bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Four‐Component Access to Spiroindolines.
Authors: El Kaim Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Le Goff Xavier‐Frederic , Menes‐Arzate Martha , Miranda Luis D.
Published: November 2011

A convenient access to spiroindolines (V) is given combining an Ugi multicomponent coupling and a new Cu‐catalyzed spirocyclization at a peptidyl position in one‐pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reaction of Propargyl Alcohol and N‐Sulfonylhydrazone: Synthesis of Dihydropyrazole and Its Utility in the Preparation of 3,3‐Diarylacrylonitrile.
Authors: Zhu Yuanxun , Wen Shan , Yin Guangwei , Hong Deng , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: November 2011

The reaction is catalyzed by BF3·Et2O as a Lewis acid and is effective for terminal and internal propargyl alcohols and aromatic and aliphatic N‐sulfonylhydrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro‐Fused Pyrazolidoylisoxazolines.
Authors: Guggenheim Kathryn G. , Butler Jeffrey D. , Painter Phillip P. , Lorsbach Beth A. , Tantillo Dean J. , Kurth Mark J.
Published: November 2011

A wide range of new title compounds of biological interest is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III) Chloride Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Alkylidene‐Dihydrothiazoles.
Authors: Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Vervaecke Leander P. D. , Stevens Christian V.
Published: November 2011

Starting from cheap substances, previously unknown dithiocarboimidates (IV) are prepared in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrothiochromen‐5‐ones via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Solvent‐Free Domino Protocol.
Authors: Chowdhury Sushobhan , Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Samai Subhasis , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: November 2011

The process generates three new bonds and a stereocenter in one step to produce the important thiochroman skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Catalyst Architecture for Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Its Application to Pyridone Synthesis.
Authors: Hyster Todd K. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: November 2011

Substituted pyridones are synthesized by coupling of acrylamides (I) and various alkynes in the presence of a stoichometric amount of Cu(OAc)2 as oxidant, promoted by RHC.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 3,9‐Diazaspiro[5.5]undecanes via Spirocyclization of Pyridine Substrates.
Authors: Parameswarappa Sharavathi G. , Pigge F. Christopher
Published: November 2011

Formation of the desired spiro products is achieved with in situ activation of ester (II) followed by intermolecular addition of the tethered β‐dicarbonyl.
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Sueki Shunsuke , Takei Ryo , Abe Junya , Shimizu Isao
Published: November 2011

THe three‐component reaction proceeds under mild conditions to produce a variety of 2,6‐unsubstituted dihydropyridines which are of interest in medicinal chemistry and materials science.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Haloquinolines by Friedlaender Reaction of α‐Haloketones.
Authors: Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Naumchik Vasiliy S. , Plaskon Andrey S. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Tolmachev Andrey A.
Published: November 2011

Organosilane‐promoted treatment of anilines of type (I) and (IV) with α‐haloketones allows access to a wide range of 3‐fluoro‐, 3‐chloro‐, and 3‐bromoquinolines of synthetic and biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Diene‐Phosphine Tridentate Ligands for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloisomerization of 1,6‐Enynes.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Maeda Yuko , Hayashi Tamio
Published: November 2011

The reaction is carried out with nitrogen‐bridged 1,6‐enynes to afford the chiral 3‐azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Variety of 2‐Alkyl‐2‐azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane‐1‐carbonitriles via a Dynamic Addition—Intramolecular Substitution Sequence.
Authors: De Blieck Ann , Stevens Christian V.
Published: November 2011

An improved 2‐step approach to key compound (IV) is developed which allows its preparation on a multigram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives for in vivo Imaging of β‐Amyloid Plaques in the Brain.
Authors: Cui Mengchao , Ono Masahiro , Kimura Hiroyuki , Liu Boli , Saji Hideo
Published: November 2011

In a search for new probes to detect β‐amyloid plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer′s disease, the radioiodinated quinoxaline derivative (I) is found to show specific labeling of Aβ plaques.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxo Heterocycles. Part 77. [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers to 3‐Aroylpyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazine‐1,2,4(4H)‐triones.
Authors: Stepanova E. E. , Babenysheva A. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: November 2011

Heating of title compounds (V) and (IX) with vinyl ether (VI) yields representatives of a new class of difficultly accessible fused heterocyclic compounds, the tetracyclic diastereomers (VII), (VIII), (X), and (XI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinylphosphonates and Its First Exploration of Bioactivity.
Authors: Li Sheng‐Nan , Xu Lan‐Ting , Chen Yue , Li Ju‐Lian , He Ling
Published: November 2011

A convenient and effective method for the synthesis of vinylphosphonates (III) (16 examples), which exhibit antitumor activities, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycoside Bond Formation via Acid—Base Catalysis.
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Vipin , Dere Ravindra T. , Schmidt Richard R.
Published: November 2011

PhBF2 is found to be the optimal catalyst to activate the O‐glycosyl trichloroacetamidates in the presence of alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Luciduline: Toward a General Approach to Related Lycopodium Alkaloids.
Authors: Barbe Guillaume , Fiset Dominic , Charette Andre B.
Published: November 2011

Key steps in the total synthesis of (+)‐luciduline (IX) are asymmetric Diels—Alder reaction of 1,2‐dihydropyridine with acrolein and intramolecular metathesis of the alkene (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidant Hispidin Derivatives from Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus hispidus.
Authors: Zan Li‐feng , Qin Jian‐chun , Zhang Ya‐mei , Yao Yan‐hua , Bao Hai‐ying , Li Xiang
Published: November 2011

The two new compounds, named inonotusin A (I) and B (II), are isolated from the fruits of the title plant together with three known compounds, e.g. hispidin.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of a Novel Series of Selective CNS Penetrant CB2 Agonists.
Authors: Watson Christine , et al. et al.
Published: November 2011

The compound (Ia) shows excellent selectivity as CB2 agonist (EC50 2.7 nM) over the CB1 receptor and demonstrates a good central nervous system (CNS) penetration in rat.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Novel Series of Nonacidic Benzofuran EP1 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Sime Mairi , et al. et al.
Published: November 2011

The compound (I) demonstrates efficacy as nonacidic EP1 antagonist in preclinical models of chronic inflammatory pain.
ChemInform Abstract: Pt‐Based Composite Nanoparticles for Magnetic, Catalytic, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Dongguo , Sun Shouheng
Published: November 2011

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble‐Gas Chemistry
Authors: Grochala Wojciech , Khriachtchev Leonid , Rasanen Markku
Published: November 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐based Nanoparticles Generated by Radiolytic and Photolytic Methods
Authors: Abidi W. , Remita H.
Published: November 2011

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclization Reactions Leading to Benzimidazoles
Authors: Mamedov V. A. , Murtazina A. M.
Published: November 2011

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine: Recent Application in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Veisi Hojat
Published: November 2011

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Approach to the Synthesis of Six‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Gasperi Tecla , Punzi Pasqualina , Migliorini Antonella , Tofani Daniela
Published: November 2011

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroxide Radicals: Properties, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Karoui Hakim , Le Moigne Francois , Ouari Olivier , Tordo Paul
Published: November 2011

Review: 482 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Hexacoordinated Phosphate Anions in Asymmetric Analysis, Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Lacour Jerome
Published: November 2011

Review: 126 refs.
Ensuring quality cancer care
Authors: Spinks Tracy , Albright Heidi W. , Feeley Thomas W. , Walters Ron , Burke Thomas W. , Aloia Thomas , Bruera Eduardo , Buzdar Aman , Foxhall Lewis , Hui David , Summers Barbara , Rodriguez Alma , DuBois Raymond , Shine Kenneth I.
Published: November 2011

Responding to growing concerns regarding the safety, quality, and efficacy of cancer care in the United States, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences commissioned a comprehensive review of cancer care delivery in the US health care system in the late 1990s. The National Cancer Policy Board (NCPB), a 20‐member board with broad representation, performed this review. In its review, the NCPB focused on the state of cancer care delivery at that time, its shortcomings, and ways to measure and improve the quality of cancer care. The NCPB described an ideal cancer care system in which patients would have equitable access to coordinated, guideline‐based care and novel therapies throughout the course of their disease. In 1999, the IOM published the results of this review in its influential report, Ensuring Quality Cancer Care. The report outlined 10 recommendations, which, when implemented, would: 1) improve the quality of cancer care, 2) increase the current understanding of quality cancer care, and 3) reduce or eliminate access barriers to quality cancer care. Despite the fervor generated by this report, there are lingering doubts regarding the safety and quality of cancer care in the United States today. Increased awareness of medical errors and barriers to quality care, coupled with escalating health care costs, has prompted national efforts to reform the health care system. These efforts by health care providers and policymakers should bridge the gap between the ideal state described in Ensuring Quality Cancer Care and the current state of cancer care in the United States. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cryptanalysis of an efficient three‐party password‐based key exchange scheme
Authors: Simplicio Marcos A. , Sakuragui Rony R.M.
Published: November 2011

Three‐party password‐authenticated key exchange (3PAKE) protocols allow entities to negotiate a secret session key with the aid of a trusted server with whom they share a human‐memorable password. Recently, Lou and Huang proposed a simple 3PAKE protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography, which is claimed to be secure and to provide superior efficiency when compared with similar‐purpose solutions. In this paper, however, we show that the solution is vulnerable to key‐compromise impersonation and offline password guessing attacks from system insiders or outsiders, which indicates that the empirical approach used to evaluate the scheme's security is flawed. These results highlight the need of employing provable security approaches when designing and analyzing PAKE schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large platelet aggregates in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of the pancreas and peripancreatic region: A clue for the diagnosis of intrapancreatic or accessory spleen
Authors: Conway Andrea B. , Cook Shelly M. , Samad Arbaz , Attam Rajeev , Pambuccian Stefan E.
Published: November 2011

Intrapancreatic and intraabdominal accessory spleens (IPIASs) are rarely encountered in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsies. However, as incidentally discovered IPIAS can mimic a benign or malignant pancreatic neoplasm on imaging studies, a definitive diagnosis made by EUS‐FNA can avert an unnecessary surgical intervention or additional radiologic follow‐up. We report five cases of intrapancreatic splenules and one case of accessory spleen (AS) in which a definitive diagnosis was made on EUS‐FNA. Previously recognized FNA cytomorphologic features of splenic tissue, including ASs and splenosis, are endothelial cells and polymorphous lymphocytes admixed with neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells, histiocytes, and lymphoglandular bodies. We describe the additional finding of abundant large platelet aggregates as another distinguishing feature of splenic tissue on FNA. In all six cases, large platelet aggregates were identified along with polymorphous lymphoid cells, lymphoglandular bodies, loose aggregates of endothelial cells and scattered or aggregated bland spindle cells. A review of 10 consecutive cases of EUS‐FNA‐sampled benign intraabdominal lymph nodes showed that the presence of large platelet aggregates, three‐dimensional aggregates of lymphoid cells and of bland slender spindle cells and the absence of follicular germinal cell components (tingible body macrophages and lymphohistiocytic aggregates) are useful in differentiating IPIASs from reactive lymph nodes. Immunoperoxidase stains were useful to confirm a suspected IPIASs by showing CD31‐positive acellular flocculent material, consistent with large platelet aggregates and a rich CD8‐positive endothelial cell network between CD45‐positive lymphoid cells and CD68‐positive histiocytes in all six cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:661–672. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in the fine needle aspirates of metastatic breast carcinomas
Authors: Monaco Sara E. , Wu Yue , Teot Lisa A. , Cai Guoping
Published: November 2011

The assessment of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) status in the fine needle aspirates of metastatic breast carcinomas has prognostic and therapeutic implications. In this study, expression of ER, PR, and HER2 was assessed by immunohistochemical study in 70 cases of metastatic breast carcinomas and HER2 gene amplification was further evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 38 (54%) cases. Positive expression of ER and PR was seen in 42 (60%) and 16 (23%) cases of metastatic breast carcinomas, respectively. HER2 immunoreactivity was scored as 0/1+ in 39 (56%), 2+ in 10 (14%), and 3+ in 21 (30%) cases. HER2 gene amplification was seen in 20% of HER2 2+ and 64% of HER2 3+ cases. ER, PR, and HER2 status in primary breast cancers were available to comparison in 31 cases (44%). The concordance rates between metastatic and primary breast carcinomas were 81% for ER, 65% for PR and 71% for HER2. Our study demonstrates that ER, PR, and HER2 status can be assessed in the fine needle aspirates of metastatic breast carcinomas and ER has a higher concordance rate between metastatic and primary breast carcinomas than PR and HER2. The addition of HER2 gene amplification FISH test helps in accurate assessment of HER2 status in metastatic breast carcinomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:308–315. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iron(II)‐Mediated Reductive Cleavage of Disulfide and Diselenide Bonds: Iron(III) Complexes of Mixed O,X,O and O,X (X = S, Se) Donor Ligands
Authors: Kanti Paine Tapan , Sheet Debobrata , Weyhermüller Thomas , Chaudhuri Phalguni
Published: November 2011

The syntheses and characterization of a methoxo‐bridged diiron(III) complex, [Fe2LSe2(μ‐OCH3)2(CH3OH)2] (1), and three mononuclear iron(III) complexes Bu4N[FeLSe2] (2), Bu4N[FeLSe′LSe] (3) and Bu4N[FeLS′LS] (4) [H2LSe = 2,2′‐selenobis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol), H2LS = 2,2′‐thiobis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol), H2LSe′ = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxyselenophenol, and H2LS′ = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxythiophenol] are discussed. The single crystal structure of 1·7CH3OH, as determined by XRD, reveals an asymmetric Fe2O2 core in which the two iron and two methoxo oxygen atoms constitute a perfect planar atomic arrangement. Complex 1 exhibits a moderate antiferromagnetic exchange coupling (J = –13.2 cm–1) that operates between the two high spin iron(III) centers (SFe = 2.5) with a resulting St = 0 ground state, while 2 is a six coordinate mononuclear high spin iron(III) complex. The mixed ligand complexes 3 and 4 are formed during the reaction of a tridentate O,X,O ligand (X = S, Se) with iron(II) salts in the presence of either the H2LSe–Se or H2LS–S ligand [H2LSe–Se = 2,2′‐diselenobis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol), and H2LS–S = 2,2′‐dithiobis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol)] in an inert atmosphere, whereby iron(II) is oxidized to iron(III) and the disulfide or diselenide bonds are reductively cleaved. The temperature‐independent magnetic moment values of 3 and 4 indicate that the complexes contain mononuclear high spin iron(III) centers. The crystal structure of 3 confirms that a reductive Se–Se bond cleavage with concomitant formation of a five coordinate trigonal bipyramidal anionic iron(III) complex, [FeLSe′LSe]–, has occurred. It is proposed that the iron(II) ions take part in the electron‐transfer reaction associated with the reductive cleavage of the disulfide and diselenide bonds.
Flavone–Nitrogen Heterocycle Conjugate Formation by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Sousa Regina M. S. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Silva Artur M. S. , Serra Vanda Vaz , Barros Ana I. R. N. A. , Faustino Maria A. F. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S.
Published: November 2011

Azomethine ylides generated in situ from the reaction of N‐[2‐, 3‐ and 4‐(chromon‐2‐yl)phenyl]glycine and paraformaldehyde can be trapped with dipolarophiles in 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions to yield flavone–nitrogen heterocycle dyads. These azomethine ylides proved to be reactive with electron‐poor dipolarophiles, affording the expected adducts. The use of microwave irradiation as an alternative source of heating has significant advantages and allows a reduction of both reaction time and temperature. The use of benzaldehydes as dipolarophiles afforded flavone–oxazolidine dyads, and the results indicate that electron‐withdrawing groups in the para position of the benzaldehyde increases the dipolarophile reactivity. This work was also extended to the use of meso‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin as a dipolarophile, allowing new flavone–dihydroporphyrin conjugates to be prepared.
Selective Determination of p‐Nitrophenol Based on Its Unique Voltammetric Behavior on Nanoporous Gold
Authors: Liu Zhaona , Zhang Huacheng , Ma Houyi , Hou Shifeng
Published: November 2011

In this paper, an unsupported nanoporous gold (us‐NPG) was applied as a novel electrochemical sensor material for the selective detection of p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) among its isomers in acid solution based on the distinct cyclic voltammetric behavior. To ascertain the ascription of each peak in cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of three nitrophenol isomers (NPs) on the us‐NPG, contrast voltammetric studies of NPs were conducted at an ultrathin NPG film supported on glassy carbon substrate (NPG/GC) and a well‐defined Au(111) electrode, respectively. Effects of potential scan rate and rotation speed of the electrode on the redox reaction of NPs were investigated to further confirm the reaction mechanisms. Interestingly, unlike those obtained on NPG/GC and Au(111) electrodes, the CVs of both o‐nitrophenol (o‐NP) and m‐nitrophenol (m‐NP) on us‐NPG presented a new pair of redox waves separated very well from the redox waves of p‐NP, indicating an obviously different mechanism involved in the redox process. Based on the voltammetric behavior, trace level determination of p‐NP can be achieved on us‐NPG electrode in the presence of o‐NP and m‐NP. Thus, the fast electron transfer, high selectivity and good sensitivity make us‐NPG act as an ideal electrochemical sensor material in the selective determination of p‐NP in aqueous solutions.
Methods for Estimation of Generalized Diffusion Parameter at Membrane–Solution Interface
Authors: Egorov Vladimir V. , Zdrachek Elena A. , Nazarov Valentine A.
Published: November 2011

Two methods for direct experimental estimation of the generalized diffusion parameter q which is equal to the ratio of the diffusion coefficients in membrane and aqueous phase multiplied by the reversed ratio of the corresponding diffusion layer thicknesses have been described. The first method is based on the peculiarities of pH response of ion‐selective electrodes reversible to sufficiently lipophilic amine cations and the second one is based on the comparison of data obtained by separate solution and modified separate solution techniques used for selectivity coefficients determination. The values of the q parameter calculated by both methods conform to each other.
Semipreparative enantioseparation of methamidophos by HPLC-UV and preliminary in vitro study of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition
Authors: Emerick Guilherme L. , Oliveira Regina V. , Belaz Kátia Roberta A. , Gonçalves Monique , DeOliveira Georgino H.
Published: November 2011

Many chiral pesticides are introduced into the environment as racemates, although their pesticidal activity is usually the result of preferential reactivity of only one enantiomer, while the other enantiomer may have toxic effects against nontarget organisms. Methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate), a chiral compound, is an insecticide widely used in agriculture in both developed and developing countries. However, this pesticide has a high toxicity not only to targeted insects but also to human and animals. In the present study, the enantiomers of methamidophos were enantiomerically separated by a semipreparative chiral liquid chromatography at the multimilligram scale on a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase and a preliminary evaluation of their in vitro inhibition of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) of hens was performed. In the present study, our first effort was to resolve the racemic mixture of methamidophos and to that end reversed-phase, normal-phase, and polar organic elution conditions were investigated in four different polysaccharide-based chiral phases. The best performance was achieved on a cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) phase under normal phase. This chromatographic condition allowed the separation of 225 mg of methamidophos enantiomers with a high degree of chiral purity (>98%) in a short analysis time. Significant differences were found between the concentration that causes 50% of enzyme inhibition (IC50) of the three isoforms of methamidophos. (−)-Methamidophos showed an IC50 approximately three times larger than the (+)-enantiomer for plasma BChE of hens. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:239–245. © 2011 SETAC
RNA‐directed epigenomic reprogramming—an emerging principle of a more targeted cancer therapy?
Authors: Moskalev Evgeny A. , Schubert Mario , Hoheisel Jörg D.
Published: November 2011

Epigenetic aberrations are recognized as an early and common event during carcinogenesis. This provides a strong rationale for a therapeutic intervention at the epigenetic level. Current epigenetically active drugs, however, lack specificity for particular genomic loci. Better processes for a more targeted manipulation of the cancer epigenome are needed. One option could be the ability of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to recruit the chromatin modification complexes to particular genomic loci. In consequence, epigenetic variations would not be stochastic but controlled by a directed programme, through which specific groups of genes are regulated by promoter methylation and(or) histone marks, even if located on different chromosomes. lncRNAs are known to be functionally involved in cell fate specification and carcinogenesis. Depleting lncRNAs with oncogenic potential or replacing scarce molecules with tumor suppressor activity could therefore be employed for a specific reprogramming of the epigenome of cancer cells. Apart from the targeted manner and thus specificity, the mode of action by itself could be an advantage of lncRNA‐associated therapy. Similar to what happens naturally during cell fate decisions, the whole developmental programme of a cell or particular parts of it could be reset. In consideration of the early onset of epigenetic aberrations, such an approach could even be useful for cancer prevention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determining the extent of lateral neck dissection necessary to establish regional disease control and avoid reoperation after previous total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine for papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wu Gaosong , Fraser Shannon , Pai Sara I. , Farrag Tarik Y. , Ladenson Paul W. , Tufano Ralph P.
Published: November 2011

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients who underwent lateral neck dissection for fine‐needle aspiration (FNA)‐confirmed disease after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) to determine the appropriate extent of resection necessary to avoid reoperation.

Methods

This study was conducted with a retrospective review of medical charts of 100 consecutive patients.

Results

Seventy‐seven percent of initial lateral neck dissection specimens and 64% of reoperative lateral neck dissection specimens had more than 1 nodal level of involvement. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of preoperative ultrasound to determine whether a specific nodal level was involved were: level 2: 54% and 66.2%; level 3: 47% and 49.4%; level 4: 60% and 55.4%; and level 5: 42% and 88.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing lateral neck dissection after previous total thyroidectomy and RAI tend to have multiple involved nodes within multiple neck levels. Preoperative ultrasound is not sensitive enough to account for all of these involved nodes, therefore, a compartmental lateral neck dissection is recommended to minimize the risk of persistence and reoperation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Local delivery of antimicrobial peptides using self‐organized TiO2 nanotube arrays for peri‐implant infections
Authors: Ma Menghan , Kazemzadeh‐Narbat Mehdi , Hui Yu , Lu Shanshan , Ding Chuanfan , Chen David D. Y. , Hancock Robert E. W. , Wang Rizhi
Published: November 2011

Peri‐implant infections have been reported as one of the major complications that lead to the failure of orthopedic implants. An ideal solution to the peri‐implant infection is to locally deliver antimicrobial agents through the implant surface. The rising problem of infections caused by multiple antibiotic‐resistant bacteria makes traditional antibiotics less desirable for the prevention of peri‐implant infections. One of the promising alternatives is the family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this study, we report the local delivery of AMPs through the nanotubular structure processed on titanium surface. Self‐organized and vertically oriented TiO2 nanotubes, about 80 nm in diameter and 7 μm thick, were prepared by the anodization technique. HHC‐36 (KRWWKWWRR), one of the most potent broad‐spectrum AMPs, was loaded onto the TiO2 nanotubes via a simple vacuum‐assisted physical adsorption method. Antimicrobial activity testing against Gram‐positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrated that this AMP‐loaded nanotubular surface could effectively kill the bacteria (˜99.9% killing) and reduce the total bacterial number adhered to the surface after 4 h of culture. In vitro AMP elution from the nanotubes was investigated using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). The release profiles strongly depended on the crystallinity of the TiO2 nanotubes. Anatase TiO2 nanotubes released significantly higher amounts of AMP than amorphous nanotubes during the initial burst release stage. Both followed almost the same slow release profile from 4 h up to 7 days. Despite the differences in release kinetics, no significant difference was observed between these two groups in bactericidal efficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
In vitro and in vivo evaluations on osteogenesis and biodegradability of a β‐tricalcium phosphate coated magnesium alloy
Authors: Chai Hongwei , Guo Lei , Wang Xiantao , Gao Xiaoyu , Liu Kui , Fu Yuping , Guan Junlin , Tan Lili , Yang Ke
Published: November 2011

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been demonstrated to be potential orthopedic implants due to their biodegradability in vivo. To enhance its corrosion resistance and improve its osteogenesis, β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) was coated on a Mg alloy (Mg‐3AI‐1Zn) by phosphating process. In vitro, the human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS‐2) showed significantly good adherence and proliferation on the surface of the β‐TCP coated Mg alloy after 24‐h incubation. The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) was highly expressed in SaOS‐2 cultured with the β‐TCP coated Mg alloy by Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). In vivo, the newborn bone at the implant/bone interface was formed at week 1 and matured at week 4 postimplantation. Villous tissue was found at the implant/bone interface at week 12 postimplantation. The contents of phosphorus and calcium on the surface of the β‐TCP coated Mg alloy were decreased at week 4 and week 12 postimplantation, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of the experiment results demonstrated that the β‐TCP coated Mg alloy implants provided a high BMP‐2 expression during the first 4 weeks postimplantation. Compared with the naked Mg alloy which was degraded for 33% in vivo, only 17% of the β‐TCP coated Mg alloy was degraded at week 12 postimplantation (p < 0.05). The in vitro cell tests showed that the β‐TCP coating provided the Mg alloy with a significantly better surface cytocompatibility, and in vivo results also confirmed that the β‐TCP coating exhibited greatly improved osteoconductivity and osteogenesis in the early 12 weeks postoperation period. Moreover, in vivo experiment demonstrated that the β‐TCP coating layer could slow down the degradation of the naked Mg alloy at the early stage of implantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Osteoderm histology of the Pampatheriidae (Cingulata, Xenarthra, Mammalia): Implications for systematics, osteoderm growth, and biomechanical adaptation
Authors: Wolf Dominik , Kalthoff Daniela C. , Sander P. Martin
Published: November 2011

Pampatheres are extinct, large‐bodied cingulates, which share morphological characters with both armadillos and glyptodonts but are considered to be more closely related to the latter. The osteoderm histology of six pampathere taxa was examined and compared to the histology of other cingulate osteoderms. This study investigates the development and functional adaptation of pampathere osteoderms as well as the phylogenetic relationships of the Pampatheriidae within the Cingulata. We found that pampathere osteoderms share a uniform histological organization based on a basic diploe‐like structure. After initial stages of intramembranous growth, metaplastic ossification, that is, the direct incorporation and mineralization of pre‐existing protein fibers, plays an important role in osteoderm development and provides information on various kinds of soft tissue otherwise not preserved. The latest stages of osteoderm growth are dominated by periosteal bone formation especially in the superficial cortex. Movable band osteoderms show regular arrangements of incorporated fibers that may increase the resistance of particularly weak areas against strain. The histological composition of pampathere osteoderms is plesiomorphic in its basic structure but shows a number of derived features. A unique array of Sharpey's fibers that are incorporated into the bone matrix at sutured osteoderm margins is interpreted as a synapomorphy of pampatheres. The arrangement of dermal fibers in the deep and superficial cortexes supports the close relationship between pampatheres and glyptodonts. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduction of molybdate to molybdenum blue by Klebsiella sp. strain hkeem
Authors: Lim H. K. , Syed M. A. , Shukor M. Y.
Published: November 2011

A novel molybdate‐reducing bacterium, tentatively identified as Klebsiella sp. strain hkeem and based on partial 16s rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, has been isolated. Strain hkeem produced 3 times more molybdenum blue than Serratia sp. strain Dr.Y8; the most potent Mo‐reducing bacterium isolated to date. Molybdate was optimally reduced to molybdenum blue using 4.5 mM phosphate, 80 mM molybdate and using 1% (w/v) fructose as a carbon source. Molybdate reduction was optimum at 30 °C and at pH 7.3. The molybdenum blue produced from cellular reduction exhibited absorption spectrum with a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm. Inhibitors of electron transport system such as antimycin A, rotenone, sodium azide, and potassium cyanide did not inhibit the molybdenum‐reducing enzyme. Mercury, silver, and copper at 1 ppm inhibited molybdenum blue formation in whole cells of strain hkeem. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of inhibitory efficacy of short interfering RNAs targeting different genes on Measles virus replication
Authors: Shi Junyan , Wang Meilian , Wang Jian , Wang Si , Luo Enjie
Published: November 2011

RNA interference (RNAi)‐based short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the viral genes and the host cellular genes have been used to suppress Measles virus (MV) replication in vitro. In order to select suitable target genes and highly effective target sites for developing effective RNAi‐mediated anti‐MV therapy, in this study, nine short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors, which expressed siRNAs targeting the host celluar Rab9 GTPase gene, the viral large protein (L) gene and nucleoprotein (N) gene, respectively, were constructed and used to compare their ability to inhibit MV replication in Vero‐E6 cells. The results showed that nine siRNAs targeting different genes exhibited different inhibitory efficacy on MV replication in vitro (about 23–94%), which could last at least 168 h post‐infection. Of the nine siRNAs, R2, L1 and N2 more effectively decreased MV replication by over 90%. Furthermore, inhibitory efficacy on MV replication were increased and reached almost 100% when cells were transfected with pR2, pL1 and pN2 together. These results emphasis the importance of selecting suitable siRNA target sites for developing siRNAs‐based drug therapy for MV, and demonstrate the potential of combination of siRNAs targeting different genes as a therapeutic approach to treat MV infection. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cloning and characterization of a phosphate transporter gene in Dunaliella salina
Authors: Li Shao‐He , Xia Bing‐Bing , Zhang Chi , Cao Jiao , Bai Lin‐Han
Published: November 2011

The full‐length cDNA of a Na+‐dependent Pi transport gene (DsSPT1) in Dunaliella salina was cloned by 3′ and 5′ Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE), with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 716 predicted amino acids, which exhibited 60.5% identity to that of Na+‐dependent Pi transport 1 (DvSPT1) from Dunaliella viridis. Hydrophobicity and secondary structure prediction revealed 11 conserved transmembrane domains similar to those found in DvSPT1 from D. viridis and PHO89 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The result of real‐time quantitative PCR showed that expression level of DsSPT1 was enhanced at first and reached its peak at 90 min after salt stress; however, D. salina cells rapidly absorbed extracellular inorganic phosphorus which was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS) during the first 5 min under salt stress. It suggested that D. salina on the absorption of inorganic phosphorus was regulated at DsSPTI posttranslational level. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A product formula for semigroups of Lipschitz operators associated with abstract quasilinear evolution equations
Authors: Tanaka Naoki
Published: November 2011

The notion of semigroups of Lipschitz operators associated with abstract quasilinear evolution equations is introduced and a product formula for such semigroups is established. The product formula obtained in the paper is applied to the solvability of the Cauchy problem for a first order quasilinear system through a finite difference scheme of the Lax‐Friedrichs type.
The challenge of urban policy
Authors: Glaeser Edward L.
Published: November 2011

Urbanization almost invariably accompanies development, and the cities of India and China are experiencing spectacular increases in population. The concentration of millions of people in a small mass creates challenges for public policy, especially in the areas of basic infrastructure, public health, traffic congestion, and often law enforcement as well. In this essay, I discuss five core debates in urban policy, including the optimal degree of federalism, private versus public provision of urban services, optimal land use regulation, appropriate spatial policies, and the use of engineering and economics approaches to reducing the negative consequences of density. None of these debates are close to being resolved, but researchers have managed to generate a number of useful insights in these areas. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Study on mechanical and thermal properties of composites of cis‐ and trans‐polyisoprene blends filled with polyaniline
Authors: Baboo Mahesh , Sharma Kananbala , Saxena N.S.
Published: November 2011

In this study, the effect of polyaniline (PANI) as filler has been investigated on the mechanical and thermal properties of blends of cis‐polyisoprene (CPI) and trans‐polyisoprene (TPI) by dynamic mechanical analyzer and transient plane source technique, respectively. The samples blend composites with different concentration of PANI have been prepared by solution casting method and characterized through X‐ray diffraction. Experimental results from mechanical and thermal measurements show that incorporation of PANI in CPI/TPI blends increases glass transition temperature, mechanical properties and thermal properties whereas decreases damping property. This increase in different properties is only upto a certain amount of PANI and over this amount an entirely apposite behavior is observed. This observed behavior of mechanical and thermal properties is explained on the basis of crystallinity and crosslink density. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polarisation analysis of luminescence for the characterisation of defects in silicon wafer solar cells
Authors: Peloso Matthew P. , Lew Jen Sern , Chaturvedi Pooja , Hoex Bram , Aberle Armin G.
Published: November 2011

Photoluminescence and electroluminescence imaging has progressed significantly in recent years and is now routinely used to extract spatially resolved characteristics of silicon wafer solar cells and other electronic devices. In this paper, we report on the expansion of the luminescence imaging technique by the application of spatially resolved polarisation analysis. Luminescence imaging of silicon wafer solar cells is extended to yield the partial polarisation of luminescence. It is hypothesised, and then shown experimentally, that certain defects in silicon wafer solar cells generate strongly polarised electroluminescence. In particular, extended crystalline defects in silicon wafers are shown to exhibit a partial polarisation of electroluminescence as high as 60%. The linear polarisation is found to be oriented to the dislocations in the multicrystalline silicon wafer solar cells. The luminescence polarisation effect is discussed in relation to internal charge anisotropy of defects in silicon wafer solar cells. These results may be used to advance the characterisation of solar cells, to understand the electrical properties of defects in silicon wafer solar cells, to study the formation of defects during crystal growth, or to probe the Bloch band anisotropy at regions of a high dislocation density. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ein Plasmonenlineal vermisst Proteine
Authors: Giessen Harald
Published: November 2011

Die Faltung von Proteinen ist einer der Schlüsselmechanismen zum Verständnis des Lebens. Seit Jahrzehnten versuchen Wissenschaftler, Struktur und Faltungsdynamik dieser Makromoleküle aufzuklären (Phys. Unserer Zeit 2006, 37 (2), 73; 2004, 35 (6), 274). Einer internationalen Forschergruppe mit Beteiligung der Universität Stuttgart ist es kürzlich gelungen, ein “Nanolineal” herzustellen, das hierbei wertvolle Dienste leisten kann.
Die Gesetze der Wärmestrahlung
Authors: Jacobi Manfred
Published: November 2011

Im Jahr 1911 erhielt der deutsche Physiker Wilhelm Carl Wien (1864–1928) den Nobelpreis für seine Entdeckungen bezüglich der Gesetze der Wärmestrahlung.
The solution structure of the S4–S5 linker of the hERG potassium channel
Authors: Gayen Shovanlal , Li Qingxin , Kang CongBao
Published: November 2011

The human ether‐à‐go‐go related gene (hERG) encodes a protein that forms a voltage‐gated potassium channel and plays an important role in the heart by controlling the rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr). The S4–S5 linker was shown to be important for the gating of the hERG channel. Nuclear magnetic resonance study showed that a peptide derived from the S4–S5 linker had no well‐ordered structure in aqueous solution and adopted a 310‐helix (E544‐Y545‐G546) structure in detergent micelles. The existence of an amphipathic helix was confirmed, which may be important for interaction with cell membrane. Close contact between side chains of residues R541 and E544 was observed, which may be important for its regulation of channel gating. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Likelihood‐based concordance tests for analysis of ascertained twin pair multinomial data
Authors: Huang Jason Kunming , Liu Alyssa Yanzhen , Tai John Jen
Published: November 2011

The classic twin model design has a wide application in human genetics. Under the assumption that nongenetic effects are shared to the same degree by monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, a test of the equality of casewise concordances between MZ and DZ twins provides a clue to the influence of genetic and environmental factors on a disease. The casewise concordance is the conditional probability that given that one member of a twin pair is affected, the other is also affected. When disease prevalence is low or cost‐effectiveness is considered, collection of twin pairs by ascertainment for performing casewise concordance analysis is required. In this article, by defining an overall casewise concordance parameter, several likelihood‐based tests, such as likelihood ratio test LR, score test Score, the usual Wald test Wald and an alternative Wald test WaldA are investigated for a test of the equality of concordances between ascertained MZ and DZ twin pairs under multinomial models. Simulation studies were conducted for data with small sample sizes. The results show that the type I error rates and power of LR and Score are stable only when the overall casewise concordances are not extremely small or large. The Wald has higher power performance in most cases but would slightly inflate type I error rates; the WaldA is the most robust and recommended approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch Signaling Is Necessary to Maintain Quiescence in Adult Muscle Stem Cells
Authors: Bjornson Christopher R.R. , Cheung Tom H. , Liu Ling , Tripathi Pinky V. , Steeper Katherine M. , Rando Thomas A.
Published: November 2011

Satellite cells (SCs) are myogenic stem cells found in skeletal muscle that function to repair tissue damaged by injury or disease. SCs are quiescent at rest, although the signaling pathways required to maintain quiescence are unknown. Using a transgenic Notch reporter mouse and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of Notch target genes, we determined that Notch signaling is active in quiescent SCs. SC-specific deletion of recombining binding protein-Jκ (RBP-Jκ), a nuclear factor required for Notch signaling, resulted in the depletion of the SC pool and muscles that lacked any ability to regenerate in response to injury. SC depletion was not due to apoptosis. Rather, RBP-Jκ-deficient SCs spontaneously activate, fail to self-renew, and undergo terminal differentiation. Intriguingly, most of the cells differentiate without first dividing. They then fuse with adjacent myofibers, leading to the gradual disappearance of SCs from the muscle. These results demonstrate the requirement of Notch signaling for the maintenance of the quiescent state and for muscle stem cell homeostasis by the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation, processes that are all critical for normal postnatal myogenesis.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Blood values of adult captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) fed either supplemented beef or whole rabbit carcasses
Authors: Depauw Sarah , Hesta M. , Whitehouse‐Tedd K. , Stagegaard J. , Buyse J. , Janssens G. P. J.
Published: November 2011

This study evaluated nutrient intake and relevant blood parameters of 14 captive cheetahs, randomly assigned to a meat‐only diet (supplemented beef, SB) or a whole prey diet (whole rabbit, WR) for 4 weeks each. Despite a higher food intake, daily metabolizable energy intake was lower when fed WR (308 kJ BW−1) compared with SB (347 kJ BW−1) (P =0.002). The ratio of protein to fat was markedly lower for WR (2.3:1) compared with SB (8.8:1), which was reflected in higher serum urea levels when fed SB (P= 0.033), and a tendency for elevated cholesterol levels when fed WR (P= 0.055). Taurine intake of cheetahs fed WR was low (0.06% on DM basis); however, analytical error during taurine analysis cannot be ruled out. Feeding WR resulted in a well‐balanced mineral intake, in contrast to SB. The latter provided a low calcium:phosphorus ratio (1:2.3), thereby increasing the risk of metabolic bone disease. The high zinc content of SB (200 mg/kg DM), compared with WR (94 mg/kg DM), was reflected in higher serum zinc concentrations (P= 0.011). Feeding WR resulted in an increase in serum vitamin A (P= 0.011). Therefore, the risk of hypervitaminosis A in captive cheetahs when fed WR exclusively on a long‐term basis should be evaluated. Our findings suggest that neither diet is likely to provide appropriate nutrition to captive cheetahs when fed exclusively. Zoo Biol 31:629‐641, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.