bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Third angle projection
Authors: RHODES R.S.
Published: February 2008

An excellent perspex model to illustrate Third Angle projection was featured in one of the earliest issues of technical education. At that time a home‐made fixed model of mine, FIGURE 1, was proving to be quite successful in showing to a comparatively small number of students the difference between First and Third Angle projection. Engraving the lines on to the perspex faces of the model before assembly was a tedious operation and, although the advantages of a ‘glass box’ which opened out were fully appreciated, it was clear that a less painstaking way of producing black lines on a clear surface would have to be found. At the back of my mind had been the thought that photographic methods might provide a solution to the problem.
Priorities in technical education
Authors: JACKSON WILLIS
Published: February 2008

‘The determination of priorities in technical education and their relevance to possible forms of Commonwealth co‐operation’. This was the title of Sir Willis's address to the third Commonwealth Education Conference held in Ottawa, which we reproduce here in full
International Apprentice Competition, Lisbon
Authors: Brown of Skefko Ltd J.B. , Watts of Metal Box Ltd J.
Published: February 2008

This Craft Olympic Competition is one to be remembered for the outstanding success of the British Team in winning eight gold medals, five silver medals and two bronze medals, and it is only to be hoped that we do as well in the other Olympics.
‘The Pattern of the Future’
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

The MOL Manpower Research Unit came into existence in 1963 with a staff of two: it now has a staff of 20 or thereabouts. It cannot be expected to have achieved wonders by this early date. Nevertheless its first report, entitled — perhaps a little misleadingly — ‘The Pattern of the Future’, is welcome and can be described as competent but dull.
Field review of ‘A/S’ level chemistry textbooks
Authors: BASSEY MICHAEL
Published: February 2008

For students of chemistry at the Advanced and Scholarship level of the General Certificate of Education, there are at least 23 books on sale for the physical chemistry part of their syllabus, 15 for the inorganic, 17 for the organic and 31 for various aspects of the practical. This field review, to be published in six parts, is an attempt at objective appraisal of these books.
Producing 8mm teaching films
Authors: HANCOCK C.V. , BONE G.E.
Published: February 2008

Cine film, correctly used, can be a powerful aid to technical teaching. It is an effective means of lesson illustration, bringing into the classroom those things which the student may not otherwise experience at first hand.
Technical training sparks industrialisation in American South
Authors: KREPELA RICHARD
Published: February 2008

The dedication this year of a new £1 million ($2·9 million) technical school to serve a six‐county area surrounding Atlanta, Georgia, marks a dramatic shift in educational emphasis in the American South. Until now, the bulk of occupational training funds went into agriculturally oriented programmes, despite the fact that less than one fifth of the students taking such courses ever subsequently worked on farms.
Implementing the Act … progress report 2
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

In temporary quarters in a secluded London backwater, peeling but elegant, overlooking Regent's Park, the greatest training exercise ever undertaken in Britain is being slowly, though relentlessly, mounted. It is from here, this monument to faded gentility, that the newly‐created training board for the engineering industry has started to spread out its tentacles —tentacles which will eventually search out every engineering firm in Britain employing more than five people.
Field review of ‘A/S’ level chemistry textbooks
Authors: BASSEY MICHAEL
Published: February 2008

PART V Organic chemistry textbooks. Twenty textbooks of organic chemistry are considered in this part of the review and the organic sections of the syllabuses of three GCE Boards are analysed.
First jobs
Authors: AVENT CATHERINE , BRYDEN ANN
Published: February 2008

The authors quote a number of opinions expressed by young people about their first jobs. The general picture is rather encouraging — some even show a touch of that old‐fashioned commodity, pride in their work
DESIGNED FOR TEACHING
Authors: Cook S.J. , Wilson J.
Published: February 2008

Spark machining is a process of growing importance in industry, but its full potential has yet to be realised. While it is, of course, industry's business to give it a try, or at least keep an open mind about it, clearly the colleges ought to be keeping fully abreast of it as a process which is going to have a lasting effect.
The latest from the Engineering ITB
Authors: WELLENS JOHN
Published: February 2008

Mr T. A. Swinden will take up his duties as Director of the Engineering Industry Training Board on 1st July.
Drawing board available
Authors: HEILBRONN LIONEL
Published: February 2008

I wish to dispose of an Antiquarian size drawing board with set‐square, for which I have no further use. The board is in good condition, has, of course, pin‐holes, and would be of great use to architects or engineers, whether practising or studying.
The college office
Authors: HIRD G.F.
Published: February 2008

The general office in most technical colleges has two failings. Firstly, and mainly, the number of staff is insufficient to deal with the existing work load, and is certainly far smaller than it should be if teachers are to have reasonable assistance. Secondly, the college office is inefficient to the extent that the service it now offers is below the standard it need be, often because it lacks effective control.
The Metcalfe approach
Authors: Finch Ian
Published: February 2008

Peter Haxby of Royce's is a man of no mean standing among training managers. Like most other people at BACIE's September conference at Loughborough he confessed to being sceptical and curious about the manner of man Frank Metcalfe would turn out to be. And, again like most others, he stayed through to the end to hear him.
Integrating College reprographic services
Authors: YOUNG J.B.
Published: February 2008

The author considers the impact of the need to produce transparencies for the overhead projector on the whole reprographic equipment of a college
National needs in management training
Authors: ALLEN K.R.
Published: February 2008

The first academic appointments at the London Graduate School of Business Studies have been announced. The list makes impressive reading. It is obvious that the business schools are setting out to attract men of high calibre — and are succeeding. From the start the intention has been to set high standards, not only in staff, but in choice of subject matter and in selection of entrants. Accordingly we have, on the one hand, two professors of economics, and professors for marketing, statistics and finance and, on the other hand, plans that seem to be aimed at producing a small number of highly erudite managers each year. All this is fine as far as it goes. Anything that helps to get more systematic scientific business methods established in British industry is welcome.
The public image of the training officer
Authors: STEVENSON V.T.
Published: February 2008

Recently, I had need to recruit a new training officer for an engineering firm with which I am associated. Because I believe very strongly in the policy of promotion from within, I publicised the vacancy amongst the personnel of the company concerned and also examined carefully its personnel records to see whether any ex‐apprentices or other skilled staff could be approached to take the post.
An all‐purpose work unit
Authors: RHODES R.S.
Published: February 2008

In 1958, the Engineering Department of the North Staffordshire College of Technology took over extensions which included a rectangular four storey block of concrete and glass, a familiar shape in many colleges today.
The place of engineering in the sixth‐form curriculum
Authors: Semper E.
Published: February 2008

Mr Semper provides a fascinating picture of the ideas behind the progress of the Schools Council towards provision of engineering in the upper forms of schools. The development of two A‐level syllabuses is detailed, together with the philosophy behind the group's approach. Publication coincides with the recent DES decision to attempt to bridge the gap between schools and technical colleges.
Perception and communication
Authors: Abercrombie M.L.J.
Published: February 2008

This article was originally delivered as a lecture at the London Institute of Education. The author gives examples of errors in perception and relates them to the field of education.
Designed for teaching
Authors: Haselgrove M.L.
Published: February 2008

Practically every school or college now possesses a good 16 mm projector, designed to project silent film or to add sound from optical film track or magnetic stripe. Many such machines also enable the user to add sound by recording, on the magnetic stripe, a suitable commentary as he views the projected film. Simple methods of adding sound accurately synchronized from tape run through a tape recorder are less common, but this can be achieved if one is prepared to go to some trouble to ensure mechanical synchronization.
The sacred disease
Authors: Toulson Shirley
Published: February 2008

Miss Toulson investigates the employment prospects of epileptics and points out their personal difficulties in finding a job. A strong plea is made for objective and unprejudiced consideration of the epileptic's employ ability, based on specific facts related to the individual case rather than folk fears of the condition.
The Centrifugal Pump and the Engineering Student
Authors: Stride P.J.E.
Published: February 2008

The centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used pieces of equipment found in industry. Despite this, an engineering student often completes his course of study with only the vaguest idea about the selection and performance of pumps of both the centrifugal and axial flow types.
Technical education: an alternative route
Authors: Lee David
Published: February 2008

It has usually been considered that technical education provides social and educational opportunities for ‘able’ secondary modern school leavers and others who missed their chance at school. This article discusses the size of the ‘reservoir’ of ability and the extent to which the opportunity can exist, in view of the present arrangement of courses and the attitude of employers.
Education and training for industry and commerce in the Netherlands
Authors: Leese John
Published: February 2008

There is a close similarity between the present world positions of Britain and the Netherlands. Both countries have lost the bulk of their colonies and all that went with them in wealth and self‐esteem. Both are relatively small countries largely dependent on their export trade. Both have had to recover from the devastation of the last war. Both have long imperial histories and could be tempted to live on past glories.
A ball in flight
Authors: Thomson R.
Published: February 2008

A ball is the main instrument in most outdoor games, and be it football, baseball, cricket, tennis or golf, the common aim is controlled flight in the air. Superficial considerations of the mechanics of a ball in free flight may suggest that the ball describes a simple arc with trajectory in one vertical plane. This rarely happens; it climbs, plunges, swerves laterally and even stalls. It seems to possess a will of its own which defeats most players of all games, yet when exploited by a master of any one of them is a thrill to watch, e.g. an in‐swinging corner‐kick landing in the net, a straight driven golf ball boring into the wind, a cricket ball bowled with late swerve, a tennis ball topping the net and diving to the court, to list but a few. For these things to happen some complex force must act on the ball. This force, since it can come only from the air, is an aerodynamic force. Many learned papers have been written on rotating cylinders and spheres but few of them can be understood by an intelligent layman. It is the purpose of this article to explain in a simple way how this force comes about.
The training of adults in Spain
Authors: McSweeny J.H.
Published: February 2008

Since 1962 (Technical Education, Dec 1962, Jan and Feb 1963), the emphasis of technical education and training in Spain has shifted more and more to the training of adults. There are two categories to which special attention has been given—firstly, those who trained as craftsmen under the old system of merely serving time in a factory. These will have trained prior to the law of 1955 and hence will be mainly older men. There are particular problems with this type of craftsman should he become redundant for any reason, because he has no qualifications acceptable to another employer in the same grade as a craftsman. Likewise, he cannot obtain promotion in his own employment, because he has not the theoretical knowledge now considered essential for a craftsman. These un‐schooled craftsmen are mainly to be found in the larger centres of industry. Hence, the centres of accelerated training of adults as craftsmen (Formación Profesional Acelerada), whose development is described below, have been used to give the required background training to complete the practical skills which have already been acquired in industry.
Education and the new technology
Authors: MacKenzie Norman
Published: February 2008

The necessary revolution in education. This phrase was coined by Francis Keppel, formerly Dean of Education at Harvard University, then US Commissioner of Education under President Kennedy, and now Educational Director of the new General Learning Corporation formed jointly by Time‐Life and General Electric. Mr Keppel's recent book, The Necessary Revolution in American Education, discussed the shortcomings of the present educational system in the United States, showed why this system as it stands cannot cope with the demands that will be made on it, and concluded that a revolution, both in ways of teaching and in what is taught, is essential.
Through sculpture to design for industry
Authors: Orna Bernard
Published: February 2008

A point made informally during the Scarborough conference on teaching of engineering design, earlier this year (Technical Education, June 1966), may prompt further reflection: there is some progress in abandoning the notion that while the engineer is chiefly concerned with relating the machine to its work the industrial designer is concerned with relating the machine to man. That is to say there is still an inhibiting separation of functions and if the industrial designer is expected on the scene it is only for the closing stages of a project.
Technical education for developing countries
Authors: Adam Roy
Published: February 2008

The rulers of new nations are acutely aware of shortages of men and women with technical skills. Project after project must be discarded, even when money is available from loans or grants, because trained manpower cannot be provided. If invited to start new industries, private organizations lose interest when they discover that trained workers cannot be obtained, and government services and industries may be slowed to a standstill when expatriates go home.
The principals
Authors: Hird Gordon
Published: February 2008

There are 573 principals, including 32 women, of Colleges of Further Education, Regional Colleges, Art Colleges and other Major Establishments. Between them, these principals enrol one and a half million full‐ and part‐time students a year. To a considerable extent, they are responsible for the commercial and industrial education and training in this country.
Technical education in post‐war Poland
Authors: Kotas Richard
Published: February 2008

Technical education in Poland has a relatively long history. The first craft school was established in Opole in 1761 and, by the end of the 19th century, at least a dozen technical schools had been opened in various parts of the country. In 1937/38 there were some 110 000 pupils in craft schools and over 7000 in secondary technical schools.
Senati —
Authors: Beaumont Keith
Published: February 2008

Peru is among several underdeveloped countries that is developing its industries at such a rate as to lead to a serious shortage of skill craftsmen and technicians. Though in the past its skilled fine metalwork, pottery and textiles were among the best in the world — today's industrial situation demands totally different skills. Due to lack of training facilities and of experienced personnel to man them, the working population has been unable to keep pace with the rate of industrial development. To counter this acute shortage the Peruvians have established a National Apprenticeship and Industrial Labour Service — SENATI — which is described in detail below.
Team teaching in further education
Authors: Mansell J.W.
Published: February 2008

A simplified definition of team teaching could be that it is a concept of teaching organization in which two or more teachers are given the responsibility for the teaching of a group of students assigned to them.
Some aspects of developments in science courses in FE establishments
Authors: Briggs R.T.
Published: February 2008

The lynch‐pin Since its inception in 1921, the National Certificate System has been the lynch‐pin of technical education. This is evident from two main considerations: first, from the increasing upsurge of interest shown in the system since the first certificates were awarded to successful candidates in mechanical engineering in 1922 (see graphs I and II), and second, from the key position that this system has occupied in the course ladder schemes in many of our technical colleges, providing a stepping‐stone for part‐time and evening students en route to professional and technological qualification (see Course Scheme I).
EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING IN JAPAN PART 2
Authors: BACON F.D.
Published: February 2008

Apart from its activities in sending out programmes for schools and for those who have left school before university entrance level, the Japanese State Broadcasting Corporation, NHK, also engages in a wide ranging social and further education programme. The general youth and adult programmes are part of a unified social education programme, which also makes provision for pre‐school age groups and for special categories of children.
COMMENT
Authors: Arnold Benedict
Published: February 2008

Conditions of service overshadowed all other questions at the ATTI Conference despite the imminence of salary negotiations and difficulties. The Association's executive were given clear notice of trouble if they fail to make progress on a national agreement.
2 Agriculture
Authors: Wiseman A.
Published: February 2008

How important is agricultural education in Denmark? Denmark, a country which at the moment, like the United Kingdom, is going through a difficult period.
A works‐release week
Authors: Wilson G.F. , Elsom D.G.
Published: February 2008

One can rarely read through a technical education journal or attend a meeting of Industrial Training Officers and schools staff without being confronted with the subject of industry/schools liaison. Many articles have been written expounding the values of such liaison in order to bring about an awareness of technology to the schoolboy but, to the best of our knowledge there is little on record of practical schemes which have been attempted to satisfy this need. We have been fortunate to have assisted in the organization of such a scheme and feel that the following account will be of interest to industrialists and schools staff who are contemplating co‐operation on this front.
The part‐time student
Authors: Youngman Janet
Published: February 2008

Throughout this issue there has been a deliberate emphasis on the links between schools, colleges and industry which might help to encourage the school‐leaver to move into an industrial career. What it shows is encouraging, since work of a similar nature is also occurring elsewhere — what it doesn't show is the varied success it might have pace the student. Miss Youngman left her Bedford grammar school aged 18, with only one A‐level. Due to personal circumstances, she did not go on to full‐time further education, but became a research assistant with Unilever, on ONC day‐release to the local college. This is her account of what it is like to be a young day‐release student.
COMMENT
Authors: Arnold Benedict
Published: February 2008

When Sir David Eccles went from the post of Minister of Education to the Presidency of the Board of Trade he was generally congratulated on his promotion. Subsequently he left the Board of Trade to become Minister of Education. This, we were told, was a further promotion — the importance of education happened to be increasing just as rapidly as that of Sir David. Since that time education has become so important that it rates not a mere Ministry but a Department of State. The head of this Department, Mr Anthony Crosland, has now become President of the Board of Trade, and the lobby correspondents have hailed his promotion. Evidently Trade is booming.
Closed shop ‐ closed minds the CEI exams and the colleges
Authors: Brosan G.S.
Published: February 2008

The CEI examinations represent an important development in the history of engineering education. In trying to assess their impact on technical colleges, one must say that the views that follow are the author's and do not represent the views of any committee or organization with which he is connected. Yet they are views that, in part, one has heard discussed ‘in the trade’ as it were; making allowance for selective listening, they go in some ways beyond what any one person might say.
PROGRESSION TO ASSESSMENT
Authors: Bacon Frank
Published: February 2008

With the increasing call of employers for higher qualifications for entry into industry more and more students are caught on the examination treadmill. Just how valid are the results given by the existing examination system? Here, Dr Frank Bacon gives his answers and outlines a scheme intended to show more accurately the ability of each student, not to pass exams, but to do the work set out for him.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

With Barbara Castle's plans for keeping death off our roads achieving a massive press and television coverage, there could be no better time for launching a film on safe driving. And Shell have done just this. Called Defensive Driving, (col, 13 min), it emphasizes the need for a driver to be constantly on guard against his own and other peoples mistakes.
Films
Authors: Edmonds Chris
Published: February 2008

Exports, so vital to our country's well‐being, don't just happen — overseas customers have to be skilfully stalked, expertly wooed and carefully cosseted. Experience has shown that one of the most successful ways for a firm to make an initial contact abroad is to get its products seen and discussed in the foreign country. Shop window for Exports (col, 24 min) explains three major government‐sponsored schemes for doing just this: Overseas Trade Fairs, British Weeks and Store Promotions.
The all‐through comprehensive
Authors: Burgess Tyrrell
Published: February 2008

Few educational reforms have owed much to the influence of parents and men in the street. Yet if the country is now curing itself, slowly and painfully, of the lunacy of selection at 11 plus, it is because parents and voters want it to. The only political party which might have opposed it knew that to become the party of the 11 plus was electoral folly. Most of the ‘save our grammar schools’ chaps have become in Cyril Hughes' happy phrase,WAFCEBs — ‘we are for comprehensive education, but …’ If it had not been for parental revulsion, the psychologists, researchers, journalists and socialists would still be bombinating in a void. Bluff commonsense, parental experience and educational theory have all led to the same conclusion — and selective diehards are left with arguments culled from Plato, the 18th century and pure ignorance.
Whither educational research?
Authors: Oxtoby Robert
Published: February 2008

Research not only plays an important part in many of the activities which influence our day‐to‐day life, but it can readily be seen to do so. Why then, it might be asked, do teachers and administrators tend to regard educational research as something that bears little or no relation to the problems which they face? Three years ago, the Society for Research into Higher Education was set up to make research findings more widely available and to promote their more effective use. In this article, Dr Oxtoby reports on the Society's Third Annual Conference and gives his own views on the need to look more closely at the relationship between research and educational practice.
COMMENT
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

Educationists responded to the threat of financial cuts in a characteristic manner that did them little credit. Kites were flown, rumours circulated, cliches dusted and flags saluted but little was done to clarify the issues at stake and reach some consensus about priorities. The occasion was used by the pressure groups to reaffirm their favourite policies — some educationists even seemed to welcome the cuts provided they were made in the right places.
Teacher or tutor
Authors: Adderley K.J.
Published: February 2008

The effects of examination stress will always be a popular topic of conversation in academic circles, whether related to the controversial 11‐plus, the GCE or the MSc, so long as some form of examination remains part of the academic curriculum. Many teachers wonder why the present situation differs from that of their own student days. Others suggest that it is merely a facet of the bigger problem of student welfare in a changing academic environment. The increasing number of students in universities, training colleges and technological institutions living away from home has increased the importance of efficient student welfare services to deal with problems of accommodation, health and adolescence. American writers claim that their university and college welfare services, however minute or expansive, are always stretched to capacity. Any rumour that this is “Parkinson at large” and not the fulfilment of a real need is strongly contested.
Streaming in Further Education
Authors: Bacon Frank
Published: February 2008

Streaming in schools is becoming a burning topic and the recently published Gittins Report on Primary Education in Wales has added some fuel to the fire. Although streaming by ability is not very old, arising as it did from the old standards system, some schools began to discard it quite a long time ago. I recall visting one such school in Huddersfield some fifteen years ago; its happy atmosphere and sense of worthwhile activity are still fresh in my mind. Nevertheless, the effects of the 11 plus selection examination and the slowness with which the results of educational research tend to percolate to the bulk of the teaching profession have operated to support streaming by ability.
Focus
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

It has been the month of the Conferences, especially of the National Union of Teachers, the National Association of Schoolmasters and the National Union of Students. All have paraded themselves, warts and all, for public inspection; an inspection, in some instances, that would have been best denied. It has also seen the demise of Mr Gordon Walker, the arrival of Mr Short; and the new book on the Risinghill affair.
Education by television
Authors: Kirk ITEC Alan
Published: February 2008

During the past five years it has become increasingly apparent that the media of communication have been used in isolation. Teachers have been conditioned to think in terms of a film or text book rather than an integration of the benefits of both in a learning system. This of course can be extended to include programmed learning, television, teaching machines etc.
PREPS
Authors: Render James
Published: February 2008

The Public Schools Commission's first report has already become a rather bad educational joke. Some are still laughing at it; others, within just three months, have half‐forgotten it. It is, perhaps, a little unfair. When you set out to achieve the impossible critics can afford to be a little more charitable about your subsequent failure.
COMMENT
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

The government brought to a halt the comprehensive reorganization of secondary education by its decision to cut the building programme. It announces now its intention to complete the reform by legislative action. Miss Alice Bacon, the Minister of State responsible for schools, made an announcement at the Labour Party Conference of the government's intention to introduce new legislation about secondary education. This has been interpreted by some commentators as an indication that having failed to find the necessary resources the government hopes to solve its problems by legislation: but the issue is more complicated than that. Miss Bacon also stated that the government will honour its commitment to raise the school‐leaving age in 1972‐73. But she did not announce a building programme to make all this realistic. How can the government possibly do all this?
COMMENT
Authors: Bennett Gordon
Published: February 2008

At the end of the year there is to be an upheaval at the headquarters of the Association of Teachers in Technical Institutions. Mr Edward Britton moves downstairs in Hamilton House to take up his appointment as general secretary designate of the NUT and is to be succeeded as ATTI Secretary by Mr Tom Driver; at the same time the ATTI acquires two new assistant secretaries, Mr William Boaden and Mr Peter Dawson. These changes will have important consequences for both the NUT and the ATTI.
Human rights
Authors: Goldman Ronald
Published: February 2008

Not very long ago many of us, who were aware of racial conflict and the problems of human rights in other countries, would have been very surprised that this kind of seminar was necessary in the United Kingdom. Racial problems did not happen to us but did happen to our sister countries. The kind of problems which we have long looked at dispassionately from afar are now happening to us. Even as little as five years ago when I began certain investigations in schools and discussed immigration with educators and administrators in this country, few would admit that the writing was on the wall and that our long cherished tradition of political, religious, and racial tolerance would be subjected to strain.
Feedback
Authors: Mansell Jack
Published: February 2008

No. 2 in a series of articles looking at methods and techniques used in technical teaching, in an attempt to define ‘progressive’ teaching in this sphere.
School Meals
Authors: Nash Roy
Published: February 2008

One of the saddest aspects of the education scene, as I have observed it over the past 16 years, is the hypocrisy of lip service paid to partnership — supposed to embrace LEAs, teachers and the DES — and the facts.
FOCUS
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

Utopia, according to the Government, is going to be reached well before 1980 and teachers will be running out of our ears. A new set of statistics, superseding the prosections made in the famous Ninth Report of the much‐lamented National Advisory Council on the Training and Supply of Teachers, was issued as a New Year present in the first week of January, and a surplus of qualified teachers — on the most pessimistic set of the Department of Education and Science projections — was forecast after 1979. On the more optimistic view of the rate of wastage from the profession, a surplus will be reached two years earlier.
The Teachers
Authors: Beard Roger
Published: February 2008

There were at the beginning of this year some 328 000 qualified teachers in primary and secondary schools — responsible for the education of nearly 7.8 million children. Trained either in one of the 184 colleges of education, or through post‐graduate university courses, they represent the largest intellectual labour force in the country. Yet few non‐teachers envy them their jobs, and a majority holds them in contempt.
Student protest: a plea for reason
Authors: Boyle Edward
Published: February 2008

Edward Boyle writes: ‘Student protest’ is not an easy subject for politicians at the present time. For there can be no doubt that public opinion is thoroughly aroused over the behaviour of a minority of students — and I do not mean only extremist opinion; there is the real risk of an ugly backlash from moderate, unfanatical, middle‐of‐the‐road opinion as well.
CCTV group study
Authors: Cowan John
Published: February 2008

Closed circuit television can be used in undergraduate teaching to increase efficiency and to decrease the total involvement of staff where the classes are large. So far this aim has generally been achieved in a situation closely related to conventional lecturing practice. The writer believes that television can also be used to advantage with group teaching methods (1) which have hitherto demanded a high proportion of staff contact time.
Senior staff training
Authors: Gardner John
Published: February 2008

There are about 40 000 full‐time teachers in Technical Colleges in this country. About 25 000 occupy posts in which they receive additions to salary for professional and academic qualifications. Of this 25 000 rather more than half are trained teachers; for the remainder in‐service training is available at a rate which indicates that some 20 years will pass before they all have a chance of training. Owing to wastage perhaps all of the assistant lecturers and lecturers grade I will be trained by 1985 either pre‐service or in‐service. What about those on consolidated scales? Eighty per cent of principals are trained, but of heads of departments, principal and senior lecturers and lecturers grade II only some 20 per cent have ever had professional training as teachers.
Personal
Authors: Nash Roy
Published: February 2008

At a recent primary school parents' meeting a bewildered mother complained that her daughter was having to endure the eleven‐plus. She had thought, she said, ‘that all that was done with.’
ACADEMIE
Authors: Ross Angus
Published: February 2008

The conflict of expectations which centres in the university has always existed. Abelard had his difficulties with the lay society in which he lived, and student riots against the faculty were not unknown in the Italian universities of the middle ages, that time which is so often advanced as the hey‐day of the well‐organized academic life. It is obvious, however, that within the last few years in Britain, the conflict has become if not more severe, at least more overt. Also, as the universities in Britain inescapably become larger and physically more complex, the direct action produced by the conflict of immediate expectations has become more public. It may even, on occasion as at LSE, paralyse the day‐to‐day functioning of the institution as an administrative structure. Such physical paralysis in turn offends the expectations of those who believe that they are paying for a piece of machinery, which may be seen to be in order by the regular movement of its parts, and be heard to work by the reassuring repetition of familiar sounds. It is rather a dismal fact, that these complex physical structures, like some lumbering dinosaurs, seem at present grossly affected by apparently tiny hostile activities. All this is to view the present pressures inside these institutions wholly as the result of the personal will of different interest groups, and indeed this is a useful picture for many purposes, though it is not the only, nor even a completely satisfactory one. It is a useful way to see the forces acting on a university teacher in Britain now, by looking at one's own expectations and how one sets out to achieve them. This puts a personal view into perspective, stimulating some of that ‘disinterested criticism’ that is rightly thought to be part of the academic life. It is a distinctly uncomfortable kind of introspection.
View —
Authors: Boyle Edward
Published: February 2008

It seems clear that we urgently need some high‐powered thinking about the future of Higher Education in Britain. First, we need to think afresh the purposes of higher education. Secondly there is the question of numbers; for how many people must we expect to have to make provision, even if we only look ahead as far as 1977 or 1980? Thirdly, there are the various types of institution involved — the universities, the polytechnics and the colleges of education — and the relationship between the ‘autonomous’ and the ‘non‐autonomous’ parts of the education system. Lastly, and most difficult of all, how will the expansion be paid for?
FOCUS
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

The Government is determined to fulfil its promise to outlaw selection at 11 in spite of the fact that the new Education Act now being prepared at Curzon Street will probably be delayed by the delay in the printing of the Maud report on local government.
The two cultures
Authors: Kemble Bruce
Published: February 2008

Ten years is a long time to sustain an academic quarrel. If the participants have not — after a decade — conceded some points, modified their overall position, and agreed to differ, it would appear to be counter‐productive for an outsider to intervene. Indeed observers may feel this article is an intrusion into their private grief at the sight of a public squabble between two fine men.
FOCUS
Authors: MacArthur Brian
Published: February 2008

Out of a month that was packed with news about education, one speech stands out. It was the speech made by Mr Short, Secretary of State for Education and Science, on the Black Paper, Fight for Education, when he made his annual address to the National Union of Teachers, at its annual conference in Douglas, Isle of Man.
Continuous assessment
Authors: Bacon Frank
Published: February 2008

As a result of growing dissatisfaction with traditional time‐test examinations, forward — looking educationists have recently been investigating some alternative methods of assessing student performance. One of the first methods to be tried was that of continuous assessment. This is by no means a newly‐devised system. As long ago as 1921 Professor Helen Wodehouse introduced such a system in connection with post‐graduate students preparing for the diploma in education of Bristol University. When in 1947 the Institute of Education was set up at that university, Professor Fletcher obtained approval for continuous assessment to be applied to all students in the associated colleges of education. In the same year the Huddersfield College of Education (Technical) was established and, with the approval of Leeds University, continuous assessment has been used exclusively for measuring student performance and attainment. The fact that this system has been in use for nearly fifty years, without protest and without any doubts being cast upon the efficiency or quality of those who have been subjected to it, is surely more than prima facie evidence that it is a satisfactory method of testing.
Personal
Authors: Nash Roy
Published: February 2008

I have the uneasy feeling when I go to some education conferences that I have been there before. Of course, I usually have. But I mean, been there before in the Dunn time‐theory sense.
The universities and research
Authors: Dollimore David
Published: February 2008

Possibly the simplest definition of technology is that it is the use of science in manufacturing things. This has a significant implication in respect of universities and schools. It is that we can train people as scientists but that they become technologists by virtue of what they do. This point is overlooked by many, who argue as though we could train people in technology and that technologists and scientists are two distinct breeds of people. What we really mean when we say that a man is trained in technology is that he has been taught to appreciate his role as a technologist.
IN‐SERVICE TRAINING
Authors: Pollard Michael
Published: February 2008

It was about five years ago that ‘in‐service training’ started to become part of the everyday jargon of education. It was a more impressive phrase than the term ‘refresher courses’ which had served faithfully for for many decades. Indeed, it was so impressive and lent itself so readily to prefixes like plans for and a programme of that many teachers felt sure that the change in terminology would be matched by a change in the actual process by which teachers keep themselves up to date with changes in their subjects and the techniques of teaching them.
Open book Examinations
Authors: Bacon Frank
Published: February 2008

In the present educational climate there is great interest in the examination system by forward‐looking educationists. It is not surprising, therefore, that a wide variety of alternatives to the traditional time‐test examination are being tried. The two main alternatives of continuous assessment and objective examining have already been discussed. They have been in use on a limited scale for a considerable period of time. Their advantages and disadvantages may be fairly clearly assessed. Other experimental methods are not quite so clear cut. Enthusiasm for experimentation has outrun the necessary basic thinking. Methods have been tried before the aims of examining have been clearly thought out and defined. This has led to attempts to modify the time‐test examination and there are two aspects of this: the open book examination and the delayed time‐test examination.
The Unions
Authors: McCarthy Charles
Published: February 2008

At a time when Irish education is at a crossroads, and when one would imagine that new initiatives and new policies would dominate our thinking, we have apparently been spending the last few years wrangling bitterly in public about teachers' salaries in a dogged climate of strike and the threat of strike.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Authors: O'Doherty E.F. , Chamberlain J.
Published: February 2008

The development of educational counselling and vocational guidance in Ireland can best be understood when viewed against the background of the country's complex educational structure. At the present time there exists a tripartite division within this structure, ie the primary, vocational and secondary systems.
Personal
Authors: Nash Roy
Published: February 2008

When I last saw him A. S. Neill was lamenting the fact that student‐teachers to whom he talked were absorbed, like previous generations, with the purely technical problems of the classroom rather than the ‘love’ of children. As we sat sipping his Scotch in one of Summerhill's rather depressingly dilapidated rooms Neill's comments showed a certain sad preoccupation with thoughts of failure. I hastened to suggest that, far from failing, his ideas of freedom and understanding had made their mark and that, whether all teachers realized it or not, State primary schools owe a great deal of their success to Neillist concepts. But the revered old saint was not to be placated. Neill is very much an all‐or‐nothing man and any school which is less free than Summerhill is not, in his book, offering children what they need.
Organised chaos
Authors: O'Connor Maureen
Published: February 2008

As Jo Grimond, of all unlikely people, pointed out recently, it is a great pity that after a flowering of British art in all sorts of fields, from painting and sculpture to fashion and pop design, another attack should be made upon the system which nourished this renaissance.
Programme for development
Authors: Dunn Alison
Published: February 2008

Salaries and conditions of service more than usually dominated the 64th annual conference of the Association of Teachers in Technical Institutions at Manchester last month. Delegates voted for the restoration of free collective bargaining and the abolition of the Burnham Further Education Committee. The recent Pooling Committee memorandum on staff/student ratios was strongly rejected, following the redundancies at Maidstone College of Art; and sanctions were threatened wherever working conditions were being worsened or not improved, or even to secure a better pensions deal.
Careers:
Authors: Watts Tony
Published: February 2008

Guidance is an immensely labour‐intensive, and therefore expensive, process. As our concept of what this process needs to involve becomes more sophisticated, the sheer logistics of tackling the problem become more daunting.
Books
Authors: O'Connor Maureen
Published: February 2008

Education does not treat its great men particularly well. It is ready enough to grant recognition, but painfully slow to actually implement the ideas which have brought a reformer some renown. No doubt the administrative split between local and central authority is partly to blame — although there are many who claim that the benefits of creative tension outweigh the loss of concerted planning — but at any rate until the birth of such innovatory institutions as the Schools Council the pace of reform was pretty snail‐like.
Future needs in adult education
Authors: Kelly T.
Published: February 2008

We find ourselves today in two sorts of doldrums. First of all we are in the local government doldrums. Just at this time the whole of local government is in the throes of the most drastic reorganisation that has ever been undertaken in this field, with the consequence that local government officials tend to fall into two categories — those who are secure in their jobs but have two jobs to do; and those who are insecure and are too busy applying for their own or other people's jobs to be much concerned about the future. In the second place we are in the post‐Russell doldrums. We have spent four years waiting for Russell and another eight months (so far) waiting for Mrs. Thatcher to pronounce on Russell and to give the lead we all so ardently desire.
Careers:
Authors: Catallo Bernard
Published: February 2008

How often are conversations—on these or similar lines—repeated, how vividly they portray all that is wrong with our approach towards enabling individuals to apply their talents to the full in the daily working environment.
Careers:
Authors: Wells Phillip
Published: February 2008

In 1971, a major decision was taken which will continue to affect the training of building society staff for the next decade or more. This decision was the purchase of Fanhams Hall, Ware, an imposing country house set in acres of mature gardens. This conveniently situated building was to become the first permanent training centre of the Building Societies Institute. The Institute, in common with other professional bodies, was established to provide and maintain an organisation for the promotion of the educational, vocational and general development of persons engaged in the work of building societies. When this body was formed in 1934, a need for training and educating staff had become clearly apparent. Initially this need was met by holding ‘weekend schools’ at which delegates could be instructed and could exchange ideas and opinions.
Post‐service careers for ex‐servicemen :
Authors: Beer Bill
Published: February 2008

One of the difficult problems facing a man on leaving the Services is whether to move house and then find the job, or to find the job first and then resettle the home. A career opportunity might well mean moving house with all the worries that it entails; to stick to the area where one lives might involve a lowly job with poor prospects. But whether a man is 30 years of age with the world at his feet, or 50 and feeling life is finished because he knows no other than the Services, there are two exercises to be carried out before making a decision about any future employment. These exercises comprise sef‐analysis and reconnaissance. Both are necessary to find a job having any career prospects, and both will help to avoid making a premature and possible unwise decision. These premature decisions are often founded on emotion rather than on reason, almost certainly on inadequate information, and possibly on misconceptions and ill‐founded prejudices about civilian life.