bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intramyocardial and Intra-atrial courses in the Right Coronary Artery: Prevalence and characteristics
Authors: Akturk Yeliz , Kavak Rasime Pelin , Akin Nimet , Hekimoglu Omer Koray
Published: May 2024

Purpose
We aimed to determine the prevalence and radiological characteristics of myocardial bridging (MB) and intra-atrial course anomaly (IARCA), which are rare course variations of the right coronary artery (RCA), in the adult patient population.
Methods
Radiological images of cases over the age of 18 who underwent coronary CT angiography (CTA) examination in our clinic were scanned from the archives retrospectively, and cases with MB of the RCA and IARCA detection were included in the study. The number, age and gender distribution of the cases, whether there were any other accompanying vascular anomalies, whether there was atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (calculation of Agatston total calcium score, calculation of atherosclerotic stenosis as a percentage, if any) were evaluated.
Results
The prevalence of MB in the RCA was 2.06%, and the prevalence of IARCA was 0.44%. In one case, both anomalies were detected together. The average MB segment length in RCA was 21.9mm, and the average IARCA segment length was 37.9mm. There was no atherosclerotic disease in the RCA segment where anomaly was detected.
Conclusion
Recognition of rare course anomalies of RCA before treatment procedures such as ablation and surgery is important to prevent complications that may have potentially fatal consequences.
Wolbachia infection in natural mosquito populations from Argentina
Authors: Chuchuy Ailen , Rodriguero Marcela S. , Alonso Ana C. , Stein Marina , Micieli María V.
Published: May 2024

The increasing spread of mosquito vectors has made mosquito-borne arboviral diseases a global threat to public health, leading to the urgent need for effective control of such populations. Methods based in the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia Hertig, 1936 are considered environmentally friendly, human-safe, and potentially cost-effective biocontrol strategies to control arboviral diseases. In order to minimize undesirable side effects, it is relevant to understand if Wolbachia ranges in the area and the diversity associated to native infections before implementation. With this purpose, we investigated Wolbachia infection status, diversity and prevalence in populations of Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart, 1838), Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz, 1904), and hybrids of the Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) complex from Argentina. Additionally, we preliminarily explored the influence of environmental temperature on the Wolbachia prevalence in Ae. fluviatilis. Aedes albifasciatus and Cx. pipiens complex samples were collected in the province of Buenos Aires, and Ae. fluviatilis in the province of Misiones. Aedes albifasciatus was uninfected and infections with strains wFlu and wPip were revealed in Ae. fluviatilis and hybrids of the Cx. pipiens complex, respectively. All strains were fixed or close to fixation and clustered within supergroup B. No effects of environmental temperature on Wolbachia prevalence of Ae. fluviatilis larvae were revealed, at least with the current design. These results provide valuable information on Wolbachia strains found in natural populations of mosquitoes from Argentina that might be used in heterologous infections in the future or must have taken into account when designing control strategies based on Wolbachia infection.
An optimized Q algorithm based on Slot prediction
Authors: Wen Jiahao , Luo Jiacheng , Yang Jian
Published: May 2024

High throughput is crucial for Electronic Toll Collection(ETC) systems to effectively reduce traffic congestion. However, traditional algorithms face challenges such as slot waste and slow adjustments in frame length. To tackle these issues, a Slot Prediction Q algorithm(SPQ) has been introduced, which combines the Vogt-Ⅱ Prediction algorithm and slot grouping concept to improve the initial Q-value by predicting the first frame. This algorithm can quickly predict the number of tags to be identified based on slot utilization, speeding up the Q-value adjustment process when slot utilization is low. Additionally, the Markov decision chain is used to determine the optimal relationship between the number of slot groupings x and Q-value. The Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA) is employed to optimize the relationship between the learning rate C and Q-value in the traditional Q algorithm. Simulation results show that SPQ significantly reduces the total number of slots used during the reading process, thereby enhancing the ETC throughput.
Real-world experience with direct-acting antiviral therapy in HCV-infected patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices
Authors: Brzdęk Michał , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Kukla Michał , Janocha-Litwin Justyna , Dybowska Dorota , Janczewska Ewa , Lorenc Beata , Berak Hanna , Mazur Włodzimierz , Tudrujek-Zdunek Magdalena , Klapaczyński Jakub , Piekarska Anna , Sitko Marek , Laurans Łukasz , Parfieniuk-Kowerda Anna , Flisiak Robert
Published: May 2024

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 58 million people worldwide with around 290,000 deaths annually, mainly due to complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Portal hypertension (PH) caused by cirrhosis leads to severe consequences, including esophageal varices (EV). To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of DAA treatment in patients with and without EV.
Methods
This retrospective analysis involved consecutive HCV-infected adults undergoing DAA therapy at 22 Polish hepatology centers from July 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022. Patients with cirrhosis were categorized based on presence of EV diagnosed by gastroscopy. Treatment effectiveness was measured by sustained virologic response (SVR), with safety outcomes monitored during and for 12 weeks post-treatment.
Results
The population of 3393 HCV-infected patients with cirrhosis was divided into groups with (A, n = 976) and without (B, n = 2417) EV. Group A showed a significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities and concomitant medications. Genotype (GT)1b infections predominated in both groups, and GT3 infections were more common in the EV group. Group A exhibited more severe liver disease, and higher rates of decompensation, HCC, and HBV co-infection. SVR was significantly higher in group B (91.5% vs. 96.3%, p<0.0001). Male gender, GT3, EV presence, and Child-Pugh grade B were identified as independent negative SVR predictors. Group A had a worse safety profile, with notably higher adverse event incidence and mortality.
Conclusions
DAA therapies are highly effective and well tolerated in patients with cirrhosis, but EV presence predicts poorer virologic responses.
Interplay between gut microbial composition and the melatonergic pathway: implications for hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer development
Authors: Laborda-Illanes Aurora , Boutriq Soukaina , Aranega-Martín Lucía , Sánchez-Alcoholado Lidia , Plaza-Andrades Isaac , Peralta-Linero Jesús , Alba Emilio , Fernández-García José Carlos , González-González Alicia , Queipo-Ortuño María Isabel
Published: May 2024

Background This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and serum melatonin levels in hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer (BC) patients, focusing on alterations in microbial composition, the melatonergic pathway, and their implications for BC development. Methods Serum and fecal samples were obtained from hormonal receptor-positive BC patients and healthy controls. Mass spectrometry was used to measure the serum levels of serotonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), and melatonin and the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Beta-glucuronidase (βGD) activity was quantified using a fluorometric assay kit, while arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT), and zonulin were assessed via ELISA. The gut microbiota composition was evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results We identified significant alterations in the gut microbiota composition and melatonin production of BC patients compared to healthy controls. This dysbiosis is characterized by heightened serum serotonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), and fecal β-glucuronidase (βGD) activity, concomitant with diminished serum melatonin levels in BC patients. Moreover, increased fecal levels of isovaleric acid (IVA) and isobutyric acid (IBA), coupled with increased serum zonulin levels, highlight intestinal permeability alterations that could facilitate the translocation of gut bacteria and inflammatory compounds, predisposing individuals to cancer development. Notably, we observed reduced gut microbiota diversity and significant shifts in predominant bacterial taxa, withBacteroides eggerthiienrichment and a reduction in beneficialBifidobacterium longumpositively associated with serum melatonin levels, suggesting potential roles in BC development. Dysregulation of the serotonin-NAS-melatonin axis, along with perturbed expression of enzymes involved in the melatonergic pathway, underscores their implications in BC. Finally, we propose the NAS/melatonin ratio as a potential diagnostic biomarker for discriminating hormonal receptor-positive BC patients from healthy individuals, offering promising avenues for clinical management strategies. Conclusions Overall, our findings shed valuable light on the contributions of the gut microbiota and the melatonergic pathway to the development of hormonal receptor-positive BC, warranting further research into potential therapeutic targets.
Services for Perinatal Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Baltimore City-wide 2023 Assessment
Authors: Ratner Jessica Alison , Kirschner Jennifer H , Spencer Brittney , Terplan Mishka
Published: May 2024

Background
Overdose is a leading cause of maternal mortality; in response, maternal mortality review committees have recommended expanding substance use disorder (SUD) screening, improving collaboration between obstetric and SUD treatment providers, and reducing fragmentation in systems of care. We undertook an analysis of the perinatal SUD treatment landscape in Baltimore, Maryland in order to identify barriers to treatment engagement during pregnancy and the postpartum period and guide system improvement efforts.
Methods
We conducted a survey of seven birthing hospitals, 31 prenatal care practices, and 108 SUD treatment providers in Baltimore from April-June 2023. Organizations were asked to quantify care for perinatal patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) as well as about screening, service availability, referral practices, and support needed to improve care.
Results
Sixty-one percent of the 145 contacted organizations responded. Birthing hospitals reported caring for pregnant persons with OUD with greater frequency than prenatal care practices or SUD treatment programs. Most birthing hospitals and prenatal care practices reported screening for OUD at intake, but the minority reported using validated tools. Service availability varied by type of organization and type of service. In general, prenatal care practices offered the fewest number of SUD-related services. Most SUD treatment programs that offered buprenorphine or methadone to the general population also offered these medications to pregnant patients. Withdrawal management for comorbid alcohol/benzodiazepine use disorders during pregnancy was more limited. The majority of birthing hospitals and prenatal care practices reported offering neither direct naloxone distribution nor prescriptions. Few SUD treatment programs offered tailored services for perinatal patients or for parents of young children, and many programs do not permit children onsite. Respondents reported high levels of interest in education and consultative support on SUD treatment in pregnancy within obstetric settings and on pregnancy-related medical concerns within SUD programs.
Conclusions
This project provides a comprehensive picture of services available for treatment of perinatal OUD in a major US city. Results have served as a guide for ongoing citywide system improvement efforts by our project team and offer a model for other jurisdictions hoping to strengthen services for perinatal OUD and reduce maternal mortality.
Mitigating Role of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Ocimum Gratissimum Leaf Extract and Honey on Indomethacin-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury in Rat Model Via Enhancement of Antioxidant Status
Authors: Salemcity Aanuoluwa , Agboola Olubukola , Salemcity Oluwatimilehin , Adewole Babade
Published: May 2024

Background
Ulcers are common diseases with high prevalence in the society. Ocimum gratissimum (OG) was discovered to possess phytochemicals which could exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials, hence its use traditionally in treatment of various diseases. The study investigated the antiulcer effect of OG ethyl acetate fraction (EAFOG) and honey on indomethacin-stimulated ulcer in male Wistar rats. Extract was obtained by partitioning crude extract between hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol successively using vacuum liquid chromatography. The antioxidant assays were done using spectrophotometric methods. Twenty rats were grouped into normal control, ulcerative untreated and pre-treated groups (100 mg/kg EAFOG, EAFOG/H and 2.5g/kg honey).
Results
Significant difference was noticed in total acidity and ulcer score between the treated groups and control. The untreated group reveals a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in SOD, catalase, GPx, GST and TSH levels as well as significantly high (p < 0.05) MDA level relative to control in stomach. GST, GPx activities and GSH concentration in both organs displayed significant amelioration relative to control. There was contrast in catalase and SOD activities in stomach between pre-treated groups and control. However, co-administration of EAFOG and honey showed no significant difference in stomach SOD activity compared to control. Improvement was observed in stomach TSH of EAFOG pre-treated animals in comparison with control.
Conclusion
The results above imply that OG may combat intestinal damage via boosting the antioxidant capacity of the system to ward-off free radicals which are deleterious to the body.
Epidemiology and outcome of Sports-related Ophthalmic Trauma from lower middle-income countries using The International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES) registry
Authors: Irawati Yunia , Hoskin Annette K , Ng Sean Ming Sheng , Gutierrez Laura , Anantharaman Giridhar , Pauly Marian , Arafah Nurani Rahma , Pradhan Eli , Shah Mehul , Shah Shreya , Sen Alok , Agarwal Manisha , Mishra Chitaranjan , Ayachit Apoorva , Natarajan S , Khatri Anadi , Grover Ashok , Pakdel Farzad , Lee Bernett , Agrawal Rupesh
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Aims to identify patterns in sports-related ophthalmic injuries, their clinical findings, and final visual outcomes from a large international multicenter eye injury registry.
Methods
Retrospective and prospective analysis of patients with sports-related ophthalmic trauma from the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES) registry from January 2020 to March 2022 was conducted.
Results
322/3200 patients presented with sports-related ophthalmic trauma. Males (282, 87.6%) was the majority patients. The mean age was 24.6 ± 14.0 years old and 99.6% cases were unilateral. The common injuries were closed globe injury (CGI) (244/318) followed by open globe injury (OGI) (63/318). Only two patients used eye protection. Mean initial visual acuity (VA) was 0.81 ± 0.89 LogMAR and final VA was 0.57 ± 0.84 LogMAR (P < 0.001). Injuries to the anterior chamber (AC) (171/320), iris (124/314), and cornea (121/321) were the dominant clinical findings. Cricket (53) and Badminton (47) were the majority cause. Surgical intervention reported for 77 with 36 primary globe repairs. Using univariate analysis, initial VA, injuries to lens, sclera, posterior segment and retinal detachment, intraocular pressure (IOP), type of injury, surgery, and ocular trauma score (OTS) (P < 0.001), injuries to cornea, iris and AC (P < 0.05), were significantly associated with final VA. Initial VA, scleral injury (P < 0.001), injuries to cornea, iris, AC, lens and posterior segment (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with final VA in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
Cricket and CGI were the majority cause of sports-related ophthalmic trauma. Initial VA followed by injuries to cornea, iris, AC, lens, sclera and posterior segment were associated with final VA.
Repair of annulus fibrosus defects using decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hybrid hydrogels
Authors: Liu Chen , Ge Xin , Li Yifeng
Published: May 2024

Intervertebral disc degenerative disease is the leading cause of lower back and leg pain, considerably impacting daily life and incurring substantial medical expenses for those affected. The development of annulus fibrosus tissue engineering offers hope for treating this condition. However, the current annulus fibrosus tissue engineering scaffolds fail to accurately mimic the natural biological environment of the annulus fibrosus, resulting in limited secretion of extracellular matrix and poor biomechanical properties of the constructed biomimetic annulus fibrosus tissue. This inability to match the biomechanical performance of the natural annulus fibrosus hinders the successful treatment of annulus fibrosus defects. In this study, we fabricated decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix (DAFM)/chitosan hydrogel-1 (DAFM:Chitosan 6:2) and DAFM/chitosan hydrogel-2 (DAFM:Chitosan 4:4) by varying the ratio of DAFM to chitosan. Rat annulus fibrosus (AF)-derived stem cells were cultured on these hydrogel scaffolds, and the cell morphology, AF-related gene expression, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were investigated. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging, Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Safranine and Fast Green staining were performed to evaluate the repair effect of the DAFM/chitosan hydrogels in vivo. The gene expression results showed that the expression of Collagen type I (Col-I), Collagen type I (Col-II), and aggrecan by annulus fibrosus stem cells (AFSCs) cultured on the DAFM/chitosan-1 hydrogel was higher compared with the DAFM/chitosan-2 hydrogel. Conversely, the expression of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and IL-6 was lower on the DAFM/chitosan-1 hydrogel compared with the DAFM/chitosan-2 hydrogel. In vivo, both the DAFM/chitosan-1 and DAFM/chitosan-2 hydrogels could effectively repair annulus fibrosus defects in rat tail vertebrae. In conclusion, the DAFM/chitosan-1 hydrogel is a promising scaffold material for the repair of annulus fibrosus defects, offering the potential for improved treatment outcomes.
Can a robot force us to do boring work?Efficiency of performing tedious work under the supervision of a human and a humanoid robot.
Authors: Maj Konrad , Grzyb Tomasz , Doliński Dariusz , Franjo Magda
Published: May 2024

In the context of interactions between humans and robots at work, this research examines the dynamics of obedience and power. We replicated and extended the previous studies by comparing the responses of participants to a humanoid robot, which acts as an authoritative figure, against those to a human in a similar role. While the humanoid robot commanded a significant level of obedience (63%), it was notably lower than that for its human counterpart (75%). Moreover, work under the robot's supervision was performed more slowly and less effectively. The results give a good insight into the practical implications of using humanoid robots in official roles, especially for repeated and tedious tasks or challenging work activities.
A practical comparative study of the performance of a single siope solar still with a new design
Authors: saeed muntadher , Hameed Hassanain Ghani , Abbass Assaad A.
Published: May 2024

Water distillation systems using free solar energy are known to be easy to install, low-cost, and environmentally friendly. However, due to the low productivity of fresh water for solar stills of all types, many practical and theoretical studies have been presented to enhance the productivity of solar stills using different engineering designs and improvement techniques. The overall productivity of the model is affected by several factors, the most important of which are the design, the nature of operating conditions, and environmental conditions. The current study aims to determine the effect of changing the geometric shape of the absorber plate on the cumulative productivity of a single-slope-single-basin solar still. A single-slope solar still with a different design and a specially shaped absorption basin was studied, and the proposed model was compared with the traditional model for the same manufacturing specifications and under the same test conditions. The traditional square shape has been modified so that it begins with a three-sided polygon and ends with an arc, while maintaining the same total area of the absorption plate. In this modification, the shadow areas are reduced and the solar radiation generated on the base is blocked by the walls, in addition to benefiting from using the back wall to act as a reflective arch for solar radiation. The new design, with and without an internal reflector, is examined and compared with the traditional model under the weather conditions of the Iraqi city of Najaf. Using the new-design solar still increased daily productivity by about 47.96%, while the cost will decrease to about $0.023 per liter/0.25 m2.
Alternative Use of Black and Navy Beans as Green Shell Beans
Authors: Dhakal Ramesh , Bhardwaj Harbans
Published: May 2024

Although there is increasing consumer interest in newer foods such as green seeds, green shell bean production in Virginia is nonexistent. We conducted replicated field studies during 2022–23 to characterize production potential of green shell beans and green seeds from black and navy beans. Average green pod and green seed yields were 10,121 and 5186 kg·ha−1, respectively, whereas average seed number per pod was 3.6. As a group, black beans had a higher shelling percent than navy beans, with an average shelling percent of 54%. Green seeds from black and navy bean contained 26% protein, 82 mg·kg−1 Fe, and 38 mg·kg−1 Zn in addition to appreciable concentrations of other nutrients. Our results indicated that black and navy beans have potential as alternative crops to supply green seeds.
A Comparison Between Modified-umbrella and High-wire Trellising Systems in a Low-profile Greenhouse for Hydroponic Beit Alpha Cucumber
Authors: Kile Lily , Sánchez Elsa , Berghage Robert
Published: May 2024

The production of Beit Alpha cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in hydroponic systems has increased in popularity since the early 2000s, along with the use of high-wire trellising systems. Some farmers claim the high-wire trellising systems, also known as drop-and-lean trellising, result in a more consistent weekly yield than umbrella or modified-umbrella systems. This study compared the high-wire and modified-umbrella trellising systems both using a 7 ft top wire and 4 plants/m2 plant density. The fruit weight and number of fruit per plant were significantly greater using the modified-umbrella trellising system, with the number of fruit being about twice as high as the high-wire trellising system. Consistency of yields was also measured for both systems and found to peak at ∼5 to 7 weeks after the start of harvest using both trellising systems. However, peak yields using the modified-umbrella trellising system followed a quadratic curve, implying that the high-wire trellising system results in more consistent yields. Differences in yield and harvest consistency were likely related to light penetration of the plant canopy. Growers using low-profile greenhouses can expect lower yields and more consistent harvests using the high-wire trellising system. Yields may be improved using a higher plant density. Alternatively, succession planting on a 5- to 7-week interval can improve harvest consistency using a modified-umbrella trellising system.
Varied Attributes of Jalapeño Pepper Cultivars Influence Fresh-cut Product Quality
Authors: Park Eunhee , Luo Yaguang , Zhou Bin , Fonseca Jorge M. , Stommel John R.
Published: May 2024

During the past 40 years, the US fresh-cut product market has experienced a consistent increase in demand because consumers prioritize health and convenience. Increased interest in fresh-cut products and ready-to-eat vegetables has led to innovations in breeding, product selection, and packaging. However, despite the increased popularity of bell pepper and chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), research of fresh-cut jalapeño pepper is limited. This study was conducted to identify jalapeño cultivars that could be suitable as a raw fresh-cut product and explore measures beyond tissue membrane electrolyte leakage (EL) of processed products that may be useful for the identification of cultivars suitable for fresh-cut applications. A total of 22 fresh-cut parameters were examined across five cultivars of jalapeño peppers and 10 intercrosses of these cultivars, including visual quality based on an image analysis via a computer vision system, package headspace gas composition, tissue membrane EL, and texture. Based on our results, the genotypes were grouped into five clusters using a cluster analysis. Variables including tissue softening (r2 = 0.95), EL (r2 = 0.95), total energy of the mesocarp (r2 = 0.95), and package headspace carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure (r2 = 0.94) had strong associations with the cluster. A principal component analysis with biplots further confirmed the results. Cultivars Goliath and Emerald Fire and their hybrids in the first and second clusters showed good quality for fresh-cut applications. The fifth cluster, represented by a single cultivar, Jalapeño M, had the smallest physical size, rapid shelf-life decline, accumulated CO2 partial pressures, increased EL, and rapid tissue softening in comparison with the other genotypes. All jalapeño cultivars except Jalapeño M maintained good quality until day 14 postprocessing, and some maintained good quality until 21 days postprocessing. Hybrid crosses suggested that two of the cultivars evaluated, Goliath and Emerald Fire, were useful as parents when transferring superior fresh-cut quality traits to progeny. Traditionally, the EL level has been used as an index of freshness (or tissue deterioration). Our results showed that other quality analyses, including measurements of tissue softening via an imaging analysis, and physical analyses of tissue firmness can also be used as indices for the freshness of fresh-cut jalapeños. The results suggest that fruit size, wall thickness, and skin toughness might be useful as predictive measures in the field for the selection of jalapeño genotypes with superior fresh-cut quality.
Prediction of combination therapy efficacy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Bakhronov I. A. , Kakurina G. V. , Zhuykova L. D. , Kondakova I. V. , Choynzonov E. L.
Published: May 2024

Background. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is characterized by late-stage diagnosis and high rate of mortality. Combined modality treatment including preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for OPSCC. The search for criteria for predicting the efficacy of preoperative chemoradiotherapy with a view to prescribe it to those patients for whom it is really indicated and will be effective remains challenging. The aim of the study was to identify serum actin-binding proteins that can predict preoperative therapy efficacy in patients with OPSCC. Material and methods. Blood serum from 45 patients with stage II–IV OPSCC was studied. all patients received preoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Radiation therapy in a standard mode was given 2 weeks after chemothetapy. serum levels of actin-binding proteins (CAP1, fascin, ezrin, gelsolin, and profiling) were determined before treatment using ELISA. Results. complete or partial response to preoperative CRT was achieved in 27 patients. Disease progression or stabilization was observed in 18 patients. A comparison of the serum levels of actin-binding proteins before treatment with those obtained after preoperative CRT showed that the serum level of ezrin was lower in patients who did not respond to preoperative CRT than in patients with partial or complete response to therapy. ROC-analysis showed that the serum level of ezrin of less than 2.50 ng/ml can predict the tumor response to CRT as unfavorable (less than 75 % according to the RECIST scale). The sensitivity was 72 % and the specificity was 71 %. Conclusion. Determination of the serum level of ezrin in patients with OPSCC has a predictive value in relation to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: new therapy strategies
Authors: Laktionov K. K. , Sarantseva K. A. , Nelyubina L. A. , Gamayunov S. V. , Kolesnikova E. A. , Gordiev M. G.
Published: May 2024

Lung cancer remains one of the most dangerous and most common cancers, requiring constant improvement of diagnostic and treatment methods. The genetic heterogeneity of lung cancer forces us to search for new therapeutic targets in an attempt to achieve greater effectiveness for certain groups of patients. The purpose of the study was to update current knowledge about lung adenocarcinoma with a mutation in the KRAS gene, to consider new opportunities for personalized treatment of KRAS-mutated NSCLC and to form an image of a Russian patient who is potentially indicated for targeted therapy. Material and methods. A search of available literature sources published in the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Elibrary database was carried out, publications covering the period from 2008 to 2023 were included. Results. The article discussed molecular genetic testing, including NGS next generation sequencing, and its role in determining the presence of KRAS gene mutations in patients with lung cancer. the effectiveness of targeted drugs, such as Sotorasib and Adagrasib was also discussed. The mechanism of action is aimed at suppressing the activity of the mutant KRAS G12C protein, which can significantly improve patient survival prognosis. We obtained data on the results of testing 935 patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer from various medical centers in Russia. The KRAS gene mutation was identified in 160 (17.1 %) patients, of whom 96 (10.3 %) had KRAS G12C variant. The KRAS mutation was determined by PCR in 44 patients and by NGS (including on the FoundationOne platform) in 111 patients. Clinical characteristics, such as gender, age, smoking status, PD-L1 expression level, presence of co-mutations (TP53, STK11, KEAP1, were largely similar between patients from real-world clinical practice and patients included in the CodeBreak100 study. Conclusion. The research results confirm the high effectiveness of Sotorasib and Adagrasib for patients with the KRAS G12C mutation and open up new prospects in the treatment of lung cancer. The clinical data obtained from Russian patients demonstrate consistency with the patient profile from registration studies of these drugs. This once again demonstrates the need to expand the range of molecular genetic testing for timely identification of this group of patients and prescribing the most effective treatment for them.
Challenges during pancreatoduodenectomy and ways to overcome them
Authors: Akhmetzyanov F. Sh. , Kotelnikov A. G. , Ter-Ovanesov M. D. , Egorov V. I. , Gostyunin T. D. , Karpeeva O. A.
Published: May 2024

Background. Pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) is the surgical procedure for cancer of the head of the pancreas, distal common bile duct, duodenum and ampulla of Vater. This surgery is associated with a high risk of complications, the development of which can be influenced by various factors. since pancreatic fistula is a key complication of PDR, the choice of the method for pancreatic anastomosis becomes especially important. Material and methods. The search for publications was carried out using the PubMed and Elibrary systems from January 1980 to January 2024. of the 2,300 sources found, 69 were used to write the review. We included data from both retrospective and prospective clinical trials that were devoted to pancreatoduodenectomy for malignant neoplasms, the difficulties encountered in performing this surgery and ways to solve them. Results. Currently, there are more than 60 types of pancreatico-digestive anastomosis, which indirectly indicates the absence of a universal one that ensures the prevention of pancreatic fistula. The treatment outcomes may be influenced by the nature of neoadjuvant treatment, concomitant diseases, anatomical features, presence of obstructive jaundice and methods of its relief. The main mechanisms of influence of negative factors on the development of complications are considered. an individual approach to the patient, taking into account all factors, can significantly reduce the risk of complications.
Motivations for Activism: Exploring Bersih Activists’ Communicative Ecologies
Authors:   Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia, Ngu Ik-Ying
Published: May 2024

Social media provides people with new ways of approaching and engaging in politics. This article explores how Bersih activists develop new communicative practices and motivations for their activism. The study investigates the communicative strategies that they employed in using social media to mobilise their supporters and explores their personal communicative experiences, which are likely to enhance their public commitment. This study draws on data collected from a longitudinal study conducted before and after the 14th General Election (GE14) in 2018, which saw the fall of the dominant Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition after ruling continuously for six decades. Findings show Bersih activism uses mediated and unmediated communication strategies in mobilisation, each of which is organised in a particular way that connects activists with their local and global networks. This study concludes that motivation moderates the three layers of activists’ communicative ecology and the integration of social media into their everyday life helps to actualise collective affordances. Bersih activists use social media to deliver truthful information about their activism as this helps to combat the distribution of fake news, an
National Identity in Transnational Life: The Case of Dual Education of Indonesian Migrant Children in Sabah, East Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Saefudin Arif , Jumintono Jumintono ,   Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia, Rejokirono Rejokirono ,   Directorate of Postgraduate Education, Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2024

Everyone everywhere has the right to education, including migrant children living transnational lives. The practice of transnational life in dual education for Indonesian migrant children is the main focus of this research. As such, this article examines the extent of recruitment, learning processes, outcomes and looks at the different perceptions between two educational institutions: Community Learning Centre Indonesia (CLCI) and Humana Child Aid Society Sabah (HCASS). The research method used was phenomenological qualitative, focusing on Terusan 2 Estate and Sapi 2 Estate, Sandakan District, Sabah, East Malaysia. Interviews were conducted with 25 respondents comprising teachers, students and policymakers of migrant children’s education in Sabah. Observation and documentary analysis were also conducted to strengthen the research. The research findings show prominent differences between the CLCI and HCASS education systems regarding recruitment, processes and learning outcomes. In addition, the findings also explored transnational life practices in education with two different systems. This is because one student subject received very different learning curriculum systems: Indonesia and Malaysia. Students, unconsciously or consciously, practice “code-swiching” behaviour in their interactions with their environment. However, support from the Indonesian government offers some level of national identity inculcation for students in transnational life. In addition, support from the Malaysian government and the oil palm plantations company made the teaching practice run conductively with good facilities and respectful solidarity based on universal peace. Implementing the right to education means providing equal opportunities for all migrant children to access and thrive in higher-quality schools so that, in the future, they can contribute to international life.
Anaerobic treatment of low-strength wastewater: applicability and hygienization potential
Authors: Tomei M. C. , Stazi V. , de Araújo J. Calabria , Madeira C. Leite
Published: May 2024

Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater (DWW) is currently applied in warm climate regions because the process kinetics at these temperatures are competitive with the conventional activated sludge process, and the solution is advantageous given the possibility of energy and nutrient recovery and the reduced sludge production. However, the lower metabolic capacity of anaerobic bacteria than aerobic ones makes the process less efficient, especially for low concentrated wastewater as the domestic ones. This challenge can be overcome by applying high-rate bioreactors, such as anaerobic filters, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, expanded granular sludge bed reactors, and anaerobic baffled reactors, allowing the decoupling of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT). They operate with highly concentrated biomass, thus low HRTs (and consequently lower reactor volumes) can be applied to achieve process rates suitable for practical application. Another important aspect to evaluate the feasibility of the anaerobic treatment of DWW is the hygienization potential, which is gaining increasing attention in light of safe water reuse. In this chapter, an overview of the present state of knowledge of high-rate systems as well as multi-step treatment options, in combination with the anaerobic process, are presented and discussed. In addition, an extended analysis of pathogen removal in anaerobic processes treating low-strength wastewater (with or without post-treatment) is reported with the aim of providing an exhaustive contribution to this aspect, which is of relevance for water reuse and process sustainability.
Water reuse
Authors: Lazarova V.
Published: May 2024

With the increasing concerns of water scarcity, water reuse is becoming the cornerstone of circular water economy and sustainable development. One of the potential solutions to resolve another important environmental challenge, the water–energy nexus, is the introduction of anaerobic processes in wastewater treatment and reclamation trains. Despite the numerous advantages of anaerobic treatment, effluent water quality is lower compared to conventional aerobic secondary effluents and requires adequate post-treatment to meet current wastewater discharge and reuse standards. On the basis of the most popular water reuse standards for non-potable uses and the overview of the characteristics and efficiency of proven treatment processes, this chapter provides guidance on the selection of appropriate wastewater treatment and reclamation alternatives for treatment of urban and industrial wastewater from food and agro-industries which reflect the current practical experience worldwide. The proposed decision-making process for selection of the most suitable treatment scheme for a given project takes into account one additional important parameter – the treatment capacity (plant size) which is not taken into account in current water reuse regulations. Nevertheless, treatment capacity and ease of operation define the feasibility and economic viability of the most suitable post-treatment of anaerobic effluents and tertiary treatment with disinfection for water reuse applications. The presented design and performance parameters for selecting proven and mature treatment technologies are given only for information – professional judgement is necessary for accurate design taking into account all local conditions and requirements. Innovative technologies under investigation or with limited full-scale application which are still not validated for water reuse applications are not discussed. More research efforts are needed for their development and full-scale implementation.
Fate of micropollutants
Authors: de Oliveira G. H. D. , Lovato G. , Rodrigues J. A. D. , Zaiat M.
Published: May 2024

Micropollutants (MPs) are biological or chemical compounds resulting from human activities that make their way into water bodies in trace quantities. They cause adverse effects on aquatic environments and their complexity and costly quantification makes them difficult to monitor and, consequently, the implementation of legislation for controlling their disposal. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to describe occurrence, environmental and health impacts, and current regulatory frameworks of MPs. The fate and removal of these contaminants in anaerobic reactors treating domestic wastewater is discussed and strategies for enhancing MP removal are presented. Studies on MP removal in anaerobic systems are still emerging and a great deal of work should be carried out to evaluate whether conventional anaerobic reactors applied to domestic wastewater treatment under usual operating conditions are able to effectively remove contaminants of emerging concern. Transferring the mechanistic understanding of the anaerobic biotransformation of MPs to feasible changes to be implemented in mainstream anaerobic domestic wastewater treatment remains a major challenge. Moreover, the study of new operating strategies and reactor configurations seems to be mandatory to comply with the requirements of removing organic matter, nutrients, and MPs, as well as generating energy (biogas), thus resulting in robust, safe, and sustainable units.
Process monitoring and control
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge , Ahmed Wasim
Published: May 2024

Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater has its own peculiarities given the low organic loading, volatile suspended solid content, and other specifics; however, monitoring and control approaches for sewage anaerobic biological systems share most principles as for industrial wastewater anaerobic treatment. The main key point for stable nominal operation in anaerobic bioreactors is to maintain sufficient active methanogenic biomass in reactors. The loss of methanogenic biomass can occur due to hydraulic washout, insufficient supply of methanogenesis substrates, inhibitions or toxicity including temperature shock. In this chapter, general key aspects when thinking on anaerobic treatment control are presented and discussed, including the most important variables for effective monitoring. Both conventional and more advanced strategies for process control are discussed with an emphasis on the process dynamics and the utilization of the available information from instrumentation to the best possible way.
Life-cycle assessment, carbon-footprint and techno-economic analysis
Authors: Estévez S. , Hernández V. , Hernández-Sancho F. , Feijoo G. , Moreira M. T.
Published: May 2024

Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater has been recognized as a feasible technology to reduce energy demand from the valorization of streams with high-organic load. However, there are many factors that influence the environmental and economic profiles of the process, such as the effluent pollutant load, operating temperature and methane emissions in the treated effluent and in the air. Therefore, all these parameters must be optimized taking into account not only the technical performance (i.e. biogas production), but also environmental and economic implications. This chapter presents a dual approach to highlight the characteristics of anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater with life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis and how to approach these methodologies in diverse case studies.
Still open research questions on technologies, microplastics, and antibiotic resistance
Authors: de Araújo J. C. , Santos H. A. , Vijande C. , Garrido J. M. , Tomei M. C.
Published: May 2024

In this final chapter, a summary of the still open questions to be solved for the scale-up of the technologies described in the previous chapters (including post-treatment options), for application in cold and temperate climate areas is provided. Special attention is dedicated to upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs), which are, even if with different peculiarities, the most promising solutions. In addition to anaerobic mainstream treatment technologies, recent research demand focuses also on two important emerging topics, which are of interest not only for anaerobic wastewater treatment, but also for conventional activated sludge plants, that is, the fate of microplastics (MPs) in plants and in receiving water bodies and the antibiotic resistance spreading. For these two topics, which were not analyzed in detail in the previous chapters, we propose in this chapter a general presentation of the state of knowledge in relation to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with particular focus on anaerobic systems and related research needs. Concerning MPs, in spite they are recognized as ubiquitous pollutants, there is a strong research demand on the standardization of sampling and analytical protocols and on powerful technologies able to improve their removal. Even though information about the fate and effect of MPs in WWTPs with anaerobic treatments is scarce, AnMBRs have demonstrated high removal rates, which suggest them as a promising technology. As regard to antibiotic resistance, WWTPs are one of the main sources of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and antibiotic residues into the environment. Even if the available data are referring mainly to warm climate regions, it is worth noting that anaerobic reactors, alone or in combination with aerobic post-treatment, can remove from 0.5 to 3.0 log units of ARBs and ARGs depending on the resistance bacteria or gene. Also in this case AnMBRs achieved the best performance while good results have been also obtained with combined treatment options (i.e., anaerobic–aerobic and anaerobic post-treatment). Research demand on antibiotic resistance is driven by the need of clarifying the fate of ARBs, ARGs, antibiotics, pathogens in the treatment line, and the effects of wastewater characteristics on the plant performance. Important challenge is the development and evaluation of more effective disinfection and treatment methods (such as ultrafiltration and advanced oxidative processes) able to reduce the antibiotic resistance spreading from WWTPs.