bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure of KPbBP2O8 – A Congruent Melting Borophosphate with Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Li Hongyi , Zhao Yi , Pan Shilie , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Zhang Fangfang , Yang Zhihua , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R.
Published: May 2013

For the first time, single crystals of KPbBP2O8 with sizes up to 18 × 13 × 6 mm have been grown from a stoichiometric mixture of its components by the top seed growth method. The crystal structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray data: tetragonal, space group I$\bar {4}$2d, a = 7.1464(7) Å, c = 13.8917(16) Å, Z = 4. It exhibits an isolated [BP2O8]3– unit that is built from nearly ideal tetrahedral BO4 and PO4 groups, which are connected to each other alternatively by corner‐sharing O atoms to make a 12‐membered ring. Transmission spectroscopy illustrates that the UV cutoff edge is at approximately 235 nm. Furthermore, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and second‐harmonic generation (SHG) measurements were also performed on the reported material.
An Electropolymerisable Pyridine‐Functionalised Gold Bis(dithiolene) Complex
Authors: Oliveira Sandrina , Afonso Mónica L. , Dias Sandra I. G. , Santos Isabel C. , Henriques Rui T. , Rabaça Sandra , Almeida Manuel
Published: May 2013

A new pyridine‐substituted dithiolene complex, PPh4[Au(4‐pdddt)2] (3), was prepared and characterised. Cyclic voltammetry shows three redox processes corresponding to the interconversion between dianionic, monoanionic, neutral and cationic states, as often presented by this type of bis(dithiolene) complexes. However, the last oxidation process in this compound leads to a polymerised species obtained as an electrodeposited film. By potentiostatic electrodeposition, thin films of either the neutral gold complex, [Au(4‐pdddt)2] (4), or the polymerised cationic species can be obtained. Both films absorb strongly in the NIR region and have properties consistent with the incorporation of the intact metal bis(dithiolene) complex. A mechanism for polymerisation through formation of S–S interligand bonds is proposed.
Lewis Bases Trigger Intramolecular CH–Bond Activation: (tBu3SiO)2W=NtBu [rlhar2] (tBu3SiO)(κO,κC‐tBu2SiOCMe2CH2)HW=NtBu
Authors: Marshak Michael P. , Rosenfeld Devon C. , Morris Wesley D. , Wolczanski Peter T. , Lobkovsky Emil B. , Cundari Thomas R.
Published: May 2013

The symmetry‐forbidden cyclometalation of (silox)2W=NtBu (1, silox = OSitBu3) to (silox)(tBuN)W(H)(κO,κC‐OSitBu2CMe2CH2) (2) was investigated by kinetics [ΔH‡ = 19.2(9) kcal/mol; ΔS‡ = –23(3) eu; ΔG‡(25 °C) = 26.1(10) kcal/mol], isotopic labeling {[D54]1 → [D54]2; kH/kD = 2.7(4)}, and equilibrium studies [ΔH° = –6.7(3) kcal/mol; ΔS° = –12.1(8) eu; ΔG°(25 °C) = –3.1(4) kcal/mol]. The crystal structure of 2 reveals a pseudo‐square‐pyramidal structure that can be viewed as a distorted tetrahedron with the W–H and W–C bonds occupying one site. The addition of H2 (or D2) to 1 proceeds similarly to afford (silox)2(tBuN=)WH2 (3), and the addition of H2 to 2 also affords 3, but labeling experiments show that it proceeds via 1. Phosphane bases with cone angles < 160° trigger the cyclometalation of 1 to 2 in < 5 min, and PMe3 catalyzed the dihydrogen addition to 1. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations support the experimental findings and show that Lewis bases promote σ/π mixing. The experimentally observed intermediate (silox)2(tBuN=)WPMe3 (1‐PMe3) has a (dyz)2 (i.e., π2) ground state in contrast to the (d)2 (i.e., σ2) configuration of 1. The σ/π mixing circumvents the constraints of orbital symmetry for both cyclometalation and dihydrogen addition.
Electrochemical Study of the EuIII/EuII Redox Properties of Complexes with Potential MRI Ligands
Authors: Gál Miroslav , Kielar Filip , Sokolová Romana , Ramešová Šárka , Kolivoška Viliam
Published: May 2013

Properties of the EuIII/EuII redox couple, in the presence of one of a group of different ligands of ligands, were investigated using several electrochemical methods. Ligands used in this study included cyclodextrins, polyazamacrocycles and poly(aminocarboxylates). The poly(aminocarboxylate) containing ligands currently used as MRI contrast agents (DTPA, DOTA) as well as newly developed ligands [1,4‐DOTA(GAC12)2, 1,7‐DOTA(GAC12)2] with potential use as MRI contrast agents were studied. Cyclic voltammetry, phase sensitive AC voltammetry, DC polarography and highly effective electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilised to elucidate the mechanism of the reduction/oxidation of the Eu ion in the presence of these compounds. Stability constants of the EuIII and/or EuII complexes and heterogeneous rate constants of the charge transfer were determined. Theoretical calculations of molecular volumes and diffusion coefficients were performed as well.
Effect of emulsifier type, pH and iron on oxidative stability of 5% fish oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Nielsen Nina Skall , Horn Anna Frisenfeldt , Jacobsen Charlotte
Published: May 2013

The effect of using different emulsifiers on lipid oxidation in 5% w/w fish oil‐in‐water emulsions was investigated. Emulsifiers included two of milk protein origin (whey protein isolate (Whey) or sodium caseinate (Cas)), soy lecithin (Lec) or emulsifiers high in milk phospholipid (20 or 75%). Forty different emulsions were produced with the five different emulsifiers. For each emulsifier, emulsions were prepared at two concentrations (0.2 and 0.75 wt%) at pH 3 or 7 and with or without added iron. Emulsions were stored in closed bottles in the dark at RT (20°C) for up to 7 days (with added iron) or 42 days (without added iron). Physical parameters and oxidative stability of the emulsions were investigated by analysis of particle size, zeta potential, primary and secondary oxidation products. Increase in emulsifier concentration generally increased the oxidative stability. Type of emulsifier and physical conditions affected the physical and oxidative stability of the emulsions. A general observation was that emulsions produced with the milk protein based emulsifiers were more oxidatively stable compared with the other emulsions.

Practical applications: The overall conclusion from this study was that the oxidative stability of 5% o/w emulsions depended on both emulsifier type, concentration, pH and iron content. An analogous conclusion is most likely also valid in more complex food emulsions with similar or higher lipid contents such as milk drink, dressing, etc. Hence, in such foods the emulsifier and the emulsifier concentration should be carefully chosen in order to minimise lipid oxidation. However, milk protein‐based emulsifiers could be a better choice than emulsifiers with higher content of phospholipids independent of emulsifier concentration, pH and iron content.
Horsemeat as a source of valuable fatty acids
Authors: Lorenzo José M.
Published: May 2013

The recent horsemeat scandal in EU provides a good opportunity to review some of the benefits of food grade horsemeat.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Difluorobora‐s‐diazaindacene Dyes with Trifluoromethyl meso‐Substituents
Authors: Sobenina Lyubov N. , Petrova Olga V. , Petrushenko Konstantin B. , Ushakov Igor A. , Mikhaleva Albina I. , Meallet‐Renault Rachel , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: May 2013

A series of meso‐CF3‐4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) dyes with aryl and hetaryl substituents at the C‐3 and C‐5 positions, both symmetric and asymmetric, have been synthesized in 36–90 % yields by a new strategy involving as the key step the condensation of 2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐(5‐arylpyrrol‐2‐yl)‐1‐ethanols with diverse 2‐arylpyrroles. The starting 2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐(5‐arylpyrrol‐2‐yl)‐1‐ethanols are easily prepared by reduction of the available 2‐trifluoroacetyl‐5‐arylpyrroles. The synthesized dyes fluoresce in a longer wavelength region (626–698 nm) with high quantum yield (0.84–0.99).
Photochemical Synthesis of Phenanthridines: Exploring Fluoro and Protected Catechol Substitution
Authors: Linsenmeier Anna M. , Williams Craig M. , Bräse Stefan
Published: May 2013

Substituted phenanthridines, such as the natural product trispheridine, have been accessed by the practical photochemical cyclization of N‐benzylanilines. Functionalities, with a focus on fluoro substituents and protected catechols, are well tolerated on both the A and C rings. The phenanthridines were accessed in good to very good yields (up to 95 %) from iodinated substrates, whereas brominated substrates performed poorly in comparison (0–48 %).
The impact of superordinate identification on the justification of intergroup inequalities
Authors: Jaśko Katarzyna , Kossowska Małgorzata
Published: May 2013

Previous research on superordinate identification demonstrated the positive effects of such identification on intergroup relations. Our study investigated the hypothesis that superordinate identity increases acceptance of intergroup inequalities among members of low‐status groups. The results obtained from two studies supported our predictions. Superordinate identification increased the justification of unequal funding by members of the disadvantaged group (Study 1) and the acceptance of displaying religious symbols in public places among non‐believers (Study 2). In contrast, identification with the low‐status subgroup decreased perceived legitimacy of unequal intergroup arrangements. The results demonstrate that superordinate identification can have a negative influence on willingness to act in line with subgroup interest among members of disadvantaged groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential effects of female and male candidates on system justification: Can cracks in the glass ceiling foster complacency?
Authors: Brown Elizabeth R. , Diekman Amanda B.
Published: May 2013

Despite women's increasing representation in elected offices across a range of countries, women remain a minority of elected officials. Although greater gender equality in political leadership may be assumed to promote gender equality in other domains, the presence of female candidates might ironically facilitate attitudes associated with legitimizing gender inequality. Using experimental methods, we demonstrate that the presence of a female political candidate, relative to a male political candidate, leads to greater beliefs that the sociopolitical system is just (Experiment 1), greater legitimacy of the gender status hierarchy (Experiment 2), and greater implicit preference for stability (Experiment 3). Ironically, within a context in which women are generally underrepresented as political leaders, the increasing presence of women as political candidates might lead to stronger legitimization of the current sociopolitical system, potentially inhibiting social change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combating the mental health stigma with nostalgia
Authors: Turner Rhiannon N. , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Gheorghiu Mirona
Published: May 2013

We report research implicating nostalgia as an intrapersonal means of warding off the stigmatization of persons with mental illness. We hypothesized and found that nostalgia about an encounter with a person with mental illness improves attitudes toward the mentally ill. In Experiment 1, undergraduates who recalled an encounter with a mentally ill person while focusing on central (vs. peripheral) features of the nostalgia prototype reported a more positive outgroup attitude. This beneficial effect of nostalgia was mediated by greater inclusion of the outgroup in the self (IOGS). In Experiment 2, undergraduates who recalled a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) interaction with a mentally ill person subsequently showed a more positive outgroup attitude. Results supported a serial mediation model whereby nostalgia increased social connectedness, which predicted greater IOGS and outgroup trust. IOGS and outgroup trust, in turn, predicted more positive outgroup attitudes. We ruled out alternative explanations for the results (i.e., mood, perceived positivity, and typicality of the recalled outgroup member). The findings speak to the intricate psychological processes underlying the prejudice‐reduction function of nostalgia and their interventional potential. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Performance MxSb–Al2O3–C (M=Fe, Ni, and Cu) Nanocomposite‐Alloy Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Il Tae , Allcorn Eric , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: May 2013

MxSb–Al2O3–C (M=Fe, Ni, and Cu) nanocomposites were synthesized by mechanochemical reduction of Sb2O3 with Al and other metals (Fe, Ni, and Cu) in the presence of carbon and they were subsequently assessed as potential anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. Various characterization methods, including XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reveal that the as‐prepared nanocomposites consist of nanostructured MxSb particles in a matrix of amorphous Al2O3 and conductive carbon. The incorporation of Al2O3 and a conductive metal‐support into the Sb–C composite leads to an improved cycle life. The Cu2Sb–Al2O3–C and NiSb–Al2O3–C electrodes show, respectively, 80 and 90 % capacity retention after 70 cycles at a current rate of 100 mA g−1, and the MxSb–Al2O3–C composite anodes display >70 % retention at high current densities of 10 000 mA g−1. These characteristics are attributed to the presence of both a metal framework to support the electrochemically active Sb, which results in a low electrode impedance, and a ceramic oxide and conductive carbon matrix, which reduce the agglomeration of nanoparticles as well as buffer the volume expansion/contraction during alloying/dealloying. Ex situ XRD analysis of the sodium‐storage mechanism in MxSb–Al2O3–C composite anodes confirms the formation of a Na3Sb phase during sodiation.
Dynamics and environmental risk assessment of the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in a small vineyard river of the Lake Geneva catchment
Authors: Daouk Silwan , Copin Pierre-Jean , Rossi Luca , Chèvre Nathalie , Pfeifer Hans-Rudolf
Published: May 2013

The use of pesticides may lead to environmental problems, such as surface water pollution, with a risk for aquatic organisms. In the present study, a typical vineyard river of western Switzerland was first monitored to measure discharged loads, identify sources, and assess the dynamic of the herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). Second, based on river concentrations, an associated environmental risk was calculated using laboratory tests and ecotoxicity data from the literature. Measured concentrations confirmed the mobility of these molecules with elevated peaks during flood events, up to 4970 ng/L. From April 2011 to September 2011, a total load of 7.1 kg was calculated, with 85% coming from vineyards and minor urban sources and 15% from arable crops. Compared with the existing literature, this load represents an important fraction (6–12%) of the estimated amount applied because of the steep vineyard slopes (∼10%). The associated risk of these compounds toward aquatic species was found to be negligible in the present study, as well as for other rivers in Switzerland. A growth stimulation was nevertheless observed for the algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus with low concentrations of glyphosate, which could indicate a risk of perturbation in aquatic ecosystems, such as eutrophication. The combination of field and ecotoxicity data allowed the performance of a realistic risk assessment for glyphosate and AMPA, which should be applied to other pesticide molecules. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2035–2044. © 2013 SETAC
Consistency of 20th century sea level pressure trends as simulated by a coupled and uncoupled GCM
Authors: Colfescu Ioana , Schneider Edwin K. , Chen Hua
Published: May 2013

A coupled (ocean‐atmosphere) general circulation model (CGCM) and an uncoupled atmospheric general circulation model forced with the SST and external forcing of the coupled model simulate similar 2 m air temperature (TS) trends and also similar sea level pressure (SLP) trends for the latter half of the 20th century. This suggests that the inability of atmospheric models forced by observed SST and external forcing to reproduce observed SLP trends in the Indian Ocean could be due to model bias rather than lack of coupling. The internally generated TS trend in the CGCM is found to be small in comparison to the externally forced component. Intrinsic atmospheric noise explains most of the CGCM's internally generated high‐latitude SLP trend, while in low latitudes, the response of the SLP trend to the internally generated SST trend is important.
Q‐ING FOR HEALTH—A NEW APPROACH TO ELICITING THE PUBLIC'S VIEWS ON HEALTH CARE RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Authors: Baker Rachel , Wildman John , Mason Helen , Donaldson Cam
Published: May 2013

The elicitation of societal views about healthcare priority setting is an important, contemporary research area, and there are a number of studies that apply either qualitative techniques or quantitative preference elicitation methods. However, there are methodological challenges in connecting qualitative information (what perspectives exist about a subject) with quantitative questions (to what extent are those perspectives ‘supported’ in a wider population). In this paper, we present an integrated, mixed‐methods approach to the elicitation of public perspectives in two linked studies applying Q methodology. In the first study, we identify three broad viewpoints on the subject of health priorities. In the second study, using Q‐survey methods, we describe and illustrate methods to investigate the distribution of those views in the wider population. The findings of the second study suggest that no single viewpoint dominates and none of the three views represents a ‘minority perspective’. We demonstrate the potential of Q methodology as a methodological framework that can be used to link qualitative and quantitative questions and suggest some advantages of this over other approaches. However, as this represents the first applied study of this kind, there are methodological questions that require further exploration and development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of repeated dosing with mirtazapine, trazodone, or placebo on driving performance and cognitive function in healthy volunteers
Authors: Sasada Kazumi , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Kawano Naoko , Kohmura Kunihiro , Yamamoto Maeri , Aleksic Branko , Ebe Kazutoshi , Noda Yukihiro , Ozaki Norio
Published: May 2013

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated treatments with the sedative antidepressants mirtazapine and trazodone on driving performance and cognitive function.

Methods

Nineteen healthy men received continuous nocturnal doses of 15‐mg mirtazapine , 25‐mg trazodone, or placebo for 8 days in a double‐blinded, three‐way crossover trial. Subjects were asked to perform three driving tasks (road tracking, car following, and harsh braking) using a driving simulator and cognitive tasks (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Test, and N‐back Test) at baseline and on Days 2 and 9. Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores were also assessed.

Results

Mirtazapine significantly increased the standard deviation of lateral position in the road‐tracking task as compared with trazodone on Day 2. Mirtazapine significantly increased Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores as compared with trazodone and placebo. For the remaining tasks, no significant effects of treatment were observed.

Conclusions

Acute treatment of mirtazapine impaired road‐tracking performance and increased sleepiness, but sedative effects disappeared under repeated administrations. Trazodone did not affect driving performance or cognitive function under acute or repeated administrations. Both initial sedative effects and pharmacological profiles should be taken into consideration when using sedative antidepressants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces Warburg‐like metabolism and is reversed by anti‐inflammatory curcumin in breast epithelial cells
Authors: Vaughan Roger A. , Garcia‐Smith Randi , Dorsey Jonathan , Griffith Jeffrey K. , Bisoffi Marco , Trujillo Kristina A.
Published: May 2013

The reprogramming of cellular metabolism in cancer cells is a well‐documented effect. It has previously been shown that common oncogene expression can induce aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. However, the direct effect of an inflammatory microenvironment on cancer cell metabolism is not known. Here, we illustrate that treatment of nonmalignant (MCF‐10a) and malignant (MCF‐7) breast epithelial cells with low‐level (10 ng/ml) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) significantly increased glycolytic reliance, lactate export and expression of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). TNF‐α decreased total mitochondrial content; however, oxygen consumption rate was not significantly altered, suggesting that overall mitochondrial function was increased. Upon glucose starvation, MCF7 cells treated with TNF‐α demonstrated significantly lower viability than nontreated cells. Interestingly, these properties can be partially reversed by coincubation with the anti‐inflammatory agent curcumin in a dose‐dependent manner. This work demonstrates that aerobic glycolysis can be directly induced by an inflammatory microenvironment independent of additional genetic mutations and signals from adjacent cells. Furthermore, we have identified that a natural dietary compound can reverse this effect.
Frequent detection of human cytomegalovirus in neuroblastoma: A novel therapeutic target?
Authors: Wolmer‐Solberg Nina , Baryawno Ninib , Rahbar Afsar , Fuchs Dieter , Odeberg Jenny , Taher Chato , Wilhelmi Vanessa , Milosevic Jelena , Mohammad Abdul‐Aleem , Martinsson Tommy , Sveinbjörnsson Baldur , Johnsen John Inge , Kogner Per , Söderberg‐Nauclér Cecilia
Published: May 2013

Neuroblastoma is the most common and deadly tumor of childhood, where new therapy options for patients with high‐risk disease are highly warranted. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is prevalent in the human population and has recently been implicated in different cancer forms where it may provide mechanisms for oncogenic transformation, oncomodulation and tumor cell immune evasion. Here we show that the majority of primary neuroblastomas and neuroblastoma cell lines are infected with HCMV. Our analysis show that HCMV immediate‐early protein was expressed in 100% of 36 primary neuroblastoma samples, and HCMV late protein was expressed in 92%. However, no infectious virus was detected in primary neuroblastoma tissue extracts. Remarkably, all six human neuroblastoma cell lines investigated contained CMV DNA and expressed HCMV proteins. HCMV proteins were expressed in neuroblastoma cells expressing the proposed stem cell markers CD133 and CD44. When engrafted into NMRI nu/nu mice, human neuroblastoma cells expressed HCMV DNA, RNA and proteins but did not produce infectious virus. The HCMV‐specific antiviral drug valganciclovir significantly reduced viral protein expression and cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that HCMV is important for the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and that anti‐viral therapy may be a novel adjuvant treatment option for children with neuroblastoma.
Endothelial plasticity governs the site‐specific leukocyte recruitment in hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Salnikova Olga , Breuhahn Kai , Hartmann Natalie , Schmidt Jan , Ryschich Eduard
Published: May 2013

The correct programming of the endothelial cell phenotype is crucial for efficient leukocyte recruitment to tumor tissue. It has been previously described that T cells infiltrated hepatocellular cancer (HCC) tissue mainly in peritumoral, stromal and tumor border areas. In the current study, phenotype features of tumor endothelial cells and their potential impact on leukocyte recruitment were analyzed in murine tissue of HCC. In the murine model, proinflammatory stimulation with IL‐1β induced leukocyte recruitment in the blood vessels of peripheral tumor areas and in nonmalignant liver tissue, but not in deeper tumor blood vessels. Furthermore, peripheral tumor endothelium, but not deeper tumor blood vessels exhibited a “normalized” hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell (HSEC)‐like phenotype with regard to the expression of adhesion molecules and liver sinusoidal endothelial markers. When tumor endothelial cells were isolated and incubated in vitro, their phenotype rapidly changed and became almost identical to normal hepatic endothelial cells. Interestingly, cytokine production in HCC was strongly dysregulated as compared to normal liver, with IL‐1RN exhibiting the most prominent elevation. Experiments with isolated hepatic endothelial cells showed that IL‐1RN effectively antagonized the activating action of IL‐1β on the expression of adhesion molecules and T cell attachment. These novel insights indicate that tumor endothelium of HCC represents a plastic system that is susceptible to microenvironmental changes. The peritumoral and tumor border areas have distinct endothelial cell phenotype, which promotes leukocyte recruitment to HCC tissue.
Evaluation of the capacity of mosaic‐like porous ceramics with designed pores to support osteoconduction
Authors: Teraoka Kay , Kato Tomotaka , Hattori Koji , Ohgushi Hajime
Published: May 2013

Under osteoconductive conditions, porous calcium phosphate ceramics are known to induce new bone formation within their pores. A critical aspect of the design of porous ceramics is the geometrical features of their pores, with regard to promoting bone formation and mass transfer management in pore networks. However, the pore geometries of common porous ceramics lack clear details. Further, the connections between pores are hard to characterize and thus have not been thoroughly researched. To address these issues, we have developed an original method for fabricating porous ceramics, which we have termed “mosaic‐like ceramics fabrication (MLCF).” Using MLCF, pore geometries can be designed and fabricated by each unit, and a network covering all the pores can be fabricated. Furthermore, MLCF can be used to build porous ceramics with custom‐made shapes. In this study, we assessed the osteogenic influences of MLCF products (MLPC) composed of hydroxyapatite units on the differentiation of rat bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Two types of commercial porous artificial bone were used as positive controls. MLPC was superior in osteogenic potential, and proved to be a reliable scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, this study succeeded in defining the important geometries for osteoconduction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 3571–3579, 2013.
Design and development of reactive injectable and settable polymeric biomaterials
Authors: Page Jonathan M. , Harmata Andrew J. , Guelcher Scott A.
Published: May 2013

Injectable and settable biomaterials are a growing class of therapeutic technologies within the field of regenerative medicine. These materials offer advantages compared to prefabricated implants because of their ability to be utilized as part of noninvasive surgical procedures, fill complex defect shapes, cure in situ, and incorporate cells and other active biologics. However, there are significant technical barriers to clinical translation of injectable and settable biomaterials, such as achieving clinically relevant handling properties and benign reaction conditions. This review focuses on the engineering challenges associated with the design and development of injectable and chemically settable polymeric biomaterials. Additionally, specific examples of the diverse chemistries utilized to overcome these challenges are covered. The future translation of injectable and settable biomaterials is anticipated to improve patient outcomes for a number of clinical conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 3630–3645, 2013.
Accurate double many‐body expansion potential energy surface by extrapolation to the complete basis set limit and dynamics calculations for ground state of NH2
Authors: Li Yongqing , Yuan Jiuchuang , Chen Maodu , Ma Fengcai , Sun Mengtao
Published: May 2013

An accurate single‐sheeted double many‐body expansion potential energy surface is reported for the title system. A switching function formalism has been used to warrant the correct behavior at the
and
dissociation channels involving nitrogen in the ground
and first excited
states. The topographical features of the novel global potential energy surface are examined in detail, and found to be in good agreement with those calculated directly from the raw ab initio energies, as well as previous calculations available in the literature. The novel surface can be using to treat well the Renner–Teller degeneracy of the
and
states of
. Such a work can both be recommended for dynamics studies of the
reaction and as building blocks for constructing the double many‐body expansion potential energy surface of larger nitrogen/hydrogen‐containing systems. In turn, a test theoretical study of the reaction
has been carried out with the method of quantum wave packet on the new potential energy surface. Reaction probabilities, integral cross sections, and differential cross sections have been calculated. Threshold exists because of the energy barrier (68.5 meV) along the minimum energy path. On the curve of reaction probability for total angular momentum J = 0, there are two sharp peaks just above threshold. The value of integral cross section increases quickly from zero to maximum with the increase of collision energy, and then stays stable with small oscillations. The differential cross section result shows that the reaction is a typical forward and backward scatter in agreement with experimental measurement result. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myoglobin Detection: Utilizing Functional Magnetic Hybrid and Silica Micro Particles and Simple Molding Based Micro Channel Fabrication
Authors: Viswanathan Kaliyaperumal , Haung Shi‐Tin , Chang Chia‐Yu , Chan Ching‐Ju , Lee Y. C.
Published: May 2013

A magnetic separator attached in a zig zag flow channel assembly has been fabricated to detect myoglobin on the micro particles. An anti‐myoglobin conjugated magnetic hybrid and myoglobin conjugated silica micro particles were prepared and used for myoglobin detection on channel. For the detections, the competitive assay principle was followed based on affinity interaction of anti‐myoglobin‐myoglobin. The caliberation curve was plotted based on the deposit percentage of myoglobin conjugated silica micro particles. The calibration curve of the myoglobin showed the linear range between 1 × 10−8 ‐ 5 × 10−11 (M) (R2 = 0.9944). The minimum detectable concentration was 300 pg/mL. Hence all that concludes that, the application of zig zag flow channel with magnetic separator has offered new, simple and rapid approach for detecting myoglobin in whole blood samples with in 30 min.
Fingerprints of Phalaenopsis Tissues in Growth and Spike Induction Periods—A Solid‐state 13C NMR Approach
Authors: Tzou Der‐Lii M. , Ni Lin‐Kai , Chen Mei‐Man , Chiou Min‐Chuan , Chen Li‐Chou , Hsu Shan‐Te , Ku Kuo‐Lung , Cheng Chien‐Chung
Published: May 2013

Solid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ss‐NMR) 13C single‐pulse excitation spectroscopy in combination with the magic‐angle spinning (MAS) technique was applied to a series of Phalaenopsis tissues, including the leaf, sheath, stem, and root, at different growth and spiking periods. Compared with{1H}/13C cross‐polarization MAS spectra, the 13C single‐pulse excitation MAS spectra displayed very distinct spectral patterns, recognizable as fingerprints of the tissues studied. 1Here, we demonstrate that solid‐state 13C single‐pulse excitation NMR spectroscopy provides a direct and robust analytical tool for studying the various tissues of Phalaenopsis in different growth and spiking induction periods.
Assembly of Organosilver(I) Frameworks with Trifluoroacetate and Ethynylphenyl Ligands Bearing Isocyano Substitutents
Authors: Hau Sam C. K. , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: May 2013

A series of seven silver(I) trifluoroacetate complexes containing ethynylphenyl ligands bearing ethynyl and isocyano substituents at variable positions has been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. It is established that the isocyano carbon atom, which bears a formal negative charge, only functions in the monodentate coordination mode in a silver‐rich environment, in contrast to the terminal, negatively‐charged ethynide carbon atom, which is capable of binding several silver(I) centers in directing the construction of two‐ or three‐dimensional organosilver(I) networks, which are consolidated by argentophilic and weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular assembly. The equivalence of isocyano and cyano groups in their coordination capacity is demonstrated by establishment of isomorphism in two pairs of their respective crystalline complexes.
A comparison of three first principles methods for predicting solute–polymer affinity, and the simultaneous biodegradation of phenol and butyl acetate in a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor
Authors: Poleo Eduardo E. , Daugulis Andrew J.
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND

Solid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) use polymers as the sequestering phase to reduce the concentration of substrates to sub‐inhibitory levels and enhance biodegradation performance. Polymer selection for TPPBs is challenging due to the almost infinite variety of target substrates to be degraded, and the variability and complexity of polymer composition and structure.

RESULTS

Three different polymer selection criteria, based on either solubility parameters or activity coefficients, were assessed via experimental partitioning coefficients (PCs) for phenol and butyl acetate, two substantially different target contaminant molecules, and the relative ability of the three methods to predict effective polymers was assessed. The best method was also applied to predict which waste polymers would be effective for sequestering these molecules, and TPPB degradation tests were conducted to confirm the effectiveness of a single identified polymer and selected waste polymers.

CONCLUSION

An effective polymer selection criterion was identified and the identified polymer showed a high capacity to absorb both phenol and butyl acetate. Both substrates were successfully degraded in solid–liquid TPPBs using the selected polymer and using mixtures of waste polymers. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrochemical removal of dimethyl phthalate with diamond anodes
Authors: de Souza Fernanda , Sáez Cristina , Cañizares Pablo , de Motheo Artur , Rodrigo Manuel
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND

In this work, the electrolysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP, a widely‐use plasticizer) with conductive‐diamond anodes is studied.

RESULTS

Results show that this technology is capable of depleting this pollutant in a wide range of initial concentrations. Although mass transfer limits the kinetics of the process, there is a significant contribution of mediated oxidation and the rate of the processes improve with increasing current density, while the efficiency decreases. A first stage in the oxidation of DMP consists of the attack on the methyl ester groups, and monomethyl phthalate and phthalate are the main aromatic intermediates. Further oxidation of these species results in the formation of maleic and oxalic acid, which behave as intermediates and are completely mineralized during the electrolysis. The presence of chloride in water leads to the formation of many more aromatic chlorinated intermediates from the action of hypochlorite on aromatics intermediates. Intermediates found and oxidation mechanisms proposed are consistent with those reported in the literature for other advanced oxidation processes.

CONCLUSIONS

DMP, TOC (total organic carbon) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) can be successfully removed using electrolysis with conductive‐diamond anodes. DMP removal is faster than that of COD and TOC indicating the formation of reaction intermediates. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of fractal approach to investigate ionospheric conductivity in the auroral zone
Authors: Chernyshov A. A. , Mogilevsky M. M. , Kozelov B. V.
Published: May 2013

Fractal geometry is used to describe the spatial structure of the ionospheric conductivity. Topological values of fractal dimension and connectivity index, characterizing the structure of the Pedersen and Hall conductivities on the nightside of the auroral zone, are analytically obtained. Restrictions imposed on fractal structure of the ionospheric conductivity are analyzed in terms of the percolation of the ionospheric Pedersen and Hall currents. It is shown that the observed scaling for the fluctuations of electric field and for the auroral glow in the auroral region is well within the limitations imposed by the critical condition for percolation of Pedersen currents. The dimension of multiple arc structures corresponds well to fractal estimates of Hall conductivity. Correspondence of theoretical estimates and experimental results indicates validity of the fractal approach to describe processes in the auroral region.
Estimation of velocity change using repeating earthquakes with different locations and focal mechanisms
Authors: Kanu Chinaemerem O. , Snieder Roel , O'Connell Dan
Published: May 2013

Codas of repeating earthquakes carry information about the time‐lapse changes in the subsurface or reservoirs. Some of the changes within a reservoir change the seismic velocity, and thereby, the seismic signals that travel through the reservoir. We investigate, both theoretically and numerically, the impact of the perturbations in seismic source properties of used repeating earthquakes on time‐lapse velocity estimation. We derive a criterion for selecting seismic events that can be used in velocity analysis. This criterion depends on the dominant frequency of the signals, the centertime of the used time window in a signal, and the estimated relative velocity change. The criterion provides a consistent framework for monitoring changes in subsurface velocities using microseismic events and the ability to assess the accuracy of the velocity estimations.
Structural analysis of aerosol particles by microscopic observation using a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometer
Authors: Takami Akinori , Mayama Norihito , Sakamoto Tetsuo , Ohishi Kenji , Irei Satoshi , Yoshino Ayako , Hatakeyama Shiro , Murano Kentaro , Sadanaga Yasuhiro , Bandow Hiroshi , Misawa Kentaro , Fujii Masaaki
Published: May 2013

The chemical composition and structure of fine aerosol particles with diameters of less than 1 µm were analyzed in the spring of 2011 at Fukue Island, Japan, using an aerosol quadrupole mass spectrometer (Q‐AMS, Aerodyne Research, Inc.) and a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF‐SIMS). The Q‐AMS results were similar to those of previous studies conducted at the same location, suggesting that the composition we observed is typical of this site. Based on the TOF‐SIMS results, we classified the fine aerosol particles into three types: Type A, in which sulfate was covered with organic matter (OM); Type B, in which soil‐containing particles with a diameter of 0.5 µm were associated with sulfate and OM; and Type C, in which black carbon (BC) and sulfate aggregates were associated with OM. During the observation period, the relative abundances of Type A, B, and C particles were 55%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. The structure, chemical composition, and the proportion of each type of particles provide information for a more representative particle model in radiative models. The relative abundance of Type C, i.e., BC‐containing particles, is quite different to that in Tokyo, suggesting that Type C could be an indicator of transboundary air pollution, in this case from mainland China.
A quantitative analysis of histone methylation and acetylation isoforms from their deuteroacetylated derivatives: application to a series of knockout mutants
Authors: Fiedler Katherine L. , Bheda Poonam , Dai Junbiao , Boeke Jef D. , Wolberger Cynthia , Cotter Robert J.
Published: May 2013

The core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, undergo post‐translational modifications (PTMs) including lysine acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation, arginine methylation and serine phosphorylation. Lysine residues may be mono‐, di‐ and trimethylated, the latter resulting in an addition of mass to the protein that differs from acetylation by only 0.03639 Da, but that can be distinguished either on high‐performance mass spectrometers with sufficient mass accuracy and mass resolution or via retention times. Here we describe the use of chemical derivatization to quantify methylated and acetylated histone isoforms by forming deuteroacetylated histone derivatives prior to tryptic digestion and bottom‐up liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometric analysis. The deuteroacetylation of unmodified or mono‐methylated lysine residues produces a chemically identical set of tryptic peptides when comparing the unmodified and modified versions of a protein, making it possible to directly quantify lysine acetylation. In this work, the deuteroacetylation technique is used to examine a single histone H3 peptide with methyl and acetyl modifications at different lysine residues and to quantify the relative abundance of each modification in different deacetylase and methylase knockout yeast strains. This application demonstrates the use of the deuteroacetylation technique to characterize modification ‘cross‐talk’ by correlating different PTMs on the same histone tail. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying the method of Coherent Anti‐stokes Raman microscopy for imaging of carotenoids in microalgae and cyanobacteria
Authors: Dementjev Andrej , Kostkevičiene Jolanta
Published: May 2013

Coherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS) was applied to visualize carotenoids in microalgae and cyanobacteria. Nonlinear light–matter interaction utilized in CARS microscopy inevitably induces a number of competing nonlinear processes, such as multiphoton excitation fluorescence. Microalgae and cyanobacteria being an intrinsically well‐fluorescent object generates a strong two‐photon‐excitation fluorescence (TPEF) signal which should be effectively suppressed during the CARS experiment. Using an energetically balanced duel‐wavelength excitation scheme and spectral purification of detecting signal, the TPEF was completely blocked providing a possibility to probe microalgae and cyanobacteria in a fingerprint region of the CARS spectrum. Microspectroscopy experiments were carried out with three species ‐ cyanobacteriaNostoc Commune,Nostocsp. andChlorellasp. Distinct bands obtained in CARS spectra of such species were assigned to carotenoids and were taken as spectral markers in the imaging experiment. CARS imaging known as a chemical selective and label‐free technique allows non‐invasion monitoring of accumulation and movement of chemical compound at the subcellular level. Obtained high‐resolution images of carotenoid distribution in algae and cyanobacteria clearly demonstrate the potential of CARS microscopy for spatially resolved analysis of the natural products stored in the microalgae and cyanobacteria cell. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep‐related adductor Laryngeal dystonia causing sleep apnea
Authors: Marchese‐Ragona Rosario , Vianello Andrea , Restivo Domenico A. , Pittoni Giovanni , Lionello Marco , Martini Alessandro , Manfredini Daniele , Kotecha Bhik , Staffieri Alberto
Published: May 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic condition, characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, which affects up to 5% of adults in the Western population. The muscle tone of the human body ordinarily relaxes during sleep, thus causing airway obstruction and leading to sleep apnea. We report a case of a 68‐years old male in which dystonic closure of the larynx during sleep caused OSAS. The sleep endoscopy was crucial in establishing the diagnosis of laryngeal dystonia. A botulinum toxin injection in the vocal cord improved the OSAS. These findings define a novel sleep‐related breathing disorder.
Deep cervical lymph node hypertrophy: A new paradigm in the understanding of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Parikh Sanjay R. , Sadoughi Babak , Sin Sanghun , Willen Seth , Nandalike Kiran , Arens Raanan
Published: May 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine if adenotonsillar hypertrophy is an isolated factor in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or if it is part of larger spectrum of cervical lymphoid hypertrophy.

Study Design

Prospective case control study.

Methods

A total of 70 screened patients (mean age 7.47 years) underwent polysomnography to confirm OSA, and then underwent MRI of the upper airway. Seventy‐six matched controls (mean age 8.00 years) who already had an MRI underwent polysomnography. Volumetric analysis of lymphoid tissue volumes was carried out. Chi‐square analysis and Student's t test were used to compare demographic data and lymph node volumes between cohorts. Fisher's Exact test and Chi‐square analysis were used to compare sleep data.

Results

Patients and controls demonstrated no significant difference in mean age (7.47 vs. 8.00 yrs), weight (44.87 vs. 38.71 kg), height (124.68 vs. 127.65 cm), or body‐mass index (23.63 vs. 20.87 kg/m2). OSA patients demonstrated poorer sleep measures than controls (P < 0.05) in all polysomnography categories (sleep efficiency, apnea index, apnea‐hypopnea index, baseline SpO2, SpO2 nadir, baseline ETCO2, peak ETCO2, and arousal awakening index). Children with OSA had higher lymphoid tissue volumes than controls in the retropharyngeal region (3316 vs. 2403 mm3, P < 0.001), upper jugular region (22202 vs. 16819 mm3, P < 0.005), and adenotonsillar region (18994 vs. 12675 mm3, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Children with OSA have larger volumes of deep cervical lymph nodes and adenotonsillar tissue than controls. This finding suggests a new paradigm in the understanding of pediatric OSA, and has ramifications for future research and clinical care.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 123:2043–2049, 2013
The otolaryngology hospitalist
Authors: Russell Matthew S. , Eisele David , Murr Andrew
Published: May 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To define a new clinical hospitalist practice paradigm originating at the University of California, San Francisco.

Design

Retrospective administrative database review at a tertiary referral hospital.

Materials and Methods

A consortium model of an otolaryngologist hospitalist practice was developed. Billing records, including Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Disease‐9 (ICD‐9) codes, were reviewed to evaluate the number and type of consultations and surgeries generated during a 2‐year period.

Results

A total of 375 new inpatient consultations generated 951 patient encounters. The most common diagnoses were respiratory failure (12%), sinusitis (10.6%), stridor (10.6%), and dysphonia (7.6%). Twenty‐six percent of consultations involved a procedure or surgical intervention, the most common of which were endoscopic sinus surgery, laryngoscopy, and tracheotomy.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, ours is the first full‐time otolaryngology hospitalist model in the United States. The hospitalist practice is a conceptually viable and clinically beneficial paradigm that should be considered at other similar institutions.

Level of Evidence

N/A.