bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional profiling unveils type I and II interferon networks in blood and tissues across diseases
Authors: Singhania Akul , Graham Christine M. , Gabryšová Leona , Moreira-Teixeira Lúcia , Stavropoulos Evangelos , Pitt Jonathan M. , Chakravarty Probir , Warnatsch Annika , Branchett William J. , Conejero Laura , Lin Jing-Wen , Davidson Sophia , Wilson Mark S. , Bancroft Gregory , Langhorne Jean , Frickel Eva , Sesay Abdul K. , Priestnall Simon L. , Herbert Eleanor , Ioannou Marianna , Wang Qian , Humphreys Ian R. , Dodd Jonathan , Openshaw Peter J. M. , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Jankovic Dragana , Sher Alan , Lloyd Clare M. , Baldwin Nicole , Chaussabel Damien , Papayannopoulos Venizelos , Wack Andreas , Banchereau Jacques F. , Pascual Virginia M. , O’Garra Anne
Published: June 2019

Understanding how immune challenges elicit different responses is critical for diagnosing and deciphering immune regulation. Using a modular strategy to interpret the complex transcriptional host response in mouse models of infection and inflammation, we show a breadth of immune responses in the lung. Lung immune signatures are dominated by either IFN-γ and IFN-inducible, IL-17-induced neutrophil- or allergy-associated gene expression. Type I IFN and IFN-γ-inducible, but not IL-17- or allergy-associated signatures, are preserved in the blood. While IL-17-associated genes identified in lung are detected in blood, the allergy signature is only detectable in blood CD4+effector cells. Type I IFN-inducible genes are abrogated in the absence of IFN-γ signaling and decrease in the absence of IFNAR signaling, both independently contributing to the regulation of granulocyte responses and pathology duringToxoplasma gondiiinfection. Our framework provides an ideal tool for comparative analyses of transcriptional signatures contributing to protection or pathogenesis in disease.
Orbital-flop Induced Magnetoresistance Anisotropy in Rare Earth Monopnictide CeSb
Authors: Xu Jing , Wu Fengcheng , Bao Jin-Ke , Han Fei , Xiao Zhi-Li , Martin Ivar , Lyu Yang-Yang , Wang Yong-Lei , Chung Duck Young , Li Mingda , Zhang Wei , Pearson John E. , Jiang Jidong S. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Kwok Wai-Kwong
Published: June 2019

The charge and spin of the electrons in solids have been extensively exploited in electronic devices and in the development of spintronics. Another attribute of electrons—their orbital nature—is attracting growing interest for understanding exotic phenomena and in creating the next-generation of quantum devices such as orbital qubits. Here, we report on orbital-flop induced magnetoresistance anisotropy in CeSb. In the low temperature high magnetic-field driven ferromagnetic state, a series of additional minima appear in the angle-dependent magnetoresistance. These minima arise from the anisotropic magnetization originating from orbital-flops and from the enhanced electron scattering from magnetic multidomains formed around the first-order orbital-flop transition. The measured magnetization anisotropy can be accounted for with a phenomenological model involving orbital-flops and a spin-valve-like structure is used to demonstrate the viable utilization of orbital-flop phenomenon. Our results showcase a contribution of orbital behavior in the emergence of intriguing phenomena.
Lead halide perovskites for photocatalytic organic synthesis
Authors: Zhu Xiaolin , Lin Yixiong , San Martin Jovan , Sun Yue , Zhu Dian , Yan Yong
Published: June 2019

Nature is capable of storing solar energy in chemical bonds via photosynthesis through a series of C–C, C–O and C–N bond-forming reactions starting from CO2 and light. Direct capture of solar energy for organic synthesis is a promising approach. Lead (Pb)-halide perovskite solar cells reach 24.2% power conversion efficiency, rendering perovskite a unique type material for solar energy capture. We argue that photophysical properties of perovskites already proved for photovoltaics, also should be of interest in photoredox organic synthesis. Because the key aspects of these two applications are both relying on charge separation and transfer. Here we demonstrated that perovskites nanocrystals are exceptional candidates as photocatalysts for fundamental organic reactions, for example C–C, C–N and C–O bond-formations. Stability of CsPbBr3 in organic solvents and ease-of-tuning their bandedges garner perovskite a wider scope of organic substrate activations. Our low-cost, easy-to-process, highly-efficient, air-tolerant and bandedge-tunable perovskites may bring new breakthrough in organic chemistry.
Quantification of epitope abundance reveals the effect of direct and cross-presentation on influenza CTL responses
Authors: Wu Ting , Guan Jing , Handel Andreas , Tscharke David C. , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Wakim Linda M. , Sng Xavier Y. X. , Thomas Paul G. , Croft Nathan P. , Purcell Anthony W. , La Gruta Nicole L.
Published: June 2019

The magnitude of T cell responses to infection is a function of the naïve T cell repertoire combined with the context and duration of antigen presentation. Using mass spectrometry, we identify and quantify 21 class 1 MHC-restricted influenza A virus (IAV)-peptides following either direct or cross-presentation. All these peptides, including seven novel epitopes, elicit T cell responses in infected C57BL/6 mice. Directly presented IAV epitopes maintain their relative abundance across distinct cell types and reveal a broad range of epitope abundances. In contrast, cross-presented epitopes are more uniform in abundance. We observe a clear disparity in the abundance of the two key immunodominant IAV antigens, wherein direct infection drives optimal nucleoprotein (NP)366–374presentation, while cross-presentation is optimal for acid polymerase (PA)224–233presentation. The study demonstrates how assessment of epitope abundance in both modes of antigen presentation is necessary to fully understand the immunogenicity and response magnitude to T cell epitopes.
Quantitative proteomics and single-nucleus transcriptomics of the sinus node elucidates the foundation of cardiac pacemaking
Authors: Linscheid Nora , Logantha Sunil Jit R. J. , Poulsen Pi Camilla , Zhang Shanzhuo , Schrölkamp Maren , Egerod Kristoffer Lihme , Thompson Jonatan James , Kitmitto Ashraf , Galli Gina , Humphries Martin J. , Zhang Henggui , Pers Tune H. , Olsen Jesper Velgaard , Boyett Mark , Lundby Alicia
Published: June 2019

The sinus node is a collection of highly specialised cells constituting the heart’s pacemaker. The molecular underpinnings of its pacemaking abilities are debated. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we here quantify >7,000 proteins from sinus node and neighbouring atrial muscle. Abundances of 575 proteins differ between the two tissues. By performing single-nucleus RNA sequencing of sinus node biopsies, we attribute measured protein abundances to specific cell types. The data reveal significant differences in ion channels responsible for the membrane clock, but not in Ca2+ clock proteins, suggesting that the membrane clock underpins pacemaking. Consistently, incorporation of ion channel expression differences into a biophysically-detailed atrial action potential model result in pacemaking and a sinus node-like action potential. Combining our quantitative proteomics data with computational modeling, we estimate ion channel copy numbers for sinus node myocytes. Our findings provide detailed insights into the unique molecular make-up of the cardiac pacemaker.
CRISPR-Cas9 fusion to dominant-negative 53BP1 enhances HDR and inhibits NHEJ specifically at Cas9 target sites
Authors: Jayavaradhan Rajeswari , Pillis Devin M. , Goodman Michael , Zhang Fan , Zhang Yue , Andreassen Paul R. , Malik Punam
Published: June 2019

Precise genome editing/correction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by CRISPR-Cas9 by homology-dependent repair (HDR) is limited by the competing error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway. Here, we define a safer and efficient system that promotes HDR-based precise genome editing, while reducing NHEJ locally, only at CRISPR-Cas9-induced DSBs. We fused a dominant-negative mutant of 53BP1, DN1S, to Cas9 nucleases, and the resulting Cas9-DN1S fusion proteins significantly block NHEJ events specifically at Cas9 cut sites and improve HDR frequency; HDR frequency reached 86% in K562 cells. Cas9-DN1S protein maintains this effect in different human cell types, including leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) patient-derived immortalized B lymphocytes, where nearly 70% of alleles were repaired by HDR and 7% by NHEJ. Our CRISPR-Cas9-DN1S system is clinically relevant to improve the efficiencies of precise gene correction/insertion, significantly reducing error-prone NHEJ events at the nuclease cleavage site, while avoiding the unwanted effects of global NHEJ inhibition.
The microRNAs miR-204 and miR-211 maintain joint homeostasis and protect against osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Huang Jian , Zhao Lan , Fan Yunshan , Liao Lifan , Ma Peter X. , Xiao Guozhi , Chen Di
Published: June 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, painful disease. Currently OA is incurable, and its etiology largely unknown, partly due to limited understanding of OA as a whole-joint disease. Here we report that two homologous microRNAs, miR-204 and miR-211, maintain joint homeostasis to suppress OA pathogenesis. Specific knockout of miR-204/-211 in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) results in Runx2 accumulation in multi-type joint cells, causing whole-joint degeneration. Specifically, miR-204/-211 loss-of-function induces matrix-degrading proteases in articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes, stimulating articular cartilage destruction. Moreover, miR-204/-211 ablation enhances NGF expression in a Runx2-dependent manner, and thus hyper-activates Akt signaling and MPC proliferation, underlying multiplex non-cartilaginous OA conditions including synovial hyperplasia, osteophyte outgrowth and subchondral sclerosis. Importantly, miR-204/-211-deficiency-induced OA is largely rescued by Runx2 insufficiency, confirming the miR-204/-211-Runx2 axis. Further, intraarticular administration of miR-204-expressing adeno-associated virus significantly decelerates OA progression. Collectively, miR-204/-211 are essential in maintaining healthy homeostasis of mesenchymal joint cells to counteract OA pathogenesis.
Transcriptome and organellar sequencing highlights the complex origin and diversification of allotetraploid Brassica napus
Authors: An Hong , Qi Xinshuai , Gaynor Michelle L. , Hao Yue , Gebken Sarah C. , Mabry Makenzie E. , McAlvay Alex C. , Teakle Graham R. , Conant Gavin C. , Barker Michael S. , Fu Tingdong , Yi Bin , Pires J. Chris
Published: June 2019

Brassica napus, an allotetraploid crop, is hypothesized to be a hybrid from unknown varieties of Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Despite the economic importance of B. napus, much is unresolved regarding its phylogenomic relationships, genetic structure, and diversification. Here we conduct a comprehensive study among diverse accessions from 183 B. napus (including rapeseed, rutabaga, and Siberian kale), 112 B. rapa, and 62 B. oleracea and its wild relatives. Using RNA-seq of B. napus accessions, we define the genetic diversity and sub-genome variance of six genetic clusters. Nuclear and organellar phylogenies for B. napus and its progenitors reveal varying patterns of inheritance and post-formation introgression. We discern regions with signatures of selective sweeps and detect 8,187 differentially expressed genes with implications for B. napus diversification. This study highlights the complex origin and evolution of B. napus providing insights that can further facilitate B. napus breeding and germplasm preservation.
Conserved transcriptomic profile between mouse and human colitis allows unsupervised patient stratification
Authors: Czarnewski Paulo , Parigi Sara M. , Sorini Chiara , Diaz Oscar E. , Das Srustidhar , Gagliani Nicola , Villablanca Eduardo J.
Published: June 2019

Clinical manifestations and response to therapies in ulcerative colitis (UC) are heterogeneous, yet patient classification criteria for tailored therapies are currently lacking. Here, we present an unsupervised molecular classification of UC patients, concordant with response to therapy in independent retrospective cohorts. We show that classical clustering of UC patient tissue transcriptomic data sets does not identify clinically relevant profiles, likely due to associated covariates. To overcome this, we compare cross-sectional human data sets with a newly generated longitudinal transcriptome profile of murine DSS-induced colitis. We show that the majority of colitis risk-associated gene expression peaks during the inflammatory rather than the recovery phase. Moreover, we achieve UC patient clustering into two distinct transcriptomic profiles, differing in neutrophil-related gene activation. Notably, 87% of patients in UC1 cluster are unresponsive to two most widely used biological therapies. These results demonstrate that cross-species comparison enables stratification of patients undistinguishable by other molecular approaches.
The structure of a 15-stranded actin-like filament from Clostridium botulinum
Authors: Koh Fujiet , Narita Akihiro , Lee Lin Jie , Tanaka Kotaro , Tan Yong Zi , Dandey Venkata P. , Popp David , Robinson Robert C.
Published: June 2019

Microfilaments (actin) and microtubules represent the extremes in eukaryotic cytoskeleton cross-sectional dimensions, raising the question of whether filament architectures are limited by protein fold. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structure of a complex filament formed from 15 protofilaments of an actin-like protein. This actin-like ParM is encoded on the large pCBH Clostridium botulinum plasmid. In cross-section, the ~26 nm diameter filament comprises a central helical protofilament surrounded by intermediate and outer layers of six and eight twisted protofilaments, respectively. Alternating polarity of the layers allows for similar lateral contacts between each layer. This filament design is stiffer than the actin filament, and has likely been selected for during evolution to move large cargos. The comparable sizes of microtubule and pCBH ParM filaments indicate that larger filament architectures are not limited by the protomer fold. Instead, function appears to have been the evolutionary driving force to produce broad, complex filaments.
Structural and functional analysis of the role of the chaperonin CCT in mTOR complex assembly
Authors: Cuéllar Jorge , Ludlam W. Grant , Tensmeyer Nicole C. , Aoba Takuma , Dhavale Madhura , Santiago César , Bueno-Carrasco M. Teresa , Mann Michael J. , Plimpton Rebecca L. , Makaju Aman , Franklin Sarah , Willardson Barry M. , Valpuesta José M.
Published: June 2019

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase forms two multi-protein signaling complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are master regulators of cell growth, metabolism, survival and autophagy. Two of the subunits of these complexes are mLST8 and Raptor, β-propeller proteins that stabilize the mTOR kinase and recruit substrates, respectively. Here we report that the eukaryotic chaperonin CCT plays a key role in mTORC assembly and signaling by folding both mLST8 and Raptor. A high resolution (4.0 Å) cryo-EM structure of the human mLST8-CCT intermediate isolated directly from cells shows mLST8 in a near-native state bound to CCT deep within the folding chamber between the two CCT rings, and interacting mainly with the disordered N- and C-termini of specific CCT subunits of both rings. These findings describe a unique function of CCT in mTORC assembly and a distinct binding site in CCT for mLST8, far from those found for similar β-propeller proteins.
On the origin of the extremely different solubilities of polyethers in water
Authors: Ensing Bernd , Tiwari Ambuj , Tros Martijn , Hunger Johannes , Domingos Sérgio R. , Pérez Cristóbal , Smits Gertien , Bonn Mischa , Bonn Daniel , Woutersen Sander
Published: June 2019

The solubilities of polyethers are surprisingly counter-intuitive. The best-known example is the difference between polyethylene glycol ([–CH2–CH2–O–]n) which is infinitely soluble, and polyoxymethylene ([–CH2–O–]n) which is completely insoluble in water, exactly the opposite of what one expects from the C/O ratios of these molecules. Similar anomalies exist for oligomeric and cyclic polyethers. To solve this apparent mystery, we use femtosecond vibrational and GHz dielectric spectroscopy with complementary ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the dynamics of water molecules solvating polyethers is fundamentally different depending on their C/O composition. The ab initio calculations and simulations show that this is not because of steric effects (as is commonly believed), but because the partial charge on the O atoms depends on the number of C atoms by which they are separated. Our results thus show that inductive effects can have a major impact on aqueous solubilities.
Selective self-assembly of 2,3-diaminophenazine molecules on MoSe2 mirror twin boundaries
Authors: He Xiaoyue , Zhang Lei , Chua Rebekah , Wong Ping Kwan Johnny , Arramel Arramel , Feng Yuan Ping , Wang Shi Jie , Chi Dongzhi , Yang Ming , Huang Yu Li , Wee Andrew Thye Shen
Published: June 2019

The control of the density and type of line defects on two-dimensional (2D) materials enable the development of new methods to tailor their physical and chemical properties. In particular, mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) on transition metal dichacogenides have attracted much interest due to their metallic state with charge density wave transition and spin-charge separation property. In this work, we demonstrate the self-assembly of 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) molecule porous structure with alternate L-type and T-type aggregated configurations on the MoSe2 hexagonal wagon-wheel pattern surface. This site-specific molecular self-assembly is attributed to the more chemically reactive metallic MTBs compared to the pristine semiconducting MoSe2 domains. First-principles calculations reveal that the active MTBs couple with amino groups in the DAP molecules facilitating the DAP assembly. Our results demonstrate the site-dependent electronic and chemical properties of MoSe2 monolayers, which can be exploited as a natural template to create ordered nanostructures.
NIR-light-mediated spatially selective triggering of anti-tumor immunity via upconversion nanoparticle-based immunodevices
Authors: Chu Hongqian , Zhao Jian , Mi Yongsheng , Di Zhenghan , Li Lele
Published: June 2019

Immunomodulatory therapies are becoming a paradigm-shifting treatment modality for cancer. Despite promising clinical results, cancer immunotherapy is accompanied with off-tumor toxicity and autoimmune adverse effects. Thus, the development of smarter systems to regulate immune responses with superior spatiotemporal precision and enhanced safety is urgently needed. Here we report an activatable engineered immunodevice that enables remote control over the antitumor immunity in vitro and in vivo with near-infrared (NIR) light. The immunodevice is composed of a rationally designed UV light-activatable immunostimulatory agent and upconversion nanoparticle, which acts as a transducer to shift the light sensitivity of the device to the NIR window. The controlled immune regulation allows the generation of effective immune response within tumor without disturbing immunity elsewhere in the body, thereby maintaining the antitumor efficacy while mitigating systemic toxicity. The present work illustrates the potential of the remote-controlled immunodevice for triggering of immunoactivity at the right time and site.
High efficiency perovskite quantum dot solar cells with charge separating heterostructure
Authors: Zhao Qian , Hazarika Abhijit , Chen Xihan , Harvey Steve P. , Larson Bryon W. , Teeter Glenn R. , Liu Jun , Song Tao , Xiao Chuanxiao , Shaw Liam , Zhang Minghui , Li Guoran , Beard Matthew C. , Luther Joseph M.
Published: June 2019

Metal halide perovskite semiconductors possess outstanding characteristics for optoelectronic applications including but not limited to photovoltaics. Low-dimensional and nanostructured motifs impart added functionality which can be exploited further. Moreover, wider cation composition tunability and tunable surface ligand properties of colloidal quantum dot (QD) perovskites now enable unprecedented device architectures which differ from thin-film perovskites fabricated from solvated molecular precursors. Here, using layer-by-layer deposition of perovskite QDs, we demonstrate solar cells with abrupt compositional changes throughout the perovskite film. We utilize this ability to abruptly control composition to create an internal heterojunction that facilitates charge separation at the internal interface leading to improved photocarrier harvesting. We show how the photovoltaic performance depends upon the heterojunction position, as well as the composition of each component, and we describe an architecture that greatly improves the performance of perovskite QD photovoltaics.
A high-throughput screening and computation platform for identifying synthetic promoters with enhanced cell-state specificity (SPECS)
Authors: Wu Ming-Ru , Nissim Lior , Stupp Doron , Pery Erez , Binder-Nissim Adina , Weisinger Karen , Enghuus Casper , Palacios Sebastian R. , Humphrey Melissa , Zhang Zhizhuo , Maria Novoa Eva , Kellis Manolis , Weiss Ron , Rabkin Samuel D. , Tabach Yuval , Lu Timothy K.
Published: June 2019

Cell state-specific promoters constitute essential tools for basic research and biotechnology because they activate gene expression only under certain biological conditions. Synthetic Promoters with Enhanced Cell-State Specificity (SPECS) can be superior to native ones, but the design of such promoters is challenging and frequently requires gene regulation or transcriptome knowledge that is not readily available. Here, to overcome this challenge, we use a next-generation sequencing approach combined with machine learning to screen a synthetic promoter library with 6107 designs for high-performance SPECS for potentially any cell state. We demonstrate the identification of multiple SPECS that exhibit distinct spatiotemporal activity during the programmed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as SPECS for breast cancer and glioblastoma stem-like cells. We anticipate that this approach could be used to create SPECS for gene therapies that are activated in specific cell states, as well as to study natural transcriptional regulatory networks.
Intensified East Asian winter monsoon during the last geomagnetic reversal transition
Authors: Ueno Yusuke , Hyodo Masayuki , Yang Tianshui , Katoh Shigehiro
Published: June 2019

The strength of Earth’s magnetic dipole field controls galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux, and GCR-induced cloud formation can affect climate. Here, we provide the first evidence of the GCR-induced cloud effect on the East-Asian monsoon during the last geomagnetic reversal transition. Bicentennial-resolution monsoon records from the Chinese Loess Plateau revealed that the summer monsoon (SM) was affected by millennial-scale climate events that occurred before and after the reversal, and that the winter monsoon (WM) intensified independently of SM variations; dust accumulation rates increased, coinciding with a cooling event in Osaka Bay. The WM intensification event lasted about 5000 years across an SM peak, during which the Earth’s magnetic dipole field weakened to <25% of its present strength and the GCR flux increased by more than 50%. Thus, the WM intensification likely resulted from the increased land–ocean temperature gradient originating with the strong Siberian High that resulted from the umbrella effect of increased low-cloud cover through an increase in GCR flux.
Label propagation defines signaling networks associated with recurrently mutated cancer genes
Authors: Cakir Merve , Mukherjee Sayan , Wood Kris C.
Published: June 2019

Human tumors have distinct profiles of genomic alterations, and each of these alterations has the potential to cause unique changes to cellular homeostasis. Detailed analyses of these changes could reveal downstream effects of genomic alterations, contributing to our understanding of their roles in tumor development and progression. Across a range of tumor types, including bladder, lung, and endometrial carcinoma, we determined genes that are frequently altered in The Cancer Genome Atlas patient populations, then examined the effects of these alterations on signaling and regulatory pathways. To achieve this, we used a label propagation-based methodology to generate networks from gene expression signatures associated with defined mutations. Individual networks offered a large-scale view of signaling changes represented by gene signatures, which in turn reflected the scope of molecular events that are perturbed in the presence of a given genomic alteration. Comparing different networks to one another revealed common biological pathways impacted by distinct genomic alterations, highlighting the concept that tumors can dysregulate key pathways through multiple, seemingly unrelated mechanisms. Finally, altered genes inducing common changes to the signaling network were used to search for genomic markers of drug response, connecting shared perturbations to differential drug sensitivity.
Optimal composition and position of histidine-containing tags improves biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled DARPin G3
Authors: Vorobyeva Anzhelika , Schulga Alexey , Konovalova Elena , Güler Rezan , Löfblom John , Sandström Mattias , Garousi Javad , Chernov Vladimir , Bragina Olga , Orlova Anna , Tolmachev Vladimir , Deyev Sergey M.
Published: June 2019

Radionuclide molecular imaging of HER2 expression in disseminated cancer enables stratification of patients for HER2-targeted therapies. DARPin G3, a small (14 kDa) engineered scaffold protein, is a promising probe for imaging of HER2. We hypothesized that position (C- or N-terminus) and composition (hexahistidine or (HE)3) of histidine-containing tags would influence the biodistribution of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-labeled DARPin G3. To test the hypothesis, G3 variants containing tags at N-terminus (H6-G3 and (HE)3-G3) or at C-terminus (G3-H6 and G3-(HE)3) were labeled with [99mTc]Tc(CO)3. Labeling yield, label stability, specificity and affinity of the binding to HER2, biodistribution and tumor targeting properties of these variants were compared side-by-side. There was no substantial influence of position and composition of the tags on binding of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-labeled variants to HER2. The specificity of HER2 targeting in vivo was confirmed. The tumor uptake in BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing SKOV3 xenografts was similar for all variants. On the opposite, there was a strong influence of the tags on uptake in normal tissues. The tumor-to-liver ratio for [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-G3 was three-fold higher compared to the hexahistidine-tag containing variants. Overall, [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-G3 variant provided the highest tumor-to-lung, tumor-to-liver, tumor-to-bone and tumor-to-muscle ratios, which should improve sensitivity of HER2 imaging in these common metastatic sites.
Impact of curcumin delivery system format on bioaccessibility: nanocrystals, nanoemulsion droplets, and natural oil bodies
Authors: Zheng Bingjing , Zhang Xiaoyun , Peng Shengfeng , Julian McClements David
Published: June 2019

The bioaccessibility of curcumin encapsulated in a variety of colloidal delivery systems was compared.
Gold(iii)-catalyzed chemoselective annulations of anthranils with N-allylynamides for the synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-imines
Authors: Song Lina , Tian Xianhai , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: June 2019

We herein report the gold(iii)-catalyzed selective annulation of anthranils with N-allylynamides under mild conditions.
Structural and dynamical heterogeneities at glutamine–water interfaces
Authors: Qaisrani Muhammad Nawaz , Grisanti Luca , Gebauer Ralph , Hassanali Ali
Published: June 2019

The behavior of water at the surfaces of solid amino acid crystals has received little attention despite its importance in nucleation processes.
Selective formation of formic acid from biomass-derived glycolaldehyde with supported ruthenium hydroxide catalysts
Authors: Modvig A. , Riisager A.
Published: June 2019

Ceria-supported ruthenium hydroxide catalysts, Ru(OH)x/CeO2, with micro- and nanoparticle supports were applied for selective aerobic oxidation of glycolaldehyde (GAD) to formic acid (FA) in water under mild and base-free conditions.
Enhanced cytotoxicity of indenyl molybdenum(ii) compounds bearing a thiophene function
Authors: Mrózek Ondřej , Melounková Lucie , Dostál Libor , Císařová Ivana , Eisner Aleš , Havelek Radim , Peterová Eva , Honzíček Jan , Vinklárek Jaromír
Published: June 2019

New indenyl molybdenum(ii) compounds with improved cytotoxic properties were synthesized and evaluated in lung cancer cells A549.
Resolution of minor size differences in a family of heteroleptic coordination cages by trapped ion mobility ESI-MS
Authors: Ebbert Kristina E. , Schneider Laura , Platzek André , Drechsler Christoph , Chen Bin , Rudolf Robin , Clever Guido H.
Published: June 2019

Trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry shows its power as analytical tool in supramolecular chemistry by discriminating ten heteroleptic coordination cage derivatives, only differing slightly in size.
A series of new hybrid chalcogenogermanates: the rare examples of chalcogenogermanates combined with trivalent vanadium complexes
Authors: Luo Hai-Ying , Zhou Jian , Cao Shumei
Published: June 2019

A series of new hybrid chalcogenogermanates were synthesized by solvothermal methods, whose trivalent vanadium selenidogermanates show photocurrent response properties.
Investigation of the magnetic anisotropy in a series of trigonal bipyramidal Mn(ii) complexes
Authors: Hay Moya A. , Sarkar Arup , Marriott Katie E. R. , Wilson Claire , Rajaraman Gopalan , Murrie Mark
Published: June 2019

The trigonal symmetry around the MnII ion is fine-tuned to control the rhombic zero-field splitting.
Formic acid, a biomass-derived source of energy and hydrogen for biomass upgrading
Authors: Valentini Federica , Kozell Vadym , Petrucci Chiara , Marrocchi Assunta , Gu Yanlong , Gelman Dmitri , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: June 2019

Formic acid is a main product from biomass-derived carbohydrates and is attracting ever more attention as a hydrogen source for a sustainable chemical production.
Obesity is associated with copper elevation in serum and tissues
Authors: Yang Haojun , Liu Chin-Nung , Wolf Risa M. , Ralle Martina , Dev Som , Pierson Hannah , Askin Frederic , Steele Kimberley E. , Magnuson Thomas H. , Schweitzer Michael A. , Wong G. William , Lutsenko Svetlana
Published: June 2019

In obesity, copper and cuproproteins are elevated in circulation, adipose tissue, and liver.
Synthesis, crystal structure and immobilization of a new cobalt(ii) complex with a 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine ligand on modified magnetic nanoparticles as a catalyst for the oxidation of alkanes
Authors: Azarkamanzad Zahra , Farzaneh Faezeh , Maghami Mahboobeh , Simpson Jim
Published: June 2019

A new Co(ii) complex with formula [Co(tptz)Cl2]·2H2O (tptz = 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) has been synthesized and characterized, followed by being supported on modified magnetic nanoparticles as a catalyst for the oxidation of alkanes.
Solid solution phosphide (Mn1−xFexP) as a tunable conversion/alloying hybrid anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kim Kyeong-Ho , Kim Won-Sik , Hong Seong-Hyeon
Published: June 2019

Solid solution Mn1−xFexP as a conversion/alloying hybrid anode is one of the effective methods for developing new promising anode materials for LIBs.
Tungsten oxide nanostructures and nanocomposites for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zheng Guangwei , Wang Jinshu , Liu Hu , Murugadoss Vignesh , Zu Guannan , Che Haibing , Lai Chen , Li Hongyi , Ding Tao , Gao Qiang , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2019

This paper reviews nanostructural tungsten oxides and their nanocomposites to enhance the activity of photoelectrochemical water splitting.
High-sensitivity and fast-response fiber-tip Fabry–Pérot hydrogen sensor with suspended palladium-decorated graphene
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhou Yanglin , Bai Xue , Chen Kai , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: June 2019

Integration of suspended Pd-decorated graphene and fiber-optic sensing technology enables sensitive, fast-response, and intrinsically safe hydrogen detection.
Engineering mannosylated nanogels with membrane-disrupting properties
Authors: De Coen Ruben , Nuhn Lutz , De Geest Bruno G.
Published: June 2019

In this work, mannosylated core-cross-linked nanogels are designed that contain cationic moieties in their core.
A facile route to mechanically robust graphene oxide fibers
Authors: Kwon Youbin , Lee Byoung-Sun , Park Sarang , Yu Woong-Ryeol
Published: June 2019

Excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of graphene have been achieved at the macroscale by assembling individual graphene or graphene oxide (GO) particles.
Introduction of the α-ketoamide structure: en route to develop hydrogen peroxide responsive prodrugs
Authors: Meng Tingting , Han Jing , Zhang Pengfei , Hu Jing , Fu Junjie , Yin Jian
Published: June 2019

New light on H2O2-activated prodrugs: the first α-ketoamide based prodrug opens up new alternatives for designing non-boron based H2O2-responsive promoieties.
Spectroscopic, thermodynamic and computational evidence of the locations of the FADs in the nitrogen fixation-associated electron transfer flavoprotein
Authors: Mohamed-Raseek Nishya , Duan H. Diessel , Hildebrandt Peter , Mroginski Maria Andrea , Miller Anne-Frances
Published: June 2019

Experiments and computation establish the locations of the two flavins whose contrasting reactivities produce electron bifurcation in ETFs. They confirm the accepted model and support homologies & distinctions between bifurcating and canonical ETFs.
Dynamic colloidal nanoparticle assembly triggered by aptamer–receptor interactions on live cell membranes
Authors: Yang Linlin , Meng Lingyan , Song Jiaying , Xiao Yue , Wang Ruowen , Kang Huaizhi , Han Da
Published: June 2019

We engineered an aptamer and DNA displacement reaction-based dynamic system that can transform its shape in response to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on live cell membranes.
α-Silicon effect assisted Curtin–Hammett allylation using allylcopper reagents derived from 1,3-dienylsilanes
Authors: Gao Shang , Chen Ming
Published: June 2019

Cu-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of (E)-δ-silyl-anti-homoallylic alcohols from 1,3-dienylsilane was developed.
Evolution of critical buckling conditions in imperfect bilayer shells through residual swelling
Authors: Lee Anna , Yan Dong , Pezzulla Matteo , Holmes Douglas P. , Reis Pedro M.
Published: June 2019

We propose and investigate a minimal mechanism that makes use of differential swelling to modify the critical buckling conditions of elastic bilayer shells, as measured by the knockdown factor.
lncRNA-PCAT1 rs2632159 polymorphism could be a biomarker for colorectal cancer susceptibility
Authors: Yang Ming-li , Huang Zhe , Wu Li-na , Wu Rong , Ding Han-xi , Wang Ben-gang
Published: June 2019

Background: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lncRNAs could be biomarkers for susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC), but the association of PCAT1 polymorphisms and CRC susceptibility is yet to be studied. Methods: Five tagSNPs covering the PCAT1 gene were detected through Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR among 436 CRC patients and 510 controls. An expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) bioinformatic analysis was then performed. Results: In the present study, PCAT1 rs2632159 polymorphism increased CRC risk by 1.37-fold and 2.19-fold in the dominant and recessive models, respectively (P=0.040 and 0.041). When the CRC cases were divided into colon cancer and rectal cancer, we found that this polymorphism affected colon cancer risk under the dominant model (P=0.022, OR = 1.51) and affected rectal cancer susceptibility under the recessive model (P=0.009, OR = 3.03). A more pronounced effect was observed in the male subgroup in that PCAT1 rs2632159 SNP increased rectal cancer risk by 3.97-fold (P=0.017). When PCAT1 rs2632159 was present, epistatic effects were observed with rs1902432 and rs785005 (P=0.011 and 0.008, respectively). eQTL analysis showed that rs2632159 could influence binding with the transcription factors EBF, LUN-1, and TCF12. Conclusion:PCAT1 rs2632159 SNP could be a biomarker for CRC risk. And the rs1902432 SNP might only have potential to be a biomarker for colon cancer risk.
Effects of Age at Cochlear Implantation on Learning and Cognition: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Marschark Marc , Duchesne Louise , Pisoni David
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Age at cochlear implantation frequently is assumed to be a key predictor of pediatric implantation benefits, but outcomes related to learning and cognition appear inconsistent. This critical assessment examines relevant literature in an effort to evaluate the impact of age at implantation in those domains for individuals who received their devices as children.

Method

We examined 44 peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2018 considering age at implantation and conducted statistical analyses regarding its impact on several domains, including literacy, academic achievement, memory, and theory of mind.

Results

Across 167 assessments in various experiments and conditions, only 21% of the analyses related to age at implantation yielded evidence in favor of earlier implantation, providing greater benefits to academic achievement, learning, or cognition compared to implantation later in childhood. Among studies that considered cognitive processing (e.g., executive function, memory, visual–spatial functioning), over twice as many analyses indicated significant benefits of earlier implantation when it was considered as a discrete rather than a continuous variable.

Conclusion

Findings raise methodological, practical, and theoretical questions concerning how “early” is defined in studies concerning early cochlear implantation, the impact of confounding factors, and the use of nonstandard outcome measures. The present results and convergent findings from other studies are discussed in terms of the larger range of variables that need to be considered in evaluating the benefits of cochlear implantation and question the utility of considering age at implantation as a “gold standard” with regard to evaluating long-term outcomes of the procedure as a medical treatment/intervention for hearing loss.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8323625
Longitudinal Change in Speech Rate and Intelligibility Between 5 and 7 Years in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Braza Meredith D. , Sakash Ashley , Natzke Phoebe , Hustad Katherine C.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

We examined growth between 5 and 7 years in speech intelligibility, speech rate, and intelligible words per minute (IWPM) in 3 groups of children: those who were typically developing (TD), those with cerebral palsy (CP) and clinical speech motor impairment (SMI), and those with CP and no SMI (NSMI).

Method

Twenty-six children with CP, 16 with SMI, and 10 with NSMI were each seen at 5, 6, and 7 years of age. A cross-sectional group of 30 age-matched TD children, 10 in each age group, were included as controls. All children produced a corpus of utterances of 2–7 words.

Results

All groups of children showed increases in intelligibility and IWPM between 5 and 7 years. Only children with SMI showed increases in speech rate over time. Patterns of change were similar for children in the TD and NSMI groups but different for children in the SMI group.

Conclusions

The window of time between 5 and 7 years is an important period of growth for the production of connected speech where nearly all children, regardless of group, made significant changes in speech intelligibility and IWPM. Interventions focusing specifically on enhancing intelligibility in this age range may help facilitate even further growth in children with SMI, who still had marked intelligibility reductions at 7 years of age.
Effects of Written, Auditory, and Combined Modalities on Comprehension by People With Aphasia
Authors: Knollman-Porter Kelly , Wallace Sarah E. , Brown Jessica A. , Hux Karen , Hoagland Brielle L. , Ruff Darbi R.
Published: June 2019

Background

People with aphasia experience reading challenges affecting participation in daily activities. Researchers have found combined auditory and written presentation modalities help people with aphasia comprehend contrived sentences and narratives, but less is known about the effects of combined modalities on functional, expository text comprehension.

Aims

This study's purpose was to examine comprehension accuracy, reviewing time, and modality preference of people with aphasia when presented with edited newspaper articles in written only, auditory only, and combined written and auditory modalities.

Method and Procedure

Twenty-eight adults with chronic aphasia read and/or listened to 36 passages. Following each passage, participants answered comprehension questions. Then, they ranked the modalities in accordance with preference and provided a rationale for their ranking.

Outcomes and Results

Comprehension accuracy was significantly better in the combined than auditory-only condition and in the written-only than auditory-only condition; the difference between combined and written-only conditions was not significant. Reviewing time differed significantly among conditions with the written-only condition taking longest and the auditory-only condition taking shortest. Most participants preferred the combined condition.

Conclusions

Access to combined modalities helps people with aphasia comprehend expository passages such as those found in newspapers better than auditory-only presentation. Furthermore, combined presentation decreases reviewing time from that needed for unsupported reading without compromising comprehension accuracy. Given that most participants preferred combined modality presentation, providing simultaneous auditory and written access to content through text-to-speech technology is a viable strategy when aphasia results in persistent reading challenges.
Semantic Category Convergence in Spanish–English Bilingual Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Shivabasappa Prarthana , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The study examines the extent of convergence of semantic category members in Spanish–English bilingual children with reference to adults using a semantic fluency task.

Method

Thirty-seven children with developmental language disorder (DLD), matched pairwise with 37 typically developing (TD) children in the age range of 7;0–9;11 (years;months), produced items in 7 semantic categories (3 taxonomic and 4 slot-filler) in both Spanish and English. The 10 most frequently produced items for each category by 20 Spanish–English bilingual adults were identified as the most prototypical responses. The top 10 items generated by TD children and children with DLD, in their order of production, were analyzed for the amount of convergence with adults' responses.

Results

The top 5 items produced by children with DLD showed similar convergence scores as those produced by their TD peers. However, their responses in the 6th to 10th positions showed lower convergence scores than their TD peers. Children's convergence scores were higher for the slot-filler condition compared to taxonomic in both English and Spanish. The convergence scores also significantly differed across the semantic categories.

Conclusion

The children with DLD show greater convergence on the typical items generated earlier in their word lists than the items generated later. This pattern of convergence and divergence highlights their strengths and weaknesses in the representation of lexical–semantic knowledge for typical versus less typical items.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8323613
Language Training Leads to Global Cognitive Improvement in Older Adults: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wong Patrick C. M. , Ou Jinghua , Pang Celestina W. Y. , Zhang Ling , Tse Chi Shing , Lam Linda C. W. , Antoniou Mark
Published: June 2019

Purpose

We report a preliminary study that prospectively tests the potential cognitive enhancing effect of foreign language (FL) learning in older adults with no clear signs of cognitive decline beyond what is age typical. Because language learning engages a large brain network that overlaps with the network of cognitive aging, we hypothesized that learning a new language later in life would be beneficial.

Method

Older adults were randomly assigned to 3 training groups: FL, games, and music appreciation. All were trained predominately by a computer-based program for 6 months, and their cognitive abilities were tested before, immediately after, and 3 months after training.

Results

FL and games, but not music appreciation, improved overall cognitive abilities that were maintained at 3 months after training.

Conclusion

This is the 1st randomized control study providing preliminary support for the cognitive benefits of FL learning.
Experimental and Computational Modeling of the Effects of Voice Therapy Using Tubes
Authors: Horáček J. , Radolf V. , Laukkanen A.-M.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Phonations into a tube with the distal end either in the air or submerged in water are used for voice therapy. This study explores the effective mechanisms of these therapy methods.

Method

The study applied a physical model complemented by calculations from a computational model, and the results were compared to those that have been reported for humans. The effects of tube phonation on vocal tract resonances and oral pressure variation were studied. The relationships of transglottic pressure variation in time

P
trans

(
t
) versus glottal area variation in time
GA
(
t
) were constructed.

Results

The physical model revealed that, for the phonation on [u:] vowel through a glass resonance tube ending in the air, the 1st formant frequency (

F
1

) decreased by 67%, from 315 Hz to 105 Hz, thus slightly above the fundamental frequency (

F
0

) that was set to 90–94 Hz
.
For phonation through the tube into water,

F
1

decreased by 91%–92%, reaching 26–28 Hz, and the water bubbling frequency

F
b

≅ 19–24 Hz was just below

F
1

. The relationships of

P
trans

(
t
) versus
GA
(
t
) clearly differentiate vowel phonation from both therapy methods, and show a physical background for voice therapy with tubes. It is shown that comparable results have been measured in humans during tube therapy. For the tube in air,

F
1

descends closer to

F
0

, whereas for the tube in water, the frequency

F
b

occurs close to the acoustic-mechanical resonance of the human vocal tract.

Conclusion

In both therapy methods, part of the airflow energy required for phonation is substituted by the acoustic energy utilizing the 1st acoustic resonance. Thus, less flow energy is needed for vocal fold vibration, which results in improved vocal efficiency. The effect can be stronger in water resistance therapy if the frequency

F
b

approaches the acoustic-mechanical resonance of the vocal tract, while simultaneously

F
0

is voluntarily changed close to

F
1.
8‐port multibeam planar UWB‐MIMO antenna with pattern and polarisation diversity
Authors: Mathur Rohit , Dwari Santanu
Published: June 2019

In this study, an 8‐port multibeam ultrawideband multi‐input–multi‐output (UWB‐MIMO) antenna having pattern and polarisation diversity is investigated for Wireless Personal‐Area Network access points. The proposed antenna consists of two different types of slot radiators, each of them provides four directive beams. The novelty of the proposed design is the achievement of a compact 8‐port UWB‐MIMO antenna using a common ground plane. Eight additional grounded slits are used in this design to enhance isolation. Antenna elements are placed in such a way that two adjacent antennas contribute different patterns. Results show that all the eight antenna elements cover complete UWB (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) with port isolation better than 15 dB. Proposed design offers gain better than 2 dB with envelop correlation coefficient lower than 0.1 from all ports.