bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occlusal Concepts and Considerations in Fixed Prosthodontics
Authors: Amin Kiran , Vere Joseph , Thanabalan Naren , Elmougy Abdulrahman
Published: October 2020

The UK has an increasingly ageing population, many of whom are retaining more of their own teeth. This has led to an increase in the prevalence of tooth wear and the need to replace pre-existing failing restorations. In many cases this will be achieved by fixed prosthodontics. This paper provides a brief overview of important occlusal concepts that should be considered when providing non-implant fixed prosthodontics using either a conformative or reorganised approach. The aim is to give general dental practitioners the confidence to provide these types of restorations in primary care. Clinical cases demonstrate how the occlusion can be controlled to optimise clinical outcomes.
Periodontitis—A Silent Risk that Has Become Louder
Authors: D'Cruz Len
Published: October 2020

This article reviews the key aspects of reducing the litigation aspects of the management of periodontal diseases and in particular periodontitis. Litigation arising from gingivitis, the other type of periodontal disease, is very rare and is therefore not considered in this article. This paper considers diagnosis, record keeping, communication, management of periodontitis including non-engaging patients and referrals. It provides guidance to reduce risks and improve the care for patients.
The Management of Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement
Authors: Zoheir Noha , Hughes Francis J.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Drug-influenced gingival enlargement (DIGE) is a reaction to specific medications, namely phenytoin, ciclosporin and calcium channel blockers. DIGE is encountered increasingly in clinical practice due to the widespread use of calcium channel blocker drugs particularly. Approaches to its management are discussed in this review.

Methods

Narrative review of the literature and discussion of clinical implications.

Findings

Management of DIGE involves nonsurgical treatment and may require surgical reduction of the overgrown gingival tissues. Management is complicated by the difficulties in achieving adequate plaque control, given the unfavourable contour of the enlarged gingival tissues, and the high frequency of recurrence of DIGE after surgical management. Replacing the drug involved can be very beneficial in selected cases, but the management of the underlying medical condition limits its application. The decision to replace a drug is not the responsibility of the dental practitioner, but the patient's physician may make it after consultation.

Conclusions

Management of DIGE can be challenging and may require close co-operation between the dental practitioner and a hygienist, a periodontist and the patient's physician. Long term supportive maintenance programmes need to be in place for optimal outcomes.
Gingival Recession —Causes and Management
Authors: Baker Paul
Published: October 2020

Gingival recession of varying extent and severity is increasingly encountered in general dental practice. This paper outlines the aetiology of recession and discusses management strategies, both conservative and complex. It also highlights when to intervene and what outcomes may be expected.
REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION THROUGH HARGREAVES METHOD USING THE SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION FOR GOIÁS STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Leite Caio Vinicius , Casaroli Derblai , Vicente Marcelo Rossi , Maia Aveiro Raphael Cessa , Alves Júnior José
Published: October 2020

This study evaluated the Hargreaves model (HG) with seasonal adjustments of the calibration coefficient (Krs) of the radiation equation to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in 23 weather stations in Goiás State, Brazil, in comparison to the Penman-Monteith FAO (PM-FAO) standard method. The models were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Willmott’s agreement index, relative error, absolute mean error and root mean square error. The Krs values ranged from 0.146 to 0.189 ° C-0.5, while ETo PM-FAO ranged from 3.68 to 4.79 mm d-1; ETo HG from 3.99 to 5.16 mm d-1 and ETo HG-Krs from 4.15 to 5.02 mm d-1 in the annual period. Seasonal adjustments resulted in values of 0.144 to 0.205 ° C-0.5 for the dry period, from April to September, and 0.144 to 0.146 ° C-0.5 for the rainy period, from October to March. The first quarter (summer), presented Krs values from 0.150 to 0.175 ° C-0.5; the second quarter (autumn), from 0.154 to 0.218 ° C-0.5; the third quarter (winter), from 0.139 to 0.206 ° C-0.5; and, finally, the fourth quarter (spring) of 0.141 to 0.166 ° C-0.5. Thus, the use of the seasonally adjusted model proved to be viable for the estimation of ETo, in view of the simplicity and its good adherence to the standard method.
Simple model for the nonlinear optical response of dimer-doped waveguides
Authors: Sánchez A. D. , Linale N. , Grosz D. F.
Published: October 2020

We put forth a simple model that allows us to obtain the nonlinear coefficient of a waveguide doped with dimers of Ag and Au, and study its unique nonlinear optical properties through the recently introduced photon-conserving nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We calculate the doped-waveguide effective third-order susceptibility based on the Maxwell Garnett model and its extension to nonlinear optics. In particular, our model captures the nature of the plasmon hybridization in an equivalent single nanoparticle whose dielectric function and size are derived. As a result, we obtain a gap-dependent nonlinear coefficient significantly higher than that of waveguides doped with single nanoparticles. Finally, a modulation-instability analysis reveals a complex nonlinear response from the waveguide depending upon the dimer gap, including the emergence of ultra-narrow gain bands. We believe these findings to be of singular relevance in the engineering of photonic devices based on nanoparticle-doped waveguides.
Efficient tandem organic light-emitting diodes with non-doped structures
Authors: Qin Yue , Liu Chen-Yang , Li Rui-Qing , Wang Jiong , Lu Ya-Nan , Chen Yue-Hua , Wang Yu-Zhu , Xu Ya-Nan , Zhang Xin-Wen , Huang Wei
Published: October 2020

Highly efficient tandem organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) were achieved based on a non-doped charge generation unit (CGU) consisting of LiF/Al/C60/4,4’,4”-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino) triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) and ultrathin emitting layers. The current–voltage characteristics of the CGU devices and electron-only devices and the capacitance–voltage characteristics of the CGU-based capacitance devices were characterized to explore the charge generation and injection mechanisms. The charge generation process occurs at the interface of C60/m–MTDATA through electron transferring from the highest occupied molecular orbital of m-MTDATA to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of C60. It is found that the thinner C60 layer contributes to efficient electron injection. Under the optimal structure, the blue TOLEDs exhibit a maximum current efficiency (

C
E

max

) of 43.3 cd/A. The

C
E

max

and maximum external quantum efficiency (

E
Q
E

max

) of the white TOLEDs reach 84.6 cd/A and 26.7%, respectively.
Proteomic fingerprinting of Neotropical hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) using a self-curated mass spectra reference library
Authors: Gittens Rolando A. , Almanza Alejandro , Bennett Kelly L. , Mejía Luis C. , Sanchez-Galan Javier E. , Merchan Fernando , Kern Jonathan , Miller Matthew J. , Esser Helen J. , Hwang Robert , Dong May , De León Luis F. , Álvarez Eric , Loaiza Jose R.
Published: October 2020

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry is an analytical method that detects macromolecules that can be used for proteomic fingerprinting and taxonomic identification in arthropods. The conventional MALDI approach uses fresh laboratory-reared arthropod specimens to build a reference mass spectra library with high-quality standards required to achieve reliable identification. However, this may not be possible to accomplish in some arthropod groups that are difficult to rear under laboratory conditions, or for which only alcohol preserved samples are available. Here, we generated MALDI mass spectra of highly abundant proteins from the legs of 18 Neotropical species of adult field-collected hard ticks, several of which had not been analyzed by mass spectrometry before. We then used their mass spectra as fingerprints to identify each tick species by applying machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms that combined unsupervised and supervised clustering approaches. Both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classification algorithms were able to identify spectra from different tick species, with LDA achieving the best performance when applied to field-collected specimens that did have an existing entry in a reference library of arthropod protein spectra. These findings contribute to the growing literature that ascertains mass spectrometry as a rapid and effective method to complement other well-established techniques for taxonomic identification of disease vectors, which is the first step to predict and manage arthropod-borne pathogens.
The Challenges of Constructing the Connectivity between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Malacca Strait
Authors: Irewati Awani
Published: October 2020

Today, people have lived in one integrated  space that make all their  needs and activities can be served quickly and they become interdependent . In line with that,  the implementation of connectivity concept within community, automatically, becomes inherent in their social and economic activities.Therefore, people need to construct connectivity in all activities. Even within the bigger community like ASEAN Community, people become more involved  in a cohesive and competitive situation in order to fulfill the desired goals. Referring to one of President Jokowi's maritime development programs, namely "Toll Laut", it is the Indonesia government's target to construct/ build up the potential regional zone as strategic hub that connects with its neighboring countries. The long-lived relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia in regards of the Malacca Strait has been articulated in numerous activities. This is in accordance with what the needs of coastal community of the two countries . In this case, Medan and Dumai of Sumatera Island in Indonesia are the two cities which have traditionally  established people to people connectivity with Penang  and Melaka cities of Malaysia. In the context of  ASEAN Community,  such a connectivity has been part of the ASEAN Community target. There are three elements inherent in the connectivity concept, namely infrastructures, institutions and people to people. The two Indonesia coastal regions in this regards need to construct the other two concepts of connectivity  in order to obtain the “normal” connectivity which is the prerequisite to connect Indonesia and Malaysia  in the Malacca Strait. This becomes a big challenge for the Indonesia to fulfill the target of competitive,cohesive and inclusive sub-regional connectivity development. This paper aims at scrutinizing the main quest, which focuses on the challenges faced by Indonesia in building up /constructing the maritime connectivity with Malaysia in the Malacca Strait. The paper  is in favor of the argument that the Indonesia’s maritime corridors [Dumai and Medan] seem to have problem. The maritime connectivity between the two countries has  not built adequately. In this regards, the government should streamline the management system linked to the internal connectivity issue.
Labor Absorption, Inflation Volatility, and Inflation Targeting Framework (ITF): The Case of Three Economic Sectors in Indonesia
Authors: Meilianna Ruth
Published: October 2020

Labor is one of the important inputs which affecting shocks in economy. Various economic problems increase when unemployment is high. High volatility (uncertainty) at prices (this study used inflation), is a risk for the company. When facingthe uncertainty, the company can choose to delay investing and change the decisions in recruitment plan; it is used to collect the information about prices before investing (this conceptcalled Irreversible Investment), subsequently cause a reduction in labor absorption. Moreover, this uncertainty is a cost for the company. This condition makes it difficult for companies to determine the optimal number and combination of inputs (including labor), as consequences the company has to decide reducing the inputs. Inflation Targeting Framework (ITF) is one of the frameworks used by Bank Indonesia and the government to reduce and stabilize inflation. There are pros and cons of the irreversible investment concept and the success of the ITF. This study aims to determine whether uncertainty in inflation (illustrated by inflation volatility) affects investment and labor absorption. In addition, it is to find out whether the ITF has succeeded in making inflation stable and affecting other macroeconomic variables. The data used are annual data from volatility of inflation, employment, investment, GDP and ITF dummy. This study used three sectors in Indonesia, for instance, the industrial; trade, restaurants, accommodation services and transportation sector; and transportation, warehousing and communication, because of limited data. The result of this study was that volatility affect the labor absorption, both directly and indirectly (through investment). Furthermore, the ITF has affected the volatility of inflation.
The Meaning of Diasporic Identity: A Case of Indonesian Community Overseas
Authors: Oktafiani Irin
Published: October 2020

This paper argues that the term of the diaspora in Indonesia has been transformed and simplified from the general diaspora concept and its conceptual meaning is not enough to define the Indonesian diaspora. The Indonesian government have already made a clear characteristic of Indonesian diaspora through the Presidential Regulation No. 76 of 2017, it is stated implicitly that Indonesian diaspora is whoever living abroad, despite they only live there for a short period. Regardless of what the Indonesian government has done to define the meaning of the diaspora, thedefinition is not enough to explain about Indonesian diaspora. By any conditions, the Indonesian government could not neglect the history of some Indonesian political refugees in 1965 or 1998 since there was a painful history left behind and it is unsure whether they want to recognize themselves again as Indonesia. On the other hand, the second generation or more of Indonesian who already got another country citizenship, can not be guaranteed to have a sense of belonging with Indonesia and want to recognize that they have Indonesian descent. This paper will elucidate what really matters in the term of Indonesian diaspora in the sense of belonging and the confession that they are being attached to Indonesia.
Turning of Cow Stomach, a Slaughter House Byproduct into Value-added Products
Authors: Naher Umme Habiba Bodrun , Rahman Md. Bazlur , Zahid Md. Tanjid Ahmed
Published: October 2020

This study investigates to turn the stomach of cow into exotic leather and then leather products that would add value to the end of leather industry. For this purpose, three pieces of cow stomachs are taken to convert into leather through pre-tanning, tanning and post tanning operations i.e. soaking, liming, deliming, bating, pickling, tanning, retanning, dyeing, fatliquoring, finishing etc. Some mechanical operations are also carried out, such as drying and stacking. Several mechanical investigations have been conducted, including tensile strength, stitch tear strength colour rub fastness and shrinkage temperature in order to assess the overall physical properties of prepared leather. Chemical analyses have also been carried out (chromic oxide content, fat content and pH) to find out the quality of leather. It is observed that tensile and stitch tear strengths are much lower than any of the grained upper leather. But the results demonstrate that colour rub fastness is good enough to meet the standard value. Among the different chemical analyses, pH and % of fat content meet the standard value, but chromic oxide content (%) of one sample is below than the standard value of grained upper leather. All these might be due to the prevalence of difference in composition between hide/skin and the stomach of animals. The prepared stomach leather could be used in making of fancy leather goods like key ring, wrist watch belt, hair clip, bracelet etc.
O Brasil de Alexandre Dumas: crítica, recepção e circulação de O Conde de Monte Christo no Jornal do Commercio
Authors: Ribeiro de Sant'Ana Mateus
Published: October 2020

Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870) foi um escritor francês que durante sua carreira escreveu uma série de peças e romances que tinham lugar principalmente no passado, seja ele distante ou próximo de seu tempo. Em O Conde de Monte-Christo, uma de suas principais obras e que se passa entre 1815 e 1839, Dumas explora principalmente o conflito entre o bonapartismo e o realismo dentro da sociedade francesa, usando esse cenário conflituoso como espaço fundamental para o desenvolvimento dos personagens e das intrigas que os rodeiam. A obra, publicada no Brasil entre 1845 e 1846 no Jornal do Commercio, teve enorme sucesso dentre os brasileiros, o que torna possível levantar questionamentos sobre a maneira com que o leitor brasileiro poderia interpretar o uso da história francesa presente no romance. Desse modo, esse trabalho visa compreender com que olhos o público carioca do Jornal do Commercio relaciona os conteúdos das obras de Dumas, fortemente ligados à história nacional francesa, com uma possível criação de uma recém nascida nacionalidade brasileira. Partimos então a partir da questão sobre o olhar que os leitores do jornal viam as obras do autor: levando em grande consideração os elementos da história francesa e até mesmo os tendo como de grande importância e parte de sua identidade nacional, ou deixando esses aspectos de lado em prol de uma intriga característica do romance folhetinesco.
Movimentos transnacionais e construções identitárias: analisando a impermanência e a fluidez na narrativa de Adriana Lisboa
Authors: Santana Fábio , Valim de Melo Cimara
Published: October 2020

A contemporaneidade trouxe consigo a (des/re)construção da noção de identidade, a qual passa da fixidez à fluidez. A partir dessa premissa, o presente artigo visa à análise do processo de construção identitária individual e coletiva a partir da representação literária, tomando como base o conto “O escritor, sua mulher e o gato”, presente no livro O sucesso (2016), de Adriana Lisboa. Busca-se, assim, compreender como a narrativa brasileira contemporânea, tomando como exemplo o conto, tem representado o indivíduo em termos identitários por meio dos trânsitos realizados pelas personagens. Os estudos de Zygmunt Bauman (1996, 2005, 2012) e Stuart Hall (1996, 2005) sobre identidade, mobilidade e globalização servem como referencial do trabalho, cuja análise parte da fluidez identitária do protagonista em sua relação com elementos simbólicos presentes no texto. Como resultado, observa-se que há uma tendência na narrativa brasileira contemporânea em representar indivíduos fluídos, desenraizados de seus espaços de origem, os quais experimentam a mobilidade sob diferentes perspectivas, trazendo consigo as consequências da globalização em termos culturais.
A AUTORIA NA IMPROVISAÇÃO EM DANÇA
Authors: Araujo Vieira Mariane
Published: October 2020

Este artigo, parte integrante de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento, aborda a questão da autoria nos trabalhos de composição em tempo real em dança. Assim, é proposto neste texto a ideia de que a autoria é vista como uma organização de informações coletivas e compartilhadas elaboradas por um sujeito socialmente inscrito. Dessa forma, a ideia de originalidade e ineditismo de uma obra é questionada, assim como a ideia de autoria como uma função permanente e fixa. Além disso, é abordado que o/a improvisador/a desempenha uma função-autor/a nos trabalhos apresentados em tempo real.
The Tradition of Nyewu Shalawat in Pesantren Miftakhul Jannah, Central Java
Authors: Mahfudin Muhamad
Published: October 2020

This research elaborates the practice of nyewu shalawat (recitation for the praise of the Prophet)) in Pesantren Miftakhul Jannah, Central Java. It focuses on the elaboration on the meaning of the prayers recited throughout the process of running the tradition. As a phenomenological study, it sees the tradition through the perspective of functional theory. It argues that the tradition held by the Pesantren is a sort of living hadith. Not only do the people engage in this tradition have some hadith as the basis, they also regard this tradition as a cult that must not be detached from their lives.
A Critical Study on The Ma’ālim As-Sunna An-Nabawiyya by Ṣāliḥ Asy-Syāmī
Authors: Assagaf Ja'far
Published: October 2020

Asy-Syāmī intended the Ma’ālim as-Sunna an-Nabawiyya to be the fifteenth in the list of the hitherto fourteen hadith books of Muslim. It is made up more concise for the people to access it more easily—of course without deteriorating the fourteen acclaimed primary sources. Reading the book more closely, this article argues that the method asy-Syāmī uses in producing the book triggers hadith scholars to question its worthiness to join the list. I further try to do critique by employing the so-called conventional hadith science recognized widely in Muslim scholarship. I find some aspects in which asy-Syāmī is quite inconsistent in treating the hadith. He take out some parts of hadith text, miscount the total number of the hadith, and do some wrong in classifying and assessing the quality of the hadith. These all make the book unworthy to join the list of primary hadith books for Muslim. However, the book helps Muslim, especially lay Muslim, to understand closer the prophetic hadith.
Un acercamiento fenomenológico a la cuestión de la agencia técnica en Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Basso Monteverde Mercedes Leticia
Published: October 2020

Espacio, cuerpo y hábito delimitan en este trabajo el entorno en el cual se emplaza el tema de la agencia técnica, en tanto una modalidad de la praxis que ejerce el sujeto en el mundo. En Phénoménologie de la perception Merleau-Ponty hace un análisis que ayuda a rastrear cómo se conforma su sentido en relación a la situación a la que se circunscribe el comportamiento del sujeto con los útiles en la experiencia. Una reconstrucción de estas prácticas requerirá exhibir los mecanismos vitales que plasman una versión efectiva del horizonte de posibilidades del útil. Hay algo que escapa a la lectura teórica, que tiene que ver con la fuerza y la intensidad de las percepciones inherentes a la conducta del sujeto «encarnado». Este plus de sentido que excede el rango objetivo contribuye, sin más, a la constitución elemental de la práctica de una manera que sólo una exploración directa del acto y su sentir nos provee. De este modo, se puede abordar la complejidad y limitaciones de la experiencia que aparecen con una lectura inmanente de su sentido.
Análisis de la intervención antrópica en cuerpos de agua: caso caño Banderas, en el municipio Puerto López (Meta, Colombia)
Authors: Castro Garzón Hernando , Torres Flórez Dagoberto , Gallardo Lichaa Nadeska Jenniffer
Published: October 2020

Resumen

Contexto: Puerto López se ubica en el nororiente del departamento del Meta, una distancia de 90 kilómetros de la capital, Villavicencio; es conocido como el centro geográfico de Colombia, y se caracteriza por ser una zona de riqueza hídrica. El caño Banderas es parte de la cuenca del río Meta, al que efluyen el 33 % de las aguas negras del casco urbano, y que se encuentra contaminado por las aguas residuales y basuras.

Método: A través de un enfoque mixto se recopiló información por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas y encuestas, procesadas en Atlas.ti 7 y SPSS 20, respectivamente, estableciendo relaciones para la interpretación de resultados.

Resultados: Se estableció que los impactos generados no han sido mitigados a pesar de los diferentes programas determinados en la planeación municipal; la desigualdad en la condición ciudadana permite la ocupación como el detrimento de zonas de protección ambiental, a la vez que facilita los vertimientos y el depósito de residuos sólidos en ellas.

Conclusiones: Los análisis de la intervención antrópica de cuerpos de agua permiten establecer responsabilidades en los impactos negativos de la zona, así como pormenorizar acciones de mejora para su recuperación acordes al territorio.
Political Science in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century, eds. B. Krauz- Mozer, M. Kułakowska, P. Borowiec, P. Ścigaj, Jagiellonian University Press, Cracow 2015, ss. 612.
Authors: Pawłuszko Tomasz
Published: October 2020

Political Science in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century, eds. B. Krauz- Mozer, M. Kułakowska, P. Borowiec, P. Ścigaj, Jagiellonian University Press, Cracow 2015, ss. 612.
Demokracja bezpośrednia wobec dążeń separatystycznych. Rozważania nad kategorią referendum niepodległościowego
Authors: Czapiewski Tomasz
Published: October 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu było ujęcie referendum niepodległościowego w ramach obecnych w nauce definicji i typologii oraz ukazanie głównych wątpliwości dotyczących politologicznych uwarunkowań oraz funkcji referendum niepodległościowego. Referendum niepodległościowe w większości przypadków uchodzi za szczególny instrument demokracji bezpośredniej i kluczowy etap procesu uzyskiwania własnej państwowości przez ruchy etnoregionalistyczne. Należy je zdefiniować jako głosowanie o charakterze powszechnym, w którym obywatele danego terytorium posiadający czynne prawo wyborcze mogą zadeklarować wolę utworzenia nowego państwa poprzez secesję. Referendum niepodległościowe jest pojęciem, w odniesieniu do którego widoczna jest istotna dysproporcja między liczbą badań empirycznych w formie studium przypadku a liczbą studiów o bardziej generalnym charakterze i teoretycznych ambicjach. Kluczowe problemy dotyczące analizy tej kategorii referendów to: określenie procedury referendum – sposobu inicjacji, warunków wstępnych, osób uprawnionych, treści pytania czy interpretacji wyników. Pamiętać należy o możliwości ustrojowego umocowania instytucji referendum, choć jej realizacja podlega wpływowi czynników bieżących oraz taktycznych decyzji politycznych aktorów, tak jak zwykłe głosowania powszechne.
A feminist approach to security studies
Authors: Gasztold Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The main goal of this article is to present problems related to using a feminist approach in security studies. The starting point are some of the basic terms used in the internally diverse sphere of feminist theory and their application in the field of political science. An attempt is also made to define the objectives of selected feminist studies that can be used in the analysis of domestic and international security issues. The main thesis of the article is the assertion that security studies are dominated by assigned gender stereotypes and meanings embedded in the so-called male gaze.
The Landscape after Brexit as Seen from Ankara. Will the UK’s Divorce from the European Union Additionally Loosen Tights Between Europe and Turkey and Have an Impact on the Future of the Continent?
Authors: Marszałek-Kawa Joanna , Burak Ahmet
Published: October 2020

On 29 March 2017, President of the European Council Donald Tusk received a note from UK Ambassador Tim Barrow. Under the document, the procedure of UK’s leaving of the European Union was initiated.1 Gideon Rachman from “Financial Times” compared Brexit to a divorce, stating that the representative of the British government “granted the divorce papers”, thus beginning a “long (planned for two years) attempt to redefine mutual relations” (Rozpoczyna się Brexit…, 2017). In his announcement for the press, Donald Tusk commented: “There is no reason to pretend that this is a lucky day, both in Brussels and in London […] Most Europeans, including almost a half of British voters, would prefer us to be still together” (Wielka Brytania rozpoczyna…, 2017). The stance of the European Council clearly mirrors the moods caused by the decision on Brexit, which are prevailing among all EU member states. It should be noted, however, that leaving the EU by the Brits not only has an impact on their political situation, but it also determines the actions of states aspiring to become members of the Community. The aim of this paper is to discuss the reasons for Brexit and to present the position of the Turkish government on this issue on the basis of the analysis of press articles and politicians’ speeches. The hypothesis we posed assumes that Brexit meant Turkey losing its most important advocate in the Union. Thus, the future of accession negotiations between Turkey and the European Union has been called into question. One should also wonder to what degree Turkey’s foreign policy priorities, which have already been redefined under the influence of the war in Syria, the battle with ISIS, the immigration crisis and the futile accession process so far, will be affected by the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union. Will Turkey choose to follow the so-called Trexit route, giving up its membership in the EU?
The Image of China and Russia in the US Press During the Pandemic
Authors: Rybalko Mikhail
Published: October 2020

The United States press negatively portrays both Russia and China. During the current pandemic the image of these authoritarian states has become even more negative. The coronavirus situation works as interaction effects when more radical attitudes are reflected in the internet messengers and internet media. Previous media topics of US criticism have given the way to a dominant topic – the Chinese responsibility for a virus. Any success story coming either from China or Russia is doubted or silenced. No positive news can be found in the authoritarian political system. The data based on New York Times publications are used for the content analysis of the image of Russia and China.
An Analysis of NEETs Situation in UE-28 Countries and the Example of Netherlands
Authors: Kusa Natalia , Jasiak Kinga
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to compare a NEET rate in EU-28 countries based on the most recent Eurostat statistical studies, and to solve a research problem concerning the situation of youth on the job market through answering a research question how did the NEETs situation change in the period under question which is 2008–2018. An increase of the negative trend of high unemployment among young people is constant, therefore it seems justified for the analysis to cover the period of ten years, which assumingly allows for the more complex assessment of the investigated issue. The analysis is supplemented by the case study of Netherlands which has the lowest NEET rate and as such stands as the example for the other European countries to follow.
Presidential Campaigns Made by Candidates’ Spouses in 2008 and 2016: a Comparative Study
Authors: Morawska Marta
Published: October 2020

Each presidential candidate in modern political campaigns in the United States needs to have a spouse behind their back. The involvement of recent candidates’ spouses like Michelle Obama and Melania Trump provides researchers with a fresh picture of how a future first lady should or should not behave during campaigning. The interesting matter would be in this article to compare those two candidates’ spouses. Their activities and behavior during their first presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016 will show the differences in Democratic and Republican form of campaigning. The study aims to observe certain regularity in the treatment of spouses during presidential campaigns in the United States. Its goal is to answer what kind of future presidential spousal behavior during campaign is more desirable in order to achieve as many votes as possible. The paper is based on qualitative analysis of already existing data compiled during both elections, as well as critical reading of the literature of the subject. To elaborate, the author will mostly compare the political positions of those two future first ladies – Michelle Obama and Melania Trump – during the mentioned campaigning periods, and also by statistics relating to their presence in media and public appearances.
SŁOWO WSTĘPNE
Authors: Wojciechowski Sebastian
Published: October 2020

.
PIERWSZA „WIELKA DEBATA”? REWIZJONISTYCZNA HISTORIA GENEZY TEORETYZOWANIA W NAUCE O STOSUNKACH MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH
Authors: Gałganek Andrzej
Published: October 2020

W artykule autor koncentruje się na wybranym aspekcie problemu związanym z rozumieniem historii genezy teoretyzowania w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. W szczególności ukazuje jak zwrócenie większej uwagi na stosunek między tekstem i kontekstem może uchronić przed błędną interpretacją kolektywnego historiograficznego rozumienia dyscypliny, a w szczególności genezy teoretyzowania w NSM. Postępowanie to zostało przeprowadzone w oparciu o analizę tekstów i kontekstów teoretyzowania stosunków międzynarodowych dwóch autorów symbolizujących: podejście idealistyczne – Ralpha Normana Angella Lane’a (1872–1967) oraz podejście realistyczne – Hansa J. Morgenthau (1904–1980). Artykuł omawia także najważniejsze ustalenia rewizjonistycznej literatury o Pierwszej „Wielkiej Debacie” i kształtowanie się mitu „Wielkich Debat” jako opisu historii teoretyzowania o stosunkach międzynarodowych.
ARMED CONFLICTS IN AFRICA: FRAGILE STATES AND RISING INSTABILITY
Authors: Van den Bosch Jeroen , Raubo Jacek
Published: October 2020

The first part of this article provides an overview of the development of entrenched armed conflicts in Sub Saharan Africa which continue or have resurfaced in 2016. The author (JVdB) aims to expose the underlying causes and nature of the violent contestation by drawing of the works of C. T. Call in order to break open the black box of ‘failed states’ and analyze their legitimacy, capacity and security gaps separately. In addition the author will provide short scenarios of how these conflicts are likely to evolve in the short and medium-term and which (structural) factors will dominate these trends. The second part of this article (by JR) mainly aims at presenting the basic preconditions for the activities of the major terrorist organizations in Africa. With emphasis on the importance of the north-east and north-west regions of this continent in context of terrorist threats. Hence the initial focus was put on Somalia, which as a permanent fragile state remains under the increased influence of the Jihadist organization Al Shabaab, which is an organization with a high potential for increased capacity in the coming years. Next, was sketched out the situation in Egypt, considering, in essence, the activity of the so-called Islamic State in Sinai Peninsula. In this Analysis it also pointed to the intricate internal situation in modern Libya after so-called Arab Spring and international military intervention, where, despite earlier appearances, the terrorist threat was too much positioned, mostly by comprised to the internal conflict between the different Libyan political parties. Finally, efforts were made to illustrate the current terrorist activity in the Mali area, highlighting the importance of Al Qaeda branch AQIM and the situation in Nigeria where Boko Haram group operates.
BRYTYJSKIE CZASOPISMA NAUKOWE Z OBSZARU STOSUNKÓW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH – PRZEGLĄD 2016 ROKU
Authors: Jędrowiak Patryk
Published: October 2020

Artykuł stanowi przegląd artykułów opublikowanych w 2016 roku na łamach brytyjskich czasopism naukowych z obszaru stosunków międzynarodowych. Dokonano wyboru tekstów z 16 wydań czasopism: „International Relations”, „The British Journal of Politics and International Relations”, “Politics” oraz “Political Studies”. Prezentowane artykuły zostały przeanalizowane w ramach grup tematycznych takich jak: terroryzm, kwestie bliskowschodnie, polityka migracyjna Wielkiej Brytanii oraz polityka chińska.
Sprawozdanie z I Spotkania Konsorcjum Akademickich Zakładów Studiów Strategicznych, Warszawa, 10 kwietnia 2017 r.
Authors: Magiera Maciej
Published: October 2020

abstrakt
DISPUTE OR MEDIATOR? THE SELECTION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN CIVIL WARS
Authors: Pospieszna Paulina , Schneider Gerald
Published: October 2020

The literature on conflict management offers two explanations of why the effectiveness of third parties to settle militarized disputes differs. The structural research tradition focuses on conflict characteristics, while the individualist approaches highlight the background, skills and power of a mediator, as well as the mediation strategy. This article reconciles these two approaches, and examines especially the effectiveness of mediation strategies. Accounting for the selection of mediation and the success of mediation attempts, we use the CWM 1945–2004 dataset. The analysis demonstrates that mediators who were able to pursue a determined strategy face a higher chance of success.
Omosessualità e sacerdozio. Il nodo gordiano – dei cattolici?
Authors: Kobyliński Andrzej
Published: October 2020

Homosexuality and the priesthood. The Gordian knot – for Catholics?This article provides a short overview on the relationship between homosexuality and the Catholic priesthood. The analysis reveals that the phenomenon of homosexuality increasingly divides the Christian world. The understanding of homosexuality requires interdisciplinary and serious analysis. The crucial question for Catholics, which is rather of an ontological than moral nature, concerns the vision of the priest who acts “in the person of Christ” (in persona Christi). The understanding of the essential elements of the conformity of the Catholic priest to Christ seems to be crucial for the correct interpretation of the relationship between homosexuality and the priesthood.
From the knowledge of the truth to the inner transformation of man – a study based on similarities between the reflection of Nicholas of Cusa and Edmund Husserl
Authors: Maas Enriquez Monika
Published: October 2020

Both the newly published writings of Edmund Husserl as well as the still unpublished manuscripts force us to reinterpret his thoughts, as in their light we find numerous anthropological and – what is more - mystical implications in the reflection of the philosopher. Phenomenology can, in fact, be read as a process of autoconstitution of the entity in its adequate being, i.e. its laborious process of self-discovery and “being born” in the light of its own inner truth. This truth, meanwhile, is the fact that our “real” and “authentic self”, that we find in ourselves with the help of phenomenology, is nothing but a trace of God in man. Thus Husserl reads the main tool of his method, i.e. the phenomenological reduction, as a kind of 1/ the subject’s meditation on itself; 2/ the process of its slow return to itself; 3/ the process of, on the one hand, deconstruction of its “popular consciousness”, and, on the other hand, of the spiritual deconstruction of its false and inadequate way of being, in which the subject is stuck each day. The end to the reduction understood this way will be the “transcendental death” of man and subsequent spiritual “birth” to a new life. Interestingly, the above thoughts of Husserl bring him close to the tradition of Christian mysticism and, among it, to the reflection of Nicholas of Cusa. Therefore, the aim of this article will be the study of the basic categories of the phenomenologist’s thinking in the light of Cusanus’ doctrine of “enlightened ignorance”, his concept of “negative thinking”, mystical cognition and the inner transformation of man, so that it becomes possible to demonstrate some convergence regarding assumptions which guided their reflection, its direction and finally the fundamental conclusions.
(Nie)kwestionowane granice decyzyjności pedagoga w kształtowaniu obrazu świętości wśród dzieci?
Authors: Zellma Anna
Published: October 2020

A teacher’s work with children of preschool and early school age focuses on achieving the teaching and educational objectives, as well as those related to childcare. The tasks include, among others, supporting pupils in shaping the image of the world, recognising different values and criteria,as well as methods of choosing them, obtaining basic social skills, and shaping moral and religious attitudes. The educator is obliged to show the children universal values and ethical principles. They also have to present role models and motivate their pupils to imitate them. All of this fosters an image of sanctity among children. When it comes to making decisions regarding the shaping of the image of sanctity among children, the teacher is restricted by educational law, especially the core curriculum of general education, as well as the school’s curriculum. This restriction applies mainly to the objectives and content of teaching and education. However, in matters of methodology, the teacher has many possibilities for creative action. They may exceed the methodologies suggested by educational law and design their own teaching innovations. With regard to shaping the image of sanctity among children, of particular note are All Saints’ Day balls, Angel Days, educational games and activities, family fairs, saints’ parades, competition and stage productions.
Zmartwychwstanie Pańskie w norbertańskim rękopisie „Kontemplacyja męki i śmierci Chrystusa Pana [...]” (1662)
Authors: Kaczor-Scheitler Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The subject of the article is the analysis of 17th century meditations about the Resurrection of Christ included in the manuscript collection of the Norbertine Sisters in Zwierzyniec. The reflection covers the traditions about the triumph of the glorified Lord, the women’s visit to the Lord’s Tomb, the announcement of the Resurrection to the women, Christ offering fish to his disciples, Christ’s meeting with Mary Magdalene and the disciples on their way to Emaus. The mode of presentation of these themes emphasizes a number of dogmas and truths of faith, mostly about the Resurrection of Christ and his divine nature. It is demonstrated in the article that the Norbertine texts were based not only on Gospels, but also on apocryphal sources and emblematic representations. The deliberations clarify that the author probably intended not only to report the course of events, but first of all to give a testimony of faith, to assert the real resurrection of the crucified Christ. An insight into the issue of the Resurrection of Christ in the light of biblical tradition and Old Polish literature is also offered.
Modlitwa Jezusowa w teorii i praktyce
Authors: Hadryś Jacek
Published: October 2020

The article presents the problem of Jesus’ prayer both from the theoretical and practical side. It consists of several parts: an explanation of the concept and validity of this type of prayer, a brief presentation of its history, the transformation of structure, main elements, stages, practice and me- aning for spiritual life. The elaboration of the topic was made through analysis and then the synthe- sis of selected documents of the Church and publications on the Name of Jesus and the prayer with that Name. It was stated, inter alia, that Jesus’ prayer is a Trinitarian confession of faith, expresses the love for Christ, enables the activities of the Holy Spirit; brings inner peace, joy, warmth, li- ghtness. Jesus’ Prayer eases self-control, enlightens, permits a person to penetrate into the depths of God’s mysteries, reveals the meaning of Sacred Scripture, causes the person who is praying to consciously stay in God’s presence and to open himself to the saving presence and saving action of the Resurrected Christ. The awareness of God’s presence is in itself motivating to live for Christ.
Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind in Female Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Hillmann Karen , Neukel Corinne , Krauch Marlene , Spohn Angelika , Schnell Knut , Herpertz Sabine C. , Bertsch Katja
Published: October 2020

Empirical studies have identified deficits in cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM) in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but results remain heterogeneous and not much is known about the role of childhood trauma. The current study assessed cognitive and affective ToM in 80 patients with BPD and 41 healthy controls in a false-belief cartoon task. Childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Patients with BPD responded slower in all experimental conditions in false-belief situations, but not when false beliefs were resolved; made more errors in the cognitive ToM condition; and reported worse affective states more often in and after false-belief situations. No significant correlations between ToM and childhood trauma could be found. The current study revealed deficits in cognitive and affective ToM in patients with BPD that may be related to a more negative affective state raised by the false-belief stories.
Donkey Squared, or Who First Called Dostoevsky a Genius
Authors: Zakharova Olga
Published: October 2020

The article examines the literary circumstances of F. M. Dostoevsky’s debut. They were reflected in the correspondence and memoirs, and in his contemporaries’ literary polemics. Dostoevsky was one of the few Russian writers who was awarded the title of genius by critics long before the publication of his first novel. Thus, the question of who had called him a genius emerges as relevant? For the first time this word was uttered by V. G. Belinsky, but neither he nor his associates declared Dostoevsky a genius in print. Rumors did it for them more effectively than the printed word. The rumor of “extraordinary talent” and “new genius” provoked the opponents of V. G. Belinsky: F. V. Bulgarin, O. I. Senkovsky, L. V. Brant, S. P. Shevyrev, etc. As they tried to convince readers of the mediocrity of the up-and-coming talent, they unwittingly made Dostoevsky a genius, presented his brilliance as a fact. Two years later, Belinsky abandoned his discovery of the genius of Dostoevsky, and called himself “a donkey squared”, yet the revision of the personal relationship did not affect the writer’s literary fate. The scandal and controversy over the novel The Poor Folk reinforced Dostoevsky’s fame.
The Brilliance of The Double: Why Don’t Critics Understand Dostoevsky?
Authors: Zakharov Vladimir
Published: October 2020

In the euphoria of the success of Poor Folk Dostoevsky wrote an inventive work — a fantastical novel with an absurd plot, in which two completely similar characters act: two Yakov, two Petroviches, two Golyadkins, two titular councilors serving in the same department. Their similarity is not explained in any way. According to the author, this is “a completely inexplicable incident,” however, critics keep trying to explain the appearance of the double. The range of interpretations is extensive — from the rationalistic and empirical rejection of fantastika to numerous psychopathological, ethical, social and other concepts of it. They have the same status: they are all nontextual readings of the work. Critics do not read Dostoevsky, rather, they compose their own version of The Double. It all started with Belinsky, who made factual errors in the analysis of The Double. Dobrolyubov frankly admitted that his explanation of the double was formed “while thumbing through” the story. All subsequent interpretations are variations of their explanations of fantastika. Dostoevsky was sensitive to the misunderstanding of readers and critics. In 1862 and 1864, he created drafts with the aim of revising The Double. Unable to carry out this plan, in September 1866 Dostoevsky cut down the magazine’s editorial staff and made other changes that polemically opposed the interpretations of Belinsky and Dobrolyubov. The analysis of the two editions of The Double and the materials in the 1862-1864 notebooks (Russian State Library. F. 93.I.2.6 and 93.I.2.7) demonstrate that Dostoevsky did not think of The Double as a ghost, hallucination, or the delirium of a madman, but, rather, considered him a real character in the story. Denying the similarity and protesting against the immorality of the younger Golyadkin, the elder proclaims: man is unique. This idea was a development of the anthropological principle that Dostoevsky discovered in Poor Folk and later vividly expressed in Notes from the Underground.