bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the attenuation ofLgwaves in western and central Asia and their use as a discriminant between earthquakes and explosions
Authors: Nuttli Otto W.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Data from earthquakes and explosions in the western and central parts of the Soviet Union are used to determine the values of the coefficient of anelastic attenuation of 1-sec period Lg waves from the Russian uplands region and for the region from the Caspian Sea to the southern perimeter of the Soviet Union. For the former region, the value is approximately 0.15 deg−1, and for the latter 0.35 deg−1.

Using the empirical Veith and Clawson (1972) curve for the amplitude of P waves at regional distances and theoretical curves for the attenuation of higher mode surface waves for Lg, curves are constructed which show the variation of the amplitude ratio of Lg to P with epicentral distance, with the coefficient of anelastic attenuation as a parameter. When data from explosions and earthquakes in the Soviet Union are compared with the calculated curves, the amplitude ratios of Lg and P on the average are larger for earthquakes than explosions. However, there is much overlap, so that this ratio by itself does not appear to be a useful discriminant between earthquakes and explosions.
Seismic yield estimates from Rayleigh-wave source radiation pattern
Authors: Yacoub Nazieh K.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Rayleigh-wave spectral amplitudes generated by two United States nuclear explosions, Rulison and Rio Blanco, were equalized to epicentral distance of 10°, corrected for geometric spreading and instrument response, and filtered by a narrow-band filter to obtain corrected spectral amplitudes. The corrected spectral amplitudes were used in a least-squares scheme to evaluate the symmetric source radiation pattern parameters and average attenuation coefficients, as functions of frequency. The parameters are: the explosive source; the F factor, which is the ratio of the double-couple source to the explosive source; and the radiation pattern azimuth. The evaluated average attenuation coefficients were used, with the station epicentral distance to adjust the corrected spectral amplitudes to obtain the source spectral amplitude, from which the spectral magnitudes were calculated. The explosive source parameters of the radiation pattern and the spectral magnitudes, at different frequencies, were used to estimate the yields of the above two explosions. The estimated yields for the two explosions are within 2 to 6 per cent of the announced yields. The best yield estimate was obtained from the explosive source parameters which estimated the yields for Rulison at 40.6 kt and Rio Blanco at 88.6 kt. The announced yields for Rulison and Rio Blanco are 40 and 90 kt, respectively.
An automatic seismic signal detection algorithm based on the Walsh transform
Authors: Goforth Tom , Herrin Eugene
Published: June 2021

abstract

An automatic seismic signal detection algorithm based on the Walsh transform has been developed for short-period data sampled at 20 samples/sec. Since the amplitude of Walsh function is either +1 or −1, the Walsh transform can be accomplished in a computer with a series of shifts and fixed-point additions. The savings in computation time makes it possible to compute the Walsh transform and to perform prewhitening and band-pass filtering in the Walsh domain with a microcomputer for use in real-time signal detection.

The algorithm was initially programmed in FORTRAN on a Raytheon Data Systems 500 minicomputer. Tests utilizing seismic data recorded in Dallas, Albuquerque, and Norway indicate that the algorithm has a detection capability comparable to a human analyst. Programming of the detection algorithm in machine language on a Z80 microprocessor-based computer has been accomplished; run time on the microcomputer is approximately 110 real time. The detection capability of the Z80 version of the algorithm is not degraded relative to the FORTRAN version.
A simple and efficient method for introducing faults into finite element computations
Authors: Melosh H. J. , Raefsky A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

This paper outlines a new method, the “split node technique” for introducing fault displacements into finite element numerical computations. The value of the displacement at a single node point shared between two elements depends upon which element it is referred to, thus introducing a displacement discontinuity between the two elements. We show that the modification induced by this splitting can be contained in the load vector, so that the stiffness matrix is not altered. The number of degrees of freedom is not increased by splitting. This method can be implemented entirely on the local element level, and we show rigorously that no net forces or moments are induced on the finite element grid when isoparametric elements are used. This method is thus of great utility in many geological and engineering applications.
Comparison of synthetic seismograms for anelastic media by asymptotic ray theory and the Thomson-Haskell method
Authors: Krebes E. S. , Hron F.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Synthetic seismograms for P-SV teleseismic waves in a layered anelastic medium are computed by asymptotic ray theory and compared with those computed by a modification of the Thomson-Haskell matrix method for anelastic media, due to Silva (1976). The synthetic seismograms for the two methods agree well with each other, which verifies the validity of the modification of the Thomson-Haskell method. A useful feature of the ray approach is the ability to identify the rays which make up the various events on the seismograms.
Dining satisfaction with quick service restaurants among college students
Authors: McDowall Siriporn , Jia Weijia
Published: June 2021

The purposes of this research were to investigate the reasons why college students enjoy fast food and why fast food is popular among college students.  There were 313 respondents participating in this study. The majority of them were male, between 18-24 years of age, single, and they were freshmen and sophomores. On average, they visited the restaurant 3 times a week. Friends and family were their major source of information, followed by drive-by, the restaurant sign, social media, and billboard.  Respondents were most satisfied with billing was accurate, operation hours were convenient, received food as ordered, menu was easy to read and order, and seat availability. Those who were satisfied with the restaurant would come back and recommend their friends and relatives to patron the restaurant.
Six-year survival of patients with severe respiratory failure treated with long-term oxygen therapy at home
Authors: Tatarsky A. R. , Baskakova A. E.
Published: June 2021

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) improves survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) having severe respiratory failure and chronic hypoxemia. In our study 51 patients received LTOT at home via concentrators (34 males, the mean age, 65.5 ± 7.8 yrs; 17 females, the mean age, 62.8 ± 4.1 yrs). Of them, 37 (72.5 %) survived 6-year period and 14 died (13 males and 1 female). Causes of death were acute respiratory viral infection (in 1 patient), insult (in 1 patient), chronic heart and lung failure (in 12 patients). Survival of patients with chronic restrictive pulmonary diseases was not longer than 3 years. A control group included 45 COPD patients with severe respiratory failure not receiving LTOT (30 males, the mean age, 66.3 ± 8.5 yrs; 15 females, the mean age, 69.1 ± 4.6 yrs). Of them, 16 survived 6 years and 29 died (5 females, the mean age, 72.6 ± 3.6 yrs, 24 males, the mean age, 67.8 ± 5.2 yrs). So, LTOT at home improves survival of COPD patients with severe respiratory failure.
Pharmacotherapy of specific and unspecific respiratory infections
Authors: Balabanova Ya. M. , Kuznetsov S. I. , Grem K. , Fedorin I. M. , Raddy M. , Atun R. , Koker R. , Drobnevsky F. , Zhestkov A. V. , Kryukov N. N.
Published: June 2021

Irrational administration of antimicrobials, incorrect regimens and dosing provide occurrence of adverse effects with minimal therapeutic results and development of drug resistance including anti-tuberculosis drugs. The study was designed to detect information sources on drug therapy used by general practitioners and TB specialists, to establish stereotypical models of antibacterial drug administration in prevalent upper and lower airway diseases at the Samara region and to substantiate the supposition about unreasonable empiric administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs in a respiratory patient without microbiological confirmation as a probable cause of drug resistant tuberculosis. A cross-sectional study based on a special questionnaire was performed in 425 general practitioners in primary care facilities, hospitals and in TB specialists at the Samara region. The questionnaire contained several clinical situations and their solving and the respondents should choose the most suitable ones. Results demonstrated that majority of the practitioners (80 %, or 340 / 425 cases) widely use advertising information regarding antimicrobials. Several doctors (1.7 %) chose antibacterial drugs to treat acute respiratory viral infection, 0.8 to 1.6 % of doctors certainly decided to administer anti-tuberculotics in non-TB respiratory diseases such as acute bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, communityacquired pneumonia and acute tonsillitis, and approximately one fifth of the practitioners thought to administer antituberculotics in these diseases (18.4 % (78 / 425) – rifampicin, 21.2 % (90 / 425) – isoniasid).
Summary of international clinical recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Leshchenko I. V. , Esaulova N. A.
Published: June 2021

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Diagnostic value of exhaled nitric oxide and bronchial challenge tests
Authors: Meliashkevich A. A. , Ahrens P. , Gerein V.
Published: June 2021

The reported practical work shows a significance of detection the exhaled fraction of nitric oxide (FENO) compared with bronchial challenge tests to diagnose the allergic inflammation and to determine the inflammatory activity in the airways. Methods: 30 bronchial challenge tests were performed in 24 children aged 5 to 16 yrs with different degrees of sensitization detected by the prick-test. The challenge tests were performed with various allergens, the lung function was examined by spirometry or pneumotachometry, the airway resistance was studied by impulse oscillometry. The FENO was measured using a chemiluminescent gas analyzer. The FENO levels obtained after the challenge tests allowed to divide the patients with positive test results in 2 groups and those with negative test results in 3 groups. Two negative and the positive groups had the similar FENO levels and only the third negative group had different FENO level. Therefore, the FENO allows detecting the allergy imflammation including its latent form even if the challenge test is negative.
Histopathology of pulmonary artery branches in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease (morphometric and immunohistochemical study)
Authors: Chernyaev A. L. , Lebedin Yu. S. , Dulin K. S. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Samsonova M. V. , Vertikova A. V. , Bazarov D. V.
Published: June 2021

Structural reconstruction of branches of the pulmonary artery was not seen in severe atopic asthma. Precapillary pulmonary hypertension with marked structural wall changes of small branches of the pulmonary artery, such as hypertrophy of intima and muscles, sclerosis of adventitia, as well as bronchiolitis and lung emphysema, were shown morphometrically and immunohistochemically in smokers with severe chronic obstructive lung disease. The thickening of the muscle layout was due to the increase in myofibroblast number.
Pulmonary oedema: treatment programmes
Authors: Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

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Иммунокоррекция в лечении бронхиальной астмы:
глюкокортикостероиды, системная энзимотерапия,
интерфероны и цитокины
Authors: Дюсембаева Н.К. , Семенова Р.И. , Турланов К.М.
Published: June 2021

Цель исследования: определение влияния глюкокортикостероидной терапии, препарата системной энзимотерапии и индуктора
интерферона на содержание цитокинов у больных бронхиальной астмой (БА).
Материалы и методы: проведено обследование 116 больных БА средней степени тяжести и тяжелого течения. Осуществлено исследование содержания в крови интерлейкинов-2, -6 и -10. С целью иммунокоррекции назначали: препарат из группы системных энзимов
Флогэнзим; низкомолекулярный индуктор интерферона Циклоферон. Применение терапии ингаляционными глюкокортикостероидными (иГКС) препаратами, Флогэнзимом и Циклофероном оказывало позитивное влияние на содержание интерлейкинов в крови, что
проявлялось достоверной динамикой к его нормализации.
COPD and co-morbidity
Authors: Shmelev E. I.
Published: June 2021

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Pharmaco-economical trial of a new concept of administration of Symbicort in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Tsoy A. N. , Arkhipov V. V. , Chapurin S. A. , Churilin Yu. Yu.
Published: June 2021

SMART concept implies administration of Symbicort (budesonid/formoterol both as maintenance and reliever therapy of asthma (BA). The present study was designed to evaluate economic efficacy of SMART regimen (Symbicort 320 / 9 or 640 / 18 μg daily plus Symbicort 160 / 4.5 as needed) compared with current practice of asthma therapy in Russia (64 different medications administered in real practice in 34 cities of Russian federation in 2005) and combined therapy with Seretid Multidisk (fluticason / salmeterol 200 / 100 to 1000 / 100 μg daily plus salbutamol as needed). We performed economic analysis of SMART regimen based on the results of international multi center randomized COSMOS trial. We assessed direct medical costs (outpatient pharmacotherapy with the given medications, emergency care for asthma exacerbations, related hospitalisations, scheduled visits to a physician) and non medical expenses and losses (social expenses for temporary disability, loss of income tax for state budget and of non produced gross national product). As a result, cost of SMART regimen was 1.2 fold to 1.4 fold higher than that of the routine therapy but the former has been eventually decreased by 15 % due to reduction in as needed doses. The mean dose of Seretid did not changed in time but the total expenses for the drug therapy became 20 % higher when compared with SMART regimen and 1.5 fold higher when compared with the routine therapy. The BA burden, which is a sum of treatment cost and social expenses related to the disease, in routinely treated patients were 2 fold to 3 fold higher than in SMART patients. Therefore, combined drugs for management of BA (Symbicort SMART and Seretid) have great medical and economical advantaged over the routine therapy.
Lipoproteinosis under the exposure of industrial aerosols as a manifestation of surfactant disorders
Authors: Loshchilov Yu. A.
Published: June 2021

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Complex (CT and ultrasound) detection of peripheral neoplasms of the chest
Authors: Glagolev N. A.
Published: June 2021

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Papillar adenoma of the lung
Authors: Dubova E. A. , Shishin K. V. , Shchegolev A. I.
Published: June 2021

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Effect of inhaled glucocorticosteroids on endothelial function and pulmonary and cardiac haemodynamics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kuzubova N. A. , Perley V. E. , Gichkin A. Yu. , Surkova E. A. , Lukina E. Yu.
Published: June 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of important problems of public healthcare. The aim of the present study was to investigate effect of beclomethazone on endothelial function (endothelin-1 level and results of Celermajer's test) and ultrasound parameters of pulmonary and central circulation in 42 COPD patients. Endothelium dysfunction was found in 66% of patients. It improved after antiinflammatory treatment. The improvement in myocardial diastolic function and decrease in systolic pulmonary artery pressure were revealed after 3-month beclomethazone therapy.
Results of the TORCH trial: a new era in the therapy of COPD
Authors: Aisanov Z. R. , Kalmanova E. N.
Published: June 2021

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Pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: morphofunctional characteristics of pulmonary artery branches and their relationship with functional cardiorespiratory status
Authors: Nekludova G. V. , Nekludova A. L. , Chernyak A. V. , Avdeev S. N. , Naumenko Zh. K. , Samsonova M. V. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Bykanova A. V. , Tarasenko I. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate functional status of cardiorespiratory system and post-mortem morphometric characteristics of the heart and the lung arteries in secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A retrospective analysis of functional status of cardiorespiratory system in 10 died patients with IPF (5 males and 5 females, the average age, 63.1 ± 9.2 yrs) was performed. During the last 6 months of their life, all the patients were investigated using body plethysmography, lung diffusing capacity test, arterial blood gas analysis and Doppler echocardiography measuring maximal systolic pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (sysPAP). We also performed histological examination of autopsy samples and morphometric examination of the PA and the heart. Severe restrictive disorders, significant decrease in the lung diffusing capacity with alveolo-capillary block and arterial hypoxemia have been found. The sysPAP was 44.9 ± 17.4 mm Hg in average. Microscopic lung tissue disorders were characteristic for usual interstitial pneumonia. Diameter of the pulmonary vessel lumen in IPF patients was 1.5-fold less and the vessel area was 1.7-fold less than those in controls. In IPF patients, the PA branch wall was 2.9-fold thicker, the proportion of the muscle area was 2.2-fold more and that of the intima area was 4.1-fold more than those in controls. Correlations were found between sysPAP and the cross-sectional area f the PA small branches (r = 0.71; p < 0.05), sysPAP and the proportion of intima area (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). Lumen diameter of the PA small branches correlated with the right atrium length (r = –0.81; p < 0.05) and the right ventricle mass correlated with diameter (r = –0.71; p < 0.05) and the cross-sectional area of the PA small branches (r = –0.75; p < 0.05). Significant correlations were also found between lung function, lung diffusing capacity and function signs of PH. Therefore, secondary PH in IPF is characterized by wall remodeling in the PA branches, mainly due to changes of intima. The 1.5-fold reduction of the vessel lumen is thought to be a cause of moderate growth of sysPAP followed by occurrence of cor pulmonale.
A programme of preferential drug provision of asthma patients in Dagestan Republic
Authors: Alieva K. M. , Kharkharov M. A. , Masuev K. A.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze preferential drug provision (PDP) of asthma patients in Dagestan Republic in 2006. This analysis was performed using a personified database of the preferential drug provision. We studied spectrum of administered antiasthmatic therapy. Results revealed that salmeterol / fluticasone propionate and budesonide / formoterol take the most portion of the PDP cost.
Functional polymorphism of genes of regulatory molecules and cytokines in nosocomial pneumonia
Authors: Baygozina E. A. , Sovalkin V. I.
Published: June 2021

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Association of polymorphic variants of matrix metalloproteinase and antiprotease genes with development and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Korytina G. F. , Akhmadishina L. Z. , Yanbaeva D. G. , Zagidullin Sh. Z. , Viktorova T. V.
Published: June 2021

To evaluate a role of polymorphic variants of metalloproteinase and protease genes for hereditary susceptibility to COPD and its severity, we analyzed polymorphic loci of MMP1, MMP9, MMP12, PI, and AACT genes in COPD patients (n = 318) and healthy persons (n = 319) living at the Bashkortostan Republic. Results showed that frequency of genotypes and alleles of G(-1607)GG gene MMP1, С(-1562)T gene MMP9, A(-82)G gene MMP12, and Ala 15 Thr gene ААСТ did not differ in COPD patients and healthy subjects. The Zand S-mutations of the PI gene were also similar in both the groups. The heterozygous GA genotype of G1237A locus in the 3'-non-translated region of PI gene was associated with COPD occurrence (OR = 2.09; 95 % CI: 1.15–3.81). To determine polymorphic variants associated with severity of clinical course and age of the disease manifestation, a comparative analysis of rates of genotypes and alleles was performed in patients with different COPD stages and of different age. The stage IV COPD patients significantly more often carried rare T allele in С(-1562)T locus of the MMP9 gene (15.89 % vs 8.38 %; χ2 = 7.804; df = 1; p = 0.005; OR = 2.06; 95 % CI: 1.22–3.49). Individuals with rare TT genotype of MMP9 gene were found only among the stage IV COPD patients (3.97 % vs 0 %; χ2 = 4.78; p = 0.029; pcor = 0.058). Moreover, analysis of this locus in patients with early manifestation of COPD (younger the 55 yrs) revealed significantly more frequent rate of T allele in patients with stage IV COPD compared to patients of the same age but less severe COPD (χ2 = 5.26; df = 1; p = 0.022).
COPD and cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms of association
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Baymakanova G. E.
Published: June 2021

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Striving for asthma control: new results of GOAL study
Authors: Ogorodova L. M. , Petrovsky F. I.
Published: June 2021

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Efficiency of nebulizations of ionized silver solution in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Lobanov A. A. , Shustikov I. A.
Published: June 2021

The main problem in preventing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is high cost of medication for regular use and low income of the most patients. Frequent need in antibiotic therapy in COPD patients with concomitant polyvalent allergy, virus infections, antibiotic resistance of pathogens arises some problems in prevention and treatment of COPD. Today there is a great need not only in potent antibiotics but also in additional cheap treatment methods for use in regular basis. These methods should be applicable to other treatments and be active against not only bacterial flora but also other microorganisms. One of such methods meeting these requirements is nebulization of ionized silver solution. Aim of this study was clinical investigation of a new method for prevention of COPD exacerbations using nebulization of ionized silver solution. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of long-term therapy with nebulization of ionized silver solution was carried out in 160 patients with mild to moderate COPD. The treatment duration varied from 30 to 180 days. Results showed positive changes in lung function and clinical symptoms. Number and duration of COPD exacerbations associated with acute respiratory virus infections decreased. The optimal daily dose of ionized silver via inhalations was 2 mg.
Diagnosis and differential of miliary lung tuberculosis
Authors: Musatova N. V. , Kuzmina N. V.
Published: June 2021

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Clinical and immunological features of occupational bronchitis
Authors: Zhestkov A. V. , Kosarev V. V. , Babanov S. A. , Kosov A. I.
Published: June 2021

Based on results of investigation of 144 patients the authors described functional, bronchoscopic, microbiological, and immunological peculiarities of chronic dustrelated bronchitis and chronic toxico-chemical bronchitis.
Evaluation of patients with chronic bronchitis and COPD during 7-year follow-up
Authors: Visel I. Yu. , Shmelev E. I. , Visel A. A.
Published: June 2021

Recent guidelines define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a preventable and treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation and systemic consequences. Airflow limitation in COPD worsens over years as assessed by FEV1 . Parametric and nonparametric statistic techniques were used to analyze prognostic influence of acute exacerbations of COPD, smoking, compliance, and type of treatment on forced spirometric parameters in a cohort of 191 consecutive patients with COPD and chronic bronchitis followed up during 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-7 years. This study showed that acute exacerbations of COPD, smoking, and low compliance have negative impact on the patient's prognosis. We conclude that deterioration of health status in patients with COPD and chronic bronchitis could be reduced by the treatment adherence to the GOLD guidelines, smoking cessation and improvement in the patient's compliance.
Aerosols of low cytotoxic metal oxide condensates as an etiological factor of occupational cardiomyopathy
Authors: Voznesensky N. K. , Velichkovsky B. T.
Published: June 2021

Smelters working with aluminum and brass-bronze alloys and electric welders working with carbide and low-alloyed steel develop primary myocardial injury independent on hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis. This injury is characterized by structural disorders such as myocardial concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, concentric remodeling left heart myocardium, non-coronarogenic pain, changes of T-wave in ECG, and cardiac arrhythmias. According to the 10th International classification of diseases, such signs should be considered as cardiomyopathy caused by environmental exposure, namely by fine-particle aerosols of condensates of zinc, aluminum and iron oxides having slow solubility and cytotoxity.
Occupational bronchopulmonary pathology cause by exposure of chrysotile asbestos
Authors: Plyukhin A. E. , Burmistrova T. B.
Published: June 2021

Investigation of various asbestos-induced lung diseases caused by exposure of chrysotile and chrysotile dust allowed description clinical, radiological, and functional features of occurrence, presentation, course, and outcomes of respiratory pathology, such as chrysotile asbestosis, occupational bronchitis and lung carcinoma in workers at asbestos industry. There is a reduction in morbidity of chrysotile asbestosis together with increasing prevalence of chronic bronchitis in modern asbestos industry. Morbidity of asbestosis-induced lung diseases is strongly and directly related to the length of service and level of pollution at the workplace. Preventive measures should include prevention of development of asbestos-induced diseases and rehabilitation of workers aimed to keeping health and restore adaptive reserve.
Changes in cellular and humoral regulation of immunity in patients with bronchial asthma under treatment with interferon inductor tiloron
Authors: Shemetova G. N. , Koblov V. M. , Zakharova N. B.
Published: June 2021

Changes in serum concentrations of interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin Е (IgE), С-reactive protein and in clinical status of patients with virus-induced exacerbation of bronchial asthma were studied before and after treatment with basic medications and interferon inductor tiloron. A positive influence of Tiloron on clinical signs and immunologic parameters, such as IL-4, TNF-α, INF-γ, IgE, and С-reactive protein, was found in 95 % of patients with moderate asthma. Thus, serum concentrations of these biomarkers in asthma patients could be used as an index of inflammatory response reflecting severity of the pathology and as an important criterion to choose the individual treatment.
Respiratory infections and asthma
Authors: Khaptkhaeva G. E. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

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Акустический анализ дыхательных звуков в диагностике
заболеваний легких
Authors: Гусейнов А.А.
Published: June 2021

Одним из новых методов объективной оценки дыхательных звуков является бронхофонография (БФГ). Проведено исследование больных с обструктивными заболеваниями (ОЗ) - бронхиальной астмой и хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, рестриктивными
заболеваниями легких (РЗ) и здоровых лиц (ЗЛ). В качестве дополнительных методов исследования использовались спирометрия и общая бодиплетизмография. Обследованы 166 пациентов с ОЗ, 17 - с РЗ и 108 ЗЛ. Определяли акустический эквивалент работы дыхательных мышц (АРД) в различных частотных диапазонах от 200 до 12 600 Гц при спокойном и форсированном дыхании. Проведен анализ около 2 500 дыхательных паттернов (амплитудно-частотных характеристик спектра дыхательных шумов). Получены значимые различия
между показателями АРД исследуемых групп в различных диапазонах: преимущественно в среднечастотном (1,2-5,0 кГц) - между ЗЛ и
больными ОЗ, в высокочастотном (5,0-12,6 кГц) - между больными ОЗ и РЗ, по всему спектру (1,2-12,6 кГц) и особенно в его высокочастотной части - между ЗЛ и больными РЗ. Таким образом, БФГ может использоваться для получения дополнительных объективных
оценочных параметров при диагностике заболеваний легких.
Мониторинг обратимости бронхиальной
обструкции в диагностике и лечении
бронхиальной астмы у детей
Authors: Мещеряков В.В. , Титова Е.Л.
Published: June 2021

В работе представлены возможности улучшения качества лечебно-диагностических подходов при бронхиальной астме (БА) у детей на
основе мониторинга обратимости бронхиальной обструкции с использованием пикфлоуметрии. Установлена сильная отрицательная
связь между обратимостью бронхообструкции и исходным состоянием бронхиальной проходимости. Наблюдение за пациентами с БА
в периоде ремиссии заболевания позволило установить 3 типа "парных" пикфлоуметрических кривых, которые соответствовали различным степеням тяжести заболевания. Отсутствие обратимости бронхообструкции при нормальных исходных значениях бронхиальной
проходимости (как у здоровых детей) и отсутствии клинических симптомов заболевания было расценено как критерий легкой формы
БА. Стойко регистрируемая положительная проба с бронхолитиком свидетельствовала о потребности в постоянной бронхолитической
терапии и средней степени тяжести заболевания. Отсутствие достаточной обратимости бронхообструкции при низких исходных
значениях бронхиальной проходимости расценено как критерий тяжелой БА. Установлены объективные показания для определения
тактики терапии при нетяжелой БА. Стойкое, длящееся не менее 1 мес. отсутствие обратимости бронхообструкции при нормальной
исходной бронхиальной проходимости может служить объективным критерием отсутствия потребности в бронхолитической терапии
и перевода на противовоспалительную монотерапию. Постоянно положительный бронходилатационный тест, независимо от исходного
состояния бронхиальной проходимости, является показанием для продолжения комбинированной базисной терапии.
Безопасность и эффективность новой формы джозамицина
при инфекциях дыхательных путей у взрослых: результаты
проспективного наблюдательного исследования
Authors: Карагодина Ю. Я. , Захарова Н. К. , Холод О. Л. , Мичурина С. В.
Published: June 2021

Макролидный антибитик джозамицин обладает высокой активностью в отношении наиболее распространенных возбудителей респираторных инфекций. В настоящее время джозамицин выпускается в виде диспергируемых таблеток (Солютаб).
Цель настоящей работы заключалась в оценке клинической эффективности, переносимости и удобства приема диспергируемых пероральных таблеток джозамицина у взрослых пациентов с нетяжелыми внебольничными инфекциями дыхательных путей в повседневной
клинической практике. Открытое проспективное несравнительное наблюдательное исследование проводилось на базе амбулаторных
лечебно-профилактических учреждений Москвы и Московской обл. Пациентам, соответствующим критериям включения (возраст >18
лет, с клинико-рентгенологической картиной внебольничной пневмонии (ВП) или с острым тонзиллофарингитом (ОТФ) предположительно стрептококковой этиологии с оценкой по шкале Сентора ≥ 4 балла), назначались диспергируемые таблетки джозамицина
(Вильпрафен® Солютаб) в дозе 1 000 мг 2 раза в сутки в течение 7-14 дней при ВП и 10 дней при ОТФ до клинического улучшения
и стойкого афебриллитета (≤ 37 °C) в течение ≥ 3 суток. Оценивали клиническую эффективность, комплаентность, частоту нежелательных явлений (НЯ), переносимость, удобство приема препарата. В исследование был включен 81 пациент: 56 (69,1 %) с ВП,
25 (30,9 %) с ОТФ. Средняя продолжительность заболевания до момента обращения за медицинской помощью составила 4,6 ± 3,5 дня
при ВП и 2,3 ± 0,6 дня при ОТФ. Длительность антибактериальной терапии составила 10,9 ± 1,6 и 10,0 ± 0 дней соответственно. Все пациенты завершили курс антибактериальной терапии. Зарегистрировано 3 НЯ: дискомфорт в животе, нормохромная анемия, подташнивание. Ни одно из НЯ не потребовало изменений терапии. Комплаентность терапии в обеих группах составила 100 %. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о том, что новая лекарственная форма джозамицина у взрослых пациентов с респираторными инфекциями высокоэффективна, безопасна, обеспечивает высокую комплаентность и удобство приема.
Сравнительная эффективность стратегий достижения
контроля в условиях реальной клинической практики:
данные многоцентрового исследования СТРЕЛА
Authors: Огородова Л. М. , Белевский А. С. , Куликов Е. С. , Петровский Ф. И. , Деев И. А. , Чучалин А. Г.
Published: June 2021

Целью данного иследования было сравнение эффективности различных стратегий комбинированной терапии у пациентов с персистирующей БА в условиях реальной клинической практики с помощью теста по контролю над астмой (ACTTM). Многоцентровое
проспективное наблюдательное исследование проведено в 19 центрах России по единому протоколу. Статистический анализ эффективности проведен для данных, полученных от 543 пациентов. В условиях реальной клинической практики применение режима
ступенчатого увеличения дозы и длительной терапии > 6 мес. в стабильной дозе обеспечивает достижение критериев контроля
заболевания в 73,3 % и 69,4 % соответственно. При этом ступенчатое увеличение объема комбинированной терапии в 1,5 раза повышает
вероятность достижения контроля заболевания по сравнению с длительным дозированием в стабильном объеме и в более чем 5 раз -
по сравнению со снижением дозы либо переходом на другой вариант терапии.
Опыт применения фенспирида в раннем реабилитационном
периоде после перенесенной пневмонии у детей
Authors: Сорока Н. Д. , Коршунова Е. В. , Гомозова С. П. , Власова Т. Г. , Котельникова В. Н.
Published: June 2021

В статье представлены данные о заболеваемости пневмонией среди детского населения Санкт-Петербурга, определены особенности
современного клинико-рентгенологического течения патологии. Выявлена склонность к затяжному течению бронхолегочного
процесса у детей. Доказаны целесообразность диспансерного наблюдения после клинического завершения заболевания и необходимость патогенетического лечения до полного завершения бронхолегочного процесса в амбулаторных условиях. Обосновано применение и представлены данные клинического исследования эффективности нестероидного противовоспалительного препарата Эреспал
(фенспирид) в лечении остаточных пневмонических изменений у 44 детей в возрасте от 9 мес. до 16 лет. Показана высокая эффективность фенспирида при высоком профиле безопасности. Не выявлено лекарственного взаимодействия с другими препаратами,
применяемыми в комплексном лечении пневмонии у детей.
Клинико-метаболическая оценка эффективности базисной
терапии пациентов с хронической обструктивной
болезнью легких
Authors: Вахрушев Я. М. , Ермаков Г. И. , Шараев П. Н.
Published: June 2021

В амбулаторных условиях исследовали эффективность базисной терапии у 83 пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких
(ХОБЛ). Показано, что применение базисной терапии в течение 1 года способствует снижению частоты и продолжительности
обострений ХОБЛ. Наряду с положительной динамикой течения заболевания отмечено улучшение функционального состояния
дыхательной системы. Определение гликозаминогликанов, показателей обмена сиало- и фукозогликопротеинов в сыворотке крови
и сиалосодержащих соединений в назальном секрете больных ХОБЛ позволяет установить степень активности воспалительного
процесса в организме и оценить эффективность проводимого лечения.
Показатели контроля бронхиальной астмы у больных
с холодовой гиперреактивностью бронхов
Authors: Колосов В. П. , Пирогов А. Б. , Семиреч Ю. О. , Перельман Ю. М.
Published: June 2021

Цель исследования - верификация достижения и поддержания контроля над бронхиальной астмой (БА) у пациентов с легким и средне
тяжелым течением заболевания с позиции динамики клиникофункциональных проявлений холодовой бронхиальной гиперреактив
ности (хБГР) в ответ на монотерапию ингаляционными глюкокортикостероидами. У 145 больных, преимущественно (83 % случаев)
с легкой персистирующей БА, оценивали динамику уровней контроля над БА (GINA, 2008) на фоне 12 и 24недельного курса
стандартной базисной терапии беклометазона дипропионатом. В группе больных с хБГР (57 человек), верифицированной по данным
провокационного теста с холодным воздухом, контролируемое течение БА по завершению исследования было достигнуто в 18 %,
частично контролируемое - в 21 % случаев. Выявлена обратная корреляционная зависимость между критериями контроля над БА
и уровнем хБГР.
Цитокиновый статус рабочих как отражение восприимчивости органов дыхания к воздействию кварцсодержащих промышленных аэрозолей
Authors: Мазитова Н. Н. , Савельев А. А.
Published: June 2021

88 мужчин были распределены в следующие группы: 1�я контрольная группа (8 пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ), курильщики), 2�я контрольная группа (11 здоровых рабочих�металлургов) и 2 группы больных: хроническим профессиональным необструктивным бронхитом ( n = 33) и ХОБЛ профессиональной этиологии (ХОБЛ ПЭ) ( n = 36). Все рабочие имели профессиональный контакт с кварцсодержащими промышленными аэрозолями (ПА) на металлургическом производстве. Анализировались уровни интерлейкинов: IL�1β, IL�6, IL�8, фактора некроза опухоли, интерферона�γ, α1�антитрипсина, показатели вентиляционной функции легких. Обнаружена высокая вариабельность воспалительного ответа при ХОБЛ ПЭ, выявлен наиболее значимый предиктор ее прогрессирования - IL�1β, подтверждена зависимость "доза-эффект" между воздействием кварцсодержащих ПА и развитием ХОБЛ ПЭ. Полученные результаты показали примерно одинаковую значимость эффектов курения и воздействия кварцевой пыли на развитие профессионального бронхита.
Social Factor Effects on Linguistic Performance, Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence
Authors: Abdulwahid Kasmil Sahi
Published: June 2021

The main focus of this study was to determine the significant effect of social factors on linguistic performance, emotional and spiritual intelligence. The descriptive-quantitative method of research was used in the study. There were 110 students included as respondents that were selected through simple random sampling. The linguistic performance test, USM Emotional Quotient Inventory, and Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory served as instruments to gather data from the respondents. The data were analyzed through the use of t-test, ANOVA, and post-hoc. Based on the careful analysis, social factors affected students' linguistic performance, emotional and spiritual intelligence. The findings are summarized into the following: 1) There was a significant difference among the respondents' linguistic performance on students' family religiosity, involvement in the social group, and students' madrasah experience, 2) There was a significant difference in their emotional intelligence as far as students' family educational attainment, income, and students' madrasah experience, and 3) There was a significant difference on students' spiritual intelligence on their involvement in the social group.
A study of fetomaternal outcome in singleton pregnancies with cord around neck
Authors: Gahlot Ankita , Vyas Jyotsna , Himani Sunita , . Ekta
Published: June 2021

Background: Entanglement of umbilical cord around the foetal neck is a common finding at ultrasonography. A nuchal cord occurs when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the foetal neck by 360°. Nuchal cord is very common, with the prevalence rates of 6-37%. Up to half of nuchal cords resolve before delivery.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 women irrespective of parity with healthy singleton term pregnancies with cephalic presentation in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, SMS Medical College Jaipur. They were included in study after applying inclusion criteria and a written informed consent was taken. Strict fetomaternal monitoring was done during labour and data was interpreted in terms of percentage.Results: Out of 100 cases 71% delivered vaginally, 29% underwent caesarean section. None of the caesarean was done for cord around neck as the only indication. The indications for caesarean section were previous caesarean (34.4%), preeclampsia (13.7%), severe oligohydramnios (31%) and non-reassuring foetal heart rate (20%). Among the women who delivered normally, 53% had single loop, 29.5% had two loops, 14% had three loops and 2% had more than 3 loops. Among women who underwent caesarean section, 65% had single loop, 31% had two loops and 14% had more than two loops. Regarding neonatal outcome 9% neonates were admitted in NICU for reasons like meconium aspiration (33.3%), preterm (44%) and preeclampsia (22%).Conclusions: Cord around neck per se is not an indication for caesarean section and these cases can be delivered vaginally if careful intrapartum monitoring is done.
Impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume of surgeries and visits to a tertiary urology service
Authors: Leandro Plinio H. F. , Campos Tadeu J. F. L. , Martins Ana B. S. dos S. , Lima André C. M. , Rocha Marcos F. H.
Published: June 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused countries and various sectors of the society to initiate measures to prevent its rapid spread, and thus, numerous political and hospital authorities have adopted measures to care for affected patients, limiting the assistance of several hospital sectors, including the urology service of the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF).Methods: A retrospective quantitative descriptive study was conducted by analyzing the data of the years 2019 and 2020 (January to June) rescued through the Center for patient safety and hospital quality (CPSHQ) of the HGF, correlating them through methods and statistical and numerical analyses with the aid of Excel and Epi Info programs, to compare and observe the impact of the pandemic in the urology service.Results: A 26.23% decrease was observed in relation to elective procedures, 25.6% for emergency procedures, 16.57% for minor surgeries, and 46.44% for outpatient consultations when compared to the first semester of 2019 compared to that in 2020.Conclusions: It is clear that the pandemic has negatively impacted the volume of various HGF urological services, and new studies should demonstrate the consequences of the lack of assistance in the period described.
Clinical, endoscopic and radiological assessment of patients with obstructed defecation: findings and management at a District General Hospital
Authors: Qureshi Nafees Ahmad , Sabri Shariq , Zeb Ehtisham , Muhammad Karim B.
Published: June 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of clinical, endoscopic and proctographic assessment as well as clinical outcomes in patients with obstructed defaecation (OD). The study also examined correlation between clinical/endoscopic findings and proctogram in the diagnosis of rectocele and intra-rectal intussusception (IRI).Methods: Patients presenting with symptoms of OD between January-December 2018 were assessed with manual examination, endoscopy and defecation proctogram. Patients were followed for 2-3 years for clinical outcomes.Results: There were 65 female (97.01%) and 2 male patients (2.98%), with an average age of 57.77 (34-88) years. Main indications were OD, altered bowels, faecal urgency and rectal bleeding. A total of 67 X-ray defecating proctograms and 77 endoscopies were performed. Main findings on clinico-endoscopic examination were IRI (44), rectocele (36) and haemorrhoids (21). Main findings on proctogram were rectocele (59), IRI (56) and enterocele (13). Endoscopic assessment showed sensitivity: 55.93%, specificity: 62.50% and accuracy: 56.72% in diagnosing rectocele when compared with the diagnostic confirmation on proctogram. Combining manual assessment with endoscopic findings improved sensitivity (76.27%) and accuracy (68.66%). Similar improvement was also noted in the sensitivity (61.40 to 66.67%), specificity (47 to 58%), and accuracy (53.73 to 58.21%) in diagnosing IRI when compared with the diagnostic confirmation on proctogram. Majority of the patients improved with conservative measures; however, surgical intervention was required in 13 patients.Conclusions: Although manual examination enhances endoscopic assessment in diagnosing rectocele and IRI, proctogram is still required for objective assessment. Management of OD remains mainly conservative, with surgical intervention required in some patients.
Study of the effectiveness of laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis scoring system in the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis among patients presenting with soft tissue infections
Authors: Nayak Shreeniketan , Kattimani Prakash S.
Published: June 2021

Background: Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is an uncommon but life threatening disease with a high mortality rate. Delay in diagnoses and in surgery for debridement is associated with increased mortality rates. Hence here we would like to use this scoring system - laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) in patients presenting to our hospital with necrotizing soft tissue infection and if found to have good predictive values, it would be a boon to developing countries like India where the mortality of the disease is high (7% to 76%).Methods: Patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of soft tissue infection underwent clinical examination and basic laboratory investigations. Following which, information collected using semi structured proforma cum observational checklist. LRINEC scoring system applied to each of the study subjects at admission. The confirmatory diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis done on patients who undergo surgery vide histopathology, irrespective of the result of the LRINEC scoring system. Tissue cultures and sensitivity patterns analyzed.Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled. LRINEC score has an ability to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. High LRINEC score had more incidences of features of sepsis. Presence of the co morbidities tended to increase the LRINEC score. And defines patients with a high LRINEC score of >8 had higher mortality rate.Conclusions: LRINEC score is a simple clinical tool for the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. LRINEC scoring system and clinical assessment should be used concurrently for diagnosing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections.