bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mean Length of Utterance and Other Quantitative Measures of Spontaneous Speech in Russian-Speaking Children
Authors: Tomas Ekaterina , Dorofeeva Svetlana
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study investigated methodological and theoretical aspects of using mean length of utterance (MLU) and its alternatives in cross-linguistic research and, in particular, its applicability to Russian—a language with a rich system of grammatical and derivational morphemes.

Method

We collected audio recordings of spontaneous speech samples from 27 Russian-speaking children aged between 2;9 and 5;7 (years;months) over individual play sessions. For each participant, we transcribed the first 100 complete utterances and coded them for several types of utterance length measurements, including length in morphemes (grammatical and derivational), words, and syllables. At a sample level, we calculated the average number of produced unique grammatical forms, getting an alternative quantitative estimate of children's morphosyntactic abilities.

Results

A combination of Pearson correlation analysis and Bland–Altman difference plots established that MLU can be reliably used in Russian-speaking children aged around 3;0. The average number of unique grammatical forms remains a sensitive measurement of language capabilities even in older children aged over 3;6. Two quantitative measurements, MLU in syllables and morphemes, show good agreement, suggesting that these measurements can be used interchangeably across studies. Sample size analysis revealed that samples under 75 utterances do not provide sufficient reliability for estimating a child's MLU.

Conclusions

This article demonstrated that MLU can be used in young Russian-speaking children under 3;0–3;6. Also, we showed that the classical morpheme calculation approach can be substituted with counting syllables, which is more time efficient in the absence of automated parsers and is potentially more appropriate for some (e.g., polysynthetic) languages. Our proposed alternative to MLU—the average number of grammatical forms in a sample—appears to be a more sensitive measurement of language capabilities even in older children.
Finite‐time control of periodic systems with event‐triggering mechanisms
Authors: Yang Liu , Gao Yabin , Zhao Yuxin , Wu Ligang
Published: December 2019

This study is concerned with the event‐triggered finite‐time control of periodic systems via a piecewise method. The continuous‐time periodic system is formulated by finite‐number linear time‐invariant subsystems, of which the system parameters are determined by the piecewise approximation method. In consideration of the mitigation of network communication in networked control loops, some event‐triggering mechanisms are designed in terms of the networks between the sensor (or controller) and the controller (or actuator). Three different event‐triggered control schemes are designed for the networked periodic system. The finite‐time stability of the resulting closed‐loop system is analysed by using a Lyapunov function approach with a well‐defined matrix‐valued function. The controller gains depending on the piecewise parameters are thus designed with several matrix inequalities that can be solved by off‐line procedures. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
Data‐driven sensor placement for state reconstruction via POD analysis
Authors: Castillo Alejandro , Messina Arturo Roman
Published: December 2019

In this study, a data‐driven framework to determine the optimal sensor locations for power system oscillation monitoring and state reconstruction is proposed. In this approach, candidate sensor locations are selected sequentially using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis of a reduced‐order binary measurement matrix. Using criteria inferred from the spatial structure of the POD modes, sensor locations having large magnitudes and small cross couplings between modes at the candidate locations are selected from the measurement matrix. The method can be used to reconstruct global system dynamics using a few sensor measurements as well as for the prognosis of power system oscillatory behaviour. The developed procedures are applied to the IEEE 39‐bus test system and to a realistic 5449‐bus model of a large power system.
Accurate coordination method based on the dynamic model of overcurrent relay for industrial power networks taking contribution of induction motors into account
Authors: Ghotbi Maleki Mahdi , Mohammadi Chabanloo Reza , Farrokhifar Meisam
Published: December 2019

Induction motors are widely used in the industry. These motors contribute to short‐circuit currents (SCCs) by generating transient currents. The transient component in the SCC causes a change in the operating times of the overcurrent (OC) relays and miscoordination between the main and the backup relays. Therefore, the conventional relay coordination methods that use fixed SCCs for a specific fault location are not suitable for industrial power networks. In addition, the contribution of induction motors may cause a false trip in non‐directional OC relays at healthy feeder. Here, a method based on the dynamic model of the OC relay is proposed to take the effect of transient component of SCC into account in relays coordination. A new set of constraints is added to the conventional coordination constraints in order to solve the false trip issue. In this case, an optimisation algorithm is needed to coordinate non‐directional OC relays. The proposed method is implemented in a power network of cement factory and the results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Here the genetic optimisation algorithm has been used and the simulation has been achieved using DIgSILENT and MATLAB software.
Kinematics of disk galaxies in (proto-)clusters atz= 1.5
Authors: Böhm A. , Ziegler B. L. , Pérez-Martínez J. M. , Kodama T. , Hayashi M. , Maier C. , Verdugo M. , Koyama Y.
Published: December 2019

Aims.While many aspects of the impact of dense environments on late-type galaxies at redshifts below unity have been scrutinized in the past few decades, observational studies of the interplay between environment and disk galaxy evolution atz >  1 are still scarce. We observed star-forming galaxies atz ≈ 1.5 selected from the HyperSuprimeCam Subaru Strategic Program. The galaxies are part of two significant overdensities of [O II] emitters identified via narrowband imaging and photometric redshifts fromgrizyphotometry.

Methods.We used theK-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) to carry out Hαintegral field spectroscopy of 46 galaxies in total. Ionized gas maps, star formation rates, and velocity fields were derived from the Hαemission line. We quantified morphological and kinematical asymmetries in order to look for potential gravitational (e.g., galaxy-galaxy) or hydrodynamical (e.g., ram-pressure) interactions.

Results.Hαemission was detected in 36 of our targets. Of these galaxies, 34 are members of two (proto-)clusters atz = 1.47, confirming our selection strategy to be highly efficient. By fitting model velocity fields to the observed ones, we determined the intrinsic maximum rotation velocityVmaxof 14 galaxies. Utilizing the luminosity–velocity (Tully–Fisher) relation, we find that these galaxies are more luminous than their local counterparts of similar mass by up to ∼4 mag in the rest-frameB-band. In contrast to field galaxies atz <  1, the offsets of thez ≈ 1.5 (proto-)cluster galaxies from the local Tully–Fisher relation are not correlated with their star formation rates but with the ratio betweenVmaxand gas velocity dispersionσg. This probably reflects that fewer disks have settled to purely rotational kinematics and highVmax/σgratios, as is observed in the field at similar redshifts. Tests with degraded low-redshift cluster galaxy data show that we cannot identify purely hydrodynamical interactions with the imaging currently at hand. Due to relatively low galaxy velocity dispersions (σv <  400 km s−1) of the (proto-)clusters, gravitational interactions are likely more efficient, resulting in higher kinematical asymmetries than in present-days clusters.
λ= 2 mm spectroscopy observations toward the circumnuclear disk of NGC 1068
Authors: Qiu Jianjie , Zhang Jiangshui , Zhang Yong , Jia Lanwei , Tang Xindi
Published: December 2019

Aims.We investigate the physical and chemical conditions of molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND) region of NGC 1068.

Methods.We carried out a spectral line survey with the IRAM 30 m telescope toward the center of NGC 1068 and mainly focused on the 2 mm band with a frequency coverage of 160.7–168.6 GHz and 176.5–184.3 GHz.

Results.Fifteen lines are detected in NGC 1068, eight of which are new detections for this galaxy. We derive the rotation temperatures and column densities of fourteen molecular species.

Conclusions.Based on the [HCO+(2 − 1)]/[HOC+(2 − 1)] ratio, we obtain a high ionization degree in the CND of NGC 1068. It is found that HC3N is concentrated in the east knot, while13CCH, CH3CN, SO, HOC+, CS, CH3CCH, and H2CO are concentrated in the west knot. Compared to the star-forming galaxies M 82 and NGC 253, the chemistry of NGC 1068 might be less strongly affected by the UV radiation field, and its kinetic temperature might be lower.
The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring
Authors: Mahy L. , Sana H. , Abdul-Masih M. , Almeida L. A. , Langer N. , Shenar T. , de Koter A. , de Mink S. E. , de Wit S. , Grin N. J. , Evans C. J. , Moffat A. F. J. , Schneider F. R. N. , Barbá R. , Clark J. S. , Crowther P. , Gräfener G. , Lennon D. J. , Tramper F. , Vink J. S.
Published: December 2019

Context. Accurate stellar parameters of individual objects in binary systems are essential to constrain the effects of binarity on stellar evolution. These parameters serve as a prerequisite to probing existing and future theoretical evolutionary models.

Aims. We aim to derive the atmospheric parameters of the 31 double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring sample. This sample, composed of detached, semi-detached and contact systems with at least one of the components classified as an O-type star, is an excellent test-bed to study how binarity can impact our knowledge of the evolution of massive stars.

Methods. In the present paper, 32 epochs of FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra are analysed by using spectral disentangling to construct the individual spectra of 62 components. We then apply the CMFGEN atmosphere code to determine their stellar parameters and their helium, carbon, and nitrogen surface abundances.

Results. Among the 31 systems that we study in the present paper, we identify between 48 and 77% of them as detached, likely pre-interacting systems, 16% as semi-detached systems, and between 5 and 35% as systems in or close to contact phase. Based on the properties of their components, we show that the effects of tides on chemical mixing are limited. Components on longer-period orbits show higher nitrogen enrichment at their surface than those on shorter-period orbits, in contrast to expectations of rotational or tidal mixing, implying that other mechanisms play a role in this process. For semi-detached systems, components that fill their Roche lobe are mass donors. They exhibit higher nitrogen content at their surface and rotate more slowly than their companions. By accreting new material, their companions spin faster and are likely rejuvenated. Their locations in the N − v sin i diagram tend to show that binary products are good candidates to populate the two groups of stars (slowly rotating, nitrogen-enriched objects and rapidly rotating non-enriched objects) that cannot be reproduced through single-star population synthesis. Finally, we find no peculiar surface abundances for the components in (over-)contact systems, as has been suggested by evolutionary models for tidal mixing.

Conclusions. This sample, consisting of 31 massive binary systems, is the largest sample of binaries composed of at least one O-type star to be studied in such a homogeneous way by applying spectral disentangling and atmosphere modelling. The study of these objects gives us strong observational constraints to test theoretical binary evolutionary tracks.
Extended radio emission associated with a breakout eruption from the back side of the Sun
Authors: Morosan D. E. , Palmerio E. , Lynch B. J. , Kilpua E. K. J.
Published: December 2019

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the Sun are the largest explosions in the Solar System that can drive powerful plasma shocks. The eruptions, shocks, and other processes associated to CMEs are efficient particle accelerators and the accelerated electrons in particular can produce radio bursts through the plasma emission mechanism.

Aims. Coronal mass ejections and associated radio bursts have been well studied in cases where the CME originates close to the solar limb or within the frontside disc. Here, we study the radio emission associated with a CME eruption on the back side of the Sun on 22 July 2012.

Methods. Using radio imaging from the Nançay Radioheliograph, spectroscopic data from the Nançay Decametric Array, and extreme-ultraviolet observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft, we determine the nature of the observed radio emission as well as the location and propagation of the CME.

Results. We show that the observed low-intensity radio emission corresponds to a type II radio burst or a short-duration type IV radio burst associated with a CME eruption due to breakout reconnection on the back side of the Sun, as suggested by the pre-eruptive magnetic field configuration. The radio emission consists of a large, extended structure, initially located ahead of the CME, that corresponds to various electron acceleration locations.

Conclusions. The observations presented here are consistent with the breakout model of CME eruptions. The extended radio emission coincides with the location of the current sheet and quasi-separatrix boundary of the CME flux and the overlying helmet streamer and also with that of a large shock expected to form ahead of the CME in this configuration.
The Nab experiment: A precision measurement of unpolarized neutron beta decay
Authors: Fry J. , Alarcon R. , Baeßler S. , Balascuta S. , Palos L. Barrón , Bailey T. , Bass K. , Birge N. , Blose A. , Borissenko D. , Bowman J.D. , Broussard L.J. , Bryant A.T. , Byrne J. , Calarco J.R. , Caylor J. , Chang K. , Chupp T. , Cianciolo T.V. , Crawford C. , Ding X. , Doyle M. , Fan W. , Farrar W. , Fomin N. , Frlež E. , Gericke M.T. , Gervais M. , Glück F. , Greene G.L. , Grzywacz R.K. , Gudkov V. , Hamblen J. , Hayes C. , Hendrus C. , Ito T. , Jezghani A. , Li H. , Makela M. , Macsai N. , Mammei J. , Mammei R. , Martinez M. , Matthews D.G. , McCrea M. , McGaughey P. , McLaughlin C.D. , Mueller P. , Petten D. van , Penttilä S.I. , Perryman D.E. , Picker R. , Pierce J. , Počanić D. , Qian Y. , Ramsey J. , Randall G. , Riley G. , Rykaczewski K.P. , Salas-Bacci A. , Samiei S. , Scott E.M. , Shelton T. , Sjue S.K. , Smith A. , Smith E. , Stevens E. , Wexler J. , Whitehead R. , Wilburn W.S. , Young A. , Zeck B.
Published: December 2019

Neutron beta decay is one of the most fundamental processes in nuclear physics and provides sensitive means to uncover the details of the weak interaction. Neutron beta decay can evaluate the ratio of axial-vector to vector coupling constants in the standard model, λ = gA/gV, through multiple decay correlations. The Nab experiment will carry out measurements of the electron-neutrino correlation parameter a with a precision of δa/a = 10−3 and the Fierz interference term b to δb = 3 × 10−3 in unpolarized free neutron beta decay. These results, along with a more precise measurement of the neutron lifetime, aim to deliver an independent determination of the ratio λ with a precision of δλ/λ = 0.03% that will allow an evaluation of Vud and sensitively test CKM unitarity, independent of nuclear models. Nab utilizes a novel, long asymmetric spectrometer that guides the decay electron and proton to two large area silicon detectors in order to precisely determine the electron energy and an estimation of the proton momentum from the proton time of flight. The Nab spectrometer is being commissioned at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Lab. We present an overview of the Nab experiment and recent updates on the spectrometer, analysis, and systematic effects.
Final results for the neutron β-asymmetry parameter A0 from the UCNA experiment
Authors: Plaster B. , Adamek E. , Allgeier B. , Anaya J. , Back H.O. , Bagdasarova Y. , Berguno D.B. , Blatnik M. , Boissevain J.G. , Bowles T.J. , Broussard L.J. , Brown M.A.-P. , Carr R. , Clark D.J. , Clayton S. , Cude-Woods C. , Currie S. , Dees E.B. , Ding X. , Du S. , Filippone B.W. , García A. , Geltenbort P. , Hasan S. , Hawari A. , Hickerson K.P. , Hill R. , Hino M. , Hoagland J. , Hoedl S.A. , Hogan G.E. , Hona B. , Hong R. , Holley A.T. , Ito T.M. , Kawai T. , Kirch K. , Kitagaki S. , Knecht A. , Lamoreaux S.K. , Liu C.-Y. , Liu J. , Makela M. , Mammei R.R. , Martin J.W. , Meier N. , Melconian D. , Mendenhall M.P. , Moore S.D. , Morris C.L. , Mortensen R. , Nepal S. , Nouri N. , Pattie R.W. , Pérez Galván A. , Phillips II D.G. , Pichlmaier A. , Picker R. , Pitt M.L. , Ramsey J.C. , Rios R. , Russell R. , Sabourov K. , Sallaska A.L. , Salvat D.J. , Saunders A. , Schmid R. , Seestrom S.J. , Servicky C. , Sharapov E.I. , Sjue S.K.L. , Slutsky S. , Smith D. , Sondheim W.E. , Sun X. , Swank C. , Swift G. , Tatar E. , Teasdale W. , Terai C. , Tipton B. , Utsuro M. , Vogelaar R.B. , VornDick B. , Wang Z. , Wehring B. , Wexler J. , Womack T. , Wrede C. , Xu Y.P. , Yan H. , Young A.R. , Yuan J. , Zeck B.A.
Published: December 2019

The UCNA experiment was designed to measure the neutron β-asymmetry parameter A0 using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). UCN produced via downscattering in solid deuterium were polarized via transport through a 7 T magnetic field, and then directed to a 1 T solenoidal electron spectrometer, where the decay electrons were detected in electron detector packages located on the two ends of the spectrometer. A value for A0 was then extracted from the asymmetry in the numbers of counts in the two detector packages. We summarize all of the results from the UCNA experiment, obtained during run periods in 2007, 2008–2009, 2010, and 2011–2013, which ultimately culminated in a 0.67% precision result for A0.
Undetected electron backscattering in Perkeo III
Authors: Roick Christoph , Saul Heiko , Abele Hartmut , Märkisch Bastian
Published: December 2019

The beta asymmetry in neutron beta decay is used to determine the ratio of axial-vector coupling to vector coupling most precisely. In electron spectroscopy, backscattering of electrons from detectors can be a major source of systematic error. We present the determination of the correction for undetected backscattering for electron detection with the instrument Perkeo III. For the electron asymmetry, undetected backscattering leads to a fractional correction of 5 × 10−4, i.e. a change by 40% of the total systematic uncertainty.
Testing gravity at short distances: Gravity Resonance Spectroscopy with qBounce
Authors: Jenke Tobias , Bosina Joachim , Cronenberg Gunther , Filter Hanno , Geltenbort Peter , Ivanov Andrei N. , Micko Jakob , Pitschmann Mario , Rechberger Tobias , Sedmik René I.P. , Thalhammer Martin , Abele Hartmut
Published: December 2019

Neutrons are the ideal probes to test gravity at short distances – electrically neutral and only hardly polarizable. Furthermore, very slow, so-called ultracold neutrons form bound quantum states in the gravity potential of the Earth. This allows combining gravity experiments at short distances with powerful resonance spectroscopy techniques, as well as tests of the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics. In the last decade, the qBounce collaboration has been performing several measurement campaigns at the ultracold and very cold neutron facility PF2 at the Institut Laue-Langevin. A new spectroscopy technique, Gravity Resonance Spectroscopy, was developed. The results were applied to test various Dark Energy and Dark Matter scenarios in the lab, like Axions, Chameleons and Symmetrons. This article reviews Gravity Resonance Spectroscopy, explains its key technology and summarizes the results obtained during the past decade.
Proof of principle for Ramsey-type gravity resonance spectroscopy with qBounce
Authors: Sedmik René I.P. , Bosina Joachim , Achatz Lukas , Geltenbort Peter , Heiß Manuel , Ivanov Andrey N. , Jenke Tobias , Micko Jakob , Pitschmann Mario , Rechberger Tobias , Schmidt Patrick , Thalhammer Martin , Abele Hartmut
Published: December 2019

Ultracold neutrons (UCNs) are formidable probes in precision tests of gravity. With their negligible electric charge, dielectric moment, and polarizability they naturally evade some of the problems plaguing gravity experiments with atomic or macroscopic test bodies. Taking advantage of this fact, the qBounce collaboration has developed a technique – gravity resonance spectroscopy (GRS) – to study bound quantum states of UCN in the gravity field of the Earth. This technique is used as a high-precision tool to search for hypothetical Non-Newtonian gravity on the micrometer scale. In the present article, we describe the recently commissioned Ramsey-type GRS setup, give an unambiguous proof of principle, and discuss possible measurements that will be performed.
Neutron spin rotation measurements
Authors: Sarsour M. , Amadio J. , Anderson E. , Barrón-Palos L. , Crawford B. , Crawford C. , Esposito D. , Fox W. , Francis I. , Fry J. , Gardiner H. , Haddock C. , Holly A. , Hoogerheide S.F. , Korsak K. , Lieers J. , Magers S. , Maldonado-Velázquez M. , Mayorov D. , Mumm H.P. , Nico J.S. , Okudaira T. , Paudel C. , Santra S. , Shimizu H.M. , Snow W.M. , Sprow A. , Steen K. , Swanson H.E. , Tôvesson F. , Vanderwerp J. , Yergeau P.A.
Published: December 2019

The neutron spin rotation (NSR) collaboration used parity-violating spin rotation of transversely polarized neutrons transmitted through a 0.5 m liquid helium target to constrain weak coupling constants between nucleons. While consistent with theoretical expectation, the upper limit set by this measurement on the rotation angle is limited by statistical uncertainties. The NSR collaboration is preparing a new measurement to improve this statistically-limited result by about an order of magnitude. In addition to using the new high-flux NG-C beam at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, the apparatus was upgraded to take advantage of the larger-area and more divergent NG-C beam. Significant improvements are also being made to the cryogenic design. Details of these improvements and readiness of the upgraded apparatus are presented. We also comment on how recent theoretical work combining effective field theory techniques with the 1/Nc expansion of QCD along with previous NN weak measurements can be used to make a prediction for dϕ/dz in 4He.

An experiment using the same apparatus with a room-temperature target was carried out at LANSCE to place limits on parity-conserving rotations from possible fifth-force interactions to complement previous studies. We sought this interaction using a slow neutron polarimeter that passed transversely polarized slow neutrons by unpolarized slabs of material arranged so that this interaction would tilt the plane of polarization and develop a component along the neutron momentum. The results of this measurement and its impact on the neutron-matter coupling gA2 from such an interaction are presented. The NSR collaboration is also preparing a new measurement that uses an upgraded version of the room-temperature target to be run on the NG-C beamline; and it is expected to constrain gA2 by at least two additional orders of magnitude for λc between 1 cm and 1 μm.
Statistical sensitivity of the nEDM apparatus at PSI to n − n′ oscillations
Authors: Abel C. , Ayres N.J. , Bison G. , Bodek K. , Bondar V. , Chiu P.-J. , Daum M. , Emmenegger S. , Flaux P. , Ferraris-Bouchez L. , Griffith W.C. , Grujić Z.D. , Hild N. , Kirch K. , Koss P.A. , Kozela A. , Krempel J. , Lauss B. , Lefort T. , Leredde A. , Mohanmurthy P. , Naviliat-Cuncic O. , Pais D. , Piegsa F.M. , Pignol G. , Rawlik M. , Rebreyend D. , Ries D. , Roccia S. , Rozpedzik D. , Schmidt-Wellenburg P. , Schnabel A. , Severijns N. , Thorne J. , Virot R. , Zejma J. , Zsigmond G.
Published: December 2019

The neutron and its hypothetical mirror counterpart, a sterile state degenerate in mass, could spontaneously mix in a process much faster than the neutron β-decay. Two groups have performed a series of experiments in search of neutron – mirror-neutron (n − n′) oscillations. They reported no evidence, thereby setting stringent limits on the oscillation time τnn′. Later, these data sets have been further analyzed by Berezhiani et al.(2009–2017), and signals, compatible with n − n′ oscillations in the presence of mirror magnetic fields, have been reported. The Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Collaboration based at the Paul Scherrer Institute performed a new series of experiments to further test these signals. In this paper, we describe and motivate our choice of run configurations with an optimal filling time of 29 s, storage times of 180 s and 380 s, and applied magnetic fields of 10 μT and 20 μT. The choice of these run configurations ensures a reliable overlap in settings with the previous efforts and also improves the sensitivity to test the signals. We also elaborate on the technique of normalizing the neutron counts, making such a counting experiment at the ultra-cold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institute possible. Furthermore, the magnetic field characterization to meet the requirements of this n − n′ oscillation search is demonstrated. Finally, we show that this effort has a statistical sensitivity to n − n′ oscillations comparable to the current leading constraints for B′ = 0.
New search for mirror neutron regeneration
Authors: Broussard L.J. , Bailey K.M. , Bailey W.B. , Barrow J.L. , Berry K. , Blose A. , Crawford C. , Debeer-Schmitt L. , Frost M. , Galindo-Uribarri A. , Gallmeier F.X. , Gilbert C.E. , Heilbronn L. , Iverson E.B. , Johnston A. , Kamyshkov Y. , Lewiz P. , Novikov I. , Penttilä S.I. , Vavra S. , Young A.R.
Published: December 2019

The possibility of relatively fast neutron oscillations into a mirror neutron state is not excluded experimentally when a mirror magnetic field is considered. Direct searches for the disappearance of neutrons into mirror neutrons in a controlled magnetic field have previously been performed using ultracold neutrons, with some anomalous results reported. We describe a technique using cold neutrons to perform a disappearance and regeneration search, which would allow us to unambiguously identify a possible oscillation signal. An experiment using the existing General Purpose-Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument at the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will have the sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space of prior ultracold neutron searches and confirm or refute previous claims of observation. This instrument can also conclusively test the validity of recently suggested oscillation-based explanations for the neutron lifetime anomaly.
Measurement of the angular distribution of prompt gamma-rays emitted in the 117Sn(n, γ) reaction for a T-violation search
Authors: Koga Jun , Takada Shusuke , Yoshioka Tamaki , Shimizu Hirohiko M. , Hirota Katsuya , Oi Norio , Yamamoto Tomoki , Ito Ikuya , Ishizaki Kohei , Endo Shunsuke , Sato Takumi , Kitaguchi Masaaki , Haddock Christopher C. , Okudaira Takuya , Sakai Kenji , Kimura Atsushi
Published: December 2019

It is theoretically suggested that the violation of charge conjugation and parity symmetry (CP-violation) could be enhanced in several compound nuclear reactions. According to the CPT theorem the violation of time-reversal symmetry (T-violation) would be enhanced too. The experimental sensitivity to find a T-violating effect in neutron-induced compound nuclear reactions depends on the value of a spin factor κ(J), which is a parameter specific for each nuclide. It can be determined from the angular dependence of γ-ray emission in (n,γ) reactions induced near a p-wave resonance. In this paper, the measurement result and the analysis status of experiments using the target nucleus 117Sn are reported.
Oscillating ultra-cold neutron spectrometer
Authors: Rozpedzik D. , Bodek K. , Lauss B. , Ries D. , Schmidt-Wellenburg P. , Zsigmond G.
Published: December 2019

The energy spectrum of ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) is very often a key point to determine the systematic effects in precision measurements utilizing UCN. The proposed novel method allows thein-situmeasurements of the UCN velocity distribution and its time evolution. In addition, the proposed UCN spectrometer can be a handy diagnostic tool for monitoring the UCN spectrum in critical places in the transport system connecting an UCN source with experiments. In this paper, we present the preliminary results from measurements and simulations using the oscillating UCN spectrometer at the PSI UCN source.
Integrated control performance of drive-by-wire independent drive electric vehicle
Authors: Yu Ling , Yuan Sunan
Published: December 2019

In order to improve the stability and safety of vehicles, it is necessary to control them. In this study, the integrated control method of drive-by-wire independent drive electric vehicle was studied. Firstly, the reference model of electric vehicle was established. Then, an integrated control method of acceleration slip regulation (ARS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) was designed for controlling the nonlinearity of tyre, and the simulation experiment was carried out under the environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results showed that the vehicle lost its stability when it was uncontrolled; under the control of a single DYC controller, r and β values got some control, but the vehicle stability was still low; under the integrated control of ARS+DYC, the vehicle stability was significantly improved; under the integrated control method, the overshoot, regulation time and steady-state error of the system were all small. Under the simulation of extreme conditions, the integrated control method also showed excellent performance, which suggested the method was reliable. The experimental results suggests the effectiveness of the integrated control method, which makes some contributions to the further research of the integrated control of electric vehicles.
Utilisation des psychédéliques en psychiatrie : lien avec les neurotrophines
Authors: Corne Rémi , Mongeau Raymond
Published: December 2019

Les psychédéliques, souvent appelés hallucinogènes, sont une classe de psychotropes très singulière. Les effets subjectifs et comportementaux qu’ils induisent sont très impressionnants, et malgré leur toxicité potentielle, le risque d’addiction est relativement faible par rapport à la nicotine, l’alcool ou les opiacés. Depuis la découverte des effets antidépresseurs de la kétamine, il existe un regain d’intérêt pour cette classe de molécules. En effet, la psilocybine et l’acide lysergique diéthylamide (LSD) gagnent de la popularité en tant que traitement pour la dépression et l’addiction, la 3,4-méthylènedioxyméthamphétamine (MDMA) pour l’état de stress post-traumatique, et l’ibogaïne pour l’addiction. Malgré des profils pharmacologiques distincts, ces différentes drogues partagent une cinétique d’action similaire : leurs effets thérapeutiques se font ressentir dans les heures suivant l’administration et perdurent au-delà de leur élimination par l’organisme. Ceci suggère des mécanismes plastiques et neurogéniques impliquant entre autres des facteurs trophiques. Cette revue explorera la littérature concernant les effets de ces différents composés sur les neurotrophines, ainsi que les adaptations plastiques qui sont mises en place dans les heures et jours suivant l’administration, afin de comprendre leur potentiel thérapeutique étonnant.
Potentialités thérapeutiques des neurostéroïdes en psychiatrie
Authors: Froger Nicolas
Published: December 2019

Les neurostéroïdes constituent une famille de molécules synthétisées par le cerveau, représentée par les hormones stéroïdes elles-mêmes, mais également par certains de leurs précurseurs et métabolites. Ils ont des propriétés neuroactives en stimulant des voies de signalisation non génomiques, spécifiques des neurones. Trois types de neurostéroïdes ont été identifiés selon les voies qu’ils activent, à savoir (i) les neurostéroïdes inhibiteurs, (ii) les neurostéroïdes excitateurs et (iii) les neurostéroïdes microtubulaires. Les neurostéroïdes inhibiteurs activent les récepteurs ionotropiques GABA-A, tandis que les neurostéroïdes excitateurs inhibent les courants GABAergiques et stimulent la neurotransmission glutamatergique (soit directement en activant les récepteurs NMDA, soit indirectementviala stimulation des récepteurs sigma-1). Enfin, les neurostéroïdes microtubulaires sont capables de se lier aux protéines associées aux microtubules, comme MAP2, pour favoriser la croissance des microtubules, etin finela plasticité neuronale. En regard de leurs actions pharmacologiques, certains neurostéroïdes ont fait l’objet d’études cliniques pour le traitement de maladies psychiatriques. C’est le cas de l’alloprégnanolone, le principal neurostéroïde inhibiteur, qui a montré une efficacité dans le traitement de la dépression dupost-partumet de l’anxiété. Contrairement à leurs dérivés sulfatés qui n’ont jamais été testés en clinique, la DHEA (déhydroépiandrostérone) et la prégnénolone ont montré des effets antidépresseurs et antipsychotiques. Cependant, la surproduction éventuelle d’hormones provoquée par leur métabolisation a conduit à développer des dérivés de synthèse non métabolisables. C’est le cas du composé MAP4343, un dérivé de la prégnénolone, qui a montré des effets de type antidépresseur dans différents modèles animaux. Il fait actuellement l’objet d’un développement clinique pour le traitement de la dépression.
Comparison Study on Hygric Performance of Bamboo Laminated Lumber and Bamboo Scrimber as Indoor Finishing in Hot-Humid Climate Region
Authors: Huang Zujian , Yimin Sun
Published: December 2019

Bamboo laminated lumber (BSB) and bamboo scrimber (BFB) are two most typical products in bamboo-based panel industry, which are widely used as building indoor finishing. The study aims to clarify the difference between BSB and BFB, in terms of the material property and the construction performance. Material tests including two items for basic properties and four for hygric properties were first carried out, and the results showed that under the influence of bamboo-based panel processing technology, BFB had significantly higher bulk density and lower open porosity, lower moisture storage as well as lower moisture transport properties than BSB. Based on the material parameters, exterior walls construction groups were set in the computer program WUFI Plus with a typical city in North America Hot-Humid climate region as external condition. The annual simulation of coupled heat and moisture process for the construction groups showed that BSB performed better in exhausting the moisture inside the construction, and strengthening the regulating effect on the indoor hygric environment. However, vapor barrier was suggested to be arranged in the upstream side of the moisture flow to avoid its hygric resistance disadvantage.
Construction of h-BN Based Coating Towards The Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabrics: Based on The Guidance of Mesoscopic Simulation
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Lai Dimeng , Yang Lizhong
Published: December 2019

The employment of nanofillers for the enhancement of flame retardant of cotton fabrics was limited by the weak adherency, which is usually deal with additional adhesive coating. This paper investigates the adhesive of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) from the mesoscopic perspective, illustrates the adhesive mechanism of PDMS basing on the three key features: the binging energy, the radial distribution function, and hydrogen bond. Furthermore, based on the mesoscopic feasibility analyze, h-BN as well as the adhesive agent PDMS/PDA coating was fabricated to obtain the flame retardant cotton fabric. Comparing the Scanning electron microscopy and ATR-FTIR demonstrated that the flame retardant coating was successfully constructed on the substrate. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter (cone) confirmed the enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. The mesoscopic simulation and thermal analyze experiment (Scanning electron microscopy,ATR-FTIR,TGA) show PDMS employs a favorable adhesion agent for obtaining the better distribution state of h-BN than that of PDA-connected sample, which is responsible for improving flame retardancy.
Analysis of room overpressure after launching an integrated extinguishing system
Authors: Hurda Lukáš , Matas Richard , Redmer Marek
Published: December 2019

The throttling of liquefied substances from high pressure vessels to an enclosed volume starting at atmospheric pressure is described in order to determine the thermodynamic state of gaseous contents of the extinguished room. A time dependent, 0D mathematical model is implemented describing the state inside the agent container, the isenthalpic throttling in the distribution system, agent vaporization and mixing with air. The agent is modelled as real gas, and solid–vapour two phase behaviour is approximated. Other influences on the process including the heat transfer from selected solid parts inside the room and the gas mixture leakage out of the room are taken into account. The main outcome is an MS Excel tool for the design optimization of integrated fire extinguishers. The optimization balances two contradictory requirements: volumetric concentration of the agent to sustain the fire extinguishing capabilities, and tolerable room overpressure. Agent fill weight and discharge time are adjusted. The discharge time is controlled by the distribution piping and design of the spray nozzles. System operation is checked with regards to various initial and boundary conditions.
Un panorama de la jeune recherche en sciences humaines et sociales sur l’eau. Retour sur trois éditions des « Doctoriales en sciences sociales de l’eau »
Authors: Barone Sylvain , Blanchon David , Destandau François
Published: December 2019

Entre 2014 et 2017, trois Doctoriales ont été l’occasion pour 84 doctorants en sciences humaines et sociales de présenter leur travail de thèse sur un objet commun : l’eau. À l’aide de ce matériau et d’une courte enquête complémentaire réalisée en 2017, cet article vise à analyser ce qu’est aujourd’hui la jeune recherche en sciences humaines et sociales sur l’eau. Principalement inscrites en géographie et en économie, ces thèses regroupent une douzaine de disciplines. Une grande variété d’approches et de méthodes sont observées, avec toutefois des spécificités disciplinaires : approche normative ou constructiviste, références plutôt anglo-saxonnes ou francophones, etc. Des tendances plus générales ont également pu être identifiées, comme une pratique répandue de la pluridisciplinarité et le souhait majoritaire, pour ces jeunes chercheuses et chercheurs, de rester dans le circuit académique après le doctorat.
Struktur der gastroenterologischen Abteilungen/Kliniken in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme durch eine Umfrage der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK)
Authors: Frieling Thomas , Behrens Angelika , Labenz Jochen , Leifeld Ludger , Madisch Ahmed , Schilling Dieter , Terjung Birgit , Wieland Esther
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfasung

Hintergrund Aufgrund der zunehmenden Ökonomisierung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen werden häufig kontroverse Gespräche mit den Geschäftsleitungen über angemessene Ressourcen- bzw. Personalzuteilungen auch in der stationären Gastroenterologie geführt.

Material und Methode Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK) führte von Anfang Februar bis Ende März 2019 eine Mitgliederbefragung durch. Dabei wurden von den 264 ordentlichen Mitgliedern (Stand Februar 2019) 217 Mitglieder mit gültigen E-Mail-Adressen angeschrieben. Zusätzlich wurde in der Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie im Februar- und März-Heft unter der Rubrik „Die ALGK informiert“ auf die Umfrage hingewiesen und über den Link https://www.surveymonkey.de/r/TFBFGMV um Beteiligung gebeten.

Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote betrug repräsentative 64 % (138 Mitglieder). 73 % der gastroenterologischen Abteilungen/Kliniken sind in Krankenhäusern mit 250–750 Betten aufgestellt, 71 % sind Krankenhäuser der Schwerpunkt- bzw. der Grund- und Regelversorgung. 80 % versorgen mehr als 2000 Patienten pro Jahr mit einer vergleichbar hohen Zahl ambulant behandelter Patienten. Es besteht eine große Heterogenität, da zwei Drittel der gastroenterologischen Abteilungen/Kliniken zusätzlich andere Fachbereiche vertreten. 46 % sind als Darmzentrum und 28 % als onkologisches Zentrum von der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft zertifiziert. Mehr als 70 % der Abteilungen/Kliniken führen 2000–6000 Endoskopien pro Jahr durch. Über 90 % führen die Endosonografie, das APC-Verfahren, die Mukosektomie bzw. OTSC und gastroenterologische Funktionsuntersuchungen durch. In 67 % bzw. 73 % hat sich die Assistentenzahl bzw. Oberarztzahl in den letzten Jahren erhöht. In nur 10 % werden Physician Assistants beschäftigt. 44 % führen eigene wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen durch, über 70 % sind an Multicenterstudien beteiligt. 80 % verfügen über einen mindestens 6-monatigen strukturierten Rotationsplan mit anderen Abteilungen.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Bestandsaufnahme dürfte für die zukünftigen fachlichen und politischen Diskussionen in der stationären Gastroenterologie, bei denen ja auch die ALGK maßgeblich beteiligt ist, von Relevanz sein.
New Strategy of Synthesis of Peramivir Analogues as Potential Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Authors: Bartolotta Roberta , La Rosa Concetta , Nava Donatella
Published: December 2019

Highly functionalised potential neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, analogues of peramivir, were synthesised via a new and versatile method starting from a stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between the nitrile oxide derived from 2-ethylbutanal and the commercially available and inexpensive cyclopentadiene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene, which afforded the isoxazolino-cyclopentene or cyclohexene intermediates, respectively. The subsequent reaction of the C=C bond in different conditions allowed the functionalisation of the five (or six) membered carbon nucleus. Further functionalised derivatives displaying an amino and a hydroxyl group were achieved via the final opening of the isoxazoline ring.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Singh Anil K. , Goel Deepak , Gaind Akash N. , Mittal Shireesh
Published: December 2019

Introduction Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is one of the recommended methods for providing enteral feeding in patients with swallowing difficulty and intact gastrointestinal tract. We review our three years of experience pertaining to PEG placement in our hospital.

Methods Records of all the patients, who underwent PEG between May 2014 to September 2017, were reviewed and relevant clinical and procedural details were noted. For all the patients, the procedure was conducted under antibiotic prophylaxis, moderate sedation, and local anesthesia. The PEG tube was placed by the “pull up” method. Telephonic follow-up of the patients was carried out after one month of study completion.

Results The PEG tube was placed in 73 patients (male 51 [69.9%]; age median [range] 67 [16–91] years). PEG was placed in 42 patients with stroke (57.6%), other neurologic disorders 17 (23.3%), coma due to head injury 5 (6.8%), and terminal malignancy 9 (12.3%). Technical success was achieved in 73 (97%) patients. Eleven procedure-related complications occurred in nine patients (15.5%) including one death due to peritonitis. Of the 57 patients, who could be followed-up after discharge, 41 died of their primary illness after 65 (1–751) days, nine were alive and continuing on PEG tube feed, and in seven PEG was removed because it was not needed.

Conclusion PEG is a useful procedure for enteral feeding. Although procedural success is high, it may be accompanied by significant complications.
Numerical simulation of spall in lead accounting for its occurrence in solid as well as liquid phases
Authors: Raevskiy Viktor A. , Ignatova Olga N. , Desyatnikova Maria A. , Zocher Marvin A.
Published: December 2019

The capabilities of a recently-developed continuum-level model developed for the purpose of predicting the evolution of spall, including the compaction of damaged material, and applicable to the formation of spall in the material that is fully solid as well as material that is locally liquid, are evaluated against empirical data for lead. The model accounts for inertial forces, elastoplastic constitutive behavior, viscosity, and surface tension. Predictions of spall layer thickness are shown to match the empirical data reasonably well.
Exploration of temperature dependent thermophysical characteristics of yield exhibiting non-Newtonian fluid flow under gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Naz Rahila , Shah Zahir , Kumam Poom , Thounthong Phatiphat
Published: December 2019

Mathematical analysis of the variable thermophysical features of the three-dimensional flow of a non-Newtonian yield manifesting liquid with heat and mass transport in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms over a nonlinear stretched surface is inspected in this exploration. The phenomenon of heat is presented in view of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity by engaging the traditional heat conduction law, whereas transport of mass is expressed by capitalizing Fick’s law with temperature dependent mass diffusion. The Buongiorno model is presented for capturing the involvement of Brownian motion and thermophoresis inspirations. Additionally, the chemical reaction is considered in the mass transport expression. Boundary layer theory is applied to develop the physical problem in the form of partial differential equations. Appropriate transformation is utilized to convert the developed problem into a dimensionless system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The transformed system is then handled analytically. The convergence analysis of the proposed scheme is presented through a table, which confirms the reliability of the suggested procedure. Moreover, the validity of the present solution and suggested scheme is presented and the limiting case of presented findings is in excellent agreement with the available literature. The computed solution of the physical variables against the influential parameters is presented through graphs. It is worth mentioning that mounting values of the fluid parameter and magnetic parameter retard the fluid flow.