bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perilaku Kewirausahaan Menentukan Keberhasilan Perusahaan
Authors: Perdanasari Puteri Riztin
Published: October 2020

Orientasi kewirausahaan (EO) tidak akan ada artinya jika tidak ada budaya manajerialyang baik. Orientasi Wirausaha (SEO) adalah aset penting yang tidak berwujud, sebab ia adanamun hanya bisa dirasakan lewat kedisiplinan perusahaan yang strategis. Studi ini (Khan &Bashir, 2020) menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dapat membangun hubungan yang baik denganpemangku kepentingan, dan dapat melibatkan mereka dengan lebih baik melalui relasipemasaran. Sistem pemasaran yang baik pada perusahaan mampu memahami lingkungan,mencapai misi sosial, meningkatkan pendapatan, bahkan dapat menjadi sebuah donatur melaluipelayanan prima kepada organisasi nirlaba yang membutuhkan support. Demikian pula,perusahaan yang kurang bonafit dalam orientasi kewirausahaan tidak akan dapat menyelesaikanmasalah sosial dengan inovasi, akan kurang paham siklus pasar, dan mungkin tidak dapatmencapai tujuan sosial secara efektif
Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds
Authors: Vanos Jennifer , Grundstein Andrew
Published: October 2020

Context: Many organizations associated with sports medicine recommend using wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)-based activity-modification guidelines that are uniform across the country. However, there is no consideration about whether the WBGT thresholds are appropriate for different weather conditions, such as warm-humid (WH) relative to hot-dry (HD), given known differences in physiological responses to these environments.Objective: To identify if regions with drier conditions and greater evaporative cooling potential should consider using WBGT activity-modification thresholds that are different from those with more humid weather.Design: Observational study.Setting: Weather stations across the contiguous United States.Main Outcome Measure(s): A 15-year hourly WBGT dataset from 217 weather stations across the contiguous United States was used to identify particular combinations of globe temperature, wet-bulb temperature, and air temperature that produce WBGTs of 27.9°C, 30.1°C, and 32.3°C. A total of 71 302 observations were clustered into HD and WH environmental conditions. From these clusters, maximum heat-loss potential and heat-flux values were modeled at equivalent WBGT thresholds with various activity levels, clothing, and equipment configurations.Results: We identified strong geographic patterns, with HD conditions predominant in the western half and WH conditions predominant in the eastern half of the country. Heat loss was systematically greater in HD than in WH conditions, indicating an overall less stressful environment even at equivalent WBGT values. At a WBGT of 32.3°C, this difference was 11 W∙m−2 at an activity velocity of 0.3 m∙s−1, which doubled for an activity velocity of 0.7 m∙s−1. The HD and WH difference increased with WBGT value, demonstrating that evaporative cooling differences between HD and WH conditions were even greater at a higher, rather than lower, WBGT.Conclusions: The potential heat loss was consistently greater in HD than WH environments despite equal WBGTs. These findings support the need for further clinical studies to determine the appropriate WBGT thresholds based on environment and physiological limits to maximize safety, yet also avoid unnecessary limitations.
The Expertise Paradox: How Policy Expertise Can Hinder Responsiveness
Authors: Pereira Miguel M. , Öhberg Patrik
Published: October 2020

We argue that policy expertise constrains the ability of politicians to act on voter preferences. Representatives with more knowledge and experience in a given domain have more confidence in their own issue-specific positions. Enhanced confidence, in turn, may lead politicians to discount opinions they disagree with, producing a distorted image of the electorate. Two experiments with Swedish politicians support our argument. First, we find that officials are more likely to dismiss appeals from voters in their areas of expertise, and less likely to accept that opposing views may represent the majority opinion. Consistent with the proposed mechanism, in a second experiment we show that inducing perceptions of expertise increases self-confidence. The results suggest that representatives with more specialized knowledge in a given area may be less capable of acting as delegates in that domain. The study provides a novel explanation for variations in policy responsiveness.
INDIKATOR KEBERHASILAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: PAVITRA POPY AMALIA
Published: October 2020

Dalam perusahaan tentu terdapatnya sebuah kinerja perusahaan yang menjadi tolak ukur akan kemajuan maupun kemunduran dari perusahaan itu. Dan juga terdapatnya berbagai macam aspek tolak ukur kinerja dalam perusahaan yang berbeda beda setiap tahunnya
KEGIATAN SENAM PAGI DI DESA TINO
Authors: Nengsi Surya
Published: October 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus ( KKLP ) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu ( s1 ) harus mengikuti KKLP.
AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is differentially expressed in lymph node metastases in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women (1). Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients diagnosed with cancer (2). Prognosis for patients with breast cancer worsens as the number of axillary lymph nodes with metastasis increases (3). We mined published microarray and multiplexed mRNA quantitation datasets (4, 5) to discover genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes, an early event in breast cancer metastasis. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding AXL when comparing lymph node metastases to primary breast tumors from women diagnosed with breast cancer. In primary tumors, lower expression of AXL correlated with decreased disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. AXL may be of relevance to processes underlying metastasis to the lymph nodes.
Firm Performance (Kinerja Perusahaan)
Authors: Pradhana Made Bagoes
Published: October 2020

Firm Performance (kinerja Perusahaan
DASAR PEMILIHAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Harisman Teguh
Published: October 2020

Agar metode yang digunakan terasa nyaman, menyenangkan di dalam proses pembelajaran dan membuat para murid selalu bersemangat untuk mengikuti proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, seorang guru Pendidikan Agama Islam haruslah memiliki dasar-dasar pertimbangan sebelum menggunakan suatu metode. Dasar pertimbangan memilih strategi dalam pembelajaran merupakan bagian penting dari strategi pembelajaran, sebab berfungsi sebagai landasan dalam menyajikan, menguraikan, memberikan contoh, dan memberi latihan kepada peserta didik untuk mencapai tertentu.
KESTABILAN KAPABILITAS & ASET MENJADI POROS PENGGERAK KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: PAVITRA POPY AMALIA
Published: October 2020

Guna mencapai adanya keberhasilan atau kesuksesan dari kinerja perusahaan ini tentu harus menguasai atau paham mengenai identifikasi terhadap kualifikasi yang menggolongkan berbagai tingkat keberhasilan dari kinerja perusahaan yaitu dari kestabilan baik pihak atau urusan internal ,maupun eksternal perusahaan tersebut
The natriuretic peptide receptor, NPR1 is differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and associates with patient survival.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States (1). We mined published microarray data (2, 3, 4) to identify differentially expressed genes in NSCLC. We found that NPR1 was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in tumors from patients with NSCLC as compared to the lung. NPR1 expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC tumors as compared to the lung, and lower expression of NPR1 in patient tumors was significantly associated with worse overall survival. NPR1 may be important for initiation or progression of non-small cell lung cancer in humans.
LAPORAN MINGGUAN KKLP
Authors: BANGSAWAN MUH.OGI
Published: October 2020

Kulah kerja lapang plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat inteakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karna, sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelsaikan study di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu (S1) harus mengikuti KKLP.
uts 2
Authors: nathalia alicia
Published: October 2020

Orientasi Kewirausahaan, dll
SEMINAR PROGRAM KERJA KKLP STIE STKIP YAPTI JENEPONTO DESA TOMPOBULU
Authors: Anriani Titik
Published: October 2020

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan program kerja yang akan dipaparkan oleh mahasiswa KKLP STIE-STKIP YAPTI JENEPONTO
Giáo trình Quản trị học trong toàn cầu hoá. Globalization of management
Authors: Huan Dao Duy
Published: October 2020

Globalization of management
Giáo trình Quản trị chiến lược (lý thuyết và mô hình). Strategic management (theories and practice)
Authors: Huan Dao Duy
Published: October 2020

Overview strategies in management such as Porter's generic, Blue Ocean, PEST, SWOT, BCG matrix, SPACE matrix, GE matrix, International business strategy
TPACK to Classroom Teaching and Learning Process
Authors: Fajrianor Fajrianor
Published: October 2020

How TPACK supports the Classroom Teaching and Learning Process.
Soma ilimitada, subtração limitada
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: October 2020

Enquanto a subtração no conjunto dos ordinais transfinitos é limitada, a soma é ilimitada. Apresentamos este resultado e fazemos uma relação de um ponto de vista matemático-filosófico.
Be The Best
Authors: Kurniawan Jason Firstly
Published: October 2020

Entrepreneurial orientation adalah melakukan suatu pembangunan yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan penelitian dan pada umumnya penelitian ini daoat dukungan untuk hubungan positif dan berhubungan tenaga dengan sebuah kini
Hướng đến nền kinh tế tri thức ở Việt Nam. Vietnam's knowledge-based economy
Authors: Huan Dao Duy
Published: October 2020

Overview of Vietnam's knowledge-based economy
Be The Best
Authors: Kurniawan Jason Firstly
Published: October 2020

Entrepreneurial orientation adalah melakukan suatu pembangunan yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan penelitian dan pada umumnya penelitian ini dapat dukungan untuk hubungan positif dan berhubungan tenaga dengan sebuah kini.
MENGUKUR KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: mosse Michelle veren
Published: October 2020

Mengukur kinerja suatu perusahaan harus dilakukan agar perusahaan dapat menilai kemampuannya. Apakah kinerja yang dilakukan memiliki rencana yang tepat atau tidak dan juga untuk mengetahui sejauhh mana hasil kerja perusahaan yang telah tercapai apakah sesuai dengan yang diharapkan atau tidak(Hanuma,2011) Mengukur kinerja perusahaan hanya bisa dilakukanbjikankinerja yang diukur nyata dan dapat diukur. Jika kinerja perusahaan tidak dapat diukur, maka tidak bisa diproses. Cara perusahaan memanfaatkan sumber daya yang ada dalam periode waktu tertentu yang telah ditargetkan sebagai pencapaian tujuan perusahaan juga sangat mempengaruhi pengukuran kinerja perusahaan.Kebanyakan perusahaan yang ada saat ini mengukur kinerja perusahaannya dengan mengandalkan laporan keuangan. Namun banyak kesalahan yang terjadi jika perusahaan hanya menggunakan laporan keuangan sebagai tolak ukur kinerja. Sehingga diperlukan cara ukur yang menggunakan strategi dalam mengukur kinerjaa dengan tepat setiap tahunnya.
O princípio de reciprocidade de ações de Leibniz
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: October 2020

Uma lei de ação e reação universal rege os fundamentos das leis da natureza e de seus constituintes.
MUSYAWARAH RENCAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA
Authors: Anriani Titik
Published: October 2020

Acara ini dimulai dengan sambutan kepala camat rumbia dan beberapa tamu undangan yang hadir di tempat. Setelah itu, kepala desa Bontocini membuka acara musrenbangdes secara resmi. Kemudian sekretaris desa memaparkan rencana kerja pemerintah desa atau program kerja pemerintah tahun yang akan datang (2021). Setelah itu berdiskusi dengan masyarakat serta menyepakati mengenai urutan prioritas rencana pembangunan desa.
Tugas 2 UTS Adytia Reo 130119051 KP A
Authors: Reo Adytia
Published: October 2020

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The Measurement of Firm Performance
Authors: Catarina Nyoman Ayu Shandy
Published: October 2020

Membahas tentang bagaimana cara mengukur kinerja pada suatu perusahaan yang salah satunya adalah kinerja perusahaan berhubungan positif dengan ruang lingkup internasional melalui adanya chief global officers (CGOs). CGO berkontribusi secara positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan dan secara signifikan memediasi hubungan antara penyebaran penjualan geografis dan kinerja perusahaan.
Mengupas Sisi Pendekatan dan Ukuran Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Perdanasari Puteri Riztin
Published: October 2020

Mengukur kinerja perusahaan mampu melalui kompetensi teknologi baru yang berkelanjutan untuk menjadi strategi perusahaan yang penting agar mendapatkan kelangsungan hidup baru dan keunggulan kompetitif (Lee et al., 2021). Tergambar dari prinsip teori berbasis sumber daya, kami mengusulkan dan menguji model yang meneliti hubungan antara penerapan analitik data besar (ABDA) pada ukuran kinerja perusahaan (Qasim, 2020). Di era transformasi teknologi yang semakin meningkat, industri, pesaing, dan perusahaan menggabungkan platform untuk menciptakan metode unik untuk keberhasilan.
Perilaku Penting dalam sebuah Perusahaan (entrepreneur behavior)
Authors: huda Afan miftakhul
Published: October 2020

banyak sekali hal-hal yang dilakukan oleh sebuah perusahaan misalnya saja yaitu inovasi terbuka, yaitu adalah suatu proses mengkomersialkan ide-ide baru yang didapat dari luar organisasi. Tujuannya yaitu untuk menciptakan Kerja sama yang kuat untuk penelitian dan pengembangan, desain dan pengembangan produk baru untuk kepentingan bisnis perusahaan dalam kerja sama tersebut.
Giáo trình Quản trị học. Management Principles
Authors: Huan Dao Duy
Published: October 2020

An introduction to the principles of management
AKSI BERSIH DESA BONTOCINI
Authors: Anriani Titik
Published: October 2020

Karang Taruna Desa Bontocini bekerja sama dengan mahasiswa KKLP Yapti Jeneponto dan masyarakat memulai kegiatan pukul 07:30 pagi yang kegiatannya berlangsung selama kurang lebih 5 jam. Kami membersihkan 4 Dusun yang ada di Desa Bontocini. Kami menyapu, membuang serta membakar sampah yang ada. Setelah kegiatan selesai kami kembali ke rumah Kepala Desa sebagai titik kumpul.
Pembuatan tempat sampah
Authors: Jumrah
Published: October 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang di lakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karena, sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu(SI) harus mengikuti KKLP.
A Comparison Study of Photocatalytic Activity of Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 on the Degradation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenol
Authors: esmaeili narjes , pirbazari azadeh ebrahimian , Khodaee Ziba
Published: October 2020

In this work, pure TiO2 and binary nanocomposites of Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 were synthesized in order to improve photocatalytic performance of these samples for degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) as an organic pollutant. A range of analytical techniques including XRD, DRS, SEM/EDX, and elemental mapping were employed to reveal the crystal structure, morphology and property of the nanocomposites. XRD data demonstrated that the prepared samples are purely in TiO2 anatase phase and cubic spinel Fe3O4 exist in the synthesized nanocomposite. We calculated the TiO2 crystal size from XRD patterns, in the range of 8.35-11.09 nm. The presence of Ag, Fe, O, and Ti atoms in the synthesized nanocomposites was confirmed by SEM/EDX. We obtained 30.43, 32.02 and 42.40 % degradation of 2, 4-DCP (100 ml 2, 4-DCP 40 ppm and 0.01 g catalyst) for pure TiO2, Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2, respectively, after 180 min of irradiation under visible light. Similar conditions were employed for 2, 4-DCP degradation under UV irradiation, we obtained 53.05, 51.00 and 71.50 % degradation of 2, 4-DCP pure TiO2, Fe3O4/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2, respectively. Thus, the synthesized binary nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO2 under visible light.
National Security and Human Rights in International Law
Authors: Morris P. Sean
Published: October 2020

The post war-on-terror era has witnessed several developments in international law, including the nature and function of national security. This article establishes a link between national security and human rights by looking at some practical implications from a State policy perspective and theoretical views. Any discussion on the two distinct areas of ‘national security’ and ‘human rights’ are, of course, not equal. However, the discussions in this article relate to how international law interacts with national security over human rights given that national security relates to a State’s domestic affairs but with implications for the international legal system. Thus, through theory and practice, this article demonstrates that national security and human rights are unstable. This article addresses the question of whether national security and human rights obligations are in conflict or whether international law has been over-responsive or under-responsive to either human rights or national security concerns
Delay Discounting in Suicidal Behavior: Myopic Preference or Inconsistent Valuation?
Authors: Tsypes Aliona , Szanto Katalin , Bridge Jeffrey , Brown Vanessa M , Keilp John , Dombrovski Alexandre
Published: October 2020

Prior studies sought to explain the predisposition to suicidal behavior in terms of stable preference for immediate versus delayed rewards and have generated mixed evidence. We sought to understand whether suicidal behavior is characterized by true preference for smaller immediate rewards or by inconsistent reward valuation. 632 adults (suicide attempters with depression, suicide ideators with depression, nonsuicidal participants with depression, and healthy controls) completed a delay discounting task. Recruitment took place across three sites through inpatient psychiatric units, mood disorders clinics, primary care, and advertisements. Multi-level models revealed varying valuation consistencies among groups in all three samples, with high-lethality suicide attempters exhibiting less consistent valuation that all other groups in Samples 1, 3 and less consistent valuation than the healthy controls or participants with depression in Sample 2. In contrast, group differences in preference for immediate versus delayed rewards were observed only in Sample 2 and were due to the participants with depression but without a suicide attempt history displaying a stronger preference for immediate rewards than controls. The findings were robust to confounds such as cognitive functioning and comorbidities. Seemingly impulsive choices in suicidal behavior are explained by inconsistent reward valuation rather than a true preference for immediate rewards. In a suicidal crisis, this inconsistency could result in a misestimation of the value of suicide relative to constructive alternatives and deterrents.
Helter Skelter or All Together Now: Beatles songs associated with the last 2 U.S. presidents.
Authors: Rijkers Ger
Published: October 2020

With the aid of the Nexis Uni database of newspaper, magazine and online articles, an analysis was made of Beatles songs associated with either Barack Obama or Donald Trump. The Beatles song most often associated with Donald Trump is "Helter Skelter", for Barack Obama this is "All Together Now"
Under-reporting research relevant to local needs in the global south. Database biases in the representation of knowledge on rice
Authors: Rafols Ismael , Ciarli Tommaso , Chavarro Diego
Published: October 2020

Although the main bibliometric databases (Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus) claim to includejournals on the basis of scientific and publication standards, there have long been concerns thatits coverage is biased in favour of journals from industrialised countries and towards topicsrelevant to these countries. In this article, we investigate this claim for research on rice,comparing the database CAB Abstracts with the mainstream databases. We find clear evidencethat for a field such as rice, statistics based on WoS and Scopus strongly under-represent thescientific production by developing countries, and over-represent production by industrialisedcountries. More importantly, we also find a substantial bias in coverage of different researchtopics. WoS and Scopus have a ~75% coverage of publications in molecular biology and issuesrelated to consumption, but a much lower coverage (20-30% in WoS and 30-50% in Scopus) forresearch more directly related to rice production such as plant nutrition, diseases andcharacteristics. CAB Abstracts coverage is above 80% for all topics except consumption. Thestudy suggests that statistics based on mainstream databases provide a significantly distortedview of the amount of research and diversity of agendas in most countries. Given thatbibliometric statistics are often used for benchmarking and evaluation purposes, the databasebiases may translate into policy framings that undervalue domestic capabilities and researchagendas more attuned to local needs in the global south.
False beliefs can bootstrap cooperative communities through social norms
Authors: Morsky Bryce , Akcay Erol
Published: October 2020

Building cooperative communities has always been a crucial problem for human societies. Much research suggests that cooperation is facilitated by knowing who exactly is a cooperator and defector, and being able to respond accordingly. As such, anonymous games is thought to hinder cooperation. Here, we show that this conclusion is altered dramatically in the presence of conditional cooperation norms and heterogeneous beliefs about others' behaviours. Specifically, we show that inaccurate beliefs about other players' behaviours can in fact help foster and stabilize cooperation via social norms. To show this, we combine the population dynamics of a social community with the game theory of interactions within the community. In our model, individuals can join a community based on beliefs generated by public signals regarding the level of cooperation within, and decide to cooperate or not depending on these beliefs. These signals may overstate how much cooperation there really is. We show that even if individuals eventually learn the true level of cooperation, the initially false beliefs can trigger a dynamic that sustains high level of cooperation within the community. We also characterize how the rates of joining, leaving, and learning in the community affect the cooperation level and community size simultaneously. Our results illustrate how false beliefs in the presence of conditional cooperation norms can help build up cooperative communities.
“Let’s Not Pretend It’s Fun”: How COVID-19-Related School and Childcare Closures are Damaging Mothers’ Well-Being
Authors: Calarco Jessica McCrory , Anderson Elizabeth , Meanwell Emily Victoria , Knopf Amelia
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic closed schools and childcare centers across the U.S., forcing many parents to care for children at home. While parents generally enjoy time with children and want more “family time,” evidence also suggests that substantial, unanticipated increases in parenting time may negatively impact at least some mothers’ well-being. We investigate this possibility using surveys (N=139) and in-depth interviews (N=65) with mothers of young children in Southern Indiana conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). We find that mothers who have greatly increased the time they spend caring for their children also disproportionately report increased stress, anxiety, and frustrations with their children. Our qualitative data reveal that disruptions in childcare arrangements, particularly when coupled with intensive work pressures and/or intensive parenting norms, exacerbate the negative impact of increased parenting time on mothers’ well-being. Meanwhile, other mothers are not experiencing increased parenting time as a substantial source of stress, and some are even experiencing increased parenting time as a source of joy in otherwise difficult times. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on parenting and its impact on women’s health and labor force participation, as well as for policies to support families during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Network Analysis of the 2016 Presidential Campaign Tweets
Authors: Zinoviev Dmitry
Published: October 2020

We applied complex network analysis to ~27,000 tweets posted by the 2016 presidential election's principal participants in the USA. We identified the stages of the election campaigns and the recurring topics addressed by the candidates. Finally, we revealed the leader-follower relationships between the candidates. We conclude that Secretary Hillary Clinton's Twitter performance was subordinate to that of Donald Trump, which may have been one factor that led to her electoral defeat.
Unequal Experience of COVID-Induced Remote Schooling in Four Developing Countries
Authors: Hossain Mobarak
Published: October 2020

Lockdown measures during the pandemic have resulted in school closure worldwide affecting nearly 9 out of 10 students. Consequently, remote schooling has become a growing phenomenon. However, due to a lack of infrastructural capacity and widespread poverty, the experience of remote learning in developing countries may have been unequal by pupils’ socioeconomic status, gender and location. This study draws evidence from a phone survey conducted by Young Lives (YL) in Ethiopia, two states of India, Peru and Vietnam enquiring which sociodemographic groups are benefiting more from remote schooling. Logit regression results suggest that students from wealthier households, urban areas and with internet access from all countries are more likely to experience remote schooling. Pupils from higher-educated households in all countries but Peru also tend to have alternative schooling. Additionally, apart from Peru, the gender difference in experiencing remote learning is not found significant. We suggest that access to remote learning resources for marginalised students would be paramount to reduce inequality in learning loss in the global South.
"It's Real": Experiences of Family Homelessness in Fort Worth, Texas
Authors: Scheffler Bernie
Published: October 2020

Despite the common public image of homelessness (read: a single “vagrant” person), families with children represent one-third of the homeless population—an especially-serious social problem, since family homelessness has long-term negative impacts on two generations simultaneously. This interdisciplinary study examined the complexities of family homelessness in Fort Worth, Texas. A literature review outlined pathways into family homelessness, shared experiences, and common intervention strategies. An original qualitative study followed, employing a phenomenological approach to interview families in a local rapid-rehousing program. Open-ended question allowed free description of personal realities. Audio-recorded responses were analyzed for relevant themes, commonalities, and variations. Findings suggested that Fort Worth families’ pathways into homelessness are consistent with “life shock theory,” whereby those already financially-strained suddenly experience compounding stresses, leading to homelessness. The study found local and national experiences to be similar; however, it was limited by a convenience sample exclusively comprised of women nearing a housing goal, potentially coloring their outlooks. Finally, the study raised the question whether rapidly-rehoused Fort Worth families are well-positioned for stability. The similarity of participants’ concerns pre- and post-homelessness suggested that some families may transition to a status still “at risk,” rather than “stably-housed.” Considered in the context of previous research, findings supported further interdisciplinary inquiry into how longer-term, post-housing support might promote housing stability.
A global taxonomy of wildlife offences
Authors: Pascual Maria , Phelps Jacob , Wingard James , Bhatri Naila , Rydannykh Alyona
Published: October 2020

Environmental laws are ubiquitous, including to the field of conservation where they define how wildlife can be legally used, managed and protected. However, debates about environmental law regularly overlook the details within national legislation that define which specific acts are illegal, where laws apply, and how they are sanctioned. Based on a review of nearly 200 wildlife laws in 8 countries, we developed a taxonomy that describes all types of wildlife offences in those countries. The 511 offences are organized into a hierarchical taxonomy that scholars and practitioners can use to help conduct legal analyses globally, providing more nuance and facilitating like-for-like comparisons of laws across countries. This is significant amidst competing calls to strengthen, deregulate and reform wildlife legislation, particularly in response to fears over zoonotic threats and large-scale biodiversity loss. The taxonomy can be used to analyse legal reforms (e.g., new laws, deregulation, closing loopholes, harmonising legislation), or to establish international standards. For example, we apply the taxonomy to compare how 8 countries sanction the offence of “hunting a protected species”, to explore different scales and approaches to imposing fines and imprisonment. The taxonomy also illustrates how future legal taxonomies can be developed in the environment sector.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DALAM PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Zulfiyanda
Published: October 2020

Perjalanan sejarah perbankan syariah di Indonesia telah berjalan lebih dari 25 tahun. Usia ini cukup dewasa apabila melakukan penilaian terhadap perkembangannya, sehingga wajar dalam perjalanannya banyak sorotan dan pendapat dari berbagai kalangan masyarakat, baik positif maupun negatif. Sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah yang di dalamnya selain mencakup sistem bagi hasil juga mencakup sistem jual beli atau murabahah yang selanjutnya dijalankan oleh bank-bank syariah hingga saat ini. Di Indonesia, pembiayaan murabahah menjadi produk pembiayaan yang utama di dalam bank syariah menjalankan bisnis pembiayaannya, sehingga pengikatan pembiayaannya menggunakan akad pembiayaan murabahah. Pada umumnya perbankan syariah di Indonesia dalam menyalurkan pembiayaannya menggunakan skema akad pembiayaan murabahah bil wakalah. Untuk itu, dalam buku ini penulis ingin menjelaskan bagaimana prosedur dalam menyalurkan produk pembiayaannya dengan menggunakan akad pembiayaan murabahah bil wakalah sesuai dengan peraturanperaturan yang berlaku, sehingga terpenuhinya prinsip syariah.
An Assessment on the Constitution of Nepal 2015
Authors: Gautam Dilli Raj
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to critically examine the major features, strengths and weaknesses of the present constitution of Nepal (2015) applying the fundamental instruments of constitutionalism as a measuring rod. The Constitutional discourse of Nepal moved through seven Constitutions so far. It can be better linked to a laboratory of constitutional experiments of the constitutions of 1948, 1951, 1959, 1962, 1990, 2007, and 2015. The present constitution of Nepal (2015) was promulgated with the motive of political and social transformation strengthening democracy, human rights, ensuring equality, liberties and social justice to the people. In order to explore the features, strengths and weaknesses of the constitutions available texts and other materials on the constitution were collected first and then the content analysis method was followed to explore the major features, strengths and weaknesses of the constitution. Based on the analysis, dynamism and flexibility, comprehensive catalogue of fundamental rights and inclusiveness and proportional representation were found as the major features. Incorporation of adequate economic, social and cultural rights including group rights empowerment of women and minorities inclusiveness and proportional representation are the major attributes of the present constitution. In spite of popular acceptance of the people's verdict and wider inclusion of progressive arrangement the constitution still conceives some weaknesses on vague and clumsiness of preamble, disparity on citizenship issues and constituency delineations, enlistment of ambitious and unenforceable rights and composition of politically shadowed judiciary.
Nepal and India Relation After 12 Points Understanding
Authors: Dahal Girdhari
Published: October 2020

With multidimensional aspects, Nepal India relation is historical, social, political and culturally embodied. Both countries adhere to a unique relationship of friendship and cooperation characterized by open borders and deep-rooted people-to-people contacts of kinship and culture. Pedestal on secondary data this article aims to discuss the major developments in Indo-Nepal relation after 12 points understanding. Nepalese and Indian governments, in order to review the past treaties and agreements between the two countries, made EPG of four members each from both countries. Similarly, Nepal and India exchanged high level visits between them. Nepal made a new constitution in 2015 and promulgated it. However, India was not satisfied with some of the content of it, so India imposed unilateral blockade. Later, Nepal India relation was normalized, and again, Nepal and India have a dispute on Limpiyadhura-Lipulekh border. The vital concern is what has happened to the relations built on historical ties? This paper looks at the relations India once had with Nepal, and where it stands today. There have been many ups and downs in Nepal India relation after 12 points understanding and even during the present border dispute. However, all problems and disputes can be solved through diplomatic dialogues at various levels. Bilateral relations can grow further with unfaltering commitment to the doctrines of peaceable coexistence, sovereign equality, and understanding of each other’s aspirations and sensitivities.
Fundamentals of Provincial Governance in Nepal’s Federalism
Authors: Subedi Girdhari
Published: October 2020

The objective of this article is to answer the state of provincial states and the challenges faced by them, and to show the constitutional provisions for coordination, cooperation and coexistence of inter-provincial relations of Nepalese new federal set up. The provincial governments are facing lots of challenge including resource, proper policies, devolution of power and bureaucratic accountability and lack of intra-provincial coordination. The constitution stands on tri-pillar theory (cooperation, coexistence and coordination) to operate the holding together federalism in Nepal. In this article, an empirical facts and field observation of Gandaki Province have been analyzed. The writer argues that other provinces throughout the country have been facing the similar kinds of problems. During the writing, the facts were collected by inter and intrapersonal relations with the civil servants, provincial assembly members and various interaction programs with provincial stakeholders. But the core study area is Gandaki Province. The major finding of this study is that provincial cooperation and coordination is an essential factor to implementing federalism in Nepal. If the provinces failed to cooperate with federal government as well as intra-provincial government, federalism is hardly likely to sustain in Nepal.
Civil Society's Role in Operating and Managing Good Governance in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Kapilmani
Published: October 2020

Civil society is non political sphere and individual made voluntary organization widely understood as the space outside the family, market and state. It is associated for welfare of state on the ground of civic knowledge, civic education and civic virtue. Civil society works and plays its role in the democratic regime. Democratic regime operates on the basis of democratic norms and values. Civil society plays roles in the democratic society relating to maintaining, promoting and strengthening good governance. It plays various roles like participating, mediating interest, mobilizing counter knowledge, influencing policy making, building commitment for public good, giving impetus to community building projects, motivating citizens, government towards co-operation, etc. It can play the communicative role, protective role, control role, socialization role, service delivery role and the global citizenship role in different cases. Major areas of good governance are democracy, rule of law, proprietary rights, corporate governance, human rights, welfare state and labor institution. And in these areas civil society can perform their respective roles. In the case of Nepal some roles have been managed under constitution and statutory law mainly in good governance operation and management act. But these provisions seem inadequate for showing their role visibly. Maintaining good governance through properly implementing fundamental rights, government has not made effective laws yet. Nepalese parliament has promulgated the act named good governance operation and management act 2008. Here some provisions relating to civil society's role in operating and managing process has been mentioned. In this article constitutional role as well as legal role has been taken in due consideration because civil society's constitutional and legal roles have not been duly recognised yet. Thus the study has given emphasis on description and analysis of content relating to civil society 's role managed under the constitution and statutory law act. To draw the conclusion in this study descriptive-analytical and content analysis methods has been used and information has been taken from secondary method. constitution of Nepal and good governance operation and management act 2008 have been taken as major contents for analysis of civil society's role in managing and operating good governance in Nepal.
Federal Democracy Nepal: An Assessment of Two Years Democratic Practices
Authors: Chetri Than Bahadur
Published: October 2020

Nepal is on the way of institutionalizing federal political system. New democracy faces a number of challenges in institutionalizing. This paper, aims to understand the state of democratic practices and prospects of democracy in Nepal. It adopts political system approach and takes political ideas, power sharing, resource distribution, social identities, political values as independent variables and stability of democracy as dependent variable. It argues the prospect of democracy is uncertain. Country lacks several preconditions which are necessary for the success of federal democracy. Federalism is difficult to flourish in poor economy based society, incompatible political values, weak institution and poor governance.
Connecting ethnomathematics to the concept of positive deviance
Authors: Orey Daniel Clark , Rosa Milton
Published: October 2020

An impasse in mathematics education is related to its frequent lack of acknowledgment of local mathematical practices in its research theoretical basis. Pedagogical action of ethnomathematics aids in recording cultural-historical forms of mathematical procedures and practices developed by members of distinct cultural groups. Ethnomathematics is a form of push back from colonization without attempting to replace academic mathematics. Hence, a sense of insubordination triggered by ethnomathematics is creative and often evokes a sense of disturbance that causes a conscious review of rules and regulations endemic to many curricular and educational research contexts. This process enables educators and investigators to adopt positive deviance in developing pedagogical actions that deal with content usually disconnected from the reality of the students in order to deal with imposed norms and rules. Thus, positive deviance involves an intentional act of bending the rules in order to serve the greater good of the school communities.
Moments of critical self-reflection of a transformative mathematics teacher
Authors: Luitel Laxman
Published: October 2020

I have been travelling through a transformative research journey since the beginning of my MPhil study. It allows me to understand my past and present strengths and limitations in learning and teaching of mathematics, thereby envisaging alternative practices for futurist education. As my research involved critical self-reflection on my professional praxis, I used a multi-paradigmatic (interpretivism, criticalism, postmodernism) research approach and autoethnography as a research methodology. Thus, the main purpose of the paper is to portray the moments of critical self-reflection on my experiences of doing mathematical activities during my childhood and learning mathematics during my early days of schooling, aiming at improving my practices as a teacher, a practitioner-researcher and an educator.  I used Habermasian knowledge constitutive interests (i.e., technical, practical, and emancipatory) and Schubert’s curriculum images (i.e., content or subject matter, experiences, cultural reproduction, etc.) to interrogate my experiences of doing and learning mathematics. As a mathematics teacher and practitioner-researcher, reflections on my childhood experiences as well as early days of schooling ultimately opened up somewhat closed box of my personal and professional practices. This paper in/directly indicates the enhancement of the students’ engagement in mathematics through context-based activities. Moreover, the selection of the contents should be based on learners’ experiences which might be experienced through mathematically rich activities such as games, daily household works, etc.
Microbiological patterns of endophthalmitis in a tertiary level hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Smita , Manandhar Anu
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a serious ocular infection that can result in blindness and therefore is a major ophthalmic concern. The study was conducted to find out the microbial etiology in clinically diagnosed cases of endophthalmitis and to determine the antibacterial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates in vitro.

Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of all patients presenting between 15th January 2012 to 15th January 2013 with clinically diagnosed Endophthalmitis at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO). Intraocular specimens (aqueous or vitreous fluids) were collected from 102 patients. Along with intraocular aspirates, blood and urine specimens, chest X-ray from endogenous endophthalmitis and corneal scrapes from corneal ulcer leading to endophthalmitis were also collected. The intraocular specimens were then subjected to microbiological evaluation. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates were determined for different ocular antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion test.

Results: Samples from 102 patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis underwent microbiological analysis, of which culture positive 34(33.33%). Out of 34, 29 (85.29%) had bacterial growth and the remaining 5 (14.70%) had fungal growth. Most of them (40.8%) were secondary to cataract surgery(postoperative). A total of 29 bacterial culture reports, 72.41% were gram-positive and 27.58% were gram-negative. Streptococcus pneumoniae (37.93%) was the most frequently isolated organism. The antimicrobial sensitivity for isolates was as follows: Ofloxacin - 86.2%, Chloramphenicol - 82.75%,Cefazolin- 82.7%, Gentamicin - 75.8%, Ceftazidime - 58.6%, Amikacin - 55.17% and Vancomycin - 51.7%.

Conclusion: The data highlights low culture positivity and a predominance of gram positive bacteria as the major causes of infectious endophthalmitis, usually following cataract surgery. The most common isolate was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ofloxacin and Chloramphenicol demonstrated greatest efficacy against these bacterial isolates.
Language in Use: The Illocutionary Force of a Sentence
Authors: Poudel Ambika Prasad
Published: October 2020

The study and analysis of different aspects of language as an effective means of communication is the main concern of linguistics. Form, meaning, and function are some of the key aspects of language while analyzing the utterances used in communication or interaction. This article makes an attempt at examining the relationships between form, the physical appearance; and function, the illocutionary force of English sentences. This study adopted systematic review and content analysis as the methods in which conclusions were derived by synthesizing the examples and findings found in multiple resources. The conclusions drawn in this study were that forms are straight forward while determining their meaning is obfuscatory; and the relationship between form and meaning is arbitrary. When language is in use to serve communicative needs, there is often found multiple relationship between the form of an utterance and its function, the illocutionary act.
Measurement of Conductance of FeCl3 in Distilled Water at Different Temperature and Concentration
Authors: Yadav Chandradip Kumar , Yadav Brahamdeo
Published: October 2020

Precise measurement of the conductivity of FeCl3 in distilled water at 303.15 and 308.15 K temperature were measured. The specific conductivities exhibited a sharp increase with increase in concentration within the concentration range investigated (0.001 to 0.100 mol per liter. The decrease in the conductance with decrease in concentration is due to decrease in the number of ion per unit volume of the solution. Also decrease in conductance with decrease increase in temperature due to decrease in the speed of the ions.
Socio-Economic and Demographic Study in Majhi Community
Authors: Bimali Ganesh
Published: October 2020

Majhi community is completely soc- economically backward community. This article is focused on social-economic and demographic study in Majhi. The sample size is selected all (41) HHs of study area (ward no 4 and 5 of Aatharai Rural Municipality) by using census sampling. Both primary and secondary sources have been used. The open ended and closed ended questionnaire were designed to complete this study. The collected information were analyzed and interpreted with quantitative way by mean, ratio and percentage using SPSS (Statistical package for social science). The data were collected through head of household or responsible person of household. The Majhi people of study area have poor educational status, they changed their occupation boating, fishing to agriculture, foreign employment which changed their income level. Demographically, the numbers of female are more than male; life expectancy is very low due to few number of age over 60 and high number of less than age 15 population. The study help to find the real socio- economic and regional situation of Majhi people in regional or of specific area.