bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milvexian, a potent, selective, oral small molecule factor XIa inhibitor
Authors: Perera Vidya , Wang Zhaoqing , Lubin Susan , Christopher Lisa J. , Chen Wei , Xu Sophia , Seiffert Dietmar , DeSouza Mary , Murthy Bindu
Published: December 2022

Milvexian (BMS-986177/JNJ-70033093) is a potent, oral small molecule that inhibits the active form of factor XI with high affinity and selectivity. This study assessed the single-dose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of milvexian co-administered with rifampin, an organic anion transport protein (OATP) inhibitor and potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducer. In this open-label, nonrandomized, single-sequence study, healthy participants (N = 16) received single doses of milvexian on Day 1 (100 mg), milvexian and rifampin (600 mg) on Day 4, rifampin on Days 5–11, milvexian and rifampin on Day 12, and rifampin on Days 13–14. Pharmacokinetic data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Administration of milvexian, alone or in combination with rifampin, was generally safe and well tolerated. Single-dose co-administration of rifampin and milvexian demonstrated no meaningful changes in milvexian exposure versus milvexian alone (Cmax, 110%; AUC[0–T], 102%; AUC[INF], 101%). After multiple doses of rifampin and milvexian, peak and total milvexian exposure substantially decreased versus milvexian alone (Cmax, 22%; AUC[0–T], 15%; AUC[INF], 15%). Results were consistent with preclinical data, indicating that milvexian is a substrate for CYP3A4/5 and P-gp but not OATP. The implications of these results on the need for dose adjustment of milvexian will be further elucidated following the completion of phase 2 and 3 trials.

Trial registration The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02959060; submitted 7/11/2016, first posted 8/11/2016).
The plyometric activity as a conditioning to enhance strength and precision of the finger movements in pianists
Authors: Muramatsu Kaito , Oku Takanori , Furuya Shinichi
Published: December 2022

Stability of timing and force production in repetitive movements characterizes skillful motor behaviors such as surgery and playing musical instruments. However, even trained individuals such as musicians undergo further extensive training for the improvement of these skills. Previous studies that investigated the lower extremity movements such as jumping and sprinting demonstrated enhancement of the maximum force and rate of force development immediately after the plyometric exercises. However, it remains unknown whether the plyometric exercises enhance the stability of timing and force production of the dexterous finger movements in trained individuals. Here we address this issue by examining the effects of plyometric exercise specialized for finger movements on piano performance. We compared the training-related changes in the piano-key motion and several physiological features of the finger muscles (e.g., electromyography, rate of force development, and muscle temperature) by well-trained pianists. The conditioning demonstrated a decrease of the variation in timing and velocity of successive keystrokes, along with a concomitant increase in the rate of force development of the four fingers, but not the thumb, although there was no change in the finger muscular activities through the activity. By contrast, such a conditioning effect was not evident following a conventional repetitive piano practice. In addition, a significant increase in the forearm muscle temperature was observed specifically through performing the plyometric exercise with the fingers, implying its association with improved performance. These results indicate effectiveness of the plyometric exercises for improvement of strength, precision, and physiological efficiency of the finger movements even in expert pianists, which implicates that ways of practicing play a key role in enhancing experts’ expertise.
Commerson’s dolphin population structure: evidence for female phylopatry and male dispersal
Authors: Durante Cristian Alberto , Loizaga Rocio , McCracken Gregory R. , Crespo Enrique Alberto , Ruzzante Daniel E.
Published: December 2022

A key in species conservation is understanding the amount and distribution of genetic diversity and how environmental changes that occurred in the recent past may have influenced current patterns of population structure. Commerson’s dolphin,Cephalorhynchus commersonii, has two subspecies, one of which is endemic to South America (C. commersonii commersonii) and little is known about its population genetics. Our objective was to investigate the population genetics of this subspecies throughout its distribution. Using 70 skin samples and information available in GenBank, 308 mitochondrial DNA sequences and 28 species-specific microsatellites were analyzed. The species presented low genetic diversity when compared to other dolphin species, but was consistent with other species within the genus. Strong population structure based on mitochondrial DNA was exhibited throughout its entire distribution, a pattern consistent with female philopatry. However, this pattern was not detected when using microsatellites, suggesting male-mediated gene flow. Demographic tests suggested a population expansion beginning approximately 15,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum. In a climate change scenario, we recommended considering each sampling location as an independent population management unit in order to evaluate the impact of possible environmental changes on the distribution of genetic information within the species.
Proline-rich protein from S. mutans can perform a competitive mineralization function to enhance bacterial adhesion to teeth
Authors: Tian Kun , Xiao Chengwei , Chen Yue , Zhou Min , Guo Jun , Ren Xiaohua , Du Qin
Published: December 2022

A proline-rich region was found in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) surface antigen I/II (Ag I/II). The functions of this region were explored to determine its role in the cariogenic abilities of S. mutans; specifically, the proline-rich region was compared with human amelogenin. The full-length amelogenin genes were cloned from human (AmH) and surface antigen I/II genes from S. mutans. Then, the genes expressed and purified. We analyzed the structure and self-assembly ability of AmH and Ag I/II, compared their capacities to induce mineralization, and assessed the adhesion ability of S. mutans to AmH- and Ag I/II-coated tooth slices. AmH formed ordered chains and net frames in the early stage of protein self-assembly, while Ag I/II formed irregular and overlapping structures. AmH induced mineralization possessed a parallel rosary structure, while Ag I/II-induced mineralization is rougher and more irregular. The S. mutans adhesion assay indicated that the adhesion ability S. mutans on the Ag I/II-induced crystal layer was significantly higher than that on the AmH-induced crystal layer. S. mutans’ Ag I/II may have evolved to resemble human amelogenin and form a rougher crystal layer on teeth, which play a competitive mineralization role and promotes better bacterial adhesion and colonization. Thus, the cariogenic ability of S. mutans Ag I/II is increased.
Factors influencing return to work after surgery for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow
Authors: Giöstad Alice , Zimmerman Malin , Anker Ilka , Dahlin Erik , Dahlin Lars B. , Nyman Erika
Published: December 2022

Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow (UNE) frequently affects people of working age. Surgically treated patients may not immediately return to work (RTW) postoperatively. In 2008, the Swedish Social Insurance Agency reformed the national insurance policy. We aimed to examine RTW postoperatively for UNE, variations among surgical methods, and potential risk factors for prolonged RTW (sick leave > 6 weeks). Surgically treated cases of UNE (n = 635) from two time periods (2004–2008 and 2009–2014) and two healthcare regions (Southern and South-eastern) were studied retrospectively regarding age, sex, comorbidities, occupation, type of surgery and time to RTW. A sub-analysis of the exact number of weeks before RTW (n = 201) revealed longer RTW for unemployed cases compared to employed cases. Prolonged RTW was seen among younger, manual workers and after transposition or revision surgery. Prolonged RTW was approximately four times more likely after transposition than after simple decompression. Comparisons before and after 2008 showed occupational differences and differences in RTW, where cases operated before 2008 more often had permanent sickness benefit, but the reform of the social insurance system did not seem to influence RTW. In conclusion, unemployment, younger age at surgery, manual labour, transposition, and revision surgery were related to prolonged RTW.
Haploinsufficiency of Shank3 increases the orientation selectivity of V1 neurons
Authors: Ortiz-Cruz Carlos Alberto , Marquez Emiliano Jimenez , Linares-García Carlos Iván , Perera-Murcia Gerardo Rodrigo , Ramiro-Cortés Yazmín
Published: December 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose hallmarks are social deficits, language impairment, repetitive behaviors, and sensory alterations. It has been reported that patients with ASD show differential activity in cortical regions, for instance, increased neuronal activity in visual processing brain areas and atypical visual perception compared with healthy subjects. The causes of these alterations remain unclear, although many studies demonstrate that ASD has a strong genetic correlation. An example is Phelan–McDermid syndrome, caused by a deletion of the Shank3 gene in one allele of chromosome 22. However, the neuronal consequences relating to the haploinsufficiency of Shank3 in the brain remain unknown. Given that sensory abnormalities are often present along with the core symptoms of ASD, our goal was to study the tuning properties of the primary visual cortex to orientation and direction in awake, head-fixed Shank3+/− mice. We recorded neural activity in vivo in response to visual gratings in the primary visual cortex from a mouse model of ASD (Shank3+/− mice) using the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f, imaged with a two-photon microscope through a cranial window. We found that Shank3+/− mice showed a higher proportion of neurons responsive to drifting gratings stimuli than wild-type mice. Shank3+/− mice also show increased responses to some specific stimuli. Furthermore, analyzing the distributions of neurons for the tuning width, we found that Shank3+/− mice have narrower tuning widths, which was corroborated by analyzing the orientation selectivity. Regarding this, Shank3+/− mice have a higher proportion of selective neurons, specifically neurons showing increased selectivity to orientation but not direction. Thus, the haploinsufficiency of Shank3 modified the neuronal response of the primary visual cortex.
Deep learning-based 3D OCT imaging for detection of lamina cribrosa defects in eyes with high myopia
Authors: Ota-Itadani Mako , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Mao Zaixing , Igarashi-Yokoi Tae , Yoshida Takeshi , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko
Published: December 2022

The lamina cribrosa (LC) is a collagenous tissue located in the optic nerve head, and its dissection is observed in eyes with pathologic myopia as a LC defect (LCD). The diagnosis of LCD has been difficult because the LC is located deep beneath the retinal nerve fibers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and three-dimensional shape of LCDs in highly myopic eyes. Swept-source OCT scan images of a 3 × 3-mm cube centered on the optic disc were obtained from 119 eyes of 62 highly myopic patients. Each LC was manually labelled in cross-sectional OCT images along the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) was trained with the manually labeled images, and the trained DCNN was applied to the detection of the LC in every image in each plane. Three-dimensional images of the LC were generated from the labeled image of each eye. The results showed that LCDs were detected in 12 of the 42 (29%) eyes in which an LC was visible. The LCDs ran vertically at the temporal edge of the optic disc. In conclusion, 3D OCT imaging with the application of DCNN is helpful in diagnosing LCDs.
The age-related pattern of inner retinal thickening is affected by myopia development and progression
Authors: Ablordeppey Reynolds Kwame , Lin Carol , Benavente-Perez Alexandra
Published: December 2022

The longitudinal effect of myopic eye growth on each individual retinal layer has not been described to date on an established non-human primate (NHP) model of myopia. We evaluated the changes experienced by the overall and individual central and mid-peripheral retinal thickness profiles in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) induced with myopia continuously for 5.5 months compared to controls using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Cycloplegic refractive state (Rx), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and retinal thickness were measured at baseline and after 3 and 5.5 months on thirteen marmosets: eight animals with lens-induced myopia and five untreated controls. The overall and individual retinal layer thickness in the central and mid-peripheral retina were obtained and compared between groups. Regression models were used to explore the extent to which VCD or Rx changes could predict the thickness changes observed. While the retinas of control marmosets thickened significantly over 5.5 months, marmosets with lens-induced myopia experienced less retinal thickening and thinning at times, mostly in the inner neuroretinal layers and the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer. The regression models suggest that 90% of the growth and refractive changes observed could be predicted by the thickness changes in the near to mid peripheral retina. This study confirms the longitudinal effect that myopia has on the inner retina of a NHP model during the early stages of myopia development. The observed myopia-driven differences in inner retina thickness templates might represent early biomarkers of myopia progression and associated complications.
Patterns and predictors of fall injury transitions among Korean older adult fallers: a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Gwang Suk , Shim Mi-So , Won Chang Won , Kim Miji , Lee Seoyoon , Kim Namhee , Park Min Kyung
Published: December 2022

This study was conducted to identify fall injury patterns, the transition from the baseline to follow-up, and the factors associated with the identified fall injury patterns using data obtained from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The participants were 566 community-dwelling older adults with fall experience. Three fall injury patterns were identified as the baseline and follow-up periods. The probability that the participant in the “fracture injury” pattern at Time 1 transitioned to the “fracture injury” pattern at Time 2 was 0.098. The factors associated with the “bruising and/or sprain injury” pattern were education level (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.55, p = 0.012), alcohol consumption (RRR = 0.50, p = 0.034), and balancing in tandem position (RRR = 2.77, p < 0.001). In the “fracture injury” pattern, male (RRR = 0.22, p = 0.038), frailty score (RRR = 0.58, p = 0.042), “bruising injury” (RRR = 0.23, p = 0.007), and “sprain injury” (RRR = 0.20, p = 0.007) at the baseline were significant factors. The findings indicate that previous fall experiences, higher alcohol consumption, lower frailty scores, and poor balance levels are associated with fall injury patterns. These patterns should be considered when developing prevention interventions.
Preferred β-lactone synthesis can explain high rate of false-negative results in the detection of OXA-48-like carbapenemases
Authors: Studentova Vendula , Sudova Vendula , Bitar Ibrahim , Paskova Veronika , Moravec Jiri , Pompach Petr , Volny Michael , Novak Petr , Hrabak Jaroslav
Published: December 2022

The resistance to carbapenems is usually mediated by enzymes hydrolyzing β-lactam ring. Recently, an alternative way of the modification of the antibiotic, a β-lactone formation by OXA-48-like enzymes, in some carbapenems was identified. We focused our study on a deep analysis of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacterales, especially strains showing poor hydrolytic activity. In this study, well characterized 74 isolates of Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems were used. Carbapenemase activity was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS), Carba-NP test and modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). As meropenem-derived β-lactone possesses the same molecular weight as native meropenem (MW 383.46 g/mol), β-lactonization cannot be directly detected by MALDI-TOF MS. In the spectra, however, the peaks of m/z = 340.5 and 362.5 representing decarboxylated β-lactone and its sodium adduct were detected in 25 out of 35 OXA-48-like producers. In the rest 10 isolates, decarboxylated hydrolytic product (m/z = 358.5) and its sodium adduct (m/z = 380.5) have been detected. The peak of m/z = 362.5 was detected in 3 strains co-producing OXA-48-like and NDM-1 carbapenemases. The respective signal was identified in no strain producing class A or class B carbapenemase alone showing its specificity for OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Using LC–MS, we were able to identify meropenem-derived β-lactone directly according to the different retention time. All strains with a predominant β-lactone production showed negative results of Carba NP test. In this study, we have demonstrated that the strains producing OXA-48-like carbapenemases showing false-negative results using Carba NP test and MALDI-TOF MS preferentially produced meropenem-derived β-lactone. We also identified β-lactone-specific peak in MALDI-TOF MS spectra and demonstrated the ability of LC–MS to detect meropenem-derived β-lactone.
Fabrication and properties of interweaved poly(ether ether ketone) composite scaffolds
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Shi Dengwen , Li Wenqiang , Qin Huadong , Han Xingguo
Published: December 2022

This paper interweaved scaffolds with poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(lactic acid)/Walnut shell/hydroxypatite (PLA/WS/HA) composites by using fused filament fabrication technology, although there was a huge difference in thermal property term between PLA and PEEK. In order to keep mechanical properties of PEEK scaffold and remedy the stress loss produced by pores, PLA/WS/HA composites were used to fill the pores with gradient form outside-in (0.4-0.8 mm, 0.6-1.0 mm, 0.8-1.2 mm and 1.6-2.0 mm). The thermal stability, tensile and compression properties, tensile fracture surface morphology, cytotoxicity and in vivo experiment were investigated. The results showed: the scaffolds were intact without any flashes and surface destruction, and kept a well thermal stability. Compared with the PEEK porous scaffolds, the tensile fracture stress and strain, compression yield stress and strain of interweaved scaffolds were dramatically enhanced by 24.1%, 438%, 359.1% and 921.2%, respectively, and they climbed to the climax at 8 wt% of WS. In vivo experiment showed that the degradation of PLA/WS/HA composites synchronized with the adhesion, proliferation and ingrowth of bone cells, keeping the stable biomechanical properties of interweaved scaffolds. Those experiments showed that interweaved PEEK-PLA/WS/HA scaffolds had the potential to be used as bone implant in tissue engineering.
Fenugreek seed and cape gooseberry leaf extracts as green corrosion inhibitors for steel in the phosphoric acid industry
Authors: Abdel-Gaber A. M. , Ezzat A. , Mohamed M. E.
Published: December 2022

Phosphoric acid is the core material for the fertilizer industry; however, it is incredibly corrosive to manufacturing plants’ structures, mainly steel. Corrosion is one of the most severe problems encountered during phosphate fertilizer manufacturing. Recently, plant extracts have been commonly used as corrosion inhibitors because they are cheap and environmentally friendly. Steel corrosion in a 20% aqueous phosphoric acid solution in the absence and presence of fenugreek seed (Fen) or cape gooseberry leaf (CgL) extracts was investigated using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique, potentiodynamic polarization measurement, scanning electron microscope, and quantum chemical calculations. Fourier Transform Infrared, FTIR, was used to identify the functional groups in Fen and CgL extracts. The inhibition efficiency for steel in 20% aqueous phosphoric acid was roughly equal to 80% for 0.4 g/L CgL and 1.2 g/L Fen extracts. A scanning electron microscope showed that the chemical constituents of extracts block the surface roughness of steel, decreasing the corrosion rate. The activation parameters indicated the effectiveness of the extracts at a higher temperature. Measurements of the potential of zero charges showed that the steel surface is positively charged in the phosphoric acid solution. Quantum chemical computations were also employed to examine the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of the natural extracts.
Maize and ancient Maya droughts
Authors: Islebe Gerald A. , Torrescano-Valle Nuria , Valdez-Hernández Mirna , Carrillo-Bastos Alicia , Aragón-Moreno Alejandro A.
Published: December 2022

The ancient Maya culture of Mesoamerica shaped landscapes for centuries, in an area where maize (Zeamays) cultivation is considered a fundamental crop in the diet of present and ancient Mesoamerican cultures. Pollen records from sites with different environmental and climatic conditions of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico) and Peten (Guatemala) evidence a clear relationship between increased maize pollen and periods of reduced precipitation caused by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) while moist periods are characterized by low maize pollen presence. ENSO conditions were not evenly distributed across the Yucatán Peninsula, and regional droughts vary according to regional climate and geographical conditions. Our results indicate a strong relationship of increased maize and tropical forest decrease with dry periods, while the Late Preclassic Humid Period (ca. 500–200 BCE) is characterized by the absence of maize pollen. The dry Late Preclassic (300 BCE-250 CE) was a key period for increased maize production, suggesting a new conceptualization of maize. Maize changed from a basic diet crop to a pragmatic product to face adverse environmental conditions.
Substance availability and use in ex-professional ice hockey enforcers
Authors: Gaetz Michael
Published: December 2022

Some ex-professional ice hockey enforcers (players whose primary role was fighting) have experienced negative health outcomes following their careers including substance use. Some have suggested that negative post-career outcomes following a career in contact sport relate specifically to neurotrauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ex-professional ice hockey enforcers were negatively impacted by substance use during and/or following their careers. It was hypothesised that given their role in the sport, significant exposure to injury (including concussions) occurred, leading to challenges post-career including substance use. This study utilises a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach with one-on-one semi-structured interviews and questions related to substance use. This hypothesis for this study was not supported. Participants in this study reported low levels of substance use post-career. Patterns of substance use during career varied by era with a change in use from alcohol and over-the-counter stimulants to opioids, sleep aids, and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) estimated to occur near the mid to late 1990s. Four participants described patterns of excessive alcohol use during their careers. Stimulant use was prevalent in ice hockey pre-mid-1990s. The use of prescription opioids and sleep aids was reportedly rare before the mid to late 1990s, but eventually became easily attainable via team medical staff and prescription sharing. Two participants from the later era also reported use of AAS. This sample of ex-professional hockey enforcers experienced a significant number of concussions, continue to have challenges with chronic pain, and were exposed to several unique stressors during their careers, the effects of which may have varied based upon how the role was viewed. A combination of these factors may have resulted in substance use in some of these athletes during, but not following their careers.
Absence of early platelet increment in healthy mice during decitabine treatment
Authors: Baumann Juliane , Spindler Markus , Throm Yannick , Lübbert Michael , Bender Markus
Published: December 2022

Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes includes the administration of the hypomethylating agent decitabine. An early platelet response in decitabine-treated myelodysplastic syndrome patients is a predictor of overall survival. The effect of decitabine on megakaryocytes and the bone marrow, however, is understudied. We show that an early platelet increment was not detectable in healthy mice during decitabine treatment. Analyses of bone marrow sections revealed vessels with dilated lumina, decreased cellularity, but increased number of red blood cells and the presence of (pro)platelet-like particles. Taken together, decitabine treatment of healthy mice does not induce an early platelet increment, but affects the bone marrow.
The role of environmental salinity on Na+-dependent intestinal amino acid uptake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Hedén Ida , Sundell Kristina , Jönsson Elisabeth , Sundh Henrik
Published: December 2022

Na+/K+-ATPases (NKA) in the basolateral membrane of the intestinal enterocytes create a Na+-gradient that drives both ion-coupled fluid uptake and nutrient transport. Being dependent on the same gradient as well as on the environmental salinity, these processes have the potential to affect each other. In salmonids, L-lysine absorption has been shown to be higher in freshwater (FW) than in seawater (SW) acclimated fish. Using electrophysiology (Ussing chamber technique), the aim was to explore if the decrease in L-lysine transport was due to allocation of the Na+-gradient towards ion-driven fluid uptake in SW, at the cost of amino acid transport. Intestinal NKA activity was higher in SW compared to FW fish. Exposure to ouabain, an inhibitor of NKA, decreased L-lysine transport. However, exposure to bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide, inhibitors of Na+, K+, 2Cl−-co-transporter (NKCC) and Na+, Cl−-co-transporter (NCC) respectively, did not affect the rate of intestinal L-lysine transport. In conclusion, L-lysine transport is Na+-dependent in rainbow trout and the NKA activity and thus the available Na+-gradient increases after SW acclimation. This increased Na+-gradient is most likely directed towards osmoregulation, as amino acid transport is not compromised in SW acclimated fish.
Selectively recognizing heptad-interfaced G-quadruplexes by a molecular rotor with an ESIPT emission
Authors: Yang Mujing , Lai Rong , Peng Shuzhen , Chang Yun , Zeng Xingli , Wang Dandan , Zhou Xiaoshun , Shao Yong
Published: December 2022

Heptad-interfaced G-quadruplexes can be selectively recognized by a natural fluorescent ligand with the merits of molecular motor and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (MR-ESIPT).
Graphene coupled flower-like oxidized-polyacrylonitrile as high-performance anodes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Han Xiaoyan , Xiao Zongying , Chen Kai , Lai Qi , Yang Yingkui
Published: December 2022

In situ incorporation of conductive graphene into flower-like oxidized-polyacrylonitrile to craft robust hierarchical nanohybrids as highly redox-active anodes for sustainable batteries.
A direct approach toward investigating DNA–ligand interactions via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Shi Na , He Yingying , Li Yang , Zheng Qingchuan
Published: December 2022

Schematic diagram of a new method for analyzing interactions between DNA and its ligands based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with molecular dynamics simulations.
How to use a rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) subtraction method to investigate the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction?
Authors: Kerschbaumer Angelina , Wielend Dominik , Leeb Elisabeth , Schimanofsky Corina , Kleinbruckner Nadine , Neugebauer Helmut , Irimia-Vladu Mihai , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: December 2022

The intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of different homogeneous materials can be investigated using complementary methods, such as rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) and chronoamperometric electrolysis.
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction over gallium – a computational and experimental study
Authors: Sinha Vivek , Rezai Fateme , Sahin Nihat Ege , Catalano Jacopo , Bøjesen Espen Drath , Sotoodeh Farnaz , Dražević Emil
Published: December 2022

This work explores the electrocatalytic activity of Ga which was identified earlier as one of the “overlooked” metals for catalyzing the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR).
Two -dimensional semimetal AlSb monolayer with multiple nodal-loops and extraordinary transport properties under uniaxial strain
Authors: Xia Qian , Li Na , Ji Wei-Xiao , Zhang Chang-Wen , Ding Meng , Ren Miao-Juan , Li Sheng-Shi
Published: December 2022

A novel 2D semi-metallic AlSb monolayer with multiple nodal loops and interesting properties under strains are predicted.
Electronic structure of cobalt valence tautomeric molecules in different environments
Authors: Mishra Esha , Ekanayaka Thilini K. , Panagiotakopoulos Theodoros , Le Duy , Rahman Talat S. , Wang Ping , McElveen Kayleigh A. , Phillips Jared P. , Zaid Zaz M. , Yazdani Saeed , N'Diaye Alpha T. , Lai Rebecca Y. , Streubel Robert , Cheng Ruihua , Shatruk Michael , Dowben Peter A.
Published: December 2022

A joint spectroscopy and ab initio study identifies electronic orbitals of valence tautomeric complexes on different semiconducting polymers, including a spin-polarized ligand-to-metal charge transfer state that spans the entire molecular plane.
Artificial supramolecular light-harvesting systems based on a pyrene derivative for photochemical catalysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhu Rongxin , Hang Yu , Wang Rongzhou , Dong Ruizhi , Yu Shengsheng , Xing Ling-Bao
Published: December 2022

A supramolecular polymer based on NPyP and CB[8] was constructed via host–guest interactions with the AIE effect for artificial light-harvesting energy transfer and photocatalysis.
Phase-controllable topochemical polymerization of liquid crystalline epoxy according to spacer length
Authors: Ku Kyosun , Yeo Hyeonuk
Published: December 2022

A new liquid crystal epoxies (LCEs) system based on the twin mesogenic core and imidazole curing agent is investigated. The LCEs records high thermal conductivity (0.49 W m−1 K−1) which are highly affected by microscopic orientation.
Engineering of PMo12@NiCo-LDH compositevia in situencapsulation-reassembly strategy for highly selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2to CH4
Authors: Zhang Huaiying , Cui Dongyuan , Shen Tianyang , He Tong , Sun Danzhong , An Sai , Qi Bo , Song Yu-Fei
Published: December 2022

The PMo12@NiCo-LDH composites were fabricated successfully and they showed excellent CH4selectivity and recyclability for photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
AIEgens for dual second harmonic generation and fluorescence “turn-on” imaging of membrane and photodynamic therapy in cancer cells
Authors: Peng Yingying , Yan Yang , Li Peng , Li Bifei , Jiang Hanlin , Guo Bing , Yuan Qunhui , Gan Wei
Published: December 2022

The integration of second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopic imaging and aggregation-induced emission fluorescence imaging would greatly boost the imaging outcomes because of the combination of merits in each imaging modality.
A novel isocyanide/Ag2CO3-promoted addition of heteroatoms to alkynes under mild conditions
Authors: Lei Jie , Xu Jia , Luo Ya-Fei , Li Jie , Wang Jing-Ya , Li Hong-yu , Xu Zhi-Gang , Chen Zhong-Zhu
Published: December 2022

A silver(i) isocyanide complex was used as a catalyst to activate alkynes rapidly and carry out intramolecular electrophilic addition of alkynes to synthesize various different-sized rings in excellent yields under mild conditions.
Fundamental features of AlCl4−-/AlCl4-graphite intercalation compounds of aluminum-ion-based battery cathodes
Authors: Li Wei-Bang , Lin Shih-Yang , Lin Ming-Fa , Khuong Dien Vo , Lin Kuang-I.
Published: December 2022

Up to now, many guest atoms/molecules/ions have been successfully synthesized into graphite to form various compounds.
Fast preparation of a polydopamine/ceramic composite nanofiltration membrane with excellent permselectivity
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Wu Hanyang , Yu Gaosheng , Zha Haoran , Han Runlin
Published: December 2022

Fabrication of a dense polymer/ceramic composite membrane with high permeability remains a great challenge.
Hydrophobic nanoporous carbon scaffolds reveal the origin of polarity-dependent electrocapillary imbibition
Authors: Pan Bin , Valappil Manila Ozhukil , Rateick Richard , Clarkson Christopher R. , Tong Xia , Debuhr Chris , Ghanizadeh Amin , Birss Viola I.
Published: December 2022

Polarity-dependent electrocapillary imbibition in hydrophobic nanoporous carbon scaffolds.
Two-dimensional nanosheets of bimetallic chalcogenide-tagged nitrogen-doped carbon as a cathode for high-performance and durable zinc-ion capacitors
Authors: Patil Swati J. , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Hwang Seung-Kyu , Shinde Pragati A. , Rama Raju Ganji Seeta , Ranjith Kugalur Shanmugam , Karekar Smita V. , Huh Yun-Suk , Han Young-Kyu
Published: December 2022

As a cathode in aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs), nitrogen-doped carbon with a 2D bimetallic chalcogenide (NbMo6S8/NC) was used. The assembled ZIC demonstrated exceptional electrochemical stability and energy efficiency over thousands of charge–discharge cycles.
Sandwich-type phase-change composites with the dual-function of efficient heat management and temperature-regulated electromagnetic interference shielding performance
Authors: Qin Ling , Liu Cui , Zhang Jixiang , Xi Min , Pi Shuai , Guo Wei , Li Nian , Zhang Shudong , Wang Zhenyang
Published: December 2022

A sandwich-type phase change composite shows dynamic electromagnetic shielding performance with a change in temperature and its electromagnetic shielding performance significantly improved after reaching the phase change temperature.
Negative lattice expansion-induced upconversion luminescence thermal enhancement in novel Na2MoO4:Yb3+, Er3+ transparent glass ceramics for temperature sensing applications
Authors: Zi Yingzhu , Cun Yangke , Bai Xue , Xu Zan , Haider Asif Ali , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Huang Anjun , Zhu Jialun , Yang Zhengwen
Published: December 2022

Negative lattice expansion-induced upconversion luminescence (UCL) thermal enhancement can efficiently solve thermal quenching of lanthanide ions, and the temperature sensing characteristics can be obtained by combining with fluorescence intensity ratio technology.
Autophagic degradation of membrane-bound organelles in plants
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Zhang Qian , Bao Yan , Bassham Diane C.
Published: December 2022

Eukaryotic cells have evolved membrane-bound organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts (in plants and green algae) and lysosomes/vacuoles, for specialized functions. Organelle quality control and their proper interactions are crucial both for normal cell homeostasis and function and for environmental adaption. Dynamic turnover of organelles is tightly controlled, with autophagy playing an essential role. Autophagy is a programmed process for efficient clearing of unwanted or damaged macromolecules or organelles, transporting them to vacuoles for degradation and recycling and thereby enhancing plant environmental plasticity. The specific autophagic engulfment of organelles requires activation of a selective autophagy pathway, recognition of the organelle by a receptor, and selective incorporation of the organelle into autophagosomes. While some of the autophagy machinery and mechanisms for autophagic removal of organelles is conserved across eukaryotes, plants have also developed unique mechanisms and machinery for these pathways. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding autophagy regulation in plants, with a focus on autophagic degradation of membrane-bound organelles. We also raise some important outstanding questions to be addressed in the future.
Plant transbilayer lipid asymmetry and the role of lipid flippases
Authors: Villagrana Richard , López-Marqués Rosa Laura
Published: December 2022

Many biological membranes present an asymmetric lipid distribution between the two leaflets that is known as the transbilayer lipid asymmetry. This asymmetry is essential for cell survival and its loss is related to apoptosis. In mammalian and yeast cells, ATP-dependent transport of lipids to the cytosolic side of the biological membranes, carried out by so-called lipid flippases, contributes to the transbilayer lipid asymmetry. Most of these lipid flippases belong to the P4-ATPase protein family, which is also present in plants. In this review, we summarize the relatively scarce literature concerning the presence of transbilayer lipid asymmetry in different plant cell membranes and revise the potential role of lipid flippases of the P4-ATPase family in generation and/or maintenance of this asymmetry.
High flashover strength and superhydrophobic coatings by constructing porous surface structure
Authors: Li Mengtao , Chen Tingxin , Guo Xiaobo , Dong Lei , Chen Jiming , Zhu Mingxiao
Published: December 2022

Flashover is prone to occur in composite insulation structures such as vacuum‐solid and gas‐solid, which are universally employed in high‐voltage power equipment. In this study, a high flashover strength and superhydrophobic coating were proposed by constructing porous surface morphology. Octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) particles were prepared by hydrolysis condensation reaction, and thereafter sprayed onto the substrate surface to form a porous and rough surface structure with hundreds of nanometres of dispersed pores and pits. The coating endowed epoxy resin with maximum 44% flashover voltage increase and the superhydrophobic surface with water contact angle of 158.4°. Since the pore size in OTS coating is close to electron mean free path in atmospheric condition, the collisional ionisation can be effectively hindered, which suppresses the micro‐discharge around the triple junction and improves the flashover strength. The present approach provides a new insight for simultaneously improving flashover strength and superhydrophobic properties of dielectric insulation.
Comparaison de la forme des arcades entre les différentes options thérapeutiques orthodontiques des agénésies des incisives latérales maxillaires
Authors: El Haddad Céline , Akl Roula
Published: December 2022

Introduction : l'agénésie dentaire est une anomalie fréquemment rencontrée dans la pratique quotidienne, d'où la nécessité de la diagnostiquer pour une meilleure prise en charge. L'incisive latérale est la dent la plus fréquemment agénésique au maxillaire. Il faut connaître les répercussions de cette agénésie sur le maxillaire, de plus il faut comprendre les options thérapeutiques, que ce soit un traitement par fermeture ou par ouverture d'espace de l'agénésie, pour qu'on puisse adopter le traitement optimal. Les différentes stratégies de trai¬tement des agénésies des latérales maxil¬laires peuvent avoir des répercussions sur les dimensions transversales de l'arcade ainsi que sur la forme d'arcade. Matériels et méthodes : des empreintes digitales et une analyse des moulages dentaires avant et après traitement ont été réalisées sur 20 patients traités au département d'or¬thodontie à l'Université Saint Joseph de Beyrouth présentant des agénésies des incisives latérales et traités soit par ouver¬ture ou par fermeture des espaces. Les empreintes sont analysées par le logiciel analytique OrthoAnalyzer afin de comparer les dimensions transversales et les formes des arcades dentaires maxillaires avant et après traitement dans les deux options thérapeutiques. Résultats et discussion : Il n'existe pas de différence statistiquement significative entre le type de traitement et le changement de la forme de l'arcade. Par contre, certaines dimensions transversales de l'arcade maxillaire ont significativement changé après traitement orthodontique. En cas de fermeture, les distances entre les canines et entre les deuxièmes prémolaires ont diminué significativement. D'autre part, en cas d'ouverture, les distances entre les canines, entre les premières prémolaires et entre les premières molaires ont significati¬vement augmenté. Conclusion : la forme de l'arcade dentaire supérieure, selon la charte pentamorphique de Ricketts, n'a pas signifi¬cativement changé après traitement que ce soit par ouverture d'espace ou par fermeture d'espace. Donc, il n'y a pas de corrélation entre la variation de la forme d'arcade den¬taire et le type de traitement de l'agénésie de l'incisive latérale.
An updated list of theCulicoides(Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) fauna from Ecuador
Authors: Mosquera Juan D. , Zapata Sonia , Spinelli Gustavo , Gualapuro Moises , León Renato , Augot Denis
Published: December 2022

An updated list of biting midges of the genusCulicoidesinhabiting Ecuador is provided. Entomological investigations were carried out from July 2010 to May 2019 using CDC light traps in three Ecuadorian regions (Amazon basin, Andean (foothills and highlands) and Pacific Coast). A total of 12,073Culicoidesspecimens from seven subgenera and nine species groups were collected. More species and higher variation were found in the Amazon basin than in either of the Andes regions or coastal sites. A total of 53 species were identified. Of these, 15 are herein reported as new species records for Ecuador:Culicoides acotylusLutz,C. aitkeniWirth & Blanton,C. benarrochiOrtiz & Mirsa,C. carvalhoiWirth & Blanton, C. freitasiWirth & Blanton,C. ginesiOrtíz,C. lopesiBarretto, C. lyrinotatusWirth & Blanton, C. profundusSantarém, Felippe-Bauer & Trindade,C. pseudoreticulatusSantarém, Felippe-Bauer & Castellón, C. quasiparaensisClastrier,C. vernoniWirth & Blanton,C. youngiWirth & Barreto and two new species. Our results show that the updated list of the EcuadorianCulicoidesfauna comprises 70 species. This inventory highlights the presence of species that have been incriminated as vectors of disease elsewhere in animals and humans, mainlyC. insignisandC. paraensis.
Motivation à enseigner : enquête auprès des participants du diplôme inter-universitaire en pédagogie médicale de la Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Marrakech
Authors: Wakrim Soukaina , Lahlou Laila , Chakiri Radia , Bouskraoui Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Contexte :  La nécessité de former les cliniciens-enseignants à la pédagogie médicale est universellement reconnue. Or, la motivation à entamer et poursuivre un programme formel de développement professoral en pédagogie médicale a été peu étudiée. Une connaissance plus fine des déterminants de la motivation des enseignants à se former à la pédagogie permettrait de mieux soutenir les efforts d’amélioration de la formation des professionnels de la santé.Objectif :Mettre en évidence des sources de motivation des cliniciens-enseignants qui choisissent de poursuivre le diplôme inter-universitaire (DIU) en pédagogie médicale.Méthodes :Quatre-vingts des 110 (72 %) enseignants ayant suivi une formation professorale en pédagogie médicale dans le cadre du DIU ont complété le questionnaire de l’échelle de motivation en éducation adapté aux études universitaires de Vallerandet al.(ÉMÉ-U 28), élaboré en lien avec la théorie de l’auto-détermination.Résultats :Au regard des mesures rapportées, la motivation autonome est plus élevée que la motivation contrôlée. Une très grande majorité des participants indiquent souhaiter poursuivre des études avancées pour le plaisir de découvrir des choses jamais vues auparavant et une majorité significative pour approfondir leurs connaissances en pédagogie médicale. La plupart d’entre eux se sont engagés dans le DIU pour le plaisir et pour la satisfaction personnelle liée à la recherche de l’excellence dans leur profession. Seul un tiers des participants justifie l’inscription au DIU de pédagogie par des éléments externes de motivation, liés à la contrepartie espérée de pouvoir décrocher la titularisation et l’agrégation plus tard.Conclusion :Cette étude contribue à la compréhension de la dynamique motivationnelle qui pousse des cliniciens à initier un processus de formation professorale afin de devenir des cliniciens-enseignants.
Multi objective design optimization of graphene piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensor using design of experiment
Authors: Nag Meetu , Pratap Bhanu , Kumar Ajay
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the effect of diaphragm thickness, dimensions of piezoresistors, doping profile and temperature compatibility on sensitivity and non-linearity of graphene MEMS pressure sensor. Taguchi method is used for maximizing the sensitivity and minimizing the nonlinearity of the designed pressure sensor. L27 orthogonal array is utilized for five input factors with three levels. Output voltage is obtained from simulation in COMSOL for different combinations of the input parameters as per L27 orthogonal array. It was found that diaphragm thickness and length of the sensing element shows maximum contribution in increasing the sensitivity of the pressure sensor. Similarly, interaction of diaphragm thickness with piezoresistors thickness and doping concentration shows a major contribution in reducing the non-linearity of the pressure sensor. Other factors such as operating temperature affects both sensitivity and nonlinearity of the pressure sensor with a very low contributing percentage of 0.40% and 2.16%, respectively. Pareto Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to validate the predicated results of the designed pressure sensor. The result indicated that the optimum design shows a sensitivity of 4.10 mV/psi with very low non linearity of 0.1%.
Subperiosteal Midface Lift with Sub–Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Rhytidectomy
Authors: Manning James P. , Quatela Vito C.
Published: December 2022

The subperiosteal midface lift is a powerful tool that allows the surgeon to reposition the SOOF and malar fat pad in a vertical direction. Additionally, it significantly softens deep nasolabial folds. Its effect, however, is minimal with regards to addressing the jowl, jawline, gonial angle and cervicomental angle. Combining the subperiosteal midface lift with an extended sub-SMAS rhytidectomy addresses the pre-jowl sulcus by releasing the mandibular ligament. The jawline and gonial angle become more defined with the transposition and suspension of the SMAS flap. The SMAS transposition flap along with the suspension of the platysma flap to the mastoid fascia support the submandibular glands and deepen the cervicomental angle. These two approaches are valuable additions to the surgeons armamentarium and can yield excellent results in carefully selected patients.
Data-driven identification of coherent structures in gas–solid system using proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Li Dandan , Zhao Bidan , Wang Junwu
Published: December 2022

Spatiotemporal coherent structures are critical in quantifying the hydrodynamics of dense gas–solid flows. In this study, two data-driven methods, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), are applied to identify and characterize the dominant spatiotemporal coherent structures in a bubbling fluidized bed. It is found that (i) with the same number of modes (or coherent structures), POD captures more defined energy than DMD; (ii) the main coherent structure of POD is symmetric and confirms the existence of bubble-emulsion two-phase structure; (iii) the coherent structures with a frequency of 0 Hz in DMD analysis can construct the mean flow field more reasonably than POD; and (iv) POD reconstructs the transient flow fields more accurately with the same number of modes. This study offers insights into the coherent structures in gas–solid systems.