bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hazard Study of Sludge from Mining Wastewater Treatment Systems (Tailings), Accumulation of Contaminants and Potential Utilization Proposals
Authors: Malacatus Paúl N. , Manobanda Paulina E. , Romero Inmaculada
Published: December 2024

The increase in gold mining activities has led to a substantial rise in tailings generation, which carry distinct physicochemical and microbiological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the hazardous characteristics of mining tailings using the CRETIB (corrosivity, reactivity, explosiveness, toxicity, ignitability, biological-infectious) methodology. The research analyzed concentrations of heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc, alongside parameters such as pH, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, and coliform bacteria. Tailings samples were collected from a mine in Ponce Enriquez, Ecuador, at the surface and at a depth of 2 m across three monitoring campaigns. The results indicate that the tailings do not exhibit hazardous characteristics according to CRETIB criteria. While arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, and mercury concentrations showed significant differences between the surface and 2 m depth, accumulating at the bottom of the tailings dam by 30–72%, parameters such as pH, cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide were higher at the surface, likely due to volatilization and precipitation effects. Lead did not show significant differences, but also tended to accumulate at depth. These findings suggest that the tailings could be safely utilized in the production of construction materials such as bricks, geopolymer concrete, and fiber cement, promoting circular economy practices and sustainable development in mining.
Building Information Modeling–Life Cycle Assessment: A Novel Technology for Rapid Calculation and Analysis System for Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Bridges
Authors: Yang Yong , Yue Xiaogang , Luo Yongle , Jin Li , Jia Buyu
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of bridge construction, environmental concerns have become increasingly prominent. Low-carbon, green, and sustainable bridge engineering has emerged as an inevitable trend. A comprehensive carbon emission calculation system is key to achieving low-carbon bridges. This study proposes a rapid calculation and analysis system for bridge carbon emissions (Building Information Modeling–Life Cycle Assessment, BIM-LCA). This system, using the bridge information model as a carrier, calculates and manages data on material consumption, machinery, transportation, and energy throughout the bridge’s life cycle. It then calculates the carbon emissions for each stage. This system simplifies the complex and cumbersome data collection and analysis processes found in traditional methods while also making the carbon emissions across the full bridge life cycle more accessible and visible. Being applicable to all types of bridges, this system can provide insights and a basis for decision-making in the early design stages and during construction and operation to support carbon reduction. Ultimately, it promotes low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and sustainable bridge engineering development.
An Efficient OCT Fingerprint Antispoofing Method Based on ResMamba
Authors: Mai Xinyan , Chen Miaohua , Lu Zhaodong , Yang Shengkai , Lan Gongpu , Huang Yanping , Qin Jia , An Lin , Xu Jingjiang , Cai Jing
Published: December 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), known for its noncontact and 3D imaging capabilities, has found widespread application in fingerprint antispoofing detection. However, the existing methods rely heavily on single-frame B-scan images, underutilizing the 3D spatial information inherent in OCT volume data. High computational costs further limit its practical applications. Thus, this study proposes an efficient fingerprint antispoofing method which leverages the spatial continuity of OCT volume data to enhance both the accuracy and computational efficiency. Using an OCT system, we collected 320 real fingerprints and 320 spoofed fingerprints. Then, to distinguish between genuine and spoofed fingerprints, we developed the proposed ResMamba model, which is based on an enhanced 3D convolutional network integrated with a state space model (SSM). We extracted regions of interest (ROIs) from B-scan images and segmented them into volume slices for training and classification. The experimental results demonstrate that ResMamba achieved a 0.56% error rate (ERR) and 99.22% area under the curve (AUC), with an inference time of just 11 ms. Furthermore, compared to the existing models, ResMamba effectively balances its accuracy, inference speed, and model size. Ablation studies confirm that integrating the SIC module enhances the model’s robustness. Overall, ResMamba offers an efficient and reliable fingerprint antispoofing solution, outperforming the traditional methods in terms of its accuracy and performance.
A Symmetric Experimental Study of the Interaction Between Regular Waves and a Pontoon Breakwater with Novel Fin Attachments
Authors: Lyu Xiangcheng , Yang Yifeng , Mi Chenhao , Tang Chi Man , Adeboye Lukman , Farhan Mohamed , Collins Stan , Ou Binjian , Wong Anson , Gordon Duffy John , Huang Luofeng
Published: December 2024

Floating breakwaters are widely applied on the ocean water surface to protect human infrastructure from the destructive power of waves. This study designs and investigates the performance of a novel symmetric-pontoon floating breakwater with a symmetric pair of hydrofoils. Based at the Cranfield Ocean Systems Laboratory, the system was constructed and tested in various wave conditions using different fin configurations. The floating structure was anchored using a symmetric four-point mooring system. The tested waves were regular and symmetric perpendicular to the propagating direction. Key parameters, including the attenuated wave amplitude, motions of the breakwater, and the mooring forces, were measured. The wave parameters utilised for testing covered 1.61–5.42 relative wavelength to structural length, with wave heights of 3 cm and 5 cm. Results showed the 90° fin configuration can reduce wave transmission by up to 74%, with the lowest mooring forces at 3.05 relative wavelength, enhancing the performance of wave energy dissipation and structural seakeeping. At 90° setup, the mooring force was lowest at 2.41 relative wavelength. This research can inform novel designs of breakwaters to improve protection abilities for coastal cities and offshore infrastructures, especially renewable energy systems.
Using Morphological Characters to Support Decision-Making in Nature-Based Solutions: A Shortcut to Promote Urban Plant Biodiversity
Authors: Silva Luz Cíntia Luiza da , Reale Ricardo , Candido Leticia Figueiredo , Zappi Daniela , Locosselli Giuliano Maselli
Published: December 2024

Cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change for their intrinsic characteristics. Imperviousness, heat islands, and pervasive pollution are common urban problems that challenge the current status quo in decision-making. As an alternative, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) arose from the need to tackle environmental issues through multifunctional solutions. Plant biodiversity is at the core of NbS, but such solutions are constrained by the limited knowledge of species benefits for cities, particularly in the biodiverse Global South. In this review, we stress the potential use of morphological characters from taxonomic studies as a shortcut to assess the ecosystem services of plant species. Species description and identification keys can be translated into ecosystem services to support the use of species not yet listed in cities. Bridging the potential for ecosystem service provision and morphological characters like life form, bark, leaf phenology and morphology, and reproductive morphology based on the comprehensive literature will allow decision-makers to widen their options to promote urban biodiversity. Building a platform requires summarizing plants’ ecosystem service knowledge and subsequently validating models’ predictive power. Still, this approach holds great potential to promote urban biodiversity for more resilient and enjoyable urban environments.
Dynamic Geo-Visualization of Urban Land Subsidence and Land Cover Data Using PS-InSAR and Google Earth Engine (GEE) for Spatial Planning Assessment
Authors: Widodo Joko , Trihatmoko Edy , Khomarudin Muhammad Rokhis , Ardha Mohammad , Nugroho Udhi Catur , Setyaningrum Nugraheni , Dinanta Galih Prasetya , Arief Rahmat , Setiyoko Andie , Novresiandi Dandy Aditya , Handika Rendi , Priyatna Muhammad , Sobue Shinichi , Sarah Dwi , Hermawan Wawan
Published: December 2024

The North Java coastal area, known as the Pantura region, is experiencing significant land subsidence, with certain areas sinking up to 10 cm per year. Pekalongan is among the most affected, with subsidence rates between 10 and 19 cm annually, mainly due to groundwater extraction, sediment compaction, and coastal erosion. Other coastal cities, like Semarang and Demak, show rates averaging 4 to 10 cm per year. This rapid subsidence is due to favorable geological conditions and ongoing urban development. This study investigates land subsidence in Pekalongan using the PS-InSAR method and dynamic visualization of time-series land cover data. PS-InSAR was applied to 45 scenes from ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 to monitor subsidence from 2014 to 2022. The results were validated with in situ subsidence benchmarks. Urban development dynamics were analyzed through land cover and land use change (LULC) and population density over the same period, using the GLC_FCS30D dataset in the GEE to detect non-natural LULC. The PS-InSAR results indicated that over 60.9% of investigation points experienced subsidence, up to 100 cm between 2014 and 2022. Ground validation showed an 83% agreement with PS-InSAR results. A statistical analysis of LULC from 2014 to 2022 did not show significant built-up area development, but the extension of salt marshes and water bodies indicated subsidence expansion. The population density reached 6873 people per square km by 2022, causing extensive groundwater use for domestic and industrial purposes, further aggravating the subsidence.
Does Higher Exposure to Green Spaces Lead to Higher Life Satisfaction and Less Leisure Travel? A Case Study of Reykjavík, Iceland
Authors: Raudsepp Johanna , Hasanzadeh Kamyar , Árnadóttir Áróra , Heinonen Jukka , Czepkiewicz Michał
Published: December 2024

Urban areas have a significant impact on climate change, with transport and mobility as one major source. Furthermore, the impact of urban areas on transport extends beyond their own geographic areas, via leisure travel. Research has suggested several mechanisms through which urban areas drive leisure travel, such as social norms, compensation for what is lacking in the urban environment or for the hectic daily life, and cosmopolitan attitudes, all of which increase leisure travel for its expected wellbeing benefits. More research is needed, however, about how the daily exposure to the urban environment affects leisure travel activity and how perceived wellbeing is associated with this. Therefore, this study was set to examine data from a 2017 softGIS survey from Reykjavík, Iceland, to study the connections between urban environment, local mobility, leisure travel, and life satisfaction. The study employs activity spaces as a basis for exposure modeling and canonical correlation analysis for statistical analysis. The results reveal that although exposure to green and gray spaces is important to overall life satisfaction, underlying socio-economic background is more relevant. Further, higher exposure to gray spaces was found to be associated with more emissions from long-distance leisure travel when socio-economic background was included, but it lost importance when attitudinal factors were added. Furthermore, indications of high levels of urban mobility leading to more leisure travel away from the city were found. Although overarching policy recommendations cannot be made, the study suggests having a more citizen-oriented approach in urban planning, particularly for mobility, which could yield benefits for both wellbeing and climate mitigation outcomes.
First Report of Influenza D Virus in Dairy Cattle in Pakistan
Authors: Umar Sajid , Ahmed Aftab , Gulraiz Sajjad Hussain , Muhammad Shaban , Yu Jieshi , Rasool Arslan , Koviazina Renata , Yilmaz Aysun , Yilmaz Huseyin , Anderson Benjamin D.
Published: December 2024

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly emerged zoonotic virus increasingly reported worldwide. Cattle are considered the main reservoir of IDV, although it was first isolated from pigs. IDV infects multiple animal species and contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). To date, there has been no report on the presence and frequency of IDV among cattle herds in Pakistan. In this study, we collected nasal swabs from cattle and performed virological surveillance of IDV via qRT-PCR. Among 376 swab samples, IDV was detected in 9 samples (2.4%). Four dairy cattle farms were positive for IDV; two IDV-positive samples (two/nine, 22.2%) belonged to asymptomatic cattle, while seven IDV-positive samples (seven/nine, 77.8%) were from cattle showing respiratory clinical signs, including two with a recent history of abortion and mastitis. Partial sequences of the hemagglutinin–esterase-fusion gene of IDV were obtained from nine qRT-PCR-positive samples. Notably, all IDV strains in this study clustered within the D/OK lineages in phylogenetic analysis. A 98.8–99.6% genetic identity to its European and US counterparts indicates that the IDVs are closely related. The D/OK lineage of IDV was previously unreported in Pakistan. This is the first report of IDV in Pakistan. We confirmed that IDV is circulating among cattle herds in Pakistan. This study underscores the importance of virological surveillance to monitor the ecology of IDV for better animal and public health. The continued spread of IDV and its adaptation to various hosts necessitate further epidemiological studies.
Case of Fatal Hepatitis Related to HEV-3 Infection in Central Italy
Authors: Borghi Monica , Graziani Alessandro , Marini Daniele , Madonna Elisabetta , Villano Umbertina , Suffredini Elisabetta , Vicenza Teresa , Mataj Elida , Bruni Roberto , Ciccaglione Anna Rita , Camilloni Barbara , Bozza Silvia
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global health problem, causing an estimated 20 million infections annually. Thus, the management of HEV requires special consideration. In developed countries, hepatitis E is mainly recognized as a foodborne disease (mainly transmitted via undercooked meat consumption) that is generally caused by genotype 3 and 4 circulating in various animals, including pigs and wild boars. The current absence of officially recognized protocols for the analysis of HEV in foods and the lack of awareness of this disease among healthcare workers, together with the high percentage of asymptomatic cases, make HEV infection highly underestimated. Most HEV-3 infections in immunocompetent individuals are self-limited. Nevertheless, the possibility of serious forms of liver disease, especially in patients with co-morbidities, should be considered because it can lead to a fatal outcome. Here, we report a case of fatal hepatitis related to HEV-3 infection in a 67-year-old male patient with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD) and living in a region where a high prevalence and genetic heterogeneity of HEV-3 in wild boar has been recently demonstrated. Our case report describes the interdisciplinary approach used (from the diagnosis to the virus phylogenetic characterization) in order to improve epidemiologic HEV surveillance in central Italy.
Comparative Evolutionary Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants in Kuwait
Authors: Alkhamis Moh A. , Hussain Abrar , Al-Therban Fayez
Published: December 2024

Continuous surveillance is critical for early intervention against emerging novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, we investigated and compared the variant-specific evolutionary epidemiology of all the Delta and Omicron sequences collected between 2021 and 2023 in Kuwait. We used Bayesian phylodynamic models to reconstruct, trace, and compare the two variants’ demographics, phylogeographic, and host characteristics in shaping their evolutionary epidemiology. The Omicron had a higher evolutionary rate than the Delta. Both variants underwent periods of sequential growth and decline in their effective population sizes, likely linked to intervention measures and environmental and host characteristics. We found that the Delta strains were frequently introduced into Kuwait from East Asian countries between late 2020 and early 2021, while those of the Omicron strains were most likely from Africa and North America between late 2021 and early 2022. For both variants, our analyses revealed significant transmission routes from patients aged between 20 and 50 years on one side and other age groups, refuting the notion that children are superspreaders for the disease. In contrast, we found that sex has no significant role in the evolutionary history of both variants. We uncovered deeper variant-specific epidemiological insights using phylodynamic models and highlighted the need to integrate such models into current and future genomic surveillance programs.
Evaluation of QuantiFERON-TB Gold for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in HTLV-1-Infected Patients
Authors: Gois Luana Leandro , Carvalho Natália Barbosa , Santos Fred Luciano Neves , Regis-Silva Carlos Gustavo , Figueiredo Thainá Gonçalves Tolentino , Galvão-Castro Bernardo , Carvalho Edgar Marcelino , Grassi Maria Fernanda Rios
Published: December 2024

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) test for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in HTLV-1-infected individuals. HTLV-1-infected participants were divided into four groups: HTLV-1-infected individuals with a history of tuberculosis (HTLV/TB), individuals with positive HTLV and tuberculin skin tests (HTLV/TST+) or negative TST (HTLV/TST−), and HTLV-1-negative individuals with positive TST results (HN/TST+). We compared the diagnostic performance of the QFT assay with that of the TST as a reference and evaluated test sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio. The results showed a higher frequency of positive TST results and induration diameter ≥10 mm in HTLV-1-infected individuals than in the controls. The QFT test was more frequently positive in the HTLV/TB group than in the other groups, while a combined analysis of HTLV/TB and HTLV/TST+ indicated a QFT sensitivity of 57.5%. No significant differences were found in the other diagnostic performance measures, as QFT test results were in agreement with TST results, particularly in TST-negative individuals. Given the low sensitivity of QFT for LTBI in individuals infected with HTLV-1, the TST may be preferable in regions where both infections are endemic.
HIV Replication Under High-Level Cabotegravir Is Associated with the Appearance of 3′-PPT Mutations, Circular DNA Transcription and Recombination
Authors: Wei Xierong , Lipscomb Jonathan T. , Tino Ariana Santos , Cong Mian-er , Ruone Susan , Bentz Meghan L. , Sheth Mili , Garcia-Lerma Gerardo , Johnson Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2024

The HIV integrase inhibitor, dolutegravir (DTG), in the absence of eliciting integrase (int) resistance, has been reported to select mutations in the virus 3′-polypurine tract (3′-PPT) adjacent to the 3′-LTR U3. An analog of DTG, cabotegravir (CAB), has a high genetic barrier to drug resistance and is used in formulations for treatment and long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis. We examined whether mutations observed for DTG would emerge in vitro with CAB. HIV-1IIIB was cultured in paired experiments of continuous high (300 nM) CAB initiated 2 h or 24 h after infection. After eight months of CAB treatment, no int resistance was detected. Conversely, HIV RNA 3′-PPT mutants were detected within one month and were the majority virus by day 98. The appearance of 3′-PPT variants coincided with a rapid accumulation of HIV 1-LTR and 2-LTR circles. RNA amplification from the 3′-LTR TAR identified transcripts crossing 2-LTR circle junctions, which incorporated the adjacent U5 sequence identical to the 3′-PPT mutants. 3′-PPT variants were only identified in LTR circles and transcripts. Additionally, we found evidence of linear HIV and LTR circle recombination with human DNA at motifs homologous to 3′-PPT sequences. HIV persistence under CAB was associated with transcription and recombination of LTR circle sequences.
Evaluation of Individual Impacts of Human Activities on Streamflow Changes Using SWAT Model
Authors: Lee Jeongwoo , Lee Jeong Eun , Kim Chul-Gyum , Chung Il-Moon
Published: December 2024

Understanding streamflow behavior under the influence of climate change and human activities is crucial for developing adaptation strategies and policies for water resource planning and management. However, detecting natural or negligible impact periods is challenging. We aimed to distinguish human impacts on streamflow changes during the affected period using direct data for each human activity by using a hydrological modeling approach in the Gamcheon watershed in South Korea. To this end, a physical-based, semi-distributed hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was applied. The model was set up using climatic and spatial data on watershed characteristics and data on human activities, such as dam operation and water use. Several simulations of runoff, each considering only one human activity, were performed, and the results were compared with those of the naturalized streamflow to determine the individual impacts on changes in streamflow. The combined effects of human activities on streamflow changes were not significant; however, the individual impacts were evident. The 10th lowest flow rate in a year, affected by stream water intake, groundwater pumping, dam operation, and treated sewage water discharge, changed by −13.7%, −54.0%, 34.0%, and 38.4% relative to the natural flow, respectively.
A Review of the Philosophy of Flood Risk Communication and Education: New Insights Informed by Critical Complexity
Authors: Lutz Timothy
Published: December 2024

The approach to flooding in the U.S. is strongly influenced by research and practices that place the responsibility for managing risk on scientific and technical experts. But there is a recognition that the public generally needs to be more engaged and responsible. There is currently a disconnect between the objective knowledge of experts and the more subjective ways in which people experience floods and flood risk. To bridge this gap, I start with a review of the philosophy that informs government policies and the societal worldview. While societal leaders have maintained a mechanistic vision of a world that is ultimately knowable and controllable, scientific understandings have progressed to see the world as complex. Understanding the world as complex implies a need for multiple, mutually supporting knowledges. The philosophy of critical complexity inspired by Paul Cilliers motivates a blending and balancing of complementary objective and subjective understandings, an approach I term complexability. An example shows how data and models utilized routinely by hydrologists can be reoriented to better convey flood risk to the public and provide opportunities for discussion and engagement.
Study on Ice Temperature Fields and Borehole Closure Rates During Thermal Ice Drilling
Authors: Wang Yu , Sun Youhong , Liu Lin , Li Xiao , Li Bing , Li Yazhou , Gong Da , Talalay Pavel , Fan Xiaopeng
Published: December 2024

Thermal ice drilling technology is extensively used in drilling operations such as temperature measurement holes and subglacial water environment investigations in Antarctica owing to its advantages of compactness, light weight, and ease of operation. However, thermal drilling disturbs the initial temperature of the surrounding ice, making it impossible to obtain the true ice temperature through a borehole within a short period. Meltwater refreezing also causes the borehole to shrink and close, posing a threat to drilling safety. Therefore, obtaining an accurate characterization of the temperature field around the hole and assessing the meltwater refreezing rate are crucial for determining the appropriate temperature measurement duration and optimizing drilling parameters. To address this issue, a temperature measurement platform for the ice surrounding the borehole was developed. Experimental investigations were conducted to analyze the temperature fields during thermal drilling using both small-diameter thermal heads and RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) thermal heads. This study clarifies the temperature field changes in the surrounding ice during and after thermal drilling. It also elucidates the effects of parameters such as the ice temperature, thermal head heating power, and thermal head diameter on the temperature field around the hole and estimates the meltwater refreezing rate inside the borehole. The results indicated that the temperature of the surrounding ice peaked approximately 5–7 h after drilling and subsequently decreased and returned to the original temperature within 48 h. The thermal disturbance radius in the surrounding ice was approximately 1.1 to 1.7 times the borehole radius when the thermal head passed through. However, after the thermal head passed, the thermal disturbance radius continued to expand owing to the heat released from meltwater refreezing, reaching 9.7 to 12.5 times the borehole radius. The average meltwater refreezing rate, estimated from temperature measurement tests at −16 °C, was 3.6 mm/h.
An Investigation of Silty Sediment Erodibility Considering the Effects of Upward Seepage and Slope Gradient
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Wang Xiaobei , Liu Yushuang , Han Shuang , Zhao Hongyi
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of extensive erosion of silty submarine slopes in the Yellow River delta has been well documented in numerous studies. Due to poor drainage and high compressibility, silty sediments are particularly prone to pore pressure buildup and accumulated seepage under wave and current action, which can influence sediment erodibility (e.g., the critical bed shear stress and the erosion rate under various bed shear stresses). To date, there remains a lack of parametric formulation to quantitatively characterize the erodibility of silty sediments with the coupled effects of the hydraulic gradient of upward seepage and the slope gradient. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to explore the erodibility of silt sediments from the Yellow River delta under varying hydraulic gradients of upward seepage and slope gradients. The results reveal that both upward seepage and increased slope gradients can enhance the erodibility of silty sediments. Specifically, as the seepage gradient increases from 0.1 to 0.8, the critical Shields parameter required for initiating silty particle motion decreases linearly, with a reduction rate of 0.01 per 0.1 increase in the seepage gradient, independently of changes in slope gradient. Additionally, the erosion coefficient of silty sediments grows exponentially with rising seepage gradients, with its average growth rate accelerating with increasing slope inclination. For flat sediment beds, the erosion coefficient influenced by upward seepage can be up to five times that in the absence of seepage. An empirical formula for calculating the critical Shields parameter and an erosion model incorporating upward seepage gradient and slope effects were developed through multiple regression analysis, providing an experimental basis for numerical simulations of scour in silty submarine slopes under combined waves and currents.
Variations in Present and Future Hourly Extreme Rainfall: Insights from High-Resolution Data and Novel Temporal Disaggregation Model
Authors: Dai Yishu , Abhishek  , Li Lingjie , Gong Yi , Wu Xian , Sheng Bing , Zhao Wenpeng
Published: December 2024

Extreme rainfall-induced events adversely affect agriculture, infrastructure, and socioeconomic development in a region. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of their occurrences and past and future variability in the context of global warming is imperative, especially at the fine temporal (sub-daily) and spatial (local to regional) scales for better contextualizing inferences from a policymaking perspective. This study provides a detailed analysis of global warming’s impacts on extreme rainfall in Jiangsu Province, utilizing the latest high-resolution ERA5-Land reanalysis data and the latest climate models. A novel temporal disaggregation model was developed to predict future hourly extreme rainfall. The results show that the bias-corrected model reduced the overestimation of extremes by as much as ~7.4% for the location parameter and accurately reproduced the spatial variability of rainfall. Projections from eight climate models indicate a future increase in rainfall intensity by an average of over 7%. Moreover, the projections indicate two contrasting trends for different event durations: short-duration events (e.g., 1 h) show a 7.1% increase at the 5-year return period and a more pronounced 8.9% increase at the 50-year return period. Conversely, long-duration events (e.g., 24 h) experience an 8.4% increase at the 5-year return period and a smaller 6.0% increase at the 50-year return period. This suggests that rarer, short-duration events are expected to increase more than less rare ones, while rarer, long-duration events show a smaller increase than their less rare counterparts. Addressing spatial heterogeneity in extreme rainfall patterns provides actionable insights for climate adaptation and mitigation, supporting initiatives like the ‘Jiangsu Province Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan’. This study underscores the need for policy-driven, community-led climate actions to mitigate flood risks and enhance resilience in a region vulnerable to flooding amidst global warming and increasing human interventions.
Valuation of Ecosystem Services of Fluvial Beaches in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Alarcon-Aguirre Gabriel , Del Águila Romero Yesenia , Vela-Dafonseca Mauro , Zevallos Pollito Percy Amílcar , Rodriguez Achata Liset , Ramos Enciso Dalmiro , Cardozo Soarez Jorge , Diaz Revoredo Jorge Luís , Canahuire-Robles Rembrandt , Garate-Quispe Jorge
Published: December 2024

Riverine beaches in the Amazon are valuable ecosystems for local populations, providing areas for recreation and classic beach activities. However, these ecosystems are subject to multiple pressures. The study presents the results of the willingness to pay (WTP) of 518 respondents at two beaches (Hawaii and Bora Bora) in the Peruvian Amazon (Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios). Over 58% of respondents indicated that they would use DAP to maintain beach ecosystem services (BES) beyond recreational use. The amount of payment was an average WTP value of USD 1.41/person/visit for Hawaii and USD 1.34/person/visit for Bora Bora. While factors related to environmental perception had a decisive influence, WTP at beaches was independent of economic factors such as income. The results can support decision-makers with quantitative data on social preferences regarding beach improvement policies in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon.
Assessment of the occupational health risk of workers in the production of mechanical engineering
Authors:   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia, Distanova A. A. , Valeeva E. T. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia, Galimova R. R. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia, Gazizova N. R. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia, Kabirova E. F. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia, Borisova A. I. ,   Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia
Published: December 2024

Most jobs in the automotive industry are characterized by the impact on workers of
the entire complex of harmful production factors: noise, vibration, chemicals, the severity of the
labor process, etc. Calculations of individual risk (IR) make it possible to carry out risk ranking
in the course of research with an analysis of working conditions and health indicators and further
use the data to develop preventive programs. According to the results of this study, high,
medium and low levels of individual occupational risk for employees of various professions
were determined according to the total assessment of the class of harmfulness and danger of
automotive production. It was revealed that the priority is the average level of IR, which was
established in 62.5 % — 77.2 % of workers who are in production conditions of harmful class 3
1–2 degrees of harmfulness. A low level of risk was diagnosed in a small number of employees of all groups. At the same time, in the group of workers in the conditions of a harmful third class
of the 2nd degree of harmfulness, IR indicators corresponding to a high risk were established:
among MSR locksmiths, every third employee had 31,0 %, and in the group of painters and
laboratory assistants, every four th had 25,0 %.
Phenotypic characterization of Satu Mare Tumbler pigeon breed
Authors: Posta János , Juhos Roland
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine morphological characteristics of the tumbler pigeon breed of Satu Mare. This pigeon breed was first described in 1932 and was very close to extinction at the end of the 20th century. Data collection was carried out in two stocks having birds from three breeders (Bertalan Juhos, Cosmin Lupu and Werner Hartmann) in Satu Mare. In addition to the breeder, sex and color variety were also evaluated. The performed conformation measurements were statistically compared using multifactor analysis of variance. Lupu’s birds were longer compared to other breeder’s stock, while beak and wing was longer in Juhos’s stock. Thoracic perimeter was smaller whereas queue length was the longer for Juhos’s birds. Cocks’ values were significantly exceeding values of hens, except beak length. Recessive red pigeons had longer body than blue birds. Beak length of recessive yellow pigeons was significantly longer that it was computed for black birds. Wingspan was longer for dun birds than it was estimated for recessive yellow pigeons. These differences show that there is reasonable genetic variability in the breed which is desired in small populations. Due to the variability within the breed, stabilising selection might be favorable, with a special account for avoiding inbreeding.
Assessment of backfat thickness and its relationship with reproductive performance of sows – preliminary findings
Authors: Motaung Thabang Godfrey , Osotsi Joab Malanda , Gashew Mequanint , Ndunguru Sawadi F. , Novotni-Danko Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Backfat thickness (BFT) is an important trait that influences reproductive performance in sows. This study investigated the relationship between sow BFT at farrowing and the number of live born (LB), stillborn (SB), and Mummies (Ms) in different parities (P) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8). Backfat thickness was measured at point P2 (BFT at the last rib, at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae 3–5 cm from the midline of the spine (mm). In total, 216 sows were measured on day 109 of gestation (when they entered farrowing). Descriptive statistics showed that the mean BFT was 14.55 mm SEM 0.171 SD 2.576. Parity had a significant effect on BFT, with a Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared value of 22.728 (df = 7, p = 0.002). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn's test in R revealed that P1 exhibited a significantly higher BFT than P3 (p = 0.001) and P4 (p = 0.025). Spearman’s correlation coefficient indicated a very weak negative relationship between BFT and LB, whereas there was a strong relationship between BFT and SB and Ms. However, the correlations were not significant p>0.05. This finding suggests that assessing the BFT before farrowing is a helpful tool for guiding sow management and pig production. Additionally, these findings offer data that can be used to inform culling policies.
SYSTEMIC IRREGULARITY PATTERNS IN GRAPHEMIC REPRESENTATION OF E-CHAT SENTENTIAL INITIALISMS
Authors: Lančarič Daniel , Bojo Peter
Published: December 2024

This article stems from Zipf's Principle of Least Effort and Martinet's theory of language economy. We examine sentential initialisms in the sub-standard language of electronic media, verifying the occurrence of 1:1 correspondence between the initialism's lexemic constituents and their graphemic representations. The sentential initialisms in which each constituent lexeme is represented by its initial letter are called canonical. As a part of the research, some regularities are established in forming non-canonical sentential initialisms.
IMPACT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURES ON SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF REACTIVE SPUTTER DEPOSITED NiO FILMS
Authors: Quân Trần Bảo , Tâm Phạm Minh , Bình Nguyễn Khắc , Phương Phạm Hoài , Đăng Ngô Hải , Hằng Phạm Thị Kim
Published: December 2024

Trong nghiên cứu này, phương pháp phún xạ phản ứng được sử dụng để lắng đọng màng NiO trên Al2O3/lam kính ở nhiệt độ 250 °C. Sau đó, màng NiO được ủ ở các nhiệt độ khác nhau trong không khí (300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C, 450 °C, và 600 °C). Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ ủ đến cấu trúc tinh thể, hình thái bề mặt và tính chất quang của màng NiO được nghiên cứu bằng nhiễu xạ tia X, kính hiển vi điện tử quét, quang phổ UV-Vis. Phân tích nhiễu xạ tia X cho thấy màng NiO phát triển theo hướng (111) và (200). Khi nhiệt độ ủ trên 450 °C, đỉnh (200) biến mất và đỉnh mới (220) xuất hiện. Hình ảnh từ kính hiển vi điện tử quét cho thấy sự tăng cường về độ nhám bề mặt và tăng kích thước hạt. Các mẫu đều thể hiện độ truyền qua trung bình trên 65% trong vùng bước sóng 400 - 800 nm, được xác định bằng quang phổ UV-Vis. Năng lượng vùng cấm quang được xác định khoảng 3,467 - 3,658 eV. Kết quả Hall cho thấy màng có điện trở suất cao từ 1,84 ×103 đến 6,15 ×103 Ω.cm, có xu hướng tăng khi tăng nhiệt độ ủ. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này tạo tiền đề cho việc ứng dụng màng NiO cho bộ tách sóng quang UV.
SO SÁNH VÀ LỰA CHỌN CẤU TRÚC HỖ TRỢ MỞ RỘNG KHẢ NĂNG CÔNG NGHỆ CỦA MÁY PHAY KIỂU ROBOT SONG SONG A3 VÀ Z3
Authors: Nhung Nguyễn Thị Trang , Long Phạm Thành
Published: December 2024

Các máy công cụ điều khiển số CNC ba trục thường bị giới hạn khả năng công tác khi gia công các bề mặt không gian ba chiều. Trong trường hợp này người ta thường mở rộng chuỗi động học của chúng bằng cách sử dụng một đồ gá có cấu trúc của một robot song song, được gọi là máy công cụ lai. Trên thực tế khi lựa chọn đồ gá mở rộng này có thể có nhiều hơn một lựa chọn và việc so sánh sự phù hợp giữa các ứng viên theo một loạt các chỉ tiêu khác nhau để chọn được phương án tối ưu thường không đơn giản. Với việc nghiên cứu và so sánh hai cấu trúc được sử dụng phổ biến trong ngành công nghiệp là A3 và Z3, bài báo này đề xuất một giải pháp so sánh các chỉ tiêu liên quan tới góc áp lực truyền. Trên cơ sở đó đưa ra được lựa chọn cấu trúc hỗ trợ mở rộng khả năng công nghệ của máy phay phù hợp nhất. Qua nghiên cứu thấy rằng trong cùng một không gian đối chứng, cấu trúc A3 vượt trội hơn cấu trúc Z3 thông thường, là lựa chọn tốt hơn trong trường hợp này. Phương pháp mà chúng tôi đề xuất ở đây là công cụ phù hợp hỗ trợ cho ra quyết định trong những trường hợp tương tự.
TÍNH TOÁN HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN MẶT TRỜI MÁI NHÀ HÒA LƯỚI THEO NHU CẦU TẢI ĐIỆN, MÔ PHỎNG SO SÁNH VỚI TRƯỜNG HỢP CÓ KẾT HỢP ĐIỀU HƯỚNG MỘT TRỤC NGANG
Authors: Hằng Phạm Thị , Học Lại Minh
Published: December 2024

Trong bài viết này, nhóm tác giả tính toán, mô phỏng hệ thống điện mặt trời hòa lưới theo nhu cầu sử dụng điện trong ngày (24 giờ) 17068 Wh/ngày của hộ gia đình. Ban ngày, khi phụ tải không sử dụng hết điện sẽ phát lên lưới để bán điện góp phần giảm sự phát thải khí CO2 để bảo vệ môi trường và giảm bớt sự thiếu điện cho hệ thống quốc gia. Buổi tối tải tiêu thụ sẽ sử dụng điện từ lưới điện. Tận dụng không gian mái nhà lắp cố định tấm pin. Tính toán, mô phỏng theo tháng 9 để công suất hệ thống điện mặt trời phát ra tối ưu trong ngày, cần lắp hệ thống nghiêng góc cao phía bắc 12o góc thấp phía tây-nam -7o, bức xạ mặt trời hệ thống nhận được trong ngày là tối ưu 4,7 kWh/ngày. Khi lắp cố định ở góc tối ưu kết hợp với điều hướng một trục các tấm pin mặt trời xoay theo vị trí quỹ đạo mặt trời sẽ thu được điện năng lớn nhất 2294,7 kWh/năm. Bài viết chọn trường hợp có kết hợp điều hướng một trục để tính toán, mô phỏng hệ thống điện mặt trời mái nhà theo quỹ đạo mặt trời cung cấp điện cho hộ gia đình ở Đồng Nai, tính đến hiệu suất của các thiết bị dùng điện trong hệ thống, bức xạ mặt trời thấp nhất, kết quả lựa chọn giảm phát thải khí nhà kính 936 tấn CO2 một năm hay 23400 tấn CO2 sau 25 năm.
NGHIÊN CỨU THIẾT KẾ MẠCH TẠO TÍN HIỆU PHÁT CHO RA ĐA XUYÊN ĐẤT
Authors: Anh Phạm Việt , Đại Phạm Cao , Long Đào Ngọc , Nguyên Nguyễn Hoàng , Nhân Nguyễn Văn
Published: December 2024

Trong các ra đa xuyên đất (Ground Penetrating Radar), tín hiệu điều chế xung cực hẹp (ultra-short pulse) có dạng xung Gauss (Gaussian pulse) thường được sử dụng làm tín hiệu phát, và bộ tạo tín hiệu xung phát là một trong những thành phần cốt lõi quyết định tới độ phân giải đối tượng khảo sát và khả năng làm việc của ra đa. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi thực hiện phân tích các phương pháp tạo xung hẹp điển hình như: đi-ốt phục hồi bước; đi-ốt đường hầm; tranzito tuyết lở; công tắc bán dẫn quang dẫn và bộ tổng hợp kỹ thuật số trực tiếp DDS. Từ đó, đề xuất giải pháp thiết kế mạch tạo tín hiệu xung phát dùng cho ra đa xuyên đất, với tiêu chí đơn giản hóa cấu trúc mạch điện, đảm bảo thông số và chất lượng tín hiệu phát. Kết quả thử nghiệm trên mạch mẫu chế thử thu được tín hiệu xung phát đầu ra với các tham số: độ rộng xung đạt 7,8 ns; tần số lặp xung 71,45 kHz; biên độ xung hơn 40V với điện áp nguồn nuôi 10 V. Tín hiệu xung phát tạo ra đảm bảo khả năng phát hiện mục tiêu ở độ sâu đến 20 m với độ phân giải 0,5 m. Giải pháp này cho thấy khả năng điều chỉnh được tham số xung tín hiệu đầu ra với thiết kế đơn giản và chi phí thấp.
NGHIÊN CỨU XÂY DỰNG BỘ LỌC LMS TUYẾN TÍNH ĐỂ KHỬ NHIỄU TRONG XỬ LÝ TÍN HIỆU RA ĐA
Authors: Khánh Mạc Quốc
Published: December 2024

Trong tác chiến điện tử, ước lượng chính xác các tham số tín hiệu đóng vai trò quan trọng giúp nhận dạng đúng các nguồn phát xạ và đưa ra các chế độ hoạt động của nó. Mặt khác, tín hiệu tại đầu vào máy thu bao gồm có các tín hiệu có ích và nhiễu. Chính vì vậy để nâng cao độ chính xác khi ước lượng các tham số tín hiệu, trong bài báo này tác giả nghiên cứu xây dựng bộ lọc tuyến tính thích nghi trung bình (LC-LMS) cho bài toán lọc nhiễu các tín hiệu ra đa. Hiệu quả của bộ lọc LC-LMS được đánh giá qua 2 bước chính: Bước một mô phỏng bộ lọc trên phần mềm MATLAB và so sánh với các bộ LMS và các cải tiến của LMS như: LMS chuẩn hóa (NLMS) hay LMS xấp xỉ (LLMS). Bước 2 kiểm chứng hiệu quả của LC-LMS với các tín hiệu từ máy phát sóng chuẩn E8267D. Kết quả mô phỏng cho thấy bộ lọc LC-LMS có khả năng lọc nhiễu tốt hơn so với các bộ lọc LMS và các bộ LMS cải tiến như: NLMS và LLMS. Ngoài ra, các kết quả thực nghiệm khẳng định rằng bộ lọc LC-LMS thích hợp xử lý các tín hiệu thời gian thực với tỉ số tín/tạp lớn hơn 0 dB.
TĂNG CƯỜNG HIỆU SUẤT TRUYỀN DẪN SÓNG TỪ TRƯỜNG TRONG HỆ THỐNG TRUYỀN NĂNG LƯỢNG KHÔNG DÂY TÍCH HỢP VẬT LIỆU BIẾN HÓA
Authors: Nguyên Bùi Hữu , Tuyên Lê Đắc , Tuấn Tống Bá , Thu Nguyễn Thị Diệu , Anh Hồ Quỳnh , Sơn Phạm Thanh , Việt Ngô Như , Hạnh Vũ Thị Hồng , Tùng Bùi Sơn , Lãm Vũ Đình , Khuyến Bùi Xuân
Published: December 2024

Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi khảo sát quá trình truyền năng lượng không dây thông qua kênh dẫn từ trường được kích hoạt bởi các ô cơ sở trên tấm vật liệu biến hóa (MM). Dựa trên hiệu ứng hốc cộng hưởng tại các ô cơ sở được kích hoạt trên tấm vật liệu biến hóa, từ trường được giam giữ và lan truyền trong kênh dẫn với độ tổn hao nhỏ. Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy hiệu suất truyền năng lượng không dây đạt 72,8% và 42,4% tại tần số 14,5 MHz tương ứng với chiều dài kênh dẫn 4 cm và 16 cm. Ngoài ra, với cấu trúc ô cơ sở đề xuất, hiệu suất truyền năng lượng không dây được duy trì đạt 42,4% khi thay đổi hướng truyền năng lượng 120o, 180o và 240o theo phương trục x với chiều dài kênh dẫn là 16 cm trên bề mặt tấm siêu vật liệu biến hóa. Dựa trên những số liệu đạt được, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tiềm năng ứng dụng trong thực tế của hệ thống như đường sạc không dây cho hệ thống xe điện, hệ thống lưới sạc đa điểm, bàn sạc thông minh thông qua điều khiển cấu hình kênh dẫn.
DỰ ĐOÁN CÁC THÀNH PHẦN HÓA HỌC ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN KHẢ NĂNG ĐUỔI MUỖI CỦA TINH DẦU BẰNG KỸ THUẬT HỒI QUY TUYẾN TÍNH ĐA BIẾN
Authors: Nguyệt Nguyễn Thị Minh , Xuân Nguyễn Thị Minh
Published: December 2024

Các sản phẩm đuổi muỗi cá nhân từ tinh dầu được quan tâm trong những năm gần đây. Tuy nhiên, thành phần của tinh dầu thay đổi theo nơi trồng, theo mùa và công nghệ chiết và thu hồi tinh dầu. Hiểu được thành phần ảnh hưởng chính trong tinh dầu có thể giúp người sản xuất chủ động hơn trong việc tạo công thức. Nghiên cứu này phân tích dữ liệu đã công bố trước đây về thành phần và thời gian bảo vệ khỏi muỗi của 14 loại tinh dầu bằng kỹ thuật hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến. Kết quả cho thấy chavibetol acetate là thành phần ảnh hưởng quan trọng nhất đến thời gian bảo vệ hoàn toàn của tinh dầu. Thực nghiệm cũng cho thấy thời gian bảo vệ hoàn toàn khỏi muỗi Aedes aegypti do tinh dầu lá trầu (Piper Betle) loại giàu chavibetol trung bình là gần 2 giờ ở nồng độ 10%, lâu hơn so với tinh dầu lá trầu giàu eugenol (khoảng 55 phút). Nghiên cứu này đặt nền tảng cho việc xác định các loại tinh dầu có khả năng đuổi muỗi, phát triển các sản phẩm đuổi muỗi hiệu quả và đánh giá chất lượng sản phẩm.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA NỒNG ĐỘ ION Eu3+ ĐẾN CẤU TRÚC VÀ TÍNH CHẤT QUANG CỦA BỘT HUỲNH QUANG LSTO ĐƯỢC CHẾ TẠO BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHẢN ỨNG PHA RẮN
Authors: Xuân Trần Quốc , Phương Lê Thị , Trang Trần Thị Thu , Hà Lê Tiến
Published: December 2024

Bột huỳnh quang LSTO pha tạp ion Eu3+ với nồng độ từ 1 đến 6%, bằng phương pháp phản ứng pha rắn ở nhiệt độ 1200 oC. Vật liệu thu ở dạng đa pha cấu trúc với các pha chính La2SrTiO6, SrTiO3 và La2O3, có kích thước trung bình từ 3 đến 4 µm, có cấu trúc gần như không phụ thuộc vào nồng độ pha tạp Eu. Vật liệu thu được hấp thụ mạnh trong vùng tử ngoại và vùng khả kiến với các đỉnh hấp thụ đặc trưng của vật liệu nền LSTOvới giải CTB ở vị trí 288 nm và các đỉnh kích thích huỳnh quang của ion Eu3+ ở các vị trí 361, 375, 384, 395, 402, 414, 465, 474, 526 và 536 nm. Vật liệu cho phát xạ tốt nhất khi kích thích ở bước sóng 395 nm, tương ứng với quá trình chuyển mức năng lượng của ion Eu3+ từ trạng thái cơ bản 7F0 lên trạng thái 5L6. Khi kích thích ở bước sóng 395 nm bột huỳnh quang phát xạ mạnh trong vùng đỏ - cam, với dải phát xạ từ 575 đến 725 nm, dải phát xạ này là quá trình dịch chuyển trạng thái của ion Eu3+ từ 5D0 về 7Fj (j = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). Hiện tượng dập tắt huỳnh quang do nồng độ của hệ vật liệu được quan sát thấy ở tỷ lệ 5%Eu. Bột huỳnh quang thu được có tiềm năng ứng dụng trong việc cải thiện chất lượng của các WLED khi dùng chíp nUV-LED với bước sóng phát xạ 395 nm.