bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment load forecasting from a biomimetic optimization perspective: Firefly and Artificial Bee Colony algorithms empowered neural network modeling in Çoruh River
Authors: Katipoğlu Okan Mert , Kartal Veysi , Pande Chaitanya Baliram
Published: July 2024

The service life of downstream dams, river hydraulics, waterworks construction, and reservoir management is significantly affected by the amount of sediment load (SL). This study combined models such as the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm with the Firefly algorithm (FA) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization techniques for the estimation of monthly SL values in the Çoruh River in Northeastern Turkey. The estimation of SL values was achieved using inputs of previous SL and streamflow values provided to the models. Various statistical metrics were used to evaluate the accuracy of the established hybrid and stand-alone models. The hybrid model is a novel approach for estimating sediment load based on various input variables. The results of the analysis determined that the ABC-ANN hybrid approach outperformed others in SL estimation. In this study, two combinations, M1 and M2, with different input variables, were used to assess the model's accuracy, and the best-performing model for monthly SL estimation was identified. Two scenarios, Q(t) and Q(t − 1), were coupled with the ABC-ANN algorithm, resulting in a highly effective hybrid approach with the best accuracy results (R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 1406.730, MAE = 769.545, MAPE = 5.861, MBE =  − 251.090, Bias Factor =  − 4.457, and KGE = 0.737) compared to other models. Furthermore, the utilization of FA and ABC optimization techniques facilitated the optimization of the ANN model parameters. The significant results demonstrated that the optimization and hybrid techniques provided the most effective outcomes in forecasting SL for both combination scenarios. As a result, the prediction outputs achieved higher accuracy than those of a stand-alone ANN model. The findings of this study can provide essential resources to various managers and policymakers for the management of water resources.
A unified representation framework for the evaluation of Optical Music Recognition systems
Authors: Torras Pau , Biswas Sanket , Fornés Alicia
Published: July 2024

Modern-day Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is a fairly fragmented field. Most OMR approaches use datasets that are independent and incompatible between each other, making it difficult to both combine them and compare recognition systems built upon them. In this paper we identify the need of a common music representation language and propose the Music Tree Notation format, with the idea to construct a common endpoint for OMR research that allows coordination, reuse of technology and fair evaluation of community efforts. This format represents music as a set of primitives that group together into higher-abstraction nodes, a compromise between the expression of fully graph-based and sequential notation formats. We have also developed a specific set of OMR metrics and a typeset score dataset as a proof of concept of this idea.
Augmented reality navigation in external ventricular drain insertion—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buwaider Ali , El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Iop Alessandro , Romero Mario , C Jean Walter , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian
Published: July 2024

External ventricular drain (EVD) insertion using the freehand technique is often associated with misplacements resulting in unfavorable outcomes. Augmented Reality (AR) has been increasingly used to complement conventional neuronavigation. The accuracy of AR guided EVD insertion has been investigated in several studies, on anthropomorphic phantoms, cadavers, and patients. This review aimed to assess the current knowledge and discuss potential benefits and challenges associated with AR guidance in EVD insertion. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2023 for studies evaluating the accuracy of AR guidance for EVD insertion. Studies were screened for eligibility and accuracy data was extracted. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. Accuracy was reported either as the average deviation from target or according to the Kakarla grading system. Of the 497 studies retrieved, 14 were included for analysis. All included studies were prospectively designed. Insertions were performed on anthropomorphic phantoms, cadavers, or patients, using several different AR devices and interfaces. Deviation from target ranged between 0.7 and 11.9 mm. Accuracy according to the Kakarla grading scale ranged between 82 and 96%. Accuracy was higher for AR compared to the freehand technique in all studies that had control groups. Current evidence demonstrates that AR is more accurate than free-hand technique for EVD insertion. However, studies are few, the technology developing, and there is a need for further studies on patients in relevant clinical settings.
Evidence That Pervasive Body Gaze Behavior in Heterosexual Men Is a Social Marker for Implicit, Physiological, and Explicit Sexual Assault Propensities
Authors: Hollett Ross C. , West Hannah , Craig Candice , Marns Lorna , McCue James
Published: July 2024

Deliberate and effortful attempts to gaze at the bodies of women is emerging as a valuable marker of sexual objectification in men. Some preliminary evidence suggests that pervasive body gaze behavior may also accompany insidious attitudes which can facilitate sexual assault. The present study aimed to further explore this potential by examining pervasive body gaze associations with explicit, implicit, and physiological sexual assault propensity measures. We presented 110 heterosexual male participants with images of fully and partially dressed women with and without injuries while measuring their skin conductance responses. We also captured implicit and explicit sexual assault measures in addition to self-reported pervasive body gaze behavior. Pervasive body gaze behavior was significantly correlated with rape myth acceptance attitudes, prior perpetration of sexual assault, a stronger implicit association between erotica and aggression, and lower physiological reactivity during exposure to partially dressed injured women. These findings suggest that body gaze towards women could be a behavioral marker for inclinations to victim blame, preferences for rough sexual conduct, and a physiological desensitization towards female victims. This study further validates a five item self-reported body gaze measure as a valuable tool for detecting deviant sexual objectification attitudes and affective states. As such, measurement and observation of body gaze behavior could be useful for developing risk assessments, estimating intervention efficacy, and enhancing public awareness.
Research horizons for invasive marine species detection with eDNA/eRNA
Authors: Jarman Simon , Ackermann Fran , Marnane Michael , Berry Oliver , Bunce Michael , Dawkins Kathryn , Furlan Elise , Lukehurst Sherralee , McDonald Justin , Pochon Xavier , Wilkinson Shaun , Zaiko Anastasija , Harvey Euan
Published: July 2024

The global marine ecosystem is changing rapidly as the result of biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem structure being altered by industrial civilization. Invasive marine species (IMS) are one of the most damaging regional consequences of human activity, and one of the most easily attributable to specific processes. This makes IMS introduction one of most tractable threats for management by appropriate policies. Once established, a different set of policies are required either to restrict IMS spread, or to attempt local eradication. The key ecosystem management tool for IMS damage mitigation is rapid, widely deployable IMS detection. Environmental Nucleic Acids (eNA), combining environmental DNA (eDNA) and environmental RNA (eRNA) analyses, have emerged as valuable tools for sensitive, cost-effective and readily deployable detection of IMS. Methods for IMS detection by eNA are still being developed through a widespread and active research community, so identifying the limitations of current processes will help prioritise eNA-based IMS detection research. We analysed and synthesised the opinions of expert marine ecosystem managers and researchers in Australia and New Zealand about the knowledge gaps and research needs for eNA-based IMS detection. This synthesis was placed in context with current research literature on what eNA technologies are currently providing as an IMS management tool; what problems exist with the current technology; and what could be done to improve this general approach. Our analyses produced a list of priorities that chart a path towards the best possible systems for IMS detection by eNA.
Overt and Covert Participation in an Argumentative whole-class Discussion: Spread of Ideas about Quadratic Functions
Authors: Ofri Ofra , Tabach Michal
Published: July 2024

Mathematical ideas are developed and spread during argumentative whole class discussions between a teacher and her students. The goal of the current study is to characterize how ideas about quadratic functions emerge and are spread during a whole-class discussion among ninth graders. To this end, we recorded both discussions between pairs of students and whole-class discussions led by the teacher. We used the approach of documenting collective activities as our methodological lens. The findings show that mathematical ideas about quadratic functions, like positive and negative range, increase and decrease range, minimum or maximum point, intersection with the axes, and more were spread in two parallel layers. Students participated in an overt layer in which they uttered their ideas in a public discussion. At the same time, they also uttered mathematical ideas privately with their peers in a covert layer. That is, whole-class discussions are not identical for all participants in that the covert layer turns these discussions into a unique experience.
Dependency Schemes in CDCL-Based QBF Solving: A Proof-Theoretic Study
Authors: Choudhury Abhimanyu , Mahajan Meena
Published: July 2024

In Quantified Boolean Formulas QBFs, dependency schemes help to detect spurious or superfluous dependencies that are implied by the variable ordering in the quantifier prefix but are not essential for constructing countermodels. This detection can provably shorten refutations in specific proof systems, and is expected to speed up runs of QBF solvers. The proof system $$\texttt{QCDCL}$$
QCDCL
 recently defined by Beyersdorff and Boehm (LMCS 2023) abstracts the reasoning employed by QBF solvers based on conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) techniques. We show how to incorporate the use of dependency schemes into this proof system, either in a preprocessing phase, or in the propagations and clause learning, or both. We then show that when the reflexive resolution path dependency scheme $$\texttt{D}^{\texttt{rrs}}$$

D
rrs

is used, a mixed picture emerges: the proof systems that add $$\texttt{D}^{\texttt{rrs}}$$

D
rrs

to $$\texttt{QCDCL}$$
QCDCL
 in these three ways are not only incomparable with each other, but are also incomparable with the basic $$\texttt{QCDCL}$$
QCDCL
 proof system that does not use $$\texttt{D}^{\texttt{rrs}}$$

D
rrs

at all, as well as with several other resolution-based QBF proof systems. A notable fact is that all our separations are achieved through QBFs with bounded quantifier alternation.
Using XGBoost and SHAP to explain citizens’ differences in policy support for reimposing COVID-19 measures in the Netherlands
Authors: Hernandez Jose Ignacio , van Cranenburgh Sander , de Bruin Marijn , Stok Marijn , Mouter Niek
Published: July 2024

Several studies examined what drives citizens’ support for COVID-19 measures, but no works have addressed how the effects of these drivers are distributed at the individual level. Yet, if significant differences in support are present but not accounted for, policymakers’ interpretations could lead to misleading decisions. In this study, we use XGBoost, a supervised machine learning model, combined with SHAP (Shapley Additive eXplanations) to identify the factors associated with differences in policy support for COVID-19 measures and how such differences are distributed across different citizens and measures. We use secondary data from a Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE) experiment, in which 1,888 Dutch citizens answered which COVID-19 measures should be imposed under four risk scenarios. We identified considerable heterogeneity in citizens’ support for different COVID-19 measures regarding different age groups, the weight given to citizens’ opinions and the perceived risk of getting sick of COVID-19. Data analysis methods employed in previous studies do not reveal such heterogeneity of policy support. Policymakers can use our results to tailor measures further to increase support for specific citizens/measures.
A meta-analysis of the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and renal injury
Authors: Yang Linghong , Liu Bo , Zhao Feimin , Zhou Zhangning
Published: July 2024

Objective

To conduct a meta-analysis on the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and renal injury.

Methods

Literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase and Ovid-Medline databases between the date of database establishment and June 30th 2024. The keywords included obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, renal injury, and correlation. Two researchers 1st independently screened the titles and abstracts based on the eligibility criteria, then extracted the data and evaluated the quality, and used Review Manager 5.3 for data processing. All analysis methods were based on PRISMA.

Results

Finally, 8 studies that matched the inclusion criteria were included, and the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and serum cystatin C was analyzed. The homogeneity test showed (P < 0.01, I2 = 98%), and from the meta-analysis results, it could be known that the level of serum cystatin C in sufferers with OSAS was obviously greater than the control one (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.96–1.28, P < 0.01). The relationship between OSAS and serum creatinine was analyzed, and homogeneity test showed (P < 0.01, I2 = 96%). From the meta analysis result, it could be known that the serum creatinine level of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was obviously greater than the control one (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.85 ~ 1.17, P < 0.01). The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with serum urea nitrogen was analyzed, and homogeneity test showed (P < 0.01, I2 = 91%). From the meta-analysis results, it could be known that serum urea nitrogen of OSAS was obviously greater than the control one (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 01.17 ~ 1.59, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Eight articles have been included to determine the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and renal injury, and it has been found that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is closely related to renal injury, and the two may be risk factors for each other.
Assessing current and future available resources to supply urban water demands using a high-resolution SWAT model coupled with recurrent neural networks and validated through the SIMPA model in karstic Mediterranean environments
Authors: Jodar-Abellan Antonio , Pardo Miguel Ángel , Asadollah Seyed Babak Haji Seyed , Bailey Ryan T.
Published: July 2024

Hydrological simulation in karstic areas is a hard task due to the intrinsic intricacy of these environments and the common lack of data related to their geometry. Hydrological dynamics of karstic sites in Mediterranean semiarid regions are difficult to be modelled mathematically owing to the existence of short wet episodes and long dry periods. In this paper, the suitability of an open-source SWAT method was checked to estimate the comportment of a karstic catchment in a Mediterranean semiarid domain (southeast of Spain), which wet and dry periods were evaluated using box-whisker plots and self-developed wavelet test. A novel expression of the Nash–Sutcliffe index for arid areas (ANSE) was considered through the calibration and validation of SWAT. Both steps were completed with 20- and 10-year discharge records of stream (1996–2015 to calibrate the model as this period depicts minimum gaps and 1985–1995 to validate it). Further, SWAT assessments were made with records of groundwater discharge and relating SWAT outputs with the SIMPA method, the Spain’s national hydrological tool. These methods, along with recurrent neural network algorithms, were utilised to examine current and predicted water resources available to supply urban demands considering also groundwater abstractions from aquifers and the related exploitation index. According to the results, SWAT achieved a “very good” statistical performance (with ANSE of 0.96 and 0.78 in calibration and validation). Spatial distributions of the main hydrological processes, as surface runoff, evapotranspiration and aquifer recharge, were studied with SWAT and SIMPA obtaining similar results over the period with registers (1980–2016). During this period, the decreasing trend of rainfalls, characterised by short wet periods and long dry periods, has generated a progressive reduction of groundwater recharge. According to algorithms prediction (until 2050), this declining trend will continue reducing groundwater available to meet urban demands and increasing the exploitation index of aquifers. These results offer valuable information to authorities for assessing water accessibility and to provide water demands in karstic areas.
Impact of an expert-derived, quick hands-on tool on classifying pulmonary hypertension in chest computed tomography: a study on inexperienced readers using RAPID-CT-PH
Authors: Cereser Lorenzo , Zussino Gaia , Cicciò Carmelo , Tullio Annarita , Montanaro Chiara , Driussi Mauro , Di Poi Emma , Patruno Vincenzo , Zuiani Chiara , Girometti Rossano
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To test the inter-reader agreement in classifying pulmonary hypertension (PH) on chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) between a consensus of two cardio-pulmonary-devoted radiologists (CRc) and inexperienced readers (radiology residents, RRs) when using a CECT-based quick hands-on tool built upon PH imaging literature, i.e., the “Rapid Access and Practical Information Digest on Computed Tomography for PH-RAPID-CT-PH”.

Material and methods

The observational study retrospectively included 60 PH patients who underwent CECT between 2015 and 2022. Four RRs independently reviewed all CECTs and classified each case into one of the five PH groups per the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines. While RR3 and RR4 (RAPID-CT-PH group) used RAPID-CT-PH, RR1 and RR2 (control group) did not. RAPID-CT-PH and control groups’ reports were compared with CRc using unweighted Cohen’s Kappa (k) statistics. RRs’ report completeness and reporting time were also compared using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test.

Results

The inter-reader agreement in classifying PH between the RAPID-CT-PH group and CRc was substantial (k = 0.75 for RR3 and k = 0.65 for RR4); while, it was only moderate for the control group (k = 0.57 for RR1 and k = 0.49 for RR2). Using RAPID-CT-PH resulted in significantly higher report completeness (all p < 0.0001) and significantly lower reporting time (p < 0.0001) compared to the control group.

Conclusion

RRs using RAPID-CT-PH showed a substantial agreement with CRc on CECT-based PH classification. RAPID-CT-PH improved report completeness and reduced reporting time. A quick hands-on tool for classifying PH on chest CECT may help inexperienced radiologists effectively contribute to the PH multidisciplinary team.
Beteiligung älterer Menschen im Forschungs‑ und Entwicklungsprozess von Gesundheitstechnologien
Authors: Pauls Alexander , Koppelin Frauke
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund

In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene Technologien für ältere Menschen entwickelt. Obwohl eine Beteiligung zur Verringerung digitaler Ungleichheiten in möglichst allen Phasen des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses empfohlen wird, geschieht dies in der Praxis häufig unzureichend. Ziel war es, die Erfahrungen von Forschenden hinsichtlich der Beteiligung älterer Menschen zu analysieren. Neben Technologien sollten auch Zugangsstrategien sowie mögliche Barrieren erfragt werden.

Methode

Die Querschnitterhebung wurde mittels einer Online-Befragung zwischen April und Juni 2022 durchgeführt. Zur Verbreitung der Studie wurden verschiedene Ansprechpersonen als Multiplikator*innen aus Forschungsnetzwerken/-projekten, Kliniken, Forschungsinstituten und Autor*innen zu thematisch passenden Veröffentlichungen anhand definierter Kriterien mit unterschiedlichen Schlagwortkombinationen identifiziert und per E‑Mail angeschrieben. Zusätzlich wurde die Studie über relevante Fachgesellschaften verbreitet. Insgesamt wurden 1653 Personen angeschrieben. Das selbstentwickelte Instrument bestand aus 5 Themenbereichen. Die Analyse erfolgte deskriptiv.

Ergebnisse

In die Analyse wurden 92 Fälle eingeschlossen (60,9 % weiblich; Alter 44,3 Jahre). Rückmeldungen kamen aus 11 Bundesländern. Die meisten Personen sind oder waren an Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften tätig. Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen zielten häufig auf eine direkte Intervention ab. Ältere Menschen wurden überwiegend als Befragungsteilnehmende, am Ende des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses und in einzelnen Phasen beteiligt. Der Einsatz von Multiplikator*innen sowie die zielgruppenspezifische Ansprache wurden als erfolgreiche Strategien bewertet.

Diskussion

Trotz des geringen Rücklaufs haben verschiedene Disziplinen teilgenommen. Die Beteiligung älterer Menschen in allen Phasen wurde von knapp einem Viertel der Teilnehmenden umgesetzt. Es wurde eine Vielzahl von Zugangstrategien eingesetzt, aber auch auf Barrieren zu diesem Thema hingewiesen.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse liefern erste Hinweise aus der Sicht der Forschung und Entwicklung in Deutschland. Um digitale Ungleichheiten bei älteren Menschen zu minimieren, ist eine aktive Beteiligung in allen Phasen des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses von großer Bedeutung.
Effects of Direct Aging Heat Treatments on the Superelasticity of Nitinol Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Abrami Maria Beatrice , Tocci Marialaura , Brabazon Dermot , Cabibbo Marcello , Pola Annalisa
Published: July 2024

This work investigates the effects of short-time direct aging heat treatments on the mechanical properties and microstructure of additively manufactured Nitinol (NiTi) alloy. Cylindrical samples were produced through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), directly aged at different temperatures and compared to the solution annealed and aged conditions. Compression tests were carried out at room temperature both in cyclic mode at constant strain and incremental cyclic mode, to provide a comprehensive analysis on the superelastic features of NiTi after direct aging heat treatments. Furthermore, cyclic compression tests were performed at 37 °C to evaluate the superelastic effect at the body temperature and, therefore, the possibility to use these treatments for biomedical components. The effects of direct aging on the microstructure were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High cyclic stability and superelastic recovery up to 10 pct of deformation emerged for the direct aged alloys. The comparable results obtained with and without the solution treatment points out that this step was not necessary in reaching superelasticity, proving the effectiveness of direct aging.
Modeling and Comparison Study of Industrial AC-Arcs
Authors: Haraldsson Hákon Valur , Traustason Halldór , Tesfahunegn Yonatan A. , Tangstad Merete , Saevarsdottir Gudrun
Published: July 2024

Electric arcs are a necessary heat source in many industrial processes that take place in Submerged Arc Furnaces (SAFs). Arcs exhibit non-linear electrical characteristics and behave in a complex manner. Therefore, an improved understanding of their behavior enables better control of furnace operation. Modeling of industrial arcs is a multiphysics process that involves simultaneously solving several coupled physical phenomena, such as electromagnetics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer, including a radiative heat transfer from the plasma arc. Coupling fluid dynamics and electromagnetics is known as Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). For practical applications, however, there are also simpler approaches to arc modeling, either based on simplified physical principles or empirical behavior. In this paper, a combined Cassie–Mayr model (CMM) and a channel arc model (CAM) are implemented and coupled with a submerged arc furnace electrical circuit model. The complete circuit model parameters such as resistances and inductances are estimated using modeling of a full size furnace, and then, actual measurements from a SAF are used to validate the models by comparing current and voltage waveform. Both models are then used to estimate harmonic distortion in a SAF for different arc current ratios, which should help operators to estimate the arc current in real time thus be able to lower and raise the electrode to keep operating conditions constant.
Genome Editing Dilemma: Navigating Dual-Use Potential and Charting the Path Forward
Authors: Badea Ana Ruxandra , Feeney Oliver
Published: July 2024

Contemporary genome editing techniques have made genomic intervention—from microorganism to human—more accessible, easier to use, and more accurate than previous methods. We argue that, notwithstanding its merits in treating and preventing disease in humans, genome editing represents a potential threat for domestic and international security, requiring an integrated approach in regulating, detecting, preventing, and mitigating the risk of its use for malicious purposes. Despite the global regulatory ambitions of the 2021 WHO framework, we see insufficient attention given to the future prospect of dual-use genomic technology. Drawing parallels with the nuclear field, we suggest tentative practical steps for a way forward in dealing with genome editing technologies, such as: 1) adapting national (bio)security and defence strategies to include genome editing as a possible threat (with conceivable WMD potential); 2) enhancing the international dialogue on genome editing and raising the issue at the highest level; 3) working towards a global, legally binding verification mechanism; 4) tracking genome editing technologies.
Prevalence and determinants of sleep problems in cancer survivors compared to a normative population: a PROFILES registry study
Authors: David Charles , Beijer Sandra , Mols Floortje , Oerlemans Simone , Husson Olga , Weijenberg Matty P , Ezendam Nicole PM
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To (1) identify the prevalence of sleep problems in cancer survivors across cancer types and survivorship durations compared to a normative population and (2) determine demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and psychosocial determinants.

Method

Cancer survivors diagnosed between 2008 and 2015 (N = 6736) and an age- and sex-matched normative cohort (n = 415) completed the single sleep item of the EORTC QLQ-C30: Have you had trouble sleeping? Participants who responded with “quite a bit”/ “very much” were categorized as poor sleepers. A hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was used to identify determinants of sleep problems.

Result

The prevalence of sleep problems was higher in cancer survivors (17%) compared to the normative population (11%) (p < 0.001), varied across cancer types (10–26%) and did not vary based on survivorship duration. The full model showed that survivors who were female (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.26), overweight (AOR 1.50), had one (AOR 1.25) and ≥ 2 comorbidities (AOR 2.15), were former (AOR 1.30) and current (AOR 1.53) smokers and former alcohol drinkers (AOR 1.73), had a higher level of fatigue (AOR 1.05), anxiety (AOR 1.14), depression (AOR 1.11), and cognitive illness perceptions (AOR 1.02), had a higher odds for sleep problems. Higher education compared to lower education (AOR 0.67), having a partner (AOR 0.69), and obesity compared to normal BMI (AOR 0.86) were protective to sleep problems as well as high physical activity before adjusting for psychological factors (AOR 0.91).

Conclusion

Modifiable determinants of sleep problems include physical activity, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and illness perception.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Sleep problems after cancer deserve clinical attention. They may be improved by addressing modifiable lifestyle factors: increasing physical activity, stop smoking, and reducing alcohol consumption. As fatigue, depression, and illness perception seem related to sleep problems, lifestyle improvements may also improve these outcomes.
A Deterministic Method for Computing Bertini Type Invariants of Parametric Ideals
Authors: Tajima Shinichi , Nabeshima Katsusuke
Published: July 2024

A new framework is proposed for computing general numerical invariants, called Bertini type invariants, associated to a family of polynomial ideals depending on deformation parameters. A deterministic algorithm is introduced for computing parameter dependency of Bertini type invariants. As an application, an algorithm for computing Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson classes of a family of singular projective hypersurfaces is obtained.
“Palamism” and “Barlaamism” in the Russian Name-Glorifiers Controversy of the 1910s: The Philosophical Background
Authors: Biriukov Dmitry
Published: July 2024

I find two lines of interpretation of the philosophical status of “Palamism” and “Barlaamism” in the Russian thought of the late 19th to early twentieth centuries. One of these lines links Palamism with Aristotelianism and nominalism, and Barlaamism with Platonism and realism. The other line, conversely, connects Palamism with Platonism and Barlaamism with nominalism. I trace in detail the development and transformation of these lines in the course of the Name-Glorifiers controversy of the 1910s. I show the impact of the academic Byzantine studies of that time on the course of the theological debate.
What is spirituality? The challenges of a philosophical definition
Authors: Reisinger Doris
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there have been a number of philosophical publications focusing on spirituality. But even in pertinent philosophical texts it is rare to find attempts at shaping a workable definition of spirituality, despite the obvious need for a clear definition for the philosophical debate on spirituality. This paper addresses the major issues in shaping a satisfactory definition of spirituality: an understanding of spirituality as transcendence of critical reasoning, the broadness of the concept, the implications of various scholarly backgrounds and the challenge of avoiding a circular definition. It suggests a rough clustering of common approaches into ontological, ethical, and functional definitions and discusses their weaknesses. It is argued that an inclusive, metaphysically parsimonious, and stipulative definition is the best way to address typical difficulties and avoid weaknesses of common definitions. Finally, it proposes a definition based on meaning, a term that often appears in the discussion of spirituality. It is suggested that understanding meaning in the ordinary sense of the word might be a good starting point to arrive at a satisfactory definition of spirituality.
“There Is No Script”: Police Teachers’ Experiences of Training Investigative Interviewing
Authors: Ericsson Sarah , Öman Ekervhén Lisa , Nyström Markus , Stenlund Tova , Davis Paul
Published: July 2024

Swedish police are implementing a new model for investigative interviewing. Previous research has highlighted that investigative interviewing is difficult to operationalize and teach to recruits. This study aimed to understand what Swedish police teachers value as important interpersonal skills for investigative interviewing as well as what strategies and struggles these teachers face when teaching recruits. Interviews were conducted with six experienced interviewing teachers at Swedish police training programs. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The teachers described that taking the interviewee’s perspective and accepting responsibility to build rapport, as well as social and situational flexibility were important skills for interviewers to process. When describing their strategies and struggles in teaching, the teachers described the need to bridge theory and practice, train flexibility through diverse scenarios, adjust to students’ social maturity and ability to self-reflect, and work with limited resources. This study also highlights how interviewing teachers express a need for adequate time and resources to be able to help recruits develop the necessary skills for interviewing.
A modified Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for low order-value optimization problem
Authors: Lv Xiaochen , Yu Zhensheng
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we consider a modified Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for Low Order Value Optimization problems(LOVO). In the algorithm, we obtain the search direction by a combination of LM steps and approximate LM steps, and solve the subproblems therein by QR decomposition or cholesky decomposition. We prove the global convergence of the algorithm theoretically and discuss the worst-case complexity of the algorithm. Numerical results show that the algorithm in this paper is superior in terms of number of iterations and computation time compared to both LM-LOVO and GN-LOVO algorithm.
A parameter uniform numerical method on a Bakhvalov type mesh for singularly perturbed degenerate parabolic convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Kumar Shashikant , Kumar Sunil , Ramos Higinio , Kuldeep
Published: July 2024

We are focused on the numerical treatment of a singularly perturbed degenerate parabolic convection–diffusion problem that exhibits a parabolic boundary layer. The discretization and analysis of the problem are done in two steps. In the first step, we discretize in time and prove its uniform convergence using an auxiliary problem. In the second step, we discretize in space using an upwind scheme on a Bakhvalov-type mesh and prove its uniform convergence using the truncation error and barrier function approach, wherein several bounds derived for the mesh step sizes are used. Numerical results for a couple of examples are presented to support the theoretical bounds derived in the paper.
Investigation of distributed learning for automated lesion detection in head MR images
Authors: Yamada Aiki , Hanaoka Shouhei , Takenaga Tomomi , Miki Soichiro , Yoshikawa Takeharu , Nomura Yukihiro
Published: July 2024

In this study, we investigated the application of distributed learning, including federated learning and cyclical weight transfer, in the development of computer-aided detection (CADe) software for (1) cerebral aneurysm detection in magnetic resonance (MR) angiography images and (2) brain metastasis detection in brain contrast-enhanced MR images. We used datasets collected from various institutions, scanner vendors, and magnetic field strengths for each target CADe software. We compared the performance of multiple strategies, including a centralized strategy, in which software development is conducted at a development institution after collecting de-identified data from multiple institutions. Our results showed that the performance of CADe software trained through distributed learning was equal to or better than that trained through the centralized strategy. However, the distributed learning strategies that achieved the highest performance depend on the target CADe software. Hence, distributed learning can become one of the strategies for CADe software development using data collected from multiple institutions.
The Disperse Dyeing of Polyetherimide Fibers Using Orthogonal Array (Taguchi) Design
Authors: Kalayci Ece , Avinc Ozan
Published: July 2024

Polyetherimide (PEI) fibers are classified as high-performance fibers due to their notable characteristics, including chemical resistance, heat resistance, and flame resistance. However, the amorphous structure and intrinsic dyeability of polyetherimide (PEI) fibers set them apart from other high-performance fibers. The fibers possess considerable potential due to their remarkable performance features and are utilized in a wide range of industries, containing fashion and technical textiles, for varied purposes. The present work utilized the Orthogonal Array Taguchi method to systematically improve the dyeing process parameters for fabric samples made of polyetherimide (PEI). The use of a systematic methodology enabled effective experimentation and enabled the determination of the most favorable values of factors, while simultaneously reducing the utilization of resources. The study involved conducting rigorous experiments to evaluate the influence of several parameters on the color strength, tensile qualities, and washing fastness properties of the fabric samples. Furthermore, the utilization of the Taguchi approach facilitated the anticipation of these pivotal fabric properties by considering certain parameters. The objectives of this research encompass not only the progression of textile industry, but also the provision of beneficial perspectives for augmenting the caliber and efficacy of PEI fabrics in various applications.
Spinocerebellar Ataxias: Phenotypic Spectrum of PolyQ versus Non-Repeat Expansion Forms
Authors: Moura João , Oliveira Jorge , Santos Mariana , Costa Sara , Silva Lénia , Lemos Carolina , Barros José , Sequeiros Jorge , Damásio Joana
Published: July 2024

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are most frequently due to (CAG)n (coding for polyglutamine, polyQ) expansions and, less so, to expansion of other oligonucleotide repeats (non-polyQ) or other type of variants (non-repeat expansion SCA). In this study we compared polyQ and non-repeat expansion SCA, in a cohort of patients with hereditary ataxia followed at a tertiary hospital. From a prospective study, 88 patients (51 families) with SCA were selected, 74 (40 families) of whom genetically diagnosed. Thirty-eight patients (51.4%, 19 families) were confirmed as having a polyQ (no other repeat-expansions were identified) and 36 (48.6%, 21 families) a non-repeat expansion SCA. Median age-at-onset was 39.5 [30.0-45.5] for polyQ and 7.0 years [1.00-21.50] for non-repeat expansion SCA. PolyQ SCA were associated with cerebellar onset, and non-repeat expansion forms with non-cerebellar onset. Time to diagnosis was longer for non-repeat expansion SCA. The most common polyQ SCA were Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) (73.7%) and SCA2 (15.8%); whereas in non-repeat expansion SCA ATX-CACNA1A (14.3%), ATP1A3-related ataxia, ATX-ITPR1, ATX/HSP-KCNA2, and ATX-PRKCG (9.5% each) predominated. Disease duration (up to inclusion) was significantly higher in non-repeat expansion SCA, but the difference in SARA score was not statistically significant. Cerebellar peduncles and pons atrophy were more common in polyQ ataxias, as was axonal neuropathy. SCA had a wide range of genetic etiology, age-at-onset and presentation. Proportion of polyQ and non-repeat expansion SCA was similar; the latter had a higher genetic heterogeneity. While polyQ ataxias were typically linked to cerebellar onset in adulthood, non-repeat expansion forms associated with early onset and non-cerebellar presentations.
Combined use of niraparib enhanced the inhibitory effect of Anti-GD2 antibody on osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Wenyao Chen , Shuai Ma , Yifeng Fan , Xinzhi Li , Xiangyong Que
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of Niraparib in combination with an Anti-GD2 Antibody on osteosarcoma cells.

Methods

Scratch test was utilized to assess cell migration capacity, while the Transwell experiment was utilized to evaluate cell invasion potential. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK8 experiment. The affinity between the anti-GD2 antibody and its antigen was determined via ELISA. Tumor growth was evaluated through animal experiments. Western blotting, QRT-PCR, and histological analysis were conducted to examine the expression of relevant proteins and mRNAs.

Results

MG63 cell line was used for an example. The scratch test showed that the migration rate of osteosarcoma cells in Niraparib + Anti-GD2 group was 1.07 ± 0.04 after 48 h, and 0.34 ± 0.04 in the Control group. Transwell experiment showed that the invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells in Niraparib + Anti-GD2 group was 21.0 ± 1.5, and that in Control group was 87.7 ± 2.9. CCK8 experiment showed that the absorbance value of Niraparib + Anti-GD2 group was 0.16 ± 0.10 on day 5, and that of the Control group was 0.76 ± 0.09. Western blotting showed that the expression levels of BALP and CICP in Niraparib + Anti-GD2 group were 0.751 ± 0.135 and 1.086 ± 0.115, respectively, and those in Control group were 1.025 ± 0.143 and 1.216 ± 0.168, respectively. QRT-PCR results showed that the absorbance values of Niraparib + Anti-GD2 group were 0.173 ± 0.065 and 0.170 ± 0.078 on day 14. The results of animal experiments showed that on day 5, the tumor volume of the Control group was 2433 ± 391, and that of the Niraparib + Anti-GD2 group was 1137 ± 148. Histological analysis showed that the mean density values of Niraparib + Anti-GD2 group were 0.19 ± 0.08 and 0.22 ± 0.07, and those of Control group were 0.26 ± 0.09 and 0.29 ± 0.10.

Conclusion

The combination of Niraparib and Anti-GD2 antibody significantly inhibits Osteosarcoma cells.
Characterize molecular signatures and establish a prognostic signature of gastric cancer by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Weng Zhiyan , Lin Luping , Wu Xianyi , Liu Wenju , Zhuang Yong , Jian Jinliang , Zhuo Changhua
Published: July 2024

Gastric cancer is a significant global health concern with complex molecular underpinnings influencing disease progression and patient outcomes. Various molecular drivers were reported, and these studies offered potential avenues for targeted therapies, biomarker discovery, and the development of precision medicine strategies. However, it was posed that the heterogeneity of the disease and the complexity of the molecular interactions are still challenging. By seamlessly integrating data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq), we embarked on characterizing molecular signatures and establishing a prognostic signature for this complex malignancy. We offered a holistic view of gene expression landscapes in gastric cancer, identified 226 candidate marker genes from 3 different dimensions, and unraveled key players’ risk stratification and treatment decision-making. The convergence of molecular insights in gastric cancer progression occurs at multiple biological scales simultaneously. The focal point of this study lies in developing a prognostic model, and we amalgamated four molecular signatures (COL4A1, FKBP10, RNASE1, SNCG) and three clinical parameters using advanced machine-learning techniques. The model showed high predictive accuracy, with the potential to revolutionize patient care by using clinical variables. This will strengthen the reliability of the model and enable personalized therapeutic strategies based on each patient’s unique molecular profile. In summary, our research sheds light on the molecular underpinnings of gastric cancer, culminating in a powerful prognostic tool for gastric cancer. With a firm foundation in biological insights and clinical implications, our study paves the way for future validations and underscores the potential of integrated molecular analysis in advancing precision oncology.
Tribological properties of the beetle leg joints
Authors: Nadein Konstantin , Kovalev Alexander , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: July 2024

Tribological properties of femoro-tibial leg joints in two beetles, darkling beetle Zophobas morio and Congo rose chafer Pachnoda marginata were studied. Very low friction of 0.004 was revealed by the direct measurements in the joint. It is assumed that semi-solid lubricant functioning as in technical bearings is one of the leading factors of the friction minimization. Dependence of the surface texture and physical chemical properties (hydrophobicity) on the cuticle friction was analysed. Contribution of the surface texture to the tribological properties of contacting surfaces was examined by the measurement in the tribosystem “contacting surface/glass”. It is supposed that coefficient of friction (COF) decreases with decrease of surface roughness. At the same time, no statistically significant correlation was found between the hydrophobicity of the surface and the value of the friction coefficient.
Hydroxychloroquine blood concentrations and effects in Chinese patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Yang Ting , Shi Yaotong , Wang Ye , Feng Yuan , Shao Qiuyuan , Jiang Chunming , Wang Lulu , Liu Jing
Published: July 2024

Background

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is recommended for Chinese patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, the relationship between HCQ blood concentration and the therapeutic effect for IgAN has not yet been defined. This study investigates the optimal and efficacious range of HCQ blood concentrations in Chinese patients with IgAN.

Methods

Seventy-three patients with biopsy-proven IgAN who were at risk of progression were included in this study. Thirty-eight patients with IgAN were treated with HCQ plus an optimized renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi), and thirty-five patients received only RAASi. Blood HCQ concentration and 24-h proteinuria were examined at three and six months after treatment.

Results

The baseline proteinuria levels were comparable between the RAASi and HCQ groups. The HCQ group had lower 24-h proteinuria than the RAASi group three months after treatment, though the difference was not significant (p = 0.38). After six months, the median proteinuria level was significantly lower in the HCQ group than in the RAASi group (p < 0.05). The percentage reduction in 24-h proteinuria in the HCQ group was greater than that in the RAASi group at three (p < 0.05) and six months (p < 0.05). Hydroxychlorquine blood concentration and efficacy were positively correlated at three months (r = 0.428, p < 0.05) and six months (r = 0.48, p < 0.05). Moreover, the optimal blood concentration of HCQ for three-month efficacy was 418.96 ng/mL and that for six-month efficacy was 582.48 ng/mL. No serious adverse events were reported during HCQ treatment.

Conclusions

Hydroxyhloroquine safely reduces proteinuria in Chinese patients with IgAN. The efficacy of HCQ is positively correlated with its blood concentration.

Graphical abstract