bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel in vivo model for studying conditional dual loss of BLIMP‐1 and p53 in B‐cells, leading to tumor transformation
Authors: Sacco Antonio , Kawano Yawara , Moschetta Michele , Zavidij Oksana , Huynh Daisy , Reagan Michaela , Mishima Yuji , Manier Salomon , Park Jihye , Morgan Elizabeth , Takagi Satoshi , Wong Kwok K. , Carrasco Ruben , Ghobrial Irene M. , Roccaro Aldo M.
Published: May 2017

The tumor suppressors B‐lymphocyte‐induced maturation protein‐1 (BLIMP‐1) and p53 play a crucial role in B‐cell lymphomas, and their inactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of lymphoid malignancies, including diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Patients with activated B‐cell‐like (ABC) DLBCL may present with loss of BLIMP‐1, c‐Myc over‐expression, decreased p53, and poor prognosis. Nevertheless, there is a lack of in vivo models recapitulating the biology of high‐grade ABC DLBCL. We therefore aimed to develop an in vivo model aiming to recapitulate the phenotype observed in this cohort of patients. A Cre‐Lox approach was used to achieve inactivation of both p53 and BLIMP‐1 in murine B‐cells. Contextual ablation of BLIMP‐1 and p53 led to development of IgM‐positive B‐cell lymphoma with an aggressive phenotype, supported by c‐Myc up‐regulation, and accumulation of somatic mutations, as demonstrated by whole exome sequencing. Sensitivity of B‐tumor cells to BTK inhibition was demonstrated. This model mirrors what reported in patients with ABC DLBLC, and therefore represents a novel model for studying the biology of ABC‐DLBCL harboring the dual loss of BLIMP‐1/p53 and c‐Myc over‐expression.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitor Rosuvastatin and Natural Styryl Lactone Cryptomoscatone E1
Authors: Ramesh Perla , Anjibabu Ramisetti , Reddy Yarram Narasimha , Yedukondalu Maddipatla , Reddy Thatikonda Narendar , Kummari Bhaskar , Raju Atla , Srinivasu Navuluri
Published: May 2017

Racemic syn‐ethyl (E)‐2‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐styryl‐1,3‐dioxan‐4‐yl)acetate is hydrolyzed with high enantioselectivity by Novozyme‐435 in 0.05 m sodium phosphate buffer at room temperature. The optically pure unreacted ethyl 2‐((4R,6S)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐((E)‐styryl)‐1,3‐dioxan‐4‐yl)acetate and hydrolyzed (4S,6R)‐acid are used in the synthesis of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin and the naturally occurring styryl lactone cryptomoscatone E1, respectively.
Miller–Urey Spark‐Discharge Experiments in the Deuterium World
Authors: Cooper Geoffrey J. T. , Surman Andrew J. , McIver Jim , Colón‐Santos Stephanie M. , Gromski Piotr S. , Buchwald Saskia , Suárez Marina Irene , Cronin Leroy
Published: May 2017

We designed and conducted a series of primordial‐soup Miller‐Urey style experiments with deuterated gases and reagents to compare the spark‐discharge products of a “deuterated world” with the standard reaction in the “hydrogenated world”. While the deuteration of the system has little effect on the distribution of amino acid products, significant differences are seen in other regions of the product‐space. Not only do we observe about 120 new species, we also see significant differences in their distribution if the two hydrogen isotope worlds are compared. Several isotopologue matches can be identified in both, but a large proportion of products have no equivalent in the corresponding isotope world with ca. 43 new species in the D world and ca. 39 new species in the H world. This shows that isotopic exchange (the addition of only one neutron) may lead to significant additional complexity in chemical space under otherwise identical reaction conditions.
Air‐Stable Manganese(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation for Decarboxylative C−H/C−O Cleavages in Water
Authors: Wang Hui , Lorion Mélanie M. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2017

The decarboxylative C−H/C−O functionalization was accomplished by air‐ and water‐tolerant manganese(I) catalysis. The versatile C−H allylation occurred by facile organometallic C−H metalation on indoles, arenes, amino acids and synthetically meaningful aryl ketimines with ample substrate scope and high levels of chemo‐, site‐ and regio‐selectivity.
Oxidative Neutralization of Mustard‐Gas Simulants in an On‐Board Flow Device with In‐Line NMR Monitoring
Authors: Picard Baptiste , Gouilleux Boris , Lebleu Thomas , Maddaluno Jacques , Chataigner Isabelle , Penhoat Maël , Felpin François‐Xavier , Giraudeau Patrick , Legros Julien
Published: May 2017

The fast and effective neutralization of the mustard‐gas simulant 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) using a simple and portable continuous flow device is reported. Neutralization takes place through a fully selective sulfoxidation by a stable source of hydrogen peroxide (alcoholic solution of urea–H2O2 adduct/MeSO3H freshly prepared). The reaction progress can be monitored with an in‐line benchtop NMR spectrometer, allowing a real‐time adjustment of reaction conditions. Inherent features of millireactors, that is, perfect control of mixing, heat and reaction time, allowed the neutralization of 25 g of pure CEES within 46 minutes in a 21.5 mL millireactor (tR=3.9 minutes). This device, which relies on affordable and nontoxic reagents, fits into a suitcase, and can be deployed by police/military forces directly on the attack site.
Synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives using Fe3O4@SiO2@piperidinium benzene‐1,3‐disulfonate (Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle‐supported IL) as a novel, green and heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Mahmoodi Jafar , Shahriari Azadeh , Maghbooli Yaser
Published: May 2017

A simple, green and efficient protocol for the one‐pot four‐component synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives produced from reaction between aryl aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of nano magnetic piperidinium benzene‐1,3‐disulfonate was synthesized in water at 60 °C. The Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle‐supported IL was designed and synthesized. The present process offers advantages such as clean reaction, short reaction time, good to excellent yield, easy purification and easy recoverable catalyst.
Zinc(II) complexes of Triaza and Amidinate ligands: Efficient initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐Caprolactone and rac‐Lactide
Authors: Kirubakaran Bakthavachalam , Beesam Raghavendra , Nareddula Dastagiri Reddy
Published: May 2017

Zinc complexes supported by tertiary 1,3,5‐triazapenta‐1,3‐dienate ligand (L1) and N‐benzoyl‐N′‐arylbenzamidinate [aryl =2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (L2), phenyl (L3)] ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The reaction of L1H with ZnEt2 affords a mononuclear zinc complex [L1ZnEt] (1) in good yield. Tetra nuclear zinc complex [(L1)2Zn4O(OAc)4] (2) is prepared by treating L1H with one equivalent of Zn(OAc)2 in toluene. Further, dinuclear zinc complexes [L2ZnEt]2 (3) and [L3ZnEt]2 (4) are obtained in good yields from L2H and L3H with ZnEt2 in toluene respectively. The complexes 1–4 have been characterized by 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. All of the complexes have been explored for their catalytic activity toward the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone. It has been found that complex 1 is an active catalyst for the polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in presence of a cocatalyst benzyl alcohol (BnOH). While complex 2 is as active as 1 there is no need for a cocatalyst for the polymerization to proceed. Dinuclear zinc complexes 3 and 4 show very high activity for the ROP of ε‐caprolactone (CL) and rac‐lactide (LA) without requiring a cocatalyst. The resultant polymers are found to have very high molecular weight (Mn = 296 X 103 g mol−1) and relatively narrow polydispersity index compared to 1 and 2.
Ontology for cultural variations in interpersonal communication: Building on theoretical models and crowdsourced knowledge
Authors: Thakker Dhavalkumar , Karanasios Stan , Blanchard Emmanuel , Lau Lydia , Dimitrova Vania
Published: May 2017

The domain of cultural variations in interpersonal communication is becoming increasingly important in various areas, including human–human interaction (e.g., business settings) and human–computer interaction (e.g., during simulations, or with social robots). User‐generated content (UGC) in social media can provide an invaluable source of culturally diverse viewpoints for supporting the understanding of cultural variations. However, discovering and organizing UGC is notoriously challenging and laborious for humans, especially in ill‐defined domains such as culture. This calls for computational approaches to automate the UGC sensemaking process by using tagging, linking, and exploring. Semantic technologies allow automated structuring and qualitative analysis of UGC, but are dependent on the availability of an ontology representing the main concepts in a specific domain. For the domain of cultural variations in interpersonal communication, no ontological model exists. This paper presents the first such ontological model, called AMOn+, which defines cultural variations and enables tagging culture‐related mentions in textual content. AMOn+ is designed based on a novel interdisciplinary approach that combines theoretical models of culture with crowdsourced knowledge (DBpedia). An evaluation of AMOn+ demonstrated its fitness‐for‐purpose regarding domain coverage for annotating culture‐related concepts mentioned in text corpora. This ontology can underpin computational models for making sense of UGC.
Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict drug disposition in pregnant populations
Authors: Jogiraju Vamshi Krishna , Avvari Suvarchala , Gollen Rakesh , Taft David R.
Published: May 2017

Pregnancy is associated with numerous physiological changes that influence absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Moreover, the magnitude of these effects changes as pregnancy matures. For most medications, there is limited information available about changes in drug disposition that can occur in pregnant patients, yet most women are prescribed one or more medications during pregnancy. In this investigation, PBPK modeling was used to assess the impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetic profiles of three medications (metformin, tacrolimus, oseltamivir) using the Simcyp® simulator. The Simcyp pregnancy‐PBPK model accounts for the known physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. For each medication, plasma concentration–time profiles were simulated using Simcyp® virtual populations of healthy volunteers and pregnant patients. The predicted systemic exposure metrics (Cmax, AUC) were compared with published clinical data, and the fold error (FE, ratio of predicted and observed data) was calculated. The PBPK model was able to capture the observed changes in Cmax and AUC across each trimester of pregnancy compared with post‐partum for metformin (FE range 0.86–1.19), tacrolimus (FE range 1.03–1.64) and oseltamivir (FE range 0.54–1.02). Simcyp model outputs were used to correlate these findings with pregnancy‐induced alterations in renal blood flow (metformin, oseltamivir), hepatic CYP3A4 activity (tacrolimus) and reduced plasma protein levels and hemodilution (tacrolimus). The results illustrate how PBPK modeling can help to establish appropriate dosing guidelines for pregnant patients and to predict potential changes in systemic exposure during pregnancy for compounds undergoing clinical development.
Enhanced d‐lactic acid production by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae following optimization of the global metabolic pathway
Authors: Yamada Ryosuke , Wakita Kazuki , Mitsui Ryosuke , Ogino Hiroyasu
Published: May 2017

Utilization of renewable feedstocks for the production of bio‐based chemicals such as d‐lactic acid by engineering metabolic pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has recently become an attractive option. In this study, to realize efficient d‐lactic acid production by S. cerevisiae, the expression of 12 glycolysis‐related genes and the Leuconostoc mesenteroides d‐LDH gene was optimized using a previously developed global metabolic engineering strategy, and repeated batch fermentation was carried out using the resultant strain YPH499/dPdA3‐34/DLDH/1‐18. Stable d‐lactic acid production through 10 repeated batch fermentations was achieved using YPH499/dPdA3‐34/DLDH/1‐18. The average d‐lactic acid production, productivity, and yield with 10 repeated batch fermentations were 60.3 g/L, 2.80 g/L/h, and 0.646, respectively. The present study is the first report of the application of a global metabolic engineering strategy for bio‐based chemical production, and it shows the potential for efficient production of such chemicals by global metabolic engineering of the yeast S. cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2075–2084. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative proteome profiles help reveal efficient xylose utilization mechanisms in solventogenic Clostridium sp. strain BOH3
Authors: Basu Anindya , Xin Fengxue , Lim Teck Kwang , Lin Qingsong , Yang Kun‐Lin , He Jianzhong
Published: May 2017

Development of sustainable biobutanol production platforms from lignocellulosic materials is impeded by inefficient five carbon sugar uptake by solventogenic bacteria. The recently isolated Clostridium sp. strain BOH3 is particularly advantaged in this regard as it serves as a model organism which can simultaneously utilize both glucose and xylose for high butanol (>15 g/L) production. Strain BOH3 was, therefore, investigated for its metabolic mechanisms for efficient five carbon sugar uptake using a quantitative proteomics based approach. The proteomics data show that proteins within the CAC1341‐1349 operon play a pivotal role for efficient xylose uptake within the cells to produce butanol. Furthermore, up‐regulation of key enzymes within the riboflavin synthesis pathway explained that xylose could induce higher riboflavin production capability of the bacteria (e.g., ∼80 mg/L from glucose vs. ∼120 mg/L from xylose). Overall results from the present experimental approach indicated that xylose‐fed BOH3 cultures are subjected to high levels of redox stress which coupled with the solvent stress—trigger a sporulation response within the cells earlier than the glucose‐fed cultures. The study lays the platform for metabolic engineering strategies in designing organisms for efficient butanol and other value‐added chemicals such as riboflavin production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1959–1969. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparative pharmacokinetic study of three flavonoids and three anthraquinones in normal and gastrointestinal motility disorders rat plasma after the oral administration of Wei‐Chang‐Shu tablet using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ren Yan , Zhao Weiwei , Zhao Juanjuan , Chen Xiangming , Yu Chen , Liu Mengan
Published: May 2017

A simple, fast and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetic study of three flavonoids (liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and formononetin) and three anthraquinones (emodin, rhein and aloe‐emodin), which are the bioactive ingredients of Wei‐Chang‐Shu tablet found in rat plasma. After extraction by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min by gradient elution using 0.1% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile. The detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source in the negative ionization and selected reaction monitoring mode. Method validation was performed in terms of specificity, carryover, linearity (r > 0.99), intra−/inter‐day precision (1.0–10.1%), accuracy (relative error, <7.6%), stability (0.6–13.2%), extract recovery (74.9–91.9%) and matrix effect (89.1–109%). The lower limits of quantification of the six analytes varied from 0.92 to 10.4 ng/mL. The validated method was successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of Wei‐Chang‐Shu tablet in normal rats and in rats with gastrointestinal motility disorders. The results indicated that there were obvious differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior between normal and model rats. This study will be helpful in the clinical application of Wei‐Chang‐Shu tablet.
Identification of differential metabolic characteristics between tumor and normal tissue from colorectal cancer patients by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Ning Wu , Li Haijing , Meng Fanqiang , Cheng Jianhua , Song Xin , Zhang Guochao , Wang Wenyue , Wu Shengming , Fang Junjian , Ma Kunpeng , Yang Jie , Pei Dongpo , Dong Fangting
Published: May 2017

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies and encompasses cancers of the colon and rectum. Although the gold‐standard colonoscopy screening method is effective in detecting CRC, this method is invasive and can result in severe complications for patients. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in metabolites between CRC and matched adjacent nontumor tissues from CRC patients, to identify potential biomarkers that may be informative and developed screening methods. Metabolomic analysis was performed on clinically localized CRC tissue and matched adjacent nontumor tissue from 20 CRC patients. Unsupervised analysis, supervised analysis, univariate analysis and pathway analysis were used to identify potential metabolic biomarkers of CRC. The levels of 25 metabolites in CRC tissues were significantly altered compared with the matched adjacent nontumor tissues. Four metabolites (lactic acid, alanine, phosphate and aspartic acid) demonstrated good area under the curve of receiver‐operator characteristic with acceptable sensitivities and specificities, indicating their potential as important biomarkers for CRC. Alterations of amino acid metabolism and enhanced glycolysis may be major factors in the development and progression of CRC. Lactic acid, alanine, phosphate, and aspartic acid could be effective diagnostic indicators for CRC.
Carbonyl Activation by Borane Lewis Acid Complexation: Transition States of H2 Splitting at the Activated Carbonyl Carbon Atom in a Lewis Basic Solvent and the Proton‐Transfer Dynamics of the Boroalkoxide Intermediate
Authors: Heshmat Mojgan , Privalov Timofei
Published: May 2017

By using transition‐state (TS) calculations, we examined how Lewis acid (LA) complexation activates carbonyl compounds in the context of hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds by H2 in Lewis basic (ethereal) solvents containing borane LAs of the type (C6F5)3B. According to our calculations, LA complexation does not activate a ketone sufficiently enough for the direct addition of H2 to the O=C unsaturated bond; but, calculations indicate a possibly facile heterolytic cleavage of H2 at the activated and thus sufficiently Lewis acidic carbonyl carbon atom with the assistance of the Lewis basic solvent (i.e., 1,4‐dioxane or THF). For the solvent‐assisted H2 splitting at the carbonyl carbon atom of (C6F5)3B adducts with different ketones, a number of TSs are computed and the obtained results are related to insights from experiment. By using the Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with the DFT for electronic structure calculations, the evolution of the (C6F5)3B–alkoxide ionic intermediate and the proton transfer to the alkoxide oxygen atom were investigated. The results indicate a plausible hydrogenation mechanism with a LA, that is, (C6F5)3B, as a catalyst, namely, 1) the step of H2 cleavage that involves a Lewis basic solvent molecule plus the carbonyl carbon atom of thermodynamically stable and experimentally identifiable (C6F5)3B–ketone adducts in which (C6F5)3B is the “Lewis acid promoter”, 2) the transfer of the solvent‐bound proton to the oxygen atom of the (C6F5)3B–alkoxide intermediate giving the (C6F5)3B–alcohol adduct, and 3) the SN2‐style displacement of the alcohol by a ketone or a Lewis basic solvent molecule.
Facile Preparation of a Stable Fe3O4@LDH@NiB Magnetic Core‐Shell Nanocomposite for Hydrogenation
Authors: Gao Xuejia , Niu Libo , Qiao Xianliang , Feng Wenhui , Cao Yingying , Bai Guoyi
Published: May 2017

A novel NiB deposited layered double hydroxide (LDH) coated ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4@LDH@NiB) magnetic core‐shell nanocomposite was successfully fabricated by the combination of coprecipitation and impregnation‐reduction. During the Fe3O4@LDH preparation, a facile template‐free approach was employed to introduce the LDH shell, which was more efficient than the conventional method for the preparation of mesoporous materials that always needs to introduce and remove templates. The resulted Fe3O4@LDH has a relatively high surface area and abundant surface hydroxyl group, which can adsorb metal ions, making it favorable to disperse and stabilize the active Ni species, as demonstraed by TEM, XPS, FT‐IR and BET characterizations. Therefore, it exhibited good activity in the selective hydrogenation of cinnamic acid to hydrocinnamic acid with the conversion and selectivity both approaching to 100%. Notably, the obtained Fe3O4@LDH@NiB can be easily separated by an external magnetic field and recycled eleven times without appreciable loss of its initial catalytic activity.
Semi‐asynchronous approximate parallel DEVS simulation of web search engines
Authors: Inostrosa‐Psijas Alonso , Gil‐Costa Veronica , Marin Mauricio ,  Wainer Gabriel
Published: May 2017

Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) is a formalism for the modeling and analysis of discrete event systems. Parallel DEVS (PDEVS) is an extension of DEVS for supporting Parallel and Discrete Event Simulation, which is a powerful tool for evaluating the performance of large scale systems. In this work, we propose an optimistic approximate and semi‐asynchronous parallel strategy. The level of optimism is efficiently managed throughout the simulation execution, and it is automatically adjusted based on the simulation evolution. Load balance and model partitioning is automatically made by means of an algorithm that takes advantage of the communication pattern of the simulated model. Our proposal is designed for Web search engines, which are complex and highly optimized systems devised to operate on large clusters of processors and dealing with dynamic and unpredictable user query bursts. The results show that our proposal is able to reduce both execution times and memory usage of standard optimistic simulations of Web search engine models, at the expense of small errors.
Microwave‐absorbing properties of strontium ferrites prepared via sol‐gel method
Authors: Xing Liu , Shun‐kang Pan , Xing Zhong , Li‐chun Cheng
Published: May 2017

Strontium ferrites were prepared by sol‐gel method, the phase structure, morphology, and microwave absorbing properties of the samples were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vector network analyzer (VNA). The results show that with increasing sintering temperature, the wave‐absorption peak frequency moves towards low‐frequency direction and the reflection loss value decreases first, and then increases. At the same sintering temperature (1200 °C) and different holding time (2h, 4h, 6h, 8h), the ferrites have the same Z‐type phase structure. With increasing holding time, the absorption peak frequency of the ferrites shift towards low‐frequency region, and the minimum reflectivity value decreases first and increases afterwards, and the ferrite holding at 1200 °C for 4 h has the best microwave‐absorbing property.
A QA Program for MRD Testing Demonstrates That Systematic Education Can Reduce Discordance Among Experienced Interpreters
Authors: Keeney Michael , Wood Brent L. , Hedley Benjamin D. , DiGiuseppe Joseph A. , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Paietta Elisabeth , Lozanski Gerard , Seegmiller Adam C. , Greig Bruce W. , Shaver Aaron C. , Mukundan Lata , Higley Howard R. , Sigman Caroline C. , Kelloff Gary , Jessup J. Milburn , Borowitz Michael J.
Published: May 2017

Background

Minimal residual disease (MRD) in B lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) by flow cytometry is an established prognostic factor used to adjust treatment in most pediatric therapeutic protocols. MRD in B‐ALL has been standardized by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) in North America, but not routine clinical labs. The Foundation for National Institutes of Health sought to harmonize MRD measurement among COG, oncology groups, academic, community and government, laboratories.

Methods

Listmode data from post‐induction marrows were distributed from a reference lab to seven different clinical FCM labs with variable experience in B‐ALL MRD. Labs were provided with the COG protocol. Files from 15 cases were distributed to the seven labs. Educational sessions were implemented, and 10 more listmode file cases analyzed.

Results

Among 105 initial challenges, the overall discordance rate was 26%. In the final round, performance improved considerably; out of 70 challenges, there were five false positives and one false negative (9% discordance), and no quantitative discordance. Four of six deviations occurred in a single lab. Three samples with hematogones were still misclassified as MRD.

Conclusions

Despite the provision of the COG standardized analysis protocol, even experienced laboratories require an educational component for B‐ALL MRD analysis by FCM. Recognition of hematogones remains challenging for some labs when using the COG protocol. The results from this study suggest that dissemination of MRD testing to other North American laboratories as part of routine clinical management of B‐ALL is possible but requires additional educational components to complement standardized methodology. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Tissue growth pressure drives early blood flow in the chicken yolk sac
Authors: Clément Raphaël , Mauroy Benjamin , Cornelissen Annemiek J.M.
Published: May 2017

Background: Understanding how molecular and physical cues orchestrate vascular morphogenesis is a challenge for developmental biology. Only little attention has been paid to the impact of mechanical stress caused by tissue growth on early blood distribution. Here we study the peripheral accumulation of blood in the chicken embryonic yolk sac, which precedes sinus vein formation. Results: We report that blood accumulation starts before heart‐induced blood circulation. We hypothesized that the driving force for the primitive blood flow is a growth‐induced gradient of tissue pressure in the yolk sac mesoderm. Therefore, we studied embryos in which heart development was arrested after 2 days of incubation, and found that yolk sac growth and blood peripheral accumulation still occurred. This suggests that tissue growth is sufficient to initiate the flow and the formation of the sinus vein, whereas heart contractions are not required. We designed a simple mathematical model which makes explicit the growth‐induced pressure gradient and the subsequent blood accumulation, and show that growth can indeed account for the observed blood accumulation. Conclusions: This study shows that tissue growth pressure can drive early blood flow, and suggests that the mechanical environment, beyond hemodynamics, can contribute to vascular morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 246:573–584, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cadherin interplay during neural crest segregation from the non‐neural ectoderm and neural tube in the early chick embryo
Authors: Dady Alwyn , Duband Jean‐Loup
Published: May 2017

Background: In the avian embryo, neural crest (NC) progenitors arise in the neuroectoderm during gastrulation, long before their dissemination. Although the gene regulatory network involved in NC specification has been deciphered, the mechanisms involved in their segregation from the other neuroectoderm‐derived progenitors, notably the epidermis and neural tube, are unknown. Because cadherins mediate cell recognition and sorting, we scrutinized their expression profiles during NC specification and delamination. Results: We found that the NC territory is defined precociously by the robust expression of Cadherin‐6B in cells initially scattered among other cells uniformly expressing E‐cadherin, and that NC progenitors are progressively sorted and regrouped into a discrete domain between the prospective epidermis and neural tube. At completion of NC specification, the epidermis, NC, and neural tube are fully segregated in contiguous compartments characterized by distinct cadherin repertoires. We also found that Cadherin‐6B down‐regulation constitutes a major event during NC delamination and that, with the exception of the caudal part of the embryo, N‐cadherin is unlikely to control NC emigration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that partition of the neuroectoderm is mediated by cadherin interplays and ascribes a key role to Cadherin‐6B in the specification and delamination of the NC population. Developmental Dynamics 246:550–565, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sulfur Tolerant LSCM‐based Composite Cathode for High Temperature Electrolysis/Co‐electrolysis of H2O and CO2
Authors: Lim C. K. , Liu Q. , Zhou J. , Sun Q. , Chan S. H.
Published: May 2017

The cathode performance of various LSCM‐based composites for high temperature H2O electrolysis has been studied by examining their electrochemical behavior under current loading using three‐electrode electrolysis cells with Pt as counter and reference electrodes. Experimental results among pure LSCM, LSCM–GDC, LSCM–YSZ and LSCM–(GDC–YSZ) have shown that LSCM‐GDC exhibits the highest H2O electrolysis performance. The ratio between LSCM and GDC is further optimized and it is shown that the LSCM‐GDC with 50–50 wt.% for each component exhibits the highest performance. Benchmarking with a 60–40 wt.% Ni‐YSZ cathode have shown that the optimized LSCM–GDC cathode exhibits better performance for H2O electrolysis with a lower area specific resistance. Under a cathodic current of –0.1 A cm−2, the optimized LSCM–GDC cathode shows much slower degradation, about 10 times slower as compared to the Ni‐YSZ cathode when exposed to 10 ppm of SO2 for up to 72 h. All the above electrochemical tests have been conducted at 800 °C and 70/30 pH2O/pH2. Without the use of reducing agent, the optimized LSCM–GDC cathode also shows promising performance for co‐electrolysis of H2O and CO2 at high current densities and stable performance with 5 ppm of SO2 in the feedstock gas.
Evolution of a Pyrenean molassic basin in the Western Mediterranean area: The Eocene–Oligocene Cixerri Formation in Southern Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Costamagna Luca G. , Schäfer Andreas
Published: May 2017

The sedimentary features of the Cixerri Formation (Eocene–Oligocene) and its evolution in space and time are described through mapping, investigation of all the significant outcrops, and also by analysing the depositional architecture of well‐exposed and laterally extensive outcrops. The Cixerri Formation marks the middle Eocene Pyrenean unconformity and blankets a former structural ridge‐and‐swale morphology. This started by covering the flanks of the ridges with small alluvial fans and ultimately filled the swales with fluvial deposits in braided to meandering stream environments. In this latter sedimentation phase, the depositional environment of the formation evolved both upwards, and from west to east, to gradually lower energy environments, suggesting a transgressive‐type evolution. The Eocene–Oligocene Cixerri Formation was deposited by a fluvial network with a regular flow regime under a humid–warm climate: This network was formed by a main W‐E‐directed trunk and a NW‐SE‐directed minor branch that ultimately joined together. The Cixerri Formation, which was fed by the erosion of a sector of the Pyrenean Chain, passes upwards to coarser deposits that indicate the transition from a quiet tectonic environment to an active transtensional tectonic phase (Apennine phase). A comparison with similar coeval formations in Northern Sardinia, Corsica, and the Western Mediterranean area (Balearic Islands, France) is attempted, before the significance of the formation in the Pyrenean orogeny is then discussed.
Incomplete cavernous sinus syndrome as the initial manifestation of a previously undetected metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Machío Castelló María , Escobar Montatixe Diego , Cenjor Español Carlos , Villacampa Aubá José Miguel , Montoya Bordón Julia , Carias Calix Rafael , Sáez Pinel Rafael
Published: May 2017

Background

Cavernous sinus syndrome presents as unilateral ophthalmoplegia associated with sympathetic denervation, pain, paresthesias, and V1 and V2 distribution numbness. The etiology may be vascular, inflammatory, infectious, and, less commonly, neoplastic (metastatic).

Methods

We report a patient with incomplete cavernous sinus syndrome as the initial manifestation of previously undetected metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma.

Results

A 59‐year‐old man presented with a 2‐month history of left hemicranial headaches with ptosis and binocular diplopia. Clinical evaluation found left third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsy with mydriasis and ptosis. An MRI showed an enhancing lesion at the clivus with infiltration of left cavernous sinus. A trans‐sphenoidal biopsy was performed, leading to diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent treatment and achieved clinical improvement.

Conclusions

In middle‐aged men, it is important to include metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma in the differential diagnosis of cavernous sinus syndrome, even in the absence of primary tumor diagnosis.
Validation of fullPIERS model for prediction of adverse outcomes among women with severe pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Almeida Silvana T. , Katz Leila , Coutinho Isabela , Amorim Melania M.R.
Published: May 2017

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of the Pre‐eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk (fullPIERS) model for the prediction of complications among patients with severe pre‐eclampsia in northeastern Brazil.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted of data for all patients with severe pre‐eclampsia admitted to a center in Recife in 2014. The fullPIERS model was applied to calculate the predicted probability of complications. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine the accuracy of the model, and the area under the curve was calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Among 325 included women, 55 (16.9%) had one or more complication before discharge. The area under the curve was 0.72 (P<0.001), determining a cutoff point for fullPIERS probability of 1.7%. Sensitivity was 60.0% and specificity was 65.1%; the positive likelihood ratio was 1.72 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.61. In multivariate analysis, the only variable that remained significantly associated with complications was a fullPIERS probability of more than 1.7% (odds ratio 5.87, 95% confidence interval 3.16–10.89; P<0.001).

Conclusion

The fullPIERS model is a useful tool for predicting complications in women with severe pre‐eclampsia, with the cutoff point of 1.7%.
Primary chylous vaginal discharge demonstrated with noncontrast magnetic resonance lymphography
Authors: Soumah Mariam , El Mouhadi Sanaâ , Becker Corinne , Arrivé Lionel
Published: May 2017

Noncontrast magnetic resonance lymphography—a noninvasive imaging procedure—demonstrated the mechanism of primary chylous vaginal discharge.
Two‐tourniquet sequential blocking as a simple intervention for hemorrhage during cesarean delivery for placenta previa accreta
Authors: Meng Jin‐Lai , Gong Wei‐Yan , Wang Shan , Ni Xiao‐Jing , Zuo Chang‐Ting , Gu Yong‐Zhong
Published: May 2017

A two‐tourniquet sequential blocking technique as a simple intervention for hemorrhage during cesarean delivery for placenta previa accreta is described.
Doddering but dear … even in the eyes of young children? Age stereotyping and prejudice in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Vauclair Christin‐Melanie , Borges Rodrigues Ricardo , Marques Sibila , Esteves Carla Sofia , Cunha Filipa , Gerardo Filomena
Published: May 2017

This study aims to explore age prejudice, and to examine age stereotyping in children and adolescents by adopting the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) as a theoretical framework. It was hypothesised that children are socialised into adopting an ambivalent representation of old age (socialisation hypothesis) and that this cognitive bias becomes weaker in adolescence due to greater cognitive maturity (developmental hypothesis). By analysing representative data from Portugal (European Social Survey; N = 2367), it was ascertained that the ambivalent age stereotype (higher evaluations of warmth than competence for older people) is indeed a shared social representation of older people in Portuguese society. A total of 103 Portuguese children (6–10 year olds) and adolescents (11–15 year olds) were then sampled from a local school and responded to age‐appropriate measures assessing age prejudice as well as age stereotypes. Contrary to previous studies, the findings do not provide evidence for the existence of age prejudice because both children and adolescents reported positive feelings towards older people. However, the socialisation hypothesis was corroborated by showing that the ambivalent old age stereotype was already present in childhood. Contrary to the stipulated developmental hypothesis, the magnitude of this cognitive bias was very similar in adolescence.
The Potential Value of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway for Assessing Prognosis in Cervical Cancer and as a Target for Therapy
Authors: Bahrami Afsane , Hasanzadeh Malihe , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , ShahidSales Soodabeh , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir
Published: May 2017

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological cancer and a leading cause of cancer‐related death in women globally. There is a need for the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarker for risk stratification. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is often dysregulated in cervical cancer, indicating that it may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of this malignancy, and could perhaps be used as a novel biomarker in the assessment of risk of developing cervical cancer. We aimed to provide an overview of the potential applications of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as biomarker for risk stratification, in predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer, and for developing new therapeutic approaches in patients with cervical cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4163–4169, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Synthesis of 2,11‐Diamino‐4,9‐diphenyl‐4,9‐dihydrobenzo [f] pyrano[3,2‐h]chromene‐3,10‐dicarbonitrile Derivatives using Triethanolammonium Acetate as a Green Ionic Liquid
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Bashirian Ehsan , Ranjbaran Azam , Khazaei Marzieh , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2017

Triethanolammonium acetate [TEA][HOAc] was used as a green ionic liquid and successfully utilized for the multi‐component synthesis of 2,11‐diamino‐4,9‐diphenyl‐4,9‐dihydrobenzo[f]pyrano[3,2‐h]chromene‐3,10‐dicarbonitrile derivatives as new compounds by the reaction of 2,3‐naphthalenediol with malononitrile and various aldehydes. Mild reaction conditions and high yields are some of the advantages of this method. These compounds were identified by IR, NMR spectroscopy and mass analysis.
E2F1 interactive with BRCA1 pathway induces HCC two different small molecule metabolism or cell cycle regulation via mitochondrion or CD4+T to cytosol
Authors: Chen Qingchun , Wang Lin , Jiang Minghu , Huang Juxiang , Jiang Zhenfu , Feng Haitao , Ji Zhili
Published: May 2017

Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) are related to metabolism and cell cycle regulation. However, the corresponding mechanism is not clear in HCC. High BRCA1 direct pathway was constructed with 11 molecules from E2F1 feedback‐interactive network in HCC by GRNInfer based on 39 Pearson mutual positive corelation CC ≥0.25 molecules with E2F1. Integration of GRNInfer with GO, KEGG, BioCarta, GNF_U133A, UNIGENE_EST, Disease, GenMAPP databases by DAVID and MAS 3.0, E2F1 feedback‐interactive BRCA1 indirect mitochondrion to cytosol pathway was identified as upstream LAPTM4B activation, feedback UNG, downstream BCAT1‐HIST1H2AD‐TK1 reflecting protein, and DNA binding with enrichment of small molecule metabolism; The corresponding BRCA1 indirect membrane to cytosol pathway as upstream CCNB2‐NUSAP1 activation, feedback TTK‐HIST1H2BJ‐CENPF, downstream MCM4‐TK1 reflecting ATP, and microtubule binding with enrichment of CD4+T‐related cell cycle regulation in HCC. Therefore, we propose that E2F1 interactive with BRCA1 pathway induces HCC two different small molecule metabolism or cell cycle regulation via mitochondrion or CD4+T to cytosol. Knowledge analysis demonstrates our E2F1 feedback‐interactive BRCA1 pathway wide disease distribution and reflects a novel common one of tumor and cancer.
Salting‐out extraction of sinomenine from Sinomenium acutum by an alcohol/salt aqueous two‐phase system using ionic liquids as additives
Authors: Li Fenfang , Li Qiao , Wu Shuanggen , Sun Danyu , Tan Zhijian
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

The aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) based on organic solvent and inorganic salt was considered a promising method in the extraction, enrichment, and purification field. Ionic liquids (ILs) used as additives to the aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) can improve the extraction yield.

RESULTS

In this study, seven ILs were added to the ethanol/ammonium sulfate ATPS and used for the salting‐out extraction (SOE) of sinomenine from Sinomenium acutum. The IL [C2OHmim]FeCl4 was screened as the optimal additive, then the influencing factors IL amount, ethanol concentration, salt concentration, and temperature were investigated. The maximum extraction efficiency of 96.4% was obtained under the following conditions: 23.06 wt% ethanol concentration, 27.28 wt% (NH4)2SO4 concentration, 4.0 wt% [C2OHmim]FeCl4 and 40°C temperature. Moreover, the components in the SOE system can be recycled after extraction.

CONCLUSION

Thus, this ATPS had lower cost and higher extraction ability, and it is feasible to scale up using a small amount of ILs. This system can also be used in the extraction of some other important active compounds from natural plant resources. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructural preservation of tissues and their reaction to the infection with trichinella in the El Plomo mummy: Muscle fiber ultrastructure and trichinosis/mummy of the Cerro El Plomo
Authors: Héctor Rodríguez , Omar Espinoza‐Navarro , González Mercedes , Mario Castro
Published: May 2017

The El Plomo mummy was a pre‐Columbian Incan child who was found mummified in the Andes Mountains above an altitude of 17,700 feet. In the environment, natural mummification occurred due to low temperatures and strong winds. Dating measurements (relative dating) by experts from the National Museum of Natural History of Chile established that the mummified body corresponds the Inca period (1,450 to 1,500 AD). In 2003, the body was transferred to the University of Chile Medical School for exhaustive medical examination. Tissue samples from the right quadriceps muscle were extracted and fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide to obtain ultrathin sections to be observed by transmission electron microscope. Images were recorded on photographic paper, digitalized and analyzed by experts on morphology. Results showed a preservation of cell boundaries in striated muscle cells, but specific subcellular organelles or contractile sarcomeric units (actin and myosin) were unable to be recognized. However, the classical ultrastructural morphology of the polypeptide collagen type I was preserved intact both in primary and secondary organization. Therefore, we concluded that the process of natural mummification by freezing and strong winds is capable of damaging the ultrastructure of muscle cells and preserving collagen type I intact.
Mobilization of glucose‐6‐phosphate from ferrihydrite by ligand‐promoted dissolution is higher than of orthophosphate
Authors: Goebel Marc-Oliver , Adams Friederike , Boy Jens , Guggenberger Georg , Mikutta Robert
Published: May 2017

We investigated glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) release from ferrihydrite by ligand‐promoted dissolution by oxalate, ascorbate, and desferrioxamine‐B in comparison to orthophosphate (OP). Overall, P release was poorly related to Fe dissolution. Initial release of G6P was higher as compared to OP, likely due to its preferential adsorption at outer surface sites caused by pore size effects. Our data suggest that G6P is potentially more bioavailable (i.e., mobilizable) than OP.
Kocher maneuver to facilitate cytoreduction within the foramen of Winslow
Authors: Han Sung‐Sik , Sugarbaker Paul H.
Published: May 2017

A potential site for incomplete cytoreduction in patients with peritoneal metastases is the foramen of Winslow, especially the posterior aspect of the hepatoduodenal ligament. The Kocher maneuver can be used to rotate the duodenum, head of pancreas, and portal structures 180°. In so doing, the foramen of Winslow is clearly exposed for peritonectomy. Residual tumor at this site is a prominent cause of unnecessary treatment failure in the management of patients with mucinous appendiceal neoplasms.
1H NMR study of the phase behavior of aqueous eutectic solutions using the inverse Laplace transform analysis of T2 relaxation
Authors: Baughman Jessi A. , Joseph Ray G. , Christina Szabo M. , Werling Jane O. , Rinaldi Peter L.
Published: May 2017

High‐field 1H NMR T2 relaxation studies were used to characterize the changes in the physical phases of water, NaCl, and dextrose solutions over a temperature range of −65 to 15 °C. The data were analyzed with the inverse Laplace transform and with a linear fit to the logarithm of the time domain signal. Two liquid phases were detected for the NaCl and dextrose solutions at lower temperatures and assigned to low and high concentrated solution domains. The high concentrated solution domain was found to be present between −30 and −5 °C in the NaCl solution and between −55 and −5 °C in the dextrose solution. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating selenoprotein P levels in relation to MRI‐derived body fat volumes, liver fat content, and metabolic disorders
Authors: di Giuseppe Romina , Koch Manja , Schlesinger Sabrina , Borggrefe Jan , Both Marcus , Müller Hans‐Peter , Kassubek Jan , Jacobs Gunnar , Nöthlings Ute , Lieb Wolfgang
Published: May 2017

Objective

Association studies of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) with cardiometabolic traits in humans are relatively scarce and, in part, conflicting. A general population sample from Northern Germany was evaluated for cross‐sectional associations of circulating SELENOP concentrations with metabolic syndrome (MetS), total volumes of MRI‐determined visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal adipose tissue, liver signal intensity, and fatty liver disease (FLD).

Methods

Nine hundred and five participants received comprehensive clinical and molecular phenotyping along with measurement of serum SELENOP; 584 individuals received MRI.

Results

Multivariable‐adjusted restricted cubic regression splines displayed statistically significant inverse relations of SELENOP levels with MetS, VAT, and SAT (P < 0.0001 for all). Compared with the second quartile of SELENOP distribution, the MetS odds ratios for the first, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐2.43), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.57‐1.26), and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.27‐0.62), respectively. Furthermore, participants in the second, third, and fourth SELENOP quartiles had significantly lower VAT and SAT volumes as compared to those in the first biomarker quartile. A J‐shaped relation was observed for SELENOP levels and liver signal intensity/FLD (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

The findings suggest inverse associations of circulating SELENOP concentrations with several metabolic traits, to be further investigated in longitudinal studies.