bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor History and Class Violence: A Meditation on the Anniversary of Lochner V. New York
Authors: Holdren Nate
Published: January 2025

The year 2025 marks the 120th anniversary of Lochner v. New York, a 1905 U.S. Supreme Court decision striking down legislative limits on work hours in the baking industry. U.S. scholars generally agree this decision harmed workers and was a setback to the labor movement in the United States. The essay borrows from some of the historian E.P. Thompson’s writings on the relationship between historical inquiry and normative values in order to reflect on Lochner and the relative consensus among scholars opposing the decision. That reflection in turn serves as a point of entry for thinking about the role of normative values in doing labor history, what values we propound in the present by writing and teaching about the history of working-class people, and how those issues relate to different ways labor historians can understand what is arguably our field’s central category, class. The essay suggests that, with regard to the Lochner decision and in general, labor history is something of a different activity if the field’s orientation is toward the amelioration of time- and place-specific problems in working-class people’s lives, toward class as inherently a category of violence and injustice, or both.
Association between procedure duration and adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization
Authors: Yeh Mary J. , Bergersen Lisa , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Akhtar Saleem , Batlivala Sarosh P. , Bocks Martin L. , Holzer Ralf , O’Byrne Michael L. , Shahanavaz Shabana , Trucco Sara M. , Zellers Thomas , Armstrong Aimee K.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Procedure duration is an important predictor of patient outcomes in surgery. However, the relationship between procedure duration and adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization is largely unexplored.

Methods:

All cases entered into the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes from 2014 to 2017 were included. Cases were ordered from shortest to longest case length, minus time spent managing adverse events, for each case type. The outcomes, Level 3bc/4/5 and 4/5 adverse event rates, were calculated for cases above and below the 75th percentile for case length. To identify an independent relationship between case length and outcomes, the case length percentile was added to the CHARM II risk model.

Results:

Among 14,704 catheterizations, longer cases (>75th percentile for case length) had Level 4/5 rates that were 2.2% and 2.7% compared to cases ≤75th percentile with adverse event rates of 0.9% and 1.4% for diagnostic and interventional cases, respectively. Level 3bc/4/5 rates were 5.0% and 8.4% in longer cases compared to 2.4% and 5.4% for diagnostic and interventional cases, respectively. After adding case length to the CHARM II risk model, case length 50th–75th percentile had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.4, 75th–90th percentile an OR of 1.56, and >90th percentile an OR of 2.24 as compared to cases with case length <50th percentile (p ≤ 0.001 for all).

Conclusions:

Longer case lengths are associated with clinically important and life-threatening adverse events in congenital cardiac catheterization, even after accounting for known risk factors. Case length may be an important target for future quality improvement work.
Aftershocks as a Time Independent Phenomenon
Authors: Mathey A. , Crassous J. , Marsan D. , Weiss J. , Amon A.
Published: January 2025

Sequences of aftershocks following Omori's empirical law are observed after most major earthquakes, as well as in laboratory‐scale fault‐mimicking experiments. Nevertheless, the origin of this memory effect is still unclear. In this letter, we present an analytical framework for treating labquake and earthquake catalogs on an equal footing. Using this analysis method, we show that when memory is considered to be in deformation and not in time, all data collapse onto a single master curve, showing that the timescale is entirely fixed by the inverse of the strain rate.
Xenolith Zircons Record the Long Geological History of India‐Asia Convergence: Results From U‐Pb Depth Profiling
Authors: Sun Wen‐Rui , Weinberg Roberto , Wang Rui , Liu Li , Zhang Liang‐Liang
Published: January 2025

Continental crust forms in magmatic arcs and transforms through collision, as seen in the Tibetan crust shaped by Neo‐Tethyan subduction and India‐Asia collision. We examine zircons from crustal granulite xenoliths using U‐Pb depth profiling to reveal a 220‐million‐year evolutionary history in southern Tibet. Our data provide age history consistent with the Gangdese magmatic rocks. From 100 Ma, our results show numerous age peaks linked to the arrival of the Indian continent, associated with fast convergence, slab rollback, and eventual slab breakoff. During the post‐collisional stage, the growth of zircon rims indicates a resurgence of metamorphism and anatexis, and contemporaneous shifts in Th/U ratios and (Dy/Yb)N values reflect an increase in crustal thickness. We suggest the capacity of zircon overgrowth to capture geological episodes during crustal evolution. In this case, granulite xenoliths from single areas through zircon depth profiling can offer substantial insights into the geological processes shaping the collisional orogen.
El Niño and Sea Surface Temperature Pattern Effects Lead to Historically High Global Mean Surface Temperatures in 2023
Authors: Jiang Ning , Zhu Congwen , Hu Zeng‐Zhen , McPhaden Michael J. , Lian Tao , Zhou Chen , Qian Weihong , Chen Deliang
Published: January 2025

In 2023, the world experienced its highest ever global mean surface temperature (GMST). Our study underscores the pivotal significance of El Niño and sea surface temperature (SST) warming as the fundamental causes. Interannually, the increment of GMST in 2023 comprised two phases: first, gradual ocean warming associated with El Niño and the North Atlantic from January to August; second, a continued rise in land temperatures in the mid‐to‐high latitude regions from September onwards, influenced by SST patterns. Notably, the maturation of El Niño prolonged warming in North America through excitation of the Pacific‐North American teleconnection. During the most recent 15 years, GMST has entered an accelerated warming period, primarily driven by rapid SST warming trends in the tropical Indian Ocean, tropical Atlantic, subtropical North Pacific, and North Atlantic. These decadal warming patterns, combined with El Niño, may further increase GMST, with 2023 as a particularly striking example.
Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) Samples: Preliminary Examination of Double Drive Tube Samples 73001 and 73002 and Lessons Learned for Returning to the Moon With Artemis
Authors: Gross Juliane , Zeigler Ryan A. , Mosie Andrea B. , Krysher Charis , Eckley Scott A. , Ketcham Richard A. , Hanna Romy D. , Edey David , Kent Jeremy J. , McCubbin Francis M. , McDonald Francesca , Schild Timon , Lucey Paul G. , Sun Lingzhi , Flom Abigail , Parai Rita , Meshik Alex , Pravdivtseva Olga , Petro Noah E. , Shearer Charles K. ,   the ANGSA Science Team
Published: January 2025

During the six Apollo missions, astronauts collected 2196 lunar samples, nearly all of which have been studied over the past five decades. Six Apollo samples remained unexamined until 2019 and were saved to be analyzed by the next generation of lunar scientists using advanced modern laboratory facilities. Now more than 50 years after Apollo, NASA is returning to the Moon with Artemis and will return geologic samples from a different region of the lunar surface than Apollo. Curation will play an instrumental role in helping to prepare for the safe return of these valuable samples, ensuring their integrity during all stages of the missions, and thus maximizing their scientific return. To prepare for the return of these samples, NASA initiated the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) Program to open previously unstudied samples including unopened double drive tube 73002 and 73001 (also vacuum‐sealed) from the Apollo 17 mission to the Taurus‐Littrow Valley. The ANGSA program was designed to function as a low‐cost analog sample return mission and served as a testing ground to understand processes, update techniques, and prepare for the preliminary examination (PE) of the to‐be‐returned lunar samples with Artemis. New and advanced curation techniques were developed and applied to support the analyses of 73002/73001 during the PE. Furthermore, cutting‐edge analytical instruments such as X‐ray Computed Tomography were utilized to aid in PE that were unavailable during Apollo. These efforts are equipping the Artemis generation for future lunar missions and lessons learned from the PE of ANGSA samples will be directly applied to Artemis.
Multi‐Year ENSO Events Over the Last Two Millennia
Authors: Chen Ruyan , Du Yan , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2025

Multi‐year El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events or consecutive ENSO events have received great research interest due to their far‐reaching societal, economic, climatic, and ecological influences. However, current knowledge and understanding of their characteristics and impacts are still limited by the availability of long‐term observations. In this work, the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation product (PHYDA) is adopted to study the multi‐year ENSO events spanning the past 2,000 years. The analysis shows that the occurrence frequency of multi‐year El Niño and La Niña events is significantly higher than that could be expected from random probability, indicating that the 20th‐century multi‐year ENSO is not anomalous when considering the past 2,000 years. During periods with increased consecutive events, while the amplitude of the composited ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies shows no obvious changes, more extreme events are favored and correspond to the enhanced ENSO variability. Further investigation on the mechanism behind the variability of the multi‐year ENSO events over the past 2,000 years suggests that the multi‐year ENSO events are highly correlated with the low‐frequency variability in the background SSTs. The information flow analysis also confirms that there are two‐way interactions between the occurrence frequency of the multi‐year ENSO events and the low‐frequency variability of the background SST anomalies, which shows asymmetric characteristics between the El Niño and La Niña. Additionally, our findings indicate that multi‐year events can intensify climatic impacts on North American temperatures and droughts, and potentially contribute to compound extremes.
Shifts in the Oligotrophic Warm Conditions of the Gulf of Mexico Over MIS‐6 to MIS‐1 Based on Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblages and Mg/Ca Ratios
Authors: Arellano‐Torres Elsa , Garcia‐León Jozyc , Le Brun Laurence , Kasper‐Zubillaga Juan Jose , Bernal Juan Pablo
Published: January 2025

Collected from the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), the marine piston Core RC10‐265 was used to reconstruct surface water masses, circulation and paleotemperature shifts at orbital scales over the last ∼180 ka. The chronology was constructed based on radiocarbon ages, planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy and stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O). The ocean surface conditions were reconstructed based on planktonic foraminifera assemblages. Applying a Q‐mode Factor Analysis, two scenarios were characterized through seven species. (a) The subtropical assemblage (Globigerinoides ruber—Globoconella inflata (positive scores) and the Globorotalia menardii group—Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (negative scores)) suggest that during the end of MIS‐6, and MIS‐4 to MIS‐2, the surface waters were colder (∼22–25°C), with less oligotrophic and a more profound mixed layer depth (MLD) relative to interglacials. (b) The tropical assemblage (Globigerinoides ruber—Neogloboquadrina dutertrei—Globorotalia truncatulinoides (positive scores) and Globoconella inflata—Globigerina falconensis (negative scores)) suggest that during the early MIS‐6, MIS‐5e to 5b and MIS‐1, the surface waters were warm (∼28–32°C), oligotrophic, with a shallow MLD like average modern conditions. High Fe/Ca and Mn/Ca values could result from early diagenesis or their incorporation in the primary calcite due to high Fe inputs to the GoM. Despite the former, Mg/Ca paleotemperatures are consistent with Caribbean and N Gulf reconstructions. This study confirms the relevance of the Loop Current (extended vs. contracted mode) and the associated variability in mesoscale eddies as a control of the paleoecology and paleotemperatures at orbital scales.
Physics‐Guided Deep Learning Model for Daily Groundwater Table Maps Estimation Using Passive Surface‐Wave Dispersion
Authors: Cunha Teixeira José , Bodet Ludovic , Rivière Agnès , Hallier Amélie , Gesret Alexandrine , Dangeard Marine , Dhemaied Amine , Boisson Gaboriau Joséphine
Published: January 2025

Monitoring groundwater tables (GWTs) remains challenging due to limited spatial and temporal observations. This study introduces an innovative approach combining an artificial neural network, specifically a multilayer perceptron (MLP), with continuous passive Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (passive‐MASW) to construct GWT depth maps. The geologically well‐constrained study site includes two piezometers and a permanent 2D geophone array recording train‐induced surface waves. At each point of the array, dispersion curves (DCs), displaying Rayleigh‐wave phase velocities over a frequency range of 5–50 Hz, were measured daily from December 2022 to September 2023, and latter resampled over wavelengths from 4 to 15 m, to focus on the expected GWT depths (1–5 m). Nine months of daily data near one piezometer, spanning both low and high water periods, were used to train the MLP model. GWT depths were then estimated across the geophone array, producing daily GWT maps. The model's performance was evaluated by comparing inferred GWT depths with observed measurements at the second piezometer. Results show a coefficient of determination (R2) of 80% at the training piezometer and of 68% at the test piezometer, and a remarkably low root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 0.03 m at both locations. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning to estimate GWT maps from seismic data with spatially limited piezometric information, offering a practical and efficient solution for monitoring groundwater dynamics across large spatial extents.
Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arctic–boreal CO2 uptake
Authors: Virkkala Anna-Maria , Rogers Brendan M. , Watts Jennifer D. , Arndt Kyle A. , Potter Stefano , Wargowsky Isabel , Schuur Edward A. G. , See Craig R. , Mauritz Marguerite , Boike Julia , Bret-Harte M. Syndonia , Burke Eleanor J. , Burrell Arden , Chae Namyi , Chatterjee Abhishek , Chevallier Frederic , Christensen Torben R. , Commane Roisin , Dolman Han , Edgar Colin W. , Elberling Bo , Emmerton Craig A. , Euskirchen Eugenie S. , Feng Liang , Göckede Mathias , Grelle Achim , Helbig Manuel , Holl David , Järveoja Järvi , Karsanaev Sergey V. , Kobayashi Hideki , Kutzbach Lars , Liu Junjie , Luijkx Ingrid T. , López-Blanco Efrén , Lunneberg Kyle , Mammarella Ivan , Marushchak Maija E. , Mastepanov Mikhail , Matsuura Yojiro , Maximov Trofim C. , Merbold Lutz , Meyer Gesa , Nilsson Mats B. , Niwa Yosuke , Oechel Walter , Palmer Paul I. , Park Sang-Jong , Parmentier Frans-Jan W. , Peichl Matthias , Peters Wouter , Petrov Roman , Quinton William , Rödenbeck Christian , Sachs Torsten , Schulze Christopher , Sonnentag Oliver , St. Louis Vincent L. , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Ueyama Masahito , Varlagin Andrej , Zona Donatella , Natali Susan M.
Published: January 2025

The Arctic–Boreal Zone is rapidly warming, impacting its large soil carbon stocks. Here we use a new compilation of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 fluxes, geospatial datasets and random forest models to show that although the Arctic–Boreal Zone was overall an increasing terrestrial CO2 sink from 2001 to 2020 (mean ± standard deviation in net ecosystem exchange, −548 ± 140 Tg C yr−1; trend, −14 Tg C yr−1; P < 0.001), more than 30% of the region was a net CO2 source. Tundra regions may have already started to function on average as CO2 sources, demonstrating a shift in carbon dynamics. When fire emissions are factored in, the increasing Arctic–Boreal Zone sink is no longer statistically significant (budget, −319 ± 140 Tg C yr−1; trend, −9 Tg C yr−1), and the permafrost region becomes CO2 neutral (budget, −24 ± 123 Tg C yr−1; trend, −3 Tg C yr−1), underscoring the importance of fire in this region.
Limited accountability and awareness of corporate emissions target outcomes
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyan , Kim Shawn , Lu Shirley
Published: January 2025

Firms are increasingly announcing targets to reduce their carbon emissions, but it is unclear whether firms are held accountable for these targets. Here we examine emissions targets that ended in 2020 to investigate the final target outcomes, the transparency of target outcomes and potential consequences for missed emissions targets. A total of 1,041 firms had emissions targets ending in 2020, of which 88 (9%) failed and 320 (31%) disappeared. We find limited accountability and low awareness of the target outcomes. Only three of the failed firms are covered by the media. After a firm fails its 2020 emissions target, we do not observe significant market reaction, changes in media sentiment, environmental scores and environment-related shareholder proposals. In contrast, initial announcements of these 2020 emissions targets are rewarded with significant improvements in media sentiment and environmental scores. Our findings raise concerns for the accountability of emissions targets ending in 2030 and 2050.
Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections
Authors: Cano Ángela , Powell Jake , Aiello Anthony S. , Andersen Heidi Lie , Arbour Thomas , Balzer Aleisha , Bauer Dennise Stefan , Bugarchich Jeremy , Cano Fernando , Contreras Maria Paula , Cubey Robert , Czajkowski Ignacio , Diaz-Toribio Milton H. , Freeth Thomas , Freyre Nicolas , Gardner Martin F. , Griffith M. Patrick , Gustafsson A. Lovisa S. , Havström Mats , Hockley Leslie R. , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Jørgensen Tina , Kindl Kristen , Kirkwood Donovan , Larpin Denis , Lofthus Øystein , Löhne Cornelia , López-Villalobos Adriana , Luscombe Dan , Molloy Dermot , Morales-Rozo Clara , Nāburga Inese , Nebot Anna , Neinhuis Christoph , Newlander Cindy S. , Ossaer Joke , Payton Greg , Peter Jon , Puente Martinez Raul , Scheen Anne-Cathrine , Scherberich David , Senekal Anna Maria , Shearman Clare , Siemon John , Socher Stephanie A. , Sucher Rebecca , Summers Alex , Tucker Lima Joanna M. , Vry Alison , Wong Jessica , Wrigley Damian , You Frédéric , Brockington Samuel F.
Published: January 2025

Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.2 million records, from a meta-collection currently holding ~500,000 accessions and 41% of global ex situ species diversity. Our study provides critical insights into the historical evolution, current state and future trajectory of global living collections. We reveal sigmoidal growth of a meta-collection that has reached capacity in both total accessions and total diversity, and identify intrinsic constraints on biodiversity management, including a median survival probability of 15 years. We explore the impact of external constraints and quantify the influence of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which we link to reduced acquisition of wild-origin and internationally sourced material by 44% and 38%, respectively. We further define the impact of these constraints on ex situ conservation but highlight targeted initiatives that successfully mitigate these challenges. Ultimately, our study underscores the urgent need for strategic prioritization and the re-evaluation of ex situ biodiversity management to achieve both scientific and conservation goals.
ON–OFF nanopores for optical control of transmembrane ionic communication
Authors: Wang Xingzao , Kerckhoffs Aidan , Riexinger Jorin , Cornall Matthew , Langton Matthew J. , Bayley Hagan , Qing Yujia
Published: January 2025

Nanoscale photoswitchable proteins could facilitate precise spatiotemporal control of transmembrane communication and support studies in synthetic biology, neuroscience and bioelectronics. Here, through covalent modification of the α-haemolysin protein pore with arylazopyrazole photoswitches, we produced ‘photopores’ that transition between iontronic resistor and diode modes in response to irradiation at orthogonal wavelengths. In the diode mode, a low-leak OFF-state nanopore exhibits a reversible increase in unitary conductance of more than 20-fold upon irradiation at 365 nm. A rectification ratio of >5 was achieved with photopores in the diode state by either direct or alternating voltage input. Unlike conventional electronic phototransistors with intensity-dependent photoelectric responses, the photopores regulated current output solely based on the wavelength(s) of monochromatic or dual-wavelength irradiation. Dual-wavelength irradiation at various relative intensities allowed graded adjustment of the photopore conductance. By using these properties, photonic signals encoding text or graphic messages were converted into ionic signals, highlighting the potential applications of photopores as components of smart devices in synthetic biology.
Comprehensive evaluation of pure and hybrid collaborative filtering in drug repurposing
Authors: Réda Clémence , Vie Jill-Jênn , Wolkenhauer Olaf
Published: January 2025

Drug development is known to be a costly and time-consuming process, which is prone to high failure rates. Drug repurposing allows drug discovery by reusing already approved compounds. The outcomes of past clinical trials can be used to predict novel drug-disease associations by leveraging drug- and disease-related similarities. To tackle this classification problem, collaborative filtering with implicit feedback (and potentially additional data on drugs and diseases) has become popular. It can handle large imbalances between negative and positive known associations and known and unknown associations. However, properly evaluating the improvement over the state of the art is challenging, as there is no consensus approach to compare models. We propose a reproducible methodology for comparing collaborative filtering-based drug repurposing. We illustrate this method by comparing 11 models from the literature on eight diverse drug repurposing datasets. Based on this benchmark, we derive guidelines to ensure a fair and comprehensive evaluation of the performance of those models. In particular, an uncontrolled bias on unknown associations might lead to severe data leakage and a misestimation of the model’s true performance. Moreover, in drug repurposing, the ability of a model to extrapolate beyond its training distribution is crucial and should also be assessed. Finally, we identified a subcategory of collaborative filtering that seems efficient and robust to distribution shifts. Benchmarks constitute an essential step towards increased reproducibility and more accessible development of competitive drug repurposing methods.
Streptokinase is dispensable in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis infections of human dendritic cells
Authors: Folz Katharina E. , Siemens Nikolai
Published: January 2025

In recent years, increased numbers of severe Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) infections, including necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs), have been reported. One of the main virulence factors of SDSE is streptokinase (Ska). Ska promotes bacterial spread in the tissue through Ska-plasminogen interactions and subsequent activation of plasminogen to plasmin. In this study, the impact of streptokinase on SDSE infections of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) was investigated. MoDCs were infected with SDSE strain S118 and its isogenic mutant lacking streptokinase. All infections were performed with and without human serum to compare direct Ska-mediated as well as plasmin activity-related effects. Intracellular killing kinetics, moDC viability and maturation, as well as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Irrespective of the strain and experimental conditions, the bacteria were equally phagocytosed and killed. MoDCs remained viable, readily matured and secreted equal amounts of cytokines in response to S118 as well as S118Δska infections. Our data demonstrate that moDCs response to SDSE infections is not affected by Ska or its respective plasminogen activating function.
Uncovering narrative aging: an underlying neural mechanism compensated through spatial constructional ability
Authors: Li Yumeng , Zhang Junying , Li Xin , Zhang Zhanjun
Published: January 2025

“The narrative” is a complex cognitive process that has sparked a debate on whether its features age through maintenance or decline. To address this question, we attempted to uncover the narrative aging and its underlying neural characteristics with a cross-validation based cognitive neuro-decoding statistical framework. This framework used a total of 740 healthy older participants with completed narrative and extensive neuropsychological tests and MRI scans. The results indicated that narrative comprises macro and micro structures, with the macrostructure involving complex cognitive processes more relevant to aging. For the brain functional basis, brain hub nodes contributing to macrostructure were predominantly found in the angular gyrus and medial frontal lobe, while microstructure hub nodes were located in the supramarginal gyrus and middle cingulate cortex. Moreover, networks enriched by macrostructure included the default mode network and fronto-parietal network, indicating a higher functional gradient compared to the microstructure-enriched dorsal attention network. Additionally, an interesting finding showed that macrostructure increases in spatial contribution with age, suggesting a compensatory interaction where brain regions related to spatial-constructional ability have a greater impact on macrostructure. These results, supported by neural-level validation and multimodal structural MRI, provide detailed insights into the compensatory effect in the narrative aging process.
What large language models know and what people think they know
Authors: Steyvers Mark , Tejeda Heliodoro , Kumar Aakriti , Belem Catarina , Karny Sheer , Hu Xinyue , Mayer Lukas W. , Smyth Padhraic
Published: January 2025

As artificial intelligence systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), become increasingly integrated into decision-making processes, the ability to trust their outputs is crucial. To earn human trust, LLMs must be well calibrated such that they can accurately assess and communicate the likelihood of their predictions being correct. Whereas recent work has focused on LLMs’ internal confidence, less is understood about how effectively they convey uncertainty to users. Here we explore the calibration gap, which refers to the difference between human confidence in LLM-generated answers and the models’ actual confidence, and the discrimination gap, which reflects how well humans and models can distinguish between correct and incorrect answers. Our experiments with multiple-choice and short-answer questions reveal that users tend to overestimate the accuracy of LLM responses when provided with default explanations. Moreover, longer explanations increased user confidence, even when the extra length did not improve answer accuracy. By adjusting LLM explanations to better reflect the models’ internal confidence, both the calibration gap and the discrimination gap narrowed, significantly improving user perception of LLM accuracy. These findings underscore the importance of accurate uncertainty communication and highlight the effect of explanation length in influencing user trust in artificial-intelligence-assisted decision-making environments.
Vital signs-based healthcare kiosks for screening chronic and infectious diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Bhutani Saksham , Alian Aymen , Fletcher Richard Ribon , Bomberg Hagen , Eichenberger Urs , Menon Carlo , Elgendi Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Background

Increasing demands, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have presented substantial challenges to global healthcare systems, resulting in staff shortages and overcrowded emergency rooms. Health kiosks have emerged as a promising solution to improve overall efficiency and healthcare accessibility. However, although kiosks are commonly used worldwide for access to information and financial services, the health kiosk industry, valued at $800 million, accounts for just 1.9% of the $42 billion global kiosk market. This review aims to bridge the research-to-practice gap by examining the development of health kiosk technology from 2013 to 2023.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search across PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar databases, identifying 5,537 articles, with 36 studies meeting inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. We evaluated each study based on kiosk purpose, targeted diseases, measured vital signs, and user demographics, along with an assessment of limitations in participant selection and data reporting.

Results

The findings reveal that blood pressure is the most frequently measured vital sign, utilized in 34% of the studies. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease detection emerges as the primary motivation in 56% of the included studies. The United States, India, and the United Kingdom are notable contributors, accounting for 43% of the reviewed articles. Our assessment reveals considerable limitations in participant selection and data reporting in many studies. Additionally, several research gaps remain, including a lack of performance testing, user experience evaluation, clinical intervention, development standardization, and inadequate sanitization protocols.

Conclusions

This review highlights health kiosks’ potential to ease the burden on healthcare system and expand accessibility. However, widespread adoption is hindered by technical, regulatory, and financial challenges. Addressing these barriers could enable health kiosks to play a greater role in early disease detection and healthcare delivery.
High CDC20 levels increase sensitivity of cancer cells to MPS1 inhibitors
Authors: Zheng Siqi , Raz Linoy , Zhou Lin , Cohen-Sharir Yael , Tian Ruifang , Ippolito Marica Rosaria , Gianotti Sara , Saad Ron , Wardenaar Rene , Broekhuis Mathilde , Suarez Peredo Rodriguez Maria , Wobben Soraya , van den Brink Anouk , Bakker Petra , Santaguida Stefano , Foijer Floris , Ben-David Uri
Published: January 2025

Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibitors are a recently developed class of drugs, which perturb chromosome segregation during cell division, induce chromosomal instability (CIN), and eventually lead to cell death. The molecular features that determine cellular sensitivity to these drugs are not fully understood. We recently reported that aneuploid cancer cells are preferentially sensitive to SAC inhibition. Here we report that sensitivity to SAC inhibition by MPS1 inhibitors is largely driven by the expression of CDC20, a main mitotic activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), and that the effect of CDC20 is larger than that of the APC/C itself. Mechanistically, we discovered that CDC20 depletion prolongs metaphase duration, diminishes mitotic errors, and reduces sensitivity to SAC inhibition. We found that aneuploid cells express higher basal levels of CDC20, which shortens the duration of metaphase and leads to multiple mitotic errors, resulting in increased long-term sensitivity to the additional CIN induced by SAC inhibition. Our findings propose high CDC20 expression as a molecular feature associated with the sensitivity to SAC inhibition therapy and as a potential aneuploidy-induced cellular vulnerability.
[2Fe–2S] model compounds
Authors: Ye Jun-Yang , Gerard Theodore J. , Lee Wei-Tsung
Published: January 2025

This feature article reviews the synthesis, structural comparison, and physical properties of [2Fe–2S] model compounds, which serve as vital tools for understanding the structure and function of Fe–S clusters in biological systems.
Photoinduced stereoselective reactions using pyridinium salts as radical precursors
Authors: Singh Shashank , Gambhir Diksha , Singh Ravi P.
Published: January 2025

This review summarises several approaches for photoinduced stereoselective deaminative alkylation. We have discussed a variety of bond formations, including Csp3–Csp, Csp3–Csp2, Csp3–Csp3, and Csp3–N.
Shape-selective catalysis in cavity-type molecular sieves: cavity-controlled catalytic principle
Authors: Gao Shushu , Ye Fangxiu , Xu Shutao , Wei Yingxu , Liu Zhongmin
Published: January 2025

Cavity-type zeolites or molecular sieves exhibit significant advantages in shape-selective catalysis, following the cavity-controlled catalytic principles, including molecular adsorption, diffusion, reaction, and deactivation processes.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and dynamics in mixtures of ionic liquids and alcohols
Authors: Mozaffari Farkhondeh
Published: January 2025

Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) and alcohols, specifically methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol.
Chiral-at-metal catalysts: history, terminology, design, synthesis, and applications
Authors: Zhang Lilu , Meggers Eric
Published: January 2025

Chiral-at-metal catalysts, containing only achiral ligands, utilize the metal as the sole stereogenic center and the catalytic center. They represent an emerging and powerful class of chiral transition metal catalysts for asymmetric catalysis.
Acid–base and redox performance of carbon nanotubes in methanol conversion
Authors: Bychko Igor , Abakumov Alexander , Zhokh Alexey , Trypolskyi Andrii , Kremen Oksana , Strizhak Peter
Published: January 2025

Catalytic properties of 3 different multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the direct conversion of methanol. DFT calculations were performed to deepen the understanding of the mechanism by evaluating the role of single and double vacancy defects.
The role of [Re(η6-arene)2]+ substituents in electro- and photocatalytic water reduction with [Co(terpy)2]3+ catalysts
Authors: Csucker Joshua , Grundmann Nora Sophie , Blacque Olivier , Spingler Bernhard , Alberto Roger
Published: January 2025

In this report, we assess the electronic influence of [Re(η6-arene)2]+ sandwich complexes conjugated to the water reducing catalyst [Co(terpy)2]2+/3+.
Oxime-palladacycle complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles: a recyclable catalyst for Suzuki-type decarbonylative cross-coupling of esters with aryl boronic acid
Authors: Begum Tahshina , Sultana Sazida Yasmin , Mou Hasmita Hasin , Islam Nashreen S.
Published: January 2025

A heterogeneous and recyclable bis-oxime palladacycle-derived silica immobilized palladium catalyst for decarbonylative cross-coupling reactions of esters with arylboronic acid in the presence of 2-MeTHF.
Hypoxia-activated dissociation of heteroleptic cobalt(iii) complexes with functionalized 2,2′-bipyridines and a model anticancer drug esculetin
Authors: Khakina Ekaterina , Nikovskiy Igor , Spiridonov Kirill , Novikov Valentin , Antoshkina Evgenia , Dzhalilova Dzhuliia , Diatroptova Marina , Martyanova Alina , Rodionov Alexey , Nelyubina Yulia V.
Published: January 2025

The substituent's Hammett parameter correlates linearly with electrochemical reduction potentials and rates of hypoxia-activated dissociation of cobalt complexes with esculetin.
TiO2/CoOx heterostructure decorated MIL-100(Fe) by atomic layer deposition for enhanced photocatalytic oxygen production
Authors: Hu Wenhui , Song Zhongxin , Sun Lingna , Zhang Lei , Zhang Qianling , Ren Xiangzhong , Li Yongliang
Published: January 2025

MIL-100(Fe)/TiO2/CoOx was synthesized through a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal method followed by atomic layer deposition and exhibits exceptional photocatalytic OER performance.
NIR-II absorption and photothermal conversion in a photochromic metal–organic framework based on cis-2,2′-biquinoline-4,4′-dicarboxylate
Authors: Zhang Ning-Ning , Li Ya-Ru , Li Li , Zheng Wei-Li , Liu Lin-Xu , Li Zhen-Yu , Dong Yunyun , Zhao Jinsheng , Qu Kong-Gang , Yan Yong
Published: January 2025

A BCA cis-coordinated MOF (1) was initially discovered to exhibit electron transfer photochromism. Significantly, photogenerated radicals (1P) show a maximum absorption enhancement peak at 1158 nm, thereby promoting the NIR-II photothermal effect.
Machine learning-driven analysis of activation energy for metal halide perovskites
Authors: Patel Vimi , Sorathia Kunjrani , Unjiya Kushal , Patel Raj Dashrath , Pandey Siddhi Vinayak , Kalam Abul , Prochowicz Daniel , Akin Seckin , Yadav Pankaj
Published: January 2025

Metal halide perovskite single crystals (MHPSCs) are highly promising materials for optoelectronic applications, but their stability is hindered by ion migration, thereby impacting their performance.
Unlocking high-current-density nitrate reduction and formaldehyde oxidation synergy for scalable ammonia production and fixation
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Cai Yimeng , Li Yanghua , Sun Chen , Xiao Yi , Yang Yibing , Chen Dechao , Xiao Dongdong , Lee Chi-Feng , Wang Yunjian , Feng Shiqiang , Wang Hsiao-Tsu , Shao Yu-Cheng , Chan Ting-Shan , Ishii Hirofumi , Hiraoka Nozomu , Wang Xiuyun , Luo Jun , Han Lili
Published: January 2025

Single atom Ag-decorated Cu2O nanowires achieve two-ampere-level nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, facilitating further ammonia fixation into ammonium formate at 10 g-scale.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Boosting the solar water oxidation performance of a BiVO4 photoanode by crystallographic orientation control”’ by C. Lu and X. Wang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, DOI: 10.1039/D4EE02619E
Authors: Han Hyun Soo , Cho In Sun , Zheng Xiaolin
Published: January 2025

Additional experimental evidence was provided to demonstrate the growth of the [001]-textured BiVO4 on polycrystalline substrates.
Lean-solvent solid electrolytes for safer and more durable lithium batteries: a crucial review
Authors: Xiong Chenyu , Meng Yuefeng , Wang Yao , Ling Bingyue , Ma Mengyu , Yan Hao , Kang Feiyu , Zhou Dong , Li Baohua
Published: January 2025

This review thoroughly examines the impact of lean-solvent solid electrolyte (LSEs) on for safer and more durable lithium batteries. It also provides a comprehensive overview of existing LSEs.
Constructing a dual-fiber network in high efficiency organic solar cells via additive-induced supramolecular interactions with both donor and acceptor
Authors: Wei Nan , Lu Hao , Wei Yaoyao , Guo Yawen , Song Haoming , Chen Jieni , Yang Zhenyu , Cheng Yetai , Bian Ziqing , Zhang Wenkai , Chen Qiaoling , Liu Yahui , Zhao Wenchao , Xu Xinjun , Bo Zhishan
Published: January 2025

All additives (TZ-Cl, TZ-2Cl, TZ-3Cl) can facilitate the formation of a bicontinuous network structure in active layer through supramolecular interactions, and TZ-3Cl achieved PCEs of 19.8% and 20.2% in binary/ternary OSCs.
Incorporating thermal co-evaporation in current-matched all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells
Authors: Yang Terry Chien-Jen , Kang Taeheon , Fitzsimmons Melissa , Vega Guadalupe , Lu Yang , Rosado Leo , Jiménez-Solano Alberto , Pan Linfeng , Zelewski Szymon J. , Ferrer Orri Jordi , Chiang Yu-Hsien , Guo Dengyang , Ooi Zher Ying , Han Yutong , Xu Weidong , Roose Bart , Ducati Caterina , Carretero Palacios Sol , Anaya Miguel , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: January 2025

Thermal co-evaporation of halide perovskites is a solution-free, conformal, scalable, and controllable deposition technique with great potential for commercial applications, particularly in multi-junction solar cells.
High coordination-solvent bathing for efficient crystallization of MA-free triple halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jerónimo-Rendon José J. , Gholipour Somayeh , Svetlosanova Sofya , Roy Rajarshi , Boehringer Stephan , Topcu Seyma , Zuo Weiwei , Zohdi Mohammadreza , Ataei Mojtaba , Kedia Mayank , Zhuravlova Anna , Turren-Cruz Silver-Hamill , Samorì Paolo , Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Malekshahi Byranvand Mahdi , Saliba Michael
Published: January 2025

Using high coordination dimethyl sulfide, the anti-solvent bathing technique enables efficient extraction of precursor solvents in the perovskite wet film. The resulting highly crystalline films achieve a photovoltaic performance of 20.6%.
Coating complex metallic surfaces with passivated silver nanoparticles for long-term biofilm control
Authors: Ansari Ali , Munni Afsana , Carrillo Dianne , Pedersen Matthew , Islam Rafiqul , Perreault François
Published: January 2025

Passivation increases the coating's stability and reduces the release of silver ions without compromising biofouling resistance.
Enrichment of the major bioavailable molecule glucuronated flavone TMMG in Spinacia oleracea ameliorates cartilage degeneration at a lower dose in ACLT-induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Dhaniya Geeta , Mulay Vallabh , Kothari Priyanka , Sardar Anirban , Chutani Kunal , Parul  , Verma Shikha , Shukla Shubha , Hingorani Lal , Trivedi Ritu
Published: January 2025

Spinacia oleracea extract with its primary molecule, the glucuronide flavone TMMG, at 10 mg kg−1 d−1, proved effective in counteracting the damaging effects on cartilage induced by ACLT, with improved motor activity and coordination.
1,2-trans and regioselective glycosylation of multihydroxy sugars via a simple yet synergistic combination of BF3·Et2O in THF
Authors: Wang Zhimei , Gao Longwei , Wang Yingjie , Yang Fuzhu , Sang Jinpeng , Pan Shuheng , Huang Xin , Zhang Pan , Xie Weijia , Wu Xiaoxing , Yu Biao , Xu Peng , Zhang Xiaheng , Zhang Zhaolun , Li Wei
Published: January 2025

We describe a simple and concise protocol utilizing BF3·Et2O in THF for efficient 1,2-trans and regioselective glycosylation of multihydroxy acceptors, regardless of the use of α- or β-imidate donors.
Healing filler–matrix interfaces in drawn BN/UHMWPE composites by a simple thermal annealing treatment
Authors: Yu Xiangyan , Zhou Qichen , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Man , Kocabas Coskun , Zhang Han , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Yan Haixue , Reece Michael John , Bilotti Emiliano
Published: January 2025

BN doping improved UHMWPE's thermal conductivity but caused poor interfaces, while thermal annealing partially healed the filler–matrix interface and restored its breakdown strength.
Layered NbOCl2 kinetic degradation mechanism and improved second-order nonlinear optical responses
Authors: Kang Jianlong , Wang Yiduo , Zhou Li , Asad Ahmed , Xu Defeng , Chen Zhihui , Wang Yingwei , He Jun , Xiao Si
Published: January 2025

NbOCl2 exhibits exceptional nonlinear optical response, particularly for second harmonic generation (SHG).
Biocompatible glycolipid derived from bhilawanol as an antibiofilm agent and a promising platform for drug delivery
Authors: Banoo Tohira , Ghosh Abhijit , Mishra Priyasha , Roy Sanhita , Nagarajan Subbiah
Published: January 2025

A multifunctional hydrogel derived from bhilawanol-based glycolipid displaying stimuli-responsive drug delivery and antibiofilm property is reported.
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, stability, and mechanism of action of bioresorbable ceragenins
Authors: Gubler Shawn , Zaugg Aaron , Yi Rebekah , Sherren Elliot , Milner Elizabeth , Conyer Wesley , May Tate , Jack Tim , Heaton Tanner , Christopherson Joel , Higbee Preston , Powers Emma , Takara Meg , Linder Anna , Boyack Boston , Pauga Fetutasi , Salmon Morgann , Thomas Miriam , Shiraki Mariko , Deng Shenglou , Savage Paul B.
Published: January 2025

Design, synthesis and characterization of bioresorbable ceragenins as potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
How does goldene stack?
Authors: Pereira Marcelo L. , dos Santos Emanuel J. A. , Ribeiro Luiz A. , Galvão Douglas S.
Published: January 2025

The recent synthesis of goldene, a 2D atomic monolayer of gold, has opened new avenues in exploring novel materials.
A biomass-derived multifunctional conductive coating with outstanding electromagnetic shielding and photothermal conversion properties for integrated wearable intelligent textiles and skin bioelectronics
Authors: Dang Xugang , Fei Yufei , Liu Xinhua , Wang Xuechuan , Wang Haijun
Published: January 2025

A sensor integrating intelligent textiles and skin bioelectronics was developed, demonstrating high sensitivity to electrical signals and motion detection. The textile shows excellent photothermal conversion and electromagnetic shielding.
Gd3+ doped CoCr2O4 nanoparticles: tuning the physical properties and optimizing the hyperthermia efficacy
Authors: Ghosh Mritunjoy Prasad , Sonkar Rahul , Phukan Gongotree , Borah Jyoti Prasad , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: January 2025

Gd3+ doped CoCr2O4 nanoparticles with tunable physical properties were synthesized and have the potential to be used in magnetic hyperthermia applications.
MgO@SiO2 nanocapsules: a controlled magnesium ion release system for targeted inhibition of osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Liu Na , Jiang Fangchao , Feng Zhizi , Mei Sen , Cui Yingna , Zheng Yu , Yang Wei , Wang Benjie , Zhang Weizhong , Xie Jin , Zhang Nan
Published: January 2025

MgO@SiO2 nanocapsules were synthesized, and the silica coating prevents the rapid degradation of nanocrystal and controlled magnesium release, which helps to alleviate the cartilage damage and inflammation caused by OA.
pH-Sensitive oligopeptide magnetic mesoporous silica beads for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction
Authors: Qian Sihua , Wang Yiting , Fan Junjie , Kong Tong , Wang Yuhui , Wang Kaizhe , Liao Yufeng , Wang Li , Zheng Jianping
Published: January 2025

pH-Sensitive oligopeptide magnetic mesoporous silica beads were successfully prepared by using large-pore dendritic silica colloids as templates for DNA extraction.
Sulfonic acid-functionalized nano zeolite NaY: a Brønsted acid catalyst for the green synthesis of pyridines and 1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Younesi Hamidreza , Asghari Sakineh , Firouzzadeh Pasha Ghasem , Tajbakhsh Mahmood
Published: January 2025

This study presents the development of a novel organo-inorganic hybrid material (zeolite-SO3H) through the three-component reaction of carbon disulfide and 1,3-propane sultone with aminopropyl-functionalized NaY zeolite.
What makes β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ such a successful luminescent thermometer?
Authors: Suta Markus
Published: January 2025

The upconversion phosphor β-NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ is one of the primary working horse examples for ratiometric luminescent Boltzmann thermometry. But why? Theoretical arguments are used in this work to unravel that recorded success.
Sulfur-containing block polymers from ring-opening copolymerization: coordinative encapsulants for transition metals
Authors: Stephan Jenny , Stühler Merlin R. , Fornacon-Wood Christoph , Dimde Mathias , Ludwig Kai , Sturm Heinz , Olmedo-Martínez Jorge L. , Müller Alejandro J. , Plajer Alex J.
Published: January 2025

Sulfur-containing block copolymers were synthesized via ring-opening copolymerization, forming self-assembled aggregates with sulfur-rich cores that enable tunable metal coordination.
Synthesis and bio-evaluation of aminoferrocene-based anticancer prodrugs as potent ferroptosis inducers
Authors: Zhang Qianer , Fan Xuejing , Qian Huimei , Xiao Shanshan , Song Qin , Wang Yicheng , Wang Jing , Yang Shuang , Wang Yong
Published: January 2025

Novel ROS-responsive N-alkylaminoferrocene (NAAF)-appended GPX4 inhibitors have been designed and prepared as potent ferroptosis-inducing prodrugs.
Interference of potassium chloride and diammonium hydrogen phosphate on volumetric, viscometric and spectroscopic properties of aqueous nicotinamide
Authors: Mohapatra Prachiprava , Panda Siddhartha , Mishra Dwitikrishna , Singh Sulochana , Talukdar Malabika
Published: January 2025

Understanding how vitamins and fertilizers interact in aquatic environments is crucial for managing water quality, protecting aquatic life, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.