bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow-guided warping for image-based shape manipulation
Authors: Vergne Romain , Barla Pascal , Bonneau Georges-Pierre , Fleming Roland W.
Published: July 2016

We present an interactive method that manipulates perceived object shape from a single input color image thanks to a warping technique implemented on the GPU. The key idea is to give the illusion of shape sharpening or rounding by exaggerating
orientation patterns
in the image that are strongly correlated to surface curvature. We build on a growing literature in both human and computer vision showing the importance of orientation patterns in the communication of shape, which we complement with mathematical relationships and a statistical image analysis revealing that
structure tensors
are indeed strongly correlated to surface shape features. We then rely on these correlations to introduce a flow-guided
image warping
algorithm, which in effect exaggerates orientation patterns involved in shape perception. We evaluate our technique by 1) comparing it to ground truth shape deformations, and 2) performing two perceptual experiments to assess its effects. Our algorithm produces convincing shape manipulation results on synthetic images and photographs, for various materials and lighting environments.
Multiple-scattering microfacet BSDFs with the Smith model
Authors: Heitz Eric , Hanika Johannes , d'Eon Eugene , Dachsbacher Carsten
Published: July 2016

Modeling multiple scattering in microfacet theory is considered an important open problem because a non-negligible portion of the energy leaving rough surfaces is due to paths that bounce multiple times. In this paper we derive the missing multiple-scattering components of the popular family of BSDFs based on the Smith microsurface model. Our derivations are based solely on the original assumptions of the Smith model. We validate our BSDFs using raytracing simulations of explicit random Beckmann surfaces.

Our main insight is that the microfacet theory for surfaces with the Smith model can be derived as a special case of the microflake theory for volumes, with additional constraints to enforce the presence of a sharp interface, i.e. to transform the volume into a surface. We derive new free-path distributions and phase functions such that plane-parallel scattering from a microvolume with these distributions exactly produces the BSDF based on the Smith microsurface model, but with the addition of higher-order scattering.

With this new formulation, we derive multiple-scattering micro-facet BSDFs made of either diffuse, conductive, or dielectric material. Our resulting BSDFs are reciprocal, energy conserving, and support popular anisotropic parametric normal distribution functions such as Beckmann and GGX. While we do not provide closed-form expressions for the BSDFs, they are mathematically well-defined and can be evaluated at arbitrary precision. We show how to practically use them with Monte Carlo physically based rendering algorithms by providing analytic importance sampling and unbiased stochastic evaluation. Our implementation is analytic and does not use per-BSDF precomputed data, which makes our BSDFs usable with textured albedos, roughness, and anisotropy.
Real-time skeletal skinning with optimized centers of rotation
Authors: Le Binh Huy , Hodgins Jessica K.
Published: July 2016

Skinning algorithms that work across a broad range of character designs and poses are crucial to creating compelling animations. Currently, linear blend skinning (LBS) and dual quaternion skinning (DQS) are the most widely used, especially for real-time applications. Both techniques are efficient to compute and are effective for many purposes. However, they also have many well-known artifacts, such as collapsing elbows, candy wrapper twists, and bulging around the joints. Due to the popularity of LBS and DQS, it would be of great benefit to reduce these artifacts without changing the animation pipeline or increasing the computational cost significantly. In this paper, we introduce a new direct skinning method that addresses this problem. Our key idea is to pre-compute the optimized center of rotation for each vertex from the rest pose and skinning weights. At runtime, these centers of rotation are used to interpolate the rigid transformation for each vertex. Compared to other direct skinning methods, our method significantly reduces the artifacts of LBS and DQS while maintaining real-time performance and backwards compatibility with the animation pipeline.
A Virtual Three-Dimensional Model of Las Meninas: Paradox or Mirror Image?
Authors: Ramón-Laca Luis
Published: July 2016

A virtual three-dimensional model of Las Meninas is discussed. The model suggests that Diego Velázquez used a large mirror to create his masterpiece.
Rain Type Classification Algorithm Module for GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar
Authors: Awaka Jun , Le Minda , Chandrasekar V. , Yoshida Naofumi , Higashiuwatoko Tomohiko , Kubota Takuji , Iguchi Toshio
Published: July 2016

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) algorithms consist of modules. This paper describes version 4 (V4) of GPM DPR level 2 (L2) classification (CSF) modules, which consist of two single-frequency (SF) modules—that is, Ku-only and Ka-only modules—and a dual-frequency (DF) module. Each CSF module detects bright band (BB) and classifies rain into three major types, that is, stratiform, convective, and other. The Ku-only and Ka-only CSF modules use algorithms that are similar to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rain type classification algorithm 2A23. The DF CSF module uses a new method called the measured dual-frequency ratio (DFRm) method for the rain type classification and the detection of BB. It is shown that the Ku-only CSF module and the DF CSF module produce almost indistinguishable rain type counts in a statistical sense. It is also shown that the DFRm method in the DF CSF module improves the detection of BB.
Preparing for your preceptorship midwife interview: A student's guide
Authors: Power Alison , Briody Paula
Published: July 2016

This is a busy and exciting time in the academic year, as third-year students come to the end of their programme of study and start to apply for preceptorship posts. While there remains a shortage of midwives ( Bonar, 2015 ), applications for posts are still very competitive and so candidates need to be as thoroughly prepared as possible to ensure they perform at their very best on the day. This article revisits what constitutes ‘a good midwife’ ( Power, 2015 ) and looks at the recruitment process from the perspectives of the interviewer and the interviewee. Paula Briody, matron for intrapartum care at Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, is actively involved in the recruitment process for her Trust and outlines the key characteristics she looks for in candidates. The article also shares the experiences of third-year students who have recently been interviewed for their first midwifery posts. It is hoped that hearing about the process from both perspectives might be useful for all third-year students currently applying for their first jobs, as they get one step nearer to realising their dream of becoming a qualified midwife.
Design and Analysis of Hybrid Vessel Monitoring System based on DTN and Internet Collaboration
Authors: Basuki Akbari Indra , Wuryandari Aciek Ida
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we propose hybrid Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) design as alternative for current VMS scheme by collaborating internet connection and Disruption-Tolerant-Networks (DTN). The hybrid solution combines offline VMS that use radio networks and online VMS that utilizing satellite-based internet. Hybrid VMS aims to provide a more flexible VMS design and able to speed up delivery process of offline vessel’s data. The concept is both type of vessels must install a standard radio networks for data forwarding. The proposed method to speed up data delivery is by forwarding VMS data from one vessel to another using DTN forwarding scheme. Data can be forwarded to another offline vessel that will return to harbor earlier or to online vessels which have internet connection. Performance measurement is done through simulation analysis using ONE simulator. It aims to measure the speed up data delivery using hybrid VMS implementation compare to a pure offline VMS implementation. Simulation result show that hybrid VMS able to speed up data delivery for offline vessel data in 1.5 up to 2 times faster compare to a pure offline VMS implementation. Hybrid VMS also has advantages in flexible implementation by easily switching between online and offline VMS scheme, according to fisherman financial situation. Spray-and-Wait routing is the most suitable routing algorithm for hybrid VMS according to the efficiency ratio.
Desain Sistem Rumah Cerdas berbasis Topologi Mesh dan Protokol Wireless Sensor Network yang Efisien
Authors: Adiono Trio , Putra Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana , Fathany Maulana Yusuf , Adijarto Waskita
Published: July 2016

Dalam publikasi ini, kami mengusulkan sistem rumah cerdas berdasarkan dua pendekatan. Pendekatan pertama adalah arsitektur bertopologi mesh dan yang kedua adalah protokol Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) yang efisien. Sistem ini memiliki dua lingkungan kerja, indoor dan outdoor. Lingkungan indoor menggunakan sistem WSN, sedangkan lingkungan luar menggunakan sistem internet-cloud. Skema ini dikenal sebagai Internet-of-Things (IoT). Lingkungan indoor dan outdoor terhubung satu sama lain dengan menggunakan suatu jembatan penghubung. Sistem WSN dibentuk dari komponen-komponen WSN yang menggunakan topologi mesh. Setiap komponen dari WSN dirancang untuk mengimplementasikan protokol data efisien yang diusulkan. Untuk lingkungan outdoor, sistem internet-cloud yang ada adalah infrastruktur utama. Dengan demikian, sistem rumah cerdas ini dapat dipantau dan dikendalikan dari ponsel cerdas, kapan saja dan di mana saja, selama akses mobile data tersedia. Untuk evaluasi sistem, beberapa tes telahdilakukan untuk mendapatkan profil sistem.
Avaliação da potencialidade de adsorção da bucha vegetal (Luffa cylindrica) para remoção de corante de meios aquosos
Authors: Antunes Angela , Mello Francine Todescato de , Arpini Cézar Augusto de Aguiar , Piasson Janaína , Moreira Aline Matuella , Dallago Rogério Marcos , Venquiaruto Luciana Dornelles
Published: July 2016

A adsorção é um dos processos mais utilizados na remoção de corantes devido à facilidade de manuseio, baixo custo e alta eficiência. Neste sentido, há uma demanda por materiais renováveis para este processo. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a capacidade adsortiva da bucha vegetal (Luffa cylindrica) e como molécula modelo foi empregado o azul marinho direto. Inicialmente, a bucha vegetal foi ativada com HCl e NaOH. A amostra ativada com ácido clorídrico apresentou um melhor resultado para a adsorção, devido a suas propriedades físico-químicas. Posteriormente, o estudo foi conduzido empregando um planejamento estatístico 22, variando tempo de contato e concentração do ácido. A análise estatística dos resultados permitiu propor um modelo, o qual foi validado a partir da análise de variância. Das variáveis estudadas, o tempo de contato foi o que apresentou efeito significativo e positivo. Verificada a melhor condição para ativação da amostra, partiu-se para um planejamento estatístico 22, variando pH da solução e temperatura. Os resultados mostraram que o pH apresentou efeito negativo e a temperatura, efeito positivo. Com esse trabalho, demonstrou-se a viabilidade técnica para a adsorção de corante utilizando bucha vegetal como adsorvente.
Efeitos clínicos e metabólicos da terapia periodontal não cirúrgica em pacientes diabéticos e não diábeticos - revisão de literatura
Authors: Quaresma Leilayne Chaves Araújo , Silva Rafael Figueiredo da , Camargo Gabriela Alessandra Cruz Galhardo
Published: July 2016

Diabéticos apresentam maior prevalência de doença periodontal, no entanto, discute-se se a terapia periodontal pode ou não ocasionar benefícios para esses pacientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a literatura para identificarmos efeitos benéficos do tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico para pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados entre os anos de 2009 e 2014, através dos bancos de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED e LILACS. Conclui-se que pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos submetidos ao tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico obtiveram melhora em todos os parâmetros clínicos periodontais. Entretanto, o efeito de terapia periodontal sobre os parâmetros sistêmicos permanece controverso.
Virtualidades e realidades latino-americanas: a webe o ensino de História para além das fronteiras nacionais
Authors: Sales Pereira Júnia , Regina Miranda Sonia
Published: July 2016

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iso 26000:2010 - desafios e recomendações para a indústria
Authors: Freitag Alberto Eduardo Besser , Quelhas Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves
Published: July 2016

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os desafios e recomendações para adoção da norma ISO 26000:2010 pela indústria. O artigo foi elaborado a partir de pesquisa nas bases científicas Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Engineering Village e Civil Engineering Abstracts em fevereiro de 2015, e os resultados mostraram que existe ainda pouca literatura sobre o assunto. Com base na análise dos artigos incluídos na revisão da literatura, foi elaborada uma tabela relacionando autor, categoria de empresa, bem como um resumo dos desafios e recomendações envolvendo a adoção da ISO 26000 na indústria. O diferencial do estudo é disponibilizar conhecimento sobre os desafios enfrentados pelas indústrias na adoção da norma ISO 26000 e suas recomendações, especificamente no caso da indústria da construção civil e em especial nas indústrias de micro, pequeno e médio porte.AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify the challenges and recommendations for adoption of ISO 26000:2010 by the industry. The article was drawn from research in the scientific basis Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Engineering Village and Civil Engineering Abstracts during February 2015, and the results showed that there is little literature on the subject. Based on the analysis of articles included in the literature review, a table was prepared listing author, company category, as well as a summary of the challenges and recommendations involving the adoption of ISO 26000 in the industry. The differential of the study is to provide knowledge about the challenges faced by the industry in adoption of ISO 26000 and its recommendations, specifically in the case of the construction industry and in particular in industries of micro, small and medium size businesses.
Impact of pharmacologic therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia on prostate volume and free testosterone and consequently on urinary parameters and sexual desire in men
Authors: Stojanovic Nebojsa , Djenic Nebojsa , Bogdanovic Dragan , Lazarevic Konstansa
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. Pharmacologic therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) relieves disease progression and affects the androgen hormone status. A decrease in the level of free testosterone (freeT) within total testosterone (totalT) leads to symptoms of sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to show the impact of pharmacological treatment for BPH on prostate volume (PV) and levels of freeT and, consequently, on urinary parameters and sexual desire in men during 6 months of administration. Methods. This clinical prospective study included 156 BPH patients with moderate urinary symptoms ? International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) < 19, PV > 30 mL and prostate specific antigen (PSA) value < 4 ng/mL. The average age of patients was 61.16 ? 2.97 years. The performed tests included determination of tumor markers (PSA, free PSA), hormones (totalT, freeT, freeT/totalT ratio), trans abdominal ultrasonography and uroflowmetry. Urinary symptoms were measured by IPSS and the Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire while the changes in sexual desire were measured using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Four groups were formed, 39 patients each. The group 1 received alpha1- blocker (AB) tamsulosin, the group 2, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) finasteride, the group 3, combined therapy of both drugs (tamsulosin and finasteride), while the group 4 (control group) had no therapy. Follow-ups were performed every three and six months during therapy administration. Results. Prostate volume significantly decreased in the patients on combined therapy (-6.95 ? 2.00; p < 0.001) and finasteride (-6.67 ? 3.35). In the finasteride group, the levels of freeT (-4.23 ? 5.2; p < 0.001) and freeT/totalT ratio (-0.12 0.08; p < 0.001) significantly decreased as did the freeT (-2.64 ? 7.81) and freeT/totalT ratio (-0.09 ? 0.13) in the combined therapy group. Uroflowmetry showed a significant improvement in all parameters and all the therapy groups. Combined therapy provided the greatest improvement in the maximum flow rate (Qmax) (+4.06 ? 1.75; p < 0.001) and urinary symptoms (-10.95 ? 3.19). A significant improvement of sexual desire occurred in the patients on tamsulosin (+0.78 ? 1.00; p < 0.001), with a slight deterioration in the finasteride group, but without statistical significance. Conclusion. Hormonal component of pharmacologic therapy for BPH most effectively reduces PV and freeT levels, improves urinary symptoms with a slight decline of sexual desire in men on finasteride monotherapy.
Synthesis and Properties of Dioctyl Diphenyl Ether Disulfonate Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Jiao Tiliu , Liu Xiaochen , Wang Xiaoyu , Niu Jinping
Published: July 2016

The surfactants dioctyl diphenyl ether disulfonate gemini (C8-DADS) and monohexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (C16-MADS) were synthesized by Friedel-Crafts alkylation, followed by sulfonation and neutralization. Sulfated zirconia was prepared by the impregnation method and used to catalyze the alkylation reaction. Equilibrium surface tension measurements show that C8-DADS has a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γcmc) and minimum area per molecule (Amin), higher efficiency of adsorption at the surface (pC20) than C16-MADS, implying that C8-DADS has a higher surface activity. The emulsifying ability of C8-DADS is better than that of C16-MADS. The salinity and hardness tolerance property of C16-MADS is superior to that of C8-DADS.
Dyadisches Coping und Partnerschaftszufriedenheit bei verschiedenen Liebesstilen
Authors: Gagliardi Simona , Bodenmann Guy , Heinrichs Nina
Published: July 2016

In the last forty years, many attempts were made to approach the complexity of “love” as a research topic. In 1973, Lee developed a typology of six different love styles: Eros (passionate love), Ludus (game-playing love), Storge (friendship love), Pragma (logical, “shopping list” love), Mania (possessive, dependent love) and Agape (all-giving, selfless love). The present study examines the association between love styles and dyadic coping. 154 couples were assessed on a variety of relationship measures. Our findings indicated that Eros is most strongly associated with dyadic coping and predictive both for the positive and for the negative dyadic coping. For men Agape turned out to be predictive for the positive dyadic coping and Pragma appeared as a predictor for the negative dyadic coping. Only for women, Ludus proved to be predictive for negative dyadic coping and Pragma turned out to be predictive for positive dyadic coping. Implications for counselling, couple therapy and future research are being discussed.

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten vierzig Jahren wurden viele Versuche unternommen, sich der Komplexität des Forschungsgegenstandes „Liebe“ anzunähern. Lee entwickelte 1973 ein Klassifikationssystem und unterschied sechs Liebesstile: Eros (die romantische Liebe), Ludus (die spielerische Liebe), Storge (die freundschaftliche Liebe), Mania (die besitzergreifende Liebe), Pragma (die pragmatische Liebe) und Agape (die altruistische Liebe). In dieser Studie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Liebesstilen und der gemeinsamen Stressbewältigung analysiert. 154 Paare wurden zu ihrer Partnerschaft befragt. Die Resultate zeigten, dass Eros am stärksten mit dem dyadischen Coping assoziiert ist und prädiktiv sowohl für das positive als auch für das negative dyadische Coping ist. Bei den Männern erwies sich zudem Agape prädiktiv für das positive dyadische Coping und Pragma als Prädiktor für das negative dyadische Coping, während sich einzig bei den Frauen Ludus prädiktiv für das negative dyadische Coping und Pragma prädiktiv für das positive dyadische Coping erwies. Implikationen für die Beratung, Paartherapie und zukünftige Forschung werden diskutiert.
Diagnóstico del rendimiento académico de estudiantes de una escuela de educación superior en México
Authors: Hernández Herrera Claudia Alejandra
Published: July 2016

El objetivo del artículo es realizar un diagnóstico sobre la percepción de los factores que intervienen en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de cinco carreras universitarias en una escuela de educación superior en México, para así reconocer las áreas de oportunidad que permitan sugerir políticas y estrategias para elevar su rendimiento. Se utilizó una muestra de 1651 estudiantes, se obtuvieron los datos a partir de un cuestionario con treinta preguntas que estudian la percepción del rendimiento académico en escala tipo Likert. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio que permitiera reducir los datos, facilitar la interpretación y validar el instrumento. Se identificaron tres factores: a) el rol de los profesores, b) la evaluación y c) la motivación de los estudiantes. Se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo por carrera. Se encontró que los estudiantes perciben que la mayoría de los maestros no se preocupan por la condición de los jóvenes en situación de reprobación. Además, casi no motivan y carecen de expresiones de sentimientos de orgullo por los logros académicos de los estudiantes. La mitad de los participantes piensa que los docentes no cubren el temario en su totalidad. Se detectó que los estudiantes poseen una alta motivación siendo esto positivo porque son alumnos dedicados y responsables. Se concluye realizando una serie de sugerencias y explicando las implicaciones que tiene este trabajo para las instituciones de educación superior.
Improved predictions of alarm and safety system performance through process and operator response‐time modeling
Authors: Moskowitz Ian H. , Seider Warren D. , Arbogast Jeffrey E. , Oktem Ulku G. , Pariyani Ankur , Soroush Masoud
Published: July 2016

Dynamic risk analysis (DRA) has been used widely to analyze the performance of alarm and safety interlock systems of manufacturing processes. Because the most critical alarm and safety interlock systems are rarely activated, little or no data from these systems are often available to apply purely‐statistical DRA methods. Moskowitz et al. (2015)1 introduced a repeated‐simulation, process‐model‐based technique for constructing informed prior distributions, generating low‐variance posterior distributions for Bayesian analysis,1 and making alarm‐performance predictions. This article presents a method of quantifying process model quality, which impacts prior and posterior distributions used in Bayesian Analysis. The method uses higher‐frequency alarm and process data to select the most relevant constitutive equations and assumptions. New data‐based probabilistic models that describe important special‐cause event occurrences and operators’ response‐times are proposed and validated with industrial plant data. These models can be used to improve estimates of failure probabilities for alarm and safety interlock systems. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3461–3472, 2016
A simple model for predicting solid concentration distribution in binary‐solid liquid fluidized beds
Authors: Peng Zhengbiao , Moghtaderi Behdad , Doroodchi Elham
Published: July 2016

A simple mathematical model for predicting the solid concentration profile in binary‐solid liquid fluidized beds is presented. The main assumption is that the solid concentration distribution follows the logistic function, which is supported by the literature. Various equations have been derived to solve key system quantities (e.g., bed expansion height, length and position of the transition zone). In contrast to previous models that often involve adjustable parameters and strongly rely on the availability of experimental data, the present model only requires inputs of fluid and particle properties, operating conditions, and correlations for dispersion and slip velocity. The results showed that the model is applicable to different binary‐solid systems that have size and/or density differences. The model's capability of predicting the layer inversion phenomenon has also been demonstrated. The model is simple but proves capable of accurately predicting key information for the design, operation and scale up of liquid fluidized beds. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 469–484, 2017
Influence of structure on release profile of acyclovir loaded polyurethane nanofibers: Monolithic and core/shell structures
Authors: Azizi Maryam , Seyed Dorraji Mir Saeed , Rasoulifard Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2016

In this study, monolithic and core/shell polyurethane (PU) nanofibers were fabricated by single and coaxial electrospinning techniques, respectively. An antivirus drug, Acyclovir (ACY), was loaded on PU nanofibers. The physical condition and interaction of the loaded ACY within these nanofibers were studied by FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM, and TEM. In vitro tests exhibited an obvious difference in the release pattern between monolithic and core/shell nanofibers and burst release in monolithic nanofibers could be controlled by core/shell structure. Release profile was found to follow Korsmeyere‐Peppas model with Fickian diffusion mechanism. Our study demonstrated that the ACY‐loaded core/shell nanofibers might serve as a device for drug delivery systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44073.
Morphology Tuning of Electrospun Liquid Crystal/Polymer Fibers
Authors: Wang Junren , Jákli Antal , West John L.
Published: July 2016

This paper elucidates the means to control precisely the morphology of electrospun liquid crystal/polymer fibers formed by phase separation. The relative humidity, solution parameters (concentration, solvent), and the process parameter (feed rate) were varied systematically. We show that the morphology of the phase‐separated liquid crystal can be continuously tuned from capsules to uniform fibers with systematic formation of beads‐on‐a‐string structured fibers in the intermediate ranges. In all cases, the polymer forms a sheath around a liquid‐crystal (LC) core. The width of the polymer sheath and the diameter of the LC core increase with increasing feed rates. This is similar to the results obtained by coaxial electrospinning. Because these fibers retain the responsive properties of liquid crystals and because of their large surface area, they have potential applications as thermo‐, chemo‐, and biosensors. Because the size and shape of the liquid‐crystal domains will have a profound effect on the performance of the fibers, our ability to precisely control morphology will be crucial in developing these applications.
Why do ovigerous females approach courting males? Female preferences and sensory biases in a fiddler crab
Authors: Chou Chun‐Chia , Backwell Patricia R. Y.
Published: July 2016

Perceptual biases explain the origin and evolution of female preference in many species. Some responses that mediate mate choice, however, may have never been used in nonmating contexts. In the fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi, mate‐searching females prefer faster wave rates and leading wave; however, it remains unclear whether such responses evolved in a mating context (i.e., the preference has effect on the fitness of the female and her offspring that arise from mating with a particular male) or a nonmating contexts (i.e., a female obtains direct benefits through selecting the male with a more detectable trait). Here, we compared the preferences of mate‐searching with those of ovigerous females that are searching for a burrow and do not concern about male “quality.” Results showed that as both mate‐searching and ovigerous females preferentially approached robotic males with faster wave rates. This suggests that wave rate increases detectability/locatability of males, but the mating preference for this trait is unlikely to evolve in the mating context (although it may currently function in mate choice), as it does not provide fitness‐related benefit to females or her offspring. Wave leadership, in contract, was attractive to mate‐searching females, but not ovigerous females, suggesting that female preference for leadership evolves because wave leadership conveys information about male quality. We provide not only an empirical evidence of sensory biases (in terms of the preference for faster wave), but the first experimental evidence that mating context can be the only selection force that mediates the evolution of male sexual traits and female preference (in terms of the preference for leading wave).
Application of Multi‐Criteria Analysis on Climate Adaptation Assessment in the Context of Least Developed Countries
Authors: Haque Anika Nasra
Published: July 2016

The developing countries are suffering the most because of climatic variability and they have an enormous backlog in basic infrastructure to protect their cities. In addition, the resources and technical expertise are limited. Therefore, the adaptation measures to protect their cities are needed to be planned and prioritized carefully to reduce the vulnerability simultaneously considering the risk reduction, local constraints and development goals. A framework for prioritization of adaptation measures is lacking in the decision making in this context which could immensely assist in informed and structured decisions during the planning process of adaptation strategies in developing countries. This paper is exploring the potential of Multi‐Criteria Analysis as a methodology for climate adaptation assessment in order to prioritize the adaptation measures to be undertaken. Hence in this paper Adaptation assessment is conducted within the framework of Multi‐Criteria Analysis methodology which allows both normative judgement and technical expertise in the assessment process. Such a participatory integrated assessment of adaptation options is a new approach in flood management in least developed countries. The assessment framework has been applied and tested at the Eastern fringe of Dhaka city which is highly vulnerable to flooding. Based on the assessment and analysis, adaptive measures are prioritized to enable more effective action. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple‐parameter Optimization in Drug Discovery: Example of the 5‐HT1B GPCR
Authors: Glen Robert Charles , Galloway Warren R. J. D. , Spring David R. , Liwiki Gemma
Published: July 2016

Early phase drug discovery is a multi‐parameter optimisation process. Finding drugable targets, discovering starting points for lead optimisation and creating novel structures with new biological properties within these constraints is challenging. As an example of a drug optimisation strategy, recent work on 5‐HT1B antagonists will be described. This is put in the context of the drugability of the target, the desired physicochemical properties of the desired molecules and approaches to compound design to create high affinity, selective molecules that are optimised to have low Central Nervous System (CNS) penetration.
A Nonlinear Electro-Mechanical Analysis of Nanobeams Based on the Size-Dependent Piezoelectricity Theory
Authors: Beni Y. T.
Published: July 2016

Nonlinear formulation of isotropic piezoelectric Euler-Bernoulli nano-beam is developed based on consistent size-dependent piezoelectricity theory. By considering geometrically nonlinear and axial displacement of the centroid of beam sections, basic nonlinear equations of piezoelectric nanobeam are derived using Hamilton's principle and variational method. Afterwards, in the special case for the formulation derived, hinged-hinged piezoelectric nanobeam is studied, and static deflection as well as free vibrations of the nanobeam under mechanical loads is determined. In this case, results of the linear formulation of the size-dependent theory are compared to those of the linear and nonlinear classical continuum theory.
How to Define a Bonus-Malus System with an Exponential Utility Function
Authors: Lemaire Jean
Published: July 2016

We compute a merit-rating system for automobile third party liability insurance by two different ways, both with the help of an exponential utility function.

(i) We apply the principle of zero utility to exponential utilities.

(ii) We break the symmetry between the overcharges and the undercharges by weighting them differently through the introduction of a utility function, in order to penalize the overcharges.

The results are applied to the portfolio of a Belgian company and compared to the premium system provided by the expected value principle.

Deux méthodes différentes, basées sur l'emploi de fonctions d'utilité exponentielles nous permettent de définir un système bonus-malus en assurance automobile:

(i) le principe de l'utilité nulle;

(ii) la pénalisation des injustices de la compagnie, obtenue en pondérant les erreurs de prime au moyen d'une fonction d'utilité de manière à briser la symétrie entre les primes trop élevées et les primes trop basses.

Les résultats théoriques sont appliqués au portefeuille d'une compagnie belge et comparés aux primes fournies par le principe de l'espérance mathématique.
Development of an indirectly suspended droplet for the extraction of hazardous phenols from environmental aqueous samples
Authors: Abdali Sh. , Daneshfar A. , Ghaedi M. , Khezeli T.
Published: July 2016

ISDME of water-miscible organic solvents as a simple, convenient, quick, sensitive and environmentally friendly microextraction technique for simultaneous monitoring and clean-up of hydroxybenzene and dihydroxybenzene isomers in water.
Development of a supramolecular ensemble of an AIEE active hexaphenylbenzene derivative and Ag@Cu2O core–shell NPs: an efficient photocatalytic system for C–H activation
Authors: Chopra Radhika , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana
Published: July 2016

Aggregates of hexaphenylbenzene stabilized Ag@Cu2O core–shell nanoparticles exhibit excellent photocatalytic efficiency for synthesizing imidazole/benzimidazole derivatives via C–H activation.
Dissociative electron transfer in polychlorinated aromatics. Reduction potentials from convolution analysis and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Romańczyk Piotr P. , Rotko Grzegorz , Kurek Stefan S.
Published: July 2016

The combination of convolution analysis and quantum-chemical calculations at DFT and CCSD(T)-F12 levels allows the determination of standard redox potentials and the mechanism type of dissociative ET in environmentally relevant polychlorinated benzenes.
Mono/bimetallic water-stable lanthanide coordination polymers as luminescent probes for detecting cations, anions and organic solvent molecules
Authors: Wang Huarui , Qin Jianhua , Huang Chao , Han Yanbing , Xu Wenjuan , Hou Hongwei
Published: July 2016

Eleven water-stable isostructural mono/bimetallic {[EuxTb1−x(HL)(H2O)3]·H2O}n were prepared. The Ln-CPs showed the emission quenching induced by Fe3+, Cr3+ cations and CrO42−, CO32− anions in aqueous solution.
The synthesis, conformation and hydrolytic stability of an N,S-bridging thiophosphoramidate analogue of thymidylyl-3′,5′-thymidine
Authors: Conway Louis P. , Mikkola Satu , O'Donoghue AnnMarie C. , Hodgson David R. W.
Published: July 2016

A simple, aqueous, protecting group-free synthesis of a dinucleotide is presented, and its stability and conformation are explored.
Assembly of composites into a core–shell structure using ultrasonic spray drying and catalytic application in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Zhao Wenyuan , Zhang Tonglai , Song Naimeng , Zhang Linong , Chen Zhenkui , Yang Li , Zhou Zunning
Published: July 2016

The (3,5-DNB)FeCo and (3,5-DNB)FeCu micro-nanospheres with core–shell structure are prepared by ultrasonic spray drying. The DSC curves indicate that (3,5-DNB)M·M′s with various mixed ratio have different effects on AP thermal decomposition.
Stereoselective Ethynylation and Propargylation of Chiral Cyclic Nitrones: Application to the Synthesis of Glycomimetics
Authors: García-Viñuales Sara , Delso Ignacio , Merino Pedro , Tejero Tomás
Published: July 2016

Ethynylation and propargylation of chiral nonracemic polyhydroxylated cyclic nitrones with Grignard reagents are efficient methods for preparing building blocks containing an alkyne moiety to be used in copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry. Whereas ethynylation takes place with excellent diastereoselectivity, propargylation afforded mixtures of diastereomers in some cases. The use of (trimethylsilyl)propargyl bromide as precursor of the Grignard reagent is necessary to avoid the formation of undesired allene derivatives. DFT calculations explain, within the experimental error, the observed behavior. Cycloaddition of the obtained pyrrolidinyl alkynes with sugar azides derived from β-(1,3)-glucans provides glycomimetics suitable to be used against fungal transglycosylases.
Antidepressive Kombinationsbehandlung bei Patienten mit schwerer depressiver Episode: Verordnungspraxis am Beispiel einer klinischen Stichprobe 2012
Authors: Schmidt-Kraepelin Christian , Horstkötter Eva , Zielasek Jürgen , Otten Marina , Cordes Joachim
Published: July 2016

Anliegen Der Einsatz antidepressiver Kombinationsbehandlungen wurde bisher nur in wenigen Studien untersucht.

Methode Die Verschreibungspraxis antidepressiver Kombinationstherapien wurde am LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf bei Patienten mit schwerer depressiver Episode (ICD-10 F32.2 und F33.2) retrospektiv untersucht.

Ergebnis Von 1198 stationären und teilstationären Fällen erhielten 25,1 % eine Kombination aus zwei oder mehr Antidepressiva.

Schlussfolgerung Kombinationstherapien werden häufig eingesetzt, was einem geringen Empfehlungsgrad der Behandlungsleitlinie gegenübersteht.
Scalar dissipation rate statistics in turbulent swirling jets
Authors: Stetsyuk V. , Soulopoulos N. , Hardalupas Y. , Taylor A. M. K. P.
Published: July 2016

The scalar dissipation rate statistics were measured in an isothermal flow formed by discharging a central jet in an annular stream of swirling air flow. This is a typical geometry used in swirl-stabilised burners, where the central jet is the fuel. The flow Reynolds number was 29 000, based on the area-averaged velocity of 8.46 m/s at the exit and the diameter of 50.8 mm. The scalar dissipation rate and its statistics were computed from two-dimensional imaging of the mixture fraction fields obtained with planar laser induced fluorescence of acetone. Three swirl numbers, S, of 0.3, 0.58, and 1.07 of the annular swirling stream were considered. The influence of the swirl number on scalar mixing, unconditional, and conditional scalar dissipation rate statistics were quantified. A procedure, based on a Wiener filter approach, was used to de-noise the raw mixture fraction images. The filtering errors on the scalar dissipation rate measurements were up to 15%, depending on downstream positions from the burner exit. The maximum of instantaneous scalar dissipation rate was found to be up to 35 s−1, while the mean dissipation rate was 10 times smaller. The probability density functions of the logarithm of the scalar dissipation rate fluctuations were found to be slightly negatively skewed at low swirl numbers and almost symmetrical when the swirl number increased. The assumption of statistical independence between the scalar and its dissipation rate was valid for higher swirl numbers at locations with low scalar fluctuations and less valid for low swirl numbers. The deviations from the assumption of statistical independence were quantified. The conditional mean of the scalar dissipation rate, the standard deviation of the scalar dissipation rate fluctuations, the weighted probability of occurrence of the mean conditional scalar dissipation rate, and the conditional probability are reported.
Time-dependent analysis of visible helium line-ratios for electron temperature and density diagnostic using synthetic simulations on NSTX-U
Authors: Muñoz Burgos J. M. , Barbui T. , Schmitz O. , Stutman D. , Tritz K.
Published: July 2016

Helium line-ratios for electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) plasma diagnostic in the Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL) and edge regions of tokamaks are widely used. Due to their intensities and proximity of wavelengths, the singlet, 667.8 and 728.1 nm, and triplet, 706.5 nm, visible lines have been typically preferred. Time-dependency of the triplet line (706.5 nm) has been previously analyzed in detail by including transient effects on line-ratios during gas-puff diagnostic applications. In this work, several line-ratio combinations within each of the two spin systems are analyzed with the purpose of eliminating transient effects to extend the application of this powerful diagnostic to high temporal resolution characterization of plasmas. The analysis is done using synthetic emission modeling and diagnostic for low electron density NSTX SOL plasma conditions by several visible lines. Quasi-static equilibrium and time-dependent models are employed to evaluate transient effects of the atomic population levels that may affect the derived electron temperatures and densities as the helium gas-puff penetrates the plasma. The analysis of a wider range of spectral lines will help to extend this powerful diagnostic to experiments where the wavelength range of the measured spectra may be constrained either by limitations of the spectrometer or by other conflicting lines from different ions.
The upgrade of the Thomson scattering system for measurement on the C-2/C-2U devices
Authors: Zhai K. , Schindler T. , Kinley J. , Deng B. , Thompson M. C.
Published: July 2016

The C-2/C-2U Thomson scattering system has been substantially upgraded during the latter phase of C-2/C-2U program. A Rayleigh channel has been added to each of the three polychromators of the C-2/C-2U Thomson scattering system. Onsite spectral calibration has been applied to avoid the issue of different channel responses at different spots on the photomultiplier tube surface. With the added Rayleigh channel, the absolute intensity response of the system is calibrated with Rayleigh scattering in argon gas from 0.1 to 4 Torr, where the Rayleigh scattering signal is comparable to the Thomson scattering signal at electron densities from 1 × 1013 to 4 × 1014 cm−3. A new signal processing algorithm, using a maximum likelihood method and including detailed analysis of different noise contributions within the system, has been developed to obtain electron temperature and density profiles. The system setup, spectral and intensity calibration procedure and its outcome, data analysis, and the results of electron temperature/density profile measurements will be presented.
Stability of dust ion acoustic solitary waves in a collisionless unmagnetized nonthermal plasma in presence of isothermal positrons
Authors: Sardar Sankirtan , Bandyopadhyay Anup , Das K. P.
Published: July 2016

A three-dimensional KP (Kadomtsev Petviashvili) equation is derived here describing the propagation of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive dust ion acoustic wave in a collisionless unmagnetized plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions, static negatively charged dust grains, nonthermal electrons, and isothermal positrons. When the coefficient of the nonlinear term of the KP-equation vanishes an appropriate modified KP (MKP) equation describing the propagation of dust ion acoustic wave is derived. Again when the coefficient of the nonlinear term of this MKP equation vanishes, a further modified KP equation is derived. Finally, the stability of the solitary wave solutions of the KP and the different modified KP equations are investigated by the small-k perturbation expansion method of Rowlands and Infeld [J. Plasma Phys. 3, 567 (1969); 8, 105 (1972); 10, 293 (1973); 33, 171 (1985); 41, 139 (1989); Sov. Phys. - JETP 38, 494 (1974)] at the lowest order of k, where k is the wave number of a long-wavelength plane-wave perturbation. The solitary wave solutions of the different evolution equations are found to be stable at this order.
Design of geometric phase measurement in EAST Tokamak
Authors: Lan T. , Liu H. Q. , Liu J. , Jie Y. X. , Wang Y. L. , Gao X. , Qin H.
Published: July 2016

The optimum scheme for geometric phase measurement in EAST Tokamak is proposed in this paper. The theoretical values of geometric phase for the probe beams of EAST Polarimeter-Interferometer (POINT) system are calculated by path integration in parameter space. Meanwhile, the influences of some controllable parameters on geometric phase are evaluated. The feasibility and challenge of distinguishing geometric effect in the POINT signal are also assessed in detail.
Communication: Effect of accidental mode degeneracy on Raman intensity in 2D materials: Hybrid functional study of bilayer phosphorene
Authors: Sun Yi-Yang , Zhang Shengbai
Published: July 2016

Bulk black phosphorus has two optical phonon modes labeled as Ag2 and B2u, respectively, that are nearly degenerate in frequency. However, density functional theory calculations using local or semi-local functionals cannot reproduce this degeneracy. Here, we propose a hybrid functional approach aided by van der Waals (vdW) force fields, which can accurately describe the lattice dynamic and electronic properties of both bulk and few-layer black phosphorus (phosphorene). Using this approach we show that in bilayer phosphorene, the two Raman modes derived from the B2u and Ag2 modes could exhibit strong resonance as a result of the accidental degeneracy so that both modes could be observed in Raman experiment. Without the mode degeneracy, however, the Raman intensity of the B2u-derived mode would be too weak to be observed. We further show that the accidental degeneracy is correlated to the applied strain, which enables Raman spectroscopy to be a powerful tool for characterizing built-in strains in 2D materials, e.g., due to the interaction with substrates, which has emerged as an important issue in vdW epitaxy.