bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the resilience of rural communities in the Russian North: A case study of Arkhangelsk region communities
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Nenasheva Marina V. , Maksimov Anton M. ,   Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to enhance the empirical and theoretical understanding of the local aspects of resilience, which makes it possible to assess resilience levels in rural communities in the Russian North under new economic conditions. The study shows that during the Soviet era, the state provided economic support to sustain the viability of northern villages. As a result of the market reforms of the past century, most collective and state farms fell into decline, which led to labor migration. Despite negative demographic trends, the difficult economic situation, and limited transportation access, there is still a permanent resident population in northern villages. Based on the theory of resilience, methodological approaches to its assessment,and the results of field studies conducted in villages located on the island and coastal territories of the Primorsky district in the Arkhangelsk region between 2017 and 2022, the authors identify factors that determine the resilience of rural communities in the new economic conditions. These include location, local economy, and social capital. Indicators were established for each of the factors to propose a methodology for their assessment. As a result, an integrated resilience index was calculated for rural communities in the island and coastal territories of the Primorsky district in the Arkhangelsk region. It is concluded that the assessment of resilience levels of rural communities can provide information about society’s preparedness to face external challenges and identify which resources (economic, social, or natural) are robust or vulnerable. The novelty of the research lies in considering resilience as a new research paradigm for studying social systems and validating a methodology for its assessment based on qualitative indicators. The results of the study can be used to develop new strategies for the social and economic progress of rural areas and specific plans to facilitate the adaptation of rural residents in the Russian North to emerging economic challenges.
CHANGES IN HEMICELLULOSE STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSITION FROM EARLYWOOD TO LATEWOOD AT JUVENILE WOOD IN CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA
Authors: MORI YOSHIKAZU , NAKAJIMA MIO , ISHIDA AKIHIRO , ITO NOBORU , KURATA YOHEI , SHIMIZU KAZUMASA , KATAYAMA YOSHIHIRO , KIGUCHI MAKOTO , YAMASHITA KANA , FUJIWARA TAKESHI , TONOSAKI MARIO
Published: June 2023

The chemical composition and variations in chemical structure of hemicellulose in earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of two individual Japanese cedar trees (C-Boka and T-Boka) were investigated. The trees were cultivated under different growth conditions: C-Boka grew slowly in a forest, while T-Boka grew rapidly in a location rich in nutrients and sunshine. For the chemical structure of hemicellulose, arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX) showed varied side-chain substitution rates with glucuronic acid and different molecular weights in the transition between EW and LW. In contrast, the fundamental composition of glucomannan/galactoglucomannan (GM/GGM) was relatively unchanged between EW and LW. The modification of AGX and GM/GGM from EW to LW differed between C-Boka and T-Boka and might be influenced by the growth rate of the trees.
INVESTIGATION OF BENDING STRENGTH OF TANNIN IMPREGNATED WOODEN BEAMS AFTER HEAT TREATMENT
Authors: GUNES MEHMET , ALTUNOK MUSTAFA
Published: June 2023

In this study, the changes in bending strength were investigated by applying heat-treatment to laminated beams modified with acorn tannin to improve the mechanical properties of wooden load-bearing structural members. For this purpose, acorn tannin was impregnated on samples prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oak (Quercus petraea L.), and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods. Heat treatment was applied to the samples impregnated with acorn tannin at 150ºC for 3 hours. Untreated, heat-treated, and tannin-modified samples were conditioned until they reached constant weight at 20ºC at 65% relative humidity (RH), 40ºC at 35% RH, and 10ºC at 50% RH. Bending resistance tests were applied to the elements that are conditioned in outdoor conditions according to ISO 13061-3. The results of bilateral interaction between tree species and treatment type were compared, the highest bending strength increase was found in Scotch pine samples by 5% compared to control samples.
EFFECTS OF PRESSING TEMPERATURE AND COMPRESSION RATIO ON DENSITY DISTRIBUTION AND HARDNESS OF SURFACE DENSIFIED POPLAR WOOD
Authors: ZHOU QIAOFANG , LIANG DONGDONG , CHENG AOKAI , WANG XIANJU , TU DENGYUN
Published: June 2023

Process parameters play an important role in wood surface densification. In this study, the poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) wood was heated on one side at 100℃, 150℃ and 180℃, and compressed in the radial direction with the speed of 10 mm/min. The initial thickness of the wood samples were 30 mm, 26 mm and 23 mm, and they were all compressed to 20 mm and resulting in three different compression ratios: 33.3%, 23.1% and 13.0%. When the surface densification completed, the density distribution and hardness of the densified and un-treated samples were measured and analyzed. Results show that the compressing temperature mainly decided the formation of the density distribution curve and the peak density increased with the increasing temperature; as the compression ratio increased, the peak density increased and the thickness of the densified zone broadened; the surface hardness was highly correlated with the density distribution which was affected by temperature and compression ratio, and as the peak density increased and the thickness of the densified broadened the hardness increased accordingly. Therefore, by optimizing the process parameters such as the compressing temperature and compression ratio could generate a targeted density distribution which has the desired hardness.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PF AND MUF BONDED JUVENILE HYBRID EUCALYPTUS PLYWOODS PRODUCED IN GHANA
Authors: SEIDU HARUNA , NÉMETH RÓBERT , OWUSU FRANCIS WILSON , KORANG JAMES , EMMANUEL APPIAH-KUBI , GOVINA JAMES KUDJO , A.A YOUNIS FATH ALRHMAN , IBRAHIM SAFIA
Published: June 2023

To obtain the mechanical properties of plywood produced from six yearold hybrid Eucalyptus in Ghana was the objective of this research. The samples for the experiment were prepared and tested according to GS EN 326-1, GS EN 310, GS EN 314-1, and GS EN 314 -2. The data obtained were analysed using the factorial ANOVA analysis. The mean results obtained for the various treatments were MOE (6520 – 7638 N/mm2), MOR (53.29 – 60.56 N/mm2, shear strength (2.47 – 5.51 N/mm2), failure (72 -90%) and density (725 – 748 kg/m3). The orientation of the surface veneer caused variations among treatments whiles the adhesives PF and MUF largely did not cause any variations among treatments. This study has proven that it is possible to produce sufficiently strong and resistant plywood from the juvenile wood of eucalyptus.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE CHEMI-THERMO MECHANICAL PULPING FROM EUCALYPTUS SPP., BAMBUSA VULGARIS AND DENDROCALAMUS ASPER
Authors: DA COSTA MARCELO MOREIRA , DE ALMEIDA RODRIGO FRAGA , ANGELETTI NUNES MARIA TEREZA , DE CARVALHO BITTENCOURT RICARDO , SOARES SILVA LARISSA , DE OLIVEIRA CASSIANO RODRIGUES , MACEDO LADEIRA CARVALHO ANA MÁRCIA , VALVERDE SEBASTIÃO RENATO
Published: June 2023

In this study, pulps of the species Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper were produced through the chemi-thermo mechanical pulping process, which had their morphological and mechanical properties compared with industrially produced Eucalyptus spp. pulp. The total yields of the pulping processes were 71.3 and 77.0% for the species Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus asper, respectively. The higher basic density presented by the biomass of the Dendrocalamus asper species can lead to a high productivity. Both bamboo species led to pulps with higher mechanical properties compared to industrial Eucalyptus spp. pulp. The pulp of Bambusa vulgaris stood out in terms of mechanical properties, reaching a higher level of mechanical properties with less energy spent on refining, being indicated for the production of papers for applications where high tensile index is required. Dendrocalamus asper pulp proved to be more suitable for applications, in which high liquid absorption capacity is required due to its high bulk.
NOVOS PARADIGMAS ACERDA DO ABANDONO AFETIVO DOS IDOSOS NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO
Authors: Stefanini Marília Rulli , Pereira Isabela Mara dos Santos
Published: June 2023

O presente capítulo de livro teve como objetivo analisar o abandono dos idosos, especialmente o afetivo, e, por conseguinte, a responsabilidade civil dos filhos/responsáveis legais. O trabalho foi sucedido pelo método indutivo, por pesquisas bibliográficas, doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais, bem como por buscas em sítios da web, sendo que o estudo iniciou destacando alguns princípios Constitucionais, onde foi feita a correlação entre os abandonos e a responsabilidade civil. Concluiu-se com o trabalho que há discussão sobre probabilidade de reparação pecuniária, posto que haja vertente jurídica compreendendo que o afeto não deva ser imposto, mas sim conquistado durante a vida, visto que a indenização culminaria na piora da relação. Em sentido contrário, outros consideram que embora não seja um dever dispor de sentimentos afetivos por outrem, deve existir a compensação do dano em razão da indenização ser uma medida pedagógica aos transgressores dos deveres leais, no caso pelos filhos e responsáveis. Desse modo, resulta a necessidade de averiguação de cada caso com prudência para reprimir exageros e injustiças.
The Strength of the Sheared Magnetic Field in the Galactic’s Circumnuclear Disk
Authors: Guerra Jordan A. , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Chuss David T. , Butterfield Natalie O. , Schmelz Joan T.
Published: June 2023

Recent high-resolution 53 μm polarimetric observations from SOFIA/HAWC+ have revealed the inferred plane-of-the-sky magnetic field (B-field) orientation in the Galactic center’s circumnuclear disk (CND). The B-field is mostly aligned with the steamers of ionized material falling onto Sgr A* at large, differential velocities (shear). In such conditions, estimating the B-field strength with the “classical” Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method does not provide accurate results. We derive a “modified” DCF method by solving the ideal-MHD equations from first principles considering the effects of a large-scale, shear flow on the propagation of a fast magnetosonic wave. In the context of the DCF approximation, both the value of the shear and its Laplacian affect the inferred B-field strength. Using synthetic polarization data from MHD simulations for a medium dominated by shear flows, we find that the “classical” DCF determines B-field strengths only within >50% of the true value where the “modified” DCF results are improved significantly (∼3%–22%). Applying our “modified” DCF method to the CND revealed B-field strengths of 1–16 mG in the northern arm, 1–13 mG in the eastern arm, and 3–27 mG in the western arc at spatial scales ≲1 pc, with median values of 5.1 ± 0.8, 4.0 ± 1.2, and 8.5 ± 2.3 mG, respectively. The balance between turbulent gas energy (kinetic plus hydrostatic) and turbulent magnetic energy densities suggest that, along the magnetic-field-flow direction, magnetic effects become less dominant as the shear flow increases and weakens the B-field via magnetic convection. Our results indicate that the transition from magnetically to gravitationally dominated accretion of material onto Sgr A* starts at distances ∼1 pc.
Supernova 2020wnt: An Atypical Superluminous Supernova with a Hidden Central Engine
Authors: Tinyanont Samaporn , Woosley Stan E. , Taggart Kirsty , Foley Ryan J. , Yan Lin , Lunnan Ragnhild , Davis Kyle W. , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Siebert Matthew R. , Schulze Steve , Ashall Chris , Chen Ting-Wan , De Kishalay , Dimitriadis Georgios , Dong Dillon Z. , Fremling Christoffer , Gagliano Alexander , Jha Saurabh W. , Jones David O. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Miao Hao-Yu , Pan Yen-Chen , Perley Daniel A. , Ravi Vikram , Rojas-Bravo César , Sfaradi Itai , Sollerman Jesper , Alarcon Vanessa , Angulo Rodrigo , E. Clever Karoli , Crawford Payton , Couch Cirilla , Dandu Srujan , Dhara Atirath , Johnson Jessica , Lai Zhisen , Smith Carli
Published: June 2023

We present observations of a peculiar hydrogen- and helium-poor stripped-envelope (SE) supernova (SN) 2020wnt, primarily in the optical and near-infrared (near-IR). Its peak absolute bolometric magnitude of −20.9 mag (L
bol, peak = (6.8 ± 0.3) × 1043 erg s−1) and a rise time of 69 days are reminiscent of hydrogen-poor superluminous SNe (SLSNe I), luminous transients potentially powered by spinning-down magnetars. Before the main peak, there is a brief peak lasting <10 days post explosion, likely caused by interaction with circumstellar medium (CSM) ejected ∼years before the SN explosion. The optical spectra near peak lack a hot continuum and O ii absorptions, which are signs of heating from a central engine; they quantitatively resemble those of radioactivity-powered hydrogen/helium-poor Type Ic SESNe. At ∼1 yr after peak, nebular spectra reveal a blue pseudo-continuum and narrow O i recombination lines associated with magnetar heating. Radio observations rule out strong CSM interactions as the dominant energy source at +266 days post peak. Near-IR observations at +200–300 days reveal carbon monoxide and dust formation, which causes a dramatic optical light-curve dip. Pair-instability explosion models predict slow light curve and spectral features incompatible with observations. SN 2020wnt is best explained as a magnetar-powered core-collapse explosion of a 28 M
⊙ pre-SN star. The explosion kinetic energy is significantly larger than the magnetar energy at peak, effectively concealing the magnetar-heated inner ejecta until well after peak. SN 2020wnt falls into a continuum between normal SNe Ic and SLSNe I, and demonstrates that optical spectra at peak alone cannot rule out the presence of a central engine.
A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect
Authors: Tristan Isaiah I. , Notsu Yuta , Kowalski Adam F. , Brown Alexander , Wisniewski John P. , Osten Rachel A. , Vrijmoet Eliot H. , White Graeme L. , Carter Brad D. , Grady Carol A. , Henry Todd J. , Hinojosa Rodrigo H. , Lomax Jamie R. , Neff James E. , Paredes Leonardo A. , Soutter Jack
Published: June 2023

We present light curves and flares from a 7 day, multiwavelength observational campaign of AU Mic, a young and active dM1e star with exoplanets and a debris disk. We report on 73 unique flares between the X-ray to optical data. We use high-time-resolution near-UV (NUV) photometry and soft X-ray (SXR) data from the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission to study the empirical Neupert effect, which correlates the gradual and impulsive phase flaring emissions. We find that 65% (30 of 46) flares do not follow the Neupert effect, which is 3 times more excursions than seen in solar flares, and propose a four-part Neupert effect classification (Neupert, quasi-Neupert, non-Neupert types I and II) to explain the multiwavelength responses. While the SXR emission generally lags behind the NUV as expected from the chromospheric evaporation flare models, the Neupert effect is more prevalent in larger, more impulsive flares. Preliminary flaring rate analysis with X-ray and U-band data suggests that previously estimated energy ratios hold for a collection of flares observed over the same time period, but not necessarily for an individual, multiwavelength flare. These results imply that one model cannot explain all stellar flares and care should be taken when extrapolating between wavelength regimes. Future work will expand wavelength coverage using radio data to constrain the nonthermal empirical and theoretical Neupert effects to better refine models and bridge the gap between stellar and solar flare physics.
HD 222925: A New Opportunity to Explore the Astrophysical and Nuclear Conditions of r-process Sites
Authors: Holmbeck Erika M. , Surman Rebecca , Roederer Ian U. , McLaughlin G. C. , Frebel Anna
Published: June 2023

With the most trans-iron elements detected of any star outside the solar system, HD 222925 represents the most complete chemical inventory among metal-poor stars enhanced with elements made by the rapid neutron capture (“r”) process. As such, HD 222925 may be a new “template” for the observational r-process, where before the (much higher-metallicity) solar r-process residuals were used. In this work, we test under which conditions a single site accounts for the entire elemental r-process abundance pattern of HD 222925. We found that several of our tests—with the single exception of the black hole–neutron star merger case—challenge the single-site assumption by producing an ejecta distribution that is highly constrained, in disagreement with simulation predictions. However, we found that ejecta distributions that are more in line with simulations can be obtained under the condition that the nuclear data near the second r-process peak are changed. Therefore, for HD 222925 to be a canonical r-process template likely as a product of a single astrophysical source, the nuclear data need to be reevaluated. The new elemental abundance pattern of HD 222925—including the abundances obtained from space-based, ultraviolet (UV) data—call for a deeper understanding of both astrophysical r-process sites and nuclear data. Similar UV observations of additional r-process–enhanced stars will be required to determine whether the elemental abundance pattern of HD 222925 is indeed a canonical template (or an outlier) for the r-process at low metallicity.
A Spectroscopic Model of the Type Ia Supernova–Host-galaxy Mass Correlation from SALT3
Authors: Jones D. O. , Kenworthy W. D. , Dai M. , Foley R. J. , Kessler R. , Pierel J. D. R. , Siebert M. R.
Published: June 2023

The unknown cause of the correlation between Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) Hubble residuals and their host-galaxy masses (the “mass step”) may bias cosmological parameter measurements. To better understand the mass step, we develop a SALT3 light-curve model for SN cosmology that uses the host-galaxy masses of 296 low-redshift SNe Ia to derive a spectral energy distribution–host-galaxy mass relationship. The resulting model has larger Ca ii H and K, Ca ii near-infrared triplet, and Si ii equivalent widths for SNe in low-mass host galaxies at 2.2–2.7σ significance; this indicates higher explosion energies per unit mass in low-mass-hosted SNe. The model has phase-dependent changes in SN Ia colors as a function of host mass, indicating intrinsic differences in mean broadband light curves. Although the model provides a better fit to the SN data overall, it does not substantially reduce data–model residuals for a typical light curve in our sample nor does it significantly reduce Hubble residual dispersion. This is because we find that previous SALT models parameterized most host-galaxy dependencies with their first principal component, although they failed to model some significant spectral variations. Our new model is luminosity and cosmology independent, and applying it to data reduces the mass step by 0.021 ± 0.002 mag (uncertainty accounts for correlated data sets); these results indicate that ∼35% of the mass step can be attributed to luminosity-independent effects. This SALT model version could be trained using alternative host-galaxy properties and at different redshifts, and therefore will be a tool for understanding redshift-dependent correlations between SNe Ia and their host properties as well as their impact on cosmological parameter measurements.
X-Ray and Ultraviolet Emission of the Young Planet-hosting Star V1298 Tau from Coordinated Observations with XMM-Newton and Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Maggio A. , Pillitteri I. , Argiroffi C. , Benatti S. , Sanz-Forcada J. , D’Orazi V. , Biazzo K. , Borsa F. , Cabona L. , Claudi R. , Desidera S. , Locci D. , Nardiello D. , Mancini L. , Micela G. , Rainer M. , Spinelli R. , Bignamini A. , Damasso M.
Published: June 2023

Atmospheric mass loss plays a major role in the evolution of exoplanets. This process is driven by the stellar high-energy irradiation, especially in the first hundreds of millions of years after dissipation of the proto-planetary disk. A major source of uncertainty in modeling atmospheric photoevaporation and photochemistry is due to the lack of direct measurements of the stellar flux at extreme-UV (EUV) wavelengths. Several empirical relationships have been proposed in the past to link EUV fluxes to emission levels in X-rays, but the stellar samples employed for this aim are heterogeneous, and the available scaling laws provide significantly different predictions, especially for very active stars. We present new far-UV and X-ray observations of V1298 Tau with Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and XMM-Newton, aimed to determine more accurately the high-energy emission of this solar-mass pre-main-sequence star, which hosts four exoplanets. Spectroscopic data were employed to derive the plasma emission measure distribution versus temperature, from the chromosphere to the corona, and the possible variability of this irradiation on short and year-long timescales, due to magnetic activity. As a side result, we have also measured the chemical abundances of several elements in the outer atmosphere of V1298 Tau. We employ our results as a new benchmark point for the calibration of the X-ray to EUV scaling laws, and hence to predict the time evolution of the irradiation in the EUV band, and its effect on the evaporation of exo-atmospheres.
A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): A First Look at the Rest-frame Optical Spectra of z > 6.5 Quasars Using JWST
Authors: Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Hennawi Joseph F. , Barth Aaron J. , Bañados Eduardo , Sun Fengwu , Liu Weizhe , Cai Zheng , Jiang Linhua , Li Zihao , Onoue Masafusa , Schindler Jan-Torge , Shen Yue , Wu Yunjing , Bhowmick Aklant K. , Bieri Rebekka , Blecha Laura , Bosman Sarah , Champagne Jaclyn B. , Colina Luis , Connor Thomas , Costa Tiago , Davies Frederick B. , Decarli Roberto , De Rosa Gisella , Drake Alyssa B. , Egami Eiichi , Eilers Anna-Christina , Evans Analis E. , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Habouzit Melanie , Haiman Zoltan , Jin Xiangyu , Jun Hyunsung D. , Kakiichi Koki , Khusanova Yana , Kulkarni Girish , Loiacono Federica , Lupi Alessandro , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Pan Zhiwei , Rojas-Ruiz Sofía , Strauss Michael A. , Tee Wei Leong , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Trebitsch Maxime , Venemans Bram , Vestergaard Marianne , Volonteri Marta , Walter Fabian , Xie Zhang-Liang , Yue Minghao , Zhang Haowen , Zhang Huanian , Zou Siwei
Published: June 2023

Studies of rest-frame optical emission in quasars at z > 6 have historically been limited by the wavelengths accessible by ground-based telescopes. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) now offers the opportunity to probe this emission deep into the reionization epoch. We report the observations of eight quasars at z > 6.5 using the JWST/NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy as a part of the “A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE)” program. Our JWST spectra cover the quasars’ emission between rest frame ∼4100 and 5100 Å. The profiles of these quasars’ broad Hβ emission lines span a full width at half maximum from 3000 to 6000 km s−1. The Hβ-based virial black hole (BH) masses, ranging from 0.6 to 2.1 billion solar masses, are generally consistent with their Mg ii-based BH masses. The new measurements based on the more reliable Hβ tracer thus confirm the existence of a billion solar-mass BHs in the reionization epoch. In the observed [O iii] λ
λ 4960,5008 doublets of these luminous quasars, broad components are more common than narrow core components (≤ 1200 km s−1), and only one quasar shows stronger narrow components than broad. Two quasars exhibit significantly broad and blueshifted [O iii] emission, thought to trace galactic-scale outflows, with median velocities of −610 and −1430 km s−1 relative to the [C ii] 158 μm line. All eight quasars show strong optical Fe ii emission and follow the eigenvector 1 relations defined by low-redshift quasars. The entire ASPIRE program will eventually cover 25 quasars and provide a statistical sample for the studies of the BHs and quasar spectral properties.
The Dynamic Evolution of Multipoint Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed with BepiColombo, Tianwen-1, and MAVEN
Authors: Chi Yutian , Shen Chenglong , Liu Junyan , Zhong Zhihui , Owens Mathew , Scott Christopher , Barnard Luke , Yu Bingkun , Heyner Daniel , Auster Hans-Ulrich , Richter Ingo , Wang Yuming , Zhang Tielong , Guo Jingnan , Sánchez-Cano Beatriz , Pan Zonghao , Zou Zhuxuan , Xu Mengjiao , Cheng Long , Su Zhenpeng , Mao Dongwei , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Can , Wu Zhiyong , Wang Guoqiang , Xiao Sudong , Liu Kai , Hao Xinjun , Li Yiren , Chen Manming , Lockwood Mike
Published: June 2023

We present two multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) detected by the Tianwen-1 and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft at Mars and the BepiColombo (0.56 au ∼0.67 au) upstream of Mars from 2021 December 5 to 31. This is the first time that BepiColombo is used as an upstream solar wind monitor ahead of Mars and that Tianwen-1 is used to investigate the magnetic field characteristics of ICMEs at Mars. The Heliospheric Upwind Extrapolation time model was used to connect the multiple in situ observations and the coronagraph observations from STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO. The first fast coronal mass ejection event (∼761.2 km s−1), which erupted on December 4, impacted Mars centrally and grazed BepiColombo by its western flank. The ambient slow solar wind decelerated the west flank of the ICME, implying that the ICME event was significantly distorted by the solar wind structure. The second slow ICME event (∼390.7 km s−1) underwent an acceleration from its eruption to a distance within 0.69 au and then traveled with the constant velocity of the ambient solar wind. These findings highlight the importance of background solar wind in determining the interplanetary evolution and global morphology of ICMEs up to Mars distance. Observations from multiple locations are invaluable for space weather studies at Mars and merit more exploration in the future.
Search for an Isotropic Gravitational-wave Background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
Authors: Reardon Daniel J. , Zic Andrew , Shannon Ryan M. , Hobbs George B. , Bailes Matthew , Di Marco Valentina , Kapur Agastya , Rogers Axl F. , Thrane Eric , Askew Jacob , Bhat N. D. Ramesh , Cameron Andrew , Curyło Małgorzata , Coles William A. , Dai Shi , Goncharov Boris , Kerr Matthew , Kulkarni Atharva , Levin Yuri , Lower Marcus E. , Manchester Richard N. , Mandow Rami , Miles Matthew T. , Nathan Rowina S. , Osłowski Stefan , Russell Christopher J. , Spiewak Renée , Zhang Songbo , Zhu Xing-Jiang
Published: June 2023

Pulsar timing arrays aim to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). A background of GWs modulates pulsar arrival times and manifests as a stochastic process, common to all pulsars, with a signature spatial correlation. Here we describe a search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using observations of 30 millisecond pulsars from the third data release of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA), which spans 18 yr. Using current Bayesian inference techniques we recover and characterize a common-spectrum noise process. Represented as a strain spectrum

h

c

=
A

(
f

/

1

yr

−
1

)

α

, we measure

A
=

3.1

−
0.9

+
1.3

×

10

−
15

and α = −0.45 ± 0.20, respectively (median and 68% credible interval). For a spectral index of α = −2/3, corresponding to an isotropic background of GWs radiated by inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries, we recover an amplitude of

A
=

2.04

−
0.22

+
0.25

×

10

−
15

. However, we demonstrate that the apparent signal strength is time-dependent, as the first half of our data set can be used to place an upper limit on A that is in tension with the inferred common-spectrum amplitude using the complete data set. We search for spatial correlations in the observations by hierarchically analyzing individual pulsar pairs, which also allows for significance validation through randomizing pulsar positions on the sky. For a process with α = −2/3, we measure spatial correlations consistent with a GWB, with an estimated false-alarm probability of p ≲ 0.02 (approx. 2σ). The long timing baselines of the PPTA and the access to southern pulsars will continue to play an important role in the International Pulsar Timing Array.
An Observational Upper Limit on the Rate of Gamma-Ray Bursts with Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger Progenitors
Authors: Biscoveanu Sylvia , Burns Eric , Landry Philippe , Vitale Salvatore
Published: June 2023

Compact-object binary mergers consisting of one neutron star and one black hole (NSBHs) have long been considered promising progenitors for gamma-ray bursts, whose central engine remains poorly understood. Using gravitational-wave constraints on the population-level NSBH mass and spin distributions we find that at most 20 Gpc−3 yr−1 of gamma-ray bursts in the local universe can have NSBH progenitors.
Micromorphology and analysis of dentin surfaces after preparation with Er:YAG laser and application of self-etch adhesive system with 10-MDP. A confocal laser scanning microscope study
Authors: Simeonov Nikolay , Stefanova Vesela
Published: June 2023

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the micromorphology of the hybrid layer and the dentinal surface when the dentin was prepared with an Er:YAG laser or burs, and to find if there was any difference if the time of application of the self-etching primer on the dentin prepared with an Er:YAG laser was doubled.

Materials and methods: Fifteen freshly extracted human teeth with preserved crowns were selected. Three cavities were prepared on each extracted tooth. Two of the cavities were prepared with an Er:YAG dental laser, and the third with burs. A self-etching adhesive system was applied. The primer of the adhesive was labeled with Rhodamine B, and the bond was labeled with fluorescein prior to application. The teeth were sectioned mesiodistally through the cavities and the cavity of each sample was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The infiltration and micromorphology were determined qualitatively on ninety samples.

Results: The dentinal surface in the samples prepared with burs was smoother and with shorter resin tags than the surface prepared with an Er:YAG laser. When using an Er:YAG laser for preparation, crater-like irregularities of the surface were observed. In five of the samples prepared with burs, no resin tags were found. We could not detect any difference in the hybrid layer when the time of application of the adhesive system was increased.

Conclusions: The clinical significance of the tag length and quality, as well as the infiltration ratio, needs to be further studied.
Are insects a good source of protein for humans?
Authors: Malla N. , Roos N.
Published: June 2023

When insects are introduced as a novel protein source in human diets, we need to understand the protein quality to compare their nutritional value with other foods. Protein quality assessment methods are based on evaluation of the ability of the protein to meet the amino acid (AA) requirements of the human body. Most available data comes from animal models, either in rats or pigs. The limited available data supports edible insects as a high-quality protein source for human consumption. The farmed insect species considered relevant as an alternative protein source are generally of good quality, and the protein quality of the vast diversity of insect species harvested from the wild across continents are likely to be sources of good quality, though this remains to be assessed. For methodological considerations, the recommended DIAAS (digestible indispensable AA score) method relies on accurately determining the total protein content. When determining total protein based on total nitrogen (N), using the standard conversion factor of 6.25 which disregards the non-protein N in insects, the protein quality is underestimated in comparison with other animal-source foods, such as meat and dairy.
Product of H-Toeplitz operator and Toeplitz operator on the Bergman space
Authors: Ding Qian , Chen Yong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we characterize when the product of two H-Toeplitz operators to be another H-Toeplitz with one general and another quasihomogeneous symbols. Also, we describe the product of H-Toeplitz operator and Toeplitz operator to be another H-Toeplitz with certain harmonic symbols.
A new algorithm to compute fuzzy subgroups of a finite group
Authors: Farooq Adeel , Hussain Musawwar , Yousaf Muhammad , Al-Kenani Ahmad N.
Published: June 2023

The enumeration of fuzzy subgroups is a complex problem. Several authors have computed results for special instances of groups. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm that is designed to enumerate the fuzzy subgroups of a finite group. This is achieved through the computation of maximal chains of subgroups. This approach is also useful for writing a program to compute the number of fuzzy subgroups. We provide further elucidation by computing the number of fuzzy subgroups of the groups $ Q_8 $ and $ D_8 $.
Perceived Preparedness of School Practitioners to Identify and Report Child Maltreatment
Authors: Pietrantoni Zachary , Chitiyo Jonathan , Chitiyo Argnue , Peña Janet Quintero , Fernandez Karen
Published: June 2023

Child maltreatment continues to be a significant problem across the globe. Despite the many negative outcomes of child maltreatment documented in the literature, there is limited research on how school practitioners are prepared for identifying and reporting cases of maltreatment. This study examined school practitioners’ preparedness for reporting and identifying child maltreatment. Participants were a random sample of 141 school practitioners from California and Pennsylvania. Data were collected over a 6-week period via an anonymous internet survey. Overall, results indicate that most school practitioners had mixed perceptions about their ability to identify and report maltreatment. Interpretations of the data are provided with recommendations for collaborative preservice training and in-service training approaches. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.
Littératie algorithmique et pratiques médiatiques des jeunes à Bruxelles
Authors: Malcorps Sylvain , Claes Arnaud , Philippette Thibault , Dufrasne Marie
Published: June 2023

Jouant un rôle indéniable dans l’accès à l’information, les algorithmes de recommandation visent à faciliter la navigation des usagers en leur recommandant les contenus les plus « pertinents » selon une série de critères sélectionnés par leurs concepteurs. En même temps, ces dispositifs participent au fonctionnement économique de ces plateformes en favorisant la captation et la rétention de l’attention des usagers de ces services. Il apparaît dès lors crucial de mieux comprendre les enjeux sociaux que posent ces technologies. Dans la mesure où le public des jeunes Bruxellois s’informe principalement par le biais des réseaux socionumériques, le projet ALG-OPINION s’est intéressé à la manière dont ils se représentent le fonctionnement de ces technologies ainsi qu'aux pratiques médiatiques qu'ils développent à leur contact. En voulant s'intéresser aux spécificités des pratiques de jeunes utilisateurs bruxellois, les travaux présentés dans cet article apportent une interprétation plus fine des relations effectives qu'entretiennent ces publics avec des technologies algorithmiques du quotidien. Cet article se conclut sur l'exploration de pistes d'éducation aux médias attentives à ces observations.
De la secció de diari al recull d’articles. El procés de reescriptura d’El dia del senyor de Quim Monzó
Authors: Hernàndez i Garcia Xavier
Published: June 2023

El present treball compara els articles publicats per Quim Monzó durant els inicis dels anys huitanta al diari Avui i les seues versions publicades en el recull El dia del senyor de 1984. El pas de la premsa periòdica al volum d’articles comporta un procés de reescriptura que va des de la correcció d’errades ortogràfiques a l’excisió o adhesió massiva de text. Monzó, que es confessa obsessionat pel procés revisionista, canvia els títols d’alguns articles, elimina incisos i paraules sobreres, incorpora fórmules per a fer més clars i comprensibles els textos i, fins i tot, inclou informació nova per tal de puntualitzar les idees expressades anteriorment. En aquest sentit, convé destacar les notes al peu, que introdueix en dos dels articles del recull amb l’excusa de respondre als suggeriments d’un lector, i que li permeten rectificar i incloure nou contingut sense reelaborar ni contradir el text original.
Analysis of the Sustainable Development Concepts in the Logistics Industry
Authors: Bugarčić Filip Ž. , Mićić Vladimir
Published: June 2023

The chapter aims to review the existing concepts of the sustainable development within the logistics industry, analyze them, and provide recommendations for further improvement. Special emphasis is placed on the concept of green logistics, together with perspectives on future development in this area. Great potential in solving the sustainability problem is identified in the concept of circular economy and reverse logistics, whose elements and potentials are discussed in detail. The chapter provides answers to the research questions: RQ1: What are the potential ways to improve the sustainability of the logistics sector? and RQ2: What are the risks and threats to implementing sustainable logistics? A key contribution is reflected in the conception of the SWOT matrix for applying the concept of green logistics, highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for the implementation of this concept based on the literature review and current experience.
Information Literacy Skill for Accessing Electronic Resources Among the Faculty Members in the Institutions in Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Radhakrishnan S.
Published: June 2023

The study analyses the information literacy skill for accessing electronic resources among the faculty members in the institutions in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nādu. The result of the study showed about 84 (27.18%) of the respondents had their information literacy skill through orientation, 41 (13.26%) had theirs through tutorial, 49 (15.85%) and 38 (12.29%) had theirs seminars and workshop while 21 (06.79%) had one-on-one discussion. The totally 309 respondents the majority of 136(44.017%) of the respondents were highly satisfied with finding the relevant information from Institutions in Kancheepuram District in Tamil Nādu. The majority of the respondents 118 (24.05%) have noticed that using e-journals made it easier for them to complete research-related tasks and publish their findings in journals and conference proceedings.
Accessing E-Content on Excel
Authors: Prasad M.
Published: June 2023

The study analyses the information literacy skills with access e- contents among faculty members in the deemed universities in Chennai, India. The chapter has shown that a majority of 97.38% of the respondents have been aware of the information literacy skill about access of e-documents. The result shows SRM University and Sathiyabama University have respondents of each 130 (34.21%), 85 (22.36%) respondents are belonging to St. Peters University, 35(9.22%) respondents are from Crescent University. Out of 380 respondents, it is seen that 210 (55.26) respondents are extremely satisfied on OPAC/Web OPAC. 205(53.90) respondents are extremely satisfied with e-databases, 192(50.52) respondents are extremely satisfied on automated circulation services. The majority of respondents are extremely satisfied with the OPAC/Web OPAC (55.26%) provided by university library followed by e-databases (53.90%).
Social Justice Pedagogy and Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL)
Authors: Slapac Alina , Collett Karen , Wessels Frances Joan , Gamiet Gasant , Knudsmoen Hege
Published: June 2023

Drawing on reflections by five lecturers involved in two collaborative online international learning (COIL) pilot interventions, this chapter aims at highlighting key learnings and challenges related to implementation of virtual mobility to engage students in online learning across institutions and continents to enhance global teaching. From the lecturers' perspectives, it will explore themes related to social justice pedagogy, global teaching and internationalization at home. The authors draw on Nancy Fraser's notions of social justice and participatory parity to reflect upon intercultural or global engagement in their COIL programs. They conclude with solutions and recommendations to strengthen participatory parity and social justice pedagogy in COIL programs focused on teacher development.
Linguistic Challenges in Geometry
Authors: Segerby Cecilia
Published: June 2023

In previous research, geometry has been revealed as an issue for many students. For the students to grasp the area of geometry, the students need specific reading skills since much of the texts are multimodal. However, studies examining students' reading strategies when approaching mathematical texts barely exist. In this chapter, a study is presented concerning 18 students with different achievement levels in Grades 1, 4, and 7 reading strategies when approaching the mathematical content geometry in their mathematical textbook. The theoretical framework that informs the study is a coordination of the reciprocal teaching model and systemic functional linguistics. Before the study is presented, the complexity of mathematical texts in geometry is discussed. The chapter ends with solutions and recommendations for teaching activities to support the students' reading skills in geometry and, thereby, their mathematical knowledge.
Playing With Differences
Authors: Suresh Sruthi , Vijaya R.
Published: June 2023

Inclusivity is a key indicator for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. At the school level, bullying mars the appreciation of individual differences and acts as a barrier to inclusivity. The use of social-emotional learning is recommended to promote inclusivity and reduce bullying. Play is an enjoyable form of learning social-emotional skills for all age groups. It is also known to promote positive peer relationships and enable learners to develop a wide range of skills. Hence, educators can incorporate play through digital pedagogical tools and grade-wise play activities to engage students. Resultantly, learners can become emotionally intelligent individuals, sensitive to and respectful of differences.
Investigation of the Flow Fields of Coaxial Co-Rotating and Counter-Rotating Rotors in Hover Using Measurements and Simulations
Authors: Platzer Stefan , Hajek Manfred , Mortimer Patrick , Sirohi Jayant , Rauleder Juergen
Published: June 2023

The flow fields of a 2-m diameter two-bladed single rotor, a 2× 2-bladed coaxial corotating (stacked) rotor, and a 2× 2-bladed coaxial counterrotating (CCR) rotor in hover were measured using particle image velocimetry and computed using a finitevolume unsteady Reynolds-averaged
Navier–Stokes (URANS) CFD model. Phase-resolved measurements were performed on the stacked rotor at nine azimuthal locations, and time-resolved measurements were performed on the CCR rotor at 64/rev with at least 500 flow realizations per azimuth for each operating condition. The goal
of this study was to compare the flow features of these rotor configurations and explore the interactions between the rotors. Overall, there was good correlation between the measurements and simulations. In particular, the effect of index angle on the upper and lower rotor thrust sharing for
the stacked rotor was predicted well by the simulation. The slipstream boundary for the stacked rotor was found to vary with the index angle. The slipstream boundary and vortex trajectories for the CCR rotor were found to vary with azimuthal location, indicating the effect of blade passage
on the wake geometry. Simulations indicated a stronger dependence of the tip vortex trajectory on the index angle and thrust for the stacked rotor compared to the CCR rotor. The radial thrust distribution along the upper blades was found to depend on the index angle for the stacked rotor and
showed small variation due to blade passage for the CCR rotor. A larger azimuthal dependence was seen for the radial thrust distribution on the lower rotor blades, primarily due to the proximity of the upper rotor tip vortices. The lower rotor radial thrust distribution was biased towards
the blade tip, outside the upper rotor slipstream.
Elective hinge and polyethylene exchange for lower limb tumor endoprostheses: Is it a good idea?
Authors: Chan May F , Chan Lester W M , Cheng Mathew H W
Published: June 2023

Background

Long-term survival of endoprosthetic implants is a major concern, with reported 20-year survival rates of lower limb tumor endoprostheses at only 25–38%. Mechanical failure of polyethylene (PE)-bearing surfaces may result in irreversible damage and contribute to osteolysis and aseptic loosening. The practice in our institution is to electively change replaceable parts of lower limb endoprosthesis ~7 years after index surgery.

Patients and methods

From 2014 to 2019, five patients underwent an elective change of parts at an average of 7 years from the initial surgery. All patients had rotating-hinge implants including one proximal tibia, three distal femurs, and one total femur prosthesis. Three had a fixed-poly (FP) with a rotating femur (Stryker GMRS), and two had a rotating mobile polyethylene (MP) design (Zimmer ZSS).

PE liners, hinge pin protectors, and bushings were retrieved for analysis. The parts were examined for macroscopic wear and under a light microscope at up to 40 times magnification. Linear wear was measured at standardized points.

Results

There were no major perioperative complications. MP inserts showed minimal burnishing. FP liners showed macroscopically visible surface pitting and posterior edge delamination. Submillimeter linear wear was noted on PE liners, bushings, and hinge pin protectors, with minimal evidence of macroscopic wear.

Conclusion

Elective PE exchange is a possible option for extending the longevity of tumor endoprostheses. The optimal timing of surgery is to be determined. Our retrieval study suggests that 7 years is appropriate for the FP design but may be early for the MP design. Further studies are required to determine implant survival benefits.