bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Характеристики поверхности циркониевого сплава Э-110, модифицированного способом воздушно-термического оксидирования
Authors: Проскуряков В.И. , Родионов И.В. , Кошуро В.А.
Published: March 2020

The results of studying the effect of air-thermal oxidation on the elemental and phase compositions, morphology and microhardness of the modified surface of the zirconium alloy E-110 are presented. It was established that during the processing of samples, coatings were formed on the surface, the elemental and phase compositions of which mainly depended on the temperature conditions of oxidation. The morphology and thickness were significantly affected by the temperature of the reaction medium and the duration of the treatment. It was found that the oxidation temperature of 400 ° C and 500 ° C with a duration of 1, 2 and 3 hours are the most appropriate modes for the formation of mechanically strong coatings.
Лазерно-индуцированный графен на полиимидной пленке: наблюдение эффекта увлечения
Authors: Михеев К.Г. , Зонов Р.Г. , Булатов Д.Л. , Фатеев А.Е. , Михеев Г.М.
Published: March 2020

Porous graphene film structures were produced by irradiation of polyimide film with focused continuous wave CO2 laser. Generation of nanosecond pulses of photocurrent was observed in the obtained structures upon excitation by nanosecond laser pulses in a wide range of wavelengths. It is shown that the photocurrent linearly increases with pulsed laser power and its dependence on the angle of light incidence on the film structure is symmetric about the origin. Wavelength dependence of light-to-photocurrent conversion coefficient was measured. The obtained results are explained by photon-drag effect photocurrent generation.
Исследование плотности интерфейсных состояний на границах раздела диэлектрик / In-=SUB=-0.52-=/SUB=-Al-=SUB=-0.48-=/SUB=-As
Authors: Ковчавцев А.П. , Аксенов М.С. , Настовьяк A.Е. , Валишева Н.А. , Горшков Д.В. , Сидоров Г.Ю. , Дмитриев Д.В.
Published: March 2020

The capacitance-voltage (С-V) characteristics of Au/Al2O3/In0.52Al0.48As and Au/SiO2/In0.52Al0.48As metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures were studied. It was found that the measurement of the C-V characteristics of MIS structures based on InAlAs by the fragment method, in contrast to the standard technique at a constant bias voltage scan rate, significantly reduces the hysteresis effect and allows to obtain stationary curves. It was shown that the fast interface states density calculated by the Terman method from such C-V characteristics varies slightly along the InAlAs band gap and amounts to (3-6) 1011 eV-1cm-2 and (1-3)·1011 eV-1cm-2 for MIS structures with Al2O3 and SiO2, respectively.
Получение гетерогенных наночастиц Al/BN в микроволновой плазме
Authors: Корте Ш. , Кутжанов М.К. , Ковальский А.М. , Конопацкий А.С. , Квашнин Д.Г. , Приходько Е.М. , Сорокин П.Б. , Штанский Д.В. , Матвеев А.Т.
Published: March 2020

In this work, the interaction of a mixture of Al and BN nanopowder with hydrogen microwave plasma was studied. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the formation of AlN and AlB2 nanocrystals as a result of short-term (~ 30 ms) interaction of Al vapor with h-BN was established. Obtained results also indicate the formation of hydrogenated hexagonal boron nitride h-BN-H. The critical shear stresses were calculated for the interfaces between BN and Al, AlB2, and AlN. Approaches for increasing the strength of the composite materials based on hexagonal boron nitride and aluminum are discussed.
Получение тонких пленок графита на диэлектрической подложке с помощью гетероэпитаксиального синтеза
Authors: Сорокин И.А. , Колодко Д.В. , Лузанов В.А. , Шустин Е.Г.
Published: March 2020

The results of testing the methods of preparation of thin graphite films on a dielectric substrate by the method of annealing the structure of (0001) Al2O3/(111) Ni/ta-C are present. The method is based on catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons on the surface of the monocrystalline film of the metal-catalyst on the surface of the dielectric substrate and subsequent diffusion and crystallization of carbon between the metal film and the substrate. After chemical etching of the metal film, a thin graphite film with low density of crystal structure defects on a dielectric substrate is obtained.
Механизм полевой эмиссии электронов с туннельно-тонким алмазным покрытием на автокатоде
Authors: Яфаров Р.К.
Published: March 2020

The field emission characteristics of cathode matrices based on nanocomposite diamond-graphite film structures with a strengthening tunnel-thin diamond coating are studied. It is shown that field emission characteristics are not related to the morphology of the emitting surface and cannot be explained in terms of the Fowler and Nordheim model. The effect of the thickness of the diamond coating on the field emission characteristics and dielectric strength of the cathode heterostructure is established. The interpretation of the obtained laws is based on an increase in the transparency of potential barriers for electron tunneling due to a decrease in the forces of the mirror image
Applied Practice and Possible Leverage Points for Information Technology Support for Patient Screening in Clinical Trials: Qualitative Study
Authors: Becker Linda , Ganslandt Thomas , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Newe Axel
Published: March 2020

Background

Clinical trials are one of the most challenging and meaningful designs in medical research. One essential step before starting a clinical trial is screening, that is, to identify patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria and do not fulfill the exclusion criteria. The screening step for clinical trials might be supported by modern information technology (IT).

Objective

This explorative study aimed (1) to obtain insights into which tools for feasibility estimations and patient screening are actually used in clinical routine and (2) to determine which method and type of IT support could benefit clinical staff.

Methods

Semistandardized interviews were conducted in 5 wards (cardiology, gynecology, gastroenterology, nephrology, and palliative care) in a German university hospital. Of the 5 interviewees, 4 were directly involved in patient screening. Three of them were clinicians, 1 was a study nurse, and 1 was a research assistant.

Results

The existing state of study feasibility estimation and the screening procedure were dominated by human communication and estimations from memory, although there were many possibilities for IT support. Success mostly depended on the experience and personal motivation of the clinical staff. Electronic support has been used but with little importance so far. Searches in ward-specific patient registers (databases) and searches in clinical information systems were reported. Furthermore, free-text searches in medical reports were mentioned. For potential future applications, a preference for either proactive or passive systems was not expressed. Most of the interviewees saw the potential for the improvement of the actual systems, but they were also largely satisfied with the outcomes of the current approach. Most of the interviewees were interested in learning more about the various ways in which IT could support and relieve them in their clinical routine.

Conclusions

Overall, IT support currently plays a minor role in the screening step for clinical trials. The lack of IT usage and the estimations made from memory reported by all the participants might constrain cognitive resources, which might distract from clinical routine. We conclude that electronic support for the screening step for clinical trials is still a challenge and that education of the staff about the possibilities for electronic support in clinical trials is necessary.
The state of artificial intelligence-based FDA-approved medical devices and algorithms: An online database (Preprint)
Authors: Mesko Bertalan , Benjamens Stan , Dhunnoo Pranavsingh
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

At the beginning of the artificial intelligence (A.I.) era, the expectations are high, and experts foresee that A.I. shows potential for diagnosing, managing and treating a wide variety of medical conditions. However, the obstacles for implementation of A.I. in daily clinical practice are numerous, especially regarding the regulation of these technologies.

OBJECTIVE

Therefore, we provide an insight into the currently available A.I.-based medical devices and algorithms that have been approved by the U.S. Food & Drugs Administration (FDA). We aimed to raise awareness about the importance of regulatory bodies, clearly stating whether a medical device is A.I.-based or not.

METHODS

Cross-checking and validating all approvals, we identified 64 A.I.-based, FDA approved medical devices and algorithms. Out of those, only 29 (45%) mentioned any A.I.-related expressions in the official FDA announcement.

RESULTS

The majority (85.9%) was approved by the FDA with a 510(k) clearance, while 8 (12.5%) received de novo pathway clearance and one (1.6%) premarket approval (PMA) clearance. Most of these technologies, notably 30 (46.9%), 16 (25.0%) and 10 (15.6%) were developed for the fields of Radiology, Cardiology and Internal Medicine / General Practice respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We launched the first comprehensive and open access database of strictly A.I.-based medical technologies that have been approved by the FDA. The database will be constantly updated.
Challenges in Inpatient Care Coordinators’ Clinical Workflow and Opportunities in Designing a Health IT Solution (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Danny T.Y. , Murdock Paul , Vennemeyer Scott , Salomone Sarah , Jin Keyin , Chih Ming-Yuan
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Inpatient care coordinators (ICCs) play a critical role in case management and care transition because they address patient needs by referring them to available services and facilities prior to discharge. ICCs tend to spend a significant amount of time reviewing patient charts and documenting the cases using Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. However, significant knowledge gaps exist regarding their clinical workflow and potential use of health information technology to improve work efficiency and job satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to address the gap by answering the research questions: 1) what is a typical day of an inpatient care coordinator? 2) what challenges exist in terms of their care delivery and documentation activities? and 3) what patterns in the EHR event logs reinforce our findings from the qualitative interviews? In addition, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of our novel mixed-method approach to study clinical workflow.

METHODS

A mixed-methods approach was developed and employed to understand ICCs workflow patterns and identify existing barriers to workflow. This approach involved data collection from semi-structured interviews and EHR event logs to construct a generalizable picture of all ICC workflow at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center (UCMC). The study consisted of 12 qualitative interviews with ICCs at UCMC, and their EHR event logs for one month. The qualitative interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and the event logs were analyzed using statistical and pattern analysis.

RESULTS

We identified three major workflow barriers faced by ICCs: long travel time, heavy documentation load, and suboptimal communication. The event logs provided empirical evidence to support the workflow barriers identified during the semi-structured interviews, especially in travel time and documentation load.

CONCLUSIONS

ICC workflow has several inefficiencies. We recommend a mobile-based informatics solution with streamlined, intelligent, and EHR-linked documentation support. Our mixed-methods approach can be applied to other clinical settings and healthcare institutions.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Who gets to judge?
Authors: Nuske Jessica
Published: March 2020

Debates on the issue of representation have since long started to transcend elections and topographically bound constituencies by addressing self-appointed representatives in form of interest groups. However, with no elections and a mere claim to represent a constituency, who gets to judge and consequently authorises the claims and demands accountability? Deriving from Saward’s constructivist approach on the representative claim, this article introduces a revisited approach to interest groups by adjusting constructivism with respect to crucial insights derived from interest group theory, provided by Montanaro and Strolovitch. Building on this revisited approach, this article re-evaluates questions on who gets to authorise and account representatives and consequently presents a holistic constructivist framework not only on the nature of claim-based representation, but also on its potential and pitfalls. Additionally, it provides incentives for research on the disjunction between constituency and interest groups provoked by a (structural) occurrence of non-authorisation and non-accountability.
The Dichotomy Between Large and Small Political Parties
Authors: Labuschagne Pieter
Published: March 2020

This article investigates new political party formation in South Africa within the broader context of voter volatility. The political party system has displayed high levels of stability, but the unrestrained and rampant formation of new political parties that contest in each election could destabilise the system. The number of entrants rose to an unprecedented 28 before the 2019 elections and contradicts the support for older, established parties in each election since 1994. In theory, the within-system stability in South Africa, with an on average 90% voter share between established parties, impedes the scope for the formation of new smaller parties. In reality, support for new parties remains low. This article explores why this does not serve as a deterrent for the formation of new parties. The article shows that despite the increasing number of new entrants, their impact on stability and consolidation in the country is negligible.
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Political Attitudes as Correlates of Women Voters’ Electoral Participation in Counties in Kenya
Authors: Okinda Thomas Ibrahim , Ojwang Benson Oduor , Nyambuga Charles Ongadi
Published: March 2020

This article examines sociodemographic characteristics and political attitudes predicting women voters’ participation in the 2013 general election in Kakamega County, Kenya. Survey data from 372 women voters were collected from this county, the second most populous among the 47 counties in Kenya. Using these data, a two-stage hierarchical multiple regression was conducted with 13 predictors and electoral participation as the dependent variable. In stage one, sociodemographic characteristics accounted for 27 % of the variation in women voters’ electoral participation.  In stage two, sociodemographic characteristics and political attitudes contributed to 47 % of the variance in women voters’ participation in the 2013 polls in Kakamega County. Significant predictors of women voters’ electoral participation were: age, education, income, political knowledge, political interest, and sense of civic duty. The article makes recommendations for enhancing women’s electoral participation through legal reforms as well as civic and voter education.
Peran Kepala Sekolah Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Di Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Malang
Authors: Purnomo Wahyudi Setyo Adi , Anshory Ichsan
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Education is the main thing in Indonesia in improving the quality of human resources. The role of the principal is very important to help improve the quality of education. This study aims to describe 1) the role of the principal in improving the quality of education in elementary schools Muhammadiyah 4 Malang. 2) efforts made by school principals in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang. In this research method using qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the study stated that 1) the role of the headmaster in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang was as a manager, leader, supervisor, administrator, educator, innovator, and motivator. 2) The principal's efforts in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang City include: a) making all improvements in all aspects of improving the quality of education; b) planning and preparing activity plans; c) coordinate the distribution of learning activities; d) supervise and evaluate teachers regarding learning activities; e) coordinate in carrying out all school activities.Keywords: The Role of Principals, Quality of Education, Elementary School Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan hal utama di Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Peran kepala sekolah sangat mempengaruhi untuk membantu meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) peran kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang. 2) upaya yang dilakukan kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang. Dalam metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa 1) peran kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah SD Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang adalah sebagai manajer, pemimipin, supervisor, administrator, edukator, inovator dan motivator. 2) Adapun upaya kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah SD Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang diantaranya: a) melakukan semua perbaikan dalam semua aspek peningkatan mutu pendidikan; b) melakukan perencanaan dan penyusunan rencana kegiatan; c) mengkoordinasi pembagian kegiatan pembelajaran; d) melakukan supervise dan evaluasi guru mengenai kegiatan belajar; e) berkoordinasi dalam melakukan semua kegiatan sekolah.Kata kunci: Peran Kepala Sekolah, Mutu Pendidikan, Sekolah Dasar
Analisis Kebijakan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Bela Negara Di SMK Sore Tulungagung
Authors: Khusnaini Khusnaini , Nurjaman Asep
Published: March 2020

Abstract: The Strengthening of National Defense Character Education Policy that has been implemented at the Vocational High School Sore Tulungagung in 2014/2015 is a new character education development policy. The policy must be analyzed to give other schools a clear picture of the effectiveness of character education. Therefore the researcher intends, to find out the implementation suitability and evaluate the effectiveness of the policy of strengthening the character education of the National Defense Vocational High School Sore Tulungagung. Through qualitative research methods, by triangulating research data, researchers analyze data by studying theory through the reduction of interview results. The results obtained, the planning of strengthening the character education of National Defense is not good, because of the lack of reference laws that are used, indicators of achievement of the basic values of the character of defending the country. In the implementation of the policy declared quite good, seen activities that teach nationality insight to students, but there needs to be supervision from the implementation team. Finally, the evaluation stage of the policy is still not good, because the evaluation of character education is in the form of violations in general, not on indicators of the basic values of Defending the State.Keywords: Policy, Character Education, National Defense Abstrak: Kebijakan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Bela Negarayang telah dilaksanakan di SMK Sore Tulungagung tahun 2014/2015 merupakan kebijakan pengembangan pendidikan karakter baru. Kebijakan tersebut harus dianalisis agar memberi gambaran jelas kepada sekolah lain efektifitas pendidikan karakter tersebut. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bermaksuduntuk mengetahui implementasi dan mengevaluasi efektifitas kebijakan penguatan pendidikan karakter Bela Negaradi SMK Sore Tulungagung. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan triangulasi data-data penelitian, peneliti menganalisis data dengan kajian teori melalui reduksi hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, perencanaan penguatan pendidikan karakter Bela Negarakurang baik, sebab minimnya acuan perundangan yang dipakai, indikator ketercapaian nilai-nilai dasar karakter bela negara. Pada implementasi kebijakan dinyatakan cukup baik, terlihat adanya kegiatan-kegiatan yang mengajarkan wawasan kebangsaan pada peserta didik, namun perlu adanya pengawasan dari tim pelaksana. Terakhir, tahap evaluasi kebijakan masih kurang baik, sebab evaluasi pendidikan karakter ini berupa pelanggaran secara umum, bukan pada indikator nilai-nilai dasar Bela Negara.Kata kunci: Kebijakan, Pendidikan Karakter, Bela Negara
Slang in “If You Know What Happened in MCI”
Authors: Mandala Intan Riany
Published: March 2020

Abstract—This study classifies the form and formation of slang as a kind of an extra-linguistic form. To achieve the objective, the theory of word formation (Ridwan, 2003) was used. Data were obtained from “If You Know What Happened in MCI” novel. Referential method was made use in analyzing the data. The results of data analysis show that slang language occurs not only at the word level, but also at phrase and clause level. The majority, however, occurs at the word level. Language types included in the slang construction are not bound to one language but of many kinds, such as Indonesian, English, local language, mixture of two different languages and some of unrecognizable languages which were intensely code-mixed. Slang are formed through ten processes: coinage; borrowing; compounding; blending; clipping; conversion; back formation; acronym; derivation; multiple processes. Future nature of language would be adding on the existing theory of word formation, particularly that of morphological process of new words formation.
Keywords: Slang; word formation; “If You Know What Happened in MCI” novel
Nathan Glazer's 'We Are All Multiculturalists Now'
Authors: Leslie Bruce
Published: March 2020

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Richard H. King and Helen Taylor (eds.): Dixie Debates: Perspectives on Southern Cultures
Authors: Penttilä Esa
Published: March 2020

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Sacvan Bercovitch (ed): The Cambridge History of American Literature, vol. II: Prose Writing 1820-1865
Authors: ASIS American Studies in the US
Published: March 2020

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Review Essay
Authors: American Studies in Scandinavia ASIS
Published: March 2020

Review of various essays by different authors
Duco van Oostium's 'Male Authors, Female Subjets. The Woman Within/Beyond the Borders of Henry Adams, Henry Adams and Others'
Authors: Hardack Richard
Published: March 2020

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Mary O'Connell's 'Updike and the Patriarchal Dilemma: Masculinity in the Rabbit Novels'
Authors: Øverland Orm
Published: March 2020

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David Mauk's 'The Colony that Rose From the Sen: Norwegian Maritime Migration and Community in Brooklyn, 1850-1910'
Authors: Blanck Dag
Published: March 2020

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Paul D. Moreno's 'From Direct Action to Affirmative Action: Fair Employment Law and Policy in America 1933-1972'
Authors: Moen Ole
Published: March 2020

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Daniel Patrick Moynihan's 'Miles to Go: A Personal History of Social Policy'
Authors: Mauli David C.
Published: March 2020

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David E. Nye's 'Narratives and Spaces: Technology and the Construction of American Culture, Representing American Culture
Authors: Dalsgaard Inger H.
Published: March 2020

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Jopi Nyman's ' Men Alone Masculinity, Individualism and Hard-Boded Fiction
Authors: Zaborowska Magdalena J.
Published: March 2020

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Thomas H. O'Connor's 'The Boston Irisk: A Political History'
Authors: Boss Michael
Published: March 2020

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Scott DeVeaux: The Birth of BeBop: A Social and Musical History.
Authors: Thomsen Christen K
Published: March 2020

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Sigmund Ro's 'Literavy America. An Introduction to the Literature of the United States'
Authors: Goldblatt Roy
Published: March 2020

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Gerhard Hoffmann and Alfred Hornung (eds): 'Emotion in Postmodernism'
Authors: Bødker Henrik
Published: March 2020

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Sand Granules Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Seed Extract) sebagai Larvasida Alami Pemberantas Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Rukminingsih Fef , Pujiastuti Anasthasia
Published: March 2020

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) threatens people in the rainy season. DHF is one of the major public health problems in Indonesia. These problems encourage an effort to eradicate  Ae. aegypti larvae by using natural larvicide. One of the plants that can be used as natural larvicides is avocado seeds (Persea americana Seed) which contain saponin. This study aims to determine the larvacidal activity of avocado seed extract sandgranules with LC50 of 8.87 mg.mL-1 against Ae. aegypti larvae. This study is an experimental research with a complete random design in a unidirectional pattern. The independent variable in this study is the variation concentration of Explotab as a disintegrant agent ie 2, 3, and 4%. Sand granules of avocado seed extract are made by wet granulation method. Results of the larvacidal activity test of  avocado seed extract sand granules were analyzed by calculating the percentage of larvae mortality and statistical analysis using SPSS. The results of this study is the larvacidal activity of pure avocado seed extract with LC50 8.87 mg. L-1 is greater than the avocado seed extract sand granules. The addition of Explotab did not affect the total larvae mortality, but there was a significant difference in larvae mortality at 5 hours of sand granules exposure with explotab concentration of 3% and 4% (a significance value <0.05).
Aktivitas Anti Inflamasi dan Penyembuhan Luka dari Ekstrak Kulit Batang Murbei (Morus alba L.)
Authors: Lallo Subehan , Hardianti Besse , Umar Halim , Trisurani Widya , Wahyuni Andi , Latifah Mauizatul
Published: March 2020

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of some tropical diseases and also popular using for silkworm feed. On this research, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of the bark extract has been investigated in vivo. The bark was extracted with three organic solvent in a different polarity to carry out a group compounds in n-hexane extract (EH), Eto-Ac extract (EE), and EtOH extract (EO). Anti-inflammatory was investigated on inflammatory mice induced by 1% carrageenan. Among the extract (200mg/kg BW), EE showed strongly decrease inflammation by 42% than the other extract and stronger than the positive control, Na-diclofenac. Further investigation on healing effect of wound and burn injury which was tested at concentration of 1% topically to each extract. All the extract significantly showed healing activity, among them EE was observed as the stronger one while slightly less than the positive control. This result indicated that the most active compounds on anti-inflammatory and healing wounded was extracted with ethyl acetate that could be used for drug discovery.
Uji Antiangiogenesis Secara In Vivo Ekstrak Etanol Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea Robusta) dengan Metode Chorio Allantoic Membrane (CAM)
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Alyidrus Rugayyah
Published: March 2020

Angiogenesis is a process of forming new capillaries found in the blood vessel system. Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis which includes several biological processes. Cancer cells require a supply of nutrients through the blood vessels to grow and develop so that the cancer cells secrete growth substances to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels to meet their nutritional supply. Robusta coffee beans (C.robusta) contain compounds that function as strong antioxidants namely Chlorogenic acid which is a polyphenol group compound that is thought to have antiangiogenesis effects. This study aims to look at the antiangiogenesis potential of robusta coffee bean ethanol extract (C.robusta) with the Chorio Allantoic Membrane (CAM) method and determine the concentration of robusta coffee bean extract (C.robusta) which has the potential as an antiangiogenesis. Antiangiogenesis test using the Chorio Allantoic Membrane (CAM) method using 9-day-old chicken eggs. In this study eggs were divided into 4 groups, group I was the untreated group, groups II, III, IV were groups that were given ethanol extract of robusta coffee beans (C.robusta) with concentrations of 6000 μg/ml, 5500 µg/ml respectively. and 5000 µg/ml. The eggs are re-incubated for 72 hours. In this study, a macroscopic semi-quantitative score was observed. The score data obtained were analyzed statistically by the One Way Anova test. Based on the Saphiro Wilk normality test results, the results of observations of antiangiogenesis in ethanol extracts of Robusta (Coffea robusta) concentrations of 6000 μg/ml, 5500 μg/ml, and 5000 μg/ml obtained a significance value of 0.248 (p>0.05). Continuing the One Way Anova test in the antiangiogenesis test obtained a significance value of 0.007 (p<0.05). Then proceed with the Post Hoc Test. In the test group the concentration of 6000 µg/ml, 5500 µg/ml, and 5000 µg/ml had a value of p>0.05 which means that there were no differences between groups in inhibiting angiogenesis. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of robusta coffee beans (C. robusta) 6000 μg/ml, 5500 μg/ml, and 5000 μg/ml has antiangiogenesis effect on Chorio Allantoic Membrane (CAM) of chicken embryo.
Seftarolin, Antibiotik Baru dengan Aktivitas Anti-MRSA: Sebuah Kajian Efektivitas, Keamanan, dan Biaya Penggunaan
Authors: Halim Steven Victoria , Setiawan Eko
Published: March 2020

A growing problem in the medical field is the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens. One reason this development is so important is that in recent years there is a shortage of new antibiotics in development to combat resistant pathogens. It worths to mention that while 19 new antibiotics were released in the period 1980 to 1984, this had dropped to just three in the period 2005 to 2009. Ironically, the shortage of new antibiotics occur in the era where growing number of pathogens develop resistance to multiple antibiotics that previously effectively used to treat the infections. As a consequent, it is essential that the efficacy of last resort antibiotics, including the new antibiotics, be maintained as long as possible. Ceftaroline is a new antibiotic in Indonesia market which has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity and it belongs to the cephalosporins. Further understanding related to basic profile of ceftaroline, efficacy and safety, cost, and place in therapy is needed to optimize the responsible used of ceftaroline in daily medical practice
Combination Therapy With Canagliflozin Plus Liraglutide Exerts Additive Effect on Weight Loss, but Not on HbA1c, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ali Ali Muhammed , Martinez Robert , Al-Jobori Hussein , Adams John , Triplitt Curtis , DeFronzo Ralph , Cersosimo Eugenio , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effect of combination therapy with canagliflozin plus liraglutide on HbA1c, endogenous glucose production (EGP), and body weight versus each therapy alone.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Forty-five patients with poorly controlled (HbA1c 7–11%) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin with or without sulfonylurea received a 9-h measurement of EGP with [3-3H]glucose infusion, after which they were randomized to receive 1) liraglutide 1.2 mg/day (LIRA), 2) canagliflozin 100 mg/day (CANA), or 3) liraglutide 1.2 mg plus canagliflozin 100 mg (CANA/LIRA) for 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, the EGP measurement was repeated.

RESULTS

The mean decrease from baseline to 16 weeks in HbA1c was −1.67 ± 0.29% (P = 0.0001), −0.89 ± 0.24% (P = 0.002), and −1.44 ± 0.39% (P = 0.004) in patients receiving CANA/LIRA, CANA, and LIRA, respectively. The decrease in body weight was −6.0 ± 0.8 kg (P < 0.0001), −3.5 ± 0.5 kg (P < 0.0001), and −1.9 ± 0.8 kg (P = 0.03), respectively. CANA monotherapy caused a 9% increase in basal rate of EGP (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by a 50% increase (P < 0.05) in plasma glucagon-to-insulin ratio. LIRA monotherapy reduced plasma glucagon concentration and inhibited EGP. In CANA/LIRA-treated patients, EGP increased by 15% (P < 0.05), even though the plasma insulin response was maintained at baseline and the CANA-induced rise in plasma glucagon concentration was blocked.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate that liraglutide failed to block the increase in EGP caused by canagliflozin despite blocking the rise in plasma glucagon and preventing the decrease in plasma insulin concentration caused by canagliflozin. The failure of liraglutide to prevent the increase in EGP caused by canagliflozin explains the lack of additive effect of these two agents on HbA1c.
Mikro Şebekelerde Güç Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi için D-STATCOM Tasarımı ve Analizi
Authors: KABALCI Ersan , TAŞDEMİR Oğuz
Published: March 2020

Endüstriyel uygulamalarda kullanılan yüklerin büyük bir kısmı gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte endüktif yüklerden oluşmaktadır. Endüktif yükler, yapıları gereği endüktif reaktif enerji tüketmektedirler. Tüketilen bu reaktif enerji, sistemin kalitesinde ve verimliliğinde düşüşe ve güç faktöründe sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Esnek alternatif akım iletim sistemleri (FACTS), güç sisteminin performansını ve kalitesini arttırmada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. FACTS sistemiyle donatılmış bir güç sisteminin kontrolü daha hızlı ve kolaydır. Dağıtım Statik Senkron Kompanzatör (D-STATCOM), güç kalitesini arttırmak için kullanılan en yaygın FACTS cihazıdır. Reaktif güç kontrolü için kullanılan D-STATCOM, dağıtım sistemlerinde güç kalitesini arttırmak amacıyla kullanılan şönt bir cihazdır. D-STATCOM şebeke ile reaktif güç alış verişinde bulunarak gerilim dalgalanmalarını önler. Bu çalışmada, güç kalitesi problemlerinin kaynağında yok edilebilmesi için dağıtım hattıyla reaktif güç alışverişi yapan ve gerilim kaynaklı dönüştürücü temeline dayanan D-STATCOM’un modellenmesi MATLAB Simulink kullanılarak yapılmış ve benzetim sonuçları incelenmiştir. Modellenen sistemde, 4 km uzunluğunda bir dağıtım hattı, hat sonunda kompanzasyon için kullanılan D-STATCOM, 16,40 kVA (10kW+13kVAR) ve 22,36 kVA (10kW+20kVAR) gücünde iki ayrı test yükü kullanılmıştır. Bu yüklerin dağıtım hattında meydana getirdiği güç kalitesi problemleri modellenen D-STATCOM aracılığıyla giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan benzetime göre, D-STATCOM şebekeye bağlandığında, sistemdeki gerilim dalgalanmasının ve toplam harmonik distorisyonunun (THD) büyük oranda azaldığı doğrulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, D-STATCOM’un şebekedeki değişken yüklerin neden olduğu gerilim artışını veya çökmesini büyük ölçüde giderdiği, güç kaybını azalttığı ve buna bağlı olarak da gerilim kararlılığını arttırdığı gösterilmiştir.
Language input, learning environment, and motivation of a successful EFL learner
Authors: Nugroho Arif , Zamzami M. Rizal Akbar , Ukhrowiyah Nur Farah
Published: March 2020

The present study involved one EFL learner who was regarded as successful, not only of understanding second language acquisition theories but also of demonstrating exceptional language skills thus far. An in-depth semi-structured interview was administered with three key objectives – to identify features of language inputs that enable her to develop English skills, to investigate her situation of the learning environment, and to reveal her motivation in learning the language. The participant was a successful EFL learner who was determined by the excellent TOEFL score and performed an outstanding achievement in English proven by the academic transcript. The data were gathered by means of a semi-structured interview and analyzed through the transcription process, coding, and drawing the conclusion. The results indicated that joining an intensive class and integrating English in her daily activities had primarily contributed to her language skill improvement. While the physical environment slightly provided a conducive environment for learning English, her academic environment was steadily supporting her. In addition to the importance of English in her future, the participant was successful in keeping her motivation to learn the language. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of how Indonesian EFL learners successfully acquire a foreign language.
LINE application: An alternative tool to develop writing abilities
Authors: Jumariati Jumariati , Febriyanti Emma Rosana
Published: March 2020

This study tried to reveal the potential use of LINE application in developing students’ writing abilities through blended learning. It employed a quasi-experimental design which involved thirty-nine students of the advanced writing course. The experimental group was taught by using process and product approach combined with LINE application with teacher’s and classmates’ feedbacks while the control group was taught by using a conventional method without LINE application. The data were the result of students’ writings collected by using a writing test and scoring rubric as the instruments. The analysis of the students’ scores was carried out by employing the independent sample t-test. The finding showed that there was a significant effect of the use of LINE application on the students’ writing abilities. Furthermore, the differences were found in the components of vocabulary, grammar, organization, content, and mechanics. The study concluded that LINE application was a potential tool to develop students’ abilities in writing provided that it was combined with teachers’ and classmates’ feedback which facilitated students’ writing improvement.
Teaching English using a genre pedagogy to Islamic junior high school students
Authors: Aunurrahman Aunurrahman , Hikmayanti Any , Yuliana Yuliana
Published: March 2020

This descriptive qualitative study aims to find out how a genre pedagogy is used to teaching the English language. A class consisted of thirty-six students of a public Islamic junior high school was selected purposefully as participants. The data collection involved participant observation, field notes, and documents, in this case, the students' works. The participant observations were conducted in four meetings. During the observations, this study collected the students’ works purposefully. The data analysis used two techniques, namely the thematic analysis to analyze the field notes and functional grammar framework to analyze the students’ independent construction texts. The findings of the study reveal that the students could practice daily life texts in pairs and write a daily life text independently, critically, and creatively as they managed to work on their own and to use specific information, expressions, and contexts in their texts as demanded by the government and the 21st century. This could be achieved as the researcher applied genre pedagogy teaching procedures, explicit teaching, and scaffolding to ensure the students could do the work effectively. This study suggests teachers apply genre-pedagogy teaching procedures and principles to ensure the students could learn English better.
The English teachers’ challenges in TOEFL preparation for senior high school students
Authors: Akmal Saiful , Risdaneva Risdaneva , Habiburrahim Habiburrahim , Sari Maulina
Published: March 2020

This descriptive qualitative study was aimed at discovering English language teachers’ challenges in teaching TOEFL preparation for senior high school students. The data were collected by using an in-depth interview with six experienced and qualified English language teachers teaching TOEFL in the three-state and private senior high schools in Aceh province, Indonesia. Open, axial, and selective coding techniques were used to analyze the data from in-depth interviews. The results show that teachers faced some challenges during teaching TOEFL preparation for senior high school students including students’ different language proficiency, their lack of vocabulary mastery, their fatigue, their passive attitude, class size, and time limitation. The findings recommend the further idea to organize a more organized preparation TOEFL program for high school students that can be integrated into the existing curriculum, and thus it will no longer be viewed merely as an extracurricular program.
Администрирование социального обеспечения: некоторые тенденции и перспективы
Authors: Грищенко Наталья
Published: March 2020

Демографические и технологические изменения такие, как старение населения и цифровизация, оказывают глобальное влияние на социальную сферу и рынок труда. Трансформация традиционной модели занятости с расширением неформальных трудовых отношений и трудовой мобильности, а также сокращением налоговых (страховых) поступлений от трудовых контрактов определяют соответствующую трансформацию социального обеспечения и его администрирования. В тоже время электронные и интернет-технологии заменяют предоставление социальных услуг в бумажном формате с присутствием получателей таких услуг. Как ответ на эти вызовы для администрирования социального обеспечения внедряются новые подходы, что происходит неравномерно в разных странах. Какие тенденции в администрировании социального обеспечения, «лучшие практики» станут ведущими в будущем? Какой опыт может рассматриваться как пример? Этим вопросам посвящен данный обзор, который может быть интересен для понимания перспектив социального обеспечения и его администрирования.
«Hágase mi voluntad», de Ángelo Néstore
Authors: Plaza González Pedro J.
Published: March 2020

Reseña del libro Hágase mi voluntad (Valencia, Pre-Textos, 2020), de Ángelo Néstore
The Concept of Wasatiyyah in The Views of al-Zamakhshari and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī
Authors: Tumin Tumin , Mansir Firman , Purnomo Halim
Published: March 2020

Bombings in the name of Islam, such as in Turkey, Indonesia, and the French have damaged the integrity of Islam. These acts of extremism are ubiquitous and lead to Islamophobia especially in western countries. While in fact, Islam has taught and promoted the concept of moderation (wasatiyyah) since its emergence in order to avoid extremism among humankind. One of the main underpinning verses in the Qur’an that talks about the concept of wasatiyyah is Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 143. This paper explores two different views of theological schools, namely Al-Zamakhshari, who represents the Mu‘tazilites and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, who represents the Ash’arites in dealing with the verse and its interpretations. In its analysis, the paper applied a theological approach to analyze the primary materials. It is expected that the findings will help in the implementation of the concept of moderation (Wasatiyyah) in the contemporary era. Finally, it will also serve as a guide on the ideal way of practicing Islam in order to eliminate and reduce extremism and foster peaceful co-existence between Muslims and adherents of other religions in the world.Pemboman atas nama Islam, seperti di Turki, Indonesia, dan Prancis telah merusak integritas Islam. Tindakan ekstremisme ini ada di mana-mana dan mengarah ke Islamofobia terutama di negara-negara barat. Padahal sebenarnya, Islam telah mengajarkan dan mempromosikan konsep moderasi (wasatiyyah) sejak kemunculannya untuk menghindari ekstremisme di antara umat manusia. Salah satu ayat utama yang mendasari dalam Al-Qur'an yang berbicara tentang konsep wasatiyyah adalah Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 143. Makalah ini mengeksplorasi dua pandangan yang berbeda dari sekolah-sekolah teologis, yaitu Al-Zamakhshari, yang mewakili Mu'tazilah dan Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, yang mewakili kaum Ash'ari dalam kaitannya dengan ayat dan interpretasinya. Dalam analisisnya, makalah ini menerapkan pendekatan teologis untuk menganalisis bahan-bahan primer. Diharapkan temuan ini akan membantu dalam penerapan konsep moderasi (wasatiyyah) di era kontemporer. Akhirnya, itu juga akan berfungsi sebagai panduan tentang cara ideal mempraktikkan Islam untuk menghilangkan dan mengurangi ekstrimisme dan menumbuhkan ko-eksistensi damai antara Muslim dan penganut agama lain di dunia.
La muerte en el materialismo filosófico de Gustavo Bueno
Authors: Alvargonzález David
Published: March 2020

Tras una breve introducción al materialismo filosófico de Gustavo Bueno y a su antropología, se expone su teoría acerca de la diferencia entre individuo humano y persona, y se distingue entre la muerte del individuo humano biológico y el fallecimiento de la persona humana. Se pasa, entonces, a presentar la diferencia entra las normas éticas, morales y políticas, con el objeto de discutir el significado de una muerte buena y un buen fallecimiento desde cada uno de esos tres sistemas axiológicos. Por último, se expone y discute, tanto desde un punto de vista ético como político, la teoría de la «eutanasia procesal» propuesta por Gustavo Bueno.
Dinámica de la otra vida en la filosofía de Unamuno
Authors: Orringer Nelson
Published: March 2020

Unamuno concibe la otra vida en su óptima forma como un dinamismo en el sentido zubiriano. Ha leído en el Libro de Job la visión de vida y muerte como una conscripción militar o como una contratación laboral. El relato unamuniano «Juan Manso. Cuento de muertos» (1892) rechaza la mansedumbre, favoreciendo una «embestida» existencial antes y después de morir. La crisis de 1897 a 1902 hace a Unamuno temer la nada y buscar alivio en una pasajera conversión al protestantismo liberal. Pero cuando la inseguridad regresa, convierte su incertidumbre de la salvación en punto de partida para su filosofía trágica de la religión. En cuatro sucesivas fases, profundiza cada vez más en su concepción dinámica de la vida eterna: en Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho, en el Tratado del amor de Dios; en Del sentimiento trágico, y en La agonía del cristianismo.
Fernando Savater: la vida a la luz de la muerte
Authors: Bonete Perales Enrique
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo sobre las reflexiones del escritor vasco en torno a la muerte me ceñiré a aquellas obras de carácter filosófico en las que el tema es tratado con cierto detenimiento. Si bien es verdad que en los primeros escritos hace alguna mención breve a esta cuestión, donde propiamente la desarrolla con mayor esmero y originalidad es en cinco obras, de las que ofreceré una síntesis de las ideas más relevantes, con alguna que otra concisa crítica, a fin de no superar la extensión concedida. He aquí las obras principales en las que se pronuncia sobre la muerte: Política para Amador (PA), Diccionario filosófico (DF), Despierta y lee (DL), Las preguntas de la vida (PV) y La vida eterna (VE). Leídas globalmente se pueden extraer diversos temas entremezclados, algunos tratados por clásicos filósofos, otros no. Por una mayor claridad serán aquí diferenciados y ordenados con el propósito de que resulte la presentación de esta dimensión de la ética savateriana más coherente y didáctica.
La muerte en José Luis L. Aranguren
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Carlos
Published: March 2020

Tras delinear los intereses y líneas básicas del pensamiento de Aranguren, se consideran sus reflexiones sobre el tema de la muerte, principalmente en su Ética de 1958, pero también en artículos y obras posteriores.
El problema de la muerte en Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Pérez Cornejo Manuel
Published: March 2020

El artículo analiza el concepto de la «muerte» en la filosofía del pensador español Xavier Zubiri, quien rechazó la habitual división del ser humano en cuerpo (mortal) y alma (inmortal), y propuso una concepción del hombre entendido como «totalidad psico-física». Esta concepción implica necesariamente la mortalidad del individuo, pero bajo la influencia del teólogo francés M.-É. Boismard, Zubiri plantea un concepto de «resurrección» del hombre como un todo, considerando un error hablar solo de una resurrección del cuerpo. Zubiri piensa que, gracias a su libertad, el sujeto puede construir una «figura eterna» de su ser, que permanece para siempre, y alcanza la gracia de la vida eterna, dependiendo de que dicha figura la haya construido el sujeto en versión o aversión hacia la realidad suprema: Dios.