bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brine residues and organics in the Urvara basin on Ceres
Authors: Nathues A. , Hoffmann M. , Schmedemann N. , Sarkar R. , Thangjam G. , Mengel K. , Hernandez J. , Hiesinger H. , Pasckert J. H.
Published: February 2022

Ceres is a partially differentiated dwarf planet, as confirmed by NASA’s Dawn mission. The Urvara basin (diameter ~170 km) is its third-largest impact feature, enabling insights into the cerean crust. Urvara’s geology and mineralogy suggest a potential brine layer at the crust-mantle transition. Here we report new findings that help in understanding the structure and composition of the cerean crust. These results were derived by using the highest-resolution Framing Camera images acquired by Dawn at Ceres. Unexpectedly, we found meter-scale concentrated exposures of bright material (salts) along the crater’s upper central ridge, which originate from an enormous depth, possibly from a deep-seated brine or salt reservoir. An extended resurfacing modified the southern floor ~100 Myr after crater formation (~250 Myr), long after the dissipation of the impact-generated heat. In this resurfaced area, one floor scarp shows a granular flow pattern of bright material, showing spectra consistent with the presence of organic material, the first such finding on Ceres beyond the vast Ernutet area. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that Ceres is and has been a geologically active world even in recent epochs, with salts and organic-rich material playing a major role in its evolution.
Melt stripping and agglutination of pyroclasts during the explosive eruption of low viscosity magmas
Authors: Jones Thomas J. , Russell James K. , Brown Richard J. , Hollendonner Lea
Published: February 2022

Volcanism on Earth and on other planets and satellites is dominated by the eruption of low viscosity magmas. During explosive eruption, high melt temperatures and the inherent low viscosity of the fluidal pyroclasts allow for substantial post-fragmentation modification during transport obscuring the record of primary, magmatic fragmentation processes. Here, we show these syn-eruption modifications, in the form of melt stripping and agglutination, to be advantageous for providing fundamental insights into lava fountain and jet dynamics, including eruption velocities, grain size distributions and melt physical properties. We show how enigmatic, complex pyroclasts termed pelletal lapilli form by a two-stage process operating above the magmatic fragmentation surface. Melt stripping from pyroclast surfaces creates a spray of fine melt droplets whilst sustained transport in the fountain allows for agglutination and droplet scavenging, thereby coarsening the grain size distribution. We conclude with a set of universal regime diagrams, applicable for all fluidal fountain products, that link fundamental physical processes to eruption conditions and melt physical properties.
The enhanced beam sweeping algorithm for DOA estimation in the hybrid analog-digital structure with nested array
Authors: Ye Shujun , Liu Guanhao , Zhou Yan , Dang Bo
Published: February 2022

As an emerging technology, the hybrid analog-digital structure has been considered for use in future millimeter-wave communications. Although this structure can reduce the hardware cost and power consumption considerably, the spatial covariance matrix (SCM), as the core of subspace-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, cannot be obtained directly. Previously, the beam sweeping algorithm (BSA) has been found effective for reconstructing the spatial covariance matrix and realizing DOA estimation by forming the beams to difference directions. However, it is computationally intractable owing to the high-dimensional matrix operation. To address this problem and improve the DOA estimation performance, this paper applies the nested array to the hybrid analog-digital structure and proposes the enhanced BSA (EBSA) for DOA estimation. By deleting a large number of redundant elements exist in the SCM to be reconstructed, the computational cost can be considerably reduced. Also, the nested array can offer high degrees of freedom. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to verify the performance of EBSA. The results indicate that the proposed EBSA is better than the state-of-the-art method in terms of estimation accuracy and computational cost.
Strain modulating electronic band gaps and SQ efficiencies of semiconductor 2D PdQ2 (Q = S, Se) monolayer
Authors: Raval Dhara , Gupta Sanjeev K. , Gajjar P. N. , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: February 2022

We studied the physical, electronic transport and optical properties of a unique pentagonal PdQ2 (Q = S, Se) monolayers. The dynamic stability of 2Dwrinkle like-PdQ2 is proven by positive phonon frequencies in the phonon dispersion curve. The optimized structural parameters of wrinkled pentagonal PdQ2 are in good agreement with the available experimental results. The ultimate tensile strength (UTHS) was calculated and found that, penta-PdS2 monolayer can withstand up to 16% (18%) strain along x (y) direction with 3.44 GPa (3.43 GPa). While, penta-PdSe2 monolayer can withstand up to 17% (19%) strain along x (y) dirrection with 3.46 GPa (3.40 GPa). It is found that, the penta-PdQ2 monolayers has the semiconducting behavior with indirect band gap of 0.94 and 1.26 eV for 2D-PdS2 and 2D-PdSe2, respectively. More interestingly, at room temperacture, the hole mobilty (electron mobility) obtained for 2D-PdS2 and PdSe2 are 67.43 (258.06) cm2 V−1 s−1 and 1518.81 (442.49) cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. In addition, I-V characteristics of PdSe2 monolayer show strong negative differential conductance (NDC) region near the 3.57 V. The Shockly-Queisser (SQ) effeciency prameters of PdQ2 monolayers are also explored and the highest SQ efficeinciy obtained for PdS2 is 33.93% at −5% strain and for PdSe2 is 33.94% at −2% strain. The penta-PdQ2 exhibits high optical absorption intensity in the UV region, up to 4.04 × 105 (for PdS2) and 5.28 × 105 (for PdSe2), which is suitable for applications in optoelectronic devices. Thus, the ultrathin PdQ2 monolayers could be potential material for next-generation solar-cell applications and high performance nanodevices.
Maternal salinity influences anatomical parameters, pectin content, biochemical and genetic modifications of two Salicornia europaea populations under salt stress
Authors: Cárdenas-Pérez S. , Niedojadło K. , Mierek‐Adamska A. , Dąbrowska G. B. , Piernik A.
Published: February 2022

Salicornia europaea is among the most salt-tolerant of plants, and is widely distributed in non-tropical regions. Here, we investigated whether maternal habitats can influence different responses in physiology and anatomy depending on environmental conditions. We studied the influence of maternal habitat on S. europaea cell anatomy, pectin content, biochemical and enzymatic modifications under six different salinity treatments of a natural-high-saline habitat (~ 1000 mM) (Ciechocinek [Cie]) and an anthropogenic-lower-saline habitat (~ 550 mM) (Inowrocław [Inw]). The Inw population showed the highest cell area and roundness of stem water storing cells at high salinity and had the maximum proline, carotenoid, protein, catalase activity within salt treatments, and a maximum high and low methyl esterified homogalacturonan content. The Cie population had the highest hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase activity along with the salinity gradient. Gene expression analysis of SeSOS1 and SeNHX1 evidenced the differences between the studied populations and suggested the important role of Na+ sequestration into the vacuoles. Our results suggest that the higher salt tolerance of Inw may be derived from a less stressed maternal salinity that provides a better adaptive plasticity of S. europaea. Thus, the influence of the maternal environment may provide physiological and anatomical modifications of local populations.
Bayesian-based decipherment of in-depth information in bacterial chemical sensing beyond pleasant/unpleasant responses
Authors: Tanaka Hiroto , Kazuta Yasuaki , Naruse Yasushi , Tominari Yukihiro , Umehara Hiroaki , Sowa Yoshiyuki , Sagawa Takashi , Oiwa Kazuhiro , Okada Masato , Kawagishi Ikuro , Kojima Hiroaki
Published: February 2022

Chemical sensing is vital to the survival of all organisms. Bacterial chemotaxis is conducted by multiple receptors that sense chemicals to regulate a single signalling system controlling the transition between the direction (clockwise vs. counterclockwise) of flagellar rotation. Such an integrated system seems better suited to judge chemicals as either favourable or unfavourable, but not for identification purposes though differences in their affinities to the receptors may cause difference in response strength. Here, an experimental setup was developed to monitor behaviours of multiple cells stimulated simultaneously as well as a statistical framework based on Bayesian inferences. Although responses of individual cells varied substantially, ensemble averaging of the time courses seemed characteristic to attractant species, indicating we can extract information of input chemical species from responses of the bacterium. Furthermore, two similar, but distinct, beverages elicited attractant responses of cells with profiles distinguishable with the Bayesian procedure. These results provide a basis for novel bio-inspired sensors that could be used with other cell types to sense wider ranges of chemicals.
Functional buffering via cell-specific gene expression promotes tissue homeostasis and cancer robustness
Authors: Lin Hao-Kuen , Cheng Jen-Hao , Wu Chia-Chou , Hsieh Feng-Shu , Dunlap Carolyn , Chen Sheng-hong
Published: February 2022

Functional buffering that ensures biological robustness is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, organismal survival, and evolution of novelty. However, the mechanism underlying functional buffering, particularly in multicellular organisms, remains largely elusive. Here, we proposed that functional buffering can be mediated via expression of buffering genes in specific cells and tissues, by which we named Cell-specific Expression-BUffering (CEBU). We developed an inference index (C-score) for CEBU by computing C-scores across 684 human cell lines using genome-wide CRISPR screens and transcriptomic RNA-seq. We report that C-score-identified putative buffering gene pairs are enriched for members of the same duplicated gene family, pathway, and protein complex. Furthermore, CEBU is especially prevalent in tissues of low regenerative capacity (e.g., bone and neuronal tissues) and is weakest in highly regenerative blood cells, linking functional buffering to tissue regeneration. Clinically, the buffering capacity enabled by CEBU can help predict patient survival for multiple cancers. Our results suggest CEBU as a potential buffering mechanism contributing to tissue homeostasis and cancer robustness in humans.
An enhanced triple fluorescence flow-cytometry-based assay shows differential activation of the Notch signaling pathway by human papillomavirus E6 proteins
Authors: Lim JiaWen , Straub Elke , Stubenrauch Frank , Iftner Thomas , Schindler Michael , Simon Claudia
Published: February 2022

Human papillomaviruses are DNA tumor viruses. A persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the necessary risk factor for the development of anogenital carcinoma. The E6 protein is a viral oncoprotein that directly interacts with different cellular regulatory proteins mainly affecting the cell cycle, cellular differentiation and polarization of epithelial cells. In dependency of the phylogenetic classification of HPV different interaction partners of E6 have been described. The Notch pathway seems to be one common target of HPV, which can be up or down regulated by different E6 proteins. Our novel triple fluorescence flow-cytometry-based assay allows a semi-quantitative comparison of the E6 proteins´ effect on the Notch pathway using a Notch-responsive reporter plasmid. As a result, all E6 proteins of beta-HPV repressed the Notch reporter expression, of which HPV38 E6 showed the greatest repression potential. In contrast, alpha-HPV E6 of HPV16, activates the reporter expression most significantly, whereas E6 of HPV31 and low-risk HPV6b showed significant activation only in a p53-null cell line. Interestingly, HPV18 E6, with the second highest carcinogenic risk, shows no effect. This high divergence within different genus of HPV is important for targeting the Notch pathway regarding a potential HPV therapy.
Raised SPINK1 levels play a role in angiogenesis and the transendothelial migration of ALL cells
Authors: Luo Dong , Liu Dongqiang , Rao Chunbao , Shi Shanshan , Zeng Xiaomei , Liu Sha , Jiang Hua , Liu Lishi , Zhang Zhenhong , Lu Xiaomei
Published: February 2022

The present study was designed to assess whether raised Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) expressions modulates angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to SPINK1 were noted to exhibit raised expressions of interleukin-8 (IL-8) as well as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 cell adhesion molecules in a dose-dependent manner. In co-culture system of HUVECs and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, SPINK1 exposure also resulted in enhanced endothelial cell motility and ALL cells trans-endothelial migration. High concentrations of SPINK1 caused in vitro cellular reorganization into tubes in Matrigel-cultured HUVECs and induced in vivo vascularization and brain infiltration of NOD/SCID ALL model mice. The further transcriptomic analysis indicated that SPINK1 treatment altered several biological processes of endothelial cells and led to activation of the MAPK pathway. This study is the first to determine the neovascularization effects of raised SPINK1.
Patient-specific 3D-printed shelf implant for the treatment of hip dysplasia tested in an experimental animal pilot in canines
Authors: Willemsen Koen , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Sakkers Ralph J. B. , Castelein René M. , Beukers Martijn , Seevinck Peter R. , Weinans Harrie , van der Wal Bart C. H. , Meij Björn P.
Published: February 2022

The concept of a novel patient-specific 3D-printed shelf implant should be evaluated in a relevant large animal model with hip dysplasia. Therefore, three dogs with radiographic bilateral hip dysplasia and a positive subluxation test underwent unilateral acetabular augmentation with a 3D-printed dog-specific titanium implant. The contralateral side served as control. The implants were designed on CT-based pelvic bone segmentations and extended the dysplastic acetabular rim to increase the weight bearing surface without impairing the range of motion. Outcome was assessed by clinical observation, manual subluxation testing, radiography, CT, and gait analysis from 6 weeks preoperatively until termination at 26 weeks postoperatively. Thereafter, all hip joints underwent histopathological examination. The implantation and recovery from surgery was uneventful. Clinical subluxation tests at the intervention side became negative. Imaging showed medialization of the femoral head at the intervention side and the mean (range) CE-angle increased from 94° (84°–99°) preoperative to 119° (117°–120°) postoperative. Gait analysis parameters returned to pre-operative levels after an average follow-up of 6 weeks. Histology showed a thickened synovial capsule between the implant and the femoral head without any evidence of additional damage to the articular cartilage compared to the control side. The surgical implantation of the 3D shelf was safe and feasible. The patient-specific 3D-printed shelf implants restored the femoral head coverage and stability of dysplastic hips without complications. The presented approach holds promise to treat residual hip dysplasia justifying future veterinary clinical trials to establish clinical effectiveness in a larger cohort to prepare for translation to human clinic.
AI-assisted reliability assessment for gravure offset printing system
Authors: Gafurov Anton Nailevich , Phung Thanh Huy , Kim Inyoung , Lee Taik-Min
Published: February 2022

In printed electronics, flawless printing quality is crucial for electronic device fabrication. While printing defects may reduce the performance or even cause a failure in the electronic device, there is a challenge in quality evaluation using conventional computer vision tools for printing defect recognition. This study proposed the computer vision approach based on artificial intelligence (AI) and deep convolutional neural networks. First, the data set with printed line images was collected and labeled. Second, the overall printing quality classification model was trained and evaluated using the Grad-CAM visualization technique. Third and last, the pretrained object detection model YOLOv3 was fine-tuned for local printing defect detection. Before fine-tuning, ground truth bounding boxes were analyzed, and anchor box sizes were chosen using the k-means clustering algorithm. The overall printing quality and local defect detection AI models were integrated with the roll-based gravure offset system. This AI approach is also expected to complement more accurate printing reliability analysis firmly.
Modeling of novel processes for eliminating sidestreams impacts on full-scale sewage treatment plant using GPS-X7
Authors: Faris Ahmed M. , Zwain Haider M. , Hosseinzadeh Majid , Siadatmousavi Seyed Mostafa
Published: February 2022

The novel process consisted of two steps was established by combining all sidestreams lines (supernatant gravity thickener, underflow mechanical thickener, and centrate), treating them together away from the mainstream treatment plant, and returning treated sidestreams effluents to the plant outfall instead of plant head. The two steps novelty treatment combined degradation, nitrification, and dilution processes. To treat combined sidestreams, a novel pilot extended nutrient moving bed biofilm reactor was developed. The effects of sidestream elimination on a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic system were simulated using GPS-X7. The statistical results of R values greater than 0.8 and NMSE values near zero proved the calibrated model’s validation. The novel system successfully removed 98, 93, 100, 85, 98, 100, and 98% of BOD, COD, NH4, NO3, TSS, H2S, and PO4-P from sidestreams, respectively. Furthermore, the simulation results showed that eliminating sidestreams has reduced volumes of full-scale A2/O facilities, controlled hydraulic and pollutants shocks, and minimized cost and energy. The novel process proved successful in treating combined sidestreams and eliminating their impacts on the A/O2 system.
Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of scrub typhus in Yunnan Province from 2006 to 2017
Authors: Peng Pei-Ying , Xu Lei , Wang Gu-Xian , He Wen-Yuan , Yan Ting-Liang , Guo Xian-Guo
Published: February 2022

Scrub typhus is an acute infectious disease in humans. A temporal, spatial and epidemiologic study was conducted to understand the characteristics of scrub typhus in Yunnan, to assist public health prevention and control measures. Based on the data on all cases reported in Yunnan during 2006–2017, we characterized the epidemiological features. Spatio-temporal patterns and Q-type cluster method were adopted to analyze the incidence of scrub typhus in Yunnan. In total, 27,838 scrub typhus cases were reported in Yunnan during 2006–2017. Of these, 49.53% (13,787) were male and 50.47% (14,051) were female (P > 0.05). Most patients were farmers (71.70%) (P < 0.05) and children aged 0–5 years (13.16%) (P < 0.01), which accounted for 84.86% of the total cases. An almost 20-fold increase in the number of patients was observed in 2017 (6,337 cases) compared to 2006 (307 cases). Baoshan and Lincang had the most cases accounting for 41.94%, while Diqing had the lowest incidence (only 3 cases). Sixteen municipalities infected were classified into three groups numbered in sequence. The incidence of scrub typhus in Yunnan is high and the annual incidence increased noticeably over time. Our results also indicate that surveillance and public education need to be focused on Baoshan, Lincang and Dehong.
Development of anticancer peptides with low hemolysis, high penetrating membrane activity, certain analgesic activity and the synergistic anticancer effect
Authors: Huo Yehong , Ma Linhao , Zhang Mengzhi , Niu Mingcong , Gu Xiulian , Zhang Wenjie , Yan Miaomiao , Wei Guangcheng
Published: February 2022

Amphiphilic cationic anticancer lipopeptide P10 self-assembles into spherical aggregates, which are used as drug carriers to play a synergistic anticancer role, and its anticancer mechanism is presented.
Surface enrichment promotes the decomposition of benzene from air
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang Zhijian , Wei Xuhui , Huang Xiang , Bai Shuli , Chen Jiazang
Published: February 2022

Doping TiO2 with copper can strengthen the absorption of benzene and facilitate the generation of hydroxyl radicals. It can photocatalytically remove very low concentrations of gaseous benzene (4 mg m−3) in air, even at a flow rate of 100 L min−1.
Self-limiting nitrogen/hydrogen plasma radical chemistry in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of cobalt
Authors: Liu Ji , Lu Hongliang , Zhang David Wei , Nolan Michael
Published: February 2022

Surface NHxspecies are removed completely on Co(001) surface, but they are incorporated on Co(100) surface with forming Co–N bonds.
Iron oxide nanoparticles as a drug carrier reduce host immunosuppression for enhanced chemotherapy
Authors: Zhou Benqing , Liu Jinxing , Wang Lu , Wang Meng , Zhao Chong , Lin Haoyu , Liang Yuanke , Towner Rheal A. , Chen Wei R.
Published: February 2022

BSA-bioinspired iron oxide nanoparticles as a nanocarrier to load anticancer drug mitoxantrone for enhanced chemotherapy with low levels of immunosuppression.
Pinch-off from a foam droplet in a Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Tani Marie , Kurita Rei
Published: February 2022

Placing some foam on a vertical surface is a ubiquitous situation, which sometimes leads to the liquid pinching-off from the bottom of the foam.
An erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged biomimetic nanoplatform for enhanced chemo-photothermal therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Li Jia-Qian , Zhao Rui-Xin , Yang Feng-Mei , Qi Xia-Ting , Ye Peng-Kun , Xie Meng
Published: February 2022

Nano drug delivery systems are a research hotspot in the field of tumor therapy.
Modulating TTA efficiency through control of high energy triplet states
Authors: Carrod Andrew J. , Cravcenco Alexei , Ye Chen , Börjesson Karl
Published: February 2022

It is shown here that positional isomerism of perylene substitution affects high energy triplet states differently. This in turn influences the quantum efficiency of triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion.
Ultrathin g-PAN/PANI-encapsulated Cu nanoparticles decorated on SrTiO3 with high stability as an efficient photocatalyst for the H2 evolution and degradation of 4-nitrophenol under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Sun Nan , Zhang Yong , Li Xinru , Jing Yuhan , Zhang Zhengdong , Gao Yu , Liu Jianqi , Tan Honglin , Cai Xiaoming , Cai Jinming
Published: February 2022

Ultrathin PANI-doped g-PAN not only serves as the encapsulating agent to protect Cu from oxygen attack, but it also improves the efficiency of electron–hole separation, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency.
Pyrazine functionalization to boost the antenna effect in rare-earth metal–organic frameworks for tetracycline detection
Authors: Wu Kun , Liu Xin-Yi , Huang Yong-Liang , Xie Mo , Xiong Xiao , Zheng Ji , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: February 2022

A generalizable strategy for the synthesis of rare-earth metal–organic frameworks (RE-MOFs) with 12-connected RE9 clusters and shp topology. Pyrazine functionalization to boost antenna effect, realizing a robust platform for tetracyclines detection.
White-emitting film of diblock copolymer micelles with perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Lee Kyunghyeon , Kim Joon Young , Sohn Byeong-Hyeok
Published: February 2022

A white-emitting film is produced by stacking films in three primary colors of diblock copolymer micelles containing perovskite nanocrystals without the support of other kinds of emissive materials.
Serious Games and Gamification: Game-Based Learning in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Brackenbury Tim , Kopf Lisa
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Serious games and gamification are evidence-based forms of game-based learning that facilitate student/client instruction. Serious games are activities that directly incorporate educational content into games; gamification integrates characteristics of games into nongame activities. They both promote learning by increasing students' motivation and engagement. The purpose of this tutorial is to facilitate readers' understanding and use of serious games and gamification in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) education, in both classroom and clinical settings. It includes models of motivation and engagement, research on serious games and gamification, in-depth examples from two CSD courses, and suggestions for implementation.

Conclusions:

Multiple studies, including meta-analyses, have demonstrated significant positive effects of both serious games and gamification on student motivation, engagement, and learning. Self-determination theory is a useful model for developing serious games and gamified learning because it provides a complex understanding of learners' needs and multiple levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Suggestions for incorporating serious games and gamified learning in CSD contexts include designing activities that address and balance motivation and learning, targeting specific forms of motivation in meaningful ways, and reconsidering intrinsic motivation as the ultimate goal of learning.
A novel two‐stage Dissolved Gas Analysis fault diagnosis system based semi‐supervised learning
Authors: Tan Xuemin , Guo Chao , Wang Ke , Wan Fu
Published: February 2022

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is an important method for oil‐immersed transformer fault diagnosis. However, collecting labelled DGA data is difficult because the determination of the transformer fault is time‐consuming and expensive in the transformer substation, but DGA data without labels is easier to obtain. Therefore, the paper proposed a semi‐supervised two‐stage diagnostic system based DGA by using less labelled samples. The two‐stage system includes a novel semi‐supervised feature selection based Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model (SSL‐FS‐GASVM) for selecting optimal features and a novel semi‐supervised transformer fault diagnosis model based improved Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) and SVM (SSL‐IAFSA‐SVM) for optimising the SVM parameter. Finally, the performances of SSL‐FS‐GASVM and SSL‐IAFSA‐SVM models are tested and compared with traditional supervised diagnostic models combined with other optimisation methods, respectively. The results show that the proposed two‐stage system works in optimising features and parameters and has strong robustness in solving small sample classification problems.
Perceptual redundancy model for compression of screen content videos
Authors: Li Junlin , Yu Li , Wang Hongkui
Published: February 2022

Screen content video (SCV) consists primarily of text areas, computer graphics and other computer‐generated content and possesses unique perceptual characteristics. To compress SCVs more effectively with less reduction in subjective quality, perceptual characteristics of SCVs are analyzed and a perceptual redundancy (PR) model for SCV compression is proposed, including spatial PR (SPR), temporal PR (TPR) and foveated PR (FPR) model. In SPR modeling, the SCV is divided into sharp edge (SE) areas and non‐SE areas, then SPR is estimated separately. In TPR modeling, both inter‐frame luminance adaptation effect and motion masking effect are taken into account. In FPR modeling, each frame of SCV is classified into abrupt frames, relative motion frames or static frames. Then fixation points of different kinds of frames are predicted using different methods, and FPR is modeled considering foveated masking effect and visual attention. Finally, the perceptual redundancy of SCV is estimated based on the product of SPR, TPR and FPR. It is experimentally demonstrated that compared to the state‐of‐the‐art models, the authors' model could obtain more accurate estimates of PR. Moreover, the model is incorporated into SCV compression with an adaptive perceptual quantizer. An average of 7.42% bits could be saved with less decline in subjective quality.
Star formation in two irradiated globules around Cygnus OB2
Authors: Comerón F. , Schneider N. , Djupvik A. A.
Published: February 2022

Context. The ultraviolet irradiation and the action of stellar winds of newly formed massive stars on their parental molecular environment often produces isolated or small clouds, some of which become sites of star formation themselves.

Aims. We investigate the young stellar populations associated with DR 18 and ECX 6-21, which are two isolated globules irradiated by the O-type stars of the Cygnus OB2 association. Both are HII regions containing obvious tracers of recent and ongoing star formation. We also study smaller isolated molecular structures in their surroundings.

Methods. We combined near-infrared broad- and narrow-band imaging with broad-band imaging in the visible and with archive images obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We used the joint photometry to select young stellar objects (YSOs), simultaneously estimating their intrinsic properties and classifying them according to the characteristics of their infrared excess. We also present low-resolution visible spectroscopy of selected sources.

Results. We reproduce previous findings of an extended population of YSOs around both globules, dominated by the more evolved classes, associated with the general Cygnus OB2 population. Both globules contain their own embedded populations, with a higher fraction of the less-evolved classes. Masses and temperatures are estimated under the assumption of a common age of 1 Myr, which has been found to appropriately represent the general Cygnus OB2 YSO population but is most probably an overestimate for both globules, especially ECX 6-21. The early-B star responsible for the erosion of DR 18 is found to be part of a small aggregate of intermediate-mass stars still embedded in the cloud, which probably contains a second site of recent star formation, also with intermediate-mass stars. We confirm the two main star forming sites embedded in ECX 6-21 described in previous works, with the southern site being more evolved than the northern site. We also discuss the small globule ECX 6-21-W (=G79.8 + 1.2), and propose that its non thermal radio spectrum is due to synchrotron emission from an embedded jet, whose existence is suggested by our observations.

Conclusions. The extreme youth of some of the YSOs suggests that star formation in both globules started after they became externally irradiated. The populations of both globules are not found to be particularly rich, but they contain stars with estimated masses similar or above that of the Sun in numbers that hint at some differences with respect to the star formation process taking place in more quiescent regions where low-mass stars dominate, which deeper observations may confirm.
Optimal Borel measure controls for the two-dimensional stationary Boussinesq system
Authors: Peralta Gilbert
Published: February 2022

We analyze an optimal control problem for the stationary two-dimensional Boussinesq system with controls taken in the space of regular Borel measures. Such measure-valued controls are known to produce sparse solutions. First-order and second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are established. Following an optimize-then-discretize strategy, the corresponding finite element approximation will be solved by a semi-smooth Newton method initialized by a continuation strategy. The controls are discretized by finite linear combinations of Dirac measures concentrated at the nodes associated with the degrees of freedom for the mini-finite element.
Convergence estimates of a semi-Lagrangian scheme for the ellipsoidal BGK model for polyatomic molecules
Authors: Boscarino Sebastiano , Cho Seung Yeon , Russo Giovanni , Yun Seok-Bae
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose a new semi-Lagrangian scheme for the polyatomic ellipsoidal BGK model. In order to avoid time step restrictions coming from convection term and small Knudsen number, we combine a semi-Lagrangian approach for the convection term with an implicit treatment for the relaxation term. We show how to explicitly solve the implicit step, thus obtaining an efficient and stable scheme for any Knudsen number. We also derive an explicit error estimate on the convergence of the proposed scheme for every fixed value of the Knudsen number.
A comparative assessment of the morphology ofProfilicollis altmani(Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) from crustaceans and shore birds in Peru, with special notes on hook elemental analysis (EDXA), SEM imaging, histopathology, and molecular profile
Authors: Amin Omar M. , Rodríguez Sara M. , Rubtsova Nataliya , Heckmann Richard A. , Peña César , Castro Teresa , Rivera Felipe , D’Elía Guillermo
Published: February 2022

The morphology of cystacanths and adults ofProfilicollis altmani(Perry, 1942) Van Cleave, 1947 (Polymorphidae) were studied from the Pacific mole crabEmerita analoga(Stimpson) (Crustacea, Hippidae) and Belcher’s gullLarus belcheri(Vigors) (Aves, Laridae), respectively, in Peru. Comparative morphometrics with accounts of other populations ofP. altmanifrom elsewhere off the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North and South America revealed marked intraspecific population variations. We report scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of new features, not before noted or captured in line drawings by earlier observers. We further present microscope images that reveal internal details not previously reported or possible to see with SEM. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) revealed unusual patterns in the chemistry of proboscis hooks especially the high sulfur and diminished phosphorous and calcium in hook tips and low sulfur and high levels of phosphorous and calcium at mid hooks. The size and shape of all hooks of the cystacanths are reported for the first time. Histopathological studies inL. belcherifrom Peru are also included. Cystacanths ofP. altmanifrom California were also analyzed for molecular patterns and compared with other sequences reported from other locations. The molecular data and the analysis of our new sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) showed that haplotypes ofP. altmanihad low genetic variation; the species is not geographically structured, and within its clade no monophyletic group is formed.
Combined procedures with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: High risk of stiffness but promising concept in selected indications
Authors: Derreveaux Vianney , Schmidt Axel , Shatrov Jobe , Sappey-Marinier Elliot , Batailler Cécile , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has traditionally been contraindicated in the presence of an ACL deficient knee, bi-compartmental disease, or significant coronal deformity due to concerns regarding increased risk of persisted pain, knee instability, tibial loosening, or progression of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing UKA with an associated surgical procedure in these specific indications. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing UKA between December 2015 and October 2020. Patients were categorized into groups based on associated procedures: UKA + ACL, UKA + HTO, and bicompartmental arthroplasty. Outcomes were assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS) knee and function scores and the Forgotten Joint Score. Radiological and complication analysis was performed at the last clinical follow-up. Results: Thirty-two patients (13 men and 19 women) were included. The mean age was 56.2 years ± 11.1 (range, 33–84) with a mean follow-up of 26.3 months ± 15 (7.3–61.1). There was a significant improvement between the pre-and postoperative KSS Knee (+34.3 ± 16.5 [12–69]), Function (+34.3 ± 18.6 [0–75]), and Total scores (+68.5 ± 29.4 [24–129]) (p = 0.001). Seven patients (21.8%) required an arthroscopic arthrolysis for persistent stiffness. Two patients (UKA + PFA and UKA + ACL) underwent revision to TKA. Patient satisfaction was 90%, and mean flexion at last follow-up was 122° ± 6 (120–140). The implant survival rate was 94%. Discussion: This study found performing UKA with an additional procedure to address relative contraindications to the arthroplasty in physically active patients with monocompartmental knee arthritis is an efficient strategy with good results at short-term follow-up. It should be reserved for patients where TKA is likely to have unsatisfactory results, and the patient has been fully counseled regarding the management options. Even if there is a high rate of complications with stiffness requiring a re-intervention, the final results are very satisfying with no impact of the reintervention on the clinical result in the short term.
State-of-the-Art Mini Review: Dual-Pathway Inhibition to Reduce Arterial and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Goldin Mark , Koulas Ioannis , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Spyropoulos Alex C.
Published: February 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thromboembolism (ATE) are linked by the common mechanism of thrombin generation. Historically these entities have been treated as separate pathophysiologic processes requiring different treatments: VTE, as the formation of fibrin-/coagulation-factor-derived thrombus in low-flow vasculature, requiring anticoagulants; versus ATE, as largely platelet-derived thrombus in high-flow vasculature, requiring antiplatelet agents. Observational studies have elucidated shared risk factors and comorbidities predisposing individuals with VTE to ATE, and vice versa, and have bolstered the strategy of dual-pathway inhibition (DPI)—the combination of low-dose anticoagulants with antiplatelet agents—to reduce thrombotic outcomes on both sides of the vasculature. Randomized clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of such regimens—mostly rivaroxaban and aspirin—in high-risk groups of patients, including those with recent acute or chronic coronary syndrome, as well as those with peripheral artery disease with or without revascularization. Studies of extended VTE prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients have also contributed to the evidence evaluating DPI. The totality of available data supports the concept that DPI can reduce major and fatal thromboembolic outcomes, including stroke, myocardial infarction, VTE, and cardiovascular death in key patient cohorts, with acceptable risk of bleeding. Further data are needed to refine which patients derive the best net clinical benefit from such an approach. At the same time, other novel agents such as contact pathway inhibitors that reduce thrombin generation without affecting hemostasis—and thus maximize safety—should be assessed in appropriate populations.
Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes of Angled Screw Channel Implant Prostheses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rasaie Vanya , Abduo Jaafar , Falahchai Mehran
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory outcomes of angled screw channel (ASC) restorations and to summarize the influencing factors. An electronic search of the English language literature was performed in four databases and enriched by manual searches. Retrieved studies were screened against the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Eight clinical and seven laboratory studies were eligible for the analysis. The risk of bias for included observational studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Laboratory studies quality assessment method was adapted from previous published systematic reviews. Two clinical studies focused on technical outcomes and the rest reported the biological outcomes of the ASC restorations. Out of the seven laboratory studies, two studies investigated the fracture resistance of ASC restorations, four studies evaluated the reverse torque value of the nonaxially tightened screws, and one study evaluated both variables. The present review revealed that while the performance of ASC restorations is promising in short-term clinical studies, the evidence of their long-term reliability is still lacking. The laboratory studies indicated comparable fracture resistance results of the ASC restorations with the straight screw channel restorations. In addition, factors, such as initial torque value, configuration of the screw driver, screw design, abutment system, and the angulation of screw channel, were shown to influence the screw resistance to loosening.
Effect of Various Irrigant Activation Methods and Its Penetration in the Apical Third of Root Canal—In Vitro Study
Authors: S. Delphine Pricilla Antony , Solete Pradeep , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Syed Ather Ahmed , Almahdi Samaher , Alzhrani Mohanad , Maganur Prabhadevi C. , Vishwanathaiah Satish
Published: February 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigant penetration using iohexol dye with four irrigation techniques.

Methodology Single-rooted premolars were recently extracted and preserved in physiological saline solution. All the samples were standardized to 16 mm. Standard endodontic access was prepared using endoaccess bur (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). The initial patency was established using #10 k file (Mani, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan) to the working length. The cleaning and shaping were performed using the file system ProFit S3 in the following sequence: P0 (orifice enlarger), PF1 (yellow), PF2 (red) #25, and PF3 (blue) #30. The samples were randomly allocated in concealed opaque envelopes into four groups. This was performed by a trained dentist. Fifteen samples were allocated to one group. The groups were divided as follows: Group A—conventional needle (CN), Group B—side-vented needle (SVN), Group C—manual dynamic agitation (MDA), and Group D—EndoActivator (EA). The radiopaque dye irrigant agitation/activation was performed by one operator to prevent operator bias. Following irrigation using the different techniques, digital radiographs were taken, and the measurement was taken from the apical foramen to the point where the dye had penetrated apically for each tooth and the data were entered into an Excel sheet for all the four groups.

Results Comparing the four groups, there was a statistically significant difference among the four groups (p < 0.05), thus, favoring the alternate hypothesis. EA had resulted in better penetration of the irrigant compared with the other three groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion It was evident that irrigant penetration was best achieved with the use of an EA followed by MDA, SVNs, and then the CN when the preparation was done till size 30 (PF3 #30) using ProFit S3 rotary file system.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Neurosurgical Resident Training Program: An Early Experience
Authors: Omer Mazin , Al-Afif Shadi , Machetanz Kathrin , Bettag Christoph , Tatagiba Marcos , Rohde Veit , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: February 2022

Background The present study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions during the first lockdown period in spring 2020 on the neurosurgical resident training program, and provides constructive approaches to deal with such situations.

Methods A concurrent embedded mixed methods design was used. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews from all neurosurgical residents at three university hospitals in Germany. Concurrently, quantitative data of the number of performed surgeries, outpatient visits, and the usage of telemedicine in the period from October 2019 to July 2020 were collected and analyzed accordingly.

Results During the period of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in spring 2020, there was a marked reduction in the number of surgeries performed by neurosurgical residents, from an average of 41.26 (median 41) surgeries per month to 25.66 (median 24) per month, representing a decrease of 37.80%. The decrease in the operations was concerning mainly spinal and functional surgery. Outpatient visits were reduced significantly, with a concurrent fivefold increase in the usage of telemedicine. General and pediatric neurosurgery outpatient clinics were the most affected. However, although surgical exposure was reduced during the lockdown phase, neurosurgical residents focused on conducting research and improving theoretical knowledge. Nevertheless, the global uncertainties caused by COVID-19 generated notable psychological stress among some residents.

Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions significantly affected the neurosurgical training program. Innovative solutions need to be developed to increase teaching and research capacities of neurosurgical residents as well as to improve surgical skills by installing surgical skill laboratories or similar constructs.
Lateral Patellar Facetectomy Reduces the Incidence of Anterior Knee Pain in Patellar Resurfaced Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nagashima Masaki , Otani Toshiro , Harato Kengo , Sasaki Ryo , Seki Hiroyuki , Takeshima Kenichiro , Ishii Ken
Published: February 2022

Lateral patellar facet impingement (LPFI) can cause anterior knee pain (AKP) after patellar resurfaced total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Recently, lateral patellar facetectomy (LPF), which has been used for LPFI, has been performed during primary TKA, providing good clinical outcomes. However, the effect of LPF on AKP in primary patellar resurfaced TKA has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of LPF on the development of AKP in patellar resurfaced TKAs with minimum follow-up of 3 years. This retrospective cohort study included 84 knees of 66 consecutive patients who underwent patellar resurfaced TKA between April 2007 and November 2014 in our hospital. The subjects were divided into two groups: TKA with LPF (LPF group; 47 knees) and TKA without LPF (no-LPF group; 37 knees). Postoperative AKP, the primary outcome, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and range of motion were investigated at the final visit and compared between the two groups. Six knees (16.2%) had AKP in the no-LPF group, whereas none of the knees had AKP in the LPF group at the final visit. The incidence of AKP was significantly lower in the LPF group (p = 0.004). The postoperative JOA score and flexion angle were significantly higher in the LPF group than in the no-LPF group. LPF correlated with less incidence of postoperative AKP and improved the JOA score and knee flexion angle. In patellar resurfaced TKA, LPF may be considered an additional maneuver to avoid postoperative AKP.
Modeling magnetic drug delivery inside blood vessels
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: February 2022

Accounting for the impacts of magnetic nanoparticles on blood flow makes models more realistic
Virtual source emission model leads to improved organic thin film transistor
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: February 2022

Better fit to real-world data of organic semiconductor devices finds a managanese interlayer boosts transistor performance.