bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on people suffering from dysfunctional eating behaviours: a linguistic analysis of the contents shared in an online community during the lockdown
Authors: Albano Gaia , Bonfanti Rubinia Celeste , Gullo Salvatore , Salerno Laura , Lo Coco Gianluca
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread several months ago from China and it is now a global pandemic. The experience of lockdown has been an undesirable condition for people with mental health problems, including eating disorders. The present study has the aim of understanding the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with selfreported disordered eating behaviours. A linguistic analysis was carried out with regard to the online posts and comments published by 1971 individuals (86% women) in a Facebook online community focusing on EDs during the lockdown. A total of 244 posts and 3603 comments were collected during the 56 days of lockdown (from the 10th of March until the 4th of May 2020) in Italy and were analysed by Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. The results showed that words related to peer support decreased in posts over time, and that anxiety and anger increased in the published comments. Moreover, greater feelings of negativity and anxiety were found in posts and comments throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as lesser use of words related to positive emotions. Thematic qualitative analysis revealed eight themes that described the main subjective components of ED symptomatology and distress during the first COVID-19 lockdown. The current findings can help in delivering tailored treatments to people with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A 24-Month Evaluation of Self-Adhering Flowable Composite Compared to Conventional Flowable Composite in Conservative Simple Occlusal Restorations
Authors: Shaalan Omar Osama , Abou-Auf Eman
Published: December 2021

Background:

Self-adhering flowable composite (SAFC) simplified restorative procedures, especially when compared to conventional techniques. Self-adhering composite revolutionized restorative dentistry by merging advances of adhesive and restorative materials to generate the so-called “eighth generation.”

Aims:

The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the clinical performance of SAFC compared to conventional flowable composite in minimally invasive occlusal cavities.

Settings and Design:

A total of 18 patients with conservative occlusal cavities received randomly two types of restorations in a split-mouth design.

Materials and Methods:

Vertise™ Flow or Filtek™ Z350XT Flowable was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. All restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 24 months, respectively, by two blinded assessors using modified USPHS criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square test was used for intragroup comparison between time points and intergroup comparison within each time point. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Relative risk was used to determine the clinical significance.

Results:

The results of the current study have revealed no statistically significant difference between both materials for all tested outcomes at baseline and after 24 months.

Conclusions:

SAFC revealed satisfactory clinical performance in restoration of minimally invasive occlusal cavities after 24-month follow-up.
Comparison of Time-kill Assay to Evaluate the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Guava (Psidium guajava) Extracts on Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Shetty Sunaina , Shetty Raghavendra M. , Rahman Betul , Reddy Manchala Sesha , Shetty Shishir Ram , Vannala Venkataramana , Desai Vijay , Halkai Rahul
Published: December 2021

Background:

The role of Gram-negative anaerobic periodontal pathogens in periodontal diseases has led to the loss of tooth-supporting structures. These diseases can be prevented by the inhibition of bacterial biofilm on the tooth surfaces. Many treatment modalities have been tried to prevent periodontal diseases. With the rise in resistance to synthetic antimicrobials, there is a requirement to develop natural antimicrobials for the control of periodontitis.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) and guava (Psidium guajava) extracts on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using time-kill assay.

Materials and Methods:

Aqueous garlic extract (AGaE), ethanolic garlic extract (EGaE), aqueous guava extract (AGuE), and ethanolic guava extract (EGuE) were prepared. Time-kill assays were performed on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of guava and garlic were compared to assess the maximum bactericidal potency.

Results:

The comparison of time-kill assay of AGaE and AGuE on P. gingivalis showed a statistically significant difference at 2 h (t = 5.29, P < 0.01), 4 h (t = −4.867, P < 0.01), and 6 h (t = −3.647, P < 0.001). The comparison of time-kill assay of EGaE and EGuE on A. actinomycetemcomitans showed a statistically significant difference at 2 h (t = 4.54, P < 0.01) and highly significant difference at 4 h (t = 6.57, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The, judicious use of these phytomedicinal products could be cost-effective and also the adverse effects caused due to the long-term usage of synthetic antimicrobials can be avoided.
Osteosclerotic Bone Disorder - Pyknodysostosis
Authors: Kumar N. Vinay , Gugapriya T. S. , Arun Guru Thangiah
Published: December 2021

Pyknodysostosis is an autosomal recessive osteoclastic dysfunction characterized by generalized hyperostosis and short stature which has mere 10 cases reported from India out of 133 globally reported cases. This rare disorder is due to defective lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin K in chromosome 21. A male child of 11 years underwent radiological investigation for stunted growth. Examination revealed less height for age, retarded mandibular growth, dysmorphic facial growth, and proportionately short fingers. Radiological findings showed generalized osteosclorosis, hypoplastic paranasal air sinuses, spool-shaped dorsolumbar vertebral bodies, acro-osteolysis of terminal phalanges, and scalloped acetabulum with increased bone density. Management of child should be aimed at correcting anemia and primary prevention of fractures. The postnatal craniofacial development needs to be monitored. Long-term management should aim at genetic mapping and therapy with bone marrow transplantation.
A Contemporary Algorithm to Manage Acute Rib Fractures in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Carr John Alfred
Published: December 2021

Operative stabilization of both flail and nonflail rib fractures has become very common, with a 76% increase in community hospitals over the past 10 years. This review will explain the rationale and evidence for improved outcomes with operative management of rib fractures, describe the contemporary strategy, and give an algorithm to follow for the management of critical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting with rib fractures. A PubMed and Medline literature search was conducted with the search terms of rib fractures, rib stabilization, rib plating, chest trauma, chest wall, flail chest, nonflail, and ribs. The level of evidence supporting an intervention was evaluated based on the available prospective, randomized trials, nonrandomized trials, retrospective studies, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and reviews. Selected publications of interest on both rib plating and conservative treatment were retrieved and their bibliographies were also reviewed to identify relevant publications. Data from the relevant publications were reviewed, summarized, and the information synthesized. Rib plating has shown improved outcomes in both flail and nonflail rib fractures. Both prospective and retrospective data document a decreased duration of mechanical ventilation, decreased mortality, less pain, decreased incidence of pneumonia, decreased need for tracheostomy, decreased length of ICU and hospital stay, faster return to work, less overall cost, and better pulmonary function at 6 months. The proposed algorithm based on the presented data allows the physician to easily determine which patients are appropriate for rib plating.
Permutation polynomials over Galois fields of characteristic
Authors: Dahiru Z.L. , Lawan A.M.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a class of permutation polynomial known as o-polynomial over Galois fields of characteristic 2 was studied. A necessary and sufficients condition for a monomial 𝑥2k to be an o-polynomial over F2t  is given and two results obtained by Gupta and Sharma (2016) were deduced.
Assessment of repeatability and representativeness of testing sites for provitamin a maize in savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria
Authors: Oyekunle M. , Ado S.G. , Usman I.S.
Published: December 2021

Identification of ideal testing sites for selection of superior maize (Zea mays L.) germplam is vital to the success of a maize breeding programme. Sixteen provitamin A maize genotypes were evaluated at seven locations in savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria for 3 yr to assess the representativeness, discriminating ability, and repeatability of the testing sites and to identify ideal testing sites for selection of superior maize germplasm. Location, year, and their interaction effects were significant for grain yield and mostmeasured traits while genotype and genotype ´x year interactive effects were significant for grain yield. The genotype main effects plus genotype ´x environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis revealed PVA SYN-18 F2 as the highest-yielding and most stable genotype across environments. The GGE biplot identified Zaria, Saminaka, and Kaboji as the most discriminating locations. Also, the biplot identified Kaboji, Batsari, Saminaka, and Zaria as the most repeatable locations. Zaria and Saminaka, being among the most discriminating, representative and repeatable locations, were considered as the core testing sites for selection of superior maize genotypes for release and commercialization. The core testing sites identified in this study should facilitate the identification of stable and high-yielding maize germplasm adaptable to the savannas agro-ecologies of Nigeria.
Dzieje huty żelaza w Ząbkowicach. Industrialne związki Księstwa Siewierskiego ze Staropolskim Okręgiem Przemysłowym
Authors: Kozak Bartosz
Published: December 2021

Mateusz Siembab, Andrzej J. Wójcik, Zarys dziejów huty żelaza w Ząbkowicach (1763–1794), Instytut Historii Nauki im. L. i A. Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 2020, ss. 215.

The article is a review of Zarys dziejów huty żelaza w Ząbkowicach (1763–1794) [Outline of the history of the ironworks in Ząbkowice (1763–1794)] by Mateusz Siembab and Andrzej J. Wójcik. The content of the work was subjected to critical analysis, confronting it with the findings of other authors. Information on industrial plants in the Siewierz center was compared with the data for selected facilities in the Old-Polish Industrial District. A similarity was found between the two industrial centers, both in technical and organizational terms.
The Efficacy of Policy and Legal Framework for Cooperative Governance and Local Economic Development (LED) in Small Towns in a Selected Region in South Africa
Authors: Kamara Richard Douglas , Rabie Babette
Published: December 2021

The paper reports on a study investigating the efficacy of policy and legal framework for coop­erative governance and LED to facilitate and coordinate responses to socio-economic concerns in the selected small towns in South Africa. The policy and legal framework place the onus for development on the local municipalities and urge the municipalities to partner with other stakeholders such as the business and the civil society to manage and respond to socio-economic concerns within the municipalities. The purpose of this paper is to review the ‘efficacy of the policy and legal framework’ to facilitate ‘cooperative governance’ and ‘LED’, specifically in six municipalities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Data were collected from government officials, private and civil sector through three data collection instruments, namely, document review, interviews and focus group discussions. The key findings from the study are mixed. The policy design and implementation were established problematic in multifarious ways. However, the findings also provide a glimpse of hopes in matters of public accountability by providing policy guidelines aimed at promoting accountability amongst government role-players. Given the backdrop, some recommendations are provided in this paper. This paper provides feedbacks for policy makers and implementers on the performance of policy and legal framework that informs the cooperative governance of local economies, specifically in small towns, to establish as to what is effective to replicate in form of good practice and what is under-performing for possible review. This assist in improving the understanding of the context that may inhibit or enable stakeholders in taking full advantage of collaborative-led developmental interventions to further peoples’ lives and to enhance their opportunities to partake in matters of development in their municipalities.
Kryzys mieszkaniowy w wybranych krajach Europy i w Stanach Zjednoczonych
Authors: Latko Pola
Published: December 2021

W artykule poddaję analizie sytuację mieszkaniową w wybranych państwach Europy i w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Artykuł został podzielony na kilka części opisujących przyczyny i skutki kryzysu hipotecznego w Stanach Zjednoczonych, bezdomności pracowników Doliny Krzemowej, „pęknięcia” bańki mieszkaniowej w Hiszpanii, problemów mieszkaniowych na Wyspach Brytyjskich (pustostany w Londynie i kryzys wynajmu w Irlandii), buntu lokatorskiego w Berlinie i ubóstwa mieszkaniowego w Polsce. We wstępie uzasadniam, dlaczego mieszkanie powinno być postrzegane jako prawo człowieka, a nie towar. Zwracam uwagę na to, że od lat 80. XX wieku rządy państw rozwiniętych wycofywały się z zarządzania gospodarką mieszkaniową, pozwalając na jej regulację mechanizmom rynkowym. W każdym z omawianych państw doprowadziło to do znacznego wzrostu cen nieruchomości i wynajmu oraz napływu kapitału spekulacyjnego. Jako odmienny przykład wskazuję Wiedeń, gdzie rynek nieruchomości jest wciąż regulowany przez miasto i dzięki temu zdołano uniknąć tego scenariusza. Housing crisis in selected European countries and in the USA In this article I analyze the housing situation in selected European countries and in the USA. The article is divided into several parts in which I describe causes and effects of the mortgage crisis in the United States, homelessness of Silicon Valley workers, the Spanish real estate bubble “burst”, housing problems in the British Isles (vacancies in London and the rental crisis in Ireland), the tenant revolt in Berlin and housing poverty in Poland. In the introduction I justify why housing should be seen as a human right and not as a commodity. I note that since the 1980s governments of developed countries have withdrawn from housing management, allowing it to be regulated by market mechanisms. In each of the countries under review, this has led to a significant increase in property and rental prices as well as an inflow of venture capital. As an opposite example, I mention Vienna, where the real estate market is still regulated by the city, thus it managed to avoid this scenario.
Wydawnictwa periodyczne Centrali Abstynenckiej Kół Młodzieży (1925–1931)
Authors: Krasińska Izabela
Published: December 2021

Periodical Publications of the Abstinence Center of the Youth Circles (1925–1931)

The subject of the article is the genesis and the content analysis of two abstinence periodicals addressed to the young people and published in Krakow, Wiadomości Abstynenckie (1925–1926) and Młodzież Abstynencka (1927–1931). These were the press organs of the Abstinence Center of the Youth Circles, organized in 1925 in Kraków and in Poznań the following year. The initiator of the Central Office was Fr. Mieczysław Kuznowicz, the educator of the neglected workers and the craftsmen, a clergyman from the Jesuit congregation. The primary goal of these magazines was to inform the readers about the functioning of the Abstinence Center of the Youth Circles, which through its various activities tried to reduce the alcohol consumption among the Polish youth. Wiadomości Abstynenckie and Młodzież Abstynencka have been outside of the range of interest of the press and addiction historians. The article presents the results of content analysis of the two eponymous periodicals and on the basis of selected literature on the subject. The conducted analysis confirms the validity of the assumption that the discussed periodicals, along with the other abstinence papers of that period, were the active way of fighting against the addictions, especially alcoholism among the younger generations of Poles.

STRESZCZENIE

Przedmiotem artykułu jest geneza i analiza zawartości dwóch pism abstynenckich, adresowanych do młodzieży i wydawanych w Krakowie periodyków Wiadomości Abstynenckie (1925–1926) i Młodzież Abstynencka (1927–1931). Jak wykazały badania, były to organy prasowe zorganizowanej w 1925 r. w Krakowie i w kolejnym roku w Poznaniu Centrali Abstynenckiej Kół Młodzieży. Zainicjował ją o. Mieczysław Kuznowicz – duchowny ze zgromadzenia jezuitów i wychowawca zaniedbanej młodzieży robotniczej i rzemieślniczej. Nadrzędny cel tych pism obejmował informowanie czytelników o funkcjonowaniu Centrali Abstynenckiej Kół Młodzieży, która poprzez różnorodną działalność starała się wpłynąć na ograniczenie spożycia alkoholu wśród polskiej młodzieży. Wiadomości Abstynenckie i Młodzież Abstynencka nie cieszyły się do tej pory większym zainteresowaniem historyków prasy oraz historyków uzależnień. Tekst powstał na bazie analizy zawartości treściowej tych dwóch periodyków oraz na podstawie wybranej literatury przedmiotu. Przeprowadzone analizy potwierdzają słuszność założenia, że omawiane tytuły, obok innych abstynenckich pism tego okresu, aktywnie włączyły się w zwalczanie nałogów, a zwłaszcza alkoholizmu wśród młodych pokoleń Polaków.
Ewolucja i rynek mediów publicznych w Hiszpanii
Authors: Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Dagmara Głuszek-Szafraniec: Publiczni nadawcy w regionach autonomicznych Hiszpanii. Między misją a polityką. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2020, s. 378.
Railway atlases: bibliography of the cartographic products published worldwide between 1945 and 2021
Authors: Kowalczyk Karol
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper is to present the results of a study compiling a bibliography of railway atlases published worldwide between 1945 and 2021. The atlases are a specific kind of product that supports cartographic communication of information regarding the current or former state of the railway network in a certain area. They are used in professional activities, for travel planning, or as a historical source. The research identified 253 unique titles forming 348 separate volumes. The bibliographic data are presented in tables corresponding to particular geographic regions. The lists are preceded by a descriptive part devoted to the origins of railway cartography, research methods, and a brief overview of selected items.
Analiza porównawcza ruchu pociągów pasażerskich w Polsce w latach 2010 i 2020
Authors: Bocheński Tadeusz
Published: December 2021

Analiza porównawcza ruchu pociągów pasażerskich w Polsce w latach 2010 i 2020, Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 24(2), 69-82. Streszczenie: Celem artykułu było zbadanie obciążenia sieci kolejowej w Polsce ruchem pociągów pasażerskich, według stanu na początku 2020 r. i jego porównanie z początkiem 2010 r. Lata 2010-2020 to okres intensywnych inwestycji kolejowych i rozwoju rynku przewoźników regionalnych. Jednocześnie długość sieci kolejowej została skrócona. Nastąpił jednak wzrost wielkości przewozów pasażerskich i natężenia ruchu pociągów, szczególnie w ruchu regionalnym. Inwestycje infrastrukturalne i zaangażowanie samorządów wpłynęły na poprawę oferty kolei. Poprawa ta nie dotyczyła jednak obszaru całego kraju. Najbardziej widoczna była ona na terenie aglomeracji warszawskiej, wrocławskiej i poznańskiej, zaś najsłabiej w północno-wschodniej Polsce. Niekorzystnie pod tym względem wypada również pogranicze województw śląskiego i małopolskiego. Comparative analysis of passenger train traffic in Poland in 2010 and 2020 The aim of the article was to examine the load on the railway network in Poland with passenger train traffic as at the beginning of 2020 and its comparison with the beginning of 2010. The years 2010-2020 are a period of intense railway investments and the development of regional carriers market. At the same time, the length of the railway network has been shortened. However, the volume of passenger transport and the intensity of train traffic increased, especially in regional traffic. Infrastructural investments and the involvement of local governments improved the railway offers. However, this improvement did not apply to the entire country. It was most visible in the areas of the Warsaw, Wrocław, and Poznań agglomerations, and the weakest in north-eastern Poland. The border of the voivodeship is also unfavorable in this respect. Silesia and Lesser Poland.
Contextos de investigación educativa para el desarrollo social
Authors: Chiriboga-Dávalos Jacqueline , Cedeño-Delgado Gladys María , Chávez-Castillo José Enrique
Published: December 2021

El sistema educativo es responsable de la formación de cada generación, por lo que se adaptará a los cambios en la sociedad circundante a lo largo de los años. Los cambios tecnológicos, las revoluciones de la información y los cambios en los hábitos de trabajo requieren cambios fundamentales en los métodos de enseñanza para que las generaciones futuras puedan estar completamente preparadas para la realidad moderna. La práctica educativa contemporánea plantea desafíos y cambios necesarios al proceso de enseñanza del ciberespacio y entorno virtual, y se convierte en un lugar de aprendizaje. La emoción, la percepción y la imaginación forman la base del conocimiento adulto significativo. Este supuesto teórico es fundamental para el proceso de enseñanza en un entorno virtual. El rápido desarrollo de la tecnología obviamente ha tenido un impacto significativo en el sector de la educación. Uno de ellos es con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) que se utilizan comúnmente como un recurso de aprendizaje, ya sea en forma de medios de instrucción o simplemente como un depósito de material, e incluso la gestión de actividades de aprendizaje, como por ejemplo el aprendizaje electrónico, aprendizaje a distancia entre otras. La interacción de los estudiantes con las TIC ciertamente estaba aumentando, debido a las demandas del proceso de aprendizaje. Por tanto, las TIC se vuelven importantes para ser una preocupación para los educadores.

Palabras claves: Educación, Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, Aprendizaje.
Auditoria empresarial un enfoque desde la empresa pública y privada en el Ecuador
Authors: Angulo-Murillo Navira , Chiriboga-Mendoza Marola , Tuarez-Rendon María Melania
Published: December 2021

En la actualidad la Auditoria en el ámbito empresarial es considerada una estrategia eficaz que puede ser utilizada para identificar problemáticas en la estructura y metodología operacional de las empresas públicas y privadas. La misma puede darse de manera independiente, es decir, a través de la contratación de una empresa especializada en el ámbito de la auditoria empresarial, o puede ser interna, lo que significa que la administración de la empresa es la que se va a encargar de evaluar las falencias y fortalezas en las metodologías operacionales, sin embargo, esta última requiere de manera indispensable la capacitación del sector destinado a llevar a cabo la auditoria. A nivel nacional, el gobierno ha aplicado reformas basadas en principios fundamentales de ética y responsabilidad social destinadas a que las auditorias en las empresas públicas se hagan a través de subcontrataciones para garantizar que exista transparencia con referente a la gestión de los recursos.

Palabras claves: auditoría, empresa, administración, gestión de recursos.
EKSPLORASI KULTUR BERBASIS PROGRAM HOLISTIC INTEGRATIF DI SMP ISTIQOMAH SAMBAS PURBALINGGA
Authors: Anggraini Dian , Qori'ah Eti Nur , Prasetyaningrum Fera Dwi , Khoiri Ahmad , Arifin Ikhwandi
Published: December 2021

The holistic, integrative program is needed for excellent schools because this program offers a variety of integrative services that support school programs to be more optimal. The service aims to know the implementation of a holistic, integrative program to support school culture at SMP Istiqamah Sambas Purbalingga, Central Java. The service method with case studies is based on findings in the field through direct observation data collection techniques and interviews with school principals, teachers, and students. The activity results show that the implementation begins with problem analysis, socialization, monitoring and evaluation of the program, and follow-up. SMP Istiqamah Sambas shows a good school culture based on monitoring and evaluating the holistic, integrative program of more than 75% achieved for each service indicator so that the holistic, integrative program effectively improves the superior school culture
ATUAÇÃO DO AGENTE COMUNITÁRIO DE SAÚDE NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NA ZONA RURAL
Authors:   Faculdade Evangélica de Goianésia, GO, Brasil., Steckelberg Thiago Brito , Carmo Ana Lídia do ,   Faculdade Evangélica de Goianésia, GO, Brasil.
Published: December 2021

The Community Health Workers (CHW) performs the initial care in households, in order to collect information and interact in a healthy way with the community. It is important to understand the role that these professionals perform in rural areas, as their duties are of fundamental importance within the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Given this, the present study seeks, through a narrative review, to find scientific evidence and information in the available literature regarding the difficulties and challenges of CHW's work in rural areas. After surveying and collecting the results, 15 articles were selected, which showed that the difficulties faced by the CHWs who work in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the rural area are mainly related to 1) difficulty of access to rural families, 2) overload of tasks inherent to other professionals of the ESF, 3) low qualification and 4) little recognition. Even with all these difficulties, it was proven that the role of this professional is of extreme significance in promoting health actions and improving the quality of life in the communities in which they act. This study concludes that these professionals have changed the reality of many communities; and that they can optimize their potential in promoting health in rural areas through public policies and initiatives that contribute to minimizing the difficulties related to their work standards.
Scandals in auditing companies as an example of market self-regulation
Authors: Adán Roselló Alejandro
Published: December 2021

Market self-regulation is a process by which the market constantly regulates itself thanks to the interaction and relationships between the forces and agents that operate in it. In this context, auditing companies play a fundamental role in verifying the companies' accounting information, which must represent a true image of the economic and financial reality of the company, necessary for the efficiency of the self-regulation system. This article seeks, based on the analysis of the audit work in Spain, and in cases of accounting fraud scandals in which various audit firms have been sprinkled in our country, to conclude whether or not this self-regulatory system is an efficient system.
Spanish financial institutions facing the challenge of digitalization: The case of payment systems
Authors: Viñals Guitart Carlos
Published: December 2021

Technological development has brought about major changes in all aspects and spheres of society. Among the various environments where technological applications have brought improvements and transformed the usual way of operating, we highlight the financial sector. Indeed, technology has substantially modified the processes and mechanisms on which its operation is based, especially in the area of payments, due to the need for reliability, security and immediacy to improve the way in which money is transmitted between the different agents that interact in it. This digitization of payment systems has been made possible by various factors, including the emergence of new business models and the emergence of large technology companies, as well as the application of new technologies that streamline payment processes. This has forced the financial sector and, specifically, financial institutions, the main drivers of the financial system, to accelerate innovation in the payments sector in order to face these new challenges. This paper analyses payment systems, how they work, the services they provide and the challenges and opportunities that can be identified as a result of technological innovation in the financial sector. It also presents the strategies being followed by Spanish financial institutions in terms of the development of new services and capabilities to cope with these changes.
Crimen y Castigo en la Filosofía del Derecho de Hegel
Authors: Pérez Cortés Sergio
Published: December 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar la concepción que la Filosofía del Derecho ofrece de la conciencia que fracasa moralmente. La originalidad de Hegel es que coloca el problema del mal (y del bien) en torno a la libertad humana. Comprender el surgimiento del mal exige examinar la dialéctica incesante entre la naturaleza finita del ser humano y su naturaleza espiritual asociada a la ley y el derecho. De este modo, ofrece una compresión del crimen que no descansa ni en las profundidades del alma, ni el misterio de la religión. El crimen es un acto humano y por ello puede elaborarse una teoría de la pena que descansa en la dignidad y la libertad del culpable. El artículo se propone mostrar que Hegel ofrece una concepción propia de la acción humana, en el bien y en el mal y propone que, a pesar de su aspecto abominable, es posible una reconciliación del criminal con la Vida. Como conclusión sugerimos que esta dialéctica inteligible es la que se exhibe en Raskólnikov, el personaje central de la obra bien conocida de Dostoyevski.
The Characteristics of Liquid Soap with Additional Variations of Moringa Seed Extract (Moringa oleifera L.)
Authors: Rusdianto Andrew Setiawan , Yulianti Atika , Suwasono Sony , Wiyono Andi Eko
Published: December 2021

Soap is a cleaning compound formed from the reaction between fatty acid compounds and alkaline bases. Various types of soap have been circulating in the market, one of which is liquid soap. Liquid soap that has antibacterial abilities is needed by many people. Moringa seed extract is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as an active ingredient in making liquid soap because it can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the addition of extracts and to obtain the best extract concentration treatment on physical, chemical, and organoleptic. The addition of moringa seed extract used was administered at 3%, 5%, and 7%. Data analysis was carried out by applying the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a significant level of 5%. The De Garmo method was used to formulate the best liquid soap recommendation among various treatments. The results showed that the addition of moringa seed extract had a significant effect on the parameters of free alkali content, viscosity, specific gravity, antibacterial activity, and organoleptic. The best recommendation for liquid soap is a soap with a concentration of 7% with specific gravity characteristics of 1.066 g/ml, the viscosity of 1.983 cP, pH value of 10.53, foaming power of 5.63 cm, foam stability of 94.64%, and free alkali content of 0.023%, and the antibacterial ability against S. aureus bacteria (clear zone) was 19.17 mm.
The Optimization of Catfish Smart Flavor Production by Biduri and Papain Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Witono Yuli , Masahid Ardiyan Dwi , Belgis Maria , Rizky Zuida Amalina
Published: December 2021

The consumption of Monosodium Glutamate with a large amount can lead to nerve cell damage to the brain so that natural ingredients substitute MSG is needed. In this research, we produced smart flavors from catfish through enzymatic hydrolysis by combining papain and biduri enzymes. The purpose of the study was to identify the influence of enzyme concentration and length of hydrolysis on the smart flavor characteristics and determine the best treatment to produce smart flavors. The parameters identified were color, yield, moisture content, dissolved proteins, degrees of hydrolysis, antioxidants, water binding ability, and emulsion stability. The results show the highest brightness are biduri and papain combination by 60:40 with one-hour hydrolysis. The highest dissolved protein is 50:50 combination with three-hour hydrolysis. In addition, antioxidant activity is marked in a combination of 50:50 with one-hour hydrolysis.
The Western Ideology and Other Essays
Authors: Gamble Andrew
Published: December 2021

The Western Ideology and Other Essays brings together for the first time Andrew Gamble's writings on political ideas and ideologies, which illustrate the main themes of his writing in intellectual history and the history of ideas, including economic liberalism and neoliberalism, and critiques from both social democratic and conservative perspectives.
HAŠKI PROTOKOL O MERODAVNOM PRAVU ZA OBAVEZE IZDRŽAVANjA IZ 2007. GODINE – OSVRT NA KLjUČNE ODREDBE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Pavlović Mina
Published: December 2021

After decades of Hague Conference for private international law's working and several international instruments, enacted by this organisation after the Second World War in the field of private international law aspects of maintenance, Hague Protocol on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations is adopted. Comprehensiveness of the conflict of law solutions relating to different mutual bases of maintenance with international element, selection of adequate linking factors in this filed and certain solutions, based on favor creditoris principle give to Hague Protocol a landmark of quality and significant source of private international law. As Hague Protocol is included in our conflict of law system, the author in this paper exposes the scope of application of this source, it’s key provisions and significance for domestic private international law.
DRŽAVNA POMOĆ ZA ISTRAŽIVANjE I RAZVOJ I INOVACIJE ZA KOJU SE PRETPOSTAVLjA DA JE KOMPATIBILNA SA UNUTRAŠNjIM TRŽIŠTEM
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Šokinjov Stefan
Published: December 2021

Capital for conducting R&D projects is relatively more expensive than for ordinary investment. That is why public support i.e. state aid is necessary. Preferred type of state aid for research & development and innovation is direct funding in the form of grants. This type of state aid generally belongs to state aids that may be considered to be compatible with the internal market. If a new state aid compatible with the internal market European Commission must find out separately for every notified aid. But if state aid for research & development and innovation is awarded under conditions laid down by Commission Regulation (EU) No 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty, there is a legal presumption that state aid is compatible with the internal market and at the same time it is exempted from the notification requirement. State aid that is considered compatible with the internal market can be given for: research and development projects, research infrastructures, innovation clusters, innovation by SMEs, process and organisational innovation and research and development in the fishery and aquaculture sector.
TEACHER THEORY AND ADAPTABLE MODEL: AN APPLICATION TO TEACHING PROFESSION
Authors: Mallillin Leovigildo Lito D.
Published: December 2021

The application of teaching profession in the teacher theory and adaptable model defines a teaching work and features that involves the change, novelty, and daily basis of uncertainty. The change is effectively a response to the necessary adaptability among teachers in their function and healthy effectiveness in their work. It assesses the various approaches and adaptability to describe the practice and implication on the development of teachers’ relevance to the knowledge for further experiences. It provides adaptability and technological impact and change in the teaching process. On the other hand, the teacher theory and adaptable model in the application of the teaching profession refers to the following acronym, T stands for Talent, E stands for Enthusiastic, A stands for Adaptable, C stands for Creative, H stands for Honest, E stands for Effective, and R stands for Resourcefulness where the approach and the process consider teaching and learning perspective manner considering the student performance in the learning process. The teaching provides rich knowledge of the profession of teachers as specialists in molding and shaping the future of students in their professional fields. Moreover, the teacher theory and adaptable model cycle highlights the characteristics and features of expert teachers to include content knowledge, extensive pedagogy, diverse learners, adaptation, problem solving strategies and techniques, decision making, event classroom perception, context sensitivity, and respect for students. It stresses the knowledge that holds teachers in the academic assimilation and highlights knowledge in the classroom practical experiences. Furthermore, the application of the theory and adaptable model in the teaching profession is very essential in the structure and understanding the domain of learning and teaching as to affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains in different approaches of teaching as to student reinforcement and learning guide, make relevant learning meaningful, foster learning, self-direction, and incorporate interes t and prior learning knowledge.

 

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AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH: ELT AND ELL STUDENTS’ TENDENCIES TOWARDS WEB 2.0 TOOLS
Authors: Uçar Serpil , Yazici Yeliz
Published: December 2021

The research aims to reveal ELT and ELL students’ tendencies towards the application of Web 2.0 tools in language learning process and to reveal whether the department and gender had a significant effect on the attitudes towards Web 2.0 tools for academic purposes. The research also investigated the sorts of Web 2.0 tools ELT and ELL learners use for academic purposes. The participants were 94 students from English Language Teaching (ELT) and English Language and Literature (ELL) departments at Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University. The overall results of the research have shown that majority of learners use Web 2.0 tools to enhance vocabulary, listening comprehension, reading, speaking skills and finally their writing skills. The findings also illustrate that participants are conscious of the existence of these tools and they generally have a positive tendency towards the implementation of these tools in their language learning process. Furthermore, social networking sites were the most favored tools by students for academic purposes.

 

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VIETNAMESE HIGH-SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF TPACK IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Loi Nguyen Van
Published: December 2021

Technology-driven changes have led to the needs for knowledge and skills to integrate information and communication technology into instructional activities. This competence, described as the TPACK (technology, pedagogy and content knowledge), attracts relatively extensive scholarship in education. Further research, however, remains essential to develop further insights into teachers’ TPACK for foreign language education. Against such a backdrop, this study was conducted to examine Vietnamese teachers’ perceptions of TPACK in an EFL context. A 34-item survey adapted from Bostancıoğlu and Handley (2018) was used to collect data from 120 English teachers of 33 high schools in two Mekong Delta’s provinces of Vietnam. Quantitative analysis showed that the teachers had a high level of basic computer and office technologies, and pedagogical content knowledge, but they rated their ability to integrate technologies with pedagogical content knowledge just above the average level. No significant differences in their TPACK were observed in terms of their teaching experience, technology training, and gender, except for technology use frequency. The findings confirm that trainers and educators should pay closer attention to supporting teachers both pre-service and in-service to develop TPACK as an integrated ability, instead of knowledge of technology per se. Besides, teachers’ TPACK levels interact with the use frequency, so it is crucial for teachers to use technology frequently to increase their TPACK self-efficacy.

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EMPLOYABILITY AND SATISFACTION OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION PROGRAM GRADUATES OF A SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY IN SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
Authors: L. Paler Maria Carmen , Roble Dennis B.
Published: December 2021

This study determines the employability and satisfaction of the graduates of the mathematics education programs of the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP)-Cagayan de Oro City, namely, Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Mathematics, Master of Science in Teaching Mathematics (MST-Math) and Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematical Sciences major in Mathematics Education for the academic year 2012 to 2018 for the BSEd Mathematics and AY 1999-2018 for the graduate programs. This study utilized a modified Graduate Tracer Study (GTS) questionnaire developed by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). The mathematics education graduates completed the GTS questionnaire through face-to-face/personal and online using the Google Forms created and sent to the graduates. Results of the data gathered revealed that the graduates of the BSEd Mathematics and MST-Mathematics program are highly employable as secondary school mathematics teachers in both public (Department of Education (DepEd)) and private institutions in the region while the graduates of the Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematical Sciences major in Mathematics Education are highly employable as mathematics instructors or professors while some are holding administrative positions in higher education institutions (HEIs), both public and private in the region. This shows that the program curriculum was very relevant and useful in their current employment status. Moreover, the mathematics education graduates are highly satisfied with the USTP services, facilities, learning environment and more importantly the knowledge and technical skills including problem solving, research, communication, ICT and human relation skills acquired during their academic years in the university. It is then recommended that the USTP mathematics education programs, both undergraduate and graduate level may be enhanced by reducing courses on pure mathematics and adding more courses on leadership and technology innovation and may offer a master’s program exclusively designed for elementary mathematics teachers in the field.

 

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Výrazně zonální tetraedrit-tennantit z Kramolína, rudní revír Michalovy Hory (Česká republika)
Authors: Vrtiška Luboš , Sejkora Jiří
Published: December 2021

The crystals of significantly zonal tetrahedrite-tennantite were found in the mine dump material of the Grubenwall 42 mine, Kramolín, the Michalovy Hory ore district, western Bohemia (Czech Republic). Tetrahedrite-tennantite forms layer of tetrahedral, partly corroded crystals up to 1 mm in size on a crust of crystalline quartz in association with chalcopyrite and cerussite. Individual zones in oscillatory zoned crystals are represented by three members of tetrahedrite group minerals - tetrahedrite-(Zn), tennantite-(Zn) and rare tennantite-(Fe). The observed range of AsSb-1 substitution is unusual within a single crystal and indicates high variability of the As/Sb ratio in the hydrothermal fluids.
Coronadit z dolu Řimbaba v Bohutíně u Příbrami (Česká republika)
Authors: Pauliš Petr , Vrtiška Luboš , Dolníček Zdeněk , Malíková Radana , Pour Ondřej
Published: December 2021

Along with the abundant pyromorphite, relatively frequent coronadite was found in the Řimbaba mine in Bohutín near Příbram (Czech Republic). Coronadite forms up to 5 mm thick black matt and greasy coatings and cavity fillings. The unit cell parameters of coronadite, refined from the powder X-ray diffraction data, are a 9.943(17), b 2.876(8), c 9.820(11) Å, β 90.4(5)° and V 280.8(9) Å3 (space group I2/m). Chemical analyses correspond to the empirical formula Pb1.53Sb0.07Zn0.02(Mn4+5.62Mn3+2.06)O16.
THE ROLE OF THE SECRETARIAT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE AUCP(b) AND THE CENTRAL SOVIET BODIES IN PREPARING MOBILIZATION RESERVES FOR THE ARMY IN 1918–1945
Authors: Kallin Igor V.
Published: December 2021

One of the important directions in the Russian history is studying the system of state authorities in the Soviet period. Despite a relatively short period of time separating modernity from the Soviet past, this topic remains as relevant as ever. Of particular interest are the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the AUCP(b) and other state bodies in preparing the army for war conditions, discussed in this article. The study highlights the role of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) – the AUCP(b), and other state party bodies in preparing mobilization reserves for the army during the Civil and the Great Patriotic Wars. The article shows the participation of V.I. Lenin, L.D. Trotsky, N.I. Podvoysky, Y.M. Sverdlov, I.V. Stalin in the Red Army formation. It is proved that at the stage of the struggle against the Nazi invaders, the main economic and administrative body was the State Defense Committee of the USSR, its operational management was carried out by I.V. Stalin, who was in charge of all military and economic issues in the country. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of government authorities in preparing the army for combat operations. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the study, based on a wide range of diverse sources, carried out a comprehensive analysis of the organization and activities performed by the authorities in preparing mobilization reserves for the army. The highlighted scientific problem is developed for the first time in the proposed formulation and in the specified chronological framework. Conceptual approaches proposed by the Russian historians, as well as a set of principles and methods of historical research were used in the preparation of the article. The theoretical part is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity. The materials and conclusions of the article can be applied in research activities, when creating generalizing and special works on the history of Russia of the XX century. The main results of the study can be used in educational and pedagogical work, in the preparation of teaching aids and lecture courses. The practical significance of the article and the prospects of the study lie in the fact that the materials may be of some interest to modern public officers, as well as when reforming the system of executive authorities. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the documents and other materials collected and analyzed in this work are valuable for studying the functioning of power in the USSR of the pre-war period.