bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Material point simulations as a basis for determining Johnson-Cook hardening parameters via instrumented scratch tests
Authors: Leroch Sabine , Eder Stefan J , Varga Markus , Ripoll Manel Rodríguez
Published: May 2022

Scratch tests are a powerful and inexpensive tool for studying the mechanical properties of materials. The tests are typically applied for determining the deformation behavior of materials and serves as quality assessment method for measuring the adhesion and delamination properties of coatings. However, the extraction of quantitative material parameters using scratch tests remains elusive and, contrary to instrumented indentation or tensile testing, hardly any procedures are available so far for determining the hardening behavior of materials. Such a procedure is of enormous relevance, since it allows a non-destructive determination of the material parameters of constitutive models commonly used in computer simulations for thin films, coatings, or surface changes due to loading. In this work we rely on extensive computational simulations of scratch tests using a meshless Material Point Method for finding relationships between the scratch forces, the scratch topography, and the material parameters. The simulations are performed for two large groups of metals with Young’s moduli corresponding to steel and copper. Within each group, the yield stresses and hardening parameters are varied in order to cover the widest possible range of hardening behaviors. The results show that the scratch topography serves to narrow down the value of the yield stress, which can be alternatively determined using indentation. Once the yield stress is known, the hardening parameter can be unequivocally determined for a fixed hardening exponent via the scratch topography using a single scratch, or via the scratch forces using two scratches, provided that they are done at different normal loads.
The Effect of Histopathologic Analysis and Tissue Cultures on Inpatient Management of Cellulitis: a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Lause Michael , Pettit Cory , Himed Sonia , Rismiller Kyle P. , Huff Sara , Korman Abraham M. , Blaszczak Alecia M. , Hsueh Willa , Milani-Nejad Nima , Kofmehl Leah , Gonsenhauser Iahn , Hebert Courtney , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Wang Henry E. , Yildiz Vedat , Trinidad John C. , Chung Catherine G. , Kaffenberger Benjamin H.
Published: May 2022

Background. In the absence of a gold-standard diagnostic modality for cellulitis, sterile inflammatory disorders may be misdiagnosed as cellulitis.Objective. To determine the utility of skin biopsy and tissue culture for the diagnosis and management of patients admitted with a diagnosis of cellulitis. Design. Pilot, single-blind parallel group randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating length of stay and antibiotic use in 56 patients with a primary diagnosis of cellulitis. Skin biopsy and tissue culture results were only reported in the intervention group. Corollary analysis of adipose tissue inflammation and structural changes in cellulitis. Results. Hospital length of stay showed the greatest opportunity for further study as a primary outcome (intervention: 4, IQR (2-6) vs control: 5 IQR (3-8) days; p = 0.124). In the corollary study, there were differentially expressed genes related to inflammation (CD74), macrophage characterization (CD14, MCP1, CD36) and extracellular matrix proteins (VEGFA, FGF1, FGFR1/3, TIMP1, COL12A1) in the adipose tissue of chronic cellulitis patients.Limitations. Limited number of participants.Conclusion. The study demonstrated that hospital length of stay and anti-pseudomonal antibiotic de-escalation are endpoints worth further study. The corollary study demonstrated multiple inflammatory and structural genes that are upregulated in this disease process.
COVID-19 Mortality in Brazil, 2020-21: Consequences of the pandemic inadequate management
Authors: Szwarcwald Célia Landmann , Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira , de Almeida Wanessa da Silva , Filho Adauto Martins Soares , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: May 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought countless challenges to public health and highlighted the Brazilian health system vulnerabilities to face the emergency situation. In this article, we analyze data on COVID-19-related deaths in Brazil in 2020-21 to show the tragic consequences of the pandemic on the Brazilian population.Methods: The Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System were the main information sources. We used the population estimates in 2020-21 to calculate COVID-19 specific mortality rates by age and sex and educational level. Considering the total number of deaths in 2020-21, the COVID-19 proportional mortality (%) was estimated for each age group and sex. A graph of the daily deaths from January 2020 to December 2021 by sex was elaborated to show the temporal evolution of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil. In addition, four indicators related to COVID-19 mortality were estimated: infant mortality rate; maternal mortality ratio (MMR); number of orphans due to mother's death; average number of years lost.Results: The overall COVID-19 mortality rate was 14.8 (/10,000). The mortality rates increase with age and show a decreasing gradient with higher schooling. Among illiterate people, the rate was 38.8/10,000, three times higher than those with college education. Male mortality was 31% higher than female mortality. COVID-19 deaths represented 19.1% of all deaths, with the highest proportions in the median age groups. The average number of years lost due to COVID-19 was 19 years. The MMR due to COVID-19 was 35.7 per 100,000 LB, representing 37.4% of the overall MMR. Regarding the number of orphans due to COVID-19, we estimated that 40,830 children under 18 years old lost their mothers during the pandemic, with an orphans' rate of 7.5/10,000 children aged 0-17 years. The pandemic peak occurred in March 2021, reaching almost 4,000 deaths per day, higher than the average number of deaths per day from all causes in 2019. Conclusions: The COVID-19 lethality rate in Brazil was 2.2%, twice the global lethality rate. The delay in adopting public health measures necessary to control the epidemic has exacerbated the spread of the disease, resulting in several avoidable deaths.
Crizotinib combined with bronchoscopic interventional treatment in ALK-positive Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of left main stem bronchus: a case report
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Chenchen , Lv Zechao , Du Mingxiang , Xu Ruixin
Published: May 2022

Background Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), also known as an inflammatory pseudotumor, is a unique type of intermediate soft tissue tumor that commonly occurred in the lung. Its unclear etiology and cellular activity brought about the confusion not only in naming of it, but also in diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation We reported the case of an 18-year-old male student who suffered from shortness of breath, chest tightness and chest pain. Chest computed tomography scan showed a spherical neoplasm blocking left main stem bronchus. After fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedure, the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis indicated an IMT. The targeted next generation sequencing based genomic profiling of the tumor using formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue was performed and a EML4-ALK fusion was detected. The patient began to receive Crizotinib, a ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, at a dose of 250 mg twice daily orally. The patient has recovered well after the operation, and no recurrence or metastasis has been found after 12 months’ follow-up.Conclusion By means of the diagnosis and treatment of this case, the characteristics and therapies of IMT are illustrated. In addition, it also provides a reference for the therapeutic strategy of IMT in the future.
Translation and validation of Sinhala version of modified EORTC QLQ-OH15 in oral cancer patients who receive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kosgallana Shamini , Jayasekara J.L.P. , Abeysinghe Prasad , Hjermstad Marianne , Lalloo Ratilal
Published: May 2022

Background: The recognition of patient-reported outcomes for oral cancer is important in improving patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the modified Sinhala version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Oral Health Module (EORTC QLQ-OH15).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to validate the EORTC QLQ-OH15 that was modified after adding two questions to the original questionnaire. The two questions added were ‘difficulty in opening the mouth wide’ and ‘trouble with talking’ which affect oral health related quality of life (OHRQOL) of oral cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. The Sinhala translated modified EORTC QLQ-OH15 and the core questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 were self-completed by 85 adult oral cancer patients who received initial anti-cancer treatment with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.Face, consensual and content validity were examined by the appearance. Construct validity was confirmed by using factor analysis, multi-trait scaling analysis, and known group comparison. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency, test-retest reliability and intra class correlation coefficient. Responsiveness to change was assessed.Results: The majority of participants (58%) were aged 50-69 years and 84% were males. Nearly 32% had cancer of the anterior two thirds of the tongue. Of the sample, 66% received chemo radiotherapy. Thirteen items were included for the factor analysis. They were loaded for four factors. Three scales ‘Eating problem’, ‘Gum and Speech problem’ and ‘Soreness’ loaded with 5, 4 and 3 items respectively and single item ‘teeth’ to a one factor with the total variance explained was 72.74%.Mann–Whitney U tests for all three scales were statistically significant confirming the ability of the modified EORTC QLQ-OH15 to detect expected differences in OHRQOL in clinically different groups. Cronbach’s alpha for all the scales were more than 0.8. Wilcoxon Matched Paired Sign Rank Test showed highly significant results (p<0.05) for all three scales revealing high responsiveness. Conclusion: The modified Sinhala version of the EORTC QLQ-OH15 is a valid, reliable tool that can be used to measure OHRQOL in oral cancer patients who receive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.
Fighting off the sucking pests of soybean: managing stink bugs and whiteflies
Authors: Rohrig Alberto , Pozebon Henrique , Palma Janine , Donatti Alessandro , Krammes Rodrigo , Bevilaqua Júlia Guimarães , Ramon Paulo Cesar , Maffini Jordano , Campos Paulo Vitor Mendonça , Valmorbida Ivair , Leão José Domingos Jacques , Silva Fabio Maximiano de Andrade , Guedes Jerson Vanderlei Carús , Arnemann Jonas André
Published: May 2022

Stink bugs and whiteflies are major concerns for pest management in Brazilian soybean fields, causing severe economic losses to soybean growers and leading to excessive insecticide applications per crop cycle. Despite biological differences, these two sap-sucking pests often co-occur in soybean fields and can be successfully managed with the same insecticide spray, reducing operational costs to the growers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of eleven insecticides in the control of stink bugs and whiteflies. Two insecticide sprays were made with an interval of 14 days between them. The results from ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (P≤0.05) revealed significant differences among treatments. Acetamiprid + bifenthrin (75 + 75 g a.i. ha-1) was the most efficient treatment for the control of stink bugs, reaching 97.8% of insect mortality. Cyantraniliprole + bifenthrin (50 + 50 g a.i. ha-1) was the most efficient treatment for the control of whiteflies, reaching 78.8% of insect mortality. This treatment also presented the highest combined control of stink bugs and whiteflies, reaching 83.5% of insect mortality
Spatio-temporal distribution and influence of distance of diseased passion fruit plants in the dissemination of the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in semi-arid tropical region
Authors: Batista Diógenes da Cruz , Júnior Miguel Alves- , Barbosa Maria Angélica Guimarães
Published: May 2022

The Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), of the genus Potyvirus (Potyviridae), causes the most prominent passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) disease in Brazil. The virus is transmitted in a non-circulating manner by many species of aphids. Chemical control of the vector insect is inefficient, due to the non-circulating nature of the virus-vector aphid relationship, and commercial species of passion fruit are susceptible to the virus. As such, comprehending the disease’s spatio-temporal dissemination dynamic may assist in outlining cultural control strategies, as chemical and genetic control are not used in this situation. The experiments were carried out in commercial fields in the cities of Petrolina-PE and Juazeiro-BA, where the mapping of diseased and healthy plants was carried out over time. The data regarding the incidence of the disease was submitted for analysis with Gompertz, Logistic, Monomolecular and Exponential growth models, in order to determine the best model and the progress rate for the disease’s growth curve. The spatial patterns of the disease along the planting lines and over time were determined using the doublets test and through logistic regression, applied to determine the influence of distance between diseased and healthy plants closer to the disease’s dissemination pattern. The growth model which best adjusted to the CABMV epidemics in passion fruit plants was the Logistic model, and no difference was observed between the ‘r’ rates of disease progress. The diseased passion fruit plants exhibited, in both fields, an aggregate pattern along the planting line with similar incidence values (4.16% and 6.74%). The fast development of the disease and the tendency toward aggregation between diseased plants were also confirmed with the analysis of distance through logistic regression. Thus, the production of seedlings in environments that are protected from aphids, systematic inspections for eradication of diseased plants (roguing) and the elimination of host weeds around the orchard may be used as management practices do eliminate inoculum sources and reduce the CABMV’s rate of progress
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT PADA FERMENTASI SPONTAN BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA ASAL BANTAENG
Authors: Azhara Izmi , Rais Muhammad , Sukainah Andi , Praja Putra Reski
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL) indigenus yang terlibat dalam fermentasi spontan biji kopi robusta asal Bantaeng pada interval waktu fermentasi 0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, dan 72 jam serta untuk mengetahui aktivitas enzim dari isolat bakteri asam laktat indigenus sebagai upaya pengembangan kultur starter dalam fermentasi biji kopi secara terkontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan isolasi berhasil dilakukan pada 37 isolat bakteri yang terlibat dalam fermentasi spontan biji kopi robusta. Hasil identifikasi sederhana yang dilakukan secara bertahap menunjukkan hanya 12 isolat bakteri yang bersifat katalase negatif, Gram positif, non spora, non motil, tidak menghasilkan gas (homofermentatif), tumbuh pada suhu 10 °C, 37 °C, 45 °C serta mampu tumbuh pada konsentrasi garam 4% dan 6,5%. Selanjutnya, 2 isolat BAL yang diisolasi pada waktu fermentasi 24 jam diuji lebih lanjut untuk dikembangkan sebagai kultur starter fermentasi biji kopi secara terkontrol. Kedua isolat BAL terpilih, yaitu BT24I1 dan BT24I2, diuji kemampuannya dalam menguraikan selulosa dan pektin. Hasil pengujian kualitatif menunjukkan kedua isolat BAL mampu menghasilkan selulase dan pektinase sehingga keduanya berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat kultur starter dalam fermentasi terkontrol biji kopi robusta dalam upaya pengembangan mutu dan cita rasa kopi
Integrating Top-down and Bottom-up Requirements in eHealth Development: The Case of a Mobile Self-compassion Intervention for People With Newly Diagnosed Cancer
Authors: Austin Judith , Drossaert Constance H C , van Dijk Jelle , Sanderman Robbert , Børøsund Elin , Mirkovic Jelena , Schotanus-Dijkstra Marijke , Peeters Nienke J , Van 't Klooster Jan-Willem J R , Schroevers Maya J , Bohlmeijer Ernst T
Published: May 2022

Background

Psychosocial eHealth interventions for people with cancer are promising in reducing distress; however, their results in terms of effects and adherence rates are quite mixed. Developing interventions with a solid evidence base while still ensuring adaptation to user wishes and needs is recommended to overcome this. As most models of eHealth development are based primarily on examining user experiences (so-called bottom-up requirements), it is not clear how theory and evidence (so-called top-down requirements) may best be integrated into the development process.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the integration of top-down and bottom-up requirements in the co-design of eHealth applications by building on the development of a mobile self-compassion intervention for people with newly diagnosed cancer.

Methods

Four co-design tasks were formulated at the start of the project and adjusted and evaluated throughout: explore bottom-up experiences, reassess top-down content, incorporate bottom-up and top-down input into concrete features and design, and synergize bottom-up and top-down input into the intervention context. These tasks were executed iteratively during a series of co-design sessions over the course of 2 years, in which 15 people with cancer and 7 nurses (recruited from 2 hospitals) participated. On the basis of the sessions, a list of requirements, a final intervention design, and an evaluation of the co-design process and tasks were yielded.

Results

The final list of requirements included intervention content (eg, major topics of compassionate mind training such as psychoeducation about 3 emotion systems and main issues that people with cancer encounter after diagnosis such as regulating information consumption), navigation, visual design, implementation strategies, and persuasive elements. The final intervention, Compas-Y, is a mobile self-compassion training comprising 6 training modules and several supportive functionalities such as a mood tracker and persuasive elements such as push notifications. The 4 co-design tasks helped overcome challenges in the development process such as dealing with conflicting top-down and bottom-up requirements and enabled the integration of all main requirements into the design.

Conclusions

This study addressed the necessary integration of top-down and bottom-up requirements into eHealth development by examining a preliminary model of 4 co-design tasks. Broader considerations regarding the design of a mobile intervention based on traditional intervention formats and merging the scientific disciplines of psychology and design research are discussed.
Implementation of a Statewide Web-Based Caregiver Resource Information System (CareNav): Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Young Heather M , Bell Janice F , Tonkikh Orly , Kilaberia Tina R , Whitney Robin L , Mongoven Jennifer M , Link Benjamin M , Kelly Kathleen
Published: May 2022

Background

With the aging population, family caregivers provide increasingly complex and intense care for older adults and persons with disabilities. There is growing interest in developing community-based services to support family caregivers. Caregiving occurs around the clock, and caregivers face challenges in accessing community-based services at convenient times owing to the demands of care. Web-based resources hold promise for accessible real-time support. CareNav (TM), a caregiver resource information system, is a web-based platform designed to support real-time universal caregiver assessment, a record of client encounters, development of a care plan, tailored information and resource content, access to web-based caregiver resources, the capacity to track service authorization and contracts, and secure communications. The assessment includes needs and health conditions of both the care recipient and caregiver; current resources; and priorities for support, information, and referral. In 2019, the California Department of Health Care Services funded the 11 nonprofit California Caregiver Resource Centers (CRCs) to expand and improve family caregiver services and enhance CRC information technology services. Deployment of a statewide information system offered a unique opportunity to examine structures and processes facilitating implementation, providing feedback to the sites as well as lessons learned for similar projects in the future.

Objective

The aim of this paper was to describe the statewide implementation of the comprehensive CareNav system using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as an organizing structure for synthesizing the evaluation.

Methods

This mixed methods study used two major approaches to evaluate the implementation process: a survey of all staff who completed training (n=82) and in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 CRC teams and 3 key informants (n=35). We initially analyzed interview transcripts using qualitative descriptive methods and then identified subthemes and relationships among ideas, mapping the findings to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results

We present findings on the outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of the intervention, characteristics of the staff, and the implementation process. The critical elements for success were leadership, communication, harmonization of processes across sites, and motivation to serve clients in more accessible and convenient ways.

Conclusions

These findings have implications for technology deployment in diverse community-based agencies that aspire to enhance web-based services.
Peer Review of “The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on National Case-Fatality Rates: Correlation and Validation Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Das Manoja K
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to ms#32935.
Compact Smartphone-Based Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Endoscope Device for Point-of-Care Blood Flow Monitoring: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Youngkyu , Choi Woo June , Oh Jungmin , Kim Jun Ki
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is widely accepted as a powerful visualization tool for quantifying blood flow in tissues. The benefits of this technology include simplicity of configuration, ease of use, and intuitive results. With significant advancements in smartphone and camera technologies, recent attempts have been made to develop a smartphone-based LSCI application that can be used as a Point-Of-Care (POC) device to examine vascular disorders in situ.

OBJECTIVE

A novel smartphone-based portable LSCI endoscope device was developed and validated to perform endoscopic POC testing for the diagnosis of vascular disorders in vivo.

METHODS

Device implementation: The flexible endoscope consisted of compact light sources (white LED and green laser), imaging optics, and a flexible fiberscope assembled in a 3D printed hand-held cartridge for access and illumination of the cavity organs in the body. The rear camera of the smartphone was mounted on an endoscope for endoscopy and LSCI image acquisition and processing.
Tissue-mimicking phantom flow experiment: A 2.5% microparticle mixture was injected into a light-transparent silicon tube with inner-diameter 1.0 mm, submerged in a tissue-mimicking gel to mimic blood flow in tissue. It was then pumped at a constant flow rate (0.023–0.094 ml/min) using a syringe pump. The perfused phantom was imaged using the prototype endoscopic device.
In vivo small animal experiment: Healthy Sprague–Dawley rats (n=2) and 0.05% BBN-induced bladder cancer rat models (n=3) were intravenously anesthetized. Their bladders were emptied by rinsing the inner sidewalls with a PBS solution. The probe tip of the endoscope device was used to gain access to the bladder sidewall via the urinary tract for examination.

RESULTS

Blood flow phantom experiment: Tissue phantom blood flow was visualized using raw laser speckle images of the developed endoscope device. The flow was quantified as a speckle flow index (SFI), which showed linearity with the preset pump flow rate.
In vivo small animal experiment: The bladders of healthy and cancerous rats were distinguishable in structure and vasculature.

CONCLUSIONS

The low-cost portable mobile endoscope device for monitoring blood flow and perfusion changes using a smartphone can be beneficial as a primary diagnostic tool for patients at home and as a cost-effective POC testing assay.
An update on the use of tolvaptan for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: consensus statement on behalf of the ERA Working Group on Inherited Kidney Disorders, the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network and Polycystic Kidney Disease International
Authors: Müller Roman-Ulrich , Lianne Messchendorp A. , Birn Henrik , Capasso Giovambattista , Cornec-Le Gall Emilie , Devuyst Olivier , Eerde Albertien van , Guirchoun Patrick , Harris Tess , Hoorn Ewout J. , Knoers Nine V.A.M. , Korst Uwe , Mekahli Djalila , Le Meur Yannick , Nijenhuis Tom , Ong Albert C.M. , Sayer John A. , Schaefer Franz , Servais Aude , Tesar Vladimir , Torra Roser , Gansevoort Stephen B. Walsh and Ron T.
Published: May 2022

No abstract
Peran Kontrol Diri dan Mediasi Orang Tua terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan Internet Secara Berlebihan
Authors: Hidayati Izzanil , Afiatin Tina
Published: May 2022

Perilaku penggunaan internet yang berlebihan pada remaja muncul sebagai interaksi dari berbagai faktor, diantaranya ialah kontrol diri dan mediasi orang tua. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris peran kontrol diri dalam memediasi hubungan antara  mediasi orang tua terhadap kecenderungan perilaku penggunaan internet secara berlebihan pada remaja. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 327 remaja berusia 15-18 tahun (139 laki-laki, 188 perempuan). Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi skala kontrol diri, skala mediasi orang tua, dan skala perilaku penggunaan internet secara berlebihan. Dengan prosedur pengujian variabel mediator, analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan internet secara berlebihan merupakan prediktor bagi mediasi orang tua (b =-0,610; p < 0,05) maupun kontrol diri (b =-0,503 ; p < 0,05). Peran penggunaan internet berlebihan ini menurun ketika regresinya dengan mediasi orang tua dengan mengikutsertakan kontrol diri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrol diri berperan sebagai mediasi pada hubungan mediasi orang tua terhadap kecenderungan perilaku penggunaan internet secara berlebihan pada remaja.
Komparasi Antara Tingkat Kepuasan Seksual dan Kepuasan Hubungan (Hubungan Friends with Benefit vs. Hubungan Konvensional)
Authors: Sumantri M. Arief , Dewi Yunita Trisna
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini akan membandingkan tingkat kepuasan hubungan dan kepuasan seksual. Pengukuran kepuasan hubungan memakai Relationship Assesment Scale yang telah dimodifikasi oleh peneliti, sedangkan untuk kepuasan seksual menggunakan single item yang disusun oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini melibatkan 178 partisipan (89 kelompok FWB, 89 kelompok konvensional), pengumpulan data dilakukan secara online. Analisis data menggunakan independent sample t-test dan analisis kovarians. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kepuasan seksual (t = -3,74, p = 0,000) dan kepuasan hubungan (t = 5,88, p = 0,000) antara kelompok konvensional (menikah atau pacaran) dengan FWB. Perbedaan jenis ikatan terbukti memberikan efek terhadap kepuasan hubungan (F = 65,604, p < 0,01, Ƞ2p = 0,273), kelompok konvensional berdasarkan estimasi means memberi efek yang lebih tinggi. Perbedaan jenis ikatan juga berkontribusi terhadap kepuasan seksual (F = 42,008, p < 0,01, Ƞ2p = 0,194), kelompok FWB memberi efek yang lebih tinggi. Perbedaan jenis ikatan (ikatan resmi/ konvensional dan tidak resmi/ FWB) dapat dijadikan rujukan mengapa kepuasan hubungan untuk hubungan konvensional (menikah atau pacaran) lebih tinggi dari hubungan FWB, dan mengapa kepuasan seksual pada kelompok FWB lebih tinggi dari hubungan konvensional.
Kecenderungan Gaming Disorder dan Perilaku Konsumtif Pembelian Virtual Goods pada Pemain Online Game
Authors: Hasanah Sarah Syahara Alfa , Hidayati Diana Savitri , Syakarofath Nandy Agustin
Published: May 2022

Berkembangnya teknologi dan berbagai jenis game membuat seseorang tertarik terlibat penuh dan semakin intens hingga memiliki rasa ketergantungan, adiksi bahkan disorder. Segelintir individu melakukan berbagai upaya untuk dapat mengakses sumber kesenangannya selama bermain online game dengan turut serta membeli game item yang melekat pada game-game yang sering dimainkan meski dengan segala keterbatasan ekonomi yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecenderungan gaming disorder terhadap perilaku konsumtif pembelian virtual goods pada pemain online game. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 200 orang yang diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria usia 14-28 tahun, sering bermain online game, pernah membeli item dalam game secara tunai maupun real trade money. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini adalah Internet Gaming Disorder Scale dan skala perilaku konsumtif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh melalui teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan gaming disorder berpengaruh terhadap perilaku konsumtif pembelian virtual goods pada pemain online game (p < 0,000, R2 = 0,134). Artinya, individu yang cenderung mengalami internet gaming disorder semakin intens untuk membeli berbagai perangkat game yang digemari, begitu juga sebaliknya.
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Optimistic Bias in Young Drivers’ Risky Driving Behaviors
Authors: Adira Nesya , Machmuroch Machmuroch , Satwika Pratista Arya
Published: May 2022

Risky driving behavior is the most dominant human error among young novice drivers. This research's objective was to find the correlation between difficulties in emotion regulation and optimistic bias towards risky driving behavior of teenagers. Sample was Senior High School students from grade 10 to 11 S who drove private vehicles on a daily basis (N=160). Instruments used were modified Behavior of Young Novice Drivers' Scale (BYNDS), modified Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and optimistic bias scale. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. Results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between difficulties in emotion regulation and optimistic bias towards risky driving behavior (F (2, 157) = 47.846; p < .01). Bigger contribution was found on difficulties in emotion regulation, indicating that teenagers while driving, relied more on their emotion regulation abilities than their awareness of driving risks.
Patterns of Socialization among New Latino Immigrants in Comparative Historical Perspective
Authors: Armet Stephen
Published: May 2022

Education is a bridge enabling children of low-skilled immigrants to access higher tiered professions in a segmented labor force in order to experience socio-economic gains and social mobility. Historically, Catholic immigrants (Irish, Polish, Italian and German) have been served by the parish school which provided a basis for household integration and economic advancement in American society. This paper explores the relationship between the parish school as an agent of socialization and children of new Catholic Latino immigrants. Comparative historical analysis of old and new patterns of immigration serves to demonstrate how the mediating role of the parish school has changed. Qualitative analysis contributes to a theory of institutionally generated social capital which is operationalized by measures of communitarian socialization. Using data from the Consortium of Chicago School Research, I use ordered logit regression to measure the effect of high school socialization patterns on student’s pro-social outcomes. I find that contrary to national data, Catholic high schools in Chicago are enrolling higher percentages of Latinos, a majority of whom are children of immigrants. A school climate characterized by affective support and inspirational ideology are significantly related to pro-social outcomes, while intergenerational closure is not. These findings are important because the parish school has a legacy of contributing to conditions necessary for children of immigrants to experience upward mobility.
Humanister i offentligheten. Kunskapens aktörer och arenor under efterkrigstiden
Authors: Östling Johan , Jansson Anton , Svensson Stringberg Ragni
Published: May 2022

There is a strong narrative on how the humanities were marginalized in postwar Sweden: in the land of engineers, technocrats and social scientists, there was no room for erudition, philosophy and history. This book challenges such a notion and shows how clearly the humanities were present in the public sphere of the time. By applying perspectives from the history of knowledge, the authors illustrate how humanists were key figures in the welfare society’s culture and politics, media and book market, education and intellectual debate. At the heart of the book is the public sphere of the 1960s and 1970s. In a first part, the authors highlight how humanists played a decisive role in the young television’s educational program as well as in the popular science paperback publishing of the time and on the essay pages in the newspapers. In a second part, attention is drawn to the humanities’ place in the Christian cultural sphere, the labour movement’s education work and the New Left’s book cafés. We meet people like Per I. Gedin, Gunnel Vallquist and Jan-Öjvind Swahn, but also TV producers, study circle organizers, translators of radical non-fiction and many others. They all helped to set humanistic knowledge in motion during the postwar decades. Against an international background, the image of a humanistic knowledge system with deep roots and wide connections in Swedish society emerges. It is about these actors and arenas of knowledge that this book is about.
Quantum agents in the Gym: a variational quantum algorithm for deep Q-learning
Authors: Skolik Andrea , Jerbi Sofiene , Dunjko Vedran
Published: May 2022

Quantum machine learning (QML) has been identified as one of the key fields that could reap advantages from near-term quantum devices, next to optimization and quantum chemistry. Research in this area has focused primarily on variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), and several proposals to enhance supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with VQAs have been put forward. Out of the three, RL is the least studied and it is still an open question whether VQAs can be competitive with state-of-the-art classical algorithms based on neural networks (NNs) even on simple benchmark tasks. In this work, we introduce a training method for parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) that can be used to solve RL tasks for discrete and continuous state spaces based on the deep Q-learning algorithm. We investigate which architectural choices for quantum Q-learning agents are most important for successfully solving certain types of environments by performing ablation studies for a number of different data encoding and readout strategies. We provide insight into why the performance of a VQA-based Q-learning algorithm crucially depends on the observables of the quantum model and show how to choose suitable observables based on the learning task at hand. To compare our model against the classical DQN algorithm, we perform an extensive hyperparameter search of PQCs and NNs with varying numbers of parameters. We confirm that similar to results in classical literature, the architectural choices and hyperparameters contribute more to the agents' success in a RL setting than the number of parameters used in the model. Finally, we show when recent separation results between classical and quantum agents for policy gradient RL can be extended to inferring optimal Q-values in restricted families of environments.
Numerical Implementation of Just-In-Time Decoding in Novel Lattice Slices Through the Three-Dimensional Surface Code
Authors: Scruby T. R. , Browne D. E. , Webster P. , Vasmer M.
Published: May 2022

We build on recent work by B. Brown (Sci. Adv. 6, eaay4929 (2020)) to develop and simulate an explicit recipe for a just-in-time decoding scheme in three 3D surface codes, which can be used to implement a transversal (non-Clifford) CCZ¯ between three 2D surface codes in time linear in the code distance. We present a fully detailed set of bounded-height lattice slices through the 3D codes which retain the code distance and measurement-error detecting properties of the full 3D code and admit a dimension-jumping process which expands from/collapses to 2D surface codes supported on the boundaries of each slice. At each timestep of the procedure the slices agree on a common set of overlapping qubits on which CCZ should be applied. We use these slices to simulate the performance of a simple JIT decoder against stochastic X and measurement errors and find evidence for a threshold pc∼0.1% in all three codes. We expect that this threshold could be improved by optimisation of the decoder.
Comportamiento del módulo dinámico y fatiga en mezclas asfálticas con escoria de horno al oxígeno
Authors: Ochoa Díaz Ricardo
Published: May 2022

La escoria de horno al oxigeno (BOF) se produce durante la transformación del arrabio, proveniente del alto horno, en acero durante el proceso siderúrgico integrado. Este residuo ha generado problemas ambientales debido a la acumulación y no disposición adecuada. Por lo anterior, este estudio tiene como objeto analizar el uso comportamiento del módulo dinámico y la fatiga en mezclas asfálticas con sustitución parcial (50%) y total (100%) del agregado grueso por BOF; los resultados se compararon con el comportamiento de una mezcla elaborada con agregados convencionales. Para alcanzar el objetivo se determinaron las propiedades químicas y físicas de BOF, el contenido óptimo de cemento asfáltico se determinó con la metodología Ramcodes y se realizaron ensayos para evaluar las características físicas, el módulo dinámico y la fatiga de cada tipo de mezcla. Los resultados de este estudio muestran una mejora en el comportamiento a fatiga y una leve disminución en el módulo dinámico en las mezclas con BOF. Lo cual nos permite deducir que es factible el uso de este residuo y así contribuir al desarrollo sostenible y la protección del medio ambiente
Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related change in children’s visits to the emergency department
Authors: Kang Dae Ho
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related changes in visiting pattern of an emergency department (ED).Methods: The author investigated all children younger than 19 years who visited the ED from 2018 through 2020 without exclusion criteria. Pandemic period was defined as 2020. Variables of interest were monthly and annual numbers of visits, age and age groups (< 1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15-18 years), sex, visits for diseases, disposition, high acuity, and top 5 chief complaints per each age group. Timing of social distancing and influenza-related visits were additionally analyzed to speculate the impact of such variables on the visiting patterns.Results: The annual visits were 11,435 (2018), 10,741 (2019), and 5,626 (2020), with a 47.6%-50.8% pandemic-related decrease. Trauma-related visits increased from 27.7%-28.4% to 36.5% (P < 0.001). In the children aged 9 years or younger, trauma as a chief complaint increased from 22.2%-29.6% to 36.2%-42.5% while fever decreased from 27.7%-47.3% to 16.7%-42.6%. In the pre-pandemic period, visits increased in February-March and October-December with a sharp increase in influenza-related visits in the latter 3 months. During the pandemic, a sharp decline in the visits was noted in January-February without the above-mentioned increasing patterns in neither total nor influenza-related visits. After the social distancing was implemented in the 13th week of 2020, the visits remained steady until a slight increase was noted after the school opening.Conclusion: During the pandemic period, a decrease was noted in the numbers of visits to the ED, along with decreases in fever as a chief complaint in young children and influenza-related visits, and the mitigation of social distancing. These findings could be useful in preparing emergency medicine resources for ongoing and future pandemics.
An Investigation into the Impacts of Deep Learning-based Re-sampling on Specific Emitter Identification Performance
Authors: Fadul Mohamed , Reising Donald , Weerasena Lakmali
Published: May 2022

Increasing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments present a growing
surface over which villainous actors can carry out attacks. This
disturbing revelation is amplified by the fact that a majority of IoT
devices use weak or no encryption at all. Specific Emitter
Identification (SEI) is an approach intended to address this IoT
security weakness. This work provides the first Deep Learning (DL)
driven SEI approach that upsamples the signals after collection to
improve performance while simultaneously reducing the hardware
requirements of the IoT devices that collect them. DL-driven upsampling
results in superior SEI performance versus two traditional upsampling
approaches and a convolutional neural network only approach.
A Nexus between Devaluation and Inflation in Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Ramsha , Saleem Rashida , Awan Abdul Ghafoor
Published: May 2022

This study empirically analyzes the relationship between the devaluation of currency and inflation in Pakistan by using time series data from 2001 to 2018. Although the government in Pakistan adopted policies to stabilize prices and boost exports yet exchange rate depreciation is observed over the years coupled with an increase in inflation. The exchange rate is predominantly a key element of international trade because a country fails to meet the demand of its population through endowed natural resources in a close economy that they have. So, they depend on other markets for the fulfillment of their demand. Eventually, exchange rate and inflation are the main determinants of macroeconomic evaluation in a country. This research work examines the relationship between the devaluation of currency and inflation in Pakistan over the period from 2001 to 2018, with the application of the cointegration test, VECM model, and correlation analysis. In an econometric model Inflation (INF) is taken as a dependent variable and exchange rate (used as a proxy for currency devaluation EXC), gross domestic product (GDP), and money supply (MS) are independent variables in the study. The role of the central bank in this domain has always been crucial. Central Bank takes action to stabilize the currency in the country which sometimes is observed in inflationary pressure. The study employed a stationary test and the variables are found stationary at the second difference. The cointegration test describes that there is a long-run relationship between inflation and devaluation of the currency. The correlation coefficient reveals a negative correlation between inflation and currency devaluation. This study recommends that government should float feasible policies parallel to the exchange rate (currency depreciation/devaluation of PKR) to tackle the persistent rise in the inflation rate.
Debt and Taxes? The Effect of Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017 Interest Limitations on Capital Structure
Authors: Carrizosa Richard D. , Gaertner Fabio B. , Lynch Daniel P.
Published: May 2022

The Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) limited interest deductibility. Using a difference-in-differences design, we show that following the enactment of the new limitations, affected firms significantly decrease their leverage. Specifically, we find that relative to unaffected U.S. firms, affected firms decrease leverage by 7.6 percent of assets, corresponding to $330 million per firm and $84.8 billion for the treatment sample. These results are driven by decreases in long-term domestic debt and by declines in new issuances rather than debt repayment. Additional tests indicate other tax reform elements do not explain the results. We also find that firms not currently subject to limitations on interest but subject to future limitations decrease leverage by about half as much as firms currently subject to the limits. Overall, our findings document an economically significant effect of recent tax reform on firm behavior and advance understanding of how taxes affect capital structure.

JEL Classifications: H26; H71; H72.
International Accounting and Auditing Standards Adoption in the Eastern European Countries of the European Union: Review of Regulations and Literature
Authors: Rykaczewski Maria , Thevenot Maya , Vulcheva Maria
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we review regulatory changes surrounding the adoption of international accounting and auditing standards in 11 Central and Eastern European countries that are European Union (EU) members. Additionally, we examine the English-language research related to these changes in each jurisdiction. We find many commonalities associated with the countries' Communist past and the process of joining the EU. While many studies are being conducted in four of the countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), such research is sparse in the remaining seven jurisdictions, primarily due to data availability. English-language audit research is particularly lacking. Our review outlines future research avenues and emphasizes country characteristics that must be addressed when any of the jurisdictions are a part of an international sample. Moreover, we enable international research readers to assess the generalizability of extant research findings.
Optical solitons to the Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation in (2+1)-dimensional form via two analytical techniques
Authors: Zafar Asim , Raheel M. , Ali Khalid K. , Inc Mustafa , Qaisar Anoosha
Published: May 2022

The current research is about the optical solitons of the Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar (KMN) equation that are obtained by implementing the two proficient approaches named: the extended Jacobi’s elliptic expansion function method and the expa function method. The aforesaid methods are used for the first time in the KMN equation to obtain novel soliton solutions in terms of Jacobi’s elliptic function solutions, which turn into dark, bright, and periodic solutions later. Also, the rational function solutions of the above-mentioned equation are obtained. The obtained solutions are also graphed and verified with the use of symbolic soft computations. The obtained results may be applied to illustrate the substantial concept of the studious structures as well as other related nonlinear physical structures.