bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies and scenarios of CSRF attacks against the CAPTCHA forms
Authors: Moradi Hossein , Moghaddam Hossein Kardan
Published: January 2015

In this article, weâ€™ve tried to examine the hypothesis of the robustness of a form by using CAPTCHA against CSRF and login CSRF attacks. Our investigations showed that unlike public opinion, common attacks to bypass CAPTCHAs such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and 3rd party human attacks are not applicable in the CSRF case and instead, Clickjacking is the most important scenario of CSRF and login CSRF attacks against a secure session-dependent CAPTCHA form. Remember that the Clickjacking is also applicable to bypass the well-known CSRF protections, such as the secret token and the Referer header. Therefore, although the frequent application of CAPTCHA on every page of a website negatively impacts the user experience, but the robustness of a robust session-dependent CAPTCHA against the CSRF and login CSRF attacks is almost the same as the session-dependent security token. Moreover, when a website is using a session-independent or week pattern of CAPTCHA, attackers can bypass the CAPTCHAs and launch the CSRF or login CSRF attacks by using XSS, session hijacking, replay attacks or submitting a random response.
Good and Bad Times of Social Innovations: The Case of Universal Basic Income in Finland
Authors: Koistinen Pertti , Perkiö Johanna
Published: January 2015

This article draws on innovation and agenda-setting theories to identify critical points in the realization of basic income in Finland. Our empirical data comprise 13 models of either unconditional basic income or social security reform proposals with some similarity to basic income. The models examined were published in Finland between 1984 and 2011. Using these data, we build a conceptual framework that enables us to discuss the role of the content, players, political and macro-economic context, and public interpretations in the successes and failures of the basic income initiatives.
Volume of confidence ellipsoid: a technique for quantifying trunk sway during stance
Authors: Kutilek Patrik , Cakrt Ondrej , Socha Vladimir , Hana Karel
Published: January 2015

The position of the trunk can be negatively affected by many diseases. This work focuses on a noninvasive method of quantifying human postural stability and identifying defects in balance and coordination as a result of the nervous system pathology. We used a three-degree-of-freedom orientation tracker (Xsens MTx unit) placed on a patient’s trunk and measured three-dimensional (3-D) data (pitch, roll, and yaw) during quiet stance. The principal component analysis was used to analyze the data and to determine the volume of 3-D 95% confidence ellipsoid. Using this method, we were able to model the distribution of the measured 3-D data (pitch, roll, and yaw). Eight patients with degenerative cerebellar disease and eight healthy subjects in this study were measured during stance, with eyes open and eyes closed, and statistical analysis was performed. The results of the new method based on the 3-D confidence ellipsoid show that the volumes related to the patients are significantly larger than the volumes related to the healthy subjects. The concept of confidence ellipsoid volume, although known to the biomechanics community, has not been used before to study the postural balance problems. The method can also be used to study, for example, head and pelvis movements or alignments during stance.
The Empower project – a new way of assessing and monitoring test comparability and stability
Authors: De Grande Linde A.C. , Goossens Kenneth , Van Uytfanghe Katleen , Stöckl Dietmar , Thienpont Linda M.
Published: January 2015

Manufacturers and laboratories might benefit from using a modern integrated tool for quality management/assurance. The tool should not be confounded by commutability issues and focus on the intrinsic analytical quality and comparability of assays as performed in routine laboratories. In addition, it should enable monitoring of long-term stability of performance, with the possibility to quasi “real-time” remedial action. Therefore, we developed the “Empower” project.

The project comprises four pillars: (i) master comparisons with panels of frozen single-donation samples, (ii) monitoring of patient percentiles and (iii) internal quality control data, and (iv) conceptual and statistical education about analytical quality. In the pillars described here (i and ii), state-of-the-art as well as biologically derived specifications are used.

In the 2014 master comparisons survey, 125 laboratories forming 8 peer groups participated. It showed not only good intrinsic analytical quality of assays but also assay biases/non-comparability. Although laboratory performance was mostly satisfactory, sometimes huge between-laboratory differences were observed. In patient percentile monitoring, currently, 100 laboratories participate with 182 devices. Particularly, laboratories with a high daily throughput and low patient population variation show a stable moving median in time with good between-instrument concordance. Shifts/drifts due to lot changes are sometimes revealed. There is evidence that outpatient medians mirror the calibration set-points shown in the master comparisons.

The Empower project gives manufacturers and laboratories a realistic view on assay quality/comparability as well as stability of performance and/or the reasons for increased variation. Therefore, it is a modern tool for quality management/assurance toward improved patient care.
Regularizing properties of the twisted Kähler–Ricci flow
Authors: Guedj Vincent , Zeriahi Ahmed
Published: January 2015

Let X be a compact
Kähler manifold. We show that the Kähler–Ricci flow (as well as its twisted versions) can be run from an arbitrary positive closed current with zero Lelong numbers and immediately smoothes it.
Codimension 1 Mukai foliations on complex projective manifolds
Authors: Araujo Carolina , Druel Stéphane
Published: January 2015

In this paper we classify codimension 1 Mukai foliations on complex projective manifolds.
Usefulness of the SNP microarray technology to identify rare mutations in the case of perinatal death
Authors: Hoeffding Louise K. , Kock Kirsten F. , Johnsen Iben G. , Hansen Thomas , Werge Thomas
Published: January 2015

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray technology has emerged as a powerful tool to screen the whole genome for sub-microscopic duplications and deletions that are not detectable by traditional cytogenetic analysis.

Case: We report a case of a female twin born at 27th week of gestation who died 1 day after birth whereas the co-twin survived without complications. The case twin was referred to our unit for autopsy, and in addition we performed an SNP microarray analysis.

Results: Three copy number variants (CNVs) were identified by the SNP microarray analysis. The most interesting CNV in relation to the clinical phenotype (pulmonary immaturity) was a disruption in the gene ST6GALNAC3 (1p31.1) that is involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides.

Conclusions: It is unknown from this case report whether the CNV at 1p31.1 contributes to a genetic predisposition that is related to maturation of the lungs or the perinatal death of one of the twins. However, disruptions in the biosynthesis of gangliosides have been previously associated with premature death in mice.
Pre-grading of spruce logs containing frozen and unfrozen water by means of frequency-based nondestructive testing (NDT)
Authors: Denzler Julia K. , Weidenhiller Andreas
Published: January 2015

The possibility for pre-grading of logs throughout the year has been evaluated based on dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn or simplified E
dyn) by means of frequency-based nondestructive testing (NDTfreq). The challenge is that E
dyn is variable in the frozen, partly frozen, and unfrozen states of logs (state of matter). In the unfrozen state, NDTfreq is reliable if the moisture content does not fall below fiber saturation. The state of the matter was tested via temperature measurements of air and log by means of an infrared technique and sensors, and information was evaluated from NDTfreq. The temperature measurements proved to be inefficient for industrial application because of unreliable data and long measurement times, whereas the NDTfreq measurements allowed the determination of meaningful damping factors. A sufficient level of predictability for more than 60% of the measurements was found. The log measurements in the partly frozen state are inconclusive because E
dyn data fluctuate in the presence of both liquid and frozen water. For the completely frozen logs, a correction is introduced as a precaution that avoids an overestimation of E
dyn in the unfrozen state.
Modification of acid hydrolysis lignin for value-added applications by micronization followed by hydrothermal alkaline treatment
Authors: Krutov Stepan M. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Ipatova Elena V. , Santos Sonia A.O. , Sazanov Yurii N.
Published: January 2015

Technical hydrolysis lignin (THL) was micronized by grinding in a rotary-jet mill to obtain a fraction of approximately 5 mm. Both initial and milled THLs were liquefied by thermal alkaline treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Upgraded THLs that were nonmilled (L1) and milled (L2) were desalted by treatment with cation-exchanged resin and were dried. Micronization affected the course of hydrothermal alkaline treatment and the structure and composition of the obtained lignin. Thus, L2 contained much less concomitant polysaccharides and extractives than L1 and was more condensed. The molecular weights of L1 and L2 were 1100 and 1000 Da, respectively, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characterization carried out by employing tandem electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that small amounts of β-O-4 (∼6 mol.%), β-5, and β-β structures still remained in L1 and L2. Overall, upgraded lignins are oligomers (trimers-pentamers) with highly degraded propane chains and possess polyconjugated condensed aromatic structures. Upgraded THL seems to be a promising raw material for polymeric formulations.
Synthesis and antifungal activity of dehydroabietic acid-based thiadiazole-phosphonates
Authors: Chen Nai-Yuan , Duan Wen-Gui , Liu Lu-Zhi , Li Fang-Yao , Lu Min-Ping , Liu Bu-Ming
Published: January 2015

In search of new potent bioactive compounds, a series of dehydroabietic acid-based thiadiazole-phosphonate compounds were designed and synthesized by the Mannich-type reaction. All target compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, 31P NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The preliminary bioassay experiments showed that, at the concentration of 50 μg ml-1, some of the target compounds exhibited excellent antifungal activity against the five fungi tested, in which several compounds displayed even better antifungal effects than the commercial antifungal drug azoxystrobin, which served as the positive control in this study.
Surface Functionalization and Magnetic Motion of Hydrophobic Magnetic Nanoparticles with Different Sizes
Authors: Li Fagen , Wu Wei , Ning Aifeng , Wang Jun
Published: January 2015

A facile and general strategy was successfully developed for the surface modiﬁcation of hydrophobic Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with various sizes (4–17 nm). The results show that the magnetic and hydrophobic properties are sensitive to the nanoparticle size. For example, the contact angle (CA) of the sample increases as the particle size increases. Using these surface modification techniques allowed the coating of water droplets with highly hydrophobic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to form magnetic liquid marbles through a mechanical method. The behavior of these liquid marbles under the action of a magnetic field revealed that their potential value in electronic, biomedical, self-cleaning, and biochemical applications.
Towards Production of γ-valerolactone via Hydrogenation of Aqueous Levulinic Acid
Authors: Huang B.T. , Leveneur S. , Zamar T. , Mikkola J.P. , Taouk B.
Published: January 2015

Synthesis of GVL (γ-valerolactone) via hydrogenation of aqueous LA (levulinic acid) with H2 over heterogeneous catalyst (Ru/C) was investigated. In the first part, a study of the influence of various operating conditions was conducted including that of temperature (90–180°C), stirring rate (500–1200 rpm), catalyst loading (0.1–2.0 g), hydrogen pressure (0.4–2.8 MPa) and initial LA concentration (0.5–2 M). In the second part, influence of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) on hydrogenation rate and GVL yield were investigated. Hydrogenation of aqueous LA under scCO2 and under N2 atmosphere was carried out in batch reactor at 150°C and was compared with the case when no additional gases were present. The result indicated that the use of scCO2 had no beneficial effect neither in terms of LA conversion nor hydrogenation rate when the amount of hydrogen was relatively low compared to the stoichiometry. This effect was mitigated when more hydrogen was present.
Crony Capitalism in Egypt
Authors: Chekir Hamouda , Diwan Ishac
Published: January 2015

The paper studies the nature and extent of Egyptian “crony” capitalism by comparing the corporate performance and the stock market valuation of politically connected and unconnected firms, before and after the 2011 popular uprising that led to the end of President Mubarak rule. First, we identify politically connected firms and compare the corporate behavior of connected and unconnected large firms before 2011 in terms of their levels of debts, market share, and tax payment. Second, we conduct an event study around the events of 2011 and estimate the market valuation of political connections. Third, we attempt to decompose the extra value that the market attributes to political connections between a current profitability advantage, and future advantages that include higher growth opportunities and (implicit) bail-out guarantees.
An inverse source problem for a damped wave equation with memory
Authors: Šeliga Lukáš , Slodička Marián
Published: January 2015

Inverse problem of identifying the unknown spacewise dependent source f(x) in a nonlinear damped wave equation with a memory term is investigated. The missing coefficient f(x) is reconstructed from the final time observation
u(x,T) = ψ
T
(x). Uniqueness of a solution to the inverse source problem is proved. We also propose a Landweber-type algorithm for reconstruction. Convergence of approximations towards the exact solution is established for a linear equation.
Performance Analysis of Advanced Modulation Formats at 40 Gbit/s for Single Channel and Multichannel
Authors: Badhan Neha , Sharma Neeraj
Published: January 2015

This paper compares the effects of amplified spontaneous emission and
Discovering prominence and its role in language processing: An individual (differences) approach
Authors: Alday Phillip M. , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina
Published: January 2015

It has been suggested that, during real time language comprehension, the human language processing system attempts to identify the argument primarily responsible for the state of affairs (the “actor”) as quickly and unambiguously as possible. However, previous work on a prominence (e.g. animacy, definiteness, case marking) based heuristic for actor identification has suffered from underspecification of the relationship between different cue hierarchies. Qualitative work has yielded a partial ordering of many features (e.g. MacWhinney et al. 1984), but a precise quantification has remained elusive due to difficulties in exploring the full feature space in a particular language. Feature pairs tend to correlate strongly in individual languages for semantic-pragmatic reasons (e.g., animate arguments tend to be actors and actors tend to be morphosyntactically privileged), and it is thus difficult to create acceptable stimuli for a fully factorial design even for binary features. Moreover, the exponential function grows extremely rapidly and a fully crossed factorial design covering the entire feature space would be prohibitively long for a purely within-subjects design. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of parameter estimation in a short experiment. We are able to estimate parameters at a single subject level for the parameters animacy, case and number. This opens the door for research into individual differences and population variation. Moreover, the framework we introduce here can be used in the field to measure more “exotic” languages and populations, even with small sample sizes. Finally, pooled single-subject results are used to reduce the number of free parameters in previous work based on the extended Argument Dependency Model (Bornkessel-Schlesewsky and Schlesewsky 2006, 2009, 2013, in press; Alday et al. 2014).

Multimedia: OpenSesame experiment and Python support scripts, sample stimuli, R scripts for analysis
Hidden complexity – The neglected side of complexity and its implications
Authors: Bisang Walter
Published: January 2015

Linguistic complexity is the result of the two motivations of explicitness and economy. Most approaches focus on the explicitness-side of complexity (overt complexity) but there is also an economy-oriented side to it (hidden complexity). The aim of the paper is to introduce hidden complexity and to show how it opens new perspectives on central issues of linguistics. It will discuss the following questions: (i) the implementability of hidden complexity for psycholinguistic experiments, (ii) the evolution of linguistic complexity, (iii) its realisation in creole languages and (iv) its consequences for theories on the architecture of grammar. With this aim, the paper is a programmatic paper with the intention of pointing out ideas for future research.
The analysis of the suction/injection on the MHD Maxwell fluid past a stretching plate in the presence of nanoparticles by Lie group method
Authors: Cao Limei , Si Xinhui , Zheng Liancun , Pang Huihui
Published: January 2015

In this paper, the magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) Maxwell fluid past a stretching plate with suction/
injection in the presence of nanoparticles is investigated.
The Lie symmetry group transformations are used
to convert the boundary layer equations into non-linear
ordinary differential equations. The dimensionless governing
equations are solved numerically using Bvp4c with
MATLAB, which is a collocation method equivalent to
the fourth order mono-implicit Runge-Kutta method. The
effects of some physical parameters, such as the elastic
parameter K, the Hartmann number M, the Prandtl
number Pr, the Brownian motion Nb, the thermophoresis
parameter Nt and the Lewis number Le, on the velocity,
temperature and nanoparticle fraction are studied numerically
especially when suction and injection at the sheet
are considered.
Demonstration of trivalent actinide partitioning from simulated high-level liquid waste using modifier-free unsymmetrical diglycolamide in n-dodecane
Authors: Nayak P. K. , Kumaresan R. , Chaurasia Shivkumar , Venkatesan K. A. , Subramanian G. G. S. , Rajeswari S. , Antony M. P. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. , Bhanage B. M.
Published: January 2015

Partitioning of trivalent americium from fast-reactor (FR) simulated
high-level liquid waste (SHLLW) has been demonstrated, for the first
time, using a modifier-free organic phase containing an unsymmetrical
diglycolamide,
N,N,-didodecyl-N′,N′-dioctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide
(D3DODGA), in n-dodecane (n-DD). The extraction behavior of
various metal ions present in the FR-SHLLW that contained about
3.2 g/L of trivalent metal ions (Am(III) and
Ln(III)) was studied using a solution of 0.1 M
D3DODGA/n-DD, by batch equilibration mode. The
extraction of Am(III) was accompanied by the co-extraction of
all lanthanides and unwanted metal ions such as Zr(IV),
Y(III), and Pd(II) from FR-SHLLW. The co-extraction of
unwanted metal ions was minimized by adding a suitable aqueous soluble
complexing agents to FR-SHLLW, prior to extraction. As a result,
trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′N′-tetraacetic
acid (CyDTA) was identified as an appropriate reagent for preventing
the extraction of zirconium and palladium, that posed problems during
recovery of trivalent metal ions from the loaded organic phase. The
stripping of behavior of Am(III) and Ln(III) from the
loaded organic phase was studied using dilute nitric acid in batch
equilibration mode. Based on those results, a counter-current
mixer-settler run was performed in a 20-stage mixer-settler. About
99.9% of Am(III), Ln(III) and Y(III)
from FR-SHLLW in 0.1 M D3DODGA/n-DD was
achieved in 20 contacts and the recovery of Am(III) and other
trivalents from the loaded organic phase was achieved in 5 contacts
using 0.01 M nitric acid. The study demonstrated the
possibility of using the modifier-free reagent, D3DODGA, for the
separation of trivalent actinides from FR-SHLLW.
On stationarity of the periodic AGARCH processes
Authors: Lescheb Ines
Published: January 2015

In this paper we will consider the periodic AGARCH(p,q) (Periodic Asymmetric
Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic) process, denoted PAGARCH(p,q). These processes are similar to the standard
AGARCH processes but now include seasonally varying
coefficients. We examine the probabilistic structure of a
PAGARCH-type stochastic difference equation with periodically
varying parameters. We propose necessary and sufficient conditions
ensuring the existence of stationary solutions basing on the top
Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, we examine the necessary and
sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of a unique causal
periodically correlated (PC) solution to our processes.
An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Premixed Laminar Flames of Methyl Pentanoate and Methyl Hexanoate
Authors: Korobeinichev Oleg P. , Gerasimov Ilya E. , Knyazkov Denis A. , Shmakov Andrey G. , Bolshova Tatyana A. , Hansen Nils , Westbrook Charles K. , Dayma Guillaume , Yang Bin
Published: January 2015

Detailed chemical structures of stoichiometric and rich premixed
laminar flames of methyl pentanoate and methyl hexanoate were
investigated over a flat burner at 20 Torr and for methyl
pentanoate at 1 atm. Molecular beam mass spectrometry was
used with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization
for low pressure flames of both methyl pentanoate and methyl
hexanoate, and soft electron-impact ionization was used for
atmospheric pressure flames of methyl pentanoate. Mole fraction
profiles of stable and intermediate species, as well as temperature
profiles, were measured in the flames. A detailed chemical kinetic
high temperature reaction mechanism for small alkyl ester oxidation
was extended to include combustion of methyl pentanoate and methyl
hexanoate, and the resulting model was used to compare computed values
with experimentally measured values. Reaction pathways for both fuels
were identified, with good agreement between measured and computed
species profiles. Implications of these results for future studies of
larger alkyl ester fuels are discussed.
Supramolecular Assembly of Functional Hybrid Fibrils with Peptide-π-System-Peptide Monomers Near Silver-Nanoparticles
Authors: Elsner Christian , Hintzen Daniel , Prager Andrea , Siefermann Katrin R. , Abel Bernd
Published: January 2015

Oligopeptides containing internal π-system units are shown to
self-assemble in water near nanoparticles into fibrillar
nanostructures. We have investigated the biopolymer hybrid monomer of
the overall structure `peptide-π-system-peptide' with the
sequence VDFAG – perylene diimide (PDI) – GAFDV in the presence of
Ag-nanoparticles. Unique to these self-assembling monomers is
the fact that the π-conjugated unit has been directly embedded
within the peptide backbone by way of a special synthetic
coupling. The symmetric peptide-based molecular design enforces
intimate π-π communication within the aggregates after
self-assembly, making these nano structures attractive for optical or
electronic applications. The assembly process can in principle be
followed by the change in optical spectra of the monomer and ordered
monomer π-systems. Here we show that the Ag-nanoparticles
act as seeds for the fibrillation, which
makes the fibrils grow in a defined fashion and the supramolecular
assembly can be followed via the optical spectrum of the plasmon
resonances of the silver nanoparticles, which depend sensitively upon
the local environment, making the optical plasmon resonance spectra
a nice probe for the assembly process, as well as the interaction of
monomers and fibrillar structures in contact with the
nanoparticles. While it has been known that these systems may
aggregate under certain conditions towards nano fibrils the new aspect
here is the controlled and accelerated fibrillation near silver
nanoparticles, which results in fibrils of 15–150 nm in
diameter and up to 10 μm long, partially
incorporating the seed nanoparticles. This approach provides a novel avenue to synthesize bioorganic-hybrid systems
(in high yields) in contact with Ag metal nanoparticles and
possibly enables us to control the location of growth for the materials in
future applications.
Amplitude Variation with Offsets and Azimuths Simultaneous Inversion for Elastic and Fracture Parameters
Authors: Zhaoyun Zong  , Xingyao Yin  , Guochen Wu
Published: January 2015

Azimuthal elastic inversion or AVO/AVA analysis has proven to be effective for fracture description and stress evaluation in unconventional resource plays. Fracture weakness including normal and tangential weakness from linear slip theory bridge the seismic data and fracturing parameters as intermediate parameters. However, the stability of the azimuthal elastic inversion methods available for anisotropic parameters or fracture parameters in field data remains challenging. This study explores a practical azimuthal simultaneous elastic inversion method in heterogeneous medium for fracture weakness estimation. Taking the heterogeneity and anisotropy of fracture media into consideration, and based on perturbation theory and stable phase approximation, the fracture medium can be considered as the superimposition of background medium and perturbation medium, and then the seismic scattering coefficient of fracture media can be derived. This equation establishes the relationship between seismic data and fracture weakness together with elastic parameters like P-wave and S-wave moduli and weaknesses. With this equation, a heterogeneous inversion method is proposed. This method implements the estimation of P-wave and S-wave moduli and fracture weaknesses simultaneously, and the constraint from initial model and multi-iterations enhances the stability of this method. In this approach, the parameters of the perturbation medium are initially estimated, and then they can be superposed to the parameters of the known background medium as the renewal parameters of the background medium in next iteration. We can yield the final estimation of the parameters in heterogeneous medium after several iterations when the last two estimated results are similar. Model test and field data examples verify the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach.
Phenol and Parachlorophenol Removal Using Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Muzher Mahdi Ibrahem Aldoury  , Nadia Nazhat Sabeeh
Published: January 2015

The main goal of the present work is to remove phenol and parachlorophenol from synthetic solution using granular activated carbon (GAC). Two carbon types are used, the first is commercial supplied to Iraqi market by Spanish company (referred to as CGAC) and the second is manufactured using Iraqi waste material, referred to as MGAC. The experiments are performed according to batch and continuous mode (granular activated carbon adsorption column). The results show that both pollutants can be removed and the breakthrough and exhaustion times are proportional with the thickness of GAC and inversely proportional with the inlet pollutants concentration and surface over flow rate (SOR). The results also indicated that adsorption capacity is inversely proportional with SOR and it is directly proportional with the thickness of GAC column and pollutants concentration. MGAC gives better performance as compared with CGAC. In the present work, it is proved that adsorption capacity is a function of the operating conditions, carbon and adsorbent type and it is not pure carbon property. The results indicated also that Langmuir model fit the experimental data fairly.
THE ROLE OF CYTOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL STUDIES IN SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER
Authors: Bahidze E. V. , Kovchur P. I. , Yastrebova A. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This article is devoted to the role of cytological and virological screening in the secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Five hundred and fifty two cases of carcinoma in situ (of cervical cancer) and 1248 cases of invasive cervical cancer over a period of 15 years were analyzed. This period has separated into three stages: I — 1998–2002, II — 2003–2007, III — 2008–2012 years. Cervical cancer morbidity in Karelia is reported to increase tripled from 10.5 to 30.5 causes per 100 thousand women population. The excess incidence has identified among young women in reproductive age including an age group 30 year. It has been noticed that the detection rate of carcinoma in situ was statistically significant increased from 24.34±9.2% in 1998–2002 to 62.8±20.9% in 2008–2012 years. There are three different level regional groups of early cervical cancer detection (0–I–II stage) in the Republic of Karelia. Despite of the fact, that the cervical cancer is increas-ing significantly, there are a good results of its early diagnostics, thanking to the cytological and virological screening in Karelia.
REGIONAL VACCINATION PROGRAM FOR THE PREVENTION OF HPV-ASSOCIATED DISEASES IN THE KHMAO-YUGRA
Authors: Belotsercovtseva L. D. , Mayer Yu. I. , Leskova S. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Unlike other malignancies, only for cervical cancer a viral etiology in all cases has been proved. This evidencing a unique opportunity to prevent this type of cancer by vaccination against HPV. Implementation of preventive vaccination against HPV infection in routine clinical practice will reduce cancer risk in population and decrease the probability of early cervical cancer and other HPV-associated diseases. In 2014 Ugra actively started school vaccination program for teenage of 12 years-girls.
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND HEAD AND NECK CANCER PROGRESSION
Authors: Bychkov V. A. , Urazova L. N. , Nikitina E. G. , Cheremisina O. V. , Chizhevskaya S. Y.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of HPV infection on lymphogenic metastasis and survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. DNA was isolated from tumor tissue and tumor-adjacent normal epithelium of 64 patients with head and neck tumors of different localization. Detection of 12 HPV genotypes was carried out by the PCR using AmpliSens diagnostic kits (Russia). The association between HPV infection and clinical-pathological parameters of the patients was assessed. HPV was detected in tumor tissue and in the surrounding normal tissue in 22% of patients. The most common HPV genotypes were 16 and 51. No association of HPV infection with sex, age, location, TNM stage and differentiation grade was found. The Kaplan Meier method showed a tendency towards the improvement of the overall and recurrence-free survival of HPV-positive patients with head and neck cancer (p = 0.09 and p = 0.12 respectively). The multivariate survival analysis using Cox’s regression model showed that the patient’s age and the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.002) significantly influence on patient survival (p = 0.014 and p = 0.002 respectively).
MECHANISM OF GENESIS OF NEOPLASIA AT DEFEAT OF CERVICAL EPITHELIUM BY HIGH-RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
Authors: Ershov V. A.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The 1044 biopsies from HPV-positive cervical epithelia were tested by cytological, histological, immunomorphological methods and PCR. One of the mechanisms of genesis of cervical cancer is damage of mitotic apparatus owing to association E7 HPV with NuMA 1, leads to infringement of distribution of chromosomes and virus DNA between daughter cells, shown pathological mitosis and integration of virus DNA. Infringements of differentiation of cells at CIN testified to their delay in pre-mitotic phases of cellular cycle unlike SCC which cells, having finished mitosis, are capable to the differentiation, accompanied by infringement of intercellular adhesion and neoanginesis. Genesis koilocytes and the cells of leukoplakia it is caused by defeat HPV basal cells.
THE CHANGES OF OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH PREINVASIVE AND MICROINVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT
Authors: Kovchur P. I. , Bahidze E. V. , Yastrebova A. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The comparative study of immunocompetent cells’ phenotype was performed in patients with the preinvasive and microinvasive cervical cancer before and after the treatment. Besides, the study of importance of selected cellular immunity indices as a predicitive factors of effective surgical treatment in a combination with immunotherapy (the study group) in comparison with a surgical treatment only (the control group) have been conducted. The true numerical normalization of subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocyte has been determined including the expression level of suppressor lymphocytes molecular markers (FOXP3 и TGF-β1) and the expression level of CD95-marker in a study group in comparison with a control group. Moreover, true decrease of HPV (human papillomavirus) — positive patients (1.7%) and the absence of E7 oncoprotein in the study group have been discovered.
CERVICAL NEOPLASIA AND VIRUS LOAD OF HPV 16 GENOTYPE
Authors: Chirsky V. S. , Ershov V. A. , Vyazovaya A. A. , Narvskaya O. V. , Lyalina L. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The 83 biopsies from HPV16-positive cervical epithelial neoplasies were studied by cytological, histological, immunomorphological methods and PCR. At cervical ectopia virus loading changed from 2.49 up to 6.65 lg copies of DNA HPV/105. At CIN II and CIN III the quantity of a virus exceeded 4 lg copies of DNA HPV/105 of cells, at the CIN I, Ca in situ and SCC — 5 lg copies of DNA HPV/105 of cells. At progressing of neoplasia frequency of revealing of clinically significant parameters of virus loading correlated with increase in average values of nuclear perimeter of cells, associated with HPV. At ectopia and LSIL expression of capsid protein L1 testified about virus production. At HSIL and SCC at absence expression L1 HPV high parameters of virus load testified to infringement of life cycle papillomaviruses.
Experiências com a atenção primária associadas à saúde, características sociodemográficas e uso de serviços em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Berra Silvina , Rodríguez-Sanz Maica , Rajmil Luis , Pasarín M. Isabel , Borrell Carme
Published: January 2015

Este estudo avaliou as experiências com a atenção primária à saúde para crianças e adolescentes, considerando níveis de saúde, características sociodemográficas e o uso de serviços de saúde. A Enquete de Saúde de Catalunha de 2006 incluiu uma amostra representativa da população de 0 a 14 anos (n = 2.200). Pessoas adultas informaram suas experiências com a atenção primária à saúde de seus filhos com uma seleção de 17 itens do Primary Care Assessment Tool. Estimaram-se razões de prevalência (RP) de baixa pontuação em seis funções da atenção primária à saúde mediante modelos multivariados. A declaração de doenças crônicas se associou à baixa pontuação no primeiro contato-acessibilidade. Os pais imigrantes declararam pior experiência com várias funções da atenção primária à saúde. As pontuações no primeiro contato-acessibilidade, continuidade da atenção e competência cultural foram mais altas quando as crianças tinham cobertura sanitária dupla e mais baixas quando tinham visitado os serviços de emergência. Melhorias em algumas funções da atenção primária à saúde poderiam reduzir o uso de serviços de urgência e iniquidade.
Assessing ethical and social issues of transtelephonic electrocardiography (TTEGG) in Chile
Authors: Lamas Eugenia , Miguel Silvia , Muehlan Holger , Schmidt Silke , Salinas Rodrigo A.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to focus on the ethical and social issues derived from the implementation of transtelephonic electrocardiography (TTECG) in the public healthcare sector in Chile, studying patients and healthcare providers' acceptance and expectations concerning: (a) TTECG effectiveness and safety; and (b) data protection issues, such as confidentiality, privacy and security. For this purpose, we developed two psychosocial surveys; the first was addressed to patients receiving transtelephonic electrocardiogram (either in the emergency services of hospitals or in distant primary care services) and the second one aimed at healthcare providers involved in either administering and/or interpreting it. Results included: (a) major acceptability of TTECG in terms of safety and security; (b) privacy and confidentiality of the patients were considered to be well protected; and (c) the patient-doctor relationship was not affected by this device.
Dietary patterns of Brazilian adolescents: results of the Brazilian National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE)
Authors: Tavares Letícia Ferreira , Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro de , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Cardoso Letícia de Oliveira , Claro Rafael Moreira
Published: January 2015

The objectives of this study were to identify dietary patterns in Brazilian adolescents, describe their distributions in Brazil's State capitals and Federal District, and analyze the correlations with the Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M). The study analyzed a sample of 60,954 ninth-graders from public and private schools who participated in the National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2009. Cluster analysis was used to characterize dietary patterns. Three patterns were identified: healthy (27.7%), unhealthy (34.6%), and mixed (37.7%). Adolescents in the country's Southeast, South, and Central West regions showed a higher proportion of the healthy eating pattern. HDI-M showed a positive correlation with the healthy pattern and a negative correlation with the mixed pattern. The identification of different dietary patterns within and between regions and according to HDI-M highlights the need for better knowledge of each local context in terms of both the magnitude of events and the examination of determinants within these different realities.
Suporte para uso de evidências de pesquisa nas Américas através do "one-stop shop" eletrônico: EVIPNet VHL
Authors: Moat K. A. , Lavis J. N.
Published: January 2015

Desde a publicação do World Report on Knowledge for Better Health em 2004, ocorreu uma transformação no campo da política da saúde e em pesquisa de sistemas, resultando numa ênfase crescente sobre o suporte para evidências de pesquisa no processo decisório. Foi identificada a necessidade de "one-stop shops" eletrônicos abrangentes que facilitem a recuperação oportuna de evidências no processo decisório. O relatório destaca a EVIPNet VHL, um projeto recém-criado que foi desenvolvido para atender a necessidade de repositórios eletrônicos de evidências relevantes para apoiar os esforços de translação de conhecimento nas Américas, contribuindo assim para o fortalecimento de sistemas de saúde na região.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth defects in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Nicoletti Dilvania , Appel Leilane Droppa , Siedersberger Neto Pedro , Guimarães Gabriel Waihrich , Zhang Linjie
Published: January 2015

This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth defects in children. We performed an electronic search of observational studies in the databases ovid MEDLINE (1950 to April 2010), LILACS and SciELO. We included 188 studies with a total of 13,564,914 participants (192,655 cases). Significant positive associations were found between maternal smoking and birth defects in the following body systems: cardiovascular (OR: 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.19), digestive (OR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.07-1.30), musculoskeletal (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.16-1.39) and face and neck (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.19-1.37). The strength of association between maternal smoking and birth defects measured by the OR (95%CI) is significantly related to the amount of cigarettes smoked daily (χ2 = 12.1; df = 2; p = 0.002). In conclusion, maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with congenital malformations in children and this association is dose-dependent.
Fraturas de fêmur em idosos no Brasil: análise espaço-temporal de 2008 a 2012
Authors: Soares Danilo Simoni , Mello Luane Marques de , Silva Anderson Soares da , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi , Nunes Altacílio Aparecido
Published: January 2015

Fraturas de fêmur em pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos (idosos) representam um grande impacto para a saúde pública, e estão associadas à elevada morbimortalidade e grandes custos socioeconômicos. Buscou-se descrever temporal e espacialmente os casos de fratura de fêmur em idosos de todas as regiões do país, por sexo, em um período de cinco anos. Foram realizadas descrições de série temporal e espacial bayesiana, baseadas em dados obtidos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS), empregando modelo de regressão de Poisson, sobre os casos ocorridos entre os anos de 2008-2012. No período estudado ocorreram mais de 181 mil casos de fratura de fêmur, predominando o sexo feminino, sem correlações espaciais e diferenças temporais importantes. Apesar de não se observar predomínio de comportamento temporal e espacial, o número de casos de fratura de fêmur no Brasil é alto e com grandes custos financeiros e sociais. Políticas públicas de saúde visando a controlar os fatores predisponentes para esse evento devem ser urgentemente implementadas.
Saúde na Agenda de Desenvolvimento pós-2015 das Nações Unidas
Authors: Buss Paulo Marchiori , Magalhães Danielly de Paiva , Setti Andréia Faraoni Freitas , Gallo Edmundo , Netto Francisco de Abreu Franco , Machado Jorge Mesquita Huet , Buss Daniel Forsin
Published: January 2015

O artigo examina a presença da saúde como Ob-jetivo do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) na Agenda do Desenvolvimento pós-2015, no processo transcorrido entre 2012 e 2014. Presente desde a Cúpula do Milênio e os ODM (2000), a saúde também aparece nos documentos que tratam da Agenda pós-2015, da Rio+20 ao documento do Grupo de Trabalho Aberto das Nações Unidas (OWG), submetido à Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas (AGNU) 2014-2015, passando pela Con-sulta Global sobre Saúde e o Painel de Alto Nível de Pessoas Eminentes. Os autores concluem pela uniformidade com que a saúde aparece nestes documentos. Identificam a amplitude do enunciado do ODS Saúde, mas alertam para o fracionamento e redução conceitual de suas metas. Propõem mudanças nas mesmas, acrescentando a questão dos determinantes sociais da saúde e metas em saúde pública, ausentes na proposta do OWG. Alertam para a necessidade de reformas na governança global e nacional, bem como para a participação da sociedade civil e da influência que pode exercer sobre a diplomacia, responsável pelo pacto que será firmado na AGNU de 2015.
Rendimento de carcaça e qualidade da carne de codornas de corte alimentadas com rações de diferentes níveis de proteína e suplementadas com aminoácidos essenciais
Authors: Pinheiro Sandra Regina Freitas , Dumont Mariana Almeida , Pires Aldrin Vieira , Boari Cleube Andrade , Miranda Jéssica Amaral , Oliveira Renata Gomes de , Ferreira Cátia Borges
Published: January 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes níveis de proteína bruta e a suplementação de aminoácidos essenciais sobre o rendimento de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de peito de codornas de corte dos 28 aos 42 dias de idade. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (19, 21, 23, 25, 27% PB), cinco repetições e 12 aves (seis fêmeas e seis machos) cada. Aos 42 dias de idade, quatro aves de cada parcela foram abatidas e avaliadas quanto ao rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ) e resfriada (RCF), de peito (RP), de coxa e sobrecoxa (RCS), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC), cor e luminosidade e maciez objetiva (MO) do músculo. Observou-se efeito dos níveis de PB em todas as variáveis, exceto para CRA e luminosidade da carne de peito. Dessa forma, conclui-se que 19% de PB e a suplementação de aminoácidos essenciais na ração de codornas de corte seja satisfatório para o rendimento de carcaça, de peito e de qualidade da carne.
Volatile profile of yellow passion fruit juice by static headspace and solid phase microextraction techniques
Authors: Braga Gilberto Costa , Prado Adna , Pinto Jair Sebastião da Silva , Alencar Severino Matias de
Published: January 2015

The profile of volatile compounds of yellow passion fruit juice was analyzed by solid phase microextraction headspace (HS-SPME) and optimized static headspace (S-HS) extraction techniques. Time, temperature, NaCl concentration and sample volume headspace equilibrium parameters was adjusted to the S-HS technique. The gaseous phase in the headspace of samples was collected and injected into a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. In the HS-SPME technique was identified 44 volatile compounds from the yellow passion fruit juice, but with S-HS only 30 compounds were identified. Volatile esters were majority in both techniques, being identified ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, (3z)-3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl acetate, hexyl butanoate and hexyl hexanoate. Aldehydes and ketones were not identified in S-HS, but were in HS-SPME. β-Pinene, p-cymene, limonene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-ocimene, γ-terpinene, α-terpinolene and (E) -4,8-dimethyl-1, 3,7 - nonatriene terpenes were identified in both techniques. This study showed that the S-HS optimized extraction technique was effective to recovery high concentrations of the major volatile characteristics compounds in the passion fruit, such as ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate, which can be advantageous due to the simplicity of the method.
Parasitism and biological aspects of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Erinnyis ello (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) pupae
Authors: Barbosa Rogério Hidalgo , Kassab Samir Oliveira , Pereira Fabricio Fagundes , Rossoni Camila , Costa Daniele Perassa , Berndt Maykon Avalo
Published: January 2015

Erinnyis ello is one of the main pests of the cassava crop, and its natural enemies including egg, caterpillar, and pupal parasitoids. The aim of this study was to evaluate parasitism and biological aspects of Tetrastichus howardi on E. ello pupae. In general, parasitism and emergence of T. howardi on E. ello pupae was 64%. Cycle duration (egg to adult) of T. howardi on E. ello pupae was of 20.12±0.15 days at 25±2°C, 70±10% relative humidity, and 14-h photophase. The progeny of T. howardi by E. ello pupae was of 466±0.44. Longevity of T. howardi females and males was of 15±0.57 and 12±0.93 days, respectively. The sex ratio was of 0.95±0.06, and the ratio of females per female was 44±0.45. T. howardi parasite and develops on E. ello pupae.