bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whale optimization algorithm for production scheduling problems in small bakery enterprises
Authors:   Informatics Dept., Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia, Nugraheni Cecilia , Abednego Luciana ,   Informatics Dept., Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia, Widyarini Maria ,   Business Administration Dept., Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The no-wait flexible flowshop scheduling problem (NWFFSP) is a significant challenge in industries such as bakeries, where strict no-wait constraints and resource limitations, like oven availability, complicate scheduling. This research aims to evaluate the performance of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in solving NWFFSP as a multi-objective problem, focusing on minimizing makespan and total oven idle time (ToIT). The study employs the Pareto principle to address trade-offs between these conflicting objectives. Experimental results demonstrate that WOA effectively balances both objectives, maintaining comparable efficiency to mono-objective optimization. The findings confirm WOA's potential as a robust tool for solving complex multi-objective scheduling problems in practical settings.
Improving the efficiency of using the resources of virtual data centers with a heterogeneous structure by repositioning virtual machines
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Kravets O. , Mutina E. ,   Moscow State University of  Technology “STANKIN”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaslavskaya O. ,   Moscow City University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Redkin Yu. ,   Admiral  Ushakov Maritime State University, Novorossiysk, Russian Federation, Rahman P. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Russian Federation, Aksenov I. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and  Nikolay Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russian Federation, Kamil Kamil ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

The article presents an approach to managing virtualized data centers (VSDDC), which are based on virtual machine hypervisors – software management modules that allow multiple virtual machines to use the resources of a single server platform. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of using VSDDC resources with a heterogeneous structure through the development of mathematical and software for the relocation of virtual machines. As a result, a model of multidimensional representation of virtualized resources has been developed, taking into account the normalized value of their use by live migration algorithms and providing the possibility of calculating their imbalance, which determines the need to perform the process of repositioning virtual machines; an algorithm for repositioning virtual machines has been created based on a reasonably chosen method of solving the problem of multidimensional combinatorial optimization; an architecture of a software-implemented support system for repositioning virtual machines in VSDDC has been proposed with a heterogeneous structure; An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of using VSDDC resources based on the proposed algorithm for solving the problem of reallocation of virtual machines for various variants of the VSDDC structure.
An adaptive machine learning model for IoT security to detect spoofing and DOS attacks
Authors:   PES’s Modern College of Engineering, Pune, India, Deshpand Sujit , Gore Deipali ,   PES’s Modern College of Engineering, Pune, India, Chavan Amrapali ,   All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India, Nelli Arundhati ,   K. L. S Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi, India
Published: February 2025

The rising number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitates robust security to counter threats like Denial-of-Service (DoS) and spoofing attacks. Many Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) leverage Machine Learning (ML), but challenges like concept drift and class imbalance persist. This study presents an adaptive ML-based IDS framework using a Modified XGBoost (Mod-XGB) model. Mod-XGB incorporates a weighted loss function for class imbalance, adaptive instance weighting for concept drift, and a security penalty term to enhance feature selection. Evaluated on the CICIoV2024 dataset, Mod-XGB achieved 97.96% accuracy, outperforming models like Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and AdaBoost. This innovative approach effectively addresses IoT security challenges, offering significant advancements in IDS performance for improved attack detection and resilience in dynamic environments.
Efektifitas Pelayanan dan Penyediaan Sarana/Prasarana dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Tingkat Sekolah Dasar Dilingkup Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Nabire
Authors: Randan Ferry , A Todingbua’ Manuel , Buku Atus
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the services and provision of facilities/infrastructure in improving the quality of education at the elementary school level in the Education Office of Nabire Regency. Adequate facilities and infrastructure are crucial to support optimal learning processes. This research uses a qualitative approach with primary and secondary data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants involved in this study are 5 employees of the Education Office of Nabire Regency who have knowledge about the provision of facilities/infrastructure at the elementary school level. The results of the study show that: 1) The effectiveness of services and the provision of facilities/infrastructure significantly impacts the quality of learning, although challenges such as slow administration processes, varying facility quality, and low community involvement still need to be addressed. 2) The condition of facilities and infrastructure at elementary schools faces various issues, including inadequate classrooms, a lack of teaching aids, poor sanitation, and limited access to technology, which need to be addressed comprehensively. 3) The Education Office of Nabire Regency has taken significant steps to improve the quality of education through teacher training, facility improvements, curriculum adjustments, increased community participation, and scholarship programs. Although challenges remain, these efforts are expected to positively impact students' academic development in the future.
Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa: 1) Efektivitas pelayanan dan penyediaan sarana/prasarana di sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Nabire memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran. Meskipun terdapat kemajuan, tantangan seperti proses administrasi yang lambat, variasi kualitas fasilitas, kurangnya pemeliharaan, dan rendahnya keterlibatan masyarakat masih perlu diatasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya yang lebih terintegrasi dan kolaboratif untuk memastikan semua siswa mendapatkan akses ke fasilitas yang memadai dan dapat belajar dalam lingkungan yang mendukung.
Sastra Jahiliah dalam Tinjauan Islam (Analisis Unsur Adab dalam Syair dan Nasr Jahiliy Menurut Kacamata Syariat)
Authors: Rohman Siddiq Abdul
Published: February 2025

Jahiliy literature refers to the development of Arabic literature in the pre-Islamic period, which includes literary works in the form of poetry and prose that describe the cultural, adab, and moral values of Arab society at that time. This study aims to describe the elements of adab in poetry and nasr jahiliy and assess their suitability with Islamic law, considering the controversy related to the acceptance of jahiliy literary works that are considered contrary to Islamic principles. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach, where data is collected from various relevant literature sources regarding jahiliy literature and Islamic teachings. The results of the study show that although there is criticism of the practice of ignorance, some literary products contain moral values that are in line with the teachings of Islam, such as patience, courage, and peace, which are taught in the verses of Zuhair bin Abi Sulma and the sermons of Hani' bin Qabishah. In conclusion, jahiliy literature is not completely contrary to Islam, and can even be studied and taken moral values that are beneficial to the development of Islamic literature and manners..
Istoria timpurie a unui oraș contemporan. Ghiriș-Sâncrai și Ghiriș în Evul Mediu până în zorii Epocii Premoderne
Authors:   „Babeș-Bolyai” University, Faculty of History and Philosophy, Department of History in Hungarian, str. Mihail Kogălniceanu nr. 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Lupescu Makó Mária
Published: February 2025

The study revolves around the question of the formation of modern Câmpia Turzii (Aranyosgyéres), highlighting the medieval roots of the town. Today’s city has two historical components, Sâncrai (Szentkirály) and Ghiriș (Gyéres). Thus, the paper examines the history of these settlements from the Middle Ages (thirteenth century) to the dawn of the Early Modern Period (beginning of the seventeenth century). Due to the availability of sources, we can primarily discuss an exploration of the history of ownership, but at the same time, the study aims to reflect on the exploitation of the local nobility’s opportunities to assert themselves and the possibilities of maintaining contact with the central power, which in the case of Ghiriș culminated in the acquisition of market town (oppidum) status at the end of the examined period, in 1610. However, the fate-changing event opens a new era in the history of the settlement, which is the subject of a future study.
Orașele Botoșani, Hârlău, Târgu Frumos și Roman într-un plan militar din 1788
Authors:   Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sibiu, Bulevardul Victoriei 40, 550024, Sibiu, Romania, Iacob Dan Dumitru
Published: February 2025

The article aims to analyse and publish a military plan from the Russian-Austrian-Turkish War (1787–1792), referring to eight military camps from the vicinity of few towns and villages in the Principality of Moldavia, represented on the map in distinct squares. The Habsburg troops under Field Marshal Prince Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who moved from Hotin to Roman in October 1788 to occupy the winter cantonments, were temporarily encamped in these sites. Because the documentary potential of the plan can be exploited from the perspective of several research areas, we first highlighted the military context in which the plan was drawn up. We also identified the units of the Habsburg army that moved from Hotin to Roman and were temporarily stationed in the camps along the route. Secondly, with the help of narrative and cartographic sources, we detailed the route the Austrian troops travelled from Hotin to Roman. Thirdly, we analysed the topographic surveys of the areas in which the camps were established and of the localities represented on the map: Mileanca, Nicșeni, Botoșani, Flămânzi, Hârlău, Târgu Frumos, Șcheia, and Roman. As the plan is not very precise and detailed, we have tried to re-establish the area’s toponymy and highlight some structural characteristics and architectural landmarks of the localities represented in the plan.
Vechea biserică a leproșilor din Sighișoara. Schița unui plan de salvare a unui monument
Authors:   Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Bucharest, str. Academiei no. 18–20, 010014, Bucharest, Romania, Georgescu Gabriel-Valentin
Published: February 2025

The Church of the Holy Spirit is located in the former Siechhof quarter of Sighișoara in the lower part of the city, outside the defensive walls of the fortress, on the right bank of the river Târnava Mare. It still preserves its Saxon name – Siechhof, which translates as „hospital for infirm people”. The Siechhof Church takes its name from the Leprosorium, a medieval shelter for lepers. Even today, the small church „Zum Heiligen Geist” (Holy Spirit) is still called the Siechhofkirche. This church, as a monument dating from the medieval period, is evidence over the centuries of a Saxon culture specific to the area, which left its mark on a wide area of Transylvania; it can only complete the unique overall image of the city of Sighișoara. Despite its architectural value, its interesting and fascinating history, and its place in the history of Sighișoara, the Church of the Lepers undeservedly remained in the shadow. The situation of the Church of the Lepers in Sighișoara needs to be reviewed and the monument deserves a different fate. Let’s not forget the important role played in preserving the treasury of the Sighișoara fortress during the hard times of the past. Its proper restoration, a return to its origins by removing the altering elements and recovering the original architectural values, could lead to its inscription in the UNESCO World Heritage List as a special patrimony of the Transylvanian region, a material proof of an unique and unrepeatable culture, exposed to disappear in the next years, due to the exodus of the Saxon population, first in the 1950s, but especially since 1990. My article can be seen as a warning signal.
Hyphomycete Lecanicillium lecanii for plant protection from sucking pests and phytopathogens under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Scerbacova Tatiana
Published: February 2025

The hyphomycete Lecanicillium lecanii CNMN-FE-03 (2T20) exhibits high insecticidal activity against melon aphids and acaricidal activity against common spider mites in greenhouse conditions. The mortality rate of melon aphids on the 12th day at a working suspension concentration of 2×106 spores/ml was 87,1%, and at a concentration of 1×107 spores/ml – 91,1%. Acaricidal activity on the 12th day at a working suspension concentration of 2×106 spores/ml was 86,7%, at a concentration of 1×107 spores/ml – 92,8%. The hyphomycete exhibits fungicidal activity against a wide range of pathogens of fungal plant diseases. Sterile zones of 5-16 mm were formed in a dual culture with pathogens on an agar nutrient medium. The strain can be used for biological product manufacturing in order to protect plants from sucking pests and a complex of phytopathogens in a greenhouse.
Resilience of sunflower crop under biotic stress conditions
Authors: Duca Maria , Clapco Steliana , Elenciuc Daniela
Published: February 2025

Orobanche cumana Wallr., commonly known as sunflower broomrape, is a parasitic plant that severely affects sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop, causing significant production losses worldwide. This plant attaches to sunflower roots, extracting nutrients and water, leading to stunted growth and reduced seed yield. Traditional control methods, such as crop rotation and the use of genetically resistant sunflower varieties, have proven insufficient due to the adaptability and evolution of the parasite. Advances in molecular biology and genomics, such as the use of molecular markers and next-generation sequencing, facilitate the identification of qualitative and quantitative resistance genes (marker assisted selection), as well as gene pyramiding, supporting the development of resistant hybrids. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and RNA interference offer promising opportunities for creating more resistant sunflower genotypes. In addition, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms improve the efficiency of selection programs. This multidisciplinary approach is essential to control parasite and ensure sustainable sunflower production. Present review aims to summarise current knowledge and research gaps in methods to control broomrape and to develop resistance against parasitic plants.
The utilization of algal primary production by consumers in upper trophic levels
Authors: Roscov Elena , Toderas Ion , Ungureanu Laurentia , Tumanova Daria
Published: February 2025

The study presents the results of investigations regarding the use of the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 1890 and Oscillatoria amphibia C. Agardh ex Gomont 1892 as a food source for the population of Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, 1834. The results demonstrate how different concentrations of algae cultures influence the cellular reproduction parameters in Paramecium caudatum. Low concentrations of Chlorella vulgaris stimulate growth, while high concentrations of Oscillatoria amphibia have a negative effect on the paramecia population. Chlorella vulgaris can be effective in small doses to stimulate growth and short-term productivity, while Oscillatoria amphibia, in high concentrations, can negatively impact reproduction and cell division. The importance of these findings lies in understanding the use of algae as a food source for ciliates, with implications for the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems and the health of protozoan populations.
The effect of negative temperature stress on the mobilization of seed reserves for germination and early seedling growth of different maize hybrids
Authors: Caus Maria
Published: February 2025

The effect of negative temperature stress (NST) of -4°C for 16 hours applied to the seeds of 14 maize hybrids before germination on the mobilization and translocation of reserve substances from the seed endosperm to germination and seedling growth was studied. It was established that NTS had a significant impact on the endosperm mass rate (RME) consumed in the formation of a unit mass of root, epicotyl and respiration, by inhibiting the mobilization of endosperm mass in the processes of germination and seedling growth. Based on the data obtained, depending on the percentage of RME used in germination and growth, hybrids were identified with RME values: (i) ≈ 24%-27%, (ii) ≈ 15% - 17% and (iii) ≈ 5 % - 8%) lower, compared to the control.
Biological peculiarities of the species Scutellaria baicalensis in the conditions of Republic of Moldova
Authors: Nina Ciocarlan Nina
Published: February 2025

The paper refers to the study on the biological peculiarities of the medicinal species Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Chinese skullcap) under conditions, specific to Republic of Moldova. The systematic classification, botanical description and information about the therapeutic properties and benefits are presented. The seed quality indices, phenological and propagation aspects were evaluated. The local pedoclimatic conditions are favourable for the cultivation of the species S. baicalensis. From the first year of life, the plants manage to achieve all the phenological phases and the generative period culminates with the formation of viable seeds. The seeds with a storage period of 6-12 months recorded the highest germination capacity (93.4±0.88%) and germination energy of 79.0±2.07%. It is recommended the propagation of the plants in a generative way, by seeds, with seedling production and sowing directly in the field, in spring.
The collection of the genus cornus L. from the „Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (institute) of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Rosca Ion , Onica Elisaveta , Cutcovschi -Mustuc Alina , Onica Natalia
Published: February 2025

The collection of the genus Cornus L. of the National Botanical Garden (Institute) „Alexandru Ciubotaru” was completed with 5 species and 28 new non-native ornamental taxa. The researched taxa (Cornus alba ‚Elegantisima’, Cornus alba ‚Aurea’, Cornus kousa ‚Samaritan’, Cornus florida ‚Cherokee Brave’) are representatives of corn with a high degree of decorativeness in terms of habitus, crown, color of stems, leaves, fruits, duration long flowering, fruiting being determining criteria in landscape art. They are resistant to drought, frost, frost, they do not require special care, only training cuts and compliance with the technology throughout the vegetation period. They are used in the arrangement of green spaces in the foreground in small groups, in border mixes and hedges of different heights.
The floristic diversity in the Cahul urban ecosystem
Authors: Certan Corina , Grabco Nadejda , Florenta Veronica
Published: February 2025

The floristic study of urban ecosystems at the current stage of development of human society is determined by the process of urbanization, which intensified starting from the 2nd - half of the 20th century. The process of formation of urbocenoses influences the structure and composition of the region vegetation, reduces the number of species, species with a narrow ecological range disappear, non-indigenous species show their invasive nature, etc. The floristic diversity of the Cahul urban ecosystem, which is part of the steppe zone of the Southern Plain, district Bugeacului Steppe, indicates, that the flora of this ecosystem differs radically from the typical spontaneous zonal flora of the steppes. The present article consists in the study and analysis of biological indices, biomorphs, geoelements, ecological groups in relation to the humidity factor, the trophicity of the vascular flora in the Cahul city. The major groups according to floristic diversity are represented by the families Asteraceae and Poaceae, whose dominant position was also established in other urban ecosystems in the Republic of Moldova.
Sustainable management of biodiversity in the emerald site „Pădurea Hâncești”
Authors: Liogchii Nina , Brasoveanu Valeriu , Fasola Regina , Motelica Liliana
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of the assessment of the state of biological diversity and the quality of environmental factors (air, soil) from the ecosystems of the Emerald Site „Pădurea Hâncești”. The study was based on field and laboratory research. As a result, it was found that the Emerald Site „Pădurea Hâncești” includes favorable natural habitats for valuable species of flora and fauna with national and international protection status. The soil in the Site’s ecosystems is not subject to the risk of nutrient insufficiency for vegetation and heavy metal toxicity for plants and soil organisms. The level of the external gamma radiological fund does not exceed the admissible limits. Based on the obtained results, the managerial actions for the sustainable conservation of biological diversity in the Emerald Site „Pădurea Hâncești” are formulated.
Estimation of the attractive properties of pheromonal and light traps for seasonal monitoring of the invasive species Halyomorpha halys stal
Authors: Rusu Iuliana , Zavatin Maria , Nastas Tudor , Nemerenco Olesea , Gorban Victor
Published: February 2025

Brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys is one of the most difficult pests to fight because of it’s high mobility and polyphagous feeding behavior, which allows it to be quickly to colonize new territories. Effective monitoring of populations of this pest is an important task for agronomists and conservation professionals environment. The light trap monitoring method has it’s advantages and the limitations associated with sensitivity to external factors such as lighting, weather conditions, physiological features of the species being attracted and others. Analysis of the data obtained shows that the light trap is less effective for seasonal monitoring of Halyomorpha halys stink bug, compared to pheromones traps. At the same time, the use of aggregation pheromones in as a monitoring tool for Halyomorpha halys is a promising alternative approach. Pheromones can be provide high accuracy in detecting and attracting insects, which makes their potential is more effective than traditional methods.
Historiographical landmarks on the research of natural conditions and resources of the southern region of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Revenco Adelina
Published: February 2025

An important role in the economic evolution of countries or regions of theworldisplayedbydevelopmentpolicieselaborated at state or regional level. Their quality dependsto a largeextent on thescientificsupport made availabletoexperts. The Republic of Moldova hasadoptedthelaw on regional developmentand as a resulthasbeendividedintosix administrative units. At thecurrentstage, their economic growthisuneven. In ordertoensurethe economic growth of alldevelopmentregions, fundamental research of thefactorsinfluencingtheincrease of economic efficiencyisnecessary. The presentresearchcomestoidentifytheworksthathavefocused on the regional development of the Republic of Moldova, aspects of physico-geographicalconditionsandthedegree of insurancewith natural resources, etc. in ordertoidentifythelessresearchedareasandincreasethelevel of insurancewithinformationalsupport of the administrative structures of level I and II in the Republic.
Development of a neural network model architecture for personalized insulin dosage calculation in type I diabetes
Authors: Usic Ghenadie , Profir Aurelia
Published: February 2025

Type I diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin hormone deficiency in the body, requiring patients to rely on external administration of this hormone for survival. Additionally, blood glucose monitoring and precise insulin dose calculation are essential aspects in managing this disease. The current research proposes an approach that uses machine learning techniques to optimize and personalize insulin dose calculations for patients with type I diabetes. The developed model is based on neural networks and has been trained using pharmacodynamic profiles and a simulated dataset. The research was conducted over a period of two months, focusing on adapting the algorithm to individual patient characteristics to improve blood glucose level management.
Infestation of geese (anser anser domesticus L.) from the Republic of Moldova with ectoparasites
Authors: Zamornea Maria , Erhan Dumitru , Rusu Stefan , Gliga Olesea
Published: February 2025

From geese (Anser anser domesticus L.) from the Republic of Moldova, 249 biological samples were collected. Was established, their infestation with 8 species of malophages ((Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus, 1758), Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), Anatoecus adustus (Nitzsch in Giebel, 1874), Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818), Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763), Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758), Menopon obscurum (Piaget, 1880), Lipeurus caponis (Linneus, 1758)), one species of gamasid mites (Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) and one species of argasid ticks (Argas persicus (Oken,1818)). Of the species established in geese, one species of mite (Lipeurus caponis) is common to domestic and wild Gallinaceae, 2 species of mites: Argas percicus - parasitizes wild and domestic gallinaceae, and the species Dermanyssus gallinae - is common to several species of domestic, wild birds and mammals, including humans.
Effects of dietary intervention on sports performance in an athlete with leaky gut syndrome - a case study
Authors: Ratea Camelia , Socianu Adriana-Daniela
Published: February 2025

This case study explores the impact of nutritional intervention on sports performance and intestinal health in a young athlete diagnosed with leaky gut syndrome. The primary objective was to evaluate changes in biological parameters associated with intestinal permeability, such as zonulin, vitamin D3, serum iron, and ferritin, following a personalized gluten- and dairy-free diet supplemented with functional foods and nutraceuticals. The study involved monitoring an 11-year-old performance athlete over a period of 2.5 years. The results indicated significant improvements in serum vitamin D3 levels and a steady reduction in fecal zonulin, suggesting improved intestinal permeability. Consistent increases in serum iron and pyruvate reflected optimization of nutritional and metabolic status, supporting more efficient physical recovery and enhanced athletic performance. This study demonstrates the crucial role of personalized dietary interventions in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and supporting the healthy development of young athletes.
Influence of processing conditions on antioxidant content in Fructus Rosae
Authors: Grigoras Carolina , Blonschi Vladislav , Duca Gheorghe , Nica Simona
Published: February 2025

Rosehip fruits or Fructus Rosae is a medicinal plant product rich in vitamins (A, B, C, D and E), minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, S, Si and Se), polyphenols and has a high antioxidant capacity, but the biggest disadvantage of vitamin C, extracted from plant products, is that it decomposes easily under the influence of oxygen, light, processing and storage conditions due to the ascorbinase ferment. The optimal temperature regime and shape of rosehip fruits has been determined to maintain a high content of vitamin C and other antioxidants, responsible for the biological activity of the medicinal plant product. It has been established that the optimal temperature regime necessary for the deactivation of ascorbinase is 60°C for 30 minutes, also the form of the whole product or powder does not essentially affect the antioxidant activity demonstrated by the ABTS method of both forms.
IN CONVERSATION: TELEVISION AND GOVERNANCE
Authors: Weissmann David Levente Palatinus and Elke
Published: February 2025

Trump is back in office, letting Elon Musk loose and apparently giving in to Russia’s demands as far as Ukraine is concerned, all the while looking to see if he can get access to Ukraine’s minerals. Climate mitigating legislation has been and will be slashed further, while Ulrich Merz, newly elected Chancellor of Germany, is calling for greater European defence spending: these are troubling times.
The principle of constitutionality and legality and the interrelationship between the Republic and Federal constitutional systems under the 1963 constitution of the SFRY
Authors: Arlović Mato
Published: February 2025

The 1963 Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: SFRY) accepted and regulated a considerable number of new solutions aimed at implementing ideas, values and goals of a self-governing socialist society. One of these novelties is expressed through the content of the principle of constitutionality and legality of legal acts, in particular by regulating their relationship as part of the republican and federal constitutional legal system. This is a completely new approach to the standardisation of constitutionality and legality in the relationship between republican and federal laws and, in particular, in the relationship between their constitutions. Their analysis undoubtedly leads us to the conclusion that by norming the principle of constitutionality and legality in this way, the legislator intended to express, on the one hand, the constitutional autonomy of the socialist republics and, on the other hand, their interconnectedness within and through the framework of the federal constitutional system. It was precisely with this institutionalised principle of constitutionality and legality that the drafters of the Constitution intended to express, on the one hand, the constitutional autonomy, statehood and sovereignty of the socialist republics within the federal state and, on the other hand, their interconnectedness through the federal constitutional legal system, which was to be the legal expression of social relations based on the values, needs and interests not only of the working class throughout the SFRY but also of its constitutive socialistic republics and their citizens. The new constitutional regulation of the principle of constitutionality and legality, followed by the institutionalisation of constitutional judiciary, the guarantee of human rights and freedoms and their protection before the Constitutional Court, place the 1963 SFRY Constitution in the modern constitutions of the third type (in Sweet's sense) governing a modern constitutional state. How is the principle of constitutionality and legality normatively regulated? What constitutional and other relations did it establish between the legal acts (including the constitution) of the republics and the federal state? What are its drawbacks? In this paper I will try to provide possible answers to all these questions. Of course, without the intention of making them complete and universally accepted. Rather, in this paper I would like to take up this topic because it deserves this, not only out of academic curiosity, but also because of the current political and legal requirements arising from the new European integrations.
Biomarkers of menopause
Authors: Jovičić Snežana , Plebani Mario
Published: February 2025

Natural menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity. This significant phase in women's reproductive aging has notable effects on fat distribution, dyslipidemia, and neurodegeneration. These changes contribute to an increased risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease as women age. Estimating the age at which natural menopause will occur is crucial for cancer survivors, women with a family history of premature ovarian insufficiency or early menopause, and those delaying their first pregnancy. Additionally, the timing of natural menopause is an important clinical indicator of longevity and a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Beyond age and menstrual cycle characteristics, biomarkers related to menopause are essential for confirming its onset and predicting its premature occurrence.
Osteoporosis and reproductive health
Authors: Ristovski-Kornic Danijela , Matejić Mirela
Published: February 2025

Osteoporosis is a prevalent issue among menopausal women; however, the number of women with risk factors across all age groups is increasing. This trend can lead to the development of osteopenia or osteoporosis at a younger age, significantly impacting women's physical, emotional, and mental well-being. This review aims to evaluate the current literature on the prevalence of osteoporosis and its most common risk factors among women across all age groups. It serves as an updated reference for readers, helping to understand the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, diagnostic methods, and the role of medications and lifestyle in its prevention. Some authors suggest that the dominant mechanism of bone mass loss is slowed osteoblastic bone formation, while others highlight increased breakdown of the bone matrix as the more prominent mechanism of skeletal damage, depending on the underlying cause of osteoporosis. Increased bone fragility and a higher tendency towards pathological fractures significantly impact both the quality of life and life expectancy in women. Therefore, it is recommended that osteological screening and fracture risk assessment become a mandatory component of individualized care for women across all age groups. The focus of women's bone health care has shifted from postmenopausal treatment to preventative care.
The managerial art of transfer pricing: Understanding its commercial and financial implications
Authors: Džudović Nataša , Malinić Dejan
Published: February 2025

Achieving superior results compared to those that would have been achieved in independent business activities, as a common goal of connecting independent legal entities, requires decision-makers to identify sources of value in the global market. The paper explores two mechanisms that parent companies can use in pursuit of satisfactory financial results. Firstly, having a greater number of alternatives in making business decisions related to sales in the internal/external markets, defining internal prices, controlling and allocating costs, managing capacity, etc. And secondly, utilizing sources of competitive advantage based on exposure to financing sources that wouldn't be available in independent operations, whether they are reflected in the possibility of internal financing or access to additional external sources. Given that the parent company plays a key role in decision-making (at the level of individual companies and at the level of the economic group), the question arises as to what additional sources of value are available because of integrated operations, and whether their quantification has a measurable impact on the financial performance of the group. In this sense, transfer pricing, which is the focus of our analysis, plays an important role and represents an attractive research area. The key objective of this paper is to examine the impact of commercial and financial aspects of transfer pricing on the performance of economic groups operating in the territory of the Republic of Serbia in 2022, based on the consolidated result of the group and the individual result of the parent company, using a cross-sectional study.
Generative AI: A new general-purpose technology for growth and research
Authors: Vujović Dušan
Published: February 2025

Building on the review of the explosive achievements of Generative AI in its breakout year 2023 in our previous paper [52], this paper focuses on continued AI developments in 2024, its impact on growth, economic research, and the design and conduct of macroeconomic policy. GenAI has matured to become a true general-purpose technology of the new industrial revolution. The promise of Generative AI has moved from the 2023 hype phase of experimental applications to practical implementation and tangible results based on improved model capabilities, personalized content, energy efficiency, and autonomous agents focused on results. Improved model capabilities, driven by the further development of large LLM-based models and multimodal applications done by specialized AI companies, are now accompanied by the proliferation of small language models customized to company-specific processes and product needs. The year 2024 brought a significant development of "generative agents," which autonomously perform complex tasks and deliver desired results in legal and financial market services. As a transformative technology, AI has a significant impact on economic growth, research, and policymaking. It enhances productivity through automation, improves decision-making, and faster innovation. It can simulate economic scenarios, predict macroeconomic variables, and generate new hypotheses for research and policy design. Key areas for future research include labor markets, capital allocation and inequality. The fast progress of GenAI poses challenges (job displacement, algorithmic bias, and ethical concerns) and necessitates balanced policy interventions. Ethical dimensions, particularly bias and accountability in algorithmic decision-making, are critical for ensuring that AI benefits society. Policy recommendations include ensuring the equitable distribution of AI benefits, providing equal access to AI technologies, reducing the digital divide, investing in digital infrastructure, AI literacy and reskilling, and establishing robust ethical frameworks. Policies to promote inclusive growth, adapt to changing labor markets, and ensure transparent and accountable AI deployment would allow governments to harness GenAI potential while safeguarding societal well-being.
Senescence: Definition, mechanisms of occurence and detection in tissues
Authors: Mijajlović Vladimir , de Luka , Manojlović-Gačić Emilija
Published: February 2025

A cellular senescence represents a state, which is defined as a stable blockage of the cellular cycle in the G1 phase, as an answer to multiple triggers and their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Alongside the blockage of the cellular cycle, the cellular senescence process is very dynamic. The process includes different morphological and intracellular changes, gene expression changes, epigenetic modification, macromolecular damages, cellular metabolism deregulation and the appearance of complex proinflammation secretory phenotype, which is a powerful modulator and contributor in many biochemical processes, not only in senescent cells but also in their neighboring areas. Cellular senescence may have, next to the already mentioned autocrine, also a paracrine effect on the close and more distant surroundings. In past decades, in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, physiological and pathological influences of cellular senescence, on numerous processes in the human body, have been proven and documented. In particular, oncogene-induced cellular senescence (under in vitro conditions), has shown significant influence of this process on the suppression of tumorigenesis. Cellular senescence does not only suppress proliferation and promotion of tumour cells, but it also facilitates their removal through the process of immunological surveillance. In case immunological surveillance is not successful, senescent cells may lead to the state of chronic inflammation of the microenvironment (through different biochemical processes), which leads to the initiation of tumor formation, and later migration, angiogenesis, and final metastasis and implementation of tumor cells in remote parts of the human body. Next to all mentioned, cellular senescence may be initiated as an answer to a genotoxic stress, caused by the received therapy. Therefore, detection of senescence cells after the therapy, together with their monitoring is a key step to early detection of premalignant events, as well as to the application of adequate preventive and early therapeutic protocols.
History of gonadotropin use in controlled ovarian stimulation in process of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Radaković-Ćosić Jovana , Miković Željko , Perović Milan
Published: February 2025

Gonadotropins are essential hormones for the reproductive health of women. This mini-review paper aims to provide historical facts related to developing and applying gonadotropins in reproductive medicine. The chronology of discoveries from the first hCG test and the isolated hormones FSH and LH up to synthesizing recombinant FSH drugs is presented. Knowledge of the history of the development of commercial gonadotropins, which are used nowadays in the process of in vitro fertilization, allows us to comprehend the complexity of human reproduction procedures and provides an incentive for the occurrence of new technologically advanced methods that include the application of genetic engineering.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms among medical students at the University of Belgrade: Detection and association with sociodemographic characteristics, academic achievements and loneliness
Authors: Kojović Natalija , Joković Nikola , Mandić-Maravić Vanja , Marić Nađa
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder with a typical childhood onset. Mental disorders, social difficulties and dysfunctionality are maintained in adulthood, but they can also be resolved. To detect ADHD symptoms in the adult population, appropriate instruments have been developed and they haven't yet been applied to students in Serbia. Aim: To find the prevalence of positive detection of ADHD symptoms among medical students and the association with sociodemographic characteristics, academic achievements and loneliness. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine by distributing a questionnaire online. In the first part of the questionnaire, data on the socio-demographic and academic characteristics were collected. To detect ADHD symptoms in adults, assess the personal perception of social status, and evaluate loneliness, the ASRS-v1.1, Scale of Subjective Social Status, and Hughes' Loneliness Scale were used, which comprised the second part of the questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: The sample consisted of n = 404 students of all years of the university (age 18-30 years). A total of 21.7% of the students had positive detection of ADHD symptoms. Among those with positive detection, the average academic grade was 8.5 ± 0.8, while in the negative group, it was 8.7 ± 0.7 (p = 0.009). Students with a positive detection were lonelier (p < 0.001). The following symptoms had the highest predictive power for a positive detection: difficulty paying attention when doing a boring task, trouble concentrating during conversations/ interactions with people, difficulty finding things, or losing them, and excessive socializing. Conclusion: This study provides an initial insight into the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in a convenience sample of the student population at the University of Belgrade. The presented results help to identify and better understand the difficulties faced by some students and to seek appropriate methods to alleviate their condition.
Changes in the density of astrocytes in the brain of rats caused by a single prolonged stress
Authors: Ivaz Sava , Stojković Tihomir , Petronijević Nataša
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic syndrome caused by a traumatic stressful event. Numerous patients do not respond to conventional therapy, which shows that the pathogenetic mechanisms of PTSD are insufficiently known. It is associated with anxiety, memory impairment, increased fear, and loss of hippocampal volume. Few studies have examined the role of glial cells in PTSD, while recent findings suggest that astrocyte pathology may be a feature of the disorder. Single prolonged stress (PPS) is an animal model of PTSD consisting of mechanical restraint, forced swimming, and ether anesthesia until the tail reflex is lost. Aim: To compare the density of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus, CA 1/2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the brains of rats exposed to SPS compared to the control group. Material and methods: Wistar rats (n = 5) were exposed to PPS and sacrificed after 7 days in comparison with control animals (n = 5). The density of astrocytes was determined by immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). SSPS was used for statistical analysis. Results: The density of GFAP+ astrocytes in the hippocampus of rats exposed to PPS was statistically significantly reduced compared to the control group in the CA1/2 (p < 0.01) and GD (p < 0.05) regions, while no significant difference was observed in the CA3 region. The density of GFAP+ astrocytes was statistically significantly lower in mPFC region of rat brains treated by SPS compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results indicate that SPS leads to a significant reduction in the density of astrocytes in the hippocampus and mPFC, which suggests that changes in astrocytes may play a role in the development of morphological and functional disorders triggered by PTSD. Understanding the role of astrocytes in PTSD may contribute to the development of new potential targets for the treatment of the disease.
A concrete memory between Yugoslavia and Italy: The Barletta's Memorial Ossuary of fallen Yugoslav partisans
Authors: Toniato Enrico
Published: February 2025

Memorial monuments from the Socialist Yugoslav era have recently gained international attention. These monuments, local expression of the International Modernism of the latter half of the twentieth century, play a key role in the construction of historical and collective memory. Among them stands the Memorial Ossuary to the Fallen Yugoslav Soldiers, built in Barletta in 1970: a circular complex designed by sculptor Dušan Džamonja characterized by concrete pillars, each standing over 11 meters tall. This monument exemplifies how Italy has embraced the Yugoslavian Monuments to the People's Liberation War phenomenon, symbolizing the collaborative spirit between Italy and Yugoslavia after World War II. Rooted in diplomatic history, the monument emerged from agreements addressing the repatriation of fallen soldiers' remains, setting a precedent for related sites like the Gonars Memorial, the Sansepolcro Memorial, and the Prima Porta Memorial. Today, we are facing pressing challenges in the preservation of these monuments. Structural decay and safety concerns prompt critical discussions on how best to approach their conservation. The symbolic significance as sites of memory is juxtaposed with the urgent need for preservation, underscoring the delicate balance between honouring the past and safeguarding the future.