bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Extraction Temperature Influence on Polyphenolic Profiles of Vine-Canes (Vitis vinifera) Subcritical Water Extracts
Authors: Dorosh Olena , Moreira Manuela M. , Pinto Diana , F. Peixoto Andreia , Freire Cristina , Costa Paulo , Rodrigues Francisca , Delerue-Matos Cristina
Published: July 2020

This work focused on evaluating the possibility of using vineyard pruning wastes from two Portuguese Vitis vinifera varieties; Touriga Nacional (TN) and Tinta Roriz (TR), as new potential ingredients for the nutraceutical industry. An environmentally friendly extraction technique; namely subcritical-water extraction (SWE), was employed. The overall results indicate that phenolic acids were the major class of compounds quantified; being gallic acid the principal one. The highest value for total phenolic content (TPC) was obtained for the TR extract at 250 °C (181 ± 12 mg GAE/g dw). In terms of antioxidant activity; the DPPH values for the extracts obtained at 250 °C were approximately 4-fold higher than the ones obtained at 125 °C; with TR extract presenting the highest value (203 ± 22 mg TE/g dw). Thus, the TR extract obtained through SWE at 250 °C was selected to evaluate the scavenging activity and the in vitro effects on cells due to the best results achieved in the previous assays. This extract presented the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (O2●-, HOCl and ROO●). No adverse effects were observed in HFF-1 viability after exposure to extract concentrations below 100 μg/mL. This work demonstrated that vine-canes extracts could be a potential ingredient to nutraceutical industry
Control of Foodborne Biological Hazards by Ionizing Radiations
Authors: Munir Muhammad Tanveer , Federighi Michel
Published: July 2020

Ionization radiations are used to ensure food safety and quality. This irradiation process uses ions of beta or gamma rays to inactivate or destroy the food spoilage pests, microorganisms and their toxins without significantly increasing the temperature of the treated product. Meanwhile, various intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in determining the efficacy of ionization irradiation against these organisms. Therefore, the dose of radiations is recommended according to the type of irradiation, substrate and microorganisms. However, controversies are surrounding the use of irradiations in the food industry due to a negative perception of irradiations. This manuscript described the use of ionization radiations to control the foodborne biological hazards and increase shelf life. Firstly, the characteristics and mode of action of irradiations were discussed. Secondly, the role of extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing the radioresistance of biological hazards were elaborated. This literature review also detailed the differential effects of irradiations on different microorganisms and pests having a role in food safety and deterioration. Finally, the regulatory status and the consumer values along with the controversies surrounding the use of ionization irradiations in the food sector were explained.
Optimization of the Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Viscera Hydrolysis for Obtaining Iron-Binding Peptides and Evaluation of In Vitro Iron Bioavailability
Authors: Gómez Leidy J. , Gómez Nathalia A. , Zapata José E. , López-García Gabriel , Cilla Antonio , Alegría Amparo
Published: July 2020

Iron deficiencies continue to cause significant health problems in vulnerable populations. A good strategy to combat mineral deficiency includes fortification with iron-binding peptides. This research aims to determine the optimal conditions to hydrolyze red tilapia viscera (RTV) using Alcalase 2.4 L and recovery of iron-binding protein hydrolysate. The result showed that under the optimal hydrolysis condition including pH 10, 60 °C, E/S ratio of 0.306 U/g protein, and substrate concentration of 8 g protein/L, the obtained hydrolysate with 42.5% degree of hydrolysis (RTVH-B), displayed the maximal iron-binding capacity of 67.1 ± 1.9%. Peptide fractionation was performed using ultrafiltration and the <1 kDa fraction (FRTVH-V) expressed the highest iron-binding capacity of 95.8 ± 1.5%. Iron content of RTVH-B and its fraction was assessed, whereas iron uptake was measured indirectly as ferritin synthesis in a Caco-2 cell model and the result showed that bioavailability of bound minerals from protein complexes was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than iron salt in its free form, increased 4.7 times for the Fe2+–RTVH-B complex. This research suggests a potential application of RTVH-B as dietary supplements to improve iron absorption.
Nutritional Value of the Larvae of the Alien Invasive Wasp Vespa velutina nigrithorax and Amino Acid Composition of the Larval Saliva
Authors: Jeong Hyeyoon , Kim Ja Min , Kim Beomsu , Nam Ju-Ock , Hahn Dongyup , Choi Moon Bo
Published: July 2020

The systematic investigations on the value of social wasps as a food resource are deficient, in spite of the long history of the utilization of social wasps as food and pharmaceutical bioresources. Vespa velutina nigrithorax is an invasive alien wasp species that is currently dominating in East Asia and Europe, bringing huge economic damages. As a control over alien species is made when the valuable utilization of the invasive species as a potential resource are discovered, investigations on the potential of V. v. nigrithorax as a useful bioresource are also in demand. Nutritional and heavy metal analyses of the larvae revealed their balanced and rich nutritional value and safety as a food resource. The larval saliva amino acid composition was investigated for further study on amino acid supplementation and exercise enhancement.
Nutritional Value and Antimicrobial Activity of Pittosporum angustifolium (Gumby Gumby), an Australian Indigenous Plant
Authors: Phan Anh Dao Thi , Chaliha Mridusmita , Hong Hung Trieu , Tinggi Ujang , Netzel Michael E. , Sultanbawa Yasmina
Published: July 2020

The indigenous endemic plant P. angustifolium has received attention for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications in Australia. This study investigates for the first time the nutritional value (macro- and micronutrients, minerals, trace elements, polyphenols, carotenoids, saponins and antioxidant capacity) and antimicrobial activity of different botanical parts of P. angustifolium, either collected from the wild or cultivated. Different botanical tissues, geographic location and growing condition (wild vs. cultivated) showed significant (p < 0.05) effects on the tested bioactive compounds, with the leaves having significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels than the stems. Saponins and polyphenols could be identified as the main bioactive compounds in the leaves with up to 4% per dry weight. The extracts of P. angustifolium leaves and stems showed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, especially against Candida albicans. These activities correlated (R2 = 0.64–0.92; p < 0.05) with the levels of polyphenols and saponins, indicating their biologic potential. Findings from this study may provide information for future applications of P. angustifolium in the functional ingredient or nutraceutical industry.
Existence Results for Fractional Order Single-Valued and Multi-Valued Problems with Integro-Multistrip-Multipoint Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Ahmad Bashir , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: July 2020

We study the existence of solutions for a new class of boundary value problems of arbitrary order fractional differential equations and inclusions, supplemented with integro-multistrip-multipoint boundary conditions. Suitable fixed point theorems are applied to prove some new existence results. The inclusion problem is discussed for convex valued as well as non-convex valued multi-valued map. Examples are also constructed to illustrate the main results. The results presented in this paper are not only new in the given configuration but also provide some interesting special cases.
Magnetism Science with the Square Kilometre Array
Authors: Heald George , Mao Sui , Vacca Valentina , Akahori Takuya , Damas-Segovia Ancor , Gaensler B. , Hoeft Matthias , Agudo Ivan , Basu Aritra , Beck Rainer , Birkinshaw Mark , Bonafede Annalisa , Bourke Tyler , Bracco Andrea , Carretti Ettore , Feretti Luigina , Girart J. , Govoni Federica , Green James , Han JinLin , Haverkorn Marijke , Horellou Cathy , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Kothes Roland , Landecker Tom , Nikiel-Wroczyński Błażej , O’Sullivan Shane , Padovani Marco , Poidevin Frédérick , Pratley Luke , Regis Marco , Riseley Christopher , Robishaw Tim , Rudnick Lawrence , Sobey Charlotte , Stil Jeroen , Sun Xiaohui , Sur Sharanya , Taylor A. , Thomson Alec , Van Eck Cameron , Vazza Franco , West Jennifer ,   the SKA Magnetism Science Working Group
Published: July 2020

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will answer fundamental questions about the origin, evolution, properties, and influence of magnetic fields throughout the Universe. Magnetic fields can illuminate and influence phenomena as diverse as star formation, galactic dynamics, fast radio bursts, active galactic nuclei, large-scale structure, and dark matter annihilation. Preparations for the SKA are swiftly continuing worldwide, and the community is making tremendous observational progress in the field of cosmic magnetism using data from a powerful international suite of SKA pathfinder and precursor telescopes. In this contribution, we revisit community plans for magnetism research using the SKA, in light of these recent rapid developments. We focus in particular on the impact that new radio telescope instrumentation is generating, thus advancing our understanding of key SKA magnetism science areas, as well as the new techniques that are required for processing and interpreting the data. We discuss these recent developments in the context of the ultimate scientific goals for the SKA era.
Creating Response-Able Futures? Discussing the Conservative Laestadian Desire to Mother within Reproductive Justice
Authors: Rantala Teija
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the Conservative Laestadian women’s desire to mother and the procreational ethos of the Conservative Laestadian religious movement in the framework of reproductive justice and ecological crisis. The data draws from my doctoral study in which I examined the aspirations of women who belonged in the Conservative Laestadian religious revival movement in Finland. In my attempt to understand the Laestadian women’s desire to mother within the procreational ethos of this conservative religion, and to form an alternative approach to the issue in feminist ethico-ecological framework, I employ Donna J. Haraway’s concept of response-ability together with Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory of matrixial feminine transconnectivity. With this article, I propose that in their multivocality, diversity, and intertwined nature, the Laestadian women’s accounts of motherhood assist in understanding the many aspirations, intentions, agencies, and affects that operate within the desire to mother in this conservative religious movement. The Laestadian women’s diverging accounts enable us to consider motherhood as a manifold issue for a pious woman: a natural duty and an obligation, but also a position through which to claim the status of a subject. This invites us to think of the Laestadian women’s desire to mother more broadly as an entangled ethics of relationality, care, and kin-making beyond human reproduction. To promote a response-able approach to the issue of the desire to mother on the edge of the ecological disaster, we must address the unquestioned transgenerational and procreational models of motherhood and how these complicate the discussion on the reproductive rights of religious female subjects in the Western world. However, as the desire to mother extends toward shared response-ability and more inclusive futures, it requires questioning the human desire to reproduce.
A Possible Tsunami Deposit Associated to the CE 1755 Lisbon Earthquake on the Western Coast of Portugal
Authors: Tudor Mihaela , Ramos-Pereira Ana , Costa Pedro J.M.
Published: July 2020

The CE 1755 Lisbon tsunami was the largest historical tsunami to affect the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North Africa. This study presents the results obtained from the application of different sedimentological techniques (e.g., grain size, morphoscopy, microtextural analysis, geochemistry, radiocarbon dating) on sediments retrieved from the Alcabrichel River alluvial plain (of about 500 m far away from its mouth and approximatively 50 km northwest of Lisbon, Portugal). The results allowed the identification of a sandy layer that was associated with the CE 1755 tsunami. Furthermore, a new microtextural semi-quantitative classification was applied to enhance the identification of extreme marine inundation deposits. Based on sedimentological data, three different tsunami inundation phases were identified, including two inundations and a likely backwash. This innovative work offers physical evidence of the spatial presence of the CE 1755 tsunami event on the western coast of Europe. It also enables a reconstruction of tsunami inundation dynamics, with two flooding waves and an interspersed backwash.
Unique Geology and Climbing: A Literature Review
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. , Ermolaev Vladimir A.
Published: July 2020

Geological and geomorphological heritage (geoheritage) is often found in mountain domains that also provide resources for climbing, mountaineering, bouldering, and canyoning. The relevant research has grown in the 2010s, and its main findings need systematization. The present paper reviews the available scientific articles dealing with geoheritage and climbing activities. The number of sources remains limited, and the majority of them focus on Europe. However, these sources are rather diverse thematically. A total of 11 principal topics are delineated, and these are attributed to geoconservation, geoeducation, the tourism industry, and tourism opportunities. Several methodologies for assessment of geoheritage and climbing sites are proposed. These provide important insights, but focus on particular issues and can be applied in particular situations. Critical consideration of the available literature permits the identification of several research gaps that should be addressed by future research. The analysis of the sources implies several dimensions for sustainability judgments. Finally, the importance of the world’s highest peaks for the understanding of geoheritage and climbing activities is underappreciated by the reviewed works, and this deficiency should be addressed by future investigation.
G3DMS: Design and Implementation of a Data Management System for the Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders
Authors: Samra Halima , Li Alice , Soh Ben
Published: July 2020

Current health information systems used in genetic research centers and clinics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have failed to enable researchers and health care physicians to utilize genetic and clinical data in their research. In this paper, we aim to design and implement a Genetic Disorders Diagnosis Data Management System (G3DMS) to support clinicians in the process of diagnosing genetic diseases and conducting genetic studies. A case study was undertaken to analyze a health information system in Saudi to understand its design problems via a brainstorming method. We then used the Barker’s system design method and a prototype to validate our proposed system via usability testing. This research has resulted in the development of the G3DMS that comprises: electronic data-capture forms for data entry; a customized query builder to display and modify patient data as well as form research queries; a module that allows historical data to be uploaded in the form of bulk data using a template; export data options to Excel and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format; and authorization access for healthcare researchers and clinicians. The G3DMS was implemented in the Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, KSA.
Health Care Responsibility and Compassion-Visiting the Housebound Patient Severely Affected by ME/CFS
Authors: Kingdon Caroline , Giotas Dionysius , Nacul Luis , Lacerda Eliana
Published: July 2020

Many people with severe Myalgic Encephalopathy/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) commonly receive no care from healthcare professionals, while some have become distanced from all statutory medical services. Paradoxically, it is often the most seriously ill and needy who are the most neglected by those responsible for their healthcare. Reasons for this include tensions around the complexity of making an accurate diagnosis in the absence of a biomarker, the bitter debate about the effectiveness of the few available treatments, and the very real stigma associated with the diagnosis. Illness severity often precludes attendance at healthcare facilities, and if an individual is well enough to be able to attend an appointment, the presentation will not be typical; by definition, patients who are severely affected are home-bound and often confined to bed. We argue that a holistic model, such as ‘‘Compassion in Practice’’, can help with planning appointments and caring for people severely affected by ME/CFS. We show how this can be used to frame meaningful interactions between the healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and the homebound patient.
Thirty-Two Years of Integrating Archaeology and Heritage Management in Belize: A Brief History of the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance (BVAR) Project’s Engagement with the Public
Authors: Hoggarth Julie A. , Awe Jaime J. , Ebert Claire E. , Guerra Rafael A. , Beardall Antonio , Watkins Tia B. , Walden John P.
Published: July 2020

Since its inception in 1988, the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance (BVAR) Project has had two major foci, that of cultural heritage management and archaeological research. While research has concentrated on excavation and survey, the heritage management focus of the project has included the preservation of ancient monuments, the integration of archaeology and tourism development, and cultural heritage education. In this paper, we provide a brief overview on the history of scientific investigations by the BVAR Project, highlighting the project’s dual heritage management and research goals. This background offers the basis in which to discuss the successes and challenges of the project’s efforts in cultural heritage management and public engagement, particularly in early conservation efforts, in its training and educational efforts, and its ongoing outreach activity. We emphasize the need to train Belizeans as professional archaeologists and conservators, to serve as the next generation of advocates for Belize’s heritage management. We offer some ideas on how research projects can make significant contributions to heritage education and preservation in the developing world.
Influence of the Ovine Genital Tract Microbiota on the Species Artificial Insemination Outcome. A Pilot Study in Commercial Sheep Farms
Authors: Serrano Malena , Climent Eric , Freire Fernando , Martínez-Blanch Juan F. , González Carmen , Reyes Luis , Solaz-Fuster M. Carmen , Calvo Jorge H. , Jiménez M. Ángeles , Codoñer Francisco M.
Published: July 2020

To date, there is a lack of research into the vaginal and sperm microbiome and its bearing on artificial insemination (AI) success in the ovine species. Using hypervariable regions V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA, we describe, for the first time, the combined effect of the ovine microbiome of both females (50 ewes belonging to five herds) and males (five AI rams from an AI center) on AI outcome. Differences in microbiota abundance between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes and between ewes carrying progesterone-releasing intravaginal devices (PRID) with or without antibiotic were tested at different taxonomic levels. The antibiotic treatment applied with the PRID only altered Streptobacillus genus abundance, which was significantly lower in ewes carrying PRID with antibiotic. Mageebacillus, Histophilus, Actinobacilllus and Sneathia genera were significantly less abundant in pregnant ewes. In addition, these genera were more abundant in two farms with higher AI failure. Species of these genera such as Actinobacillus seminis and Histophilus somni have been associated with reproductive disorders in the ovine species. These genera were not present in the sperm samples of AI rams, but were found in the foreskin samples of rams belonging to herd 2 (with high AI failure rate) indicating that their presence in ewes’ vagina could be due to prior transmission by natural mating with rams reared in the herd.
Provision of Psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Czech, German and Slovak Psychotherapists
Authors: Humer Elke , Pieh Christoph , Kuska Martin , Barke Antonia , Doering Bettina K. , Gossmann Katharina , Trnka Radek , Meier Zdenek , Kascakova Natalia , Tavel Peter , Probst Thomas
Published: July 2020

Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible. Therefore, remote psychotherapy provides a valuable option to continue mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the fear of psychotherapists to become infected with COVID-19 during psychotherapy in personal contact and assessed how the provision of psychotherapy changed due to the COVID-19 situation and whether there were differences with regard to country and gender. Psychotherapists from three European countries: Czech Republic (CZ, n = 112), Germany (DE, n = 130) and Slovakia (SK, n = 96), with on average 77.8% female participants, completed an online survey. Participants rated the fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy and reported the number of patients treated on average per week (in personal contact, via telephone, via internet) during the COVID-19 situation as well as (retrospectively) in the months before. Fear of COVID-19 infection was highest in SK and lowest in DE (p < 0.001) and was higher in female compared to male psychotherapists (p = 0.021). In all countries, the number of patients treated on average per week in personal contact decreased (p < 0.001) and remote psychotherapies increased (p < 0.001), with more patients being treated via internet than via telephone during the COVID-19 situation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, female psychotherapists treated less patients in personal contact (p = 0.036), while they treated more patients via telephone than their male colleagues (p = 0.015). Overall, the total number of patients treated did not differ during COVID-19 from the months before (p = 0.133) and psychotherapy in personal contact remained the most common treatment modality. Results imply that the supply of mental health care could be maintained during COVID-19 and that changes in the provision of psychotherapy vary among countries and gender.
Exploring the Social Media on the Communication Professionals in Public Health. Spanish Official Medical Colleges Case Study
Authors: de las Heras-Pedrosa Carlos , Rando-Cueto Dolores , Jambrino-Maldonado Carmen , Paniagua-Rojano Francisco J.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the role that social media have on the practice of health professionals working in information and communication department of Spanish official medical college. Social media in health fields have experienced growing participation of users and are increasingly considered a credible form of communication. This paper examines the use of social media as communication tool by the Official Medical Colleges (OMC) of Spain. According to the National Institute of Statistics, in 2019 there were 267,995 registered medical professionals in the 52 OMC in Spain. This research is based on a qualitative methodological technique through semi-structured interviews, with the aim of identifying the profiles of the people who lead the information in the professional organizations of the OMC. Of the colleges, 73.07% participated. The findings show that information is essential for the OMC and most of them have at least one experienced communication professional. Social media are essential tool in their work and Twitter (87.5%) and Facebook (81.3%) are considered the most relevant social media according to their interests. These tools are believed to be very useful for informing, establishing relationships and listening to users.
Emirati Women’s Knowledge about the Menopause and Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Authors: Smail Linda , Jassim Ghufran A. , Sharaf Khawla I.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of Emirati women aged 30–64 about menopause, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), and their associated health risks, and additionally, to determine the relationships between Emirati women’s knowledge about menopause and their sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted of 497 Emirati women visiting five primary healthcare centers in Dubai. Data were collected using a questionnaire composed of sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics, menopause knowledge scale (MKS), and menopause symptoms knowledge and MHT practice. The mean menopause symptoms knowledge percentage was 41%, with a standard deviation of 21%. There were significant differences in the mean knowledge percentage among categories of education level (p < 0.001) and employment (p = 0.003). No significant differences in the knowledge percentages were found among categories of menopausal status. “Pregnancy cannot occur after menopause” was the statement with the highest knowledge percentage (83.3%), while the lowest knowledge percentages were “risk of cardiovascular diseases increases with menopause’’ (23.1%), “MHT increases risk of breast cancer’’ (22.1%), and “MHT decreases risk of colon cancer’’ (13.9%). The knowledge of Emirati women about menopause, MHT, and related heart diseases was very low; therefore, an education campaign about menopause and MHT risks is needed to improve their knowledge for better coping with the symptoms.
Effective Photodynamic Therapy for Colon Cancer Cells Using Chlorin e6 Coated Hyaluronic Acid-Based Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Sundaram Prabhavathi , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: July 2020

Colon cancer is the third major cancer contributor to mortality worldwide. Nanosized particles have attracted attention due to their possible contribution towards cancer treatment and diagnosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer therapeutic modality that involves a light source, a photosensitizer and reactive oxygen species. Carbon nanotubes are fascinating nanocarriers for drug delivery, cancer diagnosis and numerous potential applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were coupled with hyaluronic acid (HA) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) coated on the walls of SWCNTs. The newly synthesized nanobiocomposite was characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform electron microscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), particle size analysis and zeta potential. The loading efficiency of the SWCNTs-HA for Ce6 was calculated. The toxicity of the nanobiocomposite was tested on colon cancer cells using PDT at a fluence of 5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2. After 24 h, cellular changes were observed via microscopy, LDH cytotoxicity assay and cell death induction using annexin propidium iodide. The results showed that the newly synthesized nanobiocomposite enhanced the ability of PDT to be a photosensitizer carrier and induced cell death in colon cancer cells.
The Fungal Iron Chelator Desferricoprogen Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation
Authors: Potor László , Sikura Katalin Éva , Hegedűs Hajnalka , Pethő Dávid , Szabó Zsuzsa , Szigeti Zsuzsa M , Pócsi István , Trencsényi György , Szikra Dezső , Garai Ildikó , Gáll Tamás , Combi Zsolt , Kappelmayer János , Balla György , Balla József
Published: July 2020

Hemoglobin, heme and iron are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated whether the hydrophobic fungal iron chelator siderophore, desferricoprogen (DFC) inhibits atherosclerosis. DFC reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE−/− mice on an atherogenic diet. It lowered the plasma level of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and inhibited lipid peroxidation in aortic roots. The elevated collagen/elastin content and enhanced expression of adhesion molecule VCAM-1 were decreased. DFC diminished oxidation of Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) and plaque lipids catalyzed by heme or hemoglobin. Formation of foam cells, uptake of oxLDL by macrophages, upregulation of CD36 and increased expression of TNF-α were reduced by DFC in macrophages. TNF-triggered endothelial cell activation (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), E-selectin) and increased adhesion of monocytes to endothelium were attenuated. The increased endothelial permeability and intracellular gap formation provoked by TNF-α was also prevented by DFC. DFC acted as a cytoprotectant in endothelial cells and macrophages challenged with a lethal dose of oxLDL and lowered the expression of stress-responsive heme oxygenase-1 as sublethal dose was employed. Saturation of desferrisiderophore with iron led to the loss of the beneficial effects. We demonstrated that DFC accumulated within the atheromas of the aorta in ApoE−/− mice. DFC represents a novel therapeutic approach to control the progression of atherosclerosis.
In Vitro Assessment of the Genotoxic Hazard of Novel Hydroxamic Acid- and Benzamide-Type Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi)
Authors: Friedrich Annabelle , Assmann Ann-Sophie , Schumacher Lena , Stuijvenberg Jana v. , Kassack Matthias U. , Schulz Wolfgang A. , Roos Wynand P. , Hansen Finn K. , Pflieger Marc , Kurz Thomas , Fritz Gerhard
Published: July 2020

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are already approved for the therapy of leukemias. Since they are also emerging candidate compounds for the treatment of non-malignant diseases, HDACi with a wide therapeutic window and low hazard potential are desirable. Here, we investigated a panel of 12 novel hydroxamic acid- and benzamide-type HDACi employing non-malignant V79 hamster cells as toxicology guideline-conform in vitro model. HDACi causing a ≥10-fold preferential cytotoxicity in malignant neuroblastoma over non-malignant V79 cells were selected for further genotoxic hazard analysis, including vorinostat and entinostat for control. All HDACi selected, (i.e., KSK64, TOK77, DDK137 and MPK77) were clastogenic and evoked DNA strand breaks in non-malignant V79 cells as demonstrated by micronucleus and comet assays, histone H2AX foci formation analyses (γH2AX), DNA damage response (DDR) assays as well as employing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-defective VC8 hamster cells. Genetic instability induced by hydroxamic acid-type HDACi seems to be independent of bulky DNA adduct formation as concluded from the analysis of nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficient mutants. Summarizing, KSK64 revealed the highest genotoxic hazard and DDR stimulating potential, while TOK77 and MPK77 showed the lowest DNA damaging capacity. Therefore, these compounds are suggested as the most promising novel candidate HDACi for subsequent pre-clinical in vivo studies.
Role of Inflammation in Pathophysiology of Colonic Disease: An Update
Authors: Nasef Noha Ahmed , Mehta Sunali
Published: July 2020

Diseases of the colon are a big health burden in both men and women worldwide ranging from acute infection to cancer. Environmental and genetic factors influence disease onset and outcome in multiple colonic pathologies. The importance of inflammation in the onset, progression and outcome of multiple colonic pathologies is gaining more traction as the evidence from recent research is considered. In this review, we provide an update on the literature to understand how genetics, diet, and the gut microbiota influence the crosstalk between immune and non-immune cells resulting in inflammation observed in multiple colonic pathologies. Specifically, we focus on four colonic diseases two of which have a more established association with inflammation (inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer) while the other two have a less understood relationship with inflammation (diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome).
Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases
Authors: Sirufo Maria Maddalena , De Pietro Francesca , Bassino Enrica Maria , Ginaldi Lia , De Martinis Massimo
Published: July 2020

Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a generalized skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and an alteration of the microarchitecture that lead to an increase in bone fragility and, therefore, an increased risk of fractures. It must be considered today as a true public health problem and the most widespread metabolic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Under physiological conditions, there is a balance between bone formation and bone resorption necessary for skeletal homeostasis. In pathological situations, this balance is altered in favor of osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption. During chronic inflammation, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption may be considerably affected, contributing to a net prevalence of osteoclastogenesis. Skin diseases are the fourth cause of human disease in the world, affecting approximately one third of the world’s population with a prevalence in elderly men. Inflammation and the various associated cytokine patterns are the basis of both osteoporosis and most skin pathologies. Moreover, dermatological patients also undergo local or systemic treatments with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants that could increase the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to bone health in these patients. The purpose of the present review is to take stock of the knowledge in this still quite unexplored field, despite the frequency of such conditions in clinical practice.
Lipidomic Biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Shafiee Mohamad Nasir , Ortori Catharine A. , Barrett David A. , Mongan Nigel P. , Abu Jafaru , Atiomo William
Published: July 2020

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more likely to develop endometrial cancer (EC). The molecular mechanisms which increase the risk of EC in PCOS are unclear. Derangements in lipid metabolism are associated with EC, but there have been no studies, investigating if this might increase the risk of EC in PCOS. This was a cross-sectional study of 102 women in three groups of 34 (PCOS, EC and controls) at Nottingham University Hospital, UK. All participants had clinical assessments, followed by obtaining plasma and endometrial tissue samples. Lipidomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and the obtained lipid datasets were screened using standard software and databases. Using multivariate data analysis, there were no common markers found for EC and PCOS. However, on univariate analyses, both PCOS and EC endometrial tissue samples showed a significant decrease in monoacylglycerol 24:0 and capric acid compared to controls. Further studies are required to validate these findings and investigate the potential role of monoacylglycerol 24:0 and capric acid in the link between PCOS with EC.
Eckol Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction during Suckling-to-Weaning Transition via Modulation of PDX1 and HBEGF
Authors: Lee Sang In , Kim In Ho
Published: July 2020

Maintaining intestinal health in livestock is critical during the weaning period. The precise mechanisms of intestinal dysfunction during this period are not fully understood, although these can be alleviated by phlorotannins, including eckol. This question was addressed by evaluating the changes in gene expression and intestinal function after eckol treatment during suckling-to-weaning transition. The biological roles of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in intestinal development were investigated by assessing intestinal wound healing and barrier functions, as well as the associated signaling pathways and oxidative stress levels. We identified 890 DEGs in the intestine, whose expression was altered by eckol treatment, including pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (PDX)1, which directly regulate heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF) expression in order to preserve intestinal barrier functions and promote wound healing through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and P38 signaling. Additionally, eckol alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress through PI3K/AKT, P38, and 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, improved growth, and reduced oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in pigs during the weaning period. Eckol modulates intestinal barrier functions, wound healing, and oxidative stress through PDX/HBEGF, and improves growth during the suckling-to-weaning transition. These findings suggest that eckol can be used as a feed supplement in order to preserve the intestinal functions in pigs and other livestock during this process.
Lipid Signaling in Ocular Neovascularization
Authors: Terao Ryo , Kaneko Hiroki
Published: July 2020

Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis play a crucial role in embryonic development. Pathological neovascularization in ocular tissues can lead to vision-threatening vascular diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, choroidal neovascularization, and corneal neovascularization. Neovascularization involves various cellular processes and signaling pathways and is regulated by angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Modulating these circuits may represent a promising strategy to treat ocular neovascular diseases. Lipid mediators derived from membrane lipids are abundantly present in most tissues and exert a wide range of biological functions by regulating various signaling pathways. In particular, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids exert potent pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic effects, according to the findings of numerous preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the regulation of ocular neovascularization by lipid mediators and their metabolites. A better understanding of the effects of lipid signaling in neovascularization may provide novel therapeutic strategies to treat ocular neovascular diseases and other human disorders.
The Differential Effect of Carbon Dots on Gene Expression and DNA Methylation of Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts as a Function of Surface Charge and Dose
Authors: Sima Michal , Vrbova Kristyna , Zavodna Tana , Honkova Katerina , Chvojkova Irena , Ambroz Antonin , Klema Jiri , Rossnerova Andrea , Polakova Katerina , Malina Tomas , Belza Jan , Topinka Jan , Rossner Pavel
Published: July 2020

This study presents a toxicological evaluation of two types of carbon dots (CD), similar in size (<10 nm) but differing in surface charge. Whole-genome mRNA and miRNA expression (RNAseq), as well as gene-specific DNA methylation changes, were analyzed in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL 12469) after 4 h and 24 h exposure to concentrations of 10 and 50 µg/mL (for positive charged CD; pCD) or 10 and 100 µg/mL (for negative charged CD, nCD). The results showed a distinct response for the tested nanomaterials (NMs). The exposure to pCD induced the expression of a substantially lower number of mRNAs than those to nCD, with few commonly differentially expressed genes between the two CDs. For both CDs, the number of deregulated mRNAs increased with the dose and exposure time. The pathway analysis revealed a deregulation of processes associated with immune response, tumorigenesis and cell cycle regulation, after exposure to pCD. For nCD treatment, pathways relating to cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, gene expression, and cycle regulation were detected. The expression of miRNAs followed a similar pattern: more pronounced changes after nCD exposure and few commonly differentially expressed miRNAs between the two CDs. For both CDs the pathway analysis based on miRNA-mRNA interactions, showed a deregulation of cancer-related pathways, immune processes and processes involved in extracellular matrix interactions. DNA methylation was not affected by exposure to any of the two CDs. In summary, although the tested CDs induced distinct responses on the level of mRNA and miRNA expression, pathway analyses revealed a potential common biological impact of both NMs independent of their surface charge.
Could Protons and Carbon Ions Be the Silver Bullets Against Pancreatic Cancer?
Authors: Huart Camille , Chen Jia-Wei , Le Calvé Benjamin , Michiels Carine , Wéra Anne-Catherine
Published: July 2020

Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive cancer type associated with one of the poorest prognostics. Despite several clinical trials to combine different types of therapies, none of them resulted in significant improvements for patient survival. Pancreatic cancers demonstrate a very broad panel of resistance mechanisms due to their biological properties but also their ability to remodel the tumour microenvironment. Radiotherapy is one of the most widely used treatments against cancer but, up to now, its impact remains limited in the context of pancreatic cancer. The modern era of radiotherapy proposes new approaches with increasing conformation but also more efficient effects on tumours in the case of charged particles. In this review, we highlight the interest in using charged particles in the context of pancreatic cancer therapy and the impact of this alternative to counteract resistance mechanisms.
Aquatic Mosses as Adaptable Bio-Filters for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Water
Authors: Papadia Paride , Barozzi Fabrizio , Migoni Danilo , Rojas Makarena , Fanizzi Francesco P. , Di Sansebastiano Gian-Pietro
Published: July 2020

Heavy metals (HMs) are released into the environment by many human activities and persist in water even after remediation. The efficient filtration of solubilized HMs is extremely difficult. Phytoremediation appears a convenient tool to remove HMs from polluted water, but it is limited by the choice of plants able to adapt to filtration of polluted water in terms of space and physiological needs. Biomasses are often preferred. Aquatic moss biomasses, thanks to gametophyte characteristics, can act as live filtering material. The potential for phytoremediation of Hypnales aquatic mosses has been poorly investigated compared to aquatic macrophytes. Their potential is usually indicated as a tool for bioindication and environmental monitoring more than for pollutant removal. When phytoremediation has been considered, insufficient attention has been paid to the adaptability of biomasses to different needs. In this study the heavy metal uptake of moss Taxiphyllum barbieri grown in two different light conditions, was tested with high concentrations of elements such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Cr. This moss produces dense mats with few culture needs. The experimental design confirmed the capacity of the moss to accumulate HMs accordingly to their physiology and then demonstrated that a significant proportion of HMs was accumulated within a few hours. In addition to the biosorption effect, an evident contribution of the active simplistic mass can be evidenced. These reports of HM accumulation within short time intervals, show how this moss is particularly suitable as an adaptable bio-filter, representing a new opportunity for water eco-sustainable remediation.
Effects of Lipids and Lipoproteins on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Used in Cardiac Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsiung , Kang Lin , Feng Wen-Han , Cheng Tsung-Lin , Tsai Wei-Chung , Huang Hsuan-Ti , Lee Hsiang-Chun , Chen Chung-Hwan
Published: July 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have two characteristics of interest for this paper: the ability to self-renew, and the potential for multiple-lineage differentiation into various cells. MSCs have been used in cardiac tissue regeneration for over a decade. Adult cardiac tissue regeneration ability is quite low; it cannot repair itself after injury, as the heart cells are replaced by fibroblasts and lose function. It is therefore important to search for a feasible way to repair and restore heart function through stem cell therapy. Stem cells can differentiate and provide a source of progenitor cells for cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and supporting cells. Studies have shown that the concentrations of blood lipids and lipoproteins affect cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity. Furthermore, the MSC lipid profiles, such as the triglyceride and cholesterol content, have been revealed by lipidomics, as well as their correlation with MSC differentiation. Abnormal blood lipids can cause serious damage to internal organs, especially heart tissue. In the past decade, the accumulated literature has indicated that lipids/lipoproteins affect stem cell behavior and biological functions, including their multiple lineage capability, and in turn affect the outcome of regenerative medicine. This review will focus on the effect of lipids/lipoproteins on MSC cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as the effect of lipid-lowering drugs in promoting cardiomyogenesis-associated MSC differentiation.
Indonesian Ginger (Bangle) Extract Promotes Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells through WNT Pathway Activation
Authors: Hirano Kazumi , Kubo Miwa , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu , Namihira Masakazu
Published: July 2020

Indonesian ginger (Zingiber purpureum Rosc.), also known as Bangle, exhibits neurotrophic effects on cultured murine cortical neurons and in the adult mouse brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) as a model system for in vitro human neurogenesis, we show that Bangle extracts activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling. Bangle extract-treatment of hfNSCs not only promoted neuronal differentiation, but also accelerated neurite outgrowth from immature neurons. Furthermore, Bangle extracts induced expression of neurogenic genes and WNT signaling-target genes, and facilitated the accumulation of β-catenin in nuclei of hfNSC. Interestingly, altered histone modifications were also observed in Bangle-treated hfNSCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that Bangle contributes to hfNSC neurogenesis by WNT pathway and epigenetic regulation.