bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Wary Alliance: From Enumerating the Environment to Inviting Apprehension
Authors: Shapiro Nicholas , Zakariya Nasser , Roberts Jody
Published: September 2017

In this paper we resituate discussions of community-based science beyond the emancipatory rhetoric of democratization, creative commons, and the blurring of the bulwarks of expertise to include consideration of the potentially constrictive instrumentalist scientific idiom produced by and through these practices. Collectively, we apply four interrelated insights already available within STS literature to the chemical ecologies that we are immersed within and perpetuate: 1) projects engaged in the use of science for justice claims cannot fully escape reproducing hierarchies of knowledge-power, type, and knower; 2) the pursuit of science in these instances has the potential to foreclose imaginative horizons of “how” and “why” in favor of “how much”; 3) the pursuit of more data sets the stage for adversarial epistemological encounters that can lead to entrenchment rather than resolution; and 4) these practices have the resultant effect of defining and confining (democratic) participation to one in which data become an essential gateway to having a voice. Following from this, we ask: what are the approaches to apprehending the environment that might not so easily boil down to binaries of benevolence or harm, or to renderings of uncertainty confined to the specifications of statistical confidence intervals, that in turn justify further scientific inquiry? We gesture towards an expansive conversation that we call “inviting apprehension.” Such approaches beckon multiple strata of apprehending the environment to provoke public inquiry and intervention into the questions that undergird what we assume are the problems of today and the avenues through which we must engage them.
Making and Doing Politics Through Grassroots Scientific Research on the Energy and Petrochemical Industries
Authors: Wylie Sara , Shapiro Nick , Liboiron Max
Published: September 2017

The high stakes of emergent environmental crises, from climate change to widespread toxic exposures, have motivated STS practitioners to innovate methodologically, including leveraging STS scholarship to actively remake environmental scientific practice and technologies. This thematic collection brings together current research that transforms how communities and academics identify, study, and collectively respond to contaminants engendered by the fossil fuel and petrochemical industries, including air contamination from hydraulic fracking, marine pollution from petroleum-derived plastics, and hydrocarbon derivatives such as formaldehyde that intoxicate our homes. These interventions make inroads into the “undone science” and “regimes of imperceptibility” of environmental health crises. Authors, most of whom are practitioners, investigate grassroots methods for collaboratively designing and developing low-cost monitoring tools, crowdsourcing data analysis, and imagining ways of redressing toxicity outside of the idioms of science.  Collectively, these articles work towards remaking how knowledge is made about and across industrial systems by networking community grounded approaches for accounting for environmental health issues created by the fossil fuels and allied petrochemical industries.
Methods of in vitro fecal incubation with quercetin v1
Authors: Tamura Motoi
Published: September 2017

Methods of in vitro fecal incubation with quercetin Stool samples were collected on paper sheets and quickly transferred to sterilized containers (Sarstedt K.K., Tokyo, Japan) that were placed in an AnaeroPouch with a CO2 generator (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Tokyo, Japan). Collect feces Take out CO2 generator Placed in an AnaeroPouch with a CO2 generator Stool samples were transported to the National Food Research Institute by parcel delivery service with the temperature maintained below 10°C. Weigh approximately 0.1 gram of feces with sterilized microspatula in the sterilized glass homogenizer (Glass homogenizer size is 5 mL). 30-fold anaerobic medium was added, followed by homogenization by gassing with O2-free CO2 in the sterilized glass homogenizer (Glass homogenizer size is 5 mL). Transfer the fecal homogenate (0.2 mL) to an Eppendorf tube (1.5 mL size) by a sterile pipette (1 mL). Quercetin (20 mg) was dissolved in 1 ml dimethyl sulfoxide. Add the quercetin solution (2 µl) to this fecal homogenate. The mixture was incubated under a CO2 atmosphere generated using the AnaeroPack system (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company for 7 or 24 h at 37°C.) Methanol-acetic acid (100:5, v/v) was added to the reaction mixture to a total volume of 1.0 ml. The mixture was vortexed for 120 s and centrifuged at 11,000 × g and 4°C for 10 min. The supernatant was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as follows: 20 µl sample were injected into a 250 × 4.6 mm Capcell Pak C18 5 µm column (Shiseido, Tokyo, Japan). A Jasco MD-1515 photodiode array detector (Jasco Co., Tokyo, Japan) was used to detect quercetin by spectral analysis from 200–400 nm for each peak. Spectral data at 254 nm were used to quantify quercetin content, with pure quercetin used as a standard. The mobile phase consisted of methanol/acetic acid/water (35:5:60, v/v/v). The HPLC system was operated at a column temperature of 40°C and a flow rate of 1 ml/min. How to make anaerobic medium The anaerobic medium was prepared as follows: brain heart infusion (37 g), agar (1 g), L-cysteine HCl·H2O (0.5 g), and Na2CO3 (4 g) were dissolved in 1000 ml distilled water. Aliquots of the broth (9 ml) were transferred to test tubes that were gassed with O2-free CO2, sealed with a butyl rubber stopper, and sterilized by autoclaving. Before carrying out autoclave, put a test tube with a butyl rubber stopper in a butyl rubber stopper mechanism as shown in the photograph. We use the butyl rubber stopper with the following equipment so that the butyl rubber stopper does not come off during the autoclave.
Retractación: La traducción como legitimación de fuentes antiguas: su influjo en la literatura
Authors: García Gavín Santiago
Published: September 2017

En este artículo pretendemos investigar la función de la traducción en cuanto lugar común literario ante el trasfondo de un cambio en la concepción de la literatura que va, desde una legitimación de las fuentes antiguas hasta la exigencia de originalidad de la creación literaria y que se extendió desde los umbrales de la Edad Media hasta la misma Edad Moderna. Si la referencia a la traducción fue en la Edad Media un proceso productivo para dar soporte a la auctoritas y a una parte de la “verdad simbólica”, en la Edad Moderna sirvió como pretexto para el mantenimiento de la ficción de autenticidad a la que recurre el autor con finalidades diversas. La introducción de innovaciones culturales y literarias juega aquí su papel, al igual que el distanciamiento fútil de la fábula y la utilización paródica de la figura retórica.
The Story of Journalist Organizations in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Ševčíková Markéta , Nordenstreng Kaarle
Published: September 2017

This article reviews the political history of Czechoslovakia as a vital part of the Soviet-dominated “Communist bloc” and its repercussions for the journalist associations based in the country. Following an eventful history since 1918, Czechoslovakia changed in 1948 from a liberal democracy into a Communist regime. This had significant consequences for journalists and their national union and also for the International Organization of Journalists (IOJ), which had just established its headquarters in Prague. The second historical event to shake the political system was the “Prague Spring” of 1968 and its aftermath among journalists and their unions. The third landmark was the “Velvet Revolution” of 1989, which played a significant part in the fall of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe and led to the closing of the old Union of Journalists in 1990, followed by the founding of a new Syndicate which refused to serve as the host of the IOJ. This led to a gradual disintegration and the closing down of what in the 1980s was the world’s largest non-governmental organization in the media field.
Features of noun quantifiers in old Romanian
Authors: Stan Camelia
Published: September 2017

This study is part of a collective research on the historical morphology of Romanian, conducted at the Institute of Linguistics of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. This analysis approaches in detail a specific issue in the diachrony of noun quantifiers, more precisely, the tendency towards internal fusion which compound ordinal numerals showed in old Romanian (the 16th to 18th centuries). The tendency towards formal unity determined certain changes in the morphology and syntax of numerals. Thus, the aim of this analysis is to highlight and explain the morphosyntactic manifestations of this process. Therefore, the forms of the numeral are discussed in relation to the syntactic structure of the quantified nominal phrase. The framework adopted here is the theory of grammaticalization, and contemporary diachronic syntax. The analysis of the old structures containing ordinal numerals allows us to formulate observations related to: the inflectional features of the ordinal numerals and their combination with articles, the grammaticalization degree of the formative al, the origin of the enclitic formatives –l(u)/–le/–lea, –a, and the ordering of these formatives.
Particularități ale cuantificatorilor numelui în româna veche
Authors: Stan Camelia
Published: September 2017

Lucrarea noastră face parte dintr-un studiu colectiv asupra morfologiei istorice a limbii române, elaborat la Institutul de Lingvistică din București al Academiei Române. Analiza de față aprofundează o problemă particulară a evoluției cuantificatorilor numelui, și anume tendința de sudură internă pe care numeralele ordinale compuse au manifestat-o în româna veche, între secolele al XVI-lea și al XVIII-lea. Tendința spre unitate formală a produs modificări morfologice și de comportament sintactic ale numeralelor. Obiectivul urmărit în analiză este acela de a releva și de a explica manifestările morfosintactice ale acestui proces evolutiv. De aceea, formele numeralului sînt discutate prin referire la organizarea sintactică a grupului nominal cuantificat. Cadrul conceptual și metodologic adoptat este cel al teoriei gramaticalizării și al sintaxei diacronice moderne. Cercetarea structurilor vechi care conțin numerale ordinale a condus la observații privind: particularitățile de flexiune și caracterul articulabil al numeralelor ordinale, stadiul de gramaticalizare al formantului al, originea formanților enclitici –l(u)/–le/–lea, –a, topica formanților.
Morphosyntactic features of the indefinite tot in old Romanian
Authors: Nedelcu Isabela
Published: September 2017

This article establishes and discusses a series of morphosyntactic features of the indefinite tot ‘whole, all’ in old Romanian, relating them to modern Romanian: forms that disappeared from the language, a wider variety of singular and plural genitive-dative markers (synthetic, analytic and mixed), the more permissive word order and the possibility to occur in a structure with an undetermined noun. The description of the grammatical characteristics of the quantifier tot highlights a great variation: (i) between the synthetic, analytic and mixed realization of the genitive-dative case (toatei all.F.SG.GEN≡DAT ‘of/to the whole’ + genitive-dative noun, a/la/de toată A/LA/DE all.F.SG.NOM≡ACC ‘of/to the whole’ + nominative-accusative noun, a toată A all.F.SG.NOM≡ACC ‘of/to the whole’ + genitive-dative noun); (ii) between the (pronominal and adjectival) form with the final particle –a and the one without –a (tuturor, tuturora ‘of all / to all’; tuturor oamenilor ‘of/to all the people’, tuturora fraților ‘of/to all the brothers’); (iii) between the postposition and anteposition of tot relative to certain pronouns (ei toți, toți ei ‘all of them’); (iv) between structures with a determined and an undetermined noun (toate zilele, toate zile ‘all the days’). The comparison with the modern language shows that, in some cases, this variation has been eliminated, and in other cases, it is preserved.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Fatty acid Profiles of Smoked Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Using Coconut Fiber and nutmeg Shell Smoking materials
Authors: Salindeho Netty
Published: September 2017

Skipjack tuna is one of the most popular fish processed through a traditional smoking method in North Sulawesi. This study was aimed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profiles of
skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, smoked using coconut fibers and nutmeg shell for 15 hours of smoking. Results found that the smoked skipjack using the nutmeg shell smoking material had the lower water
content and aw, and higher protein, fat and ash content than those smoked with coconut fiber (P<0.05). The fatty acid profile of the smoked skipjack using nutmeg shell showed lower total Saturated Fatty Acid
(SFA) and higher Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) than those smoked with coconut fiber (P<0.05). The organoleptic test showed for smoking materials of coconut fiber and nutmeg shell, respectively,  as follows: color was 4.97±1.32 and 5.87±0.89; taste was 5.64±0.99 and 5.80±0.88; the texture was 5.17±1.17 and 5.64±1.21; and aroma was 5.67±0.88 and 5.90±0.85. The panelists can accept the smoked skipjack using both smoking materials of coconut fiber and nutmeg shell.
AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO DE BEZERREIROS COM ECO-FORRO DE PARTÍCULAS DE MADEIRA E FIBRA DE SISAL
Authors: Cabral M. R. , Nakanishi E. Y. , Fiorelli J. , Savastano Jr H.
Published: September 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização do eco-forro constituído de painéis de partículas de madeira de maravalha de Pinus spp. e fibras de sisal aglutinados com resina poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona (PU-mamona) quando aplicados em bezerreiros cobertos com telhas de fibrocimento. Nesse estudo foi aferida a temperatura interna do bezerreiro, temperatura de globo negro, umidade relativa, no período da primavera, durante 21 dias e determinados os índices de conforto ITGU, ITU e CTR. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a temperatura de globo negro e os índices de conforto ITGU e CTR dos bezerreiros com eco-forro foi inferior àquelas aferidas em bezerreiros desprovido de forro. As imagens termográficas comprovaram que o eco-forro diminuí a transferência de calor e radiação para o interior da instalação.
INCUBATION YIELD AS A FUNCTION OF BROILER BREEDER AGE
Authors: Da Silva G. F. , Pereira D. F. , Salgado D. D. , Ramos D. D. , De Freitas L. G.
Published: September 2017

The factors involved in poultry egg incubation include breeder hen age, which may influence both the external and internal quality of eggs. In this context, this study sought to determine incubation yield among eggs from breeder hens at three ages. A total of 1,728 eggs were obtained from Cobb broiler breeders at three ages (26 weeks, 32 weeks, and 53 weeks) and incubated. At the end of the incubation process, eclosion, hatchability, the percentage of infertile eggs, the time of embryo mortality, and chick weight were all analyzed according to breeder hen age. Analysis of variance was applied to the results, and egg fertility was found to be associated with breeder age, since lower rates of eclosion were found in eggs from younger broiler breeders. Chick weight was also found to be influenced by breeder age, since eggs from older broiler breeders hatched into heavier chicks. However, neither mortality nor hatchability were found to be affected by breeder hen age.
Incidence of psychrotrophs bacteria with potential public health implications in ice cream sold in Zakho markets
Authors: AlBany Yousif Abdulla , Mohammed Reem Qasim , Azzo Nagham Mohammed , Al-Berfkani Mohammad Ismail
Published: September 2017

Background: Foodborne illness are caused by the consumption of food that is contaminated with either bacteria or their toxins and the most common causes are psychotropic bacteria which cause major public health problem. The aim was to detect and enumerate pathogenic bacteria in locally made ice cream.Methods: 250 locally made ice cream samples were randomly collected from automatic soft machines and dipping cabinets in the markets of Zakho city over a period of ten months starting in July 2016 to May 2017. All collected samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory. The most probable number methods used for detection and enumeration of pathogenic psychotropic bacteria.Results: In general, both types of ice cream samples were showed heavy contamination with aerobic bacteria. The Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) counts exceeded the standard limits in all samples; the count in dipping cabinets' samples was higher than automatic soft machines samples whereas Coliform count in automatic soft machines samples was higher than dipping cabinets' samples. High incidence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes had been detected in all ice cream samples and the range in samples from automatic soft machines were higher than samples obtained from dipping cabinets.Conclusions: This study indicates a high prevalence of pathogenic psychrotrophs in unpacked ice cream and poor hygiene during production, which make local ice cream unsuitable for consumption and it is indicating the need to monitor the hygienic quality of markets and the health authorities must be informed about such cases to avoid food poisoning.
Clinical efficacy of Esmolol, Lignocaine and Diltiazem as premedicant for attenuation of hemodynamic responses of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation- a comparative evaluation
Authors: Gupta Chitrangna , Rastogi Bhawana , Agarwal Salony , Singh V. P. , Choudhary Vineet K. , Inayat Umar
Published: September 2017

Background: Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation after induction of anesthesia is almost always associated with hemodynamic stress response. The aim of this study was to compare esmolol, lignocaine and diltiazem for suppression of laryngoscopy and intubation response.Methods: This randomized prospective double-blind control study was performed on 120 patients of either sex, aged between 18 and 58 years of ASA physical status I and II with Mallampatti grade I and II, undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Patients were randomized in four groups, Group N (normal saline), Group E (esmolol) 1.5mg/kg I.V, Group D (diltiazem) 0.2mg/kg I.V, and Group L (lignocaine) 1.5mg/kg I.V with 30 patients in each group. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded during the basal period, preinduction, during intubation and at specified intervals.Results: There was significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the control group (Group N) in association with tracheal intubation. The heart rate was significantly lower in Group E (Esmolol group), followed by Group D (Diltiazem group) and Group L (Lignocaine group). Rate pressure product was significantly lower in group E as compared to other groups, followed by group D and group L. Maximum increase in rate pressure product (RPP) just after laryngoscopy and intubation was ±74.29% in group N, ±16.11% in group E, 25.38% in group D and 38.77%in group L.Conclusions: Esmolol was better than diltiazem and they both were better than lignocaine for preventing the hemodynamic response after laryngoscopy and intubation.
Effect of PEM on thyroid status, serum total protein and A/G ratio in pre-school going children
Authors: Sah Sumesh Prasad , Aroral Manisha , Kumar Sudeep , Batra Jyoti , Mustafa Imran , Yadav Lalendra
Published: September 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare serum total protein, serum albumin and thyroid hormones in children with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and in healthy controls.Methods: Present study was a cross sectional hospital based case control study, total 75 children of age group 1-5 years were included in this study. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay method, serum total protein by biuret method, albumin by BCG method and plasma hemoglobin by CMG method. Result: In malnourished children, there is significant decrease in serum total protein (4.76 gm %), albumin (2.24 gm %) and Hb (10.57 gm %) as compared to normal healthy children. Serum T3 (0.51 ng/ml), and T4 (3.93 µg/ml) levels were significantly decreased and non-significant changes in TSH (4.26 µUI/ml) levels in children with PEM was observed as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The reduction in protein is due to decreased intake of proteins and reduced biosynthesis. The decreased in T3 and T4 levels in malnourished children is probably due to a decrease in circulating plasma proteins.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in repeatedly transfused thalassemics in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India
Authors: Mukherjee Kheya , Bhattacharjee Debojyoti , Chakraborti Goutam
Published: September 2017

Background: Patients of thalassemia who are conventionally treated by a regular transfusion regimen are at a risk of developing transfusion transmissible infections, including hepatitis. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among repeatedly transfused thalassemia patients.Methods: A total of 207 patients of beta-thalassemia, who had received at least 10 transfusions were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibody using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).Results: The overall number of anti-hepatitis C antibody seropositive was 51 (24.6%) and that for hepatitis B surface antigen positives was 7 (3.38%). The prevalence rate for hepatitis B surface antigen was in agreement with average national values, but in case of anti-HCV antibodies the prevalence rate values were comparatively much higher.Conclusions: Stringent measures need to be taken on urgent basis while screening blood for anti-hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen including inclusion of other sensitive assay like nucleic acid test (NAT) as well as better donor recruitment.
A cross-sectional study of determinants and impact of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices on nutritional status and common illnesses among infants in urban slum
Authors: Masare Monika S. , Soyam Gajanan , Hiwarkar P. A.
Published: September 2017

Background: The present research was carried out with an objective to study various breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices its effect on nutritional status of children and association with common illness like diarrhea and ARI.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted on infant registered in under five-clinic at an urban health center in urban slum. A semi structured questionnaire was used to study the current breast feeding and infant feeding practices among mothers of the study subjects. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel.Results: There was universal breastfeeding with almost all children having ever been breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months was not practiced as only about 37.72% of infants were exclusively breastfed for six months. Factors associated with sub-optimal infant and young child feeding practices in these settings include mother’s education level, lack of knowledge of proper feeding practices, lower socioeconomic status, and frequent illness. Noncompliance with proper exclusive breast-feeding practices was associated with more chances of having diarrhoea and acute respiratory illness among infants.Conclusions: The study indicates poor adherence to WHO recommendations for breastfeeding and infant feeding practices leading to more chances of falling ill with common illnesses.
Treatment outcome of tubercular lymphadenopathy cases treated under dots: a five year follow up study
Authors: Takhar Rajendra P. , Kothari Prateek , Luhadiya Shanti K. , Gupta Narendra K.
Published: September 2017

Background: Treatment of tubercular lymphadenopathy consists of at least 6 months of therapy with antitubercular drugs as DOTS in India. Some studies recommend that extension of therapy for some time may lead to lesser recurrence and relapse. This study was planned to assess the outcome of DOTS therapy in lymph node tuberculosis (TB) cases treated under RNTCP and to find out the prevalence of relapse in these patients in southern Rajasthan.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 275 cases of lymph node tuberculosis treated with DOTS under RNTCP. An immediate outcome of these cases was recorded and further traceable 81 patients were interviewed for long term outcome.Results: In our study population, treatment completion rate was 93.09%, defaulter rate was 4% and death reported in 3.7% (3/81) cases. We observed relapse rate of 9.1% after treatment completion. A total of 7.04% patients received extended treatment and none of them had relapsed during our follow up.Conclusions: Our study confirms that the efficacy of DOTS treatment is quite good in cases of tubercular lymphadenopathy but still requires review of programmatic strategy. An extension of antitubercular therapy is recommended because patients treated with DOTS had a little higher relapse rate in comparison to whom the treatment extended who had no recurrence and relapse.
Evaluation of efficacy of bupivacaine and bupivacaine plus clonidine in transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia: a prospective, randomized, double blind, comparative study
Authors: Mir Tauqeer Anjum , Mir Aabid Hussain , Gani Tantry Tariq , Yousuf Abida , Ahmad Sheikh Irshad
Published: September 2017

Background: Pain is the commonest symptom encountered postoperatively and hence multimodal analgesia is tried to overcome it. In this study, we have compared bupivacaine and bupivacaine plus clonidine in transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: Sixty ASA I and II patients in the age range of 18-60 years undergoing various lower abdominal surgeries were randomly divided into two groups, who were operated after giving spinal block using 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacine and 25ug of fentanyl. At the end of surgical procedure tranversus abdominis plane (TAP) block was given by giving 25 ml of injection bupivacaine 0.25% in group I and 25 ml of 0.25% of bupivacaine with 1 ug.kg-1 of clonidine in group II. Quality of analgesia was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), categorical pain scoring system and frequency of rescue analgesia given and duration was assessed with the time at which first rescue analgesia was given. Side effects of clonidine such as sedation, bradycardia and hypotension were also noted. The hemodynamic parameters like heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were noted for both the groups.Results: Demographic characteristics like age, weight, sex, ASA class and type of surgeries were comparable in both groups. SBP, DBP and HR were less in group II than in group I and was statistically significant (p-value<0.05). The overall mean VAS score in group I was 3.03 ± 1.57 and group II was 1.72 ± 1.02 with p-value of 0.0005 and hence better quality of analgesia in group II. Categorical pain scoring system also showed statistically better scores in group II than group I. The duration of analgesia which was calculated by mean time for first rescue analgesia in group I was 6.38 ± 2.56 hours and group II was 14.23 ± 4.63 hours with a p-value of <0.0001 and the difference was statistically significant. The mean number of doses of rescue analgesia in group I for the first 24 hours was 1.37 ± 0.89 and in group II was 0.60 ± 0.62 with a p-value of 0.0003 and the difference was statistically significant. Group II patients showed more sedation scores than group I patients (p-value <0.05). None of the patients had any episode of bradycardia or hypotension.Conclusions: Addition of clonidine 1 ug.kg-1 to 25 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine compared to 25 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine alone in tranverse abdominis plane (TAP) block improves quality of analgesia, increases duration of postoperative analgesia and decreases postoperative analgesic requirements with minimal side effects.
Frontonasal dysplasia- a rare case report
Authors: Sharma Reena , Dogra Poojan , Malhotra Kapil , Kaushal Vivek
Published: September 2017

Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a rare malformative complex affecting the frontal portion of the face, the eyes and the nose; it may occur singly or associated with other clinical signs. We report here a rare case of a full-term male baby who presented with features of FND. There was no history of consanguinity, no positive family history. Antenatal ultrasonography was normal. Though this baby did not survive because the defects were not compatible for the survival. But the developing nations still have handicap in the management of such cases in term of fiancés, surgical correction of such major defects, education and social support in these patients.
A rare presentation of disseminated invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Banerjee Rituparna , Patil Smita , Pendse Manish , Mukherji Anannya , Kashyap Prashant
Published: September 2017

Here’s presenting a case of disseminated invasive aspergillosis in a young female patient with pulmonary and CNS complications and the difficulty one faces while diagnosing such a case due to variable presentation of symptoms with no prior history of any underlying immunodeficiency. It also focuses on how diagnosing such a case can be further delayed due to clinical and radiological miss-match. Thus, it is important to have a high index of suspicion in such patients as prolonged antibiotics and systemic steroids worsens the course of illness.
Hemophagocytic syndrome, a rare variant of Still’s disease
Authors: Bhave Neha , Gupta Dinesh , Kashyap Prashant
Published: September 2017

Adult onset still’s disease is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is responsible for a significant number of cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and musculoskeletal diseases. The diagnosis in adult onset still’s disease is mainly clinical and requires exclusion of other infections. Laboratory tests are nonspecific and treatment mainly comprises of corticosteroids, NSAIDS, immunosuppressive drugs, iv gamma globulin, anti-tumour necrosis factor, anti-interleukin. AOSD (adult onset stills disease) is a diagnostic challenge. Discovery of new serological tests and a specific diagnostic criterion may help the clinician in faster diagnosis and better management of the disease.
Low ligation inferior mesenteric artery versus selective sigmoidal artery ligation in sigmoid colon cancer: a comparative study
Authors: Sirikurnpiboon Siripong , Angkurawaranon Chotirot , Pinyoteppratarn Ratchamon , Vitoopinyoparb Kasidin , Muyphuag Bunlung , Chantawibul Suchart , Ratanachu-ek Thawee
Published: September 2017

Background: Ligation at the root of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) or ‘high-tie’ is widely accepted during oncologic resection of sigmoid colon cancer surgery. However, IMA ligation may compromise the anastomotic blood supply and risk injury to autonomic nerve plexus. The preservation of IMA or ‘low-tie’ may lead to increase blood flow and decrease postoperative bowel complications, nevertheless require longer operative time and technical difficulties. This study aims to compare the results between laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with selective sigmoidal artery ligation (group A) and low-ligation IMA (group B).Methods: A 1:2 case-matched comparative study and retrospective review of 27 patients with sigmoid cancer (19 female and 8 male) who underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy between January 2012 to December 2015. There were 9 patients in group A and 18 patients in group B. Perioperative results were collected and follow-up was recorded at 6 and 12 months after surgery.Results: There were no difference in the mean operative time {group A 194.44 (+28.77), group B 178.89 (+55.52), p=0.349}, blood loss {group A 94.44 (+52.71), group B 79.44 (+58.15), p=0.51}, and mean numbers of harvested lymph nodes {group A 14.56 (+3.74), group B 17.56 (+7.64), p=0.183}. Three patients in group B experienced a short period of stool frequency (2-4 weeks postoperative) and one with constipation. No leakage, bleeding, or tumor recurrence occurred in both groups during the 1 year follow up.Conclusions: Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with selective sigmoidal artery ligation and lymph node dissection allows equivalent short-term oncologic results to low-ligation IMA technique.
The prevalence of practicing breast self-examination and knowledge of breast cancer disease among women attending secondary health facility
Authors: Olaogun Julius Gbenga , Emmanuel Eyitayo Ebenezer , Dada Samuel Ayokunle , Odesanmi Olakunle Muyiwa , Adesua Oladapo Atolagbe
Published: September 2017

Background: Early diagnosis has been shown to improve the prognosis of breast cancer, hence breast self-examination (BSE) as a screening method may have its benefits. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of BSE practice, the correctness of the practice steps and the knowledge of breast cancer disease among women attending secondary health facility.Methods: The study was a descriptive study among women attending antenatal care and immunization clinics at State Specialist Hospital, Ikere-Ekiti between October and December 2015. A total of 238 women seen during the period and who consented to participate in the study were included. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used and data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.Results: Of 238 respondents, 94.2% were between 20 and 39 years and mostly married (86.1%). Overall, 56.7% were aware of BSE mainly through health workers (44.4%) and information media (30.4%). A little above half (55.6%) practiced BSE and 24% could be adjudged to have good practice. Performing BSE was significantly related to respondents’ level of education (p=0.001) and marital status (p=0.032). There was high awareness (84%) of breast cancer but the vast majority (87%) had poor knowledge of breast cancer symptoms and signs.Conclusions: This study revealed poor quality of BSE practice and poor knowledge of breast cancer symptoms among our women despite good awareness. There is need for more health education to improve the quality of BSE practice and knowledge of breast cancer disease for early detection and treatment.
Audit of 62 cases of pancreatic resections for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nichkaode Prabhat , Bhukte Shusrut , Bandhe Aakash
Published: September 2017

Background: Varieties of pancreatic pathologies, needs resection of pancreatic tissue. Adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic duct is the most common malignancy presenting with early metastasis and seen as resistant to alternative treatment regimens currently available. Management and handling of such tumors is a complex and challenging task for a surgeon. Surgical resection offers an improved prognosis, with a median survival after resection of 14-20 months and up to 25% 5-year survival rates. Present study is aimed at presenting data of 62 pancreatic resections for various malignant pancreatic lesions.Methods: This is an ongoing longitudinal study which started in 2009 at teaching institute in central India. Though we had 109 patients for pancreatic resection, only 62 patients were considered suitable for the study. All patients after admission were thoroughly investigated and then considered for surgery. 48 patients were male and 14 patients were female. Age group was ranging from 33 to 65 years with mean age between 45 to 55 years. Spectrum of various malignancies and different types of pancreatic resections were done and results are presented here.Results: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy responds to surgical treatment better than other alternative modalities. In the present series out of 62 patients 27 patients with pancreatic head cancer, 22 patients with periampullary cancer, 2 patients with duodenal cancer, 6 patients with distal cholangio carcinoma, 1 patient with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. 4 patients with body and tail of pancreas cancer. Average age 38 to 65 years, 47 males and 15 females. Commonest procedure was Whipple’s operation, and distal pancreatectomy. Survival in present series was 18 -24 months and 5-year survival was 12 % that is seen mainly with Periampullary cancer.Conclusions: Surgery is the only chance of cure or long-term survival in pancreatic cancer. Chemo radiation as a primary therapy is ineffective. But some reports suggest the improved quality of life with palliative chemotherapy. Biology of the disease is the king and dictates the survival, the type of surgical procedure had no impact on survival, nor on morbidity and mortality.
Variability of IOP following laser photocoagulation used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Agarwal Sangeeta , Patel Amit Kumar , Yadav Ramyash Singh , Jaiswal Ram Kumar , Goel Shweta
Published: September 2017

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in most industrialized countries. This study was undertaken to assess the variability of IOP following laser photocoagulation used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Opthalmology, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur from June 2015 to December 2016. This study was intended to see the onset and duration of intraocular pressure spikes in diabetic retinopathy patients after green laser photocoagulation (532 nm) (Nidek). Forty patients were followed for next 3 months. The data was analysed by using SPSS version 15.0. Chi-square test and T test was used.Results: Out of 40 patients, 2 (5%) had background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) with maculopathy, 10 (25%) having pre-proliferative DR, 28 (70%) having proliferative DR. Out of 2 BDR patients, 1 (50%) developed immediate post laser angle closure (Schaffer's grade 1) which persisted for 3 days and another had shown no change in angle structure. Out of 10 PPDR patients, no one developed post laser angle closure (0%). Out of 28 PDR patients, 6 (21.4%) had post laser angle closure which included 4 patients who had angle closure before laser, that means around 7% patients developed angle closure in this group. Among these 2 patients, 1 developed angle closure immediately (Schaffer's grade 1) and another developed the same 1 day later and this angle closure (Schaffer's grade 1) remained for 3 days.Conclusions: Laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy patients can cause increase in IOP.
Diagnostic accuracy of hyperbilirubinemia in predicting perforated appendicitis
Authors: S. Vineed , Hanumanth Naik R. K.
Published: September 2017

Background: Appendicitis is one of the commonest causes of abdominal pain requiring emergency surgery. Often, it is difficult to reach a proper diagnosis. There may not be classical symptoms and signs of appendicitis. Accurate diagnosis can be aided by additional testing or expectant management or both. These might delay interventions and lead to appendiceal perforation with increased morbidity, mortality and hospital stay. Studies have shown that simple appendicitis has got mortality of 0.3% and perforated appendicitis 6%. Hyperbilirubinemia is a new diagnostic tool for predicting perforation of appendix. The aim of the study is to establish the role of hyperbilirubinemia as a new diagnostic tool to predict perforated appendicitis.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on 100 consecutive cases of acute appendicitis admitted to the emergency ward. These were subjected to investigations to support the diagnosis. These cases were also subjected to liver function tests and clinical diagnosis was confirmed pre-operative investigations and post-operatively by histopathological examination. Their clinical and investigative data were compiled and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using either chi square test or fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at P <0.05.Results: Total serum bilirubin including both direct and indirect was found to be significantly increased in case of acute suppurative appendicitis. Serum bilirubin was much higher (P <0.000) in cases of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis.Conclusions: Serum bilirubin is an important adjunct in diagnosing the presence of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis.
Epidemiological study of animal bite victims and admission in general surgery department, in Southern Odisha: a cross sectional institutional study
Authors: Pattanayak Sibaprashad , Kumar Malla Tapan , Kishore Bara Bipin , Kumar Behera Manoj
Published: September 2017

Background: Human rabies continues to be endemic in India and according to recent estimate 20,000 persons die of this disease every year. Hence this study was conducted to know the prevalence and pattern of animal bites during last one year and to determine the rate of admission in Department of Surgery.Methods: This study was conducted in the casualty, Department of Community Medicine, Department of Surgery at M. K. C. G. Medical College, Odisha, India between 1st April 2016 - March 31st, 2017. It was a cross sectional study, where convenient sampling method was used. The sample size was 6242 subjects, above 1year age group selected randomly within last 1 year. The socio demographic characteristics, epidemiological and rate of admission in surgery department were studied.Results: It was found that during last one year, out of 6242 animal bite cases, majority of them were bitten by dogs 4785 (76.66%). It was found that 5617 (90%) are category III bite, 548 (8.78%) are category II bites, 77 (1.23%) are category I bite. Parts of body bitten by animals were limbs 5828 (93.37%), face 312 (5%), back 52 (0.83%). Out of 6242 cases, 348 (5.5%) cases were admitted in General Surgery Department.Conclusions: The prevalence of dog bite was found to be more and was of category III in nature and part of body affected were mostly limbs. Prevalence of bite was nearly equal among male and female. Around 5% of the total animal bite cases required admission in Department of Surgery.
Case report of isolated impaling lung injury with successful outcome
Authors: Goel Tushar , Bhate Sameer
Published: September 2017

Impalement thoracic injuries are rare of great importance due to severity and high chances of mortality. It is essential to prevent possible vascular injury by the object avoiding major haemorrhage. This study’s primary objective is to discuss 22-year-old male patient admitted in emergency with impaling thoracic trauma by metallic sharp object post battery blast at home. X-ray reveals linear foreign body: penetrating thorax and lung. CT Chest was done and assessment was made for further management with cardiothoracic department. Patient details were collected by patient’s IPD file. Complete detailed history, patient vitals, hemogram, ABO, ABG, CXR along with USG chest and abdomen and CECT chest was done. Post op daily chest X-ray and hemogram along with chest physiotherapy and spirometry was done. Treatment diagnosis was impaled linear foreign body penetrating thorax and lung, patient was shifted to OT, under GA sternotomy was performed. Foreign object passing just lateral to subclavian penetrating upper pole of lung was identified and under specific vision pulled out carefully through entry wound keeping in mind vascular trauma. Necrosed lung part was stapled and wedge resected, on POD 8 patient was discharged with satisfactory condition. Impalement thoracic traumas are rare and have high mortality. Selection of line of treatment is necessary. Indication of surgery under high risk is performed for further trauma. In our case sternotomy was planned and under specific vision impaled object which was passing just by subclavian penetrating through lung was removed safely and patient went home in good condition.
Huge low-grade chondrosarcoma arising from rib cage: a case report
Authors: Khan Manal M. , Khan Yasmee , Namdev Rohit Kumar
Published: September 2017

We report a case of 35 years old male who presented with a huge, gradually progressing swelling of right side of chest and abdomen for 5 years. Dimensions of swelling were 40cmx30cm. Radiological findings suggested characteristic appearance of a chondrosarcoma which was arising from right lower ribs. Lesion has involved whole liver, gall bladder, right half of colon and right kidney. On histopathology, we found low grade chondrosarcoma. Though low-grade chondrosarcoma is a potentially curable neoplasm in its early stages, the present patient reported very late. As famous dictum said “the ignorant are ignorant of their ignorance “, this is a classic example of patient's ignorance which converted a curable disease into incurable.
High resolution computed tomography of temporal bone in the evaluation of otologic diseases
Authors: Handi Prakash S. , Patil Mallikarjun N. , P. Nisha
Published: September 2017

Background: Conventional radiological methods like X-ray mastoid have limited ability to delineate the details of the complex temporal bone and cochlea-vestibular anatomy and disease pathology. This can be overcome by the use of High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) evaluation of the temporal bone. HRCT is helpful in evaluating the anatomy and pathology type and extent of disease, thereby helps in preoperative planning.

Methods: The CT scan of forty five patients attending the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary care centre between August 2014 to August 2017 was evaluated in this study. Each CT scan was interpreted by an otolaryngologist and a radiologist and interpretation was by consensus. The data collected was evaluated and results are reported as rates and proportions (%).  

Results: The study evaluated CT scan of 45 patients of which 35 were male patients and 10 were female patients with age ranging from 5 years to 75 years. Most of these patients belonged to the 21-30, 31-40 age groups [9 (20%) in each group]. Infections of middle ear cleft (all with cholesteatoma), fractures of the temporal bone, anomalies and tumors of the external auditory canal and middle ear were the pathologies observed in these CT scans with infection (otomastoiditis) [23 (51.1%)] being the most common pathology observed.

Conclusions: Pre-operative CT scan may not only help in identifying the nature, extent of infectious disease including ossicular, bony erosions; it may also identify anomalies in the temporal bone and surrounding structures. Thus, HRCT temporal bone will help the surgeon in planning effective surgical strategy, reducing morbidity during the surgery.