bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crime Detection using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Rony Md. Sumon , Bakchy Sagor Chandra , Rahman Hadisur
Published: November 2020

As crime rates keep spiraling each day, new challenges are faced by law enforcement agencies. They have to keep their on the lookout for any signs criminal activity. The law enforcement agencies should therefore be able to predict such increase or decrees or trends in crime. Such as theft, Killing. Crime that may occur in a particular area in a particular month, year, any timespan. Data mining is defined as a process of discovering hidden valuable knowledge by analyzing large amounts of data, which is stored in databases or data warehouse, using various data mining techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, statistical. Many algorithms for data mining approach to help detect the crimes patterns. Data Collection, Data Preprocessing Phase, Data Filtering, Linier Regression. Wekasoft are used for collection of data analyzing. Visualization finally get results. The advantage of using this tool is that clustering will be performed automatically.
Possible impacts of a 1000 km long hypothetical subglacial river valley towards Petermann Glacier in northern Greenland
Authors: Chambers Christopher , Greve Ralf , Altena Bas , Lefeuvre Pierre-Marie
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Greenland basal topographic data show a segmented valley extending from Petermann Fjord into the centre of Greenland; however, the locations of radar scan lines, used to create the bedrock topography data, indicate that valley segmentation is due to data interpolation. Therefore, as a thought experiment, simulations where the valley is opened are used to investigate its effects on basal water movement and distribution. The simulations indicate that the opening of this valley can result in an uninterrupted water pathway from the interior to Petermann Fjord. Along its length, the path of the valley progresses gradually down an ice surface slope, causing a lowering of ice overburden pressure that could enable water flow along its path. The fact that the valley base appears to be relatively flat and follows a path near the interior ice divide that roughly intersects the east and west basal hydrological basins is presented as evidence that its present day form may have developed in conjunction with an overlying ice sheet. Experiments where basal melting is increased solely within the deep interior near the known large area of basal melting result in an increase in the flux of water northwards along the entire valley. The results are consistent with a long subglacial river; however, considerable uncertainty remains over aspects such as whether adequate water is available at the bed, whether water escapes from the valley or is refrozen, and over what form a hydrological conduit could take along the valley base.
Genital exam, a missed piece of the puzzle in medical diagnosis, can be lifesaving in men: A lesson from a case of a state of shock due to duodenal metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma
Authors: Zeighami Shahryar , Naghdi sede Nima , khajeh Fatemeh , Ariafar Ali , Soltani Mohammadreza , Jahanabadi Zahra , khaleghi Aliasghar , Bazargan Zahra
Published: November 2020

Here we reported a case of a 17-year-old man with a history of weakness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting and dark stool within the last three months prior to admission. He was taken to the Emergency Room in a state of shock. After resuscitation, vital signs became stable, but due to low hemoglobin (HB = 5 g/dl), to find the source of bleeding, endoscopy was performed and a mass in the duodenum was detected. The pathology report was metastatic germ cell tumor. On genital physical exam (PE) there was a mass in the right testis; thus, the patient underwent radical orchiectomy and choriocarcinoma was diagnosed. The patient then received chemotherapy for six months, and he responded well to the treatment. This case report confirmed that genital PE should be part of a patients visit, even when we cannot find logical relation between clinical presentation and genital PE.
Toxicity of the Bt Protein Cry1Ac Expressed in Leaves of the Event of Transgenic Soybean Released in Paraguay Against Spodoptera cosmioides
Authors: Sosa Cinthia , Gómez Victor , Ramírez Maria , Gaona Edgar , Gamarra Magin
Published: November 2020

Spodoptera cosmioides Walk (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous species, considered a secondary pest in soybean crop. The Intacta soybean (Bt soybean) event was released in Paraguay with Bt proteins which are supposed to be toxic for caterpillars. However, the effects of these proteins in the Spodoptera cosmioides biology still uncertainty. This study evaluated the biological activity of Bt soybean in S. cosmioides that were fed on Bt and non-Bt soybean leaves under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology; temperature 26±2 ºC; relative humidity: 60±10%; photoperiod: 14:00 h where 150 neonate larvae were used per treatment. The period and viability of each stage, the mortality of larval, number of eggs and neonate per couple, and the period of larvae to adult were the assessed variables. Higher mortality was observed in larvae fed with intact soybeans, but without statistical differences with non-Bt soybeans. For larval survival, period, number and total period, no statistical differences were verified. Higher percentage of fertility was observed in soybeans non-Bt but no statistical differences.
De ‘criminele sponsor’ van het lokale amateurvoetbal
Authors: Spapens Toine
Published: November 2020

Criminal sponsors of local amateur football clubs

The social role of criminals in local communities has so far received relatively little systematic academic attention. This applies more specifically to their involvement in philanthropic activities. This paper describes and analyses the role of dubious sponsors particularly in Dutch amateur football. Although it is difficult to estimate the scope of the problem, results indicate that criminal sponsorship is not incidental. It mainly concerns corporate criminals, persons involved in drug crimes and outlaw motorcycle gangs. The main goal is to enhance their public image. In most cases, their involvement in crimes or regulatory offenses is difficult to assess without a doubt, which complicates preventative measures. Our analysis shows several interacting factors which increase clubs’ vulnerability to criminal infiltration: setting overambitious sportive goals; dependence on volunteers and a lack of formal integrity policies and internal compliance mechanisms; financial problems; and external pressures associated with the club’s role as the ‘pride’ of the city, the village or the neighbourhood.
ATIVIDADES EDUCATIVAS EMANCIPADORAS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Rossi Rafael , Rossi Aline Santana
Published: November 2020

This article is an instrument through which we problematize the discussion about the possibilities of developing emancipatory educational activities in teacher training courses based on Tonet's reflections (2013) and from de critical-historic pedagogy. We list four possible activities of this nature, taking into account the specificity of the educational dimension, the contradictions that permeate education in capitalism, the distinction between the immediate interests of the empirical students and the essential interests of the concrete students and, still, the dialectical reciprocity of the contents and forms of teaching, with the ontological priority of content over forms. Thus, such activities are proposed with the greatest concern for a teaching practice that values the critical promotion of the intellectual, scientific, artistic and philosophical level of teachers and students. It is a humanist stance, which defends the elaboration of criticism and human integrity against all the misrepresentations that this form of sociability imposes on us
O LUGAR OCUPADO PELA AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM NA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DO CURSO DE DIREITO
Authors: Cordeiro Carla Priscilla Barbosa Santos , Prado Edna Cristina do , Palmeira Lana Lisiêr de Lima
Published: November 2020

This article analyzes the place occupied by the learning assessment in the formation of the professor of the law course. Its main objective is to understand the concept of evaluation, the way in which the legislation provides for its realization and how the stricto sensu postgraduate programs include evaluation in the training of teachers who will work in the legal teaching. The research has a quantitative and qualitative nature and was carried out based on bibliographic and documentary analysis. Evaluation of learning is analyzed from scholars in the field, such as Perrenoud (1999), Rodrigues (1999), Vianna (2000), Haydt (2004), Lafoucade (2010), Romão (2011) and Hoffmann (2014), making it possible to understand its procedural and dialectical character. A study was carried out on the syllabuses of the disciplines included in the graduate programs in Law in Brazilian Northeast, to investigate whether there are courses aimed at training teachers and they cover the evaluation study. As a result, it was possible to realize that the training for teaching in these courses has great deficiencies and that the evaluation occupies the periphery of the curricula of these programs, being seen only in 3(three) disciplines of the curricular matrices of the 16 (sixteen) Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) analyzed.
An Adaptive Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for The Classification Problem
Authors: Ma Anxiang , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Changsheng , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2020

Classification is an important data analysis and data mining technique. Taking into account the comprehensibility of the classifier generated, an adaptive hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm called A_HACO is proposed which can effectively solve classification problem and get the comprehensible classification rules at the same time. The algorithm incorporates the artificial bee colony optimization strategy into the ant colony algorithm. The ant colony global optimization process is used to adaptively select the appropriate rule evaluation function for the data set given. Based on the classification rules obtained, the artificial bee colony optimization strategy is used to tackle the continuous attributes for further optimization of classification rules. This approach is evaluated experimentally using different standard real datasets, and compared with some proposed related classification algorithms. It shows that A_HACO can adaptively select the appropriate rule evaluation function and has better accuracy compared with related works.
Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) Application in Oral Surgery
Authors: Saglanmak Alper , Cinar Caglar , Gultekin Alper
Published: November 2020

Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous biological product which becomes popular day by day and available in a wide variety of fields in medicine. Platelet concentrates which are introduced at the early 90s have evolved over the years. The use such autologous materials have become trendy in recent years to encounter demanding expectations of patients, improve treatment success and maximize patient comfort. Despite its increasing use in dentistry and oral surgery, the most indications and effects are still being discussed. PRF is easily accepted by patients because of its low cost, easy to receive, low donor morbidity, low postoperative complication and infection rate. This biomaterial may be a solution for patients who have strong negative beliefs about the use of allografts and xenografts or who are afraid of complications during the grafting procedure. The objectives of these technologies are to use their synergistic effect to improve the hard and soft tissue regeneration. PRF in oral surgery are used for alveolar bone reconstruction, dental implant surgery, sinus augmentation, socket preservation, osteonecrosis, oroantral fistula closure, struggling with oral ulcers, preventing swelling and edema constitution. This chapter aims to review the clinical applications of platelets in oral surgery and the role of molecular components in tissue healing.
Genetic Alterations of Malignant Pleural Mesothelima
Authors: Wadowski Benjamin , T. Severson David , Bueno Raphael , De Rienzo Assunta
Published: November 2020

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor that arises from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity. Asbestos is considered the major factor in the pathogenesis of this malignancy, with more than 80% of patients with a history of asbestos exposure. MPM is characterized by a long latency period, typically 20–40 years from the time of asbestos exposure to diagnosis, suggesting that multiple somatic genetic alterations are required for the tumorigenic conversion of a mesothelial cell. In the last few years, advancements in next-generation sequencing and “–omics” technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics and medical diagnosis. The focus of this chapter is to summarize recent studies which explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease and identify potential therapeutic targets in MPM.
Laboratory Workup of Lymphoma in Adults: Guideline From the American Society for Clinical Pathology and the College of American Pathologists
Authors: Kroft Steven H. , Sever Cordelia E. , Bagg Adam , Billman Brooke , Diefenbach Catherine , Dorfman David M. , Finn William G. , Gratzinger Dita A. , Gregg Patricia A. , Leonard John P. , Smith Sonali , Souter Lesley , Weiss Ronald L. , Ventura Christina B. , Cheung Matthew C.
Published: November 2020

Context.—

The diagnostic workup of lymphoma continues to evolve rapidly as experience and discovery led to the addition of new clinicopathologic entities and techniques to differentiate them. The optimal clinically effective, efficient, and cost-effective approach to diagnosis that is safe for patients can be elusive, in both community-based and academic practice. Studies suggest that there is variation in practice in both settings.

Objective.—

To develop an evidence-based guideline for the preanalytic phase of testing, focusing on specimen requirements for the diagnostic evaluation of lymphoma.

Design.—

The American Society for Clinical Pathology, the College of American Pathologists, and the American Society of Hematology convened a panel of experts in the laboratory workup of lymphoma to develop evidence-based recommendations. The panel conducted a systematic review of literature to address key questions. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach, recommendations were derived based on the available evidence, strength of that evidence, and key judgements as defined in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Evidence to Decision framework.

Results.—

Thirteen guideline statements were established to optimize specimen selection, ancillary diagnostic testing, and appropriate follow-up for safe and accurate diagnosis of indolent and aggressive lymphoma.

Conclusions.—

Primary diagnosis and classification of lymphoma can be achieved with a variety of specimens. Application of the recommendations can guide decisions on specimen suitability, diagnostic capabilities, and correct use of ancillary testing. Disease prevalence in patient populations, availability of ancillary testing, and diagnostic goals should be incorporated into algorithms tailored to each practice environment.
Political Consciousness Formation in the Modern Global World
Authors: V. Balakhonsky Vitaly , D. Shipunova Olga , I. Strelchenko Vasiliy , V. Balakhonskaya Liudmila , V. Beresneva Iuliia
Published: November 2020

The article examines an actual problem of international integration, associated with the peculiarities of political consciousness in modern global society. The research methodology is determined by the synthesis of analytical and comparative historical approaches. The authors consider such conditions of global society existence in which the objective social polarity of a society and the heterogeneity of political structures give rise to a wide range of needs and interests of groups and individuals. This feature forms the difference in the elements of their political consciousness. As a result, several forms of political consciousness can exist simultaneously in every society. Conceptual description motivational structure in sociopolitical systems requires the complex application of various bases for their classification. In conclusion, it is emphasized that real social systems are characterized by a complex synthesis of elements of various political consciousness types. The unity of diverse forms of political consciousness organization in a global society is based on an axiological meaningful consensus of socio-cultural relationships between people, between society and man, between state and man, conceptual represented in the symbols that motivate individual and group consciousness on trust in the authorities.
Internationalisation and Cross-Border Mobility in Indian Higher Education
Authors: N.V. Varghese
Published: November 2020

With the end of the Cold War political returns on foreign aid diminished.Many countries came to recognise trade as a more development-friendlymodality than aid. Internationalisation of higher education also shiftedfrom aid related cooperation agreements to market mediated cross-bordertrade arrangements within the framework of the General Agreementon Trade in Services (GATS). This article examines the changing face ofinternationalisation of higher education with a focus on the Indian experience.It argues that while internationalisation and cross-border mobilityare mediated by market processes and economic rationality in most countries,the Indian government’s initiatives to internationalise Indian highereducation are motivated by extending diplomatic relations to enable thecountry to play a more prominent role in global affairs.
Flipped Classroom in Podiatric Medical Education
Authors: Smith Kevin M. , Geletta Simon , Duelfer Keegan
Published: November 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate student learning outcomes in a flipped classroom versus a traditional classroom in a podiatric medical school. To date no published reports in podiatric medical schools have used the flipped classroom for the entirety of a medical school course.

Methods

Students from the class of 2017 completed the Emergency Medicine and Trauma course using traditional classroom lectures, and the class of 2018 used a flipped classroom approach. Each class took two assessments that contained 99 identical questions and completed a postcourse evaluation that contained student comments. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to determine whether student performances were significantly affected by the differences in the teaching method. Student evaluation comments were analyzed using textual data analysis to determine the sentiments that students expressed regarding their exposure to the teaching method.

Results

The multivariate analysis of covariance results revealed that students scored slightly lower on assessments during the flipped classroom delivery compared with the traditional classroom delivery, when adjusted for Medical College Admission Test scores and grade point average, but not significantly (P = .4340). Similarly, the sentiment analysis of student comments indicated that the average positive sentiment score for the flipped classroom delivery was higher but was not significant (P = .08914).

Conclusions

The analysis showed there was not a statistically significant change in examination scores based on teaching method. Sentiment analysis revealed that student sentiments were more positive with the flipped classroom group compared with the traditional lecture group, although not statistically significantly.
Stepwise Evolution of Crease Patterns on Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogels for the Production of Long‐Range Ordered Structures
Authors: Kim Mina , Choi Kwon‐Young , Kim Ju Min , Shim Tae Soup
Published: November 2020

The creases and wrinkles that form on soft matter have been comprehensively analyzed and engineered to utilize their topological advantages in various research fields. Although the principle for the formation of such structures is found to be the inhomogeneous distribution of mechanical stress, simultaneous and omnidirectional propagation of surface patterns makes it difficult to engineer these structures. A design strategy for the reversible formation of highly uniform crease patterns on hydrogel films is proposed by driving the stepwise evolution of creases. A hydrogel film with a smooth‐ and submicron‐scale surface topology, so‐called hill and valley structures, is prepared by engineering the reaction‐diffusion‐mediated photopolymerization and viscoelastic deformation of hydrogels. As the hydrogel film undergoes a morphological change in response to pH, creases are selectively nucleated from the hill and valley structures and propagate directionally, resulting in the formation of long‐range ordered crease patterns. Different interactions are observed via the investigation of three colloidal systems, demonstrating the capacity to control colloidal particles with the highly uniform surface topology of hydrogels. Finally, the pattern‐guided alignment and reproduction of yeast cells are demonstrated, providing an opportunity for producing an artificial environment for the guided growth and analysis of biomaterials.
Textile Composite Electrodes for Flexible Batteries and Supercapacitors: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xie Chuan , Zheng Zijian
Published: November 2020

The ever‐growing demand for portable and wearable electronics has driven increased interest in flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs). However, endowing conventional LIBs and SCs with good flexibility and high energy density is challenging, as metal foils and rigid electrodes are easily fractured during flexing. In recent years, textile composite electrodes (TCEs), electrodes coated onto or grown on conductive textile current collectors have shown great promise for application in flexible, high‐capacity/capacitance, and long‐cycle‐life textile‐based electrochemical energy storage devices (TEESDs). This Essay summarizes the advantages of TCEs compared to conventional metal‐foil‐supported electrodes (MFEs) and discusses the integration of TCEs into TEESDs as flexible LIBs and SCs for wearable applications. Finally, the challenges associated with TCEs and TEESDs are discussed alongside an analysis of possible solutions.
Dissecting the Role of the Sergeants in Supramolecular Helical Catalysts: From Chain Capping to Intercalation
Authors: Martínez‐Aguirre Mayte A. , Li Yan , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Bouteiller Laurent , Raynal Matthieu
Published: November 2020

Controlling the properties of supramolecular assemblies requires unveiling the specific interactions between their components. In the present work, the catalytic properties and structure of co‐assemblies composed of a benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) ligand coordinated to copper (the soldier) and seven enantiopure BTAs (the sergeants) have been determined. Whatever the sergeant, the enantioselectivity of the reaction is directly proportional to the optical purity of the supramolecular helices. More strikingly, the role played by the sergeant in the co‐assembly process differs significantly: from almost pure intercalator (when it is incorporated in the stacks of the soldier and generates long homochiral helices) to pure chain capper (when it leads to the formation of partly helically biased and short assemblies). The former situation leads to optimal enantioselectivity for the catalytic system under study (58 % ee) while the latter situation leads to very low selectivity (8 % ee). The successful rationalization of this high and unexpected difference is crucial for the development of more efficient catalysts and more elaborate supramolecular systems.
Carbazole‐Based DABNA Analogues as Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Narrowband Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Oda Susumu , Kumano Wataru , Hama Toshiki , Kawasumi Ryosuke , Yoshiura Kazuki , Hatakeyama Takuji
Published: November 2020

Carbazole‐based DABNA analogues (CzDABNAs) were synthesized from triarylamine by regioselective one‐shot single and double borylation. The reaction proceeded selectively at the ortho position of the carbazolyl group, where the highest occupied molecular orbital is mainly localized owing to the difference in the electron‐donating abilities of the diarylamino and carbazolyl groups. The facile and scalable method enabled synthesis of CzDABNAs, exhibiting narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence with emission spectra ranging from deep blue to green. The organic light‐emitting diode devices employing these products as emitters exhibited deep‐blue, sky‐blue, and green emission with high external quantum efficiencies of 19.5, 21.8, and 26.7 %, respectively.
Optimization of off‐bottom spat collectors for restoration and production of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) in Dutch coastal waters
Authors: van den Brink Anneke M. , Maathuis Margot A.M. , Kamermans Pauline
Published: November 2020

Efficient spat collection is essential to both the successful restoration and cultivation of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis).

The results of four different experiments investigating larval abundance, and the use of seven different types of suspended spat collectors in seven locations in the SW Netherlands were compared. These different types included Chinese hats, Vexar mesh, PVC tubes, and four types of bivalve shells.

Larval abundance, and timing of peaks in abundance for both O. edulis and the non‐indigenous Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) varied between locations and years.

The most successful spat collectors were sacks of bivalve shells.

In general, most spat were observed on collectors deployed 1–2 weeks after the peak in larval abundance was detected.

Fouling was heavy and may have prevented larval settlement on collectors deployed too early. Suspended sacks of bivalve shells show great promise as O. edulis spat collectors intended for reef restoration purposes but may need further development for cultivation application.
Comparison of traditional and environmental DNA survey methods for detecting rare and abundant freshwater fish
Authors: Piggott Maxine P. , Banks Samuel C. , Broadhurst Ben T. , Fulton Christopher J. , Lintermans Mark
Published: November 2020

Detecting rare species is often a necessity for conservation and management, yet challenging for many field survey methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a highly promising solution that has been shown to outperform many established survey methods.

Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) is an endangered native species that has declined significantly in range and abundance. Detection of M. australasica was compared with an abundant alien fish species (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using eDNA and three conventional survey methods: gill nets, electrofishing and fyke nets.

eDNA occupancy estimates for both fish species were compared using four different models to investigate what effect these differences have on false positives and false negatives for the rare and common fish species. These models used unadjusted eDNA detections in water samples, eDNA detections that have been screened using a limit of detection method to remove potential false positives, eDNA data supplemented with a second survey method, or eDNA data augmented with sequencing of positive polymerase chain reaction replicates.

eDNA surveying as a single detection method was found to be more efficient and sensitive compared with each capture method separately and combined. Occupancy estimates for the common and rare species did not vary significantly between the four site occupancy‐detection models, suggesting that supplementary data may not have as much effect on occupancy estimates compared with other approaches such as temporal or spatial sampling.

We conclude that eDNA outperforms the three established survey methods for both a rare and common freshwater fish species. Although there was no significant effect of augmenting eDNA survey methods with other survey data, additional data may improve confidence in detection, and provide confirmatory evidence for unexpected or new detections of a species.
Phage lysis‐lysogeny switches and programmed cell death: Danse macabre
Authors: Benler Sean , Koonin Eugene V.
Published: November 2020

Exploration of immune systems in prokaryotes, such as restriction‐modification or CRISPR‐Cas, shows that both innate and adaptive systems possess programmed cell death (PCD) potential. The key outstanding question is how the immune systems sense and “predict” infection outcomes to “decide” whether to fight the pathogen or induce PCD. There is a striking parallel between this life‐or‐death decision faced by the cell and the decision by temperate viruses to protect or kill their hosts, epitomized by the lysis‐lysogeny switch of bacteriophage Lambda. Immune systems and temperate phages sense the same molecular inputs, primarily, DNA damage, that determine whether the cell lives or dies. Because temperate (pro)phages are themselves components of prokaryotic genomes, their shared “interests” with the hosts result in coregulation of the lysis‐lysogeny switch and immune systems that jointly provide the cell with the decision machinery to probe and predict infection outcomes, answering the life‐or‐death question.
Single‐cell transcriptome analyses reveal heterogeneity in suspension cultures and clonal markers of CHO‐K1 cells
Authors: Ogata Norichika , Nishimura Akio , Matsuda Tomoko , Kubota Michi , Omasa Takeshi
Published: November 2020

Cell‐to‐cell variability in cell populations arises from a combination of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors related to the milieu. However, the heterogeneity of high cell density suspension cultures for therapeutic protein production remains unknown. Here, we illustrate the increasing heterogeneity in the cellular transcriptome of serum‐free adapted CHO K1 cells during high cell density suspension culture over time without concomitant changes in the genomic sequence. Cell cycle‐dependent subpopulations and cell clusters, which typically appear in other single‐cell transcriptome analyses, were not found in these suspension cultures. Our results indicate that cell division changes the intracellular microenvironment and leads to cell cycle‐dependent heterogeneity. Whole mitochondrial single‐cell genome sequencing showed cell‐to‐cell mitochondrial genome variation and heteroplasmy within cells. The mitochondrial genome sequencing method developed here is potentially useful for the validation of cell clonality. The culture time‐dependent increase in cellular heterogeneity observed in this study did not show any attenuation in this increasing heterogeneity. Future advances in bioengineering such as culture upscaling, prolonged culturing, and complex culture systems will be confronted with the need to assess and control cellular heterogeneity, and the method described here may prove useful for this purpose.
Part 3: Discover key insights about education, screening for NIL opportunities awaiting your student‐athletes
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2020

Despite the many unknowns surrounding the potential abundance of name, image, and likeness opportunities awaiting student‐athletes, athletics departments must not hesitate to take the lead in guiding excited student‐athletes as they embark on the uncharted NIL process. This means that athletics administrators should ensure their student‐athletes have access to critical education and screening resources, according to Courtney Altemus, CEO and Founder at TeamAltemus, which provides collegiate and professional athletes with practical expertise and guidance surrounding NIL issues. The failure to connect student‐athletes with crucial education and screening resources can leave them vulnerable to a host of financial and reputational damage, Altemus warned.
Simplified Monopalmitoyl Toll‐like Receptor 2 Ligand Mini‐UPam for Self‐Adjuvanting Neoantigen‐Based Synthetic Cancer Vaccines
Authors: van den Ende Thomas C. , Heuts Jeroen M. M. , Gential Geoffroy P. P. , Visser Marten , van de Graaff Michel J. , Ho Nataschja I. , Jiskoot Wim , Valentijn A. Rob P. M. , Meeuwenoord Nico J. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , Verdegaal Els M. E. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Ossendorp Ferry , Filippov Dmitri V.
Published: November 2020

Synthetic vaccines, based on antigenic peptides that comprise MHC−I and MHC‐II T‐cell epitopes expressed by tumors, show great promise for the immunotherapy of cancer. For optimal immunogenicity, the synthetic peptides (SPs) should be adjuvanted with suitable immunostimulatory additives. Previously, we have shown that improved immunogenicity in vivo is obtained with vaccine modalities in which an SP is covalently connected to an adjuvanting moiety, typically a ligand to Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2). SPs were covalently attached to UPam, which is a derivative of the classic TLR2 ligand Pam3CysSK4. A disadvantage of the triply palmitoylated UPam is its high lipophilicity, which precludes universal adoption of this adjuvant for covalent modification of various antigenic peptides as it renders the synthetic vaccine insoluble in several cases. Here, we report a novel conjugatable TLR2 ligand, mini‐UPam, which contains only one palmitoyl chain, rather than three, and therefore has less impact on the solubility and other physicochemical properties of a synthetic peptide. In this study, we used SPs that contain the clinically relevant neoepitopes identified in a melanoma patient who completely recovered after T‐cell therapy. Homogeneous mini‐UPam‐SP conjugates have been prepared in good yields by stepwise solid‐phase synthesis that employed a mini‐UPam building block pre‐prepared in solution and the standard set of Fmoc‐amino acids. The immunogenicity of the novel mini‐UPam‐SP conjugates was demonstrated by using the cancer patient's T‐cells.
n‐Butyllithium Catalyzed Hydroboration of Nitriles and Carbodiimides
Authors: Yan Ben , He Xing , Ni Congjian , Yang Zhi , Ma Xiaoli
Published: November 2020

Highly efficient and selective hydroboration of nitriles and carbodiimides with pinacolborane (HBpin) is achieved by using the simple and convenientn‐BuLi as a catalyst. Solvent‐free and good functional group tolerance under mild conditions have been achieved. A possible mechanistic pathway of then‐BuLi catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles with HBpin is proposed.
Electrochemical Determination of the Steroid Tibolone and Its Metabolites in Saliva Samples
Authors: Silva Weberson P. , Rocha Raquel G. , Felisbino John K. R. P. , Sousa Raquel M. F. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. , Richter Eduardo M.
Published: November 2020

Tibolone (TIB) is a synthetic steroid banned by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) due to its similar properties to estrogen and progesterone. In this work, a simple and low‐cost electrochemical method for the determination of TIB and its metabolites (3‐α hydroxytibolone and 3‐β hydroxytibolone) in authentic human saliva is reported. Square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) with an unmodified boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode and phosphate buffer 0.1 mol L−1 were selected as the electrochemical technique, working electrode, and supporting electrolyte, respectively. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method include good repeatability (RSD <2.4 %), wide linear range (1 to 110 μmol L−1; r=0.999) and low detection limit (0.3 μmol L−1). Average recovery values (104±3 % for TIB and 98±5 % for the metabolites) for direct analysis of spiked saliva samples (only diluted in supporting electrolyte) indicate that no significant matrix interference was observed. The proposed method was also efficient for the determination of TIB in pharmaceutical samples (statistically similar results to those obtained by HPLC).
Electrochemical Activity of Cytochrome P450 1A2: The Relevance of O2 Control and the Natural Electron Donor
Authors: Silveira Célia M. , Rodrigues Patrícia R. , Ghach Wissam , Pereira Sofia A. , Esteves Francisco , Kranendonk Michel , Etienne Mathieu , Almeida M. Gabriela
Published: November 2020

The direct electrochemical response of membrane‐bound human cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) was studied on pyrolytic graphite electrodes, while encapsulated in a sol‐gel matrix. The enzymatic reduction of O2 was evaluated in the presence and absence of its electron donor partner, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR). When used without CPR, CYP1A2 was shown to be highly sensitive to O2 even in the presence of residual amounts. Under aerobic conditions (air‐saturated solutions), the catalytic signal attributed to the reaction with O2 was lost, suggesting the enzyme was inactivated. In contrast, the CYP1A2/CPR complex retained O2 reductase activity with high O2 concentration in solution. The results demonstrated a crucial role of CPR in stabilizing the immobilized CYP1A2 enzyme and in the preservation of O2 electrocatalysis, when using this electrochemical set‐up. Though the enzyme's monooxygenase activity towards caffeine was not detected, this study highlights the complexity of coupling CYP1A2 reduction currents with substrate turnover, owing to the simultaneous electrochemical measurement of the O2 reduction reaction.
Use of florpyrauxifen‐benzyl in non‐flooded rice production systems
Authors: Wright Hannah E. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trenton L. , Scott Robert C. , Hardke Jarrod T. , Gbur Edward E.
Published: November 2020

The lack of a flood on rice (Oryza sativa) levees and in furrow‐irrigated rice creates a favorable environment for terrestrial weeds like Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) to emerge and quickly overtake the crop for a longer portion of the year than in flooded rice culture. Florpyrauxifen‐benzyl is a new auxin herbicide labeled for use in rice that has activity on both grasses and broadleaf weeds, as well as certain sedges. Field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of florpyrauxifen‐benzyl in a non‐flooded environment. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station in Marianna, AR and the Pine Tree Research Station near Colt, AR to evaluate florpyrauxifen‐benzyl within a herbicide‐based weed control program in furrow‐irrigated rice. Programs evaluated included two preemergence herbicide combinations, four mid‐postemergence combinations, and a late‐postemergence application versus none. Another experiment was conducted at the Pine Tree Research Station in 2017 and 2018 to compare florpyrauxifen‐benzyl with 2,4‐D in different herbicide mixtures for weed control on rice levees. Treatments consisted of several commonly used rice herbicides applied alone and in a mixture with florpyrauxifen‐benzyl and with 2,4‐D. In the furrow‐irrigated rice experiment, programs containing florpyrauxifen‐benzyl in the mid‐postemergence application resulted in higher levels of late‐season Palmer amaranth control (96–98%) compared to the standard mid‐postemergence treatment (85%). Additionally, programs that included a late‐postemergence herbicide application controlled Palmer amaranth (98%) compared to programs where no late‐postemergence herbicide was applied (91%). In the levee experiment, mixtures where florpyrauxifen‐benzyl was used offered comparable control of Palmer amaranth to mixtures containing 2,4‐D. Mixtures where 2,4‐D or florpyrauxifen‐benzyl were used controlled Palmer amaranth better than the individual herbicide applied alone. Results from these experiments indicate florpyrauxifen‐benzyl will sufficiently control Palmer amaranth in a non‐flooded environment, providing a good alternative herbicide and viable weed control option in furrow‐irrigated rice and on rice levees.
A novel fuzzy clustering algorithm based on rough set and inhibitive factor
Authors: Tang Leiyu , Wang Chenxi , Wang Shudong , Dong Guoliang , Fan Jiancong
Published: November 2020

As an important data analysis method, rough set theory can be used to analyze data with uncertainties. Rough set is able to acquire knowledge by the indistinguishable relationship among data objects without any prior knowledge. Rough set theory provides a new theoretical means for solving soft computing problems and has a wide application space in data mining. Meanwhile, the fuzzy C‐means clustering algorithm is sensitive to noisy points and has low convergence speed. In order to deal with the above problems, a novel fuzzy clustering algorithm based on rough set and inhibitive factor is proposed. According to the related concepts of rough set theory, the membership model of fuzzy C‐means algorithm is redefined. Besides, an inhibitive factor is set to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm under the premise of guaranteeing the clustering effect.
Dismantle the box: A disabled physical therapist's case for supporting capability exploration
Authors: Pigg Wesley
Published: November 2020

Physical therapy is typically viewed as a very hands‐on, physical profession. This perception leads to different reactions when people find out I use a wheelchair. Most reactions are incredibly encouraging; however, some are a clear display of people's doubt. I hope to highlight in this column the importance of supporting people with disabilities as they explore their career aspirations despite uncertainty. This means letting them drive what specialty areas to attempt, what university courses to take, what clinical settings to try, and how they achieve a certain task, while you provide support.
Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Pb(II) and H2O2 via a Dual‐functional Sn‐doped Defective Bi2S3 Microspheres
Authors: Fu Yanqiu , Li Jinrui , Jin Wei , Liu Zhonggang
Published: November 2020

In this work, a dual‐functional electrochemical sensor has been proposed based on Sn‐doped defective Bi2S3 (TDDB) microspheres, which exhibited the excellent electrochemical performance on Pb(II) and H2O2 detection. The TDDB offered a satisfied detection limit of 8.0 nM towards Pb(II) with a sensitivity of 96.7 μA ⋅ μM−1. As a H2O2 sensor, a high sensitivity of 3540 μA mM−1 cm−2 was obtained in a linear range from 0.45 mM to 10 mM with a detection limit of 10 nM. Moreover, the electrochemical detection of Pb(II) in Taihu Lake and H2O2 in human serum was achieved with high reliability and good recovery.
A novel hydrogel sheet prevents postoperative pancreatic fistula in a rat model
Authors: Kemmochi Akira , Tamura Takafumi , Shimizu Yoshio , Owada Yohei , Ozawa Yusuke , Hisakura Katsuji , Oda Tatsuya , Kawano Yayoi , Hanawa Takehisa , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro
Published: November 2020

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of a novel hydrogel sheet in preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF).

Background

Postoperative pancreatic fistula is a life‐threatening complication. As no study has reported the use of hydrogel sheets in preventing POPF, their effectiveness for that purpose remains unclear.

Methods

A novel hydrogel sheet made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was prepared by the freeze‐thaw method. The pancreatic ducts and surrounding pancreatic parenchyma of rats were transected to induce a pancreatic fistula. Next, the sheet was attached to the transection site. Ascitic fluid amylase and lipase concentrations were measured. Neoveil®, a nonwoven polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt, is already clinically used as an absorbable reinforcing material at pancreatic transection sites. Neoveil® was used for comparison, as was VIEWGEL®, which is marketed as a wound dressing.

Results

The hydrogel sheet remained in place 48 hours postoperatively. The ascitic amylase concentrations in the control, VIEWGEL®‐treated, Neoveil®‐treated, and hydrogel‐treated rats, respectively, were 4992.4 ± 5355.7, 1068.4 ± 269.1, 730.2 ± 425.2, and 303.1 ± 240.1 IU/L; the ascitic lipase concentrations were 2279.8 ± 3395.2, 169.5 ± 100.6, 90.4 ± 71.0, and 86.8 ± 59.8 IU/L. The ascitic amylase and lipase levels were significantly lower in the hydrogel group than in the other groups (P < .05).

Conclusions

This novel hydrogel sheet effectively prevents pancreatic fistulas and has promising clinical application potential.
Microserendipity in the Creative Process
Authors: Ross Wendy , Vallée‐Tourangeau Frédéric
Published: November 2020

Qualitative research on creativity often highlights the role of accidents in creative process, but there is little research that takes these as its main topic. Perhaps because a model that relies on accidents undermines the meaningfulness of creativity; perhaps because the phenomenon itself is too complex to underwrite an entire research program. This paper suggests the framework of serendipity to better understand the interaction between a person and chance occurrences. Serendipity is a fortuitous accident, the enactment of environmental luck by a prepared mind. Current research on serendipity proceeds from a mainly retrospective position, centring the experience of the person. This creates a serendipitous narrative without necessarily telling us more about the moment itself. It is thus harder to consider the role of accidental moments and the nature of their contribution to the creative process. We argue that these moments, viewed outside of the person’s narrative account, are worthy of study and offer some suggestions for how that might occur. We use the term “microserendipity” to designate moments which arise from distributed creative agency. We suggest we can support current research in both creativity and serendipity by undertaking detailed analysis of observational data to scaffold understanding of these complex phenomena.
Effects of superfine grinding using ball‐milling on the physical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant properties of Quercus salicina (Blume) leaf powders
Authors: Hong Seong‐Jin , Das Protiva Rani , Eun Jong‐Bang
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Quercus salicina (Blume) leaves are traditionally used as folk medicine in some Asian countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ball milling for different periods (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) on the physicochemical properties of superfine Quercus salicina (Blume) leaf (QSL) powders.

RESULTS

The particle sizes, water‐holding capacity, angle of repose, and redness of the superfine QSL powder decreased with increasing ball‐milling times, whereas the water solubility index, bulk density, tapped density, brightness, and yellowness were found to increase. Significantly higher (P > 0.05) total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities, were observed for the superfine QSL powders obtained after 24 h ball‐milling time. A total of 12 phenolic compounds in free and cell‐wall‐bound forms were quantified in the superfine QSL powder. Free phenolics such as protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and p‐coumaric acid were increased and all cell‐wall‐bound phenolics were decreased with increasing ball‐milling times. The antioxidant activity of the free phenolics increased with increasing ball‐milling times, and the cell‐wall‐bound forms decreased.

CONCLUSION

Superfine grinding by ball milling for 24 h can thus be used to produce superfine QSL powder with higher free phenolic metabolite content and antioxidant activity, and improved water solubility index, color, bulk, and tapped densities. This study will be useful for the food / nutraceutical / pharmaceutical industries in the manufacturing of active food ingredients or value‐added products using QSL powders. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple peak solutions for polyharmonic equation with critical growth
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Liu Ting
Published: November 2020

This paper is concerned with the following elliptic problem:

where is the polyharmonic operator, is the critical Sobolev embedding exponent. B1 is the unit ball in , s1 and are parameters, is the eigenfunction of corresponding to the first eigenvalue λ1 with , . By using the Lyapunov–Schimit reduction method combining with the minimax argument, we construct the solutions to (P) with many peaks near the boundary but not on the boundary of the domain. Moreover, we prove that the number of solutions for the problem (P) is unbounded as the parameter tends to infinity, therefore proving the Lazer–McKenna conjecture for the higher order case with critical growth.