bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resolving phonological variability in Bantu lexical reconstructions: the case of 'to bake in ashes'
Authors: Ricquier Birgit , Bostoen Koen A. G.
Published: February 2021

Notre connaissance très partielle des changements sémantiques et phonologiques diachroniques entraîne une inflation de formes dans le lexique du proto-bantou. La banque de données en ligne Reconstructions lexicales bantoues 3 (Bastin & Schadeberg 2003) contient de nombreuses reconstructions homophones dont les semantismes peuvent être reliés l'un a l'autre ainsi que de multiples reconstructions dont les formes phonologiques ne se distinguent que de maniere minimale. Ce phénomène est également connu sous le nom de ''osculance'' en bantouistique (Guthrie 1967-1971). La variabilité phonologique observée dans les reconstructions lexicales bantoues peut souvent être réduite par une réanalyse minutieuse de reconstructions synonymiques presque homophones. Dans cet article, nous le demontrons a partir du quadruplet osculant °-bùmb- / °-dùmbɪk- / °-bùmbɪk- / °-gùmbɪk- signifiant "cuire dans les cendres", qui peut être réduit a une forme proto-bantoue unique, et nous en évaluons les implications par rapport a l'histoire de cette technique culinaire dans les communautés bantouphones.
Social Identities in the Select Novels of Manju Kapur
Authors: Lingesaran B , Chitra P
Published: February 2021

India, Asia’s subcontinent stands a powerful and multi cultured society through people follows various religion, language, traditions and culture. India’s rich culture and traditions has become its identity in the diverse nation, although people are turning modern today, hold on to the moral values and custom. The culture in India is strongly from people’s living, rituals, values, beliefs, habits, respect, care and knowledge, etc. . This paper focuses on Indian culture with a strong emphasis on the different factors that shapes the traditions with social identity. The role of women, behavior of individuals, the place of the family, the community, marriage, cloths, jewellery, food habits and serving, restriction in social behavior, etc. are direct or indirect way.
Mildred D. Taylor’s Song of the Tree: Role of Women in Protection of Nature
Authors: Nandhini C , Mangayarkkarasi K S
Published: February 2021

Equal to man, every woman plays an important role in maintaining natural resources management and they have the respective knowledge and experience gained through close working with environment. Even in this present condition still some writers in their work concentrate on Nature and its importance. African American Literature, the body of the literature that produced in the United States by writers of African descent, highly concentrates on slavery before the American Civil War. Their oral culture is rich in poetry that includes spirituals, gospel, music, blues, and rap. Mildred D. Taylor is an author of nine novels including The Road to Memphis and most of her works known for social issues, mainly the problem faces by African American society. Song of the Trees originally published on 1975 is her first highly acclaimed series of books about the Logan family. The Novella is all about Racism, ruling the place and how the Hunger plays a vital role in the place. This paper highly shows that even in this pathetic condition how the female characters like Caroline, Mary, and Cassie struggle to protect nature and their environment from Mr. Anderson.
Empower Contradictory and Whimsical Culture in Gulliver’s Travels Part I & II
Authors: Damodhara Prasath B
Published: February 2021

The culture contradictions in two grotesque lands provide the whimsical experiences of the traveler. Swift explains the culture and politics in satiric way. He mocked England’s government and politics by describing the Lilliput and Borbingdang’s ruling. The people’s way of living expressed through their culture. The Lilliput was reversed from Borbingdang in all the ways. The Lilliputians has no reason, logic and justice in ruling. They followed certain culture in burial and in selecting official in the court which shows their stupidity. The Borbingdingians look for their country but didn’t had perfectness in anything. The Lilliputians were little but have a massive view for their living, while Borbingdangians were massive but little in their thoughts.
Gregory David Roberts and His Shantaram: An Overview
Authors: Pradeepa M , Priya M
Published: February 2021

In the list of Australian literary contribution, Gregory David Roberts draws a number of generic conventions to produce his noteworthy, Shantaram. The novel has acquired certain academic considerations also. Cosmopolitanism influences prominently in the novel which has allows it to transcend national boundaries. The novel is anomalous in the Australian literary landscape when considered its popularity. The entrepreneurial approach of Roberts to promote his writing which is closely bounded by criminology and its persona impact the ongoing success of the novel in Australia and other countries. The present article overviews the reviews and opinions of Roberts and his Shantaram, from media.
Media Manipulation as a Psychological Warfare in George Orwell’s 1984
Authors: Premanand K , Kasirajan M
Published: February 2021

The growth of technology has given the viability to media, which has emerged as ‘the third eye for humans to comprehend the world. The people are too dependent onthese technologies, where they have forgotten their real nature of life. Because of global surveillance, technology has become a double-edged sword, where individual privacy is been lost. Moreover, people have exchanged their precious gift of freedom for the technology, which has become the manacle that restrains them to the core these days. The media is used as a tool to manipulate the thought process of the people in this digital era. The politicians are using these strings to make the people as the puppets, they induce the thought within people and restrict them from thinking beyond. This paper attempts to study the effects of Global surveillance and Media manipulation through George Orwell’s 1984.
A Study on Employees’ Satisfaction and Perception towards Work from Home During COVID-19
Authors: Bansal Antima , Rajagopal K
Published: February 2021

Job satisfaction of employee is one of the most important factors when it comes to organization growth. The research on topic “Jobs satisfaction” is being conducted by several researchers and the factors that influence the job satisfaction is researched and reviewed over varied dimensions. One of the recent and contemporary approach is to explore the impact of work from home option (during this COVID-19 pandemic situation) on the job satisfaction of the employees. Due to COVID-19 whole world has already seen unexpected shift of the work place and work force from offices to home in almost all sectors. This also raised many questions around, whether the factors which were influencing the Job satisfaction factors earlier at workplace will hold good for Work from Home (WFH) facility. Main purpose of this study is to find out different influencing factor for employees to get satisfied while working from home. The present study has adopted the descriptive research design to make an analysis of those factors which effects employee’s satisfaction specifically while they are in the work from home option mode. The selected area for the study is Pune City. Both primary and secondary data is used for the study. Questionnaire will be framed for the collection of primary data. The Sampling Size for the study is 120 respondents who are working professionals selected using convenient sampling procedure across the business sectors. Appropriate statistical tools and techniques will be used for data analysis. The result of the study shows that the majority of employee were dissatisfied when they are working from home during the pandemic. There are certain critical factors like constant work pressure, prolonged working hours, very few options for interaction with the colleagues and peers, doing repetitive jobs without any break, and pressure from the domestic end in terms of family expectations and family commitments are causing utmost dissatisfaction when the employees are made to work fromhome.
A Study to Examine the Factors Influencing M-Banking Adoption in India
Authors: Lavanya Vannala , Yousuf Mohammed , Sankaran Raja
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the factors influencing the adoption of m-banking in India. For this study, four factors,namely, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Habit andTrustwere used to determine the consumer perception ofm-bankingadoption in India.Methodology/Approach: An online survey was conducted to collect data from 113 consumers using m-banking in India. IBM SPSS was used to test the conceptual model and to validate and statistically analyze the results.Findings: The factors Perceived Usefulness and Trust were found to be significant on Behavioral Intention, whereas Perceived Ease of Use and Habit was found to be not significant.Implications: Banking and Financial organization can use the results from the study to strategize and to attract consumers to adopt m-banking in India.
Artificial Intelligence in the Banking Sector – A Critical Analysis
Authors: Manjaly Joel , Varghese Ranjana Mary , Varughese Philip
Published: February 2021

“Computers will overtake humans with AI in the next 100 years. When that happens, we need to make sure the computers have goals aligned with ours.” The pros and cons of AI is evident in this statement made by Stephen Hawking.The last decade had witnessed tremendous changes in how each industry functions. The rapid growth of technology, internet and infrastructure has fuelled this disruption at a 10X speed.Talk of the town in digital disruption is Artificial Intelligence. Number of mentions of AI or Machine Learning in earning calls by public company executives shows an exponentially rising trend since 2015 as per the data by CBInsights. AI has brought in groundbreaking changes in the global banking industry. The future of AI in banking is enormous as the power of advanced data analytics can combat fraudulent bank transactions and improve compliance. AI technologies reduce costs in the banking sector by increasing productivity. According to Open Text survey of financial services professionals, 80% of banks are highly aware about the potential benefits that AI can bring to the business. What are the potential benefits of AI in financial institutions? Does adopting AI come with risks and costs? What are the regulatory constraints which could be the impediments for implementing AI in the Banking sector? This conceptual paper deals with risks, rewards, use cases and ways to adopt AI in the banking sector. This article also tries to identify the paybacks and also the key uses of some of the tools which are used by both financial institutions and central banks. It also indicates the main constraints of the technology and its likely consequences for the correct functioning of the financial system.
Nuevos tiempos, nuevas escuelas
Authors: Durá Gúrpide Isabel
Published: February 2021

En un momento de importantes cambios para la educación, el edificio de la escuela se identifica como una herramienta eficaz para acompañar estas trasformaciones. Se propone identificar las necesidades actuales de los edificios escolares de Mendoza, definidas en base a las características del nuevo diseño curricular de educación primaria implantado y los criterios sanitarios asociados a la pandemia de COVID-19, y confrontarlas con experiencias destacadas de edificios escolares que vinculan pedagogía y arquitectura. De esta manera, se pretende plantear líneas de trabajo para la adecuación de la infraestructura escolar a los retos actuales de la enseñanza. El estudio de las posibilidades del edificio escolar se aborda desde distintas escalas: se atiende a las características de sus espacios y las relaciones entre ellos y también al vínculo de la escuela con su entorno urbano y el territorio.
Una escuela ocupa mucho espacio
Authors: Espinoza Lucía
Published: February 2021

El ensayo sostiene que el programa escuela resulta, desde la perspectiva de la arquitectura, una temática de interés para repasar la actual situación de crisis de la crítica arquitectónica, volviendo sobre algunos de sus principales puntos de apoyo a partir de una tradición proyectual que se revisa intramuros como parte de su práctica, colectiva y cotidiana.La arquitectura pensada para proyectar escuelas, desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, configura una práctica colectiva de larga duración en la Argentina, basada en el repaso de temas que son propios del programa escolar pero en la que también participan problemas proyectuales que convocan al debate en arquitectura: por ejemplo, sobre su posición frente a la ciudad. Así, frente a la mutación del espacio público y la carencia de espacios diseñados para el desarrollo de la civilidad en la ciudad contemporánea, se afirma que la escuela resulta un programa estratégicamente atractivo para la arquitectura cuando esta se propone desplegar su agenda crítica.
Espacialidad y procesos de escolarización. Repensar la coexistencia de la multiplicidad, la habitabilidad y la igualdad
Authors: Castro Alejandra María , Faraci Mariano
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones en torno a posibles vínculos entre espacios, espacialidades, procesos de escolarización y derecho a la educación. Se ponen en juego categorías teóricas y analíticas de las ciencias sociales para abrir la mirada sobre las interacciones entre formas materiales, arquitecturas y proyectos pedagógicos. En cuanto a la estructura y organización del texto, en primer lugar, se consideran algunas preguntas en torno a estas interacciones y las implicancias que la interdisciplina, como opción metodológica y epistemológica, tiene en el estudio y el abordaje de la espacialidad en educación. En segundo lugar, se presentan algunas precisiones conceptuales sobre qué entendemos por espacio y espacialidad recuperando enfoques y categorías de las ciencias sociales que habilitan a repensar la espacialidad en los actuales procesos de escolarización en Argentina.
A Conjoint Analysis of Propellant Budget and Maneuver Life for a Communication Satellite
Authors: Öz İbrahim
Published: February 2021

Maneuvers require velocity augmentation to control a satellite at the defined orbit. The velocity augmentation provides achieving geostationary orbit, compensating orbital perturbation, orbit dispersion correction, and any other maneuver's operations for a communication satellite. All maneuvers and propellant consumption must be taken into account in the propellant budget for successful mission management. In this study, a straightforward method was proposed to calculate satellite maneuver life or associated propellant budget for general purposes. The method provides enough accuracy for general mission planning. However, communication satellite accurate end of life estimation, especially in the last three months is vitally important and depends on many factors. According to the performance requirement of procurement's standard, the propellant budget and associated satellite maneuver's life are calculated based on the worst-case or adverse three-sigma. The worst-case calculations include allocations for inefficiencies, velocity uncertainties, dispersions resulting from thruster firings, propellant residuals, the selected thrusting, and maneuver strategies' performance. High accuracy remaining propellant estimation is necessary for a successful end of life operation and decommissioning. The cost of early deorbit because of propellant misestimation is millions of dollars. Accurate remaining propellant and associated maneuver life analysis can be performed in different methods.The most common three methods are pressure, volume, temperature (PVT), bookkeeping (BK), and thermal propellant gauging (TPG). The propellant accuracy analysis shows that the propagation of uncertainties is related to system design, tank fill ratio, propellant load accuracy, orbital maneuver's inefficiency, pressure and temperature sensors, transducers, telemetry resolution, and error in equipment test data. Comparing the methods, PVT provides accuracy between ±27.81 kg to ±38.93 kg, depending on equipment size and accuracy. BK currently provides the best estimation and the highest gauging accuracy between ±9.83 kg to ±13.76 kg. TPG provides accuracy between ±10.52 to ±14.73 kg for some cases. However, the satellite operators request ±1 kg estimation of the remaining propellant to extend the lifetime and reduce costs. The satellite manufacturers should optimize propulsiıon and attitude control subsystem design and manufacturing, including propellant management device performance, applied sensors reliability and accuracy, and tank expansion performance over a mission life.
Drawing as a Periphery in Architectural Learning
Authors:   Universidade Lusiada, Leonor Ana , Rodrigues Madeira ,   Universidade Lusiada
Published: February 2021

The conquest of a dominant place over the members of the same race, with the result of using the power such a place allows and having the acceptance of the other members for being the leaders is a characteristic of the adult relationship between almost all animal species. The former time of childhood was dedicated to the imitation of the adults and to the experimenting of behaviors, or, in other words, learning and playing. Humberto Maturama believes that humans are, in behavioral tenns, an exception, as the time of childhood is extended throughout most adult life, which defines us humans as a neotenic race, and with the use of other behaviors, we have transformed what is the usual master/slave relation of adult members from other races. Like this, the family in the way we live it, becomes a human-invented structure that implies relationships between its members which are bounded by mutual trust and love. Mutatis mutandis we spend our life repeating relationships that use the same pattern. In this way, love would be the main engine of evolution and also our greatest invention.
The Changes in Character of the City Center in Sofia
Authors:   Bilkent University, Nanitchkova-Ozturk Maya
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to provide insight into the repercussions of the recent changes in power structures and economic system in Bulgaria on the architectural features of public spaces in the city center. Within the general instability and confusion, increasing deterioration of the public domain is observed and this is interpreted as a field of opportunities through which the meaning of architectural environment as support of public life and its social significance could be regained. Whether and how this potential can turn into quality depends on a variety of factors, some of which are suggested as areas of inquiry. These include value systems of the society and the architectural practice respectively and their relationship. The architectural environment cannot fully determine the public life of a city, rather it can support the attainment of the practical and spiritual needs of people, expanding experience while allowing for dwelling. In a general condition of confusion and deterioration observable in almost every aspect of life in Bulgaria resulting from the fragmentation of power, the change of the economic system and the instability of values, the weight of responsibility concerning the qualities of public space tends to shift. It is important to identify the changing features of public space in relation to the forces effecting them. Thus directions of inqulry into conditions promoting positive developments could be recognized in terms of aspects of cultural wealth of the society as well as in terms of reassessing the role of the architect-planner.
Constructing Knowledge of the Urban Site
Authors:   Columbia University, Kahn Andrea
Published: February 2021

This paper considers a fundamental but under-examined aspect of the urban design process: site analysis – or the production of site knowledge. While integral to design thinking, site analysis has historically sustained a notable lack of critical or theoretical attention in either architectural or urban design discourse. Because of this oversight, the assumptions and values underlying analysis methods are rarely, if ever, submitted to review. To reveal the formative role of site analysis in urban design thinking, this paper begins with a brief discussion of analysis, generally. It is followed by an equally abridged look at the conceptual biases of standard site descriptions and how these can effect urban design. Finally, I conclude with a few suggestions for an alternative approach to urban site study, which moves beyond the myth of analytic objectivity to posit analysis as the initiation of design.
The Architectural Foundation of New Urban Forms: The Case of Venice
Authors:   lstituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Sabini Maurizio
Published: February 2021

Since the declining phase of the Modem Movement, the geography of disciplinary power has considerably changed and there has been an increasing loss of social significance for architecture. However, urban design, seen as a “mode” of architecture, rather than as a discipline in itself, has still a primary role to play against this trend, for there are instances and places where urban form, more than feasibility studies, or planning programmes, calls for attention. Such a new role for the discipline can be found in a new approach by which architecture is foremost seen as the art of environmental relations. An interesting case-study in this regard can be the city of Venice, and particularly the areas of its latest (industrial) development, which are presently the focus of major rehabilitation projects. Some academic projects are used to show how voids and spaces are as important as buildings and volumes and that environmental relations among them, as well with the existing set-up, are founding elements of a new “urban form”. What these designs try to demonstrate is the existence of an urban demand of form by the city which only architecture, through its “mode” of urban design, can properly address. A demand for a new, though fragmented and partial, “architecture of the city”.
Jazz Space: Stabbing [Building] in the Dark
Authors:   Ohio State University/ Tulane University, Belcher Nathaniel
Published: February 2021

The fascinating ability of culture to construct "newness" by intermixing known categories has become both more apparent and more prolific in the expanding possibilities of twentieth-century communication technology. We are witnessing the production of a staggering number of new forms, a period of vigorous cultural cross-fertilization on a scale previously unknown. In this context, the growth of new directions in architectural pedagogy can only be stimulated by a consideration of how the phenomenon of cross-constructing or hybridization might be expressed in architectural spaces.
SEED BREEDING OF PERENNIAL CEREALS IN TAIGA ZONE OF TOMSK REGION
Authors:   Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat (branch of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the RAS), Urazova L.D. , Litvinchuk O.V. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat (branch of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the RAS)
Published: February 2021

The main goal of breeding and seed-growing work with perennial grasses is the creation and reproduction of intensive varieties that are distinguished by high productivity, adaptability, and resistance to adverse factors. The tasks of varietal seed production of perennial grasses in the taiga zone include the preservation of biological and economically useful properties inherent in the variety during its reproduction; ensuring timely implementation of variety change and variety renewal; accelerated multiplication of seeds of new varieties. It is important to cultivate each crop according to modern scientifically based varietal technologies that are developed for the conditions of the region. To create highly productive seed herbage and successful harvesting, it is necessary to take into account the biological characteristics of species and varieties. The choice of seed farming methods is determined by the ability of populations to retain their valuable properties in the process of seed reproduction. When developing promising methods of seed production of new generation varieties, it is necessary to study the reaction of plants to stressful phenomena and develop agrotechnical methods that allow plants to adapt to them with a minimum decrease in seed productivity. The development of seed production of perennial cereal grasses in the extreme soil and climatic conditions of the taiga zone contributes to the growth and stabilization of the gross harvest of seeds with high sowing qualities. The article presents the main results for 2015-2019. on perennial cereal grasses in the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Technology - a branch of the SFNCA RAS. Seed growing is carried out according to the traditional scheme. Due to adaptive varieties, the agroecological zoning of seed production is being improved. The aim of this work is to summarize the results of seed production on perennial grasses in the taiga zone of the Tomsk region.
METHOD OF COMPARATIVE VARIETY ASSESSMENT OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Authors:   Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Khanbabaeva O.E. , Berezkina I.V. ,   Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: February 2021

At the present development stage of the ornamental plants selection, there are almost no clear guidelines on the methodology for carrying out variety assessment. Applying the methods used in vegetable and fruit growing for the variety assessment of ornamental crops is incorrect due to the fact that when assessing varieties in ornamental gardening, the leading role belongs to such quality indicators as: color and shape of a leaf, flower or inflorescence, terry, aroma, number of peduncles etc. In addition, such important indicators for industrial floriculture or landscaping of territories as resistance to lodging, resistance to diseases and pests are taken into account indirectly. A characteristic feature of ornamental gardening, in contrast to vegetable growing and fruit growing, is the presence of a very wide variety of varieties within one species, differing in color, doubleness, height, field of use and other qualities, which is extremely important to take into account when carrying out a variety assessment. An integrated method of comparative variety assessment of ornamental plants, when converting all characteristics into relative values (points), simplifies selection and allows choosing the best varieties and hybrids in terms of decorative characteristics that best meet the requirements of modern production. At the same time, as a result of targeted selection, carried out within the relevant garden groups, a recommended assortment is formed, and it covers all existing typical flower colors, including early, middle and late varieties, in terms of flowering time, allowing to prolong the flowering of this crop. The developed methodology for a comprehensive assessment makes it possible to include in the modern assortment varieties that meet various purposes: for cutting in the open field, for forcing in greenhouse complexes and greenhouses, for landscaping gardens and parks.
CORD-LIKE BACTERIA – A LIVING BIOLOGICAL CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MALIGNANT CANCER
Authors:   Kalmyk State University, Kulyasov P.A.
Published: February 2021

In the study of the malignant cancerous thickening of the tumor-like nature in a cat’s mammary gland with the subsequent staining of the pathological material by the improved method according to H. C. Gram, a category of rod-shaped bacteria of the cord form was found. It was noted that these microscopic (visible in an optical microscope) bacteria are able to cluster into dense formations and, with an increase in the temperature of the external environment, form dense living “ropes” and “bundles” from tens of thousands microbial individuals. This gives them the opportunity, getting and reproducing in a favorable environment, thereby increasing their population in quantity, inside the living body of the diseased animal organism, pulling the affected parts of the body and its internal organs and tissues with cord-like overlays, leading to their microbial suffocation. The flow of nutrient and protective elements with the blood stops and the transmission of the nerve impulse is disrupted, which immediately leads the affected parts of the body to tumor-like growths with their subsequent necrosis (necrosis). Dead tissue, and in our case, the mammary gland of a cat, is an excellent breeding ground for the development and reproduction of colonies of ciliated microbes in it, capable of forming spores in case of unfavorable factors for their vital activity. Reproducing and becoming sexually mature individuals, within 20 hours (approximately, in time, less than one day), cord-like microbes begin to immediately form living microbial bundles of various thicknesses and sizes. Covering a certain separate area of living tissue with a microbial “loop”, squeezing the affected parts of a living body – blood vessels and nerves, thereby slow down, and in some cases completely stop blood flow and nerve impulse. All these negative factors gradually lead to the extinction of the vital tone of muscle and nervous tissues, which inevitably leads to cell death and the growth of a dense tumor-like neoplasm. Malignant cancerous tumor of domestic animals does not arise from the previously voiced chemical theory of Justus von Liebig, but because of the presence of a living biological pathogen – ciliate rod-shaped formed bacteria – inside the living parts of the body. Staining according to the improved method of H. C. Gram with blue dye (methylene blue) instead of a violet dye gentian violet, and a red dye (safranin) instead of Pfeiffer's carbolic fuchsin, allowed under the optical immersion system of a light binocular microscope with a magnification of 1000 times, to see special cord-like, wriggling loop-shaped forms, consisting of a large number of rod-shaped microbes. They are able to create inseparable twisted chains and “loops” from their tiny microbial bodies, which gives grounds to assert their significant role in the occurrence of malignant cancerous neoplasms.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXAMINATION OF ROE DEER AND WILD REINDEER MEAT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors:   Arctic State Agrotechnological University, Struchkov N.A. , Andreeva M.V. ,   Arctic State Agrotechnological University
Published: February 2021

The meat of wild animals is of great importance for the economy of the northern regions of Russia and occupies an important place in the diet of the local inhabitants. The hunting sector of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) provides the population with a significant amount of products from wild meat. In the region, it is allowed to use the meat of wild ungulates for food purposes (elk, reindeer, roe deer, red deer, etc.). This article discusses the issue of veterinary and sanitary examination of roe and wild reindeer meat in a comparative aspect. The study considered real organoleptic (properties of muscles in the section, texture, smell, transparency and aroma of broth), physicochemical (concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), presence of peroxidase, reaction with copper sulfate) and microbiological indicators (presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Coliform bacteria, QMAFAnM pathogenic microorganisms, including salmonella) of roe deer and wild deer meat, which were compared with the target indicators given in GOST. The material for the study was roe deer meat – 3 samples (Amginsky, Tattinsky, Churapchinsky districts), and wild reindeer brought from the Anabar national (Dolgan-Evenk) region of the Sakha Republic – 3 samples. As a result of the study, it was found that the studied samples of roe and wild deer meat meet all the requirements of regulatory documents, and that the samples under study are suitable for human consumption. It was concluded that both types of meat (roe and wild reindeer) are environmentally friendly products and may be used as an important additional source of meat for the population of the Sakha Republic.
PROGESTERONE AND GONADOTROPINS DYNAMICS IN THE BLOOD OF HEIFERS DURING ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION WITH THE USE OF SILICON DIOXIDE ULTRAFINE PARTICLES
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the RAS, Platonov S.A.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of controlling the links of hormonal regulation of the reproductive cycle of cattle using silicon dioxide in an ultra-dispersed form to increase fertilization during frontal insemination. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of silicon dioxide UDPs when used in the scheme for synchronizing the sexual cycle of heifers on the dynamics of progesterone, FSH and LH and the fertilization of animals from frontal insemination. The studies were carried out on breeding age heifers of the red steppe breed. We formed two groups by 10 heifers – the control and the experimental one. In both groups, the synchronization of estrus was carried out by double application of estrophan. In the experimental group, the animals were simultaneously injected with estrophan with a solution of silicon dioxide ultra-dispersed particles in isotonic sodium chloride solution (dose of silicon dioxide 10 μg/kg). Blood for the determination of hormones was taken from heifers on the 1st, the 11th and 14th days of the experiment. All animals were inseminated frontally with deep-frozen semen by the rectocervical method. It was found that in the experimental and control groups, the dynamics of gonadotropins during the induced sexual cycle was similar; however, the LH level before insemination in heifers of the experimental group exceeded that in the control by 0.81 ng/ml (34.4%). Fertility of heifers in the experimental group was 70.0%, in the control – 50.0%. The effect of silicon dioxide in the UDP form on the dynamics of sex hormones and the fertility of heifers from frontal insemination during estrus synchronization was studied for the first time.
CENTRALIZATION OF AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL SERVICE
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Denisov A.S. , Feklin E.V. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the theoretical prerequisites for centralization of automotive vehicles maintenance and repair as a regional logistics system. The concept of centralization is analyzed, the basic principles are considered. As a conceptual scheme of centralization, the scheme of the hub airport was adopted, to which all requests for maintenance and repairs flock and, after completion, are put into operation. To optimize this system, the mathematical apparatus of the queuing theory and criteria for the effectiveness of its application are used. The closed form of the queuing system is substantiated. The trend of efficiency indicators with an increase in the scale of the enterprise (the number of serviced machines) is analyzed. Efficiency indicators such as technical readiness ratios, fleet utilization, and productivity are increasing. Indicators such as specific investment in the production and technical base, the labor intensity of maintenance and repair, the consumption of spare parts are reduced. However, these dependences are nonlinear damping, which is explained by the action of the law of damped efficiency. At a certain scale of the enterprise (level of centralization), saturation and a sharp change (the so-called "breakthrough") of performance indicators occur either due to the structure of the production and technical base, or due to new organizational forms.
DEVICES FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATING THE LOAD OF THE FIELD FLEET VEHICLES’ WORKING UNITS BY THE METHOD OF STRAIN GAUGING
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Rogachev A.F. , Karsakov A.A. ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Kosulnikov R.A. ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Gapich D.S. ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

The efficiency of a field fleet unit is largely determined by the characteristics of the traction resistance of an agricultural machine, which are of a probabilistic nature and require experimental determination. The disadvantage of the known devices that provide measurements during the volumetric dynamometry of the working bodies of tillage machines and implements is the complexity of the design and a significant measurement error. To increase the accuracy of measurements of the dynamic loading of the working bodies of tillage machines, it is necessary to improve the measuring instruments that ensure the reduction of the error. The experimental determination of the loading of the working bodies requires the use of force sensors acting on the working bodies in different planes. Force transducers are mainly manufactured using strain gages, which are glued directly to parts with various cross-sections. To determine the efforts in the rods of the hydraulic linkage system of agricultural tractors use strain gauge fingers, which are cylinders with strain gages glued to them. It is shown that at equal distances l1 and l2 of the location of the sensors, the resulting signal does not depend on the l0 distance of force application on the axis of the finger. Typically, the calibration of force sensors is carried out on additional devices one by one under conditions as close as possible to real ones. The best calibration results will be when all sensors (strain gauge fingers) are installed in their original places and all sensors are calibrated at once. To do this, the intermediate plate is fixed with the help of tension fingers on the hydraulic tractor levers. Eyebolts are installed on the plate, to which a known force Р is applied three times and readings are taken from each of the strain gauge fingers. By solving the resulting system of equations, for example, using the Gauss method in the MathCad environment, all the calibration coefficients are simultaneously found. Additionally, a device is proposed, the kinematic diagram of which allows the use of a single measuring device, which simplifies the technology of measuring the force on the working body and increases its accuracy.
“NOVA” COMBINE HARVESTER MAIN INDICATORS ASSESSMENT BASED ON THE RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS
Authors:   Central Black Soil State Zonal Machine Testing Station, Golovkov A.N. , Moskovskiy M.N. ,   Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, Borzenko S.I. ,   Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM
Published: February 2021

The market for self-propelled combine harvesters in Russia is diverse, with all major global manufacturers present. The domestic leader in combine building is the Rostselmash combine plant. The line of the plant is represented by 24 types of agricultural machinery, and it is constantly being updated. One of the new models “NOVA” is designed for direct combining and separate harvesting of grain and other crops. Self-propelled combine harvester “NOVA” is designed for direct combining and separate harvesting of grain crops and other crops, and with the use of accessories supplied by a separate order of the consumer, for harvesting the grain part of corn, sunflower, grain legumes, cereals, rapeseed, on flat fields with a slope of no more than 8 degrees in all grain-sowing zones. The article presents an analysis and assessment of the main technical and operational and working technological indicators of this combine harvester, based on the protocols of the MIS of the 2016–2017 seasons, for three crops: winter wheat, spring rape and soybeans. According to the test results, the grain harvester “NOVA” showed high technological productivity and reliability, and the operational time availability factor was 0.995, the MTBF of the second complexity group was 125 g. The technological process of the tested combine corresponds to the coefficient 1. Based on the results of field tests, summary tables and the results are verified with regulatory documents, in such indicators as: productivity per hour, utilization rate of shift time, and specific fuel consumption during shift work (without loss of power). With the full satisfaction of the “NOVA” combine harvester with all official requirements, its indicators for grain loss behind the header, total grain losses behind the thresher, and grain crushing decreased even in comparison with those declared by the manufacturer.
ALLERGENIC AND IRRITATING PROPERTIES OF NEW SELECTIVE DRUGS BASED ON EXOSOMAL AND CHITOSAN PARTICLES
Authors:   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Kastarnova E.S. , Orobets V.A. ,   Stavropol State Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

Each drug, before being introduced to the pharmaceutical market, undergoes a mandatory set of preclinical and clinical studies, including those for allergenicity. As a result of the work carried out from 2015 to 2020 at the Department of Therapy and Pharmacology, selective preparations based on exosomal (Exazit) and chitosan (Chitasit) nanoparticles have been developed, and their physicochemical and pharmacological and therapeutic properties have been analyzed. This article presents the results of studying the allergenic and irritating properties of these drugs. To study the allergic effect after oral administration of drugs, 6 experimental and 6 control groups of guinea pigs weighing 250–300 g were formed. Testing of the sensitizing properties of drugs was carried out on days 10, 15 and 30 from the start of administration. The results of the conducted studies have established that the conjunctival test of sensitized guinea pigs, throughout the experiment, did not differ from the reaction in control animals. During a visual assessment of the state of the conjunctiva, cornea and eyelids of the eyes of experimental animals, it was found that the studied drugs did not cause irritation of the conjunctiva both immediately after instillation and throughout the entire experiment. The setting of the provocative nasal test did not cause hyperemia of the mucous membrane, sneezing and increased mucus secretion in animals. The percentage of degranulated mast cells in the experimental groups is less than 10%. Thus, as a result of the study of the allergenic properties of Exazit and Chitasit in guinea pigs, it was found that there is no allergenic effect that irritates the conjunctiva of the eyes and mucous membranes, the drugs do not cause degranulation of mast cells in rats beyond the permissible limits.
PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors:   Penza State Agrarian University, Zheryakov E.V. , Novokhvatskiy A.A. ,   Penza State Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

Sunflower production is an important task for the country’s agro-industrial sector. Environmental testing of promising sunflower hybrids in specific soil and climatic conditions is important, both from the point of view of theoretical research and practice. The studies were carried out on chernozem soils in the conditions of the Penza region in 2016-2019. The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of various sunflower hybrids in terms of productivity. The influence of weather conditions on the duration of the main phases in growth and development of various sunflower hybrids, and photosynthetic activity of crops was studied. When growing sunflower in 2016, biological ripeness occurred in early-maturing hybrids on August 27, in the mid-early hybrid 10 days later, and mid-season hybrids on September 19. In 2017, the biological ripeness of all hybrids came later compared to 2016. In 2018, biological ripeness came later than in 2016 and 2017. In 2019, early-maturing hybrids had biological ripeness on August 26 ... 28, mid-early September 4, mid-season September 20. Studies have established the peculiarities of the sunflower achenes formation depending on the hybrid: Neoma hybrid achenes were larger in comparison with the achenes of other hybrids, and the smallest achenes were in the early-season Amis hybrid. The mass of 1000 achenes in all hybrids was greatest in the marginal part of the basket. The highest yield of oilseeds on average over the years of research was obtained for the mid-season Neoma hybrid. According to the research results, the most productive and stable hybrids in the Penza region were identified, having an adaptability coefficient of more than one. The highest oil content in seeds on average over the years of research was obtained when growing an early-season Fortimi hybrid.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF COWS
Authors:   Vologda State University, Ivanov A.A. , Ivanova M.I. ,   Vologda State University
Published: February 2021

The relationship between the live weight of black-and-white and Ayrshire heifers in different periods of rearing and their productive longevity were studied. This issue had not been considered by scientists in a broad aspect. In this connection, its study is relevant. The aim of the study was to study the influence of the young cattle’s live weight in different periods of their rearing, in the process of development, and in dynamics, on the subsequent longevity of the dairy cows; this will increase the productive longevity of the main highly productive cow breeds in the Vologda region. To reach this goal, the following tasks were solved. Information on the retired broodstock of animals was collected. Samples by age categories of replacement young stock were made. The grouping of animals by live weight depending on their age was carried out. The information received was processed using economic and mathematical methods. Conclusions have been made. The role of replacement young cattle live weight on their subsequent productive longevity was studied at birth, at 10, 12 and 18 months. We have not identified the optimal live weight of calves at birth in the context of the studied breeds for their subsequent longevity. In animals in other analyzed age periods, groups of replacement young animals with optimal live weight were noted and identified. Moreover, these groups varied depending on the breed of animals. As a result of the research carried out, it is possible to recommend zootechnicians-practitioners certain conditions of feeding and keeping calves at different age periods to increase the productive longevity of the broodstock.