avalanche forecasting. We show here that strong electrical self-potential fields are generated in melting in situ snowpacks at Rhone Glacier and Jungfraujoch Glacier, Switzerland. In agreement with theory, the diurnal evolution of self-potential magnitudes ( ∼  60–250 mV) relates to those of bulk meltwater fluxes (0–1.2  ×  10−6 m3 s−1) principally through the permeability and the content, electrical conductivity and pH of liquid water. Previous work revealed that when fresh snow melts, ions are eluted in sequence and electrical conductivity, pH and self-potential data change diagnostically. Our snowpacks had experienced earlier stages of melt, and complementary snow pit measurements revealed that electrical conductivity ( ∼  1–5  ×  10−6 S m−1) and pH ( ∼  6.5–6.7) as well as permeabilities (respectively  ∼  9.7  ×  10−5 and  ∼  4.3  ×  10−5 m2 at Rhone Glacier and Jungfraujoch Glacier) were invariant. This implies, first, that preferential elution of ions was complete and, second, that our self-potential measurements reflect daily changes in liquid water contents. These were calculated to increase within the pendular regime from  ∼  1 to 5 and  ∼  3 to 5.5 % respectively at Rhone Glacier and Jungfraujoch Glacier, as confirmed by ground truth measurements. We conclude that the electrical self-potential method is a promising snow and firn hydrology sensor owing to its suitability for (1) sensing lateral and vertical liquid water flows directly and minimally invasively, (2) complementing established observational programs through multidimensional spatial mapping of meltwater fluxes or liquid water content and (3)  monitoring autonomously at a low cost. Future work should focus on the development of self-potential sensor arrays compatible with existing weather and snow monitoring technology and observational programs, and the integration of self-potential data into analytical frameworks.
A mechanism that produces dichotomy in melt pond coverage in sea ice floes
Authors: Popović Predrag , Abbot Dorian S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Late in the melt season, sea ice floes in the Arctic have been observed to exhibit a large range in melt pond coverage, from heavily ponded to almost pond free. Some of these observations are consistent with a bimodal distribution in pond coverage with few intermediately ponded ice floes. We present a model for the evolution of melt ponds on sea ice floes in which conservation of hydrostatic balance in response to melt creates an unstable fixed point in pond coverage: if the initial pond coverage is below a threshold value the floe becomes unponded, and if it is above the threshold the floe becomes heavily ponded. Whether the fixed point is physically realistic depends on the differential melting rates of different points on the ice: ice at the perimeter of ponds needs to melt sufficiently slower than bare ice on average. Interestingly, this shows that the melting behavior of the narrow boundary between bare ice and melt ponds can govern the melt pond evolution of the entire ice floe. Since melt pond coverage is one of the key parameters controlling the albedo of sea ice, understanding the mechanisms that control the distribution of pond coverage will help us improve large-scale model parameterizations and sea ice forecasts in a warming climate.
Influência ambiental para a (in)dependência da criança cega: perspectiva da família
Authors: Pintanel Aline Campelo , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Xavier Daiani Modernel , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Silva Mara Regina Santos da
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: compreender a influência dos ambientes onde a criança cega vive no exercício da sua (in)dependência na perspectiva da família. Método: realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa no segundo semestre de 2011, com dez mães de crianças cegas atendidas em um Centro de Educação Complementar para Deficientes Visuais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela Análise Temática. Interpretação: no ambiente domiciliar, o potencial de independência da criança cega é maior. Nele, a criança desempenha suas atividades diárias sem necessidade de auxílio. Quanto ao ambiente da escola convencional, a família referiu que a cegueira pode prejudicar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e comprometer o processo educativo das crianças cegas. A família se organiza para ajudar a criança nas tarefas para que ela consiga acompanhar as outras crianças na escola. No entanto, referiram que elas sofrem discriminação e preconceito na escola devido à cegueira. Conclusões: concluiu-se que os ambientes domiciliar e escolar são sistemas de suporte e influenciam a independência humana, bem como necessitam ser repensados e reorganizados para favorecer a criança cega. Cabe aos profissionais da enfermagem a orientação adequada da família e os profissionais da escola, na qual se capacite a criança cega para o autocuidado, a mobilidade e a função social, o que possibilitaria sua independência.
A Proposal for Certification in Nursing Theory
Authors: Hanna Debra R.
Published: February 2016

The author proposes the development of different levels of certification in the knowledge of nursing theory that would be based on the level of formal education attained. At present, nurses are being required to obtain higher levels of formal education in order to serve patients safely in a technologically complex health care system. Although evidence-based practice is strongly desired in contemporary health care, less consideration has been given to the value of theory-based nursing practice or the relationship between theory and research. The author explains multiple background issues and then highlights several questions that are important for disciplinary discussion at this point in time.
Transplante renal: análise comportamental a partir da Técnica dos Incidentes Críticos
Authors: Santos Bianca Pozza dos , Schwartz Eda , Beuter Margrid , Echevarría-Guanilo María Elena , Feijó Aline Machado , Duarte Giani da Cunha
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: identificar os comportamentos das pessoas com o transplante renal empregando a Técnica dos Incidentes Críticos. Método: estudo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritivo utilizando a Técnica dos Incidentes Críticos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e foram relacionados o perfil socioeconômico dos entrevistados e os incidentes críticos identificados. Fizeram parte do estudo 20 pessoas, dez homens e dez mulheres. Resultados: os resultados apontaram a ocorrência de 141 comportamentos, 108 positivos e 33 negativos, relacionados ao cuidado adotado à saúde, às atividades cotidianas e à vida com o transplante renal. Conclusões: a aplicação da Técnica dos Incidentes Críticos permitiu obter dados sobre o modo como o transplante renal influencia determinados comportamentos, positiva e negativamente, na vida da pessoa.
Retinal Structural Changes in Systemic Arterial Hypertension: An OCT Study
Authors: Akay Fahrettin , Gündoğan Fatih C. , Yolcu Umit , Toyran Sami , Tunç Elif , Uzun Salih
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), and macular thickness changes in young adults with systemic arterial hypertension.

Methods

This study included 80 young patients (age 23.8 ± 2.8 years) with systemic hypertension (sHT) without any known systemic or ocular disease and 80 age-matched (23.5 ± 2.1 years) healthy controls. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular thickness, and GCC thickness were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Results

Mean disease duration was 3.45 ± 1.48 years (range 2-10). Differences in intraocular pressure, body mass index, axial length, and spherical equivalent between the groups were insignificant (p>0.05). The differences in RNFL thickness did not differ between the groups. Patients with sHT had significantly lower central macular thickness (p = 0.037), inner superior macular thickness (p = 0.045), and outer temporal superior and outer temporal inferior GCC (p<0.001 for both). The RNFL thickness did not differ significantly in all quadrants between the groups (p>0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with inner temporal superior and inner temporal inferior GCC thickness in a negative manner (p<0.05 for all).

Conclusions

Ganglion cell complex thickness decrease is possibly a better retinal marker for hypertensive changes with respect to RNFL and macular thickness.
The Prevalence of Femoroacetabular Impingement as an Aetiologic Factor for End-Stage Degenerative Osteoarthritis of the HIP Joint: Analysis of 1,000 Cases
Authors: Oner Ali , Koksal Alper , Sofu Hakan , Aykut Umit S. , Yıldırım Timur , Kaygusuz Mehmet A.
Published: February 2016

Objective

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of FAI among patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the diagnosis of end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip joint in a tertiary referral centre.

Design

A retrospective search of the institutional archive database for patients who had undergone THA between the years 2005 and 2010 was conducted with the analysis of the recorded radiographic images. A total of 1,004 patients including 690 (68.7%) females and 314 (31.3%) males were identified. All radiographs were reviewed by 3 of the authors. Intra- and interobserver consistencies were calculated. The prevalence of femeroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a predisposing diagnosis resulting in end-stage degenerative joint disease treated with THA was determined.

Results

The most common diagnosis was developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The predisposing aetiologic factor leading to end-stage degenerative hip disease treated with THA was undetermined for 26 patients (2.6%). The number of patients who were diagnosed as cam-type FAI by all of the observers was 83, whereas it was 16 for pincer-type FAI. Interobserver agreement was very high in the evaluation of the stated ethiologies of hip osteoarthritis. The contingency coefficient for the diagnosis of FAI was 0.71 between observers.

Conclusions

Our study may be a reference for further investigations to develop a better understanding of the underlying pathological factors in patients undergoing THA due to end-stage OA of the hip joint.
Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells Stored >14 Days was Associated with a Higher Risk of Infection after HIP Revision Arthroplasty
Authors: Tornero Eduard , Pereira Arturo , Bravo Jessica , Angulo Silvia , Basora Misericordia , Marcos Miguel , Soriano Alex
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs) stored for >14 days has been associated with a higher risk of infection but there is no data about the impact in revision hip arthroplasty.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 280 patients who underwent revision hip arthroplasty from January 2002 to May 2012. Relevant risk factors and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate after 100 days after surgery were collected.

Results

10 patients out of 280 (3.6%) had a PJI within the first 100 days after revision surgery. The PJI rate in patients receiving an early transfusion (during surgery or within the first 12 hours) of packed RBCs with a length of storage >14 days was higher (8.0%) than the rate in nontransfused patients (1.8%) or those receiving an early transfusion of packed RBCs with a length of storage ≤14 days (2.6%, p = 0.05). A Cox regression model identified transfusion of packed RBCs stored >14 days as the only independent predictor of PJI (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-18.15; p = 0.032).

Conclusions

The only independent predictor of PJI was early transfusion of packed RBCs stored >14 days. Therefore, a potential way for reducing the PJI rate could be the selection of young packed RBCs.
Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Primary Cell Cultures of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes in a Wound-Healing Model
Authors: Franková Jana , Pivodová Veronika , Vágnerová Hana , Juráňová Jana , Ulrichová Jitka
Published: February 2016

Background

Nanoparticles are widely used in different technological fields, one of which is medicine. Because of their antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in several types of wound dressings for the treatment of burns and nonhealing wounds, but their influence on each component of the wound-healing process remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of AgNPs on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Both cell types are important for wound healing, including with regard to inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. Each phase of wound healing can be characterized by the secretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.

Methods

The production of inflammatory parameters (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8 and IL-12 and cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2]), angiogenesis parameters (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9) by NHDFs and NHEKs were examined by ELISA or Western blot after 24 and 48 hours of incubation with AgNPs.

Results

We found that AgNPs decreased some inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-12) and growth factors (VEGF) that were produced by NHDFs and NHEKs after 24 and 48 hours and decreased the expression of COX-2 after 24 hours but only at the highest concentration of AgNPs (25 parts per million).

Conclusions

The results indicate that NHEKs are more susceptible to the application of AgNPs than NHDFs, and AgNPs may be useful for medical applications for the treatment of wounds.
Correlation of TP53 and MDM2 Genotypes and Clinical Outcome in Platinum-Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients with More than 10 Years’ Follow-Up
Authors: Vivenza Daniela , Monteverde Martino , Lattanzio Laura , Tonissi Federica , Astesana Valentina , Denaro Nerina , Comino Alberto , Russi Elvio , Lo Nigro Cristiana , Merlano Marco
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Adequate biomarkers are still required to optimize therapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCC) treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods

We updated the follow-up of 66 HNSCC patients treated with CRT we described more than 10 years ago, focusing on SNP Arg/Pro (R/P) at codon 72 and somatic mutations in TP53 and on SNP309 in the MDM2 gene.

Results

In wild-type TP53 cases, overall survival (OS) was longer in 72RR and less favorable in 72PP (p = 0.005); when TP53 was mutated, OS was longest in 72PP and less favorable in 72RR and 72RP (p = 0.058). Median OS was significantly shorter in patients with MDM2 SNP309 GG or GT genotypes compared with the TT genotype (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

TP53 SNP72 may be useful in selecting patients for CRT, but has to be related to somatic TP53 mutations. The MDM2 SNP309, easily determined in peripheral blood, might be more convenient as a predictive biomarker.
Is Nietzsche a Naturalist?: Or How to Become a Responsible Plant
Authors: Lemm Vanessa
Published: February 2016

In his recent discussion of Nietzsche's naturalism, Brian Leiter invokes examples from the world of plants to demonstrate that human behavior and values are causally determined by “heritable psychological and physiological traits,” or what he also refers to as “type-facts.” The objective of this essay is to present a fuller picture of what Nietzsche actually has to say about plants by providing an overview of his textual references to the world of plants. Such an overview suggests that, in contrast to Leiter's naturalistic interpretation of Nietzsche, the examples of the life of plants found in Nietzsche's texts reveal the secret of human freedom and creativity. What we can learn from plants is not how and in what way we are determined by our cultural and biological inheritance and environment but, on the contrary, how and in what way we can be free and creative as plants and become the future value creators Nietzsche envisages.
Naturalism as a Joyful Science: Nietzsche, Deleuze, and the Art of Life
Authors: Ansell-Pearson Keith
Published: February 2016

In this article I explore naturalism as a joyful science by focusing on how Nietzsche and Deleuze appropriate an Epicurean legacy. In the first section I introduce some salient features of Epicurean naturalism and highlight how the study of nature is to guide ethical reflection on the art of living. In the next section I focus on Nietzsche and show the nature and extent of his Epicurean commitments in his middle period writings. In the third and final main section my attention shifts to Deleuze and to showing how he fruitfully demonstrates the intersection of physics and ethics in the Epicurean method of thinking. I am interested in Epicureanism since, as both Nietzsche and Deleuze show, it holds ethics to be central to philosophical inquiry and activity: we study nature not simply as an end in itself but as a way of better understanding how we can promote a flourishing life. Our being in the world is not to be guided by myths and illusions, especially of a supernatural kind, but rather by the affirmation of the positive power of an immanent and multiple nature and by the joy that results from recognizing the diversity of its elements.
Design and construction of a 3D force plate prototype for developing an instrumented swimming start block
Authors: Mourão Luis , De Jesus Karla , Viriato Nuno , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Vaz Mário A. P.
Published: February 2016

Force plates have been used in human movement analysis to measure ground reaction forces, centre of pressure (COP) and derived kinetic quantities. In competitive swimming external tridimensional (3D) forces assessment is crucial to improve starting technique performance. This work aimed to describe the design and construction of a 3D force plate prototype, which might be a modular sensor of an instrumented swimming starting block. For this purpose four steps were followed: 1) numerical determination of sensor conspicuous spatial positioning; 2) development of a first test device and respective calibration procedures; 3) final prototype (3D force plate) development and implementation; and 4) development and programming of a high speed multiple data acquisition system. Vertical force (< 140 N ± 5%) and COP real time determination (± 3% to centre distance uncertainty) are compliant with the literature data and horizontal force is assessed based on COP displacement time derivatives. The software for data acquisition and interpretation was developed, leading to calibration procedure that provides a set of gains for sequential balance protocol and final transfer matrix. Although the final prototype implementation was the main concern of the current study, its development also has proven to be an important milestone for a dynamometric swimming start block advance.
The Meaning of Order in Persian Painting (The Case Study of Mourning on the Death of Timur)
Authors: Hessami Mansour , Safari Soudabeh
Published: February 2016

The Mourning on the death of Timur is adapted from the Timurid Zafar-Nameh (The Book of Victory), 935 AH – 1529 AD, which is authored by Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi. Painting Works in this book are attributed to Kamal al-Din Behzad. The structure of this image in this research is taken into account.

The aim of this study is to explore hidden and clear structures of the above image. Apart from displaying the painter's ability in using visual means to express the content better, the present paper proves arranging visual elements and the existence of a regular structure in this image. Also, symbolic secrets and meaning of numbers are used to create an order in infrastructure of the painting; four numbers are obtained that in many cases, they are repeated in arrangement of the image elements in addition to proving the existence of strong organization and composition in this artwork, symbols of death and eternal life are concerned with the image subject. This is another reason for non-random composition of the visual elements and the existence of its strong structure.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 8, No. 1
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: February 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2016
In-service Teachers’ Intelligibility and Pronunciation Adjustment Strategies in English Language Classrooms
Authors: Chen Hsueh Chu
Published: February 2016

A realistic goal of pronunciation teaching in the second language context is to acquire comfortably intelligible rather than native-like pronunciation. To establish a set of teaching and learning priorities necessary for English teachers and students whose first language is Chinese, the purposes of this study are three fold: (1) Identify the pronunciation aspects that are crucial for intelligible pronunciation in actual second language (L2) Hong Kong (HK) and foreign language mainland (ML) China classrooms from in-service teachers’ points of view; (2) Investigate how teachers help their students successfully understand English classroom input through teachers’ self-reflection on which aspects of their own pronunciation they modify and adapt to make classroom discourse intelligible to students; and (3) explore the most frequently taught pronunciation aspects and the most frequently used pronunciation teaching strategies used by teachers to teach pronunciation in English classrooms. Forty-seven questionnaires were collected and analysed from in-service teachers in primary schools. Four teachers were invited to attend follow-up interviews. In order to further investigate the application of adaptation strategies and pronunciation teaching strategies in real classroom settings, eight classroom videos were collected. The data were triangulated allowing for cross checking. The findings will not only help frontline teachers become self-aware of their own pronunciation, rectify students’ recurrent difficulties in using phonological features, and improve mutual intelligibility in English language classrooms but also help explore the ways to integrate phonology courses and pronunciation teaching in second/foreign language teaching and teacher education.
The Integration of Project-Based Methodology into Teaching in Machine Translation
Authors: Madkour Magda
Published: February 2016

This quantitative-qualitative analytical research aimed at investigating the effect of integrating project-based teaching methodology into teaching machine translation on students’ performance. Data was collected from the graduate students in the College of Languages and Translation, at Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Quantitative data instruments included a Likert scale questionnaire, students’ exam results, and students’ assignments. Qualitative data was gathered using two groups, of 20 students each, from the same research population to explore the effectiveness of project-based teaching methodology. The first group of participants was taught for one semester using traditional teaching methods that depended on direct instruction and memorization of information while the second group of participants was involved in creative projects about various topics on machine translation. Content analysis was conducted to evaluate the participants’ projects. A comparison of the two groups’ final exam results and assignments was made to provide statistical evidence regarding the impact of project-based teaching approach on students’ performance. The discussions of this research include topics on theories and systems of machine translation, the concepts of localization and hybridization, project-based teaching methodologies, and educational technology. The recommendations emphasize the importance of adopting brain-based strategies such as project-based techniques in teaching machine translation, providing professional development programs on using cognitive teaching approaches, and equipping translation laboratories with most recent technologies. The significance of this research derives from being a contribution in three specific areas: integrating education research into teaching machine translation to motivate students to improve their performance; employing educational technology to bridge the gap between theories and practice of machine translation; providing an implementation of creative teaching in machine translation through presenting students’ creative projects. The integrative teaching model, which the researcher presented in this research, is a new approach for solving students’ problems in machine translation.
Computerphobia in Preservice Teachers
Authors: Sanalan Vehbi Aytekin
Published: February 2016

This study proposes an instrument to determine and categorize computerphobia in college students, and reports findings from implementation of this instrument on education majors in a northeastern university in Turkey. 829 teacher education students were administered computerphobia scale (CPS) after they attended an introductory computer course. Factor analysis, CFA and GLM methods are utilized for data analysis. Results indicate a reliable instrument and significant differences for gender, computer ownership, and computer experiences. Females had significantly higher CPS scores. Computer ownership and experience with computers reversely related to computerphobia. It is recommended to expose teacher candidates more to computer-using opportunities and carefully designed computer education arrangements.
Effects of Planting Method on Enhanced Stand Establishment and Subsequent Performance of Forage Native Warm-Season Grasses
Authors: Temu Vitalis W. , Kering Maru K. , Rutto Laban K.
Published: February 2016

To develop strategies for successful establishment of forage native warm-season grasses (NWSGs) in southeastern USA, early agronomic performance of transplanted and seeded stands of big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass [IG, Sorghastrum nutans (L.). Nash], and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum L.) were compared. In early June, about 6-week old high tunnel grown seedlings were transplanted to assigned clean seedbeds. Plant spacing (cm) was 30-within and 45-between rows. Seeded plots received ≥ 11 kg seeds ha-1 planted at ≤ 2 cm deep in 45-cm wide rows, a month after transplanting to match rainfall availability. As needed, tall-growing broadleaf weeds were removed physically by cutting with a hand hoe. Plants were allowed uninterrupted first year growth with no fertilizer applied. Early in the following spring, dead standing biomass was mowed down to allow the emerging tillers more access to sunlight. During the second and third year after planting, plots were machine harvested twice between July and September for yield assessment. Percentage ground covered by plant material and species basal diameter were also recorded. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design for effects of planting method, species, and stand age. Except for GG, transplanting resulted in greater (>3,000 kg DM ha-1) forage yield and more so during the second harvest year. Total second year yields were similar for BB and GG and averaged 9,600 and 6,300 kg DMha-1 for transplanted and seeded, respectively. Indiangrass and SG yields (kg DM ha-1) were 11,500 and 8,300 and 13,000 and 10,000 for transplanted and seeded plots, respectively. The NWSG ground cover was greater in the transplanted than seeded plots, while the reverse was true for weed cover. Data indicate that, in less than two years, transplanting under comparable growing conditions can produce harvest-ready uniform NWSG stands in weed infested areas. For practical recommendations, however, data on comparable responses of transplanted vs seeded stands to actual grazing at a similar timing is necessary.
Update on Pulmonary Fibrosis: Not All Fibrosis Is Created Equally
Authors: Smith Maxwell L.
Published: February 2016

Context

Three distinct patterns of pulmonary fibrosis, including usual interstitial pneumonia, fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and airway-centered fibrosis, can be identified on surgical lung biopsies.

Objectives

To compare the pathologic definitions, clinical and radiographic presentations, etiologies and differential diagnoses, treatments, and prognoses of usual interstitial pneumonia, fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and airway-centered fibrosis patterns, and to address the challenges and controversies related to pulmonary fibrosis.

Data Sources

Data were derived from published literature and clinical experience.

Conclusions

Although there may be overlap, identification of the dominant form of fibrosis in a particular case can provide a general category of disease and assist in identifying an etiology.
Examining the Relationship between Faculty-Librarian Collaboration and First-Year Students’ Information Literacy Abilities
Authors: Douglas Veronica Arellano , Rabinowitz Celia E.
Published: February 2016

Using surveys, interviews, and a rubric-based assessment of student research essays, the St. Mary’s College of Maryland Assessment in Action team investigated the relationship between faculty-librarian collaboration in a First Year Seminar (FYS) course and students’ demonstrated information literacy (IL) abilities. In gathering information on the experiences, attitudes, and behaviors of faculty, librarians, and first-year students, the project team uncovered additional questions about the integration of IL in the FYS, the ways in which faculty and librarians work towards educational goals, and just what should be expected from students in their first year of college.
A darker shade of love: Machiavellianism and positive assortative mating based on romantic ideals
Authors: Ináncsi Tamás , Láng András , Bereczkei Tamás
Published: February 2016

Machiavellianism is a personality trait that is characterized by manipulative and exploitative attitude toward others, lack of empathy, and a cynical view of human nature. In itself or as part of the Dark Triad it has been the target of several studies investigating romantic relations. Nevertheless, the relationship between Machiavellianism and romantic ideals has not been revealed yet. An undergraduate sample of 143 (92 females) with an average age of 19.83 years (SD = 1.51 years) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism (Mach-IV Scale) and romantic ideals (Ideal Standards Scale and NEO-FFI-IDEAL). According to our results, Machiavellianism correlated negatively with the importance of partner’s warmth-trustworthiness, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and with the importance of intimacy and loyalty in their ideal relationships. Machiavellianism correlated positively with the ideal partner’s possession over status and resources. Explorative factor analysis revealed three components of ideal partner’s characteristics. Machiavellianism loaded significantly on two out of three components. Results are discussed with regard to Ideal Standards Model and the Big Five model of personality.
Neuroticism as a moderator of direct and mediated relationships between introversion-extraversion and well-being
Authors: Fadda Daniela , Scalas L. Francesca
Published: February 2016

Among personality traits, extraversion has received major theoretical and empirical attention as predictor of subjective well-being (SWB), whereas the role of emotional stability-neuroticism has been partially neglected. The present study aims to study the role of neuroticism in the relationship between introversion-extraversion and SWB. In particular, we explored if the trait of neuroticism moderates the relationships between introversion-extraversion and SWB dimensions (Satisfaction with life, Mastery, Vigour, Social Cheerfulness), directly and by mediation of self-esteem. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that self-esteem is positively associated with high extraversion and low neuroticism and that it positively mediates the relationship between SWB and personality traits in adolescents. For this purpose, a sample of high school students (N = 1173) completed the Oxford Happiness Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Big Five Questionnaire. In a latent variable model, we examined the interaction effects (direct and indirect) of extraversion and neuroticism on SWB dimensions. Our results showed that the nature of differences between introverts and extraverts on SWB could be related to the level of neuroticism in relation to Satisfaction with life. Moreover, self-esteem mediated the relationship between personality traits and SWB. In particular, mediated moderation effect analysis showed that self-esteem mediates completely the relationship between the interaction term (extraversion x neuroticism) and Mastery, and partially the relationship with Satisfaction with life. Moreover, moderated mediation effect analysis showed that high levels of neuroticism moderate the effect of extraversion on Satisfaction with life and Mastery through the mediation of self-esteem. In conclusion, our results suggest that although extraversion has a cardinal role on SWB dimensions related to Vigour and Social Cheerfulness, neuroticism and the mediating role of self-esteem should more properly considered in relation to Satisfaction with life and Mastery.
Quality of life questionnaire for children with cerebral Palsy (cp qol-child): translation and cultural adaptation to the Brazilian portuguese language
Authors: Braccialli Lígia Maria Presumido , Braccialli Ana Carla , Sankako Andréia Naomi , Dechandt Maria Luiza Da Costa , Almeida Vanessa Da Silva , Carvalho Sebastião Marcos Ribeiro de
Published: February 2016

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a confiabilidade da versão em português do Brasil do instrumento Cerebral Palsy: quality of life questionnaire for children: primary caregiver questionnaire (CP QOLChild: primary caregiver) traduzido e adaptado culturalmente. Para tanto, foi realizada a tradução e a adaptação cultural do instrumento e a seguir foram realizados os procedimentos para verificar a confiabilidade. O questionário traduzido e adaptado culturalmente foi respondido por 30 cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral e realizada a análise inter e intraobservadores. Os dados permitiram identificar que consistência interna variou de 0,649 a 0,858, a confiabilidade intraobservador de 0,625 a 0,809 e a confiabilidade interobservador 0,498 a 0,903. A análise realizada sugere que o instrumento utilizado tem aceitabilidade psicométrica.
Body Weight Perception and Associated Factors in Students
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Nascimento , Oliveira Jéssica Rodrigues de , Zöllner Cristina Carpentieri , Gambardella Ana Maria Dianezi
Published: February 2016

ResumoObjetivo: analisar a associação entre percepção do peso corporal e variáveis relacionadas, em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em 2007, com estudantes de 8 a 17 anos, residentes em Vitória, Espírito Santo (ES). Dados antropométricos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e de maturação sexual foram coletados. A percepção do peso corporal foi verificada por meio de pergunta única sobre o que os estudantes achavam do próprio peso corporal em relação à sua estatura. Análises de regressão logística, estratificadas por sexo, foram realizadas para verificar a associação entre percepção do peso corporal e faixa etária, estado nutricional, perímetro da cintura, estágio de maturação sexual e nível socioeconômico. A categoria de referência para as análises foi “percepção do peso adequado”. Resultados: participaram 397 estudantes, idade média (desviopadrão) 12 (1,84) anos, sendo 52,4% do sexo feminino. Em relação ao estado nutricional, meninos e meninas, respectivamente, apresentaram prevalências de 21,7% e 20,1% (excesso de peso), 76,9% e 77,8% (peso adequado para a estatura), e 1,4% e 2,1% (baixo peso). Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre percepção do peso corporal e estado nutricional (excesso de peso) em ambos os sexos (meninos: OR = 6,76; meninas: OR = 19,58) e faixa etária (10 a 14 anos) para os meninos (OR = 0,40). Conclusão: a percepção do peso corporal associou-se ao estado nutricional em ambos os sexos, e à faixa etária apenas em meninos. Isso reforça a necessidade do acompanhamento desses adolescentes por profissionais de saúde, visando uma melhor consciência do próprio corpo.