bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy and distribution of living species of the genus Lenticulina in Icelandic waters
Authors: Gudmundsson Gudmundur
Published: January 2025

Taxonomy of seven large and little-known large species of Lenticulina Lamarck, 1804 in Icelandic waters (753,000 km2) is revised and their spatial distribution is documented in relation to temperature, depth, and salinity. Knowledge of Lenticulina in Recent sediments of the North Atlantic, relies mainly on studies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that used large volume samplers. Since then, species of Lenticulina in the studied area, have nearly completely evaded all subsequent studies, as these have focused on quantitative studies using small volume samplers. This study analysed 879 dredge samples where seven Lenticulina species occurred in 238 samples, comprising 1,239 specimens. Species descriptions are revised and illustrated with high resolution photographs of micro- and megalospheric generations. The species are absent from the Arctic (-1°C) deep-water basins north of the GSR (Greenland-Scotland Ridge) but are frequent in the temperate shallow and deep-water masses of the North Atlantic south of the GSR. The distributional ranges of the species are grouped into four ecological types: (1) Lenticulina novangliae and Lenticulina torrida span a wide range of depth, temperature, and salinity. (2) Lenticulina glabrata and Lenticulina gibba are most frequent in shallow and temperate waters north off Iceland. (3) Lenticulina atlantica and Lenticulina dorbignii are present in the shallow waters south and west off Iceland. (4) Lenticulina occidentalis is restricted to deep waters south of the GSR. It is found unlikely that more species of Lenticulina will be discovered in the area using the present methodology.
Unilocular hyaline foraminifera of the “Fornasini Collection” at the Giovanni Capellini Geological Museum (Italy)
Authors: Vaiani Stefano Claudio , Borsetti Anna Maria
Published: January 2025

Carlo Fornasini (1854-1931) was an eminent Italian micropaleontologist who left his extensive collection of foraminifera to the Giovanni Capellini Geological Museum of the University of Bologna (Capellini Museum) between the late 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. This collection, largely stored in the museum’s repository, has never been studied. In order to assess its content and preservation, an analysis of the collection was conducted. Moreover, unilocular hyaline foraminifera, which Fornasini had dedicated several researches in his long career, were selected and studied. These analyses revealed that out of the over 500 micropaleontological preparations labeled by Fornasini (mainly from Italian Pliocene sediments), 74 are empty, and many holotypes of the 69 taxa he described are missing. Regarding the unilocular hyaline foraminifera described by Fornasini, two holotypes were rediscovered (Fissurina sacculus and Hyalinonetrion clavatum var. exilis), while four neotypes were selected from his samples (Fissurina bradyana, Fissurina calostoma, Parafissurina felsinea, Parafissurina triaculeata). A comparison between the type figures and the specimens in the collection revealed that Lagenosolenia seguenziana, reported by Fornasini as a “new name” for Fissurina marginata Seguenza, should be considered a new species, and a neotype was chosen for it. Unfortunately, it was not possible to select neotypes for the other three species of unilocular hyaline foraminifera described by Fornasini (Fissurina acutissima, Fissurina bicarinata var. placentina, and Fissurina compresso-marginata). Overall, from Fornasini’s material, a total of 52 taxa of unilocular hyaline foraminifera were recognized and illustrated, revealing a variety of species previously unobserved in the Mediterranean Pliocene, at least to the best of our knowledge. Finally, a new species, Lagena catii, was described and dedicated to the colleague who, between the 1950s and 1970s, did more than anyone else to preserve the collection.
Distribution of benthic foraminifera from carbonate atolls in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea: Louisa and Royal Charlotte Reefs
Authors: Goeting Sulia , Shahrin Fyfee , Kocsis Laszlo , Roslim Amajida , Baumgartner-Mora Claudia , Briguglio Antonino
Published: January 2025

The Spratly Islands are located in a vast area with numerous coral reefs in the South China Sea within the highly biodiverse Indo-Pacific region. Benthic foraminifera were investigated from two unstudied, remote atolls: Louisa Reef (LR) and Royal Charlotte Reef (RC). These atolls are about 250 kilometers off Brunei Darussalam, situated at the northern coastline of Borneo. We compare diversity and distribution of the benthic foraminifera from these atolls with those reported from shallow water setting in Brunei. Environmental conditions nearshore Brunei is very different due to strong influence of riverine runoff resulting in eutrophic and siliciclastic conditions, whereas the atolls are oligotrophic, and carbonate dominated. The composition and diversity of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) clearly reflects such environmental differences. The most common species of LBF in the atolls are Calcarina defrancei, C. hispida, Amphistegina lobifera, A. radiata, Amphisorus hemprichii, and Parasorites orbitolitoides. The smaller benthic foraminifera are less abundant and much less species were recovered, still there are common taxa such as Tretomphaloides concinnus and Textularia agglutinans. The soritids, are common in the carbonate atolls, but are very rare in the nearshore Brunei: in fact, only the species Amphisorus hemprichii was found in two shallow reefs so far (Telesai and Hornet reefs, western part of Brunei coast). The results obtained also indicate that the dominant LBF species found in the atolls show different depth distribution with respect to the nearshore species. Despite the two atolls are characterized by comparable environmental conditions and are 70 kilometers apart, data show several differences in the benthic foraminifera community structure. By comparing data from the two atolls and the nearshore Brunei fauna, we can draw attention to the questions of LBF migration patterns and strategies that are here discussed: the interpretation points to a species-specific adaptation capacity probably resulting from different colonization events over time.
Flabellogaudryina n.gen, a new agglutinated foraminiferal genus from the Eocene of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kaminski Michael A. , Korin Asmaa
Published: January 2025

The newly discovered genus Flabellogaudryina Kaminski and Korin, n.gen., with its type species Flabellogaudryina sirhanensis Kaminski and Korin, n.sp., is described from the middle to upper Eocene Rashrashiyah Formation of the Sirhan–Turayf Basin in northern Saudi Arabia. The genus is defined by its triserial-to-biserial chamber arrangement, exhibiting distinct flattened, flabelliform biserial chambers, arched sutures, a coarsely agglutinated, canaliculate wall structure visible along the suture lines, and an areal opening encircled by a low rim or collar. These morphological characteristics differentiate Flabellogaudryina n.gen. from other representatives of the subfamily Pseudogaudryininae. High-resolution imaging reveals pseudopores in the test wall, which probably enhanced gas exchange and offered structural stability in the low-energy, outer neritic to upper bathyal depositional setting of the Rashrashiyah Formation. The species has adapted to the local geological and geochemical conditions, as evidenced by its coarsely agglutinated wall that contains selectively chosen sedimentary particles that include other foraminifera. This study highlights the taxonomic and paleoecological importance of Flabellogaudryina n.gen. in reconstructing Eocene outer neritic to upper bathyal depositional environments and aids in understanding evolutionary patterns within the subfamily Pseudogaudryininae.
Crotalia jafari: a new weakly calcified holococcolithophore genus and species from the Southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Patil Shramik , Mohan Rahul , Gazi Sahina , Ghadi Pooja , Crosta Xavier
Published: January 2025

We here describe a distinctive weakly calcified holococcolithophore Crotalia jafari gen. et sp. nov. from the Southwest Indian Ocean phytoplankton. The coccospheres of Crotalia jafari measure 8–15 ?m in diameter, and possess 430–538 coccoliths, with each coccolith measuring less than 1 ?m in diameter. The coccoliths are tightly attached to each other by an organic layer. Their central area appears open. Finger-shaped extensions are present in the peripheral coccoliths, and stretch from the hexagonal surface layer towards the basal plate. The basal plate is flat and composed of irregular wall fabric. The crystallites of the coccoliths are small. These morphological features make this holococcolithophore unique among the extant and fossil coccolithophores. The described species is therefore placed into the new genus ‘Crotalia’. This study also suggests that high diversity of weakly calcified (and still undescribed) holo- and heterococcolithophores may exist in the Southern Ocean, which requires additional careful observation.
Sedación y anestesia general en odontopediatría, ¿Cómo y cuándo?
Authors: Vivero Couto Lara , Hernández Juyol Miguel , Beltri Orta Paola , Vidal Lekuona Elena , Planells del Pozo Paloma
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The possibility of offering dental care under sedation or general anesthesia is increasingly requested by parents or guardians, particularly in pediatric or special needs patients, due to difficulties in communication and poor cooperation with treatment. Objectives: This narrative literature review was conducted with the aim of determining the indications for sedation and/or general anesthesia for dental treatment in children, as well as describing the different options for sedation or general anesthesia, and establishing criteria for the discharge of patients treated under sedation or general anesthesia. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using the keywords "pediatric dentistry," "conscious sedation," and "general anesthesia," with the filter "published in the last 10 years." Relevant publications on the subject, including review articles or observational or cross-sectional studies, were included. Publications on adult patients, as well as case reports, were excluded. Results: Twenty-nine publications were included in this review. Conclusions: The indication for a specific degree of sedation or general anesthesia will depend on the patient's level of cooperation, medical history, and the extent of the dental treatment required. The main risks of these procedures include respiratory alterations and allergic reactions, among others. After the procedure, the patient will be monitored until discharge criteria are met before discontinuing observation.
Evaluation of Penicillin Binding Protein 2a (PBP-2a) Latex Agglutination Assay for Rapid Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Blood Culture Growth
Authors: Bushra Riffat , Naqvi Sakeenah Hussain , Mirza Irfan Ali , Imtiaz Anam , Sajjad Rabia , Gill Maria Mushtaq
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine in vitro activity of Penicillin Binding Protein 2a Latex Agglutination Assay for Rapid Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from positive blood culture growths.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Jan to Jun 2022.
Methodology: Staphylococcus aureus isolates were taken from a subculture of blood culture samples flagged positive by the BactAlert automated blood culture system. A total of 107 isolates were included in the study. A latex agglutination assay was used to identify Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and non-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The Cefoxitin disc diffusion test also tested the isolates, keeping it the reference method.
Results: Out of 107 samples, 92 isolates were identified as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination and Cefoxitin disc diffusion. The rest of the isolates were identified as Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion: The latex agglutination assay is a highly sensitive, cost-effective, less time-consuming, and accurate test that may be used in routine laboratories for rapid identification of staphylococcus aureus isolates as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Acute Appendicitis with Unexpected Atypical Findings – A Case Report
Authors: Malik Afrah , Niaz Asif , Ahmad Ejaz , Younas Muhammad Tahir
Published: January 2025

An aberrant position of the appendix may present with atypical abdominal pain; however, in our case, right hypochondrial pain was associated with surprising incidental findings. We present a unique case that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in previous literature.  A 35-year-old female came to the Emergency Department with a four-day history of RUQ pain. Examination revealed tender right hypochondrial with the palpable liver. Ultrasound showed a solid cystic hyperechoic lesion 9.9 x 8.9 x 13.8 cm in the liver. To further investigate, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen showed a non-enhancing, well-demarcated ovoid mixed density area in the right posterior upper abdomen with the internal layering of its contents having characteristics concerning a retroperitoneal teratoma and a retrocausal appendix with significant surrounding inflammatory changes (Figure). The patient then underwent a laparotomy, appendectomy, and teratoma removal. She recovered well without any complications. Hence, clinicians should be aware of rare causes of abdominal pain that require advanced investigations to prevent delays in diagnosis.
Modification of Surgical Instruments: A Need of the Hour
Authors: Ghulam Rasool Tariq  , Rehman Saqib Ur , Uzma Rasool
Published: January 2025

Objective: To modify some basic surgical instruments for surgeon comfort and better operative results without compromising patient safety.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Tarbela Pakistan, from Aug 2022 to July 2023.
Methodology: A total of 100 patients needing various surgical procedures were included in the study. Four commonly used instruments, i.e., Needle Extractor, Deaver Liver Retractor, Mayos’ Needle Holder and Spermatic Cord Holding Forceps, were picked up for modification. A blacksmith modified them in Tarbela under the direct supervision of the 1st author who conceptualised them. Then, they were practically tested by the 2nd author in Combined Military Hospital Tarbela on 100 patients for Needle Extractors, 20 for Liver Retractor, 12 patients for Angled Needle Holder and 25 for Cord Forceps. The 3rd author did the graphic design. Their functioning was graded/categorised into excellent, good, satisfactory and poor, considering surgeon comfort and patient safety.
Results: Excellent functioning (100%) of almost all instruments was achieved with surgeon comfort and patient safety in mind, except for the Liver Retractor, which needs a little further modification/alteration for optimal operative results.
Conclusion: Emphasis is given to the modification of surgical instruments by the young budding surgeons who have ample potential for that and need encouragement in this regard.
Role of Radiology in Diagnosis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Jamil Nauman , Jahangir Ahmad Afridi  , Muhammad Khan  , Kamran Zamurrad Malik  , Faisal Manzoor  , Bhalli Naeem Riaz
Published: January 2025

Objective: Investigate the role of serrated turbinates, radiographic abnormalities, and existing literature in aiding the diagnosis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis (AFS).
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: ENT Department Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Jan 2020 to July 2023.
Methodology: One hundred and twenty individuals with computerized tomography scans were included. Patients identified as having Allergic Fungal Sinusitis (AFS) following tests for allergies and/or fungi were placed in the first group, while those identified as having rhinosinusitis (other than AFS) were placed in the second group. CT scans were examined for polyps, bone degradation, the serrated appearance of the turbinate, and CT hyper-density.
Results: While comparing the radiology of AFS and non-AFS, it was discovered that the presence of serrated turbinate was prevalent in AFS (p<0.05), with no differences in terms of bone degradation, polyps, or CT hyper-density (p>0.05). The mean age was 36.81±11.24 years. There were 120 patients; 86(72%) were AFS (-ve), and 34(28%) were AFS (+ve) individuals. Out of them, 19(16%) of the AFS (+ve) patients were females, whereas 15(12%) were males.
Conclusion: Serrated turbinates may serve as helpful radiological signals in the diagnosis of AFS. For assessing bone erosion in relation to other structural changes, it is important to specify bone density for sinus opacification.
Antibiotics in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Outcomes in Single versus Multiple Dose Phylaxis in Terms of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Arslan , Butt Muhammad Qasim , Ghani Usman , Azeem Mansoor Tariq , Farooq Muhammad Zain , Malik Ishel Farid
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To study the frequency of surgical site infections post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients receiving a full course of post-operative antibiotics versus a single stat per-operative dose.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Jan to Dec 2020.
Methodology: The quasi experimental study involved a total of 798 patients who were planned to undergo Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. The recruited participants were put into two groups with 399 patients in group-A and 399 patients in group-B. Group-A received a single dose of Ceftriaxone 1g at the time of surgery while group-B received the same drug twice daily for three days. All patients were followed up for two weeks. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0.
Results: A total of 13(1.6%) patients developed surgical site infections in group-A, while 14(1.7%) occurred in group-B. Of these 5(0.6%) and 8(1.0%) were port site infections, 4(0.5%) and 3(0.3%) patients had fever with no localizing sign, 4(0.5%) and 3(0.3%) developed sub-diaphragmatic abscesses, in group-A and B, respectively. Only one case of peritonitis was seen in group-B, in the whole study. No statistical difference was seen between either group at any point.
Conclusion: Administration of a single dose peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis was not associated with an increase in surgical site infection when compared to multiple dose prophylaxis in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Correlation between Prostatic Volume and International Prostatic Symptom Score in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Sadiq Hafsa , Bilal Rizwan , Shafique Mobeen , Waqar Sana , Ghazanfar Qurat Ul Ain , Azam Sehrish
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the correlation between transabdominal ultrasound prostatic volume and International Prostatic Symptom Score in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2020 to Apr 2021.
Methodology: Forty five patients were enrolled after taking informed consent. Detailed history was taken and all patients were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score. Findings were noted on a predesigned proforma after which all patients were prepared for transabdominal ultrasound in order to achieve bladder volume of at least 50 to 99 ml. Subsequently, transabdominal ultrasound was carried out for determining the volume of the prostate and all findings were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: Mean age of patients was 66.6±9.91 years, with the mean International Prostate Symptom Score being 20.53±9.84 and volume of prostate being 59.56±27.18 cc. Five patients (11.1%) had mild symptoms, 15(33.6%) had moderate and 25(55.6%) had severe symptoms. With regards to volume of prostate, Grade I, II, III and IV was seen in 6(13.3%), 7(15.6%), 20(44.4%) and 12(26.7%) patients respectively. Significant positive correlation was seen between prostatic volume and International Prostate Symptom Score as indicated by an r=0.437 and p=0.003.
Conclusion: Transabdominal prostatic volume was found to be significantly correlated with International Prostate Symptom Score, and can be used as an objective assessment of symptoms severity.
Efficacy of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine for Treatment of Hypotension Encountered During Caesarean Section
Authors: Leghari Khursheed Hassan , Ahmed Usman , Hussain Aftab , Munir Ali Arslan , Rana Sumbal , Razzaq Sajid
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine in treating hypotension encountered during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia, Combined Military Hospital, Rawlakot Pakistan, from Sept 2020 to Aug 2021.
Methodology: Hundred (50 in each Group) patients were observed. All patients were preloaded with 15ml/kg Hartmann’s solution ten minutes before giving spinal anaesthesia. Baseline blood pressure was recorded just before administration of spinal anaesthesia, at 1-minute intervals up to 5 minutes, and then every 5 minutes afterwards. When hypotension developed, vasopressors were administered, and blood pressure was noted every minute for three minutes following drug administration. The spinal block using 2ml of 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine was given at L3-L4 interspace with a 27G spinal needle (Quinke). Group-E patients were given 5mg bolus injection of Ephedrine if mean arterial pressure fell below 20% from baseline. Group-P patients were given a 50ug bolus of Phenylephrine if mean arterial pressure fell below 20% from baseline.
Results: Demographic data was comparable in both groups. There was an insignificant difference between Phenylephrine and Ephedrine in terms of treating hypotension, with a p-value of 0.249. Ephedrine was effective in 41(82%) patients and was not effective in 9(18%) patients, whereas Phenylephrine was effective in 45(90%) patients and was not effective in 5(10%) patients.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that Phenylephrine and Ephedrine are equally effective for treating hypotension encountered during spinal anaesthesia.
Continuous Threat of Growing Antimicrobial Resistance Among Salmonella Typhi Isolates: A Multicenter Study from Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Ashfaq , Farooq Muhammad , Satti Muhammad Luqman , Hanif Faisal , Sarwar Saba , Sana Fatima
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine current susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) in four cities of Pakistan and to deduce the frequency of multidrug resistant, extensively drug-resistant S. Typhi.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Microbiology, Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Combined Military Hospital, Sialkot, Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan, from Apr 2019 to Sep 2020.
Methodology: Blood culture specimens of patients with suspected Enteric fever from four different institutes were received in respective laboratories. Culture and identification of isolates were done and specimens yielding growth of S. Typhi, were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines 2019 and 2020.
Results: A total of 970 blood culture specimens yielded growth of S. Typhi. Maximum isolates were found from Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 395(40.7%) followed by Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa, Karachi 366(37.7%). The total number of multidrug resistant isolates were 679 (70%) and extensively drug resistant isolates were 457(47.1%) with maximum number of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant S. Typhi from Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa. Ciprofloxacin susceptible isolates were 50(5.2%) and maximum sensitive isolates were from Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad. Resistance to azithromycin was found in four isolates (0.4%). There were no isolates resistant to meropenem.
Conclusion: Emergence of antibiotic resistance among S. Typhi strains is a threat which emphasizes the importance of surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and amendment of current antibiotic prescribing practices.
Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of Patients with Fast Moving Hemoglobins Diagnosed in a Tertiary Level Laboratory
Authors: Shafaat Syeda Samia , Qasmi Maymoona Suhail , Iqbal Muhammad , Bozdar Manzar , Saad Saima
Published: January 2025

Objective: To analyze hematological and clinical characteristics of fast-moving hemoglobin variants.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from March 2021 to March 2022.
Methodology: A total of 637 patients, enrolled over a period of two years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria comprised of all patients reporting for hemoglobin studies for screening hemoglobin disorders. Sysmex XN 3000 automated hematology analyzer was used to perform complete blood counts, peripheral blood smears were assessed for red blood cell morphology and hemoglobin electrophoresis was done using three parallel techniques.
Results: Fast moving hemoglobins were diagnosed in 12(1.8%) patients, with a male to female ratio of 0.8:1 and mean age of 25.6±15.1 years. Clinical presentations of the patients included anemia in 7(58%) and transfusion history in 3(25%) patients. Peaks of Hb H and J were seen on Sebia capillary zone electrophoresis, in zones of Z15 (20-40 seconds) for Hb H and Z12 (80-100 seconds) for Hb J respectively. Retention times at High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Hb H and Hb J were 0.39 and 0.6 mins respectively. Cellulose acetate membrane revealed fast moving bands in all patients.
Conclusion: Fast moving hemoglobins remain an underdiagnosed entity, needing urgent allocation of resources for assisting patients in diagnosis and management.
Role of Intense Pulse Light Therapy on Dry Eyes in Pakistani Population
Authors: Sameen Murtaza , Shahid Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Rauf Abdul , Ahmad Jawwad , Naimat Khalid
Published: January 2025

Objective: To observe the role of Intense Pulse Light therapy on dry eyes in Pakistani population.
Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Dec 2022.
Methodology: A total of 88 patients with meibomian gland related dry eyes were included in this study, with age ranging between 25-65 years. Intense pulsed light therapy was used to treat Meibomian Gland Dysfunction related dry eyes. Tear film break up time before and after the sessions was recorded on a data collection tool and data analysis was done.
Results: Out of 88 patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction related dry eyes, 60(68.2%) were females and 28(31.8%) were males. Mean age of the patients was 45.5±8.0 years and median tear film break up time (per Intense Pulse Light) was 4(5–3) seconds, whereas median tear film break-up time (post Intense Pulse Light) was increased to 12(13–11) seconds. Follow up was done until 4 months, which showed significant improvement in symptoms of patients. Tear Breakup Time did not improve in 2 patients as they were already on anti-glaucoma treatment (p-value <0.01).
Conclusion: Intense Pulse Light was found to be the safest way of treating Meibomian Gland Dysfunction-related dry eyes which showed significant improvement in patient symptoms.
Zihin Yetersizliği Olan Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Kültürel, Etkileşimsel ve Akademik Deneyimlerinin Aile ve Öğretmen Perspektifinden İncelenmesi
Authors: Hazır Oğuzhan
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki Suriyeli zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin akademik, kültürel ve etkileşimsel deneyimlerini aileleri ve öğretmenleri perspektifinden incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak, Suriyeli zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin öğretmenleri ve ebeveynleri ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Örneklem, özel eğitim sınıflarında okuyan 10 Suriyeli zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencinin 10 öğretmeni ve 10 ebeveyninden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama süreci Ekim-Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler tematik analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, akademik bağlam, kültürel bağlam ve etkileşimsel bağlamlar gibi üç ana tema belirlenmiştir. Bu üç tema altında öğretmenler genel itibariyle dil bariyeri, tercüman problemleri ve ailelerin çocuklarıyla sınırlı düzeyde ilgilenmeleriyle ilgili ve çocuk işçi olmaları, hijyen problemleri, kültürel uyarlama eksiklikleri, velilerin adapte olunca asimile olacağı düşüncesi ve cinsiyet ayrımcılığı üzerine tartışmışlarıdır. Veliler de rehabilitasyon merkezlerinden ücretsiz faydalanamama, cinsiyet ayrımcılığı talep etme, dil bariyeri gibi durumları tartışmışlardır. Sonuç olarak, Suriyeli zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin eğitim süreçlerinde karşılaştıkları zorlukların aşılması için dil destek programlarının artırılması, öğretmenlerin kültürel duyarlılık eğitimi alması ve rehberlik hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
The Role of Maize-Peanut Intercropping in Sustainable Agriculture and Efficiency in Sandy Soil Environments
Authors:   School of Agriculture, SR University, Warangal - 506 371, India, Keerthi Murugesan Mohana
Published: January 2025

Intercropping, the practice of cultivating two or more crops together, offers numerous
advantages, including enhanced resource utilization, increased biodiversity, and improved
yield stability. This review focuses on the intercropping efficiency of maize hybrids and
peanuts under sandy soil conditions, exploring their agronomic, ecological, and economic
benefits. Maize-peanut intercropping has been shown to optimize resource use, improve soil
health, and enhance water use efficiency, peanuts' nitrogen-fixing ability enriches the soil,
reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. The review also highlights the potential for
increased yield, improved pest and disease management, and sustainable agricultural
practices. Key factors such as crop compatibility, growth dynamics, nutrient competition, and
economic returns are discussed. This cropping system offers promising prospects for
sustainable agriculture in sandy soils, contributing to soil fertility, reduced input costs, and
increased farm profitability.
Formas de Tratamento em Português Europeu e Ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE)
Authors: Tang Yanping
Published: January 2025

Forms of address are one of the regulators of interpersonal relationships, being both influenced by and influencing the society in which they are embedded. Based on a literature review, this study aims to analyze the classifications and specificities of forms of address in European Portuguese, including the wide variety of existing forms, the inconsistent use of pronouns such as “você,” and the various sociocultural factors that influence the choice of forms of address. Currently, the growing use of the third-person verb without an expressed subject in the singular stands out, as it has become increasingly popular in communicative situations for not implying any personal trait of the addressee. Characteristics of creativity and informality in the use of forms of address are also observed, stemming from new forms of communication, especially in digital interactions. The study also addresses the main difficulties faced by learners in mastering this aspect of the language, as well as the pedagogical strategies that can be implemented in teaching practice, such as systematic explanations of usage rules, role-playing activities, letter writing, among others. It is concluded that, although forms of address in European Portuguese present characteristics of instability and complexity, addressing them in the context of PLE (Portuguese as a Foreign Language) contributes not only to the development of learners’ oral communication skills but also to the deepening of their intercultural competence.
An Assessment of the Impact of Poor Indoor Air Quality on Public Health in Nigerian Urban Environments; Case Study of FCT, Abuja
Authors: John Agmada Bawa  , Muhammad Ahmed Ismaila
Published: January 2025

Poor indoor air quality (P-IAQ) poses significant challenges to public health, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development, particularly in urban areas of developing countries. This issue aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and intersects with other SDGs. Despite the urgency of the problem, research exploring the interplay between urban air pollution, PIAQ, and health outcomes in healthcare settings remains limited. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024 across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. It examines the impacts of P-IAQ on health outcomes in urban healthcare facilities in Nigeria, focusing on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors such as ventilation, thermal comfort, and air quality. The review identifies that improved indoor air quality significantly enhances patient recovery rates, reduces stress, shortens hospital stays, and boosts the performance of healthcare staff. The study further explores the disparities in health outcomes between purpose-built and retrofitted healthcare facilities, highlighting the combined effects of urban air pollution and IAQ dynamics. Based on these findings, an evidence-informed conceptual framework is proposed, integrating urban air pollution sources, IAQ determinants, and health outcomes. The framework also outlines actionable mitigation strategies, emphasizing the role of building design and urban policies in enhancing IAQ standards in healthcare facilities. The insights from this research provide a critical foundation for advancing sustainable building practices and informed policymaking aimed at mitigating P-IAQ and improving health outcomes in urban environments.
Enhancing Students’ Collaboration in Science through the Implementation of Given, Required, Evaluate, Solution, Answer Cooperative Learning Strategy
Authors: Tambiga Jessielou M. , Ruelan Tessie A. , Baluyos Genelyn R.
Published: January 2025

Through cooperative learning, this action research project aims to improve students’ social skills and provide a friendly and learning-focused classroom environment. Despite the emphasis on scientific education, many students need help to satisfy the requirements of this topic. This study aimed to improve the science collaboration of ninth-grade students by using a classroom-based action research methodology to adopt the Given, Required, Evaluate, Solution, Answer cooperative learning paradigm. Purposive sampling was used to choose thirty-three participants for the A. Y. 2023–2024 in an Ozamiz City private school. Utilizing methods like mean, standard deviation, and t-test, the study employed a test created by the researcher and Minitab statistical software. Before the Given, Required, Evaluate, Solution, and Answer cooperative learning strategy could implemented, 33 students (100.00%) were classified as “boring and difficult” because they did not match the expectations (M =14.455; SD = 2.252). Students are encouraged to solve scientific problems with the assistance of their peers following the use of the Given, Required, Evaluate, Solution, Answer cooperative learning technique. The student’s total performance increased considerably (M = 24.879; SD = 3.498), which may be used to determine whether or not online classes are fostering active learning. The results demonstrated that applying the Given, Required, Evaluate, Solution, Answer cooperative learning technique enhanced student learning experiences in mathematics problem-solving and collaborative scientific learning. This bolsters a suggestion to use this tactic as a teaching approach to improve student cooperation. The study’s conclusions demonstrated how putting the Given, Required, Evaluated, Solution, and Answer cooperative learning technique into practice enhanced learning opportunities and strengthened students’ scientific teamwork. This validates a suggestion for using the cooperative learning approach of Given, Required, Evaluate, Solution, and Answer, which enhances scientific problem-solving.
Education and Cooking Demonstration of Supplementary Food for Toddlers as an Effort to Prevent Stunting in Pegiringan Village, Bantarbolang District, Pemalang Regency
Authors: Singgih Setiawan  , Arditya Prayogi
Published: January 2025

Stunting is one of the public health problems that is still a serious concern in Indonesia, including in Pegirigan Village, Bantarbolang District, and Pemalang Regency. The decline in nutritional quality during the first 1000 days of life (DOL) is one of the leading causes of stunting. This article aims to describe the stunting prevention efforts carried out in Pegirigan Village, focusing on interventions involving families, communities, and the health sector. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation involving health workers, posyandu cadres, and families with toddlers in Pegirigan Village education. The results showed that stunting prevention efforts in this village have included educating children about healthy eating patterns, the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, monitoring child growth, and providing supplementary food for at-risk children. In addition, the active role of posyandu cadres and support from the local government is significant in increasing public awareness about the importance of good nutrition in preventing stunting. However, there are still challenges regarding resource availability and lack of family participation in stunting prevention programs. Therefore, it is necessary to increase coordination between the health, education, and community empowerment sectors to address this problem more effectively.
Makna Lirik dan Analisis Musikal Lagu Gending Sriwijaya
Authors: Johanes Kristianto
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis lagu Gending Sriwijaya baik dari unsur musikal maupun makna pada lirik. Penelitian terhadap Lagu Gending Sriwijaya perlu dilakukan karena lagu ini banyak dinyanyikan dalam acara seremonial di institusi Buddhis, namun belum ada penelitian yang membahas tentang lagu ini, padahal lagu ini syarat nilai-nilai kesejarahan dan spiritual. Lagu Gending Sriwijaya merupakan bagian dari karya musik nusantara yang perlu diarsipkan karena memiliki kecenderungan hanya dituturkan tapi tidak ditulis ke dalam bentuk notasi, untuk itu perlu diarsipkan sebagai upaya pemajuan kebudayaan. Pemaknaan lirik juga perlu dilakukan dalam rangka upaya menginternalisasi nilai-nilai luhur ajaran Sang Buddha yang bersifat universal kepada umat manusia. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan berfokus pada analisis tekstual yang didukung melalui hasil wawancara pada 5 informan sebagai data sekunder. Untuk menginterpretasi makna pada lirik lagu Gending Sriwijaya menggunakan kajian semiotika Roland Barthes, terkhusus makna denotasi dan konotasi. Hasil wawancara informan ditranskrip verbatim dan direduksi, untuk nantinya dapat disajikan kepada pembaca. Hasil yang diperoleh melalui penelitian ini mengungkapkan makna denotasi dan konotasi dari masing-masing bait lagu Gending Sriwijaya, selain itu dari analisis aspek musikal diperoleh bahwa terdapat gerakan mix pada aspek melodi, terdapat pula dua jenis nilai not yang cenderung digunakan dalam lagu ini berupa nilai not satu ketuk dan setengah ketuk, terakhir lagu Gending Sriwijaya memiliki bentuk nyanyian tiga bagian, yang berbentuk A-B-A.
Representasi Visual Nyongkolan dalam Adat Merariq sebagai Ide dan Gagasan Penciptaan Karya Seni
Authors: Christofer Satria  , Antony Anggrawan  , Gunalan Sasih
Published: January 2025

Prosesi nyongkolan pada adat merariq suku Sasak, menjadi proses panting sebagai salah satu aktivitas budaya, yang banyak menjadi sumber gagasan penciptaan karya seni, salah satunya ialah pada bidang seni visual. Kajian dalam tulisan ini, menggunakan teori representasi Stuart Hall dan kombinasi interpretasi dari kritikus Terry Barrett. Kombinasi dua kajian ini akan mengungkapkan bagaimana para seniman merepresentasikan adat nyongkolan dalam prosesi adat merariq menjadi subject matter dalam karya lukisnya. Beberapa temuan dalam tulisan ini, menerangkan bahwa representasi bahasa visual yang digunakan masing-masing perupa memiliki kecenderungan yang beragam dan terdiri dari beberapa tahapan. Masing-masing seniman, I Wayan Pengsong, Lalu Syaukani dan Satar Tacik melalui karyanya menghadirkan representasi tema nyongkolan dalam adat meraih suku Sasak, dengan bahasa ungkap yang dipengaruhi kuat oleh latar belakang psikobiografi masing-masing. I Wayan Pengsong menghadirkan Nyongkolan Tradisi nyongkolan sebagai sebuah budaya yang begitu meriah dengan arak-arakan manusia laki-laki, perempuan, tua dan muda. Keberadaan mempelai yang diarak menggunakan jaran sebagai representasi raja sehari. Komposisi warna, monokromatik, dengan teknik sapuan yang halus (tekstur semu). Lalu Syaukani, menghadirkan tradisi nyongkolan melalui representasi kecantikan dan ketampanan seorang terune sasak melalui berbagai pakaian adat yang digunakan. Satar Tacik menghadirkan tradisi nyongkolan melalui kemeriahan dengan iringan musik dan berbagai jenis iringan dan tarian yang digunakan dalam proses adat tersebut.
Tari Kreasi Aceh sebagai Media Terapi Penurunan Skor Depresi Pasien Gangguan Jiwa di Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Manalu Nadra Akbar , Inas Ghina
Published: January 2025

Depresi merupakan masalah yang muncul karena adanya ketidakseimbangan antara tuntutan dan kemampuan sehingga terjadi gangguan baik Rohani maupun jasmani. Seorang yang mengalami depresi akan mengalami perasaan sedih yang berkepanjangan, sehingga muncul gejala emosional yang tidak stabil, rasa putus asa dan kehilangan minat dalam beraktivitas. Seni merupakan salah satu media terapi yang banyak digunakan dalam menjaga mental seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas tari kreasi Aceh sebagai media terapi yang dapat dilihat dari angka penurunan skor depresi pasien gangguan jiwa di IPWL Yayasan Kayyis Ahsana Aceh pasca terapi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun subjek penelitian yakni pada pasien rawat jalan yang mengalami depresi. Penilaian masing-masing pasien rawat jalan memiliki Skor depresi yang berbeda, dimulai dari gejala depresi, depresi ringan, depresi sedang dan depresi berat. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien depresi di IPWL Yayasan Kayyis Ahsana Aceh yang dipilih menggunakan teknik Cluster Random Sampling dengan gerak tari kreasi Aceh sebagai instrumen. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen pendukung seperti observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa efektifitas tari Kreasi Aceh beserta musik iringan sebagai media terapi terhadap pasien gangguan jiwa mampu melepaskan stress dan menghadirkan kebahagiaan dengan aktivitas gerakan fisik yang dilakukan. Hal-hal yang didapatkan pasien diantaranya relaksasi dan pengurangan stress, ekspresi emosi, penyembuhan diri, keterlibatan sosial pembelajaran dan pertumbuhan pasien.
RELEVANSI PEMIKIRAN BUYA YAHYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN MODERASI BERAGAMA DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: Sholikhah Dahlia Damayanti , Faizin Moh , Syafi'i Imam
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji relevansi pemikiran Buya Yahya dalam pendidikan Islam untuk mewujudkan moderasi beragama yang sesuai dengan tuntutan era society 5.0. Moderasi beragama di sini dipahami sebagai sikap yang menghargai kebenaran agama sendiri serta menghormati dan menghargai keyakinan agama lain tanpa harus menyetujui keyakinan tersebut. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana mengintegrasikan gagasan moderasi beragama Buya Yahya dalam konteks pendidikan Islam di era society 5.0. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menggabungkan metode kepustakaan dan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gagasan moderasi beragama Buya Yahya dapat diaplikasikan dalam konteks pendidikan Islam di era society 5.0. Pemikiran Buya Yahya tentang moderasi beragama dapat membantu mengembangkan individu yang mampu mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan menghadapi tantangan era society 5.0 dengan sikap yang mengutamakan keseimbangan dan kesederhanaan (Wasathiyah). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa gagasan-gagasan Buya Yahya sangat relevan dalam pendidikan Islam di era society 5.0, sehingga Buya Yahya dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam mengembangkan individu-individu yang mampu mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
INTEGRASI PEMIKIRAN TINDAKAN MAX WEBER DALAM MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN DI SMP PLUS BAABUSSALAM
Authors: Neka Zulwiddi  , Silfia Hanani
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan konsep tindakan sosial Max Weber dalam manajemen pembelajaran di SMP Plus Baabussalam serta untuk memahami bagaimana pendekatan ini mendukung pengembangan karakter dan nilai-nilai positif pada siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus untuk mengkaji integrasi pemikiran tindakan Max Weber dalam manajemen pembelajaran di SMP Plus Baabussalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SMP Plus Baabussalam berhasil mengintegrasikan berbagai pendekatan dalam manajemen pembelajaran yang menekankan pada pengembangan karakter siswa, tidak hanya pencapaian akademik. Melalui tindakan rasional-instrumental, sekolah menciptakan lingkungan belajar kondusif dengan memanfaatkan teknologi dan metode penilaian berkelanjutan. Penguatan nilai melalui tindakan rasional-nilai dan penerapan tindakan afektif memperkuat interaksi positif antara siswa dan guru serta meningkatkan keterlibatan orang tua, menciptakan suasana yang aman dan nyaman. Selain itu, integrasi tindakan tradisional memperkaya budaya sekolah, membantu siswa menghargai warisan budaya mereka. SMP Plus Baabussalam menghasilkan siswa yang tidak hanya kompeten secara akademis, tetapi juga berintegritas, empatik, dan siap berkontribusi positif kepada masyarakat.
PRINCIPAL POLICY EVALUATION METHOD IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION AT AL-HAMIDY KEBON TALO HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Novi Noviatunpadilah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan metode evaluasi kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hamidy Kebon Talo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Adapun narasumber dalam penelitian ini yaitu Kepala sekolah, Wakakurikulum, dan Guru MA Al-Hamidy. Data dianalisis dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Adapun hasil penelitian, bahwa dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di MA Al-Hamidy Kebon Talo, diperlukan metode evaluasi kebijakan yang tepat oleh kepala sekolah. Karena Evaluasi tersebut membantu dalam perbaikan kebijakan sebelumnya dengan memperhatikan dampaknya. Kepala sekolah perlu melibatkan warga sekolah dalam diskusi untuk memastikan kebijakan yang diambil tepat pada sasaran. Salah satu indikator hasil evaluasi kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan adalah peningkatan fasilitas dan kompetensi guru di bidang IT.