bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers and enablers to culturally safe care for trans and gender-diverse people in hospital emergency departments: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Brown Chantal , Marnie Casey , Peters Micah D.J.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify barriers and enablers to the provision and accessibility of culturally safe care to trans and gender-diverse patients in the emergency department.

Introduction:

Emergency departments have a unique role in creating patient experiences that influence positive or negative health outcomes. It is vital that emergency departments provide equitable experiences for all patients regardless of gender. Culturally safe care aims to support inclusive, effective, and appropriate care for trans and gender-diverse patients. Identifying the reported barriers and enablers to culturally safe care for trans and gender-diverse people in emergency departments will support knowledge users to advocate for and implement improvements to care.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies that describe barriers and enablers of accessing culturally safe care in emergency departments reported by trans and gender-diverse people, their families/loved ones, as well as health care workers involved in the provision of care. English-language published and gray literature sources from January 1, 2000, to the present from all countries will be eligible.

Methods:

The review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Database searches of MEDLINE, Emcare, Embase, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest will be undertaken. Data will be presented in tabular format or graphs, with an accompanying narrative summary.
Modelling the contributions to hyperexcitability in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mittag Martin , Mediavilla Laura , Remy Stefan , Cuntz Hermann , Jedlicka Peter
Published: February 2023

Neuronal hyperexcitability is a pathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Three main mechanisms have been proposed to explain it: (i) dendritic degeneration leading to increased input resistance, (ii) ion channel changes leading to enhanced intrinsic excitability, and (iii) synaptic changes leading to excitation–inhibition (E/I) imbalance. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms is not fully understood. Therefore, we performed biophysically realistic multi‐compartmental modelling of neuronal excitability in reconstructed CA1 pyramidal neurons from wild‐type and APP/PS1 mice, a well‐established animal model of AD. We show that, for synaptic activation, the excitability‐promoting effects of dendritic degeneration are cancelled out by decreased excitation due to synaptic loss. We find an interesting balance between excitability regulation and an enhanced degeneration in the basal dendrites of APP/PS1 cells, potentially leading to increased excitation by the apical but decreased excitation by the basal Schaffer collateral pathway. Furthermore, our simulations reveal three pathomechanistic scenarios that can account for the experimentally observed increase in firing and bursting of CA1 pyramidal neurons in APP/PS1 mice: scenario 1: enhanced E/I ratio; scenario 2: alteration of intrinsic ion channels (IAHP down‐regulated; INap, INa and ICaT up‐regulated) in addition to enhanced E/I ratio; and scenario 3: increased excitatory burst input. Our work supports the hypothesis that pathological network and ion channel changes are major contributors to neuronal hyperexcitability in AD. Overall, our results are in line with the concept of multi‐causality according to which multiple different disruptions are separately sufficient but no single particular disruption is necessary for neuronal hyperexcitability.

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Key points

This work presents simulations of synaptically driven responses in pyramidal cells (PCs) with Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related dendritic degeneration.

Dendritic degeneration alone alters PC responses to layer‐specific input but additional pathomechanistic scenarios are required to explain neuronal hyperexcitability in AD as follows.

Possible scenario 1: AD‐related increased excitatory input together with decreased inhibitory input (E/I imbalance) can lead to hyperexcitability in PCs.

Possible scenario 2: changes in E/I balance combined with altered ion channel properties can account for hyperexcitability in AD.

Possible scenario 3: burst hyperactivity of the surrounding network can explain hyperexcitability of PCs during AD.
Optimal Design Towards High Performance of Sandwich Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
Authors: Li Qinlan , Li Shuang , Zhou Lianqiao , Cao Xinfang , Lan Yuqun , Xu Xinkai , Huang YongAn , Chen Yuli , Zhao Yong , Huang Chengjun , Wei Yanpeng , Yang Ya , Su Yewang
Published: February 2023

The flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH), as an effective strategy for long-term power supply of implantable and wearable electronics, requires high areal output energy density, low mechanical stiffness, and high energy efficiency, simultaneously. The widely adopted sandwich FPEH, consisting of one relatively hard substrate sandwiched between two piezoelectric films, can provide a high areal output energy density, but also high mechanical stiffness and low energy efficiency due to its energy-wasting deformation of the hard substrate. Here, we propose a novel optimal soft-substrate sandwich FPEH with designs of sufficient length and optimized Young’s modulus of the substrate, which is much smaller than that of the piezoelectric film. A sandwich beam model considering both the bending and shearing of the soft substrate and the one-way coupling of the piezoelectric effect was adopted for the theoretical analysis and optimal design. The optimal soft-substrate sandwich FPEH exhibits greatly improved overall performance with a 33% increase in areal output energy density, a 51% reduction in mechanical stiffness, and a 177% increase in energy efficiency, simultaneously. Systematic theoretical analysis is performed to illustrate the mechanism and guide the optimal design. The novel optimal soft-substrate sandwich FPEH is then applied to harvesting energy from various living subjects. This optimal design can be extended to other types of mechanical energy harvesters with a similar laminated structure.
Graphic Transfer Matrix Method for Kinetostatic and Dynamic Analyses of Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Lei , Ling Mingxiang , Lai Jianhao , Li Hai , Zhang Xianmin
Published: February 2023

Kinetostatic and dynamic analyses of compliant mechanisms with complex configurations continue to be an attractive issue for obtaining a process-concise and result-accurate solution. In this paper, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is improved for a unified linear kinetostatics and dynamic modeling of compliant mechanisms with complex serial-parallel configurations in an oriented graphic way. In detail, the transfer matrices of typical building blocks commonly used in compliant mechanisms are summarized and derived. Then, a graphic transfer matrix modeling procedure capturing both the kinetostatics and dynamics of general compliant mechanisms is introduced. The displacement amplification ratio, input/output stiffness, parasitic error, natural frequencies, and frequency response of a typical compliant microgripper and a planar parallel three-degrees-of-freedom (3DOF) nanopositioner are calculated with such a graphic transfer matrix method. The advantages of the proposed modeling method lie in its convenience and uniformity in formulating both the kinetostatic and dynamic behaviors of a class of compliant mechanisms with distributed and lumped compliances in a transfer matrix manner, which has minimal DOF and is easily programmed.
Origami Claw Tessellation and Its Stacked Structure
Authors: Xing David , You Zhong
Published: February 2023

Origami tessellations belong to a type of origami in which repetitive units are used. Stacking sheets of these origami tessellations is a fabrication technique to construct mechanical cellular meta-materials. Almost all crease-stackable origami tessellations investigated to date are based on the Miura-ori and its derivatives, which contain only four-crease vertices. Such origami tessellations typically have a single degree-of-freedom (DOF), and the stacked origami tessellations retain that DOF. In this paper, we explore the possibility of creating stackable origami using origami tessellations that are not based on the Miura-ori. A novel origami tessellation called the origami claw tessellation (OCT) is proposed. This tessellation contains both four and six-crease vertices and has multiple DOFs. It is purposely designed so that the tessellation is crease-stackable. Moreover, we demonstrate that the crease-stacked OCTs have only a single DOF due to the mechanical coupling between the layers, a feature that has never been previously explored in stackable origami. Our findings have been proven analytically and validated using physical models. This work could inspire more research into using other exotic origami tessellations to create multi-layered cellular meta-materials.
Static Hovering Realization for Multirotor Aerial Vehicles With Tiltable Propellers
Authors: Hamandi Mahmoud , Seneviratne Lakmal , Zweiri Yahya
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a theoretical study on the ability of multirotor aerial vehicles (MRAVs) with tiltable propellers to achieve and sustain static hovering at different orientations. To analyze the ability of MRAVs with tiltable propellers to achieve static hovering, a novel linear map between the platform’s control inputs and applied forces and moments is introduced. The relation between the introduced map and the platform’s ability to hover at different orientations is developed. Correspondingly, the conditions for MRAVs with tiltable propellers to realize and sustain static hovering are detailed. A numerical metric is then introduced, which reflects the ability of MRAVs to sustain static hovering at different orientations. A subclass of MRAVs with tiltable propellers is defined as the critically statically hoverable platforms (CSH), where CSH platforms are MRAVs that cannot sustain static hovering with fixed propellers, but can achieve static hovering with tilting propellers. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to test and validate the above findings, and to demonstrate the effect of the proposed numerical metric on the platform’s dynamics.
Optimized Film Cooling Flow on a Contoured Endwall Within a Transonic Annular Cascade
Authors: Burdett Timothy A. , Ullah Izhar , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin , McClintic John W. , Crites Daniel C. , Riahi Ardeshir
Published: February 2023

Film cooling was measured on the endwall of a five-vane annular cascade in a blowdown wind tunnel at an exit Mach number of 0.9. The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was calculated from the partial pressure of oxygen measured with binary pressure-sensitive paint (BPSP). Cylindrical film cooling holes were located in the upstream and passage regions with the coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratio (MFR) independently varied for each region. One row was located upstream of the vanes and supplied by an upstream plenum. Two rows were located in the passage between two vanes and supplied by a downstream plenum. Three total MFRs were investigated: 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. For a given total MFR, four combinations of upstream and downstream MFRs were compared to an even split of coolant. Coolant-to-mainstream density ratios (DRs) of 1.0 and 2.0 were investigated. The most efficient use of coolant hinged on balancing the downstream MFR for the second row due to the endwall pressure gradient preventing coolant from exiting the holes or a high jet velocity causing liftoff. For this row, selecting the optimum MFR increased the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness by up to 200% with a reduction in row 1 of less than 25%. At high downstream MFRs, increasing the density ratio delayed liftoff and increased film cooling effectiveness in row 2 by 65%. However, at low MFRs, increasing the density ratio reduced film cooling effectiveness in row 2 by 60%.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of dispersion of ultrasonic waves in the low-temperature and low-pressure nitrogen gas
Authors: Sun Guanwen , Cui Hanyin , Li Chao , Lin Weijun , Su Chang
Published: February 2023

Temperature has a complex effect on acoustic dispersion in dilute gases. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the acoustic dispersion of dilute gases is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Theoretically, the Navier–Stokes (NS) equation and the Greenspan's theory, which includes the rotational-relaxation correction, are applied to calculate the dispersive sound speed. It is concluded that the temperature affects the molecular translational relaxation and the rotational relaxation by influencing the average molecular collision frequency and the relaxation collision number, respectively, and thus, change the amplitude of the acoustic dispersion. Numerical calculations led to the conclusion that both translational and rotational dispersions weakened as the temperature decreased. Experimentally, sound speed measurements of 21–40 kHz acoustic waves were also carried out in gaseous nitrogen at temperatures ranging from −70 °C to 20 °C and pressures of 150–105 Pa. Theoretical predications indicate that the speed of sound should increase with decreasing pressure at all temperatures, and the degree of dispersion should diminish at lower temperatures. The experimental observation of dispersion is consistent with theory within experimental error (1%) but was not able to distinguish the small (0.01%) increase in sound speed expected at 150 Pa.
Multizone sound reproduction with adaptive control of scattering effects
Authors: Gao Hao , Cheng Jiazheng , Liu Ziyun , Shen Yong
Published: February 2023

The aim of multizone sound reproduction is to reproduce different sound programs to different spatial zones in a common space using a set of loudspeakers. Several multizone sound reproduction methods have been developed over the past few decades, and most of them assume that there are no listeners in the listening area. However, when listeners enter the listening area, the scattering effects will reduce the performance of the multizone sound reproduction system. In this paper, an adaptive control method of scattering effects is proposed for multizone sound reproduction. The proposed method models the scattering effects based on the equivalent source method and uses adaptive filters to estimate the scattering effect by a small number of additional microphones. To validate the proposed method, several simulations are presented. The results of the simulations indicate that the proposed adaptive method exhibits good performance when used in multizone sound reproduction with the scattering effects.
Future Directions for Transforming Kinesiology Implementation Science Into Society
Authors: Alamilla Rafael A. , Keith NiCole R. , Hasson Rebecca E. , Welk Gregory J. , Riebe Deborah , Wilcox Sara , Pate Russell R.
Published: February 2023

Physical activity policy can play a crucial role in ensuring that individuals, communities, and societies can obtain the wide range of health benefits associated with regular physical activity participation. Policies such as Title IX, the Americans With Disabilities Act, and state physical education laws have all increased opportunities for millions of Americans to participate in physical activity. With that said, how policies are developed and implemented vary considerably. The purpose of this manuscript is to contrast an academic conceptual framework with a pragmatic approach for policy implementation. In an ideal world, polices would be developed from foundational knowledge, scaled up to community-level interventions, and implemented in a sequential fashion. However, policy implementation is a disorderly process that requires a practical methodology. The National Physical Activity Plan encompasses strategies and tactics across 10 key societal sectors—and highlights the disorderly process of policy implementation across the various sectors.
Spatial regulation of the glycocalyx component podocalyxin is a switch for prometastatic function
Authors: Román-Fernández Alvaro , Mansour Mohammed A. , Kugeratski Fernanda G. , Anand Jayanthi , Sandilands Emma , Galbraith Laura , Rakovic Kai , Freckmann Eva C. , Cumming Erin M. , Park Ji , Nikolatou Konstantina , Lilla Sergio , Shaw Robin , Strachan David , Mason Susan , Patel Rachana , McGarry Lynn , Katoch Archana , Campbell Kirsteen J. , Nixon Colin , Miller Crispin J. , Leung Hing Y. , Le Quesne John , Norman James C. , Zanivan Sara , Blyth Karen , Bryant David M.
Published: February 2023

The glycocalyx component and sialomucin podocalyxin (PODXL) is required for normal tissue development by promoting apical membranes to form between cells, triggering lumen formation. Elevated PODXL expression is also associated with metastasis and poor clinical outcome in multiple tumor types. How PODXL presents this duality in effect remains unknown. We identify an unexpected function of PODXL as a decoy receptor for galectin-3 (GAL3), whereby the PODXL-GAL3 interaction releases GAL3 repression of integrin-based invasion. Differential cortical targeting of PODXL, regulated by ubiquitination, is the molecular mechanism controlling alternate fates. Both PODXL high and low surface levels occur in parallel subpopulations within cancer cells. Orthotopic intraprostatic xenograft of PODXL-manipulated cells or those with different surface levels of PODXL define that this axis controls metastasis in vivo. Clinically, interplay between PODXL-GAL3 stratifies prostate cancer patients with poor outcome. Our studies define the molecular mechanisms and context in which PODXL promotes invasion and metastasis.
Cardiolipin coordinates inflammatory metabolic reprogramming through regulation of Complex II disassembly and degradation
Authors: Reynolds Mack B. , Hong Hanna S. , Michmerhuizen Britton C , Lawrence Anna-Lisa E. , Zhang Li , Knight Jason S. , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Abuaita Basel H. , O’Riordan Mary X.
Published: February 2023

Macrophage metabolic plasticity enables repurposing of electron transport from energy generation to inflammation and host defense. Altered respiratory complex II function has been implicated in cancer, diabetes, and inflammation, but regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that macrophage inflammatory activation triggers Complex II disassembly and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B loss through sequestration and selective mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission supported lipopolysaccharide-stimulated succinate dehydrogenase subunit B degradation but not sequestration. We hypothesized that this Complex II regulatory mechanism might be coordinated by the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin. Cardiolipin synthase knockdown prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced metabolic remodeling and Complex II disassembly, sequestration, and degradation. Cardiolipin-depleted macrophages were defective in lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a phenotype partially rescued by Complex II inhibition. Thus, cardiolipin acts as a critical organizer of inflammatory metabolic remodeling.
Mobilisation in the EveNing to TreAt deLirium (MENTAL): protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: McWilliams David , King Elizabeth , Nydahl Peter , Darbyshire Julie Lorraine , Gallie L , Barghouthy Dalia , Bassford C , Gustafson Owen
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Delirium is common in critically ill patients and is associated with longer hospital stays, increased mortality and higher healthcare costs. A number of risk factors have been identified for the development of delirium in intensive care, two of which are sleep disturbance and immobilisation. Non-pharmacological interventions for the management of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium have been advocated, including sleep protocols and early mobilisation. However, there is a little published evidence evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of evening mobilisation.

Methods and analysis

Mobilisation in the EveNing to TreAt deLirium (MENTAL) is a two-centre, mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT). Sixty patients will be recruited from ICUs at two acute NHS trusts and randomised on a 1:1 basis to receive additional evening mobilisation, delivered between 19:00 and 21:00, or standard care. The underpinning hypothesis is that the physical exertion associated with evening mobilisation will promote better sleep, subsequently having the potential to reduce delirium incidence. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a future, multicentre RCT. The primary outcome measures, which will determine feasibility, are recruitment and retention rates, and intervention fidelity. Acceptability of the intervention will be evaluated through semi-structured interviews of participants and staff. Secondary outcome measures include collecting baseline, clinical and outcome data to inform the power calculations of a future definitive trial.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained through the Wales Research and Ethics Committee 6 (22/WA/0106). Participants are required to provide written informed consent. We aim to disseminate the findings through international conferences, international peer-reviewed journals and social media.

Trial registration number

NCT05401461.
Evaluation of the implementation and effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention strategy for safe patient handling and movement in the healthcare sector: a study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wåhlin Charlotte , Buck Sebastian , Sandqvist Jan , Enthoven Paul , Fock Jenni , Andreassen Maria , Strid Emma Nilsing
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Healthcare workers with physically demanding work tasks, such as patient handling and movement (PHM), are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. To facilitate safe PHM and prevent musculoskeletal disorders, a combination of workplace interventions, including risk assessments, is needed. The aim of this study is to implement and evaluate a multifactorial intervention strategy for safe PHM and compare it with a single intervention strategy.

Methods and analysis

This cluster randomised controlled trial will compare a multifactorial intervention strategy with a single intervention strategy for safe PHM in workplaces in the Swedish regional and municipal healthcare systems. At least twelve healthcare units will be recruited. Care units belonging to arm A will receive: (1) guidelines for PHM, (2) training modules, (3) risk assessment with TilThermometer, (4) risk assessment with Downtown Fall Risk Index and (5) work environment mapping. Care units belonging to Arm B will receive interventions (1) and (5). The two strategies will be evaluated with regards to (1) the primary outcome of the applied strategies’ intervention effectiveness (safety climate in relation to aspects of PHM) and (2) the primary implementation outcome (acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility). This study will also explore the implementation process and intervention fidelity, examine the influence of contextual factors and investigate participants’ experiences of working with strategies for safe PHM. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods will be used. The data collection is based on questionnaires, interviews and field notes of contextual factors.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is approved by the Swedish national ethical board (Dnr 2021–00578). Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and distributed on social media. A lay summary and dissemination strategy will be codesigned with a reference group and participating healthcare units.

Trial registration number

NCT05276180.
Refining and optimising a behavioural intervention to support endocrine therapy adherence (ROSETA) in UK women with breast cancer: protocol for a pilot fractional factorial trial
Authors: Smith Samuel G , Green Sophie M C , Ellison Rachel , Foy Robbie , Graham Christopher D , Mason Ellen , French David P , Hall Louise H , Wilkes Hollie , McNaught Emma , Raine Erin , Walwyn Rebecca , Howdon Daniel , Clark Jane , Rousseau Nikki , Buxton Jacqueline , Moore Sally J L , Parbutt Catherine , Velikova Galina , Farrin Amanda , Collinson Michelle
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Women with breast cancer who do not adhere to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) have increased risks of mortality and recurrence. There are multiple barriers to AET adherence, including medication side-effects, beliefs about medication, memory and psychological distress. We developed four intervention components, each targeting a different barrier. This pilot trial is part of the preparation phase of the Multiphase Optimisation Strategy, and aims to establish key trial parameters, establish intervention component adherence, establish availability and feasibility of outcome and process data, estimate variability in planned outcome measures and estimate cost of developing and delivering each intervention component.

Methods and analysis

The four intervention components are as follows: short message service text reminders (target: memory); a written information leaflet (target: medication beliefs); a guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy programme (target: psychological flexibility to reduce distress) and a self-management website (target: side-effect management). To evaluate the feasibility of recruitment, acceptability of the intervention components and the availability of outcome data, we will conduct a multisite, exploratory pilot trial using a 24-1fractional factorial design, with a nested process evaluation. We will randomise 80 women with early-stage breast cancer who have been prescribed AET to one of eight experimental conditions. This will determine the combination of intervention components they receive, ranging from zero to four, with all conditions receiving usual care. Key outcomes of interest include medication adherence and quality of life. Progression to the optimisation phase will be based on predefined criteria for consent rates, patient adherence to intervention components and availability of medication adherence data.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was reviewed by the Wales Research Authority Research Ethics Committee 3 (21/WA/0322). Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients before randomisation. The results of this trial will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

ISRTCN10487576.
Evaluation of prediction models for tip resistances of rock-socketed drilled shafts
Authors: Topacio Anjerick , Tang Chong , Chen Yit-Jin , Phoon Kok-Kwang
Published: February 2023

This study compiled a database called CYCU/RockTip/51 consisting of 51 rock-socketed drilled shafts installed at different sites worldwide, covering a wide variety of rock properties and shaft geometries. The tip resistances from seven representative prediction models were compared with the measured values. These measured values were obtained from the load–displacement curves of field load tests using three interpretation criteria. It was found that the prediction models of Teng, Coates, Rowe and Armitage, and ARGEMA overpredicted the measured capacity, while Zhang and Einstein, Vipulanandan et al. and Zhang are less biased. These tip prediction models also could be classified according to displacement requirements. The proposed tip prediction models of this study are presented based on different interpretation methods and the displacement ranges that they are mobilized. Finally, the normalized load–displacement curve was fitted to the hyperbolic curve with two model parameters ( a and b). The parameters a and b define the reciprocal of the initial slope and the asymptotic resistance, respectively. The statistics of ( b, a) for rock-socketed drilled shafts in CYCU/RockTip/51 are mean = (0.76, 1.09), COV = (0.13, 0.59), and correlation coefficient = −0.79. These statistics are useful for reliability-based design.
Real quantum amplitude estimation
Authors: Manzano Alberto , Musso Daniele , Leitao Álvaro
Published: February 2023

We introduce the Real Quantum Amplitude Estimation (RQAE) algorithm, an extension of Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE) which is sensitive to the sign of the amplitude. RQAE is an iterative algorithm which offers explicit control over the amplification policy through an adjustable parameter. We provide a rigorous analysis of the RQAE performance and prove that it achieves a quadratic speedup, modulo logarithmic corrections, with respect to unamplified sampling. Besides, we corroborate the theoretical analysis with a set of numerical experiments.
A cellular automaton traffic model by mechanical restriction and the slow-to-start rules in the framework of Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory
Authors: Li Qi-Lang , Wang Jun-Xia , Ye Lin-Ling , Jiang Rui , Wang Bing-Hong
Published: February 2023

Most of the conventional cellular automaton (CA) traffic flow models have two shortcomings: unlimited deceleration capabilities and incapability of reproducing the synchronized flow in the three-phase traffic flow theory. Based on an original deceleration CA model that emphasizes limited mechanical capabilities and human overreaction as the origin of congested traffic states, this paper proposes a new deceleration CA model where the slow-to-start rules are incorporated. For periodic boundary conditions, one also finds that the present model can reproduce well the three different phases of traffic flow (free flow, synchronized traffic flow, wide moving jam) as well as two first-order phase transitions (the transitions from free flow to synchronized flow and from synchronized flow to wide moving jam) among them. Compared to the original deceleration CA model, one notes that the phase transition from the synchronized flow to wide moving jam becomes distinguishable. Furthermore, the present model can reliably reproduce most empirical findings including synchronized flow with different slopes, the so-called pinch effect, and the time-headway distribution of free flow and so on. Importantly, the synchronized flow with different slopes is supported by spatiotemporal diagrams and the statistical distribution of velocity and so on. For open boundary conditions, the present model can reproduce the spatiotemporal diagrams of well-known five patterns including moving synchronized flow pattern, localized synchronized flow pattern, widening synchronized flow pattern, dissolving general pattern and general pattern.
Do Internships Matter?: the Impact of Internship Participation on Employability
Authors: Choe Chung , Kim Yoo Bin , Choi Koangsung
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of internship participation on university graduates’ overall employability and uses Korea’s Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey data in order to track university graduates’ employment prospects. Our findings reveal that participation in internships increases the employability of young adults, and that this impact is slightly greater for male college graduates than for female college graduates. Meanwhile, in order to supplement the reliability of our results, we conducted additional analytical tests, including a placebo test and an intensive sensitivity analysis test. It turns out that the estimated treatment effects on the placebo outcomes are of a small magnitude, with no statistical significance. In the analysis which includes simulated confounders, it appears that the risk of omitting relevant confounders does not threaten the baseline estimates.
Hamiltonian formalism for Fermi excitations in a plasma with a non-Abelian interaction
Authors: Markov Yu. A. , Markova M. A. , Markov N. Yu.
Published: February 2023

The Hamiltonian theory for the collective longitudinally polarized colorless gluon excitations (plasmons) and for collective quark–antiquark excitations with abnormal relation between chirality and helicity (plasminos) in high-temperature quark–gluon plasma (QGP) is developed. For this purpose, Zakharov’s formalism for constructing the wave theory in nonlinear media with dispersion is used. A generalization of the Poisson superbracket involving both commuting and anticommuting variables to the case of a continuous medium is performed and the corresponding Hamilton equations are presented. The canonical transformations including simultaneously both bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom of the collective excitations in QGP are discussed and a complete system of the canonicity conditions for these transformations is written out. An explicit form of the effective fourth-order Hamiltonians describing the elastic scattering of plasmino off plasmino and plasmino off plasmon is found and the Boltzmann-type kinetic equations describing the processes of elastic scattering are obtained. A detailed comparison of the effective amplitudes defined within the (pseudo)classical Hamiltonian theory, with the corresponding matrix elements calculated early in the framework of high-temperature quantum chromodynamics in the so-called hard thermal loop approximation, is performed. This enables one to obtain, in particular, an explicit form of the vertex and coefficient functions in the effective amplitudes and in the canonical transformations, correspondingly, and also to define the validity of a purely pseudoclassical approach in the Hamiltonian description of the dynamics of quark–gluon plasma. The problem of determining the higher-order coefficient functions in the canonical transformations of fermionic and bosonic normal variables is considered. With the help of the coefficient functions obtained, the totally symmetric effective amplitudes of the elastic scattering of plasmino off plasmon and plasmino off plasmino are written out.
Exploration of thermal conductivity and optical properties of β- and γ-nitrogene
Authors: Cao Baowei , Zhuang Huimin , Wang Xiaoying , Feng Minxuan , Ding Yingchun , Gao Zhibin
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the thermal conductivity and optical properties of [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-nitrogene have been investigated by the first principles of density functional theory. Phonon dispersion suggests that [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-nitrogene are stable. The thermal conductivity of [Formula: see text]-nitrogene is almost isotropic and has a thermal conductivity of 960.17 W/m[Formula: see text]K at 300 K. The thermal conductivity of [Formula: see text]-nitrogene is anisotropic, which has a thermal conductivity of 12.34 W/m[Formula: see text]K and 18.59 W/m[Formula: see text]K along with the armchair and zigzag directions at 300 K, respectively. The acoustic phonon branches (TA, LA, and ZA) play a dominant role in heat transport in [Formula: see text]-nitrogene. But optical dispersions play an important role in the heat transport of [Formula: see text]-nitrogene. With the larger Grüneisen parameter and smaller phonon lifetime of [Formula: see text]-nitrogene, [Formula: see text]-nitrogene exhibits a smaller thermal conductivity than that of [Formula: see text]-nitrogene significantly. In addition, optical properties of [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-nitrogene have been researched. Meanwhile, [Formula: see text]-nitrogene has a certain absorption effect on the visible spectrum and ultraviolet light. Thus, the nitrogene allotropes have different optoelectronic properties. Moreover, nitrogene can be used to fabricate optoelectronic devices. This work provides a theoretical description of the thermal conductivity and photoelectricity of nitrogene allotropes.
The real space renormalization group treatment of the FCSC Ising lattice
Authors: Kaya Tuncer
Published: February 2023

A large-scale renormalization group study of the Ising model for the square, honeycomb, triangular, simple cubic, and body-centered (BC) cubic lattices has been performed recently by us. We complement those studies with the structurally more complicated face-centered cubic lattice Ising model. The results obtained from the real space renormalization group (RSRG) treatment of the face-centered simple cubic (FCSC) Ising lattice have been presented in this work. The difficulty due to its non-self-dual decimation transformation property and high numbers of nearest neighbors in the treatment is overcome with some relevant approximations. The approximation is based on keeping only the pairwise interactions in the decimated lattice which is apparently in the form of a tetragonal structure. Within this approximation, the renormalized coupling strength is related to the coupling constant of the original lattice. The critical coupling strength for the decimated tetragonal structure is calculated as 0.0905.
Optimized Convolutional Neural Network for Robust Crop/Weed Classification
Authors: Panda Bikramaditya , Mishra Manoj Kumar , Mishra Bhabani Shankar Prasad , Tiwari Abhinandan Kumar
Published: February 2023

Precision farming makes extensive use of information technology, which also aids agronomists in their work. Weeds typically grow alongside crops, lowering the production of those crops. Weeds are eliminated with the aid of herbicides. Without knowing what kind of weed it is, the pesticide may also harm the crop. The weeds from the farms must be categorized and identified in order to be controlled. Automatic control of weeds is essential to enlarge crop production and also to avoid rigorous hand weeding as labor scarcity has led to a surge in food manufacturing costs, especially in the developed countries such as India. On the other hand, the advancement of an intelligent, reliable automatic system for weed control in real time is still challenging. This paper intends to introduce a new crop/ weed classification model that includes three main phases like pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. In the first phase, the input image is subjected to pre-processing, which deploys a contrast enhancement process. Subsequent to this, feature extraction takes place, where “the features based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) as well as gray-level run-length matrix (GLRM)” are extracted. Then, these extracted features along with the RGB image (totally five channels) are subjected to classification, where “optimized convolutional neural network” (CNN) is employed. In order to make the classification more accurate, the weight and the activation function of CNN are optimally chosen by a new hybrid model termed as the hybridized whale and sea lion algorithm (HW–SLA) model. Finally, the superiority of the adopted scheme is validated over other conventional models in terms of various measures.
Intelligent Indoor Localization Algorithm Based on Channel State Information
Authors: Chen Chao , Wu Zhaoli , Wang Xin
Published: February 2023

With the deepening application of wearable devices in the field of indoor positioning, the mining and application of human behavior patterns based on new technologies such as mobile terminals, channel technologies and intelligent algorithms have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of intelligent positioning. At this stage, outdoor positioning satellite technology has been gradually improved, but it cannot work effectively in indoor environment, and indoor positioning technology has not formed a set of standard and effective scheme at this stage, which leads to a scene of a hundred contentions for indoor positioning technology. This paper proposes an indoor intelligent localization algorithm based on channel state information, which first forms the measurements of antenna subarrays by the fixed antenna subset arrays located in different paths to achieve the phase estimation based on channel state; then determines the AoA of the direct path from the target to the AP using ToF information and eliminates the STO noise of channel state information by unfolding the best linear fit of CSI phase; again the AoA and ToF estimates from multiple measurements are plotted in two-dimensional space, and the direct path possibility estimation is achieved by identifying the estimates through five clusters of Gaussian-averaged clustering algorithm; finally the coordinates of the target to be located are obtained by coupling direct propagation path, estimation clustering and least-squares estimation using three APs as the receiver and the target to be located as the transmitter. The simulation results show that the intelligent localization algorithm proposed in this paper is able to lack the localization accuracy at the decimeter level in the indoor localization environment with three fixed APs, and the average error is better than the localization algorithms of support vector machine, deep learning and limit learning.
Entropy dissipation and propagation of chaos for the uniform reshuffling model
Authors: Cao Fei , Jabin Pierre-Emmanuel , Motsch Sebastien
Published: February 2023

We investigate the uniform reshuffling model for money exchanges: two agents picked uniformly at random redistribute their dollars between them. This stochastic dynamics is of mean-field type and eventually leads to a exponential distribution of wealth. To better understand this dynamics, we investigate its limit as the number of agents goes to infinity. We prove rigorously the so-called propagation of chaos which links the stochastic dynamics to a (limiting) nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE). This deterministic description, which is well-known in the literature, has a flavor of the classical Boltzmann equation arising from statistical mechanics of dilute gases. We prove its convergence toward its exponential equilibrium distribution in the sense of relative entropy.
Index polynomial invariants of virtual knots using invariants for flat virtual knots
Authors: Lee Kyeonghui
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we introduce new index polynomial invariants for virtual knots. They are defined by using invariants of flat virtual knots. And we give some properties of these invariants and examples.
Analysis of 6Li+16O system using different theoretical methods
Authors: Amar A.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we report on the [Formula: see text] system to which the crystal model (CM), the coupled reaction channel method (CRC), and continuum discretized coupled channel (CDCC) method were applied in addition to the distorted waves-Born approximation (DWBA), which was also applied to the [Formula: see text] system. Also, CM is folded with inelastic scattering. The analysis of the experimental data was performed simply with elastic and inelastic scattering in a first step. Then transfers have been studied like pp, nn, dd, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]B using the CRC method. The CRC method was used to study many suggested combinations of transfers with elastic scattering. The analyses were performed for 6Li elastically scattered from [Formula: see text]O in the energy range of 13–50[Formula: see text]MeV. The cluster structure of [Formula: see text] has been examined during the CDCC method in addition to the breakup of the weakly bound structure of the same nucleus. A dynamic polarization potential (DPP) was used at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV. A comparison between different models was performed. A general agreement was found between the experimental data and the proposed theoretical methods.
Elastic scattering of 6Li from different target nuclei using continuum discretized coupled channels
Authors: Alharbi W. R. , Ibraheem Awad A.
Published: February 2023

In this study, the elastic scattering angular distributions (ADs) for the weakly stable 6Li nucleus from [Formula: see text]Ca, [Formula: see text]Ni and [Formula: see text]Zr targets are theoretically studied at various energies. The ADs for the following systems are considered: The [Formula: see text] system in the energy range of 32–240[Formula: see text]MeV; the [Formula: see text] system in the energy range of 9.9–210[Formula: see text]MeV; and the [Formula: see text] system in the energy range of 29.93–240[Formula: see text]MeV. The sophisticated continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) method is used to reanalyze the considered data. Reasonable agreements between the data considered and the theoretical calculations within the CDCC method are obtained. Values for the reaction cross-sections of the several systems under consideration are extracted, and they are compared to those previously reported ones.
One-Sided Capture in Nonlinear Differential Games
Authors: Shchelchkov K. A.
Published: February 2023

A differential game described by a nonlinear system of differential equations is considered in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. The value set of the pursuer control is a finite set. The value set of the evader control is a compact set. The purpose of the pursuer is a translation of the system in a finite time to any given neighborhood of zero. The pursuer uses a piecewise open-loop strategy constructed only by using information on the state coordinates and the velocity in the partition points of a time interval. In the past work, sufficient conditions were obtained for existence of a neighborhood of zero from which the capture occurs. The statement of the capture theorem contains such a condition that some vectors set up a positive basis. In this research, we consider the case when these vectors set up a one-sided set. For this case, sufficient conditions are obtained for existence of a set of initial position, from which the capture occurs.
Rings of very strong finite type
Authors: Coykendall Jim , Dutta Tridib
Published: February 2023

The SFT (for strong finite type) condition was introduced by [J. T. Arnold, Krull dimension in power series rings, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 177 (1973) 299–304] in the context of studying the condition for formal power series rings to have finite Krull dimension. In the context of commutative rings, the SFT property is a near-Noetherian property that is necessary for a ring of formal power series to have finite Krull dimension behavior. Many others have studied this condition in the context of the dimension of formal power series rings. In this paper, we explore a specialization (and in some sense a more natural) variant of the SFT property that we dub as the VSFT (for very strong finite type) property. As is true of the SFT property, the VSFT property is a property of an ideal that may be extended to a global property of a commutative ring with identity. Any ideal (respectively, ring) that has the VSFT property has the SFT property. In this paper, we explore the interplay of the SFT property and the VSFT property.
Existence of unconditional wavelet bases for Lp-norm over a local fields of positive characteristic
Authors: Pathak Ashish , Kumar Dileep
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we defined Calder[Formula: see text]n–Zygmund operator [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] on local fields ([Formula: see text]) under certain conditions on [Formula: see text] and then find the boundedness of operator [Formula: see text]. Using result on boundedness of [Formula: see text] and orthonormal wavelet basis of [Formula: see text], we provide unconditional wavelet bases for [Formula: see text]-norm over a local fields of positive characteristic by the wavelet coefficients.