bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Discharge Characteristics and Fire Risk of Mobile Phone Batteries according to the Concentration of Salt Water
Authors: Woo Jin-Su , So Soo-Hyun
Published: March 2020

The process of discharging batteries using salt water, when used for the disposal of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, is likely to cause a fire. However, there is a dearth of studies in the literature on the risk of fire while discharging mobile phone batteries in salt water. In order to investigate the possibility of fire by elucidating the discharge characteristics and the generation of heat, we conducted experiments by varying the concentration of the salt water, number of overlapping batteries, and type of the mobile phone batteries used as experimental specimen. The discharging voltage and the temperature of the batteries were measured, and the fire risk was predicted by analyzing the data. The results of the experiment showed that the higher the salt water concentration, the greater the discharge value of the mobile phone battery and the higher the exothermic temperature. Moreover, the exothermic temperatures of the overlapping batteries were higher than that of the single battery submerged in salt water. The highest exothermic temperature points of the battery occurred at the positive and negative poles.
A Study on the Improvement of Methodologies for Establishing a Vulnerability Classification of Chemical Terrorism in Public Facilities
Authors: Joo Sun Ho , Kim Si-Kuk , Hong Sungchul
Published: March 2020

Chemical terrorism using toxic and flammable gases, which could be fatal to the health of the human body, poses a serious threat to the security of most advanced countries, as well as those that are suffering from local disputes, due to the asymmetric information that exists between terrorist actors and victims. The countermeasures against chemical terrorism can be roughly divided into three stages: prevention, response, and probation. The critical factors for each professional response agency, and the personnel that determine the degree and range of chemical terrorism damage, are performing missions successfully in the process of the prevention and the response stage against chemical terrorism. To do this, conducting objective and systematical assessments on facilities that could potentially be the subject of chemical terrorism is more important than anything. In this study, we compared the existing domestic and foreign vulnerable classification systems for chemical terrorism, reviewed the current direction of improvement in domestic classification systems, and suggested more scientific and systematic methodologies through the vulnerability assessment on an actual public facility sample.
Effects of Strain and Skip-a-day Feed Restriction on Carcass Characteristics of Cocks at 16th Week of Age
Authors: Fasuyi Ayodeji , Simeon Olawumi , Ogunlade Taiwo , Adegun Kikelomo , Alamuoye Oluwatoyin , Adeusi Adebolu
Published: March 2020

Feed restriction has been described as a management tool to limit birds’ access to feed in order to reduce feed cost without compromising their health and meat products. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of strain of cocks and feed restriction at different ages on carcass characteristics. The study was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria for a period of 16 weeks. A total number of 180 day-old cockerels of two strains comprising Black and White plumage (90 chicks each) were procured to examine and compare their carcass characteristics. At 6th week of age, the birds were randomly distributed into four treatments with three replicates for each strain. The treatments are, T1: control (ad libitum), T2: feed restricted from 6th -7th week, T3: feed restricted from 8th -9th week and T4: feed restricted from 10th -11th week. Data collected at 16th week of age include live body weight, bled weight, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, breast weight, back muscle weight, drumstick and thigh weights. Analyzed results showed that live weight and carcass weights were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by strain. Both strains recorded similar mean values. With regard to feed restriction, no significant (P > 0.05) effect was found for live weight and most traits with the exception of bled weight, breast muscle weight and thigh weight. However, the control and 6th week restricted birds recorded superior mean values in such cases. The study indicates that the two strains are good for increased meat production and revenue generation, while the 6th week feed restriction is suggested for maximum productivity and profit.
Psychoactive Substance and Psychopathological Symptoms among Nigerian Secondary Schools Adolescents
Authors: Onisile Deborah O. , Akpunne Bede C. , Alakija Oluseyi A.
Published: March 2020

Aim: Abuse of psychoactive substances among secondary school adolescents is a huge problem globally. This study examined the influence of psychoactive substance use on psychopathological symptoms among secondary school adolescents in Ede, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design.             

Place of Study: Redeemer’s University Ede Osun state, Southwestern Nigeria.

Methodology: Four hundred and ninety-six (496) secondary school adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) were purposively selected from five secondary schools in Ede metropolis. Substance Abuse Inventory (SABI) and Awaritefe Psychological Index (API Form-X) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Four hypotheses were tested using a Regression Analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent Sample t-test and at 0.05% level of significance.

Results: A high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms was observed among the participants. Psychoactive substance use was observed to jointly and significantly predict psychopathological symptoms (R² = .106, p = .001). Sex has significant influence on manifested psychopathological symptoms with female adolescents reporting higher mean scores on insomnia, intellect disorder, heat disorder, mood disorder, alimentary track disorder and general psychopathology. Age was observed to be inversely correlated with psychopathological symptoms. Significant difference was found between drug users and non-user on severities of psychopathological symptoms.

Conclusions: This research finding indicates a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms; that the use psychoactive substance is significantly linked the psychopathological symptoms and that age of involvement in psychoactive substance is also a significant risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents.
Individual differences in the preference for worked examples: Lessons from an application of dispositional learning analytics
Authors: Tempelaar Dirk T. , Rienties Bart , Nguyen Quan
Published: March 2020

Worked‐examples have been established as an effective instructional format in problem‐solving practices. However, less is known about variations in the use of worked examples across individuals at different stages in their learning process in student‐centred learning contexts. This study investigates different profiles of students' learning behaviours based on clustering learning dispositions, prior knowledge, and the choice of feedback strategies in a naturalistic setting. The study was conducted on 1,072 students over an 8‐week long introductory mathematics course in a blended instructional format. While practising exercises in a digital learning environment, students can opt for tutored problem solving, untutored problem solving, or call worked examples. The results indicated six distinct profiles of learners regarding their feedback preferences in different learning phases. Finally, we investigated antecedents and consequences of these profiles and investigated the adequacy of used feedback strategies concerning ‘help‐abuse’. This research indicates that the use of instructional scaffolds as worked‐examples or hints and the efficiency of that use differs from student to student, making the attempt to find patterns at an overall level a hazardous endeavour.
DEA proposal for mobile methadone finally released
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2020

The federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has issued a long‐awaited proposed rule that would allow opioid treatment programs (OTPs) — treatment programs that use methadone — to transport the medication to patients via “conveyances” (such as vans). This means that patients would no longer have to go to the brick‐and‐mortar OTP.
A Movable Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator Fabricated Using a Pencil Lead for Self‐Powered Locating Collision
Authors: Xie Xiaoyu , Zhang Hulin , Khan Saeed Ahmed , Gao Min , Lin Yuan
Published: March 2020

The configurations of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are usually determined by their specific applications. The immobility of triboelectrodes limits the TENGs’ possible application in dynamic sensing. A subtle novel TENG composed of a movable pencil lead electrode is reported herein. The electricity can be extracted from the pencil lead, by touching an arch‐shaped unit, irrespective of whether the touched surface is the polymer layer or metal foil. It is found that the TENG device can deliver the maximal voltage of 2.37 V at the vibration frequency of 8 Hz. Moreover, due to the high sensitivity to collision/pressure, a sensor array system made of four TENG units is constructed to demonstrate the potential locating application. With the assistance of a self‐made testing program, the TENG array illustrates the capacity of self‐powered locating collisions that is independent of external power sources. Herein, not only TENG‐based devices’ diversity is promoted but also a new active locating route that greatly boosts the development of intelligent interaction is presented.
Multifunctional Superwetting Composite Coatings for Long‐Term Anti‐Icing, Air Purification, and Oily Water Separation
Authors: Xiao Zhen , Zhu Haiyan , Wang Shanlin , Dai Wenzhe , Luo Wen , Yu Xinquan , Zhang Youfa
Published: March 2020

It is an important tendency to develop a durable superwetting coating for potential applications. However, its application, integration and evaluation mechanism in specific application environments are still inadequate toward practical applications. Herein, a universal approach to fabricate ultra‐stable and multifunctional superhydrophobic composite coating with superoleophobicity or superoleophilicity using cross‐linked composite resin as reinforcement is reported. The nano‐porous structure with extremely low surface energy is endowed with excellent mechanical stability, to greatly extend service life in the anti‐fouling, anti‐icing, air purification, and oily water separation fields. The anti‐icing tests show that the ice shear force is still below 20 kPa after the 200th finger wear, 30th abrasion tester wear, or 20th freeze–thaw cycle. For air purification, the weight increments from steam and dust are only 7.1% after moisturizing 240 min and 8% after filter‐cleaning five cycles, respectively. Moreover, the crude oil flux reaches up to 53 629 L·m−2·h−1 on the stainless steel wire treated with superhydrophobic–superoleophilic composite coating, and its separation efficiency is still above 99.5% after separating 55 cycles. These multiple key properties that have been integrated into the composite coating are expected to promote the superwetting coating to be used in everyday life and industry.
Circular Polarization Discrimination Enhanced by Anisotropic Media
Authors: Chu Zeshi , Zhou Jing , Dai Xu , Li Fangzhe , Lan Mengke , Ji Zhaoyu , Lu Wei , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: March 2020

Circular polarization discrimination is desired for use in many optoelectronic applications. By integrating asymmetric metamaterials with active materials, circular‐polarization‐discriminative light–matter interaction can be realized. Nevertheless, the circular polarization extinction ratio for absorption of the active materials, typically below 2.5, needs to be improved. Here, it is revealed that the integration of an asymmetric metamaterial with an anisotropic material can drastically enhance the circular polarization extinction ratio by six to ten times. This enhancement is attributable to a double polarization selection mechanism. This discovery is important to circular‐polarization‐discriminative optoelectronics since anisotropic optoelectronic materials are easy to find. It is demonstrated that asymmetric metamaterial‐integrated quantum wells (anisotropic) exhibit a circular polarization extinction ratio of 14 in the long‐wave infrared regime, compared with the value of 1.3 for the same integrated HgCdTe (isotropic). Similarly, the asymmetric metamaterial‐integrated InAsSb nanowire array (anisotropic) exhibits a circular polarization extinction ratio of 12.6 in the mid‐infrared regime, compared with the value of 1.7 for the same integrated InAsSb bulk (isotropic). The absorptance of the anisotropic material in the composite structure is also significantly enhanced.
Brush‐Paintable, Temperature and Light Responsive Triple Shape‐Memory Photonic Coatings Based on Micrometer‐Sized Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymer Particles
Authors: Belmonte Alberto , Pilz da Cunha Marina , Nickmans Koen , Schenning Albert P. H. J.
Published: March 2020

In this work, light and temperature responsive, brush‐painted photonic coatings exhibiting three different colored and surface topographical states are reported. The different states arise from the use of cholesteric liquid‐crystalline micrometer‐sized polymer particles as shape‐memory photonic pigments that are dispersed in a shape‐memory binder. The first temporal state is induced by compressing the photonic particles at high temperature, resulting in blueshift of the structural color. The second temporal state is obtained by embossing a diffractive grating on the surface at an intermediate temperature leading to a relief topography and a rainbow optical effect. Both optical and surface topographical changes coexist and are stable at room temperature until they are reverted independently either by heating or locally by light illumination. Multicolored paints that reflect selectively left‐handed or right‐handed polarized light are developed to create arbitrary polarization‐dependent multicolor and topographical brush‐painted patterns. These temperature and light responsive triple shape‐memory photonic paints have potential applications as battery‐free optical sensors, responsive decoration, and smart adhesives.
Membrane Environment Enables Ultrafast Isomerization of Amphiphilic Azobenzene
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe Maria , Colombo Elisabetta , Vurro Vito , Lodola Francesco , Cimò Simone , Sesti Valentina , Molotokaite Egle , Bramini Mattia , Ganzer Lucia , Fazzi Daniele , D'Andrea Cosimo , Benfenati Fabio , Bertarelli Chiara , Lanzani Guglielmo
Published: March 2020

The non‐covalent affinity of photoresponsive molecules to biotargets represents an attractive tool for achieving effective cell photo‐stimulation. Here, an amphiphilic azobenzene that preferentially dwells within the plasma membrane is studied. In particular, its isomerization dynamics in different media is investigated. It is found that in molecular aggregates formed in water, the isomerization reaction is hindered, while radiative deactivation is favored. However, once protected by a lipid shell, the photochromic molecule reacquires its ultrafast photoisomerization capacity. This behavior is explained considering collective excited states that may form in aggregates, locking the conformational dynamics and redistributing the oscillator strength. By applying the pump probe technique in different media, an isomerization time in the order of 10 ps is identified and the deactivation in the aggregate in water is also characterized. Finally, it is demonstrated that the reversible modulation of membrane potential of HEK293 cells via illumination with visible light can be indeed related to the recovered trans→cis photoreaction in lipid membrane. These data fully account for the recently reported experiments in neurons, showing that the amphiphilic azobenzenes, once partitioned in the cell membrane, are effective light actuators for the modification of the electrical state of the membrane.
First generation of translucent monoliths for photochemical applications
Authors: Jacobs Mathias , Kayahan Emine , Thomassen Leen C.J. , Kuhn Simon , Leblebici M. Enis
Published: March 2020

Monolith structures are a common method to scale flow chemistry tools up to industrial throughput. Internally illuminated monolith reactors (IIMRs) were their versions for photochemistry. The channels inside the monolith were illuminated with optical fibers coated with a photocatalyst such as TiO2. The majority of the light in an IIMR was however not utilized to illuminate the reaction medium. Furthermore, the monolith was always made of opaque materials, making it impossible for unabsorbed light to illuminate other channels, lowering the photochemical space‐time yield (PSTY), a benchmark for the overall energy efficiency of a photoreactor. In this paper, the potential of a translucent monolith structure for scalable photochemical process design was tested. Due to the translucent nature of the monolith, there was no need for optical fibers or multiple light sources to provide the necessary photon flux and distribution. There has never been a study of translucent monoliths in the open literature and no design parameters have been investigated. This research studies the first translucent monoliths and their design principles by varying the channel size, channel distance as well as the amount of unit cells with a ray tracing algorithm in COMSOL Multiphysics. A model was developed, validated and used to design a monolith for the photodegradation of micropollutants in a case study. A theoretical improvement of seven orders of magnitude in PSTY was obtained compared to IIMRs making this reactor design a promising candidate for more efficient photochemical processes.
Polymer Zwitterions for Stabilization of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Kim Hyunki , Hight‐Huf Nicholas , Kang Ji‐Hwan , Bisnoff Phoebe , Sundararajan Suvin , Thompson Theo , Barnes Michael , Hayward Ryan C. , Emrick Todd
Published: March 2020

Functional polymers with sulfobetaine or phosphorylcholine zwitterions as pendent groups are demonstrated as both ligands and host matrices for CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles (PNPs). These polymers produce nanocomposite films with excellent NP dispersion, optical transparency, and impressive resistance to NP degradation upon exposure to water. Multidentate interactions of the zwitterion‐containing copolymers with the PNPs induce dispersed or weakly aggregated nanocomposite morphologies, depending on the extent of zwitterionic functionality in the polymer. Incorporating additional functionality into the polymers, such as benzophenone pendent groups, yields lithographically patternable films, while time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements provide insight into the electronic impact of PNPs in zwitterionic polymer matrices.
Ligand‐Enabled Nickel‐Catalyzed Redox‐Relay Migratory Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Arylborons
Authors: He Yuli , Liu Chuang , Yu Lei , Zhu Shaolin
Published: March 2020

A redox‐relay migratory hydroarylation of isomeric mixtures of olefins with arylboronic acids catalyzed by nickel complexes bearing diamine ligands is described. A range of structurally diverse 1,1‐diarylalkanes, including those containing a 1,1‐diarylated quaternary carbon, were obtained in excellent yields and with high regioselectivity. Preliminary experimental evidence supports the proposed non‐dissociated chainwalking of aryl‐nickel(II)‐hydride species along the alkyl chain of alkenes before selective reductive elimination at a benzylic position. A catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol % proved to be sufficient in large‐scale synthesis while retaining high reactivity, highlighting the practical value of this transformation.
Asymmetric Synthesis and Application of Chiral Spirosilabiindanes
Authors: Chang Xin , Ma Pei‐Long , Chen Hong‐Chao , Li Chuan‐Ying , Wang Peng
Published: March 2020

Reported here is the development of a class of chiral spirosilabiindane scaffolds by Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric double hydrosilation, for the first time. Enantiopure SPSiOL (spirosilabiindane diol), a new type of chiral building block for the preparation of various chiral ligands and catalysts, was readily prepared on greater than 10 gram scale using this protocol. The potential of this new spirosilabiindane scaffold in asymmetric catalysis was preliminarily demonstrated by development of the corresponding monodentate phosphoramidite ligands (SPSiPhos), which were used in both a Rh‐catalyzed hydrogenation and a Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular carboamination.
Enzyme Mimetic Active Intermediates for Nitrate Reduction in Neutral Aqueous Media
Authors: Li Yamei , Go Yoo Kyung , Ooka Hideshi , He Daoping , Jin Fangming , Kim Sun Hee , Nakamura Ryuhei
Published: March 2020

Nitrate is a pervasive aquatic contaminant of global environmental concern. In nature, the most effective nitrate reduction reaction (NRR) is catalyzed by nitrate reductase enzymes at neutral pH, using a highly‐conserved Mo center ligated mainly by oxo and thiolate groups. Mo‐based NRR catalysts mostly function in organic solvents with a low water stability. Recently, an oxo‐containing molybdenum sulfide nanoparticle that serves as an NRR catalyst at neutral pH was first reported. Herein, in a nanoparticle‐catalyzed NRR system a pentavalent MoV(=O)S4 species, an enzyme mimetic, served as an active intermediate for the NRR. Potentiometric titration analysis revealed that a redox synergy among MoV−S, S radicals, and MoV(=O)S4 likely play a key role in stabilizing MoV(=O)S4, showing the importance of secondary interactions in facilitating NRR. The first identification and characterization of an oxo‐ and thiolate‐ligated Mo intermediates pave the way to the molecular design of efficient enzyme mimetic NRR catalysts in aqueous solution.
Two methods for terminal sliding‐mode synchronization of fractional‐order nonlinear chaotic systems
Authors: Mao Beixing
Published: March 2020

The self‐adaptive terminal sliding mode synchronization of fractional‐order nonlinear chaotic systems is investigated under uncertainty and external disturbance. A novel non‐singular terminal sliding surface is proposed and proved to be stable. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a sliding mode control law is proposed to ensure the occurrence of sliding‐mode motion. In addition, two methods of the controller and the self‐adaptive rules are used to establish the sliding mode function, and two sufficient conditions for achieving self‐adaptive terminal sliding‐mode synchronization of fractional‐order uncertain nonlinear systems are identified. The results show that designing appropriate control law and sliding‐mode surface can achieve self‐adaptive terminal sliding mode synchronization of the fractional high‐order systems with uncertainty. The effectiveness and applicability of the sliding mode control technique are validated through numerical simulation.
Multiscalar Investigation of FeVO4 Conversion Cathode for a Low Concentration Zn(CF3SO3)2 Rechargeable Zn‐Ion Aqueous Battery
Authors: Kumar Sonal , Verma Vivek , Chua Rodney , Ren Hao , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Rojviriya Catleya , Sattayaporn Suchinda , de Groot Frank M. F. , Manalastas William , Srinivasan Madhavi
Published: March 2020

Battery cathode materials operating on multivalent‐ion intercalation are prone to short operational lifetimes, traditionally explained to be due to poor solid‐state diffusion. Here, we overcome this problem by using a conversion‐type cathode material and demonstrate the benefits in a FeVO4 host structure. The rechargeable Zn‐ion battery exhibits stability for an unprecedented operational lifetime of 57 days with a high capacity of 272 mAh g−1 (60 mA g−1) over 140 cycles. We use a combination of synchrotron‐based XAS, SRXTM, Raman, XRD and HRTEM techniques to elucidate the cathode material evolution at multilength‐scale for understanding the Zn‐ion storage mechanism. We further highlight the benefits of using a low‐salt concentration electrolyte and pH‐consideration analysis in aqueous battery development, the optimization of which leads to a 4‐fold increase in battery performance as compared to conventional high‐salt concentration electrolyte formulations.
How do we defeat the ‘dark side’? Analysing a call to tackle lad culture at a UK university
Authors: Owen Craig
Published: March 2020

Extensive feminist critique of lad culture has raised serious concerns about its role in the sexualisation and objectification of women; its association with ‘pack‐like’ boisterous behaviour and pressured heavy drinking of alcohol; and its use of banter, irony and infantile humour to provide a protective shield for sexist and homophobic practices. These concerns have culminated in the National Union of Students calling for lad culture to be tackled on university campuses in the UK. This article analyses how the call to tackle lad culture was represented in a student newspaper and made sense of by groups of male students at one university in Southern England. The findings identify three interpretative repertoires, one aligned with feminist critiques, with lad culture constructed as a series of harmful and unacceptable social practices; the other two, critical of feminist‐aligned critiques, deployed rhetorical strategies to distinguish a ‘light’ side of lad culture from a ‘dark’ side, and disavow the ‘dark’ side by claiming it was performed by individual ‘bad people’. This article recommends future campaigns address these multiple repertoires together in one, non‐judgemental debate space. This will include the acknowledgement of broader definitions of lad culture, and the facilitation of ongoing student debate about the ‘light’ and ‘dark’ sides of lad culture, and the ‘grey areas’ in between.
Skullcapflavone I has a potent anti‐pancreatic cancer activity by targeting miR‐23a
Authors: Cui Jing , Li Hao , Wang Ying , Tian Tian , Liu Chao , Wang Yanan , Sun Shukai , Feng Baisui
Published: March 2020

Baicalein has been widely studied and showed a potent activity against pancreatic cancer in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Little is known regarding the effects of Skullcapflavone I (SFI), despite they have similar structures. So, this study was to explore the function of SFI on human pancreatic cancer. Panc‐1 cells were transfected with miR‐23a precursor, miR‐23a inhibitor or the negative controls, and subsequently treated by SFI. Cell viability, Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive cell rate, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and related protein expression were assessed by utilizing Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), BrdU staining, apoptosis assessment, transwell assay, and western blot. SFI significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as induced apoptosis of Panc‐1 cells. MiR‐23a, miR‐21, and miR‐155 were lowly expressed while miR‐145 and miR‐146a were highly expressed in SFI‐treated cell. Of note, the antitumor effects of SFI were promoted by miR‐23a suppression whereas attenuated by miR‐23a overexpression. JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways were inhibited by SFI. Also, the pathway inhibition in SFI‐treated cells was reversed by miR‐23a overexpression. SFI might be a promising anti‐pancreatic cancer agent by inhibiting cancer cells growth and motility. The anticancer activities of SFI might be through downregulation of miR‐23a, as well as inhibition of JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways.
A Study on Transparent Electrode Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited From Recycled Target
Authors: Lee Ki‐Seong , Mo Yeong Jun , Park Ik Keun , Park Tae‐Sung , Kim Young Sung
Published: March 2020

In this study, we investigated the transparent electrode and mechanical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films deposited from recycled targets of In2O3 (90 wt %) and SnO3 (10 wt %). We also evaluated the effect of their heat treatment at different temperatures. The ITO thin film deposited on the glass substrate at ambient temperature exhibited microcrystallization characteristics in which the amorphous state was incorporated. When the annealing temperature was over 200 °C, the ITO thin film showed stable transparent electrode characteristics with a sheet resistance value of 7.2 Ω/sq and high transmittance of more than 85% in the visible light region through recovery and recrystallization. Under compressive stress, the ITO thin film exhibited stable elastic modulus and hardness values of more than 110 GPa and 6.0 GPa, respectively. It is anticipated that these outcomes will meet the electrical, optical, and mechanical property requirements for commercial ITO transparent electrodes.
Effects of pericardial tamponade on the hemodynamics of aortic stenosis
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H. , Ng Angie T. , Yu Jeannie H.
Published: March 2020

Compressive pericardial physiology (i.e., cardiac tamponade) reduces ventricular chamber volume/filling and cardiac output, which exacerbates coexisting hemodynamic derangements. In this hemodynamic rounds, we demonstrate the interaction of two hemodynamic conditions in one patient with acute pericardial tamponade in the setting of aortic stenosis (AS). Simultaneous pressures across the aortic valve before and after relief of cardiac tamponade demonstrate an acute and uncommon improvement in the hemodynamics of AS.
Intentional bioprosthetic tricuspid valve fracture to facilitate transcatheter valve‐in‐valve deployment
Authors: Karahalios Brian , Breinholt John P. , Little Stephen H. , Huie Lin C.
Published: March 2020

While transcatheter valve‐in‐valve (ViV) implantation may reduce the number of lifetime surgical reinterventions in some patients with congenital heart disease, in other patients the bioprosthetic valve ring can lead to patient‐prosthesis mismatch due to reduction of internal diameter if a transcatheter valve is implanted. A 49‐year‐old woman with multiple prior cardiac surgeries presented with heart failure due to bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis. Initial predilation valvuloplasty suggested conventional ViV implant would produce patient‐prosthesis mismatch, therefore, we intentionally fractured the bioprosthetic valve ring to facilitate optimal hemodynamics with implantation of a 29 mm transcatheter valve.
Association of left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure with mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Leistner David M. , Dietrich Steven , Erbay Aslihan , Steiner Julia , Abdelwahed Youssef , Siegrist Patrick T. , Schindler Matthias , Skurk Carsten , Haghikia Arash , Sinning David , Riedel Matthias , Landmesser Ulf , Stähli Barbara E.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

This study sought to investigate the relation between left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Background

Risk stratification in ACS patients is important. Data on the role of LVEDP in the prognostication of ACS patients are scarce.

Methods

A total of 1,410 patients undergoing PCI for ACS and with available data on LVEDP were divided according to LVEDP tertiles (lowest tertile: ≤13 mmHg, intermediate tertile: 14–20 mmHg, and highest tertile: >20 mmHg). The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality at a median follow‐up of 246 [28–848] days.

Results

Median LVEDP was 16 (11–22) mmHg. All‐cause mortality was 2.8%, 4.5%, and 15.0% in the lowest, the intermediate, and the highest LVEDP tertile groups (p < .001), respectively. Belonging to the highest LVEDP tertile was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.30, 5.47], p = .008). By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut‐off value for predicting all‐cause mortality was 20 mmHg (sensitivity 68.3%, specificity 72.5%). There was no differential effect of LVEDP on mortality in patients with and without LV dysfunction (interaction p = .23) or ST‐elevation myocardial infarction as index ACS event (interaction p = .86).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing PCI for ACS, LVEDP was independently related with mortality. Hence, LVEDP should be incorporated into early risk stratification and clinical decision making of ACS patients.
Heterogeneous colonic content: A prenatal sonographic manifestation of lysinuric protein intolerance
Authors: Dimitriou Christos , Saliba Souha , Peyrassol Xavier , Ben Abbou Wafa , Nassogne Marie Cécile , Neugroschl Carine , Wiame Elsa , De Leener Anne , Cassart Marie
Published: March 2020

We report a fetus with heterogeneous colonic content, an isolated sonographic prenatal sign of lysinuric protein intolerance, a very rare metabolic disease. Familial genetic enquiries confirmed heterozygote mutation in the implicated gene in parents. The prenatal diagnosis led to neonatal dietary adaptation and avoided acute complications.
Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt embolization: A two‐case experience
Authors: Bayona Molano Maria del Pilar , Krauthamer Andres , Barrera Juan Carlos , Luna Cibele , Castillo Patricia , Swersky Adam , Bhatia Shivank
Published: March 2020

Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts are rare vascular malformations which are incidentally discovered on imaging or once hepatic encephalopathy becomes clinically apparent. Surgical ligation and endovascular embolization are potential treatments.
Defect Engineering of Two‐Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Chen Xin , Denninger Peter , Stimpel‐Lindner Tanja , Spiecker Erdmann , Duesberg Georg S. , Backes Claudia , Knirsch Kathrin C. , Hirsch Andreas
Published: March 2020

Two‐dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) holds great promise in electronic and optoelectronic applications owing to its unique structure and intriguing properties. The intrinsic defects such as sulfur vacancies (SVs) of MoS2 nanosheets are found to be detrimental to the device efficiency. To mitigate this problem, functionalization of 2D MoS2 using thiols has emerged as one of the key strategies for engineering defects. Herein, we demonstrate an approach to controllably engineer the SVs of chemically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets using a series of substituted thiophenols in solution. The degree of functionalization can be tuned by varying the electron‐withdrawing strength of substituents in thiophenols. We find that the intensity of 2LA(M) peak normalized to A1g peak strongly correlates to the degree of functionalization. Our results provide a spectroscopic indicator to monitor and quantify the defect engineering process. This method of MoS2 defect functionalization in solution also benefits the further exploration of defect‐free MoS2 for a wide range of applications.
Thermal Decomposition of Ternary Sodium Graphite Intercalation Compounds
Authors: Au Heather , Rubio Noelia , Buckley David J. , Mattevi Cecilia , Shaffer Milo S. P.
Published: March 2020

Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are often used to produce exfoliated or functionalised graphene related materials (GRMs) in a specific solvent. This study explores the formation of the Na‐tetrahydrofuran (THF)‐GIC and a new ternary system based on dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Detailed comparisons of in situ temperature dependent XRD with TGA‐MS and Raman measurements reveal a series of dynamic transformations during heating. Surprisingly, the bulk of the intercalation compound is stable under ambient conditions, trapped between the graphene sheets. The heating process drives a reorganisation of the solvent and Na molecules, then an evaporation of the solvent; however, the solvent loss is arrested by restacking of the graphene layers, leading to trapped solvent bubbles. Eventually, the bubbles rupture, releasing the remaining solvent and creating expanded graphite. These trapped dopants may provide useful property enhancements, but also potentially confound measurements of grafting efficiency in liquid‐phase covalent functionalization experiments on 2D materials.
Photoredox‐Mediated Reaction of gem‐Diborylalkenes: Reactivity Toward Diverse 1,1‐Bisborylalkanes
Authors: Kumar Nivesh , Eghbarieh Nadim , Stein Tamar , Shames Alexander I. , Masarwa Ahmad
Published: March 2020

The use of gem‐diborylalkenes as radical‐reactive groups is explored for the first time. These reactions provide an efficient and general method for the photochemical conversion of gem‐diborylalkenes to rapidly access 1,1‐bisborylalkanes. This method exploits a novel photoredox decarboxylative radical addition to gem‐diborylalkenes to afford α‐gem‐diboryl carbon‐centered radicals, which benefit from additional stability by virtue of an interaction with the empty p‐orbitals on borons. The reaction offers a highly modular and regioselective approach to γ‐amino gem‐diborylalkanes. Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations have provided insight into the radical mechanism underlying the photochemistry reaction and the stability of the bis‐metalated radicals, respectively.
Push–Pull (Iso)quinoline Chromophores: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Use for White‐Light Emission
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Allaoui Zaina , le Gall Estelle , Fihey Arnaud , Plaza‐Pedroche Rodrigo , Katan Claudine , Robin‐le Guen Françoise , Rodríguez‐López Julián , Achelle Sylvain
Published: March 2020

The photophysical properties of a series of conjugated push–pull (iso)quinolines were studied. The compounds were synthesized by well‐established and straightforward methodologies. The materials exhibited not only emission solvatochromism in a variety of nonpolar solvents, but also tunable halochromism. Some of the compounds remained moderately luminescent after protonation and had a red emissive form, which was used to obtain white‐light emission, both in solution and in thin films, by controlled protonation of the initially blue–green‐emitting materials. This methodology has potential applications in the fabrication of white organic light‐emitting diodes with two forms of a single emitter in equilibrium.
The enduring legacy of Koji Nakanishi's research on natural products and bioorganic chemistry. Part 2. Inception and establishment of the ECD exciton chirality method in 1960s to 1970s: A marvel of Nakanishi's Japanese team
Authors: Harada Nobuyuki
Published: March 2020

The electronic circular dichroism (ECD) exciton chirality method is very useful for determining the absolute configuration (AC) of chiral compounds. In the ECD spectroscopy, the chromophore‐chromophore interaction, ie, exciton coupling, is very important. For example, Harada and Nakanishi first discovered in 1969 that chiral dibenzoates exhibit exciton split bisignate Cotton effects, from the sign of which the screw sense between two long axes of benzoate chromophores, ie, the AC of dibenzoate, can be determined. This method was named the dibenzoate chirality rule and has been successfully applied to various natural products to determine their ACs. During these studies, it was also found that this CD method was expanded to encompass other aromatic and olefin chromophores like naphthalene, diene, enone, etc. Therefore, the name of the dibenzaote chirality rule was changed to the CD exciton chirality method. In 1970s, there were heated controversies about the inconsistency between X‐ray Bijvoet and CD exciton chirality methods, which was a shocking and serious problem in the community of molecular chirality research. Harada and coworkers synthesized the most ideal cage compound with two anthracene chromophores to connect X‐ray Bijvoet and CD exciton chitality methods and proved that these two methods are consistent with each other.
Chiral separation of underivatized amino acids in supercritical fluid chromatography with chiral crown ether derived column
Authors: Miller Larry , Yue Lei
Published: March 2020

The supercritical fluid chromatographic separation of underivatized amino acids was explored using immobilized chiral crown ether column CROWNPAK CR‐I (+) and mass spectrometric detection. The type of modifier, acidic additives, and the role of water were investigated. Enantioseparation was achieved for all 18 amino acids investigated with short retention times (less than 3 minutes) and average resolution of greater than 5.0. Analysis of enantiomerically pure standards demonstrated the D enantiomer eluted first for all amino acids using a CROWNPAK CR‐I (+) column.
Preparation of mesoporous MCM‐41 supported zinc sorbents by microwave in‐situ oxidation for H2S removal in coal gas
Authors: Li Yang , Feng Yu , Wu Mengmeng , Guo Enhui , Li Qiaochun , Mi Jie
Published: March 2020

Zn‐based MCM‐41 supporter sorbents were prepared using the microwave in‐situ oxidation method. Other sorbents were heated using a conventional heating method to contrast the performance for H2S removal. The sorbents were tested at 500°C in fixed reactor and dried simulated Texaco coal gas was employed for the sulphurized atmosphere. The results show that sorbents prepared by microwave oxidation had a better toleration for the adsorption of H2S. A 13.2% improvement occurred in the sulphur capacity of the sorbents heated by the microwave method. XRD, SEM with EDS‐element mapping, TEM, N2 adsorption, and XPS were used to characterize the properties of the sorbents. Due to the selective heating of the microwave and the superiority of the in‐situ oxidation method, the sorbents heated by microwave exhibited more appropriate structures for sulphurization. Meanwhile, the even heating environment supplied by the microwave resulted in a more uniform distribution of the active component. The microwave also had an effect on the chemical bond and reduced the binding energy of the active component, which enhanced the reactivity between the H2S and the sorbents. The preferable features generated by microwave in‐situ oxidation accelerate the replacement of S to O, and therefore the Zn‐based MCM‐41 sorbents prepared by the microwave method have an increased capability for H2S removal in high temperature coal gas.
Post model‐fitting exploration via a “Next‐Door” analysis
Authors: Guan Leying , Tibshirani Robert
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We propose a simple method for evaluating the model that has been chosen by an adaptive regression procedure, our main focus being the lasso. This procedure deletes each chosen predictor and refits the lasso to get a set of models that are “close” to the chosen “base model,” and compares the error rates of the base model with that of nearby models. If the deletion of a predictor leads to significant deterioration in the model's predictive power, the predictor is called indispensable; otherwise, the nearby model is called acceptable and can serve as a good alternative to the base model. This provides both an assessment of the predictive contribution of each variable and a set of alternative models that may be used in place of the chosen model. We call this procedure “Next‐Door analysis” since it examines models “next” to the base model. It can be applied to supervised learning problems with ℓ1 penalization and stepwise procedures. We have implemented it in the R language as a library to accompany the well‐known glmnet library. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 447–470; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada
Glue till you drop – Experiments on Historical Adhesives
Authors: Schälte Miriam , Lück Gisela
Published: March 2020

Bereits seit mehreren Jahrtausenden verwenden Menschen Klebstoffe. Anfangs dienten diese vor allem der Fabrikation einfacher Werkzeuge und Jagdwaffen, während sie heute in beinahe allen Industrie‐ und Lebensbereichen zu finden sind. Dieser Beitrag stellt Experimente zur Herstellung einiger der ältesten Klebstoffe vor: das Birkenpech, Klebemixturen aus Baumharz und einen Glutinleim. Diese sind für den Chemie‐ bzw. Sachunterricht, insbesondere aber auch für AGs und Projekttage geeignet, um intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen auf abwechslungsreiche Weise zu thematisieren. Vor der Vorstellung der Experimente werden die chemischen und physikalischen Grundlagen des Klebens sowie die historischen Hintergründe der drei thematisierten Klebstoffe erläutert.
The thermal reduction of graphene oxide – A simple and exciting manufacturing process of graphene
Authors: Schedy Andreas , Oetken Marco
Published: March 2020

Graphen, die zweidimensionale Modifikation des Kohlenstoffs, steht aufgrund einer Vielzahl an herausragenden Eigenschaften derzeit im Fokus der Forschung. Die Synthese von Graphen verläuft im Labormaßstab über das Zwischenprodukt Graphenoxid. In diesem Beitrag wird mit der thermischen Reduktion ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem Graphenoxid einfach, sicher und schnell zu Graphen reduziert werden kann. Die thermische Reduktion von Graphenoxid in einem geschlossenen System unter Sauerstoffausschluss erlaubt es zudem, die Reaktionsprodukte dieser Reduktion aufzufangen und zu analysieren.
Evaluating Sustainability in chemistry teaching
Authors: Zowada Christian , Linkwitz Michael , Siol Antje , Eilks Ingo
Published: March 2020

Gerade in der heutigen Zeit wird von verschiedensten Akteuren ein starker Wandel hin zur Nachhaltigkeit gefordert, wobei die Chemie durch grüne und nachhaltige Verfahrensweisen geprägt sein soll. Aber wann ist Chemie nachhaltig? Um dies zu reflektieren, entwickelt die Fachdisziplin selbst kontinuierlich entsprechende Instrumente der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung für Chemikalien und Prozesse. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen und macht Vorschläge, wie solche Nachhaltigkeitsbewertungen Eingang in den Chemieunterricht in der Sekundarstufe finden können.
5‐[2‐(N‐(Substituted phenyl)acetamide)]amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐sulfonamides as Selective Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibitors with Neuroprotective Effects
Authors: Jiang Caibao , Shi Jinguo , Liao Liping , Zhang Liantao , Liu Jiayong , Wang Yang , Lao Yaoqiang , Zhang Jingxia
Published: March 2020

In this study, 22 novel compounds were designed and synthesized by acetamide bridge chains, among which 5 a–5 k were monosubstituted compounds, and 6 a–6 k were disubstituted. A series of biological evaluations was then carried out to determine the carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity, neuroprotective effects and cytotoxicity of 5 a–5 k and 6 a–6 k. The results showed that some compounds could protect PC12 cells from sodium nitroprusside (SNP)‐induced damage. In terms of the neuroprotection and inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase II, monosubstituted compounds were better than disubstituted. Compound 5 c exhibited better protective effect in PC12 cells than that of edaravone, and 5 c also showed less cytotoxicity. In addition, compound 5 c was found to be the most effective selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor (IC50=16.7 nM, CAI/CAII=54.3), which was similar to the inhibitory effect of acetazolamide. Moreover, the selectivity of compound 5 c was better than that of acetazolamide (IC50=12.0 nM, CAI/CAII=20.8). Molecular docking presented that the binding effect of compound 5 c with carbonic anhydrase II was superior to that of 5 c with carbonic anhydrase I and IX, which was consistent with the inhibitory results. Based on above findings, compound 5 c may be a potential candidate for selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, and it had obviously neuroprotective effect and great advantages in drug safety.
Inchworm Monte Carlo Method for Open Quantum Systems
Authors: Cai Zhenning , Lu Jianfeng , Yang Siyao
Published: March 2020

We investigate in this work a recently proposed diagrammatic quantum Monte Carlo method—the inchworm Monte Carlo method—for open quantum systems. We establish its validity rigorously based on resummation of Dyson series. Moreover, we introduce an integro‐differential equation formulation for open quantum systems, which illuminates the mathematical structure of the inchworm algorithm. This new formulation leads to an improvement of the inchworm algorithm by introducing classical deterministic time‐integration schemes. The numerical method is validated by applications to the spin‐boson model. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.