bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic health records, communication, and data sharing: challenges and opportunities for improving the diagnostic process
Authors: Quinn Martha , Forman Jane , Harrod Molly , Winter Suzanne , Fowler Karen E. , Krein Sarah L. , Gupta Ashwin , Saint Sanjay , Singh Hardeep , Chopra Vineet
Published: November 2018

Background

Diagnosis requires that clinicians communicate and share patient information in an efficient manner. Advances in electronic health records (EHRs) and health information technologies have created both challenges and opportunities for such communication.

Methods

We conducted a multi-method, focused ethnographic study of physicians on general medicine inpatient units in two teaching hospitals. Physician teams were observed during and after morning rounds to understand workflow, data sharing and communication during diagnosis. To validate findings, interviews and focus groups were conducted with physicians. Field notes and interview/focus group transcripts were reviewed and themes identified using content analysis.

Results

Existing communication technologies and EHR-based data sharing processes were perceived as barriers to diagnosis. In particular, reliance on paging systems and lack of face-to-face communication among clinicians created obstacles to sustained thinking and discussion of diagnostic decision-making. Further, the EHR created data overload and data fragmentation, making integration for diagnosis difficult. To improve diagnosis, physicians recommended replacing pagers with two-way communication devices, restructuring the EHR to facilitate access to key information and improving training on EHR systems.

Conclusions

As advances in health information technology evolve, challenges in the way clinicians share information during the diagnostic process will rise. To improve diagnosis, changes to both the technology and the way in which we use it may be necessary.
“The new geography,” material science, and narratology’s space-time dichotomy: Notes toward a geographical narratology
Authors: Easterlin Nancy
Published: November 2018

This essay places narratology’s emphasis on space-time within the emergence of the discipline of geography and the rise of a materialist, hard science orientation in US institutions after WWII, ultimately arguing that a nascent geographical narratology should aspire to the broad intellectual scope of geography’s origins. “The new geography,” which emerged in 1887 and focused comprehensively on the relation of humans to the earth’s surface, subsequently contracted and fragmented with the post-war emphasis on material science. Likewise expanding in the rationalist post-war climate, classical narratology emphasized logical categories, especially the space-time dichotomy, divorced from human meanings. Today, cognitive research suggests that narratology’s enduring space-time paradigm occludes the constructive realities of both human relations to physical locations and reader processes. Drawing on discussions of space in narrative theory and in current cognitive research on navigation, Easterlin demonstrates that readers and viewers, rather than building spatialized storyworlds, construe space in a functional, piecemeal manner. Finally, maintaining that the area ofplace studiesand an ecological approach to reading are two components of a broadly interdisciplinary geographical narratology providing a nuanced, psychologically contextualized approach to human-environment relations and narrative, Easterlin demonstrates their utility in readings of stories by Raymond Carver and Lydia Davis.
Toward a geographical socionarratology
Authors: Hyvärinen Matti
Published: November 2018

Narrative space has attracted increasing attention in recent years, yet this attention only sporadically falls on narrative geography. In this article, I consider the possibility of geographical socionarratology and suggest that a geographical approach is able to enrich the perspective of socionarratology. Correspondingly, a social perspective can enhance the interpretative power of geography. Drawing from Jerome Bruner’s (1990, 1991) narrative theory, “canonicity and breach” as well as Reinhart Kosellek’s (2004) theory on the “existential pair” of expectation and experience, I argue that different geographical locations embody different expectations, emotions, and perspectives of action for characters and storytellers. The contradictory play of contested and conflicting expectations is analyzed more closely by reading Ian McEwan’sThe Children Act(2014), a novel portraying competing family cultures and ethical principles. By connecting geography to expectations, I argue, the interpretative advantages of geography in narratology increase substantially.
Mapped stories: Cartography, history, and the representation of time in space
Authors: Carrard Philippe
Published: November 2018

As novels can be mapped, maps in return can be shown to have a narrative dimension. Maps referring to historical events, for instance those of the invasion of the USSR in June 1941, obviously tell a story. Recounted through graphic means, that story has specific aspects in the areas of order, duration, frequency, authorship, and perspective. Yet, similar in this respect to the descriptions that historians provide, narrative maps are neither neutral, nor whole. Grounded in selection, they necessarily develop an argument, are incomplete, and rely on symbols that are both conventional and arbitrary.
Affording innerscapes: Dreams, introspective imagery and the narrative exploration of personal geographies
Authors: Bernini Marco
Published: November 2018

The essay presents an interdisciplinary theory of what it will call “innerscapes”: artefactual representations of the mind as a spatially extended world. By bringing examples of innerscapes from literature (Kafka’s short storyThe Bridge), radio plays (Samuel Beckett’sEmbers), and a creative documentary about auditory-verbal hallucinations (a voice-hearer’s short film,Adam + 1), it suggests that these spatial renditions of the mind are constructed by transforming the quasi-perceptual elements of inner experience into affording ecologies. In so doing, they enable an enactive exploration of inner worlds as navigable environments. The resulting storyworlds display features that resemble the logic and ontology of dreams. Cognitive research on dreams and cartographical studies of the personal geographies of dreamscapes will thus inform the understanding of what innerscapes are, do and can do if used, as the essay argues they should be, as enhancing devices for what Jesse Butler has called ‘extended introspection” (2013: 95).
The middle, the east, the west of Erin: Narrative disorientation and the production of space
Authors: McAllister Brian J.
Published: November 2018

This essay extends political and aesthetic implications in relationships between space and narrative by investigating narrative strategies that displace or disrupt access to narrative setting, spatiotemporal movement, or the space of narration. I fuse Henri Lefebvre’s work on the social production of space to Gabriel Zoran’s systems of narrative space in order to propose a spatial critique that describes and categorizes ways that narrative is central to the politics of spatial practice. I then apply that spatial critique to Flann O’Brien’s prototypically disorienting novelAt Swim-Two-Birds(1939). In that intersection between critical geography and narrative theory,At Swim-Two-Birdsbecomes a narrative about the complicated interplay between creation and control of space – the way that space is configured and reconfigured through spatial practice.
Narrative space in Ian McEwan’sSaturday: A narratological perspective
Authors: Koron Alenka
Published: November 2018

Although the work of Ian McEwan, one of the most important modern British writers, has been quite thoroughly researched, the narrative space was rarely the subject of narratological treatment. This article tackles a close reading of McEwan’s novelSaturdayfrom a narratological perspective testing the applicability of a series of spatial categories systematized by Marie-Laure Ryan in the already existing narratological tradition and in her own research in narrative space. At the macro level of the story, the circular structure of the novel and the concepts of space as a container and space as a network are being shown and so is the use of local names. In the foreground there is a discussion of the five fundamental levels of narrative space (spatial frames, setting, story space and spaces of intertextuality, storyworld, narrative universe), followed by the treatment of textualization at the micro level (perspectivism and aperspectivism, map, and tour, and the lived experience of space). The analysis of space representation inSaturdayeventually makes it possible to conclude that McEwan promotes the conception of space that became prominent within the spatial turn in postmodern humanities.
Syntax from and for discourse II: More on complex sentences as meso-constructions
Authors: Hampe Beate , Gries Stefan Th.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a direct continuation of preceding corpus-linguistic research on complex sentence constructions with temporal adverbial clauses in a cognitive and usage-based framework (Diessel 2008; Hampe 2015). Working towards a more systematic construction-based account of complex sentences with before-, after-, until- and once-clauses in spontaneously spoken English, Hampe (2015) hypothesised that the morpho-syntactic realisations of configurations with initial adverbial clauses systematically diverge from those of configurations with final ones as a reflection of the specific functionality of each and that usage properties that are found across instantiations with a coherent functional load are retained in the schematisations creating constructions. This paper employs a multinomial regression in order to test to which extent each of eight closely related complex-sentence constructions with either initial or final before-, after-, until- and once-clauses can be predicted from the realisation of a few key morpho-syntactic properties of the respective adverbial and matrix clauses involved. The results support an analysis of complex-sentence constructions as meso-constructions that are not only specific about the subordinator and the positioning of the adverbial clause, but also retain “traces” of characteristic usage properties.
Surface Separation Equilibria and Dynamics of Cationic Dye Loaded onto Citric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Treated Eggshells
Authors: Adeniji Elisha A. , Abodunrin Temitope O. , Ogunnupebi Temitope A. , Koiki Babatunde A. , Olatunde Abimbola M. , Omorogie Martins O.
Published: November 2018

This research enthusiastically highlights the bio-adsorption of methylene blue (MB) by local, poultry, NaOH and citric acid modified ubiquitous eggshell (LES, NLES, CLES, PES, NPES and CPES) adsorbents. The microstructures of these adsorbents indicated that they had some surface functional moieties that were responsible for the adsorption of MB. The Langmuir isotherm and PSO model best fit the experiment data. The largest Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity${q_{max}}$, was 242.47 mg/g, with the largest MB initial concentration of 400 mg/L. This was a clear indication and a confirmation that MB adsorption by the powdered eggshells was chemisorptive. Moreover, the values of$F$, the thickness of the boundary layer/film were$\gt 0$, showing that the rate limiting step for the adsorption process was controlled by more than one diffusion mechanism. The values of$\Delta {G^\circ }$for the adsorption of MB by the adsorbents indicated that the adsorption reactions were all non-feasible and non-spontaneous. The values for$\Delta {S^\circ }$(J/K/mol) for LES, NLES and CPES for the uptake of MB showed decrease in the chaos or degree of randomness of the adsorption reactions, and the reverse was the case for PES, NPES and CLES for the uptake of MB, which showed increase in the chaos or degree of randomness of the adsorption. The adsorption of MB by LES, NLES and CPES gave$\Delta {H^\circ }$(kJ/mol) values which were indicative of endothermic nature of the adsorption systems, and the reverse was the case for the uptake of MB by PES, NPES and CLES, which was indicative of the exothermic nature of the adsorption systems.
Isolation and Screening of Staphylococcus Xylosus P2 from Chinese Bacon: A Novel Starter Culture in Fermented Meat Products
Authors: Meizhong Hu , Jiansheng Yu , Jianping Yu , Yutian Pan , Yixin Ou
Published: November 2018

A novel coagulase negative staphylococci strain as flavor agent for the processing of fermented meat products, Staphylococcus xylosus P2, was screened from Chinese bacon. It was identified on the basis of morphology and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Its proteolytic, lipolytic and nitrate reductive activities were evaluated. And its growth ability at different temperatures, pH, sodium chloride, sodium nitrite concentrations, biogenic amine and pigment were investigated or detected. Furthermore, the fermentation evaluation with S. xylosus P2 as starter culture was carried out. The result showed that the fermented beef jerky was more attractive on the color, odor, texture, tasty and overall acceptability. It indicated that S. xylosus P2 would be a good starter culture for fermented meat products (jerky).
Residuation in non-associative MV-algebras
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut
Published: November 2018

It is well known that every MV-algebra can be converted into a residuated lattice satisfying divisibility and the double negation law. In a previous paper the first author and J. Kühr introduced the concept of an NMV-algebra which is a non-associative modification of an MV-algebra. The natural question arises if an NMV-algebra can be converted into a residuated structure, too. Contrary to MV-algebras, NMV-algebras are not based on lattices but only on directed posets and the binary operation need not be associative and hence we cannot expect to obtain a residuated lattice but only an essentially weaker structure called a conditionally residuated poset. Considering several additional natural conditions we show that every NMV-algebra can be converted in such a structure. Also conversely, every such structure can be organized into an NMV-algebra. Further, we study an a bit more stronger version of an algebra where the binary operation is even monotone. We show that such an algebra can be organized into a residuated poset and, conversely, every residuated poset can be converted in this structure.
An extension of F. Šik’s theorem on modular lattices
Authors: Łazarz Marcin
Published: November 2018

J. Jakubík noted in [JAKUBÍK, J.: Modular Lattice of Locally Finite Length, Acta Sci. Math. 37 (1975), 79–82] that F. Šik in the unpublished manuscript proved that in the class of upper semimodular lattices of locally finite length, modularity is equivalent to the lack of cover-preserving sublattices isomorphic to S
7. In the present paper we extend the scope of Šik’s theorem to the class of upper semimodular, upper continuous and strongly atomic lattices. Moreover, we show that corresponding result of Jakubík from [JAKUBÍK, J.: Modular Lattice of Locally Finite Length, Acta Sci. Math. 37 (1975), 79–82] cannot be strengthened is analogous way.
A modification of a problem of Diophantus
Authors: Harrington Joshua , Jones Lenny
Published: November 2018

An old question, due to Diophantus, asks to find sets of rational numbers such that 1 added to the product of any two elements from the set is a square. We are concerned here with a modification of this question. Lett≥ 2 be an integer, and let 𝔽 be a field. Ford∈ 𝔽, defineft,d: 𝔽t→ 𝔽 as

ft,d(x1,x2,…,xt):=x1x2⋯xt+d.$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle f_{t,d}(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_{t}):=x_1x_2\cdots x_{t}+d. \end{array}$$

For any nonempty subsetSof 𝔽, we say

S  is  ft,d−closed  if  ft,d(x1,x2,…,xt):xi∈S and distinct⊆S.$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle S ~~\text{is}~~ {f_{t,d}-closed} ~~\text{if}~~ \left\{f_{t,d}(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_{t}):x_i\in S\text{ and distinct}\right\}\subseteq S. \end{array}$$

For any integern, witht≤n≤ |𝔽|, let 𝒰(n,t,d) be the union of allft,d-closed subsetsSof 𝔽 with |S|=n.

In this article, we investigate values ofn,t,dfor which 𝒰(n,t,d) = 𝔽, with particular focus ont=n– 1, wheren∈ {3,4}. Moreover, if 𝒰(n,t,d)≠ 𝔽, we determine in many cases the exact elements of the set 𝔽∖ 𝔽(n,t,d).
Caratheodory’s solution of the Cauchy problem and a question of Z. Grande
Authors: Mykhaylyuk Volodymyr , Myronyk Vadym
Published: November 2018

It is shown that for a function f : [a, b] × ℝ → ℝ which is measurable with respect to the first variable and upper semicontinuous quasicontinuous and increasing with respect to the second variable there exists a Caratheodory’s solution

y
(
x
)
=

y
0

+

∫

x
0

x

f
(
t
,
y
(
t
)
)

d

μ
(
t
)

$\begin{array}{}
y(x)=y_0+\int\limits_{x_0}^xf(t,y(t)){\rm d}\mu(t)
\end{array}$

of the Cauchy problem y′(x) = f(x, y(x)) with the initial condition y(x
0) = y
0. There is constructed an example which indicate to essentiality of condition of increasing and give the negative answer to a question of Z. Grande.
Probabilistic convergence transformation groups
Authors: Ahsanullah T. M. G. , Jäger Gunther
Published: November 2018

We introduce a notion of a probabilistic convergence transformation group, and present various natural examples including quotient probabilistic convergence transformation group. In doing so, we construct a probabilistic convergence structure on the group of homeomorphisms and look into a probabilistic convergence group that arises from probabilistic uniform convergence structure on function spaces. Given a probabilistic convergence space, and an arbitrary group, we construct a probabilistic convergence transformation group. Introducing a notion of a probabilistic metric convergence transformation group on a probabilistic metric space, we obtain in a natural way a probabilistic convergence transformation group.
Equivalent conditions of complete convergence for weighted sums of ANA random variables
Authors: Huang Haiwu
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the author investigates the complete convergence for weighted sums of asymptotically negatively associated (ANA) random variables with different distributions, and obtains some equivalent conditions of complete convergence theorem for weighted sums as well as summation of ANA cases. These results generalize and improve the corresponding ones obtained by Baum and Katz (1965), Peligrad and Gut (1999) and Cai (2006), respectively.
The Aquae Station on the Roman Danube Limes Road in Upper Moesia
Authors: Petrović Vladimir P.
Published: November 2018

The Roman road from Singidunum to Ratiaria connected the different fortifications and civil settlements along the limes in Upper Moesia. Aquae (Prahovo) had a favorable strategic position near the mouth of the Timok River that flowed into the Danube and a peculiar character in the military and civil context. It was built at the same time as a Danubian port center which had, without doubt, a large military importance in connection with the conquest of Dacia and commercial significance in relation to mining activities.
Antiquization processes in the Macedonian, Kazakh and Turkmen National Narratives: Visual constructs that shape political conceptions
Authors: Rogoś Agata
Published: November 2018

The goal of this chapter is to conduct the analysis of the national symbols systems in the public space of Skopje (Macedonia), Astana (Kazakhstan) and Aşgabat (Turkmenistan) that are being represented in national political discourses along with a wide interpretation and contextualization in the framework of the postsocialist process of reconstruction of national symbolism in order to indicate identity and restoration structures and development of the actual national discourse in Macedonia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. In the actual process of reconstruction of national symbols system in analyzed cultural traditions it is important to underline the influence of nationalist ideology, which both in the Balkans and Central Asia has appeared in the form of ethno-nationalisms, where such factors as: language, history, culture and religion have been of crucial importance for construction of the idea of community that defined particular ethnos. One of the most influential tools of national ideology is taking the advantage of historical arguments aiming to expose the previous control over certain territory through the power structure, introduced by the present day nation.
The “Sacred River” Toward God: Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Phenomenology of Religious Experience
Authors: Verducci Daniela
Published: November 2018

In 1988, Tymieniecka explored the religious phenomenon, pursuing the spiritual experience of the sacred as it surges in the life of our soul. She described three movements of the human soul that lead to revelation of the spiritual experience of the sacred. A first movement of “radical examination” is followed by one of “exalted existence” in which the soul proceeds beyond the usual reflection on the interior of the ongoing current of life. Here, we experience sadness at not being able to transcend our finiteness. When the screen of objectivity is broken, the soul surprisingly does not plunge again into its underground turmoil; on the contrary, it dives into the life-giving waters of an underground stream which, like a “sacred river”, flows imperturbably and silently. On this basis, the soul can move “toward transcending”, and lay the groundwork for the life of the spirit, which seeks the Other from finiteness. Tymieniecka stopped at this threshold in 1988. In 2008, she reiterated that from her phenomenology of life no theology had arisen, and yet she hinted that glimpses in this direction had opened with the start of a metaphysics of the fullness of the logos in a vital key.
Soziale Ungleichheit, sozialer Zusammenhalt und Gesundheit
Authors: Ehresmann Cona , Badura Bernhard
Published: November 2018

Kaum ein anderes Thema hat die sozialepidemiologische Forschung so anhaltend dominiert wie die soziale Ungleichheit. Es ist der unbestreitbare Verdienst einer weltweiten Public Health Community, die Aufmerksamkeit einer breiten Öffentlichkeit auf hier bestehenden Handlungsbedarf zu lenken. Wie aber steht es um das Zusammenwirken von sozialer Ungleichheit, sozialem Zusammenhalt und Gesundheit? Dieser Frage geht der Artikel auf Basis von empirischen Daten von 5.727 Beschäftigten nach.
Psychosoziale Determinanten gesundheitsrelevanten Verhaltens
Authors: von Lengerke Thomas
Published: November 2018

Psychosoziale Determination gesundheitsrelevanten Verhaltens meint das Zusammenwirken sozialer und psychischer Faktoren auf Verhaltensweisen, die die Gesundheit beeinflussen. Das Zusammenwirken kann vermittelnde (mediierende) und effektmodifizierende (moderierende) Prozesse beinhalten. Der Beitrag gibt Beispiele für diese Prozesse und diskutiert psychosoziale Verhaltensdeterminanten im Hinblick auf ihre Bedeutung zur Erklärung und Reduktion von gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten nach sozialer Lage.
Soziale Ungleichheit bei der Mundgesundheit in Deutschland
Authors: Micheelis Wolfgang , Geyer Siegfried
Published: November 2018

Zahnkaries und Parodontitis stellen international die beiden Haupterkrankungen der Zahnmedizin dar. Wegen der starken Verhaltensabhängigkeit (Mundhygiene) beider Erkrankungsbilder werden die sozialschichtspezifischen Verteilungsmuster für Deutschland betrachtet. Statistische Grundlage sind bevölkerungsrepräsentative Erhebungen der Jahre 1997, 2005 und 2014. Es zeigt sich, dass einerseits die Krankheitslasten von Zahnkaries und Parodontitis deutlich zurückgegangen sind und andererseits, dass auch aktuell erhebliche Prävalenzunterschiede nach Schulbildung festzustellen sind.
Die sozialkompensatorische Funktion des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes
Authors: Rieger-Ndakorerwa Gudrun , Nießen Johannes , Wildner Manfred
Published: November 2018

Die in den Landesgesetzgebungen geregelten Aufgaben des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD) sind vielfältig, häufig umwelt- bzw. systembezogen und das Tätigkeitsspektrum ist breit gefächert. Seit jeher kommt vielen Tätigkeitsfeldern des ÖGD auch eine personenbezogene sozialkompensatorische Funktion zu, im Bemühen um sozialen Ausgleich und faire Gesundheitschancen für alle. Dieser Ansatz wird anhand von Beispielen aus dem schul(zahn)ärztlichen Dienst, der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung, den frühen Hilfen, den sozialpsychiatrischen Diensten und der Versorgung Geflüchteter verdeutlicht. Eine fachliche Vertiefung und Weiterentwicklung ist aus modernen Public Health-nahen Ansätzen wie der Gesundheitsberichterstattung und der gegenwärtigen Leitbilddiskussion im ÖGD zu erwarten.
Sozioökonomischer Status und Krebs
Authors: Pritzkuleit Ron , Katalinic Alexander
Published: November 2018

Mit rund 475.000 Neuerkrankungen pro Jahr ist Krebs eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen in Deutschland. Wie bei anderen Erkrankungen zeigen sich auch bei Krebs Zusammenhänge zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status und der Erkrankungshäufigkeit bzw. der Krankheitsprognose. Anders als bei den meisten anderen Erkrankungen gibt es jedoch bei einigen Krebsarten einen positiven Zusammenhang, d.h. mit steigendem Sozialstatus steigt auch die Erkrankungshäufigkeit. Bezüglich der Prognose ist der Zusammenhang negativ.
Sozialmedizin und Sozialhygiene in Deutschland: ein historischer Rückblick
Authors: Gostomzyk Johannes
Published: November 2018

Die „Soziale Frage“ in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts machte auch Ungleichheiten in der Verteilung von Gesundheitschancen in der Bevölkerung deutlich. Gesundheitspolitisch engagierte Ärzte forderten ein Recht auf Gesundheit auch für besitzlose Bürger und eine sozial ausgerichtete medizinische Versorgung; beides habe der Staat zu garantieren. Das Ergebnis waren schließlich die von Bismarck initiierten Sozialversicherungen mit gesetzlich verordneter Solidarität der Betroffenen. Dazu entwickelt wurde die Sozialhygiene als bevölkerungsbezogene Gesundheitspflege und eine soziale Medizin als solidarisch organisierte Hilfe zur Krankenversorgung. Der Beitrag skizziert die historische Entwicklung in Deutschland.
Soziale Ungleichheit der Inanspruchnahme kommunaler Bewegungsangebote
Authors: Weyers Simone , Kreffter Katharina , Wahl Stefanie
Published: November 2018

Angesichts sozialer Ungleichheit körperlicher Aktivität bei Kindern prüfen wir, ob sich die Teilnahme an kommunalen Bewegungsangeboten nach Bildung der Eltern und Migrationshintergrund unterscheidet. Dazu wurden Eltern bei der Schuleingangsuntersuchung befragt. Kinder von Eltern mit niedriger Bildung nahmen seltener an Angeboten teil als Kinder von Eltern mit höherer Bildung. Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund nahmen ebenfalls seltener an Angeboten teil als Kinder ohne Migrationshintergrund. Soziallagensensible Ansprache und Bedarfsanalysen könnten die Teilnahme steigern.
Gesundheitsbildung für alle: Das Konzept des „Nationalen Aktionsplans zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz“
Authors: Hurrelmann Klaus , Schaeffer Doris
Published: November 2018

Das Gesundheitswissen der Bevölkerung ist erschreckend niedrig und wird den Anforderungen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens nicht mehr gerecht. Defizite in der Gesundheitskompetenz führen zu einem schlechten Gesundheitsstatus und zu gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit. In Reaktion hierauf haben viele Regierungen „Nationale Aktionspläne“ (NAP) entwickelt. In diesem Beitrag wird der deutsche NAP beschrieben. Er definiert 15 Ziele, um die Kompetenz der Bevölkerung zu verbessern, mit Gesundheitsinformationen umzugehen. Ziel ist es, über lebenslange Gesundheitsbildung den Gesundheitsstand der Bevölkerung anzuheben und gesundheitliche Ungleichheit zu reduzieren.
Sozial bedingte Ungleichheiten in der Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit: Empirische Belege und Herausforderungen für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Kuntz Benjamin
Published: November 2018

Die Chance auf ein gesundes Heranwachsen ist in Deutschland für Kinder und Jugendliche verschiedener sozialer Statusgruppen ungleich verteilt. Der Beitrag berichtet aktuelle Ergebnisse zur gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit im Kindes- und Jugendalter und diskutiert Stellschrauben der Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention in Kita und Schule, die zur Verbesserung der Gesundheit und zur Reduzierung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten beitragen können.
Heilende Worte
Authors: Quarch Christoph , Schröder Hartmut
Published: November 2018

The notion of therapeutic communication was spread mainly by Paul Watzlawick. He is building on antique roots and argues that the working principles are known since the antique and were wide spread in the art of healing. The famous statement of the sophist Antiphon from Athena »I can heal the sick with words« Watzlawick explains in the context of rhetoric and he refers explicitly to the »somatic rhetoric« of Quinitilian and his Instituto Oratoria. For a better understanding of this statement the Socratic art of speech will be introduced practically, which shows itself in contrast to the rhetoric of sophism: as talk room of truth in opposition to a talk room of method. Even the giving of a remedy is indispensably connected with the dialog between the physician and the patient and only in this combination a catharsis is enabled. The working principles of the therapeutic communication relate to all areas of rhetoric, that means not only inventio, dispositio and elocutio but also actio and pronuntatio as well as the whole context of speech.
Die ärztliche Aufforderung zur Unterschrift
Authors: Bührig Kristin , Meyer Bernd
Published: November 2018

This article discusses how patients consent to medical treatment. More specifically, we shall look at how doctors prompt patients to sign consent forms. The analysis of consent forms and transcripts from authentic doctor-patient interactions shows that physicians treat the act of signing the form as a mere routine that is only loosely connected to the act of consenting to the proposed treatment. The use of the irrealis mode creates a distance between the here and now of the interaction and the request to sign the form. Thus, the institutional significance of the signature becomes blurred. We shall call the rhetorical procedures used in this process a »camouflage « to highlight the fact that the institutional and juridical value of the signature is minimized.
Microdrilling of AA (6351)-SiC-B4C Composite Using Hybrid Micro-ECDM Process
Authors: Uthayakumar M. , Thirumalai Kumaran S. , Adam Khan M. , Skoczypiec Sebastian , Bizon Wojciech
Published: November 2018

In the present work, the microdrilling of a metal matrix composite (MMC) is performed by a combination of microelectrical discharge and electrochemical machining (the hybrid micro-ECDM process). The difficulties on machining the cohesive regions on the composite are studied through the control of machining parameters. The kerf/side gap of the holes, energetic regimes on the machined surface, and the surface texture are analyzed through optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopic images. From the observed results, it is found that the machining time increases with an increase in the discharge current and decrease in voltage. The fluctuations in material removal and the eccentricity towards the microdrill are also due to the change in current amplitude. Further, the formation of recast layer and the micropores on the machined surface are analyzed, and it is found that they are not completely eliminated but can be reduced with a change in process parameters.
A Knowledge-Enriched Computational Model to Support Lifecycle Activities of Computational Models in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Heng , Roy Utpal
Published: November 2018

Because of the needs in developing industrial community modeling and simulation platforms for smart manufacturing, a Knowledge-Enriched Computational Model (KECM) is proposed in this article to formally capture domain knowledge and integrate that knowledge with standardized computational models. To support model development in a distributed environment, the KECM can be used as the medium for formal information sharing between model developers. A case study has been developed to demonstrate the utilization of the KECM in supporting the construction of a Bayesian Network model between a domain expert and data analyst. To support model deployment, a general method to support the integration of computational models into a manufacturing data system has been presented. A case study has been developed to show the data integration of an optimization model into a Business To Manufacturing Markup Language-based manufacturing system. Finally, a general model to support the combination of computational models have been presented. A case study has been developed to show the combination of an Agent-based model and a Decision Tree model using the KECM.
INTERVENÇÃO SOCIAL DO EMPRESARIADO E A REFORMA DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Noronha Jardim Tânia Horsth
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo pretende levantar o debate sobre a intervenção social do empresariado, através da entrada em cena do fenômeno da responsabilidade social no terreno empresarial, destacando três acontecimentos emblemáticos que marcam a emergência do fenômeno no Brasil: o Prêmio ECO[1] (1982), a fundação do Pensamento Nacional das Bases Empresariais (PNBE), em 1987, e do Grupo de Institutos e Fundações Empresariais (GIFE), em 1995. Partimos do pressuposto que estes programas abarcam uma proposta de ação social empresarial direcionada para um projeto hegemônico de sociedade, centrada no mercado, e que decorre da Reforma do Estado Brasileiro implementada na década de 1990.

 

[1] Assim denominado pelo significado da palavra: ressonância, repetição de um som emitido, propagação ou disseminação de uma ideia.
A ARROGÂNCIA DO SUBDESENVOLVIMENTO VERDE E AMARELO
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo analisa a questão inerente ao irrazoável rigor com o qual os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo tratam a questão dos medicamentos no Brasil, exigindo-se receita médica até mesmo para medicamentos simples, sobrecarregando o Sistema de Saúde Público, que se encontra em situação reconhecidamente caótica. Trata-se de mais um exemplo dos excessos de ingerência do Estado brasileiro em assuntos que muitas vezes podem ser identificados como de natureza privada, sem qualquer benefício para a população, o que se convencionou denominar por a arrogância do subdesenvolvimento.
Factors of Loss to Follow-up Antiretroviral Therapy in Islanded Area
Authors: Boro Thomas Laga , Paun Rafael , Pellokila Marthen R
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Loss to follow-up of antiretroviral therapy is when PLWHA (People Living with HIV/AIDS) do not come for antiretroviral therapy for more than 3 months. This study aimed to determine the factors of loss to follow-up antiretroviral therapy for PLWHA at Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang Public Hospital where PLWHA with land, water and air transportation are served. This was a case control study with 66 samples of PLWHA. The samples underwent antiretroviral therapy in Prof. Dr.W.Z. Johannes Kupang Public Hospital from 2006 to 2016. Saturated sampling technique was done for cases group and simple random sampling was done for control group. Univariate and bivariate data analysis were done in this study. The result of bivariate analysis showed that there were association between intention (p = 0.004, OR = 4.667), self efficacy (p = 0.0001, OR = 7.875), action (p = 0.0001, OR = 45.000), transportation mode (p = 0.046, OR = 0.200), and transport costs (p = 0.0001, OR 19.333) and loss to follow-up antiretroviral therapy. It could be concluded that transportation and behavior were the major problems for the loss to follow up antiretroviral therapy in the islanded area.

 

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy, loss to follow-up, islanded area

 

ABSTRAK

Gagal follow-up antiretroviral therapy adalah  jika ODHA (Orang dengan HIV/AIDS) tidak menjalani terapi antireroviral lebih dari 3 bulan  terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor gagal follow-up antiretroviral therapy pada ODHA di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang yang melayani para ODHA dengan moda transportasi darat, air, dan udara. Desain penelitian ini adalah case control. Sampel sebanyak 66 ODHA yang menjalani antiretroviral therapy di RSUD Prof. Dr.W.Z. Johannes Kupang sejak tahun 2006 sampai 2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh untuk kelompok kasus dan simple random sampling untuk kelompok kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan prosentase untuk univariat dan bivariat. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada pengaruh niat (p = 0,004, OR = 4,667), self efficacy (p = 0,0001, OR = 7,875), tindakan (p = 0,0001, OR = 45,000), moda transportasi (p = 0,046, OR = 0,200), dan biaya transportasi (p = 0,0001, OR 19,333) terhadap gagal  follow up terapi antiretroviral. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa masalah utama gagal follow up terapi antiretroviral di wilayah berkepulauan ini adalah transportasi dan perilaku.

 

Kata Kunci: HIV/AIDS,  terapi antiretroviral, gagal follow up, wilayah berkepulauan.
Reduced expression of thyroid hormone receptor β in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Krause Christin , Grohs Martina , El Gammal Alexander T , Wolter Stefan , Lehnert Hendrik , Mann Oliver , Mittag Jens , Kirchner Henriette
Published: November 2018

Hepatic thyroid hormone signaling has an important role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While the systemic levels of thyroid hormone might remain stable, there is evidence that the intracellular signaling machinery consisting of transporters, deiodinases and receptors could be altered in NASH. However, clinical material from human liver biopsies of individuals with NASH has not been studied to date. In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed 85 liver biopsies from patients with different stages of NASH that underwent bariatric surgery. Using qPCR, we analyzed gene expression of thyroid hormone transporters NTCP (SLC10A1), MCT8 (SLC16A2) and OATP1C1 (SLCO1C1), thyroid hormone receptor α and β (THRA and THRB) and deiodinase type I, II and III (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3). The expression was correlated with serum TSH, triglyceride, HbA1c and NASH score and corrected for age or gender if required. While DIO2, DIO3 and SLCO1C1 were not expressed in human liver, we observed a significant negative correlation of THRB and DIO1 with age, and SLC16A2 with gender. THRB expression was also negatively associated with serum triglyceride levels and HbA1c. More importantly, its expression was inversely correlated with NASH score and further declined with age. Our data provide unique insight into the mRNA expression of thyroid hormone transporters, deiodinases and receptors in the human liver. The findings allow important conclusions on the intrahepatic mechanisms governing thyroid hormone action, indicating a possible tissue resistance to the circulating hormone in NASH, which becomes more prominent in advanced age.
Similitudes y diferencias entre “ironía romántica” y la figura del Espíritu denominada “alma bella” en la filosofía de Hegel
Authors: Alfaro Carlos Víctor
Published: November 2018

Numerosos intérpretes asumen que Hegel incluía implícitamente a los ironistas dentro del elenco de pensadores cuya filosofía puede clasificarse como el pensamiento de un “alma bella”. Observamos una estrecha relación entre la mencionada figura del Espíritu y la ironía romántica. Pero dicho vínculo no puede confundirse con la identificación entre una y otra. El “alma bella” se desdobla en dos lados: la conciencia juzgante y la conciencia actuante. La primera proclama que intuye la ley moral y juzga las acciones de la conciencia que actúa según la normatividad intuida. La segunda sostiene que actúa según su interpretación particular del deber. La conciencia irónica es confundida con la conciencia actuante. Veremos más adelante que la analogía adolece de una serie de falencias que no permiten sostener la similitud.
El entusiasmo de la Revolución. Sobre la filiación kantiana del último Foucault
Authors: López de Lizaga José Luís
Published: November 2018

Este artículo se pregunta si los últimos escritos de Foucault, pertenecientes ya a la década de 1980, superan el déficit normativo que autores como Nancy Fraser o Jürgen Habermas habían criticado en la obra foucaultiana anterior. Y se argumenta que los últimos textos siguen siendo vulnerables a esas críticas, a pesar del giro hacia la cuestión ética del “cuidado de sí” y a pesar de la reivindicación del legado kantiano e ilustrado. En esta argumentación, la comparación de las ideas de Foucault y Kant sobre las revoluciones y su legitimidad es determinante para comprender las dificultades normativas de la producción foucaultiana tardía.
OCMA: Fast, Memory-Efficient Factorization of Prohibitively Large Relationship Matrices
Authors: Xiong Zhi , Zhang Qingrun , Platt Alexander , Liao Wenyuan , Shi Xinghua , de los Campos Gustavo , Long Quan
Published: November 2018

Matrices representing genetic relatedness among individuals (i.e., Genomic Relationship Matrices, GRMs) play a central role in genetic analysis. The eigen-decomposition of GRMs (or its alternative that generates fewer top singular values using genotype matrices) is a necessary step for many analyses including estimation of SNP-heritability, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and genomic prediction. However, the GRMs and genotype matrices provided by modern biobanks are too large to be stored in active memory. To accommodate the current and future “bigger-data”, we develop a disk-based tool, Out-of-Core Matrices Analyzer (OCMA), using state-of-the-art computational techniques that can nimbly perform eigen and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analyses. By integrating memory mapping (mmap) and the latest matrix factorization libraries, our tool is fast and memory-efficient. To demonstrate the impressive performance of OCMA, we test it on a personal computer. For full eigen-decomposition, it solves an ordinary GRM (N = 10,000) in 55 sec. For SVD, a commonly used faster alternative of full eigen-decomposition in genomic analyses, OCMA solves the top 200 singular values (SVs) in half an hour, top 2,000 SVs in 0.95 hr, and all 5,000 SVs in 1.77 hr based on a very large genotype matrix (N = 1,000,000, M = 5,000) on the same personal computer. OCMA also supports multi-threading when running in a desktop or HPC cluster. Our OCMA tool can thus alleviate the computing bottleneck of classical analyses on large genomic matrices, and make it possible to scale up current and emerging analytical methods to big genomics data using lightweight computing resources.
Fishes from Complex A offerings of Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City, Mexico)
Authors: Guzmán Ana Fabiola
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the fish remains found in the 11 offerings known as Com- plex A, deposited around the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, the main ceremonial building of the Mexica culture. The study of over 35,000 fish remains showed that 391 individuals from 63 species and 35 families were present. Seven species were particularly important because of the number of individuals and their frequency, although the only fish found in all the offerings was the sawfish (Pristis). Only marine species were included in the offerings, most of which came from the Atlantic Ocean. Many of the fish had a taxidermic preparation of one kind or another. The offerings placed directly in the fill were noticeably less diverse compared to the offerings placed in ashlar stone boxes. Although some of the offered species were related to the ones men- tioned by the Aztec historian Sahagún, ethnohistorical sources provide little information about marine fish and their ritual use; hence the importance of proper recovery and study of those re- mains as the primary and almost exclusive source of the relationship between the Mexica people and this faunal resource.
Thermal characterization of different graphite polystyrene
Authors: Lakatos Á. , Deák I. , Berardi U.
Published: November 2018

The development of high performance insulating materials incorporating nanotechnologies has enabled considerable decrease in the effective thermal conductivity. Besides the use of conventional insulating materials, such as mineral fibers, the adoption of new nano-technological materials such as aerogel, vacuum insulation panels, graphite expanded polystyrene, is growing. In order to reduce the thermal conductivity of polystyrene insulation materials, during the manufacturing, nano/micro-sized graphite particles are added to the melt of the polystyrene grains. The mixing of graphite flakes into the polystyrene mould further reduces the lambda value, since graphite parts significantly reflect the radiant part of the thermal energy. In this study, laboratory tests carried out on graphite insulation materials are presented. Firstly, thermal conductivity results are described, and then sorption kinetic curves at high moisture content levels are shown. The moisture up-taking behaviour of the materials was investigated with a climatic chamber where the relative humidity was 90% at 293 K temperature. Finally, calorific values of the samples are presented after combusting in a bomb calorimeter.
Investigation of interoperability between building information modelling (BIM) and building energy simulation (BES)
Authors: Chen S. , Jin R. , Alam M.
Published: November 2018

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become an emerging digital technology in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. There is a growing demand on applying BIM for sustainable design including the building energy simulation (BES). Lack of sufficient interoperability has caused barriers to utilize the information from BIM for BES. In this study, the interoperability between BIM and four different BES tools (i.e., Ecotect, EQUEST, Design Builder and IES-VE) was explored by using a case study of a residential building in the design stage. The misrepresented information from BIM to multiple BES tools were identified based on six different categories of building information parameters. The research proposed an approach of creating gbXML file with an improved integrity of information in BIM. Overall, this study would lead to further work in developing platforms for improving the information transformation from BIM to BES.
O movimento feminista no Brasil sob a ótica do Behaviorismo radical
Authors: Sousa dos Santos Luana , Valverde Mirella Hoschette Dearo , Rubio Adriana Regina
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar o movimento feminista no Brasil sob a ótica do Behaviorismo Radical. Observa-se que contingências de reforço mantidas por um grupo podem ser denominadas contingências culturais e caracterizam-se num nível de seleção pelas consequências - o nível de seleção cultural que fora proposto por F.Skinner a fim de compreender melhor o ser humano, completando as indagações que não podiam ser respondidas adequadamente pela seleção natural (ou filogenia) e a seleção operante (ontogenia). Assim, é possível compreender que o movimento feminista é uma prática cultural composta de metacontingências, em que há contingências entrelaçadas com recorrência envolvidas. Com estas concepções foi é possível analisar que o movimento feminista possibilitou  mudanças nas práticas culturais do Brasil. Mudanças que envolvem diversas áreas de atuação da mulher: seja na esfera familiar, política e do mercado de trabalho.