bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of aging on emotion recognition from dynamic multimodal expressions and vocalizations
Authors: Cortes Diana S. , Tornberg Christina , Bänziger Tanja , Elfenbein Hillary Anger , Fischer Håkan , Laukka Petri
Published: January 2021

Age-related differences in emotion recognition have predominantly been investigated using static pictures of facial expressions, and positive emotions beyond happiness have rarely been included. The current study instead used dynamic facial and vocal stimuli, and included a wider than usual range of positive emotions. In Task 1, younger and older adults were tested for their abilities to recognize 12 emotions from brief video recordings presented in visual, auditory, and multimodal blocks. Task 2 assessed recognition of 18 emotions conveyed by non-linguistic vocalizations (e.g., laughter, sobs, and sighs). Results from both tasks showed that younger adults had significantly higher overall recognition rates than older adults. In Task 1, significant group differences (younger > older) were only observed for the auditory block (across all emotions), and for expressions of anger, irritation, and relief (across all presentation blocks). In Task 2, significant group differences were observed for 6 out of 9 positive, and 8 out of 9 negative emotions. Overall, results indicate that recognition of both positive and negative emotions show age-related differences. This suggests that the age-related positivity effect in emotion recognition may become less evident when dynamic emotional stimuli are used and happiness is not the only positive emotion under study.
β-Dispersion of blood during sedimentation
Authors: Sabuncu Ahmet C. , Muldur Sinan , Cetin Barbaros , Usta O. Berk , Aubry Nadine
Published: January 2021

Aggregation of human red blood cells (RBC) is central to various pathological conditions from bacterial infections to cancer. When left at low shear conditions or at hemostasis, RBCs form aggregates, which resemble stacks of coins, known as ‘rouleaux’. We experimentally examined the interfacial dielectric dispersion of aggregating RBCs. Hetastarch, an RBC aggregation agent, is used to mimic conditions leading to aggregation. Hetastrach concentration is incrementally increased in blood from healthy donors to measure the sensitivity of the technique. Time lapse electrical impedance measurements were conducted as red blood cells form rouleaux and sediment in a PDMS chamber. Theoretical modeling was used for obtaining complex permittivity of an effective single red blood cell aggregate at various concentrations of hetastarch. Time response of red blood cells’ impedance was also studied to parametrize the time evolution of impedance data. Single aggregate permittivity at the onset of aggregation, evolution of interfacial dispersion parameters, and sedimentation kinetics allowed us to distinguish differential aggregation in blood.
Psychophysiological responses to treadwall and indoor wall climbing in adult female climbers
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Gajdošík Jan , Krupková Dominika , Chrastinová Leona , Hlaváčková Alžběta , Bačáková Radka , Giles David
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study was to compare the psychophysiological response of climbers of a range of abilities (lower grade to advanced) when ascending identical climbing routes on a climbing wall and a rotating treadwall. Twenty-two female climbers (31.2 ± 9.4 years; 60.5 ± 6.5 kg; 168.6 ± 5.7 cm) completed two identical 18 m climbing trials (graded 4 on the French Sport scale) separated by 1 week, one on the treadwall (climbing low to the ground) and the other on the indoor wall (climbing in height). Indirect calorimetry, venous blood samples and video-analysis were used to assess energy cost, hormonal response and time-load characteristics. Energy costs were higher during indoor wall climbing comparing to those on the treadwall by 16% (P < 0.001, $$\upmu _{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$

μ

p

2

 = 0.48). No interaction of climbing ability and climbing condition were found. However, there was an interaction for climbing ability and post-climbing catecholamine concentration (P < 0.01, $$\upmu _{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$

μ

p

2

 = 0.28). Advanced climbers’ catecholamine response increased by 238% and 166% with respect to pre-climb values on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively; while lower grade climbers pre-climb concentrations were elevated by 281% and 376% on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively. The video analysis showed no differences in any time-motion variables between treadwall and indoor wall climbing. The study demonstrated a greater metabolic response for indoor wall climbing, however, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
Benchmarking of numerical integration methods for ODE models of biological systems
Authors: Städter Philipp , Schälte Yannik , Schmiester Leonard , Hasenauer Jan , Stapor Paul L.
Published: January 2021

Ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are a key tool to understand complex mechanisms in systems biology. These models are studied using various approaches, including stability and bifurcation analysis, but most frequently by numerical simulations. The number of required simulations is often large, e.g., when unknown parameters need to be inferred. This renders efficient and reliable numerical integration methods essential. However, these methods depend on various hyperparameters, which strongly impact the ODE solution. Despite this, and although hundreds of published ODE models are freely available in public databases, a thorough study that quantifies the impact of hyperparameters on the ODE solver in terms of accuracy and computation time is still missing. In this manuscript, we investigate which choices of algorithms and hyperparameters are generally favorable when dealing with ODE models arising from biological processes. To ensure a representative evaluation, we considered 142 published models. Our study provides evidence that most ODEs in computational biology are stiff, and we give guidelines for the choice of algorithms and hyperparameters. We anticipate that our results will help researchers in systems biology to choose appropriate numerical methods when dealing with ODE models.
Neural processes in antecedent anxiety modulate risk-taking behavior
Authors: Nash Kyle , Leota Josh , Tran Alex
Published: January 2021

Though real-world decisions are often made in the shadow of economic uncertainties, work problems, relationship troubles, existential angst, etc., the neural processes involved in this common experience remain poorly understood. Here, we randomly assigned participants (N = 97) to either a poignant experience of forecasted economic anxiety or a no-anxiety control condition. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we then examined how source-localized, anxiety-specific neural activation modulated risky decision making and strategic behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Previous research demonstrates opposing effects of anxiety on risk-taking, leading to contrasting predictions. On the one hand, activity in the dorsomedial PFC/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula, brain regions linked with anxiety and sensitivity to risk, should mediate the effect of economic anxiety on increased risk-averse decision-making. On the other hand, activation in the ventromedial PFC, a brain region important in emotion regulation and subjective valuation in decision-making, should mediate the effect of economic anxiety on increased risky decision-making. Results revealed evidence related to both predictions. Additionally, anxiety-specific activation in the dmPFC/ACC and the anterior insula were associated with disrupted learning across the task. These results shed light on the neurobiology of antecedent anxiety and risk-taking and provide potential insight into understanding how real-world anxieties can impact decision-making processes.
Deep-learning-based high-resolution recognition of fractional-spatial-mode-encoded data for free-space optical communications
Authors: Na Youngbin , Ko Do-Kyeong
Published: January 2021

Structured light with spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) is considered a potential solution to address the unprecedented demand for data traffic, but there is a limit to effectively improving the communication capacity by its integer quantization. We propose a data transmission system using fractional mode encoding and deep-learning decoding. Spatial modes of Bessel-Gaussian beams separated by fractional intervals are employed to represent 8-bit symbols. Data encoded by switching phase holograms is efficiently decoded by a deep-learning classifier that only requires the intensity profile of transmitted modes. Our results show that the trained model can simultaneously recognize two independent DoF without any mode sorter and precisely detect small differences between fractional modes. Moreover, the proposed scheme successfully achieves image transmission despite its densely packed mode space. This research will present a new approach to realizing higher data rates for advanced optical communication systems.
Intensification of CO2 absorption using MDEA-based nanofluid in a hollow fibre membrane contactor
Authors: Cao Yan , Rehman Zia Ur , Ghasem Nayef , Al-Marzouqi Mohamed , Abdullatif Nadia , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Ghadiri Mahdi , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Marjani Azam , Pishnamazi Mahboubeh , Shirazian Saeed
Published: January 2021

Porous hollow fibres made of polyvinylidene fluoride were employed as membrane contactor for carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in a gas–liquid mode with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) based nanofluid absorbent. Both theoretical and experimental works were carried out in which a mechanistic model was developed that considers the mass transfer of components in all subdomains of the contactor module. Also, the model considers convectional mass transfer in shell and tube subdomains with the chemical reaction as well as Grazing and Brownian motion of nanoparticles effects. The predicted outputs of the developed model and simulations showed that the dispersion of CNT nanoparticles to MDEA-based solvent improves CO2 capture percentage compared to the pure solvent. In addition, the efficiency of CO2 capture for MDEA-based nanofluid was increased with rising MDEA content, liquid flow rate and membrane porosity. On the other hand, the enhancement of gas velocity and the membrane tortuosity led to reduced CO2 capture efficiency in the module. Moreover, it was revealed that the CNT nanoparticles effect on CO2 removal is higher in the presence of lower MDEA concentration (5%) in the solvent. The model was validated by comparing with the experimental data, and great agreement was obtained.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and clinical application of vancomycin in Chinese patients hospitalized in intensive care units
Authors: Lin Zhong , Chen Dan-yang , Zhu Yan-Wu , Jiang Zheng-li , Cui Ke , Zhang Sheng , Chen Li-hua
Published: January 2021

Management of vancomycin administration for intensive care units (ICU) patients remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to describe a population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin for optimizing the dose regimen for ICU patients. We prospectively enrolled 466 vancomycin-treated patients hospitalized in the ICU, collected trough or approach peak blood samples of vancomycin and recorded corresponding clinical information from July 2015 to December 2017 at Tai Zhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province. The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin was analyzed by nonlinear mixed effects modeling with Kinetica software. Internal and external validation was evaluated by the maximum likelihood method. Then, the individual dosing regimens of the 92 patients hospitalized in the ICU whose steady state trough concentrations exceeded the target range (10–20 μg/ml) were adjusted by the Bayes feedback method. The final population pharmacokinetic model show that clearance rate (CL) of vancomycin will be raised under the conditions of dopamine combined treatment, severe burn status (Burn-S) and increased total body weight (TBW), but reduced under the conditions of increased serum creatinine (Cr) and continuous renal replacement therapy status; Meanwhile, the apparent distribution volume (V) of vancomycin will be enhanced under the terms of increased TBW, however decreased under the terms of increased age and Cr. The population pharmacokinetic parameters (CL and V) according to the final model were 3.16 (95%CI 2.83, 3.40) L/h and 60.71 (95%CI 53.15, 67.46). The mean absolute prediction error for external validation by the final model was 12.61% (95CI 8.77%, 16.45%). Finally, the prediction accuracy of 90.21% of the patients’ detected trough concentrations that were distributed in the target range of 10–20 μg/ml after dosing adjustment was found to be adequate. There is significant heterogeneity in the CL and V of vancomycin in ICU patients. The constructed model is sufficiently precise for the Bayesian dose prediction of vancomycin concentrations for the population of ICU Chinese patients.
Post-correlation on-lamella cryo-CLEM reveals the membrane architecture of lamellar bodies
Authors: Klein Steffen , Wimmer Benedikt H. , Winter Sophie L. , Kolovou Androniki , Laketa Vibor , Chlanda Petr
Published: January 2021

Lamellar bodies (LBs) are surfactant-rich organelles in alveolar cells. LBs disassemble into a lipid-protein network that reduces surface tension and facilitates gas exchange in the alveolar cavity. Current knowledge of LB architecture is predominantly based on electron microscopy studies using disruptive sample preparation methods. We established and validated a post-correlation on-lamella cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy approach for cryo-FIB milled cells to structurally characterize and validate the identity of LBs in their unperturbed state. Using deconvolution and 3D image registration, we were able to identify fluorescently labeled membrane structures analyzed by cryo-electron tomography. In situ cryo-electron tomography of A549 cells as well as primary Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells revealed that LBs are composed of membrane sheets frequently attached to the limiting membrane through “T”-junctions. We report a so far undescribed outer membrane dome protein complex (OMDP) on the limiting membrane of LBs. Our data suggest that LB biogenesis is driven by parallel membrane sheet import and by the curvature of the limiting membrane to maximize lipid storage capacity.
A promiscuous ancestral enzyme´s structure unveils protein variable regions of the highly diverse metallo-β-lactamase family
Authors: Perez-Garcia Pablo , Kobus Stefanie , Gertzen Christoph G. W. , Hoeppner Astrid , Holzscheck Nicholas , Strunk Christoph Heinrich , Huber Harald , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Gohlke Holger , Kovacic Filip , Smits Sander H. J. , Streit Wolfgang R. , Chow Jennifer
Published: January 2021

The metallo-β-lactamase fold is an ancient protein structure present in numerous enzyme families responsible for diverse biological processes. The crystal structure of the hyperthermostable crenarchaeal enzyme Igni18 from Ignicoccus hospitalis was solved at 2.3 Å and could resemble a possible first archetype of a multifunctional metallo-β-lactamase. Ancestral enzymes at the evolutionary origin are believed to be promiscuous all-rounders. Consistently, Igni18´s activity can be cofactor-dependently directed from β-lactamase to lactonase, lipase, phosphodiesterase, phosphotriesterase or phospholipase. Its core-domain is highly conserved within metallo-β-lactamases from Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya and gives insights into evolution and function of enzymes from this superfamily. Structural alignments with diverse metallo-β-lactamase-fold-containing enzymes allowed the identification of Protein Variable Regions accounting for modulation of activity, specificity and oligomerization patterns. Docking of different substrates within the active sites revealed the basis for the crucial cofactor dependency of this enzyme superfamily.
Cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy
Authors: Cygan Agata , Fleisher Adam J. , Ciuryło Roman , Gillis Keith A. , Hodges Joseph T. , Lisak Daniel
Published: January 2021

Measurements of ultrahigh-fidelity absorption spectra can help validate quantum theory, engineer ultracold chemistry, and remotely sense atmospheres. Recent achievements in cavity-enhanced spectroscopy using either frequency-based dispersion or time-based absorption approaches have set new records for accuracy with uncertainties at the sub-per-mil level. However, laser scanning or susceptibility to nonlinearities limits their ultimate performance. Here we present cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy (CBDS), probing the CO molecule as an example, in which the dispersive frequency shift of a cavity resonance is encoded in the cavity’s transient response to a phase-locked non-resonant laser excitation. Beating between optical frequencies during buildup exactly localizes detuning from mode center, and thus enables single-shot dispersion measurements. CBDS can yield an accuracy limited by the chosen frequency standard and measurement duration and is currently 50 times less susceptible to detection nonlinearity compared to intensity-based methods. Moreover, CBDS is significantly faster than previous frequency-based cavity-enhanced methods. The generality of CBDS shows promise for improving fundamental research into a variety of light–matter interactions.
A review of the role and mechanism of surfactants in the morphology control of metal nanoparticles
Authors: Song Tongxin , Gao Fei , Guo Siyu , Zhang Yangping , Li Shujin , You Huaming , Du Yukou
Published: January 2021

The roles of surfactants in the morphology control of nanoparticles are reviewed, including dispersion, structure direct, cap, reduction, etch, and ion exchange. The application of surfactants in the synthesis of nanoparticles is prospected.
An aqueous rechargeable lithium ion battery with long cycle life and overcharge self-protection
Authors: Hou Zhiguo , Zhang Lei , Chen Jianwu , Xiong Yali , Zhang Xueqian , Qian Yitai
Published: January 2021

Zn2+ added into electrolyte can effectively suppress H2 evolution. Therefore, a LiMn2O4/NaTi2(PO4)3 full cell exhibits enhanced overcharging performance and excellent cycling stability up to 10 000 cycles.
Synthesis of thermally robust benzimidazolone-based wholly aromatic polyketones
Authors: Gu Xinming , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Honghua , Zhou Guangyuan , Zhou Yanmin
Published: January 2021

A series of wholly aromatic polyketones bearing benzimidazolone moieties (PK-BI) were synthesized via N–C coupling polycondensation.
Insights into the estimation of capacitance for carbon-based supercapacitors
Authors: Gheytanzadeh Majedeh , Baghban Alireza , Habibzadeh Sajjad , Mohaddespour Ahmad , Abida Otman
Published: January 2021

Carbon-based materials are broadly used as the active component of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) in energy storage systems with a high power density.
A microscopic description of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition with Michael acceptors. Strategies for improving inhibitor design
Authors: Ramos-Guzmán Carlos A. , Ruiz-Pernía J. Javier , Tuñón Iñaki
Published: January 2021

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease by a Michael acceptor is studied using classical and QM/MM simulations. Results point out to a transition state with a key water molecule stabilizing the catalytic dyad and assisting the protonation step.
Tandem catalyzing the hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over a Ni3Fe intermetallic supported Pt single-atom site catalyst
Authors: Meng Ge , Ji Kaiyue , Zhang Wei , Kang Yiran , Wang Yu , Zhang Ping , Wang Yang-Gang , Li Jun , Cui Tingting , Sun Xiaohui , Tan Tianwei , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: January 2021

A robust Pt1/Ni3Fe single-atom site catalyst was designed for the tandem catalysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural hydrodeoxygenation to DMF, where Pt atoms catalyze the CO group hydrogenation and Ni3Fe interface accounts for the C–OH bond rupture.
Statistical analysis of C–H activation by oxo complexes supports diverse thermodynamic control over reactivity
Authors: Schneider Joseph E. , Goetz McKenna K. , Anderson John S.
Published: January 2021

Statistical analysis of transition metal oxo mediated C–H activation indicates that thermodynamic factors dictate reactivity and that the energetics of proton and electron transfer have effects independent of the free energy of the reaction.
A 2,2′-diphosphinotolane as a versatile precursor for the synthesis of P-ylidic mesoionic carbenes via reversible C–P bond formation
Authors: Wagner Hannah K. , Wadepohl Hubert , Ballmann Joachim
Published: January 2021

A metal-templated synthesis of cyclic (aryl)(ylidic)mesoionic carbene complexes (CArY-MICs) is presented. In the case of molybdenum carbonyls, the crucial P–C bond formation, which occurs during CArY-MIC formation, was found to be reversible.
Photoredox catalysis on unactivated substrates with strongly reducing iridium photosensitizers
Authors: Shon Jong-Hwa , Kim Dooyoung , Rathnayake Manjula D. , Sittel Steven , Weaver Jimmie , Teets Thomas S.
Published: January 2021

Strong bis-cyclometalated iridium photoreductants, in combination with a single sacrificial reductant, enable visible-light-promoted reductive activation of a variety of challenging substrates under simple and general reaction conditions.
Augmentation in photocurrent through organic ionic plastic crystals as an efficient redox mediator for solid-state mesoscopic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Sonigara Keval K. , Vaghasiya Jayraj V. , Prasad Jyoti , Machhi Hiren K. , Ansari Mohammad Shaad , Qureshi Mohammad , Soni Saurabh S.
Published: January 2021

Photoresponsive organic ionic plastic crystals redox mediators, namely OIPC-I/OIPC-Br contributing photocurrent from the phenoxazine moiety to augment the efficiency of SK4 sensitizer by ∼40% compared to conventional electrolyte.
Asymmetric systematic synthesis, structures, and (chir)optical properties of a series of dihetero[8]helicenes
Authors: Yanagi Tomoyuki , Tanaka Takayuki , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: January 2021

A series of dihetero[8]helicenes have been synthesized in a stereoselective manner through an organosulfur-based synthetic strategy, which has enabled clarifying the effect of the endocyclic atoms on physical properties.
Parametrically enhanced bandpass filters
Authors: Yeung Lap K. , Zou Xiating , Wang Yuanxun
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a technique to enhance the quality factor (Q) of a resonator, which can then be used to realise bandpass filters (BPFs) with reduced insertion loss (IL) and improved passband selectivity. The main idea behind this technique is to introduce a negative resistance to a resonator, through the parametric amplification effect, to compensate losses from non‐ideal passive components (e.g. capacitors, inductors, and microstrips). Two bandpass filters enhanced by such resonators are designed and realised on printed‐circuit boards (PCBs) to demonstrate the characteristics of low insertion loss and good passband selectivity. In addition, these prototype parametrically enhanced filters offer reasonably good linearity and similar noise figures (NFs) to their corresponding pure passive counterparts.
Effect of Ca and/or Mn substitution on thermoelectric properties of SrTiO3
Authors: Mohan Radheep D.
Published: January 2021

Thermoelectric properties have been investigated for Sr0.5Ca0.5Ti1-xMnxO3 (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) and Sr0.75Ca0.25Ti0.75Mn0.25O3 perovskite polycrystalline samples synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Following physical properties such as thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor and figure of merit (ZT) were measured. The substitution of Ca2+ in Sr2+ site or/and mixed valence Mn in Ti site creates appreciable enhancement in the thermoelectric properties with an increase of ZT from 0.5 to 0.69 at room temperature. The origin for the enrichment of ZT of the investigated samples around room temperature is due to substitution induced distortion in the cubic lattice.
Novel materials in terahertz functional devices
Authors: Fan Fei , Chang Sheng-Jiang
Published: January 2021

Terahertz (THz) science and technology have been developed rapidly over the past decade due to its superiority in security, communication, imaging, and spectroscopy. In order to manipulate THz waves efficiently, many THz functional materials and devices have been proposed. Metasurfaces with subwavelength elements arranged in a periodic or quasi-periodic manner have been widely investigated. The amplitude, phase and polarization state can be controlled flexibly by designing the geometry. In this paper, several typical THz electromagnetic functional materials will be introduced, magnetic-optical semiconductors, nanoparticle liquid crystal, 3D graphene foam, carbon nanotubes, etc. These electromagnetic functional materials show unique functions for THz active modulation, polarization conversion, one-way transmission, and perfect absorption. Combined with these new materials, we designed and fabricated a series of THz metasurface device to enhance or expand the functions of these functional materials. Meanwhile, the introduction of functional materials brings THz metasurfaces into the active properties. The combination of these artificial micro-structures and electromagnetic functional materials bring new development for active or multifunctional THz devices.
Channel estimation for intelligent reflecting surface aided multi-user MISO terahertz system
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Chen Zhi , Ma Xinying
Published: January 2021

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is considered as a promising application in terahertz (THz) communications since it is able to enhance the THz communication with no additional power consumptions. In this letter, we consider the channel estimation problem for an IRS-aided THz multi-user multi-input single-output (MISO) system with lens antenna array. The main challenge of the problem is that we need to estimate multiple channels and some of the channels are cascaded. To deal with the problem, we propose a two-stage channel estimation scheme, where we set different IRS modes to estimate different channels for each stage. In stage 1, we set the IRS to an absorbing mode and estimate the channel without IRS. Removing the influence of the prior estimated channel, in stage 2, we estimate the channel with IRS by setting the IRS to a perfect reflecting mode. And we decompose the total channel estimation problem into a series of independent problems, where we estimate each independent channel component with a least square method.
Formative Evaluation der Schlaganfall-Bezugstherapie Phase-E Schleswig-Holstein aus Sicht der Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten
Authors: Pott Claudia
Published: January 2021

Hintergrund Fokussierung auf Körperfunktionsstörungen, mangelnde Teilhabe-Orientierung und Leitlinienimplementierung, Sektoren- und Professionsgrenzen kennzeichnen die Schlaganfall-Rehabilitation Phase-E. Hauptproblem ist ein fehlendes Case Management mit selektiver Einzel- statt koordinierter interprofessioneller Versorgung. Kernelement des Pilotprojekts Schlaganfall-Bezugstherapie (BZT), Phase-E, ist eine Schulung zur interprofessionellen teilhabeorientierten Ziel- bzw. Therapieplanung. Als Case-Mangerinnen und Case-Manager legen Bezugstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten Art, Frequenz und Dauer der Heilmittelverordnungen fest und unterstützen Patientinnen und Patienten beim Selbstmanagement.

Ziel Formative Evaluation aus Sicht der Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten, um die Intervention zu optimieren und auf weitere Regionen bzw. Krankheitsbilder auszuweiten.

Methode 18 ausgebildete Bezugstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten (Ergo-, Sprach- und Physiotherapie) wurden mittels halbstandardisiertem Fragebogen-Interview zur Schulung und Tätigkeit als Bezugstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten sowie zu Veränderungsbedarfen befragt.

Ergebnisse Für die Befragten gehören Fallkonferenzen und Ressourcenerfassung zu den wichtigsten Aspekten. Teilhabeorientierte Zielplanung werden als das am weitesten umgesetzte, Fallkonferenzen als das am wenigsten umgesetzte Prinzip benannt. Eine koordiniertere und patientenzentriertere Versorgung gelten ebenso als Vorteile wie eine leistungsbezogenere Vergütung, ein besserer Ressourceneinsatz durch Teilhabeorientierung und eine leichtere Integration der Bezugspersonen. Schwierigkeiten in der Zusammenarbeit mit nicht durch das BZT-Projekt geschulte Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten werden als Nachteil benannt.

Schlussfolgerung Alle Befragten bewerten Schulung und Konzeption positiv und bestätigen die Wichtigkeit der teilhabeorientierten Zielplanung und Top-down-Vorgehensweise. Weitere Maßnahmen sollten dazu dienen, das Implementieren von Assessments, Leitlinien und Fallkonferenzen zu fördern. BZT besitzt Modellcharakter für das Erproben in weiteren Regionen bzw. bei weiteren Diagnosegruppen.
B-Vitamine in der Geriatrie – was bestimmen, was ersetzen?
Authors: Djukic Marija , von Arnim Christine A.F.
Published: January 2021

Was ist neu?

Klinische Manifestation eines B-Vitamin-Mangels Ein Vitamin-B1-Mangel kann sich als Wernicke-Enzephalopathie oder als Beriberi manifestieren. Geriatrische Patienten mit den Diagnosen
Demenz oder Delir haben niedrigere Vitamin-B1-Spiegel als solche ohne diese Diagnosen. Ebenso zeigen sich bei geriatrischen Patienten mit höherem Vitamin-B1-Spiegel bessere Ergebnisse in der Funktionalität (Barthel-Index) bei Entlassung. Vitamin B6 ist an über 100 Reaktionen als Koenzym beteiligt und ein Mangel kann daher mit vielen Symptomen einhergehen. Klinische Manifestationen des Vitamin-B12-Mangels reichen von frühen neuropsychiatrischen bis zu hämatologischen Symptomen, wobei die makrozytäre Anämie als später Indikator eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels gilt. Neurologische Symptome treten sehr häufig schon vor oder ohne hämatologische Manifestationen auf.

Diagnostik von B-Vitamin-Mangelzuständen Die Bestimmung des Vitamin-B1-Spiegels im Blut ist wenig aussagekräftig. Die Wernicke-Enzephalopathie ist eine klinische Diagnose. Zur Diagnose eines Vitamin-B6-Mangels wird die Bestimmung von Pyridoxin (Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphat) im Plasma empfohlen. Ein erniedrigter Holo-TC-Spiegel im Serum gilt als frühester Marker eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels. Eine kombinierte Bestimmung von Vitamin B12, Holo-TC, MMA und Homozystein scheint die diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit bei Vitamin-B12-Mangel zu erhöhen.

Therapie Für Empfehlungen zur Substitutionstherapie bei allen B-Vitaminen liegen kaum bzw. keine evidenzbasierten Daten vor. Durch die Substitution von 0,8 mg Folsäure, 0,5 mg Vitamin B12 und 20 mg Vitamin B6 konnte in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie bei Patienten mit einer leichten kognitiven Störung eine Verlangsamung der Hirnatrophie bewirkt werden.
Upper Quarter Agility – Mehr als Koordinationstraining für die oberen Extremitäten
Authors: Wellm Dennis
Published: January 2021

Die visuell-motorische Kontrolle spielt in allen Mannschaftssportarten eine herausgehobene Rolle. Kennt man die zugrundeliegenden neurophysiologischen Vorgänge, ergeben sich für das Training unzählige Variationen. Dennis Wellm hat sich bei seiner Übungsauswahl auch von Kinderspielen inspirieren lassen.
Tätig sein mit Wohlfühleffekt – Occupational Well-Being
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: January 2021

Wenn Klienten Betätigungen ausführen, kann diese Erfahrung mit ganz unterschiedlichen inneren Zuständen verbunden sein. Im Idealfall entsprechen die Handlungen ihren Bedürfnissen und tragen somit zum Wohlbefinden bei. Der Begriff Occupational Well-Being rückt diese subjektive Erfahrung in den Fokus und hilft Ergotherapeuten somit, ihren professionellen Blick zu weiten.
Mandalas in der Psychiatrie – geht das noch? – Zwischen gestalterischen Mitteln und Betätigungsorientierung
Authors: Herm Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Rebecca Herm bietet in der Akutpsychiatrie nach Möglichkeit alltagsnahe, betätigungszentrierte Interventionen an. Vor Kurzem aber malte sie mit einer Gruppe von Klienten Mandalas aus und war überrascht von der positiven Wirkung. Überlegungen, wann der Einsatz von Handwerk in der Psychiatrie einer modernen, betätigungsorientierten Ergotherapie entsprechen kann.
Den Stumpf optimal vorbereiten – Amputationen Teil 1: Akutversorgung nach der Operation
Authors: Brandt Hanna
Published: January 2021

Patienten nach einer Amputation am Bein zu behandeln ist nicht für jeden Therapeuten Alltag. Unsere dreiteilige Serie frischt Ihr Wissen über Theorie und Nachversorgung auf. Teil 1 befasst sich mit der frühen postoperativen Phase und der optimalen Stumpfversorgung.
Therapeutische Plasmapherese in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Goldschmied Andreas , Riessen Reimer
Published: January 2021

Was ist neu?

Sepsis und Multiorganversagen Die Rolle der therapeutischen Plasmapherese (TP) in der Therapie der Sepsis mit Multiorganversagen ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt (Kategorie III der American Society for Apheresis, ASFA). Zwar zeigen die verfügbaren randomisiert kontrollierten Studien (RCT) keinen eindeutigen Überlebensvorteil, prospektive Daten von 2018 belegen jedoch ein gutes Sicherheitsprofil und eine günstige Beeinflussung von Surrogatparametern auch bei hoch Katecholamin-pflichtigen Patienten im septischen Schock.

Akutes Leberversagen Eine multizentrische RCT von 2016 konnte einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil durch die Durchführung von „High Volume“-TP bei Patienten im akuten Leberversagen zeigen. Dies galt allerdings nur in der Subgruppe der nicht transplantierten Patienten.

Katastrophales Antiphospholipid-Antikörper-Syndrom (CAPS) Retrospektive Datenauswertungen von 2016 zeigten einen deutlichen Überlebensvorteil einer 3-Fachtherapie, welche die TP beinhaltet. Dies veranlasste die ASFA in ihren neuen, 2019 erschienenen Leitlinien das CAPS erstmals in die ASFA-Kategorie I einzustufen.

Thyreotoxische Krise Retrospektive Analysen von 2018 ergaben eine effektive Elimination von Schilddrüsenhormonen durch die TP. Aufgrund dessen erkennt die ASFA in ihren neuen Leitlinien die TP als Zweitlinientherapie der thyreotoxischen Krise an.
Psychological Morbidity among People in Quarantine
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Mehra Aseem , Jha Shweta , Sharma Rajni , Saini Lokesh , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Laxmi P. V. M. , Bhalla Ashish , Grover Sandeep
Published: January 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate psychological distress of persons in quarantine and compare the same with a group of persons, who are currently in lockdown.

Methodology Forty-four persons in quarantine and 45 subjects currently in lockdown were evaluated on Depression Anxiety Stress Scale II.

Results About three-fourth (77.3%) of the participants in the quarantine group and one-third (37.8%) in the comparator group had depression. About one fourth (22.7%) in the quarantine group and one-third (35.6%) in the lockdown group had anxiety.

Conclusion The present study suggests that lockdown and being in quarantine are associated with significantly higher psychiatric morbidity, especially anxiety.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy: A Rare Association
Authors: Radhakrishnan Divya M. , Shree Ritu , Madhaw Govind , Manchanda Rajat , Mahadevan Anita , Kumar Niraj
Published: January 2021

The association of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, also known as “SMA plus,” is a unique syndrome linked to non-survival motor neuron (non-SMN) genes. The disease starts in childhood with progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles; myoclonic epilepsy develops during later childhood, after the onset of motor symptoms. In this report, we describe a case of SMN gene unrelated SMA and myoclonic epilepsy, supported by electrophysiological and neuropathological evidences.
Mothers’ Knowledge of Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Indian Perspective
Authors: Philip Maria , Ramu Rajalakshmi , Prasannan Rakhi V. , Thomas Merin , James Ninitha , V. Kathyayani B.
Published: January 2021

Objectives This study aims to assess the knowledge of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (CNDDs) among mothers of children younger than 5 years and to promote awareness through health education to promote early identification.

Methods Quantitative approach, a descriptive survey in nature research design, was used. A total of 173 mothers who contented the inclusion conditions were chosen as sample on the basis of purposive sampling. The research study was done at the selected Primary Health Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka. The tabulations were measured and construed based on the objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results The findings showed that most of the mothers have insufficient knowledge (mean and standard deviation: 3.02 ± 2.75) and there is no substantial relationship found between mothers’ knowledge on CNDD and their demographic variables except their occupation and majority of the mothers communicated that they needed further facts toward CNDD.

Conclusion The government and nongovernmental organizations can take initiations to conduct health education programs toward childhood developmental delays and disorders for the general public including mothers and community health workers.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Closed Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Infection Prevention after Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pagani Nicholas R. , Moverman Michael A. , Puzzitiello Richard N. , Menendez Mariano E. , Kavolus Joseph J.
Published: January 2021

Recent investigations have shown that closed incisional negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) decreases the rate of postoperative wound complications following revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we used a break-even analysis to determine whether ciNPWT is a cost-effective measure for reducing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after revision TKA. The cost of ciNPWT, cost of treatment for PJI, and baseline infection rates following revision TKA were collected from institutional data and the literature. The absolute risk reduction (ARR) in infection rate necessary for cost-effectiveness was calculated using break-even analysis. Using our institutional cost of ciNPWT ($600), this intervention would be cost-effective if the initial infection rate of revision TKA (9.0%) has an ARR of 0.92%. The ARR needed for cost-effectiveness remained constant across a wide range of initial infection rates and declined as treatment costs increased. The use of ciNPWT for infection prevention following revision TKA is cost-effective at both high and low initial infection rates, across a broad range of treatment costs, and at inflated product expenses.
Researchers double room temperature tunnel magnetoresistance ratios of Fe/MgO/Fe
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: January 2021

By carefully tuning the growing condition for each individual layer, researchers close the gap between the theoretically predicted value for the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio and the experimental reality.
Numerical investigation of the impact of wind turbine rotor on the passive cooler above nacelle
Authors: Wen Hui , Shi Yang , Wu Lijian , Zhang Liu
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the impact of a wind turbine rotor on the passive cooler above a nacelle. In order to evaluate the suitability of the modeling approach, a comparison study is made between three modeling approaches, namely, the stationary model, multiple reference frame (MRF) model, and sliding mesh model. The simulated flow patterns indicate that the sliding mesh model is the most reliable option as the effects of blade shadow and rotor rotation are reasonably predicted. According to the sliding mesh model results, the impact of a wind turbine rotor can be interpreted from two aspects: the rotary rotor inhibits the formation of a recirculation zone above the fairing and generator, which is favorable for enhancing the passing flow rate over the passive cooler; however, the hindering effect caused by the rotary rotor is much more pronounced. As a consequence, the passing flow rate through the passive cooler mounted on the wind turbine is much lower than the same passive cooler positioned on the ground without a rotor in the front.
Measurement of thermal expansions of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foams at cryogenic temperatures with an extensometer technique
Authors: Dong Hongyu , Zhang Hengcheng , Huang Rongjin , Wu Zhixiong , Huang Chuanjun , Li Laifeng
Published: January 2021

The database of thermal expansion behavior of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foam at very low temperatures is required for designing and manufacturing thermal insulation components of various cryogenic systems. In the present work, thermal expansion behaviors of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foams with different densities were investigated in the 20 K–270 K temperature range by means of a high-resolution extensometer technique, which has been verified through comparison with standard values of an AISI 304 stainless steel rod. The comparison result demonstrates that the maximum deviation from the standard coefficient of thermal expansion of the AISI 304 in cryogenic temperatures is less than 6.6%. Testing results indicate that the cryogenic thermal expansions of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foams depend reversely on density. Moreover, the thermal expansion behavior of closed-celled polyurethane rigid foams exhibits difference from that of bulky amorphous isotropic polymers, which have been attributed to several factors such as enclosed air and cellular structure.
Magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of Ln0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (Ln = Pr, Bi) manganite
Authors: Anuradha K. N. , Bhat S. V.
Published: January 2021

In this paper we compare the magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) and Bi0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (BCMO) charge ordered manganites. PCMO and BCMO samples were prepared by solid state reaction method. A commercial SQUID magnetometer was used to study the dc-magnetization in the temperature range of 10-300 K. The EPR experiments were carried out using a commercial X-band (frequency ∼ 9.4 GHz) spectrometer in the temperature range 4 K – 300 K. Marked differences are found when the magnetic and EPR properties of rare earth (PCMO) and bismuth based manganites (BCMO) are compared. The temperature dependent resonance fields of PCMO and BCMO samples are seen to be opposite to each other. PCMO shows the resonance field behavior similar to other charge ordered manganites, i.e., decreases with the decrease in temperature whereas the resonance field of BCMO increases with a decrease in temperature. The opposite behavior of resonance field could be due to the different magnetic structures present in the BCMO manganite.
Victorian public healthcare Chief Executive Officers' views on renewable energy supply
Authors: Burch Hayden , McGain Forbes
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveIdentify the views of healthcare leaders towards public healthcare’s carbon footprint; the importance or not of healthcare energy supply and sources and; the perceived key barriers for Victorian health care to show leadership on renewable energy sources and supply.
MethodsSelf-administered questionnaire (10 Likert scale, two open-ended questions) among 24 Victorian Health Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Responses were anonymous. Descriptive analysis was conducted.
ResultsOverall, 13/24 (54%) of CEOs responded. A majority (11/13) agreed that climate change is causing real and accelerating harm to health and the environment, with impacts on patients, staff and services a current issue. One hundred percent (13/13) saw leadership by the public healthcare sector on environmental sustainability as an important responsibility (strongly agreed, 9/13 (69%); agreed, 4/13 (31%)), with most CEOs supporting their institution increasing the amount of renewable electricity supply over-and-above grid levels (strongly agreed, 3/13 (23%); agreed, 9/13 (69%)). However, support for renewable electricity was, for the most part, aspirational and not perceived as a current priority. The key perceived barriers to increasing renewable electricity supply were Health Purchasing Victoria contract and financial constraints.
ConclusionsHealth care itself has a carbon footprint. Public healthcare CEOs are supportive of their institutions increasing use of renewable electricity supply, yet perceived barriers regarding inflexible and poorly transparent purchasing contracts and financial cost exist.
What is known about the topic?Australian health care contributes ~7 percent to Australia’s total carbon emissions, with hospital energy consumption (coal-generated electricity and natural/fossil gas) a large majority. An executive level champion is a consistent factor across health services that are taking the lead on environmental sustainability.
What does this paper add?Our research is original in understanding the views of Victorian public healthcare CEOs on climate change, renewable energy supply and key barriers to increasing uptake. A majority of public healthcare CEOs see energy choices as an important issue for their patients, staff and institution, and that greater leadership should be shown by health care in light of the urgency required to address greenhouse gas emissions. However, support for renewable electricity was, for the most part, aspirational, with specific barriers identified across the healthcare network.
What are the implications for practitioners?This research provides information that can inform a pathway to healthcare decarbonisation via sector-wide action.
Spatiotemporal variability of soil organic carbon for different topographic and land use types in a gully watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Yang Fan , Wei Xiaorong , Huang Mingbin , Li Chenhui , Zhao Xiaofang , Zhang Zhongdian
Published: January 2021

The ‘Grain-for-Green’ program implemented on the Loess Plateau in China has dramatically changed land use types, and subsequently enhanced the spatiotemporal variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the watersheds. However, the spatiotemporal variability of SOC for different topographic and land use types within small watersheds has not been adequately explored following the implementation of the ‘Grain-for-Green’ program. In this study, we determined the spatiotemporal variability of SOC content using the data collected in 1993, 2002, 2005, and 2012 and measured in 2018 and identified its driving factors for different topographic (tableland, sloping land, and gully) and land use types in the Wangdonggou watershed on the Loess Plateau. The spatial patterns of SOC content differed among tableland, sloping land, and gully, with higher spatial variability in gully than sloping land and tableland. The SOC content in the 0–20 cm soil layer in 2018 increased by 8.58%, 26.4%, and 22.2%, compared to 2002, for tableland, sloping land, and gully, respectively. Woodland and grassland had a great potential to sequester and stabilise carbon. The vegetation cover was a relatively dominant factor affecting SOC content throughout the watershed. Our results indicate a close relationship between SOC content and topographic, vegetation, and edaphic variables. This information is critical for understanding SOC dynamics at the watershed scale for sustainable ecological restoration.
Análisis del humor en un corpus de habla infantil espontánea
Authors: Garrote Marta
Published: January 2021

Abstracta

Este trabajo analiza la capacidad humorística de niños de 3;0 a 6;0 años durante sus interacciones con adultos y entre iguales, recogidas en un corpus de habla infantil espontánea del español. El marco metodológico está en la línea del propuesto porTimofeeva-Timofeev (2017), basado en las seis etapas sugeridas porMcGhee (1979), y recurre, para analizar los datos, a las teorías sobre el origen del humor (Meyer 2000) y los tipos de incongruencia preferidos por los niños (Klein 2003). Los resultados muestran un incremento tanto de situaciones verbales humorísticas como de la complejidad pragmática de las mismas desde los 3;0 a los 6;0 años, especialmente a partir de los 5;0 años, momento en el cual se empieza a apreciar en los mensajes de los niños una competencia metapragmática superior (Gombert 1992).