bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Scattering, Temperature Gradients, and Settling on the Derived Dust Properties of Observed Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Sierra Anibal , Lizano Susana
Published: April 2020

It is known that the millimeter dust thermal emission of protoplanetary disks is affected by scattering, such that for optically thick disks, the emission decreases with respect to the pure absorption case and the spectral indices can reach values below 2. The latter can also be obtained with temperature gradients. Using simple analytical models of radiative transfer in thin slabs, we quantify the effect of scattering, vertical temperature gradients, and dust settling on the emission and spectral indices of geometrically thin face-on accretion disks around young stars. We find that, in vertically isothermal disks with large albedo (

), the emergent intensity can increase at optical depths between 10−2 and 10−1. We show that dust settling has important effects on the spectral indices in the optically thick regime, since the disk emission mainly traces small dust grains in the upper layers of the disk. The λ = 870 μm emission of these small grains can hide large grains at the disk midplane when the dust surface density is larger than ∼3.21 g cm−2. Finally, because of the change of the shape of the spectral energy distribution, optically thick disks at 1.3 mm and grains with sizes between

mm have a 7 mm flux ∼60% higher than the extrapolation from higher millimeter frequencies, assumed when scattering is neglected. This effect could provide an explanation for the excess emission at

reported in several disks.
Fast Radio Burst Counterparts and Their Implications for the Central Engine
Authors: Wang Jie-Shuang , Lai Dong
Published: April 2020

While the radiation mechanism of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is unknown, coherent curvature radiation and synchrotron maser are promising candidates. We find that both radiation mechanisms work for a neutron star (NS) central engine with

G, while for a synchrotron maser, the central engine can also be an accreting black hole (BH) with

G and a white dwarf (WD) with

G. We study the electromagnetic counterparts associated with such central engines, i.e., nebulae for repeating FRBs and afterglows for nonrepeating FRBs. In general, the energy spectrum and flux density of the counterpart depend strongly on its size and total injected energy. We apply the calculation to the nebula of FRB 121102 and find that the persistent radio counterpart requires the average energy injection rate into the nebula to be between

and

, and the minimum injected energy to be

in around 7 yr. Consequently, we find that for FRB 121102 and its nebula: (1) WD and accretion BH central engines are disfavored; (2) a rotation-powered NS central engine works when

with initial period

ms, but the radio emission must be more efficient than that in typical giant pulses of radio pulsars; and (3) a magnetic-powered NS central engine works when its internal magnetic field

G. We also find that the radio-emitting electrons in the nebula could produce a significant rotation measure (RM), but cannot account for the entire observed RM of FRB 121102.
A Fast O(N2) Fragmentation Algorithm
Authors: Rafikov Roman R. , Silsbee Kedron , Booth Richard A.
Published: April 2020

Collisional fragmentation is a ubiquitous phenomenon arising in a variety of astrophysical systems, from asteroid belts to debris and protoplanetary disks. Numerical studies of fragmentation typically rely on discretizing the size distribution of colliding objects into a large number N of bins in mass space, usually logarithmically spaced. A standard approach for redistributing the debris produced in collisions into the corresponding mass bins results in

calculation, which leads to significant computational overhead when N is large. Here, we formulate a more efficient explicit

fragmentation algorithm, which works when the size spectrum of fragments produced in an individual collision has a self-similar shape with only a single characteristic mass scale (which can have arbitrary dependence on the energy and masses of colliding objects). Fragment size spectra used in existing fragmentation codes typically possess this property. We also show that our

approach can be easily extended to work with non-self-similar fragment size distributions, for which we provide a worked example. This algorithm offers a substantial speedup of fragmentation calculations for large N ≳ 102, even over the implicit methods, making it an attractive tool for studying collisionally evolving systems.
Observing the Effects of Galaxy Interactions on the Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Zhang 张 Huanian 华 年 , Fang 方 Taotao 陶 陶 , Zaritsky Dennis , Behroozi Peter , Werk Jessica , Yang 杨 Xiaohu 小 虎
Published: April 2020

We continue our empirical study of the emission line flux originating in the cool (T ∼ 104 K) gas that populates the halos of galaxies and their environments. Specifically, we present results obtained for a sample of galaxy pairs with a range of projected separations,

, and mass ratios <1:5, intersected by 5443 Sloan Digital Sky Survey lines of sight at projected radii of 10–50 kpc from either or both of the two galaxies. We find significant enhancement in Hα emission and a moderate enhancement in [N ii]6583 emission for low-mass pairs (mean stellar mass per galaxy,

) relative to the results from a control sample. This enhanced Hα emission comes almost entirely from sight lines located between the galaxies, consistent with a short-term, interaction-driven origin for the enhancement. We find no enhancement in Hα emission, but significant enhancement in [N ii]6583 emission for high-mass (

) pairs. Furthermore, we find a dependence of the emission line properties on the galaxy pair mass ratio such that those with a mass ratio below 1:2.5 have enhanced [N ii]6583 and those with a mass ratio between 1:2.5 and 1:5 do not. In all cases, departures from the control sample are only detected for close pairs (S

p
< 100 kpc). Attributing an elevated [N ii]6583/Hα ratio to shocks, we infer that shocks play a role in determining the circumgalactic medium properties for close pairs that are among the more massive and have mass ratios closer to 1:1.
The Capabilities of the Army of the Czech Republic to Conduct Military Operations in the Tropical Rainforest
Authors: Buršík Daniel
Published: April 2020

The article is focusing on challenges connected with execution of the Czech Army military operations in tropical rainforest under umbrella of international organization. The military engagements in the tropical climate depends on unit general characterization and necessary unit competency insufficiently specified in the Czech Army Catalogue of Capabilities. The Czech Army Catalogue of Capabilities standardizes training methods, training cost, and required training area and required training equipment and material. Based on experience gained from the training of the Czech military personnel in Jungle Training Centre in French Guyana, we can assess that to attain required skills for jungle operational environment acquires a few weeks. The international organizations are capable to provide necessary training for jungle operational environment in order to reach required level of skills and competencies before operation execution.
Pour une approche historique de l’intime
Authors: Simonet-Tenant Françoise
Published: April 2020

L’auteur se situe à la croisée de l’histoire, de l’histoire littéraire et de l’histoire des sensibilités pour montrer la lente montée en puissance de l’intime vers la fin de l’Ancien Régime. L’article expose également les paradoxes de la notion d’intime et sa transformation à la période contemporaine.
L’intime au travail
Authors: Meyrieux Agnès
Published: April 2020

À travers l’exemple d’un groupe thérapeutique en hôpital de jour de réadaptation, l’auteur explore les liens entre les problématiques rencontrées dans l’exercice professionnel des métiers du lien et la construction subjective de l’individu. Il est fait l’hypothèse qu’à travers la réactualisation des premières relations d’objet dans les mouvements transférentiels au sein du groupe et l’élaboration des résistances qui s’y déploient, le groupe peut devenir le lieu d’expression de la problématique psychique du patient. Le groupe peut alors favoriser chez l’individu des remaniements psychiques offrant une voie nouvelle d’appropriation subjective et permettant une reconnaissance des choix inconscients qui se sont déployés dans le champ du travail.
Aux frontières de l’intime au sein d’une famille éclatée
Authors: Metidji Safia , Duclos Jeanne , Caron Rosa , Dupuis-Gauthier Catherine , Leroy Fabrice
Published: April 2020

En quoi l’intimité peut-elle participer à la construction du self du sujet ? Sur la base d’un cas clinique d’une adolescente souffrant d’addictions, les auteurs montrent comment l’effraction de l’intimité dans l’enfance peut entraver le processus de subjectivation. Ils s’intéressent à la façon dont le travail thérapeutique au sein d’une institution peut apporter une réponse adaptée à l’absence de délimitations du moi et de légitimation du self chez un fonctionnement limite. Trois axes de travail sont ici proposés : la dynamique des symptômes, la fonction du corps et enfin la place du tiers comme garant du désir et témoin d’une intimité retrouvée.
L’addictologie : d’une néo-discipline et de son homogénéité. Conditions de production des savoirs à l’œuvre
Authors: Dugarin Jean
Published: April 2020

Les professionnels de l’addictologie viennent d’horizons très variés. La diversité de leurs pratiques joue par conséquent sur le degré d’homogénéité de leurs représentations et des concepts à leur disposition lorsqu’ils débattent entre eux. En arrière-fond, des variations dans les normes, les valeurs et les croyances de référence peuvent aussi influer, tant le registre renvoie à des éléments sensibles tels que la démesure, le plaisir, le risque et la transgression par exemple. Faute de trouver une commune mesure, ne serait-ce que dans les termes employés, le piège est de se retrouver dans une sorte de nominalisme radical, dont les sens et les implications sont entièrement différents pour les locuteurs. Devant la complexité et la multiplicité des déterminants, les professionnels sont poussés à s’interroger sur les risques de malentendus en relation avec ce qui sous-tend leurs conceptions, leurs visées implicites, leurs pratiques, leurs évidences et la validité des concepts sur lesquels ils s’appuient. Ici se posent quelques délicats problèmes de transdisciplinarité voire de transnosographie. C’est ce que nous allons aborder dans cet article.
Addictions et problèmes bucco-dentaires
Authors: Tinta Struillou Haoua , Lemaire Christine , Sculo Chaiban Tiphaine , Guillou Landreat Morgane
Published: April 2020

L’état bucco-dentaire des patients rencontrés en service d’addictologie est souvent préoccupant. Soigner les dents efficacement et sur la durée est difficile. Quelles en sont les causes ? Est-ce une conséquence de la prise de toxique, d’une désocialisation ou de l’état psychique antérieur du patient ? Après quelques recherches sur ces thèmes en évoquant un possible rôle de la précarité, un questionnaire est mené sur trois groupes. Des patients, des soignants d’un service d’addictologie et des chirurgiens dentistes sont interrogés pour entendre les dires et ressentis face aux problèmes dentaires des patients. Il en ressort que les patients sont demandeurs de soins et de paroles. Les soignants expriment certaines gênes et limites. Comment lever ces difficultés dans un cadre soignant ? Comment amorcer des processus permettant une meilleure prise en charge dentaire des patients ?
La réinfosphère brésilienne : fake news et intolérance dans la vie quotidienne numérique
Authors: Rezende Ribeiro Renata
Published: April 2020

L’article provient d’une recherche vaste analysant l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux numériques dans la vie quotidienne. Dans cet article, nous discutons de la production de fake news à partir de la pratique de la « réinformation en ligne », indiquant comment les processus d’influence et d’opinion des utilisateurs peuvent contribuer à fomenter des discours d’intolérance par le biais d’un processus de catharsis associant politique et émotions.
La consommation nomadique des jeunes Coréens
Authors: Choi Hang-sub
Published: April 2020

Alors que leurs conditions de vie continuent à se dégrader avec la crise économique, la jeune génération en Corée se concentre plutôt sur la valeur du présent que sur celle du futur, le plaisir d’être prend le pas sur le devoir. Leur style de consommation, très nomadique, illustre bien cette tendance. Le désir d’être vu, d’être admiré, passe par des voies immédiates avec la recherche de « mises en scène », d’images de leur vie quotidienne. En raison de la nouvelle mise en visibilité de la vie « variée » et « renouvelée », se crée un culte des nouveautés perpétuelles. La consommation basée sur le présentéisme leur permet de reléguer, même provisoirement, leur angoisse au second plan.
La place du beau dans le contemporain : un regard sur la mode
Authors: Pitombo Cidreira Renata
Published: April 2020

Après la négation persistante du beau au XX e  siècle et face à la multiplicité des interventions expressives de l’époque contemporaine, la problématique du beau a refait surface. La critique qui l’a refusée a suscité une question sur les nouvelles possibilités de reconnaissance de nouveaux standards de beauté, redéfinissant son rôle dans les processus de création et de jouissance d’aujourd’hui. Dans cette perspective, nous allons réfléchir à partir de ce questionnement sur la place du beau dans la contemporanéité, en prenant en compte ses spécificités et la possibilité d’absorption des formes dans l’actualité, à partir de son processus de création en passant par l’acte contemplatif de la réception, avec comme référence l’univers de la mode, en comprenant, selon Maffesoli (1996) que « le “beau” partagé avec d’autres est à la base de l’organisation de la techné et de la polis  » (p. 156).
The Cost and Yield of Photoscreening: Impact of Photoscreening on Overall Pediatric Ophthalmic Costs
Authors: Arnold Robert W. , Armitage M. Diane , Gionet Elisha G. , Balinger Adam , Kovtoun Tatiana A. , Machida Christy , Coon Lynn J.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Approximately 5% of preschool-age children suffer from amblyopia. Many of them have high or unequal hyperopia. Amblyogenic risk factors frequently can be detected by photo-screening.

Methods:

Free photoscreening was offered to Alaskan children ages 1 to 5 from urban and rural screening hubs. Screened images were mailed to the Alaska Blind Child Discovery coordinating center for physician photoscreen interpretation, specifically seeking latent or anisometropic hyperopia. Parents and screeners then were mailed results and information about amblyopia. Follow-up examination data were tallied, and a cost-consequence analysis was developed for various vision screening paradigms and eye care.

Results:

From 1996 through 2003, a total of 13,255 screenings were performed with a positive interpretation rate of 4.7%. Penetrance of screening was 22% in urban and 44% in rural communities. Positive predictive value was estimated to be more than 90%. Average cost to screen and inform an Alaskan preschooler was approximately $10.67, and cost to detect amblyogenic risk factors by photoscreening in an Alaskan was approximately $206. Compared to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 1995 guidelines, implementing photoscreening added 9%, while mandating complete prekindergarten examination added 49% to overall eye care.

Conclusions:

MTI photoscreening achieved high community penetrance and high positive predictive value for latent hyperopia and other amblyogenic factors. When follow-up costs are considered, adding photoscreening to current AAP guidelines may add $112 per child over 10 years, but probably would assist in the reduction of amblyopia. Penetrance of urban photoscreening likely will remain low unless pediatric vision screening guidelines and reimbursement are revised.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus2005;42: 103–111.
Ocular Growth Pattern in Cryotherapy- and Laser-Treated Infants With Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Azad Raj Vardhan , Lakshminarayana Pasumala , Kumar Harsh , Talwar Dinesh , Pal Nikhil , Chandra Parijat
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To study the ocular growth pattern in cryotherapy- and laser-treated prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its effect on scleral rigidity.

Methods:

In a prospective study, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and scleral rigidity were assessed in 12 eyes with no ROP, 12 eyes with spontaneously regressed ROP, 12 eyes with cryo-therapy-treated prethreshold ROP, and 14 eyes with diode laser-treated prethreshold ROP at 36 weeks, 40 weeks, and 52 weeks postconceptional age.

Results:

Cryotherapy- and laser-treated ROP eyes at prethreshold stage exhibited shorter axial lengths and shallower anterior chamber depth compared to eyes with no ROP or spontaneously regressed ROP. Scleral rigidity was not altered in ROP eyes including those that underwent cryo-therapy or laser treatment.

Conclusions:

Growth of eyes with ROP is arrested including those treated with cryotherapy or laser at prethreshold stage. Cryotherapy or laser treatment has no weakening effect on the scleral coat.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:149–154.
Surgically Induced Necrotizing Scleritis Occurring 48 Years After Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Lai Tze , Leibovitch Igal , Zadeh Ramin , Chehade Mark , Tamblyn David , Selva Dinesh
Published: April 2020

We present a 52-year-old woman who was diagnosed with surgically induced necrotizing scleritis 48 years after strabismus surgery. This case demonstrates the importance of a high index of suspicion for this sight-threatening condition, even many years after strabismus surgery.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:180–182.
Chorioretinitis as a Complication of Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Thacker Neepa M. , Demer Joseph L.
Published: April 2020

A girl with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis developed bilateral uveitis complicated by cataract and glaucoma. Sequential fundus photography documented development of extensive choroidal scarring and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy in the left macula. Vision was not impaired. This case suggests uveitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can be associated with chorioretinitis.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:183–184.
Newborn Primary Congenital Glaucoma: 2005 Update
Authors: Walton David S. , Katsavounidou Garyfallia
Published: April 2020

Background:

Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is an unusual and important subtype of primary congenital glaucoma. Affected patients typically manifest specific signs that facilitate its recognition at birth and become important in the assessment and determination of appropriate treatment for this severe expression of primary congenital glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:

The medical records of 35 patients with newborn primary congenital glaucoma were reviewed to determine its clinical manifestations and response to therapy. The published literature related to newborn primary congenital glaucoma was reviewed and referenced.

Results:

Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is recognized at birth because of the associated corneal opacification. Ocular examination reveals anterior segment abnormalities of the cornea, iris, and filtration angle as well as related elevated intraocular pressure. Genetic analysis of a subset of patients with newborn primary congenital glaucoma confirmed its relationship with the less severe infantile form of primary congenital glaucoma, which is characterized by favorable results after goniosurgery. In contrast, goniosurgery was found to have unfavorable results and be less successful compared with trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage tube shunts as initial therapy for newborn primary congenital glaucoma.

Conclusions:

Newborn primary congenital glaucoma is an important subtype of primary congenital glaucoma. It can be differentiated from the more frequent and familiar infantile type by history and careful anterior segment examinations to enable and support appropriate choices for its successful surgical treatment.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:333–341.
Randot Stereoacuity Testing in Young Children
Authors: Kulp Marjean Taylor , Mitchell G. Lynn
Published: April 2020

Objective:

The Randot test is a commonly used stereoacuity test with child-friendly targets; however, little has been published about its use for young children. We sought to determine the completion rate of the Randot test among young children with normal vision and to calculate normative values.

Subjects and Methods:

The Randot stereoacuity test was administered to 264 children whose ages ranged from 3 to 7 years. Because this was an investigation to determine the percentage of children who could complete the Randot test, children who failed a vision screening modified from the Modified Clinical Technique were excluded to minimize confounding factors (ie, a lack of measurable stereopsis due to vision problems rather than inability to understand the test). Completion rates and cumulative percentages were calculated by age.

Results:

A completion rate of 98.5% was found. Median Randot stereoacuities were 100 seconds of arc for the 3-year-old children, 70 seconds of arc for the 4-year-old children, 50 seconds of arc for the 5-year-old children, 40 seconds of arc for the 6-year-old children, and 45 seconds of arc for the 7-year-old children. Kruskal–Wallis testing revealed a significant change in stereoacuity with age (chi-square, 35.55;
df
= 4;
P
< .001), and pairwise comparisons (alpha = 0.05) revealed that the 3- and 4-year-old children were significantly different from the 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old children.

Conclusions:

Randot stereoacuity can be assessed for most preschool children and all young school-aged children. In the absence of significant refractive error, strabismus, or reduced or unequal acuity, most 4-year-old children should have a Randot stereoacuity of 70 seconds of arc or better and most young school-aged children should have a Randot stereoacuity of 50 seconds of arc.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:360–364.
Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data
Authors: Liu Zhihua ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University. Beijing 100875, China, Magal Pierre , Seydi Ousmane , Webb Glenn ,   Université de Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, F-33400 Talence, France,   CNRS, IMB, UMR 5251, F-33400 Talence, France,   Département Tronc Commun, École Polytechnique de Thiès, Sénégal,   Mathematics Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
Published: April 2020

We model the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic in China. We use early reported case data to predict the cumulative number of reported cases to a final size. The key features of our model are the timing of implementation of major public policies restricting social movement, the identification and isolation of unreported cases, and the impact of asymptomatic infectious cases.
Rule Interaction Conversion Operations
Authors: Baković Eric , Blumenfeld Lev
Published: April 2020

Different types of interactions between pairs of phonological rules can be converted into one another using three formal operations that we discuss in this article. One of these conversion operations, rule re-ordering (here called swapping), is well-known; another, flipping, is a more recent finding (Hein et al., 2014). We introduce a third conversion operation that we call cropping. Formal relationships among the members of the set of rule interactions, expanded by cropping beyond the classical four (feeding, bleeding, counterfeeding, and counterbleeding) to include four more (mutual bleeding, seeding, counterseeding, and merger), are identified and clarified. We show that these conversion operations exhaustively delimit the set of possible pairwise rule interactions predicted by conjunctive rule ordering (Chomsky & Halle, 1968), and that each interaction is related to each of the others by the application of at most two conversion operations.
«Aquestos y otros triunfos». Historia de Indias e historia de Europa en la épica cortesiana
Authors: Río Torres-Murciano Antonio
Published: April 2020

La cuestión acerca de la mayor o menor idoneidad de los hechos europeos o americanos como temas de la épica histórica se plantea en la Araucana de Alonso de Ercilla (1569-1589) como una alternativa no satisfactoriamente resuelta, en la medida en que la preeminencia teórica de los primeros entra en conflicto con la preferencia práctica por los segundos. De la necesidad de superar esta incongruencia surgen los nuevos modos de representar la cone­xión entre historia europea e historia indiana propuestos por imitadores de Ercilla como Gabriel Lobo Lasso de la Vega (Mexicana, 1594) y Antonio de Saavedra Guzmán (El pere­grino indiano, 1599).
Agentes legos, saberes letrados y comunicación política: Buenos Aires, principios del siglo XVII
Authors: Amadori Arrigo
Published: April 2020

La comunicación política mantenida por el cabildo de Buenos Aires con la corte revela cierta especialización que excede a la simple interiorización, por parte de unos agentes legos, de una antropología católica y sugiere la necesidad de problematizar el fenómeno de la construcción discursiva en un ámbito marginal del mundo hispánico con escasa presencia de juristas. Este artículo busca poner de manifiesto que dicha circunstancia, vinculada a la presencia de algunos infraletrados durante los dos primeros decenios del siglo XVII, no debe ser naturalizada puesto que su explicación guarda relación con los procesos de integración regional y atlántica en los que participó el puerto y con varios mecanismos concretos que permitieron la disponibilidad de saberes jurídicos a nivel local. Como caso ilustrativo, se analiza la figura de Juan de Vergara, el comerciante porteño más importante del período que, como procurador de la ciudad y especialista en la cultura letrada, argumentó la suplicación de un cuerpo de ordenanzas virreinales del año 1613. Se define un marco de interpretación sobre la construcción de discursos jurídico-políticos, en espacios fundamentalmente legos y durante el período temprano-colonial, que sugiere una visión compleja de la comunicación política y de la integración de estos territorios marginales en el mundo hispánico por medio de su participación en la cultura letrada.
Los correos terrestres de Cartagena de Indias en tiempos de la renta (1768-1810): Itinerarios, cartografía, un «mapa en relación topográfica», GPS y un SIG
Authors: Stangl Werner
Published: April 2020

Este artículo ensaya una reconstrucción de la organización espacial del correo terrestre en el ámbito de la administración principal de correos de Cartagena, instalada en 1768. Se apoya esencialmente en dos informes manuscritos, uno de José Antonio de Pando de aproximadamen­te 1774 y otro anónimo (probablemente de Antonio de Miranda) de 1801. Ambos documentos contienen detallada información sobre la frecuencia de las carreras, los lugares de tránsito, las distancias entre ellos y la calidad de caminos. Usando información complementaria como ca­rreteras actuales, datos GPS y mapas de la época georreferenciados, se reconstruyen las rutas con un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) en un proceso que al mismo tiempo permite ponderar sobre las prácticas de medir y expresar distancias en ese tiempo.
Las razones detrás (de la ausencia) del bandolerismo. El caso de la intendencia de Arequipa a fines del virreinato (1780-1824)
Authors: Belan César
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo analiza las posibles causas que aseguraron la ausencia de bandolerismo en Arequipa en las postrimerías de la presencia hispánica en el Perú, utilizando las fuentes administrativas y criminales existentes. Teniendo como base los cambios en la estructura socio-económica que experimentó la región sur del Perú luego de las reformas borbónicas, se interpreta las causas que explican este fenómeno desde una perspectiva comparada con otras áreas del virreinato. Asimismo, se abordan las perspectivas historiográficas peruanas propuestas respecto al fenómeno del bandidaje —las que abundan en consideraciones de tipo economicista— proponiendo una re-interpretación de estos hechos delictivos desde un enfoque que privilegia el elemento cultural.
A Real-time Mobile Notification System for Inventory Stock out Detection using SIFT and RANSAC
Authors: Merrad Yacine , Hadi Habaebi Mohamed , Islam Md Rafiqul , Gunawan Teddy Surya
Published: April 2020

Object detection and tracking is one of the most relevant computer technologies related to computer vision and image processing. It may mean the detection of an object within a frame and classify it (human, animal, vehicle, building, etc) by the use of some algorithms. It may also be the detection of a reference object within different frames (under different angles, different scales, etc.). The applications of the object detection and tracking are numerous; most of them are in the security field. It is also used in our daily life applications, especially in developing and enhancing business management. Inventory or stock management is one of these applications. It is considered to be an important process in warehousing and storage business because it allows for stock in and stock out products control. The stock-out situation, however, is a very serious issue that can be detrimental to the bottom line of any business. It causes an increased risk of lost sales as well as it leads to reduced customer satisfaction and lowered loyalty levels. On this note, a smart solution for stock-out detection in warehouses is proposed in this paper, to automate the process using inventory management software. The proposed method is a machine learning based real-time notification system using the exciting Scale Invariant Feature Transform feature detector (SIFT) and Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithms. Consequently, the comparative study shows the overall good performance of the system achieving 100% detection accuracy with features’ rich model and 90% detection accuracy with features’ poor model, indicating the viability of the proposed solution.
Usability Evaluation of Mobile Tracking Applications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Saare Murtaja , Hussain Azham Bin , Jasim Osamah Mohammed , Mahdi Alia Ahmed
Published: April 2020

In the recent years, mobile is found to be useful since they allow the user to perform more tasks in a mobile context. However, this usefulness come at the expense of the usability of these devices in some contexts. Thus, usability becomes an important factor in the adoption of mobile applications (such as mobile tracking applications, mobile health and mobile learning), which are often used by people who have problems when using mobile devices and who have a limited experience of technology. It’s critical in the Mobile domain to ensure the success of mobile applications. Despite some studies review usability evaluation, regrettably there are no systematic literature reviews focused on usability evaluation of mobile tracking applications. Consequently, in this study, the researchers strive to present the results of a systematic literature review (SLR) involving the use of usability evaluation techniques in Mobile tracking applications. Based on three research questions, the results indicated that, there are three kinds of the Mobile tracking applications namely: information tracking, location tracking and information and location tracking. In addition, and regard to the techniques used to evaluate the usability, the experimental study was the regularly used in the selected studies. Finally, the results shown that, for characteristics were frequently exploited to measure the usability of mobile tracking application are: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Usefulness and Accurate. This study is valuable for the researchers who need to evaluate the usability for any new mobile application through explored the appropriate methods used to evaluation the usability and indicators required for this purpose.
Statues des dieux, statues des hommes. La mention de statues dans les inscriptions de Gaule Narbonnaise
Authors: Agusta-Boularot Sandrine
Published: April 2020

Cet article recense les mentions de statues dans les inscriptions de Gaule Narbonnaise : elles s’élèvent à 36 mentions sur 34 inscriptions, ce qui est fort peu si l’on songe à la multitude de statues qui peuplaient les espaces publics antiques. Le terme de statua est de loin le plus attesté devant signum  ; imago et simulacrum sont très rares. Aucune des statues mentionnées n’a été conservée. L’étude de cette documentation s’intéresse à la nature des supports et à leur matériau, à leur répartition géographique dans la province et à leur localisation dans l’espace urbain. Ces inscriptions fournissent également des indications sur les sujets représentés (dieux, notables, empereurs), l’origine de leur financement et les mécanismes sociaux qui ont présidé à leur réalisation et à leur mise en place.
Le cénotaphe de Clarensac : un somptueux décor autour de l’épitaphe de M. ATTIVS PATERNVS
Authors: Christol Michel , Terrer Danièle
Published: April 2020

Cet article est consacré à un autel de marbre blanc aux dimensions imposantes et à la riche décoration (CIL XII, 3200) provenant de Clarensac, situé sur le territoire antique de Nîmes. Cet autel ne signalait pas une sépulture, mais un cénotaphe dressé en l’honneur d’un personnage de haut rang, M. Attius Paternus, originaire de la cité de Riez.
Bryo-Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Pandey Saumya , Alam Afroz
Published: April 2020

Because bryophytes are a promising source of a large number of secondary metabolites, they are used efficiently in surgical dressing, herbal medicines, antibiotics, and other pharmaceutical products. The advent of several biotechnological tools and their utilization in the exploitation of pharmaceuticals properties of bryophytes leads to a new era of bryo-pharmaceuticals. Nowadays, the biopharmaceutical productions using moss system are gaining importance over other plant systems because of their unique properties such as predominant haploid gametophytic stage, stable gene integration, efficient secretary signals, and large-scale production in bioreactors. Several researchers have established moss system as safe and efficient for the production of several complex modified recombinant pharmaceuticals under standard conditions. The moss Physcomitrella patens are extensively exploited and commercialized as a production host for production of several recombinant proteins, human growth factors, antibiotics, and its derivatives.
Digital Making
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: April 2020

In the same way there are generic physical “maker spaces,” people may benefit from having access to digital maker spaces to generate various types of contents for sharing. These may involve contents for intercommunications, artful expression, storytelling, socializing, teaching, learning, research, entertainment, social change, political activism, and other endeavors. Expanding digital making may provide channels for human exploration and creativity and social interchanges, while limiting their consumption of common hobbyist physical materials (wood, paper, metals, and other consumables). This work explores some necessary and desirable features of open online studio spaces for digital making.
Counseling Families and Children in Rural Poverty
Authors: Mahr Michele
Published: April 2020

This chapter discusses the unique needs and barriers that families and children living in rural poverty face regarding mental health counseling. It provides a literature review and specific statistics relevant to why this is a significant societal concern. Recommendations, resources, strategies, and techniques are provided for educators and counselors to implement in order to move forward to assist this marginalized population by using a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to assist the families who struggle with emotional, social, and cognitive needs. Once counselors and educators are aware of what defines poverty and the consequences of this global issue, we can move forward to progress towards a proactive and preventative approach to stop the cycle of poverty. Addressing how to decrease the number of families who are negatively affected by the lack of resources, decreased medical access, limited social support, and low self-efficacy may contribute to a better quality of life.
Specialized Educational Leadership for Rural Students Living in Poverty
Authors: Hewitt Kimberly Kappler , Rumley Mark A.
Published: April 2020

To serve students living in rural poverty, school leaders must understand intimately the specific challenges that students face. Equally, leaders must embrace and leverage the funds of knowledge and assets that these students, their families, and their communities offer. While these challenges are complex, honoring and leveraging the strengths of rural communities in economic distress provide a pathway for leaders to transform schools into places where rurality is valued and students excel. The authors examine the context of rural students experiencing poverty, describe the characteristics of and challenges faced by rural school leaders, and identify responsive leadership practices. To conclude, the authors exhort policymakers, researchers, and state and district education leaders to cultivate rural school leaders as agents of change.
Duality in Linear Fractional Programming Under Fuzzy Environment Using Hyperbolic Membership Functions
Authors: Saxena Pratiksha , Jain Ravi
Published: April 2020

A linear fractional programming problem and its dual problem is presented under fuzzy environment. Appropriate fuzzy version of duality results are established using an aspiration level approach. This study uses the hyperbolic membership functions to represent fulfillment of the decision maker's degree of satisfaction in contrast to available literature which relied on linear membership functions/exponential membership functions.
Discovering Cross-Disciplinary Concepts in Multidisciplinary Context Through Collaborative Framework
Authors: Takhom Akkharawoot , Usanavasin Sasiporn , Supnithi Thepchai , Ikeda Mitsuru , Hoppe Heinz Ulrich , Boonkwan Prachya
Published: April 2020

When domain experts try to find a business solution, ambiguous terms arise within the context of discussion in a multidisciplinary research group. Different meanings and relationships with various concepts cause ambiguous semantics. This research aims to address complex business problems in a collaborative research group. This approach presents a collaborative framework based on network text analysis for detecting cross-disciplinary concepts in a multidisciplinary context. The framework recognizes ambiguous concepts (common terms presented in multiple domain knowledge), and these terms are visualized as a network. A case study of sustainable development demonstrates the identification of a set of cross-disciplinary concepts and their relationships across different domains. The main contributions are providing a framework to detect essential concepts that contain the cross-disciplinary concepts and recognize the understanding of multidisciplinary knowledge in the discussion context.
Translating JAKs to Jakinibs
Authors: Gadina Massimo , Chisolm Danielle A. , Philips Rachael L. , McInness Iain B. , Changelian Paul S. , O’Shea John J.
Published: April 2020

The discovery of JAKs and STATs and their roles in cytokine and IFN action represented a significant basic advance and a new paradigm in cell signaling. This was quickly followed by discoveries pointing to their essential functions, including identification of JAK3 mutations as a cause of SCID. This and other findings predicted the use of therapeutically targeting JAKs as a new strategy for treating immune and inflammatory diseases. This now is a reality with seven approved jakinibs being used to treat multiple forms of arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and myeloproliferative neoplasms, and numerous ongoing clinical trials in other settings. This story provides interesting insights into the process of translating basic discoveries and also reveals the need to return to basic work to fill gaps that now become apparent.
Effects of stage-matched repeated individual behavioural counselling session (RIBCS) as an intervention for decreased and stopping smoking
Authors: Chawla Gopal , Kansal Amrit Pal , Deokar Kunal , Abrol Nupur , Chopra Vishal , Ish Pranav , Sharma Vinod , Kumar Naresh , Bhatti Komaldeep
Published: April 2020

We aimed to evaluate the effects of stage-matched repeated individual behavioural counselling (RIBCS) on the basis of the transtheoretical model (TTM) as an intervention to reduce and stop smoking. This study was conducted over a period of one year where all smokers presenting to a chest clinic in a tertiary centre were enrolled, each was classified on the basis of stage of readiness to change and underwent repeated counselling for a period of six months and each session was preceded and succeeded with filling of Fagerstorm test for nicotine dependence. Over the period of a year, 207 patients participated in this study, the mean age was 50.74±14.74 years; mean duration of tobacco use was 29.43±14.72 years; 64.3% were illiterate, 11.6% primary education, 14.1% were matric and while 10.1% were graduate. About 73% of smokers reported high level of nicotine dependence (FTND score >5/10). In the present study mean dependence score was 6.0±1.96; 44 (21.3%) were in pre-contemplation stage, 93 (44.9%) were in contemplation, 57 (27.5%) were in preparation and 13 (6.3%) were in action. The point prevalence excellence rate in follow up-I was 15%, follow up-II was 35.3% and follow up-III was 61.9% which was statistically significant. When we took both abstinence and reduction in smoking behaviour as one, p-value was <0.05. The point prevalence of abstinence rate (questionnaire validated) 1 month to 6 months was almost 4 times. Our intervention (RIBCS) succeeded in increasing the abstinence rates during the study period among smokers with a lower motivation to quit (pre-contemplators and contemplators) as well as those ready to quit (preparators). This is significant because of most existing smoking-cessation interventions target only motivated smokers, with few having a positive effect in smokers with a lower motivation to quit.
Congenital Malformations among Newborns in Morocco: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Elghanmi Adil , Razine Rachid , Jou Mohamed , Berrada Rachid
Published: April 2020

Congenital malformations are one of the leading causes of neonates and infants’ mortality and morbidity. The frequency of these congenital malformations varies in different populations. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations in a tertiary teaching hospital in Rabat, Morocco. This four-year retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2014. All newborns with congenital malformations diagnosed at birth were included. Mothers and newborn characteristics were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. A total of 706 newborns were noted to have congenital malformation. The prevalence rate was 1.02%. The mean maternal age was 28.8±7.2 years. The mean maternal body mass index was 28.1±6.9 kg/m2. 13.3% of the mothers had a history of abortion. The nervous system was the most affected system (19.4%) followed by the musculoskeletal system (14.2%), the chromosomal abnormalities (12.3%) and the genito-urinary system (10.8%). Males newborns (57.9%) had more congenital malformations than females (40.5%). The rates for live-births, fetal asphyxia and stillbirths were 75.2%, 7.2% and 17.3%, respectively. This retrospective study provides recent and detailed data about congenital malformations in a Moroccan region. The result from this study will contribute to the knowledge of congenital malformations in this particular area and hence the supportive preventive policy.
The need for continued decolonisation and Africanisation of ordination in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa
Authors: Williams Donald M. , Bentley Wessel
Published: April 2020

Being the church in Africa requires a continuous self-assessment by Christian denominations, asking whether it is sufficiently contextualised both in its doctrines and practices. This self-critique is essential so as to not perpetuate negative colonial influences in the way churches operate. The Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) has a rich history of challenging itself to become truly instrumental in working towards ‘A Christ-healed Africa for the healing of the nations’. This article explores the history of the MCSA’s engagement with its doctrine and practices of ordination, its journey of decolonisation and its presentation of an emerging Africanised theology of the presbytery.
Failure of the integral Hodge conjecture for threefolds of Kodaira dimension zero
Authors: Benoist Olivier , Ottem John Christian
Published: April 2020

We prove that the product of an Enriques surface and a very general curve of genus at least 1 does not satisfy the integral Hodge conjecture for 1-cycles. This provides the first examples of smooth projective complex threefolds of Kodaira dimension zero for which the integral Hodge conjecture fails, and the first examples of non-algebraic torsion cohomology classes of degree 4 on smooth projective complex threefolds.
Kazhdan constants, continuous probability measures with large Fourier coefficients and rigidity sequences
Authors: Badea Catalin , Grivaux Sophie
Published: April 2020

Exploiting a construction of rigidity sequences for weakly mixing dynamical systems by Fayad and Thouvenot, we show that for every integers

p_{1},\dots,p_{r}

there exists a continuous probability measure

\mu

on the unit circle

\mathbb T

such that

\inf_{k_{1}\ge 0,\dots,k_{r}\ge 0}|\widehat{\mu }(p_{1}^{k_{1}}\dots p_{r}^{k_{r}})| > 0.

This results applies in particular to the Furstenberg set

F=\{2^{k}3^{k'}\,;\,k\ge 0,\ k'\ge 0\}

, and disproves a 1988 conjecture of Lyons inspired by Furstenberg's famous

{}\times 2 \,\text{-} \!{}\times 3

conjecture. We also estimate the modified Kazhdan constant of

F

and obtain general results on rigidity sequences which allow us to retrieve essentially all known examples of such sequences.
On the universality of the Epstein zeta function
Authors: Andersson Johan , Södergren Anders
Published: April 2020

We study universality properties of the Epstein zeta function

E_n(L,s)

for lattices

L

of large dimension

n

and suitable regions of complex numbers

s

. Our main result is that, as

n\to\infty

,

E_n(L,s)

is universal in the right half of the critical strip as

L

varies over all

n

-dimensional lattices

L

. The proof uses a novel combination of an approximation result for Dirichlet polynomials, a recent result on the distribution of lengths of lattice vectors in a random lattice of large dimension and a strong uniform estimate for the error term in the generalized circle problem. Using the same approach we also prove that, as

n\to\infty

,

E_n(L_1,s)-E_n(L_2,s)

is universal in the full half-plane to the right of the critical line as

(L_1,L_2)

varies over all pairs of

n

-dimensional lattices. Finally, we prove a more classical universality result for

E_n(L,s)

in the

s

-variable valid for almost all lattices

L

of dimension

n

. As part of the proof we obtain a strong bound of

E_n(L,s)

on the critical line that is subconvex for

n\geq 5

and almost all

n

-dimensional lattices

L

.
Lipschitz regularity for orthotropic functionals with nonstandard growth conditions
Authors: Bousquet Pierre , Brasco Lorenzo
Published: April 2020

We consider a model convex functional with orthotropic structure and super-quadratic nonstandard growth conditions. We prove that bounded local minimizers are locally Lipschitz, with no restrictions on the ratio between the highest and the lowest growth rates.