bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new 3D Zn(II)‐based MOF with gra topological network as a photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation
Authors: Bao Lei , Ghosh Mithun Kumar , Miao Yao , Cao Liang , Ansari Istikhar A. , Muddassir Mohd. , Ghorai Tanmay Kumar , Jin Jun‐Cheng
Published: July 2024

A novel zinc‐based metal–organic framework (Zn‐MOF), designated as [Zn3(L)(bpyp)2(HCOO)3·2DMF·H2O] (1), was synthesized using 2,5‐bis(pyrid‐4‐yl)pyridine (bpyp), 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3L), and Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O in a DMF solution. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that MOF 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a C2/c space group, featuring a (3,5)‐connected binodal network. The structural integrity and characteristics of MOF 1 were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses, showing type IV isotherms indicative of microporous structures. The photocatalytic efficiency of MOF 1 was evaluated for the degradation of various antibiotics under UV light, with nitrofurantoin (NFT) demonstrating the highest degradation rate of 83.9% at an optimal concentration of 40 ppm and catalyst loading of 5 mg. The degradation process followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.02492 min−1. Radical trapping experiments identified superoxide radicals (O2˙−) and holes (h+) as the predominant reactive species, while hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) played a negligible role. Reusability tests over four cycles confirmed the stability and durability of MOF 1, with consistent photocatalytic performance and unchanged structural morphology as evidenced by PXRD and SEM analyses. The proposed mechanism involves photoinduced electron–hole pair generation, with subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitating NFT degradation. This study highlights MOF 1 as a promising photocatalyst for environmental remediation, specifically for the efficient degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants in aquatic systems, providing insights into its structural properties, photocatalytic activity, and underlying degradation mechanisms.
Day‐case artificial urinary sphincter for post‐prostatectomy incontinence: A comparative pilot study
Authors: Kapriniotis Konstantinos , Loufopoulos Ioannis , Nobrega Richard , Noah Anthony , Gresty Helena , Greenwell Tamsin , Ockrim Jeremy
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) to treat post‐prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) has been traditionally offered with an overnight hospital stay. The aim of this prospective, comparative pilot study was to assess the feasibility and outcomes of the AUS procedure in a day‐case setting.

Patients and methods

We included consecutive patients having primary or redo AUS surgery over an 18‐month period. We excluded patients with previous urethral erosion of AUS, urethroplasty or high anaesthetic risk. All patients were offered day‐case surgery. Patients who declined or could not have day‐case surgery for logistical reasons had standard care with overnight stay and formed the control group for the study. Primary outcome was the proportion of successful same day‐discharges in the day‐case group. We also compared baseline characteristics, complications and continence at 1 year post surgery.

Results

Twelve patients consented for day‐case procedure, and 13 patients had standard overnight care. Mean age was 69.5 years (range 58–79). Twenty‐one patients (84%) had primary AUS, whereas 4 (16%) had a redo procedure. There were no significant differences between the groups in baseline demographics. Median number of pads/24 h was 5 in the day‐case group and 4 in the overnight group. Eight of 12 patients (66.7%) in the day‐case group were successfully discharged on the same day. Failed discharges were due to anaesthetic recovery (n = 2), high post‐void residuals that resolved spontaneously (n = 1) and intraoperative superficial urethral injury (n = 1). All patients in the day‐case group and all but one in the standard of care group were socially continent (0–1 pads) at 1 year post procedure.

Conclusion

Day‐case catheter‐free discharge of AUS patients is feasible and safe in selected patients with comparable continence outcomes and complication rates to those with standard overnight stays.
„History is touchy“ Die History‐of‐Programming‐Languages‐Konferenz, 1978
Authors: Mittlmeier Amelie
Published: July 2024

Less than twenty years after computer science was able to establish itself as an academic discipline, a group of US computer scientists organized a conference on the history of programming languages. The conference is distinguished from other self‐historicization projects by the organizer's claim to present an “accurate” account of their own discipline's history. However, the actors encountered challenges in terms of how to present their own history “objectively.” How to deal with incomplete memories? How to avoid putting others in a bad light? There was far from agreement on these points and heated discussions ensued. Strategies had to be developed and compromises made to make the project a reality. The conference was intended to contribute to the history of computer science and the organizers sought exchange with professional historians. However, the project met with little interest among them. Rather, the discussion between the computer scientists and the historians shows how the history of science also struggled with questions of how to deal suitably with the past. In this respect, the Computer Scientists’ Conference not only illuminates the history of computer science, but also offers a new perspective on the history of the history of science.
Intramuscular administration of fractalkine modulates mitochondrial properties and promotes fast glycolytic phenotype
Authors: Swalsingh Gourabamani , Pani Punyadhara , Senapati Unmod , Sahu Bijayashree , Pani Sunil , Pati Benudhara , Rout Subhasmita , Bal Naresh C.
Published: July 2024

A newly categorized myokine called fractalkine (CX3CL1) has been associated with divergent conditions such as obesity, tissue inflammation, and exercise. CX3CL1 works through specific membrane‐bound receptors (CX3CR1) found in various tissues including skeletal muscles. Studies indicate CX3CL1 induces muscles to uptake energy substrates thereby improving glucose utilization and countering diabetes. Here, we tested if the administration of purified CX3CL1 directly into mice skeletal muscles affects its histoarchitecture, mitochondrial activity, and expression of metabolic proteins. We analyzed four muscles: two upper‐limb (quadriceps, hamstrings) and two lower‐limb (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius), contralateral leg muscles were taken as controls. The effects of CX3CL1 treatment on histoarchitecture, mitochondrial activity, and expression of metabolic proteins in muscles were characterized. We used histochemical staining succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)/cytochrome c oxidase (COX), myosin ATPase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to evaluate the mitochondrial activity, fiber types, and vascularization in the muscles, respectively. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of proteins associated with mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS), glycolysis, and vascularization. Overall, this study indicates CX3CL1 primarily modulates mitochondrial metabolism and shifts substrate preference toward glucose in the skeletal muscle. Evidence also supports that CX3CL1 stimulates the relative composition of fast fiber types, influencing selection of energy substrates in the skeletal muscle.
Just passing through: Deploying aquaporins in microbial cell factories
Authors: Jenkins Sánchez Liam Richard , Sips Lobke Maria , Van Bogaert Inge Noëlle Adriënne
Published: July 2024

As microbial membranes are naturally impermeable to even the smallest biomolecules, transporter proteins are physiologically essential for normal cell functioning. This makes transporters a key target area for engineering enhanced cell factories. As part of the wider cellular transportome, aquaporins (AQPs) are responsible for transporting small polar solutes, encompassing many compounds which are of great interest for industrial biotechnology, including cell feedstocks, numerous commercially relevant polyols and even weak organic acids. In this review, examples of cell factory engineering by targeting AQPs are presented. These AQP modifications aid in redirecting carbon fluxes and boosting bioconversions either by enhanced feedstock uptake, improved intermediate retention, increasing product export into the media or superior cell viability against stressors with applications in both bacterial and yeast production platforms. Additionally, the future potential for AQP deployment and targeting is discussed, showcasing hurdles and considerations of this strategy as well as recent advances and future directions in the field. By leveraging the natural diversity of AQPs and breakthroughs in channel protein engineering, these transporters are poised to be promising tools capable of enhancing a wide variety of biotechnological processes.
A Review of Electrospun Carbon‐Based Nanofibers Materials used in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wei Chengbiao , Shao Xiaodong , Lin Feng , Liu Xiaoyan , Ding Wei , Wang Guoxu , Liu Hao , Gan Ruihui
Published: July 2024

Commercial lithium‐ion batteries are gradually approaching their theoretical specific energy, which cannot meet the fast‐growing energy storage demands. Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are anticipated to supersede lithium‐ion batteries as the next‐generation energy storage system owing to their high atheoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1) and energy density (2600 Wh kg−1). Nonetheless, Li−S batteries encounter several challenges, including the inadequate conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide, sulfur's volume expansion, and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides, all of which significantly impact the practical utilization of Li−S batteries. Electrospun carbon‐based nanofibers can simultaneously resolve these issues with their economical preparation, distinctive nanostructure, and exceptional flexibility. This review presents the most recent research findings on electrospun carbon‐based nanofibers materials serving as sulfur hosts and interlayer components in Li−S batteries. We analyzed the impact of the material's structural design on the performance of Li−S batteries and the relative underlying mechanism. Finally, the current challenges and issues faced by carbon‐based nanofibers composites in the application of Li−S batteries are summarized, and the future development trajectory are outlined.
Theoretical Insight into Complexation Between Cyclocarbons and C60 Fullerene
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Lu Tian
Published: July 2024

This work conducts a comprehensive theoretical study on the non‐covalent complexation between cyclocarbons and C60 fullerene for the first time. The binding energy between cyclocarbons and C60 fullerene is significantly stronger than that between two C18 or two C60 fullerenes, indicating a particularly strong affinity. The cyclocarbons and C60 fullerene can spontaneously assemble into complexes in the gas phase at room temperature, and the hydrophobic effect caused by the solvent environment can promote this binding. The binding strength with C60 fullerene increases almost linearly with the increase of cyclocarbon size, and the C34@C60 dimer exhibits a perfect nano‐Saturn structure. As the ring size increases, the angle between the two cyclocarbons of the 2 : 1 trimers formed by cyclocarbons and C60 fullerene gradually decreases. In C60@2 C34 trimer, the fullerene is symmetrically surrounded by two cyclocarbons. The results on the trimers formed by cyclocarbon and C60 fullerenes in a 1 : 2 ratio showed when the cyclocarbon sandwiched between two fullerenes is not quite large, the trimers exhibit an ideal dumbbell‐like structure, and the presence of the first fullerene has a significant synergistic effect on the binding of the second one. The cyclocarbon greatly promotes the dimerization of fullerenes, which acted as a “molecular glue”.
Helix‐to‐Disc Conversion of Thia[6]helicenes into Coronenes Facilitated by Sulfur Oxidation and Fluorination
Authors: Seino Kaito , Okano Tsubasa , Oya Koki , Katagiri Hiroshi , Murase Takashi
Published: July 2024

Helicenes, with their unique helical structures, have long captured the interest of synthetic chemists, not only as end products, but also as versatile platforms for further chemical transformations. However, transforming [6]helicene into planar coronene typically requires harsh conditions and poses significant challenges. Herein, we demonstrate that replacing the terminal benzene ring of [6]helicene with a thiophene ring enables its photochemical transformation into coronene. Sulfur oxidation of the thiophene ring enables the corresponding thermal transformation, and the terminal tetrafluorination of the opposite benzene ring further accelerates this process, yielding 1,2‐difluorocoronene, as confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The transformation begins with an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction, whose activation energy is significantly lowered by these structural changes. Our findings underscore the utility of strategic modifications such as sulfur oxidation and fluorination in promoting this “helix‐to‐disc” conversion and opening new avenues for synthesizing functional polycyclic aromatics.
Secure paths based trustworthy fault‐tolerant routing in data center networks
Authors: Liu Kaiyun , Fan Weibei , Xiao Fu , Mao Haolin , Huang Huipeng , Zhao Yizhou
Published: July 2024

With the continuous expansion scale of data center networks (DCNs), the probability of network failures becomes high. Trustworthy fault‐tolerant routing is extremely significant for reliable communication in data centers. In this article, we tackle the challenge by proposing a novel fault‐tolerant routing scheme for a torus‐based DCN. First, we present a multipath information transmission model based on the trust degree of reachable paths and propose a novel Hamiltonian odd–even turning model without deadlock. Second, we design an efficient deadlock‐free fault‐routing algorithm by constructing the longest fault‐free path between any two fault‐free nodes in DCN. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed fault‐tolerant routing outperforms the previous algorithms. Compared with the most advanced fault‐tolerant routing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a 21.5% to 25.3% increase in throughput and packet arrival rate. Moreover, it can reduce the average delay of 18.6% and the maximum delay of 23.7% in the network respectively.
Chemistry of Antimony in Radiopharmaceutical Development: Unlocking the Theranostic Potential of Sb Isotopes
Authors: Grundmane Aivija , Radchenko Valery , Ramogida Caterina F.
Published: July 2024

Antimony‐119 (119Sb) holds promise for radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT), emitting short‐range Auger and conversion electrons that can deliver cytotoxic radiation on a cellular level. While it has high promise theoretically, experimental validation is necessary for 119Sb in vivo applications. Current 119Sb production and separation methods face robustness and compatibility challenges in radiopharmaceutical synthesis. Limited progress in chelator development hampers targeted experiments with 119Sb. This review compiles literature on the toxicological, biodistribution and redox properties of Sb, along with existing Sb complexes, evaluating their suitability for radiopharmaceuticals. Sb(III) is suggested as the preferred oxidation state for radiopharmaceutical elaboration due to its stability in vivo and lack of skeletal uptake. While Sb complexes with both hard and soft donor atoms can be achieved, Sb thiol complexes offer enhanced stability and compatibility with the desired Sb(III) oxidation state. For 119Sb to find application in RPT, scientists need to make discoveries and advancements in the areas of isotope production, and radiometal chelation. This review aims to guide future research towards harnessing the therapeutic potential of 119Sb in RPT.
A Photoinduced Annulation Strategy Towards a Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Chromophore: Scope, Mechanism, Properties and Applications
Authors: Labro Marine , Pollien Audrey , Mosser Maëlle , Pitrat Delphine , Mulatier Jean‐Christophe , Seinfeld Mathilde , Bahers Tangui Le , Baguenard Bruno , Guy Stéphan , Monnereau Cyrille , Guy Laure
Published: July 2024

This article reports a detailed mechanistic and kinetic study of an unusual photoreaction leading to the (diazonia)tetrabenzonaphthacene skeleton. The photo‐triggered double intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr*) has been investigated by varying the leaving groups. Photoreaction quantum yields have been determined and mechanistic insights have been supported by theoretical calculations using DFT and TD‐DFT methods. Additionally, we show that this light‐triggered formed diazonia constitutes a potent photosentitizer with a singlet oxygen generation quantum yield of 0.55, both in organic solvents and in water, which is an extremely relevant value in view of PDT applications or use as an oxidation photocatalyst in aqueous media. Once again, the experimental observations were supported by TD‐DFT calculations showing a large density of triplet states below the S1 excited state along with large spin‐orbit couplings. The reaction is not restricted to solutions but can also occur in solid PDMS matrices thus allowing for photochemical encoding of information that will progressively vanish upon prolonged UV‐exposure.
Mechanical strength of stock and custom abutments as original and aftermarket components after thermomechanical aging
Authors: Pol Christiaan W. P. , Cune Marco S. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Naves Lucas Z. , Meijer Henny J. A.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The study aimed to assess the impact on the mechanical strength and failure patterns of implant‐abutment complexes of choosing different abutment types, designs and manufacturers, aiding in selecting the optimal restorative solution. Stock and custom abutments from original and aftermarket suppliers were subjected to thermomechanical aging.

Material and Methods

Stock and custom abutments from the implant manufacturer (original) and a aftermarket supplier (nonoriginal) were connected to identical implants with internal connection. Custom abutments were designed in a typical molar and premolar design, manufactured using the workflow from the respective suppliers. A total of 90 implants (4 mm diameter, 3.4 mm platform, 13 mm length) equally divided across 6 groups (three designs, two manufacturers) underwent thermo‐mechanical aging according to three different regimes, simulating five (n = 30) or 10 years (n = 30) of clinical function, or unaged control (n = 30). Subsequently, all samples were tested to failure.

Results

During aging, no failures occurred. The mean strength at failure was 1009N ± 171, showing significant differences between original and nonoriginal abutments overall (−230N ± 27.1, p < .001), and within each abutment type (p = .000), favoring original abutments. Aging did not significantly affect the failure load, while the type of abutment and manufacturer did, favoring original and custom‐designed abutments. The most common failure was implant bending or deformation, significantly differing between original and nonoriginal abutments and screws. All failure tests resulted in clinically unsalvageable implants and abutments.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, original abutments exhibited a higher mechanical strength compared to the nonoriginal alternative, regardless of the amount of simulated clinical use. Similarly, custom abutments showed higher mechanical strength compared to stock abutments. However, mechanical strength in all abutments tested was higher than average chewing forces reported in literature, thus components tested in this study can be expected to perform equally well in clinical situations without excessive force.
Structural Regulation of NiFe LDH Under Spontaneous Corrosion to Enhance the Oxygen Evolution Properties
Authors: Ma Yingjun , Liu Hangning , Wang Lin , Sun Changhui , Gong Liangyu , Wang Jie , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical water splitting holds promise for sustainable hydrogen production but restricted by the sluggish reaction kinetics at the anodic oxygen evolution. Herein, we present a room‐temperature spontaneous corrosion strategy to convert inexpensive iron (Fe) on iron foam substrates into highly active and stable self‐supporting nickel iron layered hydroxide (NiFe LDH) catalysts. The corrosion evolution mechanisms are elucidated combining ex‐situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques, demonstrating precise control over the concentration of Ni2+ and reaction time to achieve controllable micro‐structures of NiFe LDH. Taking advantage of the self‐supporting morphology and hierarchical micro‐/nano‐ structure, the NiFe LDH with optimized Ni2+ concentration and reaction time exhibits significant small overpotentials of 160 mV and 200 mV for the OER at current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 respectively, showcasing excellent OER activities. Furthermore, this catalyst demonstrates superior reaction kinetics, high electrochemical stability, and excellent integral water splitting performance when coupled with a commercial Pt/C cathode. The energy‐efficient, cost‐effective, and scalable spontaneous corrosion strategy opens new avenues for the development of high‐electrochemical‐interface catalysts.
Combinatorial Separation of Cd and Te from CdTe via Chemical Vapour Transport with Sulfur and Air/Methane Treatment for the Recovery of Critical Resources from Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Bemfert Lucas H. , Burkhart Julian , Sedykh Alexander E. , Richter Sophie , Mitura Eliane L. , Maxeiner Moritz , Sextl Gerhard , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: July 2024

Elemental Te and Cd are successfully recovered from CdTe via a combinatorial process involving chemical vapor transport (CVT) using sulfur as transport agent giving elemental Te being deposited. Separation is successfully enabled by the first process for CVT of Te starting with CdTe. Cd is subsequently recovered by an oxidation of the formed CdS to CdO followed by reduction to Cd metal with natural gas, in which Cd can also be separated via the gas phase. Hereby, the process addresses the main critical elements of the active material in thin film CdTe solar cells regarding both, scarcity and toxicity. Both, closed and open systems were investigated displaying more or less thermodynamic control of the system. Transport rates were determined for the closed system as well as for an open system working with sulfur vapour at moderate temperatures below and close to the boiling point of sulfur. Excellent purity of tellurium was achieved already by the initial transport, leading to low Cd2+ concentrations in the obtained Te being below the quantification limit of microwave plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy (MP‐AES) (≪0.05 wt %).
Pd‐Imidate@Sba‐15: A Multifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Aqueous Room Temperature Hydrogenation of Co2 to Formic Acid
Authors: Martín Nuria , Porcar Raúl , Serrano José L. , Pérez José , Lozano Pedro , Cirujano Francisco G. , García‐Verdugo Eduardo
Published: July 2024

The incorporation of hydrophilic and basic sites from phosphotriazaadamantane and saccharine in a water‐soluble Pd complex and the subsequent confinement into mesoporous silica support increases the activity and stability of the palladium catalytic species for the room‐temperature aqueous hydrogenation of either bicarbonate or CO2 into formic acid. The use of low Pd loadings (<0.1 mmolPd g−1) of the well‐dispersed complex on SBA‐15 mesoporous silica allows performing the reaction under room temperature, and aqueous conditions, exhibiting TON of ca. 40–100, for the CO2 or bicarbonate hydrogenation, respectively, which is one order of magnitude higher than the homogeneous case, allowing the easy isolation and recycling of the solid catalyst.
Introducing Fe Into Cu‐Based Catalyst to Boost Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhao Zhefei , Yu Ruopeng , Wang Siqi , Guo Lipeng , Zhang Linlin , Chen Minhao , Chen Jun , Zheng Huajun
Published: July 2024

Converting biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into high‐valued 2,5‐dihydroxymethylfurfural (DHMF) via electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) technology has been widely regarded as one of the most economical and eco‐friendly routes. The high selectivity and activity depend on the reasonable regulation of the adsorption and activation of adsorbed hydrogen (H*) and HMF on the surface of the electrocatalyst. Herein, we report nanoflower‐like CuFe‐based electrocatalysts on copper foam (CF) substrates (CuFeOx/CF). DHMF was achieved on the optimal CuFeOx/CF with a selectivity of 93.3 % and a yield of 90.1 %. The H*, HMF and product were observed by in situ attuned total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). Moreover, in situ Raman spectra discloses the reconstruction of catalyst into CuFe‐bimetal with low valence state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that introducing Fe plays a role in regulating the electronic structure of Cu sites, which facilitate the generation of H* and adsorption of HMF, thus hampering the occurrence of dimerization. This study provides an innovative idea for the rational design of non‐precious bimetallic electrocatalysts for ECH to produce high‐valued chemicals.
Ecological correlates of chimpanzee termite fishing behavior in Mbam & Djerem National Park, Cameroon
Authors: Andres‐Bray Tyler C. , Smith Jeffrey , Nichols Ian , Abwe Ekwoge E. , Gonder Mary Katherine
Published: July 2024

Chimpanzee insectivory is seasonally variable, with pronounced peaks or set seasonal periods of consumption observed in most chimpanzee communities. This variation is interesting given that chimpanzees invest considerable effort into complex tool‐using behaviors to acquire insect prey. Evidence suggests this seasonal variation is related to insect behavior, but few studies have been done to empirically examine this relationship. In this study, we assessed whether a seasonal pattern of termite fishing by Nigeria‐Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) in Mbam & Djerem National Park, Cameroon was driven by termite behavior. We measured termite presence and termite foraging activity monthly at seven termite mounds near Ganga Research Station from April 2022 to April 2023. Macroscopic fecal analysis and camera traps placed at each mound demonstrated termite fishing in this community occurred from March to June, with a rare smaller period of termite fishing in October 2021. Average monthly rainfall, average monthly temperature, and average monthly fruit availability were used to examine potential environmental factors that could impact termite fishing seasonality. Termite presence was significantly different between months with and without chimpanzee termite fishing (t‐test, −6.569, p < .001). Termite presence was also significantly associated with average monthly rainfall (ANOVA, F = 13.9, p = .002, R2 = .775). Termites in this region appear to respond to the transition from dry to wet seasons by moving closer to the soil surface. This corresponds with greater chimpanzee termite fishing, suggesting that termite accessibility may be driving seasonal variation in this behavior.
Association of liver fibrosis‐4 index with adverse outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Abdu Fuad A. , Mareai Redhwan M. , Xiang Lanqing , Galip Jassur. , Mohammed Abdul‐Quddus , Zhang Wen , Liu Lu , Wang Chunyue , Mohammed Ayman A. , Yin Guoqing , Lv Xian , Xu Yawei , Che Wenliang
Published: July 2024

Aims

The fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) is a non‐invasive tool to assess fibrosis risk in chronic liver disease. We aimed to explore the relationship between the FIB‐4 index and long‐term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in HCM patients.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM were included. Patients were divided into two groups using a defined cutoff value established through a ROC analysis for predicting MACE (FIB‐4 ≥ 2.37 and FIB‐4 < 2.37). The final analysis comprised 187 HCM patients (34.8% females, 66.49 ± 11.43 years of age), with 47 (25.1%) in the FIB‐4 ≥ 2.37 group and 140 (74.9%) in the FIB‐4 < 2.37 group. Among these, 147 (78.6%) individuals had complete follow‐up data. Patients with FIB‐4 ≥ 2.37 demonstrated a higher prevalence of co‐morbidities such as atrial fibrillation (27.7% vs. 7.9%; P < 0.001), heart failure (55.3% vs. 24.3%; P < 0.001), elevated NT‐proBNP levels (3.03 ± 4.74 vs. 0.66 ± 1.08; P < 0.001), and lower LVEF (58.51 ± 7.86 vs. 61.84 ± 5.04; P = 0.001). Over a median of 41 (IQR 16–63) months follow‐up, MACE occurred in 49 (33.3%), with a significantly higher incidence in the FIB‐4 ≥ 2.37 group (58.8% vs. 25.7%, P < 0.001). Cardiac death rates were also elevated in the FIB‐4 ≥ 2.37 group (20.6% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed an independent association between FIB‐4 ≥ 2.37 and a higher risk of MACE (adjusted HR: 1.919, 95% CI 1.015–3.630; P = 0.045) and cardiac death (adjusted HR: 9.518, 95% CI 1.718–52.732; P = 0.010). Furthermore, the FIB‐4 index shows positive correlations with left atrium diameter (r = 0.229; P = 0.003), septal thickness (r = 0.231; P = 0.002), posterior wall thickness (r = 0.235; P = 0.001), and NT‐proBNP (r = 0.271; P < 0.001). Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between the FIB‐4 index and left ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.185; P = 0.011).

Conclusion

Elevated FIB‐4 index, indicative of liver fibrosis, is independently associated with an increased risk of long‐term MACE in HCM patients. This emphasizes the potential influence of liver function abnormalities on HCM prognosis, underscoring the need for comprehensive risk assessment in clinical management.
Unraveling Superior Elasticity and Controlled Thermal Expansion in Trigonal MBO3 (M=Al, Ga) with Isolated [BO3] Group: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Yang Dingfeng , Tang Yurou , Xia Hongxu , Yin Keman , Li Yuanyuan
Published: July 2024

A comprehensive theoretical investigation employing density functional theory explores the electronic structure, temperature‐dependent elasticity, thermodynamic properties, and chemical bonding of trigonal MBO3 (M=Al, Ga) with isolated [BO3] groups. The results uncover MBO3 (M=Al, Ga) as indirect semiconductors with superior mechanical stability, characterized by greater resistance to volume compression over shear deformation. Their elasticity exhibits relatively weak temperature dependence, suggesting excellent thermal stability. Thermodynamic analysis predicts that GaBO3 has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than AlBO3, approximately 2.1×10−5 K−1 and 1.8×10−5 K−1 at 300 K, respectively. Significantly, the overall thermal expansion coefficients of GaBO3 and AlBO3 are lower compared to other borate materials containing isolated [BO3] groups. Chemical bonding insights reveal that GaBO3′s larger thermal expansion is attributed to its larger atomic displacement parameters and weaker Ga−O bond strength. This research positions MBO3 (M=Al, Ga) as prime candidates for optical device applications due to their well‐characterized elasticity and controlled thermal expansion.
Development of spherical bismuth nanoparticles modified electrode for analysis of heavy metal ions in seawater samples using SWASV technique
Authors: Boontungtang Juthamas , Sanchayanukun Phetlada , Tedsri Karaked , Muncharoen Sasithorn
Published: July 2024

This research aims to optimize the effectiveness of a glassy carbon electrode by coating it with bismuth nanoparticles in both sphere and rod forms. The modified electrode is intended for the simultaneous analysis of heavy metals: Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) by using square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The synthesis optimization of bismuth nanospheres and nanorods was studied. Analysis of the nanoparticles’ morphology and structure was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Under optimal conditions, the synthesized nanobismuth spheres measured 137.0±3.43 nm, while the bismuth rods measured 5.18±1.36 nm. The optimal SWASV conditions for the proposed electrode in heavy metal analysis involved a deposition potential of −1.4 V for 240 seconds, a frequency of 25 Hz, an amplitude of 25 mV, and a step potential of 4 mV. The linearity ranges for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) were 20–130 μg L−1, 10–60 μg L−1, and 6–54 μg L−1, respectively, with detection limits of 4.0 μg L−1 for Zn(II), 1.6 μg L−1 for Cd(II), and 1.6 μg L−1 for Pb(II). The results demonstrated satisfactory performance with high repeatability, good selectivity, and sensitivity. Additionally, the proposed electrode was utilized to simultaneously determine heavy metal concentrations in seawater.
Oligo cyc‐DEP: On‐chip cyclic immunofluorescence profiling of cell‐derived nanoparticles
Authors: Gustafson Kyle T. , Sayar Zeynep , Modestino Augusta , Le Hillary H. , Gower Austin , Civitci Fehmi , Esener Sadik C. , Heller Michael J. , Eksi Sebnem Ece
Published: July 2024

We present a follow‐on technique for the cyclic‐immunofluorescence profiling of suspension particles isolated using dielectrophoresis. The original lab‐on‐chip technique (“cyc‐DEP” [cyclic immunofluorescent imaging on dielectrophoretic chip]) was designed for the multiplex surveillance of circulating biomarkers. Nanoparticles were collected from low‐volume liquid biopsies using microfluidic dielectrophoretic chip technology. Subsequent rounds of cyclic immunofluorescent labeling and quenching were imaged and quantified with a custom algorithm to detect multiple proteins. While cyc‐DEP improved assay multiplicity, long runtimes threatened its clinical adoption. Here, we modify the original cyc‐DEP platform to reduce assay runtimes. Nanoparticles were formulated from human prostate adenocarcinoma cells and collected using dielectrophoresis. Three proteins were labeled on‐chip with a mixture of short oligonucleotide‐conjugated antibodies. The sample was then incubated with complementary fluorophore‐conjugated oligonucleotides, which were dehybridized using an ethylene carbonate buffer after each round of imaging. Oligonucleotide removal exhibited an average quenching efficiency of 98 ± 3% (n = 12 quenching events), matching the original cyc‐DEP platform. The presented “oligo cyc‐DEP” platform achieved clinically relevant sample‐to‐answer times, reducing the duration for three rounds of cyclic immunolabeling from approximately 20 to 6.5 h—a 67% decrease attributed to rapid fluorophore removal and the consolidated co‐incubation of antibodies.
Heavy metal accumulation and food safety of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) amended by bioslurry and chemical fertilizer application
Authors: Meskelu Tsigereda , Senbeta Abate Feyissa , Keneni Yadessa Gonfa , Sime Getachew
Published: July 2024

The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant tissue is a serious concern since it impacts both soil quality and food safety. This study evaluated the accumulation of heavy metals and the food quality of lettuce as a result of the application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and bioslurry (BS). The treatments were CF (158 kg ha−1 NPS and 200 kg ha−1 urea), BS (5 ton ha−1), and control with no fertilizer, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were analyzed for their physico‐chemical characteristics. The concentrations of 10 heavy metals (As, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr) in the agricultural soil, bioslurry, and lettuce tissue were determined. Both the BS and CF reduced the concentrations of most heavy metals in the agricultural soil, particularly As, Pb, and Cd. Only the mean concentration of Cd in the agricultural soils exceeded the threshold level set by WHO/FAO (2011) for agricultural soils. Similarly, the concentration of As, Pb, and Cd in lettuce tissue grown in BS‐treated soils and the concentration of As in agricultural soils surpassed the limit set for vegetables. Given the toxicities of As, Cd, and Pb, as well as the effect on food safety, human health, and the environment, it is unsafe to cultivate lettuce using either the agricultural soil or BS in the study area.
The most important variables associated with death due to COVID‐19 disease, based on three data mining models Decision Tree, AdaBoost, and Support Vector Machine: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: gharehhasani Bita Shokri , Rezaei Mansour , Naghipour Armin , Sayad Nazanine , Mostafaei Shayan , Alimohammadi Ehsan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Death due to covid‐19 is one of the biggest health challenges in the world. There are many models that can predict death due to COVID‐19. This study aimed to fit and compare Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and AdaBoost models to predict death due to COVID‐19.

Methods

To describe the variables, mean (SD) and frequency (%) were reported. To determine the relationship between the variables and the death caused by COVID‐19, chi‐square test was performed with a significance level of 0.05. To compare DT, SVM and AdaBoost models for predicting death due to COVID‐19 from sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and the area under the rock curve under R software using psych, caTools, random over‐sampling examples, rpart, rpartplot packages was done.

Results

Out of the total of 23,054 patients studied, 10,935 cases (46.5%) were women, and 12,569 cases (53.5%) were men. Additionally, the mean age of the patients was 54.9 ± 21.0 years. There is a statistically significant relationship between gender, fever, cough, muscle pain, smell and taste, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, dizziness, chest pain, intubation, cancer, diabetes, chronic blood disease, Violation of immunity, pregnancy, Dialysis, chronic lung disease with the death of covid‐19 patients showed (p < 0.05). The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were respectively 0.60, 0.68, 0.71, and 0.75 in the DT model, 0.54, 0.62, 0.63, and 0.71 in the SVM model, and 0.59, 0.65, 0.69 and 0.74 in the AdaBoost model.

Conclusion

The results showed that DT had a high predictive power compared to other data mining models. Therefore, it is suggested to researchers in different fields to use DT to predict the studied variables. Also, it is suggested to use other approaches such as random forest or XGBoost to improve the accuracy in future studies.
Post‐COVID‐19 internet addiction, depression, and pornography addiction among adolescents: Findings from a nationwide study in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddik Md Abu Bakkar , Pervin Irin , Syfullah Md. Khalid , Ali Akher , Mahmud Al , Hasan Mahedi , Hussen Sheikh Muzzammil , Manjur Monia , Ahmed Zobayer , Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Regulations response to COVID‐19 has increased internet addiction (IA), depression, and pornography addiction (PA) among adolescents worldwide. The objective of this nationwide study was to assess the current prevalence rate of IA, depression, and PA after the post‐COVID‐19 period among school‐going adolescents in Bangladesh.

Methods

A total of 8832 male and female adolescents participated in this research. The cross‐sectional study was conducted online using a simple random sampling method. Including the sociodemographic variables, Young's IA Test (IAT‐20) Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ‐12) were used to measure IA, depression, and PA. By SPSS version 25.0, the prevalence and correlation between IA, depression, and PA were analyzed using the Chi‐square test, binary logistic regression, and a bivariate co‐relation matrix.

Results

Sixty‐three percent, 76.6%, and 62.9% of the students were suffering from IA, depression, and PA respectively. Depressive and anxious symptoms were significantly associated with IA. Female students were more depressed than males. Males were more addicted to pornography than females. Students who utilized social media but didn't exercise had greater depression and PA. IA, depression, and PA were correlated.

Conclusion

The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive mental health treatments, digital literacy programs, and family and teacher participation to reduce IA, depression, and PA among adolescents post‐COVID‐19. Promotion of physical exercise and supporting policies to build safer online settings for adolescents are also encouraged.
Dos nuevas variedades de Portulaca brevifolia Urb. (Portulacaceae) para la Flora de Cuba
Authors: Menes María Dolores Ortega
Published: July 2024

En base a los estudios realizados en ejemplares de herbario y material fresco de las especies Portillara brevifolia Urb. y Portillara nana Urb. se concluye dar el status de variedad a la especie Portillara nana Urb. Además se reporta una nueva variedad de la Portillara brevifolia Urb. para la costa sur‐oriental de la Provincia Guantánamo.
How do students use ChatGPT as a writing support?
Authors: Levine Sarah , Beck Sarah W. , Mah Chris , Phalen Lena , PIttman Jaylen
Published: July 2024

Educators and researchers are interested in ways that ChatGPT and other generative AI tools might move beyond the role of “cheatbot” and become part of the network of resources students use for writing. We studied how high school students used ChatGPT as a writing support while writing arguments about topics like school mascots. We asked: What did students prompt ChatGPT to do? And how did students take up ChatGPT's responses to those prompts? We used Flower and Hayes' writing model to analyze screencasts of students interacting with ChatGPT and one another as they planned, drafted, and reviewed their arguments. Our data show that while planning and drafting, students primarily asked ChatGPT for ideas and then built upon those ideas to develop their own arguments. While reviewing, they generally used ChatGPT as they might use Grammarly or other editing tools. Students also compared their writing with that of ChatGPT, which allowed them to identify their unique writing voices and build meta‐level understandings of rhetorical choices and effects. Our study indicates that ChatGPT can become a part of a social, distributed model of writing, and that students can use ChatGPT as a resource for writing without sidestepping the processes of planning, drafting, and reviewing.
Finite element simulation and experimental validation of thermal damage to isolated porcine skin tissue by femtosecond laser welding
Authors: Huang Jun , Jia Mengshi , Li Yanyu , Yan Mintao , Wang Kehong , Li Xiaopeng
Published: July 2024

The welding effect of the laser on skin tissue is reduced by thermal damage to skin tissue, and greater thermal damage to skin tissue caused by the laser is prevented by predicting thermal damage. In this paper, a finite element model is established for the temperature field of skin tissue scanned by a femtosecond laser to obtain the influence of laser process parameters and scanning path on the thermal damage parameters of skin tissue and the thermal damage area, and verified experimentally. The results show that the established finite element model is accurate and can accurately reflect the temperature distribution during the process of femtosecond laser welding of porcine skin tissues; used to predict the thermal damage parameters of the skin tissues and the thermal damage area; and provide guidance for the study of the femtosecond laser welding of the skin tissues process to obtain the optimal process parameters.
Initial bone tissue reactions of hydroxyapatite/collagen–(3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane injectable bone paste
Authors: Sato Taira , Shirosaki Yuki , Oshima Sho , Tsuru Kanji , Koyama Yoshihisa , Aizawa Mamoru , Kikuchi Masanori
Published: July 2024

We have previously reported that a novel bioresorbable self‐setting injectable bone paste composed of hydroxyapatite/collagen bone‐like nanocomposite (HAp/Col) and (3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was successfully prepared and was replaced with new bone within 3 months of implantation in defects created in porcine tibia. In this study, the HAp/Col‐GPTMS paste was implanted into bone defects in rat tibiae to investigate the initial kinetics and bone tissue response. Even though more than 35% of GPTMS molecules should be eluted rapidly from directly injected pastes according to previously reported cell culture tests, in this study, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry did not detect Si (GPTMS) deposition in tissues surrounding the paste at 1 day postimplantation. Further, no abnormal inflammatory responses were observed in the surrounding tissues over the test period for both directly injected and prehardened pastes. Companying these observations with the results of the previous animal test (in which the paste was fully resorbed and was substituted with new bone), the eluted GPTMS resolved in no harm in vivo from the initial to final (completely resorbed) stages. Material resorption rates calculated from X‐ray microcomputed tomography (μ‐CT) images decreased with increasing in GPTMS concentration. Histological observations indicated that tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) active cells, (assumed to be osteoclasts), exist on the periphery of pastes. This result suggested that the paste was resorbed by osteoclasts in the same way as the HAp/Col. Since a good correlation was observed between TRAP active areas in histological sections and material resorption rate calculated from μ‐CT, the TRAP activity coverage ratio offers the possibility to estimate the osteoclastic resorption ratio of materials, which are replaced with bone via bone remodeling process.