bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development and Varieties of “Oneness” in Early Daoism
Authors: Wang Zhongjiang
Published: July 2024

Having both similarities with and differences from dao 道, yi 一 is an important concept which occupies an important position in early Daoist thought. As is the case with dao, “oneness” can also be traced back to the Laozi and subsequently went through a complex process of conceptual change. As a foundational concept, it serves as a description of dao while also referring to the innermost basis for the emergence and unity of everything that exists. As the foundation of the dao of political authority and effective governance, “oneness” refers to a basic principle and method which the ruler should grasp and put into practice 執一, but also designates an elementary goal and value in the ruler’s own process of self-cultivation 貴一. In comparison to the idea of dao, the concept of “oneness” approaches the relation between the one and the many as entailing a rich variety of relations of identity/difference and commonality/diversity which manifest themselves within the myriad things and affairs in the world in a more direct manner.
Bacterial and fungal microbes associated with cricket rearing systems in the tropics
Authors: Nyombe R.P.M. , Odhiambo B. , Bulli P.
Published: July 2024

House crickets (Acheta domesticus) and field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) are among the commonly reared insects for human and animal consumption. However, the potential contamination of rearing facilities with microbes poses a serious threat to sustainability of production of these insects, especially in poorer regions of the world where strategies for ensuring microbe-free environments are lacking in most cases. In this study, bacterial and fungal communities associated with cricket-rearing facility under partially controlled conditions were isolated and examined using morphological and molecular marker-based approaches. BLAST analysis of amplified 16S rRNA sequences revealed similarities to the bacterial genera Rickettsiella, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Levilactobacillus, and Aeromonas, while analysis of the ITS sequences revealed similarities to the fungi Pithomyces spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Tetrapisispora spp. Increased mortality and reduced nutritional contents of crickets exposed to the bacterial and fungal microbes were evident. Of notable concern is the contamination of the crickets with spore-forming bacteria and toxin-forming bacteria as well as fungi. Although the levels of mycotoxin were relatively low compared to the threshold set by many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the detection of aflatoxin in both species of crickets is of great concern as any dosage can pose serious health risks to consumers. Strategies to minimize contamination of crickets by entomopathogenic microbes are outlined, and future areas of research are suggested.
Evaluation of black soldier fly larvae and protease supplementation of Lohmann Brown-lite laying hens performance and egg quality
Authors: Facey H.M. , MacIsaac J.L. , Lu J. , Empey M. , Li X. , Collins S.A.
Published: July 2024

Feed costs represent up to 60-70% of the total cost of poultry production, with protein sources being the most expensive feed component. Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) shows promise as a sustainable protein source for use in animal diets. This research was conducted to determine the effects of including up to 13% defatted BSFLM and a supplementary protease-based enzyme (Concentrase-P; CBS Bio Platforms, Inc., Calgary AB, Canada) on laying hen performance and egg quality. To test this objective, 180 Lohmann Brown-Lite hens (52 weeks of age) were fed experimental diets containing 0%, 6.5%, or 13% BSFLM, with or without Concentrase-P (3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments). The treatments were fed over 20 weeks. Results indicated reduced feed intake and body weight in laying hens fed a 13% dietary inclusion level of BSFLM (), while other performance traits (egg production and FCR) were similar among treatments () and met industry performance standards. Shell weight and egg breaking strength did not significantly change with the dietary inclusion level of BSFLM or enzyme inclusion (), although a significant decrease in egg weight and albumen height was noted (), as well as a significant decrease in albumen height for the Concentrase-P treatments (). Yolk colours were significantly lighter and redder in birds fed diets containing high levels of BSFLM (). Results support the use of BSFLM at dietary inclusion levels up to 13% in laying hen diets. Concentrase-P does not appear to be required in combination with BSFLM in terms of growth and laying performance, although potential benefits to other physiological factors are worth consideration.
The Role of Biodiversity-Related Conventions in Developing Regulation of Assisted Species Migration
Authors: Lavrik Maksim
Published: July 2024

One of the most significant effects of anthropogenic climate change is the unprecedented and increasing rate of loss of the world’s biological diversity. One result of that increase is the urgent need to consider the translocation of animals and plants to more suitable habitats to enable them to survive under changing climatic conditions, a process referred to as assisted species migration (ASM). This article seeks to demonstrate how biodiversity-related treaties can enhance the implementation of ASM. It argues that the provisions of the relevant conventions should be applied flexibly to explicitly promote ASM and provide some guidance in respect of its regulation. Further articulation of ASM in documents adopted by the conferences of the parties, the conventions’ secretariats, and the documents produced by the individual parties to the treaties would also be useful as it would raise awareness and contribute to the sharing of information on best practices and related problems.
On the Nexus between Climate Change, Poverty and Failure of Justice
Authors: Umukoro Brown Etareri
Published: July 2024

Effective delivery of justice – especially in developing countries – is being severely compromised by several factors, one of which is climate change. The article discusses the narrow but important nexus between climate change, poverty and effective justice delivery, with particular reference to the poor and the vulnerable in Nigeria. The article considers the impact of climate change on access to justice from two angles. The first factor is that people cannot access the courts physically due to climate change-induced events such as flooding. The second is that the courts, and the judges themselves, are impeded physically in the functioning and delivering of justice due to climate change-induced events. The article calls on the government to strengthen its laws and harmonise its policies on climate change and poverty eradication for more effective long-term adaptation especially as it relates to poor and vulnerable people.
Ethical Emergency Planning in Animal Research Facilities: Lessons from the Pandemic
Authors: Martin Angela K. , Eggel Matthias
Published: July 2024

In this article, we discuss the ethics of research suspensions in animal research facilities and the consequent (mis)treatment of laboratory animals during emergencies. Through a case study from Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic, we articulate ethical principles and moral considerations that ought to guide the treatment and care of laboratory animals within animal research facilities during emergencies. They include a principle of preparedness, the importance of recognizing animal laboratory personnel as essential workers and conducting a Harm-Benefit Analysis in the case of an emergency, assigning responsibilities in a clear way, and providing psychological support in the aftermath of an emergency. More generally, we suggest that the pandemic should be taken as a learning opportunity for critically re-evaluating and improving emergency planning within animal research institutions worldwide, in view of mitigating risks to both human and animal well-being in future emergencies.
Lire Le Deuxième Sexe comme un roman
Authors: Leblond Aude
Published: July 2024

Cet article interroge la confusion délibérément entretenue par Simone de Beauvoir entre personne et personnage féminins dans Le Deuxième Sexe. Si les personnages fictifs et les personnes réelles sont mis sur le même plan, c’est que lire en s’identifiant, lire de manière bovaryste, peut fournir une issue à des femmes à qui l’action est interdite. Il y a donc tout à gagner à lire le deuxième volume, L’Expérience vécue, comme un roman, et pas seulement comme un essai philosophique.
Addressing Ethical Issues in Contemporary International Education & Development
Authors: Malik Sakil , Hanson-DeFusco Jessi
Published: July 2024

Empowered by global movements like Millennium Development Goals (mdg s), Sustainable Development Goals (sdg s), and Education for All (efa), the field of international education policy continues to help improve educational access and quality for millions of children and adult learners worldwide, including those affected by extreme poverty. However, often times the way that educational policy and programming is conducted in global South does not always reflect the positive ideals behind these goals. This piece examines ongoing trends of unethical partnerships, policies, and practices in contemporary international education. Reflecting legacies of neocolonialism and ethnocentricity, these problems can create a toxic development culture and minimize authentic collaboration at all levels. Yet, through engaging in a dialogue about these issues, we may begin to make valuable changes that help foster true partnerships and more effective, sustainable change for those most in need.
The New Draft Agreement on the EU Accession to the echr: Overcoming Luxembourg’s Threshold
Authors: Gragl Paul
Published: July 2024

The European Union’s accession to the European Convention on Human Rights has now been an ongoing project for decades, and questions have, therefore, rightfully emerged as to when and how it will be completed. After negotiations have been relaunched due to the Court of Justice’s negative Opinion 2/13, it is now time to take stock and examine whether the new Draft Accession Agreement of 2023 will live up to another intense scrutiny by Luxembourg’s judges. To investigate whether this will be the case, I discuss all problems highlighted by the cjeu, namely: the scope of accession and reservations made to the Convention; the co-respondent mechanism; the prior involvement procedure; inter-party cases; advisory opinions under Protocol No 16 to the Convention; the relationship between Article 53 echr and Article 53 of the Charter; the principle of mutual trust; and jurisdiction over the Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy.
A Mediterranean Thesaurus: Substratal Plant Names and Landscape Terms in Latin and Romance (An Experimental Approach)
Authors: Bengtson John D. , Leschber Corinna
Published: July 2024

In this paper we investigate lexical materials in Latin and Romance that appear to stem from ancient substrata in the Mediterranean. We focus on plant names and landscape related vocabulary, e.g., words for ‘berries’, ‘shrubbery, herbs and trees’, and words for ‘rocky’ and ‘swampy’ terrains, as both of these semantic fields are parts of the lexicon considered to be of very archaic origin. After investigating evidence for potential cognates in languages in the Mediterranean and exploring the geolinguistic distribution of the investigated words, we try to form conclusions about the involved strata and their chronological organization. We identify two important strata: an older Eurafrican layer (Hubschmid 1960) and a widely attested Euskaro-Caucasian layer associated with the arrival of Neolithic farming (see the discussion in Bengtson (2017a/2022, 2017b) and Bengtson/Leschber (2019, 2021, 2022)).

The so-called ‘Mediterranean Thesaurus’ (in memory of Johannes Hubschmid) aims to establish a compilation of lexical data featuring words with unclear or highly disputable etymologies in the languages around the Mediterranean Sea. As a first step, we are collating words in an open-ended table and their geolinguistic/dialect-geographical distribution across the ranges of the Mediterranean languages, some of which are geolinguistically remote areas. We trace two main questions: (a) whether there are characteristic semantic fields that can be more often identified (such as plant names and topography); (b) whether we can highlight typical phonetic features and sound clusters in these words.

Since the period of the Swiss and Italian etymological pioneers of the 20th century (Johannes Hubschmid, Giovanni Alessio, Carlo Battisti, Vittorio Bertoldi, Jakob Jud, Laura Lombardo, Alfredo Trombetti and many others), there has been great scientific progress in human genetics and archaeology that is increasingly revealing the prehistory of the Mediterranean. We recognize the work of these etymologists who – under much more demanding circumstances – offered suggestions about the origin of etymologically difficult words. Several hypotheses have been revisited in order to include or to reject the contribution of a specific substrate to the linguistic substrata of the macro-area. Our aim is to explore the prehistory of the Mediterranean area to understand the ethnogenesis of its peoples and their rootedness in millennia past, and to find evidence for a tentative stratification of substratum languages.
Recent Developments in the Study of Ignatius of Antioch
Authors: Sargent Benjamin
Published: July 2024

This article introduces some of the most significant recent developments in scholarship on Ignatius of Antioch. Despite much intense debate over the last three hundred years, the issue of the authentic text of the Ignatian letters remains contentious. Recent research on the intellectual and cultural context of Ignatius’s letters claims both an Hellenistic and an early Jewish influence.
Idea, Action, and Outcome
Authors: Tang Shiping
Published: July 2024

Idea, action, and outcome are identified as the three key objects of social sciences and are also explained as the key tasks of social sciences. Our failure to grasp the ontological differences between these three objects is shown and the fact that explaining them may require different epistemological stands and methodological tools has been a key cause of the sterility of many epistemological and methodological debates. Explicitly differentiating the three objects and understanding that an explanation is required for these different stands and tools therefore provides us with a better picture of the empirical challenges of social sciences and paves the way toward more scientific progress. This discussion also holds important pedagogical value.
Recontextualizing Max Weber’s Ideal Type
Authors: Sun Yufan
Published: July 2024

In this article, I recontextualize Weber’s ideal type in the philosophy of natural science and economics in terms of idealization. The goal is to promote the appreciation of this methodology in contemporary social science and improve upon some Weberians’ underdeveloped interpretations. Drawing on Weber’s methodological writing and study of the Protestant ethic, I argue that the philosophy of idealization and Weber’s ideal type share methodological characteristics: both support the selection of a research topic by isolating a particular component of reality and then constructing an imagination based on empirical materials and thought experimentation. By using the imagination as a benchmark, investigators counterfactually and contrastively explain why a particular case was observed as it was, as opposed to other possible outcomes.
A Play in the Perpetual Game of Metaphysics
Authors: Piiroinen Tero
Published: July 2024

This is a review essay of Christoforos Bouzanis’s Social Imaginary and the Metaphysical Discourse: On the Fundamental Predicament of Contemporary Philosophy and Social Sciences.
The Ports of the Eastern Red Sea Before Islam: A Historical and Cultural Study
Authors: Ghazi Shuaib Marwan bin
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on tracing the history of the ports in the eastern Red Sea since ancient times. It documents the history of the most important of these ports and the challenges in determining their locations. It also traces their impact on the Arabs’ dominance over the Red Sea during certain historical periods, and their role in civilizational contact with the northeastern region of the African continent. The study also shows the evolution of Arab maritime capabilities, from the use of leather ships to purchasing ready-made ships, until they reached the point of manufacturing their own ships. It highlights some aspects of civilizational and cultural communication between the western region of the Arabian Peninsula and the northeastern region of Africa.
The Legal Consequences of a Violation: Reparation/Just Satisfaction/Damages by Human Rights Bodies and Investment Tribunals
Authors: Marboe Irmgard
Published: July 2024

Remedies granted by both human rights courts and investment tribunals are generally based on the international law of state responsibility as codified by the International Law Commission (ILC) in 2001. However, some special rules (leges speciales) do exist in the statutes of human rights courts and in a few international investment agreements. Despite the different scopes of protection of the two areas of international law, there are remarkable similarities in judicial practice, yet important differences remain. This article explores to what extent there is already mutual influence in practice and where there is still room for mutual inspiration. It comes to the conclusion that investment tribunals could take more into consideration that victims may suffer damage, in particular non-material damage, by the mere violation of their rights. Conversely, human rights courts could pay closer attention to economic valuation criteria when it comes to the assessment of material damage.
Typifications in American and Australasian Rhynchospora sect. Pauciflorae (Cyperaceae)
Authors: LIMA ALVES KARINA DE NAZARÉ , THOMAS WILLIAM WAYT , BITTRICH VOLKER , DOS SANTOS BRAGANÇA GIL ANDRÉ
Published: July 2024

In this work, 17 lectotypifications are proposed for names related to Rhynchospora section Pauciflorae Kük. The lectotypifications are part of a nomenclatural revision of the section, which has not been revised since its creation by Kükenthal in 1949. Protologues and nomenclatural types were consulted online, in physical herbaria, or in libraries. These typifications are essential for the correct application of species names and synonyms in accordance with the principles of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.
A new species of Fomes (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from southwestern China
Authors: CUI YU-JIN , LIU HONG-GAO , DAI YU-CHENG , WANG CHAO-GE
Published: July 2024

The species diversity of Fomes in China has not been well studied, and all Fomes samples were previously identified as Fomes fomentarius based on morphology. Recent phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Fomes were carried out and one new species from Yunnan Province of southwest China, Fomes hengduanensis, was discovered. F. hengduanensis is characterized by perennial, pileate basidiomata with small ungulate pilei, greyish brown, fawn to dark grey, concentrically zonate and sulcate upper surface, greyish brown pore surface when fresh, distinct sterile margin, a trimitic hyphal system bearing clamp connections on generative hyphae, clavate to fusoid cystidioles, cylindrical basidiospores measuring 9.5–14 × 4.5–7 µm, and growing on Quercus semecarpifolia in montane forest. It differs from the most common species F. fomentarius by smaller basidiospores (9.5–14 × 4.5–7 µm vs. 15–21 × 5–7 µm), and also differs by the DNA sequences. We present the new species with illustrated description, molecular work and comparison with morphologically similar or related species.
Taxonomic changes in Scirtothrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from México
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-ARRIETA JESÚS ALEXANDER , CAMBERO-CAMPOS OCTAVIO JHONATHAN , GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ HÉCTOR
Published: July 2024

The twelve species of Scirtothrips known from México are difficult to identify. We present new updates for defining Scirtothrips in that country. The species were re-evaluated using specimens from the National Insect Collection at IBUNAM, México. Visual comparisons of the Scirtothrips holotypes and paratypes were completed and contrasted to the current nomenclature of Central and North America taxa. We proposed synonymy of seven species, but the genus retains the twelve species officially reported in México herein. Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips perseae and Scirtothrips dorsalis are crop pests usually recorded. An updated key was developed to identify the Scirtothrips spp. in México.
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded in Adhesive to Carious Dentin. An In Vitro Study Assessing μTBS, Degree of Conversion, EDX, and SEM
Authors: Maawadh Ahmed , AlDeeb Laila , Almohareb Thamer , Alahdal Khold , Alshamrani Ahoud S. , Alrahlah Ali
Published: July 2024

This In Vitro study investigated the effects of incorporating copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) into an etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesive on the survival rate of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), micro tensile bond strength (μTBS), and degree of conversion (DC) when applied
to carious dentin. Mandibular teeth with carious lesions were selected, and S. mutans was inoculated on carious-affected dentin (CAD). The samples were divided into four groups based on the concentration of CuNPs in the OptiBond FL primer: Group 1 had unmodified ER adhesive, Group 2
had 0.1 wt% CuNPs, Group 3 had 0.5 wt% CuNPs, and Group 4 had 1 wt% CuNPs. The survival rate of S. mutans was assessed, and the samples were restored to evaluate μTBS and failure modes. The DC was measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Statistical analysis
using ANOVA and Tukey tests determined significant differences across groups in antibacterial efficacy, μTBS, and DC. The results indicated that the 1 wt% CuNPs group (Group 4) exhibited the lowest bacterial survival, while the unmodified ER adhesive group (Group 1) showed the highest
S. mutans survival. The highest bond strength to the CAD was observed in the 0.5 wt% CuNPs group (Group 3), with Group 1 demonstrating the lowest μTBS. These findings suggest that incorporating CuNPs into an ER adhesive system, particularly at a concentration of 0.1 wt%, can
effectively provide antimicrobial properties to the adhesive interface while simultaneously enhancing bond strength and achieving a favorable degree of conversion with carious-affected substrates.
Al2O3 Nanoparticles Infiltered in the Fifth-Generation Adhesive to Carious Dentin. A SEM, EDX, μTBS, and FTIR Assessment
Authors: Alanazi Amer M. , Khan Azmat Ali , Niaz Muhammad Omar , Rauf Sidra , Huma Ayesha , Shafqat Shaheryar
Published: July 2024

Aluminum trioxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded in a fifth-generation adhesive to caries-affected dentin. Molars with occlusal caries were selected. Specimens underwent acid etching and were categorized into 4 groups based on the concentration of Al2O3
NPs in the fifth-generation adhesive. Group 1: 0% Al2O3 NPs, Group 2: 2% Al2O3 NPs, Group 3: 5% Al2O3 NPs and Group 4: 10% Al2O3 NPs. Surface characterization of Al2O3 NPs was assessed
via SEM, elemental distribution of particles in Al2O3 was evaluated via EDX, DC was assessed via FTIR, and antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated through the pour plate method. Teeth underwent μTBS testing using the universal testing machine. The Kruskal-Wallis
test was used to assess the difference in survival rates of S. mutans. The means of different groups were compared using ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc test to ascertain significant differences. The highest DC was observed in unmodified adhesive. The lowest DC was displayed in group
4. The highest μTBS scores were observed in group 3 samples. The lowest μTBS was observed in group 1 samples. The most effective group against S. mutans was 4. The ER adhesive loaded with 2 wt% and 5 wt% Al2O3 NPs exhibited superior μTBS
and antibacterial effectiveness. The addition of Al2O3 to the adhesive resulted in a reduction in the degree of conversion.
Semi-supervised anchorless single-engine grip detection
Authors: Shi Yun , Zhang Gang , Kong Min , Fang Jie
Published: July 2024

The extensive application of artificial intelligence in wireless communication, 3D reconstruction, and target location has successfully solved the modeling problem. Grasping specific objects in a stacked scene is a difficult task to achieve robot grasping. In this paper, a semi-supervised anchor-less single-gun grasping detection framework is proposed to help robots grasp objects easily. The framework first designs the AFMaskDetDep (AFMDD) network and then predicts the contours of objects by looking at sensing modules. Finally, the boundary value of the minimum boundary rectangle is obtained by judging the optimal target and the optimal grasping point of the inference module, and the final result is obtained by rotating back to the coordinate output on the original image area. Our proposed approach yields state-of-the-art performance with improved accuracy and computational speed on the VMRD and Cornell datasets, respectively. Experiments show that the algorithm can help the robot grasp a single specific object and has a high success rate in overlapping scenes. The success rate of each grip exceeds 93.5%.
Optimisation of process-induced residual stresses in composite laminates by different genetic algorithm and finite element simulation coupling methods
Authors: Ma Hong , Pierce Robert S , Beauson Justine
Published: July 2024

To address the residual stress induced during the cure of fibre reinforced thermoset polymer composites, two different approaches were suggested for coupling a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) with finite element (FE) simulations based on a viscoelastic constitutive law. These two approaches were proposed with consideration of different ways of integrating NSGA-II and the FE model. In Approach A, NSGA-II was performed based on results from a series of simulations under various combinations of cure variables. Alternatively, Approach B employed NSGA-II to iteratively update and optimise the cure profile for subsequent simulations. Results indicated that both approaches achieved simultaneous reductions in cure time and macroscale residual stress, with Approach B showing further improvements due to the direct coupling between the NSGA-II and simulations. Specifically, the maximum residual stress and cure time optimised by Approach A were reduced by 5%–9% and 22%–50% respectively, while those obtained by Approach B were reduced by 7%–10% and 32%–49% respectively, compared to those based on the manufacturer recommended cure profile. The evolution of stress in composites based on optimised cure profiles from these two approaches was also elucidated. Additionally, microscale modelling further revealed a 3%–5% reduction in the average residual stress within a representative volume element (RVE) model was also shown, depending upon the approach adopted. Ultimately, by combining a NSGA-II and FE simulations, the optimisation of cure time and residual stress at the macroscale and cure time together with a reduction of microscale stress could be realised.
Resilience or Risk? Evaluating Three Pathways Linking Hispanic Immigrant Networks and Health
Authors: Brooks Caroline V.
Published: July 2024

There are competing perspectives on the impact of Hispanic immigrants’ social networks on health; the Hispanic health paradox views networks as sources of resilience, whereas the tenuous ties perspective views networks as sources of risk. In this study, I explore the effect of networks on health by examining three network pathways: social capital, social bonding, and network stress. Using egocentric social network data from the VidaSana Study, a survey of 547 Hispanic immigrants in Indiana, I investigate how each network pathway is associated with physical health, mental health, and health care utilization. Results show that networks with greater capital, namely, more network health knowledge, promote physical health and health care access, whereas social bonding, operationalized as close and dense networks, benefits mental health and health care utilization. Network stress contributes to worse mental health yet improved health care access. Implications for social networks and health research among the Hispanics and more broadly are discussed.
BMW Is Powerful, Beemer Is Not: Nickname Branding Impairs Brand Performance
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Ye Ning , Thomson Matthew
Published: July 2024

This research investigates nickname branding, a novel phenomenon whereby firms incorporate the “street” names consumers give brands into their own marketing (e.g., Bloomingdale's opening a “Bloomie's” store). While practitioners anticipate positive results from deploying this tactic, the current research serves as the first empirical investigation of its likely effectiveness. Drawing on speech act theory, the authors theorize that using a nickname in place of a formal name serves as an act of power redistribution, effectively signaling submission to consumers, thereby reducing the perception of a brand's power and weakening its performance. Through a multimethod approach that incorporates secondary data analyses, field studies, and preregistered experiments, the results support this view across a range of performance metrics. In addition, the authors show that this effect is contingent on two factors, such that nickname branding (1) harms performance more for competent brands than warm brands and (2) is less pronounced when nicknames are used in messages that are communal-oriented (vs. transactional-oriented). This research introduces a new theoretical perspective centering on the illocutionary meanings embedded in the process of naming brands and highlights actionable insights on how marketers should approach or avoid consumer-based slang in their marketing.
The Rank Length Effect
Authors: Xie Vivian (Jieru) , Cai Fengyan , Bagchi Rajesh
Published: July 2024

Rank lists vary in the number of items ranked on the list (e.g., top 5 vs. top 20 movies on IMDb), that is, the rank length. Across ten studies, including both field and laboratory experiments, the authors examine the influence of rank length on evaluations, willingness to pay, and choice. They document a novel rank length effect: The same ranked items elicit more positive judgments when the rank length is longer (vs. shorter), although the differences in judgments between the ranked items are smaller. This effect is driven both by consumers’ tendency to narrowly focus on the rank list and by the manner in which they map the rank list onto their mental number line. The rank length effect extends to willingness to pay, and choice. The authors explore three different kinds of choice contexts, discuss implications, and offer suggestions for future research.
The Closing-the-Gap Effect: Joint Evaluation Leads Donors to Help Charities Farther from Their Goal
Authors: Habib Rishad , Hardisty David J. , White Katherine , Kim Baek Jung
Published: July 2024

Charitable donations can be influenced by the level of progress a cause has made toward its fundraising goal. The current work demonstrates how jointly considering more than one charitable cause along with their goal progress information shifts consumers’ donation decisions. When charitable causes are evaluated jointly (vs. separately), the comparison makes relative need for help more salient and easier to evaluate, leading to greater giving to the cause farther from its goal. A multimethod investigation, involving six preregistered experimental studies, seven supplemental studies, and a large secondary dataset with over 10,000 projects from a micro-crowdfunding platform, provides evidence for this phenomenon and demonstrates that it is robust to variations in the type of cause, the number of projects, and the donor being able to personally complete the goal. Conversely, the effect is eliminated or reversed when charities are evaluated separately (as relative need for help is less salient), when the gap between charities is smaller (as perceptions of relative need for help are diminished), or when for-profit businesses are evaluated (as the context does not heighten sensitivity to need). This work contributes to research on goal progress and evaluation mode and has implications for charitable giving in comparative contexts like crowdfunding.
Aspiring to Aspirate: L2 Acquisition of English Word-Initial /p/ Over 10 Years
Authors: Munro Murray J. , Derwing Tracey M. , Saito Kazuya
Published: July 2024

This short report describes a longitudinal examination of the acquisition of English-aspirated stops by an initial cohort of 24 adult Slavic-language (Russian, Ukrainian, and Croatian) speakers. All had arrived in Canada with low oral English proficiency, and all were enrolled in the same language instruction program at the outset. Initial bilabial stops in CVCs were recorded at eight testing times: six during the first year of the study, again at year 7, and finally at year 10. Intelligibility was evaluated through a blind listening assessment of the stop productions from the first seven testing times. Voice onset times (VOT) were measured for /p/ from all eight times. Mean /p/ intelligibility improved—mainly during a proposed Window of Maximal Opportunity for L2 speech acquisition–but remained below 100%, even after 7 years. For some speakers, early /p/ productions were minimally aspirated, with VOT increasing over time but remaining intermediate between L1 English and L1 Slavic-Language values at 10 years. However, inter-speaker variability was dramatic, with some speakers showing full intelligibility throughout the study and others showing many unintelligible productions at all times. Individual learning trajectories tended to be non-linear and often non-cumulative. Overall, these findings point to a developmental process that varies considerably from one learner to another. It also demonstrates the serious drawbacks of relying on group means to characterize the process of L2 segmental learning.
The Role of Ethnic Diversity and Residential Segregation in Shaping Anti-Immigrant Sentiment and Support for Brexit
Authors: Borkowska Magda , Laurence James
Published: July 2024

This article explores the relationship between ethnic structure of local areas, anti-immigrant sentiment and Brexit vote among White British in England. We focus on two indicators of ethnic structure: ethnic minority outgroup share and minority–majority segregation. Our findings suggest that local minority share plays a key role in shaping anti-immigrant sentiment and Brexit support. However, how it affects these outcomes is conditional on levels of local residential segregation. It is only residents living in high minority share areas that are residentially segregated who report higher anti-immigrant sentiment and Brexit support. In fact, living in high minority share areas that are residentially integrated appears to improve attitudes and reduce Brexit support.
Flip the narrative
Authors: Snow Flesher LeAnn
Published: July 2024

As the United States approaches the 2024 presidential election, its citizens are experiencing extreme political and religious schism. Separation of church and state is no longer the mantra of the US population. Instead, declarations of which political candidate is “anointed” by God fill the airwaves as well as social media networks. Individuals on both sides of the schism are convinced they know and hear the voice of God and are convinced their favored candidate is the one ordained by God to be the next president of the United States. The confusion created by this rhetoric is intensified by declarations from both sides that democracy is at risk. This article strives to answer the question, “What is really at stake?”
Toward a holistic hermeneutic and preaching in a divided world
Authors: Park Sangyil Sam
Published: July 2024

Preachers’ finding a hermeneutical and practical bridge in preaching could bring evangelicals and progressives together for productive discussion. After a brief survey on the history of biblical interpretation, highlighting trends that have led to today’s divisions in interpretive approaches among Christians, I engage with the writings of contemporary scholars and principles of Aristotelian rhetoric. Then, a reflection on Luke 18:35–43 facilitates a theological and hermeneutical dialogue using the insights of both theological spectrums and leads to two practical hermeneutical suggestions for holistic preaching: using literary criticism to read and interpret the focal text with an eye to the “bigger” picture and applying reader-response interpretation to bring in the theological perspectives of those in the community.
Religiosity and moral judgment: Moderating role of moral internalization and moral competence
Authors: Mestvirishvili Maia
Published: July 2024

Religious beliefs strongly influence moral judgment, moral values, and priorities. In this article, we analyze the nature and genesis of utilitarian versus deontological moral judgment, the role of religiosity in human morality, and finally, we present empirical findings on the interrelationship between moral judgment, moral identity, moral competence, and religiosity. In a cross-sectional study, 318 individuals (65% female) completed self-report psychometric scales, including Moral judgment scenarios, Moral Competency Index (MCI), and the Self-Importance of Moral identity (SIMI) scale. The study results show that religiosity has a predictive power for deontological moral judgment. Furthermore, bootstrapping analysis confirmed that moral competence and moral identity moderate the relationship between religiosity and deontological moral judgment. The result fits in the deontological coherence framework, evidencing that the association between consequential/deontological moral judgment and religiosity is not rigid and predetermined, but changes on a different level of moral competency and moral internalization. The study results are important to understand the contextual variables and complementary mechanisms that affect the relationship between morality and religiosity.
Devaluation of Attractive Alternatives: How Those With Poor Inhibitory Ability Preemptively Resist Temptation
Authors: Lydon John E. , Tissera Hasagani , Auger Emile , Nishioka Midori
Published: July 2024

How do people resist in-the-moment temptation if they are poor at inhibiting their impulses? Theory on self-control suggests that people have a toolbox of strategies available to them that may be used preemptively to dampen temptations. Applying this to the goal of relationship maintenance, in two studies, we examined whether people motivated to maintain their romantic relationship but poor at inhibitory control would appraise an attractive alternative (AA) as less appealing prior to a face-to-face interaction. In Study 1 ( N = 190), those with high motivation and low inhibitory control (measured with the Stroop) rated the AA as less appealing as compared with singles and those high in motivation and inhibitory control. We replicated the motivation by inhibitory control interaction in Study 2 ( N = 219). The AAs paradigm and the Devaluation Effect provide a useful way to explore the toolbox approach to self-control strategies.
Profiles of social networking site use and problematic use among adolescents /Perfiles de uso de las redes sociales y uso problemático entre adolescentes
Authors: Varona Miriam Nerea , Muela Alexander , Machimbarrena Juan Manuel
Published: July 2024

Adolescents’ use of social networks has increased exponentially. Therefore, considerable interest in studying the motives for using social network sites (SNS) and the relationships between these motives and problematic SNS use (PSNU) in adolescents has arisen. This study aimed to examine the relationships between adolescents’ motives for SNS use, frequency of use, numbers of SNS used and PSNU. A total of 1,775 students (50.4% female) aged 11–19 (mean age = 14.11) completed the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites and the Problematic Social Networking Site Use Scale. The results show that the primary motives for SNS use were entertainment, information-seeking and academic purposes. Significant correlations were found between motives for use and PSNU dimensions except for preference for interaction through SNS and academic purposes. Four user profiles were established based on the motivations for use: discreet users, leisure users, socializing users and hyperconnected users. Those in this last profile scored significantly higher on PSNU, and therefore, identifying adolescents fitting this profile is going to be key to taking appropriate preventive actions.
Terra infirma: On the base map in urban cartography and GIS
Authors: Wilmott Clancy , Wood Alexis E
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the ways in which base maps are a fundamental, but under-recognised, starting point for planners, architects, cartographers and geographic information scientists in urban spatial planning and decision-making contexts. Focusing on the case study of a collaborative mapping project with the Wood Street Commons, an unhoused community in West Oakland, it contends that base maps create a cartographic terra infirma, fundamentally shaping the process of negotiations over urban space in ways that reinforce possessive logics and normalize property as central to the function of the city. Base maps do so by paradoxically absenting all people – with the effect of absenting the occupation of land by unhoused people, while shielding property owners from view while enacting their possession through infrastructure, parcel boundaries and land features. We argue this privileging inherent in the urban base map ultimately fuels a process of “unbecoming” ( Fraser, 2018 ) – a simultaneous invisibilizing and reproduction of spatial inequality – and in response, call for attention towards the politics of base maps from urban cartographers, planners, architects and spatial scientists alike.
Retrospective study of the clinical manifestations and efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with acquired hemophilia A
Authors: Gao Fei , Dong Changhu , Du Mingzhu , Li Zhenzhen , Song Yanping , Li Guang
Published: July 2024

Objective

Raising awareness of acquired hemophilia A (AHA) and early diagnosis is critical to reduce the associated mortality rate. We aimed to characterize acquired hemophilia in Chinese patients and evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy.

Methods

The clinical characteristics, laboratory test data, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes of 20 patients with AHA who were admitted to Xi’an Central Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively studied.

Results

Nine of the patients (45%) were treated by single glucocorticoid administration; three (15%) with cyclophosphamide (CP) in combination with a glucocorticoid; four individuals (20%) received a combination therapy of rituximab with CP and glucocorticoid or rituximab with CP, vincristine, and a glucocorticoid; three (15%) by injection of human immunoglobulin in combination with a glucocorticoid; and one (5%) with CP alone. Six patients (30%) achieved total remission and 11 (55%) partial remission (PR), but three (15%) did not enter remission, indicating an objective response rate of 85%.

Conclusion

Combination therapy with rituximab or intravenous human immunoglobulin achieves superior results in some patients with AHA. Immunosuppression and the administration of coagulation factors can rapidly control the disease and are efficacious, but >50% of patients only achieved PR. These findings suggest that the complete elimination of inhibitors requires prolonged immunosuppression therapy.
Are we all anxious about the same thing? A comparison of lay definitions of music making and performance in the context of music participation
Authors: Rivera Katrina M , Smyth Lillian , Pike-Rowney Georgia , West Susan
Published: July 2024

Adverse experiences toward making music can be found in both musicians (music performance anxiety) and non-musicians (avoidance of participating in musical experiences). Both anxiety and avoidance are driven by perceptions and attributions about particular stimuli, based on schemas developed via direct and indirect experiences. Most research within music psychology focuses on the views of professional or student musicians. However, little is known about music avoidance in the general population, or their perceptions of music and performance. This article proposes to address this gap by comparing Australian adults’ perceptions toward music making and performance. A total of 116 participants self-identified as musical/non-musical, a musician/non-musician, and a performer/non-performer, then defined various terms and phrases related to music making and performance. Logistic regressions indicated that those with exposure to the music education system were significantly more likely to self-identify as musical, a musician, and a performer. Tests of independence reveal a relationship between self-identification and perceptions of music making, performance, anxiety, and willingness to engage. Possible mechanisms underlying the results of this study are discussed and a conceptual expansion related to music performance anxiety (MPA) and music making is proposed.
Video-based categorization system and frequency analysis of gestures in saxophone playing
Authors: Moura Nádia , Fonseca Pedro , Graça Jorge , Trovão Philippe , Goethel Márcio , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Serra Sofia
Published: July 2024

The study of gestures in music performance provides valuable insights for instrumental learning. However, gestural vocabularies vary depending on the instrument being played, according to its postural and technical specificities. The goals of this study were twofold: first, to create a gesture categorization system for saxophone players, and second, to analyse their gestural behaviour across contrasting musical excerpts. A criteria-based observational analysis was conducted, considering the type and frequency of gestures identified in a database of 100 video and motion recordings. The categorization system, including 15 gesture types applicable to the case of saxophone playing, was further validated by 2 expert raters. A descriptive appendix is provided for the identification of each gesture type. Results revealed that: (1) knee and trunk flexion, feet elevation, mediolateral sway and flap were the most recurrent gestures among saxophone players; (2) energetic, fast-tempo excerpts led to higher movement frequency; and (3) impulsive gestures (head nods) were idiosyncratic of the excerpt containing repeated accentuated notes. These results present a definition of the gestural behaviour of saxophone players, which constitutes relevant knowledge for the development of future studies in the fields of injury prevention, body expression and historically informed performance.