bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced complete ensemble EMD with superior noise handling capabilities: A robust signal decomposition method for power systems analysis
Authors: Calvo Manuel Soto , Lee Han Soo
Published: March 2024

Signal decomposition is crucial in several domains, particularly in the dissection of complex signals present in electrical power systems. Understanding the oscillations and patterns within these signals can significantly influence energy resource management, grid stability, and efficient system operation. This paper presents an advanced enhanced decomposition method based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) to mitigate the inherent drawbacks of the conventional CEEMDAN and its improved version. Unlike CEEMDAN's generalized noise approach, the proposed method introduces adaptive noise, enhancing target signal noise handling by incorporating a tailored filtering and updating process after each iteration. This leads to more accurate signal decomposition compared to traditional methods. Comprehensive tests were conducted using artificially generated signals characterized by mode mixing, varying frequency oscillations, complex real‐world electrical demand signals, generator axis vibrations and partial discharge signals. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional techniques in two significant aspects. First, it provides superior spectral separation of the intrinsic modes (IMF) of the signal, thereby enhancing decomposition accuracy. Second, it significantly reduced the number of shifting iterations, thereby alleviating the computational load. These advancements have led to a more accurate and efficient framework that is essential for analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary signals.
The Role of Sediment Ingestion in Exposing Bottom-Feeding Fish to Chemical Elements
Authors: Beyer W. Nelson , Pinkney Alfred E.
Published: March 2024

Digesta were collected from the intestines of seven species of bottom-feeding fish to better understand the role of incidental ingestion of sediment in exposing fish to inorganic contaminants. A composite sediment tracer variable, based on concentrations of Co, Cr, Ni, Ti, V, and Y in digesta and in sediment, was calculated to estimate sediment content of digesta. Concentration factors (mg/kg in digesta divided by mg/kg in sediment) of eight elements of interest were linearly regressed on this tracer variable. The relative importance of sediment ingestion to oral exposure was quantified. Zinc, Cd, and Cu were ingested mainly from sediment-free food. Arsenic, Cr, Ni, Al, and Pb, in contrast, were ingested mainly from sediment. As an example, 93% of the Ni in digesta from a brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) was from sediment and only 7% from food. Regressions of Al and Pb in digesta of suckers (Catostomidae) suggested an additional oral source, possibly from oxides coating biotic or abiotic surfaces. Overall, concentrations of 12 of 21 elements studied were positively correlated with sediment content (p < 0.005). Including sediment ingestion as a pathway for bottom-feeding fish is essential for accurately estimating exposures in toxicological studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1036–1046. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Reduced Freshwater Mussel Juvenile Production as a Result of Agricultural and Urban Contaminant Mixture Exposures
Authors: Richard Molly A. , Elliott Sarah , Hummel Stephanie L. , Woolnough Daelyn A. , Rzodkiewicz Lacey D. , Gill Stephanie P. , Rappold Justin , Annis Mandy L.
Published: March 2024

Freshwater mussels provide invaluable ecological services but are threatened by habitat alteration, poor water quality, invasive species, climate change, and contaminants, including contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Contaminants of emerging concerns are well documented in aquatic environments, including the Great Lakes Basin, but limited information is available on how environmentally relevant mixtures affect freshwater mussel biology throughout their varied life stages. Our main goal was to assess mussels' reproductive output in response to exposure to agricultural and urban CEC mixtures during glochidial development through juvenile transformation and excystment focusing on how exposure duration and treatment affect: (1) the number of glochidia prematurely released by brooding females, (2) glochidial transformation through host-fish excystment, and (3) the number of fully metamorphosed juveniles able to continue the lifecycle. Mussels and host fish were exposed to either a control water (CW), control ethanol (CE), agriculture CEC mixture (AM), or urban CEC mixture (UM) for 40 and 100 days. We found no effect from treatment or exposure duration on the number of glochidia prematurely released. Fewer partially and fully metamorphosed AM juveniles were observed during the 100-day exposure, compared with the 40-day. During the 40-day exposure, CW produced more fully metamorphosed individuals compared with CE and UM, but during the 100-day exposure AM produced more fully metamorphosed individuals compared with the CW. There was reduction in fully metamorphosed juveniles compared with partially metamorphosed for CE and UM during the 40-day exposure, as well as in the CW during the 100-day exposure. These results will be important for understanding how mussel populations are affected by CEC exposure. The experiments also yielded many insights for laboratory toxicology exposure studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1112–1125. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
The Effects of Wastewater Reuse on Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) Relative Abundance in the Shenandoah River Watershed, USA
Authors: Wagner Tyler , McLaughlin Paul , Faunce Kaycee E. , Austin Samuel , Smalling Kelly
Published: March 2024

Municipal and industrial wastewater effluent is an important source of water for lotic systems, especially during periods of low flow. The accumulated wastewater effluent flows—expressed as a percentage of total streamflow (ACCWW%)—contain chemical mixtures that pose a risk to aquatic life; fish may be particularly vulnerable when chronically exposed. Although there has been considerable focus on individual-level effects of exposure to chemical mixtures found in wastewater effluent, scaling up to population-level effects remains a challenging component needed to better understand the potential consequences of exposure in wild populations. This may be particularly important under a changing climate in which wastewater reuse could be essential to maintain river flows. We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to wastewater effluent, as measured by ACCWW%, on the relative abundance of young-of-year (YOY), juvenile, and adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) populations in the Shenandoah River Watershed (USA). We found that increases in ACCWW% in the previous year and during the prespawn period were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of YOY, resulting in an average 41% predicted decrease in abundance (range = 0.5%–94% predicted decrease in abundance). This lagged effect suggests that adult fish reproductive performance may be compromised by chemical exposure during periods of high ACCWW%. No relationships between ACCWW% and juvenile or adult relative abundance were found, suggesting that negative effects of ACCWW% on YOY abundance may be offset due to compensatory mechanisms following higher ACCWW% exposure. Understanding the effects of wastewater effluent exposure at multiple levels of biological organization will help in the development of management strategies aimed at protecting aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1138–1148. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Exploring the Relationship Among Lipid Profile Changes, Growth, and Reproduction in Folsomia candida Exposed to Teflubenzuron Over Time
Authors: Ilyaskina Diana , Fernandes Saúl , Berg Matty P. , Lamoree Marja H. , Gestel Cornelis A. M. , Leonards Pim E. G.
Published: March 2024

The integration of untargeted lipidomics approaches in ecotoxicology has emerged as a strategy to enhance the comprehensiveness of environmental risk assessment. Although current toxicity tests with soil microarthropods focus on species performance, that is, growth, reproduction, and survival, understanding the mechanisms of toxicity across all levels of biological organization, from molecule to community is essential for informed decision-making. Our study focused on the impacts of sublethal concentrations of the insecticide teflubenzuron on the springtail Folsomia candida. Untargeted lipidomics was applied to link changes in growth, reproduction, and the overall stress response with lipid profile changes over various exposure durations. The accumulation of teflubenzuron in organisms exposed to the highest test concentration (0.035 mg a.s. kg–1 soil dry wt) significantly impacted reproductive output without compromising growth. The results suggested a resource allocation shift from reproduction to size maintenance. This hypothesis was supported by lipid shifts on day 7, at which point reductions in triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol content corresponded with decreased offspring production on day 21. The hypermetabolism of fatty acids and N-acylethanolamines on days 2 and 7 of exposure indicated oxidative stress and inflammation in the animals in response to teflubenzuron bioaccumulation, as measured using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, the changes in lipid profiles in comparison with phenotypic adverse outcomes highlight the potential of lipid analysis as an early-warning tool for reproductive disturbances caused by pesticides in F. candida. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1149–1160. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Heat transfer assessment incorporated with entropy generation within a curved corner structure enclosing a cold domain
Authors: Saboj Jiaul Haque , Nag Preetom , Saha Goutam , Saha Suvash C.
Published: March 2024

In cold climates or winter countries, maintaining optimal room temperatures is essential for comfort and energy efficiency. Conventional square or rectangle‐shaped rooms often face challenges in achieving efficient heat transfer (HT) and uniform temperature distribution. To address these limitations, this study has been explored using curved corner cavities, varying their aspect ratio (AR = 1.0 and 0.5), and incorporating a circular shape cooler to enhance HT within the room. The curved corners promote better airflow circulation, creating a more efficient HT environment. The dimensionless governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions are solved numerically using the finite element method. This research aims to assess the optimized HT and entropy production within a curved corner cavity, varying their AR and enclosing a circular shape cooler to determine the most effective configuration for maximizing HT and energy efficiency in winter conditions. This study reveals that in the case without a cooler (WOC), the average Nusselt number () is higher in the curved rectangle cavity compared with the curved square cavity for all values. Using the curved square (AR = 1.0), increases by 191.86%, while with the curved rectangle (AR = 0.5), increases by 302.63% at . Additionally, in the case with a cooler (WC), is higher than the case WOC and , and an average total entropy increases for both the WOC and WC cases for all values. Transitioning from a square to a curved rectangle (AR = 0.5) WC, increases by 329.34% at . Furthermore, in the WOC case, the curved square cavity and, in the WC case, the curved rectangle show better energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact.
Opto‐electronic and thermophysical characteristics of A2TlAgF6 (A = Rb, Cs) for green technology applications
Authors: Al‐Qaisi Samah , Iram Nazia , Samah Saidi , Alqorashi Afaf Khadr , Aljameel A. I. , Alrebdi Tahani A. , Abbas Zeesham , Bouzgarrou S. , Rahman Md. Ferdous , Verma Ajay Singh
Published: March 2024

Lead‐free double perovskites are unique materials for transport and optoelectronic applications that use clean resources to generate energy. Using first‐principle computations, this study thoroughly investigates the structural, thermoelectric, and optical attributes of A2TlAgF6 (A = Rb, Cs). Tolerance factor and formation energy estimates are used to verify that these materials exist in the cubic phase. Elastic constants with high melting temperature values are ductile when evaluated for mechanical stability using the Born stability criterion. The optical absorption band is adjusted from 2 to 4 eV via band gaps of 1.88 and 1.99 eV, as indicated by band structures. Analysis of optical properties reveals perfect absorption in the visible spectrum, whole polarization, and low optical loss. Furthermore, thermoelectric properties are assessed at 300, 500, and 700 K in the range of −0.5 to 3 eV for chemical potential (μ). The materials exhibit significant improvements in the Figure of Merit scale due to their elevated electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and extremely low thermal conductivity values.
Peritumoral MRI Radiomics Features Increase the Evaluation Efficiency for Response to Chemotherapy in Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Li Yong'ai , Jian Junming , Ge Huijie , Gao Xin , Qiang Jinwei
Published: March 2024

Background

It remains unclear whether extracting peritumoral volume (PTV) radiomics features are useful tools for evaluating response to chemotherapy of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Purpose

To evaluate MRI radiomics signatures (RS) capturing subtle changes of PTV and their added evaluation performance to whole tumor volume (WTV) for response to chemotherapy in patients with EOC.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

219 patients aged from 15 to 79 years were enrolled.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 or 1.5T, axial fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging (FS‐T2WI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast enhanced T1‐weighted imaging (CE‐T1WI).

Assessment

MRI features were extracted from the four axial sequences and six different volumes of interest (VOIs) (WTV and WTV + PTV (WPTV)) with different peritumor sizes (PS) ranging from 1 to 5 mm. Those features underwent preprocessing, and the most informative features were selected using minimum redundancy maximum relevance and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to construct the RS. The optimal RS, with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic was then integrated with independent clinical characteristics through multivariable logistic regression to construct the radiomics‐clinical model (RCM).

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐squared test, DeLong test, log‐rank test. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.

Results

All the RSs constructed on WPTV exhibited higher AUCs (0.720–0.756) than WTV (0.671). Of which, RS with PS = 2 mm displayed a significantly better performance (AUC = 0.756). International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage was identified as the exclusive independent clinical evaluation characteristic, and the RCM demonstrated higher AUC (0.790) than the RS, but without statistical significance (P = 0.261).

Data Conclusion

The radiomics features extracted from PTV could increase the efficiency of WTV radiomics for evaluating the chemotherapy response of EOC. The cut‐off of 2 mm PTV was a reasonable value to obtain effective evaluation efficiency.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Characterization of PEGylation sites in Neulasta and a biosimilar candidate with a combined fragmentation strategy in mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Rauniyar Navin , Togle Alyssa J. , Ronci Rachel A. , Reyes Diego , Han Xuemei
Published: March 2024

In the development of biosimilar products to Neulasta, it is essential to determine the intact molecular mass and confirm precise PEGylation sites. In this study, we applied a combination of techniques, including post‐column addition of triethylamine in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (RPLC‐MS) to determine the intact molecular mass, and in‐source fragmentation (ISF) and higher‐energy collision dissociation–tandem mass spectrometry (HCD‐MS/MS) to identify the PEGylation site. Our results show that both the pegfilgrastim biosimilar candidate and Neulasta lots are mono‐PEGylated at the N‐terminal end. Furthermore, we show that the combined ISF and HCD‐MS/MS method can be used for identifying the PEGylation sites in the diPEGylated variant of pegfilgrastim. The diPEGylated variant has modification sites at the N‐terminal end and a lysine at position 35 in the protein sequence.
Association between monoclonal antibody therapy, vaccination, and longer‐term symptom resolution after acute COVID‐19
Authors: Roberts Samantha C. , Jolley Sarah E. , Beaty Laurel E. , Aggarwal Neil R. , Bennett Tellen D. , Carlson Nichole E. , Fish Lindsey E. , Kwan Bethany M. , Russell Seth , Wogu Adane F. , Wynia Matthew A. , Ginde Adit A.
Published: March 2024

Effective therapies for reducing post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) symptoms are lacking. Evaluate the association between monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment or COVID‐19 vaccination with symptom recovery in COVID‐19 participants. The longitudinal survey‐based cohort study was conducted from April 2021 to January 2022 across a multihospital Colorado health system. Adults ≥18 years with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test were included. Primary exposures were mAb treatment and COVID‐19 vaccination. The primary outcome was time to symptom resolution after SARS‐CoV‐2 positive test date. The secondary outcome was hospitalization within 28 days of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test. Analysis included 1612 participants, 539 mAb treated, and 486 with ≥2 vaccinations. Time to symptom resolution was similar between mAb treated versus untreated patients (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.90, 95% CI: 0.77−1.04). Time to symptom resolution was shorter for patients who received ≥2 vaccinations compared to those unvaccinated (aHR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.31−1.88). 28‐day hospitalization risk was lower for patients receiving mAb therapy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19−0.50) and ≥2 vaccinations (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20−0.55), compared with untreated or unvaccinated status. Analysis included 1612 participants, 539 mAb treated, and 486 with ≥2 vaccinations. Time to symptom resolution was similar between mAb treated versus untreated patients (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.90, 95% CI: 0.77−1.04). Time to symptom resolution was shorter for patients who received ≥2 vaccinations compared to those unvaccinated (aHR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.31−1.88). 28‐day hospitalization risk was lower for patients receiving mAb therapy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19−0.50) and ≥2 vaccinations (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20−0.55), compared with untreated or unvaccinated status. COVID‐19 vaccination, but not mAb therapy, was associated with a shorter time to symptom resolution. Both were associated with lower 28‐day hospitalization.
Kinetics study of total organic carbon destruction during supercritical water gasification of glucose
Authors: Chowdhury Muhammad Badrul Islam , Hossain Md Zakir , Charpentier Paul A.
Published: March 2024

The kinetics of total organic carbon (TOC) destruction during supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of glucose were studied at 400–500°C and 25 MPa in a 600 mL batch reactor. Both TOC and water concentrations are critical for the conversion of TOC in supercritical water, especially at longer residence times. Initially, it was assumed that the TOC destruction reaction followed first‐order kinetics ignoring the water concentration. However, experimental results showed that the feed‐to‐water ratio had a significant effect on TOC decomposition. Considering the water concentration in the reaction, the reaction orders of TOC (2.35) and water (1.45) were calculated using nonlinear regression analysis (the Runge‐Kutta method). The estimated pre‐exponential factor (k’) and activation energy (E) were calculated to be 8.1 ± 2/min and 90.37 ± 9.38 kJ/mol respectively.
Perceived economic mobility predicts evaluation of low‐fit co‐brands
Authors: Nie Xinyu , Wang Liangyan , Chan Eugene Y.
Published: March 2024

Co‐branding is an effective marketing strategy that is widely used by brands to expand the market, but research on the influence of consumer‐level factors is limited, with predominant emphasis on brand‐level factors that predict acceptance of brands that are seemingly “different” from each other co‐branding with one another. This research explores the effect of perceived economic mobility on perceived co‐branding fit. Findings from Experiment 1 indicate that co‐brands low or moderate (vs. high) fit with one another are perceived more favorably when perceived economic mobility is higher. Experiment 2 further examines the proposed mechanism that we propose to be holistic thinking style behind the influence of perceived economic mobility on distant co‐branding evaluation, and it also rules out two alternative explanations. Experiment 3 replicates above findings with an American dataset. Our findings contribute to the co‐branding literature by proposing a novel antecedent—perceived economic mobility—of low‐fit co‐branding. Our findings also provide managerial guidelines for enhancing co‐branding effectiveness.
Identical radiological and clinical pre‐diagnostic findings of a mucor fungus ball with uncommon histopathological appearance
Authors: Er Nuray , Karaca Çiğdem , Koç Onur , Biçki Turhan , Sular Özge , Özdemir Deniz Ateş
Published: March 2024

Background

The present case is a valuable sample revealing a noninvasive mucor fungus ball (FB)'s etiological factors and radiologic characteristics.

Case Presentation

The hemifacial pain complaint of the patient was started following the development of type II diabetes. A homogenous and partial radiopacity was radiologically monitored in the left maxillary sinus. An FB in the necrotic background, primarily originating from mucor, was histopathologically diagnosed. A 1‐year follow‐up was completed uneventfully.

Conclusion

Diabetes could trigger a symptomatic mucor FB development. Practitioners should be aware of a mucor FB existence if a partial homogenous radiopacification is seen in the maxillary sinuses.
Towpreg manufacturing and characterization for filament winding application
Authors: Jois Kumar C. , Mölling Tim , Schuster Jakob , Grigat Niels , Gries Thomas
Published: March 2024

In the field of textile technology, this study centers on towpreg—an integral component utilized in production techniques like tape laying and filament winding. Here, fibers are pre‐coated with resin, typically epoxy but not exclusively. Notably, towpreg retains a partially cured state, maintaining tackiness throughout the processing stages. The ultimate quality of the product manufactured with this towpreg is highly dependent on this initial material. This research highlights the importance of considering various factors that impact product quality. While not exhaustive, a systematic analysis of diverse towpreg parameters, including tack, resin content, and width, is provided. The work encompasses findings, challenges, and insights derived from towpreg manufacturing, incorporating the investigation of various experimental methodologies. The study also evaluates methodologies for laminated coupon production with towpreg, assessing their applicability in characterizing filament‐wound components. Although the article seems like a review, the authors aim to give a clear and holistic picture in one work instead of spreading information across many articles.

Highlights

Techniques for the quantification of towpreg tack are presented.

Resin content distribution along towpreg length is presented.

Towpreg width variation was investigated, seen to be one of the major causes for the gaps and voids in a filament wound composite.

Coupon‐level characterization of towpreg through filament winding approach is presented.

Other filament winding parameters influencing the quality of the manufactured composite are discussed.
Carboxylated cellulose composite film fabricated via layer‐by‐layer self‐sssembly for thermal management material with ultra‐high thermal conductivity
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Xiaohong , Lu Huijie , Wang Hao , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Yue , Yang Yuqing , Xia Ru , Qian Jiasheng , Pan Yang , Jia Ning , Ke Yuchao
Published: March 2024

With the development of 5G equipment, aerospace, sensors, thermal management devices and other fields in the direction of high power, high performance and miniaturization, the heat released during usage increases significantly, leaving great application prospects for heat dissipation materials. In spite of great attention paid to film materials due to their light weight and flexibility, they have the obvious disadvantage of poor thermal conductivity. In this work, carboxylated cellulose (CNF‐C)/dopamine‐coated nickel‐coated graphene (PDA‐Ni@GNS) composite films with high in‐plane thermal conductivity (in‐plane TC) have been fabricated by a simple vacuum‐assisted filtration method. In the prepared composite films, the flaky packing layers were found to be stacked orderly and form an excellent thermally conductive network, resulting in an increase in in‐plane TC by 322.1% (sample W4) as compared with that of neat films. By comparing the in‐plane TCs of the composite films with that of a commercial gasket, it was readily seen that the present composite films had fairly excellent heat dissipation properties. The composite exhibits not only sufficiently high in‐plane TC and tensile strength of 149.02 MPa but also exhibits hydrophobic property, imparting the composite films good working stability under extreme conditions, which ensured of their potential applications in thermal management materials.

Highlights

The introduction of Ni promotes the construction of heat conduction path.

High in‐plane TC is obtained through layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly.

The modification of filler enhanced the mechanical properties of the films.

The modification of fillers led to the hydrophobicity of the film.

The introduction of PDA made the films have insulating properties.
Establishment of strain rate‐dependent intrinsic models for short‐cut carbon fiber/nitrile composites in different pyrolysis states
Authors: Zhao Wan Ling , Liu Yang , Dong Zhi Chao , Yu Xiao Jing
Published: March 2024

Flexible nozzle extension technology has been extensively researched throughout the world, but traditional materials cannot meet the growing demands in harsh environments. Short‐cut carbon fiber‐reinforced nitrile rubber (CF/NBR) composites, which are similar to the phenolic impregnated carbon ablator, are currently a hot research topic in this field. The mechanical properties of CF/NBR composites were experimentally tested to study the change in the mechanical behavior of a rocket engine's flexible nozzle extension section under thermal coupling. As indicated by the results, existing models cannot accurately predict changes in materials' mechanical behavior. The theoretical foundation of the nonlinear viscoelastic intrinsic model of rubber is utilized. The uniaxial tensile intrinsic model of CF/NBR composites has been improved by introducing physical parameters, such as fiber reinforcement, strain rate‐dependent correction and temperature‐dependent correction coefficients, and fiber volume fraction. Results show that the intrinsic model developed in this article provides a guide to the uniaxial tensile mechanical behavior of randomly distributed short‐cut CF/NBR composites with known mass‐part formulations and fiber volume fractions at room temperature and under different pyrolysis conditions.
Multifunctional montmorillonite/polyhydroxy butyrate composites using surfactant structure modulation strategy for packaging applications
Authors: Yang Zhihai , Xie Zhong , Ren Xinqi , Zuo Peiyuan , Lu Huizhi , Yin Wei , Zhuang Qixin
Published: March 2024

The biodegradable materials for the packaging sector have attracted much attention as they can effectively reduce the reliance on fossil fuel products. The introduction of two‐dimensional layered fillers is readily available for packaging materials to minimize costs while enhancing performance. However, few studies have investigated the molecular structure changes of OMMT to further modulate the comprehensive performance of polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) materials. To fill this gap, we innovatively modified the surfactant's structure to regulate the embedding and dispersion of montmorillonite (OMMT) and interfacial bonding with the substrate, thus further examining the material's antibacterial and degrading properties and discussing mechanisms for the first time. The prepared C18M7@PHB materials present enhanced tensile strength (180%) and high thermal stability, excellent antimicrobial properties compared to the unmodified one. Both the water vapor and oxygen permeabilities of composites have decreased by 87% and 55%, respectively. Moreover, it is found that the composites exhibit various degradation cycles mainly depending on active agent chain length. This work lays a solid foundation for multifunctional packaging materials based on fillers with two‐dimensional layered structures.

Highlights

Determining the ideal film's bulk ratio and active agent structure.

Optimizing the film's excellent tensile strength and antimicrobial properties.

Significantly blocking the infiltration of water vapor and oxygen.

Identifying the film's filler's degradation behavior and barrier mechanism.
Regioselective chain‐straightening polymerization of α‐olefins through 2,ω‐enchainment using amine–imine nickel catalysts
Authors: Deng Huiyun , Gao Heng , Zhou Haotian , Qiu Zonglin , Zheng Handou , Gao Haiyang
Published: March 2024

The control of the regioselectivity of metal‐catalyzed α‐olefins polymerization is of everlasting interest. Most nickel and palladium catalysts show high regioselectivity involving 2,1‐insertion of α‐olefins and 1,ω‐enchainment chain‐straightening, especially α‐diimine nickel catalysts. In this contribution, we report extremely rare regioselective chain‐straightening polymerization of α‐olefins through 2,ω‐enchainment using unsymmetrical amine–imine nickel catalysts. The polymerizations of α‐olefins (1‐hexene, 1‐octene, and 1‐decene) were studied in detail, and the effects of catalyst structure, reaction temperature, and monomer concentration on the polymerization activity and the regioselectivity were examined. The unsymmetrical N‐substituents of the amine–imine nickel catalysts play a crucial role in the regioselectivity. High regioselectivity involving 80.4% 1,2‐insertion and 84.5% 2,ω‐enchainment is realized to produce amorphous polyolefins without melting temperatures.
Preparation of a long‐lasting tablet of spinosad microspheres and its residual insecticidal efficacy against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
Authors: Yu Hongxiao , Li Yunqi , Wang Hong , Zhang Lei , Suo Penghui , Su Tianyun , Han Qian
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUNDS

In order to provide a long‐lasting formulation for spinosad (SP) targeting larval stages of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and others alike, a SP tablet was developed based on microspheres, using polylactic acid as inside coating material. The microspheres were encapsulated using polyethylene glycol and 1‐hexadecanol to form a sustained‐release SP tablet. Micromorphology, active ingredient loading, structure identification, photolysis resistance and biological activity were evaluated in this report.

RESULTS

(i) The SP microspheres had an average particle size of 6.16 ± 2.28 μm, low adhesion and good dispersion as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and morphology. (ii) The average active ingredient loading and encapsulation of SP microspheres were 32.80 ± 0.74% and 78.41 ± 2.22%, respectively. (iii) The chemical structure of encapsulated SP was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. (iv) The photostability of the microspheres and the tablets were evaluated. The results showed that DT50 (time required to dissipate 50% of the mass originally present) of SP was 0.95 days in microspheres and 6.94 days in tablets. (v) The long‐term insecticidal activity of SP tablets was investigated, and the tablet had a long‐lasting activity against the mosquito larvae, showing 100% larval mortality for 63 days.

CONCLUSIONS

The study provided a new long‐lasting formulation of SP, which displayed good efficacy in the control of Ae. aegypti larvae. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Better off in the city? Economic outcomes of rural out‐migration in Sweden—sibling study of cohorts 1960–1984
Authors: Sundvall Samuel , Junkka Johan
Published: March 2024

This study examines disparities in income levels and employment status between individuals who migrate from rural areas and their siblings who remained in rural settings in Sweden for cohorts born 1960–1984. Utilizing comprehensive Swedish register data, we track the economic outcomes at age 35 or rural residents who migrated between ages 15 and 25, comparing them to non‐migrating siblings. Our analysis, employing binomial logit and log‐linear models for employment odds and income levels, respectively, reveals that while rural out‐migration generally leads to higher income, it does not significantly impact employment status. The study underscores the role of individual and family‐specific factors—such as gender and education—and broader time‐ and place‐dependent structures in mediating migration's effects. We find that income disparity between migrants and non‐migrants has increased since the 1990s and that the differences increase with the urbanization level of the destination.
Structural and Photoluminescence Characteristics of a Novel Single‐Phase White‐Emitting Phosphor SrBi2Nb2O9:Dy3+
Authors: Yang Xiao , Cui Ruirui , Zhang Jun , Deng Chaoyong
Published: March 2024

A group of white light‐emitting phosphors SrBi2Nb2O9:xDy3+ (SBN:xDy3+) are prepared by high‐temperature solid reaction. The crystal phase, morphology, and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the prepared SBN:xDy3+ are analyzed. The X‐ray diffraction results prove that the synthesized samples are pure phase, in which the shift of the main peak depicted that crystal interplanar distance decreases after Dy3+ replacing Bi3+. The scanning electron microscope results show that the average crystal size of the sample is ≈1–10 μm. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy shows that the ratio of element composition of the SBN:xDy3+ is similar to the theoretical calculation. The PL excitation illustrates the excitation peaks mainly exist at 389, 399, 426, and 450 nm due to the transitions of Dy3+. For PL, the emission peaks of samples with different doping concentrations are centered at 479 and 573 nm. The ratio of yellow intensity to blue intensity indicates that Dy3+ is located at a high symmetry site, which has the possibility to produce suitable white light. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of the SBN:xDy3+ are located near the standard white light coordinate. All these results prove that SrBi2Nb2O9:xDy3+ can be a potential material in the white light application.
Hijacking and rewiring of host CircRNA/miRNA/mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks by oncoviruses during development of viral cancers
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Javad , Salehi Mohammad , Mostafavi Mehrnaz , Morovatshoar Reza , Akbari Mitra , Latifi Narges , Barzegari Omid , Ghadimi Fatemeh , Daraei Abdolreza
Published: March 2024

A significant portion of human cancers are caused by oncoviruses (12%–25%). Oncoviruses employ various strategies to promote their replication and induce tumourigenesis in host cells, one of which involves modifying the gene expression patterns of the host cells, leading to the rewiring of genes and resulting in significant changes in cellular processes and signalling pathways. In recent studies, a specific mode of gene regulation known as circular RNA (circRNA)‐mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks has emerged as a key player in this context. CircRNAs, a class of non‐coding RNA molecules, can interact with other RNA molecules, such as mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), through a process known as ceRNA crosstalk. This interaction occurs when circRNAs, acting as sponges, sequester miRNAs, thereby preventing them from binding to their target mRNAs and modulating their expression. By rewiring the host cell genome, oncoviruses have the ability to manipulate the expression and activity of circRNAs, thereby influencing the ceRNA networks that can profoundly impact cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. This review focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of the latest findings on the involvement of virus‐induced reprogramming of host circRNA‐mediated ceRNA networks in the development and pathophysiology of human viral cancers, including cervical cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Understanding these mechanisms can improve our knowledge of how oncoviruses contribute to human tumourigenesis and identify potential targets for developing optimised therapies and diagnostic tools for viral cancers.
A Screening Approach to the Safe‐and‐Sustainable‐by‐Design Development of Advanced Insulation Materials
Authors: Di Battista Veronica , Ribalta Carla , Vilsmeier Klaus , Singh Dilpreet , Demokritou Philip , Günther Eva , Jensen Keld Alstrup , Dekkers Susan , Adam Veronique , Wohlleben Wendel
Published: March 2024

Herein, a Safe‐and‐Sustainable‐by‐Design (SSbD) screening strategy on four different inorganic aerogel mats and two conventional mineral wools for ranking purposes is demonstrated. Given that they do not consist of particles, the release is first simulated, addressing three occupational exposure scenarios, realistic for their intended use as building insulators. No exposure to consumers nor to the environment is foreseen in the use phase, however, aerosols may be released during mat installation, posing an inhalation risk for workers. All four aerogel mats release more respirable dust than the benchmark materials and 60% thereof deposits in the alveolar region according to modelling tools. The collected aerogel dust allows for subsequent screening of hazard implications via two abiotic assays: 1) surface reactivity in human blood serum; 2) biodissolution kinetics in lung simulant fluids. Both aerogels and conventional insulators show similar surface reactivity. Differences in biodissolution are influenced by the specifically designed organic and inorganic structural modifications. Aerogel mats are better‐performing insulators (2‐fold lower thermal conductivity than the benchmark) However, this work demonstrates how investment decisions can be balanced with safety and sustainability aspects. Concepts of analogy and similarity thus support easily accessible methods to companies for safe and economically viable innovation with advanced materials.
Using a genre‐based approach to teach writing to elementary ESL students: A boon or a barrier?
Authors: Zohbie Aicha , Bhowmik Subrata
Published: March 2024

A genre‐based approach to second language (L2) writing instruction has received traction due to its impact on helping L2 students improve their writing skills. This approach to teaching writing is particularly useful for young English language learners (ELLs), as it simultaneously focuses on their English language and writing skills development. Despite this, the genre‐based approach is often criticized for its apparent prescriptiveness. In this article, we make the case that a genre approach to writing instruction is a boon not a barrier to ELLs in elementary contexts. Drawing on the scholarship in early childhood literacy and L2 writing, we posit that a genre approach to writing instruction is helpful to elementary ELLs for the following reasons: (a) it is a phased approach, (b) it provides experiential learning opportunities, (c) it is goal‐oriented, and (d) it helps make students self‐efficacious and autonomous. Using these reasons as reference points, we also discuss implications for teaching and learning.
Regulatory mechanism of the Glabrene against non‐small cell lung cancer by suppressing FGFR3
Authors: He Miao , Wu Huiling , Hu Lingjing , Liu Nan , Zhang Guoduo , Wang Shumei
Published: March 2024

Background

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly malignant tumor with limited effective treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Glabrene on NSCLC through its interaction with FGFR3.

Methods

HCC827 cells were implanted into nude mice and treated with Glabrene. Tumor volume was monitored at 0, 3, 6, and 9 days after medical treatment. Tissue analysis included Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, as well as immunohistochemistry for Ki67, ERK1/2, and p‐ERK1/2 expression. Cell viability was determined with the CCK8 method. We utilized immunofluorescence techniques to observe apoptosis, as well as the levels of E‐cadherin and Vimentin expression. Cellular proliferation was determined via plate cloning assay and cellular mobility was determined via scratch assay. Cellular invasion ability was assessed via a transwell assay. mRNA and protein levels of FGFR3, MMP1, MMP9, vimentin, E‐cadherin, ERK1/2, and p‐ERK1/2 were detected via qPCR and Western blot. IGF‐1, VEGF, and Estradiol (E2) levels were measured through Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

This study verified that Glabrene was capable of suppressing tumor growth in NSCLC mice, reversing tumor tissue's pathological morphology, attenuating the capacities of cancerous cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion, and leading to apoptosis. Besides, Glabrene could reduce the FGFR3 expression in HCC827 cells. Over‐expression of FGFR3 promotes the proliferation of HCC827 cells, increase both contents of IGF‐1, VEGF, and E2, and expressions of MMP1, MMP9, vimentin, and p‐ERK1/2, while Glabrene inhibited FGFR3. Glabrene, and inhibition of FGFR3 expression were capable of decreasing FGFR3, MMP1, MMP9, vimentin, and p‐ERK1/2 expression, as well as contents of IGF‐1, VEGF, and E2 in model mice and HCC827 cells, and promoting the expression of E‐cadherin.

Conclusion

Glabrene has the potential as a therapeutic agent for NSCLC by reducing cancer invasion and migration through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and suppression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Anchoring device to prevent membrane detachment and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes after fetal intervention
Authors: Bergh E. P. , Mann L. K. , Won J. H. , Nobles A. , Johnson A. , Papanna R.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To assess the feasibility of using a novel device designed for minimally invasive suturing to anchor fetal membranes to the uterine wall and to close surgical defects after fetoscopy.

Methods

We tested the WestStitch™ suturing device both ex vivo and in vivo. In the ex‐vivo studies, 12‐Fr trocar defects were created with a fetoscope in five specimens of human uterine tissue with fetal membranes attached. Specimens were examined for integrity of the anchoring stitch. For the in‐vivo studies, trocar defects were created in the two uterine horns of three pregnant ewes, each carrying twins at approximately 79–90 days' gestation. One trocar defect in each ewe was repaired using the suture device, and the other was left unrepaired as a control. The repair sites were examined for membrane‐anchoring integrity when the defect was created and at delivery.

Results

Fetal membranes were anchored successfully to the uterine myometrium using the suture‐delivery device in all five experiments performed ex vivo. The in‐vivo experiments also revealed successful membrane anchoring compared with controls, both at the time of device deployment and 1–9 weeks after the procedure.

Conclusions

We successfully anchored amniotic membranes to the underlying myometrium using a suturing device, both ex vivo and in vivo. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the device and to determine whether it can successfully anchor fetal membranes percutaneously in human patients. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The role of stereochemistry in combustion processes
Authors: Elliott Sarah N. , Moore Kevin B. , Mulvihill Clayton R. , Copan Andreas V. , Pratali Maffei Luna , Klippenstein Stephen J.
Published: March 2024

Stereochemical effects significantly influence chemical processes, yet it is not well understood if they are a leading source of uncertainty in combustion modeling. Stereochemistry influences a combustion model (i) at the earliest stage of its construction when mapping the reaction network, (ii) in the computation of individual thermochemical and rate parameters, and (iii) in the prediction of combustion observables. The present work reviews the importance of enumerating stereochemical species and reactions at each of these steps. Further, it analyzes the separate influence of several types of stereochemistry, including geometric, optical, and fleeting transition state diastereomers. Three reaction networks serve to examine which stages of low‐temperature oxidation are most affected by stereochemistry, including the first and second oxidation of n‐butane, the third oxidation of n‐pentane, and the early stages of pyrolysis of 1‐ and 2‐pentene. The 149 reactions in the n‐butane mechanism are expanded to 183 reactions when accounting for diastereomerism. Each of these 183 reactions is parameterized with ab initio kinetics computations to determine that, for the n‐butane mechanism, the median factor of diastereomeric deviation is 3.5 at 360 K for rate constants and as high as 1.6 for mechanism reactivity, in terms of ignition delay times, as opposed to a mechanism without stereochemical expansion.

This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Thermochemistry

Software > Simulation Methods
A Change of Heart: Animality, Power, and Black Posthuman Enhancement in Malorie Blackman’s Pig-Heart Boy
Authors: Trott Emma
Published: March 2024

As cardiac xenotransplantation moves from labs into hospitals, this chapter asks what Malorie Blackman’s young adult novel Pig-Heart Boy reveals about power, race, and identity in relation to the experimental therapy. Common heart metaphors are analyzed to ask how the xenograft shapes the teenage protagonist’s developing selfhood, challenges species boundaries, and conceptualizes a move to the posthuman. While a greater appreciation of biological correspondences between creatures has the potential to challenge anthropocentrism, this can be disrupted by power imbalance, producing not empathy but the development of bioresources. Pig-Heart Boy’s protagonist is a Black British boy who understands that power is inherent to ethical debates about xenotransplantation, and he draws parallels between racism and speciesism. While the novel’s opportunities to fully critique shared power structures are not taken, this chapter suggests that this Black child’s agency in choosing to be the first to receive cutting-edge treatment reimagines histories of abusive experiments on Black bodies and positively speculates on a society without structural health inequities. Acknowledging the complexities in Black posthumanism, this chapter argues that Pig-Heart Boy shows the potential for Black enhancement within posthumanist futures.