bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection and identification of Diatrypaceous airborne spores in Australian vineyards revealed high species diversity between regions
Authors: Billones-Baaijens Regina , Liu Meifang , Sosnowski Mark R. , Ayres Matthew R. , Savocchia Sandra
Published: June 2023

The grapevine trunk disease, Eutypa dieback (ED), causes significant vine decline and yield reduction. For many years, the fungus Eutypa lata was considered the main pathogen causing ED of grapevines in Australia. Recent studies showed other Diatrypaceous fungi were also associated with vines exhibiting dieback symptoms but there is limited information on how these fungal pathogens spread in vineyards. Thus, information on the spore dispersal patterns of Diatrypaceous fungi in different wine regions will assist in identifying high-risk infection periods in vineyards. Using more than 6800 DNA samples from airborne spores collected from eight wine regions in south-eastern Australia over 8 years using a Burkard spore trap, this study investigated the diversity and abundance of Diatrypaceous species, using multi-faceted molecular tools. A multi-target quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay successfully detected and quantified Diatrypaceous spores from 30% of the total samples with spore numbers and frequency of detection varying between regions and years. The high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) coupled with DNA sequencing identified seven species, with E. lata being present in seven regions and the most prevalent species in the Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale. Cryptovalsa ampelina and Diatrype stigma were the predominant species in the Clare Valley and Coonawarra, respectively while Eutypella citricola and Eu. microtheca dominated in the Hunter Valley and the Riverina regions. This study represents the first report of D. stigma and Cryptosphaeria multicontinentalis in Australian vineyards. This study further showed rainfall as a primary factor that triggers spore release, however, other weather factors that may influence the spore release in different climatic regions of Australia still requires further investigation.
ABO blood group as a determinant of COVID-19 and Long COVID: An observational, longitudinal, large study
Authors: Soriano Joan B. , Peláez Adrián , Busquets Xavier , Rodrigo-García María , Pérez-Urría Elena Ávalos , Alonso Tamara , Girón Rosa , Valenzuela Claudia , Marcos Celeste , García-Castillo Elena , Ancochea Julio
Published: June 2023

Background

An association of ABO blood group and COVID-19 remains controversial.

Methods

Following STROBE guidance for observational research, we explored the distribution of ABO blood group in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19 and in those with Long COVID. Contingency tables were made and risk factors were explored using crude and adjusted Mantle-Haentzel odds ratios (OR and 95% CI).

Results

Up to September 2022, there were a total of 5,832 acute COVID-19 hospitalizations in our hospital, corresponding to 5,503 individual patients, of whom blood group determination was available for 1,513 (27.5%). Their distribution by ABO was: 653 (43.2%) group 0, 690 (45.6%) A, 113 (7.5%) B, and 57 (3.8%) AB, which corresponds to the expected frequencies in the general population. In parallel, of 676 patients with Long COVID, blood group determination was available for 135 (20.0%). Their distribution was: 60 (44.4%) from group 0, 61 (45.2%) A, 9 (6.7%) B, and 5 (3.7%) AB. The distribution of the ABO system of Long COVID patients did not show significant differences with respect to that of the total group (p ≥ 0.843). In a multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and severity of acute COVID-19 infection, subgroups A, AB, and B were not significantly associated with developing Long COVID with an OR of 1.015 [0.669–1.541], 1.327 [0.490–3.594] and 0.965 [0.453–2.058], respectively. The effect of the Rh+ factor was also not significant 1,423 [0.772–2,622] regarding Long COVID.

Conclusions

No association of any ABO blood subgroup with COVID-19 or developing Long COVID was identified.
PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS DOS TRABALHADORES POR PLATAFORMA
Authors: Pires de Campos Maria Eduarda Viva , Manzano Maria Clara Arruda
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: Os trabalhadores por plataforma muitas vezes não têm a possibilidade de estudo e qualificação, ou não pertencem às camadas mais nobres da sociedade que detém recursos financeiros que possibilitem o investimento de capital, depararam-se com o desemprego. Como forma de buscar soluções, recorrem a cenários de trabalhos informais e precários - como é o caso dos entregadores por plataforma - no sentido de não possuir uma regulamentação que confira direitos e garantias aos trabalhadores. Assim, além de estarem esses trabalhadores expostos à desigualdade no trabalho, sofrem também com uma assimetria pelo sistema de acumulação de riqueza
Objetivos: O presente paper tem como objetivo verificar o problema de desigualdade social e econômica no Brasil como fruto do trabalho por plataforma digital.
Metodologia: Utilizando-se do método hipotético-dedutivo e de pesquisas bibliográficas, levanta-se como hipótese do estudo a necessidade de serem criadas medidas de proteção dos trabalhadores por plataforma para amenizar as desigualdades sociais e econômicas no Brasil
Resultados: Conclui-se, a partir do desenvolvimento do trabalho, que a adoção de políticas públicas, em conjunto com a colaboração internacional, seriam uma alternativa para garantir direitos aos trabalhadores.
AS MEDIDAS LEGAIS PROTETIVAS DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS E SEUS REFLEXOS NA PRESERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS
Authors: Passos de Freitas Vladimir , Yatsuda Moromizato Yoshida Consuelo , Alves da Silva Junior Genésio
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: A proteção dos recursos hídricos é uma das maiores preocupações atuais, não apenas pela necessária proteção do meio ambiente, como também para o resguardo dos direitos humanos. A presente pesquisa concentra-se no estudo das medidas legais protetivas de bacias hidrográficas, principalmente à luz da Lei nº. 9.433/1997.
Objetivos: O objetivo geral reside na compreensão das potencialidades e fragilidades das principais disposições legais protetivas de bacias hidrográficas posteriores à Constituição de 1988. O objetivo específico é apurar os reflexos que o inadequado tratamento dado às bacias hidrográficas pode ocasionar na preservação de recursos hídricos.
Metodologia: quanto à metodologia, foi utilizado o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, os métodos de procedimento histórico e monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
Resultados: verificou-se que a Lei das Águas adotou acertada estratégia ao estabelecer a bacia hidrográfica como a unidade territorial para implementação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH), ao criar os Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas, neles permitindo a participação da comunidade, e ao reconhecer a água como um bem de domínio público e como um recurso natural limitado, dotado de valor econômico.
APLICAÇÃO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NOS CONFLITOS SUBMETIDOS À JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA: (IM) POSSIBILIDADE
Authors: Bebiano Fernando Nogueira
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: A multiplicidade e o dinamismo cultural que resultam da evolução da sociedade são potencializadores de divergências, sendo os conflitos inerentes a essas relações intersubjetivas produzidas pelas interações nessa atual sociedade complexa e plural. Quando valores essenciais são violados o Estado criminaliza as condutas desvirtuadas criando uma estrutura para punir aqueles que venham transgredir as regras. Hodiernamente se faz necessário rever o sistema punitivo do Estado, pois ele se mostra inadequado para as sociedades. Nesse cenário, a justiça restaurativa se apresenta como uma adequada via de acesso à justiça, por se tratar de um procedimento com aporte necessário para humanização do direito. A pesquisa se justifica porque houve uma intensificação das práticas de justiça restaurativa migrando para o virtual durante o período da pandemia da Covid-19. Objetivo: verificar a adequação da utilização da Inteligência Artificial (IA) para automaticamente decidir processos ou servir como conciliador. Buscando compreender esse fenômeno social em um ambiente social mais amplo, realizou-se uma pesquisa jurídico-sociológica. Metodologia, método sistemático para examinar o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e foi feita pesquisa bibliográfica de periódicos indexados da área do Direito. Resultado: com a metodologia desenvolvida, foi possível concluir que a utilização da IA como um robô “boca do sistema” automaticamente produzindo decisões ou conciliações apartadas do substrato social é um caminho perigoso para um retorno ao velho positivismo, que equiparou o direito à lei, onde o Juiz era a “boca da lei” (mero reprodutor da lei).
A TAXA DE LIXO: DO CONCEITO À PRÁTICA
Authors: Cossa Nelson Ernesto
Published: June 2023

Contextualização: A taxa do lixo como tributo constitui o nosso objecto de estudo, em particular a cobrada pelo Conselho Municipal da Cidade da Matola (CMCM), no âmbito do processo de descentralização e governação local. Este artigo incide sobre os moradores do Bairro de Intaka - I, que apesar de não se beneficiarem dos serviços municipais de remoção e gestão de lixo têm sido cobrados, de forma automática, o valor correspondente ao pagamento da taxa do lixo.

Objetivo: Neste contexto, procura-se discutir a ratio da cobrança da referida taxa pelo CMCM, partindo das características da contrapartida individualizada e da “bilateralidade” que marcam o próprio conceito legal de taxa aos princípios que orientam a acção administrativa da Administração Pública – (AP).

Metodologia: Através de uma metodologia qualitativa, iniciamos a análise compreendendo as dinâmicas do processo de recolha, depósito e tratamento de lixo no âmbito da gestão administrativa municipal e a sua relação com os munícipes, tendo sido factor determinante para a nossa pesquisa, colocar a crivo o instrumento da sua ligação, o regime jurídico de taxa de lixo.

Resultados: A partir de constatações fácticas, a pesquisa conclui não ser razoável designar-se lixo, o conceito relativo os serviço público de recolha, depósito e tratamento de lixo, muito menos, qualificar de taxa aquela obrigação de pagar pelo serviço, isso tendo em conta a natureza jurídica das taxas.
WEIGHTING PRINCIPLES IN CIVIL PROCEDURE AND THE GUARANTEE OF PROTECTION TO FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS RELATED TO THE EXISTENTIAL MINIMUM
Authors: Smolarek Dias Bruno , Gaioski Pagani Lucas Augusto , Lisbôa Feliciano João Marcos
Published: June 2023

Objectives: This article aims to examine and study the normative provisions concerning the weighting of principles in Civil Procedural Law aiming at the guarantee and protection of Fundamental Rights concerning the existential minimum. With the innovations brought by the Civil Procedure Code of 2015, in which the legislator sought to write it in the light of the precepts of the normative Federal Constitution of 1988, there was a clear constitutional influence on civil procedural provisions, making the Courts of Justice and their magistrates, in the exercise of their attributions, to perform obligations and responsibilities different from those performed until then.
Methodology: For that, it uses bibliographic-documentary analysis, from the deductive method, to infer the conclusions. It examines, therefore, the attributions of the Judiciary, which from applying the laws, passes in its attributions and decisions to observe the legal system as a whole, through a normative and principled analysis, recognizing new rights and effectively putting into practice fundamental rights with direct foundation in the constitutional text.
Results: It is concluded that in the normative absence or in the conflict of norms, especially in the figure of the principles, when providing the effective application of Fundamental Rights, under the goal of ensuring and promoting minimum material conditions for human survival, this will take place under the prism of balancing constitutional principles, such as the Existential Minimum, influencing this weighting not in the dimension of the validity of the principles, but in their weight in concrete cases, which tend to lean towards the protection of the dignity of the human person as a vector of fundamental rights and foundation of the Republic.
O PENSAMENTO POLÍTICO NOSSO DE CADA DIA E O FASCISMO TRANSNACIONAL
Authors: Staffen Marcio Ricardo
Published: June 2023

Contextualização: O estudo que se apresenta é contemporâneo ao cenário de atos antidemocráticos que culminaram no assalto à Praça dos Três Poderes, em Brasília, no dia 08 de janeiro de 2023, com invasão ao Congresso Nacional, ao Palácio do Planalto e ao Supremo Tribunal Federal designados por instituições estrangeiras como resultado do fascismo transnacional. Objetivo: O artigo objetiva contrastar as bases do pensamento político brasileiro que culminaram nos atos antidemocráticos de 08 de janeiro de 2023, segundo as  ideias de Raymundo Faoro, com a atribuição de fenômenos de fascismo transnacional para fins de apontar os pressupostos ideológicos que nutriram os respectivos movimentos de assalto e sublevação. Metodologia: utilizou-se, para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa, o método indutivo, operacionalizado pelas técnicas de conceito operacional, da pesquisa bibliográfica. Resultado: Os atentados de 08 de janeiro de 2023 são frutos do pensamento político brasileiro endêmico. As reivindicações, as frustrações e as soluções dos envolvidos nos atos de sublevação decorrem de épocas passadas. Ao longo das manifestações dos envolvidos no assalto à Brasília não se observa lastro teórico e ideológico substancial de articulação transnacional.
O SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE E A EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL: O FENÔMENO DA APOROFOBIA E O ACESSO AO DIREITO À SAÚDE
Authors: Sturza Janaína Machado , Ribeiro Fernanda Lencina , Spinato Tiago Protti
Published: June 2023

Contextualização do tema: A sociedade contemporânea tem se apresentado como palco de inúmeras situações que congregam para o agravamento das desigualdades em saúde, especialmente no que tange ao acesso ao direito à saúde. Nesse contexto, destaca-se o fenômeno da aporofobia e sua presença nas relações que envolvem o Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS, influenciando nas tomadas de decisões e depreciando consideravelmente o sistema público de saúde brasileiro.
Objetivos: O presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão, no intento de verificar em que medida o desprezo ao pobre tem influenciado no descaso com o Sistema Único de Saúde e porque isso pode ser um fator de exclusão das pessoas menos favorecidas no que tange ao acesso ao direito à saúde.
Metodologia: Utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Resultados: Verificou-se, ao final, que a aporofobia pode ser vista como um fator determinante na falta de investimento de recursos, engajamento e visibilidade ao Sistema Único de Saúde, promovendo a precarização da saúde pública, a partir da exclusão e do distanciamento do acesso ao direito à saúde.
Existence and exponential stability of periodic solutions of Nicholson-type systems with nonlinear density-dependent mortality and linear harvesting
Authors: Ossandón Gustavo , Sepúlveda Daniel
Published: June 2023

In this work we study a Nicholson-type periodic system with variable delay, density-dependent mortality and linear harvesting rate. Using the topological degree and Lyapunov stability theories, we obtain sufficient conditions that allow us to demonstrate the existence of periodic solutions for the Nicholson-type system and, under suitable conditions, the uniqueness and local exponential stability of the periodic solution is established. We illustrate our results with an example and numerical simulations.
Periodic perturbations of reducible scalar second order functional differential equations
Authors: Calamai Alessandro , Pera Maria Patrizia , Spadini Marco
Published: June 2023

Using a topological approach we investigate the structure of the set of forced oscillations of a class of reducible second order functional retarded differential equations subject to periodic forcing. More precisely, we consider a delay-type functional dependence involving a gamma probability distribution and, using a linear chain trick, we formulate a first order system of ODEs whose
T
-periodic solutions correspond to those of the functional equation.
Properties of Poincaré half-maps for planar linear systems and some direct applications to periodic orbits of piecewise systems
Authors: Carmona Victoriano , Fernández-Sánchez Fernando , García-Medina Elisabeth , Novaes Douglas
Published: June 2023

This paper deals with fundamental properties of Poincaré half-maps defined on a straight line for planar linear systems. Concretely, we focus on the analyticity of the Poincaré half-maps, their series expansions (Taylor and Newton–Puiseux) at the tangency point and at infinity, the relative position between the graph of Poincaré half-maps and the bisector of the fourth quadrant, and the sign of their second derivatives. All these properties are essential to understand the dynamic behavior of planar piecewise linear systems. Accordingly, we also provide some of their most immediate, but non-trivial, consequences regarding periodic orbits.
On a Dirichlet boundary value problem for an Ermakov–Painlevé I equation. A Hamiltonian EPI system
Authors: Amster Pablo , Rogers Colin
Published: June 2023

Here, a proto-type Ermakov–Painlevé I equation is introduced and a homogeneous Dirichlet-type boundary value problem analysed. In addition, a novel Ermakov–Painlevé I system is set down which is reducible by an involutory transformation to the autonomous Ermakov–Ray–Reid system augmented by a single component Ermakov–Painlevé I equation. Hamiltonian such systems are delimited
How to Improve the Crisis Management System by Harmonizing between Objective and Subjective Risk Perception
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jung Yoon Han
Published: June 2023

Risk perception is the starting point of crisis management. It is a research finding in the academic community that there are differences between objective risk assessments and subjective risk perception. Through an analysis of the objective risk perception of the local safety index and the subjective risk perception of the safety sensitivity, no correlation was found between the two, and the difference in risk perception was verified through statistical analysis. The greater the difference, the more various problems such as dissatisfaction with policy effectiveness, distrust, political risk, and safety indifference can occur. To overcome this, measures have been proposed, such as establishing an information system that provides risk information promptly and accurately, improving the survey methods of the local safety index and safety feeling that stakeholders related to crisis management can empathize with, activating risk communication, and building a risk governance system. In crisis situations, policy authorities need to accurately perceive the risks that the general public feels and take active actions to alleviate them. The general public also needs to make efforts to enhance their awareness and preparedness for risks to contribute to building a safe society.
An Overview of Arteriovenous Fistula and Graft Failure
Authors: Stibbs Peter
Published: June 2023

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and grafts are crucial components in hemodialysis for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. However, their high failure rate remains a consider- able challenge in medical practice, often resulting in substantial morbidity and compromised quality of life. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth examination of the potential causes behind AVF and graft failure. This includes, but is not limited to, neointimal hy- perplasia, venous hypertension, compromised flow dynamics, and infection. It additionally outlines the crucial role of patient demographics and comorbidities.Recognizing the need for efficient and effective intervention in cases of failure, this paper also reviews and compares the techniques and outcomes of balloon angioplasty and mechan- ical thrombectomy. These procedures are often necessitated by thrombosis and stenosis, significant complications leading to AVF and graft failure. Balloon angioplasty, a standard first-line therapy, is considered for its technical simplicity and relatively low invasiveness. In contrast, mechanical thrombectomy devices, which physically remove thrombi, are typically reserved for balloon angioplasty failure or larger, complex thrombi.Our review then delves into the associated risks and potential complications of these in- terventions. Notably, rethrombosis and embolization are among the significant risks, which, if not handled promptly and effectively, could lead to more severe complications and poorer patient outcomes. We present the latest statistics and analyze the risk factors contributing to rethrombosis and embolization following balloon angioplasty and mechanical thrombectomy. This review will be beneficial to medical professionals dealing with AVF and graft man- agement, offering a concise, evidence-based examination of failure etiology, therapeutic in- terventions, and their associated risks. We aim to provide a nuanced understanding of these procedures, facilitating informed decision-making in clinical practice and opening avenuesfor future research to improve patient outcomes and longevity of AVF and grafts.
Toward ensuring the equitable allocation of federal funding: An analysis of Hispanic-serving institutions’ pursuit and receipt of Title V grants
Authors: Aguilar-Smith Stephanie , Yun John
Published: June 2023

Despite Hispanic-serving institutions’ (HSIs) growing number and ongoing institutional diversification, appropriations to Title V, capacity-building grants, has plateaued. Considering these trends, we constructed a unique dataset of Title V non-applicants, applicants, and recipients from 2009–2017 to examine how equitably these federal funds were allocated across HSIs. Through our analytic modeling, we examined HSIs’ pursuit and receipt of these grants, finding that HSIs with large, Latinx enrollments are much more likely to secure funding. Although the distribution of these grants is more uniform across institutional characteristics than suggested in previous studies, we identify several opportunities to improve the equitable allocation of this public resource.
Framing neoliberalism: A content analysis of Ley de Reforma Educativa de Puerto Rico
Authors: Virella Patricia M.
Published: June 2023

The American educational policy agenda has been fraught with neoliberal laws that center educational improvement and innovation (Barros, 2012). Neoliberalism operates on the premise that market competition will spur excellence in educational opportunities and decrease the education debt in marginalized communities (Fejes & Salling Olesen, 2016). Moreover, in the case of urban education systemic reforms, researchers need to endeavor how marginalized communities relay their concerns or endorsements in the media. News articles are one appropriate unit of analysis for investigating this problem. In this paper, I examine how an education reform law in Puerto Rico, Ley de Reforma Educativa de Puerto Rico (LREPR), was reported on in the four most popular newspapers on the Island. Conducting content analysis of newspaper articles produced findings that contribute to the policy literature by describing three central frames found in the media coverage of LREPR: (a) rhetoric on the “Free Selection of Schools” school voucher program, (b) the effects of mass school closures on municipalities, and (c) rhetoric on Alianza Schools—Puerto Rico’s Charter Schools Initiative. I close with how the frames depart from the Republican-leaning political affiliation of the newspapers and present a collective resistance to the neoliberal education reform policy.
A participação da escola na marginalização e no abandon escolar. O caso de Portugal
Authors: Azevedo Joaquim
Published: June 2023

Este estudo está focado na análise do modo de produção da exclusão escolar que subjaz e provoca o abandono escolar precoce, em 20 escolas da região do Porto, em Portugal, tendo por base o estudo qualitativo e documental dos “processos escolares individuais” de 25 jovens, nascidos entre 1996 e 2003, que abandonaram a escola e se encontram em situação de exclusão social. Foi construída uma grelha de caracterização destes alunos “em risco” e estabeleceram-se as seguintes categorias de análise dos percursos escolares realizados: deteção precoce dos processos de desajustamento entre os alunos e as escolas; comportamentos disruptivos e ações “corretivas e punitivas” das escolas; percursos escolares individuais realizados pelos alunos; principais recomendações pedagógicas elaboradas pelas escolas; modo de articulação das medidas tomadas e construção progressiva da exclusão dos alunos. O estudo permite perceber como é que as práticas educativas destas escolas, através de processos de desclassificação e de humilhação, não só vão construindo os alunos inensináveis, como os responsabilizam, juntamente com a suas famílias, pelo seu fracasso escolar, escondendo deste modo o seu rosto de instituições promotoras de uma exclusão silenciosa.
Leprosy Reactions
Authors: Walker Stephen L
Published: June 2023

Leprosy Reactions
Mothers and Children with Leprosy
Authors: Butlin Cynthia Ruth , Withington Steve
Published: June 2023

Mothers and Children with Leprosy
Anti-Leprosy Drugs: Modes of Action and Mechanisms of Resistance in Mycobacterium leprae
Authors: Cambau Emmanuelle , Williams Diana L
Published: June 2023

Anti-Leprosy Drugs: Modes of Action and Mechanisms of Resistance in Mycobacterium leprae
Vaccines for Prevention of Leprosy
Authors: Reed Steven G , Duthie Malcolm S
Published: June 2023

Vaccines for Prevention of Leprosy
Genomics Insights into the Biology and Evolution of Leprosy Bacilli
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Tufariello JoAnn M , Wattam Alice R , Gillis Thomas P , Jr William R Jacobs
Published: June 2023

Genomics Insights into the Biology and Evolution of Leprosy Bacilli
Mechanisms of Nerve Injury in Leprosy
Authors: Ebenezer Gigi J , Polydefkis Michael , Scollard David M
Published: June 2023

Mechanisms of Nerve Injury in Leprosy
On a system of multi-component Ginzburg-Landau vortices
Authors: Hadiji Rejeb , Han Jongmin , Sohn Juhee
Published: June 2023

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions for

n

n

-component Ginzburg-Landau equations as

ε
→
0

\varepsilon \to 0

. We prove that the minimizers converge locally in any

C

k

{C}^{k}

-norm to a solution of a system of generalized harmonic map equations.
Fixing Reasonable Expectations in European Contract Law
Authors: Osmola Szymon
Published: June 2023

The reasonable expectations standard permeates European contract law. An influential objection against reasonable expectations, related to it being formulated as a standard, is its apparent vagueness: it does not sufficiently specify its criteria, and is thus redundant in providing guidance for individuals’ behaviour. This article argues that European contract law clarifies the content of reasonable expectations by identifying different grounds for them – mandatory rules, action-based rules, default rules, indicative rules, industry-related rules and (unregulated) practices – and establishing a relatively structured hierarchy between them. For this reason, the standard of reasonable expectations contributes to effective guidance for the behaviour of subjects of European contract law.
Paradigmatische Gräben: Zum Verhältnis von Protest- und Gewaltforschung
Authors: Malthaner Stefan
Published: June 2023

Zwischen Protest und Phänomenen Politischer Gewalt, wie Terrorismus, Bürgerkriegen oder gewaltsamen Ausschreitungen, bestehen vielfache Zusammenhänge und teils fließende Übergänge. Aus der Theoretisierung dieser Kontinuitäten und der Erweiterung des eigenen Gegenstandsbereiches entstanden wichtige innovative Impulse für die soziale Bewegungsforschung. Deren Verhältnis zu unterschiedlichen Feldern der Gewaltforschung ist jedoch geprägt und teils limitiert durch grundlegend verschiedene Forschungsparadigmen, d. h. Imaginationen des Gegenstandes, in die Horizonte relevanter Fragen und Erklärungslogiken eingeschrieben sind.
Boilerplate and contractual language: Pseudo-contract or blanket assent?
Authors: Butler Brian E.
Published: June 2023

In this article I analyze Kar and Radin’s critique of boilerplate text in contract. The problems identified in boilerplate are significant. I then describe the test that they offer to distinguish between proper contract and “pseudo-contract” in boilerplate. The test is constructed upon the use of Gricean Maxims slightly modified for the context of contract law. Next, Karl Llewellyn’s test for boilerplate is described. Ultimately, through the use of a couple of examples it is argued that Llewellyn’s test is a better option. Even with this result, much of the Kar and Radin critique of boilerplate is significant and valuable.
The concepts of explicature, impliciture and the Coserian invariant/variant distinction in Spanish legal utterances
Authors: Villars Rina
Published: June 2023

This paper addresses the encoding and recovery of an implicit adjectival gender modifier in the statements on political citizenship in most Hispanic American constitutions before female suffrage was instituted. The modifier, which was intended to exclude women, was straightforwardly recovered because citizenship was at the time an exclusive right of men. Eventually, however, linguistic-legal indeterminacy arose when some judges and legislators manipulated a language-system fact, i.e., the dual meaning of masculine gender (marked and unmarked), to argue that the constitutional norm for citizenship included women. The modifier is analyzed in reference to the concepts ofexplicatureandimpliciture,which trace the distinction between explicit and implicit content in ways compatible with my analysis. Neither of the two concepts comprehensively accounts for the encoding and recovery of the modifier. The integral linguistic model of Eugenio Coseriu does so.
Genomic analysis of immunogenic cell death-related subtypes for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Liu Zhiye , Li Wei , You Guoliang , Hu Zhihong , Liu Yuji , Zheng Niandong
Published: June 2023

Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a unique form of cancer cell death, has therapeutic potential in anti-tumour immunotherapy. The aim of this study is to explore the predictive potential of ICD in the prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). RNA sequencing data and clinical information were downloaded from three databases. Unsupervised consistency clustering analysis was used to identify ICD-related clusters and gene clusters. Additionally, the ICD scores were determined using principal component analysis and the Boruta algorithm via dimensionality reduction techniques. Subsequently, three ICD-related clusters and three gene clusters with different prognoses were identified, with differences in specific tumour immune infiltration-related lymphocytes in these clusters. Moreover, the ICD score was well differentiated among patients with GBM, and the ICD score was considered an independent prognostic factor for patients with GBM. Furthermore, two datasets were used for the external validation of ICD scores as predictors of prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes. The validation analysis suggested that patients with high ICD scores had a worse prognosis. Additionally, a higher proportion of patients with high ICD scores were non-responsive to immunotherapy. Thus, the ICD score has the potential as a biomarker to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes of patients with GBM.
Fehler und Fehlurteile im Strafverfahren als kriminologisches Forschungsfeld. Einführung in das Heft
Authors: Drenkhahn Kirstin , Kölbel Ralf , Momsen Carsten
Published: June 2023

Fehlurteile stellen besonders gewichtige Fehlleistungen des Strafrechtssystems dar. Es bedarf daher institutioneller Mechanismen zu deren Vorbeugung und Korrektur. Inwieweit diese ausreichend und funktional ausgestaltet sind, kann nur auf der Basis empirischen Wissens beurteilt werden. Die dahingehende deutsche Forschung dürfte dabei, auch wenn sie in jüngster Zeit eine gewisse Wiederbelebung erfahren hat, von internationalen Studien profitieren. Deshalb gibt der Beitrag zur Einführung in das vorliegende Sonderheft hierüber einen knappen Überblick.
Frühe Hilfen in Deutschland
Authors: Paul Mechthild
Published: June 2023

Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum Stand der Frühen Hilfen in Deutschland. Diese haben zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen, sowohl im präventiven Kinderschutz als auch in der Gesundheitsförderung. Im Kontext des sektorenübergreifenden Arbeitens – insbesondere der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe und des Gesundheitswesens – sowie der Gestaltung von niedrigschwelligen Zugängen für Familien in belasteten Lebenslagen werden die Frühen Hilfen oftmals als Blaupause für die Umsetzung des Health-in-all-Policies-Ansatzes und die Überwindung des Präventionsdilemmas genannt.
Frühe Hilfen international
Authors: Haas Sabine , Weigl Marion
Published: June 2023

Frühe Hilfen tragen im deutschsprachigen Raum zur Umsetzung der UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele sowie des Nurturing Care Framework bei. Die Umsetzung von Frühen Hilfen startete in Deutschland; Österreich, Südtirol und seit kurzem Liechtenstein folgten. In der Schweiz gibt es fachliche Vorarbeiten und Interesse. Die zugrunde liegenden Ziele der Frühen Hilfen in diesen Ländern sind dieselben, in der Umsetzung bestehen jedoch durchaus Unterschiede.
Der Beitrag der Frühen Hilfen zur Umsetzung von Health in all Policies
Authors: Thyen Ute
Published: June 2023

Die Frühen Hilfen (FH) in Deutschland gehören zu den Handlungsfeldern, in denen eine Health in all Policies (HiaP) Strategie konzeptuell angelegt und bereits breit ausgebaut ist. Kernbereiche sind Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention mit guter Vernetzung in einige, wenngleich nicht alle relevanten Handlungsfelder.
SAFE – Sichere Ausbildung für Eltern
Authors: Brisch Karl Heinz , Madarász Olivia
Published: June 2023

Es werden die Grundlagen des bindungsorientierten primären Präventionsprogramms „SAFE-Sichere Ausbildung für Eltern“ und einige Ergebnisse einer randomisierten prospektiven Längsschnittstudie (RCT) einschließlich einer Social Return on Investment Analyse (SROI) vorgestellt. Auf SAFE-Spezial Adaptationen für verschiedene Risikogruppen und zukünftige Entwicklungen wird hingewiesen.
Familien mit Fluchterfahrungen und Frühe Hilfen
Authors: Buschhorn Claudia , Franze Anna
Published: June 2023

In diesem Artikel werden Familien mit Fluchterfahrungen als Zielgruppe der Frühen Hilfen beschrieben. Ausgeführt wird, in welcher Weise sich Besonderheiten in der Arbeit mit dieser Zielgruppe zeigen und welches Potential Frühe Hilfen haben, Familien mit Fluchterfahrung zu unterstützen sowie Fachkräfte aus Systemen jenseits der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe zu sensibilisieren.
Frühe Hilfen digital bekannt machen – Die Dormagener Familien-App
Authors: Ziethen Jonas
Published: June 2023

Um Informationen der Frühen Hilfen digital an die Zielgruppe der werdenden Eltern und Fachkräfte zu bringen, nutzt die Stadt Dormagen seit 2020 eine App-basierte Lösung: Die Dormagener Familien-App. Mit dieser ist es möglich, datenschutzkonform Informationen und Adressdaten zur Verfügung zu stellen, eine Checkliste für Informationen zum Aufwachsen der Kinder anzubieten, sowie für Familien relevante Veranstaltungen zu bewerben.
Der Beitrag des Projekts „GeMuKi – Gemeinsam gesund“ für eine fachübergreifende Versorgungskette
Authors: Bau Anne-Madeleine , Lück Isabel
Published: June 2023

Die gesetzlichen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen während Schwangerschaft, Baby- und Kleinkindalter sind ein optimaler Ansatzpunkt für Lebensstilberatungen zu den Themen Gewicht, Ernährung, Bewegung und Genussmittelkonsum. Perinatale Prävention wirkt, aber das Potenzial der Vorsorgeuntersuchungen wird noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft – das zeigen die Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Studie „GeMuKi – Gemeinsam gesund: Vorsorge plus für Mutter und Kind“.
Frühe Hilfen in und nach der Pandemie – Studienergebnisse aus dem Land Brandenburg
Authors: Geene Raimund , Hartung Elisa , Hummel Lisa , Krase Eric , Rieck Tuan-Anh
Published: June 2023

Die CoViD-19-Pandemie führte in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 zu deutlichen Veränderungen und vielfach erheblichen Belastungen für Familien, die z.T. auch noch fortwirken. Auch die Leistungserbringung in Form familienfördernder Angebote wie die Netzwerke Frühe Hilfen ist von der Pandemie und den Maßnahmen betroffen. Dies hat Arbeits- und Wirkungsweise der Netzwerke beeinflusst und verändert, dabei neben zahlreichen Risiken auch Potenziale, wie das Aufrechterhalten der Betreuung von Familien durch Nutzung digitaler Angebote, offenbart.
The Stria Vascularis in Mice and Humans Is an Early Site of Age-Related Cochlear Degeneration, Macrophage Dysfunction, and Inflammation
Authors: Lang Hainan , Noble Kenyaria V. , Barth Jeremy L. , Rumschlag Jeffrey A. , Jenkins Tyreek R. , Storm Shelby L. , Eckert Mark A. , Dubno Judy R. , Schulte Bradley A.
Published: June 2023

Age-related hearing loss, or presbyacusis, is a common degenerative disorder affecting communication and quality of life for millions of older adults. Multiple pathophysiologic manifestations, along with many cellular and molecular alterations, have been linked to presbyacusis; however, the initial events and causal factors have not been clearly established. Comparisons of the transcriptome in the lateral wall (LW) with other cochlear regions in a mouse model (of both sexes) of “normal” age-related hearing loss revealed that early pathophysiological alterations in the stria vascularis (SV) are associated with increased macrophage activation and a molecular signature indicative of inflammaging, a common form of immune dysfunction. Structure-function correlation analyses in mice across the lifespan showed that the age-dependent increase in macrophage activation in the stria vascularis is associated with a decline in auditory sensitivity. High-resolution imaging analysis of macrophage activation in middle-aged and aged mouse and human cochleas, along with transcriptomic analysis of age-dependent changes in mouse cochlear macrophage gene expression, support the hypothesis that aberrant macrophage activity is an important contributor to age-dependent strial dysfunction, cochlear pathology, and hearing loss. Thus, this study highlights the SV as a primary site of age-related cochlear degeneration and aberrant macrophage activity and dysregulation of the immune system as early indicators of age-related cochlear pathology and hearing loss. Importantly, novel new imaging methods described here now provide a means to analyze human temporal bones in a way that had not previously been feasible and thereby represent a significant new tool for otopathological evaluation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAge-related hearing loss is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting communication and quality of life. Current interventions (primarily hearing aids and cochlear implants) offer imperfect and often unsuccessful therapeutic outcomes. Identification of early pathology and causal factors is crucial for the development of new treatments and early diagnostic tests. Here, we find that the SV, a nonsensory component of the cochlea, is an early site of structural and functional pathology in mice and humans that is characterized by aberrant immune cell activity. We also establish a new technique for evaluating cochleas from human temporal bones, an important but understudied area of research because of a lack of well-preserved human specimens and difficult tissue preparation and processing approaches.
Readiness Level of Employees in Position Transfers at State Universities: Analysis of State Administrative Law Perspective
Authors: Mursidah Siti , Handoyo Eko , Widodo Mulyo
Published: June 2023

The post-holder now has to adapt the new simplified regulation about changing structural position from echelon III and IV to the functional position. Since this regulation has been issued recently, they sometimes will experience the feeling of pessimism, anxiety or worry in playing the role of the new position.  The problems to be solved in this research are: 1) what are the problems faced by the functional post-holder? 2) what is the strategy adopted in carrying out the duties and functions of functional post-holder?  This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach with a mix-method. This study take place in the representatives of state universities in Indonesia. The mix-method was used to obtain comprehensive results on the readiness of education personnel whose function was switched from structural positions to functional position in universities under the Ministry of Education, Cultural, Research and Technology who were affected by the changing of echelon III and IV structural positions.  The conclusion of this study is that education personnel whose function was switched from structural positions to functional position experience problems including incompatibility of educational background with their functional position, incompatibility of job desk with their interests and expectations. The incompatibility of functional position with the placement of job unit causes lack of positive impact on their working record and the decrease of financial support.
Digital Markets Act (DMA) – Verhältnis zu § 19a GWB und private Rechtsdurchsetzung
Authors: Haus Florian C. , Steinseifer Sarah
Published: June 2023

Eine strengere Kontrolle der Verhaltensweisen der „Digitalkonzerne“ – das war schon längere Zeit auf der Agenda der EU-Kommission. Mit dem zum 1. 11. 2022 in Kraft getretenen und ab dem 2. 5. 2023 gültigen Digital Markets Act (kurz: DMA) ist sie diesem Ziel einen großen Schritt nähergekommen. Nun sollen die insbesondere von Google, Amazon, Meta, Apple und Microsoft errichteten digitalen „Ökosysteme“ aufgebrochen werden, um die Bestreitbarkeit und Fairness der Märkte im digitalen Sektor zu gewährleisten. Die langwierigen und aufwändigen Verfahren der Generaldirektion Wettbewerb, denen sich regelmäßig Nichtigkeitsklagen gegen abschließende Entscheidungen und Auseinandersetzungen über Auflagen vor den europäischen Gerichten anschlossen, sollen mit dem neuen Werkzeug des DMA der Vergangenheit angehören – so zumindest das Bestreben der EU-Kommission. Obwohl die Regelungen des Gesetzes über digitale Märkte nun Realität für die betroffenen „Gatekeeper“ bzw. „Torwächter“ sind, wirft der DMA noch eine Vielzahl ungeklärter Einzelfragen auf formeller und materieller Ebene auf. Dieser Beitrag will zwei übergeordnete Themen behandeln: Erstens: Wie verhalten sich die Regelungen des DMA zu § 19a GWB, seinem deutschen Pendant? Zwar trägt der DMA das Etikett „Regulierungsrecht“, welches neben das Wettbewerbsrecht tritt. Dennoch sind die Parallelen zu § 19a GWB kaum zu ignorieren. Und zweitens: Ist der DMA einer privaten Rechtsdurchsetzung zugänglich und falls ja, auf welche Anspruchsgrundlage können Ansprüche der Betroffenen gestützt werden? Die Antwort ergibt sich nicht ohne Weiteres aus dem Wortlaut des DMA. Die 11. GWB-Novelle verspricht jedoch Abhilfe zu schaffen.
Ne bis in idem nach Art. 50 GrCh – Ein Beitrag zur Menci-Rechtsprechung des EuGH
Authors: Raum Rolf
Published: June 2023

Der EuGH hat in drei Entscheidungen die Voraussetzungen des Doppelverfolgungsverbots (ne bis in idem) konkretisiert. Dabei ist seine weite Begriffsbestimmung des Merkmals „bestraft“ nach Art. 50 GrCh hervorzuheben. Diese macht es für den EuGH erforderlich, die nach Art. 52 GrCh verbliebenen Möglichkeiten einer weiteren Sanktionierung schärfer zu konturieren, wobei die dort genannten Anforderungen die Rechtsanwendungspraxis zukünftig stark beeinflussen werden.
Identification and analysis of ancient ship wood excavated at Nantong hydraulic site
Authors: Gao Qinghui , You Jiang , Liao Xiaomei , Wang Zhigao
Published: June 2023

The Nantong Ancient Ship refers to an ancient Chinese wooden ship of the late Ming Dynasty excavated in Nantong city in December 2022. This paper identifies the wood and discusses its related analysis. Wood samples extracted from the Nantong Ancient Ship were studied from the viewpoints of anatomy, physics, and chemistry. Microscopic identification results concluded that willow and Chinese fir were the main wood species used to make this ship. The content of holocellulose in the ancient wood was only 37.9 to 38.9%, while the content of lignin was 55.2 to 56.4%. The cellulose crystallinity of ancient wood was 39 to 42% lower than that of healthy recent wood. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed that the deterioration of ancient wood caused cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, but no apparent lignin alteration. The results could provide a basis for drawing up a conservation plan for the Nantong Ancient Ship. They could also provide a reference for the research and conservation of other archaeological shipwrecks in China.
Translation as a Solution to Textual Problems (from the Experience of Translating the Memoirs of A. G. Dostoevskaya into Spanish)
Authors: González Alejandro
Published: June 2023

The article presents some results of the work on the translation of the complete edition of A. G. Dostoevskaya’s memoirs into Spanish, which will be published in Madrid in 2023. This work was carried out in 2022 based on a Russian-language edition published in 2015 by the Boslen publishing house and edited by I. S. Andrianova and B. N. Tikhomirov. The Soviet editions of this text are not complete. The memoirs of the writer’s wife were translated into Spanish only once: the publication was published in 1978 in Buenos Aires and republished in 2021 in Madrid. However, it is replete with abbreviations and is a secondary translation: its source is not the original publication in Russian, but its translation into Italian. These circumstances undoubtedly distort the text of A. G. Dostoevskaya’s memoirs for Spanish-speaking readers. The editors of the 2015 Russian edition conducted a thorough textual examination of the white autograph of the memoirs of the writer’s wife. However, in the process of its translation, it was possible to clarify and comment on certain features of the text, to identify memory errors (“Ehrenbreitstein” instead of the correct “Ebersteinburg,” etc.) and possible typos of the memoirs’ author. The first complete translation of Dostoevsky’s wife’s memoirs into Spanish was born in close cooperation between the translator and the editors/compilers of the 2015 Russian-language edition.