bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the initial prestressing on the crack resistance of the self-stressed members reinforced with steel and FRP bars
Authors: Semianiuk Volha , Tur Viktar , Semianiuk Siarhei
Published: January 2019

Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) bars are widely utilized in the civil engineering practice and characterized by the number of advantages, among them are the following: high strength-to-density ratio; absence of corrosion; resistance to the negative influence of the different aggressive mediums. Nevertheless, a wide practical application of such a bars finds an embarrassment because of the law modulus of elasticity (in the diapason from 30 GPa to 60 GPa), that in its turn lead to the development of the excessive crack opening as well as deflections under the loading. To enhance structural performance of the FRP reinforced concrete members, pretensioning of FRP bars can be considered as a good option. Opposite to the concrete members mechanical pretensioning, physico-chemical method of bars pretensioning based on the self-stressing concrete utilizing is considered. Influence of the controlled initial stress-strain state obtained during early age concrete expansion on the mechanical resistance of the self-stressed concrete members reinforced with both steel and FRP bars was studied. Comparison of the prestressing effectiveness of the self-stressing concrete members with steel and FRP bars was performed. Proposition for effective utilizing of the FRP bars in the self-stressed concrete members was formulated based on results of the presented investigation.
Impact of truss girder geometrical imperfections on roof bracing load
Authors: Michał Piątkowski
Published: January 2019

The author has presented in this paper his own experimental research on the maximum value and distribution of load in transverse roof bracing caused by a planar truss girder with geometrical imperfections. The tests were performed on 7.0 m long test models of steel truss made of square hollow sections. The tests performed verify standard recommendations concerning adoption of uniformly distributed notional load of transverse roof bracing and confirm the relations indicated in the discussed literature. The experimental research results were cross-checked by relevant numerical analysis. A comparison of notional loads recommended by the standard and literature with test results was performed and conclusions were formulated.
The structural reliability analysis using explicit neural state functions
Authors: Dudzik Agnieszka , Potrzeszcz-Sut Beata
Published: January 2019

The present study considers the problems of stability and reliability of spatial truss susceptible to stability loss from the condition of node snapping. In the reliability analysis of structure, uncertain parameters, such us load magnitudes, cross-sectional area, modulus of elasticity are represented by random variables. Random variables are not correlated. The criterion of structural failure is expressed by the condition of non-exceeding the admissible load multiplier. In the performed analyses explicit form of the random variables function were used. To formulate explicit limit state functions the neural networks is used. In the paper only the time independent component reliability analysis problems are considered. The NUMPRESS software, created at the IFTR PAS, was used in the reliability analysis. The Hasofer-Lind index in conjunction with transformation method in the FORM was used as a reliability measure. The primary research method is the FORM method. In order to verify the correctness of the calculation SORM and Monte Carlo methods are used. The values of reliability index for different descriptions of mathematical model of the structure were determined. The sensitivity of reliability index to the random variables is defined.
Stiffness test in lateral direction of temporary wooden building supports
Authors: Gromysz Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

Temporary supports consisting of a jack, a stack of wooden cubic elements and a iron plate are used during the removal of buildings deflections by uneven raising. Where the weight of a building is rested on temporary supports with a considerable length, unintentional displacements of buildings in the horizontal direction are seen. The displacements are connected with supports deformations caused by horizontal forces acting on the building part being raised. Non-vertically installed jacks, being part of the supports, are the most frequent reason for the occurrence of such forces. The jacks are not vertical due to deformations in the stack of wooden elements, upon which they are rested. In such case, the stiffness of temporary supports is essential for the safety of the deflection removal process. Laboratory tests of temporary supports were carried out and they showed that their stiffness, understood as a horizontal force divided by a displacement in the acting direction of the force, is not constant. The stiffness of supports is decreasing as the displacement amplitude grows. A considerable decrease in supports stiffness was experienced when positive longitudinal deformations occurred in the cross section of the support elements. As a result, the unconnected elements of the supports were unable to transmit positive stresses of this number. For the investigated range of loads, the deformations of the material of the supports elements were elastic. Inelastic forces were however generated along the contact points of the elements forming part of the supports, and such forces were responsible for creating a hysteresis loop and energy dissipation by the supports. The system, when a full load-unload cycle was applied, was returning to the initial position. Higher values of the energy dissipation coefficient correspond to higher values of a displacement amplitude.
Analysis of the effect of load application eccentricity on the stiffness of supports consisting of stack of elements
Authors: Gromysz Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

During the removal of building deflections, temporary supports, consisting of a stack of repeatable elements, are used. Hydraulic jacks which force the vertical displacement of the building are used, as well. Depending on the phase of deflection removal, the entire weight of the building, or part thereof, is rested on temporary supports. As a consequence of inaccuracies in the installation of a stack of elements, the building weight is transmitted onto supports in an eccentric manner. In addition, the supports are loaded with horizontal forces. The forces result from the wind load, from kinematic excitations of non-axially installed jacks, from 2nd order deformations of supports and from exceptional loads. Deformations in the vertical direction, with a positive sign, occur due to the activity of the eccentric load and horizontal forces in the supports. However, the unbounded hexagonal elements forming the stack are unable to transmit the tensile stresses. As a consequence, the stiffness of the supports depends on the load. The stiffness of temporary supports in the horizontal direction was analysed considering the existence of unintended eccentricity and the horizontal load. A support model was defined for this purpose, whose material does not transmit tensile stresses. It was shown that the scheme of the support is changing depending on the application eccentricity of the vertical load and on the horizontal load value. Eight schemes were distinguished, which may be executed by a support. It was found that if the eccentricity and the horizontal load value are increased, this will decrease the support stiffness. This stiffness varies from zero, when a rocker arm is the support scheme, to the maximum value that is corresponding to the stiffness of cantilever rod. The analysis is limited to stocky supports by assuming that the load is much smaller than critical. Moreover, the influence of the support’s vertex displacement on the eccentricity was not taken into account.
Dynamic structural parameters verification on the example of theoretical analysis and in situ tests of suspension footbridge
Authors: Jukowski Michał , Błazik-Borowa Ewa , Bęc Jarosław , Bohatkiewicz Janusz
Published: January 2019

The 21st century is a period of rapid development of computer technology, which allowed designers to create complex, three-dimensional models of engineering structures. Thanks to these solutions, it is possible to perform complex analyses, for example modal or dynamic ones of cable-stayed or suspension structures. For such objects, verification of the correct work of structural elements takes place in the field of non-linear analysis. The presented paper is an example of a comparative analysis concerning modal and static analysis - Natural Frequency with Nonlinear Material Models and Static Stress with Nonlinear Material Models, carried out in the Autodesk Simulation Multiphysics program with dynamic in situ tests of a suspension footbridge. The main purpose of the research was to evaluate the value of pre-tension forces in the cables of the load-bearing structure.
All-GFRP footbridge under human-induced excitation
Authors: Stankiewicz Beata , Górski Piotr , Tatara Marcin
Published: January 2019

The dynamic behavior of lively footbridge is a complex problem. Recently there were numerous publications and recommendations related to the dynamic nature of footbridge. The complicated procedure which was set in a number of instructions and standards says nothing about actions aimed at avoiding critical frequency range in structure. In the paper, results of dynamic in-situ tests of cable-stayed all-GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) footbridge are presented. Fiberline Footbridge, located in Kolding city in Denmark, was constructed in 1997 using 12 different pultruded profiles all made of GFRP material. The dynamic characteristics as well as vertical response of the tested footbridge under human excitation are given and discussed. Firstly, in order to estimate the dynamic properties of the footbridge, a series of free-decay responses under human jumping were conducted. The fundamental frequency of the analyzed structure was within a critical range. A methodology for footbridge classification with regard to their dynamic sensitivity was worked out and the correlation between the structure's properties and its dynamic response under pedestrian excitation was formulated. It was found that the analyzed footbridge fulfilled vibration comfort criteria elaborated by technical guide Sétra, however, more restricted acceleration limits suggested by Eurocode were not met.
Analysis of the possibilities in railways shape assessing using GNSS mobile measurements
Authors: Koc Wladyslaw , Specht Cezary , Chrostowski Piotr , Szmagliński Jacek
Published: January 2019

In recent years, a dynamic development of satellite positioning techniques using both static and mobile GNSS coordinates register mode can be observed. In addition, still developing Real-time GNSS Networks, post-processing algorithms and another measurement signal analysis algorithms, make the satellite measurements increasingly used in railway industry sector. In the article the possibilities which follows from the mobile satellite measurements in railway engineering are briefly presented. In the years 2009-2015, the authors conducted a series of field investigations on operated railway lines. The obtained results of these measurements led to the development of a number of algorithms that increase the range of applicability of GNSS measurements. The analysis of obtained results also showed how the accuracy of the measurements have increased since 2009. The achieved accuracy has been increased due to a development of GNSS positioning systems as well as improvement of the measurement methodology, i.e. configurations of satellite receivers and layouts of their placement on a mobile measuring platform. It was also found that the development of data analysis algorithms contributed to the increase in the obtained accuracy in assessment of a railway track axis shape. The authors indicate the possibilities of applying GNSS techniques at various stages of construction and operation of railways. According to the authors, the most important advantage of both the presented measurement technique and computational methodology is the ability to effectively and relatively low-cost data acquisition regarding the existing state of the railway line. These data can be successfully used to design changes to the geometry of railway lines, and therefore satellite positioning has enormous application potential in the process of modernization of operated railway lines.
Implementation of Industry 4.0 in the belt conveyor transport
Authors: Fedorko Gabriel
Published: January 2019

Industry 4.0 is gradually penetrating into different industries that are starting to apply this concept intensively. This brings a wide range of options that need to be exploited effectively. The list of areas in which Industry 4.0 can find its use is expanding. At present, it can be said that there is practically no area in which this concept could not be applied. For its successful implementation, it is therefore necessary to look for application options and to analyze and explore individual areas. Belt conveyor transport is one of the domains that need to get ready for the implementation of the Industry 4. The implementation of the concept in this industry applies predominantly on the deployment of CPS' Internet of things and Internet of service in the operation of the belt conveyor and, consequently, the entire transport system. This paper presents the issue with a focus on the field of belt conveyor transport.
Determination of mining equipment motion resistance
Authors: Hrabovský Leopold , Janek Václav
Published: January 2019

The article presents the experimental measurement of the mining equipment motion resistance in the Mining Plant 1, the Lazy mine location district. The procedure of the experimental tests was as follows, one of the transport vessels was fitted with a weight of a known weight. The mining cage was loaded with the weight and pulled up in the traffic pit to the required depth, then the mining equipment was released and, using the IRC rotation speed sensor attached to the rope drum shaft, the travelled trajectory and the instantaneous mining cage speed were recorded with an indirect method. Upon reaching the speed of the transport vessels, a maximum of 3.15 m/s, the vessels were equipped with the mining equipment brakes and the transport vessels were slowed down to zero speed. From the recorded data in the PC memory, ie initial positions of both transport vessels, travelled trajectory and instantaneous speed values, the values were consequently calculated and added to the stated tables.
The use of the FMEA method for the evaluation of failures in crawler cranes
Authors: Strohmandl Jan , Tomek Miroslav , Vargová Slavomíra , Čujan Zdeněk
Published: January 2019

The use and operation of crawler cranes in the Czech Republic is dependent on the availability of several major producers (Liebherr, Caterpillar, Volvo, Sennebogen, etc.) and Czech producers (Unex Uničov with its successor ND LOR Uničov, Tatra and others). The authors of this article explain the problems of operation, repairs and risks of failures in specific types of crawler cranes supplied by Liebherr during their operation in the steelmaking company Třinecké železárny, a.s. and Trilet Ground Services, a.s., the company specialized in renting machines that are used for foundations of buildings. The article proceeds from the evaluation of the operational data of both delivered and repaired machines and the data obtained from the repair company needed for the commissioning of the serviced machine, as well as the frequency of repairs during the specified hours of work within the course of operation of the machines. The processed data serves as a basis for the evaluation of risk of possible failures when using machines. Risks are evaluated using the FMEA method.
Portal cranes with Tandem spreaders and their economic benefits
Authors: Široký Jaromír
Published: January 2019

This paper describes an innovative system of container reloading. The system involves Tandem spreaders included in portal cranes moving at the quay edge of maritime port container terminals. Thanks to the modern construction, it is possible to reload up to four ISO 1C containers at the same time, which not only reduces the reloading time, but also increases the reloading capacity of the terminal. The paper also discusses the economic aspects of the introduction of these new spreaders.
Experimental expression of the resistance of belt conveyor’s plough
Authors: Hrabovský Leopold , Kuľka Jozef , Mantič Martin
Published: January 2019

The article deals with a theoretical expression of resistances that occur in pushing loose material off the conveyor belt surface with a single-sided plough. The working branch of a belt conveyor is designed in a flat, single-idler arrangement. Theoretical prerequisites and derivations are practically tested on a belt conveyor model in the laboratory of the Department of Research and Testing of the Institute of Transport at the Engineering Faculty of VSB-TU in Ostrava.
Heat Treatment Effect on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Polymers
Authors: de Avila Eduardo , Eo Jaeseok , Kim Jihye , Kim Namsoo P.
Published: January 2019

PMMA, PC, and PEEK are thermoplastic polymers that possess favorable properties for biomedical applications. These polymers have been used in fields of maxillo-facial, orthopedic, intraocular surgery, and bio-implant, due to their excellent mechanical properties, osteoinductive potential, and antimicrobial capabilities. In this study, the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 3D printed polymers was characterized. By modifying printing temperature and post heat treatment process, the mechanical properties were specifically tailored for different applications, correlating with the properties of the implants that are commonly made using molding processes.
High-Performance Control Technology of Buck Inverter Used for Super-Precision Machining of Composite Materials
Authors: Chang En-Chih , Cheng Hung-Liang , Cheng Chun-An
Published: January 2019

An effective technique, genetic-feedforward sliding mode-fractional PI controlled buck inverter used for super-precision machining of composite materials is proposed. The obstruction using sliding mode control (SMC) is due to the strong chattering that severely limits its practical applicability. The chattering yields high voltage distortion in buck inverter output, thus degrading stability and reliability of super-precision machining of composite materials. The modification structure to fractional PI has been established through the plant extending way so that the chattering is diminished and better flexibility in adjusting system response can be provided. The feedforward compensator improves the dynamics response further. The genetic algorithm (GA) can be adopted for determining optimal fractional proportional-integral (FPI) parametric values. With this control technique, the TI microprocessor-based buck inverter is implemented, and then experiments illustrate that the presented technique produces less steady-state inaccuracy, chattering attenuation, loading interference rejection and parametric variation removal.
Disintegration and Recycling of Multi-layered Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites via Superheated Steam
Authors: Chan Chi Hoong , Wakisaka Minato , Nishida Haruo
Published: January 2019

To increase viability of recycling of robust and large-scale multi-layered glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRPs), disintegration of the multi-layered GFRPs and recovery of fibers/resin-derived materials were investigated using superheated steam (SHS) under normal pressure where a very quick heat transfer to GFRP was possible. The SHS treatment of 4 different types of multi-layered GFRP products were conducted at 350 °C in an oxygen-free environment up to 3 hours. The SHS treated GFRPs were easily disintegrated into each layer. The separated layers were divided into components: glass fibers, oligomers, and inorganic fillers after subsequent thermal and ultrasonication processes. Finally, clear glass fibers were recovered, and matrix resin was also recovered as soluble oligomers consisting of phthalates, glycols, and styrene units due to partial chain cleavage of cured resin. These results clearly showed the viability for the recycling of actual large-scale multi-layered GFRP products.
Preparation of hydrophobic nanofibers by electrospinning of PMMA dissolved in 2-propanol and water
Authors: Chang Hui-Yi , Chang Chao-Ching , Cheng Liao-Ping
Published: January 2019

In this study, we adopted rubbing alcohol (2-propanol/water = 7.8/2) as the solvent to prepare hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers (with submicron scale diameters) by electrospinning. In the literature, the general solvents, such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, toluene, etc., to dissolve PMMA are harmful and not environmentally friendly. 2-Propanol and water are both not hazardous to humans and the environment. PMMA dissolved in rubbing alcohol can be electrospun near room temperature. The solutions were heated at ~60 °C and allowed to cool to room temperature. Controlling the solution concentration and electrospinning parameters, fibers with diameters of 0.65~0.85 μm were obtained. The electrospun PMMA mats were hydrophobic with contact angles > 130 ° and showed good water resistance.
Simplified shear relaxation modulus function of HDPE for FE simulation in extrusion blowing process
Authors: Siripath Nattarawee , Thusneyapan Satjarthip
Published: January 2019

Attempts to apply finite element analysis for simulation of the final geometry from extrusion blowing process have been studied. One of the accuracies for the prediction is a suitable mathematical model of the thermoplastic during the process. Visco-elastic model is found to be a suitable model by many researchers. This paper simplified the shear relaxation modulus function (SRMF) which characterizes the high-density polyethylene in molten state. Instead of the series of five exponential functions previously used, our simplified-SRMF consists of one power function of temperature and time. The deviation of our model from Williams-Landel-Ferry model with KBKZ constants, between the temperature of 140°C to 200°C and time from 0 to 10 sec, is 9.3706%. When simulated on a bottle, our model has the final bottle thickness and time deviation from WLF-KBKZ model by 0.19622% and 3.07362% respectively.
Stabilisation with geogrids for transport applications – selected issues
Authors: Kawalec Jacek
Published: January 2019

Stabilisation is defined as improvement of the mechanical properties of an unbound granular material by including one or more geosynthetic layers such that the deformation under applied loads is reduced by minimizing soil particle movement. Paper discuss geogrids as type of geosynthetics which when used in stabilisation function for transport applications could provide real improvement in performance of aggregate layer. Such function has been called for a quite long time as the reinforcement of subbase, base or ballast, depending on the application
Fracture toughness of concrete with basalt fiber
Authors: Kosior-Kazberuk Marta , Krassowska Julita
Published: January 2019

The analysis of fracture mechanics parameters of concrete with new types of fibers is essential for the dissemination of their application and development of new methods of structural design.Fracture mechanics parameters are widely used to analyze the material behaviour and also in the design process of selected structures. The paper reports the results of an experimental programme focused on the effect of non-metallic (basalt) fibers on the fracture properties of concrete investigated in Mode I conditions. The changes in concrete properties were analysed on the basis of the critical stress intensity factor KIc, the critical value of crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) and the fracture energy GF. The addition of the basalt fibers had a slight effect on the strength properties of concrete but, at the same time, it had a significant influence on the fracture parameters by the modification of pre-cracking and particularly post-cracking behaviour of the concrete. Results of measuring the toughness and energy-absorption characteristics showed that the specimens reinforced with basalt fibers acquired a great ductile behaviour and energy absorption capacity, compared to ordinary concrete specimens.
Erosion problems of shore line and counter measurement by various geomaterials
Authors: Shin Eun Chul , Kim Sung Hwan , Hakam Abdul , Istijono Bambang
Published: January 2019

Coastal regions are vulnerable to erosion and depletion of land areas for human habitation and economic activities. A description of various types of the hydraulic structures associated in erosion protection applications are provided. Recently, because of the shortage of natural rock, traditional forms of river and coastal structures have become very expensive to build and maintain. Therefore, the materials used in hydraulic and coastal structures are changing from the traditional rubble and concrete systems to the cheaper materials and systems. Erosion problems in coastal zones are become increasingly serious due to the development of artificial activities related to the expansion of city functions, industrial complexes and harbour facilities, as well as the removal of sea sand for use in aggregate resources at the construction sites, which is a major factor in the inflow and outflow of sea sand. In addition, the environmental and economical importance of the coastal beach zones is increased. However, coastal beach zones are constantly eroded by waves accompanied with the rising water level due to storm surges, hurricanes, winter storm impact, and high tide. This erosion motion accelerates the regression of the coastal cliff due to the regression of the dunes or the shoreline. In addition, the regression leads to loss of real estate in the hinterland and ruins the shock-absorbing zone between land and sea. The application benefits for erosion protection are discussed. Several case studies are included.
Railroad ballast behavior in triaxial compression tests with and without geogrid
Authors: Petriaev Andrei , Ganchits Victor
Published: January 2019

This paper highlights recent laboratory studies at Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, using large-scale cylindrical triaxial apparatus, which helped quantify the geogrid performance in railway ballast. The triaxial shear strength tests were conducted on ballast with and without geogrid. Effect of geogrid layers quantity on the ballast stress-strain behaviour were studied. The experimental results indicate that the geogrids have improved ballast bearing capacity up to 25%.
System approach to operating transport structures geodynamic safety estimation
Authors: Bykova Natalia , Yashnov Andrey , Semenov Rudolf
Published: January 2019

The paper describes a system approach to operating transport structures geodynamic safety estimation and diagnostic methods for bridges in order to determine the parameters of geodynamic safety.
Block design of a wheelset for railway transport
Authors: Shiler Alexander , Shiler Valeriy , Galiev Ilkham
Published: January 2019

The paper presents an analysis of the features of geometric contacting of the rolling surfaces of a block design of a wheelset and a rail. The peculiarities of the contact slipping by the rolling surfaces of the contact stresses are considered.
The investigation of load-bearing capacity of soil base for oil pipeline depending on local geocryological conditions
Authors: Kudriavtcev Sergei , Kovshun Viacheslav
Published: January 2019

Weak thawing soils around the metal piles pose the main danger when constructing oil pipelines or other engineering structures located in the cryolithozone. The occurrence of ice inside soil causes thermokarst dips and settlement while thawing. High-precision calculations of the load-bearing capacity of soils and accurate forecasts of the amount of thawing in summer are necessary for improving the reliability of engineering structures. Thermopiles are used to prevent thawing of soils around piles and thermally stabilize the permafrost condition. In this article, one of such decisions is considered on the example of oil pipeline along «Kuyumba – Taishet Kozmino» route in Russia. There are permafrost and deformations of the soil body in the base of oil pipeline. The proposed method implies the joint operation of holding soils in frozen state with help of season-cooling devices or thermopiles. It was concluded that special geotechnical engineering for permafrost projects is necessary to avoid the main problems. In order to achieve the goals of the present investigation, the geotechnical software complex «FEM-models» with «Termoground» was used.
Hazardous hydrogeological processes in deep road trenching on the section of the Khekhtsir ridge
Authors: Kvashuk Sergey , Kulakov Valerii , Gilmutdinov Stanislav
Published: January 2019

During the construction of the motorway bypass of Khabarovsk on the northern outskirts of the Khekhtsir block rise, composed of strongly dislocated Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks, on the section of the Khekhtsir ridge watershed crossing in deep road trenching of rock formations, dangerous hydrogeological manifestations, threatening the normal construction and operation of the road, were revealed. By the special tests (well drilling, geophysical studies using the VES survey method, hydrometric measurements of the groundwater discharges in excavated cuvettes and wells slug-out test), it is determined that the hydrogeological conditions of the site are very complex, as the groundwater supply area is located in the watershed part of the Khekhtsir Range that is crossed by the road. According to the specific electrical resistance test in the upper part of the massive and to the depth of the geological section low resistances blocks corresponding to the fragmented rocks and watered zone were fixed.
Seismic profile solution under conditions of thawing permafrost with technogenic depression
Authors: Trapeznikov Vlad , Maleev Dmitry
Published: January 2019

The article given presents the results of geophysical research of the certain types of geodynamical phenomenon, which is generally located on areas with permafrost soil layers. The detailed description to the research methods of refracting interface of the technogenic thawing ground area under the conditions of flooded pressure by refraction and reflection methods is given. Setting of the problem and detection of the nature of the changes in the properties and configuration of the permafrost and thawed soil layers in the grounds of embankment is practically solved by the integrated application of seismic methods that in theory have different kinematics due to propagation of elastic waves and methods of interpretation the seismic profile.
SWAT modeling of the soil properties in GIS-environment: initial calculations
Authors: Dunaieva Ielizaveta , Popovych Valentina , Melnichuk Aleksandr , Mirschel Wilfried , Terleev Vitaly , Nikonorov Aleksandr , Togo Issa , Volkova Yulia , Shishov Dmitry
Published: January 2019

The problem of soil parameters modeling and input data preparation are considered in the article. The use of Soil and Water Assessment Tool was analyzed. The question of the soil water content and basic soil agronomic characteristics was considered. The SWAT project was created for the period of 2014-2017 years and could be prolonged. A soil map and cartographic information were digitized for the analysis of soil characteristics. An assessment of soils moisture absorption in different key areas was made in the course of the research.
High strain dynamic testing of driven piles during the construction of the bridge across the Kerch Strait
Authors: Glushkov Ilia
Published: January 2019

In accordance with the Russian Federal Target Program of Social and Economic Development of the Crimea and Sevastopol, a bridge across the Kerch Strait is being built now. Of course, such complex structures are significant for Russia. Solving technical issues at different stages of engineering investigations, design, construction and operation of such objects it is required to attract specialists from scientific, educational, design, construction organizations, and manufacturers of building materials, structures and equipment from different countries. Before the implementation of this project, more than 70 different variations of the construction of the transport crossing were considered. These are combinations of bridges (cable, arched, girder, combined, etc.), tunnels and embankments in four sections of the Kerch Strait. As a result of the multifactor analysis, the optimal variation of the transition through the Tuzla point of two parallel bridges of about 19 km in length, with beam spans of 55-64 m, arches with a width of 227 m and a height of 45 m in the navigable channel was adopted. The bridge clearance for passage of ships is 185 × 35 m. To design a unique and complex bridge under existing regulations, special technical conditions were developed. When piles were driven, there were difficulties and issues that required prompt solutions. Employees of the Department of Highways and Bridges of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University were involved in testing piles and hammers. The design of foundations and the technology of driving piles were changed as the test results were obtained.
Research on character of screw pile group composite foundation used in high-speed railway
Authors: Zhao Maocai , Zhang Lu
Published: January 2019

As a result of rapid development of a high-speed railway and infrastructure in China in recent years, the subgrade deformation and settlement control standards put forward more stringent requirements. Based on ABAQUS 6.14, established finite element model of screw pile group composite foundation. Then obtained the settlement, axial force distribution and pile side resistance distribution of center pile of pile group. Next design parameters sensitive analysis was made, such as pile length, pile spacing and so on, in order to obtain a reasonable design pile parameters by analysis of mechanical behavior.
New method developed for foundation strengthening in silty-clayed soils
Authors: Samokhvalov Mikhail , Geydt Andrey , Paronko Alexander
Published: January 2019

The paper describes the new method developed for foundation strengthening by a drill and inject pile with controlled widening on its end. The method aims at increasing the useable area of the buildings under refurbishment. This is achieved by developing the underground space and/or adding floors. In-situ tests were carried out on a construction site in the city of Tyumen in order to implement the method on an industrial scale. The in-situ tests resulted in determining the radius of the compacted zone of soil massif, the geometric parameters of controlled widening, the vertical and horizontal deformations of the soil massif in the pile area and the changed physical and mechanical characteristics. The article describes the production of a new method for reinforcing foundations in the form of a drill-injected pile with controlled broadening at the end.
Septic tanks for residential houses: comparative constructional requirements
Authors: Pavlov Sergey , Polyakova Valeria , Zhukova Maria , Matys Elena
Published: January 2019

In this work the main terms and conceptions are defined. There are a short description of operating principle of anaerobic septic tank, its application conditions, advantages, and disadvantages. This article also introduces requirements for anaerobic septic tank’s construction as one of the autonomic systems of sewage water treatment. Article contains the list of documents, which should be delivered with anaerobic septic tank. Article represents descriptions of septic tanks’ constructions, which are popular in Russia, with their cost, sizes and value of purification rates of grey water. This research includes conformance review of construction and documents, with the conclusion about the real opportunities and advantages of septic tanks, which are declared by its manufacturers.
Analytical calculation of the deflection of an externally statically indeterminate lattice truss
Authors: Kirsanov Mikhail , Komerzan Evgeny , Sviridenko Olesya
Published: January 2019

A scheme of a statically definable truss with additional supports is proposed. Derive formulas for the dependence of the deflection of the truss against the number of panels for three types of symmetrical loads. It is shown that for definite numbers of panels the determinant of the system of equations for the equilibrium of nodes degenerates. This indicates an instant changeability of the structure. To generalize particular solutions to an arbitrary number of panels, the induction method is applied. For this purpose, in the computer mathematics system Maple linear recurrence equations are constructed for the terms of a sequence of coefficients from individual solutions. The graphs of the dependences obtained indicate a nonmonotonic character of the solutions found and the possibility of optimizing the design by choosing the number of panels.
Thin-walled shell foundations
Authors: Pronozin Yakov , Maltseva Tatyana , Poroshin Oleg , Medvedeva Anna
Published: January 2019

The article presents a study of the interaction of strip foundations of multistorey apartment houses united by flat cylindrical shells with a ground base. The foundation of a 17-storey residential building has been taken as an example. The ground base consists of strong upper and highly compressible underlying layers. The use of traditional foundations under the specified conditions is hardly possible. The calculation scheme of the building and the stages of the ground foundation work are represented. Also, the researchers share the results of geotechnical monitoring in the construction process including observations of settlings at 25 points with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and measurement of layer-by-layer deformations of the ground base under the building to a depth of 10 meters from the surface. The diagrams demonstrate the actual settlement of the building with increasing load and layer-by-layer deformations of the ground base in depth are presented.
Determination of stresses in concrete lining with rock-bolt in case of exhaustion of rock-bolt supporting strength
Authors: Pleshko Marianna , Shornikov Ivan
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the solution of analytical problem of flat axisymmetric elasticity theory, when rock-bolt supporting strength is exhausted. Expression for determination of stresses in concrete lining is deduced, where pressure increasing at exploitation have regarded. This methodology can be used at blueprint stage and preliminary calculation during mining operations. Further evaluation of concrete lining strength and geophysical probe of rock is needed for the preliminary calculation.
Compliance of a rigid joint of a steel column of I-section on a rigid foundation
Authors: Morozovskiy Pavel , Kanaev Egor , Kryzhanovskii Nikita , Al Malul Rafik
Published: January 2019

The article considers the compliance of a rigid assembly of a steel column of a typical I-section under the loads of an eccentric-compressive load with a random eccentricity. A simplified scheme of pinching a rigid hinge is considered as well as its detailed version in which the rigid part of the rod is elaborated as a basement, foundation plate, cross-arm and anchor bolts with plates. The authors carried out numerical studies of this site using a computer complex Abaqus 2017. Analysis of the results showed that the inclusion of compliance at a sufficiently accurate numerical simulation gives the same value for compressive forces. Thus, this node can be considered rigid, and the coefficient of buckling is almost equal to the theoretical value.
The influence of disastrous floods on riverbeds processes in the Far East of Russia
Authors: Mahinov Alexey , Shevtsov Mihail , Tkachenko Alexandr
Published: January 2019

The article is focused on great influence of disastrous floods on riverbeds processes and repartition of water flow between distributaries in the Amur basin rivers. In the result of morphological analysis of the Far eastern riverbeds and their dynamics the places with the most intensive riverbed reformations were revealed. The intensiveness of erosive-accumulative processes caused by the Amur flood in 2013 was estimated. Some upper reaches of secondary branches and estuaries of large tributaries were recognized as zones of increased accumulative alluviums in the Amur riverbed.
Kinematical features of locomotion -basis of fish control management in zones of influence of hydrotechnical structures
Authors: Mikheev Pavel , Borovskoy Vladimir , Vanzha Vladimir , Belokur Kirill
Published: January 2019

The structural analysis of the locomotion of various fish species presented in this work opens the possibility to take a fresh look at the solution of the problem of controlling fish behavior in a stream - through the prism of the kinematic structure of vortex structures generated by fish in the course of their swimming by different styles. In the locomotion of fish, there is an analogy with the phenomenon of the superimposition of two "antagonistic" forms of the jet stream - the wakeful (behind the streamlined object) and the flooded turbulent stream.
Geoecological aspects of technogenic impact on the territory of raw materials production for construction
Authors: Lavrusevich Andrey , Abene Alisa , Lavrusevich Ivan
Published: January 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of inconsistency of needs of the modern stage of the life activity of human society and the possibilities of self-restoration of Earth's geospheres. The increase in the technogenic load and the rate of consumption of natural resources leads to a disturbance of the natural balance. On the example of territories of mining of non-metallic materials, it is shown how technogenic transformation of the natural environment provokes extensive negative consequences. As a result of the quarrying of non-metallic raw materials for the construction industry, the relief, microclimate, hydrological and hydrogeological regimes of the territories, the state of ecosystems, and the pollution of the environment are changing. In the vast territories of the deposits themselves and areas adjacent to them, dangerous exogenous geodynamic processes (suffosion, erosion, landslides, screes, etc.) develop. To preserve the natural balance, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring in the areas of deposits and introduce a system of recultivation measures.
Specificity of human capital in the conditions of digital transformation of business organizations
Authors: Polyanin Andrey , Golovina Tatyana , Avdeeva Irina , Vertakova Yulia
Published: January 2019

In Russia have emerged all the necessary prerequisites for the digital potential development and digital economy growth rates acceleration. The country has a sufficient intellectual and scientific base, supported by a good system of secondary and higher education. At the same time, the digital economy requires global production renewal, all levels staff retraining and rapid innovative management methods implementation. By all means in conditions of such economy highly skilled and highly paid personnel who has the opportunity to develop and to invest their human capital are certainly needed. The necessity to study the problems associated with the changes of quality of human capital influenced by the digitalization of the economy and determining the vectors for their solution is due to the discrepancy between the skills provided by the education system and required by the new economy, integration and globalization processes that dictate the need to search for modern methods, tools and management solutions for perfection of the formation system and use of human capital. Under the digital economy, the country's competitiveness is determined in the first instance by the accumulated and developed human capital, possessing various network and digital competencies at various levels: global, state, corporate and socio-individual.
Construction supervision during capital construction, reconstruction and re-profiling
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy , Yurgaytis Alexey , Babushkin Evgeniy , Zueva Diana
Published: January 2019

This article raises problems related to the shortcomings in the existing field of construction supervision and the relationship between participants in the construction process. An article dedicated to the implementation of comprehensive and comprehensive construction supervision at capital construction sites, bringing the construction supervision system to a standard that minimized the customer’s risks and minimized the number of errors in the construction industry. The aim of the article is to find solutions and ways to resolve problems, because of which there are many qualities, as well as the timing of projects for investment and construction activities. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the current situation and world experience, the main proposals for the improvement of construction supervision systems are presented.
Modelling of innovative environment of Industrial complexes due to neural networks and genetic algorithm
Authors: Sviridova Svetlana , Shkarupeta Elena , Dorokhova Olga
Published: January 2019

One of key factors of innovative development is the availability of favorable innovative environment, ensuring the transformation of ideas and developments into market products, introduction of these products into most important branches of economics and social sphere, as well as allowing saving the unique set of scientific and engineering schools. But the key problem for implementation of effective innovations is the absence of favorable environment and innovative climate, promoting creation of innovations, ensuring the growth of global competitive ability, labor productivity and life quality of population. Thus the formation and development of innovative environment as the most important condition for implementation of effective innovations represents by itself the actual scientific task, having significant national economic meaning. There are considered the aspects of use of neural networks of attractors and genetic algorithm for the processes of industrial complexes innovative environment modelling. Key problem of implementation of effective industrial innovations is the absence of the favorable development and climate environment, stimulating the creation of innovations ensuring the growth of global competitive ability, labor efficiency and life quality of population. Thus, the managing of development environment of industrial complexes represents by itself an actual task.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) in adolescents: therapeutic management
Authors: Amaddeo A. , Griffon L. , Thierry B. , Couloigner V. , Joly A. , Galliani E. , Arnaud E. , Khirani S. , Fauroux B.
Published: January 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adolescents is characterized by a predominance of OSA type 2 which is associated with overweight/obesity. The treatment of OSA in adolescents depends on the cause of OSA and its risk and / or precipitating factors. Adenotonsillectomy is the cornerstone of OSA treatment in case of hypertrophy of the adenoids and/or tonsils. An anti-inflammatory treatment has proven its efficacy in mild to moderate or mild residual OSA after adenotonsillectomy. Orthodontic treatments such as rapid maxillary expansion or jaw positioning are indicated in case of dentofacial disharmonies. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), is mainly indicated in type-3 OSA, which is associated with craniofacial or upper airway malformations or anomalies and should be performed by a pediatric multidisciplinary team having an expertise in sleep and OSA. Finally, maxillofacial or craniofacial surgery may be indicated in adolescents with type-3 OSA. In conclusion, the treatment of OSA in adolescents is based on the type of OSA, its severity and the medical characteristics of each patient.