bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Let's go shopping: Virtual reality as a tier‐3 intervention for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Simoni Marisa , Talaptatra Devadrita , Roberts Garret , Abdollahi Hojjat
Published: August 2023

Best practices for technology use in academic settings, specifically those preparing students for postsecondary transition (ages 18–21) are not well documented and research studies commenting on the use of technology for acquisition of social and adaptive skills is limited. Literature indicates that students with mild–moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) benefit from adaptive‐skills programs and curricula. School psychologists, special educators, and school‐based interventionists are in a unique position to provide adaptive skill services and tier‐3 interventions that are evidence‐based, innovative, and serve the most vulnerable students. This manuscript utilizes a sign‐case design to test the use of virtual reality (VR) as an individualized intervention and teaching modality to a student in a center‐based high school program with IDD. Results yield promising findings, indicating those with IDD may master VR as a tool, learn new skills with VR programming, and generalize those skills to real‐world settings. Further, VR offers unique benefits that can shape the way school interventionists view technology and how innovative practices can be used for students with IDD.
Overexpression of AHL proteins enhances root hair production by altering the transcription of RHD6‐downstream genes
Authors: Zeng Qike , Song Li , Xia Mingzhe , Zheng Zai , Chen Ziang , Che Ximing , Liu Dong
Published: August 2023

AT‐HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED (AHL) proteins occur in all sequenced plant species. They bind to the AT‐rich DNA sequences in chromosomes and regulate gene transcription related to diverse biological processes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how AHL proteins regulate gene transcription is poorly understood. In this research, we used root hair production as a readout to study the function of two Arabidopsis AHL proteins, AHL17, and its closest homolog AHL28. Overexpression of AHL17 or AHL28 greatly enhanced root hair production by increasing the transcription of an array of genes downstream of RHD6. RHD6 is a key transcription factor that regulates root hair development. Mutation of RHD6 completely suppressed the overproduction of root hairs by blocking the transcription of AHL17‐activated genes. The overexpression of AHL17 or AHL28, however, neither affected the transcription of RHD6 nor the accumulation of RHD6 protein. These two AHL proteins also did not directly interact with RHD6. Furthermore, we found that three members of the Heat Shock Protein70 family, which have been annotated as the subunits of the plant Mediator complex, could form a complex with both AHL17 and RHD6. Our research might reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of how AHL proteins regulate gene transcription.
Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and immunoreactive trypsinogen as early inflammatory biomarkers for cystic fibrosis in infancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Şişmanlar Eyuboglu Tuğba , Aslan Ayse Tana , Asfuroglu Pelin , Kunt Nursima , Ersoy Ali , Kose Mehmet , Unal Gokcen , Pekcan Sevgi
Published: August 2023

Background

Airway inflammation starts in early life in cystic fibrosis (CF) and limited, objective markers are available to help identify infants with increased inflammation. We aimed to investigate neutrophil, lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) to be a possible inflammatory biomarker for CF in infancy.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study in three centers. Between January 2015 and December 2022, children with CF newborn screening (NBS) positivity and diagnosed as CF were included in the study. Correlation analysis were performed with NLR, MPV, IRT and follow‐up parameters such as z‐scores, modified Shwachman‐Kulczycki score (mSKS) at the first, second, third and sixth ages and pulmonary function test (PFT) at the sixth age.

Results

A total of 92 children with CF included in the study and 47.8% of them were female. There were no correlations between NLR, MPV and weight and height z‐scores for all ages (p > 0.05), a negative correlation was found between MPV and body mass indexes (BMI) z‐score at the age of 6 (r = −0.443, p = 0.038). No correlation was found between NLR, MPV and PFT parameters and mSKS at all ages (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between first IRT and BMI z‐score at 6 years of age (r = −0.381, p = 0.046) and negative correlations between second IRT and weight and BMI z‐score at the age of 6 (r = −0.462, p = 0.010; r = −0.437, p = 0.016, respectively).

Conclusion

Higher MPV and IRT levels during NBS period are associated with worse nutritional outcome which may reflect chronic inflammation. Children with higher MPV and IRT should be followed up closely in terms of chronic inflammation and nutritional status.
River definitions reciprocally define us
Authors: Sohns Antonia
Published: August 2023

This article explores different definitions of river, and in doing so, considers how our efforts to define rivers illuminate aspects of the human condition. Through an exploration of our definitions of river, through the human imagination, in poetry, music, and human's actions, this article considers how our nature is reflected back by rivers—how we in turn are defined by rivers—such as their role in determining borders, movement, escape, the locations of cities, trade, communication, and in the shaping of cultures and societies. This article specifically highlights three definitions of river using examples predominately from North America. River as boundary, exploring how in the reaches of some river basins, rivers act not only as a border, or boundary between two nations or cultures, but also as a line of demarcation between the known and unknown landscapes and the tamed and untamed lands. The definition of river as pathway includes exploration of how the Mississippi River served as a natural highway for people escaping slavery to travel North and reach Underground Railroad routes toward freedom, while also forcibly moving hundreds of thousands of enslaved people in the United States from the Upper South to the Lower South as they were “sold down the river.” Third, this article examines how rivers have been defined as a resource through examples, such as the US government and Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) efforts, to encourage support of large dam construction and water development projects by hiring Woody Guthrie in 1941 to write songs that would prompt public support for the water projects. Through this discussion of three river definitions, the article considers how rivers have been conceptualized over time and how those different knowledges inform our understanding and treatment of rivers. The article argues that it is vital to include knowledge from across scales, time, boundaries, and ways of knowing in order to improve the protection of rivers and their ecosystems. If we do not, we will continue to lose freshwater biodiversity, wetland and riverine habitat, and their immeasurable qualities that inspire life and imagination at a staggering rate.
Parametric and nonparametric propensity score estimation in multilevel observational studies
Authors: Salditt Marie , Nestler Steffen
Published: August 2023

There has been growing interest in using nonparametric machine learning approaches for propensity score estimation in order to foster robustness against misspecification of the propensity score model. However, the vast majority of studies focused on single‐level data settings, and research on nonparametric propensity score estimation in clustered data settings is scarce. In this article, we extend existing research by describing a general algorithm for incorporating random effects into a machine learning model, which we implemented for generalized boosted modeling (GBM). In a simulation study, we investigated the performance of logistic regression, GBM, and Bayesian additive regression trees for inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPW) when the data are clustered, the treatment exposure mechanism is nonlinear, and unmeasured cluster‐level confounding is present. For each approach, we compared fixed and random effects propensity score models to single‐level models and evaluated their use in both marginal and clustered IPW. We additionally investigated the performance of the standard Super Learner and the balance Super Learner. The results showed that when there was no unmeasured confounding, logistic regression resulted in moderate bias in both marginal and clustered IPW, whereas the nonparametric approaches were unbiased. In presence of cluster‐level confounding, fixed and random effects models greatly reduced bias compared to single‐level models in marginal IPW, with fixed effects GBM and fixed effects logistic regression performing best. Finally, clustered IPW was overall preferable to marginal IPW and the balance Super Learner outperformed the standard Super Learner, though neither worked as well as their best candidate model.
Overcoming the voltage losses caused by the acceptor‐based interlayer in laminated indoor OPVs
Authors: Beket Gulzada , Zubayer Anton , Zhang Qilun , Stahn Jochen , Eriksson Fredrik , Fahlman Mats , Österberg Thomas , Bergqvist Jonas , Gao Feng
Published: August 2023

Harvesting indoor light to power electronic devices for the Internet of Things has become an application scenario for emerging photovoltaics, especially utilizing organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Combined liquid‐ and solid‐state processing, such as printing and lamination used in industry for developing indoor OPVs, also provides a new opportunity to investigate the device structure, which is otherwise hardly possible based on the conventional approach due to solvent orthogonality. This study investigates the impact of fullerene‐based acceptor interlayer on the performance of conjugated polymer–fullerene‐based laminated OPVs for indoor applications. We observe open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss across the interface despite this arrangement being presumed to be ideal for optimal device performance. Incorporating insulating organic components such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) or polystyrene (PS) into fullerene interlayers decreases the work function of the cathode, leading to better energy level alignment with the active layer (AL) and reducing the VOC loss across the interface. Neutron reflectivity studies further uncover two different mechanisms behind the VOC increase upon the incorporation of these insulating organic components. The self‐organized PEI layer could hinder the transfer of holes from the AL to the acceptor interlayer, while the gradient distribution of the PS‐incorporated fullerene interlayer eliminates the thermalization losses. This work highlights the importance of structural dynamics near the extraction interfaces in OPVs and provides experimental demonstrations of interface investigation between solution‐processed cathodic fullerene layer and bulk heterojunction AL.
Embracing modern C++ features: An empirical assessment on the KDE community
Authors: Lucas Walter , Carvalho Fausto , Nunes Rafael Campos , Bonifácio Rodrigo , Saraiva João , Accioly Paola
Published: August 2023

Similar to software systems, programming languages evolve substantially over time. Indeed, the community has more recently seen the release of new versions of mainstream languages in shorter and shorter time frames. For instance, the C++ working group has begun to release a new version of the language every 3 years, which now has a greater number of modern C++ features and improvements in modern standards (C++11, C++14, C++17, and C++ 20). Nonetheless, there is little empirical evidence on how developers are transitioning to use modern C++ constructs in legacy systems, and not understanding the trends and reasons for adopting these new modern C++ features might hinder software developers in conducting rejuvenation efforts. In this paper, we conduct an in‐depth study to understand the development practices of KDE contributors to evolve their projects toward the use of modern C++ features. Our results show a trend in the widespread adoption of some modern C++ features (lambda expressions, auto‐typed variables, and range‐based for) in KDE community projects. We also found that developers in the KDE community are making large efforts to modernize their programs using automated tools, and we present some modernization scenarios and the benefits of adopting modern C++ features of the C++ programming language. Our results might help C++ software developers, in general, to evolve C++ legacy systems and tools builders to implement more effective tools that could help in rejuvenation efforts.
Effects of methylphenidate on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from the ADMET 2 study
Authors: Clark Emily D. , Perin Jamie , Herrmann Nathan , Brawman‐Mintzer Olga , Lanctôt Krista L. , Lerner Alan J. , Mintzer Jacobo , Padala Prasad R. , Rosenberg Paul B. , Sami Susie , Shade David M. , van Dyck Christopher H. , Porsteinsson Anton P. ,   for the ADMET‐2 Study Group
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Methylphenidate has been shown to improve apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors evaluated the impact of methylphenidate on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of AD, excluding apathy, using data from the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2) study.

METHODS

A secondary analysis was conducted on data from the ADMET 2 study to determine the effect of methylphenidate on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores outside of apathy. Caregiver scores were compared from baseline to month 6 in 199 participants receiving methylphenidate (20 mg/day) or placebo regarding the presence or absence of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms, emergence of new symptoms, and individual domain scores.

RESULTS

No clinically meaningful improvement was observed in any NPI domain, excluding apathy, in participants treated with methylphenidate compared to placebo after 6 months. A statistical difference between groups was appreciated in the domains of elation/euphoria (P = 0.044) and appetite/eating disorders (P = 0.014); however, these findings were not considered significant.

DISCUSSION

Methylphenidate is a selective agent for symptoms of apathy in patients with AD with no meaningful impact on other NPS. Findings from this secondary analysis are considered exploratory and multiple limitations should be considered when interpreting these results, including small sample size and use of a single questionnaire.

HIGHLIGHTS

Methylphenidate was not associated with significant improvement on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory in domains outside of apathy.

Methylphenidate did not show a statistically significant emergence of new neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) throughout the 6‐month treatment period compared to placebo.

Methylphenidate appears to be a highly selective agent for apathy in Alzheimer's disease, potentially supporting catecholaminergic dysfunction as the driving force behind this presentation of symptoms.
Analysis of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex MNI Coordinates
Authors: Pàmies-Vilà Rosa , Fabregat-Sanjuan Albert , Ros-Alsina Aina , Rigo-Vidal Agnès , Pascual-Rubio Vicenç
Published: August 2023

In recent years, new non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are appearing which, based on neuromodulation, allow the treatment of pathologies such as pain or depression. One of the target regions where these techniques are usually applied is in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the result of these procedures depends on the correct and precise location of the point on the scalp close to this region. According to the literature, the most common methods that are currently used for the localization of the DLPFC are the Neuroimaging and Neuronaviagtion Systems, the 5cm method, the BeamF3 method and the international 10–20 System. Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space is a 3-dimensional coordinate system (also known as ‘atlas’) of the human brain, used to map the location of brain regions independent of individual differences in the size and overall shape of the brain. This study reviews the published articles that attempt to locate DLPFC positions, evaluate the discrepancies and quantify the differences among different authors.
Assessing a Deterministic Model for Autonomous Driving Through Visual Behavior
Authors: Sanchez-Mateo Sofia , Valle-Barrio Alfredo , Díaz-Álvarez Alberto , Jiménez Felipe
Published: August 2023

Driving safety has been improved by automated vehicles, particularly in terms of human error-related accidents, which are considered one of the main causes of traffic accidents. However, despite the increase in the number of sensors, full automation still generates conflictive situations where driver intervention is necessary. Many maneuvers are unique and sometimes unrepeatable, due to the multiple factors involved, being the patterns observation for the development of models and their automation complicated. To achieve greater knowledge of the performance during complex maneuvers on interurban roads, this article proposes the development of a deterministic driving model based on real driving data. The intentional phase prior to the maneuver has been studied in detail thanks to information from the driver’s visual behavior.
Low-Cost Model for the Estimation of Pollutant Emissions Based on GPS and Machine Learning
Authors: Rivera-Campoverde Néstor , Sanz José Muñoz , Arenas-Ramirez Blanca
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a novel method for estimating pollutants emitted by vehicles powered by internal combustion engines in real driving, without the need for extensive measurement campaigns or the use of instrumentation in the vehicle for long periods of time; for which it is based on the positioning and speed signals generated by the GPS (Global Positioning System) and the machine learning application. To obtain the training data and validation of the model, two road tests are carried out using the Euro 6 directives for the estimation of pollutants through RDE (Real Driving Emissions), in which a portable emission measurement system is used, and a recorder that stores data from OBD (On Board Diagnostics) and GPS. Based on the data obtained in the first route, the vehicle’s performance is determined and, through automatic learning, the model that estimates polluting emissions is generated, which is validated with the data from the second route. When comparing the results generated by the model against those measured in the RDE, relative errors (%) of 0.0976, −0.2187, 0.2249 and −0.1379 are obtained in the emission factors of CO2, CO, HC and NOx respectively. Finally, the model is fed with data obtained in 1218 km of random driving, obtaining similar results to models based on OBD and closer to the real driving conditions generated by models such as the IVE (International Vehicle Emissions).
Contribution to Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Welding Processes
Authors: Freire-Torres Mario , Carpio Jaime
Published: August 2023

The present work describes a mathematical model for the numerical simulation of the welding process. Initially, the domain Ω is solid to which the heat is released in certain areas. This heat increases the temperature of the solid, and when the fusion temperature is reached, the phase change occurs. At the fusion temperature, there is a mixture between liquid and solid (modelled as a porous medium); above this temperature mentioned; we will find only liquid. Natural convection currents can occur in the liquid due to buoyancy induced by the gravitational field. In order to reproduce all the phenomenology described, the mathematical model will be based on the energy conservation equation, expressed in terms of enthalpy, together with the mass and momentum conservation equations to determine the velocity of the fluid. The numerical resolution of the equations will be carried out with a Lagrange-Galerkin formulation in a finite element framework, where a temporal discretization BDF2 scheme will be used.
Application of New Conformal Cooling Systems for Sustainable Injection Molds
Authors: Torres-Alba Abelardo , Mercado-Colmenero Jorge Manuel , Amate-Teva José Antonio , Martín-Doñate Cristina
Published: August 2023

The cooling phase in the cycle time of the injection molding process is currently the phase with the greatest influence on energy expenditure and sustainability. Traditional designs are not capable of perform an adequate thermal exchange between the coolant and the mold cavity, especially in parts with complex geometries and deep cores. For this reason, the conformal cooling channels provide greater flexibility to the design, achieving efficient heat exchange between the surface and internal layers of the plastic part. The present research describes the application of a new conformal cooling system to optimize the cooling phase of a complex plastic part with great depth where the use of traditional cooling is inefficient. The results of the presented research greatly improve the uniformity of temperatures on the surface of the plastic part, reducing the cycle time by more than 37%. These results are perfectly aligned with the objective of improving the sustainability and efficiency of the manufacturing process.
Effects of Temperature and Vacuum Pressure on the Mechanical and Surface Enhancement of FFF Parts
Authors: Gómez-Gras Giovanni , de Bruijn Ariadna Chueca , Abad Manuel D. , Forés-Garriga Albert , Pérez Marco A.
Published: August 2023

This study deals with a novel post-process for polymeric components obtained by FFF based on the combination of annealing at controlled temperatures and isostatic vacuum pressing. The experimental development based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) allowed us to define an optimal combination of process parameters. The experimental results confirm the enhancement for different printing orientations showing a significantly improved intralayer and interlayer adhesion and demonstrating the capability of the proposed method to reduce the anisotropy of the treated parts, which can be extrapolated to other FFF polymers.
Analysis of the Behaviour of Vertical Articulated Robots in Machining Operations
Authors: Ferreras-Higuero Eugenio , Díez-Cifuentes Eduardo , Leal-Muñoz Erardo , Clavijo-Jiménez Miguel , Vizán-Idoipe Antonio
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work is to improve the productivity of manufacturing cells by reallocating tasks between the machine tools and the robot. The true working capacity of the robot is established considering the process forces and taking into account the specified precision of the product to be manufactured by accurately modelling its behaviour. This modelling has been carried out using the multi-body method and considering a variable stiffness in the robot joints. The behaviour of the robot at different points in the work area is determined, determining where the best results are produced. This results in the possible reallocation of tasks, the positioning point and the orientation of the workpiece in the working area.

The simulated or measured cutting force is fed into the model, modified according to variations in the machining parameters. These variations occur due to deviations of the robot during the machining path. A function is defined where the influence on the value of the force is recorded. This input information can be modified based on feedback from the estimated behaviour of the robot. The results of the modelling of the robot and its interaction with the cutting forces show the influence of the type of robot and the work area in which it is working, allowing the process to be characterised.
Towards Digitalizing Rolling Stock Maintenance
Authors: Bustos Alejandro , Rubio Higinio , Castejon Cristina , Soriano-Heras Enrique , Garcia-Prada Juan Carlos
Published: August 2023

The advent of Industry 4.0 has revolutionised the way in which all aspects of a product or service are approached, and the railway sector is moving toward the adoption of this new paradigm. Maintenance in railways is traditionally based on a preventive approach that replaces parts at regular intervals or when a failure occurs. However, the 4.0 revolution implies the use of new strategies based on condition monitoring and predictive maintenance for moving towards Maintenance 4.0. In this work, the creation of a digital twin that helps in the adoption of new technologies is established. The proposed digital twin covers the trailer bogie of a high-speed train and is composed of three models: a 3D geometrical model, a finite element model and a multi-body model. These three models provide the initial information about the dynamic performance of the bogie that should be completed with feedback from the actual bogie operating in the real world.
Data Reconstruction Attack Against Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Kwatra Saloni , Torra Vicenç
Published: August 2023

Attacking machine learning models is one of the many ways to measure the privacy of machine learning models. Therefore, studying the performance of attacks against machine learning techniques is essential to know whether somebody can share information about machine learning models, and if shared, how much can be shared? In this work, we investigate one of the widely used dimensionality reduction techniques Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We refer to a recent paper that shows how to attack PCA using a Membership Inference Attack (MIA). When using membership inference attacks against PCA, the adversary gets access to some of the principal components and wants to determine if a particular record was used to compute those principal components. We assume that the adversary knows the distribution of training data, which is a reasonable and useful assumption for a membership inference attack. With this assumption, we show that the adversary can make a data reconstruction attack, which is a more severe attack than the membership attack. For a protection mechanism, we propose that the data guardian first generate synthetic data and then compute the principal components. We also compare our proposed approach with Differentially Private Principal Component Analysis (DPPCA). The experimental findings show the degree to which the adversary successfully attempted to recover the users’ original data. We obtained comparable results with DPPCA. The number of principal components the attacker intercepted affects the attack’s outcome. Therefore, our work aims to answer how much information about machine learning models is safe to disclose while protecting users’ privacy.
Bubble nucleation and gravitational waves from holography in the probe approximation
Authors: Chen Yidian , Li Danning , Huang Mei
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We investigate the bounce solution in the holographic dark-QCD and electroweak models with first-order phase transition. The strength parameter α, inverse duration time β/H and bubble wall velocity vw in the gravitational wave power spectra are calculated by holographic bounce solution. We find the parameter α is about 𝒪(1) and β/H is about 104, which implies that the phase transition is fast and strong. The critical temperature, nucleation temperature and the temperature at the beginning time of the phase transition are close to each other in the holographic model. In addition, the velocity vw is found to be less than the sound speed of the plasma $$ {c}_s=1/\sqrt{3} $$

c
s

=
1
/

3

, which corresponds to the deflagration scenario. The gravitational wave signal from phase transitions is difficult to detect since the factor ϒ suppresses the gravitational wave power spectrum. The GW signal can be detected only when the model is in the period of electroweak phase transition and with suitable parameters. Moreover, the primordial black hole is not favorable for formation due to the large parameter β/H and small velocity vw.
Explicit black hole thermodynamics in natural variables
Authors: Hristov Kiril
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We consider the general thermal asymptotically flat Kerr-Newman black holes in 4d Einstein-Maxwell theory. Even though their thermodynamics has been understood for decades, the Gibbs free energy and on-shell action are only known implicitly as functions of the standard chemical potentials. Using the so-called left and right moving (or holomorphic and anti-holomorphic) variables related to the chemical potentials on both the outer and the inner horizons, we are able to present explicit and very simple expressions for all quantities. We discuss various limits in the parameter space, remarkably finding a smooth BPS limit allowing direct access to the extremal surface. In the BPS limit the anti-holomorphic part of the on-shell action vanishes identically, leading automatically to the holomorphic expression expected microscopically. This gives us confidence that the newly defined thermal partition function in terms of these variables is the natural candidate for a full microscopic description.
Holographic hydrodynamics of tilted Dirac materials
Authors: Moradpouri A. , Jafari S. A. , Torabian Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We present a gravity dual to a quantum material with tilted Dirac cone in 2+1 dimensional spacetime. In this many-body system the electronics degrees of freedom are strongly-coupled, constitute a Dirac fluid and admit an effective hydrodynamic description. The holographic techniques are applied to compute the thermodynamic variables and hydrodynamic transports of a fluid on the boundary of an asymptotically anti de Sitter spacetime with a boosted black hole in the bulk. We find that these materials exhibit deviations from the normal Dirac fluid which rely on the tilt of the Dirac cone. In particular, the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio is reduced and the KSS bound is violated in this system. This prediction can be experimentally verified in two-dimensional quantum materials (e.g. organic α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and 8Pmmn borophene) with tilted Dirac cone.
Manoeuvring Across Academia in National Socialist Germany: The Life and Work of Devendra Nath Bannerjea
Authors: Framke Maria
Published: August 2023

The article investigates the possibilities and limits for the academic Devendra Nath Bannerjea to find employment in National Socialist Germany by producing—what he imagined to be—useful knowledge for the state. Bannerjea, who came from the Punjab in northwestern India via London, Geneva and Rome to Berlin, defies neat categorization. He was neither a National Socialist scholar, nor can he be solely understood as an Indian anticolonial nationalist. In the more than four decades he spent in Europe, Bannerjea appeared in many different roles—as an anticolonial rebel, false diplomat, researcher, and endeavouring professor. Despite his employment in different educational institutions, his publications, and his political and academic networks, he remained a second row intellectual and political activist. His activities led to repeated conflicts, first with British and later Nazi authorities, because of his radical ideas and claims to intellectual egalitarianism on the one hand, and, even more often, because of his ‘creative’ efforts to improve his precarious living conditions on the other.

The article explores the relationship between knowledge production and National Socialist state politics through the lens of Bannerjea’s life, focussing on the exchange of resources between Bannerjea and the National Socialist apparatus. Against the backdrop of the social circumstances of his livelihood, it investigates the knowledge produced by Bannerjea and the rewards he received from the National Socialist regime in return.
Improving surface integrity by optimizing slide diamond burnishing parameters after hard turning of 42CrMo4 steel
Authors: Zaghal Jawad , Molnár Viktor , Benke Márton
Published: August 2023

Despite turning could be replaced by grinding as a finishing machining process, it is considered not satisfactory for elongating the fatigue life of the component because of the produced tensile residual stresses and irregularities formed at the surface. Therefore, a complimentary operation should be applied after hard turning. Slide diamond burnishing process is a mechanical finishing operation used after hard turning to further decrease the surface roughness, introducing compressive residual stresses, increasing the microhardness, and refining the microstructure of the surface and subsurface layer of the workpiece. The main result is increasing the fatigue life of the rotating components subjected to cyclic loading. In this work, the simultaneous effect of changing the burnishing speed, feed, and force of slide diamond burnishing on surface roughness, residual stresses, and microhardness of 42CrMo4 hard-turned steel was studied. It was found that the effect of one parameter was highly affected by the others. As a result, the optimal burnishing parameters were specified, with which better surface quality was obtained than after grinding.
Green Hyperbolic Complexes on Lorentzian Manifolds
Authors: Benini Marco , Musante Giorgio , Schenkel Alexander
Published: August 2023

We develop a homological generalization of Green hyperbolic operators, called Green hyperbolic complexes, which cover many examples of derived critical loci for gauge-theoretic quadratic action functionals in Lorentzian signature. We define Green hyperbolic complexes through a generalization of retarded and advanced Green’s operators, called retarded and advanced Green’s homotopies, which are shown to be unique up to a contractible space of choices. We prove homological generalizations of the most relevant features of Green hyperbolic operators, namely that (1) the retarded-minus-advanced cochain map is a quasi-isomorphism, (2) a differential pairing (generalizing the usual fiber-wise metric) on a Green hyperbolic complex leads to covariant and fixed-time Poisson structures and (3) the retarded-minus-advanced cochain map is compatible with these Poisson structures up to homotopy.
Integral points on symmetric affine cubic surfaces
Authors: Uppal H.
Published: August 2023

We show that if $$f(u)\in {\mathbb {Z}}[u]$$

f
(
u
)
∈
Z
[
u
]

is a monic cubic polynomial, then for all but finitely many $$n\in {\mathbb {Z}}$$

n
∈
Z

the affine cubic surface $$f(u_{1})+f(u_{2})+f(u_{3})=n \subset {\mathbb {A}}^{3}_{{\mathbb {Z}}}$$

f

(

u
1

)

+
f

(

u
2

)

+
f

(

u
3

)

=
n
⊂

A

Z
3

has no integral Brauer-Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle.
Älter werden vor dem Hintergrund einer traumatischen Kindheit
Authors: Thoma Myriam V. , Salas Castillo Aileen N. , Maercker Andreas
Published: August 2023

Missbrauchserfahrungen in frühen Lebensjahren können sich bis ins hohe Lebensalter negativ auf die Betroffenen auswirken. Heute existiert vergleichsweise wenig systematisches Wissen im Hinblick auf (un)spezifische Traumafolgen bei älteren Betroffenen. Zusätzlich besteht wenig Wissen bezüglich (relativ) unversehrter langfristiger Verläufe nach traumatischen Kindheitserfahrungen. Um einerseits diesen Forschungsrückstand aufzuholen und andererseits dabei zu helfen, ein dunkles Kapitel der Schweizer Geschichte aufzuarbeiten, wurden am Psychologischen Institut der Universität Zürich mehrere Studien mit ehemaligen Betroffenen von „Fürsorgerischen Zwangsmaßnahmen und Fremdplatzierung“ durchgeführt. Ziel war es herauszufinden, inwieweit solche Erfahrungen mit der körperlichen und psychischen Gesundheit im Alter zusammenhängen.
Changes in soil pore structure generated by the root systems of maize, sorghum and switchgrass affect in situ N2O emissions and bacterial denitrification
Authors: Lucas Maik , Gil J. , Robertson G. P. , Ostrom N. E. , Kravchenko A.
Published: August 2023

Due to the heterogeneous nature of soil pore structure, processes such as nitrification and denitrification can occur simultaneously at microscopic levels, making prediction of small-scale nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the field notoriously difficult. We assessed N2O+N2 emissions from soils under maize (Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and energy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), three potential bioenergy crops in order to identify the importance of different N2O sources to microsite production, and relate N2O source differences to crop-associated differences in pore structure formation. The combination of isotopic surveys of N2O in the field during one growing season and X-ray computed tomography (CT) enabled us to link results from isotopic mappings to soil structural properties. Further, our methodology allowed us to evaluate the potential for in situ N2O suppression by biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in energy sorghum. Our results demonstrated that the fraction of N2O originating from bacterial denitrification and reduction of N2O to N2 is largely determined by the volume of particulate organic matter occluded within the soil matrix and the anaerobic soil volume. Bacterial denitrification was greater in switchgrass than in the annual crops, related to changes in pore structure caused by the coarse root system. This led to high N-loses through N2 emissions in the switchgrass system throughout the season a novel finding given the lack of data in the literature for total denitrification. Isotopic mapping indicated no differences in N2O-fluxes or their source processes between maize and energy sorghum that could be associated with the release of BNI by the investigated sorghum variety. The results of this research show how differences in soil pore structures among cropping systems can determine both N2O production via denitrification and total denitrification N losses in situ.
Exploring the relationship between social jetlag with gut microbial composition, diet and cardiometabolic health, in the ZOE PREDICT 1 cohort
Authors: Bermingham Kate M. , Stensrud Sophie , Asnicar Francesco , Valdes Ana M. , Franks Paul W. , Wolf Jonathan , Hadjigeorgiou George , Davies Richard , Spector Tim D. , Segata Nicola , Berry Sarah E. , Hall Wendy L.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In this study, we explore the relationship between social jetlag (SJL), a parameter of circadian misalignment, and gut microbial composition, diet and cardiometabolic health in the ZOE PREDICT 1 cohort (NCT03479866).

Methods

We assessed demographic, diet, cardiometabolic, stool metagenomics and postprandial metabolic measures (n = 1002). We used self-reported habitual sleep (n = 934) to calculate SJL (difference in mid-sleep time point of ≥ 1.5 h on week versus weekend days). We tested group differences (SJL vs no-SJL) in cardiometabolic markers and diet (ANCOVA) adjusting for sex, age, BMI, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. We performed comparisons of gut microbial composition using machine learning and association analyses on the species level genome bins present in at least 20% of the samples.

Results

The SJL group (16%, n = 145) had a greater proportion of males (39% vs 25%), shorter sleepers (average sleep < 7 h; 5% vs 3%), and were younger (38.4 ± 11.3y vs 46.8 ± 11.7y) compared to the no-SJL group. SJL was associated with a higher relative abundance of 9 gut bacteria and lower abundance of 8 gut bacteria (q < 0.2 and absolute Cohen’s effect size > 0.2), in part mediated by diet. SJL was associated with unfavourable diet quality (less healthful Plant-based Diet Index), higher intakes of potatoes and sugar-sweetened beverages, and lower intakes of fruits, and nuts, and slightly higher markers of inflammation (GlycA and IL-6) compared with no-SJL (P < 0.05 adjusted for covariates); rendered non-significant after multiple testing adjustments.

Conclusions

Novel associations between SJL and a more disadvantageous gut microbiome in a cohort of predominantly adequate sleepers highlight the potential implications of SJL for health.
Clinical observational study on the efficacy of induction chemotherapy sequential concurrent radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy in patients with locally advanced EGFR-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma: prediction model construction and efficacy testing
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Xiang XueJing , Ma XiaoJie
Published: August 2023

Objective

To establish a nomogram for prediction of prognosis in EGFR-positive advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who were treated with induction chemotherapy (IC) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The clinical data of 124 NPC patients who received IC sequential CCRT combined with targeted therapy at the Department of Oncology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between June 2017 and September 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors for building the nomogram.

Results

Multifactorial regression analysis showed that the use of targeted drugs and T stage were independent factors of prognosis (p < 0.05) and the equation Y = 0.476 + 2.733X1 + − 0.758 × 2 (Y = efficacy, X1 = targeted drug therapy, X2 = T stage) was obtained. Then, a prognostic nomogram prediction model was constructed. The prediction model was validated internally for 1000 times using the Bootstrap resampling method with an accuracy of 79.29%. The calibration curve suggests that the predicted values fit well with the true values. The clinical decision curve (DCA) shows that the model has good clinical predictive value.

Conclusion

The use of targeted therapy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with EGFR-positive advanced NPC. For advanced NPC patients with T1 and T2 stages, IC sequenced with CCRT is more effective, and the addition of targeted therapy can further improve patients’ prognosis. For advanced NPC patients with T3 and T4 stages, IC sequenced with CCRT is ineffective, and the addition of targeted therapy can significantly improve patient prognosis.
Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma and surrounding gray areas: a report of the lymphoma workshop of the 20th meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology
Authors: Gibson Sarah E. , Dojcinov Stefan , Dotlic Snjezana , Hartmann Sylvia , Hsi Eric D. , Klimkowska Monika , Melle Federica , Pileri Stefano A. , Ramsower Colleen A. , Rech Karen , Rimsza Lisa M. , Rodriguez-Pinilla Socorro Maria , Tousseyn Thomas A. , de Jong Daphne , Sabattini Elena
Published: August 2023

Session 3 of the 2021 European Association for Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology Workshop focused on mediastinal large B cell lymphomas and surrounding gray areas. One half of the session was dedicated to primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMBL) and included cases with classic clinicopathologic features, as well as cases with either morphologic or immunophenotypic variation, and PMBL-like cases with primary extramediastinal disease. The role of additional immunophenotyping and/or molecular testing to aid in the diagnosis of PMBL was discussed. The second half of the session focused on mediastinal and non-mediastinal gray zone lymphomas (GZL) with features intermediate between diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Several cases illustrating the current challenges in separating this entity from PMBL/DLBCL and CHL were presented. There was discussion regarding the clinical and genetic differences between mediastinal and non-mediastinal GZLs. Rare cases of PMBL and GZL associated with EBV or follicular lymphoma were reviewed. Finally, several cases included in the session highlighted composite or sequential CHL and PMBL/DLBCL and/or GZL, highlighting challenges in separating such cases from GZL.
Guide curves in stochastic dynamic programming to optimize operation policies in sequential hydropower dams
Authors: Juárez Maritza Liliana Arganis , Ramírez Rosalva Mendoza , Mora Ramón Domínguez , Reséndiz Alejandro Mendoza , Esteban Rosa Valencia , De la Cruz Courtois Omar Antonio , Elizondo Eliseo Carrizosa
Published: August 2023

The guide curves are tools that specify rules for dam operation that allow reducing the chances of unwanted spill or deficit events. In this research, we analyzed the importance of using guide curves and penalizing the deviation of such curves by the occurrence of surplus volume, or deficit, using optimization tools on an objective function that apply stochastic dynamic programming (SDP), guide curves and reservoir operation simulation all together, to obtain and evaluate biweekly operation policies for hydropower generation purposes. The main dams of the Grijalva River were taken as a case study. The optimization tool is based on sequential decision stages (time intervals) to operate a dam system that considers the restrictions on storage volumes, defined by high and low guide curves. An objective function was considered which maximizes energy generation, it uses coefficients to penalize unwanted events of spills, deficits, and operation conditions outside the limits of the guide curves. In conjunction with the agencies that manage the system, three tests with different guide curves were defined. To analyze their sensitivity in the results (mainly events of spillage) one more test was defined for an operation rule without considering guide curves. The system behavior was simulated with the historical record, where five variables were analyzed: total spills and deficit, minimum and maximum storage, as well as the average energy generated. By using the guide curves, the occurrence of spills and deficits was avoided.
Comparison of homocitrulline and carbamylated albumin as biomarkers of carbamylation reactions in hemodialyzed patients
Authors: Lenglet Aurelie , Jaisson Stéphane , Gillery Philippe , El Balkhi Souleiman , Liabeuf Sophie , Massy Ziad A.
Published: August 2023

To describe the association between levels of homocitrulline (HCit) and the degree of albumin carbamylation in a cohort of hemodialyzed patients. Plasma total and protein-bound HCit concentrations in samples from hemodialyzed patients included in NICOREN trial were determined by LC–MS/MS at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment with either sevelamer or nicotinamide. HCit concentrations at all timepoints and in both groups were positively and significantly correlated with the degree of albumin carbamylation. Plasma concentrations of total HCit, protein-bound HCit and carbamylated albumin did not decrease after 24 weeks of treatment with either sevelamer or nicotinamide. The present results demonstrate that plasma total and protein-bound HCit concentrations were closely associated with albumin carbamylation in hemodialyzed patients. Therefore, total and protein-bound HCit concentrations might be valuable biomarkers of the overall intensity of protein carbamylation in this context. Given the less complex and time-consuming analytical methods required, these markers should be favored in future clinical studies of carbamylation reaction.
A fast time domain solver for the equilibrium Dyson equation
Authors: Kaye Jason , U. R. Strand Hugo
Published: August 2023

We consider the numerical solution of the real-time equilibrium Dyson equation, which is used in calculations of the dynamical properties of quantum many-body systems. We show that this equation can be written as a system of coupled, nonlinear, convolutional Volterra integro-differential equations, for which the kernel depends self-consistently on the solution. As is typical in the numerical solution of Volterra-type equations, the computational bottleneck is the quadratic-scaling cost of history integration. However, the structure of the nonlinear Volterra integral operator precludes the use of standard fast algorithms. We propose a quasilinear-scaling FFT-based algorithm which respects the structure of the nonlinear integral operator. The resulting method can reach large propagation times and is thus well-suited to explore quantum many-body phenomena at low energy scales. We demonstrate the solver with two standard model systems: the Bethe graph and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model.