bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Educational Attainment among School Children from Vulnerable Communities after Interventions of Effortless Walking Versus Strenuous Sporting Activity
Authors: Mualem Raed
Published: April 2024

Background: This study investigates the impact of effortless walking (aerobic exercise) versus strenuous sporting activity (anaerobic exercise) on educational attainment among elementary school children. The focus is on how different intensities of physical activity affect cognitive functions like memory, concentration, and higher-order thinking skills. Materials and Methods: The research included 50 fourth-grade students. They underwent tests measuring concentration, recall, understanding, application, and analysis of knowledge, first without exercise, then after effortless walking, and finally following strenuous exercise. Results: Effortless walking significantly improved concentration (255% increase), recall (54.3% increase), understanding (42% increase), application (33% increase), and analysis of knowledge (66% increase). In contrast, strenuous exercise often resulted in a decrease in these cognitive functions compared to effortless walking. Conclusion: The study concludes that short periods of non-strenuous exercise like effortless walking before lessons significantly enhance cognitive functions and educational performance in elementary school children, suggesting the integration of aerobic exercise into school routines could be beneficial for academic achievement.
Pharmacologic Management of Parkinsonism and Other Movement Disorders
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: April 2024

Parkinsonism and other movement disorders constitute a diverse group of neurodegenerative conditions characterized by disturbances in motor control. This abstract provides an overview of the pharmacologic management strategies employed in the treatment of these disorders. Parkinson's disease, the most prevalent form of Parkinsonism, is primarily managed through dopaminergic therapies aimed at replenishing dopamine levels or enhancing its effects in the central nervous system. Levodopa, a precursor of dopamine, remains the gold standard, often combined with dopaminergic agonists or monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors for optimal efficacy.In addition to Parkinson's disease, other movement disorders such as essential tremor, dystonia, and chorea pose unique challenges. Beta-blockers and anticonvulsants, like primidone, are commonly prescribed for essential tremor, while dystonia may respond to anticholinergic agents or botulinum toxin injections. Huntington's disease, characterized by chorea, is managed through dopamine-depleting agents, tetrabenazine being a notable example.Recent advances in pharmacotherapy include the development of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists and glutamate receptor modulators, providing promising alternatives and adjuncts to traditional therapies. However, challenges such as medication-induced side effects, disease progression, and the need for personalized treatment plans persist.This abstract underscore the evolving landscape of pharmacologic interventions for managing Parkinsonism and other movement disorders. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, coupled with ongoing research efforts, promises to enhance therapeutic options and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by these debilitating conditions.
Rituximab in the Treatment of LRP4-Antibody-Positive Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report
Authors: Du Xinli
Published: April 2024

Antibodies against LRP4 were found in 2-4% of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). LRP4-antibody-positive (LRP4+) MG presents with more severe disease with bulbar involvement. No standard treatment guideline has been established for this subtype. We identified a LRP4+MG patient with severe symptoms including bulbar dysfunction that were refractory to standard therapy. Rituximab was started due to treatment failure with standard therapy. At the time of initiation of rituximab, patient was on plasmapheresis every 1-2 weeks. Her work and quality of life were greatly compromised. Six weeks after initiating rituximab therapy, remarkable improvements in dyspnea, dysphagia, ptosis, and proximal limb muscle strength were reported without adverse events. Improvements in 3 standardized Myasthenia Gravis scoring systems were observed. The maintenance plasmapheresis was discontinued and pyridostigmine dose decreased by 50% because of sufficient symptom control. Stable improvement was achieved with rituximab maintenance therapy spaced 5 months apart. Our case demonstrates rapid onset of efficacy of rituximab in patient with refractory LRP4+MG. This response and the proposed mechanism of action of LPR4-Ab suggest that the efficacy of rituximab in LRP4+MG may parallel that in MuSK+MG. Further exploration of this treatment option is warranted.
Modification of Hayami value-added analysis calculations in the processing of cayenne pepper
Authors: Padapi Astrini , R. Fitriani , Wulandary Ayu , Haryono Iranita
Published: April 2024

The problem in this research is the durability of the chili harvested and the fluctuations in the price of chili that are not certain. This opportunity to improve the standard of living did not last long because many chilies from other regions flooded the surrounding markets and were more in demand by consumers because they were cheaper. This situation is very worrying because it impacts the decline in selling power so that there is a buildup of harvests and spoilage of chilies. The above problems must be the attention of all parties to find the best solution so that farmers can take advantage of opportunities. Efforts taken to extend the shelf life of chili are applying chili processing technology to food products, such as chili shreds. This research aims to assist farmers in increasing their income and getting solutions to their business problems audience for other researchers. Analysis of the data used in this study is the analysis of added value (Added Value). The Hayami method is carried out in two stages, the first stage is calculating output, input and price, and then the second stage is calculating revenue and advantage. In this study, the Hayami method was used, adapted to the modification, which was the basis of calculation using the value of money. The management of fresh cayenne pepper commodities to shredded cayenne pepper is feasible to run. The added value of shredded cayenne pepper products is Rp 145,000/kg with every Rp 1, the product’s value contains an added value of Rp 145. It proves that the use of fresh cayenne pepper into shredded cayenne pepper is a profitable business and can help reduce damage to easily damaged chilies. If not sold immediately.
Stone Age Kamchatka: Transition from Palaeolithic to Neolithic
Authors:   Northeastern State University, Magadan, Russian Federation  E-mail: ponkratova1@yandex.ru, Ponkratova Irina Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article describes general and peculiar features of transition from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic on the Kamchatka peninsula. The findings are obtained through studying multi-layered camps of Ushki and artefact of Anavgay II and Razdelny II sites. The objective of the article is to systematize archaeological and stratigraphic materials, both the new ones and the ones already existing in the scholarly discourse. The objective implies description of the functioning of the human culture in the Stone Age Kamchatka with regards to the dynamics of natural complexes. It is established that the peculiarity of the transition from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic on the Kamchatka peninsula is three consequent and differently looking tangible culture complexes: the Final Palaeolithic (~13.3–12.5 thousand years B.P. calibrated; 12.0–10.1 thousand years B.P. calibrated) and the Mesolithic (~9.9–8.6 thousand years B.P. calibrated). The peculiarities of the first complex imply bifacial arrowheads and darts with shafts, stone embellishments (pendants, beads), artificial organic colourings; distinctive feature of the second complex is evidence of using the micro plate technology (Yūbetsu technique); the third complex is represented with the micro lithic technique of tool production and plate- and flake-based tool sets. The population of all complexes is characterized with appropriating economy based on preying on different animal and bird species, fishing and gathering. Two Late Pleistocene cultural complexes are typical for the Final Palaeolithic Eurasia and America in terms of their settlement arrangements, stone industry, economy and symbolic behaviour. The third period demonstrates the Early Holocene age and certain materials, which makes it associated with the Mesolithic. The Mesolithic complexes’ stone industry shows predominant items based on prismatic plates. There is no ceramics found. There are common features with the Mesolithic cultures of Eurasia. The dynamic and migration of the Kamchatka population in the researched period was linked to the volcanic activity, endogenous landscape formation and associated consequences.
New Natural Science Research of Paleolithic Sites in the Southern Transurals
Authors:   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language and Literature UFRC RAS (Ufa), Kotov Vyacheslav G. , Kurmanov Ravil G. ,   Institute of Geology of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation, Ufa), Nikolaev Sergej Yu. ,   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language and Literature UFRC RAS (Ufa), Rumiantsev Mikhail M. ,   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language and Literature UFRC RAS (Ufa), Khurmaev Anvar A. ,   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language and Literature UFRC RAS (Ufa)
Published: April 2024

Currently known dozens of paleolithic sites in the Southern Urals are surface sites. This situation limits dating of the collections with primarily typological equivalents. Over the recent years the course of research has been unfolding near Kusimovo village in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan. The research discovered a range of sites with materials dated back to the lower and early middle Palaeolithic. These are Kusimovo-6 and Kusimovo-7 workshop-sites and Kusimovo-8 scattered workshop-site, etc. They were studied with archaeological excavations and reseach pits. The researchers gathered substantial collections of stone items and studied their stratigraphy. The reseach pits at Kusimovo-8 scattered workshop-site and Kusimovo-6 workshop-site and paleoecological analysis revealed alternating warm humid and drought periods throughout the Neopleistocene. The researchers managed to narrow down the time frame based on two OSL dates, i.e. 258±13 and 136±9 thousand years ago. They indicate that the age of the deposits with lower and middle Paleolithic finds in this microdistrict dates back the middle Neopleistocene (MIS 6). Kyzyl-Yar-2 workshop-site in Baymaksky District of Bashkortostan is found with Acheulean items (hand axes, rough scrapers, archaic nucleuses, tsaldis, etc.). These items are concealed inside the rock constellations and large stones under exposed jasper. The spore & pollen analysis shows that gaps between the rocks and stones were filled with soil during different periods of the end of the late Neopleistocene and Holocene. The OSL date 20±4 thousand years ago confirms this conclusion. Thus, it is established that Kyzyl-Yar-2 workshop-site's cultural layers of the Lower Palaeolithic were washed out several times in different geological periods. It resulted in partial mixing and slight dislocation of the material. It implies a more thorough selection of the finds and fragments in the given site. The new researches used data of other related sciences and obtained additional information about the na[1]ture of the geological deposits and the age of Palaeolithic sites from the Southern Transurals.
The only ancient rock images of the Russian European Arctic (Chalmn-Varre, Kanozero, Piyva, Mike)
Authors:   Institute of the History of Material Culture RAS (Russian Federation, St. Pererburg, Shumkin Vladimir Y.
Published: April 2024

Over the past 50 years (1973–2023), as the result of the researches by the Kola archaeological expedition of the Leningrad Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR/IHMC RAS (since 1991), its employees discovered and studied the petroglyphs of Chalmn-Varre, Kanozero and pisanitsy on the Rybachy Peninsula (Pyaiva and Mayka) in the Murmansk region. Since other rock ensembles of the Russian European North (Karelian and Vishera) are located south of the Arctic Circle, only these Kola objects can reasonably be recognized as the only monuments of ancient monumental creativity of the Russian European Arctic that have so far survived. It is likely that if hundreds of small petroglyphic collections and all the writings of Fennoscandia were “chamber” sanctuaries for small groups of the ancient population, then large galleries served the same purposes for large communities, including not one, but perhaps dozens of settlements, distant from such famous places of worship over considerable distances. The sanctuaries themselves were a gathering place during certain agreed periods and served for joint ritualistic actions: celebrations, initiations, etc. Relics of monumental art are fascinating, complex and multifaceted objects of study. Their use as a source in historical and cultural developments, art history, the evolution of intelligence and cognitive psychology, religion and mythology requires careful archaeological analysis. To successfully work through this subject, in the first place it is necessary to carefully and accurately document images, determine the exact age, and give comparative characteristics (style, carving/drawing technique, composition, landscape environment, microrelief) of various places of ancient rock art. In connection with the development of new technical and natural methods, significant progress has recently been achieved in this “field”. This progress is the most obvious when specialists from different countries work together.
Abrasive Saws of the Middle Urals and Some Aspects of Their Use in Antiquity
Authors:   Russian State Professional Pedagogical University, Branch in Nizhny Tagil (Nizhny Tagil), Serikov Yurii B.
Published: April 2024

In the Middle Transurals, stones started to get sawed with abrasive saws in the Neolithic era and was widely used in the Eneolithic. The author studied 129 abrasive saws and 153 items with traces of sawing. They respectively originate from 26 and 22 archaeological sites. Usually there are one or two saws at the site (11 and 5 sites, respectively). But some sites appeared to have dozens of them (Shaitanskoye Lake I – 13; Ust-Vagilsky hill – 19; Yurino IV – 22). They are found both in settlements, sites, and in sanctuaries. Saws are mainly represented by fragments from 1.5 to 24.5 cm long. Moreover, they were broken intentionally. There are few whole saws preserved, usually their length is 10–20 cm. The thickness of the saws ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 cm. Saws up to 0.6 cm thick predominate and constitute 46.3 %. Fifteen saws have two working blades each. 30 abrasive saws are made of fragments of grinding plates and are both one-sided and two-sided. The saws cut into the processed material from 0.2 to 2.5 cm deep. Most often (56.8 %) the items were sawed 0.2 to 0.5 cm deep. The most intense deterioration (3.6 and 4.4 cm) is found in two saws. The working edges of abrasive saws were usually formed by grinding. At the same time, the opposite edge of the saws nearly always remained untreated. The deterioration of stone saws and sawing traces in various objects were analyzed and showed that sawing boiled down to mostly splitting thin blanks used to make knives and arrowheads. There are very rare traces of saws on polished chopping tools such as axes (1) and adzes (5). Abrasive saws were also used to design teeth on comb stamps or grooves on so-called ironings. Besides, saws could be used to cut out patches out of fragments of richly ornamented broken vessels. Saws were made of 8 types of mineral raw materials. It appeared possible to identify mineral raw materials for102 saws. Two-thirds of them are made of slate (41.2 %) and granodiorite (35.3 %). The next most popular material is mica slate which constitutes 11.8 %. The remaining saws are made of sandstone (5 items), quartzite, carbonaceous shale, brown ironstone (2 items each) and quartzite sandstone (1 item). The experiments made it possible to determine the sawing speed and the deterioration rate of the saw material. It is established how long and how much workforce it took to saw. The research managed to compare the efficiency of sawing different types of stone with saws made of materials with different hardness. The experiment results reveal the peculiarities of abrasive sawing of stone. The peculiarities were the methods for securing the blank and securing the saw in the intended cutting line. Sawing with a two-handed saw, as well as using fine-grained abrasive, significantly increased the processing efficiency.
The specific type of the Bronze Age stone axes from the Korotaikha river (the Barents Sea basin)
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, Karmanov Victor Nikolaevich
Published: April 2024

Finds of thrust tools made of rocks and minerals are rare to find in the sites of the European North-East. This can be probably explained through a high mobility of the local hunters-gatherers and through the way such artefacts were left behind. Considering that there is an outstanding set of six axes and three workpieces found at Korotaikha 1979/3 site at the Korotaikha river (the Barentsev Sea basin). There they found not as a treasure; traces of their production were missing. The research aims to verify the assumption that the artefacts constitute a special type thrust tool series. To do so the study analysed the consequence of formation and layout of diverse macrotraces on the thrust tools surface. The study provides their morphography and classic morphometry. It is determined that the Korotaikha 1979/3 axes are made with the same technology. To start with, the shape of the future tool was formed with bifacial knapping. The final staged implied abrasive treatment (polishing) to form a straight sharp blade, level off and dull down sharp bifacial ribs along the longitudinal edges of the work pieces. The process preserved a large part of the surface formed by knapping. Thus, the Korotaikha 1979/3 axes are partly polished tools with a rectangular or nearly triangular form and lens-shaped cross- and longitudinal section. Macrotraces left by knocking upon solid materials, blade corrections and tool wear-out are evident of the axes use and repair. The nature of the work piece bilateral treatment conforms is harmonized with the bifacial knapping that the Korotaikha 1979/3 flint arrowheads and scrapers are made with. Along with homogeneous ceramics and evidence of bronze smelting production these items conform that these materials shall be attributed to records for studying the Korshak culture assigned to the Bronze Age and preliminarily dated back to the 2nd millennium B.C. Based on this data the study defined equivalent tools within sites located in a very short area at the Korotaikha river. However, the study failed to find equivalents outside this microregion. The production peculiarities, geography and attribution of these axes allow to define their special type of thrust tools of the Bronze Age European north-east. This type can be designated as the Korotaikha type axes. The location is found with an abnormal number of good-condition thrust tools left in one place. It may be associated with the functioning of a sanctuary or burial ground at this site.
PENGARUH AGROWISATA BALE TANI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Wahyuningsih Roy
Published: April 2024

This research was motivated by the impact that the establishment of Bale Tani agrotourism had on the economic conditions of the surrounding community. This research aims to examine the increase in people's income as employees and traders in Bale Tani Agrotourism and examine the economic level of the community before and after the existence of Bale Tani Agrotourism in Banjaragung Village, Bareng District. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection in this research used simple interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The population in this study was 54 employees and 13 traders who worked at Balai Tani Agrotourism. Researchers used saturated samples in selecting samples so that the sample size was 67 people. The data analysis techniques used in this research were descriptive tests, simple linear regression tests and partial t tests. The results obtained are that Bale Tani Agrotourism has a positive and significant effect on improving the community's economy. This means that the existence of Bale Tani Agrotourism in Banjaragung Village really helps improve the economy of the surrounding community
Rheumatoid arthritis in a female patient with the disease onset in an old age
Authors:   Smolensk State Medical University, BAZINA I. B. , KOZYREV O. A. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, VINOKUROVA YA. V. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, KRECHIKOVA D. G. ,   RZhD-Meditsina Clinical Hospital, POGODINA M. V. ,   Smolensk State Medical University
Published: April 2024

A description of the clinical case of a female patient with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an old age is presented. The disease began acutely against the background of comorbid pathology and was manifested by high activity, multiple involvement of large and small joints, and their swelling. A thorough examination was performed to exclude paraneoplastic syndrome. Comorbid conditions and impaired renal function did not allow the prescription of basic drugs; a good effect was obtained from methylprednisolone. Management of elderly and senile patients with RA requires an individual approach, taking into account concomitant diseases and drug tolerability.
Diagnosis of enterobiosis: modern problems
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, GILMULLINA F. S. , NIKOLAEVA I. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: April 2024

The purpose — to describe cases of enterobiosis that occurred with atypical clinical symptoms or cross-immunological reactions to pathogens of tissue helminthiasis (echinococcus, trichinella) and intestinal parasites (ascaris, Giardia). Material and methods. 5 clinical cases of enterobiosis are described, the results of parasitological and enzyme immunoassays are presented. Results. The studied clinical cases showed that enterobiosis in children can occur without characteristic clinical symptoms. It can be accompanied by hypereosinophilia and cross-immunological reactions to pathogens of tissue helminthiasis (echinococcus, trichinella) and intestinal parasites (ascaris, Giardia). This requires careful differential diagnosis and long-term follow-up after treatment with anthelmintics.
Clinical observation of acute myeloid leukemia in a woman in remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University, SAGITOVA E. R. , RYZHKOVA D. YU. ,   Orenburg State Medical University, ASHRAFOVA N. M. ,   Orenburg State Medical University
Published: April 2024

The article presents a case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in a patient aged 54 years, against which acute myeloid leukemia developed. The main methods of laboratory examination are given. Intensive polychemo-therapy of T-ALL in 50% of cases causes long-term remission in adults. Treatment of acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia consists in long-term intensive systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal administration of chemopreparations. However, despite significant achievements in treatment of patients with this pathology, relapse of the disease occurs in 40% of patients and the risk of secondary leukemia development increases.
Atypical manifestations of rash in a child infected with parvovirus B19
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHALIULLINA S. V. , SHAIKHIEVA G. S. ,   Prof. A.F. Agafonov Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, DOLOVSKOVA D. E. ,   Prof. A.F. Agafonov Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, DEMIDOVA O. G. ,   Prof. A.F. Agafonov Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, ANOKHIN V. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Erythema infectiosum is the main clinical variant of infection associated with parvovirus B19 in children. Clinical symptoms include mild fever, erythema on the cheeks («a slapped face» symptom), and a maculopapular rash on the body that becomes lacy over time. But this characteristic of the rash is not always recorded. Parvovirus B19 is associated with various skin lesions that require a differential diagnosis with tick-borne borreliosis, sudden exanthema, hemorrhagic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. The differential diagnosis is considered using the example of a 6-year-old child hospitalized in an Infectious Hospital with atypical manifestations of erythema infectiosum.
Natriuretic peptide in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at a young age
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, ASATULLINA Z. R. , SINEGLAZOVA A. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: April 2024

The purpose — to study the relationship of increased natriuretic peptide (NUP) with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in young people. Material and methods. 142 patients, including 74 men and 68 women aged Me = 35 [31–39] years, were examined at the consulting and diagnostic center of the Aviastroiyelny district of Kazan. The study design is an observational clinical case-control study based on the criterion of constitutional obesity. A questionnaire was conducted, as well as a clinical examination with anthropometry, bioimpedance measurement, assessment of the level of N-terminal cerebral natriuretic peptide (NUP), ultrasound examination of the liver with detection of NAFLD, echocardiography. The indices of liver steatosis Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease – Liver Fat Score (NAFLD-LFS), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Triglyceride and glucose Index (TyG) were calculated. The data is processed in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Results. According to ultrasound data, NAFLD was found in 12.6% of the examined patients. Patients with NAFLD and exogenous constitutional obesity tended to have a higher incidence of elevated levels of NUP when compared with the group of obese people without NAFLD. The prognostic model results showed that NAFLD, HSI index > 36, as well as female gender were associated with an increase in NUP. At the same time, obesity and male gender reduced the likelihood of NUP increase. Conclusion. NAFLD and obesity have a multidirectional effect on the likelihood of NUP increase among young people without diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The presence of NAFLD is associated with an increase in NUP, while exogenous constitutional obesity reduces the likelihood of NUP increase.
Electronic assistant for remote estimation of quality of life with EQ-5D-3L questionnaire
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, GARANIN A. A. , RUBANENKO A. O. ,   Samara State Medical University, TRUSOV YU. A. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Nowadays estimation of quality of life in patients with different diseases is one of the most important indicators of treatment effectiveness. There is literature data that reveals association between quality of life and adherence to treatment, which may result in increasing therapy effectiveness. In real clinical practice a doctor needs contemporary instruments that can estimate the quality of life of the patients during traditional consultation and also during remote consultation and telemonitoring. One of the most popular instruments for estimation of quality of life is EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. In Samara State Medical University an electronic assistant was developed for remote estimation of quality of life with EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. An undeniable benefit of this assistant is simplicity, visibility and usability in traditional and remote medical consultations. After implementation of abovementioned electronic assistant in real clinical practice, a doctor can estimate the quality of life of a patient independently and also by means of remote medicine centres, where this data will be accumulated.
Influence of comorbid metabolic syndrome on disorders of cardiorespiratory regulation in patients with non-severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, ZULKARNEEV R. KH. , BIKTASHEV T. R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, RAKHIMKULOV A. S. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, ZULKARNEEV SH. R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are important independent medical and social problems. At the same time, the comorbid effect of MS on the course of CAP has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose — to evaluate the additional contribution of the metabolic syndrome (MS) to dysregulation of the cardiorespiratory system in patients with moderate severity community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Material and methods. Four groups were examined: the first control group (CG) of 35 healthy individuals, the second control group CG + MS of 14 individuals with MS but without any acute disease; the group of 62 patients with CAP, and the group of 28 patients with CAP and comorbide MS (CAP+MS). To assess cardio-respiratory regulation, ECG and impedance pneumogram were synchronously recorded for 10 minutes. Time series of consecutive cardiointervals NN and respiratory intervals Ttot were formed from this recording. Heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory rhythm variability (RRV) were evaluated by calculation of standard deviations (SDNN, TtotSD) and variation coefficients (CVNN, TtotCV). The spectral analysis of HRV was also performed with determination of the total spectral power Ptotal, spectral power in the intervals of 0.04–0.15 Hz (PLF) and 0.15–0.40 Hz (PHF). The data are presented as median and interquartile range Me (Q1; Q3). Results. In patients with CAP and comorbid MS, the most pronounced decrease in the variability of heart and respiratory rhythms was revealed, and it was more reliably characteristic of heart rate variability. The values of variability parameters in the CAP(1) and CAP + MS(1) groups were: SDNN — 31.7 (23.1; 43.3) and 15.6 (10.8; 20.0) ms, respectively, p < 0.001, CVNN — 3.9 (2.7; 5.0) and 2.2 (1.7; 2.8) %, p < 0.001, PLF 150.8 (73.6; 272.5) and 33.9 (15.3; 81.5) ms2, p < 0.001, PHF — 167.0 (52.5; 468.7) and 22.7 (10.5; 64.4) ms2, p < 0.001. The values of variability parameters in the CAP(2) and CAP + MS(2) groups were: SDNN — 40.7 (29.5; 62.6) and 22.4 (14.7; 33.9) ms, respectively, p < 0.001, CVNN — 4.7 (3.3; 6.9) and 3.0 (2.1; 4.2)%, p < 0.001, PLF 219.4 (119.6; 443.6) and 124.5 (30.4; 195.6) ms2, p = 0.001, PHF — 371.0 (93.4; 845.0) and 67.3 (27.8; 127.9) ms2, p < 0.001. Conclusions. The presence of comorbid MS significantly aggravates functional dysregulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in patients with moderate CAP.
Endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHAERTYNOV KH .S. , ANOKHIN V. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ZHEMKOVA O. V. ,   Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after Prof. A.F. Agafonov, VALIAKHMETOVA L. KH. ,   Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after Prof. A.F. Agafonov, SHAYKHUTDINOVA N. A. ,   Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after Prof. A.F. Agafonov, MALYKHINA L. YU. ,   Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after Prof. A.F. Agafonov, UTYUSHEVA T. S. ,   Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after Prof. A.F. Agafonov, EVDOKIMOVA A. E. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NASYROVA E. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Endothelial dysfunction is the main cause of thrombotic complications and unfavorable disease outcome in COVID-19. The study of markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 will help to determine additional directions for the treatment of hemostatic disorders. The purpose — to evaluate the diagnostic significance of endothelial dysfunction markers in moderate and severe forms of COVID-19. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 28 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at the Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital (Kazan) from 02.16.2023 to 03.07.2023. The median age of patients was 66.5 years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people of the same age. Results. It was found that moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 are accompanied by increased values of D-dimer and VWF in the blood, the medians of which were 2.6 and 1.9 times higher than control values, respectively. No significant differences in the values of P-selectin and thrombomodulin were detected in the compared groups. A moderate correlation was established between the level of P-selectin and the absolute number of neutrophils in the blood. It was found that the values of D-dimer and thrombomodulin were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 who had two or more comorbid diseases. The high likelihood ratios of FFB and D-dimer positivity (LR+ = 8.4) allow considering them as reliable parameters for assessing endothelial dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion. Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 disease is manifested by increased levels of D-dimer and VWF in the blood. The identified changes indicate the possibility of using medications that neutralize VWF in addition to anticoagulant drugs.
Oesophageal candidiasis in COVID-19 рatients
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, NIKOLAEVA I. V. , MIFTAKHOVA S. E. ,   Prof. A.F. Agafonov Republic Infectious Clinical Hospital, GAYNATULLINA L. R. ,   Prof. A.F. Agafonov Republic Infectious Clinical Hospital, ZAKIROV R. KH. ,   Prof. A.F. Agafonov Republic Infectious Clinical Hospital, NURIEV R. G. ,   Prof. A.F. Agafonov Republic Infectious Clinical Hospital
Published: April 2024

The purpose is to examine the incidence and clinical characteristics of сandidiasis esophagitis in COVID-19 patients. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study by analyzing the medical records of 68 patients with COVID-19 and esophageal candidiasis. All of the patients received in-patient treatment at the Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kazan from 2020 to 2022. Results. From 2020 to 2022, 1177 fibrogastroduodenoscopies (FGDS) were performed on patients with COVID-19 at the Republic Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kazan. Esophageal candidiasis was diagnosed in 68 (5.8%) of the examined patients, Mostly often, elderly patients with chronic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (65%) and diabetes mellitus (29%). Esophageal candidiasis developed in patients with different severity of COVID-19, including mild forms of infection. According to the Kodsi scale, grade I of esophageal damage was diagnosed in 63.3%, grade II in 27.9%, grade III in 4.4%, grade IV in 4.4% of patients. Patients complained of epigastric pain (34.6%), chest pain (7.7%), dysphagia (7.7%), nausea and vomiting (13.4%), heartburn (1.9%), hiccups (1.9%). 41.5% of patients had no “esophageal” complaints. Antimycotic therapy for candidal esophagitis was carried out with fluconazole at a daily dose of 400 mg, then 200 mg for 14 days. 92.5% of patients were discharged with improvement or clinical recovery. Death occurred in 5 (7.5%) patients. The cause of death was COVID-19 complications (ARDS, PE, multiple organ failure syndrome, acute kidney failure, etc.). Conclusion. The development of esophageal candidiasis is possible in patients with any severity of COVID-19. Esophageal candidiasis can be asymptomatic. The severity of fungal infection of the esophagus correlates with the severity of coronavirus infection. Patients with severe forms of COVID-19 may develop grades III and IV of esophageal damage. If esophageal candidiasis is detected in a patient with COVID-19, a mycological test of blood, urine and bronchoalveolar lavage should be performed to identify other localizations of invasive candidiasis.
Az konuşulan bir kent hakkı olarak kamusal tuvaletlere erişimde cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikler
Authors: Mirioğlu Kavuk Güldane
Published: April 2024

Kadınların kamusal mekândaki hareketlilikleri yüzyıllardan beri çeşitli şekillerde sınırlandırılmaktadır. Dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinde tarihi değişmekle birlikte, kamusal özel mekân bölünmesinin belirginleştiği 18. Yüzyılda kadınlara tamamen kapalı/yasak olan kamusal mekân, zamanla belirli mekânlara izin verilmesiyle kadınlara açılmıştır. Her ne kadar kadınlar kamusal mekânın çeşitli yerlerinde görünmeye başlasalar da bu görünürlüğe bir dizi sınırlılık eşlik etmiştir. Bu sınırlılıklar kimi zaman kadınların iffeti üzerinden tanımlanan norm ve yasaklara dayalı olurken kimi zaman da kamusal mekânın kadınlara açıldıkça sınırlı kalan hizmetlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu sınırlılıklar, Henri Lefebvre’nin kavramsallaştırması olan kent hakkının cinsiyet temelli boyutuna işaret etmektedir. Kadınların kentsel hizmetlerin tümünden erkeklerle eşit bir şekilde faydalanmıyor oluşu bu makalenin temel sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda makalede, en temel ihtiyaçlardan biri olan kamusal tuvaletler üzerinden bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye’de bu konuda yapılmış çalışmaların azlığı nedeniyle kamusal tuvalet meselesini bir kent hakkı olarak düşünmeye kapı aralamak amacıyla uluslararası literatür incelemesi ile başlayıp, Balıkesir kenti örneğinde kamusal tuvaletlere dair cinsiyet temelli mekânsal farklara odaklanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Balıkesir kentinde kamusal tuvalet hizmetinin cinsiyet temelinde eşitsiz olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu kapsamda kamusal tuvalet hizmetindeki bu eşitsizliklerin giderilmesi ve kadın ihtiyaçlarının dikkate alınması, kentsel yaşama katılımın önemli bir gerekliliğidir.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Berchemia zeyheri — A Swazi Medicinal Plant
Authors: Karuppiah Pillai Manoharan
Published: April 2024

_Berchemia zeyheri_ belongs to the Rhamnaceae family_. B. zeyheri_ has been used in the traditional medicine to treat various ailments, which include backache, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, headache, rectal ulcers, gastrointestinal issues and vomiting. The objectives of the present study were to analyze phytochemical constituents, to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine IC50 values of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol crude extracts obtained separately from the leaves and stem-bark of _B. zeyheri. _Qualitative of phytochemical analysis was performed by using established methods and procedures. Various solvent extracts were obtained by means of maceration and hot solvent extraction techniques. The assessment of antioxidant activity and the determination of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were achieved by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and phlobatannins were identified in these extracts. In the DPPH assay, the positive control (ascorbic acid) showed a radical scavenging activity of 87.84±0.01 at a concentration of 3000 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate extracts obtained from leaves and stem-bark exhibited highest radical scavenging activity of 67.91±0.01% and 70.22±0.01%, respectively at a concentration of 3000 µg/mL, whilst hexane extracts obtained from leaves and stem-bark showed least radical scavenging activity of 48.88±0.04 % and 49.19±0.01%, respectively at the same concentration. The IC50 value of ascorbic was found to be < 200 µg/mL in the DPPH assay. On the other hand, the methanol and hexane extracts obtained from leaves showed IC50 values of 1513.30 and 2759.00 µg/mL µg/mL, respectively which were the lowest and highest IC50 values among the extracts from leaves. Similarly, the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts obtained from stem-bark showed IC50 values of extracts 1228.59 and 2647.28 µg/mL, respectively which were the lowest and highest IC50 values among the extracts from stem-bark. From this study, we conclude that various extracts obtained from the leaves of stem-bark of _B. zeyheri_ possessed various classes of phytochemicals and these extracts showed a weak to moderate radical scavenging activity. Further studies on this plant are required to explore its therapeutic applications.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДІВ ПОДОЛАННЯ МІННО-ВИБУХОВИХ ЗАГОРОДЖЕНЬ БОЙОВИМИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ ЗА ОБМЕЖЕНИХ РЕСУРСІВ
Authors: ХАРУН Олег
Published: April 2024

У статті проаналізовано важливість і першочерговість усебічного виконання системи бойових функцій, тобто оперативної системи ведення бойових дій. Важливою складовою цієї системи є інженерне забезпечення, про що переконливо свідчать бойові дії в Україні з російським агресором, а на цьому етапі особливого значення набуло завдання пророблення проходів у мінно-вибухових загородженнях. Війна, що триває, вимагає постійного вдосконалення засобів та способів виконання завдань інженерного забезпечення загалом та пророблення проходів у мінно-вибухових загородженнях зокрема з обов’язковим урахуванням подальшого розвитку тактики збройної боротьби. Доведено, що мінно-вибухові загородження є складною перешкодою для дій підрозділів у тактичному плані, а оскільки щільність загороджень у цій війні є найвищою з усіх воєнв і сторії, різноманітність застосовуваних інженерних боєприпасів не має прецедентів в історії війн ХХ–ХХІ століть, а їх подолання стає надзвичайно важким у психологічному плані. Обов’язком командирів усіх рівнів є своєчасне добування інформації щодо місцезнаходження мінно-вибухових загороджень противника та отримання і використання інформації про мінно-вибухові загородження, які встановлені своїми військами. Збирання зазначеної інформації має проводитись постійно з усіх доступних джерел. Розвідувальні та спостережувальні дії, вивчення карт, оцінка місцевості, вивчення формулярів мінних полів та інші джерела дають змогу командиру визначити заміновані райони та їх можливі межі. Безпосередня розвідка місцевості та пророблення проходів у межах району застосування мінно-вибухових загороджень є обов’язком інженерних підрозділів. Пророблення проходу в мінному полі може проводитися вручну, механізованим, вибуховим способами або їх комбінацією. Коли проходи пророблені, вони обов’язково позначаються та утримуються в установленому порядку з організацією комендантської служби. Для пророблення проходів необхідно створювати групи розмінування, у складі яких мають бути фахівці з інженерних підрозділів, а також обов’язково підрозділи для прикриття і забезпечення дій інженерних підрозділів чи фахівців. Командиром групи розмінування призначається командир інженерного підрозділу. Під час подолання районів дистанційного мінування підрозділи виходять з них самостійно, а долають із залученням груп розмінування. У ході колективної підготовки підрозділів особливу увагу має бути звернуто на подолання мінно-вибухових загороджень у складі підрозділу. Крім того, кожен підрозділ повинен мати мінімальний табельний комплект засобів інженерного озброєння для подолання мінно-вибухових загороджень.
СУТНІСТЬ, ЗМІСТ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДІАГНОСТИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ОСВІТИ У ВІЙСЬКОВИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ
Authors: ДІДЕНКО Олександр , СНІЦА Тетяна , ДЕМ'ЯНЮК Юрій
Published: April 2024

У статті показано, що діагностична компетентність передбачає здатність аналізувати інформацію, збирати аргументи, робити висновки та приймати рішення на основі отриманих даних. Ця компетентність також важлива для військовослужбовців у секторі безпеки та оборони. Для багатьох офіцерів, особливо начальників підрозділів або штабних офіцерів – це ключове вміння аналізувати та визначати обстановку під час бойових дій. Ця компетентність є важливою для забезпечення ефективності навчання та розвитку військовослужбовців. Установлено, що формування діагностичної компетентності педагога потребує вирішення певних проблем, оскільки педагоги можуть не мати належної педагогічної та методичної підготовки. Вони можуть бути досвідченими військовими професіоналами, але це не обов’язково робить їх ефективними педагогами. Формування діагностичної компетентності у здобувачів освіти у вищих військових навчальних закладах потребує врахування основних педагогічних умов ефективного навчання та розвитку цієї компетентності. Основними з них є послідовний розвиток умінь і знань у цій сфері протягом усього навчання, активний та інтерактивний характер навчання, практична спрямованість навчального процесу, використання інформаційних технологій, інтерактивних засобів, дистанційне навчання тощо. Для формування діагностичної компетентності у здобувачів вищої освіти у вищих військових навчальних закладах можуть бути використані різноманітні навчальні завдання та сценарії, зокрема спостереження за навчальним процесом або навчальними заняттями, розробка діагностичних тестів для оцінювання навчальних досягнень, спостереження за методичними та практичними діями, самостійне оволодіння та використання спеціальних інформаційних систем і програм для збору й аналізу даних, пов’язаних з діагностикою, участь у рольових іграх та моделювання професійних ситуацій, де курсантам доводиться виступати в ролі експерта та приймати рішення на основі отриманої інформації.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО КУРСУ ПІДГОТОВКИ СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ З ПОГЛИБЛЕНОЇ ПЕРЕВІРКИ ДОКУМЕНТІВ НА ЕТАПАХ ЙОГО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: СОЙКО Олександр , СИЧЕВСЬКИЙ Юрій , КУЗЬ Юрій
Published: April 2024

У статті сформульовано основні вимоги до навчального курсу підготовки спеціалістів з поглибленої перевірки документів, упровадження яких під час організації підвищить його ефективність. Готовність органів та підрозділів охорони державного кордону до здійснення прикордонного контролю в пунктах пропуску визначається якістю підготовки фахівців з відповідних напрямів діяльності. Незважаючи на збільшення обсягів та ускладнення навчального матеріалу, часові показники підготовки таких фахівців практично не змінюються. Основними способами підвищення кваліфікації залишаються професійно орієнтовані навчальні курси. Якісна організація навчального курсу надасть змогу ефективно провести підготовку персоналу до професійної діяльності – поглибленої перевірки документів у пунктах пропуску. Під час організації навчального курсу визначаються основні показники щодо аналізу потреби, тривалості, місця проведення, цільової аудиторії, матеріальних ресурсів, розробляється тематика, методичне забезпечення, готуються приміщення та спеціальні технічні засоби, допоміжні текстові та графічні матеріали, визначаються форми та методи проведення занять. З метою визначення підходів щодо підвищення ефективності навчального курсу з поглибленої перевірки документів під час його організації було сформовано робочу групу, яка сформулювала основні показники, від яких залежатиме ефективність навчання. Експертам було запропоновано відповісти на тринадцять питань, після чого здійснювалося ранжування відповідей за рівнем пріоритетності. Задля швидкого обчислення результатів експертної оцінки, перевірки її достовірності в рамках завдань було розроблено програмне забезпечення для розрахунку коефіцієнтів узгодженості та конкордації з виведенням проміжних результатів обчислень. Результати обчислень свідчать про узгодженість думок експертів. На основі експертного ранжування було визначено основні вимоги до навчального курсу підготовки спеціалістів з поглибленої перевірки документів. Дотримання переліку отриманих вимог під час організації навчального курсу сприятиме підвищенню його ефективності.