bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
خصائص التصور الفلسفي للقرآن الكريم والوحي النبوي عند منجي لسود في كتابه "إسلام الفلاسفة"
Authors: Makmun Muhammad , Budiningsih Dessy Yanti Srie
Published: January 2020

This study tries to present the characteristics of  philosophical knowledge of the Qur'an and Prophetic Revelation according to Munji Laswad in his book Islam wa al-Falasifa". This book presents the appearance or manifestation of the philosophers' unity (their perspective on Islam) in several theological discourses based on the characteristics of philosophical perspectives. The author finds that philosophers according to Munji Laswad have special characteristics in seeing and understanding Islam and some of the main concepts in it specifically related to their perspective on the Qur'an and Prophetic Revelation. Among these characteristics is a knowledge (depiction of something) that must be connected with the burhan(demonstrative proposition) which is a special feature of the schools of Islamic philosophy. Even this type of burhanis a differentiator between philosophy and others, either theology, Sufism or jurisprudence
A study of photocatalytic degradation of methomyl and its commercial product Lannate-90
Authors: Tomasevic Andjelka , Marinkovic Aleksandar , Mijin Dusan , Radisic Marina , Porobic Slavica , Prlainovic Nevena , Gasic Slavica
Published: January 2020

Photocatalytic degradation of the carbamate insecticide methomyl and its commercial product Lannate-90 in aqueous suspension of TiO2 and ZnO using an Osram ultra-vitalux' lamp (315-400 nm) was investigated. The objective of the investigation was to study and compare the rates of photochemical degradation of the pure active compound and its formulated product in order to find out the impact of inert ingredients on degradation processes. The photochemical degradation of pure methomyl was found to be slower than the degradation of its commercial product Lannate-90. Photodegradation was investigated by UV-Vis spectrometry and HPLC, while mineralization was monitored using IC and TOC analyses. Light absorption capabilities of catalysts were characterized by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy method, while the stability of catalysts was studied by infrared analyses. Degradation products of methomyl and its formulated product were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) results and tentative photodegradation pathways were proposed.
Effect of platelet-rich plasma on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement:
Authors: El-Timamy Ahmed , El Sharaby Fouad , Eid Faten , El Dakroury Amr , Mostafa Yehya , Shaker Olfat
Published: January 2020

Objective

To investigate the effect of local injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods

Sixteen female patients were randomly allocated in a split-mouth study design to receive PRP injections with CaCl2 activating solution on one side (intervention side) while the other side received CaCl2 injection only (control side). Canine retraction was performed on 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire applying 1.5 N retraction force. PRP and CaCl2 injections were done at 0, 3, and 6 weeks. The duration of the study was 4 months. Data were collected from digitized models. Assessment of pain accompanying the procedure was done using a visual analogue scale.

Results

The rate of canine retraction was faster on the intervention side in the first 2 months, with a statistically significant difference in the first month (P = .049). On the other hand, the rate was statistically significantly slower on the intervention side in the third month following cessation of PRP injections (P = .02). Pain increased following injections on both sides.

Conclusions

PRP showed a positive potential to accelerate the rate of tooth movement when injected in the first 2 months. Repeated injections of PRP to maintain a steady rate of accelerated tooth movement warrant further investigation.
Tire Rolling Kinematics Model for an Intelligent Tire Based on an Accelerometer
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Zhe , Kaliske Michael , Wei Yintao
Published: January 2020

The idea of intelligent tires is to develop a tire into an active perception component or a force sensor with an embedded microsensor, such as an accelerometer. A tire rolling kinematics model is necessary to link the acceleration measured with the tire body elastic deformation, based on which the tire forces can be identified. Although intelligent tires have attracted wide interest in recent years, a theoretical model for the rolling kinematics of acceleration fields is still lacking. Therefore, this paper focuses on an explicit formulation for the tire rolling kinematics of acceleration, thereby providing a foundation for the force identification algorithms for an accelerometer-based intelligent tire. The Lagrange–Euler method is used to describe the acceleration field and contact deformation of rolling contact structures. Then, the three-axis acceleration vectors can be expressed by coupling rigid body motion and elastic deformation. To obtain an analytical expression of the full tire deformation, a three-dimensional tire ring model is solved with the tire–road deformation as boundary conditions. After parameterizing the ring model for a radial tire, the developed method is applied and validated by comparing the calculated three-axis accelerations with those measured by the accelerometer. Based on the features of acceleration, especially the distinct peak values corresponding to the tire leading and trailing edges, an intelligent tire identification algorithm is established to predict the tire–road contact length and tire vertical load. A simulation and experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of the estimation algorithm, the results of which demonstrate good agreement. The proposed model provides a solid theoretical foundation for an acceleration-based intelligent tire.
Cardioesophageal carcinoid: multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis
Authors: Kazakova Svetlana S. , Aftaeva Elena V. , Kurkova Elena A.
Published: January 2020

Cardioesophageal carcinoid is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm. Diagnosis and treatment are especially difficult in case of proximal localization of the gastric lesion (in the region of cardia) which requires a complex multidisciplinary approach. The clinical presentation of gastric carcinoid is in most cases nonspecific, and the tumor is accidentally detected in endoscopic exa-mination for the pain syndrome, dyspepsia, anemia, etc. Thus, all said above makes tumors of cardioesophageal zone a rather actual problem. In this article, on an example of patient K., of 61 years of age, possibilities of a complex approach to diagnosis and treatment of a complicated case of cardioesophageal carcinoid are shown.
Conclusion. Diagnosis of carcinoid tumors is difficult and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The algorithm of diagnostic search and treatment tactics should suggest an individual approach in each clinical case which permits to make a correct diagnosis and to successfully reali-ze a required complex of medical measures.
Radical Voices in Indian English Poetry: A Study of the Poetry of Kamala Das
Authors: Goswami Dr. Karabi
Published: January 2020

The creative genius of Kamala Das, one of the most prominent voices of protest in Indian English Literature is often compared to the American poet Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton as both of them used the confessional mode of writing in their poetry. Kamala Das, born in 1934 in Thrissur district of kerela emerged as a distinctive poetic voice with the publication of the first volume of her poetry Summer in Calcutta. In her poems Kamala Das has always raised a voice against the conventionalized figure of a woman, seeking a more dignified and honourable position for woman as an entity. In fact her poetry addresses the most critical issue in the contemporary society-the need to awaken the women. Her poetry collections include- Summer in Calcutta (1965), The Descendents (1967), The Old Playhouse and Other poems (1973), Tonight, This Savage Rite (1979), The Collected Poems (1984). My Story published in 1976 is her autobiography.
Lamentation as a Tool of Subversion and Empowerment: A Study of Mahaswetha Devi’s “Rudali”
Authors: John Jerrin Aleyamma
Published: January 2020

One half of humanity is often referred to as the weaker sex owing to the categorization of certain traits of theirs as “weaknesses”, but these traits eventually turn out to be the tools for women’s empowerment. This paper attempts to analyse the empowering and subverting role of lamentation in Mahaswetha Devi’s “Rudali” where the act of mourning could be seen in different levels of meaning; lamentation as an agency for subverting the oppressor, the material prosperity gained by the mourners and the emergence of the Rudalis in deciding the prestige of the rich. The patriarchal notion regarding the sensitive nature of women categorize them as ‘mourners’ who wins through their ‘tears’ and “Rudali” reinstates this fact but in a new light. The protagonist Sanichari evolves into a strong and empowered woman who learns the commodification of grief and her lamentation destroys the hegemonic and oppressive rule of the exploiter. The ability to cry is transformed into a tool of subversion. Thereby mourning and the mourners become a threatening factor for the oppressors as it becomes a display of mockery. The grief that crept into the life of the oppressed through the oppressors is eventually transformed in to a mourning of jubilation, subversion and empowerment by the end of the narrative.
Glimpses of Id Domination and Abreaction in Ian McEwan’s First Love, Last Rites
Authors: Singh Shivani
Published: January 2020

First Love, Last Rites, a collection of short stories by Ian McEwan was published in 1975. This was the first work written by McEwan that consist eight short stories with estranged and perplexed themes. Ian McEwan received a mixed reaction of criticism as well as appreciation by the readers. The stories are usually of fifteen to twenty pages with the following titles - “Solid Geometry”, “Homemade”, “Last Day of Summer”, “Cocker at the Theatre”, “Butterflies”, “Conversation with a Cupboard Man” and “First Love, Last Rites” and “Disguise”. The author has also included a short story named after the title of his collection. There are numerous aspects in the stories where either the narrators or the protagonists talk about their suppressed emotions or fulfilled desires without being concerned about the societal norms and environment around them. This paper will analyse eight short stories of McEwan in light of the psychoanalytical terms, ‘Id Domination’ and ‘Abreaction’.
Folklore as Tradition, Heritage and Profession
Authors: Soni Rohan Kumar
Published: January 2020

Folklore as a field of study and academic discipline was first recognized following the works of Johann Gottfried Herder in 1770s. The works of Herder, his collection of 'folktales' from German speaking regions is considered the base  for later folklore collections, such as those done by the Brothers Grimm and Charles Perrault. Although the discipline of folklore is now well established in various institutions across the Americas, Europe and Africa and Asia. This paper tries to understand folklore in relation with the concepts such as Tradition, Heritage and Profession. How folklore in this fast changing world represents the heritage, tradition, and profession of a community? Can folklore and its performance be appreciated for its inherent economic potential as a profession? The paper, through certain examples and observation, will try to understand the significance of these concepts and attempt to answer such questions.
Corruption as Responsible Factor for Poverty in Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger
Authors: Abullais Md.
Published: January 2020

Adiga has written the novel The White Tiger in the phase of his career when India was facing problems of corruption, moral depravity deceit. In the realistic portrayal of Indian society. He has canvassed to us a class of people where are social status are being determined by economic status.  In his debut novel. The White Tiger, Adiga exposes the real but ugly face of India’s heart of darkness, mainly the rural India, Indian political system and government machinery.  Politicians and bureaucrats misappropriate public money. Politicians and bourgeoisie follow the colonialist tendencies of exploitative methods. Adiga points out the problems of corruption facing by the people in India. The White Tiger expresses the power of the rich and their domination to the poor.
A Study of the Significance of Communion in Toni Morrison’s Novel Beloved
Authors: K. F Princy , John Dr. Suma Aleya
Published: January 2020

The term ‘communion’ means sharing of thoughts and feelings. The Cambridge English   Dictionary defines communion as a close relationship with someone in which feelings and thoughts are exchanged. Communion is a recognizable theme in Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved. Beloved is set in the era of Reconstruction and explores the psychological state of African Americans and their struggles to rebuild themselves after the trauma of slavery. In Beloved, Toni Morrison shows communion as a remedy to recover from one’s past traumatic life. Most of the characters in Beloved are slaves or ex-slaves struggling to reconcile with their past. This paper aims to study how communion helps the characters to remember and share their past and how their close relationship with mutual understanding makes recovery possible. This paper also presents characters who encourage communion and discourage it. Through her novel Beloved, Morrison conveys the message that communion leads to a better life.
The effect of expertise on Air Traffic controller's situation awareness
Authors: Song ChangSun , Yoon YongSik , Sohn YoungWoo
Published: January 2020

This research examined air traffic controller performance on situation awareness (SA) tasks for routine and non-routine situations. Additionally, the difference of working memory capacity between novices and experts was analyzed. To assess SA performance, participants were asked to answer the query after the simulation was frozen. We employed 2*2*2 mixed factorial design including the between-subjects variable of air traffic controller expertise (novices, experts) and the within-subjects variables of the normality of situation (routine, non-routine), and the distracter task (yes, no) and then assessed the capacity of working memory. The results suggest that experts' performance significantly remained higher than novices for non-routine situations. When the distracter task was given, experts' SA accuracy was significantly higher than novices for both routine and non-routine situations. However, there is no difference in working memory capacity between experts and novices. These findings suggest that the performance on SA task was affected by the expertise of the professional development and training.
Relationships between various Person-Environment Fit types and employees’ mental health
Authors: Tak Jinkook
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the relationships between various person-environment fit types and employees' mental health with a longitudinal data. I collected an initial survey data from 901 employees who had been with their organizations for 6 months at most and whose current organizations were their first employers. Of these respondents, only 297 responded to the second survey, 6 months after the first. Among these employees, 80 who left their companies were deleted. The results of correlational analyses showed that among three types of fit, person-organization fit correlated more strongly with mental health, life satisfaction, and burnout on the first and second surveys rather than did person-job fit and person-supervisor fit. Results of regression analyses also showed similar results. The implications, limitations, and future research of this study were discussed.
The effects of Psychological Contract Breach on Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Park Jieun , Oh Wonkung , Kim MinSoo
Published: January 2020

This study examined that the role of dispositional affectivity in the relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Based on data from 318 employees, we found that when the levels of promised and delivered inducements of psychological contract breach are equal, employees’ OCB increases the absolute levels of two types of inducements increase. Furthermore, we found that dispositional affectivity moderated the relationship between psychological contract breach and OCB. While positive affectivity strengthened the relationship between the delivered inducements of breach and OCB, negative affectivity moderated the relationship between the promised inducements of breach and OCB. These results contribute the psychological contract literature and employment relationship. Implications are discussed and directions for future research are provided.
Halal System in Meat Industries
Authors: Zainalabidin Fazly Ann , Hassan Fadilah Mohd , Zin Nur Sapinah Mat , Azmi Wan Nabilah Wan , Ismail Mohd Iswadi
Published: January 2020

Halal certification is one of the prerequisites for entering the global halal market. It does provide recognition of quality and safe product through the concept of halalan toyyiban for the entire supply chain, from farm to fork. In halal meat industry, the system covers from practicing good animal husbandry in the farm until the post-slaughter management in order to maintain the halal status. Animal welfare aspect and ante-mortem inspection were also highlighted in reducing the chances of slaughtering the injured or diseased animal which may not only affecting the meat quality but unhealthy for consumption. Rapid bleeding resulting from the slaughtering process will increases the shelf-life of the meat by reducing the risk of carcass contamination and product deterioration. As the concept of toyyiban (wholesomeness) is practice, the meat is free from any microbiological, physical and chemical hazards.
Kinetics study on dried Moringa oleiferaleaves during sun drying, multi commodity solar tunnel dryer drying and oven drying
Authors: Suzauddula Md. , Miah M Moeen , Mukta Nasima Akter , Kamrul Najia , Hossain Md. Bellal
Published: January 2020

Moringa oleifera leaves are familiar to all, but unknowing that this leaves contain quite a lot of nutrient value which are useful for human body function. This plant’s leaves contain verities of antioxidant which inhabit & fight against free radical to cell of human body for preventing cancer. Moringa leaves need to dry for use through diversified use. Storage and processing quality depend on better dry. The purpose of this research isto identifying and examined performance of different types of dryer to dry Moringa oleiferaleaves. For Moringa dried leaves apply three common type of dryer i.e. sun dryer, multi commodity solar tunnel dryer and oven dryer. This study was conducted to introducing & used of Moringa oleifera leaves as ingredient of functional foods. Through this study the ration of time and moisture loss by several dryer are mentioned. Most of the dryer for temperature range 30°C to 70°C. In MCST dryer found better in color and dried rate as compared others, highest moisture loss in happed in MCST dryer and total removal moisture 75 %. At each dryer 40 g sample was taken. Frequently after 2 hours the dryers were observed and the Moringaleaves (sample 1, 2) were scatteredhomogenously into the baskets or salver. Moistnessreduction datawasnotedaftereach 2 hour breakswhile drying process running. The time and moisture contend will vary for based on the maturity of moringa leaves. In the closing moisture found at the final product was approximately 25 % and total 17.50 g. Optimum amount of moisture content increase shelf life, prevent loss of nutrition and protect form microbial spoilage.
Transplanting date adjustment in Boro rice cultivation as a strategy to reduce groundwater withdrawal in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Md. Hossain
Published: January 2020

Due to intensive irrigated rice cultivation during dry season, declining trend of groundwater level is observed in many parts of Bangladesh. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at four experimental stations of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of some Boro rice cultivars in different planting dates with respect to yield and irrigation water requirement, and to optimize between yield and irrigation water requirement, with a view to reduce groundwater withdrawal and hence reducing mining of groundwater. The transplanting dates were 21th January (T1), 15th February (T2), 7th March and 30th March. Four rice cultivars were used. The results showed that the rice growth period was shortened with the later dates of transplanting. Generally, the yield of all cultivars at first and second transplanting (i.e. in T1 & T2) are good, and decrease at the later transplanting dates (T3, T4) and hence could not be recommended among farmers. When we consider the irrigation savings in T2 compare to T1, the irrigation savings varies with location and year, but the general tendency is that the second transplanting can save irrigation water. By considering economic (intrusion of additional rabi crop between two rice crops) and ecological factor (irrigation reduction, and hence reducing groundwater withdrawal), we recommend that the most suitable transplanting time for Boro rice should be 15th February. As such, we can effectively achieve good yield, reduce irrigation requirement, and creating opportunity for possible intrusion of addition Rabi crop between two rice crops. Overall, the findings of the present study can provide effective transplanting time and cultivar to reduce groundwater withdrawal in the present agro-ecosystem of northwestern Bangladesh and other similar areas.
Response Of Maize Varieties To Sowing Dates In Inner Terai Region, Dang, Nepal
Authors: Khanal Pukar , Karn Rupak , Chhetri Pratibha Budhathoki , Karki Samita , Sah Shrawan Kumar
Published: January 2020

Sowing dates and varieties affect the productivity of maize. A field experiment was conducted to find out the response of maize hybrids to sowing dates on growth and productivity of maize in spring season at Lamahi, Dang in 2019. The experiment was laid out in two factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatment consisted of combination of three different sowing dates (February 1, February12 and February 23) and two maize varieties (Arun-2 i.e. OPV and hybrid Bioseed-9220).The result revealed that earlier planting on February 1 produced the highest yield (8265 Kg ha-1) which was significantly superior than latter planting of February 12(6099 kg ha-1)and February 23 (5934 kg ha-1).The higher yield in earlier planting was due to significantly higher no of kernel per ear, non-significant but higher number of cob per unit area, thousand grain weight. Similarly, Bioseed 9220 produced higher yield (7798 kg ha-1) compared to Arun-2 (5,734 kg ha-1). The higher yield of hybrid Bioseed 9220 was because of higher number of cob per unit area harvested and more number of kernel per cob. Therefore, earlier planting with hybrid maize is recommended in spring season of Dang and locations with similar climatic conditions for higher productivity of maize.
Significance Of Nutritional Value Of Fish For Human Health
Authors: Balami Sujita , Sharma Ayushma , Karn Rupak
Published: January 2020

Nutrients are the substances which give nourishment to the body and promote growth. These nutrients are present in varieties of foods in various amounts. Fish is a source of aquatic food which can both be farmed and wild caught. Fish is rich in macronutrients: proteins, lipids and ash and micronutrients: vitamins and minerals. Proteins in the fish have immunoglobins that acts as defense mechanism against viral and bacterial infections and prevent protein calorie malnutrition. Lipids mainly LC n-3 PUFAs like EPA and DHA prevents cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases and maintains blood pressure and neuro-development in child. Selenium is important for the function of thyroid gland. Iron helps in synthesis of hemoglobin and prevents the occurrence of anemia. Calcium and vitamin D naturally present in fish prevents rickets, low bone-mineral density and osteomalacia. Vitamin A in fish helps in normal growth, formation of bones and teeth. Despite these importances’s, fish is still undervalued and less consumed compared to other animal protein sources due to lack of awareness. If the per capita consumption of the fish can be increased, then people can have many health benefits. People should be made known about the health benefits of fish. Many other researches should be conducted to make the nutritional value of fish known to the world.
Morphological characterization of garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm
Authors: Salahuddin Md. , Rahim M.A. , Alam S.M.Jakir Bin , Rahman Md. Mahfujur , Rahman Jubaidur
Published: January 2020

A total of 25 garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm were collected from different location of Bangladesh and also from different countries of the world. Each germplasm was planted in each plot of 1m2 at the Allium Field Laboratory, Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. This study was conducted during October, 2010 to March, 2011 in the field, using randomized complete block design with three replications. All germplasm were characterized on number of leaves, height of plant, leaf length, fresh weight of leaf, dry weight of leaf, number of cloves per bulb, length and diameter of bulb, fresh weight of bulb, dry weight of bulb, yield per plot and yield per hectare. Analyses of variances showed that garlic germplasm with different origins were significantly different for all characters. Different germplasm resulted better performances but germplasm G49 from Vietnam gave the highest results in respect of number of leaves per plant (10.63), leaf length (43.57 cm), fresh leaf weight (92.47g), dry leaf weight (6.13g), fresh weight of bulb (21.37g), total number of cloves per bulb (42.13), bulb diameter (4.13cm), fresh weight of bulb (21.37g), dry weight of bulb (5.73g) and yield (9.83 t/ha) which could help future researchers in garlic selection program and improvement of yield.
Modernisation of a Lift that Constitutes Part of the Breathing Simulator, Equipment Part 2
Authors: Talaśka Zbigniew , Jakus Bartłomiej
Published: January 2020

This article is a continuation of the article published in issue No. 3 (64) 2018 of Polish Hyperbaric Research, which demonstrated the scope of changes which a typical car lift should be subjected to in order to extend its functionality to that of a hoist, that lifts the lid of the decompression chamber, in a breathing simulator used at the Department of Underwater Works Technology of the Naval Academy in Gdynia.
Developing a Methodology for Testing and Preliminary Determination of the Presence of Legionella Spp. and Legionella Pneumophila in Environmental Water Samples by Immunomagnetic Separation Combined with Flow Cytometry
Authors: Dąbrowiecki Zbigniew , Dąbrowiecka Małgorzata , Olszański Romuald , Siermontowski Piotr
Published: January 2020

In the event of an epidemic of Legionnaires’ disease, prompt and unambiguous identification of the source of infection and immediate undertaking of repair actions is a necessary condition to limit and minimise the effects of the developing epidemic. In the classical method for determining the level of Legionella bacteria in water samples, the effectiveness of the reparative action (increase of the water temperature in the water supply system to 600C, additional chlorination) can only be confirmed after 14 days!!! Only by using the IMMS&FCM method can Legionella’s determination time be reduced to 2-4 hours, which is the most important factor in limiting the development of an epidemic.
The Role of Imperial Women in the Monetary Distributions (Liberalitas) in Rome in the Light of Numismatic Sources
Authors: Balbuza Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

Liberalitas was one of the most important forms of social activities of the Roman emperors. In quantitative terms, it is also one of the five most important imperial virtues. It appeared on coins as Liberalitas Augusti, which gave this virtue an additional, divine dimension. The first Empress to depict the idea of imperial generosity on the coins issued on her behalf was Julia Domna. In this respect, her liberalitas coins mark a breakthrough in the exposition of this imperial virtue. The well-known female liberalitas coin issues, or imperial issues with empresses’ portraits, date back to the third century and clearly articulate the liberalitas, both iconographically and literally, through the legend on the reverse of the coin. Other coins, issued on behalf of the emperors (mainly medallions), accentuate in some cases (Julia Mamaea, Salonina) the personal and active participation of women from the imperial house in congiarium-type activities. The issues discussed and analysed, which appeared on behalf of the emperors or the imperial women – with a clear emphasis on the role of women – undoubtedly demonstrate the feminine support for the emperor’s social policy towards the people of Rome, including the various social undertakings of incumbent emperors, to whom they were related. They prove their active involvement and support for the image of the princeps created by the emperors through the propaganda of virtues (such as liberalitas). The dynastic policy of the emperors, in which the empresses played a key role, was also of considerable importance.
Socks at War: American Hand Knitters and Military Footwear Production for the World Wars
Authors: Maines Rachel P.
Published: January 2020

In both World Wars, combatant nations, including the United States, Britain, and Germany, learned that inadequate or poorly-maintained footwear produced costly and preventable casualties from trench foot and frostbite. While provision of shoes and boots to troops were major issues in earlier conflicts, no nation before World War I had fully appreciated the significance of warm, dry, well-fitting socks to the effectiveness of soldiers in the field. The large numbers of trench foot casualties in World War I, especially among the French and British, convinced policymakers that this vital commodity must receive a higher priority in military production planning, but few nations in wartime could shift production to knitting mills rapidly enough to make a difference. Thus, in Britain and the U.S, the best policy option proved to be recruiting women and children civilians to knit socks by hand for the military in the first war, and for refugees, prisoners and civilians in the second. This paper discusses the economic and military importance of this effort, including the numbers of pairs produced, and the program’s role in supplementing industrial production. The production of this low-technology but crucial item of military apparel is typical of detail-oriented tasks performed by women under conditions of full mobilization for war, in that they have a high impact on battlefield and home front performance and morale, but very low visibility as significant contributions to national defense. Often, both during and after the emergency, these efforts are ridiculed as trivial and/or wasteful. Unlike women pilots or industrial workers, handcrafters of essential supplies are regarded as performing extensions of their domestic roles as makers and caretakers of clothing and food. This was especially true in the U.S. in and after World War II, a wealthy industrialized nation that took pride in its modern - and thoroughly masculinist - military industrial complex.
Women in Polish banking during the Second Polish Republic
Authors: Leszczyńska Cecylia
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to analyse the employment of women in banking during the Second Polish Republic (i.e. interwar Poland). The banking sector was small in terms of employment. The number of people associated with this sector was 18.1 thousand in 1921 and 31.2 thousand in 1931, which accounted for 0.5-0.6% of all professionally active workers outside the agricultural sector. The banking community was dominated by men, the number of women working in banks was about 6.1 thousand in 1921 and 8.5 thousand in 1931 (30% of all human resources). This paper presents the nature of jobs performed by women, their positions and earnings. The presentation takes a number of forms: according to bank types, groups of voivodeships, size of the town and according to headquarters and branches. In all cases, the activities and earnings of women and men were compared.
Women in the Polish Industry — Employment Numbers and Structure in the Years 1945-1956
Authors: Chumiński Jędrzej
Published: January 2020

The first decade of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR) saw a radical increase in the number of workers employed in the industry. Many of the new workers were women, whose situation on the job market was much more dynamic than men’s. New staff was mainly recruited from the rural population. Workers were poorly educated and had little work experience, which begs a question regarding the economic rationale behind this process. Some of the new employees could actually be included in the category of “hidden unemployment”. Their marginal productivity equaled zero, which means that their work had no actual impact on the gross national income. Furthermore, such “unemployment at work” negatively impacts morale and work quality, leads to increased staff turnover, and essentially prevents workers from improving their financial situation. Considering the poorer socio-demographic characteristics of women compared to men, one can pose the thesis that the rate of needless employment was significantly higher among women than among men.
Professional Work of Women in State Agricultural Farms (1949–1989) — an Overview
Authors: Machałek Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Women employed in State Agricultural Farms (SAF) were blue- and white-collar workers, the former group being more numerous. However, the blue-collar workers mainly worked seasonally, during the period of intensive field work. When it comes to fulltime work, it was usually related to animal production. The demand for this type of work decreased with the progress of mechanization. Meanwhile, the demand for white-collar workers, especially those with agricultural education and experience, increased. Since the 1960s, the SAFs increasingly employed women qualified in agronomy, animal production, and veterinary medicine. However, they were not always accepted in positions traditionally considered “masculine”. For most women, work in SAFs was not attractive due to difficult working conditions and low prestige. If a woman decided to work there, it was usually for economic reasons. Most women did not take up professional activity and performed the traditional roles of wives and mothers.
Swiss Multilingualism: A Historical Background to Language Policy
Authors: Stępkowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Specific historical and linguistic circumstances gave way to a Swiss original concept of a multilingual state as the nation of the will. The discussion concerns problems inherent to the unity-in-diversity philosophy and the proportional representation of national languages within the framework of the Swiss constitution, including the legislation protecting language and the language principles obtaining in Switzerland. Drawing on the language ideology studies, this paper shows how the linguistic diversity is designed on the administrative level and what provisions have been made to maintain multilingualism. The discussion also addresses and concludes on the ever timely questions of diversity, pluralism and intergroup cooperation fostered by the Swiss political and social culture.
Career Choices and Moral Choices. Changing Tracks in the Trolley Problem
Authors: Dzionek-Kozłowska Joanna , Rehman Sharaf
Published: January 2020

Numerous authors indicate that the influence of academic education extends beyond the growth of specialized knowledge gained by the graduates. Scholars are trying to identify and examine the potential impact of higher learning on students’ attitudes and choices. One of the dimensions considered by the researchers is the effect of university training on students’ moral choices. Our paper attempts to identify differences between the students’ declared moral choices and their majors (fields of studies). Working with a sample of university students of Economics and Sociology (N = 181), and using three variants of the Trolley Problem, the subjects’ responses are used to identify the similarities and differences between their choices. The participants were asked to respond to three hypothetical situations regarding a runaway trolley. Their decision in the first scenario could save a person’s life or let her be run over by the trolley. In the second scenario, their decision could either let one person die and save five lives or save one life and let five people be killed. These two scenarios required pulling a lever to switch the trolley from one track to another. The third scenario requires pushing an obese person in front of the runaway trolley to stop it from killing five persons. As expected, we found a significant difference between the two groups (the economists and the sociologists) in the case of our third scenario, however, we found no evidence supporting the indoctrination hypothesis. We conclude that the existing differences between the choices made by the future economists and sociologists may support the preselection hypothesis.
The Climate Conducive to Creativity in the City and its Impact on the Development of Creative Sectors
Authors: Pangsy-Kania Sylwia , Sokół Aneta
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, creativity has become one of the most important determinants of the development of modern economy. In it lies the potential for economic success not only of entire regions, but above all of business entities. Although creativity is difficult to define, it more frequently becomes the subject of scholarly considerations. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the climate for creativity because it determines the development of creativity and creative attitudes in creative sectors. The main research goal was to show the importance and pattern of the determinants creating a climate conducive to creativity and its impact on the development of creative industries. The method of the study was a critical analysis of the source literature and the author’s own research. The aim of the work became the basis for formulating the following research hypothesis: recognising the components constituting a pattern of the climate conducive to creativity in the city will enable better development of entities included in the creative sector. In order to achieve the set goal and verify the research hypothesis, quantitative and qualitative research was carried out among representatives of creative professions employed in the creative sectors.
Peran Hara N, P dan K pada Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Ratun Lima Genotipe Padi
Authors: Susilawati , , Purwoko Bambang Sapta , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Santosa Edi
Published: January 2020

The objective of the research was to determine the roles of fertilizers application in improving rice ratoons. Statistical design used was a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was three levels of fertilizer rate (kg ha-1) i.e. 5 N + 27 P2O5; 45 N + 30 K2O; and 27 P2O5+30 K2O. The second factor was rice genotypes, i.e. Cimelati, Hipa-5 and Rokan varieties, and two lines of rice i.e. IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1. The growth and production characters of main crops and ratoon were observed. The results showed that both genotypes and rates of fertilizer affected yield of ratoon. Following application of (kg ha-1) 45 N + 27 P2O5 three genotypes produced the highest ratoon, i.e. IPB106-7-47-DJ-1 and IPB106-F-8-1 lines and Rokan variety. Cimelati and Hipa-5 varieties produced higher number of ratoon with fertilizer rate (kg ha-1) 45 N + 30 K2O. Ratoon production of all genotypes ranged 38.1-56.6% of the main crop. This study clearly demonstrated that N, P and K fertilizer had important roles in increasing yield and yield components of rice ratoon. Keywords: fertilizer, productivity, rice genotypes, rice ratoon
Aktivitas Antioksidan Lactobacillus Rhamnosus FBB Secara in Vitro
Authors: Mubarok Husni , Nocianitri Komang Ayu , Permana I Dewa Gede Mayun
Published: January 2020

Probiotik merupakan organisme hidup yang mampu memberikan efek yang menguntungkan bagi kesehatan inangnya. Lactobacillus rhamnosus yang diisolasi dari feses bayi sehat merupakan bakteri asam laktat (BAL) yang diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai probiotik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari isolat L. rhamnosus FBB secara in vitro. Isolat L. rhamnosus FBB tersebut antara lain:  L. rhamnosus FBB nomor 21, 26, 52, 59, 75, dan 81. Uji konfirmasi menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan isolat L. rhamnosus FBB termasuk bakteri homofermentatif, bakteri gram positif, katalase negatif dan memiliki bentuk morfologi batang berantai. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan mengukur kemampuan penangkapan radikal bebas 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) dengan membandingkan subjek penelitian yakni supernatant, intact cell dan cell lysate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penangkapan radikal bebas pada supernatant, intact cell dan cell lysate masing-masing adalah 39,00-66,71%, 15,76-21,28% dan 4,79-10,86%. L. rhamnosus FBB 75 dan L. rhamnosus FBB 81 menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dibandingkan dengan isolat lainnya. Aktivitas penangkapan  radikal bebas DPPH pada supernatant, intact cell dan cell lysate pada  L. rhamnosus FBB 75 adalah  66,71%, 15,76%, 10,86% dan aktivitas  antioksidan pada L. rhamnosus FBB 81 adalah 66,43%, 21,28% 9,37%. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa L. rhamnosus FBB 75 dan L. rhamnosus FBB 81 merupakan strain yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai probiotik antioksidan.

 

Probiotics are living organisms that can have a beneficial effect on the health of their hosts. Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolated from healthy infant feces is lactic acid bacteria (BAL) that has potential as a probiotic. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of L. rhamnosus FBB bacterial isolates in vitro. Isolates of L. rhamnosus FBB bacteria are: L. rhamnosus FBB number 21, 26, 52, 59, 75, and 81. From the confirmatory test, the overall isolates of L. rhamnosus FBB included homofermentative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, negative catalase and morphological form of chain stems. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the capability of scavenging free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) with comparison of research subjects with supernatant, intact  cell and cell  lysate. The results showed that free radical scavenging activity on supernatant, intact  cell and cell  lysate were 39,00-66,71%, 15,76 - 21,28% and 4,79 - 10,86% respectively. L. rhamnosus FBB 75 and L. rhamnosus FBB 81 showed higher antioxidant activity than other isolates. DPPH free radical scavenging activity on the supernatant, intact cell and cell  lysate in L. rhamnosus FBB 75 was 66,71%, 15,76%, 10,86% and antioxidant activity in L. rhamnosus FBB 81 was 66,43%, 21,28% , 9,37%. The results of this study prove that L. rhamnosus FBB 75 and L. rhamnosus FBB 81 are potential strains to be developed as antioxidant probiotics.
VIBRODIJAGNOSTIKA STANJA ELEKTROMOTORA SA OŠTEĆENIM ROTOROM
Authors: Kraljević Siniša , Zuber Ninoslav , Reljić Dejan
Published: January 2020

Održavanje mašina po stanju, merenje vibracija rotirajućih mašina u cilju određivanja stanja mašine, dijagnostika stanja elektromotornih pogona na bazi merenja vibracija, osnovni pokazatelji oštećenja elektromotornih pogona, eksperiment.
IDENTIFIKACIJA PARAMETARA EKVIVALENTNE ŠEME ASINHRONE MAŠINE METODOM DVA TEST SIGNALA
Authors: Vučković Mladen , Popović Vladimir
Published: January 2020

U radu je prikazana metoda bazirana na injektiranju dva naponska test signala različitih učestanosti tokom self-commissionog procesa asinhronog motora. Za potrebe verifikacije razvijen je Matlab/Simulink model. Rezultati simulacije poređeni su sa stvarnim parametrima motora koji je namenjen za potrebe u okviru električne vuče.
PRIMENA SPRING CLOUD PROGRAMSKOG OKVIRA ZA RAZVOJ MIKROSERVISNIH APLIKACIJA
Authors: Bratić Stefan
Published: January 2020

Prikaz osnovnih prednosti i mana mikroservisne arhitekture, kao i konkretna primena Spring Cloud radne biblioteke uz pomoć Jhipster generatora na konkretnom projektu.
KOORDINACIJA PREKOSTRUJE ZAŠTITE SA INVERZNOM KARAKTERISTIKOM REAGOVANJA U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŽI
Authors: Trifunjagić Viktor
Published: January 2020

Ovaj rad bavi se problemom podešenja relejne zaštite na distributivnom vodu. Korišćene su prekostrujna zaštita sa inverznom karakteristikom reagovanja sa različitim stepenom inverznosti i topljivi osigurači. Zatim je vršena provera koordinacije između zaštita u dve situacije. Prvi slučaj je kada su u mreži samo releji, dok je druga situacija kada je korišćema kombinacija releja i topljivih osigurača. Na kraju je izvršena provera koordinacije u realnim mrežama.
SISTEM ZA UPRAVLJANJE BEZBIJEDNOŠĆU RAČUNARSKIH RESURSA
Authors: Lazarević Nevena
Published: January 2020

U radu je izložena implementacija sistema za upravljanje bezbijednošću računarskih resursa organizacije. Detaljno su objašnjeni model i implemen­tacija sistema. Dodatno, ukazano je na svrhu sistema i navedene su funkcionalnosti koje pruža sistem.
NAPREDNA KONTROLA PRISTUPA U PAMETNIM MREŽAMA
Authors: Erić Dragan
Published: January 2020

Proširenje osnovne kontrole pristupa zasnovane na korisničkim ulogama (engl. Role Based Access Control - RBAC) entitetom AOR-a (engl. Area of Responsibility), uz implementaciju servisa za prikupljanje i upravljanje događajima i alarmima u pametnim mrežama.
IZBOR ELEKTRIČNIH MOTORA ZA POGON ELEKTRIČNIH VOZILA
Authors: Vorkapić Miloš , Katić Vladimir
Published: January 2020

U ovom radu je obrađena tema izbora elktričnih motora koji su najpogodniji za pogon vozila, obzirom da se sve više modela proizvodi i sa elekričnom varijantom pogona. Deo rada se odnosi na konstrukciju i način rada električnog vozila, razlike i prednosti u odnosu na konvencionalna vozila kao i konstrukciju električnog motora sa parametrima koji ga karakterišu. Na kraju rada predstavljena je simulacija u Matlabu za potrebe prezentacije izgleda signala odziva električnog motora na zahteve gradske vožnje.
CONNECTOR ANDROID APLIKACIJA
Authors: Pudić Darian , Teodorović Predrag Djordje
Published: January 2020

U ovom članku predstavljena je društveno-poslovna softverska platforma Connector. Ova platforma omogućava brzo i jednostavno umrežavanje korisnika u cilju razmene informacija i podataka.
РЕАКТИВНО ПРОГРАМИРАЊЕ У ПРОГРАМСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ ЈАВА
Authors: Лулеџија Зоран
Published: January 2020

У раду је дат преглед парадигме реактивног програмирања у програмском језику Јава, као и анализа одзивности веб апликација развијених на стандардан и реактиван начин. Анализа одзивности је обухватила утицај два фактора, број истовремених HTTP захтева упућених према веб апликацијама, као и трајање обраде захтева код позиваног веб сервиса.
ANALIZA BEZBEDNOSNIH RIZIKA I MERA ZAŠTITE VEB APLIKACIJA
Authors: Samardžić Bojana
Published: January 2020

U radu je opisan problem bezbednosti veb orijentisanih informacionih sistema. Radi demonstra­cije načina na koje je moguće ugraditi sigurnosne meha­nizme u softversko rešenje, razvijena je aplikacija za ku­povinu i prodaju dostupnih artikala iz ponude. Realizo­vano rešenje oslanja se na radni okvir Spring i MySQL relacionu bazu podataka.