bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A large giant cell tumor of the larynx: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Arndt Andrew , LeBlanc Rachelle , Spafford Peter
Published: April 2017

Background

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are typically found in the metaphyseal-epiphyseal area of long bones but can also occur in the head and neck region. GCT of the larynx is a rare entity with only 42 reported cases in the international literature. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge this is the largest laryngeal GCT reported in the literature to date. GCT of the larynx can present with dysphonia, dyspnea, and/or dysphagia and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a neck mass.

Case presentation

This case report describes a giant cell tumor of the left thyroid cartilage in a 30-year-old man who initially presented with dysphonia and dysphagia. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 5 × 5.7 cm mass centered on the left thyroid cartilage, which was further diagnosed by histopathology as giant cell tumour by open biopsy. The patient was counselled on treatment options and it was decided to proceed with a surgical approach. The patient consented to and successfully underwent a total laryngectomy (TL). Currently the patient has no evidence of disease at 13 months follow-up, has an optimal prosthetic voice, and is able to tolerate all textures of foods.

Conclusion

GCTs of the larynx have a good prognosis and can be treated successfully through complete resection of the tumor, negating the need for adjunctive therapy such as radiation, chemo or denosumab therapy.
Predictors of hearing recovery in patients with severe sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Böcker Armin Julius , Koopmann Mario , Savvas Eleftherios , Borowski Matthias , Rudack Claudia
Published: April 2017

Background

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is a disease, which severely affects the patient's social and relational life. The underlying pathomechanisms have not been finally clarified yet and outcome is not predictable.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study in order to identify parameters that influence hearing recovery. The data base contains results of basic otoneurological tests and clinical parameters of 198 patients with idiopathic SSHL of at least 60 dB in at least four frequencies, diagnosed and treated at the University Hospital of Münster, Germany, between 1999 and 2015. Hearing recovery was measured by pure tone audiometry.

Results

Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses indicate that the chance as well as the magnitude of hearing recovery is higher for patients with normal caloric testing than for patients with pathological caloric testing. However, for the subgroup of patients who attained a hearing recovery, the caloric testing result was not found to influence the magnitude. Instead, the magnitude was noticeably lower for patients within this subgroup who had a previous hearing loss. Furthermore, we found indications that the magnitude is higher for men than for women and that receiving a high-dose steroid therapy is associated with a higher chance and magnitude of a hearing recovery.

Conclusions

We conclude that SSHL associated with disorders of the vestibular system or previous hearing loss represent special sub-entities of SSHL that may be caused by unique pathophysiological mechanisms and are associated with worse outcome. Furthermore, our data support the importance of elevated dosage of steroids in SSHL therapy.
The T4/T3 quotient as a risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer: A case control study
Authors: Sasson Mark , Kay-Rivest Emily , Shoukrun Rami , Florea Anca , Hier Michael , Forest Veronique-Isabelle , Tamilia Michael , Payne Richard J.
Published: April 2017

Background

The incidence of thyroid nodules is increasing among patients in North America. Few of these nodules harbour malignancy, thus further research is required to identify predictive markers of malignant thyroid disease. This study set out to understand the relationship between the levels of fT4 and fT3 and differentiated thyroid cancer.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted with 142 cases and 86 controls from the McGill University Teaching Hospitals. All patients underwent thyroid surgery. Cases were defined as patients with malignant nodules confirmed on final pathology and controls were defined as patients with benign nodules. The serological levels of TSH, fT4 and fT3 were measured preoperatively. Odds ratios were determined for each parameter and logistic regressions were calculated between markers and probability of malignancy. Additionally, fT4 values were divided by fT3 values (fT4/fT3 quotient) for each patient and an odds ratio was calculated.

Results

Amongst cases, the mean TSH was 2.25 ± 0.360U/mL, fT4 was 14.8 ± 0.689pmol/L, and fT3 was 4.65 ± 0.463pmol/L. Amongst controls, the mean TSH was 2.36 ± 1.68U/mL, fT4 was 14.3 ± 1.71pmol/L, and fT3 was 5.27 ± 0.957pmol/L. Patients in the control group were more likely to have low TSH, while patients in the case group would have high fT4 and patients in the control group were more likely to have a low fT4. The OR for patients with TSH >4.4U/mL was 2.13 (0.97, 4.65), and for patients with TSH <0.4U/mL was 0.46 (0.22, 0.95). The OR for patients with fT4 > 16pmol/L was 2.10 (1.09, 4.06), and for patients with fT4 < 10pmol/L was 0.45 (0.20, 0.98). The OR for patients with fT3 > 5.5pmol/L was 0.39 (0.14, 1.28). The OR for patients with fT3 < 3pmol/L was 1.83 (0.25, 13.69). The average fT4/fT3 was 3.39 ± 0.206 for cases and 2.93 ± 0.467 for controls. The fT4/fT3 quotient was considered high if it was >3.3 (OR =6.00 (2.94, 12.25)).

Conclusion

In this study, a direct relationship between high levels of fT4 and malignancy was uncovered. Furthermore, low levels of TSH and fT4 increased the likelihood that a nodule was benign. In this study a fT4/fT3 ratio >3.3 increased the risk of malignancy by 3.6 times ( p-value =0.0013).
A versatile solution for the gravity anomaly of 3D prism-meshed bodies with depth-dependent density contrast
Authors: Jiang Li , Zhang Jianzhong , Feng Zhibing
Published: April 2017

We have developed a generalized solution for computing the gravity anomalies of 3D irregular-mass bodies with complicated density-contrast variation. The 3D irregular-shaped bodies can be approximated flexibly by a collection of finite-juxtaposed right-rectangular prisms. The complicated density-contrast variation of each prism can be well-represented by a depth-dependent polynomial function. A novel analytic solution of gravity anomalies due to a right-rectangular prism with an arbitrary order of polynomial density-contrast function of depth is then derived. The solution is singularity free in the upper half-space over the prism, and its singularity in the lower half-space containing the prism is resolved by assigning their limit values to the singular terms. The numerical stability of the solution is also evaluated through numerical tests. Hence, the solution can be used to compute the gravity anomalies of 3D irregular bodies with variable density contrasts without singularities when computation points are within the numerical stability range. Based on synthetic models with variable density contrast, our solution is validated by using other solutions in the literature. We also simulated the gravity anomalies of the Los Angeles basin and compared them with the observed anomalies and with those computed using the analytic solutions of other workers. These tests confirm the accuracy and efficiency of our analytic solution.
Créolité, Creolization, and Contemporary Caribbean Culture
Authors: Murdoch H. Adlai
Published: April 2017

Taking the publication of Éloge de la créolité as a starting point, a number of key questions can be posed: What was the discursive and thematic goal of the Éloge? How does it distinguish itself from creolization? And how do we assess its political stance and its sociocultural accomplishments? One key predecessor, Kamau Brathwaite, suggested that the binarisms undergirding the principle of cultural distinctness on which much of the historical definition of the region was drawn be abandoned in favor of an increasing recognition of its intrinsic cultural heterogeneity. For many, the programmatic nature of the tenets of créolité—highlighting specificities of periodization and linguistic and cultural practice—appeared to mark the opposite of an open approach to ethnocultural representation. But perhaps créolité's ultimate value lay in its instantiation of an enunciative framework for cultural identity, also visible in Caribbean carnivals and in regional musical rhythms such as zouk.
Beyond Francophonie: Contextualizing Éloge de la créolité
Authors: Price Sally
Published: April 2017

This essay sets Éloge de la créolité (and the créolité movement) in the comparative context of earlier identitarian movements in the Caribbean and Afro-America, such as the Caribbean Artists Movement (anglophone Caribbean), Wie Eegie Sanie (Suriname), and the Grupo Antillano (Cuba). It stresses the extent to which each of these other movements relied on active dialogue among differently positioned individuals, from artists and poets to dancers, musicians, journalists, publishers, and politicians—people with a variety of backgrounds and perspectives and priorities who engaged in debate over a period of years in order to arrive at answers to questions of mutual concern. And it argues that the authors of the Éloge, unlike their cultural forefathers in Martinique, Aimé Césaire and Édouard Glissant, missed an opportunity to include creative people outside of their own francophone literary universe when composing their manifesto.
Créolisation, Creolization, and Créolité
Authors: Price Richard
Published: April 2017

Conceived as a contribution to a 2014 symposium reconsidering Éloge de la créolité—written by three Martiniquan intellectuals—twenty-five years after its publication, this essay draws a distinction between the French use of créolisation as a mainly philosophical and poetic concept and the more historically grounded use of creolization in the anglophone world. After outlining the various criticisms of the Éloge expressed in the author's 1995 essay “Shadowboxing in the Mangrove” (coauthored by Sally Price), it sketches in a history of the use of the creolization metaphor in the anglophone academy, drawing examples mainly from historical and anthropological work on Afro-America. It ends by considering the limitations of the perspectives put forth in the Éloge and the potential usefulness of the creolization concept for the future.
Queer Livity in the Caribbean: Rosamond S. King's Island Bodies
Authors: Smith Faith
Published: April 2017

This essay responds to Rosamond S. King's Island Bodies: Transgressive Sexualities in the Caribbean Imagination (2014) by noting the convergence of progressive legislation and violence that renders notions of transgression and freedom contradictory and fraught in our contemporary moment, thus helping to frame the book's relevance. Island Bodies draws attention to the sexed subject's embeddedness in notions of authenticity (within the Caribbean as well as in relation to first-world narratives of emancipation) and to the dominance of biological men in discussions of Caribbean sexualities, among other issues. King's insistence on analyzing fiction alongside nonfictional contexts, such as court cases and queer organizing, provides a rich texture for the consideration of transgressive sexualities, while also raising questions about archives, presence, and the production of knowledge.
Oozing between Dimensions: Multiple Perspectives on the Real in the Works of Nicole Awai
Authors: Stephens Michelle
Published: April 2017

This essay provides a cultural analysis of the work of Trinidadian-born artist Nicole Awai and is derived from a collaborative process between author and artist, including a studio visit in 2014. This discussion presents the author's reflections on the deeper philosophical implications of Awai's work, as an artist striving to represent her Caribbean and diaspora experience in an art practice that moves between mediums. This movement is interpreted as a way of figuring the slippery relationship between multiple perceptual dimensions and real worlds.
Bodies of Color: Images of Women in the Works of Firelei Báez and Rachelle Mozman
Authors: Aranda-Alvarado Rocío
Published: April 2017

This essay explores the photographic and film work of New York–born artist Rachelle Mozman (of Panamanian heritage) and the paintings and drawings of Dominican-born artist Firelei Báez. Both artists make use of the form, the image, the representation, and the reading of the female body. Through their imagery, the body serves as a sign for presence and invisibility, for fearlessness and fragility. The permanence of the body's surface becomes a kind of visible text that both artists develop through their narratives. By examining specific series of works by each artists, one sees similarities in their ways of working and defining the female body and in their ways of using historical and contemporary references in the narratives in which they place these gendered bodies.
Art as a Poetics of Recognition: Self and White Alterity in Olivia McGilchrist's Contemporary Art
Authors: Pearce Marsha
Published: April 2017

Using the lens of relationality as posited in Stuart Hall's idea of identity and Terry Smith's notion of the contemporary, this essay analyzes the work of Jamaican contemporary artist Olivia McGilchrist, who, upon her return to the Caribbean after decades of living and studying in Europe, is interpellated into the position of white other, or “whitey,” as she is called on the streets. It argues that McGilchrist's art constitutes a poetics or a “how” of stepping into and negotiating white identity as a place of recognition. The essay explores McGilchrist's visual engagement with relationships between self and other and between past and present. It also examines the implications of McGilchrist's dialogic configuration of her still and moving images.
The Archive and the Repertoire in Roshini Kempadoo's Ghosting
Authors: Campa Marta Fernández
Published: April 2017

This essay highlights the role of archives, archival research, and integration of archival records in contemporary Caribbean visual artwork that evokes and reimagines unevenly recorded historical processes/moments. It also suggests the defining role of this approach to contemporary visual artwork is the perspective of Caribbean women artists. Through a discussion of Roshini Kempadoo's interactive installation Ghosting, the essay considers alternative forms of archiving lived memory through Diana Taylor's notion of the repertoire. It also considers modernist and postmodernist techniques of recontextualization, such as montage, in Caribbean contemporary art (and specifically in Kempadoo's Ghosting), from a postcolonial and creolized context.
Writing the Feminine: The Representation of Women in Contemporary Dominican Visual Art
Authors: Valdez Elena
Published: April 2017

This essay examines two prominent Dominican visual artists—Belkis Ramírez and Raquel Paiewonsky—whose work encompasses new media such as video arts, installations, and performances. By defying traditional models of pictorial and sculptural art, these artists have revolutionized the Dominican art scene both thematically and technically. While Ramírez creates installations that include wood carving, xylography, and paint, Paiewonsky often combines textile design and sewing with other artistic media technologies, excelling at photography. Despite the diverse old and new materials and media used in their art, the artists have systematically challenged expectations of the role of women in the arts and in society as a whole. Their artwork explores the devastating impact on women of restricted gender roles and new forms of slavery imposed by patriarchal society, such as forced motherhood, the abortion ban, migration, and feminicides.
Kidney morphology and candidate gene expression shows plasticity in sticklebacks adapted to divergent osmotic environments
Authors: Hasan M. Mehedi , DeFaveri Jacquelin , Kuure Satu , Dash Surjya N. , Lehtonen Sanna , Merilä Juha , McCairns R. J. Scott
Published: April 2017

Novel physiological challenges in different environments can promote the evolution of divergent phenotypes, either through plastic or genetic changes. Environmental salinity serves as a key barrier to the distribution of nearly all aquatic organisms, and species diversification is likely to be enabled by adaptation to alternative osmotic environments. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a euryhaline species with populations found both in marine and freshwater environments. It has evolved both highly plastic and locally adapted phenotypes due to salinity-derived selection, but the physiological and genetic basis of adaptation to salinity is not fully understood. We integrated comparative cellular morphology of the kidney, a key organ for osmoregulation, and candidate gene expression to explore the underpinnings of evolved variation in osmotic plasticity within two populations of sticklebacks from distinct salinity zones in the Baltic Sea: the high salinity Kattegat, representative of the ancestral marine habitat, and the low salinity Bay of Bothnia. A common-garden experiment revealed that kidney morphology in the ancestral high salinity population had a highly plastic response to salinity conditions, whereas this plastic response was reduced in the low salinity population. Candidate gene expression in kidney tissue revealed a similar pattern of population-specific differences, with a higher degree of plasticity in the native high salinity population. Together these results suggest that renal cellular morphology has become canalized to low salinity, and that these structural differences may have functional implications for osmoregulation.
Ecology of ontogenetic body-mass scaling of gill surface area in a freshwater crustacean
Authors: Glazier Douglas S. , Paul David A.
Published: April 2017

Several studies have documented ecological effects on intra- and interspecific body-size scaling of metabolic rate. However, little is known about how various ecological factors may affect the scaling of respiratory structures supporting oxygen uptake for metabolism. Our study is apparently the first to provide evidence for ecological effects on the scaling of a respiratory structure among conspecific populations of any animal. We compared the body-mass scaling of gill surface area (SA) among eight spring-dwelling populations of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus minus. Although gill SA scaling was not related to water temperature, conductivity or G. minus population density, it was significantly related to predation regime (and secondarily to pH). Body-mass scaling slopes for gill SA were significantly lower in four populations inhabiting springs with fish predators than for those in four springs without fish (based on comparing means of the population slopes, or slopes calculated from pooled raw data for each comparison group). As a result, gill SA was proportionately smaller in adult amphipods from fish vs. fishless springs. This scaling difference paralleled similar differences in the scaling exponents for the rates of growth and resting metabolic rate. We hypothesized that gill SA scaling is shallower in fish vs. fishless spring populations of G. minus because of effects of size-selective predation on size-specific growth and activity that in turn affect the scaling of oxygen demand and concomitantly the gill capacity (SA) for oxygen uptake. Although influential theory claims that metabolic scaling is constrained by internal body design, our study builds on previous work to show that the scaling of both metabolism and the respiratory structures supporting it may be ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable.
Caudal Regression Syndrome: A Case Series of a Rare Congenital Anomaly
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Gupta Nishant , Hooda Kusum , Sharma Pranav , Sharma Salil , Kochar Puneet , Hayashi Daichi
Published: April 2017

Background: Caudal regression syndrome is a rare, neural tube defect characterized by an abnormal development of the caudal aspect of the vertebral column and the spinal cord., It results in neurological deficits ranging from bladder and bowel involvement to severe sensory and motor deficits in the lower limbs. Maternal diabetes, genetic factors and some teratogens have been shown to be associated with its pathogenesis. Caudal regression syndrome is usually diagnosed initially by antenatal ultrasound with more definitive diagnosis made by antenatal or postnatal MRI. In this case series, we report four cases of caudal regression syndrome in different age groups including prenatal, infant and adult.

Case Report: We are presenting multimodal imaging findings of 4 cases of caudal regression syndrome in 4 different age groups including fetus, infant, early childhood and adult. The pathogenesis, associated risk factors, complications, treatment options and prognosis of caudal regression syndrome are discussed as well.

Conclusions: Caudal regression syndrome is a rare entity, characterized by sacrococcygeal dysgenesis with an abrupt termination of a blunt-ending spinal cord. Ultrasound and fetal MRI can be used to make a prenatal diagnosis, while MRI is the imaging modality of choice in adults. Early detection and prompt treatment is very important to decrease the risk of complications, and thus, to improve the prognosis.
Type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells in health and disease
Authors: Kano Masanobu , Watanabe Takaki
Published: April 2017

The cerebellum is a brain structure involved in coordination, control, and learning of movements, as well as certain aspects of cognitive function. Purkinje cells are the sole output neurons from the cerebellar cortex and therefore play crucial roles in the overall function of the cerebellum. The type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) is a key “hub” molecule that is critically involved in the regulation of synaptic wiring, excitability, synaptic response, and synaptic plasticity of Purkinje cells. In this review, we aim to highlight how mGluR1 controls these events in Purkinje cells. We also describe emerging evidence that altered mGluR1 signaling in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar dysfunctions in several clinically relevant mouse models of human ataxias.
Investor–Stock Decoupling in Mutual Funds
Authors: Ferreira Miguel A. , Massa Massimo , Matos Pedro
Published: April 2017

We investigate whether mutual funds whose investors and stocks are decoupled (i.e., investor location does not coincide with that of the stock holdings) benefit from a natural hedge as they have fewer outflows during market downturns and fewer inflows during upturns. Using a sample of equity mutual funds from 26 countries, we find that funds with higher investor–stock decoupling exhibit higher performance, and this is more pronounced during the 2007–2008 financial crisis. We also find that decoupling allows fund managers to take less risk, be more active, and tilt their portfolios toward smaller and less liquid stocks.

The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2681 .

This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Millennial-Style Learning: Search Intensity, Decision Making, and Information Sharing
Authors: Carlin Bruce I. , Jiang Li , Spiller Stephen A.
Published: April 2017

The growing use of online educational content and related video services has changed the way people access education, share knowledge, and possibly make life decisions. In this paper, we characterize how video content affects individual decision making and willingness to share in the context of a personal financial decision. We find that distracting advertising curtails the time people invest in searching for the best alternative and causes worse decisions. Content geared toward giving better instructions helps to overcome this effect. Such actionable content improves both search quality and financial decisions. However, including such content may decrease sharing unless it is perceived to be sufficiently useful. As such, there is a potential risk to adding actionable content to videos. Our work has important implications for policies guiding financial literacy training, and it also has broader impact for education in the information age.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2689 .

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Crowdsourcing Exploration
Authors: Papanastasiou Yiangos , Bimpikis Kostas , Savva Nicos
Published: April 2017

Motivated by the proliferation of online platforms that collect and disseminate consumers’ experiences with alternative substitutable products/services, we investigate the problem of optimal information provision when the goal is to maximize aggregate consumer surplus. We develop a decentralized multiarmed bandit framework where a forward-looking principal (the platform designer) commits up front to a policy that dynamically discloses information regarding the history of outcomes to a series of short-lived rational agents (the consumers). We demonstrate that consumer surplus is nonmonotone in the accuracy of the designer’s information-provision policy. Because consumers are constantly in “exploitation” mode, policies that disclose accurate information on past outcomes suffer from inadequate “exploration.” We illustrate how the designer can (partially) alleviate this inefficiency by employing a policy that strategically obfuscates the information in the platform’s possession; interestingly, such a policy is beneficial despite the fact that consumers are aware of both the designer’s objective and the precise way by which information is being disclosed to them. More generally, we show that the optimal information-provision policy can be obtained as the solution of a large-scale linear program. Noting that such a solution is typically intractable, we use our structural findings to design an intuitive heuristic that underscores the value of information obfuscation in decentralized learning. We further highlight that obfuscation remains beneficial even if the designer can directly incentivize consumers to explore through monetary payments.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Regional trends in cosmetic injectable treatments: do they exist?
Authors: Dennison Tracey
Published: April 2017

Do aesthetic practices differ across the UK? Are there any regions which should be considered trendsetters that would help practitioners to predict the future needs of their patients? The answers to these questions are far more complex then may be perceived at first glance; however, the survey findings discussed in this paper provide practitioners with a starting point. Over a period of 1 month, aesthetic practices from across the UK were invited to complete a basic survey aimed at understanding the demand for botulinum toxin and dermal filler treatments. For dermal fillers, this was further broken down into the types of treatments performed. Data analysis identified some changes in popular procedures over the past 12 months, potentially moving away from botulinum toxin treatments and filling of the nasolabial folds. However, further studies with tighter controls are necessary to ascertain any concrete findings of this nature.
Cannula vs needle for injecting dermal fillers: making a blunt point
Authors: Malhotra Raman
Published: April 2017

The popularity of dermal fillers continues to grow and so do the many injection techniques for their delivery. Choosing the best technique for each indication often comes with experience. Clinicians should keep up to date with evidence-based insights into the use of needles or cannulae, says Raman Malhotra, who explores the pros and cons of these two main methods of injecting
Being Ex-PLISSIT: addressing visible differences and intimacy with patients
Authors: Sharratt Nick
Published: April 2017

Having previously discussed the possibility that appearance-altering conditions may impact on the intimate and sexual lives of some patients, Nick Sharratt, PhD researcher at the Centre for Appearance Research, looks more closely at the Ex-PLISSIT model of interaction which may be deployed in discussing this potentially sensitive topic. He also explores the impact of visible differences on intimacy
Delving into the digital age of patient consultation and consenting
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: April 2017

With the digital world continuing to expand, there is an increasing need for businesses within every sector to have sleeker, more innovative ways of operating. Naomi Di-Scala discusses the options for consultations via digital applications, outlines the pros and cons of these types of interactions with patients, and details the implications of working this way for aesthetic practitioners' insurance
Prescribing, postgraduate education and new membership options
Authors: Baker Anna
Published: April 2017

It has been a productive month for the UK's national association for aesthetic nurses. Not only have strides have been made towards tightening up the nursing regulator's guidance on prescribing and oversight for non-surgical procedures, but also there have been successful Super Group meetings held throughout the UK. Anna Baker provides key updates on the association's recent activities
The power of networking in aesthetics: how to build your professional profile
Authors: Underdown Pam
Published: April 2017

In a busy sector like medical aesthetics, where time is of the essence, it can be difficult to take hours out of the clinic to go and meet practitioners and potential patients. However, networking can be a valuable task for your personal and professional development, says Pam Underdown, who believes being around ambitious and inspiring people can transform both your business and career
Evidence and Evidence-Based Practices: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Schalock Robert L. , Gomez Laura E. , Verdugo Miguel A. , Claes Claudia
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this article is to move the field of intellectual and closely related developmental disabilities (IDD) towards a better understanding of evidence and evidence-based practices. To that end, we discuss (a) different perspectives on and levels of evidence, (b) commonly used evidence-gathering strategies, (c) standards to evaluate evidence, (d) the distinction between internal and external validity, and (e) guidelines for establishing evidence-based practices. We also describe how the conceptualization and use of evidence and evidence-based practices are changing to accommodate recent trends in the field.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Family Quality of Life Scale for Taiwanese Families of Children With Intellectual Disability/Developmental Delay
Authors: Chiu Chun-Yu , Seo Hyojeong , Turnbull Ann P. , Summers Jean Ann
Published: April 2017

The Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale is an internationally validated instrument for measuring family outcomes. To revise the scale for better alignment with the Family Quality of Life theory, the authors excluded non-outcome items in this revision. In this study, we examined reliability and validity of the revised scale (i.e., the FQoL Scale-21) and its scores for Taiwanese families of children and youth with intellectual disability and developmental delay (age 0–18). Results from 400 Taiwanese respondents suggested that the FQoL Scale-21 has the potential to be used as an indicator of positive outcomes in intervention evaluation, policy making, and service delivery.
Об одной вычислительной реализации блочного метода Гаусса-Зейделя для нормальных систем уравнений
Authors: Жданов Александр Иванович , Zhdanov Aleksandr Ivanovich , Богданова Екатерина Юрьевна , Bogdanova Ekaterina Yuryevna
Published: April 2017

Статья посвящена модификации блочного варианта метода Гаусса-Зейделя для нормальных систем уравнений, который является одним из достаточно эффективных методов решения, в общем случае переопределенных, систем линейных алгебраических уравнений большой размерности. Основным недостатком методов, основанных на нормальных системах уравнений, является тот факт, что число обусловленности нормальной системы равно квадрату числа обусловленности исходной задачи. Этот факт отрицательно влияет на скорость сходимости итерационных методов, основанных на нормальных системах уравнений. Для повышения скорости сходимости итерационных методов, основанных на нормальных системах уравнений, при решении плохо обусловленных задач в настоящее время используются различные варианты предобуславливателей, позволяющие снизить число обусловленности исходной системы уравнений. Однако универсального предобуславливателя для всех задач не существует. Одним из эффективных подходов, позволяющих повысить скорость сходимости итерационного метода Гаусса-Зейделя для нормальных систем уравнений, является использование его блочного варианта. Недостатком блочного метода Гаусса-Зейделя для нормальных систем является тот факт, что на каждой итерации необходимо вычислять псевдообратную матрицу. Известно, что нахождение псевдообратной матрицы является достаточно сложной вычислительной процедурой. В настоящей работе предлагается процедуру псевдообращения матрицы заменить на задачу решения нормальных систем уравнений методом Холецкого. Нормальные уравнения, возникающие на каждой итерации метода Гаусса-Зейделя, имеют сравнительно невысокую размерность по сравнению с исходной системой. Приводятся результаты вычислительных экспериментов, демонстрирующие эффективность предлагаемого подхода.
Обыкновенное интегро-дифференциальное уравнение с вырожденным ядром и интегральным условием
Authors: Юлдашев Турсун Камалдинович , Yuldashev Tursun Kamaldinivich
Published: April 2017

Рассмотрены вопросы об однозначной разрешимости нелокальной краевой задачи для одного нелинейного обыкновенного интегро-дифференциального уравнения с вырожденным ядром и отражением аргумента. Развит метод вырожденного ядра для случая рассматриваемого интегро-дифференциального уравнения первого порядка. С помощью обозначения интегро-дифференциальное уравнение сведено к системе алгебраических уравнений со сложной правой частью. После некоторого преобразования получено нелинейное функционально-интегральное уравнение, однозначная разрешимость которого доказана методом последовательных приближений в сочетании его с методом сжимающих отображений. Данная работа является дальнейшим развитием теории обыкновенных нелинейных интегро-дифференциальных уравнений с вырожденным ядром.
Влияние анизотропии поверхностного пластического упрочнения на формирование остаточных напряжений
в цилиндрических деталях с надрезами полукруглого профиля
Authors: Радченко Владимир Павлович , Radchenko Vladimir Pavlovich , Куров Алексей Юрьевич , Kurov Alexey Yurievich
Published: April 2017

Исследуется влияние анизотропии поверхностного пластического упрочнения на формирование остаточных напряжений в сплошных цилиндрических образцах и образцах с полукруглым надрезом. В качестве исходной информации используется одна и/или две экспериментально определенные компоненты остаточных напряжений в упрочненном слое гладкого образца. Изложена расчетная методика остальных диагональных компонент тензоров остаточных напряжений и пластических деформаций, недиагональные компоненты не рассматриваются. Предложен численный метод расчета остаточных напряжений в концентраторе напряжений цилиндрического образца после опережающего поверхностного пластического деформирования. Задача сведена к краевой задаче фиктивной термоупругости, где начальные (пластические) деформации моделируются температурными деформациями. Решение построено с использованием метода конечных элементов. Детально исследовано влияние радиуса надреза и параметра анизотропии упрочнения на характер и величину распределения остаточных напряжений по глубине слоя в наименьшем сечении цилиндрических образцов из сплава ЭИ961 и стали 45. Установлено, что при малых радиусах надреза, меньших толщины упрочненного слоя, величина осевой компоненты остаточных напряжений (по модулю) в концентраторе больше, чем в гладком образце. Выполнена экспериментальная проверка разработанного метода для гладких образцов и установлено соответствие расчетных и экспериментальных данных о распределении осевых и окружных остаточных напряжений по глубине упрочненного слоя. Для образцов с концентраторами построенные численные решения сравниваются с известными решениями других авторов.
Математическое моделирование напряженно-деформированного состояния размеростабильных
композитных элементов конструкций оптических телескопов с помощью метода конечных элементов
Authors: Биткин Владимир Евгеньевич , Bitkin Vladimir E. , Жидкова Ольга Геннадьевна , Zhidkova Olga G. , Денисов Александр Владимирович , Denisov Alexander V. , Бородавин Андрей Викторович , Borodavin Andrey V. , Митюшкина Диана Викторовна , Mityushkina Diana V. , Родионов Александр Вениаминович , Rodionov Alexander V. , Нонин Александр Сергеевич , Nonin Alexander S.
Published: April 2017

Рассмотрены вопросы проектирования размеростабильных композитных элементов конструкций оптических телескопов. Описана этапность проведения проектировочных расчетов. Приведены основные соотношения микромеханики теории композитных материалов. На примере разработанной композитной конструкции корпуса оптико-электронного комплекса с односторонним подкреплением ребрами описаны особенности математического моделирования с учетом принятых допущений. Представлены результаты экспериментального определения характеристик углепластиков, используемые при проектировании размеростабильной несущей конструкции корпуса оптического телескопа, отражены преимущества метода конечных элементов как одного из основных методов решения краевых задач прикладной механики. Показана корректность использования аналитических методов на начальных этапах разработки с целью сокращения сроков проектирования. Определена ведущая роль конечно-элементного моделирования в прогнозировании поведения конструкций на различных этапах эксплуатации. Показаны размеростабильные несущие композитные корпуса, разработанные с учетом описанной последовательности проектирования конструкций. Описанная этапность создания конструкции позволила обрабатывать и систематизировать данные в процессе их разработки и экспериментальной отработки, уточнять параметры модели конструкции при параметрическом анализе.
Об одной задаче для уравнения смешанного типа с частной дробной производной Римана-Лиувилля
Authors: Репин Олег Александрович , Repin Oleg Aleksandrovich , Тарасенко Анна Валерьевна , Tarasenko Anna Valerievna
Published: April 2017

Для уравнения смешанного типа, содержащего уравнение диффузии дробного порядка, доказаны единственность и существование решения нелокальной задачи, краевое условие которой представляет собой линейную комбинацию обобщенных операторов дробного порядка с гипергеометрической функцией Гаусса.
Приведено явное решение исследуемой задачи.
Использование накопленной энергии деформирования при численном моделировании разрушения конструкций из стали
Authors: Костина Анастасия Андреевна , Kostina Anastasiya Andreevna , Плехов Олег Анатольевич , Plekhov O A , Venkatraman Balasubramaniam , Venkatraman Balasubramaniam
Published: April 2017

В данной работе предложена модель баланса энергии в неупруго деформируемом металле. Ее отличительной чертой является учет структурных изменений в материале при помощи введения тензорного параметра плотности дефектов, совпадающего по смыслу с деформацией, обусловленной дефектами. Введение такого параметра позволило авторам работы предложить способ расчета величины накопленной энергии и сформулировать на ее основе критерий разрушения. Рассмотрены два способа вывода определяющих соотношений, позволяющих рассчитывать эволюцию пластической и структурной деформации. Первый способ основан на применении принципов линейной неравновесной термодинамики, второй способ представляет собой аналог теории пластического течения. Предложенная модель позволяет не только описывать напряженно-деформированное состояние, но и открывает возможности для использования энергетических критериев разрушения. На основе анализа экспериментальных исследований процесса накопления скрытой энергии деформирования в металлах предполагается, что разрушение в материале происходит при достижении накопленной энергией некоторого критического значения. Применение этого подхода к описанию разрушения проиллюстрировано на двух примерах. Первый пример посвящен моделированию распространения трещины при циклическом кручении трех цилиндрических образцов с трещинами, ориентированными к оси цилиндра под разными углами, второй пример описывает процессы зарождения и распространение трещины в опоре подшипника. При решении этих задач использовался расширенный метод конечных элементов. Полученные результаты согласуются с ранее опубликованными результатами.
О разрешимости сценариев бозонов Хиггса в неминимальной суперсимметрии
в пределе соответствия
Authors: Долгополов Михаил Вячеславович , Dolgopolov Mikhail Vyacheslavovich , Гурская Альбина Валентиновна , Gurskaya Al'bina Valentinovna
Published: April 2017

Рассматривается неминимальное расширение стандартной модели НМССМ при учете явного и спонтанного нарушений зарядово-пространственной CP-инвариантности, а также при дополнительном смешивании CP-четных и CP-нечетных состояний бозонов Хиггса. Рассчитаны массы и ширины распадов нейтральных бозонов Хиггса при фиксированных параметрах модели таким образом, что одно из физических состояний данных частиц отвечает результатам экспериментов на большом адронном коллайдере. Расчет ширин распада производится в однопетлевом приближении в рамках теории возмущений. Определены два сценария для наблюдаемой на опыте частицы. Первому сценарию соответствует набор параметров, приводящий к легчайшему бозону Хиггса массой 125 ГэВ. Второй сценарий с ограничением на массу бозона Хиггса реализуется при электрослабом бариогенезисе, что приводит к согласованию экспериментальных данных со вторым по массе физическим состоянием.
Применение линейных дробных аналогов реологических моделей в задаче аппроксимации экспериментальных данных
по растяжению поливинилхлоридного пластиката
Authors: Унгарова Луиза Гадильевна , Ungarova Luiza Gadil'evna
Published: April 2017

Рассматриваются и анализируются одноосные феноменологические модели вязкоупругого деформирования на основе дробных аналогов реологических моделей Скотт Блэра, Фойхта, Максвелла, Кельвина и Зенера. Получены аналитические решения соответствующих дифференциальных уравнений с дробными операторами Римана-Лиувилля при действии постоянных напряжений с последующей разгрузкой, которые записываются через обобщенную (двухпараметрическую) дробную экспоненциальную функцию, и в зависимости от типа модели содержат от двух до четырех параметров. Разработана методика идентификации параметров моделей на основе базовой информации для экспериментальных кривых ползучести при постоянных напряжениях. Нелинейная задача параметрической идентификации решается двухступенчатым итерационным способом. На первом этапе используются характерные экспериментальные точки диаграмм и особенности поведения моделей при неограниченном возрастании времени и определяются начальные приближения параметров. На втором этапе осуществляется уточнение этих параметров методом покоординатного спуска (методом Хука-Дживса) и минимизации функционала среднеквадратического отклонения расчетных значений от экспериментальных. Методика идентификации реализована для всех рассмотренных моделей на основании известных экспериментальных данных одноосного вязкоупругого деформирования поливинилхлоридного пластиката при температуре 20$^\circ$C и пяти уровней растягивающего напряжения. Приводятся табличные значения параметров для всех моделей. Выполнен анализ погрешности построенных феноменологических моделей по экспериментальным данным для всего ансамбля кривых вязкоупругого деформирования. Установлено, что для модели Скотт Блэра погрешность составляет 14.17 %, Фойхта - 11.13 %, Максвелла - 13.02 %, Кельвина - 10.56 %, Зенера - 11.06 %. Приводятся графики расчетных и экспериментальных зависимостей вязкоупругой деформации для поливинилхлоридного пластиката.
CAMINHOS TRILHADOS POR UMA PROFESSORA-PESQUISADORA NA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE BULLYING E VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Batista Elise Helena Moura , Zan Dirce Djanira Pacheco e
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho busca apresentar os desafios vivenciados por uma professora de Educação Física em relação às exclusões observadas entre o grupo de alunos durante as aulas, assim como explicitar os caminhos percorridos enquanto pesquisadora no intuito de compreender a dinâmica da interação dos alunos em relação às violências observadas nas aulas, dentre elas o bullying. A partir da discussão empreendida com os alunos em um Grupo Focal, evidenciou-se que o bullying, como uma forma específica de violência, está atrelado às diferenças presentes entre os alunos, diferenças que acabam por culminar em desigualdades, discriminações e preconceitos, existentes no contexto sociocultural, ou seja, que ultrapassam os muros da escola. Assim, a experiência da professora-pesquisadora confirma a importância de uma educação que possibilite espaços para o diálogo sobre as temáticas que perpassam as aulas/conteúdos, em uma perspectiva de educação integral.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA E O COTIDIANO ESCOLAR
Authors: Gama da Costa Andressa Florcena , Morelatti Maria Raquel Miotto
Published: April 2017

O objetivo de nossa pesquisa esteve em analisar o tema da avaliação escolar em Matemática, no intuito de compreender como as discussões teóricas têm influenciado a prática do professor dos anos iniciais. Os trabalhos publicados em eventos como ANPED; ENEM; SIPEM e em pesquisas de mestrado e doutorado no portal da CAPES, entre os anos de 2000 à 2012 revelam que menos de 1% do total de trabalhos discutiam o tema. Identificamos três grupos de pesquisa que respondem por boa parte dos trabalhos encontrados no levantamento. Por meio da análise dos trabalhos destes grupos, desvendamos o referencial teórico que os mesmos utilizam para realizar suas investigações. O confronto entre a produção teórica e o cotidiano escolar ocorreu em acompanhamento à professoras do 5º ano, que estruturam sua prática de ensino para atingir as habilidades e competências das avaliações externas e livros didáticos. Apontamos a necessidade de equilibrar tais influências com as recomendações atuais para ensino de matemática.
A REFLEXÃO COMO RESULTADO DE UMA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA COLABORATIVA DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Sanavria Claudio Zarate , Morelatti Maria Raquel Miotto
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo descreve parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que teve como objetivo investigar como uma formação continuada com enfoque colaborativo poderia contribuir para que professores de Matemática conhecessem e fizessem uso reflexivo dos recursos da Web 2.0 na prática pedagógica. Dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza descritivo-explicativa, buscamos por meio da Pesquisa-Ação, propor e desenvolver um processo formativo no qual fosse priorizada a colaboração como elemento motivador para novas práticas com as tecnologias. Os resultados apontam para um olhar diferenciado do professor para suas práticas, apresentando elementos que denotaram que o processo vivido contribuiu para a reflexão-na-ação e reflexão-sobre-a-ação a partir do uso das tecnologias, em um nível inicial que tende a consolidar-se com o tempo.