bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The management of microbial keratitis within Uganda’s primary health system: a situational analysis
Authors: Arunga Simon , Kyomugasho Naome , Kwaga Teddy , Onyango John , Leck Astrid , Macleod David , Hu Victor , Burton Matthew
Published: September 2019

Background: Microbial keratitis (MK) frequently leads to sight-loss, especially when the infection is severe and/or appropriate treatment is delayed. The primary health system as an entry point plays a central role in facilitating and directing patient access to appropriate care. The purpose of this study was to describe the capacity of primary health centres in Uganda in managing MK.

Methods: We carried out a rigorous assessment of primary health centres and mid-cadre training schools in South Western Uganda. Through interviews, checklists and a picture quiz, we assessed capacity and knowledge of MK management. In addition, we interviewed the heads of all the mid-cadre training schools to determine the level of eye health training provided in their curricula.

Results: In total, 163 health facilities and 16 training schools were enrolled. Of the health facilities, only 6% had an Ophthalmic Clinical Officer. Only 12% of the health workers could make a diagnosis of MK based on the clinical signs in the picture quiz. Although 35% of the facilities had a microscope, none reported doing corneal scraping. None of the facilities had a stock of the recommended first line treatment options for MK (ciprofloxacin and natamycin eye drops). Among the training schools, 15/16 had an eye health component in the curriculum. However, the majority (56%) of tutors had no formal expertise in eye health. In 14/16 schools, students spent an average of two weeks in an eye unit.

Conclusions: Knowledge among health workers and capacity of health facilities in diagnosis and management of MK was low. Training for eye health within mid-cadre training schools was inadequate. More is needed to close these gaps in training and capacity.
Chagasen gaixotasuna Europan, endemikoa ez izan arren kontuan hartzekoa
Authors: Gomez Gorka , Olasagasti Felix
Published: September 2019

Chagasen gaixotasuna, tripanosomiasi amerikarra izenez ere ezagutzen dena, Carlos Chagas mediku brasildarrak 1909. urtean aurkitu zuen eritasun tropikala da. Intsektu bidez transmititzen da eta morbimortalitate-tasa altua du. Infekzioa endemikoa da Latinoamerikan, batez ere landa-ingurunean. Azken 40 urteetan, mundu-mailako osasun-arazo bilakatu da Latinoamerikatik Europa, Estatu Batuak, Kanada eta Japoniara izan diren migrazio-fluxuen ondorioz. Lan honetan, hain zuzen ere, gaixotasun honek Europan dituen ezaugarriak eta haren prebentziorako eta kontrolerako dauden neurrien berrikuspena aurkezten dugu. Europa bezalako eremu ez-endemikoetan parasitoa transmititzeko moduak sortzetiko transmisioa (amak umekiari), organoen transplantea eta odol-transfusioa izan daitezke. Europan, eskualde endemikoetako etorkin gehienak Espainiako Erresuma, Italia, Frantziako Errepublika, Erresuma Batua eta Suitzan biltzen dira. Europan egin diren seroprebalentziaren ikerketa konbinatuek % 4,2 inguruko prebalentzia orokortua adierazten dute, eta prebalentzia altuena (% 18,1) jaioterria Bolivian duten banakoei dagokie. Hala eta guztiz ere, Europako herrialde gehienetan gaixotasuna ez da kontuan hartzen eta honen adierazgarri dira detekzio-programen gabezia eta diagnosia eta tratamendua izateko aukera eskasia. Etorkin latinoamerikar gehien dituzten Europako herrialdeek beren legedia aldatu eta jokaera-protokolo desberdinak garatu dituzte; baina, hala ere, neurri hauek ez dira nahikoak, ez baitute bermatzen etorkizunean transmisio kasurik ez izatea. Azkenik, ezaugarri epidemiologikoei dagokienez, gaixo gehienak adin ertaineko emakumeak direla ikusi da. Beraz, populazioa gaztea izateak arazo larriak ekar ditzake osasun-sistemarentzat, hainbat ikerketatan paziente asintomatikoen ehuneko oso altua behatu delako. Gaixo horietako batzuk kalte organikoa dagoen fasera igaroko dira eta aldi horretan tratamendua ez da batere eraginkorra. Hori dela eta, kasuen detekzio goiztiarra ezinbestekoa da osasun-sistemaren etorkizuneko arazoak saihesteko.
Detection of Leptospira spp. using polymerase chain reaction technique from kidney of Rattus norvegicus from Grenada, West Indies
Authors: Sharma Bhumika , Thille Katelyn , Rametta Nia , Sharma Ravindra
Published: September 2019

Aim: This study aimed to find out the prevalence of active infection of Leptospira spp. in Rattus norvegicus from Grenada, West Indies, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-nine rats were trapped, anesthetized and their kidneys collected aseptically. DNA was extracted from the kidney tissue of each rat. PCR was performed targeting LipL32 gene. Eighteen PCR-positive amplicons for LipL32 gene segment were purified and sent for direct sequencing to the sequencing facility of MCLAB (South San Francisco, USA). Results of sequencing were read and interpreted. The prevalence of Leptospira spp. in relation to sex and age was also recorded. Results: All amplified sequences were compared to the sequences present in GenBank using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) from the online website National Center for Biotechnology Information, the results revealed that six samples had similarity to Leptospira interrogans strain 1399/2016 and eight samples had similarity with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis strain L49. Of 149 kidney samples, only 14 were positive for Leptospira spp. by PCR giving an incidence of 9.3%. There was no significant difference found in relation to sex and age. Conclusion: This is the first report confirming active infection of Leptospira spp. in Rattus norvegicus in Grenada using PCR. The presence of active infection in rats can be considered as high risk for humans. Further research to understand the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Grenada is suggested.
One-Hour Esophageal String Test: A Nonendoscopic Minimally Invasive Test That Accurately Detects Disease Activity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Ackerman Steven J. , Kagalwalla Amir F. , Hirano Ikuo , Gonsalves Nirmala , Katcher Paul Menard , Gupta Sandeep , Wechsler Joshua B. , Grozdanovic Milica , Pan Zhaoxing , Masterson Joanne C. , Du Jian , Fantus Robert J. , Alumkal Preeth , Lee James J. , Ochkur Sergei , Ahmed Faria , Capocelli Kelley , Melin-Aldana Hector , Biette Kathryn , Dubner Allison , Amsden Katie , Keeley Kaitlin , Sulkowski Maureen , Zalewski Angelika , Atkins Dan , Furuta Glenn T.
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic food allergic disease, lacks sensitive and specific peripheral biomarkers. We hypothesized that levels of EoE-related biomarkers captured using a 1-hour minimally invasive Esophageal String Test (EST) would correlate with mucosal eosinophil counts and tissue concentrations of these same biomarkers. We aimed to determine whether a 1-hour EST accurately distinguishes active from inactive EoE or a normal esophagus.

METHODS:

In a prospective, multisite study, children and adults (ages 7–55 years) undergoing a clinically indicated esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed an EST with an esophageal dwell time of 1 hour. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: active EoE, inactive EoE, and normal esophageal mucosa. Eosinophil-associated protein levels were compared between EST effluents and esophageal biopsy extracts. Statistical modeling was performed to select biomarkers that best correlated with and predicted eosinophilic inflammation.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirty-four subjects (74 children, 60 adults) with active EoE (n = 62), inactive EoE (n = 37), and patient controls with a normal esophagus (n = 35) completed the study. EST-captured eosinophil-associated biomarkers correlated significantly with peak eosinophils/high-power field, endoscopic visual scoring, and the same proteins extracted from mucosal biopsies. Statistical modeling, using combined eotaxin-3 and major basic protein-1 concentrations, led to the development of EoE scores that distinguished subjects with active EoE from inactive EoE or normal esophagi. Eighty-seven percent of children, 95% of parents, and 92% of adults preferred the EST over endoscopy if it provided similar information.

DISCUSSION:

The 1-hour EST accurately distinguishes active from inactive EoE in children and adults and may facilitate monitoring of disease activity in a safe and minimally invasive fashion.
Adipokine-cytokine profile of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue in ischemic heart disease complicated by visceral obesity
Authors: Gruzdeva Olga V. , Borodkina Daria A. , Akbasheva Olga E. , Dileva Julia A. , Antonova Larisa V. , Matveeva Vera G. , Ivanov Sergei V. , Uchasova Evgenia G. , Belik Ekaterina V. , Fanaskova Elena V. , Karetnikova Victoria N. , Kokov Aleksandr N. , Barbarash Olga L.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. To date, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the main cause of disability and mortality in population. The majority of ectopic fat deposits demonstrated a reliable association with cardiometabolic risks and clinical manifestations of most CVD. The elucidation of the metabolic features of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue localized in the immediate vicinity of the lesion in ischemic heart disease (IHD) can have both theoretical and practical significance for pathophysiology and cardiology.
Aim. To study the adipokine-cytokine profile of epicardial adipocytes (EA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), blood serum in relation to the area of visceral adipose tissue (AVAT), biochemical and rhelinic characteristics of IHD patients.
Methods. 84 patients (70 men and 14 women) with IHD were examined. In the presence of visceral obesity (VO), patients were divided into two groups. In patients with VO, adipocyte EA and SCAT were sampled, followed by cultivation and evaluation of adipokine and proinflammatory activity. The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipokine and proinflammatory status in blood serum were determined.
Results. It has been established that the adipokine-cytokine profile of the adipocytes EA and SCAT differ. Adipocytes of EA in IHD on the background of VO are characterized by an increase in IL-1, TNF-, leptin-adiponectin ratio and a decrease in the protective factors: adiponectin and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. While adipocytes of SCAT were characterized by a decrease in the concentration of the soluble receptor to leptin and a more pronounced leptin resistance, and the increase in inflammatory cytokines was compensated by an increase in the concentration of IL-10, the presence of VO was associated with multivessel coronary disease, multifocal atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, adipokine imbalance, and markers of inflammation. Thus, the value of the area of VO determined higher values of leptin concentration, TNF- in adipocytes and serum, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and a lower soluble receptor for leptin content.
The conclusion. Thus, in IHD with VO the state of adipocytes, EA is characterized as "metabolic inflammation" and may indicate the direct involvement of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of IHD due to the formation of adipokine imbalance and the activation of proinflammatory reactions.
Features of the eye pathology in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Mokrysheva Natalya G. , Lipatov Dmitry V. , Dobreva Ekaterina A. , Bibik Ekaterina E.
Published: September 2019

The pathology of vision occurs in various endocrine diseases, but information about the state of the eyes in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been limited yet. Large systematic studies on this problem are absent, mainly the data of foreign literature are based on descriptions of several clinical cases that report about non-specific changes of eyes in people with significant hypercalcemia. The most common manifestations of hyperparathyroid ophthalmopathy are the cornea and conjunctiva calcification, disfunction of the eye muscles. Taking into account the prevalence of mild PHPT caused by early diagnosis and timely pathogenetic treatment of the disease, nowadays these ophthalmic disorders are rare. However, specific eye pathology in this category of patients requires detailed study and further research.
Ações de inclusão social para pessoas diagnosticadas com hanseníase
Authors: Leal Ana Priska Bezerra , Correia Victorugo Guedes Alencar , Dantas Eduardo de Oliveira Martins , Macêdo Suyanne Freire de
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste texto é relatar as experiências de extensionistas com a criação de uma rede social de apoio constituída por indivíduos que contribuíram para a reabilitação física e social de pacientes com hanseníase, participantes de um grupo de apoio inclusivo no município de Picos, Piauí. Trata-se de um relato de experiência do projeto de extensão “Controle de Comunicantes de Hanseníase de Picos”, realizado no período de março a dezembro de 2015. As redes sociais foram formadas com a ajuda da comunidade do bairro em busca de espaços de inclusão, para promover uma interação entre a comunidade e os constituintes do grupo. Durante o Diagnóstico Social, foi possível identificar que o bairro escolhido sofria com problemas sociais como a falta de mobilidade urbana e saneamento básico, presença de terrenos baldios, utilizados como depósito de lixo e coleta de lixo inadequada. Buscou-se também utilizar unidades de saúde, igrejas e pontos comerciais como locais estratégicos para dar suporte à rede social. Elaborou-se um mapa, no qual foram identificados todos os pontos. Conclui-se que a hanseníase em Picos é endêmica e está relacionada com fatores políticos, econômicos, sociais, educacionais, culturais e demográficos, além do grau de organização e qualidade dos serviços de saúde.
Lawngtlang Zophei Swadesh list
Authors: Lotven Samson Alexander , Sung Zai , Wamsley James Christian , Berkson Kelly Harper
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a preliminary 100-item Swadesh word list for Lawngtlang Zophei. Zophei or Zyphe (ISO 639-3 ZYP) belongs to the Maraic branch of Kuki-Chin within the Tibeto-Burman language family (Eberhard et. al, 2019). Lawngtlang is a Zophei village in the Southeastern corner of the Zophei-speaking area in Thantlang Township, Chin State, Myanmar. Lawngtlang Zophei is considered to be part of the Lower (western) dialects of Zophei. The word list comes from the intuitions of our co-author Zai Sung, a 22-year-old native speaker born in Lawngtlang and currently living in Indianapolis, Indiana.
A vowel space comparison of Tlawngrang Zophei and Lawngtlang Zophei
Authors: Lotven Samson Alexander , Berkson Kelly Harper
Published: September 2019

Zophei is an undescribed Tibeto-Burman language within the Kuki-Chin family. Originally spoken in the Chin Hills of Western Myanmar, approximately 4,000 Zophei-speaking refugees now live in Central Indiana. No previous research on Zophei exists. The speakers located in Indiana who identify as ethnically Zophei hail from 14 distinct villages, and it is not yet known how many dialects or languages are represented. As part of a larger effort to kick-start a research program on Zophei, the current study presents vowel spaces for two speakers, one from Tlawngrang and one from Lawngtlang. Differences with regard to the number and distribution of high vowels and diphthongs indicate that these two areas speak different varieties with markedly different phonologies. For example, where one speaker has an /ui/ diphthong the other speaker consistently has the front rounded monophthong /y/. This research contributes to our ultimate goal, which is to determine the dialectal make-up of Zophei and to develop a description of the language or languages spoken by the ethnic Zophei population in Indiana.
Total Sugar in Free Breakfasts Served in Virginia Elementary Schools
Authors: Goel Neha J. , Caccavale Laura J. , Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Raynor Hollie A. , Bean Melanie K.
Published: September 2019

Objective: School meals comprise a significant amount of children's overall dietary intake. The Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act made substantial improvements to the nutritional quality of meals served within the School Breakfast Program (SBP); yet, there are limited guidelines regarding
sugar. In this study, we carried out a systematic evaluation of the sugar content of breakfast items offered within the SBP in Virginia elementary schools with free meals. Methods: We obtained menus and nutritional information from 32 districts, and examined one week of breakfasts.
We categorized entrées based on standard deviations (SD) from the grand mean total sugar available: higher-sugar (>+1 SD), average-sugar (within 1SD), or lower-sugar (>-1 SD). Total sugar (g), energy (kcal), and % energy from sugar were examined for entrées and milk. Results:
Across districts, entrées varied in total sugar (0-39g; mean+SD = 10.4±4.5g) and energy (60-530kcal; mean+SD = 205±47.8kcal). Most (96.9%) offered 100% fruit juice; of those that specified, 50.0% offered sugar-sweetened milk. Highly processed foods were prevalent. Conclusion:
Findings suggest that meals offered might contribute to excessive overall sugar availability for children. Continued enhancements to the SBP are needed to optimize the nutritional content of meals served to low-income children.
Resilience among secondary school students in South-Western Nigeria; association with abuse and neglect
Authors: Adeyera Oluwapelumi , Uchendu Obioma , Owoaje Eme
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Resilience, which aids coping and adjustment, prevents the development of mental health issues for individuals exposed to adversities. Abuse and neglect are some of the adversities that affect the health of adolescents. This study examined the relationship between abuse, neglect and resilience of adolescents.

Methods

The study adopted a cross-sectional design among 522 secondary school adolescents using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Information on socio-demographics, abuse, neglect and resilience were elicited. Associations were tested with significance set at 5%.

Results

The mean age of respondents was 15.9 ± 1.5, 301 (57.7%) were females and 144 (27.6%) were from polygamous homes. Two hundred and forty-three (46.4%) had high resilience, 141 (27.0%) moderate resilience and 138 (26.6%) had low resilience. Psychological, physical and sexual abuse were reported among 238 (45.7%), 168 (32.1%) and 45 (8.6%) adolescents, respectively, while 71 (13.6%) and 134 (25.8%) experienced psychological and physical neglect, respectively. Adolescents who experienced physical abuse and sexual abuse were about 2 and 2.5 times less likely, respectively, to have high resilience than those who did not experience physical and sexual abuse.

Conclusion

Abuse and neglect negatively influence resilience of adolescents. Interventions targeted at reducing abuse and neglect should be incorporated in adolescent health protocols to increase their resilience.
How Accurately Do Structural Asymmetric First-Price Auction Estimates Represent True Valuations?
Authors: Chernomaz Kirill , Yoshimoto Hisayuki
Published: September 2019

Structural asymmetric first-price auction estimation methods have provided numerous empirical studies. However, due to the latent nature of underlying valuations, the accuracy of estimates is not feasibly testable with field data, a fact that could inhibit empirical auction market designs and applications based on structural estimates. To assess their accuracy, we provide an analysis of estimates derived from experimental asymmetric auction data, in which researchers observe valuations. We test the null of statistical equivalence between the estimated and true value distributions against the alternative of non-equivalence. When advanced models are used, the Modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov test fails to reject the distributional equivalence, supporting structural asymmetric auction estimations for auction market studies. In addition, recovered efficiencies have plus-minus 2.5 percent precision, compared to the true efficiencies.
Zur Theorie der Ultraschallabsorption in Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Gierer A. , Wirtz K.
Published: September 2019

Die Ultraschallabsorption quasikristalliner Flüssigkeiten beruht z. Tl. auf einem Relaxationseffekt der Struktur. Dieselben Störungen des quasikristallinen Gitters, auf denen die Fluidität beruht, sind auch für diese Relaxationsabsorptioi) verantwortlich. Die Lebensdauer einer Störung, und damit ihre Relaxationszeit, ist nach der Platzwechseltheorie durch die Platzwechselhäufigkeit eines Teilchens gegeben und läßt sich daher durch die Zähigkeit ausdrücken. Die Energie einer Störung läßt sich nicht unmittelbar angeben, soll jedoch ein wesentlicher Anteil der Platzwechselaktivierung sein, was durch die Experimente bestätigt wird. Sie verhält sich zur Verdampfungswärme eines Moleküls etwa wie das Volumen der Störung zum Molekülvolumen. In manchen Fällen treten starke Absorptionen mit größeren Relaxationszeiten auf. Sie lassen sich als zusätzliche Anregung innerer Freiheitsgrade oder als Dissoziationsprozeß fester gebundener molekularer Assoziate deuten. Im allgemeinen ist die Relaxationszeit um so größer, je höher die Ordnung des betreffenden Reaktionsvorgangs ist.
Über das Leuchten des Formaldehyds in der Glimmentladung
Authors: Schüler H. , Beinebeck L.
Published: September 2019

In der positiven Säule einer Glimmentladungsröhre wird ein Formaldehyd-Spektrum beobachtet, das außer den in der Fluoreszenz erhaltenen Banden zwei weitere Banden im Violett erkennen läßt, die nicht mit den Absorptionsbanden in diesem Gebiet übereinstimmen. Es werden die Schwierigkeiten diskutiert, die sich durch diesen Befund ergeben, wenn man das bisher benutzte Termschema anwendet.

Weiter wird darauf hingewiesen, daß man zu einer befriedigenden Deutung der Beobachtungen am H2CO gelangt, wenn man mit zwei verschiedenen angeregten Elektronenzuständen rechnet. Legt man die von Lewis und Kasha entwickelten Vorstellungen zugrunde, so könnte man den in der Absorption beobachteten Anregungszustand als angeregten Singulett-zustand und den durch die Emission nachgewiesenen Zustand als Triplettzustand deuten. Dieser Triplettzustand wäre in der Absorption zunächst nur durch eine Bande (α) nachweisbar.

Neben dem H2CO-Spektrum wird in der gleichen Entladung ein Spektrum beobachtet, das früher im Flammenspektrum gefunden und dem CHO-Radikal zugeschrieben wurde. Für das Studium vieratomiger organischer
Ansatz zu einer divergenzfreien Quantenelektrodynamik
Authors: Ludwig Günther
Published: September 2019

Im ersten Teile wird gezeigt, daß die Divergenzen der bisherigen Theorien nicht auf der Störungstheorie, sondern schon auf dem Wechselwirkungsansatz beruhen. Der zweite Teil zeigt die Möglichkeit einer Quantenelektrodynamik ohne Selbstenergie des Elektrons, für die allerdings ein einziges Elektron in der Welt keine Strahlung emittieren würde. Die Strahlung kommt erst durch die Wechselwirkung mit vielen anderen Elektronen zustande (Absorbertheorie).
Relationship Between the Zero Point Energy of a Polyatomic Molecule and its Molecular Structure
Authors: Bigeleisen Jacob , Lee M. W.
Published: September 2019

Criteria are established for the definition of the mean characteristic eigenvalue, λ0, of a system of coupled harmonic oscillators. The first criterion is that λ0 lead to a convergent series for the zero point energy of the systems; the second criterion is that λ0 be obtained directly from the matrix elements of the equations of motion, without solution for the individual eigenvalues. Two general types of λ0's are found and their properties are discussed. Detailed application is made to the zero point energy differences of the isotopic methanes, ethylenes and benzenes.
The C—CI Bonds in α -2,4,6-tris(trichIoromethyl)-1,3,5-trioxane, α -Parachloral, (Cl3CCHO)3. A 35Cl-NQR Single Crystal Study
Authors: Hashimoto Masao , Weiden Norbert , Weiss Alarich
Published: September 2019

By single crystal 35C1-NQR Zeeman spectroscopy, the five independent 35Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors in a-parachloral, (Cl3CCHO)3, have been studied at 24 ± 2 °C. The directions of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor components have been determined. The principal axes Φ are within ± 0.8° parallel to the C-Cl bond directions found by X-ray diffraction. Very small asymmetry parameters in the range 0.002 ≦ η ≦ 0.046 are characteristic for the EFG tensors of chlorine atoms bound to carbon atoms in aliphatic systems. The five nuclear quadrupole coupling constants are in the range 76.752 ≦ e2qQh-1/MRz ≦ 78.155. The orientation of the principal axes Φxx and Φyy can be correlated to the molecular structure.
Extended-Hückel Energy Band Structures of Organometallic Compounds with One-Dimensional Crystal Geometries
Authors: Koch Wolfhard
Published: September 2019

In order to rationalize the high electrical conductivity of 2,5-dimethyl-N,N'-dicyanoquinonediimine radical anion salts (2,5-DM-DCNQI) of copper, silver, and lithium, we performed onedimensional energy band structure calculations of extended-Hückel type (namely Self-Consistence of Charge, SCC) for one-dimensional models of these "organic conductors". In each case, SCC yields two overlapping incompletely occupied valence bands, which give rise to some evidence for the observed high electrical conductivity, in spite of the one-electron nature of the method. Furthermore, these two frontier energy bands do not contain any metallic orbital contribution, which suggests that the electron transport takes place in the organic stack of the 2,5-DM-DCNQI ligands only.
Investigation of the optimal design of orthodontic mini-implants based on the primary stability: A finite element analysis
Authors: Sadr Haghighi Amir Hooman , Pouyafar Vahid , Navid Ali , Eskandarinezhad Mahsa , Abdollahzadeh Baghaei Tannaz
Published: September 2019

Background. The design of an orthodontic mini-implant is a significant factor in determining its primary stability and its clinical success. The aim of this study was to measure the relative effect of mini-implant design factors on primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants. Methods. Thirty-two 3-dimensional assemblies of mini-implant models with their surrounding bone were generated using finite element analysis software. The maximum displacement of each mini-implant model was measured as they were loaded with a 2-N horizontal force. Employing Taguchi’s design of experiments as a statistical method, the contribution of each design factor to primary stability was calculated. As a result of the great effect of the upper diameter and length, to better detect the impact of the remaining design factors, another set of 25 models with a fixed amount of length and diameter was generated and evaluated. Results. The diameter and length showed a great impact on the primary stability in the first set of experiments (P<0.05). According to the second set of experiments, increased taper angle in the threaded and non-threaded area decreased the primary stability. There was also an optimum amount of 2.5 mm for threaded taper length beyond which the primary stability decreased. Conclusion. It is advisable to increase the diameter and length if primary stability is at risk. In the second place, a minimum amount of taper angle, both in the threaded and non-threaded area with an approximate proportion of 20% of threaded taper length to MI length, would be desirable for MIs with a moderate size.
Influence of length, diameter and position of the implant in its fracture incidence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goiato Marcelo Coelho , Andreotti Agda Marobo , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Nobrega Adhara Smith , de Caxias Fernanda Pereira , Bannwart Lisiane Cristina
Published: September 2019

Background. Implant fractures can cause difficult problems for patients and dentists. This systematic review aimed to determine the influence of some implant parameters on the occurrence of their fracture and to determine the incidence of fractures reported in recent years. Methods. A search was conducted in Pubmed database, from which 12 studies published in the last 12 years were selected. Results. This review reported a 2% incidence of implant fracture. Most implants had been in function between 3 and 4 years until fracture. The studies did not provide necessary information to establish a relationship between the different parameters of implants and the incidence of fractures. Conclusion. Thus, the indication of type, diameter and length of an implant and the bone quality in the region receiving it should be studied and accurately examined for each individual case in order to avoid future failures.
Validating gingival surface temperature as an alternative tool in the diagnosis of periodontal disease activity: An observational clinical trial
Authors: Gunupati Sumanth , Sappiti Hasya , Nagarakanti Sreenivas , Reddy BV Ramesh , Chava Vijay Kumar
Published: September 2019

Background. Elevated temperature has been recognized as an inflammatory sign. It is the only indication that can be both objectively and quantitatively evaluated and is considered as a potential indicator of periodontal disease. Assessing gingival surface temperature (GST) could be a diagnostic parameter to determine periodontal health. This pilot clinical study aimed to validate gingival surface temperature (GST) as a clinical diagnostic tool to measure periodontal disease activity by correlating with the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). Methods. A cross-sectional mono-center pilot study was conducted with a convenient sample of 50 participants with a mean age of 34.14±13.7 years. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD) clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. GST was recorded with a single lead of the bedside patient monitor and correlated with PISA. Results. The results showed a positive correlation between PISA and GST (P=0.46). Conclusion. This study showed a rise in GST of inflamed sites, but the results did not support the hypothesis that increased GST is an indicator of periodontal disease. As this is a pilot study, further studies with more larger sample sizes need to be undertaken to confirm its use as a diagnostic tool in clinical trials.
Neural Signal to Violations of Abstract Rules Using Speech-Like Stimuli
Authors: Vidal Yamil , Brusini Perrine , Bonfieni Michela , Mehler Jacques , Bekinschtein Tristan A.
Published: September 2019

As the evidence of predictive processes playing a role in a wide variety of cognitive domains increases, the brain as a predictive machine becomes a central idea in neuroscience. In auditory processing, a considerable amount of progress has been made using variations of the Oddball design, but most of the existing work seems restricted to predictions based on physical features or conditional rules linking successive stimuli. To characterize the predictive capacity of the brain to abstract rules, we present here two experiments that use speech-like stimuli to overcome limitations and avoid common confounds. Pseudowords were presented in isolation, intermixed with infrequent deviants that contained unexpected phoneme sequences. As hypothesized, the occurrence of unexpected sequences of phonemes reliably elicited an early prediction error signal. These prediction error signals do not seemed to be modulated by attentional manipulations due to different task instructions, suggesting that the predictions are deployed even when the task at hand does not volitionally involve error detection. In contrast, the amount of syllables congruent with a standard pseudoword presented before the point of deviance exerted a strong modulation. Prediction error’s amplitude doubled when two congruent syllables were presented instead of one, despite keeping local transitional probabilities constant. This suggests that auditory predictions can be built integrating information beyond the immediate past. In sum, the results presented here further contribute to the understanding of the predictive capabilities of the human auditory system when facing complex stimuli and abstract rules.
Cuestiones técnicas (y simbólicas) de la vecindad civil a la luz de la proposición de ley presentada por las Cortes de Aragón
Authors: Ammerman Yebra Julia
Published: September 2019

Las Cortes de Aragón presentaron en septiembre de 2016 una Proposición de Ley por la que se modificaba el Código civil en relación con el estatuto personal y vecindad civil. Esencialmente pretendían variar tres aspectos del régimen de atribución y adquisición de la vecindad civil, siendo el más destacado de ellos la supresión de su adquisición automática por residencia continuada en otro territorio durante diez años. Las comparecencias de los expertos y el debate parlamentario generado con la Proposición de Ley pusieron sobre la mesa no solo aspectos de técnica legislativa, sino también cuestiones «simbólicas» de la vecindad civil.
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery for Rheumatic Valve Disease
Authors: Vo Anh Tuan , Le Khoi Minh , Nguyen Trang Thu , Vu Thien Tam , Pham Chuong Viet Tran , Ngo Huy Quoc Tuan , Le Tri Quang , Nguyen Dinh Hoang
Published: September 2019

Background: The development of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery has created the motivation for using this approach in young patients with chronic rheumatic valve disease. We report our recent experience with patients undergoing minimally mitral valve surgery in this group of patients.
Methods: Between July 2014 and June 2018, 142 patients with rheumatic mitral valve dysfunction underwent minimally invasive surgery through a right thoracotomy approach at the University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Diagnosis was confirmed with transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TTE and TEE). We analyzed the in-hospital and midterm follow-up outcomes of this group.
Results: The mean age was 42.6 ± 9.6 years. Sixty patients (42.3%) were male. Sixty-three patients were diagnosed with functional severe tricuspid regurgitation, 29 patients were identified with moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and tricuspid annulus was more than 21 mm/m²). Mitral valve repair was performed in 16 patients (11.3%), and 126 patients underwent mitral valve replacement. Mitral valve repair techniques included annuloplasty, leaflet peeling, and commissurotomy. Thirty-day mortality was 0.7%. Two patients had to be converted to conventional sternotomy, due to left atrial appendage laceration and mitral annular rupture. The overall survival rate was 98.6%. Freedom from reoperation was 97.1%.
Conclusions: In patients with rheumatic valve disease, minimally invasive mitral surgery safely and effectively can be performed with few perioperative complications and good midterm results.
A Few Remarks on the Scope of Judicial Review Performed by the Union Judge
Authors: Valančius Virgilijus
Published: September 2019

This article presents some general aspects of the scope of judicial review applied by the Court of Justice of the European Union as well as its particularities in competition (the research comprises cases concerning agreements restricting competition and the abuse of a dominant position) and civil service cases. As legal texts of the European Union do not provide the precise scope of judicial control, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union is one of the main sources giving clarifications on this issue. This article focuses accordingly on the presentation of the relevant jurisprudence, which analyzes the subject matter in general and reflects the evolution of this Court’s approach in the said competition and civil service cases.
Peculiarities of Trade Secrets Protection in Public Procurement
Authors: Birštonas Ramūnas , Šimanskis Karolis
Published: September 2019

This article deals with the legal regulation of the obligation to protect confidential information in public procurement procedures and the peculiarities of the application of trade secrets in these relations.
Óleos essenciais da Amazônia. VI
Authors: SILVA M. LEÃO DA , MAIA J. G. SOARES , MOURÃO J. CORRÊA , PEDREIRA G. , MARX M. C. , GOTTLIEB O. R. , MAGALHÃES M. TAVEIRA
Published: September 2019

Sinopse Relata-se a composição dos óleos essenciais obtidos a partir de Piper marginatum (folhas, 1,4%): p-cimeno 25,0%, menoterpenos 7,0%, sesquiterpenos 4,7%, álcoois sesquiterpênicos 33,3%, safrol 4,2%, etilpiperonilcctona 25,0%; Lippia grandis (folhas, 2,2%) : p-cimeno 19,6%, linalol 3.5%, timol 10,0%, carvacrol 59,5%; Licaria macrophylla (casca e madeira de tronco, 0,5%): borneol 3,0%, nerolidol 5,0%, elemol 25,0%, álcool terciário sesquiterpênico 40,0%.
Nematóides da Região Amazônica. II - Nematóides parasitas e de vida livre associados à pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) e ao cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Freire Francisco das Chagas Oliveira , Monteiro Ailton Rocha
Published: September 2019

Resumo Nesta segunda etapa do levantamento taxonómico dos nematóides da região amazônica os autores apresentam os nematóides parasitas e os de vida livre associados às raízes e/ou rizosferas da pimenta-do-reino e do cacaueiro, em município do Estado do Pará. Um total de 6 gêneros e 10 espécies de nematóides parasitas e 15 gêneros de nematóides de vida livre foram catalogados A maioria dos gêneros e espécies identificadas é, pela primeira vez, encontrada em associação a estas duas culturas na Amazônia.
O OLHO DO ETNÓGRAFO
Authors: Peixoto Fernanda Arêas
Published: September 2019

Resumo: O artigo propõe uma leitura do texto do escritor e antropólogo Michel Leiris (1901-1990), "L'œil de l'ethnographe (à propos de la Mission Ethnographique Dakar-Djibouti)", publicado na revista Documents (1930, 7), e escrito pouco antes de sua primeira viagem de campo à África, quando ele integra a Missão Etnográfica e Linguística Dacar-Djibouti (1931-1933). Trata-se de exercitar um olhar aproximado sobre esse relato de viagem (ou sobre a viagem) antes de sua realização, pensando os seus rendimentos para uma reflexão sobre a viagem etnográfica, sobre o papel de Leiris na redação de Documents, na Paris do entre-guerras e sobre sua obra.
АНАЛИЗ НЕКОТОРЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК БИЗНЕС-МОДЕЛИ АПТЕКИ-ДИСКАУНТЕРА
Authors: Чупандина Елена Евгеньевна , Кузёмкина Александра Васильевна
Published: September 2019

Цель: анализ ряда характеристик бизнес-модели «аптеки-дискаунтера» на примере розничного сектора фармацевтического рынка Воронеж- ской области. Обсуждение: ввиду общего осложнения экономической обстановки, отмечаемого в последние годы и проявляющегося в падении реальных доходов населения и общем росте цен, население Рос- сии стало искать пути экономии на потребляемых товарах. До недавнего времени возможность экономии через использование торговых организаций «низких цен», позиционирующих себя как «дискаунтеры» была распространена в продовольственном сегменте и сегменте бытовой техники. В последние годы данная тенденция была перенесена на фармацевтический рынок и продемонстрировала успешность функционирования. Несмотря на то, что «аптеки-дискаунтеры» яв- ляются относительно новым явлением для фармацевтического рынка, как и любые другие коммерческие организации, они преследуют получение прибыли. Изучение особенностей функционирования аптечных организаций по бизнес-модели «дискаунтера» показало, что извлечение положительного финансового результата сопряжено с рядом особенностей их функционирования. С одной стороны, это необходимость поддерживать максимально низкий для локального рынка уровень цен, обеспечивающий высокий поток потребителей и высокую оборачиваемость товаров. С другой стороны — необходимость минимизации издержек за счет упрощения общего оформления аптечной организации, минимизации затрат на персонал и маркетинг. Агрессивная стратегия аптек-дискаунтеров на рынке построена на преднамеренном демпинге цен в целях завоевания рынка, вытеснения с него участников-конкурентов, что ведет к стремительному расширению бизнеса. Результаты: выявлены ключевые особенности функционирования аптечных сетей-дискаунтеров.
Some peculiarities of activity for comets with orbits on 2–5 AU
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Musiichuk E. Yu. , Borysenko S. A. ,   Main Astronomical Observatory of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2019

Periodic comets of different dynamical groups with orbits at 2–5 AU still occasionally active. The observed dust activity of such objects can be connected with the processes of water ice sublimation (MBCs) or crystallisation of amorphous water ice (QHCs) as well as with external causes. Despite the absence of connections between cometary flares and cyclic variations of solar activity indexes, some individual solar flares can affect the brightness of comets. Cometary objects in the main asteroid belt have lower statistic of flares than comets at orbits similar to quasi-Hilda objects.
Role of pancreatic amyloidosis in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gudkova Alexandra Ya. , Antimonova Olga I. , Shavlovsky Mikhail M.
Published: September 2019

The occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in developed countries is currently becoming epidemic primarily due to the changes in quality of life. This disease typically makes progress for a long time, and its clinical pattern is mostly related to various micro- and macrovascular complications. In addition to said complications the pancreas itself often undergoes damage associated with amyloid formation in islets of Langerhans which results in a toxic effect on the hormone-producing islet cells. Ultimately, hormone overproduction in T2DM shifts to hormone deficiency. The crucial causative factor of the development of pancreatic amyloidosis in T2DM is а short peptide hormone, amylin (IAPP), which is cosecreted with insulin and considered to be a kind of insulin antagonist. The present review reports structure, functions and amyloidogenic properties of human IAPP. The basic concepts of molecular and cellular aspects concerning pathogenesis of pancreatic amyloidosis have been provided. Patterns of the development of pancreatic amyloid lesions and possible approaches for early diagnosis and treatment of this significant complication of T2DM have been discussed.
The specific activity of proteins involved in iron metabolism depends on compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Voynova Irina V. , Kostevich Valeria A. , Elizarova Anna Yu. , Karpenko Marina N. , Sokolov Alexey V.
Published: September 2019

Objective. We aimed to analyze the alterations of activity of iron metabolism members i.e. ceruloplasmin (Cp) and transferrin (Tf), in relation to the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. The latter is one of biochemical criteria of chronic hyperglycemia compensation in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods. Concentration and activity of Cp and Tf, concentration of iron, copper and lipoprotein cholesterol were measured by biochemical methods in blood serum samples obtained from healthy donors and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus divided in three groups according to glycated hemoglobin level.
Results. The significant decrease in serum copper, ferroxidase activity of Cp and iron-binding capacity of Tf, as well as an increase of Tf concentration, in groups with compensated and uncompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus was found.
Conclusion. Our data demonstrate a statistical link between the degree of type 2 diabetes mellitus compensation and alteration of iron metabolism members’ activity. Thus, an increase of hyperglycemia is associated with a decrease of both Cp ferroxidase activity and the degree of Tf saturation with iron. These alterations may explain the efficiency of treatment with iron chelators of such type 2 diabetes mellitus complications as trophic ulcers. The said disease condition is directly connected with the changes in iron efflux.
The effect of military-training experience on psychophysiological and cardiovascular characteristics of cognitive functions
Authors: Pavlov Konstantin I. , Petrenko Maxim I. , Syrtsev Aleksy V. , Archimuk Aleksy N. , Mikheeva Ekaterina A. , Nikolaeva Sardana V. , Andieva Nelli M. , Mukhin Valery N. , Sysoev Vladimir N.
Published: September 2019

The aim of our research is to studying the effect of military-training experience on physical development, cognitive functions and their electrophysiological and cardiovascular characteristics. The object was cadets of the first course of the Naval institute (n = 125). All cadets have been divided into two groups: cadets of the 1st group had no of military-professional experience (n = 81), cadets of the 2nd group was graduated from Suvorov Military (Nakhimov Naval) High Schools (n = 44). We used anthropometrical measurements, physiological and psychophysiological tests, methods of electroencephalography, photoplethysmography and analysis of heart rate variability. To confirm significance of differences between groups ANOVA was used. Cadets of the investigated groups had many distinctive features in physical development, cognitive functions and their electrophysiological and cardiovascular characteristics witch demonstrated the effect of military-training experience.
Bupropion effect depends on rats’ coping style
Authors: Zhukov Dmitry A. , Nemez Vsevolod V. , Vinogradova Ekaterina P.
Published: September 2019

Objective. The effect of antidepressant bupropion on the behavior of rats subjected to chronic mild unpredictable stress was investigated. Rats with opposite coping styles — active and passive — were subjected to stress.
Materials and methods. In the population of outbred animals Wistar were isolated individuals with the opposite coping styles on the basis of the acquisition of active avoidance. The animals of these two groups were tested in the Porsolt’s test and in the elevated plus-maze, and then subjected to chronic stress.
Results. Behavioral deficits were more pronounced in rats with initial active coping style. After administration of bupropion behavior in the Porsolt’s test was restored only in rats with initially active coping style. On the behavior of animals with an initially passive coping style, bupropion had no impact.
Conclusion. Our findings suggest the different nature of post-stress disorders in animals with different active and passive coping styles.
Celestine blue B as a sensor for hypochlorous acid and HOCL-modified proteins registration
Authors: Lutsenko Veronika E. , Grigorieva Daria V. , Gorudko Irina V. , Cherenkevich Sergey N. , Gorbunov Nikolay N. , Kostevich Valeria A. , Panasenko Oleg M. , Sokolov Alexey V.
Published: September 2019

Objective — the study of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and its derivatives production, which catalyzed by human neutrophil myeloperoxidase, using “turn-on” fluorescent sensor — celestine blue B.
Materials and methods. Neutrophils were isolated from the venous blood of healthy donors. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, plant lectins, HOCl-modified proteins were used as agonists. N-acetylcysteine, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, isoniazid and ceruloplasmin were used as regulators of neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity and/or HOCl scavengers.
Results. Using a wide range of agonists and inhibitors, it has been shown that celestine blue B is oxidized in vitro by HOCl and its derivatives as a result of neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity. The oxidation of celestine blue B by HOCl-modified human serum albumin (HSA-Cl) and inhibition of this process by monoclonal antibody against HSA-Cl (IgM class) was also found.
Conclusion. Based on the developed method using celestine blue B, it is possible to conduct a sensitive analysis for the presence of HOCl-modified proteins (chloramines, etc.), to investigate the effect of various agonists and drugs on myeloperoxidase activity and exocytosis from the neutrophil granules.