bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matinya Perusahaan Gara Gara SOP
Authors: Amalia Shafiera
Published: August 2019

Secara sederhana, Standar Operating Procedure (SOP) merupakan prosedur/alur/ cara/mekanisme kerja yang distandarisasi. Secara ideal, penerapan SOP di organisasi bisnis akan membawa organisasi tersebut ke arah yang lebih baik. Penerapan SOP akan membuat organisasi bekerja secara aktif, efektif dan efisien. Dalam konteks perusahaan swasta, penulis menyebutkan penyusunan dan penerapan SOP bertujuan sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan; menjamin kualitas produk; meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan; dan sarana untuk mengembangkan perusahaan. Namun, penulis sering mendapati bahwa SOP yang telah disusun ternyata tidak dapat diterapkan oleh perusahaan. SOP tersebut hanya menjadi dokumen dan tidak memberikan nilai tambah bagi perusahaan. Padahal, penyusunan SOP membutuhkan sumber daya manusia, finansial, dan waktu yang tidak sedikit. Buku ini akan mengulas secara gamblang dan tajam mengapa hal tersebut dapat terjadi. Sepanjang pengalaman pribadi penulis yang merupakan penyusun, pelaksana, evaluator dan pengembang SOP setidaknya ada 26 masalah yang menyebabkan SOP yang disusun oleh perusahaan tidak dapat diterapkan dan justru menimbulkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Beberapa masalah tersebut diantaranya adalah penyusun SOP yang tidak kompeten; SOP copy-paste dari perusahaan lain; SOP disusun tanpa didasarkan pada visi-misi perusahaan; dan SOP yang telah disusun tidak diterapkan.
Analisis potensi Daerah (Makro Ekonomi ) terhadap Kelayakan pendirian PT. BPR Arta Waringin Jaya Situbondo di Wilayah Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Suprihadi Suprihadi
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebuah kelayakan PT.BPR Arta Waringin Jaya dengan memfokuskan pada aspe potensi daerah (Makro Ekonomi). peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif. Penelitian ini fokus pada aspek minat masyarakat, tingkat persaingan lembaga keuangan, potensi tabungan, potensi kredit baru dan target pasar dalam penyaluran dan penghimpunan dana.
Metode analisa yang digunakan adalah uji kualitas data dan uji reliabilitas dengan hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat beberapa nilai korelasi lebih besar dari nilai cut off sebesar 0.3 dengan artian data bersifat valid dan reliabel dan analisis dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian pasar yang telah dilakukan untuk minat masyarakat terhadap BPR yang diukur dari keberadaan BPR di Banyuwangi, pelayanan yang diberikan, profesionalitas layanan, menawarkan produk yang menarik serta kemudahan dalam akses pelayanan perbankan dapat disimpulkan bahwa minat masyarakat merespons sangat positif terhadap keberadaan PT BPR Artha Waringin Situbondo.
MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA STMIK STIKOM INDONESIA
Authors: Mariani Wayan Eny
Published: August 2019

Sekolah tinggi atau perguruan tinggi memiliki peluang untuk memupuk jiwa wirausaha pada generasi muda sebelum mereka mulai memasuki dunia kerja yang sesungguhnya. STMIK STIKOM Indonesia adalah sekolah tinggi berbasis teknologi informasi yang mendorong mahasiswanya untuk berwirausaha. Untuk dapat mengetahui efektivitas penyelenggaraan pendidikan kewirausahaan serta minat mahasiswa STMIK STIKOM Indonesia dalam berwirausaha maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh kepribadian wirausaha, pengetahuan kewirausahaan, dan lingkungan pada minat berwirausaha mahasiswa STMIK STIKOM Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode survei. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa STMIK STIKOM Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuisioner. Simple random sampling merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah sampel. Data yang dikumpulkan diolah dan dianalisis dengan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kepribadian wirausaha, pengetahuan kewirausahaan dan lingkungan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa STMIK STIKOM Indonesia.
Kinerja Pendapatan Daerah Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Studi Kasus Provinsi Di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Juliarini Aniek
Published: August 2019

Provinsi di pulau Jawa merupakan provinsi dengan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang tinggi. Bahkan DKI Jakarta dan DI Yogyakarta menempati ranking pertama dan kedua IPM secara nasional pada tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana kinerja pendapatan daerah terhadap IPM di provinsi- provinsi di Pulau Jawa meliputi DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Banten, DI Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur, kemudian membandingkannya secara relative dengan capaian nasional. Pulau Jawa dipilih karena 58% Produk Domestik Bruto Indonesia berada di Jawa dan lebih dari 60% penduduk Indonesia tinggal di Pulau Jawa. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif yakni dengan menganalisis secara deskriptif terhadap hasil data yang diolah secara ekonometris. Data penelitian berupa data pendapatan daerah dan IPM provinsi tahun 2010â€”2016 diambil dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Regresi linier dilakukan dengan pendapatan daerah sebagai variable bebas dan IPM sebagai variable terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif dan sangat kuat dengan tingkat kepercayaan 99%, antara pendapatan daerah dengan IPM di seluruh provinsi di pulau Jawa. Dilihat dari besaran peningkatan IPM untuk setiap tambahan pendapatan maka provinsi DI Yogyakarta memiliki kinerja yang paling baik, diikuti Provinsi Banten, Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat, dan DKI Jakarta. Seluruh provinsi di Pulau Jawa menunjukkan kinerja di atas rata-rata provinsi secara nasional.Kata Kunci:Â pendapatan daerah, kinerja daerah, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia
Memberikan Motivasi Kepada Pasangan Yang Mengalami Stroke Disabilitas Fungsional di Rumah
Authors: Esti Amira , Johan Trimonarita
Published: August 2019

Stroke is brain function disorder which can suddenly occur at any time. It can also cause physical defect such as stroke in moving organs, speech disorder, thinking process as the result of brain function disorder. Physical defect caused by stroke does not only affect the patient but also his or her spouse. The patient will be emotionally and physically dependent on his or her spouse. The objective of this research was to explore deeply the meaning of support from a spouse in taking care of a stroke patient who underwent functional disability. The research used descriptive phenomenological study. The data were gathered by conducting in- depth interviews and field-note. There were 12 respondents, taken by using purposive sampling technique give motivation to the participants who have stroke of functional disabilities at home.  It is recommended that nurses,  as  educators  for  stroke  patients  apply their  knowledge  in  doing  their nursing care by involving the patients’ spouses and train them in taking care of stroke patients before discharging from hospitals. The respondents as the patients’ spouses should motivate and continuously lake the patients to the hospitals in order to see the patients’ development and to expedite the process of recovery.

 

Keywords: Motivation, Couple, Disability Stroke
Neuroticism polygenic risk score predicts 20-year burden of depressive symptoms for Whites but not Blacks
Authors: Assari Shervin , Javanbakht Arash , Saqib Mohammed , Helmi Hamid , Bazargan Mohsen , Smith Jennifer A.
Published: August 2019

Background. Black-White differences are reported in social, psychological, behavioral, medical, and biological correlates of depression. This study was conducted to compare Black and White older adults for the association between neuroticism polygenic risk score (N-PRS) and chronicity of depressive symptoms over 20 years.

Methods. Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 1990 – 2012, a nationally representative sample of Americans above age 50. Current analysis followed 9,249 individuals (7,924 Whites and 1,325 Blacks) for up to 22 years. Depressive symptoms were measured every two years between 1992 and 2012 using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D-8). The independent variable was N-PRS. The dependent variable was average depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012. Linear regression was used for data analysis.

Results. In the pooled sample, higher N-PRS was associated with higher average depressive symptoms over the 20-year follow up period [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.00 to 0.04], net of all covariates. We also found an interaction between race and N-PRS [b=-0.02, 95%CI=-0.03 to 0.00], suggesting a stronger effect of N-PRS on 20-year average depressive symptoms for Whites than Blacks. Based on our race-specific linear regression models, higher N-PRS was associated with higher depressive symptoms from 1992 to 2012 for Whites [b=0.01, 95%CI=0.01 to 0.02] but not Blacks [b=0.00, 95%CI=-0.02 to 0.02].

Conclusion. Black and White older adults may differ in the salience of the existing N-PRS for depressive symptoms, which better reflects the burden of depression for Whites than Blacks. This may be because the existing PRSs are derived from mostly or exclusively White samples, limiting their applicability in other race groups. Racial variation in psychosocial, clinical, and biological correlates of depression needs further research.
Abstracts Presented at 3rd International Conference on Clinical Orthopedics & Spine Biomechanics
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: August 2019

Abstracts Presented at 3rd International Conference on Clinical Orthopedics & Spine Biomechanics held at ISIC, New Delhi, India.
REYOG OBYOGAN IN PHOTO ESSAY
Authors: Nugroho Oki Cahyo , Tricana Deny Wahyu
Published: August 2019

Reyog is one of the traditional arts that shows a richness of Indonesian culture. This art is unique and interesting to be realized in the form of visual works and meaningful, especially the art of photography. Photography has an important role as a medium for delivering information in the form of images, moreover images are a universal language. This research uses the method of creation with stages, namely observation, exploration, selection, and correction as well as analysis and presentation of data in order to uncover the phenomena that occur in Reyog Ponorogo. The results of this study indicate that 1) the shooting of an essay about performance of reyog obyogan Ponorogo's typical requires adequate photographic technical mastery; 2) the use of digital processing can support the visualization of photos essays of reyog obyogan; and 3) the mastery of technical shooting and digital processing is able to portray the characteristics of the reyog obyogan that are distinctive and full of traditional aesthetic values.
Eradication Efforts of Drug Abuse in Indonesia
Authors: Zulkarnain
Published: August 2019

The danger of drug abuse has now become a serious double threat that is the destruction of the future and life plus prolonged suffering without hope of recovery due to the destruction of the immune system. This study deals with the eradication efforts of drug abuse in Indonesia. The subject of this study is drug abuse in the perspective of Islamic Law based on revelation and in the perspective of Indonesian positive law. The approach used in this study is comparative through juridical normative-telogic. The result shows that the concept of prevention and tackling of drugs in Islamic law in the form of preventive, refresive and educative. Whereas in Indonesian positive law through law No. 35 of 2009 in the form of preventive, refresive, curative and educative efforts and has made compulsory provisions for the rehabilitation of addicts and victims of drug abuse.
Biology of Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber) (Homoptera, Delphacidae)
Authors: Vasarainen Arja , Raatikainen Mikko
Published: August 2019

The biology of the Turkish Metadelphax propinqua population was investigated in Finland. The egg closely resembles that of other delphacids, and the five nymphal instars are distinguished by the characteristics of the legs. The adults were macropters, brachypters orintermediary form. At 22°C the duration of the egg stage was 12 d, that of the nymphal stage 19 d, and that of the female stage 51 d. The average number of eggs was 1112 per female. In the trials the planthoppers oviposited 3.3.-3.5 eggs per group in the sheath or blade of the leaf.
Response of parasitoids of the genus Peristenus Förster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) to temperature changes during the diapause
Authors: Bilewicz-Pawińska Teresa , Varis Anna-Liisa
Published: August 2019

Entomologica Fennica. Vol. 1:189. 3.XII. 1990
Short reports
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

The following reports have been presented during the last year at the meetings of the EntomologicalSociety of Finland (ESF), the Societas Entomologica Helsingforsiensis (SEH), the LepidopterologicalSociety of Finland (LSF) and the Entomological Club of the Zoologicaland Botanical Society of Turku(ECT). For biogeographical provinces, Finnish grid coordinates, and UTM squares, see insicle backcover.
The genus Prosciara Frey (Diptera, Sciaridae)
Authors: Hippa Heikki , Vilkamaa Pekka
Published: August 2019

The concept of Phytosciara Frey with the subgenera P. (Phytosciara), P. (Dolichosciara) and P. (Prosciara) is polyphyletic and the subgenera are treated as genera. Prosciara includes 1 Holarctic, 8 Palearctic and 28 Oriental species. The species are keyed and described, including the following new species: P. angustiloba sp. n. (Thailand), P. biceps sp. n. (Burma), P. bifida sp. n. (Burma), P. biloba sp. n. (Burma), P. collina sp. n. (Burma), P. crassidens sp. n. (Burma), P. decamera sp. n. (Burma), P. dolichochaeta sp. n. (Burma), P. duplex sp. n. (Burma), P. ensfera sp. n. (Burma), P. filichaeta sp. n. (Burma, Nepal), P. furcifera sp. n. (Burma), P. gemellata sp. n. (Burma), P. gibbosa sp. n. (Burma), P. glomerata sp. n. (Burma), P. latifurca sp. n. (Burma), P. latilingula sp. n. (Burma), P. megacera sp. n. (Burma), P. megachaeta sp. n. (Burma), P. mima sp. n. (Burma), P. pectinifera sp. n. (Japan), P. pentacanta sp. n. (Nepal), P. pentadactylasp. n. (Burma), P. plusiochaeta sp. n. (Finland), P. pollex sp. n. (Burma), P. processifera sp. n. (Burma), P. quantula sp. n. (Burma), P. tetrix sp. n. (Burma) and P. triloba sp. n. (Burma). Xenopygina Frey is not a synonym of Prosciara but an independent genus. It includes two species: X. hastata (Johannsen) n. comb. (USA) and X. paradoxa (Frey) (USSR).
Review: A Colour Atlas of Pests of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Flowers
Authors: Carlberg Ulf
Published: August 2019

Alford, D. V. 1991: A Colour Atlas of Pests of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Flowers. 448 pp., 10black-and-white illustrations, 1059 colour illustrations. Size 20.0 x 26.5 cm. - Wolfe publishingLtd., London. ISBN 0.7234-1643-5. Price GBP 75.
Permian fossil insects of North-East Europe: new and little-known ldeliidae (lnsecta, Plecopteroidea, Grylloblattida)
Authors: Storozhenko Sergey
Published: August 2019

New Permian taxa of the family Ideliidae from North-East Europe are described and the genus Permotermopsis Martynov is revised. New taxa: Stenaropodites sojanensis sp. n., S. mistshenkoi sp. n., S. magna sp. n.; Idelinella macroptera gen. et sp. n; Idelina kamensis gen. et sp. n; Khosaridelia martynovi gen. et sp.n.; Sojanidelia gen.n.; S.maculosa sp.n.; S. fasciata sp.n.; S. multimediana sp. n.; S. vorkutensis sp. n.; S. longula sp. n.; S. parvula sp. n.; S. nana sp. n.; S. makarkini sp. n.; S. fluctuosa sp. n.; S. lineata sp. n. and S. striata sp. n. A key to 12 species of Sojanidelia is given, and one species, S. kostinae (Sharov, 1961) comb. n., is transferred from Metidelia Martynov to Sojanidelia gen. n.
Ephedrus (Ephedrus) koponeni sp. n. from Finland (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae)
Authors: Halme Jussi
Published: August 2019

A new Ephedrus species is described. It is related to E. cerasicola Stařy and E. vaccinii Gärdenfors. The host is Elatobium abietinum (Walker) on Picea abies.
Review: The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera - their History and Meaning
Authors: Mikkola Kauri
Published: August 2019

Emmet, A. M. 1991 : The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera - their History and Meaning. - Harley Books, Colchester, 288 pp. ISBN 0 946589 36 6. price GBP 24.95
Index to genera and species, Volume 1 (1990)
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

Vol. 1 No. 4 1990
Contents, Volume 1 (1990)
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

Vol. 1 No. 4 1990
Contents, Volume 2 (1991)
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

Vol. 2 No. 4 1991
lndex to genera and species, Volume 3 (1992)
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

Entomologica Fennica. 3.XII.1992
Review: The Tettigoniidae Biology, Systematics and Evolution
Authors: Carlberg Ulf
Published: August 2019

Bailey, W. J. & Rentz, D. C. F. (eds. ) 1990: The Tettigoniidae Biology, Systematics and Evolution. 395 pp., 177 black-and-white and 20 colour illustrations, 13 tables. Size 17.5 x 25.0 cm. - SpringerVerlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, etc. Hardbound, ISBN 3-540-52819-9 & 0-387-52819-9.Pnce 198 DEM.
Bibliography of Esko Kangas (7 January 1906 -26 December 1992)
Authors: Mannerkoski Ilpo
Published: August 2019

Entomologica Fennica. 29.III.1993
Hemiptera of lraq. ll. Cydnidae, Thaumastellidae, Pentatomidae, Stenocephalidae, Coreidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae, and Pyrrhocoridae
Authors: Linnavuori Rauno
Published: August 2019

The article contains a list of the known records of the Cydnidae, Thaumastellidae, Pentatomidae, Stenocephalidae, Coreidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae, and Pyrrhocoridae of Iraq and Kuwait. Notes on the biology and distributional data are also included. New synonymy: Aethus sahlbergi (Reuter) = A. hispidulus (Klug). Lectotype is designated for Aethus sahlbergi (Reuter).
Identification and occurrence of phytoseiid mites (Gamasina: Phytoseiidae) in Finnish apple plantations and their surroundings
Authors: Tuovinen Tuomo
Published: August 2019

Twelve species in eight genera of the family Phytoseiidae have been found to occur on apple trees and an additional eight species on various trees or bushes in their surroundings in Finland. Identification keys, supported by figures, are presented for 23 species, including three introduced species. The keys are based on published literature and on the examination of adult females collected in 1985-1991. The aim of the keys and descriptions is to help non-taxonomist researchers with identification. Notes on the occurrence of the species on apple and other host plants in Finland are included.
Development of Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in cut trees of young pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) and log bolts in southern Finland
Authors: Tomminen Jyrki
Published: August 2019

The development ofthe later juvenile stages of Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier was studied under field conditions in southern Finland, with freshly cut young Scots pines and log bolts as breeding material. Females had oviposited on the breeding material in summer 1988, and observation of the material was continued until July 1991. To complete their life cycle the majority of the larvae appeared to need two years, although roughly 10% emerged following the first winter. Mortality was affected by loosening of the bark, drying of the wood, and probably by certain unidentified Diptera larvae.
Diptera in mines and other cave systems in southern Norway
Authors: Kjærandsen Jostein
Published: August 2019

The dipterous fauna in 32 mines, 5 caves and some other cave systems in southern Norway has been studied with regard to species composition and periodicity. Some 20 000 specimens belonging to 80 species in 18 families were recorded. Mycetophilidae (95.0% ), Culicidae (3.2%) and Heleomyzidae (1.3%), dominated. With the exception of Speolepta leptogaster (Winnertz, 1863) (Mycetophilidae), a possible troglophile, all species must be regarded as trogloxenes, most of them habitual trogloxenes inhabiting cave systems for hibernation. Some differences regarding species composition in dif6ferent cave systems and between western and eastem Norway were demonstrated. Seasonal occurrence and sex-ratios reflect different life cycle strategies and seasonal adaptations among the habitual trogloxenes: hibernators, (Mycetophilidae, Culicidae), aestivators (Limoniidae, Bolitophilidae), species which seek cave systems independent of sex and season (Heleomyzidae, Trichoceridae), and opportunists (Chironomidae, Phoridae?, Dixidae?). Species belonging to other families are most likely accidental trogloxenes.
The distribution of Odonata in Västerbotten and South Lapland, northern Sweden
Authors: Johansson Frank
Published: August 2019

Distribution maps for odonate species from the faunistic Swedish provinces Västerbotten, Åsele Lappmark and Lycksele Lappmark are presented. The maps are based on 176 localities sampled between 1986-1992. Twenty-four species were found in the area, and I 0 of these are classified as common, while two are very rare.
New species of Moritzoppia and Medioppia from the Beskidy Mountains, Poland (Acarina, Oribatida, Oppiidae)
Authors: Niemi Ritva , Skubała Piotr
Published: August 2019

Moritzoppia sharipovi sp. n. and Medioppia beskidyensis sp. n. are described from Poland. M. sharipovi is distinguished from other species by the rostrum, sensilli, the crista and the large size. M. beskidyensis differs from all other species by the tubercles in the posterior margin of the prodorsum, the form of the rostrum, the number of genital hairs and the fusiform sensilli. A new combination, Medioppia ordunensis (Iturrondobeitia & Salona, 1988) comb. n. is presented.
Acrosternum Fieber (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Linnavuori Rauno , Al-Safadi Mousa
Published: August 2019

The species of the genus Acrosternum inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula are revised. New species: A. curticeps sp. n.
Hemiptera of Iraq. Ill. Heteroptera, Miridae (Phylinae)
Authors: Linnavuori Rauno
Published: August 2019

An annotated list of the 76 species of the Miridae subfamily Phylinae known to occur in Iraq is presented. New synonymies: Chamaepsallus Wagner 1965 = Badezorus Distant 1910, Badezorus tyrianus Distant 1910 = Atomoscelis signaticornis Reuter 1904, Maurodactylus pictus Wagner 1975 = Psallus deserticola Wagner 1951, Campylomma minima Wagner 1960 and C. verticata Wagner 1961 =C. incerta Villiers 1956. New combinations: Chamaepsallus signaticornis (Reuter 1904) = Badezorus signaticornis (Reuter 1904 ), Chamaepsallus tomentosus (Reuter 1904) = Badezorus tomentosus (Reuter 1904).
Index to genera and species, Volume 4 (1993)
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

Entomologica Fennica. 9.XII.1993
Larval parasitism in outbreaking and non-outbreaking populations of Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
Authors: Ruohomäki Kai
Published: August 2019

Larval parasitism of Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen) was monitored during six years in field samples from within the outbreak range of E. autumnata in northern Fennoscandia, and outside it in southern Finland. All parasitoids found were hymenopterans. Six phenologically early species of parasitoids were found in populations within the outbreak range and three species outside the outbreak range. Two late larval parasitoid species were found within the outbreak range, but none outside the outbreak range. In half of the populations within the outbreak range, early larval parasitoids seemed to increase with a time lag. This is consistent with the cyclic population fluctuations of E. autumnata there. On a small spatial scale (among trees), however, parasitoids acted without a time lag. Parasitism rates by the early larval parasitoids are probably too low (mean 11%) for early parasitoids alone to keep densities of E. autumnata continuously at low levels outside the outbreak range in southern Finland.
Elachista fuscofrontella Sruoga (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) from Estonia, new to Europe, with description of the female
Authors: Albrecht Anders , Kaila Lauri
Published: August 2019

Elachista fuscofrontella Sruoga, previously known only from a single male from the Russian Far East, is now reported from Estonia. Diagnoses and descriptions of both sexes are presented.
The subgenus Tipula ( Tipula) in Finland and Estonia
Authors: Brodo Fenja
Published: August 2019

Only two species in the subgenus Tipula occur in Finland and in Estonia: paludosa Meigen, 1830 and subcunctans Alexander, 1921. Their distributions in Finland are mapped and their flight periods are compared. The erroneous inclusion of T. oleracea Linnaeus, 1758, to the Finnish and Estonian faunas is based on conflicting species concepts employed by different authors.
Review: Flycatcher - Memoirs of an amateur entomologist
Authors: Silfver Hans
Published: August 2019

Spencer, K. A. 1992: Flycatcher. Memoirs of an amateur entomologist.- SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague. 414 pp. IBSN 90-5103-072-X. Price DFL 190.
Lepidoptera of the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia¹
Authors: Kozlov Michail , Jalava Jukka
Published: August 2019

The annotated list of 585 species of Lepidoptera from the Kola Peninsula is the first comprehensive account from the area. It is based on results of a recent 14-years collecting as well as on the old materials collected by Finnish entomologists and on all the data published earlier. For each species, the localities are listed; position of all localities is indicated on the map; species numbers from localities and UTM squares are summarized. Eight species are new for Russia; six species collected along the White Sea coast were never recorded in Northern Fennoscandia. Eight species erroneously reported from the Kola Peninsula are excluded from the list.
The coleopteran fauna of Piptoporus betulinus and Fomes fomentarius (Aphyllophorales: Polyporaceae) in western Norway
Authors: Thunes Karl
Published: August 2019

Sporophores of Piptoporus betulinus (Bull. ex Fr.) Karst. and Fomes fomentarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx were collected during March to December 1991 from five different West Norwegian forests. Their beetle faunas are described in detail. Various factors contribute in the decomposing process of the sporophore, and the faunas change considerably during this process. The host specificity of the obligatory polypore inhabitants is probably determined by other factors besides the polypore itself, because the faunas change between forests of different productivity classes and with different tree compositions. Furthermore, the almost vicariant distribution of Cis alter and C. jacquemarti could best be explained by interspecific competition. A simple phenology for Cis bidentatus, C. alter, C. lineatocribatus, C. jacquemarti, Leptusa pulchella, L. fumida and L. ruficollis is given.
Invertebrate fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings and its connection with the nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles
Authors: Laine Anne , Itämies Juhani , Orell Markku , Kvist Sisko
Published: August 2019

The composition of the invertebrate fauna living on young Norway spruce (Picea abies) branches was studied in northern Finland both in urban and rural areas during the summer months of 1988. Attention was given to the total nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles. The material consisted of 52627 invertebrates from 300 separate spruce saplings. Mites formed the majority of the invertebrates. Most numerous were Ameronothrus dubinini, Diapterobates humeralis and Ceratoppia bipilis. Springtails and spiders were also numerous. The invertebrate abundances were highest in the urban areas of Isko and Linnanmaa, where the sulphur and nitrogen concentration of the needles was high and the phenolics/nitrogen ratio low. The lowest invertebrate abundances were found in Rusko, the most urban area, and Taivalkoski, the most rural area. Nitrogen and sulphur concentrations were highest at Rusko and lowest at Taivalkoski. Possible reasons for the results are discussed.
Chromatomyia linnaeae (Diptera, Agromyzidae) new to Finland
Authors: Itämies Juhani
Published: August 2019

Chromatomyia linnaeae (Griffiths), previously known from Canada, is reported from northern Finland, where the larvae mine leaves of Linnaea borealis.
Index to genera and species, Volume 5 (1994)
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

Entomologica Fennica. 27 June 1995
Short reports
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

The following reports were presented during 1994 at the meetings of the Entomological Society of Finland (ESF), the Societas Entomologica Helsingforsiensis (SEH), and the Entomological Club of the Zoological and Botanical Society of Turku (ECT); the reports from the meetings of the Lepidopterological Society of Finland have been published in the Society's own journal, Baptria. The present notes do not cover all the reports given in the meetings since some of them were not received in written form, and some reports with information on several species are published separately as scientific notes. For biogeographical provinces, Finnish grid coordinates, and UTM squares see inside back cover of annual issues 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
A comparison of pitfall trapping and quadrat sampling of Carabidae (Coleoptera) on river banks
Authors: Andersen Johan
Published: August 2019

A comparison was made betweeen the "open" pitfall trap method and quadrat sample method in microhabitats on river banks. The latter method was found to give reliable estimates of the absolute abundance of carabid beetle species. In pitfall traps individuals of the carabid beetle Bembidion schuppelii were over-represented in a sub-optimal microhabitat compared with in optimal ones. The niche-overlap between this species and B. bipunctatum was 0.19 in quadrat samples and 0.59 in pitfall traps. There was no correlation between the relative abundance of individuals of species in quadrat samples and in pitfall traps. Individuals of larger carabid species were highly over-represented compared to smaller ones in pitfall traps, an effect that was independent of diurnal rhythm and life cycle category. Biomass of larger carabid species was also overestimated in pitfall traps compared to that of smaller ones. Imagines were more efficiently captured in pitfall traps than larvae. Pitfall traps had a higher number of species than quadrat samples in all investigated sites. In four of five cases the Shannon-Wiener index gave higher species diversity in pitfall traps than in quadrat samples. It is concluded that the "open" pitfall trap method is inappropriate to study dominance ratio, the ecological role of species and perhaps the species diversity within communities. The general insight into the community structure of carabid beetles may therefore be very biased.
Plecopteran communities and annual emergence in five forest streams and two lake outlet streams of central Finland
Authors: Bagge Pauli , Hynynen Juhani
Published: August 2019

The plecopteran fauna was studied by means of slit traps and hand net during the summers of 1982-1987. A total of 19 plecopteran species comprising c. 4 500 adults and c. 2 900 larvae were sampled in streams. Of these, Capnia atra, Capnopsis schilleri, Nemurella pictetii and Isoperla difformis were recorded for the first time in the streams of the province Pohjois-Häme (Tb). The plecopteran fauna was richest in the small forest streams and relatively poor in the largest outlet. Both, the character of the stream bed and the quantity and quality of food available seemed to be the most important factors affecting the occurrence of the plecopteran species. In the brooks the emergence of stoneflies had two clear maxima: one in spring and another in late autumn. Vernal species were Taeniopteryx nebulosa, Isoperla difformis, Nemoura avicularis, N. flexuosa and Leuctra hippo pus. Dominant species in the autumnal cathes were Leuctrafusca and Leuctra digitata. In the outlet streams the succession of emergence was somewhat different owing to the weak emergence and due to the cold summer with strong floods in 1987. The slit trap method worked well in the catching of stoneflies except during the snow melting seasons and the flood periods.
Insects in burned forests - forest protection and faunal conservation (preliminary results)
Authors: Ehnström Bengt , Långström Bo , Hellqvist Claeus
Published: August 2019

The beetle colonization of fire-damaged trees was studied in seven reserves, which were established in burned forests in south and central Sweden, following extensive forest fires in the summer of 1992. In the spring of 1993, burned pine trees displayed a large range in fire damage from virtually undamaged ones to trees killed by the fire. Spruces were more sensitive than pine, and few fire-damaged spruces had some green foliage left. The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus) was the main colonizer of pine trees, occurring at all sites, but altogether in only one-third of the trees. On spruce, two bark beetles were common: Polygraphus poligraphus (Linnaeus) was found on nearly all sites and altogether on half of the trees, followed in abundance by Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus). These common species were accompaniedby an assembly of bark and longhorn beetles, commonly occurring on fresh conifer timber. Most of the beetle species clearly preferred the dead or dying trees. However, the species mentioned above as well as Arhopalus rusticus (Linnaeus) also attacked trees with more than half of the foliage left. Three fire-favoured species were observed: Oxypteris (Melanophila) acuminata (Degeer), Sericoda (Agonum) quadripunctata (Degeer) and Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus (Letzner). Line surveys indicated little bark beetle dispersal from the burned areas into surrounding forests. Further studies are needed as the primary colonization of the burned trees was obviously not completed during this first year after the fire.
The composition of the aphid fauna of Fennoscandia and Denmark
Authors: Heie Ole
Published: August 2019

A systematic, zoogeographical and ecological survey of the composition of the aphid faunas of Norway, Finland, Sweden and Denmark is given. A total of 634 species have been recorded, most of them of western Palearctic origin. Some species have their borders of distribution here, in several cases depending on the distribution of host plants. Some of the species are boreo-alpine and some others have recently been introduced from other continents.
Transfer of cadmium from ants to ant-lions
Authors: Nuorteva Pekka
Published: August 2019

Ants have been found to bear exceptionally high loads of Cd and other metals, but are in general quite resistant to the toxic effects of Cd. Possible harmful effects caused to their predators by high Cd content have not been studied. Detection of a sparse population of ant-lions on a beach at Padva in Bromarv, offered the possibility to make some preliminary observations of such harmfull effects. AAS-analyses showed that free-living ant-lion larvae bear a Cd load of 4.5 ppm/dwt in young larvae, 8.5 ppm in old ones. This corresponded approximately to the level occurring in their most important food items in Padva (4.5 ppm mean for workers of Formica rufibarbis Fabricius and 6.1 ppm for foragers of F. fusca Linnaeus). The level of Cd in the single ant-lion imago caught (0.5 ppm) was clearly lower than in larvae. Among the Cdantagonistic metals, Cu showed levels in ant-lions two- or three-fold those found in ants, whereas no parallel difference existed for Zn levels. During larval development the level of the essential Cu diminished to half whereas the level of Zn increased two-fold. The fate of surplus cadmium in the food chain was followed experimentally by feeding a forest-living colony of Formica aquilonia Yarrow with 0.5 kg honey containing 600 mg CdCl2 This elevated the Cd content of surface workers up to a level1 O-f old that considered normal, 90-100 ppm (n = 4), and of the inside workers up to 5-fold, 36-61 ppm (n = 6). When surface workers were fed to ant-lion larvae ad libidum, larval Cd content rose in one week to the level of the food (87 ppm). When the feeding of ant-lion larvae was continued by feeding them inside workers for additional 4 weeks, these larvae showed a Cd level (49 ppm), similar to that of their food; then when the feeding had continued for 8 weeks, the level, however, rose to 120 ppm. All ant-lion larvae, including those with the highest Cd content, were fully active and showed no symptoms of disease. Artificial Cd-feeding had no clear effect on the Cu-levels in ants or ant-lions, but Zn responded by an increase from the natural level of 501-603 ppm to 560-1 200 ppm.
Population densities and diversity of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) along an air pollution gradient on the Kola Peninsula, Russia¹
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail , Jalava Jukka , Lvovsky Alexandr , Mikkola Kauri
Published: August 2019

The noctuid moths were monitored by means of bait traps from 1991 to 1993 in the area polluted by the Severonikel smelter on the Kola Peninsula. The total catch was 869 specimens belonging to 21 species. The catches peaked in sites representing the earlier stages of forest decline, being about two times as large as in the unpolluted area. The noctuid moths were heterogeneous in their response to pollution impact: (1) Xestia rhaetica, X. speciosa and Eurois occultus showed a clinal decline towards the emission source, (2) Diarsia mendica peaked at slightly polluted sites, (3) Acronicta auricoma, Hyppa rectilinea, Apamea maillardi and Xestia alpicola were most abundant in moderately polluted areas, (4) a mountain tundra species, Polia conspicua, was collected in heavily polluted sites only. However, neither species richness nor diversity of Noctuidae were affected by pollution.
Comparison of invertebrate abundance and biomass between a clear-cut stand and four stands under tree cover in Swedish boreal coniferous forests
Authors: Atlegrim Ola , Sjöberg Kjell
Published: August 2019

This study assesses differences between a seven-year old clear-cut and four forest habitats as regards abundance and biomass of different invertebrate taxa - important for habitat quality for insectivorous birds. Forest types studied were pine bog, spruce mire, mesic spruce and pine heath forest. Data were collected in the second half of June 1984 (to coincide with the peak feeding demands of many nestling birds). Results indicate that the clear-cut differed more from the tree covered habitats with respect to the field layer fauna than with respect to the terricolous fauna. Compared to the forest habitats, the clear -cut was characterized by a higher abundance and biomass of sap-suckers (Hemiptera: Homoptera and Heteroptera) but a lower abundance and biomass of leaf-eating herbivorous larvae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta and Lepidoptera) in the field layer. The difference with respect to leaf-eating larvae was probably caused by low abundance of larvae food plants in the clear-cut. This may be an important ecological difference because these larvae can be an important food source for insectivorous birds.
Chloroclystis v-ata relicta ssp. n. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), a new taxon from SW Finland, doomed to go extinct?
Authors: Krogerus Harry
Published: August 2019

An isolated population of Chloclystis v-ata (Haworth, 1809), occurring at Karkali Peninsula, a nature reserve in southwestern Finland, is described as a new subspecies, ssp. relicta ssp.n., on the basis of differences in appearence and phenology compared to the nominate subspecies. The Central European population of Ch. v-ata has been expanding to the north, reaching the Baltic Sea area in recent decades and Finland in 1985. Thus, the new subspecies which is actually protected by law is now threatened by hybridization with the nominate subspecies. In contrast to the bivoltine nominate subspecies, the Karkali population is univoltine. The biology of the new subspecies is discussed.
New faunistic records of threatened saproxylic Coleoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera and Lepidoptera from the Republic of Karelia, Russia
Authors: Siitonen Juha , Martikainen Petri , Kaila Lauri , Mannerkoski Ilpo , Rassi Pertti , Rutanen Ilpo
Published: August 2019

Saproxylic insects were collected during fifteen expeditions to the Republic of Kareliain summers 1991-94. A total of 63 species (48 beetles, 15 others) included in the Finnish red data book are reported. Fourteen species of Coleoptera and Aradus ribauti Wagner are reported as new for Karelia. Notes on the biology of e.g. Hylochares cruentatus (Gyllenhal), Rhizophagus puncticollis Sahlberg, Cis fissicomis Mellié, Sulcacis bidentulus (Rosenhauer) and Leptura thoracica Creutzer are given. The number of threatened species found is striking considering the short period of time spent collecting in the field. We ascribe this to the management history of forests in Karelia, especially to the large amount of decaying wood in managed forests even. The forests in Karelia will be of crucial importance in preserving biodiversity and the last viable populations of numerous species that have disappeared in other parts of Fennoscandia.
THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN USING CONJUNCTIONS (A DESCRIPTIVE QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE SIXTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM BENGKULU UNIVERSITY)
Authors: Syafitri Rahma , . Arasuli , Sembiring Barnabas
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research was to describe the ability of the students in 6th semester of English study program in using English conjunctions. The design of this research used descriptive quantitative study. The population of this research was 78 students in English study program Bengkulu University and the samples were 65 students. In collecting the data, the researcher used multiple choices conjunctions test. Based on the finding of the research, the ability of the students in using coordinate conjunctions was in enough category with the mean scores 61.  The ability of the students in using correlative conjunction was good with the mean scores 79. The ability of the students in using relative conjunction was good with the mean score 78. The ability of the students in using subordinate conjunction was good with mean score 78, the same as the ability in using relative conjunction. According to the result in every type of conjunctions, the researcher concluded that the ability of the students in using conjunctions was in enough category with the mean score 74.
AN ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS AND ITS REFERENCE USED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN “A THOUSAND WORDS” MOVIE SCRIPTBY STEVE KOREN
Authors: Sasmita Raty , Hardiah Mei , . Elfrida
Published: August 2019

The type of this research is Descriptive Qualitative research. It is aimed to find out the types of Personal, Time, Place, Discourse and Social Deixis and its reference by the main character in “A Thousand Words” movie script based on the theory that proposed by Levinson. The object of this study is “A Thousand Words” movie script by Steve Koren. This research found the five types of deixis in a movie script, they are person deixis (515 occurrences), time deixis (20 occurrences), place deixis (34 occurrences), discourse deixis (104 occurrences) and social deixis (1 occurrence). Besides that, the references found in this research were in person deixis were I, Me, We, Us, My as first person deixis; You, Your as second person deixis; He, She, It, They, Them, Him, Her as third person deixis which belongs to personal deixis (149 utterances); time deixis found were Now, Today, On a Tuesday, Three days, Two days, Then (19 utterances); place deixis found was Here, There, In (22 utterances); discourse deixis found was This, That, Those, These (60 utterances); ands the last, social deixis found were Mr (1 utterance).
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FORMS OF CODE MIXING ON FACEBOK STATUS USED BY ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS AT BENGKULU UNIVERISITY IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
Authors: Pratiwi Sinci Lea Jeni , Sofyan Dedi , . Imranuddin
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research was to investigate the forms and the differences of code mixing by English Study Program students. The subject were four enrollments, they were 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th semester students. The object of this researcher was English Study Program student’s status on Facebook. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The instruments of this research were note and checklist. Technique of this research was documentation. The result of this research shows the English Study Program students used forms of code mixing such as; the insertion of word, the insertion of phrase, the insertion of hybrid, the insertion of word reduplication, the insertion of idiom, and the insertion of clause. Furthermore, there were the differences of using of code mixing by English Study Program students in each semester
FACTORS CAUSING FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY (FLA) IN SPEAKING
Authors: Akbar Alheru , Sofyan Dedi , Damayanti Indah
Published: August 2019

This research attempted to find out the factors causing foreign language anxiety in speaking. This research was  carried out by employing descriptive quantitative design. The population of this research was the third semester students of English Education Study Program of University of Bengkulu in academic year 2017/2018. The samples of this research were taken by using total sampling tehcnique, i.e 79 students. The data were collected by questionnaire consisted of 29questions related to the anxiety. The results of this study showed that the students mostly had the anxiety. There were three factors that causing the anxiety of the students in speaking; Test Anxiety (Mildly Affected; Mean Score: 3.09), Fear of Negative Evaluation (Mildly Affected;Mean Score: 3.00), and Communication Apprehension (Mildly Affected; Mean Score: 2.90). In conclusion, there were three factors that causing the student’ anxiety in speaking, and the most dominant factors is the Test Anxiety.  In addition, from the test anxiety, it was found that mostly students were afraid of the consequences failing their speaking class
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ENGLISH LEARNING MOTIVATION AND ENGLISH PROFICIENCY ACHIEVEMENT OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS
Authors: Purwanti Debora , Puspita Hilda , . Mulyadi
Published: August 2019

This study is aimed at identifying English learning motivation and English proficiency achievement. Then, the researcher would like to see the correlation between the students’ motivation and their English proficiency achievement. The research was designed as quantitative correlation. Here, a total of 77 students were asked to complete the motivation questionnaire and set in a TOEFL test. The result of this research revealed that the English learning motivation of the students was in ‘high’ category. This can be seen from the grand total of mean 3.59 which indicated high intrinsic motivation as the dominant motivation. While, the scores of English proficiency achievement indicates that the students had ‘medium’ level of English Proficiency, the range score of medium level is 400-499. Another result showed that there was a significant correlation between English learning motivation and English proficiency achievement. It can be proven by rcount (0.346) > rtable (0.224), 5% level of significance; there was a correlation between students with intrinsic motivation and their English proficiency achievement, rcount (0.348) > rtable (0.233); while there was no correlation between students with extrinsic motivation and their English proficiency achievement, rcount (0.307) < rtable (0.811). It means that the correlation between English learning motivation and English proficiency achievement was in ‘weak’ level.