bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brazilian and international nursing have a key role for combating racial exclusion and health inequities
Authors: Cruz Isabel Cristina Fonseca da
Published: July 2022

Afro-descendant an indigenous populations have systematically over 500 years lagged behind the white population includding health issues.This secular process of exploitation lead to inequity and exclusion. It is necessary a clear understanding of the racism as a subtle social ideology of discrimination for designing and implement effective programs and policies that promote development with justice or in other words affirmative actions.Even the World Bank recognize that nurses can provide the majority of the care in clinical and health public services. But although our mission is based on humanistic principles, we have to point out the human rights to advocate for ethnic groups that are underserved or not have access to health.The reports of WHO and PAHO note the necessity of including the ONU´s report of Durbam´s Conference against Racism (August 2001) in the agenda of each health instituition. Particularly inLatin Americaand Caribe, we nurses must plan our actions with the main objectives of reduce and eliminate health disparities related mainly to racial an gender discrimination considering the cultural and ethnic aspects of our populations to provide culturally sensitive care.At the last number of the OBJN, I claimed to all nurses to show to the world wide what we have done, what we are doing, and our potencial skills to improve health and care for the population (CRUZ, 2002). Now, the OBJN claim to all nurses worldwide to contribute to the overall WHO/PAHO efforts and to do as much as possible to reduce an eliminate health disparities related to racial and gender discrimination.
The implementation of the nursing process methodology: problems and perspectives
Authors: Cruz Isabel Cristina Fonseca da
Published: July 2022

The adherence to an international taxonomy of the nursing practice probably will be positively related to the implementation of the nursing process in the practice setting. This paper relates a dialectic analysis for identifying problems and perspectives related to the utilization of nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and client outcomes. Twelve nurses were interviewed and based on the data it was concluded that an ideological discourse about nursing activities is  the principal obstacle to their development although the international and national political context are favorable implementation of the nursing activities.
Health and african-brazilian ethnicity research group (HABERG)
Authors: Cruz Isabel Cristina Fonseca da
Published: July 2022

Since 1994, the Health and African-Brazilian Ethnicity Research Group is focused on the social determinants of health inequalities. The group was created and is directed by Isabel Cruz, RN, PhD It is based in the Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Fluminense Federal University (RJ, Brazil). Its aims were to undertake multi-disciplinary social and health science research to advance the understanding of the social processes, particularly the racism, which underlie and mediate socio-economic inequalities in health and to advance the methodology of health inequalities research.These aims are been taking forward through two projects. The project related to the nursing diagnosis chronic low self-esteem  and the nursing intervention cultural brokerage is multi-disciplinary, involving collaborators from arts (music, dance, painting, literature), economics, history, psychology, social policy and sociology. The other project is related to the nursing diagnoses and interventions to the hypertensive client and his family. Both projects have a focus on racism and socio-economic inequalities in health, addressing for example ethnic and gender inequalities which are not yet on the scientific and policy agenda of public health.Communication with the users of research has been a priority for the HABERG, which was linked regularly to over 500 users in and beyond Brazil by the NEPAE-NESEN Eletronic Newsletter which provides updates on HABERG activities, researches, and its policy implications. The information on the website (www.uff.br/nepae/NESEN.htm) provides a record of the research group activities.Publications: all HABERG newsletter articles and research reports are displayed on the website www.uff.br/nepae or www.uff.br/nepae/NESEN.htm
Faculty position for full and visiting professor
Authors: Cruz Isabel Cristina Fonseca da
Published: July 2022

The School of Nursing is seeking candidates for Full Professor in Nursing Administration and Visiting Professor with expertise to complement the majors of the Nursing Practitioner Master Program which are administrative, community, and adult health (gender and ethnicity focus). Candidate should also have a teaching experience and a history of funding an research agenda.Candidates for Full Professor Position contact the University website: www.uff.brTo apply for the Visiting Professor position, send your curriculum vitae an a research plan to:Isabel Cristina Fonseca da Cruz, PhD, RN - Program CoordinatorEscola de Enfermagem Universidade Federal FluminenseRua Dr. Celestino, 74 - Niterói24020-091 - RJ - Brazilor e-mail to: isabelcruz@uol.com.br
Research methods to validate nursing diagnoses
Authors: Cruz Isabel Cristina Fonseca da
Published: July 2022

Research methods for validating nursing diagnoses. This paper points out cualitative (grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, and dialetics) and cuantitative (exploratory, descriptive, correlational, cuasi-experimental, and experimental) methodologies which can be for validating  nursing diagnoses.
Caring: building an new history of sensibility
Authors: Santos Iraci dos , Figueiredo Nébia , Sobral Vera , Tavares Claudia
Published: July 2022

We describe a nursing care in which interfaces are combined. This comprehension imposes personal relationships between who takes care and who gets the care. It is a sensibility history in which we assume to live free, autonomous, and independent. This care utilizes “ground”- The human and environmental ecology; the “blowing”- the life and its origin, the “tracks” – semiology for the care. A support to this knowledge is found in impulses, emotion, desire and body pleasure. The praxis reveals the alchemy of care – the modeling of care in the body other body.
Element content in human hair of residents from Simferopol city
Authors: Evstafeva Elena V. , Bogdanova Anna M. , Tymchenko Svetlana L. , Baranovskaya Natalia V. , Yusupov Dmitry V. , Evstafeva Irina A. , Makarova Anna S.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Environmental pollution is increasingly becoming a problem and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Therefore, it is important to monitor the element status of the population.
AIM: To determine the elements in residents hairs of Simferopol city, Republic of Crimea.
MATERIAL ANS METHODS: Twenty-eight elements were determined using the instrumental neutron activation method. The mercury content was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry in 80 hair samples of healthy 1720-year-old Simferopol residents (34 males and 46 females). The concentration coefficients were calculated, and the geochemical rows were plotted based on comparison with the published data from other regions..
RESULTS: The median values of the hair element content were found to be within the reference ranges for 25 out of 29 chemical elements. Excess Br and Ba were found in most residents, which could be due to the geochemical conditions. Significant sex differences in the content of Na, Ca, and Sb could be associated with differences in diet, lifestyle, and other gender-associated factors. Comparison of the geochemical elemental rows for Simferopol residents with other territories of Crimea and Krasnodar suggests a greater intake of Co, Na, Fe, and As in urban residents (Crimea) compared to Krasnodar, and in comparison with other territories of a peninsula Hg, Ag, and Zn.
CONCLUSION: Although most of the elements were within reference ranges in Simferopol residents, the anthropogenic load has increased recently, along with our previously established physiological effects of toxic metals, demonstrating the need for further biomonitoring studies.
Acoustic emission-based monitoring of fatigue damage in CFRP-CFRP adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Carboni M , Bernasconi A
Published: July 2022

Adhesively bonded joints are being increasingly applied in modern structures. However, manufacturing defects and particularly harsh operative conditions may cause local debonding and catastrophic failures. Structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) procedures
are then needed to evaluate the in-service structural integrity of adhesively bonded joints. In this research, an adhesively bonded single-lap joint, both adherends of which are manufactured using a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite, is subjected to constant amplitude fatigue
loading. During such a test, the integrity and damage condition of the joint is continuously monitored using acoustic emission (AE), while the test itself is periodically interrupted in order to apply micro-computed tomography (μCT) to the specimen, with the aim of investigating the real
features of the developing fatigue damage. The results show that, after suitable elaboration and filtering by means of pattern recognition algorithms, acoustic emission-based monitoring allows for effective identification and characterisation of the development of fatigue damage in adhesively
bonded joints.
Urine-lipoarabinomannan-might fill the gap in delayed diagnosis of life-threatening tuberculosis
Authors: Kant Surya , Kumar Ankit , Niranjan Vijeta , Bajaj Darshan Kumar , Devi Laxmi
Published: July 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli is a causative organism for tuberculosis disease. The lungs are the most commonly affected organ with this infection but it can infect any vital organ of the body. The person with signs and symptoms of tuberculosis disease was identified with detection of acid-fast bacilli in the biological specimen and with rapid molecular testing. However, the limiting factor for the early tuberculosis (Tb) diagnosis is the running cost of the diagnostic test. It is the common reason preventing the advancement of diagnostic laboratories in low and middle-income countries. The person and community both suffered from this diagnostic delay. This delay causes significant morbidity and mortality in the patient. An alternate test and an alternate sample that can be easily obtained would be beneficial to prevent these diagnostic delay issues. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen detection in the urine sample is one such promising diagnostic test. Mycobacterium tuberculosis’s inner layer is made up of glycolipids. LAM is derived from phosphatidylinositol. LAM is a heat-stable amphiphilic cell wall component. It is the precursor of phosphatidyl-inositol-mannosidase and lipomannan. An extra mannose cap is a characteristic feature of a virulent strain of Mycobacterium. LAM has immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties. It is a promising diagnostic test because it is simple to do, the assay can be performed at the patient’s bedside and takes a while to perform. This assay sensitivity varies from 56% to 85% and it has greater than 88% specificity. In HIV seropositive patients, use of LAM assay can reduce 8-week mortality. LAM detection is also a very good assay for the detection of tuberculosis in renal failure and disseminated tuberculosis patients.

Lipoarabinomannan detection in the urine is a possible test that can prevent delay in diagnosis. This is a promising test because it's easy to perform, the test can be done with a card test besides the patient's bed. It can be used in HIV seropositive patients and various other forms of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. It can be a very useful test for diagnosing a critically ill patient who is not able to produce a target sample.
Molecular systems processes and cellular mechanisms-causing to itching tingling and aching in atopic dermatitis skin conditions and repercussions for innovative therapeutics
Authors: Raju V Rama
Published: July 2022

: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prolonged seditious, rabble rousing, and inflammatory—provocative skin disease. The subjects (i.e., patients) by means of atopic-dermatitis suffer incendiary lesions linked through extreme itching plus discomfort, and that is leading to sleep disorder (and also rarely apnea), weak mental and psychological health and also quality-of-life (QoL).

: This study discusses the molecular systems processes/mechanisms causing to itching, tingling and irritation plus aching signs in atopic-dermatitis and examine the existing clinical, medical-advancement of therapies for mild-to-acute atopic-dermatitis.

: The molecular pathology of AD contains abnormal immune, protected stimulation including substantial crisscross-talk amongst the skin and safe and neural cells/neuronal cells. Exogenous and endogenous triggers modulate stimulus of mediators including cytokine/chemokine expression/release by the skin and immune cells, which causes inflammation, skin barrier disruption, activation and growth of sensory neurons, itching and paining. These complex interactions among cell types are mediated primarily by cytokines, but also involve chemokines, neurotransmitters, lipids, proteases, antimicrobial peptides, and agonists of ion channels or various G protein–coupled receptors.

: Patients with atopic dermatitis have a cytokine profile characterized by abnormal levels of interleukins 4,12,13,18,22,31 and 33; thymic stromal lymphopoietin; and interferon gamma. Cytokine receptors mainly signal through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Among emerging novel therapeutics, several Janus kinase inhibitors are being developed for topical or (general nut systemic) systematic treatment of mild to acute AD tis as of their ability to regulate-cytokine countenance then make available. Janus-kinase hampers take the lead to variations in genetic representation which has positive impacts on provincial and general (universal) cytokine-release, and possibly additional intermediaries, so well regulating molecular-cellular-mechanisms accountable for irritation, itching, tingling followed by agony in AD.

: This study explored the skin disorder in which the skin develops pink, inflamed plus wound.
Evaluation of CD4 count response in HIV subjects with antiretroviral treatment protocol
Authors: Patel Kalpesh , Patel Varun , Samnani Simran
Published: July 2022

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the CD4 count responses in subjects who are on long term first line antiretroviral treatment (ART).

A total of 200 People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), on first line ART for five years seen in the ART centre were included in the study. Patients were interviewed and details entered as per the proforma. Proforma included various details such as serial CD4 counts and Opportunistic infection pre and post ART.

Mean CD4 count pre ART was 171.32 ± 65.23 per mm and one year after ART was 374.56 ± 159.12. There was significant rise in CD4 count one year after the initiation of ART (p = 0.000) The mean CD4 count at the time of collection of data was 545.23 ± 259.11 as compared to mean CD4 count pre ART of 171.32 ± 65.23 per mm. The rise was significant.

National AIDS Control. OrganizationNACO) suggested first line regimens outcome in vigorous immunologic response that is continued over a mean period of over six years in a majority (84%) of the subjects and consequence in significant decline in opportunistic infections.
Development and evaluation of herbal handwash gel containing Andrographis paniculata alcoholic extract
Authors: Mishra Koushlesh Kumar , Kumar Anand , Gupta Aakash , Singh Sunil , Sahu Anil Kumar , Kashyap Pankaj , Mishra Saraswati Prasad
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, herbs used worldwide due to its medicinal and pharmaceutical potentials. Herbs are also used to prevent human beings from variety of diseases. In the current study, alcoholic extract of which is commonly known as green chiretta used in the development of handwash (herbal). Traditionally, green chiretta was used and known for their different pharmacological action. Alcoholic extract of loaded herbal hand wash prepared by using Carbopol-934 as gelling agent, TEA (triehanolamine) as neutralizer and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) as surfactant. Antibacterial activity of herbal handwash gel evaluated by cup plate method. Sthaphylococcus aureus, Escherihia coli and Bacillus subtilis are used to assess the potential of gel against microorganisms. It shows good potential action against Bacillus subtilis. Physicochemical characterization of herbal handwash gel was performed by morphological study such as odor, color, pH, foam height, consistency and retention as per chemical standards. The developed herbal hand wash formulation showed no side effects and outcomes are in the limits.
Therapeutic effectiveness of bacteriophage in the treatment of pneumonia caused by NDM-4 producing in a mouse model
Authors: C.S VinodKumar , H Srinivasa , Kumar Chirag Arun , Kalasuramath Suneeta , Prasad B.S , V.L Jayasimha , Nachimuthu Ramesh , Manohar Prasanth
Published: July 2022

Exploration for an alternative to antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases is becoming more important due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophage or phage has been used for the treatment of superficial infections.

In this study, phage isolated from the environment was used as a therapeutic agent against NDM-producing causing respiratory disease in an experimental mouse model. The isolated phage was found to belong to the family based on morphology. For experiments, five groups of mice were used including infection-free, phage-only, bacteria-infected, and the other two groups infected with and treated either with an antibiotic, levofloxacin (50 mg/kg, twice a day intraperitoneally) or phage (3×10 PFU/mL). All the animals were observed for 72 hours for mortality, and the surviving mice were killed for analysis.

In the infected group, pneumonia was developed after 48 hours, and 8/10 animals were dead after 72 hours. When pneumonia infected mice were treated with an antibiotic, levofloxacin all the animals survived but showed the signs of pneumonia, and there was up to 6 log CFU/g±0.82 reduction in the bacterial count. In phage treated group, all the animals survived at the end of 72 hours and all the animals were healthy with no signs of pneumonia.

The experiment showed new insights into the biology of the broad host range of phage, demonstrating that phage has prospects for the treatment of pneumonia caused by the NDM-producing .
COVID-19 associated mucormycosis with frontal bone osteomyelitis
Authors: Gupta Neha , Gupta Rajeev , Goel Rajiv , Gautam Dheeraj , Singh V P
Published: July 2022

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, increasing cases of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) have been reported. This may be attributed directly to the COVID-19 infection or the associated unrecognised uncontrolled hyperglycaemia compounded by the use of COVID-19 treatment strategies such as steroids and IL-6 inhibitors. As mucormycosis is one of the most rapidly progressing fungal infection, an early diagnosis and early appropriate management are of prime importance in reducing mortality. Rhino-orbital-cerebral and pulmonary mucormycosis have been the most common presentations of CAM. Osteomyelitis in mucormycosis is very rare, although a few cases of maxillary bone involvement have been reported with CAM. We report a very rare and challenging case of extensive frontal bone osteomyelitis in a patient with CAM with frontal sinusitis and without orbital or maxillary bone involvement.
A curious case of exploding cannonball
Authors: Dwivedi Dharm Prakash , C Sivaselvi , Bai Muniza , Sekar Mithradevi
Published: July 2022

Pulmonary cavitary lesions with pneumothorax are very common in chest imaging and usually pose diagnostic challenge to clinicians Pneumothorax with a cavitary lesion is a rare occurrence in primary and metastatic lung cancer. A 40-year-old male presented with cough with whitish expectoration, right loin pain, loss of weight and appetite for 3 months and difficulty in breathing for 2 days. Chest x-ray was suggestive of right-side pneumothorax with bilateral nodular opacities in all zones. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) thorax and abdomen revealed a non-homogenous large mass in the right kidney with hydronephrotic changes with cavitary lesions in bilateral lungs. Urine cytology was suggestive of urothelial carcinoma. Thus, a diagnosis of urothelial cancer with cavitating metastasis leading to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was made. Herein, we aim to highlight that cavitating metastasis should be considered in a case of pneumothorax with bilateral lung nodules.
Jornada de Estudos para Educação Onlife: um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Forneck Kári Lúcia , Fiorese Lucimara , Benini Érika Luíse
Published: July 2022

A educação em tempos contemporâneos vem requerendo dos professores adaptações, considerando a inserção de Tecnologias Digitais (TD) em suas práticas de ensino. Para isso, é importante oportunizar contextos de formação continuada de professores para o uso de TD em sala de aula. Considerando esse cenário, o presente estudo relata a experiência de uma jornada de estudos acerca do uso de Tecnologias Digitais, para o desenvolvimento da educação onLIFE e do letramento digital. Assim, num primeiro momento, apresenta-se a execução da Jornada de Estudos: Ensino, Linguagens e Tecnologias, desenvolvida para discutir temáticas relevantes ao uso de TD em contextos de aulas remotas; num segundo momento, são apresentadas percepções dos professores participantes acerca da experiência formativa, obtidas por meio de formulários online. O conteúdo das respostas foi analisado a partir de uma aproximação com a Análise Textual Discursiva, em que emergiram três categorias: “a formação continuada e os desafios da tecnologia”, “vivemos em tempos de conexão?!” e “a prática docente em tempos de hiperconexão: leitura e escrita em ambientes digitais”. Como resultados, podem ser destacadas a) a necessidade de aprofundar discussões sobre a presença ou ausência de Tecnologias Digitais em sala de aula, b) a importância de oportunizar formações continuadas conectadas com as Tecnologias Digitais; e c) o uso de tecnologias em sala de aula, como percepção da educação onLIFE, que se dá por meio de plataformas, recursos e ferramentas digitais que são percebidas pelos docentes como contribuições de aulas hiperconectadas que promovem letramento digital.
 
Palavras-chave: Educação onLIFE. Formação continuada. Letramento digital. Tecnologias digitais.
Discursos de odio y comunicación violenta ante contenidos de prensa digital en Ecuador
Authors: Oña-Arcentales Karla , Alvarado-Angulo Diana , Cabrera-Martínez Lourdes , Ureña-López Ricardo
Published: July 2022

La globalización tecnológica trajo consigo nuevos escenarios de interacción marcados por reglas y dinámicas distintas a la comunicación offline. En el caso concreto de esta investigación, el interés estuvo centrado en examinar, cómo frente a hechos de violencia de género difundidos en plataformas digitales de medios de comunicación, un sector de la audiencia manifiesta discursos de odio y comunicación violenta. Los objetivos específicos estuvieron orientados a identificar y explicar las categorías de comunicación violenta y discurso de odio, las formas de interacción y los elementos comunicativos empleados por los usuarios. Se siguió una estrategia metodológica cuantitativa; para ello se recurrió al análisis de contenido y se utilizó como instrumento una matriz. Las unidades de análisis fueron 1013 comentarios y 3055 reacciones generadas en tres eventos de incidencia nacional y publicados en las plataformas de Facebook de los medios de comunicación El Comercio, La Gaceta y Código Enfoque. Entre los resultados más relevantes se destaca una mayor frecuencia de discursos de odio y comunicación violenta en casos que involucran a migrantes y personas privadas de la libertad (ppl). De igual manera se evidenció un predominio de imaginarios que legitiman formas de crianza basadas en la violencia. Además, es peculiar la forma en que estas expresiones son reafirmadas con la reacción me gusta y en menor frecuencia se advierten reacciones del tipo me enoja o me entristece.
An exploratory investigation of the perspectives of educated parents on the gender roles and stereotypes in child and adolescent sexuality
Authors: Huiracocha-Tutiven Lourdes , Orellana-Paucar Adriana , Abril-Ulloa Victoria , Huiracocha-Tutiven Mirian , Clavijo María-Isabel
Published: July 2022

The exploratory research presented in this article investigated the perspectives on the gender roles and stereotypes in the care of children and their sexual education of a small group of educated parents, using a patriarchal model. The sample consisted of 30 parents of which 20 participated in in-depth interviews, and 10 in two focus groups, 5 in each group. All 23 women and 7 men possessed a third-level degree, and some held a postgraduate diploma. It was found that even educated parents reproduce patterns they learned within the traditional family. A man decides and enjoys free and dominant sexuality, while a woman is required to have a beautiful body and be a wife who submits sexually to her husband. The study concludes that the caring role of women, the subalternity and maternalism-marianism of female identity, and the care of the body and the norms of beauty are the female characteristics that still dominate social thinking. However, due to the increasing participation of women in the labor market, women are becoming gradually more autonomous.
Cooperativismo y emprendimiento social: alternativas para el bien común
Authors: Arias-Amaguaña Andrés , Sigüenza-Orellana Sonia , Pinos-Ramón Lucía , Álava-Atiencie Gabriela
Published: July 2022

Las crisis y desarrollos económicos, tecnológicos y sociales, promueven la formación de iniciativas innovadoras y creativas, que buscan disminuir las exclusiones y desigualdades sociales en los territorios. Entre estas iniciativas se identifica al cooperativismo, la economía popular y solidaria y el emprendimiento social, alternativas que comparten principios, prácticas y objetivos orientados al bien común. En este contexto, la presente investigación plantea como objetivo analizar la aplicación de principios cooperativos y la intención de emprendedora de las personas asociadas a la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Jardín Azuayo. El procesamiento de datos se lo realizó mediante la aplicación de técnicas cuantitativas descriptivas-explicativas-correlacionales, a partir de los datos obtenidos en la encuesta aplicada a una muestra representativa de 267 personas. Los resultados evidenciaron un «muy alto» nivel de percepción de la aplicación de principios cooperativo, a excepción del principio «participación económica entre los miembros». Respecto a la intención emprendedora, la mayoría de las personas asociadas tienen un nivel «muy alto», observando que las mujeres socias tienen una mayor intención emprendedora que los hombres. Finalmente, se muestra una relación positiva y significativa entre los principios cooperativos y la intención emprendedora de los miembros de la COAC Jardín Azuayo del Cantón Cuenca, con excepción del principio «participación económica entre los miembros». En conclusión, el cooperativismo y el emprendimiento social por su carácter colectivo y cooperativo impulsan el desarrollo promoviendo una economía social y solidaria, que tiene arraigo local, pero que tiene incidencia global.
Análisis y optimización de paneles corrugados tipo sándwich de carbono/epoxi sometido a compresión
Authors: Coello-Tapia Luis , Jácome-Guevara Fausto , Zurita Jonathan , Bustillos Diego
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de analizar y optimizar un panel corrugado tipo sándwich de carbono/epoxi sometido a cargas de compresión, ya que las técnicas tradicionales de optimización de estructuras de materiales compuestos no son aplicables o son muy limitadas. Se utilizó una metodología de cálculo práctica y sencilla que permitió conocer el comportamiento y configuración óptima del panel por medio de un modelo analítico de optimización. Luego se validaron los resultados a través de un modelo de elementos finitos (FEM), donde se encontraron diferencias del 4% entre los dos modelos con laminados simétricos y del 25% con laminados asimétricos, es así que la metodología desarrollada sirve únicamente para diseños con laminados simétricos, lo cual sugiere que se debería incluir una teoría que permita considerar la asimetría de los laminados. La metodología empleada podría servir de base para la recopilación de nuevos resultados y posibles comparaciones.
Comparing attitudes towards people with substance use disorders between healthcare professionals and general public
Authors: AKSOY Hilmi , MERCAN Neşe
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to compare attitudes and to examine the variables related to the attitudes and attitudes of health professionals in a psychiatric hospital and the general public towards individuals who use substances. Methods: The study was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample study included 212 healthcare professionals employed in a psychiatric hospital and 427 individuals representing the general public. The study data were obtained by using the Introductory Information Form, the Attitudes Toward Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Scale, and the Attitudes and Behaviors of the Society Towards Individuals Using the Addictive Substances Scale. Results: In this study, it was determined that marital status, number of children, educational status, and alcohol consumption related to the attitude. The attitudes of healthcare professionals towards addiction treatment were determined to be positive. When the attitudes scores of an average of healthcare professionals (80.23±19.10) and the general public (91.40±17.76) were compared, a statistically significant difference was found according to the T-test results. Conclusion: The results of this study can increase awareness about the level of attitudes of health workers and the general public toward individuals who use substances. By considering the results of this study, educational activities can be planned to reduce negative attitudes. Individuals who do not or rarely use alcohol, individuals with a low level of knowledge, and those with relatives with substance use disorder can be encouraged to participate more in these training activities. It is recommended to review motivations, the working conditions, and the training curriculum of nurses, and in-depth investigation of the variables that cause the public’s negative attitude.
The Role of Scintigraphy and Hybrid Single-Photon Emission Tomography in Comparison with Laboratory Data in a Comprehensive Examination of Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Prokina V. Е. , Ansheles А. А. , Tarasov A. V. , Ametov A. S. , Sergienko V. B.
Published: July 2022

Objective:to estimate the possibilities and determine the diagnostic value of scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in the assessment of the functional state of parathyroids in comparison with laboratory data in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).   Material and methods.The study consistently included 64 patients with the established diagnosis of SHPT due to the acquired vitamin D deficiency or with terminal chronic kidney disease (CKD), with the presence of ultrasound data and laboratory tests of calcium-phosphoric exchange indicators. Neck and mediastum nuclear study with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) was performed in the planar two-phase scintigraphy mode according to the standard protocol with an estimation of parathyroid visualization intensity, as well as in SPECT/CT performed 1 hour after MIBI injection.   Results. In the group of patients with CKD as a cause of SHPT (n = 14), the most pronounced increase of parathyroid hormone (PTH) level (210.8 ± 103.0 vs. 107.0 ± 40.2 pg/ml in patients with vitamin D deficiency (n = 50, p < 0.001)) and phosphorus (mean 1.39 ± 0.51 mmol/l), as well as excess of normal levels of alkaline phosphatase (407.7 ± 338.1 units/l) were noted. In patients with vitamin D deficiency, impaired parathyroids according to SPECT/CT data was visualized in 8 % of cases, and in patients with CKD in 14.3 %. No significant differences in the mean levels of vitamin D in patients with (n = 46) and without (n = 4) modified parathyroids according to scintigraphy were detected: 26.06 ± 13.19 vs. 25.82 ± 18.80 ng/ml, respectively (p = 0.97). Differences in PTH and calcium levels were not observed: 91.3 ± 39.2 vs. 89.2 ± 29.5 pg/ml (p = 0.90), 2.53 ± 0.21 vs. 2.58 ± 0,15 mmol/l (p = 0.64), respectively.

   Conclusion.The neck SPECT/CT is a key method of topical imaging of impaired parathyroids in preoperative preparation of patients with SHPT caused by CKD. The method may have a diagnostic value in treatment-resistant patients with vitamin D deficiency and upper-normal PTH and calcium levels in terms of detection of the nodular form of parathyroid hyperplasia. The implementation of SPECT/CT after 1 hour after MIBI injection increases the sensitivity of the study.
Radiological Semiotics of Different Types of Nontuberculous Pulmonary Mycobacterioses
Authors: Amansakhedov R. B. , Dmitrieva L. I. , Smirnova T. G. , Egorova A. D. , Ergeshov A. E.
Published: July 2022

Objective: to determine, evaluate, and describe different radiological patterns of microbiologically identified nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterioses (NTPM) based on multislice computed tomography data.   Material and methods. The study included 102 patients with radiological signs of lung disease and different types of NTPM. Slowly growing types of NTPM were detected in 62 (60.8 %) patients, and rapidly growing NTPM – in 40 (39.2 %). The diagnosis was established considering a patient’s complaints, a specified case history, radiological and clinical laboratory data including microscopic studies of sputum from 63 (61.8 %) patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and different types of bronchial biopsies data from 19 (18.6 %) patients, samples of lung video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery from 17 (16.7%) patients, pleural fluid samples from 2 (1.9 %) patients, and oropharyngeal wash samples from 1 (1 %) patient. We used the Somatom Emotion 16 multislice computed tomograph (Siemens) and the high-resolution algorithm (HRCT) with 0.8 mm slice thickness and 1.5 mm slice increment.   Results. The HRCT data were highly polymorphic and showed interstitial focal changes, different calibre bronchiectasis, conglomerates or cavities, involvements of vessels or pleural layers. In some patients, changes in the axial interstitium were accompanied by single small focal consolidations located either discretely or in small groups. Peribronchovascular spread of dissemination foci in NTPM was detected by HRCT as irregular infiltration of the axial interstitium (vasculitis type). Changes in the bronchial tree in NTPM were characterized by bronchiolitis symptoms (extensive thickening of bronchial walls, bronchioles) with development of the tree-in-bud sign predominantly in the subpleural lung regions. In some cases, bronchiectatic changes formed conglomerate consolidations of sublobular or lobular extent. Changes of the bronchial tree were detected by HRCT predominantly as signs of deforming bronchitis, cylindrical, varicose, or cystic bronchiectasis, either restricted or spread. Changes might be accompanied by single multi-dimensional cystic bronchiectatic cavities.   Conclusion. Typical HRCT signs of NTPM are endobronchial and peribronchovascular spread of foci, development of multi-dimensional conglomerates, deforming bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and presence of single multi-dimensional cystic bronchiectatic cavities.
Diagnostic Pitfalls in Patients with Aortomesenteric Duodenal Compression
Authors: Semenyukov А. А. , Balanyuk E. А. , Vorob’eva V. О. , Nudnov N. V.
Published: July 2022

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, first reported by Karl Freiger von Rokitansky, is a rare disorder associated with the compression of the horizontal part of the duodenum between the mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. A rare clinical observation of the development of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 19-year-old patient is presented to raise the awareness of doctors about this syndrome and the need for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.
Maxillary Sinus Pneumocele
Authors: Savrasova N. A. , Melnichenko Yu. M. , Kabak S. L. , Perminov A. B.
Published: July 2022

Hyperpneumatization of the paranasal sinuses is a rare condition. Hypersinus, pneumosinus dilatans, and pneumocele are the three types of excessive pneumatization according to the traditional classification proposed by Urken et al. (1987). If in the first case, no treatment is required, but the latter two may be accompanied by aesthetic and/or functional disorders or may result in pressure effects on adjacent anatomical objects, therefore they require surgical correction. Maxillary sinus pneumocele is described in few publications. The presented case demonstrates typical clinical and radiographic signs of the maxillary sinus pneumocele, as well as hypersinus on the contralateral side. Cone beam computed tomography scans in combination with anamnestic and clinical data provide key information for the diagnosis of maxillary sinus pneumocele, as well as for differential diagnosis with other variants of their excessive pneumatization.
Local Bone Dencity in Neglected Ankle Fractures
Authors: Sutyagin I. V. , Nizhechik S. А. , Stepanov R. V. , Netsvetov P. V. , Burtsev A. V.
Published: July 2022

Objective: determining the neglected ankle fractures clinical stages based on the analysis of computed tomograms (CT) at various time from the injury and radiological findings in different types of ankle injury.   Material and methods. An open randomized multicenter study included 48 patients with Weber type B and C ankle fractures (15 males, 33 females) aged from 27 to 68 years old (mean age 45 years old). The result of the CT analysis for each patient was the ratio of bone density on the damaged side to the bone density of the intact ankle. Next, the correlation was defined between the attitude and time from injury (in days) as well as diastasis (in millimeters) and age (in years).   Results. Mean bone density in the period up to 15 days was 403.25 ± 63.74 HU, in the period between 15 and 32 days – 359.85 ± 71.34 HU, in the period more than 32 days – 271.91 ± 73.34 HU. Local bone density is inversely proportional to the time from injury (correlation coefficient –0.678) and the fracture gap (correlation coefficient –0.396). There was no significant dependence of local bone density on the patient’s age (correlation coefficient –0.177). Local bone density significantly (p = 0.05) decreased in the period of more than 14 days from the injury and was 80% and less from intact bone density in the period of more than 32 days from the injury (p = 0.0004). Signs of fracture healing appeared, in average, on the 28 th day after the injury with the fracture gap less than 1 mm.   Conclusion. From the point of view of preoperative planning, neglected ankle fractures bone density critical points are 14 th and 32 nd days after injury.
The Use of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Jejunal Diverticulosis Complicated by Diverticulitis and Intestinal Bleeding
Authors: Labutin V. K. , Rostovtsev M. V. , Nudnov N. V. , Nadaraya V. M. , Godzhello M. A. , Litvinenko I. V. , Nikonorova T. A. , Vorob’eva V. O.
Published: July 2022

The jejunal diverticulosis is rare and accounts for approximately 0.5–1 % of the general population. Diagnosis of the pathology is difficult even in the presence of symptomatic complications (perforation, abscess, peritonitis, sepsis, intestinal obstruction and bleeding), therefore, it is often overlooked or delayed, which requires high awareness and vigilance of physicians. Emergency surgical interventions are performed due to the lack of clear clinical symptoms and reliable radiological data in an average of 25 % of patients with complications of diverticulosis. In the presented case, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with intravenous contrasting revealed multiple diverticula of the jejunum with reactively altered walls, infiltration of the adjacent cellular tissue and small gas inclusions, indicating diverticulum microperforation. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed which confirmed the jejunum bleeding, and was followed by laparotomy which confirmed multiple jejunal diverticula with microperforation and bleeding. Thus, timely MSCT in combination with EGD allowed to avoid complications of jejunal diverticulitis.
CT Diagnostics of Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Invagination Due to the Jejunal Wall Lipoma
Authors: Nikonorova T. А. , Rostovtsev M. V. , Nudnov N. V. , Nadaraya V. М. , Godzhello M. А. , Daabul A. S. , Boronoev V. B. , Kholmurodova K. М. , Vorob’eva V. О.
Published: July 2022

A rare case of jejunal lipoma complicated by intestinal intussusception in a 71-year-old man is presented. Abdominal computed tomography revealed intestinal intussusception caused by the jejunal wall lipoma, allowed to timely make a diagnosis and perform surgical treatment.
Role and Place of PET/CT in the Assessment of Skin Melanoma Prevalence
Authors: Sorokina M. V. , Redkin A. N. , Ustinova E. Yu. , Manukovskaya O. V.
Published: July 2022

Skin melanoma is potentially the most dangerous form among all tumor skin lesions. According to statistics, melanoma accounts for about 90% of deaths. The cause of high mortality of patients is early metastasis. At the same time, melanoma metastases can be localized in almost all organs and tissues. In addition to local and regional metastasis to the skin, subcutaneous tissue and lymph nodes, metastatic melanoma of distant organs is not uncommon, and this dramatically worsens the prognosis of the disease. High-quality instrumental diagnostics at various stages of patient management (from primary diagnosis to treatment control) allow to reduce mortality and increase the overall survival of patients. Positron emission tomography in combination with computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used in the last decade as a dominant imaging method for initial staging, control of treatment and detection of progression or recurrence of various types of cancer, including melanoma. It is of great practical importance for predicting survival outcomes, assessing the risk of disease progression, as well as the effectiveness of radiation and systemic therapy. It is PET/CT that allows to simultaneously evaluate the condition of all organs and tissues with minimal radiation load being more sensitive and specific imaging method in comparison with ultrasound, CT and magnetic resonance imaging. PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is the most effective method for early detection of asymptomatic melanoma recurrence. In addition to accurate setting the tumor process stage, this method is crucial to ensure adequate and effective treatment, which in turn will increase the life expectancy of this category of patients in the near future.
Current Radiological Aspects of Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture of the Knee
Authors: Ivankov А. P. , Seliverstov P. V.
Published: July 2022

Subchondral stress insufficiency fracture of the knee is a new type of fracture that occurs in people of the older age group (from 50–55 years old) when exposed to a normal load on weakened bone trabeculae. In Russian sources, there is few information about this type of fracture. This is primarily due to the fact that initially the world and domestic medical communities designated this type of pathology as “spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee”. In recent years, this term has been revised abroad and replaced by a more suitable one – “subchondral insufficiency fracture”. The etiology of insufficiency fracture is based on many diseases and conditions that lead to bone tissue weakening (osteoporosis, collagenosis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-radiation changes in bones, etc.). The main method for diagnosing this type of fracture is magnetic resonance imaging, since it is able to detect a fracture at any stage (especially at an early one). According to modern concepts, the terms “osteonecrosis” and “subchondral insufficiency fracture” require completely different approaches to the treatment. In the presence of complications, a fracture of insufficiency of the knee joint condyles threatens with subchondral collapse and secondary osteoarthritis, which leads to disability of a patient. Given the relevance of this medical problem, the aim of the review is to show the current state of literature data on the issue.
A Novel Method of 3D Multipoint Geostatistical Inversion Using 2D Training Images
Authors: Huang Jixin , Wang Chuanfeng , Wang Lixin , Hu Xun , Feng Wenjie , Yin Yanshu
Published: July 2022

The seismic inversion method combined with multipoint geostatistics theory has begun to receive attention, but the acquisition accuracy and calculation efficiency of 3D training image still need more optimization. This paper presents a novel method of 3D multipoint geostatistical inversion based on 2D training images directly. The 2D training image was scanned by the data template to acquire the multipoint statistical probability in 2D direction. The probability fusion method is used to fuse the 2D multipoint probability into 3D multipoint probability. The rock facies types and patterns of the simulated points are obtained by random sampling. On this basis, the elastic parameters are extracted from the statistical rock physics model, and the seismic records are convoluted. Then, the synthetic records and the actual records were compared under a given threshold. If the error exceeds the given threshold, the iterative adaptive spatial sampling method will be used to repeat the process above-mentioned, so as to ensure that the error is below the threshold. Because the 2D training image is easy to obtain and evaluate, the demand problem of 3D training image is solved. The 2D training image scanning, probability storage and access are more convenient, and the adaptive spatial sampling method is more efficient than the reject sampling, so as to ensure the operation efficiency. The model from the Stanford Center for Reservoir Forecasting is selected to test the effectiveness of this newly designed method.