bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ornament on the Pendhok of the Surakarta Kris
Authors: - Guntur
Published: November 2018

The type of ornament found on the Javanese kris pendhok is rarely discussed from an iconographic point of view. The pendhok is the decorative protection plating found on the sheath of the kris, usually made from metals such as silver, bronze, copper, brass, and even gold. The kris is a Javanese dagger. This essay focuses on the pendok ornament of the Surakarta kris, and on its symbolism. The pendhok is a â€˜patronageâ€™ art, traditionally manufactured by palaceâ€™s mranggi-s(the sheath maker), and today by kris craftsmen. Its various motifs--vegetation, plants, animals, or other motifs--are combined with lung-lungan (curly, vegetation-looking forms) in such a way as to create symmetric-vertical ornaments. The lung-lungan and alas-alasan (the forest as cosmos) motifs are more numerous than flora, wayang puppets, and geometrical motifs. The designs emphasizeÂ  symmetry, repetition and harmony as their basic principle. The ornament style is believed to embody the â€˜syncretic-mystiqueâ€™ of Javanese Islam. The ornamentsÂ  embossed on the surface usually refer to pre-Islamic, Hindu-Buddha notions.Ornamen pendhok keris sebagai ikonografi Jawa jarang dibahas. Pendhok adalah lapisan dekoratif pelindung keris, yang biasanya terbuat dari berbagai logam seperti perak, perunggu, tembaga, kuningan, dan bahkan emas. Keris adalah jenis senjata tusuk Jawa. Artikel ini difokuskan pada hiasan pendhok dari keris Surakarta, dan simbolismenya dalam pencitraan Jawa. Pada awalnya, ornamen pendhok adalah seni â€˜patronâ€™, yang dibuat oleh mranggi istana (pembuat sarung), dan saat ini â€˜diciptakan kembaliâ€™ oleh para pembuat keris di banyak tempat. Motif bunga, tanaman, hewan, atau figural pada pendhok, adalah komposisi dan penggabungan dengan lung-lungan (penggayaan tanaman) sebagai cara untuk membentuk irama ornamen secara simetris-vertikal, ornamen disederhanakan sebagai lung-lungan. Motif lung-lungan dan alas-alasan (kosmos hutan dalam imajinasi spiritual), mendominasi gaya ornamen dibandingkan dengan motif lain seperti tanaman/flora, wayang (boneka), dan geometri. Komposisi simetri, repetitif, dan harmoni menjadi yang paling â€˜prinsipâ€™ pada desain. Gaya ornamen diyakini melambangkan â€˜sinkretis-mistikâ€™ dari Jawa - Islam, ornamen yang â€˜timbulâ€™ pada permukaan yang berdimensi, menjadi ekspresi relief, yang sebagian besar menandakan seni yang diadopsi pra-Islam: Hindu â€“ BuddhaÂ
Farklı İdeolojik Kimlikler Açısından Sosyal Medyanın Anlam ve Önemi
Authors: VATANDAŞ Saniye
Published: November 2018

Yeni iletişim teknolojileri,
insanlara duygu, düşünce ve ürünlerini başkalarıyla son derece hızlı ve kolay
bir şekilde paylaşmalarının imkânlarını sunmaktadır. Sosyal medya bunlardan
birisi ve en güncel olanıdır. Sosyal medya, çok kısa sürede günümüz insanının
günlük rutinleri arasında kendine yer bulmuş ve her geçen gün daha fazla sayıda
insanın kullandığı bir iletişim aracı haline gelmiştir. Özellikle gençler
arasında kullanım değeri bakımından hızlı bir yükseliş gösteren sosyal
medya, diğer yandan da günümüzün geleneksel medyasına rakip olmakta; hatta kimi
zaman tehdit eder duruma gelmektedir. Bu çalışma “sosyal medya” ile “kimlik”
ilişkisi hakkındadır. Kimlik en geniş anlamıyla, bireyin tüm özelliklerini
kapsamakta; hem kişinin kendisini nasıl gördüğüyle, hem de toplum tarafından
nasıl görüldüğüyle ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada, beş farklı ideolojik kimlik
üzerinden sosyal medyanın önemi ve anlamı ele alınacaktır. Söz konusu beş
kimlik “Sosyal demokrat”, “Dindar”, “Kemalist”, “Milliyetçi” ve “Liberal”
kimlikleridir. Araştırma 15-30 yaş grubundaki gençlerle ilgili olup,
araştırmanın evreni Türkiye’deki tüm gençlerdir. Tabakalı örnekleme tekniği ile
oluşturulmuş örneklem grup 5917 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Anket ile elde edilen
veriler SPSS ile analiz edilmiştir.
Gazetecilik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Gözünden Yeni Medya Çağında Gazetecilik
Authors: BAYRAKTUTAN Günseli , BİLECEN Nedim Serhat , KARAKAYA Ali , YETKİN Barış
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, gazetecilik alanında
lisans eğitimi alan geleceğin habercilerinin yeni medya çağında medya
profesyonelliği bağlamında özellikle dijitalleşme ile birlikte ortaya çıkan
görünümleri nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını ve gelecekten beklentilerini ortaya
koyabilmektir.

Bunun için Giresun Üniversitesi Tirebolu
İletişim Fakültesi bünyesinde etkinlik gösteren Gazetecilik Atölyesi’nde
katılımcı olan gazetecilik bölümü lisans öğrencileriyle 2018 akademik yılının
bahar döneminde odak grup görüşmeleri yapılmıştır. Bu öğrencilerin seçilme
nedeni ileriki yaşamlarında profesyonel olarak habercilik alanında çalışmaya
niyetlenmiş bireylerden oluşmalarıdır. Söz konusu atölye için niyet mektubu
yazarak ve bir mülakat sonucu seçilmişlerdir. Bu nedenle alana ilişkin
kavrayışları ve beklentileri bağlamında hem entelektüel olarak hem de pratik
anlamda diğer öğrencilerden daha donanımlı oldukları varsayılmaktadır.

Odak grup görüşmeleri aracılığıyla gazetecilik
mesleği bağlamında gelecek için beklentileri, geleceği nasıl çerçeveledikleri,
mesleği nasıl anlamlandırdıkları, dijital çağda gazetecilik tartışmalarına
egemen kavramları ve süreçleri nasıl değerlendirdikleri (örn. veri
gazeteciliği, kitle fonlu gazetecilik, kullanıcı türevli içerik vb.) ve etik
tartışmasını yeni medya dolayımlı nasıl kavradıklarına ilişkin tartışmaları
içermektedir.

Çalışmanın yan hedeflerinden birisi de
geleceğe dönük gazetecilik eğitiminin gözden geçirilmesi sürecine dijital yerli
diye tanımlayabileceğimiz bir kuşağın geribildirimlerini de dâhil
edebilmektir.
Popüler Tarihin Dijital Boyutu: Youtube’daki Tarih Kanallarının İncelenmesi
Authors: MENCET Mustafa Sami , ERGİN Koray
Published: November 2018

Türkiye’de son dönemlerde üretim ve tüketim bağlamında gittikçe artan bir ilgi gören popüler tarih anlatıcılığı, tarihin aslında hikâyeleştirilmiş kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Tarihî olayların hikâyeleştirilmesi ilgiyi arttırmakla beraber daha kolay öğrenme ve anlamaya da imkân sağlamaktadır. Popüler tarih daha çok televizyondaki tartışma programları, belgeseller ve özellikle son dönemlerde sosyal medyada yaygınlaşan animasyon veya anlatılardan oluşan kısa videolar aracılığıyla halka sunulmaktadır. İnsanlar tarihi akademik yayınlardan değil, daha çok bu tür yayınlardan öğrenmeyi daha çekici ve eğlenceli bulmaktadır. Çalışmada, youtubedaki popüler tarih kanalları ve tarih anlatıcıları içerisinde en fazla takipçiye sahip olanlar;  yayınladıkları içerikler, kullandıkları yaygın söylem, takipçilerin dönütleri boyutunda incelenmiş, akademisyen tarihçilerin yayınlamış oldukları içeriklerle kıyaslanarak, dijital medyanın tarih disiplinin geniş kitlelere ulaşmasındaki etki, Stuart Hall’un kodlama-kodaçımı yaklaşımında ortaya koyduğu üç farklı izleyici boyutunda incelenmiştir. Bulgular, egemen tarih anlayışındaki bir paradigma kaymasına işaret ederken, popüler tarih anlatıcılığının önemini ve etkisi bağlamında önemli veriler sağlamaktadır.
Yüksek Lisans Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medyada Mahremiyet Algısı: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Örneği
Authors: TÜRTEN Elif
Published: November 2018

Mahremiyet, insanların temel
ihtiyaçlarından biridir. "Kişisel gizlilik" anlamı taşıyan
mahremiyet, gerek toplumlar gerekse insanlar için oldukça önemli olan sosyokültürel
bir olgudur.Telgrafla başlayan, radyo ve televizyonla gelişim gösteren iletişim
ise, yeni teknolojilerin gelişmesi ile değişime uğramıştır. Hayatımıza girerek
sosyal yaşamımızın merkezine yerleşen dijital medya ise dönüşen iletişimin en
belirgin türlerinden biridir. Sosyal medya, yeni iletişim teknolojileri ile
birlikte pek çok şeyi değiştirmiştir. Kültürel anlamda önemli bir işlevi olan
mahremiyet de dijital medyadan etkilenmiştir. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,
Swarm vb. sosyal medya hesabı olan insanlar doğumdan ölüme, yaşadıkları evden
iş yerlerine kadar pek çok alanı kişisel hesaplarına taşımaya başlamışlardır. Artık
sosyal medya hesabı olan bireylerin ne zaman evlendiği, tatile nereye gittiği,
hangi okulu kazandığı, nerede çalıştığı, çocuğuna ne isim koyduğu gibi pek çok
mahrem bilgisi bilinmektedir. Böylesi bir değişime uğrayan mahremiyet ise, her
geçen gün değişmektedir. İnsanlar sosyal medya üzerinden mahremiyetlerini
teşhir ederek hem kimliklerini ifşa etmekte hem de kendilerine yeni kimlikler oluşturmaktadır.Bu
çalışma ise kimliklerin yansıtılarak sosyal medyada mahremiyet algısının ne
denli değiştiğini bilimsel anlamda ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın
evrenini Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Halkla İlişkiler ve Tanıtım
Bölümü yüksek lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. 3 kız, 3 erkek öğrenci olmak
üzere toplam 6 lisansüstü öğrenciye yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği
uygulanmıştır. Bu görüşme sonucunda lisansüstü öğrencilerin mahremiyetlerine ne
denli önem verdikleri ortaya konmuştur.
Profesionalisme Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: zuryanty
Published: November 2018

As a profesionalist, a Primary School Teacher should reach a minimum level of teaching competencies There are some competencies, such as professional, paedagogic, personal, social, physical, and spiritual competency. Some Primary School Teachers stiil unstandarized in teacher competencies according to government rules and performance. This paper discuss roots of the problems, and programs to improve teacher competencies. teacher competencies, competency test, sertification, scholarship, school of education
The Meta Machine: Using Automation to Catalyze Leaps Forward in Meta-analytic Reviews
Authors: Banks George Christopher , Foy Dan , Kim Boyoung , Korman Joanna , Makel Matthew C. , Schrodt Phil , Thapa Stuti
Published: November 2018

This paper briefly reviews the current state of meta-analytics research and suggests two innovations for dramatically increasing the efficiency and robustness of meta-analytic practice while simultaneously extending meta-analyses’ “shelf life” in the face of continually accumulating evidence.
Open Loop Position Control of Soft Continuum Arm Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Satheeshbabu Sreeshankar , Uppalapati Naveen Kumar , Chowdhary Girish , Krishnan Girish
Published: November 2018

Soft robots undergo large nonlinear spatial deformations due to both inherent actuation and external loading. The physics underlying these deformations is complex, and often requires intricate analytical and numerical models. The complexity of these models may render traditional model based control difficult and unsuitable. Model-free methods offer an alternative for analyzing the behavior of such complex systems without the need for elaborate modeling techniques.In this paper, we present a model-free approach for open loop position control of a soft spatial continuum arm, based on deep reinforcement learning. The continuum arm is pneumatically actuated and attains a spatial workspace by a combination ofunidirectional bending and bidirectional torsional deformation. We use Deep-Q Learning with experience replay to train the system in simulation. The efficacy and robustness of the control policy obtained from the system is validated both in simulation and on the continuum arm prototype for varying external loading conditions
From emotion processing to metacognition: mnemonic contributions in conversion/functional neurological symptoms
Authors: Bègue Indrit
Published: November 2018

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is the term used (DSM-5) to refer to a disabling neuropsychiatric condition that is frequently encountered in medical practice, previously known as conversion disorder (CD) and described as Hysteria in the past century. It is characterised by neurological symptoms (e.g., weakness, numbness, tremor…) without evidence for any brain lesion. Early neurobiological accounts of this disorder were part of the foundation of psychiatry and neurology, but were then dominated by a purely psychodynamic perspective. The advent of neuroimaging in the last two decades has allowed a renewed interest in the “functional” brain underpinnings of these symptoms, with growing interest and increasing attempts to investigate them in a neuroscience perspective. In this brief review, I discuss recent evidence pointing to how top-down mechanisms may alter motor function in patients with motor FND/CD, through coupling with neural systems associated with internal self-monitoring, emotion regulation, and memory, and thus lead to the emergence of functional symptoms. More research however still needs to be undertaken to elucidate the causes (why they occur) of FND/CD, in addition to their neuro-anatomical substrates (how they occur).
The AccuKick football passing test: Reliability, discriminate ability, and correlations with athletic capabilities
Authors: Iacono Antonio Dello , Basevitch Itay , Bracha Boaz , Halperin Israel
Published: November 2018

AccuKick is a new football passing test that measures passing accuracy and time to ball release (TTR) under time constrains. We examined AccuKick’s test-retest reliability, discriminate ability, and its relationships with jumping, sprinting, change-of-direction and intermittent running tests, among adolescent football players. Forty-seven players of different age groups participated in this study: U19 (n = 15), U17 (n = 15) and U16 (n = 17). Athletes completed two trials of AccuKick on two different days. Test-retest reliability of accuracy and TTR outcomes were very high (r = 0.85) and moderately high (r = 0.66), respectively. Accuracy scores significantly differed between groups (p < 0.001) with the U19 players being more accurate than the U17 (8%) and the U16 (22%) players. TTR scores significantly differed between groups (p = 0.005) with U19 releasing the ball 0.005 seconds faster than U17 (g = 1.3) but with no other statistical differences between groups. Trivial to small correlations (r ≤ 0.25) were observed between AccuKick performance and the physical tests, excluding the Yo-Yo test which was weakly correlated with accuracy and TTR (p ≤ 0.01; r range: 0.35-0.48). AccuKick is a reliable passing test that can distinguish between adolescent players according to their age.
Perkembangan dan Prospek Sel Fotovoltaik Organik: Sebuah Telaah Ilmiah
Authors: Setyawan Lukas Bambang
Published: November 2018

Perkembangan teknologi OPV sangat menjanjikan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan dalam upaya mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap energi bahan bakar berasal dari fosil. Hal ini diperkuat karena ongkos fabrikasi perangkat fotovoltaik menggunakan material organik lebih murah dibandingkan dengan perangkat menggunakan material non-organik. Telaah ini membahas perkembangan organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) dari generasi pertama, kedua, dan ketiga. Berikutnya dibahas cara kerja OPV dan macam-macam OPV, seperti dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), double layer cell , bulk heterojunction cell, dan perovskite solar cell (PSC). Terakhir dibahas mengenai prospek yang dimiliki OPV. Dari perkembangan OPV terlihat bahwa efisiensi pada generasi pertama sebesar 6%. Efisiensi generasi kedua 17%. Sedangkan efisiensi generasi ketiga paling tinggi yaitu sekitar 26%. Kelemahan OPV adalah efisiensinya rendah dan umur pakainya singkat. Sifat OPV ringan dan lentur sehingga penerapannya lebih luas.
Affirmative sexual consent? Direct and unambiguous consent is rarely included in discussions of recent sexual interactions
Authors: Shumlich Erin J. , Fisher William A.
Published: November 2018

Sexual activity typically follows an implicit sexual script or a normative sequence of behaviours that are involved in a sexual interaction. It is unclear whether or how affirmative sexual consent is incorporated in individual sexual scripts and interactions. The current research explores how sexual consent may be expressed and verified as part of individuals’ sexual interactions. Undergraduate participants from an Ontario university ( N = 92; 58 males, 34 females) completed a series of open-ended questions that asked them to describe their sexual experiences with a new and long-term partner from beginning to end. Analysis of presence of consent-related behaviours in participants’ accounts were assessed on the basis of a priori themes and extensions of these themes. Thematic analyses identified the following themes: 1) Sex proceeding with escalating intensity of nonverbal sexual behaviour, 2) Passive behaviours that do not indicate unwillingness to have sex, 3) Indirect verbal communication of interest in sex, 4) Indications that sex “just happened,” 5) Descriptions of the context in which sex occurred, and 6) Direct discussions relevant to sexual consent. Results indicated that direct discussion of sexual consent was exceedingly rare and that most sexual interactions included indirect, veiled, and coded behaviours that require inference of sexual consent or non-consent. Consent-related themes varied as a function of both participant gender (male versus female) and nature of relationship (new versus long-term). The findings of this study have implications for sexual health education, sexual assault prevention interventions, and public policy development.
Клініко-морфологічна діагностика метапластичних і неопластичних змін у пацієнтів зі стравоходом Барретта
Authors: Kuryk O. G. , Yakovenko V. O. , Kolomoyets M. Yu. , Tereshchenko T. V. , Tkachenko R. P.
Published: November 2018

Мета – аналіз ефективності морфологічної діагностики з визначенням метапластичних, диспластичних змін і проліферативної активності епітелію у випадках стравоходу Барретта (СБ).

Матеріал і методи. Проведено аналіз діагностики 841 випадку СБ із визначенням різних типів метаплазії, ступенів дисплазії й аденокарциноми. Розраховували 95% довірчий інтервал (CI). У 20 випадках зі спеціалізованою кишковою метаплазією, в 10 - із дисплазією та в 15 – зі шлунковою метаплазією проведено імуногістохімічне визначення маркера проліферативної активності Кi-67 (DAKO, SP6). Статистичний аналіз виконано із застосуванням стандартного пакету статистики Microsoft Office Excel (Microsoft Corp., США),. Показники рівня експресії маркера Ki-67 наведено як середнє значення ± стандартне відхилення (SD). Дані порівнювали для статистичного аналізу, використовуючи точний тест Фішера та t-критерій Стьюдента. Рівень статистичної значущості визначено як p<0,05.

Результати. СБ діагностовано у 841 (36,8%) випадку (95% довірчий інтервал (ДІ) 36,02-39,76) із 2405 проведених ендофіброгастродуоденоскопій (ЕФГДС). Гістологічно кардіальну метаплазію було виявлено ​​в 48 (5,71%) пацієнтів, фундальну – в 136 (16,19%), спеціалізовану кишкову – в 625 (72,28%), мішану – в 32 (3,81%). У 32 (3,81%) випадках встановлено діагноз дисплазії високого та низького ступеня (95% ДІ 2,04-4,62): у 24 із них (75,0%) – дисплазію низького ступеня, у 8 (25,0%) – високого. Аденокарциному виявлено в 4 (0,47%) пацієнтів (95% ДІ 0,20-1,36).

Рівень експресії Кі-67 за СБ становив у ділянках шлункової метаплазії 16,85±2,6%,  спеціалізованої кишкової метаплазії – 27,96±3,8% (p<0,05). У 5 випадках дисплазії спеціалізованого кишкового епітелію рівень експресії Кі-67 становив 42,84±6,2% (p<0,05).

Висновки. Морфологічний висновок є основним об’єктивним критерієм верифікації СБ, що має велике значення у виборі тактики лікування та відіграє певну роль у визначенні прогнозу захворювання.

Підвищення проліферативної активності (висока експресія Ki-67) епітелію в ділянках кишкової метаплазії порівняно з такою в ділянках шлункової метаплазії та значне збільшення проліферативної активності на тлі дисплазії вказує на підвищення ризику виникнення раку в епітелії в пацієнтів із СБ.
Визначення особливостей перебігу дисциркуляторної енцефалопатії після перенесеного ішемічного інсульту на тлі артеріальної гіпертензії в державних службовців
Authors: Ovodiuk N. M.
Published: November 2018

Мета – визначити особливості перебігу дисциркуляторної енцефалопатії (ДЕ ІІ ст.) після перенесеного ішемічного інсульту на тлі артеріальної гіпертензії у державних службовців та оцінити якість життя даного контингенту хворих порівняно з пацієнтами з ДЕ ІІ ст. на тлі гіпертонічної хвороби. Оцінити ефективність запропонованої схеми лікування (поєднання малих доз судинного та ноотропного препаратів із комплексом фізіотерапевтичних процедур) в обох групах.

Матеріал і методи. Для проведення дослідження на базі багатопрофільного закладу охорони здоров’я пацієнтів розподілили на дві групи: до основної віднесено тих, хто перенесли ішемічний інсульт на тлі артеріальної гіпертензії, до контрольної – пацієнтів з ДЕ ІІ ст. без перенесеної гострої ішемічної події та на тлі артеріальної гіпертензії. Досліджували клініко-неврологічні та нейропсихологічні показники, показники мозкової гемодинаміки, структурні зміни мозкової тканини.

Результати. В обох групах мали місце рухові, когнітивні та психічно-вольові розлади, але в пацієнтів, які перенесли ішемічний інсульт, ці розлади були вірогідно більше вираженими, ніж у пацієнтів контрольної групи. Доведено, що пацієнти навіть із малим неврологічним дефіцитом мали вірогідно нижчу якість життя. Для лікування хворих обох груп запропоновано схему медикаментозного лікування (ніцерголін і фенібут) у невеликих дозах впродовж 2 місяців) у поєднанні з фізіотерапевтичними заходами. Внаслідок проведеного лікування стан хворих та якість їх життя вірогідно поліпшилися за клінічними та параклінічними показниками.

Висновки Отримані результати дають право пропонувати дану схему для лікування хворих із ДЕ ІІ ст. на тлі артеріальної гіпертензії та після перенесеного інсульту. Використання невеликих доз препаратів дозволяє знизити економічні витрати на лікування.
«Zurück in die Zukunft» – Rolle und Bedeutung des Schweizerischen Forstvereins
Authors: Baerlocher Bianca , Stuber Martin , Lieberherr Eva
Published: November 2018

“Back to the future” – role and meaning of the Swiss Forestry Society

Associations can be described as public goods and “schools of democracy”. They enable their members to participate in the political sphere and accomplish public tasks. Beyond this, we can view associations as a means for holding society together; they foster common values and norms as well as reduce societal insecurity. The Swiss Forestry Society, founded in 1843, has taken a supporting role in the landscape of associations in the 19th and early 20th century. However, since the 1990s, this association has faced declining membership, which raises questions about its role in today's political landscape, its meaning for its members and how it can adapt to societal change. In the context of the Swiss Forestry Society's 175th birthday, we addressed these questions by analysing historical documents and conducting interviews with members and experts. Responses show that the Swiss Forest Society plays an important role for current members' career as well as at the personal level in terms of solidarity in advocating for the forest. In contrast, former members say that the association is a club of ETH forest engineers which is neither well known publicly nor does enough for the forest itself. In terms of the future, the Swiss Forest Society faces the challenge to become interconnected across sectors. To address this, it will be key for the association to attract young, active members from different forest-related backgrounds who will engage in the association over the long-term and thus enable it to keep up with today's and tomorrow's (ever more digital) world.
Die klimatische Trockengrenze häufiger Baumarten hängt vom Bodennährstoffstatus ab
Authors: Mellert Karl H. , Canullo Roberto , Mette Tobias , Ziche Daniel , Göttlein Axel
Published: November 2018

The climatic drought limit of common tree species depend on soil nutrient status

In forest ecology, there is a huge experience in the ecological amplitude of tree species, which is commonly represented in so-called ecograms. However, the ecogram axes are purely qualitatively described and scaled. In the study presented here, we try to specify the drought limit in the ecogram for the ten most abundant and economically important tree species in Germany (Norway spruce, Scots pine, silver fir, European beech, pedunculate oak, sessile oak, sycamore maple, European elm, hornbeam and common ash) using generalized regression models. We use data on the occurrence of the tree species and on the soil of about 3300 plots of the second German forest soil condition survey (BZW II), combined with data from the ICP Forests Level I program (BioDiv and BioSoil) from 13 neighboring European countries as well as climate data from WorldClim. The focus is on the question to what extent the drought limit of the tree species depends on the soil nutrient status. As a predictor of nutrient status, we chose the base saturation type (BT) already introduced in practice. The warmth factor was included as Growing Degree Days, the water balance as climatic water balance in the forest vegetation period (KWB). The drought limit could be specified for all tree species except elm and pedunculate oak. It was found that not only in known nutrient-sensitive tree species (sycamore, ash, hornbeam), the drought limit depends on the BT, but also in beech and spruce. In the case of sycamore as an example of a nutrient-sensitive species, the dry climate limit on strongly acidic soils (BT 5) is already reached at a KWB of 20 l/m2, on base-rich (BT 1 and 0) only at a KWB of −150 l/m2. In beech, too, the drought limit on acidic soils has been reached more quickly than on base-rich sites (BT 5: −40 l/m2, BT 0: −120 l/m2). In contrast, the reaction of spruce is reversed (BT 5: −50 l/m2, BT 0: 10 l/m2). For pine, sessile oak and fir, the drought limit is independent of the base type and is −230 l/m2 (Scots pine), −150 l/m2 (sessile oak) and 0 l/m2 (silver fir). The drought limit specified by BT is a helpful quantity, especially in view of climate change, as it makes it possible to better estimate the potential of the different tree species.
Ertragskundliche Aspekte und Strukturdynamik der Buchen-Lichtwuchsdurchforstung
Authors: Klädtke Joachim
Published: November 2018

Effects of heavy selective thinnings in beech stands with regard to stand productivity and structural diversity

Based on thinning trials in beech stands initiated in the early 1970s, the effects of selective thinnings in favour of 100 to 120 future crop trees were analysed with regard to volume productivity and the stands' structural diversity. The results show that these kinds of thinnings reduce volume productivity by approximately 6% compared to the maximum volume growth. The reduction in volume growth is mostly caused by the fact that the strongly released crop trees have reduced their height growth for the benefit of a lateral crown expansion, while basal area growth was not affected. Calculations indicate that silvicultural systems working with only 50 future crop trees per hectare may decrease the maximum volume production by about 12%. Furthermore, the results show that the intense crown releases caused by selection thinnings increase the horizontal and vertical diversity of beech stands, since the trees in the understorey profit from better light conditions. The indices calculated for diameter and height diversity of the selection thinning plots approach the values being typical for single tree selection forests (“Plenterwälder”). Already after three to four consecutive selection thinnings, the beech stands' diameter distributions displayed an exponentionally decreasing shape typical for single tree selection forests close to equilibrium. Growth simulations revealed that it might even be possible to directly transform beech stands by selection thinnings into single tree selection structures. However, presumably negative effects on timber quality to be expected under single tree selection structures should be considered as a critical aspect with regard to theoretically possible transformation.
AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS AS A MEANS FOR ENSURING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION EFFICIECY
Authors: Zhuravel V. A.
Published: November 2018

The article deals with modern information systems with regard to ensuring the pre-trial investigation efficiency. It underscores that information reference, information search, information modelling and information consulting systems must be regarded as the most efficient systems that meet the up-to-date requirements of scientific research and satisfy the needs of forensic and investigation practices. The first three systems are based on empirical data while the fourth one is based not only on the statistically significant information, it also encompasses an array ofnecessary knowledge including conclusions of a certain group of experts, hence this system is often regarded as an expert system. The abovementioned information systems are designed to provide support in the decision-making by investigators while dealing with specific crimes, they contribute to the investigators ’ mental activity in planning, suggesting investigation versions, choosing optimal systems for investigation (search) actions. These information systems can be launched following the development and introduction of necessary software, the use of personal computers available to any investigator in order to obtain necessary data or examples (the system of operational versions, model questionnary for a forensic expert, etc).
THE PROBLEMS OF OPTIMIZING INVESTIGATION ACTIONS IN THE METHODOLOGY OF CRIME INVESTIGATION
Authors: Myshkov Y. E.
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the main problems related to the notion and ways of forming the system of investigation actions, the use of the latter contributes to the efficiency of crime investigation. It describes the sources of the formation systems of investigation actions, their functions in the resolution of intellectual tasks within the investigation. The article points to the role of planning the systems of investigation actions to investigate into specific crimes, namely, their order, possible effectiveness, expected results and applicability in the investigation. The article underscores the role of reflective thinking in estimating the expected effectiveness of their use. It is important to note that criminalistic publications have two perspectives on the formation of the concept of Methods to investigate crimes: 1) general methods for investigating crimes; 2) methods for investigating individual types of crimes. The latter concept has received much of the attention of researchers, though it lacks section of the system of investigation actions that is included only in the most recent monographs and textbooks, this once again proves its relevance as a subject for further research. The article provides recommendations on the developing of an algorithm for the system of investigation actions.
ON THE PROBLEM OF USING VICTIMOLOGICAL DATA IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING AND CONDUCTING INVESTIGATION (SEARCH) ACTIONS
Authors: Reznikova O. I.
Published: November 2018

Based on the generalized analysis of modern law enforcement practice in Ukraine, the article concludes that during the pre-trial investigation into certain types of crimes the person of the victim (the injured party) is not given a proper and thorough examination. The article suggests certain scientific and practical recommendations in order to increase the efficiency of the process of collecting and using victimological data in criminal legal proceedings. It studies the capacity of drafting the victim’s (the injured party’s) profile and offers a new program to study the victim of a crime (the injured party), this program serves as a basis for collecting and using victimological data in criminal legal proceedings, as well as a basis for building a profile of not only a victim (of a crime), but of a criminal as well. The article substantiates that the use of victimological data in preparing for and conducting investigation (search) actions follows certain patterns that include the peculiarities of the category of crimes under investigation, the investigation situation, the nature and type ofproceedings, the object of tactical impact, the aim and tasks of an investigation (search) action.
DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS ROLE IN THE INVESTIGATION INTO VIOLATIONS OF HAZARDOUS WORKS SAFETY REGULATIONS
Authors: Spasenko K. A.
Published: November 2018

Using the summary data in criminal cases (materials of criminal proceedings) the article studies peculiarities of document management and its role in the investigation into violations of hazardous works safety regulations. The peculiarities of economic and organizational activity of any enterprise, institution or organization regardless of the form of ownership are present in the relevant management documents reflecting the course and results of their activity. At the same time the performance of hazardous works must be recorded following a special document management order comprising the relevant contracts, orders, instructions, accompanying documents, and while studying these document the investigator forms a complete picture of a safety rules violation that took place. In addition to the regular documents at the enterprise where safety rules violation took place, it is also very important to study the documents and records of the investigation into the incident (accident) that was performed by the enterprise itself. Taking into account the considerable amount of documents to be studied the article suggests their consolidation with regard to stages in the performance of works.
ON DETERMINING ESTIMATED VALUE BENCHMARK COMPENSATION FOR MORAL DAMAGES IN CIVIL CASES
Authors: Goretskaya A. N.
Published: November 2018

The article deals the debated issues in determining the amount of compensation for inflicted moral suffering addressed in civil legal proceedings. The calculation of the benchmark equivalentfor moral damages is part of a forensic psychological examination, as well as the establishment of a fact whether the situation in the case is psychologically traumatic. The article analyzes different approaches to determining compensation in civil and criminal cases. It also studies legal norms that define the notion of guilt in the civil process, to some extent they contradict the existing methods of determining the fact ofmoral damages and the amount of the compensation for inflicted suffering. The article discusses the forms of the guilt of the one who inflicted the damage and the guilt of the plaintiff (the injured party), and they must be taken into account while determining the compensation amount, at the same time this data is determined by the court decision and, as a rule, an expert is not provided with this data before the decision is announced. The article concludes with emphasizing the importance of eliminating this contradiction and the necessity of creating new methods to solve this collision.
ON THE CRIMINALISTIC STUDY OF UNCONVENTIONAL FIREARMS
Authors: Melnyk R. V
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the peculiarities of the study into unconventional firearms as well as the accompanying problems and the ways to solve them. Insufficient availability of training and reference materials on this topic creates a number of obstacles for forensic experts in their practice. The situation is also complicated by the limited access of specialists to specialized publications, along with outdated sources or absence of any sources on the subject. Investigation and expert practice deal with many types offirearms that differ from standard issues by the way of production, construction properties, technical and ballistic specifications. Criminalistic and legal sources use various names that differ from the names officially assigned to those firearms and differ by constitutional properties peculiar to certain groups of weapons. Because of this terminological confusion criminalists do not have a unified position regarding the objects to be studied, i.e. they face difficulties in deciding the question of classifying an item with a particular type or subtype of firearms.
ON CONDUCTING ECONOMIC STUDIES RELATED TO TAXING AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Didoborshch V. A.
Published: November 2018

Constant changes in the legislation make it difficult to conduct studies related to the application of a special taxation treatment of agricultural enterprises. The adoption of the Tax Code of Ukraine and the subsequent amendments has entailed a series of changes related to the principles of tax calculation and tax reporting directly affecting agricultural enterprises' operations. There has also been an increase in the number of economic examinations related to studying the special taxation treatment of agricultural enterprises, but the object of taxation is still the land plot, the enterprise is exempt of income tax, property tax, etc, while the enterprise is still required to pay VAT. The questions considered in the article cannot cover the whole spectrum of problems that an expert may face while conducting examinations connected with taxing agricultural enterprises. Every case must be considered individually, so the illustration provided in the article deals with enterprises that use leased land plots and do not have all the registration data, but there may emerge other issues as well.
PECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING AN EXPERT STUDY ON THE FORMATION OF FINANCIAL EXPENDITURES THAT ARE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHILE CALCULATING THE OBJECT OF TAXATION
Authors: Lysak Y. O.
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the peculiarities of conducting a forensic economic examination into whether tax law norms are complied with while providing financial loans against interest from funds lent by other individuals. The article mentions normative and legislative acts regulating the order for the formation of financial expenditures. It also determines the list of documents to be studied for identifying document and normative grounds for lending and borrowing credit money from venture funds. The article also deals with the grounds for accruing additional income tax resulting from the fact that enterprises have no right to claim as expenditures the interest on the use of loans received from a financial lending institution operating on the basis of the respective license. The exception to this rule is the interest paid by the borrower on the basis of a credit agreement that was concluded by an asset management company with a venture investment fund as a beneficiary, that includes the borrower’sfinancial expenditures and other expenditures.
OPTIMIZATION OF INTERDEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION BETWEEN FORENSIC EXPERT INSTITUTIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF UKRAINE AND THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH CARE OF UKRAINE WHILE CONDUCTING FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITY
Authors: Lozovoj A.I. , Derecha L. N. , Myasoedov V. V. , Olkhovskiу V. A.
Published: November 2018

At present there is an urgent need for developing and improving normative and legal documents regulating the activity of forensic expert institutions of different departments while conducting comprehensive examinations. The needs of expert practice continuously require more thorough development for the order of conducting interdepartmental comprehensive examinations, specification and official explanation of issues connected with the ways of coordinating experts ’ activity, the order of their interaction at various stages of the expert study, forms of the expert panels’ operation, etc. The article considers peculiarities of the activity offorensic expert institutions’ within the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine, methodological issues of conducting a comprehensive forensic medical, forensic criminalistic and forensic motortechnical (vehicular and traceological) examinations, the ways of optimizing the interdepartmental interaction while conducting forensic expert activity of these forensic expert institutions, legal and organizational problems of regulating their forensic expert activity. The article emphasizes the need to improve this activity by improving the legal support and efficiency of the existing system for the organization of forensic expert activity of forensic expert institutions within the the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine.
THE APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE SIMULATOR TO DIAGNOSE PERFORATING GUNSHOT WOUNDS CAUSED BY 5.45 mm CALIBER BULLETS
Authors: Kravchenko Y. N. , Sapelkin V. V. , Serbinenko I. Y. , Kolomijtsev A. V.
Published: November 2018

The study and diagnosis of perforating gunshot wounds, especially those that are caused by 5.45 mm caliber bullets are connected with certain difficulties due to the instable behavior of these bullets in biological tissues (viscoelastic environment). With regard to that and based on the natural tests with the help of ballistic plasticine, the article establishes the peculiarities of perforating gunshot injuries caused by the abovementioned bullets. The natural tests also allowed to determine the influence of the changes made in the bullet structure in order to increase its expansion properties. In addition, the experiments determined the amount of kinetic energy of 5.45 mm bullets in order to perforate a block of ballistic plasticine of the respective width, it allowed to determine the resistance coefficient of the viscoelastic environment with regard to the unstable behavior of the bullet inside the obstacle. The article suggests a method to determine the speed of the bullet after it leaves the obstacle in the form of a simulator of biological tissues, it allows to determine the ballistic properties of 5.45 mm bullets before and after its contact with the obstacle.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF TAKING EVIDENCE FROM KNOWLEDGEABLE PERSONS
Authors: Fastovets V. A.
Published: November 2018

Separate questions of obtaining testimonies from knowledgeable persons (carriers of special knowledge) in criminal proceedings have been investigated. The shortcomings of law enforcement activity on procedural registration of such statements, which contradict the requirements of the current criminal procedural legislation, are revealed. Own proposals on introducing amendments to the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine are presented.
FEATURES OF CARRYING OUT INVESTIGATORY INSPECTION IN THE PROCESS OF CRIMINAL BANKRUPTCY INVESTIGATION
Authors: Marushev A. D.
Published: November 2018

The purposes and tasks of investigatory inspection of documents during investigation of crimes related with criminal bankruptcy are considered. The methods of investigation of both separate and several documents in the process of conducting investigatory inspection are determined. Typical types of documents that are subject to inspection and preliminary investigation during investigation of criminal bankruptcy are noted.
INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF MODELING PERSONALITY OF UNKNOWN CRIMINAL IN THE ACTIVITY OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AUTHOROTIES
Authors: Hetman H. M.
Published: November 2018

The innovative directions of modeling personality of an unknown criminal are considered. An attempt was made to clarify the essence of such innovative directions, used in the activities of criminal justice authorities. The theoretical foundations of the use of innovative approaches in the modeling of the person of an unknown criminal in the activities of the criminal justice authorities are determined.
PROBLEMS OF DRAWING-UP CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES RELATED WITH NON-PAYMENT OF WAGES
Authors: Sabadash I. V.
Published: November 2018

Criminalistic characteristics of crimes related with nonpayment of wages, its elements are considered. An information model of this category of crimes which will make it possible to improve and raise the quality of investigation is provided.
LEGAL REGULATION OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN CASES ON ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCES: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Kliuiev O. M.
Published: November 2018

The norms of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses regarding participation of an expert in the consideration of cases are analyzed. The omissions in the regulation of issues in the process of consideration of cases administrative jurisdiction are determined, and proposals on directions of their elimination are presented.
MEANS OF COVERT VIDEO SURVEILLANCE AND FEATURES OF THEIR USE IN THE PROCESS OF CRIME INVESTIGATION AND EXPERT RESEARCHES
Authors: Brendel O. I.
Published: November 2018

The review and analysis are given to special technical means of video observation, which are used for hidden video surveillance and recording of events in operational search activity of law enforcement bodies during disclosure and investigation of crimes. The characteristics of video recordings obtained with the help of special technical means of video surveillance are considered, and features of expert examination of such records are specified.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES ON FORENSIC ECONOMIC EXAMINATION QUALITY
Authors: Khomutenko O. V.
Published: November 2018

The author applies an informational approach to the de nition of forensic economic examination quality. He offers a number of quality criteria for the examination, reveals their content and highlights the quality assurance mechanism for the examination.
IMPOSITION OF VALUE ADDED TAX UPON FREIGHT FORWARDING ACTIVITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS
Authors: Kozub S. O.
Published: November 2018

Consideration is given to the procedure of imposing the value added tax upon freight forwarding activities for the international carriage of goods in the event of the involvement of other participants off reight forwarding activities in transportation, when conducting forensic economic examinations.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE ISSUES RESOLUTION ABOUT DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE OF MATERIAL DAMAGE (LOSSES) AMOUNT
Authors: Bukolova V. V.
Published: November 2018

Proceeding from the expert practice, consideration is given to the main aspects of determining the objects of research during the forensic economic examinations regarding the documentary evidence of calculation of the material damage (losses) amount. Account is given of the list of controlling bodies that have the right to conduct scheduled and unscheduled site inspections of financial and economic activities of business entities. A list of research objects that confirm the display of material damage (losses) in the enterprise's accounting records is proposed.
TACTICAL TASKS AND MECHANISM OF THEIR SOLVING
Authors: Zhuravel V. A.
Published: November 2018

Approaches ofscientists to the definition of the notion «tactical task» are considered. The attention is paid that among the tasks ofpre-judicial investigation being solved, it’s expedient to distinguish depending on the scope the basic (general, core) and the local (intermediate), and depending on realization sphere - strategic and tactical tasks. Along with, the basic tasks may be considered as strategic because they are preconditioned by circumstances which are subjects to clarification in the general course of investigation of a concrete category of crimes. They are directed on achievement of the legal purpose, are more stable by their nature and in a lesser degree they are subjected to the influence of situational factors. Local problems should be considered as tactical because they are caused by situations arising at a certain stage of investigation.

Under tactical task it’s necessary to understand situationally caused complicated question (problem) which arises at a certain stage of investigation, has limited, local sphere of realization, has intermediate character, intended to establish unit facts about separate elements or circumstances of a crime event and is solved by applying exclusively available tactical means. In the mechanism of tactical task solving such elements are functioning: starting position; purpose; ways and means of its achievement which relate a starting position with purpose. The basic stages (phases) of adopting tactical decision are: a) informative preparation of the decision (the analysis of the initial information, that is the analysis of an investigative situation which has developed at the moment of tactical decision making); b) statement of a tactical task, construction of current images; c) near procedure of decision-making which is realized by means of formation and comparison of reference and current images, forecasting possible variants of coming result, correction of images, choice and construction of a reference hypothesis or the program of actions.