bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of intranasal and sublingual analgesia in children and adolescents in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Cozzi Giorgio , Chiappa Sara , La Fauci Giovanna , Calvi Matteo , Castagno Emanuele , Tappi Eleonora , Villa Giovanna , Tommasi Paola , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Cellai Rustici Marta , Casciana Maria Luisa , Tovaglieri Nicola , Masi Stefano , Vezzoli Cesare , Tilatti Sofia Zeuditù , Giangreco Manuela , Barbi Egidio , Benini Franca
Published: September 2024

Background

Despite evidence showing that the intranasal and sublingual routes are safe and effective in providing analgesia, no data are available about their day-to-day use in the emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the use of the intranasal and sublingual routes, and the clinical characteristics of the patients receiving analgesia through these routes.

Methods

A multicentre study was performed in the EDs participating in the Pain in Paediatric Emergency Room research group. It included a survey and a retrospective data collection in which the medical records of all patients who received analgesia from 1 April 2022 to 31 May 2022 were collected.

Results

48 centres (91%) answered the survey. The intranasal and sublingual routes were used in 25 centres (52%). 13 centres (27%) used both routes, 9 centres (19%) used only the sublingual and 3 centres (6%) used only the intranasal route.

12 centres (48%) participated in the retrospective study. Data about 3409 patients, median age 9 years (IQR 5–12), were collected. Among them, 337 patients (9.6%) received sublingual analgesia, and 87 patients (2.5%) received intranasal analgesia. The intranasal route was employed for injuries in 79 (90.8%) cases, and fentanyl was the drug delivered in 85 (97.7%) cases. The sublingual route was used mainly for injuries (57.3%), but also for abdominal pain (15.4%), musculoskeletal pain (14.5%) and headache (10.7%). Paracetamol, ketorolac and tramadol were administered through this route.

Conclusions

The use of the intranasal and sublingual routes for analgesia in the paediatric ED is still limited.
Role of communicating diagnostic uncertainty in the safety-netting process: insights from a vignette study
Authors: Cox Caitríona , Hatfield Thea , Fritz Zoë
Published: September 2024

Background

Safety-netting is intended to protect against harm from uncertainty in diagnosis/disease trajectory. Despite recommendations to communicate diagnostic uncertainty when safety-netting, this is not always done.

Aims

To explore how and why doctors safety-netted in response to several clinical scenarios, within the broader context of exploring how doctors communicate diagnostic uncertainty.

Methods

Doctors working in internal medical specialties (n=36) from five hospitals were given vignettes in a randomised order (all depicting different clinical scenarios involving diagnostic uncertainty). After reading each, they told an interviewer what they would tell a ‘typical patient’ in this situation. A follow-up semistructured interview explored reasons for their communication. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. We examined
how
participants safety-netted using a content analysis approach, and
why
they safety-netting with thematic analysis of the semistructured follow-up interviews using thematic analysis.

Results

We observed n=78 instances of safety-netting (across 108 vignette encounters). We found significant variation in how participants safety-netted. Safety-netting was common (although not universal), but clinicians differed in the detail provided about symptoms to be alert for, and the action advised. Although many viewed safety-netting as an important tool for managing diagnostic uncertainty, diagnostic uncertainty was infrequently explicitly discussed; most advised patients to return if symptoms worsened or new ‘red flag’ symptoms developed, but they rarely linked this directly to the possibility of diagnostic error. Some participants expressed concerns that communicating diagnostic uncertainty when safety-netting may cause anxiety for patients or could drive inappropriate reattendance/over-investigation.

Conclusions

Participants safety-netted variously, even when presented with identical clinical information. Although safety-netting was seen as important in avoiding diagnostic error, concerns about worrying patients may have limited discussion about diagnostic uncertainty. Research is needed to determine whether communicating diagnostic uncertainty makes safety-netting more effective at preventing harm associated with diagnostic error, and whether it causes significant patient anxiety.
Cluster randomised evaluation of a training intervention to increase the use of statistical process control charts for hospitals in England: making data count
Authors: Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Kudrna Laura , Quinn Laura , Bird Paul , Hemming Karla , Venable Zoe , Lilford Richard
Published: September 2024

Background

The way that data are presented can influence quality and safety initiatives. Time-series charts highlight changes but do not clarify whether data lie outside expected variation. Statistical process control (SPC) charts make this distinction and have been demonstrated to be effective in supporting hospital initiatives. To improve the uptake of the SPC methodology by hospitals in England, a training intervention was created. The current study evaluates the effectiveness of that training against the background of a wider national initiative to encourage the adoption of SPC charts.

Methods

A parallel cluster randomised trial was conducted with 16 English NHS hospitals. Half were randomised to the training intervention and half to the control. The primary analysis compares the difference in use of SPC charts within hospital board papers in a postrandomisation period (adjusting for baseline use). Trainees completed feedback forms with Likert scale and open-ended items.

Results

Fifteen hospitals participated across the study arms. SPC chart use increased in both intervention and control hospitals between the baseline and postrandomisation period (29 and 30 percentage points, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control hospitals in use of SPC charts in the postrandomisation period (average absolute difference 9% (95% CI −34% to 52%). In the feedback forms, 93.9% (n=31/33) of trainees affirmed learning and 97.0% (n=32/33) had formed an intention to change their behaviour.

Conclusions

Control chart use increased in both intervention and control hospitals. This is consistent with a rising tide and/or contamination effect, such that the culture of control chart use is spreading across hospitals in England. Further research is needed to support hospitals implementing SPC training initiatives and to link SPC implementation to quality and safety outcomes. Such research could support future quality and safety initiatives nationally and internationally.

Trial registration number

NCT04977414.
Updates in non-neoplastic orthopaedic pathology: what you don’t know can hurt you!
Authors: Dashti Nooshin K , Reith John D , Kilpatrick Scott E
Published: September 2024

Even though the average surgical pathologist reviews far more non-neoplastic orthopaedic pathology on a daily basis, most current research focuses on rare tumours and their even less frequent molecular events. Our experiences among consults and focused conferences strongly suggest that there remains a practice gap regarding knowledge and diagnosing specific non-neoplastic orthopaedic conditions. One of the most frequent intraoperative consultations performed in the USA, among both academic and private institutions, relates to revision arthroplasty and the determination of infection in periprosthetic joints. Pathologists play a critical role in this algorithm, helping determine intraoperatively whether patients require antibiotic spacers prior to reimplantation. Many pathology departments have abandoned the examination of arthroplasty specimens because they (and their surgeons) mistakenly believe there is little clinically relevant information to be gained by thorough pathological examination. However, recent literature has challenged this concept, emphasising the importance of distinguishing avascular necrosis (from osteoarthritis/degenerative joint disease with secondary osteonecrosis), subchondral insufficiency fracture, septic arthritis (from so-called ‘sterile’ osteomyelitis/pseudoabscesses), underlying crystalline diseases and incidental/occult neoplasia. Histological evaluation of historically insignificant orthopaedic specimens, such as tenosynovium from carpal tunnel syndrome/trigger finger, is now seen as valuable in early diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Not infrequently, orthopaedic conditions like haemosiderotic synovitis, osteocartilaginous loose bodies or rheumatoid nodules, may histologically mimic bona fide neoplasms, notably diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumour, synovial chondromatosis and epithelioid sarcoma, respectively. Here is a review of the more common non-neoplastic orthopaedic conditions, those likely to be examined by the practising surgical pathologist, with updates and guidelines for establishing clinically relevant diagnoses.
Combination of acute diabetic neuropathies following intensive glycaemic management
Authors: Da Silva Teixeira Weverton Carlos , Baima José Pedro Soares , Lino Angelina Maria Martins
Published: September 2024

While acute and monophasic diabetic neuropathy variants are considered relatively uncommon, diabetes mellitus affects over 6% of the global population, with more than 50% experiencing some form of diabetic neuropathy. Treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes is an iatrogenic, transient neuropathy characterised by small fibre involvement precipitated by rapid glycaemic control. Diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy is an asymmetric, predominantly motor neuropathy of the lower limbs, typically starting with localised leg pain. We present a 59-year-old man manifesting features of both conditions following a 12.5% decrease in glycated haemoglobin over 3 months.
Posterior quadratus lumborum block versus intrathecal morphine analgesia after scheduled cesarean section: a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Giral Thomas , Delvaux Bernard Victor , Huynh Davy , Morel Bertrand , Zanoun Nabil , Ehooman Franck , Garnier Thierry , Maupain Olivier
Published: September 2024

Background

During the postoperative period of elective cesarean section, intrathecal morphine is effective in the multimodal analgesic regimen, but can cause significant adverse effects. Bilateral posterior quadratus lumborum block could be alternatively used. The aim of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of both strategies as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen.

Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study. 104 parturients were randomly selected to receive intrathecal morphine or posterior quadratus lumborum block during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The primary endpoint was patient-controlled 24-hour cumulative intravenous morphine use. Secondary endpoints were 48-hour cumulative morphine use, static/dynamic pain scores, functional recovery (ObsQoR-11 questionnaire) and adverse effects.

Results

There was no statistical difference in the mean cumulative morphine dose at 24-hour between groups (posterior quadratus lumborum block group, 13.7 (97.5% CI 10.4 to 16.9) mg; intrathecal morphine group, 11.1 (97.5% CI 8.4 to 13.8) mg, p=0.111). Pain scores did not show any difference between groups, excepted at 6 hours for the pain at cough/movement in favor of the posterior quadratus lumborum block group (p=0.013). A better recovery quality was observed at 24 hours in the posterior quadratus lumborum block group (p=0.009). Pruritus was more frequent in intrathecal morphine group parturients (35% vs 2%)

Conclusions

No difference in cumulative morphine dose at 24 hours was observed in posterior quadratus lumborum block group compared with intrathecal morphine group. Posterior quadratus lumborum block can be considered an alternative to intrathecal morphine in cesarean postoperative analgesia, especially in cases of intolerance to morphine.

Trial registration number

NCT04755712.
Effect of microwave heating on rock damage and energy evolution
Authors: Li Tan , Wang Wei , Chen Guangbo , Li Qinghai
Published: September 2024

Rock fragmentation efficiency can be increased by microwave heating. The mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristics of coarse sandstone specimens under different microwave heating conditions are compared in this paper. The effects of microwave heating time and power on coarse sandstone specimens of peak stress, elastic modulus, brittleness index, damage variable, and impact energy index are analyzed. The results indicate that the microwave heating power and microwave heating time are inversely proportional to peak stress and elastic modulus and directly proportional to peak strain. With the increase of microwave heating power and microwave heating time, the brittleness index and damage variable of rock specimens increase, the impact energy index decreases. The microwave heating power and microwave heating time increase the rock brittleness index. The energy absorption rate of rock specimens decreases with the increase of microwave heating time. The impact energy index is inversely proportional to microwave heating power and microwave heating time. High-power and long-time microwave heating can reduce the possibility of rockbursts and the intensity of potential dynamic disasters. The research conclusion can provide the theoretical and technical basis for breaking rock by microwave heating.
Minimal-length quantum field theory: a first-principle approach
Authors: Bosso Pasquale
Published: September 2024

Phenomenological models of quantum gravity often consider the existence of some form of minimal length. This feature is commonly described in the context of quantum mechanics and using the corresponding formalism and techniques. Although few attempts at a quantum field-theoretical description of a minimal length has been proposed, they are rather the exception and there is no general agreement on the correct one. Here, using the quantum-mechanical model as a guidance, we propose a first-principle definition of a quantum field theory including a minimal length. Specifically, we propose a two-step procedure, by first describing the quantum-mechanical models as a classical field theory and subsequently quantizing it. We are thus able to provide a foundation for further exploration of the implications of a minimal length in quantum field theory.
Grade restriction and D-brane transport for a nonabelian GLSM of an elliptic curve
Authors: Knapp Johanna
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we discuss a simple model for D-brane transport in nonabelian GLSMs. The model is the elliptic curve version of a nonabelian GLSM introduced by Hori and Tong and has gauge group [Formula: see text]. It has two geometric phases, both of which describe the same elliptic curve, once realized as a codimension five complete intersection in [Formula: see text] and once as a determinantal variety. The determinantal phase is strongly coupled with unbroken [Formula: see text]. There are two singular points in the moduli space where the theory has a Coulomb branch. Using grade restriction rules, we show how to transport B-branes between the two phases along paths avoiding the singular points. With the help of the GLSM hemisphere partition function, we compute analytic continuation matrices and monodromy matrices, confirming results obtained by different methods.
T-dualities in gauged linear sigma models
Authors: Bizet Nana Cabo
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we describe non-Abelian T-dualities for a two-dimensional (2D) gauged linear sigma model (GLSM) with [Formula: see text] supersymmetry (SUSY). We start with the case of left and right SUSY [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] gauge group, and global non-Abelian symmetries. Our analysis applies to the specialization of the GLSM with the global group [Formula: see text], whose original model is the resolved conifold. We analyze the dual model and compute the periods on the dual geometry, matching the effective potential for the [Formula: see text] gauge field, and discussing the coincident singularity at the conifold point. We further present the non-Abelian T-dualization of models with [Formula: see text] SUSY, analyzing the case of global symmetry [Formula: see text]. In this case, the full non-Abelian duality can be solved. The dual geometries with and without nonperturbative corrections to the superpotential coincide. The structure of the dual nonperturbative corrections is determined based on symmetry arguments. The non-Abelian T-dualities reviewed here lead to potential new symmetries between physical theories.
On spectral data for (2,2) Berry connections, difference equations and equivariant quantum cohomology
Authors: Ferrari Andrea E. V. , Zhang Daniel
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we study supersymmetric Berry connections of 2d [Formula: see text] gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) quantized on a circle, which are periodic monopoles, with the aim to provide a fruitful physical arena for recent mathematical constructions related to the latter. These are difference modules encoding monopole solutions via a Hitchin–Kobayashi correspondence established by Mochizuki. We demonstrate how the difference modules arise naturally by studying the ground states as the cohomology of a one-parameter family of supercharges. In particular, we show how they are related to one kind of monopole spectral data, a quantization of the Cherkis–Kapustin spectral curve, and relate them to the physics of the GLSM. By considering states generated by D-branes and leveraging the difference modules, we derive novel difference equations for brane amplitudes. We then show that in the conformal limit, these degenerate into novel difference equations for hemisphere partition functions, which are exactly calculable. When the GLSM flows to a nonlinear sigma model with Kähler target X, we show that the difference modules are related to the equivariant quantum cohomology of X.
Quantum K-theory and integrability
Authors: Koroteev Peter
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we explore some recent advancements in enumerative algebraic geometry, focusing particularly on the role of quantum K-theory of quiver varieties as viewed through the lens of integrable systems. We highlight a number of conjectures and open questions.
New results on 3d 𝒩=2 SQCD and its 3d GLSM interpretation
Authors: Closset Cyril , Khlaif Osama
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we review some new results we recently obtained about the infrared physics of 3d [Formula: see text] SQCD with a unitary gauge group, in particular in the presence of a nonzero Fayet–Iliopoulos parameter and with generic values of the Chern–Simons levels. We review the 3d GLSM (also known as 3d A-model) approach to the computation of the 3d [Formula: see text] twisted chiral ring of half-BPS lines. For particular values of the Chern–Simons levels, this twisted chiral ring has a neat interpretation in terms of the quantum K-theory (QK) of the Grassmannian manifold. We propose a new set of line defects of the 3d gauge theory, dubbed Grothendieck lines, which represent equivariant Schubert classes in the QK ring. In particular, we show that double Grothendieck polynomials, which represent the equivariant Chern characters of the Schubert classes, arise physically as Witten indices of certain quiver supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We also explain two distinct ways how to compute K-theoretic enumerative invariants using the 3d GLSM approach.
Reflections in the mirror: Studying infinite Coxeter symmetries of GV-invariants
Authors: Kuusela Pyry , McGovern Joseph
Published: September 2024

We study the problem of computing Gopakumar–Vafa (GV) invariants for multiparameter families of symmetric Calabi–Yau threefolds admitting flops to diffeomorphic manifolds. There are infinite Coxeter groups, generated by permutations and flops, that act as symmetries on the GV-invariants of these manifolds. We describe how these groups are related to symmetries in GLSMs, and the existence of multiple mirrors. Some representation theory of these Coxeter groups is also discussed. The symmetries provide an infinite number of relations between the GV-invariants for each fixed genus. This remarkable fact is of assistance in obtaining higher-genus invariants via the BCOV recursion. This paper is based on joint work with Philip Candelas and Xenia de la Ossa.
Field Measurement of the Vibration Characteristics of a Super-Long Hanger of a Suspension Bridge
Authors: Meng Lu , Li Yi , Zheng Xiaodong , Li Jiawu , Wang Feng
Published: September 2024

Suspension bridge hangers over 100[Formula: see text]m are prone to wind-induced vibration. To investigate the vibration characteristics of a suspension bridge hanger over 140[Formula: see text]m with two cables on a day affected by typhoon Sura, the field measurement of the wind field and acceleration of two cables at different heights was performed. The wavelet transform method was introduced to analyze the time–frequency characteristics of the hanger and girder, while based on the stochastic subspace identification method, the damping ratios of the hanger were identified. The cluster analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the wind field and hanger vibration. The result of measurement at the site indicated that under the nonstationary wind, the hanger exhibited three different forms of vibration: vortex-induced vibration, buffeting, and another high-frequency vibration. The first two forms may be caused by the incoming wind, and the last one may be due to the vibration of the bridge deck. The vibration was the same between two cables, but different in multiple heights of a cable. For the same cable, there existed a linear relationship between the in-plane and out-of-plane vibration. The hanger exhibited single-mode and multimode vibrations with an elliptical or eight-shaped motion trajectory. For the multimode vibration, a clear energy alternation phenomenon between the dominant frequency and subdominant frequency was found. The out-of-plane acceleration was greater than the in-plane vibration due to the damping difference in the two directions. The wind field was divided into five clusters, and the clusters of the wind field were related to the mode of hanger vibration.
THE MICROECONOMICS OF INNOVATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND THE RESOURCE-BASED VIEW OF BUSINESS STRATEGY
Authors: MESHULACH AVRAHAM , KEDAR-LEVY HAIM
Published: September 2024

We link end-product innovations with those entrepreneurial endeavors aimed at developing firm-specific valuable, rare and unique resources (VRIO) under uncertainty. These resources are responsible for rent and sustainable competitive advantage by the resource-based view (RBV) of business strategy, yet their uncertain cost and productivity are not explicitly operationalised in RBV. We argue that acknowledging resource-uncertainty implies uncertainty in the path-dependent evolution of VRIO resources, which translate to heterogenous end-product attributes that shape the competitive environment. Resource-uncertainty requires management to be active in resource-risk-management, a role that ultimately reduces the uncertainty management observes, compared with the uncertainty that an outsider observes. Our framework highlights complementarities between those entrepreneurs responsible for disruptive innovations, and routinised innovation processes of established firms. Both cope with and manage innovation risk, and both are essential for the creative destruction process.
Dynamics of epidemic models incorporating a hospitalization compartment with a nonlinear recovery rate
Authors: Yang Chayu , Jin Yu , Du Huijing
Published: September 2024

We propose new mathematical models based on ordinary differential equations to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases by adding a hospitalization compartment [Formula: see text] into the classic [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models. The models incorporate a general incidence rate between susceptibles and infected individuals and a nonlinear recovery rate for hospitalized individuals. We rigorously analyze the existence, local stabilities, and global stabilities of equilibria and derive threshold conditions determining whether the disease dies out or persists. As an application of our [Formula: see text] model, we perform a case study with an endemic of COVID-19, conduct data fitting and sensitivity analysis for model parameters, and present simulation results to emphasize the role of the hospitalization rate.
Pollution risk assessment and spatial distribution of potentially hazardous elements in selenium-rich soils in the Menyuan Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: An Zhao , Li Leiming , Qi Changwei , Dong Ji'en , Ma Ying , Wang Fuchun , Tong Haikui , Zheng Zhenhua
Published: September 2024

The scientific utilization of selenium (Se)-rich soils necessitates the evaluation of the contents of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs). The Menyuan Basin, a representative Se-rich region located on the northern periphery of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, was chosen as the research area. Pollution risk and spatial source analysis was conducted for eight PHEs (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni and Hg) using 5297 topsoil samples and 480 deep-soil samples. The results show that more than 50% of the total area has a Se content >0.24 mg kg
–1
. According to both single and comprehensive pollution indices, there are extremely few sampling sites with PHEs at risk of contamination. Low ecological risk was seen in 93.34% of the topsoil samples. The results show that although the overall level of surface soil pollution in the study area may be deemed negligible, on the surface or in deeper layers, the concentration centres of As, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb and other elements show consistency, indicating that underlying parent rocks are the primary source of these elements. The findings presented in this study establish a scientific foundation for the secure development and utilization of Se-rich soils.
Digital Twin for Digital Health: Body Joint Modeling and 3D Pose Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Huan , Qian Xiaoye , Cai Yi , Lu Tianyu , Xu Xiaowei , Lin Feng , Yeh Shih-Ching , Huang Ming-Chun
Published: September 2024

Body joint modeling and human pose reconstruction provide precise motion and quantitative geometric information about human dynamics. The rich motion information obtained from human pose estimation plays important roles in a wide range of digital twin and connected health applications. However, current related researches have difficulties in extracting the joints’ spatial-temporal correlations from different levels. This is due to the poses being at various complexities in moving various joints differently. Hence, the typical conventional transformer method is non-adaptable and barely meets the aforementioned requirement. In this paper, we propose the
B
ody
J
oint
I
nteractive trans
Former
s (BJIFormer) to extract the multi-level joints’ spatial-temporal information. The design enables the model to learn the inner joints’ correlation inside the body parts across frames and propagate the extracted information across the body parts with shared joints. The multi-level body joint interactive scheme has greater efficiency improvement by restricting the self-attention computation to partial body parts and connecting each body part by torso. The proposed interactive approach explores the spatial-temporal correlation following the hierarchical paradigm and effectively estimates and reconstructs 3D human poses.
Language Model Crossover: Variation through Few-Shot Prompting
Authors: Meyerson Elliot , Nelson Mark J. , Bradley Herbie , Gaier Adam , Moradi Arash , Hoover Amy K. , Lehman Joel
Published: September 2024

This article pursues the insight that language models naturally enable an intelligent variation operator similar in spirit to evolutionary crossover. In particular, language models of sufficient scale demonstrate in-context learning, i.e., they can learn from associations between a small number of input patterns to generate outputs incorporating such associations (also called few-shot prompting). This ability can be leveraged to form a simple but powerful variation operator, i.e., to prompt a language model with a few text-based genotypes (such as code, plain-text sentences, or equations), and to parse its corresponding output as those genotypes’ offspring. The promise of such language model crossover (which is simple to implement and can leverage many different open source language models) is that it enables a simple mechanism to evolve semantically rich text representations (with few domain-specific tweaks), and naturally benefits from current progress in language models. Experiments in this article highlight the versatility of language-model crossover, through evolving binary bit-strings, sentences, equations, text-to-image prompts, and Python code. The conclusion is that language model crossover is a flexible and effective method for evolving genomes representable as text.
An Efficient Method of DRC Violation Prediction with a Serial Deep Learning Model
Authors: Lin Jingui , Lin Wenxiong , Liang Shiyan , Gao Peng , Xing Yan , Wu Tingting , Xiong Xiaoming , Cai Shuting
Published: September 2024

In VLSI design, the utilization of Design Rule Check (DRC) tools in the early stage is crucial for predicting and resolving violations, thereby expediting the physical design process. In our study, we present an efficient model that predicts DRC violations prior to the routing stage. Additionally, our model incorporates a sliding-window technique to enhance the feature extraction process. We extract structural features using Graph Convolutional Networks and utilize feature reuse techniques to fully recover the lost information in neural layers, which serves as input to the Convolutional Neural Network model, resulting in more accurate hotspot prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that our model successfully identifies 95.78% of DRC violations, with a mere 4.17% false-alarm rate. Not only does our method deliver improved feature preprocessing results, but it also enhances prediction accuracy compared to alternative approaches.
Fully-Coupled Electric-Thermal-Flow Modeling and Investigation of Dynamic Thermal-Ledge Behavior in Aluminum Electrolysis Cell
Authors: Ran Ling , Li Jie , Zou Zhong , Zhang Bo , Li Quanlin , Yang Shuai , Zhang Hongliang
Published: September 2024

Aluminum electrolysis cells (AECs) require effective thermal regulation to operate flexibly alongside renewable energy sources. Prior to implementing thermal regulation strategies, it is essential to predict the dynamic variations in the thermal field and ledge characteristics of a full-scale cell. This study introduces a transient electro-thermal-flow coupling model for a full-scale AEC, aimed at investigating the interactions between ledge distribution and various operational fields, including thermal, electric, and flow fields. The model facilitates the calculation and assessment of the dynamic properties of the ledge and thermal balance under ±15% flexible current variations. Results indicate that during a current increase, ledge melting predominantly occurs in the electrolyte layer, while ledge solidification is primarily observed in the metal layer during a current reduction. Regions with a thicker ledge and faster velocity tend to melt more during current increases and are less likely to return to their original shape and thickness during current reductions, complicating the rapid restoration of thermal equilibrium. To achieve uniform ledge distribution and real-time adaptation to flexible current variations, it is recommended to install distributed cooling devices on the sides of the AEC to enable differential ledge regulation at various locations.
Experimental Investigation of Failure Mode and Energy Evolution under Uniaxial Recompression of Granite Predamaged
Authors: Wu Yabin , Liu Xiaosheng
Published: September 2024

The research work aimed at identifying the failure mode and energy evolution of damaged granite by uniaxial compression tests. The predamage specimens were prepared by cyclic loading with high confining pressure under constant upper and lower cyclic limit loading, which were collected from China. The test results showed that the cyclic loading with high confining pressure does damage to the rock to a certain degree. The macrocracks of predamage rock appear initially when the uniaxial compressive stress reaches 0.8 σmax. The failure mode is mainly mixed by shear failure and tensile failure. There is a critical state of the cyclic test that the predamage rock transforms the brittle deformation into a ductile one during the triaxial compression loading. Before the critical state, the average deformation energy of predamage rock is impacted by confining pressure (strongly, linear negative). The impact energy index and the residual energy of the predamage rock gradually decrease linearly with the increase of confining pressure.
Resistor‐Loaded Wideband Polarization Independent Absorber Using Tightly Coupled Dipole Structure
Authors: Peng Jian , Li Chao , Cheng Fei , Wu Li , Xu Wei-wei , Liu Zhi-jie
Published: September 2024

This article presents a resistor‐loaded wideband absorber using a tightly coupled dipole structure. The conversional inherit wide bandwidth tightly coupled dipole which was used as an antenna is adopted as a unit cell. The port of the dipole is loaded with resistors to dissipate the microwave energy. The design principles of the absorber are given. An equivalent circuit model composed of an RLC resonant circuit is proposed to analyze the performance of the absorber. To demonstrate, a 288 mm × 288 mm absorber ranging from 1.96 to 8.08 GHz is fabricated and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones which show that the absorber can work from 2 to 8.18 GHz with an absorption rate of more than 90%. Moreover, the proposed absorber is also insensitive to the polarization angle of the incident wave. When the incident angle changes from 0° to 45°, the absorption rate is nearly unchanged over the operating band.
Figure S9 from A Pan-Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Histology Image Repository with Genomic and Pathologic Annotations Enables Deep Learning Analysis
Authors: White Brian S. , Woo Xing Yi , Koc Soner , Sheridan Todd , Neuhauser Steven B. , Wang Shidan , Evrard Yvonne A. , Chen Li , Foroughi pour Ali , Landua John D. , Mashl R. Jay , Davies Sherri R. , Fang Bingliang , Raso Maria Gabriela , Evans Kurt W. , Bailey Matthew H. , Chen Yeqing , Xiao Min , Rubinstein Jill C. , Sanderson Brian J. , Lloyd Michael W. , Domanskyi Sergii , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Fujita Maihi , Fujimoto Junya , Xiao Guanghua , Fields Ryan C. , Mudd Jacqueline L. , Xu Xiaowei , Hollingshead Melinda G. , Jiwani Shahanawaz , Acevedo Saul , Davis-Dusenbery Brandi N. , Robinson Peter N. , Moscow Jeffrey A. , Doroshow James H. , Mitsiades Nicholas , Kaochar Salma , Pan Chong-xian , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. , Welm Alana L. , Welm Bryan E. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Li Shunqiang , Davies Michael A. , Roth Jack A. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Xie Yang , Herlyn Meenhard , Ding Li , Lewis Michael T. , Bult Carol J. , Dean Dennis A. , Chuang Jeffrey H.
Published: September 2024

Figure S9
Figure S2 from A Pan-Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Histology Image Repository with Genomic and Pathologic Annotations Enables Deep Learning Analysis
Authors: White Brian S. , Woo Xing Yi , Koc Soner , Sheridan Todd , Neuhauser Steven B. , Wang Shidan , Evrard Yvonne A. , Chen Li , Foroughi pour Ali , Landua John D. , Mashl R. Jay , Davies Sherri R. , Fang Bingliang , Raso Maria Gabriela , Evans Kurt W. , Bailey Matthew H. , Chen Yeqing , Xiao Min , Rubinstein Jill C. , Sanderson Brian J. , Lloyd Michael W. , Domanskyi Sergii , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Fujita Maihi , Fujimoto Junya , Xiao Guanghua , Fields Ryan C. , Mudd Jacqueline L. , Xu Xiaowei , Hollingshead Melinda G. , Jiwani Shahanawaz , Acevedo Saul , Davis-Dusenbery Brandi N. , Robinson Peter N. , Moscow Jeffrey A. , Doroshow James H. , Mitsiades Nicholas , Kaochar Salma , Pan Chong-xian , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. , Welm Alana L. , Welm Bryan E. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Li Shunqiang , Davies Michael A. , Roth Jack A. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Xie Yang , Herlyn Meenhard , Ding Li , Lewis Michael T. , Bult Carol J. , Dean Dennis A. , Chuang Jeffrey H.
Published: September 2024

Figure S2
Abstract A069 The role of ABCB1 in doxorubicin resistant SMARCB1-deficient cancers
Authors: Skinner Katie T. , Lee Benjamin P. , Yoon Jessica S , Hong Andrew L.
Published: September 2024

SMARCB1 is a tumor suppressor gene and encodes a core subunit of the SWI-SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Loss of SMARCB1 leads to the development of highly aggressive pediatric malignancies, termed “SMARCB1-deficient cancers.” This includes malignant rhabdoid tumor, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and renal medullary carcinoma (RMC). Survival rates in these patients remain low, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents used to treat these cancers are common. One such chemotherapy is doxorubicin. Therefore, this project aims to reveal and understand the mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance in SMARCB1-deficient cancers. To address this question, we generated doxorubicin resistant (DR) cells from one ATRT and two RMC primary cell lines (BT16, PEDS005T, and RCRF1009T respectively) utilizing a dose escalation approach. This resulted in DR cell lines that are 10-fold to 30-fold resistant compared to the parental cell line. Upon generation of these stably resistant cell lines, we profiled their transcriptomes by RNA-sequencing and found an upregulation of the multidrug transporter ABCB1, also known as MDR1. To further probe these cell lines, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on two of our DR cell lines (BT16 and PEDS005T DR). Here, we found a chromosome 7 aneuploidy in BT16 DR cells, but no aneuploidy or mutations were seen in PEDS005T DR cells. ABCB1 is located on chromosome 7. We confirmed this aneuploidy via karyotyping. The mechanism of ABCB1 upregulation in the RMC DR cell lines remains unknown, suggesting multiple modalities leading to ABCB1 upregulation. We then overexpressed ABCB1 in two ATRT parental cell lines (BT16 and CHLA-06-ATRT) and one RMC cell line (PEDS005T) which led to enhanced short-term resistance. This contrasted to JMSU, a SMARCB1 wild-type bladder cancer cell line, where there was stable resistance. Together, this suggests that ABCB1 may be necessary but not sufficient to confer doxorubicin resistance in these SMARCB1-deficient cancer cells. These preliminary findings suggest that despite a common genetic driver (loss of SMARCB1), there may be different pathways to developing resistance to the DNA-damaging agent, doxorubicin. Furthermore, despite the well documented role of ABCB1 in drug resistance, there may be other factors involved in conferring stable resistance in the setting of SMARCB1-deficient cancers.

Citation Format: Katie T. Skinner, Benjamin P. Lee, Jessica S Yoon, Andrew L. Hong. The role of ABCB1 in doxorubicin resistant SMARCB1-deficient cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2024 Sep 5-8; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A069.
Tracking Rare Single Donor and Recipient Immune and Leukemia Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Mitochondrial DNA Mutations
Authors: Penter Livius , Cieri Nicoletta , Maurer Katie , Kwok Marwan , Lyu Haoxiang , Lu Wesley S. , Oliveira Giacomo , Gohil Satyen H. , Leshchiner Ignaty , Lareau Caleb A. , Ludwig Leif S. , Neuberg Donna S. , Kim Haesook T. , Li Shuqiang , Bullinger Lars , Ritz Jerome , Getz Gad , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Soiffer Robert J. , Livak Kenneth J. , Wu Catherine J.
Published: September 2024

Combined tracking of clonal evolution and chimeric cell phenotypes could enable detection of the key cellular populations associated with response following therapy, including after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations coevolve with somatic nuclear DNA mutations at relapse post-HSCT and provide a sensitive means to monitor these cellular populations. Furthermore, detection of mtDNA mutations via single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with select antigen profiling by sequencing (ASAP-seq) simultaneously determines not only donor and recipient cells but also their phenotype at frequencies of 0.1% to 1%. Finally, integration of mtDNA mutations, surface markers, and chromatin accessibility profiles enables the phenotypic resolution of leukemic populations from normal immune cells, thereby providing fresh insights into residual donor-derived engraftment and short-term clonal evolution following therapy for post-transplant leukemia relapse. As throughput evolves, we envision future development of single-cell sequencing–based post-transplant monitoring as a powerful approach for guiding clinical decision-making.

Significance: mtDNA mutations enable single-cell tracking of leukemic clonal evolution and donor–recipient origin following allogeneic HSCT. This provides unprecedented insight into chimeric cellular phenotypes of early immune reconstitution, incipient relapse, and quality of donor engraftment with immediate translational potential for future clinical post-transplant monitoring and decision-making.
Figure 5 from Inferring Characteristics of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Patients with HNSCC from Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Peripheral Blood
Authors: Cao Yingying , Chang Tiangen , Schischlik Fiorella , Wang Kun , Sinha Sanju , Hannenhalli Sridhar , Jiang Peng , Ruppin Eytan
Published: September 2024

A new blood-predicted tumor immune signature, ICFR*, predicts both response and survival of patients with HNSCC after ICB treatment. A, The predictive power for ICB response of three categories of immune information in the blood and in the TME are thoroughly evaluated, including the expression levels of key immune checkpoint genes in their corresponding cell types, ICFs, and ICFRs. B–F, Quantifying the prediction accuracy of the ICFR* signature (Bmemory − Treg)/(Bmemory + Treg). B, Correlation between the predicted ICFR* values and the measured ICFR* values in the TME in the matched blood/tumor training dataset (n = 25) and validation dataset (n = 5). C, ROC curve for predicting ICB RECIST response (n = 16) and pathologic response (n = 26) by the TME ICFR* signature inferred from the blood scRNA-seq. D, OS and PFS analyses of ICB-treated patients in ICFR*-high (score > quantile 50%) vs. ICFR*-low (score ≤ quantile 50%) tumor groups for the PBMC scRNA-seq dataset (GSE200996). E, ROC curve for predicting ICB response using the ICFR* computed from the deconvoluted bulk tumor RNA-seq (GSE159067; n = 102). F, OS and PFS analysis of ICB-treated patients in ICFR*-high vs. ICFR*-low tumor groups for the bulk tumor RNA-seq dataset (GSE159067). r, Pearson correlation coefficient; ρ, Spearman correlation coefficient. FPR, false-positive rate; TPR, true-positive rate.
Figure 1 from Inferring Characteristics of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Patients with HNSCC from Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Peripheral Blood
Authors: Cao Yingying , Chang Tiangen , Schischlik Fiorella , Wang Kun , Sinha Sanju , Hannenhalli Sridhar , Jiang Peng , Ruppin Eytan
Published: September 2024

Data basic properties and analysis overview. A, Distribution, annotation, and cell fractions of 12 major immune cell types in matched tumor-PBMC CD45+ scRNA-seq data from 26 patients with treatment-naïve HNSCC. B, A volcano plot showing differential fractions of abundance of 12 major immune cell types between tumor tissues and PBMCs. C, Significantly differentially expressed genes in 12 annotated immune cell types from tumor tissues and PBMCs. D, An overview of the study: First, (1) the ICFs and (2) the gene expression levels of major immune cell types in the TME are predicted from the blood scRNA-seq data. Then, (3) immune signatures are identified from immune information in the blood and in the TME (which is predicted from the blood) to predict patients’ ICB response. FPR, false-positive rate; TPR, true-positive rate.
Effect of Change in Sodium after Slow Low-Efficiency Dialysis in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Saran Sai , Rao Namrata S. , Misra Saumitra , Siddiqui Suhail Sarwar , Agrawal Avinash , Lohiya Ayush , Gurjar Mohan , Mishra Prabhaker , Muzaffar Syed Nabeel
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The effect of sodium (Na) correction by slow low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) in dysnatremic (135 mEq/L 145 mEq/L) critically ill patients is unclear. Methods: Prospective observational study enrolled dysnatremic critically ill adult patients with acute kidney injury undergoing the first SLED as cases and normonatremic patients as controls. Baseline and SLED-related parameters and 30-day mortality were noted. Results: 100 dysnatremic and 51 normonatremic patients were included, with a median age of 31 (25–52) years and median admission SOFA scores of 10 (9–12). Patients with dysnatremia at study inclusion had a mortality of 53%, with the highest mortality in severe hypernatremia (Na >160 mEq/L) (75%), followed by those with severe hyponatremia (Na <120 mEq/L) (68.6%). SLED-associated natremia change >10 mEq/L was significantly associated with mortality, in patients with mild dysnatremia and normonatremia (Na: 130–150) (p < 0.001), and not in those with moderate to severe dysnatremia (Na <130 and Na >150) (p = 0.72). Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis, a model with pre-SLED pH, dialyzate-pre-SLED Na difference, and duration of SLED significantly predicted SLED-associated natremia change (R2 0.18, p = 0.001). Conclusions: SLED can be safely and effectively performed in critically ill adults with dysnatremia requiring renal replacement therapy with mortality comparable to normonatremic controls.
Successful Maintenance Treatment of a Patient with Resistant Hyperthyroidism with Traditional Persian Medicine Recommendations: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi , Foolad Sara , Zeighami Ali , Namazi Mohammad Reza , Heydari Mojtaba
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrinology condition that could affect several aspects of the patient’s life. Case Presentation: We present a 27-year-old woman who was sent to the traditional Persian medicine (TPM) clinic with a diagnosis of uncontrolled chronic hyperthyroidism (lower levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and higher levels of T3 and T4) and its complications, such as developing exophthalmos, palpitations, anxiety, sleep problems, hair loss, and dry skin. The patient was under treatment with prednisolone and methimazole for up to 1 year, but no acceptable improvement was achieved. The patient received a package of TPM recommendations, which included lifestyle modification, Melissa officinalis herbal tea, and Persian barley water. The patient was followed for 1 year. After 2 months of follow-up of the patient, the level of TSH increased, and the level of T3 and T4 decreased. In addition, the patient’s symptoms, including exophthalmos, palpitation, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and dryness of the skin, were improved considerably. After 3 months of consumption of the TPM-based regime and prescription, the serum levels of TSH, T3, and T4, of the patient were in normal ranges. In a 1-year follow-up of the patient, the patient’s condition was stable and her thyroid function tests were normal. We hereby present the following case to be in line with the CAse REports (CARE) checklist. Conclusion: It appears that TPM lifestyle recommendations, M. officinalis herbal tea, and Persian barley water were effective in treating the patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. We recommend further studies and clinical trial designs in this regard.