bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation of the calcium-sensing receptor induces deposition of tight junction components to the epithelial cell plasma membrane
Authors: Jouret François , Wu Jingshing , Hull Michael , Rajendran Vanathy , Mayr Bernhard , Schöfl Christof , Geibel John , Caplan Michael J.
Published: September 2013

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily and plays critical roles in divalent ion homeostasis and cell differentiation. Since extracellular Ca2+ is essential for the development of stable epithelial tight junctions (TJ), we hypothesized that the CaSR may participate in regulating TJ assembly. We first assessed the expression of the CaSR in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells at steady-state and following manipulations that modulate TJ assembly. Next, we examined the effects of CaSR agonists and antagonists on TJ assembly. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that the endogenous CaSR is located at the basolateral pole of MDCK cells. Stable transfection of human CaSR in MDCK cells further reveals that this protein co-distributes with β-catenin on the basolateral membrane. Switching MDCK cells from low calcium media to media containing the normal calcium concentration significantly increases CaSR expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Exposure of MDCK cells maintained in low-Ca2+ conditions to the CaSR agonists neomycin, Gd3+ or R-568 causes the transient relocation of the tight junction components ZO-1 and occludin to sites of cell-cell contact, while inducing no significant changes in the expression of mRNAs encoding junction-associated proteins. CaSR stimulation also increases the interaction between ZO-1 and the F-actin-binding protein, I-afadin. This effect does not involve activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase. In contrast, CaSR inhibition by NPS-2143 significantly decreases ZO-1/I-afadin interaction and reduces ZO-1 deposition at the cell surface following a Ca2+ switch from 5 µM to 200 µM [Ca2+]e. Pre-exposure of MDCK cells to the cell-permeant Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM, similarly prevents TJ-assembly caused by CaSR activation. Finally, stable transfection of MDCK cells with a cDNA encoding a human disease-associated gain-of-function mutant form of the CaSR increases these cells' transepithelial electrical resistance in comparison to expression of the wild-type human CaSR. These observations suggest that the CaSR participates in regulating TJ assembly.
The sirtuin SIRT6 regulates stress granules formation in C. elegans and in mammals
Authors: Jedrusik-Bode Monika , Studencka Maja , Smolka Christian , Baumann Tobias , Schmidt Henning , Kampf Jan , Paap Franziska , Martin Sophie , Tazi Jamal , Müller Kristian M. , Krüger Marcus , Braun Thomas , Bober Eva
Published: September 2013

SIRT6 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that modulates chromatin structure and safeguards genomic stability. So far, SIRT6 has been assigned to the nucleus and only nuclear targets of SIRT6 are known. Here, we demonstrate that in response to stress, C. elegans SIR-2.4 and its mammalian orthologue SIRT6 localize to cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs), interact with various SGs components and induce their assembly. Loss of SIRT6 or inhibition of its catalytic activity in MEF cells impairs SGs formation and delays disassembly during recovery, while deficiency of SIR-2.4 diminishes maintenance of P granules and decreases survival of C. elegans under stress condition.

Our findings uncover a novel, evolutionary conserved function of SIRT6 in maintenance of SGs in response to stress.
Why translation counts for mitochondria – retrograde signalling links mitochondrial protein synthesis to mitochondrial biogenesis and cell proliferation
Authors: Battersby Brendan J. , Richter Uwe
Published: September 2013

Organelle biosynthesis is a key requirement for cell growth and division. The regulation of mitochondrial biosynthesis exhibits additional layers of complexity compared with that of other organelles because they contain their own genome and dedicated ribosomes. Maintaining these components requires gene expression to be coordinated between the nucleo-cytoplasmic compartment and mitochondria in order to monitor organelle homeostasis and to integrate the responses to the physiological and developmental demands of the cell. Surprisingly, the parameters that are used to monitor or count mitochondrial abundance are not known, nor are the signalling pathways. Inhibiting the translation on mito-ribosomes genetically or with antibiotics can impair cell proliferation and has been attributed to defects in aerobic energy metabolism, even though proliferating cells rely primarily on glycolysis to fuel their metabolic demands. However, a recent study indicates that mitochondrial translational stress and the rescue mechanisms that relieve this stress cause the defect in cell proliferation and occur before any impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the process of mitochondrial translation in itself appears to be an important checkpoint for the monitoring of mitochondrial homeostasis and might have a role in establishing mitochondrial abundance within a cell. This hypothesis article will explore the evidence supporting a role for mito-ribosomes and translation in a mitochondria-counting mechanism.
Derivation of a Cardinal Utility Through a Weak Trade-off Consistency Requirement
Authors: Alon Shiri
Published: September 2013

An axiomatic model is presented in which a utility function over consequences, unique up to location and unit, is derived. The assumptions apply to a binary relation over purely subjective acts, namely, no exogenous probabilities are assumed. The main assumption used is a weak trade-off consistency condition. The model generalizes the biseparable model of Ghirardato and Marinacci [Ghirardato P, Marinacci M (2001) Risk, ambiguity, and the separation of utility and beliefs. Math. Oper. Res. 26(4):864–890].
Polyhedral Aspects of Stable Marriage
Authors: Eirinakis Pavlos , Magos Dimitrios , Mourtos Ioannis , Miliotis Panayiotis
Published: September 2013

In the setting of the stable matching (SM) problem, it has been observed that some of the man-woman pairs cannot be removed although they participate in no stable matching, since such a removal would alter the set of solutions. These pairs are yet to be identified. Likewise (and despite the sizeable literature), some of the fundamental characteristics of the SM polytope (e.g., its dimension, its facets, etc.) have not been established. In the current work, we show that these two seemingly distant open issues are closely related. More specifically, we identify the pairs with the above-mentioned property and present a polynomial algorithm for producing a set of minimal preference lists. We utilize this result in the context of two different representations of the SM structure (rotation-poset graph and algebraic formulation) and derive the dimension of the SM polytope to obtain all alternative minimal linear descriptions.
Closed-Form Expansions of Discretely Monitored Asian Options in Diffusion Models
Authors: Cai Ning , Li Chenxu , Shi Chao
Published: September 2013

In this paper we propose a closed-form asymptotic expansion approach to pricing discretely monitored Asian options in general one-dimensional diffusion models. Our expansion is a small-time expansion because the expansion parameter is selected to be the square root of the length of monitoring interval. This expansion method is distinguished from many other pricing-oriented expansion algorithms in the literature because of two appealing features. First, we illustrate that it is possible to explicitly calculate not only the first several expansion terms but also any general expansion term in a systematic way. Second, the convergence of the expansion is proved rigorously under some regularity conditions. Numerical experiments suggest that the closed-form expansion formula with only a few terms (e.g., four terms up to the third order) is accurate, fast, and easy to implement for a broad range of diffusion models, even including those violating the regularity conditions.
First Metabolic Profile of XLR-11, a Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid, Obtained by Using Human Hepatocytes and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wohlfarth Ariane , Pang Shaokun , Zhu Mingshe , Gandhi Adarsh S , Scheidweiler Karl B , Liu Hua-fen , Huestis Marilyn A
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

Since the mid-2000s synthetic cannabinoids have been abused as recreational drugs, prompting scheduling of these substances in many countries. To circumvent legislation, manufacturers constantly market new compounds; [1-(5-fluoropentyl)indol-3-yl]-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (XLR-11), the fluorinated UR-144 analog, is one of the most recent and widely abused drugs, and its use is now linked with acute kidney injury. Our goal was to investigate XLR-11 metabolism for identification of major urinary targets in analytical methods and to clarify the origin of metabolites when one or more parent synthetic cannabinoids can be the source.

METHODS

We incubated 10 μmol/L XLR-11 with pooled human hepatocytes and sampled after 1 and 3 h. Samples were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry with a TOF scan followed by information-dependent acquisition triggered product ion scans with dynamic BACKGROUND subtraction and mass defect filters. Scans were thoroughly data mined with different data processing algorithms (Metabolite Pilot 1.5).

RESULTS

XLR-11 underwent phase I and II metabolism, producing more than 25 metabolites resulting from hydroxylation, carboxylation, hemiketal and hemiacetal formation, internal dehydration, and further glucuronidation of some oxidative metabolites. No sulfate or glutathione conjugation was observed. XLR-11 also was defluorinated, forming UR-144 metabolites. On the basis of mass spectrometry peak areas, we determined that the major metabolites were 2′-carboxy-XLR-11, UR-144 pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-UR-144, hydroxy-XLR-11 glucuronides, and 2′-carboxy-UR-144 pentanoic acid. Minor metabolites were combinations of the biotransformations mentioned above, often glucuronidated.

CONCLUSIONS

These are the first data defining major urinary targets of XLR-11 metabolism that could document XLR-11 intake in forensic and clinical investigations.
Thyroid dysfunction in thalassaemic patients: ferritin as a prognostic marker and combined iron chelators as an ideal therapy
Authors: Chirico Valeria , Antonio Lacquaniti , Vincenzo Salpietro , Luca Nicoletta , Valeria Ferraù , Basilia Piraino , Luciana Rigoli , Carmelo Salpietro , Teresa Arrigo
Published: September 2013

Objective

Endocrine complications characterised patients with β thalassaemia (βT). In particular, thyroid dysfunction occurs frequently in βT major, but its long-term natural history is poorly understood.

Design

A total of 72 βT patients were followed for 8 years. The incidence of thyreopathies, defined as the primary study endpoint, was assessed. The aim of this study was to analyse the prognostic role of ferritin for thyreopathies in patients with major and intermedia βT. The power of different iron chelators to treat iron overload and to prevent or reverse thyreopathies was also assessed.

Methods

Patients were treated with chelators with different chelation strategies during the study. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was employed to calculate the area under the curve for serum ferritin to find the best cutoff values capable of identifying thyroid dysfunction in thalassaemic patients. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to assess incidence of thyreopathy. Adjusted risk estimates for thyreopathy were calculated using univariate followed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Results

Patients with thyroid dysfunction were characterised by higher ferritin when compared with patients without thyreopathies (1500 (872–2336) vs 513 (370–698) μg/l;P<0.0001). Patients with ferritin values above 1800 μg/l experienced a significantly faster evolution to endpoint (log-rank (χ2): 7.7;P=0.005). Ferritin predicted high risk of thyroid dysfunction independently of confounding factors (hazard ratio: 1.20;P<0.0001). The intensification of chelation therapy led to an amelioration of thyroid function.

Conclusions

Ferritin represents a prognostic marker for βT patients and a predictive factor for progression to thyroid dysfunction. Intensive chelation therapy allows the prevention and reversibility of thyroid complications.
Comparação de previsões individuais e suas combinações: um estudo com séries industriais
Authors: Martins Vera Lúcia Milani , Werner Liane
Published: September 2013

A necessidade de realizar previsões acuradas, oriunda do crescente aprimoramento tecnológico, tem estimulado a aplicação e comparação de diferentes técnicas de modelagem, assim como de métodos de combinação. Historicamente, pesquisadores consideram que combinar previsões originadas de diferentes técnicas melhora a sua acurácia, embora alguns estudos questionem se essa é realmente a melhor opção. Este trabalho procura verificar, para previsões industriais, se há diferença entre a acurácia das previsões individuais e a de suas combinações, por meio da modelagem de séries reais. Como técnicas de previsão individual, utilizam-se a metodologia Box-Jenkins e a modelagem RNA; para a combinação das previsões, utilizam-se os métodos da média aritmética e da variância mínima simplificado. A avaliação de desempenho das previsões é obtida por meio das medidas de acurácia MAPE, MSE e MAE. Como principal resultado, destaca-se a frequência predominante em que previsões obtidas pelo método da variância mínima apresentaram desempenho superior em relação às demais previsões.
Analysis of Studies on Social Support and Children of Depressed Mothers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Loureiro Sonia Regina , Silva Ana Paula Casagrande
Published: September 2013

Recognizing the conditions that minimize the impact of maternal depression on children has clinical relevance. The present review aimed to analyze recent empirical studies that have investigated the associations between maternal depression and different social support conditions for school-aged children. We systematically reviewed empirical articles indexed from 2007 to 2014 in the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO. Three keywords were used: maternal depression, social support and child behavior. Twenty-seven articles were included and analyzed. These studies included a broad range of contextual risk factors and social support conditions, and in their predictive models, it was found that less contextual risk and greater parental resources and social support were predictors of fewer problems for the children. The identification of social support sources that attenuate the effect of maternal depression on child outcomes has implications for the development of prevention and intervention programs.
Jovens, juventude e políticas públicas: produção acadêmica em periódicos científicos brasileiros (2002 a 2011)
Authors: Zanella Andréa Vieira , Groff Apoliana Regina , Silva Dâmaris Oliveira Batista da , Mattos Laura Kemp de , Furtado Janaína Rocha , Assis Neiva de
Published: September 2013

Neste artigo discute-se a produção acadêmica entre 2002 e 2011 sobre jovem, juventude e políticas públicas, divulgada em periódicos científicos brasileiros que integram a base de dados SCIELO. Os artigos selecionados foram categorizados em relação à instituição de origem, titulação dos pesquisadores, área do conhecimento da publicação e dos pesquisadores, ano de publicação do artigo, tipo de pesquisa, objetivos, recursos metodológicos, concepção de jovem, juventude e políticas públicas. Constatamos uma concentração de estudos nas áreas de educação, saúde e assistência social. Quanto às concepções de jovem e juventude, predominou a concepção de sujeito com base em fases e estágios claramente marcados pela entrada e saída do trabalho, sendo evidente nesses estudos a lógica de que a tutela se faz necessária, seja da família, do Estado e de Instituições outras, inclusive a Acadêmica. Sob essa lógica se apresentam grande parte das justificativas para a reivindicação de políticas públicas para os jovens nos artigos analisados.
Repetência escolar nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: evidências a partir dos dados da Prova Brasil 2009
Authors: Ortigão Maria Isabel Ramalho ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil, Aguiar Glauco Silva ,   Fundação Osório,  Brazil
Published: September 2013

Apresenta os resultados de um estudo exploratório sobre a repetência escolar de alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Usando os dados dos estudantes do 5º ano avaliados na Prova Brasil 2009, em Matemática, programou-se um modelo de regressão logística (modelo de risco à reprovação) para investigar quais características dos alunos e de suas famílias estão associadas à repetência. Verificou-se no estudo que os meninos são mais propensos à repetição em Matemática do que as meninas e que cursar a pré-escola, fazer os deveres de casa e ter apoio da família nos estudos são importantes fatores associados à diminuição do risco de repetência nesse nível de ensino.
Práticas e reflexões de professoras numa pesquisa longitudinal
Authors: Curi Edda ,   Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul,  Brazil
Published: September 2013

Analisa práticas e reflexões de professoras que participam de um grupo colaborativo no âmbito do Projeto Observatório da Educação, financiado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Destaca a constituição do grupo, as ações desenvolvidas, as reflexões das professoras e as considerações que permitem avançar nos processos de ensino de Matemática e formação de professores. Examina cadernos de registros das professoras, atas de memória do grupo e depoimentos e apresenta a análise desse conteúdo, pela perspectiva de Bardin. Conclui ter havido avanços significativos nas práticas, pois o trabalho em grupo favoreceu o processo reflexivo das professoras sobre sua prática e seu desenvolvimento profissional, embora ainda existam fragilidades em algumas reflexões.
Políticas de material didático no Brasil: organização dos processos de escolha de livros didáticos em escolas públicas de educação básica
Authors: Zambon Luciana Bagolin ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,  Brazil, Terrazzan Eduardo Adolfo ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,  Brazil
Published: September 2013

Apresenta os resultados de estudo sobre os processos de escolha de livros didáticos (LD), no âmbito do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), mediante o qual buscamos responder a seguinte questão: Como escolas de educação básica (EEB) organizam e desenvolvem ações para a escolha de LD? Para a coleta de informações, realizamos entrevistas com membros das equipes gestoras de 15 EEB. Pelas análises das entrevistas realizadas, podemos afirmar que: 1) a organização do processo de escolha de LD nas EEB foi desencadeada muito mais por ações desenvolvidas pelas editoras do que propriamente por orientações do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE); 2) no processo de escolha de LD, é bastante comum a realização de encontros breves durante o intervalo das aulas, no qual os professores costumam tomar suas decisões acerca da seleção dos livros; 3) as ações desenvolvidas nas EEB mobilizam todos os professores, mediante a realização de, ao menos, uma reunião, mas essas ações restringem-se à tarefa de escolha dos LD em cada área disciplinar, não havendo discussões mais amplas acerca das finalidades próprias do ensino médio, nem acerca do papel dos LD para tanto.
Leveraging the General Transit Feed Specification for Efficient Transit Analysis
Authors: Wong James
Published: September 2013

Since 2007, the transit industry has benefited from a widely adopted data standard called the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), which has enabled the development of numerous traveler information tools (i.e., transit trip planners). The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the potential for GTFS feeds as a data source for transit analyses, such as those found in the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual. There are three primary project tasks: an analysis of GTFS field usage by different agencies; an analysis of a single agency's operations at the stop, route, and system levels; and a batch analysis and comparison of 50 large transit agencies in North America. Compared with manually transcribing schedules from transit websites or parsing printed schedules, the use of scripts and database queries suggests that the GTFS is a highly efficient data source and proves the importance of broadly accepted data standards. The methodology documented in this paper and the open source scripts (made available online) will be useful for any analyst or researcher who has tasks related to the analysis of single or multiple transit systems at the stop, route, or system level.
Optimal Number and Location of Node-Based Sensors for Collection of Travel Time Data in Networks
Authors: Asudegi Mona , Haghani Ali
Published: September 2013

Travel time prediction is highly useful in traffic management and planning. The prediction's accuracy relies on the accuracy of the travel time data used. Various sensors are being used to collect travel time data, including link-based and node-based sensors. Recently, a new method in the collection of travel time data was introduced: Bluetooth technology, used to detect Bluetooth devices in vehicles and determine the vehicles' travel times. Bluetooth sensors are generally node-based sensors. Despite the amount of literature available on sensor location problems, the use of node-based sensors to collect travel time data is rarely discussed. Projects that looked at the collection of travel time data with Bluetooth sensors prompted this study of the problem of sensor location in the installation of Bluetooth sensors and, more generally, node-based sensors. The goal of this study is to find the optimal number of node-based sensors and their optimal deployment locations in a network for the collection of highly reliable travel time data. Two formulations are proposed for modeling this problem. The formulations consider a new set of reliability factors. Through these formulations, the sensor location problem can be solved optimally for large networks. The proposed formulations are not restricted to Bluetooth sensors and can be applied to any node-based sensor location problem. Various case studies that use real-world networks are conducted to compare the results obtained from both the proposed formulations with the methodologies available in the literature. The findings of the case studies are reported in the paper.
Shortest Paths in Stochastic Time-Dependent Networks with Link Travel Time Correlation
Authors: Dong Wei , Vu Hai L. , Nazarathy Yoni , Vo Bao Quoc , Li Minyi , Hoogendoorn Serge Paul
Published: September 2013

This paper develops a simple, robust framework for the problem of finding the route with the least expected travel time from any node to any given destination in a stochastic and time-dependent network. Spatial and temporal link travel time correlations are both considered in the proposed solution, which is based on a dynamic programming approach. In particular, the spatial correlation is represented by a Markovian property of the link states, in which each link is assumed to experience congested or uncongested conditions. The temporal correlation is manifested through the time-dependent expected link travel time given the condition of the link traversed. The framework enables the use of a route guidance system, in which at any decision node within a network, a decision can be made on the basis of current traffic information about which node to take next to achieve the shortest expected travel time to the destination. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the computational steps involved in the framework to make route choices and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Reviewing and Updating BDS Curriculum Stakeholders Views
Authors: Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Chowdhury Fatima Parveen , Kashem Abul , Azad SM Salahuddin Al , Hossain Zakir , Abeer Chowdhury Nasrath Munir , Islam Tania
Published: September 2013

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the need for reviewing and updating the existing Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) curriculum. The study was conducted in different government and nongovernment dental colleges of Bangladesh in January to March 2013. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Teachers of different levels, intern doctors and final year BDS students were included in the study. Convenient sampling was done and the sample size was 63. A total number of three focus group discussions were conducted including 65 teachers as participants. Study revealed that the course duration should be five years instead of 4 years. Organizational structures of 5 years BDS course would be as MBBS course consisting of four phases. Duration of the 1st BDS curriculum would be 1 & ½ years, 2nd phase 1 year, 3rd phase 1 year and the 4th phase would be 1 & ½ years duration. There would be four professional university examinations for four phases within the specific duration. Redistribution and renaming of the few subjects in total course were also suggested. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16313 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-2, July-2013
Practice of Dental Surgeons about Dental Splatter and Aerosol
Authors: Aurangjeb Aslam Md , Zaman Tamanna , Badruddoza Meghdeep
Published: September 2013

Aim: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 dental surgeons working in the outpatient departments at some renowned educational institutions and a few private dental clinics in Dhaka city. Methods: The respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaire and their method of practice was noted. Results: Mean period of practice was 9.49±5.936 (1 to 27) years. The mean age in year of the respondents was 33.88±6.18 (24 to 50) years. Highest respondents were from private dental clinics (28.6%) and the rests were from educational institutions. According to educational qualifications, 65.7% were graduate dental surgeons and the rest were postgraduates. Male were more (63) in numbers than the female respondents (42). Only 9.5% practiced dental chair instrument tray and other exposed area cleaning with disinfectants between patients, 6.7% used to wrap exposed areas and change between different patients and 5.7% practiced air exhausting during dental treatment. Only 27.6% changed gloves for each patient, 71.4% dental surgeons used aprons, 96.1% dental surgeons used face masks, 74.3% respondents did not use goggles or eye protecting shields and only 4.8% dental surgeons used head caps in their daily dental practice. Of all, 5.7% dental surgeons routinely advised their patients to rinse mouth with any antiseptic mouth wash before treatment to minimize dental splatter and aerosol and 3.8% dental surgeons used high-volume suction as a routine practice during all dental treatment procedures. Conclusion: The study reveals the existing practice situation of dental surgeons of Dhaka city about cross infection control especially dental splatter and aerosol. Dental health-care personnel, dental patients and their family members are at a risk to expose to contaminated diseases due to dental splatter and aerosol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16314 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-2, July-2013
Gingival Health Status among the Arsenicosis Patients
Authors: Sarker Rathindro Nath , Akter Afroza , Noman Nahid Al , Rahman Md Zahidur
Published: September 2013

Aims: The study was performed to assess gingival health status among the arsenicosis patients in comparison with the nonarsenicosis healthy individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative type of study was conducted. One hundred and ninety two (192) arsenicosis patients and 96 non-arsenicosis healthy individuals were recruited purposively on the basis of defined selection criteria from January 2010 to June 2012. Research instrument was an interviewer questionnaire with gingival examination checklist. The questionnaire included socioeconomic family profile and the gingival checklist included attrition, pigmentation, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Results: One hundred and thirty seven (71.35%; n=137) of arsenicosis patients suffered from gingival attrition in comparison with the healthy individuals (38.54%; n=37). Gingival pigmentation was seen 61.98% (n=119) and 29.16% (n=28), respectively, among arsenicosis and non-arsenicosis individuals. Results also showed that 89.58% (n=172) of arsenicosis patients suffered from gingivitis, whereas, 44.79% (n=43) did not. In addition, 46.88% (n=90) and 25.00% (n=24) of arsenicosis and non-arsenicosis patients, respectively, were found suffered from periodontitis. Conclusion: Gingival health status of the arsenicosis patients was found relatively higher vulnerable to gingival attrition, pigmentation, gingivitis and periodontitis than that of nonarsenicosis healthy individuals. Health education intervention programs among the risk population and arsenicosis patients, and ensure of arsenic-free safe drinking and household use of water may be one of the most important applicable way to control and prevention of arsenicosis and gingival health problems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16316 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-2, July-2013
Educational intervention on Oro-dental Hygiene among Secondary School Children at Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Sayeed , Begum Jahanara , Alam Md Monirul , Mamun Md Abdullah Al , Sultana Nadera
Published: September 2013

Aim: An intervention study was conducted on oro-dental hygiene among secondary school students in a specific school at Dhamrai, Dhaka of Bangladesh. The main objective was to assess knowledge on oro-dental hygiene among secondary school student and also carry out an evaluation of health education intervention program. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Specific health information messages on oro-dental hygiene were disseminated to 64 students of Kailash Chandra high school at Dhamrai through a group approach using posters, flip charts and dental models. Results: It was observed that 80% of the students heard about the importance of oro-dental hygiene before intervention and that reached to 100% after intervention. Before intervention, 51.7% possessed correct knowledge about oro-dental care and that increased up to 90% after intervention. It was also observed that only 46.7% of the participants knew about the health hazards as consequences of not tooth brushing and it rose up to 80% after intervention. Conclusion: The study disclosed the status of knowledge and practice which greatly improved after dental health educational intervention program. Therefore, the intervention program through child to child education had been found effective in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16318 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-2, July-2013
A study on Arch Widths in Adults with Class I Crowded and Class III Malocclusions Compared to Normal Occlusions in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Rabbani Rashed Md Golam , Habib Ahsan , Mahamud Sohal , Saha Arup Kumar , Haque ASM Rafiul , Jahan Md Shahed , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: September 2013

Aims: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2010 to December 2012. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that there were no differences between adults with class I crowded, class III and class I normal occlusions in respect to width of the maxillary and mandibular arches and gender comparisons. Materials and Methods: In this study, 82 pairs of study models were selected from the patients and students of the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics at Dhaka Dental College and Hospital and were divided into three groups. Twenty seven (27) pairs of dental casts with normal occlusion, 25 pairs with class I crowded and another 30 pairs with class III malocclusions that included almost equal numbers of male and female samples. Results: Among different arch dimensions, maxillary arch widths were found to have significantly smaller in class I crowded and class III malocclusions compared to normal class I occlusion. Conclusion: The hypothesis was partially rejected by the findings of the study. It may be suggested that Orthodontist who is aware of these differences in arch dimension will be beneficial to diagnose and make planning of treatment of orthodontic cases more accurately. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16319 City Dent. Coll. J Voume-10, Number-2, July-2013
Infection Control Protocol in Prosthetic Laboratory
Authors: Begum Aleya , Ahmed Rubaba , Dithi Akashlynn Badruddoza , Islam Md Saiful , Shaikh Mushfiq Hassan
Published: September 2013

It is a public demand to expect health care profession to maintain its highest possible standard by preventing the spread of communicable diseases. Dental laboratory, being a potential source for the spread of various infections, is no exception to it and should ensure strict infection control measures. In contrast to the dental clinic and surgical areas, the dental laboratory is often overlooked, especially, when planning effective infection control measure. The aim of this review is to provide the general dental practitioners with the latest information and guidelines to achieve infection control in the dental laboratory. Apparently, it focuses on the technical knowledge and practices that should be followed in prosthetic laboratories. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16347 City Dent. Coll. J Voume-10, Number-2, July-2013
Management of Millers Class III Gingival Recession A Case Report (case series-1)
Authors: Hossain Md Zahid , Al-Qahtani Sulaiman S , Hossain MM Iqbal
Published: September 2013

Objective: The treatment of buccal gingival recession (GR) is a common requirement due to aesthetic concern, root caries and /or root hypersensitivity. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the success and predictability of sliding pedicle graft in combination with the vestibular deepening technique for the management of Miller's Class III gingival recession. Methods: A Saudi male adult, aged 30 years was selected having Millers Class III GR 5.0 mm on the lower left central incisor. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was provided for the patient to ensure periodontal health. Sliding pedicle graft along with the vestibule deepening technique was applied. Patient was followed up monthly for 2 months. Results: Root coverage 60.0% and clinical attachment gain 3 mm were evident following 2 months of periodontal surgery. Conclusion: Sliding pedicle graft in combination of vestibular deepening may be applied as an effective technique to increase the width of attached gingiva and treat Class III Millers type of gingival recession. Long term continuous monitoring of the case would be conclusive. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16348 City Dent. Coll. J Voume-10, Number-2, July-2013
Editorial Vol.10(2)
Authors: Hossain Md Zahid , Lasker Shamima Parvin
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16363 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-2, July-2013
Effect of Preoperative Bolus Supplemental Fluid on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - A Prospective Study
Authors: Murshed H , Islam M , Wahab MA , Al-Azad MAS
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i2.16342 JAFMC Vol.8(2) 2012 pp.16-21
Ultrasound Guidance Improves the Quality and Speeds Execution of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Ershad R , Rahman MA , Islam MS , Islam MS , Hossain MPA , Siraj SB
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i2.16343 JAFMC Vol.8(2) 2012 pp.22-25
Sodium Valproate in Migraine Prevention: Efficacy is the same as Propranolol
Authors: Chowdhury MI , Anwar AKM Ullah , Omar KM Hassan , Majumder S
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i2.16352 JAFMC Vol.8(2) 2012 pp.32-38
Role of VAD Regimen as the First-Line Treatment in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mahmood SS , Abedin AKM , Islam H , Jubaida N , Kawsar NM , Hoque M
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i2.16357 JAFMC Vol.8(2) 2012 pp.64-69
Comparative Study of Success of Dacryocystorhyinostomy with and without Silicone Tube Intubation
Authors: Rahman MZ , Hossain MJ , Hossain Z , Karim M
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v8i2.16358 JAFMC Vol.8(2) 2012 pp.70-74
Near‐infrared spectroscopic evaluation of lyophilized viral vaccine formulations
Authors: Hansen Laurent , Beer Thomas De , Pieters Sigrid , Heyden Yvan Vander , Vervaet Chris , Remon Jean Paul , Montenez Jean‐Pierre , Daoussi Rim
Published: September 2013

This article examines the applicability of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to evaluate the virus state in a freeze‐dried live, attenuated vaccine formulation. Therefore, this formulation was freeze‐dried using different virus volumes and after applying different pre‐freeze‐drying virus treatments (resulting in different virus states): (i) as used in the commercial formulation; (ii) without antigen (placebo); (iii) concentrated via a centrifugal filter device; and (iv) stressed by 96 h exposure to room temperature. Each freeze‐dried product was measured directly after freeze‐drying with NIR spectroscopy and the spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). Herewith, two NIR spectral regions were evaluated: (i) the 7300–4000 cm−1 region containing the amide A/II band which might reflect information on the coated proteins of freeze‐dried live, attenuated viruses; and (ii) the C–H vibration overtone regions (10,000–7500 and 6340–5500 cm−1) which might supply information on the lipid layer surrounding the freeze‐dried live, attenuated viruses. The different pre‐freeze‐drying treated live, attenuated virus formulations (different virus states and virus volumes) resulted in different clusters in the scores plots resulting from the PCA of the collected NIR spectra. Secondly, partial least squares discriminant analysis models (PLS‐DA) were developed and evaluated, allowing classification of the freeze‐dried formulations according to virus pretreatment. The results of this study suggest the applicability of NIR spectroscopy for evaluating live, attenuated vaccine formulations with respect to their virus pretreatment and virus volume. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1573–1586, 2013
Studies on the Enantiomers of RC-33 as Neuroprotective Agents: Isolation, Configurational Assignment, and Preliminary Biological Profile
Authors: Rossi Daniela , Pedrali Alice , Marra Annamaria , Pignataro Luca , Schepmann Dirk , Wünsch Bernhard , Ye Lian , Leuner Kristina , Peviani Marco , Curti Daniela , Azzolina Ornella , Collina Simona
Published: September 2013

In this study we addressed the role of chirality in the biological activity of RC-33, recently studied by us in its racemic form. An asymmetric synthesis procedure was the first experiment, leading to the desired enantioenriched RC-33 but with an enantiomeric excess (ee) not good enough for supporting the in vitro investigation. An enantioselective high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was then successfully carried out, yielding both RC-33 enantiomers in amounts and optical purity suitable for the pharmacological study. The absolute configuration of pure enantiomers was easily assigned exploiting the asymmetric synthesis previously devised. As emerged in the preliminary in vitro biological investigation, (S)‐ and (R)-RC-33 possess a comparable affinity towards the σ1 receptor and a very a similar behavior in the calcium influx assay, resulting in an equally effective σ1 receptor agonist. Overall, the results obtained so far suggest that the interaction with the biological target is nonstereoselective and leads us to hypothesize that there is a lack of stereoselectivity in the biological activity of RC-33. Chirality 25:814–822, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioseparation and Determination of the Chiral Fungicide Furametpyr Enantiomers in Rice, Soil, and Water by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Dong Fengshou , Chen Xiu , Xu Jun , Liu Xingang , Chen Zenglong , Li Yuanbo , Zhang Hongjun , Zheng Yongquan
Published: September 2013

The chiral fungicide furametpyr is widely used in the rice field to control rice sheath blight; however, furametpyr enantiomers are treated as just one compound in traditional achiral analysis, which gives only partial information. An effective chiral analytical method was developed for the resolution and determination of the fungicide furametpyr enantiomers in rice, soil, and water samples. Furametpyr enantiomers were excellently separated and determined on a Chiralpak AD‐H column with n‐hexane/ethanol (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min‐1 with UV detection at 220 nm. The resolution was up to 8.85. The first eluted enantiomer was (+)‐furametpyr and the second eluted one was (−)‐furametpyr. The effects of mobile‐phase composition and column temperature on the enantioseparation were evaluated. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification LOQ. LOD was 2.0 µg kg‐1 in water, 0.02 mg kg‐1 in soil, and 0.07 mg kg‐1 in rice with an LOQ of 6.7 µg kg‐1 in water, 0.07 mg kg‐1 in soil, and 0.23 mg kg‐1 in rice. The average recoveries of the pesticide in all matrices ranged from 73.1 to 101.8% for all fortification levels. The precision values associated with the analytical method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) values, were below 14.0% in all matrices. The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of furametpyr enantiomers in real samples. Chirality 25:904–909, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative validity of the chinese versions of the bulimic inventory test edinburgh and eating attitudes test for DSM‐IV eating disorders among high school dance and nondance students in taiwan
Authors: Tseng Mei‐Chih Meg , Fang David , Lee Ming‐Been
Published: September 2013

Objectives

To compare the validity of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE) as screening tools for eating disorders (EDs), and to identify a new threshold for each questionnaire to detect ED cases among dance and nondance students.

Method

Dance students enrolled in high schools with gifted dance programs and nondance students randomly chosen from the same or nearby schools were invited to participate in a 2‐phase ED survey. Participants completed the EAT and BITE questionnaires in the first phase. All participants who screened positive and 10% of the participants who screened negative were interviewed blindly using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐TR Axis I Disorders Patient Edition.

Results

The BITE had better accuracy than the EAT in detecting ED in general among both dance and non‐dance students. BITE scores of 19 and 16 were the optimal cutoff values for determining ED among dance and nondance students, respectively. The optimal cutoff value for the EAT to diagnose an ED was 19 for dance students and 12 for nondance students. Both questionnaires showed higher sensitivity and lower specificity in dance students than nondance students at the same cutoff points.

Discussion

The BITE had better diagnostic performance than the EAT in this nonclinical population, although its ability to detect restrictive behaviors is likely as limited as that of the EAT. Plausible explanations for these results and limitations of this study are discussed in the text. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:105–111)
Therapeutic alliance in two treatments for adults with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa
Authors: Stiles‐Shields Colleen , Touyz Stephen , Hay Phillipa , Lacey Hubert , Crosby Ross D. , Rieger Elizabeth , Bamford Bryony , Le Grange Daniel
Published: September 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the strength and role of therapeutic alliance in a trial comparing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for anorexia nervosa (CBT‐AN) and Specialist Supportive Clinical Management for the treatment of severe and enduring AN (SE‐AN).

Method

Participants were 63 adult females with SE‐AN presenting to an outpatient, multisite randomized controlled trial conducted at two clinical sites. Participants completed measures assessing their perception of the quality of the therapeutic relationship, eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, and depressive symptomatology.

Results

Beyond the effect of early treatment change and treatment assignment, early therapeutic alliance was a significant predictor of Restraint and Shape Concern at follow‐up (ps < .02). Late therapeutic alliance was a significant predictor of weight change, depressive symptomatology, and ED symptomatology at end of treatment and follow‐up (ps < .008), with the exception of Shape Concern at follow‐up (p = .07).

Discussion

The results suggest that therapeutic alliance can be effectively established in the treatment of SE‐AN and may be relevant for treatment response, particularly in late treatment, on some aspects of ED and depressive symptomatology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:783–789)
Shrub canopies influence soil temperatures but not nutrient dynamics: An experimental test of tundra snow–shrub interactions
Authors: Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Hik David S.
Published: September 2013

Shrubs are the largest plant life form in tundra ecosystems; therefore, any changes in the abundance of shrubs will feedback to influence biodiversity, ecosystem function, and climate. The snow–shrub hypothesis asserts that shrub canopies trap snow and insulate soils in winter, increasing the rates of nutrient cycling to create a positive feedback to shrub expansion. However, previous work has not been able to separate the abiotic from the biotic influences of shrub canopies. We conducted a 3‐year factorial experiment to determine the influences of canopies on soil temperatures and nutrient cycling parameters by removing ~0.5 m high willow (Salix spp.) and birch (Betula glandulosa) shrubs, creating artificial shrub canopies and comparing these manipulations to nearby open tundra and shrub patches. Soil temperatures were 4–5°C warmer in January, and 2°C cooler in July under shrub cover. Natural shrub plots had 14–33 cm more snow in January than adjacent open tundra plots. Snow cover and soil temperatures were similar in the manipulated plots when compared with the respective unmanipulated treatments, indicating that shrub canopy cover was a dominant factor influencing the soil thermal regime. Conversely, we found no strong evidence of increased soil decomposition, CO2 fluxes, or nitrate or ammonia adsorbtion under artificial shrub canopy treatments when compared with unmanipulated open tundra. Our results suggest that the abiotic influences of shrub canopy cover alone on nutrient dynamics are weaker than previously asserted.