bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organophosphorus Compounds, Part 146* Imidovanadium(V) Complexes as Reaction Partners for Kinetically Stabilized Phosphaalkynes. Synthesis and Reactivity of 3-Aza-l,2,4,6-tetraphospha-quadricyclanes
Authors: Peters Christoph , Tabellion Frank , Nachbauer Anja , Fischbeck Uwe , Preuss Fritz , Regitz Manfred
Published: February 2015

The Lewis base adducts of imidovanadium(V) compounds 5a,b undergo chemoselective cyclooligomerization reactions with the kinetically stabilized phosphaalkynes 4a-e to furnish the azatetraphosphaquadricyclanes 6a-f with incorporation of the imido fragment. The reactivity of this novel class of heteropolycyclic compounds has been examined exemplarily for compound 6a. Complexation of one and two phosphorus atoms was achieved by reaction with nonacarbonyldiiron or the tungsten pentacarbonyl-THF complex resulting in the formation of the transition metal compounds 17-20. Reactions of 6a with the sulfonyl azides 21ac furnished the Staudinger products 22a-c. The reaction of 6a with two equivalents of tosyl azide gave a surprising result. No double complexation leading to a symmetrical product was achieved, and compound 23 was obtained instead in which the two phosphorus atoms of one diphosphirane ring are functionalized. Oxidative cleavage of a P/P bond in 6a to furnish product 24 is observed in the reaction of 6a with the Lewis base-free imidovanadium(V) species 15a.
Pyrazino-methyl-ethylenedithio- tetrathiafulvalene, Precursor o τ-Phase Conductors
Authors: Papavassiliou G. C. , Terzis A. , Raptopoulou C. P.
Published: February 2015

Modifications of the previously reported meth­ods of preparation of racemic pyrazino-methyl-ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene, i.e., 2-(5,6-dihy-dro-5-methyl-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-b]pyrazine, and their cat­ ion radical salts with linear counter anions are re­ ported. ESR spectra and preliminary X-ray dif­ fraction measurements indicate that the salts crystallize in the τ-phase (tetragonal system).
Enantioselective Catalysis, 139 [1]. A Chiral Cyclic Amidine Containing a Pyridine Substituent - Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, Catalysis
Authors: Brunner Henri , Maier Reinhard J. , Zabel M.
Published: February 2015

Reaction of the 1,3-diamine 1 with the methylester of /V,/V-dimethyl-L-phenylalanine 2 afforded the chiral cylic amidine 4 with a pyridine substituent. The CuCl2 complex of the hydrochloride of ligand 4 has the structure of a trigonal bipyramide. In the Cu-catalyzed cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate the new multi-nitrogen ligand gave optical inductions up to 15% ee.
Crystal Structure and Tautomerism of 1-[N-(4-Iodophenyl)]aminomethylidene-2(1H)naphthalenone
Authors: Ünver H. , Kabak M. , Zengin D. M. , Durlu T. N.
Published: February 2015

1-[N-(4-Iodophenyl)]aminomethylidene-2(1H)naphthalenone (1) (C17H12NOI) has been studied by X-ray analysis, IR, 1H NMR, UV and AM1 semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods. It crystallises in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 4.844(3), b = 21.428(2), c = 13.726(2) Å, ß = 93.07(2)° (R1 =0.032 for 4132 reflections [I > 2σ(I)]). The title compound is not planar and an intramolecular hydrogen bond connects O1 and N1 [2.530(4) Å]. Complementary IR, 1H NMR and UV measurements out. Tautomerism and conformations of the title semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations and the results are compared with the X-ray data.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von 2-Cyanimino-l,3-dimethylimidazolin [1] / Synthesis and Properties of 2-Cyanimino-l,3-dimethylimidazoline [1]
Authors: Kuhn Norbert , Grathwohl Martin , Steimann Manfred , Boese Roland , Nalam N. L. Madhavi
Published: February 2015

2-Cyanimino-1,3-dimethylimidazoline (3, ImNCN) is obtained from 1,3-dimethyl-2-iminoimidazoline (2) and BrCN. With Mo(CO)6, 3 forms the carbonyl complex (ImNCN)Mo(CO)5 (4). The crystal structure of 3 is reported. The properties of 3 are discussed on comparison with those of (R2N)2C=NCN (1, R = H).
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (dmaaH)2(dmaH)2[P12Sn12N12(NH)2] · 4 dmaa, dmaa = N,N-Dimethylacetamide, dma = Dimethylamine, an Anhydrous Example of the P12N14Cage
Authors: Roth Stephan , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

The title compound (dmaaH)2(dmaH)2[P12S12N12(NH)2] · 4 dmaa (1) was obtained by crys­tallization from a saturated solution of anhydrous P12S12N8(NH)6 in N,N-dimethylacetamide (dmaa) as large single crystals. According to the X-ray structure determination (P21/n, a = 1421.8(1), b = 1556.5(2), c = 1645.8(1) pm, ß = 112.207(6)°, Z = 2, 6388 observed reflections, R1 = 0.046, wR2 = 0.111) the anionic cage is built up from twelve P3N3 rings in boat confor­ mation. N,N-dimethylammonium ions (dmaH+) are directly connected to the cage, and pairs of N,N-dimethylacetamidonium ions (dmaaH+) and N,N-dimethylacetamide molecules (dmaa) are interconnected by hydrogen-bonds.
Investigation of the Thionation Reaction of Cyclic Imides
Authors: Orzeszko A. , Maurin J. K. , Melon-Ksyta D.
Published: February 2015

A series of monothioimides and dithioimides were synthesised using Lawesson’s reagent. It has been found that two main effects affect thionation reaction. The high polarity of carbonyl groups leads to good yields of mono- and dithioimides. On the other hand, steric hindrance in the vicinity of the carbonyl group strongly inhibits the replacement of the oxygen atom by sulfur.
Polysulfonylamine, CXLIII [1], Rolle schwacher Wasserstoffbrücken (C - H···O) in den Kristallstrukturen von 2,6-Dimethylpyridinium-, 1-Hydroxypyridinium- und Imidazolium-dimesylamid / Polysulfonylamines, CXLIII [1], Role of Weak Hydrogen Bonds (C - H···O) in the Crystal Structures of 2,6-Dimethylpyridinium , 1-Hydroxypyridinium and Imidazolium Dimesylamide
Authors: Moers Oliver , Wijaya Karna , Hamann Thomas , Blaschette Armand , Jones Peter G.
Published: February 2015

In order to study hydrogen bonding networks in ionic crystals, low-temperature X-ray structures were determined for three onium salts of general formula BH+(MeSO2)2N- , where BH+ is 2,6-dimethylpyridinium (1; monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z′ = 1), 1-hydroxypyridinium (2; triclinic, P1̅, Z′ = 1), or imidazolium (3; monoclinic, Cc, Z′ = 1). The asymmetric units consist of cation-anion pairs assembled in 1 and 3 by ordinary N+ - H···N hydrogen bonds, in 2 by a very short N+ - O - H···N- bond belonging to the class (+/-)CAHB [H···O 148(3), O···N 253.5(2) pm, O - H···N 175(3)°]. The second N -H donor of the imidazolium ion is involved in a nearly symmetric N - H (···O)2 three-centre bond to two different anions. In the pyridine derivatives, the (MeSO2 )2N- ions are associated via short C(sp3) - H···O contacts to form a three-dimensional framework of corrugated and cross-linked layers (1) or an assembly of discrete corrugated layers (2). As a common feature, these anion substructures are pervaded by hexagonal channels parallel to x, each one accommodating two stacks of cations that are linked to the channel walls by the unique strong hydrogen bond and a set of short Car - H···O contacts; moreover, cations drawn from adjacent stacks in structure 2 create inversion-symmetric dimers based upon a short Car - H···O(H) - N interaction. In contrast, the structure of 3 displays planar anion layers assembled by short C(sp3 ) - H···O contacts, intercalating the cations with their ring planes perpendicular to the layer planes and binding them by means of the strong hydrogen bonds and three Car -H···O interactions. All C - H···O taken into consideration have normalized parameters d( H···O) ≤ 267 pm and θ(C - H···O) ≥ 121°.
Remangilone D, a New Bisnoroleanane Triterpene, and a New Flavone from Physena madagascariensis [1]
Authors: Deng Yonghong , Tianasoa-Ramamonjy Manoelson , Snyder John K.
Published: February 2015

A new dinoroleanane triterpene, remangilone D (4), and a new flavone 6 , have been isolated from the leaves of Physena madagascariensis (Physenaceae).
[Co(NH3)6]C1C03 - ein Hexaammincobalt(III)-Komplex mit einer ‘idealen’ Carbonat-Gruppe / [Co(NH3)6]C1C03 - a Hexaamminecobalt(III) Complex with an ‘Ideal’ Carbonate Group
Authors: Dahm Matthias , Adam Arnold
Published: February 2015

[Co(NH3)6]ClCO3 crystallizes in the cubic space group P21 3(No. 198)witha = 1000,5(2)pm, VEZ = 1001,4(3) · 106 pm3, Z = 4. Structural features are discrete [Co(NH3)6]3+, CO3
2- and Cl- ions, connected by N-H···O and N-H···Cl bonds. The site symmetry of the carbonate group is C3, but vibrational spectroscopy shows that the CO3
2- group is planar with local symmetry D3h.
Preparation, Properties, and Crystal Structure of Quaternary Silicide Carbides RCr2Si2C (R = Y, La - Nd, Sm, Gd - Ho)
Authors: Pohlkamp Marc W. , Jeitschko Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

The title compounds were prepared by arc-melting cold-pressed pellets of the elemental components. They crystallize with a tetragonal structure already reported for CeCr2Si2C. It was refined from single-crystal X-ray data of PrCr2S2C: P4/mmm, a - 402.2( 1) pm, c = 535.2(1) pm, Z = 1, R = 0.012 for 252 structure factors and 10 variable parameters. Magnetic susceptibility measurements with a SQUID magnetometer indicate Pauli paramagnetism for YCr2Si2C, while CeC2Si2C shows mixed valent behavior. The carbon atoms in the structure of these compounds are isolated from each other. The silicon atoms form pairs with a Si-Si distance of 245.3 pm, somewhat greater than the single-bond distance of 235.2 pm in elemental silicon. Together with the chromium atoms, the silicon pairs and carbon atoms form a three-dimensionally infinite polyanion, which has some similarity with the polyanions found in several related tetragonal structures, e.g., the structures of ThCr2Si2 and LuNi2B2C.
Orthoamides, LVI [1]. A New Method of Wide Scope for the Preparation of Aryl Formates
Authors: Ziegler Georg , Kantlehner Willi
Published: February 2015

Aryl formates 4a-u, 6 , 8 , 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 are prepared by formylation of hydroxyarenes 3a-u, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 with N,N-diformylacetamide (1) or triformamide (2), respectively, in fairly good yields. The reactions can be catalyzed by sodium diformamide or praseodymium(III) triflate. The thiolformate 28 was obtained analogously from 1-thionaphthol (27).
Polysulfonylamine, CXLVII [1]. Die ersten N,N-disulfonylierten Thioharnstoffe: Synthese von (RSO2)2N-C(S)-NMe2 (R = Me, 4-Me-C6H4) und Kristallstruktur der Ditosylverbindung / Polysulfonylamines, CXLVII [1]. The First N,N-Disulfonylated Thioureas: Synthesis of (RSO2)2N-C(S)-NMe2 (R = Me, 4-Me-C6H4) and Crystal Structure of the Ditosyl Compound
Authors: Dalluhn Jörg , Pröhl Hans-Heinrich , Moers Oliver , Blaschette Armand , Jones Peter G.
Published: February 2015

The moisture-sensitive title compounds were obtained in good yields by treating the corresponding silver salts AgN(SO2R)2 with the thiocarbamoyl chloride Me2NC(S)Cl in acetonitrile. In the NMR solution spectra of the novel thioureas, as recorded at room temperature for 13C and up to 120 °C for 1H, the Me2N group invariably gives rise to two distinct resonances, reflecting unusually high barriers to rotation about the C(S)-NMe2 bond. The crystal structure of the ditosyl compound (triclinic, space group P1̅, X-ray diffraction at -130 °C) contains two independent molecules A and B, in which the bond lengths and angles are nearly identical, whereas the conformations exhibit pronounced discrepancies. The amide N and thiocarbonyl C atoms have trigonal-planar environments, but the S -N -S planes are strikingly rotated into approximately perpendicular orientations relative to the planar C2N-C(S)-N moieties. Other remarkable features of the molecular structures are the exceedingly long C(S)-NS2 bonds [mean: 145.4(3) pm] and the concomitantly short C -S and C(S)-NC2 bonds [mean values: 164.8(2), 132.6(3) pm]. The packing is governed by a three-dimensional system of weak hydrogen bonds and may be viewed as a self-clathrate, in which (B)2 dimers constructed from C-H···S=C interactions are inserted as guest species into parallel tunnels between (A)∞ tapes based upon short C-H···O=S contacts.
Einige Umsetzungen von Inhydrazinen mit Isocyanaten: [2+2]- und [4+2]Cycloadditionen, (Hydrazinoethinyl)metallierung / Some Reactions of Ynehydrazines with Isocyanates: [2+2]- and [4+2]Cycloadditions, (Hydrazinoethynyl)metallation
Authors: Himbert Gerhard , Gerulat Oliver
Published: February 2015

The (silylethynyl)- and the (tolylethinyl)-hydrazines 1a and 1b react with aryl isocyanates 2a-e and arylsulfonyl isocyanates 2f,g to form the corresponding substituted 3-arylimino-(or arylsulfonylimino-) 1,1,2-trimethyl-5-oxopyrazolidinium-4-ides 3a-h. The silyl group in the 4-position can be replaced by a hydrogen atom (formation of 6a-e). Heating of 6d in toluene induced the unequivocal transformation of the betaine to an isomer, the spectrocopic data of which are in concordance with those of the 4-quinolone derivative 7. Aroyl isocyanates 8 react in a [4+2]cycloaddition with la to furnish the 1,3-oxazin-4-ones 9a and b. The stannylated ynehydrazine 1c adds the cumulenic system of an aryl isocyanate (2d) across the Csp-Sn single bond, and trimethylstannyl .N-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-(trimethylhydrazino)propiolimidate 10 is isolated. With two molecules of 2d the hydantoin derivative 11 is formed.
Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes of N-3-Pyridinylmethanesulfonamide
Authors: Dodoff Nicolay I.
Published: February 2015

The complexes cis-[Pd(PMSA)2Cl2] cis-[Pt(PMSA)2X2], trans-[Pt(PMSA)2I2] and [Pt(PMSA)4]Cl2 (PMSA = N-3-pyridinylmethanesulfonamide; X = Cl, Br, I) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar electric conductivity, IR and 1H NMR spectra. A detailed assignment of the IR spectra (4000-150 cm-1) of the complexes, supported by an approximate normal coordinate analysis, has been performed. The complexes are of square-planar type and the PMSA ligand is coordinated via the pyridine nitrogen atom.
Interpenetrierende Clusterstränge in der Kristallstruktur von K0,77Nb6Cl15 / Interpenetrating Cluster Chains in the Structure of K0.77Nb6Cl15
Authors: Nägele Andreas , Day Cynthia , Lachgar Abdessadek , Meyer H.-Jürgen
Published: February 2015

The solid state reaction of KCl, NbCl5 and Nb powder at 760 °C yielded black crystals of KNb6Cl15. The structure of the compound has been determined using single-crystal X-ray methods. KNb6Cl15 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmma (no. 51) with lattice constants a = 1780.1(2), b = 1341.4(1), and c = 925.5(1) pm, Z = 4, and R1 = 0.039 for all 2727 observed reflections.

[(Nb6Cl12
i)Cl6/2
a-a]- anions in the structure are linked via two Cla-a bridges to form one set of linear and one set of kinked chains along the crystallographic c and a directions. Four remaining Cla-a bridges interconnect both sets of chains to a three-dimensional network. The potassium occupancy on a 4k site was refined to a value of 0.384(3) consistent with the formula K0.77Nb6Cl15-.

Ternäre Niobchloride des Formeltyps ANb6Cl15 wurden bereits verschiedentlich beschrieben. Verbindungen mit A = Li [1] und Na [2] kristallisieren kubisch (Ia3̅d) mit identischen Schweratomstrukturen. Die Alkalimetall-Ionen Li (KZ = 4) und Na (KZ = 6 ) besetzen in den Strukturen ANb6Cl15 aber unterschiedliche Splitlagen und sind dynamisch fehlgeordnet. Die Vertreter mit A = In und TI [3] kristallisieren orthorhombisch (Pmma). Ihre Kationen befinden sich in zweifach überdachten, würfelförmigen Cl-Umgebungen (KZ = 10). Die Kenntnis des Formeltyps ANb6Cl15 mit schweren Alkalimetallen ist noch unvollständig. Einkristallstrukturuntersuchungen für A = Rb, Cs ergaben Kationenfehlordnungen [4, 5].

Für die Verbindung KNb6Cl15 wurde eine Einkristallstrukturbestimmung durchgeführt (Tab. 1). Die Verbindung kristallisiert orthorhombisch in der Raumgruppe Pmma (Nr. 51) mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 1780,1(2), b = 1341,4(1) und c = 925,5(1) pm mit Z = 4 und ist isotyp zu den Inund TI-Verbindungen. Die Besetzung der K-Position (4k-Lage, mx-Punktsymmetrie) wurde zu 0,384(3) verfeinert, was der Zusammensetzung K0.77Nb6Cl15 entspricht (Tab. 2)#. Die Nb-Nb-Abstände in KNb6Cl15 liegen zwischen 291,47(6) und 296,45(7) pm, die Bindungslängen Nb-ClI betragen 243,3(1) - 247,18(9) und die Nb-Cla-Abstände 258,7(2) - 271,40(9) pm.
Ternary Rare Earth and Uranium Nickel Arsenides Ln2NiAs2 (Ln = Tb -Yb), LnNiAs (Ln = La -Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy -Yb), and UNiAs
Authors: Jeitschko Wolfgang , Terbüchte Ludger J. , Rodewald Ute Ch.
Published: February 2015

The new compounds Tm2NiAs2 and Yb2NiAs2 crystallize with a hexagonal structure similar to that reported for Zr2NiAs2. It was refined for Tm2NiAs2 from single-crystal X-ray data in the polar space group P63mc\ a = 408.4(1), c = 1374.2(3) pm, R = 0.044 for 176 structure factors and 16 variable parameters. The compounds Ln2NiAs2 (Ln = Tb -Er) are confirmed to crystallize with an analogous structure from X-ray powder data. In contrast to the earlier structure refinement of Zr2NiAs2 in the higher-symmetric space group P 63/mmc, where the honeycomb layers of nickel and arsenic atoms are described as planar, these layers are puckered in Tm2NiAs2. These compounds are expected to undergo a displacive phase transition, with the centrosymmetric space group P63/mmc to be correct at high temperature. Since the room temperature structure is polar, these compounds might be classified as ferroelectric from a symmetry point of view. The equiatomic title compounds LnNiAs and UNiAs crystallize with a related hexagonal structure corresponding to a superstructure of the AIB2 type with lattice constants varying between a = 416.2(1), c = 1636.1(4) pm for LaNiAs and a = 401.9(2), c = 1488.5(5) pm for YbNiAs. The crystal chemistry of these hexagonal structures is briefly discussed. Using oxidation numbers chemical bonding in the lanthanoid containing compounds may be rationalized with the formulas (Ln+3)2Ni(As-3)2 and Ln+3NiAs-3, thus suggesting semiconducting behavior.
Na2ZrSe3, ein neues Chalcogenometallat(IV) mit Schichtstruktur/Na2ZrSe3, a New Chalcogenometallate(IV) with a Layered Structure
Authors: Harringer Norbert A. , Kolb Andreas , Klepp Kurt O.
Published: February 2015

Orange red crystals of Na2ZrSe3 were obtained by the reaction of Na2Se, Zr and Se at 800 °C. The new compound is monoclinic, s. g. C2/m with a = 6.952(2), b = 12.01(1), c = 7.257(2) Å, ß = 108.81(2)°, Z = 4. Its crystal structure was determined from single crystal diffractometer data (Mo-Kα-radiation) and refined to a conventional R of 0.016. It is characterized by layers based on a distorted ccp packing of Se-atoms where all metal atoms occupy octahedral voids in an ordered fashion. Zr atoms are located on the nodes of a 63-net forming CrCl3 type selenozirconate layer (d(Zr-Se) = 2.702 Å).
DFT Calculations of the Structures and IR Frequencies of the Anionic Fulminate Complexes [Co(CNO)6]3-, [Ni(CNO)4]2-, [Zn(CNO)4]2-, [Pt(CNO)4]2-, [Au(CNO)2]- and [Hg(CNO)4]2-
Authors: Beck Wolfgang , Klapötke Thomas M.
Published: February 2015

The structural parameters and IR frequencies of the following anionic fulminate complexes were computed at the density functional BPW91 level of theory using a 6-31++G(2d) basis for C, N, O, Co, Ni, and Zn and quasi-relativistic ECP60MWB core potentials for Pt, Au and Hg:

[Co(CNO)6]3- (Oh), [Ni(CNO)4]2-(D4h),

[Zn(CNO)4]2- (Td), [Pt(CNO4]2-(D4h),

[Au(CNO)2]- (Dxh) and [Hg(CNO)4]2-(Td). The structures were optimised within the symmetries stated above and were found to represent true minima (number of imaginary frequencies, NIMAG = 0). The agreement between the calcu­ lated structural parameters and characteristic asymmetric and symmetric CNO stretching fre­ quencies is very good for all complexes.
Estrogen promotes luteolysis by redistributing prostaglandin F2α receptors within primate luteal cells
Authors: Kim Soon Ok , Markosyan Nune , Pepe Gerald J , Duffy Diane M
Published: February 2015

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) has been proposed as a functional luteolysin in primates. However, administration of PGF2α or prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in vivo both initiate luteolysis. These contradictory findings may reflect changes in PGF2α receptors (PTGFRs) or responsiveness to PGF2α at a critical point during the life span of the corpus luteum. The current study addressed this question using ovarian cells and tissues from female cynomolgus monkeys and luteinizing granulosa cells from healthy women undergoing follicle aspiration. PTGFRs were present in the cytoplasm of monkey granulosa cells, while PTGFRs were localized in the perinuclear region of large, granulosa-derived monkey luteal cells by mid-late luteal phase. A PTGFR agonist decreased progesterone production in luteal cells obtained at mid-late and late luteal phases, but did not decrease progesterone production by granulosa cells or luteal cells from younger corpora lutea. These findings are consistent with a role for perinuclear PTGFRs in functional luteolysis. This concept was explored using human luteinizing granulosa cells maintained in vitro as a model for luteal cell differentiation. In these cells, PTGFRs relocated from the cytoplasm to the perinuclear area in an estrogen- and estrogen receptor-dependent manner. Similar to our findings with monkey luteal cells, human luteinizing granulosa cells with perinuclear PTGFRs responded to a PTGFR agonist with decreased progesterone production. These data support the concept that PTGFR stimulation promotes functional luteolysis only when PTGFRs are located in the perinuclear region. Estrogen receptor-mediated relocation of PTGFRs within luteal cells may be a necessary step in the initiation of luteolysis in primates.
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes macaque follicle development in vitro
Authors: Lu C L , Yan J , Zhi X , Xia X , Wang T R , Yan L Y , Yu Y , Ding T , Gao J M , Li R , Qiao J
Published: February 2015

Fertility preservation is an important type of frontier scientific research in the field of reproductive health. The culture of ovarian cortices to i) initiate primordial follicle growth and ii) procure developing follicles for later oocyte maturation is a promising fertility preservation strategy, especially for older women or cancer patients. At present, this goal remains largely unsubstantiated in primates because of the difficulty in attaining relatively large follicles via ovarian cortex culture. To overcome this hurdle, we cultured macaque monkey ovarian cortices with FSH, kit ligand (KL), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and/or epidermal growth factor (EGF). The various factors and factor combinations promoted primordial follicle development to different extents. Notably, both bFF (bFGF, 100 ng/ml and FSH, 50 ng/ml) and KF (KL, 100 ng/ml and FSH, 50 ng/ml) contributed to the activation of primordial follicles at day 12 (D12) of culture, whereas at D18, the proportions of developing follicles were significantly higher in the bFF and KF groups relative to the other treatment groups, particularly in the bFF group. Estradiol and progesterone production were also highest in the bFF group, and primary follicle diameters were the largest. Up until D24, the bFF group still exhibited the highest proportion of developing follicles. In conclusion, the bFGF–FSH combination promotes nonhuman primate primordial follicle developmentin vitro, with the optimal experimental window within 18 days. These results provide evidence for the future success of human ovarian cortex culture and the eventual acquisition of mature human follicles or oocytes for fertility restoration.
Periodic Solutions for Damped Vibration Problems
Authors: Ziheng Zhang  , Hongjun Li
Published: February 2015

In this paper we are concerned with the following damped vibration problemÂ where , Â with Â and , Â is -periodic in Â such that Â is a -periodic, positive definite symmetric matrix and Â satisfies the global Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition or is subquadratic at infinity. By use of the Mountain Pass Theorem or the genus properties in the critical theory, we establish some new criteria to guarantee the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions. Recent results in the literature are generalized and significantly improved.
IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT GENES AND THEIR PRODUCTS IN THE COLLECTION OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES
Authors: Chňapek Milan , Peroutková Renata , Vivodík Martin , Gálová Zdenka
Published: February 2015

Wheat is the second most cultivated crop on the world and is very important plant for feed not only mankind but also animals. Because of this is necessary to develop new varieties with better properties. Bread making quality of wheat grain is one of the most important paramaters for quality evaluation. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of wheat storage proteins and allelic specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) are analysis suitable for identification, differentiation and characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). There were analysed 16 genotypes of new varieties of bread wheat in our work by SDS-PAGE and obtained results were verified by AS-PCR. Analysed genotypes of bread wheat genotypes were homogenous and single line with very good bread making quality. Our results confirmed hypothesis, that cultivated bread wheat genotypes are uniformed with high production and quality but there is a risk of sensitivity to environmental conditions. SDS-PAGE analyses of wheat grain proteins are fast and not very expensive technique, which provide us information of bread making quality of grains. However, there is possibility of environmental influence on protein synthesis and because of this is necessary to couple these analysis with analysis of DNA.
THE CHANGES IN ALBUMIN CONCENTRATION AFTER ACRYLAMIDE EXPOSURE IN MICE BRAIN STRUCTURES
Authors: Kopańska Marta , Zagata Patrycja , Głogowska Marta , Formicki Grzegorz
Published: February 2015

Acrylamide is a chemical compound that typically forms in starchy food products during high-temperature cooking, including frying, baking and roasting. Acrylamide is a known lethal neurotoxin. Albumin is an important molecule under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It has multiple effects, including regulation of osmotic pressure; carrier of poorly water soluble molecules, such as hormones, cholesterol, calcium, iron, bilirubin, free fatty acids, and drugs; and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of work was to estimate the content of albumins after acrylamide in the: right hemisphere, left hemisphere, cerebellum and brain stem. Although no high significant changes after each time, there occured influence of acrylamide albumins concentration. Significantly decreased content of albumins occures in oxidative stress.
THE INFLUENCE OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM IN THE LEPTIN GENE ON SERUM ENERGY METABOLISM PARAMETERS IN CATTLE
Authors: Kovarikova Lenka , Pavlik Ales , Slama Petr , Knoll Ales
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to test hypothesis that genotype TT in Czech Pied bulls, associated with higher leptinemia, will have significant effect on energy metabolism parameters in blood serum. The experiment was performed on the Czech Pied bulls in average age of 253 ± 13 days. The animals were sorted out into three groups according to the leptin genotype. The genotype TT was represented 20 animals, CT was represented 143 animals and CC was represented 127 animals. In the blood serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were analyzed. One-way ANOVA revealed significant relation between serum concentration of NEFA and SNP genotype in leptin gene of Czech Pied bulls, but we failed to verify the hypothesis that genotype TT could affect some of monitored parameters.
ESTABLISHMENT OF PHELIPANCHE RAMOSA TISSUE CULTURE AND EFFECT OF KANAMYCIN ON CULTURE GROWTH
Authors: Kullačová Dagmara , Matúšová Radoslava
Published: February 2015

Orobanchaceae family includes parasitic plants that attack many important food crops. Genus Phelipanche, belonging to this family is considered to cause high negative impact on food production. Developing Phelipanche plant must establish connection with the root of host plant, from which it receives all resources needed for further development. Nowadays big effort is directed to finding a reliable strategy to control parasitic plants. In vitro cultures of P. ramosa can be genetically manipulated and used for study of genes involved in host-parasite interactions. We established in vitro cultures of parasitic species Phelipanche ramosa on solid and liquid media in parallel. The obtained results point out that development of P. ramosa calli was origin specific. We tested the effect of antibiotic kanamycin on in vitro cultures of Phelipanche ramosa with aim to develop system for its genetic manipulation and selection of transgenic tissue using kanamycin- resistance approach. The selection pressure of kanamycin was stronger in liquid grown cultures. However, concentrations of kanamycin tested (up to 250 mg.l-1) did not ensured elimination of kanamycine non-resistant tissue. Tests of other candidate selection markers are currently in progress.
DETECTION OF LEPTIN IN MUSCLE TISSUES AND ORGANS OF PIGS
Authors: Kunová Simona , Kačániová Juraj Čuboň Miroslava , Haščík Peter , Lopašovský Ä½ubomÃ­r
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was detection of gene leptin in muscles, liver and kidneys from pigs of breed Large White. Using Real time PRC method, we determined the Ct values of leptim gene in muscle, liver, kidney. The body weight of pigs ranged from 100 kg to 103 kg. The average body weight was 101.6 kg. The thickness of backfat ranged from 10 to 20 mm, average backfat thickness was 16 mm. The minimal Ct value of leptin gene in liver was 24.05 and the maximal value was 25.79. Average Ct value of leptin gene was 24.84. The minimal Ct value of leptin gene in muscle tissue was 25.83 and the maximal value was 27.05. Average Ct value of leptin gene was 26.41. The Ct value of leptin gene in liver ranged from 24.05 to 25.79. Average Ct value of leptin gene was 24.84. Leptin gene is expressed by porcine preadipocytes and leptin gene expression is highly dependent on dexamethasone induced preadipocyte differentiation. Hormonally driven preadipocyte recruitment and subsequent fat cell size may regulate leptin gene expression in the pig.
Prevalence of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies in the United States
Authors: Romitti Paul A. , Zhu Yong , Puzhankara Soman , James Katherine A. , Nabukera Sarah K. , Zamba Gideon K.D. , Ciafaloni Emma , Cunniff Christopher , Druschel Charlotte M. , Mathews Katherine D. , Matthews Dennis J. , Meaney F. John , Andrews Jennifer G. , Conway Kristin M. Caspers , Fox Deborah J. , Street Natalie , Adams Melissa M. , Bolen Julie
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate prevalence of childhood-onset Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DBMD) in 6 sites in the United States by race/ethnicity and phenotype (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD] or Becker muscular dystrophy [BMD]).

METHODS:

In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet) to conduct longitudinal, population-based surveillance and research of DBMD in the United States. Six sites conducted active, multiple-source case finding and record abstraction to identify MD STARnet cases born January 1982 to December 2011. We used cross-sectional analyses to estimate prevalence of DBMD per 10 000 boys, ages 5 to 9 years, for 4 quinquennia (1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, and 2006–2010) and prevalence per 10 000 male individuals, ages 5 to 24 years, in 2010. Prevalence was also estimated by race/ethnicity and phenotype.

RESULTS:

Overall, 649 cases resided in an MD STARnet site during ≥1 quinquennia. Prevalence estimates per 10 000 boys, ages 5 to 9 years, were 1.93, 2.05, 2.04, and 1.51, respectively, for 1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, and 2006–2010. Prevalence tended to be higher for Hispanic individuals than non-Hispanic white or black individuals, and higher for DMD than BMD. In 2010, prevalence of DBMD was 1.38 per 10 000 male individuals, ages 5 to 24 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

We present population-based prevalence estimates for DBMD in 6 US sites. Prevalence differed by race/ethnicity, suggesting potential cultural and socioeconomic influences in the diagnosis of DBMD. Prevalence also was higher for DMD than BMD. Continued longitudinal surveillance will permit us to examine racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in treatment and outcomes for MD STARnet cases.
Institutional Protocol to Manage Consanguinity Detected by Genetic Testing in Pregnancy in a Minor
Authors: Chen Laura P. , Beck Anita E. , Tsuchiya Karen D. , Chow Penny M. , Mirzaa Ghayda M. , Wiester Rebecca T. , Feldman Kenneth W.
Published: February 2015

Single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and other types of genetic tests have the potential to detect first-degree consanguinity and uncover parental rape in cases of minor teenage pregnancy. We present 2 cases in which genetic testing identified parental rape of a minor teenager. In case 1, single-nucleotide polymorphism array in a patient with multiple developmental abnormalities demonstrated multiple long stretches of homozygosity, revealing parental rape of a teenage mother. In case 2, a vague maternal sexual assault history and diagnosis of Pompe disease by direct gene sequencing identified parental rape of a minor. Given the medical, legal, and ethical implications of such revelations, a protocol was developed at our institution to manage consanguinity identified via genetic testing.
Chemical and Crystal Characterization of the Oxide Film Formed in 304L SS Under Autoclave Conditions, With and Without Crevice Formation
Authors: Sánchez Ángeles Díaz , Ramírez Aida Contreras , Juárez Carlos Arganis
Published: February 2015

The principles of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) are supported in the behavior of the oxide film formed into a crack; in fact the active dissolution of metal atoms after a film rupture and until fill repassivation is the base of slip dissolution model which is a good model to justified the crack tip advance in stainless steels (SS) used in vessel internal components for the nuclear industry. This paper shows the analyzed made at the oxide film formed on samples of 304L SS sensitized and non sensitized, under autoclave conditions (288°C, 8MPa) with and without crevice geometric formation, using SEM, XRD and Raman Spectra.

The crevice and no crevice condition allow establish the difference of an oxide formed on a free surface (no crevice) and the oxide formed on the wall in a crack (crevice); the chemical and physical properties of oxide film can alter the mechanism and kinetics of SCC process, so the difference between these two conditions will give more information about the behavior of the oxide film.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia/Titanium Nitride Composites
Authors: Silva Paulo S. M. , Fonseca Fabio C.
Published: February 2015

Composites of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and titanium nitride (TiN) were obtained by mechanical mixing of commercial powders. High-density samples of (1-x) YSZ / x TiN, with x = 0, 25, 50, and 75 wt.%, were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1450 °C for 5 min. Surface contamination with carbon from the SPS was eliminated by diamond sawing of parallel surfaces. X-rays diffraction analyses showed that samples are composed by a mixture of the initial phases, without appreciable reaction as inferred from calculated lattice parameters. dc 4-probe electrical measurements in the 100-850°C under showed that samples have a metallic behavior, indicating that the percolation threshold was attained for the sample with the lowest content of the TiN (x=25 wt.%), which corresponds to ∼27 vol.%.
Undergraduate Material Research in a Land Grant HBCU to Sustain Local Farmers Communities
Authors: Volkis Victoria V. , Sauder Deborah G.
Published: February 2015

Land-Grant Universities including those that were developed under the second Morrill Act in 1890 have historically been a key resource for the best scientifically based information for agricultural production. The University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) is situated on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, a critical area, with small farms and underserved farmers. This unique location serves as an interface between University specialty crop research and those farmers. While prices of crops such as corn and soy, which traditionally have been a major source of income for local farmers, have increased dramatically over the past years, small farms cannot generate enough income from these commodity crops alone, and a need alternatives for extra income. At UMES agricultural, chemical and material research specialists formed a special research and training cluster in which they work jointly on non-traditional and non-food related applications of specialty crops in the field of material research leading to non-traditional applications of such crops. Examples of such research are: (i) blending natural specialty crops extracts with polymers to develop natural and effective anti-foaling coating to prevent biofilm formation on objects including military ships, platforms etc.; (ii) using biocompatible polymeric chitosan-based blends as sorbents for reversible carbon dioxide capturing and controlled release in algae-growing reactors and in the process of transforming biomass into alcohol by fermentation to increase the effectiveness of biomass use. Only about 20% of students-researchers in the cluster are graduate students and the rest are undergraduates. The main focus is to provide undergraduate students with research experience as a powerful tool for their education and career development. Focus on students performing outstanding research through their undergraduate education is the main priority in UMES. Working on the material research projects described above, our material cluster has developed some educational practices for effectively involving undergraduate students into research. These practices include early involvement, the development of special workshops and training settings for fast project starts, working in small groups lead by more experienced students, picking projects that can be easily divided into small tasks suitable to undergraduate student’s schedules, and participation in scientific conferences for undergraduates and others. In this presentation we will review two material research projects for undergraduate students mentioned above and will show how our best practices are implemented in each of these projects.
Comparative Analysis of Individual Domains of Hoc Proteins in Subfamily Teequatrovirinae Bacteriophages
Authors: Zimin A.A. , Mikoulinskaia G.V. , Nigmatullina L.F. , Nazipova N.N.
Published: February 2015

This paper presents the results of a comparative study of the immunoglobulin-like domains in the genomes of phages related to bacteriophage T4. It is proposed to use Hoc proteins for the classification of subfamily Teequatrovirinae phages. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted for Hoc protein domains from 31 bacteriophages of the subfamily . It is shown that the number of domains in proteins of various bacteriophages of the subfamily varies from one to five. According to these findings the bacteriophages can be divided into six sub-groups. The phylogenetic tree of the protein domains of T4-related bacteriophages forms three main branches. Obligatory presence of the C-terminal domain in all proteins points to its functional and structural importance for the formation of the protein and its ability to attach to the phage capsid. A hypothetical scheme is formulated of the evolutionary origin of repeated amino acid sequences in Hoc proteins.
A Case Study Examination of Structure and Function in a State Health Department Chronic Disease Unit
Authors: Alongi Jeanne
Published: February 2015

Objectives. I explored the structural and operational practices of the chronic disease prevention and control unit of a state health department and proposed a conceptual model of structure, function, and effectiveness for future study.

Methods. My exploratory case study examined 7 elements of organizational structure and practice. My interviews with staff and external stakeholders of a single chronic disease unit yielded quantitative and qualitative data that I coded by perspective, process, relationship, and activity. I analyzed these for patterns and emerging themes.

Results. Chi-square analysis revealed significant correlations among collaboration with goal ambiguity, political support, and responsiveness, and evidence-based decisions with goal ambiguity and responsiveness.

Conclusions. Although my study design did not permit conclusions about causality, my findings suggested that some elements of the model might facilitate effectiveness for chronic disease units and should be studied further. My findings might have important implications for identifying levers around which capacity can be built that may strengthen effectiveness.
Environmental Factors Associated With Social Participation of Older Adults Living in Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Areas: The NuAge Study
Authors: Levasseur Mélanie , Cohen Alan A. , Dubois Marie-France , Généreux Mélissa , Richard Lucie , Therrien France-Hélène , Payette Hélène
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We compared the social participation of older adults living in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, and identified associated environmental factors.

Methods. From 2004 to 2006, we conducted a cross-sectional study using an age-, gender-, and area-stratified random sample of 1198 adults (aged 67–82 years). We collected data via interviewer-administered questionnaires and derived from Canadian censuses.

Results. Social participation did not differ across living areas (P = .09), but after controlling for potential confounding variables, we identified associated area-specific environmental variables. In metropolitan areas, higher social participation was associated with greater proximity to neighborhood resources, having a driver’s license, transit use, and better quality social network (R2 = 0.18). In urban areas, higher social participation was associated with greater proximity to neighborhood resources and having a driver’s license (R2 = 0.11). Finally, in rural areas, higher social participation was associated with greater accessibility to key resources, having a driver’s license, children living in the neighborhood, and more years lived in the current dwelling (R2 = 0.18).

Conclusions. To enhance social participation of older adults, public health interventions need to address different environmental factors according to living areas.
Revolutionary, Evolutionary Ideas for Lowering the Cost of Gas Separation
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: February 2015

CO2 removal

Demand for a better way to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas led to the creation of a new material at Rice University in Houston that does something unprecedented on the molecular scale, and might even change gas processing.

For professor James Tour, the fundamental science behind this porous carbon material created in his laboratory “is really profound.” The black powdery material developed by a Rice graduate student, Chih-Chau Hwang, absorbs nearly its weight of carbon dioxide by creating long polymer chains of carbon dioxide at a pressure level that is elevated, but easily attained, in a gas processing facility.

For Tour, it is an exciting development because the carbon dioxide polymer structure, which was observed using spectroscopy, is something that he said has never been seen in nature, and only rarely in labs at extreme pressures. But the pioneering chemist recognizes that for those developing new oilfield technologies, what matters is what it can do, not how it might do so.

Rice’s patents have been licensed by Apache Corp., which supported research seeking a new material for gas separation for the past 2½ years. On the plus side, it appears to be energy-efficient, can hold a large volume relative to its weight, and is highly selective at grabbing carbon dioxide without also removing some natural gas as well.

The investment by the independent oil company reflects the exploration and production industry’s appetite for improved methods that are more compact, cost less to run, and occupy less space. One indication of that is the increased demand for improved membrane-based separation methods, which are far more compact and adaptable to offshore environments than liquid chemical separation methods using amines.

Cameron recently began selling a new, more efficient membrane material, called PN-1 multifiber membrane element, which was developed in partnership with Petronas, the Malaysian national oil company. Better carbon dioxide removal is a pressing concern in southeast Asia, where many large gas deposits have not been developed because of carbon dioxide levels that can equal the gas in the ground.

Production growth there, and in far-flung regions from Russia to Brazil, will require dealing with higher levels of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, which often are found together and removed using similar processes.
Searching for Solutions to Induced Seismicity
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: February 2015

Induced Seismicity

A sharp rise in seismic events in some areas of the United States where oil and gas production is booming is leading regulators and the industry to examine whether the two are related. And beyond that—what can be done to address the situation. In the first 6 months of this year in Oklahoma, for example, 268 earthquakes measuring higher than magnitude 3.0 have taken place in a state that experienced no more than three earthquakes a year of that magnitude from 1991 to 2008. The data comes from both the Oklahoma Geological Survey (OGS) and the United States Geologic Survey (USGS), the respective state and federal agencies tasked with studying the natural sciences, including earthquake hazards.

Mark Zoback, a Stanford University geophysics professor and a director of the Stanford Center for Induced and Triggered Seismicity (SCITS), said that although it has been known since the 1960s that fluid injection is capable of triggering earthquakes, the ongoing sequence of small to moderate magnitude seismic events so far inside the interior of a continental tectonic plate is unprecedented. One of the leading fault mechanics experts in the world, Zoback’s research is heavily cited by both government and industry studies on induced seismicity.

“This kind of increase in seismicity has not been seen in the modern era, so it is a very unusual phenomenon,” said Zoback, who wrote or cowrote nearly 300 technical papers. “Many of these are earthquakes that are above magnitude 3.0, which means that they are being widely felt.”

In January, the USGS issued a report titled “Man-Made Earthquakes Update.” It said the rise in seismicity in the central and eastern US that started around 2009 has coincided with the injection of waste water from oil and gas operations into deep disposal wells in several states, including Colorado, Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Ohio.