bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Prioritas Rehabilitasi Kerusakan Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Grompol Hilir Kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah Dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Hadi Abdul Rohman , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Mutaqin Adi Yusuf
Published: January 2020

Sungai merupakan jalan air alami yang mengalir menuju samudera,danau, laut atau ke sungai yang lain. Kerusakan sungai dapat menyebabkan menurunnya fungsi sungai tersebut. Kerusakan sungai yang terjadi di anak sungai pada daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Grompol Hilir menyebabkan meluapnya aliran sungai ke pemukiman warga di beberapa lokasi. Usaha untuk mengembalikan fungsi sungai berupa pemeliharaan serta rehabillitasi sungai perlu dilakukan untuk meminimalisir dampak bencana yang mungkin timbul dari kerusakan tersebut. Dengan keterbatasan anggaran yang dimiliki pemerintah untuk pemeliharaan atau rehabilitasi maka diperlukan prioritas rehabilitasi untuk sungai yang perlu dilakukan rehabilitasi.

Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Objek studi pada penelitian adalah anak-anak sungai yang berada pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Grompol Hilir dengan enam anak sungai. Pembobotan serta perhitungan penilaian kriteria menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan program komputer Criterium Decision Plus Version 3.0. Data-data primer yang digunakan pada penelitian berupa partisipasi masyarakat yang berada di tiap-tiap objek penelitian, kondisi existing anak sungai, RAB rehabilitasi serta  luas area layanan.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) penilaian serta tingkat kerusakan yang ada pada anak-anak sungai cukup beragam dari runtuhan dinding sungai hingga adanya sedimentasi. Hasil yang didapat dengan menggunakan program komputer Criterium Decision Plus (CDP) version 3.0 menunjukkan prioritas rehabilitasi didahulukan pada Kali Kedungjeruk dengan 17,9%. Kontribusi terbesar dari hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa partisipasi masyarakat merupakan faktor terbesar dalam proses prioritas rehabilitasi pada anak-anak sungai di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Grompol Hilir.
Kajian Penetrasi dan Permeabilitas Beton Mutu Tinggi Memadat Mandiri terhadap Variasi Komposisi Metakaolin dan Superplasticizer MasterEase 3029 Kadar 1,9% dari Berat Binder.
Authors: Wibowo Wibowo , Mediyanto Antonius , Valentin Silviana
Published: January 2020

Pembangunan infrastruktur di dunia tidak akan pernah berhenti, karena infrastruktur merupakan roda penggerak ekonomi bagi setiap negara. Sebagian infrastruktur menuntut kualitas beton mutu tinggi untuk mendukung ketahanan bangunan tersebut, perbaikan untuk mendukung hal ini adalah dengan ditambahkan pozzolan. Pozzolan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metakaolin dengan kadar 12,5%; 15%; 17,5%; 20% dan 22,5%.  Seiring berkembangnya inovasi beton, penggunaan beton memadat mandiri umum digunakan di kalangan pasar konstruksi. Pembuatan beton memadat madiri membutuhkan membutuhkan FAS dan Superplasticizer yang tinggi, sehingga memungkinkan akan terbantuk pori yang besar dan banyak. Pada bangunan air seperti basemen, tangki  air, dinding penahan tanah dan bendungan dibutuhkan beton yang kedap air, karena masuknya air kedalam beton dapat menyebabkan korosi terhadap tulangan sehingga akan menurunkan masa layan beton.   Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar maksimum metakaolin untuk mencapai beton mutu tinggi memadat mandiri dan memenuhi persyaratan beton kedap air agresif, serta pengaruh metakaolin terhadap workabilitas beton.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan parameter yang dikaji adalah penetrasi, permeabilitas dan workability beton. Beton berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 75 mm dan tinggi 15 mm. Pengujian beton berdasarkan SNI 03-2914-1992, SNI 03-6468-2000, EFNARC 2000 dan ACI 301 – 729. Pengujian dilakukan dengan memberikan air yang bertekanan sebesar 1 kg/cm2 selama 48 jam, 2 kg/cm2 selama 24 jam dan 7 kg/cm2 selama 48 jam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua beton yang dihasilkan merupakan beton mutu tinggi. Subtitusi metakaolin pada kadar 15% dapat menurunkan nilai kedalaman penetrasi dan koefisien permeabilitas beton berturut – turut sebesar 36% dan 93%. Pada pengujian beton segar, metakaolin menurunkan workability beton tetapi hasil pengujian pada beton segar masih memenuhi standar beton memadat mandiri yang ditetapkan oleh EFNARC 2000.
ANALISIS BANJIR TAHUNAN KOTA SURAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN WATERSHED MODELLING SYSTEM (WMS)
Authors: Pratama Bagas Hendi , Hadiani Raden Roro Rintis , Setiono Setiono
Published: January 2020

Kota Surakarta dilewati oleh beberapa sungai. Akibatnya di Kota Surakarta sering terjadi banjir di apabila terjadi curah hujan yang tinggi. Untuk mengetahui debit banjir yang terjadi perlu dilakukan analisis secara hidrologi pada DAS. Untuk mengetahui luasan dan kedalman banjir yang terjadi perlu dilakukan analisis hidrolika pada sungai atau saluran. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui nilai Curve Number (CN) DAS Kota Surakarta, puncak debit aliran, potensi luasan, dan potensi kedalaman banjir. Pada penelitian Analisis pada DAS digunakan Watershed Modelling System (WMS) dan simulasi aliran menggunakan HEC-RAS. Debit yang dihitung merupakan debit aliran periode ulang 5, 10, 25, dan 50 tahun. Metode perhitugan debit aliran menggunakan metode SCS. Sungai yang dianalisis adalah Brojo, Gajah Putih, Grenjeng, Krembyongan, Pepe Hulu, Pepe Hilir, Premulung dan Wingko. Berdasarkan penelitian didapatakan CN DAS Kota Surakarta adalah 67,86. Debit puncak pada DAS paling besar, yaitu DAS Pepe Hulu didapatkan Q5 = 74,468 m3/s, Q10 = 91,475 m3/s Q25 = 110,393 m3/s, dan Q50 = 122,816 m3/s. Potensi luasan total banjir periode ulang 5 tahun = 539871 m2, 10 tahun = 82535 m2, 25 tahun = 1032881 m2, dan 50 tahun = 1091835 m2. Potensi Kedalaman banjir periode ulang 5 tahun = 5,09 m, 10 tahun = 5,57 m, 25 tahun = 8,02 m, dan 50 tahun = 8,23 m. Kelurahan Banyuanyar berpotensi mengalami luasan banjir paling besar dan kedalaman banjir paling tinggi.
KAJIAN UJI KUAT LEKAT BAJA PADA BETON HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH MEMADAT SENDIRI DAN BETON NORMAL
Authors: Lintang Karin Sebastia , Budi Agus Setiya , Sangadji Senot
Published: January 2020

Fly ash berasal dari abu sisa pembakaran batu bara yang mengandung sifat kimia berupa silika dan alumina mencapai 80%. Senyawa silika yang terdapat di dalam fly ash akan mengeliminir keberadaan Ca(OH)2 di dalam mortar yang sifatnya merugikan dan menurunkan kuat tekan dengan cara bereaksi membentuk CSH atau tubermorite yang membangun kekuatan beton. Konsep penggunaan fly ash yang sering digunakan dalam jumlah besar (35-65%) sebagai subtituen semen dikenal dengan High Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFAC). Penggunaan konsep HVFAC dipadukan dengan Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) untuk mengatasi permasalahan terbentuknya rongga pada beton bertulang. Penelitian ini mengkaji kuat lekat pada beton HVFA-SCC dan beton normal. Metode penelitian ini ialah eksperimen menggunakan 2 variasi kadar fly ash pada beton HVFA-SCC yaitu 50%, 60%, serta beton normal yang digunakan sebagai pembanding. Tiap variasi terdiri dari 3 sampel kubus berukuran 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Mutu untuk sampel tersebut diseragamkan yaitu 30 MPa. Hasil yg didapatkan dari pengujian sampel yang ada berupa kurva hubungan load-displacement beton HVFA-SCC yang dibandingkan dengan beton normal usia 28 hari. Hasil yang didapatkan dari hubungan load-displacement adalah besarnya gaya cabut maksimal, displacement saat terjadi gaya cabut maksimal serta dipergunakan untuk menganalisis kuat lekat dari sampel beton HVFA-SCC dan beton normal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kuat lekat pada beton HVFA-SCC dengan kadar fly ash 50% lebih besar 328,22 % dibandingkan dengan kuat lekat pada pada beton normal dan pada beton HVFA-SCC dengan kadar fly ash 60% kuat lekat lebih besar 218,84 % dibandingkan dengan kuat lekat pada pada beton normal. Tipe keruntuhan yang terjadi pada pengujian sampel HVFA-SCC maupun beton normal dengan pada pengujian pull out ialah pull out failure.
PENGARUH SEDIMEN TERHADAP UMUR LAYANAN PADA TAMPUNGAN MATI (DEAD STORAGE) WADUK KRISAK DI WONOGIRI DENGAN METODE USLE (UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSSES EQUATION)
Authors: Arifandi Fakhrizal , Ikhsan Cahyono
Published: January 2020

Salah satu masalah dalam pengelolaan waduk adalah sedimentasi. Sedimen diakibatkan dari erosi, angkutan sedimen bertambah maka sedimen akan mengendap di dalam waduk dan kapasitas tampungan mati waduk akan berkurang. Kemudian umur waduk tersebut akan mengalami percepatan pengurangan layanannya. Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Bengawan Solo merupakan salah satu DAS di Indonesia yang segera memerlukan penanganan (Joko Sutrisno, 2011). Kondisi daerah aliran sungainya Bengawan Solo sudah memprihatinkan, terutama besarnya laju erosi yang cukup tinggi serta produktivitas lahan yang dinilai semakin menurun. SUB-DAS Jlantah yang berlokasi di muara Sungai Krisak berada di dekat tempat pengambilan air Waduk Krisak, dinilai menyumbang sedimentasi terbesar yang akan sangat mengganggu operasional waduk. Selain menyebabkan sedimentasi, erosi juga akan menyebabkan berkurangnya ketebalan tanah dan berkurangnya tingkat kesuburan tanah di wilayah hulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan pengaruh sedimen terhadap umur waduk pada tampungan mati menggunakan metode USLE. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan secara garis besar dibagi menjadi 3 tahapan pelaksanaan sebagai berikut : pengumpulan data, analisa data, kesimpulan dan saran. Data yang digunakan berupa data curah hujan jangka waktu 10 tahun antara tahun 2009 sampai 2018. Peta yang digunakan adalah Peta Tanah, Peta Topografi dan Peta Tata Guna Lahan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur serta menggunakan data yang dimiliki Balai Penelitian Teknologi Kehutanan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai Surakarta, Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Begawan Solo dan Jasa Tirta Wonogiri. Hasil analisis berdasarkan prediksi erosi USLE diperoleh 2.437.833,4990 ton/tahun dengan volume yang masuk pada tampungan sedimen Waduk Krisak yaitu 816.147,8068 m3/tahun dengan umur layanan 4,6 tahun.
PERBANDINGAN NILAI MARSHALL DASPAL (DAMAR ASPAL) DI LABORATORIUM DENGAN HASIL CORING DI LAPANGAN SERTA ANALISIS SKID RESISTANCE
Authors: Santara Satria Lima , Setyawan Ary , Sumarsono Agus
Published: January 2020

Kebutuhan akan aspal konvensional yang terus meningkat membutuhkan alternatif penggunaan bahan lain sebagai pengganti yang disebut bioaspal. Salah satu bahan yang sedang dikembangkan saat ini adalah daspal (damar aspal). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan benda uji daspal yang dibuat di laboratorium dengan benda uji hasil coring dari lapangan dengan variasi pemadatan menggunakan pengujian Marshall serta skid resistance. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimental di laboratorium dan lapangan. Adapun variasi pemadatan lapangan yang dilakukan yaitu 6 kali, 10 kali, dan 14 kali. Sebelum dilakukan proses coring, pengujian skid resistance dilakukan dengan alat rolling straightedge di lapangan. Coring pada setiap variasi pemadatan dilakukan guna mengambil benda uji untuk pengujian Marshall lapangan. Komposisi penyusun daspal adalah damar serbuk (350 gr), damar bongkahan (100 gr), minyak goreng (205 gr), fly ash (150 gr), dan lateks (4 %). Analisis hasil pengujian Marshall benda uji laboratorium didapatkan nilai stabilitas 1118,519 kg, flow 4,65 mm dan MQ 241,102 kg/mm. Nilai skid resistance 6 kali pemadatan 9,83 mm/m, 10 kali pemadatan 8,83 mm/m, dan 14 kali pemadatan 7,67 mm/m. Nilai stabilitas,  flow, dan MQ benda uji yang dibuat di laboratorium lebih besar daripada stabilitas, flow dan MQ benda uji hasil coring dari lapangan dengan semua variasi pemadatan. Semakin besar nilai skid resistance mengindikasikan tekstur permukaan semakin rata.
Kajian Uji Geser Murni Beton HVFA Memadat Sendiri teradap Beton Normal
Authors: Pambudi Cahyo Dwi , Budi Agus Setiya , Kristiawan Stefanus Adi
Published: January 2020

Fly ash merupakan limbah pembakaran batu bara yang memiliki kandungan kimia berupa silika dan alumina mencapai 80%. Senyawa tersebut bereaksi dengan Ca(OH)2 hasil proses hidrasi semen dan membentuk C3S2H3 atau tubermorite yang dapat menambah kekuatan beton. Fly ash sebagai subtituen semen sering digunakan dalam jumlah besar (>50%). Untuk mengatasi permasalahan terbentuknya rongga pada beton bertulang, konsep HVFAC dipadukan dengan Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). Penggunaan fly ash sebagai pengganti sebagian semen dalam campuran Self Compacting Concrete dengan kadar lebih dari 50% disebut High Volume Fly Ash Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA SCC). Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh persentase fly ash terhadap kuat geser pada beton HVFA-SCC. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 2 variasi kadar fly ash pada beton HVFA-SCC yaitu 50% dan 60% serta beton normal sebagai pembanding. Benda uji kuat geser beton berbentuk balok dobel L (200mm x 100mm x 360mm). Sampel tersebut diseragamkan berdasarkan mutu yaitu 30 Mpa. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian menggunakan Universal Testing Machine dan LVDT untuk mengetahui lendutan arah vertikal yang dialami oleh benda uji. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pada balok dobel L HVFA-SCC memiliki kuat geser yang lebih besar dari pada beton normal.
Osteoid Osteoma Masquerading as Cholelithiasis
Authors: Fox Michael A. , Berger Ryan J. , Wright Katherine A. , Lawrenz Joshua M. , Sultan Assem A. , Day Carly , Farrow Lutul D. , Ilaslan Hakan , Mesko Nathan W.
Published: January 2020

Case:

We present a case report of an 18-year-old woman who presented to a general surgeon with a several month history of intermittent right upper quadrant pain, strongly suggestive of symptomatic cholelithiasis and underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She was eventually found to have an osteoid osteoma (OO) of the right eighth rib. She was treated with radiofrequency ablation with complete resolution of symptoms 1 month after treatment.

Conclusions:

In cases where a patient's age and risk factors would make the diagnosis of cholelithiasis less likely, OO should be added to the differential diagnosis of symptomatic right upper quadrant pain.
Modifikasi Pati Secara Asetilasi Terhadap Gugus Fungsi Asetil dan Kristanilitas Pati Ubi Banggai Asetat
Authors: If'all If'all , Hasanuddin Asriani , Rahim Abdul , Kadir Syahraeni
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik gugus fungsi asetil dan kristanilitas pati ubi banggai asetat melalui modifikasi pati secara asetilasi dengan waktu reaksi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan waktu reaksi (T) yaitu T1 : 30 menit, T2 : 35 menit, T3 : 40 menit, T4 : 45 menit, T5 : 50 menit, T6 : 55 menit. Penelitian ini  dilakukan untuk menentukan karakteristik pengikatan gugus fungsi asetil FTIR dan kristanilitas XRD.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuknya pati ubi banggai asetat ditunjukkan dengan hasil identifikasi FTIR berupa adanya serapan gugus karbonil (C=O) pada bilangan gelombang 1651,07 cm-1, 1645,28 cm-1, 1643,35 cm-1, 1645,28 cm-1, 1651,07 cm-1 dan 1647,21 cm-1 dan munculnya gugus fungsi (C-O) ester dari gugus asetil pada bilangan gelombang 1163,08 cm-1, 1161,15 cm-1, 1159,22 cm-1, 1161,15 cm-1, 1163,08 cm-1 dan 1155,36 cm-1. Hasil analisis kristanilitas difraktogram XRD pati ubi banggai asetat diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 50 menit (16,97%) yang bersifat kristalin.Modification of Starch by Acetylation of the Acetyl Function Group and the Kristanility of Banggai Yam Starch AcetateAbstractThis study aims to determine the characteristics of the acetyl functional groups and the Banggai yam acetate crystallinity by acetylation modification of starch with different reaction times. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design with treatment time of reaction (T) namely T1: 30 minutes, T2: 35 minutes, T3: 40 minutes, T4: 45 minutes, T5: 50 minutes, T6: 55 minutes. This study was conducted to determine the binding characteristics of the acetyl FTIR functional groups and the XRD crystallinity. The results showed that the formation of banggai yam starch with acetate was indicated by the results of FTIR identification in the form of absorption of carbonyl groups (C = O) at wave number 1651.07 cm-1, 1645.28 cm-1, 1643.35 cm-1, 1645, 28 cm-1, 1651.07 cm-1 and 1647.21 cm-1 and the appearance of the functional group (C-O) esters of the acetyl group at wave number 1163.08 cm-1, 1161.15 cm-1, 1159.22 cm-1, 1161.15 cm-1, 1163.08 cm-1 and 1155.36 cm-1. The results of the analysis of the XRD diffractogram crystallinity of starch cassava proud with acetate were obtained at a reaction time of 50 minutes (16.97%) which were crystalline.Keyword : Banggai yam starch, asetylation, FTIR, XRD
Kestabilan Kecepatan Mobile Robot pada Lintasan Mendatar, Tanjakan Serta Turunan
Authors: Umam Faikul , Wahyuni Sri , Budiarto Hairil
Published: January 2020

Mobile robot merupakan salah satu kategori robot yang memiliki fungsi untuk berpindah tempat. Pengembangan dari mobile robot yaitu implementasi perubahan lintasan mendatar¸ tanjakan serta turunan. Ketika robot berjalan terdapat gangguan tak terukur dari luar yang mempengaruhi respon sistem. Hal ini menyebabkan kecepatan robot berubah-ubah, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu mekanisme yang mampu membuat mobile robot menjaga stabilitas dan kemampuan jelajah untuk kestabilan kecepatan mobile robot. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode PID untuk mengatur servo berdasarkan input dari gyro Z, sehingga membuat mobile robot berjalan tanpa keluar dari lintasannya dengan nilai konstanta Kp = 5, Ki = 0 dan Kd = 1. Respon sistem mencapai stedy state dengan nilai servo 90°, dari detik ke-8 sampai detik ke-13,5. Mobile robot dapat menjaga kestabilan kecepatan ketika melewati lintasan mendatar, tanjakan serta turunan dengan menerapkan metode fuzzy logic controller dan kontrol PID dengan nilai konstanta Kp = 1,5, Ki = 0 dan Kd = 0,2. Respon yang diberikan oleh sistem mencapai steady state nilai kecepatan 0,88 pada detik ke-16,4. Sensor yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kemiringan lintasan yaitu sensor MPU6050 nilai gyro Y dan sensor rotary encoderMobile Robot Speed Stability on Flat Road, Upward and Descend TrajectoriesAbstractMobile robot is a robot that can move to other places. The development of a mobile robot is the implementation of changes in in flat, upward and descending trajectories. When robot runs there are immeasurable interference that affects the system response. This causes robot speed is change, so we need a solution for mobile robot to maintain stability and movement capability for stability the robot speed. This research applies the PID method to set the servo based on the input from the gyro Z, so as to make the mobile robot run without leaving its path with constant values Kp = 5, Ki = 0 and Kd = 1. This research applies PID method to set servo motor based on input from gyro Z, so as to make the mobile robot run on path with constant values Kp = 5, Ki = 0 and Kd = 1. The system response reaches steady state when the servo value is 90 °, from the 8th second to the 13.5th second. Mobile robots can maintain the stability of speed when flat road, upward, and descend trajectories by applying the fuzzy logic controller and PID control methods with constant values of Kp = 1.5, Ki = 0 and Kd = 0.2. The response given by the system reaches a steady state speed value of 0.88 at 16.4 seconds. The sensors used to determine the slope of the track are the MPU6050 Y gyro sensor and rotary encoder sensor.Keyword: mobile robot, MPU6050, rotary encoder sensor, fuzzy logic controller and PID control.
Diverse biological processes coordinate the transcriptional response to nutritional changes in a Drosophila melanogaster multiparent population
Authors: Ng'oma Enoch , Williams-Simon Patricka A. , Rahman Aniqa , King Elizabeth G.
Published: January 2020

Background: Environmental variation in the amount of resources available to populations challenge individuals to optimize the allocation of those resources to key fitness functions. This coordination of resource allocation relative to resource availability is commonly attributed to key nutrient sensing gene pathways in laboratory model organisms, chiefly the insulin/TOR signaling pathway. However, the genetic basis of diet-induced variation in gene expression is less clear. Results: To describe the natural genetic variation underlying nutrient-dependent differences, we used an outbred panel derived from a multiparental population, the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource. We analyzed RNA sequence data from multiple female tissue samples dissected from flies reared in three nutritional conditions: high sugar (HS), dietary restriction (DR), and control (C) diets. A large proportion of genes in the experiment (19.6% or 2,471 genes) were significantly differentially expressed for the effect of diet, and 7.8% (978 genes) for the effect of the interaction between diet and tissue type (LRT, P adj. < 0.05). Interestingly, we observed similar patterns of gene expression relative to the C diet, in the DR and HS treated flies, a response likely reflecting diet component ratios. Hierarchical clustering identified 21 robust gene modules showing intra-modularly similar patterns of expression across diets, all of which were highly significant for diet or diet-tissue interaction effects (FDR P adj. < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis for different diet-tissue combinations revealed a diverse set of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms (two-sample t-test, FDR < 0.05). GO analysis on individual co-expressed modules likewise showed a large number of terms encompassing many cellular and nuclear processes (Fisher exact test, P adj. < 0.01). Although a handful of genes in the IIS/TOR pathway including Ilp5 , Rheb , and Sirt2 showed significant elevation in expression, many key genes such as InR , chico , most insulin peptide genes, and the nutrient-sensing pathways were not observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a more diverse network of pathways and gene networks mediate the diet response in our population. These results have important implications for future studies focusing on diet responses in natural populations.
Different transcriptome profiles between human retinoblastoma Y79 cells and an etoposide-resistant subline reveal a chemoresistance mechanism
Authors: Song Wen-ping , Zheng Si , Yao Hong-juan , Zhou Xiao-fei , Li Rui , Zhang Cheng-yue , Zhao Jun-yang , Wang Lie-wei , Shao Rong-guang , Li Liang
Published: January 2020

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most frequent pediatric retinal tumor. In the present study, to elucidate chemoresistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers in RB, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technological platforms to reveal transcriptome profiles and identify any differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between an etoposide drug-resistant subline (Y79/EDR) and parental Y79 cells. Methods: To test whether Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to antineoplastic agents for RB, we treated the cells with etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine and analyzed them with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Y79/EDR and parental Y79 cells were used for RNAseq and bioinformatics analysis to enable a genome-wide review of DEGs between the two lines using the DESeq R package (1.10.1). Then, DEG enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was analyzed with KOBAS software. Next, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time QRT-PCR) and cytotoxicity assays were performed to experimentally and functionally validate the identified candidate biomarkers. Results: Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine at different concentrations. In total, 524 transcripts were differentially expressed in Y79/EDR cells based on analysis of fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM); among these, 57 genes were downregulated and 467 genes were upregulated in Y79/EDR cells compared to parental Y79 cells. We selected candidate DEGs, including ARHGAP9 , HIST1H4H , RELN , DDIT4 , HK2 , STC1 and PFKFB4, for mRNA expression validation with real time QRT-PCR assays and found that the expression levels determined by real time QRT-PCR were consistent with the RNAseq data. Further studies involving downregulation of ARHGAP9 with a specific siRNA showed that ARHGAP9 altered the cellular sensitivity of Y79 cells to etoposide and carboplatin.Conclusion: Our initial findings provided a genomic view of the transcription profiles of etoposide-induced acquired resistance in RB. Follow-up studies indicated that ARHGAP9 might be a chemoresistance biomarker in RB, providing insight into potential therapeutic targets for overcoming acquired chemoresistance in RB. These findings can aid in understanding and overcoming chemoresistance during treatment of RB in the clinic.
Functional and population genetic features of copy number variations in two dairy cattle populations
Authors: Lee Young-Lim , Bosse Mirte , Mullaart Erik , Groenen Martien A. M. , Veerkamp Roel F. , Bouwman Aniek C.
Published: January 2020

Background Copy Number Variations (CNVs) are gain or loss of DNA segments that are known to play a role in shaping a wide range of phenotypes. In this study, we used two dairy cattle populations, Holstein Friesian and Jersey, to discover CNVs using the Illumina BovineHD Genotyping BeadChip aligned to the ARS-UCD1.2 assembly. The discovered CNVs were investigated for their functional impact and their population genetics features.

Results We discovered 14,272 autosomal CNVs, which were aggregated into 1,755 CNV regions (CNVR) from 451 animals. These CNVRs together cover 2.8% of the bovine autosomes. The assessment of the functional impact of CNVRs showed that rare CNVRs (MAF < 0.01) are more likely to overlap with genes, than common CNVRs (MAF ≥ 0.05). The Population differentiation index (Fst) based on CNVRs revealed multiple highly diverged CNVRs between the two breeds. Some of these CNVRs overlapped with candidate genes such as MGAM and ADAMTS17 genes , which are related to starch digestion and body size, respectively. Lastly, linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CNVRs and BovineHD BeadChip SNPs was generally low, close to 0, although common deletions (MAF ≥ 0.05) showed slightly higher LD ( r 2 =~0.1 at 10kb distance) than the rest. Nevertheless, this LD is still lower than SNP-SNP LD ( r 2 =~0.5 at 10kb distance).

Conclusions Our analyses showed that CNVRs detected using BovineHD BeadChip arrays are likely to be functional. This finding indicates that CNVs can potentially disrupt the function of genes and thus might alter phenotypes. Also, the population differentiation index revealed two candidate genes, MGAM and ADAMTS17 , which hint at adaptive evolution between the two populations. Lastly, low CNVR-SNP LD implies that genetic variation from CNVs might not be fully captured in routine animal genetic evaluation, which relies solely on SNP markers.

Keywords : Copy number variations, Bos taurus , Linkage disequilibrium, population genetics
Hypoxic hepatocellular carcinoma cells acquire arsenic trioxide resistance through upregulating HIF-1α expression
Authors: Chen Yaoting , Li Huiqing , Chen Dong , Jiang Xiongying , Wang Weidong , Li Dan , Shan Hong
Published: January 2020

Background : Although arsenic trioxide (ATO) is used in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical trials, it is not satisfactory in terms of improving HCC patients’ overall survival. Intratumoral hypoxia and overexpression of hypoxia-inducible-1α (HIF-1α) may result in ATO-resistance and tumor progression. We investigated the mechanisms involving HIF-1α expression and acquired ATO chemoresistance in HCC cells and mice. Methods: The therapeutic effects of ATO in normoxic and hypoxic HCC cells were assessed using cell viability and apoptosis assays in vitro and a xenograft model in vivo . mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, P-glycoprotein, and VEGF were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. HIF-1α inhibition was performed to investigate the mechanism of ATO-resistance. VEGF secretion was tested using ELISA and tube-formation assays. Results : Compared to normoxic cells, hypoxic HCC cells were more resistant to ATO, with higher IC 50 values and less apoptosis, and upregulated HIF-1α protein expression, accompanied with the enhancement of P-glycoprotein and VEGF synthesis after ATO treatment. VEGF secretion was elevated in the supernatant of ATO-treated HCC cells, and this change can potentiate angiogenesis in vitro . HIF-1α inhibition attenuated ATO-resistance and angiogenesis, and promoted the anticancer effects of ATO both in vitro and in vivo by downregulating therapy-induced P-glycoprotein and VEGF overexpression. Conclusions : Hypoxic HCC cells acquire ATO resistance by upregulating HIF-1α levels; thus, combining ATO with a HIF-1α-targeting agent may lead to enhanced antitumor effects in HCC.
Association of cyberbullying with psychosocial difficulties, self-harm and helping-seeking behaviors: a cross section study in Singapore adolescents
Authors: Ong Say How , Tan Yi Ren , Khong Jerrine Z. N. , Elliott John M. , Sourander Andre , Fung Daniel S. S.
Published: January 2020

Background Social media use has constituted to significant time spent online by adolescents globally, with its untoward effects increasingly being reported in many countries. Bullying through the use of such media has afflicted many adolescents to cause severe mental health concerns including self-harm and suicide.Aims The aims of this study are to examine the prevalence of cyberbullying in Singapore adolescents, its associations with psychosocial issues including self-harm and suicidal behaviors, and how adolescents seek help after being cybervictimised.Methods A representative sample of 3,319 school students aged between 12 and 17 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study and responded to a survey with scales measuring cyberbullying, psychosocial difficulties, self-harm, suicidal and help-seeking behaviors. The prevalence rate of cyberbullying was first explored using descriptive statistics, followed by Pearson chi-square tests for independence, one-way ANOVA tests and multinomial logistics regressions to examine its associations with various psychosocial issues.Results In the present study, 7.3% of adolescents reported being cybervictims only, 1.8% were cyberbullies only and 4.8% were cyberbully-victims. Compared to the non-involved group, all three cyberbullying-involved groups were associated with higher externalising problems [ F (3, 3290) = 62.06, p <.001], but only both cybervictim and cyberbully-victim groups were associated with more internalising problems [ F (3, 3290) = 38.97, p < .001]. Similarly, both cybervictim and cyberbully-victim groups reported significantly higher incidence of self-harm behaviors, suicidal thoughts and attempts as compared to the non-involved group (Odds ratios = 2.6-5.0, all p s < .001). Cyberbullies, on the other hand, had increased odds in having suicidal attempts (Odds ratio = 3.9, p < .001). Approximately half of the cybervictimised participants reported that they have sought help, with most of them (81.7%) choosing to tell their friends.Conclusions Our findings are consistent with previous studies showing increased associations of psychosocial difficulties, self-harm and suicidal behaviors among adolescents who are involved in cyberbullying. Public awareness of the consequences of unhealthy cyber-usage could be raised to aid in early detection of cyberbullying among school children and adolescents. Moreover, cyberwellness programmes should be considered as a component of larger suicide prevention efforts in schools and in the community.
Depression, anxiety, and associated factors in patients with diabetes: evidence from the Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Traits in Diabetes Mellitus (ADAPT-DM) study
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin , Woon Sy-Cherng Luke , Sidi Hatta , Ravindran Arun , Gosse Paula Junggar , Mainland Roslyn Laurie , Kaunismaa Emily Samantha , Hatta Nurul Hazwani , Arnawati Puteri , Zulkifli Amelia Yasmin , Mustafa Norlaila
Published: January 2020

Background Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric complications affecting patients with diabetes mellitus. However, data on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and associated factors among Malaysian diabetic patients is scarce. The Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Traits in Diabetes Mellitus (ADAPT-DM) study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associated factors in the Malaysian diabetic population. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 300 diabetic patients via convenience sampling from the Endocrine outpatient clinic of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, a tertiary referral healthcare facility in Kuala Lumpur. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical history were obtained from each participant. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was administered to assess anxiety symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess depressive symptoms, the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to evaluate personality traits, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) to measure quality of life (QOL). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between various factors, and depression and anxiety. Results The prevalence of depression was 20% (n = 60) while anxiety was 9% (n = 27). Co-morbid depression (adjusted OR = 24.91, 95% CI = 5.67–109.42, p < 0.001), neuroticism (adjusted OR = 9.24, 95% CI = 2.03–42.03, p = 0.004), and greater physical health-related QOL (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.07–2.59, p = 0.024) increased the odds of developing anxiety, while psychological QOL (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21–0.79, p = 0.008) was protective. Co-morbid anxiety (adjusted OR = 20.06, 95% CI = 4.70–85.57, p < 0.001) increased the odds of depression, while older age (adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–0.99, p = 0.012), regular religious practice (adjusted OR= 0.08, 95% CI= 0.01-0.56, p= 0.011) and physical health-related QOL (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59–0.89, p = 0.002) were protective. Conclusions The study findings signify the need to screen for co-morbid depression and anxiety, as well as personality traits and QOL, and to include psychosocial interventions when planning a multidisciplinary approach to managing diabetes.
The brain structural and functional anomaly associated with simultanagnosia in patients with posterior cortical atrophy
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Caishui , Cui Chunlei , Cui Yue , Jing Donglai , Liang Zhigang , Zhang Xuxiang , Chen Yaojing , Li Bingkun , Liu Jia , Li Dan , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Gauthier Serge Studies in Aging , Chen Kewei , Zhang Zhanjun , Wu Liyong
Published: January 2020

Backgroud Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairments in visual processing and in other relatively selective posterior cortical functions, mainly involving occipito-parietal regions. As the most common and important clinical manifestation, simultanagnosia is a profound inability of a patient with PCA to integrate multiple visual elements and to precept the global precedence within a scene. With few reports, the structural and functional changes in the brain associated with simultanagnosia are still yet comprehended more fully.Methods This study recruited 18 PCA patients with simultanagnosia, 29 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 20 cognitively normal controls (NC). All subjects underwent a full neuropsychological evaluation, picture-/computer-based simultanagnosia tests, structural and resting-state functional MRI. Grey matter volume (GMV) was assessed by voxel-based morphometry, while seed based intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) was evaluated based on the PCA-specific grey matter injuries in contrast to AD. Finally, the correlations between the statistically significant structural or functional MRI features and the simultanagnosia were evaluated in PCA patients.Results We found that, between PCA and AD patients, there was no significant difference in clinical dementia rating, immediate memory and delayed memory, while the marked difference was exhibited in neuropsychological assessments, and also in the picture-based and computer-based test score (P<0.01). In addition to brain areas where both PCA and AD patients had compatible regional GMV reduction each in contrast with NC group, the left middle occipital gyrus and ventral occipital areas were specifically affected by PCA relative to AD. Also in contrast to AD, PCA had lower iFC from left middle occipital gyrus, left lingua gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus. Moreover, we found that GMV of left middle occipital gyrus, its functional coupling to right superior occipital gyrus, the GMV of left inferior occipital gyrus and the iFC from right middle occipital gyrus to left superior parietal gyrus were each correlated to simultanagnosia (r=0.670, p=0.002; r=-0.517, p<0.001; r=0.605 p=0.008; r=0.778, p<0.001, respectively) in PCA patients.Conclusions Simultanagnosia is associated with the lower structural GMV and lower iFC in the left middle occipital gyrus and the left inferior occipital gyrus in PCA.
Higher Prevalence of Obesity among Children with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders
Authors: Galai Tut , Moran-Lev Hadar , Cohen Shlomi , Ben-Tov Amir , Levy Dina , Weintraub Yael , Amir Achiya , Segev Or , Yerushalmy-Feler Anat
Published: January 2020

Background Functional abdominal pain (FAP) disorders are one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children. We aimed to define the association between obesity and functional abdominal pain (FAP) disorders and to assess differences between overweight/obese children and normal weight children with FAP disorders.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of children (2-18 years old) with a clinical diagnosis of FAP who were followed-up in our pediatric gastroenterology unit between 1/2016-10/2018. FAP disorders were defined according to the ROME IV criteria. Body mass index (BMI) percentiles were defined by CDC standards. Patients with BMIs ≥85% were designated as being overweight/obese. A healthy control group was obtained from the 2015-2016 Israel national health survey.Results Data from 173 children with FAP disorders (median age 11.5 years, 114 females) were included. Seventy-one children (41%) were classified as having abdominal pain-NOS, 67 (38.7%) as having irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 35 (20.2%) has having functional dyspepsia. Fifty-three children (30.6%) were classified as being overweight/obese. Adolescents with FAP disorders had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to controls (39.5% vs. 30%, respectively, p = 0.04). Overweight FAP children were older [12.4 (range 9.8-15.3) vs. 10.8 (7.4-14.1) years, p = 0.04] and had more hospitalizations due to FAP (20.8% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.01) compared to normal weight FAP children.Conclusions Children with FAP had higher prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to healthy controls. Future studies are warranted to raise awareness of weight issues in FAP and determine the effect of weight loss on FAP.
Effects of shading on lignin biosynthesis in the leaf of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)
Authors: Teng Rui-Min , Wang Yong-Xin , Li Hui , Lin Shi-Jia , Liu Hao , Wang Yu , Zhuang Jing
Published: January 2020

BackgroundLignin is one of the most important secondary metabolite that play vital functions in plant growth and development. Shading is an effective method to improve tea quality. However, little is known about the relationship between shading and xylogenesis in tea plant. ResultsIn this study, tea plant cultivar ‘Longjing 43’ was treated with no shading (S0), 40% (S1) and 80% (S2) shading treatments. The leaf area and lignin content of tea plant leaves decreased under shading treatments (especially S2). The lignin distribution and anatomical characteristics of the tea plant leaves showed that lignin is mainly distributed in the xylem. Promoter analysis indicated that the genes involved in lignin pathway contain several light recognition elements. The transcript abundances of 12 lignin-associated genes were altered under shading treatments. Correlation analysis indicated that the most genes showed strong positive correlation with lignin content, and CsPAL, Cs4CL, CsF5H, and CsLAC exhibited significant positively correlation under 40% and 80% shading treatments. ConclusionsIn this study, we evaluated the effect of shading on leaves growth, xylem development, and lignin accumulation in tea plant. Shading treatment inhibited leaves growth and lignin content. Safranin-O/fast green staining and autofluorescence indicated lignin was mostly deposited in the xylem. Shading may affect tea plant leaves lignification by regulating the transcript levels of lignin biosynthesis genes. This study provided potentially useful information for understanding the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis under shading treatments in tea plant.
Metabolic responses of Carlina acaulis L. to chronic and acute cadmium stress: insights into chelation mechanisms, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and specialized metabolism
Authors: Dresler Sławomir , Strzemski Maciej , Kováčik Jozef , Sawicki Jan , Staniak Michał , Wójciak Magdalena , Sowa Ireneusz , Hawrylak-Nowak Barbara
Published: January 2020

BackgroundChronic and acute stress can lead to completely different metabolic responses of plants exposed to the same abiotic factor. The effect of long-term chronic cadmium stress (ChS, 0.1 µM Cd, 85 days) or short-term acute cadmium stress (AS, 10 µM Cd, 4 days) on the physiology of Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae) and selected secondary metabolites was compared to identify specific physiological and biochemical reactions.ResultsThe bioconcentration of Cd in all analyzed organs was higher under AS in comparison with ChS (130 vs. 16 µg g-1 DW, 7.9 vs. 3.2 µg g-1 DW, and 11.5 vs. 2.4 µg g-1 DW in roots, leaves, and trichomes, respectively). The high concentration of Cd in the trichomes in the AS treatment might be an anatomical adaptation mechanism. ChS evoked an increase in the root biomass, whereas its impact on shoot biomass was not significant in any treatment. The amounts of ascorbic acid and the sum of phytochelatins were higher in the shoots, whilst organic acids (malic and citric) reached higher levels in the roots of plants from the ChS treatment. Glutathione depletion occurred in the shoots, but there was no change in its root level in both treatments. The amount of chlorogenic acid, but not that of ursolic and oleanolic acids, was increased under ChS. On the other hand, AS exposure elevated the level of ursolic and oleanolic acids, but not chlorogenic acid in the shoots. ConclusionsThese data indicate that ChS and AS induce different physiological and biochemical defense mechanisms. Both chelation and enhancement of the antioxidative machinery contribute to protection of C. acaulis exposed to long-term (chronic) Cd exposure and alleviate Cd toxicity effectively. However, triterpene acids were elevated only under AS treatment, which may suggest an instantaneous action of these metabolites under short-term acute Cd stress.
Unraveling the Molecular Heterogeneity in type 2 Diabetes: A Potential Subtype Discovery Study Followed by Metabolic Modeling
Authors: Khoshnejat Maryam , Kavousi Kaveh , Moghaddam Ali Mohammad Banaei , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar
Published: January 2020

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex multifactorial disease with a high prevalence in the world. Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are the two major abnormalities in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Skeletal muscle is responsible for over 75% of the glucose uptake thus plays a critical role in T2DM. Here, we attempt to provide a better understanding of abnormalities in this tissue. We have explored the muscle gene expression pattern in healthy and newly-diagnosed T2DM individuals using supervised and unsupervised classification along with the discovery of potential subtypes of type 2 diabetes.Results A machine-learning technique applied to identify a pattern of gene expression that could potentially discriminate between normoglycemic and diabetic groups. A gene set comprises of 26 genes identified which was able to discriminate healthy from diabetic individuals with the 94% accuracy after 10-fold stratified cross-validation. In addition, three distinct potential subtypes with different dysregulated genes and metabolic pathways identified in diabetic patients.Conclusion This study implies that it seems the disease has triggered through different cellular/molecular mechanisms. Therefore, subtyping of T2DM patients will provide a better understanding of abnormalities in each group and lead to the recommendation of the appropriate precision therapy for each subtype in the future.
Equity of Access to Emergency Medical Services Utilization by Elderly Koreans
Authors: PARK JUMOON , Sohn Aeree
Published: January 2020

Background Elderly adults are the demographic most likely to utilize emergency medical services (EMS). To allow for better management of EMS needs and planning, we must better understand the users’ needs and break down the differences in how the various demographic subgroups of the population utilize the offered services. This study examines the extent to which equity in the use of EMS have been achieved for elderly Koreans.Methods Using both descriptive and logistic regression analyses, this paper analyses the 2014 Korean Health Panel Survey data (n=3,175). Results It was found that certain predisposing factors such as sex, education, and marital status were significant predictors of EMS utilization. However, differences in need do not fully account for the original differences observed between subgroups of elderly Koreans. While health status and chronic disease were important predictors of elderly Koreans using EMS, income and place of residence did not account for the subgroup differences. Nonetheless, income and place of residence remain particularly important predictors of EMS utilization for the elderly. Conclusions The main predictors of EMS utilization by elderly Koreans include the presence of chronic disease and overall health status. Notably, though annual household income and place of residence were tested, they seem to have minimal impact on the utilization of EMS by elderly Koreans compared to factors that indicated health status and needs. In addition, the existing EMS system seems to compel certain subgroups of older Koreans (i.e., men, well-educated, married, high family income and/or people living in capital areas) to be less likely to use EMS. These predictors must be considered when modifying the EMS system to more efficiently and effectively manage already limited healthcare resources.