bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Turkish category of Ad tamlaması. Differences and similarities within its subgroups and learning implications in L2-Turkish
Authors: MAVRIDOU Vasiliki
Published: July 2023

Ad Tamlaması (AT) is a term which is widely used in Turkish grammars (Hengirmen, 2007; Hatiboğlu, 1982, among others) to refer to three N(oun)+N(oun) forms, namely a) N-(n)In N-(s)I, b) N N-(s)I and c) N N, which have been traditionally treated in combination (Dede 1978). This paper is trying to examine the differences lying behind the apparently formal similarity of the 3 forms giving answers to the relative degree of difficulty these forms create in the L2-Turkish-acquisition process. To this aim, we try to disambiguate the so far blurred dividing lines of the 3 forms by testing them upon certain morpho-syntactic tests (Bağrıaçık & Ralli, 2014; Mavridou, 2020). The results will show the degree of syntactic compositionality and semantic transparency each of these forms holds giving rise to further assumptions on their syntactic or lexical nature. More specifically, we come to assume that: a) the N-(n)In N-(s)I form is syntactically and semantically analytic in all cases (eg. kadın-ın kuaför-ü ‘the woman’s hairdresser’), b) the N N-(s)I form is syntactically non-compositional (= synthetic) but semantically either transparent (eg. kadın kuaför-ü ‘hairdresser for women’) or opaque (Külkedi-si ‘Cindirella’), and c) the N N form is either syntactically analytic and semantically transparent (eg. kadın kuaför ‘female hairdresser’), or syntactically synthetic but semantically transparent (eg. anne baba ‘parents’) or syntactically synthetic but semantically opaque (eg. Pamuk Prenses ‘Snowhite’). At a second level, we make assumptions on the learning sequence of these forms in L2-Turkish. Based on ‘the more transparent the easier to learn’ theory (Libben et. al. 2003), we assume that the syntactic N-(n)In N-(s)I form is a step ahead in the L2-Turkish acquisition process compared to more synthetic compound forms such as the N N-(s)I, while the N N form, which falls within the ‘grey’ region, is assumed to create the most burdens on L2-learners.
Evaluación del efecto de obras de conservación en suelos forestales de Tlaxcala, México
Authors: García Gallegos Elizabeth , Vázquez Cuecuecha Oscar G. , Guerra-De la Cruz Vidal , Cocoletzi Pérez Francisco Javier
Published: July 2023

Las obras de conservación de suelos son muy utilizadas en México para disminuir la erosión y propiciar la recuperación de suelos erosionados. Estas obras son particularmente notables en Tlaxcala, estado que presenta grandes superficies con diferentes niveles de erosión edáfica. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 2020 en las localidades Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Zacapexco y San Bartolomé Matlalohcan, Tlaxcala; sitios con obras de conservación de suelo (zanja bordo y zanja trinchera). El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del establecimiento de las obras de conservación a través de propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. En el sitio Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, los valores de las propiedades del suelo no fueron significativamente diferentes respecto al testigo a ocho años de su implementación. En Zacapexco, a cinco años de la construcción de las zanjas bordo, se verificó un impacto positivo en varias propiedades químicas y biológicas del suelo. En San Bartolomé Matlalohcan, después de más de 40 años de la realización de las zanjas bordo, no se observaron cambios significativos en las propiedades biológicas del suelo. El análisis de componentes principales permitió identificar que la materia orgánica (MO), la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), calcio, pH, N total y la proporción de arcilla y arena son propiedades que influyen de manera importante en la calidad del suelo en los sitios de estudio, por lo que el monitoreo de estas variables es de gran utilidad en la evaluación del impacto de obras de conservación.
Cadenas rurales de suministro para la producción de muebles de madera en Misantla, Veracruz
Authors: García Santamaría Luis Enrique , Fernández Lambert Gregorio , Mayett Moreno Yesica , Alarcón Ruiz Teodoro , Parra Hernández Nora Amalia
Published: July 2023

La manufactura del mueble de madera en Misantla utiliza procesos artesanales largos, técnicamente no estructurados, con alta generación de desperdicio de madera y gran rotación entre sus artesanos. Esta investigación describe la forma de organización y operación de las carpinterías y talleres de ese sector. Se estudiaron las interrelaciones de los actores económicos proveedor-organización-cliente, incluidos los procesos internos y externos, así como los factores productivos que caracterizan su cadena de suministro. El estudio, realizado en 2021, tuvo un enfoque mixto, alcance exploratorio y diseño transversal. Se contactaron a dueños o encargados de 86 carpinterías y 101 talleres de muebles de madera a los que se les realizó una encuesta semiestructurada. Los hallazgos describen una industria familiar con tecnología adaptada y construida por el mismo carpintero, nulo acceso a tecnologías asistidas por computadora, y esquemas de comercialización para una economía local y regional que propicia entregas tardías e incumplimiento al cliente. Este contexto de industria familiar exige estructuras de organización administrativa formal, programas de capacitación, y esquemas de integración industrial que permitan acceder a tecnología y financiamiento. Resulta importante la organización como un solo sector de artesanos, un plan de reforestación y manejo sustentable de extracción, mejoramiento del suministro de materias primas y materiales, así como definir estrategias de comercialización, y plantear procesos automatizados para ensamble e integración vertical para conformar clústeres de cadena de valor. Futuras investigaciones podrían utilizar un muestreo aleatorio, ampliar el tamaño de muestra, reducir la longitud de la encuesta e incluir a mueblerías de otras regiones.
ORTUMAN: Inovasi Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android dengan Pendekatan Visual Auditory Kinesthetic (VAK)
Authors: Kuswanto Heri , Wirasasmita Rasyid Hardi , Hadi Arman
Published: July 2023

This study aims to produce android-based learning media in the science subject material Organs of Movement of Animals and Humans, Theme 1, by applying the Visual Auditory Kinesthetic Model (VAK) learning style. This type of research uses the Development (R&D) model, and the development procedure used is Agile development, which consists of five stages: requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and Review. The subjects in this study were 19 students of class V, MI NW No. 3, Pancor, to find out the user's response. This research is limited to the product development and feasibility testing of Android-based learning media products. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and questionnaires, as well as data analysis using descriptive and qualitative methods. The results of the authors show that the developed Android-based learning media obtained the results of the material expert feasibility test with very feasible results, and the results of the media expert feasibility test were very feasible, and the results of user response trials from the aspects of content suitability, learning quality, and media quality showed that Android-based learning media in the science subject material Organs of Movement of Animals and Humans Theme 1 by applying the Visual Auditory Kinesthetic Model (VAK) learning style is feasible to use and has a high response as an innovation in the learning process
Komparasi Algoritma Naïve Bayes Dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) Untuk Klasifikasi Kelayakan Pemberian Pinjaman
Authors: Bagja Amir , Kusrini Kusrini , Arief Muhammad Rudyanto
Published: July 2023

Cooperatives are social organizations or economic bodies that have a very important role in the growth, development of economic potential and community success. One of the cooperative activities is the provision of credit or loans to community members. Cooperative credit is one of the most important banking activities and serves to provide credit to the community. In practice, errors often arise due to inaccurate credit analysis, or the behavior of the customers themselves. The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy results between the Naive Bayes algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM), where the best accuracy results can later be used as a reference to determine the profitability of lending. The attributes used in this study consist of 11 attributes, namely: Gender, marital status, occupation, relatives, nominal income, income criteria, loan amount, loan term, interest rate, installments and class as income characteristics. The dataset used in this study includes 166 members of the Daru Nahdla Capita Shari'ah cooperative. The results of testing the naive bayes algorithm after dividing the data five times, dividing the data set 70% as test data and 30% as training data, obtained a precision value of 97.00%, recall 100.00%, F1 score 99.00%. and accuracy 98.00%. Thus, the Naive Bayesian algorithm is an algorithm that shows accurate classification and prediction
Validation and Reliability of the Dyslexia Adult Checklist in Screening for Dyslexia
Authors: Stark Zoey , Elalouf Karine , Soldano Vanessa , Franzen Léon , Johnson Aaron Paul
Published: July 2023

Dyslexia is a language-based neurobiological and developmental learning disability marked by inaccurate and disfluent word recognition, poor decoding, and difficulty spelling. Individuals can be diagnosed with and experience symptoms of dyslexia throughout their lifespan. Screening tools such as the Dyslexia Adult Checklist allow individuals to self-evaluate common risk factors of dyslexia prior to or in lieu of obtaining costly and timely psychoeducational assessments. Although widely available online, the Dyslexia Adult Checklist has yet to be validated. The purpose of this study was to validate this Checklist in a sample of adults with and without dyslexia using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches. We hypothesized that the Dyslexia Adult Checklist will accurately distinguish between individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of dyslexia and a control group, as measured by total scores on the screening tool. Results from our sample found the Dyslexia Adult Checklist to be valid (Cronbach’s = 0.86), and reliable (sensitivity = 76-91.5%, specificity = 80-88%). Compared to the originally proposed cut off-score of 45, given the higher sensitivity rate and negative predictive value, we recommend researchers and clinicians use a cut-off-score of 40 to indicate possible mild to severe symptoms of dyslexia when using the Dyslexia Adult Checklist.
Emotion-injecting prompt for large language model chatbot
Authors: Muranaka Seiji , Fukatsu Takayuki , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Kunugi Masashi , Nakajima Shun , So Ryuhei
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces a new use of large Language Models (LMs) that provide an emotional feedback experience while chatting. The proposed prompt creates a chatbot that infers emotional experiences, evaluates emotional parameters, and then replies to users considering these parameters. This prompted chatbot can help construct an environment in which we train emotional conversation such as customer service, especially in the situation dealing with difficult customer.
Building Geological Model for Tertiary Reservoir of Exploration Ismail Oil Field, North Iraq
Authors: Hamdulla Sameera M. , Hassan Aboosh H. , Tawfiq Yahya Jarjees
Published: July 2023

Geologic modeling is the art of constructing a structural and stratigraphic model of a reservoir from analyses and interpretations of seismic data, log data, core data, etc. ‎[1].

   A static reservoir model typically involves four main stages, these stages are Structural modeling, Stratigraphic modeling, Lithological modeling and Petrophysical modeling ‎[2].

   Ismail field is exploration structure, located in the north Iraq, about 55 km north-west of Kirkuk city, to the north-west of the Bai Hassan field, the distance between the Bai Hassan field and Ismael field is about one kilometer ‎[3].

   Tertiary period reservoir sequences (Main Limestone), which comprise many economically important units particularly reservoir pay zone, in Ismail field are belong to middle Miocene age and Oligocene age, which includes six formations, Jeribe, Bajwan, Baba, Baba/palani and Palani formation.

   The information of Ismail field such as final well report, drill stem test, completion test and well logs data also previous studies and results of core data, indicated that hydrocarbons are accumulated in the Baba formation.

   The main purpose of this study is to make use of all the available sets of data acquired from Ismail field to build a static geological model for Baba formation in Ismail field to get full description for this reservoir.
PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU MUARA ENIM
Authors: Syachroni Sasua hustati , Rosianty Yuli , Lensari Delfy , Heripan  , Gustiara nanda Elru , Gustiara nanda Elru , Fahmi Innike Abdillah
Published: July 2023

Green open space is one component of which the level of availability, both in quality and quantity, must always be taken into account in the urban planning process. This study aims to describe the perceptions of visitors  green open space in Muara Enim City, Muara Enim District, Muara Enim Regency and to analyze the potential of green open space for the Adipura Muara Enim City Park in Muara Enim City, Muara Enim District, Muara Enim Regency. This research was conducted in Muara Enim Adipura City Park. The research method is a survey method with a sampling approach using purposive sampling method then the data were analyzed using a Likert scale. The results of the research. Visitor perceptions of the existence of Adipura City Park Muara Enim green open space are included in very good criteria, this can be seen from the level of measurement of the score of visitors' perceptions of the existence of green open space for Adipura City Park Muara Enim as seen from the ecological, aesthetic, social and economic fungi. The average is 32.04 while the development is carried out by the related agency, namely the Housing and Settlement Service in the short, medium and long term.
Tasks on the recurrence relation "All sums"
Authors: Dolinsky M. S.
Published: July 2023

In the article, using the example of solving few problems, the methodology for studying the theme "Problems on the recurrence relation "All sums" is illustrated in preparing schoolchildren for Olympiads in informatics. The study is based on the sequential solution of increasingly complex tasks. For each problem, the following materials are given: the formulation of the problem, the idea of a solution with a proposal to come up with an implementation on their own, the solution in the Pascal programming language. Distance learning system (http://dl.gsu.by) is the effective technical base for teaching. The system allows to offer for a student a formulation of the problem; to submit the solution for review; to get a verdict from the system — a correct or incorrect solution; for incorrect solution, the number of the test on which the solution did not pass is indicated. A student can take a test (input and output data), on which his solution did not pass, figure out what the error is in his program, correct and send the solution again. In addition, for each task there is a link on it to the topic in the forum at site, where you can ask a question on solving this problem and / or read the answer if the questions have already been asked before.
Islamic Philanthropy: House of Zakat as a Funding and Capital Institution
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu
Published: July 2023

Every Islamic law that is revealed to the earth always has a maqasid sharia. Ibn Ashur defines maqasid sharia itself as the wisdom or value contained in the application of sharia. The purpose of stipulating zakat is an effort to reduce social inequality as well as to alleviate poverty. The problem is, so far zakat has not been very effective in poverty alleviation efforts. Mustahik still depends on the zakat issued by the rich every year. This paper aims to review zakat as an effort to alleviate poverty not only in the form of consumptive zakat but can act as an institution that encourages mustahik's productivity. This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a literature-based research model using literature related to productive zakat. The author found one zakat institution that was quite successful in processing zakat funds given to mustahik in the form of capital. This zakat institution is located in East Java. The capital given to the mustahik can be managed properly and make the mustahik change its status to muzakki. Mustahik is not only given capital in the form of money but also skills and supervision in managing the capital provided. Such Amil Zakat agency should be further developed in Indonesia as an effort to eradicate poverty more massively.
Analisis Pengaruh Kapitalisasi Pasar dan Harga Saham Terhadap Return Saham Pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index Periode 2018-2021
Authors: Mastiah  , Rujikartawi Erdi
Published: July 2023

Competition in the world of business and the economy is a powerful trigger for company management to continuously improve its performance. The capital market as a medium for meeting issuers and surplus funds is an attractive option for funding and investment activities. Stocks as an investment instrument will issue returns as profits that investors can enjoy. Stocks with large capitalization are the target of investors for long-term investment, due to the company's amazing growth potential, in addition to dividend distribution and relatively low-risk exposure. In addition, a company with a high stock price is also one illustration of the value of the company which can attract investors to invest their capital. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of market capitalization and stock prices on stock returns. This type of research uses quantitative research with associative methods. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results obtained with the partial test are market capitalization has a significant positive effect on stock returns, and stock prices have a significant positive effect on stock returns. While the simultaneous test shows that market capitalization and stock prices have a significant positive effect on stock returns.
Types of non-dominant languages in Europe
Authors: Knoll Vladislav
Published: July 2023

The main aim of the paper is to discuss different concepts of the classification of non-dominant diatopic lects. The study treats and compares different definitions proposed both by scholars and local legislative bodies. The author confronts the definitions of Normaldialect and Ausbaudialekt developed by H. Kloss with Duličenko’s concept of literary microlanguages, the notions of contested and collateral languages with different understandings of minority and regional languages, including variants thereof. The text is enriched with numerous examples both from the present and the past of non-dominant diatopic lects of Europe.
A Knowledge-based Framework for Developing Smart Interfaces for Smart Service Systems
Authors: Vu Thi Minh Hang
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, smart service systems are value-cocreating configurationsof people, technologies, organisations, and information that are capable of independent learning, adaptation, and decision-making. They are propelled by unprecedented advancements in connectivity, sensors, data storage, computation,and artificial intelligence. One of the key challenges faced by those systems ishow to provide smart interfaces, which can assist business users with limitedknowledge in business analytics in gaining business insights from business data.For this reason, this paper proposes a knowledge-based framework for developing smart interfaces for smart service systems, which will assist business users inexploring business data to gain business insights and subsequently make betterbusiness decisions to promote value co-creation. A prototype with simulationdata has been developed and presented as a running example to illustrate how theproposed framework can be applied to create an effective smart interface for atypical smart service system: a customer intelligence system.
The Greek Catholic Theological Academy in Lviv in the conditions of the persecution of the Church by the Soviet government
Authors: Harandzha Vasyl
Published: July 2023

The activities of the Greek Catholic Theological Academy in Lviv are examined. It is stated that this higher educational institution was founded by Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytskyi in 1928. Despite the difficult relationship between the Ukrainians of Galicia and the Polish government, the Theological Academy was able to exist and quite quickly developed.
The situation changed in 1939, after the partition of Poland between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. Thus, Galicia came under Soviet rule. In 1941, after the beginning of the German-Soviet war, all Ukrainian lands were quickly occupied by the Germans. However, already in 1944, the Bolsheviks came to Galicia again, finally joining it to the Ukrainian SSR. As a matter of fact, this research is focused on studying the state of Greek Catholic theological education during the first Soviet occupation of Galicia in 1939–1941 and after the return of communist power in 1944.
It is shown that, despite the openly anti-religious policy of the new government, the leaders of the Church tried to ensure the continuity of the development of theological science and the training of new clergy. In the conditions of the ban on the official activities of any theological educational institutions during 1939–1941, Metropolitan Sheptytskyi managed to organize illegal theological courses for his students and sought to restore the activities of a full-fledged educational institution.
Instead, it is researched that after the return in 1944, the Bolsheviks became more cautious in their attitude towards Greek Catholics and did not close the Theological Academy, which resumed normal activities during the Nazi occupation. The management of the academy used this time to expand its activities, in particular to open new faculties. However, this policy of the Bolsheviks in relation to the Greek Catholics turned out to be temporary. A few months later, the persecution of this Church began. Among other measures, the work of the Theological Academy in Lviv was finally stopped.
Keywords: Theological Academy, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Andrei Sheptytskyi, Josyf Slipyi, Second World War, Soviet occupation
Religion as a structural component of the functioning of Modern society
Authors: Khudaverdiyeva Victoria
Published: July 2023

The subject of the study is the role of religion in determining the meaning of the believers’ life in modern Ukraine. For centuries, religious meanings were dominant in human consciousness and only at the everyday level, and at the philosophical level (definition of the general meanings of existence and society). However, the modernization processes of the 19th and 20th centuries made their corrections, leading to a significant shift from religious to secular meanings.
The issue of the current role of religion as a source of transcendent meanings, as a source and keeper of “higher” values and meanings for the population of Ukraine is examined. It is stated that religion has always been a source of meaning in life for its followers. The implementation of such a meaning-making and sense-transmitting function by religion is an important condition for the social significance and influence of religion. In modern societies, the scope of the social role of religion is not obvious and is a subject of debate. For a more precise understanding of the problem of the functionality of religion for modern societies, the inclusion of religion in social processes and the consciousness of the broad masses of the population is analyzed. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the ability of Orthodoxy to become a real alternative to the secular value complexes dominant in modern societies is significantly limited, since the values transmitted by Orthodoxy do not find a mass response. It is demonstrated that for the majority of believing Ukrainians, religion has largely ceased to be the basis of the semantic structure. This, in turn, along with low church affiliation, weak familiarity with Orthodox dogmatics, readiness to independently form the meanings of one’s religion and to include in these meanings elements from other religions and secular ideologies, extremely limits the orientation to the meanings and values, transmitted by the church. In further research, in connection with such a situation, it is necessary to analyze the status of religion in the meaning fields of modern man more carefully and on concrete empirical material, so as not to put too much hope on religion in terms of its ability to influence the masses and block the path of materialistic spirituality.
Keywords: social functions of religion, the significance of religion in society, Orthodoxy, the meaning of life, the spiritual crisis of society, the perception of meanings, values, the role of religion
Elisabeta Movilă and Miron Barnovschi as patrons of Zadariv monastery (according to documents of the 17th and 18th centuries)
Authors: Smereka Bohdan
Published: July 2023

Three documents from the first third of the 17th century on the history of the Orthodox monastery near the village of Zadariv in the Halych Land of the Ruthenian Voivodeship (Lviv Diocese) are introduced into scientific circulation. We are talking about two grants of Elisabeta Movilă (widow of the Moldavian voivode Ieremia; in 1613 and 1614) and one grant by Miron Barnovschi (also voivode of Moldavia; in 1630) in favor of the monastery. The act of confirmation of the privileges listed above, carried out in 1666 by Zygmunt Karol Przerębski, and the visitation of the Zadariv monastery (1760) are also considered. Based on the analysis of sources and literature, it is found out under what circumstances the rulers of the neighboring Moldavian principality were able to grant privileges to the Orthodox monastery in Commonwealth. Ieremia and Elisabeta Movilă settled in the Polish Kingdom in 1591 after fleeing from Moldova due to fear of persecutions from the Turkish sultan. In 1598, Ieremia purchased the Ustia estate, where he arrived in 1591, and the Liatske estate, where the Zadariv monastery was located (or where it could be founded by Ieremia or Elisabeta himself). Actually, these two are the most likely founders of the monastery. In addition to them, the list of probable founders includes the previous owners of both estates in the 16th century: Jan (senior), Jan (junior) and Andrzej Sienieński, Zofia Mielecka, Ivan Simeon Slutsky, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz.
Both grants of Elisabeta Movilă had the features characteristic of Moldavian grants to the local monasteries. First of all it is a curse to those, who would dare to violate the rights and privileges of the monastery in the future.
In 1628, the estate, in which the Zadariv monastery was located, was purchased by Miron Barnovschi from two sons-in-law of Elisabeta Movilă. This Moldavian voivode was a grand nephew of Ieremia. He too was a Polish nobleman. In 1630, Miron Barnovschi gave two subjects to the Zadariv monastery. The text of this deed is almost identical to Elisabeta’s document of 1613. We assume, that the “act of 1613.” was actually written in 1661, shortly before it was entered into the Halych court acts.
Keywords: Zadariv, Lviv Diocese, Orthodox monastery, Elisabeta Movilă, Miron Barnovschi, Principality of Moldavia
Kajian Proporsi Tepung Biji Nangka dan Tepung Kedelai dengan Penambahan Fruktosa Terhadap Mutu Snack Bar dengan Pelapisan Yoghurt
Authors: Ishaqy Madany Akbar Setyari , Sarofa Ulya , Rosida Dedin Finatsiyatull Rosida
Published: July 2023

Snack bar adalah makanan ringan yang mengandung campuran berbagai bahan dan pengikat, yang terdiri dari tepung biji nangka, tepung kedelai, dan fruktosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan snack bar yang dilapisi yoghurt dengan sifat fisikokimia dan sensori terbaik. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu perbandingan antara tepung biji nangka dan tepung kedelai (50:50, 40:60, dan 30:70) dan konsentrasi high fructose corn syrup (10%, 20%, idan 30%). Snack bar tepung biji nangka dan tepung kedelai (50:50) dengan penambahan fruktosa 30% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan nilai kadar air 25,91%, kadar abu 2,49%, kadar protein 16,77%, kadar lemak 12,68%, kadar karbohidrat 39,94%, kadar serat kasar 2,22%, kandungan energi 340,97 kkal/100 gr, kekerasan 975,00 gf, uji organoleptik rasa 4,15 (suka), aroma 4,20 (suka), dan tekstur 4,15 (suka).
Prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment among elderly thoracic surgery patients and association with postoperative delirium: a prospective observational study
Authors: Li Fangfang , Miao Mengrong , Li Ningning , Zhou Jun , Sun Mingyang , Zhang Jiaqiang
Published: July 2023

Background

Preoperative cognitive impairment (PCI) may increase the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD), yet screening for cognitive impairment is rarely performed. This study hypothesized that Mini-Cog for preoperative cognitive impairment screening predicts postoperative delirium.

Methods

The prospective observational study recruited 153 elderly patients presenting for elective thoracic surgery. Cognitive function of these patients was screened using Mini-Cog preoperatively. We considered that patients with Mini-Cog scores ≤ 3 had cognitive impairment. Delirium was assessed using the Short CAM scale on postoperative days 1–5.

Results

Of the 153 participants, 54 (35.3%) were assigned to the PCI group, and 99 (64.7%) were assigned to the Normal group. Place of residence, education level, and history of hypertension were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). 51 (33.3%) patients developed POD. Multifactorial analysis revealed that PCI (OR = 2.37, P = 0.028), older age (OR = 1.13, P = 0.009), ASA grade III (OR = 2.75, P = 0.012), and longer duration of anesthesia (OR = 1.01, P = 0.007) were associated with POD.

Conclusion

Preoperative cognitive impairment is strongly associated with POD. Mini-Cog could be recommended for screening PCI.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05798767.
Carbon stocks and potential sequestration of Uruguayan soils: a road map to a comprehensive characterization of temporal and spatial changes to assess carbon footprint
Authors: Baldassini Pablo , Baethgen Walter , Camba Sans Gonzalo , Quincke Andres , Pravia Virginia M. , Terra José , Macedo Ignacio , Piñeiro Gervasio , Paruelo José
Published: July 2023

Carbon net emission is a critical aspect of the environmental footprint in agricultural systems. However, the alternatives to describe soil organic carbon (SOC) changes associated with different agricultural management practices/land uses are limited. Here we provide an overview of carbon (C) stocks of non-forested areas of Uruguay to estimate SOC changes for different soil units affected by accumulated effects of crop and livestock production systems in the last decades. For this, we defined levels based on SOC losses relative to the original (reference) SOC stocks: 25% or less, between 25% and 50%, and 50% or more. We characterized the reference SOC stocks using three approaches: (1) an equation to derive the potential SOC capacity based on the clay and fine silt soil content, (2) the DayCent model to estimate the SOC stocks based on climate, soil texture and C inputs from the natural grasslands of the area, (3) an estimate of SOC using a proxy derived from remote sensing data (i.e., the Ecosystem Services Supply Index) that accounts for differences in C inputs. Depending on the used reference SOC, the soil units had different distributions of SOC losses within the zones defined by the thresholds. As expected, the magnitude of SOC changes observed for the different soil units was related to the relative frequency of annual crops, however, the high variability observed along the gradient of land uses suggests a wide space for increasing SOC with agricultural management practices. The assessment of the C stock preserved (CSP) belowground and the potential for increasing C accumulation or sequestration (CAP) are critical components of the C footprint of a given system. Thus, we propose a methodological road map to derive indicators of CSP and CAP at the farm level combining both, biogeochemical simulation models and conceptual models based on remote sensing data. We recognize at least three critical issues that require scientific and political consensus to implement the use of this propose: (1) how to define reference C stocks, (2) how to estimate current C stocks over large areas and in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes, and (3) what is a reasonable/acceptable threshold of C stocks reduction.
Prospective Clinical Trials to Advance the Study of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity
Authors: Cluxton Christopher , Naidoo Jarushka
Published: July 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a class of drug that produces durable and sustained anti-tumour responses in a wide variety of malignancies. The exponential rise in their use has been mirrored by a rise in immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). Knowledge of such toxicities, as well as effective management algorithms for these toxicities, is essential to optimize clinical efficacy and safety. Currently, the guidelines for management of the IrAEs are based largely on retrospective studies and case series. In this article, we review the current landscape of clinical trials investigating the management of IrAEs with an aim to develop standardised, randomised controlled trial-based management algorithms for ICI-related toxicities.
Measuring Quality of Life: A Case Study of Agritourism in the Northeast
Authors: Chase Lisa , Kuhen Diane , Amsden Den
Published: July 2023

Evaluation of Extension programs is critical for accountability and improved program effectiveness. However, measuring outcomes remains a challenge for many types of programs, especially those that aim to improve the quality of life of participants. The study reported here examined changes in quality of life indicators as part of a measure of farm viability. Farmers participated in agritourism trainings in the Northeast, and impacts of the trainings were evaluated through an Internet survey 1 year later. The index developed to measure quality of life for the agritourism program may be adapted for evaluation of a wide variety of Extension programs.
Information Needs and Challenges Faced by Adult Child Financial Caregivers of Aging Parents
Authors: Swanson Patti
Published: July 2023

The exploratory study reported here examined needs and challenges faced by "financial caregivers" for aging parents. Focus group interviews revealed how caregivers (N=22) assisted their parent(s) and financial information needed. Findings indicated most caregivers needed information about later life financial products and processes, and some needed basic financial literacy skills. Caregiver challenges included concerns about adequacy of parents' resources, difficulty communicating about finances, finding/organizing parents' records, accessing parents' accounts, and selecting/financing long-term care. The author concludes caregivers need and could benefit from financial education. She recommends segmenting the caregiver population and targeting subgroups with appropriate methods and messages.
Pengaruh Tax Planning dan Faktor Lainnya terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Effivani  , Effendi Muhammad Arief
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of tax planning, institutional ownership, profitability, liquidity, dividend policy, debt policy, managerial ownership, and firm size on firm value. The object used in this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) consistently from 2019 to 2021.The sampling method used in this study is purposive sampling, there are 43 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) which are the samples of this study. The results of the study show that profitability and debt policy have a positive effect on firm value. Meanwhile, tax planning, institutional ownership, liquidity, dividend policy, managerial ownership, and firm size have no effect on firm value.
Catholic Church and Biomedical Ethics Education
Authors: MENG Kwang-ho
Published: July 2023

The Christian tradition, rooted in both the Old and the New Testament and exemplified in the story of the Good Samaritan, has always encouraged the care for the sick.
This tradition is closely connected with the historical development of medical ethics in the Roman Catholic Church.
In the nineteenth century, the discipline called pastoral medicine fully bloomed and the newer developments in biological and medical science encouraged the growth of medical ethics.
Catholic Church has been trying to help the Catholic health care professionals increase their understanding of Catholic ethical principles so that it parallels their professional knowledge and acumen.
This article reviews three major efforts of the church to help the health professionals for their ethical reasoning.
First, since the famous statements of the Second Vatican Council in early 1960s, many church’s teaching on biomedical ethics have been published as church documents and recommended to be followed by the Catholic health professionals.
Second, various Catholic health organizations and professional associations also have published ethical codes and directives for their members and member organizations.
Third, medical and nursing ethics have been included in the curriculum of most Catholic medical and nursing colleges.
A Study on Bioethics Awareness of Nurses
Authors: YOO Myung-Sook , PARK Hyun-Sook
Published: July 2023

Although the studies related to nursing ethics which have been reported in Korea mostly concerns the area between nurses and the subjects, the area where nurses experience most seriously in ethical dilemma has become the area of human life. The study was conducted from October 4 to 15, 2005 with 312 nurses currently working at a hospital in D city. The objective of this study is to examine how clinical nurses as medical practitioners understand specifically about the ethics related to the beginning of life, the ethics related to the end of life. The degree of bioethics awareness of nurses showed relatively high and statistically significant in: (1) age, educational status and religion on demographic characteristics; (2) the degree of establishing one's own ethical value system and the ethical decision-making criteria in ethical characteristics; and (3) satisfaction on nursing profession, application of ethical principles in nursing practice and interest in participating in ethics education in nursing characteristics. Therefore, it will further urge the interests of nurses on bioethics as well as serve as basic data for establishing the future nursing ethics education program.
Developing a Research Ethics Course for Students in the Biosciences
Authors: KANG Eun-Hui , YI Sang-Wook , CHO Eun-Hee
Published: July 2023

A research ethics course for students majoring in biology was developed and offered as an optional course for graduate students in the Department of Biology at Chonnam National University in the fall semester of 2005. The course was intended to serve as a pilot program for a larger research project to develop a research ethics course for students in the biomedical sciences. Among eleven students enrolled in the course, six were in the Master’s program and five were pursuing their doctoral degrees. Topics covered in the course included the following: being a biologist, career development, what to do in a graduate school, the lab community, mentor-mentee relationship, record keeping, data mining, scientific writing, authorship, scientific misconduct, conflicts of interests, research involving animals, human subjects, and the ethics of stem-cell research. For each topic, a general introduction was followed by problem-based discussions among students. All reading materials and cases to be discussed were posted on a web site prior to class. Students were required to read the material and express their opinions at an on-line forum before coming to each class. In the classroom, a pre-designated student would introduce and analyze the cases in order to facilitate discussion. Students actively participated in both the on-line and off-line discussions, especially when the topics were related to their first-hand experiences. The evaluation of the answers to the pre- and the post-course questionnaires showed that the students’ perception of research ethics had changed in such a way that they paid greater attention to the issues of integrity in scientific research. While students were aware of the dominant ethical issues concerning research in biomedical science, before completing the course they were relatively unaware that ethical issues are raised by such things as mentor-mentee relationships and authorship criteria. The problem-based discussion process and the supplementary web-material were regarded positively by the students. In conclusion, as long as enough teaching materials and discussion cases are made available to teachers, a case-based discussion course with on-line supplements can help graduate students increase their ethical sensitivity toward issues of scientific integrity.
Current Status and Problems of Institutional Review Boards in Korea
Authors: LEE June-Seok , KIM Ock-Joo , KIM Soo-Youn , PARK Byung-Joo
Published: July 2023

The recent scandal involving Korean stem cell researcher Hwang Woo-Seok shows that biomedical research in Korea is not yet governed by an established code of research ethics. In January 2001, the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) renewed the Korean Good Clinical Practice (KGCP) guidelines. In the newer version of the KGCP, the purposes, structures, functions and operating procedures of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are defined. Also, according to the Bioethics and Biosafety Act (Bio-Act) enacted in January 2005, all research institutions are required to create their own IRBs to review the ethical aspects of all research conducted within their institutions. The reviews carried out by these IRBs are required to cover all research procedures, from the submission of proposals to the obtaining of informed consent, in order to ensure that research is conducted in accordance with accepted ethical guidelines. Ever since the enactment of the Bio-Act in 2005, there has been a great deal of confusion between the existing IRBs required by the KGCP for clinical trial reviews and the newly established IRBs required by the Bio-Act. This confusion is due to the fact that there is no clear distinction between the different roles of these two types of IRB, no guidelines on their mutual relationships, and a lack of standard operating procedures. The present study was designed to contribute to the standardization of IRBs in Korea. In order to learn more about the current functioning of Korean IRBs questionnaires were sent out to 281 research institutions, 121 of which responded (response rate of 43.1%). The results indicate that the IRBs required by the KGCP have many common features and functions with the IRBs required by the Bio-Act. This overlapping of features and functions has led to waste in manpower and financial resources. Therefore, the guidelines provided by the current Bio-Act need to be reformed in order to improve the efficiency of IRBs in Korea.
The Relationship between Genetic Determinism andEthical Issues in Genetic Testing, Research, and Therapy
Authors: CHOI Kyung-Suk , KIM Joong-Ho , LEE Kyung-Sang , KU In-Hoe
Published: July 2023

Advances in the life sciences have increased our knowledge of the human genome, which in turn has given rise to worries as well as expectations over future societies. Genetic determinism is one of the philosophical sources of these worries and expectations. The purpose of this study is to describe two types of genetic determinism, strong and moderate, and then analyze the causal power of genes from the point of view of both of these theories. Genetic determinism holds that genotypes determine phenotypes. Strong and moderate genetic determinism differ on the question of whether there exist possible defeating factors. However, neither type of genetic determinism is plausible because of the complicated nature of the causal relationships between genotypes and phenotypes. Only when genes function as sufficient conditions, and not merely as necessary conditions, can they determine phenotypes. In addition, since defeating factors may exist, it is unlikely that each genotype determines its relevant phenotype. If genetic determinism is not plausible, the common view of genes must be corrected. Most research on the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes are about correlations, expressed with probabilities, rather than casual relations. This means that the interpretations of genetic experts are necessary. In addition, whether genetic determinism is plausible or not, individuals should not be stigmatized for having certain genotypes. If genetic research is about correlations, gene therapy research should be carried out with great caution based initially on animal studies. We may learn more about the complicated causal roles of genes from these correlations. From such knowledge, we may intervene in the causal chains in which genes are involved. In doing such research, patient confidentiality must be protected.
Clinical Ethics, Between Hope and Reality
Authors: YOO Sang-Ho
Published: July 2023

Clinical ethics can enhance medical care by addressing the value-related issues that arise in clinical practice. However, in order for clinical ethics to play this role, further research is needed on value-related issues, especially those that relate to the practice of medicine. Ethics education for clinical practice should be designed according to the empirical research results described in this article.
Nursing Heroes Under Social Pressure: An Review of the Refusal to Care
Authors: PARK Jeong Yun
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the burdens and expectations being placed on nurses. The excessive or heroic lengths to which nurses are often expected to go in serving the public is leading to physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion for individual nurses and having harmful effects on the nursing profession as a whole. In order to protect the health of nurses and maintain high levels of nursing care within the nursing profession, comprehensive discussions are needed on ways to strengthen social support systems for nurses and improve their work environment. This article contributes to these discussions by examining the contexts in which nurses’ refusal to provide nursing care can be ethically justified.