bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public participation at the International Seabed Authority: An international human rights law analysis
Authors: Morgera Elisa , Lily Hannah
Published: November 2022

In light of the interlinkages between marine biodiversity and the protection of human rights, this article explores the relevance of international human rights law to the decision‐making processes at the International Seabed Authority (ISA). It illuminates the relevance of the ISA decisions for the protection of everyone's right to a healthy environment, as well as for the human rights of indigenous peoples and other communities that have cultural connections to the seabed, children and environmental human rights defenders. On these bases, the article assesses current practices in relation to public participation at the ISA, revealing that human rights obligations of procedure and substance appear overlooked in that context. The article concludes by outlining the steps the ISA member States should take to enhance public participation in decision‐making on deep‐seabed mining. In addition, it identifies an immediate opportunity for independent international review that could help clarify how human rights can support the ISA in delivering on its complex mandate to regulate deep‐seabed mining activities beyond national jurisdiction and protect the marine environment for the benefit of humankind.
Contribution of obesity to breathlessness in a large nationally representative sample of Australian adults
Authors: Guo Yue Leon , Ampon Maria R. , Poulos Leanne M. , Davis Sharon R. , Toelle Brett G. , Marks Guy B. , Reddel Helen K.
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective

Breathlessness is prevalent and associated with medical consequences. Obesity is related to breathlessness. However, the magnitude of its contribution has not been clearly documented. This investigation aimed to determine the contribution of obesity to breathlessness by estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) in a representative sample of Australian adults.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, nationally representative survey of Australian residents aged ≥18 years was conducted in October 2019. Breathlessness was defined as modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale grade ≥2. BMI was calculated from self‐reported height and weight. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were estimated using a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution, adjusted for age group and/or participant‐reported diagnosed illnesses. Adjusted PAFs were estimated using aRR and obesity prevalence in Australian adults.

Results

Among those who completed the National Breathlessness Survey, 9769 participants (51.4% female) were included in the analysis; 28.1% of participants were obese. The prevalence of breathlessness was 9.54%. The aRR of obesity for breathlessness was 2.04, adjusted for age. Adjusting for various co‐morbid conditions, the aRR was slightly attenuated to around 1.85–1.98. The PAF, adjusted only for age, was 24.6% (95% CI 20.1–29.1) and after further adjustment for co‐morbid conditions, the PAF ranged from 21.1% to 23.6%. Obesity accounted for a higher proportion of breathlessness in women than in men.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that obesity accounts for around a quarter of breathlessness symptoms in Australian adults. This has important implications for health policy in light of the global trend in increasing obesity.
Clinical utility of a standardized chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis exposure questionnaire
Authors: Barnes Hayley , Chambers Daniel , Grainge Chris , Corte Tamera J. , Bastiampillai Shalini , Frenkel Simon , Westall Glen , Collard Harold , Glaspole Ian
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective

Identification of an exposure is integral to the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP). Standardized questionnaires may aid in the identification of exposures, however, there currently are no evidence‐based patient‐validated questionnaires available. Key qualifiers (including duration and frequency) which indicate exposure relevance are also poorly defined. This study assessed the use of a standardized CHP exposure questionnaire in the identification of exposures and diagnostic confidence of CHP.

Methods

People with a multi‐disciplinary meeting (MDM) diagnosis from five Australian interstitial lung disease (ILD) expert centres who provided informed consent were included. Participants completed a previously developed standardized CHP Exposure Questionnaire. Responses were collected with the participant's MDM data, including diagnosis, diagnostic confidence, and clinician‐elicited exposures.

Results

One hundred thirty participants (IPF = 58, CHP = 24, CTD‐ILD = 17, unclassifiable = 19, other = 12) were included. In 33% of CHP participants, a standardized questionnaire elicited an exposure where the clinician did not. 63% of these had provisional low confidence CHP; and an exposure history would have increased the diagnostic confidence in these cases. Using the standardized questionnaire, 96% of CHP participants reporting any exposure, compared with 75% of non‐HP ILD participants. CHP participants were 3.5 times more likely (p = 0.004) to report their symptoms improved on avoidance, and 2.3 times more likely (p = 0.018) to report daily frequent exposure, compared with non‐HP ILDs.

Conclusion

A standardized questionnaire which elicits exposure characteristics in addition to presence or absence of relevant exposures can increase the diagnostic confidence of CHP and reduce the proportion of antigen‐indeterminate CHP.
Short and mid‐term characteristics of COVID‐19 disease course in athletes: A high‐volume, single‐center study
Authors: Juhász Vencel , Szabó Liliána , Pavlik Attila , Tállay András , Balla Dorottya , Kiss Orsolya , Babity Máté , Sydó Nóra , Csulak Emese , Benczúr András , Országh Anna , Gregor Zsófia , Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla , Vágó Hajnalka
Published: November 2022

Introduction

At the pandemic's beginning, significant concern has risen about the prevalence of myocardial involvement after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We assessed the cardiovascular burden of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a large cohort of athletes and identified factors that might affect the disease course. We included 633 athletes in our study on whom we performed extensive cardiology examinations after recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. More than half of the athletes (n = 322) returned for a follow‐up examination median of 107 days after the commencement of their infection.

Results

Troponin T positivity was as low as 1.4% of the athletes, where the subsequently performed examinations did not show definitive, ongoing myocardial injury. Altogether, 31% of the athletes' rapid training rebuild was hindered by persistent or reoccurring symptoms. Female athletes reported a higher prevalence of return to play (RTP) symptoms than their male counterparts (34% vs. 19%, p = 0.005). The development of long COVID symptoms was independently predicted by increasing age and acute symptoms' severity in a multiple regression model (AUC 0.75, CI 0.685–0.801). Athletes presenting with either or both cough and ferritin levels higher than >150 μg/L had a 4.1x (CI 1.78–9.6, p = 0.001) higher odds ratio of developing persistent symptoms.

Conclusion

While SARS‐CoV‐2 rarely affects the myocardium in athletes, about one in three of them experience symptoms beyond the acute phase. Identifying those athletes with a predisposition to developing long‐standing symptoms may aid clinicians and trainers in finding the optimal return‐to‐play timing and training load rebuild pace.
Wellbeing, environmental sustainability and profitability: Including plurality of logics in participatory extension programmes for enhanced farmer resilience
Authors: Knook Jorie , Eastwood Callum , Mitchelmore Karen , Barker Adam
Published: November 2022

Environmental sustainability and economic challenges are requiring significant change in the agricultural sector, and this is driving an increased focus on farmer and farm business resilience. Participatory extension programmes (PEPs) are a well‐known approach for supporting farmer change. The objective of this article is to explore how a PEP based on peer‐to‐peer learning can support farmers in increasing resilience. Our study examines the interaction of wellbeing, environmental change and profitability through the applications of an institutional logics evaluation framework. We interviewed 24 participants in a PEP based in Northland, New Zealand. Findings show that PEPs can provide a safe space to discuss wellbeing challenges and link farmers with networks to support them on their wellbeing journey. We found that farmer wellbeing is intrinsically linked to other pressures that farmers face around profitability and sustainability, and therefore PEPs need to balance these three pillars. This article adds to the current literature by expanding an institutional logics evaluation framework and identifying the role of different actors in change mechanisms.
World Englishes for specific purposes: A multi‐perspective view
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K.
Published: November 2022

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) discourses largely involve participants from different linguistic backgrounds in terms of their regional, economic, and sociocultural settings. Moreover, due to the globalisation of trade and commerce across international borders, professional practices invariably involve multiperspective interactions and negotiations across a range of participants interacting with speakers of English as a second or foreign language. However, although ESP targets speakers of languages other than English, it has often been driven by native speakers’ use of English in specific academic and professional contexts. Drawing on some of the key insights from critical genre theory, I would like to give more substance to this aspect of ESP and argue for a shift in the paradigm towards world Englishes for Specific Purposes (WESP).
Cryo-Assisted Extrusion 3D Printing of Shape Memory Polymer-Graphene Composites
Authors: Idowu Adeyinka , Thomas Tony , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind
Published: November 2022

A cryo-system assisted extrusion 3D printing technique has been developed to fabricate Shape Memory Polymer Epoxy (SMPE) thermoset into a near-net shape. With a unique cryogenic sprayer assisted printing system, it is possible to 3D print &amp;amp;quot;pure&amp;amp;quot; thermoset polymer, otherwise which was limited to thermoplastic or highly functionalized co-polymeric thermoset systems. The temperature was maintained below 10oC during 3D printing, which enabled dimensionally accurate structures. Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforced SMPE ink was synthesized to be compatible with cryo-assisted extrusion 3D printing of shape memory composites. The addition of a mere 0.1 wt.% GNP exhibited 15% faster shape recovery due to improved thermal conductivity. Also, GNP addition imparted a 30% improvement in the ultimate tensile strength and a 17% increase in 3D printed composites&amp;#39; elastic modulus. Dynamic mechanical testing showed that the addition of 0.1 wt.% GNP in SMPE increased the composite&amp;#39;s storage modulus by 365% and loss tangent by 66% compared to pure 3D printed SMPE, indicating enhanced damping characteristics. This study is the first to demonstrate a non-existent 3D printing technology for “pure thermoset” polymers with and without conductive graphene, that has the potential to develop an energy-efficient actuation system, passive thermal sensors, and self-deployable communication system structures.
Education in basic acoustics for acoustic phonetics and speech science
Authors: Arai Takayuki
Published: November 2022

Students in acoustic phonetics and speech science classes often do not have much technical background; an intuitive means to teach acoustic phenomena to them would, thus, be useful. Regarding speech production, physical demonstrations using vocal-tract models have been shown to be an intuitive way to teach acoustic phenomena. In particular, a series of models for different purposes has been developed by Arai over the last 20+ years, including lung models, sound sources, and vocal-tract models, e.g., see Arai [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131(3), 2444–2454 (2012)]. Different combinations of these models are helpful for teaching a variety of related topics in the classroom. However, there are still barriers to understanding certain concepts. This study examined ways of minimizing technical explanations and mathematical formulations and maximizing intuitive understanding of seven topics. Its findings were incorporated into an education program that was used in an actual lecture conducted online. A comparison of scores of questionnaires filled out by the audience before and after the lecture showed the program's effectiveness, especially in relating how a set of harmonic waves excites a multiple-resonance system and how the vowel /a/ is produced.
Large amplitude oscillatory shear behavior of thermoresponsive hydrogels: Single versus double network
Authors: Tarashi Sara , Nazockdast Hossein , Bandegi Alireza , Shafaghsorkh Saeid , Sodeifian Gholamhossein , Foudazi Reza
Published: November 2022

Double network (DN) hydrogels have been recognized as new tough materials for several industries due to their precise structural platforms and significant properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of microstructural changes of DN hydrogels under large deformations is required to extend their applications. In this work, we use the large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) technique to study the nonlinear response of a thermoresponsive κ-carrageenan/polyacrylamide DN system and its nanocomposite containing graphene oxide (GO) in comparison to its single network components. The results show a combination of strain stiffening and shear thickening nonlinear responses. The elastic intracycle strain stiffening was mainly attributed to the shear-induced increase in the elasticity of network chains and non-Gaussian stretching of individual chains. In addition, the orientation of the κ-carrageenan double helix segments and their enhancing effect on molecular orientation could be proposed as another possible mechanism of strain stiffening. The viscous intracycle shear thickening is also interpreted by two mechanisms of shear-induced temporary structure formation and reformation of dissociated physical interactions. It is also found that the GO nanosheets could contribute to the viscoelastic response by increasing the molecular interactions and, thus, amplification of energy dissipation. Furthermore, temperature dependency of the DN hydrogel owing to the conformational changes of the κ-carrageenan network at sufficiently high temperatures is used to investigate the effect of temperature on nonlinear behaviors. Increasing the temperature is found to have a significant decreasing effect on viscous nonlinearity, while its effect on the elastic nonlinearity was strongly dependent on the strain amplitude. This study provides a better understanding of the correlation between the microstructure and viscoelastic properties for designing tough hydrogels.
Biochemical Monitoring of Muscle Recovery in Elite Handball Using an Individualized Approach
Authors: Henze Alexander-Stephan , Huth Jochen , Mauch Frieder
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the classification performance of a new method to individualize reference ranges for biomarkers of muscle recovery in elite handball. Methods: In a longitudinal observational study, creatine kinase (CK) and urea levels were assessed in 16 male elite handball players during the 2019–20 preseason. Blood samples were collected at prespecified time points when players were considered either recovered or nonrecovered. Initially, linear mixed-effects models were calculated, as outlined in the study design, to examine the effect of recovery status on CK and urea levels. Finally, a fixed-effect model was calculated for urea based on the law of parsimony. Individualized reference ranges were calculated using a recently published algorithm. To investigate whether the individualized approach resulted in a more accurate classification of recovery status (recovered or nonrecovered), it was compared with a group-based approach derived from the same data set, utilizing predefined error rates. Results: Linear mixed-effects models showed a large effect of recovery status on CK (P < .001, d = 3.49) and a small effect on urea (P = .018, d = 0.382). In contrast to CK (P = .017), urea had no significant interindividual variation. Hence, individualization was examined only for CK. The numerical decrease in both CK error rates by the individualized approach was significant for the test-pass error rate (P = .0196, ϕ = .19). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the critical role of CK for monitoring in team sports such as handball. The observed improvement in CK error rates suggests a promising opportunity to individualize biochemical monitoring, although further studies encompassing larger sample sizes are warranted.
Physiological Demands and Muscle Activity of “Track-Work” Riding in Apprentice Jockeys
Authors: Legg Kylie A. , Cochrane Darryl J. , Gee Erica K. , Macdermid Paul W. , Rogers Chris W.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To enhance performance in race riding, knowledge of current training workload is required. The objectives of this study were to quantify the physiological demands and profile the muscle activity of jockeys riding track-work. Methods: Ten apprentice jockeys and 48 horses were instrumented with heart-rate monitors, accelerometers, and a surface electromyography BodySuit (recording 8 muscle groups: quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal, lower back, obliques, abdominal, trapezial, and pectoral) that recorded continuously while riding their normal morning track-work. Data were extracted and time matched into 200-m sections for analysis once the jockey reached steady-state canter (6.9 m·s−1). Results: Jockeys rode a mean (±SD) of 6 (1) horses each morning over 2.5 hours, spending ∼30 minutes at a canter (8.8  [ 0.7] m·s−1), with mean heart rate of 129 (11) beats·min–1 and ratings of perceived exertion representing easy-/moderate-intensity exercise. Mean magnitude of horse (0.17 [0.01] m) and jockey center of mass (0.16 [0.02] m) displacement per stride differed from that of the jockey’s head (0.11 [0.01] m, P < .05). The majority of horse oscillation was damped in the upper body with a 3-fold reduction in the medio/lateral and fore/aft planes (P < .05), to minimize jockey head movement. Lower-body muscles absorbed horse motion, with core and upper-body muscles important for postural stabilization. Conclusions: The physiological demands of riding track-work were low, with no evidence of fatigue. Future research on jockeys in races as comparison would identify the specific requirements of a jockey-specific physical conditioning program.
The Effects of an Exploratory Mindfulness Intervention on Collegiate Performance
Authors: Trajkovski Maya , Newland Aubrey
Published: November 2022

Although mindfulness has been suggested as a means to improve athletes’ performance, few studies have connected changes in mindfulness with improved performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of an exploratory mindfulness intervention (MI) on performance using a mixed methods design. Thirty-four female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer athletes participated in a 12-week MI. Using the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, athletic performance and self-perceived ability during the first three games of the season compared to the final three games of the season (August–November 2019) were analyzed using paired t tests. Postintervention focus groups explored athletes’ perceptions of the MI on performance. Mindfulness, shots per game, and self-perceived athletic ability increased after the MI. Six themes emerged from the focus groups: awareness, increased focus, letting-go mentality, skill acquisition, self-compassion, and team cohesion. Coaches and sport psychology practitioners may consider implementing similar MI to improve performance and overall athletic experiences.
Piperacillin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen Optimization in Critically Ill Children Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Thy Michael , Urien Saïk , Foissac Frantz , Bouazza Naïm , Gana Inès , Bille Emmanuelle , Béranger Agathe , Toubiana Julie , Berthaud Romain , Lesage Fabrice , Renolleau Sylvain , Tréluyer Jean-Marc , Benaboud Sihem , Oualha Mehdi
Published: November 2022

We aimed to develop a piperacillin population pharmacokinetic (PK) model in critically ill children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to optimize dosing regimens. The piperacillin plasma concentration was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Plasmids for Controlled and Tunable High-Level Expression in E. coli
Authors: Schuster Layla A. , Reisch Christopher R.
Published: November 2022

Genetic systems for protein overexpression are required tools in microbiological and biochemical research. Ideally, these systems include standardized genetic parts with predictable behavior, enabling the construction of stable expression systems in the host organism.
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Interacts with Na
+
/H
+
Exchanger 3 To Reduce Na
+
/H
+
Exchanger Activity and Promote Piglet Diarrhea
Authors: Niu Zheng , Xu ShaSha , Zhang YiLing , Kan ZiFei , Zhang JingYi , Liu Xiangyang , Zhang ShuJuan , Zou Hong , Song ZhenHui
Published: November 2022

A variety of coronaviruses have been found to cause severe diarrhea in hosts, including TGEV; however, the pathogenic mechanism is not clear. Therefore, prompt determination of the mechanism and identification of efficient therapeutic agents are required, both for public health reasons and for economic development.
Plasmid Sequence and Availability for an Improved Clostridioides difficile CRISPR-Cas9 Mutagenesis System
Authors: Brehm Joshua N. , Sorg Joseph A.
Published: November 2022

A two-plasmid mutagenesis system for
Clostridioides difficile
is described that improves ease of use and efficiency in creating site-directed mutations. pJB06 contains a xylose-inducible
cas9
gene, while the second plasmid (pJB07) encodes the corresponding guide RNA (gRNA) and regions of homology for repair of the introduced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks, both of which are replaceable via restriction digest.
SRA Suppresses Antiviral Innate Immune Response in Macrophages by Limiting TBK1 K63 Ubiquitination via Deubiquitinase USP15
Authors: Li Lei , Luo Jialiang , Zhu Zhengyumeng , Xu Qishan , Wang Ping , Chang Bo , Wang Di , Yu Lu , Lu Xiao , Zhou Jia , Zuo Daming , Chen Qingyun
Published: November 2022

During virus infection, PRRs are engaged to detect specific viral components, such as viral RNA or DNA, and regulate the innate immune response in the infected cells or other immune cells. We reported that deficiency of SRA, an important innate PRR, promoted IRF3 activation, type I IFN production, and innate antiviral responses against RNA and DNA viruses
in vivo
and
in vitro
.
Shell Disease Syndrome Is Associated with Reduced and Shifted Epibacterial Diversity on the Carapace of the Crustacean Cancer pagurus
Authors: Bergen Nils , Krämer Philipp , Romberg Julia , Wichels Antje , Gerlach Gabriele , Brinkhoff Thorsten
Published: November 2022

In recent years, shell disease syndrome has been detected for several ecologically and economically important crustacean species. Large proportions of populations are affected, e.g., >60% of the widely distributed species
Cancer pagurus
in different North Sea areas.
Evaluation of Dilution Susceptibility Testing Methods for Aztreonam in Combination with Avibactam against Enterobacterales
Authors: Kelley C. J. , Kennedy-Mendez A. , Walser O. N. , Thwaites M. T. , Arhin F. F. , Pillar C. M. , Hufnagel D. A.
Published: November 2022

Increasing antibiotic resistance and emergence of pan-resistant isolates threaten the ability to control infections and to provide many other medical interventions such as surgery and chemotherapy, among others. New therapies are required to control emerging resistance mechanisms, including the increase in metallo-β-lactamases.
Influence of Ion–Acoustic Solitons on Distribution Functions of Background Plasma
Authors: Trukhachev F. M. , Vasiliev M. M. , Petrov O. F.
Published: November 2022

Dynamics of an ensemble of ions of background plasma in the presence of ion–acoustic solitons in analyzed within the framework of the MHD model. Ion velocity distribution function perturbed by solitons is found. It is demonstrated that solitons transform the initial equilibrium ion distribution to the form similar to distribution of plasma containing an ion beam. Characteristic features of the perturbed ion distribution function corresponding to solitons of different amplitude are determined. The case of propagation of a cascade of solitons frequently observed in practice is analyzed.
Rare case of high amylase pleural effusion without pancreatitis, oesophageal rupture or malignancy
Authors: Baishya Nyrvan , Dua Ruchi , Singh Randeep , Padmanabhan Ajeesh Krishnadas
Published: November 2022

High amylase pleural effusion remains an entity which includes a wide variety of differentials, with pancreatitis, oesophageal rupture or malignant pleural effusion being most commonly encountered in clinical practice. Keeping the clinical picture (suggestive of pain in abdomen preceding any respiratory complaints) and differentials at hand, the case was evaluated with contrast-enhanced CT of the thorax and abdomen which revealed normal pancreatic architecture and no abnormal communication was noted between the pancreas and pleural space. A contrast oesophagogram, done when pancreatitis was ruled out, showed no evidence of any leak. The patient underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy which was suggestive of an ulcer with fistulous communication with the pleural space. Following nasojejunal feeding and clipping of the fistulous tract the patient’s symptoms improved.
Mandibular talon cusp: a rare dental anomaly
Authors: Mathew Mebin George
Published: November 2022

Talon cusp is a rare dental anomaly which consists of a supernumerary projection from the cingulum towards the incisal edge of the tooth. The cusp is made up of enamel and dentin but pulpal tissue may or may not be present. The occurrence of mandibular talon cusp is a rare entity with only 58 cases reported until now. This article reports a case of talon cusp on a mandibular central incisor along with a literature review of all mandibular talon cusp reported in history.
Provision of cervical screening for transmasculine patients: a review of clinical and programmatic guidelines
Authors: Nicholls Emily Jay , McGowan Catherine R , Miles Sam , Baxter Louisa , Dix Laura , Rowlands Sebastian , McCartney Daniel , Marston Cicely
Published: November 2022

Background

Most cervical cancer can be prevented through routine screening. Disparities in uptake of routine screening therefore translate into disparities in cervical cancer incidence and outcomes. Transmasculine people including transgender men experience multiple barriers to cervical screening and their uptake of screening is low compared with cisgender women. Comprehensive evidence-based guidelines are needed to improve cervical screening for this group.

Methods

We searched for and synthesised clinical and programmatic guidelines for the provision of cervical screening for transmasculine patients.

Findings

The guidelines offer recommendations addressing: (1) reception, check-in and clinic facilities; (2) patient data and invitation to screening; (3) improving inclusion in screening programmes; and (4) sexual history taking, language and identity. Guidelines offer strategies for alleviating physical and psychological discomfort during cervical screening and recommendations on what to do if the screening procedure cannot be completed. Most of the guidelines were from and for high-income countries.

Discussion

The evidence base is limited, but existing guidelines provide recommendations to ensure life-saving screening services are available to all who need them. We were only able to identify one set of guidelines for a middle-income country, and none for low-income countries. We encourage the involvement of transmasculine people in the development of future guidelines.
FYCO1 regulates migration, invasion, and invadopodia formation in HeLa cells through CDC42/N-WASP/Arp2/3 signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Xuejiao , Zhou Linlin , Wang Xinyao , Li Yuying , Liu Xiangyuan , Chen Yu , Zhong Zilin , Chen Jianjun
Published: November 2022

FYCO1, an autophagy adaptor, plays an essential role in the trafficking toward the plus-end of microtubules and the fusion of autophagosomes. Autophagic dysfunction is involved in numerous disease states, including cancers. Previous studies have implicated FYCO1 as one of the critical genes involved in the adenoma to carcinoma transition, but the biological function and mechanism of FYCO1 in carcinogenesis remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanism of up- and downregulation of FYCO1 in mediating tumor effects in HeLa cells. Functionally, FYCO1 promotes cellular migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invadopodia formation, and matrix degradation, which are detected through wound healing, transwell, immunofluorescence, and Western blot approaches. Interestingly, the data show that although FYCO1 does not affect HeLa cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, nor vessels' formation, FYCO1 can block the apoptotic function. FYCO1 inhibits cleavage of PARP, caspase3, and caspase9 and increases Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Then, we used CK666, an Arp2/3 specific inhibitor, to confirm that FYCO1 may promote the migration and invasion of HeLa cells through the CDC42/N-WASP/Arp2/3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results provide a new insight that FYCO1, an autophagy adaptor, may also be a new regulator of tumor metastasis.
Experimental investigation of local chemo-mechanical behaviour and temporal development of osmotic consolidation in expansive clay
Authors: Hiraga Misa , Kyokawa Hiroyuki , Koseki Junichi
Published: November 2022

A series of one-dimensional cation infiltration tests under different drainage/infiltration conditions, infiltration times, ion concentrations (Na+), and vertical stresses were performed to comprehensively understand the osmotic consolidation of bentonite. The local behaviour of the specimen was captured on a digital camera through a transparent acrylic oedometer ring by tracking the movements of the marker sands on the side of the specimen. The Na+ concentration of the pore fluid throughout the specimen was measured after the test to investigate the spatiotemporal relationships between consolidation behaviour and cation infiltration. In the initial period of infiltration, the pore water pressure measured at the undrained bottom increased. A local swelling behaviour inside the specimen was observed during osmotic consolidation. The low permeability of expansive soils obstructs osmotically induced water drainage from the interlayer space of the expansive clay mineral, especially in regions far from the drainage boundary. This transition of pore water pressure affects the local mechanical behaviour; the dissipation of pore water pressure is followed by settlement. Therefore, the process of osmotic consolidation is totally longer than that of pure mechanical consolidation.
Smoothelin-like 1 knockout mice display sex-dependent alterations in blood flow and cardiac function
Authors: Murali Megha , Turner Sara R. , Belke Darrell D. , Cole William C. , MacDonald Justin A.
Published: November 2022

Smoothelin-like 1 (SMTNL1) modulates the contractile performance of smooth muscle and thus has a key role in vascular homeostasis. Elevated vascular tone, recognized as a contributor to the development of progressive cardiac dysfunction, was previously found with SMTNL1 deletion. In this study, we assessed cardiac morphology and function of male and female, wild-type ( Smtnl1+/+) and global SMTNL1 knockout ( Smtnl1−/−) mice at 10 weeks of age. Gross dissection revealed distinct cardiac morphology only in males; Smtnl1−/−hearts were significantly smaller than Smtnl1+/+, but the left ventricle (LV) proportion of heart mass was greater. Male Smtnl1−/−mice also displayed increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, as well as elevated aortic and pulmonary flow velocities. The impact of cardiac stress with pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was examined in male mice. With TAC banding, systolic function was preserved, but the LV filling pressure was selectively elevated due to relaxation impairment. Smtnl1−/−mice displayed higher early/passive filling velocity of LV/early mitral annulus velocity ratio (E/E′ ratio) and myocardial performance index along with a prolonged isovolumetric relaxation time. Taken together, the findings support a novel, sex-dimorphic role for SMTNL1 in modulating cardiac structure and function of mice.
Correlations in Noisy Measurements
Authors: Seo Seungchan , Seong Jiheon , Bae Joonwoo
Published: November 2022

Although a measurement on the computational basis is devised in quantum computing, e.g., cloud-based quantum computing services, a quantum measurement in a realistic scenario is noisy. In particular, a measurement readout error in the era of noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum technologies is significant. In this work, we consider measurements on multiple qubits in a realistic scenario and present a method of analyzing noise in the measurement. Correlations existing in a noisy measurement are of particular interest so that local and crosstalk errors are introduced: the existence of correlations in a measurement in cloud-based quantum computing services is verified. We then present quantification of local and crosstalk errors and apply it to a noisy measurement in a cloud-based quantum computing service. Our results that analyze measurement errors can be used to mitigate these errors.
A Design Framework for Smart Glass Augmented Reality Experiences in Heritage Sites
Authors: Dima Mariza
Published: November 2022

Despite the growing applications of smart glass Augmented Reality (AR) in heritage, there is not a framework that can serve as a base for designing meaningful and educational immersive heritage experiences. This article proposes such a prototype design framework for AR experiences in heritage sites, drawing on literature that connects affective experiences with learning and practically exploring AR as a non-didactic storytelling medium. Smart glass AR is considered here an important technology milestone for creating affective interactions, one that offers visitors/viewers new ways to experience, embody, and have a physical and social interaction with a localized past and learn about it.
Study on Machine Translation Teaching Model Based on Translation Parallel Corpus and Exploitation for Multimedia Asian Information Processing
Authors: Gong Yan
Published: November 2022

Text in one language can be mechanically translated into another language using machine translation (MT). It is possible to anticipate a sequence of words, generally modeling full sentences using machine translation in a single integrated model. Human language's flexibility makes automatic translation an artificial intelligence (AI) challenge of the highest order. A single model rather than a pipeline of fine-tuned models is now the best way to attain state-of-the-art outcomes in machine translation. For example, words having numerous meanings, phrases that use more than one grammatical structure, and other grammar issues make it difficult for a machine to translate; however, many misinterpretations translate to be a breeze. A teacher's job is to assist pupils in overcoming the emotional and cognitive obstacles that stand in the way of developing effective problem-solving abilities. Students will benefit from developing problem-solving abilities since they will apply what they have learned to new circumstances. MT-AI, machine translation technology, and products have been employed in a wide range of applications, including business travel, tourism, and cross-lingual information retrieval. Text translation and phonetic translation are two types of translations that focus on the content of the source language. It is possible to create self-learning systems by injecting machine learning techniques into existing software and then observing the results of such injection. Computer software can translate a massive volume of text in a short period. It takes longer for a human translator to perform the same work as a computer program. The simulation investigation is developed based on correctness and effectiveness, demonstrating the proposed framework's reliability of 95.1%.
ADAS:

A

High Computational Utilization

D

ynamic Reconfigurable Hardware

A

ccelerator for

S

uper Resolution
Authors: Chang Liang , Zhao Xin , Zhou Jun
Published: November 2022

Super-resolution (SR) based on deep learning has obtained superior performance in image reconstruction. Recently, various algorithm efforts have been committed to improving image reconstruction quality and speed. However, the inference of SR contains huge amounts of computation and data access, leading to low hardware implementation efficiency. For instance, the up-sampling with the deconvolution process requires considerable computation resources. In addition, the sizes of output feature maps of several middle layers are extraordinarily large, which is challenging to optimize, causing serious data access issues. In this work, we present an all-on-chip hardware architecture based on the deconvolution scheme and feature map segmentation strategy, namely ADAS, where all the generated data by the middle layers are buffered on-chip to avoid large data movements between on- and off-chip. In ADAS, we develop a hardware-friendly and efficient deconvolution scheme to accelerate the computation. Also, the dynamic reconfigurable process element (PE) combined with efficient mapping is proposed to enhance PE utilization up to nearly 100% and support multiple scaling factors. Based on our experimental results, ADAS demonstrates real-time image SR and better image reconstruction quality with PSNR (37.15
dB
) and SSIM (0.9587). Compared to baseline and validated with the FPGA platform, ADAS can support scaling factors of 2, 3, and 4, achieving 2.68 ×, 5.02 ×, and 8.28 × speedup.
The Rational Speech Act Framework
Authors: Degen Judith
Published: November 2022

The past decade has seen the rapid development of a new approach to pragmatics that attempts to integrate insights from formal and experimental semantics and pragmatics, psycholinguistics, and computational cognitive science in the study of meaning: probabilistic pragmatics. The most influential probabilistic approach to pragmatics is the Rational Speech Act (RSA) framework. In this review, I demonstrate the basic mechanics and commitments of RSA as well as some of its standard extensions, highlighting the key features that have led to its success in accounting for a wide variety of pragmatic phenomena. Fundamentally, it treats language as probabilistic, informativeness as gradient, alternatives as context-dependent, and subjective prior beliefs (world knowledge) as a crucial facet of interpretation. It also provides an integrated account of the link between production and interpretation. I highlight key challenges for RSA, which include scalability, the treatment of the boundedness of cognition, and the incremental and compositional nature of language.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrode Prepared by In Situ Polymerization for Specific Determination of Norfloxacin
Authors: Yuan Jie , Zhang Huaju , Shi Haizhu , Zhang Guowei , Feng Shun
Published: November 2022

Herein, a molecularly imprinted sensor was proposed via in situ polymerization technique for specifically sensing norfloxacin (NFX). The sensor indicates high stability due to the imprinting layer covalently conjugated on the surface of aminated glass carbon electrode. Emphasized, it shows excellent selectivity and specificity towards NFX ascribed to the unique characteristics of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Even in the presence of 10-fold concentration of its structural analog ciprofloxacin, there is no evident interference in the determination of NFX. Under optimized conditions, the oxidation current of square wave voltammetry (typically at +1.03 V vs Ag/AgCl) increases linearly with the concentration of NFX increasing in the ranges of 0.1–10 μM and 10−160 μM. And the limit of detection is 0.004 μM (based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Average recoveries from (spiked) real water samples are between 99.63% and 103.20% with relative standard derivations less than 4.67% (n = 3) at three spiked levels, validated by independent assays of HPLC. This work provides a successful model for fast preparing MIP-based electrochemical sensors for detecting trace drug residues in environmental samples.
An Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Detection of Cu2+ by using a self-Assembled Cu Coordinated β-cyclodextrin- nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Composite
Authors: Chen Jinliang , Han Sha , Li Hongxia , Niu Xiaohui , Wang Kunjie
Published: November 2022

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method using citric acid as carbon source and urea as nitrogen source. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide with a unique hollow structure, which is beneficial to the enrichment of metal ions on the electrode surface while reducing the agglomeration of carbon quantum dots and maintaining conductivity. When Cu2+ is coordinated with β-CD, it can further increase the affinity for Cu2+ and recognize Cu2+ more sensitively. Therefore, we coordinated Cu2+ and β-CD to form copper ion coordinated β-cyclodextrin (Cu-β-CD). By self-assembly, the prepared N-CQDs and Cu-β-CD combined to form Cu-β-CD/N-CQDs composites. The electrochemical sensor constructed by Cu-β-Cd/N-CQDs successfully realizes the selective detection of Cu2+ in the range of 1–125 μmol l−1, and the lowest detection limit is 0.094 μmol l−1. In the detection of actual water samples, the Recovery of Cu2+ was between 92% and 120%, and the RSD was between 2.3% and 5.2%. Therefore, Cu-β-CD/N-CQDs composite is expected to be constructed as a non-toxic, pollution-free electrochemical sensor for selective detection of heavy metal Cu2+ ions in water.
Performance Analysis of Reverse T-Shaped Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (RT-DG-TFET) Based Lable–Free Dielectric Modulation Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Manikanta K. , Nanda Umakanta
Published: November 2022

In this paper the performance of Reverse T-Shaped Double gate Tunnel field effect transistor is investigated (RT-DG-TFET)with respect to different bio molecules for application as biosensor. The proposed device is built in order to overcome the limitations of short channel effects (SCEs) in MOSFET devices. The recent outbreak due to Corona virus demanded the requirement of a lable free, highly sensitive, quick and meticulous biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This device study records the lable free electrical detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus using RT-DG-TFET that detects the virus because of the electrical properties (dielectric constant) of different bio molecules like protein, biotin, air, strepta, APTES, DNA etc. These are studied by using different dielectric modulation techniques in biosensor application. The etched nano-cavity implanted under the gate electrode first immobilizes the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is subsequently used to identify it. The sensitivity and different analog/RF parameters are also investigated for different bio molecules. All these simulations are investigated in TCAD Sentaurus simulator.
Comparison Effects of Propofol‐Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol‐Remifentanil for Endoscopic Ultrasonography: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Trial
Authors: Zhao Liang , Zhang Yonglai , Xu Shoucai , Wang Xiuqin
Published: November 2022

Objective. To compare the effects of propofol‐dexmedetomidine versus propofol‐remifentanil for endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Design, Setting, and Participants. A single‐center, randomized trial from August 20, 2020 to August 20, 2021, in patients undergoing EUS. Interventions. Propofol‐dexmedetomidine (PD) versus propofol‐remifentanil (PR). Outcome Measures. The primary outcome was the endoscopist satisfaction level. The secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction, the incidence of adverse events, induction time, and time to achieve postanesthesia discharge score (PADS) ≥9. Methods. Total of 200 patients were enrolled and randomized into PD and PR groups. A bolus dose of 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was injected intravenously for 5 min. Subsequently, a continuous infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h for the PD group. Remifentanil was continuously infused at 1.5 μg/kg/h for the PR group. A bolus dose of 1 mg/kg propofol was administered to both groups and then continuously infused. Results. The endoscopist satisfaction level was higher in the PR group than in the PD group (P = 0.009). Patient satisfaction was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.738). No patients required mask ventilation or tracheal intubation in both groups. All patients were relatively hemodynamically stable. The incidence of body movements during the procedure in the PD group was higher than in the PR group (P = 0.035). The induction time and time taken to achieve PADS ≥9 in the PD group were longer than in the PR group (P < 0.05). Conclusions. PR sedation can increase the satisfaction level of the endoscopist by providing faster induction time and lower body movement and that of the patient by achieving faster PADS than PD sedation. Trial registration number: http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000034987).
Influence of Obesity Parameters on Different Regional Patterns of Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Wu Wan-Xiao , Feng Jia-Wei , Ye Jing , Qi Gao-Feng , Hong Li-Zhao , Hu Jun , Liu Sheng-Yong , Jiang Yong , Qu Zhen
Published: November 2022

Objective. Obesity increases risk of thyroid cancer. However, the association between obesity and the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains controversial. This retrospective study aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and regional patterns of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in PTC. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed data from 1015 patients with PTC. We calculated obese parameters, such as body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and body surface area (BSA). Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between obese parameters and the rate of lymph node metastasis (LNM), number of LNM, pattern of LNM, and lymph node ratio (LNR). Results. Higher BMI was not associated with different regional patterns of LNM in PTC. In men with PTC, high BFP was an independent predictor of total LNM, central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), total lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM), multiple lateral lymph node metastasis, and simultaneous metastasis in lateral compartment. In addition, male patients with high BFP had higher central LNR and higher number of CLNM. For women, high BSA was an independent predictor of LLNM and level IV metastasis. Female patients with high BSA had higher number of CLNM. Conclusion. BFP and BSA, possibly influenced by gender, were positively associated with the number and risk of LNM in different regions of PTC patients. However, BMI was not the predictor for aggressiveness of PTC in terms of LNM. Clinical decision-making for regional LNM in PTC patients should consider the factor of obesity.