bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Association between Spatial Distribution of Metal Mines and Disease Mortality: A Case Study in Suxian District, South China
Authors: Song Daping , Jiang Dong , Wang Yong , Chen Wei , Huang Yaohuan , Zhuang Dafang
Published: October 2013

Metal mines release toxic substances into the environment and can therefore negatively impact the health of residents in nearby regions. This paper sought to investigate whether there was excess disease mortality in populations in the vicinity of the mining area in Suxian District, South China. The spatial distribution of metal mining and related activities from 1985 to 2012, which was derived from remote sensing imagery, was overlapped with disease mortality data. Three hotspot areas with high disease mortality were identified around the Shizhuyuan mine sites, i.e., the Dengjiatang metal smelting sites, and the Xianxichong mine sites. Disease mortality decreased with the distance to the mining and smelting areas. Population exposure to pollution was estimated on the basis of distance from town of residence to pollution source. The risk of dying according to disease mortality rates was analyzed within 7–25 km buffers. The results suggested that there was a close relationship between the risk of disease mortality and proximity to the Suxian District mining industries. These associations were dependent on the type and scale of mining activities, the area influenced by mining and so on.
Crosstalk between Beta-Catenin and Snail in the Induction of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocarcinoma: Role of the ERK1/2 Pathway
Authors: Zucchini-Pascal Nathalie , Peyre Ludovic , Rahmani Roger
Published: October 2013

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an integral process in the progression of many epithelial tumors. It involves a coordinated series of events, leading to the loss of epithelial features and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype, resulting in invasion and metastasis. The EMT of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is thought to be a key event in intrahepatic dissemination and distal metastasis. In this study, we used 12-O-tet-radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to dissect the signaling pathways involved in the EMT of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. The spectacular change in phenotype induced by TPA, leading to a pronounced spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cell morphology, required ERK1/2 activation. This ERK1/2-dependent EMT process was characterized by a loss of E-cadherin function, modification of the cytoskeleton, the acquisition of mesenchymal markers and profound changes to extracellular matrix composition and mobility. Snail was essential for E-cadherin repression, but was not sufficient for full commitment of the TPA-triggered EMT. We found that TPA triggered the formation of a complex between Snail and β-catenin that activated the Wnt pathway. This study thus provides the first evidence for the existence of a complex network governed by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, converging on the coregulation of Snail and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and responsible for the onset and the progression of EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
The Biological “Invariant of Motion” vs. “Struggle for Life”? On the Possible Quantum Mechanical Origin and Evolution of Semiotic Controls in Biology
Authors: Balázs András
Published: October 2013

A novel, alternative and deeper view to the “selfish gene” paradigm is presented, describable as the “selfish code” frame. Introducing it, we put forth a quantum mechanical algorithm as a new description of the intracellular protein synthetizing machinery. The successive steps of the algorithm are, tentatively, semiotic constraints of the well-known quantum mechanical molecular “internal measurement” type. It is proposed that this molecular algorithm mediates a quantum mechanical time reversed dynamics with a primordial special version of this latter molecular measurement type (“mixed measurement”) as its origin. It is furthermore suggested that this intracellular regressive algorithmical dynamics is a component of biological “motion”, the other, strongly coupled component being the macroscopic phenotypic motion. The biological “invariant of motion” of this hierarchically coupled overall generalized dynamics is suggested to be the evolutionally converged invariant genetic code vocabulary. It forms, possibly, the underlying internal “driving force” of evolution, as being “struggle for life”.
Can Zoledronic Acid be Beneficial for Promoting Tumor Response in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?
Authors: Charehbili Ayoub , Fontein Duveken , Kroep Judith , Liefers Gerrit-Jan , Nortier Johannes , Velde Cornelis
Published: October 2013

The antitumor effect of bisphosphonates (BPs) is under increasing scrutiny. Preclinical and clinical evidence has shown that BPs might sensitize breast tumors to chemotherapy. Here, we present a review of current preclinical and clinical evidence for antitumor effects of BPs, and evaluate how BPs might play a role in neoadjuvant treatment of women with breast cancer.
Synthesis of Cycloveratrylene Macrocycles and Benzyl Oligomers Catalysed by Bentonite under Microwave/Infrared and Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Miranda René , Valencia-Vázquez Omar , Maya-Vega Carlos , Nicolás-Vázquez Inés , Vargas-Rodriguez Yolanda , Morales-Serna José , García-Ríos Eréndira , Salmón Manuel
Published: October 2013

Tonsil Actisil FF, which is a commercial bentonitic clay, promotes the formation of cycloveratrylene macrocycles and benzyl oligomers from the corresponding benzyl alcohols in good yields under microwave heating and infrared irradiation in the absence of solvent in both cases. The catalytic reaction is sensitive to the type of substituent on the aromatic ring. Thus, when benzyl alcohol was substituted with a methylenedioxy, two methoxy or three methoxy groups, a cyclooligomerisation process was induced. Unsubstituted, methyl and methoxy benzyl alcohols yielded linear oligomers. In addition, computational chemistry calculations were performed to establish a validated mechanistic pathway to explain the growth of the obtained linear oligomers.
3D FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF SLING WIRE ROPE IN LIFTING AND TRANSPORT PROCESSES
Authors: Kastratović Gordana , Vidanović Nenad
Published: October 2013

Paper explores some aspects of 3D modeling of ‘aircraft cable’ as mostly used sling wire rope. First, the 1×19 stainless steel core of ‘aircraft cable’ was investigated. The analysis was carried out by finite element method based computer program. The software used allowed two different types of contacts, including friction. The sling wire rope core was subjected to two different types of axial loading. The obtained results were compared with the solutions calculated from the literature (Costello 2012). Finally, using the advanced modeling techniques, the parametric 3D model of 7×19 ‘aircraft cable’ was analyzed using finite element method, in order to provide a better understanding and, hence, prediction, of the mechanical behavior of the sling wire ropes in lifting processes.
SHORT TERM TRAFFIC FLOW PREDICTION IN HETEROGENEOUS CONDITION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Kumar Kranti , Parida Manoranjan , Katiyar Vinod Kumar
Published: October 2013

Traffic congestion is one of the main problems related to transportation in developed as well as developing countries. Traffic control systems are based on the idea to avoid traffic instabilities and to homogenize traffic flow in such a way that risk of accidents is minimized and traffic flow is maximized. There is a need to predict traffic flow data for advanced traffic management and traffic information systems, which aim to influence traveller behaviour, reducing traffic congestion and improving mobility. This study applies Artificial Neural Network for short term prediction of traffic volume using past traffic data. Besides traffic volume, speed and density, the model incorporates both time and the day of the week as input variables. Model has been validated using actual rural highway traffic flow data collected through field studies. Artificial Neural Network has produced good results in this study even though speeds of each category of vehicles were considered separately as input variables.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Comarmond Cloé , Dessault Odile , Devaux Jean-Yves , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Isnard Richard , Koskas Fabien , Cacoub Patrice , Saadoun David
Published: October 2013

Objective.

Myocardial perfusion defects using scintigraphy have been frequently observed in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) without coronary stenosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate coronary microcirculation in TA using thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial scintigraphy and dipyridamole (DPM) as vasodilator agent.

Methods.

Twenty-five consecutive patients with TA were prospectively recruited. They were asymptomatic for cardiac issues and examined using 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy at rest and after coronary artery vasodilation with intravenous DPM. Factors associated with improvement in myocardial perfusion after DPM were identified in patients with TA.

Results.

Among 25 patients with TA, 21 (84%) had 201Tl myocardial perfusion defects and 4 (16%) had normal resting myocardial perfusion. Using a 17-segments model for quantitative image analysis, DPM significantly improved resting 201Tl myocardial perfusion in 14 patients (61%) versus 9 patients without improvement (39%). We were able to examine coronary artery stenoses in 11 patients, including 10 patients with thallium perfusion defects, and significant coronary artery stenoses were present in only 2 patients (18.2%). No significant difference was found in traditional cardiovascular risk factors between TA patients with or without improvement of myocardial perfusion after DPM. The absence of improvement in myocardial perfusion after DPM tended to be closely associated with specific features and prognostic factors of TA, such as aortic regurgitation at diagnosis, renovascular hypertension, longer duration of TA disease, and male sex.

Conclusion.

We found the significantly high prevalence of myocardial perfusion defects mostly improved after vasodilation with DPM, which may indicate the major role of microcirculatory dysfunction in myocardial ischemia in TA.
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) with Proteinuria: Clinical Features, Histology, Predictors, and Prognosis in a Cohort of 25 Patients
Authors: Kukuy Olga , Livneh Avi , Ben-David Aharon , Kopolovic Juri , Volkov Alexander , Shinar Yael , Holtzman Eliezer , Dinour Dganit , Ben-Zvi Ilan
Published: October 2013

Objective.

Reactive (AA) amyloidosis may complicate familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the prototype of autoinflammatory diseases. Thus, proteinuria in FMF is commonly viewed as resulting from amyloidosis, and kidney biopsy is deemed superfluous. However, nephropathy other than amyloidosis has been described in FMF, but its rate and distinctive characteristics are unknown. Our aim was to determine the rate and underlying pathology of FMF-related nonamyloidotic proteinuria and compare its clinical course, demographic, and genetic features to those of FMF-amyloid nephropathy.

Methods.

This study is a retrospective analysis of data from patients with FMF undergoing kidney biopsy for proteinuria above 0.5 g/24 h, over 10 years (2001–2011). Clinical, laboratory, genetic, and pathology data were abstracted from patient files. Biopsies were viewed by an experienced pathologist, as necessary.

Results.

Of the 25 patients referred for kidney biopsy, only 15 (60%) were diagnosed with amyloid kidney disease (AKD), and 10 were diagnosed with another nephropathy. The AKD and nonamyloid kidney disease (NAKD) groups were comparable on most variables, but showed distinct characteristics with regard to the degree of proteinuria (6.45 ± 4.3 g vs 2.14 ± 1.6 g, p = 0.006), rate of severe FMF (14 vs 5 patients, p = 0.022), and rate of development of end stage renal disease (73.3% vs 20%, p = 0.015), respectively.

Conclusion.

NAKD is common in FMF and, compared to amyloidosis, it is featured with milder course and better prognosis. Contrary to common practice, it is highly recommended to obtain a kidney biopsy from patients with FMF and proteinuria more than 0.5 g/24 h.
Electrical Resistivity Measures in Cohesive Soils for the Simulation of an Integrated Energy System Between CCS and Low-Enthalpy Geothermal
Authors: Cocozza A. , Ficarella A.
Published: October 2013

This work has focused on the possibility of being able to consider the behavior of the caprock, such as a layer of cohesive soil that absorbs and transfers the displacement due to the expansion of the aquifer subject to the action of the flow of CO2 at high pressure, but lower than the overburden of the geological formations overlying the caprock. Assuming a caprock saturated unconfined laterally, which drains over time overpressure neutral interstitial fluid present in the matrix of cohesive soils, it has been calculated at the rate derived from the elastic yielding of consolidation theory and compared this value with the one obtained by applying a coefficient of consolidation built on the theory of the “double layer”. This theory also known as the Gouy-Chapman (1910) was applied to the prediction of the behavior of cohesive soils where it conducted a micro-mechanistic approach. From the design point of view, the second part of the study simulate the possibility of combining in a single integrated system, the injection of CO2 in deep saline aquifers to generate a range of pressures that facilitates the upgrade of geothermal fluids from geological formations that constitute the caprock or any porous aquifers overlaid with the aquifer reservoir. The uptake of these fluids promotes dissipate excess pressure and at the same time the settlement of primary consolidation of the formations overlying the aquifer subjected to the vertical elastic displacement. Preserves itself, in this way, the balance of the system and shows how the CCS can have a double purpose: on the one hand reduce the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, and the other end to provide a energy contribution with the exploitation of a source of renewable energy.
Beyond Solo End-User Programming
Authors: Scaffidi Christopher
Published: October 2013

Many end-user programming environments are “reuse environments” that store and organize code so users can extend, adapt, and combine existing code. Yet to date, no well-validated, theory-based body of design principles exists for guiding the development of these reuse environments. The contribution of this survey paper is to identify relevant theoretical perspectives and candidate design principles by which these theories could be extended, adapted, and/or applied to the problem of understanding how and when end-user programmers reuse code. In particular, based on this survey, candidate principles are identified that (1) could be used to guide the design of environments for end-user reuse of code, (2) are grounded in theory, and (3) have preliminary empirical support. This contribution is beneficial because successfully applying these principles could increase the benefit of end-user programming by helping software engineers to deliver effective programming environments to end users.
Vector Operations in Neural Network Computations
Authors: Ishii Naohiro , Deguchi Toshinori , Kawaguchi Masashi , Sasaki Hiroshi
Published: October 2013

Nonlinearity is an important factor in the biological visual neural networks. Among prominent features of the visual networks, movement detections are carried out in the visual cortex. The visual cortex for the movement detection, consist of two layered networks, called the primary visual cortex (V1), followed by the middle temporal area (MT), in which nonlinear functions will play important roles in the visual systems. These networks will be decomposed to asymmetric sub-networks with nonlinearities. In this paper, the fundamental characteristics in asymmetric and symmetric neural networks with nonlinearities are developed for the detection of the changing stimulus or the movement detection in these neural networks. By the optimization of the asymmetric networks, movement detection Equations are derived. Then, it was clarified that the even – odd nonlinearity combined asymmetric networks, has the ability of generating directional vector in the stimulus change detection or movement detection, while symmetric networks need the time memory to have the same ability. Further, the vector operations in the neural network are developed. These facts are applied to two layered networks, V1 and MT.
Technology Intervention for the Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
Authors: Khan Muqeem , de Byl Penny
Published: October 2013

This paper presents the initial outcomes of a key scoping study undertaken to explore the role of augmented reality and motion detecting technologies in the context of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) for museums related environments. Initial prototypes are in the form of an interactive infrared camera based application for children to engage with an Aboriginal puppet. This scoping study is unique, as it tries to combine two extremes: the curation of historical intangible artifacts and their preservation through digital intervention. Heritage related intangible content is always restricted because of its non-physical nature and can never be fully embed in an environment like museums and related exhibitions. This paper explores alternative opportunities for knowledge transfer of ICH content that manifest with playfulness in order to elicit a deeper understanding of such intangible cultural artifacts. This study is complementary to multiple disciplines including heritage preservation, museum technologies and emerging interaction design.
LearnOnline
Authors: Baig Muzammil M.
Published: October 2013

Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) help the learners to take control of their learning. PLEs enable the learners to set their own leaning targets and manage their learning by communicating with others in the process of learning. As latest technological advancements have brought revolution in every field of life, so as in the PLEs. Modern PLEs are the integration of a number of latest technologies i.e. blogs, Wikis, RSS feeds, where content is shaped as per the individual needs and interests of the students. Focusing on these latest aspects of the PLEs, University of South Australia initiated a three year new learning platform project in 2010, called LearnOnline, which will replace the University's current online teaching environment UniSAnet. LearnOnline was launched with a vision to foster richer learning through promoting students' active involvement in their courses and involving the students in a deeper learning experience. LearnOnline is built on modular approach and consists of different components i.e. ePortfolio, Course Outline, Lecture Recording, Copyright Monitoring, Student Email, Assessment and Feedback, Virtual Classroom, Course and Teacher Evaluation. Each component is developed separately and is fully independent. This methodology is helping the incremental implementation of the LearnOnline. As soon as a component is completed, after testing, it becomes the part of LearnOnline. In this paper, the author explains the features and workings of LearnOnline in detail and also evaluates its design methodologies.
Argumentation-Based Learning for Communities of Practice
Authors: Karacapilidis Nikos , Tzagarakis Manolis , Karousos Nikos
Published: October 2013

Argumentation has been pointed out as an important means to foster learning. However, contemporary argumentation tools only poorly support the learning dimension. This is mainly due to their emphasis on formal models, which does not align well with the learning process. This article presents CoPe_it!, an innovative web-based tool that supports collaboration and augments learning through argumentative discourses. The tool provides the means to manage individual and collective knowledge by adopting an incremental formalization approach. The authors demonstrate the tool’s applicability to Communities of Practice and the authors discuss the potential of their approach in the context of e-Learning.
A Web-Based Interactive Questionnaire for PV Application
Authors: Dai Zheng , Paasch Kasper
Published: October 2013

Questionnaire is a fundamental method for investigation and research, but participants get tired about it, because of the impression of being long and boring, which causes low quality of research. The authors developed an interactive questionnaire as an effective method to involve responder actively. The development of this tool is dynamic process, which goes with a research project called Sunrise-PV. The project is led by the University of Southern Denmark and is collaboration between local organizations to popularize PV system in both residential and the industrial buildings. For such an innovative research, the authors adopt participatory design as research method to develop the research tool in several iterations. Moreover, the authors get a balanced perspective between user needs, market viability, and technical feasibility, which guide their research focus on the artistic and usability aspects, and also raise product concepts and the concern of technical issues.
Postglacial history of the bowhead whale and of driftwood penetration; implications for paleoclimate, central Canadian Arctic
Authors: Dyke A S , Morris T F
Published: October 2013

This report is the first to document changes in the summer range of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) throughout postglacial time. These changes are documented for the central Canadian Arc tic and are compared to changes in frequency of penetration of boreal
driftwood during the same time interval in the same area. The current and former range of the whale is governed by sea ice conditions. The postglacial period is here divided into four parts. ( 1) 11000-8500 BP: a large bowhead population extended in the summer from Beaufort Sea to Baffin Bay with
the first animals arriving in the central Arctic from Beaufort Sea while access from Baffin Bay likely was still blocked by glacier ice; no driftwood reached the central Arctic because meltwater driven currents created continuous outflow from the archipelago. (2) 8500-5000 BP: bowheads were excluded
from the central Arctic channels but small amounts of driftwood arrived, which indicates congestion by moving pack ice rather than by landfast ice; arrival of wood and increased sea ice congestion indicate establishment of an oceanographic circulation pattern similar to that of today. (3) 5000-3000
BP: bowheads from Baffin Bay reoccupied the central Arc tic channels either in lower number$ or less frequently than during the early Holocene; driftwood arrived in increased abun­dance. (4) 3000 BP-present: bowheads were excluded from the central Arctic channels during most summers but frequency of
driftwood penetration reached its postglacial maximum. Major moraine deposition (Cockburn, Flint, and their age equivalents throughout the Arctic Islands) occurred during periods of more open water. Periods of aridity (8500-5000 BP) caused slow glacier retreat.
Cenozoic foraminiferal assemblages of the Hibernia area, Grand Banks of Newfoundland, and paleoecological implications
Authors: Thomas F C
Published: October 2013

Cuttings samples from Cenozoic sections of six Hibernia field wells (Hibernia B-08, G-55, I-46, J-34, K-18, and O-35) have been analyzed for shelly microfossil content. The results indicate the presence of benthic foraminiferal zones representing Eocene to
Miocene sedimentation in most wells, and Paleocene levels in deeper sites. During the Eocene, all sites experienced a change in benthic foraminiferal faunas from a primarily agglutinated assemblage to a calcareous one. At most sites, the latter continued with some alteration through the Oligocene.
Miocene assemblages show inter-site variations, probably related to environmental differences. Certain regional events such as an abundance of calcareous "balls", peaks of pyritized diatoms, and widespread microfossil pyritization are correlatable within these wells and to certain other sites in the
Jeanne d'Arc Basin. The relative thicknesses of series as defined by benthic foraminiferal zones tend to suggest constant sedimentation rates through the Tertiary intervals of these wells.
Paleontological evidence for marine influence during deposition of the Westphalian Coal Measures in the Gulf of St. Lawrence-Sydney Basin region, Atlantic Canada
Authors: Wightman W G , Grant A C , Rehill T A
Published: October 2013

Coal Measures penetrated by oil and gas exploration wells in Gulf of St. Lawrence - Sydney Basin are a regionally mappable seismic facies. The broad extent of this seismic facies has prompted the speculation that it reflects cyclothem deposition, analogous to
cyclothem deposits of the Illinois Basin and Mid-Continent Basin region of the United States. This implies that the depositional cycles included periods of marine incursion. Evidence for such incursions, in the form of agglutinated foraminifera assemblages, has been reported from coal-bearing strata
of the Sydney Basin, Cape Breton Island. Similar assemblages have now been found in two offshore wells in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This discovery supports arguments for cyclothymic deposition, enhances the possibility of marine source rocks for hydrocarbon generation, and underlines the need for
review of the paleogeographic and depositional history of the Central Maritimes Basin.
Preliminary geological and geochemical results characterizing the mineralization processes in the Jubilee Pb-Zn deposit, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Authors: Fallara F , Savard M M , Lynch G , Paradis S
Published: October 2013

At the Jubilee deposit, the host Macumber Formation consists of four successive lithofacies: micritic, intramicritic, sheared and brecciated. The Pb-Zn ore minerals are always restricted to this last brecciated unit which contains fragments of sheared limestones.
We interpret the sheared limestones as calcmylonite and suggest that progressive shearing resulted in brecciation of this calcmylonite. Preliminary ë18O-ë13C results for the carbonate units and paragenetic phases from the mine area indicate that micritic limestones were stabilized under
warm, burial conditions. A biogenic carbon-rich system has influenced recrystallization of limestones during shearing, and has precipitated pre-, syn- and post-ore calcites. The Ainslie Detachment probably provided the necessary background preparation for Pb-Zn mineralization at the deposit, by
creating secondary porosity through brecciation and new channelways through faulting.
Lithology and preliminary paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Macumber and Pembroke formations (Windsor Group, Early Carboniferous), Nova Scotia
Authors: Lavoie D
Published: October 2013

The Viséan Macumber and Westphalian or younger Pembroke formations occur along the basal Windsor Group. The Macumber consists of a lower interval of lime mudstones overlain by graded and laminated packstones and wackestones. The lime mudstones were deposited
below storm wave base, whereas the coarser grained carbonates indicate rapid supply in a low energy setting. The overlying Pembroke shows a penetrative planar fabric associated with structural and recrystallization features supporting its mylonite interpretation. The Pembroke Formation is typified
by massive, clast-supported and unsorted breccias. Two types of breccia are defined: 1) a lower breccia is interlayered with the mylonite and contains mylonite fragments, indicating a tectonic origin for the breccia; 2) an upper breccia unconform- ably overlies the first one with fragments of the
lower breccia, reddish siliciclastic infillings and gravitational cements suggesting a late solution collapse karstic origin for this breccia.
Late Devonian-earliest Carboniferous basin formation and relationship to plutonism, Cobequid Highlands, Nova Scotia
Authors: Piper D J W
Published: October 2013

Upper Devonian-lower Carboniferous basin sediments in the Cobequid Highlands with Horton Group affinities have been re-examined. The Rapid Brook and Greville River Formations are respectively proximal and distal facies of a single alluvial
fan-fluviatile-lacustrine unit. Similar facies occur south of the North River Pluton, north of the Pleasant Hills pluton, and in the Tournaisian Nuttby Formation. Oldest conglomerates contain clasts of undeformed granite, higher conglomerates contain rhyolites and foliated granites, and locally the
conglomerates are intruded by granite veins. Reconnaisance work on the Fountain Lake Group of the eastern Cobequid Highlands shows that the Diamond Brook Formation underlies (rather than overlies) the Byers Brook Formation and was tilted to near vertical before intrusion of the earliest
Carboniferous plutons. This sequence records major late Devonian basin subsidence. Early Carboniferous basins developed in response to thrust and collapse structures associated with forceful intrusion of granites along the Cobequid Fault zone.
National gravity survey program of the Geological Survey of Canada, 1993-94
Authors: Hearty D B , Gibb R A
Published: October 2013

Three gravity surveys were completed under the national gravity survey program in 1993; two were reconnaissance surveys located in the southern Yukon Territory and northwestern British Columbia, and in Coronation Gulf in the Arctic, and one was a detail gravity
survey on two ice caps on Baffin Island. Approximately 1800 new gravity stations were added to the National Gravity Database and two Open File gravity maps were produced as a result of these surveys. An international co-operative project to compile and adjust the national gravity networks for Brazil
and Uruguay was completed with funding support from the Pan American Institute for Geography and History (PAIGH).
Mineralogical and geochemical analyses of the Crowsnest Volcanics, southwest Alberta
Authors: Bégin N J , Beiersdorfer R E , Ghent E D
Published: October 2013

The analcime-phyric rocks of the Crowsnest volcanics are dominated by breccias and epiclastic rocks. Igneous phenocrysts consist of sanidine feldspar, analcime, melanite-garnet, pyroxene, and titanite in a matrix with trachytic alignment of albite and sanidine
laths. The Crowsnest Volcanics are altered to zeolite facies and contain veins of analcime±quartz, amygdular prehnite, and pore-filling cement of laumontite. The matrix is recrystallized to quartz, adularia, albite, and chlorite. Calcite veining and pseudomorphs over igneous minerals are also
common. The veinal nature of the analcime is interpreted as a product of metamorphic alteration, as opposed to an igneous product. Physical conditions for this metamorphism are constrained by the stability of the zeolite minerals, at 1 to 3 kbar and 180 to 300°C. The potential for economic
mineralization is low. Except for mafic inclusions, oxide and sulphide minerals are rare in the Crowsnest Volcanics. XRF whole rock chemistry shows that base metals content is very low.
Effects of limnological variation on element distribution in lake sediments from Tatin Lake, central British Columbia - implications for the use of lake sediment data in exploration and environmental studies
Authors: Friske P W B
Published: October 2013

Three lake sediment cores were collected from Tatin Lake to evaluate the effects of changing limnological conditions on the distribution of trace metals in lake sediments. Two cores were taken from sites where the hypolimnion was relatively oxygenated and the
third from a sub-basin where distinctly anoxic conditions existed.
Sediments deposited in the relatively oxidizing environments have significant enrichments of Fe and Mn in the surface sediments due to diagenetic cycling. Vertical trends in As, Co and Ni are similar to Fe and Mn, suggesting co-migration and enrichment of these elements during diagenesis.
Concentrations of Cu, Cr, Mo, Sr, V and Zn are not significantly different in the surface sediments compared to the background sediments.
Limnological variations are a significant factor in controlling the accumulation and preservation of trace metals in lake sediments. The usefulness of lake sediment data, whether for exploration or environmental purposes, could be enhanced by evaluating it in the context of limnological
information.
Age and stratigraphy of the Cass Fjord Formation, Arctic Canada
Authors: de Freitas T , Fritz W H
Published: October 2013

Numerous Cambrian trilobites indicate a Late Cambrian age for the Cass Fjord Formation. The formation contains two unconformity-bounded members, a lower siliciclastic-rich dolostone member and a microbial bioherm, mudrock, limestone, and minor siliciclastic upper
member. The contact between the two members is a hiatus representing up to four trilobite zones. The two members are completely exposed in east-central Ellesmere Island, whereas only the upper member is exposed in the western part of the island. In that area, the upper member is more than 1 km thick
and was deposited during a basinward advance of a carbonate ramp.
Stratigraphy and structure of the Glover Group, Grand Lake-Little Grand Lake area, Newfoundland
Authors: Szybinski A , House S , Jenner G A
Published: October 2013

The Glover Group comprises a lower Kettle Pond Formation characterized by felsic schists and an upper Tuckamore Formation consisting entirely of mafic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks. The boundary between the Kettle Pond and Tuckamore formations is drawn at the
highest felsic horizon. A prominent and widespread horizon of metaconglomerate (Basal Conglomerate Member), separates the Kettle Pond Formation from the underlying ophiolitic Grand Lake Complex. The structure of south-central Glover Island is controlled by complicated fold interference patterns,
resulting from the overprinting of D2-related folds by D3 folds.
Canada and Article 76 of the Law of the Sea: defining the limits of Canadian resource jurisdiction beyond 200 nautical miles in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans
Authors: Macnab R
Published: October 2013

Article 76 of the Law of the Sea permits coastal nations with wide continental margins to extend their jurisdiction over certain mineral and biological resources beyond 200 nautical miles, and to assume increased environmental and conservation responsibilities.
Existing data bases would appear to substantiate Canadian jurisdiction over about 750 000 km2 in the Atlantic, and 500 000 km2 in the Arctic. A strategic program for acquiring new data could strengthen and maximize these claims, in which case the total area of jurisdiction beyond 200 nm under the
Law of the Sea could potentially equal the three Prairie Provinces combined.
Current indications are that the zone defined by Article 76 in the Atlantic would hold significant potential for gas, oil, and gas hydrates; less is known about the fishery potential of sedentary species identified under Article 76. Information about most Arctic resources is inadequate for a
reliable assessment of their potential, although the outlook for gas and oil appears generally favourable.
Geology near Fort St. James, central British Columbia
Authors: Struik L C , Floriet C , Cordey F
Published: October 2013

The Cache Creek Group rocks of the Fort St. James area (93K) have been differentiated into Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic suites. The Mesozoic rocks include greywacke, siltstone, argillite, limestone, and basalt tuff previously mapped as part of the Takla Group.
Fine grained clastic rocks west of Stuart Lake may also be mainly of Triassic and possibly Early Jurassic age. The Cache Creek limestone (here called Mount Pope sequence limestone) is probably thrust onto Triassic ribbon cherts.
Conodont biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and correlation of the Cache Creek Group near Fort St. James, British Columbia
Authors: Orchard M J , Struik L C
Published: October 2013

An extensive north-northwestward trending belt of Cache Creek Group limestone in the central Canadian Cordillera has been re-examined near Fort St. James. These carbonates are informally referred to the Mount Pope sequence. New conodont fauna extracted from these
rocks are largely Upper Carboniferous (Bashkirian and Moscovian) with some Triassic (Norian) fauna recovered from chert. The youngest conodonts recovered to date from the massive limestones are very similar to those from the northern Cache Creek Group, but are slightly older than the oldest known
conodonts from the type area in southern B.C. Although much of the fauna from the limestones of Mount Pope sequence is shallow water in origin, conodont biofacies and lithological features suggest that much of the macroscopic bioclastic material has been transported into the basin and deposited in
laminar beds that accumulated in deeper water adjacent to the carbonate buildup.
A re-evaluation of the paleoglaciology of the maximum continental and montane advances, southwestern Alberta
Authors: Jackson L E , Little E C , Leboe E R , Holme P H
Published: October 2013

Controversy over the age of the maximum known advances of continental and montane glaciers in southwestern Alberta rests largely on the paleoglaciology of the maximum montane piedmont glacier. Reconstruction of it, based upon features that mark the former glacier
surface in the Foothills, indicate that the glacier had a maximum surface gradient of 0.4-0.6þ þ less than half the value assumed by previous workers. The continental ice sheet that was roughly coeval with the piedmont glacier and coalesced with it in the Foothills. Paleoglaciological evidence
favours a Late Wisconsinan age for maximum extent of continental and montane ice.
Efficient mass calibration of magnetic sector mass spectrometers
Authors: Roddick J C
Published: October 2013

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers used for automatic acquisition of precise isotopic data are usually controlled with Hall probes and software that uses polynomial equations to define and calibrate the mass-field relations required for mass focusing. This
procedure requires a number of reference masses and careful tuning to define and maintain an accurate mass calibration. A simplified equation is presented and applied to several different magnetically controlled mass spectrometers. The equation accounts for nonlinearity in typical Hall probe
controlled mass-field relations, reduces calibration to a linear fitting procedure, and is sufficiently accurate to permit calibration over a mass range of 2 to 200 amu with only two defining masses. Procedures developed can quickly correct for normal drift in calibrations and compensate for drift
during isotopic analysis over a limited mass range such as a single element. The equation is:
P Field = A·Mass½ + B·(Mass)p
where A, B, and p are constants. The power value p has a characteristic value for a Hall probe/controller and is insensitive to changing conditions, thus reducing calibration to a linear regression to determine optimum A and B.
Preliminary U-Pb geochronology of the Hall Peninsula east of Iqaluit, southern Baffin Island
Authors: Scott D J
Published: October 2013

A corridor east of Iqaluit has been mapped and sampled for U-Pb geochronology; the initial U-Pb isotopic results of this study are presented here. At the western end of the corridor, an orthopyroxene monzogranite of the Cumberland batholith was emplaced at
1857+5/-3 Ma, and a younger garnetiferous phase at 1850+3/-2 Ma. These rocks intrude the central metasedimentary gneisses that were metamorphosed at ca. 1869 Ma; the metasedimentary rocks are interpreted as the northern continuation of the Tasiuyak gneiss of the Torngat Orogen. The eastern
metatonalitic rocks are Archean, with emplacement ages of ca. 2921 Ma, 2849+10/-7 Ma, 2844+6/-5 Ma, and 2797+27/-15 Ma, and record variable tectonothermal overprints between 1844 and 1736 Ma. Possible correlatives of these rocks in West Greenland and northern Labrador are
discussed.
U-Pb age constraints on the timing of deposition of the Waugh Lake and Burntwood (Athabasca) groups, southern Taltson magmatic zone, northeastern Alberta
Authors: McDonough M R , McNicoll V J
Published: October 2013

The Waugh Lake and Burntwood groups are dominantly metasedimentary sequences that outcrop in the southern Taltson magmatic zone in northeastern Alberta. The Waugh Lake Group, which forms a small outlier of lower greenschist grade sandstones, pelites, and
volcanics exposed in the footwall of the Andrew Lake shear zone, was intruded by 1.97-1.96 Ga plutonic rocks of the Colin Lake and Andrew Lake suites. Detrital zircon ages from a sample of Waugh Lake Group conglomerate and the ages of intrusions constrain the timing of deposition of the lower part
of the Waugh Lake Group to be between 2.02 and 1.97 Ga, which is older than previously inferred. Based on isotopic, geochemical, and stratigraphic considerations, the Waugh Lake basin is interpreted as a small intra-arc basin related to the Taltson arc.

The Burntwood group is a section of lower greenschist grade sandstones and pelites exposed in a small outlier on the northwest shore of Lake Athabasca. Detrital zircons from a sample of arkosic hematitic pebbly sandstone indicate that the Burntwood group is younger than ca. 1.92 Ga and therefore not
correlative with the Waugh Lake Group. On the basis of U-Pb data, locality, and lithological similarities, we propose reassignment of the Burntwood group to the Athabasca Group.
U-Pb zircon ages of Tetagouche Group felsic volcanic rocks, northern New Brunswick
Authors: Rogers N , Wodicka N , McNicoll V , van
Staal C R
Published: October 2013

Three U-Pb zircon ages of Ordovician volcanic rocks from northern New Brunswick are reported and related into a provisional stratigraphy for the internally imbricated and multiply folded Tetagouche Group. The 471 +5/-3 Ma feldspar-phyric dacites of the Spruce
Lake Formation mark the base of the Tetagouche Group, deposited in a Japan Sea-type back-arc basin. Elsewhere in the basin deposition commenced with the calc-arenites and shales of the Vallée Lourdes Formation, which are immediately overlain by the ca. 472 Ma quartz-feldspar porphyries of the
Nepisiguit Falls Formation. The association of these units to major massive sulphide deposits indicates that the economically significant syngenetic mineralization occurred early in the Tetagouche Group. The cessation of dominantly subalkalic felsic volcanism is marked by the top of the Flat Landing
Brook Formation at 466 ± 2 Ma, after which the alkali basalts of the Boucher Brook Formation were formed.
New U-Pb data from the Laberge Group, northwest British Columbia: implications for Stikinian arc evolution and Lower Jurassic time scale calibrations
Authors: Johannson G G , McNicoll V J
Published: October 2013

New U-Pb data from biostratigraphically well constrained strata of the Laberge Group provide insight into Early Jurassic magmatic and tectonic evolution of the northern Stikinian arc. Ammonite biochronology furnishes sub zonal resolution for coeval strata at two
U-Pb geochronology sample sites to the lower part of the early Late Pliensbachian Kunae Zone. A granitic conglomerate clast collected near the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian boundary yielded a crystallization age of 186.6 + 0.5/-1 Ma and indicates dramatic rates of uplift and pluton exhumation during
this time. A rhyodacitic lithic-crystal lapilli tuff yielded an age of 186 ± 1 Ma, indicating eruptive processes were continuing into the early Late Pliensbachian even as comagmatic pluton exhumation was occurring. These data shed light on magmatic and tectonic regimes during the Pliensbachian,
indicating a late phase of comagmatic arc building in the northern Stikinian arc followed by rapid tectonically-driven arc dissection. In light of the relative accuracy of these two U-Pb age determinations and their tight biostratigraphic constraints placing them near the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian
substage boundary, a reassessment of the current interpolated Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary of 187 Ma given elsewhere appears necessary.
‘And thou shalt teach these words diligently …’: Remarks on the purpose of the Heidelberg Catechism regarding its teaching nature
Authors: D’Assonville Victor E.
Published: October 2013

As is well-known, the Heidelberg Catechism (HC) has not only become one of the most important confessions of faith since the 16th century, it has also been a significant aid to catechesis, even to this day. In this contribution, the catechetical purpose of the HC is examined with regard to its origins. Three texts that accompanied the first editions of the Heidelberg Catechism in 1563 are scrutinised: two prefaces by Frederick III, and the Palatine Church Order. The youth as well as the rest of the congregation, should be guided in the fear of the Lord so that they may attain sufficient knowledge of and a living faith in the Lord of Scripture. The HC does not merely have theoretical purposes. Its contents and structure were carefully composed to teach the most significant parts of Christian faith in a short and simple way on a regular and frequent basis. This teaching is not only the responsibility of the church or minister, but also of the parents and the teachers. In this comprehensive approach to instruction in the Christian faith, there is no contradiction between Scripture as the Word of God and the HC. Hence, teaching and preaching the HC does justice to the command that the gospel should be proclaimed, preached, taught, learned and understood.Dit is algemeen bekend dat die Heidelbergse Kategismus nie net een van die belangrikste geloofbelydenisse sedert die sestiende eeu is nie, maar ook ’n buitengewone kategetiese hulpmiddel was en steeds is. In hierdie bydrae word die kategetiese doel van die Heidelbergse Kategismus onder die loep geneem met verwysing na die ontstaansgeskiedenis daarvan. Drie tekste uit die eerste jaar van die kategismus se 1563-uitgawe, naamlik twee verskillende voorwoorde deur Frederik III en die Kerkorde van die Palts word daarvoor ondersoek. Die jeug sowel as die res van die gemeente moet in die vrees van God tot voldoende kennis en ’n lewende geloof in die Here van die Skrif gelei word. Die Heidelbergse Kategismus het nie net teoretiese betekenis nie. Die inhoud en struktuur daarvan is noukeurig saamgestel om die jeug, sowel as die hele gemeente oor die belangrikste stukke van die Christelike geloof op ’n kort en eenvoudige manier asook op ’n gereelde basis, te onderrig. Die onderrig is nie die verantwoordelikheid van die kerk of die predikant alleen nie, maar ook dié van ouers en onderwysers. In hierdie omvattende benadering is daar geen teenstrydigheid tussen die Skrif as die Woord van God en die Heidelbergse Kategismus nie. Gevolglik laat die onderwys en die prediking van die Heidelbergse Kategismus reg geskied aan die opgawe dat die evangelie verkondig, gepreek, onderrig sowel as geleer en verstaan moet word.