bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care lactate testing for sepsis at presentation to health care: a systematic review of patient outcomes
Authors: Morris Elizabeth , McCartney David , Lasserson Daniel , Van den Bruel Ann , Fisher Rebecca , Hayward Gail
Published: November 2017

Background

Lactate is measured in hospital settings to identify patients with sepsis and severe infections, and to guide initiation of early treatment. Point-of-care technology could facilitate measurement of lactate by clinicians in the community. However, there has been little research into its utility in these environments.

Aim

To investigate the effect of using point-of-care lactate at presentation to health care on mortality and other clinical outcomes, in patients presenting with acute infections.

Design and setting

Studies comparing the use of point-of-care lactate to usual care in initial patient assessment at presentation to health care were identified using a maximally sensitive search strategy of six electronic databases.

Method

Two independent authors screened 3063 records for eligibility, and extracted data from eligible studies. Quality assessment for observational studies was performed using the ROBINS-I tool.

Results

Eight studies were eligible for inclusion (3063 patients). Seven studies were recruited from emergency departments, and one from a pre-hospital aeromedical setting. Five studies demonstrated a trend towards reduced mortality with point-of-care lactate; three studies achieved statistical significance. One study demonstrated a significant reduction in length of hospital stay, although another did not find any significant difference. Two studies demonstrated a significant reduction in time to treatment for antibiotics and intravenous fluids.

Conclusion

This review identifies an evidence gap — there is no high-quality evidence to support the use of point-of-care lactate in community settings. There are no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and no studies in primary care. RCT evidence from community settings is needed to evaluate this potentially beneficial diagnostic technology.
WEIGHT MINIMIZATION OF TRUSS STRUCTURES WITH SIZING AND LAYOUT VARIABLES USING INTEGRATED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZER
Authors: MORTAZAVI Ali , TOĞAN Vedat , NUHOĞLU Ayhan
Published: November 2017

This study investigates the performances of the integrated particle swarm optimizer (iPSO) algorithm in the layout and sizing optimization of truss structures. The iPSO enhances the standard PSO algorithm employing both the concept of weighted particle and the improved fly-back method to handle optimization constraints. The performance of the recent algorithm is tested on a series of well-known truss structures weight minimization problems including mixed design search spaces (i.e. with both discrete and continuous variables) over various types of constraints (i.e. nodal dis­placements, element stresses and buckling criterion). The results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach in dealing with combined layout and size optimization problems.
ESTIMATING THE PROFITABILITY OF HYDROPOWER INVESTMENTS WITH A CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY
Authors: AKCAY Emre Caner , DIKMEN Irem , BIRGONUL M. Talat , ARDITI David
Published: November 2017

Energy demand has been increasing, but traditional sources of energy are depletable. New investments are needed in renewable energy production. Hydroelectric power plants are often considered a feasible renewable source of energy and are often organized as a public private partnerships (PPP). However, risk factors stemming from the macro environment as well as project conditions should be considered in performing feasibility studies. The objective of this study was to develop a method that can be used to predict the profitability of hydropower investments considering the relevant risk factors. To that end, a cash flow that represents the construction and operation period is set up, the risk fac­tors involved in such projects are identified, the impacts of these risk factors on the cash flow parameters are assessed, and Monte Carlo simulation is performed to estimate the net present value (NPV) of a hydropower investment. The proposed method was tested in a hydropower investment located in Turkey and generated credible results that could be of great benefit to potential investors operating in similar conditions. The primary contribution of this research is the creation of a method that allows investors to assess the profitability of a hydropower investment by using a stochastic approach.
EVOLUTION IN THE INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE OF BIM RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: OLAWUMI Timothy O. , CHAN Daniel W. M. , WONG Johnny K. W.
Published: November 2017

Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes have continued to gain relevance in the Architectural, En­gineering, and Construction (AEC) industry with more resources directed toward it. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 445 BIM articles to investigate and understand the pattern of BIM research which include defining BIM research categories, evaluating the project sectors that are influenced by BIM, and tracking the funding structure of BIM research. A network map that displays a visualization of the structure of BIM literature by research origin, funding structure and geographical scope was designed. None of the previous reviews of literature analyzed the BIM articles’ corpus to such level and depth. The findings revealed research categories such as construction and project management and BIM learning, adoption & practice as the core research areas in BIM and highlighted trending research themes in BIM research. Authors based in Asia and Europe received more research grants than their counterparts in other regions; likewise, two-third of the articles was authored by academics in the United States, Korea, and the United Kingdom. The study provides its readers with relevant research areas that require considerations, and the discussion of selected research areas provides an extensive understanding of salient BIM fields.
Space Telescope Designed for Accurate Measurements
Authors: Terebizh V. Yu.
Published: November 2017

A modified version of the folded aplanatic Gregory telescope equipped with a spherical two-lens corrector is proposed for observations requiring a high signal-to-noise ratio. The basic telescope model has an aperture of 400 mm (f/3.0), its field of view is 3.°0, the linear obscuration is 0.12, and the distortion is less than 0.5%. The focal surface has a spherical shape, and achieving a plane field requires an increase in the number of lenses in the corrector. The images of stars in the integrated wavelength range 0.35–1.0 μm are close to the diffraction-limited ones (D
80 = 5.9–8.2 μm = 1.″0–1.″4). The system is free from direct background illumination, and both the lens corrector and the light detector are protected from cosmic particles.
MARXS: A Modular Software to Ray-trace X-Ray Instrumentation
Authors: Günther Hans Moritz , Frost Jason , Theriault-Shay Adam
Published: November 2017

To obtain the best possible scientific result, astronomers must understand the properties of the available instrumentation well. This is important both when designing new instruments and when using existing instruments close to the limits of their specified capabilities or beyond. Ray-tracing is a technique for numerical simulations where the path of many light rays is followed through the system to understand how individual system components influence the observed properties, such as the shape of the point-spread-function. In instrument design, such simulations can be used to optimize the performance. For observations with existing instruments, this helps to discern instrumental artefacts from a true signal. Here, we describe MARXS, a new python package designed to simulate X-ray instruments on satellites and sounding rockets. MARXS uses probability tracking of photons and has polarimetric capabilities.
Type II Supernova Spectral Diversity. I. Observations, Sample Characterization, and Spectral Line Evolution*
Authors: Gutiérrez Claudia P. , Anderson Joseph P. , Hamuy Mario , Morrell Nidia , González-Gaitan Santiago , Stritzinger Maximilian D. , Phillips Mark M. , Galbany Lluis , Folatelli Gastón , Dessart Luc , Contreras Carlos , Valle Massimo Della , Freedman Wendy L. , Hsiao Eric Y. , Krisciunas Kevin , Madore Barry F. , Maza José , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Prieto Jose Luis , González Luis , Cappellaro Enrico , Navarrete Mauricio , Pizzella Alessandro , Ruiz Maria T. , Smith R. Chris , Turatto Massimo
Published: November 2017

We present 888 visual-wavelength spectra of 122 nearby type II supernovae (SNe II) obtained between 1986 and 2009, and ranging between 3 and 363 days post-explosion. In this first paper, we outline our observations and data reduction techniques, together with a characterization based on the spectral diversity of SNe II. A statistical analysis of the spectral matching technique is discussed as an alternative to nondetection constraints for estimating SN explosion epochs. The time evolution of spectral lines is presented and analyzed in terms of how this differs for SNe of different photometric, spectral, and environmental properties: velocities, pseudo-equivalent widths, decline rates, magnitudes, time durations, and environment metallicity. Our sample displays a large range in ejecta expansion velocities, from ∼9600 to ∼1500 km s−1 at 50 days post-explosion with a median

value of 7300 km s−1. This is most likely explained through differing explosion energies. Significant diversity is also observed in the absolute strength of spectral lines, characterized through their pseudo-equivalent widths. This implies significant diversity in both temperature evolution (linked to progenitor radius) and progenitor metallicity between different SNe II. Around 60% of our sample shows an extra absorption component on the blue side of the

P-Cygni profile (“Cachito” feature) between 7 and 120 days since explosion. Studying the nature of Cachito, we conclude that these features at early times (before ∼35 days) are associated with Si ii

, while past the middle of the plateau phase they are related to high velocity (HV) features of hydrogen lines.
On the Origin of Banded Structure in Dusty Protoplanetary Disks: HL Tau and TW Hya
Authors: Boley A. C.
Published: November 2017

Recent observations of HL Tau revealed remarkably detailed structure within the system’s circumstellar disk. A range of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the morphology, including, e.g., planet–disk interactions, condensation fronts, and secular gravitational instabilities. While embedded planets seem to be able to explain some of the major structure in the disk through interactions with gas and dust, the substructures, such as low-contrast rings and bands, are not so easily reproduced. Here, we show that dynamical interactions between three planets (only two of which are modeled) and an initial population of large planetesimals can potentially explain both the major and minor banded features within the system. In this context, the small grains, which are coupled to the gas and reveal the disk morphology, are produced by the collisional evolution of the newly formed planetesimals, which are ubiquitous in the system and are decoupled from the gas.
Probing the Hot X-Ray Corona around the Massive Spiral Galaxy, NGC 6753, Using Deep XMM-Newton Observations
Authors: Bogdán Ákos , Bourdin Hervé , Forman William R. , Kraft Ralph P. , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars , Springel Volker
Published: November 2017

X-ray emitting gaseous coronae around massive galaxies are a basic prediction of galaxy formation models. Although the coronae around spiral galaxies offer a fundamental test of these models, observational constraints on their characteristics are still scarce. While the presence of extended hot coronae has been established around a handful of massive spiral galaxies, the short X-ray observations only allowed for measurements of the basic characteristics of the coronae. In this work, we utilize deep XMM-Newton observations of NGC 6753 to explore its extended X-ray corona in unprecedented detail. Specifically, we establish the isotropic morphology of the hot gas, suggesting that it resides in hydrostatic equilibrium. The temperature profile of the gas shows a decrease with an increasing radius: it drops from

in the innermost parts to

at a 50 kpc radius. The temperature map reveals the complex temperature structure of the gas. We study the metallicity distribution of the gas, which is uniform at

Solar. This value is about an order of magnitude lower than that obtained for elliptical galaxies with similar dark matter halo mass, hinting that the hot gas in spiral galaxies predominantly originates from external gas inflows rather than from internal sources. By extrapolating the density profile of the hot gas out to the virial radius, we estimate the total gas mass and derive the total baryon mass of NGC 6753. We conclude that the baryon mass fraction is

, implying that about half of the baryons are missing.
How to Reconcile the Observed Velocity Function of Galaxies with Theory
Authors: Brooks Alyson M. , Papastergis Emmanouil , Christensen Charlotte R. , Governato Fabio , Stilp Adrienne , Quinn Thomas R. , Wadsley James
Published: November 2017

Within a Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) scenario, we use high-resolution cosmological simulations spanning over four orders of magnitude in galaxy mass to understand the deficit of dwarf galaxies in observed velocity functions (VFs). We measure velocities in as similar a way as possible to observations, including generating mock H i data cubes for our simulated galaxies. We demonstrate that this apples-to-apples comparison yields an “observed” VF in agreement with observations, reconciling the large number of low-mass halos expected in a ΛCDM cosmological model with the low number of observed dwarfs at a given velocity. We then explore the source of the discrepancy between observations and theory and conclude that the dearth of observed dwarf galaxies is primarily explained by two effects. The first effect is that galactic rotational velocities derived from the H i linewidth severely underestimate the maximum halo velocity. The second effect is that a large fraction of halos at the lowest masses are too faint to be detected by current galaxy surveys. We find that cored DM density profiles can contribute to the lower observed velocity of galaxies but only for galaxies in which the velocity is measured interior to the size of the core (∼3 kpc).
From the Myth of the Primal Horde to the Test of the Family Romance
Authors: Lepoutre Thomas
Published: November 2017

On essaye ici de faire valoir les concordances frappantes des deux « récits originaires » auxquels Freud accorde une place centrale, en confrontant ouvertement le « mythe de la horde originaire » au « Roman familial des névrosés », selon le titre de l’article freudien de 1908. Cela revient à interroger l’intertextualité secrète travaillant le mythe freudien de la généalogie culturelle et le roman névrotique de la généalogie individuelle – en posant cette question : dans quelle mesure le mythe nous aide-t-il à lire le roman, et le roman nous aide-t-il à lire le mythe ?
The Political in Freudian Discourse
Authors: Birman Joel
Published: November 2017

Cet essai vise à souligner l’existence de la problématique de la politique dans le discours freudien, qui l’imprègne comme un invariant théorique. Il critique le maintien sous silence de cette problématique par l’archive instituée au sein de la tradition psychanalytique post-freudienne. Pour relancer son importance, il a fallu restaurer dans l’archive freudienne d’autres lignes de force et de fuite pour expliciter le dialogue qu’elle établit avec la tradition de la philosophie politique, afin de mettre en relief les registres du lien social, du contrat social et du pouvoir dans leurs relations avec la pulsion, de l’inconscient et du transfert.
Critique and Discourses on Colonialism: Fanon vs. Mannoni
Authors: Combres Laurent
Published: November 2017

La contradiction qui, par ouvrages interposés, a opposé les analyses de la situation coloniale et des conditions du racisme par Octave Mannoni et Frantz Fanon est ici reprise de façon serrée dans une lecture croisée et critique de leurs travaux, avec pour point d'articulation les repères historiques des fondamentaux de l'élaboration de la psychanalyse (Freud et Lacan) auxquels l'un et l'autre avaient accès. L'accent est mis sur les modalités de la rencontre de l'autre (langage, fantasme, mythe et structure) que ces deux auteurs tentent d'articuler au travers de leur interprétation du mécanisme de colonisation.
From the Evaluation of Psychotherapies to Research in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Thurin Jean-Michel
Published: November 2017

Douze ans se sont écoulés depuis la publication de l’expertise Inserm : Psychothérapie, trois approches évaluées . Où en sommes-nous ? Au niveau international, les études concernant l’efficacité de l’approche psychanalytique se sont multipliées. Parallèlement, les comparaisons d’approches globales sont sorties des priorités de la recherche en psychothérapie, au profit d’études centrées sur les conditions et les causes intervenant dans les processus de changement. En France, un réseau Inserm de recherches fondées sur les pratiques psychothérapiques s’est constitué. Associant cliniciens et chercheurs, il développe depuis 2008 une méthodologie innovante sur l’action thérapeutique. À partir de l’étude approfondie de cas traités dans des conditions naturelles, ses perspectives sont cliniques, pratiques et théoriques. Une centaine de psychanalystes y participent dans les pôles autisme et borderline, et différentes publications rendent compte des observations réalisées.
Extraños compañeros de viaje: Cervantes y Mary Shelley
Authors: Moro Alfredo
Published: November 2017

Miguel de Cervantes y Mary Shelley parecen, a priori, dos extraños compañeros de viaje. Pese a las evidentes divergencias entre la narrativa de ambos autores, la autora inglesa mostró un notable interés por la vida y obra de Miguel de Cervantes a lo largo de toda su carrera. Este artículo pretende ofrecer un retrato preciso de los intereses cervantinos de la autora de Frankenstein, rastreando con este fin la correspondencia personal de la autora inglesa, su producción narrativa, y finalmente, su contribución al cervantismo: la Life of Cervantes (1837) que Shelley publicaría en la Cabinet Cyclopaedia de Dyonisius Lardner.
Pilgrimage, Tradition, and Authenticity
Authors: Lynch Andrew P.
Published: November 2017

This chapter argues that the Chartres pilgrimage is an example of religious travel that provides an ‘authentic' pilgrimage experience, in contrast with commercially packaged tours. This focus on tradition and authenticity is achieved by the gruelling nature of the walk, the use of medieval cathedrals as points of origin and destination, and a connection to Catholic rituals. The chapter examines scholarly literature on pilgrimage and religious tourism to show that the organisers are seeking to promote an experience that is distinct among religious tours. Furthermore, the chapter considers how the pilgrimage is illustrative of religious expression in post-secular times. At a time when the secularization thesis is being questioned, and where religion has become of greater importance for politics and policy formation, how religious identity is expressed, and how religious practitioners maintain their sense of the sacred in ‘a secular age', are important questions. The work of Habermas and Taylor is analysed to see how the pilgrimage reflects religion in post-secular times.
Wastage and Cold Chain Infrastructure Relationship in Indian Food Supply Chain
Authors: Negi Saurav , Anand Neeraj
Published: November 2017

India, the world's second-largest producer and one of the centers of origin of Fruits and Vegetables is also one of the biggest food wasters in the world. The challenge of feeding India's billion plus people is not really about agriculture and food production but getting the quality food to the concerned people in a right time. The biggest contributors to this waste are lack of temperature controlled transport and inadequate quality of cold storage facilities for both Farmers and Food sellers i.e. retailers. What India lacks, and needs, is a well-developed, world-class cold chain infrastructure. Without it, India's problems are vast and likely to grow. In this chapter, the authors tries to outlines the extent of Fruits and Vegetables waste in India (at various stages from farm to retail) and its ramifications on food production and safety. Authors also highlighted the challenges faced by cold chain sector in India and a roadmap for improvements. As Indian economy is based on agriculture, development of Cold Chain infrastructure from farm to retail points will play a crucial role.
The Role of the Core Moral Values in Social Work
Authors: Maxim Sorin-Tudor
Published: November 2017

We consider it appropriate to examine, within the social work act, under the new circumstances, the importance of other than traditional values which tend to become central, that human intervention relates to. In this particular context, tolerance, understood as a respect for different, but human lifestyles, and the empathy, as a way to meet real, not “presumed” expectations, of individuals and groups, have the ability to restructure the system of values of social work able to allow a different approach in order to achieve the human condition.
Evaluation of Celebrity Endorsements on Consumer Perception and Brand Equity in Indian Market
Authors: Sen Negi Ankita , Das Payel
Published: November 2017

One of the most popular forms of marketing strategy to endorse a product or a brand is celebrity endorsement. Masses are big fan of celebrities both films or sports industry. Hence, using celebrities for brand or social welfare activities is a common phenomenon. Consumers do not purchase a product not because of their love and trust on the celebrity only. This study is aimed at finding the relation in building brand equity and the celebrity endorsers. This research infers the relationship between consumer perception formed through celebrity endorsements and its impact brand equity. It is also inferred from the study that celebrity endorsement fit for a product has a positive effect on consumer perception, hence building brand equity.
The Impact of Indian Movie Industry on Marketization of India, Inc.
Authors: Barat Somjit
Published: November 2017

This chapter focuses on how the Indian film industry has helped market “India Inc.” to the outside world since the Government of India accorded ‘industry' status to the business of film-making in 1998. Specifically, this article focuses on how the biggest film industry in the world went through decades of chaotic and unprofessional managerial regimes to acquire the status of one of the most sought-after marketing platforms by different entities—both Indian and international. The chapter also discusses how the ‘marriage of convenience' between Indian film world and the game of cricket added fuel to the marketization of the Indian film industry. Overall, this chapter leaves the reader with several interesting and groundbreaking ideas for future research.
Assessment Literacy Within Middle School-Level Math Professional Learning Communities
Authors: Wheat Jennifer
Published: November 2017

Professional learning communities (PLCs) have been implemented in school districts as a means to promote effective instructional policy initiatives and best practices. The purpose of this chapter is to identify assessment literacy commonalities within middle school-level math PLCs and to compare those commonalities across PLCs with different levels of student math growth. Multiple indicators of assessment literacy were used to supply rich descriptions of assessment literacy within each PLC using a procedure recommended by Bernhardt for effective data-driven decision making. Based upon the findings the researcher concluded that commonalities existed among PLCs with different levels of student math growth.
The Role of Metacogntion and Knowledge Transfer in Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Mariano Gina J. , Batchelor Kirsten
Published: November 2017

Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school. This quote by Albert Einstein embodies the essence of the relationship between metacognition and self-directed learning. It is important for students to remember what they learn in school, but many forget the information because they have not been taught metacognitive learning strategies. The learning strategies we teach students supports them in their effort to become good learners. In this chapter, we discuss the relationships between metacognition and knowledge transfer, critical thinking and self-directed learning. It brings together multiple perspectives on metacognition and knowledge transfer and discusses instructor strategies to engage students in metacognitive learning strategies.
Online Advertising
Authors: Behboudi Mehdi , Koshksaray Amir Abedini
Published: November 2017

This study expands previous models of avoidance on online advertising, in particular, Cho and Cheon's (2004) model, and examines two new dimensions on why people avoid advertising on the Internet. The study presents a comprehensive theoretical model and examines seven exogenous latent variables based on structural equation modeling, SEM. By using SEM, we found that seven latent variables including user-perceived ad quality, internet life style, primary motives, gender differences (initial ad avoidance), perceived ad clutter, prior negative experience, and perceived goal impediment (further ad avoidance) collectively explain why people avoid advertising on the Internet. We found that avoidance has two key dimensions “initial ad avoidance” and “further ad avoidance.”
The Philosophy of the Objective and Purpose of Islamic Law
Authors: Azahari Raihanah , Rahman Asmak Ab , Abdullah Raihanah , Rahim Mardhiah A.
Published: November 2017

Population and life expectancy of the elderly are increasing in Malaysia, while the birth rate is declining. Increasing age results in physical and psychological changes. Life at this age can be challenging, especially from an economic standpoint. Economic protection refers to a sense of safety and protection derived from a solid income or other resources to support present and future needs. People need food, clothing, shelter, and good health to survive. In Islam, this is a basic requirement for human life. Inadequate economic protections contribute to increased poverty and affect the quality of life, contrary to the philosophy of the objectives of Islamic law, which seek to preserve its five major interests: religion, life, property, lineage, and intellect. As a holistic religion, Islam does not ignore economic protection and its role in preserving human life, including for the elderly. This chapter discusses forms of economic protection for the elderly that ensure achievement of the objectives of Islamic law.
How People Choose and Use Their Smartphones
Authors: Almunawar Mohammad Nabil , Anshari Muhammad , Susanto Heru , Chen Chin Kang
Published: November 2017

Global adoption of smartphones has changed the way people communicate, interact and perform their daily tasks. Smartphones have many highly attractive features that assist people in performing their daily tasks. This paper discusses a survey on the utilization of smartphones by consumers in Brunei Darussalam (Brunei). We use the Theory of Reasoned Action Model to reveal customers preference in choosing a specific product over the other. We conducted a survey with consumers, stressing on product preferences, consumption behavior of smartphones, as well as opinions on the functionality of smartphones. Smartphones are considered very useful by the majority of the respondents who are strongly attached to them as they are heavily used in social networking. As such, smartphones have reached to become necessary devices in Brunei and for many Bruneians, performance and appearance are more important than price.
Interactividad en las salas de prensa online de los Parlamentos autonómicos españoles: luces y sombras
Authors: Vázquez Sande Pablo , Pineda-Martínez Paula , Fernández Lombao Tania
Published: November 2017

El propósito de este estudio es comprobar cómo los parlamentos españoles incorporan características interactivas en sus salas de prensa online como forma de comunicación, no solo con los medios de comunicación sino también con la ciudadanía. Metodología. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de contenido para medir la accesibilidad de las salas de prensa online, los contenidos informativos que se incluyen en ellas, y las posibilidades interactivas que ofrecen. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados muestran un nivel excelente en cuanto a estándares de accesibilidad, una incorporación divergente en lo relativo a canales y herramientas (divulgación de ruedas de prensa, retransmisiones en tiempo real...) y una deficitaria promoción de la participación ciudadana en aspectos como los buzones de sugerencias, la posibilidad de realizar comentarios o el empleo de herramientas sincrónicas, entre otros.
Health Status of Asylum Seekers, Spain
Authors: Serre-Delcor Núria , Ascaso Carlos , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Collazos-Sanchez Francisco , Treviño-Maruri Begoña , Sulleiro Elena , Pou-Ciruelo Diana , Bocanegra-Garcia Cristina , Molina-Romero Israel
Published: November 2017

The rising rate of conflicts and the unsafe situation caused by reasons of ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, political opinion, or nationality entail an increase in the number of migratory movements. The goal of this article is to describe the health status of asylum seekers visited in an international health center. We conducted a retrospective study of the asylum seekers visited between July 2013 and June 2016. A total of 303 cases were included. The median age was 28.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–35), and 203 (67.0%) were men. Of the total, 128 cases (42.2%) were from Asia, 82 (27.1%) from Eastern Europe, 42 (13.9%) from sub-Saharan Africa, 34 (11.2%) from America, and 17 (5.6%) from Maghreb. The majority, 287 (94.7%), were asymptomatic. Seventy of the 303 (23.1%) cases were diagnosed with at least one infection, this being more prevalent in men; migrants from sub-Saharan Africa; and in those who took a land-maritime migratory route. Eight of the 303 (2.6%) cases were referred to the transcultural psychiatric department. Two important challenges of the study were the communication barriers and the legal or social situation that condition the psychological symptoms. In 48 of the 303 (15.8%) cases, there was diagnosed a noncommunicable diseases. The process of care was completed by 82.5%; although 21.9% completed the vaccination for hepatitis B. The asylum seekers in this study were in general healthy young men, although special attention was given to infectious diseases with certain geoepidemiological backgrounds. Unstable living arrangements, linguistic, and cultural barriers could account for the failure of the course of care.
Las escuadras en las marcas de cantero de la Vila d’Horta de Sant Joan (XIV)
Authors: Lluis i Ginovart Josep , Costa i Jover Agustí , Coll Pla Sergio , López Piquer Mónica
Published: November 2017

En el ábside de la Iglesia de Horta de Sant Joan (1316), existen unas marcas de cantero con grandes escuadras. El objetivo es determinar la medida y proporcionalidad de este instrumento y su posible utilización en la fábrica medieval. El planteamiento es determinar el funcionamiento de la escuadra por rotación, y en especial en el replanteo de ábside pentagonal. La escuadra puede ser utilizada como un ábaco para la construcción de polígonos regulares. Estos instrumentos, mediante pequeños ajustes y calibraciones, permiten resultados  muy eficaces para la construcción de polígonos 11, 13, 14, 17 o 19 lados, que no aparecen ni en las fuentes mathematicis, ni en los escasos códices de la Practica Geometriae.
El espacio digital: comparativa de las últimas técnicas de visualización arquitectónica
Authors: Higuera Trujillo Juan Luis , López-Tarruella Maldonado Juan , Llinares Millán Carmen , Iñarra Abad Susana
Published: November 2017

La gran evolución tecnológica en los medios de representación arquitectónica durante las últimas décadas, ha abierto un nuevo abanico de posibilidades digitales para visualizar el espacio no construido.

Los sistemas de inmersión espacial, desarrollados inicialmente por la industria del videojuego, han ido adentrándose en el escéptico ámbito de la representación arquitectónica, ofreciendo una serie de innegables ventajas, entre ellas facilitar la comprensión de los espacios al no especializado.

Con el objeto de estudiar las bondades de estas nuevas herramientas virtuales, se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental que compara la respuesta del usuario ante distintos soportes gráficos y tecnológicos.

Con una muestra de 84 participantes, los datos obtenidos revelan importantes diferencias en la percepción del espacio en función del formato y soporte empleado para su representación. Los resultados de este trabajo permiten reflexionar en torno a los nuevos medios de representar la arquitectura, en el ámbito profesional y el docente.

 
Dibujo arquitectónico, intención, percepción y Gestalt. Transparencias, estratificación y polifonía gráfica
Authors: Marcos Carlos L. , Allepuz Pedreño Ángel , Juan Gutiérrez Pablo Jeremías
Published: November 2017

La teoría de la Gestalt sentó las bases para inferir leyes perceptivas a partir de experiencias empíricas relacionando el fenómeno de percepción visual con la epistemología. Así, aspectos perceptivos determinantes en cuestiones de diseño gráfico o en el propio lenguaje pictórico pudieron emplearse desde entonces de modo intencional a partir del conocimiento de dichas leyes perceptivas. Algunas de éstas, como las de figura-fondo, continuidad, cierre o las distintas posibilidades expresivas derivadas del uso de la transparencia permiten desarrollar estrategias de estratificación gráfica incrementando la complejidad visual y las posibilidades narrativas en lo que constituye una verdadera polifonía gráfica. Este artículo pretende profundizar sobre el tema haciendo públicas las experiencias que se han desarrollado con ejemplos reales que ilustran las posibilidades expresivas y narrativas que surgen del empleo intencional de las leyes de la Gestalt en la expresión gráfica arquitectónica.
Diseño arquitectónico con el cine: articulaciones narrativas y temporales
Authors: Andjelkovic Katarina
Published: November 2017

Algunas prácticas recientes han reconocido que el proceso de diseño arquitectónico proporciona una fuente de nuevas prácticas de dibujo contextualizando nuestra experiencia cenestésica del espacio. Podemos plantear la hipótesis de que sobre una visión renovada del diseño arquitectónico en el mundo del cine, enriquecerá el valor del diseño arquitectónico en el poder de la invención sobre los procesos artísticos. En consecuencia, podemos obtener resultados que son un síntoma de progresión temporal basado no en cronología o sucesión, sino más bien en una topología entrelazada o serialización superpuesta, rasgo característico del cine.
Idealización tipológica y estilística por comparación para el estudio de los soportes en la arquitectura sacra giennense. Propuesta de reconstrucción para el caso de las ruinas de la Iglesia de Santa María de Cazorla
Authors: Estepa Rubio Jesús , Estepa Rubio Antonio
Published: November 2017

El contenido se focaliza en conseguir una reconstrucción ideal y un entendimiento, a través de la comparación y de los principios básicos constructivos y geométricos de modelos semejantes, de uno de los elementos arquitectónicos más característicos y representativos de la Arquitectura del Renacimiento Andaluz: el soporte.

Para ello se propone como objeto de estudio las ruinas de la Iglesia de Santa María de Cazorla, cuyo estado inconcluso permite utilizarlas como tapiz sobre el que encajar piezas inexistentes que derivan del análisis estilístico, geométrico y formal que, por comparación, podemos deducir de arquitecturas equivalentes. La idealización de los modelos permitirá que el estudio de los soportes pueda acercarse con precisión sobre los requerimientos espaciales, métricos y constructivos que se detectan.
Sensitivity of surface temperature to radiative forcing by contrail cirrus in a radiative-mixing model
Authors: Schumann Ulrich , Mayer Bernhard
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Earth's surface temperature sensitivity to radiative forcing (RF) by contrail cirrus and the related RF efficacy relative to CO2 are investigated in a one-dimensional idealized model of the atmosphere. The model includes energy transport by shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation and by mixing in an otherwise fixed reference atmosphere (no other feedbacks). Mixing includes convective adjustment and turbulent diffusion, where the latter is related to the vertical component of mixing by large-scale eddies. The conceptual study shows that the surface temperature sensitivity to given contrail RF depends strongly on the timescales of energy transport by mixing and radiation. The timescales are derived for steady layered heating (ghost forcing) and for a transient contrail cirrus case. The radiative timescales are shortest at the surface and shorter in the troposphere than in the mid-stratosphere. Without mixing, a large part of the energy induced into the upper troposphere by radiation due to contrails or similar disturbances gets lost to space before it can contribute to surface warming. Because of the different radiative forcing at the surface and at top of atmosphere (TOA) and different radiative heating rate profiles in the troposphere, the local surface temperature sensitivity to stratosphere-adjusted RF is larger for SW than for LW contrail forcing. Without mixing, the surface energy budget is more important for surface warming than the TOA budget. Hence, surface warming by contrails is smaller than suggested by the net RF at TOA. For zero mixing, cooling by contrails cannot be excluded. This may in part explain low efficacy values for contrails found in previous global circulation model studies. Possible implications of this study are discussed. Since the results of this study are model dependent, they should be tested with a comprehensive climate model in the future.
A study of 15-year aerosol optical thickness and direct shortwave aerosol radiative effect trends using MODIS, MISR, CALIOP and CERES
Authors: Alfaro-Contreras Ricardo , Zhang Jianglong , Reid Jeffrey S. , Christopher Sundar
Published: November 2017

Abstract. By combining Collection 6 Moderate Resolution and Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Version 22 Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) aerosol products with Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) flux products, the aerosol optical thickness (AOT, at 0.55 µm) and shortwave (SW) aerosol radiative effect (SWARE) trends are studied over ocean for the near-full Terra (2000–2015) and Aqua (2002–2015) data records. Despite differences in sampling methods, regional SWARE and AOT trends are highly correlated with one another. Over global oceans, weak SWARE (cloud-free SW flux) and AOT trends of 0.5–0.6 W m−2 (−0.5 to −0.6 W m−2) and 0.002 AOT decade−1 are found using Terra data. Near-zero AOT and SWARE trends are also found for using Aqua data, regardless of the angular distribution models (ADMs) used. Regionally, positive AOT and cloud-free SW flux (negative SWARE) trends are found over the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, while statistically significant negative trends are derived over the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern US coast. In addition, the global mean instantaneous SW aerosol direct forcing efficiencies are found to be ∼ −60 W m−2 AOT−1, with corresponding SWARE values of ∼ −7 W m−2 from both Aqua and Terra data, again regardless of CERES ADMs used. Regionally, SW aerosol direct forcing efficiency values of  ∼ −40 W m−2 AOT−1 are found over the southwest coast of Africa where smoke aerosol particles dominate in summer. Larger (in magnitude) SW aerosol direct forcing efficiency values of −50 to −80 W m−2 AOT−1 are found over several other dust- and pollutant-aerosol-dominated regions. Lastly, the AOT and SWARE trends from this study are also intercompared with aerosol trends (such as active-based ones) from several previous studies. Findings suggest that a cohesive understanding of the changing aerosol skies can be achieved through the analysis of observations from both passive- and active-based analyses, as well as from both narrowband and broadband datasets.
Clear-air lidar dark band
Authors: Di Girolamo Paolo , Scoccione Andrea , Cacciani Marco , Summa Donato , Schween Jan H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This paper illustrates measurements carried out by the Raman lidar BASIL in the frame of the HD(CP)2) Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE), revealing the presence of a clear-air dark band phenomenon (i.e. a minimum in lidar backscatter echoes) in the upper portion of the convective boundary layer. The phenomenon is clearly distinguishable in the lidar backscatter echoes at 532 and 1064 nm, as well as in the particle depolarization data. This phenomenon is attributed to the presence of lignite aerosol particles advected from the surrounding open pit mines in the vicinity of the measuring site. The paper provides evidence of the phenomenon and illustrates possible interpretations for its occurrence.
On the compatibility of Brewer total column ozone measurements in two adjacent valleys (Arosa and Davos) in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Stübi René , Schill Herbert , Klausen Jörg , Vuilleumier Laurent , Gröbner Julian , Egli Luca , Ruffieux Dominique
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Arosa site is well known in the ozone community for its continuous total ozone column observations that have been recorded since 1926. Originally based on Dobson sun spectrophotometers, the site has been gradually complemented by three automatic Brewer instruments, in operation since 1998. To secure the long-term ozone monitoring in this Alpine region and to benefit from synergies with the World Radiation Center, the feasibility of moving this activity to the nearby site at Davos (aerial distance of 13 km) has been explored. Concerns about a possible rupture of the 90-year-long record has motivated a careful comparison of the two sites, since great attention to the data continuity and quality has always been central to the operations of the observatory at Arosa. To this end, one element of the Arosa Brewer triad has been set up at the Davos site since November 2011 to realize a campaign of parallel measurements and to study the deviations between the three Brewer instruments. The analysis of the coincident measurement shows that the differences between Arosa and Davos remain within the range of the long-term stability of the Brewer instruments. A nonsignificant seasonal cycle is observed, which could possibly be induced by a stray-light bias and the altitude difference between the two sites. These differences are shown to be lower than the short-term variability of the time series and the overall uncertainty from individual Brewer instruments and therefore are not statistically significant. It is therefore concluded that the world's longest time series of the total ozone column obtained at Arosa site could be safely extended and continued with measurements taken from instruments located at the nearby Davos site without introducing a bias to this unique record.
Carbon uptake and biogeochemical change in the Southern Ocean, south of Tasmania
Authors: Pardo Paula Conde , Tilbrook Bronte , Langlais Clothilde , Trull Thomas William , Rintoul Stephen Rich
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Biogeochemical change in the water masses of the Southern Ocean, south of Tasmania, was assessed for the 16-year period between 1995 and 2011 using data from four summer repeats of the WOCE–JGOFS–CLIVAR–GO-SHIP (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) SR03 hydrographic section (at ∼ 140° E). Changes in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrients were used to disentangle the effect of solubility, biology, circulation and anthropogenic carbon (CANT) uptake on the variability of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for eight water mass layers defined by neutral surfaces (γn). CANT was estimated using an improved back-calculation method. Warming (∼ 0.0352 ± 0.0170 °C yr−1) of Subtropical Central Water (STCW) and Antarctic Surface Water (AASW) layers decreased their gas solubility, and accordingly DIC concentrations increased less rapidly than expected from equilibration with rising atmospheric CO2 (∼ 0.86 ± 0.16 µmol kg−1 yr−1 versus ∼ 1 ± 0.12 µmol kg−1 yr−1). An increase in apparent oxygen utilisation (AOU) occurred in these layers due to either remineralisation of organic matter or intensification of upwelling. The range of estimates for the increases in CANT were 0.71 ± 0.08 to 0.93 ± 0.08 µmol kg−1 yr−1 for STCW and 0.35 ± 0.14 to 0.65 ±  0.21 µmol kg−1 yr−1 for AASW, with the lower values in each water mass obtained by assigning all the AOU change to remineralisation. DIC increases in the Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW, 1.10 ± 0.14 µmol kg−1 yr−1) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW, 0.40 ± 0.15 µmol kg−1 yr−1) layers were similar to the calculated CANT trends. For SAMW, the CANT increase tracked rising atmospheric CO2. As a consequence of the general DIC increase, decreases in total pH (pHT) and aragonite saturation (ΩAr) were found in most water masses, with the upper ocean and the SAMW layer presenting the largest trends for pHT decrease (∼ −0.0031 ± 0.0004 yr−1). DIC increases in deep and bottom layers (∼ 0.24 ± 0.04 µmol kg−1 yr−1) resulted from the advection of old deep waters to resupply increased upwelling, as corroborated by increasing silicate (∼ 0.21 ± 0.07 µmol kg−1 yr−1), which also reached the upper layers near the Antarctic Divergence (∼ 0.36 ± 0.06 µmol kg−1 yr−1) and was accompanied by an increase in salinity. The observed changes in DIC over the 16-year span caused a shoaling (∼ 340 m) of the aragonite saturation depth (ASD, ΩAr =  1) within Upper Circumpolar Deep Water that followed the upwelling path of this layer. From all our results, we conclude a scenario of increased transport of deep waters into the section and enhanced upwelling at high latitudes for the period between 1995 and 2011 linked to strong westerly winds. Although enhanced upwelling lowered the capacity of the AASW layer to uptake atmospheric CO2, it did not limit that of the newly forming SAMW and AAIW, which exhibited CANT storage rates (∼ 0.41 ± 0.20 mol m−2 yr−1) twice that of the upper layers.