bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents measured with an intraocular telemetry sensor
Authors: Mansouri Kaweh , Rao Harsha Laxmana , Weinreb Robert N
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and their fixed combinations on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma implanted with an ocular telemetry sensor.

Methods

22 patients who had previously been implanted with a sulcus-based IOP sensor (eyemate) were included in this prospective clinical trial. Three classes of medications were analysed: beta-blockers (BB), fixed combination of BB and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (BB-CAI), and combinations of BB and prostaglandin analogues (BB-PGAs). SD and IQR of IOP were calculated and used as surrogates of nyctohemeral IOP variation.

Results

The mean (±SD) age of patients was 67.8±6.8 years (36.4% female). A total of 50 920 IOP measurements over 4084 days from 10 eyes were included. The mean 24-hour IOP (±SE) with BB-PGA (17.3±1.1 mm Hg) was significantly (p<0.001) less than that with BB (18.8±1.1 mm Hg). Mean 24-hour IOP with BB-CAI (18.4±1.1 mm Hg) was similar (p>0.05) to that with the other two medications. Mean 24-hour SD of IOP with BB-PGA (1.9±0 .2 mm Hg) and BB-CAI (2.0±0.2 mm Hg) were significantly (p<0.05) less than that with BB (2.4±0.2 mm Hg). Mean 24-hour IQR of IOP with BB-PGA (2.3±0.4 mm Hg) was significantly less than that with both BB (3.8±0.4 mm Hg) and BB-CAI (3.2±0.4 mm Hg).

Conclusion

Continual IOP monitoring shows that combinations of BB-PGAs have more pronounced effects on lowering 24-hour IOP fluctuations than BB-CAIs and BBs alone.

Trial registration number

NCT03651336.
Pregnant women are often not listened to, but pathologising pregnancy isn’t the solution
Authors: Partridge Brad , Knox Taryn Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Smajdor and Rasanen (2024) argue that pregnant women are routinely denied appropriate treatment because pregnancy is seen as normal, and so they are denied ‘patient status’. They claim that formally classifying pregnancy as a disease may lead to better treatment for pregnant women. In this response, we argue that pathologising pregnancy and classifying all pregnant women as ‘diseased patients’ won’t reconfigure care in ways that benefit all women. Rather, it will likely only embolden the view that clinicians are entitled to exercise jurisdiction over pregnant women and beget the increased use of medical intervention where it is not necessarily needed.
Earlier preoperative percutaneous intercostal cryoanalgesia improves recovery after pectus excavatum surgery
Authors: Mariconti Stefano , Bronco Alfio , Pellicioli Isabella , Chiudinelli Lorenzo , Cattaneo Martina , Cheli Maurizio , Bonanomi Ezio
Published: November 2024

Background and aims

Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum is associated with intense postoperative pain. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous intercostal cryoanalgesia according to the different timing of its preoperative application. Outcome variables included pain, drug consumption, time to mobilization, and hospital length of stay.

Methods

Retrospective data analyzed from a single pediatric institution, involving a series of consecutive patients who underwent pectus surgery. Group 1: 18 patients received thoracic epidural analgesia. Group 2: 11 patients underwent cryoanalgesia on the same day of surgery and epidural analgesia as a bridge to cryoanalgesia onset. Group 3: 13 patients underwent earlier preoperative intercostal cryoanalgesia with a median of 6 days (IQR 3–6) before surgery. All groups received rescue systemic analgesia.

Results

Pain scores were similar among groups. The incidence of severe pain decreased in Group 3 versus Group 1 (38% vs 78%) (p<0.05). Ropivacaine epidural cumulative dose (mg/kg) decreased in Group 2 versus Group 1: 16 (IQR 12–23) versus 27 (IQR 22–35) (p<0.01). Cumulative oral morphine equivalent dose (mg/kg) decreased among groups: 12 (IQR 9.3–17), 8 (IQR 4.2–12), and 0.2 (IQR 0.0–0.3) (p<0.001) for Groups 1–3, respectively. Length of stay (days) also decreased among Groups 1–3, respectively: 7 (IQR 6–7), 6 (IQR 5–7), and 4 (IQR 4–5) (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This exploratory observational study suggests that the timing of cryoanalgesia may play a crucial role in its efficacy, with earlier placement being associated with improvements in pain, opioid utilization, and length of stay.
Topology and embeddedness of Lawson’s bipolar surfaces in the five-sphere
Authors: Mäder-Baumdicker Elena , Rothe Melanie
Published: November 2024

In his seminal paper from 1970 [Complete minimal surfaces in [Formula: see text], Ann. Math. 92 (1970) 335–374], Lawson provided a construction of minimal surfaces with higher codimension in spheres. By the wedge product of any conformally parametrized minimal surface in the three-sphere and its Gauss map, he obtained a corresponding minimal surface in the five-sphere (contained in a three- or four-sphere in very few cases). The resulting minimal surface is called bipolar surface. We give a topological classification of Lawson’s bipolar minimal surfaces in the five-sphere for two of his families of minimal surfaces in the three-sphere, the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-family. Therefrom, we deduce upper as well as lower bounds on the area of these surfaces and find that they are not embedded. Our proof is based on transporting the group structure of the original minimal surface arising by their definition via Schwarz reflections to the bipolar surface. We then study multiplicities of tangent planes of the bipolar surfaces at points corresponding to points in the initial minimal surface at certain vertices of their geodesic polygons.
Important node identification for complex networks based on improved Electre multi-attribute fusion
Authors: Cao Qi , Song Yurong , Li Ruqi , Qu Hongbo , Jiang Guo-Ping
Published: November 2024

Identifying important nodes is a long-standing topic of discussion in the field of complex networks. Most current methods focus on either local or global attributes of nodes, or a simple combination of both. However, in real-world networks, the influence of local and global attributes on nodes varies significantly. Therefore, determining how to accurately assess the weights of different attributes for different networks to enhance the identification of important nodes remains an urgent challenge. In this paper, we propose a multi-attribute decision fusion method named SK-E. This method constructs both local and global metrics for diverse networks and employs an improved Electre approach to fuse these metrics. By determining the optimal weight between local and global metrics, SK-E effectively identifies important nodes in network datasets with varying topological structures. Evaluated using four indices (SIR epidemic model, independent cascade model, Kendall coefficient and constraint efficiency) across nine real networks, the proposed method exhibits superior accuracy compared to existing methods.
Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation of Dirac equation in the context of conformable fractional derivative
Authors: Haouam Ilyas
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate the non-relativistic limit of the Dirac equation for relativistic spin-1/2 particles within the framework of the conformable fractional derivative (CFD) using the Foldy–Wouthuysen (FW) transformation. This approach leads to the derivation of a conformable fractional Schrödinger–Pauli equation. We propose and employ a conformable fractional version of the FW transformation, thoroughly examining its efficacy and behavior in the non-relativistic limit. Additionally, based on perturbation theory, we compute the energy shifts within the context of CFD and derive a conformable fractional fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum.
Cable knots obtained from torus knots by twisting two strands
Authors: Lee Sangyop
Published: November 2024

Consider the knots obtained from torus knots by adding a negative full twist along two adjacent strands. Among these knots, we determine which are cable knots or torus knots.
Peeling away surface neutrons from 209Bi in asymmetric collisions
Authors: Svetlichnyi Aleksandr , Savenkov Savva , Nepeivoda Roman , Pshenichnov Igor
Published: November 2024

The emission of spectator neutrons and protons in ultracentral collisions of Bi with the same (Bi) or lighter (W, Cu) target nuclei has been simulated using the Abrasion-Ablation Monte Carlo for Colliders model with MST clustering (AAMCC-MST). It was shown that the detection of forward neutrons and protons in such collisions allows the analysis of the [Formula: see text] ratio at the nuclear periphery. The cross-sections to produce a given number of spectator neutrons [Formula: see text], the average number of spectator neutrons [Formula: see text] and protons [Formula: see text] in ultracentral collisions were calculated with and without consideration of the neutron skin in Bi. The ratio [Formula: see text] was found to be particularly sensitive to the presence of neutron skin in Bi–W collisions, providing a potential probe of the enrichment of the nuclear surface by neutrons. However, this sensitivity disappears in Bi–Cu collisions due to the involvement of inner nuclear layers to the spectator emission.
TOWARD HYBRID DEEP LEARNING-BASED THREAT DETECTION WITH BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR SECURE IOT-BASED CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
Authors: DUHAYYIM MESFER AL
Published: November 2024

Consumer electronics is a device designed to meet the everyday needs of individuals, including home appliances, smartphones, and laptops. The Internet of Things (IoT) environment is witnessing tremendous growth, driven by the simultaneous increase and continuous cyber-attack innovation. The imperative to fortify IoT devices against emerging threats became more prevalent as these threats became increasingly complex. In this context, threats include malware attacks, unauthorized access, and data breaches. Securing these devices requires robust encryption, regular software updates, and vigilant monitoring to protect sensitive information and ensure user safety. Threat detection using deep learning (DL) includes leveraging cutting-edge neural network models to detect and alleviate security threats within digital environments. DL, a branch of machine learning (ML), excels in processing abundant data to detect anomalies and patterns that might indicate possible threats. This technique improves classical threat detection techniques by reducing false positives and enhancing accuracy. By continuously analyzing data from various sources, such as network traffic and user behavior, DL techniques can quickly recognize and respond to emerging vulnerabilities, providing a proactive and adaptive security solution essential for protecting consumer electronics and IoT devices. This study develops a new Hybrid DL-based Threat Detection with Blockchain Technology (HDLTD-BCT) technique for secure IoT-based consumer electronics. The presented HDLTD-BCT technique can improve security among consumer electronics in the IoT environment. For this purpose, the HDLTD-BCT technique initially applies BC technology to monitor data flow in the IoT platform. The HDLTD-BCT technique scales the input data for threat detection using a min–max scalar. Besides, the detection process is performed by HDL, comprising a stacked LSTM-based denoising autoencoder (LSDAE) model. To enhance the HDL method’s performance, the Maritime Cyber Warfare Officers (MCWO) performs the hyperparameter selection process. The experimental results of the HDLTD-BCT technique can be validated utilizing the NSLKDD dataset. The simulation outcomes of the HDLTD-BCT technique exhibited a superior accuracy value of 99.68% compared to other DL models.
On the direct and indirect influence of Prof. K. R. Parthasarathy on my game theoretic research career
Authors: Raghavan T. E. S.
Published: November 2024

Professor KRP was one of my ultracore mentors. He took great interest in sharing his knowledge during our evening walks around ISI ponds. He opened my eyes to the importance of constructive proofs.
Remembering Prof. K. R. Parthasarathy (25 June 1936–14 June 2023)
Authors: Rajarama Bhat B. V.
Published: November 2024

This is a brief account of Prof. K. R. Parthasarathy’s life and author’s interactions with him.
Sharp estimates of solutions of free boundary problems with nonlocal diffusion
Authors: Li Lei , Li Xueping , Wang Mingxing
Published: November 2024

This paper concerns a nonlocal diffusion problem with a free boundary. We first give accurate estimates on the longtime behaviors of solution by constructing suitably upper and lower solutions. In particular, for two important kinds of kernel functions, one of which is compactly supported and the other behaves like [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] near infinity, some sharp estimates on the longtime behaviors and rates of accelerated spreading are obtained. Then the limiting behaviors of the solution pair of a semi-wave problem and asymptotic dynamics of a nonlocal diffusion problem on half space are given, respectively. Finally, we investigate the limiting profiles of this free boundary problem when the expanding coefficient of free boundary converges to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively.
Random Vibration Analysis of High-Speed Moving Maglev Train on Simply Supported Bridge Considering Track Irregularity
Authors: Lv Sicong , Wang Bin , Tang Ganggui , Ma Lingfeng , Wang Weixu
Published: November 2024

The high-speed maglev train is a potential innovative and convenient transportation. Its stability and vibration performances while moving on bridges are still the fundamental considerations to be determined. The stable control condition of the high-speed maglev train moving on an irregulated track is analyzed theoretically employing a simplified moving electromagnet model at first. The Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion is introduced to determine the limiting values of the electromagnetic control parameters. It is interesting that the obtained stable critical values of the control parameters are not sensitive to the moving speed and the bridge parameters. The stable critical value of the electromagnetic control parameters is dominated by the negative stiffness and negative damping mechanism. The coupled vibration system of the high-speed maglev train–bridge considering the track irregularity is then established. The explicit time-domain integration method based on spectral decomposition is applied to solve the random vibration of the system, while the classical Newmark-[Formula: see text] method is used to solve the deterministic responses. The numerical results are compared and validated with the Monte Carlo simulation and the measurement data. The statistical response characteristics of the high-speed maglev train and the bridge under random track irregularity are then analyzed. The vibration of the train fluctuates obviously during the suspension process with a great standard derivation. Like the comment wheel rail train on bridge, responses increase obviously with the increase of train speed and the deterioration of the track irregularity.
A Semi-Analytical Approximation for a Coupled System of Singularly Perturbed Convection–Diffusion Equations with Shifts
Authors: Jain Shivani , Kaushik Aditya
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a semi-analytical approach to solve a coupled system of singularly perturbed differential equations with shifts of mixed type. The solution to the problem manifests a distinctive multiscale nature, characterized by localized narrow regions where the solution undergoes exponential changes. Beyond these regions, the solutions exhibit smooth variations. We employ a factorization approach to address intricate multiscale characteristics, splitting the given coupled system into two explicit systems. The first, a degenerate system, captures the smooth solution outside boundary layers through initial value problems. The second, addressing solutions within boundary layers, utilizes stretching transformations to form a set of boundary value problems. Even though this factorization seems straightforward, the solutions obtained from these simplified systems capture the essential characteristics of the given system. The Runge–Kutta method is employed to solve the degenerate system of initial value problems, while the system of boundary value problems is solved analytically using asymptotic expansions. We establish the stability and consistency of the proposed method. The method converges uniformly with higher-order accuracy. The proposed method is easy to implement, does not require an adaptive mesh generation procedure to sustain approximation, and the estimates do not involve logarithmic terms. Numerical results and illustrations are presented for four model problems to underscore the effectiveness and potential of the presented approach.
The geology of the Shyok suture zone: evidence for Cretaceous extension of the southern Eurasian margin and Eocene India–Eurasia collision
Authors: Martin C. R. , Van Buer N. J. , Matchette-Downes H. , Mueller P. A. , Cruz-Uribe A. M. , van Tongeren J. A. , Hanchar J. M. , Upadhyay R. , Jagoutz O.
Published: November 2024

This study discusses whether the Eurasian margin, before the onset of the India–Eurasia collision, was a Cordillera-style accretionary orogen or a more complex Japan–Mariana-style margin with extended back-arc basins and oceanic crust between the volcanic arc(s) and continental lithosphere. This distinction is critical to understanding the development of the India–Eurasia orogenic system because each of these scenarios has very different implications for the timing of the continental collision between India and Eurasia. We present new field mapping, U/Pb zircon dates and whole-rock geochemical results that constrain the tectonostratigraphic and structural development of the Shyok suture zone, which separates the Kohistan–Ladakh arc from the Karakoram terrane in northwestern India and Pakistan. Our results suggest that the Shyok suture comprises a Jurassic forearc ophiolite overlain by Eurasia-derived sedimentary strata interlayered with andesites, which accumulated throughout the Cretaceous in a back-arc basin that was under extension between 115 and 72 Myr ago. Closure of this back-arc basin post-dates the formation of the Indus suture zone between the Kohistan–Ladakh arc and India.
Patch Correctness Assessment: A Survey
Authors: Fei Zhiwei , Ge Jidong , Li Chuanyi , Wang Tianqi , Li Yuning , Zhang Haodong , Huang LiGuo , Luo Bin
Published: November 2024

Most automated program repair methods rely on test cases to determine the correctness of the generated patches. However, due to the incompleteness of available test suites, some patches that pass all the test cases may still be incorrect. This issue is known as the patch overfitting problem. Overfitting problem is a longstanding problem in automated program repair. Due to overfitting patches, the patches obtained by automated program repair tools require further validation to determine their correctness. Researchers have proposed many methods to automatically assess the correctness of patches, but no systematic review provides a detailed introduction to this problem, the existing solutions, and the challenges. To address this deficiency, we systematically review the existing approaches to patch correctness assessment. We first offer a few examples of overfitting patches to acquire a more detailed understanding of this problem. We then propose a comprehensive categorization of publicly available techniques and datasets, examine the commonly used evaluation metrics, and perform an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of the existing models in addressing the challenge of overfitting. Based on our analysis, we provided the difficulties encountered by current methodologies, alongside the possible avenues for future research exploration.
Security and Privacy on Generative Data in AIGC: A Survey
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Yushu , Qi Shuren , Zhao Ruoyu , Xia Zhihua , Weng Jian
Published: November 2024

The advent of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) represents a pivotal moment in the evolution of information technology. With AIGC, it can be effortless to generate high-quality data that is challenging for the public to distinguish. Nevertheless, the proliferation of generative data across cyberspace brings security and privacy issues, including privacy leakages of individuals and media forgery for fraudulent purposes. Consequently, both academia and industry begin to emphasize the trustworthiness of generative data, successively providing a series of countermeasures for security and privacy. In this survey, we systematically review the security and privacy on generative data in AIGC, particularly for the first time analyzing them from the perspective of information security properties. Specifically, we reveal the successful experiences of state-of-the-art countermeasures in terms of the foundational properties of privacy, controllability, authenticity, and compliance, respectively. Finally, we show some representative benchmarks, present a statistical analysis, and summarize the potential exploration directions from each of these properties.
Voltammetric Determination of Pyridoxine in Pharmaceutical Samples Using Phosphorus-Doped Copper Oxide Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: Acikalin Merve Yalcin , Dokur Ebrar , Uruc Selen , Gorduk Ozge , Sahin Yucel
Published: November 2024

A phosphorus-doped copper oxide/pencil graphite electrode (P-doped CuO/PGE) was developed to determine pyridoxine selectively. The phosphorus-doped into the copper has revealed a large number of defects that can provide active sites for the reaction to take place, thus contributing to the improvement of the electrical conductivity of copper oxide. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of the P-doped CuO/PGE. Surface morphology was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical measurements were performed by differential pulse voltammetry, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification values for pyridoxine were calculated. The LOD value was 0.33 μmol L−1 with a linear range of 1.0 and 100 μmol L−1. The developed sensor showed a remarkable anti-interference effect against interference from ascorbic acid, dopamine, glucose, uric acid, and lactate. Potential interference effects of species that may coexist with pyridoxine in pharmacological samples were also investigated. The applicability of the developed sensor to real samples was examined, and satisfactory recovery values were obtained.
Performance and Durability of Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Systems with an Advanced Ordered Intermetallic ORR Alloy Catalyst and Novel Support
Authors: Ahluwalia Rajesh , Wang Xiaohua , Chen Kate , Wang Xiaojing , Spendelow Jacob S.
Published: November 2024

Ordered PtCo intermetallic (OIM) catalyst (L10-PtCo/C) is a promising candidate as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in hybrid fuel cell systems (FCS) for class-8 heavy duty (HD) trucks. Compared to a baseline annealed Pt on high surface area carbon (a-Pt/HSC) catalyst, its mass activity (MA) is 71% higher initially and 144% higher after 90,000 potential cycles in an accelerated stress test (AST). Analysis of the AST data indicates that the ORR kinetic constants do not change with aging and the degradation in the OIM catalyst activity is linearly proportional to the loss in the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). Several operational strategies are investigated to mitigate catalyst degradation and achieve 25,000-h electrode lifetime and 2.5 kW g−1 Pt utilization on a HD truck duty cycle including load sharing with the hybrid battery, regulating the radiator fan power to maintain the coolant temperature close to 60 °C, clipping the maximum cell voltage below 850 mV, limiting the ECSA loss to 55%, and oversizing the active area of the membrane electrode assemblies by 20%. Drive cycle simulations indicate that the lifetime average voltage degradation rate is about 1.8 μV h−1 and the integrated stack and FCS drive cycle efficiencies decrease by 3.5 to 3.9%.
CFRP Materials for Restoration of the Bearing Capacity of RC Beams With Damaged Rebar
Authors: Kopiika Nadiia , Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Selejdak Jacek , Khmil Roman , Blikharskyy Zinoviy , Katunsky Dusan
Published: November 2024

Corrosion of the rebar in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a critical concern, compromising their reliability and long‐term operation. Carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (CFRP) tapes are widely used for strengthening RC structures due to their superior properties such as light weight, high strength and ease of application. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using CFRP‐bonded tapes as a flexural repair system for RC beams, considering the effect of pre‐repair damage to rebar. The experimental programme consisted of testing two unstrengthened control specimens without damage and two samples with 50% damage to the rebar, strengthened with CFRP materials. To maximize the effectiveness of CFRP materials for strengthening, a comprehensive understanding of their behaviour, particularly during the later stages of loading, is essential. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap of knowledge with the use of innovative remote monitoring techniques: submicron indicators and digital image correlation (DIC). By cross‐verifying results through two independent approaches, any potential biases or errors inherent were mitigated, leading to more robust and reliable outcomes of the experimental research. A comprehensive analysis of the obtained experimental data, also validated through theoretical calculations, has shown that the proposed repair method ensured a 95% recovery of the initial bearing capacity. Also, notable changes in the behaviour of samples were observed with increased strains and deflections compared to control samples. Remarkable possibilities of the DIC method enabled monitoring of the stress–strain state of the full‐scale samples until the destruction stage. The findings of the research are significant in the engineering application, as it deepened the understanding of CFRP strengthening techniques and can potentially broaden the use of CFRP tapes in strengthening corroded RC beams.
Predicting Suicidal Behaviors in Individuals With Diabetes Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mamun Mohammed A. , Al-Mamun Firoj , Hasan Md Emran , Roy Nitai , ALmerab Moneerah Mohammad , Muhit Mohammad , Moonajilin Mst. Sabrina
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes management poses significant challenges worldwide, with individuals often facing increased risks of mental health issues, including suicidal behaviors. While traditional statistical methods have been used to assess risk factors, this study introduces machine learning techniques to predict suicidal behaviors among diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behaviors among individuals with diabetes in Bangladesh using both traditional statistical methods and machine learning models.

Methods: A cross‐sectional study was carried out with 390 diabetic patients, assessing demographic characteristics, diabetes‐related variables, mental health indicators, and suicidal behaviors. Statistical analyses including chi‐square tests and logistic regression, and various machine learning models, were employed to examine associations and predict risk factors.

Results: This study found that 13.8% of the individuals with diabetes reported lifetime suicidal behavior and 9.0% reported past‐year suicidal behavior. Significant risk factors associated with higher rates of suicidal behaviors included younger age, marital status, lower monthly income, higher educational attainment, being insulin users, not having a family history of diabetes, and suffering from anxiety. Among the machine learning models tested, the CatBoost model outperformed others, obtaining low log loss values of 0.45 and 0.32 for lifetime and past‐year suicidal behaviors, respectively. CatBoost demonstrated excellent accuracy rates of 83.97% and 88.46%, significantly higher than those of traditional logistic regression models. The most significant predictors identified by machine learning were treatment type, followed by occupation, anxiety, age group, and having chronic diseases.

Conclusion: The findings suggest the urgent need for comprehensive interventions and support systems for individuals managing diabetes, particularly those at higher risk of suicidal behaviors. Machine learning offers improved predictive power and the ability to identify complex patterns in risk factors. Collaborative efforts between healthcare providers, mental health professionals, and public health initiatives are essential for prioritizing mental well‐being in diabetes management.
A Rare Case of Pulmonary Edema Secondary to Hydrochlorothiazide Use
Authors: Chen Evan J. , Hayrapetian Laurie , Frishe Katherine
Published: November 2024

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has been reported as a rare adverse reaction of hydrochlorothiazide. Symptoms can develop acutely after medication ingestion, and patients may present acutely ill. The mechanism by which hydrochlorothiazide causes pulmonary edema remains unknown and is considered idiosyncratic. Prompt supportive care and discontinuation of the medication is necessary to prevent and manage such a complication. This case report describes a patient who developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema after taking a combination pill of hydrochlorothiazide‐losartan.
An Improved Adaptive Frequency Sweep Strategies Based on Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation Technique for Broadband Antenna Simulation
Authors: Cai Zhijun , Ren Lingzhi , Liu Shuangbing , Wang Gen , Gao Peng , Zhang Tianyuan , Fang Yuanjie , Zhang Haili
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose an improved adaptive frequency sweep strategy based on the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique for simulating broadband antennas across a wide frequency range. Our approach maintains high accuracy compared to traditional frequency sweep methods, as demonstrated through simulation results of several commonly used broadband antennas. A novel error function is introduced specifically designed for broadband antenna simulation, which effectively improves the adaptive frequency sweep process. By analyzing the relationship between target error and computational time, we determine the optimal balance zone between efficiency and accuracy. Our findings provide valuable insights for efficient and accurate simulation of broadband antennas.
Alanyl-Glutamine Inhibits the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Airway Epithelial Cells in Asthmatic Mice via DPP4-SIRT1 Pathway
Authors: Ding Kai , He Xiaowen , Liang Donglu , Xu Lanling , Xiao Bo , Hou Lixia , Xue Feiqian , Zhou Guiming , Ma Libing
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) is a compound known for its protective effects in various tissue injuries. However, its role in asthma-related lung injuries remains underexplored. This study investigates the mechanisms by which Ala-Gln modulates sDPP4-induced airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in a mouse model. Methods: An asthma model was established in female C57BL/6 J mice by using OVA. CD4+ T cells and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were isolated from the spleen and bronchi of the mice, respectively. Interventions included recombinant sCD26/sDPP4 protein, Ala-Gln, and EX527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor). Flow cytometry was used to assess Th17 and Treg cell populations. Mice were treated with Ala-Gln, EX527, and budesonide (BUD). Histopathological changes in lung tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining. White blood cell counts were measured with a hematology analyzer. The expression levels of DPP4, IL-17, SIRT1, SMAD2/3, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, MMP9, and α-SMA proteins were analyzed. Results: Treatment with recombinant sCD26/sDPP4 resulted in decreased E-cadherin expression in BECs and increased levels of α-SMA, MMP9, and N-cadherin, effects that were mitigated by Ala-Gln. Ala-Gln also prevented the reduction in SIRT1 expression in BECs and the increase in Th17 cell differentiation induced by recombinant sCD26/sDPP4. EX527 administration alongside Ala-Gln reversed these changes and enhanced the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 through SIRT1 signaling. BUD alone reduced inflammation and fibrosis in bronchial tissue and lowered the Th17/Treg ratio in peribronchial lymph nodes. The therapeutic effect of BUD was further improved with concurrent Ala-Gln treatment. Conclusion: Ala-Gln can inhibit BEC fibrosis and Th17 cell differentiation mediated by recombinant sCD26/sDPP4 through the SIRT1 pathway. Combined with BUD, Ala-Gln enhanced therapeutic efficacy in OVA-induced asthma in mice, which could offer improved outcomes for asthmatic patients with elevated DPP4 levels.
Dentists’ Treatment Decisions Concerning Restorations in Adult Patients in North Norway: A Cross-Sectional Tromsø 7 Study
Authors: Staxrud Frode , Mulic Aida , Kopperud Simen E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the degree whereby dentists differentiate between repair versus replacement for failed restorations. A random selection of adult patients from North Norway was chosen from the larger Tromsø 7 study. Methods: A randomized sample of 3,653 persons (11.5% of the total number of individuals invited to the Tromsø 7 study, 51.5% women, aged 40–93 years) were included. Based on FDI’s clinical criteria for the evaluation of restorations – 2010, 17 calibrated dentists evaluated patients by clinical and radiographical pictures in a specially designed software developed for this purpose. The dental practitioners’ opinions gave rise to the reported treatment decisions. Descriptive statistics and multivariable multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models (STATA 17/SE) were performed. Results: The participants’ DMFT values ranged from 0 (0.9%) to 24 (8.8%) (median DMFT 21.3, mean 20.0). A total of 90.062 teeth (24.7 teeth per patient) were assessed. Re-treatment suggestions were made for 3,006 restorations, i.e., an average of 3.3% re-treatments. Of these, 25.3% (n = 814) were suggested for repair and 74.7% (n = 2,192) for replacement. Dental treatment was suggested for 1,597 patients and varying from 1 to 14 suggestions per patient. Secondary caries (37.6%) and restoration fracture (15.2%) were found to be most frequently used indications for re-treatment, surface properties the least. No significant difference was found between assessing dentists based on sex or age. Clustering by dentist level was checked using intra-class correlation coefficients, demonstrating that 16% of the variance in suggestions for restoration re-treatment was explained at the dentist level. Thus, a wide range of treatment suggestions was noted among the dentists. Conclusion: Need for restoration revision seems low in North Norway. There is a tendency towards larger and more indirect restorations, and the diagnosis of secondary caries is still a matter of uncertainty.
Adult-Onset Eccrine Angiomatous Hamartoma Associated with Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Dorado Caycedo Isabela , López Takegami Juan C.H. , Rivera Perdomo Eduardo A. , González Díaz Claudia P.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) is a benign tumor characterized by the proliferation of eccrine glands and vascular structures. It can be congenital or appear during childhood, with rare cases arising in adults. EAH typically presents as a solitary purplish plaque or nodule but a multifocal presentation in a blaschkoid or segmental distribution has been described. Case Presentation: We report the case of an extensive EAH following the territory of the superficial veins of the lower limbs, arising in an adult diagnosed with venous insufficiency at a young age and that worsened after saphenectomy. Conclusion: The histopathological and ultrasonographic characteristics suggest that this case may represent a new instance of EAH associated with arteriovenous malformation. We hypothesize that there might be common molecular pathways linking both conditions and that, in predisposed patients, saphenectomy can exacerbate EAH.
Exploring Perceived Gender Disparities in Latin America's Vascular Neurology Workforce: Insights from a Survey-Based Study
Authors: Rosales Julieta , Rocha Eva , Colares Lessa Vanessa Cristina , Brunet Florencia , Rodriguez Maria Paz , Cano-Nigenda Vanessa , Orjuela Karen , de Souza Ana Cláudia ,   on behalf of LUMNI Committee, ALATAC group
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Limited research exists on women's challenges as specialized healthcare professionals in Latin America's stroke field. This survey-based study addresses the potential gender disparities in these professionals' work environments.

Methods: This exploratory study used an online survey to investigate the work environment of women healthcare professionals in stroke across several Latin American countries. Conducted between September and November 2023, it included demographics, relationship status, reproductive history, and gender roles related to healthcare work and/or academic life. Women responders were invited through professional networks and local stroke care organizations. Descriptive analyses were performed, and sub-group comparisons were made using statistical tests such as Chi-square, FisherExact, or Kruskal-Wallis.

Results: A total of 291 responses were gathered from 16 Latin American countries. The average age was 40.01±9.61 years, 34% reported holding leadership positions, with 49.5% having women as supervisors. Furthermore, 41% were married, and 52.9% reported having children. Among those, 29.2% perceived adverse effects of childcare on their academic trajectories, with 71.43% being unable to participate in academic conferences. Only 16.1% held leadership roles in scientific organizations, although 52% were involved in educational endeavors within university settings.

Conclusions:
Our survey reveals perceived significant hurdles women healthcare professionals encounter in stroke, notably concerning the influence of maternity on job performance and career development. Furthermore, these results highlight inequalities in leadership roles and career pathways. By shedding light on these obstacles, we aim to increase awareness and advocate for implementing fair policies to create a supportive work environment.
Recurrent Hospitalizations for Fluid Overload in Diabetes with Kidney Failure Treated with Dialysis
Authors: Phang Chee Chin , Ng Li Choo , Kadir Hanis Abdul , Liu Peiyun , Gan Sheryl , Choong Lina HuiLin , Tan Chieh Suai , Bee Yong Mong , Lim Cynthia
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Singapore. ESKD patients have high disease burden and are at increased risk of recurrent hospitalizations, including fluid overload. This study aimed to characterize the risk factors associated with readmissions for fluid overload that will identify high-risk hospitalizations for interventions to reduce readmissions. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all hospitalizations for fluid overload in adults with diabetes and ESKD on dialysis in SingHealth hospitals between 2018 and 2021. Fluid overload was defined by discharge codes for fluid overload, heart failure, pulmonary edema, and generalized edema. Multivariable Cox regression analysis using the Prentice, Williams and Peterson Total Time model was performed for the outcomes of readmissions for fluid overload within 30 days and 90 days of discharge. Results: Among 3,234 hospitalizations for fluid overload, readmission for fluid overload within 30 days and 90 days occurred in 585 (18.1%) and 967 (29.9%) hospitalizations, respectively. Ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and lower hemoglobin level were independently associated with readmissions for fluid overload within 30 and 90 days. Additionally, heart failure, hemodialysis (compared to peritoneal dialysis), and lack of statin at discharge were associated with increased 90-day readmission risk. Conclusion: Modifiable (hemoglobin level, statin use) and non-modifiable factors (ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure) influenced the risk of readmission for fluid overload. These results may guide risk stratification and inform targeted interventions to reduce avoidable, unplanned readmissions for recurrent fluid overload among individuals with diabetes and ESKD.
Lithium: Fifteen Years Later
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz K.
Published: November 2024

Background: The 75th anniversary of introducing lithium into modern psychiatry is recognized, attested by the 1949 paper of John Cade. About this event, my editorial in the special 2010 issue of Neuropsychobiology was titled “Lithium: Sixty Years Thereafter.” Since then, fifteen more years have brought further information about lithium. This paper makes a narrative review of the most important articles published in this period. Summary: The selected key literature of 2010–2024 addressed lithium prophylactic efficacy in bipolar disorder (BD), including pediatric, recurrent depression, and lithium augmentation of antidepressants in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Novel data have been obtained for lithium adverse effects (kidney, thyroid) and beneficial outcomes of long-term lithium administration (anti-suicidal, neuroprotective, antiviral, and others). The results on the mechanisms of lithium action covered genetic investigations of the Consortium of Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) and in vitro studies with induced pluripotent stem cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines. The underutilization of lithium nowadays was emphasized, and the ways to overcome it were considered. Key Messages: Lithium remains the choice drug for recurrence prevention in BD, also in adolescents, and a significant option for augmentation of antidepressants in TRD. The adverse side effects should be carefully followed and managed according to current guidelines. There are also beneficial lithium impacts, of which anti-suicidal and anti-dementia seem the most important. Most of the results of neurobiological studies on lithium mechanisms may be related to lithium response and some (e.g., immunomodulatory) to the pathogenesis of BD. Better education about lithium could make more patients the beneficiary of this drug.
O projeto de conservação da paisagem no ensino remoto: experiência da UFPE no bairro da Boa Vista no Recife
Authors: Silva Jônatas Souza Medeiros da , Silva Milena Torres de Melo , Carneiro Ana Rita Sá , Dantas Ney Brito
Published: November 2024

As consequências da pandemia da covid-19 desencadearam conflitos em diversos campos de estudo, entre eles o do projeto de paisagem. O isolamento social repercutiu na forma de ver o mundo, interferindo nas relações sociais e na apropriação dos espaços das cidades. O ensino remoto, por sua vez, conduziu uma apreensão limitada às telas digitais, demandando adaptações, modificações e criatividade no âmbito acadêmico. Nesse âmbito, este artigo aborda a metodologia aplicada durante o ensino remoto na disciplina de Projeto de Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Paisagismo VII do 7° período do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFPE. Apresenta-se a metodologia de ensino remoto para elaboração de projeto de conservação urbano-paisagística a partir da experiência de paisagem e uma síntese das experiências obtidas em duas turmas que desenvolveram projetos de conservação no bairro da Boa Vista, no Recife, nos semestres de 2020.1 e 2021.1.
Right Atrial Septal In Situ Microthrombus: A Potential Novel Cause of Patent Foramen Ovale‐Associated Stroke
Authors: Zhu Jianbo , Chen Anni , Zhu Lei , Li Yun , Jiang Zhenzhen , Ni Dijia , Zheng Yuanyuan , Liu Xiatian
Published: November 2024

Background

Patent foramen ovale (PFO)‐associated stroke has a complex and diverse pathogenesis. It mainly results from a paradoxical embolism caused by venous thrombosis. However, few studies have investigated the presence of an in situ thrombus in the right atrium. Transesophageal echocardiography can effectively detect right atrial septal in situ microthrombus. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between a right atrial septal in situ microthrombus and PFO‐associated stroke and further dissect the pathophysiological basis of microthrombus formation.

Methods and Results

Between April 2022 and October 2023, we prospectively investigated 466 patients who visited our hospital for transesophageal echocardiography with a high clinical suspicion of PFO. Right atrial septal in situ microthrombus was detected in 34 patients (7%), and 23 of them were examined. The microthrombus disappeared in 13 patients and decreased in 7; PFO recanalization and anatomical variations were observed in 2 and 1 patient, respectively. The incidence of index stroke was higher in the microthrombus group than in the nonmicrothrombus group (76.47% versus 61.11%). Univariate and multivariable (adjusted) analyses revealed PFO as an independent risk factor for right atrial septal in situ microthrombus formation (odds ratio, 3.29 [95% CI, 1.49–7.26];
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

Transesophageal echocardiography effectively detects right atrial septal in situ microthrombus. A PFO may promote the formation of right atrial septal in situ microthrombus. Right atrial septal in situ microthrombus significantly increases the risk of PFO‐associated stroke. This finding may be crucial in disease management strategies for patients with PFO.
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Phrase Structure and Subject Island Violations
Authors: Matchin William , Almeida Diogo , Hickok Gregory , Sprouse Jon
Published: November 2024

In principle, functional neuroimaging provides uniquely informative data in addressing linguistic questions, because it can indicate distinct processes that are not apparent from behavioral data alone. This could involve adjudicating the source of unacceptability via the different patterns of elicited brain responses to different ungrammatical sentence types. However, it is difficult to interpret brain activations to syntactic violations. Such responses could reflect processes that have nothing intrinsically related to linguistic representations, such as domain-general executive function abilities. To facilitate the potential use of functional neuroimaging methods to identify the source of different syntactic violations, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to identify the brain activation maps associated with two distinct syntactic violation types: phrase structure (created by inverting the order of two adjacent words within a sentence) and subject islands (created by extracting a wh-phrase out of an embedded subject). The comparison of these violations to control sentences surprisingly showed no indication of a generalized violation response, with almost completely divergent activation patterns. Phrase structure violations seemingly activated regions previously implicated in verbal working memory and structural complexity in sentence processing, whereas the subject islands appeared to activate regions previously implicated in conceptual-semantic processing, broadly defined. We review our findings in the context of previous research on syntactic and semantic violations using ERPs. Although our results suggest potentially distinct underlying mechanisms underlying phrase structure and subject island violations, our results are tentative and suggest important methodological considerations for future research in this area.