bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMAHAMAN HUKUM KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL BAGI CIVITAS AKADEMIKA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Sudjana Sudjana
Published: January 2022

Kajian ini untuk menentukan upaya meningkatkan pemahaman Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual terhadap mahasiswa dan dosen di Perguruan Tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yaitu mengidentifikasikan pemahaman Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual bagi civitas akademika di Perguruan Tinggi kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa pemberian pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap  Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual  di Perguruan Tinggi dapat dilakukan melalui proses belajar mengajar yang terstruktur dengan  menyusun silabus  dan Satuan Acara Perkuliahan sesuai substansinya berdasarkan jenis Kekayaan Intelektual dan memperhatikan  format pembelajaran yaitu sikap, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan serta melakukan evaluasi  terhadap  ketiga  aspek tersebut. Upaya tersebut, bagi fakultas yang  tidak ada dalam kurikulumnya dapat dilakukan melalui revisi kurikulum  dengan cara memasukan sebagai mata kuliah wajib atau pilihan, sedangkan  peningkatan pemahaman Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual bagi dosen  dapat dilakukan  melalui peran aktifnya dalam kegiatan ilmiah.
Development of an Intelligent Snowplow Truck that Integrates Telematics Technology, Roadway Sensors, and Connected Vehicle
Authors: Mahlberg Justin , Zhang Yaguang , Jha Sneha , Mathew Jijo K. , Li Howell , Desai Jairaj , Kim Woosung , McGuffey Jeremy , Wells Tim , Krogmeir James V. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: January 2022

The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) manages and maintains over 28,000 miles of roadways. Maintenance of the roadways includes pavement repair in the summer as well as snow removal and de-icing in the winter. The prioritization of assets during winter storm events is crucial and impacts travel and safety. The objective of this project was to identify and develop tools INDOT could provide its operators to effectively perform winter operation de-icing activities. This project examined application methods and data to provide analytics and make data-driven decisions for state-wide deployment and operations. Discovery of calibration metrics partnered with fleetwide telematics enabled the development of analytic dashboards that allowed real-time evaluations and adjustments to be made during winter operation activities. These tools will allow the agency to better treat and enhance safety for road users.
Vital Role of IPFT in Development of New-Generation Pesticide Formulation for Crop Protection: Advancement Overview in Asian Countries
Authors: Iqbal Nusrat , Agrawal Amrish , Imteyaz Alam Md. , Kumar Jitendra
Published: January 2022

The agricultural sector of Asian countries supports 60% of the global population, accounting one-fifth of the world’s agricultural land. Despite the gap between demand and supply of food is gradually increasing due to the damages caused by insect and other pest attacks on the limited agricultural land, the pest attack has influenced the entire agriculture sector either directly or indirectly, causing socioeconomic losses. To combat, farmers have been using conventional agrochemicals nonjudiciously that lead to adverse effects such as pesticide resistance, environmental contamination, and non-target toxicity. In this regard, new-generation agrochemical formulation techniques are advantageous over conventional pesticides and play a vital role in sustainable agriculture by fulfilling the demand of over-rising food supply to feed the increasing population. These formulations exhibit desired bio-efficacy at lower doses and have minimum possibility to leave pesticide residues in crop products and the environment. Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, is one of the leading institutes in Asia, which is actively engaged in developing new-generation formulations to deliver safer, efficient, and environment-friendly pesticide formulations. So far, IPFT has developed 60 pesticide formulations and transferred technologies to different agrochemical industries globally. The new-generation formulations developed by IPFT mainly include microemulsion, nanoemulsion, capsulated suspension, nano-encapsulation, an emulsion in water, mixed formulations including several botanical pesticide formulations. The new advancement in pesticide delivery systems is very supportive in combating the crisis faced by the agricultural sector. In this chapter, formulation of different new-generation pesticides and their advancement are summarized.
Starch-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Gamage Ashoka , Punniamoorthy Thiviya , Madhujith Terrence
Published: January 2022

Environmental pollution is becoming a major global issue with increasing anthropogenic activities that release massive toxic pollutants into the land, air, and water. Nanomaterials have gained the most popularity in the last decades over conventional methods because of their high surface area to volume ratio and higher reactivity. Nanomaterials including metal, metal oxide, zero-valent ions, carbonaceous nanomaterials, and polymers function as adsorbents, catalysts, photocatalysts, membrane (filtration), disinfectants, and sensors in the detection and removal of various pollutants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes, industrial effluents, and pathogenic microbial. Polymer-inorganic hybrid materials or nanocomposites are highly studied for the removal of various contaminants. Starch, a heteropolysaccharide, is a natural biopolymer generally incorporated with other metal, metal oxide, and other polymeric nanoparticles and has been reported in various environmental remediation applications as a low-cost alternative for petroleum-based polymers. Therefore, this chapter mainly highlights the various nanomaterials used in environmental remediation, starch-based hybrid nanomaterials, and their application and limitations.
Key concepts for searching evidence: an introduction for healthcare professionals
Authors: Trivisonno Leonel Fabrizio , Escobar Liquitay Camila , Vergara-Merino Laura , Pérez-Bracchiglione Javier , Ariel Franco Juan Víctor
Published: January 2022

La abundante bibliografía disponible actualmente sobre una determinada temática puede hacer que el proceso de búsqueda se vuelva una experiencia extenuante y frustrante. Por esta razón, resulta necesario tener presente los conceptos básicos sobre formulación de preguntas, fuentes de información y estrategias de búsqueda a fin de hacer más eficaz y amigable a este proceso. La generación de una estrategia de búsqueda es un proceso iterativo que permite incorporar herramientas y términos en el diseño de esta para optimizar la recuperación de evidencia. Cada estrategia variará según la pregunta formulada, el lenguaje utilizado, la fuente de información a la cual se accede y las herramientas utilizadas que se encuentren disponibles en dichas fuentes. Este artículo es parte de una serie metodológica de revisiones narrativas sobre aspectos relacionados con bioestadística y epidemiología clínica. El objetivo de esta revisión es detallar y brindar múltiples herramientas para la búsqueda aplicada al ámbito clínico, analizando paso a paso su formulación y aplicación tanto en fuentes comunes y accesibles (como Google y Google Académico), como en interfaces de búsqueda y bases de datos centradas en conocimiento biomédico de carácter técnico-científico (PubMed y The Cochrane Library).
The Secession decorative elements in the residential architecture in Belgrade in the early 20th century
Authors: Milosavljević Angelina , Stefanović Tadija
Published: January 2022

The tendency towards modernization is noticeable in Belgrade's architecture from the beginning of the 20th century, in the form of stylistic norms adopted from the Vienna Secession, which was the medium through which the forces of the reforms in architecture, culture and art were incorporated in the overall processes of modernization of in The Kingdom of Serbia. These processes reflect the cultural strivings of Serbian society, the efforts to demonstrate its cosmopolitan spirit, and the need to elevate and complement its historicist architectural stock, grounded in academic and national models, with more modern elements. In the architecture of the Serbian capital, the Secession brought together and conciliated, in a way, these two tendencies. Only a small number of buildings were composed in the dominant Secession style, with the basic characteristics of dissolution and negation of the earlier compositional schemes of strictly symmetrical horizontal and tripartite, or quinquepartite division of façades with risalits and enclosed façades, as well as conspicuous cornices and friezes, pilasters, framed portals and windows. The Secession's decorative schemes were gradually introduced into the architecture of Belgrade as an authentic depository of a new decorative programme that consisted of both typical and original floral, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and geometric ornaments, which replaced the classical repertory. This was especially prominent in the residential architecture that carried the ideas of the Secession. Therefore, one of the main goals of this essay is to interpret the role of the Secession in residential architecture in Belgrade from the beginning of the 20th century, and to introduce some of its lesser-known examples.
Urban development of Cetinje and Bari observed through of the activities of Augusto Cesare Corradini (1900-1931)
Authors: Dajković Aleksandar
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the chronological development of urbanism in Cetinje and Bari observed through the work of Italian architect Augusto Cesare Corradini (Augusto Cesare Corradini 1860-1932). Corradini contributed to the intensive urban and architectural development of Cetinje, the former capital of Montenegro, in the period 1900-1912, and Bari, the center of the Pula region, especially in the period 1905-1931. In these environments, he managed to define spaces with recognizable urban-architectural creations with an artistic sign, either as a segment of international eclecticism, such as the Russian legation in Cetinje (1900), Fizzarotti Palace (1906-1908) and Ingami Scalvini Palace (1923) or rationalism/modernism, such as the Fiat Palace (1925) and the pavilion of the Navigation Company of Puglia (1930) in Bari. Corradini especially defined the urban identity of cities with monumental buildings and complexes - the Government House in Cetinje (1910), and the Fiera del Levante (1928) in Bari. Aimed at acting in different environments and socio-political systems, his work had a special architectural expression with an undoubtedly semantic character. With new stylistic concepts and forms of spatial organization, he permanently influenced the modern urbanarchitectural processes of the mentioned cities, and the status of his work as national cultural goods confirms its importance as a unique combination of functional and decorative, artistic and technical. Through his integral view of urban trends and Corradini's work in Cetinje and Bari, the strong influence of this Italian architect on the formation of unique urban matrices can be seen.
Differences in iron accumulation in the grain between and within Aegilops and Triticum species
Authors: Kastori Rudolf , Maksimović Ivana , Momčilović Vojislava , Mirosavljević Milan , Putnik-Delić Marina , Daničič Milena
Published: January 2022

Plants are the most important source of Fe for humans and animals; therefore, its accumulation in edible plant parts is of great importance. Since plant species, ecotypes, genotypes, lines, and varieties may differ in their ability to accumulate mineral elements, the aim of this study was to i) examine the accumulation of Fe in the grain of Aegilops and Triticum species with different genomes (AA, BB, BBAA, BBAADD), ii) study the relationship between the level of ploidy and grain Fe accumulation, and iii) analyze correlations between grain size and Fe concentration. Twenty different genotypes were included in three-year field experiments. The examined species and genotypes differed significantly with respect to grain Fe concentration, which was the highest in diploid Aegilops speltoides (BB genome). Tetraploid and modern cultivated hexaploid varieties displayed substantial variation in Fe concentration in the whole grain. Genotypes also differed significantly in thousand grain weight (TGW), which was the smallest in Aegilops speltoides. A significant negative correlation was found between grain Fe concentration and TGW, and a positive correlation between TGW and Fe content in individual grains. The higher accumulation of Fe in individual grains of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat vs. diploid ancestors suggests that the increase in ploidy led to an increase in the capacity of grains to serve as a sink for that Fe. The results indicate that genetic diversity in the wheat genome is sufficient to allow a significant increase in Fe concentration in the wheat grain.
Multiparametric analysis of blood parameters and hyperketonemia in cows
Authors: Cincović Marko , Delić-Vujanović Biljana , Đoković Radojica , Belić Branislava , Blond Bojan , Grubač Siniša , Krnjaić Srđan , Majkić Mira
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the interrelationships and importance of biochemical and endocrine blood parameters in the assessment of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) values in healthy and ketotic cows using multiparameter statistics. The experiment included 45 Holstein Friesian cows (22 healthy and 23 with ketosis). The criterion used for detecting ketosis was the value of BHB ˃1.2 mmol/L. Based on laboratory indicators, cows were precisely classified into two large clusters: a cluster of healthy cows and a cluster of cows suffering from ketosis with minimal mixing of individual cows between clusters. Metabolic parameters were divided into two large clusters: parameters whose values increased in ketosis and decreased in healthy animals and parameters whose values decreased in ketosis and increased in healthy individuals. In ketotic cows there was a higher expression of non-esterified fatty acids, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, insulin and growth hormone, and a lower expression of glucose, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids compared to the healthy group. In 3 cows with ketosis, greater metabolic similarity with healthy cows was found, because of the absence of pronounced changes in the concentration of hormones and glucose. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine showed either increased or decreased expression in ketotic cows. In cows with lower values of these hormones, there were more pronounced metabolic changes characteristic of ketosis. For the development of metabolic adaptations to ketosis, in addition to hyperketonemia, there must be endocrine changes and changes in glycemia.
How long can primed soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds be stored in natron paper bags?
Authors: Mamlić Zlatica , Maksimović Ivana , Crnobarac Jovan , Đorđević Vuk , Delić-Putnik Marina , Đukić Vojin , Uhlarik Ana
Published: January 2022

Priming of legume seeds before sowing was performed by Roman farmers in order to increase the germination rate and synchronize germination, as reported by the Roman naturalist Gaius Plinius Secundus. Several centuries later, this technique is still used for a wide range of species. However, in order for this measure to be used successfully in production, it is necessary to find a solution for the successful storage of primed seeds. The storage potential of primed soybean seeds was determined by a temperature of 25 °C during the period of 90 days. Soybean seeds were primed with KNO3 (1%), AsA (100 mg L-1) and KCl (1%) solutions, and then stored in natron paper bags, and their quality was tested every 15 days. The results showed that a reduction in the quality of primed seeds was considerably faster than in non-primed seeds. Primed soybean seeds were successfully stored at a temperature of 25 °C for 60 days after priming, and then a significant reduction in their quality occurred. One of the causes of seed quality reduction was an increase in MDA content, especially after 75 and 90 days of storage. Also, free proline concentration was reduced while the content of vitamin C increased after 15 days primarily in seeds primed in AsA and KCl solutions, and decreased after 45 days.
Morphometric parameters of the head of the Bosnian broken-haired hound: Barak
Authors: Nikitović Jelena , Urošević Milivoje , Drobnjak Darko
Published: January 2022

Parameters of the head are among the most important characteristics of each dog breed. The first morphometric examination of hounds on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was performed by Laska in 1905. Since then, no one has ever conducted morphometric measurements on the Bosnian broken-haired hound - Barak. The breed itself is recognized by the FCI, and described under standard No 155, 1973. As for the head, the standard only describes the length, with no other parameters. The aim of this paper was to determine the basic parameters of the head of the Bosnian broken-haired hound - Barak by conducting zootechnical measurements. The study involved 120 dogs, including 64 males and 56 females, aged from 9 months to 10 years, from the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total of five parameters of the head was measured on each dog, and four indexes were calculated based on these measurements. This paper is the first analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the head of the Bosnian broken-haired hound Barak, and the results can be used for further detailed description of this breed.
Digitalization in the meat chain
Authors: Nastasijević Ivan , Vesković-Moračanin Slavica
Published: January 2022

The meat supply chain should be regularly monitored to ensure the safety of products. Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and blockchain technologies will have a tremendous and disruptive effect on the meat supply chain system in terms of improving the monitoring and surveillance of hazards at multiple points along the meat chain (pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest), in the farm-to-retail continuum, as well as providing better quality of information to consumers for informed decisions regarding food purchase. The farm-to-fork food chain continuum should be managed to provide an appropriate level of consumer protection (ALOP). This can be achieved by science-based risk assessment, which includes information about the prevalence and concentration of major public health hazards (epidemiological indicators) of zoonotic origin (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli/STEC) in all modules along the food (meat) chain: farm - transport - slaughterhouse - meat processing - distribution - retail - consumers. The integration of digital technologies to the Food (Meat) Safety Management System or Meat Safety Assurance System will enhance the integration of Food Chain Information and Harmonized Epidemiological Indicators along the meat chain, from farm to retail (bottom-up) and vice versa from retail to farm (top-down). Meat chain digitalization will also increase the transparency and visibility of all actors involved in meat production, processing, distribution and retail (farmers, meat business operators, competent authorities, retailers), and provide the basis for benchmarking producers and retail chains, as well as pro-active consumer participation in defining future food policies at the national and global level.
Minimally invasive coronary surgery
Authors: Todić Mirko , Drljević-Todić Vanja , Preveden Andrej , Redžek Aleksandar , Preveden Mihaela , Zdravković Ranko , Kalinić Novica
Published: January 2022

Minimally invasive options for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery progressed dramatically in the last decades. Minimally invasive CABG surgery is presented trough these forms: minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), endoscopic atraumatic coronary artery bypass (EndoACAB), robot-assisted direct coronary artery bypass (RADCAB), total endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB), and hybrid coronary revascularisation (HCR). Unfortunately, these are still limited only to the specialised centres across the world and have not been accepted by the majority of cardiac surgeons. A surgeon who is starting to practice minimally invasive CABG surgery needs to be ready for long duration of the interventions, higher rate of conversions to sternotomy and significant learning curve. Excellent results that have been published on the subject of minimally invasive revascularisation methods support the potential of these alternative approaches to evolve in the near future.
The venous contribution to cardiovascular performance: From systemic veins to left ventricular function: A review
Authors: Bombardini Tonino
Published: January 2022

The venous system contains ≈ 70 % of the total blood volume and is responsible in heart failure for key symptoms of congestion. It is active: it can increase or relax its tone with physiologic or pharmacologic stimuli. It is heterogeneous, behaves as a two-compartment model, compliant (splanchnic veins) and noncompliant (nonsplanchnic veins). It is dynamic in health and disease: in heart failure the vascular capacitance (storage space) is decreased and can result in volume redistribution from the abdominal compartment to the thoracic compartment (heart and lungs), which increases pulmonary pressures and precipitates pulmonary congestion. A noninvasive assessment of venous function, at rest and dynamically during stress, is warranted. The systemic haemodynamic congestion is assessed with inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility. The pulmonary congestion is assessed with B-lines and pleural effusion. The contribution of left ventricular filling is assessed with end-diastolic volume, integrated with left ventricular function.
Obtaining of medical textiles based on viscose and chitosan with simultaneously improved sorption and antibacterial properties by using dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Korica Matea , Kramar Ana , Peršin Zdenka , Obradović Bratislav , Kuraica Milorad , Fras-Zemljič Lidija , Kostić Mirjana
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to obtain textile based on viscose and chitosan with simultaneously improved sorption and antibacterial properties. For that reason, before functionalization with chitosan, the viscose fabric was modified by nonthermal gas plasma of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to introduce into its structure functional groups suitable for improved adsorption of chitosan. Functional groups' content of unmodified and DBD modified viscose fabric was determined by the calcium acetate method, while their influence on the surface charge, as well as the success of the functionalization of viscose fabrics with chitosan, was evaluated by measuring the zeta potential. Morphological, sorption and antibacterial properties of unmodified and DBD modified viscose fabrics, before and after functionalization with chitosan, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, capillary rise method, and standard test method ASTME 2149-01: 2001, respectively. The obtained results showed that the treatment with DBD contributed to the simultaneous improvement of sorption and antibacterial properties of viscose fabric functionalized with chitosan, making it suitable for the production of high value-added medical textiles.
Why and when is it important to use the standardized questionnaire 'Ages & Stages Questionnaires' (ASQ-3)-'Age & development of the child', for assessment and monitoring of children's development in early childhood?
Authors: Lozanović Dragana , Milidrag Marica , Bogdanović Radovan , Sokal-Jovanović Ljiljana , Videnović Marina , Stepanović-Ilić Ivana
Published: January 2022

In pediatric primary health care, one of the basic activities is the prevention of diseases and conditions that endanger the quality of life of the child and his/her daily functioning in the environment. According to world data , about 17% of children have some developmental difficulties which are discovered in only 50% of them before they start school. The goal of development assessment is systematic and precise early detection of deviations from normative development, timely undertaking of appropriate interventions, as well as elimination or mitigation of disorders. Research has shown that the use of instruments has increased the early detection of developmental delays or developmental disorders (in this way, 70-80% of children with developmental problems are detected) and provided an opportunity for early application of intervention measures. The set of 21 Ages & Stages Questionnaires ASQ-3 has been used for more than 30 years worldwide to screen and evaluate children's development by observing how children progress in important areas such as speech, physical ability, social and problem-solving skills for children aged 2 months to 5.5 years. It is filled in by parents and returned to professionals, and they further make an assessment based on clear instructions on the procedure of writing results in the domains of development, scoring (graphical and tabular) interpretation and communication, as well as training parents to stimulate development through play, ie. what to do next with the child's parent to stimulate development through play, ie. how and what to do next with the child. In the past ten years, the Association of Pediatricians of Serbia, together with its partners, has advocated for a comprehensive assessment and monitoring of children's development using valid instruments in the framework of preventive pediatric examinations. Through a series of projects in this area, through education of pediatricians and associates, and by application in practice, the standardized questionnaire ASQ-3, entitled "Age and development of the child" was tested and adapted in 2019.
Hashimoto encephalopathy with positive oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Martić Vesna , Stojanov Aleksandar , Ilić Tihomir
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is a rare and often misdiagnosed entity. Except high levels of the thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG) antibodies, neurophysiological and psychological tests are beneficial for the diagnosis. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of these patients is very rare. We present a patient with HE and oligoclonal bands in CSF with good clinical response on corticosteroid therapy. Case report: Male patient, 39 years old, suddenly developed focal neurologic deficit. He had elevated anti-TPO and anti TG antibodies, impaired concentration on psychologist report and oligoclonal bands in CSF. Slowing of electroencephalography activity was normalized with full clinical recovery of the patients, after corticosteroid therapy. The patient is in clinical remission 5 years after establishing the diagnosis. Conclusion: Oligoclonal bands in the CSF may be helpful in the diagnosis of HE considering that it is still poorly understood entity. Also fast diagnosis of HE and treatment with corticosteroids are important for a full recovery of this patients.
On the Revolutionary Tradition of Shandong and Its Contemporary Value of Ideological and Political Education ——From the Perspective of School Cadre Education in Shandong during the War of Resistance against Japan
Authors:   SHANDONG UNIVERSIYT, WAN Guangyuan
Published: January 2022

Due to the special geographical, historical and cultural environment, Shandong province gave birth to various virtues and good traditions inherited by generations of local people, including the spirit of hard work, creativity and dedication, the character of boldness, Righteousness and fearlessness of violence, the love of the country and bravery in resistance to foreign aggressions. Thus by exploring the connotation and analyzing the revolutionary tradition in Shandong as well as its application and presentation in the cadre education at school during the War of Resistance against Japan, this paper attempts to bring its educational value into full play in doing well in the ideological and political work of the Communist Party of China in the new era.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Environment on Entrepreneurial Will of The Youth in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area ——Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavior Control
Authors: HUANG Yuxuan , ZHANG Xinyu , FENG Yaxuan
Published: January 2022

The youth from Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as the main body of science and technology innovation, is the core driving force for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to become an international innovation and entrepreneurship base. Based on the TPB, this paper analyzes the mediating effects of entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control, and establishes a structural equation model, to explore the mechanism and path of the impact of the entrepreneurial environment on the entrepreneurial will of the youth in the bay area. This paper finds that these three dimensions of the TPB play multiple mediating roles in the path of the impact of the entrepreneurial environment on the entrepreneurial will, and it has a completely mediating effect, that is, the entrepreneurial environment influences the entrepreneurial will by influencing personal attitude, perceptual behavior control and subjective norm. Therefore, in the future, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area government should enhance the entrepreneurship willingness of the young people in the three places through preferential policies for starting businesses, open channels for innovation and business start-up information, and deepening the openness and innovation of the institutional mechanism of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.
Whether Zeroing is Consistent with the "Fair Comparison" Requirement in Article 2.4 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement? Take United States - Final Dumping Determination on Softwood Lumber from Canada - Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU(WT/DS264/AB/RW) by Canada as an example
Authors:   Ningde Normal University, School of Economics and Management, WANG Aiqing
Published: January 2022

This article takes the World Trade Organization’s dispute over the final dumping ruling (Article 21.5 of the DSU) (WT/DS264/AB/RW) of United States — Final Dumping Determination on Softwood Lumber from Canada as an example and analyses Article 2.4 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement Requirements for “Fair Comparison". It also analysed The Consistency of Zeroing under the Transaction-to-Transaction Comparison Methodology with Article 2.4 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement.
Satellite data based abundance mapping of mafic and ultramafic rocks in Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Libeesh Nharakkat Kalarikkal , Arivazhagan Sundaram
Published: January 2022

The mafic and ultramafic rocks of Mettupalayam belong to the southern granulite terrain of India, which is concomitant with vital economic resources. The advantage of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) data for mapping the litho units are exploited well here for differentiating the rock units with the aid of band combination (1, 3, 6), principal component analysis (5, 1, 6) and band ratioed band combination (2/3, 3/2, 1/5 and (9–8)/1, (8–6)/2, and (9–6)/3). As part of the field study, the collection of samples and ground control points were carried out and in addition to that, the generation of laboratory reflectance spectra for samples was achieved. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were performed using ASTER data with the aid of spectra obtained from the laboratory conditions to demarcate the abundance of mafic and ultramafic rocks of the area. The XRF method was used to retrieve the major oxides of the field-collected samples and the spectral absorption characters are validated with it. The results show a vibrant interpretation of the litho units.
Experimental analysis of influence of different charge-discharge modes on lithium storage performance of reduced graphene oxide electrodes
Authors: Zhang Gai , Xie Hai-Mei , Song Hai-Bin , Li Xiao-Fei , Zhang Qian , Kang Yi-Lan ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Engineering Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China,   Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Published: January 2022

In this paper we conduct comprehensive experimental research and analyze the effect of charge-discharge modes on the performance of lithium storage. Four charge-discharge modes are designed, and the lithium storage performance experiments of the reduced graphene oxide electrode under different charge-discharge modes are carried out to analyze the effect mechanism of charge-discharge mode on lithium storage time and capacity from two aspects of electrode dynamic reaction performance and strain. The experimental results show that the shorter the lithium storage time of the electrode, the more the capacity loss under different charge-discharge modes. Comprehensive data analysis indicates that the charge transfer resistance, diffusion coefficient, overpotential and strain in the electrochemical process show non-linear and staged characteristics, resulting in the different lithium storage performances’ mechanism of different stages under different charge-discharge modes. Finally, “High current-low current” mode is proposed as a feasible optimization plan for charging and discharging. In the initial stage-I, the dual role of large electric field drive and concentration gradient drive enhances the migration and diffusion rate and shortens the lithium storage time; in the stage-II, the small current relieves local concentration accumulation and increases the amount of lithium inserted, thereby giving full play to the greatest advantage of current in each stage and balance the discrepancy between time and capacity. And this discussion provides certain guidance for designing and optimizing the fast charging technology.
Context-dependent relationships between locus coeruleus firing patterns and coordinated neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Joshi Siddhartha , Gold Joshua I
Published: January 2022

Ascending neuromodulatory projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) affect cortical neural networks via the release of norepinephrine (NE). However, the exact nature of these neuromodulatory effects on neural activity patterns in vivo is not well understood. Here, we show that in awake monkeys, LC activation is associated with changes in coordinated activity patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). These relationships, which are largely independent of changes in firing rates of individual ACC neurons, depend on the type of LC activation: ACC pairwise correlations tend to be reduced when ongoing (baseline) LC activity increases but enhanced when external events evoke transient LC responses. Both relationships covary with pupil changes that reflect LC activation and arousal. These results suggest that modulations of information processing that reflect changes in coordinated activity patterns in cortical networks can result partly from ongoing, context-dependent, arousal-related changes in activation of the LC-NE system.
Stress conditions promote Leishmania hybridization in vitro marked by expression of the ancestral gamete fusogen HAP2 as revealed by single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Louradour Isabelle , Ferreira Tiago Rodrigues , Duge Emma , Karunaweera Nadira , Paun Andrea , Sacks David
Published: January 2022

Leishmania are protozoan parasites transmitted by the bite of sand fly vectors producing a wide spectrum of diseases in their mammalian hosts. These diverse clinical outcomes are directly associated with parasite strain and species diversity. Although Leishmania reproduction is mainly clonal, a cryptic sexual cycle capable of producing hybrid genotypes has been inferred from population genetic studies and directly demonstrated by laboratory crosses. Experimentally, mating competence has been largely confined to promastigotes developing in the sand fly midgut. The ability to hybridize culture promastigotes in vitro has been limited so far to low-efficiency crosses between two Leishmania tropica strains, L747 and MA37, that mate with high efficiency in flies. Here, we show that exposure of promastigote cultures to DNA damage stress produces a remarkably enhanced efficiency of in vitro hybridization of the L. tropica strains and extends to other species, including Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania braziliensis, a capacity to generate intra- and interspecific hybrids. Whole-genome sequencing and total DNA content analyses indicate that the hybrids are in each case full genome, mostly tetraploid hybrids. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the L747 and MA37 parental lines highlights the transcriptome heterogeneity of culture promastigotes and reveals discrete clusters that emerge post-irradiation in which genes potentially involved in genetic exchange are expressed, including the ancestral gamete fusogen HAP2. By generating reporter constructs for HAP2, we could select for promastigotes that could either hybridize or not in vitro. Overall, this work reveals that there are specific populations involved in Leishmania hybridization associated with a discernible transcriptomic signature, and that stress facilitated in vitro hybridization can be a transformative approach to generate large numbers of hybrid genotypes between diverse species and strains.
Response to comment on ‘SARS-CoV-2 suppresses anticoagulant and fibrinolytic gene expression in the lung’
Authors: Mast Alan E , Wolberg Alisa S , Gailani David , Garvin Michael R , Alvarez Christiane , Miller J Izaak , Jones Piet , Aronow Bruce , Jacobson Daniel
Published: January 2022

Early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we compared transcriptome data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and control patients without COVID-19. We found changes in procoagulant and fibrinolytic gene expression in the lungs of COVID-19 patients (Mast et al., 2021). These findings have been challenged based on issues with the samples (Fitzgerald and Jamieson, 2022). We have revisited our previous analyses in the light of this challenge and find that these new analyses support our original conclusions.
Antigenic properties of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein are altered by the RNA admixture
Authors: Kolesov Denis E. , Sinegubova Maria V. , Safenkova Irina V. , Vorobiev Ivan I. , Orlova Nadezhda A.
Published: January 2022

Determining the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens is the best way to identify infected people, regardless of the development of symptoms of COVID-19. The nucleoprotein (NP) of the SARS-CoV-2 is an immunodominant antigen of the virus; anti-NP antibodies are detected in persons previously infected with the virus with the highest titers. Many test systems for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 contain NP or its fragments as antigen. The sensitivity and specificity of such test systems differ significantly, which can be explained by variations in the antigenic properties of NP caused by differences in the methods of its cultivation, isolation and purification. We investigated this effect for the Escherichia coli-derived SARS-CoV-2 NP, obtained from the cytoplasm in the soluble form. We hypothesized that co-purified nucleic acids that form a strong complex with NP might negatively affect NP’s antigenic properties. Therefore, we have established the NP purification method, which completely eliminates the RNA in the NP preparation. Two stages of RNA removal were used: treatment of the crude lysate of E. coli with RNase A and subsequent selective RNA elution with 2 M NaCl solution. The resulting NP without RNA has a significantly better signal-to-noise ratio when used as an ELISA antigen and tested with a control panel of serum samples with antibodies to SARS-CoV-2; therefore, it is preferable for in vitro diagnostic use. The same increase of the signal-to-noise ratio was detected for the free N-terminal domain of the NP. Complete removal of RNA complexed with NP during purification will significantly improve its antigenic properties, and the absence of RNA in NP preparations should be controlled during the production of this antigen.
A Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv4-Tiny
Authors: Xiang Hui , Han Junyan , Wang Hanqing , Li Hao , Li Shangqing , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problems of low detection accuracy and poor recognition effect of small-scale targets in traditional vehicle and pedestrian detection methods, a vehicle and pedestrian detection method based on improved YOLOv4-Tiny is proposed. On the basis of YOLOv4-Tiny, the 8-fold down sampling feature layer was added for feature fusion, the PANet structure was used to perform bidirectional fusion for the deep and shallow features from the output feature layer of backbone network, and the detection head for small targets was added. The results show that the mean average precision of the improved method has reached 85.93%, and the detection performance is similar to that of YOLOv4. Compared with the YOLOv4-Tiny, the mean average precision of the improved method is increased by 24.45%, and the detection speed reaches 67.83FPS, which means that the detection effect is significantly improved and can meet the real-time requirements.
Assessing the Attitude of Parents Towards Various Behaviour Management Techniques Used during Paediatric Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar M Sunil , Aravinth V , Chenchugopal Madhan , Elangovan Arun , Thomas Arjun , Aishwarya V , Jerisha GR
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Every child who enters the dental clinic is different. Some of them are anxious, some are scared, some are angry, and some are confused. Rarely, children exhibit a positive behaviour, most of them being uncooperative. The child’s behaviour in turn influences the efficiency and outcome of the dental treatment. Aim: To assess parents or caregivers’ acceptance of various Behaviour Management Techniques (BMT) through direct observation and feedback received. materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was planned to assess the most preferred BMT. The study was conducted from November 1st, 2018 to October 31st, 2019 for a period of one year. Parents of children between the ages of four to nine years were included in the study using non random convenience sampling with 675 participants. Every parent was given an explanation about the study and briefed about nine major BMTs in regional language. Audiovisual aid for each technique in their own mother tongue was displayed via a projector and sound systems and parents were asked to watch it. Later they were given a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of 10 mm length with markings, printed on a sheet of paper to assess the preference for each technique. Collected data was entered in an excel sheet and analysis was done using median test. Results: The results showed that 32.4% i.e., the highest percentage of people opted for Tell Show Do (TSD), indicating that TSD is the best BMT. Professional status of parent showed a significant impact on BMT selection. Conclusion: This study reveals that amongst all the behaviour management methods, ‘Tell-Show-Do’ was the most accepted BMT by the parents and the professional background of the parent has a statistically significant role in the selection of BMT.
Comparative Performance of ARIMA and GARCH Model in Forecasting Crude Oil Price Data
Authors: Yahaya Atanu, Enebi , Etuk Ette, Harrison , Emeka Amos,
Published: January 2022

This study compares the performance of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity models in forecasting Crude Oil Price data as obtained from (CBN 2019) Statistical Bulletin.  The forecasting of Crude Oil Price, plays an important role in decision making for the Nigeria government and all other sectors of her economy. Crude Oil Prices are volatile time series data, as they have huge price swings in a shortage or an oversupply period. In this study, we use two time series models which are Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heterocedasticity (GARCH) models in modelling and forecasting Crude Oil Prices. The statistical analysis was performed by the use of time plot to display the trend of the data, Autocorrelation Function (ACF), Partial Autocorrelation Functions (PACF), Dickey-Fuller test for stationarity, forecasting was done based on the best fit models for both ARIMA and GARCH models. Our result shows that ARIMA (3, 1, 2) is the best ARIMA model to forecast monthly Crude Oil Price and we also found GARCH (1, 1) model is the best GARCH model and using a specified set of parameters, GARCH (1, 1) model is the best fit for our concerned data set.
Health Risk Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Cocoyam from Three Quarry Sites in Old Netim, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Odey P. O. , Anacletus F. C. , Wegwu M. O.
Published: January 2022

This study assessed health risk assessment of heavy metals in cocoyam from three quarry sites in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State, Nigeria. Cocoyam tubers were obtained from three quarry sites in Oban Okoroba, each 4.5 kilometers apart and 20 kilometers from the control site. Cocoyam tubers were obtained from 0km, 0.2km, 0.4km, and 0.6km. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to determine the content of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Arsenic (As) and Manganese (Mn), showing relative abundance across all sites and samples in the sequence Mn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. Quarry site D had highest levels of Mn, As and Cu (50.003 ± 5.478 mgkg-1, 0.207 ± 0.184 and 4.522 ± 1.204mgkg-1). Quarry site C and B respectively had the highest levels of Pb and Cd (1.136 ± 0.267 mgkg-1 and 0.041 ± 0.028 mgkg-1). Results of Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Life Carcinogenic Risk (LCR) showed ingestion of cocoyam tubers from Old Netim is safe and devoid of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. THI on the other hand revealed non-carcinogenic threat may result from prolonged ingestion of cocoyam tubers cultivated within quarry sites in Old Netim.
Virgin Olive Oil and Its Use in Gastronomic Offer of Dalmatia and Istria
Authors: Petričević Diana , Velimirović Damir , Mucić Ana , Sedlar Iva Tokić
Published: January 2022

Olive growing is a significant, developing branch of the Croatian economy in total agricultural production. Virgin olive oil is one of the most nutritious fats in the Croatian gastronomic offer, especially in Istria and Dalmatia. For this reason, the chefs’ knowledge regarding virgin olive oil is required. The quality of olive oil is determined by live varieties, cultivation climate, and method of production. This paper aims to examine the presence of virgin olive oil in the food preparation of Croatian restaurants and the possibility of its application in Croatian restaurants. This study has shown that restaurants in Istria and Dalmatia use mostly virgin olive oil, produced exclusively in Croatia. Croatian hospitality workers have only domestic oil in their offer, mostly from their production. Many chefs from this study believed the consumption of olive oil should be higher. The results may encourage the olive oil producers, and hospitality workers, to monitor the competitiveness of the product in markets.