bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agromorphological Characterization of a Rubber Tree-Teak Agroforestry System in Central Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Soumahin Eric Francis , Voui Bi Bianuvrin Noël Boué , N’guessan Adjouawa Armandine , Obouayeba Samuel , Kouadio Yatty Justin
Published: December 2022

Aims: Faced with environmental issues, soil degradation and the scarcity of arable land, farmers are adopting several cropping practices, including agroforestry. It is in this context that a study entitled “Agromorphological characterization of a rubber tree-teak agroforestry system in central Côte d’Ivoire” was carried out in order to assess the effects of this crop combination on the agromorphological parameters of these crops.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Lomo Sud, a village in the city of Toumodi (central Côte d’Ivoire) from February to August 2022.

Methodology: Two experiments were carried out on two plots, a rubber tree one and a teak one. On the rubber tree plot, ten treatments were defined depending on their proximity to teak. On the teak plot, seven treatments were determined depending on their proximity to rubber trees. On each plot, the experimental design was in one tree plot design. The parameters taken into account in the study on rubber trees were stand, girth, rubber yield and rate of tapping panel dryness. For teak, the parameters assessed were stand, girth, straightness, cylindricity, branching, pruning and health condition.

Results: For rubber trees, the results showed that teak negatively influenced the number of rubber trees under tapping, growth and rubber yield, which were reduced by 125, 18 and 110%, respectively. For teak, the results showed that rubber trees positively influenced the growth, straightness, branching and pruning of teak.

Conclusion: The rubber tree-teak agroforestry system assessed in central Côte d'Ivoire is beneficial for teak but detrimental to rubber trees.
Effect of Front Line Demonstration on Integrated Nutrient Management of Soil Fertility in Wheat Crop in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh D. P. , Chandra V. , Rao Abhishek Govind
Published: December 2022

A field experiment was carried out  during the rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra (ANDUAT), Mahrajganj.  The study is Frontline Demonstration at adopted farmers’ field in six blocks viz. Sadar, Siswa Bazar, Meethora, Laxmipur.Ghughali and Nichlol of Mahrajganj, U.P, India. A total of 110 participating and 110 non-participating farmers from 10 representative villages were selected through stratified random sampling method to evaluate the different levels of INM on soil fertility of wheat. The experiment was comprising sixteen  treatments viz. T1- control, T2- 100%RDF, T3- 100%RDF+S+Zn, T4- 100% R.D.F. + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer (Azotobactor+ P.S.B.), T5- 100% R.D.F. + 25% N through F.Y.M. + S, T6- 100% R.D.F. + 25% N through F.Y.M. + S + Zn, T7-100% R.D.F. + 25% N through F.Y.M. + S + Zn + bio-fertilizer  (Azotobactor+ P.S.B.), T8-  100% R.D.F. + 25% N through vermi compost + S+Zn + bio-fertilizer (Azotobactor+ P.S.B.), Integration of organic manures showed slight increase in EC value while inorganic fertilizers showed slight decrease in EC values in comparison to its initial value which is obviously due to decomposition of organic matter in soil. Maximum increase in organic carbon content was noted with the integration of organic treatments followed by inorganic treatments. It could be due to organic matter decomposition and mineralization caused by a low C: N ratio. During both years, the status of N, P, K,S, and Zn increased slightly in all treatments when compared to their initial values, with the exception of the control. Maximum increase in available status of N, P, K, S and Zn was recorded with integration of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers with 100% RDF.T11 (100 % R.D.F. + 25% N through vermicompost+S + Zn + bio-fertilizer (Azotobactor+P.S.B.) followed by T9 (100% R.D.F. + 25% N through F.Y.M. + S + Zn+bio-fertilizer   (Azotobactor+P.S.B.) and minimum at control (T1) during both the years. Maximum microbial population was recorded with T11 (100% R.D.F. + 25% N through vermicompost+S + Zn + bio-fertilizers (Azotobactor+P.S.B.) followed by T7 (100% R.D.F. + 25% N through F.Y.M. + S + Zn+bio-fertilizers (Azotobactor+P.S.B.) and minimum at control during both the years.
Kawasaki Disease Complicated with Hemophagocytic Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Abubakari Alhaji Adam , Jiao Fuyong
Published: December 2022

Kawasaki Disease with Hemophagocytic syndrome (KD-HPS) is a rare disease that threatens the health of children around the world. Though it has low incidence rate, it progresses rapidly with atypical clinical symptoms which leads to misdiagnosis, posing serious threat to children's life with high mortality. This article presents the review on Kawasaki Disease (KD) with hemophagocytic syndrome pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment.
Effect of Sporulation Medium Content in Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins on Outgrowth of Bacillus spp Spores Activated with Heat and Ethanol Solution
Authors: Tong A. Nkoue , Kamdem S. L. Sado , Ngougue H. Djeudjeu , Etoa F. X.
Published: December 2022

Aims: evaluate the effect of the nutrient content of the medium on the sporulation percentage and the efficiency of ethanolic activation on the outgrowth of Bacillus spp.

Place and Duration: Department of Microbiology of the University of Yaoundé I between june 2020 and September 2021.

Methodology: In order to contribute to the understanding of the effect of the environment of spore origin on the ability to sporulate and outgrow in foods, spores of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were produced in different media differenciated by the carbohydrates, lipids and proteins composition. Mathematical models predicting sporulation rates and germination yields of heat- and ethanol-activated spores were evaluated as a function of the factors selected. The reliability of these models was assessed by comparing the predicted values with those obtained in real food.

Results: It was found that spores originating from high carbohydrates and proteins media had high sporulating and germination rates. It was found that the origin of the spores, mainly the carbohydrate and protein content, resulted in high sporulation rates and that spores from nutrient-rich media germinated faster than those from nutrient-poor media. Germination efficiency varied from strain to strain depending on the method of activation and the composition of the medium in which the spores were produced. The mathematical models obtained were validated in food matrices with correlation of predicted and observed values higher than 0.85.

Conclusion: The ethanolic activation of spore varies depending on the strain and the nutrient content especially the fat content in sporulating medium. The proteins and carbohydrates have significant content for thermal activation.
Attractors and Numerical Simulations for a Two-Temperature Phase Transition System
Authors: Ipopa Mohamed Ali , Bangola Brice Landry Doumbe , Ovono Armel Andami
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study a generalisation of the Caginalp phase field system obtained by considering the Fourier law as the heat conduction law and involving two temperatures. In the first section, we are interested in the existence and uniqueness of solutions. In section 2, we address the question of the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions, in particular with the demonstration of the existence of a global attractor. For this, we needed to show that the system is dissipative  and to  know the regularity  of the  solutions. Finally,  in  the last  section, we turn to the numerical solution of our problem.
Traditional and cyber dating violence among adolescents: Profiles, prevalence, and short‐term associations with peer violence
Authors: Muñoz‐Fernández Noelia , Sánchez‐Jiménez Virginia , Rodríguez‐deArriba María‐Luisa , Nacimiento‐Rodríguez Lydia , Elipe Paz , Del Rey Rosario
Published: December 2022

There is a paucity of studies on dating violence profiles that incorporate the forms of cyber and sexual dating violence. Moreover, the results on the predictive role of peer violence on dating violence are inconsistent. Our aim was to identify dating violence profiles and to study the predictive value of peer violence profiles on dating violence profiles using a short‐term longitudinal design. The sample consisted of 498 adolescents with current or past romantic relationship (42.8% boys), aged 12–18 years (M = 14.22; SD = 1.39). Four dating violence profiles were identified with an overlap between traditional and cyberdating violence. Peer violence profiles were associated with dating violence profiles 4 months later. The results suggest the need to prevent all forms of dating violence at an early age, starting with the improvement of interpersonal relationships between peers.
Feasibility and efficacy of active breathing coordinator assisted deep inspiration breath hold technique for treatment of locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: All Sean , Zhao Bo , Montalvo Steven , Maxwell Christian , Johns Christopher , Gu Xuejun , Rahimi Asal , Alluri Prasanna , Parsons David , Chiu Tsuicheng , Schroeder Samuel , Kim D. Nathan
Published: December 2022

Background

Active breathing coordinator (ABC)‐assisted deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) is an important organ sparing radiation therapy (RT) technique for left‐sided breast cancer patients. Patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing chest wall and regional nodal irradiation often require a field matching technique. While field matching has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in free breathing patients, its safety and accuracy in DIBH/ABC use has not been previously reported.

Purpose

To report the accuracy, feasibility, and safety of field matching with ABC/DIBH for patients receiving breast/chest wall irradiation with nodal irradiation using a three‐field technique.

Methods

From December 2012 to May 2018, breast cancer patients undergoing ABC/DIBH‐based RT at a single institution were reviewed. For each fraction, the amount of overlap/gap between the supraclavicular and the tangential field were measured and recorded. Patient characteristics, including acute and delayed skin toxicities, were analyzed.

Results

A total of 202 patients utilized ABC/DIBH and 4973 fractions had gap/overlap measurements available for analysis. The average gap/overlap measured at junction was 0.28 mm ± 0.99 mm. A total of 72% of fractions had no measurable gap/overlap (0 mm), while 5.6% had an overlap and 22.7% a gap. There was no significant trend for worsening or improvement of gap/overlap measurements with increasing fraction number per patient. OSLD measurements were compared to the planned dose. The median dose 1 cm above the junction was 106% ± 7% of planned dose (range 94%–116%). One centimeter below the junction, the median dose was 114% ± 11% of planned dose (range 95%–131%). At the junction, the median dose was 106% ± 16.3% of planned dose (range 86%–131%). Acute skin toxicity was similar to historically reported values (grade 3, 5.4%, grade 4, 0%).

Conclusion

ABC‐assisted DIBH is a safe and technically feasible method of delivering RT in the setting of complex matching field technique for breast and regional nodal treatments.
Digital Light‐Processing (DLP) 3D Printing of Magnesium Phosphate Minerals and Cements
Authors: Holeczek Katharina , Gbureck Uwe , Jungst Tomasz , Gergely Csaba , Galaba Lisa , Kade Juliane C.
Published: December 2022

Digital light processing (DLP) enables the fabrication of complex 3D structures based on a photopolymerizable resin usually containing a photo initiator and an UV or photo absorber. The resin and thus the final properties of the printed structures can be adjusted by adding fillers like bioceramic powders relevant for bone‐regeneration applications. Herein, a water‐based and biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) resin containing the photo initiator lithium‐phenyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) enables the production of 3D structures via DLP. The addition of calcium magnesium phosphate cement (CMPC) powder, acting as photo absorber, leads to higher accuracy of the final structures. After curing the printed construct in a diammonium–hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) bath for hardening, the resulting mechanical properties can be adjusted without post‐process sintering. Solid loading of up to 40 wt% CMPC powder is possible, and the resins are investigated regarding their rheological behavior and printability. The resulting constructs are analyzed in respect to their surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM), porosity, phase composition using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods, as well as mechanical properties influenced by the hardening process using DAHP for different durations.
Rapid and Full Densification of Carbonized Polymer Dot/Copper Composites by Low‐Temperature Sintering
Authors: Zhao Wenmin , Bao Rui , Yi Jianhong , Huang Shaoyong
Published: December 2022

To accomplish densification, pure copper (Cu) sintering, which is a solid phase sintering, necessitates extremely high pressure and temperature. The inclusion of an activator can speed up the diffusion of copper atoms, allowing the densification process to proceed more quickly. The carbonized polymer dot (CPD) via ball milling and spark plasma sintering to obtain a composite with full densification at low temperatures. Effects of sintering temperature on interface of CPD–Cu and the impact of CPD as an activator on pure Cu sintering densification are investigated in this study. Following are the results: Cu matrix composites can be densified at low temperatures by adding CPD, CPD/Cu composites have a relative density of 99.4%, and a hardness up to 130.94 HV while sintering temperature is just 550 °C.
Temperature Tunable Anderson Localization and Metal–Insulator Transition of Acoustic Waves in High‐Entropy Phononic Crystal
Authors: Yang Teng , Jin Yuqi , Dahotre Narendra B. , Wang Zhiming , Neogi Arup
Published: December 2022

Inspired by the electrical insulators made by high‐entropy alloys, this work studies the feasibility of using a 2D high‐entropy phononic crystal (PnC) to achieve Anderson localization within its first transmission band. The entropy of sound increases proportionally with the increase of additional eigenmodes at a certain frequency which decreases the transmitted energy through the structure. 2D disorder in sizes (or) and materials of the scatterers is introduced to achieve that on a perfect periodic PnC designed with metallic scatterers in an ambient water‐based lattice medium. Around the band edge of the first transmission band, Anderson's localization of sound is discovered. At a resonant frequency within a perfect periodic crystal, the introduction of a disorder in the PnC results in an exponential decay of sound wave transmission along the propagation direction due to the entropy generation from acoustic energy. Furthermore, the temperature tunability of the proposed crystal is proposed. A variation of the room temperature to 0 °C leads to the phase transition of water to ice and results in a strong transition of the acoustic localization at resonant frequencies with a 25 dB+ difference.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe by Synergy of Midgap state and Band Convergence
Authors: Guo Zhe , Wu Gang , Tan Xiaojian , Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Zongwei , Wu Guangjie , Zhang Qiang , Wu Jiehua , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Jun
Published: December 2022

The good co‐existence of midgap state and valence band degeneracy is realized in Bi‐alloyed GeTe through the In‐Cd codoping to play different but complementary roles in the valence band structure modification. In doping induces midgap state and results in a considerably improved Seebeck coefficient near room temperature, while Cd doping significantly increases the Seebeck coefficient in the mid‐high temperature region by promoting the valence band convergence. The synergistic effects obviously increase the density of state effective mass from 1.39 to 2.65 m0, and the corresponding carrier mobility still reaches 34.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Moreover, the Bi‐In‐Cd co‐alloying introduces various phonon scattering centers including nanoprecipitates and strain field fluctuations and suppresses the lattice thermal conductivity to a rather low value of 0.56 W m−1 K−1 at 600 K. As a result, the Ge0.89Bi0.06In0.01Cd0.04Te sample obtains excellent thermoelectric properties of zTmax ≈2.12 at 650 K and zTavg ≈1.43 between 300 and 773 K. This study illustrates that the thermoelectric performance of GeTe can be optimized in a wide temperature range through the synergy of midgap state and valence band convergence.
Graphene Oxide‐Assisted Multiple Cross‐Linking of MXene for Large‐Area, High‐Strength, Oxidation‐Resistant, and Multifunctional Films
Authors: Li Bin , Wu Na , Yang Yunfei , Pan Fei , Wang Changxian , Wang Gang , Xiao Long , Liu Wei , Liu Jiurong , Zeng Zhihui
Published: December 2022

Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) with metallic electrical conductivity and excellent processability attract increasing attention for assembling multifunctional macrostructures. However, the challenges, involving poor mechanical strength, inferior oxidation stability, and limited scalable manufacturing, impede their wide applications. Herein, the large‐area, high‐strength, ultra‐flexible hybrid films are developed through the multiple physical and chemical cross‐linking of MXene/cellulose films facilitated by graphene oxide. The MXene‐based films manifest significantly improved hydrophobicity, water/solvent resistance, and oxidation stability, and meanwhile, maintain excellent conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding performance. The X‐band surface‐specific shielding effectiveness (SE) of 18,837.5 dB cm2 g−1 and an SE over 60 dB in an ultra‐broadband frequency range are achieved, comparable to the best shields ever reported. Furthermore, the wearable films demonstrate excellent photothermal antibacterial and electrothermal deicing applications. Thus, such high‐performance MXene‐based films developed through a facile and scalable manufacturing method have substantial application prospects in flexible electronics, thermotherapy, electromagnetic compatibility, and aerospace.
Photo‐Driven Hydrogen Production from Methanol and Water using Plasmonic Cu Nanoparticles Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Liu Jinjia , Zhao Jiaqi , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Tierui
Published: December 2022

Methanol steam reforming (MSR) is viewed as an important technology in the growth of a future hydrogen economy, with methanol serving as an easily transportable and storable liquid hydrogen carrier. However, the thermocatalytic MSR reaction is energy intensive as it requires high temperatures. Herein, a novel L‐Cu catalyst is successfully fabricated for photo‐driven MSR through reduction of CuAl layered double hydroxide (CuAl‐LDH) nanosheets. L‐Cu offers outstanding activity for the photothermal conversion of methanol and water to hydrogen (160.5 µmol gcat−1 s−1) under ultraviolet‐visible irradiation, with this rate being much higher than that achieved for L‐Cu at the same temperature in the dark. Characterization studies using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy determine that L‐Cu catalyst comprise Cu nanoparticles on an amorphous alumina support. Computational calculations reveale that Cu localized surface plasmon resonance effects promote the activation of H2O, thereby underpinning the remarkable hydrogen production rates achieved during photo‐driven MSR. This study introduces a novel photothermal strategy for hydrogen generation from methanol, demonstrating the enormous potential of photothermal catalysis in the chemical and energy sectors.
A Highly Active, Long‐Lived Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst Derived from Open‐Framework Iridates
Authors: Yang Lan , Shi Lei , Chen Hui , Liang Xiao , Tian Boyuan , Zhang Kexin , Zou Yongcun , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: December 2022

The acidic oxygen evolution reaction underpins several important electrical‐to‐chemical energy conversions, and this energy‐intensive process relies industrially on iridium‐based electrocatalysts. Here, phase‐selective synthesis of metastable strontium iridates with open‐framework structure and their unexpected transformation into a highly active, ultrastable oxygen evolution nano‐electrocatalyst are presented. This transformation involves two major steps: Sr2+/H+ ion exchange in acid and in situ structural rearrangement under electrocatalysis conditions. Unlike its dense perovskite‐structured polymorphs, the open‐framework iridates have the ability to undergo rapid proton exchange in acid without framework amorphization. The resulting protonated iridates further reconstruct into ultrasmall, surface‐hydroxylated, (200) crystal plane‐oriented rutile nanocatalyst, instead of the common amorphous IrOxHy phase, during acidic oxygen evolution. Such microstructural characteristics are found to benefit both the oxidation of hydroxyls and the formation of OO bonds in electrocatalytic cycle. As a result, the open‐framework iridate derived nanocatalyst gives a comparable catalytic activity to the most active iridium‐based oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acid, and retains its catalytic activity for more than 1000 h.
Self‐Assembly of Nanocrystalline Structures from Freestanding Oxide Membranes
Authors: Harbola Varun , Wu Yu‐Jung , Wang Hongguang , Smink Sander , Parks Sarah C. , van Aken Peter A. , Mannhart Jochen
Published: December 2022

The exploration of crystalline nanostructures enhances the understanding of quantum phenomena occurring in spatially confined quantum matter and may lead to functional materials with unforeseen applications. A novel route to fabricating nanocrystalline oxide structures of exceptional quality is presented. This is achieved by utilizing a self‐assembly process of ultrathin membranes composed of the desired oxide. The thermally induced self‐assembly of nanocrystalline structures is driven by dewetting the oxide membranes once they are lifted off and transferred onto sapphire surfaces. In three successive steps, the process provides nanovoids, nanowires, and nanocrystals. Regardless of substrate orientation, the nanostructures are highly anisotropic in shape due to material retraction favoring low‐index crystalline lattice directions of the membranes. The orientation of the nanostructures is provided precisely by the crystal lattice of the transferred membrane. The microstructure of the nanocrystals exhibits exceptional quality, characterized by a pristine crystal structure and uniform stoichiometry, both maintained all the way down to the well‐developed crystalline facets. The demonstrated self‐assembly process holds the potential to improve the understanding of surface diffusion phenomena at the interface of materials, which is important for advancing epitaxial growth technology and paves the way to fabricating crystalline nanostructures by the transfer and self‐assembly of membranes.
Synergetic Passivation of Metal‐Halide Perovskite with Fluorinated Phenmethylammonium toward Efficient Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Zhu Yanqing , Lv Pin , Hu Min , Raga Sonia R. , Yin Huiyu , Zhang Yuxi , An Ziqi , Zhu Qinglong , Luo Gan , Li Wangnan , Huang Fuzhi , Lira‐Cantu Monica , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Lu Jianfeng
Published: December 2022

Surface passivation with organic halide salts is a powerful strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. However, the inevitable formed in‐plane favored two‐dimensional perovskite layers with low carrier mobility and high binding energy inhibit the interfacial charge transfer within the device. Herein, a bulky fluorinated phenmethylammonium salt is designed and synthesized to passivate the perovskite film without forming 2D perovskites. A strong interaction which is induced by an electron donation from passivation agent to perovskite not only reduces the defects at the top surface of the perovskite, but also suppresses the recombination reaction at the buried surface due to a permeation of the organic halide salt. Moreover, the results of time resolved photoluminescence and confocal microscopy images suggest that the interfacial charge transfer speed and uniformity are enhanced. As a result, the efficiency of a small‐area device increases from 20.7 ± 0.9% to 22.8 ± 0.4% (aperture: 0.16 cm2). Moreover, a stabilized efficiency of 18.0% (aperture: 10.0 cm2) is achieved for larger‐area modules with 6‐series connected sub‐cells. Equally important, the non‐encapsulated modules show significantly improved stability at ambient conditions (ISOS‐D‐1). These significant improvements provided by a simple and reproducible procedure can be readily adopted in other types of devices.
Double‐Dependence Correlations in Graphdiyne‐Supported Atomic Catalysts to Promote CO2RR toward the Generation of C2Products
Authors: Sun Mingzi , Wong Hon Ho , Wu Tong , Lu Qiuyang , Lu Lu , Chan Cheuk Hei , Chen Baian , Dougherty Alan William , Huang Bolong
Published: December 2022

Developing efficient and stable atomic catalysts (ACs) to achieve high faradaic efficiency and selectivity of C2products is a significant challenge for research on the CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR). Although significant efforts have been devoted to this endeavor, the understanding of C2pathways and the influences of metal selection and active sites on the CO2RR still remain unclear. Herein, this work presents a comprehensive theoretical exploration of full C2reaction pathway mapping based on graphdiyne (GDY)‐supported ACs with considerations of different metals and active sites for the first time. This work demonstrates the integrated large‐small cycle mechanism to explain the challenges for C2product generation, where the double‐dependence correlation with metal and active sites is identified. A series of novel transition metal based GDY‐SACs, GDY‐Pr, and GDY‐Pm SACs are demonstrated as promising electrocatalysts to generate CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3CHO, and CH2OHCH2OH while the formation of C2H4is very difficult for all GDY‐ACs. First‐principle machine learning predicts the reaction energy for the first time, where the adsorptions of the intermediates are critical to achieving accurate predictions of multi‐carbon products. This work supplies an advanced understanding of the complicated CO2RR mechanisms, which is expected to aid the development of novel atomic catalysts for efficient C2product generation.
Longitudinal Synaptic Density PET with 11C‐UCB‐J 6 Months After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Michiels Laura , Thijs Liselot , Mertens Nathalie , Coremans Marjan , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Verheyden Geert , Koole Michel , Van Laere Koen , Lemmens Robin
Published: December 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore longitudinal changes in synaptic density after ischemic stroke in vivo with synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods

We recruited patients with an ischemic stroke to undergo 11C‐UCB‐J PET/MR within the first month and 6 months after the stroke. We investigated longitudinal changes of partial volume corrected 11C‐UCB‐J standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR; relative to centrum semiovale) within the ischemic lesion, peri‐ischemic area and unaffected ipsilesional and contralesional grey matter. We also explored crossed cerebellar diaschisis at 6 months. Additionally, we defined brain regions potentially influencing upper limb motor recovery after stroke and studied 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR evolution in comparison to baseline.

Results

In 13 patients (age = 67 ± 15 years) we observed decreasing 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR in the ischemic lesion (ΔSUVR = −1.0, p = 0.001) and peri‐ischemic area (ΔSUVR = −0.31, p = 0.02) at 6 months after stroke compared to baseline. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis as measured with 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR was present in 11 of 13 (85%) patients at 6 months. The 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR did not augment in ipsilesional or contralesional brain regions associated with motor recovery. On the contrary, there was an overall trend of declining 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR in these brain regions, reaching statistical significance only in the nonlesioned part of the ipsilesional supplementary motor area (ΔSUVR = −0.83, p = 0.046).

Interpretation

At 6 months after stroke, synaptic density further declined in the ischemic lesion and peri‐ischemic area compared to baseline. Brain regions previously demonstrated to be associated with motor recovery after stroke did not show increases in synaptic density. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:911–921
Recent Advances in Multifunctional Microneedle Patches for Wound Healing and Health Monitoring
Authors: Pan Panpan , Liu Qing , Wang Lin , Wang Chunxiao , Hu Le , Jiang Yongjian , Deng Yonghui , Li Guisheng , Chen Jingdi
Published: December 2022

Benefiting from the advantages of minimal invasiveness, painlessness, and ease to use, microneedle patches (MPs) have been extensively studied in the biomedical field through a physical penetration enhancement pathway. This study systematically summarizes the preparation methods, function optimization, and diagnostic and therapeutic applications of MPs. First of all, the raw materials and methods commonly used in different preparation processes for MPs are highlighted. Then, the corresponding solutions to the problems facing MPs, such as poor tissue adhesion, weak mechanical strength, and low drug delivery utilization in their development and application, are emphasized, which serve as approaches to improve the performance of MPs. Subsequently, the latest applications of MPs for wound healing and health monitoring in recent years are summarized in‐depth, revealing the unique merits of MPs in diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the key points for the urgent improvement of MPs in clinical translation and commercial application are deliberated, in order to inspire the future direction of multifunctional and intelligent MPs.
Recent Advances in Tetrakis (4‐Carboxyphenyl) Porphyrin‐Based Nanocomposites for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Xie Yulin , Wang Man , Sun Qianqian , Wang Dongmei , Li Chunxia
Published: December 2022

Cancer has always been a terrible disease threatening human life. Although many researches have been carried out on cancer, there is still no way to cure it. Emerging therapeutic methods, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and immunotherapy, have brought the dawn for tumor treatment. As a typical photosensitizer (PS), tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) is favored by researchers. TCPP itself has powerful performance, which can be modified and coupled to obtain nanotherapeutic agents with excellent therapeutic effects. What's more, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) seem tailor‐made for the TCPP. MOFs with stable structure, large surface area, and aperture structure give TCPP more potential for application. With this in mind, the researches of TCPP‐based nanocomposites in tumor therapy in recent years are summarized, and the challenges in the tumor therapy of TCPP‐based nanocomposites and possible research directions to achieve highly efficient therapeutic effects are discussed.
Synthese, Biochemische Charakterisierung und Genetische Kodierung einer 1,2,4‐Triazol‐Aminosäure als Acetyllysin‐Mimetikum für Bromodomänen der BET‐Familie
Authors: Kirchgäßner Sören , Braun Michael B. , Bartlick Natascha , Koç Cengiz , Reinkemeier Christopher D. , Lemke Edward A. , Stehle Thilo , Schwarzer Dirk
Published: December 2022

Die Acetylierung von Lysinen ist eine ladungsneutralisierende posttranslationale Modifikation von Proteinen, die Bromodomänen (Brds) als Bindungsmotiv dient. Eine 1,2,4‐Triazol‐Aminosäure (ApmTri) wurde als Acetyllysin (Kac)‐Mimetikum entwickelt, das Brds der BET‐Familie rekrutiert, im Gegensatz zu Glutamin, das üblicherweise zur Simulierung dieser Modifikation genutzt wird. Durch Optimierung der Triazol‐Substituenten und der Seitenkettenlänge konnten ähnliche Affinitäten von BET‐Brds zu ApmTri‐enthaltenden Peptiden wie zu nativen Substraten erreicht werden. Kristallstrukturen zweier BET‐Brds mit gebundenen ApmTri‐Peptiden zeigten einen Bindungsmechanismus, der den von gebundenen Kac‐Liganden widerspiegelte. ApmTri wurde genetisch kodiert und rekombinante ApmTri‐enthaltende Proteine konnten gemeinsam mit BRD3(2) aus Zelllysat angereichert werden. Diese Interaktion wurde durch den BET‐Inhibitor JQ1 blockiert. Die Biochemie wird durch ApmTri mit einem neuen, stabilen Kac‐Mimetikum ausgestattet, das sowohl die Ladung neutralisiert, als auch Brds rekrutiert. Dadurch werden neue Untersuchungen von BET‐Proteinen in vitro und in vivo ermöglicht.
A Molybdenum Disulfide Nanozyme with Charge‐Enhanced Activity for Ultrasound‐Mediated Cascade‐Catalytic Tumor Ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Longwei , Zhang Xiaodi , You Zhen , Yang Zhongwei , Guo Mengyu , Guo Jiawei , Liu He , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Zhuo , Wang Aizhu , Lv Yawei , Zhang Jian , Yu Xin , Liu Jing , Chen Chunying
Published: December 2022

The deficient catalytic activity of nanozymes and insufficient endogenous H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are major obstacles for nanozyme‐mediated catalytic tumor therapy. Since electron transfer is the basic essence of catalysis‐mediated redox reactions, we explored the contributing factors of enzymatic activity based on positive and negative charges, which are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated to enhance the peroxidase (POD)‐like activity of a MoS2 nanozyme. Hence, an acidic tumor microenvironment‐responsive and ultrasound‐mediated cascade nanocatalyst (BTO/MoS2@CA) is presented that is made from few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets grown on the surface of piezoelectric tetragonal barium titanate (T‐BTO) and modified with pH‐responsive cinnamaldehyde (CA). The integration of pH‐responsive CA‐mediated H2O2 self‐supply, ultrasound‐mediated charge‐enhanced enzymatic activity, and glutathione (GSH) depletion enables out‐of‐balance redox homeostasis, leading to effective tumor ferroptosis with minimal side effects.
Host–Guest Doping in Flexible Organic Crystals for Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Xia Yang , Zhu Chenfei , Cao Feng , Shen Yunxia , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Yujian
Published: December 2022

Organic single crystals (OSCs) with excellent flexibility and unique optical properties are of great importance due to their broad applicability in optical/optoelectronic devices and sensors. Nevertheless, fabricating flexible OSCs with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) remains a great challenge. Herein, we propose a host–guest doping strategy to achieve both RTP and flexibility of OSCs. The single‐stranded crystal is highly bendable upon external force application and can immediately return to its original straight shape after removal of the stress, impressively emitting bright deep‐red phosphorescence. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the bright RTP arises from Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the triphenylene molecules to the dopants. This strategy is both conceptually and synthetically simple and offers a universal approach for the preparation of flexible OSCs with RTP.
Highly Robust Microporous Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Efficient Ethylene Purification under Dry and Humid Conditions
Authors: Liu Wansheng , Geng Shubo , Li Ning , Wang Sa , Jia Shuping , Jin Fazheng , Wang Ting , Forrest Katherine A. , Pham Tony , Cheng Peng , Chen Yao , Ma Jian‐Gong , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: December 2022

Two C2H6‐selective metal‐organic framework (MOF) adsorbents with ultrahigh stability, high surface areas, and suitable pore size have been designed and synthesized for one‐step separation of ethane/ethylene (C2H6/C2H4) under humid conditions to produce polymer‐grade pure C2H4. Experimental results reveal that these two MOFs not only adsorb a high amount of C2H6but also display good C2H6/C2H4selectivity verified by fixed bed column breakthrough experiments. Most importantly, the good water stability and hydrophobic pore environments make these two MOFs capable of efficiently separating C2H6/C2H4under humid conditions, exhibiting the benchmark performance among all reported adsorbents for separation of C2H6/C2H4under humid conditions. Moreover, the affinity sites and their static adsorption energies were successfully revealed by single crystal data and computation studies. Adsorbents described in this work can be used to address major chemical industrial challenges.
Massless scalar scattering by a charged regular black hole
Authors: de Paula Marco Aurélio Abreu , dos Santos Leite Luiz Carlos , Crispino Luís Carlos Bassalo
Published: December 2022

The scattering cross section of massless scalar waves in the background of an Ayón–Beato–García electrically charged regular black hole is investigated. We obtain the scattering pattern by numerically solving the Klein–Gordon equation. We show that it is possible to find configurations for which the Ayón–Beato–García regular black hole can mimic the scattering properties of the Reissner–Nordström black hole, for arbitrary values of the scattering angle and of the wave frequency, considering low‐to‐moderate values of the normalized electric charge. Our results suggest that the scattering spectra of regular and standard black holes can be indistinguishable.
A review on biological synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and its application in photocatalysis mediated dye degradation: An overview
Authors: Areeshi Mohammed Y.
Published: December 2022

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has several industrial applications due to its versatile properties, which lead to its continuously increasing demand in different industrial sectors. Additionally, ZnO nanostructures possess unique photocatalytic activity, and because of this, they are being applied to degrade organic dyes through photocatalysis for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, chemical synthesis methods to develop ZnO nanostructures have raised concerns related to environmental issues, furthermore, these methods are found to be costly and tedious. As a result, the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using green methods is gaining popularity due to its low cost and eco‐friendly mode, while avoiding the use of toxic chemicals. Green synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using different biological approaches involving plants, algae, and different microorganism‐derived bioactive compounds has been well reported for diverse applications. Among different applications, ZnO nanostructures that enable photocatalysis to degrade dye have been found to be imperative for wastewater treatments. Therefore, the current review explores recent studies on green synthesis approaches to prepare ZnO nanostructures via adopting different biological methods that rely on plants, algae, and bacterial microorganisms. The properties of ZnO nanostructures, along with their green synthesis routes and feasible mechanisms, have also been discussed in this review. This review focuses on the use and efficiency of green route synthesized ZnO nanostructures as nanophotocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes in wastewater treatment. Additionally, existing challenges in green synthesis methods and the efficiency of ZnO nanostructures to degrade organic dyes following photocatalysis has been discussed.
Linking Catalysis in Biochemical and Geochemical CO2 Fixation at the Emergence of Life
Authors: Belthle Kendra S. , Tüysüz Harun
Published: December 2022

H2‐producing, submarine hydrothermal vents present a plausible environment for the prebiotic synthesis of the first organic compounds at the emergence of life. Geochemical CO2 reduction at these vent systems harbors similarity to the ancient, biochemical acetyl‐CoA pathway of CO2 fixation in modern autotrophs. Both pathways involve catalytic transformations with transition metals as active centers. This concept article provides some insight about origins of life, mineral‐catalyzed CO2 reduction, and its correlation to the enzymatic pathway by focusing on key studies.
Glycosyl Radical‐Based Synthesis of C‐Glycoamino Acids and C‐Glycopeptides
Authors: Wang Chao , Qi Rupeng , Xu Zhaoqing
Published: December 2022

Radical‐based reactions usually exhibit excellent functional‐group compatibilities due to their mild initiation conditions. Glycosyl radical involved C‐glycosylation modifications are important strategies to achieve highly regio‐ and chemoselective constructions of C‐glycosidic bonds or C‐glycoside linkages of peptides and proteins. In this Concept, we cover recent developments in glycosyl radical‐based synthesis of unnatural amino acids and late‐stage modification of peptides and proteins, and provide a preliminary outlook on the possible development of this direction in the future.
Donor‐Acceptor Tribenzotriquinacene‐Based Molecular Wizard Hats Bearing Three ortho‐Benzoquinone Units
Authors: Hung Tsz‐Yu , Kuck Dietmar , Chow Hak‐Fun
Published: December 2022

Two π‐extended bay‐bridged tribenzotriquinacenes (“TBTQ wizard hats”) 12 and 16 bearing three mutually conjugated, alternating veratrole‐type and ortho‐benzoquinone units were synthesized. The electronic properties of these complementarily arranged, nonplanar push‐pull systems are affected by the fusion with the rigid, C3‐symmetric TBTQ core to a different extent, as revealed by X‐ray structural analysis, UV‐vis spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetry. The combination of three quinone units within the original TBTQ core and three veratrole‐type bay bridging units in 12 gives rise to a more efficiently π‐conjugated chromophore, as reflected by the shallower shape of wizard hat and its absorption in the visible up to 750 nm in comparison to 16. Congener 12 contains an aromatic 18‐π electron system in contrast to the cross‐conjugated analog 16. X‐ray structure analysis of the precursor dodecaether 15 revealed the formation of a cage‐like supramolecular dimer, in which the peripheral dioxane‐type ether groups interlace by twelve noncovalent C−H⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅O bonds.
Nonmetallic Nitrogen‐Doped MnO2 as Highly Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Xie Shilei , Wang Shoushan , Zhao Peng , Yang Xiaoman , Huang Peng , Liu Peng , Cheng Faliang
Published: December 2022

Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices to solve the problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this work, we reported the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped MnO2 (N‐MnO2) to replace the noble metal electrocatalysts for air cathode in ZABs. The doped N atoms here introduced more Mn3+ and oxygen vacancies for MnO2, enhancing charge transfer property and accelerating surface intermediate product during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Hence, the best N‐MnO2 achieved remarkable electrocatalytic activities towards ORR (half‐wave potential of 0.797 V vs. RHE), and reversible oxygen overpotential of around 0.842 V, which is better than or comparable to the Pt/C and Mn‐based catalysts reported recently. Moreover, the homemade ZABs based on N‐MnO2 showed the maximum power density of 132.8 mW cm−2 and excellent cyclic stability.
NaClO‐Mediated Cross Installation of Indoles and Azoles Benefits Anticancer Hit Discovery
Authors: Yu Changjun , E. Ruiyao , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Hu Wen‐Qian , Bao Guangjun , Li Yiping , Liu Yuyang , He Zeyuan , Li Jingyue , Ma Wen , Mou Ling‐Yun , Wang Rui , Sun Wangsheng
Published: December 2022

Innovations in synthetic chemistry have a profound impact on the drug discovery process, and will always be a necessary driver of drug development. As a result, it is of significance to develop novel simple and effective synthetic installation of medicinal modules to promote drug discovery. Herein, we have developed a NaClO‐mediated cross installation of indoles and azoles, both of which are frequently encountered in drugs and natural products. This effective toolbox provides a convenient synthetic route to access a library of N‐linked 2‐(azol‐1‐yl) indole derivatives, and can be used for late‐stage modification of drugs, natural products and peptides. Moreover, biological screening of the library has revealed that several adducts showed promising anticancer activities against A549 and NCI‐H1975 cells, which give us a hit for anticancer drug discovery.
A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study of Chlorinated Organic Compounds. Part I: Force Field Development
Authors: Komissarov Leonid , Krep Lukas , Schmalz Felix , Kopp Wassja A. , Leonhard Kai , Verstraelen Toon
Published: December 2022

This work presents a novel parametrization for the ReaxFF formalism as a means to investigate reaction processes of chlorinated organic compounds. Force field parameters cover the chemical elements C, H, O, Cl and were obtained using a novel optimization approach involving relaxed potential energy surface scans as training targets. The resulting ReaxFF parametrization shows good transferability, as demonstrated on two independent ab initio validation sets. While this first part of our two‐paper series focuses on force field parametrization, we apply our parameters to the simulation of chlorinated dibenzofuran formation and decomposition processes in Part II.
Pogroms in Kraków in 1918 and 1945: Historical analysis
Authors: Cichopek‐Gajraj Anna
Published: December 2022

What can a temporal comparison of two pogroms in the same city in the wake of two vastly different military conflicts reveal about context and function of anti‐Jewish violence? What can it tell us about historical continuity and change? These questions frame the history below which focuses on two pogroms in the city of Kraków on April 16, 1918, and August 11, 1945. This article argues that in both cases perpetrators perceived the state as failing to meet their basic economic, national, and moral expectations after the wars which left political and social chaos, economic ruin, and dismal law and order. To address the state's failings and restore the “moral balance,” the perpetrators targeted the Jews whom they perceived as the state's beneficiaries. After the Second World War, the violence only intensified when the medieval myth of ritual murder reemerged, and Jewish women and children became the targets of aggression. This change can only be explained by the specific context of WWII when redemptive antisemitism of Nazi propaganda and the daily practice of genocide stripped Jews of the remains of their humanity thus marking them as the ultimate threat to Polish survival.
Top‐down and bottom‐up strategies for the implementation of corporate social responsibility: A qualitative survey of an internationalITservices company
Authors: Gotsch Matthias , Gandenberger Carsten , Serafimov Luisa , Miemiec Mathias
Published: December 2022

Despite a large body of research on corporate social responsibility (CSR), there has been little research on the actual implementation of CSR strategies in companies. Therefore, this article examined top‐down and bottom‐up approaches for implementing sustainability at company level. For our survey, we chose a large IT services company, which is one of the global leaders in the Software as a Service (SaaS) business. Based on theoretical foundations, namely the Social Identity Theory and the Social Exchange Theory, six interviews were conducted with employees and managers of the company. Our results show that the company's vision and values strongly influence the employees' sustainable work activities and behavior. In addition, the employees also have options for shaping the sustainability strategy within the framework they are given. Concluding, the article shows the advantages of integrating both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches, and identifies options for companies implementing sustainability.