bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Promising Approach to Improving COVID-19 Symptoms: Using Antioxidant Supplements
Authors:   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Keshavarz Shahbaz Sanaz , Naderi Yazdan ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran., Keshavarz hedayati Samaneh ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran., Aali Ehsan ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 disease could progress to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The immune cells’ migration in response to the virus leads to cell death by releasing oxidizing free radicals. These oxidizing free radicals mediate NF-κB (Nuclear Factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells) activation and induce transcription of cytokine-producing genes that eventually causes cytokine storm and septic shock. The over-expression of oxidative stress and enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) production activate transcription factors like NF-κB. So repeating this cycle intensifies the host’s inflammatory responses. In this way, antioxidants as compounds that inhibit oxidation by terminating chain reactions are suggested to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. In the present review study, the pathogenesis of the virus, the virus immunopathology, and the balance between immune responses and oxidative stress are discussed. Also, in this review, due to the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, some of the most important antioxidant agents whose therapeutic effects have been shown in improving many viral infections, ARDS, and acute lung injury, are recommended to improve the patient’s condition infected with SARS-CoV-2. Besides, the recent COVID-19 clinical studies in this field are summarized in this review article. In the present review study, the pathogenesis of the virus, the virus immunopathology, and the balance between immune responses and oxidative stress are discussed. Also, in this review, due to the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, some of the most important antioxidant agents whose therapeutic effects have been shown in improving many viral infections, ARDS, and acute lung injury, are recommended to improve the patient’s condition infected with SARS-CoV-2. Besides, the recent COVID-19 clinical studies in this field are summarized in this review article. According to these studies, melatonin through promoting sleep quality, decreasing vascular permeability, reducing anxiety, and regulating blood pressure; vitamin C through decreasing the mortality rates and the requirement for mechanical ventilation; glutathione through decreasing respiratory distress in the pneumonia of COVID-19 patients; and high selenium levels could improve the COVID-19 patients’ clinical outcomes.
The Effects of Oral Silver Nanoparticles and Propolis on the Level of Lipid Peroxidation in Male Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Piri Hossein , Mohammadi Zahra ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Aali Ehsan ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Hadi Hosseini Seyed Amir ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Naderi Yazdan ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Gheibi Nematollah ,   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Oxidative stress is a leading factor in developing silver nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of oral prescription of different doses of silver nanoparticles and propolis on lipid peroxidation in male Wistar rats. Methods: The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group and three different treatment groups with oral prescription of 30 ppm, 60 ppm, and 60 ppm of silver nanoparticles with 200 mg/kg of propolis. The serum level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) assay using Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA). Results: The serum level of MDA as a marker of lipid peroxidation in the control group was 1.92 mM/mL, and in other groups that received silver nanoparticles (30 ppm, 60 ppm, 60 ppm with 200 mg/kg propolis) were respectively 2.82, 3.83 and 2.62 mM/mL. MDA level also increased at the doses of 30 ppm and 60 ppm compared to the control group and decreased when propolis was prescribed with silver nanoparticles in the third group; however, its value did not reach the level of the control group. Minimal levels of serum lipid peroxidation were observed when silver and propolis nanoparticles were administered to male rats. Conclusion: The mixture of silver nanoparticles and propolis reduces the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles; it preserves and increases the efficiency of this compound in medical applications.
The Role of Sex, Perceived Pain, and Illness Perceptions in Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Seirafi Mohammad Raza , Namjoo Sarah ,   Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Sabet Mehrdad ,   Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: In the “treating to target” strategy for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) management, “cognitive” beyond “physical” measures allow a more comprehensive assessment. Objective: This study reported a predictive analysis of patients on disease activity and the degree to which these predictions could be uniquely attributable to Illness Perception (IP), pain, and sex differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis aged 18 to 65 years old, selected via convenience sampling. Measurements were done using Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints (DAS28), patient’s Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for perceived pain. Data were analyzed applying Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients and Multiple Stepwise Regression (MSR). Results: In correlation analysis, the sex- Disease Activity association (0.40, P<0.01) and Pain-Disease Activity association (0.54, P<0.01) were found. Additionally, we observed stronger and significant associations between IPQ-R subscales and disease activity [Identity (r=0.53, P<0.01) personal control (r=-0.40, P<0.01) and emotional representation (r=0.36, P<0.01)]. Regression analysis showed that sex differences were a not significant predictor and perceived pain and three IPQ-R items (identity, personal control, and emotional representation) emerged as the strongest predictors (P<0.001). Conclusion: Disease activity was predicted by pain and three illness perception items. By identifying the components affecting Disease Activity, the therapist can adjust complementary treatment according to patients’ needs.
A Comprehensive Study of Human Serum Albumin Interaction With Trimethoprim Using Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Methods: An Appropriate Tool for Drug Delivery Systems
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Salehi Mitra , Shariatifar Hanifeh ,   Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Ghanbari Johkool Morteza ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Farasat Alireza ,   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is one of the most prominent proteins in human blood. Trimethoprim (TMP) is an efficient antibiotic drug for treating pneumocystis pneumonia. Patients with HIV/AIDS and cancer are highly affected by this disease due to immune system deficiency. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation of HSA with TMP for drug delivery systems. Methods: In the first step, the 3D structure of HSA and TMP were determined by PDB (Protein Data Bank) and PubChem, respectively. Then, the molecular docking was done via AutoDock Vina software, and the best complex was selected based on the lowest binding energy. Finally, the structural characteristics of the above complex were evaluated. Results: The results showed that TMP binds to the HSA molecule with a binding energy of -7.3 kcal/mol, and this binding causes changes in the third and second structures of the HSA. Thus, Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMSD) and radius of gyration results proved the third structural change, and the results obtained from DSSP (Database of Secondary Structure assignment for all Protein entries) confirmed the second structural modification. The TMP-HSA complex formation is accompanied by hydrophobic interaction between residues of Tyr150, Ala291, His288, Leu238, Leu219, Lys199, Lys195, Glu153, and TMP. The TMP molecule had two hydrogen bonds with Arg222 residue and three with Ser192. Furthermore, the final PDB file of the MD simulation process showed that the TMP molecule reacted with HSA (IIA chain). Conclusion: Because of the extensive application of TMP in infectious diseases and appropriate interaction with HSA, the complex could be used for the purposeful transport of nanoparticles in the future.
Impact of Smoking on the Mortality of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Hashemipour Sima , Gheraati Maryam ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Badri Milad ,   Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Rastgoo Nafiseh ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Shokri Aref ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Esmaielzadeh Sohrab ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Esmaielzade Khadijeh ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Published: March 2022

Background: There are inconsistent data about the association of smoking with the prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This inconsistency is so huge that some investigators have suggested some protective roles for smoking against COVID-19 disease. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the association of smoking with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 493 adult patients with COVID-19 disease. Other underlying diseases, clinical and laboratory findings, and mortality rates were compared between smoking and non-smoking patients using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients was 6.1%. Clinical complaints and disease severity at admission were similar between smokers and non-smokers. Leukocyte count and blood sugar were higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (P=0.003, P=0.018, respectively). The rate of ICU admission and days of hospitalization were comparable between smokers and non-smokers. However, smokers had a significantly higher mortality rate than non-smokers (36.7% vs 13.8%, respectively, P=0.001). After adjusting for significantly different variables in univariate analysis, smoking was associated with a 3.78 times higher mortality rate (OR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.48-9.67, P=0.005). Conclusion: Smoking is an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Comparing Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shirani Fatemeh , Shahbazian Amir Masoud ,   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Razi Solmaz ,   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Changes in patients’ Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is one of the problems in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which can be due to the use of corticosteroid drugs to reduce patients’ symptoms or the aging process in patients. Objective: In this study, we decided to compare BMD in patients with psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This study as a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed to evaluate BMD in patients with psoriatic arthritis (n=59) and rheumatoid arthritis (n=41) who were referred to Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran between 2016 and 2020. All patients were assessed by bone density scan (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry or DEXA scan) to determine T-score at the two spine and femur sites. Results: In rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis groups, the Mean±SD spine T-score was -1.11±0.18 and -1.38±0.48, respectively, which did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.556). Similarly, in the two groups with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, the Mean±SD femur T-score was -1.36±0.17 and -1.78±0.61, respectively, which did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.451). Considering the underlying parameters, including age, sex, and duration of the disease, the lack of differences in the values of spine and femur T-scores between the two groups was still evident. Conclusion: The change in BMD was equal in both rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis that is not affected by gender, age, or duration of disease.
Wound Healing by Semelil: A Structured Review With a Focus on Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors:   Department of Infectious Diseases, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Makarem Saeideh , Farzam Seyed Saeed ,   Department of Cardiology, BouAli Sina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical of Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Allami Abbas ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Among the various non-invasive treatment modalities used for the improvement of DFUs healing, topical herbal therapies are regaining an increasing body of interest. In this report, the authors review the literature and discuss wound healing with a focus on DFUs with Semelil. In this Structured review, we searched for articles published between 2008 and 2021, in the international and national databases with keywords “Melilotus officinalis”, “Semelil”, “Angipars”, and “diabetic foot ulcer”, “wound management”. Eligible articles (n=26) were identified according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review showed no complications with the application of Semelil and consensus on the positive effects of the found medication. In summary, our review showed that Semelil may be a valuable non-invasive treatment for wound healing in DFUs patients and reduces the wound size for four weeks without major adverse side effects.
The Mediating Role of Meaning in Life in the Relationship Between Psychological Resilience and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Zarei Salman
Published: March 2022

Background: The current outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has distorted the physical, mental, and psychological condition of healthcare workers. There is a paucity of research exploring the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms and no existing literature examining the mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship between these two constructs. The objective of the study was to examine if meaning in life mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Methods: The research design was descriptive – correlational. A total of 337 healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in public hospitals in Tehran, Iran were selected using convenience sampling method. The self-administered questionnaire included demographic information, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R). Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to test whether the proposed relationships between variables involved existed. Results: The results showed that psychological resilience (β= -0.09, P<0.05) and meaning in life (β= -0.41, P<0.01) exert significant and negative direct effect on post-traumatic stress symptoms. The SEM analysis confirmed the mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms was significant (β= -0.15, P<0.01). Conclusion: The research concluded that psychological resilience and meaning in life of healthcare workers affected their psychological conditions. Efforts to reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms among healthcare workers may benefit from practices for promoting psychological resilience and meaning in life.
Information Resources Trust and Self-Care Behaviors in Prevention of COVID-19 Among Health Workers in Gonabad, Iran
Authors:   MD. Community Medicine Specialist, Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran., Ziaee Maliheh , Khajavi Abdoljavad ,   MD, EMBA, PhD in Health Services Management, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran., Najafzadeh Alireza ,   Medical student, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran., Tavakolizadeh Mitra ,   MSc of Nursing. Clinical Research Development Unit, Behlool Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran., KarkonShayan Sepideh ,   Medical student, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Today, information resources play of paramount importance role in providing information and public awareness. COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease and general precautions and identifying the factors influencing the self-care behaviors play an important role in the prevention of the disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship between trust in information resources and self-care behaviors in the prevention of COVID-19 disease on faculty members, staff, or students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences between May and April 2020. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted on 192 persons of faculty members, staff, or students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences between May and April 2020. The sampling method was census We used a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess our goals. Data on demographic variables, information resources trust and self-care behaviors to them were collected using online self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, using Chi-square and Pearson correlation test . Results: in this study of whom 60.2% were male. The mean age was 24.18±7.97 years (range of 18 to 59). The highest levels of trust in the information resources about COVID-19 were related to articles (37.8%) and faculty information (22.2%), and the lowest ones were related to national media (27.3%) and satellite channels (25.5%). The quality of self-care behavior in females was significantly higher than males (p = 0.018). There was no significant relationship between the level of trust in any of the information resources and the quality of self-care behaviors in the prevention of COVID-19 (p>0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, there was no significant relationship between the level of trust in information resources and the quality of self-care behaviors to prevent COVID-19and further investigations are needed to find possible associated factors.
Relationship Between the Use of Mobile-Based Social Networks and the General Health Among Employees in the South of Iran
Authors:   Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Noroozi Farzaneh , Ghahremani Leila ,   Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Kaveh Mohammad Hossein ,   Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Nazari Mahin ,   Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: One of the most challenging aspects of today's technology is mobile social networking which has had a different effect on the health and social life of individuals. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of mobile-based social networks and general health. Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional correlation study was done on 295 staff of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2018 -2019. The data was collected using the general health and social networking addiction questionnaires. A random sampling method was used to select the participants. Descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis via the SPSS V. 24 software. Results: Of two hundred ninety-five participants 153 (51.7%) were male and 142 (48.3%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 36.32±6.61years. There is a statistically significant relationship between mean score of social network addiction with demographic characteristics of sex, marital status. There is also a significant relationship between the level of general health and marital status and the amount of daily use of social networking. There is a direct and significant relationship between the amount of use of social networks and general health (P<0.05). Conclusions: It seems that men and single individuals are often reported higher due to their tendency to receive information and news and to have much more leisure times. Given the positive impact of marriage on mental health in most studies, there is a need for more detailed research on the relationship between general health and marriage status.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness in Attention Bias Toward Food in Overweight Individuals
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran., Daryadar Mustafa , Mohammadipour Mohammad ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran., Jajarmi Mahmoud ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: The increased overweight and obesity levels have been a major concern in current situations. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of a mindfulness intervention on the attentional bias toward food in overweight individuals. Methods: The statistical population in this study consisted of overweight individuals with Body Mass Index (BMI) higher than 25, referred to centers related to weight management in Mashhad. 36 samples were selected using convenience sampling based on inclusion-exclusion criteria and were placed in two experimental and control groups randomly. The method used in this study was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The repeated measures were undertaken by SPSS Software Ver. 22 for attentional bias toward food. The test was done in three 7-week pre-intervention and post-intervention phases of mindfulness and follow-up for three months after the end of the intervention. Results: The results of data analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the reaction time of participants to the food Emotional Stroop Test. Conclusion: This result showed the significant effect of a mindfulness intervention on the attentional bias toward food in overweight individuals.
Some Recommendations to Change Lifestyle Against Covid-19 Disease Based on Recently Proven Effects of the Disease: A Mini-Review
Authors:   Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Abouee-Mehrizi Amirreza
Published: March 2022

Background: Some studies identified the health effects of COVID-19 disease, but they are not sufficient to control it. This study was designed to recommend some possible useful acts in daily life to protect people against COVID-19) based on the various effects of the disease on human life, which have been proven in previous studies. Method: Google Scholar, PubMed, and World Health Organization (WHO) website databases in the English language were used without any time limit to collect data. Result: COVID-19 disease could induce adverse effects on biological health, psychosocial health, working, and economic life directly or indirectly, all of which affect each other. Based on previous studies, this study proposed some control strategies to reduce some of the harmful effects of COVID-19 disease on the individual and social life of humans. Increasing work shifts, reducing risky behaviors, improving psychological well-being, and using more natural and home-cooked meals are some suggested control strategies for COVID-19 disease. This study determined different effects caused by COVID-19 and recommended some solutions to prevent and control COVID-19 disease. Conclusion: The current study showed that applying prevention methods in lifestyle could be more effective than regarding COVID-19 disease.
The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus With Five-Year Survival Rate of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors:   MSc of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Sharifi Nasab Marjan , Yazdimoghaddam Hamideh ,   Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Operating Room Department, Faculty of Paramedics, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Mohaddess Seyedeh Tahereh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Rakhshani Mohammad Hasan ,   Assistant Professor, Ph.D in Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and epidemiology, Iranian Research Center on Health Aging, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi Kazem ,   Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Paramedics, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy leading to death across the world. However, patient survival is greatly affected by making a diabetes diagnosis. The present study aimed to assessment the association between diabetes mellitus with five-year survival rate of breast cancer patients at the cancer treatment centers. Methods: This Retrospective follow‐up study was conducted on diabetic women with breast cancer. This Retrospective follow‐up study was conducted on 534 women with breast cancer, who had been diagnosed during 1999-2013 referred to cancer treatment centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Demographic and clinical data of patients were collected through questionnaires in these centers searching the patient's available medical files. Notably, the patients were selected via systematic random sampling and also the five-year survival of the patients was assessed during the follow-up period up to 2018. Results: In the breast cancer patients, the diabetes prevalence was 12.7%. Of note, the mean and median of five-year survival were 9.95 and 13, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the survival rate of the diabetic and non-diabetic patients (95% CI: 0.431-1.334; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.758; P=0.34). The survival time was increased in the patients receiving metformin as a treatment protocol (95% CI: 0.226-0.950; HR: 0.5; P=0.04). Conclusion: Based on the results, training diabetic patients in regard to risk factors of the breast cancer and effective therapies in controlling hyperglycaemia that need to screen in the early diagnosis of breast cancer are essential to improve health and increase survival rate in diabetic patients.
Brief Report: The Effect of Health Hardiness on Fear of Covid-19 in Nurses: Investigating the Mediating Role Tolerance of Emotional Distress
Authors:   Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan university of medical sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Ramak Nahid , Bazgouneh Adine ,   Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran., Ghasempour Elahe ,   Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran., Sadeghkhani Zeinab ,   Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Khanian Eshaqh Sam ,   Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Bibak Farshid ,   Department of Psychology, Sanandaj Center, Payame Noor University, Sanandaj, Iran., Sangani Alireza ,   Department of Cultural Psychopathology, Farabi Psychological Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Nurses have the most communication with patients with Covid-19 disease who are always afraid of the disease and its consequences. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigating the effect of health hardiness on fear of Covid-19 in nurses with the mediating role tolerance of emotional distress. Methods: The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 351 female nurses of Imam Khomeini and Taleghani hospitals in Urmia in the spring of 2021. According to the target population, 205 nurses were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table and according to the available method. In this study, the fear of Covid-19 questionnaire of Ahorsu et al. [2020], the health hardiness questionnaire of Gebhardt et al. [2001] and the emotional distress tolerance questionnaire of Simons and Gaher [2005] were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results: The findings showed that health hardiness and tolerance of emotional distress are involved in fear of Covid-19. Also, according to the values ​​obtained from [effect], health hardiness have an effect of -0.364 on Fear of Covid-19 and tolerance of emotional distress -0.178 have an effects on Fear of Covid-19 [p≤0.01]. Health hardiness on Fear of Covid-19 with the mediating role of Tolerance of emotional distress has an effect equal with -0.528. Conclusion: This study showed that cognitive factors in proportion to emotional factors have a greater effect in fear of Covid-19 in nurses.
It is Divine Punishment for our sins”: Knowledge and Perception of the Cause, Symptoms, and Mode of Transmission of the COVID-19 Disease Among Local Traders in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., Omobowale Olubukola , Fowotade Adeola ,   Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., Iyanda Temiloluwa ,   Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: March 2022

Background: Access to correct information can influence the formation of the right attitude towards mitigating the spread of the COVID-19 disease. Many individuals in Nigeria have taken up non-scientifically approved practices in a bid to protect themselves from the virus. The aim of this study was to assess the source of information, and knowledge of cause and mode of transmission of the COIVD-19 disease among local traders in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional study of local traders from two densely populated markets in Ibadan was conducted using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 2016, and were presented in frequency tables and charts. Chi-square test was used to test for association. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 321 traders; 27.4% of which were males and 72.6% females were recruited into the study. Mean age was 39.4±11.8 years, radio (93.5%) and television (75.7%) were the most commonly used sources of information, 65.8% believed COVID-19 was a result of divine punishment for sins, majority (95.3%) reported that COVID-19 was spread through personal contact with infected persons. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of cause and age (p=0.004), as well as between knowledge of cause and marital status (p=0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant association was observed between knowledge of transmission and level of education (p=0.012). Conclusion: Even though they have access to adequate information, people may not take proper actions to protect themselves and others from contracting the COVID-19 disease. Reinforced health promotion strategies that pay attention to the local contexts and perspectives of community members should be taken across board.
Compression of Antibacterial Effect of Some Herbal Mouthwash Containing Oak Extract: Review Paper
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Babadi Fatemeh , Rezaeifar Kosar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives The aim of this present study is to review the effects of antibacterial properties of oak fruit, inner husk of oak fruit, and Jaftex mouthwash. Subjects and Methods The present study is a narrative literature review conducted using electronic databases such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex from 1995 to 2019. The keywords that were searched included “Oak fruit”, “Oak tree”, “Jaftex mouthwash”, “Antibacterial”, “Antimicrobial”, and “Microorganism”. Results Review of previous studies showed that oak fruit, Jaft, and Jaftex mouthwash have antimicrobial properties against different microorganisms. Jaftex mouthwash significantly reduced number of microorganisms in mouth, however it had less antimicrobial effect compared to chlorhexidine. Jaftex had a greater inhibitory effect on bacterial growth than Matrica and Persica. Conclusion Oak fruit and Jaft have antibacterial properties which is related to presence of phenols, tannin, proteins. Various studies confirmed antibacterial property of these types of plants. The antibacterial characteristics of Jaftex mouthwash is mainly related to Jaft extract. Jaftex is recommended as an antibacterial mouthwash.
A Survey Study on Safety and Environmental Health Condition of Andika City Schools
Authors:   Department of Nursing, School of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran., Geravandi Sahar , Dastoorpour Maryam ,   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Goudarzi Gholamreza ,   Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Karimi Fatemeh ,   Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Mohammadi Mohammad javad ,   Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives Optimal physical space and mental environment are the most important factors in achieving the good level of educational quality. A healthy environment and a safety education play an important role to prevent diseases and accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and environmental health condition of Andika city schools and its comparison with national standards. Subjects and Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 40 schools from all Andika city schools. In this study, first Raw data processing by the use of Excel software (instruction set correction of temperature and pressure, averaging, coding). In final stage estimated of the safety and environmental health condition of Andika city schools with used data processed. Results Based on result, 77.8% of urban and 80.6% of rural schools had access to safe drinking water. In 55.6% of urban schools and 22.6% of standard rural schools the number of abutments was observed. The minimum required area per student is met in 100% of urban schools and 83.9% of rural areas. According to result this study, in 77.8% of urban schools and 35.5% of standard rural schools the number of toilets was observed. The standard of toilets was observed in 44.4% of urban and 29% of rural schools. In 44.4% of urban schools and 35.5% of rural schools, wastewater disposal methods were used according to health standards. Resul of study showed that 44.4% of urban schools and 74.2% of rural schools had health conditions. Conclusion Findings showed that the safety and environmental health condition of schools has an effective role in efficiency and raising the level of education.
Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Conventional and Photo Stimulable- Phosphor Periapical Radiography in Internal Root Resorption Lesions
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.., Sharifi Shoshtari Sanaz , Esfandiari Fatemeh ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives Internal Root Resorption (IRR) occurs in pulpchamber and canals of the tooth and results in desolation of around dentin. Regarding to important role of early diagnosis of IRR in prognose and treatment plan of the teeth and also limitations of intraoral technics in early detecting of these lesions, in this study we evaluated the accuracy of PSP in diagnosis of these lesions. Subjects and Methods We split 70 single root premolar teeth mesiodistalyand made artificial IRR in 35 teeth. The rest of them used as control group PSP and Conventional radiography captured from all teeth. IRR existence or not was considered in PSP and Conventionalradiographies of each tooth. Results PSP has complete agreement in all cases with reality but Conventional radiography in some cases particularly in 1/3 apical lesions of the root has moderate accuracy with reality and its results diden’t have considerable differences with reality. Conclusion Regarding to this study, has higher accuracy for PSP than Conventional radiography in detecting Internal root resorption lesions particularly in apical sites.
The Frequency of Optimal Glycemic Control After Adding Sitagliptin on Treatment Regimen of Patient With Type 2 Diabetic
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Rashidi Homeira , Boustani Fatemeh ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Sedaghat Alireza ,   Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-I) including sitagliptin is a new therapeutic class of oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs for T2DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of glycemic control after adding sitagliptin on treatment regimen of patient with type 2 diabetic. Subjects and Methods This cross-sectional study conducted on 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus referring to diabetes clinic of Imam Hospital, Ahvaz in 2019-2020. Sitagliptin (100 mg/day) was added to the preexisting therapy for type 2 diabetes (metformin / metformin + gliclazide / metformin + insulin). Therapeutic effects and glycemic control (Changes in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level) after 3 months of treatment were compared with the baseline. Results The result of this study showed that after 3 months of treatment the level of FBS, BS-2h and HbA1C in 3 groups were significantly reduced compared with before treatment (P<0.0001), but the patients weight in the three groups were not significantly changed (P=0.568). There was no significant difference in the frequency of glycemic control between the patients treated with different concomitant drugs (P=0.501). The results revealed that patients younger age (P=0.041), shorter disease duration (P=0.021) and with higher HbA1c levels at baseline (P<0.0001) were likely to show more decreased in HbA1c levels. Conclusion Our study shows that sitagliptin (in combination with different type of treatment regimens) has the potential to improve glycemic control and prevent hypoglycemia and weight gain, and can be considered a useful drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Increased Levels of Spinal Cord KIF1B Protein In Healthy and Diabetic Neuropathic Wistar Rats With in Adaptation to Aerobic Training (KIF1B Changes in Sensory Neurons After Exercise)
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran, Moghadam Zeynab , Rezaee Shirazi Reza ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran., Shariatzadeh Joneydi Mohammad ,   Sport Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Asgharpour Habib ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran., Rahmati Masoud ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes and no suitable drug treatment has been found for this complication. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of aerobic exercise on KIF1B protein in the sensory part of the spinal cord in rats with diabetic neuropathy. Subjects and Methods In the present experimental study, 12 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: healthy exercise, control exercise, healthy diabetes and control diabetes. The training program included 6 weeks of running training on the treadmill in 5 sessions per week. The dorsal part of the spinal cord was analyzed as sensory neurons. Results The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced blood glucose in the diabetic group compared to the control diabetes group (P=0.002), but no significant difference was observed in the weight of rats. The results also showed that a significant increase (P=0.044) in KIF1B in healthy exercise group compared to healthy control group and a significant increase (P=0.027) in KIF1B in diabetic exercise group compared to control diabetes. Conclusion The results showed that aerobic exercise increases the amount of KIF1B protein in healthy and diabetic rats, and this increase in KIF1B motor protein can improve axonal transmission and thus improve nerve function.
The Effect of Ganoderma Supplementation and Selected Exercise Training on Glycemic Control in Boys With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors:   Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Ghalavand Akbar , Saki Hossein ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran., Nazem Farzad ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran., Khademitab Nasim ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, Behzadi nezhad Hafez ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Takestan Branch,Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran, Behbodi Mohsen ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran., Zeighami Fatemeh ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of regular exercise training and Ganoderma supplementation on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Subjects and Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 40 boys with type 1 diabetes were selected and divided into 4 groups: 1) exercise, 2) supplement, 3) exercise & supplement 4) control. Exercises included 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each training session included selected exercises training. Ganoderma lucidum consumption for daily consumption of 20 grams of a brewed drink was consumed. Fasting blood sampling was performed 48 hours before and 72 hours after the intervention. Results A significant decrease was observed in 2Hour Post Prandial Glucose in the exercise & supplement group compared to the control group (P=0.018). Also Significant decrease was observed in HbA1c level in exercise (P=0.031) and exercise & supplement (P=0.043) compared to the control group. Conclusion According to the results, it can be said that combined exercise training can play an important role in the management of blood sugar in type 1 diabetes and the use of Ganoderma can increase the effectiveness of exercise in blood glycemic control along with exercise training.