bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antenatal parameters to predict mortality and major morbidity in very low birth weight preterm neonates
Authors: Das Ghanshyam , Gautam Shweta
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine effect of maternal factors and abnormal antenatal color Doppler of umbilical artery on mortality and major morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, of a teaching institution of central India. All consecutive intramural live-born preterm neonates, delivered with BW of 1000–<1500 g, were included in the study. All preterm neonates received standardized neonatal care as per the unit protocol. A total of 400 intramural live-born VLBW, preterm neonates (diagnosed as per WHO criteria) were included in the study; out of which, 103 had absent or reversed end-diastolic blood flow and 117 had forward enddiastolic blood flow and in the remaining 180 babies, color Doppler could not be done. All the VLBW neonates were followed up till the time of discharge or death. The mortality and major morbidity (one or more of the following: intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during hospital stay were assessed in all the babies. Results: A total of 400 preterm neonates were enrolled in study, out of which, 109 died (27.25%). The causes of neonatal mortality included septicemia (44.9%), birth asphyxia (18.34%), hyaline membrane disease (30.6%), pulmonary hemorrhage (11.34%), prematurity (10.09%), aspirationpneumonia (8.25%), IVH (1.83%), and NEC (1.83%). Abnormal antenatal Doppler 15.1 (8.7–25.5) (p=0.0001) was an important factor for the major morbidities. Among maternal risk factors, premature rupture of membrane (p=0.015), meconium-stained liquor (p=0.01), fetal distress (p=0.001), and the absence of antenatal steroid (p=0.0001) significantly predict the mortality. Conclusion: Among maternal factors, premature rupture of membrane, meconium-stained liquor, and abnormal antenatal color Doppler are the important predictors of early mortality and major morbidities such as respiratory distress syndrome, IVH, NEC in VLBW neonates
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder management: A biopsychosocial model
Authors: Daniel Reeba Ann
Published: June 2020

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. It represents a complex problem because it appears at an early age, affects the daily lives of children from all areas of development, and is likely to persist throughout the life. The main management interventions in ADHD include pharmacotherapy, behavioral management, and family therapy which vary in their precedence according to age of the child and degree of impairment in the child. The biopsychosocial model tries to elucidate the interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors which determine the cause, manifestation, and outcome of any disease. In this article, we discuss how the biopsychosocial model of disease can be applied to ADHD to explain the symptoms as well as how it can help in planning of management at individual level.
Awareness and impact of educational intervention regarding kangaroo mother care among pediatricians of Marathwada region of Maharashtra
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Pise Harshal N
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare knowledge and attitudes toward kangaroo mother care (KMC) among pediatric practitioners in Marathwada region before and after a workshop on KMC. Material and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted among 40 pediatricians practising in the rural area of Marathwada region. Clinicians having at least Level 2 neonatal intensive care unit setup at their place were enrolled in the study. Every pediatrician satisfying the selection criteria and willing to participate was enrolled in the study. They were given a questionnaire, consisting 25 questions, which were supposed to be answered at the time of enrolment, i.e., pre-test. After that, the participant was given a short booklet on KMC to read, and then after a gap of 7 days, the participant attended a workshop on KMC for 4 h, in which details regarding KMC, advantages of KMC, and videos showing actual practice of KMC were shown to participants. After completion of workshop, participants were given the same questionnaire and pre- and post-test scores were calculated. Results: The mean score in basic knowledge was 20
A study to assess the factors associated with developmental delay and nutritional status among the children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate
Authors: Sampagar Abhilasha , Lakhkar Bhavana , Bafna Tanvi , Mahantashetti Niranjana S
Published: June 2020

Background: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Development is often affected in these children. It may be due to other associated defects, syndromic status, or malnutrition. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with developmental delay and nutritional status among the children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics of a Medical College in Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, for 2 years from August 2010 to March 2012. All children below 15 years with cleft lip and/or palate admitted in the pediatric ward, the neonatal intensive care unit, or postnatal ward were included in the study. A total of 200 children were included in the study and were analyzed for developmental delay and growth lag. Results: Cleft clip was seen in 51 (25.5%) of the children, 25 (12.5%) had cleft palate, and 124 (62%) had both cleft lip and palate. Developmental delay was more common in cleft palate category; however, it was not statistically significant (?2=0.90, p=0.34). Unilateral form of defects had more number of delays as compared to bilateral defects, and it was statistically significant (?2=7.32, p=0.006). Delay was more common when both the defects were present together as compared to isolated defects; however, it was not statistically significant. Gross motor and language delay were the most common type followed by global and personal social. 12.5% of children were syndromic. Most of the syndromic children (64%) had global developmental delay (?2=7.84, significant). 69.6% of children below the age group of 5 years were malnourished (?2=16, significant). Faulty feeding (73.5%), recurrent respiratory infections (21.4%), and repeated hospitalization (17.1%) were the statistically significant factors for poor growth. Conclusion: Global developmental delay was more common in syndromic children. Overall, delay was more commonly seen in children with unilateral defect. Factors, which contributed to growth lag, were faulty feeding, recurrent respiratory infections, and repeated hospitalization.
Prognostic value of hyponatremia in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Hanchinmani Arpana , Kamble Dnyanesh Duryodhan , Patil Vishwanath Dundappa
Published: June 2020

Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in critically ill children. Although hyponatremia in hospitalized children is associated with adverse outcomes, the risk can be reduced by early diagnosis and intervention. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the outcome of hyponatremia in critically ill children seeking emergency care in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: Demographic data, detailed history, systemic examinations, and routine blood and urine investigations were conducted if required for 100 critically ill children aged 1 month
Clinical and laboratory profile of children admitted with measles in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: P Leela Kumari , T Ranjith Kumar
Published: June 2020

Background: Measles is a vaccine-preventable viral illness associated with substantial childhood morbidity and mortality. Recently, changing trends in the occurrence of measles are noted like incidence in younger infants and in those who have received measles vaccine. Objectives: The objective was to study the clinical profile of children with measles and to study the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosing measles and to study the measles-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) response in children with measles. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Pediatrics Department of a Tertiary Care Center, and the study population was children up to 12 years of age admitted in the setting with a clinical diagnosis of measles during the study period and who were laboratory confirmed by PCR/IgM ELISA or both. Results: Of 173 clinically diagnosed cases, 149 laboratory confirmed cases were taken for analysis and studied. Of these, 47% of cases were below 9 months. Newborns constituted 2.01% of the total cases. The mean age was 13 months and the male:female ratio was 1.13:1. A total of 24.8% children were unimmunized, 16.77% had a single dose, and 8.72% had 2 doses of measles vaccine. Overall mortality was 0.67% and bronchopneumonia was the major complication (76.5%). Among immunized children with measles confirmed by PCR, measles-specific IgM response was reactive in 36.4% of cases. In the early phase of measles (within 3 days) confirmed by PCR, IgM response was inconclusive in 60% of cases. Conclusion: In our study, 47% of the cases of measles were below 9 months; therefore, the age of measles vaccination may be reconsidered. Among eligible cases (>9 months), 24.83% were not immunized for measles which indicates that measles immunization coverage should be increased. Among the measles cases, 25% had measles vaccination which highlights the need to check for the determinants of vaccine failure. In our study, the RT-PCR was found to be useful for early diagnosis of measles and for diagnosis in immunized children.
Validity of non-invasive hemoglobin measured by pulse co-oximeter in neonates - An observational study
Authors: Lingaldinna Swapna , M Anitha , Sundaram Mangalabharathi
Published: June 2020

Background: Hemoglobin is a frequently ordered investigation in neonatal intensive care units. There is a need for hemoglobin estimation by point of care methods to reduce iatrogenic anemia and to alleviate pain associated with repeated venous sampling. Pulse co-oximeters have been developed to measure hemoglobin non-invasively based on spectrophotometric method. We compared hemoglobin measured by pulse co-oximeter with reference venous hemoglobin in neonates admitted to a tertiary care newborn unit. Design: This was an observational study. Duration: The study duration was from November 2016 to December 2016. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore. Methods: Neonates admitted in nursery who warranted hemoglobin estimation underwent both invasive venous hemoglobin estimation by automated hematology analyzer and non-invasive hemoglobin estimation by pulse co-oximeter (Masimo SET radical 7). Results: Of 158 newborns enrolled, the device failure rate was 12.5%. The bias between transcutaneous and venous hemoglobin was 1.66±2.26 g/dl (mean ± standard deviation). Transcutaneous and venous hemoglobin showed moderate agreement on Bland Altman plot with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.56. At lower levels of hemoglobin, we noted higher bias. It was 2.69±1.87 g/dl at hemoglobin <13 g/dl and 3.29±1.86 at hemoglobin ?10 g/dl. On regression analysis, only the level of hemoglobin influenced bias and device failure rate. Conclusion: Non-invasive hemoglobin measured by pulse co-oximeter shows only a moderate agreement with reference venous hemoglobin in neonates admitted to nursery. We report a high device failure rate of 12.6%. Level of hemoglobin is the single most determinant of device failure and degree of agreement. With high device failure rates and poor agreement at low hemoglobin levels, the clinical utility appears negligible.
Association of cord blood and maternal lipid profiles
Authors: Abraham Nita Mariam , Kuruvilla Satish Korah , S Manikandan , Krishnan Lalitha
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the cord blood lipid profile in neonates in relation to maternal preconceptional body mass index (BMI), maternal glucose intolerance, maternal lipid profile, family history of metabolic syndrome, intrauterine fetal growth, and birth weight of baby. Methodology: It was a prospective cohort study and was carried out in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of 1 year. The sample size estimated was 150 mother-infant pairs. Informed consent was obtained from mothers fulfilling the criteria and a structured pro forma was filled with details of the mother and baby. Samples were drawn for the determination of lipid profile of the baby and mothers. Independent t-test was used to compare the lipid profile parameters in mother and in cord blood. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 150 babies and mothers were included in the study. 78 (52%) were male and 72 (48%) were female. The mean birth weight of babies was 3009±0.391 g; 133 (89%) were appropriate for gestational age, and 17 (11%) were small for gestation. Among the mothers, 36 (24%) had gestational diabetes, 18 (12%) were obese, and 86 (58%) women had family history of diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension. No statistically significant difference was noted in the cord lipids of babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes (p=0.033). Comparison of lipid values with gestational maturity did not reveal any statistical significance (p=0.24). High-density lipoprotein was significantly low for low birth weight babies compared to normal weight babies (p=0.03). Positive family history did not show any statistically significant difference in the lipids of the baby. BMI of the mother did not show any significant effect on the cord lipids. Conclusion: There was no association of cord blood and maternal lipid profiles. BMI of the mother did not show any significant effect on the cord blood lipids. Maternal gestational diabetes, family history of hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia had no effect on the cord blood lipids.
Clinical profile and outcome of scorpion sting envenomation in children at a tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Laxmanan Karpagam , Vengadakrishnan Jakanattane
Published: June 2020

Background: Clinical manifestations from scorpion sting envenomation ranges from mild local pain to systemic manifestation involving multiple systems. With recent protocol guided management the mortality has reduced to as low as 1% from 30% in earlier days. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the clinical profile and outcome of scorpion sting envenomation in children. Methodology: This prospective, observational study was conducted in tertiary care centre of South India over 1 year. On admission, detailed history and clinical examination were done and recorded. The children were graded according to the type of symptoms and signs present and managed accordingly. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Results: Our study included 97 children, of which children aged 1–3 years contributed to the maximum cases (47%). Male children (54.6%) were affected more than female (45.4%). Majority of the cases were from a rural area (67%). Red scorpion stings (59%) were more common, and 63% of the stings occurred in the night time. Lower limbs (54%) were the common site of sting. The most common symptom was pain (93%), and the least common was convulsion. The most common presentation was with autonomic symptoms (Grade 2–33%). The most common electrocardiogram finding was tachycardia (74%). Of the total 97 cases, 5 cases had severe pulmonary edema and required ventilator support, and all 5 cases expired. Complications like pulmonary edema were less when children received the first dose of prazosin within 6 h. Conclusion: Early hospitalization, early administration of prazosin, monitoring of vitals, management of complications, and good supportive care may reduce the morbidity and mortality due to scorpion envenomation.
Ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystic intra-abdominal lesions in children - a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Shikha Sivasankara Pillai , Sreepriya Pankajakshan Rema , Pillai Sandeep Babu Bhaskaran , Mohanan Kunnummal , Rajendran Vadukkoot Raman , Nair Anish Thekkumkara Surendran
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pediatric abdominal cystic swellings are very common in clinical practice, with widely variable differential diagnoses. Demarcation of the organ of origin and possible nature of pathology is hence very essential. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the pattern of ultrasound diagnosed intra-abdominal cystic swellings in children and to evaluate the role of ultrasound as the primary imaging modality in these lesions. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, of a Medical College of Kerala, India. Study participants were children below 12 years presenting with intra-abdominal cystic swellings who underwent abdominal ultrasonography. Direct visualization at the time of surgery or histopathological diagnosis was the gold standard. Percentage of concordance between radiological findings and final diagnosis was calculated. Significance of ultra-sonological findings associated to malignancy was assessed using Chi-square test. Results: In this study, the most common organ of origin for the cysts was the kidney, and the most common diagnosis was hydronephrosis. In 62 out of the total of 65 cases, ultrasound was able to rightly predict the pathology as to benign or malignant, with an overall accuracy of 95.3%. It had a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 96.6%, and positive predictive value of 83.3%, and negative predictive value of 98.2% in determining the benign or malignant nature of a cyst. Conclusions: Ultrasound was found to be highly accurate in ascertaining the organ of origin, and in predicting whether a cyst is benign or malignant.
Acute leukemia after cytotoxic treatment in a child with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Tiwari Manjari , Shukla Arvind Kumar , Srivastava Geetika , Bhatnagar Shrish
Published: June 2020

Renal involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs due to several factors including leukemic infiltration of the kidneys, therapy-related side effects such as tumor lysis syndrome, nephrotoxic drugs, and septicemias. A 3-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome (NS) who was previously treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine A for 14 months after the initial diagnosis of NS, presented to the emergency department with fever, breathing difficulty, generalized edema, and body pain with pallor, without evidence of lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae, or purpura. On investigation, peripheral blood smear showed blast cells >80% and bone marrow aspiration showed complete replacement of the marrow with L1 lymphoblasts, consistent with a diagnosis of ALL. The exact mechanism of developing acute leukemia after cytotoxic treatment has not been established; the possibility must be considered that the incidence of this malignant disease is increased after cytotoxic treatment for nonmalignant diseases.
Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an infant: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Gajimwar Vishal , Meshram Rajkumar M
Published: June 2020

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of childhood which originates from marrow-derived immature myeloid dendritic cells of skin and visceral organs with incompletely understood etiopathogenesis. An 11-month-old infant presented with fever, pallor, multiple erythematous, crusted, scaly hypopigmented macules, and shiny colored papules over scalp, forehead, and trunk along with hepatosplenomegaly. Persistent pancytopenia, punched out lesion on a brain scan, and multinucleated giant cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm admixture with eosinophils and lymphocytes on skin biopsy were seen. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD1a and S100. The patient was treated with vinblastine and steroid, but unfortunately parents did not complete the therapy. A high index of suspicion is necessary to make timely diagnosis and therapy to minimize the frustration felt by parents/patients.
Schools as opportunity for oral health promotion: Existing status in India
Authors: Chahar Puneet , Jain Meena , Sharma Ankur , Yadav Nisha , Mutneja Parul , Jain Vishal
Published: June 2020

Childhood is a significant stage in people’s lives where they are more receptive toward behavior shaping; thus, schools have been considered important foundation in addressing the health and social issues. School oral health education programs have produced affirmative results in improving the overall health of the child. The aim of the current review was to explore the history of school health, models of school health and existing efforts of School Oral Health Programs (SOHP) in India. The review identified five existing SOHP (Indian Dental Association - Colgate’s “Young India” Bright Smiles, Bright Futures, Chacha Nehru Sehat Yojna - School health scheme [Government of Delhi], Neev - SOHP, Intensive Dental Health Care Program - Punjab, Trinity CareFoundation - Bengaluru, National Oral Health Program, AIIMS) which is either running or proposed. It is recommended that the upcoming SOHP should be crafted on the existing evidence-based guidelines and theoretical models of school health. Prompt execution of proposed programs should be the priority to target the optimum oral health of the children.
An electroencephalographic study in birth asphyxia and correlation of electroencephalographic pattern with neurodevelopment outcome at 6-month age
Authors: Jain Ashish , Shrivastav Jyotsna , Prajapati Jyoti
Published: June 2020

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most common medical emergencies of newborn and important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In India, about 1 million babies suffer from birth asphyxia every year, and it is responsible for nearly 28.8% of the neonatal deaths and the subsequent major sequelae. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinico-etiological and electrophysiological profile of neonates with birth asphyxia and its correlation with the neurodevelopment outcome at 6 months of age. Methods: In this prospective observational follow-up study, 50 neonates of >35 weeks of gestation with a history of birth asphyxia were included. Electroencephalographic (EEG) was performed within the first 72 h of life or as soon as neonate was stable. Follow-up visits were scheduled as per NNF guidelines at 6, 10, and 14 weeks, 3 and 6 months of age. Detailed neurological examination, neurodevelopment and tone were assessed by Denver II and Amiel–Tison method, respectively, on every visit. Results: All neonates were on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) Stage I had normal EEG recording; 36.7% with HIE Stage II had abnormal EEG recording while 100% the neonates of HIE Stage III showed abnormal EEG. All neonates, who had normal EEG recording, survived, and 96.5% (n=28) of them show normal neurodevelopment outcome. 3.7% (n=1) showed developmental delay. All the neonates who had abnormal background on EEG showed adverse outcome. 50% of them expired and rest 50% had abnormal neurodevelopment outcome on follow-up. Conclusion: The severity of encephalopathy in asphyxiated neonates correlates well with the abnormalities on EEG records.
Comorbidities in children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Baskaran Vinnamangalam Mani , Naaraayan Sridevi A , Priyadharishini Dorairaj
Published: June 2020

Background: As per the National Family Health Survey-4 data, 7.9% of under-five children in the state of Tamil Nadu are severely wasted. The outcome of hospitalized severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children is dependent on the comorbidities present. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the comorbid conditions in SAM children hospitalized in a tertiary care center. Methodology: This study was a hospital-based descriptive study, conducted from July 2015 to June 2016. A total number of 200 children, who were admitted with SAM as per the World Health Organization criteria, were included in the study. Systemic illness, anemia, vitamin deficiencies, sepsis, retroviral infection, tuberculosis, pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection (UTI), measles, skin infections, and worm infestations were the comorbidities considered. Results: Among 200 hospitalized SAM children, the median (interquartile) age was 15 (11–21.75) months; there were 93 (46.5%) boys. Acute gastroenteritis (57.5%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by pneumonia (44.5%), anemia (27%), systemic illness (17%), worm infestation (13.5%), UTI (13.5%), sepsis (13%), skin infection (8%), measles (6%), vitamin deficiency (4%), retroviral infections (3.5%), and tuberculosis (1%). The case fatality rate was 10.5%. Conclusion: Prompt identification of comorbidities is crucial in hospitalized SAM children, which will pave way for their treatment, resulting in better outcomes.
Study of echocardiography in thalassemia (major/intermedia) patients at tertiary care center
Authors: B K Usha , S Stalin , T Ravi Chandran , S Gnanasambandam
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to study the cardiovascular complications and to establish the role of echocardiography (ECHO) screening in beta thalassemia major (TM) and intermedia patients, aged 2–12 years, receiving one or more transfusions per month for 2 or more years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at tertiary care center from June 2015 to November 2015. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and 2D ECHO were done before the blood transfusion. Results: Male preponderance was seen with a ratio of 1.7:1. 87% (n=47) had TM and remaining had thalassemia intermedia (TI). Serum ferritin in TM was >1000 ng/ml in 80.9% (n=38) of cases and <1000 ng/ml in 19% (n=9) of cases. Serum ferritin in TI was above 1000 ng/ml in 42.8% (n=3) and <1000 ng/ml in 57.14% (n=4) of cases. 64% (n=35) had cardiomegaly in X-ray. 2D Echo showed increased LV mass in 71.1% (n=27) of cases and normal LV mass in 28.9% (n=11) of cases. Pulmonary hypertension was seen in 21.2% (n=10) of cases of TM and 42% (n=3) of cases with TI. Conclusion: ECHO combined with electrocardiogram should be used for regular periodic monitoring of transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with failure of conservative therapy in pediatric empyema patients
Authors: Gautam Vipul , Kumar Ajay , Arora Balvinder Singh , Mina Shyam Sunder , Aggarwal Kailash Chandra
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective is to study the clinico-epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with failure of conservative therapy in pediatric empyema patients and to correlate the Light’s criteria in the same. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was performed in the pediatric department of a tertiary care hospital, New Delhi. A total of 74 children of ?12 years of age having either macroscopic frank pus in pleural tap or a positive Gram-stain or positive culture in pleural fluid were enrolled in the study. Those empyema patients who fail to improve with antibiotics and chest tube drainage after 7–14 days (4 weeks for Staphylococcus aureus and 6–12 weeks for anaerobic organisms, respectively) or develop some complications in the mean time were considered as a failure of therapy. Results: Head nodding, lethargy and inability to feed/drink, prior antibiotic therapy, duration of illness (>7 days) before presenting to the hospital, and growth on the cultures were the main factors associated with the failure of conservative therapy. S. aureus is the most common organism causing empyema. Considering Light’s criteria, significant results were obtained and almost all the enrolled empyema patients found to have exudative pleural fluid. In the study, failure of conservative therapy occurred in 27.03%, prolonged hospitalization was seen among 48.65 % children, 28.38% needed change in antibiotics, and 1.35% children expired. Conclusion: History of prior antibiotic therapy, long duration of illness, and clinical features at admission along with the microorganism involved affect the conservative therapy response and may predispose to complications. Light’s criteria were very well validated in the study for its use in pediatric population.
La efectividad de los derechos sociales en la salud pública
Authors: Neto Daniel Carlos , Dendasck Carla , Oliveira Euzébio de
Published: June 2020

Los derechos fundamentales han sido motivo de diversos debates en los últimos años, causando académicos para dedicarse a investigar tanto con el aspecto de salud, a través de la ley, la eficacia real de las directrices de las organizaciones. Este artículo pretende hacer una breve reflexión acerca de la efectividad real de los derechos sociales en la salud pública brasileña, utilizando como base, un análisis exploratorio de la elucidações por varios estudiosos que permean para corroborar esto. Traer una breve discusión del mínimo existencial.
Konsep Diri Remaja Yang Mengalami Bullying
Authors: Lestari Puji , Liyanovitasari Liyanovitasari
Published: June 2020

Konsep diri terdiri dari semua nilai-nilai, keyakinan dan ide-ide yang berkontribusi terhadap pengetahuan diri dan mempengaruhi hubungan seseorang dengan orang lain. Bullying dapat menjadikan konsep diri remaja terganggu. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui  konsep diri remaja yang mengalami bullying. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survey deskriptif. Sampel 88 remaja yang  pernah mengalami bullying. Alat ukur konsep diri dengan Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan remaja yang memiliki konsep diri yang positif sebanyak 45 responden (51,1%), sedangkan remaja yang memiliki konsep diri negatif sebanyak 43 (48,9%). Diharapkan adanya upaya dari masyarakat dan institusi pendidikan untuk mengatasi perilaku bullying yang dapat berdampak pada konsep diri remaja
Pengaruh Foot Massage Therapy terhadap Skala Nyeri Ibu Post Op Sectio Cesaria di Ruang Nifas RSUD Kota Mataram
Authors: Masadah Masadah , Cembun Cembun , Suleman Ridawati
Published: June 2020

Pasien yang menjalani persalinan dengan metode Sectio Cesarea biasanya merasakan ketidaknyamanan yaitu nyeri yang berasal dari insisi abdominal. salah satu teknik mengurangi nyeri secara non farmakologi adalah Foot massage therapy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efek Foot massage therapy terhadap nyeri pasien post op sectio cesarea. Desain penelitian ini adalah Pre Eksperimental dengan rancangan Pretest-Posttest. Sampel adalah 42 ibu post section secarea di RSUD Kota Mataram yang dipilih dengan teknik Purposive sampling. Data tentang nyeri dikumpulkan dengan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa skala rata-rata nyeri sebelum intervensi yaitu 6,55 sedangkan skala nyeri sesudah intervensi 4,86. Uji wilcoxon menunjukan hasil r = 0,00 < α = 0,05. Persentase responden dengan nyeri berat setelah intervensi menjadi 0%. Persentase responden dengan nyeri sedang juga menurun dari 84% pre intervensi menjadi 54% post intervensi. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan foot massage therapy terhadap perubahan nyeri pasien post op Sectio Cesarea. Perawat dapat mengaplikasikan foot massage therapy pada pasien post operasi Sectio Cesarea sebagai intervensi untuk mengurangi nyeri.
Penerapan Konsep Desain Minimalis pada Perumahan Kelas Menengah di Kota Bandung
Authors: Sujana Rd. Octavia Maryanche
Published: June 2020

Istilah ‘minimalis’ saat ini seringkali dibicarakan dan banyak mempengaruhi sebagaian besar pola pikir masyarakat tentang desain minimalis. Salah satunya adalah desain fasade (bagian muka depan) rumah tinggal minimalis. Fenomena ini ditemukan pada rumah yang dibangun oleh pihak pengembang (developer) perumahan dengan menawarkan konsep desain rumah minimalis sebagai daya tarik jual kepada masyarakat. Permasalahannya adalah pemahaman dan pendekatan yang salah tentang konsep minimalis tersebut sehingga muncul ke khawatiran penerapan yang tidak benar pada objek rumah tersebut. Sehingga timbul pertanyaan umum tentang penerapan tema tersebut apakah sudah diimplementasikan dengan benar atau hanya sekedar “gimmick” semata. Sehingga permasalahan pada penelitian ini difokuskan pada bagaimana penerapan tema desain minimalis pada perumahan kelas menengah yang dibangun oleh pihak developer, khususnya di Kota Bandung. Fenomena ini perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penerapan prinsip minimalisme pada objek studi. Objek studi yang diteliti yaitu membandingkan 2 (dua) perumahan yang menggunakan tema minimalisme dan menampilkannya pada media promosi perumahan seperti spanduk, brosur, atau iklan pada koran. Perumahan dibangun oleh developer, dengan kelas menengah tipe ± 70 (1 lantai) dan tipe ±125 (2 lantai). Keduanya berada di wilayah kota Bandung Timur, dan sudah dihuni beberapa tahun. Penelitian ini berupaya menelusuri dengan pengamatan langsung bagaimana penerapan konsep minimalis tersebut baik dalam desain eksterior (tampak) maupun interior (denah/layout) pada objek studi. Ditelusuri juga bagaimana hubungan konsep minimalisme tersebut dengan konteks iklim setempat (iklim tropis). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang berpijak pada analisis interpretative yang berlandas pada teoritik minimalis. Hasil analisa bedah anatomi bangunan secara rinci dan dengan cara mencocokkan hasil pengamatan langsung pada studi dengan literatur yang berkaitan, terlihat pada bangunan rumah objek studi tidak secara penuh dan konsisten menerapkan atau mengadopsi prinsip arsitektur minimalis. Penerapan yang paling jelas terlihat adalah detail teknis yang sekedarnya. Relasi antara konsep dengan konteks iklim, tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan iklim tropis.
Penilaian Kondisi Eksisting Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi Pada Perangkat Daerah Menggunakan Cobit 5
Authors: Nuraeni Aisyah
Published: June 2020

Penilaian Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi adalah mengukur kondisi nyata penatakelolaan teknologi informasi pada sebuah organisasi. Pengukuran ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan dalam melakukan perbaikan kondisi tata kelola TI sehingga investasi TI yang dikeluarkan selaras dengan manfaat yang diperoleh dalam pemenuhan tujuan organisasi. Pada Penelitian ini organisasi yang dimaksud adalah perangkat daerah pemerintah kota. Pemerintah Kota memiliki kompleksitas masalah dalam mencapai tujuannya, sehingga target penilaian di breakdown kepada perangkat daerah selaku tombak operasional Kota. Penilaian Tata kelola TI ini menggunakan COBIT 5 yaitu PAM dengan prioritas proses yang terpilih adalah berkenaan dengan pengelolaan anggaran, sumber daya manusia, pendefinisian kebutuhan, aset, operasi, dan evaluasi. Rata-rata hasil penilaian berada pada level 1.
STIFFNESS DINDING BATU BATA MENINGKATKAN KEKUATAN STRUKTUR
Authors: Marwahyudi Marwahyudi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK

Stiffness atau kekakuan didefinisikan besar gaya yang menggerakan benda sejauh simpangan tertentu. Pada struktur gedung milai kuat tekan, simpangan sangat mempengaruhi kekuatan gedung. Nilai kuat tekan beton bisa dihitung dilaboraturim dan untuk nilai simpangan dapat dihitung dengan aplikasi software. Pada perencana gedung dalam merencana gedung kebanyakan tidak mempertimbangkan nilai kekuatan yang disumbangkan oleh dinding batu bata. Berdasarkan observasi dilapangan terkait gedung yang terpapar gempa, banyak sekali dinding mengalami kerusakan. Kondisi ini mengambarkan bahwa dinding mendapatkan gaya sehingga mengalami kerusakan. Kerusakan  yang ada dapat terlihat maupun belum terlihat oleh penglihatan. Beberapa kerusakan dilapangan menarik untuk dianalisis terkait kerusakannya. Analisis tersebut mengunakan metode matematika matrik. Metode ini untuk mengetahui seberapa kemampuan menahan gaya lateral. Kemampuan dinding menahan gaya lateral sangat diperlukan dalam kekuatan struktur. Sehingga kemampuan dinding menahangaya lateral akan mempengaruhi kekuatan struktur. Kemampuan dinding batu bata menahan gaya lateral dinyatakan sebagai nilai  stiffness.       

Kata kunci: Kekuatan struktur, gaya lateral Stiffness
ANALISIS TARIKAN PERGERAKAN TERMINAL PETI KEMAS KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Akbardin Juang , Atnasari Vanesa Desti
Published: June 2020

Kegiatan ekspor impor barang di Kota Bandung terus meningkat yang menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan fasilitas penunjang yang dapat mempermudah kegiatan ekspor impor. Menurut RDTRK Wilayah Pengembangan Gedebage, kegiatan pelayanan primer bidang transportasi salah satunya melalui Terminal Peti Kemas Bandung. Barang-barang dari produsen diangkut meuju Terminal peti kemas dengan menggunakan moda transportasi darat. Simpang Gedebage merupakan simpang terdekat dengan terminal peti kemas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tarikan pergerakan Terminal Peti Kemas Kota Bandung ditinjau dari Simpang Gedebage Kota Bandung. Data yang dibutuhkan yaitu data kependudukan, ekonomi, dan lingkungan di sekitar Simpang Gedebage yang diperoleh dari instansi terkait. Data tersebut kemudian dimodelkan dengan metode regresi linier berganda. Volume lalulintas diperoleh dengan cara survei lalulintas pada setiap pendekat simpang. Permodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Perhitungan diproyeksikan dalam 5 tahun dan 10 tahun kedepan. Hasil penelitian yaitu, estimasi tarikan pergerakan pada tahun 2018 adalah 323 kendaraan/jam, pada tahun 2023 adalah 401 kendaraan/jam, dan pada tahun 2028 adalah 478 kendaraan/jam.
KEEFEKTFAN MEDIA MOONSTAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMA 2 KELAS IV
Authors: Suparjo Ita Yuliana , Supandi Supandi , Purnamasari Iin
Published: June 2020

The aimed of the research was determined the effectiveness of Moonstar's media on learning themes always to save energy in grade IV of Elementary School in completing and improving learning outcomes. This type of research was quantitative research in the form of research Pre Experimental Design in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The study population was fourth-grade students at SDN Tambakrejo 02 academic year 2018/2019. The study sample was 36 fourth grade students using non-probability sampling techniques. The research data was obtained through tests (pretest-posttest), observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of the pretest scores were obtained an average value of 52 and the average posttest score was 77. The increase in the value of the pretest and posttest was calculated using a gain test which was 0.5 including the medium category. Based on the t-test analysis it is known that t count is more than t table (36.255> 0.681) then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Affective value of learning 1 obtained an average of 79.7 , while meeting 2 increased to 84.6. It can be concluded that the Moonstar media was effectived in the theme of Always Save Energy learning in Grade IV of Elementary School
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS IV SDN GAYAMSARI 02 DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Arianto Ahmad Subqi , Sulianto Joko , Azizah Mira
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this study are: (1) Describe the implementation of mathematics learning at Gayamsari 02 Semarang Elementary School (2) Describe the classification of mathematical reasoning abilities of fourth grade students at Gayamsari Elementary School 02 Even Semester 2018/2019. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. Research location at Gayamsari 02 Elementary School Semarang. Data collection is done through observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation as well as for collecting data on mathematical reasoning abilities of students using test questions. The validity of the data is done by means of triangulation techniques. Based on the data analysis that has been done, mathematics learning is included in the good category with an average score above 3, mathematical reasoning classification data obtained the highest results of 56.41% and the lowest results of 10.25%, it can be concluded that the implementation of mathematics learning at SDN Gayamsari 02 Semarang shows good results, but for the results of tests on mathematical reasoning questions related to students' ability to reason with material in many aspects and flat build is still lacking
PERSEPSI KEGIATAN EKSTRAKULIKULER KESENIAN TERHADAP MINAT DAN KREATIVITAS SISWA SD AL-HUDA SEMARANG
Authors: Fauzziyah Nailul , Damayani Aries Tika , Rofian Rofian
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to determine the perceptual categories of art extracurricular activities in dance and painting on the interest and creativity of Al-Huda Elementary School students in Semarang. The method of this research was quantitative research with a type of descriptive approach. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire. The population in this study amounted to 65 students (35 dance students and 30 painting students). The test on the validity used a product moment correlation formula, the test on reliability used an alpha formula and the test on normality used lilifors formula. The results showed that perceptions of dancing extracurricular activities towards the interests was classified to the adequate category (51%), good (20%), less (29%). For the dancing extracurricular activities of dance towards the creativity of students, was classified to the good category (43%), sufficient (40%), less (17%). Whereas for painting extracurricular activities on students’ interest was classified to good (63%), sufficient (27%), less (10%). For painting extracurricular activities painting on the creativity of students was classified to the enough category (47%), good (30%), and less (23%).
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK “FUN THINKERS BOOK” TEMA BERBAGAI PEKERJAAN
Authors: Riani Rindiana Putri , Huda Khoirul , Fajriyah Khusnul
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the product of developing thematic learning media Fun Thinkers Book on the theme of various fourth grade elementary school jobs. This research used research and development methods used to produce products and test the feasibility of media Fun Thinkers Book. This study used the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The problem was the lack of thematic learning media, when learning only used student books and LKS only so students are less interested, feel bored and make concentration The students only lasted a little while.The data were obtained through questionnaires, observations, and interviews.This study was conducted at the fourth grade in 3 elementary schools in the District of Pucakwangi, Pati, this study produced valid media with appropriate criteria in accordance with the results of the teacher response questionaire the percentage is 97.5% with very decent criteria and the results of the student questionaire responded 98.6% with very feasible criteria.
PENGARUH NHT BERBANTU MEDIA ULAR TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR
Authors: Ulfa Nur Maria , Damayani Aries Tika , Rofian Rofian
Published: June 2020

This researched to determine and analyze the effect of the snake ladder media Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model to increase the learning interest of Grade II students at SDN Menur Mranggen Demak. This type of research was quantitative in the form of Pre-Experimental Design with the type of One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data obtained through observation, documentation, tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The background of this study is due to the lack of use of models and instructional media which results in less interesting learning and was an impact on students' interest in learning and student learning outcomes on Indonesian subjects. The results of the analysis of student learning interest questionnaire data showed that the average pretest was 57.88. After being treated with this learning model, the posttest mean increased to 71.70. While the analysis of student learning outcomes data obtained an average pretest value of 62.59 and the average posttest value of 79.62. The conclusion was that there is a significant influence on the snake ladder's Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model to increase the interest in learning in class II SDN Menur Mranggen Demak.
Global Pandemic Conditions and List of Possible Medications and Vaccines for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Mukim Mohammad , Kabra Atul , Devi Siwani , Chaturvedi Mohit , Patel Rakesh
Published: June 2020

At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified which caused severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with a disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus first originated in the city of Wuhan in China, causing symptoms such as pneumonic plague, which began in the Wuhan and then spread throughout the world with high transmission efficiency. Special precautions and care are needed such as leaving the public area, covering your mouth with a mask, not shaking hands, washing hands, and sanitation from time to time. Infection due to SARS-CoV-2 shows several symptoms, one of which is very often the patient shows difficulty breathing. Currently, COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic and has almost attacked all countries in the world, including in India which has one of the largest human populations in the entire world. One of the challenges in handling COVID-19 is the unavailability of drugs or special vaccines to treat the disease, so clinical practitioners and academics are currently testing various drugs to see how they affect the COVID-19 patients. Some of the drugs tested provide effective mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2, such as chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, and vaccines under development. These drugs are still being tested and are now at the forefront to combat the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review article will discuss all kinds of ins and outs of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including the transmission method, how to prevent it, as well as various drugs and vaccines currently used in handling COVID-19.
Review on COVID-19: Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Outbreak
Authors: Bala Vidhan Chand , Kumar Punet
Published: June 2020

Initially recognized of COVID-19 within the world in 2019, the World Health Organization situational report from May 22nd, 2020, globally, there is a complete of 5,204,508 confirmed cases, with 212 countries being affected by the novel coronavirus. 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is that the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses is enveloped viruses with a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome. The SARS-CoV-2 may be a �-CoV of group 2B there is 70% comparability in genetic sequence to SARS-CoV. The source of the new coronavirus infection has been resolved as bats. With whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 is 96% comparatively at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Mechanisms of transmission are concluded to incorporate contact, droplet, and possibly airborne under certain circumstances supported ancient experiences associated with SARS-CoV outbreaks. Although antiretroviral therapy is being widely used everywhere the globe for such patents, effects at finding a SARS-CoV vaccine haven�t succeeded so far.