bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the binding nature and stability of highly transmissible mutated variant alpha to omicron of SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD with ACE2 via molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Ramakrishnan Jaganathan , Chinnamadhu Archana , Suresh Suganya , Poomani Kumaradhas
Published: July 2023

Currently, no approved drug is available as a causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) except for some repurposed drugs. The first structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was reported in late 2019, based on that some vaccines and repurposed drugs were approved to prevent people from COVID‐19 during the pandemic situation. Since then, new types of variants emerged and notably, the receptor binding domain (RBD) adopted different binding modes with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); this made significant changes in the progression of COVID‐19. Some of the new variants are highly infectious spreading fast and dangerous. The present study is focused on understanding the binding mode of the RBD of different mutated SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (alpha to omicron) with the human ACE2 using molecular dynamics simulation. Notably, some variants adopted a new binding mode of RBD with ACE2 and formed different interactions, which is unlike the wild type; this was confirmed from the comparison of interaction between RBD‐ACE2 of all variants with its wild‐type structure. Binding energy values confirm that some mutated variants exhibit high binding affinity. These findings demonstrate that the variations in the sequence of SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐protein altered the binding mode of RBD; this may be the reason that the virus has high transmissibility and causes new infections. This in‐silico study on mutated variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD with ACE2 insights into their binding mode, binding affinity, and stability. This information may help to understand the RBD‐ACE2 binding domains, which allows for designing newer drugs and vaccines.
The impact and role of identified long noncoding RNAs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A narrative review
Authors: Shi Na , Sun Kang , Tang Haiying , Mao Jingwei
Published: July 2023

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, but its mechanism and pathophysiology remain unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may exert a vital influence on regulating various biological functions in NAFLD.

Methods

The databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline were searched using the following keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH, long noncoding RNAs, and lncRNAs. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The authors evaluated the full texts of the remaining studies.

Results

We summarized the current knowledge of lncRNAs and the main signaling pathways of lncRNAs involved in NAFLD explored in recent years. As a heterogeneous group of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), lncRNAs play crucial roles in biological processes underlying the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The mechanisms, particularly those associated with the regulation of the expression and activities of lncRNAs, play important roles in NAFLD.

Conclusion

A better comprehension of the mechanism controlled by lncRNAs in NAFLD is necessary for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for drug development and improved, noninvasive methods for diagnosis.
Multicenter propensity score‐matched analysis comparing short versus long cap‐assisted colonoscopy for acute hematochezia
Authors: Kobayashi Mariko , Akiyama Shintaro , Narasaka Toshiaki , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Sho , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Kiyotoki Shu , Mikami Tatsuya , Gushima Ryosuke , Fujii Hiroyuki , Fuyuno Yuta , Gunji Naohiko , Toya Yosuke , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Manabe Noriaki , Nagaike Koji , Kinjo Tetsu , Sumida Yorinobu , Funakoshi Sadahiro , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Komaki Yuga , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Kaise Mitsuru , Nagata Naoyoshi
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim

While short and long attachment caps are available for colonoscopy, it is unclear which type is more appropriate for stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) identification in acute hematochezia. This study aimed to compare the performance of short versus long caps in acute hematochezia diagnoses and outcomes.

Methods

We selected 6460 patients who underwent colonoscopy with attachment caps from 10 342 acute hematochezia cases in the CODE BLUE‐J study. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) to balance baseline characteristics between short and long cap users. Then, the proportion of definitive or presumptive bleeding etiologies found on the initial colonoscopy and SRH identification rates were compared. We also evaluated rates of blood transfusions, interventional radiology, or surgery, as well as the rate of rebleeding and mortality within 30 days after the initial colonoscopy.

Results

A total of 3098 patients with acute hematochezia (1549 short cap and 1549 long cap users) were selected for PSM. The rate of colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) diagnosis was significantly higher in long cap users (P = 0.006). While the two groups had similar rates of the other bleeding etiologies, the frequency of unknown etiologies was significantly lower in long cap users (P < 0.001). The rate of SRH with active bleeding was significantly higher in long cap users (P < 0.001). Other clinical outcomes did not differ significantly.

Conclusion

Compared to that with short caps, long cap‐assisted colonoscopy is superior for the diagnosis of acute hematochezia, especially CDB, and the identification of active bleeding.
From Compressed‐Sensing to Deep Learning MR: Comparative Biventricular Cardiac Function Analysis in a Patient Cohort
Authors: Yan Xianghu , Luo Yi , Chen Xiao , Chen Eric Z. , Liu Qi , Zou Lixian , Bao Yuwei , Huang Lu , Xia Liming
Published: July 2023

Background

Conventional segmented, retrospectively gated cine (Conv‐cine) is challenged in patients with breath‐hold difficulties. Compressed sensing (CS) has shown values in cine imaging but generally requires long reconstruction time. Recent artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated potential in fast cine imaging.

Purpose

To compare CS‐cine and AI‐cine with Conv‐cine in quantitative biventricular functions, image quality, and reconstruction time.

Study Type

Prospective human studies.

Subjects

70 patients (age, 39 ± 15 years, 54.3% male).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T; balanced steady state free precession gradient echo sequences.

Assessment

Biventricular functional parameters of CS‐, AI‐, and Conv‐cine were measured by two radiologists independently and compared. The scan and reconstruction time were recorded. Subjective scores of image quality were compared by three radiologists.

Statistical Tests

Paired t‐test and two related‐samples Wilcoxon sign test were used to compare biventricular functional parameters between CS‐, AI‐, and Conv‐cine. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman analysis, and Kendall's W method were applied to evaluate agreement of biventricular functional parameters and image quality of these three sequences. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and standardized mean difference (SMD) < 0. 100 was considered no significant difference.

Results

Compared to Conv‐cine, no statistically significant differences were identified in CS‐ and AI‐cine function results (all P > 0.05), except for very small differences in left ventricle end‐diastole volumes of 2.5 mL (SMD = 0.082) and 4.1 mL (SMD = 0.096), respectively. Bland–Altman scatter plots revealed that biventricular function results were mostly distributed within the 95% confidence interval. All parameters had acceptable to excellent interobserver agreements (ICC: 0.748–0.989). Compared with Conv‐cine (84 ± 13 sec), both CS (14 ± 2 sec) and AI (15 ± 2 sec) techniques reduced scan time. Compared with CS‐cine (304 ± 17 sec), AI‐cine (24 ± 4 sec) reduced reconstruction time. CS‐cine demonstrated significantly lower quality scores than Conv‐cine, while AI‐cine demonstrated similar scores (P = 0.634).

Conclusion

CS‐ and AI‐cine can achieve whole‐heart cardiac cine imaging in a single breath‐hold. Both CS‐ and AI‐cine have the potential to supplement the gold standard Conv‐cine in studying biventricular functions and benefit patients having difficulties with breath‐holds.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy Stage

1
Distinct retinoic gene signatures discriminate Merkel cell polyomavirus‐positive from ‐negative Merkel cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Mazziotta Chiara , Cervellera Christian Felice , Badiale Giada , Vitali Ilaria , Touzé Antoine , Tognon Mauro , Martini Fernanda , Rotondo John Charles
Published: July 2023

Limited molecular knowledge of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)‐positive and ‐negative Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) subsets (MCCP/MCCN) has prevented so far the identification of the MCC origin cell type and, therefore, the development of effective therapies. The retinoic gene signature was investigated in various MCCP, MCCN, and control fibroblast/epithelial cell lines to elucidate the heterogeneous nature of MCC. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis indicated that MCCP and MCCN cells were clusterizable from each other and control cells, according to their retinoic gene signature. MCCP versus MCCN differentially expressed genes (n = 43) were identified. Protein–protein interaction network indicated SOX2, ISL1, PAX6, FGF8, ASCL1, OLIG2, SHH, and GLI1 as upregulated hub genes and JAG1 and MYC as downregulated hub genes in MCCP compared to MCCN. Numerous MCCP‐associated hub genes were DNA‐binding/‐transcription factors involved in neurological and Merkel cell development and stemness. Enrichment analyses indicated that MCCP versus MCCN differentially expressed genes predominantly encode for to DNA‐binding/‐transcription factors involved in development, stemness, invasiveness, and cancer. Our findings suggest the neuroendocrine origin of MCCP, by which neuronal precursor cells could undergo an MCPyV‐driven transformation. These overarching results might open the way to novel retinoid‐based MCC therapies.
Analytical analysis and linearity performance of dual metalhigh‐KSchottky nanowireFET(DM‐HK‐SNWFET)
Authors: Sharma Swati , Nath Vandana , Deswal S. S. , Gupta R. S.
Published: July 2023

This study's objectives are to deliver a relative analysis of non‐uniformly doped (NUD) and uniformly doped Dual Metal High‐K Schottky nanowire FET (DM‐HK‐SNWFET). Surface potential, subthreshold current, subthreshold swing, and drain current have been expressed and analyzed by resolving 2D Poisson's equation with suitable boundary conditions. The analog performance of the device is verified by examining cut‐off frequency (fT), trans‐conductance frequency product (TFP), gain frequency product (GFP), and gain trans‐conductance frequency product (GTFP). The results show suitable RF circuit parameters with a high switching ratio (≈3 × 109) and low subthreshold swing (61 mV/decade) for NUD‐DM‐HK‐SNWFET. Additionally, linearity frequency of merits (FOMs) and distortion performance are also studied by numerically calculating higher order voltage and current intercept point (VIP2,VIP3, IIP3, IMD3); 1‐dB compression point and Harmonics distortions (HD2 and HD3) using transconductance (gm1) along with its higher derivativesgm2andgm3. These parameters exhibit high‐level linearity and low‐level distortion at zero crossover points in NUD‐DM‐HK‐SNWFET, making it a better contender for low‐power and high‐performance applications.
Negative affect provides a context for increased distrust in the daily lives of individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment
Authors: Schmitz Sara E. , Niedtfeld Inga , Lane Sean P. , Seitz Katja I. , Hepp Johanna
Published: July 2023

Evidence on individuals affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childhood maltreatment (CM) supports cognitive models suggesting that trauma engenders distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity. We examined the associations between CM and both distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity in daily life and investigated whether momentary negative affect (NA) provides a context that strengthens this association. Hypotheses were based on cognitive models of trauma and the feelings‐as‐information theory. In a 7‐day ambulatory assessment study with six semirandom daily prompts (2,295 total), we measured self‐reported momentary NA and assessed behavioral trust as well as interpersonal threat sensitivity via facial emotion ratings with two novel experimental paradigms in 61 participants with varying levels of CM (45,900 total trials). As hypothesized, NA was associated with increased momentary distrust, β = .03, p = .002, and interpersonal threat sensitivity, β = −.01, p = .021. Higher levels of CM were associated with more negative emotion ratings, independent of affective context, β = −.07, p = .003. Momentary behavioral distrust was associated with CM at high levels of momentary NA, β = .02, p = .027. The findings for both tasks support the feelings‐as‐information theory and suggest that cognitive alterations surrounding distrust and interpersonal threat, which were originally proposed for PTSD, likely also affect individuals with a history of CM.
American Cochlear Implant Alliance Task Force: Recommendations for Determining Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Adults
Authors: Zeitler Daniel M. , Prentiss Sandra M. , Sydlowski Sarah A. , Dunn Camille C.
Published: July 2023

The indications for cochlear implantation have expanded over time due to evidence demonstrating identification and implantation of appropriate cochlear implant (CI) candidates lead to significant improvements in speech recognition and quality of life (QoL). However, clinical practice is variable, with some providers using outdated criteria and others exceeding current labeled indications. As a results, only a fraction of those persons who could benefit from CI technology receive it. This document summarizes the current evidence for determining appropriate referrals for adults with bilateral hearing loss into CI centers for formal evaluation by stressing the importance of treating each ear individually and a “revised 60/60 rule”. By mirroring contemporary clinical practice and available evidence, these recommendations will also provide a standardized testing protocol for CI candidates using a team‐based approach that prioritizes individualized patient care. This manuscript was developed by the Adult Cochlear Implantation Candidacy Task Force of the American Cochlear Implant Alliance using review of the existing literature and clinical consensus.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 134:S1–S14, 2024
Fast 3D Optoacoustic Mesoscopy of Neuromelanin Through Entire Human Midbrain Organoids at Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Englert Ludwig , Lacalle‐Aurioles María , Mohamed Nguyen‐Vi , Lépine Paula , Mathur Meghna , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Durcan Thomas M. , Aguirre Juan
Published: July 2023

Parkinson's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of neuromelanin‐containing dopaminergic neurons. Novel 3D culture systems like human midbrain‐like organoids (hMOs) enable new research avenues for patient‐specific therapies, but cannot reach their full potential unless rapid optical imaging of entire organoids is enabled. Currently, hMOs have to undergo tissue clearing processes before imaging to overcome light scattering. Since tissue clearing is a lengthy chemical procedure, large ensemble studies and pharmacological longitudinal studies, which require live cultures, are impossible. To address this obstacle, raster scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) is considered for imaging intact hMOs. RSOM is an optical imaging technique that leverages the optoacoustic effect to overcome the need of tissue clearing. Moreover, by using tomographic principles, large specimens can be imaged within minutes. The results confirm that RSOM can image the neuromelanin distribution in complete hMOs at a single‐cell resolution. Whole hMO volumes of standard size can be imaged in 4 min. Comparison with bright‐field microscopy and histology confirms the ground truth of the RSOM images. This work opens several research opportunities regarding neuromelanin in hMOs with potential to boost research in Parkinson disease.
Some surfaces with canonical maps of degrees 10, 11, and 14
Authors: Fallucca Federico , Gleissner Christian
Published: July 2023

In this note, we present examples of complex algebraic surfaces of general type with canonical maps of degrees 10, 11, and 14. They are constructed as quotients of a product of two Fermat septics using certain free actions of the group .
Equitable design of material processing parameters by utilizing probability‐based method for multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Wang Y. , Zheng M. , Li D. , Teng H. , Lei Y. , Zhao T.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the equitable design is regulated, two steps are involved in the main processes. Preliminarily, the newly proposed probability‐based method for multi‐objective optimization is used to transfer the multi‐objective problem into a single objective one in the viewpoint of probability theory; subsequently the “uniform design method” and “good lattice point” are employed to complete the discretization in the sequential optimization. Moreover, the detailed parameters design of heat treatment for steel 30CrMnSiA and the proper cutting of titanium alloy are given as examples. The experimental results show the rationality of the proposed approach reasonably.
A study of double general transform for solving fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Saadeh Rania , Ghazal Bayan , Burqan Aliaa
Published: July 2023

In this research, we introduce the basic properties of the single and double general transforms. New interesting results related to fractional operators in the sense of Caputo derivative are investigated and proved. In this study, the general double transformation is utilized to study the application on some special functions, such as the Mittag–Leffler function, and on the Caputo's fractional derivative of different and higher orders. Moreover, we establish new interesting formulas and prove some theories that can save efforts and time for researchers as they investigate the properties and applications of integral transformations on fractional operators. The results obtained in this research are tested by solving different types of fractional partial differential equations to obtain exact solutions. The outcomes of this article are valuable to researchers and mathematicians who are interested in the solving fractional partial differential equations via integral transforms, which are considered as important techniques to handle these equations.
Bernoulli wavelet least squares support vector regression: Robust numerical method for systems of fractional differential equations
Authors: Rahimkhani Parisa , Ordokhani Yadollah , Sabermahani Sedigheh
Published: July 2023

In this study, a new hybrid method is developed to solve linear or nonlinear systems of fractional differential equations using Bernoulli wavelets (Bws) and the least squares support vector regression (LS‐SVR). The numerical methods based on operational matrices for solving various kinds of fractional equations have been widely studied in the last decade. In contrast to the existing methods, here we derive the operator of fractional integration, aiming to remove the approximation error. For this purpose, we present Bw operator of Riemann–Liouville fractional integration and use it in our scheme. In the proposed technique, we approximate the unknown functions via Bws, and then with the help of Bw operator of fractional integration and LS‐SVR, we reduce the problem to an algebraic system. In this way, we simplify the computation of the considered system. The error analysis of our method is proposed. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the present scheme by solving several numerical examples.
Exact numerical solutions and high order nonstandard difference schemes for a second order delay differential equation
Authors: Castro M. Ángeles , Mayorga Carlos J. , Sirvent Antonio , Rodríguez Francisco
Published: July 2023

In this work, we obtain an expression, given in terms of some special functions, for the exact numerical solution of the second order delay differential equation
with general initial condition
for
. Based on this exact solution, we propose a family of nonstandard finite difference methods that combine high order accuracy and efficient computational properties. We also show that the numerical solutions obtained with the new schemes are consistent with asymptotic stability properties of the exact solutions.
Impact of impedance compensation structure in coaxial‐microstrip transition section on near‐field radiation
Authors: Zhang Tianmeng , Gao Jinchun , Wang Wenjia , Wang Ziren , Xu Xiaolong , Xie Jun
Published: July 2023

Coaxial‐microstrip transition sections are extensively used in radio frequency (RF) circuits, providing electrical interconnection and signal transmission. However, an antipad used for impedance compensation in the coaxial‐microstrip transition section leads to signal return path discontinuity and radiation emission. Accordingly, in this current work, the impact of impedance compensation structure on the near‐field radiation in the coaxial‐microstrip transition section was investigated by theoretical analysis and experimental testing. A 3D electromagnetic field model of a circuit board with an anti‐pad was developed to calculate the S‐parameters and radiation electric field. Based on the characteristics of the electric near‐field probe, a transfer function model was also developed to convert the radiation electric field obtained by the electromagnetic field model into the output voltage for better comparison with the test results. In addition, the effect of the rise time of the input signal on near‐electric field radiation was also studied in this work. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results obtained from the transfer function model. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the electromagnetic radiation characteristics caused by the impedance compensation structure and theoretical support for compensation optimization strategy in engineering.
A compact Ka‐band MMIC power amplifier using continuous Class‐B/J mode technique
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Chieh , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo
Published: July 2023

This letter presents a Ka‐band GaAs broadband high efficiency power amplifier (PA). The power amplifier achieves the best trade‐off among gain, output power, power added efficiency (PAE), and fractional bandwidth through nonlinear simulations to select proper device size and bias conditions. The high‐efficiency and broadband performances are achieved by using continuous Class‐B/J mode for fundamental and second harmonics output matching network. The fabricated PA achieves a power gain of 18.8 dB, a 3‐dB bandwidth of 25–30.2 GHz, a saturation power 25.5 dBm, a peak PAE of 30.0%. The chip size is as compact as 1.08 mm2 including all pads.
Time‐dependent diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion modeling of age‐related differences in the medial gastrocnemius and feasibility study of correlations to histopathology
Authors: Malis Vadim , Sinha Usha , Smitaman Edward , Obra Jed Keenan Lim , Langer Henning T. , Mossakowski Agata A. , Baar Keith , Sinha Shantanu
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Implement STEAM‐DTI to model time‐dependent diffusion eigenvalues using the random permeable barrier model (RPBM) to study age‐related differences in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle. Validate diffusion model‐extracted fiber diameter for histological assessment.

Methods

Diffusion imaging at different diffusion times (Δ) was performed on seven young and six senior participants. Time‐dependent diffusion eigenvalues (λ2(t), λ3(t), and D⊥(t); average of λ2(t) and λ3(t)) were fit to the RPBM to extract tissue microstructure parameters. Biopsy of the MG tissue for histological assessment was performed on a subset of participants (four young, six senior).

Results

λ3(t) was significantly higher in the senior cohort for the range of diffusion times. RPBM fits to λ2(t) yielded fiber diameters in agreement to those from histology for both cohorts. The senior cohort had lower values of volume fraction of membranes, ζ, in fits to λ2(t), λ3(t), and D⊥(t) (significant for fit to λ3(t)). Fits of fiber diameter from RPBM to that from histology had the highest correlation for the fit to λ2(t).

Conclusion

The age‐related patterns in λ2(t) and λ3(t) could tentatively be explained from RPBM fits; these patterns may potentially arise from a decrease in fiber asymmetry and an increase in permeability with age.
Solving the discretised neutron diffusion equations using neural networks
Authors: Phillips Toby R.F. , Heaney Claire E. , Chen Boyang , Buchan Andrew G. , Pain Christopher C.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a new approach which uses the tools within artificial intelligence (AI) software libraries as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that have been discretised using standard numerical methods. In particular, we describe how to represent numerical discretisations arising from the finite volume and finite element methods by pre‐determining the weights of convolutional layers within a neural network. As the weights are defined by the discretisation scheme, no training of the network is required and the solutions obtained are identical (accounting for solver tolerances) to those obtained with standard codes often written in Fortran or C++. We also explain how to implement the Jacobi method and a multigrid solver using the functions available in AI libraries. For the latter, we use a U‐Net architecture which is able to represent a sawtooth multigrid method. A benefit of using AI libraries in this way is that one can exploit their built‐in technologies to enable the same code to run on different computer architectures (such as central processing units, graphics processing units or new‐generation AI processors) without any modification. In this article, we apply the proposed approach to eigenvalue problems in reactor physics where neutron transport is described by diffusion theory. For a fuel assembly benchmark, we demonstrate that the solution obtained from our new approach is the same (accounting for solver tolerances) as that obtained from the same discretisation coded in a standard way using Fortran. We then proceed to solve a reactor core benchmark using the new approach. For both benchmarks we give timings for the neural network implementation run on a CPU and a GPU, and a serial Fortran code run on a CPU.
Fast‐food environments and BMI changes in the Dutch adult general population: the Lifelines cohort
Authors: van Erpecum Carel‐Peter L. , van Zon Sander K. R. , Xie Tian , Snieder Harold , Bültmann Ute , Smidt Nynke
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study investigated cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of fast‐food outlet exposure with BMI and BMI change, as well as moderation by age and genetic predisposition.

Methods

This study used Lifelines' baseline (n = 141,973) and 4‐year follow‐up (n = 103,050) data. Participant residential addresses were linked to a register with fast‐food outlet locations (Nationwide Information System of Workplaces [Dutch: Landelijk Informatiesysteem van Arbeidsplaatsen, LISA]) using geocoding, and the number of fast‐food outlets within 1 km was computed. BMI was measured objectively. A weighted BMI genetic risk score was computed, representing overall genetic predisposition toward elevated BMI, based on 941 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms genome‐wide significantly associated with BMI for a subsample with genetic data (BMI: n = 44,996; BMI change: n = 36,684). Multivariable multilevel linear regression analyses and exposure‐moderator interactions were tested.

Results

Participants with ≥1 fast‐food outlet within 1 km had a higher BMI (B [95% CI]: 0.17 [0.09 to 0.25]), and those with ≥2 fast‐food outlets within 1 km increased more in BMI (B [95% CI]: 0.06 [0.02 to 0.09]) than participants with no fast‐food outlets within 1 km. Effect sizes on baseline BMI were largest among young adults (age 18–29 years; B [95% CI]: 0.35 [0.10 to 0.59]) and especially young adults with a medium (B [95% CI]: 0.57 [−0.02 to 1.16]) or high genetic risk score (B [95% CI]: 0.46 [−0.24 to 1.16]).

Conclusions

Fast‐food outlet exposure was identified as a potentially important determinant of BMI and BMI change. Young adults, especially those with a medium or high genetic predisposition, had a higher BMI when exposed to fast‐food outlets.
Experimental assessment on the mechanical, physical, thermal, and chemical properties of halloysite and carbon nanoparticles reinforced epoxy resins for repair applications
Authors: Lai Wei Liang , Sachdeva Nikhil , Tan Yee Vien , Pasbakhsh Pooria , Saeedipour Hamid , Goh Kheng Lim
Published: July 2023

Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are potential nanoparticles that can be incorporated into polymer adhesives to enhance their performance for repairing damaged composite structures. However, the nanoparticle adhesive blends need to be assessed as their performance may be affected by the preparation techniques, nanoparticles types, and mass concentration. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties (specifically tensile and adhesion properties), physical properties (including wetting and rheological characteristics), thermal properties, and chemical properties of two commercially available adhesives, namely Epo‐Tek 301 (consists of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resin, known as DGEBA) and Nano‐Force E100 (consists of bisphenol A/F epichlorohydrin premixed with CNTs). Furthermore, DGEBA adhesive with 1, 3, 5, and 9 wt% HNTs, and DGEBA adhesive with 1 wt% of treated and untreated CNTs were prepared. The findings revealed that there were no appreciable differences in the mechanical, physical, thermal, and chemical properties between the neat DGEBA and DGEBA with 1 wt% HNTs. However, the mechanical and physical properties deteriorated, and the char yield increased after thermal degradation for adhesives containing more than 1 wt% HNTs. On the other hand, no enhancement in all properties was observed for adhesives containing CNTs. Moreover, the adhesives containing CNTs exhibited higher viscosity than Nano‐Force E100, which could hinder resin infiltration for composite repair applications. Therefore, the types of adhesive to be used for repairing impact‐damaged composite structures must be prudently selected.
Comparing efficiencies of polypropylene treatment by atmospheric pressure plasma jets
Authors: Polášková Kateřina , Ozkan Alp , Klíma Miloš , Jeníková Zdenka , Buddhadasa Madhuwanthi , Reniers François , Zajíčková Lenka
Published: July 2023

Plasma treatment of polypropylene (PP) is a well‐established method of improving its surface properties. However, the efficiencies of different plasma discharges are seldom compared. Herein, we discuss the differences in PP treated by three arc‐based commercial plasma jets working in dry air, Plasmatreat rotating plasma jet (PT‐RPJ), AFS PlasmaJet® (AFS‐PJ), and SurfaceTreat gliding arc jet (ST‐GA), and by the low‐temperature RF plasma slit jet (RF‐PSJ) working in argon. The AFS‐PJ has a significantly different reactive species composition dominated by nitrogen oxides. It induced higher thermal loads leading to surface damage. The other arc‐based jets (PT‐RPJ and ST‐GA) created the PP surface with higher oxygen and nitrogen concentration than the low‐temperature RF‐PSJ. It induced a higher adhesion strength measured on PP‐aluminum joints.
Bounds on Species Scale and the Distance Conjecture
Authors: van de Heisteeg Damian , Vafa Cumrun , Wiesner Max
Published: July 2023

The species scale serves as a UV cutoff in the gravitational sector of an EFT and can depend on the moduli of the theory as the spectrum of the theory varies. It is argued that the dependence of the species scale on massless (or light) modes satisfies . This bound is true at all points in moduli space including also its interior. The argument is based on the idea that the short distance contribution of massless modes to gravitational terms in the EFT cannot dramatically affect the black hole entropy. Based on string theory arguments the constant in this bound is expected to be equal to as the boundary of the moduli space is approached. However, it turns out that along trajectories going from interior points to the boundaries of moduli space the slope of the species scale can approach its asymptotic value from above, thereby implying that the constant in the bound must be larger than . The bound on the variation of the species scale also implies that the mass of towers of light modes cannot go to zero faster than exponential in field distance in accordance with the Distance Conjecture.
Union formation of the children of immigrants: Does the ethnic composition of the childhood neighbourhood matter?
Authors: Wachter Gusta G. , Costa Rafael
Published: July 2023

This paper examines whether first union formation behaviour of children of immigrants varies according to the ethnic composition of the neighbourhood in which they grew up. Growing up surrounded by large shares of majority‐group members may influence union formation behaviour of children of immigrants in later life. However, the local residential contexts during childhood have been overlooked in previous studies. Using full‐population data from Dutch registers, we estimate multinomial event‐history models to examine the timing and type of first union (direct marriage or unmarried cohabitation) as a function of the proportion of majority‐group residents in the neighbourhood at age 15. We focus on Turkish, Moroccan, and Surinamese second‐generation individuals born in the Netherlands between 1986 and 1990, follow their union formation into young adulthood and compare it to that of their Dutch peers. We find limited support for the influence of the childhood neighbourhood's ethnic composition on union formation; moreover, this influence seems to vary across origin groups.
Calibration of Low‐Temperature Photoluminescence of Boron‐Doped Silicon with Increased Temperature Precision
Authors: Peh Katharina , Flötotto Aaron , Lauer Kevin , Schulze Dirk , Bratek Dominik , Krischok Stefan
Published: July 2023

Low‐temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy enables the determination of the dopant concentration of shallow impurities in silicon. This measurement method is therefore well suited for identifying and analyzing dopants (intentional impurities in silicon). A method is presented which allows the determination of the boron concentration in silicon in a range from to at temperatures from 4.2 to 20 K with increased temperature accuracy. This method requires only one calibration function for the photoluminescence intensity ratio of the boron‐bound exciton and the free exciton . The measurement temperature is obtained from the intrinsic silicon photoluminescence line of free excitons () using a fitting method, which distinguishes the and components of the free exciton peak. The determined calibration function is . The obtained exciton binding energy to boron, , agrees well with literature data.
Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench reduces body weight gain and modulates mood disorders via inhibition of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) by arzanol
Authors: Borgonetti Vittoria , Caroli Clarissa , Governa Paolo , Virginia Brighenti , Pollastro Federica , Franchini Silvia , Manetti Fabrizio , Les Francisco , López Victor , Pellati Federica , Galeotti Nicoletta
Published: July 2023

The prevalence of obesity is steadily rising, making safe and more efficient anti‐obesity treatments an urgent medical need. Growing evidence correlates obesity and comorbidities, including anxiety and depression, with the development of a low‐grade inflammation in peripheral and central tissues. We hypothesized that attenuating neuroinflammation might reduce weight gain and improve mood. We investigated the efficacy of a methanolic extract from Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench (HSE), well‐known for its anti‐inflammatory properties, and its main constituent arzanol (AZL). HPLC‐ESI‐MS2 and HPLC‐UV were used to characterize the extract. HSE effects on mood and feeding behavior was assessed in mice. The mechanism of action of HSE and AZL was investigated in hippocampus samples and SH‐SY5Y cells by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Oral administration of HSE for 3 weeks limited weight gain with no significant decrease in food intake. HSE produced an anxiolytic‐like and antidepressant‐like phenotype comparable to diazepam and amitriptyline, respectively, in the absence of locomotor and cognitive impairments and induced neuroprotective effects in glutamate‐exposed SH‐SY5Y cells. A dose‐dependent reduction of SIRT1 expression was detected in SH‐SY5Y cells and in hippocampal samples from HSE‐treated mice. The inhibition of the SIRT1‐FoxO1 pathway was induced in the hypothalamus. Molecular docking studies proposed a mechanism of SIRT1 inhibition by AZL, confirmed by the evaluation of inhibitory effects on SIRT1 enzymatic activity. HSE limited weight gain and comorbidities through an AZL‐mediated SIRT1 inhibition. These activities indicate HSE an innovative therapeutic perspective for obesity and associated mood disorders.
NPLC0393 from Gynostemma pentaphyllum ameliorates Alzheimer's disease‐like pathology in mice by targeting protein phosphatase magnesium‐dependent 1A phosphatase
Authors: Lv Jianlu , Shen Xingyi , Shen Xinya , Zhao Shimei , Xu Rui , Yan Qiuying , Lu Jian , Zhu Danyang , Zhao Yonghua , Dong Jiajia , Wang Jiaying , Shen Xu
Published: July 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with clinical hallmarks of progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. Gynostemma pentaphyllum ameliorates cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we determine the effect of triterpene saponin NPLC0393 from G. pentaphyllum on AD‐like pathology in 3×Tg‐AD mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. NPLC0393 was administered daily in vivo by intraperitoneal injection for 3 months and its amelioration on the cognitive impairment in 3×Tg‐AD mice was assessed by new object recognition (NOR), Y‐maze, Morris water maze (MWM), and elevated plus‐maze (EPM) tests. The mechanisms were investigated by RT‐PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry techniques, while verified by the 3×Tg‐AD mice with protein phosphatase magnesium‐dependent 1A (PPM1A) knockdown (KD) through brain‐specific injection of adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐ePHP‐KD‐PPM1A. NPLC0393 ameliorated AD‐like pathology targeting PPM1A. It repressed microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing NLRP3 transcription during priming and promoting PPM1A binding to NLRP3 to disrupt NLRP3 assembly with apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD and pro‐caspase‐1. Moreover, NPLC0393 suppressed tauopathy by inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation through PPM1A/NLRP3/tau axis and promoting microglial phagocytosis of tau oligomers through PPM1A/nuclear factor‐κB/CX3CR1 pathway. PPM1A mediates microglia/neurons crosstalk in AD pathology, whose activation by NPLC0393 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
Increased plasma expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs like 4 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Yunwei , Yang Lingzhi , Li Yan , Bai Jingwen , Feng Panpan , Tang Ping , Xiang Rui , Huang Wei , Li Ailing
Published: July 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) can result in right heart failure. We aimed to evaluate the plasma protein levels of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs like 4 (ADAMTSL4) and its relationship with IPAH and CTEPH. Plasma ADAMTSL4 protein levels were measured using proteomics analysis in eight patients with IPAH and nine healthy controls. ADAMTSL4 levels in pulmonary tissues were assessed using bioinformatics tools. Protein expression of ADAMTSL4 in platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB‐treated primary rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) was detected by Western blot. Plasma ADAMTSL4 concentrations were measured in 45 patients (15 with IPAH and 30 with CTEPH) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation between ADAMTSL4 levels and clinical parameters was evaluated. In patients with IPAH, the plasma levels of ADAMTSL4 protein were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (flod change [FC] 1.85, p < 0.05), and mRNA expression levels were significantly elevated (log FC 0.66, p < 0.05). The protein expression of ADAMTSL4 was significantly increased in PDGF‐BB‐treated PASMCs compared to that in the control grAoup (p < 0.05). Plasma ADAMTSL4 protein levels in patients with IPAH (4.71 ± 0.73 ng/mL, p < 0.01) and CTEPH (4.22 ± 0.66 ng/mL, p < 0.01) were higher than in healthy controls (3.01 ± 0.46 ng/mL). Plasma ADAMATL4 protein levels had a cutoff value of 3.55 ng/mL based on the receiver operator characteristic curve and were positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r = 0.305, p < 0.05). In patients with IPAH and CTEPH, elevated plasma ADAMTSL4 levels were positively associated with mPAP.
Finite/fixed‐time synchronization of nonidentical chaotic delayed neural networks with Markovian jump and uncertainties via sliding mode control
Authors: Xu Zhenyu , Zhu Song , Liu Xiaoyang , Wen Shiping
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the finite/fixed‐time synchronization problem of Markovian jumping delayed chaotic recurrent neural networks with uncertainties by employing sliding mode control method. In order to cope with Markovian jump and parameter uncertainties, sliding model control is used for its strong robustness and insensitivity character to external disturbances and parameter variations. Above all, two simplified sliding mode surfaces are constructed. Following that, matching controllers are constructed to guarantee the finite/fixed‐time reachability of sliding mode surfaces. Additionally, the dynamics of the sliding mode surfaces can be achieved in a finite/fixed‐time. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, some sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the finite/fixed‐time synchronization. Compared with the conclusions of the existing literature, this article generalizes the corresponding results to Markovian jump, parameter uncertainties, and nonidentical systems. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Enhancing supply chain resilience and realizing green sustainable development through the virtual environment of the metaverse
Authors: Chen Ping‐Kuo , Huang Xiang
Published: July 2023

This study explores how the virtual environment of metaverse generates benefits to drive firms' rational choice in mutual trust building, and further ensures the green knowledge sharing intention maintaining for continuous enhancing supply chain resilience and realizing green performance, further promoting environmentally sustainable development. A conceptual framework is formulated by incorporating the natural resource‐based view, knowledge‐based view, and rational choice theory. This framework is supported and validated using PLS‐SEM. The findings of the analysis reveal that the virtual environment of the metaverse can create a sense of physical proximity, effectively managing communication distance and influencing firms' emotional attitude during interactions. Furthermore, the metaverse facilitates sensory feedback, thereby strengthening emotional expression. Based on these observations, supply chain firms are likely to adopt rational thinking and demonstrate rational behavior, making choices that foster mutual trust. As trust is established, it promotes the sharing of green knowledge, strengthens supply chain resilience, facilitates the achievement of environmentally friendly performance in the green supply chain, and contributes to the sustainable development of the environment. This study makes valuable contributions to the existing literature concerning the integration of green supply chain and the metaverse.
One‐pot synthesis of spiropyrrolidine‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoline derivatives via metal‐free post‐Ugi bis‐annulation reactions
Authors: Fallahnezhad Maryam , Ghandi Mehdi , Abbasi Alireza
Published: July 2023

Synthesis of a diastereomeric mixture of new spiropyrrolidine‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoline derivatives by utilizing post‐Ugi reaction is described. The Ugi‐adducts obtained via a four‐component reaction (4CR) of 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes, amines, coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids and isocyanides underwent KOtBu‐promoted intramolecular bis‐annulations followed by coumarin ring opening. This array allowed to assemble spiro‐γ‐lactam‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoline scaffolds in moderate to good yields.
Modulation Strategies for the Preparation of High‐Performance Catalysts for Urea Oxidation Reaction and Their Applications
Authors: Huang Chen‐Jin , Xu Hui‐Min , Shuai Ting‐Yu , Zhan Qi‐Ni , Zhang Zhi‐Jie , Li Gao‐Ren
Published: July 2023

Compared with the traditional electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, urea‐assisted electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen has significant advantages and has received extensive attention from researchers. Unfortunately, urea oxidation reaction (UOR) involves a complex six‐electron transfer process leading to high overpotential, which forces researchers to develop high‐performance UOR catalysts to drive the development of urea‐assisted water splitting. Based on the UOR mechanism and extensive literature research, this review summarizes the strategies for preparing highly efficient UOR catalysts. First, the UOR mechanism is introduced and the characteristics of excellent UOR catalysts are pointed out. Aiming at this, the following modulation strategies are proposed to improve the catalytic performance based on summarizing various literature: 1) Accelerating the active phase formation to reduce initial potential; 2) Creating double active sites to trigger a new UOR mechanism; 3) Accelerating urea adsorption and promoting C─N bond cleavage to ensure the effective conduct of UOR; 4) Promoting the desorption of CO2 to improve stability and prevent catalyst poisoning; 5) Promoting electron transfer to overcome the inherent slow dynamics of UOR; 6) Increasing active sites or active surface area. Then, the application of UOR in electrochemical devices is summarized. Finally, the current deficiencies and future directions are discussed.