bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of immunocytes functions by prunus cerasus fruit and its biotherapeutic potential in mice model
Authors: Abid Ali Sheikh , Ahmad Refaz , Ahmad Nazir , Makhdoomi Mudasir , Parvaiz Qazi
Published: January 2020

A substantial and growing body of scientific research has linked Sour cherries to various biotherapeutic properties and suggested as a candidate for immunomodulation. The effects of graded doses of a chemically standardized methanolic fruit extract (PcMFE) of Prunus cerasus on the immune system and anti-oxidative status of SRBC immunized BALB/c mice were investigated. Oral administration of PcMFE (100-250 mg/kg) enhanced the expression pattern of IgM and IgG titres, stimulated cell mediated immunity reaching peak value with 200 mg/kg b. wt. Flowcytometric analysis of surface markers of T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells (CD 19+) indicated prominent enhancement in proliferation and differentiation of these lymphocytes. The extract enhanced expression of T helper cells Th1 cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the sera of treated mice compared with the control group. In vivo studies showed PcMFE increased spleen and thymus indices, activated macrophage functions ex-vivo as indicated by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction potential, inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and bactericidal property significantly. Furthermore, the oxidative stress marker studies revealed that the administration of PcMFE significantly decreased levels of LPO, increased the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px as compared to the control group. These findings indicate PcMFE has immunomodulatory activity in vivo and might play an important role in prevention of oxidative damage in immunological system.
Multimodal Medical Image Fusion based on Gray Wolf Optimization and Hilbert Transform
Authors: Kaur Kamaldeep , Budhiraja Sumit , Sharma Neeraj
Published: January 2020

Image fusion combines complimentary information from multiple images acquired through different sensors, into a single image. In this paper, an image fusion technique based on Gray wolf optimization is proposed for fusion of medical images, Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Firstly, Hilbert transformation is applied to extort the informative data from input images. The relevant part of the input images based on information present, is selected for image fusion. The selected portion of the input images is fused by using Gray wolf optimization based method. The simulation results show improved performance of proposed framework as compared to conventional techniques.
Rethinking the ambition gap: gender and candidate emergence in comparative perspective
Authors: Piscopo Jennifer M. , Kenny Meryl
Published: January 2020

The gender gap in political ambition is often presented as an immutable fact about the political world. This special issue interrogates this fact, drawing on case studies from across the globe. Taken together, the contributions move the research agenda away from explaining why (or whether) women have less ambition than men, and towards understanding the gendered dynamics of candidate emergence. These gendered dynamics include individual, institutional and contextual factors, thus shifting the emphasis away from gender gaps and towards gendered explanations. This analysis further underscores how exhorting women to ‘lean in’ to candidacy cannot solve the problem of men’s over-representation in politics.
Common-path–based device for magnetomotive OCT noise reduction
Authors: Ma Zhenhe , Liu Xiaodi , Yin Bin , Zhao Yuqian , Liu Jian , Yu Yao , Wang Yi
Published: January 2020

Magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MMOCT) is a promising imaging method for noninvasive three-dimensional tracking of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) motions in target tissues or organs. The external

B

-field is the driving force that provides MMOCT contrast. However,

B

-field modulation also introduces modulation noise, thereby decreasing the quality of the MMOCT image. In this paper, a common-path–based device is designed for modulation noise reduction. The device is capable of adjusting interference distance, reference light intensity, and imaging position (

X

−

Y

translation). The sensitivity of the MMOCT is increased by

∼

20

times with the new device. Using the proposed device, the distribution of MNPs injected in zebrafish was imaged.
Least square fitting demodulation technique for the interrogation of an optical fiber Fabry–Perot sensor with arbitrary reflectivity
Authors: Liu Wenyi , Ren Qianyu , Jia Pinggang , Hong Yingping , Liang Ting , Liu Jia , Xiong Jijun
Published: January 2020

A novel Fabry–Perot (F–P) demodulation technique based on least square fitting for arbitrary reflectivity F–P sensors is proposed. The demodulation method was simulated and analyzed to verify feasibility of the algorithm. Two different finesse F–P interferometers constructed with a reflector bracket were used to make the stability experiments and the stepping experiments. The results show that the demodulation technique can interrogate the cavity length of F–P interferometers with different fineness in a wide range, and the demodulation error is less than 12 nm.
Athermalization of dual-waveband infrared systems containing diffractive optical elements via optical–digital joint design
Authors: Hu Yang , Cui Qingfeng , Sun Lin , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2020

Because of material limitations, achieving an athermal design for dual-waveband infrared systems is difficult. This study integrates single-layer diffractive elements to reduce the volume and weight of such a design and introduces optical–digital joint methods to eliminate the impact of low diffraction efficiency. To achieve athermalization, temperature polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency and temperature integral wavelength weight are incorporated in the point spread function (PSF) model. Influence of low diffraction efficiency is eliminated via subsequent algorithm processing. Accordingly, athermal design and processing of a cooled dual-waveband infrared system is achieved and verified via experimental results.
2D modeling of silicon optical PN phase shifter
Authors: Mishra Darpan , Sonkar Ramesh Kumar
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a 2D model of a silicon lateral PN optical phase shifter is presented, which can be used for multiple-parameter study and optimization of device performance without the need for any commercial numerical tools. The model shows good agreement with technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation and can be used to calculate the phase shift, absorption loss, modulation efficiency, and insertion loss of the phase shifter. Multiple-parameter study includes the waveguide dimensions, operating wavelength, cladding material, doping concentrations, junction offset, and applied voltage. The model employs the effective index method to determine the mode properties and construct the 2D mode field. The PN diode is modeled by taking into account the fringing electric field at the core–cladding interface, which results in a wider depletion region near the interface. Multiple-loss components are discussed, and the scattering loss and free-carrier absorption are modeled using Payne–Lacey and Soref models, respectively. The model uses 2D modal overlap with 2D carrier distribution across the waveguide to calculate the phase shifter performance metrics. The algorithm used to model the 2D nature of the PN diode depletion region is presented in detail and uses mathematical and analytical formulas instead of numerical methods, making the model faster and easy to implement, with accuracy on par with commercial tools.
Heralded universal quantum computing on electron spins in diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers assisted by low-Q microtoroidal resonators
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Xin , Lin Jia-Ying , Zhang Mei
Published: January 2020

Heralded universal quantum gates can largely decrease the quantum resource consumed in the integration of a multiqubit quantum circuit. Here, we present a scheme for heralded universal quantum computing, including the construction of the CNOT gate, Fredkin gate, and Toffoli gate on the electron spins in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers assisted by low-

Q

microtoroidal resonators. These quantum gates can achieve unity fidelity, as the infidelity induced by the imperfect input–output process is transferred into photon loss. The clicks on different single-photon detectors can either herald the success of the quantum gates or instruct an immediate recycling procedure, even without reinitializing the NV centers. Besides the heralding, this scheme is also more realistic, observing that the non-monochromatic auxiliary photon and the inhomogeneous NV centers have no adverse impact on fidelity. The high fidelity and efficiency with experimental parameters show that the scheme is feasible with current technology.
Polarization design for ground-to-satellite quantum entanglement distribution
Authors: Han Xuan , Yong Hai-Lin , Xu Ping , Yang Kui-Xing , Li Shuang-Lin , Wang Wei-Yang , Xue Hua-Jian , Li Feng-Zhi , Ren Ji-Gang , Peng Cheng-Zhi , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: January 2020

High-fidelity transmission of polarization encoded qubits plays a key role in long distance quantum communication. By establishing the channel between ground and satellite, the communication distance can even exceed thousands of kilometers. Aimed to achieve the efficient uplink quantum communication, here we describe a high-fidelity polarization design of a transmitting antenna with an average polarization extinction ratio of 887:1 by a local test. We also implement a feasible polarization-compensation scheme for satellite motions with a fidelity exceeding 0.995 ± 0.001. Based on these works, we demonstrate the ground-to-satellite entanglment distribution with a violation of Bell inequality by 2.312±0.096, which is well above the classic limit 2.
Terahertz wave generation via difference frequency generation using 2D InxGa1-xSe crystal grown from indium flux
Authors: Sato Yohei , Tang Chao , Watanabe Katsuya , Ohsaki Junya , Yamamoto Takuya , Tezuka Nobuki , Tanabe Tadao , Oyama Yutaka
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate the generation of THz waves (frequency 9.7 THz) using difference frequency generation in an InxGa1-xSe mixed crystal grown from In flux. The amount of indium and the lattice constant of the crystal were evaluated using electron micro probe analysis and X-ray diffraction, respectively. We believe that the Ga sites were substituted by In atoms in the InxGa1-xSe crystal because the In content, estimated according to the Vegard’s law, was similar to that measured by EPMA. The maximum power of the generated THz wave was 39 pJ and the conversion efficiency was 1.7×10−5 J−1. This conversion efficiency was 28 times larger than that reported for undoped GaSe crystal.
Exceptional point-based plasmonic metasurfaces for vortex beam generation
Authors: Leung Ho Ming , Gao Wensheng , Zhang Ranran , Zhao Qiuling , Wang Xia , Chan C. T. , Li Jensen , Tam Wing Yim
Published: January 2020

An exceptional point occurring in a tailor-made lossy optical system has been recently found to alter optical properties in counter-intuitive ways. In the context of tunable plasmonic devices, exceptional points can be useful as a driving mechanism to enhance tunability. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how a plasmonic exceptional point can be incorporated in metasurface Q-plates to have the generated vortex beam tuned through a change of structural parameter. We have observed an orbital rotation in the far-field by 45 degrees in crossing the exceptional point. We expect a new generation of tunable plasmonic devices in polarization control, beam structuring and holograms, which can take advantage of the huge sensitivity from exceptional points.
Accurate ray tracing model of an imaging system based on image mapper
Authors: Liu Anqi , Su Lijuan , Yuan Yan , Ding Xiaoming
Published: January 2020

The image mapper plays a key role in the imaging process of the image mapping spectrometer (IMS), which is a snapshot imaging spectrometer with superiority in light throughput, temporal resolution, and compactness. In this paper, an accurate ray tracing model of the imaging units of the IMS, especially the image mapper, is presented in the form of vector operation. Based on the proposed model, the behavior of light reflection on the image mapper is analyzed thoroughly, including the precise position of the reflection point and interaction between adjacent facets. Rigorous spatial correspondence between object points and pixels on the detector is determined by tracing the chief ray of an arbitrary point in the field. The shadowing effect, which is shadowing between adjacent facets and blocking caused by the facets’ side walls, is analyzed based on our model. The experimental results verify the fidelity of the model and the existence of the shadowing effect. The research is meaningful for comprehending the imaging mechanism of the IMS and facilitates the design and analysis process in the future.
Ultra compact Bragg grating devices with broadband selectivity
Authors: Li Ang , Davis Jordan , Fainman Yeshaiahu
Published: January 2020

Current silicon waveguide Bragg gratings typically introduce perturbation to the optical mode in the form of modulation of the waveguide width or cladding. However, since such a perturbation approach is limited to weak perturbations to avoid intolerable scattering loss and higher-order modal coupling, it is difficult to produce ultra-wide stopbands. In this Letter, we report an ultra-compact Bragg grating device with strong perturbations by etching nanoholes in the waveguide core to enable an ultra-large stopband with apodization achieved by proper location of the nanoholes. With this approach, a 15 µm long device can generate a stopband as wide as 110 nm that covers the entire

C

+

L

band with a 40 dB extinction ratio and over a 10 dB sidelobe suppression ratio (SSR). Similar structures can be further optimized to achieve higher SSR of

>

17

d
B

for a stopband of about 80 nm.
The Most Important Paper You’ve Never Read
Authors: Trebino Rick
Published: January 2020

A half-century ago, a seminal but largely forgotten study
identified the “coherent artifact” in measurements of
ultrashort laser pulses.
Comparison Study of Time Synchronization in NC-OFDM Systems Based on Symmetric Correlator
Authors: Miftahushudur Tajul , Suyoto Suyoto
Published: January 2020

NC-OFDM as one of the candidates for the Cognitive Radio (CR) system has many challenges in the synchronizing time. This is due to the frequency sharing which can cause Narrowband Interference (NBI), which causes a very significant time synchronization error. Large errors in time synchronization can reduce overall NCOFDM system performance. In this study, we evaluate the time synchronization performance of NC-OFDM systems on the multipath channel in the present of NBI. We provide an evaluation of the time synchronization performance by comparing the time synchronization algorithm that has a timing metric such as an impulse-like (Symmetric correlator). Here, we present three algorithms that use the symbol training to calculate the arrival time of the NC-OFDM symbol. The simulation conducted by considering the effects of multipath channel, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), and SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio). SIR is modeled with NBI. Algorithm performance is measured by MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and MSE (Mean Squared Error). Simulation results show that the autocorrelation-based method has very poor performance in MAE and MSE tests, so it is not suitable for NC-OFDMbased Cognitive Radio systems. The GLRT (Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test) method and Iterative Normalization method perform well in case the NC-OFDM Cognitive Radio systems.
Increased lipoxin B4 levels in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Akar Himmet Haluk , Yildiz Mikdat
Published: January 2020

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in the pediatric population. The pathophysiology of AD is complex and not clearly understood. The role of lipoxin B4 (LXB4), an anti-inflammatory mediator, has not been sufficiently investigated in children with AD to our knowledge. Objective To compare the levels of serum LXB4 between children with AD and healthy controls.   Methods Three groups of children were enrolled in this study: a SPT-Pos group (skin prick test positive 21 subjects with AD), a SPT-Neg group (skin prick test negative 22 subjects with AD), and a control group (23 healthy subjects). Subjects’ serum LXB4 levels of were measured with an ELISA technique. Also, eosinophil counts and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were compared among all groups. Results We observed significantly higher LXB4 levels in AD patients than in controls. Also, LXB4 levels were significantly higher in the SPT-Pos group than in the SPT-Neg group and control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the SPT-Neg and control groups. Conclusion The LXB4 may have an anti-inflammatory mediator role in the pathogenesis of AD in children. The LXB4-associated pathways may be considered in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients with AD.
Allelopathic inhibition of germination, seedling growth and cell division of selected plant species by Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait.
Authors: Hussain Farrukh , Rasool Aneela , Aziz Khalid , Raisham Sapna , Aziz Sajid , Badshah Lal , Hussain Wahid
Published: January 2020

Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. is perennial medicinal obnoxious shrub growing in Pakistan up to 1500 m altitude. Hot and water aqueous extracts from leaves and young stems of C. procera were used against Pennisetum glaucum (Linn.) R. Br., Setaria italica (Linn.) P. Beauv., Brassica campestris Linn. and Lactuca sativa L. under laboratory condition. It was seen that germination, seedling growth, fresh and dry biomass reduced in concentration dependent manner. It was observed that the allelopathic effects depended upon the tested species, growth parameter measured, soaking duration and concentration of the donor plant material. The C. procera litter incorporated into the growth medium inhibited the test species used. The C. procera extracts from leaves were more inhibitory than stem extracts. The tendency of inhibition was radical growth > germination > plumule growth suggesting radicle growth to be a better measure of allelopathy. Leaf extracts significantly reduced division and size of cells. It is suggested that aqueous extract from C. procera can be further assessed against microbes and weed under laboratory and field condition.
Quantitative assessment and status of ethnomedicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Shariat , Badshah Lal , Ali Asghar , Muhammad Noor
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018, to enumerate the quantitative attributes and current status of medicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, District Dir Lower, Pakistan. A total of 51 species were documented for their medicinal uses. These plants belonged to 31 families. Results of this study revealed that leaves were the frequently used part (50%), followed by whole plants (only 30%) in curing different ailments. Many plants were found to be having multiple uses. Based on family importance value (FIV), Lamiaceae was the leading plant family (126.30) followed by Violaceae (55.81), while highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) was noted for Viola canescens (0.558) followed by Olea europaea (0.523). Conservation study revealed that 24 species (47%) were vulnerable, 22 species (43%) were rare and 4 species (8%) were noted as infrequent. Following IUCN standards for conservation, one species i.e. Hypericum perforatum was declared dominant. This study recommends immediate ex-situ and in-situ conservation programme for protecting the plant wealth of the locality.
Seed and seedling morphology of some medicinal plants of family Malvaceae in Tripura, North-east India
Authors: Rani Rashmi , Datta B K
Published: January 2020

Plants in their juvenile stage possess some important characters which are very important and promising from the taxonomic as well as evolutionary point of view. Seed and Seedling morphology of ten species of Malvaceae has been investigated on the basis of their germination pattern, position of cotyledon, hypocotyl, epicotyl and paracotyledon and eophylls development. An artificial key has been constructed for easier identification of plants in their juvenile stage. Phenogram has been made by using UPGMA analysis to investigate the correlation between the investigated taxa.
Macro and microscopic evaluation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. – A botanical pharmacognostic approach for quality control of raw drug material
Authors: Vignesh R M , Sumitha V R
Published: January 2020

Gmelina arborea Roxb. of family Verbenaceae, is one of the highly valued medicinal plant used in numerous traditional medical formulations. It belongs to the ‘Dasamoola’ group of ayurvedic medicinal plants and hence widely exploited. Pharmacognostic techniques involving macroscopic, microscopic and also dry powder analysis serve as botanical methods which help in the correct identification of the crude drug. Leaf constants such as stomatal number, stomatal index, vein islet number, vein termination number also have been determined. Better quality control practices in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries demand the correct identification of the dried plants or powdered drug thereby detects and prevents the adulterations, if any. The challenge ahead of this investigation is to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the plant following standard methodology.
Distinct P2Y Receptors Mediate Extension and Retraction of Microglial Processes in Epileptic and Peritumoral Human Tissue
Authors: Milior Giampaolo , Morin-Brureau Mélanie , Chali Farah , Le Duigou Caroline , Savary Etienne , Huberfeld Gilles , Rouach Nathalie , Pallud Johan , Capelle Laurent , Navarro Vincent , Mathon Bertrand , Clemenceau Stéphane , Miles Richard
Published: January 2020

Microglia exhibit multiple, phenotype-dependent motility patterns often triggered by purinergic stimuli. However, little data exist on motility of human microglia in pathological situations. Here we examine motility of microglia stained with a fluorescent lectin in tissue slices from female and male epileptic patients diagnosed with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy or cortical glioma (peritumoral cortex). Microglial shape varied from ramified to amoeboid cells predominantly in regions of high neuronal loss or closer to a tumor. Live imaging revealed unstimulated or purine-induced microglial motilities, including surveillance movements, membrane ruffling, and process extension or retraction. At different concentrations, ADP triggered opposing motilities. Low doses triggered process extension. It was suppressed by P2Y12 receptor antagonists, which also reduced process length and surveillance movements. Higher purine doses caused process retraction and membrane ruffling, which were blocked by joint application of P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptor antagonists. Purinergic effects on motility were similar for all microglia tested. Both amoeboid and ramified cells from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy or peritumoral cortex tissue expressed P2Y12 receptors. A minority of microglia expressed the adenosine A2A receptor, which has been linked with process withdrawal of rodent cells. Laser-mediated tissue damage let us test the functional significance of these effects. Moderate damage induced microglial process extension, which was blocked by P2Y12 receptor antagonists. Overall, the purine-induced motility of human microglia in epileptic tissue is similar to that of rodent microglia in that the P2Y12 receptor initiates process extension. It differs in that retraction is triggered by joint activation of P2Y1/P2Y13 receptors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMicroglial cells are brain-resident immune cells with multiple functions in healthy or diseased brains. These diverse functions are associated with distinct phenotypes, including different microglial shapes. In the rodent, purinergic signaling is associated with changes in cell shape, such as process extension toward tissue damage. However, there are little data on living human microglia, especially in diseased states. We developed a reliable technique to stain microglia from epileptic and glioma patients to examine responses to purines. Low-intensity purinergic stimuli induced process extension, as in rodents. In contrast, high-intensity stimuli triggered a process withdrawal mediated by both P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptors. P2Y1/P2Y13 receptor activation has not previously been linked to microglial morphological changes.
An Annotated Journey through Modern Visual Neuroscience
Authors: Trenholm Stuart , Krishnaswamy Arjun
Published: January 2020

Recent advances in microscopy, genetics, physiology, and data processing have expanded the scope and accelerated the pace of discovery in visual neuroscience. However, the pace of discovery and the ever increasing number of published articles can present a serious issue for both trainees and senior scientists alike: with each passing year the fog of progress thickens, making it easy to lose sight of important earlier advances. As part of this special issue of the Journal of Neuroscience commemorating the 50th anniversary of SfN, here, we provide a variation on Stephen Kuffler'sOldies but Goodiesclassic reading list, with the hope that by looking back at highlights in the field of visual neuroscience we can better define remaining gaps in our knowledge and thus guide future work. We also hope that this article can serve as a resource that will aid those new to the field to find their bearings.
A Multidimensional Neural Maturation Index Reveals Reproducible Developmental Patterns in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Truelove-Hill Monica , Erus Guray , Bashyam Vishnu , Varol Erdem , Sako Chiharu , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Zhuo Chuanjun , Fan Yong , Wolf Daniel H. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Davatzikos Christos
Published: January 2020

Adolescence is a time of extensive neural restructuring, leaving one susceptible to atypical development. Although neural maturation in humans can be measured using functional and structural MRI, the subtle patterns associated with the initial stages of abnormal change may be difficult to identify, particularly at an individual level. Brain age prediction models may have utility in assessing brain development in an individualized manner, as deviations between chronological age and predicted brain age could reflect one's divergence from typical development. Here, we built a support vector regression model to summarize high-dimensional neuroimaging as an index of brain age in both sexes. Using structural and functional MRI data from two large pediatric datasets and a third clinical dataset, we produced and validated a two-dimensional neural maturation index (NMI) that characterizes typical brain maturation patterns and identifies those who deviate from this trajectory. Examination of brain signatures associated with NMI scores revealed that elevated scores were related to significantly lower gray matter volume and significantly higher white matter volume, particularly in high-order regions such as the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, those with higher NMI scores exhibited enhanced connectivity in several functional brain networks, including the default mode network. Analysis of data from a sample of male and female patients with schizophrenia revealed an association between advanced NMI scores and schizophrenia diagnosis in participants aged 16–22, confirming the NMI's utility as a marker of atypicality. Altogether, our findings support the NMI as an individualized, interpretable measure by which neural development in adolescence may be assessed.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe substantial neural restructuring that occurs during adolescence increases one's vulnerability to aberration. A brain index that is capable of capturing one's conformance with typical development will allow for individualized assessment and enhance our understanding of typical and atypical development. In this analysis, we produce a neural maturation index (NMI) using support vector regression and a large pediatric sample. This index generalizes across multiple cohorts and shows potential in the identification of clinical groups. We also implement a novel method for examining the developmental trajectory through data-driven analysis. The signatures identified by the NMI reflect key stages of the extensive neural development that occurs during adolescence and support its utility as a metric of typical brain development.
Talking Loud and Saying Nothing
Authors: Desnoyers-Colas Elizabeth F.
Published: January 2020

The road a predominantly white institution (PWI) takes to maximize diversity, inclusion, and equity can be fraught with challenges. One midsize institution learned through an assessment of its campus climate that its institutional practices and arrangements impeded diversity, inclusion, and equity despite white administrators' beliefs to the contrary. To help quell systemic racism habits, monthly campus-wide workshops focused on several key racial injustice habits and hurtful microaggressions generated from white privilege. A faux social justice allure to white allies who considered themselves advocates of nondominant people is one that should ultimately call into question the genuineness and true nature of their support. This semi-autoethnographic essay is a plaintive call to white colleagues in the academy to earnestly acknowledge white privilege and to use it to actively fight the destructive force of racial battle fatigue and institutional racism.
White Liberals Need to Stop Talking and Start Listening
Authors: Bates Benjamin R.
Published: January 2020

In this essay, I draw on personal and institutional experiences to argue that, rather than false listening, and rather than speaking, white liberals need to engage in a more careful form of listening. I argue that we (by we, I mean, explicitly, white liberals) need to attend to whom we are listening and the reasons we are listening.
Introduction to Special Issue on Merit, Whiteness, and Privilege
Authors: Rodriguez Amardo , Dutta Mohan J. , Desnoyers-Colas Elizabeth F.
Published: January 2020

Hegemons arise by smashing and terrorizing human diversity. They do so structurally, institutionally, and discursively—that is, through logics, rationales, and schemes. In this special issue, we grapple with the racism problem that pervades communication studies. In fact, the discipline has long had a racism problem, silenced by overarching structures that deploy the language of civility to erase conversations that call out this problem. This special issue, “Merit, Whiteness, and Privilege,” focuses on the racial, ideological, and epistemological logics, rationales, and schemes, such as falsely separating scholarly merit from diversity, that the status quo in communication studies employs to keep minority peoples marginalized. We contend that looking at the racism problem that pervades communication studies from a perspective of whiteness deepens our understanding of this problem in profound ways.
The Violence of White Entitlement and the Hypocrisy of Earned Merit
Authors: Jackson Ronald L. , McDonald Ashley
Published: January 2020

The immense set of sociopolitical privileges that insulate and protect white people teaches them in sometimes implicit ways that not only are they better than people of color, but also that racial others are subordinate. Despite how ridiculous this presumption of superiority sounds, it is repeatedly steeped in the consciousness of white people from a very early age. In discussing what it means to have merit among a diverse population, it should be considered that the parties involved are speaking with different definitions. White merit is defined by privilege and access, and is dependent on specific adherence to unspoken rules protecting whiteness.
Merit's Shell Game
Authors: Sciullo Nick J.
Published: January 2020

In this essay, I argue that the problem with merit is not that people should not be given what they deserve, but rather that what certain people deserve is devalued in a merit-based system depending on their identity. This means that quite often achievement is not evaluated equally in academia for minoritarian faculty, graduate students, and staff members as countless blogs, scholarly presentations and papers, and tweets document.
Peroxisomal fission is modulated by the mitochondrial Rho‐GTPases, Miro1 and Miro2
Authors: Covill‐Cooke Christian , Toncheva Viktoriya S , Drew James , Birsa Nicol , López‐Doménech Guillermo , Kittler Josef T
Published: January 2020

Peroxisomes are essential for a number of cellular functions, including reactive oxygen species metabolism, fatty acid β‐oxidation and lipid synthesis. To ensure optimal functionality, peroxisomal size, shape and number must be dynamically maintained; however, many aspects of how this is regulated remain poorly characterised. Here, we show that the localisation of Miro1 and Miro2—outer mitochondrial membrane proteins essential for mitochondrial trafficking—to peroxisomes is not required for basal peroxisomal distribution and long‐range trafficking, but rather for the maintenance of peroxisomal size and morphology through peroxisomal fission. Mechanistically, this is achieved by Miro negatively regulating Drp1‐dependent fission, a function that is shared with the mitochondria. We further find that the peroxisomal localisation of Miro is regulated by its first GTPase domain and is mediated by an interaction through its transmembrane domain with the peroxisomal‐membrane protein chaperone, Pex19. Our work highlights a shared regulatory role of Miro in maintaining the morphology of both peroxisomes and mitochondria, supporting a crosstalk between peroxisomal and mitochondrial biology.
The Communicative Competence Components Analysis in Using English through EIR
Authors: Faradilla Ayu Silvana , Rukmini Dwi
Published: January 2020

This study was aimed to explain the communicative competence components of the fourth semester English Department students through English Interaction Room (EIR). The communicative competence components in using English were analyzed based on the grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence and strategic competence.

This study used qualitative method which means that the data of this study were explained by using descriptive analysis method. The result showed that (1) Mostly, the utterances of the participants were ungrammatical in syntax, while some were in morpheme, but those were acceptable (2) Mostly the utterances were appropriate with the topic discussed. the participants were able to construct a unified discourse, (3) Mostly, the utterances seemed natural and used less formal language, and (4) Most participants used achievement strategy to hold the conversation.

In conclusion, most of EIR participants are communicative in using English viewed from the discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence and strategic competence. They need to increase their competence of using English grammar.

 Keywords: Communicative Competence; Using English; English Interaction Room (EIR).
The Comparison between Wattpad and Blog in Project Based Learning to Teach Written Analytical Exposition Text
Authors: Hanifah Fahmi Millati , Bharati Dwi Anggani Linggar
Published: January 2020

This final project was based on a research which attempts to investigate the use of wattpad and blog combined with project based learning in teaching writing skills. The purpose of the study was to find out which one is more effective between wattpad and blog in project based learning to teach written analytical exposition text. A quasi-experimental study was used as the research design in this study. The sample was the eleventh grade students of SMA Ibu Kartini Semarang that involved 26 students. They were divided into experimental group 1 and experimental group 2. The experimental group 1 was taught using wattpad while the experimental group 2 was taught using blog as the learning media and both of them used project based learning as teaching method.

            The pre-test result revealed the mean score of the experimental group 1 was 60.76 and the experimental group 2 was 60.69. It meant that the two groups had similar competence before getting the treatment. The post-test mean scores of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were 80.23 and 74.46. The t-test of post-test showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group 1 and the experimental group2 since t-value was higher than t-table (4.490 > 2.064).

            It could be concluded that both wattpad and blog were effective as the learning media to teach writing skills. However, the use of wattpad was more effective than using blog in project-based learning to teach written analytical exposition text. Therefore, it was suggested that the teachers should consider the social media of wattpad and blog were the effective learning media in teaching writing because they allowed the students to express ideas and develop their writing skills.               

Keywords: Wattpad; Blog; Project Based Learning; Writing; Analytical Exposition Text
Students’ Translation Techniques and Grammatical Errors in Translating Narrative Text
Authors: Wahyono Muhammad Ichsan Andi , Yuliasri Issy
Published: January 2020

This research attempted to find out the translation techniques and grammatical errors in students’ Indonesian-English text translation. The objectives of this research were to describe the choice of translation techniques and grammatical errors of the students’ translation of a narrative text. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The translation techniques analysis was done by using Molina and Albir's (2002) classification of translation techniques while grammatical errors of the students’ translation were analyzed using the guide for correcting writing errors by Betty Azar (1941). The translation technique analysis was done by comparing the students’ translation work with the source text of a narrative entitled Lari Kepagian then grammatical errors analysis was done to find out their errors in the use of grammatical rules. The result of the study found that there were 3012 data of translation techniques and 429 grammatical errors. The data showed that the most used translation techniques were literal translation technique (30.1%) and modulation technique (22.6%) and the most grammatical errors made was capitalization (18.2%) and verb tense (16.6%). The most used translation technique that resulted in most grammatical errors was modulation technique (17%) in the translation done by 24 students.

Keywords: translation; translation techniques; students’ translation; grammar; grammatical errors; narrative text
The Analysis of Teacher Talk and The Characteristic of Classroom Interaction in English for Young Learner
Authors: Khusnaini Nurul
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed to find out the type of teacher talk and the characteristic of classroom interaction take place in the English language classroom of Semarang Multinational School.This study applied descriptive qualitative research. There were two activities in gathering the data of this study: observation and audio recording. In analyzing this study, the researcher used interactive theory proposed by  Flander (1989). The findings showed that based on Flanders Interaction Analisys Categories (FIAV), the teacher indirectly influenced the students in teaching and learning process by relying hard on asking questions. Besides asking questions to students, teacher also used (1) accepting students’ feeling, (2) praising or encouraging students, and (3) accepting or even using students’ ideas. In addition the pattern of content cross interaction tended to be more on asking questions than lecturing behavior. It indicated that teacher often relied on asking questions to students in the teaching and learning process rather than to introduce new learning material and help conveying information to students. In conclusion, the teacher indirectly influenced the students in the teaching and learning process. This kind of interaction indicated that teacher often relied on asking rather than lecturing the students.

Keywords: Teacher Talk, Classroom Interaction, Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories
Investigation Results and Analysis of Solar Cells Performance Enhancement by Cooling using Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC)
Authors: Saddam Al-Otab  , Mohammad Hamdan  , Salman Ajib  , Ahmad Manasrah
Published: January 2020

Solar energy received special attention and extensive studies were conducted to increase the efficiency of solar collectors and solar cells. One of the major problems of the operation of solar cells is the temperature rising which causes a reduction in the energy yield. The main objective of this work is to experimentally investigate the cooling effect of thermoelectric cooling devices (TEC) on solar cell performance. To overcome the rising temperature effect, the cooling by using the Peltier device is proposed and investigated. In this approach, the TEC cooling module is attached to the backside of the photovoltaic cell. It is assumed that the required power to run the TEC module is provided by the photovoltaic cell itself when the additional power obtained by the cooling is more than the needed power to operates the TEC device. The results show that the cooling of the tested PV cells/modules samples by using the Peltier TEC device was slightly enhanced the PV cells' performance. In our case of study for a 2Wp solar cell sample, the maximum temperature difference obtained due to Peltier cooling is about 5.3C° which produced an enhancement for the produced power and the open-circuit voltage by 7.02% and 2.64% respectively. However, the needed power to feed the Peltier element is significantly higher than the recovered power due to the Peltier cooling. The same trend was investigated for the tested samples of PV modules. So, the proposed combination of PV and Peltier cooling system was investigated to be economically not feasible regardless of the cost evaluation. Finally, the spatial effect and the proposed system can be improved significantly by altering and improving the performance of the Peltier element and the thermal characteristics of the solar cells/modules encapsulation material.
The Gift of Vilnius University to the Burnt Library of Åbo Academy (1827–1829)
Authors: Pacevičius Arvydas
Published: January 2020

Expanding the research about the old Vilnius University Library launched by L. Vladimirovas, this article discusses the fact (which has never been mentioned in historiography), about a gift to the burnt library of Åbo Academy, which then belonged to the Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire. In support action, which was organised by the supreme government of Russian Empire, lots of scientific, educational and cultural institutions took part; one of them was Vilnius University. Successful research of official documents, preserved in Lithuanian State Historical Archive (one of them The books of gifts to Vilnius University, 1820–1832), and the Activity daybook (1823–1832) of Vilnius University Library, as well as lists of donated books, preserved in the Library of Helsinki National University (Catalogus librorum qui bis extant in Bibliotheca Caesareae Universitatis Vilnensis) and in Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Katalog ksiąg dubletowych Biblioteki Uniwesyteckiej Wilenskiej oddanych dla zgorzaley Biblioteki Abowskiej i tamże odeslanych roku 1829 dnia 28 lutego), allowed us to specify chronology of this charity act, discover its effectors in Vilnius, and provide qualitative and quantitative parameters of donated books. It was identified, that the shipment of books delivered from Vilnius no earlier than 1829 February 28, consisted of 1481 volumes, mainly doublet books on different topics, which were deposited to the Helsinki University. Alexander Wictor Bohatkiewicz, a librarian and a bibliographer in Vilnius University Library, played a crucial role in the selection of the books. At present, the best part of the donated books is preserved in the National Library of Helsinki University. Completed research makes a premise to a historical digital reconstruction of the donated collection.
Pengelolaan Media Sosial pada Usaha XYZ
Authors: Arifianti Nuraini , Adiarni Nunuk
Published: January 2020

The social media is currently not only used for social friendship but also for business purpose.The people use line, whatshapp, instagram and facebook. Related to business goals, the content is made possible by availability of the applications to convey marketing messages to customers. This requires creative message and content creators, which work in team with decision maker and administrator. However, it’s need  to continuously manage it. This study was aimed to find out how the management of social media in XYZ businesses using descriptive qualitative. Instagram management implemented by XYZ starts from setting target customers to the content evaluation process. However, it has not comprehensively been managed unless it responds to negative comments from followers. The results of the study prove that using the social media such as Instagram in marketing requires management by planning, organizing and decision making process for creative content and followed by an evaluation and handling follower responses.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI APARAT DESA, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA (Sudi Kasus Desa Buntongi Kec.Ampana Kota Kab.Tojo Una Una)
Authors: H. Karim Siti Aminah , Lahay Mahmud , Monoarfa Zulfan , Adam Rosida P. , S Suardi
Published: January 2020

In the administration of governance and development, a source of village financial income is needed, for this the organizational commitment of the village government towards the authority, duties and responsibilities of implementing village financial management is transparent and accountable. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the extent of the influence of the competence of village officials, organizational commitment and community participation on success in village financial management. This type of research is a mixed method by combining qualitative and quantitative research with sampling techniques by saturated sampling. The number of respondents was 40 people. Analysis tools with SWOT analysis and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the simultaneous probability of village officials, organizational commitment and community participation have a direction of significant influence on the success of village financial management.