bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbine Generator Using Matlab-Simulink
Authors: Ahmad Roshen , Abdul-Hussain Mahdi
Published: June 2023

Wind energy utilization for power generation purpose is becoming high interest in electrical power production as a result of easy access to the wind and not be affected by any environment that is clean and sustainable source of energy.In this research a mathematical model and its parameters has been studied that affect the electrical output power generated by the wind turbine. These parameters are wind speed which is affected by temperature that cause air density change and that lead to vary wind speed, and power coefficient as a function of pitch angle and blade tip speed.The modeling and simulation technique will play great role in the design and analysis of these wind turbines.In the past years, the demand of Matlab-Simulink is one of the most common software, which is important for modeling, and simulation of dynamic systems. It provides a graphical interface, easy to access, design, build and verify mathematical models.These programs can easily make new designs and strategies control as well as tests. The wind turbine generators are the best example of these dynamic systems.
الزكاة والضريبة ودورهما في زيادة ايرادات الدولة في ظل الازمة المالية الراهنة
Authors: احمد سناء
Published: June 2023

يتناول هذا البحث عرض الجوانب العلمية للزكاة والضريبة وضرورة التنسيق بينهما لزيادة ايرادات الدولة كما انه يهدف للإجابة على التساؤل التالي (هل جمع الزكاة يخفض من عائدات الدولة من الضرائب وهل يمكن للزكاة ان تخفض من نسبة الانفاق العام في الموازنة العامة للدولة وزيادة ايراداتها لتجاوز الازمة المالية) حيث اعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لعرض الجوانب التي تخدم الدراسة, ومن اهم النتائج والتوصيات التي يوصي بها البحث هو ضرورة اجراء دراسات موسعة عن النظام المالي في الاسلام خاصة الزكاة كأداة مالية واقتصادية واجتماعية مهمة وفاعلة تستحق الاهتمام.
Performance Analysis of Bidirectional Traffic WDM Passive Optical Network with Arrayed Waveguide Grating Filters
Authors: Muhsin Muhannad
Published: June 2023

The objective of this paper is to highlight the possibility of solving problems corresponding to "the concept of a flexible optical access network." The entire network architecture has been accomplished using the OPTISYSTEM development environment. The WDM-PON system architecture is based on two cascaded Array Waveguide grating (AWG). As compared with standard bidirectional WDM-PON, the system presented in this paper is low cost and more effective. Performance analysis of (NRZ, 0.6 RZ, and 0.8 RZ) modulation formats for both downstream and upstream and the effect of fiber length in them has been investigated. Two different filtering types of AWGs (Gaussian and rectangular) have been evaluated and their effect on the performance of the signal has been compared. Downstream and upstream signals performance was evaluated and optimized with respect to the bandwidth of AWG and the extinction ratio of the downstream signal.
Efficient Filter for EEG Signal Using Non Local Mean Approach
Authors: Ahmed Anas
Published: June 2023

Non Local Mean (NLM) filter has attracted great attention within the images and signal processing field especially in the last ten years. The main contribution of this paper to the field of biomedical signals processing is introducing the straightforward application of the fast NLM filter to EEG signal contaminated with "Additive White Gaussian Noise" (AWGN). The performance of this filter is analysed by evaluating its optimal parameters. All the tests are conducted using actual EEG signal captured from human brain. The performance of this filter is determined using "Output Signal to Noise Ratio" (SNRo) and "Cross Correlation" (CC) criteria. The NLM filter exhibits excellent performance in rejection the AWGN from the EEG signal.
Chemin faisant avec Jean-Pierre Augustin : l'animation et les espaces urbains
Authors: Richelle Jean-Luc
Published: June 2023

Jean-Pierre Augustin expérimente l’animation dans un foyer pour jeunes d’un quartier populaire à Bordeaux, représentatif de la naissance de l’animation socioculturelle en France. Les conflits entre jeunes épuisent les illusions des animateurs pour cet espace de socialisation, qui s’adapte en s’ouvrant à une animation de quartier et globale, avant de fournir un ancrage à des dispositifs territorialisés dans une ville éclatée. Jean-Pierre Augustin confronte dans ses études l’évolution socio-spatiale des villes et les pratiques sociales créatrices d’une urbanité flexible. Enseignant-chercheur en IUT, il promeut des formations diplômantes pour contribuer à la professionnalisation d’animateurs. Participant de synergies internationales, dont celles issues du RIA et de coopérations scientifiques, il conforte une conception émancipatoire de l’animation et de l’action collective. Les qualités humaines, la grande curiosité d’esprit et la capacité de travail du professeur d’université caractérisent un homme pluriel qui participe à de multiples réseaux associatifs, institutionnels et universitaires. Ce géographe humaniste est porteur d’un optimisme lucide et généreux.
Numéro spécial – En mémoire de Jean-Pierre Augustin
Authors: Lafortune Jean-Marie
Published: June 2023

Avec le décès de notre collègue et ami Jean-Pierre Augustin au mois de juillet 2022, moins de deux ans après celui de son camarade Jean-Claude Gillet, le monde de l’animation perd un autre phare qui l’a guidé depuis un quart de siècle. Professeur émérite à l’Université Bordeaux-Montaigne, membre de l’UMR PASSAGES et ancien directeur de recherche à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine, Jean-Pierre Augustin était un géographe renommé des cultures urbaines et des loisirs, de l’animation socioculturelle ainsi que des mouvements et organisations d’éducation populaire, de jeunesse et du sport en France, au Canada et en Afrique. Co-fondateur de la revue ATPS et contributeur régulier, son legs est immense et nous vous proposons dans ce numéro une série de textes inspirés de ses travaux.
Communs culturels et revitalisation territoriale : le cas du quartier Saint-Michel à Montréal
Authors: Dambre-Sauvage Laurent , Klein Juan-Luis , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: June 2023

Cet article s’intéresse aux effets territoriaux du tournant participatif des politiques culturelles. Ce tournant se renforce à la faveur de l’évolution générale des modèles de gouvernance qui tentent d’inclure les aspirations de plus en plus affirmées des citoyens à prendre part aux différentes actions et décisions qui les concernent. Nous examinons le cas du quartier Saint-Michel à Montréal, quartier où se met en place une action collective communaliste qui se combine à une action entrepreneuriale liée à l’implantation du Cirque du Soleil dans le quartier. Le quartier est la scène d’un processus de revitalisation qui donne naissance à un commun culturel. Le cas de Saint-Michel permet de voir l’apport de l’approche culturelle communaliste à l’amélioration des milieux de vie des quartiers.
Les navétanes : lieu d’intégration des jeunes et de construction de la citoyenneté
Authors: Dieng Hameth
Published: June 2023

Cette recherche examine la place et le rôle des navétanes, activités sportives informelles pratiquées par des migrants, dans la société sénégalaise. L’objectif visé est de comprendre en quoi ils sont devenus des cadres d’intégration, de construction et de renforcement de la citoyenneté. Outre l’exploitation d’un corpus documentaire, l’étude s’est appuyée sur l’analyse des discours réalisée à partir des entretiens semi-directifs effectués auprès des acteurs de ce mouvement dans la commune de Thiès. Confrontées aux difficultés des cadres traditionnels de socialisation, les populations, et particulièrement les jeunes, trouvent dans les navétanes un lieu d’affirmation de leur identité. Souvent réduits à la dépendance et rarement consultés, les jeunes y voient un moyen de participer activement à la vie sociétale. Les navétanes ne sont pas seulement le lieu où se reflètent des prises de positions éthiques déjà constituées, mais sont aussi le lieu où se construisent de nouveaux liens sociaux.
Évaluation participative des pratiques de médiation culturelle : le programme Parascol’arts – J’ai léz’arts à cœur de Diffusion Mordicus
Authors: Turcotte Sarah , Rouleau Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Cet article présente un projet d’évaluation participative mené entre mars 2022 et avril 2023 au sein d’Artenso, un centre de recherche en art et engagement social affilié au Cégep de Saint-Laurent à Montréal. Le programme d’activités de médiation culturelle Parascol’arts – J’ai léz’arts à cœur, élaboré et offert par l’équipe de Diffusion Mordicus, un organisme culturel situé à Amqui (Bas-Saint-Laurent/Gaspésie), a été analysé en vue de mettre en lumière et d’améliorer sa structure, ses retombées sociales ainsi que son ancrage culturel et territorial. Parallèlement, Artenso a approfondi les connaissances sur l’évaluation participative des pratiques de médiation culturelle.
La médiation artistique au profit des clubs scientifiques
Authors: Nasri Achref
Published: June 2023

La relation entre art et culture scientifique est une entrée inédite pour l’étude d’une communication bilatérale recadrée au sein d’une méthodologie pédagogique de l’animation culturelle au sein des institutions de la jeunesse. Il s’agit de l’éveil et de la mise en évidence de la compréhension et l’interprétation scientifique nées des œuvres d’art et même des simples talents en matière artistique. Deux facettes intimement liées l’une à l’autre, l’art et la culture scientifique se nourrissent des nouvelles perspectives quant à la réflexion sur la médiation artistique et la diffusion de la culture scientifique à partir des clubs d’activités scientifiques.
Diphtheria in Europe
Authors: Mangion J. P. , Mancini S. , Bachy C. , de Weggheleire A. , Zamatto F.
Published: June 2023

A rising number of diphtheria cases were recorded in Europe in 2022, including in Belgium, within the newly arriving young migrant population. In October 2022, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) opened a temporary roadside container-clinic offering free medical consultations.
Over 3 months of activity, the temporary clinic detected 147 suspected cases of cutaneous diphtheria with 8 laboratory-confirmed cases growing toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This was followed by a mobile vaccination campaign, during which 433 individuals living rough in squats
and informal shelters were vaccinated. This intervention has shown how even in Europe’s capital, access to preventive and curative medical services remains difficult for those who need it the most. Appropriate access to health services, including routine vaccination, are crucial to improve
the health status among migrants.
Analysis of the Indian Government’s position on the use of asbestos and its health effects
Authors: Singh R. , Frank A. L.
Published: June 2023

Based on WHO guidance, all forms of asbestos are a health risk. In India, the mining of asbestos has been stopped, but chrysotile (a type of asbestos) is still imported and processed in large quantities. Chrysotile is mainly used for asbestos-cement roofing, and the manufacturers claim
its use to be safe. We sought to understand the Indian Government’s position on the use of asbestos. To do so, we have analysed the replies of the executive wing of the Indian Government to questions on asbestos in the Indian Parliament. This revealed that, despite a mining ban, the
government has defended the import, processing and continued use of asbestos.
Governança corporativa e Covid-19: desempenho financeiro e de mercado antes e durante a pandemia
Authors: Alencar Maria Raquel Xavier , Feitosa Maria Isabel da Cruz , Leite Ane Caroline Rodrigues , Leal Paulo Henrique , De Oliveira Antonio Rafael Valério , Chagas Milton Jarbas Rodrigues
Published: June 2023

Em janeiro de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) declarava a COVID-19 como emergência de saúde pública. Em tempos de crise, a governança corporativa exerce forte influência em aspectos importantes da organização. Devido a tal importância, criou-se forte expectativa de que empresas inclusas nos segmentos especiais apresentassem melhores resultados quando comparadas a empresas listadas nos segmentos básico/geral (Fragoso, 2019). Dessa forma, é de suma importância comprovar que empresas de segmento especiais apresentam melhor desempenho, especialmente em períodos de crise. Logo, o presente estudo buscou comparar por meio da análise descritiva empresas dos segmentos especiais com empresas dos segmentos básicos, para averiguar se de fato empresas do segmento especial Novo Mercado apresentam melhor desempenho em períodos de crise. Tal análise se deu por meio do cálculo dos índices contábeis: Retorno Sobre os Ativos (ROA) e Retorno Sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (ROE), bem como os índices de mercado Market-to-Book (MB) e Valor de Mercado, tendo ainda como variável adicional o Faturamento Bruto, durante os anos de 2019 e 2020. A partir da análise dos índices, pode-se concluir que empresas listadas nos mais altos níveis de governança corporativa não implica que estão blindadas contra crises e apresentam resultados melhores do que as que não se encontram nessa condição. Com relação ao impacto da pandemia não foi encontrado um padrão nos índices calculados, sendo que, nem todos os índices apresentaram quedas do ano de 2019 para o ano de 2020.
Exploring the application of self-directed and cooperative learning in information systems education: a critical analysis
Authors: Chukwuere Joshua Ebere
Published: June 2023

Learning is a continuous process of acquiring knowledge. Information systems (IS) is a sub-discipline of computing discipline with a focus on providing theory and practical teaching and learning opportunities and experience for students in the area of managing computing resources in an organization and society at large. The application of self-directed and cooperative learning in information systems (IS) education has been an area of interest for researchers and educators. Self-directed learning emphasizes the learner's autonomy, while cooperative learning emphasizes collaboration and communication among learners. This paper presents a critical analysis involving self-directed and cooperative learning in IS education through a rapid review of the application of these learning approaches in IS teaching and learning. This study used a rapid review in searching, identifying, and analyzing relevant peer-review papers in critically analyzing the application of self-directed and cooperative learning in IS teaching and learning process. The analysis was done through a systematic approach reviewing relevant literature and identifying the benefits, challenges, and implications of self-directed and cooperative learning in IS education. The data analysis followed a rapid review approach to reaching the findings. The study revealed the meaning of SDL and CL and their application in IS teaching and learning process. The study also found different models that encourage the application of SDL and CL in IS teaching and learning process. The paper concludes with recommendations for IS educators and suggestions for future studies.
ARCHITECTURAL SAFETY FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACCESSIBILITY
Authors: Szmitkowski Paweł Łukasz
Published: June 2023

The issue of safety of people with special needs is a serious challenge to the security system of thePolish population. This is a multi-faceted issue due to the very broad understanding of the issue ofspecial needs. The actions taken to build it require taking into account both the daily functioningof this social group as well as accepted and unacceptable threats. The issues raised in the articleconcern ensuring the safety of people with special needs by adapting architectural solutions totheir comprehensive functioning in the social environment.
EDUCATION OF POLICE OFFICERS IN QUALIFIED FIRST AID
Authors: Płaczek Adam , Janik Grzegorz
Published: June 2023

The article is an attempt at comparing and evaluating the Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) courseand the Qualified First Aid (QFA) course in terms of their usefulness in the daily service of Polish policeofficers. The research using the diagnostic survey technique was conducted in late 2022 and early 2023based on a survey questionnaire introduced in Google Forms. The research was carried out amongthe personnel of emergency medical teams performing medical rescue activities throughout Poland.As part of the preparation of the research design, it was assumed that a group of these respondentshave the necessary medical qualifications to assess the rescue activities of others. In addition, as partof their profession, the respondents often witness the actions of police officers providing first aid at thescene. The study compiled research material that allowed verifying the research hypothesis adoptedin the deliberations. Nonetheless, the authors are aware of the limitations of the adopted researchmethodology. The final part of the article presents conclusions and recommendations on the directionof proposed changes in police education in the field of qualified first aid.
SECURITY VERSUS THE INCLUSIVE VISION OF THE DIGITAL SOCIETY DETERMINANTS OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF CYBER SECURITY
Authors: Grubicka Joanna Grubicka , Nitka Mateusz
Published: June 2023

An analysis of the security of the state and its citizens in terms of individual critical infrastructuresystems in a situation of threats from cyberspace is one of the topics taken up by the authors ofthis article. As part of an experiment of a research nature conducted among students of the courseCybernetics Engineering, National Security at the Pomeranian Academy in Slupsk and studentsof the course Internal Security at the Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanitiesin Radom, an analysis was carried out of the students opinion of the impact of the phenomenonof cyber-terrorism on the level of national security and actions taken to combat and counteract itwas presented. The article is focused on assessing the incidence of threats to critical infrastructuresystems from cyberspace. The main objective of the study is to identify selected aspects of aninclusive vision of the digital society in terms of forecasting the direction of information flow andstorage management in the opinion of security students of two purposefully selected universities.
THE ROLE OF POLISH POLICE IN THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL PROTECTION
Authors: Kalinowski Romuald
Published: June 2023

The Police are one of the entities involved in the protection and rescue of the population. Fulfillinga leading and auxiliary role in this endeavour, it is an important link in the security and defencesystem of the state. Administration authorities and other executive entities, including crisismanagement structures, create appropriate conditions to ensure this security and protectionin each of the security states. Those entities including the Police were also guaranteed theopportunity to participate in rescue operations organized and conducted by other entities andadministration structures.In times of peace and during a war, the Police play an important role in the implementationof civil protection tasks, including protection and rescue. The activities of this executive entityin this respect remain within the systemic solutions of the State defence system, as well as itsown organizational subsystems. The tasks carried out by the Police are in accordance with theassumptions and the executive capabilities of the relevant forces and organizational structures.
Osmotic laxative versus stimulant laxative in the management of childhood functional constipation
Authors:   KHCMS trainee, Rapareen teaching hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan region of Iraq., Fattah Areen Sarteep , Mousheer Zaher Tahir ,   Consultant pediatrist, C.A.B.P, Rapareen teaching hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan region of Iraq.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Constipation within children is an extremely common problem. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of osmotic and stimulant laxative used to treat functional constipation in children. Methods:This interventional clinical study was conducted between August 2018 till February 2019; at Rapareen Pediatrics Teaching Hospital, in Erbil governorate. One hundred cases, between one to five years of age, were collected. All patients were suffering from functional constipation and fulfilled 2-3 ROME IV criteria. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: one group received osmotic laxatives and the other group received stimulant laxatives. Patients were followed up after 8 weeks and 12 weeks from initial visit. Patient`s medication and response to treatment was reported. Results:The mean age + SD of the stimulant group was 1.98 + 0.90 years, and that of the osmotic group was 2.92 + 1.23 years. Eight weeks after starting treatment, 58% of the patients in the osmotic group had abdominal pain, which was significantly higher than that (36%) of the stimulant group. Significantly higher pro- portion of patients in the osmotic group had increased the dosage of their medications than the stimulant group (40% vs. 20%, respectively). Twelve weeks after the start of the study, the rate of abdominal pain was 34% in the stimulant group and 24% in the osmotic group, but the difference was not significant . Conclusions:Our current study showed no significant differences between stimulant and osmotic laxatives.
Morbidities among babies of diabetic mothers with variable maternal glycemic control
Authors:   MBChB, KBMS Trainee Pediatrics, Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Erbil/Iraq., Hamad Zahrah Jamal , Rabaty Abbas Abdulkadir ,   MBChB, CABP, DCH. Professor of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil/Iraq .
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives:Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications in both the mother and the fetus. Early diagnosis by screening of pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation with proper control of diabetes is essential to reduce these adverse neonatal outcomes. This study aims to determine mor- bidities in infants of diabetic mothers with variable maternal glycemic state in comparison to infants of non-diabetic mothers. Methods:A cross-sectional study (with a comparison group) was carried out at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City, Kurdistan region, Iraq over 6 months period. Fifty neonates of diabetic mothers were compared with 50 neonates of non-diabetic mothers, matched for gestational age and birth weight. Screening and certain investigations, such as blood glucose, serum calcium, total serum bilirubin, Echocardiography were done for both groups. Results: Majority of the mothers (72%) had gestational diabetes. Among various complications found in infants of diabetic mothers, hypoglycemia was the most common one (56%) which was significantly higher than that among infants of non-diabetic mothers (26%). Congenital heart disease was also significantly higher in infants of diabetic mothers (36%) compared to infants of non-diabetic mothers (4%). Conclusions: Morbidities like hypoglycemia,,polycythemia, and congenital anomalies are more common among babies of diabetic mothers when compared to those of non-dia- betic mothers, and they are the most common complications observed.
Flexible intramedullary nail fixation for paediatric tibial diaphysis fractures
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, Tawfeeq Rojgar Anwar ,   Candidate of orthopedic surgery in KHCMS, Saeed Omer Ameen ,   M.B.Ch.B/ F.I.C.M.S.Orthop; Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon; College of Medicine/ Hawler Medical University
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives:Paediatric tibial diaphysis fractures were usually treated by conservative treatment with- out surgery. Nowadays, flexible intramedullary nails are frequently used in these fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of this technique and to evaluate the results regarding the union rate and postoperative com- plications. Methods:This study included 48 patients aged between 5 and 15 years. Forty-six cases had unilateral tibial diaphysis fractures and 2 cases had bilateral fractures. All the patients were treated with closed flexible intramedullary nailing. The study was done prospectively over a period of 2.5 years in West Erbil Emergency Hospital with a minimum follow up of 6 months. Results: In our study, the mean age was 8.8 years. The participants consisted of 36 patients (72%) males and 14 (28%) females. Fractures of the distal third of the tibial diaphysis were the most common and accounted for 31 cases (62%), those with middle third fracture were 19 cases (38%) and the upper third were 4 cases (8%). All patients got union with an average of 11 weeks. Nail protrusion and skin irritation were the most common complications, found in 10 patients (20%), and reoperation was done in three of them by cutting tip of the nail. Conclusion:Flexible intramedullary nails are effective and minimally invasive method for treatment of paediatric tibial diaphysis fractures; they control the length, angulations and rotation, as they provide stability through three points of fixations for each nail.
Prevalence of B12 deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using Metformin in Sulaimani governorate /Kurdistan region of Iraq
Authors:   MBChB, KHCMS board candidate/ Clinical Hematology, Hiwa Hospital., Abubakr Govar Othman , Hasan Kawa Muhamadamin ,   MBChB, MD, FRCP, Internal Medicine/ Clinical Hemtology, Hawler Medical University, Al-Rawy Hisham ,   MBChB, FIBMS, Laboratory Hematologist, Sulaimani University/ Faculty of Medicine., Hamid Sarbast Fakhradin ,   MBChB, MRCP, FRCP, Internal Medicine, Sulaimani University/ Faculty of Medicine.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives:Vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, es- pecially those using Metformin for a long period of time. The aim of this study was to determine the association and prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among Kurdish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin therapy and its associated clinical complications. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Diabetes and Endocrine Center of Sulaimani city. Data, including past medical history, medication history and blood samples, were collected from 223 participants to measure fasting blood sugar, blood cells counts, HbA1c, renal function and serum B12 level. Results: This study found a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency, 24.6% in patients with type 2 dia- betes mellitus on Metformin therapy. There was a significant difference between mean B12 levels of those with B12 deficiency (145.24 ± 32.88 pg/ml) and those with normal serum B12 level (387.62 ±281.44 pg/ml). No relationship existed between vitamin B12 levels and the dose and duration of metformin use. However, there was a statically significant relationship between serum vitamin B12 and peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions: Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients using Metformin is high, but there is no significant effect of the dose and duration of Metformin exposure on B12 concentration. Additionally, there’s a significant relationship between the presence of neuropathy and B12 level.
The validity of clinical examination in screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip among infants aged less than six months
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B. Trainee at KHCMS (Family Medicine), Alswari Dalal Ihsan , Yacoub Selwa Elias ,   Assistant Professor. M.B.Ch.B, DCM, FICMS/FM. Trainer at KHCMS /Erbil/Iraq, Sanaan Rajab Hassan ,   M.B.Ch.B., MSc., BFM (Netherland). Lecturer in the University of Duhok/ College of Medicine
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a challenging condition, requiring screening for early diagnosis. This study was conducted to assess the validity of clinical screening tests of developmental dysplasia of the hip among infants aged less than 6 months. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the center of early detection of childhood disability, Duhok City, Iraq for the period from April 2018 to February 2019. A convenience sample of 100 infants aged less than 6 months, who were referred to orthopedic surgeon in this center were included. Three clinical examination tests were conducted followed by ultrasonography of the hip joints. Results: Out of 100 infants, 59 (59%) were detected by ultrasonography to have Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip; 39% had unilateral and 20% bilateral ones. Barlow test was found to have the highest sensitivity, 49.15%, with a specificity of 85.37%, positive predictive value was 82.86%, and negative predictive value was 53.85%, compared to that of Ortolani test: 30.51%, 82.93%, 72.0%, and 45.33%, respectively. Galeazzi test reported to have the lowest sensitivity (8.47%), with both specificity and positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 43.15%. Female gender was significantly associated with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in infants, with female to male ratio of 1.6:1. Conclusions: Barlow test is the clinical test of the highest sensitivity and good specificity for the screening of infant Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Because of the high false negative results of the three clinical screening tests, further assessment with ultrasound is recommended.
Dietary habits among type 2 diabetic patients in Erbil City
Authors:   Community medicine trainee, Kurdistan Board of Medical Specialties (KHCMS), Saber Sultan Sameer , Hassan Maaroof Tahseen ,   Assist. Prof. Vice president of Kurdistan Board of Medical Specialties (KHCMS), Ismael Sherzad Ali ,   Ass. Professor of Community Medicine, the Dean of Public Health Faculty/ KHCMS
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Dietary modification is the cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to explore the dietary behavior of type 2 diabetic patients, along its association with glycemic control and sociodemographic factors and their perceived obstacles to follow diabetic dietary regimens. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, from December 2017 to December 2018. In this study, 344 type 2 diabetic patients, who were attending Leila Qasim Center for diabetes care, were recruited. Patients who were ?18 years and diagnosed at least for one year were enrolled. Data were collected through direct interview based on the questionnaire. Dietary behavior was assessed through modified UK Diabetes and Diet Question- naire. Results: Out of all enrolled patients, 85.5% of them had unsatisfactory dietary habits. Adherence to whole grain and fish consumption were 2.9% and 5.5%, respectively, which had the lowest rate of dietary adherence. Only 24.4% of patients had their glycosylated hemoglobin level below 7%. Statistically significant association was found between dietary habits and glycemic control. Females tend to have more dietary adherence than males (16% vs 12.3%); how- ever, there was no statistically significant association between gender and age with dietary habits. Lack of palatability was perceived as the main barrier for dietary adherence by the patients. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic patients had low adherence to the recommended diet. The educational level and source of dietary advice were significantly associated with adherence. The dietary adherence of the patients was inversely associated with their glycosylated hemoglobin.
The presentation and outcome of pneumonia in neonates: a case series study
Authors:   MBChB, KHCMS Trainee Pediatrics, Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Erbil/Iraq, Rasul Parween Muhammad , Zangana Kawes Omar Hamad ,   M.B.Ch.B. DCH, FIBMS Pediatric Assist. Professor, college of medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil/Iraq
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Pneumonia is defined as inflammation of the lung parenchyma. The aim of this study is to identify types of neonatal pneumonia (congenital or acquired), presentations and outcome. Methods: This study is a case series study done in the neonatal care unit of both Rapareen Teaching Hospital and Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City from August 2018 to March 2019. Fifty cases were enrolled, including preterm, term and post-term neonates who were diagnosed as pneumonia. Majority of cases were treated with empirical antibiotics (ampicillin plus cefotaxime or ampicillin plus gentamycine), and we followed them till discharge in order to know the outcome of them (alive or dead). Results: Fifty neonates with neonatal pneumonia were included in this study. Their mean age + SD were 13 + 6.76 days, ranging from 2 to 29 days, the majority of neonates (74%) were males and 80% were acquired pneumonia. Among admitted neonates, 70% presented with respiratory distress. Death rate was higher in late-onset pneumonia. Conclusions: We confirmed that acquired pneumonia, is more prevalent than congenital pneumonia, most of them presented by respiratory distress. The death rate was more in male neonates, premature, low birth weight neonates and among neonates who presented with apnea.
Postoperative clinical and radiological assessment of patients with developmental dysplasia of hip after open reduction and salter osteotomy
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, Saeed Samad Muhamad ,   Specialty: Orthopedic surgery,   Training center: Erbil Teaching Hospital, Reda Zainab Abdul Wahab Muhamad ,   M.B.Ch.B, F.I.B.MS.Ortho; Specialty: Orthopedic surgery; Training center: Erbil Teaching Hospital
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Developmental dysplasia of the hip is one of the most important and challenging conditions in pediatric orthopedics. If not diagnosed and treated on time, it leads to remarkable morbidity. This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of open reduction and Salter osteotomy in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip . Methods: In this trial, a total of 30 children aged 18 months - 6 years of both genders who were diagnosed with Developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent open reduction and Salter osteotomy and were followed up for one year for clinical and radiological improvements. Results: The median age of the patients was 3.0, ranging from 18 months - 6 years. The study showed that 26 (86.7%) and 27 (90.0%) of patients obtained normal hip locations following six months and one year, respectively. The overall final clinical results were excellent in 15 patients (50.0%), good in 9 (30.0%), fair in 3 (10.0%), and poor in 3 (10.0%) following six months of the surgery. One of the patients with grade II hip dislocation converted to grade III according to Tönnis classification following one year. No avascular necrosis of the ossific nucleus was seen in most of the cases. However, two of the patients with no sign of avascular necrosis converted to avascular necrosis grade III according to Kalamchi classification following one year. Conclusions: The study suggests that the operative treatment of developmental dysplasia of hip following the walking age is an effective procedure to obtain satisfactory results.
Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among renal failure patients whom underwent hemodialysis or renal transplantation; a local study
Authors:   KHCMS trainee of urology, Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Sufi Khalid Ismael , Gazala Shawqi George ,   M.B.Ch.B, MRCS, LRCP, FRCS Ed. , FRCS Ld. Consultant Urologist, Hawler medical university College of Medicine, Department of Urology, Toma Tarq Aziz ,   M.B.Ch.B, C.A.B.U, lecturer Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine, Department of Urology, Karim Yadgar Abduljabbar ,   M.B.Ch.B, F.I.B.M.S (urology), lecturer Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine, Urology Department
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Renal failure is considered as a risk for erectile dysfunction, and habitually the causes are polygenic including those that are vasculogenic, neurologic, endocrinologic, psychological, biochemical, and pharmacologic. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its degree of severity in kidney transplant patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 41 male patients in Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Zheen International Hospital, over 18 years of age, with end-stage renal disease, bearing a functioning kidney transplant at least 3 months post-renal transplant and were attending the transplant clinic from 1st September 2018 to 30th April 2019 (group one). A control group was selected consisting of age-matching patients on hemodialysis (group two). Patient`s characteristics, blood tests, and international index of erectile function were evaluated. Results: Totally; 76 patients were included consisting of 41 renal transplant recipients and 35 patients on hemodialysis. About 80% of hemodialysis patients and 39% of renal transplant recipient patients complained from erectile dysfunction Renal transplant recipient group had statistically significant lower erectile dysfunction as compared with hemodialysis group. Diabetes mellitus, anemia, neuropathy were more likely to be observed in those with erectile dysfunction compared to potent transplant, the severity of erectile dysfunction increased with aging. Conclusions: in spite of successful renal transplantation, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction remains high. Age, anemia and presence of diabetes and/or peripheral neuropathy were shown to be the main variables associated with erectile dysfunction in the renal transplant recipients.
Dermoscopic (Onychoscopic) findings of various nail disorders among patients attending dermatology-teaching center in Sulaymaniyah city
Authors:   M.B.CH.B. University of Sulaimani, College of Medicine.Sulaymaniyah dermatology teaching center, Qadir Paiman Ahmed Kwekha , Elethawi Ali Mozan Dhahir ,   M.B.Ch. B, CABD, FIBMS, Assist. Prof. University of Sulaimani, College of Medicine. Director of KHCMS Sulaymaniyah Center
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: The term onychoscopy have recently been introduced to define the use of dermoscopy in nail disorders, which is the dermoscopic examination of nail unit and its components. With onychoscopy, many nail signs can be magnified and combined with clinical examination to reach a diagnosis, it aids in avoiding the need of nail biopsy. Aim of this study is to describe the onychoscopic features of the most important nail disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study of 99 patients with various nail lesions conducted over a period of 9 months. All participants subjected to complete medical history, general and skin examination. Dermoscopic examination of the affected nails performed by a handheld Dermlite DL4 device of (10-20) power of magnification and the findings re- corded. Results: The most frequent onychoscopic findings were longitudinal striation in 93 % of onychomycosis cases, splinter hemorrhage and onycholysis with erythematous border in 94% of psoriasis cases, round homogenous pigment pattern, streaked distal end in 100% of subungual hematoma patients and multiple brown-black small dots in 100% of periungual wart cases. Conclusions: This study showed that onychoscopy could be considered as a non-invasive and easily accessible tool for reinforcing clinical diagnosis of certain nail disorders. Onychoscopy can aid in decreasing the number of unnecessary investigations, including nail culture and biopsy.
Trichoscopic findings of various cicatricial alopecia among patients attending Shahid Jabar Dermatology and Venereology Teaching Center in Suleymaniyah City
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B., Sulaimani University, College of Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology Teaching Center / Sulaimani., Mohammed Muheddin Abubakir , El-Ethawi Ali Mozan Dhahir ,   M.B.Ch.B, FICMS, Assist. Prof. University of Sulaimani, College of Medicine, Sulaimaniyah Dermatology and Venereoplogy Training Center Manager.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Cicatricial alopecia is a group of uncommon disorders of the hair follicle with many causes that can lead to hair destruction of either primary or secondary causes. Trichoscopy is a quick and non-invasive tool that help to establish diagnosis of different types of cicatricial alopecia. The aim of the study was to assess the dermoscopic features of various cicatricial alopecias. Methods: Twenty-five patients were included in this study with various types of cicatricial alopecias. Full history and examination was done for all patients. Dermoscopic examination was done for all patients but histopathological examination was done for the patients that required confirmation of the diagnosis when necessary by Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results: The result of this study dermoscopically revealed that 12 patients had lichen planopilaris (48.0%), 6 had discoid lupus erythematosus (24.0%), 6 had dissecting cellulitis (24.0%) and one patient had pseudopelade of Brocq (4.0%). Absence of follicular opening was a constant dermoscopic feature in all types of cicatricial alopecia participated in this study. Perifollicular erythema was noticed in 72.0% of patients. Enlarged branching vessel was present in 68.0%, followed by peripilar cast, hair tufting, keratotic plug and blue-gray dots represented by 52.0%, 48.0%, 48.0%, and (48.0%), respectively. Conclusions: Scalp Trichoscopy is a useful method to help establish the diagnosis of various cicatricial alopecia, yet histopathological examination remains the core diagnostic test.
Psoriasis in children: clinical features and treatment modalities in Erbil city
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, High Diploma (Dermatology and Venereology), KHCMS Trainee, Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center., Mohammed Hussein Mahmood , Saeed Mohammed Yousif ,   Assist. Prof. M.B.Ch.B, FIBMS (Dermatology), ISDS, ESLDC, University of Sulaimani, college of Medicine. Head of Sulaimani Dermatology Teaching Center.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the skin, nails, and joints. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical features and treatment modalities of psoriasis in children in Erbil city. Methods: A descriptive, case review study was conducted on children with psoriasis attending the Erbil Dermatology training center and Raparin pediatric hospital in Erbil city during the period between 1st of September 2018 and 30th of April 2019. Patients with psoriasis, with age ranged from birth to 18 years and of both sexes were allocated by convenient sampling method. Results: A total of 107 children with psoriasis were examined. The male to female ratio was 0.9:1. The majority of patients (39.3%) had an onset of psoriasis between the ages of 6 and 10 years and only 6 patients (5.4%) were less than 1 year. Plaque type psoriasis was the most frequent type at the time of presentation. The scalp was the most common initial site affected. Most of the patients (88.8%) had less than 5% of their skin affected by psoriasis. Only 33 (30.8%) patients had a positive family history. Pitting was the most common nail change. Topical steroids were the most frequently used; 91(85.1%) patients, while keratolytics like topical salicylic acid and urea by 49 (45.8%) of patients. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that children with psoriasis usually presented with mild disease, the plaque type psoriasis is predominating and topical steroids therapy is the mainstay treatment for localized disease.
The perceptions and attitudes of medical doctors towards family medicine in Duhok City-Iraq
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B. Trainee of Kurdistan Higher Council of Family Medicine, Taher Haval Ali , Dauod Ali Shakir ,   JBFM, Ph.D., MSc, M.B.Ch.B. Assist. Prof. of Family Medicine Department of Community Medicine. College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University Erbil, Iraq.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Family physicians have an important role in the management of personal and family-associated health conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of medical specialists’ doctors towards family medicine and family practice as a discipline. Methods: A total of 150 doctors working in Duhok governorate were asked to present their opinions on professional characteristics and factors influencing the doctors’ opinions about family medicine and practice. Results: The mean age of medical doctors was 39.21 (SD: 6.22 years) with mean years of experience were 14.13 years. Majority of the participants were males (86.7%), and most of them working in both public and private sectors (84.7%). About two-third of participants (64.7%) agreed that the family medicine had a high level of scientific prestige equivalent to other specialties (61.3%) and that family practice is an interesting specialty from a research perspective (74.0%). A lower percentage (42.0%) reported that the specialty has a high status within the medical fields. However, a small percentage reported that can obtain a high salary (20%) if they were family physician. The most important factor that had an impact on the doctor’s opinion for family medicine selection was their experiences during the study (67%). The agreement of the doctors with different specialties towards the high salary of family medicine compared to other medical specialties was not significantly different. Conclusions: Most of the doctors in various disciplines emphasized that family medicine has an essential role in the management of a wide range of medical conditions with a critic on low salary.
AB "ORLEN Lietuva" environmental situation
Authors:   Šiaulių valstybinė kolegija / Šiauliai State Higher Education Institution, Lithuania, Anužis Jurgis ,   Student of Environmental Protection study program, Petraškienė Violeta ,   Šiaulių valstybinė kolegija / Šiauliai State Higher Education Institution, Lithuania; Lecturer at the Department of Engineering Sciences
Published: June 2023

The article analyses the environmental problems created by the oil refining company AB "ORLEN Lietuva" – pollution of air, soil and water, and measures to reduce pollution are analysed. The general characteristics of the company and the research area are presented, the main oil refining processes are analysed, and hazardous chemicals are described. The methodology of air and soil sampling is presented in detail. The results of the conducted air, water and soil pollution tests showed that the air pollution did not exceed the limit values of the determined concentration, the wastewater treatment meets the requirements, and no cases of contamination were found. However, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded the background pollution in several soil areas. Keywords: environmental protection, oil refining, pollution, AB "ORLEN Lietuva".