bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contamination Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Cores from De Montigny Lake around Siscoe-Sullivan Former Mining Sites, Val-d’Or, Canada
Authors: Mambenga Patrick Vualu Ibula
Published: November 2021

Seven sediment cores were collected from De Montigny Lake in order to determine concentrations, and contamination assessment of heavy metals such as Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co and Cd. The mean concentrations of heavy metals are as follows: 48.3 mg/kg for Cr, 36.4 mg/kg for Zn, 20.6 mg/kg for Ni, 14.7 mg/kg for Pb, 10.2 mg/kg for Cu, 6.7 mg/kg for Co and 0.1 mg/kg for Cd. Based on the sediment quality guidelines, the mean concentration metals such as Cr, Cu and Ni exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline. However, the concentration of Cr was more than the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Protection of Aquatic Life (CCME), and Threshold Effect Level (TEL) guidelines. The metal contamination in the sediments was also evaluated using Enrichment Factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) to assess natural and anthropogenic factors. The results of enrichment factor methods demonstrated that sediments from De Montigny Lake were moderately to high enriched, mainly controlled by through anthropogenic activities. According to Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations metals from the core sediment of De Montigny Lake are classified as having moderate impacts with potential adverse biotoxic effects.
Application of Bullseye Diagram in Teaching of “Variance”
Authors: Fu Mi , Cai Wude
Published: November 2021

Variance and standard deviation, as a kind of discrete function, are an important content in high school teaching, and they are widely used in data statistics. For high school students, they have difficulty understanding abstract concepts such as stability, volatility, and degree of dispersion when they are first exposed to discrete functions. In actual teaching, you can apply “bullseye chart” to “variance” teaching, and use abstract concept diagrams. Demonstration helps high school students to intuitively understand the concept of “variance” and the nature of dispersion.
CNN for Image Processing to Detect Weeds Using IOT
Authors: Kumar Potta. Pavan
Published: November 2021

Abstract: One of the major issues in today’s agriculture fields is detecting weed plants in between the crops. Weeds consume more water, nutrients, and light compared to crop plants. Being hardy and vigorous in growth habits, they grow way to faster than crops and consume a huge amount of water and nutrients, results causing heavy losses in yields, the process of removal of weeds manually is a difficult job and it requires more manpower. To date, weed removal can’t be automated without manpower. Herbicides play a crucial role in removing the weeds but that leads to soil infertile and later the weeds dominate the field automatically. In solution to reduce the weeds is using herbicide in a higher amount than normal day by day. Usage of herbicides in that amount causes the land infertile. This paper deals with detecting the weeds in the crop using a convolutional neural network, Image processing, and IoT. The weeds in the field and between the crops are detected and removed by using the image processing technique. CNN algorithm is implemented in Matlab software to detect the weed areas in the fields. A robot model is connected to the controller through the motor driver which is also used to carry the camera through the field to detect the weed. The videos and images taken by the camera send to the Matlab and they are trained by using the CNN algorithm and that classifies whether it is a weed or a normal crop. And the necessary instructions send to the Arduino through Zigbee. If the camera detects any weed then the cutter is on 10 seconds to cut the weeds. And the robot model moves further until it finds the next weed. Users can also control the robot model whenever itneeds. Keywords: CNN; Weed cutter; Matlab; Zigbee; Image processing.
Exchange Rate Volatility: Does Microeconomic Policy Uncertainty Impact Exchange Rate Volatility?
Authors: Oniha Kelly
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of macroeconomic policy uncertainty on the exchange rate volatility in United States. Using newly developed measure of monetary policy uncertainty, and macroeconomic variables, I find that higher monetary policy uncertainty increases the exchange rate volatility.
Success Indicators Influencing Choice Between Born Global and Born Regional Approach
Authors: Oniha Kelly
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This paper explores the differences between born global firms and born regional firms. It compares performance between born regional firms and born global firms within the same industry. This paper would investigate three independent variables which are: firm performance, firm size, and model on a company’s strategy. I argue that despite key success indicators being almost similar in both born global firms and born regional firms, there exist some unique commonality in born global firms that are not evident in born regional firms, and vise-versa. This uniqueness motivates them to internationalize quicker than born regional firms. This paper would contribute to IB research by explaining the motivations behind behaviors of international venture firms Keywords: Born global firms, Born regional firms, international venture firms, Internationalization, resource based theory, stakeholder theory, shareholder theory
Designing & Analysis of Supercapacitor Hybrid Battery System with Regenerative Braking
Authors: Mathews Joel Abraham
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This work implements the help of a super capacitor hybridized with a battery pack to power a motor to work an electric bike. The supercapacitor of specification is built in combination with the battery pack to work in pair at instances where more load in needed. For example in situations like accelerating, decelerating, and climbing a slope. The supercapacitor is recharged while in motion using two different technologies: 1. Regenerative Braking and 2. Generator incorporated into wheel hub. Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that slows down a moving vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form that can be either used immediately or stored until needed. In this mechanism, the electric traction motor uses the vehicle's momentum to recover energy that would otherwise be lost to the brake discs as heat. This contrasts with conventional braking systems, where the excess kinetic energy is converted to unwanted and wasted heat due to friction in the brakes, or with dynamic brakes, where the energy is recovered by using electric motors as generators but is immediately dissipated as heat in resistors. In addition to improving the overall efficiency of the vehicle, regeneration can significantly extend the life of the braking system as the mechanical parts will not wear out very quickly. The system uses Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction to induce an EMF and generate voltage by passing a current carrying conductor through a rotating magnetic field. Using this implementation, it has been noted that the battery life has been increased significantly and the total range of the bike has also increased considerably. Keywords: Batteries, Battery pack, Supercapacitor, Hybrid power system, Dynamo mechanism
Artist Biographies
Authors: Milani Omid
Published: November 2021

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Disrupting Notions of 'Choice': Missteps in Ontario’s COVID-19 Back-to-School Plan
Authors: Chapados Sydney
Published: November 2021

When schools shut down in Ontario during the COVID-19 Pandemic, many voices chimed in to discuss where children should be. However, children’s voices were largely missing from these discussions by virtue of being excluded by those in charge. Under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), children are granted the right to express themselves, have that expression be taken seriously, and to be given information on matters that concern them. By conducting an analysis of the Ontario Government’s Back-to-School Plan and announcements, I argue that the developmental and economic framing of the decision to return to school denied children their expression rights guaranteed under the UN-CRC. The Ontario Government missed a vital opportunity to value children as full human beings with integral experiences. I conclude by arguing that it is imperative that the Government commits to using a rights-respecting approach to all policy and programming with potential to impact children or childhood.
“The Pandemic is Galvanizing Change”: Anti-Racism in Human Rights Education With Youth
Authors: Blanchet-Cohen Natasha , Gregoire-Labrecque Genevieve , Cooper Amy
Published: November 2021

This article discusses how the heightened visibility of racial discrimination coupled with the repression of young people’s civil and political rights during the COVID-19 pandemic is surfacing the need for human rights education (HRE) to evolve to address anti-racism more intentionally. With youth’s amplified awareness of racism and their call for change, HRE practitioners reflect on the use of language, the limitations of “celebrating diversity” and the ways spaces are held for youth engagement as a means of building inclusion given the lived injustices across communities. As children’s rights researchers and practitioners, we consider how our focus on age has resulted in the inadvertent neglect of the interdependence of the rights to participation and to non-discrimination. Shifting to a more critical HRE includes embracing intersectionality and reflexivity, actively bringing BIPOC youth to the centre of sharing and informing, and cultivating youth engagement on racial justice to catalyze systemic-level change.
Images of Justice
Authors: Milani Omid
Published: November 2021

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Evaluación de la actividad de biodegradación de microorganismos en la recuperación de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos
Authors: Herrera Escobar Jhon Daney , Suarez Vera Ricardo Alberto , Figueroa Medina Wilmer
Published: November 2021

Se evaluó la actividad de biodegradación de microrganismos en la recuperación de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos. Se usaron dos concentraciones de hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (TPH) iniciales: 4,7 % y 6.5% a los cuales se aplicó microorganismos degradadores de hidrocarburos (MDH) y microorganismos degradadores de fenoles (MDF). Se empleó diseño experimental factorial 2x2 con dos repeticiones, los tratamientos fueron T1: Suelo con TPH 4,7% + MDH, T2: Suelo con TPH 4,7% + MDH/MDF, T4: Suelo con TPH 6,5% + MDH, T5: Suelo con TPH 6,5% + MDH/MDF y dos testigos T3: Suelo con TPH 4,7% y T6: Suelo con TPH 6,5% sin aplicación de MD. La cantidad de microorganismos aplicada por tratamiento correspondió con la relación de 0,3% en peso del suelo a remediar. A cada uno se agregó suplemento nutricional tripo1ifosfato de sodio y urea 46%. La unidad experimental fueron bandejas plásticas con capacidad de 10 kg c/u de suelo contaminado. Los bioensayos se llevaron a cabo durante 62 días. Los resultados mostraron que el porcentaje de remoción fue mayor en T1: Suelo con TPH 4,7% + MDH y T4: Suelo con TPH 6,5% + MDH con 68% y 66% respectivamente. La utilización de la mezcla Degradador de hidrocarburos (MDH) + Degradador de Fenoles (MDF) en cuanto a % de remoción fue mayor para T2: Suelo con TPH 4,7% + MDH/MDF con un 65%. La prueba LSD Fisher (0.05) determinó diferencias significativas para concentraciones de hidrocarburos A (4,51) y B (6,51) con promedios de 1,60 TPH  y 2,52 TPH respectivamente, lo que significa, a menor concentración inicial de TPH, mayor eficiencia de los microorganismos biodegradadores aplicados.
in NS
Authors: Arasi Stefania , Panasiti Ilenia , Caminiti Lucia , Conte Mariaelisabetta , Castelli Sveva , Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Martelli Paola , Pajno Giovanni , Pelosi SImone , Potapova Ekaterina , Sfika Ifigenia , Tan Ge , Tripodi Salvatore , Villalta Danilo , Villella Valeria , Matricardi Paolo , Akdis Cezmi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Characterization of disease endotypes will open a new window
for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Herein we provide the first
attempt to identify specific AR phenotypes/endotypes and/or any
biomarker/predictor for specific treatment response based on local
biological parameters. METHODS: This observational study was carried out
in 142 patients with seasonal AR and 20 non-allergic controls. Total IgE
levels, specific IgE to 112 allergenic molecules and 92 proinflammatory
and immunologic proteins were measured in both serum and nasal
secretions (NS). RESULTS: We found increased values of MCPs and MMPs in
adults both in NS and serum when compared with pediatric patients
(p<.05). MCPs and MMPs might represent two effective
predictors of chronic inflammation. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, MCPs and MMP1
showed an upward trend both in serum and NS for patients with ≥ 3
comorbidities vs non-allergic controls(p<.05). These data
suggest the involvement of these chemokines in the late phase of chronic
allergic inflammation in the nose. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10
(p<.05) were significantly higher in patients with AR+asthma
compared to patients with different comorbidities. Conversely, serum
levels of neurotrophin-3 values (p<.05) were significantly
higher in those with AR+eczema vs other comorbidities groups. A subgroup
of patients with a nasal hypersecretory state,called “hypersecreter
endotype” was characterized by paediatric age, male gender, grass
pollen sensitization and distributed among persistent, mild or moderate
to severe cases of AR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study sets the groundwork for an
AR endotypization at molecular level, which is highly desirable to
deliver a patient-tailored approach.
Silent Giant Left Atrium: A Case Report
Authors: Vohra Shweta , Pradhan Akshyaya , Jaiswal Vikash , Sharma Prachi , Pokhrel Nishan , Song David
Published: November 2021

We report a case of a 34-year-old female with low-grade dyspnea on
exertion despite markedly dilated left atrium (LA) on chest radiography
which clouded our interpretation of the cause of enlarged cardiac
silhouette. However, echocardiogram proved useful in demonstrating
severe mitral stenosis and the giant LA.
The heterozygous mutations of SLC26A8 are not the main actors but might be the guest players for male infertility
Authors: Liu Mohan , Li Jinhui , Li Yaqian , Jiang Chuan , Xu Wenming , Yang Yihong , Shen Ying
Published: November 2021

Male infertility has become a serious health and social problem
troubling approximately 15% of couples worldwide; however, the genetic
and phenotypic heterogeneity of human infertility poses a substantial
obstacle to effective diagnosis and therapy. A previous study reported
that heterozygous mutations in solute carrier family 26 member 8
(SLC26A8, NG_033897.1) were causatively linked to asthenozoospermia.
Interestingly, in our research, three deleterious heterozygous mutations
of SLC26A8 were separately detected in three unrelated patients who were
suffered from teratozoospermia. These three heterozygous mutations
resulted in the reduce of SLC26A8 expression in transfected cells, while
no disrupt expression of SLC26A8 was observed in sperm from the affected
individuals. Noticeably, two of the three SLC26A8 heterozygous mutations
detected in the patients were inherited from their fertile fathers.
Thus, we suggested that male infertility associated with SLC26A8
mutations should be involved in a recessive-inherited pattern,
considering the infertile homozygous Slc26a8 KO male mice. Given that
SLC26A8 heterozygous mutations were detected in the infertile patients,
and SLC26A8 is predominantly expressed in the various germ cells during
spermatogenesis, the heterozygous mutations in SLC26A8 may not be the
direct genetic cause but contribute to male infertility to a certain
degree.
Saccular portal vein aneurysm complicating laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Rasheed Haider , Abed Mohammed , Jamil Duraid Mahmoud
Published: November 2021

Portal vein aneurysm (PVA) is a rare vascular entity of uncertain
etiology. Saccular PVA is the less frequently reported morphology but
often with more symptoms or complications. Ultrasound, along with color
doppler study, is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and follow-up.
Kinetics, Mechanism and Simulation of Hydrogen Transfer Reaction of α, β-Unsaturated Aldehydes to Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Yuchao , Zuo Cuncun , Zheng Yanxia , Guo Xinpeng , Hao Jinguo , Huang Haofei , Wang Ming , Ge Tingting
Published: November 2021

Homogeneous hydrogen transfer reactions of methacrolein (MAL) and
isopropanol (IPA) to methallyl alcohol (MAA) were investigated in batch
reactor (Conv.89%, Select 93.1%) and tubular reactor (Conv.88.1%,
Select 95%) using aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OPri)3) as catalyst.
Kinetic experiments on hydrogen transfer reactions and reaction order
were investigated in batch reactor and tubular reactor. Response surface
methodology (RAM) was applied to optimize the optimum reaction
conditions of hydrogen transfer reaction. Purification process of MAA
from product mixture after hydrogen transfer reaction was simulated with
Aspen Plus software, theoretical stages, reflux ratio and feed stage of
distillation tower were optimized. Density Functional Theory (DFT) was
used to investigate viable reaction pathway and to probe the catalytic
mechanism between reactants and catalyst, including dehydrogenation,
coupling and hydrogenation reaction. Microscopic mechanisms of hydrogen
transfer reaction from MAA to MAL were acquired in detail and could be
easily extended to other series of hydrogen transfer reaction.
Separate H2 and CO production from CH4-CO2 cycling of Fe-Ni
Authors: Jin Bo , Srinath Nadadur Veeraraghavan , Poelman Hilde , Detavernier Christophe , Liang Zhiwu , Marin Guy , Galvita Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Fe-Ni materials with varying Ni loading are developed for separate H2
and CO production by CH4-CO2 chemical looping. The product streams are
obtained by first feeding CH4, which decomposes to H2 and carbon. The
latter acts as reductant for the subsequent CO2 feed, which together
with Fe re-oxidation yields CO. After 25 CH4-CO2 cycles, 10Fe5Ni@Zr has
a higher H2 space-time-yield than 10Fe0Ni@Zr
(〖20mmol∙s〗^(-1)∙kg_(Fe+Ni)^(-1) vs.
〖15mmol∙s〗^(-1)∙kg_(Fe+Ni)^(-1)), a 2.6 times higher CO
(〖57mmol∙s〗^(-1)∙kg_(Fe+Ni)^(-1)) and lower deactivation. This
improvement has two reasons: (i) CH4 activation over Ni leading to
cracking, (ii) product hydrogen causing deeper FeO reduction.
Deactivation follows from accumulated carbon, non-reactive for CO2. On
Ni and Fe sites, carbon can be removed by lattice oxygen or CO2,
yielding more CO compared to the theoretical value for Fe oxidation.
However, carbon that migrates away from the metals requires oxygen for
removal, which restores the activity of the Ni-containing samples.
Oxygen-Helium Gas Mixture «Heliox» for the Treatment of Respiratory Failure in Patients with New Coronavirus Infection Covid-19 (Randomized Single-Center Controlled Trial)
Authors: Lakhin R. E. , Zhdanov A. D. , Shchegolev A. V. , Zhdanov K. V. , Salukhov V. V. , Zverev D. P. , Kozlov K. V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Treatment of respiratory failure in pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is still an unsolved problem that requires a comprehensive approach and the development of new methods that expand the range of possibilities of modern therapy. There is evidence that the heated oxygenhelium mixture has a positive effect on gas exchange in the infiltration zone by improving both ventilation and diffusion.AIM of study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the inclusion of a heated oxygen-helium mixture HELIOX (70% Helium/ 30% Oxygen) in the complex intensive care of respiratory failure of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.Material and methods. The study included 60 patients with confirmed viral pneumonia caused by COVID-19. The patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 (n=30) — patients who were treated with the standard COVID-19 treatment protocol with the heated oxygen-helium mixture HELIOX, and group 2 (control) (n=30) — patients who received standard therapy. Lethality was studied for 28 days, the time in days until a steady increase in SpO2>96% was achieved when breathing atmospheric air; the time until the patient is transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU) to the general department.Results. Inhalation of the HELIOX mixture (70% Helium / 30% Oxygen) resulted in a faster recovery of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation index (SpO2). Starting from day 3, these differences became statistically significant. The time in days from inclusion in the study to a persistent increase in the degree of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2>96%) when breathing atmospheric air in the group with inhalation of the HELIOX mixture was less — 8 (7; 10), compared to 10 (8;13) in the control group (p=0.006). In the group with inhaled HELIOX mixture, the median treatment time in the ICU was 8 (7; 9.5) days vs 13 (8; 17) days (p<0.001) in the comparison group.Conclusions. Inhalation of the HELIOX mixture (70% Helium / 30% Oxygen) led to a faster recovery of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation index SpO2, which contributed to reduction in the duration of oxygen therapy and a decrease in mortality.
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular System. Part 3. COVID-19 Current Treatment Approaches: Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Vasilchenko M. K. , Ivannikov A. A. , Yesaulenko A. N. , Alidzhanova Kh. G. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: November 2021

Unified management plan and treatment strategy for COVID-19 patients are yet to be discovered. Many trials on COVID-19 interventions have been registered or are ongoing. In this article the results of large-scale clinical trials on COVID-19 treatment are presented, the potential mechanism of action of some drugs is discussed, the features of the main pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic options for COVID-19 patients are described.
Evaluation of Clinical Efficiency of Cardioprotective Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Astrakhantseva I. D. , Vorobyov A. S. , Nikolayev K. Yu. , Urvantseva I. A.
Published: November 2021

Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of cardioprotective therapy using intravenous metoprolol in combination with a high dose of atorvastatin in the prevention of myocardial remodeling (MR) and heart failure (HF) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Material AND methods. A prospective study included 100 STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). Depending on the regimens of drug cardioprotection, three groups of patients were formed: the first (2014–2015) — 34 patients who received 80 mg atorvastatin as a part of the basic therapy on the first day of STEMI, then 20–40 mg/day for 30 days. The second group (2017–2018) — 34 patients who received atorvastatin 80 mg/day for a month from the onset of STEMI. The third group (2018–2019) — 32 patients who received intravenous metoprolol tartrate (5–15 mg) and atorvastatin 80 mg/day before PCI for a month from the onset of STEMI. On days 1 and 2 of STEMI and one month later, patients were assessed for serum levels of cardiac biomarkers; on the 1st, 7th days and one month later, echocardiographic studies (EchoCG) were performed. At the end of the observation, clinical and imaging outcomes (MR and HF) were assessed, which were compared with the dynamics of biomarkers between the groups of patients.Results. The combined use of atorvastatin 80 mg/day for a month from the onset of STEMI and a single intravenous injection of metoprolol tartrate (5–15 mg) in the acute phase of STEMI before PCI showed the most significant effects in the prevention of the development of structural and functional myocardial disorders and clinically severe heart failure, and also caused the minimal serum activity of cardiomarkers in the third group of patients in comparison with the first and second groups of patients without this drug combination. Also, correlations between biomarkers and echocardiography indicators were established in the third group of patients who received cardioprotective therapy.Conclusion. The combined use of high-dose atorvastatin for a month with a single intravenous injection of metoprolol tartrate in acute STEMI before PCI prevents the formation of MR and clinically significant HF in the post-infarction period. Comprehensive dynamic assessment of cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography parameters within a month after post-STEMI is a highly informative tools for monitoring the efficiency of cardioprotective therapy.
Effect of Xenon on Proinflammatory Activation and Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Under Ex Vivo Conditions
Authors: Grebenchikov O. A. , Shabanov A. K. , Nikolayev L. L. , Shpichko A. I. , Bratishchev I. V. , Marchenko L. Yu. , Khusainov Sh. Zh. , Cherpakov R. A. , Shpichko N. P.
Published: November 2021

Background. The syndrome of systemic inflammatory response, which underlies the damaging effect of factors of infectious and non-infectious genesis, may cause multiple organ failure. The degree of its severity is determined, among other things, by the activation of neutrophils. The paper highlights new mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of the inhalation anesthetic xenon, mediated by a decrease in the ability of neutrophils to pro-inflammatory response.Aim of study. To evaluate the effect of xenon on the activation of human neutrophils under ex vivo conditions.Material AND methods. We studied the effect of xenon inhalation on reduction of the ability of neutrophils to be activated proinflammatory by reduced expression of adhesion molecules CD11b and CD66b on the surface of neutrophils and on the phosphorylation of proinflammatory kinases: ERK 1/2 and kinase — p38 in neutrophils of healthy volunteers.Results. The use of xenon at a dose of 30 vol. % within 60 minutes in healthy volunteers statistically significantly reduces the ability of neutrophils to proinflammatory activation. The addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the incubation medium of neutrophils causes their pronounced activation, statistically significantly increasing the phosphorylation of key proinflammatory neutrophil kinases ERK1/2 and kinase p38. Inhalation of xenon in volunteers (30% within 60 minutes) has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated neutrophils, decreasing their activation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory kinase ERK1/2 and pro-inflammatory MAP kinase p38.Conclusion. The actual study, performed on isolated neutrophils from volunteers who underwent xenon inhalation, revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of the inert gas xenon, which, in our opinion, may have a direct relationship to the identification of the mechanism of its neuroprotective properties. Thus, the research results available today suggest that xenon has a pronounced pleiotropic mechanism of brain protection. This is a partial blockade of NMDA receptors, and phosphorylation of the enzyme glycogen synthase-3β, and limitation of the inflammatory activation of neutrophils.Findings. Inhalation of xenon in volunteers (30% within 60 minutes) has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on neutrophils stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, decreasing their activation by inhibiting proinflammatory ERK 1/2 kinase and proinflammatory MAP kinase p38, as well as reducing the expression of markers of activation and degranulation CD11b and CD66b on the surface of neutrophils. Stimulation by lipopolysaccharides statistically significantly reduces spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils, while xenon increases the ability of neutrophils to apoptosis, which is likely to contribute to the resolution of inflammation.
Non-Operative Management of Blunt Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Solid Organs Trauma, with Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage – Indications, Methodology and Necessity
Authors: Aleksandrov V. V. , Maskin S. S. , Yermolayeva N. K. , Matyukhin V. V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction.The article is devoted to an actual problem — blunt trauma of the abdomen and organs of the retro­peritoneal space.Aim of study.Specify the indications for non­operative management of patients with blunt trauma of the solid organs of the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space, with retroperitoneal hemorrhage and measures for this treatment option.Material and methods.The analysis of literature sources of Russian and foreign authors is carried out and the indications, methods and necessity of non­operative management of patients with blunt trauma of solid organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, retroperitoneal hemorrhages are substantiated.Conclusion.Non­operative management of patients with blunt trauma of solid organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, retroperitoneal hemorrhages is possible only in large specialized centers with a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.
Symptomatic Epileptic Seizures in Patients with Brain Gliomas
Authors: Abzalova D. I. , Prirodov A. V. , Sinkin M. V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Epileptic seizures are an important problem that significantly worsens the quality of patients’ life with both newly diagnosed and recurrent brain gliomas.Review. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature showed that low-grade gliomas, this symptom occurs on average in 76%, with high-grade gliomas – in 21% of patients. Despite the maximum allowable tumor resection, it is likely that epileptic seizures persist in 18-64% of patients, and in 5% of patients they first appear in the postoperative period. From 15 to 50% of epileptic seizures in cerebral gliomas are drug-resistant. In patients undergoing chemotherapy, it is better to use new antiepileptic drugs because their cross-effects are minimal.Conclusion. There is no generally accepted algorithm for prescribing and discontinuing antiepileptic drugs in patients with symptomatic epileptic seizures with cerebral gliomas. Further research is needed to determine the optimal combination and dosage regimen of antiepileptic drugs, especially during chemotherapy.
The Analysis of the Main Working Parameters of the Head Regional Vascular Center of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Karasev N. A. , Kiselevskaya-Babinina V. Ya. , Kiselevskaya-Babinina I. V. , Kislukhina E. V. , Vasiliev V. A. , Medvedeva A. B. , Petrikov S. S. , Popugayev K. A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The regional vascular centers (RVC) network was created throughout Russia to manage cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in Moscow, a center was created, which received the status of the head RVC. A comprehensive analysis of its work has not yet been carried out.Aim of study. To assess the main performance indicators and development directions of the head RVC based on the analysis of data for 2012–2019.Results. Analysis of the data obtained showed that by 2019 the flow of patient admissions increased 2.3-fold. At the same time, the use of the hospital bed fund does not exceed 100%, and the use of the intensive care bed fund has increased to 123%. A significant proportion of patients come with not field-specific diagnosis. The mortality, which is the main indicator of the quality of treatment in patients treated at the RVC, remained within 2.33–3%, which turned out to be 3 times lower in similar patients treated in other departments of the Institute.Discussion. Against the background of a constant increase in the number of hospitalizations, resusci-tation provision turned out to be insufficient when the number of hospital beds corre-sponded to the flow of admissions. The general lack of intensive care beds in the center and the lack of specialized intensive care for the department of vascular surgery forces the use of other intensive care units of the Institute. The admission of patients with other (not specific for RVC) diagnosis to the vascular center reduces the volume of highly specialized care for specialized patients.Conclusion. The analysis of the performance indicators of the head regional vascular center on the basis of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, identified the need to expand the resuscitation bed fund in the existing departments of the center and organize specialized resuscitation for patients of the vascular surgery department. Also, the lack of intensive care beds is aggravated by a large flow of non-core admissions. Their reduction with the existing structure will provide significant savings in resources and will increase the number of treated profile patients and improve the quality of highly specialized care.
First Clinical Experience of Venous Reconstruction With Autologous Vascular Prosthesis From the Sickle Ligament of the Liver With Partial Portosystemic Bypass Surgery
Authors: Anisimov A. Yu. , Anisimov A. A. , Andreev A. I. , Ibragimov R. A. , Garaev A. T.
Published: November 2021

Aim of study. Presentation of our own first clinical experience of venous reconstruction in portosystemic bypass surgery with the use of autologous vascular prostheses of the falciform ligament of the liver in the splenorenal position in a patient with portal hypertension syndrome in the outcome of liver cirrhosis of viral etiology.Material and methods. Clinical observation of a patient born in 1978 with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver of viral etiology (HCV) Child-Pugh A (6). MELD 10 points. Inactive phase. Intrahepatic portal hypertension syndrome. Esophageal varices grade III according to A. G. Scherzinger, gastric varices type I (GOV1) according to Sarin. Condition after repeated recurrent esophageal-gastric bleeding. Due to the high risk of another bleeding, as a secondary prevention of esophageal-gastric bleeding, partial splenorenal anastomosis of “H” - type was performed with the use of an autologous vascular prosthesis of the falciform ligament of the liver in the splenorenal position.Results. A flap measuring 60.0x20.0 mm was cut from the falciform ligament of the patient’s liver. From the latter, after adjusting the size of the graft to the individual needs of the patient, an autologous conduit was formed. It was used as an insert in the formation of an “H” - type splenorenal anastomosis with the imposition of two end-to-side anastomoses between the splenic vein and one end of the conduit and between the left renal vein and the other end of the conduit. The patency of the anastomosis was checked using intraoperative sonography. In a satisfactory condition, the patient was discharged for outpatient follow-up treatment at the place of residence. At the moment of writing the article, the follow-up period was 8 months. The bleeding did not recur. No varicose veins were found in the esophagus and stomach during control endoscopic examinations. The patency of the splenorenal shunt was confirmed by ultrasound dopplerography.Conclusion. The first clinical experience of venous reconstruction with portosystemic bypass surgery using as a possible replacement of autologous vascular prostheses of the falciform ligament of the liver in the splenorenal position in a patient with portal hypertension syndrome in the outcome of cirrhosis of the liver of viral etiology gives hope for the possibility of further successful testing of this method of splenorenal bypass surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding from varicose veins.
Historical Aspects of the Development of the State Educational System in the Field of Clinical Toxicology in Russia
Authors: Goldfarb Yu. S. , Kabanova S. A. , Lezhenina N. F. , Sleptsov V. I. , Ostapenko Yu. N. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Bogopolsky P. M.
Published: November 2021

Summary. The analysis of the historical development of the state system of training in the field of clinical toxicology showed that the opening of the first specialized departments (centers) served as an impulse for the adoption in the future of appropriate organizational decisions and regulatory documents that led to the creation of the country’s first department of clinical toxicology. In addition, this became possible after the emergence of qualified personnel of clinical toxicologists, as well as scientific and practical areas, primarily general resuscitation and toxicological chemistry, and the achievements of fundamental sciences, new pharmacological and technical means of detoxification of the body, on which basis educational materials of the proper level were formed.An important role for the creation of the Department of Clinical Toxicology was played by the publication by E.A. Luzhnikov, the country’s first textbook on clinical toxicology. The results of the activities of Academician E.A. Luzhnikov in the organization of training in the field of clinical toxicology also contributed to the acquisition of a comprehensive level of knowledge and the expansion of teaching in this direction.However, today, clinical toxicology has not become a basic specialty in the vast majority of medical institutions of higher education, including Moscow, which, in our opinion, hinders the process of training the required number of practical, scientific, and teaching personnel in this area.The choice of clinical bases for training is of fundamental importance, of which multidisciplinary research emergency hospitals or emergency hospitals are optimal.Along with the proven form of teaching in the form of field cycles, further reflection requires the place of distance learning as another approach to expanding the audience of listeners. It is also absolutely necessary to support the teaching process within the framework of continuous professional education, including cooperation with scientific and practical medical societies.The most important component of the learning process is the accumulation of scientific experience in the specialty, to which a decisive contribution is made by the creation of scientific schools on the bases of toxicological subdivisions. Additional opportunities are also provided by the modern formation of the scientific specialty “Toxicology”, which makes it possible to achieve the most qualified examination of the results of scientific research.Conclusion.The development of the state educational system in the field of clinical toxicology in Russia is closely related to its formation as an independent scientific and practical direction in medicine, which has high social significance, and the adoption of the experience gained in the course of educational activities.
Determinan Pengangguran Terdidik Lulusan Universitas di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Anjarwati Leni , Juliprijanto Whinarko
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the factors that influence educated unemployment in Java. The data used in this study is secondary data using quantitative methods. Data analysis uses panel data analysis which is a combination of time series and cross-section data. The time-series data uses data for the 2015-2019 period and cross-section data from 6 provinces on the island of Java. The results showed that simultaneously all variables had a significant effect on the level of educated unemployment. While partially shows that the variable level of education and PMDN have a significant positive impact on educated unemployment, and the UMR variable has a significant negative impact on educated unemployment.
Estimation of Indonesia Wooden Furniture Export Demand Function
Authors: Simangunsong Hanna Sri Meiliani Uli , Simangunsong Bintang Charles Hamonangan , Manurung Elisa Ganda Togu
Published: November 2021

The export value of Indonesia’s wooden furniture was sharply decreased by about 31.9% over the period in 2007-2018. On the other hand, global wooden furniture export was increased by 5.8% during the same period. Understanding the behavior of the demand side of Indonesia’s wooden furniture exports that is reflected by its relative price and income elasticities is needed for the policy development of Indonesia’s wooden furniture industry in the future. The objective of this study was to estimate the export demand function of Indonesia wooden furniture using a panel data regression model. Three types of panel data models, such as pooled ordinary least squares model, fixed-effects model, and random effects model, were investigated. The results showed that the export demand function of Indonesia wooden furniture could be well estimated using the fixed effects model. Relative price elasticity and income elasticity were -0.45 and 0.8, respectively. The adjusted R2 value obtained was 0.99.
Keywords: export demand function, panel data regression, wooden furniture
A Decrease in Carbon Absorption Potential Due to Timber Harvesting in Natural Forest
Authors: Yuniawati  , Tampubolon Rossi Margareth
Published: November 2021

Timber harvesting is an activity in producing wood to supply the lumber industry. However, timber harvesting brought consequences such as decreasing carbon sequestration potential of natural forests. This study aimed to determine the reduction in the potential for carbon sequestration due to timber harvesting in natural forests. Data were collected using non-destructive methods through stand inventory before felling for all tree species, cruising results report, and tree distribution maps. Biomass was calculated using the existing allometric, and carbon stocks were calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change method. The results showed that there were 238 trees (65.29 m3) of stands in the study area (6 ha) based on stand inventory before felling. Potential biomass and carbon storage before trees felling were 16.12 ton ha-1 and 7.58 ton ha-1, respectively. Potential biomass and carbon storage after tree felling were 5.15 ton ha-1 and 2.42 ton ha-1, respectively. Carbon absorption before and after tree felling is 28.37 ton CO2eq ha-1 and 4.44 ton CO2eq ha-1, respectively. Carbon emissions during tree felling was 18.93 ton CO2eq ha-1 (81.00%). The application of environmentally friendly wood harvesting shall be carried out appropriately to minimize a decrease in carbon absorption from timber harvesting. 

Keywords: biomass, carbon emission, timber harvesting
Effects of Planting Medium on the Propagation of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) from Cuttings and Seeds
Authors: Surya Muhammad Imam , Ismaini Lily , Normasiwi Suluh
Published: November 2021

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) has a great potential to be cultivated as a fruit crop in North Sumatra. In order to cultivate loquat, the availability of high-quality seedlings is becoming an essential factor. This research was aimed to determine the response of loquat’s seed, stem, and shoot cutting on various types of medium. The seed, stem, and shoots cutting of loquat were collected from North Sumatra. Three types of medium, i.e., humus + roasted rice husk (1:1), raw rice husk + sand (1:1), and humus + raw rice husk (1:1), were used during the experiment in Cibodas Botanical Garden. The results show that the highest percentage of seed germination on the 10th week after the plantation was humus + roasted rice husk (91.18%) and followed by humus + raw rice husk (77.78%) and raw rice husk + sand (69.44%). The combination of humus + roasted rice husk gave a significant effect on plant high (9.178a cm), the number of leaves (5.51a), length of leaves (8.36a), and width of leaves (3.78a) on the 12th week after plantation. Moreover, there were no significant differences between shoot cutting and stem cutting propagation on parameters survival rate and the number of buds.

Keywords: cutting, Eriobotrya japonica, planting medium, propagation, seed
Agarwood Tree Characteristics based on Different Growing Habitat and Ecophysiological Attributes in the Papuan Tropical Forests
Authors: Auri Amilda , Faridah Eny , Sumardi  , Hardiwinoto Suryo
Published: November 2021

Understanding tropical forest characteristics, including forest derivative products such as agarwood, is pivotal. This study focused on perceiving an ideal habitat of the lowland tropical forest ecosystem of West Papua for agarwood-producing tree species. In further, this study identified a close association of biotic and abiotic characteristics to underpin agarwood-producing tree growth. Six sites in three different locations were established to ascertain forest composition and the associated insects. Soil samples were collected to analyze their physical and chemical properties using the Kjeldahl, the Walky and Black, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). In addition, temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity were measured. The results noticed two agarwood producing species, Gyrinops caudate and Aquilaria sp., found at an altitude of 400–402 masl in Manokwari, 200–300 masl in Teluk Wondama, and 167.7 masl in Teluk Bintuni. There were no significant differences in temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity. The soil cation exchange capacity was moderate in Manokwari, but it was low in Teluk Wondama and Teluk Bintuni. Total C-organic content in three research sites was classified as high. However, total N content in the three research sites was in the moderate category. The ideal habitat for agarwood in the West Papua forest is from the lowlands to the highlands. Environmental conditions that support the growth of agarwood are moderate temperature, high humidity, and moderate light intensity. Soil fertility also affected the natural growth of agarwood trees.
Keywords: abiotic, agarwood association, lowland tropical forest, soil characteristics
Botanical Exploration and Conservation in Pasir Banteng and Pasir Pogor, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Hidayat Imawan Wahyu , Kurniawati Fitri
Published: November 2021

Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG) shall keep performing botanical exploration and ex situ conservation as part of the effort to rescue tropical montane rainforest plants, which tend to decrease in their natural habitat. Pasir Banteng and Pasir Pogor, Mount Gede Pangrango, were selected due to the potential threat and limited information on plants collected from these sites. The objectives of this study were to collect valuable plants, which have a conservation value and explore their potential usefulness. The study has begun by establishing a list of collectible plants. Then, the field activities were conducted by a plant collection explorative method along the hiking route, from 750 to 1,500 m asl, low-mid mountain as height as CBG, with no specific sampling point (found and collected). These plants have field treatment, were delivered to CBG, and would later be maintained in the garden. The study has obtained 31 species collected from Pasir Banteng and 20 species from Pasir Pogor. There were 35 families, with Orchidaceae being the most collectible. Some crucial findings were nine species included as least concern (LC) and a species as endangered (EN), based on their conservation status. At least six new species were identified as the garden enrichment of the CBG. In addition, at least fifteen species have potential utilization as construction materials, 29 species as ornamental plants, twelve species as medicinal plants, and some plants possessing multi-utilization. The results were significant in adding the collection’s richness and enhancing the conservation value of the plants conserved by CBG. It was also contributed to describing the plant species information of these sites.
Keywords: botanical exploration, ex-situ, Pasir Banteng, Pasir Pogor, plant conservation