bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGIONAL GOVERNMENT PROBLEMATICS
Authors: Irianto Bambang Sugeng
Published: December 2023

Background. In this reformation era, one of the areas of concern is the policy regarding Regional Autonomy, with the promulgation of the Law on Regional Government, which has brought significant changes to the relationship between the Center and the Regions. The purpose was to explain the effectiveness of the implementation of the Law on Regional Government.
Research Method. This research used a normative legal approach. Analysis of an issue of the research using legal context and books of legal or law constitution.
Findings. It is deemed necessary to carry out Regional Autonomy by giving broad, real, and accountable authority to the Regions in a proportional manner, which is manifested by the regulation, distribution, and utilization of natural resources. National resources, as well as central and regional financial balances, in accordance with the principles of democracy, community participation, equity, and justice, as well as the potential and diversity of the regions, which are carried out within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. So we have now arrived at the constitutional vision of life as stated in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the value and meaning of political solidarity, solidarity economic, socio-cultural solidarity, and defense and security solidarity.
Conclusion. The system of government Republic of Indonesia according to the 1945 Constitution gives flexibility to the Regions to carry out Regional Autonomy. In the implementation of Regional Autonomy, on the principles of democracy, community participation, equity, and justice, as well as pay attention to regional potential and diversity.
FILSAFAT DAN CAKUPANNYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Hajati Mustaqim
Published: December 2023

Perkembangan pendidikan akan terus mengalami pembaharuan dengan disiplin ilmu yang ada. Kajian ini memuat pandangan dan ruang lingkup yang ada dalam pendidikan Islam melalui perspektif filsafat. Pengantar materi di dalam penulisan ini berisikan tentang tinjauan ontologi, espistemologi dan aksiologi untuk kemudian dapat memahami pendidikan Islam secara utuh. Bukan hanya pembahasan definitif dan teoritis, tetapi dihadirkan konsep integrasi antara filsafat dan pendidikan Islam untuk membuktikan bahwa ada relevansi antara filsafat dan pendidikan terbarukan dengan tidak melupakan nilai-nilai Islam. Dapat lihat dari ruang lingkup dan cakupan yang ada dalam pendidikan Islam; tujuan, pelaku, kurikulum, metode, evaluasi, dan lingkungan pendidikan yang tumbuh secara langsung dalam filsafat pendidikan Islam.  

Kata Kunci: Filsafat, Pendidikan Islam, Integrasi, Ruang Lingkup
Orhan Pamuk’un Eserlerinde Hayat ve İktisat İlişkisi
Authors: EKİNCİ Zöhre , UĞURLU Seyit Battal
Published: December 2023

İnsan tutum ve davranışlarının temel güdüleyicisi olarak ekonominin, yaygın düşüncenin aksine, insanların büyük çoğunluğunun, inanç ve düşüncelerinin ana yönlendiricisi, kişilik ve kimliğinin niteliğinin de belirleyicisi olduğu söylenebilir. Ekonomi, insanın dünyayı kavrama biçimi, doğa ile ilişkisi, sınıfsal ve kültürel düzeyi gibi birçok kategorinin de ana belirleyicisi olarak ifade edilebilir. Farklı disiplinlerin gözlüğünden bakıldığında, sınırsız anlatma olanaklarına sahip roman türünün, insanı olabildiğince geniş perspektiflerden ele alırken onun ekonomik konumunu sürekli detaylandırmasına karşın, bu olgunun edebi araştırmalarda benzer şekilde değerlendirildiğini söylemek güç görünmektedir. Sosyolojik yönü de belirgin olan romanın bir de bn ıu açıdan değerlendirilmesi ayrı bir anlamlılık taşımaktadır. İnsanın iktisadî varlığı ya da yoksunluğu, gündelik yaşamdaki tutum ve davranışları gibi dünya ile her türden ilişkisinde etkin bir sınır belirleyicidir. Türk edebiyatının, çoklu bakış açılarına zengin nesnel karşılıklar verebilen yetkinlikteki tek Nobel ödülü yazarı Orhan Pamuk’un (1952-) romanları, bireyi tarihsel süreç içinde toplumsal olgular ile bir arada ele ele alır. Yazarın eserlerinde, Osmanlı devletinin özellikle son dönemlerinden günümüze kadar geçen süreçte çizilen panorama, onu sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel doku içinde deneyimlediği süreçleri birçok boyutu ile görünür kılar. Bu makalede; yazarın eserleri, bireyin ve toplumun ekonomik varsıllığı ve/veya yoksunluğu ile uyumluluk arz eden tutum ve davranışlarına dönük bir iz sürülmektedir. İnsanın ekonomik statüsünün; duygu ve düşünce dünyası gibi, gündelik yaşam pratiklerinin de belirleyicisi olduğu öne sürülmekte, yaşamı yönlendiren gerilimlerin de gerisindeki temel güdünün bu olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Geleneksel üretimin egemen olduğu toplumdan, tüketimin var olma gerekçesine dönüştüğü modern topluma kadar sürdüğü, günümüzde ise çılgınlık düzeyine eriştiği gözlemi Pamuk’un romanları üzerinden gözlenmeye çalışılmaktadır.
İŞLETMELERDE DÖNÜŞÜMSEL LİDERLİK TARZININ FİNANSAL PERFORMANS ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE ÇALIŞAN MOTİVASYONU VE ÇALIŞAN BAĞLILIĞININ ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: Dal Oguzkan
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmamız özellikle dönüşümsel liderlik tarzının finansal performans üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Liderlik tarzlarının yanı sıra, motivasyon ve çalışan bağlılığının organizasyonların performansıyla ilişkilendirildiği küresel düzeyde birçok araştırmada ele alındığı bilinmektedir. İşletmelerin finansal başarıya odaklandığı göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışmaların, akademik literatürde hala önemini korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dönüşümsel liderlik tarzı incelenmiş ve bu etkileri test etmek için çalışan bağlılığı ve çalışan motivasyonu gibi aracı roller ayrı ayrı ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde, 441 katılımcının katılımıyla anketler toplanmış ve elde edilen veriler istatistiksel analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, dönüşümsel liderlik tarzının şirketin finansal performansı üzerinde doğrudan bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışan bağlılığının finansal perfor-mans üzerinde kısmi bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür ancak motivasyonun finansal performans üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışanların bağlılığının artmasıyla finansal performasın etkilendiği görülmüştür ancak motivasyonunun artmasıyla finansal performans arasında bir etki tespit edilememiştir. Bu sonuçlar, literatürde daha önce yapılan bazı çalışmalarla da uyumlu olmuştur buda işletmelerin finansal performanslarını etkileyen faktörlerin farklı boyutlarına dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışan bağlılığı ve motivasyonu, diğer etmenlerle birlikte değer-lendirildiğinde, finansal performans üzerinde daha karmaşık bir etkileşim ağı içinde yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle, işletmelerin başarıya ulaşması için diğer önemli faktörleri de dikkate alarak stratejilerini geliştirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, işletmelerin performanslarını artırmak için daha geniş bir perspektifin benimsenmesini gerektirebilir.
NATO VE RUSYA FEDERASYONU’NUN YENİ MÜCADELE ALANI: KARADENİZ’İN JEOPOLİTİĞİ
Authors: Kain Ebru , Asal Uğur Yasin
Published: December 2023

Soğuk Savaşla birlikte yeni bir evreye giren uluslararası yapıda bölgesel alt sistemler önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. “Yenidünya düzeni”nin yarattığı küresel mücadelenin bölgesel yansımalarından birisi günümüzde Karadeniz’de yaşanmaktadır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Rusya Federasyonu’nun Karadeniz’de çatışan çıkarları bölgede istikrarsızlığın artmasına yol açmaktadır. Washington, Karadeniz bölgesini çıkar alanı olarak belirtmekte ve bu bölgede güçlenen bir Rusya’yı sorun olarak görmektedir. ABD karşısında Rusya ise çok kutuplu dünya sistemini savunmaktadır. Rusya’nın hedefi bölgede ‘tek egemen güç’ olmaktır. Bu sebeple Rusya Doğu Avrupa’ya doğru genişleyen Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü (NATO) ve Avrupa Birliği’ni (AB) kendi bölgesel çıkarlarına tehdit olarak algılayarak aktif politika uygulamaya başlamıştır. Jeopolitik, uluslararası ilişkilerin en önemli konulardan birini oluşturur. Birçok jeopolitik teori temelde Avrasya coğrafyasına önem vermektedir. Avrasya'da yer alan Karadeniz ise Soğuk Savaş sonrasında, bölgede oluşan güç boşluğu ve jeopolitiğe kazandırılan yeni kavramlarla birçok aktörün odağı olmuştur. Karadeniz’in özellikle ekonomi ve güvenlikte kilit nokta olması, havzada güç sahibi olmak isteyen aktörlerin politikalarını etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada, temel bakış açısı jeopolitik olarak belirlenmiş ve Karadeniz Havzası bu perspektiften incelenmiştir.
SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞLARINDA RİSK YÖNETİM ALGISI VE UYGULAMALARI: BİR VAKIF İNCELEMESİ (İHH)
Authors: Gündüz Vasfi , Karakaya Gencay
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada sivil toplum kuruluşlarında kurumsal risk yönetimi hakkında araştırmaya yer verilmiştir. Bu araştırmada sivil toplum kuruluşlarının kurumsal yönetimi, risk algısı ve önlemleri hakkında bir incelemenin sonuç değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. İşletmelerde yaygın olarak kullanılan kurumsal yönetim ve kurumsal risk yönetimi yapısının sivil toplum kuruluşlarında da uygulanması önem taşımaktadır. Sivil toplum kuruluşlarının kurumsallaşmalarını tamamlayamaması sonucu kurumsal risk yönetimi sağlanamamaktadır. Olası risklere maruz kalınması durumunda da kriz ile sonuçlanabilmektedir. Sivil toplum kuruluşlarında, kurumsallaşma ile oluşturulacak kurumsal risk yönetim sistemi, riskleri önlemeyi ve bertaraf etmeyi sağlamış olacaktır. Sivil toplum kuruluşlarında risk yönetim algısı ve uygulaması, bir vakıf incelemesinde; İnsan Hak ve Hürriyetleri ve İnsani Yardım Vakfı’nın (İHH) kurumsal yönetimi, risk algısı ve önlemleri, risk farkındalığı, kurumsal risk yönetim çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada derinlemesine mülakat yapılarak veri toplama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İHH mütevelli heyeti, yönetim kurulu üyeleri ve uzmanlık gerektiren birim sorumlularından oluşan toplam 16 kişi ile mülakat yapılarak kurumsal risk yönetiminin vakıftaki uygulaması görüşülmüştür.
СРАВНЕНИЕ ВЫСОКОЧАСТОТНЫХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ КМОП ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ С ПРОЕКТНЫМИ НОРМАМИ 90 НМ И 180 НМ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ СМЕСИТЕЛЬНОГО БЛОКА КВАДРАТУРНОГО ДЕМОДУЛЯТОРА, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Калёнов А.Д. , Лосев В.В. , Недашковский Л.В. , Чаплыгин Ю.А.
Published: December 2023

В работе приведены результаты проектирования смесительного ядра квадратурного демодулятора для КМОП технологий с проектными нормами 90 нм и 180 нм. Приведены результаты моделирования АЧХ спроектированного блока. На основе данного примера сформулированы предварительные выводы о целесообразности использования данных технологий для разработки высокочастотных изделий.
НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЕ РАДИКАЛЬНОЕ ISSG ОКИСЛЕНИЕ КРЕМНИЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Черняев М.В. , Горохов С.А. , Патюков С.И. , Резванов А.А.
Published: December 2023

Исследована кинетика радикального окисления кремниевой пластины в системе индивидуальной обработки при проведении процесса низкотемпературного окисления (500…800 °С) с генерацией пара у поверхности пластины (in situ steam-generation – ISSG). Для определения констант радикального окисения использовались полученные зависимости толщины оксида от времени при различной температуре и фиксированных остальных параметрах технологического процесса. Показано, что скорость низкотемпературного радикального окисления соответствует экспоненциальному закону роста. Самоограничение толщины оксида, наблюдаемое при температуре ниже 700 °С, имеет большое практическое значение для формирования тонкого диэлектрика толщиной менее 1 нм, так как позволяет подбирать необходимую толщину оксида, изменяя температуру, а не время процесса.
LOW-TEMPERATURE RADICAL ISSG OXIDATION OF SILICON, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Chernyaev M.V. , Gorokhov S.A. , Patyukov S.I. , Rezvanov A.A.
Published: December 2023

The kinetics of single wafer radical oxidation of a silicon during a low-temperature (500…800 °C) in situ steam-generation (ISSG) oxidation process based on hydrogen combustion is investigated. To determine the constants of radical oxidation, the obtained dependences of the oxide thickness on time at different temperatures and fixed other parameters of the technological process were used. It is shown that the rate of low-temperature radical ISSG oxidation corresponds to the exponential growth law. The self-limitation of the oxide thickness observed at temperatures below 700 °C is of great practical importance for the formation of a thin dielectric with a thickness of less than 1 nm, since it allows to control the process of oxidation by temperature, and not by processing time as with standard thermal oxidation.
Efficient Compressor Testing on Railways with A Mobile Application
Authors: N. Baggyalakshmi , A. Keerthana , R. Revathi
Published: December 2023

The aim of the project is to develop an android application for the railways to maintain the daily process of taking readings of the air compressor and details of the air compressors. The number of smartphone users and mobile applications are growing rapidly. So, it is convenient and easy to develop the android application for taking the readings of the air compressors and the details of the air compressors in the mobile phones. This project is used to record its day-to-day readings in an efficient manner. This application fetches the details and readings of the air compressors and send a mail to the higher officials. This project helps to maintain all activities of the air compressors and also records its day-to-day readings. This project helps to reduce the manual work. This proposed app has been developed with an intention to make the user-friendly thus reducing the manual work. The system has been developed with advanced features. The objective of our project is to establish mobile application to maintain all the details of the air compressors.
Survey: Homomorphic Encryption-based Deep Learning that Preserves Privacy
Authors: Salman Rasha Hani , Alomari Esraa Saleh
Published: December 2023

When deep learning methods are effective, the volume of information accessible for training is expanding quickly, with large-scale user data collection in businesses taking the lead. Due to the sensitive nature of user data and the way. Data collection creates privacy concerns because of the potential for this material (images and audio recordings) to be preserved forever. The concepts of privacy and secrecy pertain to the avoidance of sharing this data, and a higher volume of data is required for deep learning to be achieved. When data must be accessed for training, machine-learning algorithms face certain difficulties. Several privacy-preserving deep learning solutions, such as multi-lateral computation secrecy and symmetric encryption within neural networks, have been developed to address these concerns
Gallium, Indium, and Thallium
Authors: Repetto Guillermo , del Peso Ana , Maisanaba Sara
Published: December 2023

The chemical elements gallium, indium, and thallium belong to group IIIA in the periodic table. Thallium developed a well‐deserved reputation for its toxic properties and was recognized as a potent accidental, occupational, and environmental poison, with many homicide and suicide reports. Although gallium and indium are not as toxic as thallium, their production represents an important source of exposure, due to their increasing applications in semiconductor electronic devices. Gallium compounds particularly produce kidney and pulmonary toxicity, with depression of the immune system. Indium compounds mainly induce nephrotoxicity, and developmental toxicity, as well as effects on the pulmonary system. In contrast, thallium compounds act as general poisons. Some compounds are also capable of altering various cellular defense mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. However, many aspects of the toxicity of these individual compounds in the environment and human beings, including toxicokinetics, mechanisms of action, carcinogenic and teratogenic potential, and the best treatments for acute poisoning, remain to be elucidated.
Acrylate Esters (Acrylic Acid Esters)
Authors: Amantana Adams , Szabo David T.
Published: December 2023

The global acrylate monomers market is projected to reach approximately USD 12 billion by the year 2027. The rapid growth is based on the broad range of application of acrylates from routine household uses and cosmetics/personal care to industrial and surgical/dental applications. With the steep increase in volume and broad use of these products comes increased likelihood of exposure and the potential for adverse effects. Hence, this chapter focuses mainly on the hazard profiles, potential exposure scenarios, and exposure control measures for the various chemical classes of these acrylates. Each section within this chapter integrates scientific, regulatory, and epidemiological information collected from publicly available peer‐reviewed publications and databases maintained by recognized regulatory agencies in various jurisdictions.
Serum DNA methylome of the colorectal cancer serrated pathway enables non‐invasive detection
Authors: Gallardo‐Gómez María , Costas‐Ríos Lara , Garcia‐Prieto Carlos A. , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Lara , Bujanda Luis , Barrero Maialen , Castells Antoni , Balaguer Francesc , Jover Rodrigo , Esteller Manel , Tardío Baiges Antoni , González‐Carreró Fojón Joaquín , Cubiella Joaquín , De Chiara Loretta
Published: December 2023

The clinical relevance of the colorectal cancer serrated pathway is evident, but the screening of serrated lesions remains challenging. We aimed to characterize the serum methylome of the serrated pathway and to evaluate circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) methylomes as a potential source of biomarkers for the non‐invasive detection of serrated lesions. We collected serum samples from individuals with serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC), traditional serrated adenomas, sessile serrated lesions, hyperplastic polyps and individuals with no colorectal findings. First, we quantified cfDNA methylation with the MethylationEPIC array. Then, we compared the methylation profiles with tissue and serum datasets. Finally, we evaluated the utility of serum cfDNA methylation biomarkers. We identified a differential methylation profile able to distinguish high‐risk serrated lesions from no serrated neoplasia, showing concordance with tissue methylation from SAC and sessile serrated lesions. Serum methylation profiles are pathway‐specific, clearly separating serrated lesions from conventional adenomas. The combination of ninjurin 2 (NINJ2) and glutamate‐rich 1 (ERICH1) methylation discriminated high‐risk serrated lesions and SAC with 91.4% sensitivity (64.4% specificity), while zinc finger protein 718 (ZNF718) methylation reported 100% sensitivity for the detection of SAC (96% specificity). This is the first study exploring the serum methylome of serrated lesions. Differential methylation of cfDNA can be used for the non‐invasive detection of colorectal serrated lesions.
Superiority of Low‐Dose Benzbromarone Add‐On to Low‐Dose Febuxostat Compared With Febuxostat Monotherapy in Gout With Combined‐Type Hyperuricemia
Authors: Xue Xiaomei , Sun Mingshu , Yan Fei , Dalbeth Nicola , He Yuwei , Li Xinde , Qi Han , Chen Ying , Yuan Xuan , Li Maichao , Ji Aichang , Terkeltaub Robert , Li Changgui
Published: December 2023

Objective

There is an unmet need for simpler urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) regimens that achieve the serum urate target and improve the overall quality of gout care. We report a comparative effectiveness trial of febuxostat monotherapy versus benzbromarone add‐on to low‐dose febuxostat in gout specifically with combined renal urate underexcretion and overload.

Methods

A prospective randomized trial was conducted on patients with combined‐type hyperuricemia and estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 1:1 randomly assigned to febuxostat and benzbromarone combination therapy (initially febuxostat at 20 mg/day, with benzbromarone at 25 mg/day added onto 20 mg/day of febuxostat if not at target) or febuxostat monotherapy (initially 20 mg/day, escalating to 40 mg/day if not at target). The primary end point at 12 weeks was the proportion achieving a serum urate (SU) level <360 μmol/L. Other outcomes included altered liver and kidney function, new‐onset urolithiasis, and gout flares.

Results

There were 250 participants randomized; 219 completed 12‐week treatment. More patients in the febuxostat and benzbromarone combination group achieved the SU target compared to patients in the febuxostat monotherapy group (75.5% vs 47.7%; odds ratio 3.37 [95% confidence interval 1.90–5.98]). Safety profiles were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

Simply adding on low‐dose benzbromarone (25 mg/day) to low‐dose (20 mg/day) febuxostat showed superior urate lowering compared to febuxostat monotherapy in gout with a combined‐type hyperuricemia. For selected patients, expedited achievement of the SU target in more than 75% of patients using one titration step and low xanthine oxidase inhibitor and uricosuric doses is a potential alternative to standard ULT regimens.
Pitstop‐2 Upsets The Integrity of Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) by Interaction with β‐Propeller Folds of Npc Scaffold Proteins
Authors: Stefanello Sílvio Terra , Mizdal Caren Rigon , Shahin Victor
Published: December 2023

The small compound Pitstop‐2 is a recent potent inhibitor of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME), widely used in biomedical research areas. In recent years, however, it is observed that it exhibits CME‐independent inhibitory effects on nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), the nucleocytoplasmic gatekeepers. NPCs are elaborate proteinaceous transport nano‐machineries of crucial physiological importance rendering them novel targets for various medical applications. They mediate all nucleocytoplasmic transport forming a physiologically essential selective nucleocytoplasmic barrier. The direct Pitstop‐2 disruptive effects on NPCs manifested themselves at both the structural and functional integrity levels. Moreover, they are massive, acute, and detectable at concentrations equal to CME‐inhibitory concentrations. Pitstop‐2 inhibits CME by binding to the terminal β‐propeller domain of the heavy chain of clathrin. Several NPC scaffold proteins, critical for the structural and functional integrity of the NPC, possess β‐propeller folds. Herein, utilizing computational docking analysis, it is demonstrated that Pitstop‐2 exhibits particularly high binding affinities to β‐propeller folds of NPC scaffold proteins, similar to its binding affinity to the terminal β‐propeller domain of clathrin. The authors, therefore, conclude that Pitstop‐2 is a potent disruptor of NPCs, an activity which, separately or in synergy with CME inhibition, may be exploited for a myriad of pharmacological applications.
Investigation on the Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviors of AISI 4340 Steel with Different Strength–Toughness Combinations
Authors: Wang Bin , Pan Quan Wen , Xu Zi Kuan , Zhang Peng , Yan Ying , Gu Xue Zhong , Li Yuan , Hong Chao , Li Xiao Wu , Zhang Zhe Feng
Published: December 2023

The strength, toughness, and fatigue crack growth (FCG) resistance of high‐strength steels are the key performance indexes concerned in the material selection of engineering components. It is considered that the FCG resistance of high‐strength steels can be optimized by simultaneous strengthening and toughening. In order to make clear whether the above view is correct or not, the strength–toughness combination and FCG resistance of AISI 4340 steel under different heat treatments are investigated and compared with those of 18Ni maraging steel in the present study. Meanwhile, the major fatigue damage mechanism of the AISI 4340 steel is analyzed and discussed. It is found that the FCG resistance of AISI 4340 steel enhances rapidly at first and then remains approximately the same with the decrement of strength (the improvement of toughness). Moreover, it is detected that simultaneously upgrading the strength and toughness of high‐strength steels cannot improve the FCG resistance. Finally, it is believed that the microscopic fatigue damage mechanism is the major factor determining the FCG resistance rather than the macroscopic strength–toughness combination, and the factors affecting the FCG resistance of AISI 4340 steel are mainly the pre‐existing dislocations and carbide precipitates.
Significantly Enhanced Conformal Contact by the Functional Layers on a Copper Film for Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Alayli Mohamad , Kim Taehun , Cheon Seongsu , Baik Seunghyun
Published: December 2023

Low‐cost thermal interface materials with high thermal conductivity (κ) and low total thermal resistance (Rt) receive considerable attention for thermal management. A copper film (CuFilm) is an excellent candidate due to the high κ (364 Wm−1 K−1) it possesses. However, the practical implementation is hindered by its high elastic modulus (Es = 70.8 GPa), inducing a high contact thermal resistance (Rc = 91.6 mm2 K W−1). Herein, the selective construction of electrically conducting or insulating layers on CuFilm to dramatically decrease Es, Rc, and Rt is reported. The highly electrically and thermally conducting layer is synthesized by incorporating in situ reduced copper nanoparticles (CuNPs, 35 vol%) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes embellished with CuNPs (1.5 vol%) in polyethylene glycol. The high effective κ (92.7 Wm−1 K−1) still maintains a low specimen thermal resistance (Rs = 4.9 mm2 K W−1), while the dramatically softened surface (Es = 5.7 GPa) decreases Rc (8.3 mm2 K W−1), resulting in a very small Rt (13.2 mm2 K W−1). Alternatively, the electrically insulating but thermally conducting layer is constructed using aluminum nitride particles. The κ is still high (72.1 Wm−1 K−1) with a small Rt (47.5 mm2 K W−1). The facile fabrication based on a CuFilm enables cost‐effective thermal interface materials with tunable electrical and thermal properties.
Single Bipolar Polymer Electrode with MXene for Na/K‐Based Dual‐Ion Symmetric Batteries
Authors: He Xuesong , Wei Bangshuai , Tang Wu , Guo Meichen , Hu Jiahui , Lin Zifeng , Fan Cong
Published: December 2023

An organic bipolar polymer electrode called poly[anthraquinone‐alt‐dihydrophenazine] (PAD) is in situ synthesized between the two‐electron n‐type unit of dibromoanthraquinone and two‐electron p‐type unit of dihydrophenazine on the layered MXene nanosheets, leading to the formation of the material composition called PAD@MX. PAD@MX shows almost the same redox mechanism and electrode performance in Na/K‐based batteries. In Na/K‐based half cells, PAD@MX can show the peak discharge capacities of 240/255 mAh g−1 and peak energy densities of 511/597 Wh kg−1, respectively, which are among the top results for cathodes in the world. Furthermore, the Na/K‐based dual‐ion symmetric batteries can be simultaneously constructed by using PAD@MX as the single electrode material. Both symmetric batteries fulfill the “ready‐to‐charge” property without any pre‐activation. Therein, PAD@MX delivers the reversible discharge capacities of 86/104 mAh g−1cathode and energy densities of 54/64 Wh kg−1total mass, stably running for 500 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of organic bipolar electrodes simultaneously applied to the Na/K‐based dual‐ion symmetric batteries in the world.
MXene Functionalized Kevlar Yarn via Automated, Continuous Dip Coating
Authors: Bi Lingyi , Perry William , Wang Ruocun (John) , Lord Robert , Hryhorchuk Tetiana , Inman Alex , Gogotsi Oleksiy , Balitskiy Vitaliy , Zahorodna Veronika , Baginskiy Ivan , Vorotilo Stepan , Gogotsi Yury
Published: December 2023

The rise of the Internet of Things has spurred extensive research on integrating conductive materials into textiles to turn them into sensors, antennas, energy storage devices, and heaters. MXenes, owing to their high electrical conductivity and solution processability, offer an efficient way to add conductivity and electronic functions to textiles through simple dip coating. However, manual development of MXene‐coated textiles restricts their quality, quantity, and variety. Here, a versatile automated yarn dip coater tailored for producing continuously high‐quality MXene‐coated yarns and conducted the most comprehensive MXene‐yarn dip coating study to date is developed. Compared to manual methods, the automated coater provides lower resistance, superior uniformity, faster speed, and reduced MXene consumption. It also enables rapid coating parameter optimization, resulting in a thin Ti3C2 coating uniform over a 1 km length on a braided Kevlar yarn while preserving its excellent mechanical properties (over 800 MPa) and adding Joule heating and damage sensing to composites reinforced by the yarns. By dip‐coating five different yarns of varying materials, diameters, structures, and chemistries, new insights into MXene‐yarn interactions are gained. Thus, the automated dip coating presents ample opportunities for scalable integration of MXenes into a wide range of yarns for diverse functions and applications.
Actively Reconfigurable Segmented Spatial Sound Modulators
Authors: Hardwick James , Kazemi Ben , Talamali Mohamed S. , Christopoulos Giorgos , Subramanian Sriram
Published: December 2023

High‐quality acousto‐holographic patterns and images, integral to applications like 3D displays, acoustophoresis, and midair haptics, require precise distribution of ultrasound waves to achieve. Essential tools for this task are spatial sound modulators (SSMs), which control constituent elements to enable dynamic distribution of sound pressure. However, current ultrasonic SSMs face limitations due to high costs and the intricate actuation of numerous small, closely spaced units. This study introduces “segmented SSMs,” novel devices that combine traditional acoustic metasurface pixel units into custom‐shaped segmented elements. These segmented SSMs reduce actuation costs and complexity while retaining pressure distribution quality. This approach includes a custom phase agglomeration algorithm (PAA), that offers a hierarchy of potential segmentation solutions for user selection. An SSM fabrication method is detailed using off‐the‐shelf 3D printers and bespoke control electronics, completing an end‐to‐end methodology from conception to realization. This approach is validated with two prototype SSM devices that focus sound waves and levitate polystyrene beads using dynamic segmented elements. Further enhancements to the technique are explored through hybrid SSM devices with both static and dynamic elements. The pipeline facilitates efficient SSM construction across diverse applications and invites the inception of future devices with varying sizes, uses, and actuation mechanisms.
Unleashing the Power of Quantum Dots: Emerging Applications from Deep‐Ultraviolet Photodetectors for Brighter Futures
Authors: Park Taehyun , Lee Dong Hyun , Hur Jaehyun , Yoo Hocheon
Published: December 2023

Since their discovery in 1981, quantum dots (QDs) have been the center of attention in optoelectronic fields owing to their excellent properties such as clearly discrete band structure, high luminous efficiency, and tunable energy bandgap via dot size control. Among them, the bandgap increase characteristic based on the quantum confinement effect opens a new horizon in the field of deep ultraviolet photodetectors (DUV PDs). Emerging applications such as risk monitoring, wireless optical communication, and chemical sensing with extremely low environmental interference raise the significance of DUV PDs. Nonetheless, the limited material selection for DUV absorption has been the main obstacle for further applications. Along this line, this review systematically revisits the recent advances in QD‐based DUV PDs, using bandgap‐widened QDs, with a focus on the synthetic method, device architecture, and interactions among constituent components. Various QDs categorized into carbon, oxide, sulfide, and nitride are reviewed with the specific characteristics of each substance. The future prospects of QD‐based DUV PDs in terms of practical applications and the current challenges are discussed.
Highly Heterogeneous Heat‐Related Health Impacts in China and Implications for Sustainable Urban Heat Governance
Authors: Li Xinqin , Tang Junqing , He Bao‐Jie
Published: December 2023

Understanding heat‐related impacts is crucial to improving public awareness of addressing urban heat challenges and enabling decision makers to mainstream heat action plans. This study explores heat‐related physiological and psychological impacts, symptoms, and demographic determinants based on 4210 questionnaires across nine large Chinese cities, including Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Nanjing, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an in August 2020. The results indicate that heat‐related psychological impacts are equally severe as physiological impacts. Chongqing is under the most severe heat‐related health impact on both the physiological and psychological aspects. Skin heat damage (SKI), digestive system illnesses (DIG), respiratory illnesses (RES), and cardiovascular illnesses (CAR) are prominent physiological illnesses in all cities, while emotional irritability (EMO), easy to lose control temper (EAS), low mood (LOW), and insomnia (INS) are prominent psychological symptoms. Chongqing and Guangzhou are the most vulnerable cities in terms of physiological and psychological symptoms. Chengdu, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Shanghai are more resilient in terms of physiological symptoms, whereas Chengdu, Hangzhou, and Shanghai are more resistant to psychological symptoms. Heat‐related health impacts, symptoms, and demographic determinants are spatially heterogeneous. The elderly and patients are more vulnerable, while such a conclusion is not always true. The spatial heterogeneity of heat‐related physiological and psychological impacts, symptoms, and drivers highlights the significance of developing city‐specific heat health action plans.
Grain Characteristics of Perovskite Thin Films Based on SEM Image Segmentation
Authors: Yang Simiao , Song Qing , Chao Lingfeng , Li Deli , Wang Yue
Published: December 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become the forefront and hot pot of new photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, low cost, and easy preparation. Understanding the microstructure characteristics of the perovskite films is one of the key factors to further improve the efficiency and stability. The characteristics of grains based on the self‐developed perovskite film morphology analysis software GrainD are studied in this article. Important perovskite film information such as the average radius of grains, the distribution pattern of grain size, the area of grain contact, and the total number of grains are obtained. The results show that the grain size distribution of the polycrystalline perovskite film follows the lognormal distribution. According to statistical probability theory and grain growth theory, the multiplication effect of multiple random factors of film growth is proposed as the reason for the lognormal distribution. This study provides an important method for analyzing the perovskite films and gives clues about the crystallization kinetics.
First‐Principles Study of the Electronic Properties of Egg Albumen Optoelectronic Artificial Synapses by Carbon Nanotube Insertion
Authors: Wang Lu , Yang Tianyu , Ju Yuehang , Wen Dianzhong
Published: December 2023

The realization of artificial synapses based on biomaterials is of great significance for the development of environmentally friendly neuromorphic hardware systems and artificial intelligence. In this sense, a bioartificial synapse composited with egg albumen (EA) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is fabricated. Based on the adjustable weight of the artificial synapse, the plasticity of electrical synapses is explored. Due to the photogenerated carriers and thermoelectric effects of carbon nanotubes, the device has optoelectronic properties, so the optoelectronic synaptic plasticity of the device is explored under light pulses. The device is well suited for biological synapses and shows great potential for applications in future high‐density storage and neuromorphic computing systems. In addition, to further study the physical mechanism of the conductive process of the device, the electrical characteristics of the contact interface between carbon nanotubes doped with Fe substitution and the upper electrode Al are mainly analyzed by first principles, and the adsorption, charge distribution, and band structure between them are theoretically studied.
Exciton Binding Energy in Organic Polymers: Experimental Considerations and Tuning Prospects
Authors: Kashani Somayeh , Rech Jeromy James , Liu Tuo , Baustert Kyle , Ghaffari Abbas , Angunawela Indunil , Xiong Yuan , Dinku Abay , You Wei , Graham Kenneth , Ade Harald
Published: December 2023

Discrepancies in reported values of exciton binding energy (Eb) for organic semiconductors (OSs) necessitate a comprehensive study. Traditionally, Eb is defined as the difference between the transport gap (Et) and the optical gap (Eopt). Here, the Eb values of PBnDT‐TAZ polymer variants are determined using two commonly employed methods: a combination of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and low‐energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy (UPS‐LEIPS) and solid‐state cyclic voltammetry (CV). Eb values obtained by UPS‐LEIPS show low dispersion and no clear correlation with the polymer structure and thedielectric properties. In contrast, CV reveals a larger dispersion (200 meV‐1 eV) and an apparent qualitative Eb‐molecular structure correlation, as the lowest Eb values are observed for oligo‐ethylene glycol side chains. This discrepancy is discussed by examining the implications of the traditional definition of Eb. Additionally, the impact of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to the derived experimental values of Et is discussed. The differences in intrinsic and extrinsic factors highlight the context‐dependent nature of measurement when drawing global conclusions. Notably, the observed Eb trend derived from CV is not intrinsic to the pure materials but likely linked to electrolyte swelling and associated changes in dielectric environment, suggesting that high‐efficiency single‐material organic photovoltaics with low Eb may be possible via high dielectric materials.
Enhancement of Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia on Amorphous CeOx‐Modified Cu via Tuning of Active Hydrogen Supply
Authors: Li Yufeng , Wang Chaochen , Yang Lekuan , Ge Wangxin , Shen Jianhua , Zhu Yihua , Li Chunzhong
Published: December 2023

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is an environment‐friendly and promising alternative to the conventional Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis process, which is a complex process of proton‐coupled electron transfer. Hereon, the amorphous CeOx support introduced to construct Cu/a‐CeOx heterostructure is prepared to provide sufficient *H and synergistically catalyze the NO3RR. Cu/a‐CeOx achieves a maximum ammonia yield of 1.52 mmol h−1 mgcat−1. In the flow cell, the NH3 yield reaches 17.93 mmol h−1 mgcat−1 at 1 A cm−2, which exceeds most of the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ Raman observe that the catalyst undergoes structural reconfiguration under operating conditions, thus confirming that Cu2O is not the true active center in the catalytic process. Furthermore, in situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the amorphous CeOx in Cu/a‐CeOx modulates the electronic structure of Cu and overcomes the higher potential barrier required for the decomposition of water on Cu, which greatly facilitates the hydrolysis process and provides a higher H‐coverage rate for the hydrogenation of NO3−, realizing a dynamic equilibrium between the production and consumption of active hydrogen. This component design strategy centered on the amorphous structure opens up a new pathway for the electrochemical NO3RR.
Sex differences in workload in medieval Poland: Patterns of asymmetry and biomechanical adaptation in the upper limb at Giecz
Authors: Brzezinski Emma T. , Hubbe Mark , Hunter Randee L. , Agnew Amanda M.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This study characterizes sexual dimorphism in skeletal markers of upper limb mechanical loading due to lateralization as evidence of division of labor in medieval Giecz, Poland.

Methods

Twenty‐six dimensions for paired humeri, clavicles, and radii representing adult males (n = 89) and females (n = 53) were collected from a skeletal sample from the cemetery site Gz4. Percent directional asymmetry (DA) and absolute asymmetry (AA) for each dimension were compared among bones, osteometric subcategories, and sex. Additionally, side bias and sex differences were assessed in degenerative joint disease (DJD) and entheseal changes (ECs).

Results

Nearly all measurements revealed significant asymmetry favoring the right side. Asymmetry was most pronounced in midshaft dimensions with few sex differences. There were more correlations among dimensions within elements than between elements, mainly in the midshaft. No laterality in DJD frequencies was noted for either sex, but females demonstrated significantly lower odds of having DJD than males in most joints. Most ECs demonstrated a right‐bias and association with DA with no sex‐specific patterns except the biceps brachii insertion, where females were ~5 times more likely to be scored “right” than males.

Discussion

The general lack of sex differences in asymmetry and ECs suggests similarly demanding workloads for females and males, with the exception of sex‐specific functional loading differences in the forearm. Further, DJD data suggest males engaged in more intensive activities involving the upper limb. These results enhance understanding of workload in this important historical period and provide a comparison for asymmetry in past populations.
Immunology of blood as a driver of neurodegeneration
Authors: Akassoglou Katerina
Published: December 2023

Cerebrovascular alterations and innate immune activation are key features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanisms that link blood‐brain barrier disruption to neurodegeneration are poorly understood and well‐defined druggable targets at the neurovascular interface are limited. We identified the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen as necessary and sufficient for the induction of pathogenic neuroinflammation in neurologic diseases1. Fibrinogen induces spine elimination and promotes cognitive deficits in AD mouse models mediated by oxidative stress induction in microglia2, 3. Volume imaging in cleared mouse and human AD brains combined with repetitive in vivo two‐photon imaging showed focal fibrinogen deposits associated with loss of dendritic spines independent of amyloid plaques. We developed a first‐in‐class fibrin‐targeting immunotherapy to selectively inhibit fibrin‐induced inflammation without interfering with its beneficial coagulation effects4. Fibrin‐targeting immunotherapy entered the CNS, bound to fibrin, and inhibited amyloid‐driven neurotoxicity and neurotoxic inflammatory gene programs in AD mice. Thus, fibrinogen links cerebrovascular damage with immune‐mediated neurodegeneration and fibrin therapeutics may have important therapeutic implications inhibiting vascular‐driven neurodegeneration in AD and related conditions.

1. Petersen et al., Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018, 19:283‐301

2. Merlini et al. Neuron 2019, 101:1099‐1108

3. Mendiola et al. Nat Immunol 2020, 21:513‐524

4. Ryu et al. Nat Immunol 2018, 19:1212‐1223
Integrating rod‐shaped nickel molybdate@polypyrrole matrix for sustainable adsorptive removal of organic dye: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics study
Authors: P Nayak Pooja , Varghese Arun , Devi K R Sunaja , Pinheiro Dephan
Published: December 2023

Water pollution presents a significant global challenge that impacts the environment. The release of industrial effluents significantly contributes to this. Adsorption studies offer a sustainable and cost‐effective solution to efficiently remove organic pollutants from water. The current study comprises a polypyrrole/nickel molybdate composite for the effective adsorption of organic dyes, such as methylene blue, from aqueous solutions. The catalyst has been comprehensively characterized using various techniques, including XRD, FE‐SEM, FT‐IR, HR‐TEM, XPS, BET, TGA, zeta potential, and DLS analysis. Adsorption studies demonstrate up to 97% removal efficiency in 60 min. This study also evaluates the impact of various parameters, such as temperature, pH, dye concentration, and quantity of the catalyst, on the adsorption efficiency. The R2 value of 0.99 that is obtained in the kinetics study suggests the suitability of the adsorption process toward pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm study reveals that the adsorption follows Freundlich's adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the study is found to be 17.76 mg/g. Investigations into thermodynamic study give a ∆H value of −19.21 J/mol K, indicating the exothermic behavior, and ∆G of −6.95 KJ/mol, suggesting the spontaneity of the composite during the adsorption process. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed material as an effective adsorbent for removing organic dyes from water sources.
Integrating fish nursery ground conservation with sustainable resource use: The case of Trichiurus japonicus in the East China Sea
Authors: Jin Yan , Gao Xiao‐di , Yan Li‐ping , Liu Zun‐lei , Cheng Jia‐hua
Published: December 2023

Sustainable fisheries management seeks to balance fisheries' conservation with fishers' economic well‐being. Marine protected areas are increasingly used as a component of management frameworks to improve the resilience of, or maintain, marine resources. However, any spatial management measures need to consider the seasonal distribution of key species at key life stages, such as the recruitment stage.

Trichiurus japonicus (hairtail) is the highest yielding single fish species in China, but it is showing signs of miniaturization and early maturity, which are indicators of overfishing. Thus, it is a suitable model species for studies aiming to find a solution to the challenge of balancing fishing activities with resource protection.

The potentially important seasonal nursery grounds of T. japonicus in the East China Sea were identified using a model combining data for the variability in abundance and the probability of occurrence of T. japonicus recruits. Based on fishery‐independent survey data, a Bayesian hierarchical species distribution model revealed that the locations and sizes of core nursery grounds of T. japonicus varied seasonally and that the main drivers were depth, sea bottom temperature and sea bottom salinity.

The possible seasonal interactions between fishing effort and nursery grounds at different levels of importance were evaluated by analysing the spatial overlap between fishery hot spots and T. japonicus core nursery grounds. The results showed that the proportion of overlap was highest in spring and lowest in summer.

These findings highlight the urgent need to develop fleet‐adapted management measures for different levels of overlap and suggest that the eastern and southern areas of the East China Sea hairtail national aquatic germplasm resources conservation zone (TCZ) should be included in conservation planning.