bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disruption of P2Y2 signaling promotes breast tumor cell dissemination by reducing ATP-dependent calcium elevation and actin localization to cell junctions
Authors: Mull Makenzy L. , Pratt Stephen J.P. , Thompson Keyata N. , Annis David A. , Gad Abanoub A. , Lee Rachel M. , Chang Katarina T. , Stemberger Megan B. , Ju Julia A. , Gilchrist Darin E. , Boyman Liron , Vitolo Michele I. , Lederer W. Jonathan , Martin Stuart S.
Published: April 2023

The tumor microenvironment and wound healing after injury both contain extremely high concentrations of the extracellular signaling molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) compared to normal tissue. P2Y2 receptor, an ATP-activated purinergic receptor, is typically associated with pulmonary, endothelial, and neurological cell signaling. Here we report its role and importance in breast epithelial cell signaling and how it is altered in metastatic breast cancer. In response to ATP activation, P2Y2 receptor signaling causes an increase of intracellular Ca2+in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells, while their tumorigenic and metastatic counterparts have significantly reduced Ca2+responses. The non-tumorigenic cells respond to increased Ca2+with actin polymerization and localization to cell edges, while the metastatic cells remained unaffected. The increase in intracellular Ca2+after ATP stimulation was blunted using a P2Y2 antagonist, which also prevented actin mobilization and caused cell dissemination from spheroids in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, the lack of Ca2+concentration changes and actin mobilization in the metastatic breast cancer cells could be due to reduced P2Y2 expression, which correlates with poorer overall survival in breast cancer patients. This study elucidates rapid changes that occur after elevated intracellular Ca2+in breast epithelial cells and how metastatic cancer cells have adapted to evade this cellular response.
Fornix fractional anisotropy mediates the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and memory four years later in older adults without dementia
Authors: Ruiz-Rizzo Adriana L. , Finke Kathrin , Damoiseaux Jessica S. , Bartels Claudia , Buerger Katharina , Cosma Nicoleta Carmen , Dechent Peter , Dobisch Laura , Ewers Michael , Fliessbach Klaus , Frommann Ingo , Glanz Wenzel , Goerss Doreen , Hetzer Stefan , Incesoy Enise I. , Janowitz Daniel , Kilimann Ingo , Laske Christoph , Melo van Lent Debora , Munk Matthias H. J. , Peters Oliver , Priller Josef , Ramirez Alfredo , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Roy Nina , Scheffler Klaus , Schneider Anja , Spottke Annika , Spruth Eike Jakob , Teipel Stefan , Wagner Michael , Wiltfang Jens , Yakupov Renat , Jessen Frank , Duezel Emrah , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan ,   the DELCODE study group
Published: April 2023

Here, we investigated whether fractional anisotropy (FA) of hippocampus-relevant white-matter tracts mediates the association between baseline Mediterranean diet adherence (MeDiAd) and verbal episodic memory over four years. Participants were healthy older adults with and without subjective cognitive decline and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment from the DELCODE cohort study (n= 376; age: 71.47 ± 6.09 years; 48.7% female). MeDiAd and diffusion data were obtained at baseline. Verbal episodic memory was assessed at baseline and four yearly follow-ups. The associations between baseline MeDiAd and white matter, and verbal episodic memory’smeanandrate of changeover four years were tested with latent growth curve modeling. Baseline MeDiAd was associated with verbal episodic memory four years later (95% confidence interval, CI [0.01, 0.32]) but not with its rate of change over this period. Baseline Fornix FA mediated – and, thus, explained – that association (95% CI [0.002, 0.09]). Fornix FA may be an appropriate response biomarker of Mediterranean diet interventions on verbal memory in older adults.
The evidence of trace amounts of methane of uncertain origin released from cerambycid larvae ofStictoleptura rubra
Authors: Walczyńska Aleksandra , Purdy Kevin , Nęcki Jarosław
Published: April 2023

Insects release methane as a result of their symbiosis with methanogenic microorganisms. This phenomenon has been well studied in termites but is still poorly known in other insects, among which the most likely methane producers are wood-feeders. We applied two methodological approaches to examine whether the wood-feeding larvae ofStictoleptura rubra(Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) release methane. By means of the precise gas chromatography we detected a methane release at the rate of 0.02-0.05 nmol/g×hr. We also investigated the gut Archaea assemblage by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and T-RFLP analysis. Halophilic archaea but no known methanogens were detected. Combined with our chromatographic studies showing small but significant amount of methane release, one possible explanation is that the detected archaeons are methanogenic although this is unlikely. Our results offer the first evidence of methane release by a longhorn (cerambycid) beetle, which may be the small amounts of methane all organisms produce abiotically but the actual mechanism of this consistent methanogenesis remains intriguingly unknown.

Originality-Significance Statement

The research presented here goes beyond the long-established tracks on the symbiotic basis of insect methanogenesis and shows that there are areas still scarcely covered so far, with great exploratory potential.
Pair distribution function analysis of nano-object assemblies
Authors: Zhang Yugang , Gang Oleg
Published: April 2023

The atomic pair distribution function (aPDF) analysis technique, also known as the total scattering method, which considers both Bragg and diffuse scattering, has been used extensively to probe local atomic arrangements in crystalline and disordered materials. In contrast, there have been limited applications of the PDF in self-assembled nanomaterials, which represent a class of materials built from nanoscale objects, such as nano-colloids, micelles and proteins. As distinguished from atoms, nano-objects have polydispersity in size and shape, and such form-factor effects complicate the application of PDF analysis to nano-systems. Herein, the application of the PDF is extended to spherical nano-object assemblies and the formulae for the nano-PDF (nPDF) are derived, showing some differences from the aPDF. By numerical simulations, the properties of the nPDF (peak broadening and pattern profile) are studied systematically as a function of structural features, such as nano-object parameters (size and size polydispersity) and assembly structural features (size, shape, structure type and lattice disorder), and of data processing parameters (q cut-off and `missing' data in ultra-small-angle regions). The nPDF analysis method is found to provide an effective route to revealing not only nanoscale but also mesoscale structural properties, for example the morphology of a nano-assembly.
Buffer allocation in construction projects: a disruption mitigation approach
Authors: Zarghami Seyed Ashkan , Zwikael Ofer
Published: April 2023

Purpose

A variety of buffer allocation methods exist to distribute an aggregated time buffer among project activities. However, these methods do not pay simultaneous attention to two key attributes of disruptive events that may occur during the construction phase: probability and impact. This paper fills this research gap by developing a buffer allocation method that takes into account the synergistic impact of these two attributes on project activities.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper develops a three-step method, calculating the probability that project activities are disrupted in the first step, followed by measuring the potential impact of disruption on project activities, and then proposing a risk-informed buffer allocation index by simultaneously integrating probability and impact outputs from the first two steps.

Findings

The proposed method provides more accurate results by sidestepping the shortcomings of conventional fuzzy-based and simulation-based methods that are purely based on expert judgments or historical precedence. Further, the paper provides decision-makers with a buffer allocation method that helps in developing cost-effective buffering and backup strategies by prioritizing project activities and their required resources.

Originality/value

This paper develops a risk-informed buffer allocation method that differs from those already available. The simultaneous pursuit of the probability and impact of disruptions distinguishes our method from conventional buffer allocation methods. Further, this paper intertwines the research domains of complexity science and construction management by performing centrality analysis and incorporating a key attribute of project complexity (i.e. the interconnectedness between project activities) into the process for buffer allocation.
Applications of metaverse-related technologies in the services of US urban libraries
Authors: Guo Yajun , Yuan Yiming , Li Shuai , Guo Yiruo , Fu Yiyang , Jin Zihan
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the applications of metaverse-related technologies in US urban libraries, explore excellent cases of US urban libraries' practices in using metaverse-related technologies to serve patrons and try to find the factor that may affect the application of metaverse-related technologies in libraries at this stage.

Design/methodology/approach

To gather information about how and whether libraries use metaverse-related technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) technology, radio frequency identification (RFID), virtual reality augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) in their services. Firstly, the authors visit 150 US urban library websites that are members of the Urban Libraries Council. Secondly, the authors calculate the proportion of services provided by urban libraries that use metaverse-related technologies and introduce outstanding cases. Lastly, the authors discuss the factors that influence the application of metaverse-related technologies in urban libraries in the United States based on data published by the Institute of Museum and Library Services.

Findings

Metaverse-related technologies have been widely used in US urban libraries, but there are differences in the popularity of the applications of different technologies. In all, 84% of libraries use 3D technology, mainly in 3D printing services and 3D model building services; 76% of libraries use virtual and augmented reality technologies in their services, mainly concentrated in head-mounted VR device experiences, AR device experiences, virtual tours and virtual exhibitions; 62% of libraries use Internet of things (IoT) technology, mainly in self-checkout machines and book location services. However, AI technologies are less used in libraries, with 28% of libraries mentioning the applications of AI in their services, mainly focusing on intelligent search, virtual assistants and robot librarians. In addition, this study finds that library operating expenditures and population served do not affect the application of metaverse-related technologies in libraries.

Originality/value

This paper provides updated statistical data on the use of metaverse-related technologies in US urban libraries and aims to help library managers understand the overall applications and best practices. With this as an inspiration, they could formulate corresponding development plans to better serve their communities with metaverse-related technologies.
Perennial crisis and the loss of flexibility
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland
Published: April 2023

Crisis interrupts routine in unwelcome ways with an uncertain outcome. The Greek wordkrisis(κρíσις), which is etymologically close to criterion and criticism, was occasionally used in relation to social ailments. However, more often, it was used to refer to a medical condition characterized by a high fever. A critical condition in English and other European languages refers to a similar situation. Two possible outcomes were envisioned in ancient Greece: you died or you recovered. In the contemporary world, the term ‘crisis’ can be of limited relevance since crisis is endemic and chronic in one or several domains virtually everywhere. There are two general causes for this: accelerated, runaway globalization generates unpredictable, unintentional side effects; and different parts of a lifeworld change at different speeds, leading to disjunctures and destabilization. Perhaps volatility is a more appropriate term.
Crisis as potential for collective action: Violence and humanitarianism on the Polish‐Ukrainian border
Authors: Dunn Elizabeth Cullen , Kaliszewska Iwona
Published: April 2023

The notion of crisis has evolved from a sudden, acute event to a broader disruption of stable historical narratives and the future. This article explores how the crisis surrounding the Russian invasion of Ukraine challenged the inevitability of Poland's membership in the West and threatened to catapult it back into a history of war and Russian domination. However, for Polish volunteers aiding Ukrainian refugees and the military, the crisis was also a temporality in which their actions took on outsize importance. By working on seemingly mundane tasks of provisioning and transport, they attempted to shape history and, in doing so, redefined the concept of humanitarianism in times of crisis. This article highlights how crisis can serve as a potential for collective action, blurring the distinction between individual and collective agency and redefining how people respond to crises.
The Lexicon of Emoji? Conventionality Modulates Processing of Emoji
Authors: Weissman Benjamin , Engelen Jan , Baas Elise , Cohn Neil
Published: April 2023

Emoji have been ubiquitous in communication for over a decade, yet how they derive meaning remains underexplored. Here, we examine an aspect fundamental to linguistic meaning‐making: the degree to which emoji have conventional lexicalized meanings and whether that conventionalization affects processing in real‐time. Experiment 1 establishes a range of meaning agreement levels across emoji within a population; Experiment 2 measures accuracy and response times to word‐emoji pairings in a match/mismatch task. In this experiment, we found that accuracy and response time both correlated significantly with the level of population‐wide meaning agreement from Experiment 1, suggesting that lexical access of single emoji may be comparable to that of words, even out of context. This is consistent with theories of a multimodal lexicon that stores links between meaning, structure, and modality in long‐term memory. Altogether, these findings suggest that emoji can allow a range of entrenched, lexicalized representations.
Temporal inhibition of the electron transport chain attenuates stress‐induced cellular senescence by prolonged disturbance of proteostasis in human fibroblasts
Authors: Takenaka Yasuhiro , Inoue Ikuo , Hirasaki Masataka , Ikeda Masaaki , Kakinuma Yoshihiko
Published: April 2023

We previously developed a stress‐induced premature senescence (SIPS) model in which normal human fibroblast MRC‐5 cells were treated with either the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the vacuolar‐type ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BAFA1). To clarify the involvement of mitochondrial function in our SIPS model, MRC‐5 cells were treated with MG132 or BAFA1 along with an inhibitor targeting either the electron transport chain complex I or complex III, or with a mitochondrial uncoupler. SIPS induced by MG132 or BAFA1 was significantly attenuated by short‐term co‐treatment with the complex III inhibitor, antimycin A (AA), but not the complex I inhibitor, rotenone or the mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone. By co‐treatment with AA, mitochondrial and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, accumulation of protein aggregates and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses (UPRmt) were remarkably suppressed. Furthermore, AA co‐treatment suppressed the hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and the induction of mitophagy observed in MG132‐treated cells and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings provide evidence that the temporal inhibition of mitochondrial respiration exerts protective effects against the progression of premature senescence caused by impaired proteostasis.
Double‐edged effects of anthropogenic activities on lake ecological dynamics in northern China: Evidence from palaeolimnology and ecosystem modelling
Authors: Zhang Can , Kong Xiangzhen , Xue Bin , Zhao Cheng , McGowan Suzanne , Lin Qi , Zhang Ke , Shen Ji
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Climate change and anthropogenic activities mutually degraded global lake ecosystems during the Anthropocene. Nutrient mitigation via catchment management has been a constant priority for lake ecological restoration; however, the outcomes after mitigation remain uncertain. In particular, there is limited knowledge on the effects of large‐scale forest restoration and soil erosion reduction in catchments on the ecological dynamics of downstream aquatic systems.

Here, we study a strategically chosen alpine lake from the Loess Plateau in northern China, which has been extensively afforested in the past decades. We present high‐resolution, multi‐proxy records to reconstruct environmental and ecological dynamics since 1960. To quantify the potential mechanisms, we combined evidence from palaeolimnological records, contemporary field observations and process‐based ecosystem modelling. We developed palaeorecord‐based proxies for water transparency, nutrient concentrations and algal composition, and applied these proxies to ecosystem modelling.

Our results show that despite the concurrent decline in nutrient levels, the lake ecosystem has experienced large‐magnitude rapid shifts since 2000, characterised by unambiguously increased algae proliferation and community changes. The modelling results revealed that the reduction in soil erosion acts as a “double‐edged sword”; that is, lower external nutrient loading via soil erosion is ideal for in‐lake algae inhibition, whereas increasing light availability counteracts the reduced yet still sufficient nutrient concentrations and, ultimately, promotes temporary algal proliferation via extended habitats and intensive photosynthesis. Intriguingly, lake warming plays a secondary role in driving these ecological dynamics.

Our results emphasised the unexpected algal proliferation when the nutrient level declined in lake ecosystems; thus, other compound factors, including water transparency and climate warming, need to be incorporated for reliable prediction and effective restoration. A multi‐disciplinary approach integrating palaeorecords as ecological indicators and process‐based ecosystem modelling holds great potential for investigating long‐term lake ecological dynamics in the context of rapid global changes.
Antibacterial sachet from the β‐Cyclodextrin/lemongrass oil inclusion complex for shrimp freshness
Authors: Yunilawati Retno , Handayani Windri , Oktarina Eva , Imawan Cuk , Rahmi Dwinna , Umar Aminah , Fauzia Vivi
Published: April 2023

Antibacterial sachets are one of the technological approaches to maintaining food freshness by releasing active compounds through the headspace to inhibit bacterial growth. In this study, an antibacterial sachet was developed from the inclusion complex of β‐cyclodextrin/lemongrass oil (β‐CD/LO) to maintain the freshness of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The β‐CD/LO inclusion complex was prepared using the co‐precipitation method. The antibacterial sachet was prepared by filling a nonwoven fabric bag with 1 g of the β‐CD/LO inclusion complex, inserted inside the shrimp packaging, and stored for 30 h at room temperature. The total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) value was monitored as a spoilage indicator caused by bacterial activity during storage. The inclusion complex had antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 8739 and S. aureus ATCC25923 which correlates with its ability to inhibit shrimp spoilage due to bacterial activity. The release study suggested that the inclusion complex exhibited a sustainable release of active compounds, ensuring protection against evaporation and maintaining the active compound for a long time. The TVBN value of the control shrimp had exceeded the threshold (>25 mg/100 g) after 18 h of storage, whereas in the packaged shrimp with the addition of antibacterial sachets, the same TVBN levels were reached after 30 h. The shelf life of shrimp can be extended up to 12 h at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C) because the active compounds reach the surface of the shrimp in a controlled manner so that bacterial growth can be inhibited.
Analysis of changes in gel properties during retrogradation of four kinds of sorghum starch
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Gao Fei , Li Xiaoqiang , Li Xin , Liu Ziwei , Zou Xiangyu , Jin Limei , Li Zhijiang , Wang Lidong
Published: April 2023

In this study, four kinds of sorghum starch gels containing different amylose were taken as the research objects and stored for 28 days. The parameter changes of gel properties during the retrogradation of different varieties of sorghum starches were observed using X‐ray diffraction, Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance, textural, rheological and anti‐enzymatic hydrolysis capacity studies to construct kinetic models for the retrogradation. The results showed that the degree of retrogradation, crystallinity and anti‐enzymatic hydrolysis capacity of sorghum starch increased with the prolongation of storage time, and the crystal forms of H5 (Hongnuo No. 5 sorghum) and L13 (Longza No.13 sorghum) starch changed from type A to B. Among the four kinds of starch, L13 starch had the highest degree of retrogradation, and H5 starch had the strongest recrystallisation ability. The hardness of L13 retrograded starch gel grew fastest with increasing storage time, while the viscoelasticity of H1 (Hongnuo No.1 sorghum) retrograded starch showed a stable trend. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance was used to detect that the L1 (Longmiliang No.1 sorghum) retrograded starch gel had more free water. The crystallisation rate was positively correlated with hardness, resistant starch content and crystallinity and negatively correlated with springiness, gumminess and resilience.
Authentic leadership, organizational culture and the effects of hospital quality management practices on quality of care and patient satisfaction
Authors: Tate Kaitlyn , Penconek Tatiana , Dias Bruna Moreno , Cummings Greta G. , Bernardes Andrea
Published: April 2023

Aim

To examine the influence of hospital culture and authentic leadership on the effects of quality improvement practices on patient satisfaction.

Background

Nurses in formal leadership roles shape and are shaped by organizational culture to achieve high performance standards to influence quality of care.

Design

Using structural equation modelling, we tested a model on quality improvement practices across three participant groups that differed based on authentic leadership and hospital culture.

Methods

We used survey data from a cross‐sectional study conducted in 2015 measuring nurse. Managers' perceptions of authentic leadership, implementation of quality improvement, and organizational culture in Canadian hospitals.

Results

226 nurse managers participated. Our model estimations fit for the high‐relational group and mixed group. Our model explained 50.7% and 39.5% variance in our outcome variable of patient satisfaction for the high‐relational group and mixed group, respectively. Our model failed to fit the low‐relational group.

Conclusion

Authentic leadership and developmental/group hospital cultures improve quality management practices, quality of care and patient satisfaction. In organizations with low authentic leadership and hierarchical/rational cultures, strategies should target increasing authentic leadership and shifting to developmental cultures. Organizations with high authentic leadership and/or developmental/group cultures should target employee engagement, autonomy and teamwork.

Impact

We examined how different combinations of authentic leadership and hospital culture influence the effects of quality management practices on quality improvement and patient satisfaction. Findings demonstrate that having both high authentic leadership and developmental or group hospital cultures are essential for quality improvement practices to enhance the quality of care and patient satisfaction. These organizations would benefit the most from systemic programs aimed at standardizing quality management practices as they have the culture and leadership to support these practices. For hospitals with hierarchical/rational cultures and/or low authentic leadership, enhancing hospital culture and leadership through leadership training and accreditation programs is critically needed.

Patient or Public Contribution

The College and Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta contributed to this study by facilitating data collection and supporting the conduct of the study through messaging to its members.
Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements versus iron‐folic acid supplements and birth outcomes: Analysis by gestational age assessment method
Authors: Gomes Filomena , Askari Sufia , Black Robert E. , Christian Parul , Dewey Kathryn G. , Mwangi Martin N. , Rana Ziaul , Reed Sarah , Shankar Anuraj H. , Smith Emily R. , Tumilowicz Alison
Published: April 2023

Meta‐analyses consistently have found that antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) compared with iron and folic acid (IFA) alone reduce adverse birth outcomes. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) placed a conditional recommendation for MMS and requested additional trials using ultrasounds to establish gestational age, because the evidence on low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) was considered inconsistent. We conducted meta‐analyses to determine if the effects of MMS on LBW, preterm birth and SGA differed by gestational age assessment method. Using data from the 16 trials in the WHO analyses, we calculated the effect estimates of MMS versus IFA on birth outcomes (generic inverse variance method and random effects model) stratified by method of gestational age assessment: ultrasound, prospective collection of the date of last menstrual period (LMP) and confirmation of pregnancy by urine test and recall of LMP. The effects of MMS versus IFA on birthweight, preterm birth and SGA appeared consistent across subgroups with no evidence of subgroup differences (p > 0.05). When limited to the seven trials that used ultrasound, the beneficial effects of MMS were demonstrated: risk ratios of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–0.97) for LBW, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.79–1.03) for preterm birth and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.83–0.99) for SGA. Sensitivity analyses indicated consistency in the results. These results, together with recent analyses demonstrating comparable effects of MMS (vs. IFA) on maternal anaemia outcomes, strengthen the evidence to support a transition from IFA to MMS programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Using multimodal language learning histories to understand learning experiences and beliefs of second language learners in Japan
Authors: Umino Tae
Published: April 2023

This study explores the possibilities of using digitally produced multimodal language learning histories (MLLHs) to understand the experiences of learning a second language (L2) of a group of university students in Japan (N = 21). The study observes that learners’ MLLHs are texts in which the visual elements of language, place, person, learning resource, and self‐analysis of learning process are represented visually. It also identifies 4 patterns in the ways the MLLHs are constructed by focusing on a certain type of visual element. Person‐oriented MLLHs focus on L2 learning as emotional experience. In resource‐oriented MLLHs, learning is perceived to occur because of engaging with language via favorite media. In analysis‐oriented MLLHs, learning is regarded as a matter of going up and down the scale of linguistic measures. Place‐oriented MLLHs emphasize being on site at an L2‐speaking region as being the key in the era of globalization and mobility. These patterns reflect learners’ beliefs on L2 learning as viewed from a contextual perspective. This study further argues that a multimodal approach can have a significant influence on making visible learners’ subjective perspectives and beliefs as lenses through which they frame their learning experiences, as well as visualizing the dynamics and individualities of learning.
Pediatric pyoderma gangrenosum associated with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Smith Kristin N. , Welborn Macartney , Monir Reesa L. , Motaparthi Kiran , Schoch Jennifer J.
Published: April 2023

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful skin ulcers with necrotic, undermined margins. In severe cases, particularly in pediatric patients, work‐up for an associated autoimmune, inflammatory, malignant, or genetic disorder should be considered based on the clinical presentation. We report a unique case of pediatric pyoderma gangrenosum with a leukemoid reaction, secondary to an autosomal recessive leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1.
Importance of training volume during intensified training in elite cyclists: Maintained vs. reduced volume at moderate intensity
Authors: Christensen Peter M. , Andreasen Jesper Juul , Lyngholm Jonas , Søgaard Ole , Lykkestrup Jakob , Hostrup Morten , Nybo Lars , Bangsbo Jens
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Male elite cyclists (average VO2‐max: 71 mL/min/kg, n = 18) completed 7 weeks of high‐intensity interval training (HIT) (3×/week; 4‐min and 30‐s intervals) during the competitive part of the season. The influence of a maintained or lowered total training volume combined with HIT was evaluated in a two‐group design. Weekly moderate‐intensity training was lowered by ~33% (~5 h) (LOW, n = 8) or maintained at normal volume (NOR, n = 10). Endurance performance and fatigue resistance were evaluated via 400 kcal time‐trials (~20 min) commenced either with or without prior completion of a 120‐min preload (including repeated 20‐s sprints to simulate physiologic demands during road races).

Results

Time‐trial performance without preload was improved after the intervention (p = 0.006) with a 3% increase in LOW (p = 0.04) and a 2% increase in NOR (p = 0.07). Preloaded time‐trial was not significantly improved (p = 0.19). In the preload, average power during repeated sprinting increased by 6% in LOW (p < 0.01) and fatigue resistance in sprinting (start vs end of preload) was improved (p < 0.05) in both groups. Blood lactate during the preload was lowered (p < 0.001) solely in NOR. Measures of oxidative enzyme activity remained unchanged, whereas the glycolytic enzyme PFK increased by 22% for LOW (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that elite cyclists can benefit from intensified training during the competitive season both with maintained and lowered training volume at moderate intensity. In addition to benchmarking the effects of such training in ecological elite settings, the results also indicate how some performance and physiological parameters may interact with training volume.
HLA alleles and antiseizure medication‐induced cutaneous reactions in Brazil: A case‐control study
Authors: Spina Tensini Tallulah , de Paola Luciano , Boldt Angelica Beate Winter , Glehn Cristina de Queiroz Carrascosa Von , Bettinotti Maria , Silvado Carlos Eduardo Soares
Published: April 2023

In this observational case–control study, 107 cutaneous adverse reaction (CAR) cases (CAR+) manifesting up to 12 weeks after the start of treatment with antiseizure medication (ASM) were identified. Control groups consisted of 98 epilepsy patients without a history of CAR (CAR‐) and 3965 healthy individuals in the Brazilian National Registry of Bone Marrow Donors. All participants were HLA typed by high‐resolution Next Generation Sequencing for HLA‐A, B, C, DQB1 and DRB1; HLA‐DPA1, DPB1, DQA1, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5 were also sequenced in samples from CAR+ and CAR‐ individuals. The relationship between the carrier frequency of each allele, CAR type and ASM for all participants was investigated. The ASMs most frequently associated with CAR were carbamazepine (48% of CAR+ subjects), lamotrigine (23%), phenytoin (18%), phenobarbital (13%) and oxcarbazepine (5%). The main alleles associated with a risk of CAR were HLA‐A*02:05 (OR = 6.28; p = 0.019, carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine); HLA‐DPA1*02:02 (OR = 4.16, p = 0.003, carbamazepine); HLA‐B*53:01 (OR = 47.9, p = 0.014, oxcarbazepine), HLA‐DPA1*03:01/DPB1*105:01 (OR = 25.7, p = 0.005, phenobarbital); HLA‐C*02:10 (OR = 25.7, p = 0.005, phenobarbital) and HLA‐DRB1*04:02 (OR = 17.22, p = 0.007, phenytoin). HLA‐A*03:01 increased the risk for phenytoin‐induced maculopapular exanthema 4.71‐fold (p = 0.009), and HLA‐B*35:02 was associated with a 25.6‐fold increase in the risk of carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (p = 0.005). None of the 4170 subjects carried the HLA‐B*15:02 allele, and HLA‐A*31:01 was not associated with CAR. Hence, HLA‐A*31:01 and HLA‐B*15:02 were not associated with CAR in this population. Although other HLA class I and II alleles tested were associated with a risk of CAR, none of these associations were strong enough to warrant HLA testing before prescribing ASM.
Understanding the effect of the calcination process on the structure of mesoporous silica zirconia photocatalysts for Bisphenol A degradation
Authors: Hassan Nurul Sahida , Abdul Jalil Aishah
Published: April 2023

The mesoporous silica zirconia (m- SiO2/ZrO2) was successfully synthesized in this study using a microwave method, and the effect of the calcination process was studied. In this study, half of the sample was left untreated (labeled "untreated sample"), while the other half was calcined at 850 °C for 3 hours in an air atmosphere in a muffle furnace to remove the surfactant. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible differential reflectance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy were utilized in order to analyze the catalysts that were produced. The findings from the characterization showed that the calcination procedure caused the creation of oxygen vacancies and increased the surface area, both of which affected the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of the calcined m-SiO2/ZrO2 (80%) catalyst was superior to that of the untreated m-SiO2/ZrO2 (19%) catalyst. Zirconia's greater surface area and its natural occurrence in the tetragonal phase are both to blame for this phenomenon. In addition, there is the possibility that a greater proportion of oxygen vacancy will result in a smaller band gap and a lower electron-hole recombination rate. After five cycles, the photocatalytic activity exhibited by both catalysts remained unchanged.
Graph Neural Networks with Motisf-aware for Tenuous Subgraph Finding
Authors: Sun Heli , Sun Miaomiao , Liu Xuechun , Zhu Linlin , He Liang , Jia Xiaolin , Chen Yuan
Published: April 2023

Tenuous subgraph finding aims to detect a subgraph with few social interactions and weak relationships among nodes. Despite significant efforts made on this task, they are mostly carried out in view of graph-structured data. These methods depend on calculating the shortest path and need to enumerate all the paths between nodes, which suffer the combinatorial explosion. Moreover, they all lack the integration of neighborhood information. To this end, we propose a novel model named Graph Neural Network with Motif-aware for tenuous subgraph finding (GNNM), a neighborhood aggregation-based GNN framework that can capture the latent relationship between nodes. We design a GNN module to project nodes into a low-dimensional vector combining the higher-order correlation within nodes based on a motif-aware module. Then we design greedy algorithms in vector space to obtain a tenuous subgraph whose size is greater than a specified constraint. Particularly, considering that existing evaluation indicators cannot capture the latent friendship between nodes, we introduce a novel Potential Friend concept to measure the tenuity of a graph from a new perspective. Experimental results on the real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate that our proposed method GNNM outperforms existing algorithms in efficiency and subgraph quality.
Signal Game Analysis between Software Vendors and Third-Party Platforms in Collaborative Disclosure of Network Security Vulnerabilities
Authors: Xiong Qiang , Zhu Yifei , Zeng Zhangying , Yang Xinqi
Published: April 2023

The global network threat is becoming more and more serious, and network security vulnerability management has become one of the critical areas in the national information security emergency system construction. To guide the third-party sharing platforms regarding network security vulnerability management, this work constructs a signal game model comprising third-party vulnerability sharing platforms and software vendors for vulnerability collaborative disclosures. In addition, we analyze the game strategy selection and its influencing factors. The results show that there are two perfect Bayesian equilibria, including separation equilibrium and mixed equilibrium, due to the incomplete lines of information disclosure. The equilibrium state is mainly based on the compression time of the protection period and the existence ratio of the software vendors who develop the patches in the market. This work puts forward some suggestions in terms of the protection period, reputation loss, and relevant laws and regulations.
A Study of Copyrolysis Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Waste Polypropylene
Authors: Chen Guan-Bang , Huang Kuan-Chieh
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the copyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and waste polypropylene (PP). SS exhibited low heating value and high ash content, whereas PP had a high heating value and volatile content. The properties of SS and PP were analyzed, and copyrolysis process, activation energy, synergistic effects, and gas yield were investigated using thermogravimetry combined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed the existence of a three-stage synergy, and

10
%
PP
+
90
%
SS

showed maximum aromatic yield. The activation energy value for the blended fuel exhibited positive synergy. The Taguchi method was used to determine the operating conditions in a high-temperature furnace for the maximum C5–12/C19+ ratio and optimal pyrolysis oil quality. The PP : SS ratio was the most influencing parameter, followed by the pyrolysis temperature. 30% PP and 10% PP had the best C5–12/C19+ ratio and pyrolysis oil quality, respectively. We obtained a maximum C5–12/C19+ ratio of 9.1 and the optimal ratio of petrochemical product components (

alkenes
+
monoaromatics

) to worthless products (

polyaromatics
+
cyclic
 
compounds

) of 4.02. The optimal experimental parameters to achieve these two targets were operated with 10% HZSM-5 and activated alumina. HZSM-5 improved the heating value, oil yield, carbon-number ratio, and pyrolysis oil quality.
Metformin Ameliorates D-Galactose-Induced Senescent Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Autophagy
Authors: Ye Pingting , Feng Lei , Zhang Dan , Li Ruihao , Wen Yixuan , Tong Xiaohan , Shi Shuo , Dong Chunyan
Published: April 2023

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are promising candidates for stem cell therapy in clinical trials. Applications of hBMSCs in clinical therapy are limited by cellular senescence due to long-term ex vivo expansion. Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes, has been shown to have antiaging effects. However, the mechanisms of metformin in antiaging treatment remain controversial. Here, we used D-galactose (D-gal) to establish an appropriate model of senescent hBMSCs to explore the antiaging effects of metformin. Following metformin treatment with a low concentration range, senescence phenotypes induced by D-gal significantly changed, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell cycle arrest. In contrast, no apparent change was found in unsenescent hBMSCs. Furthermore, the results show that activation of 5

′

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by metformin enhances cell autophagy in senescent hBMSCs. These findings suggest that metformin exerts antiaging function within the low concentration range by enhancing autophagy and exhibits potential benefits for clinical stem cell therapy by ameliorating the ex vivo replicative senescence of hBMSCs.
The Clinical Impact of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Receptor (VEGF/R) Inhibitors on Voice
Authors: Ng Christina Hui Lee , Damrose Edward J.
Published: April 2023

Background. Vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor (VEGF/R) inhibitors are used in chemotherapy protocols to limit tumor angiogenesis. Recent evidence shows they are associated with hoarseness, but their impact on vocal cord function has not been fully identified. Objectives. To describe the preliminary laryngeal findings in patients undergoing chemotherapy with VEGF/R inhibitors, and to describe possible mechanisms of their effect on vocal fold function. Methods. A retrospective case series was conducted in a tertiary medical center between July 2008 and August 2022. Cancer patients developing hoarseness while undergoing chemotherapy with VEGF/R inhibitors underwent videolaryngostroboscopy. Results. The study included four patients. There were three females and one male, treated for breast, lung, and unknown primary cancer, respectively. All 4 patients developed hoarseness 2–7 days after initiating treatment with the VEGF/R inhibitor drugs aflibercept (n = 1) and bevacizumab (n = 3). In all patients, videolaryngostroboscopy revealed vocal fold bowing and pronounced glottic insufficiency. There were no signs of mucositis or paralysis. In three patients, treatment involved speech therapy, with or without vocal fold augmentation. The average follow-up was 10 months (range 8–12 months). In 2 patients, there was a return of normal voice quality with resolution of vocal fold bowing. In one patient, who remained on chemotherapy, there was persistent bowing. Conclusions. VEGF/R inhibitors are associated with vocal fold bowing and glottic insufficiency. This appears to be a reversible side effect. To our knowledge, this is only the second clinical description of the effect of VEGF/R inhibitors on vocal fold function.
Attenuation of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain CZ2020 by a Serial Passage In Vitro
Authors: He Wenlong , Peng Qi , Li Jizong , Huang Jin , Cai Xuhang , Li Siyuan , Zhang Baotai , Xiao Li , Gao Jie , Wang Chuanhong , Qian Jiali , Gu Laqiang , Wang Rui , Tang Xuechao , Li Kemang , Song Xu , Zhou Jinzhu , Zhu Mingjun , Li Bin
Published: April 2023

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea to pigs of all ages, especially the suckling piglets under one-week-old. We previously isolated a highly pathogenic PDCoV strain, CZ2020, from a diarrheal piglet and have passaged it for over 100 passages. The adaptability of the CZ2020 increased gradually in vitro as the passage increased. Amino acid mutations were observed in pp1a, pp1ab, spike, envelop, and membrane proteins, and the spike protein accounts for 66.7% of all amino acid mutations. Then, the high passage strains, CZ2020-F80 and CZ2020-F100, were selected for evaluation of the pathogenicity in three-day-old piglets to examine whether these amino acid changes affected their virulence. At 2 days postchallenge (DPC), 2/5 piglets started to show typical diarrhea, and at 4 DPC, severe diarrhea was observed in the CZ2020-challenged piglets. Viral RNA could be detected at 1 DPC in rectal swabs and reached its highest at 4 DPC in the CZ2020-challenged group. CZ2020-F80- and CZ2020-F100-challenged groups have one piglet exhibiting mild diarrhea at 4 and 6 DPC, respectively. Compared with the CZ2020-challenged group, the piglets in CZ2020-F80- and F100-challenged groups had lower viral loads in rectal swabs, intestines, and other organs. No obvious histopathological lesions were observed in the intestines of CZ2020-F80- and F100-challenged piglets. Virulent PDCoV infection could also induce strong interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that the strains, CZ2020-F80 and CZ2020-F100, were significantly attenuated via serial passaging in vitro and have the potential for developing attenuated vaccine candidates.
Boolean Algebras with Semigroup Operators: Free Product and Free Objects
Authors: Barzegar H.
Published: April 2023

Two important algebraic structures are

S

-acts and Boolean algebras. Combining these two structures, one gets

S

-Boolean algebras, equipped with a compatible right action of a monoid

S

which is a special case of Boolean algebras with operators. In this article, we considered some category-theoretic properties of the category Boo-S of all

S

-Boolean algebras with action-preserving maps between them which also preserve Boolean operations. The purpose of the present article is to study certain categorical and algebraical concepts of the category Boo-S, such as congruences, indecomposable objects, coproducts, pushouts, and free objects.
Application of Engineering Science Model Based on Fuzzy Sets in Enterprise Financial Evaluation Index
Authors: Wang Yue
Published: April 2023

With the continuous development of society and the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, it is necessary to analyze the production and operation conditions of enterprises in a timely and effective manner. In the context of the development of information technology, many companies analyze financial data, and corporate financial analysis indicators are the analysis of various report data of the company’s operations, which can effectively reflect the company’s debt repayment, operation, profit, and development capabilities. Enterprises can judge the operation status of the enterprise and make strategic changes in time according to the indicators of enterprise financial analysis. However, due to the large amount of operational data of enterprises and different relationships among different types of data, the analysis of enterprise financial data is not accurate enough when using traditional enterprise financial analysis indicators for analysis. This paper established an engineering scientific model through fuzzy sets and improved the data analysis ability of enterprise financial analysis indicators in enterprises by means of fuzzy analysis. By comparing the enterprise financial analysis indicators of the engineering science model based on fuzzy sets and the traditional enterprise financial analysis indicators, the experimental results showed that the average financial information analysis accuracy of the enterprise financial analysis index based on the engineering science model based on fuzzy sets and the traditional enterprise financial analysis index are 84% and 74%, respectively. Therefore, applying the engineering science model based on fuzzy sets to the corporate financial analysis indicators can effectively improve the accuracy of financial information analysis.