bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Receptive Field Tuning Properties in Mouse Binocular Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Tan Liming , Ringach Dario L. , Trachtenberg Joshua T.
Published: March 2022

The mouse primary visual cortex is a model system for understanding the relationship between cortical structure, function, and behavior (Seabrook et al., 2017; Chaplin and Margrie, 2020; Hooks and Chen, 2020; Saleem, 2020; Flossmann and Rochefort, 2021). Binocular neurons in V1 are the cellular basis of binocular vision, which is required for predation (Scholl et al., 2013; Hoy et al., 2016; La Chioma et al., 2020; Berson, 2021; Johnson et al., 2021). The normal development of binocular responses, however, has not been systematically measured. Here, we measure tuning properties of neurons to either eye in awake mice of either sex from eye opening to the closure of the critical period. At eye opening, we find an adult-like fraction of neurons responding to the contralateral-eye stimulation, which are selective for orientation and spatial frequency; few neurons respond to ipsilateral eye, and their tuning is immature. Fraction of ipsilateral-eye responses increases rapidly in the first few days after eye opening and more slowly thereafter, reaching adult levels by critical period closure. Tuning of these responses improves with a similar time course. The development and tuning of binocular responses parallel that of ipsilateral-eye responses. Four days after eye opening, monocular neurons respond to a full range of orientations but become more biased to cardinal orientations. Binocular responses, by contrast, lose their cardinal bias with age. Together, these data provide an in-depth accounting of the development of monocular and binocular responses in the binocular region of mouse V1 using a consistent set of visual stimuli and measurements.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this manuscript, we present a full accounting of the emergence and refinement of monocular and binocular receptive field tuning properties of thousands of pyramidal neurons in mouse primary visual cortex. Our data reveal new features of monocular and binocular development that revise current models on the emergence of cortical binocularity. Given the recent interest in visually guided behaviors in mice that require binocular vision (e.g., predation), our measures will provide the basis for studies on the emergence of the neural circuitry guiding these behaviors.
Activity of Spinal Interneurons during Forward and Backward Locomotion
Authors: Musienko Pavel E. , Lyalka Vladimir F. , Gorskii Oleg V. , Zelenin Pavel V. , Deliagina Tatiana G.
Published: March 2022

Higher vertebrates are capable not only of forward but also backward and sideways locomotion. Also, single steps in different directions are generated for postural corrections. While the networks responsible for the control of forward walking (FW) have been studied in considerable detail, the networks controlling steps in other directions are mostly unknown. Here, to characterize the operation of the spinal locomotor network during FW and backward walking (BW), we recorded the activity of individual spinal interneurons from L4 to L6 during both FW and BW evoked by epidural stimulation (ES) of the spinal cord at L5–L6 in decerebrate cats of either sex. Three groups of neurons were revealed. Group 1 (45%) had a similar phase of modulation during both FW and BW. Group 2 (27%) changed the phase of modulation in the locomotor cycle depending on the direction of locomotion. Group 3 neurons were modulated during FW only (Group 3a, 21%) or during BW only (Group 3b, 7%). We suggest that Group 1 neurons belong to the network generating the vertical component of steps (the limb elevation and lowering) because it should operate similarly during locomotion in any direction, while Groups 2 and 3 neurons belong to the networks controlling the direction of stepping. Results of this study provide new insights into the organization of the spinal locomotor circuits, advance our understanding of ES therapeutic effects, and can potentially be used for the development of novel strategies for recuperation of impaired balance control, which requires the generation of corrective steps in different directions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimals and humans can perform locomotion in different directions in relation to the body axis (forward, backward, sideways). While the networks that control forward walking have been studied in considerable detail, the networks controlling steps in other directions are unknown. Here, by recording the activity of the same spinal neurons during forward and backward walking, we revealed three groups of neurons forming, respectively, the network operating similarly during stepping in different directions, the network changing its operation with a change in the direction of stepping, and the network operating only during locomotion in a specific direction. These networks presumably control different aspects of the step. The obtained results provide new insights into the organization of the spinal locomotor networks.
Toward Market Leninism in North Korea
Authors: Greitens Sheena Chestnut , Silberstein Benjamin Katzeff
Published: March 2022

Current scholarship on marketization from below in North Korea emphasizes the increased influence of private actors, and portrays this process as eroding state control. While these accounts are largely accurate, they risk overlooking significant policy responses on the part of North Korea’s leadership. Over the course of the past decade, the regime under Kim Jong Un has actively pursued a political-economic model that attempts to institutionalize market activity under strengthened party-state political control. In doing so, the DPRK is hewing toward a model of “market Leninism” or “party-state capitalism” akin to that pursued by contemporary China and Vietnam, rather than that of the Soviet Union or Eastern Europe. By placing North Korea’s political economy in this framework, we can better understand the two key imperatives that have characterized Kim Jong Un’s rule: institutionalization of market mechanisms and strengthened political control.
Committed Commenting and the Virtual Visage: Contextualizing Sorority Social Media Encounters
Authors: Portman Jack
Published: March 2022

This article addresses the ways in which collegiate sorority women deploy sorority-specific aesthetic cues to construct socially acceptable and recognizable presentations of themselves online. I suggest that sorority members initiate and invite social media interaction as a means of parlaying their own media posts into discursive sites, thereby participating in a complex and considerably stratified economy of display and recognition. Sorority members also exert social capital through public demonstrations of social network linkages— demonstrations which can only be performed successfully if one maintains legitimacy and good standing within the media economy. I probe the implications of theorizing social media posting (particularly to the digital media platform Instagram) as a communal art creation practice that strengthens group social linkages and reifies communally observed aesthetic guidelines. I also address the stylistic and discursive regimens that shape expectations of media presentation, contrasting these practices with the comparatively candid and informal presentation styles exemplified in Fake Instagram (“finsta”) posting behaviors.
Halal Tourism and Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia: Error Correction Model
Authors: Layali Rahmatun , Suriani Suriani
Published: March 2022

This study aims to look at how the number of tourists and the exchange rate affects Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves before and after the implementation of halal tourism from 2010 to 2019 (monthly). The Paired t-Test model was used to look at the differences in Indonesia before and after halal tourism. By examining the short and long-term effects of tourist numbers and currency rates on foreign exchange reserves using the Error Correction Model. Halal tourism, according to the research, helps Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. The exchange rate has a negative impact on foreign exchange reserves in this situation. Meanwhile, the number of international visitors has a favourable impact on both short- and long-term foreign exchange reserves. It demonstrates that the tourism sector, particularly halal tourism, can be one of the supporting sectors in increasing the country's foreign exchange, encouraging the government to implement policies to support its tourism industry.How to Cite:Rahmatun, L., & Suriani. (2022). Halal Tourism and Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia: Erroc Correction Model. Etikonomi, 21(1), 177-192. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.19616.
Rapid changes in birth counts in Brazilian major cities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lima Everton C. , Soares Camila F. , Monteiro da Silva José H. C.
Published: March 2022

Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, Brazil has been among the countries that have been heavily affected by this novel disease. From March 2020 onwards, records of deaths in Brazil increased as the number of COVID-19 infections skyrocketed. Consequently, many studies have tried to explain how this illness has affected the overall number of deaths since the start of the pandemic, and have examined the question of whether mortality related to COVID-19 has led to reductions in life expectancy. However, at the time of writing, there have been few empirical analyses of the effects of the pandemic on births. In this study, we sought to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the recent birth counts of six large cities in Brazil by assessing the most up-to-date vital statistics data that are available. Using data from the municipal health departments of these cities, we compared the number of monthly births from October–December 2020 and January–March 2021 with the number of new-borns in similar months and years before the pandemic. Our results show that there was a strong decline in the number of births in some of the cities analysed, and that most of the reductions occurred among women around the age of 30 years old. It appears that because of the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, women have been postponing or foregoing the realisation of their fertility intentions, which may have led to a temporary baby bust in some cities of Brazil. However, the COVID-19 pandemic was not found to be associated with faster reductions in births in all Brazilian cities. Indeed, in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, the decreasing trend in birth counts appears to have slowed down, or even reversed.
Regional COVID-19 mortality in Brazil by age
Authors: Baptista Emerson A. , Queiroz Bernardo L. , Lima Everton E. C.
Published: March 2022

In this study, we use ternary color-coding to visualize and compare the age structure of deaths from COVID-19 in Brazilian meso-regions using the tricolore package in R, in two different phases of the pandemic. The analysis of the age profile is important to better understand the dynamics of the pandemic, and how it has affected the population over age 25, according to age groups (25–59, 60–79 and >80 years) and subpopulations of the country. The analysis focuses on the first wave of the pandemic, until the end of 2020, and the more recent wave. Overall, the results suggest that when the two recent waves of the pandemic are compared, different spatial patterns in the distribution of deaths across the country by sex and by age emerge. While the distribution of deaths is found to be concentrated at older ages, we also observe in the more recent period some areas of the country with a concentration of deaths among younger adults. The analysis further indicates that even in areas with a younger population age structure, which could act as a protective factor against complications, the age pattern of mortality is very heterogeneous, and we do not find a clearly defined age and spatial pattern. Our results highlight the importance of looking at the distribution of COVID-19 mortality across small areas, and show that there are many different levels of the pandemic in Brazil at the same time, rather than just one.
COMPARISON BETWEEN NORSODYNE AND TRADITIONAL PLASTINATION MATERIALS
Authors: Stoyanov J. , Georgieva A. , Tsandev N. , Sivrev D.
Published: March 2022

Background: Norsodyne is a new material which initially is semiliquid, but under the action of a hardener is solid and transparent, and stays in this state interminable. Therefore, it is comparable to the BiodurP35 and BiodurP40 products that are used to make brain sheets. According to the manufacturers, Norsodyne H 13212 TAE that we use, is unsaturated polyester resin in styrene with low styrene emission for general purpose. We take for granted that in solid form. Comparison: Biodur P35 and P40 (BiodurTM, Heidelberg, Germany) are Polyester Co-polymers. The dehydrated brain plates are impregnated with this material and then solidified under UV light. The process lasts for 2 to 8 weeks. The final preparations are transparent, solid and safe for human health. Inclusion of the anatomical material in Norsodyne takes just a few minutes, and curing takes 15 to 30 minutes. The final preparations are transparent and solid too. We have no final data that Norsodyne is safe for human health. Conclusion: Due to the rapid production and high quality of the obtained with Norsodyne anatomical preparations, they can be used for anatomy training at medical universities, but after establishment of their safety.
HIGH LIPID DIET MODEL AND THE EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-4
Authors: Pencheva M. , Koeva Y. , Dimitrov I.
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the expression of inflammatory marker -IL-4 in visceral adipose tissue, testis, and blood serum when experimentally presented for obesity in rats.
METHODS: We used a high-lipid diet model leading to the development of obesity in rats. 50 male Wistar rats were used. They were divided into two groups - control group (C) - fed with standard rodent food - experimental group (E) - fed high lipid diet for a period of 4 weeks. Blood, visceral adipose tissue and testis were collected after the end of the experimental period. For the determination of IL-4 in the testis and visceral adipose tissue, we used the immunohistochemical method and in the blood serum the ELISA method.
RESULTS: We detected that IL-4 is increased in the control group blood serum, adipose tissue, testis (the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial cells) of the control group compared to the experimental group.
CONCLUSION: Тhe study shows that obesity leads to the generation of complex and multilayered interactions between adipocytes, IL-4 and germ cells with adverse effects on the germinal epithelium of the testicle.
HYPOPLASIA OF THE FACIAL ARTERY SUBSTITUTED BY TRANSVERSE FACIAL ARTERY
Authors: Yotova N. , Novakov S. , Fasova A. , Timonov P.
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE. The facial artery is one of the main arteries which supply the face with blood. The different types have been researched not only for anatomical purposes but also to facilitate the different medical specialties. METHODS AND RESULTS. Our team found an unusual case of a facial artery with smaller lumen. The region, which it supplies, is partially substituted by the transverse facial artery. In the observed course the facial artery had a considerably smaller caliber than usual. After it appears on the surface of the face it divides into two untypical branches - anterior and superior. Contrariwise the transverse facial artery has a significantly bigger lumen. The separate branches, which usually originate from the facial artery, here arise from the aforementioned artery. CONCLUSIONS. These types of anatomical variations are very important for muscle and skin flaps in plastic surgery of the face. Every deviation from the normal anatomy of the main blood vessels can also lead to errors in invasive surgery procedures and medical imaging. The vascularization of the face and its variations is subject for many different disciplines.
STUDY OF THE FACIAL MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG BULGARIANS WITH 3D LASER SCAN
Authors: Ts. Petleshkova Ts. Petleshkova , Manev H. , Sivkov S. , Timonov P. , Baltadjiev A. , Raycheva R.
Published: March 2022

AIM: The aim of study was to make a cephalometric characterization of young Bulgarians using 3D laser scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 46 males and 49 females of Bulgarian origin aged 21-30 years. Three-dimensional images were obtained using a hand-held laser scanner (FastSCAN Cobra, Polhemus Inc., Colchester VT). A set of probing points on the obtained images were used to make certain facial measurements: morphological face height, physiognomical upper facial height, lower face height. The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: The facial measurements were significantly greater in males than in females. For morphological facial height most of the individuals were in very high category. For physiognomical upper facial height majority of males were in category high and females in moderate high. Regarding lower facial height most of the individuals were assessed as metriognath. CONCLUSION: The data obtained characterizing facial morphology can be used as criteria in genetic disorders diagnosis and outcome assessment in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.
Faktor dan Strategi Fundamentalisme Agama pada Mahasiswa Muslim
Authors: Azizah Nur'aini , Sopian Mohamad , Buana Prasojo Chandra
Published: March 2022

Religious-based conflicts often occurred in a country where certain religion became majority. This is an important thing to identify because it will greatly determine the welfare of the people and tolerance in the community. This study aims to explore influential factors and strategies of religious fundamentalism. The method used was qualitative approach. A set of open-ended questions was distributed to 47 Muslim university students in Bandung. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that religiocentrism and identity can be the influential factors of religious fundamentalism. Also, they tend to use persuasive approach, religion-based learning, and internalization to implement the fundamentalism. This study contributes to the individual formation of religious fundamentalism, particularly in the context of Indonesian university students.
Peran Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kesejahteraan Karyawan Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Bandung
Authors: Wangi Eneng Nurlaili , Fahmi Irfan , Lutfiani Siti Mutya
Published: March 2022

This studi aims to examine the effect of organizational commitment on employees' well-being. This causality research involvig 721 respondents recruited using simple random sampling. Organizational commitment was measured using Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) based on the concept from Meyer and Allen, while well-being was measured using instrument developed by Butler and Kern. The results show that affective and normative organizational commitment did not affected well-being, while continuance organizational commitment has a significant effect on well-being. Employees with affective-based organizational commitment show different behavior compared to continuance- and normative-based. This commitment made the employees choose to continue the job by considering how comfortable they work, which is related to their well-being.
Marital Horizon: Studi Komparatif pada Dewasa Awal dengan Orang Tua Bercerai dan Utuh
Authors: Andriyani Fitri , Novianti Langgersari Elsari
Published: March 2022

This study aims to compare the views of adolescents with divorced and complete parents on marriage. Using comparative method, the view on marriage was measured by marital horizon with additional open questions on learned criteria from parents' marriage. Through convenience sampling, the participants recruited were 319 adolescents aged between 21 and 28 years old live in Bandung with condition of divorced parents and complete parents. The descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney test show that there are differences on prioritizing marriage and the ideal age to get married. However, there is no differences on ideal age differences in marriage and criteria that should be prepared before marriage. Also, this study found religious affiliation as a criterion that should be prepared marriage and it is what they learned from their parents' marriage.
Peningkatan Penyesuaian Diri Remaja Panti Asuhan melalui Pelatihan Regulasi Emosi
Authors: Aqila Fikri Yumna , Prihartanti Nanik , Asyanti Setia
Published: March 2022

This study ains to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training to increase self adjustment. The research method used experiment with pretest posttest control group design. The participants were 20 young orphans, grouped into experimental and control group with 10 participants for each group obtained through matching method. The participants were given pretest, posttest, and follow up using self adjustment scale reviewed by expert judgment. The Mann Whitney U Test shows that there are significant differences on self adjustment between experimental and control group. The Wilcoxon test shows that there is a significant increase of self adjustment score on experimental group after the training was given. Thus, the emotion regulation training was effective to improve youth's self adjustment who live in the orphanage.
Peran Mindset terhadap Resiliensi Keluarga pada Dewasa Awal
Authors: Edwina O. Irene Prameswari , Sembiring Tessalonika
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the role of mindset on family resilience. This study used quantitative approach with correlational design. The participants were 275 adolescents. The mindset instrument was based in Dweck theory (20 items), while family resilience was measured using modification of Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (35 items). The data was analyzed using simple linear regression. The results show that the family resilience was predicted by mindset for 37.10%. The higher growth mindset, the higher the family resilience. Future research can explore other factors influencing family resilience formation and how family develop growth mindset.
Możliwości wykorzystania słomy jako lokalnego paliwa na obszarze województwa podkarpackiego
Authors:   Zakład Podstaw Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Odpadami, Kolegium Nauk Przyrodniczych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Sudoł Magdalena , Zapałowska Anita ,   Zakład Podstaw Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Odpadami, Kolegium Nauk Przyrodniczych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska
Published: March 2022

Using straw through its use in the energy sector is the optimal solution, with many advantages. The article presents the possibilities of using straw for energy purposes in Podkarpackie Province. The analysis was performed in 21 districts of Podkarpackie Province. The production, agricultural demand, surplus and energy potential of straw were estimated. The study showed that surplus for energy purposes is equal to 256 408 tones which could provide 2,666,644 GJ energy anually. The highest energy potential of straw was recorded in the following districts: łańcucki, dębicki, ropczycko-sędziszowski, jarosławski and przemyski. While the lowest energy potential is characterised by bieszczadzki, niżański and tarnobrzeski districts.
Biogazownie w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich na przykładzie województwa podlaskiego
Authors:   Politechnika Białostocka, Wydział Budownictwa i Nauk o Środowisku, Katedra Technologii w Inżynierii Środowiska, Polska, Kiryluk Aleksander
Published: March 2022

One of the causes of climate change is high exhaust emissions from combined heat and power plants and many case furnaces. In order to release these verbal energy sources, gradually switch to the production of electricity from renewable sources (RES). Hence, there are many sources of renewable energy. The article presents the possibility of obtaining energy from agricultural substrates. One of the methods is the production of biogas in the methane fermentation process in agricultural biogas plants. For the production of biogas in agricultural biogas plants in agricultural biogas is maize silage, slurry, and other waste from agriculture and agri-food processing. 9 biogas plants are registered in the Podlaskie Voivodship, producing about 9.5 million m3 of biogas, allowing for the production of 7.695 MWe. The substrates in these biogas plants are mainly maize and agricultural waste (slurry). The positive effects of cultivating plants for energy purposes, as well as the impact of monoculture perennial crops on the agricultural cultivation of agrocenoses were indicated.
Ocena możliwości wykorzystania popiołów ze spalania biomasy w rekultywacji biologicznej
Authors:   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie, Wydział Górnictwa i Geoinżynierii, Katedra Inżynierii Środowiska, Polska, Kojder Klaudia , Śliwka Małgorzata ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie, Wydział Górnictwa i Geoinżynierii, Katedra Inżynierii Środowiska, Polska
Published: March 2022

Energy waste generated as a result of fuel combustion is a significant environmental problem, due to its physicochemical properties and a large amount of this waste. Fly ash and bottom ash from lignite and coal combustion are used in various fields of the economy. Ashes from biomass combustion, due to their properties, have not yet found such wide application. The article discusses the preliminary experiments related to the assessment of the properties of fluidized ashes from biomass combustion in terms of their natural use.
Właściwości paliwowe komunalnych osadów ściekowych jako odnawialnego źródła energii
Authors:   Zespół Gospodarki Odpadami, Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Wydział Instalacji Budowlanych, Hydrotechniki i Inżynierii Środowiska, Politechnika Warszawska, Polska, Staśkiewicz Marcin , Lelicińska-Serafin Krystyna ,   Zespół Gospodarki Odpadami, Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Wydział Instalacji Budowlanych, Hydrotechniki i Inżynierii Środowiska, Politechnika Warszawska, Polska
Published: March 2022

The technological properties of municipal sewage sludge indicate various possibilities of its management. They also have potential for use as a renewable energy source. The paper uses own research on the fuel properties of municipal sewage sludge, analyses the results of the research, assesses the potential of the sewage sludge as a renewable energy source and indicates the possibilities of its management. The research shows high values of combustion heat and high content of total organic matter in the analysed sewage sludge.
Biblijne motywacje ekologiczne
Authors:   Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, professor emeritus, Polska, Kasprzak Krzysztof
Published: March 2022

The preparation of the essay was preceded by a statement: nature is something important to man, even sacred. There are also many arguments in the Bible. Bibliographic material was completed, including the study of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. After formulating the research problem, the motivations for activities related to the protection of nature and biblical instructions were considered.
Modeling the Dynamics of Collective Behavior in a Reflexive Game with an Arbitrary Number of Leaders
Authors: Algazin Gennady , Algazina Daria
Published: March 2022

An oligopoly with an arbitrary number of Stackelberg leaders under incomplete, asymmetrical agents' awareness and inadequacy of their predictions of competitors' actions is considered. Models of individual decision-making processes by agents are studied. The reflexive games theory and collective behavior theory are the theoretical basis for construction and analytical study process models. They complement each other in that reflexive games allow using the collective behavior procedures and the results of agents' reflections, leading to a Nash equilibrium. The dynamic decision-making process considered repeated static games on a range of agents' feasible responses to the expected actions of the environment, considering current economic restrictions and competitiveness in each game. Each reflexive agent in each game calculates its current goal position and changes its state, taking steps towards the current position of the goal to obtain positive profit or minimize losses. Sufficient conditions for the convergence of processes in discrete time for the case of linear costs of agents and linear demand is the main result of this work. New analytical expressions for the agents' current steps' ranges guarantee the convergence of the collective behavior models to static Nash equilibrium is obtained. That allows each agent to maximize their profit, assuming common knowledge among the agents. The processes when the agent chooses their best response are also analyzed. The latter may not give converging trajectories. The case of the duopoly in comparison with modern results is discussed in detail. Necessary mathematical lemmas, statements, and their proofs are presented.
Reliability based modeling of the performance of solar plants with multistate PV modules
Authors: ESEMEN Melek , GURLER Selma
Published: March 2022

Solar energy is widely used as a renewable energy source in the world. Photovoltaic modules are the main components of a photovoltaic system to generate the solar power from the solar radiation. The photovoltaic modules may have multistate working conditions and different performance levels depending on the solar radiation. Each component can be in different states, namely, complete failure, partial working, and perfect functioning. In this study, we present a model for solar power systems with PV modules having various levels of operational performance. We develop a reliability model for the system's power regarding the $m$ threshold value that is the minimum required total performance level for the system. This model reflects the performance levels of PV modules and working probabilities of modules. The problem is considered under different conditions regarding the dependency of two types of multistate PV modules. Two numerical examples are also conducted to evaluate the reliability and power generated by two solar plants located in two different regions. Beta and Weibull distributions are used for the numerical calculations to differ solar radiation regimes in the regions.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN THE FORMATION OF COMPOUND FEED RECIPES FOR DECORATIVE BIRDS AND SINGING BIRDS AND TECHNOLOGY OF COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION FOR THEM
Authors: Bordun T. , Iegorov B.
Published: March 2022

The share of compound feeds for unproductive pets in the compound feed markets of the world is growingevery year. In Europe, decorative and songbird birds are the third largest pet population (cats and dogs being numbersone and two, pectively), according to FEDIAF data, with 51.87 million decorative birds in all of Europe (37.23 millionof those in the European Union) in 2019.Decorative and songbirds need complete feeding to maintain life and health. Today, owners of decorative andsongbirds have a wide range of ready-made food, which allows them to make the right choice of appropriate feedingregime for their pets. Analyzing the market of feed for decorative and songbirds, we saw that a significant part of it isimported feed, while the range of domestic feed in the Ukrainian market is very small and does not always meet marketrequirements and can not compete. However, the presented compound feeds can hardly be called complete, as they aremainly different types of feed mixtures, which include, depending on the price category, different types of components:from cereals and ending with different nuts and dried fruits.Compound feed should contain all the components necessary for energy production, growth, tissueregeneration, as well as to regulate metabolism. Complete feed for decorative and songbirds must contain a certainamount of all nutrients and biologically active substances. Factors such as age, general health, breeding season,growth, molting, housing conditions and even the season should also be considered.To date, there are a number of issues that need to improve our knowledge of the nutrient and biologicallyactive needs of each species of decorative and songbird, including the characteristics of feed materials, the amount ofenergy, digestibility of feed and the content of nutrients and biologically active substances.In this regard, it is necessary to study each class of nutrients and biologically active substances and features ofthe formation of compound feed recipes, taking into account the need for decorative and songbirds. To study in detailthe functional purpose of nutrients and biologically active substances, symptoms that occur in the body of decorativeand songbirds in their absence or excess in the feed, as well as their sources and minimum needs of birds duringreproduction, growth and maintenance of healthy birds.To meet the forage needs of decorative and songbirds when kept in captivity, one of the most effective methodsis to create complete feed by using innovative technologies (for example, in the form of crumbs or a blend of crumbsobtained by extrusion). This will provide an opportunity to meet both the behavioral and feeding needs of birds.
Atividade fungitóxica in vitro do óleo essencial de capim limão (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf) e controle de Rhizoctonia solani em plantas de alface (Lactuca sativa L.), cultivar maravilha quatro estações
Authors: Dias Pedro Paulo , Fernandes Maria do Carmo de Araújo , Aguiar Luiz Augusto de , Abboud Antônio Carlos de Souza , Morenz Elizabeth Frota
Published: March 2022

RESUMO O óleo essencial de capim limão (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), obtido por arraste a vapor, foi avaliado, em diferentes concentrações, na ação antimicrobiana in vitro a Rhizoctonia solani Kühn e no efeito fitotóxico na germinação de sementes de alface da cultivar Maravilha Quatro Estações. Também foi testado em tratamentos de substrato comercial (pré ou pós infestado artificialmente por R. solani), visando o controle de tombamento ou damping off em plantas de alface (Lactuca sativa L.), em condições de casa de vegetação. A inibição total in vitro do patógeno ocorreu a partir da concentração de 0,25% e nesta concentração, o óleo essencial de capim limão não prejudicou a porcentagem de plântulas normais de alface. Ainda nesta concentração, verificou-se que apresenta alta atividade no controle de R. solani e do tombamento de plantas de alface. A partir destes resultados, observam-se evidências positivas do uso potencial do óleo essencial de capim limão para controle de patógenos do solo.
Identification of sida micrantha mosaic virus as the causal agent of common mosaic in cotton in Goiás
Authors: Hoffmann Lúcia Vieira , Inoue-Nagata Alice Kazuko , Vaz Laísa Nogueira Allem , Barroso Paulo Augusto Vianna , Faria Josias Correa de
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Detection and molecular identification of viruses are fundamental to define control strategies against viral diseases, particularly for whitefly-transmitted viruses. Cotton (Gossypium) plants showing leaf mosaic symptoms and yield reduction were observed in commercial cultivars (G. hirsutum) and in plants of the cotton germplasm collection of Embrapa maintained in the field (G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. mustelinum). DNA was extracted from cotton plants with symptoms of mosaic and interveinal chlorosis, and a begomovirus-specific genome was amplified with degenerated universal primers, which indicated their association with a begomovirus. This virus was identified as an isolate of sida micrantha mosaic virus (SiMMV) after the amplicon sequencing. The virus could not be transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1) to cotton plants when the latter were used as inoculum source under protected cultivation house, suggesting a complex interaction among viruses, plants and vectors.
Respuesta de variedades de chile a la infección con Tomato brown rugose fruit virus
Authors: Ortiz-Martínez Luis Enrique , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo , Rojas-Martínez Reyna Isabel , Aranda-Ocampo Sergio , Cruz Manuel Ángel Gómez
Published: March 2022

RESUMEN El Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) es un virus emergente que amenaza la producción de tomate y chile en todo el mundo. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la infección del ToBRFV en la morfología de la planta y calidad de frutos en ocho variedades de chile y proponer una escala diagramática para evaluar la severidad en hojas infectadas considerando el porcentaje de área foliar afectada. Se probaron 16 tratamientos, que incluyeron ocho variedades de chile y dos condiciones experimentales (inoculado y no inoculado). Cinco días después del trasplante, cada variedad de chile se inoculó mecánicamente con ToBRFV y se evaluaron variables morfológicas y de calidad de frutos. La comparación de medias de cada variedad inoculada versus no inoculada se realizó con la prueba t-Student (P ≤ 0.05) para grupos independientes. El ToBRFV infectó a todas las variedades inoculadas ocasionando lesiones locales necróticas, clorosis, mosaico, moteado, necrosis de tallo, ampulación, deformación, enrollamiento y necrosis de hoja; asimismo, se observaron plantas asintomáticas. El ToBRFV afectó significativamente la altura, número de entrenudos, número de flores, peso fresco de raíz, peso promedio de fruto, número de semillas y diámetro polar-ecuatorial del fruto. La variedad chile habanero mostró la menor severidad, mientras que la mayor severidad se observó en la variedad de chile serrano ‘Tampiqueño’.
Postcolonial movement and philosophies of diference: a minimal map
Authors: Mota Thiago
Published: March 2022

Abstract: This paper discusses the relation between the philosophies of difference and the so-called postcolonial movement of thought. Our main sources are, on the side of the postcolonial studies, Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, and Homi Bhabha and, on the side of the philosophies of difference, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari. We show that the authors belonging to the postcolonial movement are, to large extent, heirs of a way of thought already practiced by the philosophers of difference. However, the postcolonial authors also reinforce the conceptual apparatus of the philosophies of difference with original contributions and, above all, an attentive consideration of the problem of colonial difference, which remains a big gap for critical thought. Regarding that, with no intention of approaching in depth the singularity and complexity of the ideas of each of the mentioned authors, we draw a minimal map of the points where the philosophies of difference and the postcolonial thought intercept each other. This map also shows points where the postcolonial movement complements the perspective of the philosophies of difference, precisely addressing one of its blind spots: the colonial question.
La Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en Venezuela: anotaciones sobre sus fundamentos, estado actual y perspectivas
Authors: Ruíz Samuel H. Carvajal
Published: March 2022

RESUMEN El propósito de este aporte es analizar reflexivamente algunos aspectos del decurso histórico de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) en Venezuela. Para este esfuerzo se hurgó, brevemente, en las orientaciones doctrinarias del proyecto pedagógico venezolano actual, atendiendo a las contribuciones del maestro Simón Rodríguez y El Libertador, Simón Bolívar, como pilares fundamentales en el entramado teleológico de dicho proyecto. Asimismo, se exponen las bases políticas y jurídicas de la educación del país, el panorama de garantías sociales que ofrece el marco constitucional vigente, que sirve de fundamento a las políticas educativas en general y, en particular, a la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA). Finalmente, se describen algunos programas que atienden en la actualidad las necesidades educativas de este vigoroso colectivo social.
Eletroatividade para peróxido de hidrogênio de um filme de sílica aminofuncionalizada contendo nanoclusters de silicotungstato
Authors: Paula Julia Helena de , Margarido Victória de Oliveira , Souza Adriano Lopes de
Published: March 2022

RESUMO O Peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) é um poderoso agente oxidante usado, por exemplo, em processos oxidativos avançados e biossensores de glicose. Embora a reação de eletroredução de H2O2 tenha sido estudada usando nanoclusters de polioxometalatos (POMs) como eletrocatalisadores, não há dados disponíveis na literatura relatando tal estudo usando nanoclusters de POMs imobilizados em materiais híbridos como silicato modificado organicamente (ormosil) pelo processo sol-gel. Neste estudo, as propriedades eletrocatalíticas de um filme de ormosil híbrido contendo 3-aminopropiltrietóxissilano (APTS) e ácido silicotúngstico (HSiW), um POM do tipo Keggin, para H2O2 foram avaliadas. Experimentos de voltametria cíclica verificaram que H2O2 foi eletrorreduzido por este filme de ormosil híbrido em – 0,17 V vs. Ag/AgCl em meio ácido, pH 3,0, e na faixa de concentração de 4,6 x 10−4 mol L−1 a 2,3 x 10−3 mol L−1. O espectro de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 31P indicou que os clusters de HSiW mantiveram suas estruturas íntegras na rede ormosil. O espectro de absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier demonstrou que HSiW e a rede ormosil interagem por meio de interações eletrostáticas. Os resultados apresentados aqui mostram que o ormosil híbrido com APTS e HSiW pode contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do campo de detecção/identificação de H2O2.
USE OF DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODOLOGIES TO ESTIMATE STEM BIOMASS ACCUMULATION AND CARBON STOCK IN AN EUCALYPTUS FOREST
Authors: Schettini Bruno Leão Said , Jacovine Laércio Antônio Gonçalves , Torres Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira , Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Villanova Paulo Henrique , Rocha Samuel José Silva Soares da , Rufino Maria Paula Miranda Xavier , Oliveira Neto Silvio Nolasco de , Morais Júnior Vicente Toledo Machado de
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Predicting wood biomass and carbon stock contents in planted forests can vary due to limitations associated with the measurement of parameters. Therefore, reducing possible errors generated over biomass and carbon stock quantification is an important step in obtaining reliable data. The study aimed to compare the use of destructive and non-destructive methodologies for predicting biomass and carbon stock in a planted Eucalyptus forest. Scaling was performed on 21 trees and 3 methodologies for carbon stock estimation were compared. For methodology 1, a control sample was harvested, sectioned, weighted in the field, and the carbon stock calculated based on these data. Methodology 2 was also destructive, as trees were harvested, scaled and the carbon stock predicted based on these data. Methodology 3 was non-destructive, as trees were scaled upright with the aid of equipment and the predicted carbon stock was based on these data. Biomass and carbon stock were compared by Test F and no statistical difference was observed. The data were separated according to diametric classes and compared by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and again no significant difference was observed. Furthermore, three equations were generated based on the Schumacher & Hall model and compared by the identity test model and no differences between the methodologies were observed. Thus, both nondestructive and destructive methodologies herein evaluated were effective and showed equal results to the control sample. Moreover, the use of the non-destructive methodology reduces time and cost destined to predicting biomass and carbon stock.
The race/color question in the care process in a psychosocial care center for children and adolescents
Authors: Candido Bruna de Paula , Barros Sônia , Régio Luciane , Ballan Caroline , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To recognize the actions related to race/color developed in the care process of the black child and adolescent population of a Psychosocial Care Center for children and adolescents in Brazil. Method: This is a study with a qualitative approach focusing on the three-dimensional racism framework. Data were collected through active medical records and interviews with reference professionals. The results were categorized and thematized through content analysis and the following themes were found: typology of child violence, identification of racism, the school, access to black culture and representativeness. This study obtained ethical approval. Results: The race/color question in the face of violation of fundamental rights of black children/adolescents contributes to the understanding of racism as a social determinant of mental health. Actions to empower the black population include the insertion of the race-color question as an analytical and procedural category in the Singular Therapeutic Projects, as an integral practice of multiprofessional teams work process. Conclusion: It is necessary to invest persistently in the identification and qualification of actions and systematic discussions to face the psychosocial effects of racism.
Biodiversity, Traditional Knowledge and Patent Rights: The Case Study of Phyllomedusa bicolor
Authors: Feres Marcos Vinício Chein
Published: March 2022

Abstract This article intends to analyze the possible structure of the appropriation of traditional knowledge through the patent rights system. The research question is whether the international legislation on patents and biodiversity may be contributing to the process of appropriating traditional knowledge and natural genetic resources associated with Brazilian biodiversity from the Amazon region. The aim is to cross-reference the empirical facts concerning the use of traditional knowledge and the effects of the legal treatment of patent rights. The theory to be constructed is that the international regulations on patent rights and biodiversity contribute to the process of appropriating traditional knowledge associated with Brazilian biodiversity. Therefore, empirical qualitative research is conducted, utilizing the rules of inference developed by Lee Epstein and Gary King and the grounded theory methodology. Finally, the case of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Kampô frog) was selected and studied to extract empirical data which can be used to enunciate the theory of appropriation of natural genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge from the South by the North.
Delicadas experiências formativas: tessitura de espaços de cuidado e ensino com grupo de estudantes universitários durante pandemia
Authors: Liberman Flávia , Andrade Luana Foroni , Bianchi Pamela Cristina , Godoy Giovanna Trinconi de
Published: March 2022

Os processos educativos têm exigido e possibilitado delinear e vivenciar experiências de formação e cuidado em resposta aos efeitos da atual pandemia. Em consonância com essa afirmação, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar uma experiência formativa com estudantes do curso de Terapia Ocupacional de uma universidade pública durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A experiência foi analisada em dois momentos, nomeados no relato como “Respiros”. No primeiro momento, em ambiente virtual, foram realizadas rodas de conversa-mosaico sem a presença obrigatória das estudantes; no segundo momento, como um módulo opcional no currículo, foram introduzidas práticas artísticas e corporais como dispositivos para o cuidado, expressão e conexão entre os corpos. As estudantes indicaram a importância de se criar um ambiente confiável e de sustentarmos uma proposta coletiva, dando ensejo à construção de corpos sensíveis, inventivos e críticos, fundamentais no exercício profissional.