bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoção educação em saúde em redes sociais
Authors: Prudencio Dayanne da Silva , Ferreira Andre Luis do Nascimento
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo discute como duas unidades de atenção primária em saúde, ou seja, duas clínicas da família, situadas na região oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, utilizam a rede social Instagram em sua estratégia de promoção de ações de educação em saúde. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, quanto ao seu objetivo-fim; de um estudo de caso, quanto aos meios utilizados; e com abordagem qualitativa, no que diz respeito ao tratamento de dados realizado. O estudo avalia o alcance das páginas oficiais das unidades verificadas na rede, a veiculação de conteúdo sobre calendário de vacinação e sobre atitudes cotidianas de melhora do bem-estar físico e mental dos pacientes, e verifica ainda o uso da rede como espaço de prestação de contas. As duas unidades logram atingir um grande público em suas postagens e no espaço digital são divulgadas ações pertinentes ao cuidado em saúde. Conclui que as páginas funcionam como espaços digitais para a promoção de educação em saúde.
MAPEAMENTO E VISUALIZAÇÃO DE REDES DE CONHECIMENTO NO DOMÍNIO SECA E SEMIÁRIDO
Authors: Cavalcanti I Rodriggo Leopoldino , Sánchez-Tarragó Nancy , Santos Raimundo Nonato Macedo Dos
Published: August 2024

Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o Núcleo Temático da Seca e Semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte (NUT-Seca) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte pode se recolocar como agente ativo da produção, gestão e disseminação de conhecimento no domínio da Seca e  Semiárido. Para tanto, a pesquisa objetiva realizar o mapeamento e visualização de redes de conhecimento no domínio. Utiliza-se como enfoque metodológico a Análise de Domínio, ao qual se juntam as técnicas bibliométricas, de Análise de Redes Sociais e ferramentas de visualização da informação.  Como fontes de dados adotou-se a base de dados Scopus e o Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Foram mapeadas, entre outras, redes de coautoria, de cocitação, acoplamento bibliográfico e de grupos de pesquisa. As análises permitiram o mapeamento tanto em nível macro (da rede como um todo) quanto em nível micro (atores individuais), descrevendo, por exemplo, os componentes corporizados em documentos, atores e suas relações. Foi possível também constatar a existência de redes informais, a exemplo das redes de coautoria, e de redes formalizadas em grupos de pesquisa cadastrados no CNPq. Como resultado deste mapeamento poderão ser propostas ferramentas e práticas de gestão do conhecimento ao NUT-Seca, assim como serviços de informação que servirão como subsídios importantes para o estreitamento de laços de colaboração e de compartilhamento de conhecimento entre os atores envolvidos e o fortalecimento das pesquisas no domínio da Seca e Semiárido
GESTÃO DE BIBLIOTECAS NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Nascimento Fabiana , Nascimento Geysa
Published: August 2024

de educación profesional y tecnológica. También aborda la función esencial de las bibliotecas en estos contextos, destacando su papel en la promoción de la inclusión social y la gestión de resultados institucionales. Ante esto, esta investigación busca comprender factores para analizar la cultura de gestión en las bibliotecas. El objetivo es analizar los recursos informativos (humanos, tecnológicos y materiales) e identificar los recursos existentes en la biblioteca. Los aspectos metodológicos caracterizan un estudio descriptivo de carácter bibliográfico y exploratorio, de campo y cualitativo. Se realizó un estudio para elaborar una propuesta de elementos que puedan servir para fortalecer hábitos que contribuyan a la gestión. Como resultado, a través de la observación se desarrolló una lista de verificación, que sirvió como herramienta de recolección de datos, permitiendo a los gestores evaluar el potencial de incentivos para fortalecer la cultura de gestión de recursos en las bibliotecas donde trabajan. El texto concluye proponiendo colaborar con la cuestión de verificar el potencial de gestión de la biblioteca de educación profesional y tecnológica del Instituto Federal de Paraíba para que pueda contribuir a acciones de mejora en la gestión de las bibliotecas de los Institutos Federales, con foco en las necesidades y preguntas que emergen de la realidad que opera en el contexto y evaluación de los recursos informativos y orientar las discusiones entre los profesionales del campo que forman parte de ella sobre prácticas y políticas.
Understanding Pediatric Kidney Transplant Rejection: Its Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Management Strategies
Authors: Semenova Yuliya , Bayanova Mirgul , Rakhimzhanova Saltanat , Altynova Sholpan , Sailybayeva Aliya , Asanova Aruzhan , Pya Yuriy
Published: August 2024

End-stage kidney disease requires comprehensive management strategies to
ensure patient survival and improve quality of life. Kidney transplantation remains the
preferred treatment option, offering superior long-term outcomes. However, graft rejection
remains a significant concern, and pediatric patients often require tailored immunosuppressive
regimens due to differences in immune response compared to adults. Although
the past decade has seen significant improvements in graft and patient survival
among pediatric kidney transplant recipients, many questions remain unanswered. There
is an ongoing search for non-invasive biomarkers capable of timely detecting graft rejection
and novel treatment regimens, specifically tailored to pediatric practice. This review
aims to discuss the current knowledge on kidney transplant rejection in pediatric patients,
including epidemiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors. In addition, it seeks to
explore the latest advancements in biomarkers for early detection of rejection and evaluate
current and emerging immunosuppressive therapies. The possible outcomes of this
review include identifying gaps in current research, providing recommendations for future
studies, and suggesting strategies to enhance clinical practice. By synthesizing the
latest evidence, this review aims to contribute to improved long-term outcomes and quality
of life for pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Liposomal-Based Nanocarriers for Treating Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
Authors: Khasawneh Dyala M. , Oweis Rami J. , Alsmadi Mo'tasem
Published: August 2024

Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are widespread microbic invasions of
the skin and deeper tissues. Topical drug delivery systems are the most favored administration
pathway when treating SSTIs. This is down to their minimal risk of inducing systemic adverse
events, reduced development of bacterial resistance, and ease of application. However, they have
several drawbacks, including the lack of control over the drug release profile, skin irritations, and
the limited permeability of certain compounds through the skin. To address these limitations, several
nanocarrier systems were developed, with nanoliposomes standing out as the leading delivery
system for the topical management of SSTIs. Despite considerable research into liposomes over
the past decade, there remains a gap in detailed knowledge about designing these carriers specifically
for SSTIs. Consequently, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research that focuses on
the use of nanoliposomes for SSTIs and offers an extensive understanding of both SSTIs and liposomal
formulations. This review explores bacterial SSTIs, covering their epidemiology, classification,
microbiology, and management. It emphasizes the contribution of liposome-based nanovesicles
in enhancing the local administration of antibiotics and natural antibacterial compounds for
SSTI management. It also delves into the effects of liposomal formulation changes on the disease
therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, it provides a guide for aligning the characteristics of the liposomes
with the infection types, depths, properties, and causative agents. This signifies a substantial
leap forward in the domains of drug design, development, and delivery.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Drug Development and Delivery
Authors: Aundhia Chintan , Parmar Ghanshyam , Talele Chitrali , Shah Niyati , Talele Dipali
Published: August 2024

This review explores the transformative impact of AI on drug development and delivery
in pharmaceutical sciences, spanning formulation design, real-time monitoring, targeted delivery,
and future prospects. The rational design of smart drug carriers, such as AI-optimized liposomes
for cancer therapy, optimizes formulations for individual patient needs. AI-driven sensors,
exemplified by glucose-monitoring biosensors for diabetics, enable adaptive drug administration,
enhancing precision. Despite promises, challenges like biocompatibility, regulations, and ethics
persist. Interdisciplinary collaboration and transparent communication are crucial for responsible
AI adoption. Anticipated trends include personalized dosage optimization and intelligent nanocarriers.
The review underscores AI's potential in reshaping pharmaceuticals for patient-centric care
while addressing challenges for widespread adoption.
Antidepressant Properties of a Four-compound Cocktail Identified from Si-Ni-San by HIF-1 Pathway Modulation
Authors: An Na , Zhang Dongxing , Xin Jile , Zhang Xinyi , Zhang Zhijuan , Ma Ligang , Zhao Le , Wu Huimin , Feng Weisheng , Zheng Xiaoke
Published: August 2024

Background:

Si-Ni-San (SNS) is the formula prescription of Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM) with anti-depression properties, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective:

This study provides novel approaches for the study of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) and offers new opportunities for exploring the pharmacological properties of SNS.

Methods:

The ingredients in SNS implicated in the treatment of depression were identified and
studied using network pharmacology. SwissTargetPrediction and molecular docking were used
to study the interaction of SNS ingredients and their targets. The protective effect of these ingredients
and their cocktail in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) exposed to corticosterone
(Cor) were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, 2',7'-dichlorodihydro
fluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
assay, and in-cell Western analysis.

Results:

The network pharmacology study showed that the HIF-1 signaling pathway was the
most crucial pathway implicated in the anti-depressive property of SNS. MAPK1 (ERK2),
MAPK3 (ERK1), AKT1, VEGFA, STAT3, and EGF were identified as hub target proteins in
the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Quercetin, naringenin, licochalcone A, and kaempferol from SNS,
which targeted the six proteins mentioned above, were used to create a cocktail. This cocktail
exerted protective properties, decreased the oxidative stress in PC12 exposed to Cor, and successfully
regulated the expressions of AKT1, p-AKT1, ERK1, ERK2, p-ERK1/2, STAT3, p-
STAT3, and VEGFA induced by Cor exposure. The SwissTargetPrediction and molecular docking
study showed that the cocktail may regulate the HIF-1 signaling pathway by directly binding
with AKT1 and MAPK1.

Conclusion:

The cocktail from SNS comprised of quercetin, naringenin, licochalcone A, and
kaempferol exerts anti-depression potentiality by modulating the HIF-1 signaling pathway via
direct interactions with AKT1 and MAPK1.
Advanced Nanotechnological Approaches for Effective Delivery of Rutin: An Updated Review
Authors: Bansal Keshav , Bhati Hemant , Singh Vanshita , Pratap Uday
Published: August 2024

Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring compounds that have intriguing biological
activities. Among these compounds is rutin, a polyphenolic flavanol found in many plants, including
passion flowers, buckwheat seed, fruits and fruit rinds, and citrus fruits (such as orange,
grapefruit, lemon, and lime). Various studies have demonstrated rutin to possess antibacterial, antifungal,
antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-adipogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-apoptotic,
anti-osteoporotic, radioprotective, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, and nephroprotective activities.
Despite its benefits, rutin's therapeutic applicability is severely limited due to its low water
solubility, sensitivity to oxidation, and dissolving rate. However, these problems can be overcome
by employing an efficient delivery approach. An extensive number of nanocarriers can be
developed for medicinal use if pre-clinical as well as human-clinical studies are completed. The
current review presents an overview of effective rutin nano-formulations for targeted therapy in
various health disorders. This review article discusses the clinical evidence, current status, as well
as future opportunities of rutin nanocarriers for increasing rutin's bioactivity for possible medicinal
uses.
Analysis of Free Vibration Properties of Smart Functionally Graded Porous Beam
Authors: Vikrant Rohit , Sarangi Saroj Kumar
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The main purpose of this research work is to examine the free vibration performance
of a Smart Functionally Graded (SFG) porous composite beam having non-uniform porosity
distribution (PD) with non-linear elastic moduli and mass density along the direction of thickness
considering symmetric as well as asymmetric PD. This research work addresses the lack of literature
regarding the analysis and the effect of variation of the slenderness Ratio (SR), Porosity Coefficient
(PC), and Voltage levels on the free vibration properties of the SFG porous beam considering
different boundary conditions and porosity distribution.

Background:

The Smart Functionally Graded (SFG) porous beam is a Functionally Graded (FG)
Porous beam integrated with the PZT-4 piezoelectric material on the top layer. The free vibration
properties of the considered beam have been examined and analyzed using the ANSYS software.

Objective:

The objectives of this work are:-
To analyze the impact of variations of voltage levels and slenderness ratios on the free vibration
properties of the SFG beam.
To showcase the effect of variation in the porosity coefficient on the dimensionless fundamental
frequencies of the SFG considering 4 boundary conditions at different porosity distributions and
voltage levels.

Method:

The research work studies and analyzes the performance of the SFG porous beam considering
the equations of Timoshenko beam theory. To simulate the results and analyze the various
effects, the ANSYS software has been utilized in this paper.

Results:

Experimental data demonstrates that:
(1) Among all 4 boundary conditions considered in this research work, C-C has the highest natural
frequency while C-F gives the lowest value of natural frequency.
(2) An increase in PC causes an increase in DFF of SFG beams with PD1 whereas it decreases for
beams with PD2.
(3) As the SR of the beam increases, the DFF of the beams with both PD1 and PD2 decreases for
both voltage levels V=20V and V=100 V.
(4) The natural frequency of the SFG beam increases as the voltage level is increased from 20V to
100V.

Conclusion:

The free vibration of the SFG porous beam (made up of PZT-4 piezoelectric material)
has been examined and analyzed using the ANSYS software. Various results were obtained from
the simulation and these have been showcased in different Tables and Figures. The performance of
the considered SFG porous beam has been investigated for 2 different Porosity Distributions (PD1
and PD2) by varying PC and SR.

Others:

This research work also analyzes the impact of variation of PC, voltage levels, and SR on
the free vibration properties of the SFG beam.
Qualitative Tests for Carbohydrate Detection
Authors: Sarkar Mrittika , Hait Sinchan , Joshi Sai
Published: August 2024

Qualitative tests for the determination of carbohydrates in the given sample
are a crucial part of before getting into major analytical procedures. Every mono-,
oligo-, and poly-saccharide vary depending upon the number of carbohydrate molecule
present in it as well as changes in the side chains. Thus, every carbohydrate molecule
has distinct functions and properties. Depending upon these physio-chemical properties
of the carbohydrates, they respond to certain specific chemical reactions under certain
conditions. Only mono- and dis-saccharides respond to the solubility test as they are
soluble in water at room temperature. The Molisch test is only for the determination of
the presence of carbohydrate, not depending on the types of it. The iodine test gives a
result for polysaccharides. Whereas Fehling, Benedict and Osazone tests distinguish
between reducing and non-reducing sugars. The Bradford test differentiates between
mono- and di-saccharide-reducing sugars. Seliwanoff test is only for sucrose which is a
non-reducing sugar. Bial’s test is to determine the presence of pentose sugars.
Introduction to Proteins
Authors: Hait Sinchan , Joshi Sai
Published: August 2024

Proteins are the ambidexterity macromolecules which play a crucial role in
biological processes. Through proteins, genetic information is expressed. They exhibit
enormous functions which are crucial in various pathways. Some proteins act as an
enzyme which is vital for catalyzing various metabolic reactions in living cells. All
proteins are made up of amino acids which join together via a peptide bond to form a
polypeptide chain which is a precursor for the further development of protein. A
nascent protein undergoes several post-translational modifications to achieve its true
function. Based on the amino acids present in the protein, its function determines its
role as hormones, enzymes, antibodies, transporters, etc. In this chapter, a brief
introduction to protein’s structure and function is discussed.
Qualitative Tests for Protein Detection
Authors: Hait Sinchan
Published: August 2024

Qualitative tests are the primary assays for detecting the presence of any
protein in a given sample. Qualitative detection of proteins is based on the chemical
interactions between amino acids and certain chemical reagents added to them. These
chemical reactions yield colour formation, which corresponds to specific amino acid or
a group of amino acids present in the sample. In this chapter, some of such most
important assays for qualitative analysis are discussed in detail.
Introduction to Nucleic Acids
Authors: Joshi Sai , Hait Sinchan , Ghosal Ahiree
Published: August 2024

Nucleic acids are biomolecules which carry all the genetic information in the
form of DNA and RNA. The nucleic acids are composed of primarily a 5-carbon sugar,
a phosphate and a nitrogenous basis. These nitrogenous bases can be adenine, guanine,
thymine, cytosine and uracil. Nucleic acids can be measured qualitatively by UV
absorbance, diphenylamine method/orcinol method, fluorescence dyes and capillary
electrophoresis. It can be measured qualitatively by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Purification of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Joshi Sai , Hait Sinchan , Patel Niriksha
Published: August 2024

Besides qualitative and quantification of nucleic acids, purification is an
integral part of any genetic engineering experiments. In genetic engineering
experiments, the purity of nucleic acid matters the most. Nucleic acid purification can
be achieved by the phenol-chloroform method, alcohol-based purification, agarose gel
electrophoresis, and chromatographic purification. These purifications are based on the
interactions between bases of nucleic acids and chemical reagents. In this chapter,
nucleic acid purification is explained in detail.
Significant Experimental Hazard: Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Authors: Joshi Sai , Sah Anshika , Hait Sinchan
Published: August 2024

A safety data sheet or SDS is a datasheet prepared by the manufacturer to
illuminate the user about any potential hazard and preserved by the owner. SDS also
provides information about the handling and working of the product. SDS is also
known as a material safety data sheet (MSDS) or product safety data sheet (PSDS). It
must include information about the physical, environmental health, and health hazards;
safety precautions, and protective measurements; transportation and storing. Guidelines
for the preparation of such SDS are laid down by the occupational safety and health
administration (OSHA). This chapter briefly explains the SDS of the significant
experimental hazards of those chemicals used in the previous chapters.
A Comprehensive Study of Natural Language Processing
Authors: Vashisht Rohit , Deshmukh Sonia , Gangal Ambrish , Singh Garima
Published: August 2024

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has received a lot of interest in the
current era of digitization due to its capacity to computationally show and analyze
human behaviours. Machine transformation, email spam recognition, information
mining, and summarization, as well as medical and inquiry response, are just a few of
the many tasks it is used for today. The development of NLP from the 1950s to 2023,
with various outcomes in the specified period of time, has been outlined in this article.
In addition, the fundamental NLP working components are used to show the analogy
between the processing done by the human brain and NLP. Major NLP applications
have been explored with examples. Last but not least, significant challenges and
possible future directions in the same field have been highlighted.
Natural Language Processing: Basics, Challenges, and Clustering Applications
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit
Published: August 2024

Natural Language Processing (NLP) involves the use of algorithms and
models and various computational techniques to analyze, process, and generate natural
language data, including speech and text. NLP helps computers interact with humans in
a more natural way, which has become increasingly important as more humancomputer interactions take place. NLP allows machines to process and analyze
voluminous unstructured data, including social media posts, newspaper articles,
reviews from customers, emails, and others. It helps organizations extract insights,
automate tasks, and improve decision-making by enabling machines to understand and
generate human-like language. A linguistic background is essential for understanding
NLP. Linguistic theories and models help in developing NLU systems, as NLP
specialists need to understand the structure and rules of language. NLU systems are
organized into different components, including language modelling, parsing, and
semantic analysis. NLU systems may be assessed through the use of metrics that
includes measures like precision and recall, as well as indicators that convey
meaningful information that include F1 score and others. Semantics and knowledge
representation are central to NLU, as they involve understanding the meaning of words
and sentences and representing this information in a way that machines can use.
Approaches to knowledge representation include semantic networks, ontologies, and
vector embeddings. Language modelling is an essential step in NLP that sees usage in
applications like speech recognition, text generation, and text completion and also in
areas such as machine translation. Ambiguity Resolution remains a major challenge in
NLP, as language is often ambiguous and context-dependent. Some common
applications of NLP include sentiment analysis, chatbots, virtual assistants, machine
translation, speech recognition, text classification, text summarization, and information
extraction. In this chapter, we show the applicability of a popular unsupervised learning
technique, viz., clustering through K-Means. The efficiency provided by the K-Means
algorithm can be improved through the use of an optimization loop. The prospects for
NLP are promising, with an increasing demand for AI-powered language technologies
in various industries, including healthcare, finance, and e-commerce. There is also a
growing need for ethical and responsible AI systems that are transparent and
accountable.
Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Das Subhranil , Singh Raghwendra Kishore , Thakur Abhishek
Published: August 2024

Natural Language Processing is an emerging reaserch field within the realm
of AI which centres around empowering machines with the ability to comprehend,
interpret, and produce human language. The field of NLP encompasses a wide range of
practical applications, such as facilitating machine translation, analyzing sentiment,
recognizing speech, classifying text, and developing question-answering systems. This
restatement ensures the avoidance of plagiarism by presenting the information in a
unique and original manner. This chapter provides a comprehensive guide to NLP and
its various components. Also, Deep Learning (DL) techniques are applied by
incorporating architectures and other optimization methods in NLP. It delves into the
use of DL for text representation, classification, sequence labelling, and generation,
including Language Modelling, Conditional Generation, and Style Transfer. Moreover,
it covers the practical applications of Deep Learning in NLP, such as Chatbots and
virtual assistants, information retrieval and extraction, text summarization and
generation, and sentiment analysis and opinion mining. This chapter highlights the
importance of word and sentence embeddings in NLP and their role in representing
textual data for machine learning models. It also covers the different types of text
classification, such as binary, multi-class, and hierarchical classification, and their
respective use cases. Additionally, the chapter utilizes the application of DL for
sequence labelling tasks. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the use of Deep Learning
for text generation, including language modelling, conditional generation, and style
transfer. Overall, this chapter provides readers with a comprehensive guide to the
application of DL techniques in NLP, covering both theoretical concepts and practical
applications.
Natural Language Processing: A Historical Overview, Current Developments, and Future Prospects
Authors: Saini Neha , Neha Bentham Science Publisher , Singh Manjeet
Published: August 2024

The present era of information technology makes use of natural
language—the language we use every day for communication—for human-computer
interaction. Natural Language Processing, often known as NLP, has recently attracted a
lot of attention because of the fact that it can computationally represent and analyze
human language. It is currently applicable in a wide range of contexts, including
machine translation, the detection of spam in email, the collection and summarization
of information, the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions, and the response to
questions. The chapter delineates several phases of NLP and provides the background
and development of NLP, and cutting-edge NLP techniques by showcasing the
numerous NLP applications, current trends, and potential future directions.
The Linguistic Frontier: Unleashing the Power of Natural Language Processing in Cybersecurity
Authors: Srivastava Aviral , Parmar Viral
Published: August 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of the role of Natural
Language Processing (NLP) in fortifying cybersecurity measures. As the digital
landscape continues to evolve, the complexity and frequency of cyber threats have
necessitated the integration of advanced, intelligent solutions. NLP, a subfield of
artificial intelligence (AI) concerned with the interaction between computers and
human language, presents a compelling methodology to enhance cybersecurity
defenses. This chapter elucidates the multifaceted applications of NLP within the
cybersecurity realm, providing a detailed examination of ten distinct areas, including
but not limited to malware classification, social engineering attack detection, and
predictive analytics for cyber threats. Leveraging NLP techniques, we posit that
cybersecurity processes can be significantly optimized, bolstering rapid response times
and amplifying the overall security posture. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the
challenges that may arise in deploying NLP for cybersecurity, including data quality,
domain-specific language intricacies, and ethical considerations. The discussion
culminates in outlining potential future research directions, emphasizing the need for
improved NLP algorithms, cross-domain integration, and the importance of adversarial
NLP in maintaining robust security systems. This chapter serves as a guidepost in the
journey toward an enriched cybersecurity framework powered by the linguistic
capabilities of NLP.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Issues Related to Women's Health
Authors: Maurya Rahul , Thirupataiah Boini , Misro Lakshminaryana , Shukla Ajay Kumar
Published: August 2024

Women’s health conditions are way different from men’s; they undergo
various health issues like infertility, premenstrual syndrome, menopause,
dysmenorrhea, and cyclic mastalgial effects. To avoid the high-risk side effects burden
of conventional medicine practice, women may use complementary and alternative
therapies (CATs) for chronic gynecological conditions. Complementary and alternative
therapies are an integral part of modern healthcare, offering patients a range of options
to address their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. As CATs continue to evolve, it
is essential to prioritize rigorous research, collaboration, and evidence-based practice to
effectively guide their integration into mainstream healthcare. They are classified into
five major categories: mind-body interventions, biologically-based therapies,
manipulative and body-based methods, energy therapies, and whole medical systems.
These therapies are commonly used for managing chronic conditions, pain relief, stress
reduction, and improving overall well-being. This chapter provides a succinct overview
of CATs, highlighting their increasing popularity, diverse nature, the need for rigorous
evaluation, and the role of CATs on women’s health conditions. In addition, this
chapter describes the importance of herbal medicines in women’s lifecycles. Also, this
chapter outlines the key aspects of CATs, including their classification, usage patterns,
evidence-based assessment, and integration into mainstream healthcare.
Breast Cancer Screening and Treatment, Breastfeeding, and Breast Milk
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Yadav Vimal Kumar , Yadav Vishnu Prasad , Mishra Manoj Kumar , Maurya Rahul , Mishra Rahul Kumar , Dubey Rama Shankar
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer (BRC), a frequent type of cancer, affects women all over the
world. Breast cancer screening, which is crucial for the effective treatment of breast
cancer, includes mammography, clinical breast exams, and breast self-examination.
BRC treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation
therapy. Breastfeeding lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and ovarian
cancer. Breastfeeding has been related to a lower risk of developing breast cancer. The
immune components in breast milk protect infants from diseases and infections,
including breast cancer. Recent data indicate that breastfeeding duration and
exclusivity may be significant variables in the link between breastfeeding, breast milk,
and breast cancer. Hormone therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment
depend on the extent of the tumor. Surgery may involve a mastectomy or a breastconserving procedure. Chemotherapy is a sort of systemic therapy that employs
chemicals to kill cancer cells and is typically combined with other medical procedures.
Following surgery, radiation therapy is routinely used to eliminate cancer cells by using
high-energy beams. A medication called hormonal therapy blocks the hormones that
some kinds of BRC use to grow. This chapter will give an overview of BRC detection
and therapy as well as any possible BRC prevention benefits of breastfeeding and
breast milk.
Unmet Needs in Terms of Existing Contraception and Family Planning Methods
Authors: Sharma Disha , Jayronia Sonali , Sambhakar Sharda , Vishwakarma Pratik Kumar , Tripathi Shivendra Mani
Published: August 2024

Unwanted pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs are significant global
public health issues. Increased contraceptive usage in poorer nations over the past 20
years has reduced maternal fatalities by 40% through a decline in unplanned births.
Starting contraception at any stage of the menstrual cycle is generally safe, promoting
health and reproductive autonomy. Meeting the unmet demand for contraception could
prevent an additional 30% of maternal fatalities. Contemporary contraceptives offer
advantages for Women's health, surpassing the disadvantages. Postpartum contraception
timing and substance are being modified to address issues like unwanted pregnancies
and rapid, recurrent pregnancies. Progestin-only contraceptives can be initiated
immediately after childbirth, and any suitable method is safe following abortion or
early pregnancy loss. Delaying contraception based on periods or appointments puts
individuals at needless risk. To encourage contraceptive use, clinicians should inform
patients about common side effects, provide comprehensive information on available
options, respect patient preferences, and remove barriers to access. The adolescent
prenatal period is a pressing concern, requiring changes in laws and customs to state
young individuals' requirements. Limited access to family planning (FP) resources and
services affects adolescents, while cultural traditions and legislation hinder their access
to medical care. Abortions among young women have increased and become more
physically distressing. Addressing these challenges necessitates comprehensive
reproductive healthcare services, education, policy changes, and improved access to
contraception. By prioritizing these efforts, we can reduce maternal fatalities, empower
individuals to make informed reproductive choices and support the well-being of
women and adolescents globally.
Bone Health and Menopause: Understanding and Remodeling
Authors: Mishra Apoorva , Kumari Soni , Das Saumya , Das Manas Kumar , Ojha Smriti , Verma Rohit Kumar
Published: August 2024

Menopause is a physiological condition that is caused by mainly ovarian
disorders brought on by apoptosis. With age, ovarian function decreases. During
menopause, women experience a wide range of symptoms and health problems,
including cognition decline, heart disease, urogenital diseases, and bone fracture risk,
all of which are connected to the body's declining estrogen levels. Menopause is the
biggest risk factor in women over 49 to 50 years of age who have osteoporosis. The
lack of estrogen encountered during the stages of perimenopause and menopause has
been linked to osteoporosis. Early menopause (before age 45), along with any
protracted period of low hormone levels and irregular or absent menstrual cycles,
results in bone mass loss. Osteoporosis is a degenerative disorder sometimes
recognized as a “silent disease” that raises the possibility of fractures caused by
fragility and is characterized by a loss of bone mass and an erosion of bone structure.
According to the statement, osteoporosis is both gravely underdiagnosed and
undertreated. In postmenopausal women, managing their bone health entails identifying
and lowering fracture risk factors through nonpharmacologic initiatives, taking
medications that increase bone density and strength, minimizing risk factors through
changes in lifestyle and diet, as well as using pharmacologic therapy.
Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise, Aniseed)
Authors: Kılıç Ceyda Sibel
Published: August 2024

Pimpinella anisum L. is an aromatic species of the Apiaceae (Parsley)
family, commonly known as anise or aniseed. Fruits of the plant, which are also known
as seeds, have widespread usage throughout the world for culinary and medicinal
purposes, in cosmetics industry, and also is used in the flavoring of some alcoholic
beverages, candies etc. Usage of the plant for medicinal purposes dates back to ancient
Egypt and the plant is currently being used mainly for its digestive properties and
hormonal activities such as increasing milk production in breast feeding mothers. The
plant is sometimes confused with star anise, another species called Illicium verum
Hook. f. from Schisandraceae family due to the fact that they both have trans-anethole
within the composition of their volatile oils, though anise is an annual herbaceous plant
and star anise is an evergreen tree. In this chapter composition, traditional usages,
biological activities and some issues related to the utilization of this world-renowned
plant are focused on.
PENDUGAAN UMUR SIMPAN KUKIS KECAMBAH KEDELAI TERELISITASI DENGAN METODE ACCELERATED SHELF LIFE TESTING MODEL ARRHENIUS
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Ardyanti Dwi Kusuma , Yuwono Sudarminto Setyo ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Septifani Riska ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2024

Kukis merupakan jenis biskuit dengan bahan baku berupa tepung dan lemak. Lemak dalam kukis dapat mengalami oksidasi yang membuat mutu produk kukis menurun. Penurunan mutu produk kukis dapat mempengaruhi umur simpan produk, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pendugaan umur simpan pada kukis kecambah kedelai terelisitasi. Pada pendugaan umur simpan ini digunakan metode ASLT dengan model Arrhenius. Produk kukis akan disimpan pada suhu 35oC, 45oC dan 55oC, selanjutnya akan dilakukan pengujian kadar thiobarbituric acid (TBA) pada kukis sebagai parameter kritis selama penyimpanan setiap satu minggu sekali. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa produk kukis kecambah kedelai memiliki kadar awal TBA sebesar 1.05 mg malonaldehid/kg dan kadar akhir TBA 2.55 mg malonaldehid/kg sampel. Dari data kadar TBA selama penyimpanan dibuat plot Arrhenius dan didapatkan persamaan y = -4670.1x + 10.318 dan energi aktivasi 38827.35 J/mol.K sehingga diperoleh umur simpan kukis kecambah kedelai terelisitasi pada suhu 25oC adalah 10.60 bulan.
A Machine Learning-based Framework Using Clinical Laboratory Parameters to Support Participant Enrollment in Clinical Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Seong Sook Jin , Shon Byungeun , Choi Eun Jung , Gwon Mi-Ri , Lee Hae Won , Park Jaechan , Chung Ho-Young , Jeong Sungmoon , Yoon Young-Ran
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Insufficient participant enrollment is a major factor responsible for clinical trial failure.

OBJECTIVE

We formulated a machine learning (ML)-based framework using clinical laboratory parameters to identify participants eligible for enrollment in clinical trials.

METHODS

We acquired records of 11,592 patients with gastric cancer from the electronic medical records of Kyungpook National University Hospital in Korea from 2011 to 2019. Eight clinical laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin, neutrophil count, platelet count, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine, and their acquisition dates were used for ML model development. The dataset was divided into training and test sets: a training dataset was collected from 2011 to 2018 to design an ML-based candidate selection method, and a test dataset was collected in 2019 to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The generalization performance of the ML-based method was confirmed using the F1 score and the area under the curve (AUC). The proposed model was compared with a random selection method to evaluate its efficacy in recruiting participants.

RESULTS

The receiver operating characteristic curves of each clinical parameter ranged from 0.789 to 0.915, confirming the good performance of test results. Using ML, we extracted patients in the order of the highest predicted probability and identified valid candidates. The proposed ML model identified valid clinical trial subjects faster than random selection methods, demonstrating a maximum workload reduction of 57%.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed ML-based framework using clinical laboratory parameters can be used to identify patients eligible for a clinical trial, enabling faster participant enrollment.

CLINICALTRIAL

KNUH 2020-04-023
Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women at Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Andoko Dewanto , Hendrik Hendrik , Moningkey Shirley , Soeryani R Wianti , Sungono Veli
Published: August 2024

Background: Preeclampsia is a common medical complication during pregnancy, affecting approximately 5-15% of all pregnancies. This research aims to identify factors influencing the occurrence of preeclampsia at a Primary care clinic in Bandar Selamat, Tembung, Medan, in the year 2023. Method: This study adopts a cross-sectional approach, involving pregnant women with a gestational age of ≥20 weeks who visited the primary care clinic in Bandar Selamat, Tembung, Medan, from July to December 2023. A total of 37 respondents were sampled using convenience sampling. The dependent variable was the occurrence of preeclampsia, while independent variables included age, parity, medical history, calcium supplementation, and employment history. Multivariate analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23. Result: 16.8% of the respondents experienced preeclampsia. Additionally, 21.6% were in the unhealthy reproductive age group, 72.9% were primigravida, 13.5% had a medical history, 43.2% had poor calcium supplementation, and 40.5% were employed. Multivariate analysis revealed that Age (P-value: 0.044, OR: 24.5, 95% CI: 1.082 - 556.407), Parity (P-value: 0.252, OR: 4.926, 95% CI: 0.32 - 75.4), History of Chronic Disease (P-value: 0.32, OR: 40.484, 95% CI: 1.37 - 1196.2), Calcium Supplementation (P-value: 0.167, OR: 11.582, 95% CI: 0.3 - 374.8), and Employment Status (P-value: 0.679, OR: 1.849, 95% CI: 0.1 - 33.87) are associated with preeclampsia. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age, parity, history of chronic disease, and the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women at the primary care clinic in Bandar Selamat, Tembung, Medan. History of Chronic Disease is the most influential variable (OR: 40.484).
IMAGE GUIDED FNAC OF HEPATOBILIARY LESIONS WITH RADIOLOGICAL CORRELATION.
Authors: PRERNA CHHABRA  , SARITA NIBHORIA  , SAHIL CHHABRA  , SHIVANI PURI
Published: August 2024

Objective: The clinical and radiological presentations of both primary and metastatic hepatobiliary tumours can be similar–as a space occupying focal mass. FNAC can play a decisive diagnostic role minimizing the requirement of biopsy. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate various hepatic and gall bladder lesions on the basis of their cytomorphological features upon Ultrasound/CT guided FNAC and to study their correlation with radiological findings.
Methods: The patients presenting with liver enlargement, gall bladder masses, radiologic evidence of focal/diffuse and nodular hepatic lesions were subjected to ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration, which was performed using 22-gauge lumbar puncture needle with 20/50 cc disposable syringe under ultrasound/CT guidance. Subsequently smears were fixed and stained according to standard protocol and cytomorphological examination was done in the department of pathology. Analytical tests (Mc-nemar’s test for p-value and kappa test test for kappa value) were applied for cytological and radiological correlation.
Results: Among 100 patients, liver lesions accounted for 79 cases and gallbladder lesions accounted for 21 cases. On FNAC, liver lesions were categorized into 91.23% cases of neoplastic lesions, 6.33% as non-neoplastic lesions and 2.53% as indeterminate/non-diagnostic cases. Radiological-cytological correlation was seen in 43/79 cases (54.43%). Gall bladder lesions were categorized into 9.52% as non-neoplastic, 85.71% as neoplastic and 4.77% as indeterminate/non-diagnostic. Radiological-cytological correlation was seen in 7/21 cases (31.25%).
Conclusion: Radiologically guided fine needle aspiration is a very useful test in diagnosing liver and gall bladder lesions as it is simple to perform, cost-effective, safe and a quick procedure leading to early diagnosis.
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT NON-FERMENTING GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI OTHER THAN P. AERUGINOSA AND A. BAUMANNII COMPLEX CAUSING INFECTIONS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A THERAPEUTIC CONCERN
Authors: MITISHA SONI  , GARIMA SAIGAL  , DEEPTI CHAURASIA  , RAJAT SONI
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify the various unusual multidrug-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-NFGNB) other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species isolated from the clinical specimens and to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 at a tertiary care teaching hospital identified unusual MDR NFGNB from clinical specimens using standard procedures and antibiotic susceptibility was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (including colistin susceptibility testing by broth microdilution).
Results: A total of 523 unusual NF-GNB were isolated from 21,019 culture-positive clinical samples, of which 185 (35.3%) were MDR. Majority of these unusual NF-GNB isolated were from pus specimen (43.2%) followed by blood (22.7%). Out of 185 non-duplicate MDR non-fermenters, the most common were Acinetobacter lwoffii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas luteola, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Alcaligenes, Ralstonia pickettii, Sphingomonas, and Chryseobacterium indologenes.
Conclusion: Any unusual NFGNB culture isolates from clinically significant infections should be correlated clinically for its pathogenic potential and identified using standard methods, to provide adequate and timely antibiotic coverage.