bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic upscaling of decomposition kinetics for carbon cycling models
Authors: Chakrawal Arjun , Herrmann Anke M. , Koestel John , Jarsjö Jerker , Nunan Naoise , Kätterer Thomas , Manzoni Stefano
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The distribution of organic substrates and microorganisms in soils is spatially heterogeneous at the microscale. Most soil carbon cycling models do not account for this microscale heterogeneity, which may affect predictions of carbon (C) fluxes and stocks. In this study, we hypothesize that the mean respiration rate R‾ at the soil core scale (i) is affected by the microscale spatial heterogeneity of substrate and microorganisms and (ii) depends upon the degree of this heterogeneity. To theoretically assess the effect of spatial heterogeneities on R‾, we contrast heterogeneous conditions with isolated patches of substrate and microorganisms versus spatially homogeneous conditions equivalent to those assumed in most soil C models. Moreover, we distinguish between biophysical heterogeneity, defined as the nonuniform spatial distribution of substrate and microorganisms, and full heterogeneity, defined as the nonuniform spatial distribution of substrate quality (or accessibility) in addition to biophysical heterogeneity. Four common formulations for decomposition kinetics (linear, multiplicative, Michaelis–Menten, and inverse Michaelis–Menten) are considered in a coupled substrate–microbial biomass model valid at the microscale. We start with a 2-D domain characterized by a heterogeneous substrate distribution and numerically simulate organic matter dynamics in each cell in the domain. To interpret the mean behavior of this spatially explicit system, we propose an analytical scale transition approach in which microscale heterogeneities affect R‾ through the second-order spatial moments (spatial variances and covariances). The model assuming homogeneous conditions was not able to capture the mean behavior of the heterogeneous system because the second-order moments cause R‾ to be higher or lower than in the homogeneous system, depending on the sign of these moments. This effect of spatial heterogeneities appears in the upscaled nonlinear decomposition formulations, whereas the upscaled linear decomposition model deviates from homogeneous conditions only when substrate quality is heterogeneous. Thus, this study highlights the inadequacy of applying at the macroscale the same decomposition formulations valid at the microscale and proposes a scale transition approach as a way forward to capture microscale dynamics in core-scale models.
Space-time clustering of climate extremes amplify global climate impacts, leading to fat-tailed risk
Authors: Bonnafous Luc , Lall Upmanu
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We present evidence that the global juxtaposition of major assets relevant to the economy with the space and time expression of extreme floods or droughts leads to a much higher aggregate risk than would be expected by chance. Using a century long, globally gridded time series that indexes net water availability, we compute local occurrences of an extreme dry or wet condition for a specified duration and return period, every year. A global exposure index is then derived for major mining commodities, by weighting extreme event occurrence by local production exposed. We note significant spatial and temporal clustering of exposure leading to the potential for fat tail risk associated with investment portfolios and supply chains. The traditional approach of climate risk analysis only considers local or point extreme value analysis and hence does not account for this spatially and temporally clustered exposure. Consequently, the global economic implications of the past or future financial and social exposure are understated in current climate risk analyses.
Random Noise Attenuation of Sparker Seismic Oceanography Data with Machine Learning
Authors: Jun Hyunggu , Jou Hyeong-Tae , Kim Chung-Ho , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Han-Joon
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Seismic oceanography (SO) acquires water column reflections by seismic exploration compensating for the drawbacks of conventional physical oceanographic equipment. Most SO studies obtain data using air guns, which have relatively low-frequency bands. For higher-frequency bands at a low exploration cost, using a smaller seismic exploration system, such as a sparker source with a shorter receiver length, would be an alternative. However, the sparker source has a relatively low energy and consequently produces data with a low signal-to-noise (S / N) ratio. To solve the problem of the low S / N ratio of sparker SO data, we applied machine learning. The purpose of this study is to attenuate the random noise in the East Sea sparker SO data without distorting the true shape and amplitude of water column reflections. A denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) that successfully suppresses random noise in a natural image is adopted as the machine learning network architecture. One of the most important factors of machine learning is the generation of an appropriate training dataset. We have generated two different training datasets using synthetic and field data. Models trained with the different training datasets are applied to the test data, and the denoised results are quantitatively compared. The trained models are applied to the target seismic data, i.e., the East Sea sparker water column seismic reflection data, and the denoised seismic sections are evaluated. The results show that machine learning can successfully attenuate the random noise of sparker water column seismic reflection data.
Fundamental effect of vibrational mode on vortex-induced vibration in a brimmed diffuser for a wind turbine
Authors: Kim Taeyoung , Nagai Hiroto , Uda Nobuhide , Ohya Yuji
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A brimmed diffuser for a wind turbine, also known as a wind lens, is a ring-like short duct that is installed around a rotor. It gathers and accelerates wind to improve the power generation efficiency from the wind turbine, and this effect results from vortex shedding intentionally generated by the brim. However, periodic vortex shedding can induce a vibration in the wind lens structure, which could potentially harm it in the case where resonance occurs when the vortex shedding frequency corresponds to the natural frequency of the wind lens structure. In this study, we investigated the fundamental mechanism of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in the brimmed diffuser structure at the Reynolds number of 288. A 2D aeroelastic analysis was conducted, utilizing 2D computational fluid dynamics coupled with the equation of motion in modal space based on the 3D FEM analysis. The 2D aeroelastic analysis provided a reasonable estimation of the critical wind speeds for the actual VIV observed in the wind lens structure. Also, we clarified the vibrational modes critical to the VIV of the wind lens structure, which are the radial and rotational modes of the brimmed diffuser section. Both modes were accompanied by the circumferential bending oscillation of the support arms fixing the brimmed diffuser and were susceptible to the vortex shedding patterns.
Brief communication: A fast vortex-based smearing correction for the actuator line
Authors: Meyer Forsting Alexander R. , Pirrung Georg R. , Ramos-García Néstor
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The actuator line is a lifting line representation of aerodynamic surfaces in computational fluid dynamics applications but with non-singular
forces, which reduces the self-induced velocities at the line. The vortex-based correction by Meyer Forsting et al. (2019a)
recovers this missing induction and thus the intended lifting line behaviour of the actuator line. However, its computational cost exceeds that of
existing tip corrections and quickly grows with blade discretization. Here we present different methods for reducing its computational cost to the
level of existing corrections without jeopardizing the stability or accuracy of the original method. The cost is reduced by at least 98 %, whereas
the power is maximally affected by 0.8 % with respect to the original formulation. This accelerated smearing correction remains a dynamic
correction by modelling the variation in trailed vorticity over time. The correction is openly available (Meyer Forsting et al., 2019b).
Contributors' Notes
Authors: Kennedy Christopher
Published: March 2020

Contributors' Notes for Vol. 116
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Lee Kelvin
Published: March 2020

Journal of Biology and Life Science (JBLS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JBLS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 1Anbalagan Jaganathan, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, USABalaji Thas Moorthy, University of Miami, IndiaBratko Filipič, (CIETO), SloveniaChandra S Bathula, Louisiana State University, USADamir Suljevic, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDjallel Eddine Gherissi, Souk Ahars University, AlgeriaEric Aian Silva, Federal University of Sergipe, BrazilGeonyzl Lepiten Alviola, Davao Doctors College, PhlippinesJarod A Rollins, MDI Biological Laboratory, USAJeriels Matatula, Indonesian Silvicultural Community, IndonesiaJosé Max Barbosa de Oliveira Junior, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, BrazilKhyati Hitesh Shah, Stanford University, USAMeltem Sesli, Turkish Biotechnology, TurkeyMohsen Kerkeni, University of Monastir, TunisiaRagab A. El-Mergawi, National Research Centre, EgyptRajaa Ahmed Mahmoud, University of Basrah, IraqSridhar Mandali, UCLA, USAYuliana, Udayana University, Indonesia Kelvin LeeEditorial AssistantJournal of Biology and Life Science-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext.510Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail: jbls@macrothink.orgURL: http://jbls.macrothink.org
Disguise and Deception in Barnaby Rudge
Authors: Tsutsui Mizuki
Published: March 2020

Barnaby Rudge owes its unique status in Dickens's oeuvre to its elaborate handling of the theme of identity and disguise. Almost all characters in the novel are caught in inconsistencies between how one sees oneself and how one is seen by others: some deliberately conceal their true self by pretense or deception; others suffer false definition of their personalities imposed from outside by libel or malicious plot; there is also a group of people whose madness or blind vanity prevent them from seeing themselves as they really are. Even the main concern of the novel, the Gordon Riots, suffers from the same issue of identity discordance in the sense that its true nature is obfuscated by its outward religious pretext. From the opening murder mystery to the concluding paragraph about Grip, the problem of identity ambiguity and confusion pervades every corner of the novel, giving it both thematic and structural unification, and combining plots and characters otherwise quite disconnected.
EXTENSÃO RURAL PARA CONSERVAÇÃO DO SOLO NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Teixeira da Costa Sidney Anderson , Bezerra Alan Cézar , Silva Michelle Ferreira , Do Nascimento Antônio Henrique Cardoso , Pessoa Luiz Guilherme Medeiros
Published: March 2020

O solo é um dos recursos naturais mais importantes para a qualidade de vida do planeta, uma vez que está diretamente relacionado aos vários ciclos ambientais. Enquanto a agricultura, é uma das atividades indispensável à produção de alimentos para a população mundial e que depende da qualidade dos solos para sua manutenção. No entanto, algumas práticas e tecnologias utilizadas em alguns sistemas convencionais de produção agrícola impacta negativamente o meio ambiente. Um dos fatores que facilita a degradação do solo é a retirada sem controle da vegetação nativa da superfície do solo que possuem grau acentuado de declividade, para estabelecimento de áreas com cultivos agrícolas. Com isso, objetivou-se mostrar a importância da conservação do solo na agricultura familiar, bem como os problemas ambientais e sociais oriundos da sua degradação do solo. Nesse sentido, foram desenvolvidas oficinas, intervenções e materiais didáticos acerca do solo e meio ambiente com agricultores do munícipio de Santa Cruz da baixa Verde-Pernambuco. Essas atividades realizadas no decorrer do ano na comunidade, proporcionaram a construção e multiplicação de conhecimentos com os agricultores, reforçando assim que as metodologias de Extensão Rural são ferramentas eficazes para a sensibilização e discussão.
Responses in growth and dynamics of the shade-tolerant species Theobroma subincanum to logging gaps in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Lopes-Costa Nisângela-Severino , Da-Silva-Jardim Fernando-Cristovam , Macedo-Gomes Jaqueline , Silva-Dionisio Luiz-Fernandes , Schwartz Gustavo
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: To assess responses of the shade-tolerant species Theobroma subincanum in relation to canopy gaps created by reduced impact logging (RIL).Materials and methods: A managed forest in themunicipality ofMoju, Pará state,Brazil, harvested in 1997 through RIL was monitored during 12 years (1998-2010). Nine logging gaps were selected and classified in small, medium, and large. Four 10 m x 50 m strips starting from the gap’s border towards the forest and following the directions of cardinal points were installed. Each strip was divided in five 10 m x 10 m plots. Density, diameter distribution (DBH ≥ 5 cm with intervals = 5 cm), and diameter growth were measured.Main results: No significant changes in seedling density of T. subincanum were found, and its diameter distribution followed the reverse “J” shape during all monitoring time. T. subincanum presented diameter growth of 0.15 cm year-1 with highest Periodic Annual Increment in diameter up to three years, and stabilization in nine years after RIL. The species responded to a growth gradient inversely proportional to the gap’s border distance (p = 0.001) but not to gap size and plots direction in cardinal points around the gap.Research highlights: Shade-tolerant species such as T. subincanum have sensible and positive growth responses to disturbances caused by RIL even when seedlings received low amounts of indirect sunlight. These positive responses should be considered in the management of production forests.Keywords: Ecological group; forest management; diameter distribution; reduced impact logging (RIL).
Higher Education and Economic Growth of Nigeria: Evidence from Co-integration and Granger Causality Examination
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi , C.K. Nwangwa Kanalechi
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the level of co-integration between education and economic growth in Nigeria and the causality effect of education on economic growth. The study employs secondary form of data spanning from 2000 to 2018 and are sourced from UNESCO, World Bank and CBN statistical bulletin. The data are collected on GDP, education expenditure and gross enrolment ratio of higher education for the period under review. The study uses Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests for analysis and the findings show that education and economic growth in Nigeria have a long term co-integration while Granger causality test reveals that education and gross enrolment ratio of higher education are not affecting economic progress and the GDP is not influencing both of them too. The implication is that if Nigeria’s educational system continues the way it is presently, it will remain a long term problem and will continue to negatively affect economic growth. Other countries will be benefiting from modern technologies through improvement on their educational system, but Nigeria may not be at the same pace if immediate policy changes in favor of education are not embraced. Thus, the study suggests major improvement on government’s annual budgets for education in order to decrease the population of out-of-school children and increase the stock of skilled human capital in the country.
Surgical management of benign prostatic obstruction: 20-year population-level trends
Authors: LaBossiere Joseph , Wallis Christopher , Herschorn Sender , Carr Lesley , Saskin Refik , Nam Robert
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) due to histologic benign prostatic hyperplasia is highly prevalent among older men. Despite widespread use of medical therapy, surgical treatment remains a mainstay in the management of BPO. We sought to characterize trends in the surgical management of BPO in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We performed an interrupted time-series analysis using segmented regression among men aged 18 years and older undergoing surgical treatment for BPO between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2014 in Ontario, Canada. The passage of time was considered the primary exposure. The primary outcome was the proportion of all BPO surgeries performed using each of the following modalities: transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), endoscopic laser prostatectomy, open/laparoscopic prostatectomy, and others.

Results: We identified 136 459 men who underwent BPO surgery between 1994 and 2014. The annual age-adjusted rate of BPO surgery declined significantly over time (24 to 10 per 10 000 population in 1994 and 2014, respectively). From 1994 to 2001, there were no significant changes in the distribution of BPO surgical modalities with TURP, the most common throughout (97.2% and 97% in 1994 and 2001, respectively). From 2002 to 2014, there was a significant decline in the use of TURP (92.1% to 76.9%; p=0.027) with a corresponding increase in the use of endoscopic laser prostatectomy (3.5% to 21.9%; p=0.0008).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates a shift in the management of BPO, with increasing use of endoscopic laser prostatectomy, beginning in 2002. However, TURP remains the most common treatment modality.
Optimizing management of advanced urothelial carcinoma: A review of emerging therapies and biomarker-driven patient selection
Authors: Black Peter C. , Alimohamed Nimira S. , Berman David , Blais Normand , Eigl Bernhard , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Kassouf Wassim , Kulkarni Girish S. , Ong Michael , Spatz Alan , Sridhar Srikala S. , Stockley Tracy , Van der Kwast Theodorus , Hew Huong , Park-Wyllie Laura , North Scott C.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Advanced urothelial carcinoma has been challenging to treat due to limited treatment options, poor response rates, and poor long-term survival. New treatment options hold the promise of improved outcomes for these patients.

Methods: A multidisciplinary working group drafted a management algorithm for advanced urothelial carcinoma using “consensus development conference” methodology. A targeted literature search identified new and emerging treatments for inclusion in the management algorithm. Published clinical data were considered during the algorithm development process, as well as the risks and benefits of the treatment options. Biomarkers to guide patient selection in clinical trials for new treatments were incorporated into the algorithm.

Results: The advanced urothelial carcinoma management algorithm includes newly approved first-line anti- programmed death receptor-1 (PD1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapies, a newly approved anti- fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) therapy, and an emerging anti-Nectin 4 therapy, which have had encouraging results in phase 2 trials for secondline and third-line therapy, respectively. This algorithm also incorporates suggestions for biomarker testing of PD-L1 expression and FGFR gene alterations.

Conclusions: Newly approved and emerging therapies are starting to cover an unmet need for more treatment options, better response rates, and improved overall survival in advanced urothelial carcinoma. The management algorithm provides guidance on how to incorporate these new options, and their associated biomarkers, into clinical practice.
The occupational exposure and ventilation of welding workstations
Authors: Jankowski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Welding is a basic technology for joining metallic materials and plastics. The high occupational exposure of welders results from the presence of various harmful factors that accompany welding processes, including the emission of a mixture of fine particulates (dust) and chemical substances (gases) into the working environment. Mechanical ventilation is the main way to reduce the concentration of air pollutants in the areas where welding works are carried.
The article presents the characteristics of welding fumes, welding process parameters and methods of air distribution with ventilation devices and installations in rooms with welding workstations.
Portable stand used to visualize acoustic fields surrounding machines
Authors: Szczepański Grzegorz , Morzyński Leszek , Pleban Dariusz
Published: March 2020

Visualization of the parameters of acoustic field is a relatively new research technique that allows for illustrate the parameters characterizing the acoustic field for specific points of space near the machine. Images obtained in this way have many applications in the analysis of prototype devices, construction, as well as in the analysis of the acoustic field around industrial machines. The article presents the principles of operation of the mobile experimental setup. The results of studies of noise emission on the example of loudspeaker set and vacuum pump are also discussed.
The analysis of the state of OSH at the use of forklifts in Poland
Authors: Halusiak Sławomir
Published: March 2020

The increase of the number of forklifts is associated with the elevated threat of accidents and dangerous situations that should be systematically analyzed. On the occasion of the assessment, it is worth using accident ratios for given devices and dangerous situations. The article presents the results of research into the causes and effects of accidents at work of forklift trucks’ operators in 2011÷2017. The most serious accident occurred in the case of: loss of stability of the forklift truck at the bend, crush caused by the truck, impact by the truck’s load, impact by the truck itself. Most injuries arose in the case of: overturning when reversing the truck, overrunning employees’ leg, crush by the truck or its load, impact by the truck. The safety of work of the forklift trucks operators under full supervision has improved. Errors in the operation of trucks increased, which requires more frequent verification of operators' skills and the increase of their awareness of hazards.
Raportowanie społeczne – charakterystyka wybranych wskaźników według wytycznych Globalnej Inicjatywy Sprawozdawczej
Authors: Galwas-Grzeszkiewicz Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Wdrażanie zasad społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) staje się nieodzownym elementem działalności organizacji. Wraz ze wzrostem znaczenia koncepcji społecznej odpowiedzialności coraz istotniejsze staje się czytelne i porównywalne raportowanie niefinansowe. Artykuł ma za zadanie przedstawić wytyczne Globalnej Inicjatywy Sprawozdawczej (Global Reporting Initiative, GRI), włączając w to opublikowane w 2018 r. wytyczne i wskaźniki dotyczące raportowania społecznego w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i zdrowia w pracy w ramach GRI 403.
Bioética e residência em Medicina da Família e Comunidade
Authors: Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo , Simas Keith Bullia da Fonseca , Luzón Lourdes , Montenegro Stefania Salvador Pereira , Gomes Andréia Patrícia
Published: March 2020

A Residência Médica (RM) é considerada o padrão-ouro em termos da especialização médica no país. A bioética integra o rol de disciplinas obrigatórias para a formação em nível de RM, merecendo destaque pela (i) crescente complexidade do trabalho em saúde e (ii) incipiente abordagem dos problemas éticos na formação dos profissionais da saúde. Com base nestas considerações, foi desenhada a primeira “Oficina de Formação em Bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde”, para o Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Município do Rio de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), com o objetivo de fomentar o debate sobre os aspectos bioéticos da prática profissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde/Estratégia Saúde da Família (APS/ESF). O escopo do presente artigo é relatar a experiência e contribuir para as discussões sobre a necessária abordagem dos conflitos éticos para a excelência do cuidado em saúde na APS/ESF.
Beyond the “Hullabaloo” of the Vaccine “Debate”: Understanding Parents’ Assessment of Risks When Making Vaccine Decisions
Authors: Kolodziejski Lauren
Published: March 2020

To ascertain the risk assessments parents use when making vaccine decisions, I conducted semi-structured interviews with mothers of young children. Treating these interviews as texts, I rhetorically analyzed how parents talk about their chil­dren’s vaccination in order to better understand reasons for vaccine hesitancy. My analysis reveals that despite the difference in behavior between parents who vac­cinate and parents who hesitate, there is a commonality in discourse. Three topoi emerged within these mothers’ explanation of their vaccination decisions: percep­tions of diseases, perceptions of environmental threats, and assessment of their child’s vulnerability. Considering the common ground these topoi reflect, I explore possible alternative messaging about vaccines that might better encourage vaccine uptake. Ultimately, I argue a rhetorical approach to studying public and personal discourses about health issues can prove useful for identifying key topoi, which can generate communication strategies for addressing public concerns while potentially improving support for public health initiatives
A teologia de Puebla: lutas, ambiguidades e continuidades
Authors: Passos João Décio
Published: March 2020

A reflexão sobre a teologia de Puebla expõe duas tendências teológicas presentes na assembleia e no documento final. A primeira tendência de matriz clássica descansa sobre uma visão essencialista da realidade. A segunda se estrutura a partir da historicidade e tem sua elaboração final na categoria sinais dos tempos, consagrada pelo Concílio. A luta teológica tece como resultado o texto conclusivo de Puebla e expressa a luta pelo sentido do Vaticano II. Não obstante, essa luta hermenêutica, a recepção da III Conferência acontecerá em uma perspectiva histórica e libertadora em continuidade com a tradição consolidada da Conferência de Medellín. O contexto histórico atual constitui um pressuposto que reafirma a atualidade dos ensinamentos de Puebla. A reflexão parte das possibilidades históricas de realização de Puebla, verifica a luta interna pelos sentidos do Vaticano II e de Medellín ocorridas no interior do processo e conclui com a exposição das recepções da Conferência.
Identificação de vestígios de intolerância religiosa a partir da categoria de Rosto, de Emmanuel Levinas: estudo de caso em uma escola pública
Authors: Ferreira Adilson do Nascimento
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho buscou identificar traços de intolerância religiosa no espaço público escolar, com base na categoria de Rosto, extraída do pensamento de Emmanuel Levinas. Optou-se por uma pesquisa de campo, utilizando a metodologia investigação qualitativa de estudo de caso e como ferramenta de investigação a análise crítica do discurso, na corrente francesa, na visão de Dominique Maingueneau. O campo de pesquisa escolhido foi uma escola pública que oferta exclusivamente ensino médio, situada na periferia do Município de Belo Horizonte. A escola está localizada em uma região com índice elevado de vulnerabilidade social, de acordo com a pesquisa realizada pela Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, em parceria com o CRISP - UFMG que consolidou o índice de vulnerabilidade juvenil de Belo Horizonte (IVJ-BH/2015). O trabalho foi desenvolvido entre março de 2017 e fevereiro de 2019. A pesquisa envolveu revisão bibliográfica para compreender o pensamento de Emmanuel Levinas, a questão da intolerância religiosa e a corrente francesa da análise crítica do discurso. Concomitantemente à revisão bibliográfica, realizaram-se trabalhos de observação e coleta de dados no campo delimitado previamente, mediante entrevistas informais e semiestruturadas e aplicação de questionário. A pesquisa foi autorizada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), conforme registro CEP/CAAE: 91198918.6.0000.5137.
A religião como fundamento ético para os direitos humanos segundo o pensamento de John Finnis
Authors: Rio Laura Souza Pires do
Published: March 2020

A presente pesquisa propõe apresentar, pela primeira vez na área de conhecimento das Ciências da Religião, a análise do pensamento jusnaturalista de John Finnis acerca do aspecto humano da religião. Nas obras de sua autoria, Finnis apresenta uma reconstrução inovadora da teoria do direito natural de Aristóteles e Tomás de Aquino. Tal inovação foi publicada em 1980, sob a orientação de Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart, que foi seu mentor quando na conclusão de seu doutorado, sendo que este último lhe propôs o título da obra Natural Law and Natural Rights - Lei Natural e Direitos Naturais (LNDN) (2011a), o qual foi acolhido. A primeira publicação desta obra no Brasil ocorreu somente em 2007, pela editora Unisinos. Finnis enfatiza em suas obras a possibilidade de, por meio da razão prática, ser possível a identificação de sete bens humanos que ele mesmo os caracteriza como fundamentais básicos, dentre eles a Religião. Tais bens, segundo a sua compreensão acerca da teoria da lei natural de Aristóteles e Tomás de Aquino, consistem em valores inerentes ao ser humano, e, por assim o serem, são essenciais para o florescimento humano de cada indivíduo. Dessa forma, essa dissertação propõe-se a analisar como a teoria do direito natural de John Finnis colabora para pensar o lugar da religião no espaço público, no que condiz a sua ressignificação como fundamento ético para a formação dos direitos humanos. A análise será realizada mediante a leitura das obras do autor acerca deste tema, principalmente Natural Law & Natural Rights e Religion & Public Reasons. Como resultado geral, indica-se a necessidade de se fundamentar eticamente os direitos humanos sob a base dos bens humanos fundamentais básicos da teoria do direito natural de John Finnis. Sendo assim, fundamentando-se os Direitos Humanos na Religião, considerando-a de tal maneira, como bem fundamental básico, será possível pensar a importância do seu lugar na esfera pública. Como bem humano fundamental básico, a religião passa a ser entendida, segundo o autor determina, como essencial bem para o florescimento humano, assim como, para o bem comum da sociedade como um todo.
O curso eco design em sustentabilidade – Programa Gaia Education: análise sob a perspectiva do paradigma ecológico e da espiritualidade
Authors: Freitas Danielle Gomes de
Published: March 2020

Compreender a atual crise global pelo panorama ambiental requer reconhecimento, disposição e vontade para pensar e criar possibilidades de uma ação justa e em concordância com o paradigma ecológico, em prol da mudança desta realidade. Dentre várias ações em andamento a educação para a sustentabilidade acena com perspectivas reais e concretas. Esta pesquisa se insere no âmbito da investigação desta educação, e teve como objetivo identificar a espiritualidade e qual sua tipologia através da analise sob a perspectiva do paradigma ecológico e da espiritualidade, no curso Eco design em sustentabilidade do Programa Gaia Education realizado na Ecovila Terra Una/MG. O programa foi criado em 2005 pela Rede de Educadores Globais de Ecovilas para uma Terra Sustentável, passando a ser considerado complemento padrão pela ONU para a Década de Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável 2005\2014. Baseado na Pedagogia de Aprendizagem Vivencial, o Programa Gaia Education tem a finalidade de fornecer instrumentos\técnicas que possibilitem aos seus alunos aprender diferentes práticas sustentáveis, baseadas nas experiências comunitárias e nas relações que elas estabelecem com o ambiente, sendo rural ou urbano. A metodologia adotada consistiu na pesquisa bibliográfica de fontes primarias e secundárias dos materiais do curso e de obras de referencia na área da sustentabilidade e espiritualidade, no âmbito das Ciências da religião, da teologia, da educação, das ciências ambientais e sociais. Realizou-se a análise sistemática e hermenêutica dos discursos. Ao final da pesquisa, constatou-se a identificação da espiritualidade presente no curso, assim como outras perspectivas de praticas espirituais e de dialogo como referência para o desenvolvimento da educação para a sustentabilidade de forma integral. Palavras chave: Ecologia. Paradigma ecológico. Educação. Sustentabilidade. Espiritualidade. Gaia Education. Ciências da Religião.
How Much Independence is Necessary to Issue a European Arrest Warrant?
Authors: Niedernhuber Tanja
Published: March 2020

The competence for issuing a European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is a hot topic at the moment. It has been the subject of four rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) alone in 2019. These are preceded by three more rulings on the same subject from 2016. All of these judgments addressed the same core question: was the issuing authority a “judicial authority” and independent enough to issue an EAW pursuant to Art. 6 (1) of the Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States (FD-EAW)? If the answer to that question is “no”, the EAW issued by the incompetent authority is not valid. This article analyses the concept of “judicial authority” in the context of the FD-EAW and the legislative change currently discussed in Germany in the light of the requirements established by the CJEU.
Schadensberechnung bei fehlerhafter Sekundärmarktinformation
Authors: Rothermund Marius
Published: March 2020

The importance of information liability in capital markets law is increasing rapidly, as the recent lawsuits due to incorrect ad hoc disclosure (e.g. in connection with the emissions scandal) show. At the same time, numerous questions regarding the basics, as with regard to different types of damages, and details, in particular the type of concrete loss calculation, remain unresolved. The work deals with these and other practical topics concerning substantive and procedural law. Based on findings from information economics, and taking a comparative law perspective, a concept is developed for determining investor losses using financial economic calculation models. The study focuses on the goal of economic efficiency without losing sight of pragmatic solutions.
Persönliche Assistenz für Kinder mit Behinderungen
Authors: Conrad-Giese Maren
Published: March 2020

The participation opportunities of children with disabilities are rarely discussed. More often, social participation is linked to vocational and professional rehabilitation and therefore, mostly focused on the participation of adults with disabilities in the world of employment.

By contrast, this book deals with the participation of children with disabilities and specifically, with personal assistance as an individual support service. In recent years, it has entered the social discussion in the context of school inclusion. However, the need for personal assistance on the part of children with disabilities goes beyond the school context.

For this reason, the book initially explains what personal assistance is and which needs on the part of children with disabilities may exist in which areas of life. The work systematises whether and how these needs may be covered by regulations of the German legal system (e.g. by means of the law on rehabilitation and integration of people with disabilities, social law or school law) and which legal and/or actual limits children may encounter as assistants.

The fundamental changes for the law on rehabilitation and integration and the assistance service are discussed and evaluated.
Die Selbstanzeige von Unternehmensdelinquenz
Authors: Feil Thore
Published: March 2020

Sowohl rechtspraktisch als auch rechtspolitisch rückt das Nachtatverhalten von Unternehmen in den Fokus. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich die Arbeit mit der bisher kaum vertieft behandelten Frage der sanktionsrechtlichen Auswirkungen einer proaktiven Kooperation. Indem der Autor die Pflichtenlage der Geschäftsleitung darstellt und die bestehenden Anreizinstrumente ausführlich aus Unternehmensperspektive erörtert, erhalten Praktiker Hilfestellung beim Umgang mit intern aufgedeckten Compliance-Verstößen. Die Untersuchung der deliktsspezifischen Selbstanzeigemöglichkeiten sowie der allgemeinen Zumessungs- und Opportunitätsvorschriften offenbart zudem gesetzlichen Handlungsbedarf. Nach einem Seitenblick auf ausländische Jurisdiktionen untersucht der Autor daher verschiedene Reformentwürfe, wie etwa den Referentenentwurf eines Verbandssanktionengesetzes, auf ihre Anreizwirkung und unterbreitet schließlich einen eigenen Vorschlag für eine auf Unternehmen zugeschnittene Selbstanzeigeregelung.
Vom Fremddruck zur Selbstbeschränkung
Authors: Negócio Ramon
Published: March 2020

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Transformation des traditionellen Rechtsbegriffs und der Programmierung von Algorithmen am Beispiel von Facebook. Insbesondere das komplexe Verhältnis zwischen staatlichen Normen und technischen Praktiken und deren Lösungsmöglichkeiten durch die Selbstregulierung der Plattformen nicht zuletzt per AGB Kontrolle steht im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung.
Datenschutz bei der Digitalisierung der Mobilität
Authors: Sackmann Florian
Published: March 2020

Die Entwicklung zu einer „Mobilität 4.0“ hat großes Potential. Dem wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Mehrwert steht jedoch das steigende Risiko eines „gläsernen Menschen“ gegenüber, dessen tägliche Bewegungen nachvollziehbar werden. Auf dieses Risiko muss das Recht zeitnah zur technischen Entwicklung Antworten geben. Die Arbeit identifiziert zunächst in einer Realweltanalyse die besonderen Herausforderungen für den Schutz der Privatsphäre, die sich durch eine datengetriebene Mobilität stellen. Auf der Basis des geltenden Rechts werden Lösungsmöglichkeiten entwickelt und Defizite der geltenden Datenschutzordnung herausgearbeitet. Daraus wird schließlich der aktuelle legislative Handlungsbedarf ermittelt. Da die Mobilität als Querschnittsphänomen eine Vielzahl von Lebensbereichen betrifft, können die Erkenntnisse auch für andere Teilaspekte der Digitalisierung nutzbar gemacht werden.
Subjektive Voraussetzungen in zivilrechtlichen Rechtfertigungsgründen
Authors: Aicher Julian
Published: March 2020

Anders als im Strafrecht führt im Zivilrecht die Erörterung subjektiver Rechtfertigungselemente, verstanden als Voraussetzungen in der Person des Handelnden, ein Schattendasein. Wenn die Frage des „ob“ überhaupt gestellt wird, wird sie meist ohne nähere Begründung oder unter unreflektierter Übernahme der ganz herrschenden Sichtweise im Strafrecht bejaht. Nach dem genauen Inhalt subjektiver Rechtfertigungselemente wird noch weniger gefragt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung arbeitet das Erfordernis subjektiver Rechtfertigungselemente sowie deren etwaigen Inhalt für die zivilrechtliche Rechtfertigung auf. Sie befasst sich darüber hinaus mit subjektiven Voraussetzungen bei den weiteren Beteiligten, so etwa im Falle der rechtfertigenden Einwilligung mit der Einwilligungsfähigkeit und der Freiwilligkeit der Erklärung des Geschädigten sowie in Drei-Personen-Konstellationen mit dem übereinstimmenden Willen desjenigen, dem (durch Notwehr oder eine Notstandshandlung) geholfen wird.
Anscheinsbeweis und tatsächliche Vermutung im Ertragsteuerrecht
Authors: Anzinger Heribert M.
Published: March 2020

Die Rechtsprechung hat unter Berufung auf Anscheinsbeweis und tatsächliche Vermutung im Steuerrecht Regeln entwickelt, die, obgleich nicht aus dem Gesetz ableitbar, in der Praxis wie gesetzliche Normen angewendet werden.
Das Werk entwickelt ausgehend vom zivilrechtlichen Verständnis über das Steuerrecht hinausreichende allgemeine Prinzipien für den Anscheinsbeweis und die tatsächliche Vermutung und geht der Bedeutung subjektiver Tatsachenmerkmale im Steuerrecht nach. Systematisch wird die Rolle des Anscheinsbeweises und der tatsächlichen Vermutung in der Rechtsprechung zu Liebhaberei und gewerblichem Grundstückshandel untersucht.
Die Untersuchung schließt mit Vorschlägen für die rationale Anwendung des Anscheinsbeweises und der tatsächlichen Vermutung im Steuerrecht und empfiehlt den Anscheinsbeweis als Brücke zwischen Rationalität und Praktikabilität in einem engen Anwendungsbereich als Methode zur vorhersehbaren und vereinfachten Anwendung des Steuerrechts.
Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Albert-Hensel-Preis 2006, dem Hans-Flick-Ehrenpreis 2006 und dem Förderpreis der Nürnberger Steuergespräche e.V. ausgezeichnet.
Kommunalrecht
Authors: Engels Andreas , Krausnick Daniel
Published: March 2020

Das Kommunalrecht zählt zum Pflichtstoff beider juristischer Staatsexamina. Daher behandelt das Lehrbuch das Rechtsgebiet in seiner ganzen Breite. Erörtert werden nicht nur die länderübergreifenden Gemeinsamkeiten des Kommunalrechts, sondern vielmehr auch die spezifischen Einzelheiten im jeweiligen Landesrecht. Den Ausgangspunkt der Ausführungen bilden die Gemeinden. Besonderheiten der Kreise und anderer kommunaler Organisationsformen werden ebenfalls aufgezeigt. Schwerpunkte sind dabei die Stellung der Gemeinden im bundesstaatlichen Gefüge, das Kommunalverfassungsrecht, die Rechte und Pflichten von Bürgern und Einwohnern sowie das Kommunalwirtschaftsrecht.
Die 2. Auflage geht auf die jüngsten Kommunalreformen etwa in den Bereichen Bürgerbegehren und kommunale Wirtschaftsbetätigung ein. Kommunalrechtlich bedeutsame Entscheidungen etwa zum Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Gemeinden durch das BVerfG werden aufbereitet, ferner zur Zulässigkeit kommunaler Bürgerbegehren, zur Bewältigung des politischen Meinungskampfs auf kommunaler Ebene im Wahlkampf und zur Durchsetzung des Neutralitätsgebots sowie zur Benutzung kommunaler Einrichtungen.
Neben der eingängigen sprachlichen Darstellung dienen ausformulierte Fallbeispiele sowie Wiederholungs- und Vertiefungsfragen der Veranschaulichung und erleichtern das Verständnis für Rechtsfragen des Kommunalrechts.
Emotional Eating and Obesity
Authors: Jáuregui-Lobera Ignacio , Montes-Martínez Marian
Published: March 2020

The first time that terms such as food addiction and addictive eating were mentioned was in 1956, in an article by T.G. Randolph. Recently, from a psychosomatic point of view, some authors have linked obesity and food addiction. Along with the concept of food addiction (derived from the similarities between the consumption of certain foods and “substance addictions”), a couple of questions seem to arise: What if it’s not just the particular food (the substance) that we are addicted to? Could it be that we are addicted to something else that makes us eat it? Thus, the concept of eating addiction has its own set of particulars. It brings the attention back to the individual and not the external substance (the food or ingredient). The focus on confronting the obesity problem should be moved away from the food itself (the addictive substance) to the person’s act of eating (the addictive behavior). Undoubtedly, there are many links between emotions and overweight/obesity. This chapter aims to review the current state of this field of study which is the emotional basis of obesity (at least a particular case of obesity and weight-related disorders).
The Darwin Is in the Details
Authors: Gurvitch Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

Electronics can be defined as electromagnetic technology dealing with information, and meta-electronics as a field encompassing all the synergistic technologies in which electronics plays a dominant role. Examining the broad field corresponding to this definition we realize that its history starts some seventy years earlier than the customarily accepted birth of electronics, and, what is more significant, that electronics undergoes a true evolution. This new evolution creates rich, diverse structures similar to those created by the biological evolution. Like biology, electronics is non-teleological, which allows for its unlimited evolutionary development. We propose electronic analogies of all essential biological categories, at all levels: population, speciation, common ancestor, phenotype, extended phenotype, co-evolution, convergent evolution, evolutionary arms race, extinction and mass extinction, hierarchical levels, generative entrenchment, genes, alleles, genome, genetic pool, recombination, mutation, genetic drift, lateral gene transfer, etc. The evolutionary algorithm operating in electronics, like a Darwinian one, includes variation within a population of device models, heredity, natural (market) selection, and a form of selection based on aesthetics and fashion which resembles sexual selection. Algorithm is especially similar to artificial selection (domestication), thus possessing directionality in the variational part. Electronic development is orders of magnitude faster than biological, accelerated by that directionality and by other distinct, identifiable mechanisms. Speciation in electronics, as in biology, is best represented on a phylogenetic tree, which starts from a common ancestor (electric telegraph), but lately exhibits a unification trend. If continued, this trend may lead to the appearance of a common descendant absent in biology. Our analysis may explain emerging anti-social aspects of electronics and our conclusions add new urgency to recent concerns with unchecked development of Artificial Intelligence.
Corpus religiosum. La question des marques corporelles dans le christianisme latin
Authors: Albert Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2020

La recherche de marques corporelles en contexte chrétien (ici réduit au seul christianisme latin) offre un panorama contrasté. Les modalités de l’inscription de l’identité religieuse dans le corps laissent presque entièrement de côté le domaine, pourtant fourni à l’échelle des religions du monde, de marquages rituels intentionnels (mutilations, tatouages, etc.). Les ancrages corporels d’un habitus chrétien offrent une plus large moisson, s’agissant en particulier des pratiques concernant les seuls spécialistes ou virtuoses religieux, avec les aspects ascétiques et pénitentiels de l’excellence dévotionnelle. La rubrique la mieux pourvue est celle de marques supposées d’origine surnaturelle, dont l’exemple le plus typique est la stigmatisation. L’étude essaie de comprendre cette situation en la mettant en relation avec les spécificités de la théologie chrétienne, tout en prenant en compte leur rencontre avec des déterminants anthropologiques généraux du religieux.
Se détatouer : furtivité identitaire ou vivacité corporelle ?
Authors: Andrieu Bernard
Published: March 2020

Le détatouage pourrait être compris comme un effacement : effacer son passé pourrait être le moyen de recommencer à zéro, de retrouver une peau d’origine et de donner un sens nouveau à sa peau. Si le sel a pu être utilisé sans succès, les nouvelles techniques font l’objet d’évaluation et d’évolution.

Mais les techniques d’effacement sont si invasives et comportent de telles séquelles que le détatouage apparait bien comme un désengagement assumé et risqué : tant du point de vue de l’état de la peau détatouée, qui ne revient jamais à l’état de page blanche sur laquelle on pourrait réécrire immédiatement, que du point de vue physiologique qui voudrait renouveler l’âge de la peau.

Nous démontrons qu’il n’y a pas un arrangement avec sa peau mais un « agenrement » à opérer pour redonner un style et un genre à un corps déconsidéré par ce qui serait maintenant un défaut à éliminer.