bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Surgery 2030: a roadmap for high income country actors
Authors: Ng-Kamstra Joshua S , Greenberg Sarah L M , Abdullah Fizan , Amado Vanda , Anderson Geoffrey A , Cossa Matchecane , Costas-Chavarri Ainhoa , Davies Justine , Debas Haile T , Dyer George S M , Erdene Sarnai , Farmer Paul E , Gaumnitz Amber , Hagander Lars , Haider Adil , Leather Andrew J M , Lin Yihan , Marten Robert , Marvin Jeffrey T , McClain Craig D , Meara John G , Meheš Mira , Mock Charles , Mukhopadhyay Swagoto , Orgoi Sergelen , Prestero Timothy , Price Raymond R , Raykar Nakul P , Riesel Johanna N , Riviello Robert , Rudy Stephen M , Saluja Saurabh , Sullivan Richard , Tarpley John L , Taylor Robert H , Telemaque Louis-Franck , Toma Gabriel , Varghese Asha , Walker Melanie , Yamey Gavin , Shrime Mark G
Published: August 2017

The Millennium Development Goals have ended and the Sustainable Development Goals have begun, marking a shift in the global health landscape. The frame of reference has changed from a focus on 8 development priorities to an expansive set of 17 interrelated goals intended to improve the well-being of all people. In this time of change, several groups, including the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, have brought a critical problem to the fore: 5 billion people lack access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care when needed. The magnitude of this problem and the world's new focus on strengthening health systems mandate reimagined roles for and renewed commitments from high income country actors in global surgery. To discuss the way forward, on 6 May 2015, the Commission held its North American launch event in Boston, Massachusetts. Panels of experts outlined the current state of knowledge and agreed on the roles of surgical colleges and academic medical centres; trainees and training programmes; academia; global health funders; the biomedical devices industry, and news media and advocacy organisations in building sustainable, resilient surgical systems. This paper summarises these discussions and serves as a consensus statement providing practical advice to these groups. It traces a common policy agenda between major actors and provides a roadmap for maximising benefit to surgical patients worldwide. To close the access gap by 2030, individuals and organisations must work collectively, interprofessionally and globally. High income country actors must abandon colonial narratives and work alongside low and middle income country partners to build the surgical systems of the future.
IndOSS-Assam: investigating the feasibility of introducing a simple maternal morbidity surveillance and research system in Assam, India
Authors: Nair Manisha , Choudhury Manoj K , Choudhury Saswati S , Kakoty Swapna D , Sarma Umesh C , Webster Premila , Knight Marian
Published: August 2017

Objective

To assess the feasibility of establishing a simple maternal morbidity surveillance system in Assam (Indian Obstetric Surveillance System-Assam (IndOSS-Assam)) to investigate the incidence and trends in severe maternal complications. This study presents the surveillance platform of IndOSS-Assam.

Design

Four tasks were undertaken: (1) setting up of a steering committee; (2) establishing priorities for the region; (3) mapping of surveillance sites; (4) piloting case-notification systems in selected centres.

Setting

Two government tertiary hospitals in the state.

Study population

Pregnant women delivering in the hospitals between March and August 2015.

Main outcome measures

Incidence and case fatality rates with 95% CIs.

Results

Local stakeholder ownership and a simple uncomplicated anonymous system for case notification were the key strengths of this project. Cases and deaths were reported for six conditions: eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, puerperal sepsis, septic abortion, uterine rupture and anaemic heart failure. Among 10 475 women delivering over 6 months, 402 had one of these conditions and 66 died (case fatality 16%). The incidence of eclampsia was 17 per 1000 deliveries (95% CI 14 to 19), postpartum haemorrhage was 11 per 1000 deliveries (95% CI 10 to 13) and anaemic heart failure was 3 per 1000 deliveries (95% CI 2 to 5). For each of the other three conditions—puerperal sepsis, septic abortion and uterine rupture—the incidence rate was 2 per 1000 deliveries.

Conclusions

IndOSS-Assam was shown to be a feasible and simple system for ongoing surveillance of maternal morbidity that can be used to monitor the trends in the incidence of specific severe life-threatening conditions during pregnancy.
Role of atmospheric pollution on the natural history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sesé Lucile , Nunes Hilario , Cottin Vincent , Sanyal Shreosi , Didier Morgane , Carton Zohra , Israel-Biet Dominique , Crestani Bruno , Cadranel Jacques , Wallaert Benoit , Tazi Abdellatif , Maître Bernard , Prévot Grégoire , Marchand-Adam Sylvain , Guillot-Dudoret Stéphanie , Nardi Annelyse , Dury Sandra , Giraud Violaine , Gondouin Anne , Juvin Karine , Borie Raphael , Wislez Marie , Valeyre Dominique , Annesi-Maesano Isabella
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has an unpredictable course corresponding to various profiles: stability, physiological disease progression and rapid decline. A minority of patients experience acute exacerbations (AEs). A recent study suggested that ozone and nitrogen dioxide might contribute to the occurrence of AE. We hypothesised that outdoor air pollution might influence the natural history of IPF.

Methods

Patients were selected from the French cohort COhorte FIbrose (COFI), a national multicentre longitudinal prospective cohort of IPF (n=192). Air pollutant levels were assigned to each patient from the air quality monitoring station closest to the patient’s geocoded residence. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the impact of air pollution on AE, disease progression and death.

Results

Onset of AEs was significantly associated with an increased mean level of ozone in the six preceding weeks, with an HR of 1.47 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.92) per 10 µg/m3 (p=0.005). Cumulative levels of exposure to particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 were above WHO recommendations in 34% and 100% of patients, respectively. Mortality was significantly associated with increased levels of exposure to PM10 (HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.77) per 10 µg/m3 (p=0.03), and PM2.5 (HR=7.93, 95% CI 2.93 to 21.33) per 10 µg/m3 (p<0.001).

Conclusion

This study suggests that air pollution has a negative impact on IPF outcomes, corroborating the role of ozone on AEs and establishing, for the first time, the potential role of long-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 on overall mortality.
Veterinary student competence in equine lameness recognition and assessment: a mixed methods study
Authors: Starke Sandra D , May Stephen A
Published: August 2017

The development of perceptual skills is an important aspect of veterinary education. The authors investigated veterinary student competency in lameness evaluation at two stages, before (third year) and during (fourth/fifth year) clinical rotations. Students evaluated horses in videos, where horses were presented during trot on a straight line and in circles. Eye‐tracking data were recorded during assessment on the straight line to follow student gaze. On completing the task, students filled in a structured questionnaire. Results showed that the experienced students outperformed inexperienced students, although even experienced students may classify one in four horses incorrectly. Mistakes largely arose from classifying an incorrect limb as lame. The correct detection of sound horses was at chance level. While the experienced student cohort primarily looked at upper body movement (head and sacrum) during lameness assessment, the inexperienced cohort focused on limb movement. Student self‐assessment of performance was realistic, and task difficulty was most commonly rated between 3 and 4 out of 5. The inexperienced students named a considerably greater number of visual lameness features than the experienced students. Future dedicated training based on the findings presented here may help students to develop more reliable lameness assessment skills.
Phase transformation in ultrathin Y–Ba–Cu–O films by high-pressure oxygen annealing
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Hao , Wei John Y. T.
Published: August 2017

To examine the thermodynamic phase stability of Y–Ba–Cu–O superconductors in ultrathin film form, we study the effects of high-pressure oxygen annealing and Cu enrichment on YBa2Cu3O[Formula: see text] films ranging from 8 nm to 15 nm in thickness. The films are grown epitaxially on SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser-ablated deposition, and post-annealed in 475 atm of oxygen at 800[Formula: see text]C while subjected to varying concentrations of excess CuO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the annealed films shows evidence for suppression of YBa2Cu3O[Formula: see text] and formation of Y2Ba4Cu8O[Formula: see text]. This structural transformation towards a higher-oxidation phase is expectedly correlated with film thinness and Cu enrichment.
The band offset barrier and optical properties calculation of Co2VGa/GaAs(001) interfaces: A DFT study
Authors: Fatahi Negin , Boochani Arash , Solaymani Shahram , Sartipi Elmira , Ahmadian Farzad
Published: August 2017

The structural, electronic, optical properties and band offsets of Co2VGa/GaAs(001) interfaces are discussed within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) using the FP-LAPW method, and the exchange-correlation potential is approximated by GGA. All interface structures are stable in the energy point of view, however the V–Ga/As case is found to be more stable than the others. A remarkable potential difference ([Formula: see text]V) appeared in all the interfaces, so the Co2VGa/GaAs(001) interfaces are good candidates for electron injection. In all the cases, there is no full spin polarization at the Fermi level, but high CBO and [Formula: see text] coefficients make them promising candidates for spin injection in the transport devices. Optical studies confirm the high metallic treatment of these interfaces as the main electron transitions had occurred in the infrared and visible regions. The real parts of the dielectric function in the x-direction indicate the different behaviors of “Co–Co/As and V–Ga/Ga” and “Co–Co/Ga and V–Ga/As” in the infrared area. In addition, the plasmon frequencies had occurred at high UV energies.
Mobile Multi-Food Recognition Using Deep Learning
Authors: Pouladzadeh Parisa , Shirmohammadi Shervin
Published: August 2017

In this article, we propose a mobile food recognition system that uses the picture of the food, taken by the user’s mobile device, to recognize multiple food items in the same meal, such as steak and potatoes on the same plate, to estimate the calorie and nutrition of the meal. To speed up and make the process more accurate, the user is asked to quickly identify the general area of the food by drawing a bounding circle on the food picture by touching the screen. The system then uses image processing and computational intelligence for food item recognition. The advantage of recognizing items, instead of the whole meal, is that the system can be trained with only single item food images. At the training stage, we first use region proposal algorithms to generate candidate regions and extract the convolutional neural network (CNN) features of all regions. Second, we perform region mining to select positive regions for each food category using maximum cover by our proposed submodular optimization method. At the testing stage, we first generate a set of candidate regions. For each region, a classification score is computed based on its extracted CNN features and predicted food names of the selected regions. Since fast response is one of the important parameters for the user who wants to eat the meal, certain heavy computational parts of the application are offloaded to the cloud. Hence, the processes of food recognition and calorie estimation are performed in cloud server. Our experiments, conducted with the FooDD dataset, show an average recall rate of 90.98%, precision rate of 93.05%, and accuracy of 94.11% compared to 50.8% to 88% accuracy of other existing food recognition systems.
Fast Human-Computer Interaction by Combining Gaze Pointing and Face Gestures
Authors: Rozado David , Niu Jason , Lochner Martin
Published: August 2017

In this work, we show how our open source accessibility software, the FaceSwitch, can help motor-impaired subjects to efficiently interact with a computer hands-free. The FaceSwitch enhances gaze interaction with video-based face gestures interaction. The emerging multimodal system allows for interaction with a user interface by means of gaze pointing for target selection and facial gestures for target-specific action commands. The FaceSwitch maps facial gestures to specific mouse or keyboard events such as: left mouse click, right mouse click, or page scroll down. Hence, facial gestures serve the purpose of mechanical switches. With this multimodal interaction paradigm, the user gazes at the object in the user interface with which it wants to interact and then triggers a target-specific action by performing a face gesture. Through a rigorous user study, we have obtained quantitative evidence that suggests our proposed interaction paradigm improves the performance of traditional accessibility options, such as gaze-only interaction or gaze with a single mechanical switch interaction while coming close in terms of speed and accuracy with traditional mouse-based interaction. We make the FaceSwitch software freely available to the community so the output of our research can help the target audience.
Role of pattern recognition receptors of the neurovascular unit in inflamm-aging
Authors: Wilhelm Imola , Nyúl-Tóth Ádám , Kozma Mihály , Farkas Attila E. , Krizbai István A.
Published: August 2017

Aging is associated with chronic inflammation partly mediated by increased levels of damage-associated molecular patterns, which activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. Furthermore, many aging-related disorders are associated with inflammation. PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), are expressed not only in cells of the innate immune system but also in other cells, including cells of the neurovascular unit and cerebral vasculature forming the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize our present knowledge about the relationship between activation of PRRs expressed by cells of the neurovascular unit-blood-brain barrier, chronic inflammation, and aging-related pathologies of the brain. The most important damage-associated molecular pattern-sensing PRRs in the brain are TLR2, TLR4, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein-1 and pyrin domain-containing protein-3, which are activated during physiological and pathological aging in microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and possibly endothelial cells and pericytes.
Metabolic characterization and RNA profiling reveal glycolytic dependence of profibrotic phenotype of alveolar macrophages in lung fibrosis
Authors: Xie Na , Cui Huachun , Ge Jing , Banerjee Sami , Guo Sijia , Dubey Shubham , Abraham Edward , Liu Rui-Ming , Liu Gang
Published: August 2017

Metabolic reprogramming has been intrinsically linked to macrophage activation. Alveolar macrophages are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. However, systematic characterization of expression profile in these cells is still lacking. Furthermore, main metabolic programs and their regulation of cellular phenotype are completely unknown. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression profile and main metabolic programs in alveolar macrophages from mice with or without experimental pulmonary fibrosis. We found that alveolar macrophages from both bleomycin and active TGF-β1-induced fibrotic mouse lungs demonstrated a primarily profibrotic M2-like profile that was distinct from the well-defined M1 or any of the M2 subtypes. More importantly, we found that fibrotic lung alveolar macrophages assumed augmented glycolysis, which was likely attributed to enhanced expression of multiple key glycolytic mediators. We also found that fatty acid oxidation was upregulated in these cells. However, the profibrotic M2-like profile of fibrotic lung alveolar macrophages was not dependent on fatty acid oxidation and synthesis or lipolysis, but instead on glycolysis, in contrast to the typical IL-4-induced macrophages M(IL-4). Additionally, glutaminolysis, a key metabolic program that has been implicated in numerous pathologies, was not required for the profibrotic M2-like phenotype of these macrophages. In summary, our study identifies a unique expression and metabolic profile in alveolar macrophages from fibrotic lungs and suggests glycolytic inhibition as an effective antifibrotic strategy in treating lung fibrosis.
Human cerebral blood flow control during hypoxia: focus on chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Beaudin Andrew E. , Hartmann Sara E. , Pun Matiram , Poulin Marc J.
Published: August 2017

The brain is a vital organ that relies on a constant and adequate blood flow to match oxygen and glucose delivery with the local metabolic demands of active neurons. Thus exquisite regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is particularly important under hypoxic conditions to prevent a detrimental decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen within the brain tissues. Cerebrovascular sensitivity to hypoxia, assessed as the change in CBF during a hypoxic challenge, represents the capacity of cerebral vessels to respond to, and compensate for, a reduced oxygen supply, and has been shown to be impaired or blunted in a number of conditions. For instance, this is observed with aging, and in clinical conditions such as untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and in healthy humans exposed to intermittent hypoxia. This review will 1) provide a brief overview of cerebral blood flow regulation and results of pharmacological intervention studies which we have performed to better elucidate the basic mechanisms of cerebrovascular regulation in humans; and 2) present data from studies in clinical and healthy populations, using a translational physiology approach, to investigate human CBF control during hypoxia. Results from studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and OSA will be presented to identify the effects of the disease processes on cerebrovascular sensitivity to hypoxia. Data emerging from experimental human models of intermittent hypoxia during wakefulness will also be reviewed to highlight the effects of intermittent hypoxia on the brain.
Enhancement of Bone Healing by Local Administration of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Sodium Hyaluronate in Rat Tibiae
Authors: Andrade Vanessa B. , Sá Marcos A. , Mendes Renato M. , Martins-Júnior Paulo A. , Silva Gerluza A.B. , Sousa Bruna R. , Caliari Marcelo V. , Ávila Erick S. , Ladeira Luiz Orlando , Resende Rodrigo R. , Ferreira Anderson J.
Published: August 2017

It has been reported that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as nucleation sites for the deposition of bone matrix and cell proliferation. Here, we evaluated the effects of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on bone repair of rat tibiae. Furthermore, because sodium hyaluronate (HY) accelerates bone restoration, we associated CNTs with HY (HY-MWCNTs) in an attempt to boost bone repair. The bone defect was created by a 1.6-mm-diameter drill. After 7 and 14 days, tibiae were processed for histological and morphometric analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone defects. Expression of osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and collagen I (Col I) was assessed by real-time PCR. Histomorphometric analysis showed a similar increase in the percentage of bone trabeculae in tibia bone defects treated with HY and HY-MWCNTs, and both groups presented more organized and thicker bone trabeculae than nontreated defects. Tibiae treated with MWCNTs or HY- MWCNTs showed a higher expression of VEGF. Treatment with MWCNTs or HY-MWCNTs increased the expression of molecules involved in the bone repair process, such as OCN and BMP-2. Also, HY- and MWCNT-treated tibiae had an increased expression of Col I. Thus, it is tempting to conclude that CNTs associated or not with other materials such as HY emerged as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Effect of Physical Training on Immunoreactive
γ-Glutamyltransferase in Human Plasma
Authors: Ohno H. , Yahata T. , Yamashita K. , Yamamura K. , Sato Y. , Yamamoto C. , Hayamizu S. , Taniguchi N.
Published: August 2017

The effects of 10-week physical training on both the activity and concentration
of γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) in plasma were investigated on 7 sedentary healthy male
students. The training consisted of running over 5 km, 6 times/week. The maximal oxygen
uptake (V̇o(2)max) and 12-min field performance increased significantly after training, from
43.5 and 2,683.7 to 48.1 ml·kg^-1·min^-1 and 2,931.1 m, respectively. After training the resting
plasma γ-GT concentration decreased to half, whereas the γ-GT activity did not vary
substantially. The training did not affect the response to the V̇o(2)max test of either concentration
or activity of γ-GT. These results may suggest that plasma γ-GT concentration is
useful as an index of the extent of physical training.
Non-Motor Symptoms Assessed by Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire and Non-Motor Symptoms Scale in Parkinson's Disease in Selected Asian Populations
Authors: Sauerbier Anna , Jitkritsadakul Onanong , Titova Nataliya , Klingelhoefer Lisa , Tsuboi Yoshio , Carr Harry , Kumar Hrishikesh , Banerjee Rebecca , Erro Roberto , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Schrag Anette , Zis Panagiotis , Lim Shen-Yang , Al-Hashel J.Y. , Kamel Walaa A. , Martinez-Martin Pablo , Ray Chaudhuri K.
Published: August 2017

Background: Ethnic variations have been described in medical conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Whether ethnicity plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly with regard to non-motor symptoms (NMS), remains unclear. Existing literature is diverse, controversial, and inadequately documented. This review aims to analyse and report the currently available literature on NMS, specifically in Asian PD patients. Summary: We conducted a literature review using PubMed, searching for articles and currently available publications that reference and assess NMS in PD patients living in Asia using the validated NMS Questionnaire (NMS Quest) and NMS Scale (NMSS). In total, 24 articles were included: 12 using the NMS Quest and 12 using the NMSS. Symptoms of constipation, memory impairment, and nocturia were the most frequently self-reported symptoms (NMS Quest) in selected Asian populations, while symptoms within the domains sleep/fatigue, attention/memory, and mood/apathy were most prevalent when applying the health-professional completed NMSS. Key Messages: NMS are generally prevalent and highly burdensome within selected Asian PD populations living in countries included in this review. Our review suggests that NMS-driven phenotypic heterogeneity is present in Asian patients, and compared to Western PD populations there might be variations in assessed NMS.
Value of Eponyms in Dermato-Trichological Nomenclature
Authors: Trüeb Ralph M.
Published: August 2017

Traditionally, syndromes have been named after the physician who originally identified the condition. These are referred to as eponymous syndromes. Nevertheless, the term eponym is to be regarded in a broader sense, since - by definition - an eponym is a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named. Accordingly, some eponymous syndromes do not refer to the physician who originally reported the condition, but alternatively to the indicator patient, a geographic location, or a historical, literary, or mythological context. The recent past has seen a shift towards naming conditions descriptively by symptoms rather than eponymously. When the syndrome name is formed as an abbreviation from the initial letters of the symptoms, it is referred to as an acronym. The use of acronyms has become particularly popular and is often taught as mnemonic device or used as mental checklist. However, the use of eponyms confers historical, literary, and cultural information that reaches beyond and therefore conveys the dignity of a broader educational background and understanding.
Alopecic and Aseptic Nodules of the Scalp: First Report in South America and Second in America
Authors: Fischer-Levancini Cristián , Gompertz Matías , Guglielmetti Antonio , Opazo Héctor
Published: August 2017

Alopecic and aseptic nodules of the scalp, also named pseudocysts of the scalp, are a relatively new, little-known, and for sure underdiagnosed disease. It affects mostly young men and is characterized by a solitary or a few dome-shaped nodules accompanied by nonscarring alopecia, deep inflammatory infiltration in the skin biopsy specimen, and, in most cases, granulomas. It has a good response to doxycycline, intralesional corticosteroids, or drainage/aspiration of the lesion. We present a case report and a summary of the published cases.
Epidemiological Study of Huntington's Disease in the Province of Ferrara, Italy
Authors: Carrassi Erika , Pugliatti Maura , Govoni Vittorio , Sensi Mariachiara , Casetta Ilaria , Granieri Enrico
Published: August 2017

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the abnormal expansion of CAG triplet repeat. We aimed to reappraise HD epidemiology in a northern Italian population, in relation to introduction of genetic testing. Methods: Through ICD-9M code 333.4 and medical fare exemption code RF0080, HD cases were identified from administrative health data and medical records from the Units of Neurology and Genetics, Ferrara University Hospital, and from other provincial neurological structures. Results: HD mean annual incidence rate in 1990-2009 was 0.3 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.2-0.5). All incident cases were found to have symptoms of the disease's classic form, and neither juvenile nor the rigid Westphal variant was detected. The mean (SD) age at onset was 50.2 (12.7 years; range 32-82 years), 54.9 (14.6) for men and 45.8 (9.4) for women. On prevalence day, December 31, 2014, HD prevalence was 4.2 per 100,000 (95% CI 2.4-7.0), with a male:female ratio of 1:2. Conclusions: The prevalence and incidence of HD in our population were lower than the prevalence and incidence reported for other European and Italian populations, but higher compared to those of Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe. Compared to previous studies, HD incidence and prevalence did not change significantly.
Do Rights Still Flow Downhill?
Authors: Federle Katherine Hunt
Published: August 2017

In the United States, the debate about whether children have rights continues to rage, in no small measure due to the absence of any framing document that recognises children as rights holders. Within Anglo-American traditions, competence is a prerequisite to having and exercising rights, largely because of notions surrounding social compact theory. Thus children are excluded from the class of rights holders because they lack competency. The tension between a conception of the rights holder as an autonomous and capable individual free from governmental regulation and a strong notion of the welfare state suggests that a system of rights which acknowledges remediation of insecurity and inequality as a vital governmental obligation is essential to the well-being of all vulnerable populations, including children. That system of rights, grounded in notions of empowerment, continues to offer a way forward for children.
Teaching and Learning Traditions in Children’s Human Rights
Authors: Brantefors Lotta , Thelander Nina
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to develop educational theoretical concepts for analyses and descriptions of the teaching and learning traditions in children’s human rights and to illustrate its diversity. The paper suggests viewing human rights as a subject field for research and education and using curriculum theory – particularly the concept of curriculum emphases – as a tool for the analyses. Drawing on the results of a previous international study (Brantefors and Quennerstedt, 2016), four teaching and learning traditions of rights are identified: (1) the participation emphasis; (2) the empowerment emphasis; (3) the awareness of rights emphasis; and (4) the right respecting emphasis. With the curriculum emphases concept it is possible to define the main motives for teaching and learning, and also to see what is emphasised in education. In the last section, the traditions are applied and tested on empirical examples. The conclusion is that the emphases concept is a fruitful analytical instrument that makes the different traditions of the teaching and learning of children’s human rights visible.
Husserl’s Philosophy of the Categories and His Development toward Absolute Idealism
Authors: Tolley Clinton
Published: August 2017

In recent work, Amie Thomasson has sought to develop a new approach to the philosophy of the categories which is metaphysically neutral between traditional realist and conceptualist approaches, and which has its roots in the ‘correlationalist’ approach to categories put forward in Husserl’s writings in the 1900s–1910s and systematically charted over the past few decades by David Woodruff Smith in his studies of Husserl’s philosophy. Here the author aims to provide a recontextualization and critical assessment of correlationalism in a Husserlian vein. To this end, the author presents, first, the reasons why, later in his life, Husserl himself found his earlier treatment of categories philosophically naive, and why he increasingly advocated for a more genetic-teleological account. The author then draws upon arguments made a century earlier by Schelling and Hegel, in criticism of Fichte, to point up what might remain philosophically unsatisfying about even the post-correlationalist genetic position of the later Husserl, in light of the pronounced trend in Husserl’s own development, on the questions of reason and spirit, toward absolute idealism.
Solving a 50-year Mystery: Rediscovery of Mesaspis antauges (Squamata: Anguidae)
Authors: SOLANO-ZAVALETA ISRAEL , LUZ NELSON MARTÍN CERÓN DE LA , CLAUSE ADAM G.
Published: August 2017

Vertebrate rediscoveries occur frequently, but must be properly documented for scientific credibility. Ongoing rediscoveries suggest a need for greater caution in declaring species extinct. Here, we report a rediscovery of the mysterious Mexican anguid lizard Mesaspis antauges (Cope 1866), a species last recorded by scientists in 1964. Our comparison of newly-collected material against previous specimens, all of which apparently originate from a single isolated volcanic peak, confirms the taxonomic validity of this species and the relegation of the binomen M. modestus (Cope 1878) to the status of a junior synonym. We include a brief discussion of the natural history of M. antauges, and explore the conservation implications of our rediscovery.
A Model-Based Assessment of Potential Impacts of Man-Made Reservoirs on Precipitation
Authors: Winchester Jesse , Mahmood Rezaul , Rodgers William , Hossain Faisal , Rappin Eric , Durkee Joshua , Chronis Themis
Published: August 2017

Land-use land-cover change (LULCC) plays an important role in weather and climate systems. Human modifications of land cover include building reservoirs and thus creating artificial lakes for multipurpose use. In this research, the authors have completed a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model–based assessment of impacts of two large parallel lakes on precipitation. This area is located in the western part of the states of Kentucky and Tennessee and known as the Land between the Lakes (LBL). To determine the impacts, this study has replaced the lakes with grass, deciduous forests, and bare soil and conducted model simulations for three precipitation events of different magnitudes.

The analysis suggests that precipitation increased in some cases and reduced in others. One of the key impacts of LULCC in the LBL area is the relocation of precipitation cells and also the timing of precipitation. Local precipitation amounts increased or decreased with these relocations. In summary, establishment of lakes or replacement of lakes with alternate land cover may modify local precipitation in the LBL area.
Why Did Khizr Khan’s Speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention Go Viral? Personifying Collective Values in an Epideictic Speech
Authors: Kendall Kathleen E.
Published: August 2017

On July 28, 2016, Mr. Khizr Khan, an American Muslim immigrant, gave a short speech at the Democratic National Convention. Khan’s speech eulogized his soldier son, attacked the Republican presidential nominee, Donald Trump, and endorsed the Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton. The speech went “viral” within minutes, circulating rapidly on the Internet, evoking an immediate response on social media. Barely 2 days later, Trump attacked the Khan speech, the Khans responded, and the event dominated the news for days. The event and its aftermath “emerged as an unexpected and potentially pivotal flash point in the general election” (Burns, Haberman, & Parket, 2016). Why did this speech have such an effect? Using principles from Aristotle’s concept of the epideictic speech, this study examines (1) the role of surprise in the structure and visual presentation of Khan’s speech, as well as (2) the way in which Khan expressed personal and collective anger. Trump’s postconvention responses magnified the speech effect through heavy media coverage.
Gender and evolutionary theory in workplace health promotion
Authors: Björklund Erika , Wright Jan
Published: August 2017

Objective:

Ideas from evolutionary theories are increasingly taken up in health promotion. This article seeks to demonstrate how such a trend has the potential to embed essentialist and limiting stereotypes of women and men in health promotion practice.

Design:

We draw on material gathered for a larger ethnographic study that examined how discourses of health were re-contextualised in four workplace health promotion interventions in Sweden.

Method:

This study provided the opportunity to investigate how ideas derived from evolutionary theories produced particular constructs of the healthy employee. A Foucauldian notion of governmentality was used to examine the rationalities, truths and techniques that informed what we have called a ‘Stone Age’ discourse as these contributed to shaping the desires, actions and beliefs of lecturers and participants in the interventions.

Results:

We focus on one intervention which used the Stone Age discourse as an organising idea to constitute differences in women’s and men’s health through references to women as gatherers and men as hunters, thereby positioning men as the physical, emotional and mental ideal and women as the problematic and lacking ‘other’.

Conclusion:

The paper concludes by discussing the implications of such ideas about health and gender for interventions aimed at changing behaviour and lifestyles.
Space Creation Dynamics in Basketball Small-Sided Games
Authors: Bredt Sarah G. T. , Morales Juan C. P. , Andrade André G. P. , Torres Juliana O. , Peixoto Gustavo H. , Greco Pablo J. , Praça Gibson M. , Chagas Mauro H.
Published: August 2017

Space creation dynamics (SCDs) describe actions players perform to create a scoring opportunity. This study compared SCDs and types of offense during three different three versus three (3vs.3) basketball small-sided games (SSGs) played in half court: 3vs.3 with man-to-man defense in half playing area (3vs.3HALF), 3vs.3 with man-to-man defense in full playing area (3vs.3FULL), and 3vs.3 with reduced shot clock (3vs.3RT). We also investigated the efficacy of SCDs in all SSGs and the reliability of SCDs in 3vs.3HALF. While the efficacy of SCDs did not differ among these SSGs, 3vs.3RT presented significantly more “space creation with ball dribbled” and “shot clock violations,” and less “on ball screens.” 3vs.3FULL presented no differences in the SCDs and types of offense compared with 3vs.3HALF. Reliability within 3vs.3HALF was higher for “space creation with ball dribbled,” “space creation without the ball,” “set offenses,” “fast breaks,” and “loss of ball during passing or dribbling.” We concluded that 3vs.3 basketball SSGs with different rules can be used for training different tactical behaviors important to formal games, especially since the 3vs.3HALF presented good reliability for many variables related to tactical behavior.
Higher USA State Resident Neuroticism Is Associated With Lower State Volunteering Rates
Authors: McCann Stewart J. H.
Published: August 2017

Highly neurotic persons have dispositional characteristics that tend to precipitate social anxiety that discourages formal volunteering. With the 50 American states as analytical units, Study 1 found that state resident neuroticism correlated highly ( r = –.55) with state volunteering rates and accounted for another 26.8% of the volunteering rate variance with selected state demographics controlled. Study 2 replicated Study 1 during another period and extended the association to college student, senior, secular, and religious volunteering rates. Study 3 showed state resident percentages engaged in other social behaviors involving more familiarity and fewer demands than formal volunteering related to state volunteering rates but not to neuroticism. In Study 4, state resident neuroticism largely accounted statistically for relations between state volunteering rates and state population density, collectivism, social capital, Republican preference, and well-being. This research is the first to show that state resident neuroticism is a potent predictor of state volunteering rates.
Implicit Language Attitudes Toward Historically White Accents in the South African Context
Authors: Álvarez-Mosquera Pedro , Marín-Gutiérrez Alejandro
Published: August 2017

This study explores the use of Implicit Association Test as an effective research tool to investigate language attitudes in South Africa. We aim to show how Standard South African English and Afrikaans-accented English are cognitively managed by young L1 South African indigenous language speakers. Results corroborate (a) participants’ statistically significant negative attitudes toward Afrikaans-accented English speakers, (b) the indexical nature of accents in triggering language attitudes, and (c) a main effect of modality when processing visual versus audio inputs.
The Effect of Bilingual Congruence on the Persuasive Influence of Videos and Comments on YouTube
Authors: Walther Joseph B. , Neubaum German , Rösner Leonie , Winter Stephan , Krämer Nicole C.
Published: August 2017

Social media offer a global village in which user-generated comments from different groups and many languages appear. Extending the notion of prototypes in social identification theory, research examined the persuasive influence of comments supporting or deriding a public service announcement video on YouTube, where comments’ language either matched or differed from the videos’. Bilingual participants watched videos in English or Mandarin Chinese promoting water conservation, accompanied by comments in English or Mandarin that supported or derided the videos’ message. Results replicated previous findings about the valence of comments on public service announcement evaluations, overridden by an interaction between valence and language congruity: Comments in the same language as the videos’ affected readers’ evaluations of the video more than did comments in the language other than the videos’.
Pulverization characteristics of coal affected by magmatic intrusion and analysis of the abnormal gas desorption index on drill cuttings
Authors: Chen Er-Tao , Wang Liang , Cheng Yuan-Ping , Guo Hai-Jun , Hao Cong-Meng , Qi Yu-Xiao , Liu Fei
Published: August 2017

The gas desorption index of drill cuttings is a basic index that measures the initial desorption capacities of coal seams and predicts coal seam gas outbursts. Following a long period of gas drainage in the No.7 coal seam of the No.86 mining area in the Haizi coal mine, the gas desorption index of drill cuttings was still found to be much higher than the threshold value for outburst risks. This abnormal phenomenon led to the present study of the rational selection of test methods and objects in this context. In this study, particle size distribution, pore structure and gas desorption characteristics of coal samples in anomalous areas were analyzed. We found that desorption characteristics are related to particle size and particle size varies in relation to tectonic stress and magmatic intrusions. It appears that the anomalous readings are related to particle size of the coal, resulting from tectonic/magmatic pulverization. Furthermore, measured particle size of drill cuttings is not actually reflective of coal particle size – larger particles may be comprised of multiple smaller particles. The results show that coal samples with particle size <1 mm accounts for 76.3% of total samples and coal samples with particle size >1 mm only accounts for 23.7% of total samples. The porosity and total pore volume increase as the particle size decreases. The specific surface area increases with decreasing pore diameter. Transitional pores and micropores increase the specific surface area of the coal sample considerably. The desorption capacity increases with decreasing particle size. The additional tectonic stress caused by magmatic intrusion has a crushing effect, and 1–3 mm particles used in test were composed of a large amount of smaller particles, eventually resulting in abnormal gas desorption index phenomena. Therefore, we proposed an improved method for measuring the gas desorption index of pulverized coal.
How does freemium strategy affect the demand of the paid premium mobile healthcare service: From an information asymmetry perspective
Authors: Hu Yuanrong
Published: August 2017

This paper studies the impact of physicians’ freemium strategy on demand for physicians’ paid premium services in the mobile healthcare setting. In addition, the moderating effects of physicians’ quality indicators are investigated with reference to two dimensions: (1) individual-specific quality indicator, related to the physician’s personal skills and measured by the physician’s professional title; (2) hospital-specific quality indicators, related to the hospital’s quality information and measured by the hospital’s grade and location. Using a sample of 71,256 physicians observed over a 15-week period on the largest Chinese mobile healthcare platform, we find that the free service can significantly increase demand for physicians’ paid services. Both the hospital-specific and individual-specific quality indicators reinforce this impact. For chief (and associate chief) physicians working in the tertiary hospital setting and in a large city, a 1% increase in the free service will lead to a 0.358% increase in demand for the physician’s paid Text&Picture consultation service, whereas the increase is only 0.075% for junior physicians in non-tertiary hospitals and in a small city. However, among the most active physicians, the reinforcing effect of the individual-specific quality indicator weakens, while the effect of the hospital-specific quality indicators becomes even stronger. The results provide several implications both from the theoretical and the practical perspective.
Inglehart’s scarcity hypothesis revisited: Is postmaterialism a macro- or micro-level phenomenon around the world?
Authors: Nový Michal , Smith Michael L , Katrňák Tomáš
Published: August 2017

Inglehart’s theory of postmaterialism hinged on the scarcity hypothesis, according to which the spread of postmaterialist values depends on the degree of individuals’ and societies’ existential security, rooted in macro-level economic conditions. But does a country’s level of economic development systematically shape individuals’ existential security, and thus postmaterialism? In this article, the authors revisit this question by utilizing 2010–2014 World Values Survey data for testing whether the effect of existential security on postmaterialism varies by macro-conditions across 59 countries representing 72% of the world’s population. Based on multilevel models, the authors find strong effects of individuals’ socioeconomic conditions on postmaterialism, confirming one aspect of the scarcity hypothesis, but also find weak associations between the effects of those conditions by economic factors at the national level. While there is substantial cross-national variation in the effect of individual scarcity, that variation cannot be accounted for by the macro-conditions predicted by the theory.
Extracellular Matrix Cartilage Allograft and Particulate Cartilage Allograft for Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee and Ankle Joints: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seow Dexter , Yasui Youichi , Hurley Eoghan T. , Ross Andrew W. , Murawski Christopher D. , Shimozono Yoshiharu , Kennedy John G.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Extracellular matrix cartilage allografts (EMCAs) and particulate cartilage allografts (PCAs) are relatively new biologics that may improve the quality of cartilage regeneration after bone marrow stimulation. The increasing popularity of these novel biologics in the treatment of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the knee and ankle joints prompts a systematic evaluation of their efficacies.

Purpose:

The purpose of this systematic review was to clarify the effectiveness of EMCAs and PCAs on cartilage regeneration.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, IV.

Methods:

Two reviewers searched MEDLINE and Embase in February 2016 based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Predetermined variables from each study were extracted and analyzed.

Results:

For EMCAs, 1 in vitro study and 2 clinical studies for OCLs of the ankle joint were found. For PCAs, 3 in vitro studies, 5 clinical studies for OCLs of the knee joint, and 5 clinical studies for OCLs of the ankle joint were found. For all studies, in vitro chondrogenesis and clinical outcomes favored EMCAs and PCAs. However, the highest level of evidence was IV, and the methodological quality of evidence was indicated to be poor.

Conclusion:

Both EMCAs and PCAs have yielded favorable outcomes in both in vitro and clinical studies. However, the available studies were of limited data with significant confounding factors. Therefore, it is unclear whether the effectiveness of these novel biologics is any greater than that of bone marrow stimulation alone in the repair of knee and ankle cartilage.
Group-analytic Practice Today: Intersubjective Perspectives and the Relational Paradigm
Authors: Potthoff Peter
Published: August 2017

Over the past 50 years psychoanalysis and group analysis have quite moved apart from each other with very little exchange and cooperation left, while the pioneers of group analysis (Foulkes, Bion) emphasized the link with psychoanalysis. With the ‘intersubjective turn’ in psychoanalysis during the 1980s substantial common ground for group analysis and psychoanalysis has emerged, but not been completely recognized and appreciated in both disciplines. The author demonstrates areas of possible overlap and cross-fertilization mainly drawing on concepts from relational psychoanalysis. The idea of the inevitable embeddedness of analyst and analysand in the psychoanalytic process has already been present in Foulkes’ writings concerning the role of the conductor, but not very much elaborated. Other relational concepts like dissociation, enactment, mutuality and self-disclosure might be fruitfully integrated into contemporary group-analytic theorizing, too. Conversely, group-analytic perspectives could increase awareness of the importance of context (social, cultural, institutional) also for the dynamics of individual analysis. The understanding of group processes could help to grasp and negotiate more successfully the notorious difficulties in psychoanalytic institutions. To illustrate theory the author presents detailed material from a group session.