bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Game of Internet B2B
Authors: O’Daniel Thomas , Yen Teoh Say
Published: May 2011

Game theory accepts the expected utility hypothesis and reduces roles to the “informed” and the “uninformed” player in order to facilitate the process of constructing mathematical models. When quality is known to the seller, but not to the buyer, private markets can be modeled as a screening game, and public exchanges as a signaling game. In a private market, the buyer moves first by revealing acceptable quality. In a public exchange, the seller moves first by publicizing product information. Adoption of the technology will ultimately depend on perception of the game and payoffs relative to risks. Price competition is a significant negative externality, and opportunistic representations a real danger. When search costs are low, scope for differentiation limited, and information about quality is incomplete or imperfect, the conditions for a lemon’s market are fulfilled. A focus on commodities, global reach, and building a positive brand image for Internet business-to-business (B2B) in general should prove effective.
Virtualisations and Its Role in Business
Authors: Kisielnicki Jerzy
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents some of the aspects of virtualisation and its role in modern society. In today’s world, a controlled virtualisation process creates enormous opportunity for economic growth of those countries and organisations, which, so far, due to various restrictions, have had no chance to become competitive in the global market. Those people and organisations that know how to make use of the opportunities presented by virtualisation may become more effective in business. Moreover, virtualisation creates the best options for intellectual enterprise development. Virtualisation is a very complex process. The author would like to discusses both the positive impact virtualisation can have on society and also some dangers or problems.
The Internationalization Efforts of Small Internet Retailers
Authors: Ramchand Anand , Pan Shan-Ling
Published: May 2011

For the Internet retailers that have managed to dominate through the dot.com fallout, the next step for many is to leverage the technology to expand their operations to a regional or global customer base. However, the internationalization of e-tail differs significantly from traditional retail because of the compounding effect of the Internet, and empirical studies are deficient in the field. This chapter studies the internationalization efforts of three small Internet retail enterprises, highlighting the issues they faced in expanding their operations to service an international customer base. The study reveals their insights and experiences in terms of access to foreign markets, infrastructure considerations, and localization strategies. Through an understanding of these issues, it is hoped that further research will shed light into the intricate relationship between internationalization and Internet retail and the factors that influence it.
Integrating the End User into Infrastructure Systems
Authors: Horan Thomas A.
Published: May 2011

This chapter analyzes the role of users in enacting Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) functions and services. Preliminary evidence from recent demonstrations and market research studies is reviewed with a focus on the role of travelers in producing and using information about traffic conditions and traveler options. The potential for systems development is then considered with specific regard to alternative mode travel, flexible travel, emergency, and commercial services. Based on these findings, several directions and recommendations are made for creating the next generation of ITS systems that enhance user-based elements. Several areas for research and development are recommended, including integrating a wider range of market segments into ITS systems planning, developing a better understanding of how users drive complex systems, and creating new institutional partnerships for delivering innovative services.
An Integrated Network Management Framework Using CORBA, Mobile Agents and Web-Based Technologies
Authors: Cui Dongming , Gutierrez Jairo A.
Published: May 2011

Today’s network management is still dominated by the platform-centered paradigm based on client/server technologies. This centralized approach has drawbacks in scalability, reliability, efficiency and flexibility, and is unsuitable for large and heterogenerous networks. Modern networks require an open management architecture, which can provide standard interfaces for information sharing among management systems, has extensibility for handling change quickly, and has means to manage large networks. Emerging technologies such as Web-, CORBA-, and Mobile Agent-based technologies represent an excellent opportunity to solve these problems. In this chapter a new Web-based network management framework is proposed, which combines the strengths of these novel ways of managing networks and the results of a prototype implementation are discussed. Our preliminary results indicate that the integration of Web-, CORBA-, and Mobile Agent-based technologies within an Integrated Network Management System framework can dramatically improve the performance of the networked environment.
Introducing Non-functional Requirements in UML
Authors: Salazar-Zarate Guadalupe , Botella Pere , Dahanayake Ajantha
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces an approach concerned with the non-functional features of software systems. The specific objectives of the research focus on the possibility of developing mechanisms to capture non-functional information in the development of software systems in a similar manner to its counterpart, the functional information. Particularly, the research described in this chapter focuses on the possible extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) (Booch et al., 1998). In order to get an initial specification of some non-functional requirements, the Software Quality Standard ISO/IEC 9126 (International Standard, 1991) is used. The language NoFun (Botella et al., 2001) is the basis used to achieve some organization about the non-functional concepts used in this approach.
Redefining the Manufacturing Enterprise through Information Technology
Authors: Tu Qiang , Wang Wei
Published: May 2011

This chapter identifies the profound impact of modern information technology on the manufacturing industry. Advanced manufacturing technologies, coupled with organization-wide information systems infrastructures, have offered manufacturing firms tremendous opportunities for sustainable competitive advantages. To fully realize the new technologies’ strategic benefits, however, manufacturing management must both abandon traditional industrial mindsets and redesign manufacturing systems for maximum enterprise integration. Technology is, after all, merely an enabling factor. It requires other corresponding organizational changes to reach its full potential. We, the authors, also introduce current research ideas in the areas of information technology and of manufacturing strategic management.
IT Architecture in Strategic Alliance Negotiations
Authors: Mandal Purnendu
Published: May 2011

In forming strategic alliances managers should consider information technological fit along with other business considerations among partners. The development of IT architecture for the new situation and its use in the negotiation process could potentially be rewarding for all the parties involved. This chapter uses a case study to describe the way in which the development of IT architecture for the proposed alliance between an information and communications technology (ICT) organisation and its partners helped in the negotiation process. A telecommunications organisation (TEL) intended to enter into the retail electricity distribution business in alliance with existing operators in the retail electricity industry so that TEL could improve its market position. An IT architecture for the new market situation was developed, which helped in understanding the future informational requirements and dependence of partners on each other.
Partnering for Success in Application Service Provision
Authors: Tebboune D. E.S. , Seltsikas Philip
Published: May 2011

Application Service Provision (ASP), which consists of deploying, managing and remotely hosting software applications through centrally located servers, is emerging as a new form of application outsourcing that is attractive to many sectors. This chapter shows that the concept of strategic alliances is highly relevant to the ASP model. The chapter illustrates this with two cases, one of which was a failure because of inappropriate partnership management. The authors highlight the importance of focusing on the management of alliances instead of how to form them, by presenting a life cycle approach to alliances. The chapter also relates the immaturity of the ASP market to the difficulty in measuring the success of strategic alliances formed in this context. This chapter concludes by presenting predictions about the future of ASP.
M-Commerce
Authors: Jukic Nenad , Sharma Abhishek , Jukic Boris , Parameswaran Manoj
Published: May 2011

Mobile Commerce (m-commerce) has been defined as a process of conducting commercial transactions via “mobile” telecommunications networks using a communication, information, and payment devices such as a mobile phone or a palmtop unit. Here, we analyze the potential ramifications in the field of marketing and changes in the market due to the advent of m-commerce. In particular, we analyze the opportunities that various characteristics of the m-commerce model can bring to the field of marketing. We investigate the likelihood of the emergence of mall-like zones that are based both on the geographical proximity of services and goods providers and the use of mobile communication devices. Such zones have a potential for becoming the basic units for any analysis of m-commerce scenarios. As m-commerce attains maturity, the zones could become the fundamental parameter in marketing evaluation.
An E-Channel Development Framework for Hybrid E-Retailers
Authors: Lee In
Published: May 2011

Due to the profound impact of e-commerce on organizations, e-channel development emerged as one of the most important challenges that managers face. Unfortunately, studies indicate that managers in most large companies are still unclear about an e-commerce strategy, and tend to lack adequate e-commerce development expertise. Poorly planned and developed e-commerce channels add little value to organizations. Furthermore, these poorly developed e-channels may even have negative impact on their organizations by confusing and disappointing customers who value a seamless cross-channel experience. To develop an e-channel that delivers higher utility to customers and generates sustainable long-term profits, managers need to analyze how an e-commerce channel affects the performance of existing channels and develop a company-wide e-channel development program. Based on a number of e-commerce case studies, we developed an e-channel development framework that consists of five step-by-step phases: (1) strategic analysis; (2) e-channel planning; (3) e-channel system design; (4) e-channel system development; and (5) performance evaluation and refinement. This framework helps managers evaluate the impact of e-commerce channels on organizational performance and determine the most appropriate channel design and integration mechanisms for the achievement of business strategies. This paper also discusses impact of e-channel structures on organizational performance.
ERP System Acquisition
Authors: Bernroider Edward W.N. , Koch Stefan
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces the ERP software acquisition process based on a rational or normative decision-making approach embedded within the wider ERP system lifecycle. It presents five hypotheses closely related to practical problems during ERP system acquisition, which were derived from a review of recent academic literature and suggestions from students, practitioners and researchers. Based on perceptions of an empirical survey of Austrian organizations, the hypotheses and every stage of the proposed acquisition process model were investigated. Special consideration was given to the differences between small to medium and large organizations. It was assumed that these differ in several phases of the acquisition process. As most ERP system suppliers are today striving to penetrate the market segment of small to medium enterprises, with the market for large organizations mostly saturated, this point warrants particular interest.
Enterprise Application Integration
Authors: Schelp Joachim , Rowohl Frederic
Published: May 2011

When closing the loop back to legacy systems, data warehousing is becoming a general IT integration topic, which is — partly — discussed under the label enterprise application integration. This article enables the interested reader to identify current problems in enterprise application integration. It shows solutions reached in previous research efforts, as well as solutions provided by today’s software vendors. Finally, it sums up the pending gaps and open research fields.
Context Management of ERP Processes in Virtual Communities
Authors: Daneshgar Farhad
Published: May 2011

A methodology is proposed for sharing the contextual knowledge/resources that flow within ERP processes in virtual communities. Context is represented by a set of relevant collaborative semantic concepts or “objects.” These are the objects that are localised/contextualised to specific sub-process within the ERP process. Two sets of objects are identified: (i) objects that make up a community member’s actual contextual knowledge/resources with regards to the ERP process, and (ii) objects that make up the required contextual knowledge that various sub-processes/tasks expect from the member to possess for successful execution of those tasks. The excess of the objects in (ii) compared to those in (i) are identified and are put within the focus of the community member in order to enable the member to effectively participate in various collaborative interactions within the community’s ERP process(es).
A Hybrid Clustering Technique to Improve Patient Data Quality
Authors: Gorla Narasimhaiah , Bennon Chow Y.K.
Published: May 2011

The demographic and clinical description of each patient is recorded in the databases of various hospital information systems. The errors in patient data are: wrong data entry, absence of information provided by the patient, improper identity of the patients (in case of tourists in Hong Kong), etc. These data errors will lead to a phenomenon that records of the same patient will be shown as records of different patients. In order to solve this problem, we use “clustering,” a data mining technique, to group “similar” patients together. We used three algorithms: hierarchical clustering, partitioned clustering, and hybrid algorithm combining these two, and applied on the patient data using a C program. We used six attributes of patient data: Sex, DOB, Name, Marital status, District, and Telephone number as the basis for computing similarity, with some weights to the attributes. We found that the Hybrid algorithm gave more accurate grouping compared to the other algorithms, had smaller mean square error, and executed faster. Due to the privacy ordinance, the true data of patients is not shown, but only simulated data is used.
Relevance and Micro-Relevance for the Professional as Determinants of IT-Diffusion and IT-Use in Healthcare
Authors: Schuring Roel W. , Spil Ton A.M.
Published: May 2011

User-adoption of new IT-applications is the proof-of-the-pudding when it comes to IT-success in healthcare. As a consequence, many studies are made of the role of the users in the introduction of new IT in both theory and practice. This paper introduces relevance and micro-relevance as key determinants of IT-diffusion and IT-use, respectively. Relevance is the degree to which the user expects that the IT-system will solve his problems or help to realize his actually relevant goals. Micro-relevance is the degree to which IT-use helps to solve the here-and-now problem of the user in his working process. Central to both concepts is the degree to which goals or problems that IT is related to are actually pressing in nature. Goals and problems that are less pressing do not result in relevance. Goals that are pressing may still not be micro-relevant on the level of executing work. A study amongst 56 general practitioners (GPs) on the introduction of an Electronic Prescription System (EPS) demonstrated the importance of relevance and micro-relevance. To these GPs, time-pressure and communication with pharmacy and hospitals were highest on the agenda. In that light, the innovation of EPS was not relevant. Lack of micro-relevance level obstructed intensive use of EPD by those who had introduced the innovation. As a consequence, those who adopted the EPD only used it sparsely.
Software and Systems Engineering
Authors: Gibson Rick
Published: May 2011

This chapter will identify the key aspects of software engineering and systems engineering in an effort to highlight areas of consensus and conflict to support current efforts by practitioners and academics in both disciplines in redefining their professions and bodies of knowledge. By using the Software Engineering Institute’s Capability Maturity Model –Integrated (CMMISM) project, which combines best practices from the systems and software engineering disciplines, it can be shown that significant point of agreement and consensus are evident. Nevertheless, valid objections to such integration remain as areas of conflict. This chapter will provide an opportunity for these two communities to resolve unnecessary differences in terminology and methodologies that are reflected in their different perspectives and entrenched in their organizational cultures.
Learning Systems and their Engineering
Authors: Plekhanova Valentina
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents a project proposal that defines future work in engineering the learning processes in cognitive systems. This proposal outlines a number of directions in the fields of systems engineering, machine learning, knowledge engineering and profile theory, that lead to the development of formal methods for the modeling and engineering of learning systems. This chapter describes a framework for formalization and engineering the cognitive processes, which is based on applications of computational methods. The proposed work studies cognitive processes in software development process and considers a cognitive system as a multi-agents system of human-cognitive agents. It is important to note that this framework can be applied to different types of learning systems, and there are various techniques from different theories (e.g., system theory, quantum theory, neural networks) can be used for the description of cognitive systems, which in turn can be represented by different types of cognitive agents.
Towards Construction of Business Components
Authors: Batanov Dentcho N. , Arch-int Somjit
Published: May 2011

Global competition among today’s enterprises forces their business processes to evolve constantly, leading to changes in corresponding Web-based application systems. Most existing approaches that extend the traditional software engineering to develop Web-based application systems are based on object-oriented methods. Such methods emphasize modeling individual object behaviors instead of system behavior. This chapter proposes the Business Process-Based Methodology (BPBM) for developing such systems. It uses a business process as a unified conceptual framework for analyzing relationships between a business process and associated business objects and for identifying business activities and designing object-oriented components called business components. We propose measures for coupling and cohesion measurement in order to ensure that these business components enable the potential reusability. These business components can more clearly represent semantic system behaviors than linkages of individual object behaviors. A change made to one business process impacts some encapsulated atomic components within the respective business component without affecting other parts of the system. A business component is divided into parts suitable for implementation of multitier Web-based application systems.
An OO Methodology Based on the Unified Process for GIS Application Development
Authors: Garcia-Consuegra Jesús D.
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces an object-oriented methodology for Geographical Information Systems (GIS) development. It argues that a COTS-based development methodology combined with the UML, can be extended to support the spatiotemporal peculiarities that characterize GIS applications. The author hopes that by typifying both enterprises and developments, and, with a thorough knowledge of the software component granularity in the GIS domain, it will be possible to extend and adapt the proposed COTS-based methodologies to cover the full lifecycle. Moreover, some recommendations are outlined to translate the methodology to the commercial iCASE Rational Suite Enterprise and its relationships with tool kits proposed by some GIS COTS vendors.
Technology and Knowledge Management
Authors: Mitchell Helen J.
Published: May 2011

Technology, having made rapid and extensive advances particularly in the area of communications, has opened opportunities for the gathering of information and providing a means through which knowledge can be shared. Organisations are recognising that information and knowledge will have an important bearing on where they are going in the future. While technologies are a means to link functional areas providing effective conduit for information and the sharing of knowledge, people within the organisation must be well trained in the use and understanding of technology for maximum benefit to be gained. Referred to frequently as just being an enabler, technology does add value. Without technology, organisations would find it very difficult to access the vast amount of information that is available in the external environment. They would not be able to link people both internally and externally for the sharing of knowledge and it is through sharing of ideas that new innovations emerge. While technology can be identified as an enabler it also adds considerable value to the management and operation of organisations.
On the Design of Knowledge Management System for R&D Organization
Authors: Park Yongtae , Kim Yeongho , Kang Intae
Published: May 2011

This chapter proposes a framework for designing knowledge management system (KMS) for R&D organization. Broadly, KMS comprises two principal modules: a process management module to administer knowledge activities to generate and utilize knowledge, and a contents management module to deal with knowledge contents, input and output of knowledge activities. The two modules are then materialized through two operational systems: workflow management system (WFMS) for R&D process and R&D knowledge management system (RKMS) for R&D contents. As a building block to integrate the two systems, workflow-based knowledge map is suggested. The authors admit that the research is an exploratory proposal that suggests merely a conceptual scheme. Therefore, it is required to elaborate detailed procedure and materialize real system.
User Interfaces and Markup Language Programming
Authors: Hsu Jeffery
Published: May 2011

The role of the user interface (interaction mode) is of considerable importance, since the method of interaction can have an impact on both performance and satisfaction with regards to using a programming language. While markup languages are now widely used for Web page and site design and electronic publishing applications, they have not been studied adequately compared with other kinds of languages. The impact of interaction mode, in this case command-based coding, versus using a form-fill-in wizard, is examined, with respect to performance and satisfaction while performing a survey-oriented task. Skill level, which classified users as being either a novice or experienced, was another factor, which was taken into account in this study. The results showed the use of wizards brought about better performance than using the command language, and the difference between modes was far greater for novices rather than experienced users. In addition, using the wizard tended to equalize performance across skill levels. With regards to system satisfaction, there were significant differences between interaction modes, however no differences were reported between skill levels. These differences in performance and satisfaction should be noted and considered when designing interactive systems for programming-related applications.
Development of a Task Model for the Analysis and Retrieval of Statistical Data
Authors: Hyland Peter N.
Published: May 2011

This chapter explores the task of retrieving and analysing statistical data from external sources, such as national statistical agencies, government departments, the World Bank, etc. Although external statistical data (ESD) is widely used in planning, decision-making and project evaluation, the process of gathering and analysing such data is poorly understood. This chapter describes the usability testing of a prototype Statistical Information System (SIS) and uses the data gathered during that testing to develop an initial task model for retrieving and analysing ESD. The proposed task model would be useful in the development of improved Statistical Information Systems, particularly those intended for use by casual or ad hoc users.
Changing a Business School Corporate Culture
Authors: Nightingale Jennifer P.
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces the concept of an Academic Management System, which is designed to enhance communication among faculty, staff, students, and administration. Using an Academic Management System, built within a Course Management System, has the potential to improve communication, reduce administrative costs, and allow 24-hour access to information. The experience of one university that integrated these technologies has had a positive effect throughout campus and, as a result, several other programs are now developing similar sites for their faculty, staff, students and administration.
Conceiving Architectural Aspects for Quality Software Education through the Constructivist Perspective
Authors: Vat Kam Hou
Published: May 2011

This chapter describes the initiative to incorporate the practice of quality software education (QSE) into our undergraduate curriculum concerning the engineering of software. We discuss how the constructivist’s method of problem-based learning (PBL) helps develop this QSE practice in our students’ daily learning. We also expound the idea of an architectural context to building information systems (IS) solutions, supported by the industry’s emerging consensus that architecture provides the kind of thinking and methods we need to develop today’s complex systems. Our QSE approach focuses on designing problems, which require the building of a sensible IS architecture characterized by objects of different services. Our QSE approach is outlined in terms of a state-of-the-practice management philosophy called action learning, modified for educational scenarios, so that our students could learn to acquire their collaborative software engineering and management experience in the practice of architected applications development. To conclude, the criteria used to evaluate the working of our learning scenario and the challenge in combining action learning with PBL in innovating different QSE experiences for our students is discussed.
Tracking through Information Technology Education
Authors: Slazinski Erick D. , Lisack Susan K.
Published: May 2011

With a projected 2.26 million additional jobs to fill in various computer fields by the year 2010, there are and will continue to be ample job opportunities in the computer industry. However, the computer field is far too broad for one individual to be an expert in the entire field. Therefore, it may be more useful for students to have the opportunity to concentrate their studies in a specific interest area within a broader information technology degree. This chapter discusses the creation of a database track within an Information Technology (IT) or Computer Information Systems (CIS) degree program so that undergraduate students can choose to focus on this specialty area in their junior and senior years.
Required Software Proficiency in General Education and Business Courses
Authors: Lynam Linda
Published: May 2011

Approximately 1,100 students in a general education computer course at a Midwestern state university with a technology focus were required to demonstrate competency in Microsoft Word®, Excel®, and PowerPoint® during the Fall 2001 and Spring 2002 semesters. The entrance requirement at the university requires a minimum of an ACT score of 20 or in the upper two-thirds of their high school graduating class. Many students are in the 20 to 23 range of ACT scores. A large portion of the students lack high school experience in independent study and individual responsibility. Results of the project indicate that students with little experience in self-responsibility can achieve at the university level when required.
E-Business Education for Everyone
Authors: Atienza Rumel V.
Published: May 2011

Since its inception at the close of the past millennium, e-business has rapidly and continuously changed the conduct of business. However, the incoming generation of the Philippine workforce, particularly those who do not have sufficient exposure to computer technology and business, may not be able to cope, due to lack of academic preparation. Information technology practitioners and academicians can turn this threat into an opportunity by adopting a system of breakthrough practices in e-business education based on benchmarking studies in various universities in Asia and North America. The system proved to be highly effective, based on its pilot run.
Smart ProFlexLearn
Authors: Ghaoui Claude , Janvier W. A.
Published: May 2011

This chapter is based on the authors’ vision that “A virtual university should be, to the learner, a distance or online learning environment that can be transmitted via the World Wide Web by an intelligent tool that is intuitive to use, a simulation of the real-world learning experience and, at all stages, interacts with the learner’s changing profile.”
SEGODON
Authors: Yoshino Takashi , Munemori Jun
Published: May 2011

We have developed learning support systems, named SEGODON and SEGODON-PDA. SEGODON consists of personal computers and a Local Area Network (LAN). SEGODON-PDA consists of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and wireless LAN. We have applied them to classes, the results of which show that the class using SEGODON was not superior to the usual class which did not use digital equipment. The result of the end-term examination was almost the same regardless of the systems’ used. The result of the evaluation using SEGODON-PDA was comparatively high. We analyzed the results and found that good results were derived from the curiosity of students in the class using new digital equipment like a PDA.
Employing Intelligent and Adaptive Methods for Online Learning
Authors: Garrett Bernard Mark , Roberts George
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we will explore the potential for employing artificial intelligence and adaptive methods into online learning applications. The existing and newly developing technologies for representing knowledge will be explored and the pedagogic implications for online learning discussed, including examining the roles of intelligent tutoring systems, decision support systems and pedagogic agents. In the wider context, the role of search engines, browsers and virtual learning environments will also be discussed in the context of intelligent systems, and the problems in implementing intelligent web based learning systems in mainstream educational practice.
Ensuring Usability in International Web-Based E-Learning Systems
Authors: Smith Andy
Published: May 2011

E-learning systems cross national borders, are used by people in different cultures, and are applied in culturally different contexts. A number of factors highlight the need to be acutely aware of the role of culture as part of the whole e-learning environment. In mainstream systems development, effective strategies that address cultural issues in both the product and the process of development now often are critical to systems success. In relation to the product of development, cultural differences in signs, meanings, actions, conventions, norms or values, etc., raise new research issues ranging from technical usability to methodological and ethical issues of culture in information systems. In relation to the process of development, cultural differences affect the manner in which users are able to participate in design and to act as subjects in evaluation studies. This chapter provides a summary of the main issues within cross-cultural usability with an emphasis on web-based systems. It discusses the application of generic models and theories to the field of e-learning systems and provides an agenda for future research required to ensure usability in international web-based e-learning systems.
A Sign Language Teaching System Using Sign Language Recognition and Generation Methods
Authors: Sagawa Hirohiko , Takeuchi Masaru
Published: May 2011

We have developed a sign language teaching system that uses sign language recognition and generation methods to overcome three problems with current learning materials: a lack of information about non-manual gestures (facial expressions, glances, head movements, etc.), display of gestures from only one or two points of view, and a lack of feedback about the correctness of the learner’s gestures. Experimental evaluation by 24 non-hearing-impaired people demonstrated that the system is effective for learning sign language.
Investigation into Factors that Influence the Use of the Web in Knowledge-Intensive Environments
Authors: Kim Yong Jin , Rao H. Raghav , Chaudhury Abhijit
Published: May 2011

The paper develops a set of hypotheses regarding the relationship between the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) constructs and external variables such as individual differences, organizational factors, and risk factors. It uses TAM as a basis to hypothesize the effects of each external variable on the use of the Web as knowledge-transfer tool in the university context. The sample of this study will be professors in a university. The contributions of this chapter are twofold. First of all, this study may give an insight regarding the question of when and who is an eager user of new technologies for learning. Secondly, this chapter is the first one to use technology acceptance model in the context of knowledge-management systems.
Incremental Data Allocation and Reallocation in Distributed Database Systems
Authors: Chin Amita Goyal
Published: May 2011

In a distributed database system, an increase in workload typically necessitates the installation of additional database servers followed by the implementation of expensive data reorganization strategies. We present the Partial REALLOCATE and Full REALLOCATE heuristics for efficient data reallocation. Complexity is controlled and cost minimized by allowing only incremental introduction of servers into the distributed database system. Using first simple examples and then, a simulator, our framework for incremental growth and data reallocation in distributed database systems is shown to produce near optimal solutions when compared with exhaustive methods.
Using Business Rules within a Design Process of Active Databases
Authors: Amghar Youssef , Meziane Madjid , Flory Andre
Published: May 2011

Modeling behavior is an important task of the information system engineering process. This task is especially important when information systems are centered on active databases, which allow the replacement of parts of application programs with active rules. To relieve programmers from using either traditional or ad hoc techniques to design active databases, it is necessary to develop new techniques to model business rules. For that reason, inclusion of rules during analysis and design stages becomes an actual requirement. In this paper, we propose a uniform approach to modeling business rules (active rules, integrity constraints, etc. ). To improve the behavior specification, we extend the state diagrams that are widely used for dynamic modeling. This extension is a transformation of state transitions according to rule semantics. In addition, we outline new functionalities of Computer Aided System Engineering (CASE) to take into consideration the active database specificities. In this way, the designer can be assisted to control, maintain, and reuse a set of rules.
An Electronic Commerce Framework for Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Pidduck Anne Banks , Tran Quang Ngoc
Published: May 2011

The accessibility of the Internet and the World Wide Web has provided an excellent means for presenting, disseminating and distributing information. As well, this is a new and convenient channel for businesses to reach customers and other businesses. In this chapter, we describe an electronic commerce framework for small business. We discuss various services that a typical small business may want to provide its customers. Possible technologies to implement the services are examined and, finally, a prototype to generate such a model will be suggested.
The VLEG Based Production and Maintenance Process for Web-based Learning Applications
Authors: Schellhase Jorg , Winand Udo
Published: May 2011

For the realization and maintenance of high quality and complex Web-based applications, there is a need to use sound Web-engineering principles. This chapter presents an application for the realization, management and maintenance of Web-based learning applications. Web-based learning applications are very important for the area of E-Learning, which is a field of increasing importance for E-Commerce.
Enterprise Intelligence
Authors: Cavalcanti Marcos , Gomes Elisabeth
Published: May 2011

In the present article, we introduce the idea that the economical models, based upon the three traditional production factors, should be revised regarding the incorporation of the Knowledge as an essential instrument of the economical production itself. Through the necessary recognition of this point-of-view, we propose a new concept for the business administration in the Knowledge Society, the Enterprise Intelligence, and we introduce, as well, a model for the management of the Knowledge capital. We also suggest and would like to discuss a few ideas of how developing countries like Brazil should position itself on this new Economics.
Web-Based Teaching
Authors: Hoole Dushyanthi , Hoole S. Ratnajeevan H.
Published: May 2011

The use of educational technologies is widely recognised as beneficial (IEEE, 1998; Hoole, 1988). However, cogent arguments have been made by those who have invested much time in the development of courseware for teaching (Hoberg, 1993; Vanderplaats, 1993) that the use of the technology dominates the class so much that the subject being taught tends to get lost. In this milieu, the appearance of the Internet and the Web, and following that, Web-based teaching, offers new opportunities with caution as a caveat. Unlike courseware where an individual instructor sits down and writes programs for his class, the difference with the Web is that demands in terms of infrastructure are heavy. Not only that, while in the West, things such as a networked campus, Internet connections, etc. are taken for granted, in the Third World (defined for the purposes of this article as those countries that are not a part of North America, Europe, Australia and the newly industrialised countries of Asia such as Singapore, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan), these facilities are rare. Simply asking for all the relevant infrastructure one needs for teaching will often not produce the funds. As a result, Third World instructors wishing to embark on Web-based teaching must create a wide demand based on needs that go beyond simply teaching for these facilities and, thereby try to get what they want. They must also improvise and produce new ways of teaching with the Web. This chapter spells out the attempts by the authors, still experimental, in producing new ways of teaching with the Web and the attempts by which an infrastructure for Web-based teaching was created at the Open University of Sri Lanka.
Distance Education in the Online World
Authors: Marshall Stewart , Gregor Shirley
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, the authors identify forces leading to change in industries in the online world, including increasing global competition, increasingly powerful consumers and rapid changes in technology. In the higher education industry, outcomes are evolving, but include the formation of alliances, outsourcing and re-engineering of systems and work practices. The communication and information technologies that created the online world also link lecturers, tutors, and teaching resources to create the possibility of networked education. The authors outline a “glocal” networked education paradigm that separates out global and local resource development and global and local learning facilitation. By embracing this separation, it is possible to develop ways of working that allow the creation of a flexible model of education delivery that is scalable and hence globally competitive. In this model, the work of the university academic is changed considerably. The functions traditionally performed by a single university academic are differentiated and are performed by a network of learning facilitators. In this scenario, university academics may find themselves responsible for the learning of hundreds of students, but they may never find themselves face-to-face with a single student.
Classroom Component of an Online Learning Community
Authors: Gerhard Julia , Mayr Peter , Seufert Sabine
Published: May 2011

The Internet not only affects various fields of business but also the educational sector increasingly. The impact of Internet technologies on the way of learning are immense. New learning scenarios arise; learning processes shift; learning methods are technologically better supported (Reeves, 1992). On a content side, it is possible to present knowledge in a network in the form of hypertexts. In addition, the participants of an educational program can benefit from a personal network developed in online supported learning communities (Paloff and Pratt, 1999). This development challenges educational institutions to find successful ways of integrating the emerging learning scenarios and learning processes. To overcome disadvantages like isolation of students, slower learning progress because of missing team spirit, or low involvement of students in the learning material, educational institutions should not just use the Internet as a new distribution channel of old learning methods, but employ the Internet’s chances to provide students with the knowledge required for a successful professional life as well as to prepare them for lifelong learning and a continuing education.
Audio and Video Streaming in Online Learning
Authors: Muraleedharan P. G.
Published: May 2011

Online Learning Systems provide educational and training services at anytime, in any location, and often when the resources would not otherwise be available. Major technologies that have been responsible for the growth of online learning include advances in PC technologies, improved connectivity, better bandwidth capabilities of the Web, video conferencing, and the streaming of audio and video. Audio and video streaming technology will play a key role in most online learning programs of the future. In the past, audio and video files were directly accessed from the Web servers and were subjected to larger wait time for a user browsing the Web. Today, live videos can be displayed without wait time using streaming technology. The two major players in media streaming technology are Microsoft and Real Networks. Both provide the media servers, content development tools, and streaming media players. Version 4.0 of Windows Media Technologies contains a rich suite of products and features that you can use to create, deliver, and play streaming media for applications ranging from news and entertainment to e-commerce, corporate communications, and distance learning. Windows Media On-Demand Producer, a component of the Windows Media Tools, simplifies the creation of streaming media content. Once your streaming media content is created, you can publish it on a media server using Windows Media On-Demand Producer. Similarly, RealProducer, an integral part of the RealNetworks RealSystem 8, creates streaming media from audio and video. The media clips can be published on a RealServer using RealProducer.
What Do Good Designers Know That We Don't?
Authors: Jennings Morgan
Published: May 2011

The research reported in this paper was an investigation of the engaging and immersive properties of game and learning environments. The qualitative study was done in cooperation with six elite designers and two team members of recognized and/or award-winning products. From the findings, a prescriptive aesthetic framework was developed based on (a) data and (b) aesthetic experience literature. Aesthetics were reviewed because popular multimedia environments appear to arouse the same characteristics as aesthetic experience. Results indicate that this may indeed be the case.
E-Commerce Curriculum Development and Implementation
Authors: Knight Linda V. , Chan Susy S.
Published: May 2011

The very nature of e-commerce requires a rapid, flexible approach to curriculum development. This chapter describes a successful model for the design and development of an e-commerce curriculum, and chronicles the experiences of DePaul University’s School of Computer Science, Telecommunications, and Information Systems in developing an e-commerce master’s degree. Eight key principles for universities seeking to embark on a new e-commerce curriculum are identified. The chapter updates earlier work presented at the 2000 Information Resources Management Association Conference (Knight & Chan).
Enterprise Resource Planning and Knowledge Management Systems
Authors: Huang Jimmy C. , Newell Sue , Galliers Robert D. , Pan Shan-Ling
Published: May 2011

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and knowledge management (KM) systems promise organizations the benefits of enhancing competitiveness and continuous revitalization. This chapter compares the characteristic differences and similarities between the two initiatives and examines how they influence organizational efficiency and flexibility when implemented within a global engineering firm. We suggest that the two initiatives are conceptually complementary but can only create a synergy when the design of organizational routines and practices fits into the meta-routines imposed by ERP and KM, and the social processes are nurtured within functions and cross-functionally.
Knowledge Management for Enterprise Systems - First Empirical Insights
Authors: Chan Roy , Rosemann Michael
Published: May 2011

Enterprise systems are comprehensive and complex applications that form the core business operating system for many companies worldwide and throughout most industries. The selection, implementation, use and continuous change and evolution of enterprise systems (ES) require a great amount of knowledge and experience. Empirical studies show that the management of knowledge is one of the main cost drivers of Enterprise Systems projects. Consequently, organizations have realized the need to better leverage their knowledge management for Enterprise Systems. This chapter proposes a framework for structuring knowledge for Enterprise Systems. This three-dimensional framework is derived from meta-case studies and comprehensive literature analysis. It consists of dimensions for the ES life cycle, the Knowledge Management life cycle and the types of knowledge. Preliminary empirical insights show that especially the lack of soft knowledge is a critical success factor that leads to significant consulting costs in ES projects.