bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rites and Music, China
Authors: Rom Avital H.
Published: December 2022

The term “rites and music” refers to the intertwined systems of state‐governed ceremonies and musical performances, the correct management of which was perceived by Chinese intellectuals throughout the centuries as a tool for governing the elite and ordering the state. Each of these systems – that of rites and that of music – can individually be defined as a type of cultural and social behavior, which can accurately reflect, as well as strongly affect, human dispositions. The concept of an institutionalized “rites and music” system became prominent in the political discussions of the Warring States period (453–221bce), which attributed its establishment to the Duke of Zhou (r. 1042–1035bce). It has come to stand as a trademark of Confucian political thought, and a symbol of Chinese culture, civilization, and history.
Crosstalk‐Free Mesa‐Etched Passive‐Matrix Microscale Light‐Emitting Diode Array Using Yttrium‐Iron Garnet P‐Type Resistive‐Switching Electrodes
Authors: Kim Jun Young , Lee Ho Jin , Son Kyung Rock , Yu Min Ji , Hong Seok Hee , Kim Tae Geun
Published: December 2022

Microscale light‐emitting diodes (µLEDs) have ushered in a new era of small‐sized high‐resolution displays by integrating numerous microscale pixels within a limited panel area. However, to realize passive‐matrix‐based high‐resolution µLED displays, it is important to prevent image diffusion (crosstalk) between the pixels. Herein, p‐type resistive‐switching (RS) electrodes are introduced in a mesa‐etched passive‐matrix‐based µLED array structure to block electrical interference between adjacent pixels and eliminate cross‐talk. To distinguish between addressed and unaddressed pixels in the µLED array structure, the resistance state of the RS electrode is modulated from low (52 Ω) to high (1.2 × 107 Ω). Moreover, the RS electrode exhibits a high on/off ratio (106), good retention (105 s), and stable endurance (104 cycles). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the switching mechanism in the RS electrodes is achieved by the generation and annihilation of oxygen vacancies in the conductive path. Consequently, the fabricated µLEDs with RS electrodes exhibit a 93.1% higher electroluminescence intensity and 95.3% higher light output power compared to a reference device fabricated through combined mesa‐ and isolation‐etching.
Highly Linear and Symmetric Analog Neuromorphic Synapse Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor Transistors with Self‐Assembled Monolayer for High‐Precision Neural Network Computation
Authors: Park Seongmin , Seong Suwon , Jeon Gilsu , Ji Wonjae , Noh Kyungmi , Kim Seyoung , Chung Yoonyoung
Published: December 2022

This work presents an analog neuromorphic synapse device consisting of two oxide semiconductor transistors for high‐precision neural networks. One of the two transistors controls the synaptic weight by charging or discharging the storage node, which leads to a conductance change in the other transistor. The programmed weight maintains for more than 300 s as electrons in the storage node are well preserved due to the extremely low off current of the oxide transistor. Ideal synaptic behaviors are achieved by utilizing superior properties of oxide transistors such as a high on/off ratio, low off current, and large‐area uniformity. To further improve the synaptic performance, self‐assembled monolayer treatment is applied for reducing the transistor conductance. The reduction of on current reduces the power consumption, and the reduced off current improves the retention characteristics. There is no noticeable decrease in simulated neural network accuracy even when the measured device‐to‐device variation is intentionally increased by 200%, indicating the possibility of large‐array operation with the synapse device.
Low‐Voltage, High‐Performance, Indium‐Tin‐Zinc‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Dual‐Channel and Anodic‐Oxide
Authors: Jin Jidong , Lin Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiawei , Lee Jeongho , Xiao Zhenyuan , Lee Soobin , Kim Jaekyun
Published: December 2022

Oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with low‐voltage operation, excellent device performance, and bias stability are highly desirable for portable and wearable electronics. Here, the development of low‐voltage indium‐tin‐zinc‐oxide (ITZO) TFTs with excellent device performance and bias stability based on a dual‐channel layer and an anodic‐oxide dielectric layer are reported. An ultra‐thin anodic AlxOy film as a gate dielectric layer is prepared using an anodization process. The dual‐channel layer consists of an oxygen‐uncompensated channel layer and an oxygen‐compensated capping layer. It is confirmed that the dual‐channel structure is effective for enhancing device performance and bias stability in comparison with the single‐channel structure. As a result, the dual‐channel ITZO TFT gated with anodic AlxOy exhibits an effective saturation mobility of 12.56 cm2 Vs−1, a threshold voltage of 0.28 V, a subthreshold swing of 76 mV dec−1, a low‐voltage operation of 1 V, and good operational stability (threshold voltage shift (ΔVTH) < −0.03 V under a negative gate bias stress and ΔVTH < 0.15 under positive gate bias stress of 3600 s). The work shows that the ITZO TFTs, based on a dual‐channel layer and an anodic‐oxide gate dielectric layer, have great potential for low‐power, portable, and wearable electronics.
Inorganic Halide Perovskite Electromagnetic Wave Absorption System with Ultra‐Wide Absorption Bandwidth and High Thermal‐Stability
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Xiong Ziming , Yao Yao , Shi Xiaomin , Zhang Pin , Yang Zhiqian , Zhao Qing , Zhou Wenke
Published: December 2022

Halogen perovskite, a novel semiconductor material that has gained momentum in the energy sector, has also emerged in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) protection. Inorganic halogen perovskites are expected to perform well owing to their excellent stability and dielectric properties. In this study, a CsPbBr3/Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite is designed using a convenient antisolvent method. In addition to an ultrawide absorption bandwidth (5.56 GHz) and ultrahigh absorption strength (|Reflection loss| = 51.74 dB), the composite shows excellent thermal stability and environmental tolerance. In an air environment, its EMW‐absorbing performance can be maintained at a high level at a temperature below 400 °C. CNTs build an efficient conductive network between CsPbBr3 to enhance the conduction loss of the composite, while it brings more defects and vacancies to the surface of CsPbBr3 to form electrical polarization centers which improving the polarization loss of the composite. This is the first study of the application of inorganic halogen perovskites in the field of EMW absorption. The excellent EMW‐absorbing performance and stability of CsPbBr3/CNTs demonstrate the great potential of inorganic halogen perovskites in the field of EMW absorption and provide a valuable reference and feasible strategy for regulating and controlling the EMW‐absorbing performance of perovskite materials.
Hydride Transfer for NADH Regeneration: From Nature, Beyond Nature
Authors: Wang Wenshuo , Liu Jian
Published: December 2022

The transfer of energy through hydrides is of particular significance in the biocatalysis field. In nature, some enzymes proceed the cascaded hydride transfers via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) with high selectivity in mild conditions. Moreover, chemical strategies are developed to transfer hydrides in vitro for NADH regeneration, which often require noble metals as mediators to promote the regioselectivity of NADH reduction to bioactive 1,4‐NADH. Recently, the Mo3+ hydride generated in amorphous molybdenum sulfide under cathodic potential can work for selective hydrogenation of NAD+ to 1,4‐NADH, opening promising prospects for sustainable biocatalysis.
Siblings with profound connective tissue disease: First report of biallelic TGFBR1‐related Loeys‐Dietz syndrome
Authors: Starr Lois Janelle , Lindsay Mark Evan , Lino Cardenas Christian lacks , Yetman Anji T.
Published: December 2022

Heterozygous missense variants in TGFBR1, encoding one subunit of the transforming growth factor‐beta receptor, are a well‐established cause of Loeys‐Dietz syndrome (LDS)—an autosomal dominant disorder with variable phenotypic expression. Patients with LDS have compromised connective tissues that can result in life‐threatening arterial aneurysms, craniosynostosis, characteristic craniofacial and skeletal anomalies, skin translucency, and abnormal wound healing. We report a full sibship with a biallelic type of TGFBR1‐related disease. Each born at 38 weeks had aortic root dilation, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), skin translucency, and profound joint laxity at birth. Both had progressive dilation of the aorta and recurrence of a diaphragmatic defect after plication early in infancy. Patient 1 died at 66 days of age and Patient 2 is alive at 4 years and 4 months of age with multiple morbidities including cystic lung disease complicated by recurrent pneumothoraces and ventilator dependence, craniosynostosis, cervical spine instability, progressive dilation of the aorta, worsening pectus excavatum, large lateral abdominal wall hernia, and diffuse aortic ectasia. Fibroblasts cultured from Patient 2 showed decreased TGF‐β responsiveness when compared to control fibroblasts, consistent with previous observations in cells from individuals with autosomal dominant LDS. Whole genome copy number evaluation and sequencing for both patients including their parents as reference revealed compound heterozygous variants of uncertain clinical significance in exon 2 of TGFBR1 (c.239G>A; p.Arg80Gln paternal and c.313C>G; p.His105Asp maternal) in both siblings in trans. Each parent with their respective variant has no apparent medical issues and specifically no LDS characteristics. Neither of these variants have been previously reported. Thousands of patients have been diagnosed with LDS—an established autosomal dominant disease. These siblings represent the first reports of biallelic TGFBR1‐related LDS and expand the differential diagnosis of CDH.
GSH‐Responsive Dnase‐I‐Loaded MnOxNanoplatforms for Combined Protein‐Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Xu Zhongsheng , Zhang Liang , Sun Tao , Zhou Chunyu , Xiao Shilin , Yin Hong , Gong Mingfu , Zhang Dong , Liu Yun
Published: December 2022

The effective delivery of protein therapeutics remains a major challenge. Here, the novel nanoplatforms with bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐coated, Dnase‐1‐loaded MnOxnanoflowers are developed (denominated MD@BSA). These MD@BSA nanoplatforms present a highly efficient protein loading and effective delivery Dnase‐I into tumor cells. Under the glutathione (GSH) overexpression environment, MD@BSA is degradable, resulting in Dnase‐1 and Mn2+release for combining protein therapeutics and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and the GSH‐responsive MR imaging in vivo and vitro that could be used to trace and evaluate the severity of tumor for therapeutic regimen adjustment. This method offers a facile and GSH‐responsive strategy for both delivering proteins and enhanced treatment effect via combined protein‐CDT, which may contribute to the clinical application of protein therapeutics in the future.
Monometallic complexes of novel dihydrazone‐oxime ligand: Synthesis, structure, spectral, DFT, and in vitro bioactivity investigation against fungal, bacterial, and tumor cells
Authors: Ebrahium Mohamad M. , Ebrahium Adel M.
Published: December 2022

In the current study, uni‐metallic Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ complexes of ONN‐tridentate dihydrazone‐oxime incorporating indolin‐2‐one moiety (HL,1) were synthesized and structurally characterized employing elemental, spectral, thermo‐gravimetric, magnetic, and molar conductivity measurements, to investigate the structure and composition of these new uni‐metallic complexes. According to the results of several analyses, the dihydrazone‐oxime behaved as a mono‐negative or neutral tridentate ONN chelator bound the metal cations in molar ratio (1M:1L) through the isatinic carbonylic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, and nitrogen atom of deprotonated/protonated oximatic moiety forming uni‐metallic complexes with formulae [M(L)XYZ(H2O)].nH2O (where M = Cu2+ (2–4), Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Zn2+, X = Cl, CH3COO, or NO3, Y = H2O or 0, Z = H2O or 0, n = 2, 0) and [Cu (HL)(SO4)(H2O)]. The Cu2+ complexes were found to have a tetragonally distorted octahedral or square pyramidal geometry, whereas those of Mn2+, and Ni2+, exhibited a tetrahedral geometry but Co2+ complex demonstrated a distorted octahedral geometry. Based on DFT‐B3LYP technique and 6‐311G++(d,p) basis set, The DFT data confirmed the structural investigation of dihydrazone‐oxime and its complexes, revealing that the complexes reactivity is more than un‐complexed dihydrazone‐oxime. Moreover, quantum chemical parameters of dihydrazone‐oxime and its uni‐metallic complexes like the energies of both lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), separation energy (ΔE = ELUMO − EHOMO), chemical potential, absolute electronegativity, absolute hardness, and absolute softness were obtained. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, the complexes breakdown in two to four disintegrating phases in range of temperature 25°C to 575°C leaving the oxide of metal or metal oxide contaminated with carbon. In vitro microbicide effect of the un‐complexed dihydrazone‐oxime and its uni‐metallic complexes toward various bacterial and fungal strains was tested by agar‐well diffusion method. It is demonstrated that the complexes are more effective than free dihydrazone‐oxime. The antitumor activity has been also analyzed against three cell lines including prostate adenocarcinoma (PC‐3), ovarian adenocarcinoma (SKOV3), and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines. Studies showed that all complexes have greater inhibition activity against the above three cell lines than the free dihydrazone oxime and the most effective compound was the Zn2+ complex (9) with IC50, 27.42, 35.16, and 46.77 μg/ml, respectively.
The Enediolate Chemistry of Free Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Yang , Hu Haipeng
Published: December 2022

The synthetic methodologies for the α‐functionalization of free carboxylic acids through the enediolate intermediates are summarized in this review. In general, the enediolates could be generated in situ or transiently from free carboxylic acids with a stoichiometric or catalytic amount of protection reagents, including metal, boron, and silicon reagents. The in situ or transient generated enediolates were subsequently subjected to racemic or asymmetric reactions with various electrophiles, producing the α‐functionalized free carboxylic acids in a single step. In addition, the enediolate could undergo an α‐oxidation reaction with TEMPO through the radical process.
Weak Electrostatic Interactions with Bisphosphine Ligands Facilitate Reductive Elimination of PhCF3 from Pd(II) Complexes
Authors: Gao Han , Hu Lingfei , Hu Yanlei , Lv Xiangying , Wu Yan‐Bo , Lu Gang
Published: December 2022

The origins of ligand effects on PhCF3 reductive elimination from PdII complexes were computationally investigated by using energy decomposition analysis. The results indicate weak electrostatic interactions between ligands and Ph−Pd−CF3 lead to small barriers of PhCF3 reductive elimination. Two major factors affecting the electrostatic interactions are identified.
Use of computational toxicology models to predict toxicological points of departure: A case study with triazine herbicides
Authors: Silva Marilyn , Kwok Ryan Kin‐Hin
Published: December 2022

Background

Atrazine simazine and propazine, widely used triazine herbicides on food crops and in residential areas, disrupt the neuroendocrine system raising human health concerns. USEPA developed a PBPK model based on triazine common Mode of Action (MOA)—suppression of luteinizing hormone surge in female rats—to generate human regulatory points of departure (POD: mg/kg/day). We compared triazine Human Administered Equivalent Dose (AEDHuman mg/kg/day) predictions from open access computational tools to the PBPK PODs to assess concordance.

Methods

Computational tools were the following: ToxCast/Tox21 in vitro assays; Toxicogenomic databases to assess concordance with ToxCast/Tox21 targets; integrated chemical environment (ICE) models with ToxCast/Tox21 inputs to predict AEDHuman PODs and population‐based age‐refined high throughput toxicokinetics (HTTK‐Pop) to compare to age‐related PBPK PODs.

Results

ToxCast/Tox21 assays identified critical targets in the triazine common MOA and gene databases; ICE AEDHuman predictions were mainly concordant with the USEPA PBPK PODs quantitatively. Low fold‐differences between PBPK POD and ICE AEDHuman predictions indicated that the ICE models are health‐protective. HTTK‐Pop age‐refinements were within 10‐fold of the USEPA PBPK PODs.

Conclusions

CompTox tools were used to identify assay targets in the MOA and identify potential molecular initiating targets in the adverse outcome pathway for potential use in risk assessment.
Identifying symptomatic adverse events using the patient‐reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion mutations
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Jean‐Baptiste Milenka , Lenderking William R. , Bell Jill A. , Revicki Dennis A. , Lin Huamao M. , Brake Rachael , Reeve Bryce B.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Tolerability and safety of treatments are important in oncology trials and should be informed by patient assessments. We identified the most relevant patient‐reported symptomatic adverse events (AEs) to measure in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations.

Methods

This study selected relevant symptomatic AEs from 78 AEs available in the Patient‐Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO‐CTCAE) measurement system. Initially, symptomatic AEs were selected based on literature and product labeling reviews, and then core sets of symptomatic AEs were identified by patient and clinician interviews. Qualitative and descriptive analyses were performed using the data collected from three iterative rounds of patient interviews.

Results

During concept elicitation interviews involving 29 patients, 12 symptomatic AEs were identified and were then adapted into a 25‐item PRO‐CTCAE form for use in future clinical trials along with commonly used PRO measures. Cognitive interviews showed that the PRO‐CTCAE items were easy to answer and appropriate for assessing the patients' experience with symptomatic AEs. This study also assessed disease symptoms, impacts, and overall patient experience.

Conclusions

The 25‐item PRO‐CTCAE form captures the most relevant symptomatic AEs in this patient population, and it is available for future studies. Baseline characterization of AEs associated with this distinct patient group contributes to our broader knowledge about NSCLC and through platforms like Project Patient Voice will expand our understanding of treatment tolerability and safety for NSCLC. Ultimately, this data collection will help inform decision‐making for patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and regulators.
Association between peripheral blood cytopenia and cancer mortality: A race‐specific risk factor for cancer death
Authors: Adrianzen‐Herrera Diego A. , Koh Insu , Gangaraju Radhika , Akinyemiju Tomi , Zakai Neil A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Cytopenia is associated with cancer through mechanisms including clonal hematopoiesis and chronic inflammation. Cytopenia is more prevalent in Black people but its relationship with racial disparities in cancer mortality is unknown.

Methods

Cytopenia was defined in 19,028 Black and White participants recruited between 2003 and 2007 for the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort, based on age‐, sex‐, and race‐adjusted ranges for blood counts. Cancer death was ascertained from Social Security Death and National Death Indexes. Multivariable Cox models estimated the risk of cancer mortality associated with cytopenia, adjusting for demographics (model1), anemia and cancer risk factors (model2), and socioeconomics (model3). Racial differences in the cytopenia‐cancer death association were tested by cross‐product interaction terms.

Results

Cytopenia was identified in 383 (2%) participants, 250 (65%) White, and 113 (35%) Black people. With median follow‐up 11.3 years, 1,224 (6.4%) cancer deaths occurred. Cytopenia was associated with increased risk of cancer mortality in model1 (HR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.24), model2 (HR = 1.67, 95%CI 1.22–2.30), and model3 (HR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.17–2.17). Participants with cytopenia had twofold increased cumulative incidence of cancer death (13% vs. 6.5%, p < 0.01). Race by cytopenia interaction terms showed higher HR for cancer death in Black compared to White participants: 2.01 versus 1.41 (pinteraction = 0.016, model1), 2.12 versus 1.45 (pinteraction = 0.009, model2), and 1.82 versus 1.44 (pinteraction = 0.04, model3).

Conclusion

In this large, observational biracial prospective study, cytopenia was a risk factor for cancer death, with stronger association in Black than White people. Though race impacted the association of cytopenia with cancer mortality, cytopenia was not a mediator of the racial disparity in cancer mortality.
KLRF1, a novel marker of CD56bright NK cells, predicts improved survival for patients with locally advanced bladder cancer
Authors: Mukherjee Neelam , Ji Niannian , Tan Xi , Chen Chun‐Liang , Noel Onika D. V. , Rodriguez‐Padron Maria , Lin Chun‐Lin , Alonzo David G. , Huang Tim H. , Svatek Robert S.
Published: December 2022

Background

Bladder tumor‐infiltrating CD56bright NK cells are more tumor cytotoxic than their CD56dim counterparts. Identification of NK cell subsets is labor‐intensive and has limited utility in the clinical setting. Here, we sought to identify a surrogate marker of bladder CD56bright NK cells and to test its prognostic significance.

Methods

CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells were characterized with the multiparametric flow (n = 20) and mass cytometry (n = 21) in human bladder tumors. Transcriptome data from bladder tumors (n = 351) profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. The expression levels of individual markers in intratumoral CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells were visualized in tSNE plots. Expressions of activation markers were also compared between Killer Cell Lectin‐Like Receptor Subfamily F Member 1 (KLRF1)+ and KLRF1− NK cells.

Results

Intratumoral CD56bright NK cells displayed a more activated phenotype compared to the CD56dim subset. Multiple intratumoral cell types expressed CD56, including bladder tumor cells and nonspecific intratumoral CD56 expression was associated with worse patient survival. Thus, an alternative to CD56 as a marker of CD56bright NK cells was sought. The activation receptor KLRF1 was significantly increased on CD56bright but not on CD56dim NK cells. Intratumoral KLRF1+ NK cells were more activated and expressed higher levels of activation molecules compared with KLRF1− NK cells, analogous to the distinct effector function of NK cells across CD56 expression. High intratumoral KLRF1 was associated with improved recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, p = 0.01), cancer‐specific survival (HR 0.47, p = 0.02), and overall survival (HR 0.54, p = 0.02) on multivariable analyses that adjusted for clinical and pathologic variables.

Conclusions

KLRF1 is a promising prognostic marker in bladder cancer and may guide treatment decisions upon validation.
Circular economy's potential to reduce AAC carbon emissions
Authors: Kreft Oliver
Published: December 2022

Establishing a circular economy for Xella's building materials – among them Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) – is and will be one of Xella's key ESG projects for the coming years. In Germany, Xella has made it its goal to duplicate the powder‐input in the main AAC‐products from annually 60,000 t to 120,000 t by 2030.

AAC‐powder used today emerges from the processing of AAC production leftovers, cutting residues and leftovers returned from job sites. In order to achieve the 2030 goal, Xella Germany will (1) generate new sinks, and (2) leverage new sources for AAC‐powder. Current production recipes are designed to take up emerging powder‐quantities, but nothing beyond. The present study describes the inspection and evaluation of current powder input shares per product type and options for their full exploitation by recipe amendments. In 2021, prototypes for Ytong PP2‐0,35 and PP4‐0,50 containing 20 m.‐% powder, and Ytong PP4‐0,55 containing 30 m.‐% powder were developed by the Xella Technologie‐ und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH. In order to prospectively supply sufficient quantities of AAC‐powder, Xella Germany aims at leveraging waste‐AAC from building demolition, so called “post‐demolition AAC” or “pd‐AAC”.

We combined the “zero burden” and the “avoided burden methodology” to expand the life cycle assessment for the investigated circularity scenarios over the edge of waste generation. Our assessment revealed substitution credits of 0.55 kg CO2e/kg pd‐AAC for Ytong PP2‐0,35, and 0.43 respectively 0.33 kg CO2e/kg pd‐AAC for Ytong PP4‐050 and PP4‐0,55. The present study illustrates that our ambition to duplicate Xella Germany's powder consumption is achievable, when the new formulations are fully and consequently implemented. The recipe amendments have the potential to reduce expenditures for sand, quicklime, cement and gypsum/anhydrite, thereby reducing Xella Germany's annual (Scope 3) AAC carbon emissions up to 36 kt CO2e.
Experimental, equilibrium modelling, and column design for the reactive separation of biomass‐derived 2‐furoic acid
Authors: De Biswajit Samir , Dixit Ram Ji , Anand Abhas , Dhongde Vicky Rahul , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: December 2022

Electrochemical conversion of biomass to value‐added chemicals has gained impetus in recent years. Herein, we present a methodology for recovering biomass‐derived 2‐furoic acid from the dilute aqueous stream by reactive extraction. The reactive extraction was performed using a chemical extractant, trioctylamine (TOA), with diluents (octanol, chloroform, and diethyl ether). Equilibrium parameters influencing the recovery of 2‐furoic acid were evaluated. Using TOA in various diluents, the 2‐furoic acid was recovered with 85%–99% efficiency. A 1:1 complex of the 2‐furoic acid—TOA was formed in the organic phase, and the experimental equilibrium complexation constant was compared with that obtained from the relative basicity and Langmuir models. The equilibrium parameters were used for column design to estimate the solvent to feed ratio (S/F) and the number of theoretical stages (NTS). The NTS required is 12 to attain 99% recovery of 2‐furoic acid in counter‐current extraction. The present study sheds light on the reactive extraction process adopted for process intensification with electrochemical conversion, paving the way for the commercialization of valuable products obtained from biomass.
A novel subdivision of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis in monkey, rat, and mouse brains
Authors: Ding Song‐Lin
Published: December 2022

The bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) is a critical structure that mediates sustained vigilant responses to contextual, diffuse, and unpredictable threats. Dysfunction of the BST could lead to excessive anxiety and hypervigilance, which are often observed in posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders. Vigilance of potential future threats from the external environment is a basic brain function and probably requires rapid and/or short neural circuits, which enable both quick detection of the potential threats and fast adaptive responses. However, the BST in literature does not appear to receive spatial information directly from earlier visual or spatial processing structures. In this study, a novel subdivision of the BST is uncovered in monkey, rat, and mouse brains based on the human equivalent and is found in mouse to receive direct inputs from the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and pretectal nucleus as well as from the spatial processing structures such as subiculum, presubiculum, and medial entorhinal cortex. This new subdivision, termed spindle‐shaped small cell subdivision (BSTsc), is located between the known BST and the anterior thalamus. In addition to the unique afferent connections and cell morphology, the BSTsc also displays unique molecular signature (e.g., positive for excitatory markers) compared with other BST subdivisions, which are mostly composed of inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The BSTsc appears to have largely overlapping efferent projections with other BST subdivisions such as the projections to the amygdala, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, septum, and brainstem. Together, the present study suggests that the BSTsc is poised to serve as a shortcut bridge directly linking spatial information from the environment to vigilant adaptive internal responses.
A novel hybrid deep learning approach for 5G network traffic control and forecasting
Authors: Dangi Ramraj , Lalwani Praveen
Published: December 2022

5G is planned to link not just traditional devices such as tablets and smartphones, but also smart devices, smart homes, autonomous vehicles, and industry 4.0 which significantly increases the amount of traffic over the network. Network function virtualization and software defined networks will be used heavily to create scalably and on‐demand 5G architecture using virtual network functions. In this article, we proposed a unique approach to scaling 5G core network resources by predicting traffic load fluctuations using a hybrid model. Most researchers have presented deep learning models to anticipate regular traffic to improve services, however, these recommended models have failed to estimate traffic load during festivals to unexpected changes in traffic conditions. To solve this issue, we introduced CNN+LSTM, a hybrid model that combines CNN, and LSTM to forecast cumulative network traffic across particular intervals to scale up and properly estimate the availability of 5G network resources by leveraging traffic load variations. The suggested model surpasses the other tested deep learning models and existing techniques that forecast the output in both normal and abnormal traffic conditions, according to a comparison of the produced output with existing techniques.
Better Accounting Needed to Solve Looming Groundwater Crisis
Authors: Sever Megan
Published: December 2022

Across the U.S., we are withdrawing water far faster than our aquifers are naturally replenished. One of the challenges of determining how much water is left in aquifers is that decline rates are extremely variable over space and time and regulations governing groundwater withdrawal are highly localized. Over the long term, pumping water out of the ground faster than it’s replenished is like deficit spending; it will catch up with you. Earn 1 CEU in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
A case of esophageal carcinoma on esophageal varices treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy
Authors: Nakachi Kenichiro , Maekita Takao , Deguchi Hisanobu , Kimura Masatomo , Iguchi Mikitaka , Yoshida Satoshi , Kitano Masayuki
Published: December 2022

Esophageal varices (EVs) are often treated using endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been used for early esophageal epithelial neoplasia worldwide. We report a case of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) that occurred over EVs, in which the EVs were treated with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy before the early ESCC was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. Argon plasma coagulation was finally performed to prevent the recurrence of varices. No serious complications, such as severe bleeding or perforation, were observed. Histopathological examination revealed submucosal veins occluded with an organized thrombus for which endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with an intravariceal injection of sclerosant had been performed, but no fibrosis was observed outside the blood vessels. This explains that the injected sclerosant into EVs did not cause any tissue reaction like fibrosis in the submucosa surrounding the vein, which may have made endoscopic submucosal dissection safer and easier. Varices have not recurred, and ESCC has also not recurred for 5 years. We demonstrated a successful treatment of ESCC on EVs and no submucosal fibrosis other than inside the occluded vessels and verified it histologically.
An environmental, energy, and economic efficiency analysis for the energy market in European Union
Authors: Gökgöz Fazıl , Yalçın Engin
Published: December 2022

Energy and environmental issues have been high on agendas of European Union members since they are intertwined with efforts to mitigate climate change and expand the economy. We intend to analyze the energy and environmental efficiency of EU countries using enhanced data envelopment analysis techniques. First, our study investigates energy efficiencies using the bootstrap DEA technique, which addresses the problem of statistical noise. Further, we examine the environmental and eco‐innovation efficiency of EU countries by employing the two‐stage super‐slack‐based DEA technique, which is one of the most suitable approaches for modeling undesired output. According to the environmental efficiency findings, the Nordic countries are primarily more efficient whereas, in terms of eco‐innovation efficiency, Germany is ranked as the top‐performing country. In addition, substantial prospects for improvements exist in the efficiency of the EU countries We may conclude that this research will help policymakers in this area.
Influence of environmental factors on electricity generation performance of electricity‐producing bacteria from oily sludge microbial fuel cells
Authors: Guo Haiying , Huang Chunfeng , Jia Xinlei , Geng Xiaoheng , Huo Hongjun , Yang Zhaoyang , Han Binpeng
Published: December 2022

Electricity‐generating bacteria are used as the biocatalysts of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The power‐generating properties of electricity‐generating bacteria play an important role in organic matter degradation and electricity generation of MFCs. However, there are few electricity‐producing bacteria isolated from the anode biofilm of microbial fuel cells containing oily sludge. More importantly, the adaptability of nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio, temperature and pH of the electricity‐generating bacteria were adjusted by controlled variable method. The results of this study showed that the isolated electricity‐producing bacteria (Citrobacter freundii) with a rod‐shaped cell, wrinkled surface, about 0.5–1.0 μm in length. The optimal nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio, temperature and pH of MFCs are 5.67:1, 25°C, and pH = 7.5, Its maximum voltage and power density was up to 143.01 mV and 65 mW·m−3, respectively. Furthermore, the growth rate of the electricity‐producing bacteria is the highest. This lays the foundation for inoculating electricity‐generating bacteria into oily sludge MFCs to improve the oil removal and power generation performance.
Particle swarm optimization of phase change and indoor setpoint temperatures in a phase change material‐air heat exchanger for free cooling of two climate zones
Authors: Dastmalchi Majid , Boyaghchi Fateme Ahmadi
Published: December 2022

The simulation and free‐cooling economic optimization of a phase change material (PCM)‐air heat exchanger (PAHX), including containers filled with fictitious SiO2 nano‐enhanced PCM (NEPCM), are investigated. The airside, PCM side and heat balance governing equations are solved numerically by employing analytical solutions during the 3‐month summer from June 22 to September 22. Two climate zones of Tehran and Mashhad have been selected due to temperature contrast, especially at off‐peak times. Particle swarm optimization is employed to determine indoor setpoint temperatures (SPTs) and phase change temperatures (PCTs) to optimize the total cooling energy cost of a residential building. The effects of local climate, airflow rate, nanoparticle concentrations, and SPT range on optimization variables are studied. Two SPTs for day and night and two PCTs for melting and solidifying are between 22°C and 26°C. The mass percentage of nanoparticles is considered to be from 0% to 14%. Based on optimization analysis, Toff‐peak = 22°C, and Tpeak = 26°C are considered the best SPTs for both cities, for Mashhad Ts = 24.05°C, Tl = 18.97°C while for Tehran Ts = 24.83°C, Tl = 25.35°C are considered as the best PCTs. The optimum electrical cost increases significantly with increasing airflow rate and SPT range, while nanoparticle concentration has a low influence of up to about 3% for all desired days.
Altered lateralization of the cingulum in deployment‐related traumatic brain injury: An ENIGMA military‐relevant brain injury study
Authors: Dennis Emily L. , Newsome Mary R. , Lindsey Hannah M. , Adamson Maheen , Austin Tara A. , Disner Seth G. , Eapen Blessen C. , Esopenko Carrie , Franz Carol E. , Geuze Elbert , Haswell Courtney , Hinds Sidney R. , Hodges Cooper B. , Irimia Andrei , Kenney Kimbra , Koerte Inga K. , Kremen William S. , Levin Harvey S. , Morey Rajendra A. , Ollinger John , Rowland Jared A. , Scheibel Randall S. , Shenton Martha E. , Sullivan Danielle R. , Talbert Leah D. , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Troyanskaya Maya , Walker William C. , Wang Xin , Ware Ashley L. , Werner John Kent , Williams Wright , Thompson Paul M. , Tate David F. , Wilde Elisabeth A.
Published: December 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations can cause disruptions in brain structure and function, along with cognitive and psychological dysfunction. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can detect alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure, but few studies have examined brain asymmetry. Examining asymmetry in large samples may increase sensitivity to detect heterogeneous areas of WM alteration in mild TBI. Through the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta‐Analysis Military‐Relevant Brain Injury working group, we conducted a mega‐analysis of neuroimaging and clinical data from 16 cohorts of Active Duty Service Members and Veterans (n = 2598). dMRI data were processed together along with harmonized demographic, injury, psychiatric, and cognitive measures. Fractional anisotropy in the cingulum showed greater asymmetry in individuals with deployment‐related TBI, driven by greater left lateralization in TBI. Results remained significant after accounting for potentially confounding variables including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and handedness, and were driven primarily by individuals whose worst TBI occurred before age 40. Alterations in the cingulum were also associated with slower processing speed and poorer set shifting. The results indicate an enhancement of the natural left laterality of the cingulum, possibly due to vulnerability of the nondominant hemisphere or compensatory mechanisms in the dominant hemisphere. The cingulum is one of the last WM tracts to mature, reaching peak FA around 42 years old. This effect was primarily detected in individuals whose worst injury occurred before age 40, suggesting that the protracted development of the cingulum may lead to increased vulnerability to insults, such as TBI.
Sex disparity of cerebral white matter hyperintensity in the hypertensive elderly: The Shanghai Changfeng study
Authors: Wang Liangqi , Lin Huandong , Zhao Zehua , Chen Lingyan , Wu Li , Liu Ting , Li Jing , Huang Chu‐Chung , Peng Yifeng , Lo Chun‐Yi Zac , Gao Xin
Published: December 2022

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is associated with vascular hemodynamic alterations and reflects white matter injury. To date, the sex difference of tract‐specific WMH and the relationship between high blood pressure (BP) and tract‐specific WMH remain unclear. We recruited 515 subjects from the Shanghai Changfeng study (range 53–89 years, mean age 67.33 years). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were collected and used to calculate pulse pressure (PP). Magnetic resonance T1 and T2 FLAIR images were acquired to measure WMH and calculate WMH index. The ANCOVA test was performed to test the difference between sexes, and the linear regression model was used to examine the associations between BP and WMH index. Men showed higher WMH index than women in all white matter tracts (p < .001, respectively) except for the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and its left temporal part (tSLF). High SBP and PP was associated with a lower WMH index on the left corticospinal tract (CST), SLF, tSLF and right cingulum in hippocampus (p ≤ .001, respectively) in women, while high DBP was associated with a higher WMH index on the bilateral CST (left p < .001; right p = .001), left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (p < .001) and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (p = .002) in men. Men tend to have more WMH compared to women. A high SBP/PP relates to a lower WMH burden in women. This suggests that women could benefit from higher blood pressure in older age.
Childhood exposure to birth registration laws and old‐age mortality
Authors: Noghanibehambari Hamid , Fletcher Jason
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the effects of the enactment of birth registration laws, as the official universal and uniform method of recording births, across US states in the first decades of the 20th century on old‐age longevity for children affected by these laws. We show that establishing birth registration laws has long‐term benefits for old‐age health. The benefits are primarily driven by states with an effective child labor policy, suggesting that registering births helps the enforcement of child labor laws which in turn operate as the mechanism channel to improve old‐age longevity. A treatment‐on‐treated calculation suggests an increase of 0.6 years of longevity from not working during childhood due to the birth registration law.
Characterization of the aroma profile of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and assessment of the impact of malting on the odor‐active volatile composition
Authors: Almaguer Cynthia , Kollmannsberger Hubert , Gastl Martina , Becker Thomas
Published: December 2022

Background

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a gluten‐free pseudocereal, rich in starch and high‐quality proteins. It can be used as a cereal. Recently, a variety of nontraditional food products were developed; however, the sharp bitterness and the earthy aroma of unprocessed quinoa interfered with the acceptance of these products. Malting of cereals is known to improve their processing properties and enhance their sensory quality. To evaluate the acceptance and potential of quinoa malt as a raw material for beverage production, malt quality indicators (e.g., soluble protein) and the aroma profiles of different quinoa malts were compared.

Results

Initial sensory assessment of quinoa in its native and malted state identified differences in their aroma profiles and revealed that pleasant nutty and caramel aromas were formed by malting. Subsequently, three complementary isolation techniques and gas chromatography‐olfactometry/mass spectrometry (GC‐O/MS) were used for volatile analysis. Instrumental analysis detected 34 and 62 odor‐active regions in native quinoa and quinoa malt, respectively. In the second part, storage and the impact of three malting parameters on volatile formation were examined. By varying the malting parameters, seven additional odor‐active malting byproducts were revealed.

Conclusion

Three naturally occurring methoxypyrazines were identified as important contributors to the characteristic quinoa aroma. In all fresh quinoa malts a similar number of volatile compounds was perceived but their intensity and composition varied. Higher germination temperature promoted the formation of lipid oxidation products. Fatty smelling compounds and carboxylic acids, formed during storage, were classified as aging indicators of quinoa malt. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Audiometric and Otologic Findings in Children and Young Adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Plexiform Neurofibromas
Authors: Idowu Victoria , Christensen Julie , Gross Andrea M. , Dombi Eva , Miles Jennifer R , King Kelly , Chisholm Jennifer , Zalewski Christopher , Baldwin Andrea , Whitcomb Patricia , Burgess Crystal , Widemann Brigitte C , Brewer Carmen C , Kim Hung Jeffrey
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To characterize otologic and audiologic manifestations in our NF1 cohort and explore the relationship between otologic and audiologic findings in a subset of patients with ear‐related plexiform neurofibromas (PNs).

Methods

Audiologic and otologic clinical evaluations were conducted on 102 patients with NF1 in a natural history study (5–45 years; M = 14.4 years; Mdn = 14). Testing included pure tone and speech audiometry, middle ear function, neurodiagnostic auditory brainstem response (ABR), auditory processing, and MRIs of the head and neck region. Patients referred to this study had an overall higher incidence and burden of PNs than the overall NF1 population.

Results

The majority of subjects in this cohort had normal hearing sensitivity (81%) and normal middle ear function (78%). Nineteen participants had hearing loss that ranged in degree from mild to profound, with the majority in the mild range. Hearing loss was twice as likely to be conductive than sensorineural. In patients with ear‐related PNs (n = 12), hearing loss was predominantly conductive (60%). Seventy‐five percent of ears with PNs had atypical tympanometric tracings that could not be characterized by the classic categories. In all 20 patients with a PN in the temporal bone, the ear canal was affected, and the PNs often extended to the surrounding soft tissue regions.

Conclusions

People with NF1‐related PNs in the temporal bone and adjacent skull base should have audiometric and otologic monitoring. Addressing hearing concerns should be part of routine clinical evaluations in patients with NF1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed in patients with NF1 who have hearing loss.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:2770–2778, 2023
Omnibus bill supports key MH policies, advances service access
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2022

The year ended on a high note for the mental health field with the release of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 (also known as the “Omnibus”). The omnibus appropriations funding package, which passed Dec. 23, 2022 by the House of Representatives and earlier in the week by the U.S. Senate, contains key mental health provisions, including significant increases for the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant and for Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs).
Hochschullehre – Batterien und Plastikmüll
Authors: Kuschmitz Paul
Published: December 2022

Der Fonds der chemischen Industrie unterstützt die Lehre zu Elektrochemie und Kreislaufwirtschaft an Hochschulen mit 350 000 Euro.
Industrie und Technik: Kupfer aus Chile
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: December 2022

Kupferhaltige Gesteine enthalten häufig Arsen. Wie dieses sich umweltschonend entsorgen lässt, untersucht ein deutsch‐chilenisches Projekt.