bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant training systems for the peach cultivar Della Nona
Authors: Giacobbo Clevison Luiz , Prado Jean do , Uberti Alison , Lugaresi Adriana , Fischer Lucas Lobato de Oliveira
Published: June 2024

Cultivation of stone fruit trees in many producing countries is traditionally carried out with low planting density and training in open plant systems (pots). However, the higher density systems and training with more compact mills, for example the 'leading system', have been providing better production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological, vegetative, and productive characteristics of the peach cultivar Della Nona, subjected to various training systems. The work was conducted during two production cycles where three driving systems were evaluated: 'central leader' (5.0 m x 0.8 m, 2,500 plants ha-1), 'Y shape' (5.0 m x 1.5 m, 1,333 plants ha-1) and 'vase' (5.0 m x 3.5 m, 571 plants ha-1). We showed that phenological development was not influenced by the different training systems. The training system 'central leader' gave lower cup size, lower production, but higher productivity. We conclude that the 'central leader' training system adapts to the conditions of the region and shows high productivity for the peach cultivar Della Nona.
Cosmetics for the treatment of cutaneous hyperpigmentation
Authors: Ferrarini Stela , Costa Natielle Moreira , Oliveira Livia Teixeira
Published: June 2024

Skin hyperpigmentation is a dermatological condition characterized by darkening of the skin due to increased melanin production. Various factors such as excessive sun exposure, skin inflammation, hormonal imbalance, and genetic predisposition can contribute to the development of these conditions, significantly affecting quality of life. This work aims to explore the efficacy of cosmeceuticals in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, focusing on products available in tropical regions like Brazil. To achieve this, a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach based on scientific articles, dissertations, and journals obtained through the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct platforms using the following search keywords: cosmeceuticals, cosmetics, skin lightening, skin regeneration, published between 2003 and 2023, in Portuguese and English languages, was conducted. The different types of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines, were discussed, addressing their clinical characteristics and pathophysiologies, presenting the main mechanisms involved in the formation of skin hyperpigmentation. Subsequently, the main active ingredients used in the treatment of hyperpigmentation were highlighted, such as niacinamide, retinol, vitamin C, kojic acid, arbutin, and hydroquinone. The mechanisms of action of each active ingredient and their scientific evidence of efficacy are discussed. Through a literature analysis, recommendations were provided for the appropriate and safe use of cosmetics in the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, considering factors such as skin type, dermatological conditions, and sun protection measures. The work aims to contribute to advancing knowledge about the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, providing updated information on the role of cosmeticals in this context.
Esponjas: O tesouro escondido da zoologia - uma análise crítica dos livros didáticos
Authors: Santos George Garcia , Bezerra Cicero de Souza , Nascimento João Bosco Dumont do
Published: June 2024

O livro didático é uma ferramenta indispensável no contexto educacional, nele encontramos a base de todos os conteúdos pensados para a matriz curricular do ensino. No contexto do ensino de zoologia, o ensino sobre as esponjas (Filo Porifera), deve focar em aspectos como morfologia, classificação, filogenia, ciclo de vida, reprodução, importância ecológica e biotecnológica do grupo. Ao abordar esses tópicos de maneira abrangente e integrada, é possível desenvolver um entendimento sólido até mesmo sobre a taxonomia das esponjas, sem comprometer a precisão e a importância da Biologia do grupo. Se o ensino relativo a este grupo não é adequado, isso pode limitar o avanço do conhecimento científico sobre esses organismos. Neste artigo, são apresentadas as possíveis conseqüências dessa situação e discutidas estratégias para mitigar tais impactos. Para isso, analisamos os conteúdos relacionados ao Filo Porifera em livros didáticos de Biologia selecionados pelo PNLD/2018, focalizando a qualidade das informações apresentadas e, por fim, as possíveis conseqüências das mesmas nas pesquisas com o grupo. Para avaliar o conteúdo específico do filo, foi realizado um levantamento prévio em livros de referência. Os cinco livros analisados exibiram distinções em relação à estruturação de seu conteúdo. Alguns deles demonstraram falhas na utilização de imagens, na qualidade do conteúdo e nos textos adicionais. É vital corrigir as lacunas no ensino das esponjas para melhorar a compreensão e promover avanços nas pesquisas taxonômicas e biológicas associadas a esse grupo.
Menggali Potensi Kampung Wisata Di Kota Yogyakarta Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisatawan
Authors: Wisnu Hadi
Published: June 2024

Yogyakarta as a city of culture and education city has a wide variety of tourism potentials that can attract domestic and foreign tourists. One of the potentials is tourist villages scattered in the sub-districts in the city of Yogyakarta. The characteristics of each tourist village can attract to be sold to tourists visiting the city of Yogyakarta. On the basis of this it is considered interesting to be a study material for research with a qualitative descriptive method where the understanding of explanations and findings will be described in the form of description of sentences so that the results of interpretation Critically argumentative based on data obtained from research results. The results of this study stated that the potential of tourist villages in the city of Yogyakarta has a variety of arts, culture, heritage, education, culinary and economics, each of which is a mainstay to always be offered to tourists. The tourist village areas that have art, culture and historical buildings are always become a priority for the development of tourism based on local wisdom by its management. Community empowerment in the tourist village is more emphasized on the economic results that are owned by the tourist village such as culinary and handicraft so that distinctiveness is always sought after by tourists. The participation of the community and the government in the development of tourism in the tourism villages in the city of Yogyakarta has been running synergistically.
Implementasi Mingle Di Lafayette Boutique Hotel Yogyakarta
Authors: Ajie Wicaksono  , Okta Nafisa Mardiani
Published: June 2024

This study aims: (1) to determine the role of staf salesin the implementation of the mingle at Lafayette Boutique Hotel Yogyakarta, and (2) to determine the description of the implementation of the mingle at Lafayette Boutique Hotel Yogyakarta. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, by collecting data through observation, interviews, documentation. Data retrieval of data was carried out in December 2018-February 2019. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman which included data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions / verification. The results showed that the mingle activity can be used as a direct evaluation of guests as a measure of the level of guest satisfaction related to the income that the hotel will receive as income. In mingle activities, staf saleshave a role in communicating with guests to build relationships, inform Direct Booking guests of Online Travel Agents, report to All Departments, and Maintain operations. Lafayette Boutique Hotel Yogyakarta has implemented a scheduled and structured mingle by adjusting the number of staff that has been approved by the Director of Sales, which is every day at the restaurant at breakfast time, starting at 09.00 - 10:00 am includes 3 activities namely recording the guest database as a marketing system, offering Experience Of French, and retarget guests.
Upaya Masyarakat Di Desa Wisata Penglipuran Dalam Menjalankan Sapta Pesona
Authors: Lutfi Hendriyati
Published: June 2024

The village is a legal community unit that has territorial boundaries that are authorized to regulate and manage the interests of the local community based on local origins and customs that are recognized and respected in the system of Government of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Undang undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004). The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the Community Efforts in Penglipuran Tourism Village in implementing Sapta Pesona. The synergy between the community, government and other parties makes this Penglipuran village make this village the title of the cleanest village in the world. This predicate was given by TripAdvisor in 2016. This proves that the people in Penglipuran Tourism Village run Sapta Pesona well.
Penerimaan dan Resiliansi Ibu dengan Anak Tuna Rungu
Authors: Kurniawati Dewi
Published: June 2024

Setiap ibu berharap melahirkan anak yang sempurna, normal, dan sehat, harapan muncul sejak anak masih didalam kandungan. Keadaaan berbalik saat ibu mendengar diagnosa anaknya berkebutuhan khusus.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran, proses, dan faktor penerimaan diri ibu dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan Life History. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi kegiatan dan interaksi keluarga, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen. Pengambilan data dilakukan dari bulan November 2022 hingga Januari 2023. Data yang diperoleh dianalis menggunakan teknik analisis tematik secara induktif.
Arbitration's Summer Soldiers: An Empirical Study of Arbitration Clauses in Consumer and Nonconsumer Contracts
Authors: Eisenberg Theodore , Miller Geoffrey , Sherwin Emily
Published: June 2024

We provide the first study of varying use of arbitration clauses across contracts within the same firms. Using a sample of 26 consumer contracts and 164 nonconsumer contracts from large public corporations, we compared the use of arbitration clauses in firms' consumer and nonconsumer contracts. Over three-quarters of the consumer agreements provided for mandatory arbitration but less than 10% of the firms' material nonconsumer, nonemployment contracts included arbitration clauses. The absence of arbitration provisions in the vast majority of material contracts suggests that, ex ante, many firms value, even prefer, litigation over arbitration to resolve disputes with peers. Our data suggest that the frequent use of arbitration clauses in the same firms' consumer contracts may be an effort to preclude aggregate consumer action rather than, as often claimed, an effort to promote fair and efficient dispute resolution.
The Complicit Canon of Criminal Law: A Critical Survey of Syllabi, Casebooks, and Supplemental Materials
Authors: Peterson Robin
Published: June 2024

This Note analyzes the learning objectives, casebook readings, and supplemental sources that thirteen criminal law professors assigned over fifteen years and argues that the current approach to teaching criminal law is complicit in perpetuating the injustices of the American criminal legal system because it fails to adequately interrogate the carceral state and does not prepare students to become ethical practitioners or policymakers of criminal law. This paper calls for a fundamental rethinking of the purpose of teaching criminal law and recommends a reform orientation, which could be implemented through a variety of course structures.
Crystalizing Community: “Communities of Interest” and the 2020 Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission
Authors: Plaut Edward , Powers Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) met for the first time in 2020 after it was created via ballot initiative in 2018. The MICRC included thirteen Michiganders tasked with drawing state house, senate, and congressional districts. The newly amended Michigan Constitution charged the MICRC with incorporating a new criterion previously unknown to Michigan redistricting: communities of interest. Communities of interest (COIs) have played a role in redistricting law across several states, gaining prominence after the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Shaw v. Reno as an ostensibly race-neutral “traditional districting principle.” However, the concept is difficult to define. This Note is the first to study the MICRC’s attempt to codify the cultural, historical, and economic interests of communities across Michigan, as defined by Michiganders themselves. Although the MICRC worked tirelessly to review the flood of public comments, it will need to modify its approach for the next redistricting cycle. We propose several substantive and procedural changes to improve the COI review process, including firming up a thematic, “bottom-up” approach, strengthening public outreach efforts, and modernizing the comment database.
Economic Implications of Population Growth in India
Authors: Adhiveer Gandhi
Published: June 2024

The size of the population largely influences the economic condition of any country. With India being the largest country in the world in terms of population increase of even one percent ends up having a significant implication. Population growth is an increase in the number of people in a population. Traditionally it is measured by the rate at which the population of a population grows over a specific time period, often expressed as a percentage of (initial) population size. Economic implications of population expansion: The economic implications of population expansion denote the effect on the condition of economy of variations in population size and composition. These effects operate through several channels such as labor markets, consumption behavior, investment in human capital, and entailing overall economic development of a country.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMBINED GRADED REPETITIVE ARM SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAM (GRASP) AND CONSTRAINT INDUCED MOVEMENT THERAPY (CIMT) VERSUS CONVENTIONAL THERAPY ON HAND AND ARM FUNCTION IN SUB ACUTE STROKE
Authors: S.Nivethakumari  , Vishnupriya.R  , Dhasaradharaman Kannan , Anantharaj.K  , Kohilavani.S
Published: June 2024

Background of the study: Stroke (CVA) is a rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain. The aim of the study is to compare a combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program versus Conventional Therapy on arm and hand functions on sub acute stroke. Methods: This is a Quasi experimental study. Sampling of 30 subjects of age >40years of both sexes are selected from the JKKMMRF College of Physiotherapy. Group A of 15 subjects receives combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program, Group B of 15 subjects receives Conventional Therapy. Pre and post intervention were assessed by Fugl Meyer Assessment scale and Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory. Result: Group A sub acute stroke patients included in the study completed the 15 sessions of combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program they were re-evaluated at the six- month follow-up. The significant P value is less than 0.0001 which is extremely significant. Conclusion: we conclude that the combination of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program has improvement of arm and hand functions on sub acute stroke.
TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED NEUROMUSCULAR INHIBITION TECHNIQUE VERSUS BOWEN TECHNIQUE ON UPPER TRAPEZIUS TRIGGER POINT IN SUBJECTS WITH MECHANICAL NECK PAIN
Authors: Nandhini. K Usha , Thenmozhi M. P. , Dhasaradharaman D. Kannan , R. Ferdinand  , S. Kohilavani
Published: June 2024

Background: The Neck pain is one of the common musculoskeletal disorders, it refers to pain along the axis of cervical spine column and it is related to para spinal musculature. Upper trapezius is designated as postural muscle. The trapezius pain is the classic stress pain of the neck and upper back, and it is the most common type of musculoskeletal disorders, it is highly susceptible for overuse. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare these two manual therapy techniques and to determine the efficacy of each therapy for treating trigger points. Methods: 30 patients were selected between the age group of 18 to 35 years and having a past history of neck pain for one month. 15 patients were allocated to each group of experiment. Group I was given integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique and Group II was given Bowen technique. Evaluation of the subjects was done using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Neck disability index scale (NDI). Results: Data analysis revealed statistically significant difference between both groups and proved that integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique was more effective than Bowen technique in Mechanical neck pain. Conclusion: This study concluded that the Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition technique was significantly more effective than the Bowen technique in reducing pain and neck disability in subjects with mechanical neck pain.
A TALE OF TWIN CITY: ANALOGY OF GROWTH AND DECAY IN PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Ar. Pravash Ranjan Rout  , Ar. Mahima Thussu
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a comparative spatial analysis of urban growth and decline trends in the Indian cities of Cuttack and Bhubaneswar. While geographically proximate, the two cities have experienced markedly different urbanization trajectories shaped by their contrasting origins, planning regimes, and governance. Historic Cuttack reflects an organic morphology with a dense, convoluted core and incremental peripheral growth. Planned Bhubaneswar exhibits an orderly layout with designated functional zones radiating from the center. However, both cities grapple with emerging challenges including deteriorating heritage cores, unmanaged peri-urban expansion, inadequate infrastructure in informal settlements, and spatial disparities
Projektant Julian Pietrzyk i jego współpraca z Fabryką Mebli Artystycznych Szczepana Łojka
Authors: Wójcik Agata
Published: June 2024

Artykuł jest próbą scharakteryzowania twórczości Juliana Pietrzyka w dziedzinie projektowania mebli. Podstawą analizy są sprzęty atrybuowane projektantowi, a także materiały dotyczące jego edukacji pozyskane w Archiwum Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie. Celem artykułu jest wpisanie twórczości Pietrzyka w nurty w meblarstwie polskim w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, jak również pokazanie jej w szerszym kontekście edukacji projektanta w krakowskiej Szkole Sztuk Zdobniczych i Przemysłu Artystycznego w Krakowie. Kariera Pietrzyka w dziedzinie projektowania mebli była związana z firmą Szczepana Łojka. Kwerendy archiwalne w Archiwum Akt Nowych w Warszawie, Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie oraz Archiwum Państwowym w Katowicach (oddział w Bielsku-Białej) pozwoliły odtworzyć historię Fabryki Mebli Artystycznych Szczepana Łojka.
Residential Towers of the Left-Bank Wrocław. An Unusual or a Forgotten Phenomenon in the Medieval Cityscape?
Authors: Mruczek Roland , Legut-Pintal Maria
Published: June 2024

In this study, we have taken on the subject of medieval residential towers in the chartered city of Wrocław. We discuss residential towers and tower houses that have been identified through archaeological/architectural, historical and iconographic research. The location of these towers in the city is associated with areas occupied by the elites of knightly and bourgeois origin, concentrated in the vicinity of the Market Square and the main roads leading from it. The model of residential towers can be found among the oldest masonry buildings from the 13th century and at the threshold of the early modern period, as evidenced by bourgeois constructions from the 16th century. It has been demonstrated that tower buildings could be associated with the foundations of the bourgeoisie, thus drawing inspiration from patterns known from Italy and Germany, serving as a means of emphasising the status of the founder. City-wall towers could also serve residential purposes; however, they did not possess the attributes of prestige.
Towers with Golden Orbs. Motif of Cupolaed Spires with Spherical Supports
Authors: Łuniewicz Zygmunt
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the hitherto overlooked architectural motif of spherical supports in tower spires, observed in northern Europe since the early 17th century. Probably derived from the obelisk ball-based motif popular in iconography. It first appeared within the spire of the Westerkerk tower designed by Hendrik de Keyser, and later in the realizations of his students in Denmark. Graphic representations of the towers also played a role in popularizing the motif. The article investigates the potential routes of the motif ’s spread and explores possible connections between the different objects. Due to the various forms and contexts in which the motif was used, it is difficult to determine any additional ideological content beyond the prestigious functions associated with dominant tower structures.
Pijar Łukasz Ziemecki, autor polichromii w Rzeszowie i Łowiczu. Życie i twórczość malarza w świetle źródeł archiwalnych
Authors: Mączyński Ryszard
Published: June 2024

Artykuł poświęcony jest biografii malarza-pijara Łukasza od św. Pantaleona (w stanie świeckim Albert Ziemecki). Dotychczas zyskał on jedynie drobne, niepozbawione omyłek wzmianki. Gruntowna kwerenda badawcza w Archivio Generale delle Scuole Pie w Rzymie i Archiwum Polskiej Prowincji Zakonu Pijarów w Krakowie pozwoliła zebrać na jego temat szczegółową faktografię. Żył w latach 1655–1715. Był Polakiem, pochodził z Rzeszowa, do zakonu wstąpił w 1679 r., już jako wykształcony artysta. W ciągu 36 lat posługi duchownej przebywał w trzech tylko pijarskich kolegiach: Rzeszowie, Górze i Łowiczu. Miał wyjątkowy status: nie prowadził żadnej działalności edukacyjnej, zajmował się wyłącznie twórczością plastyczną, wykonując rysunki, obrazy sztalugowe i polichromie ścienne. Te ostatnie stanowiły jego opus magnum: w końcu XVII w. dekorował kościół i kolegium w Rzeszowie, na początku XVIII – kościół w Łowiczu. Pełny katalog prac tego niedocenionego malarza polskiego baroku zostanie przedstawiony w przygotowanej do osobnego wydania monografii.
Identifikasi Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kerusakan Wilayah Pengembangan Konservasi Mangrove Di Wilayah Pesisir Paluh Merbau
Authors: Harefa Meilinda Suriani , Arbiansyah Arbiansyah , Fazera Della , Siboro Laurentina Putri Puspita , Fadilah Rayhan , Nasution Tri Wahyuni , Utami Widya Astri
Published: June 2024

Hutan mangrove di Indonesia memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keberlangsungan ekosistem pesisir, namun menghadapi ancaman serius akibat aktivitas manusia yang tidak berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kerusakan hutan mangrove di Pantai Mangrove Paluh Merbau, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, serta faktor-faktor yang menyebabkannya. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan masyarakat setempat, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan mangrove disebabkan oleh sampah di sekitar mangrove, kurangnya perawatan dari pemerintah dan pengelola, abrasi pantai, dan konversi lahan menjadi tambak. Faktor-faktor tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya menjaga ekosistem mangrove. Untuk melindungi keberlangsungan hutan mangrove di Paluh Merbau, diperlukan tindakan konservasi yang lebih serius dan partisipasi aktif dari semua pihak. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang tantangan yang dihadapi dalam menjaga ekosistem mangrove dan menekankan perlunya implementasi kebijakan yang efektif untuk mengatasi ancaman yang dihadapi.
Design and Fabricate of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon for Groundwater Filtration System
Authors: Che Osmi Siti Khadijah , Suif Zuliziana , Aripin Adam Muhammad Ezzat
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the design and fabrication of activated carbon (AC) filters from agricultural coconut shells for groundwater filtration systems. The AC had been acting as a filter medium to filtrate the water. The production of AC from local agricultural wastes is the most environmentally friendly solution by transforming negative value wastes into valuable materials. The chemical and physical characteristics of AC produced were tested by adsorption capacity using Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm. Test results showed that AC with favourable physico-chemical properties can be produced locally from agricultural waste. Moreover, four parameters were measured to determine the filter's effectiveness: pH, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonia (NH3 –N). Consequently, the percentage removal of turbidity is 62% to 63%, TSS is 82% to 79%, and NH3-N is 12% to 4%, meeting the water quality standard. Overall, removing water quality parameters in groundwater filtration systems is more efficient with powdered AC than with granular size.
Soft Skills in Language Education: From Perception to Frequency of Instruction
Authors: Rahate Ellah Hicham , Azmi Noureddine
Published: June 2024

In today’s interconnected world, the teaching and learning of soft skills or as other researchers call them the 21st skills has become very important for Moroccan students to develop. The integration of these skills into the curriculum has become an urgent need that should be met immediately. In other words, teachers in general and English language teachers in particular are in the most appropriate position to help their students improve these skills. Unfortunately, research shows that the focus is still on teaching students technical skills more than soft ones. In this regard, this study aims to explore the extent to which EFL teachers are aware of the importance of soft skills education and to identify the frequency of teaching soft skills in the EFL classroom. This study used a quantitative method to collect numerical data to answer the main research questions. It implemented a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The participants were teachers of English from different public and private schools in Morocco. Research findings show that though teachers are aware of the importance of soft skills education and can teach them, they rarely help their students develop these skills for many reasons. The findings also reveal that English language teachers still need training in soft skills teaching and assessment.
The PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, JAK2V617F mutation, and their associations with blood cells in Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Dzis Yevhen , Tomashevska Oleksandra , Voroniak Myroslav , Shelep Nataliia , Khudzii Sofiia , Dzis Ivan
Published: June 2024

Factors influencing the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system play important roles in pathogenetic processes in Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). In addition, the JAK2V617F mutation is a key determinant of outcomes in these diseases. This study evaluated complete blood count (CBC) parameters, the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism, and the JAK2V617F mutation in patients with Ph-negative MPNs, aiming to identify possible associations between them. We analyzed results from 56 patients newly diagnosed with Ph-negative MPNs— essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF)—before treatment initiation. The CBC of 475 people from a diagnostic center database served as a population sample for comparison. In patients with Ph-negative MPNs, PAI-1 genotypes 4G/4G, 4G/5G, and 5G/5G were detected in 11 (19.6%), 29 (51.8%), and 16 (28.6%) cases, respectively. No significant differences in genotype distribution were found among ET, PV, and PMF patients. PMF patients with the 4G/5G genotype had a higher white blood cell (WBC) count compared to those with the 5G/5G genotype (P = 0.027). The JAK2V617F mutation was found in 44 (78.6%) patients. ET patients with this mutation (n = 13) exhibited significantly higher counts of platelets (PLTs), red blood cells (RBCs), and WBCs compared to those without it. The PLT/RBC ratio was significantly higher in all disease categories compared to the population sample, with the highest ratios in ET patients. The PLT/WBC ratio in ET and PV patients was also higher than in the population sample (P < 0.05). This relative thrombocytosis is likely clonal in origin, associated with genes responsible for PLT quantitative parameters, JAK-STAT signaling pathway proteins, and factors in the uPA-uPAR-PAI-1/PAI-2 system. These genes share common loci in chromosomes (1p34.1-p34.3, 7q21.1-q21.3, 9p24.1, 19p13.11-p13.2, and 19q13.31-q13.32). Due to their close spatial proximity, these genes can form genetic complexes and mutually influence their expression levels, thereby contributing to the unique pathogenesis of these diseases.
Volatile organic compounds: A promising new frontier for cancer screening
Authors: Allard-Coutu Alexandra , Singh Kevin , David Dawn , Dobson Victoria , Dahmer Lily , Heller Barbara
Published: June 2024

The late onset of cancer symptoms can cause a significant delay in diagnosis, impacting patients’ prognosis and quality of life, thus prompting a need for alternative screening and detection methods. Neoplastic processes cause distinct and immediate changes to the body’s metabolism, creating unique patterns in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced and released through exhaled breath. For this reason, VOC profiles have emerged as diagnostic indicators for several types of malignancies, facilitating early cancer detection. Both non-invasive and accessible, the analysis of breath VOCs for cancer screening and detection has gained recognition as a new frontier in cancer diagnostics. Using exhaled breath instead of gold-standard cancer detection and screening tools that are traditionally invasive and uncomfortable for the patient could be revolutionary in improving patient compliance. Further, compared to the gold-standard tools, breath testing is relatively inexpensive, and the method of analysis, storage, and transporting the samples is simplified. Several studies have demonstrated the accuracy of VOC analysis in detecting various types of cancer, including breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and melanoma. This article summarizes the evidence supporting VOC analysis for cancer screening and detection. It reviews the clinical utility, current limitations, and necessity for standardization across all VOC screening tools to ensure the standardization and reliability of measurements. The evidence supporting breath tests to detect cancer accurately is strong, demonstrating that VOC sampling improves patient outcomes and decreases the global burden of malignant conditions by detecting cancer earlier.
Student’s perception regarding tutorials in pre-clinical undergraduate medical education
Authors: Irem Faiza
Published: June 2024

Background: Tutorials are one of oldest teaching methodologies and are effectively being used for teaching in medical education. The objective of this study is to identify student’s perspective regarding conventional tutorial teaching in undergraduate, pre-clinical medical curriculum and recognise appropriate changes needed to improve learning of higher order critical thinking and decision making skills among medical graduates in tutorials.
Subject and methods: This is a mixed method study conducted at Fatima Jinnah Medical University. Qualitative data was collected by structured interviews from twelve second year medical students. Interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis done for results. DREEM questionnaire was modified to design a questionnaire and was used to collected quantitative data from second year MBBS class, through an online survey.
Results: Twelve female medical students of 2nd year MBBS of FJMU participated in structured interviews. Content analysis of transcribed interviews identified three main themes i. e self-directed learning, collaborative learning and problem-based learning. Majority of students made response that tutorials provide active class room participation (60%), learning motivation (55.7%) and learning stimulation (48%).  They also opined learning is learner centered (53%) and objective oriented (70%), it builds competence (50%) and confidence (67%), add value to time (57%) and enhances interpersonal skills (44%) in stress free environment (70%). Students also valued handouts and learning materials provided in tutorials (59.6%). However, they felt teaching in tutorials is monotonous (69.36%), do not support memorization (44%) and lack problem solving skills learning (39%).
Conclusion: Overall, tutorial learning can be a powerful tool for enhancing student learning and development when implemented thoughtfully and strategically.
Cesarean Section Rate in Tertiary Care Hospital of South Punjab using Robson Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Najam Mehwish , Rasheed Nuzhat
Published: June 2024

Background: The rise in cesarean section rates throughout the world is a major public health issue and a topic of controversy because to the potential maternal and perinatal dangers, financial challenges, and discrepancy in access. This research set out to determine the high prevalence of cesarean sections using the Robson Ten Group Classification System (TGCS).
Patients and Methods: The research was a cross-sectional prospective study. The TGCS was used to categorize all women who gave birth through lower segment cesarean section at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan between January 2021 and July 2022. Rates of cesarean sections were determined both overall and by Robson group, as was each group's relative contribution to the cesarean section rate.
Results: There were 543 (18.4%) females of age <20 years, 1826 (61.8%) females had age 20-30 years and 581 (19.6%) were aged 30-37 years. Out of 2950 females, 39.6% females fall in RTGCS class 5, followed by 2b (11.2%), 2a (10.4%), class 1 (9.7%), class 9 (7.8%) and class 10 (7.1%) and so on.
Conclusion: Thus, RTGCS allows easy identiﬁcation of leading contributing patients groups. RTGCS can be effective criteria that can help to early predict the mode of delivery and prevent complications of cesarean section in several number of cases.
Relationship between peer versus non-peer learning and academic performance of nursing students in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Haroon Rukhsana Muhammad , Hussain Sabir , Razzaque Muhamooda Abdul , Razzaque Abdul
Published: June 2024

Background: Students learn through peer learning; it is one of the central learning approaches. Peer learning inspires students to teach and learn from each other. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between peer versus non-peer group learning and the academic performance of nursing students (NS).
Methods: A correlational research design was conducted at two public sectors: Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery Karachi and College of Nursing Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. Three hundred NS were included in the study through purposive sampling techniques and the study duration was four months (December 2022 to March 2023). The inclusion criteria were undergraduate NS who were acquainted with peer learning. Those NS who were not present at the time of data collection were excluded from the study. According to the study's objectives, a questionnaire was developed by reviewing previous studies. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 26.
Results: Out of 300, n=156(52%) were from peer group and n=144(48%) were from non-peer-group and n=167(55.7%) had reported good performance (>3 GPA) and n=133(44.3%) reported average performance (≤3 GPA) at academic. Both groups of NS showed significant differences in academic performance (P- value <0.05). The peer group of NS has found a positive correlation (r.1.000) and is highly significant (P- value <.005) with academic performance.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that most NS belonged to peer groups, and more than half of the NS attained good academic performance. Peer groups also showed a positive correlation and high significance with academic performance.
Investigation of rs80356932 of BRCA1 Gene and Other Physiological Factors with Benign Breast Disease
Authors: Yasin Unzila , Matanat Yumna , Javed Hasnain , Fatima Warda
Published: June 2024

Background: Benign Breast Diseases (BBD) are a diverse group of conditions characterized by abnormal breast morphology and lesions which may be caused by both genetic and environmental factors as well as infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. Since it is generally accepted that these conditions do not usually pose a risk for breast cancer so a small amount of information is available about them. Present study undertook the investigation of the association of various factors with benign breast disease, including family history, history of abortions, tumors in other organs of the body, menopausal status, and rs80356932 variant of the BRCA1 gene.  
Patients and Methods: This case control study included 91 patients of BBD and 100 normal individuals at Services Institute of Medical Sciences and Jinnah Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022. Demographical and clinical data was collected with the help of a pre designed form, and blood sample was also collected with informed consent. Tetra-ARMS-PCR was performed on DNA extracted from these samples to determine the genotype of rs80356932. Chi-square test of independence was used via SPSS version 22 for the measurement of association.
Results: The results reported that the family history, menopause status, history of abortions and tumor in any other organ of the body were found to be significantly associated with benign breast tumor/ disease (P-value <0.05). SNP rs80356932 was also found associated with presentation of benign breast diseases (P-value <0.05).
Conclusion: Family history, menopause status, history of abortions and BRCA1 variant rs80356932 are risk factors for BBD development. We recommend screening of all patients of benign breast disease for these factors to better understand and manage the condition, as well as to assess the possibility of development of breast cancer in these patients.
Frequency of Celiac Disease in Children Presenting with Iron Deficiency Anaemia: A Single Centre Experience from Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Qaisrani Nadeem Iqbal , Ifat Mubina , Aslam Muhammad , Ifat Masooma , Mujahid Abdul Qadoos , Surani Muhammad Khalil , Asif Muhammad , Zahra Fatima uz
Published: June 2024

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic disease of immune-mediated damage to the small intestine resulting in variable symptoms of malabsorption. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is one such frequent symptom. As these are high percentages for celiac disease in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia, the study's main aim was to determine the frequency of celiac disease in children presenting with IDA.
Material and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Multan, for a duration of 6 months from 16th January 2020 to 15th July 2020. A total of 132 patients were enrolled; we included patients from Ages one year to 14 years of both genders, newly diagnosed patients with iron deficiency anaemia who are not taking treatment for this, we studied age, sex, duration of anaemia, the severity of anaemia, we investigated Hb, serum ferritin, anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies level and endoscopic biopsy done.
Results: We enrolled 132 patients presenting with IDA. Among all 132 patients, CD was found in 23 (17.4%) Mean age of the patients was 7.61±4.21 years. The mean value of the duration of anaemia of the patients was 20.39±6.17 days. 60(45.45%) patients were male, and 72 (54.55%) were female. 
Conclusion: The frequency of CD in children with iron deficiency is found to be 17.4%. Therefore, we recommend a Multicenter study at regional and national levels to assess the disease burden and early diagnosis for appropriate and timely management of this vulnerable population.
Effect of Different Water-Based and Gel-Based Conductive Media on the Efficacy of Electric Pulp Tester
Authors: Sarwar Nosheen , Khokhar Sheharyar Akhtar , Waheed Aqsa , - Qurat Ul Ain
Published: June 2024

Background: The Electric Pulp Tester (EPT) is a valuable diagnostic tool used in dentistry to assess the vitality of dental pulp. However, the effectiveness of the EPT can be influenced by the type of conductive media used during the test. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different water-based and gel-based conductive media on the efficacy of EPT.
Subjects and Methods: An Analytical observational study conducted at the School of Dentistry PIMS Islamabad. The Study period was six months from May to October 2022. Three different water-based and gel-based conductive media was applied on the 100 healthy maxillary central incisors to check the efficacy of EPT with different substances. The recorded data were analyzed through SPSS 21.0 for Windows.
Results: The mean age of study participants was 22.5 ± 1.2. The ultrasound gel has the least pulpal sensory threshold 4.11 ± 1.26. Independent t-test was applied to find the correlation between gender and preference of materials. P value <0.05 was significant.
Conclusion: The choice of conductive media used during Electric Pulp Tester (EPT) procedures has a significant impact on the efficacy of the test. Ultrasound gel has better electric conductance, and females have a less pulpal sensory threshold.
Konsep Dialog Agama Menurut Paul F. Kniter dan Implikasinya bagi Hubungan Antar Umat Beragama di Kabupaten Fak-Fak
Authors: Ngabalin Marthinus , Lattu Izak Y. M. , Listyani Listyani
Published: June 2024

This study aims to describe the application of the concept of religious dialogue according to Paul F Knitter and explain the implications of the application of the concept of religious dialogue for interfaith relations in Fakfak Regency. The participants of this study were 10 respondents. data were collected using qualitative design and data collection methods were interview and literature study. The findings of this study showed that the emergence of dialogues in Fakfak society contributed to the social diversity based on the history of Fakfak society. On the other hand, however, this writing gives emphasis to the perspective on religion. Therefore, the important point is how the society encourages interfaith dialogue and how each religious community places other communities equally in dialogue spaces.
Machine Vision for Detecting Defects in Liquid Bottles: An Industrial Application for Food and Packaging Sector
Authors: Omid Farhangi  , Ehsan Sheidaee  , Asma kisalaei
Published: June 2024

The quality control of liquid packaging, such as cooking oils and beverages (bottled water, soft drinks, juices, etc.), is crucial due to the inherent risk of leakage. This process involves inspecting bottles for cap and seal ring defects and addressing issues arising from the gradual degradation of filling machines, leading to variations in the surface level of liquid bottles over time. Additionally, proper label placement significantly contributes to the customer-friendliness of a product. This research aims to introduce an automated vision-based rating system designed for the online inspection of defects in liquid bottles. The system is versatile, applicable to both academic and industrial settings, and can be easily adapted for use with various types of transparent liquid bottles. The defect detection metrics include three measures of distance determination and pattern matching. The equipment used in this study includes a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera with a USB connection, a laptop, and a 14-speed conveyor belt, among other components. The system demonstrated an average accuracy of 95.6%, with specific accuracies for surface level, cap, and label placement at 100%, 95%, and 92%, respectively.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Pengalaman Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Idrus Muhammad Ikram , Idrus Muhammad Ishlah , Ismail Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of work motivation, work experience, and work environment on employee performance in the context of management. The data used are the results of research from 20 economic journals investigated, as well as previous journal reviews to enhance data accuracy. The research findings indicate that work motivation, which includes intrinsic and extrinsic factors, significantly impacts employee performance. Intrinsic factors, such as the drive to achieve organizational goals, sense of responsibility, and recognition of achievements, as well as extrinsic factors, such as financial incentives, influence employees' work motivation. Employees who feel motivated intrinsically and extrinsically tend to demonstrate better performance. In addition to motivation, work experience also influences employee performance. Work experience enables employees to gain the knowledge and skills needed to perform tasks effectively. The more experienced someone is, the more competent they are in performing their tasks. The work environment also plays a crucial role in determining employee performance. Factors such as cleanliness, comfort, adequate facilities, good communication, and positive interpersonal relationships affect employee productivity. Employees working in a supportive environment tend to demonstrate better performance and dedication to their work. These findings emphasize the importance of human resource management in improving employee performance and productivity. By understanding the factors that influence work motivation, work experience, and work environment, companies can create a supportive environment for overall organizational growth and success. The practical implications of this research are that human resource managers need to consider these factors in designing motivation programs, employee development, and workplace design. In the context of increasingly fierce business competition, understanding and optimizing these factors can be a competitive advantage for companies. By implementing the right strategies in managing work motivation, work experience, and work environment, companies can improve employee performance and productivity, ultimately supporting the achievement of organizational goals.
Politik Pembangunan Koeksistensi di Kota Depok: Refleksi Kasus Demonstrasi terhadap Kapel Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI) Cinere oleh Organisasi Masyarakat
Authors: Simamora Naufal Bariq Alauddin , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: June 2024

The demonstration at the GBI Cinere Chapel in September 2023 was one of the factors that made Depok City the city with the lowest tolerance index in Indonesia. The city of Depok has had the lowest tolerance index in Indonesia since 2020-2023, so it is included in the category of intolerant city. This research aims to explore political steps that can be used to build coexistence among the people of Depok City in the challenges that arise in achieving coexistence amidst the complexity of diversity, especially in the case of the GBI Cinere Chapel demonstration. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method by analyzing descriptive data obtained through interviews and writing and making observations from the data. The results of the research show that in carrying out coexistence development efforts in the Depok City community, we must be active in collaborating with leadership and community dialogue, reviewing legal and policy frameworks, as well as adapting the practices of tolerance development programs. Thus, it is hoped that these various efforts can become preventive efforts in maintaining unity in the Depok City community.