bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A realisation of broadcast cognitive pilot channels piggybacked on T‐DMB
Authors: Ji Zhanlin , Ganchev Ivan , O'Droma Máirtín , Zhang Xuejing
Published: August 2013

This paper considers the realisation of a broadcast out‐of‐band cognitive pilot channels (CPC) piggybacked on a Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T‐DMB) platform. The solution satisfies the requirements of coverage‐based CPC schemes. The main goal of these is the enabling of the information transfer to mobile terminals of available knowledge of the wireless network environment, including available radio access networks, frequency bands, network policies and such like information. The proposed CPC solution is first contextualised within the range of CPC concepts, which have been and are being researched. Then, a three‐layer ‘CPC over T‐DMB’ system architectural design is set out. A prototype of the scheme is realised and implemented on a testbed, the design of which is outlined, and through which the key technological concepts are validated and their technical performance evaluated. The results of these system evaluations are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin, NE China: deposition–erosion response to a slope break system of rift lacustrine basins
Authors: Liu Hao , Xia Qinglong , Somerville Ian D. , Wang Yuan , Zhou Xinhuai , Niu Chengmin , Du Xiaofeng , Zhang Xintao
Published: August 2013

The sequence architecture and depositional systems of the Paleogene lacustrine rift succession in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, NE China were investigated based on seismic profiles, combined with well log and core data. Four second‐order or composite sequences and seven third‐order sequences were identified. The depositional systems identified in the basin include: fan delta, braid delta, meander fluvial delta, lacustrine and sublacustrine fan. Identification of the slope break was conducted combining the interpretation of faults of each sequence and the identification of syndepositional faults, based on the subdivision of sequence stratigraphy and analysis of depositional systems. Multiple geomorphologic units were recognized in the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag including faults, flexures, depositional slope break belts, ditch‐valleys and sub‐uplifts in the central sag. Using genetic division principles and taking into consideration tectonic features of the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag, the study area was divided into the Northern Steep Slope/Fault Slope Break System, the Southern Gentle Slope Break System and T10 Tectonic Slope Break System/T10 Tectonic Belt.

Responses of slope break systems to deposition–erosion are shown as: (1) basin marginal slope break is the boundary of the eroded area and provenance area; (2) ditch‐valley formed by different kinds of slope break belts is a good transport bypass for source materials; (3) shape of the slope break belt of the slope break system controls sediments types; (4) the ditch‐valley and sub‐sag of a slope break system is an unloading area for sediments; and (5) due to their different origins, association characteristics and developing patterns, the Paleogene slope break belt systems in the Huanghekou Sag show different controls on depositional systems. The Northern Fault Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fan delta‐lacustrine‐subaqueous fan, the Southern Gentle Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fluvial–deltaic–shallow lacustrine and sublacustrine fan, and the T10 Tectonic Slope Break System controls the deposition of shallow lacustrine beach bar sandbodies. The existence of a slope break system is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for studying sandbody development. The formation of effective sandbodies along the slope break depends on the reasonable coupling of effective provenance, necessary association patterns of slope break belt, adequate unloading space and creation of definite accommodation space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental determination of the xenon isotopic fractionation during adsorption
Authors: Marrocchi Yves , Marty Bernard
Published: August 2013

Adsorption of noble gases into solids is often posited to account for their abundance patterns in meteorites, terrestrial rocks, and planetary atmospheres. Since these elements present isotope variations among geochemical reservoirs, we have experimentally tested the possibility that adsorption of neutral noble gases could result in isotopic fractionation. Our experiment consists of a cycle of adsorption/desorption processes in which xenon is progressively lost from a reservoir by equilibrium adsorption on kerogen and on montmorillonite. Any isotopic fractionation would then be amplified by the Rayleigh‐like distillation experiment. The fractionation factors α are extrapolated to be −0.18‰ ± 0.08‰ per u and −0.22‰ ± 0.07‰ per u (both at the 2σ level) for kerogen and montmorillonite, respectively. Thus, adsorption of neutral noble gases alone cannot account for the specific isotopic composition of noble gases trapped in meteorites, nor for the isotopic composition of xenon in the terrestrial and martian atmospheres.
THE COST‐EFFECTIVENESS OF USING FINANCIAL INCENTIVES TO IMPROVE PROVIDER QUALITY: A FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATION
Authors: Meacock Rachel , Kristensen Søren Rud , Sutton Matt
Published: August 2013

Despite growing adoption of pay‐for‐performance (P4P) programmes in health care, there is remarkably little evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of such schemes. We review the limited number of previous studies and critique the frameworks adopted and the narrow range of costs and outcomes considered, before proposing a new more comprehensive framework, which we apply to the first P4P scheme introduced for hospitals in England. We emphasise that evaluations of cost‐effectiveness need to consider who the residual claimant is on any cost savings, the possibility of positive and negative spillovers, and whether performance improvement is a transitory or investment activity. Our application to theAdvancing Qualityinitiative demonstrates that the incentive payments represented less than half of the £13m total programme costs. By generating approximately 5200 quality‐adjusted life years and £4.4m of savings in reduced length of stay, we find that the programme was a cost‐effective use of resources in its first 18 months. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new implant with solid core and porous surface: The biocompatability with bone
Authors: Yang Xu , Wang Dihua , Liang Youde , Yin Huayi , Zhang Shuang , Jiang Tao , Wang Yining , Zhou Yi
Published: August 2013

This research investigated osteogenic potencies of Farthing–Fray–Chen Titanium (FFcTi) implant with transitional porous‐solid structure. The material characteristics, biomechanical property, osteogenic performances were assessed. FFcTi showed similar roughness as sand‐blasted and acid etched titanium (SA), but was more hydrophilic than SA and machined commercial pure titanium (MA). Young's modulus of FFcTi implant in compressive tests was 15.8 ± 6.3 GPa, which was close to bone. In vitro observations manifested excellent spreading abilities of MC3T3‐E1 cell on FFcTi and SA. Adhesion rates of MC3T3‐E1 cells at 4 h gradually decreased on MA, SA, and FFcTi surfaces (MA > SA, p < 0.01; SA > FFcTi, p < 0.05), while cell proliferation ability on FFcTi was weaker than MA during 1–6 days (p < 0.01) and similar to MA and SA in day 11. ALP activity of cells on FFcTi at 14 day was higher than MA and lower than SA (p < 0.01). In a bone defect model of rabbits, BIC and bone volum ratio within 50 μm were significantly higher for FFcTi than MA (BIC, p < 0.01; BT0.05, p < 0.05) while bone volume ratio within 100 and 500 μm were of no differences. Micro CT analysis also showed similar results to the histomorphometric data. Thus, we conclude that FFcTi with melting sphere based multiporous structure has a hydrophilic, rough surface, and close modulus to bone. In vitro, its low proliferation and ALP activity promotion were similar to other micro scale roughed surface. In vivo test showed better osteogenesis ability when compared with MA at least in 2 weeks. Thus, this Farthing–Fray–Chen Titanium implant seems to hold considerable potential for bone implant applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2395–2407, 2014.
Effects of SiO2, SrO, MgO, and ZnO dopants in tricalcium phosphates on osteoblastic Runx2 expression
Authors: Fielding Gary A. , Smoot Will , Bose Susmita
Published: August 2013

Calcium phosphate materials share a compositional similarity to natural bone, which makes them excellent for use in orthopedic applications. Although these materials are osteoconductive, they lack strong osteoinductive capabilities and recent research has focused on the addition of biologics and pharmacologics with varying successes. In this study, trace elements that have been proven to play important roles in bone health and bone formation were incorporated into β‐tricalcium phosphate compacts in their oxide forms (SiO2, ZnO, SrO, and MgO). Cell material interactions were characterized using human fetal preosteoblastic cells. An MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)−2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate cellular proliferation. Cellular differentiation was evaluated using an enzymatic colorimetric alkaline phosphatase assay as well as immunohistochemistry for Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expression. Results prove ZnO and MgO to be effective mitogenic factors and SiO2, ZnO, and SrO to be capable of inducing rapid cellular differentiation. MgO was found to have little effect on the modulation of osteoblastic differentiation, likely due to more aggressive inherent cellular regulation of Mg2+. In addition to the results from the study, a signaling mechanism is proposed as to the action of the dopants for further consideration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2417–2426, 2014.
Oxygen‐rich coating promotes binding of proteins and endothelialization of polyethylene terephthalate polymers
Authors: Jaganjac Morana , Vesel Alenka , Milkovic Lidija , Recek Nina , Kolar Metod , Zarkovic Neven , Latiff Aishah , Kleinschek Karin‐Stana , Mozetic Miran
Published: August 2013

The formation of endothelial cell monolayer on prosthetic implants has not sufficiently explored. The main reasons leading to the development of thrombosis and/or intimal hyperplasia is the lack of endothelialization. In the present work, we have studied the influence of oxygen and fluorine plasma treatment of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymers on human microvascular endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation. We characterized the polymer surface, wettability, and oxidation potential upon plasma treatment. Moreover, binding of serum and media compounds on PET surface was monitored by Quartz crystal microbalance method, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Cell adhesion and morphology was assessed by light and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of plasma treatment on induction of cellular oxidative stress and cell proliferation was evaluated. The results obtained showed that treatment with oxygen plasma decreased the oxidation potential of the PET surface and revealed the highest affinity for binding of serum components. Accordingly, the cells reflected the best adhesion and morphological properties on oxygen‐treated PET polymers. Moreover, treatment with oxygen plasma did not induce intracellular reactive oxygen species production while it stimulated endothelial cell proliferation by 25% suggesting the possible use of oxygen plasma treatment to enhance endothelialization of synthetic vascular grafts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2305–2314, 2014.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐loaded injectable hydrogel enhances plasticity in the injured spinal cord
Authors: des Rieux Anne , De Berdt Pauline , Ansorena Eduardo , Ucakar Bernard , Damien Jacobs , Schakman Olivier , Audouard Emilie , Bouzin Caroline , Auhl Dietmar , Simón‐Yarza Teresa , Feron Olivier , Blanco‐Prieto Maria J. , Carmeliet Peter , Bailly Christian , Clotman Fréderic , Préat Véronique
Published: August 2013

We hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐containing hydrogels that gelify in situ after injection into a traumatized spinal cord, could stimulate spinal cord regeneration. Injectable hydrogels composed of 0.5% Pronova UPMVG MVG alginate, supplemented or not with fibrinogen, were used. The addition of fibrinogen to alginate had no effect on cell proliferation in vitro but supported neurite growth ex vivo. When injected into a rat spinal cord in a hemisection model, alginate supplemented with fibrinogen was well tolerated. The release of VEGF that was incorporated into the hydrogel was influenced by the VEGF formulation [encapsulated in microspheres or in nanoparticles or in solution (free)]. A combination of free VEGF and VEGF‐loaded nanoparticles was mixed with alginate:fibrinogen and injected into the lesion of the spinal cord. Four weeks post injection, angiogenesis and neurite growth were increased compared to hydrogel alone. The local delivery of VEGF by injectable alginate:fibrinogen‐based hydrogel induced some plasticity in the injured spinal cord involving fiber growth into the lesion site. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2345–2355, 2014.
Glucocorticoids Antagonize RUNX2 During Osteoblast Differentiation in Cultures of ST2 Pluripotent Mesenchymal Cells
Authors: Koromila Theodora , Baniwal Sanjeev K. , Song Yae S. , Martin Anthony , Xiong Jian , Frenkel Baruch
Published: August 2013

The efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs) in treating a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions is blemished by severe side effects, including osteoporosis. The chief mechanism leading to GC‐induced osteoporosis is inhibition of bone formation, but the role of RUNX2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, has not been well studied. We assessed effects of the synthetic GC dexamethasone (dex) on transcription of RUNX2‐stimulated genes during the differentiation of mesenchymal pluripotent cells into osteoblasts. Dex inhibited a RUNX2 reporter gene and attenuated locus‐dependently RUNX2‐driven expression of several endogenous target genes. The anti‐RUNX2 activity of dex was not attributable to decreased RUNX2 expression, but rather to physical interaction between RUNX2 and the GC receptor (GR), demonstrated by co‐immunoprecipitation assays and co‐immunofluorescence imaging. Investigation of the RUNX2/GR interaction may lead to the development of bone‐sparing GC treatment modalities for the management of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 27–33, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The F region and topside ionosphere response to a strong geomagnetic storm at Arecibo
Authors: Gong Yun , Zhou Qihou , Zhang Shao Dong , Aponte Néstor , Sulzer Michael , González Sixto A.
Published: August 2013

We analyze the data derived from the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar measurements to investigate the response of the F region and topside ionosphere to a strong geomagnetic storm that occurred during the period of 5–6 August 2011. The meridional wind was extremely enhanced at the early stage of the storm. The peak velocity reached approximately 300 m/s at an altitude of 340 km, which is seldom seen at the Arecibo latitude. During the storm, the vertical ion drift caused by the meridional wind was positively correlated with that caused by the electric field, which is opposite to the quiet time relationship. The disturbed vertical ion drifts resulted in large ionospheric perturbations in the F and topside regions. Several collapses were observed in hmF2 during the storm night. NmF2 rapidly increased after the storm and then decreased around midnight. At an altitude of 610 km, the concentration of H+ and O+, and the ratio of H+ over electron density all exhibited large variations. The ratio of H+ over electron density changed from less than 10% to more than 80% in a matter of 2 hours in the morning of 6 August. One explanation for such a behavior is that vertical transport dominates over charge exchange late at night due to the lower concentration of O+.
Separation of dietary omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids in food by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Soliman Laiel C. , Donkor Kingsley K. , Church John S. , Cinel Bruno , Prema Dipesh , Dugan Michael E. R.
Published: August 2013

A lower dietary omega‐6/omega‐3 (n‐6/n‐3) fatty acid ratio (<4) has been shown to be beneficial in preventing a number of chronic illnesses. Interest exists in developing more rapid and sensitive analytical methods for profiling fatty acid levels in foods. An aqueous CE method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 15 n‐3 and n‐6 relevant fatty acids. The effect of pH and concentration of buffer, type and concentration of organic modifier, and additive on the separation was investigated in order to determine the best conditions for the analysis. Baseline separations of the 15 fatty acids were achieved using 40 mM borate buffer at pH 9.50 containing 50 mM SDS, 10 mM β‐cyclodextrin, and 10% acetonitrile. The developed CE method has LODs of <5 mg/L and good linearity (R2 > 0.980) for all fatty acids studied. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids in flax seed, Udo® oils and a selection of grass‐fed and grain‐fed beef muscle samples.
Periodic alternating nystagmus of peripheral vestibular origin
Authors: Kim Sung H. , Chung Woon‐Kyo , Kim Bo G. , Hwang Chi S. , Kim Mi J. , Lee Won‐Sang
Published: August 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

Periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) is most commonly found either in its congenital form or after cerebellar/pontomedullary lesions. However, we identified PAN in 10 patients with peripheral vestibular disorders and will try to describe their characteristics to aid in the differential diagnosis between peripheral and central etiologies.

Study Design

Observation of a case series.

Method

Peripheral vestibular lesions were confirmed by neurological examinations, vestibular function tests, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). Eye movements of the patients were recorded using electronystagmography or video nystagmography for a minimum of 10 minutes to confirm the nystagmus change in direction.

Results

The final diagnoses of the patients included Meniere's disease (n = 3), acute labyrinthitis (n = 4), sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo (n = 2), and vestibular schwannoma (n = 1). Direction‐changing spontaneous horizontal nystagmus with quiescent intervals was observed in all patients under dark conditions. The nystagmus was suppressed by visual fixation; and the results of oculomotor tests were normal for saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements and optokinetic nystagmus. All patients showed mild to complete canal paresis on a bithermal caloric test. PAN progressed into unidirectional nystagmus of the contra‐lesion side in all patients within 48 hours.

Conclusion

PAN can be observed in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders, but detecting PAN in this subpopulation is difficult because of its transitory nature. The absence of central symptoms and signs, the visual suppression of PAN, normal oculomotor tests, and transient persistence are important diagnostic clues for differentiating peripheral from central PAN.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 124:980–983, 2014
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: An analysis of 92 cases
Authors: Fritsch Valerie A. , Gerry Daniel R. , Lentsch Eric J.
Published: August 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is considered a rare and possibly more aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variant. Until now, a series of exclusively oral cavity BSCC patients has not been previously reported. We endeavored to compare BSCC and SCC of the oral cavity, focusing on epidemiologic factors and survival outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of population‐based data.

Methods

We compared epidemiologic factors, clinicopathologic data, and disease‐specific survivals (DSS) between 92 patients with oral cavity BSCC and 15,181 patients with SCC.

Results

High‐grade tumors and distant metastases were more common in the BSCC group (P ≤0.001). On multivariable analysis controlling for disease stage, BSCC patients had similar DSS to those with typical SCC (P = 0.231). Although there was a trend favoring definitive radiotherapy for BSCC, there were no significant differences in treatment approach between BSCC and SCC. The choice of treatment modality (radiation, surgery ± radiation) did not reveal a difference in DSS between the two tumor subtypes.

Conclusion

Analysis of the largest oral cavity BSCC series to date demonstrates that BSCC of the oral cavity carries a comparable prognosis to conventional‐type oral SCC.

Level of Evidence

2b. Laryngoscope, 124:1573–1578, 2014
Synthesis and Drug Release of Star‐Shaped Poly(benzyl L‐aspartate)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers with POSS Cores
Authors: Pu Yuji , Zhang Longgui , Zheng Hui , He Bin , Gu Zhongwei
Published: August 2013

Star‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymers with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as cores are synthesized using the “arm‐first” strategy. First, the block copolymer poly(benzyl L‐aspartate)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLA‐b‐PEG) is synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization of β‐benzyl L‐aspartate‐N‐carboxyanhydride (BLA–NCA) with α‐methoxy‐ω‐aminopoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG–NH2) as a macroinitiator. The copolymers are then immobilized on the eight groups of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS–COOH). The star‐shaped copolymers (POSS‐g‐(PBLA‐b‐PEG)) are characterized by 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The star‐shaped block copolymers self‐assemble into micelles in aqueous medium. Quercetin is used as a model drug and the drug loading content and encapsulation efficiency increases with increasing chain length of the PBLA blocks. The drug release behaviors of drug loaded micelles are investigated and the cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the POSS‐g‐(PBLA‐b‐PEG) copolymers are non‐toxic. The star‐shaped block copolymers are potential carriers for anticancer drug delivery.
High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound‐Induced Thermal Effect for Solid Polymer Materials
Authors: Liu Bo , Xia Hesheng , Fei Guoxia , Li Guo , Fan Wenru
Published: August 2013

In this study, high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)‐induced thermal effects for solid polymer materials are investigated systematically. Infrared camera imaging is used to monitor temperature changes. The effects of polymer structure, HIFU power, and sample thickness on the thermal effect are studied. The results show that the HIFU‐induced heating effect is very quickly, and can be controlled spatially and temporally. More importantly, it is obviously different for different polymers. The main reason is attributed to the various inner friction behaviors of macromolecular chains. This fundamental study is helpful to understand the interaction mechanism between HIFU and polymer, when HIFU is used as a trigger for drug release, shape memory, etc.

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Polyelectrolytes with Tunable Charge Based on Polydehydroalanine: Synthesis and Solution Properties
Authors: Günther Ulrike , Sigolaeva Larisa V. , Pergushov Dmitry V. , Schacher Felix H.
Published: August 2013

Poly(tert‐butoxycarbonylaminomethylacrylate) (PtBAMA), a derivative of polydehydroalanine (PDha), is synthesized using free radical polymerization (FRP) and nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP). Due to the presence of orthogonal protective groups, the resulting polymers can be selectively deprotected to yield either a polyanion (poly(tert‐butoxycarbonylaminoacrylic acid), PtBAA) or a polycation (poly(aminomethylacrylate), PAMA). Deprotection of both the amino‐ and the carboxyl‐functionality in a sequential manner leads to the potential polyzwitterion polydehydroalanine (PDha). The pH‐dependent solution behavior of PtBAA, PAMA, and PDha are examined in aqueous solution by potentiometric and turbidimetric titrations as well as ζ‐potential measurements.

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Ab Initio Study of Proton Transfer and Interfacial Properties in Phosphoric Acid‐Doped Polybenzimidazole
Authors: Li Shuo , Fried J. R.
Published: August 2013

Quantum mechanics calculations and hybrid ab initio/empirical molecular dynamics simulations using the ONIOM scheme have been used to investigate proton transfer and interfacial properties in phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped polybenzimidazole. Quantum mechanics calculations indicate that hydrogen bonding between PA and benzimidazole (with PA as the hydrogen donor) is the major interaction between PA and polybenzimidazole at low PA‐doping levels. Comparing energy barriers for different proton transfer pathways indicates that proton transfer is prone to occur between the same molecules or between a molecule and its corresponding ion. The atom‐centered density matrix propagation approach coupled with ONIOM using density functional theory and universal force field calculations indicates that protonation of the “=N–” atom on the imidazole ring occurs when there are two or more PA molecules surrounding each imidazole ring. These conclusions agree with the experimental results in the literature.
Probiotic VSL#3‐induced TGF‐β ameliorates food allergy inflammation in a mouse model of peanut sensitization through the induction of regulatory T cells in the gut mucosa
Authors: Barletta Bianca , Rossi Giacomo , Schiavi Elisa , Butteroni Cinzia , Corinti Silvia , Boirivant Monica , Di Felice Gabriella
Published: August 2013

Scope

Among food allergies, peanut allergy is frequently associated with severe anaphylactic reactions. In the need for safe and effective therapeutic strategies, probiotics may be considered on the basis of their immunomodulatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunological mediators involved in the effects of probiotic VSL#3 oral supplementation on Th2 inflammation and anaphylaxis in a mouse model of peanut allergy.

Methods and results

VSL#3 supplementation to peanut‐sensitized mice was effective in ameliorating anaphylaxis and Th2‐mediated inflammation, by promoting regulatory responses in the jejunum mucosa and in the mesenteric lymph node, as evaluated by ELISA, real‐time PCR, histologic, and immunohistochemical analysis. Probiotic‐induced TGF‐β mediates its protective effects through the induction of regulatory T cells expressing FOXP3 and/or latency‐associated peptide, as proven by in vivo blockade of TGF‐β in VSL#3‐treated mice with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody one day before challenge.

Conclusion

TGF‐β, induced in the gut by VSL#3 supplementation, is capable of reducing the Th2 inflammation associated with food anaphylaxis in a mouse model of peanut sensitization. TGF‐β acts through the induction/maintenance of regulatory T cells expressing FOXP3 and/or latency‐associated peptide. Probiotics supplementation may represent an effective and safe strategy for treating food allergies in adult population.
Complexation of rhodium(II) tetracarboxylates with aliphatic diamines in solution: 1H and 13C NMR and DFT investigations
Authors: Jaźwiński Jarosław , Sadlej Agnieszka
Published: August 2013

The complexation of rhodium(II) tetraacetate, tetrakistrifluoroaceate and tetrakisoctanoate with a set of diamines (ethane‐1,diamine, propane‐1,3‐diamine and nonane‐1,9‐diamine) and their N,N′‐dimethyl and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl derivatives in chloroform solution has been investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) modelling. A combination of two bifunctional reagents, diamines and rhodium(II) tetracarboxylates, yielded insoluble coordination polymers as main products of complexation and various adducts in the solution, being in equilibrium with insoluble material. All diamines initially formed the 2 : 1 (blue), (1 : 1)n oligomeric (red) and 1 : 2 (red) axial adducts in solution, depending on the reagents' molar ratio. Adducts of primary and secondary diamines decomposed in the presence of ligand excess, the former via unstable equatorial complexes. The complexation of secondary diamines slowed down the inversion at nitrogen atoms in NH(CH3) functional groups and resulted in the formation of nitrogenous stereogenic centres, detectable by NMR. Axial adducts of tertiary diamines appeared to be relatively stable. The presence of long aliphatic chains in molecules (adducts of nonane‐1,9‐diamines or rhodium(II) tetrakisoctanoate) increased adduct solubility. Hypothetical structures of the equatorial adduct of rhodium(II) tetraacetate with ethane‐1,2‐diamine and their NMR parameters were explored by means of DFT calculations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian model aggregation for ensemble‐based estimates of protein pKavalues
Authors: Gosink Luke J. , Hogan Emilie A. , Pulsipher Trenton C. , Baker Nathan A.
Published: August 2013

This article investigates an ensemble‐based technique called Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to improve the performance of protein amino acid pKapredictions. Structure‐based pKacalculations play an important role in the mechanistic interpretation of protein structure and are also used to determine a wide range of protein properties. A diverse set of methods currently exist for pKaprediction, ranging from empirical statistical models to ab initio quantum mechanical approaches. However, each of these methods are based on a set of conceptual assumptions that can effect a model's accuracy and generalizability for pKaprediction in complicated biomolecular systems. We use BMA to combine eleven diverse prediction methods that each estimate pKavalues of amino acids in staphylococcal nuclease. These methods are based on work conducted for the pKaCooperative and the pKameasurements are based on experimental work conducted by the García‐Moreno lab. Our cross‐validation study demonstrates that the aggregated estimate obtained from BMA outperforms all individual prediction methods with improvements ranging from 45 to 73% over other method classes. This study also compares BMA's predictive performance to other ensemble‐based techniques and demonstrates that BMA can outperform these approaches with improvements ranging from 27 to 60%. This work illustrates a new possible mechanism for improving the accuracy of pKaprediction and lays the foundation for future work on aggregate models that balance computational cost with prediction accuracy. Proteins 2014; 82:354–363. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐principles study of structural, elastic, and electronic properties of M23C6 and MC carbides (M = Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt)
Authors: Medvedeva N. I. , Ivanovskii A. L.
Published: August 2013

Using first‐principles calculations within the density functional theory we studied the electronic structure, elastic properties, and stability of M23C6 carbides, where M are the platinum‐metals: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, or Pt. The lattice constants, elastic parameters, formation energies, and densities of states of M23C6 were compared with those for mono‐carbides MC. We demonstrated that these carbides have the positive formation energies and predicted the mechanically stable phases. We found that M23C6 carbides are energetically more favorable than the corresponding MC carbides due to the stronger M–M interactions in M23C6.

Mechanically stable and unstable M23C6 and MC carbides.
Body zero frequency modes in photonic crystals of nanopores and nanocylinders
Authors: Sergentu Vladimir , Ursaki Veaceslav , Sirbu Lilian
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we demonstrate that body zero frequency modes can exist at extremely low frequencies in a system of nanocylinders made of non‐dissipative material. Such kind of modes is not specific to single nanocylinders, but they resemble modes inherent to photonic crystals.
Heat, molecular vibrations, and adiabatic driving in non‐equilibrium transport through interacting quantum dots
Authors: Haupt F. , Leijnse M. , Calvo H. L. , Classen L. , Splettstoesser J. , Wegewijs M. R.
Published: August 2013

In this article we review aspects of charge and heat transport in interacting quantum dots and molecular junctions under stationary and time‐dependent non‐equilibrium conditions due to finite electrical and thermal bias. In particular, we discuss how a discrete level spectrum can be beneficial for thermoelectric applications, and investigate the detrimental effects of molecular vibrations on the efficiency of a molecular quantum dot as an energy converter. In addition, we consider the effects of a slow time‐dependent modulation of applied voltages on the transport properties of a quantum dot and show how this can be used as a spectroscopic tool complementary to standard dc‐measurements. Finally, we combine time‐dependent driving with thermoelectrics in a double‐quantum dot system –a nanoscale analog of a cyclic heat engine –and discuss its operation and the main limitations to its performance.
Improved radiocarbon dating for contaminated archaeological bone collagen, silk, wool and hair samples via cross‐flow nanofiltrated amino acids
Authors: Boudin Mathieu , Boeckx Pascal , Vandenabeele Peter , Van Strydonck Mark
Published: August 2013

RATIONALE

Radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analyses of bone collagen, wool, hair and silk contaminated with extraneous carbon (e.g. humic substances) does not yield reliable results if these materials are pre‐treated using conventional methods.

METHODS

A cross‐flow nanofiltration method was developed that can be applied to various protein materials like collagen, hair, silk, wool and leather, and should be able to remove low‐molecular and high‐molecular weight contaminants. To avoid extraneous carbon contamination via the filter a ceramic filter (molecular weight cut‐off of 200 Da) was used. The amino acids, released by hot acid hydrolysis of the protein material, were collected in the permeate and contaminants in the retentate (>200 Da).

RESULTS

14C‐dating results for various contaminated archaeological samples were compared for bulk material (pre‐treated with the conventional methods) and for cross‐flow nanofiltrated amino acids (permeate) originating from the same samples. Contamination and quality control of 14C dates of bulk and permeate samples were obtained by measuring C:N ratios, fluorescence spectra, and δ13C and δ15N values of the samples. Cross‐flow nanofiltration decreases the C:N ratio which means that contaminants have been removed.

CONCLUSIONS

Cross‐flow nanofiltration clearly improved sample quality and 14C results. It is a quick and non‐labor‐intensive technique and can easily be implemented in any 14C and stable isotope laboratory for routine sample pre‐treatment analyses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for measuring dipeptide abundance in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Manhong , Xu Yue , Fitch William L. , Zheng Ming , Merritt Robert E. , Shrager Joseph B. , Zhang Weiruo , Dill David L. , Peltz Gary , Hoang Chuong D.
Published: August 2013

RATIONALE

Metabolomic profiling is a promising methodology of identifying candidate biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Although lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, the lung tumor metabolome has not been fully characterized.

METHODS

We utilized a targeted metabolomic approach to analyze discrete groups of related metabolites. We adopted a dansyl [5‐(dimethylamino)‐1‐naphthalene sulfonamide] derivatization with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to analyze changes of metabolites from paired tumor and normal lung tissues. Identification of dansylated dipeptides was confirmed with synthetic standards. A systematic analysis of retention times was required to reliably identify isobaric dipeptides. We validated our findings in a separate sample cohort.

RESULTS

We produced a database of the LC retention times and MS/MS spectra of 361 dansyl dipeptides. Interpretation of the spectra is presented. Using this standard data, we identified a total of 279 dipeptides in lung tumor tissue. The abundance of 90 dipeptides was selectively increased in lung tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. In a second set of validation tissues, 12 dipeptides were selectively increased.

CONCLUSIONS

A systematic evaluation of certain metabolite classes in lung tumors may identify promising disease‐specific metabolites. Our database of all possible dipeptides will facilitate ongoing translational applications of metabolomic profiling as it relates to lung cancer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capabilities and limitations of direct analysis in real time orbitrap mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of synthetic and natural polymers
Authors: Bridoux Maxime C. , Machuron‐Mandard Xavier
Published: August 2013

RATIONALE

Despite the widespread use of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS), its capabilities in terms of accessible mass range and the types of polymers that can be analysed are not well known. The goal of this work was to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of this ionization technique combined with orbitrap mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for the characterization (structural and polydispersity metrics) of various synthetic and natural polymers.

METHODS

The capabilities and limitations of DART‐MS (and ‐MS2), using an orbitrap mass spectrometer, for polymer analysis were evaluated using various industrial synthetic polymers and biopolymers. Stainless steel mesh screens secured on a movable rail were used as the sampling surface, onto which 5 μL of various polymers dissolved in tetrahydrofuran were added. Assignment of spectral features and calculation of molecular weight and polydispersity metrics were performed using Polymerix™ software and the results were compared with those obtained by gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC).

RESULTS

Protonated oligomers and ammonium adducts were instantaneously detected as the major ionisation products in positive ion mode. Only perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) were ionised in negative mode and detected as [M]–. ions. Only singly charged molecular species were observed for all oligomers under study, allowing for a rapid determination of the molecular weight and polydispersity metrics of polymers. At elevated DART gas temperatures (400–500°C) the molecular weight and polydispersity metrics compared fairly well with those obtained by GPC, with polymers whose masses ranged from 200 g.mol–1 to 4000 g.mol–1.

CONCLUSIONS

DART‐MS allowed the direct and rapid analysis (mass spectra and tandem mass spectra of all the polymers were acquired in seconds) based on the exact masses of their [M+H]+ and [M+NH4]+ ions (in the positive mode) or [M]–. ions (for polymers having a high sensitivity toward electron‐capture ionisation such as PFPEs), as well as the exact masses of their product ions, for both synthetic and natural polymers under ambient conditions without any sample pre‐treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma metabolome analysis by integrated ionization rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Tian He , Bai Jinfa , An Zhuoling , Chen Yanhua , Zhang Ruiping , He Jiuming , Bi Xiaofeng , Song Yongmei , Abliz Zeper
Published: August 2013

RATIONALE

Acquiring global information on plasma‐endogenous metabolites challenges metabolomics. This study has been designed to investigate the suitability of integrated ionization rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC/MS/MS) for different kinds of metabolites in complex plasma, and provides an approach for plasma metabolomics in acquiring more comprehensive data of metabolites.

METHODS

Integrated ionization of electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) combined with RRLC/MS/MS has been carried out to perform analysis on the global plasma metabolome of healthy volunteers. The contributions to the total numbers of ion features by RRLC/MS with ESI, APCI, and APPI in positive and negative ion modes were calculated. Representative unique and identical ions were identified. The intensities of identical ions were compared.

RESULTS

Each of ESI, APCI, and APPI coupled with RRLC/MS has its own advantage over the other two techniques for certain types of metabolites in plasma. LC/ESI‐MS is very sensitive for detecting glycerophosphocholines, glycerophosphoethanolamines, acyl carnitines, bile acids, sulfate, etc. LC/APCI‐MS is suitable for analyzing cyclic alcohols, fatty acids, and linoleic acids. LC/APPI‐MS proves to be appropriate in detecting steroids, sphingolipids, some amino acids, nucleosides, and purines in plasma.

CONCLUSIONS

It is suggested that the integrated ionization LC/MS approach should be applied for global plasma metabolomics. Moreover, the results obtained demonstrate that it is preferable to choose certain techniques from LC/ESI‐MS, LC/APCI‐MS, and LC/APPI‐MS for metabolite target analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemically facilitating the generation of diagnostic ions from SUMO(2/3) remnant isopeptides
Authors: Chicooree Navin , Griffiths John R. , Connolly Yvonne , Smith Duncan L.
Published: August 2013

RATIONALE

Mapping sites of wild‐type SUMO modification is a challenging endeavour. Here we postulate that a combination of chemical derivatistation and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) could be used to generate SUMO remnant diagnostic ions to aid both detection of these isopeptides and increase the analytical value of the product ion spectra required to characterize the nature and position of modification.

METHODS

SUMO(2/3)ylated proteins were digested with trypsin to generate isopeptides bearing TGG and QTGG isotags. The resulting digests were then dimethyl labelled followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) utilising CID in a data‐dependent acquisition on a QSTAR XL. Product ion spectra were interrogated for the presence of iso‐N‐terminal fragment ions in addition to backbone sequence ions. The ability to diagnostically detect these isopeptides was tested by generation of co‐XICs of the iso‐N‐terminal fragments in a semi‐complex background.

REULTS

Dimethyl labelling facilitated the robust detection of a1', b2' & b3' (TGG isotag) and a1', b2' & b4' (QTGG isotag) ions. The abundance of both N‐terminal and iso‐N‐terminal fragment ions, supported by dimethyl labelling, facilitated the generation of information‐rich product ion spectra of these isopeptides to aid confident site assignment. Moreover, the diagnostic nature of the combined XICs of the iso‐N‐terminal fragments supported detection of the isopeptide signals from a semi‐complex background.

CONCLUSIONS

A combination of dimethyl labelling and CID does indeed lead to the generation of SUMO remnant isopeptide product ion spectra which are more analytically rich. This enables an improvement in characterization of both the isotag and backbone sequences and the site of modification. The diagnostic value of iso‐N‐terminal fragment ions allows for post‐acquisition XIC interrogation to detect putative isopeptides of interest. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralized weighted control for a class of large‐scale systems with multi‐modes
Authors: Xiang Weiming , Xiao Jian , Han Lu
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the control synthesis problem for a class of large‐scale systems with multi‐modes that are called large‐scale switched systems is addressed. By introducing the concept of decentralized switching signal and the relevant decentralized average dwell time, the asymptotic stability and weighted ℓ2 gain performance are investigated. It should be noted that the decentralized switching covers general switching cases for large‐scale switched systems, namely, it admits both time‐dependent switching signal and arbitrary switching signal blended in the decentralized switching. Then, on the basis of the analysis results, the decentralized weighted control scheme including state feedback controller gains and switching signals is studied. Several design algorithms are proposed to meet different controller design problems. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate theoretical findings within this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using LMIs to optimize robustness of observer‐based state‐feedback for a synchrotron
Authors: Gering Stefan , Grieser Jochen , Wahrburg Arne
Published: August 2013

In this article, a synthesis method for linear systems subject to uncertain time‐varying parameters is proposed. Starting with the given values for the nominal parameters, the first objective is to find a constant state feedback such that the controlled system is stabilized and given dynamic specifications, such as a minimal decay rate, are met. In a second step, the constant feedback is then locally optimized such that the uncertain system parameters are allowed to vary around their nominal point as much as possible, whereas stabilization and dynamic specifications still hold. In addition, the procedure is extended toward observer‐based state feedback. Finally, this approach is applied to a synchrotron example, where the particle beam in longitudinal direction is to be stabilized and the coherent synchrotron frequency as well as the damping rate are uncertain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior of moment‐resisting tall steel structures exposed to a vertically traveling post‐earthquake fire
Authors: Behnam Behrouz , Ronagh Hamid R.
Published: August 2013

An investigation is performed on a 10‐story moment‐resisting steel structure designed to the Life Safety level of performance of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 356 code by exposing it to post‐earthquake fire (PEF). The fire curve is accounted for using the natural fire method, and the fire is subjected to the floors vertically in three different scenarios: (a) fire initiated from the first floor, (b) fire initiated from the fourth floor and (c) fire initiated from the seventh floor. A delay of 5 minutes and 25 minutes are considered for spreading the fire between the floors. To make a comparison between the results, a concurrent fire is also considered for the fire analysis. The results indicate that the PEF resistance of the frame exposed to the concurrent fire and the 5 minutes delay is much lower than that with a delay of 25 minutes. The results also show that subjecting the frame to a delayed fire of 25 minutes leads to the collapse of the frame during cooling phase, whereas in the other scenarios, the frame collapses during heating phase. As a result, more considerations need to be implemented in the codes on top of that for the PEF itself and that is the appropriate rate of spread of fire between floors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.