bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PİYANO BAŞLANGIÇ EĞİTİMİNDE KULLANILAN CZERNY op.599, CZERNY op.299, CZERNY op.136, CZERNY op.636, BURGMÜLLER op.100, DUVERNOY op.176 VE BERENS op.61 ETÜTLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Bıyıklıoğlu Zeynep Oya
Published: June 2024

Literatürde farklı bestecilere ait, çeşitli seviyeler için yazılmış çok sayıda piyano etüdü bulunmaktadır. Ancak etüt kitapları incelendiğinde çoğu kez teknik çalışmaların sistemli bir biçimde sıralanmadığı gözlemlenmektedir. Piyano öğretmenleri öğrencilerine verdikleri etütlerde zorlanılan teknikleri düşünerek öğrencilerinin seviyelerini de göz önünde bulundurarak çalışılacak etütleri seçerler. Yapılan çalışmada etütler içerdikleri teknik çalışmalar bakımından incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma, etütlerin içinde bulunan teknik güçlüklere göre veri tabanı oluşturma amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada piyano eğitiminde kullanılan Czerny op.599, Czerny op.299, Czerny op.136, Czerny op.636, Duvernoy op.176, Berens op.61, Burgmüller op.100 etüt kitaplarının özelliklerinin neler olduğu konusu çalışmanın temel problemini oluşturmakadır. Araştırma temelde tarama özelliği ve doküman incelemesi niteliği taşımaktadır. Çalışmada 354 etüt incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya etüt kitaplarındaki eserlerin temel tüm özelliklerinin incelenmesiyle başlanmıştır. Daha sonra etütler içerdikleri tekniklere göre gruplandırılmıştır. Bu gruplandırmadan sonra her etüt bulunduğu teknik güçlüğe göre, başlangıç (1), orta (2) ve ileri (3) olmak üzere üç seviyeye ayrılmıştır. Bazı etütlerin birden fazla teknik güçlüğü içerdiği gözlemlenmiş bu tip etütlerde yoğunluk hangi çalışma üzerindeyse etüt o çalışma grubuna dâhil edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma ile etütler teknik güçlüklerine göre gruplanıp seviyelendirildiği için piyano eğitiminde sıkça kullanılan kaynak çalışması olacağı düşünülmektedir. İncelenen kitaplarda en çok işlenen tekniklerin sırasıyla sağ el çalışması, akor çalışması, 3’lü aralık çalışma, staccato, sol el çalışmaları ve gam çalışmaları olduğu, Czerny op.139 etüd kitabında her seviyeden eserlere yer verildiği, Czerny op.299 ve Czerny op.636 kitaplarında ileri seviyede eserler yer aldığı, Czerny op.599 kitabının orta seviyede yoğunlaştığı, Duvernoy op.176 ve Burgmüller op.100 kitaplarının orta seviyede etütler içerdiği, Berens op.100 ise ileri seviyede etütler içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. En fazla teknik çalışma barındıran etütlerin Czerny op.299 kitabında yer aldığı ve en fazla teknik çalışma içeren etüdün Czerny op.299 kitabında 38 numaralı etüt olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bu kitaplar içinde en fazla arpej çalışılan tonların Do Majör, Re Majör, Sol Majör ve Mi bemol Majör, Mi Majör ve La Majör tonları olduğu; en fazla arpej çalışılan tonların ise Do Majör, Fa Majör, Sol Majör tonları olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Business Communications of Hospitality Industry Enterprises in Conditions of Political Instability
Authors: Polinkevych Oksana
Published: June 2024

Topicality. Ukraine is going through a complex period of its societal and economic transformation. The hotel and restaurant business of our country faced significant challenges during the Russian aggression.
The aim of the article is to develop a roadmap for business communications in the hospitality industry under political instability.
Research methods. When conducting this research, general scientific methods were used, such as: induction and deduction, for synthesising ideas on business communication in the hotel and restaurant business; abstraction, theoretical analysis, and synthesis, for defining the business communication strategy in the hotel and restaurant industry; comparison, for assessing the dynamics of the number of establishments in the hotel and restaurant business of Ukraine; generalisation, for determining the share of Sole Trader in the hotel and restaurant business; inference, for constructing the roadmap for business communication in the hotel and restaurant business; survey, for evaluating the state of business communication in the hotel and restaurant industry; graphical method, for interpreting survey data from 30 respondents in Volyn region.
Results. It is established that the majority of hotel and restaurant business establishments are Sole Trader subjects. They quickly adapt to changes, still, they are the most vulnerable ones. The study of 30 respondents in Volyn region showed the absence of an effective business communication strategy in the hotel and restaurant industry. The business communication strategy should be grounded as a road map in which relevant goals, tasks, analysis of the target audience, verification of the messages relevance, tools and tone of voice, risks, implementation terms and evaluation of results are defined.
Conclusions and discussion. It is found ou that business communication is an important process in the activity of hotel and restaurant business enterprises. It is established that 86–91 % of small enterprises function in the form of small business entities in the hotel and restaurant business. It is noted that the war and instability in the country in total provoked new paradigms for conducting the hotel and restaurant business. Most of the establishments have been repurposed in accordance with customers’ requests. It is mentioned that business communications play an important role in the vast majority of the surveyed respondents. The main elements of the business communication strategy in the hotel and restaurant business are goals, tasks, target audience, results, risks, implementation terms, results evaluation. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that most hospitality industry establishments in Volyn region do not evaluate the business communication strategy according to a number of qualitative and quantitative indicators, which makes it impossible to identify their problematic issues.
Technology of Enrichment of A2 Dairy Products with Carrot Powder Carotinoids
Authors: Samilyk Maryna , Tsyrulyk Roman
Published: June 2024

Topicality. Milk is an available for consumption, popular and nutritious food product, which contains a variety of important macronutrients and biologically active compounds, including carotenoids. Carotenoids contained in food products have low bioavailability, solubility and stability. A high fat content and a unique fat composition of dairy products can be used in order to overcome the problem of low carotenoid bioavailability which is common to fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the usage of fortified dairy products can be a potential means of increasing the supplyof carotenoids to the human body.
The aim of the article is to eleborate a technology for enriching A2 dairy products with carrot powder carotenoids. Experimental samples of A2 milk with a mass fraction of fat (3.2%) were produced: control (without additives); sample 1 (enriched with carrot powder in the amount of 10%); sample 2 (enriched with carrot powder in the amount of 20%). The carrot powder was added to milk, thoroughly mixed for 10 minutes, and subjected to homogenization under a pressure of 100-110 MPa, after which it was filtered. The carrot pulp separated during milk filtration, in the amount of 10 and 20% by weight of the product, was used to enrich yogurts.
Research methods. Using standard methods, in experimental milk samples organoleptic, physico-chemical indicators were determined according to DSTU EN ISO 1211:2022 (Ukrainian Research and Training Centre for Problems of Standardisation, Certification and Quality, 2023), as well as microbiological indicators were defined according to DSTU 7357:2013 (Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine, 2014), DSTU 7089:2009 (State Consumer Standard of Ukraine, 2011), and carotenoid content (by chemical method). Additionally, the change in the active acidity of yogurts during their storage was studied by the method of direct potentiometry.
Results. It was established that the addition of carrot powder had a positive effect on organoleptic quality indicators of milk, and caused an increase in the protein mass fraction within their composition by 0.03–0.04%. When adding 10% of carrot powder, the concentration of carotenoids increased by 0.163 mg/100 ml, and when adding 20%, then by 0.553 mg/100 ml accordingly. In the case of applying homogenisation under high pressure, and when enriching milk with carrot powder, its microbiological stability was ensured. Enrichment of yogurts with carrot pulp led to a significant increase of dietary fibers content in their composition, and allowed to raise the pH level of the finished product. During the entire storage period, the active acidity of enriched yogurts was within the normal range.
Conclusions and discussion. Enrichment of milk with carrot powder and using homogenisation under high pressure leads to an increase in the concentration of carotenoids in milk, which provides almost 5% of the daily needs.
ЦІНИ ТА ПРОЦЕС ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: САВЧЕНКО Олена , ГРЕКОВ Михайло
Published: June 2024

Ціноутворення є невід’ємною частиною бізнес-стратегії будь-якого підприємства, обумовлює вдале позиціювання продукції, дозволяє швидко досягати бізнес-цілей, забезпечувати ефективне функціонування компанії в цілому. В той же час відомим є факт, що саме ціноутворення є сферою, де найчастіше трапляються помилки та прорахунки. З метою дослідження процесу ціноутворення, нами було проаналізовано праці вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених, визначено аспекти, що впливають на процес та результат ціноутворення (такі, як цілі ціноутворення, ступінь новизни продукції, виробничі, фінансові, юридичні та маркетингові аспекти),  окреслено перелік етапів. Особлива увага приділена методам ціноутворення, які згідно підходів до класифікації, можуть бути поділені на різні групи. В закордонній літературі часто виділяють ціноутворення на основі витрат, конкуренції та визначення цінності для клієнта. Нами було досліджено позитивні та негативні риси таких методів, специфіку їх використання на різних ринках. Також нами описано групу параметричних методів, які використовуються для товарів, що мають аналоги на ринку.
 Головним завданням керівників є знаходження балансу між ціною, яка відповідає рівню задоволеності споживача, та ціною, що забезпечує бажаний рівень прибутку для підприємства та покриває всі витрати. Це складне завдання, яке потребує ретельного аналізу ринку, поведінки споживачів (їх реакції на зміни ціни) та ефективного визначення витрат на виробництво. Зазначимо також, що в літературних джерелах часто відсутній механізм забезпечення такого аналізу, що стане перспективою подальших досліджень та напрацювань.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗНАЧУЩОСТІ ТА ОЦІНКА ЙМОВІРНОСТІ ВИНИКНЕННЯ НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ У СИСТЕМІ НАССР ДЛЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ РЕСТОРАННОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА
Authors: ГУБЕНЯ В’ячеслав , БОНДАР Наталія , ДУЛЬКА Ольга , ШАРАН Лариса
Published: June 2024

Запровадження в Україні міжнародних стандартів з якості готельних послуг, а також якості і безпечності кулінарної продукції закладів ресторанного господарства, безпосередньо впливає на усі підприємства сфери гостинності. Незважаючи на те, що низка вітчизняних готельних підприємств і закладів ресторанного господарства вже досягли рівня вимог міжнародних норм якості обслуговування та безпеки ресторанної продукції, багато питань лишаються недостатньо розкритими та зрозумілими учасникам ринку, особливо в системі управління безпечністю харчової продукції НАССР. Так, наприклад, детальніших роз’яснень потребують процеси аналізу ризиків та небезпечних чинників у технологічних процесах зберігання і виробництва кулінарної продукції та оцінка ймовірності їх виникнення з метою встановлення раціональних заходів контролю для підприємств ресторанного господарства.
Model Pembelajaran Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual untuk Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa SMK
Authors: Mahardika Dhita Ayu , Gumilar Agung Cahya , Retnaningrum Elly
Published: June 2024

Proses pembelajaran yang disajikan guru dipandang belum merangsang siswa untuk mengoptimalkan seluruh indra yang dimilikinya. Perlu model/strategi pembelajaran yang mampu mengoptimalkan seluruh indra siswa sehingga proses pembelajaran lebih optimal yang berdampak terhadap optimalnya pemahaman siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, kuasi eksperimen, pretest-posttest control group design, dimana populasinya adalah siswa kelas X di salah satu SMK di Bandung, dan dengan menggunakan teknik purposif sampling maka diperoleh sampel kelas X AKL 2 dan X AKL 3.  Kelas X AKL 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X AKL 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Metode penelitian adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa di SMK; dan model pembelajaran Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual memiliki pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa SMK.
The learning process presented by the teacher is seen as not stimulating students to optimize all their senses. Learning models/strategies are needed that can optimize all of the student's senses so that the learning process is more optimal which has an impact on optimal student understanding. This research is a quantitative, quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest control group design, where the population is students of class X at an SMK in Bandung, and by using a purposive sampling technique, samples of class X AKL 2 and X AKL 3 are obtained. Class X AKL 2 is the experimental class and X AKL 3 is the control class. The research method is an experimental method using an independent sample t-test. The results showed that the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual learning models affected students' mathematical understanding abilities in SMK; and Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual learning models have a better effect compared to conventional learning models in improving the mathematical understanding abilities of SMK students.
Project logistics: influential factors of transporting project cargo in the Balkan region
Authors: Herman Benjamin , Kramar Uroš
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the article – Abnormal cargo will create abnormal problems and those require exceptional logistics solutions. This study delves into the complexities and challenges of transporting project cargo, explicitly focusing on items with extraordinary dimensions, weights, and shapes. Despite its small volume in global cargo flow, project cargo presents significant operational risks and contributions, particularly in the logistics sector. The research concentrates on the Balkan Peninsula, aiming to unravel the critical factors influencing project cargo transport and highlighting the challenges faced by industry experts.
Research methodology – Employing the Delphi method, initially developed for military applications and now prevalent in project management, the research seeks expert consensus on critical elements affecting project cargo logistics in the Balkans. This method facilitates the gathering and analysis of expert opinions to identify and address the core factors impacting project cargo transport.
Findings – The study uncovers various critical factors and challenges in project cargo logistics within the Balkan region. It provides insights into risk minimization, deviation control, and effective achievement of logistical objectives.
Practical implications – The research offers valuable perspectives for reducing risks and optimizing operations in project cargo transport. It also opens avenues for further research and development in the project logistics sector in the Balkans, contributing to enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.
Originality/Value – This research contributes uniquely by focusing on the lesser-explored area of project cargo transport in the Balkans. Employing the Delphi method brings forward expert insights, thus enriching the academic and practical understanding of this specialized logistics sector.
Pregled različnih metod in pristopov družboslovnega raziskovanja
Authors: Šilih Majna
Published: June 2024

Za zbiranje in analizo podatkov se v družboslovni vedi uporabljajo različne metode in pristopi, ki družboslovcem omogočajo razumeti človeško vedenje in družbene pojave. Metode in pristopi so se skozi čas razvijali in spreminjali, še posebej pa so, zaradi hitrega napredka tehnologije, doživeli preobrazbo v zadnjih desetletjih. Nove tehnologije omogočajo zbiranje in analiziranje podatkov na še bolj celovit in informativen način, saj so zmožne obdelovati vedno večje količine razpoložljivih podatkov, kar pa posledično pripomore k odkrivanju vzorcev, trendov in povezav ter vpliva na razumevanje človeškega življenja in družbenih pojavov.
The Holy See’s Charter of Rights of the Family and the Family Law of Contemporary European States
Authors: Jaros Paweł
Published: June 2024

After presenting the main provisions of the Charter of the Rights of the Family, announced by the Holy See on 22 October 1983, the paper discusses the key directions of changes taking place in almost all modern European states in the last three decades. Solutions concerning so-called same-sex marriages or partnerships, adoption of children by homosexual couples, and surrogacy are included. The manner in which the solutions in individual European countries are implemented is examined to illustrate the corresponding changes chronologically.
The paper also touches on the following: the evolution of the ECtHR jurisprudence in cases concerning relationships between homosexual persons, hate speech by reason of sexual orientation and gender identity, and the age of legal sexual intercourse. The ECtHR jurisprudence is illustrated with representative examples of judgements, and the latter two issues are highlighted on the basis of the adopted statutory solutions. Finally, the responses of the Polish legislator to the described changes are discussed, followed by conclusions.
Improved Method for Intersection Multi-Events Traffic Signal Induction Control in Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Wang Ruihan , Liang Zijun , Li Yuqi , Zhan Xuejuan , Wang Ruipeng , Deng Ran , Niu Yiran , Kumari Saru
Published: June 2024

Traditional fixed signal timing often leads to issues such as green light empty and residual queue at intersections. Traffic signal induction control can automatically adjust signal timing based on vehicle arrivals, but it still struggles to handle immediate control of special traffic events like long queue, exit overflow and intersection deadlock. Furthermore, it does not account for the impact of intelligent connected new energy vehicles (ICNEVs). So we propose an improved method for intersection multi-events traffic signal induction control in ICNEVs. The method involves deploying various types of detectors at intersections to identify events like green light empty, long queue, exit overflow, and intersection deadlock. Establish the induction control logic rules corresponding to different events, and consider the permeability optimization control parameters of ICNEVs at intersection. Finally, the proposed method is validated using real intersection data through the VISSIM traffic simulation software. The results demonstrate that the method effectively reduces the average queue length and delay at intersections. It also reveals that the higher the permeability of ICNEVs, the better the performance of intersection induction control.
A Study on the Construction Technology of 3D Model for Factories Oriented at Digital Twin
Authors: Zhang Enkang , Feng Wenwen , Jia Zijing , Yang Long , Chen Yeh-Cheng
Published: June 2024

With digital twin widely applied in the manufacturing industry, 3D model has its construction technology increasingly becoming a focus in the manufacturing industry. In this paper, aiming at the construction of digital twin plants, a rapid construction method of 3D models is proposed for the existing manufacturing workshops. Firstly, local point-cloud data shall be collected with TOF and based on the existing workshop layout and site division to form point-cloud data at the workshop level (in the format of RCP) with point-cloud splicing technology. Later, such data shall be transformed into BIM 3D models through REVIT software for data cleaning and model rendering to export FBX model data. At last, 3DMAX software shall be used for the lightweight processing of 3D models. In addition, asynchronous loading and layered loading are also applied for the efficient visualization of the modes. Based on this study, it is possible to quickly construct and efficiently display the 3D models of existing workshops, which is of great significance to support the construction of digital twin workshops.
Project Completion Time Prediction Based on BIM and BP Neural Network
Authors: Wang Jianqi
Published: June 2024

In the competitive construction market, accurately predicting project completion time is crucial for contractors to make informed bids and ensure profitability. Traditional methods for predicting completion times are becoming obsolete in the face of advancing technology. This study introduces a novel approach by integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Back Propagation (BP) neural network to forecast project completion times. We employed the BIM technology for detailed project analysis and the BP neural network for making predictions. This methodology was applied to a specific engineering project, where pre-completion predictions were made and then compared to actual outcomes to assess deviations and validate the approach. The results demonstrate that combining BIM with a BP neural network significantly enhances the accuracy of completion time predictions. This research confirms the effectiveness of this integrated method, offering a more reliable and scientific tool for project time management in the construction industry.
Impact of Different Diagnostic Measures on Drug Class Association with Dementia Progression Risk: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaur Daman Preet , Bucholc Magda , Finn David P. , Todd Stephen , Wong-Lin Kong Fatt , McClean Paula L.
Published: June 2024

Background: The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDRSOB) score is known to be highly indicative of cognitive-functional status and is regularly employed for clinical and research purposes. Objective: Our aim is to determine whether CDRSOB is consistent with clinical diagnosis in evaluating drug class associations with risk of progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Methods: We employed weighted Cox regression analysis on longitudinal NACC data, to identify drug classes associated with disease progression risk, using clinical diagnosis and CDRSOB as the outcome. Results: Aspirin (antiplatelet/NSAID), angiotensin II inhibitors (antihypertensive), and Parkinson’s disease medications were significantly associated with reduced risk of progression to MCI/dementia and Alzheimer’s disease medications were associated with increased MCI-to-Dementia progression risk with both clinical diagnosis and CDRSOB as the outcome. However, certain drug classes/subcategories, like anxiolytics, antiadrenergics, calcium (Ca2+) channel blockers, and diuretics (antihypertensives) were associated with reduced risk of disease progression, and SSRIs (antidepressant) were associated with increased progression risk only with CDRSOB. Additionally, metformin (antidiabetic medication) was associated with reduced MCI-to-Dementia progression risk only with clinical diagnosis as the outcome. Conclusions: Although the magnitude and direction of the effect were primarily similar for both diagnostic outcomes, we demonstrate that choice of diagnostic measure can influence the significance of risk/protection attributed to drug classes and consequently the conclusion of findings. A consensus must be reached within the research community with respect to the most accurate diagnostic outcome to identify risk and improve reproducibility.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Interleukin-17 and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis
Authors: Nawawi Rizki , Zefianto  , Amalia Ella
Published: June 2024

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is involved in the immune response to various infectious diseases. Two isoforms, IL-17A and IL-17F, are well studied and may play an important role in host defence towards tuberculosis. Genetic polymorphisms involving genes coding for these IL-17 isoforms may influence the function of this cytokine, hence affecting an individual’s susceptibility to tuberculosis infection. This narrative review discusses the role of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms involving IL-17A and IL-17F in tuberculosis susceptibility. Several SNPs, including rs2275913 and rs8193036 of the IL-17A gene and rs763780 of the IL-17F gene influence the immune response mediated by IL-17 to tuberculosis through different ways. The rs2275913 and rs8193036 SNPs are located in the promoter of the IL-17A gene, altering the expression of the gene by regulating the binding of transcription factors. Meanwhile, the rs763780 SNP is located in the coding region of the IL-17F gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution that affects the function of expressed IL-17. Future studies may elaborate the interactions of these SNPs with related polymorphisms in a haplotype-based approach, as well as their roles against infection of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in PICU of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang
Authors: Handayani Desti , Arliansyah Rio Dwi , Saputra Indra , Diba Msy Farah , Lestari Hertanti Indah
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, manifested by an increase in serum creatinine or oliguria. In the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), AKI is one of the most common conditions found. Several factors, including age, infection, sepsis, shock, heart disease, mechanical ventilation, and multiple organ failure cause the increase in the incidence of AKI in children. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for AKI in critically ill children in the PICU of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Methods. This study was an observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. This study used secondary data based on the medical records of patients treated at the PICU. Critically ill children aged 1-18 years who were treated at the PICU of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang in the period of 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 were included while existing kidney dysfunction before being admitted to PICU and not fulfilled medical records were excluded to the study. Results. AKI incidence in PICU was 46.7%. There were significant risk factors for AKI which are age (p 0.025), sepsis (p 0.019), shock (p 0.002), mechanical ventilation used (p 0.043), nephrotoxic drugs (p 0.039), and fluid overload (p 0.039). Conclusion. This study found that age, sepsis, shock, mechanical ventilation, nephrotoxic drugs, and fluid overload, were significant risk factors for the incidence of AKI in critically ill children in PICU.
A világrendváltozásra adott ASEAN-reakció státuszalapú magyarázata
Authors: Szakáli Máté
Published: June 2024

Délkelet-Ázsia minden más térségnél nagyobb mértékben és gyorsabb ütemben válik az Amerikai Egyesült Államok és a Kínai Népköztársaság között a világrend meghatározásáért folyó dinamikus stratégiai verseny tárgyává és színterévé. A jelenség növekvő mértékben tematizálja a globális és a helyi külpolitikai gondolkodásokat, a külpolitikai cselekvéseket és a külpolitikai elemzéseket. Jelen írás elsődleges forrásokra támaszkodva, kvalitatív tartalomelemzés alapján fogalmazza meg és esettanulmány formájában teszteli a státuszmentés hipotézisét. A tanulmány először a releváns elméleti szakirodalmat tekinti át, majd felállítja a feltevést. Az írás második fele a Délkelet-ázsiai Nemzetek Szövetségének kapacitását a nagyhatalmi relációk stabilizálására mint társadalmi konstrukciót vizsgálja, majd az ASEAN-reakciók mint státuszteljesítmény elemzését végzi el.
Improving the Quality of Education Based on the Role of the School Supervisor
Authors: Baili Muhas , Sari Siti Mayang , Zahraini  , Musdiani
Published: June 2024

This research reflects the government's initiative to improve access and quality of education in Indonesia, while catching up with more developed countries, and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of education in Indonesia compared to education abroad. The author adopts a research method using the literature study method as a form of preparation using references from various sources, including archives, the internet (both in digital and physical form), and books. The results of the research analysis show that support from all parties is needed to support the ongoing improvement process. Education in Indonesia has a unique identity and local policies that other countries do not have. Even though PISA data shows that the quality of education in Indonesia is still far behind, this does not reduce the enthusiasm of all parties to continue to improve quality. Each system has advantages and disadvantages, and the system implemented should be adapted to the conditions in each region, while maintaining local policies that need to be preserved.
The Relative Frequency of Histomonas meleagridis Infection in Turkey Flocks in Some Provinces of Iran
Authors:   Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Salavati Ali , Peighambari Seyed Mostafa ,   Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Yazdani Azam ,   Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Razmyar Jamshid ,   Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2024

Background: Histomoniasis is caused by the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis with an intermediate host of Heterakis gallinarum, which results in ulceration of the ceca walls, enlargement of the ceca by large casts, mesenteric inflammation, and liver necrosis. This disease is very important in Iran’s growing turkey breeding industry. Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the relative frequency of H. meleagridis infection in different turkey flocks to draw a cross-sectional picture of H. meleagridis infection in Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and Tehran provinces of Iran. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey of H. meleagridis infection during spring. Dropping samples were taken from backyard and commercial turkey flocks. After taking the fecal samples, they were investigated by Giemsa staining under a light microscope. A PCR test was performed to confirm the diagnosis of infection. Results: Out of 240 samples (from 19 flocks), 20 infected samples were detected by direct microscopic observation of H. meleagridis, and PCR confirmed 15 samples. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the relative frequency of H. meleagridis infection was lower than in similar studies in other parts of the world. This finding may be due to Iran’s less widespread use of turkey production. Considering the growth of the turkey production industry in Iran over the last decade and its further production over the next few years, it is necessary to evaluate histomoniasis.
Development of a Model-free Reinforcement Learning for a Heat Recovery Chiller System Optimization
Authors: Landry Jean-Francois
Published: June 2024

Heat recovery chiller (HRC) systems have significant strategic value to reduce building greenhouse gas emissions, although this potential remains unrealized in practice. Real-time optimization using model-free reinforcement learning (RL) provides a potential solution to this challenge. In recent years, advances in RL using deep learning, open a path to new advanced RL applications, including building applications. RL`s main benefits for HRC optimization compared to rule-based and supervised learning methods is that: RL does not require knowledge of the system a priori to optimize the system; and because the RL system is not essential to maintain loads or comfort in the building, RL training can be achieved without compromising 2 the building main function. A full-scale case study of RL in the 6,000 m academic laboratory Centre for Innovation (CUI) at Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU), formally Ryerson University, was completed (ASHRAE Climate Zone 5). Data was collected from the CUI TMU laboratory building in Toronto, Canada directly from the Building Automation System (BAS) and was analyzed in an RL in three steps; (1) Analysis of the HRC system; (2) Feature selection; and (3) RL agent development. This approach could permit a more stable and robust implementation of model-free RL and the methodology allowed operator-identified constraints to be translated into reward functions more broadly, allowing for a generalization to similar heat recovery chiller systems. The result from the RL experiment appeared to show that the actorcritic RL could learn and provide an increasingly accurate prediction of the reward over time which could lead to the maximization of cost savings. Based on the results, HRC systems appear to be good candidates for RL since the learning process did not affect comfort and operation. Keywords: Building Automation System, Decarbonized Heating, Reinforcement Learning, Heat Recovery Chiller, Optimization
Chiller Performance Evaluation and Optimization Algorithms for Existing Buildings
Authors: Stock Michael
Published: June 2024

There is a growing need for energy efficient air-conditioning systems as climate change increases cooling loads and is accelerated by resultant GHG emissions. Residential buildings are a prime candidate for Retro-Commissioning (RCx) as their control algorithms are not often reviewed or revised post construction and commissioning. A data-driven approach is implemented to create regression models predicting chiller power consumption and building thermal response using readily available data in residential Building Automation Systems ("BAS") and weather data. Best case models predict chiller power draw within RMSE 3.1 kW o (0.52% of full load) over the cooling season and building thermal response of RMSE 0.71 C. This research also investigated wrapping models into a model predictive control ("MPC") algorithm using Bayesian Optimization to update chiller setpoint parameters in real-time to reduce chiller power consumption. MPC algorithms deployment is simulated using data logged from two typical multi-unit residential buildings in ASHRAE Climate Zone 5. Best case simulated optimizer performance showed potential chiller energy savings of approximately 12%.
Translating Building Design Information Into Embodied Carbon Information: Gaps, Constraints, and Recommendations
Authors: Patel Pooja
Published: June 2024

Over the years, different software has been developed to design and analyze building information. With an increased understanding of the importance of embodied carbon as a driver of climate change, there is increasing demand to easily quantify building embodied carbon. This major research project examines how materials are defined in Revit, a building information model and how it aligns with carbon accounting material definitions required as illustrated by Athena. This research is done in order to support more accurate and detailed embodied carbon analysis during the design phase. Constraints and information gaps are identified and used to develop a better understanding of whether a case study model with a level of development of 300 has materials sufficiently defined to map to Athena. This method is tested on the Toronto Metropolitan University Smart Campus Integration and Testing Hub (SCITHub), using inputs provided by the design team and vendors, to evaluate its effectiveness. Although the necessary Athena properties may be established using a BIM, it is discovered that Revit does not provide key Athena required input in an easily readable format that can be effectively incorporated into carbon accounting software.
Development of the Modern Archetype for Toronto's Housing Stock and Adapting It to Passive House Standards
Authors: Tharshan Noeline
Published: June 2024

This research defines the characteristics for the development of an archetype model that represents a two storey, detached, single family construction built according to the 2006 Ontario Building Code. This is utilised as the basis for an investigation to continue the research on the existing Toronto housing stock to meet Passive House certification. Retrofit strategies of different levels were developed for the walls, roof, floors, mechanical ventilation, air tightness and heating and cooling equipment. Utilizing BEopt, a multi-objective simulation program, cost optimal configurations of retrofits were determined. The results were simulated in WUFI Passive to determine viable solutions for PHIUS compliance for the lowest life cycle cost. The results demonstrated that for the modern archetype, an average life cycle cost of $91,124, can reduce the archetype's energy use by 59% to meet the PHIUS certification requirements.
Matching Problem in Shared Ridehailing Services: Dynamics, Structures, and Algorithms
Authors: Meshkani Seyed Mehdi
Published: June 2024

The demand for transportation is continuously growing due to the rapid urbanization and growth in population. To meet this rising demand and mitigate the negative impacts of transportation, more sustainable travel modes are needed. In recent years, with the advancement of technology and the advent of smartphones, high-speed internet, and new on-road communication equipment, interest in shared mobility services as a sustainable form of transportation has increased significantly. Ridehailing service is one of the most common types of shared mobility that plays an important role in current urban mobility systems. However, studies showed that on-demand ridehailing companies (e.g., Uber and Lyft) have aggravated the traffic congestion since each vehicle is assigned to only one triprequest at a time. Shared ridehailing which enables vehicles to serve multiple passengers simultaneously can be an appropriate solution. Ride-matching problem is the core of such services that matches vehicles and passengers. This study focuses on proposing novel algorithms for different types of ride-matching problems in which one vehicle can serve more than one passenger. Their dynamics and applications in urban transportation systems are also extensively addressed. First, a Two-to-One ride-matching algorithm is developed for the case where each passenger can share their ride with only one more passenger, which is one of the most common types of shared services. This service is then extended to a generic case and a novel Many-to-One ride-matching algorithm is proposed in which a vehicle can serve multiple passengers at a time. Both algorithms ensure a high level of service, while being efficient in terms of computational complexity. Since different parameters are involved in developing such algorithms, comparing them can provide a great deal of insights into their differences as well as their performance under various circumstances. To further improve the complexity and reduce the computational time of the proposed algorithms, a decentralized structure is presented that takes advantage of vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) connectivity. Finally, the impact of adding a new shared ridehailing service on an urban transportation system is addressed, while analyzing its effects on the demand of different travel modes.
Investigating the Influence of Environmental Features on Air Pollution and Environmental Noise in Three Cities of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Saroar Md Golam
Published: June 2024

This thesis examines the impacts of environmental features on air and noise pollution covariance in three different cities of Southern Ontario. More specifically, the objectives of the study were to (1) Evaluate the correlation and spatial relationship between nitrogen dioxide 2NO ), and environmental noise in Mississauga, Hamilton and London; (2) Analyze the influence of environmental features on the covariance of NO and NO2se levels in the study areas. A combination of descriptive and inferential bivariate, and multivariate statistical techniques were performed to develop local and global models of noise and air pollution covariance. This study found a substantial correlation between the NO 2nd environmental noise in Mississauga and Hamilton; however, the correlation in London was very low. According to the final Land Use Regression (LUR) model, variables like traffic volume, road length, and industrial land-use increase the NO a2d environmental noise in different cities, whereas Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) helps to reduce the NO a2d environmental noise. This approach could be a good option for LUR modeling of environmental pollution in cities where extensive spatial monitoring is unfeasible, and more specifically, the predicted results of such a study may be applied to further health studies in the cities with the same land-use patterns.
Management of Type 2 Diabetes -- Applications of Machine Learning and Electronic Medical Records-based Analytics
Authors: Dekamin Azam
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most severe chronic diseases worldwide and will become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030. To increase the quality of care for Type 2 Diabetes with low side effects methods, three main interrelated levels, including predicting, controlling, and preventing, are investigated in decision support systems. Classification is one of the methods used to provide insight into predicting the future onset of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in those at high risk of progression from pre-diabetes to T2D. However, imbalanced class distribution is one of the limitations in electronic medical records that leads to patients' misclassification and poor predictive performance. A novel balancing method for improving T2D prediction performance in imbalanced electronic medical records by utilizing a fixed partitioning distribution scheme capable of keeping valuable information besides balancing the data is developed. Drug response prediction and medicine recommendations by utilizing various machine learning techniques have been investigated in recent years. Rapid clinical decisions in the early stages of the disease and accurate medicine recommendations based on past experiences can lower the patients' life-threatening. However, how medicine recommenders and treatment response prediction can be combined and how medicine recommenders can recommend only effective medicines have not yet been investigated. A modular effective anti-diabetic drugs recommender using the glycated hemoglobin indicator before and after using antidiabetics is developed to estimate the medication effectiveness. The proposed model recommends the most appropriate antidiabetic for each individual based on the patient’s characteristics using a hybrid switching method containing the prediction-based and clustering-based modules. The explainability of the proposed model helps extract meaningful patterns from the data that can be applied in controlling T2D. At the causal discovery level, We conduct the first population-based cohort study using a subset of data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network from 2000 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards (PH) regressions are conducted to estimate our primary outcome, time to T2D among prediabetics. In addition, causal mediation analysis decomposed the total effect estimate of cardiovascular disease risk on developing T2D into natural direct and indirect effects through Statin therapy.
Design of Supply Chain Contracts Under Weather Risk
Authors: Sarkar Piyal
Published: June 2024

The research focuses on improving supply chain performance under weather related uncertainties. Weather has a significant impact on the demand for various products in many sectors. Firms dealing in those products often face problems in demand management. Hence, managing supply chains under the weather risk is very important and challenging. To improve the performance of supply chains of weather-sensitive products, the main objective of the research is to design new classes of contract that can outperform the widely used supply chain contracts, such as wholesale, buyback, and revenue sharing contracts, and trade credit contracts. To design those new classes of contract, the research investigates: (1) coordination mechanisms of both risk-neutral and risk-averse supply chain members, (2) implementation of weather rebates based on Cooling Degree Days (CDD)/Heating Degree Days (HDD), which are the underlying assets for the temperature-based weather derivatives traded on the financial market, and (3) investigating how weather rebate and financial hedging strategies can be implemented to improve the supply chain performance. The design of new classes of contract involves three aspects: modeling a firm's objective under risk, modeling the payoff from weather derivatives, and designing the supply chain parameters. A firm's objective under risk is measured by using the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) approach. The supply chain parameters are designed such that the contracts coordinate with a Pareto-improving solution for both parties involved in the contract.
The study has many contributions. Firstly, it fills the gap of the existing domain of literature on weather risk in supply chains. With an increase in climate variations, weather risk in supply chains is a pertinent issue. Secondly, the designed new classes of contract are beneficial to administer for a wide range of products and perform better compared to the regularly used traditional contracts. The designed contracts are analyzed using actual demand data collected from a large retail company in Canada. Thirdly, with trade credits being one of the most common ways of supply chain financing, the study explains how trade credits with weather rebates and financial hedging can effectively coordinate supply chains under weather risk.
The Influence of Ultraviolet-A on Indicators of Plant Stress in Cannabis Sativa
Authors: Muir-Guarnaccia Jillian
Published: June 2024

The economic value of Cannabis sativa is influenced by inflorescence quality. Exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) has been shown to increase concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid in drug-type plants. High doses of UV-B are physiologically damaging and this damage is theorized to be repaired photo-enzymatically, through exposure to white light or UV-A light. I assessed chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, sexual lability, vegetative biomass, floral biomass, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content in C. sativa using light emitting diodes (LED) receiving 4h of UV-B alone or with 6h UV-A daily for five weeks. Significant (or interactive) effects of UV-A were not detected for any trait measured. However, plants exposed to UV-A+B showed a negative correlation between stomatal size and density, not seen under UV-B, suggesting UV-A impacts stomatal physiology. Results suggest a limited impact of UV-A exposure when white light is sufficient. Alternatively, further environmental variables may have obscured any effects from UV-A exposure. Keywords: 