bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The conditions of existence of a solution of the degenerate two-point in time problem for PDE
Authors: Nytrebych Zinovii , Malanchuk Oksana
Published: April 2018

The problem with local nonhomogeneous two-point in time conditions for homogeneous PDE of the second order in time and, generally, infinite order in spatial variables is investigated. This problem is degenerated namely its characteristic determinant is identically zero. The condition of existence of a solution of the degenerate problem is established. Also, we proposed the differential-symbol method of constructing the solution of the problem in the classes of entire functions. Some examples of solving the degenerate two-point in time problems are presented.
Quotient of linear relations and applications
Authors: Gherbi Abdellah , Messirdi Bekkai
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we extend the notion of quotient of linear operators to linear relations. We introduce for two given linear relations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the linear relation quotient [Formula: see text] and we give a detailed treatment of some basic algebraic and topological properties of this new notion.
Certain applications of WP-Bailey pairs
Authors: Pathak Maheshwar , Srivastava Pankaj
Published: April 2018

In the present paper, certain new transformation formulae for basic hypergeometric series have been developed with the help of new WP-Bailey pair generated from old WP-Bailey pair.
Structure of repeated-root constacyclic codes of length 8ℓmpn
Authors: Rani Saroj
Published: April 2018

Constacyclic codes form an important class of linear codes which is remarkable generalization of cyclic and negacyclic codes. In this paper, we assume that [Formula: see text] is the finite field of order [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a power of the prime [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are distinct odd primes, and [Formula: see text] are positive integers. We determine generator polynomials of all constacyclic codes of length [Formula: see text] over the finite field [Formula: see text] We also determine their dual codes.
Plasma fatty acid ethanolamides are associated with postprandial triglycerides, ApoCIII, and ApoE in humans consuming a high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverage
Authors: Price Candice (Allister) , Argueta Donovan A. , Medici Valentina , Bremer Andrew A. , Lee Vivien , Nunez Marinelle V. , Chen Guoxia X. , Keim Nancy L. , Havel Peter J. , Stanhope Kimber L. , DiPatrizio Nicholas V.
Published: April 2018

Epidemiological and clinical research studies have provided ample evidence demonstrating that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases risk factors involved in the development of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous study demonstrated that when compared with aspartame (Asp), 2 wk of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverages provided at 25% of daily energy requirement was associated with increased body weight, postprandial (pp) triglycerides (TG), and fasting and pp CVD risk factors in young adults. The fatty acid ethanolamide, anandamide (AEA), and the monoacylglycerol, 2-arachidonoyl- sn-glycerol (2-AG), are two primary endocannabinoids (ECs) that play a role in regulating food intake, increasing adipose storage, and regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, we measured plasma concentrations of ECs and their analogs, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA), and docosahexaenoyl glycerol (DHG), in participants from our previous study who consumed HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages to determine associations with weight gain and CVD risk factors. Two-week exposure to either HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages resulted in significant differences in the changes in fasting levels of OEA and DHEA between groups after the testing period. Subjects who consumed Asp, but not HFCS, displayed a reduction in AEA, OEA, and DHEA after the testing period. In contrast, there were significant positive relationships between AEA, OEA, and DHEA vs. ppTG, ppApoCIII, and ppApoE in those consuming HFCS, but not in those consuming Asp. Our findings reveal previously unknown associations between circulating ECs and EC-related molecules with markers of lipid metabolism and CVD risk after HFCS consumption.
Stochastic Restricted Biased Estimators in Misspecified Regression Model with Incomplete Prior Information
Authors: Kayanan Manickavasagar , Wijekoon Pushpakanthie
Published: April 2018

The analysis of misspecification was extended to the recently introduced stochastic restricted biased estimators when multicollinearity exists among the explanatory variables. The Stochastic Restricted Ridge Estimator (SRRE), Stochastic Restricted Almost Unbiased Ridge Estimator (SRAURE), Stochastic Restricted Liu Estimator (SRLE), Stochastic Restricted Almost Unbiased Liu Estimator (SRAULE), Stochastic Restricted Principal Component Regression Estimator (SRPCRE), Stochastic Restricted r-k (SRrk) class estimator, and Stochastic Restricted r-d (SRrd) class estimator were examined in the misspecified regression model due to missing relevant explanatory variables when incomplete prior information of the regression coefficients is available. Further, the superiority conditions between estimators and their respective predictors were obtained in the mean square error matrix (MSEM) sense. Finally, a numerical example and a Monte Carlo simulation study were used to illustrate the theoretical findings.
Improved DEA Cross Efficiency Evaluation Method Based on Ideal and Anti-Ideal Points
Authors: Hou Qiang , Wang Meiou , Zhou Xue
Published: April 2018

A new model is introduced in the process of evaluating efficiency value of decision making units (DMUs) through data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Two virtual DMUs called ideal point DMU and anti-ideal point DMU are combined to form a comprehensive model based on the DEA method. The ideal point DMU is taking self-assessment system according to efficiency concept. The anti-ideal point DMU is taking other-assessment system according to fairness concept. The two distinctive ideal point models are introduced to the DEA method and combined through using variance ration. From the new model, a reasonable result can be obtained. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the new constructed model and certify the rationality of the constructed model through relevant analysis with the traditional DEA model.
Recovery of Cardiac Remodeling and Dysmetabolism by Pancreatic Islet Injury Improvement in Diabetic Rats after Yacon Leaf Extract Treatment
Authors: dos Santos Klinsmann Carolo , Cury Sarah Santiloni , Ferraz Ana Paula Costa Rodrigues , Corrente José Eduardo , Gonçalves Bianca Mariani , de Araújo Machado Luiz Henrique , Carvalho Robson Francisco , de Melo Stevanato Nakamune Ana Cláudia , Fabro Alexandre Todorovic , Freire Paula Paccielli , Corrêa Camila Renata
Published: April 2018

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a native Andean plant rich in phenolic compounds, and its effects on dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats was evaluated. The rats (10/group) were allocated as follows: C, controls; C + Y, controls treated with Yacon leaf extract (YLE); DM, diabetic controls; and DM + Y, diabetic rats treated with YLE. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg−1/kg body weight, single dose, i.p.), and treated groups received 100 mg/kg body weight YLE daily via gavage for 30 d. The YLE group shows an improvement in dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in the diabetic condition (DM versus DM + Y) promoting a significant reduction of glycemia by 63.39%, an increase in insulin concentration by 49.30%, and a decrease in serum triacylglycerol and fatty acid contents by 0.39‐ and 0.43‐fold, respectively, by ameliorating the pancreatic islet injury, as well as increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and decreasing the fibrosis and cellular disorganization in cardiac tissue. The apparent benefits of YLE seem to be mediated by ameliorating dysmetabolism and oxidative stress in pancreatic and cardiac tissues.
Evaluation of Aldose Reductase, Protein Glycation, and Antioxidant Inhibitory Activities of Bioactive Flavonoids in Matricaria recutita L. and Their Structure-Activity Relationship
Authors: Hwang Seung Hwan , Wang Zhiqiang , Guillen Quispe Yanymee N. , Lim Soon Sung , Yu Jae Myung
Published: April 2018

The inhibitory activities of Matricaria recutita L. 70% methanol extract were evaluated by isolating and testing 10 of its compounds on rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Among these compounds, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, 3,5-O-di-caffeoylquinic acid, apigenin, and luteolin showed potent inhibition, and their IC50 values in RLAR were 4.25, 1.12, 1.16, 0.85, 0.72, 1.72, and 1.42 μM, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds suppressed sorbitol accumulation in rat lens under high-glucose conditions, demonstrating their potential to prevent sorbitol accumulation ex vivo. Notably, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide and luteolin showed antioxidative as well as AGE-inhibitory activities (IC50 values of these compounds in AGEs were 3.39 and 6.01 μM). These results suggest that the M. recutita extract and its constituents may be promising agents for use in the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications.
Diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex from Cattle Lymph Nodes in Eastern Cape Province
Authors: Bhembe Nolwazi Londiwe , Tanih Godfred Ngu , Caine Lesley-Anne , Pekana Abongile , Govender Patrick , Nwodo Uchechukwu Uchechukwu , Okoh Anthony Ifeayin , Mabinya Leonard Vuyani , Green Ezekiel
Published: April 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health challenge in South Africa and the condition in humans has been well researched and documented. However, investigations on the circulatingMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) strains from cattle in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa are insufficient. This study delineated the diversity of MTBC isolates from cows’ lymph nodes. A total of 162 MTBC isolates, collected over a one-year period from cattle lymph nodes from two abattoirs, were submitted to spoligotyping and 12 MIRU-VNTR typing. The spoligotyping results were matched with isolates in the universal spoligotyping database (SITVIT2). Our study identified 27 spoligotype patterns, with 10 shared types assigned to five lineages: the East-Asian (Beijing) was predominant, 17.9%, and East-Asian (Microti) and Latin-American-Mediterranean S were the least detected with 0.6%. Spoligotyping showed a higher clustering rate of 82.1%, with the lowest being the Hunter-Gaston Diversity Index (HGDI) of 0.485; 12 MIRU-VNTR resulted in a clustering rate of 64.8%, showing a higher HGDI of 0.671. The results of this study show a high diversity of MTBC strains in the Eastern Cape Province and clustering rate, which indicates ongoing transmission in the province.
Numerical Analysis of Masticatory Forces on a Lower First Molar considering the Contact between Dental Tissues
Authors: Hernández-Vázquez Rosa Alicia , Romero-Ángeles Beatriz , Urriolagoitia-Sosa Guillermo , Vázquez-Feijoo Juan Alejandro , Vázquez-López Ángel Javier , Urriolagoitia-Calderón Guillermo
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present work is to identify the reactions of the dental organs to the different forces that occur during chewing and the transcendence of the union and contact maintained by the dental tissues. The study used a lower first molar biomodel with a real morphology and morphometry and consisting of the three dental tissues (enamel, dentin, and pulp) each with its mechanical properties. In it, two simulations were carried out, as would the process of chewing a food. One of the simulations considers the contact between the enamel and the dentin, and the other does not take it into account. The results obtained differ significantly between the simulations that consider contact and those that do not, establishing the importance of taking this contact into account. In this way, the theories that establish horizontal and lateral occlusion forces are present during the functional chewing process which are viable to be correct. The case studies carried out present not only the reasons for the failure of enamel but also the failure of the restoration materials used. This reflection will allow the development of more adequate materials, mechanical design of prostheses, implants, and treatment.
Incremental Support Vector Machine Combined with Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy for Rapid Discriminant Analysis of Red Wine
Authors: Liu Jun , Pan Tie-Jun , Zhang Zheng-Yong
Published: April 2018

The aim of this work is to develop a new method to overcome the increased training time when a recognition model is updated based on the condition of new features extracted from new samples. As a common complex system, red wine has a rich chemical composition and is used as an object of this research. The novel method based on incremental learning support vector machine (I-SVM) combined with ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was applied to discriminant analysis of the brands of red wine for the first time. In this method, new features included in the new training samples were introduced into the recognition model through iterative learning in each iteration, and the recognition model was rapidly updated without significantly increasing the training time. Experimental results show that the recognition model established by this method obtains a good balance between training efficiency and recognition accuracy.
A Wide Stopband Balun Bandpass Filter with Its Application to Balanced Quasi‐Yagi Antenna
Authors: Zhang Gang , Qian Zhenyao , Chen Yushou , Zhao Yang
Published: April 2018

A new microstrip balun bandpass filter (BPF) with wide stopband is presented. It is realized by utilizing the out‐of‐phase feature of standing‐wave distribution on a half‐wavelength (λ/2) open‐ended microstrip line and the resonant characteristics of the triple‐mode resonators. For demonstration, a prototype balun BPF operating at central frequency (f0) of 2.34 GHz with fractional bandwidth (FBW) of about 16.7% is designed. The presented balun BPF not only exhibits nice balanced response with 0.47 dB magnitude imbalance and 4.3° phase difference but also achieves 30‐dB harmonic suppression up to 6.40 GHz (2.7f0). Afterward, this presented design is embedded into a balanced quasi‐Yagi antenna to obtain high‐selective radiation and wide stopband rejection. Experimental results of the implemented antenna indicate less than −10 dB reflection coefficient, 4.49–5.38 dBi gain, and 12.71–19.62 dB front‐to‐back ratio within the operating bandwidth.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Pancreatitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Young-Gun , Kim Seirhan , Han Seung Jin , Kim Dae Jung , Lee Kwan-Woo , Kim Hae Jin
Published: April 2018

Background. Information on the risk of acute pancreatitis in patients receiving dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) is limited and controversial. One study suggested that the differences in findings between these meta-analyses were attributed to whether they included large randomized control trials with cardiovascular outcomes or not. The aim of our study was to determine whether the use of DPP-4i increases the risk of acute pancreatitis compared with sulfonylurea (SU) and whether the risk is higher in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods. A population-based cohort study was performed using Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data. We included 33,395 new users of SU and DPP-4i from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2015. SU-treated patients and DPP-4i-treated patients were matched by 1 : 1 propensity score matching. We used Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to calculate the risk of acute pancreatitis. Results. The hazard ratio (HR) of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis was 0.642 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.535–0.771) in DPP-4i-treated patients compared with SU-treated patients. The HR of DPP-4i use was also lower than that of SU use in patients without underlying CVD (HR: 0.591; 95% CI: 0.476–0.735) but not in patients with underlying CVD (HR: 0.727; 95% CI: 0.527–1.003). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that DPP-4i is less likely to cause drug-induced pancreatitis than SU. This finding was not evident in patients with CVD, but DPP-4i was not more likely to induce pancreatitis in these patients than SU was.
Oral Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Qatar: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hammoudeh Mohammed , Al-Momani Ahmed , Sarakbi Husam , Chandra Prem , Hammoudeh Samer
Published: April 2018

Objective. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Qatar, in order to warrant future studies that would investigate each one of these manifestations with detail and further scrutiny. Methods. Study procedures took place between November 2014 and April 2016. All patients visiting the outpatient rheumatology clinics at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, were asked to join. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria of SLE were used. The patients were examined initially by a rheumatologist and were later scheduled for an appointment with a dentist at the same institution. A total of 77 patients were recruited for the study. Results. Prevalence rates for the different oral manifestations ranged from 2.4% for soft palate ulcers, cheilitis, and oral candida to 88.1% for the presence of cavitation. Gingivitis, periodontal disease, cavities, and missing teeth were observed in more than 50% of the sample. The prevalence of periodontal disease and missing teeth was higher among those with an SLE duration > 8 years. On the contrary, the prevalence of gingivitis and cavities was higher among those with an SLE duration ≤ 8 years. Conclusion. This study found high rates of gingivitis, periodontal disease, cavities, and missing teeth among SLE patients in Qatar. It is recommended that healthcare providers of such patients monitor the presence of any oral manifestations in order to arrange for early treatment and prevention efforts. Future prospective longitudinal studies with adequate sample size and power are needed in order to ascertain any causation factors or common etiology pathways.
Iso-Osmolar Iodixanol Induces Less Increase in Circulating Endothelial Microparticles In Vivo and Less Endothelial Apoptosis In Vitro Compared with Low-Osmolar Iohexol
Authors: Zhang Beijian , Zhang Yi , Liu Bo , Fang Lu , Li Yigang , Meng Shu
Published: April 2018

Background and Aims. There is no consensus on whether iodixanol is superior to iohexol. This study aimed to compare the effects of iodixanol and iohexol on circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and also their cytotoxic effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Methods. 100 CAD patients with DM were randomly assigned to receive iso-osmolar contrast medium iodixanol (group I) or low-osmolar iohexol (group II) during coronary angioplasty. An additional 49 CAD patients without DM receiving iohexol were recruited as group III. Circulating CD31+/CD41a− EMPs, CD62E+ EMPs, and CD31+/CD41a+ platelet microparticles (PMPs) were determined by flow cytometry. In vitro, the cytotoxic effects of iodixanol and iohexol on HUVECs were determined. Results. Circulating CD31+/CD41a− EMPs and PMPs were significantly increased after angioplasty in all 3 groups, while CD62E+ EMPs significantly decreased in group I. CD31+/CD41a− EMPs and PMPs were significantly higher in group II than group I or III. In vitro, both contrast media induced EMP release and inhibited the viability and induced apoptosis of HUVECs, as well as increasing Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and decreasing Bcl-2. The above effects were less evident in iodixanol than in iohexol. Conclusions. Compared with iohexol, iodixanol induces less release of EMPs in both CAD patients with DM during angioplasty and in vitro HUVEC culture, which is associated with less pronounced proapoptotic effects of iodixanol on HUVECs. Clinical Study Registration Number. This study is registered with ChiCTR-TRC-14005183.
Metabolomics of Hydrazine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats for Discovering Potential Biomarkers
Authors: An Zhuoling , Li Chao , Lv Yali , Li Pengfei , Wu Cheng , Liu Lihong
Published: April 2018

Metabolic pathway disturbances associated with drug-induced liver injury remain unsatisfactorily characterized. Diagnostic biomarkers for hepatotoxicity have been used to minimize drug-induced liver injury and to increase the clinical safety. A metabolomics strategy using rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) analyses and multivariate statistics was implemented to identify potential biomarkers for hydrazine-induced hepatotoxicity. The global serum and urine metabolomics of 30 hydrazine-treated rats at 24 or 48 h postdosing and 24 healthy rats were characterized by a metabolomics approach. Multivariate statistical data analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to identify the most significantly altered metabolites. The 16 most significant potential biomarkers were identified to be closely related to hydrazine-induced liver injury. The combination of these biomarkers had an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.85, with 100% specificity and sensitivity, respectively. This high-quality classification group included amino acids and their derivatives, glutathione metabolites, vitamins, fatty acids, intermediates of pyrimidine metabolism, and lipids. Additionally, metabolomics pathway analyses confirmed that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis as well as tyrosine metabolism had great interactions with hydrazine-induced liver injury in rats. These discriminating metabolites might be useful in understanding the pathogenesis mechanisms of liver injury and provide good prospects for drug-induced liver injury diagnosis clinically.
Sputtered PdO Decorated TiO2 Sensing Layer for a Hydrogen Gas Sensor
Authors: Lee Jeong Hoon , Kwak Seungmin , Lee Jin-Hyung , Kim Inho , Yoo Yong Kyoung , Lee Tae Hoon , Shim Young-Seok , Kim Jinseok , Lee Kyu Hyoung
Published: April 2018

We report a sputtered PdO decorated TiO2 sensing layer by radiofrequency (RF) sputtering methods and demonstrated gas sensing performance for H2 gas. We prepared sputtered anatase TiO2 sensing films with 200 nm thickness and deposited a Pd layer on top of the TiO2 films with a thickness ranging from 3 nm to 13 nm. Using an in situ TiO2/Pd multilayer annealing process at 550°C for 1 hour, we observed that Pd turns into PdO by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile and confirmed decorated PdO on TiO2 sensing layer from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic-force microscope (AFM). We also observed a positive sensing signal for 3, 4.5, and 6.5 nm PdO decorated TiO2 sensor while we observed negative output signal for a 13.5 nm PdO decorated one. Using a microheater platform, we acquired fast response time as ~11 sec and sensitivity as 6 μV/ppm for 3 nm PdO under 33 mW power.
Towards a Better Approach for Link Breaks Detection and Route Repairs Strategy in AODV Protocol
Authors: Azzuhri Saaidal Razalli , Mhd Noor Muhammad Badri , Jamaludin Jafferi , Ahmedy Ismail , Md Noor Rafidah
Published: April 2018

This paper describes a parameterized approach to the Ad Hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using a network‐simulator 2 (ns2). By utilizing two AODV’s protocol functions, which are HELLO messages and local route repair, we explore the more flexible approach on these two important functions, rather than a fixed setting within the default AODV protocol. HELLO message is used to detect the broken link, while the local route repair in AODV is used to fix and discover alternative routes in the event of route failure. In this paper, two functions to optimize AODV performance have been utilized. The first is link break detection time (Llb), using the HELLO message to detect link failure, and the second is link break position parameter (Lbp) for AODV’s local route repair. The results show that the default AODV setting does not yield the best results for most defined network scenarios. In some cases, improvement compared to the default setting can be as high as 38%, for local route repair strategies. This paper presents a potential flexible and parameterized approach for dealing with link breaks and route repairing strategies for AODV protocol.
Pharmacological Modulation of Three Modalities of CA1 Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Authors: Scott-McKean Jonah J. , Roque Adriano L. , Surewicz Krystyna , Johnson Mark W. , Surewicz Witold K. , Costa Alberto C. S.
Published: April 2018

The Ts65Dn mouse is the most studied animal model of Down syndrome. Past research has shown a significant reduction in CA1 hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS), but not in LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS), in slices from Ts65Dn mice compared with euploid mouse-derived slices. Additionally, therapeutically relevant doses of the drug memantine were shown to rescue learning and memory deficits in Ts65Dn mice. Here, we observed that 1 μM memantine had no detectable effect on HFS-induced LTP in either Ts65Dn- or control-derived slices, but it rescued TBS-induced LTP in Ts65Dn-derived slices to control euploid levels. Then, we assessed LTP induced by four HFS (4xHFS) and found that this form of LTP was significantly depressed in Ts65Dn slices when compared with LTP in euploid control slices. Memantine, however, did not rescue this phenotype. Because 4xHFS-induced LTP had not yet been characterized in Ts65Dn mice, we also investigated the effects of picrotoxin, amyloid beta oligomers, and soluble recombinant human prion protein (rPrP) on this form of LTP. Whereas ≥10 μM picrotoxin increased LTP to control levels, it also caused seizure-like oscillations. Neither amyloid beta oligomers nor rPrP had any effect on 4xHFS-induced LTP in Ts65Dn-derived slices.
Quantum Vacuum, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking
Authors: Capolupo Antonio
Published: April 2018

We study the behavior of the vacuum condensates characterizing many physical phenomena. We show that condensates due to thermal states, to fields in curved space, and to neutrino mixing, may represent new components of the dark matter, whereas the condensate due to axion-photon mixing can contribute to the dark energy. Moreover, by considering a supersymmetric framework, we show that the nonzero energy of vacuum condensates may induce a spontaneous supersymmetry breaking.
Calcium-Induced Differentiation of Human Colon Adenomas in Colonoid Culture: Calcium Alone versus Calcium with Additional Trace Elements
Authors: McClintock Shannon D. , Colacino Justin A. , Attili Durga , Dame Michael K. , Richter Aliah , Reddy Anusha R. , Basrur Venkatesha , Rizvi Areeba H. , Turgeon D. Kim , Varani James , Aslam Muhammad N.
Published: April 2018

Previous murine studies have demonstrated that dietary Aquamin, a calcium-rich, multi-mineral natural product, suppressed colon polyp formation and transition to invasive tumors more effectively than calcium alone when provided over the lifespan of the animals. In the current study, we compared calcium alone to Aquamin for modulation of growth and differentiation in human colon adenomas in colonoid culture. Colonoids established from normal colonic tissue were examined in parallel. Both calcium alone at 1.5 mmol/L and Aquamin (provided at 1.5 mmol/L calcium) fostered differentiation in the adenoma colonoid cultures as compared with control (calcium at 0.15 mmol/L). When Aquamin was provided at an amount delivering 0.15 mmol/L calcium, adenoma differentiation also occurred, but was not as complete. Characteristic of colonoids undergoing differentiation was a reduction in the number of small, highly proliferative buds and their replacement by fewer but larger buds with smoother surface. Proliferation marker (Ki67) expression was reduced and markers of differentiation (CK20 and occludin) were increased along with E-cadherin translocalization to the cell surface. Additional proteins associated with differentiation/growth control [including histone-1 family members, certain keratins, NF2 (merlin), olfactomedin-4 and metallothioneins] were altered as assessed by proteomics. Immunohistologic expression of NF2 was higher with Aquamin as compared with calcium at either concentration. These findings support the conclusions that (i) calcium (1.5 mmol/L) has the capacity to modulate growth and differentiation in large human colon adenomas and (ii) Aquamin delivering 0.15 mmol/L calcium has effects on proliferation and differentiation not observed when calcium is used alone at this concentration. Cancer Prev Res; 11(7); 413–28. ©2018 AACR.
Fatores que influenciam o impacto da saúde bucal nas atividades diárias de adolescentes, adultos e idosos
Authors: Bulgareli Jaqueline Vilela , Faria Eduardo Tanajura de , CortellazziI Karine Laura , Guerra Luciane Miranda , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi , Frias Antonio Carlos , Pereira Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2018

OBJETIVO: Analisar se variáveis clínicas, sociodemográficas e de acesso aos serviços odontológicos influenciam o impacto da saúde bucal nas atividades diárias de adolescentes, adultos e idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados secundários da Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal (SB São Paulo 2015) realizada em 163 municípios de São Paulo. Participaram do inquérito 17.560 indivíduos de três grupos etários: adolescentes de 15–19 anos (n = 5.558), adultos de 35–44 anos (n = 6.051) e idosos de 65 anos ou mais (n = 5.951). A seleção foi feita por amostra probabilística por conglomerados em dois estágios. A variável desfecho foi o impacto da saúde bucal sobre as atividades diárias, avaliado pelo questionário Oral Impacts on Daily Performances, contendo questões sobre comer, falar, higiene bucal, relaxamento, prática esportiva, sorriso, estudo ou trabalho, contato social e sono. O Oral Impacts on Daily Performances foi dicotomizado em com e sem impacto. As variáveis independentes foram as sociodemográficas, clínicas e de acesso, divididas em três blocos. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada considerando o plano amostral complexo de conglomerados. Cada observação recebeu um peso específico, dependendo da localização que resultou em frequências ponderadas e ajustadas para o efeito do delineamento. RESULTADOS: A presença de impacto da saúde bucal foi constatada em 27,9% dos indivíduos. No bloco 1, o sexo feminino e o grupo étnico preto/pardo tiveram maior chance de impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida, bem como os adultos e idosos em relação aos adolescentes. No bloco 2, a renda familiar até R$1.500 teve associação com a presença de impacto. No bloco 3, os indivíduos que relataram dor de dente, frequentaram o serviço público e procuraram tratamento odontológico tiveram maior chance de impacto. CONCLUSÕES: As variáveis sociodemográficas, clínica e de acesso ao serviço de saúde influenciam o impacto da saúde bucal nas atividades diárias de adolescentes, adultos e idosos.
Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Nitin Ravikanthachari , Balakrishnan V. C. , Churi Paresh V. , Kalesh S. , Prakash Satya , Kunte Krushnamegh
Published: April 2018

We present a systematic, updated checklist of larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot.  This includes recent new records, with a total of approximately 834 plant species/groups belonging to 88 families that are used by 320 butterfly species of the Western Ghats (the host plant records for 16 species are unknown).  A reverse list is also provided as a reference to plant species-wise plant-butterfly associations.  This work highlights the diversity of plant species on which the endemic and other butterfly species of the Western Ghats depend.
Frequency of Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: West Brian H. , Noureddin Nabil , Mamzhi Yakov , Low Christopher G. , Coluzzi Alexandra C. , Shih Evan J. , Gevorgyan Fleming Rubine , Saver Jeffrey L. , Liebeskind David S. , Charles Andrew , Tobis Jonathan M.
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—

Individuals with migraine are at higher risk for stroke, but the mechanism has not been established. On the basis of the association between migraine and intracardiac right-to-left shunt, it has been proposed that stroke in migraineurs could be caused by a paradoxical embolus passing through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PFO with right-to-left shunt in patients who presented with cryptogenic stroke and had a history of migraine.

Methods—

Patients between 18 and 60 years old who presented with an ischemic stroke were characterized based on ASCOD phenotyping (atherosclerosis; small-vessel disease; cardiac pathology; other causes; dissection). A migraine diagnosis was identified by reviewing physician notes, and frequent aura was defined if present in at least 50% of attacks. A PFO with right-to-left shunt diagnosis was identified by the presence of a positive bubble contrast study with either transcranial Doppler, transthoracic, or transesophageal echocardiography.

Results—

Of the 712 patients who presented with ischemic stroke, 127 (18%) were diagnosed as cryptogenic; 68 patients had adequate testing for PFO and a documented migraine history. The prevalence of PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke without migraine was elevated (59%) compared with the general population (18%). Patients with both cryptogenic stroke and migraine had a higher prevalence of PFO (79%). In patients with cryptogenic stroke who had migraine with frequent aura, the prevalence of PFO was 93%. Only 5 patients (4%) had a history compatible with migrainous infarction.

Conclusions—

In patients with cryptogenic stroke who have migraine, there is a high prevalence (79%) of PFO with right-to-left shunt. The timing of the stroke in migraineurs is usually not related to a migraine attack. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanism of stroke in migraineurs is most likely because of a paradoxical embolus. Future cryptogenic stroke classification schemes should consider including PFO as a separate etiologic category.
Bryofloristic affinities betwwen Itatiaia National Park and tropical Andean countries
Authors: COSTA DENISE PINHEIRO , COUTO GABRIEL POLITZER , SIQUEIRA MARINEZ FERREIRA , CHURCHILL STEVEN P.
Published: April 2018

Itatiaia National Park (INP) is an interesting biogeographically location in southeastern Brazil, with a unique bryoflora due to its varied vegetation formations (montane forest, upper montane forest, and campos de altitude) and subtropical climate. The bryoflora of the INP consists of 519 species, 213 genera, and 81 families (289 mosses and 230 liverworts), with 84 taxa considered endemic, representing 34% of the total Brazilian bryoflora and 42% of the Atlantic Rainforest. Mosses and liverworts show very similar geographical distributions, with the most common phytogeographical patterns being Neotropical (219 taxa) and endemic (84 taxa). Endemism is concentrated in the montane forest for liverworts and in the upper montane forest for mosses. Comparative analyses between the bryoflora of INP and five tropical Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela) were used to confirm its affinities with the “páramos” phytophysiognomy. Sørensen similarity tests and cluster analysis were carried out on the similarity matrices for all families, genera, and species. Supporting evidence from published data was used to interpret the results. Comparisons made between the bryoflora of INP with those of five tropical Andean countries mentioned above showed strong familial, generic, and species similarities, which are explained in the literature by climatic similarities, speciation, long-distance dispersal, and migration through favorable habitats. At least 40% of the bryoflora species are shared between INP and the other tropical Andean countries, despite their vast size differences. We emphasize the need for adequate protection for the bryoflora of INP, specially its endemic and disjunct species, due to anthropogenic threats (tourism, incorrect trail maintenance, trampling, fire, litter, and construction) and global warming, which will accelerate the alteration of mountain environments.
Mawenzhangia thamnobryoides (Bryophyta, Lembophyllaceae), a new moss genus and species from the Shangri-la region of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: ENROTH JOHANNES , SHEVOCK JAMES R. , IGNATOV MICHAEL S.
Published: April 2018

Mawenzhangia thamnobryoides gen. et sp. nov. (Bryophyta, Lembophyllaceae) is described based on collections from Yunnan, China. It is known from the Niru River watershed and grows on boulders just above the high water zone but can also be seasonally inundated. According to ITS sequences it is closely related to Nogopterium gracile (Pterogonium g.), but can be distinguished by the loosely patent and elliptic vs. imbricate and ovate leaves; much longer, single costa; thinner-walled and less strongly prorate laminal cells; and much smaller group of alar cells. Mawenzhangia thamnobryoides is illustrated in line drawings and an identification key to Chinese genera of the Lembophyllaceae is provided.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Antiphiona (Inuleae, Asteraceae), including a report of the first collection of the genus for South Africa
Authors: KOEKEMOER MARINDA
Published: April 2018

A new distribution record for Antiphiona pinnatisecta is reported for South Africa for the first time. A key to the species as well as descriptions in English and updated specimen and distribution records are provided. Micrographs of the important characters and images of the new distribution locality are included.
Navarretia panochensis (Polemoniaceae), a new species from the Panoche Hills and Panoche Valley of the San Joaquin Desert, California
Authors: GOWEN DAVID , JOHNSON LEIGH A.
Published: April 2018

A new species narrowly endemic to the extremely arid western portion of the San Joaquin Desert, California, Navarretia panochensis, is here described. This species belongs to the N. pubescens group of Navarretia section Mitracarpium, sharing several features including the presence of three cotyledons. It is distinguished from these near relatives by having entire rather than forked cotyledons, generally lavender corolla lobes, and like some populations of N. pubescens, lacking a widened distal rachis of its upper leaves and bracts. A key distinguishing N. panochensis from other species of the N. pubescens group is provided.
A new perennial species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from central Mexico
Authors: OCAMPO GILBERTO
Published: April 2018

Portulaca juliomartinezii is described here as a new species from the Mexican states of Guanajuato and Querétaro. It is a perennial species with fusiform roots, magenta flowers, and a hemispheric operculum, a set of characters that segregate it from other taxa like P. mexicana and P. pilosa. Although the molecular phylogenetic analysis is not clear about the sister relationships of P. juliomartinezii, the new species was found to be member of a high-supported clade within the Pilosa clade.
Taxonomic changes and description of two new species for the Phyllodactylus lanei complex (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae) in Mexico
Authors: RAMÍREZ-REYES TONATIUH , FLORES-VILLELA OSCAR
Published: April 2018

An integrative taxonomy approach was implemented based on analysis of genetic, phylogenetic, morphological and ecological data to identify the cryptic diversity within the Phyllodactylus lanei complex. At least six species can be identified, of which four are currently considered subspecies: Phyllodactylus lanei, Phyllodactylus rupinus, Phyllodactylus isabelae, Phyllodactylus lupitae and two corresponding to undescribed taxa, which are identified and described in this contribution. These differ from other Mexican geckos in several characters: genetic distance (DNAmt), position in molecular phylogeny (concatened data DNAmt+DNAnu), species tree, morphological characters such as snout-vent length, longitudinal scales, tubercles from head to tail, interorbital scales, scales across venter, third labial–snout scales and rows of tubercles across dorsum; there are also differences in their bioclimatic profiles (temperature and precipitation) and geographical distribution. The most recent studies on taxonomy and evolution of Mexican geckos (Phyllodactylus) show that the diversity of this group of reptiles is currently underestimated, suggesting that more research and conservation efforts are should be addressed at these lizards.
A contribution to the knowledge of Themus (Haplothemus) Wittmer from China (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)
Authors: YANG YUXIA , LIU HAOYU , YANG XINGKE
Published: April 2018

The Chinese fauna of Themus Motschulsky, 1858 is studied. Two new species are described: Themus (Haplothemus) quadratiformis sp. nov. (China: Shaanxi) and T. (H.) longideverticulum sp. nov. (China: Yunnan). Themus (Haplothemus) mishmiensis Wittmer, 1973 stat. nov. is elevated to the full-species rank from the subspecies of T. (H.) elongatior Pic, 1955, both species are redescribed. The male of T. (H.) quadratus Wittmer, 1983 and the female of T. (H.) weishanensis Kopetz, 2016 are described for the first time. The species are illustrated with aedeagus and habitus of male, abdominal sternite VIII and internal genitalia of female.
The Record-Breaking Heat Wave in 2016 over South Korea and Its Physical Mechanism
Authors: Yeh Sang-Wook , Won You-Jin , Hong Jin-Sil , Lee Kang-Jin , Kwon MinHo , Seo Kyong-Hwan , Ham Yoo-Geun
Published: April 2018

It is important to understand the dynamical processes that cause heat waves at regional scales. This study examined the physical mechanism that was responsible for a heat wave in South Korea in August 2016. Unlike previous August heat waves over the Korean Peninsula, the intensity of the geopotential height over the Kamchatka Peninsula in August 2016 was the strongest since 1979, which acted as an atmospheric blocking in the downstream region of the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, the anomalous high geopotential height in Mongolia, where the surface temperature was quite high, was observed persistently in August 2016. This anomalous high in Mongolia induced northerly winds with warm temperatures onto the Korean Peninsula, which contributed to a heat wave in August 2016. We further showed that the anomalous high geopotential height over the Kamchatka Peninsula in August 2016 was triggered by strong convection in the western-to-central subtropical Pacific through atmospheric teleconnections, which was quite different from a typical heat wave over the Korean Peninsula, in which convective forcing around the South China Sea is strong. This implies that convective forcing in the subtropical Pacific should also be monitored to predict heat wave events in East Asia, including South Korea. On the other hand, the zonal wave train associated with the circumglobal teleconnection pattern is also associated with the anomalous high geopotential height around Mongolia and the Kamchatka Peninsula, which may have contributed to the heat wave in August 2016.
Experience, Exposure, and Expectations: A Framework for Developing a Science of Broadening Participation
Authors: Kuiler Erik W.
Published: April 2018

Underserved and underrepresented communities have been studied from different perspectives. Nevertheless, until recently, little attention has been paid to integrating these different points of view into a cohesive discipline to support analyses of androcratic and gynocratic power asymmetries entrenched in social, cultural, and political institutions that result in governance policies that constrain the integration of underserved and underrepresented populations into the common weal. A framework for a science of broadening participation is presented that emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, methodological pragmatic, and a focus on the interdependencies among commodities, capabilities, and functionings to achieve human well-being a means to address the neglect of minority populations. Such a framework will not only support academic research but also the development of practical solutions by policy makers, educators, and workforce specialists.
Robustness of Percutaneously Completed Coronary Revascularization in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Obstructive Versus Occlusive Lesions
Authors: Kranjec Igor , Zavrl Džananovič Dinko , Mrak Miha , Bunc Matjaz
Published: April 2018

Our study sought to assess long-term outcomes of percutaneously completed coronary revascularization (CCR) in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising chronic total occlusions (CTOs). Between 2010 and 2014, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) of the CTOs were attempted in 213 patients: the CCR was achieved in 125 patients (group 1), while the PCI failed in 88 patients (group 2). They were matched against 252 patients (group 3) with the CCR obtained by the non-CTO PCIs. In the 5-year follow-up, more adverse cardiovascular (CV) events occurred in group 2 (29.5% vs 4.8% in group 1 vs 3.5% in group 3, P = .0001), mainly due to recurrent severe symptoms and additional revascularization of the CTOs; CV mortality did not seem to be significantly affected. Survival curves for the successful CTO and non-CTO PCIs appeared indistinguishable. Stent thromboses were infrequent in the CCR groups. In conclusion, long-term outcomes of the patients with the obstructive CAD containing the CTOs showed a favorable outcome if the CCR had been achieved percutaneously.
‘No peace, no war’ proponents? How pro-regime militias affect civil war termination and outcomes
Authors: Aliyev Huseyn
Published: April 2018

Previous research on non-state actors involved in civil wars has tended to disregard the role of extra-dyad agents in influencing conflict outcomes. Little is known as to whether the presence of such extra-dyadic actors as pro-regime militias affects conflict termination and outcomes. This article develops and tests a number of hypotheses on the pro-government militias’ effect upon civil war outcomes. It proposes that pro-regime militias involved in intrastate conflicts tend to act as proponents of ‘no peace, no war’, favouring low-activity violence and ceasefires over other conflict outcomes. These hypotheses are examined using an expanded dataset on pro-government militias and armed conflict in a statistical analysis of 229 civil war episodes from 1991 to 2015. These findings shed new light on the role of extra-state actors in civil wars.