bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of High Resolution Computed Tomography Findings in Occupational Lung Disease: Experience in a Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Bhawna Satija , Ojha U. C. , Kumar Sanyal , Gupta Rajiv , Gothi Dipti , Pal R. S.
Published: January 2014

Objective:

To study the spectrum of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in occupational lung disease in industrial workers and to assess the utility of International classification of HRCT for occupational and environmental respiratory diseases (ICHOERD).

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective analysis of radiological data (radiographs and computed tomography chest scans) gathered over a period of 3 years (January 2010- December 2012) of industrial workers in an organised sector who presented with respiratory complaints. The HRCT findings were evaluated using ICHOERD.

Results:

There were 5 females and 114 males in the study, with a mean age of 49 years. These workers were exposed to different harmful agents including silica, asbestos, cotton dust, metal dust, iron oxide, organic dust, rubber fumes, plastic fumes, acid fumes, and oil fumes. There were 10 smokers in the study. The radiograph of chest was normal in 53 patients. 46% of these normal patients (21.8% of total) demonstrated positive findings on HRCT. When the radiograph was abnormal, HRCT provided more accurate information and excluded the other diagnosis. The HRCT findings were appropriately described using the ICHOERD. Bronchiectasis was the most common finding (44.5%) with mild central cylindrical bronchiectasis as the most common pattern. Pleural thickening was seen in 41 patients (34.5%). Enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymphnodes were seen in 10 patients (8.4%) with egg-shell calcification in 1 patient exposed to silica. Bronchogenic carcinoma was seen in 1 patient exposed to asbestos.

Conclusions:

Occupational lung disease is a common work related condition in industrial workers even in the organized sector. Though chest radiograph is the primary diagnostic tool, HRCT is the undisputed Gold Standard for evaluation of these patients. Despite the disadvantage of radiation exposure, low dose CT may serve as an important tool for screening and surveillance. The ICHOERD is a powerful and reliable tool not only for diagnosis, but also for quantitative and analytical measurement of disease, thereby contributing to assessing the medical epidemiology of lung disease. It should always be used while evaluating HRCT of a patient with occupational lung disease.
Preliminary Clinical Experience with Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in the Visualization of Breast Microcalcifications
Authors: Destounis Stamatia V. , Arieno Andrea L. , Morgan Renee C.
Published: January 2014

Objectives:

To compare the visualization and image quality of microcalcifications imaged with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) versus conventional digital mammography.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with microcalcifications detected on full field digital mammography (FFDM) recommended for needle core biopsy were enrolled in the study after obtaining patient's consent and institutional review board approval (n = 177 patients, 179 lesions). All had a bilateral combination DBT exam, after undergoing routine digital mammography, prior to biopsy. The study radiologist reviewed the FFDM and DBT images in a non-blinded comparison and assessed the visibility of the microcalcifications with both methods, including image quality and clarity with which the calcifications were seen. Data recorded included patient demographics, lesion size on FFDM, DBT, and surgical excision (when applicable), biopsy, and surgical pathology, if any.

Results:

Average lesion size on DBT was 1.5 cm; average lesion size on FFDM was 1.4 cm. The image quality of DBT was assessed as equivalent or superior in 92.2% of cases. In 7.8% of the cases, the FFDM image quality was assessed as equivalent or superior.

Conclusion:

In our review, DBT image quality appears to be comparable to or better than conventional FFDM in terms of demonstrating microcalcifications, as shown in 92.2% of cases.
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography Characterization of Fluorodeoxygluocose-Avid Regional and Non-Regional Lymph Nodes in Patients with Suspicion of Metastatic Bladder Cancer
Authors: Chaudhry Muhammad A. , Wahl Richard , Kadhim Lujaien Al-Rubaiey , Zaheer Atif
Published: January 2014

Objective:

The objective of this study is to assess if size alone can predict the presence of metastatic disease within lymph nodes seen on contrast enhanced-computed tomography (CE-CT) in patients with suspicion of metastatic bladder cancer and also to evaluate the nodal distribution and morphological characteristics of fluorodeoxygluocose (FDG) avid lymph nodes on CE-CT.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis from 2002 to 2009 was performed on patients with suspicion of recurrent disease undergoing restaging FDG-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Standardized uptake value (SUVmax) adjusted for lean body mass was recorded in abnormal lymph nodes in the abdominopelvic region. Distribution, size, shape, presence of necrosis and clustering of the FDG-avid lymph nodes was assessed on CE-CT obtained within 4 weeks of the PET/CT. The abnormal nodes were then compared with non-FDG avid lymph nodes on the contralateral side serving as control.

Results:

A total of 103 lymph nodes were found to be FDG-avid in 14 patients on 17 PET/CT examinations. Overall, mean SULmax was 4.7 (range: 1.6-10.7), which is significantly higher than background of 1.5 (P < 0.05). Regional pelvic lymph nodes were FDG-avid in 93% of patients and metastatic extra-pelvic in 100% of patients. The overall average size of the FDG avid lymph nodes on CE-CT was 11 mm with a third of these measuring 3-8 mm. The average size of FDG-avid lymph nodes was 11 mm in the paraaortic region 13 mm in the common iliac 9 mm in the internal iliac and 13 mm in the external iliac regions. Nearly 88.4% of lymph nodes were round in shape, clustering was present in 68% and necrosis in 7% and average size of lymph nodes that served as controls was 6 mm with reniform morphology in 92% and absence of clustering and necrosis.

Conclusion:

Overlap in size exists between FDG-avid pathological and non-pathological lymph nodes seen on CE-CT in patients with metastatic bladder cancer. Other characteristic such as abnormal morphology and clustering are useful adjuncts in the evaluation of nodal metastatic disease.
Venous Intravasation as a Complication and Potential Pitfall During Hysterosalpingography: Re-Emerging Study with a Novel Classification
Authors: Dusak Abdurrahim , Soydinc Hatice E. , Onder Hakan , Ekinci Faysal , Görük Neval Y. , Hamidi Cihat , Bilici Aslan
Published: January 2014

Objectives:

Presently, hysterosalpingography (HSG) is used as a means to evaluate women with infertility and repetitive pregnancy loss. Venous intravasation is a complication and potential pitfall during HSG and analogous procedures including hysteroscopy. The aim of our study was to assess the venous intravasation and to obtain critical information for more secure and more accurate procedures. In particular, the primary goal of the present study was to compare HSG without and with intravasation to identify differences seen on HSG and to assess the predisposing factors of intravasation. The secondary goal was to describe clinical- and imaging-based novel classification of intravasation.

Materials and Methods:

This study included a patient cohort of 569 patients who underwent HSG between 2008 and 2011 at our center in the absence (control group) or presence (study group) of intravasation. Intravasation classified from level 0 (no intravasation) to level 3 (severe intravasation) was compared with preprocedural (demographic and clinical) and procedural (HSG) data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software.

Results:

Of the 569 patients undergoing HSG, 528 showed no intravasation and 41 (7.2%) patients showed intravasation when associated with preprocedural (leukocytes, menometrorrhagia, secondary infertility, ectopic pregnancy, abortus, polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, and interventions) and procedural (pain, scheduling, endometrial-uterine nature, and spillage) parameters. Moreover, intravasation was lower in women with smooth endometrium, triangular uterus, and homogeneous peritoneal spillage. No association was found between age, tubal patency, increased pressure, and intravasation.

Conclusions:

Using a novel classification method, intravasation can be observed in women during HSG and associates with preprocedural and procedural predisposing factors in subsumed conditions. This classification method will be useful for improving the efficiency and accuracy of HSG and related procedures by minimization of severe complications caused by intravasation.
Double Coronary Artery Anomaly in an Elderly Asymptomatic Patient with Positive Electrocardiogram Stress Test
Authors: Cannavale Giuseppe , Trulli Fabiana , Colotto Marco
Published: January 2014

Malignant coronary artery anomalies and myocardial bridging are more common findings in young patients with cardiac symptoms, but these two associated yet different types of anomalies in an elderly patient has been rarely described. The following case describes the diagnostic use of 128-slice coronary-computed tomography images of an 82-year-old male, former professional soccer player, who reached the age of 82 years without any symptoms of coronary heart disease. In this patient, an association of a malignant coronary artery anomaly of origin and course (left descending coronary artery originating from the right sinus of valsalva running between the aorta and the right ventricular outflow tract), together with a long myocardial bridging over the obtuse marginal branch was diagnosed by multi-slice computed tomography thanks to an initial positive electrocardiogram screening stress test.
A Rare Case of Pericallosal Lipoma Associated with Bilaterally Symmetrical Lateral Ventricular Choroid Plexus Lipomas without Corpus Callosal Anomalies
Authors: Mahajan Parag Suresh , Al Moosawi Nawal M. , Hasan Islam Ali
Published: January 2014

Lipomas constitute less than 5% of primary brain tumors. Pericallosal lipomas (PCLp) constitute almost half of all intracranial lipomas. Corpus callosal anomalies commonly occur in cases with PCLps. Although PCLp is often described as corpus callosal lipoma, it is most often pericallosal in location. PCLps may have calcification in the periphery and may continue into lateral ventricles, which is a very rare presentation. We observed a case of PCLp with peripheral calcifications associated with PCLp continuing as bilaterally symmetrical lateral ventricular choroid plexus lipomas (CPLp) without any corpus callosal or other central nervous system anomalies, and as this is not been previously reported, we are presenting it. The appearance of PCLp in this case does not correspond to the descriptions of any of the existing morphological types (anterior and posterior) of classification of PCLps; it is rather mixed, where PCLp occupies both anterior and posterior locations around the corpus callosum.
An Exploration of Smoking Behavior of African Male Immigrants Living in Glasgow
Authors: Ezika Ejiofor Augustine
Published: January 2014

Introduction

The aim of this research study was to explore the smoking behavior of adult African male immigrant smokers living in Glasgow to inform and contribute to primary health promotion frameworks.

Methods

25 adult African male immigrant smokers living in Glasgow were recruited via consecutive sampling by soliciting for participation through the use of flyers, posters and word of mouth. Data collection occurred via semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The interviews were audio taped, after which verbatim transcription was carried out and the data analyzed thematically.

Results

The participants' smoking habits were influenced by cold weather environment as well as societal norms that appear to make the smoking habit more acceptable in Glasgow than Africa. It appears the more educated the participants were, the fewer cigarettes they smoked. However, there was only a slight difference in the number of cigarettes smoked between participants with a degree and those with a postgraduate degree.

Conclusion

The participants' smoking habits in Glasgow appear to have increased because of environmental variables associated with living in Glasgow, specifically the cold weather environment and high acceptability of smoking habits in Glasgow.
On the interaction between marine boundary layer cellular cloudiness and surface heat fluxes
Authors: Kazil J. , Feingold G. , Wang H. , Yamaguchi T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The interaction between marine boundary layer cellular cloudiness and surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat is investigated. The investigation focuses on the non-precipitating closed-cell state and the precipitating open-cell state at low geostrophic wind speed. The Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is used to conduct cloud system-resolving simulations with interactive surface fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and of sea salt aerosol, and with a detailed representation of the interaction between aerosol particles and clouds. The mechanisms responsible for the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the surface heat fluxes in the closed- and open-cell state are investigated and explained. It is found that the closed-cell state imposes its horizontal spatial structure on surface air temperature and water vapor, and, to a lesser degree, on the surface sensible and latent heat flux. The responsible mechanism is the entrainment of dry, free tropospheric air into the boundary layer. The open-cell state is associated with oscillations in surface air temperature, water vapor, and in the surface fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and of sea salt aerosol. Here, the responsible mechanism is the periodic formation of clouds, rain, and of cold and moist pools with elevated wind speed. Open-cell cloud formation, cloud optical depth and liquid water path, and cloud and rain water path are identified as good predictors of the horizontal spatial structure of surface air temperature and sensible heat flux, but not of surface water vapor and latent heat flux. It is shown that the open-cell state creates conditions conducive to its maintenance by enhancing the surface sensible heat flux. The open-cell state also enhances the sea salt flux relative to the closed-cell state. While the open-cell state under consideration is not depleted in aerosol and is insensitive to variations in sea salt fluxes, in aerosol-depleted conditions, the enhancement of the sea salt flux may replenish the aerosol needed for cloud formation and hence contribute to the maintenance of the open-cell state. Spatial homogenization of the surface fluxes is found to have only a small effect on cloud properties in the investigated cases.
Variability of NOx in the polar middle atmosphere from October 2003 to March 2004: vertical transport versus local production by energetic particles
Authors: Sinnhuber M. , Funke B. , von Clarmann T. , Lopez-Puertas M. , Stiller G. P.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. We use NO, NO2 and CO from MIPAS/ENVISAT to investigate the impact of energetic particle precipitation onto the NOx budget from the stratosphere to the lower mesosphere in the period from October 2003 to March 2004, a time of high solar and geomagnetic activity. We find that in the winter hemisphere the indirect effect of auroral electron precipitation due to downwelling of upper mesospheric/lower thermospheric air into the stratosphere prevails. Its effect exceeds even the direct impact of the very large solar proton event in October/November 2003 by nearly one order of magnitude. Correlations of NOx and CO show that the unprecedented high NOx values observed in the Northern Hemisphere lower mesosphere and upper stratosphere in late January and early February are fully consistent with transport from the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere and subsequent mixing at lower altitudes; an additional source of NOx due to local production by precipitating electrons at altitudes below 70 km as discussed in previous publications appears unlikely. In the polar summer Southern Hemisphere, we observed an enhanced variability of NO and NO2 on days with enhanced geomagnetic activity but they seem to indicate enhanced instrument noise rather than a direct increase due to electron precipitation. A direct effect of electron precipitation onto NOx can not be ruled out, but if any, it is lower than 3 ppb in the altitude range 40–56 km and lower than 6 ppb in the altitude range 56–70 km.
Historical and future carbon emissions from croplands
Authors: Smith S. J.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. We examine past and future carbon emissions from global croplands, considering land-use change, changes in crop productivity, tillage practices, and residue removal. We find that emissions over the historical period are sensitive to the assumed productivity of arable land that is not planted in a given year and the assumed fraction of soil carbon that is released during land conversion. The role of this "other" arable land, both at present and over the historical period, is not well understood and should be examined further. The carbon balance of croplands over 21st century depends on changes in management practices, particularly the adoption of conservation tillage and the potential removal of residue for use as energy feedstocks. We find that croplands will not become large carbon sinks in the future, however, unless most crop residue is left on fields. Given the relatively low carbon "penalty" incurred by removal, residue use for energy feedstocks may be the preferred option.
Urocystis skirgielloi, a new graminicolous smut fungus infecting Heteropogon contortus in India
Authors: Piątek Marcin
Published: January 2014

Urocystis skirgielloi M. Piątek sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of infected leaves of Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. collected in India. This is the first Urocystis species on the grass genus Heteropogon as well as on any grass genera belonging to the subtribe Anthistiriinae of the tribe Andropogoneae (Poaceae).
Hymenoscyphus subcarneus, a little known bryicolous discomycete found in the Białowieża National Park
Authors: Baral H. O. , Krieglsteiner L.
Published: January 2014

he discomycete Hymenoscyphus subcarneus was found to grow parasitic on the liverwort Cephalozia catenulata in the Białowieża National Park (Poland), and is described and illustrated from the fresh collection. Two characters, the ascus apical ring structure of the Calycina type and the contents of the living paraphyses (multiguttulate by low-refractive vacuolar bodies), have not been reported previously. In addition, a dried collection on Pohlia gracilis from Switzerland, Grimsel area, was studied. The relationship, taxonomy and infraspecific variation of the fungus are discussed. A new genus, Roseodiscus, is established to accomodate this bryicolous fungus together with two very similar equiseticolous species, Hymenoscyphus rhodoleucus and H. equisetinus. The three species are macroscopically characterized in the fresh state by a pale rosaceous-lilaceous hymenium and a mostly slender, concolorous or whitish stipe. Roseodiscus resembles Hymenoscyphus in various respects, but sharply deviates in the apical ring type which appears to indicate a more close relationship with genera like Calycina or Stamnaria. Rhizoscyphus ericae which forms a mycorrhiza with roots of Ericaceae, is compared with Roseodiscus. Based on vital observations of R. ericae this species is believed to be congeneric with the type of Pezoloma, P. griseum.
Syzygospora lapponica sp. nova (Syzygosporaceae, Heterobasidiomycetes) from Finland
Authors: Kotiranta Heikki , Miettinen Otto
Published: January 2014

A new Syzygospora species from Finland, S. lapponica is described and illustrated. The hitherto collections derive from Finnish Lapland and the species is apparently a mycoparasite of the rare old-growth forest dwelling polypore Antrodia infirma. The new species deviates from other species in the genus in having cylindrical, slightly bent spores and having a polypore as the host.
Cystogloea oelandica: an unusual new auricularioid species from Sweden
Authors: Roberts Peter
Published: January 2014

Cystogloea oelandica, a new species and genus of auricularioid fungi (Basidiomycota, incertae sedis), is described from the Swedish island of Öland.
A confusing duo: Calocybe cerina and Callistosporium pinicola (Agaricales)
Authors: Arnolds E.
Published: January 2014

The name Calocybe cerina has recently been applied for two different species of agarics. After studying collections from different European countries it is concluded that the true Calocybe cerina is very close to C. chrysenteron and best regarded as a variety. The new combination Calocybe chrysenteron var. cerina is proposed and a full description of that taxon is given. The majority of collections, identified as C. cerina, appear to belong to a fungus, provisionally described by Bon as Callistosporium luteoolivaceum fo. minor. It is described here as a new species: Callistosporium pinicola. Calocybe juncicola is another species that might be confused with the two species mentioned before and therefore a full description is provided. The status of the genera Rugosomyces and Calocybe is discussed. The new combinations Calocybe obscurata and Calocybe pudica are made.
Acaulospora rehmii and Gigaspora margarita, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) new for Europe and Poland, respectively
Authors: Błaszczykowski Janusz , Kowalczyk Sławomir , Czerniawska Beata
Published: January 2014

Morphological characters of spores of Acaulospora rehmii and Gigaspora margarita (Glomeromycota) were described and illustrated. Spores of the two species were found in field-collected mixtures of rhizosphere soil and roots collected in Poland. Attempts to produce spores in trap cultures succeeded only with G. margarita. All attempts to establish one-species cultures of the two fungi failed. Gigaspora margarita was for the first time found in Poland and this paper is the first report of the occurrence of A. rehmii in Europe. The known distribution of the two fungal species in the world is also presented.
Auriculariopsis albomellea (Agaricales, Schizophyllaceae) new for Poland
Authors: Wojewoda Władysław
Published: January 2014

The article deals with the taxonomy, ecology, general distribution and threatened status of Auriculariopsis albomellea Bondartsev Kotl. (Basidiomycetes). In Europe it is known only from Czech Republic, France, Sweden and Ukraine, in Africa from Canary Islands, in North America from Canada and United States. In Poland the fungus was found for the first time in NE part of the country, in a pine forest, on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Habitat and distribution of this saprobic fungus in Africa, Europe and North America are described, list of synonyms and important references are cited, Polish name is proposed.
Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) from Latvia
Authors: De Kesel André , De Kesel Krastina
Published: January 2014

This contribution presents new and historical data on the Laboulbeniales of Latvian Coleoptera. An annotated checklist of 26 taxa is given, 13 are new for Latvia. Only six taxa (accepted names) from Briedis’ historical list were found again and six more need to be confirmed as Briedis’ material was lost. A neotype is indicated here for the extremely rare Laboulbenia elaphricola Siemaszko et Siemaszko. Its morphology is discussed and compared with Laboulbenia elaphri Spegazzini and Laboulbenia vulgaris Peyr.
Some additional Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) new to Poland
Authors: Majewski Tomasz
Published: January 2014

Six fungal species belonging to the order Laboulbeniales new to Poland are described and illustrated: Dimeromyces corynetis Thaxter, Euphoriomyces magnicellulatus Santamaria, Laboulbenia cornuta Thaxter, L. manubriolata Thaxter, L. nana Sugiyama and L. olisthopi Spegazzini. The status of the latter species, also reported from Ukraine, is briefly discussed.
A contribution to the morphology and ecology of Mycenastrum corium (Agaricales)
Authors: Ławrynowicz Maria , Radwański Andrzej
Published: January 2014

An interesting collection of Mycenastrum corium from Suwałki Region (NE Poland) close to the Russian and Lithuenian frontiers is presented in this paper. Two specimens were found ca. 20 cm under the soil surface. Macro- and micromorphological features are compared with those of Mycenastrum corium growing at the surface.
Global warming and mycoflora in the Baltic Region
Authors: Kreisel Hanns
Published: January 2014

The author discusses possible effects of global warming on distribution and ecology of larger fungi, and presents examples of suggested indicator species which apparently are spreading from south to north. Only Basidiomycetes are corncerned, while actually no case of non-lichenized Ascomycetes is known. A continued monitoring of the mentioned species is recommended.
Three rare lignicolous fungi from Sicily (S Italy)
Authors: Venturella Giuseppe , Bernicchia Annarosa , Saitta Alessandro
Published: January 2014

Sarcodontia crocea (Schwein.) Kotl., Oligoporus mappa (Overh. & Lowe) Gilbn. & Ryvarden and Inonotus rickii (Pat.) D.A. Reid. are reported for the first time from Sicily (southern Italy). Ecological and distributive features on the three relevant species are also here provided.
Co-existence and interaction between myxomycetes and other organisms in shared niches
Authors: Dudka Irina O. , Romanenko Katerina O.
Published: January 2014

The ecology of myxomycetes co-existing with the Latridiidae (Coleoptera), bryophytes and ascomycetous, basidiomycetous and anamorphic fungi were studied in Crimea and at different locations on the left bank of Ukraine. Results from the left bank indicate that the Latridiidae feed on myxomycetes. Colonies of the most common 13 myxomycete species (which included Stemonitis axifera (Bull.) Macbr., S. fusca Roth, S. splendens Rost., Fuligo septica (L.) Wigg. and Mucilago crustacea Wigg.) were inhabited by 5 species of the Latridiidae. Myxomycete spores were present in guts of 19 of the 25 beetle specimens investigated. Beetles Latridius hirtus, Enicmus rugosus and E fungicola seem to be obligate myxomycete feeders, while Corticarina truncatella was clearly facultative. 13 species of myxomycetes were recorded on 9 species of moss and 3 species of liverwort developing on decaying wood or bark in the Crimean Nature Reserve. Relations between myxomycetes and bryophytes on woody substrata are spatial rather than trophic, and are possibly regulated by specific microclimatic conditions inside bryophyte thallomes. 69 species of myxomycetes were found co-existing with 36 species of ascomycetes, 21 species of basidiomycetes and 9 species of anamorphic fungi in the Crimean Nature Reserve. Associations formed by myxomycetes and fungi on different woody substrata are analyzed.
Natural substrata for corticioid fungi
Authors: Yurchenko Eugene O.
Published: January 2014

The paper reviews the types of substrata inhabited by non-poroid resupinate Homobasidiomycetes in situ in global scale with both examples from literature sources and from observations on Belarus corticioid fungi biota. The groups of organic world colonized by corticioid basidiomata and vegetative mycelium are arboreous, semi-arboreous, and herbaceous vascular plants, Bryophyta, epiphytic coccoid algae, lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, and occasionally myxomycetes and invertebrates. The fungi occur on living, dying, and dead on all decay stages parts of organisms. Besides, the fungi are known on soil, humus, stones, artificial inorganic and synthetic materials and dung.
Studies on phytopathogenic and saprotrophic fungi in rush associations of Lake Glinno (NW Poland)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz Kinga , Wróbel Mariola , Silicki Artur , Wolska Maria
Published: January 2014

During the vegetation seasons in years 2004-2005 the health state of rush plant species from Phragmition and Magnocaricion alliances around the Lake Glinno was investigated. From 13 plant species with disease symptoms 94 species of fungi and FLO were isolated. The highest mycological biodiversity was stated in Phragmitetum australis (24 species) and Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum (27 species) plant associations. The host species in which the biggest number of fungi and FLO species was observed were: Phragmites australis (37 species) and Carex acutiformis (25 species). The highest mycological similarity based on the Jaccard-Sörensen coefficient occurred between Caricetum acutiformis and Glycerietum maximae plant associations (50%) whereas the lowest value of the coefficient represented Glycerietum maximae and Phalaridetum arundinaceae associations (7%).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the respiratory system, digestive system and on the skin in humans
Authors: Dynowska Maria , Rosłon Małgorzata , Góralska Katarzyna
Published: January 2014

The results of observations on the occurrence of S. cerevisiae in the respiratory and digestive systems and on the skin in hospitalised individuals, mostly belonging to so-called risk groups of fungal infections, conducted over a period of five years (1999-2004), are described and discussed. The participation of S. cerevisiae in the mycocoenoses studied was 11.04% of all the recorded fungi. A significant increase in its prevalence, especially on the skin, was noticed. The fungus was mostly isolated with fungi of the genera Candida and Trichosporon, as well as separately in the last two years of the study.
Lichens of neglected habitats in Eastern and East-Central European lowlands
Authors: Motiejūnaitē Jurga
Published: January 2014

Situation of lichens of aquatic and transient habitats in Eastern and East-Central European lowlands is discussed basing on example of several selected species: Leptogium biatorinum, Sarcosagium campestre, Steinia geophana, Verrucaria aquatilis, V. hydrela, V. praetermissa, V. xyloxena. Both habitat types are generally very much neglected in the region and all species show large spatial gaps in recording, which makes it difficult to judge both about their true distribution limits and spreading dynamics. On the other hand, targeted search through the suitable habitats and abundance of such indicate that many of these lichens are probably not uncommon in the region.
A contribution to the lichen biota of Belarus
Authors: Golubkov Vladimir , Kukwa Martin
Published: January 2014

Details of 11 lichen and 1 lichenicolous fungus taxa occurring in Belarus are presented, of which 6 lichens (Cliostomum leprosum, Fellhanera gyrophorica, Lecanora thysanophora, Lepraria eburnea, L.jackii, L.neglecta) and 1 lichenicolous fungus (Tremella hypogymniae) are newly reported for the country; new localities of recently reported Lepraria elobata and L. incana s.str. are presented and the occurrence of Chrysothrix candelaris, Loxospora elatina and Pertusaria coronata is confirmed. The taxonomy of Chrysothrix candelaris is briefly discussed and localities of Cliostomum leprosum from Poland are reported.
The genus Echinostelium (Myxomycetes) in Lithuania
Authors: Adamonytė Gražina
Published: January 2014

Seven species of the genus – Echinostelium apitectum, E. arboreum, E. brooksii, E. colliculosum, E. corynophorum, E. aff. elachiston, E. minutum – are reported from Lithuania. Their morphological peculiarities are discussed; a key to the species, pictures and distribution maps are given.
Hebelomina neerlandica, a new species for Ukraine and considerations about the genus Hebelomina
Authors: Fraiture André , Hayova Vera
Published: January 2014

Hebelomina neerlandica Huijsman has been found near Kiev (Ukraine). It is an addition to the Ukrainian mycoflora. The specimens are described and illustrated. A synopsis of the genus Hebelomina is presented, with comments on the systematics and the distribution of its different species, which are all very rare.
Behaviour in cultures and habitat requirements of species within the genera Loreleia and Rickenella (Agaricales)
Authors: Bresinsky Andreas , Schötz Angelika
Published: January 2014

The term eco-geogram is introduced for surveying (in logical order) ecological and geographical data connected with fungal species. The database PILZOEK was established for that purpose. Eco-geograms are provided in this paper as an example for data retrieval from PILZOEK concerning the agarics Loreleia marchantiae, L. postii, Rickenella swartzii and R. fibula. The potential degree of endangerment is discussed in regard to habitat requirements. European species of Loreleia are not regarded to be endangered in Central Europe, although the risk to get threatened, because of low frequency of fruit body occurrence and quite a narrow substrate specialization, could be higher than in case of Rickenella fibula and R. swartzii. Cultures of Rickenella fibula, R. swartzii, Loreleia marchantiae (= Gerronema daamsii) and L. postii were investigated in regard to pigment accumulation, chlamydospore formation and some other characters.
Observations on the mycorrhizal status of Polygonum viviparum in the Polish Tatra Mts. (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Ronikier Michał , Mleczko Piotr
Published: January 2014

Polygonum viviparum is one of very few herbaceous plants known to form ectomycorrhiza; in the Tatra Mts. it is one of dominants in the alpine zone, but also descends down to the feet of the massif. Specimens of this plant were collected from 5 sites at the altitude range 900– 2150 m, from granite and limestone. It allowed an estimation of the ectomycorrhizal diversity as well as preliminary ecological observations. Roots were also stained in order to check potential presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Ectomycorrhizae were present in all specimens (with 2–5 morphotypes observed on single plants). In total, 17 morphotypes were observed and briefly described. The most widespread were the mycorrhiza of Cenococcum geophilum and a brightly coloured morphotype resembling the ectomycorrhizae of Russula sp. No important differences in ectomycorrhizal colonization between low and high localities were found. Observed general differences in abundance and diversity of mycorrhiza in P. viviparum between sites could most probably be connected with plant community composition (presence/absence of ectomycorrhizal shrubs maintaining ectomycorrhizal fungi), although mycorrhizae were present also in sites devoid of other ectomycorrhizal plants. Structures associated to arbuscular colonization (vesicles, hyphal coils) were occassionally observed, but without formation of arbuscules.
Armillaria ectypa, a vulnerable indicator of mires
Authors: Ohenoja Ester
Published: January 2014

A boreal-montane basidiomycete, Armillaria ectypa, occurs as occasional in northern Finland, mainly in the aapa mire area. According to the IUCN criteria it has been classified as a vulnerable fungus in Finland. Its ecology is in some way connected e.g. to the carices of wet mesotrophic mires.
Threatened and protected macromycetes in the Wkrzańska Forest
Authors: Friedrich Stefan
Published: January 2014

Eighty six interesting species of macromycetes, including fungi red-listed in Poland (84 species) and fungi protected in Poland (11 species), observed in the Wkrzańska Forest are described. A total of 460 species of macromycetes were recorded during mycosociological studies conducted in the period between 2003 and 2005.
Endangered macrofungi of selected nature reserves in Wielkopolska
Authors: Lisiewska Maria
Published: January 2014

The article presents localities of 123 species of endangered macrofungi found between 1955 and 2005 in 25 nature reserves in the Wielkopolska region, where mycocoenological studies were carried out. The distribution of these reserves is shown in the cartogram based on the ATPOL grid.
Microfungi of Carpinus betulus from Poland. I. Annotated list of microfungi
Authors: Chlebicki Andrzej , Chmiel Maria A.
Published: January 2014

The compiled microfungi list comprises 115 taxons noted in Poland, of them, 28 parasitic. 10 species of microfungi were host specialized (exclusive, or partially exclusive for hornbeam).
Leucopaxillus lepistoides, a new steppe fungus in Poland
Authors: Łuszczyński Janusz
Published: January 2014

The paper presents information on Leucopaxillus lepistoides (Maire) Singer, a new species for Poland. This fungus was found in two localities: the neighbourhood of Busko Zdrój and Chęciny (Little Polish Upland, S-Poland). Both localities were in the xerothermic grasslands belonging to the Cirsio-Brachypodion Order, Festuco-Brometea Class.
The genus Fusicladium (Hyphomycetes) in Poland
Authors: Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Małgorzata , Połeć Ewa
Published: January 2014

The paper presents new and historical data on the genus Fusicladium verified on the base of the recently published critical monograph. Fifteen species recorded in Poland under the name Fusicladium and synonymous Pollaccia and Spilocaea are reported; 5 are documented by authors’ materials from Central Poland while the other taxa are supported with literature data only, including three species belonging currently to Fusicladiella and Passalora. Three species, reported here for the first time in Poland: Fusicladium convolvularum Ondřej, F. scribnerianum (Cavara) M. B. Ellis and F. virgaureae Ondřej, are known from a few localities in the world. All the species are provided with the distribution maps and the newly reported ones are illustrated with ink drawings.
Tubakia dryina, symptoms and pathogenicity to Quercus robur
Authors: Kowalski Tadeusz
Published: January 2014

In 1999 disease symptoms on leaves of Quercus robur – necrosis, deformation and blackening of leaf petiole, followed by premature leaf fall were observed. Tubakia dryina was isolated from necrotic tissues and its pathogenicity to oak proved in infection experiments. The fungus caused necrosis of shoots and leaves. Dying leaves displayed also blackening of leaf petiole.
Attempts at active protection of Inonotus obliquus by inoculating birches with its mycelium
Authors: Piętka Jacek , Grzywacz Andrzej
Published: January 2014

Practical application of active protection methods of Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát. was examined. Thirty live birches and 15 birch stem sections were artificially inoculated with the fungal mycelium in the Mińsk Forest District (E Poland). The mycelium of I. obliquus was not recorded in the felled test trees and birch stem sections upon the completion of the experiment. Artificial introduction of I. obliquus in the natural environment faces significant problems caused by strong competition from other birch wood-decay fungi. As in vitro studies show (individual biotic effect determination), the fungi examined, occurring on birch trees in nature, are dominant species in relation to I. obliquus.
Persistence of ectomycorrhizas by Thelephora terrestris on outplanted Scots pine seedlings
Authors: Hilszczańska Dorota , Sierota Zbigniew
Published: January 2014

Thelephora terrestris (Erhr.) Fr. is a very common ectomycorrhizal symbiont (ECM) in conifer trees, however the role of this ubiquitous fungus in nurseries and Scots pine plantations is still unknown. It is described as tolerant of high nitrogen availability and therefore was taken into consideration as an important ECM partner of seedlings, particularly after replanting on post agricultural land. In laboratory the seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were inoculated with T. terrestris (Tt/IBL/2) or not inoculated (control) and grown in containers in two different regimes of nitrogen fertilization (4g N x kg-1 and 6 g N x kg-1). Next year these seedlings were outplanted in post agricultural land and 6 months later, the number and identity of some mycorrhizas were studied. It was found, that mycorrhizal abundance was higher in the inoculated treatments than in non-inoculated ones. PCR RFLP analysis confirmed share of two different isolates of Thelephora engaged in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Part of mycorrhizas had the same pattern of RFLP as the isolate used to inoculation. Similar results were obtained in second year of experimental study in the field what confirmed the persistence of artificially introduced T. terrestris in post agricultural soil as an important component of the ECM community.
Lichens of red oak Quercus rubra in the forest environment in the Olsztyn Lake District (NE Poland)
Authors: Kubiak Dariusz
Published: January 2014

A list of 63 species of lichens and 4 species of lichenicolous fungi recorded on the bark of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Poland is given. Literature data and the results of field studies conducted in the forest in the Olsztyn Lake District between 1999 and 2005 are used in the report. Fifty-five taxa, including lichens rare in Poland, for instance Lecanora albella, Lecidella subviridis, Ochrolechia turneri, were recorded.
Note on the distribution of some lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of the Tatra National Park
Authors: Flakus Adam
Published: January 2014

New data about the occurrence of 25 species of rare lichens and 3 lichenicolous fungi in the Tatra National Park (Western Carpathians) are provided. Of these species, Fellhaneropsis vezdae is recorded for the first time from the whole Tatra Mts. and Vezdaea stipitata is new to the Polish Tatra Mts. The distribution of the species in the Tatra National Park is indicated.
Estrutura do estrato arbóreo e regenerativo de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em Itumbiara, GO
Authors: Milhomem Michel Eduardo Valentim , Araújo Glein Monteiro , Vale Vagner Santiago do
Published: January 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812352As Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais ocorrem em alguns locais no Bioma Cerrado, mas estão sendo suprimidas em meio à ampla matriz agropecuária no Brasil Central. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a estrutura horizontal e vertical, as síndromes de dispersão, os grupos sucessionais e a similaridade florística do estrato arbóreo e regenerativo de um trecho de fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no município de Itumbiara, GO. Todos os indivíduos arbóreos vivos com circunferência do tronco a altura do peito (CAP) ≥15 foram identificados e medidos quanto à altura e circunferência do tronco em 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m. A amostragem do estrato regenerativo foi realizada em 25 subparcelas de 10 m x 10 m, totalizando 0,25 ha, alocadas no vértice inferior direito das parcelas utilizadas para a amostragem do estrato arbóreo. Nestas subparcelas foram identificados e contados todos os indivíduos regenerantes de espécies arbóreas com altura maior ou igual a 1 m até aqueles com CAP < 15 cm. Para o estrato arbóreo foi calculados: a densidade, frequência, dominância, valor de importância e a estratificação vertical. Nos dois estratos foram amostradas 100 espécies. A espécie com maior valor de importância no estrato arbóreo foi Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng) Mez, e no estrato regenerativo Siparuna guianensis Aubl teve maior número de indivíduos. Ambos os estratos apresentaram maior proporção de espécies secundárias iniciais e a zoocoria foi a síndrome de dispersão mais frequente. A estrutura fitossociológica atual mostra que o fragmento contém diversas espécies pouco representadas em outras Florestas Semideciduais, o que mostra a sua importância como área de preservação permanente.
El papel de la prensa escrita como agente socializador
Authors: Caldevilla Domínguez David
Published: January 2014

Nos hallamos en un panorama mediático regido por la irrupción de los nuevos formatos digitales fruto de la revolución tecnológica. Desde hace unos pocos años, han surgido nuevas formas de conocimiento que han modificado la interacción social. La prensa digital, aquella que se transmite exclusivamente en la Red, ha desplazado a la impresa clásica en los hábitos de consumo gracias a su nuevo lenguaje instantáneo y potencialmente audiovisual. Con el presente artículo pretendemos analizar el grado de participación de la prensa escrita, en especial del periódico, en la socialización de su audiencia. Por tratarse de una revisión histórica (no basada en hipótesis-deducciones), partimos desde la comunicación masiva para ir contextualizando el estudio y focalizarlo en los diarios impresos alcanzando un grado de profundidad que nos permita esclarecer el estado de la cuestión. Con objetivo de acercarnos a la realidad actual, efectuamos un estudio a lectores desde una perspectiva cuantitativa que aporte datos fiables que avalen nuestra teoría a modo de conclusión.
¿Participación y democracia en los medios sociales?: El caso de Twitter en las elecciones vascas de 2012
Authors: Cebrián Elena , Vázquez Tamara , Olbarrieta Ane
Published: January 2014

Al incorporarse a la política española, Twitter prometía revitalizar la relación gobernantes-gobernados y dinamizar el debate político en el marco de la política 2.0, unas expectativas que, según demuestra este trabajo, no se materializaron en el caso de la campaña de las elecciones autonómicas vascas de 2012. En concreto, el artículo analiza la actividad en las cuentas de los principales candidatos en estos comicios —@iurkullu, @lauramintegui, @patxilopez y @basagoiti— identificando el tipo de mensajes, su origen, su intencionalidad y los grados de interacción e hipertextualidad que presentan. Las conclusiones evidencian que en esta campaña Twitter no fue, en los casos analizados, un instrumento de política 2.0: la actividad es baja; el diálogo gobernantes gobernados no existe, por ser las conversaciones puntuales, de escasa profundidad y mala calidad, y no se desarrolla el potencial hipertextual de la herramienta, ya que lo más frecuente es que los tuits no incluyan enlace alguno. El trabajo no ha encontrado creación de opinión, ni discusión ni divulgación de material diferente a la campaña tradicional, y sí en cambio un apoyo a esta cercano al broadcasting de los medios tradicionales. Las diferencias encontradas entre los cuatro candidatos analizados no se explican por parámetros ideológicos o territoriales sino que responden a las diferentes tácticas de campaña tradicional, sin una estrategia diferenciada en política 2.0.
p97-dependent retrotranslocation and proteolytic processing govern formation of active Nrf1 upon proteasome inhibition
Authors: Radhakrishnan Senthil K , den Besten Willem , Deshaies Raymond J
Published: January 2014

Proteasome inhibition elicits an evolutionarily conserved response wherein proteasome subunit mRNAs are upregulated, resulting in recovery (i.e., ‘bounce-back’) of proteasome activity. We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor Nrf1/NFE2L1 mediates this homeostatic response in mammalian cells. We show here that Nrf1 is initially translocated into the lumen of the ER, but is rapidly and efficiently retrotranslocated to the cytosolic side of the membrane in a manner that depends on p97/VCP. Normally, retrotranslocated Nrf1 is degraded promptly by the proteasome and active species do not accumulate. However, in cells with compromised proteasomes, retrotranslocated Nrf1 escapes degradation and is cleaved N-terminal to Leu-104 to yield a fragment that is no longer tethered to the ER membrane. Importantly, this cleavage event is essential for Nrf1-dependent activation of proteasome gene expression upon proteasome inhibition. Our data uncover an unexpected role for p97 in activation of a transcription factor by relocalizing it from the ER lumen to the cytosol.
Photon-counting scatterometer with illumination adjusting and intensity stitching
Authors: Kiire Tomohiro , Meguriya Tomoyuki , Barada Daisuke , Hayasaki Yoshio , Yatagai Toyohiko
Published: January 2014

For scattered light measurements, a novel scatterometer that is based on photon counting using extinction filters is proposed. A photon counter is used as the detector, with the advantages of high dynamic range, high linearity, and detection of light down to the single-photon level. Extinction filters expand the dynamic range of the detector, and data acquired using the filters are stitched together. The use of the photon counting device and the extinction filters results in a dynamic range extending over 11 orders of magnitude. Light scattered by three parallel slabs of glass are measured, and compared with roughness parameters obtained by atomic force microscopy.