bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Scaffold Design via Electrospinning
Authors: Zhao Yili , Xiong Jie
Published: December 2022

Nanofibers with the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, large aspect ratio, high surface energy and activity, high fiber fineness, and homogeneity are of general interest for tumor applications. Electrospinning is a simple and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of nanofibers that are composed of organic, inorganic, or organic/inorganic composite materials. By controlling the electrospinning process, nanofibrous mats with various structures, such as random, aligned, multi-layer, or 3-D structures, can be successfully fabricated. Electrospun nanofibrous mats possess good biocompatibility and similar structure to tumor extracellular matrix that can benefit tumor cell adhesion and proliferation studies as they also possess a minimal immune response. Anti-tumor agents such as drug, gene, target molecule, and photothermal conversion materials can be incorporated inside nanofibers through blend electrospinning or coaxial electrospinning. Also, the surface of electrospun nanofibers can present abundant functional groups, and anti-tumor agents can be modified onto the nanofiber surface through physical absorption or chemical reaction. The developed electrospun nanofibers can be applied to mimic a tumor microenvironment, to study cancer biology, and for cancer detection and therapy. In this chapter, we review the recent progress of electrospun nanofibers for tumor applications.
Imaging in Scaffolds
Authors: Martinez Jocelyn , Wang Nianchao , Hu Linghao , Cardona Benitez Elizabeth , Nguyen Uyen , Martinez Ricardo , Walsh Alex J.
Published: December 2022

Imaging of three-dimensional (3D) tumor scaffolds, engineered or naturally-derived tissue architectures, provides spatial, molecular, and phenotypic information for the extracellular environment and cells. Traditional optical techniques used to image two-dimensional cell cultures rely on light transmission through the sample. However, absorption and scattering by 3D tumor scaffolds impede light transmission. Appropriate sample preparation such as tissue clearing can reduce scattering and improve imaging depth. Epi-illumination, an imaging technique in which light is collected in the backward direction, combined with microscopy techniques with optical sectioning, such as multiphoton fluorescence, allow imaging of scaffolds with high 3D spatial resolution. Optical microscopy can evaluate fluorescent probes targeted to a specific area or molecule of interest, autofluorescent properties of cells and the extracellular matrix, and additional tissue properties such as light scattering or absorption. In addition to optical imaging, MRI can be used to image 3D tumor scaffolds for applications requiring imaging depths beyond optical limits. MRI of implanted tumor scaffolds provide assessment of microenvironment factors including tumor vascularization, pH, and hypoxia. Quantitative analysis of images provides spatial and heterogeneity information of both the extracellular matrix and cellular components of 3D tumor scaffolds to reveal insights into the tumor microenvironment.
Effects and mechanism of gastrodin supplementation on exercise-induced fatigue in mice
Authors: Zhang Mingjun , Cui Shumao , Mao Bingyong , Zhang Qiuxiang , Zhao Jianxin , Tang Xin , Chen Wei
Published: December 2022

Mechanism of gastrodin supplementation on exercise-induced fatigue in mice.
Hydrogen bond templated synthesis of catenanes and rotaxanes from a single isophthalic acid derivative
Authors: Barlow Sean R. , Akien Geoffrey R. , Evans Nicholas H.
Published: December 2022

Catenanes and rotaxanes have been synthesized using azides prepared from an isophthalic acid derivative, in yields of up to 70%.
Copper-promoted direct sulfenylation of C1–H bonds in 4-aryl pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines
Authors: Ca Thuy T. , Le Khanh T. M. , Phan Son N. T. , Nguyen Huy H. , Le Huy X. , Phan Nam T. S. , Nguyen Tung T.
Published: December 2022

Direct sulfenylation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines with diaryl disulfides was reported for the first time. A wide range of functionalities was compatible with reaction conditions.
An expedient metal-free cascade route to chromonyl diene scaffolds: thermodynamic vs. kinetic control
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Bagherinejad Akram , Kayanian Jasmine , Vianello Robert
Published: December 2022

A piperidine-catalyzed reaction between 3-formylchromone, 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid, and ylidenemalononitriles is developed that offers chromonyl diene products in good yields.
Combined DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks for design optimization of efficient Cs2BiAgI6-based perovskite solar cells with different charge transport layers
Authors: Hossain M. Khalid , Arnab A. A. , Das Ranjit C. , Hossain K. M. , Rubel M. H. K. , Rahman Md. Ferdous , Bencherif H. , Emetere M. E. , Mohammed Mustafa K. A. , Pandey Rahul
Published: December 2022

Here a combined DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks are used to investigate the optimized designs of Cs2BiAgI6 lead-free double perovskite-based solar cells from ninety-six device structures using various electron and hole charge transport layers.
Speech Intervention for Children With Cleft Palate Using Principles of Motor Learning
Authors: Hanley Leah , Ballard Kirrie J. , Dickson Alicia , Purcell Alison
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This is a pilot study to apply an articulatory kinematic speech intervention that uses the principles of motor learning (PML) to improve speech and resonance outcomes for children with cleft palate. It is hypothesized that (a) treatment that applies select PML during practice will improve production of treated phonemes, representing both active and inconsistent passive errors, at word level in children with cleft palate; (b) effects of practice on phonemes with active or inconsistent passive errors will generalize to untreated exemplars of treated phonemes; and (c) learning will be retained for at least 1-month posttreatment.

Method:

A multiple-baseline design across participants combined with a crossover single-case experimental model was used. Participants attended two 8-week blocks of twice-weekly face-to-face speech therapy (40–50 min/treatment) to treat active and inconsistent passive cleft speech errors using articulatory kinematic speech intervention that applied PML. The participants were four children with cleft-type speech errors. The primary dependent variable measured was percentage of words correct across treatment items, generalization items, and control items. Perceptual accuracy of target words was scored. Effect sizes were calculated to quantify the magnitude of treatment effect.

Results:

For three children with active and inconsistent passive cleft speech errors and one child with active cleft speech errors and developmental phonological speech errors, this approach resulted in improvements to their treated items and generalization to their untreated items. Inconsistent passive cleft speech errors were particularly responsive to the treatment in the three children who presented with these errors.

Conclusion:

This Phase I study has shown that articulatory kinematic speech intervention that applies the PML is effective in improving the speech outcomes for children with cleft palate and that there is validity in pursuing further research into this approach.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21644831
Noise-Vocoded Sentence Recognition and the Use of Context in Older and Younger Adult Listeners
Authors: Moberly Aaron C. , Varadarajan Varun V. , Tamati Terrin N.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

When listening to speech under adverse conditions, older adults, even with “age-normal” hearing, face challenges that may lead to poorer speech recognition than their younger peers. Older listeners generally demonstrate poorer suprathreshold auditory processing along with aging-related declines in neurocognitive functioning that may impair their ability to compensate using “top-down” cognitive–linguistic functions. This study explored top-down processing in older and younger adult listeners, specifically the use of semantic context during noise-vocoded sentence recognition.

Method:

Eighty-four adults with age-normal hearing (45 young normal-hearing [YNH] and 39 older normal-hearing [ONH] adults) participated. Participants were tested for recognition accuracy for two sets of noise-vocoded sentence materials: one that was semantically meaningful and the other that was syntactically appropriate but semantically anomalous. Participants were also tested for hearing ability and for neurocognitive functioning to assess working memory capacity, speed of lexical access, inhibitory control, and nonverbal fluid reasoning, as well as vocabulary knowledge.

Results:

The ONH and YNH listeners made use of semantic context to a similar extent. Nonverbal reasoning predicted recognition of both meaningful and anomalous sentences, whereas pure-tone average contributed additionally to anomalous sentence recognition. None of the hearing, neurocognitive, or language measures significantly predicted the amount of context gain, computed as the difference score between meaningful and anomalous sentence recognition. However, exploratory cluster analyses demonstrated four listener profiles and suggested that individuals may vary in the strategies used to recognize speech under adverse listening conditions.

Conclusions:

Older and younger listeners made use of sentence context to similar degrees. Nonverbal reasoning was found to be a contributor to noise-vocoded sentence recognition. However, different listeners may approach the problem of recognizing meaningful speech under adverse conditions using different strategies based on their hearing, neurocognitive, and language profiles. These findings provide support for the complexity of bottom-up and top-down interactions during speech recognition under adverse listening conditions.
Shaken, but not expelled: Gentle baryonic feedback from nearby starburst dwarf galaxies
Authors: Marasco A. , Belfiore F. , Cresci G. , Lelli F. , Venturi G. , Hunt L. K. , Concas A. , Marconi A. , Mannucci F. , Mingozzi M. , McLeod A. F. , Kumari N. , Carniani S. , Vanzi L. , Ginolfi M.
Published: December 2022

Baryonic feedback is expected to play a key role in regulating the star formation of low-mass galaxies by producing galaxy-scale winds associated with mass-loading factors of β ∼ 1 − 50. We test this prediction using a sample of 19 nearby systems with stellar masses of 107 < M⋆/M⊙ < 1010, mostly lying above the main sequence of star-forming galaxies. We used MUSE at VLT optical integral field spectroscopy to study the warm ionised gas kinematics of these galaxies via a detailed modelling of their Hα emission line. The ionised gas is characterised by irregular velocity fields, indicating the presence of non-circular motions of a few tens of km s−1 within galaxy discs, but with intrinsic velocity dispersion of 40 − 60 km s−1 that are only marginally larger than those measured in main-sequence galaxies. Galactic winds, defined as gas at velocities larger than the galaxy escape speed, encompass only a few percent of the observed fluxes. Mass outflow rates and loading factors are strongly dependent on M⋆, the star formation rate (SFR), SFR surface density, and specific SFR (sSFR). For M⋆ of 108 M⊙ we find β ≃ 0.02, which is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the values predicted by theoretical models of galaxy evolution. In our galaxy sample, baryonic feedback stimulates a gentle gas cycle rather than causing a large-scale blow-out.
X-ray analysis of JWST’s first galaxy cluster lens SMACS J0723.3−7327
Authors: Liu A. , Bulbul E. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Sanders J. S. , Ghirardini V. , Bahar Y. E. , Yeung M. , Gatuzz E. , Freyberg M. , Garrel C. , Zhang X. , Merloni A. , Nandra K.
Published: December 2022

Context. SMACS J0723.3−7327 is the first galaxy cluster lens observed by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Based on its early release observation data, several groups have reported the results on strong lensing analysis and mass distribution of this cluster. The new lens model dramatically improves upon previous results, thanks to JWST’s unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. However, limited by the angular coverage of the JWST data, the strong lensing models only cover the central region. Conducting an X-ray analysis on the hot intracluster medium (ICM) is necessary to obtain a more complete constraint on the mass distribution in this very massive cluster.

Aims. In this work, we perform a comprehensive X-ray analysis of J0723 with an aim to obtain accurate ICM hydrostatic mass measurements, using the X-ray data from Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG)/eROSITA and Chandra X-ray observatories. By comparing the hydrostatic mass profile with the strong lensing model, we aim to provide the most reliable constraint on the distribution of mass up to R500.

Methods. Thanks to the eROSITA all-sky survey and Chandra, which provide high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and high angular resolution data, respectively, we were able to constrain the ICM gas density profile and temperature profile with good accuracy both in the core and to the outskirts. With the density and temperature profiles, we computed the hydrostatic mass profile, which was then projected along the line of sight to compare with the mass distribution obtained from the recent strong lensing analysis based on JWST data. We also deprojected the strong lensing mass distribution using the hydrostatic mass profile obtained in this work.

Results. The X-ray results obtained from eROSITA and Chandra are in very good agreement. The hydrostatic mass profiles we measured in this work, both projected and deprojected, are in good agreement with recent strong lensing results based on JWST data, at all radii. The projected hydrostatic mass within 128 kpc (the estimated Einstein radius) is (8.0 ± 0.7)×1013 M⊙, consistent with the strong lensing mass reported in recent literature. With the hydrostatic mass profile, we measured R2500 = 0.54 ± 0.04 Mpc and M2500 = (3.5 ± 0.8)×1014 M⊙, while the R500 and M500 are 1.32 ± 0.23 Mpc and (9.8 ± 5.1)×1014 M⊙, with a relatively larger error bar due to the rapidly decreasing S/N in the outskirts. We also find that the radial acceleration relation in J0723 is inconsistent with the RAR for spiral galaxies, implying that the latter is not a universal property of gravity across all mass scales.
Barriers and Opportunities for Breast Cancer Prevention Measures
Authors: Novitarum Lilis , Siregar Muhammad F. G. , Siregar Fazidah A. , Lubis Namora L.
Published: December 2022

The incidence of breast cancer remains high. Controlling program needs to involve individuals and communities. Public awareness in early detection and apply healthy living behavior is necessary to minimize risk factors of breast cancer. The aims of this study to explore the barriers and opportunities of health workers in the prevention of breast cancer. This is a qualitative study with phenomenologycal approach. Data collection using Focus Group Discussion. Informants in this study consist of 11 health workers for at least 5 years working period. The results of this study found three themes, namely (1) Barriers to breast cancer prevention efforts, (2) Opportunities for women at risk to take steps to prevent breast cancer, and (3) Opportunities for government programs related to breast cancer prevention efforts. It is hoped that women at risk increase self-awareness in early detection of breast cancer and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Medan City Health Department should be more intensive in conducting socialization and health education about breast cancer prevention in the community.
Die Bewegung des N. obturatorius bei Bewegungen der unteren Extremität
Authors: Sawadzki Patrick , Hoch Anke
Published: December 2022

Neurodynamische Tests wie der Straight Leg Raise sind feste Bestandteile der neuromuskuloskelettalen Untersuchung. Der neurodynamische Test für den N. obturatorius basiert auf anatomischen Annahmen und wurde bislang nicht am Präparat untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Bewegungsverhalten des N. obturatorius bei den passiven Bewegungen Abduktion und Flexion im Hüftgelenk mit extendiertem und flektiertem Kniegelenk bei einem Feuchtpräparat. Mittels einer Laparotomie im Becken am Präparat wurde die Bewegung des N. obturatorius bei passiver Bewegung der unteren Extremität dargestellt. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv anhand selbsterstellter Fotos, Videos und Skizzen.

Anhand der Videos konnte beobachtet werden, dass sich der Nerv bei Hüftgelenkabduktion spannt und bei Hüftgelenkflexion entspannt. Die Studie zeigt außerdem, dass sich das Nervengewebe bei Bewegungen der unteren Extremität komplex im Beckenraum bewegt und nicht nur mit einer einzelnen Bewegungsart zu beschreiben ist. Diese Beobachtungen geben Hinweise bzgl. der Ausführung des neurodynamischen Tests des N. obturatorius.
Der lumbale Bandscheibenvorfall – Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Klessinger Stephan
Published: December 2022

Rückenschmerzen werden oft mit einem Bandscheibenvorfall in Verbindung gebracht. Allerdings entsteht nicht jeder Rückenschmerz in den Bandscheiben und nicht jede Veränderung der Bandscheibe ist ein Bandscheibenvorfall. Ein relevanter Bandscheibenvorfall äußert sich durch Reizung oder Kompression einer Nervenwurzel mit radikulären Schmerzen und gegebenenfalls neurologischen Ausfällen. Der Spontanverlauf ist günstig, dennoch gilt es, zu erkennen, bei welchen Patient*innen eine Operation indiziert ist, und den richtigen Zeitpunkt dafür zu finden.
Funktionelle Anatomie des Ellenbogengelenks und der Bezug zur
Hand
Authors: Zander Andrea
Published: December 2022

Das Ellenbogengelenk verbindet die Hand funktionell mit unserem Körper.
Ob bei der Nahrungsaufnahme, der Körperpflege oder den
vielzähligen alltäglichen Bewegungen: Der Ellenbogen als
„Mitte“ des Armes braucht eine große, dreidimensionale
Bewegungsmöglichkeit und Flexibilität bei gleichzeitiger
Stabilität, um die Handfunktion zu ermöglichen.
Quengelschiene für Pro- und Supination
Authors: Meyer Nora
Published: December 2022

Wechselgeld entgegennehmen, eine Schraube in die Wand drehen, am Computer tippen
oder Körperhygiene bewerkstelligen: Die Umwendebewegungen des Unterarms
ermöglichen das alltägliche Handeln und die Interaktion mit
unserer Umwelt. Sind sie aufgrund von Verletzungen eingeschränkt, kann
eine Quengelschiene helfen, die Beweglichkeit wiederzuerlangen.
Therapeutische Befunderhebung am Ellenbogen
Authors: Henckel Charlott-Sophie
Published: December 2022

Das komplexe Gelenk selbst, benachbarte Strukturen oder die
Halswirbelsäule: Funktionseinschränkungen und Schmerzen im
Ellenbogen können vielseitiger Genese sein. Ein strukturierter, am
Prozess des Clinical Reasoning orientierter Befund hilft, eine
aussagekräftige therapeutische Diagnose zu stellen.
Therapieoptionen bei Weight-Regain nach Bariatrischer Operation
Authors: Finze Alida , Otto Mirko , Reissfelder Christoph , Blank Susanne
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund Die Intention dieses Artikels ist, einen Überblick über die Diagnosestellung und Therapiemöglichkeiten bei erneuter Gewichtszunahme (WR) oder unzureichendem
Gewichtsverlust (IWL) nach bariatrischer Operation (BS) zu geben. Bei weiter steigenden Zahlen der BS gewinnt WR immer mehr an Relevanz.

Methoden Eine ausgiebige Literaturrecherche wurde mit persönlichen Erfahrungen kombiniert, um eine mögliche Handlungsempfehlung bei WR oder IWL zu geben.

Ergebnisse Im Falle einer anatomischen Ursache für WR ist der chirurgische Therapieansatz derzeit am effektivsten. Bei idiopathischem WR oder IWL ist ein multimodales Therapiekonzept
für eine erfolgreiche Therapie notwendig. Abhängig von der vorangegangenen OP ist eine Kombination von Lebensstilinterventionen, medikamentöser und chirurgischer Therapie ein wirksames
Vorgehen.

Schlussfolgerungen Eine ausgiebige Diagnostik ist vor Indikationsstellung einer chirurgischen Revision notwendig. Bei idiopathischem WR und IWL nach Roux-Y-Magenbypass (RYGB)
schlagen wir die Verlängerung des biliopankreatischen Schenkels bei gleichzeitiger Verkürzung des Common Channels vor. Nach Schlauchmagen (Sleeve-Gastrektomie, SG) sehen wir derzeit die
Umwandlung in RYGB bei Patienten mit gleichzeitiger Refluxösophagitis und den SADI-S bei fehlendem Vorliegen eines Refluxes als sinnvollste Therapie an.
Aktuelle Handlungsempfehlungen für die amerikanische Trypanosomiasis oder Chagas-Krankheit
Authors: Pritsch Michael , Seeba Hannah , Fröschl Günter , Stingl Peter
Published: December 2022

Die amerikanische Trypanosomiasis oder auch Chagas-Krankheit wird durch das Protozoon Trypanosoma cruzi verursacht. Vor allem unerkannt und unbehandelt kann sie zu schwerwiegenden Organschäden bis hin zum Tod führen. Weltweit geht man aktuell von 6–7 Mio. Infizierten aus. Initial eher auf ländliche Gebiete in Lateinamerika beschränkt, breitete sich die Infektion durch Populationsbewegungen und nichtvektorielle Übertragungswege auf große Städte sowie in nichtendemische Regionen weltweit aus. Die WHO zählt die Chagas-Krankheit zu den sog. vernachlässigten Tropenerkrankungen und nur ein kleiner Bruchteil der Betroffenen erhält eine adäquate Versorgung. Im Herbst 2022 wurden erstmals Handlungsempfehlungen für Deutschland veröffentlicht. Sie sollen der Vernachlässigung entgegenwirken, nichtvektorielle Übertragungswege unterbinden und durch adäquates Management die assoziierte sozio-ökonomische Belastung, Morbidität und Mortalität verringern.
Wiederherstellungsoperationen (WHO’s): Eine Übersicht - Straffungsoperationen nach massivem Gewichtsverlust
Authors: Bozkurt Ahmet
Published: December 2022

Wiederherstellungsoperationen, sog. WHOs, sind der konsequente und abschließende Schritt nach massivem Gewichtsverlust nicht nur durch, aber vor allem durch bariatrische Eingriffe.
In der Regel handelt es sich hier in erster Linie nicht um ästhetische Eingriffe, sondern um die chirurgische Behandlung funktioneller Störungen durch eine „lokalisierte
Adipositas“ bzw. „Lipomatose“. Die vorliegende Arbeit dient als Einführung in das Thema körperformender Eingriffe ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Wir beschreiben im Folgenden
die Eckpfeiler der zugrunde liegenden AWMF-S3-Leitlinie sowie Grundprinzipien der WHOs. Beschrieben werden anatomisch-funktionelle Grundzüge, Inhalte einer allgemeinen und
speziellen Anamnese einschl. der körperlichen Untersuchungen, aber auch Grundlagen der notwendigen Kostenübernahme. Der Hauptabschnitt beschäftigt sich mit den chirurgischen
Prinzipien derjenigen WHOs, die am häufigsten vorgenommen werden (Arme, Flanken, Brust, Bauch und Beine). Hier werden die chirurgischen Besonderheiten der WHOs in den jeweiligen
Körperregionen beschrieben, verschiedene OP-Techniken sowie operative Vorgehensweisen (step-by-step) geschildert, dargestellt und mit prä-, intra- und postoperativen Bildern
untermauert. Die vorliegende Arbeit dient dazu, die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit bei WHOs aufzuzeigen und schildert illustrierend die chirurgischen Besonderheiten
der körperstraffenden Eingriffe nach massivem Gewichtsverlust.
An evaluation for geometries, formation enthalpies, and dissociation energies of diatomic and triatomic (C, H, N, O), NO3, and HNO3 molecules from the PAW DFT method with PBE and optB88-vdW functionals
Authors: Han Yong
Published: December 2022

The structural geometries, formation enthalpies, and dissociation energies of all diatomic and triatomic molecules consisting of the four basic elements C, H, N, and/or O are calculated using the projector augmented wave density functional theory (DFT) method with the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof and optB88-vdW exchange-correlation functionals. The calculations are also extended to two larger molecules NO3 and HNO3, which consist of four and five atoms, respectively. In total, 82 molecules or isomers are considered in the calculations. The geometric parameters including 42 bond lengths and 15 bond angles of these molecules calculated using the planewave DFT method are highly satisfactory, relative to the available experimental data. The error analysis is also performed for 49 formation enthalpies and 138 dissociation energies (including 51 atomization energies as well as the corresponding bond dissociation energies). The results are also compared with the previous data from various atomic-orbital-based methods for molecules and from similar or different planewave DFT methods for various solids and other molecules. This provides an informative and instructive evaluation especially for calculating the large-size material systems containing these small molecules as well as for developing the DFT methods further.
Study on the influence of 30 mA leakage current on the atmospheric corrosion behavior of transmission lines
Authors: Shu Long , Mao Xiaopo , Tu Suge
Published: December 2022

Under the action of 30 mA leakage current, in order to study the influence of atmospheric corrosion behavior on metal materials of transmission lines, this article analyzes the corrosion weightlessness of metal materials under different SO2 concentrations and leakage current conditions by placing metal materials in three corrosive environments. When the content of SO2 is relatively small, the leakage current has little effect on the corrosion weightlessness of the sample. However, when the content of SO2 is relatively large, the leakage current accelerates the corrosion of metal materials, and the surface of the sample will have more γ-FeOOH metastable crystalline phase. When the corrosion products accumulate to a certain extent, some of the corroded samples γ-FeOOH become relatively stable α-FeOOH and Fe3O4, the corrosion products will reduce the occurrence of corrosion phenomena, and on the contrary, the corrosion resistance of the sample will be improved.
Analysis of ion orbits in front of a negative planar electrode immersed in an oblique magnetic field
Authors: Gyergyek T. , Stopar N. , Costea S. , Kovačič J.
Published: December 2022

The orbital motion approach is used to analyze the ion impact on a negatively biased planar wall immersed in a strongly magnetized plasma. It is assumed that the given homogeneous magnetic field forms a small angle with a planar negatively biased electrode, while the inhomogeneous electric field is perpendicular to the electrode. Spatial dependence of the electric field is modeled in such a way that the electric field exhibits two-scale behavior, which is characteristic of plasma sheath problems. The equation of motion of a singly charged deuterium ion is solved for a large variety of parameters and initial conditions. The effects of electrode bias, magnetic flux density, magnetic field angle, initial velocity, electric field scaling, and electrode bias are investigated. It is found that the impact angles of ions are distributed over a surprisingly wide range, and in a vast majority of cases, the angle of impact is several times larger than the magnetic field angle. The study is relevant for the analysis of ion flow to the electrodes in fusion plasmas, i.e., divertors of tokamaks.
Dynamics of magnetic system formed by two semi-skyrmions in circular nano-pillars with a perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Hou Zhiwei , Zhang Hong , Luo Yanwei
Published: December 2022

Magnetic skyrmion has the advantages of stable topology and small volume. Many researchers choose different materials or build double free layers for using skyrmions in spin torque nano-oscillators capable of producing GHz frequencies. In this paper, the dynamics of the two semi-skyrmions in a circular nano-pillar with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy free layer and a spin polarizer are studied using micromagnetic simulation. The oscillation frequency of two semi-skyrmions is more than two times higher that of the single semi-skyrmion. In addition, we also explore the influences of different parameters (current density, damping coefficient, anisotropy constant, and temperature) on the motion of two semi-skyrmions. The results show that damping coefficient and exchange interaction constant have the most pronounced influence on the oscillation frequency of the system.
A non-perturbative study of the interplay between electron–phonon interaction and Coulomb interaction in undoped graphene
Authors: Yang Zhao-Kun , Pan Xiao-Yin , Liu Guo-Zhu
Published: December 2022

In condensed-matter systems, electrons are subjected to two different interactions under certain conditions. Even if both interactions are weak, it is difficult to perform perturbative calculations due to the complexity caused by the interplay of two interactions. When one or two interactions are strong, ordinary perturbation theory may become invalid. Here we consider undoped graphene as an example and provide a non-perturbative quantum-field-theoretic analysis of the interplay of electron–phonon interaction and Coulomb interaction. We treat these two interactions on an equal footing and derive the exact Dyson–Schwinger (DS) integral equation of the full Dirac-fermion propagator. This equation depends on several complicated correlation functions and thus is difficult to handle. Fortunately, we find that these correlation functions obey a number of exact identities, which allows us to prove that the DS equation of full fermion propagator is self-closed. After solving this self-closed equation, we obtain the renormalized fermion velocity and show that its energy (momentum) dependence of renormalized fermion velocity is dominantly determined by the electron–phonon (Coulomb) interaction. In particular, the renormalized velocity exhibits a logarithmic momentum dependence and a non-monotonic energy dependence.
Electrohydrodynamic printing of submicron-microscale hybrid scaffolds with improved cellular adhesion and proliferation behaviors
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li Shikang , He Jiankang , Lei Qi , Wu Chuang , Song Aiping , Zhang Chao
Published: December 2022

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing has been considered as a mature strategy to mimic the hierarchical microarchitectures in native extracellular matrix (ECM). Most of the EHD-printed scaffolds possess single-dimensional fibrous structures, which cannot mimic the multi-dimensional architectures for enhanced cellular behaviors. Here we developed a two-nozzle EHD printing system to fabricate hybrid scaffolds involving submicron and microscale features. The polyethylene oxide- polycaprolactone (PEO-PCL) submicron fibers were fabricated via solution-based EHD printing with a width of 527 ± 56 nm. The PCL microscale fibers were fabricated via melt-based EHD printing with a width of 11.2 ± 2.3 μm. The hybrid scaffolds were fabricated by printing the submicron and microscale fibers in a layer-by-layer manner. The microscale scaffolds were utilized as a control group. Rat myocardial cells (H9C2 cells) were cultured on the two kinds of scaffolds for the culturing period of 1, 3 and 5 d. Biological results indicated that H9C2 cells showed enhanced adhesion and proliferation behaviors on the hybrid scaffold than those on the pure microscale scaffold. This work offers a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate multiscale synthetic scaffolds, which might be further explored to regulate cellular behaviors in the fields of tissue regeneration and biomedical engineering.
Uniformity calibration for large area XY strip parallel plate ionization chamber
Authors: Thien T C , Nemallapudi M V , Hsieh C W , Chen A E
Published: December 2022

Demand for large area parallel plate ionization chamber (PPIC) or large area ionization chamber (LAIC) has risen in recent years due to several advantages of the large effective area in monitoring therapeutic radiation beams. PPICs are designed for the measurements of beam profile and dosimetry in radiation therapy quality assurance (QA) procedures. Objective. Heterogeneous responses over the large sensitive area pose an undeniable concern for the straightforward applications of PPICs in clinical dosimetry. Uniformity calibration for the detector response is thus essential for the accurate performance of each PPIC unit. Approach. A large area XY strip PPIC, characterized by a large effective area of 345.44 × 345.44 mm2 and 256 readout channels, was investigated in this study. A new systematic uniformity calibration is developed to improve the lateral response of the PPIC over the measurements for both narrow beams and large square field beams. A 2D response map of the PPIC was obtained by a spot-scanning method using a compact x-ray tube (mini x-ray). The mini x-ray, providing stable radiation (uncertainty <0.1%), was moved with a step size of 20 mm in 2 dimensions across the entire PPIC surface to collect a complete spot scan. Different uniformity calibration methods were introduced for the measurement of the PPIC by adopting the information from the detector 2D response map. Main results. Deviation of the detector response, before calibration, was observed to reach about 7% for the testing PPIC unit which is much higher than the recommended uniformity response of 1% (IAEA TRS-398). The uniformity response of the PPIC improved significantly to less than 1% across the detector surface after calibration. Significance. The proposed methods enable the practical application of PPIC in routine clinical dosimetry and can be reliably adopted by any radiation facility to perform daily and monthly QA.
Limitations of phase-sorting based pencil beam scanned 4D proton dose calculations under irregular motion
Authors: Duetschler A , Prendi J , Safai S , Weber D C , Lomax A J , Zhang Ye
Published: December 2022

Objective. 4D dose calculation (4DDC) for pencil beam scanned (PBS) proton therapy is typically based on phase-sorting of individual pencil beams onto phases of a single breathing cycle 4DCT. Understanding the dosimetric limitations and uncertainties of this approach is essential, especially for the realistic treatment scenario with irregular free breathing motion. Approach. For three liver and three lung cancer patient CTs, the deformable multi-cycle motion from 4DMRIs was used to generate six synthetic 4DCT(MRI)s, providing irregular motion (11/15 cycles for liver/lung; tumor amplitudes ∼4–18 mm). 4DDCs for two-field plans were performed, with the temporal resolution of the pencil beam delivery (4–200 ms) or with 8 phases per breathing cycle (500–1000 ms). For the phase-sorting approach, the tumor center motion was used to determine the phase assignment of each spot. The dose was calculated either using the full free breathing motion or individually repeating each single cycle. Additionally, the use of an irregular surrogate signal prior to 4DDC on a repeated cycle was simulated. The CTV volume with absolute dose differences >5% (V
dosediff>5%) and differences in CTV V
95% and D
5%–D
95% compared to the free breathing scenario were evaluated.

Main results. Compared to 4DDC considering the full free breathing motion with finer spot-wise temporal resolution, 4DDC based on a repeated single 4DCT resulted in V
dosediff>5% of on average 34%, which resulted in an overestimation of V
95% up to 24%. However, surrogate based phase-sorting prior to 4DDC on a single cycle 4DCT, reduced the average V
dosediff>5% to 16% (overestimation V
95% up to 19%). The 4DDC results were greatly influenced by the choice of reference cycle (V
dosediff>5% up to 55%) and differences due to temporal resolution were much smaller (V
dosediff>5% up to 10%). Significance. It is important to properly consider motion irregularity in 4D dosimetric evaluations of PBS proton treatments, as 4DDC based on a single 4DCT can lead to an underestimation of motion effects.
Trapped particle resonance effects on the NTM driven losses of energetic particles
Authors: Ferrari H E , Farengo R , Garcia-Martinez P M , Clauser C F
Published: December 2022

The m = 2, n = 1 (where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) has been proposed as a candidate to explain the larger than expected losses of high energy ions produced by neutral beam injection observed in several experiments. Although the numerical simulations performed so far to study the effect of NTMs on energetic ions have reproduced several features observed in experiments, the agreement is not completely satisfactory. In particular, it has been difficult to reproduce the total amount of losses, which are affected by the details of the perturbation in the edge region. In this work, we study the effect of NTMs on the confinement of energetic ions produced by NBI injection using FOCUS, a full orbit code that runs in graphical processing units. This allows us to follow the evolution of a large number of ions with modest resources. A reconstruction technique that includes the experimental information available is employed to calculate the perturbed magnetic field. The main result of this study is that when the frequency of the NTM matches the toroidal precession frequency ω

tp
of the trapped ions (

ω

t
p

∼
E

, where E is the energy of the ion), the losses increase significantly.
Nonclassical correlated optical multistability at low photon level for cavity electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Tang Jing , Deng Yuangang
Published: December 2022

We study the nonequilibrium dynamic behaviors in a driven-dissipative single-atom cavity electromagnetically induced transparency. The optical bistability and multistability beyond a Kerr nonlinearity are observed utilizing the optical Stark shift induced strong nonlinearity. We show that the nonequilibrium dynamical phase transition between bistability and multistability is highly tunable by the system parameters in a large parameter region. The first-order dissipative optical bistability (multistability) always corresponds to the photon-bunching quantum statistics, which indicates that the quantum fluctuations and correlations play important roles in nonequilibrium dynamics. Interestingly, bistability and multistability with photon-bunching quantum statistics occurring at extremely low steady-state cavity photon number are observed, even under a very strong cavity driven field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the unique cavity steady-state solution of the full quantum calculation is excellently consistent with the lowest solution based on the semiclassical mean-field approach in bistability and multistability regimes when the cavity photon number is much less than unity, albeit these nonclassical quantum states should possess strong quantum fluctuations in this parameter regime. Our results pave the way to exploring nonclassical correlated optical multistability in quantum regime, which may bring exciting opportunities for potential applications from quantum information processing to quantum metrology.
A novel scheme for error field correction in permanent magnet stellarators
Authors: Rutkowski A. , Hammond K. , Zhu C. , Gates D. , Chambliss A.
Published: December 2022

Stellarators offer a promising path towards fusion reactors, but their design and construction are complicated by stringent tolerance requirements on highly complex 3D coils. A potential way to simplify the engineering requirements for stellarators is to use simple planar toroidal field coils along with permanent magnet arrays to generate shaping fields. In order to ensure sufficient field accuracy while minimizing engineering complexity and system cost, new techniques are required to correct the field produced by the permanent magnet arrays to within requirements set by plasma physics. This work describes a novel correction method developed for this purpose. This analysis is applied to the design of a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator that employs a combination of permanent magnets and planar toroidal field coils to generate its magnetic field. Analysis techniques and initial results using the method for error correction on a proposed permanent magnet stellarator are shown, and it is demonstrated that the method successfully meets the design requirements of the project.
Amplified plasmonic emission enhancement of PbS quantum dots via Al-oxide/PMMA heterostructures
Authors: Sadeghi Seyed M , Gutha Rithvik R , Sharp Christina
Published: December 2022

We study the impact of Al oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interface on plasmonic emission enhancement of infrared semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). For this, PbS QDs embedded in PMMA matrix are deposited on the top of heterostructures consisting of a Au thin film, a dielectric spacer, and an ultrathin layer of Al oxide. Our results suggest that such structures can support an emission enhancement far more than what can be reached in the cases when the QDs/PMMA films are placed on Au thin film/dielectric spacer directly, i.e. in the absence of the Al oxide. We also demonstrate that Au/Si/Al oxide/PMMA heterostructures can increase the photo-induced fluorescence enhancement of PbS QDs, making them brighter as they are irradiated with a laser field. We discuss these results in terms of combined effects of plasmonic field enhancement (Purcell effect) and the carboxylate anion bonds formed at the Al oxide/PMMA interface.
A O01 Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of gall stones after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Salman Mohamed , Issa Mohamed , Noureldin Khaled , Khalid Sadaf , Elewa Ahmed , Shaaban Hossam , Salman Ahmed , Gebril Mahmoud , Tourkey Mohamed , Elhaj Mujahid , Elsherbiney Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for cholelithiasis. Besides, rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery upsurges the rate of cholelithiasis and acute cholecystitis. This study aimed to compare gallstone development frequency after LSG under ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) prophylaxis.

Methods

This prospective controlled study included 332 patients scheduled for LSG randomized to receive 500 mg UDCA daily for 12 months (UDCA Group) or no treatment (Control Group). Ultrasonography was done 6 and 12 months after surgery to detect gallstones. Cholecystectomy was done for complicated cases of cholelithiasis.

Results

Seventy-one patients were lost to follow-up, and 3 developed severe adverse effects of UDCA and were excluded. Data are presented for 130 patients in the UDCA group and 128 in the Control group. Collectively, 11 patients (8.5%) of the UDCA group and 41 (32.0%) of the Control group developed gall stones during the first postoperative year (p < 0.001). Cholecystectomy was indicated in 3 patients (2.3%) of the UDCA group and 9 (7.0%) of the Control group (p = 0.072). On multivariate analysis, higher BMI, dyslipidemia, and lacking UDCA prophylaxis were the independent factors significantly associated with stone development. Also, stone development was associated with higher weight loss after 6 and 12 months.

Conclusions

UDCA 500 mg once daily for 12 months after LSG is effective in reducing gallstone formation at 1 year. UDCA administration reduced the frequency of cholecystectomies from 7 to 2.3%. High BMI and dyslipidemia are the independent preoperative factors significantly associated with stone development.
BS O04 Nip it in the bud - Need for changing perceptions of obesity amongst medical students along with inclusion in the medical school curriculum
Authors: Sokhal Balamrit , Menon S P K , Oputa S , Fagbemi Ona-Omovefe , Nanthakumar Nakulan , Rao Vittal
Published: December 2022

Background

Obesity needs to be included in medical school curriculum in the context of the obesity pandemic

Methods

A multiple-choice survey was sent out to students in a medical school attached to a university teaching hospital. Respondents provided information on demographics and perceptions about obesity and bariatric surgery. Results were presented as frequencies and analysed.

Results

There were 223 respondents with M:F = 93:130. 61.8% were in years 1–3 and 65.9% were in normal BMI range. 8 had BMI of 35 and above. 16.0% were not aware obesity is classified as a disease, but 87.9% understood the term bariatric surgery. 73.9% defined obesity as BMI more than 30. 23.8% felt that obesity is a self-inflicted disease. 23.6% felt that bariatric surgery should not be funded by the NHS with 6.3% feeling that bariatric surgery is a waste of money. 54.0% students agreed that bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity.

Conclusions

Though overall perceptions were positive, a quarter of medical students felt that obesity is self-inflicted and just over 50% of students thought bariatric surgery was effective, indicating the need to include obesity and bariatric surgery in the curriculum in order to change firmly entrenched views around obesity.
BS O05 Should we be doing routine post-operative blood tests in patients undergoing elective bariatric surgery?
Authors: Hill Sarah , Thomas Christophe , Mahawar Kamal , Courtney Michael
Published: December 2022

Background

Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has a low complication and readmission rate; complications however, when they do occur, can be major and life-threatening. Routine post-operative blood testing (POBT) is commonplace following BMS to assess for complications but has resource implications. We aimed to assess whether POBT in our unit predicted complication or readmission rates. We found no existing studies evaluating the efficacy of routine POBT in the bariatric surgery cohort.

Methods

All patients undergoing BMS between July ’20 – June ’21 were retrospectively identified from our local database. Data gathered were: Patient demographics; operation, POBT (FBC, U&E, CRP); length of stay; 30-day complications and 30-day readmissions. Financial cost of POBT were also calculated. Descriptive statistics and Fishers exact test were used to analyse results.

Results

149 patients were identified (OAGB - 81, RYGB - 32, LSG - 36); all had POBT. 115 patients (77%) were discharged on the expected post-operative day (median LOS - 1 days). 38 patients (25.5%) had abnormal POBT results according to defined parameters laid out in our protocol. Abnormal POBT resulted in a change to management plan in 8 patients (5.4%), with subsequent increased LOS for further investigation or observation; in all of these cases there were signs of deterioration via observations and/or clinical symptoms. 8 (5.4%) patients were readmitted in 30-days, 3 of whom had abnormal POBT following their surgery. There was no statistical correlation between abnormal POBT and 30-day readmission rate, p=0.42. POBT in the cohort total cost was in the region of £2400.

Conclusions

In this study we observed that POBT did not predict adverse outcome without clinical signs of deterioration. A considerable number of POBT are performed routinely without clinical indication. A patient-specific approach is recommended based on intra-operative and post-operative clinical assessment rather than routine usage, resulting in cost savings to the Trust and better patient flow with safe and efficient discharges. It is also important to consider the financial impact of performing routine POBT in all patients undergoing BMS; due to both the costs of POBT, staff hours as well as the potential costs due to delayed discharges.