bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the biomechanical changes in lumbar spine among patients with injuries around the knee joint: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Raghav Sumit , Singh Anshika
Published: July 2020

The knee is one of the body's more complicated joints and is susceptible to various injuries. A closed kinetic relationship exists between the lumbar spine and knee joint and any dysfunction in knee or lumbar region may result in compensation, joint dysfunction and pain in either one or both the regions. Therefore, the above stated reason highlights the need of analyzing the spine biomechanically. So, that a new physiotherapeutic assessment and treatment approach can be developed in future to prevent permanent adaptive changes in the posture in patients with knee injuries. This systematic review protocol has been conducted by two independent reviewers who searched the articles using electronic search for publications in several databases: Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, JSTOR, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the selection criteria, study papers published between the years 2001 to 2019 have been selected. Studies of human participants of any age having injuries around knee joint have been eligible, and there was no restriction on type of injuries. All the study papers have been analyzed using modified Downs and Black scale and scores have been awarded for the items selected on a 27 point scale. This review has collected secondary data only; hence no ethical approval was required. The results of this review protocol will provide evidence regarding changes in lumbar spine in patients with injuries around knee and this information will be useful in planning for rehabilitation in knee and around knee injury.
Role of undergraduate teaching: a link between patients and program implementation
Authors: P. Priya Karpaga , Raj Utsav , Giri Anjan Kumar
Published: July 2020

In India, tuberculosis (TB) remains to be one of the communicable diseases of major public health concern. Majority of the vulnerable population remain in urban parts of India. The role of active case finding and notification takes a spotlight for the successful implementation of the program. This article gives a case report of how an undergraduate training in conducting a house-house field survey as a part of community postings have enabled a TB patient from getting a timely diagnosis and treatment follow up. The stigma associated with the disease still continues, which has been appropriately addressed by our urban health training center. This has enabled the patient to complete the treatment successfully and become a TB champion. This case report depicts the importance of community-based field training to undergraduate medical students to enhance their skills and ability as well as to strengthen the ongoing national programs, a blessing in disguise.
Life after lockdown: making workplaces safer
Authors: Sharma Sarita , Ukey Ujwala , Rathod Pragati , Patil Sonali , Narlawar Uday
Published: July 2020

Considering the relentless nature of spread of COVID-19 with no end in sight, many countries have now decided to lift off some restrictions and allow some non-essential services, at least in those areas which are not severely hit by COVID-19. Lack of planning for reopening can result in a cascade of failures as employers are not aware of how to address challenges of COVID-19 with limited resources under pandemic conditions. Undoubtedly this demands lots of modifications at the workplaces that will require various strategies including primarily development and implementation of the plan and maintaining and revising it from time to time. Thorough literature search was conducted for this purpose on varied search engines applying key terms as ‘COVID-19’ and ‘return to work’ and ‘safe workplaces’ and ‘life after lockdown’ which revealed different elaborate guidelines framed by various competent authorities in relation to reopening workplaces after lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic. The current review is an attempt towards combining and presenting broad guidelines for workplaces in a simplified manner.
Trend of dengue fever in COVID-19 period: observation from Kerala, India
Authors: Varghese Basil , Kumaran Jayasree Anandabhavan
Published: July 2020

The surge of dengue fever cases occurring in the rainy season is the usual scenario as the mosquito breed in the stagnant water collection after the rain. The peak of this hyper-endemic usually occur in the months of June to September in Kerala.
Digital Radiography
Authors: Ali Hassan Shaik , Bhateja Sumit , Arora Geetika , Prathyusha Francis
Published: July 2020

Digital radiography has been accessible in dentistry for over 25 years, yet it has not supplanted customary film-based radiography totally. This could be a result of the costs engaged with supplanting ordinary radiographic hardware with a digital imaging framework, or on the grounds that actualizing new innovation in the dental practice requires a touch of fearlessness. As utilization of digital radiography turns out to be increasingly normal, many dental specialists are thinking about whether and how they can supplant regular film-based imaging with a digital framework. In this review article we will tell the digital imaging and its recent advancements.
Caracterização e propriedades de bioplásticos obtidos a partir de polvilho doce com diferentes proporções de amido
Authors: Azevedo Alexandre Reis , Fernandes Carolina Chaves
Published: July 2020

A presente pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de caracterizar filmes de bioplásticos obtidos através do polvilho doce com diferentes proporções de amido e relacioná-los com os diferentes plásticos, já existentes, identificando características físicas, químicas e térmicas. Tendo em vista que a substituição dos plásticos hoje utilizados na produção de materiais de construção, embalagens, peças automotivas, etc; são advindas de materiais não renováveis e esta substituição seria de grande contribuição para o meio ambiente pela produção dos filmes poliméricos presentes neste estudo apresentaremos sua composição de fontes renováveis.
Hermenêutica humanista, ética da magistratura e os princípios de Bangalore: elementos de uma normatividade estruturante
Authors: Venturi Eliseu Raphael
Published: July 2020

Ante o “desafio humanista” enunciado por juristas, filósofos do direito e igualmente insculpido nos diplomas fundamentais asseguradores de direitos, abordam-se nesse artigo algumas das possibilidades hermenêuticas do tema, em especial sob a óptica dos debates acerca da humanização da justiça e da legitimação ética dos processos de intervenção na sociedade realizados sob a técnica jurídica, que se encontram, igualmente, implicados pelo aspecto crítico que questiona e problematiza o humanismo. A ética da magistratura, por força de seus princípios, encontra-se diretamente envolta no debate, em especial pelos Princípios de Bangalore. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, teórica e interpretativa.
POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE ASSISTÊNCIA ESTUDANTIL: UM ESTUDO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Marrelli Matos Mauricio Nathanni , Beraldo Keile Aparecida , Carneiro de Lima Thiago
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar os resultados da implementação do PNAES no âmbito da UFT, para tanto realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e documental, baseadas nos critérios de avaliação eficiência, eficácia e efetividade e levando em consideração as dimensões operacionais insumo, processo, resultado e transformação. Os principais resultados apontam que ao longo do período de 2010 a 2017 o recurso do PNAES utilizado pela UFT cresceu exponencialmente, mas em algumas áreas a UFT ainda não conseguiu desenvolver ações. O campus de Miracema, no período pesquisado, foi o que apresentou a maior proporção de ingressantes em situação de vulnerabilidade. A UFT conseguiu atender a totalidade dos estudantes em vulnerabilidade extrema e alta. Em 2017, nos cursos que atenderam todos os estudantes solicitantes, houve queda na média do coeficiente de rendimento acadêmico, ano que também houve a redução dos benefícios concedidos em relação ao período de 2010 a 2016. Por outro lado, em 2017 o percentual da evasão total da UFT diminuiu. Com relação a Taxa de Sucesso na Graduação, este indicador se manteve ascendente nos anos de 2010 a 2012 e em 2014 e 2015, porém caiu em 2013, 2016 e 2017.
GESTÃO E PARTICIPAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE PLANOS DIRETORES MUNICIPAIS NO PIAUÍ
Authors: Bueno Paulo Henrique De Carvalho , Lima Antônia Jesuíta de
Published: July 2020

O Plano Diretor (PD), regulamentado pela Lei Federal n° 10.257/2001 (BRASIL 2001), traz em seu seio as possibilidades de implementação de um sistema de gestão da cidade de forma democrática e com ampla participação popular, um dos mecanismos de controle social das políticas públicas por parte da sociedade civil. É nesse sentido que se inscreve este artigo, o qual visa analisar como o sistema de gestão e participação democrática é tratado nos PD’s de municípios do estado do Piauí de modo a verificar o grau de importância, instrumentos e mecanismos de realização dessa dimensão no conjunto da agenda pública municipal. Essa reflexão é parte de uma pesquisa sobre planos diretores e sustentabilidade em municípios piauienses. A discussão se apoia em bibliografia concernente à temática e nos instrumentos legais municipais. Os resultados mostraram que, de forma geral, os planos analisados fazem menção à gestão democrática e participativa; entretanto, apenas onze deles detalharam a sistemática de operacionalização. À exceção do plano do município de Altos, os demais citam instâncias de participação popular, mas, em sua maioria, com caráter consultivo e propositivo, sem poder de deliberação.
PROGRAMA ESTRATÉGICO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO GERENCIAL (PEDG): ESTUDO AVALIATIVO NO CENTRO DE HEMATOLOGIA E HEMOTERAPIA DO CEARÁ (HEMOCE)
Authors: Lima Marcos Antonio Martins , Silva Denize De Melo , Firmeza Julia De Souza
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo objetiva avaliar o Programa Estratégico de Desenvolvimento Gerencial (PEDG) empreendido no Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceará (HEMOCE). Nesse contexto, pretende-se desvelar a importância das ações educativas promovidas na referida organização, com o intuito de ocasionar melhorias eficazes nos processos e programas desenvolvidos na instituição. Esse processo constitui-se como contínuo e essencial para o desenvolvimento da organização supracitada. Cabe, pois, considerar os módulos educacionais com vistas ao desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, habilidades, atitudes e resultados que permeiam o processo de gestão empreendido. A metodologia de avaliação aplicada no presente programa educacional fundamenta-se no primeiro nível de avaliação de Kirkpatrick (1998), isto é, o nível de reação, segundo a percepção avaliativa de todos os participantes em relação às seguintes estruturas de avaliação: (I) programa; (II) coordenação do curso pelo HEMOCE; (III) apoio logístico; (IV) autoavaliação; (V) facilitador; e (VI) elogios, críticas e sugestões. Considerou-se como produto da ação educativa realizada na organização a estruturação de um programa de desenvolvimento gerencial, por meio de ações concretas através de quatro projetos aplicativos, aliando os conhecimentos teórico-práticos às especificidades e aos desafios da organização pesquisada.
MULHERES EM EVIDÊNCIA: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS DA MULHER CONTABILISTA
Authors: Costa Nonato Karen Emanuelly , Pereira da Silva Annandy Raquel , Soares do Nascimento Ítalo Carlos , De Miranda Mariza Camila , Leite Batista da Costa Wênyka Preston
Published: July 2020

A participação da mulher no mercado de trabalho tem alcançado destaque positivo, especialmente nos últimos anos. Na classe contábil não seria diferente, a mulher contabilista vem conseguindo ter participação expressiva. Por esse motivo, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é identificar os desafios enfrentados pela mulher contabilista no exercício da profissão. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se como metodologia um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quali-quantitativa e através de um estudo de campo. Os resultados evidenciaram que o perfil das participantes dessa pesquisa constitui-se, no geral, em mulheres jovens e mais experientes, que acreditam que na profissão contábil não existe desigualdade de oportunidades, mas que existe divergências na contratação e distinção salarial de ambos os gêneros, além de concordar que estão conseguindo conquistar seu espaço, reconhecimento e valorização na profissão, destacando ainda que possuem maior senso de grupo que o gênero masculino. Assim, as perspectivas esperadas estão relacionadas à possibilidade de crescimento na carreira, bem como de alcançar qualificação profissional. No entanto, destacaram que o principal desafio está em conciliar o tempo entre a família e a vida profissional.
A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Alcoforado Daniela Gomes , Farias Miriam Leite , Andrade Jackeline Amantino de , Sousa Júnior João Henriques de
Published: July 2020

Os estudos sobre cultura organizacional ganharam força na década de 1980 por meio do chamado “milagre japonês”. Quarenta anos após sua instituição, pesquisas sobre o tema ainda se encontram presente nas produções científicas brasileiras. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão sobre a produção científica brasileira acerca do tema cultura organizacional nos anos de 2009 a 2018. Para tanto, foi conduzida uma revisão integrativa dos artigos publicados na base de dados Spell durante o intervalo referido. 108 artigos foram analisados a partir de suas características principais e temas de conhecimento abordados. Os principais achados demonstram que a produção científica brasileira no que se refere à cultura organizacional é heterogênea, não havendo uma alta concentração dos estudos em autores, universidades ou periódicos específicos. Edgar Schein continua como principal teórico conceitual do tema e os estudos de cultura organizacional tendem a se relacionar com outras áreas de pesquisas mais atuais, como inovação, estratégia e sustentabilidade.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO NO SETOR DE GOVERNANÇA DOS HOTÉIS DE PEQUENO PORTE DE JOÃO PESSOA-PB
Authors: Menezes Paula Dutra Leão de , Santana Carla Da Silva , Silva Ediomara Lucindo , Soares Maria Lindacy
Published: July 2020

A qualidade na prestação de serviços está associada a satisfação dos diversos colaboradores da empresa e propiciará bons resultados ao estabelecimento. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem por objetivo diagnosticar a satisfação dos funcionários no ambiente de trabalho e, consequentemente, determinar a percepção sobre a qualidade de vida no trabalho das funcionárias do setor de governança dos hotéis de pequeno porte dos bairros de Tambaú, Manaíra e Cabo Branco localizados na orla da cidade de João Pessoa. Quanto aos meios de investigação, foi aplicado questionário fechado com as governantas e camareiras. Constatou-se que não existe diferente percepção entre as funcionárias em cargo de chefia (governantas) e as funcionárias do setor (camareiras) sobre os estabelecimentos pesquisados. De modo geral, os resultados obtidos são positivos no que se refere as questões analisadas e aos fatores que determinam a satisfação no ambiente de trabalho e a qualidade de vida no trabalho. Contudo, no que concerne à remuneração registra-se alto índice de insatisfação pelas funcionárias de modo que os gestores deveriam se ater na possibilidade de minimizar tal insatisfação.
Effect of Aerobic Training and L-carnitine on MDA, GPX and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Shahsavar Alireza , Rajabi Hamid , Gharakhanlou Reza , Dehkhoda Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2020

Objective: L-carnitine is associated with an increase in antioxidant enzymes activities and reduction in oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and Lcarnitine cconsumption on hippocampal oxidative stress and neurogenesis factors in diabetic rats.
eurogenesis factors in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male wistar rats were divided into six groups including sham (5 rats), healthy control (8 rats), diabetic control (8 rats), diabetic receiving L-carnitine (8 rats), diabetic receiving aerobic exercise (8 rats), diabetic receiving L-carnitine and aerobic exercise (8 rats). Rats with serum glucose level higher than 300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. L-carnitine supplemented dose was 100 mg per day. The aerobic exercise protocol including five sessions per week started at a speed of 10 for 20 min at a zero-degree grade in the first week and gradually reached a speed of 20 for 40 min at a grade of 5 in the sixth week. The Hippocampal tissues of the dependent variables (BDNF, MDA and GPX) were measured by ELISA 24 hours after the last session of the exercise program. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at P-value< 0.05 were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of the study revealed that aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption have a significant effect on BDNF (Pvalue= 001), MDA (P-value= 001) and GPX (P-value= 001) of the diabetic rats.
Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested that diabetic patients use aerobic exercise and supplementation with carnitine with caution and physician advice.
The Effect of Detraining High Intensity Interval Training on the Expression of AKT1 and mTORc1 Genes in the Left Ventricle of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Soltanipour jounaghani Farzaneh , Peeri Maghsoud , Azarbayjani Mohammad-Ali
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of detraining after 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of AKT1 and mTORc1 genes in the left ventricle of wistar diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight wistar male rats were selected as the study sample and were divided in four groups of healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic HIIT and diabetic HIIT + detraining. The HIIT period was 12 weeks and the detraining period was 6 weeks. Each session consisted of 30 minutes, which included running on a treadmill with one-minute repetitions and a two-minute active recovery between them. To measure AKT1 mRNA and mTORc1 mRNA by RT-Real time PCR, a single-step single step SYBR TAKARA kits from Takara Company was used according to the company's instruction.
Results: HIIT caused a significant increase in AKT1 gene expression (P-value= 0.001). AKT1 decreased with detraining that was not significant (P-value= 0.34) but it was still significantly higher than before training (P-value= 0.017). HIIT caused a significant increase in mTORc1 gene expression (P-value= 0.001) and although it decreased with detraining (P-value= 0.15) and it was no significantly higher than before training (P-value= 0.19).
Conclusion: HIIT led to increased expression of AKT1 and mTORc1 genes in type 2 diabetic rats, while also producing favorable changes in the cardiac structure of these rats. Also, 6 weeks of detraining did somewhat reduce these favorable changes.
REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: ATTITUDE TOWARDS PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY
Authors: Maison  , Lukman Aprizal , Jannah Nurdatul , Putra Dodi Setiawan , Puspitasari Tari Okta
Published: July 2020

Purpose of the study: The attitudes of students when learning are behaviors that can be learned from psychology. This study aims to determine the comparison of students' attitudes towards physics and biology in Adhyaksa 1 Senior High School in Jambi City and the State Senior High School 8 in Batanghari Regency, Indonesia.

Methodology: The sample used was 282 students consisting of 140 students at Senior High School Adhyaksa 1 Jambi, and 142 students at Senior High School 8 Batanghari, and this type of research was a comparative quantitative study with a survey design. The instrument used was a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Main Findings: The results obtained indicate that there are differences in the attitudes of students at senior high school Adhyaksa 1 Jambi with Senior high school 8 Batanghari with a ratio of 0.046 attitudes toward physics and 0.032 attitudes toward biology. Shows that students' attitudes toward physics and biology have some comparisons in the Batanghari region and the Kota Jambi.

Applications of this study: These findings can contribute to the realm of psychology to enhance students' positive attitudes towards physics and biology subjects in secondary education institutions, especially in the Indonesian region. Negative attitudes towards science, especially towards physics and biology such as those found in senior high schools in the Batanghari Regency and Jambi City, need to be pursued to become positive attitudes.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is to explore the quality psychology knowledge of students for Physics and biology teachers, especially in education. Besides, to find out how students' attitudes towards science, especially physics and biology. In this case, the student attitudes towards physics and biology in the Batanghari Region and Jambi City.
Women Abuse Screening Tool: A Validation Study on Nigerian Pregnant Women
Authors: Bello Ibukunoluwa B , Akinnawo Ebernezer O , Akpunne Bede C
Published: July 2020

Domestic violence is identified across the globe as a menace as it poses a threat to the mental health of its victims, the significant others of the victim and the security of a nation at large. In some cases, the victim of domestic violence is a pregnant woman and harm is caused not only to a woman but her fetus also and this calls for urgent psychological assessment and intervention. Although there is no doubt that psychological tests are effective in the assessment of domestic violence, using the psychometric properties obtained from a different population may produce generate inaccurate findings. This paper therefore attempts the validation study of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) using a sample of 379 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study derived a Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability of 0.758, p <.05 and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.683, p <.05. Furthermore, concurrent validity of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and Ongoing Abuse Screen (OAS) was established as 0.29, p<.05. The norms of the instrument were given as 2.38 for tolerable level of domestic violence and 5.79 for severe and pathological level of domestic violence. Authors conclude that Women Abuse Screening Tool has acceptable psychometric properties to justify its usage for the assessment of level of domestic violence among pregnant women in Nigeria and other nations with similar socio-cultural backgrounds.
Exploring the Impact of the Counseling Service on Student-Teachers' Academic Performance: The Case of E.P. College of Education, Bimbilla
Authors: Amoah Charles Agyei , Emmanuel Ampong
Published: July 2020

The study sought to explore the impact of counseling service on students’ academic performance in E.P. College of Education, Bimbilla. The objectives of the study were: one, to examine the impact of the counselling service on student-teachers’ academic performance; two, to find out what motivates student-teachers to patronize the counseling service; and lastly, to find out the perception student-teachers have about the role of the counseling service in E.P. College of Education, Bimbilla. The study employed the qualitative approach with case study in focus. Two hundred and fifty (250) student-teachers, four (4) tutor-counselors and a vice principal were selected using the stratified sampling technique. The respondents were made to fill questionnaires and also interviewed. After successful data collection, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. The data was also analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions and percentages. Qualitative descriptions were also used in the presentation of data. The study found out that counselling service equips student-teachers with good study and time management skills to improve their academic performance. The study concluded that counseling service could help student-teachers build positive self-image which could lead to better academic performance. One of the implications of the findings is that if student-teachers seek counseling, they would be assisted to develop good study skills.
Diversification Strategy and Financial Performance of Nigeria Private Firms
Authors: Ozigbo Ada Mac- , Daniel Dr. Cross Ogohi
Published: July 2020

The relationship between diversification and firm performance varies among institutions and over time. Less is known about the advantageousness of diversification in economy-wide crises, which have occurred frequently in recent years Using data from a recent survey, we studied nearly 400 Nigeria private firms using two different approaches panel and cross-period comparisons. The findings of both approaches show that diversified firms performed better than focused firms. This was also true during the 2008 global financial crisis. The higher the diversification level, the more positive the firm performance was. We also investigated the influence of ownership structure. Firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family tend to have unsatisfactory performance under crisis. This finding provides evidence of the increasing attention on management and governance to explain firm. Linear regression models were evaluated to test the effect of diversification on firm performance. Panel A uses profit as the dependent variable, and Panel B uses sales. For each year (2007, 2008, and 2009), two regression models were evaluated: one testing the impact of diversification and the other testing the impact of the diversification level. We found that diversified firms performed better than focused firms during the recent global financial crisis. The diversification level was positively and linearly related to performance, that is, more diversified firms performed better. Moreover, we found that private firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family performed worse under crisis.
Influence Of Firm Resources, Organizational Characteristics and Macro-Environment on Export Performance of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Kitonyi Samson , Kibera Francis , Gathungu James , Yabs John
Published: July 2020

The broad objective of this study was to determine the joint influence of firm resources, organizational characteristics, and macro environment on export performance of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Nairobi city county, Kenya. A conceptual model was developed, and from it, a hypothesis was formulated to test the joint influence of firm resources, organizational characteristics, and macro environment on export performance. The study is anchored on four theories; the Resource Based Theory, Porters Theory of competitive advantage, The Industrial Organization Theory and Firm Internationalization Theory. The research was a cross-sectional survey of 265 companies in Nairobi City County, chosen from a population of 853 companies. The unit of analysis was the SMME involved in exporting. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to evaluate internal consistency and homogeneity among the study variables. Out of the 265 firms sampled, 238 completed the questionnaire resulting in 89.1 percent response rate. The responses were then used to evaluate the hypothesis of the research. A level of five percent was chosen when testing the coefficients' importance. The findings from the hypothesis was that, jointly,firm resources,organizational characteristics and macro-environment influence export performance. The study has contributed to theory, policy, management and practice, industry and methodology. Based on the research results, the national and county governments need to formulate legislation and policies that promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, such as creating an appropriate atmosphere for SMMES to acquire credit and recommending appropriate and effective production processes. Further, stakeholders in export promotion should appreciate and place an emphasis on the importance and impact of the economic factor in the macro-environment to guide existing and potential investors in manufacturing and exporting sector. The research had certain constraints primarily due to the categorization of the enterprises by the various government agencies and stakeholders. The limitations however did not have significant effect on the findings. Future studies should address the scope and geographical coverage of SMMEs.
From the Right to be Let Alone to the Control of Personal Data (in the Labour Context)
Authors: Brito Paula
Published: July 2020

The theme of this paper is the paradigm shift in the outlook of workers’ privacy protection. The focus of this work is the successive and recent evolution of this theme, defending an active approach to privacy, per which the workers have sufficient control over their data. The theoretical framework of the worker’s right to privacy and its adaptation to the current technological world is the base of the adopted methodology. It includes the study of the legislation, doctrinal and jurisprudential positions, and guidelines from various bodies and entities. The conclusions summarise the current challenges faced by the labour jurist, in an era when NICT (new information and communication technologies) are part of the corporate environment to find ways to raise awareness about the reaffirmation of limits and control of technology, as the only way to guarantee the safeguarding of the workers’ fundamental rights, which are undoubtedly essential for defending the worker in a potentially absorbing context outside his domain, being subject to corporate power. The conciliation between the defence of workers’ privacy, on the one hand, and business interests and rights, on the other hand, is the reference for balance.
Exchange Rate Volatility and International Trade-in
Authors: Ikechi Kanu Success , Anthony Nwadiubu
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the impact of exchange rate volatilities on international trade in Nigeria. The research is carried under the assumption that exchange rate volatilities are deemed to impact on the volume of export and import trading activities. The study made use of Secondary data from 1996 to 2018. Econometric tools were used to ascertain relationships. The paper established a mixed result between the variables under review. While some of the tests did not provide adequate and predictive information on the relationship between exports, imports and real effective exchange rate, others did. The VAR model estimates indicate an inverse relationship between Export, Import and REER in current periods. A unit increase in export and import in a particular year leads to about 0.9% and 0.4% decrease in REER respectively. Variance decomposition analysis suggests that the shocks partially explain fluctuations in REER, as well as exports and imports. The Impulse response analysis indicates a negative association between export and real effective exchange rate while it was majorly positive for imports throughout the ten periods. The causal effect reveals that import causes exports but that exports do not granger cause imports. The ARCH modelling approach suggests the existence of a first-order Arch effect and a significant GARCH term. Though the Coefficient of GARCH in a mean term is negative; it produced a singular covariance which by itself is not unique. Results show evidence of volatility of REER clustering on import and export trading activities in Nigeria. This could have serious implications for growth in Nigeria, as a reduction in the growth of exports could reduce the foreign exchange earnings available for the financing of developmental projects. At the same time, a decline in imports could affect domestic production and consumption. It could also impinge negatively on the balance of payment positions for Nigeria. In line with these observations, monetary and fiscal interventions are required to mitigate the adverse effects since financial shocks often exacerbate exchange rate volatilities.
Pelagic Fish Eggs Diversity in the Nearshore Waters of Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of India
Authors: Saroj Jyoti , Jawahar P. , Srinivasan A. , Neethiselvan N. , Jayakumar N.
Published: July 2020

Background: A study of the diversity, distribution and development of fish eggs and larvae as an integral part of a fishery research programme serves as a valuable aid in the proper management of fisheries. The study is also an essential prerequisite in understanding the spawning biomass of forecasting and trends of production. Information available on diversity of fish eggs from Indian waters is inadequate. The present study was conducted to understand the diversity and distribution of pelagic fish eggs in the nearshore waters of Gulf of Mannar. Methods: The present study conducted at three stations-Mandapam, Thoothukudi and Punnakayal in the waters of Gulf of Mannar, during 2017-2019. A total of 684 ichthyoplankton samples were collected. In the laboratory, the samples were sorted and identified. The diversity was calculated by Shannon-Weiner, Margalef richness index and Pielou’s evenness indices. All the diversity indices were done by using the PRIMER-E software. Result: Our investigation was taken up with objective to assess the status of pelagic fish eggs diversity in the nearshore waters of Gulf of Mannar and found to be more productive. From the diversity study, it is evident that the Punnakayal waters are habitat for a rich diversity of fish species and also a spawning and nursery ground for fishes. Fish eggs diversity is significant for management of fishery resources.
DAYA ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis ANTIBACTERIAL POTENCY OF PINEAPPLE PEEL EXTRACT (Ananas comosus) ON Enterococcus faecalis GROWTH
Authors: Arantika Putri Rega Maurischa , Yuanita Tamara , Roelianto Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Background: Root canal infections is caused by the colonization of microorganisms. Microorganisms that commonly found in root canal failure is Enterococcus faecalis. These bacteria can be found in 80-90% of root canal infections. Currently, many plants are used as antibacterial drugs. Pineapple is one plant that can be used as antibacterial drugs. Pineapple peel has a variety of antibacterial chemical compounds, such as, bromelain, saponins, tannins and flavonoids that can inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Aim: To obtain concentration of antibacterial from pineapple peel extract on Enterococcus faecalis growth. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with Post Test Only control group design using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 bacteria that were diluted based on Mc. Farland standard 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml with pineapple peel extract treatment concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0, 78% and then planted in nutrient agar media surface evenly. Results: At concentration of 3.125% pineapple peel extract showed that the growth of colonies was less than 90% of positive control and concentration of 6.25% pineapple peel extract had no visible Enterococcus faecalis bacteria growth as much as 99.9%. Conclusion: The pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus) have antibacterial power on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial colonies with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 3.125% and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 6.25%.
PREVALENSI KARIES GIGI POSTERIOR BERDASARKAN KEDALAMAN, USIA DAN JENIS KELAMIN DI RSGM FKG UNAIR TAHUN 2014 (Prevalence of Posterior Teeth Caries by The Depth of Cavity, Age and Gender at RSGM FKG UNAIR in 2014)
Authors: Rahardjo Amelia Kristanti Rahardjo , Widjiastuti Ira , Prasetyo Edhie Arif
Published: July 2020

Background. Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic disease of people worldwide, and also Indonesia. Based on Indonesian Basic Research from  Health Department, prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia was 90.5%. When dental caries rates are reported by gender, female are found to exhibit higher prevalence rates than male. Dental caries is disease of lifetime because it can spread out more throughout life and will continue until the teeth are destroyed without a proper treatment.  Purpose. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of posterior teeth caries by the depth of cavity, age, and gender at RSGM FKG UNAIR.  Method. Analytic observational study with cross-sectional and stratified random sampling method. Result. Out of 420 patients with teeth caries, 169 male patients (40.2 %) and 251 female patients (59.8 %). The highest prevalence is deep caries (59.76%) and the lowest prevalence is superficial caries (15.95%). Conclusion. It was concluded that there is  correlation between the depth of cavity increase by age and female has higher caries prevalence than male but no significance differences between cavity depth and gender.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) sebagai Bahan Pembersih Saluran Akar Gigi (The Effectiveness of Wuluh Starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) Leaf Extract as Root Canal Cleaner)
Authors: N Amalia Dara , Widjiastuti Ira , Setyowati Laksmiari
Published: July 2020

Background: Preparation is one of the stages in endodontic treatment that always produce debris as a result of intrumentation on root canal walls. Debris consist of organic and inorganic materials. Debris will impede the penetration of disinfection materials and reduce attachment of the root canal filling material, therefore needed root canal irrigant which can remove the debris. Wuluh starfruit leaf extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) contain various active compound, such as saponin. Saponin act as “surfactants” which can remove the debris. Purpose: This study was to determine the cleaning effectiveness concentration of wuluh starfruit leaf extract which can clean the root canal walls from debris. Method: Twenty five first premolar human teeth with straight single roots were randomized into five groups in which each group consist of five teeth. Those teeth instrumented with K-file and irrigated as follows: Group 1 (control) used aquadest as irrigant, group 2 used extract 5%, group 3 used extract 10%, group 4 used extract 15%, and group 5 used extract 20%. Then, those teeth were split horizontally and longitudinally in 1/3 apex. After that, the apical third of root canal walls were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result: There were significant differences between each group (p<0,05). Group 4 and 5 had smallest median score that was 1. Saponin in wuluh star fruit leaf extract 15% has been reach critical micelle concentration (CMC). Conclusion: Wuluh starfruit leaf extract 15% effective for cleaning root canal walls from debris.
Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi linn) terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi linn Leaf Extract against Enterococcus Faecalis)
Authors: Astuti Ranggi Hardian Nugro , Samadi Karlina , Prasetyo Eric Priyo
Published: July 2020

Background. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial infection caused the failure of root canal treatment between 24%-77%. This is due to various factors resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. This research to find alternative materials that have antibacterial properties and by utilizing natural ingredients that can later be used as a root canal irrigation. Antibacterial activity of the Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract that has antibacterial activity against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is a labolatory experimental with post test only control group design which use diluted Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 according Mc. Farland standard 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml. With treatment Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract on concentration 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25% given to each of 0,05 ml  Enterococcus faecalis and using Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) as planting media. Result. At the concentration 30% of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract, showed that colony’s growth less than 10%. At the concentration 35% was not revealed any bacterial growth. Conclusion. The Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract has antibacterial effect on bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. The MIC was at 30% and MBC was at 35%.
Perbedaan daya antiglukan NaOCl 2,5% dan ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) 0,09% terhadap Enterococcus faecalis (Comparison of antiglucan activity between NaOCl 2.5% and mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn) 0.09% against Enterococcus faecalis)
Authors: Rahardia Nabiela , Rulianto M , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin
Published: July 2020

Background. Failure of endodontic treatment is commonly caused by the persistent microorganisms remaining in the root canal such as Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis can form a biofilm in tough environmental conditions within the root canals and caused biofilm-mediated infections which needs more complicated treatment due to the increasing of antimicrobial resistance. The biofilm formation initial and most important step is bacteria adherence to the solid surface that is mediated by glucan. NaOCl 2.5% is a commonly used root canal medicaments but can cause injury of periapical tissue. Mangosteen pericarp extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and xanthone have mechanism for inhibiting adherence of bacterial biofilm. Difference of antibacterial activity between NaOCl 2.5% and mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% can be determined by experimental laboratory to determine the adherence of bacteria in each treatment. Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the difference of antiglucan activity between NaOCl 2.5% and mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% on Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This study was designed as an experimental laboratory study with post  test only control group design using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Mangosteen pericarp was extracted using maceration method. Adherence analysis was observed after 24 hours by examining the viable cells in suspension. These viable cells are measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer to compare the suspensions’ turbidity. Using the Independent T-Test, significantly less bacteria were found adhering to the mangosteen pericarp extract. Results. Absorbancy difference level by mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% is significantly greater than the NaOCl 2.5% (p<0.05). Conclusion. Antiglucan activity that generated by mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% is greater than NaOCl 2.5%
Daya bunuh dan daya hambat antimikrobial chlorhexidine 2% dan povidone iodine 1% sebagai medikamen saluran akar terhadap Enterococcus faecalis The ability of chlorhexidine 2% and povidone iodine 1% as root canal medicaments to kill and inhibit Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Astria Nathania , Subiyanto Ari , Mooduto Latief
Published: July 2020

Background. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the pathogenic organisms associated with root canal treatment failure and apical periodontitis. Root canal medicament  is needed to prevent re-infection in the root canal and increase the success of treatment. Chlorhexidine and povidone iodine is a broad spectrum root canal medicaments that can kill gram-positive bacteria. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to discover the ability to kill and inhibit of antimicrobial chlorhexidine 2% and 1% povidone iodine asvroot canal medicaments against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Methode. This research was done by measuring the inhibition zone and count the number of colonies. Determination of the inhibition of root canal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis by diffusion method. 10 microliter root canal medicaments dropped on paperdisk and placed on nutrient agar media with enterococcus faecalis, then inhibition zone was calculated. Determination ability to kill enterococcus faecalis is done by inserting 1 ml medicaments root canal into 5 ml BHIB media, then 0.05 ml inoculum of Enterococcus faecalis inserted into each tube, except the negative control. 0.1 ml of each tube implanted in the media nutrient agar. Media incubated for 24 hours, then Enterococcus faecalis bacterial colonies that grow in media calculated using the CFU. Results. There no colony growth of enterococcus faecalis in both root canal medicaments. There are significant differences in inhibition zone of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% povidone iodine (p<0.05). Conclusion. Both of root canal medicaments can kill enterococcus faecalis, but chlorhexidine 2% was more capable inhibit Enterococcus faecalis.
Effectiveness of flavonoid from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Enterococcus faecalis antibiofilm
Authors: Hakiki Dalhar , Mooduto Latief , Suardita Ketut , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin
Published: July 2020

Background:Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a microorganism that is commonly found in endodontic failure treatment, this due to several characteristics of E.faecalis which has the capabillity to living in environments with high salt levels, high temperature, and pH broad spectrum. Bacteria in biofilms form is one of the adaptive process that allows bacteria to survive in an environment with low nutrients in the root canals. Bacteria in biofilms form have different characteristics from planktonic form, resistance to phagocytic cells and drugs, which can effect to persistent infection. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) has many benefits, especially on the pericarp of the fruit contains alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Flavonoids are the largest group of phenolic compounds that have a nature effectively inhibit the growth of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Purpose:Purpose of this study wasto find out the role of the antibiofilm of the flavonoid in garcinia mangostana pericarp against E. faecalis bacterial biofilm. Methods:Laboratory experimental in-vitro with post test only group design. The method used is microtitter plate biofilm assay and continued with the readings use Elisa reader at a wavelength of 595 nm. Results:Flavonoids mangosteen pericarp effective as antibiofilm E.faecalis bacteria at a concentration of 12.5%. Conclusion:The study showed that flavonoids from mangosteen pericarp has antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis bacterial biofilm.