bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN RURAL POVERTY AFTER POLAND’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Chmielewska Barbara , Zegar Józef Stanisław
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to assess changes in the risk of poverty in European Union Member States and the extent of poverty in rural areas and farming households after Poland’s accession to the EU. The above aspect was consid- ered against the background of urban residents and other so- cioeconomic groups of households. The study was based on EU-SILC, Eurostat and CSO data. For a comparative assess- ment across EU countries, the poverty and/or social exclusion risk index was used. For a comparative assessment of rural and urban areas, the following basic poverty thresholds (as es- timated by the Central Statistical Office), were used: extreme poverty (subsistence minimum), relative poverty and statutory poverty. Despite the high level of socioeconomic development in the European Union, the risk of poverty or social exclusion is widespread and varies strongly across countries, regions and social groups. In Poland, rural areas are more affected by poverty than urban areas, mainly because rural households have lower incomes than urban households. The risk of pov- erty in the EU has declined. After the accession to the EU, Poland has experienced a decrease in the extent of poverty. This positive change was the combined result of many factors, mainly including an increase in incomes of the farming and rural population. In Poland, income disparities between rural and urban residents and between farm and landless families have decreased. Reducing poverty and social exclusion is one of the most important goals of the EU social policy.
İki farklı tip tahribatsız portatif klorofil metre kullanarak Artvin’de yayılış gösteren sapsız meşede (Quercus, Fagaceae) klorofil tahmini
Authors: DEMİRALAY Mehmet , SADIKLAR Murat Sabri , TİLKİ Fahrettin
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada, SPAD-502Plus ve CCM-300 adlı optik klorofil
içerik ölçer cihazlarından elde edilen klorofil içerik değerleri ile %80 aseton
ile klorofil ekstraksiyon metodundan elde edilen klorofil içerik değerleri
arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, sapsız meşenin, Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.
subsp. iberica (Steven ex Bieb.)
Krassiln. alt türü üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Rakımı 889 m olan önceden
belirlenmiş bir alandan benzer özelliklere sahip 11 ağaç seçilmiş, sağlıklı
toplam 44 yaprak üzerinde ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapraklara ait SPAD,
CFR (klorofil floresans) değerleri ve %80 aseton ile klorofil ekstraksiyonu
devamında yapılan spektrofotometrik okumalar sonucunda elde edilen bulgular
ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçümler sonucunda, her üç ölçüm tipi (SPAD, CFR
ve %80 aseton metodu) sonuçlarının kuvvetli ilişki sergilediği tespit
edilmiştir. Elde edilen SPAD ve CFR değerlerinin %80 aseton ile ekstraksiyon
metodundan elde edilen verilere dönüştürülmesi amacıyla regresyon analizleri
ile çeşitli eşitlikler oluşturulmuştur. Bu eşitlikler kullanılarak, SPAD ve CFR
değerlerinin, kimyasal metodla tespit edilmiş klorofil içerik değerlerine
dönüşümü mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu meşe türü için, birim alan
başına yaprak toplam klorofil konsantrasyonu, SPAD (R2=0.9367) ve
CFR (R2 = 0.8702) okumaları arasındaki ilişkinin, taze ağırlık
başına yaprak toplam klorofil konsantrasyonuna göre (SPAD (R2 =
0.8264) ve CFR (R2 = 0.7847)) daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Bu sonuçlara göre, bu optik cihazları kullanarak, tercihen birim alan başına
(mg cm-2), yaprak toplam klorofil içeriği çok kısa sürede ve
kolaylıkla yapraklara zarar vermeden belirlenebilir.
Plasmodium SYBR Green assay v1
Authors: Verzier Lisa , Drought Laura
Published: January 2019

This drug assay was adapted from van Schalkwyk et al. (2017). In this protocol, we take as an example an assay where chloroquine and mefloquine sensitivity are tested for 6 different P. knowlesi strains. In order to faciliate calculations, we provide different spreadsheets that you can edit to adapt for your purposes.
Hücresel Otomata Tabanlı İkili Sınıflandırma
Authors: Peldek Serkan , Becerikli Yaşar
Published: January 2019

Bu
çalışmada lineer olmayan hücresel otomatlar ikili örüntü sınıflandırmada
kullanılmıştır. Hücresel otomatlar ilk olarak günümüz bilgisayar mimarisinin
çalışma prensiplerini belirleyen Von Neumann tarafından biyolojik canlıların
kendini yenileme yeteneklerini modellemek için önerilmiştir. Hücresel otomatlar,
ızgara düzlemindeki hücrelerin etrafındaki hücrelerle etkileşime bağlı durum
güncelleme mantığına dayanan hesaplama modeline sahiptir. Hücresel otomatlar
üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda bazı durumların diğer durumlarla dinamik bir
etkileşim içerisinde olduğu gözlemlendi. Bu durumlar diğer durumları etrafında
toplayan ve çekim merkezi formunda hareket eden davranışlar sergiliyorlardı.
Çekim merkezi formunda hareket eden durumlara cezbedici durum(veya cezbedici
kap) adı verildi. Cezbedicilerin dinamik davranışları, bir örüntünün diğer
örüntüleri çekmesi olarak ele alınması hücresel otomatların örüntü tanıma ve
sınıflandırmada kullanma potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hücresel otomata
tabanlı ilk örüntü tanıma yöntemleri XOR ve XNOR mantığına göre durum
güncellemesi yapan kurallar kullanan lineer yöntemlerdir. Daha sonra lineer
yöntemlerin kısıtlarını aşmak için lineer olmayan yöntemler geliştirilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada cezbedici durumların nitelenmesi için erişilebilirlik ağacı
tabanlı lineer olmayan yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Cezbedici durumlar farklı veri
setleri üzerinde ikili sınıflandırma amacı ile kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlar daha önce yapılan hücresel otomata tabanlı örüntü tanıma yöntemleri ve
diğer yöntemlerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Identificación de conflictos de uso de suelo para la planificación del crecimiento urbano: ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua (México)
Authors: Maldonado-Marín J.D. , Alatorre-Cejudo L.C. , Sánchez-Flores E.
Published: January 2019

Esta investigación incorpora nuevas formas de análisis para la planificación y desarrollo urbano en Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua (México), aportando elementos de referencia mediante la identificación de zonas con potencialidad y limitaciones para el uso de suelo urbano, así como para las actividades agrarias y de conservación. El objetivo general fue identificar los principales conflictos entre los usos y coberturas de suelo para determinar las áreas de mayor aptitud territorial para el crecimiento de la ciudad. Para este propósito se utilizó el modelo Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) con el fin de entender el significado espacial del estatus de las políticas de uso de suelo, incluyendo los patrones urbanos probables asociados con las tendencias agrarias y de conservación. En el caso de estudio se estima un total de 149.139 habitantes para el año 2030, lo que representa la necesidad de 392,42 hectáreas adicionales para albergar el crecimiento poblacional. Para ello de las 16.272,21 hectáreas que tiene el límite de población, el 38% se asignaron a la categoría de agraria, el 11,95% a suelos de conservación y el 49,67% a suelo urbano (incluyendo el área urbana existente). Existe una porción importante del área que se encuentra en conflicto entre los diferentes usos de suelo. Se concluye que la integración de un modelo de resolución de conflictos de cobertura y uso de suelo representa una solución práctica que contribuye a la mejora de los procesos de planificación del desarrollo urbano.
Mapping impact of intense rainfall on a high-severity burned area using principal component analysis
Authors: Francos M. , Pereira P. , Úbeda X.
Published: January 2019

High-severity wildfires have a major impact on soil properties. Moreover, recently burned areas are highly sensitive to intense rainfall events. However, little is known about the impact of extreme rainfall on the relationship between soil properties and their spatial distribution. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of an intense rainfall event on soil properties and their spatial distribution in a small area using principal component analysis (PCA). The variables studied were aggregate stability (AS), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), inorganic carbon (IC), C/N ratio, calcium carbonates (CaCO3), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (P), extractable calcium (Ca), extractable magnesium (Mg), extractable sodium (Na) and extractable potassium (K). Each PCA (before and after intense rainfall event) allowed us to extract five factors. Factor 1 in the pre-intense rainfall event PCA explained the variance of EC, available P, extractable Mg and K; factor 2 accounted for TN, SOM (high loadings), IC and CaCO3 (low loadings); factor 3 explained AS, extractable Ca and Na; and, factors 4 and 5 accounted for C/N and pH, respectively. Factor 1 in the after intense rainfall event PCA explained the variance of TN, SOM, EC, available P, extractable Mg and K (high loadings) and pH (low loading); factor 2 accounted for IC and CaCO3; factor 3 explained extractable Ca and Na; factor 4 accounted for AS; and, factor 5 for C/N. The results showed that the intense rainfall event changed the relationship between the variables, strengthening the correlation between them, especially in the case of TN, SOM, EC, available P, extractable Mg and extractable Ca with AS. In the case of the pre-intense rainfall event PCA, the best- fit variogram models were: factors 1 and 2 – the linear model; factors 3 and 4 – the pure nugget effect; and, factor 5 – the spherical model. In the case of the factors after intense rainfall event PCA, with the exception of factor 5 (spherical model), the best fit model was the linear model. The PCA score maps illustrated a marked change in the spatial distribution of the variables before and after the intense rainfall event. Important differences were detected in AS, pH, C/N IC, CaCO3, extractable Ca and Na.
Metodología de evaluación del riesgo de incendios forestales y priorización de tratamientos multifuncionales en paisajes mediterráneos
Authors: Alcasena-Urdíroz F.J. , Vega-García C. , Ager A.A. , Salis M. , Nauslar N.J. , Mendizabal F.J. , Castell R.
Published: January 2019

En las regiones mediterráneas, el efecto combinado del éxodo rural, la falta de gestión forestal y las políticas de supresión de incendios han contribuido notablemente en el aumento de la carga y continuidad de los combustibles forestales sobre extensas áreas. El resultado es una creciente incidencia de incendios forestales que supera la capacidad de extinción. Debido a una limitada disponibilidad de recursos económicos para la gestión del paisaje, resulta necesario priorizar la protección de los bienes con una expectativa de pérdida elevada y el tratamiento del combustible en puntos estratégicos para contener los incendios que impactan en núcleos urbanos. Este estudio se desarrolla en el Valle de Juslapeña (Navarra, España) para demostrar la priorización de actuaciones en la gestión de combustibles. En el área de estudio, los frecuentes y grandes incendios forestales han causado notables daños en el patrimonio forestal y los bienes de las comunidades rurales. Primero, se generó la cartografía de riesgo de incendios para los bienes de elevado valor, a continuación, se diseñó el mosaico óptimo de tratamientos dentro de la cuenca de exposición  en base a la exposición de las masas arboladas y la transmisión a viviendas residenciales. A su vez, se identificaron los rodales capitalizados en existencias donde las extracciones podrían abastecer las necesidades de la población local o costear parcialmente el coste de los tratamientos. Según se observa, las mayores pérdidas se obtuvieron en las viviendas localizadas al sur del área de estudio debido a su elevada probabilidad de quema. Los incendios iniciados fuera del área de estudio también afectaron a las viviendas residenciales y, por tanto, la extensión de los planes de gestión de incendios debe ser ajustada considerando el origen y la escala del riesgo en los núcleos urbanos. La metodología que se presenta en este estudio puede ser adaptada a la gestión multifuncional de cualquier otra región mediterránea con un elevado riesgo de incendios
A study to evaluate the prognostic significance of thrombocytopenia among critically ill children
Authors: Mundkur Suneel C. , Upadhyay Ranjani , Hebbar Shrikiran A. , Kini Pushpa , Bhaskarananda Nalini , Shashidhara Sowmya
Published: January 2019

Background: Pediatric critical care differs from Adult critical care not only in age but also in the outcomes. There are no studies regarding thrombocytopenia in the pediatric population. Therefore, in the current study, our objective was to study the prevalence and, the severity of thrombocytopenia, clinical features, and prognostic significance of low platelet count as an independent predictor of mortality and prolonged hospital and ICU stay.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at tertiary care paediatric intensive care unit in India. Children between 1 month to 18 years admitted to the Pediatrics intensive care unit with thrombocytopenia due to any cause at admission were involved in the study. Detailed history was documented. Haemoglobin levels, total leucocyte counts, platelet counts, and platelet indices were recorded on the first and fourth day of admission. Outcomes were analysed in term of survivors and non-survivors and duration of ICU and hospital stay.Results: The study group consisted of 150 children with mean age of 8.458(± 5.604) years. Majority of children in the study group had severe thrombocytopenia 77 (51.3%). Moderate and mild thrombocytopenia was seen in 35(23.3%) and 38(25.4%) children respectively. Infection (50.66%) was the most common cause of thrombocytopenia, followed by sepsis (10.66%). Sepsis (27.5%) was observed to be the most common cause of mortality. Rise in platelet count on the fourth day among survivors, and no survivors were observed in 79.1% and 15.9% respectively.  Failure of the rise in platelet count on the fourth day of admission was significantly associated with mortality (p value=0.001). The severity of thrombocytopenia does not correlate with duration of hospital and ICU stay.Conclusions: Platelet counts and indices at the time of admission to a critical care unit have limited use as a prognostic marker for predicting mortality in children.
Una alternativa a Stata: usando R para estimación de Modelos de Regresión
Authors: Morales Oñate Bolívar Efraín , Jiménez-Mosquera Carlos , Mendéz Paúl
Published: January 2019

RegUtils es un paquete implementado para el entorno y lenguaje de programaci ón R, que contiene un conjunto de funciones destinadas a facilitar el uso de este software como una alternativa al software comercial Stata para la estimación de Modelos de Regresión. Las funciones aquí implementadas, están pensadas para facilitar la migración de modelos estimados en Stata al software R, utilizando una sintaxis en muchos sentidos equivalente a la de los comandos de Stata, pero que al mismo tiempo sea compatible con paquetes relevantes de R y los paradigmas de programación en R.
Construcción y operación de una cámara anaeróbica de bajo costo para la siembra y el cultivo de bacterias sulfato reductoras
Authors: Zambrano-Romero Aracely , Herrera-Moreno Nelson , Trueba Gabriel , Sierra-Álvarez Reyes , León-Reyes Antonio , Ochoa-herrera Valerio
Published: January 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio fue construir y operar una cámara anaeróbica no costosa para el cultivo de bacterias sulfato reductoras (BSRs) en muestras ambientales de lodos. Una vez construida la cámara, las condiciones anaeróbicas al interior de la cámara fueron evaluadas a través del monitoreo de la concentración de oxígeno y la temperatura. En la cámara anaeróbica se alcanzaron las condiciones de anaerobiosis (< 0,1% O2) y la temperatura requerida (30ºC) para el cultivo de las BSRs. A continuación, se cultivó en placa (en un medio selectivo) cuatro muestras diferentes de lodo que fueron incubadas, contadas y microscópicamente observadas. Los resultados por cultivo en placa fueron comparados con los de contaje directo en cámara de Neubauer. Habiéndose demostrado que las condiciones ambientales en la cámara son las adecuadas para el cultivo de microorganismos anaeróbicos estrictos, las BSRs también fueron observadas mediante microscopía. En base a los resultados obtenidos por cultivo en placa y por recuento en cámara de Neubauer se determinó que no hubo diferencias significativas en la muestra de suspensión bacteriana, a diferencia de las muestras de lodos. Si bien es cierto que el cultivo de microorganismos demanda tiempo, esta técnica sigue siendo útil y confiable para el conteo microbiano. Finalmente, la cámara anaeróbica construida permite el cultivo de microorganismos anaeróbicos estrictos como las BSRs, responsables de la bioprecipitación de metales.
A critical review of Oscar Niemeyer's Design Process
Authors: Hiroki Juliana , Rozestraten Artur
Published: January 2019

The new technologies of today's world, applied in the perceptive and creative processes, bring the need to rediscover the role of representations in both, academic and professional, areas of architecture. Therefore, this article seeks to understand and demystify Oscar Niemeyer’s (1907-2012) design process, one of the most renowned Latin American architects in the world and known for his peculiar design process - distinguished by consisting only of sketches and texts, but, as this research reveals, also by physical models - and his broad professional activity, which accompanied the variations occurred in architectural production in Brazil and in the world, between the years 1940 and 2010
2-Chlorobenzoylthiourea-modified MCM-41 for Drug Delivery
Authors: EMEN Fatih Mehmet , DEMİRDÖĞEN Ruken Esra , AVŞAR Göktürk , KILIÇ Derya
Published: January 2019

Mesoporous 2-Chlorobenzoylthiourea-modified MCM-41
was prepared and loaded with ibuprofen in a supercritical carbon dioxide (sC-CO2)
environment. 2-chloro-benzoythiourea modified MCM-41 was prepared
and also characterized via XRD, FT-IR, SEM and BET techniques. The (100) and (110) reflections
observed at low angle XRD show the mesoporous SiO2 structure. The
paticule size of non-uniform spheres were observed at a range of 250-305 nm. BET
surface areas were calculated as 1506 m2 / g for MCM-41 and 306 m2/g
2-chloro-benzoythiourea
modified MCM-4, respectively. The absorption and
releasing studies of ibuprofen were caried out in simulated body fluid. The
result revealed that high adsorption capacity for drug with 2-chloro-benzoythiourea
modified MCM-41 and slower drug release rate was achieved.
Ankle brachial index measurement in first-line health care: A simple and inexpensive but very valuable method
Authors: AKBULUT Birkan
Published: January 2019

Aim: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects more than 30 million
people in the World. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is a simple method to detect
PAD. Patients are referred to vascular surgery department with prediagnosis of
PAD, but many of them are mis-diagnosed. The aim of this study was to determine
the importance of ABI in first-line health care. Material and Methods: From December 2017 –
November 2018;  108 patients were
referred from first-line health care units to our department. Patients were
analyzed retrospectively regarding risk factors, ABI and real diagnosis. Results: 24 patients (22,22%) were diagnosed PAD. Mean ABI in PAD
and non-PAD patients was 0.545±0.193 and 0.996±0.093, respectively.

Conclusion: The  use of ABI
measurement in first-line health care could avoid the mis-diagnosis of PAD and
related loss of time and additional costs.
Simple distraction method for ankle arthroscopy
Authors: CİVAN Osman , CAVİT Ali , ÜRGÜDEN Mustafa
Published: January 2019

Ankle arthroscopy has been a
frequently used procedure in settings such as osteochondral lesions of the
talus (OLT), anterolateral ankle impingement, arthroscopic-assisted arthrodesis
and removal of loose bodies. Tibiotalar joint is a joint too narrow for camera
entry or using instruments. Therefore, these procedures, particularly the
treatment of the OLT, requires a non-invasive and simple method of distraction
more suitable to obtain a clear visualization. In this technical note, we aimed
to describe a novel, easy to install and useful non-invasive distraction method
designed to meet these requirements in anterior ankle arthroscopy under
operating room conditions.
The prognostic role of fragmented QRS complex in acute myocarditis
Authors: ÜNAL Sefa , YİLMAZ Samet , YAYLA Çağrı , KUYUMCU Mevlüt Serdar , ERBAY İlke , AÇAR Burak , KARANFİL Mustafa , ERTEM Ahmet Göktuğ , DEMİRTAŞ Koray , AKDİ Ahmet , AYDOĞDU Sinan
Published: January 2019

Aim:
Although
a fulminant course of the myocarditis is difficult to predict, it may lead to
acute heart failure and death. Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced
left ventricular systolic function and prolonged QRS duration can predict the
fulminant course. This study aimed to identify whether fragmented QRS complex
(fQRS) could also be predictive of fulminant disease in this population. Material and Methods: We retrospectively included 156 patients diagnosed with acute
myocarditis. They were divided into the fulminant group (n = 18) and the
non-fulminant group (n = 138). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was
used to identify the independent factors predictive of fulminant disease. Results: Fragmented
QRS developed in 11 (61%) in the fulminant group and only 10 patients (7%) in
the non-fulminant group (p <0.001). Patients with fulminant myocarditis had a higher mortality rate
than those with non-fulminant disease (44.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001).
Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of fQRS (p=0.019), longer
Tpe/qt ratio (p=0.022) and clinical heart failure (<0.001) were significant predictors associated with a fulminant course
of myocarditis. 

Conclusion:
The presence of fQRS complex, as a simple and feasible
electrocardiographic marker, seems to be a novel predictor fulminant
myocarditis. This
simpleparameter may be used in identifying patients at high risk for fulminancy
and so early mechanical support could provide
improved patient outcomes.
Analysis of myocardial texture in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction
Authors: ÜNAL Sefa , AÇAR Burak , YAYLA Çağrı , ERTEM Ahmet Göktuğ , TÜFEKÇİOĞLU Omaç , ARAS Dursun
Published: January 2019

Aim: Videodensitometric myocardial texture analysis (VMTA)
has been widely used to investigate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in
various cardiac disorders. Patients with isolated left ventricular
noncompaction (IVNC) experience an undulating decline in LV function. The aim of
this study was to assess the value of VMTA for evaluating deterioration of LV function in this patient group.Material
and Methods: Twenty-two patients with IVNC (10 asymptomatic
[preserved LV function], 12 symptomatic [LV dysfunction]) and 12 healthy
controls were evaluated. Videodensitometry was used to record background-corrected mean gray levels
(BC-MGL) for 2 regions of the mid-basal LV wall (the interventricular
septum [IVS] and the posterior wall [PW]) at end-systole and end-diastole. The
cyclic variation (CV) index for each region was calculated according to the
formula, CV index % = ([BC-MGLend-diastole – BC-MGLend-systole]
÷ BC-MGLend-diastole) × 100. Results:
The mean IVS-CV index in the symptomatic IVNC group (12.3 ± 4.9%) was significantly lower than the
corresponding findings in the asymptomatic IVNC group (32.3 ± 14.8%,
p < 0.05) and control group (36.6 ± 12.1%, p < 0.001). The mean PW-CV
index in the symptomatic group (15.1 ± 5.5%) was also significantly
lower than the corresponding values in the asymptomatic (27.0 ± 10.4%,
p < 0.05) and
control groups (28.8 ± 10.9%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: VMTA is a practical, useful adjunct to conventional echocardiography for assessing LV
myocardium in patients with IVNC. Detection of reduced CV index values might
predict the early stages of LV deterioration in this group.
Płatne treści w serwisach internetowych polskiej prasy codziennej
Authors: Bogdańska Jolanta
Published: January 2019

Artykuł dotyczy odpłatnych treści w serwisach internetowych polskiej prasy codziennej. Przedstawiono w nim krótką genezę tego zjawiska na krajowym rynku medialnym oraz wyniki analizy płatnych wydań internetowych gazet ogólnopolskich i regionalnych. Analiza objęła zakres występowania systemów opłat za dostęp do publikacji online w segmencie dzienników, modele i zasady płatności, a także rodzaje treści oferowanych czytelnikom za opłatą.
Regulacje prawa karnego w informacyjnych materiałach prasowych
Authors: Łoszewska-Ołowska Maria
Published: January 2019

Problematyka prawa karnego jest stale obecna w materiałach prasowych. Przestępstwo dla mediów to news. A jest nim wtedy, gdy mówimy o czynie konkretnej osoby i równie konkretnej, często niezwykle dramatycznej sytuacji, w jakiej do niego dochodzi. Informacje o obowiązujących przepisach przekazywane są przede wszystkim w kontekście stosowania prawa. Doniesienie o przestępstwie, proces i wyrok to dla mediów okoliczności stanowiące pretekst do podjęcia zagadnień z obszaru prawa karnego. Przekaz ten cechuje m.in. personalizacja, dramatyzacja i natychmiastowość. Zazwyczaj jest on uproszczony i wybiórczy.
Protest song Masters of War Boba Dylana – analiza luhmannowska
Authors: Ostrowski Marek
Published: January 2019

Artykuł interpretuje protest song Boba Dylana Masters of War z perspektywy teorii systemów.
Insurgent Citizenship and Sustained Resistance of a Local Taxi Association
Authors: Matebesi Sethulego Z.
Published: January 2019

A growing body of literature on urban and grassroots social movements is replete with case studies of citizens mobilizing against infrastructural development projects. These mobilizations, known as insurgent citizenship—the participation in alternative channels of political expression—take different forms and have various impacts. An investigation into the case of the mobilizing agenda of the Greater Bloemfontein Taxi Association (GBTA) against using a costly intermodal transport facility in Bloemfontein is aimed at highlighting the often neglected dilemma of how powerless citizens—for example, taxi owners—respond to state hegemony. Theoretically, the article is grounded in the conceptual framework of insurgent citizenship and, empirically, draws on narratives of a range of participants. The findings provide an understanding of the importance of organizational structure and leadership in the sustained insurgent action by the GBTA. It is argued that the insurgent action by the GBTA is produced mainly by—on the one hand—the conflictual relationship between government policies and practices and—on the other hand—grassroots resistance to their exclusionary and marginalizing effects. Furthermore, the findings elucidate that insurgent practice may be driven by neoliberal principles of competition, profit, and entrepreneurship.
The Trolley Problem Revisited. An Exploratory Study
Authors: Rehman Sharaf , Dzionek‑Kozłowska Joanna
Published: January 2019

Recent studies by cognitive scientists demonstrate that people’s choices are more complex than the image provided by rational choice theory, and consistency of choice is not a characteristic to be expected in real-life situations. This exploratory paper attempts to isolate three variables in relation to decision making. Working with a sample (N=70) of university students in the U.S, and using the three variants of the Trolley Problem, the subjects’ responses are used to identify the similarities and differences based on the three dimensions. The participants were asked to respond to three hypothetical situations regarding a runaway trolley. Their decision in the first scenario could save a person’s life or let him be run over by the trolley. In the second scenario, their decision could either let one person die and save five lives or save one life and let five people be killed. These two scenarios require pulling a lever to switch the trolley from one track to another. The third scenario requires pushing an obese person in front of the runaway trolley to stop it from killing five persons. The paper presents the findings on the three variables: gender, age, and relational status.
In Their Own Words: Attributed Causes of Own Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Raison Tatjana , Dutton Donald
Published: January 2019

A review of 20 articles (with a collective N of 16,463) was conducted assessing reasons given by perpetrators for their commission of intimate partner violence (IPV). College, community, and batterer intervention program samples were used. Five studies used Follingstad's (1991) Motivation and Effects Questionnaire to assess reported motivations. This had an advantage in standardizing the definitions of motives, which varied widely in other studies. Perpetrators of IPV, whether male or female, do not describe their motives in gender-political terms. Instead, they describe them in psychological terms, such as anger, frustration, or gaining attention. The most frequently endorsed reasons were anger (68% by women, 47% by men) and gaining attention (53% by women, 55% by men). Self-defense was the least endorsed (7th of seven motives). The implications of this finding for the gender paradigm are discussed.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI KELUARGA
Authors: Zainuri Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Family is the first and foremost environment for a human child. In the family a child is raised, learns the ways of association that he will develop later in the social life environment that is outside the family. In simple terms it can be argued that the function of the family is to stabilize the family situation in the sense of stabilizing the family's economic situation. Then the family functions also educate and maintain the physical and psychological family, including religious life.

Here the role of parents, especially mothers, is very influential on the development of the child. Family education is called primary education because in this environment all human potential is formed and partially developed. There are even some potentials that have developed in family education. Children will grow up to be characterless individuals if they can grow in a characteristic environment, so that the nature of every child born holy can develop optimally. Character education must start from the family to build a noble national personality. To achieve the child's character expected by parents, parenting given by the family to children is closely related to the character of the child in his growth and development. These characters will be carried to adulthood even if they form their own family.

On the contrary, family failure in shaping children's character will result in the growth of a society that has no character. Therefore, every family must have an awareness that the formation of children's character is very dependent on character education at home. Furthermore, Megawangi (2003) mentions that there are at least three basic children's needs that must be met, namely maternal bonding, security, and physical and mental stimulation
“Menos política, mais eficiência”: uma análise sociológica das práticas de auditoria e produção de sentidos morais no campo burocrático
Authors: Brito Simone Magalhães
Published: January 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a experiência moral de auditores e os valores que organizam as práticas de auditoria para compreender, especificamente, como esses valores – centrados no ideal de transparência – informam ou pretendem afetar as disputas na elite do campo burocrático. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, baseada em 17 entrevistas, com auditores de um órgão de controle interno (o Ministério da Transparência e Controladoria-Geral da União-CGU), sobre as políticas de transparência e suas experiências cotidianas de combate aos desvios.
Entre o cuidado e a medicamentalização: os debates sobre “trocar uma droga por outra”
Authors: Vargas Annabelle de Fátima Modesto , Campos Mauro Macedo
Published: January 2019

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa realizada em um CAPSad (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi investigada a operacionalização das políticas públicas de saúde mental, álcool e outras drogas, a partir de seus operadores, os “burocratas de nível de rua”. Busca-se compreender como se efetiva a utilização de medicamentos psiquiátricos no CAPSad, a partir da relação imbricada entre as drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, construída através de observação participante, anotações em diário de campo e entrevistas em profundidade. Os achados no campo de pesquisa apontam para uma incômoda e crescente medicamentalização. A operacionalização do trabalho está fortemente centrada na utilização de medicamentos, relegando o uso das tecnologias leves a um plano de cuidado complementar e não principal.
Transformação da vida de um menino tuyuka no internato salesiano de Pari-Cachoeira: leitura antropológica do internato como uma estrutura total (1970-1979)
Authors: Rezende Justino Sarmento
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do artigo é descrever a vida de um menino tuyuka dentro do processo de educação no internato salesiano de Pari-Cachoeira, no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, AM, no período de 1970-1979. A educação de crianças, adolescentes e jovens indígenas dentro de uma estrutura total transforma-os em indígenas com outros ideais diferentes de seus povos. Os estudos de Erving Goffman sobre estrutura total, os estudos de escritores indigenistas e indígenas sobre a dinâmica de internatos na região do alto rio Negro fundamentam o trabalho.
Educação Boe Bororo
Authors: Ekureu Lauro Lopes Leandro Pariko
Published: January 2019

A Educação Boe Bororo pasar por um momento de introspecção, pois no início do século XX ela teve a instalação da Escola, sitema vigorado pelo Positivismo, herdou até o ano de 2011 a gestão de missionários, a partir de 2012 a gestão passou aos índios bororo de meruri, porém há uma carência de se debruçar nas raízes para construir um sistema educacional realmente que favoreça a formação social bororo, conforme os princípios milenares.
A oralidade como fonte para a escrita das Histórias Indígenas
Authors: Barbosa João Mitia Antunha , Mezacasa Roseline , Fagundes Marcelo Gonzalez Brasil
Published: January 2019

Considerando a forma como a historiografia tem observado a oralidade das sociedades indígenas nos estudos etno-históricos, propomos refletir sobre caminhos teóricos e metodológicos para a escrita das Histórias Indígenas, no que concerne à utilização da tradição oral como fonte de pesquisa histórica. Para tanto, contextualizaremos a emergência do protagonismo indígena na história do Brasil e os debates em torno da oralidade e historicidade desses povos. Debateremos as aproximações entre a história oral e a etnografia através da necessidade de experiências polifônicas em trabalhos acadêmicos. Conclui-se a necessidade de aproximar a história oral da etnografia no que tange aos trabalhos de campo do historiador com populações indígenas. O engendrar-se da história oral e da etnografia no saber-fazer do historiador torna-se instrumento para acessar as histórias indígenas e também possibilita escrevê-la junto dos seus protagonistas indígenas.
O TEXTO EM CENA: DA REPRODUÇÃO À PRODUÇÃO
Authors: Guimarães Geová Bezerra , Campos Sulemi Fabiano
Published: January 2019

Este artigo reflete sobre o ensino da escrita na educação básica. Questionamos a passagem da redação para a produção textual. Para isso, comparamos versões de textos e averiguamos o desenvolvimento da escrita. Fundamentamo-nos no dialogismo bakhtiniano, que compreende o trabalho com a escrita como processo; na reformulação do dizer do outro, ancorado nos postulados de Authier-Revuz (1990; 2004) e Fuchs (1985); e na dinamicidade do trabalho linguístico proposto por Geraldi (2013). Os resultados indicam que o ensino da escrita, a partir de um trabalho reflexivo, pode constituir-se como uma prática exitosa na escola.
Sustainability of Chinese Culture in Moslems Society
Authors: Matondang Saiful Anwar , Butsi Febry I
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Sustainability of ethnic culture in Southeast Asia has made the dramatically growth of ethnic identity. The ethnic revivals already made the increasing of cultural events in public spaces. This research paper sought the cultural sustainability of Chinese in Moslem society of Southaest Asia. A multisited ethnography was conducted in Medan Municipal of North Sumatra and Georgetown Penang, Malaysia to observe the sustained Chinese culture as the symbol of ethnification of Chinese in Moslems society in Southeast Asia region. It found that after 2003 Indonesia already saw the attractive cultural performances of Chinese in public spaces as the continuation of sustainability. In our ethnographic investigation from 2014 -2017, the reshaping of the Chinese identity through sustainability of Chinese culture in Medan Municipality of North Sumatra, and Penang of Malaysia has the high public visibility. Research report showed the continuation of the Chinese rituals and festivals which were accompanied by music instruments of Chinese and theatrical performances. Those have been transformed from self commemorations to be more public; attractions already were moved to public places, not solely in temples or ethnic group surroundings as what commonly found in the past period. It concluded that the sustainability of Chinese culture in public spaces made the Southeast Asia connection among the Chinese groups solidify their identity in this region tightened.
First-Principles Prediction of Skyrmionic Phase Behavior in GdFe$_2$ Films Capped by 4$D$ and 5$D$ Transition Metals
Authors: Jekal Soyoung , Danilo Andreas , Phuong Dao , Zheng Xiao
Published: January 2019

In atomic GdFe$_2$ films capped by 4$d$ and 5$d$ transition metals, we show that skyrmions with extremely reduced diameters of a smaller than 12 nm can occur. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), exchange energy, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy were investigated based on density functional theory. Since DMI and MCA are caused by spin-orbit coupling, they are increased with 5$d$ capping layers compared to films capped by 4$d$ transition metal. We discovered a skyrmion phase by using atomistic spin dynamics simulations at small magnetic fields of $\sim$ 1 T. A ground state that a spin spiral phase is remained even at zero magnetic field for both films with 4$d$ and 5$d$ capping layers.
Coatings Thickness Determination Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Monte Carlo Simulations as an Alternative to the Use of Standards
Authors: Giurlani Walter , Berretti Enrico , Innocenti Massimo , Lavacchi Alessandro
Published: January 2019

X-ray fluorescence is largely employed in the measurement of the thickness of coatings. Despite of its diffusion, the task is not straightforward because of the complex physics involved that results in high dependence on matrix effects. Thickness quantification is in practice accomplished using the Fundamental Parameters approach, adjusted with empirical measurements of standards with known composition and thickness. This approach has two major drawbacks: i) there are no standards for any possible coating and coating architecture and ii) even relying on standards, the quantification of unknown samples requires the precise knowledge of the matrix nature (e.g., in case of multilayer coatings the thickness and the composition of each underlayer). In this work, we describe a semiquantitative approach to coatings thickness measurement based on the construction of calibration curves through simulated XRF spectra built with Monte Carlo simulations.  Simulations have been performed with the freeware software XMI-MSIM.  We have assessed the accuracy of the methods by comparing the results with those obtained by i) XRF thickness determination with standards and ii) FIB-SEM cross-sectioning. Then we evaluated which parameters are critical in this kind of indirect thickness measurements.
Improvement in Diabetic Retinopathy through Protection against Retinal Apoptosis in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rats Mediated by Ethanol Extract of Osteomeles schwerinae C.K. Schneid.
Authors: Kim Chan-Sik , Kim Junghyun , Kim Young Sook , Jo Kyuhyung , Lee Yun Mi , Jung Dong Ho , Lee Ik Soo , kim Joo Hwan , Kim Jin Sook
Published: January 2019

Retinal apoptosis plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common diabetic complication. Currently, the tight control of blood glucose levels is the standard approach to prevent or delay the progression of DR. However, prevalence of DR among diabetic patients remains high. Focusing on natural nutrients or herbal medicines that can prevent or delay the onset of diabetic complications, we administered an ethanol extract of the aerial portion of Osteomeles Schwerinae (OSSCE), a Chinese herbal medicine, over a period of 17 weeks to spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. OSSCE was found to ameliorate retinal apoptosis through the regulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function via inhibition of NF-κB activity, in turn through the downregulation of PKCδ, P47phox, and ERK1/2. We further demonstrated in 25 mM glucose-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) that hyperoside (3-O-galactoside-quercetin), quercitrin (3-O-rhamnoside-quercetin), and 2''-O-acetylvitexin (8-C-(2''-O-acetyl-glucoside)-apigenin) were the active components of OSSCE that mediated its pharmacological action. Our results provide evidence that OSSCE is a powerful agent that may directly mediate a delay in development or disease improvement in patients of DR.
Eruption Scenarios of Active Volcanoes in Indonesia
Authors: Nakada Setsuya , Maeno Fukashi , Yoshimoto Mitsuhiro , Hokanishi Natsumi , Shimano Taketo , Zaennudin Akhmad , Iguchi Masato ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience 3-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government, Yamanashi, Japan,   Graduate School of Environmental and Disaster Research, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan,   Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Bandung, Indonesia,   Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kagoshima, Japan
Published: January 2019

Eruption scenarios were prepared as possible sequences in event trees for six active volcanoes in Indonesia, that are located near populated areas or have erupted in recent years (Galunggung, Guntur, Kelud, Merapi, Semeru, and Sinabung). The event trees prepared here show sequences of possible eruption phenomena without probabilities on branches and cover sequences experienced in historical and pre-historical eruptions based on archives and field research results. Changing magma discharge rates during eruption sequences were considered for the event tree of Merapi. This conceptual event tree can also be used as a short-term event tree in which forecasting the coming eruption became possible with geophysical and geochemical monitoring data. Eruption event trees prepared for selected time windows cannot illustrate all plausible hazards and risks associated with an eruption. Therefore, hazards and risks generated from an eruption should be considered in different domains from the event tree.
Improving Spatial Rainfall Estimates at Mt. Merapi Area Using Radar-Rain Gauge Conditional Merging
Authors: Hambali Roby , Legono Djoko , Jayadi Rachmad , Oishi Satoru ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika No.2 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia,   Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
Published: January 2019

Rainfall monitoring is important for providing early warning of lahar flow around Mt. Merapi. The X-band multi-parameter radar developed to support these warning systems provides rainfall information with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, this method underestimates the rainfall compared with rain gauge measurements. Herein, we performed conditional radar-rain gauge merging to obtain the optimal rainfall value distribution. By using the cokriging interpolation method, kriged gauge rainfall, and kriged radar rainfall data were obtained, which were then combined with radar rainfall data to yield the adjusted spatial rainfall. Radar-rain gauge conditional merging with cokriging interpolation provided reasonably well-adjusted spatial rainfall pattern.
Point-Based Rainfall Intensity Information System in Mt. Merapi Area by X-Band Radar
Authors: Putra Santosa Sandy , Ridwan Banata Wachid , Yamanoi Kazuki , Shimomura Makoto , Sulistiyani  , Hadiyuwono Dicky ,   Balai Sabo, Ministry of Public Works and Housing Balai Sabo, Sopalan, Maguwoharjo, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia,   School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,   RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan,   Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Kyoto University, Kagoshima, Japan,   Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2019

An X-band radar was installed in 2014 at Merapi Museum, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, to monitor pyroclastic and rainfall events around Mt. Merapi. This research aims to perform a reliability analysis of the point extracted rainfall data from the aforementioned newly installed radar to improve the performance of the warning system in the future. The radar data was compared with the monitored rain gauge data from Balai Sabo and the IMERG satellite data from NASA and JAXA (The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM), which had not been done before. All of the rainfall data was compared on an hourly interval. The comparisons were conducted based on 11 locations that correspond to the ground rainfall measurement stations. The locations of the rain gauges are spread around Mt. Merapi area. The point rainfall information was extracted from the radar data grid and the satellite data grid, which were compared with the rain gauge data. The data were then calibrated and adjusted up to the optimum state. Based on January 2017–March 2018 data, it was obtained that the optimum state has a NSF value of 0.41 and R2value of 0.56. As a result, it was determined that the radar can capture around 79% of the hourly rainfall occurrence around Mt. Merapi area during the chosen calibration period, in comparison with the rain gauge data. The radar was also able to capture nearby 40–50% of the heavy rainfall events that pose risks of lahar. In contrast, the radar data performance in detecting drizzling and light rain types were quite precise (55% of cases), although the satellite data could detect slightly better (60% of cases). These results indicate that the radar sensitivity in detecting the extreme rainfall events must receive higher priority in future developments, especially for applications to the existing Mt. Merapi lahar early warning systems.