bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Story of Methane
Authors: Ozin Geoffrey A , Ye Jessica
Published: July 2024

Small molecules cause big problems in our modern world. Methane is the second most abundant greenhouse gas and the principal component of natural gas. It is currently squeezing the Earth, challenging our long-term survival. But, can it be reimagined and repurposed to play a constructive role in a future sustainable economy?

This book explores the contradictory nature of methane, since it is a potent greenhouse gas, but has the potential to play an important role in the energy transition towards a sustainable global economy. Are we crushing it? In that we can and must transform methane into a clean fuel, feedstock or hydrogen carrier for the green economy. Or is methane crushing it? Our one world will soon be crushed by methane and other molecules if we are either unable or unwilling to transform methane fast enough to save ourselves and the planet.

Written by distinguished scientists, this book appeals to a broad spectrum of academic and industrial communities, as well as the public and policy makers with an interest in how this small molecule, consisting of just five atoms, has had such a profound impact.
Development and validation of the RP-HPLC method for quantification of tavaborole
Authors: Prajapati Shiv Kumar , Jain Ankit , Bajpai Meenakshi
Published: July 2024

The stability-indicating approach for tavaborole quantification was developed and validated to establish a precise, linear, accurate, and robust HPLC method.
Controllable growth of large-size α-GeTe nanosheets with ferroelectricity by substrate pre-annealing
Authors: Suonan Zhaxi , Mi Shuo , Wu Hanxiang , Xu Hua , Zhang Haoyan , Chen Shanshan , Cheng Zhihai , Pang Fei
Published: July 2024

Substrate pre-annealing enhanced lateral growth of α-GeTe nanosheets and room ferroelectric properties of α-GeTe nanosheets grown by CVD are reported.
Direct dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde over ZnO–SiO2-based catalysts
Authors: Chowdhury Ankur Ghosh , Arnold Ulrich , Garbev Krassimir , Bender Michael , Sauer Jörg
Published: July 2024

Catalytic performance of zinc silicates in the direct dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde largely depends on the present phase types.
CatScore: evaluating asymmetric catalyst design at high efficiency
Authors: Yan Bing , Cho Kyunghyun
Published: July 2024

We introduce CatScore, a learning-based evaluation metric tailored for asymmetric catalysis in organic chemistry. CatScore enables highly efficient and effective evaluation of diverse catalyst design models at both the instance and system levels.
Position of substituents directs the electron transfer properties of entatic state complexes: new insights from guanidine-quinoline copper complexes
Authors: Heck Joshua , Kucenko Anastasia , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres-Pawlis Sonja
Published: July 2024

Two novel ligands with a methyl or methyl ester substituent in the 4-position were synthesized. The substituent influence on the properties of the corresponding copper complexes was examined by a plethora of experimental and theoretical methods.
Mechanochemical synthesis of iron aluminyl complexes
Authors: Kallmeier Fabian , Matthews Aidan J. R. , Nelmes Gareth R. , Lawson Nina R. , Hicks Jamie
Published: July 2024

A series of molecular iron aluminyl complexes with unsupported Al–Fe bonds have been prepared in the solid state by mechanochemical synthesis.
Uptake and physiological impacts of nanoplastics in trees with divergent water use strategies
Authors: Murazzi Maria Elvira , Pradel Alice , Schefer Roman B. , Gessler Arthur , Mitrano Denise M.
Published: July 2024

Anthropogenic contaminants can place significant stress on vegetation, especially when they are taken up into plants.
Efficacy and mechanism of the artificial sweetener saccharin degradation by thermally activated persulfate in aquatic environments
Authors: Lai Webber Wei-Po , Chang Chia-Ming
Published: July 2024

The widely occurring artificial sweetener saccharin was effectively degraded by thermal/persulfate, and the degradation behavior under different operational/environmental conditions and the associated degradation mechanism was explored in depth.
The effect of the molecular weight of blackberry polysaccharides on gut microbiota modulation and hypoglycemic effect in vivo
Authors: Xi Lai , Weibing Xu , Shuyong Fu , Sheng-Hua Li , Xiong Fu , Chin-Ping Tan , Ping-Ping Wang , Zu-Man Dou , Chun Chen
Published: July 2024

Blackberry polysaccharides with certain molecular weight distribution have good bioactivity.
Advancing diabetes treatment: novel formulation of polydatin long-circulating liposomes and their glucose-regulating impact on hyperlipidemia-induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Kepei , Chen Junlan , Raza Faisal , Zafar Hajra , Xu Ye , Li Ran , Hidayat Ullah Kamran , Zhou Shigao
Published: July 2024

Polydatin, a monomer derived from the dried roots and stems of traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Polygonum cuspidatum, boasts extensive pharmacological activities.
DLC-engineered flat gravure surface: enabling sustainable fabrication to replace chrome for printing conductive line electrodes in flexible electronics
Authors: Seetharamiahsrinivasaraju Chandramohan , Shetty Ronit , Cohen Donald K. , Sharma Priyanka , Springstead James R.
Published: July 2024

In this research we compare conductive fine line electrodes printed from a flat gravure surface fabricated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) with prints from a chromium/chrome (Cr) surface.
Quinoline-based Schiff bases as possible antidiabetic agents: ligand-based pharmacophore modeling, 3D QSAR, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations study
Authors: Ranade Shriram D. , Alegaon Shankar G. , Khatib Nayeem A. , Gharge Shankar , Kavalapure Rohini S.
Published: July 2024

α-Glucosidase enzyme inhibition is a legitimate approach to combat type 2 diabetes mellitus as it manages to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
Ellagic acid-modified gold nanoparticles to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Yaran , Wu Fan , Li Yuanfeng , Wang Siran , Ren Yijin , Shi Linqi , van der Mei Henny C. , Liu Yong
Published: July 2024

Gold nanoparticles modified with ellagic acid are prepared via a simple one-pot hydrothermal process, showing high, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, and effective biofilm dispersion against antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
A self-powered droplet sensor based on a triboelectric nanogenerator toward the concentration of green tea polyphenols
Authors: Lin Guochen , Su Chang , Bao Chengmin , Zhang Maoyi , Li Chuanbo , Yang Ya
Published: July 2024

We developed a simple, three-layered and self-powered liquid droplet sensor based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. The current sensitivity of the self- powered sensor reaches −40.12 μA mg mL−1, and the voltage sensitivity reaches −0.195 V μg mL−1.
Sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitutions on cyanuric chloride: synthesis of BODIPY derivatives and mechanistic insights
Authors: Marques Bruno da Silva , de Andrade Karine Nascimento , Peixoto Bárbara Pereira , dos Santos Fernando Martins , Pedrosa Leandro Ferreira , Fiorot Rodolfo Goetze , Costa de Souza Marcos
Published: July 2024

Concerning the nucleophilic aromatic substitution on cyanuric chloride the following preferential order for the substitution has been found: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde > 2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine > aminoalkyl phosphoramidate.
Facile synthesis and antifungal evaluation of hypervalent organoantimony(iii) and organobismuth(iii) thioates with tridentate C,N,C-coordinating ligands
Authors: Wang Zixiu , Huang Yan , Deng Dandan , Li Shan , Yu Yimei , Ye Yifei , Chen Yi , Lei Jian
Published: July 2024

A series of C,N,C-chelated organoantimony and -bismuth thioates were prepared as potential antifungal agents against C. albicans through an additive-free synthesis starting from thiols or a DTT-mediated cross-coupling with disulfides.
Iron- and base-catalyzed C(α)-alkylation and one-pot sequential alkylation–hydroxylation of oxindoles with secondary alcohols
Authors: Saha Ratnakar , Hembram Bhairab Chand , Panda Surajit , Jana Narayan Ch. , Bagh Bidraha
Published: July 2024

Iron-catalyzed protocol was developed for the C-alkylation of 2-oxindoles with secondary alcohols as coupling partners. Alkylated 2-oxindoles were further functionalized to 3-hydroxy-3-alkyl-2-oxindoles by using air as the most sustainable oxidant.
Addressing ambient stability challenges in pure FASnI3 perovskite solar cells through organic additive engineering
Authors: Galve-Lahoz Sergio , Sánchez-Diaz Jesús , Echeverría-Arrondo Carlos , Simancas Jorge , Rodriguez-Pereira Jhonatan , Turren-Cruz Silver-Hamill , Martinez-Pastor Juan P. , Mora-Seró Iván , Delgado Juan Luis
Published: July 2024

In this work we designed and synthesized two new organic additives with different functional groups to evaluate their impact on the performance and stability of tin halide perovskite solar cells.
Structural modification of fullerene derivates for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Han , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhang Chenyang , Yao Yiguo , Wang Kai
Published: July 2024

This review focuses on the design strategies of fullerenes and their derivatives as electron transport materials in inverted PSCs, and the effects of different application forms on the photovoltaic performance and stability of the devices.
Unravelling phase-dependent electronic dimensionality and optoelectronic properties in lead-free layered A3B2X9 perovskites for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Luo Qingyuan , Xie Dabao , Tian Yiqian , Zhang Congmin , Cao Dan , Chen Xiaoshuang , Liang Pei , Shu Haibo
Published: July 2024

The phase stability mechanism of all-inorganic lead-free layered A3B2X9 perovskites is revealed and Cs3B2I9 (B = Sb and Bi) in trigonal phase are predicted as promising photovoltaic materials with high power conversion efficiencies (∼20%).
Asymmetric side-chain engineering of conjugated polymers with improved performance and stability in organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Jiang Guo-Hao , Li Chia-Ying , Su Shang-Wen , Lin Yan-Cheng
Published: July 2024

This study rigorously investigated the impact of asymmetric side chain design on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs).
Tunable light-induced topological edge states in strain engineering of bismuthene monolayers
Authors: Kong Xiangru , Zhang Binyuan , Gong Wei-jiang , Li Linyang
Published: July 2024

Considering the combination of strain effects and external periodic light fields allows tuning of the nontrivial edge states in nanoribbons of bismuthene monolayers, i.e., Bi(110) and Bi(111) monolayers.
Metabolic profiling and combined therapeutic strategies unveil the cytotoxic potential of selenium-chrysin (SeChry) in NSCLC cells
Authors: Mendes Cindy , Lemos Isabel , Hipólito Ana , Abreu Bruna , Freitas-Dias Catarina , Martins Filipa , Pires Rita F. , Barros Hélio , Bonifácio Vasco D.B. , Gonçalves Luís G. , Serpa Jacinta
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer ranks as the predominant cause of cancer-related mortalities on a global scale. Despite progress in therapeutic interventions, encompassing surgical procedures, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the overall prognosis remains unfavorable. Imbalances in redox equilibrium and disrupted redox signaling, common traits in tumors, play crucial roles in malignant progression and treatment resistance. Cancer cells, often characterized by persistent high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from genetic, metabolic, and microenvironmental alterations, counterbalance this by enhancing their antioxidant capacity. Cysteine availability emerges as a critical factor in chemoresistance, shaping the survival dynamics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Selenium-chrysin (SeChry) was disclosed as a modulator of cysteine intracellular availability. This study comprehensively characterizes the metabolism of SeChry and investigates its cytotoxic effects in NSCLC. SeChry treatment induces notable metabolic shifts, particularly in selenocompound metabolism, impacting crucial pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism. Additionally, SeChry affects the levels of key metabolites such as acetate, lactate, glucose, and amino acids, contributing to disruptions in redox homeostasis and cellular biosynthesis. The combination of SeChry with other treatments, such as glycolysis inhibition and chemotherapy, results in greater efficacy. Furthermore, by exploiting NSCLC's capacity to consume lactate, the use of lactic acid-conjugated dendrimer nanoparticles for SeChry delivery is investigated, showing specificity to cancer cells expressing monocarboxylate transporters.
A comprehensive framework for living wall design: Bridging standards, current approaches, and unexplored frontiers in architectural and structural practices
Authors: Benoit Ariane , Moghaddam Mahboubeh Pakzad , Barbotti Giovanni , Tzortzi Julia Nerantzia , Castiglioni Carlo Andrea , Musacchio Rita Maria Cristina
Published: July 2024

In recent years, policymakers worldwide have emphasized innovative solutions for urban challenges, guided by initiatives like the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the European Green Deal. Nature-based solutions (NBS) play a crucial role in addressing climate issues and improving urban well-being. With urban areas witnessing a surge in NBS demand due to their dense populations, initiatives like green wall technologies, such as Living Walls (LW), are becoming more prevalent. However, integrating vegetation onto buildings presents complexities requiring structured support. This research aims to establish a robust foundation for LW design by combining existing standards, exploring current approaches, and pushing architectural and structural practices. It seeks to provide comprehensive guidelines for LW design to enhance efficacy, durability, and safety while preventing errors. Notably, existing global guidance lacks uniformity, necessitating a detailed European guide for LW design and maintenance. The methodology involves consolidating global guidelines and analysing current LW solutions to identify guidance gaps. Anticipated outcomes include foundational guidelines for architects and structural designers to improve LW processes, guiding further research and testing for advanced LW practices.
A novel sensitivity analysis of residential building retrofitting strategies: Artificial neural network vs. linear regression
Authors: Tang Huan , Lai Wanyu , Lu Zuliang , Zhang Yating , Shan Rudai
Published: July 2024

This study compares the implementation of traditional methods (linear regression) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms in sensitivity analysis for residential building retrofitting strategies. The impact of building retrofitting strategies, such as wall insulation, roof insulation, glazing types, and shading systems, on the life-cycle carbon emissions (LCCO2) and life-cycle costs (LCC) of a residential building in the severe cold climate of China is investigated. The results demonstrated that the ANN modelling was more accurate and stable than the linear regression method. Through impact factor analysis, it was found that window area and insulation types strongly impact the LCC, while shading, insulation type and insulation thickness strongly influence the LCCO2 in the building. This study validated the feasibility and efficiency of the ANN methodology in sensitivity analysis for residential building retrofitting strategies.
IOT Based Automated Indoor Hydroponic Farming System
Authors: Suresh Vanidha , Logasundari T. , Shanmukha Sravani V. , Ali Muqthiar , Srinivasan Suresh
Published: July 2024

Indeed, high yielding and high-grade crop production are crucial in modern agriculture, and smart farming technologies like vertical hydroponic farming can play a significant role in achieving these goals. The proposed vertical hydroponic system appears to be quite advanced and promising. Maintaining a cool and controlled environment is essential for optimal plant growth. Grow lights provide the necessary spectrum and intensity for photosynthesis, enabling plants to grow efficiently. Proper monitoring of water levels and moisture content ensures that plants receive an adequate supply of nutrients, preventing over or under-watering. The use of an Arduino controller with a keypad allows for user inputs and customization of the hydroponic system. Farmers can set parameters for water changes, flow rates, and indoor temperature to tailor the system to specific plant requirements. Monitoring and controlling various environmental parameters like light intensity, pH levels, electrical conductivity, water temperature, and relative humidity are essential for achieving the best possible crop yields and quality. Sensors and actuators help achieve this precision. The Internet of Things (IoT) integration allows for real-time data transfer and retrieval. Hydroponic Hardware prototype is proposed by combining these advanced technologies, the system can create an optimal environment for plant growth while minimizing resource wastage and maximizing yields. It’s worth noting that as technology continues to evolve, there will likely be further advancements in smart farming systems.
Recycling of Solar Panels: Sustainable Disposal of Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Gera Rajat , Singh Harminder , Ikram Mohsin , Setia Nipun , Sharma Prabhat , Prasad Raju V. Siva , Kampani Shivani
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a thorough examination of the recycling process for solar panels and the environmentally-friendly disposal of photovoltaic (PV) elements. By combining experimental data synthesis and a thorough analysis of literature, many important conclusions may be drawn about the makeup of solar panels, the effectiveness of recycling photovoltaic components, the materials that can be recovered by recycling, and the environmental impact comparison between recycling and disposal techniques. The composition study indicates that the main components of PV modules include silicon, glass, aluminum, copper, plastic, and other elements, with silicon being the predominant constituent. An assessment of recycling efficiency reveals that silicon, glass, aluminum, and copper exhibit high rates, suggesting that these materials may be effectively recovered and reused. Moreover, the evaluation of recycled components reveals significant amounts of silicon, glass, aluminum, and copper are retrieved, indicating the possibility for reclaiming resources and achieving circularity in the solar sector. An environmental effect comparison demonstrates the environmental advantages of photovoltaic (PV) recycling, which include decreased energy usage, CO2 emissions, and trash formation in contrast to disposal options. These results emphasize the significance of PV recycling in advancing environmental sustainability, optimizing resource use, and fostering circularity in the solar sector. Nevertheless, in order to promote the extensive implementation of PV recycling methods, it is necessary to tackle obstacles like as technical constraints, economic feasibility, and legal frameworks. This research enhances understanding and aids decision-making in the realm of sustainable energy and resource management by combining data and insights from different studies. Ongoing research, innovation, and policy interventions are essential for speeding up the shift towards a circular economy in the solar business. This will promote environmental sustainability and resource efficiency in the renewable energy sector.
Biocompatible Nanomaterials for Sustainable Biomedical Applications
Authors: Dutt Amit , Saini Neha , Kalia Akhilesh , Madan Praney , Srikanth T. , Talukdar Soumita
Published: July 2024

We explore the many ways biocompatible nanomaterials may be used in sustainable biomedical settings. Quantum dots are 10 nm in size, carbon nanotubes are 50 nm, iron oxide nanoparticles are 25 nm, gold nanoparticles are 20 nm, and silver nanoparticles are 30 nm. The physicochemical features of these nanomaterials are different from one another. These nanomaterials may encapsulate therapeutic substances, according to drug loading evaluations; for example, gold nanoparticles can hold 15 mg/g of iron oxide, 12 mg/g of silver, 18 mg/g of carbon nanotubes, 20 mg/g of carbon, and 10 mg/g of quantum dots. Nanoparticles of gold (95% vitality after 24 hours), silver (93% viability), iron oxide (97% viability), carbon nanotubes (92% viability), and quantum dots (90% viability) highlight the biocompatibility of these materials. Fluorescence intensities of 1000 AU for gold nanoparticles, 980 AU for silver nanoparticles, 1050 AU for iron oxide nanoparticles, 900 AU for carbon nanotubes, and 1100 AU for quantum dots were observed in in vivo imaging investigations, further demonstrating the potential of these nanomaterials as contrast agents. By conducting thorough assessments and analyses, this study reveals how biocompatible nanomaterials can be used to create long-term biomedical applications, such as molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery, which will improve healthcare solutions and patient outcomes.
Durchbruch in der adjuvanten Therapie
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: July 2024

Mit Pembrolizumab hat erstmals ein Wirkstoff in der adjuvanten Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms (RCC) überzeugt, konnte doch in der Studie KEYNOTE-564 eine Verbesserung des Gesamtüberlebens (OS) erreicht werden. Dagegen ging die Adjuvanz-Studie CheckMate 914 mit Nivolumab negativ aus: Das ereignisfreie Überleben (EFS) wurde durch den Checkpoint-Inhibitor nicht verlängert.
Impact of Delta Troponin on Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Chronic Renal Dysfunction and NSTEMI
Authors: Acem Burak , Eroğlu Serkan Emre , Özdemir Serdar
Published: July 2024

Introduction The relationship between mortality and troponin in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients with a history of renal failure is quite limited. This study investigated the relationship between blood delta troponin T levels and 30-day mortality in patients with chronic renal dysfunction and NSTEMI.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted prospectively by including patients with chronic renal dysfunction and clinical findings of NSTEMI between February 1, 2021, and August 1, 2022. Demographics, medical history, laboratory parameters, and mortality data were noted. Thirty-day morbidity data was used for mortality. Delta troponin T was calculated using initial and first-hour troponin T values. Patients were grouped as healthy and deceased. Data were evaluated using univariant analysis and receiver operating characteristics analysis.

Results Of the 73 patients included in the study, 29 were female. The mean age of the patients was 67.3 years. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.5%. The sensitivity of the initial troponin T value was 85.7% (42.1–99.6), the specificity was 68.2% (55.6–79.1), and the accuracy was 69.9% (58–80.1), and the sensitivity of the first-hour troponin T value was 85.7% (42.1–99.6), specificity was 75.8% (63.6–85.5), and accuracy was 76.7% (65.4–85.8). The delta troponin T median of the mortality group was 56 (24.2–286.4), and the delta troponin median of the surviving patients was 29.4 (10.7–79.6). The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.072).

Conclusion The current study's results show that delta troponin T (initial and first hour) is not associated with short-term mortality in patients with chronic renal dysfunction and NSTEMI.
Major Delay in Door-to-Ballon Time for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention is Not Related to Interventional Cardiologist's Late Arrival
Authors: Movahed Mohammad R. , Irilouzadian Rana
Published: July 2024

Interventional cardiologists are held accountable for delay in the door-to-balloon time (DBT) for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) even though in the chain of STEMI activation, the interventional cardiologist is the last person that needs to be available to start angiography. The goal of our study is to conduct a thorough analysis of the DBT data to assess time delays by randomly evaluating two consecutive years at the University of Arizona Medical Center (UAMC). We evaluated all available DBT data for STEMIs occurring in the fiscal years of 2011 and 2012 at the UAMC and calculated the time needed for the cardiologist to start the procedure after the patient was ready in the cardiac catheterization laboratory called time to start the procedure (TSP) in addition to other time intervals. Mean TSP time was 4 minutes and 24 seconds, one of the shortest time delays in the chain of STEMI activation and DBT. The median TSP delay was 3 minutes. The longest delay interval was the STEMI team's arrival to with a mean of 17 minutes and 38 seconds. Our data are the first to evaluate delays related to DBT revealing the least delay occurring due to the late arrival of Interventional cardiologists. Our data emphasizes the importance of performing a detailed time analysis of the DBT.
Photoisomerization in rhodopsins: Shape-changing reactions of retinal at low temperatures
Authors: Kandori Hideki , Sugiura Masahiro , Katayama Kota
Published: July 2024

Rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins containing 11-cis (animal rhodopsins) and all-trans (microbial rhodopsins) retinal chromophores. Animal rhodopsins act as G protein–coupled receptors, whereas microbial rhodopsins serve numerous roles and can act as light-driven ion pumps, photosensors, light-gated ion channels, and light-activated enzymes. Microbial rhodopsins play crucial roles in optogenetics. Isomerization is a shape-changing reaction that does not occur at low temperatures. In contrast, primary photo-intermediates are formed in rhodopsins even at 77 K. Therefore, the primary reactions in rhodopsins were debated in the 1970s, although isomerization was initially proposed. The ultrafast spectroscopy analysis of bovine rhodopsin containing an 11-cis-locked retinal chromophore revealed that the primary event in our vision is retinal photoisomerization. Moreover, molecular motions have been directly visualized by time-resolved x-ray crystallography. The unique ability of rhodopsins to undergo isomerization at 77 K was used to determine structural changes by low-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, with detailed vibrational analysis providing structural information on animal and microbial rhodopsins, including protein-bound water. In contrast, unusual isomerization pathways (all-trans to 7-cis or 11-cis) and temperature effects (no reactions at <273 or <170 K) have been found for near-infrared light–absorbing microbial rhodopsins.
Streamer formation dynamics with mixed bacterial species: Effects of cultivation conditions, hydrodynamics, and species
Authors: Sendekie Zenamarkos B. , Bacchin Patrice , Lammertink Rob G. H. , Crespo João G.
Published: July 2024

Most bacterial species synthesize extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with diverse compositional, structural, and functional characteristics. When under sustained hydrodynamic flow, bacteria form streamers, which are filamentous matrix structures porous in nature. So far, investigations on streamers have been limited to pure culture bacterial species, overlooking the aggregate nature of bacterial flocs and biofilms. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of the cultivation conditions (controlling the EPS synthesis), the hydrodynamics, and the bacterial species type on streamer formation by pure and mixed culture using microfluidic separators. Enterobacter A47 (EPS-producing bacterium) and Cupriavidus necator (non-EPS producing bacterium) are used for the experimental work. It has been found that the EPS secreted by the bacteria and flow conditions play a very significant role in streamer formation dynamics. Strong flow conditions (i.e., high flow rates and small constrictions with tortuous architecture) favor the fast development of streamers, whereas intermediate flow rates result in sustained growth for longer filtration times, leading to dense streamers. Our analysis confirms that the presence of EPS in the bacterial suspension critically controls streamer formation by forming bacterial aggregates, or flocs, and bridging between different aggregates. We also found that streamer formation is significantly enhanced with mixed bacterial culture, which may be attributed to the symbiotic relationships influencing the concentration and characteristics of EPS and the material behavior in general.
Numerical analysis of pressure fluctuation characteristics of axial flow pump device of edge pump unit in multi-unit pumping station
Authors: Li Sihai , Luan Yi , Xu Yongbing , Liu Xizhu , Yang Fan , Xu Guiying
Published: July 2024

Asymmetric layout gate station projects are prevalent in gate station engineering. When multiple pump units operate within such projects, the inflow patterns of the pump devices at different stations exhibit significant variations. Notably, edge pump units often display adverse operating characteristics, including vibration. This study aims to elucidate the hydraulic behavior of edge pump units in asymmetric layout gate station projects using numerical simulation methods. We validate the reliability of our numerical calculations through physical model tests. Specifically, we investigate the flow pressure pulsation characteristics of the axial flow pump device within the edge pump unit under various switching schemes employed in the gate station project. The results show that pressure fluctuations in axial flow pump devices exhibit distinct time-frequency characteristics based on different flow rates. An increase in flow rate results in a sharp rise in pressure fluctuation amplitudes within the axial flow pump device of the edge pump unit. During symmetric operation, the peak pressure fluctuations of the axial flow pump device are significantly smaller than those observed during asymmetric operation. This suggests that the edge pump unit operates more stably and experiences fewer pressure fluctuations under symmetric conditions. Optimizing the operation of edge pump units ensures stability and prolongs the service life of gate station projects.
A transient radial cortical microtubule array primes cell division in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Melogno Isaty , Takatani Shogo , Llanos Paula , Goncalves Coralie , Kodera Chie , Martin Marjolaine , Lionnet Claire , Uyttewaal Magalie , Pastuglia Martine , Trehin Christophe , Bouchez David , Dumais Jacques , Hamant Olivier
Published: July 2024

Although the formation of new walls during plant cell division tends to follow maximal tensile stress direction, analyses of individual cells over time reveal a much more variable behavior. The origin of such variability as well as the exact role of interphasic microtubule behavior before cell division have remained mysterious so far. To approach this question, we took advantage of the
Arabidopsis
stem, where the tensile stress pattern is both highly anisotropic and stable. Although cortical microtubules (CMTs) generally align with maximal tensile stress, we detected a specific time window, ca. 3 h before cell division, where cells form a radial pattern of CMTs. This microtubule array organization preceded preprophase band (PPB) formation, a transient CMT array predicting the position of the future division plane. It was observed under different growth conditions and was not related to cell geometry or polar auxin transport. Interestingly, this cortical radial pattern correlated with the well-documented increase of cytoplasmic microtubule accumulation before cell division. This radial organization was prolonged in cells of the
trm678
mutant, where CMTs are unable to form a PPB. Whereas division plane orientation in
trm678
is noisier, we found that cell division symmetry was in contrast less variable between daughter cells. We propose that this “radial step” reflects a trade-off in robustness for two essential cell division attributes: symmetry and orientation. This involves a “reset” stage in G2, where an increased cytoplasmic microtubule accumulation transiently disrupts CMT alignment with tissue stress.
Unique and redundant roles of mouse BCMA, TACI, BAFF, APRIL, and IL-6 in supporting antibody-producing cells in different tissues
Authors: Eslami Mahya , Schuepbach-Mallepell Sonia , Diana Daniela , Willen Laure , Kowalczyk-Quintas Christine , Desponds Chantal , Peter Benjamin , Vigolo Michele , Renevey François , Donzé Olivier , Luther Sanjiv A. , Yalkinoglu Özkan , Alouche Nagham , Schneider Pascal
Published: July 2024

Antibody-producing plasma cells fuel humoral immune responses. They also contribute to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or IgA nephropathy. Interleukin-6 and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligands BAFF (B cell-activating factor) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) participate in plasma cell survival. BAFF binds to three receptors, BAFFR (BAFF receptor), TACI (transmembrane activator and CAML interactor), and BCMA (B cell maturation antigen), while APRIL binds to TACI, BCMA, and proteoglycans. However, which ligand–receptor pair(s) are required to maintain plasma cells in different body locations remains unknown. Here, by combining mouse genetic and pharmacological approaches, we found that plasma cells required BCMA and/or TACI but not BAFFR. BCMA responded exclusively to APRIL, while TACI responded to both BAFF and APRIL, identifying three self-sufficient ligand–receptor pairs for plasma cell maintenance: BAFF–TACI, APRIL–TACI, and APRIL–BCMA. Together, these actors accounted for 90% of circulating antibodies. In BAFF-ko mice, the reduction of plasma cells upon APRIL inhibition indicated that APRIL could function in the absence of BAFF–APRIL heteromers. No evidence was found that in the absence of BCMA and TACI, binding of APRIL to proteoglycans would help maintain plasma cells. IL-6, alone or together with BAFF and APRIL, supported mainly splenic plasmablasts and plasma cells and contributed to circulating IgG but not IgA levels. In conclusion, survival factors for plasma cells can vary with body location and with the antibody isotype that plasma cells produce. To efficiently target plasma cells, in particular IgA-producing ones, dual inhibition of BAFF and APRIL is required.
Hegemonic femininity, femonationalism and the far-right
Authors: Montiel-McCann Camila
Published: July 2024

The burka has become a key symbol of the supposed ‘Islamification’ of Europe and has led to a series of ‘burka
bans’ (Bouattia 2019; Bracke 2012; Hancock 2015). In the debate surrounding these bans, a ‘femonationalist convergence’ has
been identified by Farris (2012, 2017) in
which the nationalist political right, neoliberal policy makers, and some feminist organisations converge in adopting the language
of gender equality to argue that the burka is a symbol of patriarchal oppression. In this paper, I relate this femonationalist
convergence to the maintenance of hegemonic femininity, which can be broadly defined as the privileging of femininity that is
complementary to white supremacist capitalist patriarchy (hooks 2000). Using feminist
critical discourse analysis (Lazar 2005), I analyse the representation of Muslim women
in an article on the burka written by former Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, for The Telegraph in 2018. I show how
Johnson instrumentalises femonationalist discourse to justify his Islamophobic marginalisation of Muslim women. I conclude that
Johnson used this article to lay the groundwork for his Conservative leadership bid the following year and to garner popular
support for a shift to the far-right in British politics.
The C-terminus of Rad is required for membrane localization and L-type calcium channel regulation
Authors: Elmore Garrett , Ahern Brooke M. , McVay Nicholas M. , Barker Kyle W. , Lohano Sarisha S. , Ali Nemat , Sebastian Andrea , Andres Douglas A. , Satin Jonathan , Levitan Bryana M.
Published: July 2024

L-type CaV1.2 current (ICa,L) links electrical excitation to contraction in cardiac myocytes. ICa,L is tightly regulated to control cardiac output. Rad is a Ras-related, monomeric protein that binds to L-type calcium channel β subunits (CaVβ) to promote inhibition of ICa,L. In addition to CaVβ interaction conferred by the Rad core motif, the highly conserved Rad C-terminus can direct membrane association in vitro and inhibition of ICa,L in immortalized cell lines. In this work, we test the hypothesis that in cardiomyocytes the polybasic C-terminus of Rad confers t-tubular localization, and that membrane targeting is required for Rad-dependent ICa,L regulation. We introduced a 3xFlag epitope to the N-terminus of the endogenous mouse Rrad gene to facilitate analysis of subcellular localization. Full-length 3xFlag-Rad (Flag-Rad) mice were compared with a second transgenic mouse model, in which the extended polybasic C-termini of 3xFlag-Rad was truncated at alanine 277 (Flag-RadΔCT). Ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated for anti-Flag-Rad immunocytochemistry and ex vivo electrophysiology. Full-length Flag-Rad showed a repeating t-tubular pattern whereas Flag-RadΔCT failed to display membrane association. ICa,L in Flag-RadΔCT cardiomyocytes showed a hyperpolarized activation midpoint and an increase in maximal conductance. Additionally, current decay was faster in Flag-RadΔCT cells. Myocardial ICa,L in a Rad C-terminal deletion model phenocopies ICa,L modulated in response to β-AR stimulation. Mechanistically, the polybasic Rad C-terminus confers CaV1.2 regulation via membrane association. Interfering with Rad membrane association constitutes a specific target for boosting heart function as a treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Reservoir computing with a random memristor crossbar array
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Li Huanglong
Published: July 2024

Physical implementations of reservoir computing (RC) based on the emerging memristors have become promising candidates of unconventional computing paradigms. Traditionally, sequential approaches by time-multiplexing volatile memristors have been prevalent because of their low hardware overhead. However, they suffer from the problem of speed degradation and fall short of capturing the spatial relationship between the time-domain inputs. Here, we explore a new avenue for RC using memristor crossbar arrays with device-to-device variations, which serve as physical random weight matrices of the reservoir layers, enabling faster computation thanks to the parallelism of matrix-vector multiplication as an intensive operation in RC. To achieve this new RC architecture, ultralow-current, self-selective memristors are fabricated and integrated without the need of transistors, showing greater potential of high scalability and three-dimensional integrability compared to the previous realizations. The information processing ability of our RC system is demonstrated in asks of recognizing digit images and waveforms. This work indicates that the ‘nonidealities’ of the emerging memristor devices and circuits are a useful source of inspiration for new computing paradigms.
Shape memory polymer lattice structures with programmable thermal recovery time
Authors: Ji Jinyu , Zhang Kai , Guo Xiaogang
Published: July 2024

Shape memory polymer (SMP) lattice structures have garnered considerable attention due to their intrinsic capability for self-recovery and mechanical reconfiguration. The temporal path, encompassing aspects such as recovery time and deployment sequence, of the shape recovery process in SMP lattice structures holds paramount significance across various domains, including but not limited to medical devices and space deployable structures. Nonetheless, the programming of shape recovery time or deployment sequences in SMP lattice structures, particularly in scenarios devoid of external controllers, remains a challenge. In addressing these challenges, this study presents a novel class of SMP structures endowed with customizable thermal recovery times and programmable deployment sequences, leveraging the influence of structural geometry. Notably, the programmable recovery time and serialized deployment behavior of the proposed SMP lattice structure are achieved within a constant temperature environment, obviating the need for external time-varying stimuli. Finite element simulations and experimental validations corroborate that the proposed SMP structures can be programmed to exhibit recovery times spanning from mere seconds to several hundred seconds. Moreover, a three-stage sequential recovery behavior is attained without necessitating prior local configuration programming. Furthermore, exploiting the distinctive sequential reversibility inherent in a constant high-temperature environment, the designed lattice structure showcases the ability to transition to multiple distinct stable configurations by modulating the duration of high-temperature exposure. The proposed recovery time programmable SMP lattice structure thus presents a viable avenue for realizing intricate multistage controllable shape-shifting structures devoid of external control equipment.
Development of enhanced force models to analyze the nonlinear hysteresis response of miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscles
Authors: Zabihollah Shakila , Moezi Seyed Alireza , Sedaghati Ramin
Published: July 2024

Miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscles (MPAMs), designed to replicate natural muscle actuation, offer unique attributes such as a high power-to-weight ratio, flexibility, easy integration, and compactness, making them favourable for many applications. The present paper aims at the development of an accurate semi-analytical force model considering the effect of the bladder material and friction terms to predict the nonlinear force-deformation response of MPAMs during contraction and expansion cycles. Existing force models for MPAMs exhibit limitations to accurately capturing the force-deformation behaviours due to several simplification factors. This study enhances these models by integrating correction terms to accurately address the nonlinearity and frictional effects exhibited by MPAMs. An analysis of the hysteresis loops resulting from the cyclic loading and unloading of MPAMs under specific pressures is undertaken to compare different methodologies in order to determine the most accurate correction terms. To investigate the nonlinear behaviour of MPAMs, the stress-strain relationship of the bladder material and results from force-deformation experimental tests on the entire actuator are considered and for the effect of friction term, theoretical and empirical approaches are investigated. Results suggest that the theoretical force model based on analytical and empirical friction forces, respectively, slightly overestimates and underestimates the force experienced by MPAMs during contraction while slightly underestimate and overestimates during expansion, respectively. A comparative analysis between MPAMs featuring Ecoflex-50 silicone and Ecoflex30 + PDMS mixture as bladder materials has also been conducted to further investigate the effect of bladder materials on their force and contraction outputs under inlet pressures ranging from 0 kPa to 300 kPa. It is shown that the MPAM feauting Ecoflex-50 bladder, exhibits lower dead-band pressure and an overall reduced blocked force in comparison to MPAM with bladder made of Ecoflex30 + PDMS while exhibiting a substantially enhanced free contraction capacity.
Design and experimental study of a stepped magnetorheological damper with power generation
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Yang Xiaolong , Geng Xiumei , Deng Xiaoshu , Zhou Shiying
Published: July 2024

Traditional vehicle suspension magnetorheological dampers have problems with low output damping force and require additional energy input to operate, to improve the performance of the vehicle suspension magnetorheological damper, in this paper, we propose and investigate a stepped magnetorheological damper structure with power generation, and conducts structural design and magnetic circuit analysis. The effects of different currents, damping gaps, coil slot positions, and coil turns on the damping performance of the stepped magnetorheological damper with power generation are numerically studied. The magnetic circuit sensitivity analysis of the power generation structure and the magnetorheological damper structure is also performed. Experiments have verified the effects of different input excitations on damping and energy-feeding performance, and the results of numerical analysis have been verified. The results show that when the excitation coil is wound for 257 turns, the magnetic circuit requirements are met. And the influence of different amplitudes, frequencies, and currents on the output damping force was studied through experiments. The results showed that the damping force would increase with the increase of single parameter values. When the amplitude was 7 mm, the frequency was 1 Hz, and the current was 2 A, the output damping force could reach 4500 N, meeting the requirements for use.
Finite element analysis based verification of shape estimation performance according to displacement conditions and module types of FBG bending sensor
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Lee Hyun-Woo , Kim Dae-Hyun
Published: July 2024

This study proposes a novel, versatile sensor application solution suitable for various environments by verifying the shape estimation performance of three different module types of an FBG bending sensor based on finite element analysis. FBG bending sensors, including the individual attachment type, triangular stacking type, and band type, were attached to the structure. Subsequently, two simple plane displacement and one complex 3D displacement were applied to the structure to derive the strain for nine cases through finite element analysis. The shape estimation performance was then verified through a simulation based on the previously derived strain. As a result of verifying the shape estimation performance, it was confirmed that all three module types had high performance under simple plane displacement condition, whereas individual attachment types had better performance under complex 3D displacement condition. However, it’s important to note that the triangular stacking type and band type, with their small spacing between FBGs, have been developed to overcome the limited attachment conditions of the individual attachment type and to streamline the manufacturing process of the FBG bending sensors. Therefore, it is possible to select the FBG bending sensor according to the installation conditions of the structure to be applied and the required sensor performance by comprehensively considering the performance verification results of this study and the characteristics of the module types.
Ultrasound evaluation of polymathic methacrylate (PMMA) gel dosimeter doped with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles
Authors: Salman Mohammed Dawood , Radzi Yasmin Md , Rahman Azhar Abdul , Oglat Ammar A
Published: July 2024

A new gel dosimeter was synthesized using methyl methacrylate, gelatin, deionized water, N, N′-methylene bis(acrylamide), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). The PMMA polymer gel doped with CuO NPs was manufactured under normal atmospheric conditions. In detail, an enhanced dose response of the prepared PMMA was noticed as a function of the applied radiation exposure from 2 to 10 Gy with

R

2

=
0.974

and sensitivity of 0.025. In conjunction, further enhanced dose response was noticed upon the addition of CuO nanoparticles wherein dose response increments from 0.042 to 0.08 at 2 Gy and 0.25 to 0.325 at 10 Gy for PMMA samples doped with 0.5% and 1% of CuO nanoparticles, respectively. In meanwhile, the speed of sound and attenuation coefficient analysis demonstrated linear correlation (

R

2

≥
0.97

) between the applied radiation along with the attained dose response values. This linear relationship is attributed to the homogeneous distribution of CuO NPs and the consistent properties of the gel material, confirming the potential of CuO-doped PMMA gels for effective radiation dose measurement. These results underscore the adaptability of polymer gel dosimeters as a standard dosimetric material suitable for diverse applications.