bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust and Reconfigurable Waveguide Design in Valley-Topological Phononic Crystals
Authors: Ali Md. Shuzon , Hata Yusuke , Kataoka Motoki , Misawa Masaaki , Tsuruta Kenji
Published: December 2023

As an analogy of topological insulators and superconductors, “topological phononics”, which applies the concept of band topology to acoustic dispersion, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. We present design of topological acoustic/elastic waveguides in phononic crystals. Topological waveguides are designed from the phonon dispersion analyses by finding edge modes appearing at interfaces between phononic crystals with different band topologies. As a prototype model, we first designed the topological waveguides in kHz regimes. Experimental validation of the designed waveguide has been performed in the frequency region via laser-doppler measurements. The robustness of the waveguide propagation against defects, corners, and structural inaccuracy in the waveguide has been quantitatively evaluated. We also introduced a structural transition of local symmetry inversion in the phononic crystal to implement a reconfigurability into the waveguide .Further development toward GHz regime will pave the way to the development of next-generation information devices using the proposed structures as an alternative or complimentary approach.
Assessment of Powder Solidification Structures in Tool Steels Using State-of-the-Art Microstructural Characterization Techniques
Authors: Benito Santiago , Weber Sebastian
Published: December 2023

The observation, description, and ultimate prediction of causal connections between processing and resulting macroscopic properties stand at the heart of Materials Science and Engineering. To that end, the microstructure is the subject of intense examination, as it is ultimately responsible for the observed emergent behavior. As a result, many of the scientific or technical questions that we strive to answer boil down to quantitatively studying the—sometimes subtle—effects of processing on the microstructure in terms of known or hypothesized thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena. This statement is naturally also true in the case of hot isostatically pressed powder metallurgy tool steels. In the 50 years since the process' popularization, many parameters have been identified as relevant to microstructure formation during consolidation. Among these process variables, the powder solidification structure distribution is probably the last to join the list. Dendritic solidification during the atomization of relatively massive particles produces slightly elongated carbides. On the other hand, cellular solidification in smaller powder particles is responsible for smaller and more angular carbides. Characterizing powder solidification structure as a function of particle size presents two main challenges: First, the assessment relies on examining cross-sections of the powder particles, which are most likely non-diametric. And, second, the manual identification exercise is tedious and highly subjective. In this work, we show how we achieve fast and reliable powder structure solidification distributions using deep learning combined with state-of-the-art stereology reconstruction techniques.
Proper Material Tracking for a Continuous Aluminum Production Process
Authors: Haidenthaler Alexander , Pfeiffer Patrick , Schreyer Manuela , Schiestl Kathrin
Published: December 2023

Compared to discrete manufacturing, sheet material is produced in a continuous manufacturing process with several dimension and volume changes. This includes thickness reduction by rolling and width and length changes by slitting and cross-cutting. Along the process chain, this happens several times using different manufacturing facilities, where each work step is usually followed by coiling. Each of these machines records high-frequent production data in a time-based manner. General research topics in this field [1, 2] aim to assign the time-based records to the related section of the alloy sheet (length-based). This paper deals with challenges concerning the identification of strips and the assignment of the corresponding process data. In a particular application, the coil orientation for each process step is calculated and documented for a given part of the production process. This is a necessary precondition for further process data assignment. Furthermore, the effort for certain manual tasks can be reduced by using the calculated coil orientation.
A Study on Inclusion Characterisation of Steel Using a Novel Inclusion Characterisation Tool
Authors: Tervo Henri , Seppälä Oskari , Alatarvas Tuomas , Hannula Jaakko , Pallaspuro Sakari , Kömi Jukka I.
Published: December 2023

The role of non-metallic inclusions is gaining increasing attention in steel research. Various inclusion characterisation techniques and methods are utilised in order to obtain reliable and accurate results. Automatic inclusion measurements carried out using field-emission scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy produces a large amount of data about detected inclusions in the scanned area. The data obtained must be processed and analysed in one way or another, for example, to classify the inclusions or construct size distributions. Until now, a Matlab script has been used to determine the phase composition of inclusions, and to classify them accordingly. The Matlab script has acted as the basis for the recently developed Karakterizer tool, written in Python. In addition to less restricted use, the recent advances include a graphical user interface. This paper demonstrates the use of Karakterizer tool in characterising inclusions with examples of direct-quenched martensitic steels with a yield strength of 1000 MPa.
Effect of Hot-Pressing Pressure on the Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Copper/Ti-Coated Diamond Composites
Authors: Ma Jing Nan , Torrens Rob , Bolzoni Leandro , Yang Fei
Published: December 2023

Copper/diamond composites show promise as potential thermal management materials for electronic devices due to their excellent thermophysical properties. In this study, copper/55vol%Ti-coated diamond composites were fabricated by hot pressing at 800oC and varying pressures of 300MPa, 400MPa, 500MPa, and 685MPa. The results illustrated that the thermal conductivity of the copper/Ti-coated diamond composites initially increased and then decreased as the pressing pressure increased. Among these hot-pressed composites, the composite hot-pressed at 500MPa exhibits the highest thermal conductivity of 466W/mK. This is attributed to the uniform diamond distribution, highly covered TiC interface on the diamond, and the strong interfacial bonding between the copper and the diamond. Hot pressing is a feasible alternative to fabricate copper/diamond composites with high relative density and high thermal conductivity, the pressing pressure plays a vital role in the microstructure and the final properties of the copper/Ti-coated diamond composites.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with co-occurrence of syringo-hydromyelia
Authors: Samarasekara S. M. A. S. M. , Jayawardena A. J. , Rathnayaka P. D. , Weerasinghe Chathuri , Udayanga P D P , Dissanayake S K V P
Published: December 2023

No abstract available
Methylmalonic acidaemia with hypocalcaemia in a newborn
Authors: Bhandekar Heena Sudhir , Arora Ishani , Ingole Smruti , Lakra Ashwini
Published: December 2023

No abstract available
Neonate of Jehovah witness parents
Authors: Kallesh Anil , Kumar Vikram Sakleshpur , Dhananjaya S. R. , Gowda Shivaraj
Published: December 2023

No absteact available
Retrospective study on endoscopic findings of gastritis in children attending the gastrointestinal tract endoscopic unit of Assiut University Children Hospital over a 15-year-period
Authors: Abu Faddan Naglaa  Hassan , Reyad Hamada Mohamed , Shalaby Amira M.
Published: December 2023

Background: Children with gastritis typically exhibit recurrent stomach pain and dyspepsia or vomiting.Objectives: To assess the frequency, clinical manifestations, endoscopic pictures, aetiology and outcome of gastritis in children who visited the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) endoscopic unit of Assiut University Children Hospital.Method: This was a retrospective, crosssectional study conducted at Assiut University Children Hospital GIT Endoscopic Unit from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2019.Results: Upper GI endoscopy, done in all cases, showed that 66 (8.1%) had erythematous gastric mucosa, 106 (13%) had nodular gastric mucosa, 212 (25.9%) had erythematous gastric mucosa and hyperaemia, 147 (18%) had erythematous gastric mucosa and nodularity, 156 (19.1%) had hyperaemic mucosa and petechiae, 77 (9.5%) had hyperaemic mucosa and erosion, and 53 (6.5%) had multiple erosions and ulcers.Conclusions: Gastritis represented 9.4% of children who underwent upper GI endoscopy. Helicobacter pylori was the commonest cause with high recurrence. Patients presented with recurrent GI bleeding, and those with erythematous hyperaemic mucosa on endoscopy showed recurrence compared to their counterparts.
Liver dysfunction in children with scrub typhus: association with severity of illness and outcome
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Manda Sai Sowmya , Shashidhara Sowmya , Kini Pushpa , Aroor Shrikiran , Mundkur Suneel
Published: December 2023

Background: Liver dysfunction is a common finding in children with scrub typhus. Adult literature has found a significant association between the extent of liver dysfunction and severity of illness and outcome. However, very few studies are available on children.Objectives: To study the extent of liver dysfunction in children with scrub typhus and its association with severity of illness and outcome.Method: It was a retrospective descriptive study conducted on children diagnosed with scrub typhus admitted to a tertiary care centre in south India from January 2016 to December 2020. Children from 1 month to 18 years of age were included. Demographic data, clinical details, laboratory parameters, course of illness and outcome data were collected and analysed. Results: Study population included 143 cases of scrub typhus. Mean age of the study population was 8.4 ± 4.4 years with a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. Fever was present in 100%, myalgia in 54.5%, decreased appetite in 54.5%, jaundice in 8.4% and hepatomegaly in 71.3% of children. Abnormal liver function tests were present in 75.5% children. Elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) was seen in 75.5%, elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) in   67.1%, hypoalbuminaemia in 47.5% and severe hypoalbuminaemia (<2.5g/dL) in 29.4%. Complications included meningitis (13.3%), shock (7.6%), meningoencephalitis (2.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2%). There were 2 (1.3%) deaths. Children with complications had higher AST (p <0.01), ALT (p = 0.018), low serum albumin (p<0.001) and prolonged international normalised ratio (INR) (p =0.003).Conclusions: Abnormal liver function tests were present in 75.5% of children with scrub typhus. Children with complications of scrub typhus had significantly higher median AST levels, ALT levels, low serum albumin levels and prolonged INR compared to children with no complications
Slow verses rapid advancement of enteral feed in preterm neonates of 28-34 weeks of gestational age with abnormal antenatal umbilical artery Doppler: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kasula Lingareddy , Kotha Rakesh , Madireddy Alimelu
Published: December 2023

Background: Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is the commonest and most serious gastrointestinal neonatal emergency. In preterm infants with evidence of abnormal Doppler flow velocities in the fetal umbilical artery, suboptimal intestinal perfusion is postulated to increase the risk of feed intolerance and NEC.Objectives: To compare the effect of slow versus rapid enteral feeding in preterm neonates with abnormal antenatal umbilical artery Doppler.Method: This is a randomised controlled trial; we randomised into a slow and a fast group; we randomised separately into subcategories based on the weight. Sample size was calculated as 82. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. For group comparisons of categorical data, Chi-squared test was used. If expected frequency in the contingency tables was <5 for more than 25% cells, Fisher’s exact test was used. For non-parametric continuous data Mann-Whitney test was applied. Statistical significance was kept at p<0.05 and power at 80%.Results: In neonates with slow and rapid feeding with birth weight <1250g, percentage of 2b (30% and 26.7% respectively) was more compared to other stages, whereas in group with birth weight ≥1250g rapid feeding group Ia (14.3%) was more in slow feeding group and 1a and 2a equal in rapid feeding group with no statistical significance. The mean duration of stay hospital was less in rapid feeding group in both birth strata. The sepsis percentage was more in the slow feeding group. Regarding mortality in both groups, there was no statistical difference.Conclusions: In this study the type of feeding did not affect NEC or feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Rapid feeding had a significant impact on sepsis and length of stay in preterm infants.
Management of Vishada (depression) through Trividha chikitsa : A case report
Authors: Varambally Vasavi , Savitha H. P. , Shankar M. Vinay
Published: December 2023

Depression has become a common psychiatric ailment affecting the middle-aged predominantly females due to lifestyle preferences and various psychosocial influences. Although there are ample medicaments available in conventional medical science, they come with a wide range of adverse effects. A comprehensive approach with different modalities of treatment and approaches collectively can help manage the signs and symptoms as well as social adaptation better. A 46-year-old single mother with complaints of overthinking, negative thoughts, panic attacks, excessive sweating, crying spells, guilt, self-blame, low self-confidence, disinterest in day-to-day activities, and generalized body pain, who was diagnosed with depression by a psychiatrist was managed by adopting Trividha chikitsa [Yukti vyapashraya (∼logical management rational internal and external treatments), Satvavajaya (∼counseling and psychotherapy), and Daivavyapashraya (∼spiritual/faith-based therapy)]. By the end of the treatment, improvement was seen both on subjective and objective parameters. She was cheerful and actively involved in day-to-day activities after the treatment. The Hamilton depression scale score was reduced to 9 from 25, and the pre-existing allopathic medications were gradually tapered after treatment and during subsequent follow-ups. The present case report is suggestive that a collective approach through Ayurveda addressing physical, psychological, and social concerns can give better and long-standing remission in depression.
The Efficiency of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma in Pediatric Patients with Blunt Torso Trauma
Authors: Inci Ozlem , Altuncı Yusuf Ali , Can Ozge , Akarca Funda Karbek , Ersel Murat
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) has attracted attention for its use in the detection of intra-abdominal pathology for pediatric patients. However, computed tomography (CT) remains the gold standard for the assessment of blunt torso trauma. The study examines the effectiveness of FAST both in the detection of intra-abdominal pathology in pediatric patients (<19 years) with blunt torso trauma and in the determination of the need for CT for further examination.

Methods:

The study was designed as a retrospective observational investigation of diagnostic value. The pediatric patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department with blunt torso trauma between January 2013 and October 2016 were included in the study. The sample of the study comprised 255 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of FAST in the detection of intra-abdominal pathology and the determination of the need for CT. The secondary outcome was to identify the agreement between CT and FAST for intra-abdominal injuries. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparisons. A logistic regression model was developed to determine the variables that independently affect the agreement between FAST and CT.

Results:

FAST was determined to have low sensitivity (20.3%) despite its high specificity (87%). However; FAST had a good negative likelihood ratio. There was a poor agreement between CT and FAST in terms of the presence of both intra-abdominal and intrathoracic injuries in pediatric patients with blunt trunk trauma. The error rate of FAST increased by five-fold, especially in the presence of concomitant thorax trauma. However, FAST had a good negative likelihood ratio.

Conclusion:

FAST should not be regarded as an equivalent tool to CT for pediatric patients with blunt torso trauma. It is, instead, a noteworthy complementary tool that is a negative predictor.
Influence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Bystander-victim Relationship on the Willingness of Laypeople and Health-care Providers to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Boonmak Suhattaya , Mitsungnern Thapanawong , Boonmak Pimmada , Boonmak Polpun
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) reduces mortality from out.of.hospital cardiac arrest. The willingness to perform CPR (W-CPR) is also critical. Uncertain effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on W-CPR were reported. Our objectives aim to examine W-CPR during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the influence of the bystander-victim relationship, bystander characteristics, and CPR background on the W-CPR of laypeople and healthcare providers (HCPs).

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between August 2020 and November 2020 among Thai laypeople and HCPs. A structured questionnaire was given to volunteers as an online survey. We recorded W-Conventional CPR (W-C-CPR), W-Compression.only CPR (W-CO-CPR), chest compression, automated external defibrillator (AED), mouth.to.mouth, face shield, and pocket mask ventilation on family members (FMs), acquaintances, and strangers during the study (pandemic) and in nonpandemic situation and analyzed.

Results:

We included 419 laypeople and 716 HCPs. During the pandemic, laypeople expressed less willingness in all interventions (P < 0.05) except W-CO-CPR in FMs and AED in FMs and acquaintances. HCPs were less willing to any interventions (P < 0.05). Laypeople showed comparable W-C-CPR and W-CO-CPR between FMs and acquaintances but less among strangers (P < 0.05). HCPs' W-CPR differed significantly depending on their relationship (P < 0.05), except W-CO-CPR between FMs and acquaintances. CPR self.efficacy, single marital status, CPR experience, and HCPs reported higher W-CO-CPR in FMs.

Conclusion:

Participants were less W-CPR during the COVID-19 pandemic on all recipients (laypeople: 2.8%–21.0%, HCPs: 7.6%–31.2%), except for laypeople with FMs. The recipient's relationship was more critical in W-C-CPR than in W-CO-CPR, especially in HCPs.
The feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging scans for endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Landsberg R , Luckman J , Yakirevitch A , Margulis A , Masalha M , Masarwa M , Schneider S
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that an adjusted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol could be used as an alternative for assessing most bony paranasal and vital structures. Here, we aimed to determine the feasibility of using this protocol during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS: Three experienced rhinologists used an adjusted MRI scan to plan and perform ESS. They were blinded to the CT images and observed them only postoperatively. They also completed a detailed questionnaire about their experience. RESULTS: Forty-three patients with CRS (60.5% with polyps and 39.5% without polyps) were included in the study. MRI navigation was used in 58.3% and 33.3% of surgeries performed by surgeon #1 and #2, respectively. The median Lund-Mackay score was 12 (interquartile range 2-24). None of the surgeons switched entirely to using CT scans during the procedure; No intra or postoperative complications were observed. Two surgeons reported that it was convenient to work with the MRI scans to visualize all nasal sinuses, but the third surgeon found MRI scans convenient for visualizing the frontal sinus. MRI convenience was considered superior to CT in 7 cases (16.3%), the same as CT in 29 cases (67.4%), and inferior to CT in 7 cases (16.3%). All three surgeons agreed that using MRI scans intraoperatively for ESS is safe and comparable to using CT scans. CONCLUSION: MRI is a well-suited modality for planning and performing ESS. Rhinologists would be able to rely on it in specific and highly selected indications.
Prevalence and tetracycline resistance profile of Salmonella typhi from local milk consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Mohammed I. , Lamiya Abdulhafiz , Hayatu Ibrahim A. , Zailani Hauwa A. , Ja’afar Ja’afar N. , Alfa Mahmud B.
Published: December 2023

Biological contamination of food by pathogens such as Salmonella typhi is mostly caused by poor personal and public hygiene which threatens public health with foodborne diseases. This study sought to determine the prevalence of S. typhi in local milk consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria and their tetracycline resistance profile. A total of one hundred and twenty-two milk samples were collected around the city from local milk vendors and packaged in sterile containers for analysis. Salmonella typhi was isolated from the milk samples on Salmonella Shigella agar and characterized using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Salmonella isolates were then tested for sensitivity against tetracycline using agar well diffusion method. Out of the 122 samples, only 3 (2.46%) were contaminated with S. typhi. Two out of the three 2 (67%) samples exhibited phenotypic resistance to tetracycline and only one (133%) was sensitive, implying low prevalence of S. typhi contamination. However, S. typhi is a pathogenic bacterium and its presence in food intended for human consumption is not expected. Also, the resistance exhibited by the bacteria to the most commonly used antibiotic is of public health concern.
Comparison of glutathione peroxidase-1 in free divers with their counterparts: A model study for sports informatics
Authors: ÇAVAŞ Levent , CİRELİ Elif , ATEŞ Osman
Published: December 2023

Free diving is a popular sport because of many features such as sustainability, eco-friendly and challenges to nature. Due to increased interest in recent years, the number of competitions is also increasing gradually. On the other hand, scientific reports on the understanding of longer breath-holding mechanisms and metabolisms are still unclear. To provide contributions on this phenomenon, glutathione peroxidase was selected as a model enzyme because of its critical importance in breath-holding. The enzymes from both human and free diving animals were compared by using bioinformatics tools such as ProtParam, Swiss-Model, Clustal Omega and the results are discussed in the present paper. In conclusion, the specific amino acid sequences can be considered in the selection of elite free divers for international competitions to get the best results. However, it should be noted that special training methods should also be applied to have better breath-holding capacities.
Contributions to the fauna of Geometridae in the north eastern provinces
Authors: KOYUNCU Mürşit Ömür , KÜTÜK Murat , YARAN Mehmet
Published: December 2023

This article is based on Geometridae species collected from Ardahan, Bayburt, Erzincan, Erzurum, Gumushane and Kars provinces in 2021. Geometridae species were collected using insect net and light traps. All collected samples were prepared and diagnosed in the laboratory. As a result, 4 subfamilies, 23 genera and 27 species were determined. Photos of all diagnosed species and material examined were presented. In addition, 7 from Ardahan, 8 from Bayburt, 5 from Erzincan, 5 from Erzurum, 8 from Gümüşhane and 3 from Kars were determined for the first time in this study Geometridae species.
Adaptation of internally displaced students to new learning environment through innovative methods of open teacher training in war perspectives
Authors: Boichenko Maryna , Hubina Oksana
Published: December 2023

The article investigates the impact of innovative open learning technologies on training future teachers, particularly those internally displaced in Ukraine due to the war with Russia. It explores the current conditions of these students and how to meet their educational needs through online learning. The successful adaptation of displaced students relies on government's social, legal, and academic support, highlighting the importance of online learning in war response. The methodology involved surveying 437 displaced students from Ukrainian higher education institutions, using various questionnaires. Data on inputs, outputs, and outcomes of online learning programs were collected and analyzed. Both benefits (continuous access to learning, flexibility, low economic cost, access to international programs) and risks (lack of socialization, insufficient technical support, resource imbalance) were assessed. The findings indicate that adaptation challenges are mainly linked to poor living conditions, stress, and changes in learning conditions and curriculum. The study concludes that open learning technologies facilitate the adaptation of displaced students, ensuring educational continuity and adherence to international standards.
Enhancing the professional competencies of future teachers through practice in schools
Authors: Ivannikova Olga , Marushko Larysa , Sokotov Yurii , Tkachenko Anna , Romanenko Tetiana
Published: December 2023

The article aims to explore the development of professional competencies in future teachers through school practice, focusing on its effectiveness. Employing methods such as observation, comparison, and performance coefficient calculations, along with the Whitney-Wilk criterion, the study achieved its objective. It found that practical skill acquisition during school practice is highly effective (42%), enhancing understanding of teaching methods. The authors propose four learning mechanisms to adapt theoretical materials to practical education systems and introduce innovative lesson organization approaches. Interactive technology use in education was facilitated through LearningApps.org, Mova, Mozaik applications, improving communication between learners and instructors. These mechanisms significantly boosted efficiency in future Ukrainian language teachers (64%) and Chemistry/Natural Science teachers (60%). The study results indicate that student skills in independence and innovative thinking were notably developed, impacting the teacher's ability to provide linguistic and communicative functions. This study's practical significance lies in its efficient mechanisms that aid future teachers in acquiring practical skills during school practice, reflected in the overall efficiency of trainees across junior, middle, and senior grades.
Competencias digitales en administrativos de un instituto politécnico Uso de TICCAD para la seguridad informática institucional
Authors: Edel Navarro Rubén , Pérez Castillo Nieves
Published: December 2023

Las conductas dirigidas a garantizar la seguridad informática forman parte del perfil de competencias profesionales indispensables en los empleados administrativos de las instituciones de educación superior (IES). La investigación planteó como objetivo identificar las competencias digitales de empleados administrativos para el uso seguro de las tecnologías de la información, comunicación, conocimiento y aprendizaje digitales (TICCAD) en un Instituto Politécnico de Santiago, República Dominicana. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con abordaje hermenéutico-dialéctico. Participaron 13 empleados administrativos seleccionados con muestreo teórico, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. La reducción de datos identificó las categorías emergentes: a) seguridad informática y buen uso de las tecnologías, b) penetración-hackeo de información, c) dificultades para usar tecnología y d) alfabetización digital. Los participantes poseen conocimientos básicos sobre seguridad informática y se identificó vulnerabilidad en el sistema de seguridad institucional que afecta los procesos administrativos y estimula prácticas administrativas inadecuadas. Existe un nivel moderado en competencias digitales y bajo conocimiento sobre herramientas para la ejecución de tareas administrativas, en contraste, un alto uso de redes sociales en horario laboral. Se concluye la necesidad de capacitar-entrenar en competencias digitales para instaurar comportamientos informáticos seguros y, por tanto, mayor efectividad en los procesos administrativos institucionales.
Voces más allá de las palabras. Aproximaciones al uso de la voz en dos obras acusmáticas de Ricardo de Armas
Authors: Molinari Leticia
Published: December 2023

La posibilidad de evocación que tiene la música o la voz sin el recurso de las palabras es un tema presente en las instancias de creación, interpretación y audición que interesa a teóricos como Abbate, Neubauer, Wishart y Smalley entre otros y a compositores de diferentes géneros. Corporalidad, formas de enunciación y expresividad vocal forman parte de un terreno propicio para ahondar en la ambigüedad y mutabilidad de la música, abstracciones que despiertan el imaginario del oyente y dan lugar al cruce de otras voces ya presentes en la composición. En Martirena 100dB (arte radiofónico) y De simulacros y exageraciones (música experimental) del compositor argentino Ricardo de Armas, encontramos elementos que nos permiten profundizar en la presencia de esas voces en el marco de la música acusmática.
Gadget-based Masking of Streamlined NTRU Prime Decapsulation in Hardware
Authors: Land Georg , Marotzke Adrian , Richter-Brockmann Jan , Güneysu Tim
Published: December 2023

Streamlined NTRU Prime is a lattice-based Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) that is, together with X25519, the default algorithm in OpenSSH 9. Based on lattice assumptions, it is assumed to be secure also against attackers with access to< large-scale quantum computers. While Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) schemes have been subject to extensive research in recent years, challenges remain with respect to protection mechanisms against attackers that have additional side-channel information, such as the power consumption of a device processing secret data. As a countermeasure to such attacks, masking has been shown to be a promising and effective approach. For public-key schemes, including any recent PQC schemes, usually, a mixture of Boolean and arithmetic techniques is applied on an algorithmic level. Our generic hardware implementation of Streamlined NTRU Prime decapsulation, however, follows an idea that until now was assumed to be solely applicable efficiently to symmetric cryptography: gadget-based masking. The hardware design is transformed into a secure implementation by replacing each gate with a composable secure gadget that operates on uniform random shares of secret values. In our work, we show the feasibility of applying this approach also to PQC schemes and present the first Public-Key Cryptography (PKC) – pre- and post-quantum – implementation masked with the gadget-based approach considering several trade-offs and design choices. By the nature of gadget-based masking, the implementation can be instantiated at arbitrary masking order. We synthesize our implementation both for Artix-7 Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and 45nm Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), yielding practically feasible results regarding the area, randomness requirement, and latency. We verify the side-channel security of our implementation using formal verification on the one hand, and practically using Test Vector Leakage Assessment (TVLA) on the other. Finally, we also analyze the applicability of our concept to Kyber and Dilithium, which will be standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
A Tale of Snakes and Horses: Amplifying Correlation Power Analysis on Quadratic Maps
Authors: Guinet Anna , Land Georg , Bucur Ioan Gabriel , Güneysu Tim
Published: December 2023

We study the success probabilities of two variants of Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) to retrieve multiple secret bits. The target is a permutation-based symmetric cryptographic construction with a quadratic map as an S-box. More precisely, we focus on the nonlinear mapping X used in the Xoodoo and Keccak-p permutations, which is affine equivalent to the nonlinear mapping of Ascon. We thus consider three-bit and five-bit S-boxes. Our leakage model is the difference in power consumption of register cells before and after one round. It reflects that, >in hardware, the aforesaid cryptographic algorithms are usually implemented by deploying a round-based architecture. The power consumption difference depends on whether the targeted bits in the register flip. In particular, we describe two attacks based on the CPA methodology. First, we start with a standard CPA approach, for which, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to point out the differences between attacking a three-bit and a five-bit S-box. For CPA, the highest correlation coefficient is the most likely secret hypothesis. We improve on this with our novel combined Correlation Power Analysis (combined CPA), or Snake attack, which uses quadratic map cryptanalysis (e.g., of the function X) to achieve a better attack in terms of the number of traces required and computational complexity. For the Snake attack, sums of absolute or squared values of correlation coefficients are used to determine the most likely guess. As a result, we effectively show that our proposed Snake attack can recover the secret in n22 (or n22+n) intermediate results, compared to 22n for the CPA, where n is the length of the targeted S-Box. We collected power measurements from a hardware setup to demonstrate practical attack success probabilities according to the rank of the correct secret hypothesis both for Xoodoo and Keccak-p. In addition, we explain our success probabilities thanks to the Henery model developed for horse races. In short, after performing 16,896 attacks, the Snake attack or combined CPA on Xoodoo consistently recovers the correct secret bits with each attack using 43,860 traces on average and with only 12 correlations, compared to 61,380 traces for the standard CPA attack with 64 correlations. The Snake attack requires about one-fifth as many correlation values as the standard CPA. For Keccak-p, the difference is more drastic: the Snake attack recovers the secret bits invariably after 771,600 traces with just 20 correlations. In contrast, the standard CPA attack operates on 1,024 correlations (about fifty times more than the Snake attack) and requires 1,223,400 traces.
Smooth Passage with the Guards: Second-Order Hardware Masking of the AES with Low Randomness and Low Latency
Authors: Gigerl Barbara , Klug Franz , Mangard Stefan , Mendel Florian , Primas Robert
Published: December 2023

Cryptographic devices in hostile environments can be vulnerable to physical attacks such as power analysis. Masking is a popular countermeasure against such attacks, which works by splitting every sensitive variable into d+1 randomized shares. The implementation cost of the masking countermeasure in hardware increases significantly with the masking order d, and protecting designs often results in a large overhead. One of the main drivers of the cost is the required amount of fresh randomness for masking the non-linear parts of a cipher. In the case of AES, first-order designs have been built without the need for any fresh randomness, but state-of-the-art higher-order designs still require a significant number of random bits per encryption. Attempts to reduce the randomness however often result in a considerable latency overhead, which is not favorable in practice. This raises the need for AES designs offering a decent performance tradeoff, which are efficient both in terms of required randomness and latency.In this work, we present a second-order AES design with the minimal number of three shares, requiring only 3 200 random bits per encryption at a latency of 5 cycles per round. Our design represents a significant improvement compared to state-of-the-art designs that require more randomness and/or have a higher latency. The core of the design is an optimized 5-cycle AES S-box which needs 78 bits of fresh randomness. We use this S-box to construct a round-based AES design, for which we present a concept for sharing randomness across the S-boxes based on the changing of the guards (COTG) technique. We assess the security of our design in the probing model using a formal verification tool. Furthermore, we evaluate the practical side-channel resistance on an FPGA.
High-assurance zeroization
Authors: Arranz Olmos Santiago , Barthe Gilles , Gonzalez Ruben , Grégoire Benjamin , Laporte Vincent , Léchenet Jean-Christophe , Oliveira Tiago , Schwabe Peter
Published: December 2023

In this paper we revisit the problem of erasing sensitive data from memory and registers during return from a cryptographic routine. While the problem and related attacker model is fairly easy to phrase, it turns out to be surprisingly hard to guarantee security in this model when implementing cryptography in common languages such as C/C++ or Rust. We revisit the issues surrounding zeroization and then present a principled solution in the sense that it guarantees that sensitive data is erased and it clearly defines when this happens. We implement our solution as extension to the formally verified Jasmin compiler and extend the correctness proof of the compiler to cover zeroization. We show that the approach seamlessly integrates with state-of-the-art protections against microarchitectural attacks by integrating zeroization into Libjade, a cryptographic library written in Jasmin with systematic protections against timing and Spectre-v1 attacks. We present benchmarks showing that in many cases the overhead of zeroization is barely measurable and that it stays below 2% except for highly optimized symmetric crypto routines on short inputs.
Quantile: Quantifying Information Leakage
Authors: Hadžic Vedad , Cassiers Gaëtan , Primas Robert , Mangar Stefan , Bloem Roderick
Published: December 2023

The masking countermeasure is very effective against side-channel attacks such as differential power analysis. However, the design of masked circuits is a challenging problem since one has to ensure security while minimizing performance overheads. The security of masking is often studied in the t-probing model, and multiple formal verification tools can verify this notion. However, these tools generally cannot verify large masked computations due to computational complexity.We introduce a new verification tool named Quantile, which performs randomized simulations of the masked circuit in order to bound the mutual information between the leakage and the secret variables. Our approach ensures good scalability with the circuit size and results in proven statistical security bounds. Further, our bounds are quantitative and, therefore, more nuanced than t-probing security claims: by bounding the amount of information contained in the lower-order leakage, Quantile can evaluate the security provided by masking even when they are not 1-probing secure, i.e., when they are classically considered as insecure. As an example, we apply Quantile to masked circuits of Prince and AES, where randomness is aggressively reused.
Fast and Clean: Auditable high-performance assembly via constraint solving
Authors: Abdulrahman Amin , Becker Hanno , Kannwischer Matthias J. , Klein Fabien
Published: December 2023

Handwritten assembly is a widely used tool in the development of highperformance cryptography: By providing full control over instruction selection, instruction scheduling, and register allocation, highest performance can be unlocked. On the flip side, developing handwritten assembly is not only time-consuming, but the artifacts produced also tend to be difficult to review and maintain – threatening their suitability for use in practice.In this work, we present SLOTHY (Super (Lazy) Optimization of Tricky Handwritten assemblY), a framework for the automated superoptimization of assembly with respect to instruction scheduling, register allocation, and loop optimization (software pipelining): With SLOTHY, the developer controls and focuses on algorithm and instruction selection, providing a readable “base” implementation in assembly, while SLOTHY automatically finds optimal and traceable instruction scheduling and register allocation strategies with respect to a model of the target (micro)architecture.We demonstrate the flexibility of SLOTHY by instantiating it with models of the Cortex-M55, Cortex-M85, Cortex-A55 and Cortex-A72microarchitectures, implementing the Armv8.1-M+Helium and AArch64+Neon architectures. We use the resulting tools to optimize three workloads: First, for Cortex-M55 and Cortex-M85, a radix-4 complex Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic, fundamental in Digital Signal Processing. Second, on Cortex-M55, Cortex-M85, Cortex-A55 and Cortex-A72, the instances of the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) underlying CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium, two recently announced winners of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization project. Third, for Cortex-A55, the scalar multiplication for the elliptic curve key exchange X25519. The SLOTHY-optimized code matches or beats the performance of prior art in all cases, while maintaining compactness and readability.
ESO-based Backstepping Control of DC-DC Buck Converter Under Mismatched load Disturbance
Authors: USLU Ümit Akın , IRMAK Emrah
Published: December 2023

The DC–DC power converter play a critical role to provide stable DC output voltage, however which is subject to various uncertainties and disturbance in supplying the sensitive loads. This paper propose a composite backstepping control strategy with extended state observer (ESO) for buck converter. Firstly, a backstepping control function is constructed to derive an inner current loop reference assuming load disturbance is known, which renders global stability of the system. An ESO is designed to estimate the mismatched load current and feedforward it to the backstepping controller to obtain disturbance rejection. Quantitative selection of control and observer gains are provided under highly nonlinear relationship of system dynamics. Rigorous stability of proposed scheme are poved with analysis of robustness. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in the presence of load disturbance and uncertainties
Smart Aquaponics System
Authors: Ubayasena W.P.H , N.S.C Hemantha , W.M.T.B Wijayakoon , R.M.N Kavindya , Kalapuge Vindhya
Published: December 2023

Aquaponic systems, an integration of aquaculture and hydroponics, have untapped potential due to challenges in water quality control, nutrient deficiency detection, feed management, and the lack of comprehensive market feasibility analysis. This study introduces an innovative approach that employs sensor technology, internet of things and machine learning to effectively address these issues. The Internet of things system is developed to monitor status of water and A Neural Network training model is developed to predict water quality parameters proactively before they reach critical levels, optimizing system efficiency, yield, and sustainability. By applying a deep learning-based model, nutrient deficiencies are detected early, using a convolutional neural network that classifies crops based on nutrient content. This gap-filling measure provides valuable insights for nutrient management in aquaponic systems. A novel automated fish-feeding mechanism, leveraging machine learning, eliminates the drawbacks of manual control and enhances system performance, product quality, and profitability. Additionally, a market feasibility analysis model, absent in prior systems, helps to forecast, and reduce the risk of overselling or unsold products. These advancements contribute significantly to the commercial and sustainable potential of aquaponic farming, providing a robust framework for future research and development.
FUNGSI BUNGA-BUNGAAN DALAM TEKS PANTUN MELAYU ‘BINGKISAN PERMATA’
Authors: MOHD ZAWAWI AZYANTEE , MAT HASSAN NURMASITAH , AB JABAR NORDIANA
Published: December 2023

Abstrak
Alam mempunyai unsur pengaruh yang kuat dalam kehidupan tradisi masyarakat Melayu sejak zaman berzaman. Keutuhan hubungan yang terjalin di antara masyarakat Melayu dengan alam sekitar telah membentuk satu pengaruh unik khususnya penggunaan unsur alam sebagai motif dalam aspek kesenian dan kebudayaan Melayu. Keupayaan mengolah unsur alam khususnya flora sebagai pembayang dalam menghasilkan pantun membuktikan penggunaan daya kreativiti yang tinggi dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Makalah ini dihasilkan bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang fungsi tumbuhan terutamanya jenis bunga-bungaan yang terdapat di alam Melayu dan mempunyai fungsi tertentu. Kajian ini juga meneliti kepelbagaian unsur flora yang digunakan sebagai pembayang dalam menghasilkan pantun. Selain itu, kajian ini juga meneliti pemilihan motif alam flora terutamanya aspek bunga-bungaan dalam pantun Melayu. Jenis-jenis bunga yang terdapat dalam pantun Melayu kebiasaannya dijadikan sebagai pembayang dan juga maksud pantun. Bagi tujuan menjalankan kajian tersebut, analisis dilakukan melalui koleksi pantun yang terdapat dalam teks Pantun Melayu Bingkisan Permata (PMBP). Hasil kajian mendapati penjenisan bunga yang terdapat dalam pantun Melayu mempunyai kepelbagaian fungsi antaranya sebagai bahan makanan, alat kosmetik, alat terapi, simbol dalam upacara atau ritual, dan berfungsi sebagai bahan dalam perubatan tradisional masyarakat Melayu.
Abstract
Nature has had a vital element of influence in the traditional life of the Malay community since time immemorial. The integrity of the relationship between the Malay community and the environment has formed a unique influence, especially the use of natural elements as motives in aspects of Malay art and culture. The ability to process the elements of nature, especially flora, as a hint in producing poems proves the use of high creativity among the Malay community. This paper aims to study the function of plants, especially the types of flowers found in the Malay world and have certain functions. This study also examines the diversity of flora elements used as hints in producing poems. In addition, this study also examines the selection of motifs of flora, especially the aspect of flowers in Malay poetry. The types of flowers found in Malay poems are usually used as a hint and also the poem's meaning. To conduct the study, the analysis was done through a collection of poems found in the text of “Pantun Melayu Bingkisan Permata” (PMBM). The results of the study found that the types of flowers found in Malay poems have a variety of functions such as food, cosmetics, therapy tools, symbols in ceremonies or rituals, and serve as material in the traditional medicine of the Malay community