bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación para la ciudadanía y para la paz
Authors: Mejía Rodríguez Dania Liz
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar características e implicaciones de la educación para la ciudadanía y para la paz desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la resistencia y la pedagogía crítica. Esto, con el propósito de aportar a la comprensión de postulados que sustentan dichos procesos educativos, así como delimitar aspectos metodológicos que contribuyan en la configuración de acciones educativas pertinentes en torno a la paz y al ejercicio de la ciudadanía. El análisis realizado permite resaltar cómo la educación para la ciudadanía y para la paz pueden constituirse como oportunidades para contribuir a la reflexión crítica, la participación ciudadana y la acción democrática en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para ello, resulta relevante generar acciones deliberadas y procesos contextualizados en torno al pensamiento crítico, la autonomía, la solidaridad y el aprendizaje continuo para contribuir, desde los conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y entramados simbólicos a la transformación social.
La indagación colaborativa como estrategia para fortalecer la vinculación universidad-escuela
Authors: Goldrine Godoy Tatiana Cecilia , Madrid Miranda Romina , Diaz de la Fuente Tatiana
Published: April 2024

Se presenta una experiencia de vinculación universidad-escuela en una comunidad compuesta por maestras de educación infantil y profesoras universitarias que desarrollan un ciclo de indagación colaborativa orientado hacia la mejora de las prácticas docentes. Las sesiones fueron grabadas y analizadas cualitativamente y muestran cómo la comunidad transita por las fases de: 1) identificación de metas comunes; 2) indagación y acción; y 3) análisis y reflexión conjunta orientada hacia la mejora. Como oportunidades de esta estrategia emergen el desarrollo de un diálogo colegiado, relaciones de confianza profesional, reflexión sobre la práctica y valoración de las distintas experticias; y como desafíos, la asignación de tiempo y el asegurar el apoyo a mediano y largo plazo desde ambas instituciones. Para futuras iniciativas se sugiere acordar las condiciones de participación de los actores y el soporte institucional requerido, para que maestros y académicos puedan involucrarse activamente en el proceso indagatorio.
La profesión docente en Europa: una mirada desde Eurydice
Authors: Castillo Vega Jose María , Neubauer Adrián
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo tiene dos objetivos: el primero es identificar las principales temáticas respecto a la profesión docente abordadas por Eurydice; y el segundo, analizar la configuración de la profesión docente en Europa. Para alcanzar dichos objetivos se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de los informes publicados por Eurydice desde 2001 hasta el año 2019. De los 16 documentos iniciales se analizaron cuatro tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión correspondientes. Dicho proceso fue desarrollado mediante el software de análisis cualitativo Atlas.ti 22.0 a partir de un libro de códigos conformado por seis familias en torno a la profesión docente. Como resultado, las principales temáticas abordadas en dichos informes son la formación permanente, el desarrollo profesional, la evaluación y las condiciones laborales del profesorado, aunque se observa una escasa referencia a la atracción y la retención de docentes. Desde un enfoque sistémico, así se configura la profesión docente.
Estudiantes transnacionales en la región Tijuana-San Diego
Authors: Osuna García José Candelario , Ramírez Jocelyne Rabelo
Published: April 2024

Al interior de las escuelas de la región binacional Tijuana-San Diego se identifica una nueva y creciente minoría de estudiantes que reclama su derecho de aprender por medio de una educación equitativa, inclusiva y de calidad. Son los estudiantes trasnacionales, aquellos menores de edad que, sin considerar su origen o nacionalidad, tienen una trayectoria escolar comprobada en dos o más sistemas educativos federales. El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en diagnosticar y comparar, por medio del análisis de datos estadísticos, la autopercepción de esta categoría de alumnos que asisten a escuelas de enseñanza secundaria en Tijuana, Baja California y San Diego, California, sobre algunos acontecimientos relacionados con la experiencia de inclusión a un nuevo sistema educativo. Con base en ello, se emiten algunas recomendaciones para transitar gradualmente hacia una política de educación transfronteriza que facilite la transferencia y la incorporación de las niñas, niños y adolescentes transnacionales.
Evaluación del egreso de nivel licenciatura en la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Authors: Jiménez Moreno José Alfonso , Caso Niebla Joaquín , Romero Mojica Andrea
Published: April 2024

El artículo aborda la experiencia de desarrollo de un mecanismo para la evaluación del egreso de nivel licenciatura de nueve programas educativos de baja matrícula de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California: Artes plásticas, Bioingeniería, Docencia de la matemática, Docencia de la lengua y la literatura, Ingeniería en energías renovables, Enseñanza de lenguas, Oceanología, Sociología y Traducción. Para su desarrollo se consideró una metodología de evaluación comprensiva, capaz de resaltar la participación de las comunidades académicas y de reflejar la perspectiva institucional de cada disciplina para obtener un ejercicio de evaluación del egreso, inédito para las licenciaturas en cuestión. Se concluye la necesidad de velar por el uso formativo de los resultados y considerar este ejercicio como un insumo de mejora curricular.
IOT Based Smart Plant Monitoring System
Authors: Joshi Ayushman , T Sonika , M Tharani , Singh Jasraj , P Prof. Deepa
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The IoT-based Smart Plant Monitoring System represents a transformative approach to modern agriculture by leveraging the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance the monitoring and management of plants in agricultural settings. This system integrates advanced sensor technologies, wireless communication, and data analytics to provide real-time insights into the health and environmental conditions of plants, thereby optimizing resource utilization and improving overall crop yield. The key components of the proposed system include a network of sensors strategically placed within the agricultural field to capture vital data related to soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light intensity, and nutrient levels. These sensors are connected through IoT-enabled devices, forming a cohesive network that continuously collects and transmits data to a centralized cloud-based platform. The cloud platform acts as a repository for the acquired data, where advanced analytics algorithms process the information in real-time
ShopAssistAI
Authors: Gharat Mr. Dhiraj
Published: April 2024

Abstract: E-commerce sites are constantly searching for fresh and inventive approaches to boost customer satisfaction and engagement. Including chatbots with the ability to haggle with clients at no cost is a viable strategy. A detailed review of earlier research on chatbots used in e-commerce pricing negotiations is given in this study. We look at a variety of aspects, including the look, feel, effectiveness, and user experience of these chatbots. We also discuss the underlying technologies machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) that were utilized in the creation of these systems. We also highlight areas of possible interest and challenge for future research and development in this developing field. Our synthesis aims to provide practical advice for scholars, business experts, and organizations wishing to enhance the e-commerce experience through the usage of price negotiation chatbots.
Electrical Ground Fault Monitoring System Utilizing Arduino and Android Application
Authors: Tibe Engr. Dennis S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The increasing residential fire incidence caused by electrical ground faults worldwide challenges present and future researchers to develop a system capable of mitigating its occurrence. The absence of periodic equipment maintenance and monitoring facilities leads to potential electrical hazards to humans and properties. However, technological advances have made online electrical ground fault monitoring equipment possible. Users can now remotely gain information regarding the operational condition of electrical equipment in their homes. This paper presents the developed Electrical Ground Fault Monitoring System using Arduino with Android Application (EGFMSAAA), which can detect and transmit electrical ground fault parameters and safety precautions. This study developed a ground fault detector and a mobile application for the monitoring system.
Deep Fake Detecting System
Authors: Pote Asst. Prof. Rajashri
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Over the past few decades, there have been rapid breakthroughs in AI, machine learning, and deep learning, which have led to the development of new tools and methodologies for manipulating multimedia. Technology has generally been employed for beneficial purposes, such as education and entertainment, but dishonest users have also exploited it for darker or illicit purposes. For example, incredibly realistic-looking, well-produced fake movies, images, or audio have been made to spread false information, incite political unrest and hatred, or even to harass and blackmail people. The extremely replicated, realistic, and edited videos have been dubbed as "Deepfake" in recent times. Since then, several approaches to resolving the problems raised by Deepfake have been described in length in the literature. We conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) in this work to give a current synopsis of the Deepfake detection research projects. We provide an overview of 112 pertinent publications from 2018 to 2020 that showcased various methodologies. For analysis, we divide them into four categories: deep learning-based approaches, traditional machine learning-based approaches, statistical-based approaches, and blockchain-based approaches. We also evaluate the pattern recognition performance of several algorithms on various datasets, and we find that deep learningbased approaches outperform other approaches in Deepfake detection
Enhancement of X-Ray Images by Gradient Domain Guided Filtering and Non Sub Sampled Shearlet Transform
Authors: Babu G. Rajesh , Durga J. Jaya , Khadar Sk. Abdul , Hemani Ch. , Babu N.V.V. Seshu
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In order to address the issues of low resolution, noise amplification, missing details, and weak edge gradient retention in the X-ray image improvement process, we propose in this study an image enhancement technique that combines nonSubsampled Shearlet transform with gradient-domain guided filtering. We start by breaking down the non Subsampled Shearlet transform and histogram equalization into the original image. We receive multiple high-frequency sub-bands as well as a lowfrequency sub-band. To enhance the overall contrast of the image and bring out the contour information in the low-frequency sub-band, adaptive gamma correction with weighting distribution is applied. To reduce image noise and emphasize edge information and detail, gradient-domain guided filtering is applied to the high-frequency sub-bands. In order to generate the final enhanced image, we use the inverse non-Subsampled Shearlet transform to reconstruct all of the sub-bands that were successfully processed. The experimental findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm in improving X-ray images, as well as the clear advantages its objective index provides over certain conventional algorithms.
Vision-Based Asphalt Pavement Defect Detection Using Deep CNN with BIM Integration
Authors: Kumar P. Dimpul
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The major objective of the research is to predict the defects on the asphalt pavement which is the main concern for the smooth movement of vehicles by using deep CNN. CNN consists of different operations that is image classification, object detection, and image segmentation. We use detectron2 for labelling the defective part to detect the defect accurately. The data set which consists of images of defects of pavement is collected and used for training the algorithm and some of the collected images are used for the testing. The suggested approach makes use of deep learning to automatically detect and categorize a range of asphalt pavement defects, such as surface distress, potholes, and cracks. The training, validation, and testing of the model are conducted on an extensive dataset of annotated pavement photographs. The trained model shows resilience and the ability to generalize, which qualifies it for practical uses in infrastructure management and pavement upkeep. This study advances automated pavement inspection systems, which provide a practical and economical means of determining which maintenance tasks should be prioritized to maintain safer and smoother roads and this approach predicted the defects with an accuracy of 98%.
An Algorithm for Computing the n^th Root of Real Numbers using a General Method
Authors: Altayib Asmaa A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Based on an old article about extracting the ࢔ ࢎ࢚ of real numbers using a general method, we introduce an algorithm for computing such roots, using a different approach, through introducing an operator which we define as the inverse binomial operator .We illustrate the procedure by computing ࢔ ࢎ࢚ roots of some ,randomly, selected real numbers. To show the beauty of using such a new procedure, we compare our calculations with the calculations obtained, for the a certain example, via well-known iteration methods such as the bisection and Newton-Raphson methods; moreover a comparison is made for same purpose using continued fractions method. Finally, a conclusion is given to clarify the advantages of the inverse binomial operator.
Crypto Watermarking in Multimedia Transmission
Authors: Joy Jomin C
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Multimedia information is critical of examining, information perceived, and which are illustrated by the human cerebrum. A Crypto-watermarking approach reserves more popularity in certain important fields like medical, military, and law enforcement. This paper discusses detailed the importance of crypto-watermarking techniques and strategies used to improve information security. The main objectives of developing this crypto-watermarking application are that it can provide the user with the security of data. Also, these techniques aim to protect the Multimedia Contents aim to restrict the avoid unauthorized copies of digital documents. Payload and minimize the bit error rate are the parameters that are in line with these techniques.
Revenue Forecasting Using Google Analytics Data
Authors: Rashmika Annela
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Most companies receive the majority of their revenue from a small number of users. As a result, it's necessary to comprehend who these clients are and how to reach them. Google Merchandise Store (GStore) offers customer records that include details about previous transactions. This information can be used to generate predictive models that forecast each customer's future sales. This information can be used to better target marketing campaigns and allocate your marketing budget. For example, you can direct your marketing efforts on the 20% of clients who are most likely to create income. Predicting each customer's future sales is a regression problem because you are trying to forecast a continuous value (sales) based on the customer's other attributes. Regression problems are often addressed by machine learning models. These models are trained using a historical data set containing both the input attributes and the output values (revenue). Once trained, the model can forecast revenue for new clients even in the absence of past data.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Alternative Investment Vehicles in Modern Portfolio
Authors: George Nikhil Varghese
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The evolving global economic landscape has prompted investors to diversify their portfolios beyond traditional stocks and bonds, leading to the increasing prominence of alternative investments. This study examines the role and effectiveness of alternative investment options, such as private equity, hedge funds, real estate, and commodities, in modern investment portfolios. These non-traditional assets offer unique opportunities for risk management, diversification, and potential growth, making them appealing choices for investors seeking to enhance their portfolio's performance and stability. The research highlights the key factors driving the growing appeal of alternative investments, including their ability to provide diversification benefits by spreading risk across a range of assets with low correlation to traditional market indices. Additionally, these investments present opportunities for increased returns, particularly in low-interest rate environments, and enable investors to access emerging markets and industries, broadening their investment horizons
House Rent Prediction
Authors: Gupta Yogita
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Forecasting rental trends is crucial for many individuals as rental rates in the real estate market tend to escalate annually. Some people want a house with low rent and a usable area, so our article furnishes valuable insights into rental expenses, catering to individuals seeking prospective tenants. Hence, considering our demographic profile, it's essential to employ a systematic approach for predicting future residential rental prices. Buyers who rent accommodation according to their specific needs will know the perfect duration for renting. Many factors, such as seller type, bedroom count, layout type, property type, locality, price, area, furnish type, and bathroom count, influence rent. This study explores and applies multiple regression models Including linear regression, Random Forest regression, and gradient boosting regression, and XG boosted regression algorithm in Machine learning is utilized for prediction of the rental rate of a residence
Car Rental Service
Authors: Sayyad Mr. Onkar Pawar , Sayyed Mr. Sahil , Gurave Mr. Rohan , Karade Mr. Nilesh , B Prof. Atnurkar A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Customers will be able to reserve their vehicles from anywhere in the world due to the Car Rental Service. Consumers provide information to this application by filling in their personal information. When a consumer creates an account on the Andriod application, he or she can reserve a car. The proposed Service is an online Service that is fully integrated. It effectively and efficiently automates manual procedures. Customers are aided by this automated method, which allows them to fill in the specifics according to their needs. It contains information on the sort of car they want to hire as well as the location. The goal of this Service is to create a Andriod application where customers can book their automobiles and request services from anywhere in the world. There are three phases to this car rental Service mentioned in the introduction.
An Application for Prediction of World Countries GDP
Authors: Bhanu Dr. J. Sasi
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an important metric for assessing the economic well-being of a nation. In this research paper, we will employ and compare multiple machine learning algorithms to predict the GDP across multiple countries and areas, including Linear Regression, SVM, Gradient boosting, and Random Forest. Ultimately created an API where users can enter the current values of parameters on which GDP depends, to get a more accurate prediction
Weapon Detection Using FRCNN
Authors: Prathyusha Mrs. V. , Sruthi Dr. P. , Ambica CH. Sai , Akanksha G. , Sai B. Indira
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Due to the increase in crime in remote and congested places, security is a top priority in all fields. Computer vision is having numerous uses for abnormal objects recognition and monitoring to deal with an array of scenarios. It's necessary for video surveillance systems to be employed as a way to fulfil the growing need and the protection of individual's financial assets, safety, and security, and to enhance having the capacity to detect and assess unusual events, is necessary for intelligence monitoring.This enables the utilization of FRCNN machine learning that autonomously identify weapons. Two different types of datasets will be utilized in the provided implementation. A pair of datasets can be downloaded, one with labelled photos and the second with a combination of manually labelled photos. In almost all of the aforementioned scenarios, algorithms gather precise data; nevertheless, how well speed and precision coincide could impact how algorithms are used in real-life instances
Design Wallace Tree Multiplier Using Reversible Gates
Authors: Kishore Mr. G. Shyam , Prakash S. Jaya , Sachin B. , Puneeth D.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Multipliers are essential components in digital circuit design. They have wide spread applications in digital signal processing and communication systems. Circuit designers in VLSI design seek compact, small scale circuits with low power consumption and minimal delay. The Wallace tree multiplier is an advanced version of tree based multipliers. Numerous algorithms have been developed to create the fastest multipliers, and the Wallace tree multiplier is one such example. It utilizes reversible compressors, full adders, and half adders. The results demonstrate that the Wallace tree multiplier using reversible gates outperforms traditional multipliers in terms of power dissipation and delay, with values of 0.027W and 29.327nS re­spectively.
Controlling 3D Models in VR using Hand Gestures
Authors: Joshi Dr. S M
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The fusion of hand gesture detection technology with virtual reality (VR) environments enables users to interact organically with three-dimensional models. Utilizing VR headsets equipped with advanced hand tracking algorithms, individuals can engage with virtual objects through intuitive gestures, enriching their immersive experiences. Software development entails carrying out sophisticated gesture recognition algorithms and the assignment of specific actions to these gestures, such as grasping, rotating, and resizing 3D models. These interactions mirror real-world manipulations, empowering users to seamlessly explore and modify digital content. Furthermore, gestural menu systems streamline user interactions by offering convenient access to additional features. Rigorous testing and optimization processes ensure precision, responsiveness, and optimal performance, enhancing the overall user satisfaction.
Human Cognition in AI: Overview on rise of Artificial General Intelligence
Authors: Pandey Aditya
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Artificial General Intelligence introduces the transformation in the standpoint of Artificial Intelligence , essential to develop new intelligent machines and systems that simulate the cognitive skills in par with the human intelligence. This paper explores the core concepts of AGI or also called the human-level AI. By leveraging the power of human cognition and intelligence , the AGI can perform various cognitive tasks efficiently. It can also outperform the human intelligence across broad range of domains rather than being constricted to the limitations of narrow AI. Unlike the narrow AI’s that focuses on resolving the particular problems related to a specific domain and involving certain complex computations , an AGI integrated system aims for a holistic understanding of the intelligence and can resolve inter-domain issues simulating the human cognitive ability. Such systems would not only cater to provide solutions to predefined or existing problems but can intuitively step ahead and attempt to eradicate the future problems. The scope for the ability of an AGI powered system to be able to provide resolves for the future problems with advance reasoning and problem-solving skills can make it an indispensable partner in fields of scientific research, innovation , education and the list goes on. This paper accumulates the all-inclusive examination of current state of AGI and its potential scope in the near future
E-Commerce Platform for Farmers
Authors: Gangane Anurag , Kavitkar Jayesh , Uparikar Akshay , Kale Himani
Published: April 2024

Abstract: A husbandry sector is backbone of country’s frugality. Utmost of the population of our country is directly involved in this sector. Farmers works hard but when it comes vend their crop products, they face issue due to intermediatory persons, dealers and some big selling companies. Similar people get benefit from planter’s products. Similar companies and dealers purchase products from growers at low cost in mandi or request, shot and vend it to end stoner or significances in huge requests at veritably high cost. To get relieve of interposers, E-commerce system we've introduced. Through this system growers can have direct communication or can vend their crop products at their own price. E-commerce is easily beginning to have a major impact in the agrarian sector. The way people go about copping Agrarian products is of great concern. Utmost of the time guests have to travel far distances to get agrarian products and getting the right quality isn't assured. The website will guide the growers to pierce new husbandry ways, compare current request rate of different products, the total trade and the earned profit for the vended products. The website builds a platform for growers to insure lesser profitability through end stoner communication. The website will serve as an exclusive and protected platform for conducting agricultural marketing. The relinquishment of ecommerce platforms in the agrarian sector has the implicit to profit smallholder growers by furnishing them with access to new requests, developing their logrolling power, and adding their income.
QR Based Food Ordering System including Sentimental Analysis
Authors: Latha B. Sushma , Manish G. , Sami Shaik , Nurja Syed
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Ordering food directly has never been easier for the customers. This all-in-one QR Menu solution is for simplifying the food ordering process for customers and streamlining operations for businesses in the food service industry. The system offers the capability to upgrade for online food delivery through various digital channels, including websites and social media platforms, with a backend CRM facilitating the management of special customer requests. The primary target is quick-service restaurants, kiosks, takeout establishments, and food delivery services and the platform eliminates the need for customers to download additional mobile applications. By easily integrating with any POS system and supporting credit card payments, it provides a proper solution for online ordering and payment processing. Also, this platform combines sentiment analysis to understand customer preferences and easily make personalized menu suggestions and ranking of food items. This feature helps in enhancing the overall customer experience by offering specific recommendations based on individual tastes and preferences. Also, the system has user-friendly management tools for QR code generation and customization, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of QR code readers and scanning devices. The in-built QR code generator provides unique QR codes. As a cloudbased solution, it offers scalability and easy management of online menus, and allows businesses to list their offerings on various marketplaces. This system has unique capabilities in providing a seamless and integrated solution for online food ordering, payment processing, and customer engagement in the food service industry.
The captivity of Land and Labor: Neoextractivist policy and planning in São Luís, Maranhão
Authors: Burnett Frederico Lago
Published: April 2024

After decades of repeated socio-environmental conflicts in the port region of São Luís, Maranhão, triggered by the appropriation of land from traditional communities, the State and capital have used planning for changes in land use and occupation, legitimizing the land expansion and unifying different business interests. Understanding the process as the result of neoextractivist strategies of the local economic enclave, this article analyzes the relations between port and municipal planning which, based on the developmentalist discourse, have incorporated the demands of real estate capital in a new movement of “accumulation by spoliation” for the submission of Land and Labor to the captivity of capitalist reproduction.
Produção Constitutiva em Carneiro Leão
Authors: Chaguri Jonathas de Paula
Published: April 2024

Antonio Arruda Carneiro Leão (1887-1966) foi professor e educador brasileiro. Dentre suas diversas atividades exercidas na educação, este texto destaca sua atuação como professor-chefe de francês no Colégio Pedro II e o responsável por implantar, na reforma das línguas estrangeiras, o método direto para o ensino de línguas durante a reforma Francisco Campos realizado a cargo do Governo Federal no Brasil. Este texto objetiva apresentar como se constituiu o processo da reforma das línguas estrangeiras de forma singular por meio de suas ações pedagógicas como professor-chefe de francês. A metodologia utilizada é de natureza bibliográfica e documental, de forma qualitativa. Concluímos que Carneiro Leão identifica o método direto como uma solução para modernização do ensino de línguas estrangeiras na década de 1930. Por conseguinte, devido as suas ações empreendidas na reforma, atualmente, as línguas estrangeiras assumiram a condição de garantir o conjunto de conhecimentos essenciais ao estudante para aproximação de outras culturas e de sua integração com o mundo globalizado.
Despovoamento e resistência originária
Authors: Monteiro Alcioni da Silva , Mascarenhas Suely Aparecida do Nascimento
Published: April 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como o originário relaciona as conexões ideológicas existentes com a sociedade não originária e a educação escolar originária, abordando as lutas e conquistas dos povos originários por meio dos movimentos de resistência e da revitalização dos modos próprios e identidade do ser Pupỹkary. Por meio dos enredos, apresentar-se-á o depoimento de uma liderança Pupỹkary, no qual aborda o que é ser originário frente as reflexões históricas e as contextualizações do sistema da educação escolar do Sul do Amazonas. Os efeitos da violência sofrida trazem como consequências o silenciamento da própria identidade e alienação sobre sua própria história. Dessa forma, para as abordagens, o estudo apresenta dados da entrevista com um representante e liderança Pupỹkary que mora na zona urbana (Lábrea-AM), em consonância com a cosmovisão acerca da identidade, educação e cultura.
Impacts of hydrologic and geomorphic alteration to the availability of shallow, low-velocity habitats in an intensively managed arid-land river
Authors: Mortensen Jacob G. , Julien Pierre. Y. , Corsi Brianna , Radobenko Chelsey , Anderson Tristen
Published: April 2024

This study seeks better understanding of linkages between channel
morphology, streamflow, and aquatic habitat for the effective
rehabilitation of imperiled species in rivers subjected to intensive
water resource management. We focused on the variability of shallow,
low-velocity (SLV) habitats over 50 years for a 56 km reach of the Rio
Grande of central New Mexico (Middle Rio Grande). Hydraulic models used
topographic data obtained through long-term systematic monitoring
between 1962 and 2012 to derive relationships between discharge and SLV
habitat availability. We developed a temporally integrated habitat
metric (TIHM) to facilitate quantitative comparisons of SLV habitat
availability over seasonal hydrologic periods (base flow, spring runoff,
and summer low flow) for selected years representative of contemporary
discharge variations. Results showed that SLV habitat availability, as
captured by TIHM values, decreased on average by 83% over the study
period (1962–2012), corresponding to completion of Cochiti Dam (1973),
which profoundly altered flow and sediment regimes. Resulting channel
incision and floodplain disconnection, caused shifts in
discharge-habitat relationships whereby considerably higher discharges
are required to produce equivalent increases in SLV habitat availability
relative to pre-dam conditions. Ecological implications of losses to SLV
habitat availability include recovery of the federally endangered Rio
Grande Silvery Minnow Hybognathus amarus.
Generation and applications of a broad atomic oxygen beam with a high flux-density via collision-induced dissociation of O2
Authors: Han Zhiqiang , Song Liying , Shum Po-Wan , Lau Woon-Ming
Published: April 2024

We detail the generation of a pulsed atomic oxygen (AO) broad beam with
a high flux-density via collision-induced dissociation of
O to support practical industrial exploitation of AOs,
particularly for facilitating 2-dimenstional oxidation/etching at a fast
rate of one-monolayer per second in an area ≥1000cm.
This innovation fuses the following interdisciplinary concepts: (a) a
high density of O can be produced in an
electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) O plasma; (b)
O can be extracted and accelerated with an
aperture-electrode in the plasma; (c) O with adequate
kinetic energy can initiate a cascade of gas-phase collisions in the
presence of O; (d) collision-induced dissociation of
O yields AOs with adequate kinetic energy which can
cause additional collision-induced dissociation of O.
Computational simulations of such collisions, with both ab initio
molecular dynamics and direct simulation Monte Carlo methods, are used
to guide the experimental generation of the proposed AO-beam. We
experimentally demonstrate the highest known AO mean flux-density of
about 1.5×10 atoms cm
s in a broad-beam, and use it to oxidatively modify
a self-assembled molecular layer of siloxane on a silicon wafer. In
addition, we also demonstrate the growth of
AlO through an AO-assisted atomic
layer deposition process at a room temperature.
A Proof-of-Concept Study for Assessing the School District Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SDSPET)
Authors: Richards Zeke , Wirthlin Douglas , Crandall Cody , Mortensen Shad P. , Richards Jackson R. , Bakian Amanda V.
Published: April 2024

Background: As adolescent suicide rates have increased, there
has been a nationwide focus on legislation requiring school districts to
create suicide prevention policies. There is a lack of tools to make a
quantitative assessment of the quality and breadth of school-district
suicide prevention policies. Thus, we developed a proof-of-concept
instrument, the School District Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SDSPET).
Methods: The SDSPET is derived from the “Model School District
Policy on Suicide Prevention,” a document compiled by four nationally
recognized suicide organizations. As a preliminary validation of the
SDSPET, four independent raters used the SDSPET in a systematic analysis
of suicide prevention policies for all school districts in Utah.
Results: Inter-rater reliability was calculated to be 98.8%
with intraclass correlation analysis. Analysis revealed a right-skewed
distribution of policy scores, and a median total score was 2.25 out of
36 possible criteria. Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study
demonstrates the utility of the SDSPET in quantifying the shortcomings
of school-district policies on suicide while generating specific
recommendations for improvement. With further validity testing, we
expect this tool to be beneficial to school district administrators,
education policymakers, and those studying suicide interventions and
outcomes in school-aged children and adolescents.
Rethinking the external globus pallidus and information flow in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits
Authors: Giossi Cristina , Rubin Jonathan , Gittis Aryn , Verstynen Timothy , Vich Catalina
Published: April 2024

For decades the external globus pallidus (GPe) has been viewed as a
passive way-station in the indirect pathway of the cortico-basal
ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) circuit, sandwiched between striatal inputs and
basal ganglia outputs. According to this model, one-way descending
striatal signals in the indirect pathway amplify the suppression of
downstream thalamic nuclei by inhibiting GPe activity. Here we revisit
this assumption, in light of new and emerging work on the cellular
complexity, connectivity, and functional role of the GPe in behavior. We
show how, according to this new circuit-level logic, the GPe is ideally
positioned for relaying ascending and descending control signals within
the basal ganglia. Focusing on the problem of inhibitory control, we
illustrate how this bidirectional flow of information allows for the
integration of reactive and proactive control mechanisms during action
selection. Taken together, this new evidence points to the GPe as being
a central hub in the CBGT circuit, participating in bidirectional
information flow and linking multifaceted control signals to regulate
behavior.
Transmission Dynamics and Spatiotemporal Evolution of H1N1pdm09 in Anhui Province, China, 2009--2023
Authors: Pan Hai-Feng , Yang Si-Tian , Li Xiao-Xiao , Luo Wan-Rong , Hu Min-Hao , Zhou Xue , YU Junling , Fang Wei-Xi , HE Jun
Published: April 2024

Background: No studies have deeply examined the transmission
patterns of H1N1pdm09 in Anhui Province, China. Methods: We
conducted a genome-wide analysis of 162 historical epidemic strains in
Anhui Province, China to understand the transmission patterns, incoming
and outgoing events, and evolutionary dynamics of the strains.
Results: Our study showed that the number of recent infections
was higher in 2018-2023 compared to previous years. Compared to the
global strain sequences, the clade production times were all delayed in
Anhui Province, China, suggesting that Anhui is an introduced region in
the global transmission chain. The NA fragments had higher dN/dS values
than the HA fragments. The circulation pattern of the strain in Anhui
Province, China was mainly from central to northern, followed by
northern to central and central to southern. Central Anhui was the
transmission center of H1N1pdm09 in Anhui Province, China. Calculation
of transmission events for the whole country showed that the main source
of the epidemic strain in Anhui Province was East China, but the
national epidemic of the H1N1pdm09 strain in 2023 appeared to originate
from Anhui Province, China. Conclusion: The above results
emphasize the focus of influenza prevention and control in Anhui
Province, China, as well as the importance of sharing information about
epidemics between different provinces.
History and dynamics of the most extensive hybrid zone on the Great Plains of North America
Authors: Andreev Victor , Puzey Joshua , Davies Elizabeth , Olson-Manning Carrie , Kreutzmann Sydney , Fishbein Mark
Published: April 2024

Hybridization affects the spatial and temporal patterns of morphological
and genetic variation, shaping species evolution. Asclepias speciosa and
A. syriaca provide an excellent system for uncovering how these patterns
are generated. The ranges of A. speciosa and A. syriaca overlap on the
North American Great Plains, and multiple intermediates are observed in
this contact zone, consistent with hybridization. However, other
processes, such as preservation of ancestral polymorphism or selective
pressure imposed by environmental clines, could explain the presence of
morphological intermediates. In this study, we characterized patterns of
variation within and between A. speciosa and A. syriaca using
morphological and genetic data to validate the hybrid origin of
intermediates, evaluate the impact of hybridization on the parental
species, and reconstruct the demographic history of hybridization
events. We demonstrate that hybridization best explains the occurrence
of large numbers of morphologically intermediate individuals in the
contact zone and document bidirectional and asymmetric genetic
introgression. We discover that the timing of secondary contact is
relatively recent, coinciding with rapid range shifts during the
Pleistocene. Our findings provide new insights into the dynamics of
hybridization on the North American Great Plains, the setting for
numerous contact zones between taxa affiliated with eastern and western
biotas.
Ultrabroadband two-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy of organic fluids: a comparative study
Authors: Ackermann Roland , Koch Timea , Stoecker Axel , Meyer Tobias , Gabler Thomas , Lippoldt Tom , Missbach-Guentner Jeannine , Russmann Christoph , Popp Jürgen , Nolte Stefan
Published: April 2024

Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is a well-established diagnostic tool,
allowing for the identification of all Raman active species with a
single measurement. Yet, it may suffer from low signal intensity and
fluorescent background. In contrast, coherent anti-Stokes Raman
scattering (CARS) offers laser-like signals, but the traditional
approach lacks the multiplex capability of spontaneous Raman
spectroscopy. We present an ultrabroadband CARS setup which aims at
exciting the full spectrum (300 - 3700 cm ) of
biological molecules. A dual-output optical parametric amplifier
provides a ~7 fs pump/Stokes and a ~ 700
fs probe pulse. CARS spectra of DMSO, ethanol and methanol show great
agreement with spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and superiority in
fluorescent environments. The spectral resolution proves sufficient to
differentiate between the complex spectra of L-proline and
hydroxyproline. Moreover, decay constants in the sub picosecond range
are determined for individual Raman transitions, providing an additional
approach for sample characterization.
TEMPORAL CO-OCCURRENCE IN A COMMUNITY OF SUBTROPICAL AUSTRALIAN BIRDS
Authors: Hudson Nicholas
Published: April 2024

I aimed to better understand the community ecology of sympatric birdlife
in subtropical South East Queensland, Australia using patterns of
temporal species co-occurrence and principles from network theory. In
line with expectation, a hierarchical clustering analysis showed that
dates that were successive were joined by the shortest branch lengths
because of similar patterns of observed bird species. The only date
sampled in the Southern hemisphere Autumn was awarded its own branch in
the tree, indicating these observations were relatively distinct.
Estimates of total observed bird biomass were substantively higher in
the Autumn sample. Ranking each species on its average pairwise
correlation to the other 87 species in the set shows that,
unsurprisingly, raptors (such as Whistling Kites, Haliastur splenurus)
tend to be the most negatively correlated (hypergeometric enrichment
statistic P = 0.00029) indicating their presence is inhibitory to other
avian species. On the other hand, Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis)
possess the highest number of total connections, the highest radiality
(or ‘network influence’) metric within the inferred co-occurrence
network and have the second highest average positive correlation to all
other bird species in the set (+0.32). Collectively, this means
Silvereyes can be seen as an indicators whose presence indicates an
enhanced likelihood of observing a diversity of other bird species.
Network clustering analysis detects a large module of positively
connected bird species within the overall structure (dominated by
non-threatening diminutive species as Z. lateralis, Little Friarbirds
Philomon citreogularis and Red Backed Fairy Wrens Malurus
melanocephalus), whereas all but one of the raptors sit on the
periphery. The use of the PCIT network reconstruction algorithm is
demonstrated for the first time in community ecology.
Protective immune responses against Rhodococcus equi : an innate immunity-focused review
Authors: Bordin Angela , Silveira Bibiana Petri da , Cohen Noah D. , Lawhon Sara , Watson Robert O.
Published: April 2024

Rhodococcus equi causes pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and
immunocompromised people. Despite decades of research efforts, no
vaccine is available against this common cause of disease and death in
foals. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize the current
understanding of interactions between R. equi and the host innate
immune system, to describe features of the immune response that are
associated with resistance or susceptibility to R. equi
infection, and help guide strategies for developing novel approaches for
preventing R. equi infections. Virulence of R. equi in
foals has been attributed to the virulence associated protein A which
allows intracellular survival in macrophages by preventing acidification
of R. equi-containing vacuole. Additionally, foal susceptibility
to R. equi infection is associated with immaturity and naivety of
innate and adaptive immune systems, while adult horses with fully
functional immune system are resistant to pneumonia. Specific
interaction between R. equi and innate immune cells can result in
bacterial survival or death; learning how to manipulate these responses
to control infection is critical to prevent pneumonia in foals.
Administration of live vaccines and stimulation of innate immune
responses appears to improve foals’ immune response and has the
potential to overcome the challenges of foal active vaccination and
elicit protection against pneumonia.
Juvenile survival of little owls decreases with snow cover
Authors: Perrig Marco , Oppel Steffen , Tschumi Matthias , Keil Herbert , Naef-Daenzer Beat , Grüebler Martin
Published: April 2024

Global environmental changes are predicted to lead to warmer average
temperatures and more extreme weather events thereby affecting wildlife
population dynamics by altering demographic processes. Extreme weather
events can reduce food resources and mortality, but the contribution of
such events to demographic processes are poorly understood. Estimates of
season-specific survival probabilities are crucial for understanding
mechanisms underlying annual mortality. However, only few studies have
investigated survival at sufficient temporal resolution to assess the
contribution of extreme weather events. Here, we analysed biweekly
survival probabilities of 307 radio-tracked juvenile little owls
(Athene noctua) from fledging to their first breeding attempt in
the following spring. Biweekly survival probabilities were lowest during
the first weeks after fledging in summer and increased over autumn to
winter. The duration of snow cover in winter had a strong negative
effect on survival probability, while being well fed during the nestling
stage increased survival during the first weeks after fledging and
ultimately led to a larger proportion of birds surviving the first year.
Overall annual survival probability over the first year varied by 34.3
% between 0.117 (95 % credible interval 0.052 – 0.223) and 0.178
(0.097 – 0.293) depending on the severity of the winter, and up to
0.233 (0.127 – 0.373) for well-fed fledglings. The season with the
lowest survival was the post-fledging period (0.508; 0.428 – 0.594) in
years with mild winters, and the winter in years with extensive snow
cover (0.481; 0.337 – 0.626). We therefore show that extreme weather
events reduced the proportion of first-year survivors. Increasingly
warmer winters with less snow cover may therefore increase annual
survival probability of juvenile little owls in central Europe, but
environmental changes reducing food supply during the nestling period
can have similarly large effects on annual juvenile survival and
therefore the viability of populations.