bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of chronic rheumatic heart disease diagnosis at the present stage
Authors: Santalova G. V. , Lebedev P. A. , Garanin A. A. , Kuzin M. E.
Published: September 2021

The review refl ects modern data on the epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease in Russia and the world at present, as well as the dynamics of the prevalence of these diseases over the past decades. Much attention is paid to the issues of modern diagnostics of these conditions by physical, laboratory and instrumental methods. The focus is on the Jones criteria in the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in accordance with their revision by the American Heart Association experts in 2015. Taking into account the fact that damage to the valvular apparatus of the heart in acute rheumatic fever is the main disabling outcome of carditis at the present stage, a special place in the article is devoted to the discussion of echocardiographic criteria for valvulitis. The recommendations of the International Expert Council of the World Heart Federation aimed at detecting chronic rheumatic heart disease in patients without a history of acute rheumatic fever diagnosed by ultrasound imaging are also given. Criteria for pathological aortic and mitral regurgitation are presented. The authors believe that extrapolation of modern principles of ultrasound diagnostics of chronic rheumatic heart disease in Russia and their use as screening programs in young people and adolescents will contribute to its early detection and timely selection of patients for secondary prevention of benzathine with benzylpenicillin.
Complex correction of metabolic changes and endothelial dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease and eff ort angina of functional class II
Authors: Dzugkoev S. G. , Garmash O. Yu. , Dzugkoevа F. S. , Margieva O. I. , Mozhaeva I. V.
Published: September 2021

Objective: to study the role of free radical processes, disturbances in nitric oxide homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism in the formation of endothelial disorders in patients with chronic heart disease (CHD) with eff ort angina pectoris functional class II (FC); to substantiate the complex correction of disorders. Material and methods. The study included 75 patients with coronary artery disease and eff ort angina FC II at the age of 50.1 ± 10 years old in the course of a year. The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1st group — control, 2nd group — data obtained on the background of basic therapy; 3rd group — basic therapy + atorvastatin; 4th group — a combination of basic therapy with atorvastatin and coenzyme Q10. In all patients, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the activity of the antioxidant system, the content of NO metabolites and cholesterol metabolism were determined. To assess the functional state of the heart, an ECG study, daily ECG monitoring with the use of the Microvit MT-101 Holter system and blood pressure were performed. Results. The data showed the development of oxidative stress, inhibition of AOD cells and a decrease in the NO metabolites content and impairment of its bioavailability due to atherogenic changes in the vascular wall. Metabolic changes were accompanied by hypertension, ECG changes and anginal attacks. Combined therapy with atorvastatin and coenzyme Q10 against the background of basic therapy caused a positive dynamics of metabolic and functional disorders. Conclusion. The results of complex therapy with an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and coenzyme Q10 proved the effi cacy of the infl uence on oxidation-reduction reactions, endothelial function, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and functional parameters of the heart.
Pseudomembranous colitis after COVID-19 antibacterial therapy
Authors: Skuratova M. A. , Lebedev P. A. , Larina Т. V. , Sokolov A. P. , Voishcheva E. A. , Dulin P. A.
Published: September 2021

A new coronavirus infection poses a challenge to infectious disease specialists, health care administrators, and subspecialty physicians in the search for the most eff ective treatment options. The past year has allowed us to clarify the main aspects of pathogenesis with a focus on the most severe versions of the COVID-19 course. Most signifi cant is to understand that the severe course is associated with prolonged viremia and T-cell lymphocyte defi ciency leading to activation of innate immunity, manifested by a burst of macrophage activity known as the “cytokine storm”. This inadequate response is a major factor in both pulmonary and multiple organ failure. Fever, pulmonary infi ltrates with leukocytosis and neutrophilia are traditionally perceived by doctors as indications for antibiotic therapy, which is nevertheless erroneous in the absence of signs of bacterial infection. We present a case that illustrates the severe course of pseudomembranous colitis and secondary myocarditis in an elderly woman with comorbid pathology and massive antibiotic therapy received during hospitalization for COVID-19.
Reforms сarried out by Paul I and military medicine at the turn of the century
Authors: Kryukov E. V. , Simonenko V. B. , Abashin V. G.
Published: September 2021

The article represents data during the rule of Paul I, his military reforms, the creation of military camps and the construction of station hospitals. The role of Paul I in the establishment of the Medicosurgical Academies and the construction of the Moscow Military Hospital is shown.
Hemocoagulation study in various patients over a period of 50 years. Part 2
Authors: Bokarev I. N.
Published: September 2021

.
Розробка методу швидкого пошуку цифрового зображення у сховищах даних
Authors: Смеляков К.С. , Сандркін Д.Л. , Товчиречко Д.О. , Вакулік Є.В. , Дроб Є.М.
Published: September 2021

На основі аналізу моделей і принципів роботи сучасних пошукових сервісів, пов'язаних з порівнянням і пошуком зображень, в статті запропоновано шаблон зображення кратної довжини, ефективний алгоритм порівняння шаблонів двох зображень і оцінювання міри схожості цих зображень, модель зберігання і пошуку зображень на основі використання шаблонів, метод швидкого пошуку зображення у сховищі, на основі використання шаблону. З урахуванням запропонованої моделі зображення, інваріантної до найбільш поширених перетворень зображень, запропоновані моделі і методи в комплексі дозволяють ефективно вирішити проблему пошуку зображень у сховищі великих даних по критеріях точності і часу. З урахуванням можливих трансформацій і дублювання зображень, наявності великої кількості схожих зображень і проблем великих даних. На основі використання запропонованих моделей і методів розроблено сервіс пошуку зображень по зображенню. За допомогою цього сервісу поставлена серія більш ніж з 1000 пошукових експериментів у сховищі, де знаходиться більше 100000 зображень. В результаті була підтверджена ефективність запропонованого методу за критеріями точності і швидкості пошуку.
Factors that Influence FinTech Adoption in South Africa: A Study of Consumer Behaviour towards Branchless Mobile Banking
Authors: Slazus Barbara Jeanne , Bick Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

The widespread use of mobile phones and growth in internet penetration has created a unique opportunity to increase access to financial services. Financial Technology (FinTech) companies and mobile banking (m-banking) empower customers to use digital platforms to utilise financial services without the physical access requirements of traditional banking. This has led to the rise of FinTech firms that are disrupting traditional industry standards by servicing consumers through a range of digital channels and mobile devices. A new completely branchless bank, Bank Zero, is set to launch in South Africa in 2020 to exploit these opportunities. This consumer behavioural study focuses on analysing FinTech adoption in the South African market. An adapted mixed-method approach was used to identify the enabling and inhibiting factors that motivate consumers to adopt or reject m-banking. Qualitative research was initially conducted via in-depth interviews with 7 respondents. The most salient factors identified in the literature review were tested, and the results were used to develop a quantitative, online questionnaire. A convenience sample of 217 valid responses was collected, and the data was analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The EFA identified 6 influencing factors: four enabling and two inhibiting factors. The enabling factors that positively influenced FinTech adoption were: Utility, Socio-Economic Influencers, Mobile Device Trust and Youth. The two inhibiting factors were: Perceived Risks and Associated Costs. Interestingly, 74% of the 217 respondents indicated that they would join a completely branchless bank, using only their mobile phones and the internet to access banking services, showing a high propensity to branchless, m-banking. Finally, the Enhancement Criteria Model based on insights gained from the research findings, is proposed. This model provides recommendation criteria for existing and new FinTech providers who are looking to improve their business models. JEL Codes: D18, G40 Keywords: FinTech, mobile banking, m-banking, branchless banking, consumer behaviour, South Africa
Do Low-Income Students Have Equal Access to Effective Teachers?
Authors: Isenberg Eric , Max Jeffrey , Gleason Philip , Deutsch Jonah
Published: September 2021

We examine access to effective teachers for low-income students in 26 geographically dispersed school districts over a 5-year period. We measure teacher effectiveness using a value-added model that accounts for measurement error in prior test scores and peer effects. Differences between the average value added of teachers of high- and low-income students are 0.005 standard deviations in English/language arts and 0.004 standard deviations in math. Differences between teachers of Black, Hispanic, and White students are also small. Rearranging teachers to obtain perfect equity would do little to narrow the sizable student achievement gap between low- and high-income students. We also show that a higher proportion of novice teachers in high-poverty schools contributes negligibly to differences in access to effective teachers.
On some new sharp embedding theorems in area Nevanlinna spaces and related problems
Authors: Shamoyan Romi
Published: September 2021

We provide some new sharp embedding theorems for analytic area Nevanlinna spaces in the unit disk extending some previously known assertions in various directions.
Обратная задача для интегро-дифференциального уравнения с обобщенным оператором Уизема высокой степени
Authors: Yuldashev Tursun , Bolbekov S.
Published: September 2021

Изучены вопросы разрешимости и определения неизвестного коэффициента в обратной задаче для одного интегро-дифференциального уравнения в частных производных с многомерным обобщенным оператором Уизема высокой степени. С помощью выражения дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных высокого порядка через суперпозицию дифференциальных операторов в частных производных первого порядка представлено рассматриваемое уравнение высшего порядка как обыкновенное интегро-дифференциальное уравнение, описывающее изменение неизвестной функции вдоль характеристик. Доказана однозначная разрешимость прямой задачи методом последовательных приближений. Получена оценка сходимости итерационного процесса Пикара. Определение неизвестного коэффициента сведено к решению интегрального уравнения Вольтерра первого рода.
Study of ice composites reinforced by nanosized alumina fibers using nuclear magnetic resonance methods
Authors:   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Morozov E.V. , Voronin A.S. ,   Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Kniga S.V. ,   Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Bouznik V.M. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials
Published: September 2021

The aqueous suspensions of nanosized alumina fibers and ice composite materials based on them were studied using Pulsed-Field Gradient NMR and Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods. It is shown that the introduction of nanofibers does not lead to noticeable structural effects in suspensions in the concentration range of 1 - 10 wt. % Al2O3. It was found that a high concentration of filler significantly changes the morphology and texture of the ice matrix in composites: it becomes more homogeneous, with a high degree of continuity; when the melting front passes through, internal regions of thawing or failure of the integrity of the composite are not visualized. Yet the introduction of nanofibers into ice composites has a weak effect on the quantitative dynamics of heat transfer processes, making the rate of freezing/thawing front propagation to be similar in different samples at comparable temperatures of the process.
FEMINICÍDIO E A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE POLICIAIS CIVIS NA BAHIA: QUESTÕES E REFLEXÕES
Authors: Araujo dos Santos Adriana , Santos Lima Pereira Marilene
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresentará alguns conceitos importantes para a compreensão da pesquisa realizada. O estudo teve como objetivo compreender o fenômeno do feminicídio a partir de estudo da percepção dos profissionais da Polícia Civil lotados em delegacias de Salvador. Para tanto foram utilizados questionários com os profissionais de segurança pública que trabalhavam nas duas delegacias tomadas como lócus da pesquisa. A ideia era a partir do questionário, ter uma visão e posteriormente fazer o mapeamento das percepções dos policiais civis acerca do fenômeno do feminicídio. O estudo foi guiado pela pesquisa quanti-qualitativa. Foi eleita essa metodologia com base nas demandas apresentadas pela própria pesquisa ao longo do estudo dos dados e da própria escrita do relatório da dissertação.
“Bay Lazarescu'nun Ölümü” Filminin Sağlık Hakkı Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZBEK GÜVEN Gamze , YILMAZ Şerife
Published: September 2021

Dünya genelinde sağlık standartlarının mümkün olan en iyi seviyede tutulması, en önemli sosyal amaçtır. Çünkü sağlık hakkı, en temel insan haklarından biridir. Ulusal ve uluslararası birçok belge ve bildirge ile de teminat altına alınmıştır. Din, dil, ırk, politik görüş, inanç, ekonomik veya sosyal durum ayrımı olmaksızın, tüm insanların bu temel hakka ulaşabilmesi önemlidir. Devletlerin, sağlık hakkı kapsamında, toplumun tüm üyelerinin erişebileceği sağlık hizmetlerini sağlama yükümlülüğünü bulunmaktadır. Sağlık hakkı, devletler tarafından güvence altına alınırken, sağlık çalışanlarına da sorumluluklar yükler. Sağlık personellerinin, sağlık hakkı ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde, bu sorumlulukların bilinci ile davranmaları etik açıdan önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, “Bay Lazarescu'nun Ölümü” (The Death of Mr. Lazarescu) filmi sağlık hakkı ve bu hakka erişim bağlamında incelenmiştir. Film, sağlık hakkı kapsamında sağlık hizmetlerinin ulaşılabilirliği ile ilgili düşünsel bir süreç yaşatmaktadır. “Bir insanın sağlık hizmeti alması bu kadar zor olmamalı” dedirten film, sağlık hakkına erişim konusunda yaşanan sorunlara ve sağlık sistemlerine ayna tutmaktadır. Bu nedenle filmin sağlık personelinin etik eğitimlerinde ders materyali olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.
Estimating Milk Production in Ardahan Province with ARIMA (Box-Jenkins) Model
Authors: EŞTÜRK Özlem
Published: September 2021

Economy of Ardahan province on a large scale depends on stock farming since a significant part of the population is employed in the livestock sector. For this reason, milk and dairy products have an important place in Ardahan's economy. The increasing demand for milk in Turkey and in the World brings the issue of sustainability of milk supply. Therefore, it is important to estimate the proceeding course of milk production to adapt increasing milk demand and to determine effective policies. In the study, Ardahan province milk production data was obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) for the period of 1995-2019 in order to estimate the milk production. Box-Jenkin’s methodology was used to predict milk production of Ardahan province for the years of 2020-2025. A suitable ARIMA (0,0,1) model was proposed to forecast estimate milk production of Ardahan province. According to this model, the milk production in Ardahan province was estimated as 414, 439 and 557 thousand tons in 2020, 2021 2025, respectively.
Michel Foucault’da İktidar ve Güç
Authors: APALI Yasemin
Published: September 2021

Michel Foucault’nun düşünce merkezinin odak noktasını teşkil eden iktidar kavramını özgür birey ya da özneler çerçevesinde tartışması; aslında iktidar ve özgür bir şekilde eylemde bulunan bireyleri ilgilendiren diğer kavramları da merkeze alan yaklaşımı, modern dönem için oldukça farklı bir bakış açısını bizlere sunmaktadır. İktidar ve özne arasındaki ilişkiyi özellikle bilgi ve güç ekseninde ele alan Foucault; iktidarın bilgiden beslenerek gücünü ortaya koyduğunu belirtir. İnsanların birbirleriyle olan karşılıklı ilişkileri neticesinde ortaya çıkan iktidarın bireyler üzerinde bir tahakküm kurma aracı olarak görülmesinin ardından postmodern dönemde iktidarın söyleminin değişiklik göstermesi; gücün de fiziksel boyuttan çıkıp farklı bir versiyona bürünmesine neden olmuştur. Postmodern dönem ve enformasyon döneminde iktidarın beslendiği en önemli kaynak olan bilginin söylemlerde hakikat olarak yerini almasını iktidarın işleyiş serüveni çerçevesinde dile getiren Michel Foucault’un iktidar ve güç kavramlarını analiz etmek bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
Comparing apples and oranges in priming of attentional selection?
Authors: Kristjansson Arni
Published: September 2021

Priming of attentional selection involves speeded selection of task-relevant visual search items when search stimuli remain constant from one search to the next. In the literature, diverse attentional priming effects have often been assumed to reflect the same mechanisms. Priming effects in various different paradigms (from lower-level to higher-level features) have been used interchangeably to study the nature of priming, even when tasks differ vastly in difficulty and neural mechanisms involved. Another view is that priming is a characteristic of all perceptual mechanisms, that operate at different processing levels. Here, this issue was addressed by contrasting time courses and relative sizes of priming effects for repetition of a lower-level and higher-level feature (colour vs. facial expression). Attentional priming was tested in two odd-one-out search tasks, one involving discrimination, the other a present/absent judgment. The main research question was whether the sizes and temporal profiles of priming for the two features would be similar or not. Firstly, the sizes of the priming effects were very different for colour and expression and secondly, colour priming effects lasted for much longer than expression priming, as measured with memory kernel analyses, suggesting that the mechanics behind the effects differ. These two forms of priming should therefore only be compared with great caution. Generally, the results suggest that priming occurs at many levels of processing and can take many forms. This view is highly consistent with research on the neural mechanisms of priming. Attentional priming should be thought of as a general principle of perceptual processing.
Mindfulness and Connection Training During Preservice Teacher Education Reduces Early Career Teacher Attrition Four Years Later
Authors: Hirshberg Matthew James , Flook Lisa , Sundaram-Stukel Reka , Davidson Richard
Published: September 2021

Early career teacher attrition disrupts school continuity, precludes many of those who leave from achieving expertise, and drains economic resources from school systems. In a longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial (k=8, n=98), we examined the impact of a nine-week meditation-based intervention on undergraduate preservice teachers’ rates of attrition from teaching approximately four years later. The odds of attrition among intervention group participants three years into their teaching careers were significantly reduced by at least 77.0% regardless of modeling approach (Odds ratios=0.13–0.23, ps≤.013) compared to teacher education as usual controls. In benefit-cost analyses, we estimated that for every $1 spent on the intervention, hiring districts saved $3.43 in replacement teacher costs. Additional research is required to replicate the core finding of reduced attrition and understand the pathways through which the intervention caused these reductions.
How to Use Music Therapy in the Application of Guidance and Counseling Services?
Authors: Jati Paula
Published: September 2021

This research will talk about the understanding, benefits, and the use of music in our life, especially in guidance and counseling. The study conducted using the method of literature study on the role of the music in counseling. The research resulted positive, that music can help the process in trauma healing and overcome the problems faced by the client by helping them to be more relaxed and focused on the main points of the problem. Music therapy is recommended for wider use as a technique in counseling
Human values: A cognitive perspective
Authors: Sznycer Daniel
Published: September 2021

Things afford positive, neutral, or negative long-run effects on the replicative probability of the focal individual’s genes. At the most general level, values are internal estimates of those effects. Value information steers physiology and behavior in the right direction: approach apple, avoid lion. Thus, value computation is of paramount biological importance. Task analysis suggests there are many prerequisites for valuing things aptly. Here, I focus on two: the need to compute value accurately, and the need to properly feed and integrate value information into the various systems that use value information (e.g., emotion). For example, the subjective food value imputed to an apple needs to reflect the nutrient content of the apple (accuracy); the intensity of gratitude aroused if someone gave you an apple needs to reflect the food value imputed to the apple (integration). Here, I evaluate these hypotheses with two preregistered studies. Consistent with the integration hypothesis, there are close correspondences between (i) the food values that participants impute to each of 40 food items (Study 1; goods) and (ii) the social values and the social emotions (including: gratitude, anger, shame, and pride) that result when those food items occur as constituents of broader social events. Similar correspondences are observed when participants evaluate each of 28 diseases and injuries (Study 2; bads). Consistent with the accuracy hypothesis, exploratory analyses indicate that the food values, the social values, and the social emotions elicited by the food items all track the nutrient content of those food items. Valuation is inherently a computational process. For this reason, a cognitive perspective is distinctively suited to spur progress in our understanding of human values.
Medical Students’ Perception Regarding E- Learning during Covid-19 Lockdown Period
Authors: Manandhar Pratibha , Manandhar Naresh , Joshi Sunil Kumar
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Due to Covid-19 lockdown period undergraduate medical institutions across the country are moving towards e-learning for continuity of education. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of students towards e-learning and to analyze medical students’ perception on e-learning vs. conventional learning.

Materials and Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted by distributing an online semi-structured questionnaire consisting Likert scale to undergraduate medical students of Kathmandu Medical College. Data assembled from the survey were analyzed and Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 24 version software was used for data analysis.

Result: A total of 273 students were enrolled in this study. Most of the students, 83.9% (229) had the perception that conventional teaching method was the best method for learning as compared to e-learning method 16.1% (44). The students mentioned that conventional method of learning is more effective to increase knowledge than e -learning (M= 3.87, M= 2.80) which was statistically significant (p=0.000).

Conclusion: E-learning was the only option for students to study during lockdown period. But students preferred conventional method of learning as compared to e-learning. It might be due to some disadvantages of e-learning, eg. Technical difficulties, lack of interaction with teacher  and patients, etc. So, these measures have to be addressed for improving e-learning for betterment of teaching-learning activity during these types of circumstances in future.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Prevention and Control of COVID-19 among Nurses of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Paudel Radha , Shrestha Sarita , Gurung Laxmi
Published: September 2021

Background: COVID-19 has become a global health threat and the disease burden is expected to increase more. Nurses are the front lines of COVID management. Because this work requires close personal exposure to patients with COVID-19, nurses are at high risk of infection, contributing to further spread. Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices can influence the prevention and control of pandemic. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19 among nurses.

 

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out among 141 nurses from the central hospital, Kathmandu. A purposive sampling technique was used and the data collection date was June 5 to July 20, 2020. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

 

Results: The study showed that 60.3% of the participants had good knowledge, 53.2% of them had acceptable practice and a cent percent (100%) of them had a positive attitude on the preventive and control measures against COVID-19. More than 3/4th (75.8%) of them were agreed to handle the COVID-19 outbreak confidently in their healthcare setup. Although, 85.8% of participants were worried that they and their family members will probably get infected with COVID-19 while working in the hospital. However, 39% of them were feeling isolated by their community, and relatives due to their profession.

 

Conclusions: Nurses have good knowledge, a positive attitude, and acceptable practice about prevention and control of COVID-19. However, the level of some knowledge and practice was still lower than that expected. 

 

 

Keywords: Attitude; COVID; Knowledge; nurses; prevention and control; practice
Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss during and After Caesarean Section: A Case control Study
Authors: Sinha Kavita , Pandey Subhash , Khadka Dipendra
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The incidence of caesarean section is increasing day by day. One of the most common complications is primary or secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Tranexamic acid has been shown to be very useful in reducing blood loss and incidence of blood transfusion in varieties of surgery.
Aims: To study the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during and after the lower segment caesarean section.
Methods: Arandomized, case controlled, prospective study was conducted on 100 women undergoing lower segment caesarean section carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from Sept 2019 to Feb 2020.Fifty of them were given tranexamic acid immediately before lower segment caesarean section and were compared with 50 others to whom tranexamic acid was not given. Blood loss was collected and measured during two different time interval. The first period was considered from placental delivery to end of lower segment caesarean section and second from the end of lower segment caesarean section to 2 hours postpartum period. Vital signs at time of delivery, at 1 hour and 2 hour postpartum and APGAR score at 1 min and 5 min were studied in both the groups.
Results: Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the quantity of blood loss from the placental delivery to 2 hours post-partum: 360.9 ml in the study group, versus 443 ml in the control group (p=0.0008).It also significantly reduced the quantity of blood loss from the end of  lower segment caesarean section to 2 hours postpartum:71.5 ml in the study group versus 112.6 ml in the control group (p=0.0002).There was 18% less incidence of postpartum haemorrhage , who received tranexamic acid(p=0.02).There were no significant adverse drug reaction and difference in APGAR score in both the groups. No complications or side effects were reported in either group.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid is safe and effective in reducing blood loss among women undergoing lower segment caesarean section.
Role of Cortical Mastoidectomy in the Management of Safe Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Verma Lok Ram , Paudel Dhundi Raj
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Role of cortical mastoidectomy in tympanoplasty for Chronic Otitis Media Mucosal inactive disease is controversial. Some arguments are in favor and suggest that cortical mastoidectomy increases the air reservoir in the mastoid and also help in achieving the patency of aditus but others believe that the ingrowths of squamous epithelium, potential for injury to the inner ear structures and facial nerve during mastoid surgery outweighs the beneficial effects on tympanic membrane healing.
Aims: To assess the hearing improvement and graft uptake in patients undergoing Tympanoplasty and Tympano-mastoidectomy in chronic otitis media mucosal inactive disease.
Methods: This was a comparative study comprises of 50 patients with Chronic Otitis Media Mucosal inactive ear, conducted in the patients attending the department of ENT in NGMC teaching hospital from Nov 2017 to May 2019. All cases were operated during a period of one half year. 25 patients were selected for tympanoplasty (Group A) and 25 patients were selected for Tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy (Group B).
Results: There were 14(28%) male and 36(72%) female, with mean age of 28. 36 years, ranging from minimum of 13 years to maximum 56 years. The postoperative audiograms were recorded after 3 months. Type I tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy has better graft uptake (96%) as compared to without mastoidectomy (84%). Post-operative hearing improvement is almost equal in tympano-mastoidectomy (13.24 dB) and tympanoplasty (13.04 dB).
Conclusion: Post-operative hearing gain almost equal in both study group but graft uptake was better with tympano-mastoidectomy then tympanoplasty alone in present study.
Comparison of Tramadol with Combination of Tramadol and Ketorolac for Post Cesarean Section Analgesia
Authors: Regmi Nabin Kumar , Jahan Kamar , Rai Purnima , Bhandari Ankur
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Effective post-operative analgesia is mandatory following cesarean section (CS), as parturients need to recover quickly to breast feed and provide care for their newborns. Till date no single drug has been able to achieve this goal. Multimodal analgesia with opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) combination has shown promising results. 
Aims: To compare the analgesic efficacy, patient satisfaction and maternal adverse effects, between intravenous (IV) tramadol and multimodal analgesia with IV tramadol and IV ketorolac combination for post cesarean section analgesia.
Methods: This is a prospective, randomized and single-blinded comparative study, conducted in 60 parturients who underwent Lower Segment Cesarian Section. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (IV Tramadol 50 mg given 8 hourly) and Group 2 (IV Tramadol 50 mg + IV Ketorolac 30 mg given 8 hourly). IV Promethazine was given with each dose of tramadol in both groups.
Results: The (Visual analogue scale) VAS scores were significantly low in IV tramadol + IV ketrolac group than with IV tramadol alone group at 2 hours and 12 hours with p value of 0.003 and 0.08 respectively. Rescue analgesia was significantly reduced in group 2 (p value 0.005). Patient satisfaction was good in group 2 and fair in group 1(p value 0.002). No maternal side effects were found.
Conclusion: IV tramadol and IV ketorolac combination used for post cesarean section analgesia significantly decreases post-operative pain, need of rescue analgesia and significantly increases patient satisfaction in comparison to IV tramadol alone.
Socio Demographic Profile and Risperidone Response in New Versus Old Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Belbase Mohan , Adhikari Jyoti
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized with disorganized thinking, perception, expression of reality with significant social and occupational dysfunction. Two groups of drugs are in recent use namely first generation (typicals) and second generation (atypical) antipsychotics. Risperidone is a broad spectrum antipsychotic and has a role as a first-line agent for first break, mild to moderately ill patients and for severely ill treatment–refractory patients.
Aims: This article tries to compare the risperidone response in newly diagnosed schizophrenia patients versus old patients already on some antipsychotics other than risperidone.
Methods: This is an experimental intervention study of patients attending to psychiatry OPD and indoor in Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur. Total 40 patients (27 new and 13 old) were selected and sample was collected in one year from January 2018 till December 2018. Positive and negative syndrome scale questionnaire was used to record the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia on baseline (week 0). Patients were followed up on week 4 and week 8 and the same positive and negative syndrome scale questionnaire was applied to record the improvement. Risperidone was given in therapeutic dose (4-8mg) on the basis of symptoms and improvement.
Results: The study subjects were divided into new N=27 (17 male and 10 female) and old N=13 (7 male and 6 female). Maximum number of schizophrenia cases were in age group 15-25 and 35-44 years comprising 30 % in each group. Mean total duration of illness in new group was 23.89 ± 29.51 months (median being 12.0 months) while in old group it was 123.69 ± 83.34 months (median being 96.0 months) with significant difference between two groups (p= <0.001).The mean risperidone dose in milligram on base line (week 0) was 4.15 ±  0.55 for old group while it was 4.04 ± 0.52 for new group. On week 4, the mean dose for old group was 5.08 ± 0.95 while for the new group it was 4.81 ± 1.08. On week 8, the dose for old group was 6.08 ± 1.32 while it was 5.15 ± 1.35 for new group. There was a significant difference in the drug dose on week 8 between old group and new group with p value of 0.047 (statistically significant). 
Conclusion: Our study suggests that schizophrenia is found in most productive age group. Risperidone is  effective in both new and old schizophrenia patients however old patients need higher dose of risperidone than new patients.
My Understanding of Manuj Babu and his Art
Authors: Subedi Abhi
Published: September 2021

Manuj Babu Mishra (1936-2018) was a modern artist who is mainly known for his paintings and his drawings. Nepali art critic Narayan Bahadur Singh as early as 1976 mentioned about his multiple skills in art. But Mishra was also one of those painters who ushered in an era of modern consciousness shared equally by painters and poets. His contemporaries some of whom are still painting though on a smaller scale, made experiments with their arts in modernist style. An era of distorting forms, breaking the fine figurality and using flatness by shunning the illusion of three dimensional shapes rather than representative forms was seen in Nepali modernist paintings too. Manuj Babu Mishra adopted a method of using figurality in paintings that used semi surrealistic and abstract paintings. Mishra was trained in Dhaka of the then East Pakistan in the late sixties of the last century. Despite his political statements occasionally, he was basically an artist. He was a peaceful man behind the hurricanes of hard times he created. He was also a portraitist who believed that the portrait of a person is also the portrait of the world outside him or her. He had said that to me when he was drawing my portrait.
Identités sociomatérielles et création d’histoires plurilingues et numériques
Authors: Forte Magali
Published: September 2021

In the context of this special issue offering new materialist viewpoints in the field of language education, a sociomaterial perspective allows me to question an anthropocentric definition of learners’ and teachers’ identities in a school context. Looking at two moments of plurilingual and digital story production that occurred in an elementary school located in a major city in British Columbia, I trace the trajectories of sociomaterial agencements which involved learners, languages, spaces, researchers and other materials. I adopt a post-qualitative inquiry stance and go back and forth between concepts from posthumanist, new materialist, Deleuzo-Guattarian and Indigenous perspectives and narrative descriptions, screenshots and other figures. Thinking with theories, I follow unpredictable lines of flight which lead to the rhizoanalysis of two moments lived in a French immersion classroom, and I invite readers to come up with their own questions and to take part in the inquiry process. The following concepts – spatial repertoires, agencements, body materiality, excesses and flows of affect – demand that we widen our gaze in research and in practice so that we can better understand the dynamic identity agencements that gather diverse human and material elements.
A group-based chronic pain intervention using the Unlearn Your Pain method: A retrospective one-arm cohort study
Authors: Holens Pamela L. , Rock Liana , Buhler Jeremiah , Southall Martine , Imbrogno Luigi , Desorcy-Nantel Catherine , Romaniuk Alyssa
Published: September 2021

LAY SUMMARY

Chronic pain is a frequent occurrence in military and Veteran populations. This study examined whether a group-based chronic pain treatment using the Unlearn Your Pain method was effective in reducing chronic pain in 21 military and Veteran participants. Participants completed measures of pain before and after engaging in the treatment, and results showed participants experienced large reductions in total pain and pain-related catastrophizing and moderate reductions in pain-related disability and pain-related fear of movement after completing the treatment. A smaller group of the participants completed the measures again eight weeks after completing treatment, and the size of their improvements was even greater. This study offers preliminary support for the use of the Unlearn Your Pain method as offered in a group format to military and Veteran populations. Further study is warranted.
The Role of Women’s Organizations towards the Development of the Idea of University
Authors: SİRADZE Tamar , DOBORJGİNİDZE Dali
Published: September 2021

Since the Russian Revolution of 1905, the great wave of formation of various types of women’s organizations took a massive scale. At the beginning of 20th century, the first higher educational courses were opened for women in the Caucasus. Significant educational activities were conducted by the following organizations established by and for women: “Georgian Women’s Charity Organization”, “Commission of Tbilisi Women’s Circle”, “Georgian Women’s Society”, “School for Poor Girls”, “Society of Education”, “Society of Knowledge”, “Georgian Unity of Equality for Women”, etc. Hitherto existing charity and educational activities were enriched with the women rights’ problems. Women’s organizations appeared not only in the capital city but the provinces as well. The process strengthened with participation of not only Georgian but women of other nationalities too. The first formalized organizations were functioning as committees, unities, circles or commissions, mostly temporarily. However, they contributed much to the nation’s further educational and cultural development, culminating in the opening of the first university in Georgia in 1918. The aim of the present paper is to trace the process of the formation of the idea of University in Georgia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, beginning from Ilia Chavchavadze’s invaluable contribution towards the national revival through women’s significant role up to the final foundation of the Tbilisi State University in 1917 and opening it in 1918
Calculation of the optimal parameters of corrective elements in induction acceleration systems
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Pantalienko L.
Published: September 2021

The formulations of a number of optimization problems for a linear induction acceleration system with respect to the adjustment parameters are considered. The dynamics of the transverse motion of electrons in the horizontal plane is investigated in the presence of given energy values for each resonator period: the particles at the initial moment of time are somewhat displaced relative to the accelerator axis (we neglect the displacements of the ends of the solenoids and the centers of the accelerating gaps relative to the accelerator axis). A connection is established between the initial and final coordinates and the components of the momentum. The presence of parasitic electric and magnetic fields arising as a result of the displacement of particles relative to the axis of the accelerator, which change the transverse components of the pulses, is taken into account. For the mathematical formulation of problems, in order to apply algorithms of practical stability, the original difference model of the induction system was converted to a linear form. By introducing into consideration the vector of parameters, the scatter of phase coordinates, and tolerances on the parameters, the problem of calculating the tolerances for given linear constraints on the scatter of phase coordinates for the corresponding inhomogeneous system is formulated. For the case of nonlinear dynamic constraints on the spread of the vector of phase coordinates, it is proposed to approximate a convex closed set by tangent hyperplanes. Numerical estimation of the range of tolerances for the parameters of correcting elements is reduced to the problems of practical stability of discrete parametric systems. In this case, the region of the initial conditions on the state vector, the tolerances on the parameters, are given structurally in the form of an ellipsoid, which makes it possible to numerically solve the original problem as an extremal one. From the standpoint of practical stability in the corresponding space of functions, the problem of assessing the range of tolerances for the parameters of correcting elements in the presence of specified restrictions on the spread of the quality criterion is considered. Attention is focused on an important class of problems of numerical modelling of a linear induction acceleration system − problems of practical stability. Numerical estimation of the region of initial displacements of the transverse coordinates of the linear induction acceleration system in the given structures in the presence of linear constraints on the vector of phase coordinates in dynamics is carried out. Key words: modeling, induction system of acceleration, solenoid, parameters, elements of correction, optimization, stability
Features of arc discharges and erosion phenomena
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mrachkovskyi A. , Solovei O. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Low-voltage electrical appliances play an important role in ensuring the control of energy processes, protection and switching of electrical circuits. Problems that occur in low-voltage electrical devices at rated currents of 32 - 1000 A, relate to electrical contacts that determine the operation of electrical devices. The main contribution to the development of erosion of the working surface is made by an electric arc, which is formed in the inter-contact gap when opening electrical contacts. In world practice, existing solutions to increase the arc resistance of electrical contacts do not completely solve the problem of reducing erosion of their work surface. The use of additional devices in arc suppression systems leads to an increase in the size of electrical devices. The use of expensive and toxic elements in the compositions leads to an increase in the cost of electrical appliances and poisoning of the environment. Strengthening the composition of the contacts through the use of refractory elements leads to an increase in the transient resistance. The aim of the study was to substantiate and develop the main provisions of the theory of processes and phenomena that occur on the work surface and in the electrode areas of electrical contacts, and to create compositions of high arc contact compositions for switching electrical devices. The theory of the mechanism of movement of arc reference points on the working surface of electrical contacts is substantiated and the factors providing increased arc resistance due to thermoemission properties of contact composition compositions that control diffusion, migration and phase transformations during chemical reactions are obtained. It has been experimentally established and theoretically confirmed that electric erosion is mainly determined by the microstructure of the material and the change in the physical and mechanical properties of the ingredients on the working surface of the contact parts during current switching. Key words: anode, cathode, erosion, contact wear, working surface, arc column, arc resistance, transient resistance
Three new species of Coccophagus Westwood from Tamaulipas, Mexico (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: Myartseva S.N.
Published: September 2021

Three new species of Coccophagus from Mexico, state of Tamaulipas are described: C. bimaculatus sp. n., C. propodealis sp. n. and C. ruizi sp. n.
Your “Eyesore,” My History?
Authors: Senior Kate , Chenhall Richard , Daniels Daphne
Published: September 2021

In this article we visit a car junkyard in the small Arnhem Land outstation of Nalawan in the top end of Australia’s Northern Territory. Using both a mobilities paradigm and recent theorizing of waste from the global south, we will argue through our ethnographic observations that the wrecked cars become mobile, reassembled, and reconceptualized in a range of surprising ways. Though now immobile, the stories they encapsulate continue to circulate and reverberate with the complexities and tensions of Indigenous mobilities.
The Freeway Journey
Authors: Mohr John E.
Published: September 2021

The I-85 highway corridor through the American South has emerged as a key artery for the global auto industry over the last three decades. An influx of foreign capital has transformed the region into one of the world’s prime automobile manufacturing hubs. The easy mobility offered by I-85 and its tributary networks has been central to the economic and social transformation of the region. However, there are distinct limits and costs to this transformation that are frequently downplayed in the name of a technologically utopian approach to development. The I-85 corridor has facilitated the development of the auto industry in the American South, but it has also contributed greatly to the increasing capitalist exploitation of its people.