bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Approach for the Stomach Intestinal Early Detection Cancer Subtype Classification
Authors: Ahmed Md Ezaz
Published: June 2022

There may be different types of cancer that cause fatal effects in the human body. In general, cancer is nothing but the unnatural growth of blood cells in different parts of the body and is named accordingly. It may be skin cancer, breast cancer, uterus cancer, intestinal cancer, stomach cancer, etc. However, every type of cancer consists of unwanted blood cells which cause issues in the body starting from the minor to death. Cancer cells have the common features in them, and these common features we have used in our work for the processing. Cancer has a significant death rate; however, it is frequently curable with simple surgery if detected in its early stages. A quick and correct diagnosis may be extremely beneficial to both doctors and patients. In several medical domains, the latest deep-learning-based model’s performance is comparable to or even exceeds that of human specialists. We have proposed a novel methodology based on a convolutional neural network that may be used for almost all types of cancer detection. We have collected different datasets of different types of common cancer from different sources and used 90% of the sample data for the training purpose, then we reduced it by 10%, and an 80% image set was used for the validation of the model. After that for testing purposes, we fed a sample dataset and obtain the results. The final output clearly shows that the proposed model outperforms the previous model when we compared our methodology with the existing work.
Investigating Evaluation Indicators of Intelligent Vehicle Sharing Based on Operation Efficiency: A Case Study in Xiong’an New Area, China
Authors: Du Heng , Wang Yu , Shi Lin , Xing Yuxuan
Published: June 2022

Under the background of implementing green travel in response to the national energy conservation and emission reduction policy, the concept of shared travel as a new transportation mode has been promoted. This paper aims at providing a more scientific and quantitative method to explore the shared travel traffic mode and evaluating efficiency with data mining technology. Based on the analysis of the evaluation index system of the existing intelligent shared mobility, this paper firstly points out some issues in reflecting the operation efficiency of a specific shared mobility service. In order to find out the characteristics of passenger flow and propose recommend indicators, this study presents a detail analysis using data in Xiong’an new area from September 2020 to September 2021. Then, this paper proposes a time-series algorithm to identify ridesharing behavior of demand responsive (DR) bus and to recommend indicators on operation efficiency considering capacity, turnover, and time. Moreover, the definition of indicators and calculation of case study are carried out. Results show that the utilization rate of vehicle seat for DR bus was increased by 1.6–2.5 times, and the turnover efficiency was increased by about 2 times compared to private cars and taxi. In general, this paper quantitatively describes the improvement of operation efficiency brought by bus sharing, which shows that this kind of shared mobility has the attributes of public transport in a certain sense. Also, this paper shows that the above indicators are quantifiable and comparable, which is a useful supplement to the existing evaluation index system.
Innovation of Network Ideological and Political Education in Universities Facing the New Era of Internet 5G
Authors: Zhao Yi
Published: June 2022

Relying on the reform of the learning field curriculum system of ideological and political education courses in colleges and universities, the association rules between data mining and soft computing technology are used to mine the association relationship between the software professional courses of the department, and the ideas and methods of optimizing the course setting are proposed. Several approaches for analyzing difficulties in the reform and development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, as well as proposing improvements and optimization strategies, have been offered. The countermeasures to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education in universities are proposed to solve the timeliness problems of ideological and political education reform in colleges and universities. Here the 5G network can get initialized. Then, the input education details are preprocessed, and the clustering of the educational information is performed by using the hybrid fuzzy K-means approach. Then, the features can get extracted by using the extensibility ant component analysis. Then, the impact was evaluated by using the mixed ensemble approach. Then, after checking the information viability, it can be stored in the database for further analysis. Then, the viable information can be sent to the student ID through improved TCP. The findings demonstrate that the mechanism presented exceeds the other algorithms examined, by expressing high accuracy especially concerning viable education information generation and transmission.
Evaluation on Powder Metallurgy Process Parameters of Ball‐Milled AA8079‐B4C Nanostructured Composites via Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Meignanamoorthy M. , Vinayagam Mohanavel , Ravichandran M. , Raja T. , Gacem Amel , Mezni Amine , Jameel Mohammed , Ganesan Manikandan
Published: June 2022

This work made an attempt to optimize the powder metallurgy (PM) process parameters of ball‐milled AA8079‐B4C composites via Taguchi grey relational analysis to attain better mechanical properties. The process parameters are reinforcement weight percentage, compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and sintering time, and the output responses are micro Vickers hardness and compressive strength. The different reinforcement weight percentages are AA8079‐x wt.%B4C (X = 5, 10, and 15 wt.%). The nanograin‐refined green compacts were made at various compaction pressure 200 MPa, 300 MPa, and 400 MPa. The various sintering temperatures are 375°C, 475°C, and 575°C at different sintering times 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was utilized to examine the powder metallurgy process parameters. It could be understood from the results that higher reinforcement weight percentage, compaction pressure, and sintering temperature were determined as appropriate parameters to obtain maximum hardness and compressive strength.
A Novel AI-Based Visual Stimuli Generation Approach for Environment Concept Design
Authors: Duan Yingjing , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2022

The nature of environment concept design is a visual-based issue, where designers need to find loads of visual stimuli to create the high-quality concept. This paper aims to introduce a novel AI-based method to automatically generate images as design inspiration for environment concept design. Through interviewing eight professionals, we discovered that acquiring the design stimulus with inspired “composition” in a short time is the prioritized need of designers. This paper takes spectacular ambience for example. Through testing six classic GAN model variants trained by a self-made data set, we selected qualified four models to generate black and white thumbnails as stimuli with spectacular ambience. Moreover, we conducted a qualitative study of the outputs of the four models in a manner that invite eight designers to discuss. Finally, we summarized five key factors that influence designers’ satisfaction with generated visual stimuli and discuss future directions that are worth studying.
A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Metastatic Cancer Detection
Authors: Ahmad Shahab , Ullah Tahir , Ahmad Ijaz , AL-Sharabi Abdulkarem , Ullah Kalim , Khan Rehan Ali , Rasheed Saim , Ullah Inam , Uddin Md. Nasir , Ali Md. Sadek
Published: June 2022

Cancer has been found as a heterogeneous disease with various subtypes and aims to destroy the body’s normal cells abruptly. As a result, it is essential to detect and prognosis the distinct type of cancer since they may help cancer survivors with treatment in the early stage. It must also divide cancer patients into high- and low-risk groups. While realizing efficient detection of cancer is frequently a time-taking and exhausting task with the high possibility of pathologist errors and previous studies employed data mining and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify cancer, these strategies rely on handcrafted feature extraction techniques that result in incorrect classification. On the contrary, deep learning (DL) is robust in feature extraction and has recently been widely used for classification and detection purposes. This research implemented a novel hybrid AlexNet-gated recurrent unit (AlexNet-GRU) model for the lymph node (LN) breast cancer detection and classification. We have used a well-known Kaggle (PCam) data set to classify LN cancer samples. This study is tested and compared among three models: convolutional neural network GRU (CNN-GRU), CNN long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM), and the proposed AlexNet-GRU. The experimental results indicated that the performance metrics accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity (99.50%, 98.10%, 98.90%, and 97.50) of the proposed model can reduce the pathologist errors that occur during the diagnosis process of incorrect classification and significantly better performance than CNN-GRU and CNN-LSTM models. The proposed model is compared with other recent ML/DL algorithms to analyze the model’s efficiency, which reveals that the proposed AlexNet-GRU model is computationally efficient. Also, the proposed model presents its superiority over state-of-the-art methods for LN breast cancer detection and classification.
Application of Internet of Things Real-Time Monitoring Technology in Community Security Prevention and Control
Authors: Wang Beibei , Yan Fei
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the real-time prevention and control effect of community security, this paper uses environmental monitoring as the background to design a ZigBee-based wireless sensor network scheme. The ZigBee nodes in the system are set as FFD nodes and have the ability of coordinator and the nodes are not connected with other networks, and a network is formed through a multinode system. Moreover, the proposed cluster routing protocol firstly determines the orientation of the cluster and determines the cluster head in the cluster according to the orientation information of the cluster so that the clusters in the network can be evenly distributed. In addition, the system in this paper is mainly monitored through the Internet of Things and data processing through big data. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes the data mining, data transmission, and monitoring effect of the system, combined with the simulation software. Finally, through experiments, this paper verifies that the Internet of Things real-time monitoring technology proposed in this paper has a good application effect in community security prevention and control.
Influence of Different Passing Methods of Physical Fitness in Football Using Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhao Xia
Published: June 2022

Deep learning is a new direction in the field of machine learning, which learns the inherent laws and levels of data sample representation. The information gained during learning plays an important role in interpreting data such as text, images, and speech. This paper aims to study how to analyze and study the physical energy consumption of passers and receivers in different passing methods in football based on deep learning. This paper proposes the problem of physical energy consumption, which is based on deep learning, then elaborates on the concept of deep learning and related algorithms, and designs and analyzes the case of physical energy consumption of athletes. The experimental results showed that the average heart rhythm (184.35) of the subjects in the first and third experiments was more than twenty points higher than the average heart rhythm (159.85) of the kickers in the second and fourth experiments. Different passing styles have significantly different effects on the physical energy expenditure of players and defensive receivers.
Classification of Power Quality Disturbances in Solar PV Integrated Power System Based on a Hybrid Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Eristi Belkis , Eristi Huseyin
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, due to the increase in the demand for electrical energy and the development of technology, the electrical devices have a more complex structure. This situation has increased the importance of concept of the power quality in the electrical power system. This paper presents a deep learning-based system to recognize the power quality disturbances (PQDs) in the solar photovoltaic (SPV) plant integrated with power system networks. The PQDs are analyzed using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and image files are obtained from scalograms of CWT. Then, these image files are used to recognize PQDs with the help of a hybrid deep learning approach based on convolutional neural network (CNN), neighbor component analysis (NCA), and support vector machine (SVM). In this hybrid deep learning approach, the image files are given as input to AlexNet and GoogLeNet. The NCA is applied to the features obtained from the last dropout layer of each architecture. The distinctive features obtained from the NCA process are classified using the SVM algorithm. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, PQD data are obtained from a modified IEEE 13-bus test system including the SPV system. Several analyses and comparisons are carried out to verify the success of the proposed approach. It has been found that the proposed hybrid deep learning approach has the ability to accurately recognize the PQDs even if the SPV plant integrated power system has a negative effect on power quality.
An Innovative School Design Based on a Biophilic Approach Using the Appreciative Inquiry Model: Case Study Scandinavia
Authors: Almusaed Amjad , Almssad Asaad , Najar Karim
Published: June 2022

To understand the school’s role in society and its works, it became essential to reevaluate its functions and importance for society after the aggressive attack of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Thus, a new educational space design represents a powerful and required tool for stimulating creativity and increasing concentration, motivation, and assimilation of knowledge for future generations. The article will use appreciative inquiry as a method that works with perspective ideas readings doted by high positive human sensitivity. It also represents a powerful tool for the students’ opinions about the teaching spaces and environments. To improve the performance of educational institutions and schools, considering the sustainability concepts and biophilic designs has become an urgent necessity within the Scandinavian countries and in the world in general. The scientific research and theoretical analysis within the biophilic theory have been conducted to see how the designer can integrate the nature components holistically in the educational environment based on spatial, visual, and ecological integration concepts. The study aims to develop knowledge about applying biophilia as a phenomenon in educational institutes of Scandinavia where the students among others are the main decision‐maker. The article’s main finding is that students dream of free open teaching spaces integrated with nature, where the biophilic theory frameworks are suitable to form this sustainable model that enables educational institutions and schools to improve their performance within different stages of the study.
Predictors of Successful Memory Aging in Older Mexican Adults
Authors: García-Chanes Rosa Estela , Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , Álvarez-Cisneros Teresa , Roa-Rojas Paloma
Published: June 2022

Background. Research suggests a significant association between increasing age and memory impairments. Nevertheless, for some individuals, memory performance stays within or above the normative values of younger subjects. This is known as successful memory aging and is associated with specific neurophysiological features and psychological and lifestyle-related variables. To date, little is known about the association between successful memory aging and intrinsic capacity (IC) defined as “the composite of all the physical and mental (including psychosocial) capacities that an individual can draw on at any point in time” and resilience. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine if longitudinal associations between IC and successful memory aging and resilience exist and to find differences in cognitive performance between Mexican older adults with successful memory aging, older adults with average memory, and older adults with memory impairment. Methods. Longitudinal data from 590 individuals from the third wave (2012) and the Mex-Cog subsample (2016) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study was analysed. Subjects were classified into 3 groups: (1) older adults with successful memory aging (SUMA), (2) older adults with average memory (AVMA), and (3) older adults with memory impairment (IMA). Cognitive domains of orientation, language, attention, constructional praxis, and executive function were evaluated. IC and resilience were measured using items from the MHAS battery. Analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regressions were used to find differences in IC and resilience across the memory aging groups. Results. ANOVAs showed significant differences across the three cognitive performance groups in all cognitive domains. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that respondents with higher scores in the psychological and cognitive domains of IC at baseline were more likely to have successful memory aging in the subsequent wave of the study. More resilient subjects in 2012 were not more likely to become a SUMA in 2016. However, this could be a result of the way resilience was measured. Conclusion. Our main findings suggest that intrinsic capacity could be used as a predictor of successful memory aging specifically in the psychological and the cognitive domains. More longitudinal studies are needed to further examine these associations.
Four Element MIMO Antenna Systems with Decoupling Lines for High-Speed 5G Wireless Data Communication
Authors: Rosaline Imaculate , Kumar Arvind , Upadhyay Prashant , Murshed Abu Hena
Published: June 2022

A low-profile planar multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna consisting of four elements with isolation improvement is proposed for 5G mm Wave (24–40) GHz applications. Each radiating element of the MIMO antenna comprises of a microstrip-fed tilted spade-shaped radiator with four asymmetrical slots and a partial ground plane. The antenna is optimized to resonate at 35 GHz covering a wide impedance bandwidth from 23.9 to 40.1 GHz. Two cross lines are then loaded between the antenna elements to improve the isolation

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−
30
 
 
d
B

. The MIMO structure with the decoupling lines is fabricated and tested. The measured results are in good correlation with the simulated results. Other MIMO performance metrics such as the envelope correlation coeﬃcient (ECC), channel capacity loss (CCL), diversity gain (DG), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are examined, and the results are found to be satisfactory for the device to be used for mm-wave 5G MIMO applications. Also, the antenna’s performance metrics such as radiation efficiency, gain, and radiation patterns over the operating band are presented.
Adaptive Clustering Algorithm of Complex Network Based on Fuzzy Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Zhixun , Wang Juan , Xu Yanqiang , Han Wei
Published: June 2022

Clustering analysis, as one of the important methods in data mining technology, merely provides a method for the research and analysis of large amounts of data. Starting with the most important nodes, this paper divides clustering based on data field characteristics. The sensitivity pruning algorithm is then used to further adjust and optimize the structure of the fuzzy neural network, allowing the network to automatically learn the structure and parameters of the system in different environments and obtain the optimal control rules. Finally, the clustering function brings the algorithm’s output result to a close. The experimental results show that the adaptive clustering algorithm of complex networks presented in this paper can effectively improve network cluster division, reduce algorithm time complexity, and avoid the problem of providing the number of cluster structures in advance. This method’s cluster structure efficiency can reach 97.6 percent, and its highest clustering accuracy can reach 96.8 percent. The adaptive clustering algorithm proposed in this paper not only overcomes the traditional algorithm’s flaws, such as the need to predetermine the number of clusters and the clustering result being dependent on the initial clustering center selection, but also has ideal clustering accuracy. This study introduces a novel and more effective method for addressing the difficult problems of practical complex control systems.
The Combination of Salidroside and Hedysari Radix Polysaccharide Inhibits Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis via the PKC/ERK Pathway
Authors: Yang Sixia , Wang Linshuang , Xie Zeping , Zeng Yi , Xiong Qiaowu , Pei Tingting , Wei Dongfeng , Cheng Weidong
Published: June 2022

Background. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a widely recognized pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (HRP) were extracted from Chinese herb medicine Rhodiola rosea L and Hedysarum polybotrys Hand-Mazz, respectively. The neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the combination of salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (CSH) against Aβ25–35 induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. Objective. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects and pharmacological mechanisms of CSH on Aβ25–35-induced HT22 cells. Materials and Methods. HT22 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of salidroside or HRP for 24 h, followed by exposed to 20 μm Aβ25–35 in the presence of salidroside or RHP for another 24 h. In a CSH protective assay, HT22 cells were pretreated with 40 μm salidroside and 20 μg/mL HRP for 24 h. The cell viability assay, cell morphology observation, determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell apoptosis rate were performed. The mRNA expression of protein kinase C-beta (PKCβ), Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Cyt-C, PKCβ, phospho-ERK1/2, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by Western blot. Results. CSH treatment increased cell viability, MMP, and decreased ROS generation in Aβ25–35-induced HT22 cells. PKCβ and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were elevated by CSH while Bax was decreased. CSH increased the protein expression levels of PKCβ, Bcl-2, and phospho-ERK1/2, and decreased those of Bax, Cyt-C, and cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions. CSH treatment have protective effects against Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity through decreasing ROS levels, increasing MMP, inhibiting early apoptosis, and regulating PKC/ERK pathway in HT22 cells. CSH may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
Analysis of Medication Rule of Primary Epilepsy Based on Xiaocheng Yan’s Clinical Experience Collection of Epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tong Lin , Chen Guangkun , Deng Jingpeng , Zhang Lei , Li Hongtao , Chang Pengfei
Published: June 2022

Objective. To explore and analyze the medication rule of Professor Xiaocheng Yan in the treatment of primary epilepsy, hoping to provide reference for the clinical treatment of primary epilepsy. Methods. Mining and analysis of Professor Xiaocheng Yan sorted out the medical cases of primary epilepsy in Xiaocheng Yan’s clinical experience collection of epilepsy, extracted the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription data in the medical cases, standardized the obtained TCM prescription data, and used the data mining function integrated by the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform V2.3.5 to carry out frequency statistics, cluster analysis, association analysis, and complex network analysis on the TCM data, and the common herbs used by Professor Xiaocheng Yan in the treatment of primary epilepsy, properties and classifications of commonly used herbs, pairs of commonly used herbs, and core prescriptions were obtained. Results. A total of 39 cases, 228 medical records, and 230 prescriptions data of TCM were included. A total of 96 Chinese medicinal herbs were involved, and the total frequency of medication was 3,828. High-frequency herbs include Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Tianma) (222 times), Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis (Gouteng) (220 times), Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Shichangpu) (216 times), Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum (Fabanxia) (207 times), Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan) (206 times), and Periostracum Cicadae (Chantui) (181 times). The main properties and flavors of commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs were sweet, bitter, and pungent, which were mainly attributed to the four meridians of liver, lung, heart, and spleen. Commonly used couplet herbs were {Periostracum Cicadae (Chantui)} ≥ {Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan)}, {Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Shichangpu)} ≥{ Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan)}, {Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu)} ≥ {Radix Scutellariae (Huangqin)}, {Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Tianma)} ≥ {Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis (Gouteng)}, {Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Shichangpu)} ≥ {Periostracum Cicadae (Chantui)}, {Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis (Gouteng)} ≥ {Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan)}, {Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan)} ≥ {Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Tianma)}, {Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Shichangpu)} ≥ {Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis (Gouteng)}, etc. The core prescription composition was based on the addition and subtraction of Tianma Gouteng decoction and Erchen decoction. The main pharmacological mechanisms of core prescriptions are mainly reflected in antioxidation, enhancing GABA efficacy, and regulating NMDA channel and sodium channel, neuroprotection, and so on. Conclusion. Professor Xiaocheng Yan’s medication for the treatment of primary epilepsy was based on the principle of relieving wind and spasm, drying dampness and resolving phlegm, giving consideration to both Qi and blood, and harmonizing liver, lung, heart, and spleen.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of TACE Combined with Microwave Ablation and TACE Combined with Cryoablation in the Treatment of Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yujia , Li Wei , Man Wenling , Dong Xiaolin , Luo Yinghao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yongchuang , Dong Chang , Sun Weiwei , Yang Po
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with microwave ablation (MWA) and TACE combined with cryoablation (CRA) in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on 81 patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (tumor diameter 5～8 cm cm) who received TACE combined with ablation in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2019. The study patients were divided into TACE combined with MWA group (T-MWA, n = 41) and TACE combined with CRA group (T-CRA, n = 40) according to the treatment plan. Overall survival (OS) and progress free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups, and complications were observed. Survival curves for OS and PFS were constructed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Differences in overall survival were compared using the log-rank test. Results. There was no statistical difference in general conditions between the two groups of patients. The results showed that 30 (73.2%) patients in T-MWA group achieved objective response (OR) and 39 (95.1%) patients achieved disease control (DC), compared with 24 (60.0%) patients in T-CRA group who achieved objective response (OR) and 37 (92.5%) patients who achieved disease control (DC). The median OS was 19.2 months in the T-MWA group and 18.6 months in the T-CRA group (

P
=
0.64

). The median PFS was 9.3 months in the T-MWA group and 12.3 months in the T-CRA group (

P
=
0.6

). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), intrahepatic tumor diameter, and the number of tumor lesions were common prognostic factors for OS and PFS. In terms of surgery-related complications and adverse reactions, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal reactions were observed in 13 (31.7%) and 11(26.8%) cases in the T-MWA group, while we observed 4 (10.0%) and 2 (5.0%) cases in the T-CRA group, respectively. The difference between the two was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. TACE combined with MWA and TACE combined with CRA were equally effective in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma. TACE-CRA can effectively reduce the incidence of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal reactions in patients. However, compared with TACE-MWA, TACE-CRA is more likely to cause thrombocytopenia.
Samuel Beckett and the Impasses of Sexuation in How It Is
Authors: Brown Llewellyn
Published: June 2022

The confusion of sexual identities in How It Is testifies to the collapsing of the imaginary register that situates male and female as distinct and complementary in society. The body as a specular whole thus gives way to a relationship to language, where the universal ‘phallic’ register inscribes irreducible feminine alterity. The tormentor/tormented couplings, as well as the serial expansion of crawlers compose fictional attempts revealing a fundamental failure to institute sexual complementarity. The sexual is thus shown to reside within speech itself, pointing to the text’s very engendering. The impossible “sexual rapport” is thus the source of creation.
Samuel Beckett, les calmes déserts du sexe
Authors: Geneste Bruno
Published: June 2022

Le Dépeupleur est un texte central sur la question du sexe. Son acmé poétique se situe dans les calmes déserts de la vaincue. L’ objet de ce travail est la mise en perspective de la qualité que revêt le Nord du sexe pour Beckett, le ferment qu’ il constitue pour sa poétique. L’ accent est mis sur l’ objet vide et sur “La femme qui n’ existe pas”, et ce pire donne le cap du dire poétique. Nous y étudierons le voisinage avec ce que Lacan nomme “non-rapport sexuel”.
Speed and Consolidation: Warren Meck’s Early Ideas about Temporal Reference Memory and some Later Developments
Authors: Wearden John H. , Jones Luke A.
Published: June 2022

This article is initially focussed on Warren Meck’s early work on temporal reference memory, in particular the idea that some drug manipulations affect ‘memory storage speed’. Meck’s original notion had links to an earlier literature, not usually related to timing, the study of memory consolidation. We present some examples of the use of the idea of memory storage speed from Meck’s early work, and show how it was abandoned in favour of a ‘memory constant’, K*, not related to storage speed per se. Some arguments against the idea of memory storage speed are presented, as well as discussion of a small amount of research on consolidation of memories for time. Later work on temporal reference memory, including rapid acquisition and interference effects, is also discussed.
Understanding the Impact of Deviant Peer Association on Risk for Stimulant/Amphetamine Use: The Moderating Role of Exposure to Violence
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: June 2022

Prior research has indicated that deviant peer association is associated with increased risk for stimulant/amphetamine use. However, there remain gaps in our understanding of the context under which this relationship occurs. This study examined two forms of exposure to violence (direct victimization, witnessed violence) as moderators of the relationship between deviant peer association and stimulant/amphetamine use risk. All 11 waves of the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data were used in analyses. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to estimate relationships of interest while accounting for repeated measures nested within individual participants across time. Findings indicated that greater deviant peer association was associated with greater odds of stimulant/amphetamine use. Experiencing direct victimization significantly moderated this relationship, but in the opposite of the hypothesized direction, with individuals reporting direct victimization also reporting less reactivity to deviant peer association as it pertained to stimulant/amphetamine use. Witnessed violence did not moderate this relationship.
Gender and Perception of Gender Role in Nigeria: Evidence From Wave 6 of the World Value Survey
Authors: Ifegbesan Ayodeji P. , Azeez Razaq O.
Published: June 2022

The World Value Survey wave 6 was analysed to examine the relationship between gender and perceptions of gender roles among Nigerians. Descriptive and inferential statistics like frequency distribution, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and stepwise regression were used. The study found out that there is a positive relationship between gender and perception of gender, as well as between the region and perception of gender. Female had significantly higher ( p < .01) perception of gender scores than their male counterparts. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the most parsimonious set of predictors of perception of gender included gender, educational background and religion.
Following diversity through the university: On knowing and embodying a problem
Authors: Essanhaji Zakia , van Reekum Rogier
Published: June 2022

Diversity is a widely shared concern within contemporary universities. Most diversity research focuses on what universities are saying and doing about diversity. Herein lies the assumption that researchers already know ‘the’ problem of diversity before studying it and that it stays the same during and after investigation. This article takes a different approach by following how diversity becomes a problem in a concrete academic setting. More specifically, we ask how conditions of knowledge production intervene with, transform, and contribute to what is known as the problem of diversity. We thereby demonstrate how diversity is made into multiple problems throughout a single setting. More importantly, we show how these problems never fully come to contain the controversy of diversity as epistemic troubles routinely (re)emerged. Indeed, our research provoked such troubles. As one of the researchers was recurringly understood as an embodiment of diversity, fieldwork itself elicited and shaped the persistent controversy of diversity.
Regimes of motherhood: Social class, the word gap and the optimisation of mothers’ talk
Authors: Allen Ansgar , Spencer Sarah
Published: June 2022

The role of working class mothers’ talk in explaining their child’s ‘impoverished’ language development and the resulting ‘word gap’ between social classes is hotly debated. Academic research in this area spans decades, crosses continents, and gathers up a wide range of disciplines and positions, ranging from research seeking to intervene in and optimise mothers’ talk, to research that vigorously criticises any attempt to do so. Through an extended analysis of Jacques Donzelot’s seminal study The Policing of Families, and Michel Foucault’s concept of a ‘regime of truth’, we explore how motherhood is constructed by academic debate as something to be endlessly optimised. Academic debate functions by (1) reducing expectations concerning the role and remit of experts so as to place the onus on mothers to implement findings which the former will facilitate, (2) complicating the contributing factors to language delay, thus avoiding apportioning blame too directly whilst giving endless cause to do further research, and (3) committing mothers to a permanent labour in which they are expected to better themselves as measured by the manifest language development of their children. Its strongest critics remain within the constraints of this regime of truth to the extent that they argue for humility of expertise, for recognition of broader sociocultural factors, and for the importance of privileging the expertise and agency of mothers. This article considers how all parties are, in effect, obliged to declare the truth of motherhood and will find themselves implicated in its governance.
Embodying aesthetic entrepreneurialism: Men, the body and the performing arts
Authors: Norman Moss E. , Bryans John F.
Published: June 2022

Scholarship has identified women as the ideal neoliberal subjects of late capitalism and, it is argued, that increasingly intensified practices of appearance and visibility are critical to their new labouring subjectivities. However, there is also a small but growing body of research on the relationship between men, the body, and practices of appearance and looking. In this article, we examine the experiences of men ( n = 12, ages 23–33 years) in the highly aestheticized industry of the performing arts, including theatre, dance, film and television. Drawing on feminist- and Foucauldian-informed approaches to creative and cultural industries, we gleaned two overarching themes from this research, including: the imperative to take up a particular bodily ideal and the complexities and uncertainties this entails; and the necessity to successfully emotionally manage these complexities and uncertainties. Together these two dimensions represented key performativities in the emergence of the entrepreneurial subject for men in the performing arts. We conclude with preliminary observations about men working in industry-specific contexts, such as the performing arts, and how the experiences of these men shed insight on practices of visibility and appearance of men more broadly.
Interstitiality in the smart city: More than top-down and bottom-up smartness
Authors: Burns Ryan , Welker Preston
Published: June 2022

The critical research agenda on smart cities has tended to assume a largely top-down orientation in which powerful actors like the state and corporations enact programmes to embed Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) in the urban landscape. Because of the way research has framed this relation of power, the dominant response has been to seek social justice by either contesting these top-down exercises of (digital) power or by reconceptualising the smart city ‘from below’. In this paper, we join a growing chorus of voices recognising the importance of interstitial actors that influence the ways in which the smart city manifests. We draw on a five-year ongoing study in Calgary, Alberta, to examine two actor groups that are, properly, neither top-down nor bottom-up, but play an important role in envisioning, implementing and contesting how ‘smartness’ is framed. The first set of actors, situated between the top and bottom of the smart city hierarchy, are most prominently community associations, non-profit organisations and ad-hoc task groups. The second group is comprised of groups with different digital practices, whose spectre of marginalisation influences how digital systems are articulated and pursued. These actors strategically move between different interstices in order to enact particular kinds of political influence, and often influence smart cities by virtue of their absence, profoundly impacting urban political geographies of smartness.
Examining Whether Practical Measures of Neighborhood Characteristics Improve Correctional Risk Assessment Tools
Authors: Papp Jordan , Linning Shannon J.
Published: June 2022

This study examined whether inclusion of a neighborhood domain improved prediction and classification in an existing risk assessment tool. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with random effects were conducted using a sample of individuals under community supervision ( N = 10,548) to determine whether a neighborhood domain improved the predictive validity of the Ohio Risk Assessment System-Community Supervision Tool (ORAS-CST). In five of our six models, inclusion of the neighborhood domain did not significantly improve the predictive validity of the ORAS-CST regardless of whether it was considered as an additive variable or moderator. One model found that the addition of a neighborhood domain improved prediction; however, the relationship was opposite from what was theoretically expected. The findings suggest that individual-level factors remain the most meaningful predictors in correctional risk assessment tools for those under community supervision. Future research is needed on whether neighborhood indicators improve assessment tools for individuals under other forms of supervision.
Agustín Cueva and the Construction of Democracy in Latin America
Authors: Burgueño Angulo Nayeli , Ramírez Díaz Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2022

The contributions of Agustín Cueva to the understanding of political processes in Latin America—his interpretation of Latin American reality, characterized by social movements, dictatorships, and transitions to democracy, from a historical perspective—highlight the fragility of the region’s democracies and the need for democracies that lead to real structural transformation in Latin American societies. A review of these contributions allows us to approach contemporary political processes in the region in the context of neoliberalism, the main challenge in the construction of societies that are democratic, fair, and equitable.

Las contribuciones de Agustín Cueva a la comprensión de los procesos políticos en América Latina (su interpretación de la realidad latinoamericana, caracterizada por movimientos sociales, dictaduras y transiciones a la democracia, desde una perspectiva histórica) ponen de relieve la fragilidad de las democracias de la región y la necesidad de democracias que conduzcan a una transformación estructural real en las sociedades latinoamericanas. Una revisión de sus aportes nos permite acercarnos a los procesos políticos contemporáneos en la región dentro del contexto del neoliberalismo, el principal desafío a la construcción de sociedades democráticas, justas y equitativas.
Cross-Border Social Practices of Mexican Merchant Women
Authors: Solís Pérez Marlene Celia , García Ortega Martha , Acosta Díaz Félix , Ordóñez Barba Gerardo
Published: June 2022

The results of a qualitative study of cross-border social practices of Mexican women engaged in small-scale trade on Mexico’s northern and southern borders reveal that, although their social practices are a response to an instrumental rationality and imply a certain economic autonomy, they develop on the basis of agency and social networks that enable reproduction of reciprocal relations and family livelihood strategies as types of informal labor, giving rise to a form of globalization from below.

Los resultados de un estudio cualitativo de las prácticas sociales transfronterizas de las mujeres mexicanas dedicadas al comercio a pequeña escala en las fronteras norte y sur de México revelan que, si bien sus prácticas sociales son en respuesta a una racionalidad instrumental e implican una cierta autonomía económica, dichas prácticas se desarrollan sobre la base de la agencia, así como redes sociales que permiten la reproducción de las relaciones recíprocas y estrategias de subsistencia familiar como tipos de trabajo informal. Todo ello da lugar a una forma de globalización desde abajo.
The Central American Exodus and the Labor Border: U.S. Border Control Outsourcing in Southern Mexico
Authors: Garrapa Anna Mary
Published: June 2022

The “labor border” is an analytical tool, a legal device for controlling incoming migration flows through government initiatives related to the employment system. Two programs for temporary legalization of migrants implemented by the Mexican government in the context of the so-called Central American exodus—the Estas en Tu Casa (You Are at Home) plan and the Emisión de Tarjetas de Visitante por Razones Humanitarias (Issuance of Visitor Cards for Humanitarian Reasons) program—are examples of such devices. A review based on recent research on their impacts on the mobility of migrants as they cross the southern Mexican border on their way to the United States contributes to the debate over the outsourcing of border controls in the framework of the dependent relationship between Mexican migration policy and U.S. security strategy.

La “frontera laboral” es una herramienta analítica, un dispositivo legal para controlar los flujos migratorios entrantes a través de iniciativas gubernamentales relacionadas con el sistema de empleo. Dos programas de legalización temporal de migrantes implementados por el gobierno mexicano en el contexto del llamado éxodo centroamericano—el plan Estas en Tu Casa y el programa Emisión de Tarjetas de Visitante por Razones Humanitarias—son un ejemplo de dichos dispositivos. Una revisión basada en investigaciones recientes sobre sus impactos en la movilidad de los migrantes al cruzar la frontera sur de México en su camino hacia los Estados Unidos contribuye al debate sobre la externalización de los controles fronterizos en el marco de la relación de dependencia entre la política migratoria mexicana y la estrategia de seguridad de los Estados Unidos.
Rats, Gender, and Representation in the War on Poverty: How Cleveland Welfare Rights Activists Defined Democracy, 1964-1966
Authors: Stahler Kimberly
Published: June 2022

In 1965, impoverished Clevelanders and their allies brought dead rats to City Hall to demonstrate that they alone had the required expertise to write antipoverty policy. They used the rats to educate their representatives about poverty conditions after their unsucessful struggle to gain control over the local War on Poverty. Scholarship on the War on Poverty and welfare rights movement has uncovered stories of innovative women who fought for official and unofficial access to policymaking. But our focus on movement leaders and sympathetic allies has obscured how some of these activists defined democracy. Activists in Cleveland envisioned democracy as a system where those affected by a policy had influence over its crafting. Their radical vision of urban municipal policymaking illuminates that historians have over emphasized the concessions that these women forced from their representatives, an interpretation which has inadvertently privileged access to a seat at the table over their larger goals.
Bordered lives and frontier futures: Reproducing “the minor” in contested times
Authors: Ramsay Georgina
Published: June 2022

In the terms of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, borders and bordering can be thought of as a “major”—a seemingly naturalized system of knowledge—through which the boundaries of territorialized nation-states are seen as given and citizenship is framed as a human condition. These border regimes map onto racialized geographies of belonging and exclusion, and work to render such logics as similarly “natural” in the process. Racialized migrants undermine this bordering major, not just at immediate sites of border encounter but also over time, within the socio-spatial landscapes of bordered territories. Through the generative potential of social reproduction, migrants create “minors” that rub against the dominant logics of bordering, and which reflect different future potentialities. In this article I develop a new conceptualization of “the minor” as a process of spatio-temporal remaking: a simultaneous de-territorialization and re-temporalization of the naturalized logics of the major. I argue that the bordering “major” depends on a racist temporal logic of denied contemporaneity, and show how, through social reproduction, migrants gradually re-work themselves into shared frames of futurity, a process that I conceptualize as the development of “frontier futures.”