bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Development and Characterization of Curcumin loaded Albumin Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Choudhary Shailja , Jain Mayuri , Islam Mojahidul
Published: July 2021

Curcumin being component of Curcuma longa is a natural polyphenol. Observing on a chemical level, curcumin is a natural polyphenol which is denominated (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene3,5-dione) which is usually extracted through the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Structurally, it is composed of a trio of chemical identities on a molecular level: dual aromatic ring system. The objective of the research was to design, development and characterization of herbal drug loaded albumin nanoparticles to cure parkinson’s disease for improving and increasing the therapeutic efficacy and also reducing the frequency of dose. The optimized formulations were obtained after applying the design of experiment which was Box Behnken method where three independent variables; polymer concentration, stirring time, crosslinker concentration were selected.  Curcumin nanoparticles loaded with albumin were formulated by ph coacervation method in which ethanol was used as desolvating agent along with a cross linking agent (Glutaraldehyde) and albumin as the polymer. The particle size and polydispersity index of curcumin loaded albumin nanoparticles was measured via dynamic light scattering technique. Drug release research conducted using in vitro method over the duration of 24 hours. Ex vivo drug release study of the albumin nanoparticles was performed using nasal membrane of goat. It has been shown that in case of hydrophilic matrices, swelling of polymer occurs followed by release of drug by diffusion which was best explained by Korsmeyer- peppas equation, which indicates drug release through diffusion which occurs by swelling of polymer matrix and remained constant throughout the release of drug in body. By virtue of particle size, the designed nanoparticles effortlessly goes into the nasal mucosa.
Evaluation of Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activity of Methanol Extract of Cousinia thomsonii against Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Khan Ishfaq Shafi , Bashir Khalid , Gulzar Naveed , Bhat Yaseen Maqbool
Published: July 2021

The present study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of Cousinia thomsonii (CT) extract in bone marrow cells of male wistar rats using some important parameters like micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MnPCE), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and polychromatic erythrocyte to normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE). 30 male rats of wistar strain were divided into 6 groups with 5 rats each group. Group 1 rats were taken as negative control having free access to distilled water and rat feed. Group 2 rats were taken as positive control treated with mutagen cyclophosphamide (CP) at dose of 60 mg/kg b wt. for 2 days. Group 3 and 4 were treated with CT extract at dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b wt. for 20 days. Group 5 and 6 were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b wt of CT extract for first 18 days and for last 2 days with CP at dose concentration of 60 mg/kg. It was found that rats treated with CT extract alone did not produce any significant changes in MnPCE, PCE/NCE ratio, CA and MI when compared with control treated rats (group 1). However in group 5 and 6 rats treated with CT extract in combination with CP a protective effect was observed against the cyclophosphamide induced cellular mutagenicity. In concluding remark Cousinia thomsonii was found to show antigenotoxic potential and also produce protective antimutagenic effects against CP induced chromosomal damage.
Formulation Designing Factors for Development of Repaglinide Transdermal Therapeutic System
Authors: Pethani Dhaval K. , Prajapati Shailesh
Published: July 2021

Repaglinide, a blood-glucose-lowering drug, has a shorter half-life (~1 hour), low oral bioavailability (LOB) (~56 %) due to the first-pass metabolism, and required frequent dosing (Three to four times daily) to control blood glucose level. Repaglinide transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) was prepared to provide continuous drug delivery for a prolonged time. Designing factors for development are selection and optimization of product ingredients, optimization of drug load, types of TTS, matrix thickness, and optimization of drug delivery. During development, repaglinide TTS were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and ex-vivo skin flux at different stages. Based on the pre-formulation study data, Durotak 87-2516® was selected as a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Different formulations of a drug in adhesive matrix and reservoir type repaglinide TTS were evaluated for ex-vivo skin permeation (flux) study. The skin flux results show that sandwiched reservoir type repaglinide TTS can provide average cumulative drug permeation and flux rate of 379.75 ± 47.89 μg/cm2 and 4.62 ± 1.00 μg/cm2/hr respectively for sustain drug delivery over the time of 72 hours. Developed sandwiched reservoir type repaglinide TTS has the potential to sustain delivery of drug for 72 hours, which reduce frequent dosing and thereby improve patient compliance.
Optimization of Sterically stabilized liposome using design of experiment approach
Authors: Patel Dasharath M. , Patel Niteshkumar
Published: July 2021

Recently, a drug delivery system with controlled and targeted drug release at the tumor sites emerged as an attractive option for improving anticancer therapeutics. Advanced nanotherapeutics must not be limited to nanoscale, but should find their way to target the solid tumor via direct or indirect way. Pegylation on the surface of liposome helps to become liposome as long-circulating and indirect or passive targeting to tumors. The purpose of this study is to develop and optimize the critical process parameters, which play an important role in the quality pegylated liposome. The design of experiment (DoE) was used to study the impact of critical process variables like hydration temperature, extrusion process temperature, ethanol concentration, drug loading temperature, and drug loading time. Pegylated liposome was prepared using the ethanol injection method. Size reduction was achieved using the extrusion method. Drug encapsulation was achieved by a remote loading method using an ammonium phosphate gradient. A fractional factorial design was chosen for the optimization of process variables. Hydration temperature and extrusion process temperature directly impact on the degradation of lipids used in liposome formation. Higher temperature increases the lipid degradation during the process. The concentration of ethanol during the size reduction process inversely affects the particle size of the liposome. Higher the ethanol content lowers the particle size achieved. The temperature during drug loading process directly affects the degradation of the drug while inversely affect the encapsulation property. Stability study indicates that optimized formulation using DoE approach remains stable. The present research confirms the feasibility of developing and optimizing sterically stabilized liposome using DoE approach.
Liposome Encapsulated Astaxanthin Altered Biochemical Profile In Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) Induced Hepato Carcinoma On Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Vasudevan Suganya , Venkataraman Anuradha
Published: July 2021

Cancer is a disease in which a group of abnormal cells grow uncontrollably by disregarding the normal rules of cell division. Across several cancers, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in worldwide. It is held responsible for up to 1 million deaths globally per annum. HCC is an inflammation-related cancer, as a chronic inflammatory state is necessary for cancer appearance. In this study, the drug astaxanthin and encapsulated astaxanthin was tested against HCC. Mice were divided into 7 groups; Group I: control, Group II: DEN induced, Group III: DEN + 50 mg/kg astaxanthin, Group IV: DEN + 100 mg/kg astaxanthin, Group V: DEN + 50 mg/kg encapsulated astaxanthin, Group VI: DEN + 100 mg/kg encapsulated astaxanthin, Group VII: DEN + 10 mg/kg sorafenib. Regular diet was given. Body weight, Food intake, water intake was noted. Other biochemical parameters such as ALP, AST, Albumin, proteins and TNF-α was determined. Finally, the liver was removed from each mice of different group by sacrificing them and histopathology was done. In vivo evaluation in mice models showed significant antitumor activities by both encapsulated and non-encapsulated astaxanthin at 100 mg/kg as compared with the control, DEN induced group and positive drug sorafenib. This research suggested that encapsulated astaxanthin can also be used as chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Application of Central Composite Design for Citalopram Hydrogen bromide Mouth Dissolving Films
Authors: Rohini Reddy Shimmula , Ramesh Bomma
Published: July 2021

Citalopram is an antidepressant used for treating major depressive disorder. In the current work Citalopram HBr is formulated as mouth dissolving film with enhanced drug dissolution. The Central Composite Design (CCD), employed to examine the effects of amount of HPMC E50 (A), amount of maltodextrin (B) and amount of glycerol (C) on response variables tensile strength, disintegration time and cumulative % drug release. 27 formulations prepared according to CCD and evaluated for physicochemical parameters and in vitro dissolution studies. Citalopram HBr mouth dissolving films formulated by employing solvent-casting method using HPMC E50, maltodextrin and glycerol, optimized for the effective dosage of superdisintegrants.  The formulation CF21 with maximum tensile strength of 67.21±1.31 gm, least disintegration time of 9±1.60 sec and highest drug release of 98.41±1.81% is chosen optimal formulation with maximum content uniformity and folding endurance. It is evident from the above results that the developed formulation can be an innovative dosage form to improve the drug delivery, quick onset of action as well as improve patient compliance in the effective management of depression.
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits
Authors: Venkatesan Saratha , Somasundaram Ambiga , Rengaraj Sangavi
Published: July 2021

In this research work to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits. The chemical fingerprinting was carried out by high performance thin layer chromatography.  It was carried out by the CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V sample applicator, twin through plate development chamber, TLC scanner III and integration software WIN CATS-4.02. Physalis peruviana fruit extract was tested for phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-oxidant enzymes like 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Physalis peruviana fruit extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various major phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins and anthraquinones. The HPTLC fingerprint qualitatively revealed predominant amount of quercetin. Physalis peruviana fruit extract will be subjected to further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for understanding their mechanism of action as antioxidants.
Docking against Lung cancer protein and Drug-likeliness of Bioactive Compounds from Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm.
Authors: Srinivasan Sujatha , Sivaraman Catharin S. , Issac Ramya R. , Mahalingam Gayathiri , Roke Gnana D. R.
Published: July 2021

Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm. is a medicinally important fern which is used traditionally by various people all over the World. The aim of this research focuses on the docking against lung cancer protein (2ITO) with bioactive compounds of Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm. which is obtained by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy.  The same compounds were analysed using Lipinski’s rule of five for its pharmacological prediction. The bioactive compounds were further referred for ADMET property to find its pharmacokinetic potency and prediction towards its potential as drug in future.   Among the four compounds docked with the Lung cancer protein (2ITO) 4-Nitrophenyl laurate shows high docking score followed by Hexadecanoic acid, 4 Nitrophenyl ester and Myristic acid Vinyl ester. Out of four compounds studied three compounds satisfied the  drug-likeliness based on Lipinski’s rule of five. The present work suggests the bioactive compounds of Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm.  for further in vitro and in vivo studies for its anticancer benefits especially related to lung cancer.
FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE: ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION & CHARACTERIZATION OF IMPURITIES
Authors: Singamsetti JCMKNN Murty , Korupolu Raghu Babu , Gandham Himabindhu , Geereddi Mahesh Kumar Reddy , Kaliyaperumal Muralidharan , Rumalla Chidananda Swamy , Mutha Venkata Satya Rama Naga Anji Karun , Ivaturi Ramu
Published: July 2021

Nilotinib hydrochloride is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia was subjected to forced degradation studies and the samples were analyzed by utilizing the LCMS compatible HPLC methods. Nilotinib Hydrochloride was subjected to thermal, hydrolytic, oxidative, acidic, basic and photolytic degradation conditions as per the regulatory guidelines. The drug was degraded in oxidative, basic and acidic environments and stable in photolytic and thermal conditions. The main degradation impurity components produced through the forced degradation study were isolated for the identification and quantification in presence of these impurities in the stability studies of drug substances as well as drug products. The identified degradation components were separated by mass assisted auto-purification technique and subjected for the characterization by NMR (13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, HMBC and HSQC), HRMS and FT-IR experimentations. Degradation products obtained from oxidative, basic and acidic environments were isolated and identified by the advanced techniques  as acid degradation product (DP-1) with molecular mass of 306.11 g/mol, empirical formula C17H14N4O2 with name as 4-methyl-3- (4 -(pyridine -3-yl) pyrimidin -2 -ylamino) benzoic acid. Base degradation product (DP-2) has molecular weight of 241.08 g/mol, molecular formula C11H10F3N3 with name as 3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline.Oxidative degradation product (DP-3) has molecular weight of 545.18 g/mol, molecular formula C28H22F3N7O2 with name as 3-(2-(2-methyl-5-(3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamoyl) phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridine1-oxide.
Insitu Nasal Gel of Granisetron For Enhancement of Bioavailability Over Oral Delivery: Formulation, Optimization and In-Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Padalkar Rahul , MADGULKAR ASHWINI
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present work was formulation, optimization and in-vivo evaluation of in-situ nasal gel of granisetron that shows liquid to gel transformation at nasal temperature (32-34°C) and maximum drug release after 4 hr; shows biovailability enhancement over oral delivery. Formulations were prepared using poloxamer PF 127 as gel forming polymer, carbopol as mucoadhesive agent and fulvic acid as penetration enhancer. A Box Benhken Design was used to prepare the experimental batches and Design Expert software for optimization of the formulation. Ex-vivo evaluations were carried out on sheep nasal mucosa and for in-vivo evaluation, rabbits were used. It was observed that optimized formulation showed gelation temperature near 33°C and drug release of 96% after 4hr. Fulvic acid was evaluated as penetration enhancer in this work and showed significant enhancement of drug diffusion across nasal mucosal membrane. Ex-vivo histological evaluation of nasal mucosa treated with optimized formulation showed no significant destructive effects. In-vivo evaluations showed that the plasma level profile of prepared insitu nasal gel was enhanced significantly over oral delivery. The findings suggested that nasal route nasal transmucosal delivery of granisetron can result in enhancement of its bioavailability over oral route.
GC-MS Profiling, Invitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Shanmugavadivelu Chandra Mohan , Jain Namrata , Thirupathi Anand , Murugesan Priya
Published: July 2021

In the present study the methanol extract of a novel polyherbal formulation (PHF) was studied for alpha (α)- amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibition using an in vitro antidiabetic model. The polyherbal extract were also examined for its antioxidant activity by using free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The study revealed that the polyherbal formulation exhibit potent radical scavenging activity using DPPH as substrate. The methanol extract exhibited significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC50 value 31.52±0.74µg and 53.13±0.97µg respectively and well compared with standard acarbose drug. Further, antibacterial activity of methanol extract of PHF valuated against standard strains, the tested extract showed more potent inhibitory effects on both Gram (+) bacteria and  Gram (-) bacteria. Thus, it could be concluded that due the presence of antioxidant components the plant extract have well prospective for the management of diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress. This knowledge will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics.
Análisis del derecho humano a la vivienda en México : en aras de un nuevo paradigma
Authors: Miranda Camarena Adrián Joaquín , Maldonado Ramos Samantha
Published: July 2021

En México los derechos humanos son un tema muy agraviado, cuya directriz se ha frustrado debido a la aplicación que realizan las instituciones encargadas de su tutela. En el presente artículo el derecho humano a la vivienda digna y decorosa es sujeto de investigación como derecho humano y social, analizándolo mediante un recorrido desde su primera concepción, pasando por su evolución teórica, los mecanismos de protección y su justiciabilidad, así como su estado actual; por medio de un diseño empírico de su situación es que se ha de evidenciar como este derecho social ha sido olvidado en todos los aspectos que lo constituyen en su compleja conformación. La concepción de la vivienda como un derecho social ha evolucionado y es urgente tomar decisiones que se adecuen al nuevo paradigma en el que se encuentra actualmente inactivo en cuanto a estudio y acción.
Fabrication of Highly Efficient Pervoskite Solar Cells Using Simple Single-step Solution Method
Authors: Dao Quang-Duy
Published: July 2021

This article presents optical property, crystal structure, and photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell (PSC) in n-i-p structure using simple single-step solution method with anti-solvent drip. The fabricated PSC exhibited a relatively high photovoltaic performance with the best power conversion efficiency of 15.8% under forward bias scan. The relatively high photovoltaic performance was probably resulted from the high crystallization, the high absorption coefficient, and the crack-like void-free on the surface of the perovskite absorbers.
Weak Laws of Large Numbers for Negatively Superadditive Dependent Random Vectors in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Hang Bui Khanh , Cuong Tran Manh , Son Ta Cong
Published: July 2021

Let $\{X_{n}, {n}\in \mathbb{N}\}$ be a sequence of negatively superadditive dependent random vectors taking values in a real separable Hilbert space. In this paper, we present the weak laws of large numbers for weighted sums (with or without random indices) of $\{X_{n}, {n}\in \mathbb{N}\}$.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterizations of Ni(II) Thiosemicarbazone Bearing Anthracene
Authors: Hien Dinh Thi , Ha Khuat Thi Thuy , Dat Nguyen Tien , Thao Dinh Thi , Hai Nguyen Minh
Published: July 2021

The X-ray structure of 9-anthraldehyde-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone was firstly determined.  The Ni(II) complex with this ligand was prepared upon reaction with chloride salt. Mass spectrometry result confirms correct formulation of the complex. Unusual 1H NMR signal pattern of anthracene moiety reveal cis arrangement cemented by intramolecular p–p stackings between aromatic rings. As a result of this interaction, the electronic structure of anthracene ring is perturbed and gives rise to structureless and broad absorption and emission bands.
Analisis Efek Pemeliharaan Sistem Intensif dan Ekstensif terhadap Produktivitas dan Kualitas Telur Itik Tegal
Authors: Sunarno Sunarno , Budiraharjo K. , Solikhin Solikhin
Published: July 2021

Itik (Anas plathyrynchos domecticus) merupakan salah satu jenis unggas yang banyak dibudidayakan, terutama sebagai penghasil telur. Produk telur diketahui bermanfaat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani bagi masyarakat di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peternak itik petelur, terutama di Kabupaten Brebes adalah pakan, keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang pemeliharaan itik, permintaan telur asin oleh konsumen yang tinggi yang tidak diiringi oleh peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas telur yang diproduksi itik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sistem pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dan ekstensif terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas telur. Variabel kualitas telur meliputi bobot badan, produksi dan bobot telur, adapun variable kualitas telur terdiri atas pH dan tinggi albumen, pH dan diameter yolk, indeks kuning telur (IKT), dan Haugh Unit (HU). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pembandingan 2 populasi, yaitu antara itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif dan ekstensif, masing-masing menggunakan itik sebanyak 25 ekor. Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t (t student test) pembandingan dua perlakuan. Analisis hasil penelitian menunjukkan, itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif berbeda nyata dengan sistem ektensif, serta memiliki kuantitas dan kualitas telur yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas telur itik, lebih tinggi dibanding itik yang dipelihara secara ekstensif. Pemeliharaan itik secara intensif direkomendasikan dapat diaplikasikan oleh para peternak lokal di Kabupaten Brebes dengan pemanfaatan sumber bahan pakan lokal yang mudah diperoleh, murah, dan aman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan peternak.
Os aspectos da sexualidade do idoso e os seus efeitos na qualidade de vida
Authors: Nascimento Paula Cristina Nunes , Andrade Mayara Evangelista de , Nóbrega Maria de Fátima Ferreira , Silva Cleisla Thamires Lacerda , Soares Nícia Stellita da Cruz , Belém Lindomar de Farias
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Investigar os fatores que podem interferir na sexualidade da população idosa e seus reflexos na Qualidade de Vida (QV). Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa transversal com abordagem quantitativa, em um Programa de Ensino para Idosos na Paraíba. A partir de uma coleta de dados com a adaptação transcultural da Scale for Quality of Sexual Function (QSF) para português. O questionário do Google Forms foi enviado de forma online, devido ao distancimento social, ocasionado pela pandemia do covid-19. Posteriormente, foi realizado o processamento e digitação dos dados no Microsoft Excel e feita à análise dos dados no programa R Core Team (2020). Resultados: Os achados da pesquisa sugerem que os fatores que interferem na sexualidade da população idosa, estão principalmente relacionados às questões hormonais, as quais refletem na redução de lubrificação, da resposta sexual, desejo e outros. Além disso, quesitos como idade elevada, sexo feminino e ausência parecem afetar ainda mais aos idosos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os alunos da instituição estudada, são compostos majoritariamente por mulheres e grande parte dessas, podem sofrer interferências na QV, devido a alterações do envelhecimento, com um possível impacto mental e cognitivo.
Application of a rabbit-elastase aneurysm model for preliminary histology assessment of the PPODA-QT liquid embolic
Authors: Huckleberry April , Merritt William , Cotter Trevor , Settanni Christopher , Preul Mark C. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Becker Timothy Andrew
Published: July 2021

Background:

PPODA-QT is a novel liquid embolic under development for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. We sought to test the rabbit-elastase aneurysm model to evaluate the tissue response following PPODA-QT embolization.

Methods:

Experimental elastase-induced aneurysms were created in fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits. Eight animals were used for aneurysm model and endovascular embolization technique development. Six PPODA-QT-treated animals were enrolled in the study. Control and aneurysm tissues were harvested at acute (n = 2), 1-month (n = 2), and 3-month (n = 2) timepoints and the tissues were prepared for histology assessment.

Results:

All fourteen rabbit-elastase aneurysms resulted in small and medium aneurysm heights (<10 mm dome height) with highly variable neck morphologies, small midline dome diameters, and beyond-wide dome-to-neck (d: n) ratios. Histological evaluation of four aneurysms, treated with PPODA-QT, demonstrated reorganization of aneurysm wall elastin into a smooth muscle layer, and observed as early as the 1-month survival timepoint. At the aneurysm neck, a homogenous neointimal layer (200–300 μm) formed at the PPODA-QT interface, sealing off the parent vessel from the aneurysm dome. No adverse immune response was evident at 1- and 3-month survival timepoints.

Conclusion:

PPODA-QT successfully embolized the treated aneurysms. Following PPODA-QT embolization, neointimal tissue growth and remodeling were noted with minimal immunological response. The experimental aneurysms created in rabbits were uniformly small with inconsistent neck morphology. Further testing of PPODA-QT will be conducted in larger aneurysm models for device delivery optimization and aneurysm healing assessment before human clinical investigation.
Giant Actinomyces brain abscess in an immunocompetent child: A management strategy
Authors: Chicoine Nicole H. , Griffith-Linsley Jackson , Goh Joling , Manaloor John J. , Raskin Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Intraparenchymal brain abscess is a collection of microbes caused by inoculation through direct extension or hematogenous spread. Although rare, intraparenchymal abscesses are potentially fatal and can be detected when patients are symptomatic due to local mass effect on adjacent neural tissue. Brain abscess treatment includes medical management with appropriate antibiotics alone or medical management in combination with surgical debridement. Treatment strategies depend on the size and location of disease, as well as the virulence of the microorganism. Similar to medical management strategies, surgical strategies among providers are not uniform, with variation in approaches from complete extirpation of the abscess, including the abscess wall, to minimally invasive stereotactic needle aspiration. In particular, for children, there are no guidelines for therapy.

Case Description:

We report a case of giant Actinomycosis right frontal brain abscess in an immunocompetent child without risk factors. A review of the literature for the treatment of brain abscess caused very rarely by Actinomyces in children is performed.

Conclusion:

Successful treatment of brain access depends on organism and location. The even more uncommon giant intraparenchymal abscesses can be managed with minimal access and prolonged antibiosis, especially when slow-growing organisms are identified. Long-term follow-up should be employed to mitigate missed late failures.
High-flow bypass surgery using a radial artery graft for an extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Koketsu Kenta , Kim Kyongsong , Ideguchi Minoru , Kokubo Rinko , Mizunari Takayuki , Morita Akio
Published: July 2021

Background:

Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare. Surgery may be difficult when vessels are tortuous and on a high cervical level. We report two patients whose tortuous extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm located on a high cervical level was successfully treated by ICA ligation and a high-flow bypass using a radial artery (RA) graft between the external carotid- and the middle cerebral artery.

Case Description:

(Case 1) A 47-year-old man suffered a recurrent cerebral infarct despite medical treatment. His right extracranial ICA aneurysm measured 33 mm; it was tortuous and located at a high cervical level. We ligated the ICA after placing a high-flow bypass using an RA graft. The aneurysm was not repaired. (Case 2) A 59-year-old woman noticed pulsatile swelling on her left neck. It was due to an extracranial ICA aneurysm that was large (36 mm), tortuous, and located at a high cervical level. We performed ICA ligation after placing a high-flow bypass using an RA graft without direct aneurysmal repair. Six months after the operation she noted a pulsatile bulge on the left oropharynx. We confirmed recurrence of an aneurysm from retrograde blood flow and performed internal trapping by occluding the distal portion of the ICA aneurysm using an intravascular procedure.

Conclusion:

ICA ligation after placing a high-flow bypass with an RA-graft is a technically demanding, but safe procedure to address extracranial ICA aneurysms that are tortuous and located at a high cervical level.
Spontaneous epidural pneumorrhachis in 14 years old
Authors: Hudson Joseph Scott , Jeong Seung , Zhang Xiaoran , Abel Taylor J.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Pneumorrhachis is an exceedingly rare complication of pneumomediastinum as air tracks through tissue planes into the epidural (or subdural space). The majority of these patients present with a clear history of trauma, iatrogenic injury, pneumothorax, vomiting, or retching.

Case Description:

A 14-year-old male presented with the asymptomatic spontaneous onset of pneumorrhachis associated with significant pneumomediastinum of unclear etiology.

Conclusion:

Most patients with pneumorrhachis present with nonfocal neurological examinations. For these patients, it is critical to rule out infection as the cause of epidural gas. If other systemic signs are present, then urgent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging should be obtained. The majority of patients will demonstrate spontaneous radiographic resolution of pneumorrhachis within several days.
Posttraumatic C2-C3 spondyloptosis without focal neurological deficit, treated with anterior and posterior approaches: A case report
Authors: Fattahi Arash , Daneshi Abdoulhadi , Mohajeri seyed Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2021

Background:

Cervical spondyloptosis is usually caused by trauma, and correlated with significant neurological deficits that can include quadriplegia, respiratory disorders, vertebral artery injury, and death.

Case Description:

A 34-year-old male presented with C2-C3 spondylolisthesis after a fall from a tree. Although he had no neurological deficits, CT and X-ray studies confirmed C2-C3 a spondyloptosis. He was treated with emergent anterior and posterior cervical reduction, decompression, and fixation, remaining neurologically intact in the postoperative period.

Conclusion:

Patients with C2-C3 spondyloptosis documented on X-ray/CT studies should be considered for circumferential decompression/fusion to preserve neurological function.
Management of single-level thoracic disc herniation through a modified transfacet approach: A review of 86 patients
Authors: Kashyap Samir , Webb Andrew G. , Friis Elizabeth A. , Arnold Paul M.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is rare and does not typically resolve with conservative management. Traditional surgical management is the transthoracic approach; however, this approach can carry significant risk. Posterolateral approaches are less invasive, but no single approach has proven to be more effective than the other results are often dependent on surgeon experience with a particular approach, as well as the location and characteristics of the disc herniation.

Methods:

This was retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. Eighty-six patients with TDH treated surgically through the modified transfacet approach were reviewed and evaluated for pain improvement, Nurick grade, and neurological symptoms. Patients were followed for 12 months postoperatively; estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, hospital course, and postoperative complications were also assessed.

Results:

All attempts at disc resection were successful. Most patients reported improvement in pain, sensory involvement, and strength. Seventy-nine patients had complete resolution of their symptoms while four patients had unchanged symptoms. Three patients experienced mild neurologic worsening postoperatively, but this resolved back to baseline. One patient experienced myelopathy during the postoperative period that resolved with steroid administration. The procedure was well tolerated with minimal complications.

Conclusion:

TDH can be managed surgically through a variety of approaches. The selection of approach is dependent on surgeon experience with an approach, the patient’s health, and the location and type of disc. The transfacet approach is safe and efficacious.
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing-Bacteria Isolated From Pregnant Women With Genital Tract Infection in Duhok Governorate
Authors: Nerway Sozan M. , Al-Delaimi Muna S.
Published: July 2021

Beta-lactamase producing bacteria have a worldwide distribution with a high degree of prevalence in both community and hospital. Furthermore, multidrug resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacterial isolates from women patients may limit treatment options available. This study was designed to determine the frequency of bacterial isolates associated with genital tract infection in pregnant women and their antimicrobial resistance profile and to assess the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing bacteria. Demonstrating the β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with specific primers, was carried out on patients who were admitted to Maternity and Obstetric Hospital in Duhok city from November 2018 to October 2019. A total of 100 high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women patients between the ages 18-45 years. All clinical samples were cultured and standard microbiological methods were used to identify bacterial isolates, then confirmed by Vitek®2 compact automated system. All gram negative bacterial isolates were studied phenotypically and genotypically for extended spectrum β-lactamases-production. Out of 100 vaginal swabs, 88% confirmed positive culture; 90.9% of which were bacterial isolates. From the total bacterial isolates, 38.8% were gram negative bacteria, with a predominant 54.8% Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli 35.5%. 54.8% of the isolates were characterized as multidrug resistance isolates, 29% isolates were extensive drug resistance, and no pan drug resistance were detected. Among these, the commonest extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates were Escherichia coli 81.8% followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae 58.8%. Extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing isolates have showed significantly higher resistance than non- extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. CTX-M was the most common β-lactamase gene 73.7% among extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strains, followed by blaSHV, 57.9% and blaTEM 52.6%, 21.1% had combination of all bla genes, 15.8% had CTX-M only and combination of blaCTX-M with blaSHV and blaTEM. 10.5% among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates carried SHV type only and in combination with TEM type while TEM gene were observed in 5.3%. We concluded that the drug resistant isolates were common, worryingly high and it may limit treatment options available. In this study a high level of the blaCTX-M gene was demonstrated among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates.
Curative Effects of Ethanol Extract of Prosopis Farcta (Syrian Mesquite) Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Ahmed Kowan M. , Mahmud Sarbast A.
Published: July 2021

The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Prosopis farcta (P. farcta) ethanol fruit extract in ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in male albino rats. Lithiasis was induced by oral administration of EG 1% in male albino rats for 28 days. Seventy eight male albino rats weighing 250-300g were used and divided into six experimental groups. Group A is a control group received standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum, while, rest of groups namely group B, C, D, E, F animals received 1% EG in water for 28 days, then from day 15 to day 28 in addition to EG administration, group C received cystone, group D, E and F received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) of ethanol fruit extract of P. farcta respectively. On day 28, blood was collected for serum biochemical (serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, electrolytes measurements, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) determinations. While urine was collected to microscopic analysis of formed crystals besides the kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and B.W. gain/ loss values were determined. Intermediate dose (200mg/kg B.W.) of P. farcta extract significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea, MDA and non-significantly recovered SOD toward control value in group E as compared to group B, also significant elevation in kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and reduction in B.W. gains in group B occurred as compared with group A. In conclusion: P. farcta fruit extract has potentially therapeutic effects on EG induced kidney stone which can be used as effective antiurolithiatic agent rather than cystone.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИМЕСНЫХ АТОМОВ УГЛЕРОДА И КИСЛОРОДА НА ДИФФУЗИЮ ПО ГРАНИЦАМ НАКЛОНА <110> В НИКЕЛЕ И СЕРЕБРЕ
Authors: Зоря И.В. , Полетаев Г.М. , Старостенков М.Д.
Published: July 2021

Методом молекулярной динамики проведено исследование влияния примесных атомов углерода и кислорода на диффузию по границам зерен наклона с осью разориентации 110 в ГЦК металлах Ni и Ag. Показано, что границы наклона 110 обладают значительно меньшей диффузионной проницаемостью по сравнению с границами наклона с осями 100 и 111. Введение примесей, как правило, приводило к интенсификации диффузии по границам зерен, что было обусловлено деформацией кристаллической решетки вблизи примесных атомов, из-за чего вдоль границ возникали дополнительные искажения и свободный объем. Атомы углерода оказались более подвижны, чем атомы кислорода, что согласуется с энергиями активации их миграции вдоль ядер дислокаций. Для Ni были получены значения 0,21 эВ для С и 0,27 эВ для О. Для Ag: 0,32 и 0,42 эВ соответственно. Для диффузии по границам 110 была обнаружена ярко выраженная анизотропия, которая, в отличие от границ наклона 100 и 111, сохранялась и при больших углах разориентации. Наибольший эффект от примесей на самодиффузию вдоль границ зерен из двух рассмотренных металлов наблюдался для никеля, который обладает наименьшим параметром решетки. Примесные атомы сильнее деформируют решетку в никеле вокруг себя по сравнению с серебром, в связи с чем они создают в нем сравнительно больше искажений решетки и дополнительного свободного объема вдоль границ зерен, которые приводят к росту диффузионной проницаемости.
СИНТЕЗ НАНОЧАСТИЦ Cu-Au ИЗ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗЫ: МД МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ. ЧАСТЬ II
Authors: Гафнер Ю.Я. , Гафнер С.Л.
Published: July 2021

В работе представлены результаты компьютерного моделирования методом молекулярной динамики синтеза бинарных нанокластеров Cu-Au методом конденсации из газовой среды. За основу модели была выбрана экспериментальная установка, находящаяся в Институте ядерной физики им. Г.И. Будкера СО РАН (г. Новосибирск). Для вычисления сил межатомного взаимодействия использовались модифицированные потенциалы TB-SMA с фиксированным радиусом обрезания. Начальной точкой процесса конденсации наночастиц из высокотемпературной газовой фазы была конфигурация, содержащая суммарно 91124 атомов Cu и Au, распределенных в простой кубической решетке с параметром решетки в 30 × аВ, где аВ – радиус Бора, с использованием периодических граничных условий. Основной целью исследования было определение возможного влияния начального химического состава газовой фазы, имеющейся в камере синтеза, на распределение конечных частиц по размеру и химическую композицию атомов золота и меди. Для анализа процессов синтеза были выбраны разные химические композиции Cu3Au, Cu-Au, Cu90Au10 и Cu60Au40, которые в процессе конденсации охлаждались жидким азотом. Показано отсутствие четкой зависимости между процентным содержанием атомов меди в первичной газовой среде и в конечных бинарных кластерах, но найдена следующая неожиданная закономерность – наибольшие отклонения от целевого химического состава были получены для случаев Cu-Au кластеров со стехиометрическими составами CuAu и Cu3Au. На основе проведенного моделирования был сделан вывод о том, что при выбранных нами параметрах, размере системы и числе атомов в ней уже оказалось технически возможным повторить результаты непосредственных экспериментов по синтезу наночастиц Cu-Au с достаточно хорошей степенью достоверности.
КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ МЕЖДУ МОЛЕКУЛОЙ ОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА И НАНОЧАСТИЦЕЙ СОТОВОГО БОРОФЕНА МЕТОДОМ ФУНКЦИОНАЛА ПЛОТНОСТИ – ВАН-ДЕР-ВААЛЬСА
Authors: Маслова О.А. , Безносюк С.А. , Ромашова Е.В.
Published: July 2021

В работе представлены результаты расчёта межмолекулярного взаимодействия молекулы СО с сотовым борофеном. Сенсорная наносистема борофена моделировалась 84 атомным островковым фрагментом графеноподобных «пустых» гексагонов плоского монослоя атомов бора, Расчеты были выполнены гибридным B3LYP функционалом плотности в базисе 6-31G* с помощью стандартного программного пакета ORCA. Геометрические параметры модели гексагональной сотовой структуры борофена задавались табличным значением средней длины связи соседних атомов бора RBB = 1,69 A. Проведено компьютерное моделирование атак молекулой СО различных мест на монослое борофена. Показано, что на поверхности сотового борофена молекула угарного газа СО неселективно связывается слабыми межмолекулярными взаимодействиями с энергией связи 17 МэВ на равновесном расстоянии 3,6 А от плоскости монослоя атомов бора. Небольшое преимущество по энергии связи, порядка 1 МэВ, имеет атака молекулой СО кислородным концом позиции в центре гексагонального ринга B6 сотового борофена. Полученные адсорбционные свойства сотового борофена заметно отличаются от свойств его геометрического аналога графена, который высокоселективно позиционирует молекулу угарного газа внутри кольца С6, как по энергии связи, так и по равновесному расстоянию. Различия объясняются существенным отличием электронного строения поверхностного слоя графена и, его геометрического аналога, сотового борофена. В случае графена электронная подсистема молекулы СО взаимодействует непосредственно с π-орбиталями монослоя углерода, которых фактически нет у сотового борофена.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ НА НАПРЯЖЁННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СТЕНОК ТРУБЫ ИЗ ДИСПЕРСНО-УПРОЧНЁННОГО СПЛАВА
Authors: Матвиенко О.В. , Данейко О.И. , Ковалевская Т.А.
Published: July 2021

В работе проведено исследование влияния распределения температуры на напряженно-деформированное состояние нагруженной однородным внутренним давлением трубы из дисперсно-упрочненного алюминиевого сплава. Для определения напряжения течения использовалась физико-математическая модель пластической деформации дисперсно-упрочненных сплавов с некогерентными частицами. Математическая модель напряженно-деформированного состояния трубы включает в себя уравнение теплопроводности, а также уравнения механики деформируемого твердого тела, а именно: уравнение равновесия, геометрические и физические связи между деформациями, смещениями и напряжениями. При нагреве внешней стенки материал наружных слоев трубы становится более пластичным, величина давления, необходимого для достижения пластической деформации внешней стенки, уменьшается. Охлаждение внешней и внутренней стенок трубы приводит к росту предела пластического сопротивления. Увеличение температуры внутренней стенки уменьшает сопротивляемость пластической деформации внутренних слоев трубы. При одной и той же абсолютной разности температур внешней и внутренней стенок предел пластического сопротивления тем меньше, чем выше температура внутренней стенки трубы.
ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ СТЕКЛОВАНИЯ БИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ КЛАСТЕРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ТИТАНА ОТ СКОРОСТИ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Мясниченко В.С. , Ершов П.М. , Соколов Д.Н. , Колосов А.Ю. , Давыденкова Е.М. , Сдобняков Н.Ю.
Published: July 2021

Проведена серия молекулярно-динамических экспериментов по охлаждению разупорядоченных биметаллических кластеров на основе титана, с использованием потенциала сильной связи. Перекрестные параметры потенциала были рассчитаны с использованием правила Лоренца-Бертло. Охлаждение проходило в температурном интервале от 900 K до 300 K со скоростями: 4,0; 2,0; 1,0; 0,5; 0,25; 0,125 K/пс. Рассмотренные наносплавы имели эквиатомные составы TiAl и TiV с общим числом атомов N=500. Для идентификации образующихся простых упорядоченных фаз использовался метод сопоставления полиэдральных шаблонов. Получены температурные зависимости изменения состава внутренних атомов в нанокластерах при различных скоростях охлаждения. Под составом внутренних атомов понимаем число атомов, ассоциированных с упорядоченными структурами. Анализ температурных зависимостей изменения состава показывает принципиально разные сценарии структурных превращений для нанокластеров TiAl и TiV. Для биметаллического нанокластера TiAl характерно доминирующее присутствие кристаллических фаз. Доля ИК фазы в этом случае прямо пропорционально зависит от скорости охлаждения. Для биметаллического нанокластера TiV характерно доминирование ИК фазы при всех скоростях охлаждения.Установлено, что формирование ГПУ фазы для биметаллического нанокластера TiV происходит «ступенчато». Доля ГПУ-ассоциированных атомов увеличивается с уменьшением скорости охлаждения, а ГЦК фаза имеет слабовыраженный максимум при скоростях охлаждения 0,125 K/пс и 1,0 K/пс при температуре 400 К. В данном случае ОЦК фаза практически не формируется. С использованием эмпирического критерия для биметаллических нанокластеров TiAl и TiV получена зависимость температуры стеклования от скорости охлаждения. Установлен слабый нелинейный характер указанной зависимости.