bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melanoma Antigen Family A (MAGE A) as Promising Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Verma Shiv , Swain Diya , Kushwaha Prem Prakash , Brahmbhatt Smit , Gupta Karishma , Sundi Debasish , Gupta Sanjay
Published: January 2024

The Melanoma Antigen Gene (MAGE) is a large family of highly conserved proteins that share a common MAGE homology domain. Interestingly, many MAGE family members exhibit restricted expression in reproductive tissues but are abnormally expressed in various human malignancies, including bladder cancer, which is a common urinary malignancy associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The recent literature suggests a more prominent role for MAGEA family members in driving bladder tumorigenesis. This review highlights the role of MAGEA proteins, the potential for them to serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker(s), and as therapeutic targets for bladder cancer.
Grade 2, 3 and Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcomas: A Comparative Study of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutant and Wild-Type Tumors with Implications for Prognosis and Therapy
Authors: Schoedel Karen , Heim Tanya , Duensing Anette , Lohse Ines , Presutti Laura , Belayneh Rebekah , Bhogal Sumail , Singh-Varma Anya , Chang Alexander , Chandran Uma , Marker Daniel , Szabo-Rogers Heather , Weiss Kurt
Published: January 2024

Background: Grade 2 and 3 and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas (CS) are frequently associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and often exhibit a poor clinical outcome. Treatment is limited mainly to surgery. Defining IDH status (wild type (WT) and mutant) and the associated transcriptome may prove useful in determining other therapeutic options in these neoplasms. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from 69 primary and recurrent grade 2, 3 and dedifferentiated CS was obtained. DNA sequencing for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations (n = 47) and RNA sequencing via Nextseq 2000 (n = 14) were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to predict aberrant biological pathways with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software (Qiagen). Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) using subsets C3, C5 and C7 were performed. Differentially expressed genes were validated by immunohistochemistry. Outcome analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: A set of 69 CS (28 females, 41 males), average age 65, distributed among femur, pelvis, humerus, and chest wall were identified from available clinical material. After further selection based on available IDH status, we evaluated 15 IDH WT and 32 IDH mutant tumors as part of this dataset. Out of 15 IDH WT tumors, 7 involved the chest wall/scapula, while 1 of 32 mutants arose in the scapula. There were far more genes overexpressed in IDH WT tumors compared to IDH mutant tumors. Furthermore, IDH WT and IDH mutant tumors were transcriptomically distinct in the IPA and GSEA, with IDH mutant tumors showing increased activity in methylation pathways and endochondral ossification, while IDH WT tumors showed more activity in normal matrix development pathways. Validation immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of WT1 and AR in IDH WT tumors, but not in IDH mutants. SATB2 was expressed in IDH mutant tumors and not in WT tumors. Outcome analysis revealed differences in overall survival between mutant and WT tumors (p = 0.04), dedifferentiated mutant and higher-grade (2, 3) mutant tumors (p = 0.03), and dedifferentiated mutant and higher-grade (2, 3) WT tumors (p = 0.03). The longest survival times were observed in patients with higher-grade WT tumors, while patients with dedifferentiated mutant tumors showed the lowest survival. Generally, patients with IDH WT tumors displayed longer survival in both the higher-grade and dedifferentiated groups. Conclusions: Grade 2, 3 and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas are further characterized by IDH status, which in turn informs transcriptomic phenotype and overall survival. The transcriptome is distinct depending on IDH status, and implies different treatment targets.
The Impact of Statins on the Survival of Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib or Lenvatinib
Authors: Han Ji Eun , Kim Jisu , Cheong Jae Youn , Kim Soon Sun , Lim Sun Gyo , Yang Min Jae , Noh Choong-Kyun , Lee Gil Ho , Eun Jung Woo , Park Bumhee , Cho Hyo Jung
Published: January 2024

We aimed to evaluate the survival benefits of coadministering statins and multityrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea (2010–2020) were utilized. Statin use (≥28 cumulative defined daily doses) was analyzed, with 1534 statin users matched to 6136 non-users (1:4 ratio) using propensity scores. Primary and secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Statin use significantly improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.82, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.84, p < 0.001). Continuous or post-TKI statin users had better OS, while discontinuation after TKI use led to poorer OS. Both lipophilic and hydrophilic statins improved OS and PFS, particularly with ≥730 cumulative defined daily doses. In conclusion, combining statins and TKIs in patients with advanced HCC yielded significant survival benefits, influenced by statin dosage and duration. Continuous statin administration post-TKI treatment is crucial for improving outcomes in patients with HCC.
Second-Line Treatment Options for Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Light at the End of the Tunnel
Authors: Meriggi Fausto
Published: January 2024

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a subtype of lung tumor characterized by rapid growth and early metastatic dissemination. It represents approximately 15% of all diagnosed lung cancers, with an annual incidence of over 200,000 cases worldwide. At the time of initial diagnosis, approximately 75–80% of patients already have extrathoracic spread. Almost all patients with SCLC also relapse after achieving a complete response with first-line treatment. Outcomes achievable in second-line treatment are related to the length of time between completion of first-line therapy and disease progression. While first-line chemo-immunotherapy remains the standard of care for initial management, the role of second-line treatment strategies in SCLC has been a topic of significant research and discussion. Second-line treatment options are limited and the results are still disappointing. Several molecules are currently being studied in lines following the first, using immunological targets and cell cycle checkpoints. Among these, particular interest has been placed on anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death-1 protein) and anti-PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) monoclonal antibodies, and DLL3 (Delta-like ligand 3), which are being evaluated alone or in combination. Tarlatamab is a novel promising therapeutic antibody currently under investigation for its potential use in previously treated SCLC patients. This mini-review will explore the current state of second-line treatment options for SCLC, their clinical efficacy, and future directions.
Diverse Approaches to Insect Control: Utilizing Brassica carinata (A.) Braun and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Oil as Modern Bioinsecticides
Authors: Rzyska Katarzyna , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga , Kurasiak-Popowska Danuta
Published: January 2024

The forest environment is exposed to a number of harmful factors that significantly reduce the resistance of forest stands, often leading to their extinction. In addition to abiotic and anthropogenic factors, biotic factors pose a significant threat to forests, among which insect pests are at the top of the list. Until now, the use of chemical insecticides has been considered the most effective method of pest control, resulting in pesticide residue in the environment. In an effort to minimize the harmful effects of insecticides, the European Union (EU), through EU Commission Implementing Regulations 2022/94, 2021/2081, 2021/795, and 2020/1643, has decided to withdraw from use a number of preparations containing compounds such as phosmet, indoxacarb, alpha-cypermethrin, and imidacloprid, among others. Botanical insecticides appear to be a promising alternative. Among them, plant oils and essential oils have become an innovative solution for controlling pests not only of forests but also of agricultural crops. The purpose of this literature review was to select oilseed plants with great biological potential. The rich chemical compositions of the seeds of Brassica carinata (A.) Braun and Camelina sativa (L.) Cranz predispose them to use as raw materials for the production of biopesticides with broad mechanisms of action. On the one hand, the oil will provide a physical action of covering pests feeding on a plant with a thin film, which will consequently lead to a reduction in gas exchange processes. On the other hand, the bioactive compounds in it or extracts of fat-insoluble compounds suspended in it and derived from the pomace fraction may have deterrent or lethal effects. This paper presents evidence of the potential action of these raw materials. Preparations based on these oils will not pose a threat to living beings and will not negatively affect the environment, thus allowing them to gain social acceptance.
Physiological and Endophytic Fungi Changes in Grafting Seedlings of Qi-Nan Clones (Aquilaria sinensis)
Authors: Fang Xiaoying , Li Xiaofei , Zhang Qilei , Hu Houzhen , Hong Zhou , Liu Xiaojin , Cui Zhiyi , Xu Daping
Published: January 2024

In recent years, some new Qi-Nan clones of Aquilaria sinensis, which have the characteristics of easily induced and high-quality agarwood, have been selected and propagated by grafting seedlings. To date, research on the grafting of Qi-Nan seedlings is limited. In this study, the effects of grafting on physiological characteristics and endophytic fungi of seedlings within a short period after grafting were studied by means of histochemical observations, physiological index determinations and Illumina sequencing. The results showed that the grafting healing time of ordinary A. sinensis was at least 10 days shorter than that of Qi-Nan, according to the degree of lignification of callus, and the tissue basis for the healing was the interxylary phloem. The MDA content of Qi-Nan peaked earlier than that of ordinary A. sinensis. The contents of JA and ABA peaked earlier in ordinary A. sinensis, and the SA content was significantly higher than that of Qi-Nan at 20–40 days; on average, it was 17.33% higher than that of Qi-Nan. A total of 5 phyla, 28 classes, 84 orders, 197 families, 489 genera and 842 species of endophytic fungi were identified before and after grafting. After grafting, the abundance and diversity of endophytic fungi in ordinary A. sinensis and Qi-Nan decreased, and the endophytic fungi were significantly different before and after grafting. In ordinary A. sinensis, before grafting, Dothideomycetes was the dominant class, and after grafting, Sordariomycetes was the dominant class. The dominant class of Qi-Nan before and after grafting was Dothideomycetes. The dominant genus of ordinary A. sinensis before grafting was Devriesia, and after grafting, it was Fusarium; that of Qi-Nan before grafting was Hyweljonesia and after grafting was Arthopyrenia. Functional genes of the endophytic fungi were mostly related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism, which may be the reason why endophytic fungi promote agarwood formation in Aquilaria trees. The findings suggest that the healing of the grafting interface in A. sinensis seedlings was the result of multiple factors, and endophytic fungi of Qi-Nan scion changed after grafting.
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from the Epiphytic Lichens: Incubation Experiments
Authors: Matvienko Anastasia I. , Evgrafova Svetlana Y. , Kovaleva Natalia M. , Sideleva Elizaveta V. , Sitnikova Maria V. , Menyailo Oleg V. , Masyagina Oxana V.
Published: January 2024

Because they are widespread and evolutionarily old, epiphytic lichens (ELs) play an important role in global forest ecosystems. ELs are abundant in Siberian forest ecosystems, which are highly vulnerable to climate change; thus, ELs can be important contributors to the carbon (C) cycle. This study aims to address the unknown role of tree-inhabiting ELs in the C cycle of forest ecosystems in Central Siberia, where the EL biomass ranges from 492 to 3200 kg per ha. The main finding of this study is that ELs in a hydrated state can generate CH4 for an extended period (at least two weeks), as determined by an incubation method. At the same EL moisture level, EL CO2 fluxes are species-specific. The pattern of the release or uptake of GHGs by ELs may also alter due to climate change, e.g., changes in precipitation regimes (such as more frequent extreme rainfalls and droughts). Therefore, the EL contribution to the C cycle in forest ecosystems should be assessed, e.g., via the modeling of C cycling. Furthermore, specific factors, such as the EL exposure on the phorophyte stem, the EL biodiversity, and the day/night GHG fluxes, should be considered for a more concise assessment of ELs’ contribution to the C cycle of forest ecosystems and their response to ongoing and projected climate change.
The Spatial Pattern of the Tertiary Relict Plant Tetracentron sinense Oliver and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhang Huan , Deng Hongping , Gan Xiaohong
Published: January 2024

Tertiary relict plants are of great scientific value in the study of flora evolution, angiosperm systems, and ancient origins. Paying attention to their spatial patterns can better reflect the change dynamics of the species to implement targeted protection countermeasures. In this study, we investigated the spatial patterns of Tetracentron sinense Oliver, a tertiary relict plant, and further studied the intra- and interspecific and environmental factors impacting the patterns. The results reveal that most of the individuals of T. sinense were distributed in the 1700–1800 m altitudinal belt, and they were highly aggregated at a small scale. The young trees showed a positive interaction with adult trees. The dominant species showed a positive interaction with T. sinense; the interaction gradually became non-significant or negative as the scale increased. The key abiotic factors affecting the distribution of T. sinense were altitude, litter depth, zinc, and calcium. These results highlight the intra- and interspecific interactions and environmental factors influencing the spatial pattern of T. sinense. Our results provide new insights into tertiary relict species’ spatial patterns and nearline factors. Moreover, these findings have relevant implications for conserving and managing tertiary relict plants in a constantly fragmented habitat.
The Role of Next-Generation Sequencing in the Management of Patients with Suspected Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy after Syncope or Termination of Sudden Arrhythmic Death
Authors: Vokač Damijan , Stangler Herodež Špela , Krgović Danijela , Kokalj Vokač Nadja
Published: January 2024

Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death are frequent in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and can precede heart failure or additional symptoms where malignant cardiac arrhythmias are mostly the consequence of advanced cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Finding these subgroups and making an early diagnosis could be lifesaving. In our retrospective study, we are presenting arrhythmic types of frequent cardiomyopathies where an arrhythmogenic substrate is less well defined, as in ischemic or structural heart disease. In the period of 2 years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) tests along with standard clinical tests were performed in 208 patients (67 women and 141 men; mean age, 51.2 ± 19.4 years) without ischemic or an overt structural heart disease after syncope or aborted sudden cardiac death. Genetic variants were detected in 34.4% of the study population, with a significant proportion of pathogenic variants (P) (14.4%) and variants of unknown significance (VUS) (20%). Regardless of genotype, all patients were stratified according to clinical guidelines for aggressive treatment of sudden cardiac death with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The P variant identified by NGS serves for an accurate diagnosis and, thus, better prevention and specific treatment of patients and their relatives. Results in our study suggest that targeted sequencing of genes associated with cardiovascular disease is an important addendum for final diagnosis, allowing the identification of a molecular genetic cause in a vast proportion of patients for a definitive diagnosis and a more specific way of treatment. VUS in this target population poses a high risk and should be considered possibly pathogenic in reanalysis.
Structural Basis of Nucleic Acid Recognition and 6mA Demethylation by Caenorhabditis elegans NMAD-1A
Authors: Shang Guohui , Yang Meiting , Li Min , Ma Lulu , Liu Yunlong , Ma Jun , Chen Yiyun , Wang Xue , Fan Shilong , Xie Mengjia , Wu Wei , Dai Shaodong , Chen Zhongzhou
Published: January 2024

N6-methyladenine (6mA) of DNA is an emerging epigenetic mark in the genomes of Chlamydomonas, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals recently. Levels of 6mA undergo drastic fluctuation and thus affect fertility during meiosis and early embryogenesis. Here, we showed three complex structures of 6mA demethylase C. elegans NMAD-1A, a canonical isoform of NMAD-1 (F09F7.7). Biochemical results revealed that NMAD-1A prefers 6mA Bubble or Bulge DNAs. Structural studies of NMAD-1A revealed an unexpected “stretch-out” conformation of its Flip2 region, a conserved element that is usually bent over the catalytic center to facilitate substrate base flipping in other DNA demethylases. Moreover, the wide channel between the Flip1 and Flip2 of the NMAD-1A explained the observed preference of NMAD-1A for unpairing substrates, of which the flipped 6mA was primed for catalysis. Structural analysis and mutagenesis studies confirmed that key elements such as carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) and hypothetical zinc finger domain (ZFD) critically contributed to structural integrity, catalytic activity, and nucleosome binding. Collectively, our biochemical and structural studies suggest that NMAD-1A prefers to regulate 6mA in the unpairing regions and is thus possibly associated with dynamic chromosome regulation and meiosis regulation.
Temporal and Spatial Signatures of Scylla paramamosain Transcriptome Reveal Mechanistic Insights into Endogenous Ovarian Maturation under Risk of Starvation
Authors: Fu Yin , Zhang Fengying , Wang Wei , Xu Jiayuan , Zhao Ming , Ma Chunyan , Cheng Yongxu , Chen Wei , Su Zhixing , Lv Xiaokang , Liu Zhiqiang , Ma Keyi , Ma Lingbo
Published: January 2024

Variability in food availability leads to condition-dependent investments in reproduction. This study is aimed at understanding the metabolic response and regulatory mechanism of female Scylla paramamosain in response to starvation in a temporal- and tissue-specific manner. The mud crabs were starved for 7 (control), 14, 28, and 40 days for histological and biochemical analysis in the hepatopancreas, ovary, and serum, as well as for RNA sequencing on the hepatopancreas and ovary. We further highlighted candidate gene modules highly linked to physiological traits. Collectively, our observations suggested that starvation triggered endogenous ovarian maturation at the expense of hepatopancreas mass, with both metabolic adjustments to optimize energy and fatty acid supply from hepatopancreas to ovary in the early phase, followed by the activation of autophagy-related pathways in both organs over prolonged starvation. These specific adaptive responses might be considered efficient strategies to stimulate ovarian maturation of Scylla paramamosain under fasting stress, which improves the nutritional value of female mud crabs and other economically important crustaceans.
Strategic Third-Party Product Entry and Mode Choice under Self-Operating Channels and Marketplace Competition: A Game-Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Xu Biao , Huang Jinting , Zhang Xiaodan , Alejandro Thomas Brashear
Published: January 2024

To bolster their competitiveness and profitability, prominent e-commerce platforms have embraced dual retailing channels: self-operating channels and online marketplaces. However, a discernible trend is emerging wherein e-commerce platforms are expanding their marketplaces to encompass competitive third-party suppliers. Motivated by this trend, this study sought to examine the strategic integration of a third-party product amidst the competition between a self-operating channel and a marketplace. This investigation involved the development of a game-theoretic model involving a platform and two representative suppliers—an incumbent supplier and a new entrant. Specifically, we delved into establishing an equilibrium partnership between the platform and the new entrant supplier while also evaluating the self-operating strategy of the established supplier. Our analysis uncovered a counterintuitive outcome: an escalation in the commission rate resulted in diminished profits for the established supplier. Furthermore, we ascertained that the economic implications of a competitive product entry pivot significantly on product quality. Lastly, we demonstrated that the revenue-sharing rate plays a pivotal role in influencing the self-operating strategy of the established supplier, and the market equilibrium hinges on the interplay among product quality, the commission rate, and the revenue-sharing rate. These insights provide invaluable guidance for marketers and e-commerce platforms in their strategic decision-making processes.
9-Ethyl-6,6-dimethyl-8-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazole-3-carbonitrile Hydrochloride
Authors: Buikin Petr A. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Novikov Roman A. , Korlyukov Alexander A.
Published: January 2024

Alectinib hydrochloride is an anticancer medication used for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Although it was approved for medical use ten years ago, and three polymorphs of this substance were proposed based on X-ray diffraction patterns, their crystal structures remained unknown to date. The main problem was the preparation of high quality single crystals due to the very low solubility of the salt. Herein, we report on the molecular and crystal structure of form I of alectinib hydrochloride as obtained using powder X-ray diffraction data from a laboratory source. Short Cl…N distances between the anion and the nitrogen atoms of the morpholine and benzo[b]carbazole rings indicate the positions of the H(N) atoms. As a result, the cation and anion form infinite Cl…H(N)-bonded chains.
Materials Nanoarchitectonics at Dynamic Interfaces: Structure Formation and Functional Manipulation
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: January 2024

The next step in nanotechnology is to establish a methodology to assemble new functional materials based on the knowledge of nanotechnology. This task is undertaken by nanoarchitectonics. In nanoarchitectonics, we architect functional material systems from nanounits such as atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials. In terms of the hierarchy of the structure and the harmonization of the function, the material created by nanoarchitectonics has similar characteristics to the organization of the functional structure in biosystems. Looking at actual biofunctional systems, dynamic properties and interfacial environments are key. In other words, nanoarchitectonics at dynamic interfaces is important for the production of bio-like highly functional materials systems. In this review paper, nanoarchitectonics at dynamic interfaces will be discussed, looking at recent typical examples. In particular, the basic topics of “molecular manipulation, arrangement, and assembly” and “material production” will be discussed in the first two sections. Then, in the following section, “fullerene assembly: from zero-dimensional unit to advanced materials”, we will discuss how various functional structures can be created from the very basic nanounit, the fullerene. The above examples demonstrate the versatile possibilities of architectonics at dynamic interfaces. In the last section, these tendencies will be summarized, and future directions will be discussed.
Preparation of eGaIn NDs/TPU Composites for X-ray Radiation Shielding Based on Electrostatic Spinning Technology
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Kaijun , Wu Jiale , Hu Jin , Mou Jiangfeng , Li Lian , Feng Yongjin , Deng Zhongshan
Published: January 2024

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with eutectic gallium (Ga) and indium (In) (eGaIn) fillings of 0 wt%–75 wt% were prepared using the electrostatic spinning method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the eGaIn NDs/TPU composites. To evaluate their X-ray shielding properties, Phy-X/PSD and WinXCom were employed to calculate the mass attenuation coefficients, linear attenuation coefficients, half-value layers, tenth value layers, mean free paths, and adequate atomic numbers of the eGaIn NDs/TPU composites. The SEM results indicated that the eGaIn nanodroplets were evenly distributed throughout the TPU fibers, and the flowable eGaIn was well-suited for interfacial compatibility with the TPU. A comparison of the eGaIn NDs/TPU composites with different content levels showed that the composite with 75 wt% eGaIn had the highest μm at all the evaluated energies, indicating a superior ability to attenuate X-rays. This non-toxic, lightweight, and flexible composite is a potential material for shielding against medical diagnostic X-rays.
Growth and Temperature Properties of the Phase-Matching Angle of 23% Deuterated ADP Crystal
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Ren Hongkai , Zhuang Shidong , Wang Xinle
Published: January 2024

Theoretical analysis indicated that partially deuterated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (DADP) crystal with a deuterium content of 23% could realize spectral noncritical phase-matching (S-NCPM) for type-I frequency doubling of an Nd:glass laser. To explore the temperature dependence of the phase matching (PM) angle of the second harmonic generation (SHG) process and the output SHG bandwidth of DADP crystal at 1.053 μm, we used the point-seed rapid-growth method to grow targeted DADP crystal with 23% deuterium content. Experimental results indicated that the grown DADP crystal had high quality and large dimensions (7 × 6 × 6 cm3). Using a femtosecond OPO laser as a tunable light source, the temperature dependence of the PM angle of the SHG process in DADP crystal at 1.053 μm was investigated. The PM angle changed linearly with temperature, as predicted by the theoretical calculation. In addition, under the condition of higher temperature, broad bandwidths of the second harmonic of DADP crystal were still observed. These results provide excellent guidance and reference value for the application of wavelength insensitive phase-matched second harmonic generation in partially deuterated DADP.
Stability Analysis of Metal Active-Gas Welding Short-Circuiting Transfer Based on Input Pulsating Energy
Authors: Lv Xiaoqing , He Quanjun , Xu Lianyong
Published: January 2024

In this study, a platform for a welding experiment, used to collect input and output electrical signals, was constructed, and the algorithm for the input pulsating energy interpolation line (IPEI) was given. Experiments with MAG surface straight line welding were conducted at various voltages. Analysis of the IPEI in relation to the welding current was performed while combining real-world welding occurrences with high-speed camera images of droplet transfer. It was established that the IPEI can be employed as a characteristic parameter to assess the stability of the short-circuiting transfer process in MAG welding. The three criteria for assessing the stability were the spectrum, approximation entropy, and coefficient of variation. A comparative analysis was conducted on each of these approaches. It was determined that the most effective technique is approximation entropy. The approximation entropy of the welding current and IPEI are also highly consistent, with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.9889.
Pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-Assisted Green Synthesis of Highly Stable Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Miu Bogdan Andrei , Stan Miruna Silvia , Mernea Maria , Dinischiotu Anca , Voinea Ionela Cristina
Published: January 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) are conventionally produced by using physical and chemical methods that are no longer in alignment with current society’s demand for a low environmental impact. Accordingly, green synthesis approaches are considered a potential alternative due to the plant extracts that substitute some of the hazardous reagents. The general mechanism is based on the reducing power of natural products that allows the formation of NPs from a precursor solution. In this context, our study proposes a simple, innovative, and reproducible green approach for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) that uses, for the first time, the major component of green tea (Camellia sinensis)—epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a non-toxic, dietary, accessible, and bioactive molecule. The influence of EGCG on the formation of TiO2 NPs was analyzed by comparing the physicochemical characteristics of green synthesized NPs with the chemically obtained ones. The synthesis of bare TiO2 NPs was performed by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in distilled water, and green TiO2 NPs were obtained in the same conditions, but in the presence of a 1 mM EGCG aqueous solution. The formation of TiO2 NPs was confirmed by UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy. SEM micrographs showed spherical particles with relatively low diameters. Our findings also revealed that green synthesized NPs were more stable in colloids than the chemically synthesized ones. However, the phytocompound negatively influenced the formation of a crystalline structure in the green synthesized TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the synthesis of EGCG–TiO2 NPs could become a versatile choice for applications extending beyond photocatalysis, including promising prospects in the biomedical field.
Numerical Study on a Ductile Fracture Model in Pre-Cracked Tension Tests of SUS304L
Authors: Park Sung-Ju , Lee Kangsu , Nam Woongshik , Kim Kookhyun , Park Byoungjae
Published: January 2024

The effectiveness of a ductile fracture model in accurately predicting fracture initiation has been demonstrated. In this study, we concentrate on applying the ductile fracture model to pre-cracked structures constructed from SUS304L stainless steel with experimental and numerical analyses. The Swift hardening law was employed to extend the plastic behavior beyond the onset of necking. Additionally, the Hosford–Coulomb model, integrated with a damaged framework, was utilized to predict ductile fracture behavior, particularly under non-proportional loading conditions. Tension tests were conducted on various specimens designed to illustrate various fracture modes resulting from geometric effects. Numerical analyses were conducted to explore the loading histories, utilizing an optimization process to calibrate fracture model parameters. The proposed fracture model is validated against pre-cracked structures detailed in a reference paper. The results convincingly demonstrate that the fracture model effectively predicts both fracture initiation and propagation in pre-cracked structures.
Influence of Carbon-Based Fillers on the Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of a Silicone-Potting Compound
Authors: Seidel Rafael , Katzer Konrad , Bieck Jakob , Langer Maurice , Hesselbach Julian , Heilig Michael
Published: January 2024

The effect of carbon-based additives on adhesives and potting compounds with regard to electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties is of great interest. The increasing power of wireless systems and the ever-higher frequency bands place new demands on shielding technology. This publication gives an overview of the effect of carbon-based fillers on electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding properties, and the influence of different fillers and filler amounts on rheological behavior. This work focuses on carbon black (CB), recycled carbon fibers (rCF), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and complex nanomaterials. Therefore, silicon samples with different fillers and filler amounts were prepared using a dual asymmetric centrifuge and a three-roll mill. It has been found that even with small filler amounts, the electromagnetic shielding properties were drastically raised. The filler content as well as the dispersion technique have a significant influence on most of the fillers. It has also been found that the complex viscosity is strongly influenced by the dispersion technique as well as by the choice and amount of filler. In the experiments carried out, shielding values of over 20 dB were achieved with several fillers, whereby even 43 dB were reached with complex, pre-crosslinked fillers. This signal reduction of up to 99.99% enables almost complete shielding of the related frequency.
Application of a Closed-Form Model in Analyzing the Fracture of Quasi-Brittle Materials
Authors: Han Xiangyu , Li Peng , Liu Jianguo
Published: January 2024

Fracture failure in quasi-brittle materials poses a persistent challenge in materials science and engineering. This study presents a thorough investigation of the Boundary Effect Model (BEM), offering a nuanced understanding of the size effect on fracture properties. The conceptual framework, evolutionary process, and applicability scope of BEM are elucidated, highlighting its accuracy and reliability in calculating fracture properties across various quasi-brittle materials. Through the integration of BEM with diverse fracture tests—such as three-point bending, four-point bending, and wedge-splitting—a linear correlation between maximum failure loads and material fracture properties is established. Notably, the study demonstrates that fracture properties, determined by BEM, can be regarded as consistent material constants across specimens of varying sizes, initial notch lengths, geometries, and microstructures. Validation of the BEM’s reliability encompasses the analysis of 140 fracture test results involving concrete, hard rocks, and bamboo scrimber. The synergy of non-linear and linear BEM analyses emerges as a robust approach for accurately predicting the fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on the potential of the Boundary Effect Model as a valuable tool for predicting and understanding fracture mechanics in diverse materials and scenarios. This research serves as an effective approach to accurately evaluating the fracture properties of quasi-brittle materials, which is of great practical significance for material design, engineering construction, and various industrial applications.
Bounds on the Clique and the Independence Number for Certain Classes of Graphs
Authors: Brimkov Valentin E. , Barneva Reneta P.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study the class of graphs Gm,n that have the same degree sequence as two disjoint cliques Km and Kn, as well as the class G¯m,n of the complements of such graphs. The problems of finding a maximum clique and a maximum independent set are NP-hard on Gm,n. Therefore, looking for upper and lower bounds for the clique and independence numbers of such graphs is a challenging task. In this article, we obtain such bounds, as well as other related results. In particular, we consider the class of regular graphs, which are degree-equivalent to arbitrarily many identical cliques, as well as such graphs of bounded degree.
The Implementation of Neural Networks for Polymer Mold Surface Evaluation
Authors: Vrbová Hana , Kubišová Milena , Měřínská Dagmar , Novák Martin , Pata Vladimir , Knedlová Jana , Sedlačík Michal , Šuba Oldřich
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the measurement and evaluation of the surfaces of molds produced using additive technologies. This is an emerging trend in mold production. The surfaces of such molds must be treated, usually using laser-based alternative machining methods. Regular evaluation is necessary because of the gradually deteriorating quality of the mold surface. However, owing to the difficulty in scanning the original surface of the injection mold, it is necessary to perform surface replication. Therefore, this study aims to describe the production of surface replicas for in-house developed polymer molds together with the determination of suitable descriptive parameters, the method of comparing variances, and the mean values for the surface evaluation. Overall, this study presents a new summary of the evaluation process of replicas of the surfaces of polymer molds. The nonlinear regression methodology provides the corresponding functional dependencies between the relevant parameters. The statistical significance of a neural network with two hidden layers based on the principle of Rosenblatt’s perceptron has been proposed and verified. Additionally, machine learning was utilized to better compare the original surface and its replica.
Nutritional Knowledge about Maternal and Newborn Health among Physiotherapists during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Marinho Isabelle , Silva Maria-Raquel G. , Paiva Teresa , Santos-Rocha Rita , Silva Hugo-Henrique
Published: January 2024

Adequate nutrition before and during pregnancy, as well as postpartum, is among the major contributors to maternal and newborn health. Physiotherapists’ knowledge of this area is still scarce, although their clinical practice has been linked to newborns’ neuropsychomotor development, which, in turn, is influenced by maternal health and nutritional status. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional knowledge of physiotherapists regarding maternal and newborn health. A total of 70 Brazilian physiotherapists (32.2 ± 6.0 years; 72.9% females) were evaluated between November 2019 and February 2020 for their sociodemographic characteristics, professional experience, and nutritional knowledge about maternal and newborn health through a validated questionnaire personally administered by the same trained researcher. Most of the physiotherapists had graduated but had no specialization in maternal and child physiotherapy (96.1% of the females and all the males). The nutritional knowledge about maternal and newborn health was significantly different between the female and male health professionals, as well as between the less and more experienced participants, i.e., female physiotherapists and the more experienced ones had more correct answers on the nutritional questionnaire than the male and less experienced physiotherapists, respectively (p < 0.05). Our results open an interesting window for the future education and training of Brazilian physiotherapists in nutrition.
The Use of Honey for Cicatrization and Pain Control of Obstetric Wounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ferraz Barbosa Bárbara , de Moraes Francisco Cezar Aquino , Araujo Alves da Silva Bruno , Bordignon Barbosa Camila , Pereira da Silva Izael , da Silva Emanuele Rocha , Barros Jamile Cristine Marques , Rebouças Laissa Wane Cavalcante , dos Santos Ney Pereira Carneiro , Fernandes Marianne Rodrigues
Published: January 2024

Objective: Several studies point to antibacterial properties and beneficial effects of honey on scar tissue formation, which is a low-cost and easy-to-use option. This study aimed to compare honey versus a placebo for cicatrization and pain control of obstetric wounds, and determine if one is superior to the other, in terms of efficacy, through a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. Two independent investigators identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing honey and a placebo for obstetric wounds. The primary outcomes were wound healing and pain control. Results: Five randomized controlled trials and 353 patients were included, of whom, 177 (50.1%) were treated with honey. Differences were not found in the final wound healing between the honey and placebo groups (MD −0.34; 95% CI −1.13, 0.44; p = 0.39); however, there was a decrease in pain levels in the middle of the treatment (SMD −0.54; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.25, p = 0.03), reduction in the use of pain medication (ORR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08, 0.86; p = 0.03), increase in personal satisfaction in women who underwent the intervention (ORR 0.81; 95% CI 0.65, 0.98), and reduction in complications. Conclusion: According to the study results, honey treatments showed greater efficiency and provided benefits to the patients by accelerating wound healing and decreasing reported pain.
Beat the Clock: Assessment of Night Eating Syndrome and Circadian Rhythm in a Sample of Greek Adults
Authors: Blouchou Anastasia , Chamou Vasiliki , Eleftheriades Christos , Poulimeneas Dimitrios , Kontouli Katerina-Maria , Gkiouras Konstantinos , Bargiota Alexandra , Gkouskou Kalliopi K. , Rigopoulou Eirini , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Grammatikopoulou Maria G.
Published: January 2024

The night eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by excessive food intake during the evening and night hours, with 25% of the daily intake being consumed post-dinner, paired with ep-isodes of nocturnal food intake, at a frequency of more than twice weekly. The NES has been associated with a misaligned circadian rhythm related to a delay in overall food intake, increased energy and fat consumption. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess NES in a Greek population and evaluate possible links between NES and chronotype. NES was assessed using the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and circadian rhythm, sleep and mood were evaluated with the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Mood (SCRAM) questionnaire. A total of 533 adults participated in the study. A relatively high prevalence of NES was revealed, with more than 8.1% (NEQ ≥ 30) of the participants reporting experiencing NES symptoms, depending on the NEQ threshold used. Most participants had the intermediate chronotype. NEQ score was positively associated with the morning chronotype, and SCRAM was negatively related to “Good Sleep”. Each point increment in the depression score was associated with 6% higher odds of NES. The early identification of NES gains importance in clinical practice, in a collective effort aiming to reduce NES symptomatology and its detrimental health effects.
Effect of Hydrothermal Aging on Damping Properties in Sisal Mat-Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Silva Moisés F. E. , Silva Beatriz R. , Marques Adrielle N. , Mattedi Silvana , Carvalho Ricardo F.
Published: January 2024

Hydrothermal aging is a matter of considerable concern for natural fiber-reinforced polymers; it can alter dimensional stability and induce microcracks and macro strain on the composite structure. This study applied a sorption kinetic model and examined the effects of water on the damping factor of sisal mat-reinforced polyester composites. The experimental data were fitted well using a Boltzmann sigmoid function, suggesting a promising first step toward kinetic water sorption modeling. Additionally, a damping test was carried out using the impulse excitation technique, highlighting the composite material’s dynamic response under varying water absorption conditions. The result showed that damping exhibited sensitivity to water absorption, increasing significantly during the first 24 h of immersion in water, then remained steady over time, inferring a critical time interval. An empirical model proved satisfactory with the correlation coefficient for sorption rates and damping of sisal mat polymeric composites.
Evaluation of GSMaP Version 8 Precipitation Products on an Hourly Timescale over Mainland China
Authors: Lv Xiaoyu , Guo Hao , Tian Yunfei , Meng Xiangchen , Bao Anming , De Maeyer Philippe
Published: January 2024

A thorough evaluation of the recently released Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) is critical for both end-users and algorithm developers. In this study, six products from three versions of GSMaP version 8, including real time (NOW-R and NOW-C), near real time (NRT-R and NRT-C), and post-real time (MVK-R and MVK-C), are systematically and quantitatively evaluated based on time-by-time observations from 2167 stations in mainland China. Among each version, both products with and without gauge correction are adopted to detect the gauge correction effect. Error quantification is carried out on an hourly timescale. Three common statistical indices (i.e., correlation coefficient (CC), relative bias (RB), and root mean square error (RMSE)) and three event detection capability indices (i.e., probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI)) were adopted to analyze the inversion errors in precipitation amount and precipitation event frequency across the various products. Additionally, in this study, we examine the dependence of GSMaP errors on rainfall intensity and elevation. The following main results can be concluded: (1) MVK-C exhibits the best ability to retrieve rainfall on the hourly timescale, with higher CC values (0.31 in XJ to 0.47 in SC), smaller RMSE values (0.14 mm/h in XJ to 0.99 mm/h in SC), and lower RB values (−4.78% in XJ to 16.03% in NC). (2) Among these three versions, the gauge correction procedure plays a crucial role in reducing errors, especially in the post-real-time version. After being corrected, MVK-C demonstrates an obvious CC value improvement (>0.3 on the hourly timescale) in various sub-regions, increasing the percentage of sites with CC values above 0.5 from 0.03% (MVK-R) to 28.47% (MVK-C). (3) GSMaP products generally exhibit error dependencies on precipitation intensity and elevation, particularly in areas with drastic elevation changes (such as 1200–1500 m and 3000–3300 m), where the accuracy of satellite precipitation estimates is significantly affected. (4) CC values decreased with an increasing rainfall intensity; RB and RMSE values increased with an increasing rainfall intensity. The results of this study may be helpful for algorithm developers and end-users and provide a scientific reference for different hydrological applications and disaster risk reduction.