bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Privilege of The Indonesia Investment Authority in Indonesia Omnibus Law on Job Creation
Authors: Samawati Putu , Sari Shinta Paramita
Published: March 2021

Abstract Economic globalization has an impact on the dynamics of adjusting the legal rules established in Indonesia. One of them is the legal unification format called the Omnibus Law on Job Creation. The Omnibus Law on Job Creation collects laws related to development and investment. The new thing in this law is the formation of a new institution called the Sovereign Wealth Fund. Various privileges are given to an institution called the Indonesia Investment Authority (IIA), ranging from not being held accountable for a loss to being audited only by a public accountant. This article discusses how laws and regulations build the construction of the Sovereign Wealth Fund Indonesia. The main problem that was analyzed is how the position of the Sovereign Wealth Fund in the structure of the Indonesian state institutions, besides that, it also discusses the issue of the authority and responsibility of the Sovereign Wealth Fund as well as the privileges provided by laws and regulations. All of these issues be the scope of discussion that provide an overview of Indonesia's Sovereign Wealth Fund. The discussion was conducted using a normative juridical method through qualitative analysis using a statutory approach and legal philosophy approach. The inductive conclusion is expected to provide input in strengthening IIA construction so as not to get demands for discriminatory treatment by other state institutions, and the goal of being established by the IIA to accelerate national economic development can be realized. Keywords: Privilege, Indonesia Investment Authority, Omnibus Law on Job Creation, Sovereign Wealth Fund.
Investigating language aptitude in the success of adult second language acquisition
Authors: Zólyomi Anna
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted by using mixed methods design to investigate the role of language aptitude in second language acquisition (SLA). The quantitative method involved Hungarian adults (N = 27) of two kinds of schools: a technical school and three different universities. These adults participated in completing the aptitude test called Hungarian Language Aptitude Test (HUNLAT). The qualitative part included an in-depth interview, which was conducted with six participants mainly focussing on their learning habits in order to examine if there is any correspondence between aptitude and language learning habits in this sample. Within this sample, males achieved significantly higher scores on the Grammar analysis task and older students scored significantly higher on three tasks; additionally, they scored significantly higher on the total score of the HUNLAT. Furthermore, those students who scored high on the aptitude test regard themselves to be successful and those who scored low regard themselves less successful language learners. The major pedagogical implication that can be drawn from this particular research is that there are many constructs that may influence language aptitude including language learning habits, motivation, and language learning strategies; thus, EFL teachers may reconsider the role of this construct in SLA.
Gestão da riqueza velha e criação de riqueza nova: uma crítica à Modern Money Theory (MMT)
Authors: Belluzzo Luiz Gonzaga , Raimundo Lício da Costa , Abouchedid Saulo
Published: March 2021

Resumo A discussão sobre política monetária, a moeda e sua natureza voltou ao centro do debate econômico no Brasil e no mundo. No cerne do debate proposto estão questões centrais, como, por exemplo, a da impossibilidade de um governo soberano não honrar dívidas denominadas em sua própria moeda, proposição central da Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), além da colocação em dúvida do que foram, até pouco tempo atrás, pressupostos basilares da teoria econômica convencional, como por exemplo a imprescindibilidade de uma organização da política monetária em torno do estabelecimento de um Banco Central Independente que persiga metas de inflação. Nesse contexto, este artigo possui dois objetivos principais. Primeiro, busca-se identificar com maior precisão as molduras teóricas que sustentam duas visões distintas sobre o que é a moeda em uma economia capitalista plenamente desenvolvida. De um lado, a visão da moeda-mercadoria, que incorpora a construção teórica da economia política clássica; de outro, a moeda vista como uma instituição social, pertencente ao arcabouço teórico de matriz keynesiano-marxista. Segundo, busca-se compreender os principais pressupostos da MMT e seus pontos de convergência e divergência em relação às duas visões supracitadas. A partir da perspectiva keynesiano-marxista, conclui-se que não se sustentam as abordagens teóricas que tratam Estados e mercados como entes abstratos, que operam em cenários ideais, afastados das reais condições econômicas, sociais e políticas do momento presente, dentre as quais se destaca a MMT.
Evolução do padrão de consumo das famílias brasileiras entre 2008 e 2017
Authors: Vaz Daniela Verzola , Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: March 2021

Resumo Entre 2004 e 2014, o Brasil vivenciou forte expansão do consumo popular, graças ao aumento do poder aquisitivo das famílias de baixa renda. Este artigo analisa, pela ótica microeconômica, as modificações no padrão de consumo domiciliar resultantes desse cenário, buscando avaliar em que medida a crise instalada no país a partir de 2014 foi capaz de reverter a melhoria no nível de bem-estar alcançada no período precedente. Para tanto, são analisados os dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF/IBGE) de 2017-2018, comparando-os com os de sua edição anterior (2008-2009). São estimadas as despesas familiares per capita em diferentes categorias, bem como suas elasticidades e razões de concentração em relação à renda, averiguando-se quais tipos de gasto tornaram-se mais (ou menos) concentrados nos relativamente ricos. Especial atenção é conferida às despesas de consumo, tendo em vista sua influência direta no nível de bem-estar das famílias.
Priorities in Protecting the Informational and Cultural Space:a Historical-Geopolitical Interpretation
Authors: Shalak Alexander
Published: March 2021

Being a hallmark of the current epoch, the constant growth of the civilizational consciousness manifests itself in large-scale societies’ urge to protect their historical roots, language and traditional values. This explains the topicality of the problem stated by the author. From the position of the historical-geopolitical approach, the key element in providing national security is control over the country’s infosphere. The content of activities in Russian information ecosystem should be determined by the necessity to protect the cultural core of the Russian civilization and preserve the national identity. Such strategy will be able to provide for a sovereign policy concerning the language and culture, and become the basis for determining the aims and the content of mass media's activities. Retrospective understanding of the historical background helps to formulate the key forms of civilizational control to build up the axiological identity of Russian society. Since external influence on the norms and vocabulary of the language is always aimed at undermining the basis of a civilization, it is vitally important to exercise control by preserving the traditional language and broadening the areal of its usage. It is also crucial to preserve the historical memory and prevent history rewriting and imposing false historic symbols. Besides, formation of civil identity of Russian people based on common values and ethical and religious roots requires pragmatic support of Оrthodox Christianity. The country’s academia is the most important agent of implementing this strategy.
Military Media Discourse of Newspapers during Siege of Sevastopol in 1941-1942
Authors: Ershov Yuri , Cherepanova Tatiana
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a research into military discourse via media texts about the Siege of Sevastopol. The topicality is determined by the insufficiency of studies of newspaper discourse of that period due to scarcity of available original materials. The novelty of the research is explained by introduction of new academic data about the characteristics of «The Krasnyi Chernomorets» paper, whose reporters worked at the battle-lines of Sevastopol offensive till the end of the siege. The characteristics in the focus of the authors’ interest are the spirit and the ideological implications of the media texts, as well as methods of all-out mobilization via the newspapers, and stylistic means of heroics in descriptions of the fighters’ and homefront workers’ behavior. The key method of study is a content analysis of the available original newspaper publications photocopied in the archive of rare editions. The aim was to select articles describing feats or heroic achievements of the military men and citizens of Sevastopol. Having studied hundreds of texts, the authors have also found differences in the set of expressive means used by journalists and reporters of the local newspapers and other media. One of the inferences suggests that periodical press as a social institute features a mechanism of mild self-regulation that enables journalists, in the time of a crisis, to reprogram their functions in order to produce heroics and encourage public consolidation.
Vectors of Argumentative Orientation in the Study of Language Aspects Dynamic of Political Media Discourse
Authors: Barebina Natalia , Kostyushkina Galina , Fang Zhiyong
Published: March 2021

The article presents an attempt to analyze the argumentative constants and variations in the analytical genre of a political media discourse from the point of view of focusing on the formation of different opinions of the audience. This task is solved by using the concept of strategic maneuvering. This concept contains a theoretical tool that allows you to identify violations of dialectical standards of argumentation in the form of rhetorical goals in the author's reasoning. Using the method of random selection, a corpus of examples was formed as fragments of speeches of political leaders. Examples were taken from the website of the Munich Security Conference 2016-2020. An evaluative-critical analysis of theoretical literature has revealed the main characteristics of the political media discourse. It was found that this social practice presupposes an argumentative way of organizing a discourse. The article states that any forms of the analytical genre of the political media discourse presuppose a certain standard of rationality in terms of its logical presentation and the quality of arguments. Using the method of pragma-dialectical reconstruction of the text, the authors illustrate the rational goal of argumentation realized by the speaker. However, the specificity of the genre inevitably leads to the desire of the addressees to present arguments in their favor. This is manifested in the rhetorical analogue of the logical dimension of the text-reasoning. It is concluded that the norm and violations in argumentation show how the language system functions in the formation of vectors of audience attitude.
Criminal Code of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Recent Trends
Authors: Sabitov Timur , Zhilko Irina , Gilyov Artem
Published: March 2021

Criminal law of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is not stagnant, it is developing under the influence of international community, and this dynamics is of special interest for research that analyzes changes to the Criminal Code of the DPRK with the goal of understanding if there is a trend in North Korea for getting closer to the world community. Naturally, the reclusiveness of the DPRK does not make any speedy changes in its criminal policy likely, and we can only expect an evolutionary transformation of the policy in this sphere. At the same time, there is no denying the fact that the criminal law of the DPRK is converging more and more with the international standards. The examination of the CC of the DPRK included the analysis of the following: norms-principles and norms-declarations within the law; the structure of North Korean criminal law; its specific legal institutes; the system of punishments under the CC of the DPRK; the responsibility for some types of crimes under this Code. The current CC of the DPRK, adopted in 1950 and amended fifteen times since then, fits harmoniously with the policy of the DPRK. A study of key clauses of the CC of the DPRK, which reveal the attitude of North Korean lawmakers to universally recognized legal values, showed that there is a clear indication of the DPRK’s rapproachment with the international community. It is evident that the criminal law of North Korea is improving. At the same time, although some trends observed in North Korean lawmaking can be viewed as positive from the standpoint of universally recognized legal values, some of its criminal law’s features still make it impossible to conclude that the country has radically changed its criminal policy.
Theoretical and Legal Aspects of Cyberbulling
Authors: Bochkareva Elena , Strenin Danil
Published: March 2021

The article considers the theoretical and legal aspects of cyberbullying. The relevance of the research topic is connected with the lack of proper scientific study of this problem and the need to consider cyberbullying as an unlawfully socially dangerous act. Based on the study, the author's definition of cyberbullying is proposed. The results of a population survey on bullying on the Internet are presented. The main forms of cyberbullying are considered. One form of cyberbullying is doxing, which is the public disclosure of personal and confidential data via the Internet. The analysis of the motivation of cyber aggressors was carried out and two types of victims of cyberbullying were identified. The main short-term and long-term psychological and physical consequences of victims of cyberbullying are described. The differences of cyberbullying from the traditional forms of bullying are examined, the emphasis is placed on the presence of witnesses, who are divided into groups in the article, based on the roles they play in the bullying process. The current Russian legislation regarding liability for cyberbullying is analyzed. It is noted that in Russia this action is not considered an independent corpus delicti. Basic preventive measures are proposed that can eliminate or minimize the likelihood of becoming a victim of cyberbullying. Emphasis is placed on the need to complicate the registration procedure on social networks, on forums and other Internet resources by linking the profile to a mobile phone number, public services website account, and also specifying the real username or an officially registered nickname, which will eliminate online anonymity and malicious use of assumed names. The international experience of countering cyberbullying and the possibility of using it to improve domestic legislation in this area are considered.
Parate Executie Clause in Mortgage Bond Versus Post-Default Authority to Sell ‒ Business Partners Limited v Mahamba (4568/2016) [2019] ZAECGHC 17 (26 February 2019)
Authors: Reghard Brits
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this note is to consider a case that came before a full bench of the Eastern Cape Division of the High Court in Grahamstown – namely, Business Partners Limited v Mahamba ((4568/2016) [2019] ZAECGHC 17 (26 February 2019)). The case touched on the age-old debate surrounding the validity of parate executie (summary execution or private sale) clauses in agreements that hypothecate property as security for the payment of a debt. Even though such clauses are popular in pledge agreements pertaining to movable property (including the hypothecation of incorporeal movables via a cession in securitatem debiti), this case involved a mortgage bond pertaining to immovable property. Moreover, as explained below, the impugned clause in casu technically was not a parate executie clause but an agreement entered into after the debtor defaulted on a loan.A parate executie clause generally seeks to entitle the secured creditor to dispose of the hypothecated property through a private sale – that is, without going through the normal court processes – when the debtor defaults on payment obligations under the loan agreement. The validity of parate executie clauses has been debated since at least Roman-Dutch times, while the debate has also featured in modern South African case law and literature. More recently a constitutional dimension has been added to (and has revived) the controversy by virtue of the right of access to courts guaranteed in section 34 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). There is also a significant difference depending on whether a pledge of movable or a mortgage of immovable property is involved. It is moreover necessary to distinguish between parate executie clauses included in the bond itself and agreements subsequent to a debtor’s default in terms of which a debtor authorised a creditor to sell the property without having to go through the court processes.In view of the judgment in Business Partners v Mahamba (supra), it is arguably necessary to revisit the matter and to clarify some aspects surrounding parate executie clauses, such as the circumstances under which they are valid and invalid as well as how they differ from similar contractual arrangements between debtors and creditors. It is also necessary to affirm the difference in this regard between pledges of movable and mortgages of immovable property. The case note also comments on the implications, in the residential mortgage foreclosure context, of the difference between parate executie clauses in mortgage agreements, on the one hand, and post-default agreements allowing a creditor to sell the property privately, on the other.
Processo de trabalho de enfermeiras na consulta ginecológica
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo Lima , Cristina Fagundes Góes Ângela
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO: desvelar o processo de trabalho de enfermeiras na consulta ginecológica na estratégia saúde da família. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa realizada com doze enfermeiras de Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família de um Distrito Sanitário de um município baiano. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas. A análise dos dados foi realizada através da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. RESULTADOS: após a análise e interpretação dos dados emergiram duas categorias: Abordagens sobre a consulta de enfermagem ginecológica na ESF; O processo de trabalho de enfermeiras na consulta de enfermagem ginecológica. CONCLUSÃO: a consulta ginecológica faz parte das ações integrantes do processo de trabalho das enfermeiras nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família, contudo, as profissionais não visualizam o seu protagonismo neste atendimento e apresentam práticas limitadas, mostrando uma visão reducionista da assistência. Sobrecarga de trabalho, fragilidade na educação permanente e inadequações estruturais prejudicam o processo de trabalho desses profissionais e a atenção à saúde da mulher.
Thematization of Lecture Courses: V. Bibikhin's Strategies of Thought
Authors: Bogatov Mikhail
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the main methods of thought that Vladimir Bibikhin uses to form the subject field of his lecture courses. The focus is on four such techniques: the combination of the meanings of everyday language (Aristotelian approach), the clash of extreme positions (dialectics without synthesis), the hermeneutic circle, as well as the boundaries of text collection (Bibikhin's moments of silence). At the very beginning of the article, the author analyzes the most “traditional” lecture courses of Vladimir Bibikhin (such as “Philosophy of Law” and “History of Modern Philosophy”), demonstrating their non-standard composition and thematization. The techniques revealed are the result of the practice of “slow reading” of Bibikhin's lectures. There are four main methods: combining the meanings of everyday language (1), the collision of extreme positions (2), the circular, hermeneutic structure of the lecture (3), the composition of the main blocks of thought in abrupt transitions, in silence (4). Bibikhin seeks to suspend the viewer's desire to “define”, to recognize the familiar in the unfamiliar. At the same time, Bibikhin carefully leads his reader and listener between, on the one hand, the businesslike vanity of thinking and, on the other hand, complete indifference and disinterest. As the main principle for avoiding these extremes, Heidegger's “a priori perfect” is put forward, according to which everything “always has already happened”, and therefore the thought is forced to deal with being late to the event of the world.
Piety: the Lost Virtue of Aristotle?
Authors: Makarova Irina
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the problem of piety in the philosophy of Aristotle. It is known that the piety (εὐσέβεια, ὁσιότης) was one of the most important virtues both in the ethos of ancient culture in general, and in philosophical discourse in particular. Moreover, the philosophical understanding of this virtue (starting with Pythagoras, Xenophanes, Heraclitus) often came into conflict with the traditional dogmatic understanding: both sides challenged the right to the only true knowledge of God. In this confrontation, Aristotle occupies a special place. If practically every philosopher of Antiquity (from Thales to Proclus) did not ignore this problem, Aristotle does not even have a very brief mention of piety. Researchers have noted that in Aristotle the piety is not on the list of ethical or dianoetic virtues. However, the idea of piety tends to correlate with the doctrine of god. We know that the Aristotle had elaborated doctrine of god. Therefore, of particular interest is the question of why Aristotle does not discuss the “practical consequences” of correct knowledge about god, i.e. piety. In this article, based on ethical treatises, there is an overview of main versions of why this virtue disappears from Aristotle's field of vision. It is suggested that this virtue is not excluded by Aristotle but is deliberately hushed up. The author of the article considers in what ethical and dianoetic virtues one can find traces of the “lost virtue of piety.
The Young-New as a Space of Occurrence in the “World” by V. Bibikhin
Authors: Smirennikova Elena
Published: March 2021

The article deals with a fragment of a lecture by V.V. Bibikhin, in which eternity is interpreted as a constant renewal, the young-new. The new present, the “now”, makes the preceding present different, thereby turning it into the past. This "now" does not exist in the way of being and is recognized only as the boundary between the past and the future. But it touches us, captures us. The new can't be planned, it can only be allowed, let be. The allowing is a risk, because the unknown will always fall out, something that you cannot prepare beforehand, prepare a way to deal with it. However, in the new we always recognize the same thing. Also to be ready for the new is to be ready for the generosity of being, which gives more and more. Being gives space and time to appear. The non-appeared, the different, seems to us separated with a line, a boundary. And we imagine eternity as something being abroad, beyond the line of time. But for Bibikhin, this is a meeting with the boundary itself, which is different both to what is located on one side of the boundary and to what is on the other. Eternity is not there, “beyond the line”, but here and now: it exists by its absence. Absolutely different, boundary, line, eternity — not just different, but is different, new each time. That is why Bibikhin's eternity is the young-new itself.
Second Readings in Memory of V. Bibikhin: Reflection of the Event: International Scientific Conference
Authors: Tomashevskaya Anastasia , Khan Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

The article presents a review of the international conference Second Readings in Memory of V.V.Bibikhin, organized with the participation of the Institute of Philosophy (Russian Academy of Science) and the Schools of Philosophy and Culturology (HSE), which was held in Bezhetsk on December 10-12, 2020.
Synergy Polemiс
Authors: Akhutin Anatoly
Published: March 2021

The article is based on a speech at the second Bezhetsk readings in memory of V. Bibikhin. This time they were also dedicated to the memory of V. Bibibikhin's friend, Sergey Khoruzhiy, who left in September 2020. They were tied by close friendship and heated polemics. The topic of controversy was, in particular, the Palamite dogma. In this article, I try to identify the source of this controversy within the philosophical problem itself. It is rooted in the Parmenidean definition of the identity of thinking and being and in the Aristotelian concept of energy. It is with Aristotle that the leading theme of V. Bibikhin's philosophizing, the theme of “energy of rest”, is connected. In this “peace”, however, lurk the ontological aporias, clarified by Plato in “Sophist” and “Parmenides”. The solution of these aporias in Neoplatonism leads to the transformation of the meaning of ontological identity. S. Khoruzhiy considers the ascetic practice of the Byzantine hesychasts and spiritual practices in general as the basis of his synergic anthropology. Phenomenological analysis of ascetic experience unfolds the configuration of the “energies of ontological opening” of a person. On this basis, an anthropology of possible constitutions of a person is built in its interconnection with being.
The Eventful Character of Bibikhin's Philosophical Thought
Authors: Romanenko Yuri
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the event-related aspects of V.V. Bibikhin's philosophical activities on the material of his lectures, texts and communication with contemporaries (S.S. Horuzhy, S.S. Averintsev and A.V. Akhutin). The eventfulness of the transfer of knowledge from teacher to student, as well as the unity of thought, word and life are the principles of teaching philosophy derived from the pedagogical experience of V.V. Bibikhin. He was a follower of A.F. Losev and M. Heidegger focusing his thoughts on clarifying ontological problems. Ontological thought is paradoxical in its own nature. This is revealed in the reading and interpretation of Bibikhin's writings, as well as in the evidence of his polemical communication with colleagues. One of the brightest ontological disputes of recent times is the discussion of V.V. Bibikhin and S.S. Horuzhy about the concept of energy which is an essential ontological category. These prominent Russian thinkers had a long-term friendship that included an element of intellectual rivalry. The author calls such communication “friendship in struggle” which has a paradoxical character. The philosophical definition of friendship presented in the book “The Pillar and Statement of Truth” by P.A. Florensky which has an antinomic character is used in the text. The paradoxical event and the polemic nature of V.V. Bibikhin's thought manifests itself in his works and correspondence with friends. The article provides illustrative examples of these moments of his intellectual creativity. V.V. Bibikhin is one of those thinkers who preserve the Russian philosophical tradition in the context of its disputes with other national traditions.
Бизнес и социальное предпринимательство: обзор основных теоретических моделей
Authors: Лебединцева Любовь Александровна , Дерюгин Павел Петрович
Published: March 2021

В статье представлен обзор основных подходов западных авторов к пониманию социального предпринимательства. Исследовательский интерес в этой сфере заключается в выявлении возможных вариантов сочетания коммерческой (деловой) и некоммерческой (благотворительной) активности предприятий в условиях современной экономики. Историческое развитие социального предпринимательства изначально проходило в двух различающихся логиках – англо-американской и западноевропейской (континентальной), – что способствовало возникновению двух разных теоретических моделей. Выявляются характерные черты и сущностные особенности каждой из моделей. Отмечается, что в Великобритании и США издавна существуют традиции предпринимательства населения как эффективного средства решения социальных проблем, в то время как в континентальных странах Западной Европы, в рамках романо-германской системы права, значительную часть решения таких проблем берет на себя государство, хотя католические и протестантские церковные приходы также отчасти выполняли социальную миссию. Исходя из этих различий, складываются разные традиции в развитии организационных, управленческих, ценностных форм социального предпринимательства. Авторами отмечается, что в современных условиях происходит конвергенция двух теоретических моделей, прослеживается формирование универсальной (синтетической) модели, основанной на стирании существенных различий в практиках развития социального предпринимательства. Внимание уделяется анализу современных форм социального предпринимательства, в частности, выявлению ориентаций предпринимательства, его миссии и целей. Анализ исследований показывает, что, с одной стороны, в современных экономических условиях преобладающее большинство социальных предприятий вынужденно или по доброй воле включаются в коммерческую деятельность. С другой стороны, все коммерческие предприятия для достижения долгосрочного успеха и процветания должны в своей деятельности ориентироваться на выполнение социально значимых задач и достижение социального эффекта. Делается вывод, что современное социальное предпринимательство имеет гибридные формы организации, опирается на социально-ориентированную цель (миссию), ориентируется на производство социального изменения и решение социальных проблем посредством деятельности, приносящей доход и построенной на основе использования бизнес-технологий.
Прошлое, настоящее и будущее социальных инвестиций
Authors: Чикова Евгения Викторовна
Published: March 2021

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Некоммерческая активность молодых предпринимателей Санкт-Петербурга в крафтовой сфере
Authors: Ариф Эльвира Маратовна , Кузьминова Тамара Александровна
Published: March 2021

Некоммерческая активность рассматривается в статье как одна из практик социальной ответственности. Подобные практики, в свою очередь, относятся к гибридным формам социального предпринимательства. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили 58 интервью с молодыми предпринимателями, реализующими бизнес-проекты в крафтовой сфере в Санкт-Петербурге. Их некоммерческая активность реализуется с опорой на доступные малым предпринимателям ресурсы: знания, навыки, помещение, продукт (товар, услуга), деньги. Объем ресурсов органичен, т. к. бизнес молодых предпринимателей в крафтовой сфере ориентирован в большей степени на выживание, чем на прибыль. Несмотря на это, предприниматели включаются в некоммерческую активность и вносят свой вклад в изменение равновесия в образовании, молодежной и предпринимательской культуре, экологии и поддержку нуждающихся. Как показал анализ интервью, молодые предприниматели в крафтовой сфере вкладывают разные смыслы в реализуемые некоммерческие активности в рамках своих бизнес-проектов. Одни делают это для пользы бизнеса, вторым важна личная потребность, третьи ориентированы на создание новых норм бизнеса. Включение в некоммерческие активности «на пользу бизнеса» не относится к практикам социальной ответственности, поскольку от некоммерческой активности ожидается символическая прибыль, конвертируемая в реальную. Некоммерческие активности, в основании которых личная потребность предпринимателя или реализация новых норм бизнеса, рассматриваются как практики социальной ответственности. В первом случае ставка делается только на личную инициативу владельца, который прикладывает усилия, но не требует того же от других. Во втором – ценности индивидуального биографического проекта сливаются с миссией предпринимательского и предполагают изменение норм бизнеса, т. е. другие люди тоже вовлекаются в этот процесс. Трансформация норм бизнеса делает возможным масштабирование предпринимательского проекта и создание новых бизнес-сообществ на основе открытого горизонтального взаимодействия. Практики социальной ответственности молодых предпринимателей, таким образом, меняют устоявшееся равновесие как в выбранной социальной сфере, так и в бизнесе.
Молодежь нового рабочего класса как объект государственной социальной политики и инвестирования
Authors: Бочаров Владислав Юрьевич , Гаврилюк Татьяна Владимировна
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается необходимость социальных инвестиций в молодежь нового рабочего класса как социальную группу, составляющую основной социальный резерв развития отечественной экономики. Рабочая молодежь рассматривается как гетерогенная группа, в которой выделяются три социальных типа, имеющих специфические запросы относительно приоритетных направлений социального инвестирования. Эмпирическое исследование проведено в 2018 г. с использованием количественных методов. Молодежь рассматривается на пересечении трех стратификационных признаков: социального класса, гендера и возраста. Концептуальным основанием исследования являлась теория баланса / конфликта рабочего и свободного времени. Проведенный факторный анализ позволил выделить две группы факторов, влияющих на восприятие баланса работы и личной жизни среди молодежи нового рабочего класса: факторы удовлетворенности работой и факторы достаточности / дефицита свободного времени. Гипотеза исследования состояла в том, что указанные факторы отражают состояние баланса/конфликта между работой и личной жизнью респондента и могут выступать в качестве типообразующих признаков дифференцирования рабочей молодежи на три самостоятельных кластера. На основе полученных факторов был осуществлен кластерный анализ и выделены три социальных типа с учетом предварительно разработанной априорной типологии моделей экономического и трудового поведения рабочей молодежи: «зарабатывающие», «выживающие», «адаптированные». Каждый из этих типов рабочей молодежи обладает особыми трудовыми стратегиями и ценностными приоритетами. Полученная типология позволила обозначить целевые направления социального инвестирования в человеческий капитал для каждого из социальных типов молодежи нового рабочего класса. На уровне программ муниципальных образований направления молодежной социальной политики могут конкретизироваться с учетом территориальной, отраслевой, гендерной и возрастной специфики рабочей молодежи, проживающей на территории данного муниципалитета. В первую очередь, необходимы программы поддержки и социального инвестирования молодых женщин нового рабочего класса, положение которых на рынке труда наиболее уязвимо, а материальное благосостояние, как правило, ниже, чем у мужчин.
Significant improvement of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Melanin Precursors (QIAPI 1®). Case Report
Authors: Arturo Solís Herrera , María del Carmen Arias Esparza , Martha P Solis-Arias
Published: March 2021

Age-related macular degeneration is the first cause of blindness in cold countries in the last 70 years ago or more. In spite expensive therapeutics strategies like intraocular injections, so far, the incidence and prevalence of ARMD cannot be improved significantly. In this case report, we demonstrate that melanin is a fundamental part of macular biology and once is attended the recovery both anatomical and functional is significant.
Reflection as a Component of an Intercultural Educational Project: Case Study in the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Zhukova Arina , Kudoyarova Tatiana ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Leonov Ivan ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Budnik Ekaterina ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: March 2021

The abstract should provide a comprehensive summary of the work performed, including the motivation of the research, aim of the research, methods of the research, main results of the research, contribution to the theory and practice of the research. For nine years, the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute has been successfully using the educational and teaching technology - intercultural educational project (IEP) - in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The goal of the project is to ensure intercultural communication among all the participants: foreign students and Moscow schoolchildren. During this project, the audience gets acquainted with the differences between languages and cultures. The specifics of this format of educational and design activities is determined by the relevant factors: the collaboration of foreign students studying Russian, and the other -, native speakers of the Russian language and culture. For the Moscow schoolchildren, the project is a part of their training activities, for the students – an extracurricular educational event. Also, the project concept assumes that both students and children can also become more familiar with (for example, Finland and Vietnam, etc.) each other's cultures. During the implementation of this technology, representatives of 34 countries took part in it, as well as more than 5,000 Moscow schoolchildren and teachers. The components of reflection are the ability to comprehend the mechanisms that contribute to obtaining certain results; ability to analyze personal cognitive opportunities. Reflection in the educational process implies a thoughtful or sensually experienced process of awareness by the subject of his academic activities. The article aims to present the reflection component of IEP that the authors of the article draw special attention. Participation in the preparation and implementation of activities that demonstrate the results of students' reflection, reflects the availability of intercultural communication at different levels of language proficiency, enables participants to feel confident in their abilities, motivate them, and increase the effectiveness of language learning. Authors hope that theoretical and practical aspects will contribute to the methods of teaching any foreign language. Keywords: reflection, intercultural communication, educational technology, international educational project
test_CB v1
Authors: Briggs Christine
Published: March 2021

This is a test.
Koroner Arter Hastalığı Yaygınlığı’nın RDW ile İlişkisi
Authors: ÖZGÜL Ufuk , GÜNEŞ Hakan , ÖZTÜRK Bayram , YILMAZ Ahmet
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı akut koroner sendromlu (AKS) hastalarda aterosklerotik hastalığın yaygınlığını göstermek için kullanılan GENSİNİ skoru ile eritrosit dağılım hacmi arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya AKS tanısı ile koroner anjiografi işlemi yapılan 359 hasta alındı. Hastaların anjiografik görüntüleri analiz edilerek GENSİNİ skorları hesaplandı. Hastalar GENSİNİ skoru<20 ve ≥ 20 olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Bu iki grubun demografik, klinik ve labaratuvar parametreleri karşılaştırıldı ve GENSİNİ skor yüksekliğini predikte eden değerler araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 359 hastanın 104 kadın hasta, 255 erkekti. GENSİNİ skoru <20 olan hastası sayısı 69 iken, GENSİNİ skoru ≥20 olan hasta sayısı 290 idi.Eritrosit Dağılım Genişliğinin (RDW) GENSİNİ SKORU ≥20 olan grupta daha yüksek olduğu görüldü.( 13.7±0.9 ve 14.2±1.4 p=0.001).Yapılan korelasyon analizinde RDW ile GENSİNİ skoru arasında pozitif korelasyon izlendi (r :0.137 p.009).Yapılan multivaryant analizde RDW nin GENSİNİ skorunun bağımsız prediktörü olduğu görüldü.( OR:1.417, %95 CI(1.037-1.935) p= 0.029)
Sonuç: AKS ile başvuran hastalarda kolay ve ulaşılabilir bir parametre olan RDW atreosklerotik kalp hastalığının şiddeti ile korele olup aterosklerotik kalp hastalığının prediktörü olarak kullanılabilir
Transparency in EU Trade Policy: A Comprehensive Assessment of Current Achievements
Authors: Marx Axel , Van der Loo Guillaume
Published: March 2021

The EU trade policy is increasingly confronted with demands for more transparency. This article aims to investigate how transparency takes shape in EU trade policy. First, we operationalize the concept of transparency along two dimensions: a process dimension and an actor dimension. We then apply this framework to analysis of EU Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). After analyzing transparency in relation to FTAs from the perspective of the institutional actors (Commission, Council and Parliament), the different instruments and policies that grant the public actors (civil society and citizens) access to information and documents about EU FTAs are explored by discussing Regulation 1049/2001, which provides for public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents, and the role of the European Ombudsman. The article is based on an analysis of official documents, assessments in the academic literature and case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The ultimate aim is to assess current initiatives and identify relevant gaps in the EU’s transparency policies. This article argues that the EU has made significant progress in fostering transparency in the negotiation phase of FTAs, but less in the implementation phase.
Editorial: Access or Excess? Redefining the Boundaries of Transparency in the EU’s Decision-Making
Authors: Kelbel Camille , Marx Axel , Navarro Julien
Published: March 2021

Over the last decades, transparency has featured prominently among the European Union’s (EU) efforts to democratize and legitimize its governance. This shift toward transparency has taken many forms and, as the contributions to this thematic issue show, these different forms have evolved significantly over time. Yet, initiatives to enhance transparency have often been blamed for limiting the efficiency of the decision-making process or leading to suboptimal policy outcomes. Consequently, the debate has shifted to whether transparency would be excessive in that it would undermine the EU’s capacity to deliver through political arrangements. This editorial presents this transparency–efficiency dilemma, which the different contributions to this thematic issue analyse further.
Pengemas Kertas Aktif Dengan Penambahan Minyak Atsiri Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc)
Authors: Hasbullah Umar Hafidz Asy'ari , Afinda Safira Firdausi Putri , Nurlaili Enny Purwati
Published: March 2021

Kertas aktif merupakan salah satu pengemas ramah lingkungan yang mampu memperpanjang umur simpan produk. Bahan aktif yang bisa ditambahkan kedalamnya ialah minyak atsiri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan minyak atsiri jahe terhadap sifat fisik, sensoris, antioksidan, dan antimikrobia. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan konsentrasi minyak atsiri jahe 0%, 0,1%, 0,3%, dan 0,5%. Pembuatan kertas aktif diawali dengan membuat larutan aktif yang diformulasi dengan minyak atsiri jahe. Kemudian disemprotkan pada kertas saring sehingga diperoleh kertas aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak atsiri jahe berpengaruh nyata pada laju transmisi uap air (WVTR) kertas aktif terhadap kontrol. Semakin meningkat konsentrasi minyak atsiri menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan kertas aktif. Penambahan minyak atsiri jahe berpengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas aroma. Penambahan minyak atsiri jahe berpengaruh nyata terhadap antioksidan dan antimikroba kertas aktif. Aktivitas antioksidan dalam kertas aktif mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi minyak atsiri jahe. Perlakuan penambahan minyak atsiri jahe 0,5% memiliki WVTR 10,15 g/m2/jam, ketebalan 0,366 mm, intensitas aroma sedang, aktivitas antioksidan 22,62% dan menghasilkan zona hambat antimikroba 8,27 mm.
Study of Relationship between Professional-Value Orientations and Volitional Qualities in Cadets of Educational Institutions of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Authors: Samoylik N.A.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of an empirical examination of the relationship between the volitional qualities and professional and value orientations of the future officers in the penitentiary field. The sample consisted of 298 cadets enrolled in a departmental institution of higher education of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The diagnostics was performed using following techniques: "Diagnostics of Professional and Value Personality Orientations" (by N.A. Samoylik) and "Diagnostics Questionnaire of Volitional Personality Qualities" (by M.V. Chumakov). From the obtained results it was concluded that irregardless of one's personal type of professional and value orientations, cadets are distinguished by volitional qualities, such as responsibility, determination, self-reliance, tenacity, persistence and firmness of purpose. The links revealed reflect a general tendency to officers' professional development, which lies in a specifically organized process of acceptance and understanding of the key values of their future service. These results can be used in individual counseling and training courses aimed at the formation of professional values and predicting the career of the future professionals of the correctional facilities.
Self-realization in Officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Authors: Burtsev A.O. , Efimkina N.V. , Kudinov S.I. , Pozin A.I.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the research data of the professional self-realization in the internal affairs officers of the Russian Federation. Also the study provided the data of a survey carried out among some internal affairs officers from the subdivisions of Moscow Head Office of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The respondents specified the motives and the work context that led them to resignation from service. The study shows how the notion of self-realization is defined in the international and in Russian Psychology. The work also contains the findings of average values of structural components of personal self-realization and the factor analysis of the data obtained. 190 officers (non-commissioned and commissioned officers with 2-15 years of service) from the structural subdivisions of the Moscow Head Office of the Ministry have been examined. Several conclusions can be drawn from the results of the examination. Firstly, the examined officers of this group mostly have not only a good idea of their ambitions, but they also have the ability to fulfill them. The officers are efficient and at the same time optimistic, they can redistribute their resources. They are distinguished by the yearning for their personal growth, professional excellence and social recognition. Secondly, the respondents' motivational sphere has certain contradictory elements. On the one hand, they have their own personal motives ensuring their career advancement (financial independence, prestige and power). On the other hand, they accept the socially upheld motives (to make a significant contribution to their collective accomplishment, to improve relationships among their colleagues etc.). At the same time, the socially upheld motives are considerably more prevalent (at a fairly high level of statistical significance p≤0.0002).
Russians' Subjective Assessment of their Personal Psychological and Legal Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tuzova O.N. , Stepanova D.N.
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to reveal how individuals assess and view their psychological and legal safety in the time of the pandemic. We assumed that the way Russian citizens assess their personal psychological and legal safety is determined by social and psychological factors such as their age, gender, social standing. In order to achieve this objective we prepared a questionnaire. 740 individuals (278 males and 462 females between the ages of 10 and 80) took part in the study. It has been established that the majority of the respondents assess their own psychological safety as average (47.3%) and their legal safety as high (42.4%) and are ready to assume upon themselves the responsibility for their own security in the pandemic (47.9%). The subjective evaluation of one's personal psychological and legal safety involves one's gender (p≤0.01), age (p≤0.01) and social status (p≤0.01). The results of the research form the basis for the design of programs for psychological and legal assistance to the vulnerable categories of citizens.