bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ink Properties on the Morphology of Long-Wave Infrared HgSe Quantum Dot Films
Authors: Wang Suhui , Zhang Xu , Wang Yi , Guo Tengxiao , Cao Shuya
Published: June 2022

As the core device of the miniature quantum dot (QD) spectrometer, the morphology control of the filter film array cannot be ignored. We eliminated strong interference from additives on the spectrum of a long-wave infrared (LWIR) QD filter film by selecting volatile additives. This work is significant for detecting targets by spectroscopic methods. In this work, a filter film with characteristic spectral bands located in the LWIR was obtained by the natural evaporation of QD ink, which was prepared by mixing various volatile organic solvents with HgSe QD–toluene solution. The factors affecting the morphology of HgSe LWIR films, including ink surface tension, particle size, and solute volume fraction, were the main focus of the analysis. The experimental results suggested that the film slipped in the evaporation process, and the multilayer annular deposition formed when the surface tension of the ink was no more than 24.86 mN/m. The “coffee ring” and the multilayer annular deposition essentially disappeared when the solute particles were larger than 188.11 nm. QDs in the film were accumulated, and a “gully” morphology appeared when the solute volume fraction was greater than 0.1. In addition, both the increase rate of the film height and the decrease rate of the transmission slowed down. The relationship between film height and transmission was obtained by fitting, and the curve conformed to the Lambert–Beer law. Therefore, a uniform and flat film without “coffee rings” can be prepared by adjusting the surface tension, particle size, and volume fraction. This method could provide an empirical method for the preparation of LWIR QD filter film arrays.
Orientation-Mediated Luminescence Enhancement and Spin-Orbit Coupling in ZnO Single Crystals
Authors: Hassan Ali , Khan Abbas Ahmad , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Azam Muhammad , Zubair Muhammad , Xue Wei , Cao Yu
Published: June 2022

Temperature-, excitation wavelength-, and excitation power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy have been utilized to investigate the orientation-modulated near band edge emission (NBE) and deep level emission (DLE) of ZnO single crystals (SCs). The near-band-edge emission of ZnO SC with <0001> orientation exhibits strong and sharp emission intensity with suppressed deep level defects (mostly caused by oxygen vacancies Vo). Furthermore, Raman analysis reveals that <0001> orientation has dominant E2 (high) and E2 (low) modes, indicating that this direction has better crystallinity. At low temperature, the neutral donor-to-bound exciton (DoX) transition dominates, regardless of the orientation, according to the temperature-dependent PL spectra. Moreover, free-exciton (FX) transition emerges at higher temperatures in all orientations. The PL intensity dependence on the excitation power has been described in terms of power-law (I~Lα). Our results demonstrate that the α for <0001>, <1120>, and <1010> is (1.148), (1.180), and (1.184) respectively. In short, the comprehensive PL analysis suggests that DoX transitions are dominant in the NBE region, whereas oxygen vacancies (Vo) are the dominant deep levels in ZnO. In addition, the <0001> orientation contains fewer Vo-related defects with intense excitonic emission in the near band edge region than other counterparts, even at high temperature (~543 K). These results indicate that <0001> growth direction is favorable for fabricating ZnO-based highly efficient optoelectronic devices.
Anti-Wear and Anti-Erosive Properties of Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites: A Critical Review of Findings and Needs
Authors: Nisa Zaib Un , Chuan Lee Kean , Guan Beh Hoe , Ayub Saba , Ahmad Faiz
Published: June 2022

Erosion caused by the repeated impact of particles on the surface of a substance is a common wear method resulting in the gradual and continual loss of affected objects. It is a crucial problem in several modern industries because the surfaces of various products and materials are frequently subjected to destructively erosive situations. Polymers and their hybrid materials are suitable, in powdered form, for use as coatings in several different applications. This review paper aims to provide extensive information on the erosion behaviors of thermoset and thermoplastic neat resin and their hybrid material composites. Specific attention is paid to the influence of the properties of selected materials and to impingement parameters such as the incident angle of the erodent, the impact velocity of the erodent, the nature of the erodent, and the erosion mechanism. The review further extends the information available about the erosion techniques and numerical simulation methods used for wear studies of surfaces. An investigation was carried out to allow researchers to explore the available selection of materials and methods in terms of the conditions and parameters necessary to meet current and future needs and challenges, in technologically advanced industries, relating to the protection of surfaces. During the review, which was conducted on the findings in the literature of the past fifty years, it was noted that the thermoplastic nature of composites is a key component in determining their anti-wear properties; moreover, composites with lower glass transition, higher ductility, and greater crystallinity provide better protection against erosion in advanced surface applications.
Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering by CdSe Nanocrystals on Plasmonic Substrates
Authors: Milekhin Ilya A. , Milekhin Alexander G. , Zahn Dietrich R. T.
Published: June 2022

This work presents an overview of the latest results and new data on the optical response from spherical CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) obtained using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). SERS is based on the enhancement of the phonon response from nanoobjects such as molecules or inorganic nanostructures placed on metal nanostructured substrates with a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). A drastic SERS enhancement for optical phonons in semiconductor nanostructures can be achieved by a proper choice of the plasmonic substrate, for which the LSPR energy coincides with the laser excitation energy. The resonant enhancement of the optical response makes it possible to detect mono- and submonolayer coatings of CdSe NCs. The combination of Raman scattering with atomic force microscopy (AFM) using a metallized probe represents the basis of TERS from semiconductor nanostructures and makes it possible to investigate their phonon properties with nanoscale spatial resolution. Gap-mode TERS provides further enhancement of Raman scattering by optical phonon modes of CdSe NCs with nanometer spatial resolution due to the highly localized electric field in the gap between the metal AFM tip and a plasmonic substrate and opens new pathways for the optical characterization of single semiconductor nanostructures and for revealing details of their phonon spectrum at the nanometer scale.
Implications of Dietary Intake and Eating Behaviors for People with Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mueller-Stierlin Annabel S. , Cornet Sebastian , Peisser Anna , Jaeckle Selina , Lehle Jutta , Moerkl Sabrina , Teasdale Scott B.
Published: June 2022

The impact of poor diet quality and nutritional inadequacies on mental health and mental illness has recently gained considerable attention in science. As the opinions and experiences of people living with serious mental illness on dietary issues are unknown, we aimed to understand the role of nutrition in a biopsychosocial approach. In total, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted with people living with serious mental illness (SMI) in Australia, Germany and Austria, and a generic thematic analysis approach was applied. Four positive (positive effects on the body and mind, therapeutic effects in treating somatic illnesses, pleasure and opportunity for self-efficacy) and three negative (impairment related to mental illness and its treatment, perceived stigma and negative effects on the body and mind) implications of diet were identified. A key issue for most of the participants was the mental burden arising from their body weight. This might indicate that negative implications, such as guilt and stigma, were of primary importance for people with SMI when talking about their dietary behavior. In conclusion, diet-related support is urgently needed for people with SMI. However, especially participants from Germany and Austria reported that this is not yet widely available in mental health settings, leading to hopelessness and resignation.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Severity of Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed , Muhammad Shoaib , Gamal Mohamed , Labieb Fatma , Amin Mostafa Atef , Abdelazeem Basel , Brašić James Robert
Published: June 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a gastrointestinal disorder affecting 7–12% of the population, is characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and alternating bowel patterns. Data on risk and protective influences have yielded conflicting evidence on the effects of alternative interventions, such as vitamin D. This review focuses on the effects of vitamin D on IBS. A systematic review and meta-analysis considered all articles published until 4 April 2022. The search for randomized controlled trials assessing vitamin D efficacy in IBS with outcomes, primary (Irritable Bowel Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS)) and secondary (IBS quality of life (IBS-QoL) and serum level of calcifediol (25(OH)D)), was performed on six databases, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included six trials with 616 patients. The pooled analysis found no difference between vitamin D and placebo in improving IBS-SSS (MD: −45.82 with 95% CI [−93.62, 1.98], p = 0.06). However, the pooled analysis favored vitamin D over placebo in improving the IBS-Qol (MD: 6.19 with 95% CI [0.35, 12.03], p = 0.04) and serum 25(OH)D (MD: 25.2 with 95% CI [18.41, 31.98], p = 0.00001). Therefore, further clinical trials are required to reach clinically applicable and generalizable findings.
Associations of Nutritional, Environmental, and Metabolic Biomarkers with Diabetes-Related Mortality in U.S. Adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1988–1994 and 2016
Authors: Zhang Xi , Ardeshirrouhanifard Shirin , Li Jing , Li Mingyue , Dai Hongji , Song Yiqing
Published: June 2022

Background: Nutritional, environmental, and metabolic status may play a role in affecting the progression and prognosis of type 2 diabetes. However, results in identifying prognostic biomarkers among diabetic patients have been inconsistent and inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the associations of nutritional, environmental, and metabolic status with disease progression and prognosis among diabetic patients. Methods: In a nationally representative sample in the NHANES III (The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994), we analyzed available data on 44 biomarkers among 2113 diabetic patients aged 20 to 90 years (mean age: 58.2 years) with mortality data followed up through 2016. A panel of 44 biomarkers from blood and urine specimens available from NHANES III were included in this study and the main outcomes as well as the measures are mortalities from all-causes. We performed weighted logistic regression analyses after controlling potential confounders. To assess incremental prognostic values of promising biomarkers beyond traditional risk factors, we compared c-statistics of the adjusted models with and without biomarkers, separately. Results: In total, 1387 (65.2%) deaths were documented between 1988 and 2016. We observed an increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with higher levels of serum C-reactive protein (p for trend = 0.0004), thyroid stimulating hormone (p for trend = 0.04), lactate dehydrogenase (p for trend = 0.02), gamma glutamyl transferase (p for trend = 0.02), and plasma fibrinogen (p for trend = 0.03), and urine albumin (p for trend < 0.0001). In contrast, higher levels of serum sodium (p for trend = 0.005), alpha carotene (p for trend = 0.006), and albumin (p for trend = 0.005) were associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, these significant associations were not modified by age, sex, or race. Inclusion of thyroid stimulating hormone (p = 0.03), fibrinogen (p = 0.01), and urine albumin (p < 0.0001), separately, modestly improved the discriminatory ability for predicting all-cause mortality among diabetic patients. Conclusions: Our nationwide study findings provide strong evidence that some nutritional, environmental, and metabolic biomarkers were significant predictors of all-cause mortality among diabetic patients and may have potential clinical value for improving stratification of mortality risk.
Changes in Sleep Patterns during Pregnancy and Predictive Factors: A Longitudinal Study in Saudi Women
Authors: Al-Musharaf Sara
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to assess sleep patterns during the three trimesters of pregnancy and whether vitamin D concentrations, along with other risk factors, are associated with these alterations. In a longitudinal study, 140 pregnant women (age 18 to 39 years) were followed throughout their first, second, and third trimesters. Sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at each trimester, along with an assessment of biochemical parameters, including serum vitamin D levels. The information that was collected included anthropometric data, socio-economic status, dietary intake, and physical activity. The PSQI was higher in mid and late pregnancy than in early pregnancy (both p = 0.001), and the sleep duration was also higher in late versus early pregnancy. Linear regression analyses revealed independent predictors of deteriorating sleep quality from early to late pregnancy, including low income (B ± SE −0.60 ± 0.26, p = 0.03) and low serum vitamin D levels in the second trimester (B ± SE −0.20 ± 0.01, p = 0.04). Energy intake and sitting in the second half of pregnancy were positively associated with changes in the PSQI score from the second to third trimesters (B ± SE 0.15 ± 0.07, p = 0.048) and (B ± SE 0.01 ± 0.00, p = 0.044), respectively. Low socio-economic status, low serum vitamin D levels, greater energy intake, and sitting time were associated with worsening patterns of sleep quality from early to late pregnancy.
Therapeutic Benefits and Dietary Restrictions of Fiber Intake: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Ioniță-Mîndrican Corina-Bianca , Ziani Khaled , Mititelu Magdalena , Oprea Eliza , Neacșu Sorinel Marius , Moroșan Elena , Dumitrescu Denisa-Elena , Roșca Adrian Cosmin , Drăgănescu Doina , Negrei Carolina
Published: June 2022

Throughout history, malnutrition and deficiency diseases have been a problem for our planet’s population. A balanced diet significantly influences everyone’s health, and fiber intake appears to play a more important role than previously thought. The natural dietary fibers are a category of carbohydrates in the constitution of plants that are not completely digested in the human intestine. High-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains, have consistently been highly beneficial to health and effectively reduced the risk of disease. Although the mode of action of dietary fiber in the consumer body is not fully understood, nutritionists and health professionals unanimously recognize the therapeutic benefits. This paper presents the fiber consumption in different countries, the metabolism of fiber and the range of health benefits associated with fiber intake. In addition, the influence of fiber intake on the intestinal microbiome, metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes), neurological aspects, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer prevention are discussed. Finally, dietary restrictions and excess fiber are addressed, which can cause episodes of diarrhea and dehydration and increase the likelihood of bloating and flatulence or even bowel obstruction. However, extensive studies are needed regarding the composition and required amount of fiber in relation to the metabolism of saprotrophic microorganisms from the enteral level and the benefits of the various pathologies with which they can be correlated.
Point-of-Care Tests for HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring: Advances and Potentials
Authors: Chua Rayeil J. , Capiña Rupert , Ji Hezhao
Published: June 2022

HIV/AIDS is a global public health crisis that is yet to be contained. Effective management of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) supported by close resistance monitoring is essential in achieving the WHO 95-95-95 targets, aiming to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Point-of-care tests (POCT) enable decentralized HIVDR testing with a short turnaround time and minimal instrumental requirement, allowing timely initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and regimen adjustment as needed. HIVDR POCT is of particular significance in an era when ART access is scaling up at a global level and enhanced HIVDR monitoring is urgently needed, especially for low-to-middle-income countries. This article provides an overview of the currently available technologies that have been applied or potentially used in HIVDR POCT. It may also benefit the continued research and development efforts toward more innovative HIVDR diagnostics.
Associated-Onset Symptoms and Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors Infected with Wuhan, Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Cancela-Cilleruelo Ignacio , Rodríguez-Jiménez Jorge , Gómez-Mayordomo Victor , Pellicer-Valero Oscar J. , Martín-Guerrero José D. , Hernández-Barrera Valentín , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Torres-Macho Juan
Published: June 2022

This study compared associated-symptoms at the acute phase of infection and post-COVID-19 symptoms between individuals hospitalized with the Wuhan, Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant. Non-vaccinated individuals hospitalized because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in one hospital during three different waves of the pandemic (Wuhan, Alpha or Delta) were scheduled for a telephone interview. The presence of post-COVID-19 symptoms was systematically assessed. Hospitalization and clinical data were collected from medical records. A total of 201 patients infected with the Wuhan variant, 211 with the Alpha variant and 202 with Delta variant were assessed six months after hospitalization. Patients infected with the Wuhan variant had a greater number of symptoms at hospital admission (higher prevalence of fever, dyspnea or gastrointestinal problems) than those infected with Alpha or Delta variant (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of patients infected with the Delta variant reported headache, anosmia or ageusia as onset symptoms (p < 0.01). The mean number of post-COVID-19 symptoms was higher (p < 0.001) in individuals infected with the Wuhan variant (mean: 2.7 ± 1.3) than in those infected with the Alpha (mean: 1.8 ± 1.1) or Delta (mean: 2.1 ± 1.5) variant. Post-COVID-19 dyspnea was more prevalent (p < 0.001) in people infected with the Wuhan variant, whereas hair loss was higher in those infected with the Delta variant (p = 0.002). No differences in post-COVID-19 fatigue by SARS-CoV-2 variant were found (p = 0.594). Differences in COVID-19 associated onset symptoms and post-COVID-19 dyspnea were observed depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant. The presence of fatigue was a common post-COVID-19 symptom to all SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The International Trade of Ware Vegetables and Orna-Mental Plants—An Underestimated Risk of Accelerated Spreading of Phytopathogenic Bacteria in the Era of Globalisation and Ongoing Climatic Changes
Authors: Smoktunowicz Magdalena , Jonca Joanna , Stachowska Aneta , May Michal , Waleron Michal Mateusz , Waleron Malgorzata , Waleron Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Bacteria of the genus Pectobacterium are globally occurring pathogens that infect a broad spectrum of plants. The plant cell wall degrading enzymes allow them to cause diseases like soft rot and blackleg. Worldwide trade and exchange of plant material together with the accompanying microorganisms contributed to the rapid spread and consequently the acquisition of new traits by bacteria. The 161 pectinolytic strains were isolated from symptomless vegetables and ornamental plants acquired from Polish and foreign local food markets. All strains except four Dickeya isolates were identified as belonging to the Pectobacterium genus by PCR with species-specific primers and recA gene sequencing. The newly isolated bacteria were assigned to eight species, P. versatile (50 strains), P. carotovorum (33), P. brasiliense (27), P. atrosepticum (19), P. parmentieri (12), P. polaris (11), P. parvum (3) and P. odoriferum (2). ERIC PCR and phenotypic characteristics revealed high heterogeneity among P. carotovorum, P. brasiliense and P. versatile isolates. Moreover, a subset of the newly isolated strains was characterised by high tolerance to changing environmental conditions such as salinity, pH and water availability. These bacteria can effectively macerate the tissues of various plants, including potato, chicory and orchid. Our results indicate that Pectobacterium strains isolated from internationally traded, symptomless vegetables and ornamental plants have high potential for adaptation to adverse environmental conditions and to infect various host plants. These features may contribute to the success of the genus Pectobacterium in spreading between different climatic zones and facilitate the colonisation of different ecological niches.
Advances in Antifungal Development: Discovery of New Drugs and Drug Repurposing
Authors: Kim Jong H. , Cheng Luisa W. , Land Kirkwood M.
Published: June 2022

This Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals describes recent advances accomplished in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing [...]
Nanomedicine as an Emerging Technology to Foster Application of Essential Oils to Fight Cancer
Authors: AbouAitah Khaled , Lojkowski Witold
Published: June 2022

Natural prodrugs extracted from plants are increasingly used in many sectors, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Among these prodrugs, essential oils (EOs) are of particular importance. These biologically active volatile oily liquids are produced by medicinal and aromatic plants and characterized by a distinctive odor. EOs possess high anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant potential but often are associated with low stability; high volatility; and a high risk of deterioration with exposure to heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Furthermore, their bioavailability is limited because they are not soluble in water, and enhancements are needed to increase their potential to target specific cells or tissues, as well as for controlled release. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, may offer efficient solutions to these problems. The technology is based on creating nanostructures in which the natural prodrug is connected to or encapsulated in nanoparticles or submicron-sized capsules that ensure their solubility in water and their targeting properties, as well as controlled delivery. The potential of EOs as anticancer prodrugs is considerable but not fully exploited. This review focusses on the recent progress towards the practical application of EOs in cancer therapy based on nanotechnology applications.
In Vitro Anatomical Models for Nasal Drug Delivery
Authors: Williams Gerallt , Suman Julie D.
Published: June 2022

Nasal drug delivery has been utilized for locally acting diseases for decades. The nose is also a portal to the systemic circulation and central nervous system (CNS). In the age of SARS-CoV2, the development of nasal sprays for vaccination and prophylaxis of respiratory diseases is increasing. As the number of nasal drug delivery applications continue to grow, the role of targeted regional deposition in the nose has become a factor is nasal drug development. In vitro tools such as nasal casts help facilitate formulation and product development. Nasal deposition has been shown to be linked to pharmacokinetic outcomes. Developing an understanding of the complex nasal anatomy and intersubject variability can lead to a better understanding of where the drug will deposit. Nasal casts, which are replicas of the human nasal cavity, have evolved from models made from cadavers to complex 3D printed replicas. They can be segmented into regions of interest for quantification of deposition and different techniques have been utilized to quantify deposition. Incorporating a nasal cast program into development can help differentiate formulations or physical forms such as nasal powder versus a liquid. Nasal casts can also help develop instructions for patient use to ensure deposition in the target deposition site. However, regardless of the technique used, this in vitro tool should be validated to ensure the results reflect the in vivo situation. In silico, CFD simulation or other new developments may in future, with suitable validation, present additional approaches to current modelling, although the complexity and wide degree of variability in nasal anatomy will remain a challenge. Nonetheless, nasal anatomical models will serve as effective tools for improving the understanding of nasal drug delivery.
Probing the Local Polarity in Biocompatible Nanocarriers with Solvatofluorochromism of a 4-Carbazole-1,8-naphthalimide Dye
Authors: Diniz Ana M. , Cruz Rui P. R. , Avó João
Published: June 2022

The study of local polarity at the nanoscale is of crucial importance for the development of smart drug delivery systems and photonic materials and is frequently accomplished with the use of luminescent tracer dyes. Nile Red is often used for this purpose, owing to its polarity-sensitive internal charge transfer transition, but its performance is affected by specific solute-solvent interactions that prevent its widespread applicability. Herein, we develop a new 1,8-naphthalimide dye with a strong charge-transfer transition that results in a large dipole moment change upon excitation. This leads to luminescence properties with high sensitivity to solvent polarity, that are independent of specific or inductive interactions. These properties are explored to probe the polarity of biocompatible nanocarriers. This dye was effective in probing the properties of polymeric nanoparticles, allowing the accurate calculation of polarity descriptors and dielectric constants.
Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Caryocaraceae): Botany, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Activities, Phytochemistry, Extractivism and Conservation Needs
Authors: Almeida-Bezerra José Weverton , Bezerra José Jailson Lima , Silva Viviane Bezerra da , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Costa José Galberto Martins da , Cruz-Martins Natália , Hano Christophe , Menezes Saulo Almeida de , Morais-Braga Maria Flaviana Bezerra , Oliveira Antonio Fernando Morais de
Published: June 2022

Caryocar coriaceum is an endemic tree of Brazil, occurring mainly in the northeast region in the Cerrado environment. The species, popularly known as “pequi”, produces fruits that are used in the manufacture of oil for food and medicinal purposes. This work reviewed studies conducted with the species, highlighting its ethnomedicinal use, its pharmacological potential, including its chemical constituents, and its cultural and socioeconomic importance. Information was obtained through the main scientific research platforms. The keyword “Caryocar coriaceum” was used as the main index for searching the following platforms: PubMed®, PubMed Central®, SciElo, Scopus® and Web of ScienceTM. The compiled papers demonstrate that C. coriaceum has great medicinal, economic and cultural importance for northeastern Brazil. Popularly, the fruits of C. coriaceum are used to treat broncho-pulmonary diseases (bronchitis, colds and flu). The fixed oil is widely used to relieve pain from various causes in the treatment of inflammation, flu, eczema, burns, fever, rickets, indigestion, heart murmurs, fatigue and erectile dysfunction. Some of these uses are corroborated by pharmacological trials, which have demonstrated the antioxidant, healing, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, antinociceptive and antimicrobial properties of the species. Chemically, fatty acids and phenolic compounds are the main constituents recorded for the species. Due to its medicinal properties, the fruits and oil of C. coriaceum have a high commercial demand and are one of the main forms of subsistence activities for local populations. On the other hand, the extractive practice of the fruits, associated with anthropic factors and its physiological nature, makes the species threatened with extinction. Thus, public management policies are highly necessary in order to avoid its extinction.
Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Properties of the Bulgarian Endemic Plant Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Mladenova Tsvetelina , Batsalova Tsvetelina , Dzhambazov Balik , Mladenov Rumen , Teneva Ivanka , Stoyanov Plamen , Bivolarska Anelia
Published: June 2022

Background: Extracts obtained from different Betonica species have been shown to possess important biological properties. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, antitumor and immunomodulatory potential of the endemic plant Betonica bulgarica (Lamiaceae) and thus, reveal new aspects of its biological activity. Methods: Methanolic extract obtained from inflorescences was analyzed for cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. The antitumor potential of the sample was determined using human cervical and lung adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa and A549). Programmed cell death-inducing effects against HeLa cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as immunomodulatory properties of the extract were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Results: The research results demonstrated that the extract has significant inhibitory potential against HeLa cells (mean IC50 value 119.2 μg/mL). The sample selectively induced apoptotic death in tumor cells. Cytotoxic effects towards mouse cell lines were detected following treatment with high concentrations of Betonica bulgarica extract (200 and 250 μg/mL). Twenty-four-hour ex vivo incubation of peripheral blood leucocytes in growth medium containing plant extract induced prominent effects in distinct immune cell populations. They included elevated levels of CD25+ and CD56+ T cells’ lymphocytes, particularly CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD56+ cells. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that Betonica bulgarica inflorescence extract possesses potential beneficial antitumor and immunomodulatory activity and could serve as a source of bioactive compounds with biomedical application.
Mesoporous Magnetic Cysteine Functionalized Chitosan Nanocomposite for Selective Uranyl Ions Sorption: Experimental, Structural Characterization, and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Galhoum Ahmed A. , Alshahrie Ahmed , Al-Turki Yusuf A. , Al-Amri Amal M. , Wageh S.
Published: June 2022

Nuclear power facilities are being expanded to satisfy expanding worldwide energy demand. Thus, uranium recovery from secondary resources has become a hot topic in terms of environmental protection and nuclear fuel conservation. Herein, a mesoporous biosorbent of a hybrid magnetic–chitosan nanocomposite functionalized with cysteine (Cys) was synthesized via subsequent heterogeneous nucleation for selectively enhanced uranyl ion (UO22+) sorption. Various analytical tools were used to confirm the mesoporous nanocomposite structural characteristics and confirm the synthetic route. The characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite were as follows: superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization (MS: 25.81 emu/g), a specific surface area (SBET: 42.56 m2/g) with a unipore mesoporous structure, an amine content of ~2.43 mmol N/g, and a density of ~17.19/nm2. The experimental results showed that the sorption was highly efficient: for the isotherm fitted by the Langmuir equation, the maximum capacity was about 0.575 mmol U/g at pH range 3.5–5.0, and Temperature (25 ± 1 °C); further, there was excellent selectivity for UO22+, likely due to the chemical valent difference. The sorption process was fast (~50 min), simulated with the pseudo-second-order equation, and the sorption half-time (t1/2) was 3.86 min. The sophisticated spectroscopic studies (FTIR and XPS) revealed that the sorption mechanism was linked to complexation and ion exchange by interaction with S/N/O multiple functional groups. The sorption was exothermic, spontaneous, and governed by entropy change. Desorption and regeneration were carried out using an acidified urea solution (0.25 M) that was recycled for a minimum of six cycles, resulting in a sorption and desorption efficiency of over 91%. The as-synthesized nanocomposite’s high stability, durability, and chemical resistivity were confirmed over multiple cycles using FTIR and leachability. Finally, the sorbent was efficiently tested for selective uranium sorption from multicomponent acidic simulated nuclear solution. Owing to such excellent performance, the Cys nanocomposite is greatly promising in the uranium recovery field.
Effect of Polymers on Behavior of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Mayhoub Ola A. , Abadel Aref A. , Alharbi Yousef R. , Nehdi Moncef L. , de Azevedo Afonso R. G. , Kohail Mohamed
Published: June 2022

The development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is still practically limited due to the scarcity of robust mixture designs and sustainable sources of local constituent materials. This study investigates the engineering characteristics of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) polymeric fiber-reinforced UHPC with partial substitution of cement at 0, 5 and 20 wt.% with latex polymer under steam and air curing techniques. The compressive and tensile strengths along with capillary water absorption and sulfate resistance were measured to evaluate the mechanical and durability properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out to explore the microstructure development and hydration products in the designed mixtures under different curing regimes. The results indicated that the mixtures incorporating 20 wt.% SBR polymer achieved superior compressive strength at later ages. Additionally, the tensile strength of the polymeric UHPC without steel fibers and with 20% polymers was enhanced by 50%, which promotes the development of novel UHPC mixtures in which steel fibers could be partially replaced by polymer, while enhancing the tensile properties.
Crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE) Recycling via Foams
Authors: Bawareth Mohammed , Xu Weiheng , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Zhu Yuxiang , Jambhulkar Sayli , Fonseca Nathan , Miquelard-Garnier Guillaume , Camille Visnansky , Matthew Lovelady , Campbell William , Song Kenan
Published: June 2022

Efficient recycling of crosslinked polyethylene has been challenging due to manufacturing difficulties caused by chemical crosslinking. This study focuses on simple processing via solid waste powder generation and particle fining for the subsequent crosslinked polyethylene inclusion and dispersion in rigid polyurethane foam. In addition, the concentration effects of crosslinked polyethylene in polyurethane were studied, showing a well-controlled foam microstructure with uniform pores, retained strength, better thermal degradation resistance, and, more importantly, increased thermal capabilities. Thus, the simple mechanical processing of crosslinked polyethylene and chemical urethane foaming showed the massive potential of recycling large amounts of crosslinked polyethylene in foams for broad applications in food packaging, house insulation, and sound reduction.
Cow Dung Gasification Process for Hydrogen Production Using Water Vapor as Gasification Agent
Authors: Zhu Guomin , Huang Jinyu , Wan Ziwei , Ling Haitao , Xu Qiyan
Published: June 2022

In recent years, with the development of hydrogen energy economy, there is an increasing demand for hydrogen in the market, and hydrogen production through biomass will provide an important way to supply clean, environmentally friendly and highly efficient hydrogen. In this study, cow dung was selected as the biomass source, and the efficiency of the biomass to hydrogen reaction was explored by coupling high temperature pyrolysis and water vapor gasification. The experimental conditions of gasification temperature, water mass fraction, heating rate and feed temperature were systematically studied and optimized to determine the optimal conditions for in situ hydrogen production by gasification of cow dung. The relationship of each factor to the yield of hydrogen production by gasification of cow dung semi-coke was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of the hydrogen production. The experiment determined the optimal operating parameters of in situ gasification: gasification temperature 1173 K, water mass fraction 80%, heating rate 10 K/min and feed temperature 673 K. The semi-coke treatment separated high temperature pyrolysis and water vapor gasification, and reduced the influence on gasification of volatile substances such as tar extracted from pyrolysis. The increase of semi-coke preparation temperature increases the content of coke, reduces the volatile matter and improves the yield of hydrogen; the small size of semi-coke particles and large specific surface area are beneficial to the gasification reaction.
Delay-Dependent Stability of Impulsive Stochastic Systems with Multiple Delays
Authors: Xiao Chunjie , Hou Ting
Published: June 2022

This paper associates with stability analysis of linear impulsive stochastic delay systems (ISDSs). Although many conclusions about the stability of ISDSs have been obtained based on Lyapunov’s method, relatively few research theories about delay-dependent stability with less conservativeness have been established. Therefore, we introduce an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) to work out this problem, and a novel delay-dependent exponential stability theorem is first deduced. On the other hand, when mean-square stability is considered, we present delay-dependent stability conditions, it is of interest to note that the proposed conditions do not depend on the size of delays in the diffusion term, which solves the problems of determining the mean-square stability of ISDSs for which the diffusion term delays are not available. In the end, two numerical examples are carried out to verify the feasibility of our conclusions.
Exponential Stabilization for a Class of Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Time Delay Systems via State Feedback Control Scheme
Authors: Kong Mengru , Liu Liang
Published: June 2022

This paper considers the exponential stabilization problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with multiple time-varying delays, whose nonlinear terms satisfy the linear growth condition. The state feedback controller that relies on a positive parameter to be determined is constructed to deal with nonlinear terms. By tactfully introducing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with an exponential function and selecting the applicable parameter to be determined, the implementable state feedback controller can be obtained to guarantee that the closed-loop system is exponentially stable. The proposed state feedback control scheme is finally applied to the control design of two-stage chemical reactor system, which illustrates the effectiveness of the control method.
Selection of Solvents for the Removal of Asphaltene–Resin–Paraffin Deposits
Authors: Tanirbergenova Sandugash , Ongarbayev Yerdos , Tileuberdi Yerbol , Zhambolova Ainur , Kanzharkan Ernar , Mansurov Zulkhair
Published: June 2022

In this study, we aimed to select the optimal solvents for the removal of asphaltene–resin–paraffin deposits. The effectiveness of various solvents was determined based on the asphaltene–resin–paraffin deposits (ARPDs) of the Zhanaozen (Ozen) crude oil field. These deposits affect the geological, physical, and technological conditions of the oil field, thus influencing its development. According to the results, we found that the most effective composite solvent is a composition comprising a 50% gasoline fraction and a 50% kerosene fraction. This composition showed mass loss of deposits of 97.7% and a dissolving power of 93.5 g/cm3 after 5 h. We confirmed the effectiveness of this composition by the paraffinic type of the deposits, which is explained by the high content of paraffin in the oil from the Zhanaozen field. Aromatic solvents showed a relatively low dissolving power compared with aliphatic solvents, which also confirms the low content of resins and asphaltenes in the ARPD.
The Catechism of the Gods: Kōyasan’s Medieval Buddhist Doctrinal Debates, Dōhan, and Kami Worship
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

A survey of the history of medieval Kōyasan, an important mountain-based headquarters for esoteric Shingon Buddhism since the early ninth century, cannot omit significant developments in the worship of kami (tutelary and ancestral gods) from the end of the Heian period (794–1185) to the Muromachi period (1333–1573). A fundamental aspect of kami worship at Kōyasan was the regular offering to the kami (shinbōraku 神法楽) of mondō-kō 問答講 (catechism/dialogue form, or ‘question and answer’ ‘lectures’) and rongi (debate examinations in the form of mondō). The relationship between Buddhist scholarship and kami worship has not been fully elucidated and such will enrich understanding of both subjects. The identities and meanings of the two oldest kami enshrined at Kōyasan, Niu Myōjin 丹生明神 (also called Niutsuhime) and Kariba Myōjin 狩場明神 (also called Kōya Myōjin), were delineated in texts produced by scholar monks (gakuryo 学侶) during a period when the debates were re-systematized after a period of sporadicity and decline, so the precise functions of this cinnabar goddess and hunter god in the related ritual offerings deserve attention. In this paper I examine ideas about the Kōyasan kami that can be found, specifically, in the institution and development of these mondō and rongi 論義. Placing them in this context yields new information, and offers new methods of understanding of not only related textual materials, but also of the icons used in the debates, and the related major ceremonies (hōe 法会) and individual ritual practices (gyōbō 行法) that were involved. Given that the candidates of a major ritual debate examination—to be discussed—that has been practiced from the Muromachi period up to the present day are said to ‘represent’ kami, and are even referred to by the names of kami, the history of the precise relationship between the kami and the debates invites more detailed explanation that has so far been largely lacking in the scholarship.
Established Churches on Social Media: The Case of the Finnish Churches
Authors: Kokkonen Laura
Published: June 2022

Two established churches, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the Orthodox Church of Finland, have an active presence on several social media platforms. In this article, I review their online presence and analyze their Facebook content in depth. The analysis indicates that the churches have a traditional and educational output that represents a form of cultural Christianity. Additionally, I discuss how operating on social media is relevant to established churches, and that it is a reflection both of their desire to be visible and to construct a certain type of presence.
Ritualizing Abortion: A Qualitative Study on Ritual and Its Meanings in The Netherlands
Authors: Biel Kiki , Braam Arjan W. , Wojtkowiak Joanna
Published: June 2022

The present study investigates ritualizing abortion in the Netherlands. Explorative, qualitative research was conducted with semi-structured interviews (n = 13) with women who looked for counseling and 43 online personal stories about the abortion from the website of a national care and expertise center. The results reveal three main categories of ritualizing: (1) creating and using symbols privately and online, (2) remembering or honoring the experience and (3) embodied ritualizing. The data reveal that respondents find meaning in the ritualizing through sharing the experience with others, expressing various feelings through symbolic and ritual forms, fostering a connection with the child-to-be, showing respect, seeking closure and transforming the experience in a meaningful way. This research reveals types of ritualizing practices in relation to a meaningful life event such as abortion. For a specific group of women experiencing decision difficulty or existential concerns in relation to the abortion, ritualizing might be an interesting tool to be incorporated into post-abortion care practices.
Assessment of the Relevance and Reliability of Reaction Time Tests Performed in Immersive Virtual Reality by Mixed Martial Arts Fighters
Authors: Polechoński Jacek , Langer Alan
Published: June 2022

Immersive virtual reality (VR) is increasingly applied in various areas of life. The potential of this technology has also been noticed in recreational physical activity and sports. It appears that a virtual environment can also be used in diagnosing certain psychomotor abilities. The main aim of this study consisted of assessing the relevance and reliability of VR-implemented tests of simple and complex reaction time (RT) performed by mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters. Thirty-two professional MMA fighters were tested. The original test developed in the virtual environment was applied for RT assessment. The fighters’ task consisted of reacting to the lighting up of a virtual disc situated in front of them by pushing a controller button. The relevance of the test task was estimated by juxtaposing the obtained results with the classic computer test used for measuring simple and complex reactions, while its reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation procedure. Significant relationships found between the results of VR-implemented tests and computer-based tests confirmed the relevance of the new tool for the assessment of simple and complex RT. In the context of their reliability, RT tests in VR do not differ from tests conducted with the use of standard computer-based tools. VR technology enables the creation of tools that are useful in diagnosing psychomotor abilities. Reaction time tests performed by MMA fighters with the use of VR can be considered relevant, and their reliability is similar to the reliability obtained in computer-based tests.
Three-Stage Wiener-Process-Based Model for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of a Cutting Tool in High-Speed Milling
Authors: Liu Weichao , Yang Wen-An , You Youpeng
Published: June 2022

Tool condition monitoring can be employed to ensure safe and full utilization of the cutting tool. Hence, remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of a cutting tool is an important issue for an effective high-speed milling process-monitoring system. However, it is difficult to establish a mechanism model for the life decreasing process owing to the different wear rates in various stages of cutting tool. This study proposes a three-stage Wiener-process-based degradation model for the cutting tool wear estimation and remaining useful life prediction. Tool wear stages classification and RUL prediction are jointly addressed in this work in order to take full advantage of Wiener process, as this three-stage Wiener process definitely constitutes to describe the degradation processes at different wear stages, based on which the overall useful life can be accurately obtained. The numerical results obtained using extensive experiment indicate that the proposed model can effectively predict the cutting tool’s remaining useful life. Empirical comparisons show that the proposed model performs better than existing models in predicting the cutting tool RUL.