bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial paragangliomas versus schwannomas: Role of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion and diffusion MRI
Authors: Ota Yoshiaki , Liao Eric , Capizzano Aristides A. , Baba Akira , Kurokawa Ryo , Kurokawa Mariko , Srinivasan Ashok
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose

Differentiating paragangliomas from schwannomas and distinguishing sporadic from neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF 2)‐related schwannomas is challenging but clinically important. This study aimed to assess the utility of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI (DSC‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in discriminating infratentorial extra‐axial schwannomas from paragangliomas and NF2‐related schwannomas.

Methods

This retrospective study included 41 patients diagnosed with paragangliomas, sporadic schwannomas, and NF2‐related schwannomas in the infratentorial extra‐axial space between April 2013 and August 2021. All cases had pretreatment DSC‐MRI and DWI. Normalized mean apparent diffusion coefficient (nADCmean), normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV), and normalized relative cerebral blood flow (nrCBF) were compared between paragangliomas and schwannomas and between sporadic and NF2‐related schwannomas as appropriate.

Results

nrCBV and nrCBF were significantly higher in paragangliomas than in sporadic/NF2‐related schwannomas (nrCBV: median 11.5 vs. 1.14/3.74; p < .001 and .004, nrCBF: median 7.43 vs. 1.13/2.85; p < .001 and .007, respectively), while nADCmean were not. The corresponding diagnostic performances were area under the curves (AUCs) of .99/.92 and 1.0/.90 with cutoffs of 2.56/4.22 and 1.94/3.36, respectively. nADCmean were lower, and nrCBV and nrCBF were higher in NF2‐related than in sporadic schwannomas (nADCmean: median 1.23 vs. 1.58, nrCBV: median 3.74 vs. 1.14, nrCBF: median 2.85 vs. 1.13; all p < .001), and the corresponding diagnostic performances were AUCs of .93, .91, and .95 with cutoffs of 1.37, 2.63, and 2.48, respectively.

Conclusions

DSC‐MRI and DWI both can aid in differentiating paragangliomas from schwannomas and sporadic from NF2‐related schwannomas.
Too cool to fight: Is ambient temperature associated with male aggressive behavior in the mesquite lizard?
Authors: Domínguez‐Godoy M. A. , Hudson R. , Montoya B. , Bastiaans E. , Díaz de la Vega‐Pérez A. H.
Published: May 2022

Aggressive behavior is performed in the context of intraspecific competition for gaining access to mates, food, or suitable territories. However, aggressive confrontations may divert time and energy from other important activities and increase the likelihood of suffering physical injury or predation. Aggressive behavior is particularly costly for ectotherms because it may reduce the time available for thermoregulation, which is a time‐consuming activity but indispensable for adequate maintenance of metabolic processes. In this study, we analyzed the long‐term effect of the thermal quality (i.e. the degree of discrepancy between the temperatures available in a given environment and temperatures that animals prefer) on the aggressive behavior of the mesquite lizard Sceloporus grammicus. Our hypothesis was that time allocated to aggressive behavior in low thermal quality environments is diverted from time spent on the acquisition and maintenance of an adequate body temperature. Accordingly, we found that lizards from the low thermal quality location (i.e. low environmental temperature) exhibited less aggressive behavior than those captured in middle and high thermal quality locations. Our results show that in the low thermal quality location aggressive behavior was almost absent, suggesting that this behavior may interfere with the acquisition and maintenance of an adequate body temperature. Therefore, it is likely that the benefits of thermoregulation outweigh those of aggressive behavior at low thermal quality locations.
Complementary genomic and epigenomic adaptation to environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Gao Yangchun , Chen Yiyong , Li Shiguo , Huang Xuena , Hu Juntao , Bock Dan G. , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Zhan Aibin
Published: May 2022

While adaptation is commonly thought to result from selection on DNA sequence‐based variation, recent studies have highlighted an analogous epigenetic component as well. However, the relative roles of these mechanisms in facilitating population persistence under environmental heterogeneity remain unclear. To address the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship during environmental adaptation, we screened the genomes and epigenomes of nine global populations of a predominately sessile marine invasive tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri. We detected clear population differentiation at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Patterns of genetic and epigenetic structure were significantly influenced by local environmental variables. Among these variables, minimum annual sea surface temperature was identified as the top explanatory variable for both genetic and epigenetic variation. However, patterns of population structure driven by genetic and epigenetic variation were somewhat distinct, suggesting possible autonomy of epigenetic variation. We found both shared and specific genes and biological pathways among genetic and epigenetic loci associated with environmental factors, consistent with complementary and independent contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation to environmental adaptation in this system. Collectively, these mechanisms may facilitate population persistence under environmental change and sustain successful invasions across novel environments.
Functional identification of the different regions in B‐class floral homeotic MADS‐box proteins IiAP3 and IiPI from Isatis indigotica
Authors: Ma Ye‐Ye , Meng Qi , Tan Xiao‐Min , Yang Liu , Zhang Kai‐Li , Xu Zi‐Qin
Published: May 2022

APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) are B‐class MADS‐box floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis and are involved in specifying the identity of petals and stamens. In the present work, IiAP3 and IiPI, the respective orthologous genes of AP3 and PI, were cloned from Isatis indigotica. By expressing in ap3‐6 and pi‐1 homozygous mutant and in wild‐type Arabidopsis under the control of AP3 promoter or CaMV 35S promoter, we demonstrated that IiAP3 and IiPI were functionally equivalent to AP3 and PI of Arabidopsis. Referring to previous reports and the research results in the present work, expression patterns of AP3 and PI homologs are not the same in different angiosperms possessing diverse floral structures. It suggests that the alterations in expression may contribute to the changing morphology of flowers. To further determine the relationship between IiAP3 and IiPI, the coding sequences of the different structural regions in these two proteins were swapped with each other, and the data collected from transgenic Arabidopsis plants of the chimeric constructs suggested that MADS domain was irreplaceable for the function of IiAP3, K domain of IiAP3 was involved in specifying the identity of stamens, K domain of IiPI was mainly related to the formation of petals, and C‐terminal region of IiPI was involved in characterization of stamens. In addition, a complete KC region of these two proteins was more effective in phenotypic complementation of the mutants.
Identification of the novel HLA‐A*26:01:75 allele using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Jang Jaehyeok , Hong Jun Young , Jung Sunmi , Lee Jina , Park Younhee
Published: May 2022

The HLA‐A*26:01:75 allele differs from HLA‐A*26:01:01:01 allele by a single nucleotide in codon −10.3.
Time course and fibre type‐dependent nature of calcium‐handling protein responses to sprint interval exercise in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Tripp Thomas R. , Frankish Barnaby P. , Lun Victor , Wiley J. Preston , Shearer Jane , Murphy Robyn M. , MacInnis Martin J.
Published: May 2022

Sprint interval training (SIT) causes fragmentation of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel, ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), 24 h post‐exercise, potentially signalling mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing cytosolic [Ca2+]. Yet, the time course and skeletal muscle fibre type‐specific patterns of RyR1 fragmentation following a session of SIT remain unknown. Ten participants (n = 4 females; n = 6 males) performed a session of SIT (6 × 30 s ‘all‐out’ with 4.5 min rest after each sprint) with vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples collected before and 3, 6 and 24 h after exercise. In whole muscle, full‐length RyR1 protein content was significantly reduced 6 h (mean (SD); −38 (38)%; P < 0.05) and 24 h post‐SIT (−30 (48)%; P < 0.05) compared to pre‐exercise. Examining each participant's largest response in pooled samples, full‐length RyR1 protein content was reduced in type II (−26 (30)%; P < 0.05) but not type I fibres (−11 (40)%; P > 0.05). Three hours post‐SIT, there was also a decrease in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 1 in type II fibres (−23 (17)%; P < 0.05) and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a in type I fibres (−19 (21)%; P < 0.05), despite no time effect for either protein in whole muscle samples (P > 0.05). PGC1A mRNA content was elevated 3 and 6 h post‐SIT (5.3‐ and 3.7‐fold change from pre, respectively; P < 0.05 for both), but peak PGC1A mRNA expression was not significantly correlated with peak RyR1 fragmentation (r2 = 0.10; P > 0.05). In summary, altered Ca2+‐handling protein expression, which occurs primarily in type II muscle fibres, may influence signals for mitochondrial biogenesis as early as 3–6 h post‐SIT in humans.

Key points

Sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to cause fragmentation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium‐release channel, ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), 24 h post‐exercise, which may act as a signal for mitochondrial biogenesis.

In this study, the time course was examined of RyR1 fragmentation in human whole muscle and pooled type I and type II skeletal muscle fibres following a single session of SIT.

Full‐length RyR1 protein content was significantly lower than pre‐exercise by 6 h post‐SIT in whole muscle, and fragmentation was detectable in type II but not type I fibres, though to a lesser extent than in whole muscle.

The peak in PGC1A mRNA expression occurred earlier than RyR1 fragmentation.

The increased temporal resolution and fibre type‐specific responses for RyR1 fragmentation provide insights into its importance to mitochondrial biogenesis in humans.
Estigma público en salud mental en la universidad
Authors: Saavedra Javier , Murvartian Lara
Published: May 2022

El estigma público en salud mental dificulta la recuperación de las personas con trastornos mentales graves. En este trabajo se exploró el estigma público en 678 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (76.8 % mujeres) de las facultades de psicología (44.54 %), comunicación (21.53 %), educación (21.97 %) y de facultades técnicas (11.95 %) en dos momentos: curso 2014-2015 y 2020-2021. Para ello, se empleó la adaptación al español del cuestionario atribucional (AQ27) en su versión abreviada (AQ14), con validez convergente y fiabilidad adecuadas, la escala de niveles de familiaridad (LOF) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. El estigma público estuvo presente, con diferencias significativas según la facultad (p = 0.003): mayor en las facultades técnicas (M = 3.81; DE = 1.18) y de educación (M = 3.4; DE = 1.15). En el curso 2020-2021 descendió en la facultad de educación (p < 0.001); en psicología y comunicación se mantuvo estable (p = 0.912 y p = 0.331). Se discutió el descenso de los niveles elevados de estigma en 2019-2020 respecto a 2014-2015, debido a las intervenciones contra el estigma de los últimos años y se propuso desarrollar otras sensibles a niveles más bajos de estigma.
Calculation of Gamma and Neutron Shielding Parameters for Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Osman A. M.
Published: May 2022

In this study, the shielding parameters for isophorone diamine (IPDA) with different ratios of barite (BaSO4), boron carbide (B4C), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) composites were theoretically investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) were calculated at the photon energy range (1 keV to 20 MeV) using the xcom program. The obtained data were used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficients (μ), relaxation lengths (λ), half value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL) for the same range of energy. For comparison, five other shielding materials, ordinary concrete, high-density polyethylene, borated polyethylene, lithium polyethylene, and water, were also studied. The macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-sections (∑R) were calculated for the selected composites. The obtained results show that the shielding parameters strongly depend on the photon energy, chemical composition, and density of the investigated materials. The dependence of mass attenuation coefficients and macroscopic fast neutron removal cross section on the chemical composition of the selected polymer composites was discussed. Barite composite is seen to be a good attenuating material; aluminum oxide composite is a reasonable attenuating behavior, while Boron composite shows a relatively weak attenuating properties. The results obtained through this work can be used to understand the behavior and shielding effectiveness of the selected polymer composites.
Joining of Zirconium Alloys to Nickel Bearing Alloys for In-Core Components
Authors: Gaudet Michel , McLellan Anne , Gerlich Adrian , Williams Bruce
Published: May 2022

Zirconium alloys are well-positioned as the material of choice for nuclear in-core structures since they have a low neutron absorption cross section and possess good material properties under elevated neutron flux and high-temperature operating conditions. The Canadian supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) concept pressure tube includes a transition from zirconium-tin alloy (Excel) to a yet to be selected stainless steel to allow it to be seal welded to the inlet plenum. Thus, a method to join zirconium and its alloys to ferrous and nickel-bearing alloys is desired. To this end, a series of experiments were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. A joint approaching the strength of the parent material was achieved using both rotary friction welding and co-extrusion methods, although the joints exhibited lower ductility than that of the parent material. Microstructural examination of the joint revealed a ∼200 nm to ∼1 μm intermetallic layer at the transition zone, which was the location of failure in the tensile specimen.
Covariance matrix reconstruction method based on amplitude and phase constraints with application to extend array aperture
Authors: Zhang Guangpu , Liu Kaixin , Fu Jin , Sun Sibo
Published: May 2022

The angular resolution has always been a concern in the underwater direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The resolution of the uniform linear array will worsen if the array aperture decreases. When the element spacing is determined, increasing the number of array elements (NAE) can improve the resolution. However, the NAE cannot be greatly increased in practical applications. To address this problem, we propose an array aperture extension method. For this method, we design an optimization algorithm to reconstruct the covariance matrix of the extended array by using that of the original array. Moreover, to make the extended array resemble the actual array, the reconstructed covariance matrix is constrained with a pure signal covariance matrix. The solution method of the optimization algorithm is described in detail. The function of this method is to improve the array aperture by increasing the virtual array elements without changing the element spacing. Therefore, when the array elements are insufficient, this method helps to improve the DOA estimation performance, such as the estimation precision and resolution probability of dual targets. Experiments including simulations and real lake experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Angular spectrum method for curvilinear arrays: Theory and application to Fourier beamforming
Authors: Ali Rehman , Dahl Jeremy
Published: May 2022

Fourier beamforming techniques for medical ultrasound imaging have largely been limited to linear transducer arrays. This work extends the angular spectrum method to curvilinear arrays and demonstrates a migration-based Fourier beamforming technique that has implications for sound speed estimation and distributed aberration correction for abdominal imaging applications. When compared to Field II simulations, the proposed angular spectrum method simulates the pressure field from a focused transmission to within 3.7% normalized root mean square error. The resulting Fourier beamforming technique is then compared to virtual source synthetic aperture using in vivo abdominal imaging examples where resolution and imaging quality improvements are observed.
Individualising Coaching in Olympic and Paralympic Worlds: An Applied Perspective
Authors: Simon Scott , Richards Pam
Published: May 2022

This practical advance paper outlines the complexity of simultaneously coaching in Olympic and Paralympic disciplines of canoeing. The paper integrates applied experience from the Tokyo Games with a critical review of disability literature to explore the importance of the creation of shared mental models to inform the development of a performance vision in elite sport. The paper first addresses the design and development of complex performance visions, which underpins the delivery of such elite programmes. Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, the paper addresses the fundamental issue that Paralympic sport is not a microcosm of Olympic sport and that performance visions and coaching processes created in an able-bodied environment cannot be cut, copied, and pasted into a Paralympic setting. Offering applied insight from this unique dual perspective, the paper discusses the complexity of designing a well-structured performance vision. We propose that although such performance visions developed in Olympic and Paralympic contexts share some similarities, the design of shared mental models needs to be bespoke to the performance setting. The paper articulates the additional complexities of shared mental models deployed in a paracanoe setting and offers recommendations as to how we can better support the construction of performance visions in Paralympic sport.
Genome-wide CRISPR screens using isogenic cells reveal vulnerabilities conferred by loss of tumor suppressors
Authors: Feng Xu , Tang Mengfan , Dede Merve , Su Dan , Pei Guangsheng , Jiang Dadi , Wang Chao , Chen Zhen , Li Mi , Nie Litong , Xiong Yun , Li Siting , Park Jeong-Min , Zhang Huimin , Huang Min , Szymonowicz Klaudia , Zhao Zhongming , Hart Traver , Chen Junjie
Published: May 2022

Exploiting cancer vulnerabilities is critical for the discovery of anticancer drugs. However, tumor suppressors cannot be directly targeted because of their loss of function. To uncover specific vulnerabilities for cells with deficiency in any given tumor suppressor(s), we performed genome-scale CRISPR loss-of-function screens using a panel of isogenic knockout cells we generated for 12 common tumor suppressors. Here, we provide a comprehensive and comparative dataset for genetic interactions between the whole-genome protein-coding genes and a panel of tumor suppressor genes, which allows us to uncover known and new high-confidence synthetic lethal interactions. Mining this dataset, we uncover essential paralog gene pairs, which could be a common mechanism for interpreting synthetic lethality. Moreover, we propose that some tumor suppressors could be targeted to suppress proliferation of cells with deficiency in other tumor suppressors. This dataset provides valuable information that can be further exploited for targeted cancer therapy.
Deep sub-angstrom resolution imaging by electron ptychography with misorientation correction
Authors: Sha Haozhi , Cui Jizhe , Yu Rong
Published: May 2022

Superresolution imaging of solids is essential to explore local symmetry breaking and derived material properties. Electron ptychography is one of the most promising schemes to realize superresolution imaging beyond aberration correction. However, to reach both deep sub-angstrom resolution imaging and accurate measurement of atomic structures, it is still required for the electron beam to be nearly parallel to the zone axis of crystals. Here, we report an efficient and robust method to correct the specimen misorientation in electron ptychography, giving deep sub-angstrom resolution for specimens with large misorientations. The method largely reduces the experimental difficulties of electron ptychography and paves the way for widespread applications of ptychographic deep sub-angstrom resolution imaging.
Rethinking genetic disease
The Carriers
Anne Skomorowsky
Columbia University Press, 2022. 280 pp.
Authors: Sullivan Bill
Published: May 2022

Carriers of the fragile X premutation can experience medical conditions of their own
Beating natural proteins at filtering water
Authors: Shen Yuexiao
Published: May 2022

Artificial fluorous channels outperform aquaporins in water permeation
Global fast-traveling tsunamis driven by atmospheric Lamb waves on the 2022 Tonga eruption
Authors: Kubota Tatsuya , Saito Tatsuhiko , Nishida Kiwamu
Published: May 2022

On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano erupted, producing tsunamis worldwide including first waves which arrived more than 2 hours earlier than what is expected for conventional tsunamis. We investigated the generation and propagation mechanisms of the tsunami “forerunner,” and our simulation found that fast-moving atmospheric Lamb waves drove the leading sea height rise whereas the scattering of the leading waves related to bathymetric variations in the Pacific Ocean produced subsequent long-lasting tsunamis. Tsunamis arriving later than the conventionally expected travel time are composed of various waves generated from both moving and static sources, which makes the tsunami, due to this eruption, much more complex and longer-lasting than ordinary earthquake-induced tsunamis.
Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga
Authors: Matoza Robin S. , Fee David , Assink Jelle D. , Iezzi Alexandra M. , Green David N. , Kim Keehoon , Toney Liam , Lecocq Thomas , Krishnamoorthy Siddharth , Lalande Jean-Marie , Nishida Kiwamu , Gee Kent L. , Haney Matthew M. , Ortiz Hugo D. , Brissaud Quentin , Martire Léo , Rolland Lucie , Vergados Panagiotis , Nippress Alexandra , Park Junghyun , Shani-Kadmiel Shahar , Witsil Alex , Arrowsmith Stephen , Caudron Corentin , Watada Shingo , Perttu Anna B. , Taisne Benoit , Mialle Pierrick , Le Pichon Alexis , Vergoz Julien , Hupe Patrick , Blom Philip S. , Waxler Roger , De Angelis Silvio , Snively Jonathan B. , Ringler Adam T. , Anthony Robert E. , Jolly Arthur D. , Kilgour Geoff , Averbuch Gil , Ripepe Maurizio , Ichihara Mie , Arciniega-Ceballos Alejandra , Astafyeva Elvira , Ceranna Lars , Cevuard Sandrine , Che Il-Young , De Negri Rodrigo , Ebeling Carl W. , Evers Läslo G. , Franco-Marin Luis E. , Gabrielson Thomas B. , Hafner Katrin , Harrison R. Giles , Komjathy Attila , Lacanna Giorgio , Lyons John , Macpherson Kenneth A. , Marchetti Emanuele , McKee Kathleen F. , Mellors Robert J. , Mendo-Pérez Gerardo , Mikesell T. Dylan , Munaibari Edhah , Oyola-Merced Mayra , Park Iseul , Pilger Christoph , Ramos Cristina , Ruiz Mario C. , Sabatini Roberto , Schwaiger Hans F. , Tailpied Dorianne , Talmadge Carrick , Vidot Jérôme , Webster Jeremy , Wilson David C.
Published: May 2022

The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (≲0.01 hertz), which we observed propagating for four (plus three antipodal) passages around Earth over 6 days. As measured by the Lamb wave amplitudes, the climactic Hunga explosion was comparable in size to that of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The Hunga eruption produced remarkable globally detected infrasound (0.01 to 20 hertz), long-range (~10,000 kilometers) audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations. Seismometers worldwide recorded pure seismic and air-to-ground coupled waves. Air-to-sea coupling likely contributed to fast-arriving tsunamis. Here, we highlight exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves.
Changing Predominance of Norovirus Recombinant Strains GII.2[P16] to GII.4[P16] and GII.4[P31] in Thailand, 2017 to 2018
Authors: Khamrin Pattara , Kumthip Kattareeya , Yodmeeklin Arpaporn , Jampanil Nutthawadee , Phengma Phitchakorn , Yamsakul Panuwat , Okitsu Shoko , Kobayashi Takeshi , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat
Published: May 2022

In the present study, the prevalence of norovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand between 2017 and 2018 was 14.9%. A variety of norovirus genotypes were detected, including GI.5, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.13, GII.14, and GII.17 with the predominance of GII.4 genotype.
Optimization of Preservation Methods Provides Insights into Photosynthetic Picoeukaryotes in Lakes
Authors: Liu Changqing , Lei Jin , Zhang Min , Wu Fan , Ren Mingdong , Yang Jinsheng , Wu Qinglong , Shi Xiaoli
Published: May 2022

PPEs contribute significantly to primary productivity in freshwater ecosystems. The combination of FCM sorting and high-throughput sequencing has been shown to be a powerful approach and can largely improve our view of the PPE diversity.
The low-angle breakaway system for the Northern Snake Range décollement in the Schell Creek and Duck Creek Ranges, eastern Nevada, USA: Implications for displacement magnitude
Authors: Long Sean P. , Lee Jeffrey , Blackford Nolan R.
Published: May 2022

Documenting the kinematics of detachment faults can provide fundamental insights into the ways in which the lithosphere evolves during high-magnitude extension. Although it has been investigated for 70 yr, the displacement magnitude on the Northern Snake Range décollement in eastern Nevada remains vigorously debated, with published estimates ranging between <10 and 60 km. To provide constraints on displacement on the Northern Snake Range décollement, we present retrodeformed cross sections across the west-adjacent Schell Creek and Duck Creek Ranges, which expose a system of low-angle faults that have previously been mapped as thrust faults. We reinterpret this fault system as the extensional Schell Creek Range detachment system, which is a stacked series of top-down-to-the-ESE brittle normal faults with 5°–10° stratigraphic cutoff angles that carry 0.1–0.5-km-thick sheets that are up to 8–13 km long. The western portion of the Schell Creek Range detachment system accomplished ~5 km of structural attenuation and is folded across an antiformal culmination that progressively grew during extension. Restoration using an Eocene unconformity as a paleohorizontal marker indicates that faults of the Schell Creek Range detachment system were active at ~5°–10°E dips. The Schell Creek Range detachment system accommodated 36 km of displacement via repeated excision, which is bracketed between ca. 36.5 and 26.1 Ma by published geochronology. Based on their spatial proximity, compatible displacement sense, overlapping deformation timing, and the similar stratigraphic levels to which these faults root, we propose that the Schell Creek Range detachment system represents the western breakaway system for the Northern Snake Range décollement. Debates over the pre-extensional geometry of the Northern Snake Range décollement hinder an accurate cumulative extension estimate, but our reconstruction shows that the Schell Creek Range detachment system fed at least 36 km of displacement eastward into the Northern Snake Range décollement.
Patient-centred outcomes of imaging tests: recommendations for patients, clinicians and researchers
Authors: Thompson Matthew J , Suchsland Monica Zigman , Hardy Victoria , Lavallee Danielle C , Lord Sally , Devine Emily Beth , Jarvik Jeffrey G , Findlay Steven , Trikalinos Thomas A , Walter Fiona M , Chou Roger , Green Beverly B , Wernli Karen J , Fitzpatrick Annette L , Bossuyt Patrick M
Published: May 2022

Background

Imaging tests are one of the most frequently used diagnostic modalities in healthcare, but the benefits of their direct impacts on clinical decision-making have been countered by concerns that they can be overused. Assessing the relative value of imaging tests has largely focused on measures of test accuracy, which overlooks more comprehensive benefits and risks of imaging tests, particularly their impact on patient-centred outcomes (PCOs). We present the findings of the Patient Reported Outcomes of Diagnostics (PROD) research study in response to a methodological gap in the area of diagnostic test comparative effectiveness research.

Methods

Over a 3-year period, the PROD Study engaged with multiple stakeholders to identify existing conceptual models related to PCOs for imaging testing, conducted primary research and evidence synthesis, and developed consensus recommendations to describe and categorise PCOs related to imaging testing.

Results

The PROD framework categorises PCOs from imaging studies within four main domains: information or knowledge yielded, physical impact, emotional outcomes and test burden. PCOs interact with each other and influence effects across domains, and can be modified by factors related to the patient, clinical situation, healthcare team and the testing environment.

Conclusions

Using PCOs to inform healthcare decision-making will require ways of collating and presenting information on PCOs in ways that can inform patient–provider decision-making, and developing methods to determine the relative importance of outcomes (including test accuracy) to one another.
National improvements in resident physician-reported patient safety after limiting first-year resident physicians’ extended duration work shifts: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Weaver Matthew D , Landrigan Christopher P , Sullivan Jason P , O'Brien Conor S , Qadri Salim , Viyaran Natalie , Czeisler Charles A , Barger Laura K
Published: May 2022

Background

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) enacted a policy in 2011 that restricted first-year resident physicians in the USA to work no more than 16 consecutive hours. This was rescinded in 2017.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study of resident physicians for 5 academic years (2002–2007) before and for 3 academic years (2014–2017) after implementation of the 16 hours 2011 ACGME work-hour limit. Our analyses compare trends in resident physician-reported medical errors between the two cohorts to evaluate the impact of this policy change.

Results

14 796 residents provided data describing 78 101 months of direct patient care. After adjustment for potential confounders, the work-hour policy was associated with a 32% reduced risk of resident physician-reported significant medical errors (rate ratio (RR) 0.68; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.72), a 34% reduced risk of reported preventable adverse events (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.74) and a 63% reduced risk of reported medical errors resulting in patient death (RR 0.37; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.49).

Conclusions

These findings have broad relevance for those who work in and receive care from academic hospitals in the USA. The decision to lift this work hour policy in 2017 may expose patients to preventable harm.
Endovascular retrieval of bullet fragment from the basilar artery terminus
Authors: Ahmed Syed Uzair , Kelly Michael E , Peeling Lissa
Published: May 2022

A pediatric patient presented after a gunshot injury to the right shoulder and thorax region, with injuries requiring a thoracotomy, tracheal repair, axillary artery repair, and external fixation of the humerus. A CT scan of the brain showed a metal fragment in the interpeduncular cistern. CT angiography confirmed a pellet occluding the basilar apex. Successful endovascular retrieval resulted in mobilizing the pellet from the basilar apex to the left vertebral artery proximal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. This vertebral artery was then sacrificed proximally to prevent re-embolization. We present our technique and discuss endovascular options for management of intracranial arterial embolization of bullet fragments.
Associated genetic variants and potential pathogenic mechanisms of brain arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Liu Junyu , Li Yifeng , Zhang Hao , Luo Chun , Yuan Dun , Jiang Weixi , Yan Junxia
Published: May 2022

Background

The pathogenic mechanism of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is poorly understood. A growing body of evidence indicates that genetic factors play crucial roles in bAVM. This study examined genetic variants associated with bAVM through quantitative synthesis and qualitative description of literature.

Methods

Five databases were searched to gather potentially relevant articles published up to January 2022. STATA 14.0 software was used for statistical analyses. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated with random effect models, and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and quantified with the I2test. Sensitivity and publication bias were analyzed to test the robustness of the associations. Variants identified in only one study or with great heterogeneity were not suitable for pooling association analysis, and therefore a qualitative systematic review was performed.

Results

In total, 30 papers were included in a systematic review involving 4709 cases and 7832 controls, where 17 papers were in a meta-analysis. A suggested association of bAVM was observed withACVRL1rs2071219 in the additive model andCDKN2B-AS1rs1333040 in the recessive and additive models. Other variants of genes that could not be analyzed were summarized by qualitative description. These genes were mostly involved in bone morphogenic protein/transforming growth factor beta (BMP/TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF/VEGFR), and RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and inflammation.

Conclusions

According to our meta-analysis,ACVRL1rs2071219 andCDKN2B-AS1rs1333040 were potentially associated with bAVM. Multiple pathological signaling pathways could affect disease development. Future studies should aim to determine the interaction of candidate genes with environmental risk factors and to elucidate detailed mechanisms of action of variants and genes.

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Pharyngo-tympano-stapedial middle meningeal artery variant supply to a falcotentorial dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Baker Amanda , Raygor Kunal , Caton M Travis , Narsinh Kazim H , Smith Eric , Dowd Christopher F , Cooke Daniel L , Higashida Randall T , Amans Matthew R , Abla Adib A , Hetts Steven W
Published: May 2022

The pharyngo-tympano-stapedial middle meningeal artery (PTS-MMA) variant has been described in one case report and never in the setting of arterial supply to a dural arteriovenous fistula, to our knowledge. We report the case of a middle-aged patient with severe, daily headache who presented to our institution for angiography and treatment. CT angiography and MRI demonstrated an enlarged left middle meningeal artery coursing to a large venous varix in the falcotentorial region. Dural arteriovenous fistula was confirmed by subsequent cerebral angiography. Endovascular treatment was performed but without complete obliteration of the fistula. Follow-up angiography demonstrated parasitized arterial supply from a right middle meningeal artery arising from the proximal cervical internal carotid artery coursing through the middle ear consistent with a PTS-MMA variant. The fistula was then treated surgically without recurrence at the 6-month follow-up.
On the upper bound of the orders of Jacobi forms
Authors: Aoki Hiroki
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we give an upper bound of the orders of Jacobi forms. For each fixed weight [Formula: see text], the growth rate of our upper bound divided by the index [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] goes to infinity is zero. Applying this result to Siegel paramodular forms, we know that the space of all formal series of Jacobi forms is finite dimensional.
ZN symmetry in SU(N) gauge theories
Authors: Biswal Minati , Digal Sanatan , Mamale Vinod , Shaikh Sabiar
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study [Formula: see text] symmetry of [Formula: see text] gauge group, in one-dimensional gauged chain. The action can be obtained by considering the terms of a [Formula: see text]-dimensional Euclidean lattice action of a [Formula: see text] gauge theory that break the [Formula: see text] symmetry explicitly. The matter fields in the resulting partition function can be integrated out exactly, for a given background of link variables, to calculate the Polyakov loop free energy. To keep the temperature fixed, the lattice spacing is scaled appropriately as the number of “temporal” sites is varied. In the case of Higgs as matter field, the Polyakov loop free energy exhibits the [Formula: see text] symmetry in the limit of large number of temporal sites. For fermions, the strength of [Formula: see text] explicit breaking decreases for finer lattices, but approaches a nonzero value in the same limit. We discuss the possible implications of these results to [Formula: see text] gauge theories in [Formula: see text] dimensions.
Finite basis problem for Catalan monoids with involution
Authors: Gao Meng , Zhang Wen Ting , Luo Yan Feng
Published: May 2022

It is known, since the early 2000s, that the Catalan monoid [Formula: see text] generated by [Formula: see text] elements is finitely based if and only if [Formula: see text]. The main goal of this paper is to prove that the involution monoid [Formula: see text] is non-finitely based. Therefore, in contrast, combining with previous results yields that the involution Catalan monoid [Formula: see text] is finitely based if and only if [Formula: see text].

The Kiselman monoid [Formula: see text] generated by [Formula: see text] elements is also considered. Although the semigroups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have recently been shown to satisfy the same identities, it is unknown if the same result holds when they are considered as involution semigroups. Nevertheless, it is deduced from the main result that the involution Kiselman monoid [Formula: see text] is finitely based if and only if [Formula: see text].
Approximations with deep neural networks in Sobolev time-space
Authors: Abdeljawad Ahmed , Grohs Philipp
Published: May 2022

Solutions of the evolution equation generally lie in certain Bochner–Sobolev spaces, in which the solutions may have regularity and integrability properties for the time variable that can be different for the space variables. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a framework that shows that deep neural networks can approximate Sobolev-regular functions with respect to Bochner–Sobolev spaces. In our work, we use the so-called Rectified Cubic Unit (ReCU) as an activation function in our networks. This activation function allows us to deduce approximation results of the neural networks while avoiding issues caused by the nonregularity of the most commonly used Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function.
A universal rank approximation method for matrix completion
Authors: Yan Jinyao , Meng Xinhong , Cao Feilong , Ye Hailiang
Published: May 2022

Matrix completion is critical in a wide range of scientific and engineering applications, such as image restoration and recommendation systems. This topic is commonly expressed as a low-rank matrix optimization framework. In this paper, a universal and effective rank approximation method for matrix completion (RAMC) is provided. Fundamental to this strategy is developing a general function that meets specific conditions in order to directly approach the rank function and subsequently utilizing it to build a RAMC model. The major goal is to investigate a more accurate estimate of the rank function, allowing for more effective acquisition of the low-rank structure of incomplete data. Further, the RAMC model is easily implemented by a viable iterative method that may be successfully used to matrix completion tasks. Extensive experiments using the synthetic data and natural images reveal the excellent applicability of RAMC over the existing methods.
Generalization and learning rate of multi-class support vector classification and regression
Authors: Dong Zijie , Gong Jiawen , Zou Bin , Wang Yichi , Xu Jie
Published: May 2022

The generalization is one of the main concerns of machine learning method. k-SVCR is an important multi-class classification algorithm, but there is no theoretical analysis on the generalization of k-SVCR algorithm up to now. Therefore, in this paper, we consider multi-class support vector classification and regression (MSVCR) algorithm. We first establish the generalization bounds of MSVCR based on uniformly ergodic Markovian chain (u.e.M.c.) samples, and obtain its fast learning rate of MSVCR. As applications, we estimate the generalization of MSVCR for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) observations and strongly mixing observations, respectively. We also propose a new MSVCR algorithm based on q-times Markovian resampling (MSVCR-Mar-q). The experimental studies indicate that compared to the classical k-SVCR and other multi-class SVM algorithms, the proposed algorithm not only has smaller misclassification rate, but also has less sampling and training total time.
Conjugation matters. Bioctonionic Veronese vectors and Cayley–Rosenfeld planes
Authors: Corradetti Daniele , Marrani Alessio , Chester David , Aschheim Ray
Published: May 2022

Motivated by the recent interest in Lie algebraic and geometric structures arising from tensor products of division algebras and their relevance to high energy theoretical physics, we analyze generalized bioctonionic projective and hyperbolic planes. After giving a Veronese representation of the complexification of the Cayley plane [Formula: see text], we present a novel, explicit construction of the bioctonionic Cayley–Rosenfeld plane [Formula: see text], again by exploiting Veronese coordinates. We discuss the isometry groups of all generalized bioctonionic planes, recovering all complex and real forms of the exceptional groups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and characterizing such planes as symmetric and Hermitian symmetric spaces. We conclude by discussing some possible physical applications.
Non-Archimedean approximation of the m-Apollonius type functional equation
Authors: Ghaffaripour Anoshirvan
Published: May 2022

Throughout this paper, using the fixed point and direct methods, the generalized Hyers–Ulam stability of the following [Formula: see text]-Appolonius type functional equation [Formula: see text] has been proven, where [Formula: see text] is a positive integer greater than [Formula: see text], in non-Archimedean normed spaces.
Exact solutions of nonlinear dynamics of microtubules equation using the methods of first integral and (G′ G ) expansion
Authors: Poonia Mahima , Singh K.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, microtubules nonlinear dynamics has been investigated through two different approaches — the first integral method and the [Formula: see text] expansion method — with an objective of deriving traveling wave solutions to the considered model governed by nonlinear partial differential equation by first reducing it to nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The classes of solutions, furnished by these two methods, form a completely new contribution. In some cases, we also demonstrate that various solutions reported earlier in literature can also be recovered as special cases from the solutions constructed in this study.
Fixed point theorems of contraction mappings with variations in cone metric space domains
Authors: Siva G.
Published: May 2022

Fixed point iterations of some contraction mappings with variations in cone metric space (CMS) domains have been discussed in this paper. More specifically, an increasing sequence of subsets of an order complete CMSs has been considered such that one member of the sequence is mapped into the next member of the sequence by a map for which a contraction condition is satisfied. The usual iteration method has been considered to establish generalized fixed point results in CMSs. Furthermore, some examples are provided to illustrate our main results.
On connected co-independent domination in the join, corona and lexicographic product of graphs
Authors: Detalla Reyna Mae L. , Perocho Marlou T. , Rara Helen M. , Canoy Sergio R.
Published: May 2022

A dominating set [Formula: see text] is called a connected co-independent dominating set of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a finite simple undirected graph, if [Formula: see text] is a connected dominating set of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an independent set. The minimum cardinality of such a set, denoted by [Formula: see text], is called the connected co-independent domination number of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study this concept and the corresponding parameter in graphs resulting from the join, corona and lexicographic product of two graphs. Specifically, we characterize the connected co-independent dominating sets in these types of graphs and determine the exact values of their connected co-independent domination numbers.
Modeling the effect of uniform and nonuniform dispersion of nanofillers on electrical tree propagation in polyethylene dielectric
Authors: Azhar Khola , Amin Salman
Published: May 2022

A phase-field model is developed in this paper based on the similarity between mechanical fracture and dielectric breakdown. Electrical treeing is associated with the dielectric breakdown in solid dielectrics by the application of high voltages. Instead of explicitly tracing the propagation of conductive channel, this model initializes a continuous phase field to characterize the extent of damage. So far, limited research has been conducted for simulating the effect of nanofiller dispersion on electrical treeing. No study has modeled the effect of uniform and nonuniform dispersion of nanofillers with varying filler concentration on treeing. Since electrical treeing tends to decrease the breakdown strength of solid dielectrics therefore, nanofillers are widely used to distract the tree from a straight channel to distribute its energy in multiple paths. Diverting a straight treeing channel into multiple paths reduces the chances of its propagation from live to dead-end hence, improving the breakdown strength. The physical and chemical nature of nanofillers has a crucial impact on increasing the resistance to treeing. In this paper, phase-field model is developed and used to simulate electrical treeing in polyethylene for varying concentrations of alumina nanofiller using COMSOL Multiphysics. Tree inception time, tree-growth patterns, and corresponding changes in dielectric strength is studied for both dispersions. Electrical treeing under different concentrations of alumina nanofillers with uniform and nonuniform dispersion is investigated in polyethylene as a base material. It is observed that fillers with uniform dispersion increases the resistance to treeing and tree inception time. Highest resistance to treeing is observed by adding 1% nanoalumina uniformly in raw polyethylene. Moreover, in uniform dispersion the tree deflects into multiple branches earlier than nonuniform dispersion impeding the damage speed as well.