bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uluslararası Göçün Hedef ve Kaynak Ülke Üzerindeki Etkileri (Rusya-Orta Asya Örneği)
Authors: Ergeshkyzy Aziza
Published: October 2023

Tarihin her döneminde, dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde yaşanan yoksulluk, doğal afetler, savaş ve çatışmalar insanların başka bölgelere göç etmesini zorlayan nedenler arasında yer almıştır. Katılımı her geçen gün artmakta olan bu hareketlilik hem kaynak, hem de hedef ülkeyi, toplumu, bireyi doğrudan ve dolaylı karşılıklı olarak etkileyerek olumlu-olumsuz birçok sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Uzmanlara göre, dışarıdan gelen göç akımının hedef ülke için sosyo-ekonomik sonuçları bakımından göçmen işçilerin ülkede istihdam açığının giderilmesi, ekonominin birçok sektöründe ekonomik göstergelerin büyümesi ve bütçeye katkısı gibi olumlu sonuçları doğuracağı, kaynak ülke için ise işsizliği azaltacağı, döviz girdilerini arttıracağı öne sürülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, göçün her iki ülke için de olumsuz olduğu yönleri de bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda uluslararası göçmenlerin önemli kısmının ekonominin gölge sektöründe istihdam edildiği için vergi ödememesi, göç alan ülkenin mali şartlarını olumsuz etkilemesi gibi durumların yaşandığı da bir gerçektir. Bu olumsuz yaklaşımların aksine Rusya'daki demografik krizi Orta Asya topraklarından gelen göçmenlerin büyük ölçüde hafifletmesi, yerel halk için prestijli olmayan ve talep edilmeyen boş pozisyonların söz konusu göçmenler tarafından doldurularak hizmet sektörünün gelişmesine katkı sağlaması, göçmen işçilerin çoğu yasa dışı çalıştığı için, ucuz işgücü temin edilmesi gibi durumlar hedef ülkeye büyük bir kazançlar sağlamaktadır. 

Kaynak ülke bakımından nitelikli uzmanların ülkeden ayrılması, bilimdeki entelektüel potansiyelin bozulmasına, çalışma çağındaki genç nüfusun kitlesel göçü kaynak ülkede demografik sorunlara, ailelerin parçalanmasına, sokak çocuklarının artmasına yol açmaktadır. Diğer yandan göçmenlerin yurt dışında iken becerilerini, genel eğitim ve kültür seviyelerini geliştirmelerine, ülkesine döndükten sonra küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler kurarak kaynak ülkede orta sınıfın oluşumuna, kazandıkları gelirin toplumun yaşam standardının yükselmesine, göçmen olarak yaşadıkları ülkede iş bağlantıları kurarak ticaret, üretim gibi alanlarda ortak girişimler gerçekleştirebilmelerine olanak sağlayabilmektedir.Yaşanmakta olan bu etkilerin çok yönlü bir şekilde ele alınması, göçün sonuçları itibariyle daha iyi anlaşılabilmesine ve göç nedeniyle ortaya çıkan sorunların çözüme kavuşturulmasına imkân sağlayacaktır.
Una salmonella che annoda le gambe
Authors: Zago Alessandro
Published: October 2023

The case of a 3-year-old girl presenting with nodular erythema on her legs is discussed.
Change and Immunity to Change: Personal and Political
Authors: Mullen Peter F.
Published: October 2023

The article explores how constructive developmental theory may explain the origin of the current political crisis and provide a long-term solution. Two levels of adult development rely on fundamentally different sources to make meaning. Each views its own way of meaning-making as correct and others as inauthentic. The lack of a common ground for dialogue has caused “epistemic chaos” and a seemingly intractable political stalemate dangerous to democracy. The first step toward a solution is to understand the problem and the resistance to change. The second is to provide lifelong, experiential education to foster human development. In the work world, deliberately developmental education is already occurring more widely than commonly realized, with encouraging results.
The Fascination of Imitation: What Social Neuroscience Reveals about Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Authors: Jackson Tony
Published: October 2023

Since the 1990s, social neuroscience has established imitation as an unconscious, constitutive element of human identity; to the point that one may reasonably say that human identity is imitative identity. This research has profound implications for the human fascination with imitation in general, as well as with specific kinds of imitation. For the imitative identity, imitation human beings are uniquely, but strangely fascinating. This may readily be seen from the long history of stories about humanly made imitation humans. Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a major entry in the history of such stories. This article shows how social-neuroscientific findings about imitative identity can help us understand Dick’s novel.
A Graveyard Smash: Analyzing Embodied Memories in Lincoln in the Bardo
Authors: Vorbeck Cara
Published: October 2023

This article explores the concept of embodied memory in literary fiction and aims to illustrate some of the many angles from which it can be examined. After reviewing three different approaches to understanding embodied personal memory, it argues in line with contemporary perspectives on embodiment and 4E cognition (Caracciolo and Kukkonen) that a combined approach of cognitive and more traditional perspectives on the concept has significant benefits for analyzing embodied memories in literary texts. A case study of Lincoln in the Bardo (2017) is presented to illustrate these claims in practice. The analysis shows that a medial or symbolic approach to embodied memory cannot contain the novel’s complex bodies on its own and that a cognitive perspective adds an analytic layer which is essential to forming an understanding of its personal as well as collective mechanics of remembrance.
NLR and PLR as an indicator of outcomes following uneventful cardiac surgery
Authors: Vismay Bharath Shukla  , Ramesh H C  , Amulya Cherukumudi  , Varadaraju R
Published: October 2023

Background: Patients with coronary artery disease and valvular heart diease continue to be referred for cardiac surgery after medical management fails or in cases where it isn’t feasible. These patients are susceptible to infection and inflammation due to previous MI, cardiopulmonary bypass and the stress associated with surgery itself. Most of these patients also have associated co-morbidities that further increases the risk of post-operative complication. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a gaining popularity as a marker of inflammation. Hence we conducted this study to see if NLR and PLR can be used as indicators of outcomes following uneventful cardiac surgery. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients undergoing off-pump CABG, on-pump CABG and valve surgeries. Demographic details was noted of all the patients. Postoperative outcomes such as ST-T changes, other arrhythmias, acute kidney/liver injury, wound infection or LRTI within 7 days of surgery was noted and documented. Surgery related factors- cross clamp time, bleeding, challenges in weaning off bypass and operative time were also recorded. Preoperative, day 1, and day 2 NLR and PLR was recorded. Results: Two hundred and six patients in the study. Elevated Pre-op and post-op NLR and reduced PLR values was significantly associated with post-operative ST-T changes and LRTI, with a weak positive correlation between NLR and wound discharge. Additionally, we found that NLR and PLR showed a weak negative correlation with type II diabetes mellitus, pump time/ surgery time > 120 minutes and patients with history of recent MI. Higher preoperative NLR and reduced PLR was significantly associated with postoperative acute liver injury. Conclusions: Higher preoperative and postoperative NLR and reduced PLR is associated with higher rates of complications post-cardiac surgery.
The Economy of Devotion in Northwest Iberian Sanctuaries
Authors: Lemos Anxo Rodríguez
Published: October 2023

In the Modern Era, devotional practices at sanctuaries in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula left an economic trail associated with fulfilment of promesas or vows, which tended to be local in nature. Behind this devotion or curiosity, the Church and its lay and ecclesiastical administrators found a religious universe in which local devotion in the form of offerings or ex-votos obtained validation from the community, which accepted it as a bridge between the earthly and the divine. The administration of the material goods left at the sanctuaries in thanks was governed and managed hierarchically. Material profit often took precedent over spiritual gain, detracting from religious aspects in favour of internal control groups based on economic factors.
Community Perceptions (Parents of Santri and Santri) on Education Related to Tauhidi Epistemology Through Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Susdarwono Endro Tri , Anis Aswhar
Published: October 2023

This study aims to provide a description regarding the perceptions of society towards education related to tauhidi epistemology through Islamic boarding schools. The approach used in this research is a quantitative descriptive. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a purposive sampling type, while for the technique in analyzing the data applying the Kolmogorov-Smirnov hypothesis testing method for multiple samples and testing the hypothesis on the sign. The respondents referred to in this study are respondents consisting of parents who have children with the title of santri or currently studying at Islamic boarding schools, both Salafi and Modern. Questionnaires were given to respondents consisting of 27 parents of students and 27 students. This study concludes that based on the results of testing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov hypothesis there is no difference in perceptions of education related to epistemological monotheism through Islamic boarding schools from both categories including parents of students and students. Meanwhile, based on testing the hypothesis on good signs for parents of students and students, it was concluded that respondents had the perception that education related to Tauhidi epistemology through Islamic boarding schools is important and useful for life.
Telaah Hubungan Guru dan Murid dalam Konteks Pendidikan di Indonesia (Pemikiran Syeikh Zarnuji dan Syeikh K.H. Hasyim Asyari serta Relevansi Keduanya)
Authors: Taufiqqurrahman Moh , Mubarok Nuril Qodri
Published: October 2023

Sheikh Sarnuji and Khadratus Sheikh KH. Hasyim Asyari is an educational figure who, in providing the concept of the relationship between Teacher and Student, equally underlies his teachings with an emphasis on Morals-Religious. According to both of them, the key to success in the learning and teaching process can only be produced if the relationship between Teacher and Student is carried out properly in accordance with the rules and regulations in the teaching and learning process based on morality (ethics).
The research uses qualitative research in the nature of library research using books and other literature as the main object. It is called library research or often also called literature study, is a series of activities related to methods of collecting library data, reading and recording and processing research materials. The type of research used is qualitative, namely research that produces information in the form of notes and descriptive data contained in the text under study.
The study of the thoughts of Sheikh Sarnuji and Hadratus Sheikh KH. Hasyim Asyari regarding the relationship between teacher and student in the context of education in Indonesia has provided clear and significant directions for the implementation of education in forming a complete human being.
Los delitos informáticos en Chile: Tipos delictivos, sanciones y reglas procesales de la Ley 21.459. Segunda parte
Authors: Bascur Retamal Gonzalo Javier , Peña Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

Este texto ofrece, como segunda parte del análisis de la Ley 21.459, un desarrollo sistemático a través de una aproximación especial a los tipos delictivos de interceptación ilícita (artículo 3), sabotaje informático (artículos 1 y 4) y falsificación informática (artículo 5), así como también sobre las reglas de sanción y de procedimiento contempladas en la normativa.
El nacimiento del antijudaísmo en la Antigüedad Tardía y su relación con el antisemitismo moderno
Authors: Laham Cohen Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo se estructura en tres ejes. En primer lugar, el análisis del surgimiento del antijudaísmo cristiano en el marco de la Antigüedad Tardía. Luego, el efecto de tal discurso antijudío en la praxis de la población y en la de los propios enunciatarios de este. Por último, pondremos en relación textos fundamentales de la génesis del antisemitismo, en los siglos XIX y XX, con el discurso antijudío tardoantiguo.
Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Justicia Organizacional de Colquitt en trabajadores de la ciudad de Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Arias Gallegos Walter , Velásquez Ramos Diego , Salas Palomino Katiuska , Olivares Villanueva Scarlet
Published: October 2023

La justicia organizacional es una variable que recientemente está cobrando relevancia en el contexto laboral con repercusiones evidenciables en la productividad y el bienestar de los trabajadores. Por ello se requiere contar con instrumentos debidamente validados para indagar en la incidencia y las manifestaciones de la justicia organizacional. En esta investigación se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Justicia Organizacional de Colquitt (Omar et al., 2018) en una muestra de 327 trabajadores mineros (75,84% hombres y 24,16% mujeres) de la ciudad de Arequipa, Perú. Se trata de un estudio instrumental en el que se analizó la estructura interna de la prueba mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio y, para estimar la confiabilidad, se utilizaron las pruebas Alfa ordinal y Omega de McDonald categórica. Los resultados confirmaron la estructura de cuatro factores con adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste, aunque la confiabilidad fue baja en la dimensión de justicia distributiva (ω = ,606; α = ,373). Por ello se sugiere la eliminación de los ítems 7, 8 y 17.
Paisajes para la nación, paisajes para la congregación. El espacio fueguino a los ojos de Fagnano y Lista
Authors: Ortiz Maximiliano
Published: October 2023

En agosto de 1886, el presidente Julio Argentino Roca firmó un decreto mandando a realizar la primera expedición oficial dirigida a explorar por tierra el norte y este de la parte argentina de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. La misma estaría al mando de Ramón Lista y contaría con el misionero salesiano Giuseppe Fagnano como capellán. El presente artículo analiza las formas en que Lista y Fagnano experimentaron el viaje y el recorrido de los “nuevos” espacios, cómo dialogaron con las observaciones previas de otros viajeros y qué elementos valoraron del paisaje. Para eso realizaremos una lectura transversal de los registros escritos que ambos personajes dejaron asentados durante y después de la realización del viaje. Sostenemos que estos escritos contribuyeron a la configuración de un paisaje polisémico del norte y este de la Isla Grande, nutriéndose de los aportes de otros viajeros y construyendo imaginarios geográficos para los lectores de sus escritos.
Etnografías de moda en el Desierto de Atacama
Authors: Morales Héctor
Published: October 2023

El presente Dossier titulado "Etnografías de Moda en el Desierto de Atacama", representa una valiosa compilación de trabajos diversos, todos ellos integrados en el marco del proyecto Diseño y formas de vestir en el Desierto de Atacama. El enfoque principal de esta compilación se dirige hacia las múltiples manifestaciones de la vestimenta a lo largo del siglo XX. Dentro de sus páginas, nos sumergimos en los intrincados procesos de individuación y fragmentación social contemporáneos, que facilitan la creación de un mundo industrial lleno de beneficios y destrucción. Este Dossier despliega la etnografía no solo como método, sino también como episteme y oficio que da cuenta de dinámicas sociales diversas sobre la identidad visual y el poder transformador de la ropa.
riesgo del proteccionismo comercial turbio en una economía global interconectada e incierta
Authors: Albertoni Nicolás
Published: October 2023

Este artículo no trata sobre el libre comercio ni sobre el protec­cionismo. Se trata del punto donde los dos pueden converger. Un aspecto distintivo del aumento del proteccionismo durante la última década es que se produce en un contexto de mayor interconectividad global. Durante las últimas tres décadas, los países de todo el mundo se han integrado más a través de acuer­dos comerciales preferenciales (ACP) y cadenas de valor globales (CVG), al mismo tiempo que han erigido nuevas barreras comer­ciales. ¿Qué explica estas trayectorias contradictorias? La literatura sobre la economía política del proteccionismo comercial mues­tra fácilmente que los ACP promueven las interdependencias comerciales; también ofrece argumentos convincentes sobre las circunstancias en las que los gobiernos se ven obligados a pro­teger sus economías. Sin embargo, tenemos poca evidencia de cómo estas dos trayectorias ocurren a la vez. Este artículo ofrece nueva evidencia de que los mecanismos institucionales como los ACP, que durante décadas han impulsado la difusión de la liberalización comercial, también pueden convertirse en canales para la propagación de proteccionismo menos transparente (por ejemplo, medidas no arancelarias).
Olas migratorias y las lecciones del caso español.
Authors: Abedrapo Jaime
Published: October 2023

Chile al igual que las democracias liberales en los tiempos de la postmodernidad enfrentan retos tales como el cambio climático, el acceso fuentes de energía renovables y no contaminantes y la inmigración. Al respecto analizamos la perspectiva de las políticas que se han implementado para contener el descontrol inmigratorio desde la perspectiva normativa y la articulación de las políticas públicas del caso español.

Los fenómenos inmigratorios están siendo entendidos no desde sus causas, sino más desde políticas coyunturales como veremos en el caso español.
The Normative Value of Human Rights Treaty Bodies’ Interpretations at the International Court of Justice
Authors: García Escobar Gabriela
Published: October 2023

Although the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is not a human rights court, it has recently addressed human rights issues, which has prompted interaction with the opinions of human rights mechanisms. This article will analyze the normative value of human rights treaty monitoring bodies’ interpretations recognized by the ICJ in three cases of its jurisprudence: the Wall Advisory Opinion, the case of Ahmadou Sadio Diallo, and the case of Qatar v. the United Arab Emirates. This analysis indicates that the ICJ has ascribed great normative weight to these interpretations, but it has been reluctant to adopt their views without conducting its own interpretative assessment of the norms. In its most recent case, the ICJ took an approach that completely departs from the interpretation adopted by the relevant treaty body. This article argues that such a position must be considered in light of the growing criticism that treaty bodies are facing about the quality of their reasonings and command of general international law. Accordingly, treaty bodies could enhance their legitimacy by learning from the ICJ’s approach to treaty interpretation, and in addition, could take advantage of the positive aspects of their non-binding character to develop meta-juridical discussions.
De la flexibilización del plazo para la interposición del recurso de protección: Reflexiones desde la jurisprudencia reciente
Authors: Jenkins Peña y Lillo Gaspar
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo centra su atención en una línea jurisprudencial elaborada por la Corte Suprema durante los últimos años, que ofrece una argumentación dirigida a aceptar el principio de ductilidad de las formas a través de una «flexibilización» o «ductilidad» del plazo de caducidad fijado para la interposición de un recurso de protección, ello tanto por la existencia de circunstancias razonables, como producto del rango infralegal de las normas que fijan dicha limitación procesal, permitiéndonos evaluar la pertinencia de esta mirada judicial desde el estándar garantista del Derecho Procesal Constitucional latinoamericano.
La autoridad nacional de protección de datos bajo la perspectiva del análisis costo-beneficio
Authors: Lamounier Heringer Helimara
Published: October 2023

El artículo trata sobre la institución de una Autoridad Nacional de Protección de Datos desde la perspectiva de la aplicación de los conceptos de Análisis de Impacto Normativo y la herramienta Análisis Costo-Beneficio. Bajo la aplicación de estas herramientas como instrumentos mitigadores de influencias no deseadas en la toma de decisiones regulatorias, se analiza la posibilidad o no de una autoridad nacional lo más desconectada posible de las influencias políticas y económicas de sectores específicos de la sociedad, con la creación de políticas de protección que acompañan el creciente desarrollo tecnológico del entorno virtual.
Nuevo cuestionario de evaluación del ambiente laboral – salud mental CEAL-SM / SUSESO
Authors: Pérez-Franco Juan , Candia Macarena , Soto Marco
Published: October 2023

Introducción: En Chile se mide el riesgo psicosocial laboral con el cuestionario SUSESO/ISTAS21, instrumento validado en 2008 y de aplicación obligatoria en todos los lugares de trabajo desde 2013. Desde entonces se ha hecho necesaria la puesta al día del instrumento, incorporando nuevas dimensiones, eliminando otras y, en general, tomando en cuenta la experiencia de los expertos y usuarios del cuestionario.

Materiales y Métodos: Se consideró como base el cuestionario internacional COPSOQ III. Se aplicaron las escalas de riesgo del COPSOQ III, traducidas, sometidas a entrevistas cognitivas, más las escalas de salud mental GHQ-12 y de vulnerabilidad en el trabajo, y otras preguntas generales y de datos sociodemográficos. Se diseñó una muestra de hogares probabilística, estratificada, de conglomerados y multi-etápica, con distribución no proporcional, en Antofagasta, Valparaíso, Santiago, Concepción y Puerto Montt – Puerto Varas. Se aplicó el método de análisis factorial exploratorio (factores comunes, rotación oblimin) al conjunto de las respuestas del cuestionario, análisis factorial confirmatorio, alfa de Cronbach, correlación test-retest, prueba de funcionamiento diferencial del ítem. Todo el proceso de análisis final se discutió con un grupo de expertos.

Resultados: La solución factorial más adecuada fue de 12 factores, tanto por los resultados de las pruebas estadísticas como desde la teoría y la operacionalidad. Se calcularon los niveles de riesgo individual para cada trabajador/a.

Discusión: Se pone a disposición de la comunidad un instrumento válido y confiable para la medición del riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo, con 12 dimensiones, y con sus valores normales para Chile.
Teatro desde el exilio. La escritura permeable de Raúl Ruiz
Authors: Chaim Elisa
Published: October 2023

Raúl Ruiz es ampliamente reconocido en el ámbito del cine experimental. Paralelamente se dedicó a la dramaturgia y sus textos dramáticos se conservan bajo la forma de manuscritos en su mayoría inéditos. Este ensayo propone un panorama general sobre estas obras escritas antes y después del exilio con el fin de desentrañar la forma en que el Golpe de Estado repercutió en su escritura teatral. El objetivo es indagar en sus textos inéditos como una ventana que nos permite entender la manera en que Ruiz se enfrentaba al exilio en París y la forma en que dialogan diversas culturas en sus creaciones dramáticas tras verse obligado a dejar su país natal.
Exilio teatral chileno en Suecia: Igor Cantillana, antecedentes del Teatro Sandino
Authors: Albornoz Farías Adolfo
Published: October 2023

El exilio ha sido un objeto predilecto de los Estudios Culturales y ha conformado un emergente y específico campo propio de trabajo

académico: los Estudios de Exilios. La última oleada de expatriaciones políticas del Cono Sur, que estalló durante los años setenta del siglo pasado, fue inédita por su masividad, extensión temporal y espacial, transversalidad y efecto diaspórico. En este horizonte, este trabajo presenta los antecedentes chilenos de un caso que todavía no ha sido estudiado: el Teatro Latinoamericano Sandino, agrupación fundada en Estocolmo, en 1979, por Igor Cantillana, actor chileno exiliado en Suecia desde 1977. Junto con compartir material testimonial inédito relativo a la trayectoria de este referente del teatro latinoamericano, este escrito quiere esbozar el potencial rendimiento de los Estudios de Exilios para el área de los Estudios Teatrales.
Teatro chileno del 70: la continuidad utópica
Authors: Rostollan-Sinet Corentin
Published: October 2023

Producto de ocho años de investigación sobre la actividad teatral que se ha desarrollado dentro de los campos de concentración chilenos en los primeros años de la dictadura cívico-militar, el presente artículo se propone retomar un diálogo historiográfico inconcluso en torno a la década del setenta y su significado para la historia teatral nacional. Revisitando las teorizaciones predominantes en el campo de la historia del teatro en dictadura, y cruzándolas con los hallazgos de un estudio profundo sobre el fenómeno teatral concentracionario en Chile, propone un nuevo marco historiográfico para entender al teatro chileno de ese periodo, postulando la posibilidad de una continuidad. Volviendo a la importancia de la utopía como un concepto clave para entender la especificidad de este segmento de la historia del teatro chileno y sus fracciones marginales, este texto sugiere nuevas lecturas

históricas, filosóficas y políticas a cincuenta años del Golpe.
La muerte en la era biopolítica desde la perspectiva de Michel Foucault
Authors: Andrada Agustina Alejandra
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se explora la segunda parte de la fórmula foucaulteana para describir a la biopolítica, esto es, el “dejar morir” biopolítico. A través del análisis de los diferentes abordajes de Michel Foucault, realizados en el período comprendido entre 1976 y 1979, se buscará entender cómo esta forma de ejercicio del poder, a pesar de estar centrada en la maximización de la vida, posee un accionar tanático, una vinculación con la muerte en términos poblacionales. Por esto mismo, el objetivo de este escrito será mostrar que la biopolítica para maximizar la vida precisa intervenir y gestionar e incidir sobre la muerte.
Treatment of Cultural Services in Central American Countries’ Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Gagné Gilbert , Nycz Cassandre
Published: October 2023

Cultural products (including goods and services) encompass visual, performing and literary arts, as well as newspapers, magazines, books, films, video and music recordings, radio and television, either in traditional or digital format. To the extent that they reflect the cultural identities of states, their treatment in international trade has been debated as to whether, or the extent to which, they should be exempted from trade obligations. The proliferation of preferential trade agreements and of digital platforms has rendered the debate ever more salient. The article summarizes the provisions on cultural services in Central American countries’ preferential trade agreements and discusses the scope of these provisions, in light of the cultural policy measures involved and states’ ability to pursue cultural policies. The countries considered are those belonging to the Central American Common Market, namely Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. These countries share some characteristics which make them worth considering in regard to the trade and culture debate. They also vary widely with respect to the number and scope of their commitments and/or exceptions relating to culture within the preferential trade agreements to which they are parties. In turn, such significant variations are primarily attributable to the importance each Central American country attaches to the protection of its cultural sector.
deber de cuidar nuestros derechos
Authors: Morales Valdés Emerson
Published: October 2023

Derechos y deberes, por lo general, han sido considerados como opuestos complementarios. Sin embargo, la crucial dimensión del cuidado, que se encuentra entre ambos conceptos no suele ser tan tomada en cuenta. Si recordamos que el cuidar está relacionado con lo moral, entenderemos que se trata de algo que nos enfrenta con aquello que consideramos que posee un valor. A partir de los planteamientos de Kant, si el deber (Sollen) es la realización de una acción por respeto (Achtung) a la ley, entonces el cuidar debería estar políticamente centrado en el cuidado de dichas leyes que protegen el derecho (Recht) de todos, como forma de abrir una vía hacia una convivencia más consciente entre nosotros.
Ética del cuidado en Bioética
Authors: Arriagada Ramírez Astrid
Published: October 2023

La ética del cuidado es la propuesta teórica feminista más conocida en bioética. Mediante una revisión y análisis bibliográfico abordaré la ética del cuidado e interseccionalidad, como marco para discurso bioético aplicado a las estructuras en la atención de salud y para la toma de decisiones.
La ética del cuidado y la interseccionalidad otorgan elementos pocas veces considerados en el análisis bioético, como es el contexto, la subjetividad, la experiencia vivida, las relaciones de cuidado y la responsabilidad con sí misma y los otros. Estos elementos deben permear a la bioética en salud y en el actuar del ser humano con su entorno.
“La ética del cuidado” de Fabianne Brugère
Authors: Alegría Daniela
Published: October 2023

Reseña de “La ética del cuidado” de Fabianne Brugère
Eutanasia activa, una mirada a la situación internacional
Authors: Carrasco M. Víctor Hugo , Crispi G. Francisca
Published: October 2023

International situation on euthanasia varies among countries. Even though in most of the countries worldwide active euthanasia is forbidden by law, to the date four countries (The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Colombia) have approved and regulated by law active euthanasia (defined as “physician’s intentionally administering a treatment -usually medicationto cause the patient’s death, with the patient’s full, informed consent”). For a country like Chile, in which all types of euthanasia are forbidden by law, it is important to look forward to the international situation, in order to enrich public policy debate, based on the international empirical experience.
Asociación entre polimorfismos en los genes PNPLA3 y TM6SF2 y presencia de fibrosis en pacientes con infección crónica por virus hepatitis C
Authors: Urzúa M. Álvaro , Brahm B. Javier , Miranda B. Julio , Carreño T. Laura , Venegas S. Mauricio
Published: October 2023

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a globally prevalent pathogen and a leading cause of death and morbidity. The most recent estimates of disease burden show an increase in seroprevalence over the last 15 years to 2.8%, equating to >185 million infections worldwide. Persistent hepatitis C infection is associated with the development of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, liver failure and death. The magnitude of disease progression in chronic infection varies significantly among individuals. Several factors have been recognized as being associated with the progression of HCV-related liver fibrosis and with clinical outcomes. As liver fibrosis progression remains variable between individuals with similar environmental or virological risks, host genetic predispositions have been suggested as another critical determinant. The single nucleotide polymorphisms in Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) and Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (TM6SF2) genes are genetic determinants of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, in terms of inflammation and fibrosis. The possible action of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms on fibrosis development in chronic hepatis C is being studied, with controversial results.
Daño hepático crónico como manifestación de pericarditis constrictiva. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Ugalde P. Héctor , Sanhueza F. María Ignacia , Yubini L. María Cecilia , Rozas A. Sebastián , Mundnich B. Stefanie , Cereceda B. Mauricio , Ramos G. Cristóbal
Published: October 2023

Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is an uncommon condition which clinical presentation becomes very unspecific, making its diagnosis a hard challenge. It has multiple and varied causes, all of them determine pericardium inflammation and progressive fibrosis that restricts heart filling and develops diastolic dysfunction, expressing mainly as right heart failure. Symptoms of this last condition allow posing different diagnosis as they can appear in many other diseases, including chronic liver disease as happens in the following clinical case. A 27 year-old male patient with a history of progressive edema on his extremities, increased abdominal volume, a 3-month body weight loss, and dyspnea; is firstly diagnosed as CLD after medical evaluation. However, etiological studies for CLD appear negative and the patient does not respond to general approaches, motivating his hospitalization for further studies. Cardiologic tests reveal pulmonary hypertension, which is studied by MRI showing a thickened pericardium suggesting constriction that is confirmed by cardiac catheterization. The patient undergoes surgery without incidents and a favorable post-operatory period, being completely asymptomatic 3 months later. This clinical case reflects how difficult can become diagnosing CP; as well as presenting the right way to study these patients in order to confirm this alternative diagnosis, the treatment of choice, and the excellent results that surgery can achieve. Finally, CP is a rare condition that must be included within differential diagnosis of patients with clinical manifestations of RHF.
Episiotomía y disfunciones del piso pélvico femenino
Authors: Guzmán R. Rodrigo , Aleuanlli A. Maria Cristina , Castro L. Ariel , Naser N. Michel , Wenzel D. Carlos , Castro C. Daniela , Manríquez G. Valentín
Published: October 2023

Pelvic floor dysfunctions are highly prevalent in our population significantly affecting the quality of life of women. Pregnancy and childbirth are well recognized risk factors. It has recently become clear that pelvic floor trauma encompass more than perineal trauma or “what one could see in the delivery room.” The levator ani muscle may be affected at birth with the loss of the integral structure of the pelvic floor support, secondarily triggering the descent of the pelvic organs. The overdistension of the urogenital hiatus and anal sphincter injuries can also be consequences of a vaginal birth. An episiotomy is an intervention that seeks to facilitate the expulsion of the fetus expanding the perineum preventing tissue distension and perineal tear. However, this claim raised by its developer has no scientific basis. Today the restrictive practice of this procedure is recommended, given the potential complications that may arise when it is systematically performe. Despite this recommendation, there are no conclusive studies that explore the role that episiotomy has in obstetric pelvic floor trauma.
Abstracts de publicaciones nacionales ISI 2015
Authors: Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile Revista
Published: October 2023

El material que se presenta a continuación proviene de los datos proporcionados por la OAIC (Oficina de

Apoyo a la Investigación Clínica) de nuestro Hospital, así como de los recolectados por nuestra Revista.
Uso de toxina botulínica tipo A en el manejo de dolor crónico refractario a tratamiento. Reporte de una serie de casos
Authors: Miranda M. Ana Luisa , Alfaro C. Roberto
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) has analgesic effect independent of its action in muscle tone, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters (substance P-glutamate) and neuropeptides of nociceptors. Objective: To characterize infiltration procedures with Botox® in patients with chronic pain refractory to treatment. Method: Observational-cross-retrospective study. Infiltrations with botox procedures performed in Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, between 01.01.2014 and 30.04.2015 were analyzed. Medical record data were extracted. Information analyzed with Excel2013® using Chi-square test (p
Síndrome de túnel carpiano en el embarazo. Revisión de literatura y presentación de un caso clínico
Authors: Cerda A. Lorena , Contreras S. Mª Soledad
Published: October 2023

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral neuropathy in the general population. In pregnant women the prevalence increases to 31-62 % probably by edema secondary to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. The definitive treatment is surgical decompression, but in pregnant reserves only in exceptional cases where other treatments have failed. This population receives mainly conservative therapy consisting of splints, physical therapy and infiltration. Objective: To review the management of CTS in pregnant about a case. Methods: The clinical case of a pregnant patient with CTS managed conservatively was revised, based on this existing literature was reviewed. Results: 32 years old woman, studying 18 weeks pregnancy, consultation by paresthesia and loss of strength of both hands since1.5 months, more than right. Physical examination was consistent with bilateral CTS. Use of night splint is indicated. The electrodiagnostic evaluation reporting neuropathic sensitive-motor commitment severe intensity, subacute bilateral median nerve, with moderate denervation. Patient with symptoms persist, it is decided to perform infiltration of carpal tunnel steroid with good clinical and electrophysiological response. Conclusions: This case exemplifies the conservative treatment of CTS in pregnancy delivered good results. The literature supports the use of splints and steroid injections in this population.
Enfoque integrativo multidimensional e intervenciones mente-cuerpo en el manejo del dolor crónico: el caso de una adulta mayor
Authors: Cornejo D. Juan Pablo , Barros L. Paulina Angélica
Published: October 2023

Chronic pain is common in older adults, it is difficult to handle and has important medical and psychiatric comorbidity. A case of Elderly with chronic pain who received integrative multidimensional psychotherapy. Favorable changes seen in reduction of pain and life quality. It argues that the multidimensional integrative psychotherapy can be effective in the management of chronic pain in older adults.
Test cuantitativo sensorial en dolor
Authors: Domingues B. Laura , Miranda M. Ana Luisa
Published: October 2023

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, which is present in many diseases, and the central symptom of many of them. However, their diagnosis and evaluation methods have not changed much in the last century. Tools to quantitatively analyze this symptom and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are needed. The quantitative sensory test (QST) is a test done several decades ago for research purposes. However, in recent years, its use in different pain conditions have placed it as a tool to consider in evaluating a patient. The aim of this review is to provide information on the current performance of this test and its clinical applications development.
Unidad de Cuidados Continuos y Paliativos del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile
Authors: Palma B. Alejandra , LLanos V. Osvaldo
Published: October 2023

Palliative care (PC) is recognized by the World Health Organization as a key component in the fight against chronic diseases and defined as “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.” In Chile PC has intensely developed in the last two decades and consequently has become an urgent need to establish academic centers that provide knowledge and skills necessary to ensure the quality of provided care. The Continuous and Palliative Care Unit (CPCU) of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile was raised as a project of the Medical Management and under supervision of the Internal Medicine Department. In this article we summarize the overall background and current importance of CP, the vision and mission of the CPUC as well as its structure and goals for the first 12 month of operation.
Efecto otoprotector de N acetilcisteína en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia con cisplatino. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rubio M. Fabián , Torrente A. Mariela
Published: October 2023

The aim of this publication is to update information regarding auditory damage caused by cisplatin and its possible prevention with N acetylcysteine (NAC). Cisplatin is a drug used in the treatment of various cancers. It has various adverse effects including ototoxicity

. Ototoxicity manifests as sensorineural high tone hearing loss variable intensities, usually bilateral, irreversible, and occurs primarily owing to the formation of oxygen derived free radicals that trigger apoptosis. High frequency audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions are the most sensitive tests for the detection of cisplatin ototoxicity and they are comparable. NAC is a thiol compound used as a mucolytic that can prevent ototoxicity by several mechanisms . In vitro, it has been shown to decrease the damage of inner ear hair cells and auditory neurons . In humans, oral and intratympanic NAC has been tested concomitant to

cisplatin chemotherapy with variable results, tending to show less hearing damage produced by cisplatin.
Influencia del polimorfismo genético rs2927488 de Bcl3 en el síndrome de intestino irritable
Authors: Maureira Valeria , Vera Daniela , Pérez N. Claudio , Lomasney Kevin Lomasney , Pérez de Arce Edith , Madrid Ana María , Beltrán M. Caroll
Published: October 2023

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort associated with changes in bowel habit and increased intestinal sensitivity. It is one of the most common disorders of digestive health in Chile as well as in the world. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS have yet to be fully established, it is known that (epi-) genetic factors are involved in the development of the disorder. Bcl3 (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 3) is a regulatory protein of the intestinal inflammatory response, specifically, with regard to the signaling pathways of NF-kB (Nuclear Factor-kB). Among the variability of the human genome, the gene encoding Bcl3 contains the polymorphism SNPs rs2927488 (variants A/G) which has been associated with susceptibility to developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Furthermore, the presence of this polymorphic variant has been correlated with increased

levels of Bcl3 gene expression in patients with Crohn’s Disease. Our laboratory is focused on understanding the potential relationship between Bcl3 and IBS. Our preliminary studies describe an increased expression of Bcl3 at the intestinal mucosal epithelium in IBS patients with a diarrheal-phenotype (IBS-D). We are now interested to investigate if the presence of the variant SNP rs2927488(A/G) is a susceptibility factor for IBS development and to understand the significance of its relationship with Bcl3 expression, in Chilean IBS patients. In this review, we focus primarily on the relationship between rs2927488(A/G) polymorphism of Bcl3 gene, its protein expression and its mechanisms of control over the inflammatory response.
Disección coronaria espontánea posterior a ejercicio: presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Ugalde P. Héctor , Yubini María Cecilia , Sanhueza Maria Ignacia , Rozas Sebastián , Dussaillant N. Gastón
Published: October 2023

Spontaneous coronary dissection (SCD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with no risk factors, usually described in young women within delivery period. The test of choice to approach diagnosis is coronary angiography, which could result therapeutic as it achieves myocardial revascularization though angioplasty. Occasionally, complementary radiologic techniques are required for diagnosis, as well as other treatments such as coronary bypass surgery (CBS). The prognosis of successfully revascularized patients is favorable, generally with no recurrence. We report the case of a 25 year-old woman, with no medical

records, who experienced two episodes of ACS; first after exercise and two days later while she was at rest,revascularized in our hospital due to a double SCD that required CBS with a propitious evolution and remaining asymptomatic trough a six-year follow up.
India's Financial Shape-up: PM Jan Dhan Yojana - Critical Review
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Mathur Mukesh
Published: October 2023

The 'Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana' (PMJDY), introduced in August 2014, stands as a flagship initiative by the Indian Government to promote financial inclusion. This paper undertakes a critical examination of the impact and effectiveness of PMJDY in shaping India's financial landscape over time. The program's primary goal was to extend financial services, including banking and insurance, to the sections of India's population that were either unbanked or underbanked. It aimed to foster financial empowerment, mitigate economic disparities, and encourage a transition towards a cashless economy.  This critical analysis employs a multi-faceted approach to assess PMJDY. Firstly, it evaluates the level of financial inclusion achieved through the program, scrutinizing metrics such as the number of accounts opened, the reach of banking services in both rural and urban areas, and the accessibility of banking facilities. Secondly, the paper examines PMJDY's effectiveness in enhancing financial literacy and awareness among its beneficiaries. Thirdly, it delves into the program's impact on reducing leakages in social welfare schemes by implementing direct benefit transfers. Fourthly, it explores the role of technology and digitization in extending the program's coverage and improving its efficiency. Moreover, this review addresses the challenges and constraints faced by PMJDY, encompassing issues related to financial sustainability, dormant accounts, and service quality. It also contemplates the broader implications of the program concerning its contribution to economic growth, poverty alleviation, and the overall financial well-being of the nation. In conclusion, this critical assessment offers insights into both the strengths and weaknesses of PMJDY while presenting recommendations for further enhancements and policy adjustments. It sheds light on the program's role in shaping India's financial landscape, its influence on financial inclusion, and its potential to reshape the nation's economic prospects. Ultimately, this analysis seeks to contribute to well-informed discussions regarding the future of financial inclusion in India and the significance of PMJDY as a pivotal driver in reshaping the country's financial landscape.
The application of the nr-18 checklist in an underground dam project and the operational focus on excavation activities
Authors: Vieira de Figueiredo Caio Franklin , Rangel Moreira Cavalcanti Mata Mario Eduardo , Martins Duarte Maria Elita , Aciole Morais de Queiroz Suelyn Fabiana , De Queiroz Santos Antônio Carlos , Remígio Florêncio Roberto , Oliveira de Farias Daniel
Published: October 2023

The objective of this research is the application of the NR-18 checklist as a management tool for safety, health, work hygiene and quality of life for workers in the excavation applied to the construction of the underground dam. The study was carried out in a civil construction work in progress, in order to verify compliance with the work safety legislation in a work after determining the area for renting the underground dam. The verification method was adopted, as it is considered a means of easy measurement and understanding, and is widely accepted in the security area, with a focus on item 18.6. All visits were accompanied by a professional responsible for the execution, and authorization was requested to photograph the construction site. The NR-18 has 26 items to be analyzed at the construction site and of these only 2 were in compliance with the regulations, they are the items order and cleanliness and living area, the items that were not in compliance are safety signs, excavations and PPE's.