bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remembering the anti-Soviet partisan war in Lithuania, 1944–1953: The effects of heroization at different levels of remembrance
Authors: Vervečkienė Liucija
Published: July 2023

The collective-level heroisation of the armed resistance (1944–1953) against the Soviet occupation in Lithuania faces various challenges, which initially address the threat posed by foreign propaganda or the legacy of Soviet period narratives. However, in this article, I argue that the difficulties in constructing a hero-freedom fighter from the partisan past lie in the exaltation of the ‘right’ type of behaviour at the ‘wrong’ time of occupation. As collective (political)-level memory portrays heroic resistance, the ‘memory consumers’ within families of different generational experiences mediate meanings and react to them with certain strategies. This reveals rather painful aspects of remembering collaboration and being on the ‘wrong side’, although the heroic image of the partisan aims to foster pride in the conflictual past. The Lithuanian case illustrates more general challenges in the intersection of individual, communicative and structural (political) memory in a country that experienced transformational regime change and commemorates the difficult past.
ɑ-Solanine Affects the Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of M2-Like TAMs Cells by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Under Hypoxia
Authors: Huang Jiayong , Wang Xiaowu , Pan Luofeng , Jiang Minjie , Zhou Siyun , Zhou Haoyun , Fu Hanzhang , Fang Binbo
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Blood vessels provide convenient conditions for tumor cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Antiangiogenesis and proapoptosis of tumor cells have become critical means of clinically treating tumors. This study aimed to investigate the antiangiogenic and pro-apoptotic abilities of α-solanine.

Methods

This study used the CCK8 method to select appropriate drug concentrations. Next, the antitumor mechanism of α-solanine under hypoxia was investigated using wound healing, transwell, cellular immune, and Western blot assays. Finally, a reverse validation was performed by adding MHY1485, an mammalian targets of rapamycin ( mTOR) activator.

Results

α-Solanine significantly decreased B-cell lymphoma2-related protein , n-Ca, vascular endothelial growth factor , MMP2, and MMP9 expression in cells. In addition , Bax, p53, TIMP1, and E-Ca expressions were upregulated. However, this study found that adding MHY1485 significantly attenuated the effects of α-solanine. These results suggest that α-solanine may achieve these functions by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusion

α-Solanine is highly resistant to angiogenesis and promotes apoptosis of M2 tumor-associated macrophages. These effects may depend on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The present study demonstrated that α-solanine has a strong anticancer effect under hypoxic conditions.
Exploring Hospital Physical Environment Influencing Users First Impressions of the Healthcare Organizations: A Conceptual Framework Based on Literature Review
Authors: Bazaid Rana , Pati Debajyoti
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to examine literature on first impressions and how physical design factors influence users’ first impressions.

Background:

Engineering a first impression through physical design has been successfully used in the context of US federal buildings and retail. A patient’s first impression is important as it affects their downstream behaviors and experiences. However, little is known about it in the context of healthcare design.

Method:

This study is part of a broader literature review that searched for studies on the first impression phenomenon, which were examined in a cross-disciplinary literature review, along with trade/professional journals/magazines. Three databases were in-depth searched—Scopus, Web of Science, and HaPI along with Google Scholar search and hand searching. A total of 187 satisfied articles and three books were reviewed through three phases to obtain an understanding of the first impressions and the factors affecting it.

Results:

After the in-depth review of the theories behind the first impression, the authors proposed a conceptual framework explaining the concept of the first impression and engineering it through physical design. The findings from published articles suggest five conceptual steps between early information pickup and early impression formation: (1) exposure time, (2) information pickup, (3) cognition, (4) emotion, and (5) judgment.

Conclusions:

The findings show a causal association between one’s initial information pickup during the first 5 min of exposure to a target and the formation of a first impression. It suggests a crucial role of physical design of the environment, including in healthcare facilities.
The role of cognitive biases and negative life events in predicting later depressive symptoms in children and adolescents
Authors: Platt Belinda , Sfärlea Anca , Löchner Johanna , Salemink Elske , Schulte-Körne Gerd
Published: July 2023

Aims

Cognitive models propose that negative cognitive biases in attention (AB) and interpretation (IB) contribute to the onset of depression. This is the first prospective study to test this hypothesis in a sample of youth with no mental disorder.

Methods

Participants were 61 youth aged 9–14 years with no mental disorder. At baseline (T1) we measured AB (passive-viewing task), IB (scrambled sentences task) and self-report depressive symptoms. Thirty months later (T2) we measured onset of mental disorder, depressive symptoms and life events (parent- and child-report). The sample included children of parents with ( n = 31) and without ( n = 30) parental depression.

Results

Symptoms of depression at T2 were predicted by IB ( ß = .35, p = .01) but not AB ( ß = .05, p = .72) at T1. This effect was strongest for children who experienced multiple negative life events (F2,48 = 6.0, p = .018, ΔR2 = .08). IB did not predict depressive symptoms at T2 over-and-above the effect of depressive symptoms at T1 ( ß = .21, p = .13).

Discussion

These findings suggest that IB (but not AB) plays an important role in the aetiology of depression. Modifying IB may have a preventive effect on youth depression, particularly for youth who experience negative life events. This prospective study provides important foundations for future experimental studies.
Consumers’ awareness of the ethical issues associated with textile materials in the context of the ecological transition
Authors: de Lamballerie Edith , Guillard Valerie
Published: July 2023

The ecological transition requires the transformation of consumers’ practices. However, for this transformation to occur, consumers must first be aware of the impacts of their practices. This article aims to understand how such awareness is achieved, through the study of textile materials in clothing. The analysis of 21 interviews conducted twice reveals the stages of the awareness process of textile materials. Reflection (moving from lived experience to representations) and then disadaptation (events creating a discrepancy between reality and representations) lead to conceptualization, from which the ethical issues involved gradually emerge. The first level of awareness concerns the impacts of textile materials on the durability of clothing. The second level concerns their impacts on the living world. These results, which fall within the scope of Transformative Consumer Research, provide guidelines to support changes in consumers’ practices toward a more ethical consumption.
Short-term outcomes for surgical correction of feline medial patellar luxations via semi-cylindrical recession trochleoplasty
Authors: Deom Kristen , Conzemius Michael G , Tarricone Jason , Nye Carolyn , Veytsman Stan
Published: July 2023

Case series summary

Three cats (five stifles) were diagnosed with varying degrees of pelvic limb lameness secondary to medial patellar luxations (MPLs). Lameness did not resolve with medical management in any cat before referral for orthopedic evaluation. All cats underwent semi-cylindrical recession trochleoplasty (SCRT), medial fascial release and lateral imbrication for surgical repair of MPLs. All cats were re-evaluated at 3 and 8 weeks postoperatively and two cats were also evaluated at 16 weeks postoperatively. At the final rechecks, all cats had resolution of lameness of the operated limb(s) and no evidence of recurrence of patellar luxation.

Relevance and novel information

This case series demonstrated SCRT with soft tissue reconstruction as an acceptable option for surgical correction in three cats with MPLs. Short-term outcomes revealed minor complications and all patellae remained centralized.
Hemolytic-Pred: A machine learning-based predictor for hemolytic proteins using position and composition-based features
Authors: Perveen Gulnaz , Alturise Fahad , Alkhalifah Tamim , Daanial Khan Yaser
Published: July 2023

Objective

The objective of this study is to propose a novel in-silico method called Hemolytic-Pred for identifying hemolytic proteins based on their sequences, using statistical moment-based features, along with position-relative and frequency-relative information.

Methods

Primary sequences were transformed into feature vectors using statistical and position-relative moment-based features. Varying machine learning algorithms were employed for classification. Computational models were rigorously evaluated using four different validation. The Hemolytic-Pred webserver is available for further analysis at http://ec2-54-160-229-10.compute-1.amazonaws.com/ .

Results

XGBoost outperformed the other six classifiers with an accuracy value of 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, and 0.98 for self-consistency test, 10-fold cross-validation, Jackknife test, and independent set test, respectively. The proposed method with the XGBoost classifier is a workable and robust solution for predicting hemolytic proteins efficiently and accurately.

Conclusions

The proposed method of Hemolytic-Pred with XGBoost classifier is a reliable tool for the timely identification of hemolytic cells and diagnosis of various related severe disorders. The application of Hemolytic-Pred can yield profound benefits in the medical field.
Corporate Sustainability Performance Evaluation and Firm Financial Performance: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Alam Zaheer , Tariq Yasir Bin
Published: July 2023

The study purports to search the corporate sustainability practices of the companies in Pakistan. This study is novel research in the context as it tries to capture corporate sustainability practices in a market where these practices involve a high divergence among the companies amidst a voluntary disclosure requirement. Total sustainability efforts by the companies in Pakistan have been assembled over an index based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting guidelines and some context-specific indicators. Corporate sustainability has been calculated by applying the quality of disclosure (CSQI) along with the level of disclosure (CSLI). The average CSLI disclosure is 47% and CSQI disclosure is 27%. The quality of disclosure is lower as the companies do not disclose too much data in quantitative or statistical form. The disclosure is also described as inconsistent among the companies. The study finds a relationship between corporate sustainability scores and corporate financial performance by applying a step-by-step approach likely to lead to a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation for controlling the endogenous nature of such a relationship. Regression results have confirmed that there exists a positive relationship between corporate sustainability and accounting and market-based financial performance. The stakeholder theory seems to have roots in the context. The study has some policy implications and will guide the regulation of sustainability at the corporate level in Pakistan.
Upper Extremity Blocks for Hand Surgeons: A Literature Review of Regional Anaesthesia Techniques, Efficacy, and Safety
Authors: Kohan Joshua , Cabanas Cassandra , Edalatpour Armin , Seitz Allison , Kuei Michelle C. , Gander Brian H.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Regional anaesthesia (RA) techniques have increased in popularity due to evidence of reductions in acute pain, chronic pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and pulmonary complications. While upper extremity blocks (UEBs) have been the subject of several comprehensive reviews, no review to date has synthesised the information on their use in hand surgery. Methods: A search of PUBMED and Cochrane databases was performed to identify the evidence associated with upper extremity blocks. The results of this search and extant literature on UEBs were examined and the relevant information extracted. Results: Supraclavicular block is associated with transient complications such as Horner's syndrome and phrenic nerve palsy, affecting up to 54% and 50% of patients, respectively. The incidence of pneumothorax in supraclavicular blocks is up to 4%. Infraclavicular, interscalene and axillary blocks have a lower rate of all complications, however, each may require a supplementary block at a different anatomical site as each spares significant regions of the upper extremity. Epinephrine in concentrations of 1:100,000–200,000 is safe for use in digital blocks with no association digital gangrene. Current evidence suggests digital blocks are safe and efficacious when appropriately performed. Conclusion: UEBs are safe and may be administered by an anaesthesia provider or an appropriately trained surgeon. The choice of block is contingent on the anatomical location of the surgical procedure, procedure duration, patient preference, patient co-morbidieis, and the surgeon's experience. Most upper extremity surgeries can be performed using RA. Current evidence illustrates outcome benefits for patients, surgeons, and healthcare institutions utilising RA.
Patient Perspectives on Interdisciplinary Peripheral Nerve Trauma Care
Authors: Pye Aidan , Stanton Suzy , Bristol Sean , Chapman Kristine M. , Berger Michael J.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a complex, debilitating condition that is increasingly being treated in interdisciplinary clinics. Patients see peripheral nerve surgeons, neurologists, physiatrists, and electrodiagnostic technicians in a single encounter. No studies have evaluated patient experience within this unique interdisciplinary care model. This study aims to assess patients’ perceptions of the effectiveness of delivery of care and health care information in an interdisciplinary PNI clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted using a 23-question survey that was by a lived-experience partner (an individual who had a brachial plexus injury) in research who helped design the survey. Participants attended an interdisciplinary clinic for PNI 1-2 days prior to taking the survey. The survey included 5-point Likert scales for measuring patient understanding and qualitative questions that were categorized into themes, using conventional content analysis. Results: Of the 20 participants, 65% were male, 35% were female and the mean age was 42.6 ± 17.8. Median scores of 4 were obtained for the patient understanding of the testing purposes, test results, nerve recovery after PNI, and surgical decision-making (full understanding = 5). On improving the clinical experience, 58% indicated no improvements were necessary, while 17% indicated the clinic felt rushed or overwhelming. When asked about positive aspects of their clinical experience, 64% appreciated the team approach to care, 27% valued the informative nature of the clinic, and 27% appreciated the progress they felt when providers at the clinic performed nerve testing. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that patients with PNI have overall positive perceptions of the delivery of care and information in an interdisciplinary PNI clinic. These results provide new insight into how interdisciplinary care may be beneficial to PNI patients based on the perceived effectiveness of knowledge translation.
Diagnosis of Posterior and Combined-Type Shoulder Instability: A 10-Year Cross-sectional Study From a Single Military Base
Authors: Green Clare K. , Scanaliato John P. , Sandler Alexis B. , Jones Ethan W. , Dunn John C. , Parnes Nata
Published: July 2023

Background:

Large variations exist in the reported frequency and etiology of posterior and combined shoulder instability in the active-duty military population.

Purpose:

To compare imaging and clinical examination findings as well as reoperation rates between active-duty military patients who underwent surgery for anterior, posterior, and combined-type shoulder instability.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on patients treated surgically for shoulder instability from a single military base from January 2010 to December 2019. Each case was characterized as isolated anterior, isolated posterior, or combined, according to arthroscopic findings. Information was collected on patient characteristics, history of trauma, time to surgery, associated pathological findings, and survivorship at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Results:

Overall, 416 patients (n = 394 men; n = 22 women), with a mean age of 29.1 years, underwent primary shoulder stabilization surgery during the study period. There were 158 patients (38%) with isolated anterior instability, 139 (33%) with isolated posterior instability, and 119 (29%) with combined instability. A history of trauma was more prevalent with isolated anterior instability (129 [81.7%]) than with either isolated posterior (95 [68.4%]) or combined instability (73 [61.3%]) ( P = .047 and P = .001, respectively). Patients with anterior instability were significantly more likely to be diagnosed on the preoperative physical examination when compared with patients with posterior instability (93% vs 79.1%; P < .001) or combined instability (93% vs 75.6%; P < .001) and were also more likely to have a discrete labral tear detected on a preoperative magnetic resonance arthrogram than patients with posterior instability (82.9% vs 63.3%; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of medical discharge or recurrent instability requiring reoperation between groups.

Conclusion:

The study findings indicated that young, active-duty military patients are at increased risk for isolated posterior and combined-type shoulder instability, with posterior and combined instability collectively accounting for over 60% of instability cases in this cohort. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of instability when evaluating and treating young, active-duty military patients with shoulder pain, even in the absence of diagnostic physical examinations or imaging findings.
Association Between Tunnel Position, Tunnel Angle, Graft Signal Intensity, and Graft Thickness in the Reconstructed Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Park Seong Yun , Nam Hee Seung , Ho Jade Pei Yuik , Tu Nguyen Thanh , Lee Yong Seuk
Published: July 2023

Background:

An appropriate tunnel position, tunnel angle, and tunnel-graft angle are important factors for maintaining the stability and mechanical properties of a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft.

Purpose:

To evaluate the association between tunnel position, tunnel angle, graft signal intensity ratio (SIR), and graft thickness after remnant-preserving PCL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were patients who had undergone remnant-preserving single-bundle PCL reconstruction using a tibialis anterior allograft between March 2014 and September 2020 and who had minimum 12-month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans. Tunnel position and angle were evaluated via 3-dimensional computed tomography, and their association with graft SIR on both the femoral and the tibial sides was determined. Graft thickness and SIR at 3 areas of the graft were evaluated and compared, and their association with tunnel-graft angle was also determined.

Results:

Overall, 50 knees (50 patients; 43 male, 7 female) were included. The mean time to postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was 25.8 ± 15.8 months. The mean SIR of the graft’s midportion was higher compared with that of the proximal and distal portions ( P = .028 and P < .001, respectively), and the SIR of the proximal portion was higher compared with that of the distal portion ( P = .002). The femoral tunnel-graft angle was more acute than the tibial tunnel-graft angle ( P = .004). A more anteriorly and distally located femoral tunnel led to a less acute femoral tunnel-graft angle ( P = .005) and a decreased SIR of the proximal portion ( P = .040), and a more laterally located tibial tunnel was associated with a less acute tibial tunnel-graft angle ( P = .024) and a reduced SIR of the distal portion ( P = .044). The mean thicknesses of the graft’s midportion and distal portion were larger than that of the proximal portion ( P < .001). The SIR of the graft’s midportion was positively correlated with its thickness ( r = 0.321; P = .023).

Conclusion:

The SIR of the proximal portion of the graft around the femoral tunnel was higher than that of the distal portion around the tibial tunnel. An anteriorly and distally positioned femoral tunnel and a laterally positioned tibial tunnel resulted in less acute tunnel-graft angles that were associated with decreased signal intensity.
The Relations of Vietnam with the Middle East-North Africa Region: From a Divided State to an Important Member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Authors: Bishku Michael B.
Published: July 2023

During the Cold War, three countries were partitioned into two states: Germany, Korea, and Vietnam. The last was a result of its war of independence against the French following World War II and continued until 1954. Following a victorious war against the United States-backed government in the south, the communist government in the north reunited the country between 1975 and 1976. In 1988, facing economic troubles, Vietnam instituted Doi Moi market reforms while relaxing its ideological worldview and expanded its diplomatic and economic relations. In 1995, Vietnam joined the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which it had regarded as a pro-Western organization during the Cold War. Meanwhile, first North Vietnam and later a reunified Vietnam went from a country whose relations were exclusive with states in the communist bloc and a few other non-aligned countries to one that today has ties with almost every country in the world. Academic studies on Vietnam’s foreign relations largely focus on those with Russia, China, the US, its ASEAN partners, and other countries in Asia. However, since the end of the Cold War, countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are an import source of Vietnam’s crude oil and natural gas and an expanding market for its exports, while MENA states, in this era of globalization, have sought to increase diplomatic and economic ties throughout Asia.
Mobility and Inequality in the Professoriate: How and Why First-Generation and Working-Class Backgrounds Matter
Authors: Roscigno Vincent J. , Lee Elizabeth M. , Hurst Allison L. , Brady David , King Colby R. , Abraham Jack Anthony , Delaney Kevin J. , McDermott Monica , Muñoz José , Johnson Wendi , Francis Robert D. , Warnock Debbie , Weigers Vitullo Margaret
Published: July 2023

Social science research has long recognized the relevance of socioeconomic background for mobility and inequality. In this article we interrogate how and why working-class and first-generation backgrounds are especially meaningful and take as our case in point the professoriate and the discipline of sociology, – i.e., a field that intellectually prioritizes attention to group inequality and that arguably offers a conservative empirical test compared to other academic fields. Our analyses, which draw on unique survey items and open-ended qualitative materials from nearly 1,000 academic sociologists, reveal significant background divergences in academic job attainment, tied partly to educational background. Moreover, and especially unique and important, findings demonstrate significant consequences across several dimensions of inequality including compensation and economic precarity, professional visibility, and isolation at departmental, college or university, and professional levels. We conclude by highlighting how our discussion and results contribute in important ways to broader sociological concerns surrounding mobility, group disadvantage, and social closure.
The Child Tax Credit, Educational Investments, and the American Dream: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Jabbari Jason , Anglum Cameron , Roll Stephen , Hamilton Leah
Published: July 2023

In March 2021, the American Rescue Plan substantially increased the maximum per-child child tax credit (CTC). However, research has yet to explore educational investments associated with the CTC. Thus, the authors leverage a probability-based panel survey of CTC-eligible families across 49 states to examine how parents’ investments in tutoring and college savings relate to the degree to which parents believe that their children will have better lives than they did. Through mediation models, the authors find that even though families that used the CTC for tutoring and college savings perceived an impact, intentions were related only to increased optimism through actions for college savings. Moreover, through their moderation models, the authors find that the direct effects of using the CTC for college savings on increased optimism were significant only for lower income families and that converting savings plans into actions was substantially more common among families with previous savings experiences.
Credit Debt and Over-indebtedness Among the Agrarian Community: A Case Study in Krishnagar-I C.D. Block of Nadia District, West Bengal
Authors: Das Shibu , Sharma Kaushal Kumar
Published: July 2023

This article examines the different aspects and the persistence of credit debt and over-indebtedness among the 227 rural agrarian households of seven representative villages in Krishnagar-ICD Block of Nadia district, West Bengal in India. This study employed three multiple regression models, one binary logistic regression model, percentage and frequency count to analyse the data. Overall, 41.41% of the total farmers faced an over-indebted burden. The majority of the borrowers are sub-marginal farmers (59.47%), availed their major proportion of credit (63.17%) from different non-institutional agencies and utilized their major proportion loan (69.37%) for several unproductive purposes. Over-indebtedness is strongly related to the farmer from a lower age group and experiencing the adverse shock of death from any family member. It is found higher among the more experienced farmer and the farmer having more percentage of cash crop and with the increase of overdue amount and credit demand per acre. On the other hand, it is found lower with the rise of per acre cost for production. To reduce the uncertain shock of the over-indebtedness burden, credit literacy, land productivity and non-agricultural income source should be increased, complicated procedural formalities of formal credit for the sub-marginal farmer and landless sharecropper should be minimized.
Surgical Technique for the Latarjet Procedure Using Non-Cannulated Screws
Authors: Yu Kristin E. , Nauert Richard F. , Camp Christopher L.
Published: July 2023

Background:

The Latarjet procedure is effective for patients with anterior glenohumeral instability with substantial glenoid bone loss due to its triple blocking effect.

Indications:

Indications include high-risk patients with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability with any glenoid bone loss or low-risk patients with 15% to 30% glenoid bone loss.

Technique Description:

An incision is made lateral to the coracoid and the deltopectoral interval is established. The pectoralis minor is released medially off the coracoid and the coracoacromial (CA) ligament is released close to the acromion. The coracoid is cut with a right-angle saw and the inferior coracoid is decorticated with a burr. Two holes are pre-drilled in the coracoid. The subscapularis is split between the upper two-thirds and lower one-third with the arm in external rotation. The capsule is split vertically at the joint line and the humeral head is retracted. The anterior glenoid is decorticated with a burr, and a hole is drilled inferiorly. The depth is measured and added to the depth of the inferior bone block hole. A fully threaded 3.5-mm solid stainless steel screw is placed in the inferior hole. Care is taken to ensure that the lateral border of the bone block is flush with the articular margin. This is repeated for the superior hole. A 1.8-mm knotless suture anchor is placed between the screws. The repair stitch is passed through the capsule and loaded onto the anchor and tensioned. The CA ligament is laid over the capsule and repaired. The subscapularis split is repaired side to side and the wound is closed in layers.

Results:

High return-to-sport rates, including at the same level of play, have been observed among young competitive athletes with significant glenoid bone loss who underwent a Latarjet, with similarly favorable results in older patients. Ninety-day complication rates have been reported around 9%, 5% of which constituted graft or hardware failures.

Discussion/Conclusion:

The Latarjet procedure is an effective option for indicated patients with anterior glenohumeral instability and may be enhanced with solid screws, proper anatomic technique, and capsulolabral repair augmentation.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Understanding the Downstream Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sonographers and Vascular Technologists: Healthcare Heroes’ Kryptonite!
Authors: Evans Kevin D. , Weikle A. Nicole , Fukumura Yoko E. , Roll Shawn C. , Sommerich Carolyn M.
Published: July 2023

Objective:

This work aimed to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the work of sonographers and vascular technologists.

Materials and Methods:

A follow-up questionnaire was sent to an established registry of ultrasonography users who opted into a longitudinal research study examining worker health and wellbeing. Multiple questions related to the general impacts of COVID-19 on sonography work practices, workload, and considerations of remaining or leaving their current job were included; responses to these questions were descriptively tabulated. Participants indicated specific changes that occurred and provided general comments related to COVID-19 impacts in two free-text questions. These comments were qualitatively analyzed by two sonographers who used an interpretive grounded theory approach to formatively code and memo the comments. Four summative interviews were conducted with participants who represented varied practice areas to gain deeper insights into the experiences expressed by the total respondent pool. Qualitative coding of the free-text responses and interview transcripts was completed independently by the two sonographers using the Sonography Work Systems (SWS) framework, and the full research team contributed to the interpretation of the findings.

Results:

A total of 1389 ultrasonography users completed the questionnaire. The pandemic changed the ways in which examinations were performed for approximately half of the respondents. A higher or somewhat higher workload was noted by 48% of the sample, while only 10% experienced a lower or somewhat lower workload. Components of the work system were a major concern for respondents, and a lack of support from supervisors and hospital administration was a key finding. Participants felt limited in their ability to provide care, experienced posttraumatic stress, and reported a lack of reciprocity, which were all underscored as undesirable outcomes.

Conclusion:

Sonographers and vascular technologists suffered negative consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most marked outcome was the undesirable effects on the work system, which resulted in the need for these workers to engage in herculean efforts over a sustained period. Findings suggest that these health care heroes may have experienced physical and mental harm while trying to provide health care services, despite numerous institutional challenges.
The G2-Like gene family in Populus trichocarpa: identification, evolution and expression profiles
Authors: Wu Ruihua , Guo Lin , Guo Yueyang , Ma Lehang , Xu Kehang , Zhang Boyu , Du Liang
Published: July 2023

The Golden2-like (GLK) transcription factors are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that perform extensive and significant roles in regulating chloroplast development. Here, genome-wide identification, classification, conserved motifs, cis-elements, chromosomal locations, evolution and expression patterns of the PtGLK genes in the woody model plant Populus trichocarpa were analyzed in detail. In total, 55 putative PtGLKs (PtGLK1-PtGLK55) were identified and divided into 11 distinct subfamilies according to the gene structure, motif composition and phylogenetic analysis. Synteny analysis showed that 22 orthologous pairs and highly conservation between regions of GLK genes across P. trichocarpa and Arabidopsis were identified. Furthermore, analysis of the duplication events and divergence times provided insight into the evolutionary patterns of GLK genes. The previously published transcriptome data indicated that PtGLK genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues and different stages. Additionally, several PtGLKs were significantly upregulated under the responses of cold stress, osmotic stress, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellic acid (GA) treatments, implying that they might take part in abiotic stress and phytohormone responses. Overall, our results provide comprehensive information on the PtGLK gene family and elucidate the potential functional characterization of PtGLK genes in P. trichocarpa.
Molecular eidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex in a tertiary hospital in Shandong, China
Authors: Hu Shengnan , Xie Wenyan , Cheng Qiwen , Zhang Xiaoning , Dong Xiutao , Jing Huaiqi , Wang Jiazheng
Published: July 2023

Background

The increasing incidence and prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CREC) poses great challenges to infection prevention and disease treatment. However, much remains unknown about the clinical characteristics of CREC isolates. Our objective was to characterize antimicrobial resistance and, carbapenemase production in CREC with 36 CREC isolates collected from a tertiary hospital in Shandong, China.

Results

Three types of carbapenemases (NDM, IMP and VIM) were detected in these isolates. Among them, NDM carbapenemases were most prevalent, with a 61.2% (22/36) detection rate for NDM-1, 27.8% (10/36) for NDM-5 and 2.8% (1/36) for NDM-7. IMP-4 was found in two isolates and VIM-1 in only one isolate. The MLST analysis identified 12 different sequence types (STs), of which ST171 (27.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by ST418 (25.0%). ST171 isolates had significantly higher rates of resistance than other STs to gentamicin and tobramycin (Ps < 0.05), and lower rates of resistance to aztreonam than ST418 and other STs (Ps < 0.05). Among 17 carbapenemase-encoding genes, the blaNDM−5 gene was more frequently detected in ST171 than in ST418 and other isolates (Ps < 0.05). In contrast, the blaNDM−1 gene was more frequently seen in ST418 than in ST171 isolates. One novel ST (ST1965) was identified, which carried the blaNDM−1 gene.

Conclusion

NDM-5 produced by ST171 and NDM-1 carbapenemase produced by ST418 were the leading cause of CREC in this hospital. This study enhances the understanding of CREC strains and helps improve infection control and treatment in hospitals.
Diffusion-weighted whole-body magnetic resonance imaging with background body signal suppression was useful in a patient with isolated myocardial abscess confined to the right atrial wall: a case report
Authors: Nakata Marohito , Yokota Naoko , Kenzaka Tsuneaki
Published: July 2023

Background

Myocardial abscess is often associated with infective endocarditis (IE), and isolated myocardial abscess without IE is rare. Echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) are often used to diagnose myocardial abscess; however, to the best of our knowledge, diffusion-weighted whole-body magnetic resonance imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) has not been used. Here, we present a case of myocardial abscess without IE that was diagnosed using DWIBS.

Case presentation

: A 72-year-old Japanese man with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and retinitis pigmentosa presented to our hospital with malaise and a fever lasting 10 days. Blood test results showed elevated inflammatory marker levels (white blood cell count 18,700/µL and C-reactive protein level 23.0 mg/dL). Infection was suspected; however, the source of the infection could not be identified. DWIBS, which was performed on day 7 of admission to determine the source of infection, showed a high signal surrounding the right wall, suggesting inflammation. Contrast-enhanced CT performed on day 1 of hospitalization revealed a low-density area in the same region; however, the pathological implications of this finding could not be determined. Based on DWIBS findings, we concluded that the condition presented as a myocardial abscess that was confined specifically to the right atrial wall. Three sets of blood cultures revealed negative findings, and echocardiography showed no vegetation or valve regurgitation. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with an isolated myocardial abscess uncomplicated with IE. An electrocardiogram on admission showed no P waves, and the patient had a junctional rhythm. However, on day 20 of hospitalization, he developed a complete atrioventricular block. After complete myocardial abscess healing following antibiotic treatment was confirmed, the patient underwent pacemaker implantation. Ten months after surgery, the patient had no signs of infection recurrence.

Conclusions

Based on history and physical examination alone, diagnosis of an isolated myocardial abscess can be challenging. In addition to CT and echocardiography, DWIBS might be helpful for the diagnosis of myocardial abscesses.
Fish intake and pre-frailty in Norwegian older adults - a prospective cohort study: the Tromsø Study 1994–2016
Authors: Konglevoll Dina Moxness , Andersen Lene Frost , Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter , Strand Bjørn Heine , Thoresen Magne , Totland Torunn Holm , Hjartåker Anette , Carlsen Monica Hauger
Published: July 2023

Background

Pre-frailty is an intermediate, potentially reversible state before the onset of frailty. Healthy dietary choices may prevent pre-frailty. Fish is included in most healthy diets, but little is known about the association between long-term habitual fish intake and pre-frailty. We aimed to elucidate the longitudinal association between the frequency of fish intake and pre-frailty in a cohort of older adults in Norway.

Methods

4350 participants (52% women, ≥65 years at follow-up) were included in this prospective cohort study. Data was obtained from three waves of the population-based Tromsø Study in Norway; Tromsø4 (1994–1995), Tromsø6 (2007–2008) and Tromsø7 (follow-up, 2015–2016). Frailty status at follow-up was defined by a modified version of Fried’s phenotype. Fish intake was self-reported in the three surveys and assessed as three levels of frequency of intake: low (0–3 times/month), medium (1–3 times/week) and high (≥ 4 times/week). The fish–pre-frailty association was analysed using multivariable logistic regression in two ways; (1) frequency of intake of lean, fatty and total fish in Tromsø6 and pre-frailty at follow-up, and (2) patterns of total fish intake across the three surveys and pre-frailty at follow-up.

Results

At follow-up, 28% (n = 1124) were pre-frail. Participants with a higher frequency of lean, fatty and total fish intake had 28% (odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53, 0.97), 37% (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.91) and 31% (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.91) lower odds of pre-frailty 8 years later compared with those with a low intake, respectively. A pattern of stable high fish intake over 21 years was associated with 41% (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.38, 0.91) lower odds of pre-frailty compared with a stable low intake.

Conclusions

A higher frequency of intake of lean, fatty and total fish, and a pattern of consistent frequent fish intake over time, were associated with lower odds of pre-frailty in older community-dwelling Norwegian adults. These results emphasise the important role of fish in a healthy diet and that a frequent fish intake should be promoted to facilitate healthy ageing.
The impact of COVID-19 on national program of colorectal cancer screening in Tehran, Iran: a multicenter study
Authors: Sadeghi Amir , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Khalafi Mohammad Amin , Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad Ehsan , Ketabi Moghadam Pardis , Sohrabi Mohammad-Reza
Published: July 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of the healthcare system, including prevention, treatment, rehabilitation of diseases and health education; access to essential therapies; allocation of finance & facilities to health issues, and governance of diseases, including COVID-19 and other diseases. Consequently, the burden of COVID-19 was not only attributable to the multiorgan involvement and detailed presentation of the disease but also to the inadequate management of other diseases resulting from the exclusive allocation of resources and medical personnel to the pandemic crisis. Over the mentioned period, one observed deficiency was the lack of public and official favor for conventional screening protocols. To this end, this study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening protocols at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, in an effort to identify individuals at risk for CRC and provide them with intensive screening and therapy.

Methods

This is an observational study comparing the number of candidates for CRC screening referred to primary, secondary, and tertiary health-care centers under supervision of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran in a 2-year interval before and after COVID-19 pandemics. Patients with intermediate- and high-risk criteria for colorectal cancer were included in the study and were screened by fecal immunochemical test. Patients with positive or indeterminate fecal test results were further evaluated with colonoscopy in research institute for gastroenterology and liver diseases where is a tertiary referral center for CRC screening. Finally, the decrease percentage of screening tests and endoscopic findings during the pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic period was calculated and interpreted.

Results

A significant decrease in the number of performed fecal immunochemical tests (FITs), referred positive FITs, and referred patients with positive alarm signs to the Research Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (RIGLD) center inevitably led to a considerable decrease in the number of endoscopic findings, including high-risk adenomas, sessile serrated polyps, and even early-stage colorectal cancers (CRCs).

Conclusion

The disruption of screening protocols caused by the COVID-19 pandemic appears to increase the number of patients with high-grade and end-stage CRCs referred in the near future.
Risk factors for periventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage severity in preterm infants: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Huang Jinglan , Wang Yan , Tian Tian , Zhu Tingting , Tang Jun , Gao Qian , Xiong Tao
Published: July 2023

Background

Most previous studies comparing etiological studies in infants with and without periventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage (PV-IVH) concluded that younger gestational age (GA) was associated with a higher prevalence rate of PV-IVH. However, only a few studies have examined the risk factors associated with the severity of PV-IVH after removing the influence of GA. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors apart from GA for PV-IVH severity in preterm infants less than 28 weeks.

Methods

This was a retrospective case-control study of preterm infants born in West China Second Hospital with PV-IVH between 2009 and 2020. PV-IVH was defined using cranial ultrasound screening. Preterm infants were divided into no PV-IVH and PV-IVH groups, and preterm infants with PV-IVH were divided into mild and severe PV-IVH groups. Groups were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score calculated from GA. Variables were collected from infant–mother pairs. A stepwise forward multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to select factors that affected PV-IVH in preterm infants.

Results

A total of 429 preterm infants were included. The total incidence of PV-IVH in preterm infants was 55.6%, and the incidence of mild and severe PV-IVH was 28.7% and 26.9%, respectively. We matched 162 infants with no PV-IVH with 162 infants with PV-IVH. The results suggested that electrolyte disorder (OR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.34–5.77), early-onset sepsis (OR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.01–3.08), thrombocytopenia (OR 2.87, 95% CI: 1.10–7.48), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 4.21, 95% CI: 1.86–9.55), and male sex (OR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.29–3.60) were independently associated with PV-IVH. Then, we matched 87 infants with mild PV-IVH with 87 infants with severe PV-IVH. The results suggested that electrolyte disorder (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.29–6.45), thrombocytopenia (OR 5.73, 95% CI: 1.91–17.14), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 10.54, 95% CI: 1.16–95.85) were independently associated with severity of PV-IVH.

Conclusions

Regardless of GA, electrolyte disorder, early-onset sepsis, thrombocytopenia, invasive mechanical ventilation, and male sex contributed to PV-IVH in preterm infants, and electrolyte disorder, thrombocytopenia, and invasive mechanical ventilation contributed to severe PV-IVH. These risk factors may combine to predict the incidence of PV-IVH in preterm infants.