bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical phase extractions based on reassigned continuous wavelet transform with application to simultaneous displacement and velocity measurement
Authors: Sur Amit , Joshi K. D. , Sharma Archana , Kaushik T. C.
Published: January 2020

Instantaneous frequency extraction of a highly nonstationary optical interferometric fringe signal using continuous wavelet transform with Morlet wavelet often fails in the neighborhood of the null phase gradient. The present work reports that the optimal selection of the central frequency and time variance of the Morlet wavelet reduces the spread of wavelet energy to its adjacent bins, and the reassignment technique further sharpens the energy density and enhances accuracy of the extracted instantaneous frequency of the fringe signal. The developed algorithm is applied to a sinusoidal frequency-modulated fringe signal for which the mean square error percentage in normalized instantaneous frequency is determined to be 0.0032 Hz, which is significantly less than 0.0507 Hz obtained with a conventional continuous wavelet transform. Results are also compared with the existing phase stepping technique and found to be more accurate and free from any ripple like nonlinear error for sinusoidal fringe signals. The proposed technique is applied to a fringe signal obtained with a Michelson interferometer, generating displacement profiles that show advantages over those produced by the phase stepping technique. The applicability of the proposed technique is further extended to an arbitrary phase signal.
Explicit examples of Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds in genus one
Authors: Cutimanco Miguel , Shramchenko Vasilisa
Published: January 2020

We provide three new solutions to the Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde (WDVV) equations by computing examples of prepotentials of Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds, their deformations, and real doubles. By applying the general formalism to two families of elliptic curves, we obtain solutions to the WDVV system depending on four and eight variables. We also correct mistakes in previously known solutions in dimensions four and six associated with the same families of curves.
Artificial synaptic transistor with solution processed InOx channel and AlOx solid electrolyte gate
Authors: Liang Xiaoci , Li Zhenwen , Liu Ling , Chen Shujian , Wang Xinzhong , Pei Yanli
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, three-terminal transistor-based artificial synapses are proposed that are simply constructed with a solution-processed InOx channel and AlOx electrolyte gate. Paired pulse facilitation and short-term potentiation (STP) are realized and modulated by adjusting the amplitude, duration, and interval time of the spiking pulses. Furthermore, the STP is transferred to long-term potentiation (LTP) by increasing the pulse amplitude and number. In addition, spike-timing-dependent plasticity is demonstrated. The high density hydrogen in low temperature processed AlOx is adsorbed on InOx electrostatically or electrochemically, which plays a role in synaptic behaviors. This study provides useful information to understand neuromorphic devices based on solution processed oxide dielectrics and oxide semiconductors.
A neural-network-based hysteresis model for piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Ma Lianwei , Shen Yu , Li Jinrong
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a new neural network based hysteresis model is presented. First of all, a variable-order hysteretic operator (VOHO) is proposed via the characteristics of the motion point trajectory. Based on the VOHO, a basic hysteresis model (BHM) is constructed. Next, the input space is expanded from one-dimension to two-dimension based on the BHM so that the method of neural networks can be used to approximate the mapping between the expanded input space and the output space. Finally, three experiments involved with a piezoelectric actuator were implemented to validate the neural hysteresis model. The results of the experiments suggest that the proposed approach is effective.
Short wavelength ion temperature gradient mode in tokamak plasmas with hollow density profiles
Authors: Du Huarong , Dong J. Q. , Liu J. Y. , Wang Z. X.
Published: January 2020

By the gyrokinetic integral eigenmode equation, we numerically investigate the short-wavelength ion-temperature-gradient (SWITG) mode in tokamak plasmas with hollow density profiles. This paper finds that the critical ion temperature gradient (ITG) R/LTiC exists for the hollow density profile. Over such a gradient, the SWITG mode is unstable. The R/LTiC for a hollow density profile is slightly lower than that for a peaked density profile, though far away from the threshold, the mode in the latter case is more unstable. Furthermore, the scaling of the ITG threshold increasing with ion-to-electron temperature ratio Ti/Te has been calculated, suggesting that the SWITG mode is more difficult to excite in hot ion plasmas as compared with that in hot electron plasmas. For the slightly hollow density profiles, it is shown that in the case of flat (peaked) electron temperature profiles, the SWITG modes are destabilized (stabilized) by the trapped electrons. For the steep hollow density profiles, however, the trapped electrons reduce the growth rate substantially, and thus, the SWITG stability threshold is raised significantly. In addition, the dependence of the threshold on local plasma parameters is analyzed in detail. It is found that the SWITG modes become more unstable for the high safety factor, small Larmor radius, weak magnetic shear, and high electron-to-ion temperature ratio.
Development of neutron activation system on EAST
Authors: Li Kai , Hu Liqun , Zhong Guoqiang , Zhou Ruijie , Cao Hongrui , Xiao Min , Hong Bing
Published: January 2020

A neutron activation system (NAS) has been developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) for the investigation of time-integrated neutron yield. It is a robust neutron diagnostic with high precision and a wide dynamic range. Some high purity materials with a proper nuclear reaction energy threshold and cross section are tested as neutron detectors in the NAS, and they are delivered to the tokamak device by a pneumatic transfer system. The length of the pneumatic pipeline is about 50 m, and the transfer time ranges from 10 s to 20 s. The decay gamma rays of the activated samples are measured with a high-purity germanium spectrometer, and its detection efficiencies are 6.9% at 336 keV and 1.7% at 1779 keV, respectively. Indium and silicon samples with a reaction threshold of 0.3 MeV and 4.0 MeV, respectively, were successfully implemented in the diagnosis of DD and DT neutron yield in the EAST. The neutron flux of the NAS was compared with the count of the fission chamber in the EAST neutral beam injection experiment, and the DD neutron yield evaluated by the NAS ranges from 1.9 × 1012 n/shot to 5.9 × 1014 n/shot during recent experimental campaign.
In vitro investigations of red blood cell phase separation in a complex microchannel network
Authors: Mantegazza A. , Clavica F. , Obrist D.
Published: January 2020

Microvascular networks feature a complex topology with multiple bifurcating vessels. Nonuniform partitioning (phase separation) of red blood cells (RBCs) occurs at diverging bifurcations, leading to a heterogeneous RBC distribution that ultimately affects the oxygen delivery to living tissues. Our understanding of the mechanisms governing RBC heterogeneity is still limited, especially in large networks where the RBC dynamics can be nonintuitive. In this study, our quantitative data for phase separation were obtained in a complex in vitro network with symmetric bifurcations and 176 microchannels. Our experiments showed that the hematocrit is heterogeneously distributed and confirmed the classical result that the branch with a higher blood fraction received an even higher RBC fraction (classical partitioning). An inversion of this classical phase separation (reverse partitioning) was observed in the case of a skewed hematocrit profile in the parent vessels of bifurcations. In agreement with a recent computational study [P. Balogh and P. Bagchi, Phys. Fluids 30,051902 (2018)], a correlation between the RBC reverse partitioning and the skewness of the hematocrit profile due to sequential converging and diverging bifurcations was reported. A flow threshold below which no RBCs enter a branch was identified. These results highlight the importance of considering the RBC flow history and the local RBC distribution to correctly describe the RBC phase separation in complex networks.
Filament-assisted mode conversion in magnetized plasmas
Authors: Tierens W. , Zhang W. , Myra J. R. ,   EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: January 2020

At density filaments in magnetized plasmas, electromagnetic waves are guided along the filament (“wave-filament bound states”). Several wave-filament bound states exist beyond those predicted by Myra and D'Ippolito [Phys. Plasmas 17, 102510 (2010)]. The new bound states occur under experimentally relevant conditions and are especially common under typical NSTX conditions, where they are a plausible mechanism for the experimentally observed power losses in the edge plasma.
Unstable spectra of the tearing modes in a triple current sheet configuration with sub-Alfvénic shear flows
Authors: Wei L. , Yu F. , Wang Z. X.
Published: January 2020

Effects of sub-Alfvénic shear flows on the complicated properties of three types of unstable eigenmodes, namely, coupled triple tearing mode (M1), coupled double tearing mode (M2), and three single tearing modes (M3), in a triple current sheet configuration are studied by means of an eigenvalue analysis. It is identified that the difference of velocity among three resonant surfaces rather than the local flow shear rate plays the more important role in the three types of eigenmodes. Thus, it is found that for the symmetric shear flow (SSF), the growth rate of the M1/M3 mode decreases/increases with the increasing strength of the shear flow, while the growth rate of the M2 mode is almost uninfluenced by SSF. For the antisymmetric shear flow (ASF), it is interestingly observed that in the small wavenumber regime, the M1 and M2 modes degenerate into similar eigenmode states with the same growth rate and opposite traveling frequencies. In the large wavenumber regime, the M2 and M3 modes degenerate into similar eigenmode states. Moreover, for both SSF and ASF, the growth rates of the three types of modes are almost the same in the small and large wavenumber limits.
Measuring similarity in co-occurrence data using ego-networks
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Ran Yijun , Jia Tao
Published: January 2020

The co-occurrence association is widely observed in many empirical data. Mining the information in co-occurrence data is essential for advancing our understanding of systems such as social networks, ecosystems, and brain networks. Measuring similarity of entities is one of the important tasks, which can usually be achieved using a network-based approach. Here, we show that traditional methods based on the aggregated network can bring unwanted indirect relationships. To cope with this issue, we propose a similarity measure based on the ego network of each entity, which effectively considers the change of an entity’s centrality from one ego network to another. The index proposed is easy to calculate and has a clear physical meaning. Using two different data sets, we compare the new index with other existing ones. We find that the new index outperforms the traditional network-based similarity measures, and it can sometimes surpass the embedding method. In the meanwhile, the measure by the new index is weakly correlated with those by other methods, hence providing a different dimension to quantify similarities in co-occurrence data. Altogether, our work makes an extension in the network-based similarity measure and can be potentially applied in several related tasks.
Evolution of the flow structures in an elevated jet in crossflow
Authors: Behera Sachidananda , Saha Arun K.
Published: January 2020

The characteristic flow features of an elevated square jet in crossflow (EJICF) are studied numerically using large eddy simulation. The effect of jet to crossflow velocity ratio, also called velocity ratio (VR), on the flow field of an elevated jet in crossflow (EJICF) is investigated. All the computations are carried out at a Reynolds number (Re) of 20 000, based on the outer width of the stack (d) and free stream crossflow velocity (U∞), for four different velocity ratios (VR), namely, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The stack used in this study has an aspect ratio h/d = 7. The shear-improved Smagorinsky model has been used to account for the subgrid scale stress while solving the filtered three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. The modes of shedding in the stack wake are analyzed using both instantaneous and phase-averaged data. It is found that at a low jet to crossflow velocity ratio (VR = 0.5), the stack wake exhibits two different modes of shedding, symmetric and antisymmetric, similar to the wake of a wall mounted finite-size cylinder. At higher velocity ratios (VR ≥ 1), the stack wake shows the presence of only antisymmetric modes of shedding. It is also found that velocity ratio (VR) has a profound effect on the source of vorticity of the jet shear layer structures near the upwind side. At VR = 0.5, the upstream sides of the jet shear layer structures are found to draw their vortices from the outer surface of the stack boundary layer. At higher VR, they seem to be fed by the vorticity of the boundary layer developed on the inner wall surface of the stack. Both jet vortices and stack wake vortices are found to be present in the jet wake, and the shedding frequency of both the jet wake and the stack wake is found to be same. The spatial evolution of the counter-rotating vortex pair in the case of an EJICF is found to be similar to that of a JICF.
Electrospray deposition tool: Creating compositionally gradient libraries of nanomaterials
Authors: Toth Kristof , Osuji Chinedum O. , Yager Kevin G. , Doerk Gregory S.
Published: January 2020

Electrospray deposition (ESD) enables the growth of solution deposited thin films in a precise and continuous manner by the delivery of submicron droplets of dilute solutions to a heated substrate. By combining ESD with programmable motor control and gradient solution pumping in a first-of-its-kind user tool at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory, we show the ability to create one or two dimensional compositional gradient nanoscale films via ESD. These capabilities make it possible to construct thin film multicomponent “libraries” on a single substrate to rapidly and systematically characterize composition-dependent properties in a variety of material systems such as thin films involving homopolymer and block copolymer blends. We report the design, construction, and validation of a gradient ESD tool that allows users to carefully control the jet stability, flow composition, spray position, and substrate temperature. Calibrated thin films range in thickness from tens to hundreds of nanometers. We demonstrate gradient thin films using a ternary dye triangle as well as a gradual blending of polystyrene homopolymer with poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) on a single substrate. Paired with the rapid measurement capabilities of synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering, this tool forms an integral part of a new platform for high-throughput, autonomous characterization and design of nanomaterial thin films and soft materials more generally.
(3 + 1)-Dimensional cylindrical Korteweg-de Vries equation in a self-gravitating degenerate quantum plasma system
Authors: Mannan A. , Dohnal T.
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional degenerate pressure driven self-gravito-acoustic solitary waves (SGASWs) in a general (but realistic) self-gravitating degenerate quantum plasma (SGDQP) medium consisting of noninertial degenerate electron and inertial degenerate heavy and light ions/nuclei/elements are studied. The reductive perturbation method, which is valid for small but finite amplitude SGASWs, is employed to derive the (3 + 1)-dimensional cylindrical Korteweg-de-Vries equation (also known as the cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation) which admits a solitary wave solution. Two modes, namely, slow and fast are observed corresponding to different phase velocities. Both compressive (positive) and rarefactive (negative) SGASWs are found to exist in the SGDQP system for fast and slow modes. It has been shown that the presence of both degenerate light and heavy nuclei modifies the nature of SGASWs and allows both compressive and rarefactive SGASWs to exist in such a SGDQP medium. Moreover, the effects of the physical parameters on the SGASWs are discussed. The implication of our results for space and laboratory plasmas is briefly discussed.
Field driven recovery of the collective spin dynamics of the chiral soliton lattice
Authors: Goncalves F. J. T. , Shimamoto Y. , Sogo T. , Paterson G. W. , Kousaka Y. , Togawa Y.
Published: January 2020

We investigate the magnetic field dependence of the spin excitation spectra of the chiral soliton lattice (CSL) in the helimagnet CrNb3S6, by means of microwave resonance spectroscopy. The CSL is a prototype of a noncollinear spin system that forms periodically over a macroscopic length scale. Following the field initialization of the CSL, we found three collective resonance modes over an exceptionally wide frequency range. Upon further reducing the magnetic field toward 0 T, the spectral weight of these collective modes was disrupted by the emergence of additional resonances whose Kittel-like field dependence was linked to coexisting field polarized magnetic domains. The collective behavior at a macroscopic level was only recovered upon reaching the helical magnetic state at 0 T. The magnetic history of this noncollinear spin system can be utilized to control microwave absorption, with potential use in magnon-driven devices.
Study on the dependence with the filling level of the sloshing wave pattern in a rectangular tank
Authors: Núñez Aedo Jonathan , Cruchaga Marcela , Castillo del Barrio Ernesto
Published: January 2020

This work presents a study of the influence of the filling level on the wave pattern during a sloshing problem. To this end, a rectangular tank of aspect ratio 2:1 is mounted on a shake table subject to controlled external motions. A frequency sweep analysis is performed nearest to the primary resonance frequency using two different amplitudes of imposed motion and different water depths. The wave evolution is registered at certain control points. In particular, this work is devoted to identifying the effect of the filling level on the dynamics of the wave patterns, emphasizing the nonlinearities of the free surface and their dependence on the water depth. The free surface measurements are compared with those obtained from a fixed mesh finite element simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. The free surface is tracked using a Lagrangian technique. The effect of the bottom boundary conditions on the wave pattern is also evaluated from these simulations. From the experiments, it is confirmed that maximum and minimum wave heights do not change for larger water depth, i.e., when deep water conditions are fulfilled. This fact is also reflected by the numerical results. The computed wave evolution satisfactorily matches the experimental data. In addition, analytical solutions obtained using a potential flow approach are also evaluated. They fail in the description of nonlinear responses, but their coefficients can be numerically or experimentally characterized to fit more realistic solutions.
Femtochemistry under scrutiny: Clocking state-resolved channels in the photodissociation of CH3I in the A-band
Authors: Murillo-Sánchez Marta L. , González-Vázquez Jesús , Corrales María E. , de Nalda Rebeca , Martínez-Núñez Emilio , García-Vela Alberto , Bañares Luis
Published: January 2020

Clocking of electronically and vibrationally state-resolved channels of the fast photodissociation of CH3I in the A-band is re-examined in a combined experimental and theoretical study. Experimentally, a femtosecond pump-probe scheme is employed in the modality of resonant probing by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of the methyl fragment in different vibrational states and detection through fragment velocity map ion (VMI) imaging as a function of the time delay. We revisit excitation to the center of the A-band at 268 nm and report new results for excitation to the blue of the band center at 243 nm. Theoretically, two approaches have been employed to shed light into the observations: first, a reduced dimensionality 4D nonadiabatic wavepacket calculation using the potential energy surfaces by Xie et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 104, 1009 (2000)]; and second, a full dimension 9D trajectory surface-hopping calculation on the same potential energy surfaces, including the quantization of vibrational states of the methyl product. In addition, high level ab initio electronic structure calculations have been carried out to describe the CH3 3pz Rydberg state involved in the (2 + 1) REMPI probing process, as a function of the carbon-iodine (C–I) distance. A general qualitative agreement is obtained between experiment and theory, but the effect of methyl vibrational excitation in the umbrella mode on the clocking times is not well reproduced. The theoretical results reveal that no significant effect on the state-resolved appearance times is exerted by the nonadiabatic crossing through the conical intersection present in the first absorption band. The vibrationally state resolved clocking times observed experimentally can be rationalized when the (2 + 1) REMPI probing process is considered. None of the other probing methods applied thus far, i.e., multiphoton ionization photoelectron spectroscopy, soft X-ray inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy, VUV single-photon ionization, and XUV core-to-valence transient absorption spectroscopy, have been able to provide quantum state-resolved (vibrational) clocking times. More experiments would be needed to disentangle the fine details in the clocking times and dissociation dynamics arising from the detection of specific quantum-states of the molecular fragments.
Green’s function coupled cluster simulation of the near-valence ionizations of DNA-fragments
Authors: Peng Bo , Kowalski Karol , Panyala Ajay , Krishnamoorthy Sriram
Published: January 2020

Accurate description of the ionization process in DNA is crucial to the understanding of the DNA damage under exposure to ionizing radiation and the exploration of the potential application of DNA strands in nanoelectronics. In this work, by employing our recently developed Green’s function coupled-cluster library on supercomputing facilities, we have studied the spectral functions of several guanine–cytosine (G–C) base pair structures ([G–C]n, n = 1–3) for the first time in a relatively broad near-valence regime ([−25.0, −5.0] eV) in the coupled-cluster with singles and doubles level. Our focus is to give a preliminary many-body coupled-cluster understanding and guideline of the vertical ionization energy (VIE), spectral profile, and ionization feature changes of these systems as the system size expands in this near-valence regime. The results show that, as the system size expands, even though the lowest VIEs keep decreasing, the changes of spectral function profile and the relative peak positions get unexpectedly smaller. Further analysis of the ionized states associated with the most intensive peak in the spectral functions reveals non-negligible |2h, 1p⟩’s in the ionized wave functions of the considered G–C base pair systems. The leading |2h, 1p⟩’s associated with the main ionizations from the cytosine part of the G–C base pairs feature a transition from the intra-base-pair cytosine π → π* excitation to the inter-base-pair electron excitation as the size of G–C base pairs expands, which also indicates the minimum quantum region in the many-body calculations of DNA systems.
Sustainability of antimicrobial stewardship programs in Australian rural hospitals: a qualitative study
Authors: Bishop Jaclyn L. , Schulz Thomas R. , Kong David C. M. , Buising Kirsty L.
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the features of sustainable antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs in Australian rural hospitals and develop recommendations on incorporating these features into rural hospitals’ AMS programs.
MethodsLead AMS clinicians with knowledge of at least one AMS program sustained for >2 years in a health service in rural Australia were recruited to the study. A series of interviews was conducted and the transcripts analysed thematically using a framework method.
ResultsFifteen participants from various professional disciplines were interviewed. Key features that positively affected the sustainability of AMS programs in rural hospitals included a hospital executive who provided strong governance and accountability, dedicated resources, passionate local champions, area-wide arrangements and adaptability to engage in new partnerships. Challenges to building AMS programs with these features were identified, particularly in engaging hospital executive to allocate AMS resources, managing the burn out of passionate champions and formalising network arrangements.
ConclusionsStrategies to increase the sustainability of AMS programs in rural hospitals include using accreditation as a mechanism to drive direct resource allocation, explicit staffing recommendations for rural hospitals, greater support to develop formal network arrangements and a framework for integrated AMS programs across primary, aged and acute care.
What is known about the topic?AMS programs facilitate the responsible use of antimicrobials. Implementation challenges have been identified for rural hospitals, but the sustainability of AMS programs has not been explored.
What does this paper add?Factors that positively affected the sustainability of AMS programs in rural hospitals were a hospital executive that provided strong governance and accountability, dedicated resources, network or area-wide arrangements and adaptability. Challenges to building AMS programs with these features were identified.
What are the implications for practitioners?Recommended actions to boost the sustainability of AMS programs in rural hospitals are required. These include using accreditation as a mechanism to drive direct resource allocation, explicit staffing recommendations for rural hospitals, greater support to develop network arrangements and support to create integrated AMS programs across acute, aged and primary care.
Superconducting and pseudogap transition temperatures in high-Tc cuprates and the Tc dependence on pressure
Authors: Marino E C , Corrêa Reginaldo O , Arouca R , Nunes Lizardo H C M , Alves Van Sérgio
Published: January 2020

We derive universal analytic expressions for the critical temperatures of the superconducting (SC) and pseudogap (PG) transitions of the high-Tc
cuprates as a function of doping. These are in excellent agreement with the experimental data both for single-layered materials such as LSCO, Bi2201 and Hg1201 and multi-layered ones, such as Bi2212, Bi2223, Hg1212 and Hg1223. Optimal doping occurs when the chemical potential vanishes. We show that the SC coupling is enhanced with the number of layers, N, which allows for an accurate description of Tc in the Bi, Hg and Tl multi-layered families of cuprates. We also study the pressure dependence of the SC transition temperatures, obtaining excellent agreement with the experimental data for different materials and dopings. These results are obtained from an effective Hamiltonian for the itinerant oxygen holes, which includes both the electric repulsion between them and their magnetic interactions with the localized copper ions. We show that the former interaction is responsible for the PG and the latter, for the SC phases, the phase diagram of cuprates resulting from the competition between both. The Hamiltonian is defined on a bipartite oxygen lattice, which results from the fact that only the p

x
and p

y
oxygen orbitals alternatively hybridize with the 3d copper orbitals. From this, we can provide an unified explanation for the

d

x

2

−

y

2

symmetry of both the SC and PG order parameters and obtain the Fermi pockets observed in ARPES experiments.
Flux jumps in ring-shaped and assembled bulk superconductors during pulsed field magnetization
Authors: Zhou Difan , Shi Yunhua , Dennis Anthony R , Cardwell David A , Durrell John H
Published: January 2020

Bulk (RE)BCO, where RE is a rare-earth element or yttrium, superconductors fabricated in the form of rings are potentially useful for a variety of solenoidal-type applications, such as small, high field nuclear magnetic resonance and electromagnetic undulators. It is anticipated that the practical exploitation of these technologically important materials will involve pulse field magnetization (PFM) and, consequently, it is important to understand the behavior of ring-shaped samples subjected to the PFM process. Macroscopic flux jumps were observed in PFM experiments on ring-shaped bulk samples when the peak applied field reaches a threshold magnitude, similar to behavior reported previously in cylindrical samples. Magnetic flux jumps inward when the thermal instability is triggered, however it subsequently flows outwards from the sample, resulting in a relatively low trapped field. This behavior is attributed to a variety of effects, including the inhomogeneity of the material, which may lead to the formation of localized hot spots during the PFM process. In order to further elucidate this phenomena, the properties of a structure consisting of a bulk superconducting ring with a cylindrical superconductor core were studied. We observe that, although a flux jump occurs consistently in the ring, a critical state is established at the boundary of the ring-shaped sample and the core. We provide a detailed account of these experimental observations and provide an explanation in terms of the current understanding of the PFM process.
Piston crank mechanism simulation using finite element method
Authors: Miklos I Zs , Miklos C C , Alic C I
Published: January 2020

In this paper we present the analysis of the piston crank mechanism, using the finite element method using mechanical event simulation (MES). Mechanical event simulation is a modern process of modeling and analysis of mechanical systems, much different from the classical methods known in mechanical engineering. The use of MES involves a combination of kinematics of mechanical systems, dynamics of rigid bodies, respectively nonlinear stress analysis. So, mechanical event simulation is engineering by simulating a physical event in a virtual laboratory. The crank-piston mechanism analysis has been achieved with the Simulation Mechanical program, which aimed to determine the stress state, nodal displacement or relative elongations (strains) of mechanism elements, at different time steps of the kinematic cycle, depending on the kinematic and kinetostatic parameters variable according to different curves.
Control and monitoring of multi-disc comminution process
Authors: Kruszelnicka W , Tomporowski A , Flizikowski J , Kasner R
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the issues of intelligent, based on genetic algorithms, systems for grinding of grainy biomass to be used for further energy production processes. The aim of the study is to develop the basis for processing, active monitoring and subsequently, adaptive control of the process functional characteristics on the basis of solutions provided by artificial intelligence and identification of input variables of mathematical models and indexes, their mutual relations as well as their impact on the output variables such as: degree of fineness, production yield, power demand and unit energy consumption as well as CO2 emissions. A research methodology for practical control of the grinding potentials to improve the parameters of the multi disc grinding process parameters including: energy and power consumption, the product granulometry and the process efficiency improvement; CO2 emission index being a determinant of environmental efficiency has been developed. Parameters providing the grinding process with best possible conditions in terms of energy efficiency and emissivity, depending on the kind of the feed material, have been determined
Fuzzy decision system with a single variable parameter used in the intelligent control of the processes
Authors: Tirian G O , Chioncel C P , Holubeck R , Cinkar K
Published: January 2020

Based on the results obtained from the fuzzy systems presented in other published articles, a simplified fuzzy system was made, which was considered as the main factor the temperature difference. In this paper, another type of fuzzy system (single input and two outputs) has been developed and tested using the fuzzy toolbox in Matlab for viewing the resulting graphs and comparing them with the graphs resulting from the other types systems has come to the conclusion that the optimal solution is this fuzzy system with one input and two outputs.
Numerical research of thermal stress in a gas burner with a cylindrical mantle in relation to its construction
Authors: Prochaska B , Radić N , Gvero P
Published: January 2020

Over the last few years there has been a great interest in research into the improvement of gas condensing boilers with pre-mixing. Many researchers are concerned with the improvement of the construction of these boilers, whose individual parts directly affect some parameters such as combustion efficiency, burning intensity, flame stability and NOx emissions. The outer mantle of a cylindrical burner stands out among the parts of the structure as the said parameters depend on it This paper analyses the outer cylinder of the premixed burner in relation to thermal stress. Numerical FEM analysis was performed based on experimental measurements and CFD input data. The tests were carried out in different gas and different materials. The results obtained show different thermal stresses which are dependent on the different gas and materials on the outer cylindrical mantle. This indicates the necessity to optimize materials and patterns applied to the outer cylindrical mantle of the burner, which will be the subject of further research.
Study about wear of wheel’s bandage for C.F.R. 060 - EA 5100kW electric locomotive at circulation in curve with R = 300 m radius
Authors: Ursu-Neamţ G V
Published: January 2020

In this paper we study wear of lead wheels bandage for C.F.R. 060-EA 5100 kW at dynamic circulation in curve with 300 m radius. This study show how variation of wear factor is for lead wheels towards its admitted value on speed domain from 0 km/h until maximum speed of this locomotive in curve with articulated bogies. Among this it is also determined maximum admitted speed in curve impose by Technical Exploitation Regulation.
Influence of heating and moisture content on sludge drying process
Authors: Flori M , Miloştean D
Published: January 2020

Drying is one of the most efficient processes to reduce sludge volume by lowering moisture content. Vacuum filters are equipment suitable for sludge drying in small wastewater treatment plants. It is known that by reducing pressure in the filter, the vaporization process begins at lower temperature. The aim of this study is to estimate the values of liquid (free water) and gaseous (air) phase ratios in sludge cake during vacuum drying. Numerical results in function of heating temperature and cake initial moisture content are estimated by finite element analysis in a central point situated on cake surface.
Harnessing technology for mitigating water woes in the city of Bengaluru
Authors: Iyer L S , Giri S V
Published: January 2020

Industrialization has caused most of the world’s environmental problems like climate change, water security issues, biodiversity issues among others. Water-related issues like water scarcity, lack of water quality, water sanitation issues, lack of proper water resources management are some of them. Urbanization, population increase, pollution has led to an increase in water demand. Water being the elixir of life, is essential for the day-to-day living of an individual. The Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies like AI, IoT, Blockchain, Machine Learning have the capability of bringing solutions to these issues. The current study focuses on the water woes of Bengaluru, a fast-growing urban city, due to its migrating population. The woes are also due to the irresponsible behaviour of builders converting lakes into real estate infrastructure leading to clogged drains, excess sewage creation and flooding. A huge mismatch between demand and supply of water is created due to these issues. Before the city hits the Day Zero – no water day, it is significant to set up water infrastructure along with technology implementation which will help resolve this burning issue at the earliest.
Optimal Secret Text Compression Technique for Steganographic Encoding by Dynamic Ranking Algorithm
Authors: Jayapandiyan Jagan Raj , Kavitha C. , Sakthivel K.
Published: January 2020

In this research work, proposing an algorithm, which dynamically selects the best compression algorithms among several compression techniques for steganography encoding. Ranking and selection of best algorithm for each and every steganographic transaction is based on several factors like type of cover image being used for the transmission, length of the secret message, type of the message, compression ratio of the secret message being shared, encoding ratio of secret message over the medium etc., The proposed algorithm dynamically ranks and selects the right compression algorithm to be used for the given secret file to occupy lesser embedding space in stego-image.
Priority Intensed Meta Task Scheduling Algorithm for Multi Cloud Environment (PIMTSA)
Authors: Shanthan BJ. Hubert , Arockiam L. , Donald A. Cecil , Vinoth Kumar A.Dalvin , Stephen R.
Published: January 2020

Cloud Computing plays a momentous role for the speedy computation and provides resources to the user on-demand. The conventional single cloud has assorted number of confrontations and they are named as vendor lock-in, resource un-availability, latency, etc. To resolve these conflicts, multi cloud computing is utilized to provide heterogeneous services to the cloud users on demand. Task scheduling is a mechanism used to assign user requests to the cloud server. The proposed PIMTSA algorithm works well for the independent batch of tasks in the static environment. The algorithm is constituted to miniaturize the makespan of the multi cloud systems. It is designed for the batch mode offline multi cloud systems. The priority based approach works to cater the needs of the cloud user. High priority and low priority tasks are the two different priority levels defined by the user. High priority tasks are given more importance and are executed in the high speed VM with minimum completion time. But, the High priority tasks with maximum execution time are given more priority. After the execution of the high priority tasks, the low priority tasks with minimum execution time are allocated to VMs with minimum completion time in the clouds. This algorithm provides a high reliable and scalable computing service to the user with minimum time. In future this work can be extended for dynamic multi cloud environment.
Machine learning algorithms for prediction of dyslexia using eye movement
Authors: Chakraborty Vani , Sundaram Meentachi
Published: January 2020

Dyslexia is the most widely recognized neurological learning disability. It causes trouble in perusing, composing and spelling. All these can influence scholastic achievement, confidence, and social-emotional development. As roughly 10% of the individuals worldwide are dyslexic, it is a worry of numerous youngsters and grown-ups far and wide. Figuring out how to help the lives of a dyslexic would be of incredible advantage to entire social orders. Studies have demonstrated that the earlier dyslexia is recognized and backing is given in education and training, the more its negative impacts can be alleviated. Subsequently, building up a solid and target screening technique to analyze dyslexia at an early age would be of most extreme significance.
DeepCropNet: a deep spatial-temporal learning framework for county-level corn yield estimation
Authors: Lin Tao , Zhong Renhai , Wang Yudi , Xu Jinfan , Jiang Hao , Xu Jialu , Ying Yibin , Rodriguez Luis , Ting K C , Li Haifeng
Published: January 2020

Large-scale crop yield estimation is critical for understanding the dynamics of global food security. Understanding and quantifying the temporal cumulative effect of crop growth and spatial variances across different regions remains challenging for large-scale crop yield estimation. In this study, a deep spatial-temporal learning framework, named DeepCropNet (DCN), has been developed to hierarchically capture the features for county-level corn yield estimation. The temporal features are learned by an attention-based long short-term memory network and the spatial features are learned by the multi-task learning (MTL) output layers. The DCN model has been applied to quantify the relationship between meteorological factors and the county-level corn yield in the US Corn Belt from 1981 to 2016. Three meteorological factors, including growing degree days, killing degree days, and precipitation, are used as time-series inputs. The results show that DCN provides an improved estimation accuracy (RMSE = 0.82 Mg ha−1) as compared to that of conventional methods such as LASSO (RMSE = 1.14 Mg ha−1) and Random Forest (RMSE = 1.05 Mg ha−1). Temporally, the attention values computed from the temporal learning module indicate that DCN captures the temporal cumulative effect and this temporal pattern is consistent across all states. Spatially, the spatial learning module improves the estimation accuracy based on the regional specific features captured by the MTL mechanism. The study highlights that the DCN model provides a promising spatial-temporal learning framework for corn yield estimation under changing meteorological conditions across large spatial regions.
ENSO-driven reverse coupling in interannual variability of pantropical water availability and global atmospheric CO2 growth rate
Authors: Zhang Anzhi , Jia Gensuo
Published: January 2020

The large interannual variability of global atmospheric CO2 growth rate originates primarily from variation in carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake of pantropical terrestrial ecosystems, which covaries with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulated climate fluctuations of water availability and temperature change. However, the role of ENSO in modulating the contributions of regional to overall water availability interannual variability, and the phase and strength of water availability-CO2 coupling remain poorly constrained across functionally diverse pantropical terrestrial ecosystems. Using satellite microwave and ground water availability and well-mixed global atmospheric CO2 concentration observations, the coupling in interannual variability of water availability-CO2 and their relationship with ENSO was investigated from 1998 to 2016. The results demonstrated causal sequence of ENSO, water availability, and global atmospheric CO2 growth rate, the phase and magnitude of water availability-CO2 coupling was primarily determined by phase and strength of correlation between ENSO and water availability, revealing ENSO-driven robust and reverse coupling of water availability-CO2. Moreover, tropical rainforests, savannas, and shrublands dominated the pantropical water availability variations and showed stronger coupling strength. Therefore, the strong interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 growth rate originates from ENSO-driven frequent variations of water availability and the subsequently concurrent carbon uptake over pantropical rainforests, savannas, and shrublands. The findings provided new insights to understand and predict interannual variability of water availability and CO2 growth rate based on ENSO and its predictability.
Challenges for Community Based Rural Tourism Continuity and Resilience in Disaster Prone Area: The Case of Mesilou, Sabah
Authors: Kamarudin K H , Wahid S N A , Chong N O
Published: January 2020

There is no doubt that the tourism sector has become one of the major contributors to development and considered as agent of change for many parts of the world. The strengths of tourism (or community based rural tourism, CBRT in this context) are described in various forms; as a tool in economic and physical development and as means to enhance the social and human capital development and conservation of natural environment. In rural areas especially in developing countries, tourism development had been eagerly embraced as a panacea for revitalising the rural economy, hence many government agencies, particularly tourism-related bodies, have also invested heavily to promote more sustainable forms of community-based tourism in rural areas. Under normal situation i.e. where CBRT is operated outside disaster prone areas or with notion of less considerations on reducing disaster risk in operating a tourism business, CBRT might flourish in rural areas, and in return would be able to secure local job creation, stable income generation, curbing outmigration among youths and workers, protecting natural resources and local culture, etc. As for CBRT programmes which are operating in disaster-prone areas, their operators might not share similar opinions as they have to cope with different issues and challenges, which in this context, challenges in generating sufficient income for sustaining their operation and also in reducing disaster risk and potential losses to their business. This paper will discuss possible challenges in sustaining CBRT programmes in disaster-prone areas based on the findings from data analysis of a case study of homestay operators in Mesilou Village in Sabah, Malaysia, particularly after the 2015 earthquake.