bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF CRACK DENSITY ON THE HYDRO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF A HORIZONTAL BOREHOLE UNDER ISOTROPIC COMPRESSIVE STRESS
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Nga
Published: September 2022

The excavation of boreholes induces a damage zone in the vicinity of the boreholes, and thereby affects the hydro-mechanical properties of the rock mass surrounding. This paper outlines analytical models of effective permeability and moduli of the porous rock containing a randomly crack distribution, which is an explicit function of the dimensionless crack density, crack conductivity, crack length and matrix permeability. These proposed models are then introduced into a finite element open source code, Code_Aster, to study hydro-mechanical responses of the medium around a horizontal borehole under isotropic far-field compressive stress for different cases of crack density. The results showed that the crack density changes the effective permeability and moduli and therefore under isotropic compressive stress it influences significantly the behavior of the borehole.
CALCULATION OF TUNNEL LININGS UNDER SEISMIC LOADS OF THE EARTHQUAKES BY GENERATED THE ARTIFICIAL ACCELERATION APPLIED IN THE HA NOI AREA
Authors: Vu Ngoc Anh
Published: September 2022

Dynamic analysis of the tunnel affected by earthquakes requires the input are accelerations suitable for seismic conditions in the survey area. Hanoi city is the area where many tunnels are being built, but earthquakes in the past were not recorded, so the data of supply problems is limited. It is necessary to use artificial acceleration. One of the most widely used methods of creating artificial ground acceleration is the method of directly correcting available acceleration records according to spectral matching conditions. Base on this approach, the authors built PG01 program on Matlab language to generate the artificial acceleration. In this paper, the program PG01 will be used to create artificial ground acceleration which matching the response spectrum in Ba Dinh district, Hanoi city according to National Standard of Vietnam TCVN 9386-2012 with 3 different records. Take the obtained ground acceleration as input in to practice calculations the typical tunnel structure of the project Metro line No.3 (Nhon - Hanoi Station) using Plaxis2D program.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PERMANENT STRAIN OF DENSE-GRADED ASPHALT AND POROUS ASPHALT USING UNIAXIAL CYCLIC COMPRESSION TEST WITH CONFINEMENT
Authors: Nguyen Tan Hung
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the permanent strain of dense-graded asphalt and porous asphalt material using uniaxial cyclic compression test with confinement. Based on the test results, the comparison of the permanent strain was carried out. The results showed that the permanent strain resistance of porous asphalt material was better than that of the dense-graded asphalt material. In addition, the use of higher performance-graded asphalt binder improved remarkably the permanent strain resistance of porous asphalt material. The analysis of the two prediction models showed that the power model performed better in prediction of the permanent strain. In future, more studies need to be conducted to investigate the effect of other factors such as moisture, freeze/thaw cycle on the mechanical performance of the porous asphalt material.
EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL FACTORS ON THE DESIGN QUALITY OF TRUSSED STEEL TOWERS
Authors: Tran Nhat Dung
Published: September 2022

This paper researches on typical design problem of steel tower truss structure. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of the typical steel tower truss design, which has been widely used in Vietnam. Use specialized software to calculate and evaluate the safety and usability of a typical design. From there, proceed to adjust the design parameters in the direction of saving materials, easy processing and erection. Thereby, evaluate the effectiveness of the typical design adjustment plan. Give comment and recommendations for similar structures.
STUDY ON USING GRINDING PRODUCTS FROM WASTE RUBBER TO REPLACE A PART OF THE AGGREGATE IN CEMENT CONCRETE PRODUCTION
Authors: Tran Van Cuong
Published: September 2022

The article presents research results using crushed products from waste rubber to replace a small aggregate and large aggregate part in the manufacture of cement concrete. First, rubber mixtures are classified according to the particle size group corresponding to the size of aggregate to be replaced. Then, small aggregate and large aggregate, at the same time, are replaced by rubber particles with different proportions. The research results show that it is completely possible to fabricate cement concrete grade M20 - M30 when replacing 10-25% of the aggregate volume with a rubber mixture having the same particle size. This has great significance in the search for alternative raw materials to make concrete, in order to reduce the exploitation of natural resources, contribute to limiting environmental pollution, and towards the goal of sustainable development.
ANALYSIS ON THE STABILITY OF THE TEMPORARY SUPPORT FRAME OF THE TUNNEL EXCAVATED IN REINFORCED SAND MEDIUM
Authors: Dinh Viet Thanh
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the effect of sand reinforcement by pumping water into the sand around the support frame to evaluate the stability of the support frame system. The sand was collected in the Central region in Vietnam and experimented in the laboratory with different water content and void ratio. The most suitable water content for the reinforcement to achieve high efficiency is W = 15% from the experimental results. Conduct numerical tests to evaluate the working of the temporary support system before and after the sand is reinforced as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the reinforced sand layer thickness. The research results have practical implications for the construction of tunnels in the sand.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF PROJECTILE VELOCITY ON PENETRATION DEPTH IN CONCRETE WITH THE SIMPLIFIED CONCRETE DAMAGE PLASTICITY MODEL BY ABAQUS SOFTWARE
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Bang
Published: September 2022

This paper calculates the penetration depth of 85 mm projectile in concrete block B20 by Abaqus software, with the concrete in simplified concrete damage plasticity (SCDP) model. Comparing the results calculated by Abaqus software with the Berezan formula and the improved Petry formula to check the reliability of the computational model and material model. From there, studying the effect of projectile velocity on penetration depth in concrete B20.
Aplikasi Keuangan Fiskal Umar Bin Khattab Di Indonesia
Authors: Rusli Siri  , Abdullah M. Wahyuddin
Published: September 2022

Umar memimpin dengan hasil yang gemilang, baik dikarenakan panglima maupun kebijakan khalifah. Kebijakan fiskal Umar Bin Khattab sarat dengan prinsip kemaslahatan memberi manfaat terhadap rakyatnya. Kemiskinan semakin berkurang, serta kesejahteraan pegawai terjamin. Umar Bin Khattab adalah sosok pemimpin yang mampu menggabungkan antara pengetahuan teoritis dan pengalaman praktis mengenai kekayaan Negara dalam kebijakan fiskal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriftif dengan mengumpulkan data-data baik dari buku-buku seperti buku sejarah pemikiran ekonomi Islam, jejak langkah sejarah pemikiran ekonomi Umar Bin Al Khattab, dan kitab-kitab seperti ijtihad Umar bin Khattab. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Umar merupakan pemimpin yang menjadi panutan bukan hanya dalam pemerintahan, akan tetapi mengelola keuangan negara juga menjadi panutan. Sebab banyak pemimpin saat ini yang mengambil kebijakan fiskal tidak memihak kepada kemaslahatan umat, justru tidak banyak memperkaya dirinya dan koleganya. Berbeda dengan pemerintahan Umar. Hampir tidak ada permasalahan fiskal yang tidak dapat diselesaikan. Umar selalu mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengatasi setiap permasalahan yang muncul. Meskipun permasalahan itu sangat sulit, akan tetapi Umar selalu memiliki semangat yang tinggi dan strategi yang jitu untuk mengatasinya.
Dalam pandangan Umar, pemberian bagian zakat kepada golongan muallaf pada awalnya adalah dilakukan karena melihat yang ada pada saat itu, yaitu kondisi mental para muallaf yang masih rawan untuk dapat kembali berbuat tidak baik kepada kelompok Islam, yang saat itu juga masih dalam kondisi lemah. Oleh karenanya, kelompok ini perlu untuk diberikan. Akan tetapi menurut Umar, ketika kondisi umat Islam telah mampu mandiri dan dalam kondisi sangat kuat, maka pemberian tersebut adalah tidak perlu dilakukan, dan hal ini dilakukannya merupakan sebagai bagian dari siasat politik yang diterapkannya untuk memperkuat pemerintahan Islam saat itu. Kebijakan fiskal Umar semata-mata didasarkan pada maslahah. Kebijakan fiskal sejalan dengan Alquran dan Sunnah. Dalam memimpin,  Umar meminta pendapat para sahabat yang lain ketika dihadapkan masalah yang itu memerlukan pendapat sahabat. Pemikiran Umar selangkah lebih maju dalam hal perekonomian pada era itu. Kemajuan salah satunya bidang kebijakan fiskal seperti masalah penggajian. Kebijakan mengenai gaji kepala Negara dan tentara merupakan hal yang baru. Karena pada zaman Rasul dan Abu Bakar belum pernah melakukan penggajian kepada Kepala Negara dan Tentara. Ini merupakan tanda yang menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan fiskal Islam pada zaman Umar lebih maju.
MANAJEMEN RESIKO KEPEMIMPINAN STUDI KASUS PT ASURANSI JIWA MANULIFE INDONESIA
Authors: Simalango Dameria , Suwandaru Rachman
Published: September 2022

PT. Asuransi Jiwa Manulife  adalah salah satu perusahaan jasa yang bergerak dalam bidang asuransi , dimana PT Asuransi Jiwa Manulife ini sudah melebarkan sayapnya di Indonesia dengan bekerja sama dengan beberapa perusahaan khususnya perbankan di Indonesia . Sehingga karyawan – karyawannya terdiri dari orang yang berkompeten sehingga dapat bekerja sesuai dengan visi misi perusahaan sekaligus mempunyai peran sebagai ujung tombak pemasaran asuransi. Untuk itu di butuhkan pemimpin yang mampu untuk mengkoordinir para bawahannya agar mampu mencapai visi dan misi perusahaan . Dimana pemimpin memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab yang sangat besar dalam sebuah organisasi ataupun pekerjaannya . Pemimpin merupakan seorang yang positif dan penuh percaya diri yang memiliki visi, misi dan nilai etika yang tinggi, dengan kemampuan menyampaikan gagasan dan mampu dalam rangka mendorong dan berhubungan baik dengan orang lain. Tanpa adanya seorang pemimpin dalam organisasi , maka suatu organisasi tidak dapat tergorganisir dengan baik dan tidak akan efektif dalam pelaksanaannya . Oleh sebab itu , di butuhkan manajemen resiko yang baik , agar dalam pelaksanaannya dapat berjalan dengan baik dan mampu mengidentifikasi, mengukur, dan mengontrol berbagai risiko yang akan dihadapi
Perbedaan Literasi Keuangan Syariah Berdasarkan Gender (Studi Kasus Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam Iain Palopo Angkatan 2016-2017)
Authors: Suryati Suryati , Renaldi Renaldi , HR Desi
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan literasi keuangan syariah berdasarkan gender (Studi Kasus Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam IAIN Palopo Angkatan 2016-2017). Dengan menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney Wilcoxon dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 162 responden. Dengan teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah Purposive Sampling. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji mann whitney wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan  literasi keuangan syariah mahasiswa berdasarkan gender Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam IAIN Palopo Angkatan 2016-2017.  ini mengindikasikan bahwa gender yang berbeda tidak menentukan adanya perbedaan literasi keuangan syariah mahasiswa.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nasabah Memilih Tabungan Simpedes pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk. Unit Borong Raya
Authors: Pratiwi AR Dhita , Fabanyo Asriyani , Salam Karta Negara , Asmawiyah Asmawiyah , Herenal Daeng Toto
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengananlisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nasabah memilih tabungan Simpedes pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, unit Borong Raya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitin ini adalah kuantitatif. Sumber data yang dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu data primer. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh nasabah Simpedes pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero). Tbk, Unit Borong Raya. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara Purposive Sampling. Kuesioner yang dibagikan sebanyak 100. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunaan teknik analisis faktor dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistic 22. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan nasabah memilih tabungan simpedes pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero). Tbk, Unit Borong Raya yaitu faktor sosial, jaringan tersebar luas, citra bank, pencadangan keperluan mendadak dan program undian. Karena sebab itu, faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi nasabah memili tabungan simpedess pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero). Tbk, yaitu faktor sosial.
Analisis Aliran Kas Operasi, Book Tax Differences, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Tingkat Hutang Terhadap Persistensi Laba
Authors: Jasmar Jasmar , Yuliana Riska
Published: September 2022

This research was aim to analyzing the influence of operating cash flow, Book Tax Differences, company size, debt level on the earnings persistence at property company, real estate and building construction which in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2013-2017. The sample collection method using purposive sampling, with predetermined criteria and a total sample of 21 companies. This quantitative research uses panel data regression analysis with Eviews application tool version 10. Simultaneously, operating cash flow, book tax differences, company size, and debt level have an effect on earnings persistence with a probability value of 0.021120 <0.05.While the coefficient of determination (R2), the independent variable can explain the effect of earnings persistence of 50.07%, while the remaining 49.93% is explained OUT of the variables studied.
Internal Control System Analysis of Cash Flow
Authors: Riyanto Didik , Oktavia Puja , Jefriyanto Jefriyanto
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the extent to which the internal control system for cash receipts and disbursements is carried out by the Al-Hafidz DAPM UPK in carrying out its activities in order to achieve its goals. The method used in this research is qualitative research, with flowchart data analysis techniques, namely by pictorial analysis techniques used to explain the procedures that occur briefly and clearly, and descriptively, namely by first collecting data, classifying and interpreting data so that it can provide a clear picture of the problem under study. In collecting data using observation techniques, interviews, questionnaires and documentation, where the data taken is primary data in the form of evidence of records or historical reports that have been arranged in published and unpublished archives. The results of this study indicate that the internal control system for cash receipts and disbursements at UPK DAPM Al-Hafidz has been running well, but is not fully in accordance with the five components of internal control according to COSO theory. Four components are appropriate, namely the control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, and monitoring, while one component, namely control activities, is not appropriate.
Peran Dinas Kesehatan Dalam Koordinasi Dan Pembangunan Penyediaan Air Minum Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat
Authors: Rusnaini Sasmita , Zulkifli Zulkifli , Darmawanto Darmawanto , Poiran Poiran , Elsyra Nova , Hamirul Hamirul
Published: September 2022

The problem of clean water today is a concern in all regions including the Bungo Regency and this study aims to determine the role of the Health Office in the development of community-based water supply and sanitation. By using a descriptive method of qualitative approach and data collection techniques by interviewing informants as many as 17 people. With the results of the study of the Role of the Bungo District Health Office in the Regency of Bungo in evaluating the sources of community-based drinking water supply and the construction of Pamsimas. In accordance with the regulations and main tasks. There are still many community-based sources of drinking water whose quality is beyond the supervision of the Bungo District Health Office. In carrying out the implementation of supervising community-based drinking water supply the Bungo District Health Office is less than optimal, there are barriers such as inadequate human resources, with a less than optimal number of officers, facilities and infrastructure that have not supported good service. Obstacles faced by the Bungo District Health Office, there have been several attempts to overcome constraints, some of which have been carried out such as: Health Office, Applying to Bungo District Regent. In order to issue a circular letter to Rio and Lurah. Stopping Open Defecation is signed by Minister of Health, Governor and Regent, Public Works Agency, proposing additional personnel and proposing additional budget funds
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Financial Reporting Quality dimoderasi oleh Ukuran Perusahaan
Authors: Perdana noor fawzi Adhitya , Carolina Yenni
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Good Corporate Governance yang diproksikan melalui kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manejerial, komisaris independen, terhadap Kualitas Pelaporan Keuangan memiliki pengaruh. Selain itu  untuk menguji secara empiris apakah ukuran perusahaan dapat memoderasi hubungan GCG. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI sebanyak 44 perusahaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kausal dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan MRA (Moderated Analysis Regression) dengan alat bantu aplikasi SPSS. Bersumber pada hasil penelitian ini Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial, dan Dewan Komisaris Independen dengan dimoderasi Ukuran Perusahaan secara bersamaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Financial Reporting Quality pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2019-2020. Secara terpisah, variabel Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan. Sedangkan variabel dewan komisaris independent berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan.
Pengaruh Leverage Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dimoderasi Oleh Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Zanra Sri
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Leverage, and Profitability on Tax avoidance with Corporate social responsibility as a moderating variable (empirical study on manufacturing companies listed in LQ45 in 2018-2020). The data used in this study is secondary data from the annual reports of companies that listed on LQ45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis method and moderated regression analysis. The sample selection in this study was using the purposive sampling method in which a sample of 24 companies was obtained with a total of 96 observations for 4 years of observation (2017-2020). The results of this study indicate that the profitability variable has an effect on tax avoidance. Leverage, profitability and Corporate social responsibility variables can explain the tax avoidance variable by 53.1%. The results of this study also show that Corporate social responsibility is able to moderate the effect of leverage on Tax avoidance but is not able to moderate the profitability of Tax avoidance .
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Afif Nur , Nur Qowwim Agus
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan memperoleh informasi tentang perubahan metode pembelajaran guru serta peran aktif orang tua dimasa pendemi covid-19. Perubahan metode mengajar dari tatap muka of line menjadi jarak jauh of line telah menyadarkan insan pendidik juga orang tua bahwa telah terjadi perubahan sistem pembelajaran secara masif.  Perubahan ini jika tidak disikapi dengan bijak  makan akan mereduksi makna dan hasil pendidikan yang diselenggaran dalam kuru satu sentengah tahun ini.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naratif, model ini peneliti ambil agar dapat memotret dan mendeskripsikan fakta dan temuan yang dipadukan dengan berbagi literatur yang sesuai dengan judul penelitian. Dengan pendekatan ini diharapkan peneltitian ini dapat menggambarkan secara objektif tentang optimalisasi pembelajaran anak usia dini dimasa pandemi covid-19.
The Swiss Connection: Football, Migration, and Kosovar Diaspora Nation-Building
Authors: Brändle Fabian , Koller Christian
Published: September 2022

Departing from the “double-eagle affair” at the World Cup 2018, this article analyses several dimensions of the “Swiss connection” between football, migration and Kosovar diaspora nation-building in the early 21st century. After a massive influx of Kosovar refugees during the 1990s, the Kosovar community in Switzerland included around 200.000 people in the early 21st century. Some of them founded migrant football clubs, and a number of players with Kosovar roots even pursued international careers as professionals. Two of them, Granit Xhaka and Xherdan Shaqiri, caused quite a stir when celebrating their goals as Swiss national players against Serbia at the 2018 World Cup with the hand gesture of the Albanian double-eagle. Yet, the Kosovar “Swiss connection” in football has several other dimensions: The admission of Kosovo to FIFA and UEFA wasn’t only supported by the Swiss Football Association (and indirectly by the Swiss government’s favourable stance regarding Kosovar independence), but even more so by Swiss national players with Kosovar roots. The newly established national team of Kosovo profited from players brought up in Switzerland as well as a Swiss coach, whilst on the other hand several key players of the Swiss national team of the early 21st century were of Kosovar extraction. This, together with the good performance of immigrant teams such as FC Kosova Zurich helped to change the hitherto rather negative image of Kosovar migrants in Swiss society, whilst at the same time initiating processes of self-reflection about Switzerland’s quality as a multicultural immigrant society.
»Realisten« und Realisten. Eine Replik auf Roland Czada
Authors: Ladwig Bernd
Published: September 2022

Roland Czada nimmt an, der russische Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine habe eine invariante Wahrheit der Weltpolitik enthüllt: Hard power sei im Zweifelsfall immer wichtiger als soft power. Dies bestätige die zentrale Annahme der „realistischen Theorie“. Aber diese hat schwerwiegende Schwächen und kann auch die Entwicklung zum Krieg in der Ukraine nicht befriedigend erklären. Im Artikel wird für eine liberale Sichtweise plädiert, die uns heute dazu zwinge, realistisch, aber nicht „realistisch“ im Sinne der gleichnamigen Theorie zu denken.
Familie und Flucht aus geschlechtersensibler Perspektive: Ein Forschungsüberblick
Authors: Heilmann Katharina
Published: September 2022

Der Beitrag blickt auf den Forschungstand zu familialen Geschlechterrollen, -praktiken und -beziehungen heterosexueller und LGBTIQ*-Geflüchteter. In einer semi-systematischen Analyse wird Literatur ausgewertet, die zwischen 1980 bis 2021 auf Deutsch oder Englisch veröffentlicht wurde. Dabei werden drei zentrale Themenbereiche identifiziert: 1) Sorgebeziehungen von Müttern und Vätern, 2) Geschlechterrollen im Kontext familialer Gewalt oder Krisen und 3) subjektive Konzepte familialer Geschlechterrollen. Die Analyse zeigt, dass familiale Rollen und Praktiken Geflüchteter zumeist heteronormativ gedacht und in Verbindung mit der Kernfamilie untersucht werden. Insofern steht die Forschung zur Vielfalt familialer Geschlechterrollen und -beziehungen im Kontext Flucht noch am Anfang.
Cost-effective environmental sustainability :
Authors: Thomas Douglas S
Published: September 2022

Currently, global economies are using resources and contaminating resources faster than they can be regenerated. This resource depletion strains the economy and society today and into the future and is largely due to a series of misaligned incentives. Solving this problem begins by identifying these misalignments, identifying feasible solutions that realign incentives or addresses the results of the misalignment. This report examines the economics of a circular economy, focusing on standards and technologies that might facilitate increased environmental sustainability.
A technical note on anterolateral mobilization in vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia for relief of brainstem compression
Authors: Liu Jesse J , O’Neill Brannan E , Mazur-Hart David , Uluc Kutluay , Dogan Aclan , Cetas Justin S
Published: September 2022

Vascular compression of neural tissue causing neurological symptoms is a wellknown phenomenon. This is commonly seen in trigeminal neuralgia and, less commonly, in hemifacial spasm by small arteries, which can be treated by microvascular decompression. Rarely, larger arteries, such as the vertebral arteries, may compress the brainstem. This can lead to symptoms of pontine or medullary distress like hemiparesis, dysphagia, or respiratory distress. This is treated by macrovascular decompression. Due to the rare and heterogenous nature of this disease, there is no standardized approach. We describe a novel technique whereby the vertebrobasilar system is mobilized anterolaterally towards the occipital condyle with a sling to decompress the brainstem.
We report two cases of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia causing brainstem compression. A carotid patch graft sling with anterolateral mobilization to the occipital condyle is described as a surgical nuance to macrovascular decompressive surgery. Briefly, the vertebral artery was identified and dissected away from the brainstem and the bulbar cranial nerves. Bovine pericardium graft was used to create a sling around the artery by suturing the two ends together. The sling was then fixed either to the occipital condyle using cranial plating screws or suturing to the dura of the occipital condyle.
A novel surgical technique for management of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia causing brainstem compression with progressive neurological deterioration is reported. Anatomical location and the offending vessel should guide neurosurgeons to select the best surgical option to achieve complete decompression of the involved neural structures.
Positive stationary solutions of convection-diffusion equations for superlinear sources
Authors: Orpel Aleksandra
Published: September 2022

We investigate the existence and multiplicity of positive stationary solutions for acertain class of convection-diffusion equations in exterior domains. This problem leads to the following elliptic equation \[\Delta u(x)+f(x,u(x))+g(x)x\cdot \nabla u(x)=0,\] for \(x\in \Omega_{R}=\{ x \in \mathbb{R}^n, \|x\|\gt R \}\), \(n\gt 2\). The goal of this paper is to show that our problem possesses an uncountable number of nondecreasing sequences of minimal solutions with finite energy in a neighborhood of infinity. We also prove that each of these sequences generates another solution of the problem. The case when \(f(x,\cdot)\) may be negative at the origin, so-called semipositone problem, is also considered. Our results are based on a certain iteration schema in which we apply the sub and supersolution method developed by Noussair and Swanson. The approach allows us to consider superlinear problems with convection terms containing functional coefficient \(g\) without radial symmetry.
Poxviruses capture host genes by LINE-1 retrotransposition
Authors: Fixsen Sarah M , Cone Kelsey R , Goldstein Stephen A , Sasani Thomas A , Quinlan Aaron R , Rothenburg Stefan , Elde Nels C
Published: September 2022

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) provides a major source of genetic variation. Many viruses, including poxviruses, encode genes with crucial functions directly gained by gene transfer from hosts. The mechanism of transfer to poxvirus genomes is unknown. Using genome analysis and experimental screens of infected cells, we discovered a central role for Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 retrotransposition in HGT to virus genomes. The process recapitulates processed pseudogene generation, but with host messenger RNA directed into virus genomes. Intriguingly, hallmark features of retrotransposition appear to favor virus adaption through rapid duplication of captured host genes on arrival. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized conduit of genetic traffic with fundamental implications for the evolution of many virus classes and their hosts.
Epigenetic remodeling by vitamin C potentiates plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Chen Heng-Yi , Almonte-Loya Ana , Lay Fang-Yun , Hsu Michael , Johnson Eric , González-Avalos Edahí , Yin Jieyun , Bruno Richard S , Ma Qin , Ghoneim Hazem E , Wozniak Daniel J , Harrison Fiona E , Lio Chan-Wang Jerry
Published: September 2022

Ascorbate (vitamin C) is an essential micronutrient in humans. The severe chronic deficiency of ascorbate, termed scurvy, has long been associated with increased susceptibility to infections. How ascorbate affects the immune system at the cellular and molecular levels remained unclear. From a micronutrient analysis, we identified ascorbate as a potent enhancer for antibody response by facilitating the IL-21/STAT3-dependent plasma cell differentiation in mouse and human B cells. The effect of ascorbate is unique as other antioxidants failed to promote plasma cell differentiation. Ascorbate is especially critical during early B cell activation by poising the cells to plasma cell lineage without affecting the proximal IL-21/STAT3 signaling and the overall transcriptome. As a cofactor for epigenetic enzymes, ascorbate facilitates TET2/3-mediated DNA modification and demethylation of multiple elements at thePrdm1locus. DNA demethylation augments STAT3 association at thePrdm1promoter and a downstream enhancer, thus ensuring efficient gene expression and plasma cell differentiation. The results suggest that an adequate level of ascorbate is required for antibody response and highlight how micronutrients may regulate the activity of epigenetic enzymes to regulate gene expression. Our findings imply that epigenetic enzymes can function as sensors to gauge the availability of metabolites and influence cell fate decisions.
Integrative analysis of metabolite GWAS illuminates the molecular basis of pleiotropy and genetic correlation
Authors: Smith Courtney J , Sinnott-Armstrong Nasa , Cichońska Anna , Julkunen Heli , Fauman Eric B , Würtz Peter , Pritchard Jonathan K
Published: September 2022

Pleiotropy and genetic correlation are widespread features in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but they are often difficult to interpret at the molecular level. Here, we perform GWAS of 16 metabolites clustered at the intersection of amino acid catabolism, glycolysis, and ketone body metabolism in a subset of UK Biobank. We utilize the well-documented biochemistry jointly impacting these metabolites to analyze pleiotropic effects in the context of their pathways. Among the 213 lead GWAS hits, we find a strong enrichment for genes encoding pathway-relevant enzymes and transporters. We demonstrate that the effect directions of variants acting on biology between metabolite pairs often contrast with those of upstream or downstream variants as well as the polygenic background. Thus, we find that these outlier variants often reflect biology local to the traits. Finally, we explore the implications for interpreting disease GWAS, underscoring the potential of unifying biochemistry with dense metabolomics data to understand the molecular basis of pleiotropy in complex traits and diseases.
The three-headed lecturer
Authors: Kvellestad Randi Veiteberg , Vatn Gunhild
Published: September 2022

This article discusses education in clay and embroidery and reflects on exercises used for these activities in the Teacher Training Programme in Design, Art, and Crafts at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. In the study, the students participated in a practice-based qualitative research project, during which they collaborated in material-based activities. Collaboration and productivity were important for the students’ learning outcomes. They worked with personal and unique artistic expressions. By using co-activity methods, their learning outcomes became enriched. This article includes the students’ reflections on the education and their experiences with co-activity in the practical work. In general, personal qualities, such as participant patience, manual skills, creativity, and artistic abilities, were stimulated through practical teaching and guidance. Furthermore, the discussion between the students, and with the lecturer, became significant for the results of the assignment. Adapting practical teaching is a challenge in academia. Limited time for training and large student groups influence and limit the academic level of learning attained. As lecturers, we experience these challenges. To uncover the lecturers’ distinct roles in progression and interaction in an education context, we use the a/r/tography methodology; artist, researcher, teacher, not only to reflect on and examine the three separate roles but also to understand the connection between these roles and the benefits of combining them.
Approaching the concept of research in the 5-year teacher education programme in design, art, and crafts
Authors: Fauske Laila Belinda
Published: September 2022

In 1976, a master’s programme in art and design education was established at two pedagogical institutions in Norway. The programme can be seen as the first step in developing field-specific research education for professional teachers in the field. The programme was implemented without parallels at the universities and thus lacked an established research tradition on which to rely. The master’s programme has retrospectively been described as transdisciplinary in nature. This mode of knowledge production encourages disciplinary crossing and the study of reality from multiple angles. By 2023, at the latest, a 5-year teacher education programme for practical and aesthetic subjects, including design, art, and crafts, will be implemented in Norway. In this article, the concept of research, as it appears in the Norwegian national curriculum regulations for the upcoming programme, is analysed through a summative content analysis. The analysis addresses the questions of what characterises the concept of research in the national curriculum regulations and how the concept of research corresponds to the legacy of the original master’s programme established in 1976. Among the findings is that both profession-oriented research and artistic development work are acknowledged as research in the curriculum regulations, which agrees with both original ideas of the master’s in art and design education and transdisciplinary knowledge production. Teamwork as part of research appears to be an area for further development. This analysis suggests drawing on transdisciplinarity as well as experiences from ‘educational practice’ in teacher education in the further development of the concept of research.
Continued Mentorship Program for MBBS Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Virtual Mode: A Questionnaire-based Observational Study
Authors: Shashikala MD , Naik Kruttika , Narayana K , Deepa CK
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation propelled the regular student mentorship program onto a virtual mode. Various surveys and studies have uncovered the ramifications on mental health and academic upheaval caused by the changing academic regulations and protocols. Aim: To evaluate the perception of mentors and mentees regarding the utility of virtual mentorship and to deduce barriers in continuing virtual mode mentorship program for 1st-year medical students. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted at Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, from April-June 2020. A feedback form was administered to all participants after two months of the online mentorship program, via a semistructured questionnaire. The questionnaire had four open and eight close-ended responses for mentees. The contents were related to the frequency of meetings, mode of communication, perceived barriers, and futility of course, along with one open and five close-ended responses for mentors on barriers to effective conduct and perceived level of the mentoring relationship forged with students. A total of 12 mentors and 125 students responded. Results: It was observed that 96% of mentees felt that the program helped to fight alienation and stay connected, 89.6% felt inspired to study and 83% felt oriented to the online teaching programs. Both 91.7% of mentors and 82.4% of mentees asked for better applications, connectivity, and network support. In fact, the major barrier to effective communication was quoted as being poor network connectivity and applications support (47%). A comparable trend was noted among both mentees and mentors with respect to the program being rated good and above (91.7% mentors and 85.6% mentees). Hence, in the observational study, via thematic analysis and content analysis of qualitative data, two points were observed-1. The virtual mentorship program helped mentees to get emotionally and academically connected, cleared their doubts, and helped to reduce stress. 2. Poor technical and connectivity support were deduced as major barriers to the successful conduct of virtual mentorship. Conclusion: A well-structured virtual mentorship program guides the mentors to effectively chaperone mentees through a stressful uninterrupted academic course period, enhance academic performances and help alleviate the feeling of alienation.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 Vaccination among Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern India
Authors: Vanathy K , Priyadarshini Ramya , Bhosale Namrata K , Sreenivasan Srirangaraj , Easow Joshy M
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination plays an important role in controlling the current pandemic. This may have an impact on other healthcare workers in understanding the importance of COVID-19 vaccination. Aim: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 vaccination among medical students in a Tertiary care hospital, Southern India. Materials and Methods: This was an observational crosssectional questionnaire based study done in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India. The study period was from April 2021 to September 2021. The study evaluated KAP on COVID-19 vaccination amongst medical students. After the content validity of the questionnaire, a google form was created and circulated among the I, II, III, IV-year students and interns, which was assessed by a scoring system for KAP. The results of the qualitative variables were tabulated as frequency and percentages. The statistical analysis was done using JASP software and the correlation between KAP was calculated using Spearman’s Correlation. Results: A total of 400 participants were included in the study. Their mean±SD age was 20.3±1.3 years. The second- and third-year students actively participated in the study. Adequate knowledge was observed in 33% of the medical students, moderately adequate knowledge in 61% and minimum knowledge in 6%. Spearman’s correlation between KAP showed a significant p-value. Conclusion: The majority of the medical students opined that their main source of information was social media. This indicates that social media campaigns had helped them gain adequate knowledge about vaccination. This knowledge might help them encourage their relatives and friends to get vaccinated against COVID-19, which will in turn help in breaking the chain of this pandemic.
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia of Nasal Mucosa- A Case Report
Authors: Raghvi A , Gowthame K , Rajasekaran S , Raghavan VK
Published: September 2022

Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is a development disorder of blood vessels. It is characterised by multiple telangiectases and Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMS) that cause direct connections between arteries and veins bypassing intermediate capillaries. The most prominent sites for telangiectasia are the lips, tongue, face, mucosa of the nose, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract. Telangiectases can rupture and bleed easily due to their thin walls, narrow tortuous courses, and proximity to the skin's surface or a mucous membrane. Depending on the organ affected, these symptoms include repeated persistent epistaxis, skin lesions, haemoptysis, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and stroke. Complications of HHT include bleeding, anaemia, followed by stroke, pulmonary AVM, Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA), hypovolemic shock due to severe intractable bleed, eventually leading to high output failure. Present case is of a 45-year-old female who presented with complaints of recurrent epistaxis. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed multiple telengiectasic spots which were cauterised with trichloroacetic acid. However recurrent episodes of bleed were encountered.
Energy Vector and Time Vector in the Dirac Theory
Authors: Rakotonirina Christian
Published: September 2022

A sign operator of energy, analogous to the helicity operator, but in the direction of what we call energy vector has been introduced. It is possible that there may be physical phenomena where energy vector should be considered. However, to write a wave function this energy vector needs a time vector. But, unlike the energy vector the time vector has no physical meaning yet. To make physical senses of the components of the time vector, the time dilation in special relativity has been studied and also the components of the time vector have been related to the tunneling times when an electron crosses a potential barrier. Physical results for quantum tunneling time will not be limited to this study.
A Rapidly Enlarging Facial Abscess
Authors: Levian Brandon , Chen Alessandra , Adler Brandon L.
Published: September 2022

A woman in her late 70s with a history of immunoglobulin A monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance presents with a tender, draining lesion of the central face. What is your diagnosis?
A Dome-Shaped Eyelid Nodule in a Young White Man
Authors: Kontos Georgios , Micheletti Eleonora
Published: September 2022

A 27-year-old White man presented with a recent onset of malaise, chills, night sweats, sore throat with difficulty swallowing, and a skin rash affecting his trunk, limbs, and genitalia. His right eye was red with watery discharge and there was a dome-shaped nodule on his lower eyelid. What would you do next?
Role of Ophthalmology in Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer , Doan Thuy
Published: September 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the role that the field of ophthalmology will continue to play in the identification, control, and treatment of novel pathogens.
Association of Residual Ductal Carcinoma In Situ With Breast Cancer Recurrence in the Neoadjuvant I-SPY2 Trial
Authors: Osdoit Marie , Yau Christina , Symmans W. Fraser , Boughey Judy C. , Ewing Cheryl A. , Balassanian Ron , Chen Yunn-Yi , Krings Gregor , Wallace Anne M , Zare Somaye , Fadare Oluwole , Lancaster Rachael , Wei Shi , Godellas Constantine V. , Tang Ping , Tuttle Todd M , Klein Molly , Sahoo Sunati , Hieken Tina J. , Carter Jodi M. , Chen Beiyun , Ahrendt Gretchen , Tchou Julia , Feldman Michael , Tousimis Eleni , Zeck Jay , Jaskowiak Nora , Sattar Husain , Naik Arpana M. , Lee Marie Catherine , Rosa Marilin , Khazai Laila , Rendi Mara H. , Lang Julie E. , Lu Janice , Tawfik Ossama , Asare Smita M. , Esserman Laura J. , Mukhtar Rita A.
Published: September 2022

Importance

Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer strongly correlates with overall survival and has become the standard end point in neoadjuvant trials. However, there is controversy regarding whether the definition of pCR should exclude or permit the presence of residual ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Objective

To examine the association of residual DCIS in surgical specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer with survival end points to inform standards for the assessment of pathologic complete response.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The study team analyzed the association of residual DCIS after NAC with 3-year event-free survival (EFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and local-regional recurrence (LRR) in the I-SPY2 trial, an adaptive neoadjuvant platform trial for patients with breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. This is a retrospective analysis of clinical specimens and data from the ongoing I-SPY2 adaptive platform trial of novel therapeutics on a background of standard of care for early breast cancer. I-SPY2 participants are adult women diagnosed with stage II/III breast cancer at high risk of recurrence.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to receive taxane and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant therapy with or without 1 of 10 investigational agents, followed by definitive surgery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The presence of DCIS and EFS, DRFS, and LRR.

Results

The study team identified 933 I-SPY2 participants (aged 24 to 77 years) with complete pathology and follow-up data. Median follow-up time was 3.9 years; 337 participants (36%) had no residual invasive disease (residual cancer burden 0, or pCR). Of the 337 participants with pCR, 70 (21%) had residual DCIS, which varied significantly by tumor-receptor subtype; residual DCIS was present in 8.5% of triple negative tumors, 15.6% of hormone-receptor positive tumors, and 36.6% of ERBB2-positive tumors. Among those participants with pCR, there was no significant difference in EFS, DRFS, or LRR based on presence or absence of residual DCIS.

Conclusions and Relevance

The analysis supports the definition of pCR as the absence of invasive disease after NAC regardless of the presence or absence of DCIS.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01042379.
Neurocompositional computing: From the Central Paradox of Cognition to a new generation of AI systems
Authors: Smolensky Paul , McCoy Richard Thomas , Fernandez Roland , Goldrick Matthew , Gao Jianfeng
Published: September 2022

What explains the dramatic progress from 20th‐century to 21st‐century AI, and how can the remaining limitations of current AI be overcome? The widely accepted narrative attributes this progress to massive increases in the quantity of computational and data resources available to support statistical learning in deep artificial neural networks. We show that an additional crucial factor is the development of a new type of computation. Neurocompositional computing adopts two principles that must be simultaneously respected to enable human‐level cognition: the principles of Compositionality and Continuity. These have seemed irreconcilable until the recent mathematical discovery that compositionality can be realized not only through discrete methods of symbolic computing, but also through novel forms of continuous neural computing. The revolutionary recent progress in AI has resulted from the use of limited forms of neurocompositional computing. New, deeper forms of neurocompositional computing create AI systems that are more robust, accurate, and comprehensible.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant decentralized tracking control of switched stochastic uncertain nonlinear systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Cui Di , Zou Wencheng , Guo Jian , Xiang Zhengrong
Published: September 2022

In this article, an adaptive neural fault‐tolerant decentralized tracking control problem is investigated for switched stochastic large‐scale uncertain nonlinear systems, in which time‐varying delay and unknown control coefficient are under consideration. By incorporating the quadratic Lyapunov function and Lyapunov Krasovskii function into the backstepping approach, an adaptive neural fault‐tolerant decentralized control strategy is proposed, which ensures that signals in the closed‐loop system are stable in probability and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin under arbitrary switching. At last, to verify the presented strategy is feasible, a simulation example is given.