bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease Pattern at Medicine Outpatient Department of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Akter Raushan , Uddin M Jalal , Biswas Rajat Sankar Roy
Published: July 2019

Background : Bangladesh, like many transitional nations, is straddling with the demographic and epidemiological transition. There is a critical need to improve public health in this region. But number of studies & representative data on the prevalence of diseases is inadequate. The objective of this study is to detect type & frequency of diseases among patients attending in medicine outpatient department (OPD) to improve the quality of healthcare.

Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted at the outpatient department (OPD) of Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College from February to April 2018. Purposive sampling was used. Total 500 patients were included. Details were recorded in a data form and diagnosis was made on the basis of history, physical examination and necessary laboratory investigations. Data were collected and analyzed using the SPSS Version 20.

Results : Total 500 patients were evaluated. Majority were female (61.2%). Highest number of patients i.e. 299 (59.4%) belonged to the age group of 16–35 years. Majority 405 (81%) of the patients in our study were from surrounding locality (Urban). The most common diseases was DM affecting 55(11%). HTN was 2nd common disease 51(10.2%). During this study we found gastrointestinal system was the most common affected organ system.

Conclusion: Disease pattern study is very important to focus top problems, so that we can prepare ourselves to fight against them.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 27-30
Disease Profile Among Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Alam Didarul , Islam Shanjana , Roy Bidhan , Md Shahid - , Roy Tarun Kumar , Rahman Sheikh Mujibur
Published: July 2019

Background: An understanding of epidemiological trend in hospital admissions, including diseases and death pattern, is critical for health care planning, appropriate resource allocation & improving existing services facilities. To evaluate the disease and death pattern of children admitted in the Department of Child Health, Bangubandhu Memorial Hospital. Chattogram.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study. The case records of all patients admitted in the Department of Child Health from Jan 1, 2015 to Dec 31, 2016 were analyzed.

Results: Total 3560 children were admitted during this study period. All the patients were distributed into three age groups. Infant, under five and more than five age groups constitute 35%, 33% and 32% respectively. Acute watery diarrhea (33%) bronchiolitis (21%) Bronchopneumonia (10.5%) hereditary hemolytic anemia (9%) and Enteric fever (4.3%) were the five top disease in two years of admission. Among them total 12 (0.34%) patient died. Highest case fatality rate was found in bronchopneumonia (75%). Other common causes of death include meningitis (17%) and heart failure (8.5%). Patient came from urban area was 63% and 37% came from rural area.

Conclusion: Admission related findings of this study will help to evaluate the disease pattern of a hospital and planning for more effective case-management strategies.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 31-35
Detection of Human Papilloma Virus in Colorectal Cancer by Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Das Narayan Chandra , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Nasreen Saida , Nasreen Mehnaz , Bhattacharjee Pradip , Rahman Zillur
Published: July 2019

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is associated with the development of several cancers, including oral, esophageal, skin, lung, and uterine cervix. Association of HPV and colorectal cancers remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between HPV infection and colorectal cancer in Chattogram of Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Chattogram Medical College, Bangladesh over a period of one year from July, 2013 to June, 2014. A total of 60 cases were included in the study during the time period. Histopathological type and grading was done. HPV type 16 and 18 DNA was examined from all samples by means of Real Time PCR using type specific primer named E7 protein. Finally association between HPV types 16/18 with colorectal carcinoma was assessed by Chi-square (c2) test.

Results: The mean age of 60 patients was 45.35 years (Range 17-75 years). Rectum was the common site of tumour 26 (43.3%). HPV type 16 and 18 was detected in 25 (41.7%) cases, out of whom 24 (96%) were associated with HPV16, and only one case was both HPV type 16 and 18. As regarding histological type, out of 25 cases 21 (84%) cases of adenocarcinoma, 3 (12%) case of signet ring carcinoma and only 1 (1.6%) case of mucinous carcinoma were positive for HPV.

Conclusion: HPV specially subtype 16, may play a role in the oncogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 44-48
STOCHASTIC AND CHAOTIC ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ATTENTION PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ZONES
Authors: Filatov M. A , Ilyashenko L. K , Kolosova A. I , Makeeva S. V
Published: July 2019

A person's living in different environmental conditions also determines his special mental properties, such as memory, thinking, and attention. The aim of this work is to study the quality of students' attention aged 12-17 years living in different climatic and geographical regions: the city of Surgut of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area and in the rural areas of central Russia (Samara region). Pupils of the first group live in extreme climatic conditions of the North, which are made worse by adverse social and environmental factors of urbanization. Pupils of the second group live in a climatically and environmentally friendly area with minimal impact of man-made pollution. The method of the Bourdon correction test was used in a modification proposed by P. A. Rudik. Result. A comparative statistical analysis of the results obtained in the evaluation of the attention properties of different age groups of students was carried out. The dynamics of changes in the K, E, A indices were studied, and the coefficients as a whole were calculated for the entire test and for each minute of the experiment. Specific features of the student's attention development were defined. Age and gender differences, differences in the development of attention indicators in students from two different schools were revealed. Conclusions: statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) of attention distribution and productivity were revealed: the attention efficiency coefficient of Surgut students is 1.15 times lower than that of their peers from the Samara region. All this demonstrates the differences in the attention parameters of students in different ecological zones.
ECOLOGO -PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Kourova O. G. , Popova T. V. , Kokoreva E. G. , Parskaya N. V. , Krapivina E. A
Published: July 2019

The aim is to study the environmental friendliness of long-term work on a computer based on the results of assessing the level of psycho-physiological functions of students with different volumes of training loads using computer technologies in the learning process. Methods: computer analysis of psychomotor reactions, self-assessment and situational anxiety, measurement of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure before and after the local load. 86 volunteer students aged 18-23 years old with a different volume of computer technology in the curriculum were surveyed. The results showed that adaptation to training loads in students with a large amount of computer technology is expressed in a statistically significant increase in indicators such as the speed of simple sensomotor reactions, the rate of complex sensomotor reactions in girls, and a decrease in attention concentration, the rate of selection and discrimination reactions in all subjects. Anxiety rates were higher in students with less computer work. The response of the heart rate to the local load in girls of both groups was more pronounced than in boys. Conclusion. A theoretical statement is formulated about the uneven changes in adaptation processes to study loads in students with a large amount of computer technology, expressed in stimulating certain neurodynamic functions and compensatory reduction of others. The stress of adaptation in girls is more pronounced than in boys. These studies indicate the environmentally unfavorable nature of high computer loads on the body, which manifests itself in functional stress. It is necessary to introduce correctional and recreational activities in the educational process with a large amount of computer technology.
PENGARUH SERTIFIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI KECAMATAN ARJASA KEPULAUAN KANGEAN
Authors: Sugianto Ach.
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini 1.Untuk mengetahui kinerja guru sebelum menerima sertifikasi di kecamatan arjasa kepulauan kangean. 2. Untuk mengetahui kinerja guru sesudah menerima sertifikasi di kecamatan arjasa kepulauan kangean. 3. Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh penerimaan sertifikasi guru terhadap kinerja guru di kecamatan arjasa kepulauan kangean. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang berfukus pada perbandingan antar variable yaitu variable X dan variable Y. Populasi penelitian ini adalah guru di kecamatan arjasa. Sedangkan sampel gugu-guru yang memiliki sertifikasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan dokumentasi.  Teknik pengolahan data yaitu dengan tahap editing, tahap analisis data dengan rumus regresi sedehana menggunanakan spss, dan terakhir dengan tahap interpretasi. Pada penghitungan hipotesis diperoleh nilai pada t table = signifikan 5% df = N-1 (30-1) yaitu 29 dengan nilai t hitung = 10.800 dan t table sebesar = 2.045 dengan nilai signifikan (10.800>2.045). hal ini berarti hipotesis yang diajukan peneliti diterima yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dalam penelitian yang berjudul “Pengaruh Sertifikasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru di Kecamatan Arjasa Kepulauan Kangean” dapat teruji kebenarannya. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sertifikasi sangat berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru. Dalam artian bahwa penelitian ini mampu menjawab kebenaran hipotesis yang diajukan.
ANALISIS POTENSI MINAT WIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA AKHIR PRODI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI DI STKIP PGRI LUMAJANG
Authors: Jayatri Fidyah
Published: July 2019

Karakter wirausaha merupakan salah satu komponen penting untuk dikembangkan saat ini. Para alumni perguruan tinggi perlu untuk mengembangkan jiwa wirausaha mereka di lingkungan kampus sebagai salah satu keterampilan yang diperlukan saat lulus nantinya. Lulusan kelompok terdidik inilah yang diharapkan mampu menyerap tenaga kerja di lingkungan sekitar mereka melalui penciptaan usaha baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam potensi minat mahasiswa untuk bisa berwirausaha. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian  kualitatif pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat adanya tingkat literasi ekonomi yang baik dapat memberikan kematangan berpikir utamanya dalam membuat keputusan, memecahkan masalah- masalah dalam kegiatan ekonomi. Mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat literasi baik umumnya memiliki arah berpikir yang rasional dalam bentuk pemilihan sumber daya di dalam melakukan kegiatan ekonomi. Literasi ekonomi yang baik juga memacu mahasiswa untuk memiliki daya kreativitas dan inovasi
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR MANAJEMEN UKM BERBASIS EKONOMI KERAKYATAN BAGI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI
Authors: FandyanSari Melisa Wahyu
Published: July 2019

Penelitian merupakan penelitian R&D dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 tahap  yang terdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu analisa, desain, mengembangkan, implementasi dan evaluasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) menyusun buku ajar Matakuliah Manajemen UKM Berbasis Ekonomi Kerakyatan bagi mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi, 2) menjadikan buku ajar Matakuliah Manajemen UKM Berbasis Ekonomi Kerakyatan menjadi buku ajar yang membantu pemahaman mahasiswa tentang materi Manajemen UKM, dan 3) menjadikan buku ajar Manajemen UKM Berbasis Ekonomi Kerakyatan menjadi buku ajar yang inovatif, kreatif, efektif, menyenangkan. Buku ajar ini terdiri dari 6 pembahasan dan memuat tentang ekonomi kerakyatan. Uji skala kecil dilakukan pada 40 mahasiswa dan uji skala besar buku ajar ini diujicobakan pada 70 mahasiswa dan mendapat nilai 87,78% dengan kriteria “Sangat Baik”. Hasil penilaian dari ahli materi mendapat nilai 3,95 dengan kategori Layak dan hasil penilaian ahli media mendapatkan nilai 3,9 dengan kategori Layak.
PENERAPAN METODE 360 DERAJAT DAN ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) DALAM SISTEM PENILAIAN KINERJA PEGAWAI (STUDI KASUS : RUMAH SAKIT FADILAH PRABUMULIH)
Authors: Kunang Suzi Oktavia , Samsil Agus Bayu
Published: July 2019

Decision support System software is very useful in the assessment process of employee performance. This study implements a method known as method name 360 degrees. This method conducts feedback evaluation by combining various feedback obtained from coworkers, employees, subordinates, officers and company customers, results of the feedback assessment process will continue with the process  Assessment by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which results in the decision by comparing the priority criteria so that the weight value of each criterion has been obtained by the decision. Are sorted from the largest value to the smallest. The results of the study obtained the performance value of employees in the company derived from the assessments given to all employees involved in the assessment.
APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN DATA INVENTARIS PERALATAN KERETA API INDONESIA (PERSERO) DIVISI REGIONAL III SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Gunawan Heri
Published: July 2019

PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Regional Division III South Sumatra in the UPT (Technical Service Unit) Dipo Gerbong, currently using the computer as a tool to record inventory data in the form of recording data goods, procurement data of goods, borrow data of good and returns data of goods. But its use is limited to Microsoft Excel applications as typing and reporting applications, there is no special application that can process inventory data goods quickly and accurately. So if the Head of Dipo Gerbong want to get information about inventory data items, have constraints and have difficulty because the data must be checked one by one in the computer which resulted in the process to get the data or the report takes a long time. Judging from the conditions and problems above, the authors want to do research raised with the title " Application of Inventory Data Processing Equipment trains Indonesian (Persero) Regional Division III South Sumatra”.
PERANCANGAN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PADA KANTOR DINAS PENDIDIKAN PEMDA OGAN ILIR
Authors: Yudiastuti Helda , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: July 2019

Local government education offices Ogan Ilir is the government agency that is engaged in education. Local government education offices Ogan Ilir Inventory goods are now using Information Systems, but has not used a special program to summarize all the information. Given the high level of knowledge of data loss due to mutation and retired employees, the education office there is no one system that can organize, collect, document and knowledge transfer data into information. This situation raises awareness of the importance of the application of process knowledge system (Knowledge Management Sytem). Expected to facilitate the Education Office in processing the inventory of goods, knowledge-coordinated and well-organized. Based on the description above, the authors conducted a study with the title "Designing Knowledge Management Systems In Local Government Education Office Ogan Ilir”.
RANCANG BANGUN E- COMMERCE TOKO RAFFAMART PALEMBANG MENGGUNAKAN MACROMEDIA DREAMWEAVER
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Solikin Imam
Published: July 2019

Raffamart Store is one of the trading business that sells various clothes. This store has not provided product sales service via internet or e-commerce (Electronic Commerce). In the process of selling ordering products as well as transactions, customers must come directly to the store. Customers can not place product orders due to system limitations owned by Raffamart stores. Therefore, a web-based sales system (e-commerce) is needed to assist the store in promoting the product. System development method used is waterfall method. The tools used to illustrate the system model are use case diagrams, activity diagrams and class diagrams. This website was developed using macromedia dreamweaver, programming language PHP and MySQL as database. With this web-based system, of course, will facilitate the processing of product data for sale and also help in terms of product marketing, because any information provided to customers can be faster.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM LEARNING BERNUANSA MUSIK KLASIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA KELAS VI DI SDN 58 DAN SDN 82 PEKANBARU
Authors: Hermita Neni , Zufriady Zufriady
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum optimalnya hasil belajar IPA kelas VI di SD Pekanbaru, melalui hasil wawancara langsung dengan beberapa siswa kelas VI SD, diketahui bahwa sebagian besar siswa lebih mudah belajar sambil mendengarkan audio dari pada visual, maupun kinestetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning bernuansa musik Mozart terhadap hasil belajar IPA kelas VIb SD Negeri 82 Pekanbaru; dan (2) pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning bernuansa musik Beathoven terhadap hasil belajar IPA kelas VI SD Negeri 58 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain true-experimental, yaitu posttest only control design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning bernuansa musik Mozart terhadap hasil belajar IPA kelas VIb SD Negeri 82 Pekanbaru. Diketahui dari nilai nilai thitung > nilai ttabel (3,037 > 2,064). Dengan demikian, hipotesis penelitian yang berbunyi diduga terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning bernuansa musik Mozart terhadap hasil belajar IPA kelas VIb SD Negeri 82 Pekanbaru, diterima; dan (2) terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning bernuansa musik Beathoven terhadap hasil belajar IPA kelas VIa SD Negeri 58 Pekanbaru Diketahui dari nilai nilai thitung > nilai ttabel (2,834 > 2,093). Namun, setelah dibandingkan kedua hasil belajar kelompok eksperimen tersebut, diketahui tidak adanya perbedaan, karena thitung < nilai ttabel (0,509 < 2,014). Dengan demikian, hipotesis penelitian yang berbunyi diduga terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran quantum learning bernuansa musik Beathoven terhadap hasil belajar IPA kelas VIa SD Negeri 58 Pekanbaru, diterima.
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Escherichia Colli PADA JAJANAN BAKSO TUSUK DI SEKOLAH DASAR KECAMATAN GUNUNG TALANG
Authors: Mayaserli Dyna Putri , Anggraini Dwi
Published: July 2019

Makanan pangan jajanan anak sekolah (PJAS) di Indonesia diketahui mengalami penurunan kualitas, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan banyaknya angka kejadian keracunan di Sumatera Barat yang dilaporkan kepada Dinas Kesehatan.Pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 6 kasus keracunan dengan jumlah korban sebanyak 404 orang.Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kontaminasi pada makanan jajanan. Adanya kontaminasi pada makanan jajanan dapat menyebabkan foodborne disease.Penyebab kontaminasi pada makanan adalah cemaran mikroba, cemaran mikroba merupakan penyebab utama tidak terpenuhinya syarat pada pangan jajanan anak sekolah (PJAS) di Indonesia salah satunya disebabkan oleh Escherichia colli.Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya cemaran bakteri, jumlah bakteri, dan identifikasi bakteri Escherichia collipada jajanan bakso tusuk.Sampel diambil dari 5 Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Gunung Talang.MetodePerhitungan dengan metode Uji Total Plate Count (TPC), isolasi pada media, dan uji biokimia. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada sampel 1 memiliki hasil rata-rata jumlah bakteri tertinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel lain, yaitu 1,5 x 105CFU/gram, dan hasil terendah terdapat pada sampel 5 sebesar 2,3 x 103 CFU/gram.Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan hasil bahwa 1dari 5 sampel bakso tusuk telah melebihi ambang batas, sementara 4 lainnya masih diperbolehkan dikonsumsi.
VERIFIKASI PENENTUAN ANGKA BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA SAMPEL YANG DI-SPIKE MENGGUNAKAN METODE COLONY FORMING UNIT
Authors: Arizal Chairani , Harianto Aswal
Published: July 2019

The water that must be drunk is healthy water that meets the requirements of Bacteriology, Chemistry, Radioactivity and Physicality based on Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation No: 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 concerning the requirements and supervision of clean water quality which includes physical requirements which are odorless, not colored and tasteless, where for the Coliform value is 0/100 mL. Escherichia coli is a fecal coliform bacterium and an indicator of the quality of drinking water because its presence in water indicates that the water is contaminated by feces. The aim of this study was to determine the value of accuracy, precision, detection limit, sensitivity and specificity of the calculated numbers of Escherichia coli bacteria from spike samples using the CFU method with agar chromocult media. The results of the bacterial results obtained on accuracy parameters were 229.33%, precision ie 26.35%, LOD which was 13.85 CFU / ml, LOQ ie 138.54 CFU / ml, and Specificity of 0%. Based on the results of verification of bacterial numbers obtained from the results of the accuracy test, precision that is not within the range of  general requirements indicates that the method cannot be valid to use factors that affect high dilution, rapid bacterial growth rate, adequate nutrition and observer vision, whereas specificity indicate that chromocult coliform is very specific to Escherichia coli.
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and its Association with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Yemeni People of Sana'a City
Authors: Bamashmos Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Aghbari Khaled
Published: July 2019

Objective: Hyperuricemia is a metabolic problem that has become increasingly common worldwide over the past several decades. Its prevalence is increased in both advanced and developing countries including Yemen. The aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in sample of Yemeni adult individual and its relationship to certain cardiovascular risk factors namely obesity, hypertension, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high serum triglyceride, Low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) and high Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C). Methodology: A sample of 600 adult Yemeni people aged equal or over 18 years was randomly chosen to represent the population living in Sanaa City during a period of two years from April 2017 to August 2018. All the study groups undergo full clinical history and examination includes measurement of BP and BMI, WC and the following laboratory investigation (FBS, Basal serum uric acid level, total cholesterol, serum TG, HDL and LDL). Results: The prevalence of hyperuricemia in this study was 8.8% (11,6% male and 6.4% female). The serum uric acid level in this study was significantly correlated with age, Waist Circumference (WC), SBP, DBP, FBS, T-cholesterol, TG and LDL but not with HDL. Conclusion: There is strong relationship between serum uric acid level and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Gilt Management for Fertility and Longevity
Authors: Patterson Jennifer , Foxcroft George
Published: July 2019

Substantial evidence supports successful management of gilts as an absolutely necessary component of breeding herd management and the pivotal starting point for the future fertility and longevity of the breeding herd. Therefore, gilt management practices from birth have the potential to influence the future reproductive performance of the sow herd. A good gilt management program will address several key components such as birth traits that determine the efficiency of replacement gilt production; effective selection of the most fertile gilts for entry to the breeding herd; effective management programs that provide a consistent supply of service eligible gilts; and appropriate management of weight, physiological maturity, and a positive metabolic state at breeding. Good gilt management can largely resolve the existing gap between excellent genetic potential and the more modest sow lifetime productivity typically achieved in the industry. Investment in good gilt development programs from birth represents a foundational opportunity for improving the efficiency of the pork production industry.
Leonardo da Vinci’s Animal Anatomy: Bear and Horse Drawings Revisited
Authors: Lombardero Matilde , Yllera María del Mar
Published: July 2019

Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most influencing personalities of his time, the perfect representation of the ideal Renaissance man, an expert painter, engineer and anatomist. Regarding Leonardo’s anatomical drawings, apart from human anatomy, he also depicted some animal species. This comparative study focused only on two species: Bears and horses. He produced some anatomical drawings to illustrate the dissection of “a bear’s foot” (Royal Collection Trust), previously described as “the left leg and foot of a bear”, but considering some anatomical details, we concluded that they depict the bear’s right pelvic limb. This misconception was due to the assumption that the bear’s digit I (1st toe) was the largest one, as in humans. We also analyzed a rough sketch (not previously reported), on the same page, and we concluded that it depicts the left antebrachium (forearm) and manus (hand) of a dog/wolf. Regarding Leonardo’s drawing representing the horse anatomy “The viscera of a horse”, the blood vessel arrangement and other anatomical structures are not consistent with the structure of the horse, but are more in accordance with the anatomy of a dog. In addition, other drawings comparing the anatomy of human leg muscles to that of horse pelvic limbs were also discussed in motion.
Predictors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Sudan
Authors: Ali Monadil H. , Alrasheedy Alian A. , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Kibuule Dan , Godman Brian
Published: July 2019

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health threat and burden on the health system. This is especially the case in high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence countries, such as Sudan. Consequently, this study aimed to ascertain the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan to provide future guidance. An unmatched case-control study to assess the predictors of MDR-TB infections among the Sudanese population was conducted from August 2017 to January 2018 at Abu-Anga referral hospital. Patients’ data was gathered from patients’ cards and via interviews. A structured pre-validated questionnaire was used to gather pertinent information, which included sociodemographic characteristics and other relevant clinical data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the predictors of MDR-TB infection. 76 of the 183 patients interviewed (41.5%) had MDR-TB cases. The independent predictors for MDR-TB were living in rural areas [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–8.2)], treatment failure [aOR = 56.9 (10.2–319.2)], and smoking [(aOR = 4 (1.2–13.2)], whereas other sociodemographic factors did not predict MDR-TB. In conclusion, the study showed that a history of smoking, living in rural areas, and a previous treatment failure were the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan. The latter factors are most likely due to issues that are related to access and adherence to treatment and lifestyle. The existence of any of these factors among newly diagnosed TB patients should alert clinicians for the screening of MDR-TB. The implementation of directly observed treatment (DOT) and health education are crucial in stopping the spread of MDR-TB in Sudan.
Lysophosphatidic Acid and Autotaxin-associated Effects on the Initiation and Progression of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yun C. Chris
Published: July 2019

The intestinal epithelium interacts dynamically with the immune system to maintain its barrier function to protect the host, while performing the physiological roles in absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, water and minerals. The importance of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptors in the gut has been progressively appreciated. LPA signaling modulates cell proliferation, invasion, adhesion, angiogenesis, and survival that can promote cancer growth and metastasis. These effects are equally important for the maintenance of the epithelial barrier in the gut, which forms the first line of defense against the milieu of potentially pathogenic stimuli. This review focuses on the LPA-mediated signaling that potentially contributes to inflammation and tumor formation in the gastrointestinal tract.
State of the Art of Natural Killer Cell Imaging: A Systematic Review
Authors: Varani Michela , Auletta Sveva , Signore Alberto , Galli Filippo
Published: July 2019

Natural killer (NK) cell therapy is a promising alternative to conventional T cell-based treatments, although there is a lack of diagnostic tools to predict and evaluate therapeutic outcomes. Molecular imaging can offer several approaches to non-invasively address this issue. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the state of the art of NK cell imaging and its translational potential. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for published articles on the imaging of NK cells in humans and preclinical models. Study quality was evaluated following Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) criteria. We pooled studies as follows: Optical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine imaging with a total of 21 studies (n = 5, n = 8 and n = 8, respectively). Considering the limitation of comparing different imaging modalities, it appears that optical imaging (OI) of NK cells is very useful in a preclinical setting, but has the least translational potential. MRI provides high quality images without ionizing radiations with lower sensitivity. Nuclear medicine is the only imaging technique that has been applied in humans (four papers), but results were not outstanding due to a limited number of enrolled patients. At present, no technique emerged as superior over the others and more standardization is required in conducting human and animal studies.
Activation of Cryptic 3′ Splice-Sites by SRSF2 Contributes to Cassette Exon Skipping
Authors: Moon Heegyum , Jang Ha Na , Liu Yongchao , Choi Namjeong , Oh Jagyeong , Ha Jiyeon , Zheng Xuexiu , Shen Haihong
Published: July 2019

Here we show that the serine/arginine rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) promotes cryptic 3′ splice-site (3′AG′) usage during cassette exon exclusion in survival of motor neuron (SMN2) minigenes. Deletion of the 3′AG′ (3′AG′1), its associated branch point (BP′) and polypyrimidine tract (PPT′) sequences directs SRSF2 to promote a second 3′AG′ (3′AG′2) with less conserved associated region for intron splicing. Furthermore, deletion of both 3′AG′1 and 3′AG′2 and their associated sequences triggered usage of a third 3′AG′3 that has very weak associated sequences. Interestingly, when intron splicing was directed to the 3′AG′ cryptic splice-sites, intron splicing from the canonical 3′AG splice-site was reduced along with a decrease in cassette exon inclusion. Moreover, multiple SRSF2 binding sites within the intron are responsible for 3′AG′ activation. We conclude that SRSF2 facilitates exon exclusion by activating a cryptic 3′AG′ and inhibiting downstream intron splicing.
Hydrogenation of HOPG-supported Gold Nanoparticles: Features of Initial Stages
Authors: Gatin Andrey K. , Grishin Maxim V. , Dokhlikova Nadezhda V. , Sarvadii Sergey Yu. , Shub Boris R.
Published: July 2019

The features of deuterium adsorption on the surface of gold nanoparticles deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were determined. The results showed that deuterium adsorption on gold nanoparticles takes place at room temperature. The results also showed that the filling of the nanoparticles’ surfaces with the adsorbate occurs from the graphite–gold interface until the entire surface is covered by deuterium. The results of quantum chemical simulations are used to explain the experimental data. A simple model of the observed effects is proposed.
A Fault Detection Method Based on CPSO-Improved KICA
Authors: Liu Mingguang , Li Xiangshun , Lou Chuyue , Jiang Jin
Published: July 2019

In view of the randomness in the selection of kernel parameters in the traditional kernel independent component analysis (KICA) algorithm, this paper proposes a CPSO-KICA algorithm based on Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) and KICA. In CPSO-KICA, the maximum entropy of the extracted independent component is first adopted as the fitness function of the PSO algorithm to determine the optimal kernel parameters, then the chaotic algorithm (CO) is used to avoid the local optimum existing in the traditional PSO algorithm. Finally, this proposed algorithm is compared with Weighted KICA (WKICA) and PSO-KICA with Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) as the benchmark. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can determine the optimal kernel parameters and perform better in terms of false alarm rates (FAR), detection latency (DL) and fault detection rates (FDR).
Development of a Modified Plug-Flow Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Production from Animal Manures
Authors: Gómez Daniel , Ramos-Suárez Juan Luis , Fernández Belén , Muñoz Eduard , Tey Laura , Romero-Güiza Maycoll , Hansen Felipe
Published: July 2019

Traditional plug-flow anaerobic reactors (PFRs) are characterized by lacking a mixing system and operating at high total solid concentrations, which limits their applicability for several kinds of manures. This paper studies the performance of a novel modified PFR for the treatment of pig manure, characterized by having an internal sludge mixing system by biogas recirculation in the range of 0.270–0.336 m3 m−3 h−1. The influence on the methane yield of four operating parameters (recirculation rate, hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, and total solids) was evaluated by running four modified PFRs at the pilot scale in mesophilic conditions. While the previous biodegradability of organic matter by biochemical methane potential tests were between 31% and 47% with a methane yield between 125 and 184 LCH4 kgVS−1, the PFRs showed a suitable performance with organic matter degradation between 25% and 51% and a methane yield of up to 374 LCH4 kgVS−1. Operational problems such as solid stratification, foaming, or scum generation were avoided.
Thermal Response of Mortar Panels with Different Forms of Macro-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Ying Kong Sih , Yang Xu , Chandra Paul Suvash , Sing Wong Leong , Šavija Branko
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a numerical investigation of thermal response of mortar panels, incorporating macro-encapsulated paraffin in different forms. Two types of macro capsules were fabricated and tested in this study using an instrumented hot plate device. The experimental results show that macro encapsulated paraffin reduced the temperature and increased time lag in the mortar panels due to the latent heat capacity of paraffin. Finite element models adopting the effective heat capacity method to model phase change effects were able to capture the overall thermal response of panels incorporated with paraffin well. Then, a parametric study was conducted using the validated finite element (FE) modelling technique to investigate the effects of different forms of macro capsules, the quantity of paraffin and the position of macro capsules. It was found that the tube and sphere macro capsules showed similar thermal responses, while the plate shaped capsules may cause a non-uniform temperature distribution in mortar panels. The quantity and position of paraffin have significant effects on the thermal response of the mortal panels. A higher paraffin content results in a significantly longer temperature lag and a lower temperature during the phase transition of paraffin. Furthermore, placing the paraffin away from the heating face can cause a longer temperature lag on the other face, which is desirable for building façade applications.
RETRACTED: Chen et al. Production of Hydrogen by Methane Steam Reforming Coupled with Catalytic Combustion in Integrated Microchannel Reactors. Energies 2018, 11, 2045
Authors:   Energies Editorial Office
Published: July 2019

We have become aware that the figures and experimental data in the published article [...]
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Heat Transfer of Bare Tubes in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed with Respect to Better Heat Integration in Temperature Swing Adsorption Systems
Authors: Vogtenhuber Hannes , Pernsteiner Dominik , Hofmann René
Published: July 2019

In this paper experimental and numerical investigations on heat transfer within a bubbling fluidized bed will be presented with respect to better heat integration in continuous temperature swing adsorption (TSA) processes for biogas upgrading. In the literature, mainly heat transfer measurements with glass or sand particles are carried out, thus special reference measurements with adsorbent material in a fluidized bed are missing. Therefore firstly, a series of experiments were carried out in the fluidized bed test facility to obtain heat transfer coefficients between tube surface and bed which were then compared to calculated heat transfer coefficients to determine whether suitable models were available. Horizontal bare tubes with different arrangements (i.e., single tubes and especially tube bundles) are immersed in fluidized amine layered particles with a mean diameter of 650 μ m which are used in the adsorption industry as adsorbent. The test facility enables a cross-current flow of the solids and gas phase as it prevails in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor for TSA-applications. The heat transfer measurements with different arrangements and adsorbent material show very similar values in the range of 200 W/m 2 K. The mathematical model for single tubes multiplied by a tube diameter factor shows approximate agreement with the experimental results. However, the mathematical models for tube bundles were not able to predict the measured heat transfer coefficients with the required accuracy. Secondly, a computer fluid dynamics (CFD) program was used to perform a numerical investigation of the test facility using the Euler–Euler method in order to describe the required two-phase characteristic of a fluidized bed. The results of the numerical simulation were compared and validated with the experimental results. Bubbling fluidized bed flow regimes could be reproduced well but the heat transfer coefficients between tube and bed were clearly underestimated. However, a numerical study for a bubbling fluidized bed with external circulation, as used in novel continuous TSA systems, could be carried out and thus a tool for better heat integration measures was developed.
The Design of a Low Cost Phasor Measurement Unit
Authors: Delle Femine Antonio , Gallo Daniele , Landi Carmine , Luiso Mario
Published: July 2019

The widespread diffusion of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is a becoming a need for the development of the “smartness” of power systems. However, PMU with accuracy compliant to the standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) C37.118.1-2011 and its amendment IEEE Std C37.118.1a-2014 have typically costs that constitute a brake for their diffusion. Therefore, in this paper, the design of a low-cost implementation of a PMU is presented. The low cost approach is followed in the design of all the building blocks of the PMU. A key feature of the presented approach is that the data acquisition, data processing and data communication are integrated in a single low cost microcontroller. The synchronization is obtained using a simple external Global Positioning System receiver, which does not provide a disciplined clock. The synchronization of sampling frequency, and thus of the measurement, to the Universal Time Coordinated, is obtained by means of a suitable signal processing technique. For this implementation, the Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform has been used as the synchrophasor estimation algorithm. A thorough metrological characterization of the realized prototype in different test conditions proposed by the standards, using a high performance PMU calibrator, is also shown.
Risk Assessment and Value of Action Analysis for Icing Conditions of Wind Turbines Close to Highways
Authors: Rastayesh Sima , Long Lijia , Dalsgaard Sørensen John , Thöns Sebastian
Published: July 2019

The paper presents research results from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network INFRASTAR in the field of reliability approaches for decision-making for wind turbines and bridges. This paper addresses the application of Bayesian decision analysis for installation of heating systems in wind turbine blades in cases where an ice detection system is already installed in order to allow wind turbines to be placed close to highways. Generally, application of ice detection and heating systems for wind turbines is very relevant in cases where the wind turbines are planned to be placed close to urban areas and highways, where risks need to be considered due to icing events, which may lead to consequences including human fatality, functional disruptions, and/or economic losses. The risk of people being killed in a car passing on highways near a wind turbine due to blades parts or ice pieces being thrown away in cases of over-icing is considered in this paper. The probability of being killed per kilometer and per year is considered for three cases: blade parts thrown away as a result of a partial or total failure of a blade, ice thrown away in two cases, i.e., of stopped wind turbines and of wind turbines in operation. Risks due to blade parts being thrown away cannot be avoided, since low strengths of material, maintenance or manufacturing errors, mechanical or electrical failures may result in failure of a blade or blade part. The blade (parts) thrown away from wind turbines in operation imply possible consequences/fatalities for people near the wind turbines, including in areas close to highways. Similar consequences are relevant for ice being thrown away from wind turbine blades during icing situations. In this paper, we examine the question as to whether it is valuable to put a heating system on the blades in addition to ice detection systems. This is especially interesting in countries with limited space for placing wind turbines; in addition, it is considered if higher power production can be obtained due to less downtime if a heating system is installed.
Potential of Urban Densification to Mitigate the Effects of Heat Island in Vienna, Austria
Authors: Vuckovic Milena , Loibl Wolfgang , Tötzer Tanja , Stollnberger Romana
Published: July 2019

Global increase of urban population has brought about a growing demand for more dwelling space, resulting in various negative impacts, such as accelerated urbanization, urban sprawl and higher carbon footprints. To cope with these growth dynamics, city authorities are urged to consider alternative planning strategies aiming at mitigating the negative implications of urbanization. In this context, the present contribution investigates the potential of urban densification to mitigate the heat island effects and to improve outdoor thermal conditions. Focusing on a quite densely urbanized district in Vienna, Austria, we carried out a set of simulations of urban microclimate for pre- and post-densification scenarios using the parametric modelling environment Rhinoceros 3D and a set of built-in algorithms in the Rhino’s plug-in Grasshopper. The study was conducted for a hot summer period. The results revealed a notable solar shielding effect of newly introduced vertical extensions of existing buildings, promoting temperature decrease and improved thermal conditions within more shaded urban canyons and courtyards. However, a slight warming effect was noted during the night-time due to the higher thermal storage and lower sky view factor.
Static and Sliding Frictions of Roundwood Exposed to Different Levels of Processing and Their Impact on Transportation Logistics
Authors: Heppelmann Joachim B. , Labelle Eric R. , Wittkopf Stefan
Published: July 2019

Load safety is a critical component of successful logistic operations. Different influencing factors can affect the necessity of intensive load securing methods. The most dominant factor is the friction characteristics of the intended cargo. A cargo with special requirements on load safety is debarked roundwood. Due to modern forestry challenges, larger amounts of debarked roundwood assortments are now being produced within German forest operations. To assess the influence of debarking onto the static and sliding frictions of Norway spruce, pulling tests were performed and compared to barked assortments. Results showed that a significant difference in both static and sliding frictions exists between barked and debarked assortments within the first seven days after harvesting. However, this significant difference became less prominent after the logs continued to dry out and no difference was detected after 21 days. Over the monitored period, debarked assortments presented a 40%–45% faster drying rate than barked assortments. This resulted in a calculated 11%–28% additional transportable net load (m3) of debarked roundwood assortments for long trailer systems. Hence, debarked roundwood can be treated similarly to barked roundwood if stored long enough prior to road transportation, while having the potential of increased savings within the wood logistic chain.
Vertical Distribution of Leaf Area of European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Pure and Mixed Stands
Authors: Sterba Hubert , Dirnberger Gerald , Ritter Tim
Published: July 2019

The growth effects of mixtures are generally assumed to be a result of canopy structure and crown plasticity. Thus, the distribution of leaf area at tree and stand level helps to explain these mixing effects. Therefore, we investigated the leaf area distribution in 12 stands with a continuum of proportions of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The stands were between 40 and 170 years old and located in the northern part of the Eastern Intermediate Alps in Austria at elevations between 900 and 1300 m asl A total of 200 sample trees were felled and the leaf area distribution within their crowns was evaluated. Fitting beta distributions to the individual empirical leaf area distributions, the parameters of the beta distributions were shown to depend on the leaf area of the individual trees and, for spruce, on the proportion of spruce in the stands. With the equations determined, the leaf area distribution of all trees in the stand, and thus its distribution in the stands, was calculated by species and in 2 m height classes. For the individual trees, we found that the leaf area distribution of larch is more symmetric, and its peak is located higher in the crown than it is the case for spruce. Furthermore, the leaf area distribution of both species becomes more peaked and skewed when the leaf area of the trees increases. The mixture only influences the leaf area distribution of spruce in such a way that the higher the spruce proportion of the stand, the higher the leaf area is located within the crown. At the stand level, a strong relationship was found between the proportion of spruce and the distance between the peaks of the leaf area distributions of larch and spruce.