bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A lightweight, easy-integration reward shaping study for progress maximization in Reinforcement Learning for autonomous driving
Authors: Fu Hongze , Qing Kunqiang
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of sample efficiency in reinforcement learning (RL) for autonomous driving, a domain characterized by long-term dependencies and complex environments. While RL has shown success in various fields, its application to autonomous driving is hindered by the need for numerous samples to learn effective policies. We propose a novel, lightweight reward-shaping method called room-of-adjust to maximize learning progress. This approach separates rewards into continuous tendency rewards for long-term guidance and discrete milestone rewards for short-term exploration. Our method is designed to be easily integrated with other approaches, such as efficient representation, imitation learning, and transfer learning. We evaluate our approach on a hill-climbing task with uneven surfaces, which simulates the spatial-temporal reasoning required in autonomous driving. Results show that our room-of-adjust reward shaping achieves near-human performance (81.93%), whereas other reward shaping and progress maximization methods struggle. When combined with imitation learning, the performance matches human levels (97.00%). The Study also explores the method's effectiveness in formulating control theory, such as 4-wheel independent drive (4WID) systems. With reduced spatial-temporal reasoning, reward shaping can match human performance (89.7%). However, control theory cannot be trained together with complicated spatial-temporal progress maximization.
Behavioral analysis and structural evolution of bothkennar clay: Insights from laboratory and field investigations
Authors: Niu Shuo
Published: December 2024

Bothkennar clay is a type of soft clay found near the Firth of Forth in Scotland, at the Bothkennar site, which was established in the late 1980s as a national research center for advanced studies on soft clays. This paper analyzes the behavior of Bothkennar clay under both natural and remolded conditions, drawing on data from laboratory and field experiments. Special attention is given to the results of triaxial tests and oedometer tests, which are crucial for understanding the stress-strain response under different stress paths. The analysis largely employs the Cam-clay model, a widely used constitutive model in geotechnical engineering, to investigate the clays behavior during loading and unloading. Additionally, this study explores the clays internal structure, focusing on plastic anisotropy and destructuration, which reflect changes in the clay's behavior over time. A sensitivity framework and a normalization framework are also applied to better understand the deformation mechanisms and structural evolution of the clay. These studies not only shed light on the clays natural characteristics but also provide critical insights for model calibration and foundation stability predictions. As a benchmark material in soil mechanics, Bothkennar clay plays a key role in validating theoretical models and advancing research on the behavior of soft clays in geotechnical engineering.
A review study on the modification and characterization of NCM cathode materials through doping strategies for the improvement of Li-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Yu
Published: December 2024

At present, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been vastly applied and are widely being used for portable device, hybrid electric vehicles, and aviation field. Cathode materials, as the most important part in the LIBs, shows a profound prospect and potential. This study mainly focuses on the study of the means of how to improve the electrochemical properties and performance of the NCM cathode materials, examining the characterization of the NCM cathode materials through the characterization techniques. By referring different doping elements on NCM cathode materials, this paper aims to examine the structural properties, electrochemical performance, and stability of these materials under different dopants. Several characterization techniques, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), x-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results have clearly displayed a large amount of figure on cathode materials, which help us to gain a better understanding on the characteristic of each cathode materials and help us to do the further calculation and study on cathode materials.
Research on wireless charging technology for in-flight drones
Authors: Tian Chengxuan
Published: December 2024

This article explores the development and application of wireless charging technology for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), focusing on the principles and challenges of wireless charging via magnetic coupling. The paper reviews various wireless power transfer (WPT) methods such as electromagnetic induction, magnetic resonance and microwave transmission, discussing the advantages and limitations of each. The paper highlights the difficulties in improving charging efficiency, extending transmission distances and ensuring EMF safety. Using these principles, the thesis further explores the potential for future breakthroughs using new materials, intelligent control systems and advanced algorithms to improve the efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness of wireless charging for UAVs. Insights gained from this research could provide significant support for the widespread use of drones in a variety of industries, including agriculture, logistics and military applications.
Miten mennyt meissä kajahteleekaan: Varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien kokemuksia hakeutumisestaan alalle ja siirtymisestään opettajiksi toiselle ja korkeaasteelle
Authors: Körkkö Minna , Kyrönlampi Taina , Korhonen Eeva-Maria , Ollinen Hannele , Isoniemi Saara
Published: December 2024

Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitämme, minkälaiset kokemukset ovat vaikuttaneet varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien alalle hakeutumiseen ja heidän myöhempään siirtymään päiväkodin varhaiskasvatuksen opettajista toisen ja korkea- asteen opettajiksi. Tutkimuksen teoreettiset lähtökohdat liittyvät opettajan ammatilliseen kehittymiseen, jonka ajatellaan alkavan jo ennen hakeutumista opettajan työhön pätevöittävään koulutukseen. Tutkimuksen kohdejoukkona on kahdeksan hanketyöntekijää, jotka ovat aiemmin työskennelleet varhaiskasvatuksen opettajina päiväkodissa mutta myöhemmin siirtyneet työskentelemään muissa opetus- ja kasvatusalan tehtävissä. Tutkimuksen aineistona on Teams keskustelu, jossa osallistujat kertoivat pääosin valokuvien, videoiden, runojen ja laulujen välityksellä kokemuksistaan varhaiskasvatuksesta. Tutkimuksen metodologiseksi lähestymistavaksi valikoitui photo telling, joka tutkimusmenetelmänä yhdistää kuvan ja kerronnan. Aineiston analyysi pohjautui Gadamerin hermeneuttisen kehän analyysiprosessiin. Opettajien kokemuksissa varhaiskasvatusalalle hakeutumiseen vaikuttivat omat lapsuuden aikaiset kokemukset päiväkodista. Varhaiskasvatuksen opettajina he kokivat merkityksellisenä lapsilähtöisen pedagogiikan toteuttamisen lapsiryhmässä. Keskeisenä syynä hakeutumiseen pois varhaiskasvatuksen opettajan työtehtävistä olivat päiväkodin riittämättömät resurssit, joiden seurauksena varhaiskasvatuksen opettajille syntyi eettistä kuormaa. Tutkimuksen tulosten pohjalta esitämme näkökulmia varhaiskasvatuksessa työskentelevien ammattilaisten osaamisen kehittämiseksi.
Psykologinen sopimus ammatillisen opettajan työssä
Authors: Aitio Outi
Published: December 2024

Väitöstutkimuksessani olen tutkinut, minkälaisia käsityksiä ja kokemuksia ammatillisilla opettajilla ja heidän esihenkilöillään on psykologisesta sopimuksesta ammatillisen opettajan työssä.
Comparing Patient Communication Event Demand for External Ring Fixators to Other Common Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Procedures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kisiel Sara C. , Logan-Baca Santiago , Reyes Trevin , Henderson Jordan , Jaffe David E.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Surgeons may hesitate to apply external ring fixators (ERFs) due to perceived high clinical burden. This study aims to quantify the relative demand of ERFs compared with other common foot and ankle procedures. Understanding the demand of ERFs can provide insights into postoperative experiences, potentially decreasing intimidation of their use.

Methods:

Patients undergoing ERF treatment, hallux valgus osteotomy (HVO), or lateral ligamentous reconstruction (LLR) were identified using current procedural terminology code search in a single surgeon database. A retrospective review at a single institution included patients undergoing one of the three surgeries between 2017 and 2023. Clinical burden was quantified using points of contact for each procedure, which included phone calls, portal messages/documented emails, in-person visits, and surgeries. Visits and surgeries were categorized as routine or unexpected. Quantified burden was then compared among the three groups.

Results:

One hundred ninety-four patients were included in the study (81 LLR, 64 HVO, 49 ERF), and data were collected within 6-month postoperation. ERFs had 2.27 more total clinic visits than HVO (6.91 vs. 4.64; P < 0.0001) and 2.80 more than LLR (6.91 vs. 4.11; P < 0.0001). Overall, 0.42 more unexpected clinic visits were observed for ERF than for HVO (0.94 vs. 0.52; P = 0.06) and 0.84 more than LLR (0.94 vs. 0.1; P < 0.0001). An average of 0.6 unexpected surgeries were observed for ERF, compared with 0.09 for HVO (P < 0.0001) and 0 for LLR (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Patients with an ERF did have more frequent encounters compared with control groups. This study provides guidance about the extent of potential clinical burden of ERF. Whether this increase is clinically notable would be to the discretion of the treating surgeon.
FEATURES OF THE COMPLEX USE OF WOOD RAW MATERIALS OBTAINED FROM INTERMEDIATE CUTTINGS IN THE BEECH FORESTS OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Yahyayev Aydin
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the issue of the complex use of wood raw materials obtained from intermediate use cuttings in the beech forests of Azerbaijan. In this regard, it was necessary to establish the volume and structure of the resulting wood raw materials. For this purpose, one sample areas was allocated for each type of care cuttings and selective-sanitary cuttings with separation of its 7-10 section where plots are laid. A total of 43 plots were laid with a total area of 26 hectares. Cuttings were carried out with intensity of 7.0-18.3%. The total volume of wood raw materials harvested was 508.16 m3 (19.6 m3/ha) including commercial wood - 53.1%, technological raw materials - 28.0%, technical greens (fitomass) - 18.9%. In turn, commercial wood in the amount of 269.88 m3 by size categories was distributed as follows: large - 38.6%, medium - 29.6%, small - 31.8%. Mathematical models of yield of categories wood raw materials depending on age and wood stock of forests have also been derived from the work. The article also indicates the possibilities of rational use of these raw materials and developed the corresponding technological scheme of the wood-processing complex for the production of finished products. Keywords: wood raw materials, intermediate use cuttings, beech forests, commercial wood, technical greens, low-quality roundwood, felling waste, technological scheme.
Reimagining Criminology Education: A Study on the Metacognitive Awareness and Self- Regulation of Criminology Students
Authors:   https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2625-4688, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-4509 angeleries.orbigo@olivarezcollege.edu.ph, gonzales.kpj@pnu.edu.ph Olivarez College, Philippines Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippines, D. Orbigo Angeleries , J. Gonzales Kerwin Paul
Published: December 2024

Metacognition as part of the teaching and learning process, has been one of the pivotal issues in the Philippine Criminological Education System. It has been a crucial concern for instructors and institutions alike to identify the thinking process of the students. Hence, in the educational process pre-existing understandings are deemed important as various subjects need to have improvement in their instruction as to its specific discipline. Thus, it is imperative to draw out and understand the process of students learning, improve activities, as to conform to the teaching approaches as it is significant to the curriculum and the discipline. In addition, self-regulation dictates the student’s thinking in a way of managing and improvement of their cognition. Hence, the study provides description on the metacognitive awareness and learning self-regulation of the Philippines’ Criminology students. Through a Descriptive-Correlation research design the study foresees to analyze its relationship; and provide an understanding on the students’ modern learning behavior.

Keywords: Metacognition, Criminology, Learning-Regulation, Education, Student-Learning
Количественный анализ спектров звездCQ Tau И UX Ori вне затмений по данным Nordic Optical Telescope
Authors: Димитриева П. , Козлова О. В.
Published: December 2024

Выполнен количественный анализ спектров звезд CQ Tau и UX Ori, принадлежащих семейству молодых неправильных переменных звезд с алголеподобными ослаблениями блеска. Спектры получены в обсерватории Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) в моменты времени, когда обе звезды находились в ярком состоянии. На их основе определены эквивалентные ширины фотосферных линий поглощения и эмиссионной линии Hα. По эквивалентной ширине эмиссионной линии сделаны оценки темпа аккреции газа на звезды.
A quantitative analysis of the spectra of CQ Tau and UX Ori stars belonging to the family of young irregular variable stars with Algol-like decrease in brightness has been performed. The spectra were obtained at the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) observatory at times when the stars were in a bright state. On their basis, the equivalent widths of the photospheric absorption lines, as well as the emission line Hα, are determined. The equivalent width of the latter is used to estimate the gas accretion rate on the stars.
Активность звезды TOI-6255 и потеря массы атмосферы ее планеты
Authors: Саванов И. С.
Published: December 2024

Рассмотрены свойства планетной системы TOI-6255, в которой землеподобная планета с ультракоротким орбитальным периодом (5.7 часов) обращается вокруг карлика спектрального класса М. По архивным измерениям блеска TOI-6255 сделаны выводы о переменности блеска вследствие вращения, а также циклической долговременной переменности объекта. Установлены возможные величины периода вращения Р звезды, которые лежат в интервалах 64-74 сут и 78-92 сут и которые были сопоставлены с результатами литературных данных. Для двух значений параметра log R'HK (-5.15 и -4.66), соответствующих максимумам бимодального распределения этого параметра для малоактивных и активных М карликов, вычислены величины оттока вещества из атмосферы планеты TOI- 6255 b. Потеря вещества атмосферы планеты составляет 9.4 ·109 г/с для величины logR'HK = -4.65 и 1.1 · 10 9 г/с для величины log R'HK= -5.15. Оценены перспективы TOI-6255 b, как приоритетного объекта для будущих наблюдений и исследований.
The properties of the TOI-6255 planetary system are considered, in which an Earth-like planet with an ultrashort orbital period (5.7 hours) orbits a dwarf star of spectral class M. Based on archival measurements of TOI-6255 brightness variability due to rotation as well as the cyclic long-term variability of the object were established. The possible values of the rotation period P of the star lie in the intervals of 64-74 days and 78-92 days and were compared with the results of the literature data. For two values of the logR'HK parameter (-5.15 and -4.66) corresponding to the maxima of the bimodal distribution of this parameter for low-activity and active M dwarfs the values of mass loss from the planet's atmosphere are calculated. Mass loss is 9.4 ·109 g/sec for logR'HK = -4.65 and 1.1·109 g/sec for logR'HK = -5.15. The prospects of TOI-6255 b as a priority object for future observations and research are assessed.
Thermodynamics And Its Quantum Correction Of Vacuum Nonsingular Black Hole
Authors: Ma D. , Huo T. , Liu C.
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the thermodynamic properties of vacuum nonsingular black holes. Considering the energy characteristics of the regularity spacetime, we use the modified first law of black hole thermodynamics to calculate the black holes' Hawking temperature, entropy and heat capacity. The obtained temperature is the same as that obtained by the surface gravity and tunneling methods. Also, the entropy is satisfied with the Bekenstein-Hawking area law. Notably, the heat capacity of large-mass black holes diverges, while that of small-mass black holes tends to zero, with a phase transition point existing. Additionally, we consider the quantum gravity effect by using the generalized uncertainty principle to study the quantum corrections of the thermodynamic properties for the vacuum nonsingular black holes. The generalized uncertainty principle introduces a logarithmic correction term to the black hole entropy. Also, the temperature and heat capacity are modified.
В данной статье исследуются термодинамические свойства вакуумных несингулярных черных дыр. Учитывая энергетические характеристики регулярного пространства-времени, использован модифицированный первый закон термодинамики черных дыр для расчета температуры Хокинга, энтропии и теплоемкости черных дыр. Полученная температура совпадает с температурой, полученной методами поверхностной гравитации и туннелирования. Кроме того, энтропия удовлетворяет закону площади Бекенштейна- Хокинга. Примечательно, что теплоемкость черных дыр большой массы расходится, в то время как теплоемкость черных дыр малой массы стремится к нулю, при этом существует точка фазового перехода. Кроме того, эффект квантовой гравитации рассматрен использованием обобщенного принципа неопределенности для изучения квантовых поправок термодинамических свойств в случае вакуумных несингулярных черных дыр. Обобщенный принцип неопределенности вводит логарифмический поправочный член в энтропию черной дыры. Также модифицируются температура и теплоемкость.
Exploring Environmental Education Content through Education for Sustainable Development Lenses. A Case of Malawi Senior Primary School Religious Education Curriculum
Authors: Kathyole Silas Garatia , Dinama Baamphatlha , Kahaka Makotoka
Published: December 2024

The United Nations environmental education agenda calls all bodies of knowledge to engage students by instilling environmental consciousness and actively involve them through transformative classroom practices. Therefore, all curricula are expected to integrate considerable and relevant environmental content that is linked to Education for Sustainable Development through classroom practice. This qualitative article is part of a larger study that investigated the adequacy of environmental education content and the suggested pedagogical approaches in the Malawi senior primary school Religious Education curriculum. This was in an effort to seek deeper understanding on the adequacy of ecological and environmental content and how the content is pedagogically made accessible to learners. The investigation involved analyzing Religious Education curriculum documents and recommended textbooks with respect to ecological and environmental content, including the suggested pedagogical approaches. The study revealed the limited coverage of ecological and environmental issues especially the Bible Knowledge curricular that focus more on conservation and less on sustainability and ecological justice. Furthermore, the study revealed a dominance of transmission mode, with a focus on knowledge transmission rather than critical thinking or problem-posing with practical engagement of students. Among some of the propositions were the need for review of RE curriculum, focusing on adequacy of ecological and environmental content with the transformative pedagogical approaches and this in response to the UN urgent call on ecological and environmental education.
Can Hand Involvement in Osteoarthritis Be as Devastating as Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: ilmen nevzat , kaya arzu , uslu emine , alkan g , lkesen arif , n ay
Published: December 2024

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) lead to pain and function loss in the hand joints. Common clinical symptoms include reduction in the range of motion in joints, muscle strength and hand functions. The present study aimed to compare hand involvement in RA and OA patients based on functionality, and to investigate the correlation between hand functions, radiological scores, and other disease parameters in RA and OA patients.
Methods: The study was conducted with 56 RA patients and 51 hand OA patients. Hand functions were determined with hand grip strength, finger grip strength and Duruöz Hand Index in RA patients. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Scale (RA-QoL) Short Form-36 (SF-36), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale were applied to all patients. Radiographic analysis of the hand joints was conducted with Modified Larsen and Modified Sharp scores in RA patients and the Kellegren-Lawrence score in OA patients.
Results: Hand grip strength was lower in the RA group when compared to the OA patients (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the physical function analysis of the groups (p>0.05). There were significant correlations between Duruöz Hand Index, radiological scores, and other clinical parameters in both groups.
Conclusion: Although RA could lead to serious deformation in hand joints, it was concluded that hand osteoarthritis could lead to disabilities induced by the loss of hand functions similar to RA and affect daily living activities.
Infusion cannula associated jet stream effects on vitrectomy results
Authors: Polat Nihat
Published: December 2024

Objective: To show infusion cannula associated jet stream effects on posterior pole of the retina during vitrectomy.
Materials and Methods: For this retrospective study 39 eyes of thirty nine patients were assigned to the two different groups in terms of their infusion cannula position during vitrectomy. Group 1 was consisted the patients that the cannula was placed angled to sclera consistent to the two step entering position of the trocar. Group 2 was consisted the patients that the cannula was fixated perpendicular to the sclera. Preoperative and postoperative examination datas about patients were evaulated.
Results: There were 20 patients in the group 1 and 19 patients in the group 2. There were no significant difference between the groups in terms of preoperative visual acuity (1.79±0.77 loMar for the group 1 and 1.86±0.59 logMar for the group 2, p: 0.989 ). The difference of preoperative IOPs were statistically nonsignificant between the groups (13.3±2.9 mmHg for the group 1 and 13.1±2 mmHg for the group 2, p: 0.460). The mean surgery time for the group 1 was 48±12 minutes and was 50±10 minutes for the group 2 (p: 0.460). The postoperetive visual acuity was 0.24±0.21 logMar for the group 1 and 0.53±0.28 logMar for the group 2. There was statistically signifficant difference between the groups in terms of postoperative visual acuity (p: 0.0001). The difference of postoperative IOPs were statistically nonsignificant between the groups (14.9±4.2 mmHg for the group 1 and 13.4±2.8 mmHg for the group 2, p: 0.289).
Conclusion: The present study shows infusion cannula associated jet stream may reduce postoperative visual acuity. Using new design type of inffusion cannulas or placing the infusion cannula angled manner to avoid the flow force on posterior pole should be considered for better vitrectomy results.
Conservative management of canine space infection in pediatric patient: A case report
Authors: Zarekar Mohit , Satpute apurva , Zarekar mohini
Published: December 2024

The oral cavity is situated at the intersection of numerous essential anatomical structures and the convergence of various fascial planes. Consequently, odontogenic infections can rapidly disseminate and jeopardise neurovascular integrity and airway obstruction. Timely recognition of dental caries, apical abscesses, and other mild dental infections can avert the progression of these potentially severe conditions. Space infections in children are rare but can be severe, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Thus, it may be more lethal than in the adult’s demographic. Numerous case reports indicate that space infections are often need to be addressed surgically; however, it is crucial to recognise that conservative treatment is also documented in the literature. This case report delineates the management of a canine space infection in a paediatric patient, employing a conservative approach that eliminated the necessity for complex surgical intervention and hospitalisation, particularly in children.
Antimicrobial Properties of Ginger (Zingiber officinale L) and Garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Robinson Victor
Published: December 2024

Isolates of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species have been implicated in different diseases and have continued to persist due to their ability to resist antibiotics. The antimicrobial properties of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum was investigated. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were obtained from the Microbiology department. Methanol, ethanol and aqueous were the solvents used for the extraction. The disc diffusion method was used in determining the antimicrobial activity of the extract. The zone diameter of ethanol extract of garlic on Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas was 0.0±0.0 to 19.5±0.4 and 0.0±0.0 to 30.5±0.7mm, respectively. The zone diameter of methanol extract of garlic on Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas was 0.0±0.0 to 17±0.7 and 0.0±0.0 to 32±5.7mm. The zone diameter of ethanol extract of ginger on Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas was 0.0±0.0 to 14.5±0.7 and 0.0±0.0 to 26±1.4mm, while the zone diameter of methanol extract on Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas was 0.0±0.0 to 20.5±2.1 and 0.0±0.0 to 28.5±0.7 mm, respectively. The zone diameter of fresh (aqueous) extract of ginger on Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas was 0.0±0.0 to 21±1.4 and 0.0±0.0 to 14.0±1.4mm. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was concentration dependent. High concentrations displayed better antibacterial activity than low concentrations. More so, the ethanol extract displayed better antibacterial activity than the methanol and aqueous extracts on the isolates. Ginger and garlic is recommended for use in controlling infections associated with these isolates. further studies on their mechanism of action is recommended.
Dielectric Resonator Antenna Metallic Strip Integrated for Frequency Reconfigurable Applications
Authors: qasaymeh yazeed
Published: December 2024

In this study, a frequency reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) metallic strip coupled operating in the IEEE 802.11a is presented. The resonating element is composed of a single rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) excited by three metallic strips pasted on the RDR front side. To achieve frequency reconfigurability, the RDR is excited by either one, two or three metallic strips. The exciting metallic strips are connected to a three fork microstrip network that is integrated with two PIN diodes. The frequency reconfigurability is obtained by switching from both PIN diodes are OFF state to both are ON state. The obtained -10 dB for OFF-OFF state, ON-OFF state and ON-ON state were 5.8024 GHz, 5.604 GHz and 5.58 GHz, respectively. The 30 × 25 mm2 findings makes it a good candidate for applications operating within the IEEE 802.11a band.
Detection of source code vulnerabilities using Nature language processing and deep graph network
Authors: Cong Bùi Văn , Cho Do Xuan , Tuan Do Trung
Published: December 2024

The software production sector gains advantages from automated code generating techniques, yet encounters issues related to vulnerabilities in the resulting code. This research presents a hybrid paradigm, termed GBD, for detecting vulnerabilities in software written in C and C++. It integrates Graph Convolution Network (GCN), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and Dropout. During Phase 2 of the GBD model, the subsequent tasks are executed concurrently: (i) obtaining node and edge features utilizing the GCN graph convolution network; (ii) deriving segment features employing the BERT model; (iii) constructing a source code profile via the Code Property Graph (CPG). Phase 3 of the model implements the Dropout strategy to mitigate overfitting. Phase 4 is the classifier that ascertains the presence of vulnerabilities in the source code. Experimental findings demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model relative to alternative methods, attaining a prediction accuracy of 61.21% for vulnerable code and 88.94% for normal files. Additionally, the classification outcomes demonstrate that with a token length of 512, the GBD model yields the most uniform results across all metrics: Accuracy (86.65%), Precision (38.59%), Recall (66.21%), and F1-score (48.76%). This corresponds with our analysis of the Verum experimental dataset, indicating that over 70% of the source code files have lengths exceeding 256 but less than 512. Furthermore, the GBD model exhibits strong performance across both individual and multiple datasets. For example, in the Verum dataset, the GBD model surpasses five alternative methodologies—REVEAL [1], Russell [2], VulDeePecker [3], SySeVR [4], and Devign [5] - by 4% in Accuracy and between 15% and 57% in Precision, Recall, and F1-score. In comparison to SySeVR [4], the GBD model exceeds it by 3% to 25% across all metrics. In comparison to Devign [5], GBD achieves improvements of 5% to 39% in Precision, Recall, and F1-score. Upon assessment of the FFmpeg+Qume dataset, the GBD model attains an Accuracy improvement ranging from 0.2% to 10% above all other studies. In terms of precision, GBD surpasses alternative methods by 0.3% to 9%. In terms of Recall, GBD is marginally worse than REVEAL by 1.5%, although surpasses all other methodologies by 10% to over 31%. In terms of F1-score, GBD is 0.3% inferior to REVEAL but surpasses other studies by 7% to 30%. The results indicate that the GBD model is effective on both individual and multiple datasets
A crise do capitalismo e a utopia de Paul Singer
Authors: Souza Josué de
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo, apresentamos a trajetória do economista brasileiro Paul Singer. Há também uma revisão bibliográfica de sua obra. Apresentamos a compressão do autor sobre o modelo capitalista de desenvolvimento e suas consequências para a classe trabalhadora. O objetivo do artigo vai além de apontar a vida e obra do autor, mas apontar que a compreensão desse cenário é importante não somente para entendermos as reações da classe trabalhadora a esse processo, mas também para compreendermos que a busca de saídas econômicas solidárias se torna uma agenda permanente. A obra de Paul Singer produz pistas para a construção de uma economia solidária e radicalmente democrática, que conduza a uma relação econômica e social horizontalizada. É uma ferramenta de luta anticapitalista, definida pelo autor como a abertura de brechas para o surgimento de uma nova forma de organização econômica.
Resenha bibliográfica: Relatório sobre as manufaturas, de Alexander Hamilton (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Movimento de Solidariedade Ibero-Americana, 142 P, 1995)
Authors: Castro Júlio César Amorim
Published: December 2024

A obra, Relatório sobre as Manufaturas, começa com os cumprimentos de Hamilton ao presidente da Câmara dos deputados e a dizer, de forma direta, que os Estados Unidos podem fomentar seu desenvolvimento ao acreditar em potencializar a sua manufatura.  Ele começa a falar da necessidade de empenho do Estado para se fazer, da manufatura, um setor forte em seu país. O livro é um relato sobre como os EUA podem se tornar uma país com elevado padrão de qualidade de vida, desde que invista em sua indústria e não em agricultura.
Apresentação RCE Volume 7, número 2/2023
Authors: Goularti Filho Alcides , Moraes Fábio Farias de , Ronzani Liara Darabas
Published: December 2024

Editorial
Strengthening Database Security: RBAC, Encryption, Backup, and 2FA Solutions
Authors: Matey Preeti
Published: December 2024

Securing databases in modern IT environments is critical to ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and
availability of sensitive organizational data. This paper explores a multi-layered approach to database protection
using Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), encryption, comprehensive backup strategies, disaster recovery
planning, and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Each of these components addresses specific aspects of database
security and collectively forms a robust framework to safeguard against unauthorized access, data breaches, and
system failures. Practical recommendations for implementing these strategies in on-premises and production
environments are provided, alongside discussions on emerging challenges and future trends in database security.
Keywords: Database Security, RBAC, Encryption, Backup Strategies, Disaster Recovery, 2FA, Data Protection,
Cybersecurity, Access Control, On-Premises, Production Environments.
DETECTION OF ANIMALS IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USING CNN
Authors: S Mr. Chakrapani D , V Kishan V , P S Manju , k Manjunatha , G Megharaja
Published: December 2024

The agricultural sector faces significant losses due
to animal assaults, which damage crops and property,
particularly in regions where farmed land extends into former
animal habitats. Traditional methods to prevent such damage
are often ineffective and labor-intensive, making it difficult for
farmers to monitor vast areas continuously. This problem
exacerbates human-animal conflict, affecting both human and
animal safety. To address this, we propose an automated system
that uses deep learning, specifically convolutional neural
networks (CNNs), to detect animals entering agricultural lands.
The system employs real-time surveillance through cameras
that monitor the farm throughout the day. When an animal is
detected, the system categorizes it using the YOLO algorithm
and triggers sound-based scare tactics to deter the animal
without causing harm. Additionally, geo-location data and
images are sent to farmers and forest officials to help them take
further action if needed. This approach not only reduces crop
damage but also minimizes human-animal conflicts, providing
a humane and efficient solution. By automating the monitoring
and response process, the system reduces the need for human
intervention, ensuring the safety of both crops and animals
while enhancing agricultural productivity.
Key Words : Convolutional neural network, real-time
surveillance, YOLO
Diabetes Detection Using Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors:   1Department of ECE, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology Delhi, Barak Neelam
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease
that has grown to be a major global health issue. Effective
treatment and the avoidance of serious consequences depend
on an early and precise diagnosis. A promising method for
automated and precise diabetes detection in recent years has
been machine learning (ML) approaches. The use of supervised
machine learning techniques, such as Logistic Regression,
Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbours
(KNN), and Random Forest, for diabetes detection is examined
in this study. A popular benchmark dataset in the field of
diabetes research, the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset, is used to
assess the efficacy of these algorithms. With Logistic
Regression obtaining the best accuracy, experimental results
demonstrate the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms
to predict diabetes. The study's conclusions demonstrate ML's
potential as a valuable tool for early detection and prevention
of diabetes.

Key Words: Machine learning, Diabetes detection, Support
vector machine, Logistic regression, Random forest
Introduction to the Case Industry and Identification of Critical Product
Authors: Singh Jashanpreet , Singh Dr. Harwinder
Published: December 2024

ABC case study has been carried in a leading food product manufacturing unit, located near Ludhiana, Punjab,
India using VSM, having annual turnover approximately Rs. 15 million ($0.23 million). This organization was
started in 2001 and is an ISO certified company. The company employs 400 personnel including workers,
supervisors, engineers and also top management. The most valuable product of the organization is pressure type
juicer machine. But the organization was not being able to complete the customer’s demand. Because a lot of time
being wasted in the manufacturing of pillar rod (one of the most essential parts of juicer machine). The problems
faced by the selected organization are:
• Insufficient layout of the organization.
• Unnecessary movement of material from one place to another which in turn leads to the wastage of
time as well as workforce.
• Production lead time & WIP inventory were very high.
The organization is manufacturing all types of commercial and domestic food processing products. But the most
valuable product of ABC organization is pressure type juicer machine. Pillar rod is the most essential part of juicer
machine, which was selected on the basis of excessive wastage of time in manufacturing as compared to other
parts. (1) Production lead time was very high as comparison of others and (2) In-process inventory was also high.
PRUSIAS AD HYPIUM TİYATROSUNDA BULUNAN ROMA DÖNEMİ PİŞİRME KAPLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ÖN DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Okan Emre , Aydın Safiye
Published: December 2024

Günümüzde Düzce ili, Konuralp mahallesi sınırları içinde yer alan Prusias ad Hypium, Antik Çağda Bithynia bölgesi kentlerinden biridir. Roma İmparatorluk Döneminden itibaren zenginleşmeye başlayan kentin en önemli mimari yapısı olan tiyatroda 2017-2020 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmalarında tespit edilen günlük kullanım kapları içinde ön plana çıkan pişirme kapları bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Modern yapılaşmaya maruz kalan tiyatro yapısının orijinal dolguları büyük ölçüde tahrip olmuştur. Çalışma kapsamına alınan 42 parça pişirme kabı da bu nedenle bölge ve yakın coğrafyadan bilinen paralel örnekler ışığında tarihlendirilmektedir. Tipolojik ve kronolojik bakımdan incelenen pişirme kapları ağırlıklı olarak Roma Dönemine tarihlenmektedir. Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde az sayıda yürütülen kazı çalışmalarından biri olan Prusias ad Hypium kentinden ele geçen söz konusu seramiklerin tanıtılması ve değerlendirilmesiyle; konuyla ilgili ilk bilimsel verilerin paylaşılması ve Karadeniz bölgesi arkeolojisine katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.
The Influence of Government Expenditure and Regional Economic Growth on The Human Development Index in Districts and Cities In Jambi Province 2019-2021
Authors: Antoni Syafrul
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze how much influence regional government spending and economic growth have on the human development index in districts and cities in Jambi Province. The data used is Time Series data for the 2019-2021 period. This research was conducted using quantitative methods using panel data regression analysis. The data came studied from 11 regional governments (districts and cities) located in Jambi Province over a period of 3 years (2019-2021). This data was obtained from the district and city Central Statistics Agency and from several related agencies. The data was then analyzed using the multiple regression method. Data calculations in this research used the SPSS program. The research results show that the regional government expenditure variable (X1) does not have a positive and significant effect on the human development index in districts and cities in Jambi province. Meanwhile, the economic growth variable (X2) also does not have a positive effect on the district and city human development index in Jambi province.
The Role of Brand Benefits in Financial Quality, Based on Responsiveness and Guarantee, and Its Implications for Customer Loyalty
Authors: Megawati Imelda
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of brand benefits on a firm's financial performance. The primary emphasis is on two critical aspects of brand advantages: responsiveness and assurance. The present study additionally investigates the influence of financial quality on customer loyalty.
The research methodology employed in this study entailed acquiring data from a diverse pool of respondents who served as customers for different brands within the relevant industry—the process of data collecting involved the administration of questionnaires and the execution of organized interviews. The study employed statistical research to examine the correlation between brand benefits, financial quality, and consumer loyalty.
The empirical evidence suggests that the level of responsiveness and assurance exhibited by a brand has a notable influence on a firm's financial performance. Moreover, a positive correlation exists between enhanced financial quality and increased levels of consumer loyalty.
The conclusions of this study suggest that firms should recognize the significance of brand responsiveness and assurance in enhancing their financial performance. This further emphasizes the significance of upholding and improving financial excellence to bolster client loyalty. The present study provides a valuable contribution to comprehending the interplay among brand benefits, financial quality, and consumer loyalty within the contemporary industry landscape.
The Roles of Price on Rebates and Implication to Customer Product Choice
Authors: Komara Anton Tirta
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive comprehension of the various factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions is crucial for success in the highly competitive business environment. The findings of this study examine the significant role that price and discounts (rebates) play in consumer decision-making. The study's findings emphasize the considerable influence of price on consumers' decision-making regarding product selection. Consumers tend to seek out more affordable alternative options when there is an increase in the price of a product. Nevertheless, in the event of a compelling discount, consumers tend to transition and opt for the alternative product swiftly.
Furthermore, this study demonstrates that individuals' financial capabilities impact their decision-making process when it comes to selecting products. Consumers exhibiting elevated financial capacities are inclined to prioritize personal preferences when making product selections rather than solely focusing on price considerations. This observation indicates that individuals with greater purchasing power are afforded a more comprehensive range of options when selecting products.
However, it is imperative to exercise caution as price similarity assumes a significant role in consumers' decision-making process. Consumers tend to favor products that align with the price they have paid. Nevertheless, the analysis findings suggest the necessity for additional research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this correlation.
In addition, the discounts provided by companies also impact consumers' perceptions of prices and their financial capacities. Discounts can significantly impact consumers' perceptions of product prices, enabling them to select items previously perceived as unaffordable.
This study offers significant insights into the impact of price, discounts, and financial capabilities on consumer purchasing preferences. The findings of this study establish a robust basis for corporations to develop enhanced marketing strategies, considering the significant influence these variables exert on consumer decision-making processes. Enhanced comprehension of consumer behavior enables companies to attain heightened levels of success within a fiercely competitive market.
The Effect of Communication and Physical Work Environment on Employee Performance
Authors: Lathifan Harnum , Suherman Asep Rochyadi
Published: December 2024

The workplace environment significantly influences employee performance. Employee productivity is directly impacted by the work environment, which enhances performance. As a fundamental human activity, communication plays a crucial part in social relationships; as a result, its impact on the workplace is crucial. Employee performance is more productive when there is more built-in communication between departments.
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of communication and the physical work environment on employee performance within car and machinery manufacturing enterprises located in Bandung. The present investigation employed a nonprobability sampling technique. The utilization of sample acquisition methodology becomes crucial when the population size is constrained or when the research objective is to achieve the highest level of generalizability. Censuses are another name for saturated sampling, in which the entire population—61 people in this case—serves as a sample. Descriptive and verifiable research methodology is used. Utilized data collection methods include observation, questionnaire distribution, and interviewing. Multiple linear regression, multiple correlations, F-test, T-test, coefficient of determination, partial determination coefficient, and hypothesis testing are the data analysis techniques used.
According to the research findings, a vehicle and machinery sector firm in Bandung can have good communication, a physical work environment, and staff performance. Employee performance is strongly influenced by communication and the physical work environment, with the remaining influences coming from elements that were not studied.
The Effect of Money Supply and Bank Indonesia Rate on Consumer Price Index in Indonesia 2018-2022
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Apriliana Tria , Fathonah Andina Nur
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the money supply and Bank Indonesia interest rates on the consumer price index in Indonesia for the period 2018 - 2022. The discussion of this research is related to the money supply, Bank Indonesia interest rates, and the consumer price index (CPI). In this regard, the approach taken is theories related to that field. This research was conducted in Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative research. The data used in this research is time series secondary data in the form of publications on the money supply, Bank Indonesia interest rates, and consumer price index from January 2018 to December 2022 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and Bank Indonesia. The research method used in this research is the explanatory method. The data analysis techniques in this research are descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that both partially and simultaneously, there is an influence of the money supply and Bank Indonesia interest rates on the consumer price index.
Characteristics of the basic properties of biochar obtained from different types of vegetable raw materials
Authors: Nesterova Olga , Brikmans Anastasia , Bovsun Maria , Semal Viktoriia
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a comparative analysis of biochar obtained from vegetable raw materials of various origins. It was found that the biochar from marine macrophytes and leaves and stems of tomato and cucumber, siderates are sufficiently enriched with available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The lowest content of all the studied elements is in the bio-carbon made of paper. As a rule, to improve the physical properties of soils, it is possible to use any of the studied samples of biochar but taking into account the pH values of the biochar and the soil itself. Biochar from marine macrophytes is well suited for use on acidic soils to improve acid-base soils. For the use of the biochar obtained as an organic fertilizer, additional research is needed, including vegetation experiments.