bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐emptive treatment of heart failure exacerbations in patients managed with the HeartLogic™ algorithm
Authors: Garcia Rodrigue , Gras Daniel , Mansourati Jacques , Defaye Pascal , Bisson Arnaud , Boveda Serge , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Gras Matthieu , Gueffet Jean‐Pierre , Himbert Caroline , Jacon Peggy , Khattar Pierre , Lequeux Benoit , Li Anthony , Mansourati Vincent , Minois Damien , Marijon Eloi , Pierre Bertrand , Probst Vincent , Degand Bruno ,   the HeartLogic™ France Cohort Study Investigators
Published: January 2024

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease affecting 64 million people worldwide and places a severe burden on society because of its mortality, numerous re‐hospitalizations and associated costs. HeartLogic™ is an algorithm programmed into implanted devices incorporating several biometric parameters which aims to predict HF episodes. It provides an index which can be monitored remotely, allowing pre‐emptive treatment of congestion to prevent acute decompensation. We aim to assess the impact and security of pre‐emptive HF management, guided by the HeartLogic™ index.

Methods and results

The HeartLogic™ France Cohort Study is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, multi‐centre, non‐randomized study. Three hundred ten patients with a history of HF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%; or at least one episode of clinical HF with elevated NT‐proBNP ≥450 ng/L) and implanted with a cardioverter defibrillator enabling HeartLogic™ index calculation will be included across 10 French centres. The HeartLogic™ index will be monitored remotely for 12 months and in the event of a HeartLogic™ index ≥16, the local investigator will contact the patient for assessment and adjust HF treatment as necessary. The primary endpoint is unscheduled hospitalization for HF. Secondary endpoints are all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death, HF‐related death, unscheduled hospitalizations for ventricular or atrial arrhythmia and HeartLogic™ index evolution over time. Blood samples will be collected for biobanking, and quality of life will be assessed. Finally, the safety of a HeartLogic™‐triggered strategy for initiating or increasing diuretic therapy will be assessed. A blind and independent committee will adjudicate the events.

Conclusions

The HeartLogic™ France Cohort Study will provide robust real‐world data in a cohort of HF patients managed with the HeartLogic™ algorithm allowing pre‐emptive treatment of heart failure exacerbations.
Total Synthesis of a Pancratistatin/Shikimic Acid Hybrid Analogue
Authors: Azubuike Darlington , Di Iulio Gemma A. , Caggiano Lorenzo
Published: January 2024

Pancratistatin and structurally related narciclasine are natural products of great interest as they display potent and selective activities against various diseases. A concise synthesis of a functionalised pancratistatin framework, via a Heck reaction and subsequent cyclisation, is reported. The unfunctionalised model core of pancratistatin was synthesised from 1‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylic acid in two steps in 50 % yield. A modified route was then successfully applied to (−)‐shikimic acid to afford a novel pancratistatin/shikimic acid hybrid analogue that possesses three stereo‐defined hydroxyl groups in the C‐ring.
Feasibility study of the high‐temperature organic Rankine cycle in combined heat and power state from energy, exergy, and economic point of view
Authors: Ehyaei Mehdi Ali , Heberle Florian , Brüggemann Dieter
Published: January 2024

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has received a lot of attention in recent years due to its wide application in energy recovery and the use of low‐temperature energy sources. In this article, the energy, exergy, and economic analyses of a high‐temperature ORC (HTORC) in combined heat and power production mode have been performed. In this system, the heating water at 90°C for domestic or industrial purposes is provided in the HTORC condenser. Two working fluids, hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) and siloxane mixture (MDM), have been evaluated and compared in HTORC. The system has been modeled in engineering equation solver software and key parameters such as energy efficiency and exergy of the system, output power, heat‐to‐power ratio, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) have been calculated. The energy and exergy efficiency of the system for the two working fluids MM and MDM are equal to 40.8%, 45.6%, 22.45%, and 19.3%, respectively. From the point of view of energy and exergy, the working fluid MM performs better. The LCOE of the system with MM working fluid is equal to 0.5946 US$/kWh, which is slightly higher than MDM working fluid (0.5702 US$/kWh).
Using additional roughness to characterize erosion control treatment effectiveness in roadside ditch lines
Authors: Alvis Amanda D. , Luce Charles H. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Black Thomas , Dieu Julie , Black Jenelle
Published: January 2024

Forest roadside ditch lines capture and redirect road runoff and typically have erosion control treatments installed therein. Existing methods used to determine the effectiveness of roadside ditch line erosion control treatments estimate fixed fractional reductions in sediment yield. However, fixed fractional reductions do not describe dependence on any measurable physical property of treatment, climate, and the environment. Here, we use additional flow roughness induced by erosion control treatments as a metric that can be used as the basis of estimating treatment effectiveness in varying contexts. We investigate its utility in small‐scale field experiments in western Washington. We measured the physical characteristics of each ditch (e.g., shape, soil texture, and slope) and flow velocities and sediment concentrations for each treatment under multiple experimental discharges. We then used the concept of shear stress partitioning to relate sediment yield from the ditch line erosion treatments to grain shear stress, which is a function of flow roughness (Manning's n) of the respective treatment. We found that (1) a given erosion control treatment produced consistent Manning's n values across multiple replications and sites, with a bare ditch (no treatment) yielding the lowest roughness (n = 0.05) and a densely wattled ditch yielding the highest roughness (n = 0.75); (2) sediment load and calculated grain shear stress data yielded a single positive relationship when data from each experiment were combined, which suggests the effect of additional roughness on grain shear stress is a main driver in the reduction of ditch line sediment load; and (3) in our dataset, fractional erosion reduction had a variable and nonlinear sensitivity to low flow rates (99% of observed flows) for lower roughnesses. Our results demonstrate how additional flow roughness can be used as a general metric to help evaluate the effectiveness of ditch line erosion control treatments for a variety of physical conditions.
Advancing work–life supportive contexts for the “haves” and “have nots”: Integrating supervisor training with work–life flexibility to impact exhaustion or engagement
Authors: Kossek Ellen Ernst , Porter Caitlin M. , Rosokha Lindsay Mechem , Wilson Kelly Schwind , Rupp Deborah E. , Law‐Penrose Jared
Published: January 2024

Employers face many dilemmas in effectively implementing work–life flexibility to support employees' personal lives. A key issue is that some employees hold jobs with limited opportunities for work–life flexibility, making them susceptible to burnout; yet most employers believe they can do little to mitigate this dynamic. Furthermore, even when employees hold jobs with greater access to work–life flexibility, some do not take advantage of their flexibility to more fully engage in work and/or home roles. These issues are further exacerbated when supervisors are unsure of their role in supporting work–life flexibility. We identify work–life supportive context as a key factor that provides solutions to these dilemmas. Drawing on job demands resources theory, we posit that, when organizations provide work–life supportive training to supervisors, it promotes a work–life supportive context (i.e., signaling that the organization is supportive of employees' managing their work–life interface), which mitigates burnout for those with limited work–life flexibility and promotes engagement in work and home roles for those with greater work–life flexibility. Results from a year‐long randomized field experiment suggest that, in contexts with trained supervisors and lower employee control over work schedules and boundaries (i.e., lower work–life flexibility), emotional exhaustion is reduced. In contexts with trained supervisors and higher employee control over work boundaries (i.e., higher work–life flexibility), family engagement increases. Surprisingly, irrespective of job access to work‐life flexibility, supervisor participation in work–life support training did not enhance employee work engagement. Implications of our findings for fostering work–life supportive contexts are considered.
It takes one to know one—Machine learning for identifying OBGYN abstracts written by ChatGPT
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Meyer Raanan , Guigue Paul‐Adrien , Brezinov Yoav
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To use machine learning to optimize the detection of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT) ‐written abstracts of all OBGYN journals.

Methods

We used Web of Science to identify all original articles published in all OBGYN journals in 2022. Seventy‐five original articles were randomly selected. For each, we prompted ChatGPT to write an abstract based on the title and results of the original abstracts. Each abstract was tested by Grammarly software and reports were inserted into a database. Machine‐learning modes were trained and examined on the database created.

Results

Overall, 75 abstracts from 12 different OBGYN journals were randomly selected. There were seven (58%) Q1 journals, one (8%) Q2 journal, two (17%) Q3 journals, and two (17%) Q4 journals. Use of mixed dialects of English, absence of comma‐misuse, absence of incorrect verb forms, and improper formatting were important prediction variables of ChatGPT‐written abstracts. The deep‐learning model had the highest predictive performance of all examined models. This model achieved the following performance: accuracy 0.90, precision 0.92, recall 0.85, area under the curve 0.95.

Conclusions

Machine‐learning‐based tools reach high accuracy in identifying ChatGPT‐written OBGYN abstracts.
Identification of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, vidofludimus, as a potent and novel inhibitor for influenza virus
Authors: Li Jiazhou , Takeda Midori , Imahatakenaka Mikiko , Ikeda Masanori
Published: January 2024

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes respiratory disease. Recently, infection of IAV H5N1 among mammals are reported in farmed mink. Therefore, to discover antivirals against IAV, we screened a compound library by using the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) assay system derived from H5N1 IAV including a drug‐resistant PA mutant (I38T) and a viral polymerase activity enhancing PB2 mutant (T271A). Upon screening, we found vidofludimus can be served as a potential inhibitor for IAV. Vidofludimus an orally active inhibitor for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme for the cellular de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. We found that vidofludimus exerted antiviral activity against wild‐type and drug‐resistant mutant IAV, with effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.10 and 2.11 μM, respectively. The anti‐IAV activity of vidofludimus was canceled by the treatment of uridine or cytidine through pyrimidine salvage synthesis pathway, or orotic acid through pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathway. This indicated that the main target of vidofludimus is DHODH in IAV RdRp expressing cells. We also produced recombinant seasonal IAV H1N1 virion and influenza B virus (IBV) RdRp assay system and confirmed vidofludimus also carried highly antiviral activity against seasonal IAV and IBV. Vidofludimus is a candidate drug for the future threat of IAV H5N1 infection among humans as well as seasonal influenza virus infection.
Vertical mother‐to‐infant transmission of herpes simplex virus 2 is correlated with tropism due to mutations in viral UL13
Authors: Shiraki Kimiyasu , Daikoku Tohru , Prichard Mark N. , Matsuo Koma , Okuda Tomoko , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Takemoto Masaya , Takeuchi Kenji , Sada Kiyonao , Whitley Richard , Kawana Takashi
Published: January 2024

Although neonates are commonly exposed to vaginal herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐2, neonatal herpes is rare. Therefore, we analyzed paired infant and maternal HSV‐2 isolates from two cases of mother‐to‐infant transmission to identify viral factors contributing to vertical transmission. Sixteen infant isolates with neonatal herpes and 27 genital isolates in their third trimester were included. The infant isolates were significantly more temperature‐independent than the maternal isolates. Sequence comparison revealed viral UL13 protein kinase (UL13‐PK) mutation in the infant isolates in both cases. In the expanded cohort, infant isolates (5/18) had significantly more UL13‐PK mutations than genital isolates (1/29). Isolates within 8 days post‐birth (3/4) had a significantly higher frequency of UL13‐PK mutation than those after 9 days (2/14), suggesting a close association between UL13‐PK mutations and vertical transmission. Elongation factor 1‐delta was identified as a target of UL13‐PK by proteomic analysis of UL13‐PK‐positive and ‐negative HepG2 cells. The mixed infant isolates with the intact and mutated UL13‐PK conferred altered cell tropism, temperature independence adapting to fetal temperature, and better growth properties in Vero and hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells than in HSV‐2 with intact and mutated UL13‐PK alone, indicating that viral UL13‐PK mutation is essential for vertical HSV‐2 transmission.
Management of Impulse Control and Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: An Expert Consensus
Authors: Debove Ines , Paschen Steffen , Amstutz Deborah , Cardoso Francisco , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Fung Victor S.C. , Lang Anthony E. , Martinez Martin Pablo , Rodríguez‐Oroz María C. , Weintraub Daniel , Krack Paul , Deuschl Günther ,   and the Members of the ICBD in PD Management Consensus Group
Published: January 2024

Background

Impulse‐control and related behavioral disorders (ICBDs) significantly impact the lives of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and caregivers, with lasting consequences if undiagnosed and untreated. While ICBD pathophysiology and risk factors are well‐studied, a standardized severity definition and treatment evidence remain elusive.

Objective

This work aimed to establish international expert consensus on ICBD treatment strategies. To comprehensively address diverse treatment availabilities, experts from various continents were included.

Methods

From 2021 to 2023, global movement disorders specialists engaged in a Delphi process. A core expert group initiated surveys, involving a larger panel in three iterations, leading to refined severity definitions and treatment pathways.

Results

Experts achieved consensus on defining ICBD severity, emphasizing regular PD patient screenings for early detection. General treatment recommendations focused on continuous monitoring, collaboration with significant others, and seeking specialist advice for legal or financial challenges. For mild to severe ICBDs, gradual reduction in dopamine agonists was endorsed, followed by reductions in other PD medications. Second‐line treatment strategies included diverse approaches like reversing the last medication change, cognitive behavior therapy, subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, and specific medications like quetiapine, clozapine, and antidepressants. The panel reached consensus on distinct treatment pathways for punding and dopamine dysregulation syndrome, formulating therapy recommendations. Comprehensive discussions addressed management strategies for the exacerbation of either motor or non‐motor symptoms following the proposed treatments.

Conclusion

The consensus offers in‐depth insights into ICBD management, presenting clear severity criteria and expert consensus treatment recommendations. The study highlights the critical need for further research to enhance ICBD management. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Genetic and functional variants of the TBX20 gene promoter in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gao Xue , Pang Shuchao , Ding Liangcai , Yan Han , Cui Yinghua , Yan Bo
Published: January 2024

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. As DCM is a genetically heterogeneous disease, genetic variants of cardiac transcription factor genes may play an important role. Transcription factor TBX20, an indispensable factor in normal heart development, is involved in the regulation of cardiac structure and function. Although the TBX20 gene is associated with the occurrence and development of DCM, the influence of genetic variants of the TBX20 gene promoter region on DCM has not been reported.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study consisting of 107 DCM patients and 210 healthy controls. Genetic variants within TBX20 gene promoter region were identified using sequencing techniques and were functionally analyzed by dual‐luciferase reporting assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to investigate DNA‐protein interactions.

Results

In this study cohort (n = 317), we identified eight variants within TBX20 gene promoter. One novel DNA sequence variants (DSV) (g.4275G>T) and four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [g.4169G>A (rs1263874255), g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877), g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] were identified in DCM patients, but in none of controls. Among them, the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] significantly altered the transcription activity of TBX20 gene promoter by dual‐luciferase reporting assay (p < 0.05). Further, EMSA assay indicated that the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] affected the binding of transcription factors.

Conclusions

These data indicate that the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] increase transcription activity of TBX20 gene promoter in both HEK‐293 and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. But the mechanism remains to be verified in vivo.
Long noncoding RNAs in human reproductive processes and diseases
Authors: Zhang Le , Sun Hailong , Chen Xiujuan
Published: January 2024

Infertility has become a global disease burden. Although assisted reproductive technologies are widely used, the assisted reproduction birth rate is no more than 30% worldwide. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of reproduction can provide new strategies to improve live birth rates and clinical outcomes of enhanced implantation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to exert regulatory roles in various biological processes and diseases in many species. In this review, we especially focus on the role of lncRNAs in human reproduction. We summarize the function and mechanisms of lncRNAs in processes vital to reproduction, such as spermatogenesis and maturation, sperm motility and morphology, follicle development and maturation, embryo development and implantation. Then, we highlight the importance and diverse potential of lncRNAs as good diagnostic molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for infertility treatment.
A partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition signature for highly aggressive colorectal cancer cells that survive under nutrient restriction
Authors: Pastorino Gil A , Sheraj Ilir , Huebner Kerstin , Ferrero Giulio , Kunze Philipp , Hartmann Arndt , Hampel Chuanpit , Husnugil Hepsen Hazal , Maiuthed Arnatchai , Gebhart Florian , Schlattmann Fynn , Gulec Taskiran Aliye Ezgi , Oral Goksu , Palmisano Ralph , Pardini Barbara , Naccarati Alessio , Erlenbach‐Wuensch Katharina , Banerjee Sreeparna , Schneider‐Stock Regine
Published: January 2024

Partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (p‐EMT) has recently been identified as a hybrid state consisting of cells with both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics and is associated with the migration, metastasis, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we describe the induction of p‐EMT in starved colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and identify a p‐EMT gene signature that can predict prognosis. Functional characterisation of starvation‐induced p‐EMT in HCT116, DLD1, and HT29 cells showed changes in proliferation, morphology, and drug sensitivity, supported by in vivo studies using the chorioallantoic membrane model. An EMT‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array was used to screen for deregulated genes, leading to the establishment of an in silico gene signature that was correlated with poor disease‐free survival in CRC patients along with the CRC consensus molecular subtype CMS4. Among the significantly deregulated p‐EMT genes, a triple‐gene signature consisting of SERPINE1, SOX10, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was identified. Starvation‐induced p‐EMT was characterised by increased migratory potential and chemoresistance, as well as E‐cadherin processing and internalisation. Both gene signature and E‐cadherin alterations could be reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. Spatially resolving EGFR expression with high‐resolution immunofluorescence imaging identified a proliferation stop in starved CRC cells caused by EGFR internalisation. In conclusion, we have gained insight into a previously undiscovered EMT mechanism that may become relevant when tumour cells are under nutrient stress, as seen in early stages of metastasis. Targeting this process of tumour cell dissemination might help to prevent EMT and overcome drug resistance. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Effect of silane coupling grafted polyethylene terephthalate foam and areca fruit fiber reinforced chitin modified vinyl ester prosthetic composite on thermal and water accelerated aging conditions
Authors: Khan Mohammad K. A. , Faisal M. , Arun Prakash V. R.
Published: January 2024

The primary aim of this research work was to develop a lightweight vinyl ester based prosthetic composite with silane treated Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam and areca fiber and how the silane surface treatment process influence the laminar adhesion against to accelerated aging conditions. Both the foam (3 mm) and fiber is silane‐treated via aqueous solution method and the composites were subjected to accelerate aging via temperature (40 and 50°C) as well as sea and rain water. The developed composites were evaluated based on American society of testing of materials (ASTM) standards and the results revealed a consistent stability in tensile strength for post‐silane treated composites on both aging conditions. Particularly, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test emphasized that the silane treated reinforcements has high resistance against delamination. Similarly, flammability test demonstrated sustained fire‐resistant properties in both horizontal and vertical orientations, with negligible variations in flame propagation speed. Thermal conductivity test revealed the intricate interplay of PET core and areca fiber on heat transfer. Thus, from results it is evident that the silane surface treatment helped to maintain the laminates adhere with matrix in spite of the accelerated aging conditions such as prolonged heat exposition as well as water immersion. These findings contribute valuable insights into the load bearing performance of the lightweight composite materials in human prosthetic applications where prolonged heat and water aging happened frequently.

Highlights

Lightweight polymer foam‐areca fiber prosthetic composites prepared and tested for accelerated weather conditions

PET foam and areca fiber is silane surface treated using amino‐silane

Treated foam and fiber maintained mechanical properties under aged condition

Treated foam and fiber maintained flammability properties under aged condition

Silane treated foam and fiber maintained good thermal conductivity under aged condition
Detailed Morphology and Electron Transport in Reduced Graphene Oxide Filled Polymer Composites with a Segregated Structure
Authors: Kuznetsov Vitalii A. , Gudkov Maksim V. , Ermakov Vladimir A. , Shiyanova Kseniya A. , Shestopalova Lidiya V. , Fedorov Andrey A. , Gerasimov Evgeny Yu. , Suprun Evgenii A.
Published: January 2024

Polymer composites of a segregated network structure are dielectric polymer granules coated with electrically conductive nanoparticles at a low content, the quantity of the junctions between the granules determines the composites' mechanical properties, and the percolation network formed by the nanoparticles determines the electrical conductivity. Here, the morphology and electron‐transport properties in reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐filled composites with a segregated structure based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(vinylidene ﬂuoride‐co‐tetraﬂuoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TFE)), and ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are studied. Optical and electron microscopies study of the microtome‐formed cross sections have shown the morphology to be dependent on the polymer—the thinnest rGO layers are in UHMWPE‐based composites, the thicker rGO layers are in PVC‐ and P(VDF‐TFE)‐based ones. The electrical conduction of the composites and the rGO‐paper occurs through the same hopping conduction mechanisms within the wide temperature range, which allows to use the composites in applications where pure rGO is considered. Owing to thicker rGO layers open to the environment, PVC‐ and P(VDF‐TFE)‐based composites are more attractive, rather than the UHMWPE ones, in applications where layered materials are needed, for example, in lithium‐ion batteries or supercapacitors. The UHMWPE‐based composites look more promising as electrically conductive materials when mechanical strength is important.
Iodine and DMSO as Surrogate of Hazardous Metal and Non‐Metal Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Reetu Reetu , Kalita Sangita , Dash Sonali , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: January 2024

Organic synthesis involves the production of important chemical structures using scalable and cost‐effective methods that are also environmentally friendly. In this review, a detailed analysis of the use of iodine and DMSO in various synthetic routes for the preparation of valuable targets are presented. These methods reduce the acceptance on expensive additives and reagents, and offer a more sustainable solution for the synthesis of these important chemical scaffolds.
Analysis of SQL injection attacks in the cloud and in WEB applications
Authors: Kumar Animesh , Dutta Sandip , Pranav Prashant
Published: January 2024

Cloud computing has revolutionized the way IT industries work. Most modern‐day companies rely on cloud services to accomplish their day‐to‐day tasks. From hosting websites to developing platforms and storing resources, cloud computing has tremendous use in the modern information technology industry. Although an emerging technique, it has many security challenges. In structured query language injection attacks, the attacker modifies some parts of the user query to still sensitive user information. This type of attack is challenging to detect and prevent. In this article, we have reviewed 65 research articles that address the issue of its prevention and detection in cloud and Traditional Networks, of which 11 research articles are related to general cloud attacks, and the rest of the 54 research articles are specifically on web security. Our result shows that Random Forest has an accuracy of 99.8% and a Precision rate of 99.9%, and the worst‐performing model is Multi‐Layer Perceptron (MLP) in the SQLIA Model. For recall value, Random Forest performs best while TensorFlow Linear Classifier performs worst. F1 score is best in Random Forest, while MLP is the most diminutive performer.
Transforming Auxetic Metamaterials into Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: McHale Glen , Alderson Andrew , Armstrong Steven , Mandhani Shruti , Meyari Mahya , Wells Gary G. , Carter Emma , Ledesma‐Aguilar Rodrigo , Semprebon Ciro , Evans Kenneth E.
Published: January 2024

Superhydrophobic materials are often inspired by nature, whereas metamaterials are engineered to have properties not usually occurring naturally. In both, the key to their unique properties is structure. Here, it is shown that a negative Poisson's ratio (auxetic) mechanical metamaterial can transform into a unique superhydrophobic material. When stretched, its surface has the counterintuitive property that it also expands in the orthogonal lateral direction. The change in the solid surface fraction as strain is applied is modeled, and it is shown that it decreases as the space between solid elements of the auxetic lattice expands. This results in a unique dependence of the superhydrophobicity on strain. Experimental models are constructed to illustrate the relationship between different states of strain and superhydrophobicity as the lattice transitions from an auxetic to a conventional structure. The findings offer a new approach to designing superhydrophobic materials for self‐cleaning surfaces, droplet transportation, droplet encapsulation, and oil–water separation.
Genome‐wide development of intra‐ and inter‐specific transferable SSR markers and construction of a dynamic web resource for yam molecular breeding: Y2MD
Authors: Diouf Moussa , Zoclanclounon Yedomon Ange Bovys , Mboup Pape Adama , Diouf Diaga , Malédon Erick , Rivallan Ronan , Chair Hâna , Dossa Komivi
Published: January 2024

Microsatellite markers are widely used in population genetics and breeding. Despite the economic significance of yams in developing countries, there is a paucity of microsatellite markers, and as of now, no comprehensive microsatellite marker database exists. In this study, we conducted genome‐wide microsatellite marker development across four yam species, identified cross‐species transferable markers, and designed an easy‐to‐use web portal for the yam researchers. The screening of Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea rotundata, Dioscorea dumetorum, and Dioscorea zingiberensis genomes resulted in 318,713, 322,501, 307,040, and 253,856 microsatellites, respectively. Mono‐, di‐, and tri‐nucleotides were the most important types of repeats in the different species, and a total of 864,128 primer pairs were designed. Furthermore, we identified 1170 cross‐species transferable microsatellite markers. Among them, 17 out of 18 randomly selected were experimentally validated with good discriminatory power, regardless of the species and ploidy levels. Ultimately, we created and deployed a dynamic Yam Microsatellite Markers Database (Y2MD) available at https://y2md.ucad.sn/. Y2MD is embedded with various useful tools such as JBrowse, Blast, insilicoPCR, and SSR Finder to facilitate the exploitation of microsatellite markers in yams. This study represents the first comprehensive microsatellite marker mining across several yam species and will contribute to advancing yam genetic research and marker‐assisted breeding. The released user‐friendly database constitutes a valuable platform for yam researchers.
Incidence, characteristics, and predictive factors of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer
Authors: Baile‐Maxía Sandra , Mangas‐Sanjuan Carolina , Sala‐Miquel Noelia , Barquero Claudia , Belda Germán , García‐del‐Castillo Gloria , García‐Herola Antonio , Penalva Juan Carlos , Picó María‐Dolores , Poveda María‐José , de‐Vera Félix , Zapater Pedro , Jover Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Background

Post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed after a colonoscopy in which no cancer is found.

Objective

As PCCRC has become an important quality indicator, we determined its rates, characteristics, and index colonoscopy‐related predictive factors.

Methods

We carried out a multicenter, observational, retrospective study between 2015 and 2018. Rates were calculated for PCCRC developing up to 10 years after colonoscopy. PCCRC was categorized according to the most plausible explanation using World Endoscopy Organization methodology. Our PCCRC population was compared to a control cohort without CRC matched 1:4 by sex, age, index colonoscopy date, indication, endoscopist, and hospital.

Results

One hundred seven PCCRC and 2508 detected CRC were diagnosed among 101,524 colonoscopy (0.1%), leading to rates of 0.4%, 2.2%, 3.1%, and 4.1% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. PCCRC was in right (42.4%), left (41.4%), and transverse (16.4%) colon with 31.5% at stage I, 24.7% stage II, 32.6% stage III, and 11.2% stage IV. Twenty point three percent were classified as incomplete resection, 5.4% as unresected lesions, 48.6% as missed lesions with adequate colonoscopy, and 25.7% as missed lesions with inadequate colonoscopy. The median time from colonoscopy to PCCRC was 42 months. Previous inadequate preparation (OR 3.05, 95%CI 1.73–5.36) and piecemeal polypectomy (OR 19.89, 95%CI 8.67–45.61) were independently associated with PCCRC.

Conclusions

In our population, 4.1% of CRC cases were PCCRC. Most of these lesions were in right colon and attributable to lesions not visualized despite adequate bowel cleansing. Previous inadequate cleansing and piecemeal polypectomy were associated with PCCRC.
Aiming for tops of ALPs with a muon collider
Authors: Chigusa So , Girmohanta Sudhakantha , Nakai Yuichiro , Zhang Yufei
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Future muon colliders with center-of-mass energy of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1 − 10) TeV can provide a clean high-energy environment with advantages in searches for TeV-scale axion-like particles (ALPs), pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneously broken global symmetries, which are widely predicted in physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). We exploit ALP couplings to SM fermions, and guided by unitarity constraints, build a search strategy focusing on the ALP decay to top quark pairs at muon colliders. It is found that a large parameter space of TeV-scale ALPs with TeV-scale decay constants can be probed by utilizing the ALP-top quark coupling.
Global analysis of the ALP effective theory
Authors: Bruggisser Sebastian , Grabitz Lara , Westhoff Susanne
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We perform a global fit of the effective Lagrangian for axion-like particles (ALPs) to data. By combining LHC observables from top physics, dijet and di-boson production with electroweak precision observables, we resolve the full parameter space of ALPs with flavor-universal couplings. Using the renormalization group to evolve the effective ALP couplings to low energies allows us to investigate the impact of flavor observables on the global analysis. We show that resonance searches in B → K meson decays significantly enhance the sensitivity to ALPs with sub-GeV masses. The lifetime of the ALP plays a crucial role in resolving the multi-dimensional parameter space with searches for prompt, displaced and invisible ALP decays. Our analysis points out the differences in probing an effective theory with new light particles, compared to scenarios with only non-resonant effects of heavy particles at low energies, as in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory.
The O(N) monolith reloaded: sum rules and Form Factor Bootstrap
Authors: Córdova Lucía , Correia Miguel , Georgoudis Alessandro , Vuignier Antoine
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We revisit the space of gapped quantum field theories with a global O(N) symmetry in two spacetime dimensions. Previous works using S-matrix bootstrap revealed a rich space in which integrable theories such as the non-linear sigma model appear at special points on the boundary, along with an abundance of unknown models hinting at a non conventional UV behaviour. We extend the S-matrix set-up by including into the bootstrap form factors and spectral functions for the stress-energy tensor and conserved O(N) currents. Sum rules allow us to put bounds on the central charges of the conformal field theory (CFT) in the UV. We find that a big portion of the boundary can only flow from CFTs with infinite central charges. We track this result down to a particular behaviour of the amplitudes in physical kinematics and discuss its physical implications.
Operator dynamics in Lindbladian SYK: a Krylov complexity perspective
Authors: Bhattacharjee Budhaditya , Nandy Pratik , Pathak Tanay
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We use Krylov complexity to study operator growth in the q-body dissipative Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, where the dissipation is modeled by linear and random p-body Lindblad operators. In the large q limit, we analytically establish the linear growth of two sets of coefficients for any generic jump operators. We numerically verify this by implementing the bi-Lanczos algorithm, which transforms the Lindbladian into a pure tridiagonal form. We find that the Krylov complexity saturates inversely with the dissipation strength, while the dissipative timescale grows logarithmically. This is akin to the behavior of other 𝔮-complexity measures, namely out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) and operator size, which we also demonstrate. We connect these observations to continuous quantum measurement processes. We further investigate the pole structure of a generic auto-correlation and the high-frequency behavior of the spectral function in the presence of dissipation, thereby revealing a general principle for operator growth in dissipative quantum chaotic systems.
Equivariant volume extremization and holography
Authors: Colombo Edoardo , Faedo Federico , Martelli Dario , Zaffaroni Alberto
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In a previous paper two of us (D.M. and A.Z.) proposed that a vast class of gravitational extremization problems in holography can be formulated in terms of the equivariant volume of the internal geometry, or of the cone over it. We substantiate this claim by analysing supergravity solutions corresponding to branes partially or totally wrapped on a four-dimensional orbifold, both in M-theory as well as in type II supergravities. We show that our approach recovers the relevant gravitational central charges/free energies of several known supergravity solutions and can be used to compute these also for solutions that are not known explicitly. Moreover, we demonstrate the validity of previously conjectured gravitational block formulas for M5 and D4 branes. In the case of M5 branes we make contact with a recent approach based on localization of equivariant forms, constructed with Killing spinor bilinears.
Partial spectral flow in the D1D5 CFT
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The two-dimensional 𝒩 = 4 superconformal algebra has a free field realization with four bosons and four fermions. There is an automorphism of the algebra called spectral flow. Under spectral flow, the four fermions are transformed together. In this paper, we study partial spectral flow where only two of the four fermions are transformed. Partial spectral flow is applied to the D1D5 CFT where a marginal deformation moves the CFT away from the free point. The partial spectral flow is broken by the deformation. We show that this effect can be studied due to a transformation of the deformation which is well-defined under partial spectral flow. As a result in the spectrum, we demonstrate how to compute the second-order energy lift of a D1D5P state through its partial spectral flowed state. We find that D1D5P states related by partial spectral flow do not have the same lift in general.
cntTSP visualization technique for rotating blade surface flow at low Reynolds number
Authors: Ikami Tsubasa , Nishimura Ren , Nagai Hiroki
Published: January 2024

Research and development of aircraft with rotating wings at low Reynolds numbers have received much attention. This study proposes using a carbon nanotube temperature-sensitive paint (cntTSP) measurement technique to visualize the surface flow of rotor blades at low Reynolds numbers. Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) can optically measure a two-dimensional temperature field using the thermal quenching of luminophores. A carbon nanotube thin layer is used to heat the TSP layer in cntTSP measurements. For the experimental condition, the low Reynolds number at 75% of the rotor radius was 1.1 × 104, and a blade tip speed of 7.2 m/s. Temperature distributions showing a leading edge vortex (LEV) were observed in the visualization results. Furthermore, the LEV region expanded from the wing-tip side to the wing-root side at high-pitch angles. These visualization results show the applicability of the cntTSP measurement technique for investigating the surface flow field of rotor blades at low Reynolds numbers.

Graphical abstract
Amygdala structure and function and its associations with social-emotional outcomes in a low-risk preterm sample
Authors: Fernández de Gamarra-Oca L. , Lucas-Jiménez O. , Ontañón J. M. , Loureiro-Gonzalez B. , Peña J. , Ibarretxe-Bilbao N. , García-Guerrero M. A. , Ojeda N. , Zubiaurre-Elorza L.
Published: January 2024

Amygdala atypical volume development and functional connectivity (FC) at small gestational ages (GA) have been found across childhood. This adult-oriented study assesses whether altered amygdala structure and function is present following low-risk preterm birth. T1-weighted and resting-state functional MRI images of 33 low-risk preterm (30–36 weeks’ GA) and 29 full-term (37–42 weeks’ GA) young adults of both sexes, aged between 20 and 32 years old, were analyzed using FreeSurfer (v6.0.0) and Coon Toolbox (v21.a). The social-emotional assessment included Happé’s Strange Stories Test, the Moral Judgment Test, Delay-Discounting Test, Adult Self Report, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. No differences were found in social-emotional outcomes or amygdala volumes between the groups. Low-risk preterm young adults showed increased FC between the left amygdala, right amygdala and medial frontal cortex (MedFC) (F = 9.89, p-FWE = 0.009) at cluster level compared to their full-term peers. However, significant results at connection level were not observed between left and right amygdala. Lastly, increased FC at cluster level between the right amygdala and MedFC, and left amygdala and MedFC, was related to better social-emotional outcomes only in low-risk preterm young adults (F = 6.60, p-FWE = 0.036) at cluster level. At connection level, in contrast, only right amygdala–MedFC increased FC was significantly associated with better social-emotional outcomes. This study reveals that low-risk prematurity does not have an effect on social-emotional outcomes or structural amygdala volumes during young adulthood. However, individuals who were considered to be at a lower risk of exhibiting neurodevelopmental alterations following preterm birth demonstrated increased FC between the left and right amygdala and MedFC.
Mitophagy plays a “double-edged sword” role in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Chengxin
Published: January 2024

Mitochondria are organelles with double-membrane structure of inner and outer membrane, which provides main energy support for cell growth and metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly comes from mitochondrial and can cause irreversible damage to cells under oxidative stress. Thus, mitochondrial homeostasis is the basis for maintaining the normal physiological function of cells and mitophagy plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. At present, to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy by regulating mitochondria has increasingly become a hot spot of cancer therapy. It is particularly important to study the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on mitochondria and the role of mitophagy in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Most of the existing reviews have focused on mitophagy-related molecules or pathways and the impact of mitophagy on diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on discussing the relationship between mitophagy and radiosensitivity of cancer cells around mitochondria and IR.
Non-Fourier Bioheat Transfer Analysis in Brain Tissue During Interstitial Laser Ablation: Analysis of Multiple Influential Factors
Authors: Singh Sundeep , Bianchi Leonardo , Korganbayev Sanzhar , Namakshenas Pouya , Melnik Roderick , Saccomandi Paola
Published: January 2024

This work presents the dual-phase lag-based non-Fourier bioheat transfer model of brain tissue subjected to interstitial laser ablation. The finite element method has been utilized to predict the brain tissue's temperature distributions and ablation volumes. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to quantify the effect of variations in the input laser power, treatment time, laser fiber diameter, laser wavelength, and non-Fourier phase lags. Notably, in this work, the temperature-dependent thermal properties of brain tissue have been considered. The developed model has been validated by comparing the temperature obtained from the numerical and ex vivo brain tissue during interstitial laser ablation. The ex vivo brain model has been further extended to in vivo settings by incorporating the blood perfusion effects. The results of the systematic analysis highlight the importance of considering temperature-dependent thermal properties of the brain tissue, non-Fourier behavior, and microvascular perfusion effects in the computational models for accurate predictions of the treatment outcomes during interstitial laser ablation, thereby minimizing the damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The developed model and parametric analysis reported in this study would assist in a more accurate and precise prediction of the temperature distribution, thus allowing to optimize the thermal dosage during laser therapy in the brain.
Teacher leadership and virtual communities: Unpacking teacher agency and distributed leadership
Authors: Shal Tarek , Ghamrawi Norma , Abu-Tineh Abdullah , Al-Shaboul Yousef M. , Sellami Abdellatif
Published: January 2024

This study explored the development of teacher leadership in collaborative online spaces, also called virtual communities of practice (vCoP). Employing a phenomenological research design with semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method, participants were drawn from a single vCoP. The findings underscored the pivotal role of vCoPs in nurturing teacher leadership skills, facilitated by the dynamic interplay of teacher agency and distributed leadership. Teacher agency empowers educators to proactively take control of their learning journey within vCoPs, enabling them to explore areas of personal interest and expertise, including knowledge sharing and project initiation. Simultaneously, distributed leadership empowers teachers to assume leadership roles within the vCoP, irrespective of their formal positions or seniority, involving activities such as guiding discussions and organizing professional development. This harmonious collaboration between teacher agency and distributed leadership fosters a collaborative and inclusive environment within vCoPs, where teacher leadership thrive.