bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Web App for Pneumonia Detection using Flask and VGG16
Authors: Dr. Mrunal Pathak  , Suvidh Bhurat  , Prathamesh Pawar  , Rohan Bhosale
Published: May 2022

Today in the medical field lot of complications have arrived in this fields. The reason is that the human body has innumerable parts. As the people are become advanced day by day and they move towards automation for their comfort. The machines have become smarter due to high computation power. The machines have become accurate as the data is available in large quantity. Therefore machines are essential for human work. Decisions taken by machines are more reliable than man. So, here we try to build machine learning model to detect pneumonia. The pneumonia is detected using examine of chest X-Ray radiograph by highly-trained specialists. The result can be different according to different radiologists. Examining chest X-Ray requires high precision. Covid-19 can cause Pneumonia. Pneumonia is a disease that affects the lungs. We aim at designing a highly efficient system to predict a user suffers from Pneumonia by analyzing the patient’s chest X-ray images and increasing the accuracy of the system by use of CNN.
Varicose Veins Patient Monitoring and Automated Treatment
Authors: Reshma S  , Senthil Kumar V  , Varsha V
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a home based automated temporary treatment for patient healthcare to be made easier. The proposed system consists of a wearable device, detection sensors, and coin motor. Varicose veins are veins that are twisted and bulging. Varicose veins can form near the surface of the skin (superficial veins). Varicose veins most commonly affect the veins in the legs. This is because standing and walking increase the pressure in the veins of the lower body. In this project, a rehabilitation monitoring and exercise device. 5+1 thermistors are used where the former is for the lower body and the latter is for the upper body to keep track of the temperature. Comparing the temperatures of the lower body as well as the upper body and with the detection of force in the legs will activate the motor to give in the exercise to subtle pain and the block of blood in the nerves. The signal acquired from the thermistors and force motor is processed by Arduino using ZigBee for varicose pain detection. When the system was running, it was able to identify a three-degree difference in force and temperature and successfully install the coin motor. Patients will be able to receive rapid temporary therapy and will not have to hurry to hospitals if the rehabilitation system is implemented.
Regional aviation for local development in the context of public funds investment
Authors: Chabiera Stefan
Published: May 2022

This article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of public support for the sustainable development of local communities. It contains a review of the literature on aviation relationships with local development and business models of regional carriers. Research includes a case study and a comparative analysis of this type of support in the EU environment. Therefore, the collected data came from own research and information provided by the European Commission. The research question posed in the paper concerns the legitimacy and efficiency of this type of support in the context of the legal framework, case study and statistical European analyses. The results make it possible to draw conclusions with respect to reporting such public services, average costs, as well as differences in interpretations of state aid legislation in this area. The key contribution of the paper to the scholarly literature is efficiency assessment for this type of support and identification of weaknesses in the data published by the European Commission on PSO. The summary presents recommendations for decision-makers and potential directions for further research.
Effect of backward walking training on foot posture and balance in flat foot adults
Authors: Saleh Marwa S. , Elimy Doaa A. , Ibrahim Amal H. , Moharam Ashraf N.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Flat foot changes the posture of the foot and affects dynamic balance. Backward walking is a novelty in rehabilitative clinic; it improves strength and balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backward walking training on foot posture and dynamic balance in flat foot subjects.

Methods

Overall, 44 participants with bilateral mobile flat foot, aged 19–35 years, were randomly assigned to 2 equal groups. Group A received backward walking training 3 times/week for 6 weeks, in addition to traditional physical therapy exercises. Group B received traditional physical therapy exercises only, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. Before and after treatment, foot posture was assessed with the Foot Posture Index and balance was evaluated with the HUMAC Balance System through the Limits of Stability test.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in the Foot Posture Index and a significant increase of the Limits of Stability in both groups after treatment compared with the pre-treatment status (p < 0.001). Comparison between the groups after treatment showed a significant decrease in the Foot Posture Index in group A compared with group B (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in the Limits of Stability in group A compared with group B (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Backward walking training as an addition to physical therapy exercises of flat foot can improve foot posture and enhance balance in comparison with physical therapy exercises alone.
PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE FIELD OF FOREST RELATIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONSTITUENT CONTETIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE
Authors: Куплевацкий С.В. , Платонов Е.П.
Published: May 2022

Затронуты проблемы учета и сохранности земель лесного фонда на примере реализации федерального закона от 29.07.2017 г. № 280-ФЗ, получившего название закон о лесной амнистии. Исследования выполнялись в субъектах Российской Федерации, входящих в Уральский федеральный округ (УрФО). Установлено, что на территории округа имеют место многочисленные участки наложения земель различного назначения. Указанные участки условно можно распределить на три группы. В первую входят участки пересечения (наложения) земель лесного фонда с землями сельскохозяйственного назначения. Во вторую группу вошли участки с наложением на лесной фонд земель промышленности и в третью – с наложением земель населенных пунктов. Практика применения закона о лесной амнистии на участках указанных групп существенно различается. Особую сложность представляют участки лесного фонда, переведенные без согласования с Рослесхозом в земли поселений. Их возврат в лесной фонд связан с необходимостью отмены генеральных планов развития населенных пунктов, что может вызвать социальную напряженность, поскольку на указанных землях нередко уже возведены жилые помещения.

The article is touched upon the problems of accounting and preservation of forest lands on the example of the implementation of the Federal Law of 29.07.2017 № 280-ФЗ called «The Forest Amnesty Law». Studies were carried out in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the Ural Federal District (UrFD). It was established that on the territory of the district there are numerous areas of overlapping lands for various perposes. These areas can be conditionally divided into three groups. The fi rst includes the area of intersection (overlapping) of forest fund land with agricultural land. The second group included plots with industrial lands overlapping and the third plots with lands of settlements overlapping. The practice of the law on forest amnesty applying in the areas of these groups differs signifi cantly. Particular diffi culty is represented by forest fund plots transferred without agreement with Rosleskhos to the lands of seltelments. Their return to the forest fund is associated with the need to canceal master plans for the development of Settlements, which can Cause social tensilon, since residential premises are often erected on these lands.
Prediction of early recurrencies of uterine body cancer based on monitoring of serum biological markers
Authors: Kovalenko N. V. , Verenikina E. V. , Maksimov A. Yu. , Gladkikh O. N. , Demidova A. A. , Domashenko E. V.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this work was to optimize the prognosis of early recurrences of uterine cancer by searching for informative laboratory biomarkers. The study included 343 patients with I-IV stages FIGO endometrial adenocarcinoma the ages of 53 and 76 years. In patients before surgery, as well as 3 and 6 months after the end of primary treatment, the concentration of oncological markers CA-125, HE4, DJ-1, DKK-1 was determined in blood serum by ELISA and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We analyzed the predictive informativeness of monitoring markers to assess the risk of early recurrences of cancer within two years after surgery. In patients with uterine cancer with the stage of the disease and the degree of tumor differentiation in the blood serum, the concentration of DJ-1 is changed. With myometrial invasion of more than 50%, increased serum levels of three markers - CA-125, HE4, and DJ-1. Depending on the risk of disease recurrence, the assessment of which was determined by intraoperative and histological characteristics, a difference was revealed in the content of HE4 and DJ-1 markers in the blood. It was found that the risk of early recurrence of uterine cancer increased (p<0,05) when the concentration of CA-125 exceeded the level of 29,3 U/ml, HE4 was above 79,3 pmol/l, DJ-1 was above 90,0 ng/ml and DKK-1 above 47,3 pg/ml 6 months after the end of primary treatment. The highest predictive information value was found for monitoring DJ-1 and HE4 in blood serum, which indicates that they are promising for use in continuous monitoring of the course of cancer.
Lactoferrin of oral fluid is normal and in Alzheimer’s disease: laboratory and diagnostic aspects (review of literature)
Authors: Bazarnyi V. V. , Sidenkova A. P. , Sosnin D. Yu.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the clinical value of determining the lactoferrin protein in oral fluid - one of the representatives of the saliva proteome. The review is based on the analysis of modern literature, including systematic reviews, the results of multicenter prospective studies, review and original articles by leading experts in this field, presented in the databases PubMed, Scopus, CyberLeninka. The problems of the preanalytical stage, methods for determining lactoferrin are highlighted and information about its content in mixed saliva according to various authors is provided. Special attention is paid to the clinical and diagnostic value of the level of salivary lactoferrin in Alzheimer’s disease. According to most authors, the diagnostic sensitivity of this parameter ranges from 87 to 100%. Some mechanisms of the relationship between this protein and the central nervous system (CNS) are shown. In conclusion, it is concluded that salivary lactoferrin can be an “indicator” of the formation of amyloid plaques and can be considered as one of the reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. This opinion is based both on fundamental ideas about the global relationship between innate immunity and the central nervous system, and on clinical data. The special advantage of this laboratory test is its non-invasiveness, which makes it more preferable in comparison with the determination of amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood.
Assessment of iron metabolism disorders and adequate treatment of anemic syndrome in patients with breast cancer on the background of adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Blindar Valentina Nikolaevna , Zubrikhina G. N. , Davydova T. V. , Dobrovolskaya M. M. , Khagazheeva M. N. , Snegovoy A. V. , Lyubimova N. V. , Kushlinskii N. E. , Ryabchikov D. A.
Published: May 2022

Early and adequate correction of the anemic syndrome (AS) of cancer patients can prevent deterioration in the quality of life and be considered as a reserve for increasing the effectiveness of treatment for breast cancer (BC). The aim of the study was to assess the status of iron using modern methods of ferrokinetics in breast cancer patients on the background of adjuvant chemotherapy for early diagnosis and adequate treatment of AS. The object of the study included 21 breast cancer patients with a relatively favorable prognosis, with luminal types A and B (Her 2 / neu positive or negative), three times negative type. The examination was carried out in the postoperative period, against the background of adjuvant chemotherapy. The main metabolites of ferrokinetics were studied: hepcidin 25 (GP25); ferritin (FR); soluble transferrin receptors (rRTP); transferin (TRF); iron (Fe); erythropoietin (EPO); CRP and IL-6 indicators. AC correction was performed (ferinject, epotin-alpha, B12). 10 (47.6%) patients with breast cancer had AS. Most of them were diagnosed with IDA with microcytic, hypochromic characteristics of erythrocytes, low concentration of FR, Fe, GP25, IL-6, CRP, and high levels of TRP and rRTP. Functional iron deficiency (FDF) was established in some patients. In contrast to patients with IDA, they had a high concentration of FR, CRP and significant production of GP25, IL-6. The EPO level was not optimal for the majority of patients with AS. In isolated cases, during treatment with recombinant erythropoietins, a deficiency of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) was revealed. The rational use of iron preparations, vitamins, and recombinant forms of EPO made it possible to restore Fe metabolism, stabilize the hemoglobin level, and also improve the condition of most breast cancer patients. The obtained data on IL-6, GP25, CRP indicate a certain relationship between them in the development of anemia with VDF in breast cancer patients and the need for further study of the characteristics of iron metabolism in cancer patients.
Immunohematological provision of red blood cells transfusions to alloimmunized recipients (clinical case)
Authors: Yovdiy A. V. , Butina E. V. , Poponina E. A.
Published: May 2022

Timely diagnostics of red blood cells (RBC) antibodies and selection of immunologically compatible donors can prevent the occurrence of hemolytic transfusion reactions in recipients of RBC. The article presents an analysis of a clinical case describing the variability of the antibody screening results and the difficulties of individual selection of donors for a alloimmunized patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. The basic immunohematological principles have been formulated to ensure the safety of transfusions in patients with RBC antibodies.
Possibilities of transmission electron microscopy in assessing the quality of bacterial cells and microbial population
Authors: Gerasimov V. N. , Marinina N. N. , Kharseeva Galina Georgievna , Sherbataya O. S.
Published: May 2022

Determination of changes in the morphostructure of microorganisms under the influence of antibiotics, disinfectants, biocins, physical and chemical agents is carried out using the method of visualization of ultrathin sections in a transmission electron microscope. The aim is to develop methodological techniques for express preparation and visualization of the ultrastructure of bacteria in a transmission electron microscope to detect structural damage to cells and assess the quality of the microbial population. A technique of accelerated sample preparation for visualization of the fine structure of bacteria and diagnosis of structural damage to cells in a transmission electron microscope has been developed. The use of this method will make it possible to more effectively investigate the mechanisms of inactivation of microorganisms at different stages of contact with antibiotics, disinfectants, biocines, including various stressful, damaging and lethal physical and chemical effects.
Recuperación de prácticas ancestrales de caza y pesca en comunidades negras e indígenas en las cuencas del Atrato y Baudó, Chocó
Authors: Lozano-González Diamar Argenis , Lozano de Mosquera Luz América
Published: May 2022

Las actividades de caza y pesca han servido de sustento alimentario a innumerables comunidades rurales, negras e indígenas en la región del Chocó. Sin embargo, las prácticas indiscriminadas para la recolección de los recursos pesqueros y de cacería en bosques naturales pueden estar generando una disminución de la fauna y la erosión de las prácticas ancestrales. El objetivo de la investigación persiguió la identificación y diseño participativo con las comunidades de estrategias la recuperación y conservación de las buenas prácticas ancestrales de caza y pesca, en perspectiva de garantizar el acceso proteína animal partir de la oferta faunística del Chocó Biogeográfico, garantizando su resiliencia, conservación y sustentabilidad. En la interacción con los actores comunitarios se aplicó un enfoque escosistémico ponderando la auscultación de la relación entre procesos socioculturales y procesos naturales, reconociendo al ser humano y los sistemas sociales y culturales como componentes intrínsecos de los ecosistemas, e integrando las dimensiones sociales, culturales y económicas como una condición obligada en la gestión de los recursos naturales.
Cambios en la composición y estructura de la vegetación arbórea en un área impactada por la ganadería en el corregimiento de Santa Cecilia, Pueblo Rico, Risaralda
Authors: Luis Javier Luis Javier
Published: May 2022

Con fin de determinar los cambios en la composición y estructura de la vegetación arbórea en un área impactada (75 ha) por ganadería durante el período 2015-2017, se muestreó y monitoreó todos los individuos de porte arbóreo presente en una parcela de 0,25 ha (50x50 m). Los muestreos realizados, permitieron registrar 199 individuos pertenecientes a 14 familias y 19 especies.Las familias mejor representadas en cuanto a riqueza de especies, fueron: Moraceae con 3, seguida de Malvaceae, Melastomataceae y Urticaceae con dos especies cada una. A nivel de especies, sobresalen por su abundancia Vismia angustifolia (punta de lanza) con 12 individuos, Jacaranda sp. (gualanday o pinguasí) y Lacistema aggregatum (café de monte) con 9 individuos cada una, e Himatanthus articulatus (mamancallo) con 8 individuos. La composición de especies fue similar a lo largo de los muestreos, sin embargo, en el año 2016 se registró la especie Apeiba membranacea y Brosimum utile en el año 2017. El promedio diamétrico de los individuos osciló entre 18 y 19 cm. La dinámica de crecimiento de los árboles muestra, que a pesar de que el bosque no ha alcanzado su madurez, los individuos de las clases más altas, disminuyen su tasa de crecimiento al paso de los años. De otra parte, la mortalidad y reclutamiento varió entre los períodos evaluados. Para el período 2015-2016, no se presentó mortalidad, sin embargo, se reclutaron 10 individuos, para un total de 65 árboles para este período, representando un incremento de 0,363 m2, equivalente al 16% del área basal con respecto al año 2015 (1.897 m2). A pesar de la poca variación en los parámetros estructurales y de composición, las familias y especies aumentan, conforme avanza el estadío sucesional, demostrando la tendencia de recuperación de atributos de diversidad, composición y funcionalidad del ecosistema.
Determinación de cambios en la calidad fisicoquímica del agua por efectos de la minería mecanizada, con especial atención en los períodos de operación y descanso minero en el municipio de Cértegui, Chocó
Authors: Murillo Hinestroza Yirlesa , Vargas Porras Lady
Published: May 2022

En el intento de establecer los cambios que la minería a cielo abierto en el municipio de Cértegui, Chocó, Colombia, genera sobre las características fisicoquímicas de ecosistemas hídricos intervenidos por esta actividad productiva, se escogieron cinco fuentes hídricas: las quebradas San Antonio, La Platina, Calochiquito, San Antonito y Regadero. En cada fuente hídrica se hicieron mediciones in situ de variables fisicoquímicas (2 estaciones: antes y después del vertimiento minero), tomando registros durante la operación minera y después de la fase de descanso entre 24 a 48 horas. Los resultados permitieron inferir, que el desarrollo de actividades mineras a cielo abierto, genera mayores cambios en las variables sólidos disueltos (2,19 y 23,6 mg/l) y suspendidos (0 y 750 mg/l), conductividad (4,9 y 55,1 µs/cm) y turbiedad (0 y 1000 FAU), que con el desmonte del suelo y el vertimiento directo de los efluentes del proceso a las fuentes hídricas, se genera un arrastre de partículas y material sólido, que modifican estas variables y la calidad fisicoquímica del agua como se evidenció en las estaciones ubicadas después del vertimiento durante los muestreos con operación. En conclusión, los cortos períodos de descanso implementados durante la etapa operativa de la minería favorecen el restable- cimiento de algunas variables fisicoquímicas como los sólidos, la velocidad y algunos nutrientes como fosfatos; no obstante, una vez se genera el disturbio minero se producen grandes afectaciones en las estaciones después del vertimiento, que aun con el cese de la actividad, no muestran un restablecimiento total del ecosistema.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Klinger Brahan William , Palacios-Mosquera Leison
Published: May 2022

En continuidad con nuestro propósito de generar condiciones para la apropiación social del conocimiento, dirigido a la toma de decisiones en materia ambiental y de biodiversidad cada vez más apoyada en información de calidad, el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico (IIAP), a través de la Revista Bioetnia, brinda a su público avances importantes logrados en materia de investigación, dentro del territorio conocido como Chocó Biogeográfico.
Jeotermal Sondajlarda Maliyet Parametreleri
Authors: BİÇİM Keziban , ERDOĞAN Yasin , KÖK Onur Eser
Published: May 2022

Enerji, geçmişten günümüze birçok alanda kullanılan temel ihtiyaç konumundadır. Dolayısıyla enerji talebi de giderek artış göstermektedir. Günümüzde bu enerji talebi ağırlıklı olarak fosil yakıtlardan karşılanmasına rağmen nükleer santraller, jeotermal santraller, güneş ve rüzgar enerji üretim tesisleri gibi farklı yöntemlerle de karşılanabilmektedir. Ancak enerjinin elde edilmesi ve enerji talebinin karşılanmasında önemli bir faktörü de çevre kirliliği oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla çevre kirliliğine en az seviyede zarar verip en yüksek düzeyde enerji elde edilen yöntemler ülkeler açısından tercih edilmektedir. Bu sebeplere bağlı olarak günümüzde en yaygın enerji üretim kaynağı olan fosil yakıtlara alternatif olarak jeotermal kaynakların kullanımı ve bu kaynaklardan elde edilen enerji ile taleplerin karşılanması giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Dolayısıyla hem sürdürülebilirlik hem de çevre korunumu açısından jeotermal enerji ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ancak, enerji talebinin optimum şartlar altında karşılanabilmesi için düşük maliyet ile yüksek verimde enerjinin elde edilmesi gerekmektedir. Jeotermal kaynakların tespit edilmesinden sonra yapılacak sondaj çalışmaları ise maliyetin önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla düşük maliyetli ve yüksek enerji eldesi olan sondajların giderek artması için faaliyetler artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, jeotermal sondajların sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu enerji kaynağı olarak kullanımının yaygınlaşması neticesinde optimum maliyetin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kule seçimi, sondaj planı, casing planı, çimentolama planı, kuyu kontrol planı, matkap seçimi ve sondaj çamur planı olmak üzere en önemli maliyet parametreleri için detaylı inceleme yapılmış olup jeotermal sondaj maliyetine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir.
CLINICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC DATA FOR MAXILLARY SINUS CYSTS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A.R. Sakovich , A.V. Rozhkova ,   4th City Clinical Hospital. N.E. Savchenko
Published: May 2022

Sinus cysts are common pathology in otorhynolaryngology. Often localized in the maxillary sinuses. The article presents the age and gender characteristics of patients with a cyst of the maxillary sinus. The most common complaint was a feeling of pressure, distention or pain in the projection of the maxillary sinus with a cyst (82.8 %). CT data were the most informative of the imaging methods (87.5 %). During endoscopy of the nasal cavity in patients with a cyst of the maxillary sinus, curvature of the nasal septum most often occurred (42.3 %), as well as structural features of the ostiomeatal complex of the ethmoid bone: deformation of the uncinate process and hypertrophy of the ethmoid vesicle (31.2 %), deformity of the middle turbinate (28.3 %), bulla of the middle turbinate (18.7 %).
FOR THE PURPOSE OF POPULATION HEALTH
Authors: L.V. Zakharava , H.V. Gubkina
Published: May 2022

Systematized, non-collisional legislation is a required condition of the medical officers legal culture making. Modern medical care circumstances underline the need of the current Law of the Republic of Belarus from June, 18th 1993 № 2435-XII «About health care» revision. The new Law of the Republic of Belarus from December, 11th 2020 № 94-З «About health care and psychological help laws changes» makes some conceptual changes to the current health care legislation. In the process of improving legislation in the field of healthcare, the goal of healthcare management is determined - strengthening the health of the population, expanding, inter alia, the preventive direction, informing and motivating patients to a healthy lifestyle, promoting a healthy lifestyle, for specialists — advanced training, the use of high-tech treatment methods.
SUPRACONDYLAR EXTENSION FRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, A. Sitnik , M. Gerasimenko ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, A. Kochubinski ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, A. Beletsky ,   National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Published: May 2022

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children are difficult injuries. Thorough assessment and documentation of the neuro-vascular condition of the arm on admission and during the treatment are needed. Radiological evaluation allows to classify the injury and to choose treatment strategy. Extension mechanism is prevailing in these injuries. Displaced fractures require closed reduction and transcutaneous wire fixation, ideally performed by the senior surgeon. During plaster cast immobilization flexion in the elbow shall be avoided as it may provoke vascular disturbances. When normal blood supply of the limb is maintained, surgical treatment may be delayed until skilled surgical team and other resources are available. In cases with the disturbances of the distal flow urgent reduction of the fracture is indicated, which allows to restore the blood supply in 80 % of cases. When after reduction the absence of pulsation on a.radialis is associated with the pink hand — surgical revision and exploration of humeral artery is indicated.
A process-oriented evaluation of CAMS reanalysis ozone during tropopause folds over Europe for the period 2003–2018
Authors: Akritidis Dimitris , Pozzer Andrea , Flemming Johannes , Inness Antje , Nédélec Philippe , Zanis Prodromos
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Tropopause folds are the key process underlying stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone, and thus they affect tropospheric ozone levels and variability. In the present study we perform a process-oriented evaluation of Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis (CAMSRA) O3 during folding events over Europe and for the time period from 2003 to 2018. A 3-D labeling algorithm is applied to detect tropopause folds in CAMSRA, while ozonesonde data from WOUDC (World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre) and aircraft measurements from IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) are used for CAMSRA O3 evaluation. The profiles of observed and CAMSRA O3 concentrations indicate that CAMSRA reproduces the observed O3 increases in the troposphere during the examined folding events. Nevertheless, at most of the examined sites, CAMSRA overestimates the observed O3 concentrations, mostly at the upper portion of the observed increases, with a median fractional gross error (FGE) among the examined sites >0.2 above 400 hPa. The use of a control run without data assimilation reveals that the aforementioned overestimation of CAMSRA O3 arises from the data assimilation implementation. Overall, although data assimilation assists CAMSRA O3 to follow the observed O3 enhancements in the troposphere during the STT events, it introduces biases in the upper troposphere resulting in no clear quantitative improvement compared to the control run without data assimilation. Less biased assimilated O3 products, with finer vertical resolution in the troposphere, in addition to higher IFS (Integrated Forecasting System) vertical resolution, are expected to provide a better representation of O3 variability during tropopause folds.
Trends in secondary inorganic aerosol pollution in China and its responses to emission controls of precursors in wintertime
Authors: Meng Fanlei , Zhang Yibo , Kang Jiahui , Heal Mathew R. , Reis Stefan , Wang Mengru , Liu Lei , Wang Kai , Yu Shaocai , Li Pengfei , Wei Jing , Hou Yong , Zhang Ying , Liu Xuejun , Cui Zhenling , Xu Wen , Zhang Fusuo
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The Chinese government recently proposed ammonia (NH3) emission reductions (but without a specific national target) as a
strategic option to mitigate fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. We combined a
meta-analysis of nationwide measurements and air quality modeling to
identify efficiency gains by striking a balance between controlling NH3
and acid gas (SO2 and NOx) emissions. We found that PM2.5
concentrations decreased from 2000 to 2019, but annual mean PM2.5
concentrations still exceeded 35 µg m−3 at 74 % of 1498
monitoring sites during 2015–2019. The concentration of PM2.5 and its
components were significantly higher (16 %–195 %) on hazy days than on
non-hazy days. Compared with mean values of other components, this
difference was more significant for the secondary inorganic ions
SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ (average increase
98 %). While sulfate concentrations significantly decreased over this period, no significant change was observed for nitrate and ammonium
concentrations. Model simulations indicate that the effectiveness of a
50 % NH3 emission reduction for controlling secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) concentrations
decreased from 2010 to 2017 in four megacity clusters of eastern China,
simulated for the month of January under fixed meteorological conditions
(2010). Although the effectiveness further declined in 2020 for simulations
including the natural experiment of substantial reductions in acid gas
emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting reductions in SIA
concentrations were on average 20.8 % lower than those in 2017. In
addition, the reduction in SIA concentrations in 2017 was greater for 50 %
acid gas reductions than for the 50 % NH3 emission reductions. Our
findings indicate that persistent secondary inorganic aerosol pollution in
China is limited by emissions of acid gases, while an additional control of
NH3 emissions would become more important as reductions of SO2 and
NOx emissions progress.
Observation error analysis for the WInd VElocity Radar Nephoscope W-band Doppler conically scanning spaceborne radar via end-to-end simulations
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Martire Paolo , Caubet Eric , Phalippou Laurent , Stesina Fabrizio , Kollias Pavlos , Illingworth Anthony
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The WIVERN (WInd VElocity Radar Nephoscope) mission, now in Phase 0 of the ESA Earth Explorer program, promises to complement Doppler wind lidar by globally observing, for the first time, the vertical profiles of winds in cloudy areas. This work describes an initial assessment of the performances of the WIVERN conically scanning 94 GHz Doppler radar, the only payload of the mission. The analysis is based on an end-to-end simulator characterized by the following novel features tailored to the WIVERN radar: the conically scanning geometry, the inclusion of cross-polarization effects and the simulation of a radiometric mode, the applicability to global cloud model outputs via an orbital model, the incorporation of a mispointing model accounting for thermoelastic distortions, microvibrations, star-tracker uncertainties, etc., and the inclusion of the surface clutter. Some of the simulator capabilities are showcased for a case study involving a full rotational scan of the instrument. Preliminary findings show that mispointing errors associated with the antenna's azimuthal mispointing are expected to be lower than 0.3 m s−1 (and strongly dependent on the antenna's azimuthal scanning angle), wind shear and non-uniform beam-filling errors have generally negligible biases when full antenna revolutions are considered, non-uniform beam filling causes random errors strongly dependent on the antenna azimuthal scanning angle, but typically lower than 1 m s−1, and cross-talk effects are easily predictable so that areas affected by strong cross-talk noise can be flagged. Overall, the quality of the Doppler velocities appears to strongly depend on several factors, such as the strength of the cloud reflectivity, the antenna-pointing direction relative to the satellite motion, the presence of strong reflectivity and/or wind gradients, and the strength of the surface clutter. The end-to-end simulations suggest that total wind errors meet the mission requirements in a good portion of the clouds detected by the WIVERN radar. The simulator will be used for studying tradeoffs for the different WIVERN configurations under consideration during Phase 0 (e.g., different antenna sizes, pulse lengths, and antenna patterns). Thanks to its modular structure, the simulator can be easily adapted to different orbits, different scanning geometries, and different frequencies.
Drought recorded by Ba∕Ca in coastal benthic foraminifera
Authors: Brinkmann Inda , Barras Christine , Jilbert Tom , Næraa Tomas , Paul K. Mareike , Schweizer Magali , Filipsson Helena L.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Increasing occurrences of extreme weather events, such as
the 2018 drought over northern Europe, are a concerning issue under global
climate change. High-resolution archives of natural hydroclimate proxies,
such as rapidly accumulating sediments containing biogenic carbonates, offer
the potential to investigate the frequency and mechanisms of such events in
the past. Droughts alter the barium (Ba) concentration of near-continent
seawater through the reduction in Ba input from terrestrial runoff, which in
turn may be recorded as changes in the chemical composition (Ba/Ca) of
foraminiferal calcium carbonates accumulating in sediments. However, so far
the use of Ba/Ca as a discharge indicator has been restricted to planktonic
foraminifera, despite the high relative abundance of benthic species in
coastal, shallow-water sites. Moreover, benthic foraminiferal Ba/Ca has
mainly been used in open-ocean records as a proxy for paleo-productivity.
Here we report on a new geochemical data set measured from living
(CTG-labeled) benthic foraminiferal species to investigate the capability
of benthic Ba/Ca to record changes in river runoff over a gradient of
contrasting hydroclimatic conditions. Individual foraminifera (Bulimina marginata,
Nonionellina labradorica) were analyzed by laser-ablation ICP-MS over a seasonal and spatial
gradient within Gullmar Fjord, Swedish west coast, during 2018–2019. The
results are compared to an extensive meteorological and hydrological data
set, as well as sediment and pore-water geochemistry. Benthic foraminiferal
Ba/Ca correlates significantly to riverine runoff; however, the signals
contain both spatial trends with distance to Ba source and species-specific
influences such as micro-habitat preferences. We deduce that
shallow-infaunal foraminifera are especially suitable as proxy for
terrestrial Ba input and discuss the potential influence of water-column and
pore-water Ba cycling. While distance to Ba source, water depth, pore-water
geochemistry, and species-specific effects need to be considered in
interpreting the data, our results demonstrate confidence in the use of
Ba/Ca of benthic foraminifera from near-continent records as a proxy for past
riverine discharge and to identify periods of drought.
Stable climate simulations using a realistic general circulation model with neural network parameterizations for atmospheric moist physics and radiation processes
Authors: Wang Xin , Han Yilun , Xue Wei , Yang Guangwen , Zhang Guang J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In climate models, subgrid parameterizations of
convection and clouds are one of the main causes of the biases in
precipitation and atmospheric circulation simulations. In recent years, due
to the rapid development of data science, machine learning (ML)
parameterizations for convection and clouds have been demonstrated to have
the potential to perform better than conventional parameterizations. Most
previous studies were conducted on aqua-planet and idealized models, and the
problems of simulation instability and climate drift still exist. Developing
an ML parameterization scheme remains a challenging task in realistically
configured models. In this paper, a set of residual deep neural networks
(ResDNNs) with a strong nonlinear fitting ability is designed to emulate a
super-parameterization (SP) with different outputs in a hybrid ML–physical
general circulation model (GCM). It can sustain stable simulations for over
10 years under real-world geographical boundary conditions. We explore the
relationship between the accuracy and stability by validating multiple deep
neural network (DNN) and ResDNN sets in prognostic runs. In addition, there
are significant differences in the prognostic results of the stable ResDNN
sets. Therefore, trial and error is used to acquire the optimal ResDNN set
for both high skill and long-term stability, which we name the
neural network (NN) parameterization. In offline validation, the neural network parameterization can
emulate the SP in mid- to high-latitude regions with a high accuracy.
However, its prediction skill over tropical ocean areas still needs
improvement. In the multi-year prognostic test, the hybrid ML–physical GCM
simulates the tropical precipitation well over land and significantly
improves the frequency of the precipitation extremes, which are vastly
underestimated in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5), with a
horizontal resolution of 1.9∘ × 2.5∘.
Furthermore, the hybrid ML–physical GCM simulates the robust signal of the
Madden–Julian oscillation with a more reasonable propagation speed than
CAM5. However, there are still substantial biases with the hybrid
ML–physical GCM in the mean states, including the temperature field in the
tropopause and at high latitudes and the precipitation over tropical oceanic
regions, which are larger than those in CAM5. This study is a pioneer in
achieving multi-year stable climate simulations using a hybrid ML–physical
GCM under actual land–ocean boundary conditions that become sustained over
30 times faster than the target SP. It demonstrates the emerging potential
of using ML parameterizations in climate simulations.
Description of historical and future projection simulations by the global coupled E3SMv1.0 model as used in CMIP6
Authors: Zheng Xue , Li Qing , Zhou Tian , Tang Qi , Van Roekel Luke P. , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Wang Hailong , Cameron-Smith Philip
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This paper documents the experimental setup and general features of the coupled historical and future climate simulations with the first version of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1.0). The future projected climate characteristics of E3SMv1.0 at the highest emission scenario (SSP5-8.5) designed in the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) and the SSP5-8.5 greenhouse gas (GHG) only forcing experiment are analyzed with a focus on regional responses of atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land. Due to its high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS of 5.3 K), E3SMv1.0 is one of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models with the largest surface warming by the end of the 21st century under the high-emission SSP5-8.5 scenario. The global mean precipitation change is highly correlated with the global temperature change, while the spatial pattern of the change in runoff is consistent with the precipitation changes. The oceanic mixed layer generally shoals throughout the global ocean. The annual mean Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is overly weak with a slower change from ∼ 11 to ∼ 6 Sv (Sverdrup) relative to other CMIP6 models. The sea ice, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, decreases rapidly with large seasonal variability. We detect a significant polar amplification in E3SMv1.0 from the atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice. Comparing the SSP5-8.5 all-forcing experiment with the GHG-only experiment, we find that the unmasking of the aerosol effects due to the decline of the aerosol loading in the future projection period causes transient accelerated warming in the all-forcing experiment in the first half of the 21st century. While the oceanic climate response is mainly controlled by the GHG forcing, the land runoff response is impacted primarily by forcings other than GHG over certain regions, e.g., southern North America, southern Africa, central Africa, and eastern Asia. However, the importance of the GHG forcing on the land runoff changes grows in the future climate projection period compared to the historical period.
Description and evaluation of the community aerosol dynamics model MAFOR v2.0
Authors: Karl Matthias , Pirjola Liisa , Grönholm Tiia , Kurppa Mona , Anand Srinivasan , Zhang Xiaole , Held Andreas , Sander Rolf , Dal Maso Miikka , Topping David , Jiang Shuai , Kangas Leena , Kukkonen Jaakko
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Numerical models are needed for evaluating aerosol processes in
the atmosphere in state-of-the-art chemical transport models,
urban-scale dispersion models, and climatic models.
This article describes a publicly available aerosol dynamics model,
MAFOR (Multicomponent Aerosol FORmation model; version 2.0);
we address the main structure of the model, including the types
of operation and the treatments of the aerosol processes.
The model simultaneously solves the time evolution of both the
particle number and the mass concentrations of aerosol components
in each size section. In this way, the model can also allow for
changes in the average density of particles.
An evaluation of the model is also presented against a
high-resolution observational dataset in a street canyon located
in the centre of Helsinki (Finland) during afternoon traffic
rush hour on 13 December 2010. The experimental data included
measurements at different locations in the street canyon of
ultrafine particles,
black carbon, and fine particulate
mass PM1.
This evaluation has also included an intercomparison with the
corresponding predictions of two other prominent aerosol dynamics
models, AEROFOR and SALSA.
All three models simulated the decrease in the measured
total particle number concentrations fairly well with increasing distance
from the vehicular emission source. The MAFOR model reproduced
the evolution of the observed particle number size distributions
more accurately than the other two models.
The MAFOR model also predicted the variation of the concentration
of PM1 better than the SALSA model.
We also analysed the relative importance of various aerosol
processes based on the predictions of the three models.
As expected, atmospheric dilution dominated over other processes;
dry deposition was the second most significant process.
Numerical sensitivity tests with the MAFOR model revealed that
the uncertainties associated with the properties of the condensing
organic vapours affected only the size range of particles smaller
than 10 nm in diameter.
These uncertainties therefore do not significantly affect the
predictions of the whole of the number size distribution and the
total number concentration. The MAFOR model version 2 is well
documented and versatile to use, providing a range of
alternative parameterizations for various aerosol processes.
The model includes an efficient numerical integration of particle
number and mass concentrations, an operator splitting of processes,
and the use of a fixed sectional method. The model could be used
as a module in various atmospheric and climatic models.
Calibration of groundwater seepage on the spatial distribution of the stream network to assess catchment-scale hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Abhervé Ronan , Gauvain Alexandre , Roques Clément , Longuevergne Laurent , Louaisil Stéphane , Aquilina Luc , de Dreuzy Jean-Raynald
Published: May 2022

Abstract. To supplement the use of hydraulic tests and assess catchment-scale hydraulic conductivity (K), we propose a methodology for shallow aquifers only based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and on the observation of the stream network. The methodology requires the groundwater system to be a main determinant of the stream density and extension. It assumes that the perennial stream network is set by the intersection of the groundwater table with the topography. The topographical structures and the subsurface hydraulic conductivity divided by the recharge rate K / R determine the groundwater table depth and the development of the stream network. Using a parsimonious 3D groundwater flow model, we calibrate K / R by minimizing newly defined distances between the simulated groundwater seepage zones and the observed stream network. Deployed on 24 selected headwater catchments from 12 to 141 km2 located in north-western France, the method successfully matches the stream network in 80 % of the cases and provides catchment-scale hydraulic conductivities between 9 x 10-6 and 9 x 10-5 m s-1 for shallow aquifers sedimentary and crystalline rocks. Results show a high sensitivity of K to the density and extension of the low-order streams and limited impacts of the DEM resolution as long the DEM remains consistent with the stream network observations. With the emergence of global remote-sensing databases combining information of high-resolution DEM and stream network, this approach will contribute to assess hydraulic properties of in shallow headwater aquifers.