bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudos pós-graduados e pesquisa em literatura: condições e necessidades
Authors: Corrêa Alamir Aquino
Published: October 2016

Este texto trata de algumas inconsistências no sistema depós-graduação em estudos literários no Brasil, em seus aspectosmateriais e circunstanciais, tendo como gabarito comparativo aatividade acadêmica similar nos Estados Unidos. Há uma discussão arespeito do crescimento do estado da arte e de seu papel (in)formativo,como também se analisam as revistas acadêmicas enquanto produtoutilizado para a avaliação da pós-graduação. Finalmente, ponderasesobre o valor, a circulação e a recepção da pesquisa, que sustentao debate acadêmico na área de estudos literários. As condições e asnecessidades da formação pós-graduada e da pesquisa analisadasaqui podem também ocorrer na grande área de humanidades.
Portal da Capes: contribuições para uma epistemologia crítica em pesquisa social
Authors: Carvalho Rosana Célia Da Silva , Carvalho Rejane do Socorro Da Silva
Published: October 2016

Aborda-se o Portal de Periódicos da Capes e sua relação com as pesquisas sociais engajadas em epistemologias críticas, objetivando analisá-lo como um veículo de informações para as pesquisas alinhadas à concepção materialista histórica diante da expansão das bibliotecas digitais e pela importância da contraposição às adversidades do sistema capitalista. À luz da concepção materialista histórica, empregou-se na metodologia: o método lógico-dialético; o método de procedimento comparativo; a coleta de dados por leitura analítica; a sistematização por fichamento analítico; e a análise de dados mediante análise crítica. As considerações finais são no sentido de que o Portal de Periódicos da Capes potencializa informações úteis para as pesquisas engajadas emepistemologias críticas, mas é necessária a busca de aprimoramento constante sobre o aspecto operacional do portal, para que ele seja eficaz sobre as pesquisas.
Ensino de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva: situação atual e desafios para o futuro
Authors: Barata Rita Barradas , Santos Ricardo Ventura
Published: October 2016

O artigo trata dos desafios para a pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva neste início de século XXI, considerando tanto os aspectos específicos desse tipo de formação quanto as transformações ocorridas no campo das práticas em saúde pública em função das transformações sociais e históricas. O principal objetivo é problematizar diferentes aspectos que podem balizar a formulação dos programasde pós-graduação. O texto está constituído por um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da pós-graduação na área, considerações sobre asituação atual dos programas credenciados, os desafios para o futuro da pós-graduação senso estrito, as repercussões do processo de globalização para os saberes e práticas da saúde pública, a nova saúde pública e os desafios para a formação acadêmica e profissional.
Quais são as indicações geográficas brasileiras?
Authors: Barbosa Patrícia Maria Da Silva , Rangel de Moraes Valente Fernandes Lucia Regina , Lage Celso Luiz Salgueiro
Published: October 2016

O presente trabalho analisa as solicitações e os registros das indicações geográficas (IGs) brasileiras feitas ao Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial desde a entrada em vigor da Lei de Propriedade Industrial, em maio de 1997, até o final do ano de 2011. Os principais produtos brasileiros que buscam proteção são o café, as bebidas alcoólicas, as rochas, a água mineral, o queijo e o algodão colorido,sendo o café o responsável por 18,6% dos depósitos nacionais. A região com o maior número de depósitos é a Sudeste. No entanto, é o Rio Grande do Sul, estado localizado na região Sul, o detentor do maior número de IGs concedidas, seis das 14. O setor com mais concessões até 2011 foi o de bebidas alcoólicas, com três IGs: duas para vinhos e uma para a cachaça, o que representa 21,4% das concessões.
A relevância da inserção da propriedade intelectual na pós-graduação brasileira como ferramenta de incentivo à inovação
Authors: Da Silva Costa Márcio Martins
Published: October 2016

Neste trabalho são apresentados conceitos do sistema de propriedade intelectual e os benefícios que podem trazer para a projeção do País no cenário internacional, quando aliados aos atores que compõem a pós-graduação. São apresentados dados consolidados do País que denotam a situação da propriedade intelectual na universidade e na empresa, à luz dos desdobramentos proporcionados pela legislação vigente. Propostas de ações são apresentadas, bem como os impactos provenientes do ensinamento de propriedade intelectual na formação do pesquisador brasileiro.
Análise da formação de recursos humanos em Biotecnologia no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Costa Benedita Marta Gomes , Pedro Edilson da Silva , De Macedo Gorete Ribeiro
Published: October 2016

Apontada nas atuais políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovaçãocomo uma área portadora de futuro, a Biotecnologia tem exigido políticasespecíficas para o seu desenvolvimento. Dentre elas, a formaçãode recursos humanos, que constitui uma ação estratégica. Visando contribuir com essa temática, o presente artigo objetiva analisar aformação de recursos humanos em Biotecnologia no Nordeste brasileiro.Foram utilizadas como fonte de pesquisa as linhas de pesquisa doscursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu ofertados na região e asdesenvolvidas pelos grupos de pesquisas cadastrados na plataformaLattes do CNPq. Os resultados apontam para: a articulação entre ostemas regionais e as áreas de fronteiras; e a ausência de formação nasáreas de Nanobiotecnologia e Bioinformática e de pesquisadores emtemas relacionados a ações estruturantes.
Produção científica e formação de recursos humanos em Bioquímica no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Berti Luciana C. , Baggio Suelen , Souza Diogo O. , Wofchuk Susana T.
Published: October 2016

A produção científica brasileira em Bioquímica está crescendo,e o Rio Grande do Sul se destaca nesse contexto. Por essa razão,o objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar o perfil dos professores/pesquisadores em Bioquímica das IES públicas e privadas do RS,quantificar e analisar sua produção científica (número de artigoscientíficos publicados, dissertações e teses orientadas). Observamosque a maioria dos professores/pesquisadores em Bioquímica de todasas instituições, públicas ou privadas, é titulada e pós-graduada, masnem todos conseguem seguir atividades de pesquisa aliadas àquelasde ensino nas instituições que os acolhem.
ObserveUnB: Observatório da Rede de Colaboração Científica da Universidade de Brasília
Authors: Ralha Célia Ghedini , Carvalho Denise Bomtempo Birche de , Guerra Gabriela Netto
Published: October 2016

Este artigo apresenta a definição e o desenvolvimento doObserveUnB, um observatório da rede de colaboração científica eacadêmica na Universidade de Brasília (UnB). O foco do ObserveUnBé representar a rede de colaboração científica e potencializar suaampliação por meio da descoberta de potenciais parcerias. OObserveUnB utiliza informações existentes nos Currículos Lattesdos pesquisadores da UnB, nos grupos de pesquisa certificados pela instituição no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq e nas bases dedados dos sistemas acadêmicos e de pessoal. O projeto do ObserveUnBcontempla ainda a extensão da ontologia Conscientias (base do Lattes)e a definição de um modelo de reputação dos participantes da rede.
The Effect of Fermented Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L) Skin in Diets on Feed and Anthocyanin Consumption, Carcass Characteristics, Anthioxidant Profile and Meat Texture of Bali Duck
Authors: Yadnya T.G. Belawa , Trisnadewi AA. A.S. , Sukada I Ketut , Oka I Gusti Lanang
Published: October 2016

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of fermented purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) skin in diets on feed and anthocyanin consumption, carcass characteristics antioxidant profile and meat texture of Bali duck.. Five  treatment diets were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of control diet A (diet without containing purple sweet potato skin), diet B containing 10% purple sweet potato skin, diet C containing 10% fermented purple sweet potato skin, diet D containing 20% purple sweet potato skin, diet E containing 20% fermented purple sweet potato skin.Each treatment consisted of four replications and each replicate had five ducks. The variables observed were feed and anthocyanin consumption,slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, carcass physical composition,  meat antioxidant profile (capacity antioxidant (CA), malondialdehide (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Experiment results showed that diets with fermented or unfermented purple sweet potatoin diets treatments B, C, D, and E increased the anthocyanin  consumption,  slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage and meat percentage of duck carcass but decreased  their fat and skin. Fermented purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) skin  in  C and E increased the antioxidant capacity(AC)  and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while  treatment B and  D were not significantly different (P>0.05) to the control group.  Malondialdehide (MDA) of the duck meat in treatment B,C, and D were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to the control diet. Treatment E significantly  increased the perimesium and endomesium of meat texture , but its experiment was not significantly different to the control group. It was concluded that substitution of fermented purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) skin in diets could improve of feed and anthocyanin, carcass characteristics, antioxidant profile, and meat texture of bali duck.
Methodology for characterizing brace friction material on high temperatures
Authors: Neis Patric D. , Sukumaran Jacob , Delgado Yeczain Perez , Ando Matyas , Ferreira N.F. , De Baets Patrick
Published: October 2016

The current work aims to describe a methodology to test brake friction materials through a braking tribometer, which is integrated by an electromagnetic induction heater. This technology allows to characterize the isolated effect of load and temperature on friction. Characteristics of the main machines and procedures for testing friction materials are evaluated, paying particular attention with regard to the effect of load and temperature on friction. Experimental methodology consisted of performing brakings under 3 levels of load and 4 levels of temperature. Results from the experiments show that coefficient of friction decreases considerably when temperature is higher than 300°C. It was also observed that the effect of load on friction varies according to the friction material evaluated. About the number of braking applications at each temperature level, it has been verified that at temperatures of 200°C, 300°C and 350°C, three braking are able to characterize the friction behavior. However, when temperature is 100°C, at least 10 brakings are required in order to obtain satisfactory results. The reason for that is due to the bedding-in and also recovery effect of friction, which occurs immediately after to the brake friction material to be subjected to high temperatures (300°C or higher).
Tribo-electrochemical behavior of a ferritic stainless steel under applied potentials
Authors: Dalbert V. , Mary N. , Verdu C. , Evin H. N. , Normand B.
Published: October 2016

A tribo-electrochemical characterization of a ferritic stainless steel has been carried out under reciprocating sliding against a corundum alumina pin in 0.02 M H2SO4 medium at room temperature. Theaim of this study is to present a refinement of the usually employed method to determine the synergismeffect occurring in a tribo system where the sample is made of passive metal and the counter body made ofinert material. The effects of mechanical, corrosion and synergistical contributions to tribocorrosion at eachinvestigated potential are discriminated. So as to further study the synergy, it is divided into two parts,electrochemistry-accelerated wear (EAW) and wear-accelerated electrochemistry (WAE), respectively.Focus is first addressed on the mechanical wear reference determination under cathodic polarization. It has been shown that depending on the selected cathodic potential a hydrogen effect or even a dissolutioncontribution could result in EAW contribution of about 60% of the overall degradation. These effects are avoided when polarization is made at a potential where the double layer thickness is maximum and couldserve as lubricant agent under friction. The wear volume found under these conditions could therefore be used as mechanical wear reference. In the anodic domain, with the employed set-up, it is possible to set anidle time long enough for the film to reform between each sliding. Charges released during pin motions periods are thus related to depassivation process only and are converted into WAE wear volumes using the Faraday’s law. Wear volumes are quite constant over the investigated range in the passive plateau. They are more important than what is observed at lower potentials because of great EAW wear volumes.However, the proportions of wear contributions to the overall material degradation are changing. Even if the mechanical contribution is quite constant over the considered passive range around 23%, a transfer isoccurring from the EAW contribution to the WAE one as the anodic potential is increased.
Wear mechanisms and in-service surface modifications of a stellite 6B Co-Cr alloy
Authors: Bemporad E. , Sebastiani M. , Mangione V. , De Felicis D. , Carassiti F.
Published: October 2016

In the present paper, the in-service wear mechanisms and cross-sectional microstructural evolution of a Stellite 6B cobalt-based alloy subjected to sliding contact conditions are analysed. The analysis is carried out using focused ion beam (FIB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 3D confocal profilometer and nanoindentation techniques. Samples under investigation consisted of a lip-seal adopted in a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). In the working conditions, the lip-seal is in sliding contact with a rubber seal in a pressurised oil environment. In those conditions, an unexpected low wear resistance was observed during service. As a consequence, a long machine downtime was necessary to replace the damaged component. Results of FIB-SEM/EDS characterisation showed severe grooving due to the presence of sand (SiO2) particles embedded in the rubber seal in the contact area. In addition, three body abrasive wear is observed immediately outside the contact area. Microstructural evaluation of Stellite 6 B Co-based alloy of the cross-section also showed the presence of a nano-crystalline hardened layer with diffuse presence of stacking faults. The presence of a tribo-film with a complex structure was also clearly observed. It is concluded that wear resistance of such components could be significantly enhanced either by a proper control of abrasive contaminant particles in the lubricant oil or by introducing a proper protective coating (e.g. a thermal sprayed thick coating).
Air bearings in high precision systems
Authors: Cracaoanu I. , Bremer F.
Published: October 2016

In high precision system applications low friction levels between components are desirable. Moving heavy parts at high speeds and accelerations without friction is possible by using air bearings. The main failure ofthe air bearings is the wear phenomenon (modification of surface topography) that occurs due to crash into the counterpart when air supply is interrupted. The aim of this research is to investigate different types of air bearings for a large number of crashes using real operational parameters from the field: speed, acceleration, load and supply air pressure. The real crash phenomenon in a high precision machine hasbeen replicated using a test setup. During testing, evolution of air bearing surface topography and air bearing characteristics (gap and flow) after different number of crashes are investigated. Test results showthat some air bearings are not reaching the specified number of crashes due to large defects that occur on the bearing surface. Some specific relations were found between crash defects and parameters such asthe air gap size and the direct contact between opposing surfaces. The preferred type of air bearings shows good performance even above the maximum specified number of crashes. This behavior can be explainedby low friction level during crash tests between the opposing surfaces. The test results from this investigation produced a reliable candidate for air bearings in the high precision system application.
STRIBECK AND TRACTION CURVES FOR ELLIPTICAL CONTACTS: ISOTHERMAL FRICTION MODEL
Authors: Popovici R.I. , Schipper D.J.
Published: October 2016

This paper deals with the prediction of the Stribeck and traction curves, by proposing a mixed lubrication model for highly loaded elliptical contacts. The model represents an extension on the mixed lubrication model of Gelinck and Schipper and comprehends both the asperity component or the so called boundary lubrication component (BL) and the elastohydrodynamic component (EHL). The asperity component is calculated from a fully deterministic contact perspective, where an equivalent rough surface is in contact with a smooth and rigid surface. In EHL regime, the film thickness is calculated according to Nijenbanning et al. and the separation for the asperity component is derived from Johnson, with a small adaptation, which was possible due to the deterministic contact model approach. In this way, the separation is calculated from the volume conservation theory of Johnson and even if this can be negative, the film thickness remains above zero permitting the calculation of highly loaded contacts. For the traction curve calculation, an elastic-plastic approximation for BL micro-contacts as proposed by Gelinck and Schipper for line contacts is used.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF FRETTING WEAR
Authors: Yue T. , Abdel Wahab M. , Hojjati-Talemni R. , Sadeghi M.Z.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a review of some techniques proposed in the literature for modelling fretting wear is presented. Fretting wear occurs when surfaces are degraded and materials are removed due to a small relative oscillatory motion between two contact surfaces. Due to the continuous change in the shape of a structure during its lifetime, the design of engineering components subjected to fretting wear is a challenge to engineers and scientists. The available predictive tools in the literature, which make use of analytical solution of the contact pressure in the first cycle ignoring the wear effect and removal of materials in the subsequence cycles, provide inaccurate results. Numerical modelling techniques such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be used to model any type of structures with configuration taking into account many complicated details such as large deformation, material non-linearity, change in geometry and time integration effect. Therefore, FEA is a very desirable technique for fretting wear analysis and lifetime prediction. This review covers modelling fretting wear using numerical modelling methods, which can be divided into three main techniques, namely the FEA method, Boundary Element Method (BEM) and Finite Discrete Element Method (FDEM).
Instrumented indentation for determination of full range stress-strain curves
Authors: De Smedt Andreas , Hertelé Stijn , Verstraete Matthias , Van Minnebruggen Koen , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

One common method for the determination of full range stress-strain curves by instrumented indentation is presented and validated for an aluminium alloy. This method relates properties describing the indentation force-depth curve with those describing the uniaxial stress-strain curve as traditionally obtained from a tensile test. The first aim of this paper is to explain the basic concepts of instrumented indentation. Next, the analysis method is presented and validated. This study ends with discussing the uniqueness of the obtained solution. It is concluded that accurate determination of stress-strain behaviour can be realized, but for certain materials two indentations are needed.
Design of a tribological ball joint tester
Authors: Raes Sebastien , Devreese Thibault , De Pauw Jan , De Baets Patrick
Published: October 2016

The automotive industry uses ball joints in the suspension systems of cars. These ball joints are subject to various forces and relative displacements which inevitably invoke wear. The same happens in other applications that use ball joints, for example human hip joints. Nowadays there are only a few test rigs that can correctly simulate wear in these joints or test the joints according to a realistic loading cycle. This paper focuses on the design of a test rig that allows parametric research on these ball joints in order to increase the performance.
Characterisation of weld heterogeneity through hardness mapping and miniature tensile testing
Authors: Bally Jonas , De Waele Wim , Verleysen Patricia , Gubeljak Nenad , Hertelé Stijn
Published: October 2016

Welding is a widely adopted industrial process used for joining components. A fusion weld has a highly heterogeneous microstructure and characterisation of strength heterogeneity is difficult because of the potentially large variations over a limited distance. Hardness mapping and miniature tensile tests are two distinct approaches to this problem. This paper reports on the possibilities and limitations of both techniques. Hardness mapping is a well-documented procedure as opposed to miniature tensile testing, where the dimensions of the dogbone shaped specimens are smaller than what standards prescribe. A particular challenge is the measurement of strains in such small specimens. The authors have achieved this measurement by means of Digital Image Correlation (DIC). To that end, a sufficiently fine speckling method has been developed.
Effects of variable amplitude loading on fatigue life
Authors: Laseure Niels , Schepens Ingmar , Micone Nahuel , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

This paper is a review of published research on variable amplitude loading of steels. The use of service spectra for different industrial sectors and specifically for offshore applications is first considered. Constant amplitude fatigue failure models are not representative for these applications. The JONSWAP spectrum shows potential to be used as service spectrum for offshore structures. Further investigation of variable amplitude fatigue is needed to get insight in the various phenomena linked to the variable amplitude. Observed trends in fatigue crack growth rate in variable amplitude fatigue tests on steels, such as the effects of overloads and underloads (occurring as single events, sequential events or block loadings), are discussed. Furthermore, suggestions of the underlying physical phenomena behind the load interaction effects due to variable amplitude loading are presented. It can be concluded that the plasticity induced crack closure mechanism is the most profound explanation for the acceleration effect in overloads and the retardation effect observed in underloads.
The influence of material anisotropy and spiral welding on tensile strain capacity of spiral welded pipes
Authors: De Backer Michiel , Van Minnebruggen Koen , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

The longitudinal strain capacity of spiral welded pipelines displays to some extents unexplained behaviour. Therefore, they are not (yet) used extensively in offshore applications and harsh conditions, demanding a strain based design. An important factor that influences the tensile strain capacity is the quantity of anisotropy in terms of strength and toughness. Starting from an anisotropic hot rolled highstrength steel skelp, the process of helical forming and post-treating of the pipe adds heterogeneity and changes the level of anisotropy of the product. A parameter that should be examined with respect to anisotropy is the crack driving force, a measure for the toughness of the pipeline steel. Additional to the mode I loading (opening of the crack), the mode III component drives the in-plane shear motion of a crack in the spiral weld when the pipe is subjected to longitudinal deformation. This action, not present inlongitudinal welded pipes, shows a decreasing contribution with increasing plasticity. FE simulations have demonstrated a rise of crack driving force in anisotropic cases with respect to an isotropic reference. However, exact data and variation of various parameters, along with experimental testing need to be conducted. The outcome analysis of such simulations and tests can validate existing models, or help create a better understanding of anisotropic and heterogenic influences on the tensile strain capacity of spiral welded pipes.
Influence of process parameters on the weld quality of dissimilar Cu-Al magnetic pulse welded sheets
Authors: Demonie Wim , Faes Koen , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

Little is known about the influence of the main geometrical parameters (overlap, stand-off and free length) and the energy input on welds formed by electromagnetic pulse welding. The Taguchi experimental design method was applied for determining the underlying relations for dissimilar sheet welding of copper and aluminium. The weld quality was evaluated based on four output parameters: the weld length, the size of the interfacial layer, the lap shear strength and the thickness reduction of the flyer sheet. The influence of the overlap and free length showed to be non-negligible; this in contrast to the small amount of attention these parameters receive in other publications.
Accelerating corrosion in a laboratory set-up for corrosion-fatigue of offshore steels
Authors: Depoortere M. , Rogge O. , Micone Nahuel , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

Corrosion-fatigue is a dangerous failure mechanism that is not yet fully understood. Structures subjected to corrosion-fatigue are over conservative in design, which is economically unfavourable. To counter this, representative laboratory experiments simulating the corrosion-fatigue conditions of an offshore structure should be performed. Lab testing is, for obvious reasons, performed at frequencies much higher than these of wave and wind actions. However, this means that corrosion needs to be accelerated in the same manner. In this work two different ways to accelerate corrosion were selected, namely temperature and oxygen content adaptation. S-N curves were determined in different test conditions in order to evaluate the damage evolution. It has been found that high temperatures and high levels of oxygen content will result in earlier failure. The fracture surfaces are somewhat different than fracture surfaces obtained due to fatigue in air. More crack initiation sites can be observed and the fracture surface is generally rougher due to corrosion.
Is Global Warming All about Technological Issues?
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: October 2016

When the COP21 project is analysed with economic and social science models, then one arrives at profound pessimism about the prospects of implementation success. The basic Wildavsky gulf between policy promises and real life implementation outcomes is bound to plague the efforts at coordination to halt the climate change process. The natural sciences have dominated the global warming debate, but it is time to start examining the problematic of delivering great transformation of energy systems to stem the anthropogenic causes of global warming through the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The erection of the Super Fund is a necessity for avoiding decision paradoxes like PD games, sub-optimisation and second best solutions. Without massive financial assistance, there will occur widespread reneging on the COP21 objectives (Goal I-III). The system of United Nations Climate Change Conferences, yearly conferences held in the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), does not offer an organization that is up to the coordination tasks involved in halting climate change.
THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ETHICAL CLIMATE ON THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ EDUCATIONAL ATTITUDES IN OPERATING ROOM
Authors: Yousefian Miandoab Nazanin , Shahrakipour Mahnaz , Zare Sadegh
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Health-care students should be properly trained to be able to solve the society problems in the future. One of the factors affecting the
academic progress of students is student’s educational attitudes that are affected by the factors such as their learning environment’s climate. The
aim of the current study is studying the ethical climate on the university students’ educational attitudes in the operating room of the medical science
university in Zahedan.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the students were selected by census method (62 students). To collect the data, a three-part questionnaire
was used that the first part was related to the demographic features, the second part was related to the educational attitude, and the third part was
related to Olson’s standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS 19 by statistical tests, t-test, and variance analysis.
Results: The average age of students was 21.65±1.63 and 36 participants were female and 26 participants were male. 34 participants were educating
in semester 4 and 28 participants were educating semester 8. The average score of educational attitude was 87.01±9.20 and the average score of
ethical climate was 15.58±92.85, and the significant relationships were observed between the ethical climate and educational attitude (p=0.03).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that students have a positive view of their field of study and existence ethical climate and managers, and
officials should try to maintain this situation, and the relationship between the ethical climate and educational attitude was significant.
Keywords: Educational attitude, Ethical climate, The university students, Operating rooms.
EVALUATION OF SERUM NITRIC OXIDE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SEVERITY OF DISEASE
Authors: Nayak Sarthak Ranjan , Jena Itishri , Kumari Mishra Pramila , Behera Sudeshna , Ray Subhashree
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and one of the most important public health concerns all over the world. Primary
or essential hypertension is the major form of arterial hypertension without any definitive cause. It results from increase vascular tone and resistance
which may be confined to the lower level of endothelial derived relaxing factor such as nitric oxide (NO). Hence, the objective of this study is to find
out whether any correlation exists between the concentrations of serum NO (nitrite) and essential hypertensive patients categorized according to the
Joint National Committee 7 classification.
Methods: We selected age- and sex-matched 24 healthy individuals as controls and 35 essential hypertensive patients as cases. Out of 35 cases, 24
were included in stage 1 and 11 in stage 2 of essential hypertension. We estimated serum NO levels in study groups basing on the principle of Griess
reaction.
Results: We observed reduction in mean serum NO level in cases which was statistically highly significant as compared to controls (8.14±0.33 vs.
13.53±0.38 µmol/L, p<0.001) and also in stage 2 patients when compared with stage 1 patients (5.97±0.31 vs. 9.15±0.28 µmol/L, p<0.001). In
hypertensive patients, serum NO showed a highly significant inverse correlation to both systolic (r=−0.89, p<0.001) as well as diastolic (r=−0.64,
p<0.001) blood pressure.
Conclusion: Thus, we can conclude that lower level of serum NO can be an important causative factor in the progress of essential hypertension.
Keywords: Essential hypertension, Endothelial-derived relaxing factor, Nitric oxide, Joint National Committee 7.
STABILITY INDICATING REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LABETALOL AND ITS DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Chakravarthy V. Ashok , Bbv Sailaja , Kumar A Praveen
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop a simple, efficient, and reproducible stability indicating reverse phase high-performance
liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination labetalol and its degradation products in tablet dosage forms.
Methods: The chromatographic separation of labetalol and its degradation products in tablets was carried out on Zorbax Eclipse Plus C-18
(100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) column using 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (v/v) in 1000 ml of water and 0.1% TFA (v/v) in 1000 ml of acetonitrile:
Methanol (1:1) by linear gradient program. Flow rate was 1.0 mL min
 with a column temperature of 35°C, and detection wavelength was carried out
at 230 nm. Known impurity is well resolved from the main active drug within 14 minutes run time.
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Results: The forced degradation studies were performed on labetalol tablets under acidic, basic, oxidation, thermal, humidity, and photolytic
conditions. No degradation products were observed from the forced degradation studies, and the known impurity is well resolved from the main
active drug. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and
robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The method was found to be linear in the range of LOQ to 120% for all the known and unknown impurities.
The LOD and LOQ values of known impurity were found between 0.3593 and 0.7187 µg mL
, and the percentage recovery values were in the range
of 95.5-105.2% at different concentration levels. Relative standard deviation for precision and intermediate precision results were found to be <5%.
The correlation coefficient found for all compounds was not <0.99. The results obtained from the validation experiments prove that the developed
method is a stability indicating method.
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Conclusion: The developed method can be successfully applied for routine analysis, quality control analysis and also suitable for stability analysis of
the simultaneous determination of labetalol and its degradation products in tablet dosage forms as per the regulatory requirements.
Keywords: Labetalol, Development, Validation, Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
Hacia una historia del arte regional. Reflexiones en torno al comparativismo para el estudio de procesos culturales en Sudamérica
Authors: García María Amalia
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo busca revisar reflexiones historiográficas en torno al comparativismo como metodología de estudio y proponer un abordaje para la construcción de historias del arte regionales. A partir de los debates considerados en un ajustado estado de la cuestión se busca volver a situar a la historia comparada como una metodología idónea para pensar los procesos del arte moderno en las metrópolis sudamericanas y habilitar así lecturas que excedan las fronteras nacionales. Para este fin, la presente investigación propone la definición de “términos relacionales” y su puesta a prueba en el análisis de las artes visuales en Sudamérica. Los “términos relacionales” propuestos para el abordaje metodológico son el “dispositivo de exhibición de intercambio diplomático” y la pintura monocroma los cuales, considerados a partir de estudios de casos, habilitan el análisis comparativo. Se busca establecer núcleos de exploración para leer semejanzas y diferencias dentro un panorama común.
PERTENENCIA SOCIAL Y COMPRENSIÓN DE LA DESIGUALDAD SOCIAL EN NIÑOS Y NIÑAS DE GRUPOS SOCIALES CONTRASTANTES
Authors: Acuña Figueroa María Belén , Aguilera Sicot Romina , Cesario Julieta , Imhoff Débora
Published: October 2016

El estudio indagó las nociones sobre desigualdad social de niños y niñas de grupos sociales contrastantes, focalizando en las construcciones cognitivas infantiles considerando los contextos sociales de pertenencia. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizaron 67 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a niños/as de 10 y 11 años de nivel socioeconómico medio-alto y bajo de la ciudad de Córdoba, seleccionados/as por muestreo teórico. Los datos fueron procesados mediante Análisis de Contenido Cualitativo. Asimismo, se efectuó una indagación de las atribuciones causales subyacentes a las explicaciones sobre el origen del fenómeno, y una exploración de los atravesamientos ideológicos en torno a la comprensión de este problema social. Los resultados señalan que ambos grupos compartieron aspectos en torno a su comprensión de la desigualdad social. Aun así, ciertas dimensiones mostraron divergencias entre ambos grupos, dando cuenta de diferencias en la forma de comprender este objeto socio-político en función de las pertenencias sociales.
COSTOS DE LOS ACCIDENTES LABORALES: CARTAGENA-COLOMBIA, 2009-2012
Authors: Acevedo González Karina , Yánez Contreras Martha
Published: October 2016

Los accidentes de trabajo acarrean importantes costos en la sociedad que no necesariamente se reflejan en transacciones monetarias. Este manuscrito presenta un análisis descriptivo y de variables relacionadas con la accidentalidad laboral y los métodos para la evaluación de los costos de la misma; a partir de datos de la ciudad de Cartagena-Colombia durante el período 2009 - 2012. Los resultados muestran que en Cartagena debido a la accidentalidad, las compañías aseguradoras incurren en un costo aproximado de 11 millones de dólares y que los costos ocultos asociados con la pérdida de producción y afectación al trabajador, ascienden a 44 millones de dólares.
NIVELES DE RESPUESTAS A UNA INTERVENCIÓN EN ORTOGRAFÍA
Authors: Ferroni Marina , Mena Milagros , Diuk Beatriz
Published: October 2016

Este estudio se propuso analizar la respuesta de niños de 3er grado ante una intervención pedagógica destinada a promover la formación de representaciones ortográficas de palabras. Las palabras de entrenamiento contenían sílabas o morfemas ortográficamente complejos (con dos o más escrituras posibles). Luego de realizada la intervención se evaluó la escritura de las palabras de entrenamiento más un grupo de pseudopalabras no incluidas en la intervención pero que contenían las sílabas o morfemas incorporados a las palabras de entrenamiento. En base al desempeño en la escritura de palabras, se ubicó a los niños en grupos de alta o baja respuesta a la intervención. Se comparó a ambos grupos en la escritura de las pseudopalabras. Los resultados sugieren que los niños del grupo de alto nivel de respuesta tendieron a almacenar en mayor medida las unidades sub-léxicas presentes en las palabras de entrenamiento que el grupo de bajo nivel de respuesta.
ANALISIS Y VALORACION DE POLITICAS PREVENTIVAS DE INCONDUCTAS DE INVESTIGADORES CIENTIFICOS
Authors: França Omar
Published: October 2016

Se analizan y evalúan los criterios éticos y legales subyacentes a los principales documentos nacionales e internacionales que establecen políticas concernientes a la prevención y control de las inconductas de los investigadores científicos. Finalmente se proponen las medidas operativas mínimas que podrían contribuir a asegurar eficientemente la integridad investigativa tales como la permanencia de los datos brutos para el escrutinio de los colegas, la obligación de la denuncia anónima de las inconductas, y el cambio de incentivos de la producción académica.
Subsídios técnicos para gestão ambiental em sistemas silvipastoris
Authors: Teste Teste
Published: October 2016

Livestock farming in general, despite the economic importance, has been identified as a major cause of environmental damage (deforestation and fire) to the biomes of Brazil. In this scenario, society entities and preservationists have demanded the government's alternative livestock production less environmentally harmful, like the silvopastoral systems, which consist of a combination of timber and fruit trees with animals and have great potential for economic and environmental benefits to producers and to society. The implementation of silvopastoral systems could represent an excellent market opportunity, since it makes an activity intensive agriculture and the sustainable productive aspects, biological, economic, social and ecological, with profitability, the sale of products and derivatives; adding value to property, in addition to landscaping, allowing ecotourism. These systems fulfill some functions of natural forest, because they have permanent vegetation with deep roots and dense vegetation. They also represent a real alternative to the type of farming that prevails in Brazil, generating environmental services such as carbon sequestration, and improve the quality of life for farmers and their families who depend on livestock for their livelihoods. This paper reviews the aspects related to the formation and use of silvopastoral systems with considerations on the tree species to be used, the damage from animals to trees, the shading effect of trees on pastures and animals, besides the indicative sustainability and profitability in the short and long term these systems, as well as considerations about carbon sequestration. The success of silvopastoral systems will depend on the balance between its main components, the soil, trees, pasture and animals associated with the agricultural and forestry techniques, and environmental management.
Algumas considerações sobre o sistema radicular de plantas forrageiras
Authors: Teste Teste
Published: October 2016

In describing and studying plant organisms, it is usual to subdivide them into parts above the soil surface, called aerial part and the part below the ground surface, called underground part. Most of the research on pasture, the study of the growth and development of the shoot is prioritized at the expense of their interdependence with the roots and the influence of physical and chemical properties of soil, climate and forage plant management on these variables. Therefore, a vigorous root system reduces the time of regrowth of plants, decreasing grazing cycles and increasing the annual production of forage crops, and increase the resistance of plants to drought stress and forage competitiveness for nutrients. However, for this to occur, you need a soil structure favorable to its growth, as a low resistance to root penetration and pore space suitable for the movement of water and gases. Studying the root system of any culture is not an easy task as the variability physical, chemical and biological soil influences the distribution of the roots, leading to collection of results that do not match reality. The lack of attention that the root system of the plant receives the detriment of their shoot is justified, in part, due to the difficult and tedious methods of assessing root. Therefore, knowing the distribution of the roots of plant forage, there are the subsidies needed to allow the best use of management techniques forage plant irrigation, fertilization and animals.
Resposta de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu a regimes de desfolhação em Porto Velho, Rondônia
Authors: Teste Teste
Published: October 2016

Objective was to determine the frequency and intensity of defoliation more appropriate for management pasture ofBrachiaria Brizantha in ecological conditions of Porto Velho, Rondônia. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots and three replications. The defoliation frequencies (21, 28, 35 and 42 days) represented the main plots and defoliation intensity (20 and 40 cm) the subplots. The highest forage yield were observed when the grass was cut every 35 and 42 days. The defoliation frequency ​​every 21 days, regardless of defoliation intensity, provided higher crude protein (CP), however the highest CP yields were obtained with defoliations every 28, 35 or 42 days and 40 cm above the ground. The highest concentrations of phosphorus, calcium and potassium, irrespective of the defoliation intensity, were recorded with frequency defoliation every 21 days. Aiming to combine the production and quality of forage, the results indicate that better management of B. brizantha cv. Marandu consists of defoliation frequency every 42 days, regardless of defoliation intensity, or cutting at 35 days and 40 cm above the ground.
Produtividade e composição química da Brachiaria humidicola sob diferimento nos cerrados de Rondo
Authors: Costa Newton de Lucena , Townsend Claudio Ramalho , Pereira Ricardo Gomes de Araujo , Magalhães João Avelar
Published: October 2016

The effect of the stockpiled period on the production and chemical composition of forage Brachiaria humidicola during the dry season, was evaluated in an experiment conducted in Vilhena, Rondônia. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots and three replications. The periods of stockpiled (February 28, March 28 and April 28) represented the main plots and utilization periods (June 30, July 30, August 30 and 30 September) the subplots. The results suggest the feasibility of the deferral of the grass, so if you have supplementation of forage for livestock during the dry season. The highest yields of dry matter (DM) were observed with the deferral in February and uses in June and July. Regardless of the stockpiled, there was a significant reduction (P
Espermatogênese em eqüinos
Authors: Rua Miguel Alejandro Silva , Quirino Celia Raquel , Pacheco Aline , Ribeiro Mariana da Silva , Bartholazzi Junior Aylton , Vega Wilder Hernando O.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was discuss about the aspects of spermatogenesis, and the facts that may influence its occurrence. Spermatogenesis is the process of cell division and cell differentiation by with spermatozoa are produced in testes. Efficiency of spermatogenesis in stallions is influenced by species differences and numerical density of germ cell. Activities of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids partition spermatogenesis into phases that are the spermatocitogenesis, meiosis, differentiation and spermiogenesis, respectively. Seasonality influences on the developmental in spermatogenesis that can occur more germ cell degeneration out of the breed season.  The aim of this study was discuss about the aspects of spermatogenesis, and the facts that may influence its occurrence. More studies are needed to understand the process of spermatogenesis in horses located in Brazil territory, with climate conditions that are submitted.
Nutrição pré e pós-eclosão em aves
Authors: Scottá Bruno Andreatta , Campos Priscila Furtado , Gomide Ana Paula Cardoso , Barroca Carlota Coelho , Formigoni Andressa da Silva , Zerlotini Mayra Fonseca
Published: October 2016

This study aimed to expose the features, advantages and disadvantages of nutrition pre and post-hatching poultry. In poultry several techniques have emerged with the aim of improving the production of birds from laying eggs until the slaughter of animals. Among these techniques nutrition pre-hatching is a promising concept that aims to provide the embryo in the egg even greater amount of nutrients, which can lead to a better performance of the animals after hatching. Already nutrition after hatching aims to provide the animal newly hatched quick access to food to accelerate intestinal maturation both morphologically and physiologically to prevent any irreversible losses in animal performance. The nutrition pre-hatching even as a promising concept, presents conflicting results, perhaps due to the application technique due to the nutrient or nutrients applied or the application level, necessitating more work is being done in this area. Nutrition after hatching has been shown effective in early maturation of the gastrointestinal tract that even now born anatomically complete, quick access to solid food accelerates the maturation process, leading to a quickly evolution of enterocytes and increased production of digestive enzymes.