bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic scale mechanism of β to γ phase transformation in gallium oxide
Authors: Huang Hsien-Lien , Johnson Jared M. , Chae Christopher , Senckowski Alexander , Wong Man Hoi , Hwang Jinwoo
Published: June 2023

We report the detailed mechanism behind the β to γ phase transformation in Sn-doped and Si-implanted Ga2O3 that we determined based on the direct observation of the atomic scale structure using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Quantitative analysis of the STEM images revealed that the high concentration of impurity atoms favored the formation of interstitial–divacancy complexes, which then leads to the secondary relaxation that creates additional interstitial atoms and cation vacancies, resulting in a local structure that closely resembles γ-Ga2O3. We explain the mechanism of how the impurity atoms facilitate the transformation, as well as the detailed sequence of the local γ phase transformation. The findings here offer an insight on how the lattice respond to the external stimuli, such as doping and strain, and transform into different structures, which is important for advancing Ga2O3 but also a variety of low symmetry crystals and oxides with multiple polymorphs.
High performance UV photodetectors based on W doped
δ
-Ta2O5 single crystalline films
Authors: Le Yong , Ma Xiaochen , Xiao Hongdi , Luan Caina , Zhang Biao , Ma Jin
Published: June 2023

Amorphous or polycrystalline tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) films with high resistance have been widely used in semiconductor devices as insulating dielectric layers. In this work, tungsten (W) doped δ-Ta2O5 (0001) monocrystal films were deposited on Y-stabilized ZrO2 (111) substrates using a pulsed laser deposition system. The lattice structure, heteroepitaxial relationship, and electrical properties of the films were analyzed in detail. The carrier concentration, Hall mobility, and resistivity of the 2% W doped δ-Ta2O5 film are 6.61 × 1015 cm−3, 65.2 cm2/V s and 14.5 Ω cm, respectively. High performance metal–semiconductors–metal ultraviolet (UV) detectors based on the W doped δ-Ta2O5 films were fabricated. The UV detector based on a 2% W doped δ-Ta2O5 film exhibits a high photo responsivity of 10.32 A/W and a photocurrent-to-darkcurrent ratio of 1.3 × 104. The performances of the UV detectors in this work are so high, which indicates that the W doped δ-Ta2O5 films can be applied in UV detectors as an active layer.
Basis-set correction based on density-functional theory: Linear-response formalism for excited-state energies
Authors: Traore Diata , Giner Emmanuel , Toulouse Julien
Published: June 2023

The basis-set correction method based on density-functional theory consists in correcting the energy calculated by a wave-function method with a given basis set by a density functional. This basis-set correction density functional incorporates the short-range electron correlation effects missing in the basis set. This results in accelerated basis convergences of ground-state energies to the complete-basis-set limit. In this work, we extend the basis-set correction method to a linear-response formalism for calculating excited-state energies. We give the general linear-response equations as well as the more specific equations for configuration-interaction wave functions. As a proof of concept, we apply this approach to the calculations of excited-state energies in a one-dimensional two-electron model system with harmonic potential and a Dirac-delta electron–electron interaction. The results obtained with full-configuration-interaction wave functions expanded in a basis of Hermite functions and a local-density-approximation basis-set correction functional show that the present approach does not help in accelerating the basis convergence of excitation energies. However, we show that it significantly accelerates basis convergences of excited-state total energies.
HF trimer: 12D fully coupled quantum calculations of HF-stretch excited intramolecular and intermolecular vibrational states using contracted bases of intramolecular and intermolecular eigenstates
Authors: Felker Peter M. , Bačić Zlatko
Published: June 2023

We present the computational methodology, which for the first time allows rigorous twelve-dimensional (12D) quantum calculations of the coupled intramolecular and intermolecular vibrational states of hydrogen-bonded trimers of flexible diatomic molecules. Its starting point is the approach that we introduced recently for fully coupled 9D quantum calculations of the intermolecular vibrational states of noncovalently bound trimers comprised of diatomics treated as rigid. In this paper, it is extended to include the intramolecular stretching coordinates of the three diatomic monomers. The cornerstone of our 12D methodology is the partitioning of the full vibrational Hamiltonian of the trimer into two reduced-dimension Hamiltonians, one in 9D for the intermolecular degrees of freedom (DOFs) and another in 3D for the intramolecular vibrations of the trimer, and a remainder term. These two Hamiltonians are diagonalized separately, and a fraction of their respective 9D and 3D eigenstates is included in the 12D product contracted basis for both the intra- and intermolecular DOFs, in which the matrix of the full 12D vibrational Hamiltonian of the trimer is diagonalized. This methodology is implemented in the 12D quantum calculations of the coupled intra- and intermolecular vibrational states of the hydrogen-bonded HF trimer on an ab initio calculated potential energy surface (PES). The calculations encompass the one- and two-quanta intramolecular HF-stretch excited vibrational states of the trimer and low-energy intermolecular vibrational states in the intramolecular vibrational manifolds of interest. They reveal several interesting manifestations of significant coupling between the intra- and intermolecular vibrational modes of (HF)3. The 12D calculations also show that the frequencies of the v = 1, 2 HF stretching states of the HF trimer are strongly redshifted in comparison to those of the isolated HF monomer. Moreover, the magnitudes of these trimer redshifts are much larger than that of the redshift for the stretching fundamental of the donor-HF moiety in (HF)2, most likely due to the cooperative hydrogen bonding in (HF)3. The agreement between the 12D results and the limited spectroscopic data for the HF trimer, while satisfactory, leaves room for improvement and points to the need for a more accurate PES.
A holistic approach towards a generalizable machine learning predictor of cell penetrating peptides
Authors: Ismail Bahaa , Jones Sarah , Howl John
Published: June 2023

The development of machine learning (ML) predictors does not necessarily require the employment of expansive classifiers and complex feature encoding schemes to achieve the highest accuracy scores. It rather requires data pre-processing, feature optimization, and robust evaluation to ensure consistent results and generalizability. Herein, we describe a multi-stage process to develop a reliable ML predictor of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). We emphasize the challenges of: (i) the generation of representative datasets with all required pre-processing procedures; (ii) comprehensive and exclusive encoding of peptides using their amino acid composition; (iii) obtaining an optimized feature set using a simple classifier (support vector machine, SVM); (iv) ensuring consistent results; and (v) verifying generalizability at the highest achievable accuracy scores. Two peptide sub-spaces were used to generate the negative examples, which are required, along with the known CPPs, to train the classifier. These included: (i) randomly generated peptides with all amino acid types being equally represented and (ii) extracted peptides from receptor proteins. Results indicated that the randomly generated dataset performed perfectly well within its own peptide sub-space, while it poorly generalized to the other sub-space. Conversely, the dataset extracted from receptor proteins, while achieving lower accuracies, showed a perfect generalizability to the other peptide sub-space. We combined the qualities of these two datasets by utilizing the average of their predictions within our ultimate framework. This functional ML predictor, WLVCPP, and associated software and datasets can be downloaded from https://github.com/BahaaIsmail/WLVCPP.
Removal of toxic arsenic(iii) from an old endemic black-foot disease groundwater by oxidative electrosorption
Authors: Chen P.-A. , Peng C.-Y. , Liu S.-H. , Wang H. Paul
Published: June 2023

Environmental context Naturally occurring arsenic was the likely cause of endemic black foot disease in groundwaters in Taiwan, and levels still exceed Taiwan EPA water quality standards. A method for the clean-up of these groundwaters that is both feasible and environmentally friendly is urgently needed. Oxidation of As(III) as H3AsO3 to the less toxic As(V)− and removal of As in groundwater was performed quantitatively by electrosorption using materials derived from agricultural wastes; this shows that this method has the potential to be a novel, green remediation method. Rationale Naturally occurring arsenic in the groundwater caused black-foot disease (BFD) in the 1950s on the southwest seashore of Taiwan. Recently, we found that the concentration of arsenic in groundwater taken from currently sealed wells in areas previously affected by BFD remained higher than the Taiwan (EPA) water quality standard. Although clean tap water is available in that area, removal of arsenic from the groundwater is of great importance to expand possible utilisation. Methodology Removal of arsenic from two old endemic BFD groundwaters with activated carbon (AC) electrodes recycled from agricultural wastes by electrosorption using capacitive deionisation (CDI) processes was studied. A better understanding of arsenic electrochemistry involved in electrosorption was investigated by in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Results Arsenic removal efficiencies (61–93%) remained high across concentrations (5 and 196 mg/L). A high oxidation rate constant (0.93 h−1) for As(III)0 to As(V)− was found, allowing the electrosorption of As(V)− onto the meso- and micro-pores of the AC CDI electrodes with rate constants of 0.021 and 0.0013 h−1, respectively. Removal of arsenic from contaminated groundwater for drinking water was achieved with six CDI reactors in series. Moreover, in the presence of other ions (such as Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), 60–73% of As(III)0 and As(V)− ions were removed from the groundwaters by electrosorption. Discussion We have developed an engineering-feasible method for converting As(III)0 to less toxic As(V)−, enabling its removal by electrosorption, which demonstrates the feasibility for green remediation of BFD waters as well as other arsenic-contaminated groundwaters.
Air quality equity in US climate policy
Authors: Polonik Pascal , Ricke Katharine , Reese Sean , Burney Jennifer
Published: June 2023

The United States government has indicated a desire to advance environmental justice through climate policy. As fossil fuel combustion produces both conventional pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate mitigation strategies may provide an opportunity to address historical inequities in air pollution exposure. To test the impact of climate policy implementation choices on air quality equity, we develop a broad range of GHG reduction scenarios that are each consistent with the US Paris Accord target and model the resulting air pollution changes. Using idealized decision criteria, we show that least cost and income-based emission reductions can exacerbate air pollution disparities for communities of color. With a suite of randomized experiments that facilitates exploration of a wider climate policy decision space, we show that disparities largely persist despite declines in average pollution exposure, but that reducing transportation emissions has the most potential to reduce racial inequities.
IL-11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes and inflammatory cell migration to the central nervous system
Authors: Seyedsadr Maryamsadat , Wang Yan , Elzoheiry Manal , Shree Gopal Sowmya , Jang Soohwa , Duran Gayel , Chervoneva Inna , Kasimoglou Ezgi , Wrobel John A. , Hwang Daniel , Garifallou James , Zhang Xin , Khan Tabish H. , Lorenz Ulrike , Su Maureen , Ting Jenny P. , Broux Bieke , Rostami Abdolmohamad , Miskin Dhanashri , Markovic-Plese Silva
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is to examine IL-11-induced mechanisms of inflammatory cell migration to the central nervous system (CNS). We report that IL-11 is produced at highest frequency by myeloid cells among the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets. Patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have an increased frequency of IL-11
+
monocytes, IL-11
+
and IL-11R
+
CD4
+
lymphocytes, and IL-11R
+
neutrophils in comparison to matched healthy controls. IL-11
+
and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
+
monocytes, CD4
+
lymphocytes, and neutrophils accumulate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The effect of IL-11 in-vitro stimulation, examined using single-cell RNA sequencing, revealed the highest number of differentially expressed genes in classical monocytes, including up-regulated
NFKB1, NLRP3,
and
IL1B
. All CD4
+
cell subsets had increased expression of
S100A8/9
alarmin genes involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In IL-11R
+
-sorted cells from the CSF, classical and intermediate monocytes significantly up-regulated the expression of multiple NLRP3 inflammasome–related genes, including complement,
IL18
, and migratory genes (
VEGFA/B
) in comparison to blood-derived cells. Therapeutic targeting of this pathway with αIL-11 mAb in mice with RR experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) decreased clinical scores, CNS inflammatory infiltrates, and demyelination. αIL-11 mAb treatment decreased the numbers of NFκBp65
+
, NLRP3
+
, and IL-1β
+
monocytes in the CNS of mice with EAE. The results suggest that IL-11/IL-11R signaling in monocytes represents a therapeutic target in RRMS.
Natural genetic variation in the pheromone production of
C. elegans
Authors: Lee Daehan , Fox Bennett W. , Palomino Diana Fajardo , Panda Oishika , Tenjo Francisco J. , Koury Emily J. , Evans Kathryn S. , Stevens Lewis , Rodrigues Pedro R. , Kolodziej Aiden R. , Schroeder Frank C. , Andersen Erik C.
Published: June 2023

From bacterial quorum sensing to human language, communication is essential for social interactions. Nematodes produce and sense pheromones to communicate among individuals and respond to environmental changes. These signals are encoded by different types and mixtures of ascarosides, whose modular structures further enhance the diversity of this nematode pheromone language. Interspecific and intraspecific differences in this ascaroside pheromone language have been described previously, but the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying the variation remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed natural variation in the production of 44 ascarosides across 95 wild
Caenorhabditis elegans
strains using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. We discovered wild strains defective in the production of specific subsets of ascarosides (
e.g.
, the aggregation pheromone icas#9) or short- and medium-chain ascarosides, as well as inversely correlated patterns between the production of two major classes of ascarosides. We investigated genetic variants that are significantly associated with the natural differences in the composition of the pheromone bouquet, including rare genetic variants in key enzymes participating in ascaroside biosynthesis, such as the peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase,
daf-22
, and the carboxylesterase
cest-3
. Genome-wide association mappings revealed genomic loci harboring common variants that affect ascaroside profiles. Our study yields a valuable dataset for investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying the evolution of chemical communication.
Evolutionarily diverse origins of deformed wing viruses in western honey bees
Authors: Hasegawa Nonno , Techer Maeva A. , Adjlane Noureddine , al-Hissnawi Muntasser Sabah , Antúnez Karina , Beaurepaire Alexis , Christmon Krisztina , Delatte Helene , Dukku Usman H. , Eliash Nurit , El-Niweiri Mogbel A. A. , Esnault Olivier , Evans Jay D. , Haddad Nizar J. , Locke Barbara , Muñoz Irene , Noël Grégoire , Panziera Delphine , Roberts John M. K. , De la Rúa Pilar , Shebl Mohamed A. , Stanimirovic Zoran , Rasmussen David A. , Mikheyev Alexander S.
Published: June 2023

Novel transmission routes can allow infectious diseases to spread, often with devastating consequences. Ectoparasitic varroa mites vector a diversity of RNA viruses, having switched hosts from the eastern to western honey bees (Apis ceranatoApis mellifera). They provide an opportunity to explore how novel transmission routes shape disease epidemiology. As the principal driver of the spread of deformed wing viruses (mainly DWV-A and DWV-B), varroa infestation has also driven global honey bee health declines. The more virulent DWV-B strain has been replacing the original DWV-A strain in many regions over the past two decades. Yet, how these viruses originated and spread remains poorly understood. Here, we use a phylogeographic analysis based on whole-genome data to reconstruct the origins and demography of DWV spread. We found that, rather than reemerging in western honey bees after varroa switched hosts, as suggested by previous work, DWV-A most likely originated in East Asia and spread in the mid-20th century. It also showed a massive population size expansion following the varroa host switch. By contrast, DWV-B was most likely acquired more recently from a source outside East Asia and appears absent from the original varroa host. These results highlight the dynamic nature of viral adaptation, whereby a vector’s host switch can give rise to competing and increasingly virulent disease pandemics. The evolutionary novelty and rapid global spread of these host–virus interactions, together with observed spillover into other species, illustrate how increasing globalization poses urgent threats to biodiversity and food security.
Annotation uncertainty in the context of grammatical change
Authors: Merten Marie-Luis , Wever Marcel , Geierhos Michaela , Tophinke Doris , Hüllermeier Eyke
Published: June 2023

This paper elaborates on the notion of uncertainty in the context of annotation in large text corpora, specifically focusing on (but not limited to) historical languages. Such uncertainty might be due to inherent properties of the language, for example, linguistic ambiguity and overlapping categories of linguistic description, but could also be caused by a lack of annotation expertise. By examining annotation uncertainty in more detail, we identify the sources, deepen our understanding of the nature and different types of uncertainty encountered in daily annotation practice, and discuss practical implications of our theoretical findings. This paper can be seen as an attempt to reconcile the perspectives of the main scientific disciplines involved in corpus projects, linguistics and computer science, to develop a unified view and to highlight the potential synergies between these disciplines.
Benefits and Perspectives of Adopting Soybean-IPM: The Success of a Brazilian Programme
Authors: Freitas Bueno Adeney de , Colmenarez Yelitza Coromoto , Carnevalli Roberta Aparecida , Sutil Weidson Plauter
Published: June 2023

Soybean,
Glycine
max (Fabaceae), is considered one of the world’s most important crops. Planted on millions of hectares worldwide, the management of soybean pests usually requires large amounts of chemicals. Currently, integrated pest management (IPM) is one way to protect crops through the integration of different pest control tools based on plant tolerance, adoption of economic thresholds (ETs), scouting procedures, use of selective insecticides, biological control, and other sustainable pest management tools, which helps to maintain environmental quality in an ecological and economical manner. This soybean-IPM case study in Brazil is an example of how it is possible to manage soybean fields sustainably, preserving or even increasing productivity and reducing production costs, consequently, maximizing profits. In this case, we discuss the advantages and benefits as well as possible challenges for soybean-IPM adoption. We provide examples of how to reinforce the importance of IPM by focusing on experiences from Brazil, one of the major soybean producers and exporters in the world. We analyse IPM case studies to illustrate the importance for farmers to have easy and fast access to information on medium- and long-term benefits of IPM. Overall, this case highlights both the successful achievements of the Parana State in Brazil and how important IPM is for soybean sustainability.

Information

© The Authors 2023
Flattening out: A new ESCRT structure in cell adhesions
Authors: Hakala Markku , Roux Aurélien
Published: June 2023

Conserved protein complexes called ESCRTs (endosomal sorting complexes in retrograde transport) exert diverse membrane remodeling and repair functions in cells. Hakala and Roux discuss a novel type of ESCRT-III structure found by Stempels et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202205130) in migrating macrophages and dendritic cells, suggesting a novel, cell type-specific function for this complex.
Change of electrostatic field polarity in the melt-blown polypropylene electret fabrics with corona charging
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Chen Gangjin , Gao Xiaoli
Published: June 2023

Corona-charged melt-blown polypropylene (MBPP) electret fabrics are promising candidates for air filtration, wearable sensing and energy harvesting applications. However, the underlying corona charging mechanism still needs further exploration to enhance the charge storage performance of electret fabrics. Herein, the phenomenon of surface electrostatic field polarity change in corona-charged MBPP electret fabrics is reported. By using negative corona charging and altering charging conditions such as sample size, charging time, charging voltage, discharge electrode shape and ground electrode contacting sample mode, three electrostatic field distribution modes can be formed on the two sides of samples, including (i) both front and back sides are negative; (ii) the front side is negative, and the back is positive; (iii) the front side is positive, and the back is negative. A corona charging mechanism based on plasma sheath is proposed as an explanation. The origin location and thickness of plasma sheath, which are affected by charging conditions, determine the electrostatic field polarity of MBPP fabrics. MBPP electrets with different electrostatic field polarities do not differ substantially in charge storage stability.
Optically transparent anisotropic holographic impedance metasurface for launching orbital angular momentum vortex wave
Authors: Tang Jiazhi , Meng Xiangshuai , Qian Bingyi , Chen Ruihai , Yi Jianjia , Cheng Qiang , Chen Xiaoming
Published: June 2023

The visualization of electronic products is essential for the digitization and visualization of human-computer exchange in the future smart world. However, due to its large non-translucent aperture, the conventional hologram metasurface urgently needs transparency for wide scene usage. In this paper, an optically transparent holographic impedance metasurface with a low profile is investigated for generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves in the radio-frequency domain for the first time. Indium tin oxide is applied to perform the metal functionality, which is featured by high optical transparency, and polymethyl methacrylate is proposed as the substrate material in the meta-atom design. By virtue of classic optical metasurface theory and leaky-wave principle, holographic impedance mapping is achieved, so the surface wave generated by the monopole port is effectively converted into a radiating vortex wave at 15 GHz. The prototype has been manufactured and fabricated, and the experiment results exhibit good agreements with theory and simulation analyses, showing a good prospect for OAM vortex wave launch in visualized applications.
Pion-mediated Cooper pairing of neutrons: beyond the bare vertex approximation
Authors: Zhu Hao-Fu , Liu Guo-Zhu
Published: June 2023

In some quantum many particle systems, the fermions could form Cooper pairs by exchanging intermediate bosons. This then drives a superconducting phase transition or a superfluid transition. Such transitions should be theoretically investigated by using proper non-perturbative methods. Here we take the neutron superfluid transition as an example and study the Cooper pairing of neutrons mediated by neutral π-mesons in the low-density region of a neutron matter. We perform a non-perturbative analysis of the neutron–meson coupling and compute the pairing gap Δ, the critical density ρ

c
, and the critical temperature T

c
by solving the Dyson–Schwinger equation of the neutron propagator. We first carry out calculations under the widely used bare vertex approximation and then incorporate the contribution of the lowest-order vertex correction. This vertex correction is not negligible even at low densities and its importance is further enhanced as the density increases. The transition critical line on density-temperature plane obtained under the bare vertex approximation is substantially changed after including the vertex correction. These results indicate that the vertex corrections play a significant role and need to be seriously taken into account.
An adaptive digital filter method for measuring the radial error motion of ultra-precision spindle
Authors: Gao Minge , Wang Ping , Cui Hailong , Wang Junhua , Wang Shixiang , Li Yidan , Kong Lingbao , Xu Min
Published: June 2023

To ensure the nanometer-level running accuracy of the ultra-precision spindle, the radial error motion should be precisely measured. However, the asynchronous errors induced by the measurement instrument will mix in the measured data and significantly deteriorate the measurement precision. In this study, a novel adaptive digital filter method (ADFM) is proposed to suppress the asynchronous errors and lower requirements for the precision of measurement instruments based on the Donaldson reversal method. Specifically, the Gaussian mixture model is first used to investigate the characteristics of asynchronous errors and obtain appropriate initial filter parameters. The least mean square algorithm is utilized to adaptively optimize the filter parameters. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that ADFM can suppress asynchronous errors by more than 90% compared with the traditional methods. Experimental results show that the standard deviation uncertainty is reduced by more than 60%. Besides, the measurement results of two sensors with different precision verify the feasibility of ADFM.
Absorptive/transmissive frequency selective surface with multiple transmission zeros for reduced transition bandwidth
Authors: Deng Lianwen , Fang Shuguang , Zhang Pin , Liu Yawen , Huang Shengxiang , Qiu Leilei
Published: June 2023

An absorptive/transmissive frequency selective surface (ATFSS) with multiple transmission zeros is proposed, which consists of one lossy layer and two lossless layers separated by air space. As the key features, the slot-line loading and interlayer coupling technologies are adopted in the lossy layer and lossless layers, respectively, to introduce the infinite impedance points and four transmission zeros, thereby simultaneously achieving low insertion loss and high selectivity of the transmission band. Benefiting from the ohmic loss of the lumped resistance in the lossy layer, effective absorption can be readily implemented. A detailed qualitative analysis of the proposed structure is presented through the equivalent circuit theory, surface current, and power loss density distributions. Under normal incidence, the overall structure exhibits two discrete absorption bands over the frequency range of 6.34 to 13.40 GHz, whereas a transmission behavior is obtained from 9.34 to 11.40 GHz with a minimum insertion loss of only 0.14 dB. In particular, there are only 3.9% and 3% transition bandwidths between absorption and transmission functions. Then, a sample prototype is fabricated for demonstration, and the measured results are well consistent with the simulated one. As expected, the proposed ATFSS has the advantage of multiple transmission zeros, loss insertion loss, and narrow transition band, which is of great potential in the application of radar stealth radome.
Interaction solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation in incompressible fluid
Authors: Ma Hongcai , Mao Xue , Deng Aiping
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to search for the solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation. Lump solutions, breather solutions, mixed solutions with solitons, and lump-breather solutions can be obtained from the N-soliton solution formula by using the long-wave limit approach and the conjugate complex method. We use both specific circumstances and general higher-order forms of the hybrid solutions as examples. With the help of maple software, we create density and 3D graphs to summarize the dynamic properties of these solutions. Additionally, it is possible to observe how the solutions’ trajectory, velocity, and shape vary over time.
A guide towards optimal detection of transient oscillatory bursts with unknown parameters
Authors: Cho SungJun , Choi Jee Hyun
Published: June 2023

Objectives. Recent event-based analyses of transient neural activities have characterized the oscillatory bursts as a neural signature that bridges dynamic neural states to cognition and behaviors. Following this insight, our study aimed to (1) compare the efficacy of common burst detection algorithms under varying signal-to-noise ratios and event durations using synthetic signals and (2) establish a strategic guideline for selecting the optimal algorithm for real datasets with undefined properties. Approach. We tested the robustness of burst detection algorithms using a simulation dataset comprising bursts of multiple frequencies. To systematically assess their performance, we used a metric called ‘detection confidence’, quantifying classification accuracy and temporal precision in a balanced manner. Given that burst properties in empirical data are often unknown in advance, we then proposed a selection rule to identify an optimal algorithm for a given dataset and validated its application on local field potentials of basolateral amygdala recorded from male mice (n=8) exposed to a natural threat. Main Results. Our simulation-based evaluation demonstrated that burst detection is contingent upon event duration, whereas accurately pinpointing burst onsets is more susceptible to noise level. For real data, the algorithm chosen based on the selection rule exhibited superior detection and temporal accuracy, although its statistical significance differed across frequency bands. Notably, the algorithm chosen by human visual screening differed from the one recommended by the rule, implying a potential misalignment between human priors and mathematical assumptions of the algorithms. Significance. Therefore, our findings underscore that the precise detection of transient bursts is fundamentally influenced by the chosen algorithm. The proposed algorithm-selection rule suggests a potentially viable solution, while also emphasizing the inherent limitations originating from algorithmic design and volatile performances across datasets. Consequently, this study cautions against relying solely on heuristic-based approaches, advocating for a careful algorithm selection in burst detection studies.
Mechanical properties analysis of carbon fiber composite bond-rivet hybrid joints of maglev train body in different service environments
Authors: Qu Liyuan , Tian Aiqin , Xin Yanming , Su Chao , Wang Di , Xi Yue , Chang Zongyu
Published: June 2023

Carbon fiber reinforced composites have the advantages of high specific strength and stiffness, which are widely used in rail vehicles. As one of the most commonly used connection forms for maglev train bodies, it is important to ensure the strength and reliability of the joint under different temperatures. Therefore, the paper takes the perspective of carbon fiber composites in the lightweight application of high-speed train bodies. The optimal geometric parameters (end-diameter ratio e/D, width-diameter ratio w/D) of the bond-rivet hybrid joint connection are investigated. The influence laws on structural strength and load-bearing failure forms are found under typical temperatures such as room temperature environment, high-temperature environment, and alternating high and low-temperature environment. Failure specimens and tensile load-displacement curves were analyzed. At the three-room temperatures, the joint structure with an end-diameter ratio e/D of about 3:1 and a width-diameter ratio w/D of about 6:1 had the highest strength, and the failure form was the ideal extrusion damage around the nail hole. The high-temperature environment has little effect on the overall load-bearing capacity of the connected structure in a short period, but it changes the morphology of the adhesive layer. The structure is more prone to shear and peel failure of the adhesive layer. The strength of the alternating high and low-temperature treated joints is slightly higher than that of the untreated specimens when tensile at room temperature. The epoxy resin and carbon fibers are more closely fitted by the environment, enhancing the ability of the composite laminate to withstand tensile and torsional loads.
Fabrication and properties of n-SiO2/m-SiO2/PU superhydrophobic coatings
Authors: Dong Kai , Xue Zhihong , Dong Yanwu , Lu Ziqiang , Guan Zhong , Duan Yuping , Wang Hongxia
Published: June 2023

In order to eliminate the adverse effects of icing on the surface of mechanical devices such as power transmission cables and wind turbine blades due to low temperature, nano-silica (n-SiO2) and micron-silica (m-SiO2) modified by silane coupling agent were blended with a mass ratio of 5:1 and subsequently compounded with polyurethane (PU) to obtain n-SiO2/m-SiO2/PU superhydrophobic coatings. It is shown that the tight bonding of m-SiO2 with PU avoids the cracking of the coating due to the agglomeration of n-SiO2 and improves the stability of the coating. n-SiO2 makes the surface of n-SiO2/m-SiO2/PU coating form a dense and rough structure, which increases the air-liquid contact area by trapping more air. The contact angle reached 158.10° at a low filling ratio(40 wt%), indicating that the prepared n-SiO2/m-SiO2/PU coating has excellent superhydrophobic properties. The superhydrophobic n-SiO2/m-SiO2/PU coating is very helpful in solving the low-temperature icing problem of outdoor power and wind equipment in rain and snow.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Mechanical Sand Concrete at High Temperature based on Electron Microscopy
Authors: Song Siyu , Tang Zhongbo , Zhang Jiayuan , li Hao , Yang Xiujiang , Liu Hai
Published: June 2023

For sustainable development, sand-mixed concrete has been paid more and more attention by researchers. In order to study the mechanical properties of sand-gravel concrete, five temperature levels of natural cooling and water cooling were considered, and the mechanical properties of sand-stone concrete after high temperature were tested.. In order to study the mechanical properties of desert sand concrete after high temperature, this paper designs a single factor test with the replacement rate of desert sand as the variable. Five temperature levels are considered, and natural cooling and watering cooling are adopted to test the mechanical properties of desert sand concrete after high temperature. The influences of temperature, desert sand replacement rate, cooling method and fly ash content on compressive strength, axial compressive strength and static compressive elastic modulus of desert sand concrete after high temperature were analyzed, and the deterioration model of strength and elastic modulus of desert sand concrete after high temperature was established. From high temperature post-voltage voltage specimen sampling, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, from the micro level desert sand concrete after high temperature macro performance deterioration mechanism to explain.
The Reconstruction Scheme of Inland Port Shore Power Construction
Authors: Kang Zhongfei , Du Wei , Tian Teng
Published: June 2023

In response to the “carbon peak and carbon neutral strategy”, inland ports need to vigorously promote the construction and transformation of shore power facilities, and promote 100% shore power coverage and access. At present, the existing shore power facilities have problems such as inconsistent interfaces, mismatched capacity, backward billing methods, etc., which need to be further improved to make them work normally. The paper puts forward three kinds of shore power equipment transformation schemes, and provides two kinds of shore power billing management system construction schemes according to the different on-site environments, effectively promoting the use of port power facilities, and achieving the goal of “all should be connected”.
Countermeasure of Local Scour around Offshore Wind Power Piles
Authors: Qian Wangfeng
Published: June 2023

By using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, the RNG (Renormalization Group) turbulence model and the mud shield module are employed to establish a three-dimensional mathematical model of scouring around a wind power pile foundation. The model reliability is verified by literature results. A new wind power pile foundation protection method is proposed. The thickness of the diaphragm protective layer is 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm. Through the numerical simulation results, the protective effect is invalid when the thickness of the protective layer is small, however, after the thickness of the protective layer exceeds a certain value, the local scouring is more significant.
Analysis and optimization of temperature measurement distance on the infrared temperature measurement accuracy of a building envelope
Authors: Fang Zhicheng , Wang Wanjiang
Published: June 2023

Due to the measuring distance, there are variable degrees of temperature measurement differences when infrared temperature monitoring technology is employed to take the temperature of a building envelope, which can directly lead to distortion in the detection of the building envelope temperature. In order to address this issue, temperature data from 20 sets of different measurement locations were acquired through field testing analyzing the building envelope and the interior latex-painted wall. By fitting polynomials to the temperature error and distance curves, a model of the temperature-distance compensation function was produced. According to the results, it is possible to precisely estimate the temperature of latex-painted interior walls at a distance of 0.25 meters using an instrument. The temperature-distance compensation model is executed as the measurement distance increases, resulting in a maximum error rate of 1% for temperature readings after compensation. Before adjustment, the error rate in measuring temperature was 4.9%; after adjustment, it is 3.9%.
Optimal Control of VAV Air Conditioning Terminal in the Polar Cruise Public Area
Authors: Jiang Lu
Published: June 2023

As a key system to ensure residential comfort, the control mode of the polar cruise air conditioning system directly relates to the comfort of the cabin environment and the economy of ship operation. Aiming at the characteristics of uncertainty and regulation time delay in the load change of the VAV air conditioning system in the public area of polar cruise ships, this paper models the mechanism of the VAV terminal system and conducts simulation experiments on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform. By comparing the difference between the traditional PID control strategy and the fuzzy PID control strategy in the control effect, it provides a reference for the optimal control of the polar cruise air conditioning system.
High-precision clock research based on comparator delay characteristics with temperature
Authors: Huang Yuliang , Yang Jianhong
Published: June 2023

Accuracy is an important index in the design of clock circuits. The clock performance is affected by the fact that the delay time of the comparator in the circuit is strongly influenced by the temperature. This paper presents a principal analysis of this phenomenon and proposes a specific method for optimizing clock accuracy. By changing the comparator’s reference voltage, the clock accuracy is improved to meet the high-precision clock requirements. The high-precision clock frequency designed in this paper is 24 MHz, with temperature stability of ±1%.
Parameters estimation of hybrid modulated signal combining BPSK and LFM Based on Born-Jordan Distribution
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Wang Hongxing , Jiang Zhengyun , Ding Lushan
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the problem of the estimation of hybrid modulated signal combining Binary Phase Shift Keying and Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM-BPSK), the existing methods have low estimation accuracy in low SNR. To solve this problem, the algorithm based on Born-Jordan time-frequency distribution (BJD) is proposed, which uses the Hough transform (HT) to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of LFM-BPSK signal, and then estimates the code element width by dimensionality reduction time-domain signal. Finally, simulation experiments show that the parameter estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm under low SNR is significantly better than that of existing algorithms, and the performance is close to MCRLB.
Design and Implementation of LEO Constellation Simulation System Based on Distributed Simulation Platform
Authors: Jia Zhenhua , Wu Zhiqiang , Li Shaoyang , Zhu Xiaohui , Wang Xiaohan
Published: June 2023

The paper designs and implements a low-orbit constellation simulation system based on the distributed simulation platform. Based on analyzing the composition and the service process of the LEO constellation system, the overall architecture and index system of the LEO constellation simulation system are proposed. Taking the typical application scenario of the LEO constellation as an example, the operation process of the simulation scenario is planned and designed, and the evaluation methods of the overage, capacity, delay, bit error rate, and other indicators of the LEO constellation system are given. By using the component modeling method on the distributed simulation platform, the entities in the simulation system are modeled, and the visual display of the simulation system is realized through secondary development based on cesium digital earth. The LEO constellation simulation system can provide a verification environment for its construction and a basis for the determination, optimization, and upgrading of technical status.
Doppler shift compensation algorithm based on inverse synthetic aperture ladar in binary phase-coded signal
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Jin Kai , Song Anpeng , Xu Chen , Li Min
Published: June 2023

The binary phase-coded signal is used in inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) as a commonly used pulse compression signal. However, due to its sensitivity to doppler shift, it will lead to poor or even uncompressible pulse compression results. Combined with the principle of inverse synthetic aperture ladar, the doppler shift introduced by target motion will have a very significant impact, further degrading the imaging results. By using the digital moving target detection (DMTD) method, the doppler information of each distance unit is extracted by performing Fourier transform on the same distance unit, and then a compensation factor is constructed in the frequency domain to compensate for this doppler, correcting the adaptation problem brought by it and improving the imaging result.
Development of novel acceptors with deep LUMO energy levels
Authors: Yang Hao-Yu , Yin Pei-feng , Zhang Heng-yuan , Zhang Ming , Lin Hui , Tao Si-Lu , Zheng Cai-Jun
Published: June 2023

Pure-organic red exciplex emitters are far from satisfactory in terms of quantity and efficiency. The narrow lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels range of reported acceptors together with the intrinsic exciton non-radiative decay are the dominant factors restricting the progress of red exciplexes. Herein, two acceptor molecules operating at unique LUMO of -3.51 and -3.56 eV, namely 4-(6-([1, 1’: 3’, 1”-terphenyl]-5’-yl)-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl) benzonitrile (CNAI-tPh) and 4-(6-(4-(4, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-1, 3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl) benzonitrile (CNAI-TRz), were developed. Through binding to a donor whose HOMO energy level is -5.53 eV, the CNAI-TRz-related OLEDs attained a higher device efficiency amounting to 7.7% with a red-shifted spectrum compared to the CNAI-tPh-related devices. These results are remarkable among the reported pure-organic red exciplex-based OLEDs and demonstrate the tremendous potential of our synthesized acceptors in efficient red exciplexes.
Preparation and Performance Study of Organic Phase Change Refrigerant for Microfreezing and Preservation
Authors: Fang Yu , Luo Xiaoxue , Jing Haotong , Zou Changzhen , Wang Tianren , Wang Yongjie
Published: June 2023

In this paper, to develop a stable and efficient micro-frozen cold storage agent to ensure the freshness of food during transportation, the organic sorbitol aqueous solution was used as the main energy storage agent, and the thermal properties of the multiple compound solution were investigated after adding potassium sorbate, glycine, and highly absorbent resin. The experimental results proved that the total mass fraction of not more than 0.1% of potassium sorbate solution as a preservative could prolong the service life of the storage agent, supplemented by low molecular glycine and highly absorbent resin with more stable thermal properties. The specific formulation of the final developed storage agent is as follows: mass fraction of 5% sorbitol + 0.1% potassium sorbate + 1.75% SAP + 1% glycine + pure water. The new organic phase change accumulator with the latent heat of phase change of 286.5J/g and onset temperature of -4.3°C can be measured. After the thermal performance cycle test, it is found that the accumulator has no obvious delamination, subcooling, and phase separation phenomenon, with stable thermal properties. It can be used repeatedly for a long time, which has certain application development prospects in cold chain transportation and low-temperature logistics.
Quaternary Phosphonium Salt-functionalized Graphene Filter for Effective Water Disinfection
Authors: Cui Yuqi , Hu Can , Zhang Dong , Wang Liang , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Yilei
Published: June 2023

To access safe water, a facile and low-cost quaternary phosphonium salt-functionalized graphene filter (PYQP-G filter) was developed via pi-pi stacking interaction between perylene and graphene surface. We first synthesized a new perylene derivative with two QPS groups at its amide sides denoted as PYQP. Next, shellac was used as a carbon source to coat the graphene material onto the surface of a porous SiO2 substrate in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Thus, a graphene filter (G-filter) was obtained. Third, the PYQP was attached to the graphene surface through π-π stacking to generate the PYQP-G filter. Due to the high bacterial accumulation and killing ability of the assembled PYQP, the PYQP-G filter showed high efficiency in water disinfection. When the bacterial concentration is blown at 105 CFU/mL, one PYQP-G filter can purify up to 500 ml of water.