bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCD1 Sustains Homeostasis of Bulge Niche via Maintaining Hemidesmosomes in Basal Keratinocytes
Authors: Xue Yueqing , Lin Liangyu , Li Qing , Liu Keli , Hu Mingyuan , Ye Jiayin , Cao Jianchang , Zhai Jingjie , Zheng Fanjun , Wang Yu , Zhang Tao , Du Liming , Gao Cheng , Wang Guan , Wang Xuefeng , Qin Jun , Liao Xinhua , Kong Xiangyin , Sorokin Lydia , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying
Published: December 2022

Niche for stem cells profoundly influences their maintenance and fate during tissue homeostasis and pathological disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms and tissue‐specific features remain poorly understood. Here, it is reported that fatty acid desaturation catabolized by stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) regulates hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and hair growth by maintaining the bulge, niche for HFSCs. Scd1 deletion in mice results in abnormal hair growth, an effect exerted directly on keratin K14+ keratinocytes rather than on HFSCs. Mechanistically, Scd1 deficiency impairs the level of integrin α6β4 complex and thus the assembly of hemidesmosomes (HDs). The disruption of HDs allows the aberrant activation of focal adhesion kinase and PI3K in K14+ keratinocytes and subsequently their differentiation and proliferation. The overgrowth of basal keratinocytes results in downward extension of the outer root sheath and interruption of bulge formation. Then, inhibition of PI3K signaling in Scd1−/− mice normalizes the bulge, HFSCs, and hair growth. Additionally, supplementation of oleic acid to Scd1−/− mice reestablishes HDs and the homeostasis of bulge niche, and restores hair growth. Thus, SCD1 is critical in regulating hair growth through stabilizing HDs in basal keratinocytes and thus sustaining bulge for HFSC residence and periodic activity.
Single‐Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Decodes Wharton's Jelly‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Heterogeneity and a Subpopulation with Wound Repair Signatures
Authors: Chen Penghong , Tang Shijie , Li Ming , Wang Dezhi , Chen Caixiang , Qiu Yiqun , Fang Zhuoqun , Zhang Haoruo , Gao Hangqi , Weng Haiyan , Hu Kailun , Lin Jian , Lin Qingxia , Tan Yi , Li Shirong , Chen Jinghua , Chen Liangwan , Chen Xiaosong
Published: December 2022

The highly heterogeneous characteristics of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) may be responsible for the poor clinical outcomes and poor reproducibility of treatments based on WJ‐MSCs. Exploration of WJ‐MSC heterogeneity with multimodal single‐cell technologies will aid in establishing accurate MSC subtyping and developing screening protocols for dominant functional subpopulations. Here, the characteristics of WJ‐MSCs are systematically analyzed by single cell and spatial transcriptome sequencing. Single‐cell transcriptomics analysis identifies four WJ‐MSC subpopulations, namely proliferative_MSCs, niche‐supporting_MSCs, metabolism‐related_MSCs and biofunctional‐type_MSCs. Furthermore, the transcriptome, cellular heterogeneity, and cell‐state trajectories of these subpopulations are characterized. Intriguingly, the biofunctional‐type MSCs (marked by S100A9, CD29, and CD142) selected in this study exhibit promising wound repair properties in vitro and in vivo. Finally, by integrating omics data, it has been found that the S100A9+CD29+CD142+ subpopulation is more enriched in the fetal segment of the umbilical cord, suggesting that this subpopulation deriving from the fetal segment may have potential for developing into an ideal therapeutic agent for wound healing. Overall, the presented study comprehensively maps the heterogeneity of WJ‐MSCs and provides an essential resource for future development of WJ‐MSC‐based drugs.
Mitochondrial Transfer Regulates Cell Fate Through Metabolic Remodeling in Osteoporosis
Authors: Cai Wenjin , Zhang Jinglun , Yu Yiqian , Ni Yueqi , Wei Yan , Cheng Yihong , Han Litian , Xiao Leyi , Ma Xiaoxin , Wei Hongjiang , Ji Yaoting , Zhang Yufeng
Published: December 2022

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, which regulate cell metabolism and differentiation. Recently, mitochondrial transfer between cells has been shown to direct recipient cell fate. However, it is unclear whether mitochondria can translocate to stem cells and whether this transfer alters stem cell fate. Here, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) regulation is examined by macrophages in the bone marrow environment. It is found that macrophages promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by delivering mitochondria to MSCs. However, under osteoporotic conditions, macrophages with altered phenotypes, and metabolic statuses release oxidatively damaged mitochondria. Increased mitochondrial transfer of M1‐like macrophages to MSCs triggers a reactive oxygen species burst, which leads to metabolic remodeling. It is showed that abnormal metabolism in MSCs is caused by the abnormal succinate accumulation, which is a key factor in abnormal osteogenic differentiation. These results reveal that mitochondrial transfer from macrophages to MSCs allows metabolic crosstalk to regulate bone homeostasis. This mechanism identifies a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Use of platelet‐rich plasma for COVID‐19–related olfactory loss: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yan Carol H. , Jang Sophie S. , Lin Hung‐Fu C. , Ma Yifei , Khanwalkar Ashoke R. , Thai Anthony , Patel Zara M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The current study evaluated the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), an autologous blood product with supraphysiologic concentrations of growth factors, in the treatment of prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)–related smell loss.

Methods

This multi‐institutional, randomized controlled trial recruited patients with COVID‐19 who had objectively measured smell loss (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT] ≤ 33) between 6 and 12 months. Patients were randomized to three intranasal injections of either PRP or sterile saline into their olfactory clefts. The primary outcome measure was change in Sniffin’ Sticks score (threshold, discrimination, and identification [TDI]) from baseline. The secondary end point measures included responder rate (achievement of a clinically significant improvement, ≥5.5 points TDI), change in individual TDI olfaction scores, and change in subjective olfaction via a visual analog scale.

Results

A total of 35 patients were recruited and 26 completed the study. PRP treatment resulted in a 3.67‐point (95% CI: 0.05–7.29, p = 0.047) greater improvement in olfaction compared with the placebo group at 3 months and a higher response rate (57.1% vs 8.3%, odds ratio 12.5 [95% exact bootstrap confidence interval, 2.2–116.7]). There was a greater improvement in smell discrimination following PRP treatment compared with placebo but no difference in smell identification or threshold. There was no difference in subjective scores between PRP and placebo. No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusion

Olfactory function following COVID‐19 can improve spontaneously after 6 months and can improve to a greater extent with PRP injection. These data build on the promise of PRP to be a safe potential treatment option for patients with COVID‐19–related smell loss, and larger‐powered studies will help further assess its efficacy.
Chitosan‐Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‐palladium composite for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction
Authors: Khomthawee Kanticha , Nilada Nattaporn , Homchuen Antika , Saejueng Pranorm
Published: December 2022

Palladium catalyst supported on chitosan‐EDTA composite, CS‐EDTA‐Pd, was prepared by a simple dissolution method. The chitosan and EDTA (1:1.5 by wt.) were dissolved in dilute acetic acid, then formed the beads, which were used to adsorb palladium(II) and finally reduced to palladium(0) by refluxing in ethanol. The as‐prepared CS‐EDTA‐Pd was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then catalytic activities of the CS‐EDTA‐Pd catalyst were tested in the synthesis of biaryls from aryl halides and phenylboronic acid using the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. The results have shown that the CS‐EDTA‐Pd was successfully applied as a catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura to couple aryl iodide and aryl bromide substrates under mild reaction conditions using ethanol as solvent and potassium carbonate as a base. The reactions at 80°C for 2 h under a normal atmosphere results in biaryls at good to excellent yields (>90%). This catalyst is inexpensive, simple to prepare, easy to separate from the reaction by filtration, and can be reused for five consecutive runs with a slight loss of product yields.
Business research for sustainable development: How does sustainable business model research reflect doughnut economics?
Authors: Hausdorf Michaela , Timm Jana‐Michaela
Published: December 2022

In this study, we explore sustainable business model (SBM) research through the lens of doughnut economics (DE). By conducting an integrative literature review, we analyse concepts that reflect the seven principles of DE at the business model level. We identify 23 SBM concepts and develop a framework that draws on cognitive science theory to distinguish between seven abstract and 16 concrete concepts. The contribution of our study is threefold: First, the framework enhances the theoretical understanding of SBM concepts that mirror DE. Second, our study presents seven unique avenues for shifting the SBM research agenda. Third, the findings have the potential to inspire SBM innovation in practice.
Role of Industry 4.0 in agile manufacturing to achieve sustainable development
Authors: Agarwal Vernika , Hameed Abdul Zubar , Malhotra Snigdha , Mathiyazhagan K. , Alathur Sreejith , Appolloni Andrea
Published: December 2022

The business world is becoming increasingly complex, disrupted, and uncertain. As Industry 4.0 (I4.0) takes shape, to endure this change and focus on growth, industries must learn to embrace change and move quickly; this is particularly so for the automotive industry, which is a major sector of any economy. Agility is needed to embrace this change and promote sustainability across every industry. To face these contingencies, it is essential to identify and understand the strategies that can aid industries in sustaining real‐time scenarios. In this paper, we aim to assess the agility indicators that bring resilience to the inclusion of I4.0 and sustainability in the automotive sector. The unexpected changes in the environment related to sustainability and technological disruptions of I4.0 require the identification of sustainable agile mitigation strategies to manage such situations. The fuzzy Delphi methodology assesses agility indicators based on a questionnaire for prioritization. Further, the fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is utilized to prioritize these agility indicators with the agility strategies that manufacturing industries can deploy to enhance the sustainability of their operations. The fuzzy extension to the methodologies helps in incorporating vagueness and ambiguity in the decision‐making process. A fuzzy approach to prioritizing agile strategies as the industries are changing is helpful. The decision makers have only a few clear ideas about how best to integrate them. Among the agile strategies, “resilience,” “technological capabilities,” and “customer‐centric innovation” are the top strategies. By executing the strategies suggested in the study and understanding the agility indicators, practitioners can ensure resilience in the work systems and minimize the impact of the disruptions caused by the industrial revolution. Thus, this research has been underpinned by the organizational change theory and discusses all mitigation strategies concerning the rapid changes organizations are facing with the fourth industrial revolution.
Autoimmune meningoencephalitis associated with anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody following COVID‐19 infection: A case report
Authors: Salari Mehri , Zaker Harofteh Bahareh , Etemadifar Masoud
Published: December 2022

Anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (Anti‐GAD) are associated with various neurologic condition; but no meningitis has been reported with it, so far. Evidence demonstrates the associated of autoimmune meningoencephalitis with COVID‐19 infection. Here, we report a 44‐year‐old female with progressive loss of consciousness with anti‐GAD65 meningoencephalitis 1 month after COVID‐19 infection.
Psychometric and factorial validity of the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) in an Italian sample: A validation and prevalence estimate study
Authors: Jannini Tommaso B. , Rossi Rodolfo , Socci Valentina , Reda Flaminia , Pacitti Francesca , Di Lorenzo Giorgio
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Adjustment disorder (AjD) is a is a maladaptive emotional or behavioural reaction to a stressful event or change in a person's life. Compared to other previously validated tools, the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) stands out as one of the most reliable and handy one for AjD.

Since no homologous instrument exists now, in this study, we aimed to validate an Italian version of the IADQ.

Methods

Twenty‐one thousand two hundred and six subjects (80.4% females) during the initial stages of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic were recruited. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), testing two latent models, a monofactorial and a bifactorial one. Concurrent validity by correlating the total and the two factors' scores with measures of depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress was then estimated. We finally estimated the rates of AjD among the population, and a binary logistic regression was conducted to analyse the predictors of such disorder.

Results

CFA showed a bifactorial validity, with both excellent incremental and comparative fit indices. The IADQ scores correlated strongly with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. In the Italian sample, the prevalence of probable AjD was 8.23%. Female gender, being engaged, widowed and having COVID‐19‐related stressors resulted as significant independent risk factors for AjD.

Conclusions

IADQ is an easy‐to‐use, brief and psychometrically sound self‐report measure for AjD. Thus, it may be considered a reliable tool for both research and clinical settings. To the best of our knowledge, our study reported for the first time the prevalence of AjD during COVID‐19 pandemic.
The moderating and mediating role of telepresence and cognitive change in cognitive behaviour therapy delivered via videoconference
Authors: Bouchard Stéphane , Berthiaume Maxine , Robillard Geneviève , Allard Micheline , Green‐Demers Isabelle , Watts Stéphanie , Marchand André , Gosselin Patrick , Langlois Frédéric , Belleville Geneviève , Dugas Michel J.
Published: December 2022

In this study, we combined the results of two controlled trials and examined the relationships between working alliance, telepresence, cognitive change and treatment outcome. Sixty‐five participants with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) received cognitive behaviour therapy delivered via videoconference. Participants completed measures of working alliance and telepresence after three psychotherapy sessions. They also completed measures of treatment outcome and dysfunctional beliefs (cognitive change) specific to PDA and GAD at pretreatment and posttreatment. Results revealed that telepresence at the fifth session moderated the relationship between the working alliance at the first and fifth sessions. As telepresence increased, its impact on the working alliance diminished. Cognitive change mediated the relationship between the working alliance at the fifth session and treatment outcome.
Chromium (VI)‐induced ALDH1A1/EGF axis promotes lung cancer progression
Authors: Ge Xin , Li Mengdie , Song Guo‐Xin , Zhang Zhixiang , Yin Jianxing , Ge Zehe , Shi Zhumei , Liu Ling‐Zhi , Jiang Bing‐Hua , Qian Xu , Shen Hua
Published: December 2022

Cr(VI) is broadly applied in industry. Cr(VI) exposure places a big burden on public health, thereby increasing the risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The mechanisms underlying Cr(VI)‐induced LUSC remain largely elusive. Here, we report that the cancer stem cell (CSC)/tumour‐initiating cell (TIC)‐like subgroup within Cr(VI)‐transformed bronchial epithelial cells (CrT) promotes lung cancer tumourigenesis. Mechanistically, Cr(VI) exposure specifically increases the expression levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), a CSC marker, through KLF4‐mediated transcription. ALDH1A1 maintains self‐renewal of CrT/TICs and facilitates the expression and secretion of EGF from CrT/TICs, which subsequently promotes the activation of EGFR signalling in differentiated cancer cells and tumour growth of LUSC. In addition, the ALDH1A1 inhibitor A37 and gemcitabine synergistically suppress LUSC progression. Importantly, high ALDH1A1 expression levels are positively correlated with advanced clinical stages and predict poor survival in LUSC patients. These findings elucidate how ALDH1A1 modulates EGF secretion from TICs to facilitate LUSC tumourigenesis, highlighting new therapeutic strategies for malignant lung cancers.
From JWH‐018 to OXIZIDS: Structural evolution of synthetic cannabinoids in the European Union from 2008 to present day
Authors: Andrews Rachael , Jorge Rita , Christie Rachel , Gallegos Ana
Published: December 2022

With new synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) appearing on the European drug market every year, early warning systems are key to detect, monitor, and respond to threats posed by them. The European Union Early Warning System (EU EWS) implemented by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction has monitored these substances since their first European detection in 2008. Since then, national and international responses have been implemented, aimed at tackling risks posed by SCs. Throughout this time, new SCs have emerged on the European market containing diverse structural moieties, appearing to be designed in a way that circumvents existing legal controls, contributing to a complex public health scenario. This study provides an inventory of the SCs detected in the EU from 2008 to 2022, describing their structural evolution by analysing separately four structural features: their core, tail, linker, and linked groups. The range of structural changes is analysed considering key milestones, including the year of first report by the European Union Early Warning System to the key legislative changes that have occurred since. The analysis shows that from June 2021 to July 2022, 20 out of 23 newly emerged SCs evade the generic SC legislation introduced in China in May 2021. This supports the hypothesis that the protection of public health benefits from timely information exchange and careful assessment of the risks associated with these substances. Additionally, the introduction of legal responses, albeit an important instrument to reduce the availability of dangerous substances on the market, may also be accompanied by unintended consequences.
A systematic review comparing atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Walsh B. Timothy , Hagan Kelsey E. , Lockwood Carlin
Published: December 2022

Objective

A description of atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) was provided in DSM‐5 in 2013 and a sizable literature has since developed describing the clinical features of individuals with atypical AN and comparing them to those of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and those of healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of this literature.

Method

A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted of studies published since 2013 that compared the clinical characteristics of individuals with atypical AN to those of individuals with AN and/or healthy controls. Meta‐analyses were conducted when similar measures were reported in three or more studies.

Results

Twenty‐four publications met criteria for inclusion. Their results indicated that the level of eating disorder‐specific psychopathology is significantly higher among individuals with atypical AN than among controls and as high or higher as among individuals with AN while levels of non‐eating disorder psychopathology are similar. Individuals with atypical AN experience many of the physiological complications associated with AN, but some complications appear less frequent.

Discussion

The psychological symptoms and physiological complications of individuals with atypical AN are generally similar to those of individuals with AN, although there may be differences in the frequency of some physical complications. Little information is available on the course, outcome, and treatment response of individuals with atypical AN. In addition, full diagnostic criteria for atypical AN have not been developed, and the nosological relationship of atypical AN to established eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa is unclear.

Public Significance

Atypical anorexia nervosa as described in the DSM‐5 identifies individuals with many of the psychological characteristics of typical anorexia nervosa who, despite significant weight loss, are not underweight. The current systematic review found that the psychological symptoms and physiological characteristics of individuals with atypical AN are generally similar to those of individuals with AN, although there may be differences in the frequency of some physical complications.
COL4A1 mutation‐related disorder presenting as fetal intracranial bleeding, hydrocephalus, and polymicrogyria
Authors: Straka Barbora , Vlčková Markéta , Libá Zuzana , Heřmanovská Barbora , Kynčl Martin , Dorňáková Jana , Táborský Jakub , Kršek Pavel , Musilová Alena , Janota Jan , Balaščaková Miroslava
Published: December 2022

Fetal intracranial hemorrhage represents a rare event with an estimated prevalence of 1:10 000 pregnancies. We report a patient diagnosed prenatally with intracranial hemorrhage and ventriculomegaly carrying a novel, previously unreported, likely pathogenic variant in COL4A1. At the gestational age of 27 weeks, dilation of lateral ventricles was detected during a routine prenatal ultrasound scan, confirmed by prenatal MRI at 30 + 3 weeks of gestation. Prenatal examinations included amniocentesis with conventional G‐band karyotyping and arrayCGH, and maternal testing for TORCH and parvovirus B19 infections. Virtual gene panel based on whole‐exome sequencing data was performed postnatally. At the age of 2.5 months, the patient manifested epileptic seizures that remain difficult to control. Postnatal MRI showed partial thalamic fusion and polymicrogyria, in addition to severe enlargement of lateral ventricles, multiple deposits of hemosiderin in cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, and thin optic nerve and chiasma. Virtual gene panel based on whole‐exome sequencing data led to a detection of a de novo previously unreported in‐frame deletion NM_001845.5:c.4688_4711del in COL4A1 located in the highly conserved NC1 domain initiating collagen helix assembly. The presented case lies one a more severe end of the COL4A1 mutation‐related disease spectrum, manifesting as fetal intracranial bleeding, malformation of cortical development, drug‐resistant epilepsy, and developmental delay.
A case of FN1‐fused calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm of the hand with novel FGFR3 partner gene
Authors: Georgantzoglou Natalia , Shen Guomiao , Jour George , Linos Konstantinos
Published: December 2022

Calcified chondroid neoplasms with FN1::FGFR1 or FGFR2 fusions constitute a recently described category of mesenchymal neoplasms mostly encountered in the extremities and temporomandibular joint. Herein, we report a case of FNI1‐fused calcified chondroid neoplasm of the hand with a novel FGFR3 fusion partner. The tumor exhibited a multilobulated growth pattern composed of epithelioid cells embedded in abundant stroma with myxoid, chondroid, and fibrous areas and scattered osteoclast‐like giant cells. RNA sequencing revealed an in‐frame fusion between Exon 31 of FN1 and Exon 3 of FGFR3, which was subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Our findings expand on the spectrum of potential fusion partners in FN1‐fused calcified chondroid neoplasms.
Multiyear methane and nitrous oxide emissions in different irrigation management under long‐term continuous rice rotation in Arkansas
Authors: Karki S. , Adviento‐Borbe M. A. A. , Runkle B. R. K. , Moreno‐García B. , Anders M. , Reba M. L.
Published: December 2022

Rice paddies are one of the major sources of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions. The alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation management has been shown to reduce CH4 emissions and total global warming potential (GWP) (CH4 and nitrous oxide [N2O]). However, there is limited information about utilizing AWD management to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from commercial‐scale continuous rice fields. This study was conducted for five consecutive growing seasons (2015–2019) on a pair of adjacent fields in a commercial farm in Arkansas under long‐term continuous rice rotation irrigated with either continuously flooded (CF) or AWD conditions. The cumulative CH4 emissions in the growing season across the two fields and 5 years ranged from 41 to 123 kg CH4‐C ha−1 for CF and 1 to 73 kg CH4‐C ha−1 for AWD. On average, AWD reduced CH4 emissions by 73% relative to CH4 emissions in CF fields. Compared to N2O emissions, CH4 emissions dominated the GWP with an average contribution of 91% in both irrigation treatments. There was no significant variation in grain yield (7.3–11.9 Mg ha−1) or growing season N2O emissions (−0.02 to 0.51 kg N2O‐N ha−1) between the irrigation treatments. The yield‐scaled GWP was 368 and 173 kg CO2 eq. Mg−1 season−1 for CF and AWD, respectively, showing the feasibility of AWD on a commercial farm to reduce the total GHG emissions while sustaining grain yield. Seasonal variations of GHG emissions observed within fields showed total GHG emissions were predominantly influenced by weather (precipitation) and crop and irrigation management. The influence of air temperature and floodwater heights on GHG emissions had high degree of variability among years and fields. These findings demonstrate that the use of multiyear GHG emission datasets could better capture variability of GHG emissions associated with rice production and could improve field verification of GHG emission models and scaling factors for commercial rice farms.
Is pomegranate husk scald during storage induced by water loss and mediated by ABA signaling?
Authors: Maghoumi Mahshad , Fatchurrahman Danial , Amodio Maria Luisa , Quinto Maurizio , Cisneros‐Zevallos Luis , Colelli Giancarlo
Published: December 2022

Background

Husk scald (HS) is a physiological disorder limiting the marketability of pomegranate fruit during long‐term storage. Herein we propose that HS is triggered by water loss and mediated by ABA signaling. Therefore, pomegranate fruit were stored at three different storage temperatures (3.5, 7 and 11°C) and 96.5% ± 2.3% relative humidity (RH) evaluating weight loss (WL), abscisic acid (ABA), respiration rate (RR), total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanin (TA), antioxidant activity (AA), exocarp electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), color attributes, browning index and visual quality of fruit.

Results

HS appeared after 3 months of storage at 11 °C, less at 7°C and non‐present at 3.5°C. Incidence of HS occurred along with higher WL, RR, EL, MDA, and ABA content. Conversely, TP, TA and AA decreased significantly. WL increased with water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at higher temperatures. After 93 days, 11 °C fruit reached ~10% WL while ABA increased to ~150 μg kg−1. However, 3.5 and 7 °C fruit, reached 5 and 7% WL while ABA was ~31 and 75 μg kg−1, respectively.

Conclusion

Herein, we propose a mechanistic model of HS development where water stress induces ABA as a primary signaling molecule that triggers the HS response mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS induces phenolic biosynthesis and oxidative stress promotes loss of membrane compartmentalization that induces phenolic degradation. Ultimately, husk scalding becomes visible due to the oxidation of phenolics into brown pigments. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Biotin‐Functionalized Block Catiomers as an Active Targeting Approach in Gene Delivery
Authors: Pretzer Irene , Bushiri David , Weberskirch Ralf
Published: December 2022

Recently, biotin (vitamin H) has been described as a ligand for active targeting and it has been found that many cancer cells overexpress the biotin receptor. In this study a biotin‐conjugated block copolymer, biotin‐poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐block‐poly{N '‐[N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐2‐aminoethyl]aspartamide} (biotin‐pEtOx‐b‐pASP(DEA) is synthesized by a living cationic polymerization of the pEtOx‐block followed by the nucleophilic ringopening polymerization of the pASP‐block. The biotin moiety is coupled to the pEtOx‐b‐pASP precursor by a Cu(I) mediated azide‐alkyne click chemistry and finally, the diethylamine (DEA) side chain is introduced by a polymer analogous reaction. The final polymer P1 formed polyplexes in the presence of plasmid DNA that are characterized with respect to N/P ratio, size, zeta potential, and shape compared to a control polymer P2 without biotin. In addition, HEK293 cells are transfected with these polyplexes and the number of fluorescent HEK293 cells is evaluated to assess the influence of polymer nature on the activity of the micelles. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a significantly higher uptake of the biotin‐PEtOx‐PASP(DEA)/pDNA micelle than the PEtOx‐PASP(DEA)/pDNA micelle against HEK293 cells at a low N/P ratio of 20, consistent with the transfection results whereas at higher N/P ratio no difference can be observed anymore between the two polymers.
Evanescent‐mode bandpass filter using D‐shaped slotlines for spurious harmonic suppression
Authors: Chen Peng , Kai Yang , Shu Yue , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2022

A novel miniaturized evanescent‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter with D‐shaped slotlines for spurious harmonic suppression is proposed in this letter. Closed‐form equations for the proposed evanescent‐mode SIW cavity are summarized and two D‐shaped slotlines are etched together as a pair by the face‐to‐face style to obtain the designed lowpass feature, which could be utilized to improve the out‐of‐band spurious harmonic rejection level. To validate the feasibility of this method, a miniaturized evanescent‐mode SIW filter with D‐shaped slotlines is designed and measured. The measured results show that this filter operates at 1.05 GHz with 2.4 dB insertion loss and 3.8% bandwidth. The out‐of‐band spurious rejection is lower than 16 dB up to 11 times of the higher cutoff frequency of the passband. All test results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Commissioning a beam line for MR‐guided particle therapy assisted by in silico methods
Authors: Fuchs Hermann , Padilla‐Cabal Fatima , Oborn Bradley M. , Georg Dietmar
Published: December 2022

Background

Radiation therapy is continuously moving towards more precise dose delivery. The combination of online MR imaging and particle therapy, for example, radiation therapy using protons or carbon ions, could enable the next level of precision in radiotherapy. In particle therapy, research towards a combination of MR and particle therapy is well underway, but still far from clinical systems. The combination of high magnetic fields with particle therapy delivery poses several challenges for treatment planning, treatment workflow, dose delivery, and dosimetry.

Purpose

To present a workflow for commissioning of a light ion beam line with an integrated dipole magnet to perform MR‐guided particle therapy (MRgPT) research, producing not only basic beam data but also magnetic field maps for accurate dose calculation. Accurate dose calculation in magnetic field environments requires high‐quality magnetic field maps to compensate for magnetic‐field‐dependent trajectory changes and dose perturbations.

Methods

The research beam line at MedAustron was coupled with a resistive dipole magnet positioned at the isocenter. Beam data were measured for proton and carbon ions with and without an applied magnetic field of 1 T. Laterally integrated depth‐dose curves (IDC) as well as beam profiles were measured in water while beam trajectories were measured in air. Based on manufacturer data, an in silico model of the magnet was created, allowing to extract high‐quality 3D magnetic field data. An existing GATE/Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC) model of the beam line was extended with the generated magnetic field data and benchmarked against experimental data.

Results

A 3D magnetic field volume covering fringe fields until 50 mT was found to be sufficient for an accurate beam trajectory modeling. The effect on particle range retraction was found to be 2.3 and 0.3 mm for protons and carbon ions, respectively. Measured lateral beam offsets in water agreed within 0.4 and −0.5 mm with MC simulations for protons and carbon ions, respectively. Experimentally determined in‐air beam trajectories agreed within 0.4 mm in the homogeneous magnetic field area.

Conclusion

The presented approach based on in silico modeling and measurements allows to commission a beam line for MRgPT while providing benchmarking data for the magnetic field modeling, required for state‐of‐the art dose calculation methods.
Improving precision and power in randomized trials with a two‐stage study design: Stratification using clustering method
Authors: Ye Xuan , Lu Nelson , Xu Yunling
Published: December 2022

In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), it is possible to improve precision and power and reduce sample size by appropriately adjusting for baseline covariates. There are multiple statistical methods to adjust for prognostic baseline covariates, such as an ANCOVA method. In this paper, we propose a clustering‐based stratification method for adjusting for the prognostic baseline covariates. Clusters (strata) are formed only based on prognostic baseline covariates, not outcome data nor treatment assignment. Therefore, the clustering procedure can be completed prior to the availability of outcome data. The treatment effect is estimated in each cluster, and the overall treatment effect is derived by combining all cluster‐specific treatment effect estimates. The proposed implementation of the procedure is described. Simulations studies and an example are presented.
Viral modulation of lipid rafts and their potential as putative antiviral targets
Authors: Gee Yee Jing , Sea Yi Lin , Lal Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2022

Lipid rafts are ubiquitous in cells. They are identified as cholesterol and glycosphingolipid enriched microdomains on cellular membranes. They serve as platforms for cellular communications by functioning in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Such structural organisation fulfils cellular needs for normal function, but at the same time increases vulnerability of cells to pathogen invasion. Viruses rely heavily on lipid rafts in basically every stage of the viral life cycle for successful infection. Various mechanisms of lipid rafts modification exploited by diverse viruses for attachment, internalisation, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly and release have been brought to light. This review focuses on virus‐raft interactions and how a wide range of viruses manipulate lipid rafts at distinct stages of infection. The importance of virus‐raft interactions in viral infections has inspired researchers to discover and develop antivirals that target this interaction, such as statins, methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, viperin, 25‐hydroxycholesterol and even anti‐malarial drugs. The therapeutic modulations of lipid rafts as potential antiviral intervention from in vitro and in vivo evidence are discussed herein.
Hierarchical Organization of Structurally Colored Cholesteric Phases of Cellulose via 3D Printing
Authors: Balcerowski Tadeusz , Ozbek Burak , Akbulut Ozge , Dumanli Ahu Gümrah
Published: December 2022

Structural color—a widespread phenomenon observed throughout nature is caused by light interference from ordered phases of matter. While state‐of‐the‐art nanofabrication techniques can produce structural organization in small areas, cost‐effective and scalable techniques are still lacking to generate tunable color at sub‐micron length scales. In this work, structurally colored hydroxypropyl cellulose filaments are produced with a suppressed angular color response by 3D printing. The systematic study of the morphology of the filaments reveals the key stages in the induction of a two‐degree hierarchical order through 3D printing. The first degree of order originated from the changing of the cholesteric pitch at a few hundred nm scale via chemical modification and tuning of the solid content of the lyotropic phase. Upon 3D printing, the secondary hierarchical order of periodic wrinkling is introduced through the Helfrich–Hurault deformation of the shear‐aligned cholesteric phases. In single‐layered filaments, four morphological zones with varying orders of wrinkles are identified. Detailed morphological characterization is carried out using SEM to shed light on the mechanism of the wrinkling behavior. Through this work, the possibility of modifying the wrinkling behavior is demonstrated and thus the angle dependence of the color response by changing the printing conditions.
3D Co‐Doping α‐Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets for Ultrastable, High‐Rate Ni‐Zn Battery
Authors: Wang Kaixin , Fan Xiaoyong , Chen Shengjie , Deng Junkai , Zhang Lulu , Jing Maosen , Li Julong , Gou Lei , Li Donglin , Ma Yue
Published: December 2022

The α‐Ni(OH)2 is regarded as one promising cathode for aqueous nickel‐zinc batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of ≈480 mAh g−1, its practical deployment however suffers from the poor stability in strong alkaline solution, intrinsic low electrical conductivity as well as the retarded ionic diffusion. Herein, a 3D (three dimensional) macroporous α‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with Co doping is designed through a facile and easily scalable electroless plating combined with electrodeposition strategy. The unique micrometer‐sized 3D pores come from Ni substrate and rich voids between Co‐doping α‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets can synergistically afford facile, interconnected ionic diffusion channels, sufficient free space for accommodating its volume changes during cycling; meanwhile, the Co‐doping can stabilize the structural robustness of the α‐Ni(OH)2 in the alkaline electrolyte during cycling. Thus, the 3D α‐Ni(OH)2 shows a high capacity of 284 mAh g−1 at 0.5 mA cm−2 with an excellent retention of 78% even at 15 mA cm−2, and more than 2000 stable cycles at 6 mA cm−2, as well as the robust cycling upon various flexible batteries. This work provides a simple and efficient pathway to enhance the electrochemical performance of Ni‐Zn batteries through improving ionic transport kinetics and stabilizing crystal structure of cathodes.
Treat‐to‐target and sequencing therapies in Crohn's disease
Authors: Garcia Nicole M. , Cohen Nathaniel A. , Rubin David T.
Published: December 2022

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory condition which can negatively impact a patient's quality of life. The traditional management strategy for CD has focused on symptomatic control, however, this approach fails to prevent organ damage and to change the progressive course of this disease. Thus, the field has moved towards a treat‐to‐target strategy that includes identifying individualized objective targets, choosing a therapy based on individual factors that include disease severity and risk, closely monitoring disease activity at predefined time points, and optimizing therapies as needed. Due to the increasing number of therapies approved for CD, this review explores the various factors which should be considered in the sequencing of treatment options together with using the treat‐to‐target framework to control disease activity early in its course and provide holistic patient care.
Clinicopathological and radiographic indicators for orogastric decompression in rabbits presenting with intestinal obstruction at a referral hospital (2015–2018)
Authors: Steinagel Amanda C. , Oglesbee Barbara L.
Published: December 2022

Background

Orogastric decompression is regularly recommended as a part of both medical and pre‐surgical treatment for small intestinal obstruction in rabbits. However, guidelines as to when orogastric decompression is indicated are sparse.

Methods

The medical records of 35 rabbits diagnosed with gastrointestinal obstruction over a 3‐year period were examined. Differences in presentation, clinicopathological and radiographic examination findings, treatments and outcome were evaluated.

Results

Approximately 49% of the cases evaluated were considered to have non‐life‐threatening disease, while 51% were considered to have life‐threatening disease. The severity of gastric obstruction was correlated with the severity of hyperglycaemia (average 25.7 mmol/L; 463 mg/dl) and corresponding hyponatraemia (Na < 138 mmol/L; 138 mEq/L). These patients were treated with orogastric decompression and medical management only.

Limitations

This is a retrospective study and there are inherent limitations involving the quality of the data and data collection. Additional studies should be completed that strive for larger sample sizes to compare the differences in outcome between surgical and medical management, as well as investigate the outcomes of rabbits with hyperglycaemia and hyponatraemia that did not have an orogastric decompression performed.

Conclusions

Blood glucose and sodium concentrations, in combination with radiographic findings, may aid clinicians in determining if orogastric decompression is indicated to stabilise rabbits with small intestinal obstructive disorders.
Cross-polarization Correction for Soil Moisture Retrieval Using GNSS SNR Data
Authors: Han M. , Yang D. , Zhang B. , Hong X. , Wang F.
Published: December 2022

The Global Navigation Satellite System – Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique utilizes the GNSS Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data to retrieve soil moisture. In this study, the physical SNR model incorporating antenna’s cross-polarization component is re-derived to a more intuitive and straightforward degree, which is based on the work of V. U. Zavorotny et al. 2009. Then this model is used in combination with the signal reconstruction method we proposed before to correct the cross-polarization effect when retrieving soil moisture. Both simulation and experiment data were used for validation purpose. The results showed that the mean retrieval error could be reduced by about 0.16cm
3⋅cm
−3 after cross-polarization correction.
Einleitung
Authors: Schumacher Mareike K.
Published: December 2022

Schon mindestens seit Aristoteles, also seit über 2.000 Jahren, beschäftigt Forschende das Thema des Raumes. Was kann man heute einer so lange währenden und reichhaltigen Forschungstradition noch hinzufügen? Diese Studie nutzt digital-literaturwissenschaftliche Methoden, um korpusbasiert neue Einsichten zu alten Fragen zu finden. Mit einem computationellen Blick werden die Forschungsansätze ausgewertet, ein Modell erstellt und ein Classifier zur automatischen Annotation von Indikatoren narrativen Raumes entwickelt und Beispielanalysen zu einem 100 Romane aus vier Jahrhunderten umfassenden Korpus durchgeführt. Dieses Kapitel gibt eine Einführung in das Thema und stellt die drei Teile dieses Buches vor.
Explicit multivariate approximations from cell-average data
Authors: Amat Sergio , Levin David , Ruiz-Álvarez Juan , Yáñez Dionisio F.
Published: December 2022

Given gridded cell-average data of a smooth multivariate function, we present a constructive explicit procedure for generating a high-order global approximation of the function. One contribution is the derivation of high-order approximations to point-values of the function directly from the cell-average data. The second contribution is the development of univariate B-spline-based high-order quasi-interpolation operators using cell-average data. Multivariate spline quasi-interpolation approximation operators are obtained by tensor product of the univariate operators.
Changes in the survival of patients with breast cancer: Poland, 2000–2019
Authors: Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano , Michalek Irmina Maria , Wojciechowska Urszula , Didkowska Joanna
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The main aim of this study was to estimate breast cancer survival in Poland over the period from 2000 to 2019 in both sexes.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Polish National Cancer Registry. The presented metrics included age-standardized 5- and 10-year net survival (NS), median survival times, years of life lost (YLLs), and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).

Results

Between 2000 and 2019, 315,278 patients (2353 men and 312,925 women; male-to-female ratio 1/100) were diagnosed with breast cancer in Poland. In this period, 721,987 YLLs were linked to breast cancer. Women presented a higher 5- and 10-year age-standardized NS than men (5-year NS: 77.33% for women and 65.47% for men, P < 0.001, common language effect size (CL) 1.00; 10-year NS: 68.75% for women and 49.50% for men, P < 0.001, CL 1.00). Between the earliest and latest studied period, namely 2000–2004 and 2015–2019, there was a statistically significant increase only in female survival (+ 7.32 pp, P < 0.001, CL 1.00). SMRs were significantly higher for women than for men (3.35 vs. 2.89, respectively).

Conclusion

Over the last two decades, breast cancer survival in Poland has improved significantly. Nonetheless, special attention should be given to the disparities between sexes and the gap in overall improvement of survival rates compared with other European countries.
Psychiatric Emergencies in Los Angeles County During, and After, Initial COVID-19 Societal Restrictions: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Huo Shutong , Huynh Michael , Du Senxi , Young Andrew , Ro Annie
Published: December 2022

Emergency department (ED) visits for psychiatric care in the US reportedly declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work, however, does not control for strong temporal patterning in visits before the pandemic and does not examine a potential “rebound” in demand for psychiatric care following the relaxation of initial societal restrictions. Here, we examine COVID-19-related perturbations in psychiatric care during and after the 1st stage of societal restrictions in the largest safety-net hospital in Los Angeles. We retrieved psychiatric ED visit data (98,888 total over 156 weeks, Jan 2018 to Dec 2020) from Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center. We applied interrupted time series methods to identify and control for autocorrelation in psychiatric ED visits before examining their relation with the 1st stage of societal restrictions (i.e., March 13 to May 8, 2020), as well as the subsequent “rebound” period of relaxed restrictions (i.e., after May 8, 2020). Psychiatric ED visits fell by 78.13 per week (i.e., 12%) during the 1st stage of societal restrictions (SD = 23.99, p < 0.01). Reductions in ED visits for alcohol use, substance use, and (to a lesser extent) anxiety disorders accounted for the overall decline. After the 1st stage of societal restrictions, however, we observe no “rebound” above expected values in psychiatric ED visits overall (coef = − 16.89, SD = 20.58, p = 0.41) or by diagnostic subtype. This pattern of results does not support speculation that, at the population level, foregoing ED care during initial societal restrictions subsequently induced a psychiatric “pandemic” of urgent visits.