bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the Value of Green Advertising for Environmental Management Practices
Authors: W.Y. Wong Christina , Lai Kee‐Hung , Shang Kuo‐Chung , Lu Chin‐Shan
Published: July 2013

This paper extends previous environmental management research by building and empirically testing a model of the contingency effects of green advertising on the relationships between environmental management practices in terms of environmentally conscious manufacturing and product stewardship, environmental reputation and financial performance. We examine the value of green advertising in sharing and publicizing information about organizational achievements in environmental preservation in a business‐to business context with the Taiwanese electronics manufacturing industry. The theoretical propositions are largely confirmed by structural path analyses of survey responses collected from 122 Taiwanese electronics manufacturers. Green advertising delivers financial benefits only for those manufacturers that do not have an established environmental reputation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Impact of Glomerular filtration rate on clinical outcomes after carotid artery revascularization in 11,832 patients from the CARE registry®
Authors: Gruberg Luis , Jeremias Allen , Rundback John H. , Anderson H. Vernon , Spertus John A. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Rosenfield Kenneth A.
Published: June 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the association of kidney function with carotid artery revascularization outcomes in a large contemporary database.

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality and adverse cardiovascular events after coronary intervention. There are limited data evaluating the association between CKD and adverse events among patients undergoing carotid artery revascularization procedures.

Methods

The Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy (CARE) Registry® is a voluntary registry of 168 hospitals. Using data from the CARE Registry®, we examined registry patients undergoing carotid artery revascularization by either carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) from May 2005 through March 2010. Patients were divided into four groups according to their glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group equation using preprocedural serum creatinine levels.

Results

The analysis included 11,832 patients who underwent carotid revascularization (6,899 CAS and 4,933 CEA). Patients with lower GFR were older, more frequently female, had more comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, peripheral arterial disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and reduced left ventricular function, and were more likely to undergo CAS than CEA. In the overall population, CKD was associated with higher unadjusted in‐hospital and 30‐day rates of the combined endpoint of death, stroke, and myocardial infarction and the individual endpoint of stroke. After adjustment for baseline and preprocedural characteristics, CKD was not an independent predictor of adverse events in either CAS or CEA.

Conclusions

Patients with CKD have a greater number of comorbidities and worse unadjusted in‐hospital and 30‐day outcomes; CKD was not, however, an independent predictor of in‐hospital and 30‐day outcomes after carotid artery revascularization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Directly Grown K0.33WO3 Nanosheet Film Electrode for Fast Direct Electron Transfer of Protein
Authors: Liu Jinping , Liao Lei , Lu Zhisong , Yan Bin , Yu Ting , Zheng Zhe , Zhang Jixuan , Gong Hao , Huang Xintang , Li Chang Ming
Published: July 2013

A potassium tungstate (K0.33WO3) nanosheet film grown directly on a conductive tungsten (W) substrate by a hotplate‐heating approach effects direct electron transfer between the W electrode and a biocatalytic protein or microbe, a long‐sought effect of both fundamental and practical importance. The K0.33WO3 forms into a 5–20 nm thick multilayered nanosheet with a number of steps along the surface. A single nanosheet of K0.33WO3 is hydrophilic and highly electron conducting (resistivity ∼8.3×10−3 Ω cm), characteristic of metallic behaviour. Glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized on a K0.33WO3‐nanosheet‐coated electrode demonstrates facile direct electron transfer. The electron transfer rate constant (ks) is ∼9.5 s−1. This electrode has been used to construct a direct electrochemistry‐based glucose sensor, which exhibits good sensitivity (as high as ∼66.4 μA mM−1 cm−2), fast sensing response time (∼4 s), a low detection limit (0.5 μM), high selectivity and good reliability in practical uses. Growing K0.33WO3 nanosheet on electrodes offers a promising general approach for effecting direct bioelectrochemistry for widespread uses in bioelectronic and bioenergy applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Infinite Cadmium Chains in CaAu4Cd2 and Other Intermetallics with YbMo2Al4‐Type Structure.
Authors: Tappe Frank , Matar Samir F. , Schwickert Christian , Winter Florian , Gerke Birgit , Poettgen Rainer
Published: July 2013

The new compounds CaAu4Cd2, SrAu4Cd2, and EuAu4.8Cd1.2 are synthesized from the elements (sealed Ta tubes, 800 mbar Ar, 923 K, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Structure, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Ba4Ru2FeO10 and Ba4Ru2CoO10.
Authors: Shlyk L. , Niewa R.
Published: July 2013

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of BaCO3, RuO2, and Fe2O3 or Co3O4 (alumina crucible, 1300 °C, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Environmental Benign Synthesis of 2‐Benzimidazoles and 2‐Benzothiazoles Using CeCl3‐NaI as Catalyst.
Authors: Zhu Xun , Wei Yunyang
Published: July 2013

The referred procedure should be practicable for the formation of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles from aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Cyanation of Alkylidenemalonates with KCN in the Presence of a Broensted Acid Additive.
Authors: Liu Yan , Shirakawa Seiji , Maruoka Keiji
Published: July 2013

Highly enantioselective conjugate cyanation of alkylidenemalonates with KCN is achieved under mild phase‐transfer conditions with a chiral bifunctional phase‐transfer catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Promoted Ketene—Alkene [2 + 2] Cycloadditions.
Authors: Rasik Christopher M. , Brown M. Kevin
Published: July 2013

Ketenes, generated in situ or isolated, react with various cyclic and linear alkenes in the presence of EtAlCl2 to afford the cycloaddition products with moderate to high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Three‐Component Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Gandhi Shikha , List Benjamin
Published: July 2013

The optimized synthesis of the target compounds, precursors of optically active amino acids, is achieved via asymmetric reaction starting directly from aldehydes, carbamates, and allyltrimethylsilane.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Acceptor Materials Based on the Dimerization of Fullerene C60 for Use in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells.
Authors: Morinaka Yuta , Nobori Masahiro , Murata Michihisa , Wakamiya Atsushi , Sagawa Takashi , Yoshikawa Susumu , Murata Yasujiro
Published: July 2013

Dimeric fullerne derivatives are shown to work as excellent n‐type material for polymer solar cells in combination with poly(3‐hexythiophene) or PTP7.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of N‐Substituted Imines of Trifluoropyruvate with Diazomethane: Efficient Synthesis of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)aziridine‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Rassukana Yuliya V. , Bezgubenko Ludmyla V. , Onys'ko Petro P. , Synytsya Anatoly D.
Published: July 2013

Reaction of imines with diazomethane give triazole derivatives as the major products along with the desired aziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Organocatalytic Strategy for the Synthesis of Optically Active 2,3‐Disubstituted cis‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans.
Authors: Christensen Jannie , Albrecht Lukas , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: July 2013

The biologically important title compounds are synthesized by an intramolecular, organocatalyzed Michael addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyst Free Synthesis of Substituted Imidazoles in 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol.
Authors: Khaksar Samad , Alipour Mandana
Published: July 2013

Trifluoroethanol is used as solvent for the synthesis of tri‐ and tetrasubstituted imidazoles (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Secondary and Tertiary C—H Alkylation of Azoles Through a Heteroarene—Amine—Aldehyde/Ketone Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Vachhani Dipak D. , Sharma Abhishek , Van der Eycken Erik
Published: July 2013

A simple protocol is developed for the three‐component coupling to afford aminoalkylated azoles as subunits of biologically important natural substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of N3,N11‐Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐14‐aryl‐14H‐dibenzo [a,j]xanthenes‐3,11‐dicarboxamide.
Authors: Song Yongbin , Yang Yihui , You Jun , Liu Bo , Wu Lijun , Hou Yunlong , Wang Wenji , Zhu Jiuxin
Published: July 2013

Several title compounds show cytotoxicity in the micro‐ to submicromolar range.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Activity Against Multidrug‐Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis of α‐Mangostin Analogues.
Authors: Sudta Pichit , Jiarawapi Payung , Suksamrarn Apichart , Hongmanee Poonpilas , Suksamrarn Sunit
Published: July 2013

Tetrahydro α‐mangostin analogues of natural α‐mangostin are prepared and their antimycobacterial activities are evaluated in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitrypanosomal Activity of New 6,6,7‐Trisubstituted Thiopyrano[2,3‐d][1,3]thiazoles.
Authors: Zelisko Nataliya , Atamanyuk Dmytro , Vasylenko Olexandr , Grellier Philippe , Lesyk Roman
Published: July 2013

A variety of new trisubstituted thiopyransthiazoles are synthesized via hetero‐Diels—Alder reactions of 5‐arylidene‐4‐thioxo‐2‐thiazolidinones with itaconic acid (II) or its imides, and screened as potential antitrypanosomal agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Aminofluorination of Alkenes.
Authors: Kong Wangqing , Feige Pascal , de Haro Teresa , Nevado Cristina
Published: July 2013

The intramolecular metal‐free aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes works with aryl iodonium difluorides as the reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Switch in Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis: Radical Additions and Cyclizations and Unexpected C—C‐Bond Cleavage Reactions.
Authors: Zhu Shaoqun , Das Arindam , Bui Lan , Zhou Hanjun , Curran Dennis P. , Rueping Magnus
Published: July 2013

N,N‐Dimethylanilines react with benzylidene malononitriles to afford γ‐amino nitriles [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Aerobic Oxidative C—C, C—P Coupling from C—H Bonds Catalyzed by a Gold(III)‐Complex.
Authors: Xue Qicai , Xie Jin , Jin Hongming , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: July 2013

A novel, convenient, and simple method for the preparation of different α‐substituted tertiary amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast, Solvent‐Free Asymmetric Alkynylation of Prochiral sp3 C—H Bonds in a Ball Mill for the Preparation of Optically Active Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Jingbo , Li Zhenhua , Jia Kanyan , Jiang Zhijiang , Liu Menglu , Su Weike
Published: July 2013

The asymmetric cross‐dehydrogenative coupling between tetrahydroisoquinolines and terminal alkynes is performed in a ball mill (2 copper balls) with silica gel as grinding agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Novel Thiazolopyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud R. , El‐Ziaty Ahmed K. , Hussein Ahmed M.
Published: July 2013

The title compounds are synthesized from readily obtainable starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular α‐Arylation of Copper—Amide Enolate of Benzazepine.
Authors: Verma Amit , Prajapati Navneet , Salecha Sujata , Giridhar Rajani , Yadav Mange Ram
Published: July 2013

Under optimized conditions, the reaction of benzazepinone (I) with aryl halides proceeds through a copper—amide enolate intermediate to give the corresponding arylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Arylspiroborates Derived from 2,3‐Dihydroxynaphthalene.
Authors: Westcott Stephen A. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

The synthesized compounds (7 examples) exhibit modest antifungal and antimycobacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Bisindole Alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus and Their Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Ku , Xu Jie‐Kun , Tian Hai‐Yan , Wang Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Xiao Xu‐Zhi , Li Ping , Ye Wen‐Cai
Published: July 2013

Two novel bisindole alkaloids, cyclovinblastine A (I) and B (II), are isolated together with ten known alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Tuning the Optical Properties of Metal Sulfide Nanocrystals and Their Applications.
Authors: Shen Shuling , Wang Qiangbin
Published: July 2013

Review: 240 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Colloidal Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Semiconductor Nanoribbons.
Authors: Yang Jiwoong , Son Jae Sung , Yu Jung Ho , Joo Jin , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: July 2013

Review: emphasis on CdSe; 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis Strategies in the Search for Hierarchical Zeolites
Authors: Serrano D. P. , Escola J. M. , Pizarro P.
Published: July 2013

Review: 229 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Thin Films: Properties and Applications
Authors: Innocenzi Plinio , Malfatti Luca
Published: July 2013

Review: 235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry Beyond Werner: Interplay Between Hydrogen Bonding and Coordination
Authors: Reedijk Jan
Published: July 2013

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Cyclen—Metal Complexes for Molecular Sensing and Chirality Signaling
Authors: Shinoda Satoshi
Published: July 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deprotection of Silyl Ethers
Authors: Crouch R. David
Published: July 2013

Review: 496 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Mediated Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Sinha Biswajit
Published: July 2013

Review: ca. 300 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Synthesis of Cycloalka[b]indoles
Authors: Gataullin R. R.
Published: July 2013

Review: 196 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Derived Auxiliaries: Mono (and Disaccharide) Derivatives
Authors: Furman B. , Stecko S.
Published: July 2013

Review: 448 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Proline‐Catalyzed Mannich Reaction and the Advent of Enamine Catalysis
Authors: List Benjamin , Liao Sai‐Hu
Published: July 2013

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Industrial Applications of the Diels—Alder Reaction
Authors: Funel Jacques‐Alexis , Abele Stefan
Published: July 2013

Review: 284 refs.
Towards the Accurate and Efficient Calculation of Optical Rotatory Dispersion Using Augmented Minimal Basis Sets
Authors: Wiberg Kenneth B. , Caricato Marco , Wang Yi‐Gui , Vaccaro Patrick H.
Published: July 2013

It has been recognized that quantum‐chemical predictions of dispersive (nonresonant) chiroptical phenomena are exquisitely sensitive to the periphery of the electronic wavefunction. To further elaborate and potentially exploit this assertion, linear‐response calculations of specific optical rotation were performed within the framework of density‐functional theory (DFT) by augmenting small basis sets (e.g., STO ‐ 3G and 3 ‐ 21G) for the core and valence electrons with diffuse functions taken from substantially larger bases (e.g., aug‐cc‐pVXZ where X = D, T, or Q). Of particular interest was the ability of such computationally efficient (augmented small‐basis) model chemistries to reproduce results derived from more expensive (canonical large‐basis) schemes. The results appear to be quite promising, with the augmented minimal‐basis ansatz often yielding wavelength‐resolved rotatory powers close to those deduced from standard DFT(B3LYP)/aug‐cc‐pVXZ treatments. Analogous linear‐response analyses were performed by means of coupled‐cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) theory, once again leading to augmented small‐basis estimates of specific rotation in reasonable accord with their large‐basis counterparts. Although CCSD predictions were deemed to be slightly worse than those obtained from DFT, they still were of sufficient quality for such reduced‐basis calculations to be considered viable for exploratory work. Chirality 25:606–616, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical evaluation of a one‐dimensional two‐fluid model applied to gas–solid cold‐flows in fluidised beds
Authors: Solsvik Jannike , Chao Zhongxi , Jakobsen Hugo A.
Published: June 2013

Computational demanding two‐ and three‐dimensional two‐fluid models are frequently adopted simulating gas–solid flows in fluidised beds. Reduced computational cost is favourable for efficient numerical studies of technologies such as the novel chemical looping combustion (CLC), chemical looping reforming (CLR), and sorption‐enhanced steam methane reforming (SE‐SMR) processes. In this study, we elucidate the potential of a one‐dimensional two‐fluid model to describe gas–solid cold‐flows in fluidised beds. The validity of the numerical simulation results of the bubbling beds and risers have been compared to experimental data in the literature. Moreover, sensitivity analyses on drag closure laws and operation condition have been performed and a number of model solution techniques and algorithms are studied. In addition, simulation results of the one‐dimensional model are compared to results of a two‐dimensional model.

For particular sets of operating conditions and flow characteristics, the one‐dimensional model compares fairly well to the simulation results of the two‐dimensional model and to experimental data. Under other operating conditions, large quantitative deviations can be observed. However, the one‐dimensional model is assumed to be sufficently accurate for particular reactor process optimisation and design evaluations.
Robust level control of a dry‐surge ore pile
Authors: McClure Kenneth Scott , Nagamune Ryozo , Marshman Devin , Chmelyk Terrance , Gopaluni Bhushan
Published: June 2013

This paper presents a new method for controlling the height of a mineral processing dry‐surge ore pile between specified upper and lower levels by manipulating the outlet ore flow. The upper level should not be exceeded for safety, while the height should always be higher than the lowest allowable level to maintain a reserve for continuous operation downstream of the ore pile. However, this is a non‐trivial control problem because the disturbance of the unpredictable discontinuous ore input must be attenuated in the continuous outlet ore flow. In addition, ore is mined from multiple sites and causes the physical properties of the ore to be uncertain. To deal with these issues, a control problem is formulated to attenuate the disturbance from the discontinuous feed and guarantee stability given the inaccurate process model. To solve the formulated control problem, a robust height controller is developed using the linear matrix inequality technique. It is shown that the robust controller attenuates four times more variability in outlet ore flow than a gain‐scheduled PI controller and guarantees robust closed loop stability.
Effects of hypoxia‐induced gill remodelling on the innervation and distribution of ionocytes in the gill of goldfish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Tzaneva Velislava , Vadeboncoeur Claudia , Ting Jaimee , Perry Steve F.
Published: July 2013

The presence of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) on the gills of goldfish acclimated to 7°C leads to preferential distribution of branchial ionocytes to the distal edges of the ILCM, where they are likely to remain in contact with the water and hence remain functional. Upon exposure to hypoxia, the ILCM retracts, and the ionocytes become localized to the lamellar surfaces and on the filament epithelium, owing to their migration and the differentiation of new ionocytes from progenitor cells. Here we demonstrate that the majority of the ionocytes receive neuronal innervation, which led us to assess the consequences of ionocyte migration and differentiation during hypoxic gill remodelling on the pattern and extent of ionocyte neuronal innervation. Normoxic 7°C goldfish (ILCM present) possessed significantly greater numbers of ionocytes/mm2 (951.2 ± 94.3) than their 25°C conspecifics (ILCM absent; 363.1 ± 49.6) but a statistically lower percentage of innervated ionocytes (83.1% ± 1.0% compared with 87.8% ± 1.3%). After 1 week of exposure of goldfish to hypoxia, the pool of branchial ionocytes was composed largely of pre‐existing migrating cells (555.6 ± 38.1/mm2) and to a lesser extent newly formed ionocytes (226.7 ± 15.1/mm2). The percentage of new (relative to pre‐existing) ionocytes remained relatively constant (at ∼30%) after 1 or 2 weeks of normoxic recovery. After hypoxia, pre‐existing ionocytes expressed a greater percentage of innervation than newly formed ionocytes in all treatment groups; however, their percentage innervation steadily decreased over 2 weeks of normoxic recovery. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:118–130, 2014. © The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell segregation, mixing, and tissue pattern in the spinal cord of the Xenopus laevis neurula
Authors: Edlund Anna F. , Davidson Lance A. , Keller Raymond E.
Published: June 2013

Background: During Xenopus laevis neurulation, neural ectodermal cells of the spinal cord are patterned at the same time that they intercalate mediolaterally and radially, moving within and between two cell layers. Curious if these rearrangements disrupt early cell identities, we lineage‐traced cells in each layer from neural plate stages to the closed neural tube, and used in situ hybridization to assay gene expression in the moving cells. Results: Our biotin and fluorescent labeling of deep and superficial cells reveals that mediolateral intercalation does not disrupt cell cohorts; in other words, it is conservative. However, outside the midline notoplate, later radial intercalation does displace superficial cells dorsoventrally, radically disrupting cell cohorts. The tube roof is composed almost exclusively of superficial cells, including some displaced from ventral positions; gene expression in these displaced cells must now be surveyed further. Superficial cells also flank the tube's floor, which is, itself, almost exclusively composed of deep cells. Conclusions: Our data provide: (1) a fate map of superficial‐ and deep‐cell positions within the Xenopus neural tube, (2) the paths taken to these positions, and (3) preliminary evidence of re‐patterning in cells carried out of one environment and into another, during neural morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics, 242:1134–1146, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of gene expression in wild‐type and Notch1 mutant retinal cells by single cell profiling
Authors: Mizeracka Karolina , Trimarchi Jeffrey M. , Stadler Michael B. , Cepko Constance L.
Published: June 2013

Background: The vertebrate retina comprises sensory neurons, the photoreceptors, as well as many other types of neurons and one type of glial cell. These cells are generated by multipotent and restricted retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), which express Notch1. Loss of Notch1 in RPCs late during retinal development results in the overproduction of rod photoreceptors at the expense of interneurons and glia. Results: To examine the molecular underpinnings of this observation, microarray analysis of single retinal cells from wild‐type or Notch1 conditional knockout retinas was performed. In situ hybridization was carried out to validate some of the findings. Conclusions: The majority of Notch1‐mutant cells lost expression of known Notch target genes. These cells also had low levels of RPC and cell cycle genes, and robustly up‐regulated rod precursor genes. In addition, single wild‐type cells, in which cell cycle marker genes were down‐regulated, expressed markers of both rod photoreceptors and interneurons. Developmental Dynamics, 242:1147–1159, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling Hox gene expression and activity to build the vertebrate axial skeleton
Authors: Casaca Ana , Santos Ana Cristina , Mallo Moisés
Published: June 2013

It has long been known that Hox genes are central players in patterning the vertebrate axial skeleton. Extensive genetic studies in the mouse have revealed that the combinatorial activity of Hox genes along the anterior–posterior body axis specifies different vertebral identities. In addition, Hox genes were instrumental for the evolutionary diversification of the vertebrate body plan. In this review, we focus on fundamental questions regarding the intricate mechanisms controlling Hox gene activity. In particular, we discuss the functional relevance of the precise timing of Hox gene activation in the embryo. Moreover, we provide insight into the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that are likely to control this process and are responsible for the maintenance of spatially restricted Hox expression domains throughout embryonic development. We also analyze how specific features of each Hox protein may contribute to the functional diversity of Hox family. Altogether, the work reviewed here further supports the notion that the Hox program is far more complex than initially assumed. Exciting new findings will surely emerge in the years ahead. Developmental Dynamics 243:24–36, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Canonical Wnt signaling regulates Nkx3.1 expression and luminal epithelial differentiation during prostate organogenesis
Authors: Kruithof‐de Julio Marianna , Shibata Maho , Desai Nishita , Reynon Melissa , Halili M. Vivienne , Hu Ya‐Ping , Price Sandy M. , Abate‐Shen Cory , Shen Michael M.
Published: June 2013

Background: The formation of the prostate gland requires reciprocal interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal components of the embryonic urogenital sinus. However, the identity of the signaling factors that mediate these interactions is largely unknown. Results: Our studies show that expression of the prostate‐specific transcription factor Nkx3.1 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Using mice carrying a targeted lacZ knock‐in allele of Nkx3.1, we find that Nkx3.1 is expressed in all epithelial cells of ductal buds during prostate organogenesis. Addition of Wnt inhibitors to urogenital sinus explant culture greatly reduces prostate budding and inhibits Nkx3.1 expression as well as differentiation of luminal epithelial cells. Analyses of a TCF/Lef:H2B‐GFP transgene reporter show that canonical Wnt signaling activity is found in urogenital mesenchyme but not urogenital sinus epithelium before prostate formation, and is later observed in the mesenchyme and epithelium of prostate ductal tips. Furthermore, TCF/Lef:H2B‐GFP reporter activity is reduced in epithelial cells of Nkx3.1 null neonatal prostates, suggesting that Nkx3.1 functions to maintain canonical Wnt signaling activity in developing prostate bud tips. Conclusions: We propose that activated canonical Wnt signals and Nkx3.1 function in a positive feedback loop to regulate prostate bud growth and luminal epithelial differentiation. Developmental Dynamics, 242:1160–1171, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Snow cover and extreme winter warming events control flower abundance of some, but not all species in high arctic Svalbard
Authors: Semenchuk Philipp R. , Elberling Bo , Cooper Elisabeth J.
Published: June 2013

The High Arctic winter is expected to be altered through ongoing and future climate change. Winter precipitation and snow depth are projected to increase and melt out dates change accordingly. Also, snow cover and depth will play an important role in protecting plant canopy from increasingly more frequent extreme winter warming events. Flower production of many Arctic plants is dependent on melt out timing, since season length determines resource availability for flower preformation. We erected snow fences to increase snow depth and shorten growing season, and counted flowers of six species over 5 years, during which we experienced two extreme winter warming events. Most species were resistant to snow cover increase, but two species reduced flower abundance due to shortened growing seasons. Cassiope tetragona responded strongly with fewer flowers in deep snow regimes during years without extreme events, while Stellaria crassipes responded partly. Snow pack thickness determined whether winter warming events had an effect on flower abundance of some species. Warming events clearly reduced flower abundance in shallow but not in deep snow regimes of Cassiope tetragona, but only marginally for Dryas octopetala. However, the affected species were resilient and individuals did not experience any long term effects. In the case of short or cold summers, a subset of species suffered reduced reproductive success, which may affect future plant composition through possible cascading competition effects. Extreme winter warming events were shown to expose the canopy to cold winter air. The following summer most of the overwintering flower buds could not produce flowers. Thus reproductive success is reduced if this occurs in subsequent years. We conclude that snow depth influences flower abundance by altering season length and by protecting or exposing flower buds to cold winter air, but most species studied are resistant to changes.
Synthesis, Molecular and Photovoltaic Properties of an Indolo[3,2‐b]indole‐Based Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Small Molecule
Authors: Lai Yu‐Ying , Yeh Jyun‐Ming , Tsai Che‐En , Cheng Yen‐Ju
Published: July 2013

Indolo[3,2‐b]indole, containing two fused indole units, is an unexplored but promising electron‐rich molecule for constructing donor–acceptor materials due to its planar, symmetric, and extended conjugated structure. We have successfully developed a new synthetic pathway to prepare 2,7‐diboronic ester‐indolo[3,2‐b]indole, which was then reacted with dithienodiketopyrrolo‐pyrrole acceptor to afford a new acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated molecule, 2,7‐bis(dithienodiketopyrrolo‐pyrrole)indolo[3,2‐b]indole (2,7‐DPPIIDPP). II is used to stand for indolo[3,2‐b]indole in order to emphasize that this compound is constructed from two indole units. The A–D–A linkage through the 2,7‐positions of II not only preserves the phenylene units in the para‐conjugation but also renders stronger electron‐donating strength. This material exhibited good thermal stability, high crystallinity, and broad UV/Vis absorption. The solution‐processed bulk heterojunction device using the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/2,7‐DPPIIDPP:PC71BM/Ca/Al exhibited a Voc of 0.72 V, a Jsc of 6.88 mA/cm2, and an FF of 49.6 %, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.45 %.
Matrix effect on the degradation of fragrant aldehydes: oxidation versus chlorination in an antiperspirant formulation
Authors: Ruyffelaere Fanny , Marteau Clémentine , Nardello‐Rataj Véronique , Favier Dominique , Vezin Hervé , Aubry Jean‐Marie
Published: July 2013

The oxidative degradation of several fragrant aldehydes in an antiperspirant base has been investigated. The different products formed have been detected and identified by GC‐MS. It is shown that, besides the oxidation products, i.e. mainly the corresponding acid resulting from the Baeyer–Villiger reaction, several unexpected chlorinated products are formed through interactions with aluminium chlorhydrate and the suspension agent. The supposed intermediate in the chlorination pathway is the acyl hypochlorite R(CO)OCl which can react according to either an ionic or a radical route. Reactive species involved in these mechanisms are Clδ+ and Cl•, respectively. The common intermediate for the autoxidation and oxychlorination processes is the peracid R(CO)OOH. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New packer experiments and borehole logs in upper oceanic crust: Evidence for ridge‐parallel consistency in crustal hydrogeological properties
Authors: Becker Keir , Fisher Andrew T. , Tsuji Takeshi
Published: June 2013

We report new drillstring packer permeability tests conducted during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 327 in upper oceanic basement in Hole U1362A on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Hole U1362A lies within a closely spaced array (40–2460 m separation) of six holes in well‐sedimented 3.5–3.6 m.y. old crust that were drilled, tested, and instrumented with borehole observatories during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 168 and IODP Expeditions 301 and 327. The permeability tests in Hole U1362A complement similar experiments previously conducted in nearby Holes 1026B, 1027C, and U1301B. The new results suggest consistency of upper crustal permeability between Holes U1362A and U1301B, which penetrate 290 and 320 m of basement and are separated by ∼825 m. We obtain similar bulk permeability values of 1–3 × 10−12 m2 for the sections deeper than ∼150 m into basement in both holes. These values are significantly higher than results of packer experiments in the shallowest few tens of meters of basement in nearby Holes 1026B and 1027C, suggesting that the highest basement permeabilities in this area are not found in the shallowest basement layers. Downhole logs of density and penetration rate during drilling and coring in Holes U1362A and U1301B show similar trends within the upper crust, reinforcing the inference that there may be considerable lateral continuity in hydrogeologic properties. This continuity may be associated with the fundamental lithostratigraphy of the crust and/or influenced by ridge‐parallel faulting and fracturing associated with the formation of abyssal hill topography.
Investigating seismic anisotropy beneath the Reykjanes Ridge using models of mantle flow, crystallographic evolution, and surface wave propagation
Authors: Gallego A. , Ito G. , Dunn R. A.
Published: June 2013

Surface wave studies of the Reykjanes Ridge (RR) and the Iceland hotspot have imaged an unusual and enigmatic pattern of two zones of negative radial anisotropy on each side of the RR. We test previously posed and new hypotheses for the origin of this anisotropy, by considering lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine A‐type fabric in simple models with 1‐D, layered structures, as well as in 2‐D and 3‐D geodynamic models with mantle flow and LPO evolution. Synthetic phase velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves traveling parallel to the ridge axis are produced and then inverted to mimic the previous seismic studies. Results of 1‐D models show that strong negative radial anisotropy can be produced when olivine a axes are preferentially aligned not only vertically but also subhorizontally in the plane of wave propagation. Geodynamic models show that negative anisotropy on the sides of the RR can occur when plate spreading impels a corner flow, and in turn a subvertical alignment of olivine a axes, on the sides of the ridge axis. Mantle dehydration must be invoked to form a viscous upper layer that minimizes the disturbance of the corner flow by the Iceland mantle plume. While the results are promising, important discrepancies still exist between the observed seismic structure and the predictions of this model, as well as models of a variety of types of mantle flow associated with plume‐ridge interaction. Thus, other factors that influence seismic anisotropy, but not considered in this study, such as power‐law rheology, water, melt, or time‐dependent mantle flow, are probably important beneath the Reykjanes Ridge.
Surficial permeability of the axial valley seafloor: Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Hearn Casey K. , Homola Kira L. , Johnson H. Paul
Published: June 2013

Hydrothermal systems at mid‐ocean spreading centers play a fundamental role in Earth's geothermal budget. One underexamined facet of marine hydrothermal systems is the role that permeability of the uppermost seafloor veneer plays in the distribution of hydrothermal fluid. As both the initial and final vertical gateway for subsurface fluid circulation, uppermost seafloor permeability may influence the local spatial distribution of hydrothermal flow. A method of deriving a photomosaic from seafloor video was developed and utilized to estimate relative surface permeability in an active hydrothermal area on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The mosaic resolves seafloor geology of the axial valley seafloor at submeter resolution over an area greater than 1 km2. Results indicate that the valley walls and basal talus slope are topographically rugged and unsedimented, providing minimal resistance to fluid transmission. Elsewhere, the axial valley floor is capped by an unbroken blanket of low‐permeability sediment, resisting fluid exchange with the subsurface reservoir. Active fluid emission sites were restricted to the high‐permeability zone at the base of the western wall. A series of inactive fossil hydrothermal structures form a linear trend along the western bounding wall, oriented orthogonal to the spreading axis. High‐temperature vent locations appear to have migrated over 100 m along‐ridge‐strike over the decade between surveys. While initially an expression of subsurface faulting, this spatial pattern suggests that increases in seafloor permeability from sedimentation may be at least a secondary contributing factor in regulating fluid flow across the seafloor interface.
Preeruptive flow focussing in dikes feeding historical pillow ridges on the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Ridges
Authors: Yeo I. A. , Clague D. A. , Martin J. F. , Paduan J. B. , Caress D. W.
Published: June 2013

Linear, hummocky pillow mound volcanism dominates at slow and intermediate spreading rate mid‐ocean ridges. Volcanic hummocks are thought to be formed by low effusion rates or as a result of flow focussing during effusive fissure style eruptions in which the initial dike intercepts the seafloor and erupts along its entire length. In this study, high‐resolution autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) bathymetry is used to accurately map the extents of four historical fissure eruptions of the Juan de Fuca and Gorda ridges: on the North Gorda, North Cleft, and CoAxial ridge segments. The four mapped eruptions take the form of pillow mounds, which are similar in both lithology and dimension to hummocks on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Pillow mounds may be isolated, or coalesce to form composite mounds, aligned as ridges or as clustered groups. In three of the four mapped sites, the eruptions were discontinuous along their lengths, with pillow mounds and composite mounds commonly separated by areas of older seafloor. This style of discontinuous eruption is inconsistent with typical en echelon fissure eruptions and is probably due to a mildly overpressured, fingering dike intersecting the seafloor along parts of its length.
Influence of the inter tropical discontinuity on Harmattan dust deposition in Ghana
Authors: Lyngsie G. , Olsen J. L. , Awadzi T. W. , Fensholt R. , Breuning‐Madsen H.
Published: June 2013

The Harmattan is a dry dust‐laden continental wind, and in the boreal winter Harmattan dust plumes affects many West African countries, including Ghana. When the Harmattan is strongest the southern part of Ghana is affected by the Inter Tropical Discontinuity (ITD). In this study, we investigate if the ITD functions as a barrier, preventing long transported Harmattan dust to settle south of, and below, it. This is done by analyzing a Harmattan dust outbreak, mapped using Earth observation (EO) data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) platform, coupled with data from West African AERONET stations, and comparing these observations with wind data from NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) program and the mineral suite of samples from seasonal dust deposits in north and south Ghana. In northern Ghana traces of minerals indicate a weak influence of particles from an arid environment, which is found consistent with the mapped dust plumes and NE wind directions. In southern Ghana the mineral composition show no sediments of an arid origin, the mapped dust plumes is less intense, and the surface wind directions and wind mass trajectories are more varying with lower wind speeds. Based on the results of this study it is concluded that dust deposited, or measured near ground, in the Harmattan period under the ITD, and south of it, does not contain material from the Chad Basin due to the local winds conditions.
Overriding plate structure of the Nicaragua convergent margin: Relationship to the seismogenic zone of the 1992 tsunami earthquake
Authors: Sallarès Valentí , Meléndez Adrià , Prada Manuel , Ranero César R. , McIntosh Kirk , Grevemeyer Ingo
Published: June 2013

We present 2‐D seismic velocity models and coincident multichannel seismic reflection images of the overriding plate and the inter‐plate boundary of the Nicaragua convergent margin along two wide‐angle seismic profiles parallel and normal to the trench acquired in the rupture area of the 1992 tsunami earthquake. The trench‐perpendicular profile runs over a seamount subducting under the margin slope, at the location where seismological observations predict large coseismic slip. Along this profile, the igneous basement shows increasing velocity both with depth and away from the trench, reflecting a progressive decrease in upper‐plate rock degree of fracturing. Upper mantle‐like velocities are obtained at ∼10 km depth beneath the fore‐arc Sandino basin, indicating a shallow mantle wedge. A mismatch of the inter‐plate reflector in the velocity models and along coincident multichannel seismic profiles under the slope is best explained by ∼15% velocity anisotropy, probably caused by subvertical open fractures that may be related to fluid paths feeding known seafloor seepage sites. The presence of a shallow, partially serpentinized mantle wedge, and the fracture‐related anisotropy are supported by gravity analysis of velocity‐derived density models. The downdip limit of inter‐plate seismicity occurs near the tip of the inferred mantle wedge, suggesting that seismicity could be controlled by the presence of serpentinite group minerals at the fault gouge. Near the trench, the inferred local increase of normal stress produced by the subducting seamount in the plate boundary may have made this fault segment unstable during earthquake rupture, which could explain its tsunamigenic character.
Neural processing of race during imitation: Self‐Similarity Versus Social Status
Authors: Losin Elizabeth A. Reynolds , Cross Katy A. , Iacoboni Marco , Dapretto Mirella
Published: June 2013

People preferentially imitate others who are similar to them or have high social status. Such imitative biases are thought to have evolved because they increase the efficiency of cultural acquisition. Here we focused on distinguishing between self‐similarity and social status as two candidate mechanisms underlying neural responses to a person's race during imitation. We used fMRI to measure neural responses when 20 African American (AA) and 20 European American (EA) young adults imitated AA, EA and Chinese American (CA) models and also passively observed their gestures and faces. We found that both AA and EA participants exhibited more activity in lateral frontoparietal and visual regions when imitating AAs compared with EAs or CAs. These results suggest that racial self‐similarity is not likely to modulate neural responses to race during imitation, in contrast with findings from previous neuroimaging studies of face perception and action observation. Furthermore, AA and EA participants associated AAs with lower social status than EAs or CAs, suggesting that the social status associated with different racial groups may instead modulate neural activity during imitation of individuals from those groups. Taken together, these findings suggest that neural responses to race during imitation are driven by socially learned associations rather than self‐similarity. This may reflect the adaptive role of imitation in social learning, where learning from higher status models can be more beneficial. This study provides neural evidence consistent with evolutionary theories of cultural acquisition. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1723–1739, 2014. © 2013 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
A GUIDELINE FOR DEVELOPING AN INITIAL HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING NETWORK AS A BASIS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN ARTIFICIALLY DRAINED WETLANDS
Authors: Fahle Marcus , Dietrich Ottfried , Lischeid Gunnar
Published: July 2013

Reliable hydrological monitoring is the basis for sound water management in drained wetlands. Since statistical methods cannot be employed for unobserved or sparsely monitored areas, the primary design (first set‐up) may be arbitrary in most instances. The objective of this paper is therefore to provide a guideline for designing the initial hydrological monitoring network. A scheme is developed that handles different parts of monitoring and hydrometry in wetlands, focusing on the positioning of surface water and groundwater gauges. For placement of the former, control units are used which correspond to areas whose water levels can be regulated separately. The latter are arranged depending on hydrological response units, defined by combinations of soil type and land use, and the chosen surface water monitoring sites. A practical application of the approach is shown for an investigation area in the Spreewald region in north‐east Germany. The presented scheme leaves a certain degree of freedom to its user, allowing the inclusion of expert knowledge or special concerns. Based on easily obtainable data, the developed hydrological network serves as a first step in the iterative procedure of monitoring network optimisation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4.3: Invited Paper: High Mobility Oxide TFT for Large Area High Resolution AMOLED
Authors: Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Kim Jong Woo , Ryu Minki , Eom In Yong , Pi Jae‐Eun , Kwon OhSang , Park Eunsook , Oh Himchan , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Lim Sun Kwon
Published: July 2013

The adoption of bi‐layered etch stop layer (BiESL) for oxide thin film transistor with high carrier mobility was proposed for the application to the large area high resolution AMOLED. A novel bi‐layered etch stop structure composed of Al2O3/SiO2, in which thin and dense Al2O3 film prepared by atomic layer deposition was deposited on the PECVD SiO2 layer. High mobility of In‐Ga‐Zn‐O TFT with the proposed BiESL showed no significant change in turn‐on voltage, even without passivation film. The field‐effect saturation mobility and sub‐threshold swing were measured as 29 cm2/V.s and 0.21 V/dec, respectively. Hydrogen doping during the PECVD SiNx passivation process can be effectively prevented by the introduction of Al2O3. Furthermore organic planarization film can be coated directly on top of the TFT array without causing any significant degradation of TFT performance.
6.4: Invited Paper: Impact of the Use of a Touch‐based Digital Reading Device in Immersive Reading
Authors: Shibata Hirohito , Takano Kentaro , Omura Kengo
Published: July 2013

This paper describes experiments to evaluate the impact of the use of a touch‐based digital reading device in immersive reading. The first experiment compared the performance of proofreading between that using paper documents and that using a touch‐based reading device. Results showed that participants detected more errors when reading from paper than when reading from the digital device. During reading, participants interacted with text such as pointing to words or brushing over sentences more frequently when reading from paper than when reading from the digital device. This suggests that interaction with text plays an important role in proofreading tasks. To verify this hypothesis, in the second experiment, participants proofread documents with constrained interaction with paper. Results showed that participants detected more errors when reading with text interaction than when reading without text interaction. Considering these results, we discuss practical implications to improve the usability of digital reading devices.