bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and torture
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau
Published: December 2022

Over the past few weeks, and with the Editorial already at completion, the COVID-19 pandemic has invaded our lives. Its systemic impact has affected, and continues to affect in equal measure the provision of rehabilitation to victims of torture.

Amongst the many areas in which COVID-19 has impacted the field of prevention and rehabilitation of torture survivors, at least 8 areas of concern can be highlighted.

1. Attacks on basic fundamental rights and unnecessary increase in social control measures (Human Rights Watch, 2020a)

2. Increases in cases of ill-treatment or torture linked to the pandemic itself. For instance, various media sources have reported cases related to the dissemination of information in countries where this was considered to be against the interest of the State (Wang, 2020; Human Rights Watch, 2020b; Amnesty International, 2020a)

3. Respect for the rights of detainees and COVID preventive measures in detention settings that are compliant with human rights (Council of Europe, 2020; OHCHR, 2020; Council of Europe, 2010) and especially amnesty processes for political prisoners or the use non-custodial measures (Comninos, 2020; Amnesty International, 2020b).

4. Increases in cases of gender-based violence (Ford, 2020; UNFPA, 2020; UN Women, 2020) and assaults on homeless populations (Phasuk, 2020; Hartley, 2019), both related to fear and isolation.

5. Relapse of symptoms, especially night mares, flashbacks and somatic symptoms, in survivors that were ill-treated or tortured while in custody, due to COVID- related self-confinement or measures of medical isolation.

6. The reshaping of society: Will there be a change in values towards more egalitarian, empathetic and supportive societies? Or an evolution towards a more fearful society with an increasing lack of solidarity as fear instils?

7. The use of warlike metaphors (the “war” on the Coronavirus) as a prelude to restrictions in freedoms, censorship or authoritarianism in the name of the collective good (Human Rights Watch, 2020a).

8. Cutting budget allocations for the most disadvantaged, vulnerable groups in general and survivors of torture specifically, in favour of security policies or market-based post-COVID decisions (UNDP, 2020; European Council, 2020).

These are some of the many areas of reflection on COVID-19 as a global crisis in the field of human rights and the prevention of torture and rehabilitation of torture victims.

Torture Journal invites our readers to share your experiences, reflections, research and data in the form of a Letter to the Editor, News or Research Report for inclusion in future issues of the Journal. This is a global crisis which may, in turn, foster a shared learning opportunity for all.
How do Studies at the University Help Prospective Physical Education Teachers form Their Professional Identity?
Authors: Poteliūnienė Sniegina , Karanauskienė Diana , Kontautienė Vytė , Grajauskas Lauras
Published: December 2022

This study examines the expression of self-efficacy, academic motivation, study satisfaction of prospective physical education teachers in different years of study, their interrelationships and intends to explain how studies help prospective physical education teachers shape their professional identities. A questionnaire survey was administered to 783 1st to 4th year undergraduate physical education students from four Lithuanian universities. The year of study did not affect changes in students’ self-efficacy expectations and intrinsic academic motivation, which may mean that such professional identity indicators are less affected by contextual factors. The correlations among the analysed variables showed that the quality of teaching, clear goals, and the maintenance of autonomy are essential components of the academic environment in order to strengthen the prospective PE teacher’s professional identity. The results of the study may encourage physical education teacher educators’ deeper analysis of the ongoing feedback on student satisfaction with their studies as an emotional PI indicator.
Over Three Decades of Data Envelopment Analysis Applied to the Measurement of Efficiency in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Pham Van Thuan , Tran Trung , Trinh Thi Phuong Thao , Hoang Ngoc Anh , Nghiem Thi Thanh , La Phuong Thuy
Published: December 2022

The higher education efficiency evaluation model using the data envelopment analysis method has interested many researchers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis on publications extracted from the Scopus database to provide a comprehensive overview of research publications on the measurement of higher education efficiency based on data envelopment analysis: its growth rate, major collaboration networks, the most important and popular research topic. A total of 169 related publications were collected and analyzed from 1988 to 2021. The analysis results show that: Publications published every year have increased sharply in the last six years; The quality of publications is relatively high as publications tend to be published in journals with high-ranking indexes; Countries with the most influence in studies on this topic are: Italy, China, Spain, the USA, and the United Kingdom; Authors with the most influence in this research direction are Agasisti T., Abbott M., Doucouliagos C., Avkiran N.K., and Johnes J.; The research cooperation among countries and among affiliations is not strong. Finally, the paper has provided recommendations for future studies based on the findings.
La generación Z desea ser youtuber y/o influencer. Factores que determinan esta tendencia
Authors: Gutiérrez Arenas María del Pilar , García Antonia Ramírez , Ruíz Rosa María Reifs
Published: December 2022

Las redes sociales representan un nuevo estilo de vida para los más jóvenes en todos los ámbitos (personal, social, profesional, etc.). Los youtubers y/o influencers son los nuevos ídolos de su generación, estos se han convertido en los nuevos referentes que condicionan la conducta vocacional, bien como modelos a seguir, bien por la influencia que ejercen en la toma de decisiones y en el proceso de construcción de su proyecto de vida.

Para identificar qué variables pueden estar interviniendo en el deseo de querer dedicarse a estas profesiones emergentes, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, con una muestra de 803 estudiantes andaluces de Educación Secundaria y donde se ha utilizado el cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las variables (sexo, edad, nivel educativo, y deseo de ser youtuber/influencer) están relacionadas de manera significativa con los ítems analizados de la escala de concepción de la profesión de youtuber/influencer. En conclusión, se puede decir que es fundamental conocer este tipo de influencias para poder llevar a cabo una adecuada labor educativa y de orientación, tanto en el ámbito escolar como familiar, así como una oportunidad para trabajar con ellos la adquisición de un sentido crítico de la información consumida.
Scientific letter
Authors: Bennji S M , Al-Kindi A H , Jayakrishnan B , Al Shehhi A , Itkhan B
Published: December 2022

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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: An infrequent cause of chronic lung fibrosis in Africa?
Authors: Wong M L
Published: December 2022

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Coverage of vitamin A supplementation, deworming and immunisations: Associations with nutritional status among urban children younger than 5 years in Nelson Mandela Bay, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Mclaren S W , Steenkamp L
Published: December 2022

Background. Even though immunisation coverage is tracked through the district health system in South Africa (SA), limited information is available regarding interventions linked to the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) and the impact on the nutritional status of children <5 years of age. 

Objectives. To describe coverage of immunisations, vitamin A supplementation and deworming among children <5 years old in an urban area of Nelson Mandela Bay, Eastern Cape Province, SA. A secondary objective was to investigate whether a history of missed immunisations, vitamin A supplementation or deworming was associated with wasting or stunting in children. 

Methods. A descriptive study was conducted between September 2015 and February 2016, where cross-sectional anthropometrical data were collected from 1 513 children in 32 pre-schools, together with a retrospective analysis of the participants’ Road-to-Health/clinic cards to collect data on immunisation, vitamin A and deworming. Participants were categorised into 3-month age intervals to facilitate data analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Nelson Mandela University Research Ethics Committee (Human). 

Results. Data of 1 496 children were included in the analysis. The prevalence of underweight was 2.5% (n=37), while 11.2% (n=167) were stunted and 1.1% (n=16) were wasted. There were associations between age category and delayed vitamin A supplementation (χ2=32.105; df=19; n=836; p=0.03) and deworming (χ2= 45.257; df=17; n=558; p<0.001), but there was no association between delayed vaccinations and age category. There were no significant differences in anthropometrical indicators for children with delayed vitamin A supplementation, deworming and vaccinations compared with children in this sample who were up to date regarding the relevant indicators. However, weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores and stunting risk were associated with low birthweight (LBW) (odds ratio (OR) 4.658; p<0.001). 

Conclusion. Coverage of vitamin A supplementation and deworming but not immunisations was poorer among children in older age categories. A history of delayed vitamin A, deworming and vaccinations was not associated with the anthropometrical status of children. Children with LBW should be considered for more rigorous follow-up, as they are at higher risk of stunting.
Food provision in early childhood development centres in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Lewis A , Smit Y , Smit M , Nel D G
Published: December 2022

Background. Poor nutrition practices result in malnutrition, a public health concern that affects a third of children globally. In Zimbabwe, ~27.6% of children under-5 years old are stunted. Some of these children spend long hours in early childhood development centres (ECDCs). Children can receive half to two-thirds of their daily food intake while in care, making ECDCs an ideal entry point to influence child nutrition positively. There are no specific nutrition guidelines for ECDCs in Zimbabwe.

Objective. The study aimed to investigate food provision at ECDCs of the Northern-Central District of Harare.Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted in 15 ECDCs. Fifteen ECD managers (ECDMs) and 14 food handlers (FHs) were included in the study. An observational checklist allowed recording of food preparation and hygiene practices. The Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) of the menu was calculated using the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 9-group DDS sheet.Results. Inadequate food storage facilities and food handling practices were observed. Staff had minimal nutrition-related training. Staff displayed a positive attitude towards their role in providing healthy meals. Barriers to serving healthy meals were inadequate funds, children’s food preferences, unrealistic parental expectations, and external factors. The mean DDS score for menus was 2.8. Meals consisted mainly of starchy items, legumes and meat, and lacked fruit and dairy items.Conclusion. National guidelines can improve children’s dietary intake while in day care. In alignment with Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 3, food provision at ECDCs should be a priority.
The utility of mobile telephone-recorded videos as adjuncts to the diagnosis of seizures and paroxysmal events in children with suspected epileptic seizures
Authors: Oyieke K , Wilmshurst JM
Published: December 2022

Background. Epilepsy is often diagnosed through clinical description, but inter-observer interpretations can be diverse and misleading.Objective. To assess the utility of smartphone videos in the diagnosis of paediatric epilepsy.Methods. The literature was reviewed for evidence to support the use of smartphone videos, inclusive of advantages, ethical practiceand potential disadvantages. An existing adult-based quality of video (QOV) scoring tool was adapted for use in children. A pilot studyused convenience sampling of videos from 25 patients, which were reviewed to assess the viability of the adapted QOV tool againstthe subsequent diagnosis for the patients with videos. The referral mechanism of the videos was reviewed for the source and consentprocesses followed.Results. A total of 14 studies were identified. Methodologies varied; only three focused on videos of children, and QOV was formally scored in three. Studies found that smartphone videos of good quality assisted the differentiation of epilepsy from non-epileptic events, especially with accompanying history and with more experienced clinicians. The ethics and risks of circulation of smartphone videos were briefly considered in a minority of the reports. The pilot study found that the adapted QOV tool correlated with videos of moderate and high quality and subsequent diagnostic closure.Conclusions. Data relating to the role of smartphone video of events in children is lacking, especially from low- and middle-incomesettings. Guidelines for caregivers to acquire good-quality videos are not part of routine practice. The ethical implications of transfer ofsensitive material have not been adequately addressed for this group. Prospective multicentre studies are needed to formally assess the viability of the adapted QOV tool for paediatric videos.
Os olhos negros do Brasil
Authors: Serra Ordep
Published: December 2022

Dividido em duas partes, o livro elenca laudos antropológicos elaborados pelo autor, tendo em vista a preservação de terreiros de candomblé de Salvador e pequenos ensaios. Os olhos negros do Brasil traça o seu caminho perpassando desde a questão preliminar sobre o rótulo de “afro-brasileiros” até o racismo, intolerância e violência que oprimem os terreiros baianos. Portanto, o livro representa e preserva a cultura negra a partir de vieses repletos de unidade.
Shifting the focus of zebrafish toward a model of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Weiss Joshua M , Lumaquin-Yin Dianne , Montal Emily , Suresh Shruthy , Leonhardt Carl S , White Richard M
Published: December 2022

Cancer cells exist in a complex ecosystem with numerous other cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The composition of this tumor/TME ecosystem will vary at each anatomic site and affects phenotypes such as initiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. A mechanistic understanding of the large number of cell-cell interactions between tumor and TME requires models that allow us to both characterize as well as genetically perturb this complexity. Zebrafish are a model system optimized for this problem, because of the large number of existing cell-type-specific drivers that can label nearly any cell in the TME. These include stromal cells, immune cells, and tissue resident normal cells. These cell-type-specific promoters/enhancers can be used to drive fluorophores to facilitate imaging and also CRISPR cassettes to facilitate perturbations. A major advantage of the zebrafish is the ease by which large numbers of TME cell types can be studied at once, within the same animal. While these features make the zebrafish well suited to investigate the TME, the model has important limitations, which we also discuss. In this review, we describe the existing toolset for studying the TME using zebrafish models of cancer and highlight unique biological insights that can be gained by leveraging this powerful resource.
The mini-IDLE 3D biomimetic culture assay enables interrogation of mechanisms governing muscle stem cell quiescence and niche repopulation
Authors: Jacques Erik , Kuang Yinni , Kann Allison P , Le Grand Fabien , Krauss Robert S , Gilbert Penney M
Published: December 2022

Adult skeletal muscle harbours a population of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) that are required for repair after tissue injury. In youth, MuSCs return to a reversible state of cell-cycle arrest termed ‘quiescence’ after injury resolution. Conversely, some MuSCs in aged muscle remain semi-activated, causing a premature response to injuries that results in incomplete repair and eventual stem cell depletion. Regulating this balance between MuSC quiescence and activation may hold the key to restoring tissue homeostasis with age, but is incompletely understood. To fill this gap, we developed a simple and tractable in vitro method, to rapidly inactivate MuSCs freshly isolated from young murine skeletal muscle, and return them to a quiescent-like state for at least 1-week, which we name mini-IDLE (Inactivation and Dormancy LEveraged in vitro). This was achieved by introducing MuSCs into a 3D bioartificial niche comprised of a thin sheet of mouse myotubes, which we demonstrate provides the minimal cues necessary to induce quiescence. With different starting numbers of MuSCs, the assay revealed cellular heterogeneity and population-level adaptations that converged on a common niche repopulation density; behaviours previously observed only in vivo. Quiescence-associated hallmarks included a Pax7+CalcR+DDX6+MyoD-c-FOS- signature, quiescent-like morphologies, and polarized niche markers. Leveraging high-content bioimaging pipelines, we demonstrate a relationship between morphology and cell fate signatures for possible real-time morphology-based screening. When using MuSCs from aged muscle, they displayed aberrant proliferative activities and delayed inactivation kinetics, among other quiescence-associated defects that we show are partially rescued by wortmannin treatment. Thus, the assay offers an unprecedented opportunity to systematically investigate long-standing queries in areas such as regulation of pool size and functional heterogeneity within the MuSC population, and to uncover quiescence regulators in youth and age.
Escola Hub: os desafios do crescimento de uma rede de escolas inovadoras
Authors: Almeida Thiago Gomes de , Dusi Cristina Sayuri Côrtes Ouchi
Published: December 2022

Após surpreender a todos pelos resultados positivos do seu lançamento inicial no mercado, a Escola Hub, instituição de ensino básico que nasceu com uma proposta pedagógica inovadora, decidiu rever seu plano de crescimento. O conselho de sócios encomendou ao sócio fundador e Diretor Executivo, Thiago, um estudo que apresentasse uma nova estratégia capaz de garantir a saúde financeira, controle sobre a gestão e velocidade no crescimento. O Caso Escola Hub foi desenvolvido para ser utilizado em disciplinas de Estratégia e Empreendedorismo, na graduação e pós-graduação. Seu objetivo é auxiliar os estudantes a vivenciarem os desafios de crescimento das empresas que oferecem serviços inovadores, através da discussão sobre oportunidades, limitações e riscos do crescimento empresarial, características dos negócios inovadores, alternativas para captação de investimentos e estratégias de crescimento.
Animals
Authors:   South African Environmental Observation Network, Arid Lands Node, Henschel Joh R. , Jürgens Norbert
Published: December 2022

This section introduces important animals that are not regarded as causing fairy circles. It is rather assumed that they take advantage of resources and structures provided by fairy circles. Some of them directly use the Sand termites as a food resource (e.g. Aardvark), others occupy various positions within food webs at fairy circles (e.g. Seothyra spiders feeding on Tetramorium ants which forage on Psammotermes). Others seem to simply make use of the soil moisture offered underneath the fairy circles bare patch (e.g. the ant Carebara kunenesis). Namibian mountain zebra often use the open areas of the bare patch for dust bathing by rolling. Ostrich may also use fairy circles for dust bathing and sometimes establish nests inside.
An Examination of the Mental Health Status of Canadian Children and Youth with Disabilities
Authors: O’Rourke Roxy Helliker , Brown Denver , Martin Ginis Kathleen A. , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P.
Published: December 2022

Children and youth with disabilities (CYD) are more likely to experience poor mental health compared to non-disabled peers. Disability type may impact mental health outcomes; however, a more comprehensive understanding of mental health outcomes in CYD with diverse disability types is needed. This study examined the mental health status of CYD. Parents of 473 CYD completed a survey including a measure of mental health indicators. Approximately 72% of the sample had above average total difficulties scores. Boys scored higher than girls on the hyperactivity subscale, and those with comorbid disabilities scored the highest on total difficulties. Overall, the results indicate CYD experience mental health challenges at rates well above population norms. Research exploring interventions that may buffer these effects is warranted.
Larvicidal Activities of Merremia dissecta (Jacquin) Hallier f. and Peltrophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex k. Heyne Leaves against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Sabareeshwari G. , Jagathiskumar S. , Sowmiya D. , Preesha K. , Saranya M. , Mohanraj R. S.
Published: December 2022

Aim: Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika. The burden of these diseases is typically highest in tropical and subtropical areas, affecting the most impoverished populations. This laboratory study accessed the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of ethanol, methanol, acetone leaf extracts of Merremia dissecta and Peltrophorum pterocarpum against the Ae. aegypti.

Study Design: Conventional bioassay.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Coimbatore – 641018, Tamil Nadu, India, between July 2021 July 2022.

Methodology: Larvae and pupae were exposed to various concentrations of plant leaf extracts for 24 hrs. at the laboratory. The probit analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results: Results revealed that the plant extracts recorded the highest larval mortality at 0.421% and 0.634% ethanol, acetone leaf extracts of M. dissecta; 0.713%. and 0.621% methanol and ethanol leaf extract of P. pterocarpum against fourth instar of Ae. aegypti after 24 hrs.

Conclusion: The results suggest that this plant extracts can be used as an good larvicidal and pupicide against the dengue and zika virus vector Ae. aegypti.
Eco-friendly Management of Brinjal Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) by Some Biorational Approaches
Authors: Akter Sonia , Rahman M. M. , Hossain M. S. , Hossain Md. Emam
Published: December 2022

Aims: In order to assess the efficacy of several biorational techniques against brinjal mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch.

Study Design: The study used a single component Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the central farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2021 to February 2022.

Methodology: The experiment consisted of seven treatments and was laid in a single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments viz. T1= Spinomax (0.4ml/L of water); T2= Neem Oil (5ml/L of water); T3= Biomax (1.2ml/L of water); T4= Ripcord (1ml/L of water); T5= Trichoderma sp. (200mg/L of water); T6= Mehogany Leaf Extract (200mg/L of water); T7= Absolute (Control).

Results: Data on different parameters were collected for assessing results for this experiment. In case of experiment with different biorational control tactics, treatments showed varied response for mite pests. Trichoderma sp. (T5) showed best result which was then followed by Neem oil (T2) against mite pests infesting brinjal field. The results showed that in case of total number of fruit set, % healthy fruit was higher with the treatment of Trichoderma sp.

Conclusion: In most cases, except control treatment, ripcord showed the worst results against mite pests. So, Trichoderma sp. @200 mg/L of water may be used for the eco-friendly management of brinjal mite.
Assessment of the Performance of High Yielding Blackgram Varieties in Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sangeetha M. , Indhumathi K. , Shanmugam P. S. , Ayyadurai P.
Published: December 2022

An on farm trial was conducted to study the performance of improved blackgram varieties under rainfed condition of Dharmapuri district. The trial was conducted in five farmers’ holdings spread over in palacode and morappur blocks. The varieties included in the study were VBN 8, TBG 104 and VBN 5.The crop was raised and maintained by following the recommended package of practices. Results of the study revealed that the variety TBG 104 recorded higher grain yield of 8.22 q/ha, it was followed by VBN 8 (7.78 q/ha) and lower in farmers practice i.e., VBN 5 (6.90 q/ha). Per cent incidence of yellow mosaic virus disease was lower in TBG 104 (2.67) and higher in farmers practice (15.3). The highest net return (Rs. 21870/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.14) were realized with TBG 104 and the lowest net return (Rs. 16990/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.97) were realized with farmers practice i.e., VBN 5. Hence, it is concluded from the present study that the blackgram variety TBG 104 can be recommended for cultivation in large scale in Dharmapuri district for realizing higher yield and income by farming community.
Interaction Effect of Phosphorous and Zinc on Yield Attributes, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Chickpea under the Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Kumar Ravindra , Pandey Alok Kumar , Yadav Ankit , Singh Veerendra , Sachan Ravindra , Tiwari Tapasya
Published: December 2022

The present field experiments were conducted on studies effect of phosphorus and zinc on yield and quality parameters of chickpeas taken up at Student's Instructional Farm, at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, (U.P.) India, during the rabi season 2021-22. The experiment consists of 16 treatment combinations in a factorial randomized block design with three replications consisting of a different combination of phosphorus and zinc. Chickpea variety RVG-203 was grown with the recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of results emanating from the investigation, it can be concluded that among the yield components and productivity parameters maximum values in relation to the number of pods plant-1 (61.26), number of grains pod-1 (1.73), 100 grain wt. (20.20 gm), grain yield (18.85 q ha-1), straw yield (23.35 q ha-1), biological yield (42.20 q ha-1), harvest index (44.67 %) and protein content in grain (20.93%) were found in the treatment T15 [P90Zn6]. Corresponding minimum values in relation to number of pods plant-1 (45.00), number of grains pod-1 (1.20), 100 grain wt. (16.96 gm), grain yield (12.25 q ha-1), straw yield (17.16 q ha-1), biological yield (29.41 q ha-1), harvest index (41.65%) and protein content in grain (19.56%) were associated with the treatment T1 [P0Zn0].
Effect of Increasing Levels of Statin (Atorvastatin) on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Sokoto Red Goats
Authors: Maigandi S. A. , Garba S. , Muhammad N. , Jibir M. , Danmaigoro A. , Aljameel K. M.
Published: December 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of statin on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Sokoto Red goats. Sixteen castrated goats aged 8-9 months old with initial live weight of 29.8±3.0 kg were assigned to four treatments replicated three times. The experiment lasted for a period of 3 month. Treatment 1 was the control (0 mg statin /kg bodyweight) while T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with statin at 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 mg statin /kg bodyweight, respectively. The result revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) on carcass characteristics. However, meat quality parameters (pH, cook loss, drip loss and cholesterol contents) except colour differed significantly (P<0.05). Supplementation of statin resulted in meat with high water holding capacity while pH values increases with increase in the level of statin. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of statin at 4.5 mg/kg bodyweight could be a viable feeding approach to produce meat with high water holding capacity and lower cholesterol content. However, the pH values being at higher side could produce dark firm and firm (DFD) meat. Additional study is recommended to investigate myotoxicity effect of statin in order to safeguard consumers against myopathy associated with statin intake in humans.
Nutrition-therapy in the Management of Infertility
Authors: Oladejo A. A. , Abah C. R. , Anarado C. S.
Published: December 2022

Apart from aging, smoking, consumption of caffeine and alcohol, stress, agonist sports, chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, and other nutritional habits which are most often non-modifiable have detrimental effect on both man and woman’s fertility. Specifically, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia usually associated with the intake of excess calorie have been reported to have direct and indirect effect on fertility by causing damage to the health and differentiation of oocyte/spermatocyte and interference with the pituitary-hypothalamic axis respectively, which consequently lead to dysfunctional oogenesis/spermatogenesis. Obese women have lower insulin sensitivity, resulting in prolonged hyperinsulinemia, which may play a role in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Thus, reduction in insulin secretion which could be brought about by dietary adjustments remain an effective non-pharmacological treatment to prevent infertility, and a Mediterranean diet aimed at maintaining normal body mass could be effective in promoting ovarian health and physiology. since oxidative stress have been implicated in defective oocyte/spermatocyte maturation, a proper intake of antioxidants and methyl-donor supplements (1-Carbon Cycle) may decline the toxic oxidants bioavailability and this could ultimately promote the maturation of the oocyte and the spermatocyte.
Assessment of Nurse’s Knowledge Regarding Postoperative Renal Surgery Complication in El Gazira Hospital for Renal Surgery and Disease
Authors: Muhamad Lutfi Edress Abdu , Abdallah Higazi Mohammed Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Background: Nurses play an important role in post operative patient care, including close observation, problem assessment, and complication monitoring.

Aim: This study was aimed to assess nurses Knowledge regarding postoperative renal surgery complication.

Methods: This is a descriptive hospital-based study, conducted in the Kidney Center at El-Jazira Hospital during the period from October 2016 to April 2019. The study was involved 35 staff nurses as total coverage. Self-administrated questionnaire was used to interview the study population. The nurse’s knowledge was assessed by using scoring system in which the data was distributed into three categories to measure the level of nurse’s knowledge about Post Renal Complication (PRC), if the nurse respond to (4, 3) choice it was consider as good knowledge, (2) choice consider as fair knowledge, while (1, 0) choice was consider as poor knowledge. Each nurse was given one week to fill the questionnaire and return it. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 21) and presented in forms of tables and figures.

Results: The questionnaire was completed by all involved nurses. The overall knowledge of post-enal surgical complications is 90.01 %. More than 91.4 % are well-versed in the various types of kidney rejection. The majority of nurses have good knowledge about the nursing role in postoperative renal transplantation. More than 94.3 % of nurses have good knowledge about home nursing for renal transplant patients. More than 94.4 % of Nurses have good knowledgeable about post-operative renal stone nursing. The knowledge of the involved nurses about prostate surgery was ranged 94.3% to 100% and about radical nephrectomy was 85.7% to 100%. Nurse’s knowledge about partial nephrectomy surgery is ranged from 80.0% to 100%.

Conclusions: The study concluded that there was adequate knowledge of nurse’s staff regarding postoperative care for patients with postoperative renal surgery complications.
Histopathological Characteristics of Breast Lesions in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria: A 9-year Review
Authors: Ayo-Aderibigbe Olabisi , Oloyede Taiwo , Adekunle Adebayo , Odujoko Oluwole , Babatunde Taiwo , Ojedokun Samson , Salawu Afolabi
Published: December 2022

Background: The breast is affected by several diseases, including developmental, inflammatory, and neoplastic. While benign breast neoplasms are usually more common, breast cancer is the most common nonskin cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women after lung cancer in the world.

Objective: The review aimed to assess the histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions over a period of 9years

Methods: This was a retrospective review of eight hundred and fourteen histopathologic cases of breast lesions accessed through laboratory records of all breast lesions cases seen. The demographic data were obtained and the patient’s histology slides were reviewed. The tumors were classified according to the WHO International Classification of breast tumors and Malignant breast tumors were graded according to the Nottingham grading system. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results: The majority of breast cancer cases were seen in patients below 40 years, malignant cases were predominant in older age groups (40 – 59 years; 57.4%, 60 years and above; 23.3%) and malignancy was significantly associated with age group, p-value < 0.05. The prevailing neoplasm was Benign type (68.3%) while malignant neoplasm accounted for 30.2% and invasive ductal carcinoma (89.1%) was most prevalent. Moreso, the majority were in grade 2; 152 (76.8%) using the Nottigham grading system. However, the commonest benign neoplasm was fibroadenoma (53.7%) followed by fibrocystic change (20.1%).

Conclusion:  Breast lesions are common in this environment.  Benign breast neoplasms are more commoner than malignant diseases.  One in three of every sub-Saharan woman diagnosed with malignant breast lesion may not survive five years post-diagnosis. The prognosis of breast malignancies in sub-Saharan is poor due to late Presentation, ignorance, and poverty.
Characterization and Identification of Bacteria Present in the Bath Towels of Female Students in Rivers State University Hostels
Authors: Ugboma C. J. , Otamiri H. C.
Published: December 2022

Bath towels are an important part of our everyday life, but they often amass a large number of micro-organisms which may sometimes be harmful to us. For the study a total of 10 samples plus a control were collected from bath towels of female students in NDDC hostel, post-graduate hostel and control from Mile 3 market respectively between November 2021 to February 2022. Standard methods were employed for the sampling and determination of microbiological characteristics. Identification of bacteria was carried out using colonial, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Statistical analysis were performed using the T-test method and sensitivity was carried out on the isolates to detect pathogenicity. Range of microbial counts of NDDC hostel were: Total heterotrophic bacteria 2.0 x 104 cfu/ml to 3.17 x 104 cfu/ml, Total coliform count 0.48 x 104 cfu/ml to 2.99 x 104 cfu/ml in the first sampling. Post graduate hostel ranged from: Total heterotrophic bacteria 1.48 x 104 cfu/ml to 0.18 x 104 cfu/ml in the first sampling. For the second sampling, NDDC hostel microbial count ranged from 0.73 x 104 cfu/l to 1.15 x 104 cfu/ml in the total heterotrophic bacteria, and 0.31 x 104 cfu/ml to 0.13 x 104 cfu/ml for total coliform count. Post graduate hostel ranged from 0.27 x 104 cfu/ml to 0.93 x 104 cfu/ml for total heterotrophic bacteria and 0.22 x 104 cfu/ml to 0.18 x 104 cfu/ml for total coliform count. The control microbial count for total heterotrophic bacteria were 0.12 x 104 and 0.16 x 104 cfu/ml for the first and second sampling respectively and for the total coliform count, 0.18 x 104 cfu/ml and 0.17 x 104 cfu/ml for the first and second sampling respectively. Statistical analysis using student’s T-test was carried out. The mean test values for total heterotrophic bacteria in the first and second samplings were 2.2750E2 and 57.4000 in NDDC hostel and 1.5060E2 and 66.8000 in post graduate hostel. The mean values for total coliform count for the first and second samplings were 1.6220E2 and 24.5000 in NDDC hostel and 99.8000 and 26.9000 in Post graduate hostel. The test revealed that there was no significant difference in the bacterial load of NDDC hostel and Post graduate hostel from the two samplings. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test carried out, results showed that Ciproflox, Reflacine and Tarrivid were most effective against the isolates, whileth the isolates mostly showed resistance against Amplicox, Amoxil and Azithromycin. The bacteria species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella spp, Bacillus spp. The study demonstrated that significant numbers of E.coli, and staphylococcus as well as other microbes occur in bath towels.
REPRESENTATION OF SINGLE FATHER IMAGE IN MCDONALD’S: STILL MY LITTLE GIRL ADVERTISEMENT
Authors: Santoso Cindy Fransisca
Published: December 2022

Many advertisements employ gender stereotypes to attract people nowadays. If advertisers continue to employ and display a specific gender in their advertisements, it might lead to gender bias. Through verbal and visual expressions in McDonald's: Still My Little Girl advertisement, this study seeks to discover a depiction of a single father, and he can replace the mother's role in the family. The writer uses semiotic theory and a qualitative approach to analyze the data. The findings indicate that a father who is portrayed as the main character can replace the role of a mother in performing household tasks and dealing with his daughter's sensitive situations.
The Portrayal of Antagonistic Mothers in One Piece, The Promised Neverland, and Diabolik Lovers
Authors: Permatasari Cerelia , Mochtar Jenny
Published: December 2022

Unconventional characters have always piqued people’s interests, and that includes characters in anime. Mother is a role that is so familiar in the society, with certain characteristics expected of them. Certain mothers in anime acts differently than what is usually expected of them as mothers. This study is conducted to analyse the portrayal of the three antagonists in Japanese anime series One Piece, The Promised Neverland, and Diabolik Lovers respectively: Charlotte Linlin, Isabella, and Sakamaki Cordelia that can be considered unmotherly. The study is done using theories regarding good and bad mothers provided by A. E. Kaplan (1992), Huppartz and Goodwin (n.d.), and H. L. Hadley (2018). The analysis shows how the three mothers deviated from their role as a nurturing mother, showing actions that proved the three mothers to be destructive towards their children. The writer concludes that the three mothers show how mothers are people capable of emotions other than gentleness and care, they are capable of malice and hate, calculating and cruel as well be it biological mothers or foster mothers.
Question Types and Questioning Tactics Used by Bright English Teacher during English Online Class
Authors: Wijaya Wijaya , Wijaya Henny Putri Saking
Published: December 2022

This study was conducted to determine what question types and questioning tactics the Bright English language teacher used in English online classes. In this study, the writers used Wragg and Brown’s (2001) theory of three question types and seven questioning tactics to analyze the data. This study was done using a qualitative approach. The findings showed that the teacher asked conceptual and empirical questions to students in online meetings. When asking questions, the teacher employed five questioning tactics: pausing and pacing, directing and distributing, listening to replies and responding, prompting and probing, and sequencing questions. In conclusion, the teacher's question types and questioning tactics were affected by the lesson’s topic and the class situation. For further research, the writers suggested that two or more learning groups with students from different grades could be analyzed in onsite and online learning environments.
Lim Ju Gyeong’s Social Masks in True Beauty
Authors: Devina Stephanie , Mochtar Jenny
Published: December 2022

The use of social masks can help a person to meet certain societal standards. In True Beauty, the main character, Lim Ju Gyeog uses cosmetics and fashion as her social masks to fulfill Korean beauty and fashion standards. By achieving the standards, Ju Gyeong is being socially accepted and admired. Ju Gyeong’s social masks take the roles as her self-protection against her fear and to boost her self-esteem to value her worth.Ju Gyeong is considered to be beautiful and fashionable because she is able to meet the societal standards of beauty and fashion. The meaning of beauty and fashionable are fluids that can be different from one place to the other. The use of social masks brings impact to a wearer’s life.
The Analysis of Visual and Verbal Expressions of FIJI Water Sports Cap Posters
Authors: Jonathan Kevin , Suprajitno Setefanus
Published: December 2022

Advertisement is made to persuade consumers to purchase a certain product. To have a successful persuasion, advertisers must pay attention to the major components of the advertisement, like verbal and visual expressions. In this paper, we analyze the messages that FIJI Water Sports Cap wants to convey in its posters, and how they are supported by the use of verbal and visual expressions. To reveal the meaning of the posters, we use Chandler’s theory of process of signification and the supporting theory of metaphor. Our findings show that the messages in FIJI Water Sports Cap posters are related to its naturalness and the benefit of consuming it. The messages are produced in the second level of process of signification or the connotation level. The findings also reveal how visual elements of the posters support the messages that FIJI Water Sports Cap wants to convey.
Verbal, Visual, and Gestural Expressions of Social Criticism for Anti-Social Behavior of Indonesian People in an A Mild Video Commercial
Authors: Mulyanto John Calvin
Published: December 2022

Video commercials are an essential tool in advertising nowadays. Many Products right now use video commercials as their main tool to advertise their product; cigarettes are not an exception. However, since they cannot display the products in the commercials due to the rules in Indonesia, cigarette companies use creative methods to advertise their product. Instead, the companies use verbal, visual and gestural expressions to deliver the messages of what the companies want to say. In this thesis, I aim to discover how social criticism of the anti-social behavior of Indonesian people is portrayed through verbal, visual and gestural expressions in A mild video commercials. I used Multimodal Discourse Analysis, social criticism, and anti-social behavior theory to help analyze the data. Next, I analyze each piece of data in accordance with each mode and connect it with the social criticism message. Based on my analysis, I found out that the message of the social criticism in the video commercials can be seen through the linguistic mode, visual mode, and gestural mode. In conclusion, using social criticism in video commercials is an effective way for companies to give messages to viewers.
Swear Words Used by The Mobile Legends Game Players
Authors: Fandi Joshua , Mardijono Josefa Juniarti
Published: December 2022

This study is done to analyze the types and functions of swear words used by the Mobile Legends players, and the types of swear words appearing in each function. This Sociolinguistic study is conducted applying the theory of Holmes (2013).  supported by the theories of Montagu (2001) on swear words, Wijana and Rohmadi (2007) for the types of swear words, and (Ljung, 2011) for functions of swear words. Moreover, this study was done by using the qualitative participative method, utilizing the transcribed data that was used in the analysis. The findings revealed that the Mobile Legends players  used six (6) types of swear words: activity, animal, circumstance, part of body, profession, thing. In term of functions, there were eleven (11) functions of swear words: 1)anaphoric use of epithet, 2]expressing high degree of meaning: adjective intensifier, 3)indicating that the speaker dislikes: disliked adjective, 4)giving emphasis on adjective or adverb, 5)interjection: anger, 6)interjection: surprise, 7)interjection: pain, 8)interjection: even joy,  9)interjection: disappointment, 10)interjection: incredulity, and 11)expressing speaker’s wish in order to harm: informal cursing. In addition, there were different types of swear words found in each function.  To conclude, analyzing swear word types, functions, and the relation between types in each function contribute some understanding about the swear words used during the  Mobile Legends game situation.
Dehumanization in Attack On Titan
Authors: Halim Vanessa Cicilia , Suprajitno Setefanus
Published: December 2022

Manga is a Japanese comic that has its own genres, one of the most famous is shōnen. Attack on Titan is one of the most popular shōnen manga in the world, with a science fiction theme. Through this study, we want to analyze the dehumanization in the manga series by Hajime Isayama. We want to find out what forms of dehumanization occur and the reasons why the dehumanization happens to the victims, the Eldians. We use the theory of animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization to identify the forms of dehumanization in the manga. In addition, we also use the theory that state power increases dehumanization to find out the reasons that dehumanization happens. Based on our analysis results, victims treated like animals do not have human rights, are considered low class, and get persecuted. Victims treated like objects are considered "tools" to achieve goals, something that can be exchanged or destroyed, and ignores the victim's feelings. Meanwhile, the Eldians get dehumanized because they feel powerless and are considered a potential threat by the dehumanizers. It shows that dehumanization is a negative phenomenon that occurs due to differences.
Sexualized Depictions of AKB48 Girls in Their Summer Music Videos
Authors: Chandra Jennifer Andriany , Mochtar Jenny
Published: December 2022

A pop idol group in Japan, AKB48, has female members capable of attracting the opposite sex into their fans. In this study, I will analyze the depictions of women portrayed in AKB48’s five summer music videos. To reach the objective of my analysis, I will use the theory of male gaze, specifically on the way the members are depicted in the videos. From my analysis, I discovered that through the perspective of male gaze, the idols are depicted as alluring, seductive, and playful. It can be assumed that the portrayal might be a strategy used to hoist their popularity over the other girl groups in Japan. Therefore, the sexualized depiction of the idols is actually proven to be successful in making the group popular.