bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key topics in social science research on COVID‐19: An automated literature analysis
Authors: Cheng Xian , Zhao Ying , Liao Stephen Shaoyi
Published: October 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has triggered a significant increase in academic research in the realm of social sciences. As such, there is an increasing need for the scientific community to adopt effective and efficient methods to examine the potential role and contribution of social sciences in the fight against COVID‐19.

Objectives

This study aims to identify the key topics and explore publishing trends in social science research pertaining to COVID‐19 via automated literature analysis.

Methods

The automated literature analysis employed utilizes keyword analysis and topic modelling technique, specifically Latent Dirichlet Allocation, to highlight the most relevant research terms, overarching research themes and research trends within the realm of social science research on COVID‐19.

Results

The focus of research and topics were derived from 9733 full‐text academic papers. The bulk of social science research on COVID‐19 centres on the following themes: ‘Clinical Treatment’, ‘Epidemic Crisis’, ‘Mental Influence’, ‘Impact on Students’, ‘Lockdown Influence’ and ‘Impact on Children’.

Conclusion

This study adds to our understanding of key topics in social science research on COVID‐19. The automated literature analysis presented is particularly useful for librarians and information specialists keen to explore the role and contributions of social science topics in the context of pandemics.
A new hematological parameter model for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis in emergency department: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Zheng Xiaohe , Zhao Yating , Wang Dong , Pan Shiyao , Yushuaima  , Huang Zena , Ye Manman , Zhang Shihong
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Sepsis, a syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by an unregulated host response to infection. This study aimed to develop a novel sepsis diagnostic model of hematological parameters and evaluate its effectiveness in the early identification and prognosis of sepsis in emergency departments.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted in Emergency Department. Cell population data parameters related to monocytes and neutrophils were obtained using the Mindary BC‐6800 plus hematology analyzer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the performance of the parameters and establish a diagnostic and prognostic model of sepsis, which was then verified with a validation cohort.

Results

Mon_XW exhibited the best diagnostic performance (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.848, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.810–0.885, p < 0.001), followed by Neu_Y and Neu_YW (AUC = 0.777 95% CI: 0.730–0.824, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified Mon_XW and Neu_Y as independent predictors, which were used to establish a diagnostic model named hematological parameter for sepsis (HPS). HPS demonstrated the best diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.862 (95% CI: 0.826–0.898, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 70.0%, and specificity of 87.1%, compared to C‐reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). The validation cohort also found that the positive predictive value of HPS was 70.4% and the negative predictive value was 92.2%.

Conclusion

The developed HPS model showed promising diagnostic efficacy for sepsis in the emergency department, which outperformed CRP and PCT in terms of sensitivity and specificity. By enabling early identification and prognosis of sepsis, that contributes to reducing sepsis‐related mortality.
One‐step amplification refractory mutation system‐PCR/high‐resolution melting curve assay for carrier detection of red blood cell membranopathy caused by common SPTB mutations
Authors: Khongphithakskul Punnavit , Tangbubpha Noppawan , Khlangtan Tanyanee , Kadegasem Praguywan , Songdej Duantida , Sirachainan Nongnuch
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is the most common cause of non‐thalassemic severe inherited hemolytic anemia in Thai population. Up to 90% of affected patients harbor biallelic mutations of SPTB Providence (SPTB c.6055T>C), SPTB Buffalo (SPTB c.6074T>G), and SPTB Chiang Mai (SPTB c.6224A>G). This study aimed to develop a simple assay for mass screening of the three common SPTB mutations and to study their carrier frequencies in a healthy Thai population.

Methods

We combined multiplex amplification refractory mutation system‐PCR (ARMS‐PCR) and high‐resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis to create a one‐step single‐tube assay. The primers were designed to generate products with different melting temperatures in the presence of 6055C, 6074G, and 6224G. Internal control primers were added for quality control. Residual samples from blood donors and healthy adolescents were collected and tested for the three common SPTB mutations using the newly developed assay.

Results

Optimized multiplex ARMS‐PCR/HRM curve assay yielded well‐separated melt curves to detect the three SPTB mutations with 4‐h turnaround time. The assay was validated in screening of 2261 non‐repetitive blood donors and 89 adolescents, in which 10 (0.43%), 2 (0.09%), and 3 (0.13%) individuals were identified as carriers of SPTB Providence, SPTB Buffalo, and SPTB Chiang Mai, respectively. All mutated SPTB and 20 random wild‐type samples were confirmed using Sanger sequencing with 100% accuracy.

Conclusion

The novel ARMS‐PCR/HRM curve assay is simple, accurate, and time‐effective for mass screening of the common SPTB mutations. This can be employed to prevent HPP birth in a Thai population.
Agentic interplay between hybridity and liminality in contemporary boundary work
Authors: Chamakiotis Petros , Symon Gillian , Whiting Rebecca
Published: October 2023

There is no doubt that digital technologies have an impact on boundary work, that is, the practices individuals develop to work up boundaries between ‘work’ and ‘life’. However, related research is still dominated by the integration–segmentation framework which may restrict our understanding of contemporary practice. To address this limitation, we use the concepts of hybridity (fusion) and liminality (in‐betweenness) in combination to explore how their interplay may promote more nuanced accounts of how individuals work up their boundaries in contemporary everyday life. Our analysis of video diaries and follow‐up interviews undertaken by 30 UK‐based workers reveals an ‘agentic interplay’ of hybridity and liminality that is understood as an ongoing dynamic practice, sometimes enabling and sometimes undermining desired boundary work outcomes. We make three contributions, collectively offering a critical advancement in the work–life debate and the hybridity and liminality literatures: (a) further developing an understanding of boundary work as situated, creative and dynamic; (b) unpacking the agentic potential of the ‘black box’ of the hybridity–liminality interplay; and (c) expanding current understandings and applications of the concepts of hybridity and liminality.
Laparoscopic vs. open surgery: A comparative analysis of wound infection rates and recovery outcomes
Authors: Shi Zhen
Published: October 2023

As medical technology continues to evolve, it becomes crucial to distinguish the outcomes of traditional versus modern surgical techniques. This was a retrospective cohort study, conducted to compare the wound infection rates and recovery outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgery (OS) in 180 patients. Participants were divided into laparoscopic (n = 105) and OS (n = 75) groups. Comprehensive data, including demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes, were extracted. Wound infection rates, as measured by Wound Asepsis Score, were prioritized alongside recovery indicators such as duration of hospital stay and postoperative pain. The laparoscopic group had a mean operative time of 57.19 minutes, while the OS group required 85.10 ± 15.18 minutes (p < 0.05). Laparoscopic surgeries resulted in an average blood loss of 120.76 ± 13.3 mL compared to 170.01 ± 17.19 mL for OS (p < 0.05). The laparoscopic group had significantly reduced (p < 0.05) average hospital stays (2.1 ± 1.1 days) than the OS group (4.4 ± 2.1 days). Although the laparoscopic group had lower incidence of surgical site infection (4.76%) than the OS group (9.33%), this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). On postoperative days 1, 3, and 7, the Visual Analog Scale assessment of pain in the laparoscopic group revealed significantly reduced pain (p < 0.05). Laparoscopic surgery appeared to offer distinct advantages over conventional open surgery, especially in terms of operative durations, recovery rates, and postoperative pain management. This study highlighted the potential of laparoscopic approaches for specific surgical interventions, as well as the importance of patient‐specific surgical strategy decision‐making.
Effects of burnout and work engagement in the relationship between self‐efficacy and safety behaviours—A chained mediation modelling analysis
Authors: Liu Man , Liu Lu , Lv Zhuoheng , Ma Fengyan , Mao Yousheng , Liu Yan
Published: October 2023

Aims

To explore the current situation, influencing factors and pathways of safety behaviour of nurses in tumour specialized hospitals, in order to provide a theoretical basis for managers to manage and train nurses, improve their safety behaviour level and ensure medical safety.

Design

An anonymous cross‐sectional survey.

Method

A total of 2147 nurses from Grade A cancer hospitals in 15 provinces of China were selected by a convenient sampling method. Questionnaires were collected through the Questionnaire Star platform. Nurses' safety behaviour was measured using the nurse Safety Behaviour Scale, Self‐efficacy by the General Self‐efficacy Scale, and nurses' occupational burnout was measured by the occupational Burnout Scale, and work engagement through the the Work Engagement Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relationship among nurses' safety behaviour, general self‐efficacy, occupational burnout and work engagement. SPSS25.0 software was used to test the relationship among the safety behaviour of nurses, general self‐efficacy, occupational burnout and work engagement.

Results

The total score of safety behaviour of nurses was 55.45 ± 6.879, the total score of general self‐efficacy was 31.39 ± 5.729, the total score of occupational burnout was 44.99 ± 26.587, and the total score of work engagement was 38.48 ± 13.433; the scores of the Nurse Safety Behaviour Scale, Self‐Efficacy Scale, and Work Engagement Scale were positively correlated (all p < .001); the occupational burnout scale was negatively correlated with the scores of self‐efficacy scale, work engagement scale and nurse safety behaviour scale (all p < .001); Structural equation model analysis shows that self‐efficacy and work engagement have a direct positive impact on nurse safety behaviour(β = .103, β = .096, all p < .001); Occupational burnout has a direct negative impact on self‐efficacy, work engagement and nurse safety behaviour(β = −.371, β = −.413, β = −.328 all p < .001). Bootstrap analysis showed that occupational burnout and job involvement had a significant chain mediating effect between self‐efficacy and the safety behaviour of nurses (95% CI: 0.148–0.21). The total effect of self‐efficacy on the safety behaviour of nurses was 0.283 (p < .001, 95% CI: 0.225–0.301), the direct effect was 0.096 (p < .001, 95% CI: 0.042–0.15), and the indirect effect was 0.179 (p < .001, 95% CI: 0.085–0.215), The mediating effect accounted for 63.3% of the total effect size.

Conclusion

Occupational burnout and work engagement play a partial mediating role between self‐efficacy and nurse safety behaviour. It is necessary to strengthen training on nurse safety culture awareness, improve the nurse self‐efficacy and work engagement, reduce nurse occupational burnout, and thereby improve the level of nurses' safety behaviour.
Comorbidity Between Reading Disability and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Community Sample: Implications for Academic, Social, and Neuropsychological Functioning
Authors: Willcutt Erik G. , Petrill Stephen A.
Published: October 2023

To better understand the implications of comorbidity between reading disability (RD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a sample of 225 participants with RD but without ADHD, 139 participants with both RD and ADHD, and 1,502 children without reading or attentional difficulties was recruited through five large public school districts. In comparison to the group without RD or ADHD, both groups with RD exhibited elevations of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders and significant global, academic, and social impairment. However, the group with both RD and ADHD was most impaired on most measures, and analyses of neuropsychological measures indicate that the co‐occurrence of RD and ADHD may be due at least in part to weaknesses in cognitive processing speed and working memory that are most severe in the comorbid group. These results indicate that psychoeducational assessments of RD should always screen for ADHD and other emotional and behavioral difficulties, and that when RD and ADHD co‐occur interventions are likely to be needed for both disorders.
Changes in dietary carbohydrate and lipid quality indices between 2008 and 2018: Analysis of the Brazilian dietary surveys
Authors: Cardoso Luciana Guerra , Monteiro Luana Silva , Sichieri Rosely , Yokoo Edna Massae , Pereira Rosângela Alves
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate characteristics and changes over a decade in dietary carbohydrate and lipid quality according to socio‐demographic variables. Data was obtained from two Brazilian National Dietary Surveys 2008–2009 (n = 34 003) and 2017–2018 (n = 46 164) examining a nationwide representative sample of individuals ≥10 years old. Food intake was assessed by means of two non‐consecutive diet records (2008–2009) and 24 h diet recalls (2017–2018). Carbohydrate Quality Index is a score ranging from 4 to 20 calculated from fibre intake, global dietary glycaemic index, solid/total carbohydrate (CHO) and whole grains/total grains CHO. Lipid Quality Index was estimated by dividing the sum of the dietary content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids by the sum of saturated and trans fatty acids. Indices were categorised into five categories (1 for lowest and 5 for highest quality). Socio‐demographic variables were sex, age, income, urban/rural area and place of food consumption. The estimates (95% CI) were generated separately for each survey and then compared to identify changes in time. Our main findings refer to changes in diet quality according to income. At the lowest income level, the proportions of individuals in the best carbohydrate and lipid quality categories reduced from 26.9% to 20.6% and from 30.0% to 24.9%, respectively. Alternatively, at the highest income level, these proportions increased from 22.9% to 26.6% and from 11.9% to 15.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the quality of lipids improved in women and among individuals reporting some away‐from‐home food consumption, while the quality of carbohydrates was reduced among adolescents and in rural areas.
The role of intensive care nurses in cellular treatments during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Caliskan Figen , Ozdemir Irem Nur , Zeydan Ayten , Kandemir Canan , Yilmaz Rabia , Karaoz Erdal , Adas Gokhan Tolga
Published: October 2023

Background

Today, the use of cellular therapies as an effective treatment in the field of health is increasing. In the COVID‐19 pandemic or similar situations, cellular therapies may be sometimes life‐saving. The COVID‐19 pandemic has shown us that the training of intensive care nurses in special cases, such as cellular therapies, is insufficient.

Aim

The study aimed to determine the duties, responsibilities and training of intensive care nurses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation to critically ill patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Study Design

This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on 107 critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection and followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) between April 2020 and April 2022. Each patient was transplanted MSCs by intravenous infusion three times. Before starting cellular therapy applications, intensive care nurses were selected to work on this treatment modality. Each nurse was given theoretical and practical training by experienced instructors.

Results

Intensive care nurses trained for MSCs transplants took part in the pre‐application, preparation, application and post‐application period. MSCs were checked by the ICU nurses in the pre‐application period. Patients' vital signs, existing catheters, consciousness status and parameters were checked by nurses in the preparation and application period. No side effects and complications were observed in patients during MSCs transplantation and within the first 24 h. Patients' late complications and mortality were recorded by nurses during the post‐application periods.

Conclusions

We recommend that nurses working especially in Level 3 ICUs receive training and certification in cellular therapies, especially in hospitals where advanced/cellular treatments are applied.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Intensive care nurses are actively involved in every phase of the application of MSCs. Especially before such special practices, which came to the fore with the COVID‐19 pandemic, training should be organized for intensive care nurses.
Embryonic inhibition of colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor induces enlarged cartilaginous zone of the midpalatal suture in postnatal mice
Authors: Yongzhen Lai , yan Guo , Jing Liu , Chenyan Ren , Chuanqing Mao , Yun Shi , Weihui Chen
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The midpalatal suture acts as the growth centre of the maxilla. Colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is essential for osteoclastogenesis. Deletion of CSF1R, and its ligand, results in significant craniofacial phenotypes but has not been studied in detail in the midpalatal suture.

Materials and Methods

Pregnant ICR mice were treated with the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 at embryo Day 14.5 (E14.5) to E17.5. Pups at E18.5, postnatal Day 3 (P3) and P7 were collected for skeletal and histological staining. Osteoclasts were labelled using TRAP staining. PHH3 and TUNEL were employed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Sox9, Ihh, and Col10a1 and Runx2, Col1a1, and DMP1 were used to detect chondrogenic differentiation and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. CD31, MMP9 and CTSK were utilized to assess vascular invasion and osteoclast secretion enzymes, respectively.

Results

Embryonic inhibition of CSF1R resulted in a depletion of TRAP‐positive cells and an enlarged cartilage zone of the midpalatal suture of postnatal mice. Compared to those in the control group, Sox9, Ihh, Col10a1, Runx2 and Col1a1 were upregulated, whereas TUNEL and DMP1 were decreased in this zone. In the trabecular region, Col10a1 was upregulated, while TUNEL, Col1a1 and DMP1 were downregulated. Moreover, the expression of MMP9, CTSK and CD31 was decreased, and invasion into the cartilage zone was delayed.

Conclusions

Embryonic inhibition of CSF1R led to an abnormally enlarged cartilaginous zone in the midpalatal suture, potentially due to delayed endochondral ossification caused by the depletion of osteoclasts. Additionally, we established a novel model of midpalatal suture dysplasia, offering prospects for future research.
Conditioned pain modulation and psychological factors in young adults with recurrent or chronic neck pain
Authors: Arribas‐Romano Alberto , Fernández‐Carnero Josué , González‐Zamorano Yeray , Rodríguez‐Lagos Leonardo , Gurdiel‐Álvarez Francisco , Molina‐Álvarez Miguel , Morales Tejera David , Mercado Francisco
Published: October 2023

Background

Controversy exists with the presence of alterations in descending pain inhibition mechanisms in patients with non‐specific neck pain (NSNP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of conditioned pain modulation CPM, remote pressure pain thresholds (PPT), and psychological factors in a specific subgroup of patients with NSNP such as young adult students. In addition, possible associations between CPM, psychological factors, and pain characteristics were analyzed.

Methods

Thirty students with recurrent or chronic NSNP and 30 pain‐free students were included in this cross‐sectional study. The following measures were assessed: CPM, remote PPT, psychological factors (depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia), pain characteristics (duration, intensity, severity of chronic pain, interference with daily life), and central sensitization inventory (CSI).

Results

No significant differences were found in the efficacy of CPM between students with chronic or recurrent NSNP and pain‐free students (β coefficient = −0.67; 95% CI = −1.54, 0.20). However, students with pain showed a significantly higher remote PPT (mean difference = −1.94; 95% CI = −2.71, −1.18). and a greater presence of anxious (mean difference = 6; 95% CI = 2, 9) and depressive symptoms (mean difference = 8.57; 95% CI = 3.97, 13.16). In addition, significant moderate or strong correlations were found between CPM and pain intensity (partial r = 0.41), pain catastrophizing and mean pain intensity (r = 0.37), grade (r = 0.50), and interference of pain (r = 0.57), kinesiophobia and disability (r = 0.38), and depression and CSI (r = 0.39).

Conclusions

Young adult students with chronic or recurrent NSNP present remote hyperalgesia and symptoms of depression and anxiety but not dysfunctional CPM.
Prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin American pregnant women in Madrid, Spain: A multicentre cross‐sectional study from 2011 to 2016
Authors: Herrero‐Martínez Juan María , Trigo Elena , Navarro Miriam , García‐Alcázar Diana , Carrillo Irene , Fernández‐López Tania , Calderón‐Moreno María , Millán‐Pérez Rosario , Cuadros Juan , Velasco María , García‐Bujalance Silvia , Lizasoain Manuel , Martín‐Rabadán Pablo , Pérez‐Ayala Ana , Flores‐Chávez María ,   the Working Group on Chagas Disease of Madrid
Published: October 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence among pregnant migrants living in Madrid according to the country of origin and to assess screening coverage in this at‐risk population.

Methods

Retrospective multicentre cross‐sectional study conducted from January 2011 to December 2016 in eight Madrid hospitals. Each hospital reviewed their microbiology data records to assess the screening coverage and serological diagnosis in all pregnant women coming from endemic areas.

Results

From 2011 to 2016, 149,470 deliveries were attended at the eight hospitals, and 11,048 pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease. Most cases (93.5%) were in women from Bolivia, who also showed the highest prevalence (12.4%, 95% confidence interval: 9.9–15.0). Pooled prevalence amongst the screened women was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8–4.1). Chagas disease screening coverage varied greatly between centres, with a pooled mean coverage of 47% (95% CI: 37%–57%; 73% [95% CI: 63%–82%] for those centres with universal screening vs. 10% [95% CI: 6%–15%] for those with a selective screening approach; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study provides useful data for policy makers and epidemiologists in a non‐endemic area without congenital Chagas screening programmes.
Permeation of oxygen and water into a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride film as function of deposition pressure
Authors: Shiochi Masayuki , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Mo Hin Wai , Inoue Keiko , Tanahashi Yusaku , Hosomi Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Takashi , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Adachi Chihaya
Published: October 2023

In this work, we demonstrate that the permeability of a SiNx thin film (prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) to water and oxygen is closely related to the deposition pressure. By dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry, we confirmed that water penetration occurs into the SiNx film only in the oxidized layer. Furthermore, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicated that a SiNx film with a lower deposition pressure provides a smaller pore (free volume hole) radius, which is more effective in terms of blocking ambient molecular diffusion or penetration. The SiNx films were also applied as an encapsulation layer for organic light-emitting diodes; SiNx films with a lower deposition pressure exhibited higher encapsulation properties.
Integrin-dependent recruitment of Src to ROS-producing endosomes in osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: Goldring Mary B.
Published: October 2023

Fibronectin (FN) fragments stimulate catabolic signaling, and, by binding to integrins, they induce chondrocytes to increase the production of matrix metalloproteinases, including MMP-13. In this issue of
Science Signaling
, Miao
et al.
reveal that internalization of a FN fragment, but not intact FN, by α5β1 integrin results in the formation of ROS-producing endosomes (redoxosomes) through which chondrocytes detect and respond to damaged matrix by producing more MMP-13.
Near-complete genome sequence of
Lipomyces tetrasporous
NRRL Y-64009, an oleaginous yeast capable of growing on lignocellulosic hydrolysates
Authors: Jagtap Sujit Sadashiv , Liu Jing-Jing , Walukiewicz Hanna E. , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Lipzen Anna , Ahrendt Steven , Koriabine Maxim , Cobaugh Kelly , Salamov Asaf , Yoshinaga Yuko , Ng Vivian , Daum Chris , Grigoriev Igor V. , Slininger Patricia J. , Dien Bruce S. , Jin Yong-Su , Rao Christopher V.
Published: October 2023

Lipomyces tetrasporous
is an oleaginous yeast that can utilize a variety of plant-based sugars. It accumulates lipids during growth on lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates. We present the annotated genome sequence of
L. tetrasporous
NRRL Y-64009 to aid in its development as a platform organism for producing lipids and lipid-based bioproducts.
Fruits are vehicles of drug-resistant pathogenic
Candida tropicalis
Authors: Chen Yin-Zhi , Tseng Kuo-Yun , Wang Si-Chong , Huang Ciao-Lin , Lin Chih-Chao , Zhou Zi-Li , Tsai De-Jiun , Lin Chiao-Mei , Chen Yu-Lian , Chen Kai-Ting , Liao Yu-Chieh , Chen Feng-Jui , Sytwu Huey-Kang , Lan Chung-Yu , Lo Hsiu-Jung
Published: October 2023

Candida tropicalis
is the leading cause of non-albicans candidemia in tropical/sub-tropical areas. We detected a predominant genotype of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
clinical strains in Taiwan from 2014 to 2018. To investigate the potential fomite transmission of drug-resistant
C. tropicalis
, we characterized yeasts recovered from 17 samples sourced from 6 different kinds of fruits from a supermarket in northern Taiwan in the present study. Fruits were gently washed with buffer, and the solution was then collected for centrifugation. The cell suspension was plated onto CHROMagar Candida medium. Representative yeast species was identified by rDNA sequencing. Drug susceptibilities of
C. tropicalis
were determined by the broth microdilution method. We found that different types of fruit surfaces had different distributions of yeast species. Washing fruit can significantly eliminate the number of yeasts from the surface. Of 123 identified isolates,
C. tropicalis
was the most frequently found species, followed by
Meyerozyma caribbica
and
Candida krusei
. Among 10 collected
C. tropicalis
, all 3 fluconazole-resistant ones were non-susceptible to voriconazole. Furthermore, the genotype of all azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
belonged to the same predominant genotype of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
causing candidemia in patients in Taiwan. Hence, fruit can serve as a vehicle of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
and other species, especially
C. krusei
, which is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole.

IMPORTANCE

Of 123 identified isolates from the fruit surface,
C. tropicalis
was the most frequently found species, followed by
Meyerozyma caribbica
and
Candida krusei
. All three fluconazole-resistant
C. tropicalis
were non-susceptible to voriconazole and belonged to the same predominant genotype of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
causing candidemia in patients in Taiwan. Our findings provide evidence that fruit should be washed before eaten not only to remove chemicals but also potential drug-resistant pathogenic microbes, especially for immunocompromised individuals. To keep precious treatment options in patients, we not only continuously implement antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals but also reducing/stopping the use of agricultural fungicide classes used in human medicine.
Transcriptional plasticity of schizotrophic
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
responds to symptomatic rapeseed and endophytic wheat hosts
Authors: Tian Binnian , Chen Ziyang , Yu Yang , Yang Yuheng , Fang Anfei , Bi Chaowei , Qu Zheng , Fu Yanping , Mehmood Mirza Abid , Zhou Changyong , Jiang Daohong
Published: October 2023

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
, a widespread pathogen of dicotyledons, is also a reciprocal endophytic fungus in monocot plants. However, it is unclear how it responds to two distinct plants. Comparative transcriptomic analyses uncovered a network rewiring, with 14.1% up-differentially expressed genes overlapping upon colonizing the endophytic host wheat and a symptomatic host rapeseed. The divergent transcript of genes originating from host-specific induction is central to infection and colonization, including genes related to appressorium, oxalic acid, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and effector-like proteins. We confirmed that appressorium is required for
S. sclerotiorum
during colonization in symptomatic hosts but not in endophytic wheat via the observation of the infection process of
ΔSs-caf1
, a compound appressorium formation-defective mutant with hypovirulence to symptomatic hosts.
SS1G_10617
and
SS1G_13809
are components of the starch degradation pathways.
ΔSS1G_10617
displayed lower virulence on symptomatic host plants and abnormal endophytic growth on wheat, and
ΔSS1G_13809
only showed an abnormal symbiotic relationship with wheat, implying that starch may be the major carbon source for
S. sclerotiorum
in the symbiosis with wheat. Our results herein suggest that
S. sclerotiorum
modulates biphasic colonization via a divergent transcriptional landscape. This study contributes to a better understanding of schizotrophic fungi and provides new clues for cultivating disease-resistant varieties and adjusting reasonable farming strategies.

IMPORTANCE

The broad host range of fungi with differential fungal responses leads to either a pathogenic or an endophytic lifestyle in various host plants. Yet, the molecular basis of schizotrophic fungal responses to different plant hosts remains unexplored. Here, we observed a general increase in the gene expression of
S. sclerotiorum
associated with pathogenicity in symptomatic rapeseed, including small protein secretion, appressorial formation, and oxalic acid toxin production. Conversely, in wheat, many carbohydrate metabolism and transport-associated genes were induced, indicating a general increase in processes associated with carbohydrate acquisition. Appressorium is required for
S. sclerotiorum
during colonization in symptomatic hosts but not in endophytic wheat. These findings provide new clues for understanding schizotrophic fungi, fungal evolution, and the emergence pathways of new plant diseases.
Displaced transverse laryngeal fracture from attempted hanging
Authors: Wa Katolo Henriette , Bass John Augustus , McGilligan James Anthony , Bowles Philippe
Published: October 2023

Laryngeal fractures are life-threatening injuries, frequently associated with long-term morbidity. We present a case of a man sustaining a displaced laryngeal fracture and rupture of supraglottic structures following attempted suicide by hanging from a bridge. His injuries included a tear of the thyrohyoid membrane, avulsed epiglottis and complete autopharyngotomy. All laryngeal functions were significantly impaired. Early tracheostomy, careful surgical repair, extensive multidisciplinary team (MDT) input and intensive rehabilitation all contributed towards a successful recovery. By 7 months following the initial injury, the patient had achieved excellent breathing and voicing, and a safe and competent swallow despite the extent of his initial injuries. This case demonstrates the importance of early airway management in laryngeal trauma and the role of surgical management in conjunction with swallow rehabilitation. Fundamentally, an MDT approach is essential for the holistic management of patients with laryngeal trauma.
Labour market trajectories after part-time sickness absence: a nationwide cohort study from Finland
Authors: Hartikainen Elli , Salonen Laura , Solovieva Svetlana , Blomgren Jenni , Böckerman Petri , Viikari-Juntura Eira , Leinonen Taina
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The use of part-time sickness absence (pSA) enables return to part-time work from full sickness absence. However, subsequent labour market outcomes of pSA users depend on various individual and work-related characteristics. We investigated labour market paths of private and public sector employees after having a pSA spell. Moreover, we examined individual and work-related factors associated with following them.

Design

Longitudinal register-based cohort study.

Setting

Finnish employed population.

Participants

9896 receivers of partial sickness allowance aged 45–56 in the years 2010–2014.

Outcome

We constructed labour market trajectories based on the proportion of time spent in various labour market statuses measured over 3 years after the end of the pSA spell using multiresponse trajectory analysis. We then examined how different individual and work-related factors were associated with assignment to the different trajectory groups using logistic regression analyses.

Results

The majority of the pSA users followed paths where work participation was consistently elevated (Sustained Work group, 40.4%), or only slightly reduced (Slightly Reduced Work group, 31.6%). Moreover, more than 1/10th of the users followed a path where receiving partial work disability benefits became predominant (Partial Work Disability group, 12.5%). The rest followed paths where other non-employment (Other Non-Employed group, 7.8%) or full work disability (Full Work Disability group, 7.7%) became the prevailing status. Lower educational level and income predicted assignment to all other groups than the Sustained Work group. Additional predictors were identified, yet these differed between the trajectory groups.

Conclusions

The majority of the pSA users maintained a connection to working life, yet weaker working life paths were also identified. The paths were determined by various individual and work-related factors that can help health professionals and employers to better target support measures particularly towards individuals whose connection to working life is at risk to weaken after the use of pSA.
Differential clinical and CT imaging features of pneumonic-type primary pulmonary lymphoma and pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre observational study
Authors: Li Sha , Wang Li , Chang Na , Xu Tianqi , Jiao Bingxuan , Zhang Shuai , Wang Ximing
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Pneumonic-type primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia in clinical practice. However, this disease requires different treatments, which calls for a correct diagnosis.

Materials and methods

A total of 227 patients with pneumonic-type PPL (n=72) and pneumonia (n=155) from 7 institutions were retrospectively enrolled between January 2017 and January 2022. Clinical features (age, sex, cough, sputum, fever, haemoptysis, chest pain, smoking, weight loss and laboratory results (haemoglobin, white blood cell count, C reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate)) and CT imaging characteristics (air bronchogram, bronchiectasis, halo sign, pleural traction, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, lesion maximum diameter and CT attenuation value) were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for model construction based on independent predictors in identifying pneumonic-type PPL. In addition, we used a calibration curve and decision curve analysis to estimate the diagnostic efficiency of the model.

Results

The patients with pneumonia showed a higher prevalence of sputum, fever, leucocytosis and elevation of C reactive protein level than those with pneumonic-type PPL (p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.011 and p<0.001, respectively). Bronchiectasis, halo sign and higher CT attenuation value were more frequently present in pneumonic-type PPL than in pneumonia (all p<0.001). Pleural effusion was more commonly observed in patients with pneumonia than those with pneumonic-type PPL (p<0.001). Also, sputum, fever, elevation of C reactive protein level, halo sign, bronchiectasis, pleural effusion and CT attenuation value were the independent predictors of the presence of pneumonic-type PPL with an area under the curve value of 0.908 (95% CI, 0.863 to 0.942).

Conclusion

Pneumonic-type PPL and pneumonia have different clinical and imaging features. These differential features could be beneficial in guiding early diagnosis and subsequent initiation of therapy.
Impact, scope of practice and competencies of Advanced Practice Nurses within APN-led models of care for young and middle-aged adult patients with multimorbidity and/or complex chronic conditions in hospital settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bales Gabriele , Hasemann Wolfgang , Kressig Reto W , Mayer Hanna
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The increase of young and middle-aged adult patients with multimorbid and/or complex chronic conditions has created new challenges for healthcare systems and services. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) play an essential role in treating these patients because of their expertise and advanced nursing skills. Little is known about competencies, scope of practice and impact of APNs within APN-led care models for young and middle-aged adult patients with multimorbidity and/or complex chronic conditions in hospital settings. The objective of this scoping review is to describe the impact, scope of practice and competencies of APNs within APN-led care models for young and middle-aged adult patients in hospital settings.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will be conducted using the methodological framework proffered by Arksey and O'Malley, incorporating the methodological enhancement of Levacet al. It will comply with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) for Scoping Reviews’ guidelines of Triccoet al. Systematic research will be conducted in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), CENTRAL and PsycINFO (Ovid) using all recognised keywords, index terms and search strings. Grey literature will be scanned. Bibliography of all selected studies will be hand searched. Studies will be selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, screened by title and abstracts. Data from full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria will be extracted independently by two authors. Disagreements in evaluation will be discussed and resolved by consensus. Results will be reported in the form of descriptive tables. Narrative summery is used to present the results of the review in the context of the study’s objectives and questions.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review does not require ethics approval. The review will be handed in as part of a doctoral thesis and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number OSF

4PM38.
Cost of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in EU/UK/OECD: a systematic review
Authors: Vardavas Constantine , Zisis Konstantinos , Nikitara Katerina , Lagou Ioanna , Marou Valia , Aslanoglou Katerina , Athanasakis Konstantinos , Phalkey Revati , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Fernandez Esteve , Condell Orla , Lamb Favelle , Sandmann Frank , Pharris Anastasia , Deogan Charlotte , Suk Jonathan E
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role.

Design

A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021.

Eligibility criteria

Studies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible.

Data extraction and synthesis

Studies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.

Results

We included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented.

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the Reat the stage of the pandemic.
Results of the Stop the Spread Ottawa (SSO) cohort study: a Canadian urban-based prospective evaluation of antibody responses and neutralisation efficiency to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Keeshan Alexa , Galipeau Yannick , Heiskanen Aliisa , Collins Erin , McCluskie Pauline S , Arnold Corey , Saginur Raphael , Booth Ronald , Little Julian , McGuinty Michaeline , Buchan C Arianne , Crawley Anglea , Langlois Marc-Andre , Cooper Curtis
Published: October 2023

Background

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and the influence of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection require elucidation.

Methods

Stop the Spread Ottawa is a prospective cohort of individuals at-risk for or who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, initially enrolled for 10 months beginning October 2020. This cohort was enriched for public-facing workers. This analysis focuses on safety and immunogenicity of the initial two doses of COVID-19 vaccine.

Results

Post-vaccination data with blood specimens were available for 930 participants. 22.8% were SARS-CoV2 infected prior to the first vaccine dose. Cohort characteristics include: median age 44 (IQR: 22–56), 66.6% women, 89.0% white, 83.2% employed. 38.1% reported two or more comorbidities and 30.8% reported immune compromising condition(s). Over 95% had detectable IgG levels against the spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) 3 months post second vaccine dose. By multivariable analysis, increasing age and high-level immune compromise predicted diminishing IgG spike and RBD titres at month 3 post second dose. IgG spike and RBD titres were higher immediately post vaccination in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to first vaccination and spike titres were higher at 6 months in those with wider time intervals between dose 1 and 2. IgG spike and RBD titres and neutralisation were generally similar by sex, weight and whether receiving homogeneous or heterogeneous combinations of vaccines. Common symptoms post dose 1 vaccine included fatigue (64.7%), injection site pain (47.5%), headache (27.2%), fever/chills (26.2%) and body aches (25.3%). These symptoms were similar with subsequent doses.

Conclusion

The initial two COVID-19 vaccine doses are safe, well-tolerated and highly immunogenic across a broad spectrum of vaccine recipients including those working in public facing environments.
Intimate partner violence and suicide mortality: a cross-sectional study using machine learning and natural language processing of suicide data from 43 states
Authors: Kafka Julie M , Moracco Kathryn Elizabeth , Pence Brian W , Trangenstein Pamela J , Fliss Mike Dolan , McNaughton Reyes Luz
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with suicidal ideation, yet it remains unclear how often IPV precipitates suicide mortality. To overcome limitations with national data, we applied novel methods to: (1) document the prevalence of IPV-related suicide in the USA and (2) identify correlates for IPV-related suicide.

Methods

Using National Violent Death Reporting System data (NVDRS, 2015–2019, n=1 30 550), we recorded IPV circumstances (yes/no) by leveraging prior textual reviews of death narratives and applying a validated natural language processing tool. We could not systematically differentiate IPV perpetration versus victimisation given limited details in NVDRS. Logistic regression compared IPV-related suicides with referent group suicides (no evidence of IPV), stratified by sex.

Results

7.1% of suicides were IPV related (n=9210), most were isolated suicide events (82.8%, n=7625; ie, not homicide suicide). There were higher odds of IPV circumstances when the decedent had civil legal problems (aOR for men: 3.6 (3.3 to 3.9), aOR for women: 2.6 (2.2 to 3.2)), criminal legal problems (aOR men: 2.3 (2.2 to 2.5), aOR for women: 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1)), or used a firearm (aOR men: 1.9 (1.8 to 2.0), aOR for women: 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1)). There were lower odds of IPV circumstances when the decedent had a current mental health problem (aOR men: 0.7 (0.7 to 0.8), aOR for women: 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8)).

Conclusions

IPV circumstances contribute to a notable proportion of suicides. IPV-related suicides are distinct from other suicide deaths. Targeted suicide screening and intervention in IPV settings may be beneficial for prevention.