bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CUTANEOUS LICHEN PLANUS - UNEXPECTED MALIGNANT DEGENERATION
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., EL Boukili Hafsa , Elloudi Sara ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Douhi Zakia ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Soughi Meryem ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Baybay Hanane ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Zahra Mernissi Fatima ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.
Published: February 2024

Carcinoma occurring in the cutaneous lesions of Lichen Planus (LP) though rarely mentioned in literature does occur and should be kept in mind while treating such lesions. We report a 70-year-old women who developed an SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) in a long-standing lesion of hypertrophic LP on the lower leg. This observation is being presented to indicate the possibility of malignant transformation of cutaneous lichen planus to carcinoma, and suggest more regular monitoring especially in the hypertrophic forms and the need to have an early diagnosis so that it can be treated in the initial stages.
Conservação e reutilização de ar comprimido em reservatório de látex
Authors: Sousa João Carlos de , Alves Robert Duraes , Santos Fábio Nascimento Palácio dos , Teixeira Josias , Domingues Luiz Carlos , Primo Wilamy Bezerra , Rosa Ferreira André
Published: February 2024

A intenção desse estudo foi a de demonstrar o comportamento de um circuito pneumático utilizando-se de um reservatório de látex para recepção e armazenamento de ar com o objetivo de comprovar seu funcionamento e eficiência energética de forma que o ar de um dos pistões utilizados não fosse expelido para a atmosfera durante a operação e sim coletado e armazenado para que, posteriormente e ainda durante a operação do sistema, fosse reaproveitado. No resultado concluiu-se que com o uso do reservatório de látex foi possível reaproveitar o ar no acionamento de um dos atuadores, permitindo então, que um menor volume de ar fosse demandado para seu funcionamento se comparado a um sistema sem tal implementação, processo considerado incomum na indústria em geral, com isto, podendo ser implantado na prática para atender os anseios de sustentabilidade e eficiência energética tendo como resultado também  a redução de custo de energia.
DOMÍNIO LINGUÍSTICO E SISTEMAS SOCIAIS MULTIESPÉCIES
Authors: Vianna Beto
Published: February 2024

Os linguistas sempre debateram a ontologia da diversidade linguística humana, se é o produto superficial de uma capacidade biológica ou psicológica comum, ou se é inerente às necessidades comunicacionais e experiências socioculturais da nossa espécie. Em ambos os casos, privilegia-se o código linguístico como locus de investigação, um modelo em que a linguagem é gerada por uma fisiologia ou uma cognição humanas, separando o linguístico (fatores internos ao código) do não linguístico (fatores externos, sociais, psicológicos, ambientais). No caminho explicativo da Biologia do Conhecer, o comportamento guia as mudanças estruturais, e não o inverso. A linhagem humana se constitui na deriva histórica (evolutiva e ontogênica) das coordenações de ações, um domínio linguístico comportamental em que se conserva o fenótipo ontogênico humano. Esse outro modo de ver a relação entre comportamento e fisiologia nos permite considerar historicamente não só o estabelecimento de domínios linguísticos, mas a formação dos sistemas sociais, humanos ou não, incluindo coderivas ontogênicas, que envolvem as relações entre humanos e outros organismos, em socialidades multiespécies.
PODE HAVER INCLUSÃO TÉCNICA E SOCIAL ATRAVÉS DAS MIXED MARTIAL ARTS?
Authors: Lopes Ricardo Cortez
Published: February 2024

As artes marciais mistas (em inglês, MMA) nascem da mistura, do desejo de romper as barreiras entre as artes marciais, que já eram tradicionalmente estabelecidas até o momento da criação desta modalidade. Assim, o MMA pretende promover uma mistura destas em um estilo próprio. Partindo dessa premissa, cabe um questionamento: essa origem híbrida permite que haja a inclusão de atletas de alto rendimento com diferentes perfis corporais? Isso é aplicável para indivíduos com deficiência (PcD) e indivíduos com depressão? O objetivo é responder a essa problemática de pesquisa observando duas manifestações empíricas: a inclusão técnica através da prática de alguns atletas e a inclusão pelo reconhecimento social. Na primeira frente de dados, foram investigados 3 casos:  Nick Newell, Rose Namajunas e Matt Hammil, atletas de alto rendimento e que já discutiram publicamente suas características, acessando suas experiências por via de entrevistas concedidas a sites com bastante relevância; já na segunda frente há uma investigação através do estudo de comentários de internautas, postadas em notícias na internet relacionadas aos sujeitos dos três casos, selecionados por via de saturação. A análise agiu por indicadores, encontrando os conceitos construídos pelo corpus de maneira espontânea. Nossa conclusão é que a inclusão técnica acontece, mas que o reconhecimento social é condicionado à construção de uma narrativa de superação pessoal.
REPRESENTATIVIDADE E EMPODERAMENTO COM PERSONAGENS NEGROS NA LITERATURA E NO CINEMA
Authors: Braga Aline de Oliveira , Fonseca Mirna Juliana Santos , Machado Carla Silva
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma atividade elaborada a partir do projeto pedagógico de uma creche da rede pública de ensino municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Referenciado pela Lei nº 10.639, que trata do ensino da história e cultura afro-brasileira, pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil, pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (nº 9.394/1996) e pelo Referencial Curricular Nacional para Educação Infantil, foi proposto o trabalho com livros e o filme Kiriku e a feiticeira. As façanhas do pequeno herói negro trouxeram representatividade ao espaço escolar, colorindo a creche e a comunidade escolar com cores que não estão presentes na maior parte dos filmes e livros a que as crianças têm acesso. A partir desses desdobramentos, reflete-se sobre a importância da representatividade de personagens negros na literatura e no cinema direcionados às crianças como forma de garantir o empoderamento delas desde o primeiro contato com o mundo das letras e imagens. Para isso, apresenta-se uma discussão que trata do conceito de representação nos dispositivos culturais, como a literatura e o cinema, destacando como identidades são construídas de modos fragmentados sob o espelho do branco. Como resultados da observação da atividade, destaca-se como a literatura e o cinema na escola podem levantar de maneira singular questões ainda pouco tratadas e urgentes para a construção de uma sociedade menos injusta e desigual.
New Analogues of the Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitor
FK866 as Potential Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Agents
Authors: Conforti Irene , Benzi Andrea , Caffa Irene , Bruzzone Santina , Nencioni Alessio , Marra Alberto
Published: February 2024

Background:

During the past two decades, many nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
(NAMPT) inhibitors were prepared and tested because this enzyme is overexpressed in pancreatic
cancer. Although FK866 is a well-known, strong NAMPT inhibitor, it suffers severe drawbacks.

Objective:

Our work aimed to synthesize efficient NAMPT inhibitors featuring better pharmacokinetic
properties than the pyridine-containing FK866. To this aim, the new anticancer agents were
based on benzene, pyridazine, or benzothiazole moieties as a cap group instead of the pyridine unit
found in FK866 and other NAMPT inhibitors.

Methods:

The new compounds, prepared exploiting standard heterocycle chemistry and coupling
reactions (e.g., formation of amides, ureas, and cyanoguanidines, copper-mediated azide-alkyne
cycloaddition), have been fully characterized using NMR and HRMS analyses. Their activity has
been evaluated using cytotoxicity and intracellular NAD depletion assays in the human pancreatic
cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2.

Results:

Among the 14 products obtained, compound 28, bearing a pyridazine unit as the cap group
and a thiophene moiety as the tail group, showed 6.7 nanomolar inhibition activity in the intracellular
NAD depletion assay and 43 nanomolar inhibition in the MiaPaCa-2 cells cytotoxicity assay,
comparable to that observed for FK866.

Conclusion:

The positive results observed for some newly synthesized molecules, particularly
those carrying a thiophene unit as a tail group, indicate that they could act as in vivo anti-pancreatic
cancer agents.
Sia-m7G: Predicting m7G Sites through the Siamese Neural Network with an Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zheng Jia , Zhou Yetong
Published: February 2024

Background:

The chemical modification of RNA plays a crucial role in many biological
processes. N7-methylguanosine (m7G), being one of the most important epigenetic modifications,
plays an important role in gene expression, processing metabolism, and protein synthesis. Detecting
the exact location of m7G sites in the transcriptome is key to understanding their relevant mechanism
in gene expression. On the basis of experimentally validated data, several machine learning or
deep learning tools have been designed to identify internal m7G sites and have shown advantages
over traditional experimental methods in terms of speed, cost-effectiveness and robustness.

Aims:

In this study, we aim to develop a computational model to help predict the exact location of
m7G sites in humans.

Objective:

Simple and advanced encoding methods and deep learning networks are designed to
achieve excellent m7G prediction efficiently.

Methods:

Three types of feature extractions and six classification algorithms were tested to identify
m7G sites. Our final model, named Sia-m7G, adopts one-hot encoding and a delicate Siamese neural
network with an attention mechanism. In addition, multiple 10-fold cross-validation tests were
conducted to evaluate our predictor.

Results:

Sia-m7G achieved the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy on 10-fold crossvalidation
tests compared with the other six m7G predictors. Nucleotide preference and model visualization
analyses were conducted to strengthen the interpretability of Sia-m7G and provide a further
understanding of m7G site fragments in genomic sequences.

Conclusion:

Sia-m7G has significant advantages over other classifiers and predictors, which proves
the superiority of the Siamese neural network algorithm in identifying m7G sites.
A Systematic Narrative Review on ADIPOQ Gene Variants and its
Association with T2DM in the Indian Population
Authors: Khan Mohammad Danish , Srivastava Rohit Kumar , Upadhyay Tarun Kumar , Khan Mohammad Mustufa
Published: February 2024

Background:

The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing in India, even among
young adult individuals. Rare adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) variants may be predominantly present
in Indians and decrease the circulatory levels of APN (Adiponectin). Studies reported that
ADIPOQ gene variants were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications
in the Indian population.

Objectives:

To review the association of specific ADIPOQ gene variants with T2DM and its
associated complications

Materials & Methods:

A search of Pubmed, Chinhal, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science databases,
and Google Scholar search engine was performed to retrieve articles by using the following
keywords; “ADIPOQ and T2DM”, “ADIPOQ and India,” “ADIPOQ gene variants and
T2DM”, “ADIPOQ gene variants and T2DM and India”, “SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and T2DM”,
“SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and India,” SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and T2DM and India”. Eligibility
criteria for the inclusion of articles: Original, Case-Control Study, and Full-Text articles were
published in the English language till the end of April 2023.

Results:

A total of 540 articles were retrieved. Out of this, only 18 articles were found suitable
to include in this systematic narrative review. The most studied ADIPOQ gene variants were
found to be +10211T/G (rs17846866), +45T/G (rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299) in
different Indian populations.

Conclusion:

It was reviewed that ADIPOQ gene variants +10211T/G (rs17846866), +45T/G
(rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299) were predominantly present in the Indian population,
and decreasing the circulatory levels of APN and significantly associated with T2DM and its
complications.
A Review on Nanocarrier-based Polyherbal Drug Delivery Systems for
Wound Healing
Authors: Rastogi Vaibhav , Porwal Mayur , Aalam Athar
Published: February 2024

Background:

Nanotechnology-based polyherbal drug delivery systems are considered a
new and rapidly emerging area in the pharmaceutical field. They improved the drug loading capacity
or enhanced encapsulation efficiency of herbal drugs and thus improved permeation efficiency, accelerated
wound healing, promoted tissue remodelling, and reduced scarring.

Objective:

A wound on the skin is an injury of the skin tissues that arises due to a cut or damage and
also by an impact, blow, or other forces like a cut, surgery, chemical, heat, cold, friction, or illness
like leg ulcers or carcinomas. These wounds result in the loss of skin's protective function by the
removal of epithelium or connective tissues (i.e., muscle, bone, nerves). The four sequential but
overlapping phases of the typical wound healing process are hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation,
and remodeling. By encouraging the growth and movement of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as well
as angiogenesis at the site of damage, it has been demonstrated that a polyherbal mixture composed
of plant extraction accelerates the lesion recovery process. Polyherbal formulations contain phytoconstituents
such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, and carotenoids etc. All these
phytoconstituents are used for anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, and lesion recovery. At
the same time, nanotechnology-based polyherbal formulation has the potential to overcome the limitations
of traditional polyherbal formulation in wound healing. Wounds are better managed by polyherbal
combination rather than an individual plant due to its synergism and fewer side effects. To
include these polyherbal components and deliver them to the wound site in a more focused and sustained
way, novel drug delivery systems are also being developed.

Conclusion:

This review discussed many nanotechnology-based polyherbal topical formulations for
efficient and faster wound healing and recovery. Nanotechnology-based polyherbal formulations
prove their success in promoting wound healing which is a unique approach to improving wound
care and development of healthy skin.
A Thorough Review of Deep Learning in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Detection: From Data to Diagnosis
Authors: Lamani Manjunath Ramanna , Pernabas Julian Benadit
Published: February 2024

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental
condition with significant heterogeneity in its clinical presentation. Timely and precise
identification of ASD is crucial for effective intervention and assistance. Recent advances in
deep learning techniques have shown promise in enhancing the accuracy of ASD detection.

Objective:

This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of various deep learning
methods employed in detecting ASD, utilizing diverse neuroimaging modalities. We analyze a
range of studies that use resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI), structural
MRI (sMRI), task-based fMRI (tfMRI), and electroencephalography (EEG). This paper
aims to assess the effectiveness of these techniques based on criteria such as accuracy, sensitivity,
specificity, and computational efficiency.

Methods:

We systematically review studies investigating ASD detection using deep learning
across different neuroimaging modalities. These studies utilize various preprocessing tools, atlases,
feature extraction techniques, and classification algorithms. The performance metrics of
interest include accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1-score, recall, and area under the
curve (AUC).

Results:

The review covers a wide range of studies, each with its own dataset and methodology.
Notable findings include a study employing rsfMRI data from ABIDE that achieved an accuracy
of 80% using LeNet. Another study using rsfMRI data from ABIDE-II achieved an impressive
accuracy of 95.4% with the ASGCN deep learning model. Studies utilizing different
modalities, such as EEG and sMRI, also reported high accuracies ranging from 74% to 95%.

Conclusion:

Deep learning-based approaches for ASD detection have demonstrated significant
potential across multiple neuroimaging modalities. These methods offer a more objective and
data-driven approach to diagnosis, potentially reducing the subjectivity associated with clinical
evaluations. However, challenges remain, including the need for larger and more diverse datasets,
model interpretability, and clinical validation. The field of deep learning in ASD diagnosis
continues to evolve, holding promise for early and accurate identification of individuals
with ASD, which is crucial for timely intervention and support.
The interest rate pass-through by loan size: Evidence for Mexico, 2011-2019
Authors: Cotler Pablo , Carrillo Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

This paper measures the impact of changes in the central bank's reference rate on bank lending rates at both the aggregate level and by loan size. Our data come from the payroll and personal loan markets in Mexico for the period comprising 2011 to 2019. We use an autoregressive model with distributed lags, which allows for the possibility of asymmetric effects. The results show, among other findings, that the pass-through is small; it is not necessarily positive; asymmetric behaviour cannot be ruled out; and, its value depends on the loan size. These results imply that the effectiveness of monetary policy is weakened, in addition to the fact that the reaction of banks to changes in the target interest rate may have distributional implications. The originality of the paper lies in the grouping of interest rates by loan size and the use of a methodology that allows us to assess the existence of asymmetries. Its main shortcoming is the lack of data regarding the characteristics of the borrowers.
Prevention of cocoa moniliasis using Progressive Web Applications and sensor data in the province of Francisco de Orellana
Authors: Romero Darwin , Oña Pilar , Aguilar Pedro , Chango Wilson
Published: February 2024

Ecuador is an essential cocoa producer recognized for its quality and aroma. Additionally, it holds a prominent position among the country's traditional export products, making it the third-largest cocoa-producing country in the world. However, the cocoa industry faces challenges due to moniliasis, a fungal disease that affects cocoa trees and causes damage to the fruits, resulting in decreased production. This research aims to prevent cocoa moniliasis by conducting tests with different algorithms to select the best one for predicting moniliasis using sensor data in the progressive web application. Various supervised learning algorithms were applied, including PCA, IPCA, KPCA, Linear Regression, Sci-Kit Learning, and ensemble methods like Bagging and Boosting. Google's Lighthouse is utilized for artifact validation. It is concluded that the Boosting ensemble method with a value of 1.0 and 4 estimators is the algorithm that shows a good fit for prediction. In artifact validation, it yields favorable results with a score of over 90 in various Lighthouse parameters.

Keywords: Moniliasis 1; Progressive Web Application 2; PCA 3; IPCA 4; KPCA 5; Linear Regression 6; Bagging 7; Boosting 8; Lighthouse 9
Analysis of energy poverty in Andean rural households and design of an
efficient cooking solution using biomass
Authors: Silva-Castelo Wladimir A , Córdova-Uvidia Rafael , Ordoñez-Echeverria Ángel , Aquino-Arroba Miguel
Published: February 2024

This work explores energy poverty in the rural households surrounding
the Chimborazo Faunal Production Reserve (RPFCH) and proposes an efficient
cooking solution using firewood. Energy poverty was evaluated through the
multidimensional poverty index (MEPI), including the 10% rule, hidden energy
poverty, disproportionate expenses, and a subjective analysis of housing
conditions. The research found ten households experiencing moderate energy
poverty with a MEPI of 0,1562. An efficient cooking solution was proposed as
an improved rocket stove design with an ignition system and forced air at
the combustion chamber inlet. This stove utilizes a solar panel and
batteries to power the fan. Its thermal efficiency is 13%, including Peltier
cells to convert residual heat into DC electricity. The rocket stove's
heating capacity is 1,6 kW, which is sufficient for heating a small room and
cooking meals. After implementation, a follow-up energy poverty analysis
using the same indicators is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of
the proposed solution and its impact on reducing energy poverty. Keywords:
energy poverty; rocket stove; thermal efficiency; room heating; Peltier
cell; photovoltaic energy.
Biological nematicides as an alternative for control of Meloidogyne
incognita populations in yellow pitahaya (Sselenicereus
megalanthus).
Authors: Vargas Yadira , Pico Jimmy , Manobanda Neiver , Garcia Angel , Sanmiguel Jessica
Published: February 2024

Yellow pitahaya in the Ecuadorian Amazon has become one of the most
important economic crops in the region. However, the presence of pests
(nematodes) in the soil has caused up to 100% of the crop's growth stages to
be affected. Faced with this problem, growers use various chemical
nematicides that minimize this impact but cause contamination problems. For
this reason, the objective of the research was to evaluate microorganisms
that control or reduce the population of Meloidogyne incognita in the
pitahaya crop at the greenhouse level. The design was DBCA, and the
statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package Infostat
2017, using linear mixed models and Fisher's tests at 5%. The results show
that root nodules decrease when P. lilacinum + T. asperellum is applied
after nematode injection (261). In addition, the lowest number of
nodulations (251) was obtained when microorganisms were applied after
nematode inoculation (251 nodulations). Still, when microorganisms were used
before, aerial biomass growth was stimulated (384.17 g) even when nematodes
were present in the root system. Keywords: microorganisms; nematodes;
pitahaya.
Fighting moniliasis in Orellana with sensors and PWA for sustainable
agriculture
Authors: Urquizo Jessica , Jiménez Mirtha , Aguilar Pedro , Chango Wilson
Published: February 2024

The primary objective of this research was to enhance cocoa production
and quality in tropical countries, such as Latin America and Africa, where
cocoa cultivation plays a pivotal role in the economy of rural communities.
The primary challenge addressed in this study was moniliasis, a fungal
disease that affects cocoa fruits and leads to a significant decline in crop
production and quality. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to tackle
this issue, combining sensors, MongoDB Compass databases, Progressive Web
Applications (PWAs), and predictive models. A research methodology
incorporating predictive analysis techniques, particularly the logistic
regression method, was utilized to achieve early detection and efficient
management of moniliasis. Data collection instruments included sensors
monitoring vital environmental factors like humidity and temperature
alongside MongoDB Compass databases for storing and managing the gathered
data. Furthermore, a PWA was developed for real-time data collection and
analysis. The results of implementing this sensor-based tool in cocoa
cultivation were highly effective. Early detection of moniliasis allowed for
more precise preventive and corrective measures, resulting in a significant
improvement in cocoa production and quality. These results were
substantiated with concrete data demonstrating the tool's efficacy.
Keywords. Data Prediction: Models and Applications; Efficient MongoDB
Database Management; High-Quality Cocoa; Moniliasis: Treatment and
Prevention; Progressive Web Apps (PWA): User Experience.
Description of the primary Loreto-coca river contamination through the measurement of physicochemical parameters
Authors: Allauca P Jose , Lopez P Carlos , Daza Jennyfer , Chamba Joyce
Published: February 2024

The main objective of this article is to describe the pollution in the main Loreto-Coca rivers using physicochemical parameters. Our analysis is focused on the Orellana province and examines the Suno, Napo, Coca, and Payamino rivers, which are adversely impacted by oil and mining activities. These activities result in toxic and chemical residues, such as heavy metals and other contaminants. Samples were collected following the INEN 2176 standard to do this. We could evaluate parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients (nitrates, phosphates), heavy metals, and COD using laboratory equipment and specific techniques and methods. The level of pollution was determined by comparing these results with permissible limits. Therefore, based on the comparative results obtained, environmental education is crucial for raising awareness about the importance of protecting and conserving water as a vital resource. Conducting these studies provides essential information for taking preventive and corrective measures and monitoring and addressing identified issues to safeguard public health and the environment.
Keywords: pollution, water, rivers, sample, standard, physicochemical parameters.
The Perception of Health Professions Educators in Using Immersive Virtual Reality (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Tak Wing , Rowe Michael , Frantz Jose
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has ushered in innovative educational tools such as VR, transforming teaching and learning practices, notably in health professional education. Despite initial resistance to the shift towards e-learning, it has become a crucial part of global education, prompting efforts such as the U.S. National Education Technology Plan to effectively harness these technological advancements. VR's immersion and interactivity offer significant learning enhancements while posing challenges like cost, accessibility, and information overload.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore educator perspectives on using VR in educational settings.

METHODS

The study uses multiple descriptive case studies to describe an intervention or phenomenon and the real-life context in which it occurred. In the case studies, semi-structured interviews were used.

RESULTS

articipants appreciated VR's immersive and interactive nature, noting its potential to make abstract concepts tangible and enhance engagement, particularly in healthcare education for risk-free clinical education. However, issues related to physical discomfort (cybersickness), high cost, and accessibility were identified as potential impediments to widespread VR adoption, raising concerns about equity. Participants also highlighted the risk of information overload, underscoring the importance of careful instructional design. Further, the study underscores the necessity of aligning VR use with curriculum and pedagogical objectives, with a cautious approach to avoid adopting VR solely for its novelty.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that while VR has transformative potential in education, its effective integration requires thoughtful planning to address challenges and ensure alignment with learning objectives.
Drug use behaviors and the risk of HIV infection among drug users: evidence from China (Preprint)
Authors: Lv Jiaqi , Jia Yangfan , Yan Chunhui , Zhang Xingliang , Xu Ke , Xu Junfang
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Drug users (DUs) are considered one of the high-risk groups for HIV infection and play a crucial role in the transmission of HIV.

OBJECTIVE

Under the emerging of new drugs, we aim to explore the drug using behaviors currently, HIV infections and the correlation between drug using behaviors and HIV infection risk among drug users between 2014 and 2021.

METHODS

Our data was collected from sentinel surveillance of drug users in rehabilitation centers and communities in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2021, which included sociodemographic characteristics, HIV awareness, drug using, risky sexual behavior and HIV infection status. Multivariate logistic regression method was used to identify the influencing factors of HIV infection and risky sexual behaviors among drug users.

RESULTS

In total, 5623 drug users were incorporated in the data analysis, with males accounting for 84.19%, the average age was (38.38±9.94) years old. New drugs dominated the participants (65.34%). The main mode of drug use was non-injection(84.58%). Among the participants, 27.45% injected drugs in the last month before the investigation with the average injection frequency was 3.10±8.24. Meanwhile, 3.43% of participants shared needles with others. The incidence of having sexual behaviors after drug use was 33.13%, and 35.75% of them using condom every time. From 2014 to 2021, 105 out of 5623 participants were tested positive for HIV antibodies, with an infection rate of 1.87%. New type of drug users have a higher sexual behavior incidence than traditional drug users(OR=4.109, 95%CI:3.457-4.885,P<0.001). Compared with non injecting drug users, injecting drug users (OR=0.292, 95% CI: 0.209-0.407,P<0.001) have a lower sexual behavior incidence. Those who shared needles have a higher risk of engaging in sexual behavior (OR=4.568, 95% CI:1.666-12.527, P=0.0032). Drug users with higher HIV awareness were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior(OR=6.905, 95%CI:5.881-8.106, P<0.001). Use of new type of drugs(OR=6.314, 95%CI=2.794-14.271, P<0.001), having sexual behaviors in the last month after druging(OR=0.582, 95%CI=0.316-0.885, P=0.0153), without condom using in the last month after druging(OR=0.287, 95%CI=0.132-0.624, P=0.0016) and HIV related knowledge(OR=2.785, 95%CI=1.333-5.817, P=0.0064) were significantly associated with HIV infection.

CONCLUSIONS

New type of drugs and non-injection were main pattern in last eight years, but injecting drug users had a relatively higher injection frequency. Using new type of drugs was associated with increased risk of HIV infection compared with the traditional drugs. HIV awareness among drug users was high, but the incidence of risky sexual behavior was also still high with the low condoms use. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote the behavioral transformation of high-risk populations from cognition to attitude, and then to taking protective measures.
Experiences With mHealth Use Among Patient-Caregiver Dyads With Chronic Heart Failure: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jin Xiaorong , Zhang Yimei , Zhou Min , Zhang Xiong , Mei Qian , Bai Yangjuan , Wei Wei , Ma Fang
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Chronic heart failure has become a serious threat to the health of the global population, and self-management is key to treating chronic heart failure. The emergence of mobile health (mHealth) provides new ideas for the self-management of chronic heart failure in which the informal caregiver plays an important role. Current research has mainly studied the experiences with using mHealth among patients with chronic heart failure from the perspective of individual patients, and there is a lack of research from the dichotomous perspective.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences with mHealth use among patients with chronic heart failure and their informal caregivers from a dichotomous perspective.

METHODS

This descriptive phenomenological study from a post-positivist perspective used a dyadic interview method, and face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with patients with chronic heart failure and their informal caregivers. Data were collected and managed using NVivo 12 software, and data analysis used thematic analysis to identify and interpret participants’ experiences and perspectives. The thematic analysis included familiarizing ourselves with the data, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and producing the report.

RESULTS

A total of 14 dyads of patients with chronic heart failure and their informal caregivers (13 men and 15 women) participated in this study, including 3 couples and 11 parent-child pairs. We constructed 4 key themes and their subthemes related to the experiences with mHealth use: (1) opposing experiences with mHealth as human interaction or trauma (great experience with mHealth use; trauma), (2) supplement instead of replacement (it is useful but better as a reference; offline is unavoidable sometimes), (3) both agreement and disagreement over who should be the adopter of mHealth (achieving consensus regarding who should adopt mHealth; conflict occurs when considering patients as the adopter of mHealth), (4) for better mHealth (applying mHealth with caution; suggestions for improved mHealth).

CONCLUSIONS

This study reported that the experiences with mHealth use among patients with chronic heart failure and their informal caregivers were mixed, and it highlighted the human touch of mHealth and the importance of network security. These results featured mHealth as a complement to offline hospitals rather than a replacement. In the context of modern or changing Chinese culture, we encourage patients to use mHealth by themselves and their informal caregivers to provide help when necessary. In addition, we need to use mHealth carefully, and future mHealth designs should focus more on ease of use and be oriented more toward older adults.
Assessing the Proficiency of Large Language Models on Funduscopic Disease Knowledge (Preprint)
Authors: Shao Yi , Wu Jun-Yi , Zeng Yan-Mei , Qian Xian-Zhe , Hong Qi , Hu Jin-Yu , Wei Hong , Zou Jie , Chen Cheng , Wang Xiao-Yu , Chen Xu
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the field of natural language processing, with cutting-edge models like ChatGPT currently leading the way in medical AI.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the performance of five distinct LLMs (GPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, PaLM2, Claude 2, and SenseNova) in comparison to two human cohorts (a group of funduscopic disease experts and a group of ophthalmologists) on the specialized subject of funduscopic disease.

METHODS

Five distinct LLMs and two distinct human groups independently completed a 100-item funduscopic disease test. The performance of these entities was assessed by comparing their average scores, response stability, and answer confidence, thereby establishing a basis for evaluation.

RESULTS

Among all the LLMs, GPT-4 and PaLM2 exhibited the most substantial average correlation. Additionally, GPT-4 achieved the highest average score and demonstrated the utmost confidence during the exam. In comparison to human cohorts, GPT-4 exhibited comparable performance to ophthalmologists, albeit falling short of the expertise demonstrated by funduscopic disease specialists.

CONCLUSIONS

The study provided evidence of the exceptional performance of GPT-4 in the domain of funduscopic disease. With continued enhancements, validated LLMs have the potential to yield unforeseen advantages in enhancing healthcare for both patients and physicians.
Therapies for Catching Schizophrenia during the Onset and Later Stages of the Illness
Authors: - Anon
Published: February 2024

None
The Knowledge and Practice of Staff Nurses Regarding Nursing Care for Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Sharma Manish Kumar , Upadhyay Jay Kumar , Katare Karishma
Published: February 2024

The Knowledge and Practice of Staff Nurses Regarding Nursing Care for Myocardial Infarction Patients
Implementation of 64-Bit RISC Processor Using Vedic Multiplier
Authors: Sai Thulasi Venkata , Vinay Sunku , Tharun Reddyvari , Reddy Vidyalavaru Subhash , Kumar Sadhu Vinay , Priya G. Padma
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In this project, 64 bit RISC processor designed with Vedic multiplier design. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) is a design which presents better performances, higher speed of operation and favors the smaller and simpler set of instructions. In addition to multiplier which is implemented using vedic mathematics we are also proposing an adder which is mux- based full adders for building higher bit adders in an area and speed efficient which is implemented in addition as well as for compression in vedic mathematic to obtain the output. A 64 bit RISC processor designed in this paper is capable of executing more number of instructions with simple design, using the Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and the design is simulated in the Xilinx Vivado 2018.3. The main achievement in this work is that the multiplier unit in Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and Multiplier and Accumulator (MAC) is implemented using Vedic Sutras. The main principle used in Vedic mathematics is to reduce the typical calculation of conventional mathematics to very simple one and hence reduce the overall computational complexity. Vedic Multiplier design is based on “Urdhva Triyakbhyam” which is among the 16 Vedic Sutras and MUX-Based Full Adders The proposed RISC processor is very simple and capable of executing 14 instructions. The achievement in this work is that savings in power in case of MAC and ALU is achieved compared to conventional ALU and MAC respectively. Also the delay is reduced in MAC and ALU in comparison with conventional ALU and MAC correspondingly. These Vedic MAC and ALU are then integrated with other blocks in processor and 64-bit Vedic processor is developed. This reduces the delay and saves area compared to conventional processor. Hence the improvement in speed of operation, and less area utilization are the key features of designed RISC processor.
Interactive Arabic E-Learning for Prospective Students Studying in the Middle East
Authors: Musonif Mohammad Zaelani , Mahliatussikah Hanik , Kholisin Kholisin
Published: February 2024

This research aimed to investigate the indicators in the analysis of needs for the development of Arabic language e-learning. The research was important as it served as the foundation for aspects that would be developed in the subsequent Research and Development phases. The research employed a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. Data was collected through observation techniques, survey questionnaires, and literature review. The analysis results were aimed at determining the percentage values of each indicator and categorizing them based on these percentages. The findings of the needs analysis research indicated that there were six aspects that needed to be developed in the Markaz Arabiyah e-learning, namely usage guidelines for E-learning, self-learning materials, practice exercises, university selection exam simulations, information about universities in the Middle East, and discussion access.
Implementation of Arabic Online Learning at Post-Pandemic of Covid 19
Authors: Aceng Rahmat  , Mohammad Sarip  , Khambali Khambali , Mohammed Alghali Khalil Yusuf
Published: February 2024

Entering the 21st century, education is using technology massively in learning activities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, so online learning is born with a variety of models and platforms. Online learning is generally divided into two categories: MOOCs (massive open online courses) and LMSs (learning management systems). This study aimed to show how online learning is built and how it can be implemented into different learning models. The study used descriptive qualitative research aimed at revealing the phenomenon of the preparation and implementation of online Arabic learning post-COVID-19 pandemic, based on data obtained from various literature and observations. The results revealed that in order to build and implement online Arabic language learning, the first research was carried out in the form of RPS and textbooks in PDF and/or video formats so that the material could be integrated into the online platform, and then the implementation of online learning could be in different models, whether blended, hybrid, or flipped, depending on the learning model structured in the planning document.
Cyberbullying and Prevention
Authors: Hardova T. , Barkasi D.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Internet addiction increased unnaturally after the Covid-19 pandemic due to the development of the global situation where online teaching became the preference. This was not only true in Slovakia, but around the world. Bullying happens in every school, and it goes hand in hand with cyberbullying. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate them with prevention. Research aim and objectives: In our research, we approached 158 second grade pupils from two primary schools. The aim of the research was to identify whether girls or boys spend more time on the Internet, how often they are online, whether they have encountered cyberbullying, and what kind of cyberbullying prevention has been implemented in elementary schools. Methods: In our research, we gathered information in the form of a self-constructed questionnaire. Results: Through our analysis we came to the conclusion that girls spend more time in the online space (53.16%) compared to boys. The occurrence of cyberbullying has increased in the recent period, which was also confirmed by 56.96% of respondents. The specific situations that we had the opportunity to encounter were solved by the primary school itself with the help of experts. Cyberbullying prevention alone is insufficient in primary schools, but it would be advisable to repeat it more often in order to eliminate bullying. Conclusion: Cyberbullying in primary schools is increasing with the development of information and communication technology. It is advisable to begin addressing the issue of the increased occurrence of cyberbullying at an earlier age and increase prevention. It is also advisable to increase media literacy in Slovakia.
Occurrence of Arterial Hypertension in Patients with sleep Apnoea Syndrome
Authors: Mucska M. , Vyskoc A. , Dostalova K. , Moricova S.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) is a serious under-diagnosed chronic disease, which often coincides with arterial hypertension (AH). The U.S. Joint National Committee considers SAS to be the most common cause of secondary arterial hypertension. Objective: To determine the incidence of arterial hypertension in patients diagnosed with SAS in an accredited sleep laboratory (ASL) in Bratislava in the years 2013-2022. Methods: The monitored group consisted of 688 patients examined in an ASL in Bratislava who underwent an initial examination (anamnesis, anthropometry, sleep questionnaire) and a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing (nocturnal polysomnography) in order to confirm or refute the diagnosis of OSAS. Data collection also took place by using a copy of the patients’ medical records (presence of AH). We used Microsoft Excel and statistical software SPSS, version 21.0 to process the obtained data. We considered the result to be statistically significant if p ≤ 0.05. Results: We demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the incidence of AH in patients with SAS compared to patients without SAS, i.e., there was a statistically significantly higher incidence of AH in patients with SAS compared to patients without SAS (39% vs. 17.5%; OR=3.0; p<0.001). We also demonstrated that the higher the AHI value in patients with SAS, the higher the incidence of AH (p=0.002; 95% CI 1.4 – 4.4). In addition, there was a 1.9 times higher risk of developing AH in patients with a moderate degree of SAS compared to patients with a mild degree of SAS (p=0.014) and up to a 2.8 times higher risk of developing AH in patients with a severe degree of SAS compared to patients with moderate SAS (p<0.001) regardless of BMI. Conclusion: Due to the high coincidence (1/3) of arterial hypertension and sleep apnoea syndrome in the monitored group, it is necessary to focus on effective screening of SAS in high-risk persons as well as effective screening of SAS in persons with present AH.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE THEORY OF “LANGUAGE AND PERSONALITY”
Authors: Tarasov E. F.
Published: February 2024

The article dwells upon the deterministic dependences of language and personality within the framework of the triangulation approach. The article analyzes the theory of personality in symbolic interactionism and the theory of personality of A.N. Leontiev, as well as the lifestyle theory in the Russian sociology. The author develops methodological prerequisites for the theory of “language and personality”.
IS SPACE-TIME REALLY DOOMED?
Authors: Woit P.
Published: February 2024

For many years now it has become conventional for theorists to argue that “space-time is doomed”, with the difficulties in finding a quantum theory of gravity implying the necessity of basing a fundamental theory on something quite different than usual notions of space-time geometry. But what is this space-time geometry that is doomed? In this essay we’ll explore how our understanding of four-dimensional geometry has evolved since Einstein, leading to new ideas about such geometry which may not be doomed at all.
Pre-selección de criterios para la toma de decisiones en la implementación de ajustes razonables enfocados a discapacidades físicas
Authors: Carranza Murillo Laura Patricia , Tovar Perilla Nelson Javier , Garzón Edwin Dorance , Sánchez Echeverri Luz Adriana , Lara Masmela Tito , Acosta Rodríguez John Alexander
Published: February 2024

This research corresponds to the project's first phase "Health and Safety at Work in the Context of Disability", which aims to design a decision support tool for implementing reasonable accommodation. The tool seeks to improve the independence, well-being, performance, and quality of life of employees with physical disabilities while reducing reprocessing and undue burden on the company by addressing the differences between reasonable accommodation identified by the employer and the perceived needs of employees with disabilities. This document presents the preliminary criteria and sub-criteria, which will be validated in a second phase by a panel of experts for final incorporation into the decision support tool.
Immunohistochemical evidences of anticancer actions of metformin with other repurposed drug combinations and correlation with hamster fibrosarcoma tumor size
Authors: Popovic Jovan , Popovic Dusica , Popovic Kosta , Miljkovic Dejan , Lalosevic Dusan , Dolicanin Zana , Capo Ivan
Published: February 2024

The aim was to detect and correlate anticancer effects of metformin in combinations with other repurposed drugs, already registered for other indications, which may be immediately applied and clinically investigated in oncology, reducing the time and cost of research for new cancer treatments. Immunohistochemistry was performed for tumors treated by dual drug combinations containing metformin with deoxycholic acid, caffeine, itraconazole, nitroglycerin, disulfiram or diclofenac. The drugs were applied in Syrian golden hamsters (6 animals per group) with the inoculated BHK21/C13 fibrosarcoma in doses equivalent to usual human doses, <50 % LD50. The anticancer effects were assessed by: p53 (mutational status); Ki-67 and PCNA (tumor proliferation); CD34 and CD31 (neoangiogenesis); GLUT1 (glucose metabolism); iNOS (NO metabolism); COX4, Cytochrome C and caspase 3 (apoptosis); immunohistochemical markers. Also, biophysical characteristics of fibrosarcoma, animal blood samples and the toxicity on main organs were analyzed. Treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mutational status, tumor proliferation, neoangiogenesis, glucose metabolism, NO metabolism and modulated apoptosis, in correlation with tumor size, without toxicity and influence on biochemical blood and hematological tests. The administration of metformin in two-drug combination with deoxycholic acid, caffeine, itraconazole, nitroglycerin, disulfiram or diclofenac may be recommended for further clinical investigations in oncology.