bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When the Personal Becomes Historical
Authors: Alexandrova Boriana
Published: September 2022

British colonial violence and Ireland’s national trauma have been of concern to Joyce scholarship for decades, as the work of scholars such as Emer Nolan, Declan Kiberd, Clair Wills, Christine Van Boheemen, and Luke Gibbons would attest. However, the thornier subjects of child abuse and sexual or interpersonal violence, despite featuring prominently across the entirety of Joyce’s oeuvre, have received only sparing and at times apprehensive attention. Studies of incest in Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses, and Finnegans Wake have appeared in the work of Jane Ford, Jen Shelton, and John Nash since the late 1990s, building on the earlier, canonical excavations of the Wake’s incest motif by Margot Norris, Adaline Glasheen, and Hugh Kenner, among others. However, these references to inter/personal trauma have often been couched in analyses of literary form and overlooked the significance of trauma as a personal and socio-political issue in its own right. This essay delves into the unsayable and unwritten Joycean narratives of childhood violence, close-reading the “queer” textual scars that expose the hidden trauma narrative of Portrait’s opening episode (Stephen’s early childhood). The essay argues that engaging with Joyce in the 2020s, in the era of #MeToo, requires a re-reading of his oeuvre through the lens of trauma studies and a re-evaluation of how Joyce scholarship handles difficult subjects such as sexual violence and child abuse. This forges the beginnings of a conversation and proposes possible new approaches to (re-)reading both the visible and invisible, personal and collective marks of historical violence across Joyce’s works.
Degeneration, Decadence, and Joyce’s Modernist Disability Aesthetics
Authors: Quirici Marion
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the invocations of disability in early responses to Joyce’s novels, from newspaper reviews to essays by well-known modernist contemporaries. It demonstrates the lasting impact of nineteenth-century theories of degeneration—the idea that modern art was contributing to the disabling, weakening, and moral deterioration of the human race—on the reception of modernist literature in the interwar period. Joyce’s critics in England, Ireland, and the United States used imagery of degeneracy and disease to describe what they saw as the immorality, incomprehensibility, and lowness of his writing. They saw his work, and his status as an icon of innovation, as indicative of a spreading moral, mental, and artistic decline. Joyce, responding creatively to these reviewers, transformed hostile criticisms of his work into sites of literary exchange through which he negotiated the significance of disability to modern art. By crafting a radical disability aesthetic in “Shem the Penman”—book I.7 of Finnegans Wake (1939)—Joyce challenged the metric of beauty by which art had traditionally been assessed. Shem, a proud degenerate, is a revisionary portrait of the artist that asserts the generativity of the deformed, disabled, degenerate body. If Shem the Penman’s many defects and dysfunctions mirror the breakdown of language in Finnegans Wake itself, the text is rich with significance because of, and not despite, these deviations from the norm.
Licenses and Liabilities
Authors: Hutchinson Dale L.
Published: September 2022

The specialized training of medical personnel is an aspect of the medical profession that is often overlooked. Formal medical training was slower to come to America from England, but it began in 1750 with physicians John Bard and Peter Middleton, who offered private medical courses. Training in America was vastly different from European medical training, particularly in the field of anatomical training and dissection. For the general public, death, burials, and corpses were polarizing topics, shrouded in issues of religion and medicine. Hutchinson also discusses archaeological research on American medical devices and facilities.
Epilogue
Authors: Hutchinson Dale L.
Published: September 2022

America health care is the result of numerous changes and challenges over several centuries. Those challenges continue even now, and the weaknesses are made starkly apparent through the Covid-19 pandemic.
Dissensuous Modernism
Authors: DeMaagd Allyson C.
Published: September 2022

Placing women writers at the center of the sensory and technological experimentation that characterized the modernist movement, Dissensuous Modernism shows how women of the era challenged gendered narratives that limited their power and agency and waged dissent through their radical sensuous writing.
Allyson DeMaagd critiques an overemphasis among modernist writers and generations of researchers on the “masculine” senses of sight and sound, shifting the conversation toward the “feminine” senses of smell, taste, and touch. These senses, long considered “lower,” were explored by writers such as H.D., Mina Loy, Virginia Woolf, and Elizabeth Bowen, as DeMaagd demonstrates through detailed close readings of their lesser-studied novels. DeMaagd’s analysis shows how these women incorporated technology in their work to reunify the senses or to draw attention to the destructive disunity of the senses, highlighting the subversive potential of sensory integration.
Dissensuous Modernism illuminates how modernist women writers breached the sensory borders society erects between men and women, heteronormativity and queerness, ability and disability, technology and nature, and human and nonhuman. It elevates diverse embodied experiences and illuminates the pivotal role of women in modernist sensory thought.
Introduction
Authors: DeMaagd Allyson C.
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces key terms from sensory studies that are foundational to this study, including consensus, dissensuous, intersensory, and synesthesia. It provides an overview of traditional Western sensory hierarchies, illustrating how sensory privilege translates to social privilege. In order to contextualize the period in which H.D., Mina Loy, Virginia Woolf, and Elizabeth Bowen write, this chapter also examines modernist sensescapes and women’s complex relation to technology, which contributed to both their sensuous and social liberation and to their ongoing subjugation. Finally, this chapter explains the book’s foregrounding of women writers’ sensuous experimentation, as well as how that experimentation leads to formal innovation.
“choked by a robot!”
Authors: DeMaagd Allyson C.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines and juxtaposes two distinct artistic approaches to the body, senses, and technology in Mina Loy’s Insel. Loy associates the first approach with the misogynistic work of Futurists and Surrealists who, like her antagonist Insel, use visual technology to discipline the senses and commit violence against the sensuous female body. Through medical technologies that intervene on the body in unwanted and corrective ways—designed to segment and suppress sensation—Loy further alludes to toxic misogynist and eugenicist ideologies. To combat this sensory violence, Loy offers an alternative, integrationist approach that combines the body, the senses, and technology. Her protagonist, Mrs. Jones, adopts this approach, and elevates the female body and the so-called lower senses at a time when they were increasingly denigrated, especially in the sciences. Mrs. Jones imagines the female body itself as a sensory technology, one that registers sensations machines cannot. Thus, she posits the so-called feminine senses of smell, taste, and touch as valuable sources of knowledge and creativity, which contribute positively to science and literature.
Sensory Dystopia
Authors: DeMaagd Allyson C.
Published: September 2022

This chapter works from a popular view of technology as threatening and examines how a proliferation of visual and audio technologies in the mid-twentieth century impede broader sensory experience. In Eva Trout, Elizabeth Bowen expresses anxiety about technology and sensory impairment by crafting a limited, dystopian sensorium that excludes the lower senses. She does this, in part, through depictions of all-consuming visual and acoustic technologies that demonstrate and encourage society’s unhealthy fixation on seeing and hearing. Bowen further illustrates this fixation through depictions of a character who is deaf and whose disability underscores bodily and sensuous lack. This chapter draws on disability theory, modernist sound studies, and historical accounts of 1960s technologies to demonstrate how Bowen argues for a more expansive sensorium by illustrating the harmful effects of ocular- and auralcentrism. The novel’s aggressive technologies and its absence of the lower senses gesture toward harmful, patriarchal ideologies that dehumanize and disconnect people.
Beauty
Authors: O'Rourke Fran
Published: September 2022

In order to define his artistic identity Joyce aimed to elaborate a personal theory of aesthetics. As starting point he adopted basic terms (integritas, consonantia, claritas) and principles (e.g. pulchra sunt quae visa placent) from Thomas Aquinas, which he developed into an original interpretation of beauty. Due to his limited knowledge of sources, Joyce did not recognize that Aquinas had already resolved what he believed were fundamental difficulties of definition. Unfamiliar with the Thomist theory of transcendentals (the convertibility of being with the basic properties of goodness, truth, beauty, thing, one, and ‘something’), many of Joyce’s interpretations are confused. Detailed arguments and textual evidence is brought against the view of Jacques Aubert that Hegel, rather than Aquinas, was the inspiration for Joyce’s aesthetics.
Landscapes of Timbuctoo
Authors: Barton Christopher P.
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks at the landscapes of Timbuctoo as emblematic of a collective identity. The settlement pattern of Timbuctoo is compared to other Black communities as representative both a common identity rooted in West Africa and as a means of protection in the United States. Secondly, the yard sweeping of the area around the Davis home is presented as a founded in West African tradition as well as a practice of economic class. The swept surfaces of the yard were used by the Davises as an extension of their home for family activities, work, and socializing with the community. Finally, swept yards are discussed in contrast to the late-nineteenth century, middle class practice of lawns. This chapter offers the reader a multiscalar understanding of the ways that race and class influenced the landscapes at Timbuctoo.
The Davis Home
Authors: Barton Christopher P.
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the architecture, construction, and building materials of the Davis home. The architecture of the Davis home, a 12 x 16 plan resting atop a brick pier foundation, is compared to two contemporaneous dwellings from New Jersey. The construction of the home is a result of William Davis’s experience as a brickyard worker. Through experimental archaeology the reader comes to understand that even though the Davis foundation of poor-quality brick that it still offered the best possible materials for a family of limited economic means. This chapter takes a unique approach to interpreting the effects of poverty on people’s homes.
Food, Strife, and Preservation
Authors: Barton Christopher P.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the dietary patterns at Timbuctoo through the lens of archaeology, specifically, home canning and commodified foods. The recovery of home canning artifacts dating from the turn of the century to the 1940s suggest that the people of Timbuctoo we preserving their food. Furthermore, these practices are contextualized into global and national events such as World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II to show the various ways that people improvised to lessen the effects of poverty in their everyday lives. Finally, the recovery of commercially canned foods, specifically, commodified peanut butter, are discussed to underscore how such inexpensive foods saved impoverished people on time and energy. The interpretations presented in this chapter offer the reader insights into the ways that consumer culture was used by Black people to resist marginalization.
Conclusion
Authors: Barton Christopher P.
Published: September 2022

This chapter first compares the history and archaeology of Timbuctoo with other Black sites in New Jersey; Saddlertown; Skunk Hollow; and the Mann Site. Through these the reader better understands the state’s unique history on slavery and race relations. However, despite legacies of enduring life along the color line, this chapter concludes with a discussion of ways that the people of Timbuctoo have persevered in the face of repression. These stories of struggle and endurance continue today as movements like Black Lives Matter use collective action to make the future more humane for people of color. Finally, this chapter is a call to archaeologists to the craft as a medium for social activism.
Felipe Cazals
Authors: Sánchez Prado Ignacio M.
Published: September 2022

This chapter seeks to read the work of one of Mexico’s foremost cinematic auteurs—Felipe Cazals—against the grain of this interpretation of cinematic history, which Cazals himself shares. Rather, I propose a redefinition of “cinematic crisis” as a constant and productive state in Mexican cinema, in which cinematic form and aesthetics can be seen in a tensional and dialectical relationship with the economic and infrastructural scarcities of the industry and the deterritorialized and contradictory role of national audiences. In doing this, I argue that Cazals’s work must be read in a continuum that renders visible an auteurial voice shaped by crisis and marks of cinematic form and ideology that appear across his work, reading side-by-side lowbrow films like Rigo es amor (1980) or Desvestidas y alborotadas with political and social works like Bajo la metralla (1982) or Los motivos de Luz (1985).
It’s a Man’s World
Authors: Lehnen Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Chapter four focuses on masculinity within the police forces, and how male rituals of violence reprise the authoritarian legacy of the military regime that governed Brazil from 1964 to 1985. The overwhelming success of Tropa de Elite makes it axiomatic to discussions of men, masculinity, and how the state employs violence. This chapter posits the performance of neo-authoritarian masculinity in José Padilha’s film as metonymic of state power. The film differentiates BOPE (Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais) from the standard military police forces to effectively impose a hierarchy. This emphasizes the importance and structure of homosocial bonds between men. Within this framework, the film privileges the neo-authoritarian masculinity of BOPE in juxtaposition to other male figures/masculinities such as criminals and the middle and upper classes. Thus, the film imposes a power continuum that esteems neo-authoritarian masculinity embodied by BOPE forces. Within this homosocial masculine world, the film deploys the subordination of women as a central element for the reassertion of neo-authoritarian masculinity in Brazil. These lines of inquiry converge to demonstrate how Tropa de Elite posits the neo-authoritarian male as a virtual figure of salvation, capable of re-establishing order and security in a society dominated by fear and insecurity.
The Dissidence of Reinaldo Arenas
Authors: Barros Sandro R. , Ocasio Rafael , Willis Angela L.
Published: September 2022

Focusing on the didactic nature of the work of Reinaldo Arenas, this book demonstrates the Cuban writer’s influence as a public pedagogue, mentor, and social activist whose teachings on resistance to normative ideologies resonate in societies past, present, and future. Through a multidisciplinary approach bridging educational, historiographic, and literary perspectives, this book illuminates how Arenas’s work remains a cutting-edge source of inspiration for today’s audiences, particularly LGBTQI readers. It shows how Arenas’s aesthetics contain powerful insights for exploring dissensus, whether in the context of Cuba, broader Pan-American and Latinx-U.S. queer movements of social justice, or transnational citizenship politics. Carefully dissecting Arenas’s themes against the backdrop of his political activity, this book presents the writer’s poetry, novels, and plays as a curriculum of dissidence that provides models for socially engaged intellectual activism.
Colonial and Counterrevolutionary Pedagogies
Authors: Barros Sandro R. , Ocasio Rafael , Willis Angela L.
Published: September 2022

This chapter highlights Arenas’s earliest literary works produced in the United States as the initial phase of an emerging sexual and political activism. The authors discuss El Central (1981) and Arturo, la estrella más brillante (1984) as texts that stand out for their exploration of a testimonial counterrevolutionary pedagogy. Both works exemplify a notably queer aesthetics mobilized pedagogically as a political device against Castro’s regime and what it stood for. Two angles will be at the focus of our analysis. First, Arenas put at center stage iconic historical characters, many of them queer, whom he fictionalized as activists. Second, these characters’ cultural behavioral practices introduce strategies of protest that reveal how they pedagogically adapted to their socio-political condition as marginalized individuals.
Mitigating Financing Constraints on Investment: Ownership and Transparency in Russia
Authors: Grosman Anna
Published: September 2022

This study examines the impact of transparency and disclosure scores on fixed investment within the unique context of the Russian capital market. I find that transparency has a positive and significant impact on fixed investment. However, state-owned enterprises are more sensitive than oligarch-owned enterprises to improved transparency. I find robust evidence that greater transparency of financially constrained firms positively affects investment. Transparency, therefore, is a valid mechanism for reducing financing constraints on investment.
Strafrecht Besonderer Teil II
Authors: Kindhäuser Urs , Böse Martin
Published: September 2022

Ziel des Buches ist die Vermittlung gründlicher Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet des Vermögensstrafrechts. Der Schwerpunkt liegt in der Gesetzesauslegung. Historische und kriminologische Bezüge kommen nur zur Sprache, wenn dies für das Verständnis einer Norm oder eines Lehrsatzes unumgänglich erscheint. Die dogmatischen Teile sind knapp gehalten, wenn sich hinter einem Lehrsatz keine Streitfrage mit nennenswerten Konsequenzen für die Normanwendung verbirgt. Dagegen sind diejenigen Teile umfangreich erläutert, in denen mehr oder minder umstrittene Lehrsätze mit praktischen Auswirkungen dargestellt werden. Neben dem Pflichtstoff sind auch solche Delikte, die für den universitären Schwerpunktbereich im Strafrecht bedeutsam sein können, ausführlich behandelt.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Clinical and Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Kuzmanić Šamija Radenka , Plejić Marta
Published: September 2022

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are dystrophinopathies, a group of muscular dystrophies caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common muscular dystrophy that occurs in children. A mutation in the DMD gene leads to a loss of expression of the dystrophin protein, a subsarcolemmal protein that provides strength, stability, and functionality to the myofibrils. Patients with dystrophinopathies with basic progressive weakness of the musculoskeletal system develop complications of many organ systems that significantly contribute to the deterioration of the clinical condition and shorter life expectancy. Multidisciplinary care has extended the patients’ life expectancy and the development of subspecialist branches has enabled the improvement of diagnostic methods and treatment. Recently, therapeutic options in the treatment of DMD have advanced significantly, and new genetic and molecular therapies are emerging. The advent of gene therapy as a causal therapy for DMD has placed additional emphasis on diagnosing and treating the disease as early as possible. This achieves an additional prolongation of life expectancy, increases the quality of life in patients with DMD, and provides hope for patients and their families.
Application of Electric Bias to Enhance the Sensitivity of Graphene-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors
Authors: Paul Gollapalli Ravi , Wei Tingyi , Reid Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Surface plasmon resonance sensors that incorporate graphene as one of the layers in the sensor structure have been proven to provide higher sensitivity in the detection of biomolecules, compared to sensors without graphene. Graphene an allotrope of carbon facilitates better adsorption to biomolecule samples due to the carbon-hydrocarbon affinity to biomolecules, thereby resulting in higher sensitive biosensors. Recently, a revolutionary method has been presented, at least in theory for now, that there is still a possibility to increase the sensitivity of the SPR sensors by the application of electric bias across the metal-graphene sensor system. A mathematical treatment to understand the physics of how the electrical bias contributes to an increase in sensitivity is presented in this chapter, using a sensor surface structure comprising of Au-MoS2-Gr. The results indicate that the application of electrical bias across the sensor surface consisting of Gr and other materials provides a method to increase the sensitivity of these biosensors. The scope and impact of this research can be felt in many industries that need sensors either in the food industry for food contamination check, harmful gas detection for environmental monitoring or safety measures, medical diagnostics etc.
Applications of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Product Design, Development, and Process Optimization
Authors: Lamidi Sheriff , Olaleye Nurudeen , Bankole Yakub , Obalola Aishat , Aribike Emmanuella , Adigun Idris
Published: September 2022

In this review chapter, the authors presented a systematic exposition to the concept of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for applications by Scientists, Engineers, Technologists and Industries. (RSM) is an empirical model which employs the use of mathematical and statistical techniques in relating input variables otherwise known as factors to the response. RSM became very useful due to the fact that other methods available such as the theoretical model could be very cumbersome to use, time-consuming, inefficient, error prone and unreliable. In order to draw meaningful conclusions and findings, an experiment is required. In an effort to obtain an objective conclusion (between the factors and the response), an experimenter needs to plan and design the experiments, and analyze the results. An approximation of the response in relation to the variables is otherwise known as RSM. This chapter reviews RSM concept for easy understanding and adoption by researchers. In section 2.0, the various terminologies used in RSM were defined. In section 3.0, RSM design types were highlighted and RSM research phases exposed in section 4.0. Section 8.0 gave some scenario applications of RSM in various fields and section 9.0 defined the RSM research cycle process. General applications and conclusions stated.
Agrovoltaic and Smart Irrigation: Pakistan Perspective
Authors: M. Asfahan Hafiz , Sultan Muhammad , Ahmad Fiaz , Majeed Faizan , Shamim Ahamed Md , Aziz Marjan , R. Shamshiri Redmond , Sajjad Uzair , Usman Khan Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The present study aims to investigate the prospects and challenges that need to be encountered for the adaptation of the novel agrovoltaic irrigation system (AVIS) in Pakistan. The agro-production scenario in Pakistan is periodically declining and leading toward the high delta crops, which develop severe pressure on the conventional energy and water resources. Groundwater might be a viable water source, but its pumping requires massive energy. In addition, excessive pumping declines the water table at a higher pace as compared to the recharge rate hence leading the country toward the exploitation of the valuable reservoir. The AVIS could be an energy-efficient and reliable irrigation solution in a manner of harvesting solar energy for driving smart irrigation systems capable to pumps the metered groundwater according to field requirements. Lack of local understanding, skilled/technical personnel, dependence on local technology, and major capital expenditures might impede technological adaption. The government should take necessary measures to replenish the groundwater reservoirs and also execute research projects that strengthen ground knowledge of AVIS.
Phytochemicals as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Animal Production
Authors: Hotea Ionela , Dragomirescu Monica , Berbecea Adina , Radulov Isidora
Published: September 2022

Despite the continuous improvement of feed diets and recipes, animal health problems persist. For their treatment, antibiotics and chemotherapy have been shown to have side effects hard to control. The antibiotic residues in animal products may endanger human health. Since the antibiotics were restricted in animals’ diets, which were previously used to keep under control digestive and respiratory pathologies, as well as allergies, so the researchers began to search for natural alternatives. Thus, it was developed the concept of phytoadditives, and these natural plant extracts are gaining ground in animal farming. Since then, more and more animal breeders and farms are willing to use various types of phytoadditives. This chapter aims to present the most widely used phytochemicals in animal nutrition, their effects on animal production and health, and to make some recommendations on the use of phytochemicals in farm animals’ diets.
X-ray Diffraction Profiles Modeling Method for Layered Structures Reconstruction: Nanoclay Structural Verification
Authors: Oueslati Walid , Mejri Chadha , Ben Haj Amara Abdesslem
Published: September 2022

The nanoclay properties find a large environmental application domain as depolluant, ion exchanger, natural geological barrier for industrial and radioactive waste confinement, clay-based nanocomposite for drug delivery, and more. Layered materials, such as nanoclay, present rather complex structures whose classical characterization requires a complementarity between several analysis methods to decipher the effects of interstratification (and its cause) on the intrinsic functional properties. The appearance of defects related to the layers stacking mode, which differ in their thickness and/or their internal structure are directly related to the reactivity of the mineral’s surface. During the last decades, and with the development of computer codes, the modeling of X-ray diffraction profiles has proven to be an important tool that allows detailed structural reconstruction. The quantitative XRD analysis, which consists of the comparison of experimental (00l) reflections with the calculated ones deduced from structural models, allowed us to determine the optimal structural parameters describing interlamellar space (IS) configuration, hydration state, cation exchange capacity (CEC), layer stacking mode, and theoretical mixed-layer structure (MLS) distribution. This chapter will review the state of the art of this theoretical approach as a basic technique for the study of nanoclays. The basic mathematical formalism, the parameters affecting the theoretical models, and the modeling strategy steps will be detailed in concrete examples.
Comparison as Relation: From World History to World Literature *
Authors: Shih Shu-mei
Published: September 2022

This chapter proposes a new method of doing comparative and world literature called relational comparison. Relational comparison sets into motion relationalities among seemingly disparate texts by deploying world historical perspectives to reveal the global interconnectedness of the world in literature, where the agents who partake of such interconnection are not only major but also minor and marginalized literatures.   The method of relational comparison thus helps level the playing field of uneven and unequal power dynamics in the constitution of world literature, and works some way towards a more egalitarian and inclusive conception of world literature.
Intra-Asian Reading; or, How Lu Xun Enters into a World Literature
Authors: Hashimoto Satoru
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the Japanese translator and scholar of modern Chinese literature, critic, and essayist Takeuchi Yoshimi’s criticisms and translations of Lu Xun’s works in the wartime and postwar periods, and explores their implications for the conception of world literature. Analyzing Takeuchi’s wartime monograph on Lu Xun with a focus on its gesture of copious citations, as well as his postwar revisiting of Chinese modernity through repeated translations of Lu Xun’s short stories, the chapter teases out a mode of reading that engages with the worldliness of literary texts and thus is informed by a critical self-reflection on the condition of possibility for literary circulation. This mode of reading calls for a transformation of the reader/critic’s self, which bespeaks an act of tuning to voices that the existing routes of literary exchanges may fail to convey. Through Takeuchi’s reading, Lu Xun's works discover a new route of intra-Asian circulation precisely by interrogating their status as literature, and this leads them into a world literature that is driven to self-transformation by the shadows of its own concept.
World-Literary Hospitality
Authors: Bachner Andrea
Published: September 2022

Most debates about what constitutes world literature put emphasis on movement and creation, on world literary originality or activity, thus drawing a skewed map of world-literary intensity. What if we paid attention to an equally important part of literary worlding, namely the capacity for receiving literary impulses from other cultures, the ability to translate, integrate, rewrite, and (re-)create? This essay challenges commonplaces of textual agency and espouses a methodology attentive to world-literary hospitality. It juxtaposes two examples of world-literary circulation from the early 1920s between Latin America and China: The first is Mexican writer José Juan Tablada’s (1871-1945) 1920 poetry collection Li-Po y otros poemas (Li-Po and Other Poems)—an experiment in visual poetry inspired by Chinese and Japanese culture. The second is one of the earliest translations of a Latin American literary text into Chinese: Mao Dun’s 1921 Chinese rendition of Nicaraguan writer Rubén Darío’s story “El velo de la reina Mab” (“The Veil of Queen Mab”), published originally in 1888. Rather than showing how Chinese literary texts can be read through the lens of world-literary approaches, I aim to read these texts as scenes of world-literary hospitality, and thus as experiments in proposing alternative world-literary patterns.
The Worlding of Chinese Science Fiction
Authors: Song Mingwei
Published: September 2022

This chapter studies Chinese science fiction’s “global” impact as a new wave, and examine three implications of the term “worlding,” as world-building in science fiction, as the genre’s becoming world literature, and as its representation of the invisible China as a hidden part of the world. The chapter refers to David Damrosch’s concept of “world literature” as well as Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr’s argument about “global science fiction,” and polemicize these notions in the context of Chinese science fiction. The chapter mainly focuses on the works by Liu Cixin, with discussions extended to Han Song, Chen Qiufan, and Bao Shu, their translated works, as well as their untranslated, and even unpublished, works. The chapter also asks what remains invisible after Chinese science fiction has taken the center stage, while looking deeper into the genre’ ethical commitment and political subversions.
Space, Place, and Distance
Authors: Larson Wendy
Published: September 2022

Despite criticism, controversy, and scandal, the Nobel Prize for Literature remains the preeminent recognition of literary talent on a global scale. The first native-born Chinese writer to receive the prize was Gao Xingjian (1940-), although in the eyes of some critics, his self-exile and claiming of French citizenship in 1998 tainted his Chineseness. Mo Yan (1955-), who received the prize in 2012, was immediately hailed as an alternative, a writer whose fiction is written in a contemporary, vernacular language that expresses an authentic Chinese sensibility. However, both writers have recognized and made use of modern global trends in fiction. In Soul Mountain, Gao Xingjian downplays place in favor of narrative distance and philosophical reflection, whereas in Life and Death are Wearing Me Out, Mo Yan demands that readers deeply engage with specific locales and the physicality of the material world. The contrasting styles chosen by the two Nobel prize winners suggest different underlying concepts of what world literature could mean to non-Western writers. In my conclusion, I speculate on the reasons why Chinese literature is not embraced as fully in the West as Western literature is in China.
Memesis and Contemporary Chinese Poetry
Authors: King Lee Tong
Published: September 2022

This chapter proposes a conception of world literature based around the idea of distribution. Advancing the idea of memes, it rescales the notion of translation into a more inclusive rubric for imagining the multimodal trajectories of works as their semiotic potentialities are unraveled into assemblages of myriad texts. Using examples from concrete poetry in translations and remediations of contemporary Chinese poetry on new media, it argues that an enlarged notion of translation is needed in respect of world literature. The crosslingual, intersemiotic, and transmedial instantiations of contemporary Chinese writing demonstrate that world literature must take into account the potentialities of translation beyond language as such, that is: where a work may distribute itself across linguistic as well as modal and medial repertoires to herald a new global literary imaginary.
From Writing to Roaming
Authors: Hockx Michel
Published: September 2022

Black and Blue is the collective name of a unique group of writers that has been promoting experimental fiction in China for over two decades. This article assesses the group’s contributions to global avant-garde aesthetics through its innovative practices and its dedication to its art. Close readings of work published in the group’s magazine provide insight into what David Damrosch calls the “negotiation between two different cultures,” in this case an engagement between Chinese fiction and Dutch poetry. These investigations are framed by an argument concerning the significance of the World Wide Web as a production site for world literature, the study of which continues to be dominated largely by print culture practices and values.
World Literature in an Age of Digital Technologies *
Authors: Chiu Kuei-fen
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the significance of digital platforms for world literature studies. It studies three digital platforms featuring an internationally recognized Taiwanese writer—Li Ang. It shows how the statistics based on the e-footprints of the Li Ang Digital Archive open up a new path for reader reception research. It also demonstrates how Wikipedia and Goodreads.com help enhance the symbolic capital of a work/writer and boost the international visibility of the writer/work. Both Wikipedia and Goodreads.com can be regarded as new cultural agents in the age of the internet. If in times past, literary awards, anthologies, and academic reproduction in the forms of scholarly publications and classroom teaching worked as the major mechanisms of literary consecration, the three digital platforms studied in this chapter show how new mechanisms of recognition are emerging in the age of the internet. They transform in a profound way the mediascape of literary production and dissemination. They also demand new modes of reading.
Kentucky
Authors: Delfino Susanna
Published: September 2022

This chapter details the history of Susan P. (Shelby) Grigsby’s ancestry, from the pre-revolutionary era to Isaac Shelby’s rise in Kentucky politics, and to his demise. It establishes Traveller’s Rest as the shrine of the Shelby and Hart families’ prestige, and the symbolic importance it came to embody for Susan Grigsby. The Shelby and Hart families’ proud antislavery tradition illuminates how Susan Grigsby came to approach her status as a slaveholder, and a woman, in late antebellum Kentucky.
Looking “Backward” to the Future
Authors: Delfino Susanna
Published: September 2022

Chapter two sets Susan Grigsby’s childhood and adolescence against the backdrop of Kentucky’s early modernization. This came in the way of internal improvements, the general quickening of businesses, urban growth, new industry, new ideas seeping in from the more economically and socially advanced Northeast. The member of an extended family of liberal attitudes on slavery and woman’s education, young Susan subscribed to their views. Yet, a close sequence of tragic events hitting her family operated to predispose her to set aside ideals of personal independence, and consent to early marriage with John Grigsby. An honest man modest circumstances, he revealed himself the unwanted source of Susan’s future difficulties as a slaveholder of antislavery persuasion.
The Bittersweet Taste of Progress
Authors: Delfino Susanna
Published: September 2022

This chapter begins with a general description of the economic and attending social developments that occurred in 1850s Kentucky to illustrate how those transformations forwarded the growing participation of women in the capitalist labor market. The affirmation of a new understanding of the relationship between employer and employee affected every branch of labor, including a traditional one like domestic service.A cosmopolitan lady with a strong curiosity for modern things, early upon her resettling at Traveller’s Rest Grigsby resolved herself to undertake the experiment of introducing one or more white servants into her slave-staffed household, per the most recent theories of household management. Failure to grasp the essence of the terms regulating the relationship between employer and employee even in a traditional job like domestic service, exposed Grigsby to severe disappointments.
The World Turned Upside Down
Authors: Delfino Susanna
Published: September 2022

This chapter chronicles Susan Grigsby’s ordeals, both personal and economic, during the Civil War years. With John Grigsby enrolled in the Confederate army, she had to steer herself amidst major challenges. These involved the protection of her property, and the necessity to defend herself from suspicions of disloyalty in a strongly Unionist area of Kentucky. John’s return home at the end of the war was rife with expectations of a fresh departure for the Grigsbys. Although the liberation of slaves had relieved Susan of a major moral burden, the financial loss involved was conspicuous. John’s untimely death in 1877 not only put an end to dreams of rebuilding the family fortunes, but threw Susan in a mire of liabilities, due to the huge personal indebtedness her husband had contracted before the war. The sale of her most valuable properties, and the final loss of Traveller’s Rest did not suffice to spare Susan from becoming a nearly destitute woman in the early 1880s. Pressed by stringent economic necessity, the once aristocratic mistress of Traveller’s Rest resolved herself to jump over the fence, and turn herself into a middle-class, self-supporting woman of the New South.
Introduction
Authors: Scutchfield F. Douglas , Wykoff Randy
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the entire collection, framing Appalachian health as an important topic not only regionally but also nationally. It builds on earlier research about health disparities in Appalachia (such as that by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation) to demonstrate why a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to studying the region’s health is more important now than perhaps ever before, especially to scholars interested in rural health. The chapter concludes with a summary of each of the forthcoming sections of the book.
Appalachia
Authors: Roach Ron R.
Published: September 2022

Though Appalachia has long been maligned by the rest of the United States and reduced to a litany of stereotypes, it is a region abounding with geographic, political, economic, and cultural complexity. This chapter explores the early history of the region (from early native American settlement, through the de Soto exploration to European settlement) and traces the origins of common misconceptions about Appalachia to illustrate its complexities. It then explains how Appalachia’s colorful history has complicated the study of its local cultures and, therefore, health outcomes. It argues that healthcare providers and scholars should approach the region with a focus on local culture, applying principles of intercultural competence to view Appalachia not as a singular place but, instead, as a vast collection of communities united by their strong sense of place.
Deaths of Despair in Appalachia
Authors: Meit Michael , Heffernan Megan , Tanenbaum Erin
Published: September 2022

Middle-aged white adults in America are expiring at alarming rates, succumbing to what Case and Deaton term "deaths of despair" as a result of drug overdose, suicide and alcohol-related diseases. This chapter extends theory on deaths of despair to Appalachia, summarizing trends in mortality and morbidity across the region due to these causes. It finds that not only do disparities in deaths of despair affect Appalachia compared to the rest of the United States, but they also appear subregionally, within groups of counties. Central Appalachia carries the highest burden, with widespread overdose deaths, high rates of suicide and many alcohol-related diseases frustrating efforts to improve population health. The chapter also illustrates the potential mediating effects of urbanicity and gender, with those who are male or residing in more urban counties facing smaller disparities (compared to non-Appalachian counterparts) than women or rural dwellers do. The recent uptick in opioid overdose deaths cannot be ignored as a major contributor to the deaths of despair in Appalachia, and the authors present a compelling case for more scholarly attention to opioid overdose in particular.
The Opioid Crisis in Appalachia
Authors: Hagaman Angela , Brooks Bill , Mathis Stephanie M. , Moore Kelly E. , Pack Robert
Published: September 2022

Appalachia carries a disproportionate burden of the growing opioid epidemic across the United States. Its residents have been navigating the fallout of overdose-related deaths for over a decade, witnessing their communities transform into the epicenter of America’s drug crisis. This chapter details the three waves of the opioid epidemic and recognizes the crisis as a "syndemic". In simpler terms, it explores how multiple, interrelated processes contribute to heightened vulnerability to opioid misuse within Appalachia. Among those processes are phenomena detailed in earlier chapters, for example the region’s persistent socioeconomic disparities and the vacuum created by coal’s decline. The second half of the chapter explores public health collaboration for crisis mitigation. It details prevention, treatment, and harm reduction approaches to the opioid epidemic and explains how they can most optimally operate in Appalachia.
Establishing the Theater
Authors: Dworak David D.
Published: September 2022

Chapter two tells the story of how the Allies began establishing a theater of war in North Africa. Shipping space was limited, so the Allies began establishing vehicle assembly plants in North Africa, a remarkable story. The Allies established a formal communications zone and began experimenting with various approaches to command and control, particularly for theater administrative support. Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ) established three base sections under the command of BG Arthur Wilson, MG Tom Larkin, and BG Arthur Pence. MG Everett Hughes served as Deputy Theater Commander. The Services of Supply was critically short of manpower, a situation exasperated be the inclusion of free French forces. The rearming of ~300,000 Free French forces was a major undertaking with political ramifications. The chapter concludes with a description of British and German logistics in North Africa. Rommel had his own supply challenges, to include insufficient supplies, shipping interdictions, and lack of an effective theater distribution system.
Operation Husky
Authors: Dworak David D.
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily in July, 1943. This is the next major campaign within the Mediterranean, with planning beginning while the battle for Tunisia concludes. The chapter starts with Allied invasion planning efforts, which lead to the mounting of the operation-the loading of material, supplies, troops, and equipment for transport. The Allies land in Sicily, where beach operations are better compared to North Africa, but still leave much room for improvement. New equipment such as DUKWs show that the Allies are learning. The chapter includes details on how the Allies supported operations across the island, including the establishment of an Island Base Section. An effective logistics system enabled Patton’s drive towards Palermo and the capture of Messina. The chapter includes an assessment of the Engineer Special Brigade concept and details on adjustments to the theater support structure.
Operation Avalanche
Authors: Dworak David D.
Published: September 2022

Chapter five describes the invasion of Italy, specifically Operation Avalanche, the US Fifth Army landings at Salerno. The chapter starts with details on the planning and mounting of the operation, followed by the invasion. Allied landings are the most effective to date, showing clear evidence of improvement compared to North Africa and Sicily. The clearing of Naples port is intriguing story that is vital to Allied logistical support. As the campaign continues, the Allies have to transition to supporting mountain and winter warfare; leading to the use of large numbers of pack animals. Support of the civil population becomes a major task. The Allies begin developing a significant support base, to include establishment of the Peninsular Base Section and repair of civilian rail transport. The chapter concludes by detailing implications with the arrival of the French Expeditionary Corps and continuation of combat in the winter of 1943.
Unfinished Business
Authors: Dworak David D.
Published: September 2022

Chapter eight picks up the story of US Fifth Army in the summer of 1944 and covers operations in Italy up to the end of the war. As the Allies advanced north toward the Po River valley, the Peninsular Base Section occupied new ports along the Italian coastline, including a major logistics hub at Leghorn. This provided shorter lines of communication to front lines and greater flexibility to Allied commanders. The chapter also highlights the contributions of women (WACs) and Black Americans within the US military, especially within the support forces. The contributions of these under-represented populations are an important aspect of the Allied logistical effort and deserve specific mention.