bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The GROND gamma-ray burst sample
Authors: Greiner J. , Krühler T. , Bolmer J. , Klose S. , Afonso P. M. J. , Elliott J. , Filgas R. , Graham J. F. , Kann D. A. , Knust F. , Küpcü Yoldaş A. , Nardini M. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. M. , Olivares Estay F. , Rossi A. , Schady P. , Schweyer T. , Sudilovsky V. , Varela K. , Wiseman P.
Published: July 2024

A dedicated gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow observing program was performed between 2007 and 2016 with GROND, a seven-channel optical and near-infrared imager at the 2.2m telescope of the Max-Planck Society at ESO/La Silla, In this first of a series of papers, we describe the GRB observing plan, providing first readings of all so far unpublished GRB afterglow measurements and some observing statistics. In total, we observed 514 GRBs with GROND, including 434 Swift-detected GRBs, representing 81% of the observable Swift sample. For GROND-observations within 30 min of the GRB trigger, the optical/NIR afterglow detection rate is 81% for long- and 57% for short-duration GRBs. We report the discovery of ten new GRB afterglows plus one candidate, along with redshift estimates (partly improved) for four GRBs and new host detections for seven GRBs. We identify the (already known) afterglow of GRB 140209A as the sixth GRB exhibiting a 2175 Å dust feature. As a side result, we identified two blazars, with one at a redshift of z = 3.8 (in the GRB 131209A field).
Inefficient star formation in high Mach number environments
Authors: Brucy Noé , Hennebelle Patrick , Colman Tine , Klessen Ralf S. , Le Yhuelic Corentin
Published: July 2024

Context. Predicting the star formation rate (SFR) in galaxies is crucial to understand their evolution and morphology. To do so requires a fine understanding of how dense structures of gas are created and collapse. In that, turbulence and gravity play a major role.

Aims. Within the gravo-turbulent framework, we assume that turbulence shapes the interstellar medium (ISM), creating density fluctuations that, if gravitationally unstable, will collapse and form stars. The goal of this work is to quantify how different regimes of turbulence, characterized by the strength and compressibility of the driving, shape the density field. We are interested in the outcome in terms of SFR and how it compares with existing analytical models for the SFR.

Methods. We ran a series of hydrodynamical simulations of turbulent gas. The simulations were first conducted without gravity, so that the density and velocity were shaped by the turbulence driving. Gravity was then switched on, and the SFR was measured and compared with analytical models. The physics included in these simulations was very close to the one assumed in the classical gravo-turbulent SFR analytical models, which makes the comparison straightforward.

Results. We found that the existing analytical models convincingly agree with simulations at low Mach number, but we measure a much lower SFR in the simulation with a high Mach number. We develop, in a companion paper, an updated physically motivated SFR model that reproduces well the inefficient high Mach regime of the simulations.

Conclusions. Our work demonstrates that accurate estimations of the turbulent-driven replenishment time of dense structures and the dense gas spatial distribution are necessary to correctly predict the SFR in the high Mach regime. The inefficient high-Mach regime is a possible explanation for the low SFR found in dense and turbulent environments such as the centre of our Milky Way and other galaxies.
Detection of maser emission at 183 and 380 GHz with ALMA in the gigamaser galaxy TXS 2226–184
Authors: Tarchi A. , Castangia P. , Surcis G. , Impellizzeri V. , Ladu E. , Bannikova E. Yu.
Published: July 2024

Context. The low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxy TXS 2226−184 is known to host a very luminous 22 GHz water maser, called a gigamaser at the time of its discovery. To date, the nature of this maser is still being debated, in particular, whether it is associated with a nuclear accretion disk or with an ejection component, namely a jet or an outflow originating in the active galactic nucleus.

Aims. We obtained multi-band (bands 5, 6, and 7) ALMA observations during Cycle 9, with the purpose of investigating the maser nature and the nuclear molecular material in the innermost region of the galaxy.

Methods. While the full data sets are still under study, a preliminary data reduction and analysis of the band 5 and 7 spectral line cubes presented in this Letter already offer a significant outcome.

Results. We observed bright, possibly maser emission from the water 183 GHz and 380 GHz transitions in TXS 2226−184. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first unambiguous detection (S/N ≥ 100) of 380 GHz maser emission in a known 22-GHz maser galaxy, and the first case where all three transitions are present in the same object. Emission features at both frequencies show a two-peaked line profile resembling that of the 22 GHz maser features. The millimeter/submillimeter emission originates from a region coincident, within the errors, with that of the 22 GHz.

Conclusions. The similarities in profile and position indicate that the emission at the three frequencies is likely produced by the same nuclear structure, although differences in line strengths and feature peak positions may hint at a slightly different physical conditions of the emitting gas. A comparison with the few megamaser sources studied at high enough detail and sharing similarities with the water lines in TXS 2226−184 favors a nature associated with the amplification of a bright nuclear continuum (from a jet or outflow) through dense and hot gas in front of the nucleus (e.g., a disk or torus); however, a more comprehensive analysis of the available data is necessary to better assess this scenario.
Les otites moyennes et internes
et l’arthropathie temporo-hyoïdienne
Authors: Hermange Tanguy
Published: July 2024

L’otite est l’inflammation de l’oreille. On distingue, en fonction de la localisation anatomique touchée, l’otite externe (conduit auditif externe), l’otite moyenne (bulle tympanique), et l’otite interne (organe nerveux terminal du nerf vestibulo-cochléaire, canaux semi-circulaires, et la cochlée).

Par sa proximité, l’inflammation de l’oreille moyenne peut s’étendre facilement à l’oreille interne et provoquer un syndrome vestibulaire périphérique, ou bien à l’articulation temporo-hyoïdienne, et provoquer une arthropathie qui constitue une conséquence toute particulière de l’affection.

L’arthropathie peut aboutir dans les cas sévères à une fracture de la partie pétreuse de l’os temporal et provoquer là aussi des symptômes nerveux avec notamment un syndrome vestibulaire périphérique et une paralysie faciale fréquente.

Ces affections sont relativement peu fréquentes en Europe. Néanmoins, il est important de les reconnaître, notamment dans les cas précoces lorsque les symptômes peuvent être discrets, confondus avec d’autres affections, et les examens complémentaires endoscopiques et radiographiques difficiles à interpréter.
Ces dernières années, le scanner a permis d’améliorer nettement le diagnostic précoce, la caractérisation et l’extension des lésions.

Que ce soit en prévention dans les cas d’arthropathie avancée, ou en curatif dans les cas de fractures temporales, la cérato-hyoïdectomie s’est imposée comme la technique de choix avec une nette amélioration du pronostic.
Les obstructions de l’oviducte chez la jument :
origine, diagnostic et traitement
Authors: Renaudin Catherine
Published: July 2024

Des masses de collagène peuvent s’accumuler dans la lumière des trompes utérines de la jument, et selon leur taille, les obstruer éventuellement, étant ainsi à l’origine d’infertilité.

Le diagnostic est possible, mais en raison de son coût élevé et de sa complexité, c’est souvent un diagnostic de présomption, car les méthodes diagnostiques sont coûteuses. On écarte toutes les autres causes d’infertilité et on présume alors que les trompes sont bouchées sans faire de test, puis on les traite.

Les traitements les plus utilisés sont l’hydrotubation des trompes utérines sous hystéroscopie et plus récemment, l’application de PGE1 au niveau de la jonction utéro-tubaire à l’aide d’une simple sonde à insémination profonde.

Sur ces cas bien ciblés de jument infertiles, le taux de gestation peut être fortement amélioré.
La réanimation cardio-respiratoire du poulain nouveau-né en pratique
Authors: Leroux Aurélia
Published: July 2024

Chez le poulain nouveau-né, l'arrêt respiratoire précède presque toujours l'arrêt cardiaque. De nombreuses affections peuvent conduire à l'arrêt respiratoire du poulain nouveau-né et à la nécessité d'une réanimation cardio-pulmonaire (RCP).

La majorité de ces affections sont liées au poulinage mais des affections néonatales primaires peuvent également induire une asphyxie.

La nécessité d'une RCP chez un poulain nouveau-né doit être identifiée rapidement car plus tôt elle est initiée, meilleur est le pronostic.

Les signes cliniques indiquant la nécessité d'une RCP sont une absence de mouvements respiratoires ou de battements cardiaques, une fréquence respiratoire inférieure à 10 rpm, une fréquence cardiaque inférieure à 50 bpm, et une absence de réponse aux stimuli tactiles.

La réanimation cardio-pulmonaire (RCP) du poulain nouveau-né comprend : les soins de réanimation de base incluant la libération des voies aériennes, l'intubation, la ventilation et le massage cardiaque externe ; les soins de réanimation avancés incluant l'administration d'adrénaline et la défibrillation ; et le monitoring cardiorespiratoire incluant l'électrocardiogramme et la mesure de la concentration du CO2 en fin d'expiration. La RCP devrait être arrêtée quand la fréquence cardiaque est supérieure à 60 bpm et la fréquence respiratoire supérieure à 15 rpm. En cas d'absence de réponse après 10 à 15 minutes de RCP, le pronostic de survie du poulain est sombre.
Conduite à tenir face à un défaut d’aplomb chez le poulain
dans les 3 premiers mois de vie
Authors: Chedid Maryline E. , Lallemand Elodie
Published: July 2024

Les défauts d’aplombs chez les poulains sont des conditions locomotrices auxquelles sont régulièrement confrontés les vétérinaires sur le terrain. La majorité des poulains naissent avec des défauts d’aplombs discrets et, avec l’âge, leur croissance modifie et améliore leur conformation.
Pour ceux dont les défauts d’aplombs nécessitent une prise en charge, il existe plusieurs modalités thérapeutiques utilisables, dont la gestion de l’exercice, de l’alimentation, la physiothérapie, la maréchalerie, la mise en place de bandage et attelles, ainsi que des traitements chirurgicaux.

Ces traitements sont fréquemment combinés et leur choix est dicté par le diagnostic de l’anomalie, de sa sévérité et de l’âge du poulain.

Cet article décrit les principaux défauts d’aplombs rencontrés chez le poulain nouveau-né, le développement et les aplombs normaux du poulain, ainsi que le diagnostic et la prise en charge de l’ossification incomplète des os du tarse et du carpe, des varus/valgus, de l’hyper-extension digitée, ainsi que des hyper-flexions, qu’elles concernent le pied, le boulet ou le carpe.
Protocole d’induction de la lactation chez la jument non suitée
et technique d’adoption du poulain
par une jument avec lactation induites
Authors: Daels Peter , van Heule Machteld , Verstraete Margo , Revah Irma , Dini Pouya
Published: July 2024

Chez une jument non suitée, pluripare et cyclique, l’induction de la lactation peut se faire à l’aide d’un antagoniste de la dopamine (sulpiride ou dompéridone). Le premier jour du protocole d’induction, la jument reçoit une dose lutéolytique d’une prostaglandine quelconque suivie d’injections de sulpiride matin et soir.

En général, au bout d’environ une semaine la jument produit suffisamment de lait pour adopter et nourrir un poulain.

Lorsque la jument produit plus de 3 litres de lait par jour, elle est prête pour l’adoption.

Une injection de prostaglandine-2Fα (Dynolytic®) employée à 3 fois la dose est administrée 15 min avant l’introduction du poulain orphelin, ces 15 minutes correspondent au temps requis pour que les effets secondaires de la prostaglandine s’expriment (transpiration, symptômes de colique).

Le poulain est présenté à la jument et celle-ci est invitée à sentir et à lécher le poulain afin d’établir le lien maternel.

Dans un deuxième temps, le poulain est guidé vers la mamelle et encouragé à téter. L’adoption est considérée comme réussie quand la jument s’intéresse au poulain (léchage, suivi et appel du poulain).

L’adoption prend en général moins de 15 min (intervalle entre l’introduction du poulain et la mise en liberté de la jument et du poulain dans le box).

Après l’adoption, il est prudent de nourrir le poulain au biberon pendant quelques jours durant lesquels la production de lait augmente, stimulé par les tétées spontanées fréquentes. Il est recommandé de continuer le traitement au sulpiride pendant maximum 7 jours après l’adoption.
L’évolution de la politique de lutte antidopage
dans les courses au galop
Authors: Wittreck Sonia
Published: July 2024

La lutte antidopage et les moyens humains, techniques et financiers ont bien évolué ces dernières années pour s’adapter aux développements des pratiques illicites révélées sur le terrain. Les courses au Galop n’ont pas échappé à ces mutations qui se traduisent également par des évolutions du Code des Courses au Galop.

Outre l’accroissement du nombre des contrôles lors des courses, le cheval de course est suivi à tout moment, de sa naissance à sa fin de carrière en passant par l’entraînement, et y compris en dehors des phases d’entraînement (en sortie provisoire) et la possibilité de poursuites longtemps après la fin des compétitions puisque les analyses rétrospectives viennent d’être autorisées par le Code des Courses au Galop.

De nombreux articles du code tiennent également compte d’une évolution sociétale majeure, à savoir la prise en compte du bien-être équin.

Ces nouvelles règles ont des implications pratiques pour les vétérinaires équins travaillant dans le secteur des courses hippiques. La première est la pénalisation de l’acte de doper qui fait encourir un risque d’amende pouvant aller jusqu’à 75 000 euros et des peines d’emprisonnement pouvant aller jusqu’à 5 ans. C’est pourquoi la connaissance des évolutions réglementaires récentes et des orientations annuelles de la politique de lutte antidopage dans les courses au galop est un prérequis indispensable.
Vermifugation du poulain et de la mère
dans un contexte d’anthelminthorésistances
Authors: Ciantar Philippe
Published: July 2024

Dans la lutte antiparasitaire chez les équidés, le poulain représente un cas particulier. La connaissance des parasites qui l’affectent, ainsi que les modes de contamination et l’incidence de ces infestations sur sa santé, sont les clés d’une vermifugation ciblée.

La stratégie de lutte doit aussi tenir compte du spectre d’activité des antiparasitaires, de leurs toxicités particulières chez le poulain et la jument gestante ou allaitante, et des éventuelles résistances rencontrées sur le terrain.

Un calendrier de vermifugation peut alors être établi, utilisant une molécule adaptée à chaque étape.
Exemples de prises en charge de rééducation
et de suivi
Authors: Beaumont Audrey , Moiroud Claire , Bertoni Lélia , Audigié Fabrice , Denoix Jean-Marie
Published: July 2024

Le vétérinaire joue un rôle essentiel dans la gestion des chevaux athlètes, que ce soit pour établir un programme de rééducation fonctionnelle adapté, grâce à un suivi clinique et par imagerie rapproché, ou pour contribuer à l'élaboration de programme d'entraînement individualisé. Ces programmes ont pour but d’optimiser les performances sportives du cheval tout en prévenant autant que faire se peut l'apparition de lésions de l'appareil locomoteur.

L'objectif de cet article est d'illustrer cet aspect au travers de trois cas cliniques (un syndrome podotrochléaire, une fracture de la phalange distale et un cas de reconditionnement physique) admis dans un centre vétérinaire de rééducation fonctionnelle du cheval athlète.

Le suivi clinique rapproché et la documentation scientifique des différents cas admis dans ce centre permettent d'approfondir les connaissances dans les domaines de la physiothérapie et de la rééducation fonctionnelle équine.
Comprendre le dysfonctionnement de la pars intermedia de l'hypophyse et savoir la diagnostiquer
Authors: Jaillardon Laetitia , Stoetart Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Le dysfonctionnement de la pars intermedia de l’hypophyse (DPIH, ou PPDID en anglais est une maladie neurodégénérative touchant environ 20 p. cent des chevaux âgés de plus de 20 ans.

Liée à une perte de l’inhibition dopaminergique, elle s’accompagne d’une augmentation de la production hormonale des cellules mélanotropes, en particulier de l’ACTH, dont la mesure de la concentration plasmatique est aujourd’hui au cœur du diagnostic biologique.
Cette hormone étant vite dégradée dans le plasma et soumise à des variations physiologiques importante (saison, âge, race, maladies intercurrentes, …), une démarche clinique rigoureuse est indispensable pour éviter toute erreur de diagnostic et la mise en place de traitement inutile.
Handscupe: Ergonomische Handauflage bei Patient*innen mit
rheumatischen Erkrankungen – eine explorative Pilotstudie
Authors: Marinoska Tatjana , Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Dreher Matthias , Salih Liza , Schwarting Andreas
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Der „Handscupe“ ist eine ergonomische medizinische Handauflage,
welche zur Verbesserung von Handfunktion und Symptomen von Patient*innen mit
rheumatischen Erkrankungen entwickelt wurde.

Material und Methoden  Das Ziel dieser prospektiven, explorativen
Kohortenstudie zum Medizinprodukt „Handscupe“ war es, die klinische Relevanz für
rheumatologische Patient*innen zu erfassen. Der „Handscupe“ wurde von 30
Patient*innen während eines dreiwöchigen Rehabilitationsprogramms verwendet.
Folgende Parameter wurden dabei erfasst: objektive Maße der Handfunktion,
patientenerfasste Parameter (standardisierte Fragebögen) und subjektive
Zufriedenheit basierend auf einer visuellen Analogskala. Darüber hinaus wurden
bei jedem Termin Laborparameter und die Krankheitsaktivität bestimmt.

Ergebnisse Über alle untersuchten Krankheitsentitäten hinweg waren 97% der
Patient*innen zufrieden mit der Anwendung des „Handscupe“, obwohl weder die
Arthrosonographie noch die Krankheitsaktivitätsscore eindeutige Veränderungen
zeigten. Die Mehrheit der Patient*innen zeigte eine Zunahme der Handgriffstärke,
eine Schmerzlinderung, eine Verbesserung des allgemeinen Wohlbefindens und es
wurde eine Verbesserung des Handscan-Scores festgestellt.

Schlussfolgerung Diese explorative Studie zeigte einen klinisch relevanten
Nutzen der Verwendung des „Handscupe“ bei Patient*innen mit rheumatischen
Erkrankungen. Die klinische Umgebung in einer Rehabilitationsabteilung trug dazu
bei, die tägliche Anwendung und Compliance sicherzustellen. Die beobachteten
Effekte müssen jedoch aufgrund der gleichzeitig durchgeführten
multi-professionellen Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen mit Vorsicht interpretiert
werden. Daher ist eine bestätigende prospektive klinische Studie über die
Wirkungen geplant.
From the First Case Reports to KDM1A Identification: 35 Years
of Food (GIP)-Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Bouys Lucas , Bertherat Jérôme
Published: July 2024

Food-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (FDCS) is a rare presentation of
hypercortisolism from adrenal origin, mostly observed in primary bilateral
macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) but also in some cases of unilateral
adrenocortical adenoma. FDCS is mediated by the aberrant expression of
glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) in adrenocortical
cells. GIP, secreted by duodenal K cells after food intake, binds to its ectopic
adrenal receptor, and stimulates cortisol synthesis following meals. FDCS was
first described more than 35 years ago, and its genetic cause in PBMAH has been
recently elucidated: KDM1A inactivation by germline heterozygous
pathogenic variants is constantly associated with a loss-of-heterozygosity of
the short arm of chromosome 1, containing the KDM1A locus. This causes
biallelic inactivation of KDM1A, resulting in the GIPR overexpression in
the adrenal cortex. These new insights allow us to propose the KDM1A
genetic screening to all PBMAH patients with signs of FDCS (low fasting cortisol
that increases after a mixed meal or oral glucose load) and to all first-degree
relatives of KDM1A variant carriers. Given that KDM1A is a tumor
suppressor gene that has also been associated with monoclonal gammopathy of
uncertain significance and multiple myeloma, the investigation of FDCS in the
diagnostic management of patients with PBMAH and further genetic testing and
screening for malignancies should be encouraged.
Outcome of 14-Day Sequential and Levofloxacin-Based Triple Regimen as the First-Line Therapy in Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Prospective Comparative Study from Southern Central Nepal
Authors: Ranjan Mukesh Kumar , Neupane Pradeep , Maharjan Bigyan , Shrestha Sabir Kumar , Yadav Roshan Kumar , Sharma Asha , Parajuli Sandesh Raman , Shrestha Sagun , Karki Samim , Gahatraj Sabita
Published: July 2024

Background Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of the commonly used regimens vary among countries and even among different regions of the same country. We aimed to compare the eradication rate and safety of sequential therapy with levofloxacin-based triple therapy.

Methods A comparative single-center study was conducted between October 2022 and November 2023 after obtaining ethical approval. Patients in group A received 14 days of levofloxacin-based triple therapy and those in group B received 14 days of sequential therapy. The eradication of H. pylori was assessed 4 weeks after the completion of the assigned regimens. The data regarding adverse events were also recorded.

Results Among 150 patients (group A: 70, group B: 80) with mean age of 41.7 ± 15.0 years, 67 (44.6%) were male. The eradication was achieved in 65 (92.9%) in group A and 63 (78.8%) in group B, respectively (p = 0.01). All the patients in group A and 76 (95%) patients in group B had good compliance with medication. Adverse events were noticed in 7 (10%) in group A compared to 31 (38.7%) in group B (p < 0.001). The most common adverse events in group A and group B were drug-related diarrhea (3 [4.3%] vs. 11 [13.7%]), gastrointestinal intolerance (2 [2.8%] vs. 6 [7.5%]), and bad/metallic taste (1 [1.4%] vs. 22 [27.5%]). No serious adverse events were noted in both groups.

Conclusion Sequential therapy is significantly less effective and has more nonserious adverse events compared to levofloxacin-based triple therapy in eradication of H. pylori.
Computed Tomographic Measurement Method for Morphoanatomical Comparison of Femur, Tibia, and Patella in Cats with and without Medial Patellar Luxation
Authors: Santos Bruno , Shorten Eimear , Caron Alexandre , Arthurs Gareth , Maurin Marie-Pauline
Published: July 2024

Objectives The aims of this study are to describe a computed tomographic (CT) measurement method of feline femoral, tibial, and patellar conformation, and to compare these measurements between a cat population diagnosed with medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cats without MPL.

Materials and Methods Eleven measurements were performed by two observers, including anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral trochlear width (FTW) and femoral trochlear depth (FTD), anteversion angle of the femoral neck, patellar length, patellar width, patellar height, patellar volume, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, tibial torsion angle, and tibial tuberosity displacement. Mean and standard deviation differences between the groups were statistically assessed. Intraobserver and interobserver interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.

Results The aLDFA was significantly higher in the MPL II compared with the control and MPL III. The FTW was significantly larger in the MPL III than in the control or the MPL II group. The FTD in the control group was significantly larger than in the MPL II and III groups. The TTA of the control group was significantly smaller than the MPL II and III. The intraobserver ICC was high at 64%, and the interobserver ICC was high at 36% of the measurements.

Clinical Significance This study identified shallower FTD and increased TTA in cats diagnosed with MPL. The TTA difference was less than 5 degrees and FTD was less than 1 mm. The findings provide information on feline pelvic limb morphology. However, the differences between the two populations are small.
The DIYer’s guide to 3D bioprinting
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2024

Review presents a holistic look at what digital light processing bioprinters can produce and how to make a customized machine.
Development of a high performance MagLIF target platform using high aspect ratio coated liners and low-mix laser preheat
Authors: Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Geissel M. E. , Lewis W. E. , Yager-Elorriaga D. A. , Weis M. R. , Jennings C. A. , Fein J. R. , Ampleford D. J. , Gomez M. R. , Harding E. C. , Hansen S. B. , Bliss D. E. , Chandler G. A. , Dunham G. S. , Field E. S. , Galloway B. R. , Glinsky M. , Hahn K. D. , Knapp P. F. , Lamppa D. C. , Lucero L. M. , Mangan M. A. , Paguio R. R. , Perea L. , Peterson K. J. , Porter J. L. , Rambo P. K. , Robertson G. K. , Rochau G. A. , Ruiz D. E. , Ruiz C. L. , Schaeuble M. A. , Schwarz J. , Shores J. E. , Sinars D. B. , Slutz S. A. , Smith G. E. , Smith I. C. , Speas C. S. , Whittemore K. , Yu E. P.
Published: July 2024

We report on a series of Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments conducted on the Z pulsed power facility that utilized high aspect ratio (ratio of outer radius to wall thickness) liners with dielectric coatings and low-mix laser preheat configurations. The liners consisted of an aspect ratio of 10.6 beryllium tube coated with 75 μm of epoxy on the outside that have been shown to maintain a better implosion stability than uncoated beryllium and have demonstrated consistent stagnation performances in previous experiments [Ampleford et al., Phys. Plasmas 31, 022703 (2024)]. Two-dimensional HYDRA simulations were used to design three different “co-injection” laser configurations, whereby a second laser is used to provide an early prepulse before the main pulse, to reduce LEH foil mix while increasing the fuel density and coupled energy. The laser preheat energy for each configuration was constrained using dedicated laser experiments before being applied to the integrated MagLIF experiments on Z. The DD neutron yield for experiments using co-injection preheat configurations is found to increase with the specific preheat energy in line with simulations. The highest neutron yield achieved in this study of 1.1 × 1013 matches the highest reported in a MagLIF experiment to date and is a factor 3.5 times higher than similar experiments using preheat with no phase plate smoothing. We attempt to assess the effects of mix and morphology to explain the improved performance; however, neither factor is found to be conclusive within the uncertainty of the measurements.
Closed-loop control of microgripper system based on compliant mechanism
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Zhao Yanru , Yang Huimeng , Hong Kunpeng
Published: July 2024

A three-stage displacement amplification microgripper system based on compliant mechanisms was designed for microassembly and microoperation tasks. The static mechanical models of the microgripper system were established, and the mechanical characteristics of the output displacements, stresses, and strains of the microgripper system were comprehensively simulated and analyzed. It was demonstrated that the microgripper system demonstrated excellent leveling performance, with the stresses and strains being concentrated at the flexible hinges. Subsequently, the tracking control experiments of the finger displacement and gripping force of the microgripper system were conducted using sinusoidal signals, variable amplitude signals, and frequency signals. It was clearly illustrated that the dynamic performances of the microgripper system are remarkable, and the standard deviation of the tracking error of the finger displacement is no more than 0.2 µm, while that of the gripping force is 0.35 mN under closed-loop conditions. The designed microgripper system achieves accurate control of displacements and gripping forces, effectively fulfilling the requirements of high-precision microassembly tasks.
Extension of the lattice-based aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo approach to molecular crystals: Quantitative calculations on the thermodynamic stability of the urea polymorphs
Authors: Chen Bin
Published: July 2024

Motivated by the recent success in using a latticed-based version of the aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo method to determine the thermodynamic stabilities of both bcc and fcc clusters formed by Lennard-Jones particles, this approach is extended to the calculation of the nucleation-free energies of solid clusters formed by urea at 300 K in two different polymorphs, i.e., form I and form IV. In addition to the lattice confinement, the constraint on the molecular orientation was found necessary to ensure that the clusters sampled in these simulations are in the corresponding form. A model that can reproduce the experimental properties such as density and lattice parameters of form I at ambient conditions is used in this study. From the size dependencies of the free energies obtained for a finite set of clusters studied, the free energies of clusters at other sizes, including an infinitely large cluster, were extrapolated. At the infinite size, equivalent to a bulk solid, form I was found to be more stable than form IV, which agrees with the experimental results. In addition, form I was found to be thermodynamically stable throughout the entire cluster size range investigated here, which contradicts the previous finding that small form I clusters are unstable from the crystal nucleation simulation studies.
Comprehensive early warning of rockburst hazards based on unsupervised learning
Authors: Song Yue , Wang Enyuan , Yang Hengze , Liu Chengfei , Di Yangyang , Li Baolin , Chen Dong
Published: July 2024

Intelligent early warning of rockburst hazards is critical for ensuring safe and efficient coal mining operations. The utilization of monitoring techniques, such as microseismic (MS), acoustic emission (AE), and electromagnetic radiation (EMR), has become standard practice for monitoring dynamic hazards in mining environments. However, the inherent complexity and unpredictability of the signals generated by these monitoring systems present significant challenges. While the application of deep-learning methods has gained traction in the field of coal-rock dynamic disaster management, their reliance on vast amounts of data and susceptibility to subjective labeling and poor generalization have hindered the achievement of timely, efficient, accurate, and comprehensive warning of rockburst hazards. In response to these challenges, this study applied an unsupervised learning method based on long short-term memory and an autoencoder to identify precursors of rockburst hazards and predict signals. The robustness and universality of the model were evaluated using MS, AE, and EMR data from the mine site. Then, the entropy method was used to comprehensively process the MS, AE, and EMR signals and conduct risk assessment. Finally, impressive results were achieved: the accuracy of precursor recognition reached 99.18% and the fitting rate of signal prediction reached 93%. Through on-site verification, the efficacy of this approach is evidenced by its synchronization with field records, enabling proactive responses to potential rockburst risks. This method is expected to enhance intelligent warning systems and ensure the safety of coal mine activities.
Predefined finite time anti-phase synchronization studies of Hindmarsh–Rose neuron networks
Authors: Lin Lixiong , Yang Tonghai , Xu Zhiping , Zheng Jiachun
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the anti-phase synchronization of 5D Hindmarsh–Rose neuron networks (5D HRNNs) by using a predefined finite time approach. First, the global finite time stability of dynamic nonlinear systems is studied by using the inequality theorem. Then, by designing new negative predefined finite time controllers, in light of the Lyapunov functional method, novel predefined finite time anti-phase synchronization criteria are established for the considered 5D HRNNs. The anti-phase synchronization time of each state variable of two 5D HRNNs is different and can be defined in advance. Finally, two examples are used to verify the accuracy of the theorems.
Understanding the role of GeSbTe layer on atomic switch through current sweep mode measurement for enhanced threshold switching device
Authors: Lim Seokjae , Woo Jiyong
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate how to improve the turn-off speed of Ag-based volatile atomic switches with an Al2O3 electrolyte by understanding the origin of filament instability. Under the current sweep mode, our findings reveal that the formation of Ag–Te bonding due to the insertion of a GeSbTe layer (Ag/GeSbTe/Al2O3-based device) prevents the formation of a thick and stable Ag filament. As a result, the end of the filament appears to have the size of a single Ag atom, when analyzed based on the quantum conductance model. Thus, the instability of the Ag filament is maximized because of the large surface energy of the small filament. Furthermore, the low thermal conductivity of GeSbTe maximizes the internal thermal energy and accelerates the spontaneous dissolution of the unstable Ag filament. Based on these observations, the GeSbTe layer was introduced into the Ag/HfO2-based volatile atomic switch to quantify its effects on the turn-off speed. Our results show that the turn-off speed can be increased by more than a hundredfold by controlling both the amount of metal ions in the electrolyte and the internal thermal energy.
Optimization of joint preventive maintenance strategy for two-dimensional warranty equipment
Authors: Dong Enzhi , Wang Rongcai , Wang Qian , Cheng Zhonghua
Published: July 2024

The implementation of a joint preventive maintenance (JPM) strategy for complex product systems can significantly enhance maintenance effectiveness during the warranty period, alleviate the manufacturer’s warranty burden, and empower users with greater autonomy in maintenance activities. However, inadequate task allocation may lead to reduced product availability and increased financial burden on the manufacturer. This study proposes a JPM strategy for two-dimensional warranted complex product systems, with preventive maintenance being regular imperfect maintenance. Furthermore, the research examines the dynamics of the two-dimensional failure rate function under JPM strategies, leading to the development of nuanced warranty cost and availability models, and further develops a cost-effectiveness model. In pursuit of optimizing cost-effectiveness, a decision optimization model is formulated. This model encompasses decision variables such as the two-dimensional preventive maintenance intervals along with the timing and frequency of manufacturer intervention in preventive maintenance. The approach employed combines pattern search algorithms and genetic algorithms for model solutions. Finally, a JPM strategy for large engineering vehicles was developed. Comparing the JPM strategy given in this paper with several other strategies, the results show that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce warranty costs, improve availability, and ultimately improve cost-effectiveness. Through sensitivity analysis, the research provides managerial recommendations to guide the implementation of the proposed JPM strategies.
Minimum quantity blended bio-lubricants for sustainable machining of superalloy: An MCDM model-based study
Authors: Sen Binayak , Kothapalli Sunil Kumar , Kumar Raman , C Manjunath , Abdullah Irsyad , Singh Gurpartap , Santhosh A. Johnson
Published: July 2024

The imperative shift toward sustainability has driven contemporary scholars to explore the lubricating and cooling properties of vegetable oils in traditional metal-cutting processes. Palm oil, as an environmentally conscious derivative, emerges as a preferable option for the base fluid in Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). However, its high viscosity impedes fluidity, limiting industrial applicability. In contrast, sunflower oil offers superior lubricating qualities and flowability. Consequently, efforts have been directed toward enhancing the lubricating efficacy of palm oil. Six blends of palm and sunflower oils (ranging from 1:0.5 to 1:3) were utilized as MQL fluids, followed by evaluations of machining outcomes, including average surface roughness, specific cutting energy, and tool wear. In addition, an integrated Shannon’s Entropy-based Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) framework was employed to determine the optimal volume ratio of the palm–sunflower oil blend. The TOPSIS analysis confirmed that the 1:2 ratio yielded the most favorable outcomes. Subsequent comparative analysis demonstrated that this optimal blend resulted in reductions of 16.79% and 14.92% in surface roughness, 11.82% and 10.98% in specific cutting energy, and 10.19% and 8.45% in tool wear compared to pure palm and sunflower oil media, respectively. Finally, sustainability assessments of various cooling media revealed that a minimal quantity of the blended bio-lubricant-based medium outperforms both compressed air and flooded media.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: July 2024

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials that supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
Atomic scale smoothing of nanoscale quartz mold using amorphous carbon films
Authors: Farghali Abdelrahman , Iwasa Kazutoki , Kim Jongduk , Choi Junho
Published: July 2024

Surface roughness control of end products is increasingly becoming significant, especially with the miniaturization trends in the semiconductor industry. Ultra-thin amorphous carbon (a-C) films offer a prime solution to optimize surface roughness due to their outstanding characteristics. In this study, hydrogenated a-C films are deposited on two-dimensional quartz plates and three-dimensional quartz molds to evaluate the growth mechanisms and changes in the surface roughness, which is supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Results reveal that surface roughness encounters multiple variations until it reaches stable values. These fluctuations are categorized into four different stages which provide a concrete understanding of various growing mechanisms at each stage. Different behavior of the atoms in the top layers is recorded in the cases of normal and grazing incidents of carbon atoms. Lower surface roughness values are obtained at low-angle deposition. Interestingly, surface smoothing is attained on the sidewalls of the nanotrench mold where the deposition occurs with high incident ion angles.
Nonlocality of mixtures of the ground and first excited states within

J

1

−

J

2

Heisenberg model
Authors: Bao Jia , Shen Longhui , Liu Hongying , Guo Bin , Sun Zhaoyu
Published: July 2024

We investigate both bipartite and multipartite nonlocality in the

J

1

−

J

2

Heisenberg model. Bipartite nonlocality is measured by the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality, while multipartite nonlocality is explored through Bell-type inequalities. Our findings reveal that neither ground-state nor full thermal-state nonlocality reliably characterizes quantum phase transitions (QPTs). However, we uncover that the mixed-state nonlocality of the ground and first excited states exhibits distinctive characteristics applicable to both bipartite and multipartite scenarios. We also demonstrate how mixed-state quantum correlation behaviors depend on varying temperature regimes. In the bipartite case, we observe a phenomenon known as ‘correlation reversal’ with increasing temperature, a previously unreported occurrence in other models. For the multipartite case, the ability to signify phase transitions is significantly enhanced as the temperature rises. Furthermore, we discover a linear scaling effect that provides valuable insights for extrapolating QPTs in the thermodynamic limit as

N
→
∞

. Additionally, we identify the critical temperature at which mixed-state nonlocality becomes a reliable indicator of phase transitions.
Application of wavelet dynamic joint adaptive network guided by pseudo-label alignment mechanism in gearbox fault diagnosis
Authors: Shao Zhenfa , Jiang Hong , Zhang Xiangfeng , Zhou Jianyu , Hu Xiaoheng
Published: July 2024

In practical scenarios, gearbox fault diagnosis faces the challenge of extremely scarce labeled data. Additionally, variations in operating conditions and differences in sensor installations exacerbate data distribution shifts, significantly increasing the difficulty of fault diagnosis. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a wavelet dynamic joint self-adaptive network guided by a pseudo-label alignment mechanism (MDJSN-DFL). First, the wavelet-efficient convolution module is designed based on wavelet convolution and efficient attention mechanisms. This module is used to construct a multi-wavelet convolution feature extractor to extract critical fault features at multiple levels. Secondly, to improve the classifier’s discriminability in the target domain, a transitional clustering-guided DFL is developed. This mechanism can capture fuzzy classification samples and improve the pseudo-label quality of the target domain. Finally, a dynamic joint mean square difference algorithm (DJSD) is proposed, which is composed of joint maximum mean square discrepancy and joint maximum mean discrepancy. The algorithm can adaptively adjust according to the dynamic balance factor to minimize the domain distribution discrepancy. Experiments on two different gearbox datasets show that MDJSN-DFL performs better in diagnostic scenarios under varying load conditions and different sensor installation setups, validating the proposed method’s effectiveness and superiority.
Existence and stability of weak solutions of the Vlasov–Poisson system in localised Yudovich spaces
Authors: Crippa Gianluca , Inversi Marco , Saffirio Chiara , Stefani Giorgio
Published: July 2024

We consider the Vlasov–Poisson system both in the repulsive (electrostatic potential) and in the attractive (gravitational potential) cases. Our first main theorem yields the analog for the Vlasov–Poisson system of Yudovich’s celebrated well-posedness theorem for the Euler equations: we prove the uniqueness and the quantitative stability of Lagrangian solutions

f
=
f
(
t
,
x
,
v
)

whose associated spatial density

ρ
f

=

ρ
f

(
t
,
x
)

is potentially unbounded but belongs to suitable uniformly-localised Yudovich spaces. This requirement imposes a condition of slow growth on the function

p
↦
‖

ρ
f

(
t
,
⋅
)

‖

L
p

uniformly in time. Previous works by Loeper, Miot and Holding–Miot have addressed the cases of bounded spatial density, i.e.

‖

ρ
f

(
t
,
⋅
)

‖

L
p

≲
1

, and spatial density such that

‖

ρ
f

(
t
,
⋅
)

‖

L
p

∼

p

1

/

α

for

α
∈
[
1
,
+
∞
)

. Our approach is Lagrangian and relies on an explicit estimate of the modulus of continuity of the electric field and on a second-order Osgood lemma. It also allows for iterated-logarithmic perturbations of the linear growth condition. In our second main theorem, we complement the aforementioned result by constructing solutions whose spatial density sharply satisfies such iterated-logarithmic growth. Our approach relies on real-variable techniques and extends the strategy developed for the Euler equations by the first and fourth-named authors. It also allows for the treatment of more general equations that share the same structure as the Vlasov–Poisson system. Notably, the uniqueness result and the stability estimates hold for both the classical and the relativistic Vlasov–Poisson systems.
Phytochemical preparation of Zinc Stannate nanoparticles by using lemon and grapefruit peels for removal of cadmium ions
Authors: Salova Aneta , Mohealdeen Sura Mohammad , Hussein Abbas Hameed Abdul , Hasan Dheyaa Flayih , Mushtaq Hiba , Idan Ameer Hassan , Fallah Amer Ramadan
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of Zinc Stannate (Zn2SnO4) nanoparticles may be achieved by utilizing lemon and grapefruit peels, as indicated by the results of this study. This analysis outlines a sustainable, cost-effective, and readily available approach. The Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles were generated biologically and were discovered to have a cubic crystalline structure, as established by structural analysis using Rietveld refinement. TEM microstructural examinations revealed that Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles exhibit a homogeneous distribution and possess an average diameter of around 21 nm. The Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles have an optical energy band gap of 3.05 eV and demonstrate a UV region peak, which showed that Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles were being formed. More precisely, the pH of the solution greatly affects the absorption of Cd2+ ions. Kinetic analysis involves the use of two types of models: pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The previous model yields an R2 value of 0.9031 and a rate constant (k1) of 0.41 × 10−2 min−1. However, the pseudo-second-order model provides a better match, as seen by its very high R2 value of 0.9932 and rate constant (k2) value of 4.4 × 10−3 g.(mg.min)−1. In addition, isotherm modeling shows that the experimental data closely match the Freundlich isotherm model.
Automated shot-to-shot optimization of the plasma start-up scenario in the TCV tokamak
Authors: di Grazia Luigi Emanuel , Felici Federico , Mattei Massimiliano , Merle Antoine , Molina Pedro , Galperti Cristian , Coda Stefano , Duval Basil , Maier Antoine , Mele Adriano , Perek Artur , Pironti Alfredo , Ravensbergen Timo , Vincent Benjamin , Wüthrich Curdin ,   the TCV Team
Published: July 2024

Plasma start-up is typically achieved manipulating poloidal magnetic fields, gas injection and possibly auxiliary heating. Model-based design techniques have been gaining increasing attention in view of future large tokamaks which have more stringent constraints and less room for trial-and-error. In this paper, we formulate the tokamak start-up scenario design problem as a constrained optimization problem and introduce a novel shot-to-shot correction algorithm, based on the Iterative Learning Control concept, to compensate for unavoidable modeling errors based on experimental data. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in experiments on the TCV tokamak showing that the target ramp-up scenario could be obtained in a small number of shots with a rough electromagnetic model.