bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sheaf-like Manganese-Doped Zinc Silicate with Enhanced Photoluminescence Performance
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Zhang Xiaozhen , Yu Yongzhi , Wang Leying , Cheng Si , Zhan Hongquan , Liu Runyuan , Chen Renhua
Published: October 2023

Sheaf-like manganese-doped zinc silicate (Mn-doped Zn2SiO4) was successfully synthesized without surfactant by hydrothermal route using manganese acetate, zinc nitrate, and sodium silicate as precursors. The structure, morphology, and optical properties were well investigated by various analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed the enhancement of crystallinity and an increase in the length of the as-prepared sample, which was achieved by prolonging the hydrothermal time. Based on the analysis of the XRD pattern, it can be stated that the sheaf-like Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 possesses a large lattice distortion compared to pure Zn2SiO4. Moreover, it was observed that hydrothermal times played a crucial role in the PL property. The PL peak intensity of samples located at 522 nm generally increased with the increase in reaction time in the range of 12–48 h. However, when the treating time reached 72 h, the property of PL decreased. The results of the PL spectra showed that Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 obtained by a hydrothermal time of 48 h displayed an efficient luminescent performance. The key to the high PL property mainly lies in the sheaf-like structure and large lattice distortion.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Properties of the Copper(II) Complexes with Novel Ligand: N-[4-({2-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioyl}amino)phenyl]acetamide
Authors: Rusnac Roman , Garbuz Olga , Chumakov Yurii , Tsapkov Victor , Hureau Christelle , Istrati Dorin , Gulea Aurelian
Published: October 2023

For the first time, a thiosemicarbazone-type ligand containing a paracetamol structural unit was synthesized. Five new coordination compounds based on copper(II) salts: [Cu(L)CH3COO] (1), [{Cu(L)Cl}2]·H2O (2), [Cu(L)H2O·DMF]NO3 (3), [Cu(L)Br] (4), [Cu(L)H2O]ClO4 (5), were obtained, where HL is N-[4-({2-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioyl}amino)phenyl]acetamide. The new HL was characterized by NMR, FTIR, spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. All copper(II) coordination compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, EPR spectroscopy, and molar electrical conductivity. Furthermore, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis elucidated the structures of thiosemicarbazone HL as well as complexes 1–3. All compounds were tested for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities, and their toxicity to Daphnia magna was studied. Biological evaluation has revealed that most of the synthesized compounds demonstrate promising antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. In many cases, their antibacterial/antifungal activity is comparable to that of certain drugs used in medicine for these purposes, and in some cases, even surpasses them. HL and complexes 2–5 exhibit antioxidant activity that surpasses that of Trolox. Furthermore, HL and complex 2 display virtually no toxicity to D. magna.
A Full View of Papillary Craniopharyngioma Based on Expanded Endonasal Approach: A Comprehensive Clinical Characterization of 101 Cases
Authors: Jia Yanfei , Cai Kefan , Qiao Ning , Liu Fangzheng , Wu Wentao , Ru Siming , Xiao Youchao , Cao Lei , Gui Songbai
Published: October 2023

Objective: The enlarged endonasal approach (EEA) has emerged as the preferred surgical procedure for removing craniopharyngiomas, due to its advantages of direct visualization and reduction of blind corners. However, owing to a low incidence of papillary CPs (PCPs) compared to adamantinomatous CPs (ACPs), a full view of PCP based on the EEA approach is limited. In this paper, the authors present the largest series to date analyzing the clinical characteristics based on the EEA approach for PCPs. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 101 PCPs patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery (EEA) and whose condition was confirmed via postoperative pathology. The PCPs were classified into three types based on MRI data and intraoperative findings from EEA: suprasellar/intra-suprasellar (3V floor intact) type (Type I), suprasellar/intra-suprasellar (3V floor invasive) type (Type II), and intra-third ventricle type (Type III). The general characteristics of the three types of tumors were summarized, and postoperative follow-up was conducted to record detailed information on changes in vision, endocrine replacement, tumor recurrence, and quality of life. Results: Out of the 101 cases, 36 (36.64%) were classified as type I, 52 (51.49%) as type II, and 13 (12.87%) as type III. The mean age of type III patients was 40.46 ± 14.15 years old, younger than the other two types (p = 0.021). Headache (84.62%) and memory decline (61.54%) were prominent features in patients with type III (p = 0.029). Visual impairment was more common in type II (80.77%, p = 0.01). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 91 patients (90.10%). There were no significant differences in GTR rates among the three types of tumors. There were significant differences in quality of life among the three types of PCP (p = 0.004), and type III presented with the highest rate of good postoperative quality of life (92.31%) based on the KPS score. Thirteen (12.87%) tumors recurred within a mean follow-up time of 38 (range, 8–63) months. Type II PCPs (OR 5.826, 95%CI 1.185–28.652, p = 0.030) and relapsed patients (OR 4.485, 95%CI 1.229–16.374, p = 0.023) were confirmed as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence. Conclusions: Most of the PCPs including intra-third ventricle PCPs can be safely and effectively removed through neuroendoscopy with EEA. Suprasellar/intra-suprasellar (third cerebral ventricle floor-invasive) type PCPs may have a worse postoperative quality of life compared to the other two types, and it may be a strong predictor of tumor recurrence.
Revisiting Asthma Obstructive Sleep Apnea Overlap: Current Knowledge and Future Needs
Authors: Saxena Damini , Imayama Ikuyo , Adrish Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea are highly prevalent conditions with a high cost burden. In addition to shared risk factors, existing data suggest a bidirectional relationship between asthma and OSA, where each condition can impact the other. Patients with asthma often complain of sleep fragmentation, nocturnal asthma symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and snoring. The prevalence of OSA increases with asthma severity, as evidenced by multiple large studies. Asthma may lower the threshold for arousal in OSA, resulting in the hypopnea with arousal phenotype. Epidemiologic studies in adults have shown that OSA is associated with worse asthma severity, increased frequency of exacerbation, and poor quality of life. The current literature assessing the relationship among OSA, asthma, and CPAP therapy is heavily dependent on observational studies. There is a need for randomized controlled trials to minimize the interference of confounding shared risk factors.
Current and Emerging Therapies for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus
Authors: Park Ki Wan , Kullar Peter , Malhotra Charvi , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: October 2023

Importance: Chronic subjective tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source for longer than six months, may be a greatly debilitating condition for some people, and is associated with psychiatric comorbidities and high healthcare costs. Current treatments are not beneficial for all patients and there is a large need for new therapies for tinnitus. Observations: Unlike rarer cases of objective tinnitus, chronic subjective tinnitus often has no obvious etiology and a diverse pathophysiology. In the absence of objective testing, diagnosis is heavily based on clinical assessment. Management strategies include hearing aids, sound masking, tinnitus retraining therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and emerging therapies including transcranial magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation. Conclusions and relevance: Although current treatments are limited, emerging diagnostics and treatments provide promising avenues for the management of tinnitus symptoms.
Therapeutic Management and Long-Term Outcome of Hyperthyroidism in Patients with Antithyroid-Induced Agranulocytosis: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: García Gómez Carlos , Navarro Elena , Alcázar Victoria , López-Guzmán Antonio , Arrieta Francisco , Anda Emma , Biagetti Betina , Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , Villabona Carles , de Assín Valverde Andrés Ruiz , Lamas Cristina , Lecumberri Beatriz , Rosado Sierra José Antonio , Sastre Julia , Díez Juan José , Iglesias Pedro
Published: October 2023

Background: Antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis (AIA) (neutrophils <500/µL) is a rare but serious complication in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Methodology: Adult patients with AIA who were followed up at 12 hospitals in Spain were retrospectively studied. A total of 29 patients were studied. The etiology of hyperthyroidism was distributed as follows: Graves’ disease (n = 21), amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (n = 7), and hyperfunctioning multinodular goiter (n = 1). Twenty-one patients were treated with methimazole, as well as six patients with carbimazole and two patients with propylthiouracil. Results: The median (IQR) time to development of agranulocytosis was 6.0 (4.0–11.5) weeks. The most common presenting sign was fever accompanied by odynophagia. All of the patients required admission, reverse isolation, and broad-spectrum antibiotics; moreover, G-CSF was administered to 26 patients (89.7%). Twenty-one patients received definitive treatment, thirteen patients received surgery, nine patients received radioiodine, and one of the patients required both treatments. Spontaneous normalization of thyroid hormone values occurred in six patients (four patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and two patients with Graves’ disease), and two patients died of septic shock secondary to AIA. Conclusions: AIA is a potentially lethal complication that usually appears around 6 weeks after the initiation of antithyroid therapy. Multiple drugs are required to control hyperthyroidism before definitive treatment; additionally, in a significant percentage of patients (mainly in those treated with amiodarone), hyperthyroidism resolved spontaneously.
Assessment of Biochemical Parameters in 8- and 9-Year-Old Children with Excessive Body Weight Participating in a Year-Long Intervention Program
Authors: Raducha Dominika , Ratajczak Joanna , Kostrzeba Ewa , Berus Ewa , Walczak Mieczysław , Petriczko Elżbieta
Published: October 2023

Childhood obesity represents a significant challenge both clinically and socio-economically. This study aimed to assess specific biochemical parameters, particularly glucose, insulin and lipid profile, before and after a year-long intervention program in 8- and 9-year-old children with excessive body weight living in Szczecin, Poland from 2016 to 2018. The research comprised two phases: screening in elementary schools and intervention in the outpatient clinic of the clinical Pomeranian Medical University hospital. Out of 11,494 8- to 9-year-olds in Szczecin, 42.54% (4890) participated in the screening. In the intervention phase, 515 children were examined. Anthropometric measurements were recorded at each visit, and blood samples were collected during the first and fourth visits. In the statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, t-Student and ANOVA tests were employed (with statistical significance when p ≤ 0.05). Results highlighted a significant proportion of children exhibiting disruptions in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A total of 8.6% of participants had elevated total cholesterol, 9.7% had reduced HDL, 13.4% had elevated LDL, and 21.2% had elevated triglycerides. Initially, abnormal fasting glucose was detected in 4.7% of children, and elevated insulin levels in 3.1%. Metabolic disorders persisted post-intervention despite BMI improvement. The results emphasize the necessity for prolonged programs with frequent follow-ups targeting weight normalization in children.
Computational Estimate of the Initial Damage Effect on the Fatigue Strength of Composite Materials
Authors: Shramko Konstantin Konstantinovich , Kononov Nikolai Olegovich , Lutoshkina Arina Evgenevna , Shadrinov Aleksey Viktorovich
Published: October 2023

An estimate of the effect of initial damage, such as delamination in the area of a structural hole, on the static and fatigue strength of polymer composite material (PCM) based on computational mechanics methods is presented. Calculation for durability of structural elements made of PCM is conducted using Simcenter 3D—Samcef package and Specialist Durability module. A typical carbon fiber-reinforced plastic with the available physical and mechanical characteristics obtained from the tests was chosen as the study material. Fatigue characteristics of the typical carbon fiber-reinforced plastic were approximated for subsequent calculation on durability. In the durability calculation, the observed parameter is the degradation of the material stiffness under repeated loading of the investigated area. The convergence with the experimental results of the fatigue strength modeling for a defect-free sample, which is a strip with a hole, is estimated. The fatigue strength of a sample with a delamination-type defect is also compared with the fatigue strength of a damage-free sample.
Heparin-Loaded Composite Coatings on Porous Stent from Pure Magnesium for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lai Yu-Liang , Lin Cheng-Rui , Yen Chao-Chun , Yen Shiow-Kang
Published: October 2023

Challenges associated with drug-releasing stents used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) encompass allergic reactions, prolonged endothelial dysfunction, and delayed stent clotting. Although absorbable stents made from magnesium alloys seem promising, fast in vivo degradation and poor biocompatibility remain major challenges. In this study, zirconia (ZrO2) layers were used as the foundational coat, while calcium phosphate (CaP) served as the surface layer on unalloyed magnesium specimens. Consequently, the corrosion current density was decreased to 3.86, from 13.3 μA/cm2. Moreover, a heparin-controlled release mechanism was created by co-depositing CaP, gelatin (Gel), and heparin (Hep) on the specimens coated with CaP/ZrO2, thereby boosting magnesium’s blood compatibility and prolonging the heparin-releasing time. Techniques like X-ray diffractometry (XRD), focused ion beam (FIB) system, toluidine blue testing, UV–visible spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and surrogate tests for endothelial cell viability were employed to examine the heparin-infused coatings. The drug content rose to 484.19 ± 19.26 μg/cm2 in multi-layered coatings (CaP-Gel-Hep/CaP-Hep/CaP/ZrO2) from 243.56 ± 55.18 μg/cm2 in a single layer (CaP-Hep), with the controlled release spanning beyond 28 days. Also, cellular viability assessments indicated enhanced biocompatibility of the coated samples relative to those without coatings. This suggests the potential of magnesium samples after coating ZrO2 and CaP with Gel as candidates for porous biodegradable stents or even scaffolds in biomedical applications.
The Reliability of Linear Speed with and without Ball Possession of Pubertal Soccer Players
Authors: Manouras Nikolaos , Batatolis Christos , Ioakimidis Panagiotis , Karatrantou Konstantina , Gerodimos Vassilis
Published: October 2023

Reliable fitness tests with low day-to-day and trial-to-trial variation are a prerequisite for tracking a player’s performance or for identifying meaningful changes in training interventions. The present study examined the inter- and intra-session reliability of 30 m linear speed with and without ball possession as well as the reliability of a specific performance index of pubertal soccer players. A total of 40 pubertal (14.87 ± 1.23 years old) male soccer players performed two testing sessions (test–retest) separated by 72 h. Both testing sessions included a protocol consisting of two maximal trials of 30 m linear speed with and without ball possession. A performance index, indicating the difference between the two speed tests, was also calculated using two different equations (delta value and percentage value). The relative and absolute inter-session reliabilities were good/high for all testing variables (ICC = 0.957–0.995; SEM% = 0.62–8.83). There were also good/high relative and absolute intra-session reliabilities observed for all testing variables (ICC = 0.974–0.987; SEM% = 1.26–6.70%). According to the Bland–Altman plots, the differences between test–retest and trials for all observations were within the defined 95% limits of agreement. The reliable testing protocols and performance index for the evaluation of linear speed with and without ball possession, observed in this study, may be used in speed monitoring and training planning of pubertal soccer players.
Conspiracy Thinking, Online Misinformation, and Hate: Insights from an Italian News Story Using Topic Modeling Techniques
Authors: Vellucci Pierluigi
Published: October 2023

This study delved into the realm of conspiratorial thinking and misinformation on Twitter, examining the case of Silvia Romano, an Italian aid worker who faced online conspiratorial attacks before and after her release. With the increasing prevalence of conspiratorial narratives on social media, this research investigated the interplay between conspiratorial thinking and the dissemination of misinformation. Two datasets comprising Italian tweets were analyzed, aiming to uncover primary topics, detect instances of conspiratorial thinking, explore broader emerging topics beyond Silvia Romano’s case, and examine whether authors of conspiratorial narratives also engage in spreading misinformation. Twitter served as a critical platform for this study, reflecting its evolving role in news dissemination and social networking. The research employed topic modeling techniques and coherence scores to achieve these objectives, addressing challenges posed by the inherent ambiguities in defining conspiratorial narratives. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of conspiratorial thinking and misinformation in the digital age.
Rare Variants of Obesity-Associated Genes in Young Adults with Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Bairqdar Ahmad , Shakhtshneider Elena , Ivanoshchuk Dinara , Mikhailova Svetlana , Kashtanova Elena , Shramko Viktoriya , Polonskaya Yana , Ragino Yuliya
Published: October 2023

The increase in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and associated diseases is a serious problem. The aim of the study was to identify rare variants in obesity-associated genes in young adults with abdominal obesity in our population and to analyze information about these variants in other populations. Targeted high-throughput sequencing of obesity-associated genes was performed (203 young adults with an abdominal obesity phenotype). In our study, all of the 203 young adults with abdominal obesity had some rare variant in the genes associated with obesity. The widest range of rare and common variants was presented in ADIPOQ, FTO, GLP1R, GHRL, and INS genes. The use of targeted sequencing and clinical criteria makes it possible to identify carriers of rare clinically significant variants in a wide range of obesity-associated genes and to investigate their influence on phenotypic manifestations of abdominal obesity.
Challenging ChatGPT 3.5 in Senology—An Assessment of Concordance with Breast Cancer Tumor Board Decision Making
Authors: Griewing Sebastian , Gremke Niklas , Wagner Uwe , Lingenfelder Michael , Kuhn Sebastian , Boekhoff Jelena
Published: October 2023

With the recent diffusion of access to publicly available large language models (LLMs), common interest in generative artificial-intelligence-based applications for medical purposes has skyrocketed. The increased use of these models by tech-savvy patients for personal health issues calls for a scientific evaluation of whether LLMs provide a satisfactory level of accuracy for treatment decisions. This observational study compares the concordance of treatment recommendations from the popular LLM ChatGPT 3.5 with those of a multidisciplinary tumor board for breast cancer (MTB). The study design builds on previous findings by combining an extended input model with patient profiles reflecting patho- and immunomorphological diversity of primary breast cancer, including primary metastasis and precancerous tumor stages. Overall concordance between the LLM and MTB is reached for half of the patient profiles, including precancerous lesions. In the assessment of invasive breast cancer profiles, the concordance amounts to 58.8%. Nevertheless, as the LLM makes considerably fraudulent decisions at times, we do not identify the current development status of publicly available LLMs to be adequate as a support tool for tumor boards. Gynecological oncologists should familiarize themselves with the capabilities of LLMs in order to understand and utilize their potential while keeping in mind potential risks and limitations.
Understanding the Effects of Market Volatility on Profitability Perceptions of Housing Market Developers
Authors: Valaei Sharif Shahab , Parker Dawn Cassandra , Waddell Paul , Tsiakopoulos Ted
Published: October 2023

Drastic shifts in prices and housing market trends in recent years, representing shocks to the housing system, have led many residential developers to pause or cancel their projects. In the already heated housing markets of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), these supply frictions can have ramifications for affordability. Our study formulates a standardized “proforma” model of the profitability of a hypothetical condominium project in the city of Toronto, Canada, scheduled between 2019 to 2023, to explore the combined effect of developers’ price expectations and market volatility on developers’ decisions. Using the proposed proforma, we first identify the key drivers of development decisions. We then evaluate the impact of the expectation formation of key factors influencing perceived development profitability, including construction costs, sales prices, and interest rates, on the financial feasibility of potential developments. The results highlight that boundedly rational expectations can cause variations in profitability perceptions and potentially reverse development decisions in volatile market conditions. Our results highlight the sources of risk and uncertainty in development decisions, facilitating the recognition of possible solutions to mitigate these risks and increase affordable housing supplies. The proposed model can also enhance the realism of decision models in agent-based representations of land and housing markets.
Effects of Portion Number and Marital Status on Decision-Making Dependence When Using Food Delivery Applications
Authors: Roh Minjung , Park Kiwan
Published: October 2023

Delivery applications represent more than just substitutes for phone calls when ordering food. Unlike phone calls, delivery applications not only facilitate orders and payments, but also assist users in narrowing down the multiple options to a final choice. This research focused on the extent to which users rely on delivery applications to make food-ordering decisions and examined how two factors—portion number and marital status—affect this dependence. The empirical results supported our prediction that (i) single-portion users depend more heavily on delivery applications than multiple-portion users, as the latter have no meal companions to consult; and (ii) unmarried (vs. married) users exhibited an even greater dependence on delivery applications in a single-portion-meal context, due to a weaker sense of responsibility for and agency over meal preparation. These findings illustrate how delivery applications can contribute to the expansion of delivery service markets by influencing food-ordering decision-making behavior.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Stearic Acid Additive on the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Mineral Oil 2137
Authors: Li Wei , Guo Feng , Liu Chenglong , Ma Zhaoqun
Published: October 2023

Using an optical elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) test rig, oil film thickness and the coefficient of friction (COF) were measured, and the influence of stearic acid additive on the EHL performance of mineral oil 2137 was investigated. The results showed that 2137 with 0.3 wt% stearic acid (denoted to as 2137s) achieved the same film thickness as 2137, while the COF of 2137s was significantly lower than that of 2137 when the contact was under conditions of a fully lubricant supply. Under conditions of limited lubricant supply, 2137 base oil was prone to oil starvation with the increase of entrainment velocity. On the other hand, 2137s significantly mitigated the oil starvation. This was attributed to the fact that lower surface energy by the adsorption of stearic acid results in discontinuous oil-droplet distribution on the lubrication track and, therefore, early pressure generation. Moreover, it is interesting to find that less 2137s supply quantity can produce higher film thickness when the contact is at high speeds, which is attributed to the fact that a smaller quantity of 2137s gives smaller droplets on the lubrication track, and the resultant small surface area–volume ratio presents oil more resistance to the centrifugal force and results in less oil escaping from the lubrication track. The addition of stearic acid reduced the average COF of 2137 mineral oil by about 13.3%
2-(1-Methoxycarbonyl-2-phenyleth-1-yl)-1-benzylpyridin-1-ium Bromide
Authors: Suigo Lorenzo , Straniero Valentina , Valoti Ermanno
Published: October 2023

In this work, we report the unexpected conversion of a pyridine derivative into the corresponding N-benzylated pyridinium salt due to the presence of unreacted benzyl bromide in the crude product. This transformation was observed at room temperature in a solvent-free environment and without any stirring. These interesting data show how pyridinium salts can be formed in mild conditions, avoiding high temperatures that could promote the degradation of the desired product.
Characteristics of the Side Surfaces and Edges of Welded Wire Meshes Used in the Construction of Welded Slotted Screens
Authors: Bąk Mariusz , Wencel Sylwia , Wieczorek Paweł
Published: October 2023

Welded resistance slotted screens, also known as slotted screens, are a special type of screen primarily used for the filtration and separation of liquids and dust. They are characterized by slots with parallel geometry and precisely defined sizes. The quality of the side surfaces and edges of welded wires determines the durability of the slotted screens made from them. This article presents the results of tests for four types of wires: two types of working profile wires made from austenitic-ferritic steel (duplex) and two types of supporting cross wires made from ferritic steel. The wire surfaces were characterized using a profilometer and atomic force microscopy. Basic roughness parameters Ra, Rz, and SAD (surface area difference) were determined. Surface observations of the working profiles were conducted using scanning electron microscopy. These studies allowed for the characterization of the working wire surfaces used in the production of slotted screens. At work, the results of surface roughness were analyzed based on three measurement methods for wires used in the production of welded slot screens. These results allowed for the identification of the most reliable method for characterizing the surface condition of such products.
Mathematical Modeling of Neurons and Brain Networks: Fundamental Principles and Special Applications
Authors: Sysoev Ilya V.
Published: October 2023

Mathematical modeling is a necessary step in understanding real world phenomena after experimental data are obtained and analyzed [...]
On Chaos and Complexity Analysis for a New Sine-Based Memristor Map with Commensurate and Incommensurate Fractional Orders
Authors: Hamadneh Tareq , Abbes Abderrahmane , Al-Tarawneh Hassan , Gharib Gharib Mousa , Salameh Wael Mahmoud Mohammad , Al Soudi Maha S. , Ouannas Adel
Published: October 2023

In this study, we expand a 2D sine map via adding the discrete memristor to introduce a new 3D fractional-order sine-based memristor map. Under commensurate and incommensurate orders, we conduct an extensive exploration and analysis of its nonlinear dynamic behaviors, employing diverse numerical techniques, such as analyzing Lyapunov exponents, visualizing phase portraits, and plotting bifurcation diagrams. The results emphasize the sine-based memristor map’s sensitivity to fractional-order parameters, resulting in the emergence of distinct and diverse dynamic patterns. In addition, we employ the sample entropy (SampEn) method and C0 complexity to quantitatively measure complexity, and we also utilize the 0–1 test to validate the presence of chaos in the proposed fractional-order sine-based memristor map. Finally, MATLAB simulations are be executed to confirm the results provided.
On the Computability of Primitive Recursive Functions by Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kulyukin Vladimir A.
Published: October 2023

We show that, for a primitive recursive function h(x,t), where x is a n-tuple of natural numbers and t is a natural number, there exists a feedforward artificial neural network N(x,t), such that for any n-tuple of natural numbers z and a positive natural number m, the first m+1 terms of the sequence {h(z,t)} are the same as the terms of the tuple (N(z,0),…,N(z,m)).
The Identification of a New Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Type in Resistance Spot Welding of Advanced High−Strength Steels on Reduced Flange Widths
Authors: Yang Keke , Meschut Gerson , Seitz Georg , Biegler Max , Rethmeier Michael
Published: October 2023

Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking is a phenomenon observed during resistance spot welding (RSW) of zinc−coated advanced high−strength steels (AHSS) in automotive manufacturing. In this study, severe cracks are observed at the edge of the sheet under reduced flange widths. These cracks, traversing the AHSS sheet, culminate at the edge with a width of approximately 1.2 mm. Through combined numerical and experimental investigations, and material testing, these cracks are identified and validated as a new type of LME crack. The mechanism behind this crack formation is attributed to unique geometric conditions that, when compared to center welding, amplify radial material flow by ninefold to 0.87 mm. The resultant tangential tensile stresses approximate 760 MPa, which exceed the yield strength of the examined advanced high−strength steel (AHSS) under heightened temperature conditions, and when combined with liquid zinc, promote the formation of this new type of LME crack.
Engineering Escherichia coli for Isobutanol Production from Xylose or Glucose–Xylose Mixture
Authors: Gu Pengfei , Li Fangfang , Huang Zhaosong
Published: October 2023

Aiming to overcome the depletion of fossil fuels and serious environmental pollution, biofuels such as isobutanol have garnered increased attention. Among different synthesis methods, the microbial fermentation of isobutanol from raw substrate is a promising strategy due to its low cost and environmentally friendly and optically pure products. As an important component of lignocellulosics and the second most common sugar in nature, xylose has become a promising renewable resource for microbial production. However, bottlenecks in xylose utilization limit its wide application as substrates. In this work, an isobutanol synthetic pathway from xylose was first constructed in E. coli MG1655 through the combination of the Ehrlich and Dahms pathways. The engineering of xylose transport and electron transport chain complexes further improved xylose assimilation and isobutanol production. By optimizing xylose supplement concentration, the recombinant E. coli strain BWL4 could produce 485.35 mg/L isobutanol from 20 g/L of xylose. To our knowledge, this is the first report related to isobutanol production using xylose as a sole carbon source in E. coli. Additionally, a glucose–xylose mixture was utilized as the carbon source. The Entner–Doudorof pathway was used to assimilate glucose, and the Ehrlich pathway was applied for isobutanol production. After carefully engineering the recombinant E. coli, strain BWL9 could produce 528.72 mg/L isobutanol from a mixture of 20 g/L glucose and 10 g/L xylose. The engineering strategies applied in this work provide a useful reference for the microbial production of isobutanol from xylose or glucose–xylose mixture.
Composition of Fumes and Its Influence on the General Toxicity and Applicability of Mining Explosives
Authors: Biessikirski Andrzej , Dworzak Michał , Twardosz Michał
Published: October 2023

The admissible concentrations of toxic fumes, which appear after blasting works in open pits and underground mine excavations, are presented in this paper. Fumes were examined according to the national standard, which was designed according to European regulations. Fumes that are taken under consideration according to the European standard are carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrate oxides (NOx). The afterburning effect was not included. Analysis showed inconclusive results of possible explosive applicability in countries that are applying the general toxicity index (toxicity coefficient may vary between countries from 5 to 10) instead of the recommended European regulation. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the most environmentally friendly explosives are emulsion explosives. Moreover, the ammonium nitrate prill diameter has not significantly affected the fumes’ concentration; however, it significantly influences the velocity of detonation.
Performance Research of Natural Mica Modified with Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for an Epoxy Resin Anti-Corrosion Coating
Authors: Zhu Lijuan , Feng Chun , Peng Bokai , Hui Xuezhi , Bai Xiaofeng , Yu Zongxue
Published: October 2023

A new composite material made from mica and a metal–organic framework (MOF) has been developed to improve the anticorrosive capabilities of epoxy resin coatings. The layered mica was loaded with denser and more uniform UIO-66 nanoparticles after modifying the composite with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The composites were used as fillers to prepare epoxy coatings that exhibited long-lasting active (labyrinth effect produced by mica) and passive (pH-sensitive release of corrosion inhibitors) corrosion protection. Settling experiments showed that polyethyleneimine improved the composites’ compatibility in epoxy resin. After being immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 60 days, the adhesion of PMC–UIO@MBT/EP increases to 9.01 MPa, while the water absorption rate only reaches 2.57%. It indicates that the coating has good barrier properties and stability. After being soaked in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 60 days at pH = 7, PMC–UIO@MBT/EP exhibits high low-frequency impedance (8.30 × 108 Ω), as demonstrated by the electronic impedance spectrum (EIS). In addition, the coating also exhibited the highest low-frequency impedance after 30 days in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at pH = 11.
Unveiling Oxygen K-Edge and Cobalt L-Edge Electron Energy Loss Spectra of Cobalt Hydroxide and Their Evolution under Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Seo Jong Hyeok , Kwon Ji-Hwan
Published: October 2023

Cobalt hydroxides, Co(OH)2, have attracted considerable attention due to their diverse applications in the fields of energy and the environment. However, probing the electronic structure of Co(OH)2 is challenging, mainly due to its sensitivity to electron beam irradiation. In this study, we report the unperturbed O K-edge and Co L-edge for Co(OH)2 by electron beam damage and investigate the electronic structure transformation of Co(OH)2 under electron beam irradiation, using low current electron energy loss spectroscopy. In particular, the O K-edge pre-peak at 530 eV, which is not found in the undamaged Co(OH)2, begins to appear with an increasing electron beam current. In addition, the Co L-edge peak shifts to a higher energy, close to Co3O4, indicating that the localized phase transition within Co(OH)2 leads to the formation of Co3O4.
Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata) Pods Induce Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cells by Activating the BMP2/SMAD/RUNX2 Pathway
Authors: Hwang Yu Jin , Hwang Hye-Jeong , Go Hyunseo , Park NaYeong , Hwang Kyung-A
Published: October 2023

Sword bean (SB) contains various phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. Although the evaluation of its potential functions, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, liver protection, and antiangiogenic activities, has been widely reported, research on their use in osteoporosis prevention is insufficient. Furthermore, while various studies are conducted on SB, research on sword bean pods (SBP) is not yet active, and little is known about it. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of promoting osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells using SB and SBP extracts and their mechanisms. We show that SBP extracts increase osteoblast proliferation, mineralization-activated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen synthesis activities. Additionally, treatment with SBP extract increased the expression of markers related to osteoblast differentiation, such as ALP, SPARC, RUNX2, COL-I, BMP2, OCN, and OPN. It was confirmed that SBP induces differentiation by activating the BMP2/SMAD/RUNX2 pathway. We also show that SBP is more effective than SB, and SBP may be useful in assimilating bone minerals and preventing osteoporosis.
Does the Protective Effect of Zinc on Telomere Length Depend on the Presence of Hypertension or Type 2 Diabetes? Results from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project, Japan
Authors: Sato Mahiro , Wai Kyi Mar , Itoh Ken , Yang Yichi , Uchikawa Yuka , Ito Yukihiko , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ihara Kazushige
Published: October 2023

Telomeres, repeated TTAGGG sequences at chromosomal ends, shorten with age and indicate cellular lifespan. Zinc can protect against telomere damage through its anti-oxidative effect. Meanwhile, telomere shortening was correlated with metabolic diseases of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the association between zinc and telomere length differs by the presence or absence of hypertension/type 2 diabetes. This is a cross-sectional study with 1064 participants of the Iwaki area, Japan. Multiple linear regression models were performed to test the hypothesis. A higher serum zinc concentration was significantly associated with a longer G-tail length (β = 48.11, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 25.69, 70.54, p < 0.001). By multivariate linear regression analysis, there was a significant positive association between zinc and G-tail length in both hypertensive (β = 46.84, 95%CI: 9.69, 84.0, p = 0.014) and non-hypertensive groups (β = 49.47, 95%CI: 20.75, 78.18, p = 0.001), while the association was significant only in the non-diabetes group (β = 50.82, 95%CI: 27.54, 74.11, p < 0.001). In conclusion, higher zinc concentration was significantly associated with longer G-tail length. The protective effect of zinc on G-tail did not differ by hypertension status; however, it disappeared in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Partial Replacement of Diet with Dehulled Adlay Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Gut Dysbiosis in Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Huang Hsuan-Chih , Lee Pei-Ni , Huang Wen-Chih , Yang Hsin-Yi
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide, and the average age at NAFLD diagnosis has been decreasing. Although some components of adlay can ameliorate lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota, few studies have explored the effects of the dietary intake of intact dehulled adlay on liver diseases. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of the dietary intake of dehulled adlay on NAFLD progression and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. Rats were randomized into a control group; a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (60% total energy derived from fat and 9.4% from sucrose)-induced NAFLD group (N); or a high-fat, high-sucrose diet with dehulled adlay group (received the same amounts of dietary fiber and total energy as did the N group). The experimental duration was 16 weeks. The diet containing dehulled adlay mitigated hepatic fat accumulation, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress by regulating the AMPK-Nrf2-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and ferroptosis. Additionally, the dietary intake of dehulled adlay modulated the composition of the gut microbiota. In conclusion, a diet containing dehulled adlay may decelerate the progression of NAFLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis.
The Role of Vitamin D in Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agoncillo Miguel , Yu Josephine , Gunton Jenny E.
Published: October 2023

Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D’s positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery.
The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Infants’ Health
Authors: Stoica Andreea Bianca , Mărginean Claudiu
Published: October 2023

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in bone health and musculoskeletal development. The aim of this narrative review is to present up-to-date information about the impact of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on the health status of infants in their first year of life. Vitamin D is indispensable for skeletal growth and bone health, and emerging research suggests that it may also have significant roles in maternal and fetal health. VDD affects a large proportion of infants according to current guidelines. However, its prevalence varies depending on geographic location, skin pigmentation, and the time of year. Based on current guidelines for normal vitamin D levels and recommended daily intake, studies suggest that VDD is a global health issue with potentially significant implications for those at risk, especially infants. Our understanding of the role of vitamin D has improved significantly in the last few decades. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effect of vitamin D on preterm birth, low birth weight, anthropometric parameters, and health outcomes such as infectious diseases in infants, have found conflicting or inconsistent results. It is important to encourage further research to fill in these knowledge gaps and develop national or global strategies that ease the burden of VDD, especially in groups at risk.
The Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Avena fatua Extract: Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
Authors: Qureshi Ahmad Kaleem , Farooq Umar , Shakeel Qaiser , Ali Sajjad , Ashiq Sarfraz , Shahzad Sohail , Tariq Muhammad , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Jamal Aftab , Saeed Muhammad Farhan , Manachini Barbara
Published: October 2023

Using plant extracts as eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles has gained significant attention in recent years. The current study explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Avena fatua extract and evaluates their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol), a fungal plant pathogen. A green and sustainable approach was adopted to synthesize silver nanoparticles before these nanoparticles were employed for anti-fungal activity. The primary indication that AgNPs had formed was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy, where a strong peak at 425 nm indicated the effective formation of these nanoparticles. The indication of important functional groups acting as reducing and stabilizing agents was conducted using the FTIR study. Additionally, morphological studies were executed via SEM and AFM, which assisted with more effectively analyzing AgNPs. Crystalline behavior and size were estimated using powder XRD, and it was found that AgNPs were highly crystalline, and their size ranged from 5 to 25 nm. Synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Fol at a concentration of 40 ppm. Furthermore, the inhibitory index confirmed a positive correlation between increasing AgNPs concentration and exposure duration. This study suggests that the combined phytochemical mycotoxic effect of the plant extract and the smaller size of synthesized AgNPs were responsible for the highest penetrating power to inhibit Fol growth. Moreover, this study highlights the potential of using plant extracts as reducing and capping agents for the green synthesis of AgNPs with antifungal properties. The study concludes that A. fatua extract can synthesize antifungal AgNPs as a sustainable approach with robust antifungal efficacy against Fol, underscoring their promising potential for integration into plant protection strategies.
Development of ARPE-19-Equipped Ocular Cell Model for In Vitro Investigation on Ophthalmic Formulations
Authors: Sapino Simona , Chindamo Giulia , Peira Elena , Chirio Daniela , Foglietta Federica , Serpe Loredana , Vizio Barbara , Gallarate Marina
Published: October 2023

Repeated intravitreal (IVT) injections in the treatment of retinal diseases can lead to severe complications. Developing innovative drug delivery systems for IVT administration is crucial to prevent adverse reactions, but requires extensive investigation including the use of different preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo). Our previous work described an in vitro tricompartmental ocular flow cell (TOFC) simulating the anterior and posterior cavities of the human eye. Based on promising preliminary results, in this study, a collagen scaffold enriched with human retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) was developed and introduced into the TOFC to partially mimic the human retina. Cells were cultured under dynamic flow conditions to emulate the posterior segment of the human eye. Bevacizumab was then injected into the central compartment of the TOFC to treat ARPE-19 cells and assess its effects. The results showed an absence of cytotoxic activity and a significant reduction in VEGF fluorescent signal, underscoring the potential of this in vitro model as a platform for researching new ophthalmic formulations addressing the posterior eye segment, eventually decreasing the need for animal testing.