bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-Threshold-For-Surgery Versus Primarily-Conservative Treatment for Odontoid Fractures in the Elderly: Evaluating Practice Variation in The Netherlands
Authors: Huybregts Jeroen G. J. , Polak Samuel B. , Jacobs Wilco C. H. , Krekels-Huijbregts Ilse A. , Smeets Anouk Y. J. M. , Arts Mark P. , Slooff Willem-Bart M. , Öner F. Cumhur , Peul Wilco C. , van Santbrink Henk , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A.
Published: August 2023

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives

Odontoid fractures are the most common cervical spine fractures in the elderly. The optimal treatment remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare results of a low-threshold-for-surgery strategy (surgery for dislocated fractures in relatively healthy patients) to a primarily-conservative strategy (for all patients).

Methods

Patient records from 5 medical centers were reviewed for patients who met the selection criteria (e.g. age ≥55 years, type II/III odontoid fractures). Demographics, fracture types/characteristics, fracture union/stability, clinical outcome and mortality were compared. The influence of age on outcome was studied (≥55-80 vs ≥80 years).

Results

A total of 173 patients were included: 120 treated with low-threshold-for-surgery (of which 22 primarily operated, and 23 secondarily) vs 53 treated primarily-conservative. No differences in demographics and fracture characteristics between the groups were identified. Fracture union (53% vs 43%) and fracture stability (90% vs 85%) at last follow-up did not differ between groups. The majority of patients (56%) achieved clinical improvement compared to baseline. Analysis of differences in clinical outcome between groups was infeasible due to data limitations. In both strategies, patients ≥80 years achieved worse union (64% vs 30%), worse stability (97% vs 77%), and – as to be expected – increased mortality <104 weeks (2% vs 22%).

Conclusions

Union and stability rates did not differ between the treatment strategies. Advanced age (≥80 years) negatively influenced both radiological outcome and mortality. No cases of secondary neurological deficits were identified, suggesting that concerns for the consequences of under-treatment may be unjustified.
Interaction between activity and movement control during one-leg standing in parameters of bone strength in patients with hip fractures—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Umehara Takuya , Kaneguchi Akinori , Watanabe Keita , Katayama Nobuhisa , Kuwahara Daisuke , Kaneyashiki Ryo , Kito Nobuhiro , Kakehashi Masayuki
Published: August 2023

Background/Purpose

We aimed to investigate whether there is an interaction between life-space assessment (LSA) and movement control during one-leg standing on bone strength on the non-fractured side in patients with hip fracture.

Methods

Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for osteoporosis parameter to examine the interaction and main effects of LSA and movement control during one-leg standing.

Results

Two-way ANOVA revealed significant interaction and main effects of LSA and movement control during one-leg standing on bone mineral density (BMD) and Z-score. In parameters of hip structural analysis (HSA), the interaction and main effect of movement control during one-leg standing were detected only in cross-sectional area (CSA).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that both high LSA and good movement control during one-leg standing are necessary to maintain or improve some parameters of bone strength, such as BMD (neck and total hip), Z-score (neck and total hip), and CSA.
An Investigation of Gender Representation and Collaboration in Academic Plastic Surgery Research
Authors: Chawla Sahil , Rajendra Janani , Dhivagaran Thanansayan , Ding Jeffrey , Isaac Kathryn V. , Khosa Faisal
Published: August 2023

Background: Gender disparities in academic leadership positions may be influenced by several factors, including research productivity. We aimed to describe the publication gender gap in major plastic surgery journals, assess gender-related and gender-neutral research publications, and identify any potential gender disparities associated with publication characteristics. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we reviewed all original research publications in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery, and Aesthetic Surgery Journal from 2014 through 2018. Genderize.io was used to identify the gender of all authors. Each publication was classified as either gender-neutral, transgender health, women’s health, or men’s health-related based on the article's content. Results: Of the 12,718 authors across 2234 publications analysed, females were first authors in 30%, last authors in 17%, and all authors in 27%. Among the publications, 1782 (79.8%) were focused on gender-neutral, 419 (18.8%) on women's health, 18 (0.8%) on transgender health, and 15 (0.7%) on men's health. Male first authors were more likely to be associated with women's and transgender health articles (OR [95% CI]  =  1.4 [1.1-1.8] and OR [95% CI]  =  51.0 [47-55], p < .001) and had a higher mean number of citations compared to gender-neutral articles ( p < .001). Male first authors were more likely to be associated with women's and transgender health articles (OR [95% CI]  =  1.4 [1.1–1.8] and OR [95% CI]  =  51.0 [47–55], p < .001) and had a higher mean number of citations compared to gender-neutral articles ( p < .001). Conclusion: The publication gender gap persists in academic plastic surgery. The academic community should continue to prioritize addressing gender disparity from the perspective of research productivity.
Outcomes of Distal Medial Collateral Ligament Release During Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Shim Seung Jae , Jeong Ho Won , Park Yong-Geun , Lee Yong Seuk
Published: August 2023

Background:

During opening-wedge, high-tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), various methods of managing the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) can be performed to obtain a sufficient medial side opening.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of distal sMCL release during OWHTO. It was hypothesized that distal sMCL release would not cause valgus instability.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 77 patients who underwent OWHTO between January 1, 2018, and October 31, 2019, and completed serial radiological assessments including weightbearing line ratio (WBLR), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), coronal translation, total tibial plateau inclination (TTPI), valgus medial joint-space width (valgus-MJSW), valgus joint-line convergence angle (valgus-JLCA), varus lateral joint-space width (varus-LJSW), and varus joint-line convergence angle (varus-JLCA) on standing whole-leg and varus-valgus stress radiographs. Subgroup analysis of pre- to postoperative changes in radiologic parameters was performed according to TTPI (group 1: <25th percentile, group 2: 25th-75th percentile, group 3: >75th percentile) and Ahlbäck osteoarthritis classification (group 1: Ahlbäck grade 1, group 2: Ahlbäck grades 2 and 3).

Results:

The mean time to final follow-up was 34.6 ± 6.4 months. The WBLR and coronal translation did not change significantly over the follow-up period. The valgus-MJSW at 6 months postoperatively was significantly wider than that preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively ( P < .001). The varus-LJSW at 6 months postoperatively was significantly wider compared with preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively ( P < .001), and the varus-LJSW at 1 year postoperatively was wider than that found preoperatively. Coronal translation was significantly more reduced for patients in TTPI group 1 versus group 3 ( P = .019). There was no significant differences according to the Ahlbäck groups. All clinical outcomes improved at final follow-up compared with preoperative values ( P ≤ .002).

Conclusion:

The study findings indicated that sMCL release did not cause valgus instability or valgus overcorrection at 1 year postoperatively, and improved clinical outcomes were seen at the final follow-up compared with preoperative status after OWHTO with sMCL release.
“I am feeling blue… and red”: Exploring alternative ways of feeling colours through a wearable haptic artefact
Authors: O’Nascimento Ricardo
Published: August 2023

Wearable haptic artefacts are more and more present in our everyday life. They increasingly mediate our perception, transforming the ways in which we interact with ourselves, the environment and others. Wearable haptic artefacts can sense the body and its surroundings, impacting our subjectivity by shaping perceptions, actions, and behaviours. Such ability to influence our senses is helpful in creating engaging multisensory experiences. In my work, I explore the technological mediation between the human body and its surroundings by facilitating new relationships among the senses. This article presents a wearable haptic artefact in the shape of a glove called “I am feeling blue… and red”, which was designed to enable users to experience colour through touch. The goal is to suggest a mode of colour experience and break preconceptions one might have towards the relationship there is between touch and colours. Through an autoethnographic account, the article reflects on the artefact’s design process and user interaction. It proposes strategies for developing unique multisensory experiences using wearable haptic artefacts. These strategies can assist artists and designers who want to create captivating interactions by connecting the senses of sight and touch.
Properties of white matter tract diffusivity in children with developmental dyslexia and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Slaby Ryan J. , Arrington C. Nikki , Malins Jeffrey , Sevcik Rose A. , Pugh Kenneth R. , Morris Robin
Published: August 2023

Background

Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals with DD or ADHD have both been shown to have deficits in white matter tracts associated with reading and attentional control networks. However, white matter diffusivity in individuals comorbid with both DD and ADHD (DD + ADHD) has not been specifically explored.

Methods

Participants were 3rd and 4th graders (age range = 7 to 11 years; SD = 0.69) from three diagnostic groups ((DD (n = 40), DD + ADHD (n = 22), and typical developing (TD) (n = 20)). Behavioral measures of reading and attention alongside measures of white matter diffusivity were collected for all participants.

Results

DD + ADHD and TD groups differed in mean fractional anisotropy (FA) for the left and right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF)-Parietal Terminations and SLF-Temporal Terminations. Mean FA for the DD group across these SLF tracts fell between the lower DD + ADHD and higher TD averages. No differences in mean diffusivity nor significant brain-behavior relations were found.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that WM diffusivity in the SLF increases along a continuum across DD + ADHD, DD, and TD.
Differences in clinical characteristics and liver injury between patients diagnosed with the Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 and the prototype of SARS-CoV-2: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Qing , Xu Chao , Zhang Yan , Lu Yueyue , Ai Minghua , Tan Xiaoping
Published: August 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between the clinical characteristics and the factors influencing liver injury in patients with the Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 (Omicron BA.5.2) and the prototype of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods

Between December 30, 2019 and November 30, 2022, 157 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and 199 patients infected with the Omicron BA.5.2 were included in this case-control, single-center, retrospective study. Differences in clinical characteristics and liver injury between the Omicron BA.5.2 patients and the prototype patients were subsequently analyzed.

Results

None of the Omicron BA.5.2 patients reached the critical state, and showed relatively milder symptoms including fever, cough, headache, muscle soreness, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and hypoxia. The Omicron BA.5.2 had a lower effect on body temperature (T), white blood cell (WBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, D-dimer, finger pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and lung lesions. The differences in liver injury between the two groups were related to the severity of the disease, T, blood oxygen levels, albumin (ALB), CRP, and medication usage. Gender, body mass index, and CRP levels influenced liver damage in the Omicron BA.5.2 patients. In particular, CRP was an independent risk factor for liver injury. Because the severity of liver function damage was considerably low, only a small number of Omicron BA.5.2 patients required liver-protective treatment.

Conclusion

Liver injury is expected in the COVID-19 patients. The Omicron BA.5.2 patients showed milder symptoms of liver injury than the prototype patients. However, dynamic monitoring of liver function is warranted, especially for individuals presenting with elevated levels of CRP.
Assessment of non-tuberculosis abnormalities on digital chest x-rays with high CAD4TB scores from a tuberculosis prevalence survey in Zambia and South Africa
Authors: Ngosa Dennis , Moonga Given , Shanaube Kwame , Jacobs Choolwe , Ruperez Maria , Kasese Nkatya , Klinkenberg Eveline , Schaap Ab , Mureithi Linda , Floyd Sian , Fidler Sarah , Sichizya Veronica , Maleya Adrian , Ayles Helen
Published: August 2023

Background

Chest X-rays (CXRs) have traditionally been used to aid the diagnosis of TB-suggestive abnormalities. Using Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) algorithms, TB risk is quantified to assist with diagnostics. However, CXRs capture all other structural abnormalities. Identification of non-TB abnormalities in individuals with CXRs that have high CAD scores but don’t have bacteriologically confirmed TB is unknown. This presents a missed opportunity of extending novel CAD systems’ potential to simultaneously provide information on other non-TB abnormalities alongside TB. This study aimed to characterize and estimate the prevalence of non-TB abnormalities on digital CXRs with high CAD4TB scores from a TB prevalence survey in Zambia and South Africa.

Methodology

This was a cross-sectional analysis of clinical data of participants from the TREATS TB prevalence survey conducted in 21 communities in Zambia and South Africa. The study included individuals aged ≥ 15 years who had high CAD4TB scores (score ≥ 70), but had no bacteriologically confirmed TB in any of the samples submitted, were not on TB treatment, and had no history of TB. Two consultant radiologists reviewed the images for non-TB abnormalities.

Results

Of the 525 CXRs reviewed, 46.7% (245/525) images were reported to have non-TB abnormalities. About 11.43% (28/245) images had multiple non-TB abnormalities, while 88.67% (217/245) had a single non-TB abnormality. The readers had a fair inter-rater agreement (r = 0.40). Based on anatomical location, non-TB abnormalities in the lung parenchyma (19%) were the most prevalent, followed by Pleura (15.4%), then heart & great vessels (6.1%) abnormalities. Pleural effusion/thickening/calcification (8.8%) and cardiomegaly (5%) were the most prevalent non-TB abnormalities. Prevalence of (2.7%) for pneumonia not typical of pulmonary TB and (2.1%) mass/nodules (benign/ malignant) were also reported.

Conclusion

A wide range of non-TB abnormalities can be identified on digital CXRs among individuals with high CAD4TB scores but don’t have bacteriologically confirmed TB. Adaptation of AI systems like CAD4TB as a tool to simultaneously identify other causes of abnormal CXRs alongside TB can be interesting and useful in non-faculty-based screening programs to better link cases to appropriate care.
Total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy Versus long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal cancer, Korean trial (TV-LARK trial): study protocol of a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Lee Dae Won , Kang Hyun-Cheol , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Han Sae-Won , Kim Kyung Su , Chie Eui Kyu , Oh Jae Hwan , Jeong Woon Kyung , Kim Byoung Hyuck , Nam Eun Mi , Jeong Seung-Yong
Published: August 2023

Background

For locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) may enhance tumour response, reduce recurrence, and improve patient compliance compared to upfront surgery. Recent studies have shown that chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by consolidation chemotherapy leads to higher rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) than induction chemotherapy followed by CRT. However, an optimal TNT regimen that maximise the pCR rate and minimise toxicity has not been established. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to investigate whether preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy with four cycles of CAPOX can double the pCR rate compared to a standard schedule of long-course preoperative CRT in patients with LARC.

Methods

This is a multi-centre, prospective, open label, randomised controlled trial. Patients with clinical primary tumour stage 3 and higher or regional node-involved rectal cancer located within 10 cm from the anal verge were randomly assigned equally to short-course radiotherapy (25 Gy in 5 fractions over 1 week) followed by four cycles of CAPOX (intravenous oxaliplatin [130 mg/m2, once a day] on day 1 and capecitabine [1,000 mg/m2, twice a day] from days 1 to 14) (TNT) or CRT (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions over 5 weeks, concurrently with concomitant oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice a day). After preoperative treatment, total mesorectal excision was performed 2–4 weeks in the TNT group and 6–10 weeks in the CRT group, followed by optional additional adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint is the pCR rate, and secondary endpoints include disease-related treatment failure, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Assuming a pCR rate of 28% and 15% in the TNT and CRT groups, respectively, and one-side alpha error rate of 0.025 and power of 80%, 348 patients will be enrolled considering 10% dropout rate.

Discussion

The TV-LARK trial will evaluate the superiority of employed TNT regimen against the standard CRT regimen for patients with LARC. We aimed to identify a TNT regimen that will improve the pCR rate and decrease systemic recurrence in these patients.

Trial registration

Cris.nih.go.kr ID: KCT0007169 (April 08, 2022). The posted information will be updated as needed to reflect the protocol amendments and study progress.
Developmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants with catch-up head growth: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hong You Mi , Cho Dong Hue , Kim Jin Kyu
Published: August 2023

Background

As the survival rates of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have increased, their neurodevelopmental outcomes are of concern. This study aims to determine the demographic and perinatal characteristics of premature infant according to head growth, identify clinical factors affecting growth catch-up, and explore differences in developmental outcomes according to catch-up states.

Methods

This nationwide prospective cohort study of Korean Neonatal Network data analyzed premature infants with very low birth weight (< 1,500 g) between 2014 and 2017. A total of 253 eligible infants who had completed the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, were assigned into two groups: a catch-up (CU) group with a head circumference above the 10th percentile and a no catch-up (NCU) group with a head circumference below the 10th percentile at 18–24 months of corrected age (CA).

Results

Most (81.4%, 206/253) premature infants exhibited catch-up growth at 18–24 months of CA. Rates of microcephaly, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), length of NICU stay, ventilation care, and parenteral nutrition were significantly greater in the NCU group (P < 0.05). On multiple linear regression analysis, BPD status was the most influential clinical factor affecting catch-up head growth after adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, and birth head circumference (adjusted OR 4.586, 95% CI 1.960–10.729). At 18–24 months of CA, the NCU group exhibited lower developmental indices and a higher rate of developmental delay than the CU group. Motor developmental delay was the most significant factor relevant to catch-up head growth, and the motor development difference between the two groups was only statistically significant after adjusting for four major neonatal morbidities: IVH, BPD, sepsis, and NEC status (adjusted OR 10.727, 95% CI 1.922–59.868).

Conclusion

As association was observed between head growth catch-up status and developmental outcomes in VLBW infants at 18–24 months of CA. Key clinical factors associated with catch-up status included BPD and NEC status, length of parenteral nutrition, and ventilator care. Further study is needed to establish causality and explore additional factors that may influence developmental outcomes in this population.
Potential antihypertensive activity of novel peptides from green basil leaves
Authors: Prangthip Pattaneeya , Panbangred Watanalai , Reamtong Onrapak
Published: August 2023

Hypertension is among the risk factors of death globally. Novel antihypertensive peptides are alternative choices of antihypertensive assistance. This study aimed to discover novel antihypertensive peptides from green basil leaves. Two bioactive peptides with high angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (Asp-Leu-Ser-Ser-Ala-Pro; peptide 1) and antioxidant (Asp-Ser-Val-Ser-Ala-Ser-Pro; peptide 2) activities were gavaged to male Wistar rats induced with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME). L-NAME-treated rats (HT) had decreased body weights and levels of nitrite and nitrate, which are metabolites of nitric oxide. The levels of their glucose and liver function indicators increased as compared to normal rats. HT rats receiving antihypertensive drugs (HTD) showed higher low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein levels than HT rats. Peptide 1 seems to benefit the rat lipid profiles, liver functions, antioxidant, nitrite, nitrate, and angiotensin II peptide levels but not peptide 2. In conclusion, our findings indicate the antihypertensive potential related to vasodilation of peptides from green basil leaves.

Graphical Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of the immunogenic cell death-related signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficiency in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cui Yingshu , Li Yi , Long Shan , Xu Yuanyuan , Liu Xinxin , Sun Zhijia , Sun Yuanyuan , Hu Jia , Li Xiaosong
Published: August 2023

Background

Although immunotherapy has been considered as a potent strategy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), only a small part of patients was served as potentially clinical benefiters. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of regulated cell death (RCD), which enable to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment and contribute to the immunotherapy efficiency. Developing a novel ICD-based signature may be a potential strategy to differentiate prognosis of patients with LUAD and predict efficacy of immunotherapy.

Methods

In this study, 34 ICD-related genes (ICDRGs) were identified and analyzed in LUAD samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). 572 patients with LUAD were divided into two distinct clusters according to ICDRGs expression levels. Patients were subsequently classified into two distinct gene subtypes based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analyzed between two ICD-related clusters. We further developed and validated a novel ICD-related score (ICDRS) followed by comprehensive investigation about the landscape of the prognosis, immune-based features, immunotherapautic responses and sensitivity of target drugs in patients with LUAD.

Results

After confirming transcriptomic aberrations and appraising prognostic value of ICDRGs, two ICD-associated subtypes were initially determined by consensus clustering in accordance with differentially expressional levels of ICDRGs. It was shown that patients in the ICD high-subtype possessed the superior clinical prognosis, abundant immune cell infiltration and higher involvement in immune-related signaling compared with the ICD low-subtype. A signature of ICD-related score (ICDRS) was further established and validated, which was served as an independent prognostic indicator for LUAD patients. These comprehensive results revealed that the high-score patients represented better clinical prognosis, higher immune infiltration-related characteristics, stronger expression of immune checkpoints, and better response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and multiple targeted drugs. To further verify our analysis, we selected TLR4 as the representative of ICDRGs and evaluated its expression on the lung normal cells and cancer cells in vitro. Then, relative animal experiments were performed in vivo, with results of that the stimulation of TLR4 suppressed the growth of lung cancer.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis of ICDRGs in LUAD demonstrated their function in serving as a biomarker of predicting prognosis and clinical effects of immunotherapy and targeted drugs, which is meaningful to improve our understanding of ICDRGs and brought inspirations about evaluating prognosis and developing effective therapeutic strategies to patients with LUAD.
Causal association between major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease: a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Qianjie , Chen Chen , You Ruijia , Ni Linghao , Chen Siyu , Peng Bin
Published: August 2023

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous mental illness and a major public health problem worldwide. A large number of observational studies have demonstrated a clear association between MDD and coronary heart disease (CHD), and some studies have even suggested that the relationship is bidirectional. However, it was unknown whether any causal relationship existed between them and whether causality was bidirectional in such an instance. Thus, we aimed to determine whether there is a bidirectional causal relationship between major depressive disorders and coronary heart disease.

Methods

Our two-sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study consisted of two parts: forward MR analysis regarded MDD as exposure and CHD as the outcome, and reverse MR analysis considered CHD as exposure and MDD as the outcome. Summary data on MDD and CHD were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS database. After screening criteria(P < $$5\times {10}^{-8}$$

5
×

10

-
8

), 47 MDD-associated SNPs and 39 CHD-associated SNPs were identified. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, ME-Egger regression, and weighted median method were used to estimate causality. In addition, sensitivity methods, including the heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out method, were applied to ensure the robustness of causal estimation.

Results

Based on the MR-Egger regression intercept test results, there did not appear to be any horizontal pleiotropy in this study (MDD: intercept = -0.0000376, P = 0.9996; CHD: intercept = -0.0002698, P = 0.920). Accordingly, IVW results suggested consistent estimates of causal effect values. The results showed that people with MDD increased the risk of CHD by 14.7% compared with those without MDD (OR = 1.147, 95%CI: 1.045–1.249, P = 0.009). But there was no direct evidence that CHD would increase the risk of MDD(OR = 1.008, 95%CI: 0.985–1.031, P = 0.490). The heterogeneity test and funnel plot showed no heterogeneity in 47 SNPs of MDD (Q = 42.28, $${I}^{2}$$

I

2

=0, P = 0.629), but there was heterogeneity in 39 SNPs of CHD (Q = 62.48, $${I}^{2}$$

I

2

=39.18%, P = 0.007). The leave-one-out method failed to identify instances where a single SNP was either biased toward or dependent on the causation.

Conclusion

Our study supports a one-way causal relationship between MDD and CHD, but there is no bidirectional causal relationship. MDD increases the risk of CHD, but there is no evidence that CHD increases the risk of MDD. Therefore, the influence of psychological factors should also be considered in the prevention and treatment of CHD. For MDD patients, it is necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Progestin Primed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS) protocol yields lower euploidy rate in older patients undergoing IVF
Authors: Pai Angel Hsin-Yu , Sung Yen Ju , Li Chia-Jung , Lin Chieh- Yu , Chang Chia Lin
Published: August 2023

Background

To explore if exogenous progestin required for progestin primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol compromises the euploidy rate of patients who underwent preimplantation genetic testing cycles when compared to those who received the conventional gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 128 preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles performed from January 2018 to December 2021 in a single university hospital-affiliated fertility center. Infertile women aged 27 to 45 years old requiring PGT-A underwent either PPOS protocol or GnRH-antagonist protocol with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for fertilization. Frozen embryo transfers were performed following each PGT-A cycle. Data regarding the two groups were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

Results

Patients who underwent PPOS treatment had significantly reduced blastocyst formation rate and euploidy rate compared to those who received the GnRH antagonist protocol. Subgroup-analysis was performed by stratifying patients’ age into elder and young subgroups (elder: ≥ 38-year-old, young: < 38-year-old). In the elder sub-population, the blastocyst formation rate of the PPOS group was significantly lower than that of the GnRH-antagonist group (45.8 ± 6.1% vs. 59.9 ± 3.8%, p = 0.036). Moreover, the euploidy rate of the PPOS group was only about 20% of that of  the GnRH-antagonist group (5.4% and 26.7%, p = 0.006). In contrast, no significant differences in blastocyst formation rate (63.5 ± 5.7% vs. 67.1 ± 3.2%, p = 0.45) or euploidy rate (30.1% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.221) were observed in the young sub-population. Secondary outcomes, which included implantation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and miscarriage rate, were comparable between the two treatment groups, regardless of age.

Conclusion

When compared to the conventional GnRH-antagonist approach, PPOS protocol could potentially reduce the euploidy rate in aging IVF patients. However, due to the retrospective nature of this study, the results are to be interpreted with caution. Before the PPOS protocol is widely implemented, further studies exploring its efficacy in larger populations are needed to define the optimal patient selection suitable for this method.

Trial registration

Human Investigation and Ethical Committee of Chang Gung Medical Foundation (202200194B0).
Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma with vocal-cord squamous cell carcinoma: a case report with systematic review
Authors: Li Zhuo , Li Weihua , Xue Liyan
Published: August 2023

Background

Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a low-grade salivary gland-type carcinoma. Until now, 23 cases of pulmonary HCCC have been reported.

Case presentation

Here, we present a patient with primary pulmonary HCCC along with vocal-cord squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) revealed by biopsy examination. The patient underwent radiotherapy for vocal-cord SCC, followed by right upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection 10 months later. Histology revealed polygonal cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm in the myxoid matrix together with hyaline degeneration. The tumor involved the whole layer of the segmental bronchus and regionally involved the alveolar tissue along with one intrapulmonary lymph node. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1 (EWSR1)- activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) fusion. We analyzed the data on pulmonary malignant tumors between 2000 and 2019 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and reviewed all cases of pulmonary HCCC with EWSR1 fusion by searching PubMed. The results showed that head and neck (HN) adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) (47.89%) and HNSCC (22.54%) were the most common carcinomas occurring with pulmonary salivary gland-type malignant tumors. Screening of 24 cases of pulmonary HCCC with EWSR1 fusion revealed that five cases demonstrated lymph node metastases and only two had documented tumor recurrences. HCCC is rare and easily misdiagnosed as SCC, but the treatment regimen differs between pulmonary HCCC and SCC.

Conclusions

Hence, pulmonary tumors with clear cells must be diagnosed with caution. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may be useful for diagnosis, especially in cases with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Multi-omics reveal the metabolic patterns in mouse cumulus cells during oocyte maturation
Authors: Chen Ming , Yang Weizheng , Guo Yueshuai , Hou Xiaojing , Zhu Shuai , Sun Hongzheng , Guo Xuejiang , Chen Minjian , Wang Qiang
Published: August 2023

Bi-directional communication between cumulus cells and the surrounded oocytes is important for the development and functions of both compartments. However, the metabolic framework in cumulus cells has not been systematically described. In the present study, cumulus cells from cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) at three key time points were isolated (arrested GV stage, post-hCG 0h; meiotic resumption GVBD stage, post-hCG 3h; and metaphase II stage, post-hCG 12h), and the temporal metabolomic and proteomic profiling were performed. Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals the global metabolic patterns in cumulus cells during mouse oocyte maturation. In particular, we found the active hyaluronic acid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in cumulus cells. Meanwhile, accompanying the oocyte maturation, a progressive increase in nucleotide and amino acid metabolism was detected in the surrounding cumulus cells. In sum, the data serve as a valuable resource for probing metabolism during terminal differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells, and provide the potential biomarkers for improving and predicting oocyte quality.
Neural stem cell-derived exosomes and regeneration: cell-free therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhong Lin , Wang Jingjing , Wang Peng , Liu Xiaoyin , Liu Peng , Cheng Xu , Cao Lujia , Wu Hongwei , Chen Jing , Zhou Liangxue
Published: August 2023

Regenerative repair of the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an extensive clinical challenge, inspiring intensified interest in therapeutic approaches to explore superior repair strategies. Exosome therapy is another research hotspot following stem cell alternative therapy. Prior research verified that exosomes produced by neural stem cells can participate in the physiological and pathological changes associated with TBI and have potential neuroregulatory and repair functions. In comparison with their parental stem cells, exosomes have superior stability and immune tolerance and lower tumorigenic risk. In addition, they can readily penetrate the blood‒brain barrier, which makes their treatment efficiency superior to that of transplanted stem cells. Exosomes secreted by neural stem cells present a promising strategy for the development of novel regenerative therapies. Their tissue regeneration and immunomodulatory potential have made them encouraging candidates for TBI repair. The present review addresses the challenges, applications and potential mechanisms of neural stem cell exosomes in regenerating damaged brains.
Mesenchymal stem cells shift the pro-inflammatory phenotype of neutrophils to ameliorate acute lung injury
Authors: Feng Bing , Feng Xudong , Yu Yingduo , Xu Haoying , Ye Qingqing , Hu Ruitian , Fang Xinru , Gao Feiqiong , Wu Jian , Pan Qiaoling , Yu Jiong , Lang Guanjing , Li Lanjuan , Cao Hongcui
Published: August 2023

Background

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment plays a major role in the management of acute lung injury (ALI), and neutrophils are the initial line of defense against ALI. However, the effect of MSCs on neutrophils in ALI remains mostly unknown.

Methods

We investigated the characteristics of neutrophils in lung tissue of ALI mice induced by lipopolysaccharide after treatment with MSCs using single-cell RNA sequencing. Neutrophils separated from lung tissue in ALI were co-cultured with MSCs, and then samples were collected for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.

Results

During inflammation, six clusters of neutrophils were identified, annotated as activated, aged, and circulatory neutrophils. Activated neutrophils had higher chemotaxis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase scores than aged neutrophils. Circulatory neutrophils occurred mainly in healthy tissue and were characterized by higher expression of Cxcr2 and Sell. Activated neutrophils tended to exhibit higher expression of Cxcl10 and Cd47, and lower expression of Cd24a, while aged neutrophils expressed a lower level of Cd47 and higher level of Cd24a. MSC treatment shifted activated neutrophils toward an aged neutrophil phenotype by upregulating the expression of CD24, thereby inhibiting inflammation by reducing chemotaxis, ROS production, and NADPH oxidase.

Conclusion

We identified the immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on the subtype distribution of neutrophils and provided new insight into the therapeutic mechanism of MSC treatment in ALI.
Investigating the initial steps of auricin biosynthesis using synthetic biology
Authors: Csolleiova Dominika , Javorova Rachel , Novakova Renata , Feckova Lubomira , Matulova Maria , Opaterny Filip , Rezuchova Bronislava , Sevcikova Beatrica , Kormanec Jan
Published: August 2023

Streptomyces lavendulae subsp. lavendulae CCM 3239 (formerly Streptomyces aureofaciens CCM 3239) contains a type II polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) aur1 whose genes were highly similar to angucycline BGCs. However, its product auricin is structurally different from all known angucyclines. It contains a spiroketal pyranonaphthoquinone aglycone similar to griseusins and is modified with d-forosamine. Here, we describe the characterization of the initial steps in auricin biosynthesis using a synthetic-biology-based approach. We have created a plasmid system based on the strong kasOp* promoter, RBS and phage PhiBT1-based integration vector, where each gene in the artificial operon can be easily replaced by another gene using unique restriction sites surrounding each gene in the operon. The system was validated with the initial landomycin biosynthetic genes lanABCFDLE, leading to the production of rabelomycin after its integration into Streptomyces coelicolor M1146. However, the aur1DEFCGHA homologous genes from the auricin aur1 BGC failed to produce rabelomycin in this system. The cause of this failure was inactive aur1DE genes encoding ketosynthases α and β (KSα, KSβ). Their replacement with homologous aur2AB genes from the adjacent aur2 BGC resulted in rabelomycin production that was even higher after the insertion of two genes from the aur1 BGC, aur1L encoding 4-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) and aur1M encoding malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MCAT), suggesting that Aur1L PPTase is essential for the activation of the acyl carrier protein Aur1F. These results suggest an interesting communication of two BGCs, aur1 and aur2, in the biosynthesis of the initial structure of auricin aglycone.
Characterization of entomotoxic and nematotoxic genes from indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis strains and their biocontrol potential
Authors: Sujayanand G. K. , Pandey Sonika , Jagadeeswaran R. , Chandra Anup , Kumar Vaibhav , Dubey Sachin , Dubey Jyotirmay
Published: August 2023

Background

The gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigeraHubner), Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilosoma obliquaWalker), tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera lituraFabricius) and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita(Kofoid and White) Chitwood) are the major insect pest and nematodes infesting mungbean, urdbean and other legumes.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) is a promising biocontrol agent that helps in managing the above pest. DeployingBtbiopesticides instead of chemical pesticides in legume cultivation enhances the soil health substantially. The present study envisages morphological, molecular cum biochemical characterization, entomotoxicity and nematotoxicity potential of four indigenousBtstrains (Ak2.IIPR, F8.IIPR, F5.IIPR and F6.IIPR) along with HD1 (standard check from BGSC).

Results

The SEM micrograph analysis of above fourBtstrains along with F1.IIPR revealed the presence of different combinations of insecticidal crystal proteins, viz. cuboidal crystal (CC), bipyramidal crystal (BC), spherical crystal (SC) and irregularly pointed crystal (IC). This was further confirmed by PCR amplification ofCry1,Cry2Aa,Cry2Ac,VIP3Aandchi36gene-specific primers and their phylogenetic analysis. F8.IIPR and Ak2.IIPR recorded the highest toxicity index against second-instarS. obliqualarvae (292.56 and 174.55),H. armigera(150.00 and 113.65) andS. litura(210.71 and 114.19) based on probit analysis. F5.IIPR (91.67%) and F8.IIPR (89.00%) recorded the highest juvenile mortality againstM. incognita, followed by Ak2.IIPR (70.33%). The protein profiling of supernatant of terrific broth inoculated with F8.IIPR indicated the presence of VIP3A and Cry1I.

Conclusion

The present study concluded that F8.IIPR and Ak2.IIPR were potentialBtstrains isolated from Indo-Gangetic plains which is having both entomocidal and nematicidal properties. Further, these strains were deposited at national repository, ICAR-NBAIM with the following accession no.: NAIMCC-SB-065 and NAIMCC-SB-066, respectively. These strains can be formulated as microbial biopesticide.
Isothermal calorimetry calscreener in the metabolism gauge of human malignant neoplastic cells: a burgeoning nexus in cancer biochemical metrology and diagnostics
Authors: Bayode Michael Tosin , Alabi Mercy Adewumi , Ibisanmi Temitope Abraham , Okiti Ayomide Faith , Adebisi Olabisi Omowumi , Aro Philemon Olayemi , Awode Ayoola Emmanuel , Lawal Oyindamola Sukurat , Babatunde Olamide Joshua , Adenikinju Gladys Oluwafisayo
Published: August 2023

Background

At present, the function of isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) calscreener in detecting alterations in the metabolic pathways of cancer cells remains unexplored. We disclosed the shortcomings of current screening methods and the need for precise and dependable instruments in the detection and informed treatment of cancer via the IMC in relation to the experimental procedures required to obtain accurate results.

Main body of abstract

We examined the intricate technical aspects of isothermal calorimetry. The application of the IMC calscreener in cancer research is then discussed in depth, including how it can be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatments, identify metabolic inhibitors, and assess metabolic rates. We also investigated the diagnostic potential of isothermal calorimetry, particularly for early cancer detection and tracing therapy efficacy.

Conclusions

General findings shed light on the present issues and potential approaches for isothermal calorimetry application in cancer research and diagnosis. We underline the potential for isothermal calorimetry to fundamentally alter how to understand and treat cancer, as well as the need for additional studies to maximize its application in clinical settings. This in turn offers a thorough and fascinating account of the emerging relationship between isothermal calorimetry and cancer biochemistry, as well as its potential to revolutionize cancer detection and therapy.
Challenges in differential diagnosis between autism spectrum disorder and psychotic disorders
Authors: Krysta K.
Published: August 2023

Data from literature show that people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are more likely to develop a psychosis than the general population. They also have a higher chance of developing schizophrenia than neurotypical controls. In order to diagnose comorbid psychosis in ASD in an adult, first a full psychiatric examination is necessary to decide on the directions of possible further diagnostics and, if necessary, to recommend appropriate additional tests, e.g. psychological tests using professional scales and questionnaires for adults. In the case of diagnostic doubts, there are indications to refer the patient to more specialized centers. Although the two conditions are different, they share some common features, such as social withdrawal and communication disorders. This can lead to problems in the diagnosis of psychosis in people with autism. The basic symptoms of the mentioned diseases usually differ between the two disorders. For this reason, it’s important to try to get regular screenings and get care from the right professionals. A case report is presented of a patient, who received a diagnosis of ASD in the childhood, and later as an adult developed psychotic symptoms, which led to a change of diagnosis to schizophrenia.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Effectiviness of a crisis comunity-based program in primary mental health care
Authors: Lakis S. , Mansilla S. , Patrizzi B. , Teixidó C. , Vegué J. , Plaza A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

A crisis is defined as a disruption in equilibrium at the failure of own personal resources which results in important distress and functional impairment. Particularly after Covid-19 pandemic we have been attending an increased number of this kind of consultations in the mental health services.

Objectives

To expose a new mental health program called PAIC (Ambulatory Intensive Community Program) started in March 2019 and addressed to people who are suffering a crises period, and to evaluate its effectiveness. The aim of this program is to reach prior stability, trying to avoid chronicity, clinical status perpetuation and sociofunctional impairment, as well as assessing suicidal risk and perform early prevention interventions.

Methods

PAIC is proposed as an early, intensive, focused and psychotherapeutic intervention led by psychiatrist. Consist in an 8-week program of 30 to 60 minute weekly individual sessions. A total of a 205 patients were attended in PAIC during 2021 and 84,6% of the patients completed the program. Mixed-methods, clinical interviews and measurements using validated self-administrated questionnaires were used: CORE-OM pre/post treatment (“Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure”), List of Threatening Experiences, LTE and Clinical Global Impression (CGI-I). Changes in CORE-OM Scale were analysed using t-student test and a descriptive analysis was used for CGI-results.

Results

CORE-OM (“Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure”) showed improvement in all of four dimensions: subjective well-being (TW), problems/symptoms (PT), general function (TF) and risk (TR).

Perception of clinical improving measured by CGI was 81,6%. There were no cases of clinical worsening.

Conclusions

We conclude that intensive and early programs are effective reducing the intensity of symptoms and the level of disability in people who are experiencing a psychological crisis. Also, it supports primary health care as well as helps to avoid saturation of specialized system.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared