bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation study associating glutaminase promoter variations with hepatic encephalopathy in East Asian populations
Authors: Ahn Jem Ma , Kim Chang Ha , Um Soon Ho , Kim Kyung Mee , Kim Tae Hyung , Yim Sun Young , Choi Hyuk Soon , Kim Eun Sun , Keum Bora , Seo Yeon Seok , Yim Hyung Joon , Jeen Yoon Tae , Lee Hong Sik , Chun Hoon Jai , Kim Chang Duck , Ryu Ho Sang
Published: October 2016

Background and Aim

In a recent study, microsatellite variations (GCA tandem repeats) in the promoter region of the (kidney‐type) glutaminase gene were associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in Spanish patients with cirrhosis. The objective of this study was to validate the relation between microsatellite variations in the glutaminase promoter region and the development of overt HE in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study of 154 cirrhotic patients who underwent a glutaminase microsatellite study without previous overt HE history at baseline. The primary end point was the first episode of overt HE. The microsatellite length was categorized into three groups based on its repeated number, with a cutoff value of 14; 65 (42.2%), 70 (45.5%), and 19 (12.3%) patients had the short‐short, short‐long, and long‐long alleles, respectively.

Results

Over a median 3.5 years of follow‐up (range = 0.1–4.4), overt HE developed in 28 patients (18.2%). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of overt HE was 18.4%. Multivariate Cox model indicated that past hepatocellular carcinoma history, alcoholic etiology for cirrhosis, higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores and their deterioration, and serum ammonium levels were independently associated with HE development. However, microsatellite length was not associated with the development of overt HE.

Conclusions

In Korean patients with cirrhosis, microsatellite variations in the glutaminase promoter region were not associated with development of overt HE. Thus, additional studies are needed to identify other genetic factors related to glutaminase activity in Asians with overt HE.
Are we there yet? Faculty Members’ Beliefs and Teaching Practices Related to the Ethical Treatment of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients
Authors: McGeorge Christi R. , Carlson Thomas Stone , Maier Candice A.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore (a) faculty members' beliefs about the ethics of reparative therapy and referring lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients, (b) course content related to reparative therapy and referral of LGB clients, and (c) positions taken by programs associated with reparative therapy and referral of LGB clients. A total of 117 faculty members from accredited family therapy programs completed an online survey for this study. While the vast majority of faculty members reported that reparative therapy is unethical, there was less agreement related to the ethics of referring LGB clients, which may highlight the need for clearer ethical guidelines to regulate this potentially harmful practice. Implications for clinical training and future research are discussed.
Gene regulation and genetics in neurochemistry, past to future
Authors: Barger Steven W.
Published: October 2016

Ask any neuroscientist to name the most profound discoveries in the field in the past 60 years, and at or near the top of the list will be a phenomenon or technique related to genes and their expression. Indeed, our understanding of genetics and gene regulation has ushered in whole new systems of knowledge and new empirical approaches, many of which could not have even been imagined prior to the molecular biology boon of recent decades. Neurochemistry, in the classic sense, intersects with these concepts in the manifestation of neuropeptides, obviously dependent upon the central dogma (the established rules by whichDNAsequence is eventually converted into protein primary structure) not only for their conformation but also for their levels and locales of expression. But, expanding these considerations to non‐peptide neurotransmitters illustrates how gene regulatory events impact neurochemistry in a much broader sense, extending beyond the neurochemicals that translate electrical signals into chemical ones in the synapse, to also include every aspect of neural development, structure, function, and pathology. From the beginning, the mutability – yet relative stability – of genes and their expression patterns were recognized as potential substrates for some of the most intriguing phenomena in neurobiology – those instances of plasticity required for learning and memory. Near‐heretical speculation was offered in the idea that perhaps the very sequence of the genome was altered to encode memories. A fascinating component of the intervening progress includes evidence that the central dogma is not nearly as rigid and consistent as we once thought. And this mutability extends to the potential to manipulate that code for both experimental and clinical purposes.

image

Astonishing progress has been made in the molecular biology of neurochemistry during the 60 years since this journal debuted. Many of the gains in conceptual understanding have been driven by methodological progress, from automated high‐throughput sequencing instruments to recombinant‐DNA vectors that can convey color‐coded genetic modifications in the chromosomes of live adult animals. This review covers the highlights of these advances, both theoretical and technological, along with a brief window into the promising science ahead.

This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Benzoic acid beneficially affects growth performance of weaned pigs which was associated with changes in gut bacterial populations, morphology indices and growth factor gene expression
Authors: Chen J. L. , Zheng P. , Zhang C. , Yu B. , He J. , Yu J. , Luo J. Q. , Mao X. B. , Huang Z. Q. , Chen D. W.
Published: October 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of benzoic acid (BA) on growth performance, intestinal development and intestinal barrier function in weaned pigs. Ninety weaned pigs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: a basal diet (CON), the basal diet supplemented with 2000 mg/kg benzoic acid (BA1) and 5000 mg/kg benzoic acid (BA2). At the end of days 14 and 42, six pigs per treatment were randomly selected to collect plasma and intestinal samples. Results showed that BA supplementation not only improved final body weight, daily growth and feed conversion ratio from days 15 to 42 and days 1 to 42, but also decreased the activity of plasma diamine oxidase (day 42) and the pH values of jejunal contents (day 14) (p < 0.05). Ileal Bacillus populations (day 14) were increased by BA, while Escherichia coli counts in the ileum and caecum (day 42) were decreased (p < 0.05). Higher Lactobacillus counts occurred in the ileum (day 14, 42) of BA1‐fed piglets as compared to CON and BA2‐fed piglets (p < 0.05). In addition, BA supplementation increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (day 14, 42) and decreased the crypt depth (day 14) (p < 0.05). Growth‐stimulating factors (insulin‐like growth factor‐1, day 42; insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor, day 14, 42) and tight junction protein (occludin, day 14, 42; zonula occludens‐1, day 42)‐related gene mRNA levels were upregulated in the jejunum of piglets fed BA diets (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that BA has beneficial effects on intestinal development and intestinal barrier function of weaned pigs, which can partly explain why growth performance of pigs was improved by dietary BA supplementation.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, Hematology, and Serum Biochemistry in Dogs with Echocardiographically Estimated Precapillary and Postcapillary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Mazzotta E. , Guglielmini C. , Menciotti G. , Contiero B. , BaronToaldo M. , Berlanda M. , Poser H.
Published: October 2016

Background

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a quantitative measurement of anisocytosis. RDW has prognostic value in humans with different cardiovascular and systemic disorders, but few studies have investigated this biomarker in dogs.

Objectives

To compare the RDW in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and a control population of dogs and to correlate RDW with demographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables.

Animals

One hundred and twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs including 19 healthy dogs, 82 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (50 dogs without PH and 32 dogs with postcapillary PH), and 26 dogs with precapillary PH.

Methods

Prospective study. Dogs were allocated to groups according to clinical and echocardiographic evaluation. RDW and selected laboratory and echocardiographic variables were compared among dog groups. Associations between RDW and demographic, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis.

Results

Median RDW in dogs with precapillary PH (13.8%, interquartile range 13.2–14.9%) and postcapillary PH (13.7, 13.2–14.7%) was significantly increased compared to healthy dogs (13.3, 12.3–13.7%; P < .05 for both comparisons), but only dogs with severe PH had significantly increased RDW compared to dogs without PH (P < .05). Peak tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient was significantly associated with increased RDW (rho = 0.263, P = .007). Serum urea concentration, hematocrit, age, and white blood cell number were significantly associated with RDW in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Underlying pathophysiologic processes associated with PH instead of severity of PH are likely responsible for increased RDW in dogs with PH.
Redefining ‘media’ using a ‘media-as-a-constitutional-component’ concept: an evaluation of the need for the European Court of Human Rights to alter its understanding of ‘media’ within a new media landscape
Authors: Coe Peter
Published: October 2016

This paper considers the impact of new media on freedom of expression and media freedom within the context of the European Convention on Human Rights and European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence. Through comparative analysis of US jurisprudence and scholarship, this paper deals with the following three issues. First, it explores the traditional purpose of the media, and how media freedom, as opposed to freedom of expression, has been subject to privileged protection, within an ECHR context at least. Secondly, it considers the emergence of new media, and how it can be differentiated from the traditional media. Finally, it analyses the philosophical justifications for freedom of expression, and how they enable a workable definition of the media based upon the concept of the media-as-a-constitutional-component.
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 – a bastion of European consumer rights?
Authors: Giliker Paula
Published: October 2016

The Consumer Rights Act 2015 seeks to consolidate in one place key consumer rights covering contracts for goods, services and digital content, and the law relating to unfair terms in consumer contracts. These are areas where there has been considerable activity at both a national and an EU level. In particular, the Consumer Sales Directive 99/44/EC, the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Directive 93/13/EEC and the Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU have all made significant changes to Member State law, promoting the idea of the ‘informed consumer’, able to assert his or her rights in entering consumer contracts. This paper will examine the extent to which the Act promotes the objectives of these Directives and the implications of the result of the June 2016 referendum that the UK should leave the EU. Does the Consumer Rights Act 2015 represent a valuable consolidation of EU and UK consumer policy, or are EU rights being absorbed into a distinctive national framework of consumer rights?
Retinal vascular imaging technology to monitor disease severity and complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review
Authors: Kee Ae Ra , Wong Tien Yin , Li Ling‐Jun
Published: October 2016

Objective

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a major disease affecting a large number of young patients. In the recent years, retinal vascular imaging has provided an objective assessment of vascular health in patients with T1DM. Our study aimed to review the current literature on retinal vascular parameters in young patients with T1DM in order to understand the following: (i) How retinal vessels are affected in T1DM (ii) How such vascular changes can be predictive of future diabetic microvascular complications

Methods

We performed a systematic review and extracted relevant data from 17 articles.

Results

We found significant correlations between retinal vessel changes and diabetes‐related risk factors (eg, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity), diabetes‐related features (eg, diabetes duration and glycemic control), and diabetes‐related microvascular complications (eg, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that retinal microvasculature is associated with both disease severity and complications in young patients with T1DM.
Dual‐function small regulatory RNAs in bacteria
Authors: Gimpel Matthias , Brantl Sabine
Published: October 2016

Dual‐function sRNAs are a subgroup of small regulatory RNAs that act on the one hand as base‐pairing sRNAs to inhibit or activate target gene expression and on the other hand as peptide‐encoding mRNAs that function either in the same or in another metabolic pathway. Here, we review and compare the five currently known and intensively characterized dual‐function sRNAs with regard to their two functions, their biological role, their evolutionary conservation and their requirements for RNA chaperones. Furthermore, we summarize the data available on five potential dual‐function sRNAs, whose base‐pairing function is well established whereas the role of their encoded peptides has not yet been elucidated. In addition, we provide three examples for RNAs with more than one function that do not fall into the above‐mentioned category. With the application of RNAseq, peptidomics and transcriptomics it can be expected that the number of dual‐function sRNAs will considerably increase within the next years, thus enhancing our knowledge on the regulatory potential of these RNAs.
When Clients Throw Punches and Chairs: How Mediators Respond to Violence
Authors: Raines Susan S. , Choi Yeju
Published: October 2016

Much is known about screening family law mediation cases for potential violence, but little is known about violence that occurs within or immediately after mediation. In this article, we present the findings of a survey of U.S. mediators who reported their experiences of violence across a variety of mediation case types. These mediators described how and when violence arose and also reported the techniques and interventions that they used to de‐escalate tensions and to respond to violence. Our goal is to better equip mediators to prevent violence when possible, and to respond effectively if violence does arise in mediation.
Effects of varying dietary content of fermentable short‐chain carbohydrates on symptoms, fecal microenvironment, and cytokine profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Hustoft T. N. , Hausken T. , Ystad S. O. , Valeur J. , Brokstad K. , Hatlebakk J. G. , Lied G. A.
Published: October 2016

Background

A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is increasingly recommended for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to investigate the effects of a blinded low‐FODMAP vs high‐fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) diet on symptoms, immune activation, gut microbiota composition, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Methods

Twenty patients with diarrhea‐predominant or mixed IBS were instructed to follow a low‐FODMAP diet (LFD) throughout a 9‐week study period. After 3 weeks, they were randomized and double‐blindly assigned to receive a supplement of either FOS (FODMAP) or maltodextrin (placebo) for the next 10 days, followed by a 3‐week washout period before crossover. Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system (IBS‐SSS) was used to evaluate symptoms. Cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were analyzed in blood samples, and gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA) and SCFAs were analyzed in fecal samples.

Key Results

Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms consistently improved after 3 weeks of LFD, and significantly more participants reported symptom relief in response to placebo (80%) than FOS (30%). Serum levels of proinflammatory IL‐6 and IL‐8, as well as levels of fecal bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), total SCFAs, and n‐butyric acid, decreased significantly on the LFD as compared to baseline. Ten days of FOS supplementation increased the level of these bacteria, whereas levels of cytokines and SCFAs remained unchanged.

Conclusions and Inferences

Our findings support the efficacy of a LFD in alleviating IBS symptoms, and show changes in inflammatory cytokines, microbiota profile, and SCFAs, which may have consequences for gut health.
Introducing the Big Knowledge to Use (BK2U) challenge
Authors: Perl Yehoshua , Geller James , Halper Michael , Ochs Christopher , Zheng Ling , Kapusnik‐Uner Joan
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the Big Data to Knowledge initiative is to develop methods for discovering new knowledge from large amounts of data. However, if the resulting knowledge is so large that it resists comprehension, referred to here as Big Knowledge (BK), how can it be used properly and creatively? We call this secondary challenge, Big Knowledge to Use. Without a high‐level mental representation of the kinds of knowledge in a BK knowledgebase, effective or innovative use of the knowledge may be limited. We describe summarization and visualization techniques that capture the big picture of a BK knowledgebase, possibly created from Big Data. In this research, we distinguish between assertion BK and rule‐based BK (rule BK) and demonstrate the usefulness of summarization and visualization techniques of assertion BK for clinical phenotyping. As an example, we illustrate how a summary of many intracranial bleeding concepts can improve phenotyping, compared to the traditional approach. We also demonstrate the usefulness of summarization and visualization techniques of rule BK for drug–drug interaction discovery.
Contrast Dye ICE Cap Embolization Using the Third‐Generation Cryoballoon
Authors: CONTI SERGIO , MOLTRASIO MASSIMO , TONDO CLAUDIO , FASSINI GAETANO
Published: October 2016

Cryoballoon ablation is a widely diffuse technology to perform paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation. The new generation cryoballoon catheters have been redesigned in order to improve the cooling capability. During cryoballoon ablation, it is not unusual to observe the formation of a contrast dye ice cap on top of the balloon itself. The automated balloon deflation before dissolution of the ice cap may increase the risk of embolization of large ice‐mixed‐contrast crystals in the systemic circulation. In the case hereby reported, we describe an uneventful embolization of this contrast dye ice cap in the systemic circulation.
Quantifying the volcanic emissions which triggered Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a and their effect on ocean acidification
Authors: Bauer Kohen W. , Zeebe Richard E. , Wortmann Ulrich G.
Published: October 2016

The Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (Early Aptian) is thought to be causally related to the eruption of the Ontong Java Plateau large igneous province. This study uses osmium isotope records to quantify the magnitude of the respective CO2 emissions up to the onset of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a, and model the associated changes in carbonate saturation state (Ω), atmospheric pCO2, carbon isotope ratios and the carbonate compensation depth with a carbon cycle model. These model results suggest that volcanism associated with the rapid negative 187/188 osmium ratios observed during the onset of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (Selli Event) increased the planetary CO2 degassing flux at least six‐fold, causing a negative δ13C excursion of ca 1·5‰ in the dissolved surface ocean inorganic carbon pool. This is consistent with previously published δ13C data. Volcanic degassing of this magnitude would also suppress the aragonite saturation state of surface water to near under‐saturated values (Ω ca 1·1 to 0·9), shoal the carbonate compensation depth by 1500 m and increase the atmospheric pCO2 by 3000 p.p.m., before increased weathering and anoxia would counter the pCO2 increase.
Health problems in former elite female football players: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Prien A. , Prinz B. , Dvořák J. , Junge A.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of health problems and associated risk factors in former elite female football players. A cross‐sectional research design was employed, using an online questionnaire on personal characteristics and health complaints during/after the career. One hundred fifty‐two (response rate: 62.0%) former first German league players answered the survey. Around 70% described their current health as good or very good. Over half (57.9%) reported knee problems during the last 4 weeks while exercising and a third (33.6%) during normal daily activities. The second most common location for complaints was the head (53.3%). Almost one quarter (23.7%) of players suffered from osteoarthritis (OA). Regression analysis showed that OA in knee/ankle and physical complaints (PC) in knee/ankle/head were significantly predicted by number and severity of previous injuries (P < 0.05). Further, increases in age, training volume, and level of play were associated with an increased likelihood of presenting with OA (P < 0.05), but not PC. In conclusion, a football career may lead to specific long‐term health problems in elite female players. Prevention strategies should focus on knee, ankle, and head injuries. Future studies are needed to clinically assess the prevalence rates of OA and possible neurocognitive changes.
Discovery of rice essential genes by characterizing a CRISPR‐edited mutation of closely related rice MAP kinase genes
Authors: Minkenberg Bastian , Xie Kabin , Yang Yinong
Published: October 2016

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 nuclease (Cas9) system depends on a guide RNA (gRNA) to specify its target. By efficiently co‐expressing multiple gRNAs that target different genomic sites, the polycistronic tRNA‐gRNA gene (PTG) strategy enables multiplex gene editing in the family of closely related mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK) genes in Oryza sativa (rice). In this study, we identified MPK1 and MPK6 (Arabidopsis AtMPK6 and AtMPK4 orthologs, respectively) as essential genes for rice development by finding the preservation of MPK functional alleles and normal phenotypes in CRISPR‐edited mutants. The true knock‐out mutants of MPK1 were severely dwarfed and sterile, and homozygous mpk1 seeds from heterozygous parents were defective in embryo development. By contrast, heterozygous mpk6 mutant plants completely failed to produce homozygous mpk6 seeds. In addition, the functional importance of specific MPK features could be evaluated by characterizing CRISPR‐induced allelic variation in the conserved kinase domain of MPK6. By simultaneously targeting between two and eight genomic sites in the closely related MPK genes, we demonstrated 45–86% frequency of biallelic mutations and the successful creation of single, double and quadruple gene mutants. Indels and fragment deletion were both stably inherited to the next generations, and transgene‐free mutants of rice MPK genes were readily obtained via genetic segregation, thereby eliminating any positional effects of transgene insertions. Taken together, our study reveals the essentiality of MPK1 and MPK6 in rice development, and enables the functional discovery of previously inaccessible genes or domains with phenotypes masked by lethality or redundancy.
Electrical transport properties of nickel chromium alloy films
Authors: Li Zhaoguo , Peng Liping , Zhang Jicheng , Wang Xinming , Li Jia , Luo Yuechuan , Zhan Zhiqiang , Zeng Yong , Meng Lingbiao , Zhou Minjie , Wu Weidong
Published: October 2016

The effect of the electron–phonon interactions on the electrical transport properties of NiCr alloy films is studied. The resistivity of the NiCr films is measured between 2 and 300 K, and reveals an overall metallic conduction behavior. The resistivity–temperature curves of NiCr films are successfully interpreted using the traditional electron–phonon coupling theory. The results reveal that the electrons coupling with the acoustic-mode phonons dominate the electrical properties of NiCr films over the entire temperature range investigated, and weak corrections by the electron–optical–phonon interactions are present in the high temperature regime. The dominance of the electron–phonon interactions on the transport behavior of NiCr films is further confirmed by the magnetotransport analysis. The electron–phonon interaction constant of NiCr films is also discussed.
A hierarchical generalization of the acoustic reciprocity theorem involving higher-order derivatives and interaction quantities
Authors: Lin Ju , Li Jie , Li Xiaolei , Wang Ning
Published: October 2016

An acoustic reciprocity theorem is generalized, for a smoothly varying perturbed medium, to a hierarchy of reciprocity theorems including higher-order derivatives of acoustic fields. The standard reciprocity theorem is the first member of the hierarchy. It is shown that the conservation of higher-order interaction quantities is related closely to higher-order derivative distributions of perturbed media. Then integral reciprocity theorems are obtained by applying Gauss's divergence theorem, which give explicit integral representations connecting higher-order interactions and higher-order derivative distributions of perturbed media. Some possible applications to an inverse problem are also discussed.
Synchronous volvulus of the sigmoid colon and caecum, a very rare cause of large bowel obstruction
Authors: Islam Shariful , Hosein Devin , Bheem Vinoo , Dan Dilip
Published: October 2016

Colonic volvulus usually occurs as a single event that can affect various parts of the colon. The usual sites affected being the sigmoid colon (75%) and the caecum (22%). The phenomenon of multiple sites simultaneously undergoing volvulus is an extremely rare occurrence. Synchronous double colonic volvulus is extremely rare and to the best of our knowledge, this is the 4th reported case of simultaneous sigmoid and caecal volvulus in the English literature. The clinical presentation and the radiological findings are that of large bowel obstruction. Classic radiological findings may not be present or may be overlooked due to its rarity. Treatment of this condition is early surgical intervention to prevent the sequalae of a colonic volvulus and its associated mortality. We report a case of an 80-year-old man with synchronous volvulus of the sigmoid colon and caecum.
Structural, electronic and optical properties of the Zn0.5V0.5S in three phases
Authors: Yin Zhu-Hua , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: October 2016

The structural, electronic and optical properties of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are studied by the spin-polarized first-principles calculation. The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are metals in tetragonal structures, while the [Formula: see text] in trigonal structure is half-metal with 100% spin polarization. The [Formula: see text] has the biggest static dielectric constant [Formula: see text] and static refractive index [Formula: see text], which may be ascribed to the highest crystal symmetry. The maximum absorption peaks of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are located about 44 eV in the ultraviolet region, indicating these materials have good prospect for optoelectronic materials in the ultraviolet range.
Global explicit solutions with n double spectral parameters for the Myrzakulov-I equation
Authors: Chen Hai , Zhou Zi-Xiang
Published: October 2016

The Darboux transformation with n double spectral parameters for the Myrzakulov-I equation is obtained by taking suitable limit of the spectral parameters. Global explicit solutions are obtained by using this Darboux transformation with n double spectral parameters.
Package of double helical bromine chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yao Zhen , Liu Chun Jian , Lv Hang , Yang Xi Bao
Published: October 2016

The helicity of stable double helical bromine chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was studied through the calculation of systematic interaction energy, using the van der Waals interaction potential. The results presented clear images of stable double helical structures inside SWCNTs. The optimal helical radius and helical angle of chain structure increase and decrease, respectively, with the increase of tube radius. The detailed analysis indicated that some metastable structures in SWCNTs may also co-exist with the optimal structures, but not within the same tubes. In addition, a detailed simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns was performed for the obtained optimal helical structures.
Impact of a Local Low-Cost Ward-Based Response System in a Canadian Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Blotsky Andrea , Mardini Louay , Jayaraman Dev
Published: October 2016

Background. Medical emergency teams (METs) or rapid response teams (RRTs) facilitate early intervention for clinically deteriorating hospitalized patients. In healthcare systems where financial resources and intensivist availability are limited, the establishment of such teams can prove challenging.Objectives. A low-cost, ward-based response system was implemented on a medical clinical teaching unit in a Montreal tertiary care hospital. A prospective before/after study was undertaken to examine the system’s impact on time to intervention, code blue rates, and ICU transfer rates.Results. Ninety-five calls were placed for 82 patients. Median time from patient decompensation to intervention was 5 min (IQR 1–10), compared to 3.4 hours (IQR 0.6–12.4) before system implementation (p<0.001). Total number of ICU admissions from the CTU was reduced from 4.8/1000 patient days (±2.2) before intervention to 3.3/1000 patient days (±1.4) after intervention (IRR: 0.82,p=0.04(CI 95%: 0.69–0.99)). CTU code blue rates decreased from 2.2/1000 patient days (±1.6) before intervention to 1.2/1000 patient days (±1.3) after intervention (IRR: 0.51,p=0.02(CI 95%: 0.30–0.89)).Conclusion. Our local ward-based response system achieved a significant reduction in the time of patient decompensation to initial intervention, in CTU code blue rates, and in CTU to ICU transfers without necessitating additional usage of financial or human resources.
Shell Model Studies of Competing Mechanisms to the Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay in 124Sn, 130Te, and 136Xe
Authors: Neacsu Andrei , Horoi Mihai
Published: October 2016

Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a predicted beyond Standard Model process that could clarify some of the not yet known neutrino properties, such as the mass scale, the mass hierarchy, and its nature as a Dirac or Majorana fermion. Should this transition be observed, there are still challenges in understanding the underlying contributing mechanisms. We perform a detailed shell model investigation of several beyond Standard Model mechanisms that consider the existence of right-handed currents. Our analysis presents different venues that can be used to identify the dominant mechanisms for nuclei of experimental interest in the mass A~130 region (124Sn, 130Te, and 136Xe). It requires accurate knowledge of nine nuclear matrix elements that we calculate in addition to the associated energy-dependent phase space factors.
Elevated Levels of Plasma Superoxide Dismutases 1 and 2 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Peng Ji-Ren , Lu Ting-Ting , Chang Hao-Teng , Ge Xuan , Huang Bian , Li Wei-Min
Published: October 2016

Aims. To measure plasma levels of superoxide dismutases 1, 2, and 3 (SOD1, 2, 3) and determine whether SODs can function as biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD).Patients & Methods. Patient groups were as follows: patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP,n=33), patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS,n=49), and controls (n=42). Protein quantification was done using ELISA.Results. The concentrations of plasma SOD1 and SOD2 were higher in CAD than in healthy controls. No difference in SOD3 levels between CAD and control groups was found. Limited correlations were found between SODs and gender, age, and severity of coronary artery stenosis.Conclusions. Plasma levels of SOD1 and SOD2 were elevated in patients with CAD and might serve as surrogate biomarkers for CAD.
Strength Training Improves Fatigue Resistance and Self-Rated Health in Workers with Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sundstrup Emil , Jakobsen Markus Due , Brandt Mikkel , Jay Kenneth , Aagaard Per , Andersen Lars Louis
Published: October 2016

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is widespread in the working population and leads to muscular fatigue, reduced work capacity, and fear of movement. While ergonomic intervention is the traditional approach to the problem, physical exercise may be an alternative strategy. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigates the effect of strength training on muscular fatigue resistance and self-rated health among workers with chronic pain. Sixty-six slaughterhouse workers with chronic upper limb pain and work disability were randomly allocated to 10 weeks of strength training or usual care ergonomic training (control). At baseline and follow-up, participants performed a handgrip muscular fatigue test (time above 50% of maximal voluntary contraction force) with simultaneous recording of electromyography. Additionally, participants replied to a questionnaire regarding self-rated health and pain. Time to fatigue, muscle strength, hand/wrist pain, and self-rated health improved significantly more following strength training than usual care (allP<0.05). Time to fatigue increased by 97% following strength training and this change was correlated to the reduction in fear avoidance (Spearman’s rho=-0.40;P=0.01). In conclusion, specific strength training improves muscular fatigue resistance and self-rated health and reduces pain of the hand/wrist in manual workers with chronic upper limb pain. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01671267.
Numerical Simulation of Recycled Concrete Using Convex Aggregate Model and Base Force Element Method
Authors: Peng Yijiang , Chu Hao , Pu Jiwei
Published: October 2016

By using the Base Force Element Method (BFEM) on potential energy principle, a new numerical concrete model, random convex aggregate model, is presented in this paper to simulate the experiment under uniaxial compression for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) which can also be referred to as recycled concrete. This model is considered as a heterogeneous composite which is composed of five mediums, including natural coarse aggregate, old mortar, new mortar, new interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and old ITZ. In order to simulate the damage processes of RAC, a curve damage model was adopted as the damage constitutive model and the strength theory of maximum tensile strain was used as the failure criterion in the BFEM on mesomechanics. The numerical results obtained in this paper which contained the uniaxial compressive strengths, size effects on strength, and damage processes of RAC are in agreement with experimental observations. The research works show that the random convex aggregate model and the BFEM with the curve damage model can be used for simulating the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of RAC.
Scrotal Involvement with Testicular Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumour
Authors: O’Leary C. G. , Allen J. A. , O’Brien F. , Tuthill A. , Power D. G.
Published: October 2016

A 37-year-old male presented with a traumatic injury to the scrotal region necessitating emergency surgery. Evacuation of a haematoma and bilateral orchidectomy were performed. A left sided nonseminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT), predominantly yolk sac, was identified. Microscopic margins were positive for tumour. Initial tumour markers revealed an AFP of 22,854 ng/mL, HCG of <1 mIU/mL, and LDH of 463 IU/L. Eight weeks after surgery, AFP levels remained elevated at 11,646 ng/mL. Computed tomography (CT) scanning demonstrated left inguinal adenopathy, 1.5 cm in max dimension. On review, extensive evidence of scrotal involvement was evident. His tumour was staged as stage IIIC, poor risk NSGCT. He was treated with 4 cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin over a 12-week period. His tumour markers normalised after 3 cycles. There was a marked improvement noted clinically. Follow-up CT scans demonstrated complete resolution of his tumour. He later underwent further surgery to remove a small amount of remaining spermatic cord. Histology revealed no malignant tissue. The patient suffered many complications including testosterone deficiency, osteopenia, infertility, and psychological distress.Discussion. A small proportion of testicular cancer may present in an atypical manner. The scrotum and testicle have markedly different embryonic origins and therefore a distinct anatomic separation. As a result the scrotum is not a typical site of spread of testicular cancer. Case reports have been described that were managed in a similar manner with good outcomes. Therefore, even with significant scrotal involvement, if timely and appropriate treatment is administered, complete resolution of the tumour may be achieved.
Reconstruction for Limited-Projection Fluorescence Molecular Tomography Based on a Double-Mesh Strategy
Authors: Yi Huangjian , Zhang Xu , Peng Jinye , Zhao Fengjun , Wang Xiaodong , Hou Yuqing , Chen Duofang , He Xiaowei
Published: October 2016

Limited-projection fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) has short data acquisition time that allows fast resolving of the three-dimensional visualization of fluorophore within small animal in vivo. However, limited-projection FMT reconstruction suffers from severe ill-posedness because only limited projections are used for reconstruction. To alleviate the ill-posedness, a feasible region extraction strategy based on a double mesh is presented for limited-projection FMT. First, an initial result is rapidly recovered using a coarse discretization mesh. Then, the reconstructed fluorophore area in the initial result is selected as a feasible region to guide the reconstruction using a fine discretization mesh. Simulation experiments on a digital mouse and small animal experiment in vivo are performed to validate the proposed strategy. It demonstrates that the presented strategy provides a good distribution of fluorophore with limited projections of fluorescence measurements. Hence, it is suitable for reconstruction of limited-projection FMT.
Active Pedicle Epithelial Flap Transposition Combined with Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Treatment of Nonhealing Corneal Ulcers
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wang Yuexin , Jia Yanni , Liu Dongle , Li Suxia , Shi Weiyun , Gao Hua
Published: October 2016

Introduction. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of active pedicle epithelial flap transposition combined with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in treating nonhealing corneal ulcers.Material and Methods. Eleven patients (11 eyes) with nonhealing corneal ulcer who underwent the combined surgery were included. Postoperatively, ulcer healing time was detected by corneal fluorescein staining. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, surgical complications, and recurrence were recorded. Corneal status was inspected by the laser scanning confocal microscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).Results. The primary diseases were herpes simplex keratitis (8 eyes), corneal graft ulcer (2 eyes), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1 eye). All epithelial flaps were intact following surgery, without shedding or displacement. Mean ulcer healing time was10.8±3.1days, with a healing rate of 91%. Vision significantly improved from 1.70 to 0.82 log MAR (P=0.001). A significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and corneal stromal edema was revealed 2 months postoperatively by confocal microscopy and AS-OCT. Corneal ulcer recurred in 1 eye. None of the patients developed major complications.Conclusion. Active pedicle epithelial flap transposition combined with AMT is a simple and effective treatment for nonhealing corneal ulcers.
Mesoscale and Local Scale Evaluations of Quantitative Precipitation Estimates by Weather Radar Products during a Heavy Rainfall Event
Authors: Pauthier Basile , Bois Benjamin , Castel Thierry , Thévenin D. , Chateau Smith Carmela , Richard Yves
Published: October 2016

A 24-hour heavy rainfall event occurred in northeastern France from November 3 to 4, 2014. The accuracy of the quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) by PANTHERE and ANTILOPE radar-based gridded products during this particular event, is examined at both mesoscale and local scale, in comparison with two reference rain-gauge networks. Mesoscale accuracy was assessed for the total rainfall accumulated during the 24-hour event, using the Météo France operational rain-gauge network. Local scale accuracy was assessed for both total event rainfall and hourly rainfall accumulations, using the recently developed HydraVitis high-resolution rain gauge network Evaluation shows that (1) PANTHERE radar-based QPE underestimates rainfall fields at mesoscale and local scale; (2) both PANTHERE and ANTILOPE successfully reproduced the spatial variability of rainfall at local scale; (3) PANTHERE underestimates can be significantly improved at local scale by merging these data with rain gauge data interpolation (i.e., ANTILOPE). This study provides a preliminary evaluation of radar-based QPE at local scale, suggesting that merged products are invaluable for applications at very high resolution. The results obtained underline the importance of using high-density rain-gauge networks to obtain information at high spatial and temporal resolution, for better understanding of local rainfall variation, to calibrate remotely sensed rainfall products.
Conformal Vector Fields on Doubly Warped Product Manifolds and Applications
Authors: El-Sayied H. K. , Shenawy Sameh , Syied Noha
Published: October 2016

This article aimed to study and explore conformal vector fields on doubly warped product manifolds as well as on doubly warped spacetime. Then we derive sufficient conditions for matter and Ricci collineations on doubly warped product manifolds. A special attention is paid to concurrent vector fields. Finally, Ricci solitons on doubly warped product spacetime admitting conformal vector fields are considered.
Investigation of Thermostressed State of Coating Formation at Electric Contact Surfacing of “Shaft” Type Parts
Authors: Berezshnaya Olena V. , Gribkov Eduard P. , Kuznetsov Valeriy D.
Published: October 2016

The forming of coating at electric contact surfacing is considered. The mathematical model of the coating formation is developed. The method of numerical recurrent solution of the finite-difference form of static equilibrium conditions of the selected elementary volume of coating is used. This model considers distribution of thermal properties and geometric parameters along the thermal deformation zone during the process of electric contact surfacing by compact material. It is found that the change of value of speed asymmetry factor leads to increasing of the friction coefficient in zone of surfacing. This provides the forming of the coating of higher quality. The limitation of the technological capabilities of equipment for electric contact surfacing is related to the size of recoverable parts and application of high electromechanical powers. The regulation of the speed asymmetry factor allows for expanding the technological capabilities of equipment for electric contact surfacing. The nomograms for determination of the stress on the roller electrode and the finite thickness of the coating as the function of the initial thickness of the compact material and the deformation degree are shown.
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Sofosbuvir Plus Ribavirin in Elderly Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2
Authors: Nishida Naoshi , Kono Masashi , Minami Tomohiro , Chishina Hirokazu , Arizumi Tadaaki , Takita Masahiro , Yada Norihisa , Ida Hiroshi , Hagiwara Satoru , Minami Yasunori , Ueshima Kazuomi , Sakurai Tashiharu , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2016

Background: An interferon-free regimen including sofosbuvir and ribavirin (RBV) for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 (G2) infection leads to a drastic improvement of sustained virological response (SVR). However, the safety, tolerability, and efficacy in patients aged 75 or older have not been completely understood. Summary: Fifty-six patients with HCV G2 infection who were treated with sofosbuvir and weight-based dose of RBV were enrolled. Thirty-seven patients aged ≥75 and 19 patients aged ≤74 were classified as the aged and non-aged groups, respectively. The aged group was characterized by significantly more number of women, history of hepatocellular carcinoma, low serum albumin (ALB) level, low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and high fibrosis-4 index (p = 0.0029). Forty-one patients were evaluated for SVR at 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR12); of them, all but one completed the treatment scheduled for 12 weeks. The aged group showed lower SVR12 rate than the non-aged group (81.3% for aged and 96.0% for non-aged groups). Although the Hb concentration and eGFR are significantly lower in the aged group throughout the clinical course, all patients in the aged group completed the 12-week treatment with a gradual increase of serum ALB level. Key Messages: The combination of sofosbuvir plus RBV is tolerable and beneficial in patients aged >75. However, intensive management of anemia by dose reduction of RBV is necessary, which could lead to a low SVR12 rate compared to that observed in patients younger than 75 years.