bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parentage assignment with genotyping‐by‐sequencing data
Authors: Whalen Andrew , Gorjanc Gregor , Hickey John M.
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we evaluate using genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data to perform parentage assignment in lieu of traditional array data. The use of GBS data raises two issues: First, for low‐coverage (e.g., <2×) GBS data, it may not be possible to call the genotype at many loci, a critical first step for detecting opposing homozygous markers. Second, the amount of sequencing coverage may vary across individuals, making it challenging to directly compare the likelihood scores between putative parents. To address these issues, we extend the probabilistic framework of Huisman (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2017, 17, 1009) and evaluate putative parents by comparing their (potentially noisy) genotypes to a series of proposal distributions. These distributions describe the expected genotype probabilities for the relatives of an individual. We assign putative parents as a parent if they are classified as a parent (as opposed to e.g., an unrelated individual), and if the assignment score passes a threshold. We evaluated this method on simulated data and found that (a) high‐coverage (>2×) GBS data performs similarly to array data and requires only a small number of markers to correctly assign parents and (b) low‐coverage GBS data (as low as 0.1×) can also be used, provided that it is obtained across a large number of markers. When analysing the low‐coverage GBS data, we also found a high number of false positives if the true parent is not contained within the list of candidate parents, but that this false positive rate can be greatly reduced by hand tuning the assignment threshold. We provide this parentage assignment method as a standalone program called AlphaAssign.
Tissue‐based transcriptomics of Chionodraco hamatus: Sequencing, de novo assembly, annotation and marker discovery
Authors: Song Wei , Li Lingzhi , Huang Hongliang , Jiang Keji , Zhang Fengying , Wang Luming , Zhao Ming , Ma Lingbo
Published: December 2018

Here, we explored the liver, heart and muscle tissue transcriptome of the haemoglobinless Antarctic fish Chionodraco hamatus using the Illumina paired‐end RNA sequencing. A total of 114,028 unigenes with a mean length of 794.24 bp was produced. Annotation of these unigenes showed that 29.16% and 35.52% of them had hits in the nucleotide (Nt) and protein (Nr) databases, respectively. In addition, 29.10% and 35.28% unigenes were annotated in the SwissProt and TrEMBL databases while 23.27% and 21.08% of unigenes were annotated in the conserved domain (CCD) and protein family (PFAM) databases, respectively. The results of eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOG) classification analysis showed that around 21.36% of unigenes could be mapped. Differential gene expression analysis indicated that 16,331, 16,291 and 13,262 differentially expressed genes (DEG) could be screened between muscle and heart, muscle and liver and heart and liver, respectively. A significant enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed their implication in important biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and diverse pathways. Furthermore, a total of 24,455 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were detected from the generated tissue transcriptome. The transcriptome data produced in this study will constitute an important resource for improving our knowledge of C. hamatus functional genomics and will facilitate future studies regarding this species.
Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella recovered from a wet market in Thailand
Authors: Sripaurya Bussara , Ngasaman Ruttayaporn , Benjakul Soottawat , Vongkamjan Kitiya
Published: December 2018

Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, which is often found on chicken meat and various sites in wet markets in Southeast Asia, thus requiring close monitoring for effective control measures. In this study, 130 samples from chicken meat, environment, and wastewater from three chicken meat stalls at a wet market were tested for Salmonella spp. For stall A, B, and C, 20 (44.4%), 8 (17.4%), and 9 (23.1%) samples were positive for Salmonella, respectively. In this study, Salmonella was often detected on working tables, scales, cutting board, knives, and bucket, suggesting important food contact equipment that typically links to the presence of Salmonella at local stalls or retails. This equipment should be emphasized for the improved control measures to minimize Salmonella contamination. Using the nine virulence genes (sipB, prgH, spaN, orgA, tolC, sitC, sifA, cdtB, and sopB, pattern IV (sifA and cdtB negative) was a predominant pattern. Most Salmonella isolates (n = 42) were resistant to tetracycline, but none showed resistance to ceftriaxone. Data suggest potential sources of Salmonella, including chicken and several environmental sites at a wet market. This could be of a public health concern as multiple patterns of virulence genes and multidrug resistance were observed.

Practical applications

Salmonella spp. are commonly found on chicken meat sold at a retail level and, commonly in Southeast Asia, at wet markets where chicken carcasses are processed. This could be a typical source of Salmonella contamination, thus requiring close monitoring for effective control measures. Information obtained from this study reported the distribution and characteristics regarding the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance. This will help effective implementation for ensuring food safety at the wet markets. This is also a useful tool for market management to further minimize the spread of some Salmonella isolates shown to be multidrug resistance that is found in chicken and several environmental sites at a wet market.
“Toma‐La Ciudad”: Intersubjective Activism in Guadalajara's Streets and City Museum
Authors: Acosta Garcia Raul
Published: December 2018

En el otoño de 2013, una red de activistas en Guadalajara, México, montó una exhibición en un museo, realizó intervenciones en las calles de la ciudad, y organizó eventos para persuadir a los habitantes urbanos y a oficiales de gobierno a remediar los problemas de la metrópolis. En su mayoría miembros de la clase media, los activistas usaron el nombre “Toma‐la Ciudad” para alentar a la población de la ciudad a involucrarse en esfuerzos de la sociedad civil organizada que tendrían el potencial de remodelar Guadalajara. Con base en trabajo etnográfico entre grupos involucrados, este artículo presenta el concepto “activismo intersubjetivo” y lo utiliza como medio para analizar los usos y las referencias a las experiencias sensoriales de la ciudad. Al estimular respuestas empáticas hacia cómo otros viven la ciudad, los activistas buscaron reducir las desigualdades en México. También parecieron aprender lecciones de activistas que les precedieron, cuyas protestas violentas no alcanzaron las metas deseadas.
Hospitalised burns in children up to 16 years old: A 10‐year population‐based study in Australia
Authors: Seah Rebecca , Holland Andrew JA , Curtis Kate , Mitchell Rebecca
Published: December 2018

Aim

Globally, burns remain a significant public health issue that disproportionately affect young children. The current study examines the 10‐year epidemiological profile of burn hospitalisations, hospital treatment cost and health outcomes by age group for children ≤16 years in Australia.

Methods

National, population‐based, linked hospital and mortality data from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012 were used to identify burn‐related hospitalisations. Age‐standardised hospitalisation rates and hospital treatment costs were estimated.

Results

There were 25 098 children aged ≤16 years hospitalised after sustaining a burn. The age‐standardised hospitalisation rate was 54.4 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.7–55.1). Children aged 1–5 years had the highest burn hospitalisation rate (105.6 per 100 000; 95% CI: 103.8–107.3). The burn hospitalisation rate of infants <1 year declined by 3.1% per annum (95% CI: −4.84, −1.37, P < 0.001). Contact with heat and other substances, hot drinks, food, fats and cooking oils was the most common burn mechanism, and the home was the most common place of occurrence for children ≤10 years. Exposure to the ignition of highly flammable material was the most common burn mechanism for children aged 11–16 years. There were 7260 hospital readmissions within 28 days and 11 deaths within 30 days of the index burn hospitalisation. Total hospital treatment costs were estimated at $168 million.

Conclusions

Childhood burns continue to account for a large proportion of hospitalised morbidity. To assist in reducing burn hospitalisations, the development, implementation and resourcing of national multi‐sectorial childhood injury prevention is needed in Australia.
Male patients with a higher frequency of nocturnal urinary episodes are more likely to benefit from alpha‐blocker therapy for bothersome nocturia
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Ling , Kuo Hann‐Chorng
Published: December 2018

Objective

This retrospective study investigated the therapeutic effects of alpha‐blockers on men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to identify baseline variables that may predict therapeutic response in terms of nocturia improvement.

Methods

The study included 348 men with LUTS, including bothersome nocturia, treated with tamsulosin 0.4 mg at bedtime (h.s.) for 3 months. Responders were defined as patients with a decrease of ≥1 nocturia episodes/night after alpha‐blocker therapy. Nocturnal urinary frequency, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) voiding and storage scores, as well as the voiding to storage (V/S) ratio, prostate measurements, uroflowmetry, and post‐void residual were determined at baseline and 1 and 3 months after alpha‐blocker therapy.

Results

The overall response rate was 44.8% (156/348). Nocturia improved in 60 patients (17.2%) reporting a reduction of ≥2 episodes/night and in 96 patients (27.6%) reporting a reduction of 1 episode/night. Total and storage IPSS scores, the IPSS V/S ratio and the number nocturia episodes were higher in responders than non‐responders. IPSS storage subscores and nocturia episodes were significantly greater, whereas IPSS V/S ratio and maximum flow rate (Qmax) were lower, in those with a reduction of ≥2 versus 1 episode/night. Multivariate analysis revealed that nocturia episodes and a lower V/S ratio were predictors of responders with an improvement of ≥2 episodes/night. The quality of life index improved significantly more in responders than non‐responders.

Conclusion

Tamsulosin treatment (0.4 mg, h.s.) for 3 months not only improved voiding and storage symptoms, but also reduced nocturia episodes. Patients with more nocturia episodes may benefit more from alpha‐blocker treatment in terms of reducing the number of nocturia episodes.
Shocked quartz grains in the early Cambrian Vakkejokk Breccia, Sweden—Evidence of a marine impact
Authors: Alwmark Carl , Ormö Jens , Nielsen Arne T.
Published: December 2018

Here we present a study of the abundance and orientation of planar deformation features (PDFs) in the Vakkejokk Breccia, a proposed lower Cambrian impact ejecta layer in the North‐Swedish Caledonides. The presence of PDFs is widely accepted as evidence for shock metamorphism associated with cosmic impact events and their presence confirms that the Vakkejokk Breccia is indeed the result of an impact. The breccia has previously been divided into four lithological subunits (from bottom to top), viz. lower polymict breccia (LPB), graded polymict breccia (GPB), top sandstone (TS), and top conglomerate (TC). Here we show that the LPB contains no shock metamorphic features, indicating that the material derives from just outside of the crater and represents low‐shock semi‐autochthonous bombarded strata. In the overlying, more fine‐grained GPB and TS, quartz grains with PDFs are relatively abundant (2–5% of the grain population), and with higher shock levels in the upper parts, suggesting that they have formed by reworking of more distal ejecta by resurge of water toward the crater in a marine setting. The absence of shocked quartz grains in the TC indicates that this unit represents later slumps associated with weathering and erosion of the protruding crater rim. Sparse shocked quartz grains (<0.2%) were also found in sandstone beds occurring at the same stratigraphic level as the Vakkejokk Breccia 15–20 km from the inferred crater site. It is currently unresolved whether the sandstone at these distal sites is related to the impact or just contains rare reworked quartz grains with PDFs.
‘Failure to fail’: the teacher's dilemma revisited
Authors: Mak‐van der Vossen Marianne
Published: December 2018

Noting that failure is a part of learning, Mak‐van der Vossen draws metaphors from the world of medical error to suggest that ‘blame‐free’ approaches to educational support must be established.
Do lifestyle interventions during pregnancy have the potential to reduce long‐term postpartum weight retention? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Michel Sophie , Raab Roxana , Drabsch Theresa , Günther Julia , Stecher Lynne , Hauner Hans
Published: December 2018

Reducing postpartum weight retention is a promising strategy for addressing the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in women. This systematic review and meta‐analysis explored whether lifestyle interventions during pregnancy have the potential to reduce weight retention at 4 months postpartum and beyond. A search of five electronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of weight‐related lifestyle interventions beginning in pregnancy on postpartum weight retention to standard prenatal care groups was performed. Postpartum weight retention data was synthesized in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Data from 14 studies of 7116 participants showed that the intervention group retained statistically significant less weight than the control group (weighted mean difference: −0.73 kg, 95% CI: −1.32 to −0.14, P = 0.015). Subgroup analysis showed this effect to be largest in studies with follow‐ups from 4 to 6 months (weighted mean difference: −1.32 kg, 95% CI: −2.11 to −0.53, P = 0.001), but it remained significant until 12 months postpartum (weighted mean difference: −0.68 kg, 95% CI: −1.28 to −0.09, P = 0.023). In studies of women with a body mass index above 25.0 kg/m2, no significant intervention effect was observed. More high‐quality studies with a follow‐up beyond 12 months postpartum are needed.
Improvement of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma with oral trametinib
Authors: Song Hannah , Dzuali Fiatsogbe , Chi Susan N. , Treat James R. , Huang Jennifer T.
Published: December 2018

We report a child with a past medical history notable for congenital deafness, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), and hypothalamic glioma who initiated a MEK inhibitor trametinib for cancer‐directed therapy at 11 years of age and was incidentally noted to have marked improvement in his PPK. Trametinib withdrawal led to worsening in the patient's PPK. We speculate that the patient's PPK improved because of trametinib, given the temporal relationship between trametinib therapy and PPK severity, observed both after introduction and withdrawal of trametinib therapy. The upregulation of MAPK signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of keratinocyte proliferation in at least some forms of PPK, given that downstream inhibition of MAPK signaling led to an improvement in the patient's PPK.
Brexit and Everyday Politics: An Analysis of Focus‐Group Data on the EU Referendum
Authors: Andreouli Eleni , Nicholson Cathy
Published: December 2018

The article presents an analysis of lay political reasoning on the U.K. EU referendum drawing on data from nine focus groups conducted in England in the few weeks preceding the vote. Participants were from across the political spectrum and with varied voting intentions in the upcoming referendum (Remain, Leave, and some undecided). A rhetorical analysis of the data showed that the ideological dilemma of nationalism (between safeguarding national distinctiveness and sovereignty, on the one hand, and valuing international collaboration and exchange, on the other hand) was a key organizing principle in participants’ accounts, as was the distinction between reason and bias. Participants intending to vote Leave as well as Remain engaged with both sides of the nationalism dilemma, seeking to present themselves as both open to cosmopolitan values and as concerned about preserving national sovereignty. Further, the liberal distinction between reason and bias in the data often took the form of a distinction between politics (as biased and corrupt) and the economy (as rational), thus depoliticizing the economy as a neutral and postideological sphere. The implications of these findings for contemporary politics are discussed.
Political Psychology of European Integration: The (Re)production of Identity and Difference in the Brexit Debate
Authors: Manners Ian
Published: December 2018

This article uses political psychology to understand emotions such as anger, hate, and passion in the Brexit debate in order to demonstrate the wider value of the political psychology of European integration. It uses five strands of political psychology to understand European integration, drawing on evidence from the Brexit debate. These strands are individual cognitive psychology, social psychology, social construction, psychoanalysis, and critical political psychology. The article argues that the political psychology of European integration demands an understanding of the interwoven nature of feelings and illusions, the bidirectional interaction of political and psychological processes, and the multiplicity of strands of political psychology in the mutual accommodation and inclusion by European states and peoples. Only in this way is it possible to even begin to comprehend the many ways in which identity and difference are (re)produced by all partners in the Brexit debate and what these processes mean for the wider study of the political psychology of European integration.
Crítica al Elogio de la Diversidad Cultural.
Authors: Sarrazin Jean Paul
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se analiza de manera crítica un conjunto de discursos, en los cuales, el concepto de diversidad cultural ha sido valorado positivamente. Mediante este, se busca comprender las formas que toman estos discursos, las lógicas que los sustentan, así como su relación con ciertas prácticas y con medios socioculturales en particular. La metodología empleada consistió en la entrevista abierta a profundidad, complementada con observaciones etnográficas. Se concluye que la valoración de la diversidad cultural, si bien se considera comúnmente como una expresión de apertura y tolerancia hacia las diferencias, puede convertirse en una forma restrictiva y excluyente de clasificación social, vinculada a lógicas de consumo, nociones de superación personal y búsquedas individualizadas de sentido.
Autoconcepto y tendencia religiosa en universitarios: propiedades psicométricas del AF-5
Authors: Zurita Ortega Félix , San Román-Mata Silvia , Martínez-Martínez Asunción , Chacón-Cuberos Ramón , Castro-Sánchez Manuel , Puertas-Molero Pilar
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido analizar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario AF-5 mediante técnicas de tipo exploratorio y confirmatorio en universitarios de diferentes tendencias religiosas, así como analizar la relación entre el autoconcepto y tendencia religiosa (cristianos, musulmanes y ateo-agnósticos). La muestra estuvo formada por 597 estudiantes (23.04 ± 3.72 años), donde 156 (26.1 %) eran hombres y 441 (73.9 %) mujeres, empleando como principales instrumentos el test de Autoconcepto AF-5 y una hoja de autorregistro para la tendencia religiosa. Los resultados indican que el cuestionario ofrece índices de fiabilidad superiores a α = 0.7. La factorialidad se ajusta adecuadamente al modelo de cinco factores original. Asimismo, las dimensiones académica y emocional presentan una mayor fortaleza en los cristianos, mientras que la social lo hace en los musulmanes. Las dimensiones familiar y física son más elevadas para universitarios que profesan alguna religión.
Cultural Self-Views Influence Meaning Making: Self-Construals as Differential Predictors of Meaning in Life among Filipino University Students
Authors: Daep Datu Jesus Alfonso , Salanga Maria Guadalupe
Published: December 2018

Meaning in life refers to the extent to which individuals realize the meaning of their lives (presence of meaning) and are eager to understand the meaning of their existence (search for meaning). Whereas previous research has shown that meaning in life was associated with a wide range of positive psychological outcomes, few investigations explored the social and contextual correlates of a meaningful life. The present study addressed this gap by examining the degree to which self-construal (independent and interdependent self-construals) was differentially related to meaning in life dimensions among Filipino university students. Findings of the structural equation modeling showed that independent self-construal was positively associated with the presence of meaning while interdependent self-construal was positively linked to search for meaning. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Gifted Educational Provisions for Gifted and Highly Able Students in Victorian Schools, Australia
Authors: Kronborg Leonie , Cornejo-Araya Claudia A.
Published: December 2018

This article summarizes the main educational provisions developed and implemented for gifted and highly able students in Victoria, Australia. It emphasizes the strong influence that different governments have had on policies and guidelines providing for the education of these students. Among the options offered it is possible to differentiate those based on acceleration and high ability grouping. Accelerated learning options include early entry, grade skipping, subject acceleration, Higher Educational Studies program, and International Baccalaureate. High ability grouping includes Select Entry Accelerated Learning programs, select entry high schools, specialized high schools. The identification of students’ advanced intellectual and academic needs and the implementation of effective provisions for these students are strongly related to the level of knowledge and attitude that teachers have towards gifted and highly able students. The implications of the current educational provisions are discussed to reflect and promote better guidelines and more research in the field.
Socioscientific Argumentation and Model-Based Reasoning: A Study on Mining Exploitation in Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Romero Mario Fernando
Published: December 2018

The primary objective of this article is to identify the mental models that represent a social-scientific problematic specific to high-school Colombian students. This is followed by the analysis of the argumentative schemes that these students may use to justify such models. By using a combined design, fifty two participants (52 people, 31 women and 21 men between the ages of 15 and 23; with education levels between high school and undergraduate degree) analyzed the possibility of implementing a mining exploitation project in a specific region of Colombia that is currently under the administrative control of one of Colombia’s native communities. The qualitative analysis showed the presence of 11 models for thinking about the given social-scientific problematic and a limited range of argumentation schemes (11); the quantitative analysis through ANOVAs (variance analysis) showed significant differences regarding the number of arguments per grade and the mental model. The results are discussed emphasizing the advantage that proceeds from exploring the students’ argumentative speech from a developmental-cognitive perspective with significant implications in the educational field.
Evaluation of Alternative Designs for a High Temperature Particle-to-sCO2 Heat Exchanger
Authors: Ho Clifford K. , Carlson Matthew , Albrecht Kevin J. , Ma Zhiwen , Jeter Sheldon , Nguyen Clayton M.
Published: December 2018

This paper presents an evaluation of alternative particle heat-exchanger designs, including moving packed-bed and fluidized-bed designs, for high-temperature heating of a solar-driven supercritical CO2 (sCO2) Brayton power cycle. The design requirements for high pressure (≥20 MPa) and high temperature (≥700 °C) operation associated with sCO2 posed several challenges requiring high-strength materials for piping and/or diffusion bonding for plates. Designs from several vendors for a 100 kW-thermal particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger were evaluated as part of this project. Cost, heat-transfer coefficient, structural reliability, manufacturability, parasitics and heat losses, scalability, compatibility, erosion and corrosion, transient operation, and inspection ease were considered in the evaluation. An analytic hierarchy process was used to weight and compare the criteria for the different design options. The fluidized-bed design fared the best on heat transfer coefficient, structural reliability, scalability, and inspection ease, while the moving packed-bed designs fared the best on cost, parasitics and heat losses, manufacturability, compatibility, erosion and corrosion, and transient operation. A 100 kWt shell-and-plate design was ultimately selected for construction and integration with Sandia's falling particle receiver system.
Redox Oxides-Based Solar Thermochemistry and Its Materialization to Reactor/Heat Exchanger Concepts for Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting, Transformation and Storage
Authors: Agrafiotis Christos , Pein Mathias , Giasafaki Dimitra , Tescari Stefania , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian
Published: December 2018

Ca-Mn-based perovskites doped in their A- and B-site were synthesized and comparatively tested versus the Co3O4/CoO and (Mn,Fe)2O3/(Mn,Fe)3O4 redox pairs with respect to thermochemical storage and oxygen pumping capability, as a function of the kind and extent of dopant. The perovskites' induced heat effects measured via differential scanning calorimetry are substantially lower: the highest reaction enthalpy recorded by the CaMnO3–δ composition was only 14.84 kJ/kg compared to 461.1 kJ/kg for Co3O4/CoO and 161.0 kJ/kg for (Mn,Fe)2O3/(Mn,Fe)3O4. Doping of Ca with increasing content of Sr decreased these heat effects; more than 20 at % Sr eventually eliminated them. Perovskites with Sr instead of Ca in the A-site exhibited also negligible heat effects, irrespective of the kind of B site cation. On the contrary, perovskite compositions characterized by high oxygen release/uptake can operate as thermochemical oxygen pumps enhancing the performance of water/carbon dioxide splitting materials. Oxygen pumping via Ca0.9Sr0.1MnO3–δ and SrFeO3–δ doubled and tripled, respectively, the total oxygen absorbed by ceria during its re-oxidation versus that absorbed without their presence. Such effective pumping compositions exhibited practically no shrinkage during one heat-up/cool-down cycle. However, they demonstrated an increase of the coefficient of linear expansion due to the superposition of “chemical expansion” to thermal-only one, the effect of which on the long-term dimensional stability has to be further quantified through extended cyclic operation.
Low Salinity Hot Water Injection With Addition of Nanoparticles for Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Ding Yanan , Zheng Sixu , Meng Xiaoyan , Yang Daoyong
Published: December 2018

In this study, a novel technique of low salinity hot water (LSHW) injection with addition of nanoparticles has been developed to examine the synergistic effects of thermal energy, low salinity water (LSW) flooding, and nanoparticles for enhancing heavy oil recovery, while optimizing the operating parameters for such a hybrid enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. Experimentally, one-dimensional displacement experiments under different temperatures (17 °C, 45 °C, and 70 °C) and pressures (about 2000–4700 kPa) have been performed, while two types of nanoparticles (i.e., SiO2 and Al2O3) are, respectively, examined as the additive in the LSW. The performance of LSW injection with and without nanoparticles at various temperatures is evaluated, allowing optimization of the timing to initiate LSW injection. The corresponding initial oil saturation, production rate, water cut, ultimate oil recovery, and residual oil saturation profile after each flooding process are continuously monitored and measured under various operating conditions. Compared to conventional water injection, the LSW injection is found to effectively improve heavy oil recovery by 2.4–7.2% as an EOR technique in the presence of nanoparticles. Also, the addition of nanoparticles into the LSHW can promote synergistic effect of thermal energy, wettability alteration, and reduction of interfacial tension (IFT), which improves displacement efficiency and thus enhances oil recovery. It has been experimentally demonstrated that such LSHW injection with the addition of nanoparticles can be optimized to greatly improve oil recovery up to 40.2% in heavy oil reservoirs with low energy consumption. Theoretically, numerical simulation for the different flooding scenarios has been performed to capture the underlying recovery mechanisms by history matching the experimental measurements. It is observed from the tuned relative permeability curves that both LSW and the addition of nanoparticles in LSW are capable of altering the sand surface to more water wet, which confirms wettability alteration as an important EOR mechanism for the application of LSW and nanoparticles in heavy oil recovery in addition to IFT reduction.
A Novel Design of Triple-Hybrid Absorption Radiant Building Cooling System With Desiccant Dehumidification
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Das Ranjan
Published: December 2018

In air-conditioning, strategy of decoupling cooling and ventilation tasks has stimulated considerable interest in radiant cooling systems with dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS). In view of this, current paper presents a simulation study to describe energy saving potential of a solar, biogas, and electric heater powered hybrid vapor absorption chiller (VAC) based radiant cooling system with desiccant-coupled DOAS. A medium office building under warm and humid climatic condition is considered. To investigate the system under different operational strategies, energyplus simulations are done. In this study, a novel design involving solar collectors and biogas fired boiler is proposed for VAC and desiccant regeneration. Three systems are compared in terms of total electric energy consumption: conventional vapor compression chiller (VCC) based radiant cooling system with conventional VCC-DOAS, hybrid VAC-based radiant cooling system with conventional VCC-DOAS, and hybrid VAC-based radiant cooling system with desiccant-assisted VCC-DOAS. The hybrid VAC radiant cooling system and desiccant-assisted VCC-DOAS yields in 9.1% lesser energy consumption than that of the VAC radiant cooling system with conventional VCC-DOAS. Results also show that up to 13.2% energy savings can be ensured through triple-hybrid VAC radiant cooling system and desiccant-assisted VCC-DOAS as compared to that of the conventional VCC-based radiant system. The return on investment is observed to be 14.59 yr for the proposed system.
A Stick-Slip Interactions Model of Soft-Solid Frictional Contacts
Authors: Xiang Hongbiao , Trkov Mitja , Yu Kaiyan , Yi Jingang
Published: December 2018

Modeling of the soft-solid frictional interactions plays an important role in many robotic and mechatronic systems design. We present a new model that characterizes the two-dimensional (2D) soft-solid contact interactions. The new computational approach integrates the LuGre dynamic friction model with the beam network structure of the soft-solid contact. The LuGre dynamic friction model uses the bristle deformation to capture the friction characteristics and dynamics, while the beam network structure represents the elastic contact interactions. We also present a model simplification to facilitate analysis of model properties. The model prediction and validation results are demonstrated with the experiments. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the modeling development. We further use the model to compute the influence of the normal load and sliding velocity on the stick-slip interaction patterns and properties. These results explain and provide analytical foundation for the reported experiments in the literature.
Long Term Satellite Observations of the Global Wind Resource
Authors: Young I. R.
Published: December 2018

A database of global satellite measurements of wind speed is calibrated and validated to provide a consistent set of global measurements over a period of 30 years. This database is used to describe the global wind resource including: mean monthly climatology, extreme value estimates of global wind speed and global estimates of trend (changes) in wind speed.
Dynamic Load Reduction and Station Keeping Mooring System for Floating Offshore Wind
Authors: Harrold Magnus J. , Thies Philipp R. , Johanning Lars , Newsam David , Checkley Michael , Bittencourt Ferreira Claudio
Published: December 2018

The mooring system for a floating offshore wind turbine ensures that the platform stays within pre-defined station keeping limits during operation, while it provides sufficient restraining forces in storm events to guarantee survival. This presents a challenge during the design process, since the cost of the mooring system is proportional to the peak loads, i.e. those that occur infrequently in extreme conditions. Mooring designs are governed by extreme and fatigue loads which determine the required Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) of the system. If uncertainties in the environmental loading or hydrodynamic coupled response exist, additional safety factors are required.

This paper explores the application of a hydraulic based mooring system that enables a variable, non-linear line stiffness characteristic that cannot be achieved with conventional designs. This non-linear load-response behavior could function like a ‘shock absorber’ in the mooring system, and thus reduce the line tensions, enabling a more efficient mooring system that necessitates a lower MBL and thus lower cost. These claims are evaluated through numerical modelling of the NREL OC3 spar buoy and OC4 semi-submersible offshore wind platforms using the FAST-OrcaFlex interface. The simulations compare the dynamics with and without the inclusion of the hydraulic mooring component. The results suggest that mean mooring line loads can be reduced in the region of 9–17% through a combination of lower static and dynamic loads, while the peak loads observed in extreme conditions were reduced by 17–18%. These load reductions, however, come at the expense of some additional platform motion. The paper also provides an outlook to an upcoming physical test campaign that will aim to better understand the performance and reliability of the mooring component, which will provide the necessary evidence to support these load reduction claims.
Mobile Offshore Platforms for Power Generation: The Energy Ship
Authors: Platzer Max F. , Sarigul-Klijn Nesrin
Published: December 2018

There is an increasing awareness that the exploitation of offshore wind may become the main technology option for decarbonization of the global energy production systems. Various floating wind turbines are therefore being studied at the present time. In this paper we propose to proceed from floating to moving platforms by equipping autonomous sailing ships with hydrokinetic turbines and thereby to open up vast wind rich ocean areas for renewable power generation. The turbine output power is stored either in electric batteries or is fed into electrolysers to produce hydrogen which is compressed and stored in tanks. We provide a summary of our latest technoeconomic optimization studies of this energy ship concept using Multi Pole Systems Analysis and we describe the design, development and testing of a small-scale autonomous hydrofoil boat to serve as a technology demonstrator.
Full-System Linearization for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in OpenFAST
Authors: Jonkman Jason M. , Wright Alan D. , Hayman Greg J. , Robertson Amy N.
Published: December 2018

The wind engineering community relies on multiphysics engineering software to run nonlinear time-domain simulations (e.g., for design-standards-based loads analysis). Although most physics involved in wind energy are nonlinear, linearization of the underlying nonlinear system equations is often advantageous to understand the system properties and exploit well-established methods and tools for analyzing linear systems. This paper presents the development of the new linearization functionality of the open-source engineering tool OpenFAST for floating offshore wind turbines, as well as the concepts and mathematical background needed to understand and apply it.
Creating an Offshore Floating Wind Energy Industry in California
Authors: Peiffer Antoine , Banister Kevin , Roddier Dominique
Published: December 2018

The state of California stands at a crossroads where many different enablers are now coming together to spur its leadership in a new offshore wind energy industry off the west coast of the US. This paper presents the rationale for this new industry to be built from the ground up and elaborates on the development efforts recently undertaken by Principle Power Inc. (PPI) to jumpstart this important opportunity. The paper will first focus on the unique value proposition offshore wind offers to the Golden State and discuss the path the company has taken to accelerate the development of the offshore wind industry along the coast, with the proposition of a flagship project in Humboldt County.
An Ice-Structure Interaction Model Using Fourier Series for Offshore Wind Tower Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuxi , Yu Bingbin
Published: December 2018

Intermittent brittle crushing often occurs in the movement of an ice sheet against an offshore structure. Matlock’s ice-structure interaction model is used to simulate the behavior of the ice crushing by modeling ice teeth indentation contacting a spring-mass-dashpot structure. The dynamic behavior of this analytical ice-structure interaction system is studied using Fourier analysis to efficiently predict the response amplitude of specific dynamic periodicity at a given indentation speed. The system’s equations of motion are established based on the assumption of continuous ice indentation. This assumption well captures the ice crushing failure by allowing immediate contact of the offshore structure with the next ice tooth at the time of fracturing of a previous tooth. The fourth mode shape of a numerical wind tower system is studied to convert the physical parameters to the parameters of the spring-mass-dashpot system.

The time histories of ice tooth deflections are expressed through the non-linear dynamic equations. The kinematic initial conditions and the response amplitude of the wind turbine structure can be predicted at targeted periodicity via the Fourier analysis. Given a representative offshore wind tower system, the mode shapes of the physical system are calculated as inputs for the ice-structure interaction model. As an extended validation, the amplitudes of the structural dynamic vibrations predicted by the analytical models at specific periodicity and using the mathematical closed-form simulation are compared with the numerical simulation results.
Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students
Authors: Dunster Gideon P. , de la Iglesia Luciano , Ben-Hamo Miriam , Nave Claire , Fleischer Jason G. , Panda Satchidananda , de la Iglesia Horacio O.
Published: December 2018

After a 55-min delay in high school start times, students increased their sleep significantly and improved attendance and grades.
Cognitive impairments induced by necrotizing enterocolitis can be prevented by inhibiting microglial activation in mouse brain
Authors: Niño Diego F. , Zhou Qinjie , Yamaguchi Yukihiro , Martin Laura Y. , Wang Sanxia , Fulton William B. , Jia Hongpeng , Lu Peng , Prindle Thomas , Zhang Fan , Crawford Joshua , Hou Zhipeng , Mori Susumu , Chen Liam L. , Guajardo Andrew , Fatemi Ali , Pletnikov Mikhail , Kannan Rangaramanujam M. , Kannan Sujatha , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Hackam David J.
Published: December 2018

Necrotizing enterocolitis–induced brain injury in mice can be prevented with an oral nanotherapeutic that targets microglia.
Big data and black-box medical algorithms
Authors: Price W. Nicholson
Published: December 2018

New machine-learning techniques entering medicine present challenges in validation, regulation, and integration into practice.
Comment on “ALK is a therapeutic target for lethal sepsis”
Authors: Blasco Rafael B. , Patrucco Enrico , Mota Ines , Tai Wei-Tien , Chiarle Roberto
Published: December 2018

ALK is not highly expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and the effects of bioactive compounds on STING activation may not depend on ALK.
Predictors of extubation readiness in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shalish Wissam , Latremouille Samantha , Papenburg Jesse , Sant’Anna Guilherme Mendes
Published: December 2018

Context

A variety of extubation readiness tests have already been incorporated into clinical practice in preterm infants.

Objective

To identify predictor tests of successful extubation and determine their accuracy compared with clinical judgement alone.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched between 1984 and June 2016. Studies evaluating predictors of extubation success during a period free of mechanical inflations in infants less than 37 weeks’ gestation were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. After identifying and describing all predictor tests, pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates for the different test categories were generated using a bivariate random-effects model.

Results

Thirty-five studies were included, showing wide heterogeneities in population characteristics, methodologies and definitions of extubation success. Assessments ranged from a few seconds to 24 hours, provided 0–6 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure and measured several clinical and/or physiological parameters. Thirty-one predictor tests were identified, showing good sensitivities but low and variable specificities. Given the high variation in test definitions across studies, pooling could only be performed on a subset. The commonly performed spontaneous breathing trials had pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 87% to 99%) and specificity of 62% (95% CI 38% to 82%), while composite tests offered the best performance characteristics.

Conclusions

There is a lack of strong evidence to support the use of extubation readiness tests in preterm infants. Although spontaneous breathing trials are attractive assessment tools, higher quality studies are needed for determining the optimal strategies for improving their accuracy.
Enhancing fisheries education and research through the Canadian Fisheries Research Network: A student perspective on interdisciplinarity, collaboration and inclusivity
Authors: Turgeon Katrine , Hawkshaw Sarah C.F. , Dinning Kristin M. , Quinn Brady K. , Edwards Danielle N. , Wor Catarina , Parlee Courtenay E. , Debertin Allan , Hawkshaw Mike , Nelson Benjamin W. , Zhang Fan , Benestan Laura , Angel Eric , Morse Bryan L. , Mombourquette Daniel
Published: December 2018

Fisheries involve complex problems not easily addressed by a single discipline, methodology, or set of stakeholders. In 2010, the Canadian Fisheries Research Network (CFRN) was initiated to increase fisheries research capacity in Canada through interdisciplinary and inclusive research collaborations. As post-graduate students in the network, we reflected on the type of training necessary to tackle fisheries problems and reviewed opportunities available at Canadian universities to receive such training. This paper presents an overview of fisheries education currently available in Canada, reflects on our training within the CFRN, and proposes improvements to fisheries education and research. Our review of the subject revealed few dedicated fisheries programs, limited interdisciplinary programs, few specialized fisheries training programs, and a heavy reliance on academic supervisors to secure research opportunities in fisheries. In contrast, the CFRN enhanced our training by deliberately focusing on tools and techniques to address fisheries issues, providing venues to foster interdisciplinary and inclusive research collaborations, and exposing the realities of stakeholder collaborations. We call for post-graduate-level fisheries education and research that is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and inclusive to produce well-rounded scientists and managers, and we suggest ways that universities, researchers, and funding agencies can incorporate these themes into fisheries education and research.
From dinuclear systems to close binary stars: Application to source of energy in the universe
Authors: Sargsyan V. V. , Lenske H. , Adamian G. G. , Antonenko N. V.
Published: December 2018

The evolution of close binary stars in mass asymmetry (transfer) coordinate is considered. The conditions for the formation of stable symmetric binary stars are analyzed. The role of symmetrization of asymmetric binary star in the transformation of potential energy into internal energy of star and the release of a large amount of energy is revealed.
Novel RGO and Concave Cube Cu2O Co-Modified BiVO4 Nanosheets with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Surface Adsorption Performances of Tetracycline
Authors: Gao Xin , Ma Changchang , Ma Wei , Chen Rongru , Liu Yang , Liu Zhi , Zhu Zhi , Huo Pengwei , Yan Yongsheng
Published: December 2018

A novel ternary Cu2O/BiVO4/RGO photocatalyst is successfully constructed by hydrothermal and evaporation-induced method, and it exhibits superior photocatalytic performance for degradation tetracycline (TC). Meanwhile, the visible light absorption range of composite photocatalyst is effectively broadened by the formation of heterojunction with narrow band gap semiconductor Cu2O. And the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs is significantly enhanced by the synergistic effect of Cu2O and RGO. More importantly, the adsorption of TC by ternary Cu2O/BiVO4/RGO possesses high adsorption capacity, which is 23.73 times higher than that of pure BiVO4. Additionally, the possible reaction mechanism is clearly revealed by radical trapping experiment, electron spin-resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. This work provides a new insight to design a photocatalyst with excellent adsorption to remove organic contaminants in water.
Orthogonal and symplectic Harish-Chandra integrals and matrix product ensembles
Authors: Forrester Peter J. , Ipsen Jesper R. , Liu Dang-Zheng , Zhang Lun
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we highlight the role played by orthogonal and symplectic Harish-Chandra integrals in the study of real-valued matrix product ensembles. By making use of these integrals and the matrix-valued Fourier-Laplace transform, we find the explicit eigenvalue distributions for particular Hermitian anti-symmetric matrices and Hermitian anti-self dual matrices, involving both sums and products. As a consequence of these results, the eigenvalue probability density function of the random product structure [Formula: see text], where each [Formula: see text] is a standard real Gaussian matrix, and [Formula: see text] is a real anti-symmetric matrix can be determined. For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the bidiagonal anti-symmetric matrix with 1’s above the diagonal, this reclaims results of Defosseux. For general [Formula: see text], and this choice of [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text] itself a standard Gaussian anti-symmetric matrix, the eigenvalue distribution is shown to coincide with that of the squared singular values for the product of certain complex Gaussian matrices first studied by Akemann et al. As a point of independent interest, we also include a self-contained diffusion equation derivation of the orthogonal and symplectic Harish-Chandra integrals.