bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Triptycene‐Based Layered/Flower‐Like 2D Conductive Metal–Organic Framework with 3D Extension as an Electrode for Efficient Li Storage
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Yu Mengxiao , Liu Jiaqiang , Wu Songgu , Gong Junbo
Published: October 2023

2D metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) with π conjugation have attracted widespread attention in the field of lithium storage due to their unique electron transfer units and structural characteristics. However, the periodic 2D planar extension structure hides some active sites, which is not conducive to the utilization of its structural advantages. In this work, a series of triptycene‐based 2D conductive MOFs (M‐DBH, M = Ni, Mn, and Co) with 3D extension structures are constructed by coordinating 9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐[1,2]benzenoanthracene‐2,3,6,7,14,15‐hexaol with metal ions to explore their potential applications in lithium‐ion and lithium–sulfur batteries. This is the first study in which 2D conductive MOFs with the 3D extended molecule are used as electrode materials for lithium storage. The designed material generates rich active sites through staggered stacking layers and shows excellent performance in lithium‐ion and lithium–sulfur batteries. The capacity retention rate of Ni‐DBH can reach over 70% after 500 cycles at 0.2 C in lithium‐ion batteries, while the capacity of S@Mn‐DBH exceeds 305 mAh g−1 after 480 cycles at 0.5 C in lithium–sulfur batteries. Compared with the materials with 2D planar extended structures, the M‐DBH electrodes with 3D extended structures in this work exhibit better performance in terms of cycle time and lithium storage capacity.
Introducing Design Strategies to Preserve N‐Heterocycles Throughout the On‐Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanostructures
Authors: Tenorio Maria , Moreno Cesar , Vilas‐Varela Manuel , Castro‐Esteban Jesús , Febrer Pol , Pruneda Miguel , Peña Diego , Mugarza Aitor
Published: October 2023

Despite the impressive advances in the synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanostructures witnessed during the last decade, advancing in compositional complexity faces major challenges. The concept of introducing the desired functional groups or dopants in the molecular precursor often fails due to their lack of stability during the reaction path. Here, a study on the stability of different pyridine and pyrimidine moieties during the on‐surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons on Au(111) is presented. Combining bond‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the thermal evolution of the nitrogen dopants throughout the whole reaction sequence is tracked. A comparative experimental and ab initio electronic characterization confirms the presence of dopants in the final structures, revealing also that the pyridinic nitrogen leads to a significant band downshift. The results demonstrate that, by using synthetic strategies to lower the reaction temperatures, one can preserve specific N‐heterocycles throughout all the reaction steps of the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons and beyond the interibbon coupling reaction that leads to nanoporous graphene.
Emergent growth of system self‐organization and self‐control: Contextual system design, steering, and transformation
Authors: Henshaw Jessie Lydia
Published: October 2023

In physics, subjects not explained by formulas were often avoided, like how uncontrolled systems change form. Weather, businesses, societies, environments, communities, cultures, groups, relationships, lives, and livelihoods all change form by variations of “S” curve progressions. It is a slow‐fast‐slow process of self‐animated contextual energy‐system emergence of working designs. They also appear to develop by “find and connect” in three stages, starting small to first (a) grow designs of increasing power, then (b) diversify, adapt, respond, to harmonize internally and with others, and then (c) take on one or more roles in their climax environments. It starts as a long life‐curve of increasing syntropic success that later ends with a continuity of entropic decline. Life is particularly risky for small startups, but many do succeed. Many powerful civilizations have emerged, some never growing up but growing as endless startups, only to become fragile, fail, and vanish. Here, we explore these systems with the premise that dynamic self‐organization and adaptation are also inherently processes of self‐direction.
Circularity of resources in the craft brewery segment: An analysis supported by innovation
Authors: Julkovski Dulcimar José , Sehnem Simone , Lara Ana Cláudia , Ramos Maria da Conceição Pereira
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes how the circularity of resources occurs in Brazilian craft breweries supported by innovation and proposes the creation of alternative craft breweries to promote circular economy. Data were collected through 11 interviews with entrepreneurs in the craft brewery segment, checklist application, and access to the website of the cases investigated. Our results expand the relationship with innovation suggesting that: (a) the circularity of resources is still focused on several long‐cycle practices; (b) short cycles, which are the most desired for the retention of resource value in the production chain, are already present, but demand more attention from the enterprises surveyed; (c) innovation practices can become barriers to or drivers for the feasibility of circular economy in the beer context; (d) technical cycles are consolidated in most of the researched cases, while biological cycles still demand greater engagement from all stakeholders; (e) the nature and content of circular practices imply different adoption stages in the cases investigated; (f) companies invest in strengthening the relationship with consumers and suppliers in order to obtain support for current circular strategies in their ventures.
Whole‐genome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies: novel phenotype–genotype discoveries
Authors: Qi Q. , Jiang Y. , Zhou X. , Lü Y. , Xiao R. , Bai J. , Lou H. , Sun W. , Lian Y. , Hao N. , Li M. , Chang J.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The identification of structural variants and single‐nucleotide variants is essential in finding molecular etiologies of monogenic genetic disorders. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming more widespread in genetic disease diagnosis. However, data on its clinical utility remain limited in prenatal practice. We aimed to expand our understanding of implementing WGS in the genetic diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies.

Methods

We employed trio WGS with a minimum coverage of 40× on the MGI DNBSEQ‐T7 platform in a cohort of 17 fetuses presenting with aberrations detected by ultrasound, but uninformative findings of standard chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES).

Results

Causative genetic variants were identified in two families, with an increased diagnostic yield of 11.8% (2/17). Both were exon‐level copy‐number variants of small size (3.03 kb and 5.16 kb) and beyond the detection thresholds of CMA and ES. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, we have described the first prenatal instance of the association of FGF8 with holoprosencephaly and facial deformities.

Conclusions

Our analysis demonstrates the clinical value of WGS in the diagnosis of the underlying etiology of fetuses with structural abnormalities, when routine genetic tests have failed to provide a diagnosis. Additionally, the novel variants and new fetal manifestations have expanded the mutational and phenotypic spectrums of BBS9 and FGF8. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The state‐of‐art review of ultra‐precision machining using text mining: Identification of main themes and recommendations for the future direction
Authors: YIP Wai Sze , Yan Hengzhou Edward , Zhang Baolong , To Suet
Published: October 2023

Ultra‐precision machining (UPM), one of the most advanced machining techniques that can produce exact components, significantly impacts the technological community. The significance of UPM attracts the attention of academic and industrial partners. As a result of the rapid development of UPM caused by technological advancement, it is necessary to revisit the current stages and evolution of UPM to sustain and advance this technology. The state of the art in UPM is first investigated systematically in this study by identifying the current four major UPM themes. The UPM thematic network is then built, along with a structural analysis of the network, to determine the interactions between each theme and the primary roles of theme members responsible for the interactions. Furthermore, the “bridge” role is assigned to the specific UPM theme content. On the other hand, Sentiment analysis is conducted to determine how the academic community at UPM feels about the themes for UPM research to focus on those themes with a need for more confidence. Considering the above findings, the future perspective of UPM and suggestions for its advancement are discussed and provided. This study provides a comprehensive understanding and the current state‐of‐the‐art review of UPM technology by a text mining technique to critically analyze its research content, as well as suggestions to enhance UPM development by focusing on its current challenges, thereby assisting academia and institutions in leveraging this technology to benefit society.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining

Application Areas > Science and Technology

Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Teilhabe als Gesundheitsfaktor
Authors: Wacker Elisabeth , Beck Iris , Brandt Martina , Köbsell Swantje , Lippke Sonia , Niehaus Mathilde
Published: October 2023

Teilhabechancen

spielen im Kontext von Gesundheit eine wichtige Rolle. Diesen Zusammenhang betont das

bio-psycho-soziale Modell von Behinderung

, das auch Grundlage des Bundesteilhabe- und des

Teilhabestärkungsgesetz

es ist. Gleichzeitig machen die dort zum Tragen kommenden Definitionen von Behinderung deutlich, dass diese nicht naturwüchsig ist, sondern erst im Zusammenspiel von individuellen Beeinträchtigungen und gesellschaftlichen Barrieren entsteht. Im Zuge der Veränderung der

Sozialgesetzgebung

rückt auch das Thema „Behinderung und Gesundheit“ mehr in den Fokus. Das Kapitel klärt zunächst die zentralen Begriffe, stellt dann statistische Daten rund um das „Leben mit Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderung in Deutschland“ vor und verbindet diese mit dem Thema Gesundheit. Mit Hilfe der

Teilhabeberichterstattung

der Bundesregierung wird auf die noch unbefriedigende Datenlage zum Zusammenhang von Beeinträchtigungen, Behinderung und Gesundheit verwiesen. Das Kapitel betrachtet im Licht der ICF der WHO, welche Rolle das BTHG in diesem Kontext spielt und welche Bedeutung dabei Prävention haben muss. Ein Exkurs zur

Prävention

in besonderen Wohnformen zeigt mit einer

Feldstudie

exemplarisch auf, welche Perspektiven das Fachpersonal und auch die dort lebenden Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen auf

Prävention

haben. Unter Bezug auf den Ansatz der

Salutogenese

wird die Bedeutung des

demographischen Wandel

s für das Thema Gesundheit und Behinderung behandelt sowie die Frage, was beeinträchtigte Menschen im Laufe ihres Lebens gesund hält. Schließlich wird ausgelotet, wie

Gesundheitskompetenz

en von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen durch den Abbau von Barrieren erweitert werden können. Eine Auswertung erster Ergebnisse der repräsentativen

Teilhabebefragung

rundet das Kapitel ab. Mit diesen Daten soll es möglich werden, die Sicht von Menschen mit und ohne Beeinträchtigungen auf den Zugang zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung zu vergleichen. Damit werden zahlreiche Versorgungslücken bzw. Zugangsbarrieren deutlich. Für die Umsetzung von Art. 25 UN-BRK – die Inanspruchnahme von

Gesundheitsangebote

n gleichberechtigt mit der Mehrheitsgesellschaft – bedarf es demnach noch großer Anstrengungen.
Impact of hyaluronic acid injection on the knee joint friction
Authors: de Roy Luisa , Eichhorn Kerstin , Faschingbauer Martin , Schlickenrieder Klaus , Ignatius Anita , Seitz Andreas Martin
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate whether or not hyaluronic acid supplementation improves knee joint friction during osteoarthritis progression under gait‐like loading conditions.

Methods

Twelve human cadaveric knee joints were equally divided into mild and moderate osteoarthritic groups. After initial conservative preparation, a passive pendulum setup was used to test the whole joints under gait‐like conditions before and after hyaluronic acid supplementation. The friction‐related damping properties given by the coefficient of friction µ and the damping coefficient c (in kg m2/s) were calculated from the decaying flexion–extension motion of the knee. Subsequently, tibial and femoral cartilage and meniscus samples were extracted from the joints and tested in an established dynamic pin‐on‐plate tribometer using synthetic synovial fluid followed by synthetic synovial fluid supplemented with hyaluronic acid as lubricant. Friction was quantified by calculating the coefficient of friction.

Results

In the pendulum tests, the moderate OA group indicated significantly lower c0 values (p < 0.05) under stance phase conditions and significantly lower µ0 (p = 0.01) values under swing phase conditions. No degeneration‐related statistical differences were found for µend or cend. Friction was not significantly different (p > 0.05) with regard to mild and moderate osteoarthritis in the pin‐on‐plate tests. Additionally, hyaluronic acid did not affect friction in both, the pendulum (p > 0.05) and pin‐on‐plate friction tests (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results of this in vitro study suggested that the friction of cadaveric knee joint tissues does not increase with progressing degeneration. Moreover, hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation does not lead to an initial decrease in knee joint friction.
Protective effects of Gαi3 deficiency in a murine heart-failure model of β1-adrenoceptor overexpression
Authors: Schröper Tobias , Mehrkens Dennis , Leiss Veronika , Tellkamp Frederik , Engelhardt Stefan , Herzig Stefan , Birnbaumer Lutz , Nürnberg Bernd , Matthes Jan
Published: October 2023

We have shown that in murine cardiomyopathy caused by overexpression of the β1-adrenoceptor, Gαi2-deficiency is detrimental. Given the growing evidence for isoform-specific Gαi-functions, we now examined the consequences of Gαi3 deficiency in the same heart-failure model. Mice overexpressing cardiac β1-adrenoceptors with (β1-tg) or without Gαi3-expression (β1-tg/Gαi3−/−) were compared to C57BL/6 wildtypes and global Gαi3-knockouts (Gαi3−/−). The life span of β1-tg mice was significantly shortened but improved when Gαi3 was lacking (95% CI: 592–655 vs. 644–747 days). At 300 days of age, left-ventricular function and survival rate were similar in all groups. At 550 days of age, β1-tg but not β1-tg/Gαi3−/− mice displayed impaired ejection fraction (35 ± 18% vs. 52 ± 16%) compared to wildtype (59 ± 4%) and Gαi3−/− mice (60 ± 5%). Diastolic dysfunction of β1-tg mice was prevented by Gαi3 deficiency, too. The increase of ANP mRNA levels and ventricular fibrosis observed in β1-tg hearts was significantly attenuated in β1-tg/Gαi3−/− mice. Transcript levels of phospholamban, ryanodine receptor 2, and cardiac troponin I were similar in all groups. However, Western blots and phospho-proteomic analyses showed that in β1-tg, but not β1-tg/Gαi3−/− ventricles, phospholamban protein was reduced while its phosphorylation increased. Here, we show that in mice overexpressing the cardiac β1-adrenoceptor, Gαi3 deficiency slows or even prevents cardiomyopathy and increases shortened life span. Previously, we found Gαi2 deficiency to aggravate cardiac dysfunction and mortality in the same heart-failure model. Our findings indicate isoform-specific interventions into Gi-dependent signaling to be promising cardio-protective strategies.
Computed tomography radiomics identification of T1–2 and T3–4 stages of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: two-dimensional or three-dimensional?
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Li , Gu Xiaolong , Wang Qi , Shi Gaofeng , Zhang Andu , Yue Meng , Wang Mingbo , Ren Jialiang
Published: October 2023

Background

To evaluate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) radiomics analysis for the T stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

398 patients with pathologically confirmed ESCC were divided into training and testing sets. All patients underwent chest CT scans preoperatively. For each tumor, based on CT images, a 2D region of interest (ROI) was outlined on the largest cross-sectional area, and a 3D ROI was outlined layer by layer on each section of the tumor. The radiomics platform was used for feature extraction. For feature selection, stepwise logistic regression was used. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the 2D radiomics model versus the 3D radiomics model. The differences were compared using the DeLong test. The value of the clinical utility of the two radiomics models was evaluated.

Results

1595 radiomics features were extracted. After screening, two radiomics models were constructed. In the training set, the difference between the area under the curve (AUC) of the 2D radiomics model (AUC = 0.831) and the 3D radiomics model (AUC = 0.830) was not statistically significant (p = 0.973). In the testing set, the difference between the AUC of the 2D radiomics model (AUC = 0.807) and the 3D radiomics model (AUC = 0.797) was also not statistically significant (p = 0.748). A 2D model was equally useful as a 3D model in clinical situations.

Conclusion

The performance of 2D radiomics model is comparable to that of 3D radiomics model in distinguishing between the T1-2 and T3-4 stages of ESCC. In addition, 2D radiomics model may be a more feasible option due to the shorter time required for segmenting the ROI.
Shaping a suitable EU HTA dossier template: why the German template is not fit for purpose
Authors: Schweitzer Maria Katharina , Dold Manuel Nico , Genet Astrid , Gossens Klaus , Klein-Hessling Thomas , Löffler Nils , Rabel Matthias , Rasch Andrej , Reuter Eva-Maria , Schmelcher Jessica , Wolfram Natalia , Werner Sebastian
Published: October 2023

From 2025, Health Technology Developers (HTDs) have to submit EU HTA dossiers. The joint clinical assessment (JCA) aims to streamline HTA processes and access to medicinal products across Europe. Currently, German HTA bodies IQWiG and G-BA actively shape the JCA methodology. Here we examine if German HTA dossier requirements are suitable for the JCA. We compare the number of safety endpoint and subgroup analyses in German dossiers with analyses considered in IQWIG’s benefit assessment and evaluate if these analyses were considered by the G-BA. We further investigated how the number of analyses was affected by the latest change in the German dossier template. With the current template, HTDs report in median 2.6 times more analyses on adverse events (AE) and 1.1 times more subgroup categories than in the previous template. IQWiG does not consider 33% of AE analyses and 73% of the subgroup categories presented by the HTD under the current template. G-BA considered the same AE as IQWiG in 76% of cases. Subgroups were uncommented by G-BA in most cases, independent of the template (previous: 93%, current 85%) and unconsidered in the conclusion on additional benefit (previous: 77%, current 69%). Thus, changes in the dossier template drastically increased HTD workload, but additional analyses seem unconsidered by the HTA bodies. With a broader scope in JCA, this effect could be amplified. To mitigate duplicative efforts and ensure prompt availability of medicinal products as envisioned by the HTAR, we suggest well-chosen and precise dossier requirements, early consultations, and early HTD engagement.
A predictive model for planning emergency events rescue during COVID-19 in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Andreella Angela , Mira Antonietta , Balafas Spyros , Wit Ernst-Jan C. , Ruggeri Fabrizio , Nattino Giovanni , Ghilardi Giulia , Bertolini Guido
Published: October 2023

Forecasting the volume of emergency events is important for resource utilization in emergency medical services (EMS). This became more evident during the COVID-19 outbreak when emergency event forecasts used by various EMS at that time tended to be inaccurate due to fluctuations in the number, type, and geographical distribution of these events. The motivation for this study was to develop a statistical model capable of predicting the volume of emergency events for Lombardy’s regional EMS called AREU at different time horizons. To accomplish this goal, we propose a negative binomial additive autoregressive model with smoothing splines, which can predict over-dispersed counts of emergency events one, two, five, and seven days ahead. In the model development stage, a large set of covariates was considered, and the final model was selected using a cross-validation procedure that takes into account the observations’ temporal dependence. Comparisons of the forecasting performance using the mean absolute percentage error showed that the proposed model outperformed the model used by AREU, as well as other widely used forecasting models. Consequently, AREU decided to adopt the new model for its forecasting purposes.
Wrong Way Risk corrections to CVA in CIR reduced-form models
Authors: Antonelli Fabio , Ramponi Alessandro , Scarlatti Sergio
Published: October 2023

In this paper we provide an efficient methodology to compute the credit value adjustment of a European contingent claim subject to some default event concerning the issuer solvability, when the underlying and the default event are correlated. In particular, in a Black and Scholes market/CIR intensity-default model, we consider a second order expansion around the origin of a vulnerable call option with respect to a correlation parameter$$\rho$$ρ, which may be used to describe the wrong way risk of the contract, measuring the dependence between the underlying asset price and the option’s issuer default intensity. Numerical implementations of this approach are compared with the benchmark Monte Carlo simulations.
Machine learning-based multipath modeling in spatial domain applied to GNSS short baseline processing
Authors: Pan Yuanxin , Möller Gregor , Soja Benedikt
Published: October 2023

Multipath is the main unmodeled error source hindering high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System data processing. Conventional multipath mitigation methods, such as sidereal filtering (SF) and multipath hemispherical map (MHM), have certain disadvantages: They are either not easy to use or not effective enough for multipath mitigation. In this study, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based multipath mitigation method. Multipath modeling was formulated as a regression task, and the multipath errors were fitted with respect to azimuth and elevation in the spatial domain. We collected 30 days of 1 Hz GPS data to validate the proposed method. In total, five short baselines were formed and multipath errors were extracted from the postfit residuals. ML-based multipath models, as well as observation-domain SF and MHM models, were constructed using 5 days of residuals before the target day and later applied for multipath correction. It was found that the XGBoost (XGB) method outperformed SF and MHM. It achieved the highest residual reduction rates, which were 24.9%, 36.2%, 25.5% and 20.4% for GPS P1, P2, L1 and L2 observations, respectively. After applying the XGB-based multipath corrections, kinematic positioning precisions of 1.6 mm, 1.9 mm and 4.5 mm could be achieved in east, north and up components, respectively, corresponding to 20.0%, 17.4% and 16.7% improvements compared to the original solutions. The effectiveness of the ML-based multipath model was further validated using 30 s sampling data and data from a low-cost device. We conclude that the ML-based multipath mitigation method is effective, easy to use, and can be easily extended by adding auxiliary input features, such as signal-to-noise ratio, during model training.
Evaluating the Impact of Inclined Cutoff-Wall to Control Seawater Intrusion in Heterogeneous Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Emara Sobhy R. , Gado Tamer A. , Zeidan Bakenaz A. , Armanuos Asaad M.
Published: October 2023

Subsurface physical barriers have been effectively used to mitigate seawater intrusion (SWI). Traditionally, the primary emphasis in both numerical studies and practical implementations has been on vertical barriers. The current research aims to explore the dynamics of SWI under various cutoff-wall inclination angles and depths, as well as aquifer heterogeneity using both experimental and numerical simulations. The impact of aquifer characteristics was assessed by utilizing a low hydraulic conductivity (K) aquifer (case L), a high hydraulic conductivity aquifer (case H), and two stratified aquifers. The stratified aquifers were created by grouping different hydraulic conductivity layers into two cases: high K above low K (case H/L) and low K above high K (case L/H). The model simulations covered seven different cutoff-wall inclination angles: 45.0°, 63.4°, 76.0°, 90.0°, 104.0°, 116.6°, and 135.0°. The maximum repulsion ratio of SWI wedge length was observed at an inclination angle of 76.0° for cutoff-wall depth ratios up to 0.623. However, as the depth ratio increased to 0.811, the maximum repulsion ratio shifted to an angle of 63.4° for all aquifers studied. At an inclined cutoff depth ratio of 0.811, the cutoff-wall inclination angle of 45.0° had the most significant impact on the saltwater wedge area. This results in SWI area reductions of 74.9%, 79.8%, 74.7%, and 62.6% for case L, case H, case H/L, and case L/H, respectively. This study provides practical insights into the prevention of SWI. Nevertheless, a thorough cost–benefit analysis is necessary to assess the feasibility of constructing inclined cutoff-walls.
Cardiorenale uitkomsten van diabetes mellitus type 2 tijdens behandeling met een sulfonureumderivaat in de Nederlandse praktijk
Authors: D.A. Stehouwer Coen , H. Serné Erik , de Jong Hilda J.I. , A. Overbeek Jetty , Palmen Jan
Published: October 2023

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Het is onbekend in hoeverre het risico op cardiovasculaire complicaties verhoogd is bij mensen met diabetes mellitus type 2 die niet voldoen aan de criteria voor een zeer hoog risico op hart- en vaatziekten, en die conventioneel behandeld worden met een sulfonureumderivaat (SU-derivaat).

Methode

De gegevens voor deze gematchte cohortstudie zijn verkregen uit het PHARMO Datanetwerk uit de eerste en tweede lijn in Nederland. De onderzoeksperiode liep van 1 januari 2013 tot en met 31 december 2019. Patiënten met diabetes mellitus type 2 die niet binnen de nieuwe richtlijn voor diabetes mellitus type 2 en een zeer hoog risico op hart- en vaatziekten vielen, werden ingedeeld in twee groepen: één groep met 'meerdere risicofactoren' (MRF) op basis van risicofactoren in de NHG CVRM Standaard, en één groep zonder aanvullende risicofactoren (non-RF). Het risico op verschillende cardiorenale complicaties afzonderlijk en een samengesteld eindpunt (hartfalen, myocardinfarct, beroerte, perifeer arterieel vaatlijden, niertransplantatie, dialyse, > 50% daling van de eGFR-waarde en overlijden) werd onderzocht vanaf de start van een SU-derivaat en vergeleken met een gematchte diabetesvrije populatie.

Resultaten

In de 6.148 patiënten in de MRF-groep was de incidentie van het samengestelde cardiorenale eindpunt 13 (95% CI, 9-18) per 1.000 patiëntjaren. Vergeleken met de diabetesvrije populatie was dit risico significant verhoogd (gecorrigeerde hazard- ratio 3,6; 95% CI, 2,1-6,3). Ook in de 3.219 patiënten in de non-RF-populatie was zowel de incidentie als de gecorrigeerde hazardratio voor het samengestelde cardiorenale eindpunt significant verhoogd.

Conclusie

Ondanks conventionele behandeling met SU-derivaten en CVRM-management hebben mensen met diabetes mellitus type 2 − zowel met als zonder aanvullende cardiovasculaire risicofactoren − een verhoogd risico op cardiorenale complicaties.
The effect of the Katz parameter on node ranking, with a medical application
Authors: Rehm Hunter , Matar Mona , Rombach Puck , McIntyre Lauren
Published: October 2023

The Medical Extensible Dynamic Probabilistic Risk Assessment Tool (MEDPRAT), developed by NASA, is an event-based risk modeling tool that assesses human health and medical risk during space exploration missions. The Susceptibility Inference Network (SIN), a sub-element of MEDPRAT, is a prototype model informed with data that represents the probabilities of medical conditions progressing from one to another and the expected quality time lost associated with the disease progression for each condition. The work presented in this paper aims to determine which conditions in the SIN have the greatest effect on MEDPRAT-predicted medical risk. Here, we propose to measure this expected quality time lost using a weighted version of Katz centrality and investigate the effect of the $$\alpha$$
α
-parameter on the lengths of walks that significantly affect the ranking of nodes. To do this, we introduce a tool to compare different centrality measures in their node rankings. This general tool is of independent interest, as it considers that a relative ranking of two nodes by a centrality measure is unreliable if their scores are within a margin of error. In particular, we find an upper bound on the lengths of the walks that determine the node ranking up to this margin of error. If an application imposes a realistic bound on possible walk lengths, this set of tools may help determine a suitable value for $$\alpha$$
α
.
Age-related changes in cuticular hydrocarbon bouquet and same-sex sexual behavior of mason bee males (Osmia cornuta and O. bicornis)
Authors: Seidelmann Karsten
Published: October 2023

Finding a mate is the central task in the lives of many male insects. In many solitary bees, sexual competition between males is high due to monandry and a pronounced male-biased sex ratio. Males searching for females will inspect and mount any object of suitable size and habitus. Species, sex, and reproductive status are encoded in the bee’s bouquet of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) and can only be identified at a short distance from the object encountered. In two species of mason bees, this CHC-based system for recognizing newly emerged, virgin females is not error-free. Newly emerged individuals of both sexes carry similar CHC bouquets, facilitating the confusion of newly emerged males with newly emerged, virgin females. Misidentification leads to same-sex sexual behavior by males seeking a mate. However, individuals of both sexes modify their CHC bouquet sex-specifically within a few days. The changes in the bouquet prevent further sexual harassment. In addition, within 3 days of emergence, males begin to release species-specific carboxylic acid esters, which may act as courtship-inhibiting pheromones to extend the range of their sex-specific scent tag. Due to the pronounced protandry of both species, SSB is restricted to the early flight season, when females are not yet present, and imposes no apparent cost on the two males involved.
Stimuli-Specific Inhibitory Control in Disorders Due to Addictive Behaviours: a Review of Current Evidence and Discussion of Methodological Challenges
Authors: Antons Stephanie , Müller Silke M. , Neumann Paul , Müller Astrid , Steins-Loeber Sabine
Published: October 2023

Purpose of Review

This systematic review focuses on stimuli-specific inhibitory control as measured with variations of Go/No-Go, Stroop, and Stop-Signal tasks including addiction-related cues. We aimed to identify whether individuals with tendencies towards behavioural addictions show stimulus-specific reductions in inhibitory control as assumed by recent theoretical models.

Recent Findings

The systematic literature search yielded 31 studies eligible for inclusion. Most studies focused on gaming disorder and problematic social networks use. Variants of the Go/No-Go task were most frequently used measures of inhibitory control. Findings on stimuli-specific reductions in inhibitory control are mixed. The studies differ considerably regarding used measures, sample characteristics, and study designs.

The large methodological heterogeneity across studies makes it almost impossible to draw any clear conclusions. Study designs, task characteristics, stimuli, and diagnostic instruments should be more standardised and used more consistently. We recommend to recruit clinical samples for studying stimuli-specific inhibitory control in behavioural addictions.
The Role of Psychopathic Traits and Supportive Parental Practices in Long-Term Juvenile Recidivism: a 10-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Westerveld Jet , Asscher Jessica J. , Deković Maja , Verweij Suzan , Weijters Gijs
Published: October 2023

Recidivism rates of juvenile delinquents remain high despite numerous intervention efforts. Identifying factors that can predict (long-term) recidivism is therefore an important research issue. Knowledge on why juveniles re-offend is a key to effective interventions as it helps to identify factors most likely to be successful targets in intervention programs. A 10-year follow-up study prospectively examined whether psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices predicted the timing and frequency of recidivism in juvenile delinquents. Participants were 256 adolescents who were referred to treatment for serious antisocial behavior (72.4% male). Participants were between 12 and 18 years old at baseline (M = 15.9 years). Parents reported on juveniles’ psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices at baseline. At 10-year follow-up, the official recidivism data were collected. A substantial number of juveniles (86.3%) had recidivated at 10-year follow-up. Juvenile psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices did not incrementally predict the timing or frequency of recidivism over time over and beyond the static control variables gender and prior offenses. The present study confirms previous work suggesting that static risk factors gender and prior offenses are strongest predictors of recidivism.
Hydrocarbon generation potential and organic matter accumulation patterns in organic-rich shale during the mesoproterozoic oxygenation event: evidence from the Xiamaling formation shale
Authors: Miao Huan , Jiang Zhenxue , Tang Xianglu , Deng Ze , Zhang Chengju , Liang Zhikai , Shi Yuguang
Published: October 2023

A significant deposition of black shales occurred during the Mesoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (MOE). In order to investigate the hydrocarbon generation potential and organic matter enrichment mechanism of these shale deposits, we studied the Xiamaling Formation shale in the North China region as a representative sample of the Mesoproterozoic shale. The research involved organic petrology, organic geochemistry, mineralogy, and elemental geochemistry. The following observations were made: (1) The depositional environment of the Xiamaling Formation shale can be categorized as either oxic or anoxic, with the former having shallow depositional waters and high deposition rates, while the latter has deeper depositional waters and slower deposition rates. (2) Anoxic shales exhibited significantly better hydrocarbon generation potential compared to shales deposited in oxic environments, although the latter still demonstrated high hydrocarbon generation potential. (3) Shales deposited in anoxic environments displayed higher paleoproductivity compared to those deposited in oxic environments. The high deposition rate in oxic environments slowed the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, leading to the formation of high-quality shales. In contrast, the strong paleoproductivity, along with favorable preservation conditions, accounted for the high hydrocarbon potential of anoxic shales.
Factors associated with quality of life for cystic fibrosis family caregivers
Authors: Nesser Whitney , Snyder Scott , Driscoll Kimberly A. , Modi Avani C.
Published: October 2023

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic and chronic disease affecting 32,100 people in the United States as of 2021, with a life expectancy of 56 years for people with CF (PwCF) born between 2018 and 2022. While there is extensive literature about cystic fibrosis, there are few studies examining the complexity and challenges experienced by family caregivers for PwCF. The aim of this study was to examine the Caregiver Quality of Life Cystic Fibrosis (CQOLCF) scale using data (N = 217) from two separate studies that used the scale to determine if its items represent multiple factors relevant to CF family caregiver QoL. Factor analysis was conducted on the Seven distinct factors were found with analysis of the CQOLCF. Factors were Existential Dread (12%), Burden (11%), Strain (7%), Support (7%), Positivity (6%), Finance (5%) and Guilt (3%). Study findings indicated it is important for healthcare providers and researchers who use the CQOLCF to be knowledgeable and aware of the multiple factors associated with quality of life in this population in addition to an overall quality of life score.
Erfahrungen mit wechselseitigen Untersuchungen (Peer-to-Peer): eine Querschnittsstudie unter Studierenden nach dem Untersuchungskurs
Authors: Scheins Hanna , Braun Gracia , Krumpholtz Yelda , Weltermann Birgitta
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Die körperliche Untersuchung ist eine medizinische Kernkompetenz. Die wechselseitigen Untersuchungen (Peer-to-Peer-Untersuchung [PPE]) in Kleingruppen mit teilweisem Entkleiden sind eine bewährte didaktische Methode. Studien deuten jedoch auf eine Beeinträchtigung der Lernprozesse durch PPE hin. In dieser Studie wurden Studierende nach ihren Erfahrungen mit PPE und Präferenzen für die Kurzentwicklung befragt.

Methoden

Diese webbasierte Querschnittsstudie befragte Medizinstudierende, die den Untersuchungskurs vor 2–4 Semestern absolviert hatten. Der Fragebogen erfasste soziodemografische Merkmale der Studierenden, ihre Erfahrungen mit wechselseitiger Untersuchung und ihre Präferenzen für die Verbesserung des Kursformats. Ein logistisches Regressionsmodell analysierte den Zusammenhang zwischen der Bereitschaft der Studierenden zu PPE und den Präferenzen für eine Weiterentwicklung des Lernformats.

Ergebnisse

Die Rücklaufquote betrug 39,5 % (n = 156), 73,4 % waren weiblich. Die Mehrheit stimmte PPE zu: Untersucht zu werden, ist eine wichtige Erfahrung für zukünftige Ärzte (96,5 %, n = 138), wechselseitiges Untersuchen ist eine geeignete Lehrmethode (89,5 %, n = 128) und das Wohlbefinden nahm im Kursverlauf zu (75,2 %, n = 107). Allerdings waren 13,3 % (n = 19) der Studierenden nicht bereit, sich untersuchen zu lassen, und 22,4 % (n = 32) waren nicht bereit, sich an ≥ 1 Körperteil untersuchen zu lassen. Über ≥ 1 Lernbeeinträchtigung durch PPE berichteten 31,5 % (n = 45) und 12,2 % (n = 17) fühlten sich zur Teilnahme gezwungen. Die Studierenden wählten durchschnittlich 5,8 von 14 (SD 1,9) der Vorschläge zur Anpassung des Kursformats. Studierende, die nicht bereit waren, an der wechselseitigen Untersuchung von ≥ 1 Körperregion teilzunehmen (23,8 %, n = 34), wünschten signifikant häufiger Kursmodifikationen: Training zuerst an Dummys (35,3 % vs. 12 %, p = 0,005) oder Schauspielpatienten (23,5 % vs. 5,6 %, p = 0,005), Raumtrennung durch Vorhänge (54,8 % vs. 17,9 %, p < 0,001) und gleichgeschlechtliche Tutoren (24,2 % vs. 1,9 %, p < 0,001).

Die meisten Studierenden bewerten die wechselseitige Untersuchung positiv, doch waren etwa 30 % unzufrieden mit PPE. Optionen zur Weiterentwicklung des Lehrformats wurden insbesondere von den Studierenden bevorzugt, die sich mit einer wechselseitigen Untersuchung eher unwohl fühlten.
Slope susceptibility map for preventive measures against rainfall-induced slope failure
Authors: Rahardjo Harianto , Zhai Qian , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Li Yangyang , Rangarajan Saranya , Rahimi Arezoo
Published: October 2023

Rainfall-induced slope failures frequently occurs in many urban areas around the world especially due to the impact of the global warming. Some slope failures result in casualties that have negative impacts on urban sustainability. The slope failures are normally observed near slope surface within the unsaturated zone above the groundwater table. Hence, it is important to incorporate the unsaturated soil mechanics principles in analysing the slope stability during rainfall. This study focuses predominantly on the regional stability analyses of residual soils within the Jurong Formation and Bukit Timah Granite in Singapore. The objective of the study is to develop slope susceptibility map as part of preventive measures against extreme rainfall conditions. The slope susceptibility map was evaluated using 2-D numerical analyses of slopes with historical failure. The recently developed sustainable retaining structure system, GeoBarrier System (GBS) is investigated to understand its suitability as a preventive measure for critical slopes with high risk as identified from the slope susceptibility map. Using Transient Rainfall Infiltration (TRIGRS) and Grid-Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis (Scoops3D), the pore-water pressure distributions and factors of safety (FS) within each zone are determined. The results from slope susceptibility maps and 2-D numerical analyses are consistent. Moreover, the incorporation of GeoBarrier System on the critical slope is demonstrated to be an effective slope stabilization measure based on the numerical simulations of two-dimensional analyses.
Living artefacts for regenerative ecologies
Authors: Karana Elvin , McQuillan Holly , Rognoli Valentina , Giaccardi Elisa
Published: October 2023

Introduced in 2020, the notion of living artefacts encompasses biodesign outcomes that maintain the vitality of organisms such as fungi, algae, bacteria, and plants in the use of everyday artefacts, enabling new functions, interactions, and expressions within our daily lives. This paper situates living artefacts at the intersection of the sustainability discourse and more-than-human ontologies, illuminating the unprecedented opportunities that living artefacts present for regenerative ecologies. These ecologies are characterized by a fundamental inclination toward mutualism, creativity, and coevolution. In regenerative ecologies, the human-nature relationship transcends the binary distinction and it manifests as a single autopoietic system in which the constituent members collaboratively engage in the creation, transformation, and evolution of shared habitats. The paper outlines five pillars, supplemented by guiding questions and two illustrative cases, to aid designers in unlocking, articulating, and critically evaluating the potential of living artefacts for regenerative ecologies.
Emergence of long-range correlations and thermal spectra in forced turbulence
Authors: Hosking D.N. , Schekochihin A.A.
Published: October 2023

Recent numerical studies have shown that forced, statistically isotropic turbulence develops a ‘thermal-equilibrium’ spectrum,

$\mathcal {E}(k) \propto k^2$

, at large scales. This behaviour presents a puzzle, as it appears to imply the growth of a non-zero Saffman integral, which would require the longitudinal velocity correlation function,

$\chi (r)$

, to satisfy

$\chi (r\to \infty )\propto r^{-3}$

. As is well known, the Saffman integral is an invariant of decaying turbulence, precisely because non-local interactions (i.e. interactions via exchange of pressure waves) are too weak to generate such correlations. Subject to certain restrictions on the nature of the forcing, we argue that the same should be true for forced turbulence. We show that long-range correlations and a

$k^2$

spectrum arise as a result of the turbulent diffusion of linear momentum, and extend only up to a maximum scale that grows slowly with time. This picture has a number of interesting consequences. First, if the forcing generates eddies with significant linear momentum (as in so-called Saffman turbulence), a thermal spectrum is not reached – instead, a shallower spectrum develops. Secondly, the energy of turbulence that is forced for a while and then allowed to decay obeys Saffman's decay laws for a period that is much longer than the duration of the forcing stage.
Characteristic scales during the onset of radiatively driven convection: linear analysis and simulations
Authors: Chang Yun , Scotti Alberto
Published: October 2023

This paper considers the initial stage of radiatively driven convection, when the perturbations from a quiescent but time-dependent background state are small. Radiation intensity is assumed to decay exponentially away from the surface, and we consider parameter regimes in which the depth of the water is greater than the decay scale of

$e$

of the radiation intensity. Both time-independent and time-periodic radiation are considered. In both cases, the background temperature profile of the water column is time-dependent. A linear analysis of the system is performed based on these time-dependent profiles. We find that the perturbations grow in time according to

$\exp [(\sigma (t) t)]$

, where

$\sigma (t)$

is a time-dependent growth rate. An appropriately defined Reynolds number is the primary dimensionless number characterising the system, determining the wavelength, vertical structure and growth rate of the perturbations. Simulations using a Boussinesq model (the Stratified Ocean Model with Adaptive Refinement) confirm the linear analysis.
“Madame Wellington Koo”: a diplomatic wife and a Peranakan representing and socializing for Republican China
Authors: Shi Xia
Published: October 2023

Modern Chinese diplomatic histories rarely discuss the marriages of diplomats, leaving the impression that women made little impact on their husbands' careers. The extraordinary performance of Oei Hui-lan (1889–1992), wife of celebrated diplomat Wellington Koo (1888–1985), challenges this view. Hui-lan's contributions to diplomacy call our attention to the role played by Chinese diplomatic wives: as reception hostesses and embassy managers, they cultivated social relationships to facilitate diplomatic exchange. Hui-lan's story reminds us that to study modern diplomatic history solely through the lens of professionalization and institutionalization – while forgoing perspectives of gender and family – is insufficient to explain China's success in this period. Hui-lan's Peranakan family background in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) equipped her with the financial assets and cosmopolitan upbringing to shine as a diplomatic wife. And yet, though she benefited from her overseas origins, Hui-lan had an uneasy relationship to her Chinese identity. Concealing the tension in her two autobiographies, Hui-lan later reconstructed her past, emphasizing her patriotism and ethnic Chineseness to befit her established position. Thus, her case also shows how the complicated process of identity rebuilding and selective adaptation played out for elite overseas Chinese women through their engagement with modern China.