bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for the analysis of ilmenite, titanium-bearing slags and other electric furnace slags part iii: a review and comments on some typical methods for the separation and determination of aluminum
Authors: Hitchen A
Published: July 2017

A review of some typical methods for the separation and determination of aluminum in a variety of materials is presented. A discussion is given of the nature of interferences and sources of error likely to be encountered in the application of several of the
methods. For application to the analysis of ilmenite and titanium-bearing slags, the simplest and most attractive methods appear to be those which involve an extraction step followed by a chelometric titration using EDTA or DCYTA.
An automated system for continuous monitoring of SO2, NO2 and Nox in boiler flue gas
Authors: Jeffrey R K , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

This report describes an automated system for continuously sampling, analyzing and recording SO 2' NO 2 and NO x levels in combustion products such as boiler flue gas. The system employs three parallel-connected, automated wet-chemical analyzers for monitoring
each pollutant simultaneously and selectively. Each analyzer is supplied with a clean, moisture-free stream of flue gas which has been accurately diluted and blended with nitrogen to suit the concentration range of the selected methodologies. Response time between sample inlet and readout is 20 min
for SO 2 and 7 min for both NO and NO x . During the past two years, the system has been used to monitor a wide range of combustion research experiments with a high degree of reliability, precision and accuracy.
The construction and operation of a rotary burner for fluorimetric uranium analysis
Authors: Ashbrook A W
Published: July 2017

The construction and operation of a rotary burner, for use in the fusion of uranium-containing samples with sodium fluoride flux prior to the fluorimetric determination of uranium, is described. The burner consists essentially of an arrangement of LPG burners
providing a circular flame through which dishes containing sample and flux are rotated. This arrangement results in even and reproducible heat distribution to the dishes, and provides good precision between individual fusions, and between replicate analyses. The burner is fitted for semi-automatic
operation, which also increases the reproducibility of the fusion technique.
The determination of slurry density by fast-neutron thermalization
Authors: Dibbs H P , Dalton J L , McMahon C
Published: July 2017

An account is given of the application of the neutron-moisture gauge principle to the determination of the density of iron oxide slurries. A linear relationship was found between the solid:liquid ratio of the water slurry, from 15 to 50 per cent by weight, and
the neutron count-rate. These results are compared with simultaneous density measurements made with a gamma-density gauge. The influence on the density measurements of elements with large neutron cross sections is also discussed.
Comparison of bottom-feed and top-feed reaction systems for hydrodesulphurization
Authors: Takematsu T , Parsons B I
Published: July 2017

The bulletin describes a bench-scale investigation of top-feed (mixed phase) and bottom-feed (liquid phase) continuous-flow systems for the hydrodesulphurization of a heavy "coker" gas-oil derived from the Athabasca bitumen. The specific gravity of the feed stock
was 0.95 and the sulphur content was 3.4 wt %. The catalyst used was a commercially prepared mixture of the oxides of cobalt and molybdenum on alumina. In almost every respect the bottom-feed system was found to be more effective than the top-feed arrangement. The greater heat transferring
capability of the liquid phase and the mixing effected by the bubbling hydrogen improved temperature control within the reactor considerably. More extensive desulphurization (at higher space velocities) was possible with the bottom-feed arrangement because of the longer residence time and improved
temperature control. Fuel oil containing 1 % sulphur could be produced at a space velocity of 3, 355°C and 2000 psi with only 3 to 4 % hydrocracking to low-boiling fractions. Fuel oil containing only 0.5 % sulphur could be produced at similar temperatures and pressures at a space
velocity of 2.
The influence of gamma radiation on the flotation of minerals
Authors: Dibbs H P , Fortin R A
Published: July 2017

The effect of gamma radiation on the flotation and the collector adsorption properties of quartz has been studied for radiation doses between 1.1 x 10 4 and 7 x 10 7 rads. No difference in behaviour was found between the irradiated and the non-irradiated samples.
Flotation studies were also made on irradiated and non-irradiated galena and chalcopyrite; here again, no radiation-induced effects were observed.
The mining of thick, flat coal seams by a long wall bottom slice with caving and drawing
Authors: Barron K
Published: July 2017

A method, developed in France, for mining thick, flat lying coal seams is described in detail. A longwall face is retreated along the footwall of the thick seam and is supported by powered supports which incorporate a special banana prop at the rear. The coal
overlying the face caves behind it and is drawn through the banana props onto a rear face conveyor. Face advance is achieved either by hand mining or by using a conventional double drum shearer. Details of the mining method, problems encountered and good and bad mining practice are discussed. The
capital and operating costs, the production and productivity in France are given. Ground control and environmental control problems are also discussed. Consideration is then given to the potential use of this method for mining thick, flat lying, coking coal seams in Western Canada. It is shown that
the operating costs depend greatly on the seam thickness and that with current metallurgical coal prices the method, at best, would not be profitable in seams less than 28 ft thick in which a panel operating cost of $5.50/short ton raw coal might be achieved. In these circumstances, daily production
from a 100 m face would be 2750 short tons/raw coal at a panel productivity of 13.45 short tons/man shift and a face productivity of 29.5 short tons/man shift. The method is confined to seams that dip at less than 20° and the face must be operated on retreat and down dip. Serious ventilation
problems are envisaged in very gassy coal seams. The very friable nature of Western Canadian coal seams in the Rocky mountains could lead to serious problems in supporting the face and roof immediately ahead of the powered supports; caving in this region could pose almost insuperable problems. It is
therefore recommended that an experimental face must be operated using this method before a decision as to the viability of the method in Canada can be taken.
Plan geometry and other factors relating to natural rock slope stability applied to design of De Beers mine
Authors: Piteau D F
Published: July 2017

As part of a major study relating to the stability of rock slopes of De Beers Mine, a detailed investigation was made of the natural slopes of De Beers Mine and four other mines in Kimberley. Attempt was made to determine the controlling factors which either lead
to or detract from the stability of the slopes, the main objective being to assess whether the natural breakback of the slopes would jeopardize the main railway line located in close proximity to the pit. Current theories of slope stability all deal with a slope as a two-dimensional problem, i. e. a
slice of unit length of an infinitely long slope is considered for a condition of plane strain. In this the tacit assumption is made that the plan radii of the crest and toe of the slope are infinite. This is not the condition encountered in practice, particularly in open pit mining where these
radii of curvature have important effects on the safe slope angles. To determine these and other effects a study was made of the slope breakback and other related factors in the four big holes of the diamond mines in the Kimberley area. For each of these holes the same geological sequence is found
but the thicknesses of the strata vary and the plan shapes of the big holes are also different. The slopes within the big holes are up to 400 ft high and they formed naturally by breaking back and sloughing into the mined-out kimberlite pipes. A clear relationship is found to have formed between
plan radius of curvature of the toe of the slope and the angle of slope which has formed naturally by the breakback. These data have been analyzed statistically and an empirical relationship is produced relating slope angle (or breakback) to the plan radius or curvature. Other forms of analyses of
the basic radius of curvature and breakback data are conducted. It is shown that the major dimensions of the pipes are also important factors for the stability of these slopes. Based on simple experiments the mechanics of failure are determined and also factors such as comparison of effects of plan
radius of curvature on the upper and lower parts of the slopes and possible effects of regional stress are assessed.
Determination of tin in ores, steel and alloys with gallein after extraction as the iodide
Authors: Donaldson E M
Published: July 2017

A method for determining up to about 3.5% of tin in ores and mill products is described. After sample decomposition, tin is separated from the matrix elements by toluene extraction of tin(IV) iodide from a 2M sulphuric acid 1.5M potassium iodide-tartaric
acid medium, then back-extracted into 2% sodium hydroxide solution. The red complex formed between tin(IV) and gallein is extracted into n-amyl alcohol from a monochloroacetic acid-ascorbic acid medium, and the absorbance of the extract is determined at 496 nm. Arsenic, antimony, germanium, and
thallium are partly extracted as iodides under the proposed conditions, but large amounts of arsenic and moderate amounts of antimony, germanium, and thallium may be present in the sample solution without causing error in the results. The proposed method is also applicable to steel and copper-,
aluminum-, zinc-, and zirconium-base alloys.
Prevention of significant embrittlement in certain types of high-strength steels, prior to and during cadmium electroplating
Authors: Bednar J , Dingley W , Rogers R R
Published: July 2017

In the post, high-strength steels have become seriously embrittled during surface pretreatment and during subsequent cadmium electroplating. During this research, a method of chemical pretreatment was discovered by means of which the surfaces of Type 1062 and
4037 steels may be smoothed to eliminate sharp edges and cleaned for plating without introducing a significant amount of embrittlement. It also was found that specimens pretreated in this manner and plated with cadmium by a procedure previously developed by the authors are essentially free from
embrittlement. Considerable success also has been obtained with Type 4340 steel. A chemical method of removing embrittlement and plating without introducing further embrittlement also was discovered. Evidence is presented to suggest that this type of embrittlement is primarily a surface
phenomenon
Analyses of pit slides in some incompetent rocks
Authors: Coates D F , McRorie K L , Stubbins J B
Published: July 2017

Twenty-two pit slides that occurred in two Canadian open pit mining properties are analyzed. Information on the results of laboratory tests of the rocks and a brief description of the geological environment are also presented. One deduction from the study is that
slides seem to be predictable by using established theory. This corroboration indicates that, contrary to normal mining practice, the appropriate slope angle should vary with the height of the wall. In addition, if the general ground water level around an open pit can be reduced, the appropriate
slope angles of the walls could then be increased by a determinable amount. The ultimate objective of these investigations is to determine the relationship between the percentage probability of failure of any slope designed with specific strength parameters. With this relationship it would then be
possible to determine optimum slope angles
Système de détermination à distance de la vitesse de détonation de fortes charges explosives
Authors: Larocque G E , Kapeller F , Darling A
Published: July 2017

Les auteurs décrivent brièvement un ancien système utilisé par les Laboratoires de recherche en génie minier pour mesurer la vitesse de détonation explosive au cours d'essais sur le terrain. On souligne les faiblesses mécaniques
et les défauts de ce système, qui empêchent son usage pour le contrôle de fortes charges d'explosif. On donne une description détaillée d'un appareil de contrôle robuste et d'une source de courant constant à transistors, mis au point pour remplacer l'appareil
à source de courant constant, qui faisait partie de l'ancien système. Une nouvelle sonde d'explosif de remplacement est aussi décrite, et l'on donne un résumé des divers essais faits au cours de la mise au point des deux appareils mentionnés précédemment. Le
nouveau a été utilisé avec succès avec 2000 pieds de câble entre la sonde d'explosif et l'appareil de contrôle
A process for preparing tungstic trioxide of high purity from a Canadian scheelite concentrate
Authors: Vezima J A , Gow W A
Published: July 2017

A new process for treating scheelite for the production of tungstic trioxide is described. The novelty of the process resides in that an ion-exchanger is used to convert sodium tungstate to either ammonium tungstate or tungstic acid. The process consists of a
conventional hydrochloric acid leach of the scheelite concentrate, and the dissolution of the impure tungstic acid thus produced with sodium hydroxide at pH 8. The sodium tungstate solution is clarified and passed through a column of llowex 50Wx8 ion-exchange resin to exchange the sodium ions for
either hydrogen or ammonium ions, both being suitable. The tungsten-bearing column effluent is evaporated to crystallize the tungsten as ammonium tungstate; the crystals are washed with nitric acid and water and decomposed by heat to produce tungstic trioxide of high purity. Ninety-six per cent of
the tungsten in the concentrate may be recovered as tungstic trioxide (WO_,), and the reagents consumed are 0.7 g HC1, 0.41 g NaOH and either 1.73 g NHaCI or 225 g HCl per gram of tungsten
Variations in properties with composition in lead zirconate-titanate ceramics
Authors: Weston T B , Webster A H , McNamara V M
Published: July 2017

Lead zirconate-lead titanate ceramics, covering the compositional range 40 to 70 mole per cent lead zirconate, were prepared by cold pressing and sintering from co-precipitated powders. For these ceramics the maxima in the values of dielectric constant and
electromechanical coupling factor that occur at the rhombohedral-tetragonal boundary were found to be higher and sharper than previously reported for . unmodified lead zirconate-titanate. Dielectric and mechanical losses were lower in the tetragonal than in the rhombohedral phase. Determination of
the variations in properties with temperature confirmed the previously reported shift in the phase boundary toward higher zirconate compositions with increasing temperature. It was found that changes in electromechanical properties resulting from loss of lead oxide could be explained on the basis of
the formation of a more titanaterich solid solution, accompanied by the precipitation of zirconia
A new copperiron sulfide
Authors: Cabri L J
Published: July 2017

A copper-iron sulfide mineral from Noril'sk, Western Siberia, discovered and described as cubic chalcopyrite by Bud'ko and Kulagov (4), is shown to be a discrete mineral entity and not to be confused with cubic chalcopyrite. The term cubic chalcopyrite does, in
fact, refer to a valid phase, which is the face-centered cubic high-temperature polymorph of chalcopyrite. The new sulfide mineral tarnishes very rapidly in air, changing from the chalcopyrite color to hues of pink and brown, and eventually becoming iridescent. Electron-probe microanalyses of
several grains using synthetic standards gave Cu =36.1, Fe = 31.6, S = 31.9, Ni = 0.7 total = 100.3%. The strongest of the X-ray powder diffraction lines (in A) are 3.04(10), 2.656(5), L879(9), 1.598(7), 1.210(5), 1.079(6), and 1.0193(5). The (110) reflection at 7.52 A(3) clearly differentiates
it from cubic chalcopyrite. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that it has a large cubic cell with a = 10.648 A, possible space group 143m,. and a probable composition of Cu 13 (Fe,Ni) 18S 30. This composition gives a calculated specific gravity of 4.36 (measured value 4.24).
High-temperature X-ray diffraction, D.T.A., and quench experiments indicate that on heating to about 80 0 C the mineral breaks down to "tetragonal" cubanite and minor bornite. On slow cooling the original mineral is reformed. Since this new mineral closely resembles the qualitative descriptions for
chalcopyrrhotite in the literature, attempts to find it in specimens from the type chalcopyrrhotite locality were made, but none was found.
Preplating high-strength steels with copper to prevent embrittlement during chromium plating
Authors: Freedman C , Dingley W , Rogers R R
Published: July 2017

High-strength steel Types 1062, 4037, and E4340 ore severely embrittled when electroplated with chromium by o standard procedure. However, no significant embrittlement occurs when these steels ore (o) given o special acid treatment and (b) electroplated with
copper in o stable cyanide both, prior to the chromium plating.
The medium in continuous-vacuum filtration
Authors: Nemeth N , Sirois L L
Published: July 2017

The filter is an apparatus designed to hold the filter medium. At such a medium takes place the entire liquid-solid or gas-solid separation process. Hence, the medium is really the essence of filtration. Yet, the medium, an originally clean porous substance with
trapped solids in it, is perhaps the most neglected part of filtration research. Basically three problems prevail at the medium: i) Penetration of solids and their blinding of the medium and the influence of such blinding on the resistance to flow. ii) The behavior of the medium in long-term
repetitive filtration. iii) The filter effect phenomenon whereby the flow rate, on filtering an apparently clear liquid through a medium decreases with time. This study undertakes to investigate these fundamental processes. 4
Corrosion of metals by aqueous solutions of the atmospheric polutant sulfurous acid
Authors: McLeod W , Rogers R R
Published: July 2017

It has been found here that the corrosion rate of a metal in an acid such as H2S03, HN03, H2S04, or HCI, having a normality between N/1 and N/10,000, is related to the concentration of the acid in accordance with the equation Corrosion rate = a x ( Acid
Normality) b where a and b are constant for each combination of acid and metal and where the temperature is 25 °C. Having determined the values of a and b for a considerable number of these acid-metal combinations, it was possible 1-to compare the corrosion rates of the various metals in
sulfurous acid with those of the same metals in the well-known nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids, and 2- to determine the corrosion rates of the metals in sulfurous acid of different normalities
Continuous-strip galvanized coatings at elevated temperatures
Authors: Sebisty J J
Published: July 2017

The elevated-temperature deterioration of a continuous-strip galvanized product has been investigated by air-atmosphere heating in the temperature range 150°-400°C (300°-750° F) for periods up to 20 weeks. Various forms and degrees of
deterioration were revealed which were dependent on the conditions of exposure. The principal mechanism of failure involved the development of local iron zinc reaction outbursts which caused breakup and separation of the zinc layer and, in more advanced stages, intergranular penetration and
embrittlement of the steel substrate. The significance of the experimental findings to elevated-temperature use of the strip material tested is discussed.
Dynamic recovery of aluminum during hot rolling
Authors: Immarigeon J P , McQueen H J
Published: July 2017

Superpurity aluminum was rolled at 235 and 315 °C to 90 per cent reduction in a single pass. The changes in microstructure arising from the deformation were examined by polarized-light and transmission-electron microscopy. The original grains were elongated
in the direction of rolling and contained an equiaxed polygonized substructure. The subgrains were larger and more perfect at the higher rolling temperature. The extent of dynamic recovery is compared with that of commercial-purity aluminum and with that of other face-centred cubic
metals.
The effect of some operational variables on the properties of strontium hexaferrite
Authors: Bowman W S , Alexander G E , Childs J D
Published: July 2017

Strontium hexaferrite with the composition SrO. 5 · 5 Fe,03 has been prepared by precipitating strontium carbonate in an iron-oxide slurry. The precipitated powders were calcined at various temperatures up to 1300°C and ball-milled for various lengths
of time up to 32 hours. The resulting alcoholic slurries were pressed to discs under the influence of a magnetic field and then sintered at temperatures of 1100- 13000C. The surface area of the powders, and the ceramic and magnetic properties of the discs were measured. It was found that the
magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite are sensitive, not only to the sintering temperature, but also to changes in calcination temperature and milling time. Under the most favourable combination of treatment conditions and composition, energy products of 3.9 x 10° gauss-oersted have been
achieved.
X-ray spectrographic analysis at low two-theta angles
Authors: Reed D J
Published: July 2017

Undifferentiated radiation has been removed from the continuum at low 20 angles by inserting a lead shield at the end of the receiving· collimator to remove the upper third of the collimated X-ray beam before it strikes the analyzing crystal. The removal of
this radiation caused no decrease in analytical sensitivity although counting rates were reduced. ·Results are presented for the determination of tungsten and hafnium in steels and tantalum in high temperature alloys.
A study of the meteorological conditions which developed a classic "fumigation" inland from a large lake shoreline source
Authors: Hirt M S , Shenfeld L , Lee G K , Whaley H , Djurfors S
Published: July 2017

The study describes the change in meteorological conditions and associated air quality both at ground level and aloft from just prior to sunrise, at which time a stable atmosphere and low ground level pollutant concentrations existed, to the early afternoon of
the same day when solar heating resulted in the development of a classic inversion fumigation condition for a period of a few hours. Profiles of temperatures and winds were obtained using specifically designed battery operated radiosonde receivers with slow rise balloons. The spatial distribution of
sulphur dioxide concentrations was obtained utilising two automobiles and a helicopter each instrumented with a continuous rapid response analyser. The plume was measured to rise to a level at which an intensification of an inversion was noted. Average ground level concentrations as high as 0.90
ppm. were measured at a distance of 6 km. from the source during the inversion fumigation. The measured concentrations compared well with Predictions using established formulae.
Combustion and fouling characteristics of two Canadian lignites
Authors: Friedrich F D , Lee G K , Mitchell E R
Published: July 2017

The report describes combustion tests with Bienfait lignite from Saskatchewan and Onakawana lignite from James Bay. They were burned in a pilot - scale, pulverized-fired boiler primarily to study combustion performance and fireside fouling tendencies under
slag-tap conditions. Flame stability and complete combustion were readily obtained, although satisfactory slag tapping was not achieved with either fuel. Fireside ash deposit samples, representing each fuel, were collected from various parts of the boiler and subjected to exhaustive analyses. The
results indicate that, when burning Bienfait lignite, selective deposition of ash constituents takes place, resulting in a eutectic composition downstream of the furnace exit. In the case of Onakawana lignite, selective ash deposition did not occur. Deposit analyses, fusion temperatures, and
enrichment ratios are given for both fuels.
Calcination of gibbsite
Authors: Wheat T A
Published: July 2017

Data arc presented showing the changes in physical properties which occur during the calcination of Bayer-process gibbsite at temperatures up to 1400°C. The various stages of the calcination were examined using differential thermal analysis, X-ray
diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, optical and electron microscopy, and particle-size distribution analyses. The morphology of the gibbsite aggregates was found to be unchanged up to 1100°C, despite the development of several intermediate metastable phases. At higher
temperatures, the original gibbsite pseudomorphs become microporous coincident with the development of finely divided alpha-alumina which is formed in a strain-free state. The crystal size and pore size increase with temperature between 1100 and 1400°C. The influence of the parent gibbsite
structure on the morphology of the alpha-phase material is demonstrated in scanning-electron micrographs. The effect of various parameters on the milling of high-temperature calcines is also discussed
Solubility & equilibrium data for phenol-aqueous sodium salicylate-a methyl naphthalene system AND Laboratory studies on solvent extraction of low-temperature tar oils by aqueous sodium salicylate
Authors: Raj P , Dhanamjaya Prasad K , Ahmed S M , Subba Rao Y V , Vaidyeswaran R , Khaleel Akmal M A
Published: July 2017

Solubility and equilibrium data for phenol-aqueous sodium salicylate (54 per cent)-a-methyl naphthalene system at 34) C. are reported. The system exhibits two types of curves the ordinary bite type curve and a small convex loop with a solid and liquid phase
typical of systems containing water and an inorganic salt. The tie-line data fit with most of the empirical relationships reported in literature. The plait point for the system is at 360 per cent phenol concentration. AND The use of aqueous saturated sodium salicylate for the extraction of tar
acids from a low-temperature tar fraction is discussed. Solubility and equilibrium data for the system neutral oil-tar acids-aqueous sodium salicylate when plotted on a ternary diagram showed two types of curves: an ordinary bite type and another a loop containing solid and liquid phases. The
tie-line data agree with most of the empirical relationships reported in the literature. The plait point for the system had a tar acid concentration of 47%. The results have been compared with the earlier data for the system: phenol-a-methylnaphthalene-aqueous sodium
salicylate
Air pollution and energy reserves
Authors: Brown T D
Published: July 2017

Al the 571h International Labour Conference the IL() pledged support to any concerted campaign for the p1 4nection and enhancement of the human environment. The Canadian government has already taken steps in this direction by the establishment of a Department of
the Environment, the employees of which belong to the PSAC's Environment Component. This article, the first in a projected series, à a scientific presentation in layman's language dealing with one aspect of pollution. Il has been prepared by T. D. Brown, Research Scientist in the Canadian
Combustion Research Lab4warory, Fuels Research Centre, Mines Branch, Department of Energy . Mines and Resources, Ottawa.
La tourbe de mousse au Canada
Authors: Swinnerton A A
Published: July 2017

Le présent rapport décrit la formation, les propriétés et les usages de la mousse de tourbière, les méthodes de préparation du produit dans l'industrie de la mousse de tourbière, et comprend également un
résumé statistique de la production et du commerce de la tourbe de mousse. Ce travail vise à fournir des renseignements d'ordre général à ceux qui s'intéressent à la mise en valeur et à l'utilisation de cette ressource naturelle.
The corrosion resistance of wrought iron and open-hearth steel a literature survey
Authors: Tingley I I , Rogers R R
Published: July 2017

A survey of the available literature on the corrosion resistance of wrought iron and open-hearth, steel has revealed that these materials have essentially similar corrosion behaviour in most common media. The opinions, of several eminent corrosion scientists,
which are included, support this conclusion. References to the published data are given.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research in Canada, April-June, 1962
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals during the period April, May and June, 1962.
Bibliography of high temperature condensed states research published in Canada October - December 1964
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from October to December,1964, inclusive
The notch toughness of ultra-high-strength steels in relation to design considerations
Authors: Thurston R C A
Published: July 2017

Data for the notch toughness of ultra-high strength steels, as found in the literature, are presented and reviewed in terms of the type of steel, the strength level, and the appropriate test parameter. Some attention is given to the effects of the more important
factors involved in the processing of the steel. Design requirements are analyzed with reference to the demands of the particular application (e. g. pressure vessel, rocket motor case, hydrofoil), the fabrication procedures involved, the environment, and the applicability of non-destructive and
proof testing. A number of possible design parameters or criteria, related to the more significant laboratory toughness tests, are examined with respect to their suitability and applicability in the light of present knowledge regarding ultra-high-strength steels. Where possible, the examination is
complemented by a comparison with the results of service performance and/or medium or full-scale laboratory tests under simulated service conditions.
Traitements métallographiques de métaux non ferreux à l'état poli
Authors: Hamilton R I , Connors E F
Published: July 2017

Various methods that have been shown to give consistently good results in the preparation of metallographic samples are described. The selection and application of these techniques to the various alloys is discussed relative to the class of examination required.
The avoidance of certain pitfalls is discussed and information is given on a number of minor points that collectively can lead to a considerable improvement in technique.
A brief history of welding technology
Authors: Winterton K
Published: July 2017

The history of welding, including the auxiliary methods of soldering and brazing, has been traced from its beginning in the Bronze and Iron Ages to modern times. A simple, chronological treatment has been used: Joining, methods in early cultures (Period 5000
B.C.-1200 A.D.). The dawn of science and technology (Period 1700 A.D..-1875 A.D.). The appearance of the major welding processes (Period .1877-1903). Welding primarily as a repair method (Period 1903-191a. Welding for construction and fabrication (Period 1919-1951). Welding as a scientific
technology, (Today).In the first section of the report, dealing with early history, other joining methods such as rivetting are briefly discussed for comparison with welding. In later sections, these other methods are omitted. The last four periods permit a more uniform treatment of the subject
matter under the sub-titles (a) resistance welding, (b) arc welding and cutting, (c) gas welding and cutting, and (d) other methods. In the early part of the twentieth century, welding became known as a useful repair method, and the subsequent history involves an account of a gradual release from
this hampering designation. An attempt is made in the last section to show how welding has become a fully-fledged technology, but the review .of present-day welding that this entails has been made indicative rather than complete, because adequate accounts are available
elsewhere.
A review of the properties of zinc sulphide
Authors: Nickel E H
Published: July 2017

The physical and chemical properties of zinc sulphide, as reported in the literature, are reviewed and summarized. The topics covered include crystallography, structure, composition, stability relations, physical properties, optical properties, electronic and
magnetic properties, thermodynamic properties, lattice dynamics, and methods of synthesis.
Current applications of spectroscopic analysis (emission, x-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption) in industry and research in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mason G L
Published: July 2017

This communication reports on a series of visits made to various industrial plants and research organisations in the United Kingdom during July and early August, 1967. The basic object of these visits was to obtain up-to-date information of current analytical
applications of emission spectroscopy, covering as wide a field as possible, from minerals to metals. Further, since the allied techniques of X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption could be covered just as easily at the same time, these were included in the survey. Also included in the itinerary,
and reported herein, was an attendance at the Summer Conference of the Spectroscopy Group, held at Birmingham University on the 6th and 7th July. The theme of the Conference was "Accuracy of Spectroscopic Methods".
Bibliography of high-temperature 'condensed states research published in Canada, April-June, 1968
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from April 1 to June 30, 1968.
Application of solvent extraction to common base metals (a review)
Authors: Ritcey G M
Published: July 2017

This review describes some of the more pertinent solvent extraction systems, as found in the literature, for the extraction and separation of the common base metals from various aqueous media. The advantages and disadvantages of certain organic reagents are
indicated. The economics of solvent extraction processing are discussed briefly.
A literature survey of methods for treating nickel and copper ores and concentrates and of methods for recovering copper from solutions
Authors: Vezina J A
Published: July 2017

This literature survey describes briefly with due acknowledgements, the processes used for extracting nickel and copper from their ores, and the methods used for recovering copper from extraction solutions. The survey is reported in four parts: processes for
extracting nickel from nickel-copper sulphide and nickel oxide ores; processes for extracting copper from sulphide and oxide ores; methods for recovering copper from solutions; and a bibliography. Where available, published production and process cost figures are reproduced.
Thesaurus of mining terms
Authors: Romaniuk A S
Published: July 2017

This thesaurus provides the language control for the technical information service being developed in the Mines Branch for mining technology, and is presented for the use of others who may be striving to systematically accumulate and rapidly retrieve mining
information. It contains about 850 terms, also called keywords or descriptors, related mostly to those mining activities which occur after a mineral deposit has been located, but before metallurgical processing or marketing begins. Accordingly, the majority of terms relate to drilling, blasting,
loading, hauling, crushing, rock mechanics and mining environment. Terms were compiled according to the rules and conventions recommended by the Engineers Joint Council from the expressions used in several hundred mining reports by Canadian authors in industry, universities and government, as well
as from actual requests for technical information received by the Mines Branch. Relationships between terms are shown by the following five types of cross references: USE, USED FOR, BROADER TERM, NARROWER TERM, RELATED TERM.
Neutralization and aeration of acid mine waters (a literature survey)
Authors: Harrison V H
Published: July 2017

Research and development work performed in the United States during the past twenty years or more on the neutralization of waste solutions containing sulphuric acid and dissolved iron is reviewed. The chemistry of mine water is explained, and the chemical
properties of various types of limestone and lime are discussed. Also, methods of applying these reagents to coal mine drainage and industrial effluents to obtain clean water, and of disposing of the precipitated sludge, are outlined. It is suggested that mine water from some Canadian mines might be
amenable to a limestone treatment process.
Ion- exchange recovery of copper, zinc and nickel from acid-sulphate and alkaline-cyanide waste water
Authors: Gilmore A J
Published: July 2017

The literature of the past twenty years describing the use of ion-exchange methods for the treatment of copper-, zinc and nickel-bearing acid-sulphate or alkaline-cyanide wastes is reviewed. Applications of sulphonic, carboxylic, and weak-base ion-exchange resins
to the treatment of a variety of base-metal-bearing waste solutions from industrial plants and mines are described. One investigation of the treatment of alkaline cyanide solution containing base-metal-cyanide complexes with a strong-base ion-exchange resin is reviewed. The literature suggests that
an ion-exchange process based on a sulphonic-type resin could be useful for the treatment of acid-sulphate mine or metallurgical waste, but further work to develop design criteria is necessary. Further work of a more preliminary nature is needed to determine whether present ion-exchange media have a
potential application to the treatment of alkaline-cyanide waste solutions.
An indexed list of references on continuous casting
Authors: Thomson R
Published: July 2017

A list of references to the technical literature on continuous casting, covering the period --, 1940 to 1969, is presented and indexed with respect to subject matter and author.
A guide for evaluating coal properties which affect combustion
Authors: Mitchell E R , Friedrich F D , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

This Guide explains the effects which coal properties have on combustion systems, beginning with mechanical stokers. A critical evaluation of the sensitivity of stokers to most coal properties makes them unacceptable for the majority of future coal-burning
applications and they are, therefore, considered to be obsolescent. More emphasis is placed on pulverized-coal firing in both dry-bottom and slag-tap furnaces and on cyclone firing in large steam generators because these systems will continue to be used universally for many decades. Coal-in-oil fuel
is described as a useful strategy in simplifying the transition from oil and natural gas to coal use in many existing boilers and heat processes. Ultimately, it is anticipated that the bulk of coal will be burned in fluidized-beds for most applications whether large or small. The insensitivity of
this new combustion technology to Acoalropertie-à1 is described.
Catalysts for hydrocracking and refining heavy oils and tars part 2: the effects of molybdenum concentration and of zinc to molybdenum ratio on desulphurization and denitrogenation
Authors: Williams R J , Ternan M , Parsons B I
Published: July 2017

This report is the second in a series dealing with transition metalmolybdenum catalysts supported on alumina. Experimental catalysts of various zinc to molybdenum atomic ratios as well as several pure molybdenum-alumina catalysts were prepared by a surface
layering technique. Impregnation was achieved through addition of the salts of the active ingredients in a mixmuller. The activity of the molybdenum-alumina catalysts increased with the percentage Mo. Sharp increases with concentration occurred for desulphurization up to 9.0 wt %. At higher
concentrations the changes were much less pronounced. Similar results were observed for denitrogenation but the increase in activity was less rapid. No optimum ratio for desulphurization or denitrogenation was observed for the zinc-molybdenum series (as had previously been reported in the
literature). In fact, the addition of zinc resulted in activities virtually the same as that achieved by molybdenum-alumina alone and very much less than cobalt-molybdate supported on alumina. Catalyst life studies were undertaken on the 9.0 wt % Mo-Al 2 0 3 and a cobalt-molybdate catalyst of
Co/Mo = 0.48:. No measurable deactivation was detected. All of the catalysts were evaluated using a 650 - 975° F (345-525 °C) gas-oil made by thermally hydrocracking Athabasca bitumen. The experiments were carried out at 2000 psi (13.9 MPa) pressure and at a liquid-space-velocity of 2.0 hr
- (0.56 Ks -1 ). Results are discussed relative to a commercially prepared cobalt-molybdate catalyst of Co/Mo = 0.48.
Preliminary runs with cold lake heavy oil: report on pilot plant operational problems
Authors: McNabb C W , Fleet M , Pruden B B
Published: July 2017

An experimental run (85-1-1) at 3500 psi is compared with all previous runs with Cold Lake heavy oil (in-situ bitumen). Recommendations are that no new runs on Cold Lake heavy oil be attempted unless the feed is substantially modified by physical or chemical
treatment, since all runs to date, with virgin material or dewatered material, have been shut down in less than 12 hours due to coke formation. It is also recommended that a program be initiated to investigate the differences between Cold Lake heavy oil and Athabasca
bitumen.
Beneficiation of a high-sulphur thermal coal from the Minto area, New Brunswick
Authors: Mikhail M W , Humeniuk O E
Published: July 2017

A 3-ton sample of coal from Minto, N.B. containing 6.7Z sulphur and 19% ash was washed in the CANMET Process pilot plant at the Western Research Laboratory in Edmonton. Objective of the test was to ascertain the degree of sulphur reduction possible at a yield
of approx 75%. A cutpoint in the range 1.6-1.8 sp gr gave a clean coal having a sulphur content of 4.8% and an ash content of 10.37 at a yield of 74.6%. This result was in close agreement with values predicted from performance evaluation calculations based on the washability
data.
High volume flaring of sour gas under limited mixing conditions
Authors: Whaley H , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

In April 1972, an extensive series of Sulphur Incinerator Stack Plume surveys were conductel by Canadian Combustion Research Laboratories using helicopter transported rapid response instruments for Gulf Oil Canada at each of their four major gas plants. The
primary objective of the project was to investigate the influence of regional topography on plume rise and dispersion at each site under the prevailing meteorological conditions for morning, mid.- day and afternoon periods. In all but one case, the aerial probes were conducted under opimum plant
throughput volumes to evaluate the respective plants' waste management programs. The exception occurred in the late morning of the first of a tWo day study at the Strachan plant, where some six hours of emergency flaring provided a unique opportunity to measure the combined incinerator and flare
stack plumes, in the midday and afternoon traverses under limited mixing conditions. Extended surveys were conducted at the Gulf Pincher Creek plant over a two week period in the spring of 1974, but throughout these studies, no emergencies arose to prompt excess flaring and the Strachan aerial probe
remains unique in the wide experience of the CCRL staff. This experience includes major thermal power generating stations, Tar Sands plants and smelter operations. This paper _presents a review of the abnormal plant flaring conditions, and the results of dispersion studies conducted under these
unique plant emission rates.
The effect of partial agglomeration of coke-oven charges upon coke quality
Authors: Leeder W R , Price J T
Published: July 2017

Previous investigations at CANNET into the partial agglomeration of coke-oven charges have recently been renewed at ERL. Evidence from these and other investigations indicates that this approach can improve coke quality and can extend the coking coal range . to
include less expensive coals. This report surveys such investigations and discusses the effects of such influences as briquet preparation and oven bulk density upon coke quality.
Oil ash deposits and low temperature corrosion in a cleaver brooks boiler
Authors: Cyr T J R , Brown T D
Published: July 2017

As part of the continuing energy conservation research program the Canadian Combustion Research Laboratory has undertaken a short analytical investigation of the effects produced by the use of fuel-oil additives. The problem was raised as a consequence of
discussions with B.P. Canada who reported excessive quantities of deposits in Cleaver Brooks four pass boilers burning an additive treated residual fuel oil.
Utilization of methanol in stationary source combustion
Authors: Hayden A C S
Published: July 2017

The paper is concerned with the potential use of methanol as a fuel substitute in stationary source combustion. Methanol should only be considered for replacing premium fuels, defined as No. 2 or ligher oil or natural gas. Fuel properties of methanol are
presented in the form of combustion charts, illustrating the high heat loss potential with methanol because of hydrogen in the fuel. In domestic heating, methanol could be substituted for No. 2 oil in existing equipment, with minor modifications, resulting in improved fuel efficiency because of
reduced effective firing rate. Problems exist in terms of low flash point and toxicity. In commercial and industrial applications, little or even negative end use efficiency gain could result from methanol substitution. Methanol does offer promise as a potential fuel for the gas turbines on the
Trans Canada natural gas pipeline
Pilot-scale combustion evaluation of manalta briquettes
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

The combustion performance of Manalta briquettes, produced by fluid-bed drying and subsequent briquetting of a run-of-mine Onakawana lignite, was evaluated in a pilot-scale pulverized-fired research bolier. The briquettes, which contained 10% total moisture,
handled and pulverized easily, ignited readily and produced a stable flame. The ash showed evidence of slaggimg on high temperature boiler surfaces, although both high and low temperature corrosion were minimal. The flames were not intense and nitric oxide generation was therefore low. Sulphur oxide
emissions were close to 100% of their theoretical value. The fly ash contained below 2% carbon, which constituted a thermal penalty of less than 1%; this carbon content did not affect the fly ash resistivity which was measured in situ to be 7.5 x 10 9 at 150 °C. It is anticipated
that this fuel would not create any precipitation problems in cold precipitators.
Efficiency of wood-fired appliances
Authors: Hayden A C S
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the four techniques used to measure the efficiency of wood-fired appliances. The most accurate, reproducible method is the Instantaneous Heat Loss Method. Comparison with known systems in-situ gives a useful measure of the real efficiency of
wood stoves in heating homes. To properly complement existing heating systems, the stove should be placed in a major living area. If this is done, efficient air-tight wood stoves can indeed be an effective energy conservation device in home heating.