bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Remarks on the History of Political Theory in Antiquity
Authors: Winkel Laurens
Published: December 2021

With the help of some texts of Greek philosophers the ambivalent history of natural law philosophy is illustrated with its consequences for the rising notion of political theory and international law. Universalism and Stoic philosophy form the intellectual background for the rising Roman empire. Special attention is paid to the history of the textual transmission of some important philosophical texts, an aspect which is very often neglected.
Kleistův „Michael Kohlhaas“ jako výraz vášnivé touhy po dosažení spravedlnosti, jakož i další autorova díla vztahující se k problematice „práva a literatury“
Authors: Seltenreich Radim
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the work of Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811) in terms of its relation to the problems of “law and literature”. It focuses on the fact that this German writer belongs to those great creators who attached extraordinary care to the question of law and justice in his work. At first, the paper deals shortly with the life of this important figure of the German letters. Then the main attention is paid to the nouvelle “Michael Kohlhaas” which might be considered as the most important of his works related to the “law and literature” topic. This is given especially by the general preset of the story in which the main hero fights for the achievement of the justice tirelessly even at the cost of sacrificing his family's happiness and his life. Next part of the paper makes us familiar with certain aspects of the plot. Finally, the other works of Kleist related to the problems of “law and literature” and legal questions involved are analyzed.
The use of radiation-resistant materials in gas semiconductor Fourier spectroscopy for express analysis of rocket fuel in the production process on the Moon / Mars / asteroids
Authors: Kazakov Sergey , Grevtsev Mikhail , Chistyakov Victor , Solov’ev Sergey
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the possibility of using thin films based on samarium sulfide, as well as composite systems of metal-oxide semiconductors doped with rare-earth elements, as radiation-resistant sensitive materials for monitoring leaks of rocket fuel components. The data of electrophysical studies of the obtained sensor layers were processed within the framework of the semiconductor Fourier spectroscopy constructed in relation to gas-analytical systems and the nonlinear regression algorithm of selective calibration. The latter solves really the problem of sensors’ selectivity including distinguishing the substances of the same homology such as methane, propane and n-hexane.
From Taiwan New Cinema to Post-New Cinema: The Transition of Identity in Cape No. 7 and the Naming Issue of Post-New Cinema
Authors: Pan Yi-ling
Published: December 2021

In 2008, Taiwan’s cinema began to get back on its feet after an extended lull, with several directors successively releasing critically acclaimed first works. Compared with the well-known Taiwan New Cinema, this new film trend works within the conventions of genre and often focuses on local issues and ordinary life. In doing so, critics and scholars call it Post-New Cinema. Yet, its naming brings difficulties to our understanding on this epoch-making wave, since it neither intends to innovate the paradigm and the framework established by New Cinema, nor does it completely inherit the legacy left by it. Therefore, these uncertain interpretations motivate us to review the legitimacy of this naming. This essay will evaluate firstly the genealogy from the Taiwan New Cinema to the Post-New Cinema in aesthetic and historical–cultural representation, to further propose the paradox about the naming of Post-New Cinema. Secondly, we attempted, by comparing the two most representative films of the two periods, Cape No. 7 and A City of Sadness, an initial look at the transition and the transformation in terms of aesthetical demonstration, historical representation, and ethnic politics, to argue that a subtle change in identity has been created in Taiwanese cinema since 2008.
Synthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl shikimates and their role in monolignol biosynthesis
Authors: Padmakshan Dharshana , Timokhin Vitaliy I. , Lu Fachuang , Schatz Paul F. , Vanholme Ruben , Boerjan Wout , Ralph John
Published: December 2021

Hydroxycinnamoyl shikimates were reported in 2005 to be intermediates in monolignol biosynthesis. 3-Hydroxylation of p-coumarate, originally thought to occur via coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) from p-coumaric acid or its CoA thioester, was revealed to be via the action of coumaroyl shikimate 3′-hydroxylase (C3′H) utilizing p-coumaroyl shikimate as the substrate, itself derived from p-coumaroyl-CoA via hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT). The same HCT was conjectured to convert the product, caffeoyl shikimate, to caffeoyl-CoA to continue on the pathway starting with its 3-O-methylation. At least in some plants, however, a more recently discovered caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) enzyme hydrolyzes caffeoyl shikimate to caffeic acid from which it must again produce its CoA thioester to continue on the monolignol biosynthetic pathway. HCT and CSE are therefore monolignol biosynthetic pathway enzymes that have provided new opportunities to misregulate lignification. To facilitate studies into the action and substrate specificity of C3H/C3′H, HCT, and CSE enzymes, as well as for metabolite authentication and for enzyme characterization, including kinetics, a source of authentic substrates and products was required. A synthetic scheme starting from commercially available shikimic acid and the four key hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acid) has been developed to provide this set of hydroxycinnamoyl shikimates for researchers.
The relation between obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and male fertility
Authors: Ghaderpour Saber , Ghiasi Rafighe , Heydari Hamed , Keyhanmanesh Rana
Published: December 2021

Over the past decades, obesity and infertility in men increased in parallel, and the association between both phenomena have been examined by several researchers. despite the fact that there is no agreement, obesity appears to affect the reproductive potential of men through various mechanisms, such as changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis, spermatogenesis, sperm quality and/or alteration of sexual health. Leptin is a hormone produced by the adipose tissue, and its production elevates with increasing body fat. Many studies have supported the relationship between raised leptin production and reproductive function regulation. In fact, Leptin acts on the HPT axis in men at all levels. However, most obese men are insensitive to increased production of endogenous leptin and functional leptin resistance development. Recently, it has been recommended that Kisspeptin neurons mediate the leptin’s effects on the reproductive system. Kisspeptin binding to its receptor on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, activates the mammal’s reproductive axis and stimulates GnRH release. Increasing infertility associated with obesity is probably mediated by the Kisspeptin-GnRH pathway. In this review, the link between obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and male fertility will be discussed.
Advanced Distortion Analysis of Heat Treated Rings*
Authors: Surm H.
Published: December 2021

The basic approach to interpret distortion as a system property is accepted in science and industry. The determination of significant factors and interactions on distortion in the overall production process of selected components represents a central point to identify relevant distortion mechanisms. In this context, a component specific distortion description is a major step to answer distortion problems.

In the field of ball bearing engineering, roundness deviation of raceways is an important characteristic. But this parameter is not useful for distortion engineering because no information concerning ring shape is given. But in literature, roundness deviation can be separated in its respective forms like oval and triangle shape with harmonic analysis. In addition, this analysis can be used to specify an amplitude and a direction in the different shapes to describe distortion.

In this article, harmonic analysis is used for advanced distortion analysis of tapered roller bearing. An analysis in graphical form is introduced, which illustrates both the amount and the direction of distortion.
Comparison of the Hardness-Toughness Relationship of Medium-Mn Steels after Q&T and Q&P Treatments*
Authors: Schneider R. , Kaar S. , Schneider S. , Krizan D. , Sommitsch C.
Published: December 2021

In contrast to quenching and tempering (Q&T), with quenching to room temperature, quenching and partitioning (Q&P) usually applies quenching to a temperature between Ms and room temperature. To stabilize a sufficient amount of retained austenite (RA), carbon diffusion from martensite into austenite and a prevention of cementite formation takes place during the successive partitioning step. Larger amount of RA, and its transformation into martensite during plastic deformation, provides Q&P treated steels with an enhanced combination of strength and ductility. In this investigation, the effect of different Q&T and Q&P treatments on the hardness-toughness relationship was determined. These results are compared with the RA contents and mechanical properties provided by tensile testing. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the optimum parameters for strength and ductility do not match with the best combinations of hardness and toughness. Furthermore, the stability of the RA plays an important role in the understanding of toughness properties of the investigated Q&P steels.
ANSYS-CFX simulation of the SRBTL test loop core with nanofluid coolant
Authors: Khonsha B. , Jahanfarnia G. , Sepanloo K. , Nematollahi M. , Khonsha I.
Published: December 2021

In the present study, CFD calculations are presented for the three types of water-based nanofluids Al2O3/water, CuO/water and TiO2/water with 0.1% volume fraction. These calculations are done with ANSYS-CFX and as geometry the SRBTL test loop as scaled down test loop for a VVER-1000 reactor core design is used. The goal of this study is to evaluate the CFD program against the SRBTL test loop core as a scaled core for applying water-based nanofluids as coolant. ANSYS-CFX simulation data are validated against the RELAP5/MOD3.2 simulation data for pure water. This comparison shows a good agreement. The simulation results for the nanofluids and water including Re number, temperature, viscosity, pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient through the SRBTL test loop core are compared. The results of the comparisons show that the SRBTL test loop core is suitable to extract experimental data of water-based nanofluids for using them as coolant in the VVER-1000 reactor.
Evaluation of human factor engineering influence in nuclear safety using probabilistic safety assessment techniques
Authors: Farcasiu M. , Constantinescu C.
Published: December 2021

This paper provides the empirical basis to support predictions of the Human Factor Engineering (HFE) influences in Human Reliability Analysis (HRA). A few methods were analyzed to identify HFE concepts in approaches of Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs): Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP), Human Cognitive Reliability (HCR) and Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM), Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) Plant Analysis Risk – Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H), A Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (ATHEANA) and Man-Machine-Organization System Analysis (MMOSA). Also, in order to identify other necessary PSFs in HFE, an additional investigation process of human performance (HPIP) in event occurrences was used. Thus, the human error probability could be reduced and its evaluating can give out the information for error detection and recovery. The HFE analysis model developed using BHEP values (maximum and pessimistic) is based on the simplifying assumption that all specific circumstances of HFE characteristics are equal in importance and have the same value of influence on human performance. This model is incorporated into the PSA through the HRA methodology. Finally, a clarification of the relationships between task analysis and the HFE is performed, ie between potential human errors and design requirements.
The Veteran Reintegrated in You’re the Worst and One Day at a Time
Authors: Pastel Renée
Published: December 2021

As the “War on Terror” continues, the national myth of veteran-as-hero has given way to a narrative shorthand of veteran-as-villain. Films and television shows depicting the reintegration of veterans tend to focus on the struggle and alienation from the homefront that veterans feel upon their return. In contrast, comedy television portrayals such as One Day at a Time and You’re the Worst, both of which slowly but successfully reintegrate their central veteran characters, do so narratively by shifting their characters’ veteran status from their defining feature to one aspect of their past. Ultimately, I argue that the process of reintegration is one paralleled in the rehumanization that these comedy television portrayals permit, ultimately offering hope that reintegration, while not easy, is possible.
Review elucidating graphene derivatives (GO/rGO) supported metal sulfides based hybrid nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Gul Mahwash Mahar , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad
Published: December 2021

Photocatalysis by utilizing semiconductors for the removal of toxic pollutants has gained tremendous interest for remediation purposes. The organic pollutants usually include; pesticides, dyes and other phenolic compounds. An imperative restraint associated with the photocatalytic effectiveness of the catalyst is the rapid recombination of the light generated electrons and holes. The particle agglomeration and electron-hole recombination hinders the rate of pollutant removal. For decades, researchers have used metal-sulfides efficiently for photocatalytic dye degradation. The recent use of hybrid nanomaterials with the combination of graphene derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide (GO/rGO)-metal sulfide has gained interest. These composites have displayed an impressive upsurge in the photocatalytic activity of materials. The current review describes the various researches on dye photodegradation by employing (GO/rGO)-metal sulfide, exhibiting a boosted potential for photocatalytic dye degradation. A comprehensive study on (CuS, ZnS and CdS)–GO/rGO hybrid composites have been discussed in detail for effective photocatalytic dye degradation in this review. Astonishingly improved dye degradation rates were observed in all these studies employing such hybrid composites. The several studies described in the review highlighted the varying degradation rates based on diverse research parameters and efficacy of graphene derivatives for enhancement of photocatalytic activity.
Sensory-Tactile Functional Mapping and Use-Associated Structural Variation of the Human Female Genital Representation Field
Authors: Knop Andrea J. J. , Spengler Stephanie , Bogler Carsten , Forster Carina , Brecht Michael , Haynes John-Dylan , Heim Christine
Published: December 2021

The precise location of the human female genital representation field in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is controversial and its capacity for use-associated structural variation as a function of sexual behavior remains unknown. We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible sensory-tactile stimulation paradigm to functionally map the location of the female genital representation field in 20 adult women. Neural response to tactile stimulation of the clitoral region (vs right hand) identified individually-diverse focal bilateral activations in dorsolateral areas of S1 (BA1–BA3) in alignment with anatomic location. We next used cortical surface analyses to assess structural thickness across the 10 individually most activated vertices per hemisphere for each woman. We show that frequency of sexual intercourse within 12 months is correlated with structural thickness of the individually-mapped left genital field. Our results provide a precise functional localization of the female genital field and provide support for use-associated structural variation of the human genital cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide a precise location of the human female genital field in the somatosensory cortex and, for the first time, provide evidence in support of structural variation of the human genital field in association with frequency of genital contact. Our study represents a significant methodological advance by individually mapping genital fields for structural analyses. On a secondary level, our results suggest that any study investigating changes in the human genital field must map the field individually to achieve sufficient precision. Our results pave the way for future research into the plasticity of the human genital cortex as a function of normal or adverse experience as well as changes in pathologic conditions, i.e., sexual dysfunction, sexual deviation, or sexual risk-taking behavior.
Adaptive Phage Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Recurrent Pneumonia (Pilot Study)
Authors: Beloborodova N. V. , Grechko A. V. , Gurkova M. M. , Zurabov A. Yu. , Zurabov F. M. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Megley A. Yu. , Petrova M. V. , Popova V. M. , Redkin I. V. , Sergeyev N. I. , Chernevskaya E. A. , Yuriev M. Yu. , Yakovlev A. A.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the adaptive phage therapy technique in patients with recurrent pneumonia in neurological critical care.Material and methods. The clinical study included 83 chronically critically ill patients with severe brain damage. The bacteriophage cocktail selected against specific hospital strains was administered by inhalation to 43 patients. The control group included 40 patients who received conventional antimicrobial therapy. The changes in clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters, levels of biomarkers, microbiological and PCR tests of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed, including those in the «phage therapy with antibiotics» (n=29) and «phage therapy without antibiotics» (n=14) subgroups.Results. The groups were comparable in terms of basic parameters (age, sex, diagnosis, organ dysfunction according to APACHE II, use of vasoactive drugs) and the level of airway colonization with antibioticresistant bacterial strains. Good tolerability and absence of clinically significant side effects were observed during inhaled administration of the bacteriophage cocktail. Computed tomography on day 21 showed a significant reduction in lung damage in patients who received bacteriophages. Patients treated with bacteriophages without antibiotics had significantly lower need for mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate on day 28 did not differ significantly and was 4.7% (2/43) in the bacteriophage-treated group vs 5% (2/40) in the control group.Conclusion. The first experience of using the adaptive phage therapy technique in chronically critically ill patients in neurological intensive care demonstrated the safety of inhalational administration of the bacteriophage cocktail. The efficacy of the technique was confirmed by the treatment results obtained in the phage therapy group, which were not inferior to those in the group with conventional antibiotic therapy, while several clinical and laboratory parameters tended to improve even in patients who received bacteriophages and did not receive antibiotics.
Soda-AQ pulping of Paulownia wood after hydrolysis treatment
Authors: García Juan Carlos , Zamudio Minerva A. M. , Pérez Antonio , Feria Manuel Javier , Gomide José Lívio , Colodette Jorge Luiz , López Francisco
Published: December 2021

A trihybrid clone of Paulownia fortunei x tormentosa x elongata was used for pulp and paper production using the soda-anthraquinone (AQ) process, comparing the results with those from Paulownia fortunei. An autohydrolysis process had been previously carried out on this raw material. A composite central experimental design and a multiple regression were used for modeling and optimizing the process. A valuable liquid phase could be obtained from the autohydrolysis process of Paulownia, trying to minimize cellulose degradation for pulp and paper production. A compromise to maximize the glucan and minimize the xylan contents in the postautohydrolysis solid phase could be achieved at 187.5ºC and 15 minutes. A suitable cellulosic pulp with kappa number ranging from 12.2 to 69.2 and ISO brightness from 18.2 to 30.6% presented better results than those from other studies. Regarding handsheets physical properties (tensile index 37.3 N·m/g ) and viscosity (848 cm3/g), significant improvements could be obtained when compared with previous results of a similar process using Paulownia fortunei or Paulownia elongata.
Modeling of constrained motion
Authors: Kleiza Vytautas , Šatinskaitė Rima
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an investigation of modeling and solving of differential equations in the study of mechanical systems with holonomic constraints. The 2D and 3D mathematical models of constrained motion are made. The structure of the models consists of nonlinear first or second order differential equations. Cases of free movement and movement with resistance are investigated. Solutions of the Cauchy problem of obtained differential equations were obtained by Runge–Kutta method.
Weak approximations of CKLS model by discrete random variables
Authors:   , Lileika Gytenis
Published: December 2021

The aim of research was to construct simple and effective weak approximations for the solution of the CKLS (Chan–Karolyi–Longstaff–Sanders) model that would use only generation of discrete random variables at each approximation step. CKLS model was introduced in 1992 and is widely used for modeling interest rates and prices of options and bonds. Particular cases of the model are the Vašiček model, a geometric Brownian motion, the CIR model, etc. The solution of the CKLS model is not known in explicit form, and therefore numerical methods are constructed. We construct first- and second-order weak approximations for the CKLS model using split-step, moments matching, and approximate moment matching techniques. We decompose the model into deterministic and stochastic parts, so that we need to construct a discretization scheme for the stochastic part only because the deterministic part is easily solvable in explicit way. Moment matching and approximate moments techniques allow us to approximate the former by discrete random variables. A certain composition of approximations of deterministic and stochastic parts gives weak approximations of the initial equation of the desired order.
Fundamentals of Synthesis of Organic Substances
Authors:   NAS of Ukraine,L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Shvaika Oles , Korotkikh Nikolai ,   NAS of Ukraine,L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Rayenko Gennady ,   NAS of Ukraine,L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry
Published: December 2021

The book presents the main methods of synthesis used today to obtain organic matter. For students of chemical specialties of universities, as well as graduate students, teachers and researchers.
Trends in the development of sensor devices based on surface plasmon resonance (Review)
Authors:   V.  E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Samoylov A. V.
Published: December 2021

Trends in the development of modern sensory devices based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are considered. The basic principles of construction of SPR sensor are given. For excitation of surface plasmons on the surface of sensitive elements of biosensory, a prism of total internal reflection is used or a dielectric substrate are used. A thin (dozens nm) film of high-conductive metal (mainly gold or silver) is applied to the working surface of the prisms or dielectric substrate. In a typical observation experiment, SPR is measured dependence on the angle of increasing light intensity, reflected by the resonance sensitive surface of the prism (chip). The optical schemes and principles of work of various SPR sensors are considered: - SPR Sensors with angular modulation, which are the most commonly used method based on the corner registration, in which the SPR occurs. The surface of the metal film is irradiated by monochromatic light and scans on a certain range of angles. There is a kind of SPR sensors with angular modulation, in which there is no mechanical scan of the angle of fall. Such sensors are entirely necessary for excitation of PPRs a set of angles is obtained due to a divergent or convergent light beam. - PPR sensors with a wavelength modulation is based on fixing an angle of falling light at a certain value and modulation of the wavelength of the incident light. Excitation of surface plasmons leads to a characteristic failure in the spectrum of reflected radiation. - Phase sensitive SPR sensors in which a change in the phase of the light wave associated with the surface plasma is measured on one corner of the fall and the wavelength of the light wave and is used as the output signal. - SPR imaging sensors in which the Technology of SPR imaging (SPRi) combines the sensitivity of the SPR with spatial image capabilities. The SPRI circuit uses as a fixed angle (as a rule, a slightly left angle of the SPR) and a fixed wavelength to measure changes in the reflection ability (Δ% R) that occur when the curve of the SPR is shifted due to the change in the refractive index above the surface of the sensor element. - SPR imaging sensors polarization contrast. In order to improve the quality of high-performance SPR imaging sensors in terms of sensitivity and resolution, the method of polarization contrast is used Disadvantages and advantages of SPR sensors are constructed with different principles are considered. The design and prospect of the use of achromatic and suburchast wave plates in the PPR imaging sensors with polarization contrast are considered.
SURFACE LUMINESCENCE OF A2B6 SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS (REVIEW)
Authors:   V.  E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Korbutyak D. V.
Published: December 2021

Semiconductor zero-dimensional nanocrystals – quantum dots (QDs) – have been increasingly used in various fields of opto- and nanoelectronics in recent decades. This is because of the exciton nature of their luminescence, which can be controlled via the well known quantum-dimensional effect. At the same time, at small nanocrystall sizes, the influence of the surface on the optical and structural properties of nanocrystals increases significantly. The presence of broken bonds of surface atoms and point defects – vacancies and interstial atoms – can both weaken the exciton luminescence and create new effective channels of radiant luminescence. In some cases, these surface luminescence becomes dominant, leading to optical spectra broadening up to the quasi-white light. The nature of such localized states often remains unestablished due to the large number of the possible sorts of defects in both of QD and its surrounding. In contrast to exciton luminescence, which can be properly described within effective-mass approximations, the optical properties of defects relay on chemical nature of both defect itsself and its surrounding, what cannot be provided by “hydrogen-type coulomb defect” approximation. Moreover, charge state and related to this lattice relaxation must be taken into account, what requires an application of atomistic approach, such as Density functioal theory (DFT). Therefore, this review is devoted to the study of surface (defect) states and related luminescence, as well as the analysis of possible defects in nanocrystals of semiconductor compounds A2B6 (CdS, CdZnS, ZnS), responsible for luminescence processes, within ab initio approach. The review presents the results of the authors' and literature sources devoted to the study of the luminescent characteristics of ultra-small (<2 nm) QDs.
Modern view on steel desulfurization
Authors:   Zaporizhia National University, Zaporizhia, Ukraine, Vodennikova O.S. , Holovkov P.V. ,   Zaporizhia National University, Zaporizhia, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Modern technological schemes of steel production do not allow to achieve low (< 0.01 % S) and ultra-low (<0.005 % S) sulfur content on the production of in the metal directly. That is why out-of-furnace steel treatment is often used to remove sulfur. Desulfurization process of steel depends on the chemical composition of the slag, the time of its formation in the ladle, metal oxidation, conditions of mixing of steel in a ladle, additional technological operations and ladle metal processing. Methods are widely used for desulfurization of steel treatment of steel with solid slag-forming mixtures, synthetic slag, lime-aluminous slag, silico-calcium and other powdered materials. Modern approaches to the process of steel desulfurization in conditions steel production are analyzed in the Study. In particular, the Ukrainian (on the example of PJSC ‘Azovstal Iron & Steel Works’ and PJSC ‘Dneprovsky Integrated Iron & Steel Works named after Dzershinsky’) and foreign (on the example of PJSC ‘Severstal’ and PJSC ‘Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works’) experience of desulfurization under oxygen converter production. The use of technological complexes ‘Installation of pig iron desulfurization steel making unit’ and ‘Cast iron desulfurization installation steel making unit is ‘oven-bucket’ installation’ provides a deeper desulfurization of steel, the possibility of optimizing the cost of steel production, expands range of scarce products and eliminates a number of restrictive conditions that complicate current production. The analysis of steel C80D desulfurization process is given in the conditions of JSC ‘Moldova Steel Works’, in which partial sulfur removal occurs in an arc steel making furnace, and the ultra-low content is achieved by creating a highly basic refining slag in the process out-of-furnace processing of steel. The study of the kinetics of the desulfurization process of 20GL steel in the conditions of JSC ‘Tashkent Mechanical Plant’ with the use of solid slag-forming mixtures and modification of steel with rare-earth metals is analyzed. The issue of desulfurization of electric steel in the conditions of OJSC ‘Byelorussian Steel Works’ with injection of powdered materials through the installation ‘Velko’ during out-of-furnace processing of steel is considered. Keywords: steel desulfurization, desulfurizer reagent, degree of desulfurization, cast iron desulfurization installation, out-of-furnace processing of steel, ‘‘oven-bucket’’ installation.
CsPd0.875Cr0.125I3 Promising Candidate for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Berri S.
Published: December 2021

We study the electronic structure, magnetization, and thermoelectric properties of CsPd0.875Cr0.125I3 obtained by doping CsPdI3 with atoms of the 3d transition metal Cr. By applying the generalized-gradient-approximation (GGA) and the GGA + U one, we found that CsPd0.875Cr0.125I3 alloy exhibits a completely metallic characteristic. Changes in the thermoelectric properties of the alloy are determined with the use of the BoltzTrap code. The electronic thermal conductivities (k/т), Seebeck coefficients (S), power factors (PF), and electrical conductivities (q/т) are calculated. The value of the ZT merit factor is near 1 at room temperature, by indicating that CsPd0.875Cr0.125I3 is a good candidate for thermoelectric applications at high and low temperatures.
Ціле є більшим за суму його частин
Authors: Головач Юрій Васильович
Published: December 2021

Нобелівську премію з фізики 2021 р. було присуджено «за новаторський внесок у наше розуміння складних систем», причому одну половину спільно присудили Сюкуро Манабе та Клаусу Гассельманну «за фізичне моделювання клімату Землі, кількісне визначення мінливості та надійне прогнозування глобального потепління», а іншу — Джорджо Парізі «за відкриття взаємодії безладу і флуктуацій у фізичних системах від атомних до планетарних масштабів».
Про співпрацю Національної академії наук України і Державного космічного агентства України зі створення системи контролю та аналізу космічної обстановки
Authors: Яцків Ярослав Степанович , Присяжний Володимир Ілліч
Published: December 2021

Співдоповідь присвячено результатам співробітництва Національної академії наук України та Державного космічного агентства України щодо виконання вкрай актуального для України завдання — створення національної Системи контролю та аналізу космічної обстановки. Окреслено шляхи подальшої співпраці з використання радіоастрономічних інструментів та розширення мережі оптичних станцій для спостереження космічних об'єктів у навколоземному просторі.
Molecular characterization of Iranian dromedaries using microsatellite markers
Authors: Mohammadabadi Mohammadreza , Ghasemi Meymandi Mehrdad , Montazeri Mahdieh , Afanasenko Volodymyr , Kalashnyk Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

Considering the importance of maintaining the genetic diversity in native animals, this study conducted to analyse genetic diversity in dromedary populations in the north of Kerman province, Iran, using eight autosomal microsatellite markers. Eighty-one blood samples were collected from five different populations and DNA was extracted. The highest and the lowest allele number and effective alleles were shown in YWLL08 (21 and 4) and VOLP32 (14.97 and 3.11), respectively. The expected heterozygosity varied from 0.778 in Sahra-e Jahad population to 0.847 in Nogh population. The test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed significant deviations in most loci. The mean multilocus FST value (0.057) suggested that differentiation is moderate between populations. From total genetic diversity, only 6% were due to differentiation among populations, while the remaining 94% corresponded to differences among individuals within each population. The results of the current study indicated that the Camelus dromedarius populations in the north of Kerman province have a relativity high genetic variation and the data could be useful for designing the breeding strategies and conservation. The degree of variability demonstrated implies that studied populations are rich reservoirs of genetic diversity that must be preserved. A future direction to our study can be studying all of the Iranian Camelus dromedarius populations to better evaluate the level of inbreeding and establish the appropriate conservation strategies aimed to avoid losses of genetic diversity.
Phylogenetic relationship of coffee leaf rust in the central jungle of Peru
Authors: Gamarra Gamarra Delia Palmira , Torres Suarez Gilberto , Villar Quiñonez Charo Milagros , McTaggart Alistair R. , Carrasco Lozano Emerson Clovis
Published: December 2021

Coffee leaf rust is the main disease that causes significant losses in Coffea arabica. In Peru, this disease caused epidemics between 2008 and 2013 with production losses of 35 %. The objective was to identify H. vastatrix using a morphological and molecular approach based on a phylogenetic species concept. Coffee leaf samples with symptoms of chlorotic lesions with the presence of yellow uredospores at different severity stages of different cultivars were collected from 11 locations in the departments of Pasco and Junin during 2017-2018. DNA was purified as proposed by Cristancho and coworkers. The major subunit of ribosomal DNA was amplified with universal primers LR0R and LR5, and sequenced by Macrogen and deposited in GenBank. Sequences from the genera Achrotelium, Blastospora, Cystopsora, Hemileia, and Mikronegeria were included for phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the rust was distributed in coffee growing regions of Pasco: Villa Rica (Catimor, Caturra, and Gran Colombia); Oxapampa (Yellow Caturra), and Junín: San Luis de Shuaro (Catimor), Chanchamayo (Catimor), San Ramón (Catimor), Vitoc (Caturra), Pichanaki (Caturra), Río Negro (Caturra), Pangoa (Yellow Caturra, Gran Colombia, Limani). It was also grouped into a single clade with isolated H. vastatrix from Mexico and Australia, suggesting that they come from a common ancestor. This is the first confirmed report using molecular barcoding of H. vastatrix in the central jungle of Peru.
Prediction of land degradation by Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Habibi Vahid , Ahmadi Hassan , Jaffari Mohammad , Moeini Abolfazl
Published: December 2021

In this study, three models were used to monitor and predict the GWL and the land degradation index via the IMDPA method. In all models, 70% of the data was applied for training, while 30% of data were employed for testing and validation. Monthly rainfall, TWI index, the distance of the river, Geographic location was the inputs and the level of groundwater was the output of each method. we found that ANN has the highest efficiency, which agrees with other findings. We combined the results of ANN with Ordinary Kriging and produced a groundwater condition map. According to the potential desertification map and groundwater level index, the potential of desertification had become severe since 2002 and was at a rate of 60% of land area, which, due to incorrect land management in 2016, increased to almost 98% of the land surface in the study area. Using ANN, we predicted that around 99% of the area was severely degraded for 2017. We also used latitude and longitude as input variables which improved the model. In addition to the target variable, latitude and longitude play important roles in Ordinary Kriging and decreased the total error of two combined models.
Coffee plantation soil characterization using a multi-method approach near the Volcano Nevado del Ruiz, Colombian Central Cordillera
Authors: Hincapié Brahiam , Cortés-Soto Alexander , Bermudez Mauricio A , Yepez Santiago , Trujillo-Hernández Juan Sebastián , Salguero-Londoño Blanca Myriam , Grande Sebastián
Published: December 2021

The presence of iron oxides may provide a sensitive indicator of the effects of cropping practices on coffee plantations. Authors characterized the mineral phases present in soil A horizons at three different farms located in the Department of Tolima within the regions of Líbano and Villahermosa. Our analysis includes X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and remote sensing to discriminate the distribution of the different magnetic mineral phases. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the mineralogical properties of iron oxide such as hematite, goethite, and ferrihydrite (Fh), as well as tectosilicate minerals such as albite and sanidine. Mössbauer spectroscopy results for samples taken at room temperature indicate the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ mineral phases, which possibly correspond to ilmenite or magnetite. Finally, Sentinel-2A multi-spectral imager (MSI) data was used to map the distribution of iron oxides and study the influence of their distribution throughout the study area. A high correlation between Mössbauer spectroscopy and Sentinel-2A MSI data exists throughout the study area. The results suggest that farms close to the main Nevado del Ruíz Volcano have a more significant mineralogical variability. In contrast, more distant farms are characterized by soils with more iron oxides, the product of weathering, erosion, and human activities.
MODEL PENDAMPINGAN LANJUT USIA PENYINTAS COVID-19
Authors: Darmalaksana Wahyudin
Published: December 2021

Penyintas Covid-19 lanjut usia sering mengalami gangguan kesehatan yang cukup serius, sehingga dibutuhkan perhatian dan penangan yang serius pula. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan model pendampingan bagi lanjut usia penyintas Covid-19. Metode pengabdian ini menggunakan participation action research. Hasil pengabdian menunjukan bahwa keberhasilan dapat dicapai melalui penerapan model pendampingan lanjut usia penyintas Covid-19. Penerapan model ini dimulai sejak refleksi sosial, perencanaan partisipatif, dan hingga pelaksanaan program. Keberhasilan pengabdian ini dilihat dari indikator kemajuan kesehatan terhadap tiga orang lannjut usia penyintas Covid-19. Adapun indikator kesehatan meliputi timbulnya motivasi pemulihan dari dalam diri para penyintas Covid-19, dilihat dari kondisi kesehatan fisik dan mental yang terus berangsur baik, dan keterangan medis dari bidang kedokteran. Pengabdian ini menyimpulkan bahwa model pendampingan memiliki kekuatan yang efisien bagi pemulihan kesehatan lanjut usia penyintas Covid-19.TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
Sasanian Pseudo-Signet-Ring Excavated at the Palace of Mangup: The Aspects of Its Attribution and Interpretation
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Naumenko Valerii Evgen’evich , Gertsen Aleksander Germanovich ,   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: December 2021

In 2006, the excavation of the palace of the rulers of the Principality of Theodoro (1425–1475) in the central area of the ancient town of Mangup (south-western Crimea) uncovered a unique at this site signet-ring of yellowish chalcedony made in the sixth or early seventh century in Sasanian Iran. This find belongs to a group of the so-called pseudo-signet-rings (muhr); it shows an ellipsoidal shape (flattened hemisphere) with a narrow channel for hanging on the neck, wrist, or belt. On the shield of the signet-ring there is an image of a mountain sheep (аrhar) with steeply curved horns, lying to the left, with the legs tucked. It was accompanied with a number of official symbols of the ruling dynasty in the Sassanian State: the royal bow ashkharavand (of a ribbon tied round a front leg of the animal), a crescent with the horns upward (a young Moon, one of the symbols of the dynasty), and atashdan (Zoroastrian temple altar with burning fire). The composition of this image goes back to the legend about the founder of the Sassanian dynasty King Ardashir I (224–240), who defeated the last Parthian ruler Artaban V (213–224) and ascended the throne with the help from the deity of royal power, victory, might, luck, and glory Farr embodied in the mountain ram. Therefore, the first owner of the signet-ring was a member of the privileged part of the Sassanian society, using the ring to make signature or as a sign of ownership when sealing personal documents and items of trade transactions. Considering the circumstances of the discovery of the Sassanian ring in the cultural layer of one of the largest Byzantine fortresses in Taurica obviously constructed at the end of the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527–565), it is hardly worth thinking of direct official correspondence between the local Byzantine administration and someone from Iranian correspondents or the presence of the military contingents from Persia. Most likely, the find in question was simply a trophy of a Byzantine officer who took part in one of the many Byzantine-Sassanian military campaigns of the second half of the sixth or the first third of the seventh centuries and then continued his service in the garrison of Mangup-Doros.
The Nothern Russian Toponym Urdoma: Old and New Etymologies
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kabinina Nadezhda V. , Kornienko Ekaterina D. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: December 2021

The paper focuses on some earlier and new etymologies of the mysterious toponym Urdoma which nowadays refers to a village located on the left bank of the river Vychegda in Lensky district, Arkhangelsk region. Studying historical records and materials related to local history, the authors conclude that this place name was originally attributed to a stream (the right feeder of the Vychegda) nearby the settlement Urdoma and the volost of the same name. The first part of the paper reviews the earlier etymologies of the name and comments on their validity and reliability. The authors reject the hypothesis of Sanskrit ūrdhva (‘high’) as the origin for Urdoma; the interpretation of the place name as Komi-Zyryan ur ‘squirrel’ + Russian doma ‘houses’ is considered a folk etymology; the authors also note the weaknesses of some other hypotheses which trace the origin of the name from Finnic *Urto/maa ‘the woodland for hunting,’ or from Komi *(V)urd/vom < ‘tamias’ + ‘river mouth,’ or from Permic *Ur/ton ‘without squirrels.’ The second part of the paper suggests two new etymological hypotheses. According to the first one, the hydronym Urdoma originates not from the Komi-Zyryan language directly but from an earlier Proto-Permic root *ɨrd- which had a basic meaning of ‘put upright’ (> ‘obstruct’). Within this hypothesis, the meaning of ‘obstructedness’ conveys the river’s suitability for setting fishing weirs, or the presence of obstructions of natural origin such as deadfall piles, or (considering metonymy) the existence of a fortress near the river in the past. According to the second hypothesis, the hydronym Urdoma relates to the place names which include the term -dom widely spread in historical Meryan lands and on the northern Finnish territories. In that case, considering denotative toponymic meaning of the term -dom, the final component of the toponym Urdoma can be interpreted as ‘mountain; raised riverbank’. The first component of the place name (which possibly has been deformed) can be associated with Sami urd ‘large plateau or highland’.
Corpus of Surnames of the Ilek Cossacks (Based on the 18th–19th Centuries Census Material and Parish Registers)
Authors:   Web Project Planet of Names and Surnames, Nazarov Alois I.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the surnames of the Ilek Cossacks — one of the local communities in the Ural Cossack Host. Nowadays, all the surviving settlements of the Ilek Cossacks are located in the southwest of the Orenburg Region, Russia. This community was shaped as a result of the formation of the Ilek fortress in 1737. Therefore, the “age” of the local group of Cossack surnames is not older than this fortress. For a long time, Ilek Cossacks rarely joined other local groups of the Ural Cossack Host. Cossacks from other stanitsas also rarely moved to the villages on the Ilek. This could have contributed to the emergence of a rather peculiar set of local surnames within the Ural Cossack Host. Until now, the surnames of Ilek Cossacks have not become a specific object of study in onomastics or related disciplines, and this paper aims to bridge this gap. Based on eight archival sources for this group of Cossacks, the author made up a list of just over 600 surnames and their variants with further classification. This list allows to solve problems of theoretical and practical nature: to analyze the evolution of the surnames from census to census and to reveal dialectal features in the surnames; to compare this list to the surnames of other communities of Ural Cossacks and various groups of the Russian people. It also lays the groundwork for a future dictionary of surnames of Ilek Cossacks. The most difficult task is the distinction, in the censuses of 1773 and 1817, between surnames and semi-patronymics formed from the full forms of church names. As a solution, the author proposes a method for determining the status of the second elements of anthroponyms such as Ivan Anufriev, Mikhail Avtonomov, Stepan Vasiliev in the books of these censuses.