bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structure and electrochemical characterization of an isopolytungstate (W4O16) held by MnII anchors within a superlacunary crown heteropolyanion {P8W48}
Authors: Ibrahim Masooma , Mbomekallé Israël M. , de Oliveira Pedro , Kostakis George E. , Anson Christopher E.
Published: July 2019

The first example of an isopolyanion (W4O16) held by redox-active MnII anchors within an archetypal superlacunary heteropolyanion {P8W48}.
Fundamental electron-transfer and proton-coupled electron-transfer properties of Ru(iv)-oxo complexes
Authors: Kotani Hiroaki , Shimomura Hinatsu , Horimoto Momoka , Ishizuka Tomoya , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Yanagisawa Sachiko , Kawahara-Nakagawa Yuka , Kubo Minoru , Kojima Takahiko
Published: July 2019

Reorganization energies (λ) of electron transfer (ET) and proton-coupled ET (PCET) from electron donors to isolated RuIV(O) complexes were determined to be in the range of 1.70–1.88 eV (ET) and 1.20–1.26 eV (PCET).
Digging for topological property in disordered alloys: the emergence of Weyl semimetal phase and sequential band inversions in PbSe–SnSe alloys
Authors: Wang Zhi , Liu Qihang , Luo Jun-Wei , Zunger Alex
Published: July 2019

Given that recent search for topological systems has broadened to include alloys where symmetries are broken by substitutional disorder, we try to answer the question of whether topological properties can be preserved, or are modified in such alloys.
Study on the properties and self-assembly of fatty alcohol ether carboxylic ester anionic surfactant and cationic surfactant in a mixed system
Authors: Wu Zhifang , Li Yunling , Li Jun , Wang Mengwei , Wang Zhifei
Published: July 2019

Mixed system A12–14EC9E-Na/DEQ exhibits excellent surface activity, application properties, and interesting self-assembly behaviors.
Cation substitution enables the complete conversion of 1D perovskites to 3D perovskites for photovoltaic application
Authors: Wang Fuchang , Li Weiping , Liu Huicong , Zhu Liqun , Chen Haining
Published: July 2019

A cation substitution strategy has been developed to fabricate highly pure perovskite precursor and high-quality perovskite films.
Bimetallic Cu/Pd-catalyzed three-component azide–alkyne cycloaddition/isocyanide insertion: synthesis of fully decorated tricyclic triazoles
Authors: Shiva Kumar K. , Naikawadi Praveen Kumar , Jatoth Ramanna , Dandela Rambabu
Published: July 2019

The construction of fully decorated 1,2,3-triazoles has been disclosed via a bimetallic relay-catalyzed cascade process combining azide–alkyne cycloaddition, C(sp2)–H functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles and isocyanide insertion.
Benzocyclobutene-functional double-decker silsesquioxane: self-assembled hybrid resin for high-performance dielectrics and LED encapsulants
Authors: Hu Huan , Ma Jiajun , Li Xian , Yin Qiang , Fan Li , Wei Xuelian , Peng Qiuxia , Yang Junxiao
Published: July 2019

The optoelectronic industry is focused on developing new electronic packaging materials to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices.
Silver vanadium oxide@water-pillared vanadium oxide coaxial nanocables for superior zinc ion storage properties
Authors: Zeng Jing , Chao Kun , Wang Wenquan , Wei Xin , Liu Chenyang , Peng Hongrui , Zhang Zhonghua , Guo Xiaosong , Li Guicun
Published: July 2019

The Ag0.333V2O5@V2O5·nH2O coaxial nanocables with optimal ion/electron conductivity enable synergistic enhancement of zinc ion storage properties.
Utilization of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) for spectrochemical determination ofl-ornithine: a multivariate optimization-assisted approach
Authors: Aly Hend , El-Shafie Ahmed S. , El-Azazy Marwa
Published: July 2019

l-Ornithine was determined using NBD-Cl. A multivariate-assisted strategy was used to measure a single response as a function of five variables.
Study of the reaction of ninhydrin with tyrosine in gemini micellar media
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Rub Malik Abdul
Published: July 2019

The importance of the study increased due to the use of a very small quantity of gemini surfactant required to perform the reaction.
Low-cost and environmentally friendly synthesis of an Al3+and Mn4+co-doped Li4Ti5O12composite with carbon quantum dots as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Nan Hui , Zhang Yiming , Wei Haomin , Chen Huiyuan , Xue Caihong , Yang Guijun , Zou Shuai , Wang Gang , Lin Hong
Published: July 2019

To increase the specific capacity and conductivity of lithium titanate, low-cost and environmentally friendly carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were used to composite with Al3+and Mn4+co-doped Li4Ti5O12(LTO-Al/Mn) to improve its electrical properties.
Plasticity in colloidal gel strands
Authors: Verweij Joanne E. , Leermakers Frans A. M. , Sprakel Joris , van der Gucht Jasper
Published: July 2019

A colloidal gel strand deforming plastically prior to breakage.
Nanostructured polymers with embedded self-assembled networks: reversibly tunable phase behaviors and physical properties
Authors: Lai Wei-Chi , Hsueh Chi-Yuan , Chang Chun-Wai
Published: July 2019

Above the melting point of PEG, gel states were obtained due to the formation of DBS nanofibrillar networks in the PEG matrix, followed by liquid states upon further heating.
Effective and sustainable Cs+ remediation via exchangeable sodium-ion sites in graphene oxide fibers
Authors: Lee Heehyeon , Lee Kyungeun , Kim Sang Ouk , Lee Jae-Seung , Oh Youngtak
Published: July 2019

A monovalent sodium embedded graphene oxide fiber structure is reported for fast-acting and consistently reusable Cs+ remediation functionality.
Low-cost coenzyme Q10 as an efficient electron transport layer for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xie Lisha , Wang Jianwei , Liao Kejun , Yang Jin-an , Wang Aili , Deng Xiaoyu , Li Chengbo , Li Tingshuai , Niu Xiaobin , Hao Feng
Published: July 2019

Low cost coenzyme Q10 as an alternative electron transport layer with improved carrier injection ability, passivated interface defects and better stability.
Correction: Quad-rotor-shaped non-fullerene electron acceptor materials with potential to enhance the photoelectric performance of organic solar cells
Authors: Yao Chuang , Yang Yezi , Li Lei , Bo Maolin , Peng Cheng , Wang Jinshan
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘Quad-rotor-shaped non-fullerene electron acceptor materials with potential to enhance the photoelectric performance of organic solar cells’ by Chuang Yao et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9ta04084f.
A highly sensitive and selective two-photon fluorescent probe for glutathione S-transferase detection and imaging in living cells and tissues
Authors: Tian Zhenhao , Tian Xiangge , Feng Lei , Tian Yan , Huo Xiaokui , Zhang Baojing , Deng Sa , Ma Xiaochi , Cui Jingnan
Published: July 2019

Design and development of a two-photon fluorescent probe for GST detection and imaging in living cells and deep tissues.
Aggregation behavior in naphthalene-appended diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives and its gas adsorption impact on surface potential
Authors: Dutta Gitish K. , Kasthuri S. , Marappan Gobinath , Jayaraman Surya Velappa , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Di Natale Corrado , Nutalapati Venkatramaiah
Published: July 2019

Diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives containing phenyl and thiophene units adorned with alkoxynaphthalene (Naph-PDPP and Naph-TDPP) were synthesized by a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. SKP measurements were carried out upon exposure to different VOCs.
Two-channel emission controlled by a conjugation valve for the color switching of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2019

Herein, we demonstrate the first example of molecular design concept combining the two channel emission process and conjugation managing valve structure for emission color control and high light-emitting efficiency of the TADF emitters.
A dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-cored four-arm hole transporting material for over 19% efficiency dopant-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Dong Zihao , Yin Xinxing , Ali Amjad , Zhou Jie , Bista Sandip Singh , Chen Cong , Yan Yanfa , Tang Weihua
Published: July 2019

A dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-cored four-arm hole transporting material has been designed to realize over 19% efficiency dopant-free perovskite solar cells.
Benzisothiazolinone upregulates the MUC5AC expression via ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB pathways in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Kwak Soyoung , Choi Yoon Seok , Na Hyung Gyun , Bae Chang Hoon , Song Si-Youn , Kim Hyung Geun , Kim Yong-Dae
Published: July 2019

Mucus plays an important role in protecting the respiratory tract from irritants. However, mucus hypersecretion is a major indicator of airway diseases. 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), as a microbicide, induces asthmatic inflammation. Therefore, we focused on the effects of BIT-related mucin secretion in airway epithelial cells. Our in vivo study showed increased mucus and MUC5AC expressions in the bronchioles of mice that inhaled BIT. For investigating the signaling pathways, we performed experiments in human airway epithelial cells. BIT induced the MUC5AC expression and significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). The specific inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB blocked the BIT-induced MUC5AC expression. Therefore, these results suggest that BIT induces the MUC5AC expression via the ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB pathways in human airway epithelial cells, which may be involved in mucus hypersecretion associated with airway inflammatory diseases.
Identification of novel genes associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via a bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhou Jun , Hui Xiaoliang , Mao Ying , Fan Liya
Published: July 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a class of the commonest malignant carcinomas. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential biomarker and prognostic targets in PDAC. The array data of GSE41368, GSE43795, GSE55643, and GSE41369 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in PDAC were obtained by using GEO2R, and overlapped DEGs were acquired with Venn Diagrams. Functional enrichment analysis of overlapped DEGs and DEmiRNAs was conducted with Metascape and FunRich, respectively. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of overlapped DEGs was constructed by STRING and visualized with Cytoscape. Overall survival (OS) of DEmiRNAs and hub genes were investigated by Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter (KM plotter). Transcriptional data and correlation analyses among hub genes were verified through GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Additionally, miRNA targets were searched using miRTarBase, then miRNA–DEG regulatory network was visualized with Cytoscape. A total of 32 DEmiRNAs and 150 overlapped DEGs were identified, and Metascape showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in cellular chemical homeostasis and pathways in cancer, while DEmiRNAs were mainly enriched in signal transduction and Glypican pathway. Moreover, seven hub genes with a high degree, namely, V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC), solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1), PKM, plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARG), MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET), and integrin subunit α 3 (ITGA3), were identified and found to be up-regulated between PDAC and normal tissues. miR-135b, miR-221, miR-21, miR-27a, miR-199b-5p, miR-143, miR-196a, miR-655, miR-455-3p, miR-744 and hub genes predicted poor OS of PDAC. An integrative bioinformatics analysis identified several hub genes that may serve as potential biomarkers or targets for early diagnosis and precision target treatment of PDAC.
Functional analyses of microRNA-326 in breast cancer development
Authors: Du Ye , Shen Lishengnan , Zhang Wei , Ding Rongbo , Li Qian , Li Simin , Zhang Haipeng
Published: July 2019

MicroRNA-326 (miR-326) was reported to be dysregulated and involved in the progression of multiple cancers. However, the clinical significance, biological role and underlying mechanism of miR-326 in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer are still unclear. In the present study, we showed that miR-326 was down-regulated in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Our results also revealed that miR-326 overexpression significantly suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 phase. Furthermore, Sex determining region Y-box (SOX) protein 12 (SOX12), a known oncogene, was identified as a direct target of miR-326 by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-326 expression was inversely correlated with SOX12 mRNA expression levels in human breast cancer specimens. Overexpression of SOX12 partially rescued the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells caused by miR-326 overexpression. These findings suggested that miR-326 might play a suppressive role in breast cancer, at least in part, by targeting SOX12, rendering miR-326 a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Pixelated dual‐dipole antenna using electrically actuated liquid metal
Authors: Sarabia K.J. , Ohta A.T. , Shiroma W.A.
Published: July 2019

Liquid‐metal pixels are used to demonstrate a frequency‐tunable dipole antenna that can be reconfigured for horizontal or vertical polarisation. Each dipole consists of 14 pixels, each of which can be electrically actuated with the liquid metal Galinstan to achieve different antenna states.
Quantitative effect of dust on photovoltaic supply of transmission line monitoring device and configuration correction
Authors: Huang Xinbo , Wu Hongxia , Zhu Yongcan , Ma Yidi
Published: July 2019

Aiming at the problems that the photovoltaic power supplies of transmission lines monitoring devices are liable to be discontinuous and damaged, it is found that the power loss caused by surface dust deposition cannot be ignored. Improper configuration via empirical formula may result in power shortage and long‐term undercharging of the battery, finally shorten the equipment's life. What is more, artificial and field experiments were carried out to find the qualitative impact, and the attenuation coefficient related to dust deposition may ensure a more appropriate configuration. This research provides a reference for power supply design and helps to save the replacement.
Fast interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation parameter estimation method based on time difference baseline set
Authors: Xue Feiyang , Lv Xiaolei , Yuan Jili , Yun Ye
Published: July 2019

Conventional time‐series interferometric synthetic aperture radar techniques solve elevation correction and linear deformation rate by non‐linear optimisation in 2D space, spatial baseline, and temporal baseline. This letter presents a new method called the time difference baseline set (TDBS). By utilising the discrete characteristic of temporal baseline, the conventional 2D optimisation can be transformed into two 1D optimisations to estimate elevation correction and linear deformation rate, respectively. The authors' TDBS‐based two‐steps method reduces the time complexity from to without compromising on accuracy. The comparative experiments and analysis carried out on real data confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Beyond counting: point supervised attention guided neural network for crowded object locating
Authors: Zhang Kuncai , Lu Zhe‐Ming , Feng Ya‐Pei
Published: July 2019

Recent advances in convolutional neural networks have achieved prominent results for object counting or locating in images. In these networks, some adopt detection‐based methods which require providing bounding‐box annotations for training and these methods usually cannot deal with the crowded cases well. Other networks adopt density regression‐based methods which require only point annotations for training but these methods can only predict the total count without providing any location information. In this Letter, the authors propose an attention guided convolutional neural network (AGNet) for both crowded object locating and counting using point annotation as supervision without annotated bounding boxes which are far more time‐consuming to label. Accordingly, they define a multi‐task objective loss function to lead the training of AGNet to achieve the goal of crowded object locating. The experimental results on four challenging benchmark datasets for crowded objects counting demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AGNet over recent state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Power quality monitoring and evaluation in power systems under non‐stationary conditions using wavelet packet transform
Authors: Karafotis Panagiotis A. , Georgilakis Pavlos S.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) to propose a methodology to accurately evaluate power quality indices, and (ii) to highlight the importance of power quality monitoring services at different voltage levels of three‐phase power systems. The proposed methodology is based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and is able to perform power quality analysis in three‐phase power systems operating under stationary and non‐stationary conditions, in the presence of both harmonics and unbalance. Several test cases are examined: synthetic voltage and current waveforms including noise, simulated test systems, a modified IEEE 13‐bus test feeder, as well as experimental tests. The obtained results in all cases demonstrate the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed WPT method and its superiority over fast Fourier transform to accurately evaluate power quality indices in case of non‐stationary disturbances.
Optimised PLC transmission over pulse‐width modulated network
Authors: Descamps Anne‐Sophie , Zaraneh Nabil , Batard Christophe , Ginot Nicolas
Published: July 2019

In industrial application of adjustable speed drive for electrical motors, some sensors are supplying mandatory information such as speed or position of the rotor to the electronic command. In most deployed applications, these data are transmitted through an additional dedicated line. In order to avoid this additional installation, power line communication (PLC) technology can be used. This study proposes a PLC communication solution between an inverter and a motor through a variable length cable. This solution relies on the modelling of this communication channel as well as the characterisation of the pulse‐width modulated signal. The communication parameters such as carrier frequency or modulation format (quadrature phase shift keying etc.) have been optimised to reduce the channel‐to‐noise ratio in this context. An error free 2 Mbit/s communication has been achieved on a 2 kW test bench.
Quad‐bus motor drive system for electrified vehicles based on a dual‐output–single‐inductor structure
Authors: Kim Taehyung , Kwak Sangshin , Lee Hyung‐Woo
Published: July 2019

48 V electric system architecture has been recently introduced to accommodate an increasing number of electric components in mild hybrid electric vehicles. In this study, two additional DC buses are added for electric machines including 36 and 24 V AC‐ and DC‐motor/actuator loads, in a 48/12 V power supply system. This structure can yield significant benefits, especially for electrified vehicles that have more electric machines and actuators. A single‐inductor multi‐output structure is employed, with a control strategy that produces linear transfer functions and is less sensitive to load variation, to accommodate multiple‐bus motor/actuator drives. The proposed structure and control strategy can offer options for selecting proper bus voltages, optimising the electric machine's power density. Both simulations and experiments have been performed to verify the system structure and control schemes using 36 and 24 V electric machines connected to the additional dual‐output buses on top of the existing 12/48 V bus structure.
New signal subspace approach to estimate the inter‐area oscillatory modes in power system using TLS‐ESPRIT algorithm
Authors: Samal Sudhansu Kumar , Subudhi Bidyadhar
Published: July 2019

The authors propose here a new low‐frequency oscillatory (LFO) modes estimation scheme by applying Karhunen–Loeve transform (KLT) with total least square estimation of signal parameter employing rotational invariance technique (TLS‐ESPRIT). The proposed KLT provides the perfect decorrelation of the signal from the noise at low signal‐to‐noise ratio and for both white and coloured noise. KLT also maximally compress the energy of the estimated signal. KLT helps to estimate the signal subspace perfectly for any non‐stationary ambient power signal with the fastest computational time. First, the authors applied the KLT denoise to the filtered signal buried with highly correlated coloured Gaussian noise through the first eigenvectors of the correlation matrix and estimated the signal subspace. Finally, TLS‐ESPRIT is applied to estimate the modes of the power system. A comparative analysis of the KLT‐TLS‐ESPRIT with the modified TLS‐ESPRIT, multi‐channel wavelet transform, data driven‐stochastic subspace identification, TLS‐ESPRIT, Root‐MUSIC, and improved Prony method is presented. To explore the real‐time application of the KLT‐TLS‐ESPRIT, the authors considered Kundur's two‐area test system and 16‐machine 68‐bus system using 50,000 Monte‐Carlo simulations. The obtained results show that the KLT‐TLS‐ESPRIT accurately estimates the LFO with least mean and standard deviation as compared to the remaining six methods.
Cognitive intelligence of highly automated vehicles in a car‐sharing context
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Ilias , Dimitrakopoulos George
Published: July 2019

Shared mobility can fundamentally change road transport and improve life quality. Car‐sharing services have reached a high level of growth worldwide and members adopting them as an alternative transportation mode are constantly on the increase. The advent of highly automated vehicles could boost the adoption of car sharing as more inexpensive and convenient on‐demand services could be achieved. In recent years, vehicle automation is facilitated and supported by the latest advances in information and communication technologies, forming the cornerstone of the new generation of In‐Vehicle Intelligent Systems. The goal of this study is to introduce a novel in‐vehicle cognitive framework that utilises (i) driver's/user's profile data and personal preferences, (ii) real‐time information associated with the vehicle's driving environment, and (iii) previous knowledge and experience, in proposing adaptations of the vehicle's level of autonomy, in an automated manner, when a driver/user wishes to make a road journey within the automated vehicle sharing context. Knowledge is obtained through the exploitation of Bayesian networking principles. Indicative results on the performance of the proposed cognitive mechanism and the associated knowledge‐based selection scheme are presented, mostly with regards to proactively identifying the optimum level of autonomy to be implemented.
Nona‐band, hybrid antenna for metal‐rimmed smartphone applications
Authors: Alshamaileh Mallak H. , Alja'afreh Saqer S. , Almajali Eqab
Published: July 2019

A new, hybrid, nona‐band antenna of the size 80 × 8 × 5 mm3 is proposed for recent metal‐rimmed smartphone applications. The proposed design is composed of a metallic frame (external antenna) and an internal radiating structure. The proposed antenna is attached to the top part of the smartphone. It uses a microstrip feed as a direct coupling line for the internal radiating structure. The feed also represents a capacitive coupling feed for the overall metal‐rim antenna structure. The metal rim with a small gap of 2 mm is connected to the system printed circuit board by two grounding points. The proposed antenna excites four coupled loop modes, three slot monopole modes, three dipole modes, and one monopole mode. By incorporating the excited modes, the proposed antenna covers all recent smartphone applications in the frequency range between 0.79 and 6.0 GHz. The proposed design is described with great details and both simulated and measured results are used to establish its validity. The antenna performance with mobile phone components is also investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed antenna represents an excellent candidate for applications such as GSM850, GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS2100, LTE2300, LTE2500, LTE3500, and WiFi5500 bands.
Jointly caching and computation resource allocation for mobile edge networks
Authors: Tang Qinqin , Xie Renchao , Huang Tao , Liu Yunjie
Published: July 2019

To cope with the explosion of video traffic, mobile edge computing (MEC) has been introduced as a promising technology in fifth generation networks to enable caching and computing resources to transcode video contents and cache them within the edge of mobile networks. In this study, a joint caching and computing resource allocation mechanism is proposed to effectively schedule the resources of the mobile edge networks. The authors formulate a Stackelberg game to analyse the allocation problem between the MEC server and multiple base stations (BSs). The MEC server aims to impose the prices to the BSs to maximise its revenue, while the BSs compete to determine the caching/computing space that they can occupy at the MEC server to improve the quality of experience of their service users. The competition between the BSs is formulated as a non‐cooperative subgame where each BS is designed to maximise the request rate that can be served by the MEC server. Then, the proposed games are proved to converge to a unique Stackelberg equilibria. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the proposed scheme. It is shown that the proposed schemes are effective in resource allocation for both storage and computational capacities in mobile edge networks.
Labelled GM‐CBMEMBER filter with adaptive track initiation
Authors: Sun Hemin , Luo Muyang , Wu Xiaobiao , Xie Xin , Jiang Zhimin
Published: July 2019

The initial Gaussian mixture cardinality balanced multi‐target multi‐Bernoulli (GM‐CBMeMBer) filter does not provide track information and assumes that the target birth intensity is known as a priori, but in reality the target may appear anywhere in the detection area. Therefore, the study proposes a labelled GM‐CBMeMBer filter with adaptive track initiation. First, the filter introduces track label information and selects the measurements of newborn targets in the prediction process. In addition, it also makes full use of the Doppler information of the airborne Doppler radar. Then, the position estimate and velocity estimate of newborn targets are calculated by using position measurements converted and Doppler measurements, respectively. Further the label information in the prediction process is inherited during the update process, and the target states are updated sequentially with the Doppler measurements after having been updated by using position measurements. Monte–Carlo experiments show that the proposed filter can perform adaptive track initiation effectively, with good tracking performance, and provide target track information well.
Prompt optical emission as a signature of synchrotron radiation in gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Oganesyan G. , Nava L. , Ghirlanda G. , Melandri A. , Celotti A.
Published: July 2019

Information on the spectral shape of prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) is mostly available only at energies ≳10 keV, where the main instruments for GRB detection are sensitive. The origin of this emission is still very uncertain because of the apparent inconsistency with synchrotron radiation, which is the most obvious candidate, and the resulting need for considering less straightforward scenarios. The inclusion of data down to soft X-rays (∼0.5 keV), which are available only in a small fraction of GRBs, has firmly established the common presence of a spectral break in the low-energy part of prompt spectra, and even more importantly, the consistency of the overall spectral shape with synchrotron radiation in the moderately fast-cooling regime, the low-energy break being identified with the cooling frequency. In this work we further extend the range of investigation down to the optical band. In particular, we test the synchrotron interpretation by directly fitting a theoretically derived synchrotron spectrum and making use of optical to gamma-ray data. Secondly, we test an alternative model that considers the presence of a black-body component at ∼keV energies, in addition to a non-thermal component that is responsible for the emission at the spectral peak (100 keV–1 MeV). We find that synchrotron radiation provides a good description of the broadband data, while models composed of a thermal and a non-thermal component require the introduction of a low-energy break in the non-thermal component in order to be consistent with optical observations. Motivated by the good quality of the synchrotron fits, we explore the physical parameter space of the emitting region. In a basic prompt emission scenario we find quite contrived solutions for the magnetic field strength (5 G < B′< 40 G) and for the location of the region where the radiation is produced (Rγ >  1016 cm). We discuss which assumptions of the basic model would need to be relaxed in order to achieve a more natural parameter space.
Constraining nuclear star cluster formation using MUSE-AO observations of the early-type galaxy FCC 47
Authors: Fahrion Katja , Lyubenova Mariya , van de Ven Glenn , Leaman Ryan , Hilker Michael , Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Zhu Ling , Alfaro-Cuello Mayte , Coccato Lodovico , Corsini Enrico M. , Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Iodice Enrichetta , McDermid Richard M. , Sarzi Marc , de Zeeuw Tim
Published: July 2019

Context. Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are found in at least 70% of all galaxies, but their formation path is still unclear. In the most common scenarios, NSCs form in-situ from the galaxy’s central gas reservoir, through the merging of globular clusters (GCs), or through a combination of both.

Aims. As the scenarios pose different expectations for angular momentum and stellar population properties of the NSC in comparison to the host galaxy and the GC system, it is necessary to characterise the stellar light, NSC, and GCs simultaneously. The large NSC (reff = 66 pc) and rich GC system of the early-type Fornax cluster galaxy FCC 47 (NGC 1336) render this galaxy an ideal laboratory to constrain NSC formation.

Methods. Using Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer science verification data assisted by adaptive optics, we obtained maps for the stellar kinematics and stellar-population properties of FCC 47. We extracted the spectra of the central NSC and determined line-of-sight velocities of 24 GCs and metallicities of five.

Results. The galaxy shows the following kinematically decoupled components (KDCs): a disk and a NSC. Our orbit-based dynamical Schwarzschild model revealed that the NSC is a distinct kinematic feature and it constitutes the peak of metallicity and old ages in FCC 47. The main body consists of two counter-rotating populations and is dominated by a more metal-poor population. The GC system is bimodal with a dominant metal-poor population and the total GC system mass is ∼17% of the NSC mass (∼7 × 108 M⊙).

Conclusions. The rotation, high metallicity, and high mass of the NSC cannot be explained by GC-inspiral alone. It most likely requires additional, quickly quenched, in-situ formation. The presence of two KDCs likely are evidence of a major merger that has significantly altered the structure of FCC 47, indicating the important role of galaxy mergers in forming the complex kinematics in the galaxy-NSC system.
Non-LTE radiation hydrodynamics in PLUTO
Authors: Colombo S. , Ibgui L. , Orlando S. , Rodríguez R. , Espinosa G. , González M. , Stehlé C. , Peres G.
Published: July 2019

Context. Modeling the dynamics of most astrophysical structures requires an adequate description of the interaction of radiation and matter. Several numerical (magneto-) hydrodynamics codes were upgraded with a radiation module to fulfill this request. However, those that used either the flux-limited diffusion (FLD) or the M1 radiation moment approaches are restricted to local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). This assumption may not be valid in some astrophysical cases.

Aims. We present an upgraded version of the LTE radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) module implemented in the PLUTO code, which we have extended to handle non-LTE regimes.

Methods. Starting from the general frequency-integrated comoving-frame equations of RHD, we have justified all the assumptions that were made to obtain the non-LTE equations that are implemented in the module under the FLD approximation. An operator-split method with two substeps was employed: the hydrodynamics part was solved with an explicit method by the solvers that are currently available in PLUTO, and the non-LTE radiation diffusion and energy exchange part was solved with an implicit method. The module was implemented in the PLUTO environment. It uses databases of radiative quantities that can be provided independently by the user: the radiative power loss, and the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities. In our case, these quantities were determined from a collisional-radiative steady-state model, and they are tabulated as functions of temperature and density.

Results. Our implementation has been validated through different tests, in particular, radiative shock tests. The agreement with the semi-analytical solutions (when available) is good, with a maximum error of 7%. Moreover, we have proved that a non-LTE approach is of paramount importance to properly model accretion shock structures.

Conclusion. Our radiation FLD module represents a step toward a general non-LTE RHD modeling.
A Pontryagin Maximum Principle in Wasserstein spaces for constrained optimal control problems
Authors: Bonnet Benoît
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we prove a Pontryagin Maximum Principle for constrained optimal control problems in the Wasserstein space of probability measures. The dynamics is described by a transport equation with non-local velocities which are affine in the control, and is subject to end-point and running state constraints. Building on our previous work, we combine the classical method of needle-variations from geometric control theory and the metric differential structure of the Wasserstein spaces to obtain a maximum principle formulated in the so-called Gamkrelidze form.
A watercolor painting of northern lights seen above Japan on 11 February 1958
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Kazama Shigeru
Published: July 2019

A 61 years old watercolor painting of red aurora was recently provided from a Japanese citizen, and it contributed to understand the detailed time evolution around the peak time of the large magnetic storm on 11 February 1958. The painting gives information of the elevation angle of the red aurora seen from low latitude (27.4° magnetic latitude) at 1205–1225 UT during the beginning of the recovery phase of the magnetic storm. Combined with the hand-made sketch of the same red aurora seen from the Abashiri Local Meteorological Office (located at 34° magnetic latitude) at 1215 UT, the position of the red aurora is determined via triangulation. It is found that the red aurora reached up to 400 km at 41° magnetic latitude, which is 1.0° higher in magnetic latitude than the red aurora which appeared just before the peak time of the magnetic storm.
A Decision-Analytic Approach to Addressing the Evidence About Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Brand Kevin P. , Finkel Adam M.
Published: July 2019

Doubts can be raised about almost any assertion that a particular exposure can lead to an increase in a given adverse health effect. Even some of the most well-accepted causal associations in public health, such as that linking cigarette smoking to increased lung cancer risk, have intriguing research questions remaining to be answered. The inquiry whether an exposure causes a disease is never wholly a yes/no question but ought to follow from an appraisal of the weight of evidence supporting the positive conclusion in light of any coherent theories casting doubt on this evidence and the data supporting these. More importantly, such an appraisal cannot be made sensibly without considering the relative consequences to public health and economic welfare of specific actions based on unwarranted credulity (false positives) versus unwarranted skepticism (false negatives). Here we appraise the weight of evidence for the premise that repeated head impacts (RHIs) in professional football can increase the incidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and, in turn, cause a variety of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. We first dismiss four logical fallacies that should not affect the appraisal of the weight of evidence. We then examine four alternative hypotheses in which RHI is not associated with CTE or symptoms (or both), and we conclude that the chances are small that the RHI→ CTE→ symptoms link is coincidental or artifactual. In particular, we observe that there are many specific interventions for which, even under a skeptical appraisal of the weight of evidence, the costs of a false positive are smaller than the false negative costs of refusing to intervene.
Autonomic Nervous System Derangement as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Taranikanti Madhuri , Dronamraju Akhila , Bala Sudha , Guntuka Rohith Kumar , Mudunuru Aswin Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim Cardiovascular disease is more prevalent in women after menopause and particularly in those aged > 60 years. Obesity during menopause has become a growing cause of concern as the source of estrogen during this period is extragonadal. Autonomic function tests serve as effective markers of autonomic activity. Any derangement of autonomic functions in obese postmenopausal women would serve as an early marker for the detection of cardiovascular disease. The aims and objectives of this study were to measure autonomic functions tests in obese postmenopausal women and to correlate the autonomic activity with anthropometric parameters and serum estrogen levels.

Material and Methods A cross-sectional study of 101 postmenopausal women aged > 45 years was undertaken. Women with heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and respiratory disorders were excluded from this study. A digital data acquisition system, Lab Chart Pro 8.0 was used to perform the autonomic function tests.

Results Parasympathetic activity decreased significantly with higher body mass index (BMI). Sympathetic activity that includes diastolic blood pressure and blood pressure measured after isometric handgrip test significantly increased with BMI. A strong negative correlation existed between BMI and parasympathetic high-frequency (HF) domain index. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and serum estradiol levels.

Conclusion Measuring the autonomic activity in obese postmenopausal women along with anthropometric indices and estrogen levels would provide strong evidence of a potential target for existing as well as future heart disease. Any autonomic dysfunction, if detected early, would enable early interventions to prevent heart disease.
Cognitive Control along the Language Spectrum: From the Typical Bilingual Child to Language Impairment
Authors: Marton Klara , Gehebe Thorfun , Pazuelo Lia
Published: July 2019

Cognitive control refers to the ability to perform goal-directed behaviors in the presence of other compelling actions or in the face of habitual practices. Cognitive control functions play a critical role in children's language processing and literacy development. In recent years, many clinicians have expanded their assessment and treatment to target specific cognitive skills. Our goal is to provide a review of recent findings on cognitive control functions in children with different language status (i.e., monolingual and bilingual children with and without language impairment). While children with language impairment show performance deficits in specific cognitive functions (e.g., working memory updating and interference control), typically developing bilingual children often outperform their monolingual peers in cognitive control tasks. However, the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive control has been controversial. Several factors that influence these variations are discussed. Given the findings on the joint impact of bilingualism and language impairment on cognitive control functions, we identify conditions in which bilingualism attenuates the negative effects of the language deficit and conditions in which language impairment has a stronger effect than bilingualism. Critical issues of bilingual assessment, suggestions, and future directions are discussed.
The Role of Executive Function in Developmental Stuttering
Authors: Anderson Julie D. , Ofoe Levi C.
Published: July 2019

Developmental stuttering is a complex disorder and children who stutter form a heterogeneous group. Most contemporary researchers would agree that multiple factors, including those associated with linguistic, motor, sensory, and emotional processes, are likely involved in its development and/or maintenance. There is growing evidence, however, that cognitive processes also play a role. In this article, we briefly review behavioral and parent-report studies of executive function in children who stutter, the findings of which have generally suggested that these skills may be challenging for at least some children who stutter. We then consider how deficits in executive function could provide an explanatory account for not only the multifactorial nature of developmental stuttering but also the considerable amount of variability that exists among individuals who stutter.
Using the Phylo Card Game to advance biodiversity conservation in an era of Pokémon
Authors: Callahan Megan M. , Echeverri Alejandra , Ng David , Zhao Jiaying , Satterfield Terre
Published: July 2019

Broader realization of both increasing biodiversity loss and pressures on ecosystems worldwide has highlighted the importance of public perceptions of species and the subsequent motivations towards improving the status of natural systems. Several new proposals have arisen in reference to environmental learning, including mimicking popular gaming media. Inspired by the popular game Pokémon, the Phylo Trading Card Game (Phylo game) is one such emerging possibility. It was invented as an open-source, competitive, and interactive game to inform players’ knowledge of species, ecosystems, and negative environmental events (e.g., climate change, oil spills, wildfires). The game has now achieved global reach, yet the impact of this game on conservation behavior has never been tested. This study used a randomized control trial to evaluate the Phylo game’s impact on conservation behavior (i.e., Phylo condition). This was compared to an information control condition with a more traditional learning method using a slideshow (i.e., Slideshow condition). A second card game was used to control for the act of playing a game (i.e., Projects condition). We found that ecological perceptions (i.e., the perceived relationship of species to their ecosystems) and species knowledge increased after both the game and the slideshow, but the Phylo Game had the added benefit of promoting more positive affect and more species name recall. It also motivated donation behavior in the direction of preventing negative environmental events instead of directly aiding an individual species or ecosystem. Our findings highlight the potential value of this game as a novel engagement tool for enhancing ecological literacy, motivations, and actions necessary to meet ecological challenges.
Solution-giving formula to Cauchy problem for multidimensional parabolic equation with variable coefficients
Authors: Remizov Ivan D.
Published: July 2019

We present a general method of solving the Cauchy problem for multidimensional parabolic (diffusion type) equation with variable coefficients which depend on spatial variable but do not change over time. We assume the existence of the C0-semigroup (this is a standard assumption in the evolution equations theory, which guarantees the existence of the solution) and then find the representation (based on the family of translation operators) of the solution in terms of coefficients of the equation and initial condition. It is proved that if the coefficients of the equation are bounded, infinitely smooth, and satisfy some other conditions, then there exists a solution-giving C0-semigroup of contraction operators. We also represent the solution as a Feynman formula (i.e., as a limit of a multiple integral with multiplicity tending to infinity) with generalized functions appearing in the integral kernel.
Photon entanglement entropy as a probe of many-body correlations and fluctuations
Authors: Li Hao , Piryatinski Andrei , Srimath Kandada Ajay Ram , Silva Carlos , Bittner Eric R.
Published: July 2019

Recent theories and experiments have explored the use of entangled photons as a spectroscopic probe of physical systems. We describe here a theoretical description for entropy production in the scattering of an entangled biphoton Fock state within an optical cavity. We develop this using perturbation theory by expanding the biphoton scattering matrix in terms of single-photon terms in which we introduce the photon-photon interaction via a complex coupling constant, ξ. We show that the von Neumann entropy provides a concise measure of this interaction. We then develop a microscopic model and show that in the limit of fast fluctuations, the entanglement entropy vanishes, whereas in the limit of slow fluctuations, the entanglement entropy depends on the magnitude of the fluctuations and reaches a maximum. Our result suggests that experiments measuring biphoton entanglement give microscopic information pertaining to exciton-exciton correlations.
Robustness on interdependent networks with a multiple-to-multiple dependent relationship
Authors: Dong Gaogao , Chen Yan , Wang Fan , Du Ruijin , Tian Lixin , Stanley H. Eugene
Published: July 2019

Interdependent networks as an important structure of the real system not only include one-to-one dependency relationship but also include more realistic undirected multiple interdependent relationship. The study on interdependent networks plays an important role in designing more resilient real systems. Here, we mainly focus on the case of interdependent networks with a multiple-to-multiple correspondence of interdependent nodes by generalizing feedback and nonfeedback conditions. We develop a new mathematical framework and study numerically and analytically the percolation of interdependent networks with partial multiple-to-multiple dependency links by using percolation theory. By analyzing the process of cascading failure, the size of the giant component and the critical threshold are analytically obtained and testified by simulation results for couple Erdös-Re˙nyi and scale-free networks. The results imply that the system shows a discontinuous phase transition for different coupling strengths. We find that the system becomes more resilient and easy to defend by increasing the coupling strength and the connectivity density. Our model has the potential to shed light on designing more resilient real-world dependent systems.