bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Methods and Design in Sport Management
Authors: Andrew Damon P. S. , Pedersen Paul M. , McEvoy Chad D.
Published: April 2020

Research Methods and Design in Sport Management explains research design, implementation, analysis, and assessment criteria with a focus on specific procedures unique to the discipline of sport management. The text is an invaluable resource for students and practitioners in sport management because it focuses on applied research for organizational purposes and the qualitative and quantitative methodologies pertinent to the field of sport management.

Organized in four parts, Research Methods and Design in Sport Management begins with an introduction to concepts in sport management research and a discussion of the ethical issues associated with research projects. The text outlines the steps to the research process, making it an easy-to-use guide for professionals undertaking a research project as well as students writing major term papers, theses, or dissertations. Analysis of research design with discussion of specific methods used in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research helps readers to determine and design the most appropriate research for their specific needs. This text teaches readers the following concepts and skills:

• How to conduct a thorough literature review

• Theoretical and conceptual frameworks to guide the research process

• How to develop appropriate research questions and hypotheses

• Techniques for conducting qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research

• Methods for analyzing data and reporting results

Multiple special elements in each chapter, including learning objectives, summaries, suggested advanced readings, and highlight boxes, guide readers through challenging concepts. A chapter dedicated to legal research in sport management provides a nonintimidating discussion of the unique elements evident in sport law research, such as legal precedence, case briefing, and special writing elements. Examples of published research in sport management illustrate ways in which various methodological tools and techniques can be used in answering research questions. Research in Action sections present excerpts from the Journal of Sport Management, which highlight research components mentioned in the text and assist students in learning how to read and evaluate research. In addition, all research examples provided throughout the text are specific to sport management, considering both sport industry settings and academic environments.

Research Methods and Design in Sport Management offers readers the tools to engage in the broad spectrum of research opportunities in the growing discipline of sport management. As accreditation in sport management becomes more prevalent, Research Methods and Design in Sport Management can assist students in gaining the knowledge and skills they need in order to compete in the job market and to contribute to their future careers. For professionals, the text offers tools to ensure the research they conduct and consume can accurately inform strategic business decisions.
Reversing the Obesogenic Environment
Authors: Lee Rebecca E. , McAlexander Kristen M. , Banda Jorge A.
Published: April 2020

Obesity has become a global crisis. Although most would agree that eating better and being more physically active are the answer to the problem, researchers have recently become aware that the problem goes beyond just changing individual behaviors. We can convince people of the benefits of healthful eating and regular physical activity, but what happens when they go home to a neighborhood where fresh vegetables are not available and opportunities for physical activity are hard to find? If the environment doesn’t help support healthy lifestyles, the change will be next to impossible to sustain. In Reversing the Obesogenic Environment, leading researchers Lee, McAlexander, and Banda introduce the concept of the obesogenic environment—an environment that leads people to become obese—and explore ways that changing our environment can encourage healthier choices.

Although most of the current literature focuses on the food supply and dietary habits, Reversing the Obesogenic Environment takes a broader view of the current obesity problem. It looks at all of the elements that combine to create the obesogenic environment:

• The ways that the built environment, access to resources, and active transportation systems can either foster or discourage regular physical activity

• The multiple factors that encourage consumption of calorie-laden, nutritionally inadequate foods that can lead to obesity

• The positive and negative impact of public policy

• The influence of family, culture, socioeconomic status, and other social factors on an individual’s health behaviors as well as access to physical activity opportunities and healthier food options

• The role that media and marketing play in food purchasing decisions

With Reversing the Obesogenic Environment, readers will get a cutting-edge view of this emerging body of research with applications that can be realistically implemented in their communities. The book goes beyond defining the issues that contribute to the obesity epidemic—it offers tools that will help practitioners start to reverse it. Throughout the book, the authors incorporate practical recommendations based on the latest research. Sample programs and policies, checklists, and potential solutions offer readers a starting point for changes in their own communities.

The obesity epidemic is a multifaceted issue influenced by factors ranging from international trade and national policy to individual behaviors. Reversing the problem will take coordinated multilevel efforts. These efforts may take years to come to fruition, but it isn’t too late to take action. Reversing the Obesogenic Environment is the ideal guide to taking the first steps toward change.

Reversing the Obesogenic Environment is part of the Physical Activity Intervention Series (PAIS). This timely series provides educational resources for professionals interested in promoting and implementing physical activity and health promotion programs to a diverse and often-resistant population.
Triathletes in Motion
Authors: Evans Marc , Cappaert Jane M.
Published: April 2020

Traditionally the focus of triathlon is on volume, intensity, and training periodization—doing particular workouts during the months, weeks, and days leading up to a race. But what if you could improve performance without logging extra distance on the road or in the water? That is the promise of Triathletes in Motion: Assessing Movement for World-Class Technique and Performance. In this book, Marc Evans introduces the Evans Assessment principle and makes the case that every triathlon training regimen should start with the physical assessments of movement. By looking carefully at movements during these assessments, you can detect limitations to mobility, flexibility, strength, and stability. These limiters cannot be corrected by traditional technique instruction alone, so Evans presents specific exercises and tests that address each one. The results are greater efficiency, fewer injuries, and faster performances.

Whether you are a veteran triathlete seeking a performance breakthrough, a newer triathlete starting the training season, or a coach or member of a triathlon federation searching for that edge, training should start with Triathletes in Motion. This resource includes hundreds of tests and exercises to help triathletes swim, cycle, and run faster and more economically. Marc Evans was triathlon’s first professional coach and has consulted, coached, collaborated with, and mentored some of the biggest names in the sport, including Dave Scott and Scott Tinley. His coauthor, Jane Cappaert, is a leading expert in sport biomechanics. Now they make their unique expertise available to everyone in Triathletes in Motion.
Attention and Motor Skill Learning
Authors: Wulf Gabriele
Published: April 2020

Attention and Motor Skill Learning explores how a person's focus of attention affects motor performance and, in particular, the learning of motor skills. It synthesizes the knowledge coming from recent research examining the effects of attentional focus on motor performance and learning, and it provides practical implications for both instructional and rehabilitative settings.

Attention and Motor Skill Learning challenges traditional views that the method of learning a motor skill involves focusing attention on each part of the skill and internalizing proper execution. Instead, author Gabriele Wulf argues that the learning of new motor skills suffers when attentional focus is on the coordination of movements. When attention is directed to the desired movement effect, however, performance levels rise. Not only is a higher level of performance often achieved faster with an external rather than an internal attention focus, but the skill is retained better. The advantages of external focus apply to a variety of skills and skill levels and may be used while instructing athletes, children, and those with physical impairments as well as in any setting in which effective and efficient training of motor skills is a concern.

Attention and Motor Skill Learning not only presents the latest research on attentional focus, but it also offers practical solutions for bypassing or at least shortening the first “conscious” stage of learning. Instructors may then use these suggestions to provide their students or patients with a faster and more effective way to develop and perform motor skills.to develop and perform motor skills.

This text turns research into application by

- detailing how a person's attentional focus changes with age and type of task and in later stages of learning, allowing readers to apply the information to a variety of ages and settings;

- providing specific instructional examples and challenges in “Practical Applications” sections that may be used in everyday teaching scenarios; and

- including comparison tables and offering suggestions for differentiating instructions regarding internal and external foci of attention.

To help teachers understand how the wording of their instruction can facilitate the learning process, Attention and Motor Skill Learning shares insights from athletes, musicians, and speech therapists on their thinking as they perform or teach selected skills in each chapter's “Attentional Insights” section. The “Future Directions” sections at the end of each chapter highlight potential research studies that challenge readers to use and further develop the methods and practices in the book. Other useful features include case studies and chapter-opening scenarios that present motor-learning problems and demonstrate the role of attentional focus in solving them.
Fundamentals of Sociology of Sport and Physical Activity
Authors: Jamieson Katherine M. , Smith Maureen M.
Published: April 2020

Fundamentals of Sociology of Sport and Physical Activity presents information on sociology of sport to prepare readers for advanced study or practice in the field. A quick professional reference and an excellent resource for students, this text offers insights into this exciting field, explores the impact of sport in society, and examines careers in sport and physical activity that can benefit from sociological insights. Written by a team with experience in both academia and community-based sport leadership, Fundamentals of Sociology of Sport and Physical Activity introduces readers to some of the common and ongoing sociocultural questions in this field, including those of equity in gender and race, participation across areas, prominent cultural values and messages as portrayed by mass media, youth development, and sport for peace and development. The book demonstrates how those questions and ideas can be applied and used by a variety of professionals, explains some of the essential components of professional preparation, and suggests some potential paths to employment.

The text includes several learning features:

- Success Story segments profile researchers and professionals

- Using Your Sociological Imagination sidebars illuminate how a sociological lens can transform the way a reader looks at sport in society

- Time Capsule sidebars present historical information and interesting facts

The text is divided into two parts and begins with a discussion of the origin of the social and cultural analysis of physical activity. Part I details the development of the field and its professional organizations, lists important publications, and explores opportunities for professional practice. Part II looks at common social spaces for physical activity--sport, exercise, and school--and examines them from a sociological viewpoint. Concise, informative, and practical, Fundamentals of Sociology of Sport and Physical Activity addresses the academic foundations of the field for a broad audience while providing real-world examples of sociology of sport and physical activity. This text is part of Human Kinetics’ Fundamentals of Sport and Exercise Science series which helps students and professionals understand the basic topics, goals, and applications of the many subdisciplines in kinesiology.
Exercise For Frail Elders
Authors: Best-Martini Elizabeth , Jones-DiGenova Kim A.
Published: April 2020

As the older adult population increases, so does the demand for fitness professionals who understand the capabilities and special needs of seniors with illnesses, disabilities, chronic disorders, and sedentary lifestyles. Exercise for Frail Elders, Second Edition, is the only exercise fitness guidebook that focuses on working with frail elders and adults with special conditions. It is an invaluable resource for improving functional fitness, maintaining aspects of independent living, and enhancing quality of life. With Exercise for Frail Elders, Second Edition, readers will gain a deeper understanding of 14 medical conditions common to older adults, how these conditions may affect participants’ ability to perform activities of daily living, and what exercises can help them maintain and increase functional fitness. This book focuses on special needs stemming from conditions including arthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, orthopedic issues, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.

The updated second edition provides a broader focus on balance, a critical component of any functional fitness program, to aid in designing classes that incorporate various stability exercises. Exercises that provide significant benefits to balance are indicated with a symbol to ensure effective program design. The text is divided into two parts. Part I covers planning an exercise program for frail elders or adults with special needs. Part II covers implementation of a successful program, including course design, warm-up and cool-down, and exercises for range of motion, resistance training, aerobic training, and stretching, with their variations. Over 150 photos illustrate safe and effective execution of the exercises. Exercise for Frail Elders, Second Edition, is an easy-to-follow resource for working with elderly individuals in assisted living and nursing homes, rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, day centers, senior centers, recreation and community centers, and home health care environments.
Heterogeneous formation of particulate nitrate under ammonium-rich regimes during the high-PM2.5 events in Nanjing, China
Authors: Lin Yu-Chi , Zhang Yan-Lin , Fan Mei-Yi , Bao Mengying
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Particulate nitrate (NO3-) not only influences regional climates
but also contributes to the acidification of terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems. In 2016 and 2017, four intensive online measurements of
water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were conducted in Nanjing City in order to
investigate the potential formation mechanisms of particulate nitrate.
During the sampling periods, NO3- was the predominant
species, accounting approximately for 35 % of the total water-soluble inorganic ions,
followed by SO42- (33 %) and NH4+ (24 %).
Significant enhancements of nitrate aerosols in terms of both absolute
concentrations and relative abundances suggested that NO3- was a
major contributing species to high-PM2.5 events (hourly PM2.5≥150 µg m−3). High NO3- concentrations mainly occurred under
NH4+-rich conditions, implying that the formation of nitrate
aerosols in Nanjing involved NH3. During the high-PM2.5 events,
the nitrogen conversion ratios (Fn) were positively correlated with the
aerosol liquid water content (ALWC; R>0.72 and p<0.05).
Meanwhile, increasing NO3- concentrations regularly coincided with
increasing ALWC and decreasing Ox (Ox=O3+NO2). These
results suggested that the heterogeneous reaction was probably a major
mechanism of nitrate formation during the high-PM2.5 events. Moreover,
the average production rate of NO3- by heterogeneous processes was
estimated to be 12.6 % h−1 (4.1 µg m−3 h−1), which
was much higher than that (2.5 % h−1; 0.8 µg m−3 h−1)
of gas-phase reactions. This can also explain the abrupt increases in
nitrate concentrations during the high-PM2.5 events. Utilizing the
ISORROPIA II model, we found that nitrate aerosol formation in Nanjing
during the high-PM2.5 events was HNO3 limited. This indicated that
control of NOx emissions will be able to efficiently reduce airborne particulate nitrate
concentrations and improve the air quality in this industrial city.
14C observations of atmospheric CO2 at Anmyeondo GAW station, Korea: Implications for fossil fuel CO2 and emission ratios
Authors: Lee Haeyoung , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Turnbull Jocelyn C. , Lee Sepyo , Lehman Scott J. , Miller John B. , Petron Gabrielle , Lim Jeongsik , Lee Gang-Woong , Lee Sang-Sam , Park Young-San
Published: April 2020

Abstract. To understand Korea's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and sinks as well as those of the surrounding region, we used 70 flask-air samples collected during May 2014 to August 2016 at Anmyeondo (AMY, 36.53° N, 126.32° E; 46 m a.s.l.) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station, located on the west coast of South Korea, for analysis of observed 14C in atmospheric CO2 as a tracer of fossil fuel CO2 contribution (Cff). Observed 14C / C ratios in CO2 at AMY varied from −59.5 to 23.1 ‰ with the measurement uncertainty of ±1.8 ‰. The derived mean value Cff of (9.7 ± 7.8) μmol mol−1 (1σ) is greater than that found in earlier observations from Tae-Ahn Peninsula (TAP, 36.73° N, 126.13° E, 20 m a.s.l., 24 km away from AMY) of (4.4 ± 5.7) μmol mol−1 from 2004 to 2010. The enhancement above background of sulfur hexafluoride (Δx(SF6)) and carbon monoxide (Δx(CO)) correlate strongly with Cff (r > 0.7) and appear to be good proxies for fossil fuel CO2 at regional and continental scales. Samples originating from the Asian continent had greater Δx(CO) : Cff (RCO) values, (29 ± 8) to (36 ± 2) nmol μmol−1, than in Korean local air ((8 ± 2) nmol μmol−1). Air masses originating in China showed (1.8 ± 0.2) times greater RCO than a bottom-up inventory suggesting that China's CO emissions are underestimated in the inventory. However, both RCO derived from inventories and observations have decreased relative to previous studies, indicating that combustion efficiency is increasing in both China and South Korea.
Improving GOES Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Retrievals using an Empirical Bias Correction Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hai , Kondragunta Shobha , Laszlo Istvan , Zhou Mi
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) series enables retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from geostationary satellites using a multi-band algorithm similar to those of polar-orbiting satellites’ sensors, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Therefore, ABI AOD is expected to have accuracy and precision comparable to MODIS AOD and VIIRS AOD. However, this work demonstrates that the current version of GOES-16 (GOES-East) ABI AOD has diurnally varying biases due to errors in the land surface reflectance relationship between the bands used in the ABI AOD retrieval algorithm, which vary with respect to the Sun-satellite geometry. To reduce these biases, an empirical bias correction algorithm has been developed based on the lowest observed ABI AOD of an adjacent 30-day period and the background AOD at each time step and at each pixel. The bias correction algorithm improves the performance of ABI AOD compared to AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) AOD, especially for the high and medium (top 2) quality ABI AOD. AOD data for the period August 6 to December 31, 2018 are used to validate the bias correction algorithm. For the top 2 qualities ABI AOD, after bias correction, the correlation between ABI AOD and AERONET AOD improves from 0.87 to 0.91, the mean bias improves from 0.04 to 0.00, and root mean square error (RMSE) improves from 0.09 to 0.05. These results for the bias corrected top 2 qualities ABI AOD are comparable to those of the uncorrected high-quality ABI AOD. Thus, by using the top 2 qualities of ABI AOD in conjunction with the bias correction algorithm, the area coverage of ABI AOD is substantially increased without loss of data accuracy.
Heliophyllite: a discredited mineral species identical to ecdemite
Authors: Perchiazzi Natale , Hålenius Ulf , Demitri Nicola , Vignola Pietro
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The type material for heliophyllite, preserved in the Swedish
Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, was re-investigated through a
combined EPMA (electron probe X-ray microanalysis), Raman, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and single-crystal
study. EPMA chemical data, together with Raman and single-crystal
structural studies, point to heliophyllite being identical to ecdemite.
XRPD synchrotron data highlight the presence of a minor quantity of finely
admixed finnemanite in the analyzed material, explaining the presence of
some additional diffraction peaks, not indexable with the ecdemite unit cell,
reported in the literature. The discreditation of heliophyllite has been approved by the IMA
Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (proposal 19-H, 2019).
Biases in the albedo sensitivity to deforestation in CMIP5 models and their impacts on the associated historical Radiative Forcing
Authors: Lejeune Quentin , Davin Edouard L. , Duveiller Grégory , Crezee Bas , Meier Ronny , Cescatti Alessandro , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Climate model biases in the representation of albedo variations between land cover types contribute to uncertainties on the climate impact of land cover changes since pre-industrial times, and especially on the associated Radiative Forcing. The recent publications of new observation-based datasets offer opportunities to investigate these biases and their impact on historical albedo changes in simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Conducting such an assessment is however complicated by the non-availability of albedo values for specific land cover types, as well as the limited number of simulations isolating the land use forcing in CMIP. In this study, we demonstrate the suitability of a new methodology to extract the albedo of trees and crops/grasses in standard climate model simulations. We then apply it to historical runs from 13 CMIP5 models and compare the obtained results to satellite-derived reference data. This allows us to identify substantial biases in the representation of the albedo of trees, crops/grasses, and the albedo change due to the transition between these two land cover types in the analysed models. Additionally, we reconstruct the local albedo changes induced by historical conversions between trees and crops/grasses for 15 CMIP5 models. This allows us to derive estimates of the Radiative Forcing from land cover changes since pre-industrial times ranging between 0 and −0.22 W/m2, with a mean value of −0.07 W/m2. Constraining the albedo response to transitions between trees and crops/grasses from the models with satellite-derived data leads to an increase in this range, however after excluding two models with unrealistic conversion rates from trees to crops/grasses we obtain a revised model mean estimate of −0.11 W/m2 (with individual model results between −0.04 and −0.16 W/m2). These numbers are at the lower end of the range provided by the IPCC AR5 (−0.15 ± 0.10 W/m2). The approach described in this study can be applied on other model simulations, such as those from CMIP6, especially as a diagnostic enabling the reproduction of the model evaluation part has been included in the ESMValTool v2.0.
An update of IPCC climate reference regions for subcontinental analysis of climate model data: Definition and aggregated datasets
Authors: Iturbide Maialen , Gutiérrez José Manuel , Alves Lincoln Muniz , Bedia Joaquín , Cimadevilla Ezequiel , Cofiño Antonio S. , Cerezo-Mota Ruth , Di Luca Alejandro , Faria Sergio Henrique , Gorodetskaya Irina , Hauser Mathias , Herrera Sixto , Hewitt Helene T. , Hennessy Kevin J. , Jones Richard G. , Krakovska Svitlana , Manzanas Rodrigo , Marínez-Castro Daniel , Narisma Gemma Teressa , Nurhati Intan S. , Pinto Izidine , Seneviratne Sonia I. , van den Hurk Bart , Vera Carolina S.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Several sets of reference regions have been proposed in the literature for the regional synthesis of observed and model-projected climate change information. A popular example is the set of reference regions introduced in the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Adaptation (SREX) based on a prior coarser selection and then slightly modified for the 5th Assessment Report of the IPCC. This set was developed for reporting sub-continental observed and projected changes over a reduced number (33) of climatologically consistent regions encompassing a representative number of grid boxes (the typical resolution of the 5th Climate Model Intercomparison Projection, CMIP5, climate models was around 2º). These regions have been used as the basis for several popular spatially aggregated datasets, such as the seasonal mean temperature and precipitation in IPCC regions for CMIP5. Here we present an updated version of the reference regions for the analysis of new observed and simulated datasets (including CMIP6) which offer an opportunity for refinement due to the higher model resolution (around 1º for CMIP6). As a result, the number of regions increased to 43 land plus 12 open ocean, better representing consistent regional climate features. The paper describes the rationale followed for the definition of the new regions and analyses their homogeneity. The regions are defined as polygons and are provided as coordinates and shapefile together with companion R and Python notebooks to illustrate their use in practical problems (trimming data, etc.). We also describe the generation of a new dataset with monthly temperature and precipitation spatially aggregated in the new regions, currently for CMIP5 (for backwards consistency) and CMIP6, to be extended to other datasets in the future (including observations). The use of these reference regions, dataset and code is illustrated through a worked example using scatter diagrams to offer guidance on the likely range of future climate change at the scale of reference regions. The regions, datasets and code (R and Python notebooks) are freely available at the ATLAS GitHub repository; https://github.com/SantanderMetGroup/ATLAS, doi:10.5281/zenodo.3688072 (Iturbide et al., 2020).
PAMTRA 1.0: A Passive and Active Microwave radiative TRAnsfer tool for simulating radiometer and radar measurements of the cloudy atmosphere
Authors: Mech Mario , Maahn Maximilian , Kneifel Stefan , Ori Davide , Orlandi Emiliano , Kollias Pavlos , Schemann Vera , Crewell Susanne
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Forward models are a key tool to generate synthetic observations given the knowledge of the atmospheric state. In this way they are an integral part of inversion algorithms that aim to retrieve geophysical variables from observations or in data assimilation. Their application for the exploitation of the full information content of remote sensing observations becomes increasingly important when these are used to evaluate the performance of cloud resolving models (CRMs). Herein, CRMs profiles or fields provide the input to the forward model whose simulation results are subsequently compared to the observations. This paper introduces the freely available comprehensive microwave forward model PAMTRA (Passive and Active Microwave TRAnsfer), demonstrates its capabilities to simulate passive and active measurements across the microwave spectral region for up- and downward looking geometries, and illustrates how the forward simulations can be used to evaluate CRMs and to interpret measurements to improve our understanding of cloud processes. PAMTRA is unique as it treats passive and active radiative transfer (RT) in a consistent way with the passive forward model providing up- and down-welling polarized brightness temperatures and radiances for arbitrary observation angles. The active part is capable of simulating the full radar Doppler spectrum and its moments. PAMTRA is designed to be flexible with respect to instrument specifications, interfaces to many different formats of in- and output type, especially CRMs, spanning the range from bin-resolved microphysical output to one- and two-moment schemes, and to in situ measured hydrometeor properties. A specific highlight is the incorporation of the self-similar Rayleigh--Gans Approximation (SSRGA) both for active and passive applications which becomes especially important for the investigation of frozen hydrometeors.
Multivariate statistical modelling of the drivers of compound flood events in South Florida
Authors: Jane Robert , Cadavid Luis , Obeysekera Jayantha , Wahl Thomas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Miami-Dade County (south-east Florida) is among the most vulnerable regions to sea-level rise in the United States, due to a variety of natural and human factors. The co-occurrence of multiple, often statistically dependent flooding drivers – termed compound events – typically exacerbates impacts compared with their isolated occurrence. Ignoring dependencies between the drivers will potentially lead to underestimation of flood risk and under-design of flood defence structures. At present, design assessments of flood defence structures in Miami-Dade County assume rainfall and Ocean-side Water Level (O-sWL) are fully dependent, a conservative assumption inducing large safety factors. Here, an analysis of the dependence between the principal flooding drivers over a range of lags at three locations across the county is carried out. The conservative nature of the existing structural design assessment is subsequently explored, by combining a two-dimensional analysis of rainfall and O-sWL with regional sea-level rise projections. Finally, the vine copula and Heffernan and Tawn (2004) models are shown to outperform five standard higher dimensional copulas in capturing the dependence between the principal drivers of compound flooding: rainfall, O-sWL, and groundwater level. This leads to recommendations for revised future design frameworks able to capture and represent dependencies between different flood drivers.
Evolution of surface deformation related to salt extraction-caused sinkholes in Solotvyno (Ukraine) revealed by Sentinel-1 radar interferometry
Authors: Szűcs Eszter , Gönczy Sándor , Bozsó István , Bányai László , Szakacs Alexandru , Szárnya Csilla , Wesztergom Viktor
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Rocksalt has remarkable mechanical properties and a high economic importance, however, this strength of salt compared to other rocks makes it a rather vulnerable material. Human activities could lead to acceleration of the dissolution of soluble rocksalt and collapse of subsurface caverns. Although sinkhole development can be considered local geological disaster regarding the characteristic size of surface depressions the deformations can result in catastrophic events. In this study we report the spatiotemporal evolution of surface deformation in Solotvyno salt mine area in Ukraine based on Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements. Although the mining operations were finished in 2010 several sinkholes have been opened up since then. Our results show that even though the enormous risk managing efforts the sinkholes continue to expand with a maximum line-of-sight deformation rate of 5 cm/yr. The deformation time series show a rather linear feature and unfortunately no slowdown of the processes can be recognized based on the investigated 4.5 year-long data set. We utilized both ascending and descending satellite passes to discriminate the horizontal and vertical deformations and our results revealed that vertical deformation is much more dominant in the area. With the 6-day repetition time of Sentinel-1 observations the evolution of surface changes can be detected in quasi real-time which can facilitate disaster response and recovery.
Storm-driven across-shelf oceanic flows into coastal waters
Authors: Jones Sam , Inall Mark , Porter Marie , Graham Jennifer A. , Cottier Finlo
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The North Atlantic Ocean and northwest European shelf
experience intense low-pressure systems during the winter months. The effect
of strong winds on shelf circulation and water properties is poorly
understood as observations during these episodes are rare, and key flow
pathways have been poorly resolved by models up to now. We compare the
behaviour of a cross-shelf current in a quiescent period in late summer,
with the same current sampled during a stormy period in midwinter, using
drogued drifters. Concurrently, high-resolution time series of current speed
and salinity from a coastal mooring are analysed. A Lagrangian analysis of
modelled particle tracks is used to supplement the observations. Current
speeds at 70 m during the summer transit are 10–20 cm s−1, whereas
on-shelf flow reaches 60 cm s−1 during the winter storm. The onset of
high across-shelf flow is identified in the coastal mooring time series,
both as an increase in coastal current speed and as an abrupt increase in
salinity from 34.50 to 34.85, which lags the current by 8 d. We interpret
this as the wind-driven advection of outer-shelf (near-oceanic) water
towards the coastline, which represents a significant change from the
coastal water pathways which typically feed the inner shelf. The modelled
particle analysis supports this interpretation: particles which terminate in
coastal waters are recruited locally during the late summer, but recruitment
switches to the outer shelf during the winter storm. We estimate that during
intense storm periods, on-shelf transport may be up to 0.48 Sv, but
this is near the upper limit of transport based on the multi-year time
series of coastal current and salinity. The likelihood of storms capable of
producing these effects is much higher during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) winters.
On the Green's function emergence from interferometry of seismic wave fields generated in high-melt glaciers: implications for passive imaging and monitoring
Authors: Sergeant Amandine , Chmiel Małgorzata , Lindner Fabian , Walter Fabian , Roux Philippe , Chaput Julien , Gimbert Florent , Mordret Aurélien
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ambient noise seismology has revolutionized seismic characterization of the Earth's crust from local to global scales. The estimate of Green's
function (GF) between two receivers, representing the impulse response of elastic media, can be reconstructed via cross-correlation of the ambient
noise seismograms. A homogenized wave field illuminating the propagation medium in all directions is a prerequisite for obtaining an accurate GF. For
seismic data recorded on glaciers, this condition imposes strong limitations on GF convergence because of minimal seismic scattering in homogeneous
ice and limitations in network coverage. We address this difficulty by investigating three patterns of seismic wave fields: a favorable distribution
of icequakes and noise sources recorded on a dense array of 98 sensors on Glacier d'Argentière (France), a dominant noise source constituted by
a moulin within a smaller seismic array on the Greenland Ice Sheet, and crevasse-generated scattering at Gornergletscher (Switzerland). In Glacier
d'Argentière, surface melt routing through englacial channels produces turbulent water flow, creating sustained ambient seismic sources and thus
favorable conditions for GF estimates. Analysis of the cross-correlation functions reveals non-equally distributed noise sources outside and within
the recording network. The dense sampling of sensors allows for spatial averaging and accurate GF estimates when stacked on lines of receivers. The
averaged GFs contain high-frequency (>30 Hz) direct and refracted P waves in addition to the fundamental mode of dispersive Rayleigh waves above
1 Hz. From seismic velocity measurements, we invert bed properties and depth profiles and map seismic anisotropy, which is likely
introduced by crevassing. In Greenland, we employ an advanced preprocessing scheme which includes match-field processing and eigenspectral
equalization of the cross spectra to remove the moulin source signature and reduce the effect of inhomogeneous wave fields on the GFs. At
Gornergletscher, cross-correlations of icequake coda waves show evidence for homogenized incident directions of the scattered
wave field. Optimization of coda correlation windows via a Bayesian inversion based on the GF cross coherency and symmetry further promotes the GF
estimate convergence. This study presents new processing schemes on suitable array geometries for passive seismic imaging and monitoring of glaciers
and ice sheets.
Stereotyped Roles for Men and Women in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Nishtiman Othman , Al-Salihi Kameran Hussein
Published: April 2020

Discrimination against female draws to a great degree upon the tradition and tribal mentality. The role given to women is to be subordinated to men and be in the service of men and the family. Boys and men are allowed to dominate women in aspects of social life. This stereotypical role assigned to women, based on traditions and tribal mentality, involves not only accepting violence to be administered against women but prescribes even violence.CEDAW’s goal is to achieve equality between men and women to eradicate violence clashes with the local stereotype. CEDAW’s tools to bring about the needed changes have been to demand state party to it to translate their textual commitment to legal codes and practices.  This paper examines the national legislation of Iraq and Kurdistan to point out the degree of subordination of local laws to CEDAWs Article 5. The findings of this paper are that Kurdistan has introduced important changes to the laws but in regard to child marriage it has not reached the international standards.
Las nuevas tecnologías y el español
Authors: Zamora Úbeda Zobeyda
Published: April 2020

La comunicación humana es una característica propia de nuestra vida en sociedad. Nos comunicamos constantemente a través de diferentes medios a lo largo del día; quizás lo primero que hacemos al levantarnos es encender el radio o la televisión, hablamos con nuestros familiares, revisamos nuestro celular para ver si tenemos mensajes o llamadas perdidas; en el carro o en el autobús escuchamos la radio, la conversación de las personas que van a nuestro  lado, leemos los rótulos que nos encontramos en la calle, saludamos a las personas que conocemos;llegamos al trabajo y lo primero que hacemos es revisar nuestro correo electrónico o las redes sociales, leemosel periódico (posiblemente la versión electrónica), en fin, estamos rodeados de mensajes fijados en ese código común llamado lengua.
De Frankfurter Schule en algoritmisch bestuur
Authors: Ossewaarde Ringo
Published: April 2020

The Frankfurt School and algorithmic governance

The Frankfurter Schule offers an interesting intellectual orientation for critical public administration that seeks to unmask problematic political-administrative power structures. It compels public administration scholars to reflect on the policy processes and bureaucratic structures of a technological society, and the legitimizing or criticizing role of public administration scholars in this. A critical public administration that is inspired by the Frankfurter Schule does not accept existing processes and structures. On the contrary, it contests them and uncovers them as a critique of domination, repression, reification, one-dimensionality, bias, erotic deficit and lack of creativity. It is focussed on identifying alternative, more humanizing and democratizing, futures. In this essay the significance of the Frankfurter Schule for critical public administration in technological society is explored. The development of algorithmic governance serves as a case to illustrate critical analysis, to reveal the essence of the Frankfurter Schule, and to show some of its contemporary relevance for critical public administration. Algorithmic governance is portrayed as a type of governance that reinforces existing policy processes and bureaucratic structures of technological society, and is unmasked by critical public administration scholars as a force of reification.
Het klimaat en het subject
Authors: Jhagroe Shivant
Published: April 2020

The climate and the subject Why Foucault is an inspiring thinker for Public Administration scholars

This paper discusses how Michel Foucault’s governmentality approach contributes to our understanding of the climate crisis and climate policy. After adopting a governmentality approach to the domain of climate change, the paper highlights how this approach contrasts with dominant conceptions of governance in Public Administration. Finally, the paper argues that Foucault is an innovative and important thinker and should be considered a classic for critical governance researchers.
Tegendraads betrokken
Authors: Joosse Hans
Published: April 2020

Contrary and concerned. The contribution of complexity theory to the practice and science of Public Administration.

Complexity theory dares to adopt a critical-constructive attitude to the practice and science of public administration. From the worldview of complex systems, it raises questions about the machine thinking that has influenced public administration strongly and persistently. Many contemporary attempts by governments to simplify societal issues to knowable, solvable and controllable problems – for example the approach to transforming Utrecht Central Station and dealing with multi-dimensional problems in families – can be traced back to machine thinking. Complexity theory points to the ineffectiveness and undesirability of simplifications and considers the complexity of government and society a quality that should be increased rather than reduced. Complexity theory not only keeps the administrative mind sharp on simplification reflexes, but also offers the option to make policy by increasing, rather than reducing complexity.
Ontwerpprincipes voor betere burgerparticipatie
Authors: Hurenkamp Menno , Tonkens Evelien
Published: April 2020

Design principles for better citizen participation

Citizen participation is a regular feature of recent legislation and policymaking. However, more often than not, the goals of participation remain implicit. As a consequence, exclusion mechanisms well known from the literature keep coming back. A current example is the Dutch Environment and Planning Act, which is expected to enter into force in 2021. In this article we use this Act to identify the exclusion mechanisms at work and suggest an alternative wording.
Effect of Nafion Dryer and Cooler on Ambient Air Pollutant (O3, SO2, CO) Measurement
Authors: Kim Dong-June , Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Lee Joo-Yeon , Son Dong-Jin , Kim Jo-Chun
Published: April 2020

Water vapor causes many problems in ambient air measurement by absorbing target compounds concerned. In accordance with Korean national standards and international organization for standardization (ISO), water removal devices (WRDs) such as Nafion dryer and Cooler have been applied to analyzers to mitigate or remove the effect of water vapor on the measurement of ambient air pollutants. However, it is not clearly defined which WRDs are suitable for the measurement. Thus, Roll type Nafion dryer (RN), Mono type Nafion dryer (MN), and Cooler (CL) were investigated to figure out their water removal efficiencies and their effect on target compounds. Ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were used as target compounds in this study. Concentrations of O3, SO2, and CO were 100 ppb, 150 ppb, and 25 ppm, respectively. All experiments were conducted at 25°C and 1 atm. Water vapor was varied as 0, 30, 50, and 80% of relative humidity (RH). In general, 10% decrements of O3 and SO2 with respect to relative humidity were clearly observed. In terms of a recovery, all WRDs revealed significant effect on O3 and SO2 recovery. Additionally, water removal of RN was the highest followed by MN and Cooler. Consequently, it was suggested that WRDs should be taken into account according to the chemical and physical specifications of ambient air pollutants of concern.
An eco-incinerator plant using modern waste disposal methods
Authors: Dmochowska Anna
Published: April 2020

Threats associated with municipal waste are a problem applicable to residents of every city.
The amount of waste keeps growing each year. In highly developed countries, the largest
percentage of waste comprises cardboard and waste paper. In Poland, a very significant percentage
of waste is constituted by plastics. Thanks to European Union funds, it is possible to
implement such projects as the construction of the Thermal Waste Processing Plant in Krakow.
The operation of this facility allows for a significant reduction in the volume of waste deposited
on landfills, which is not recyclable concurrently generating green energy for the city. The
aim of the research was to determine the impact of modern techniques of municipal waste
disposal on the ecological safety of city dwellers and the natural environment.
Die Bedeutung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns für Geflüchtete
Authors: Bruttel Oliver , Ohlert Clemens
Published: April 2020

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Bedeutung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns für die Beschäftigungssituation Geflüchteter. Dabei geht es zum einen um die Frage, in welchem Maß der gesetzliche Mindestlohn für die Entlohnung Geflüchteter relevant ist. Dabei zeigt sich auf Basis von Daten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, dass viele Geflüchtete Löhne im Mindest- und Niedriglohnbereich erhalten und auch in Branchen arbeiten, in denen der gesetzliche Mindestlohn eine große Rolle spielt. Zum anderen stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern eine Ausnahme vom gesetzlichen Mindestlohn die Beschäftigungschancen von Geflüchteten verbessern würde. Hier sprechen die vorhandenen (internationalen) Erkenntnisse dafür, dass eine solche Sonderregelung für Geflüchtete kein zielführendes Instrument wäre, um deren Arbeitsmarktintegration zu verbessern.
Tarifpolitischer Jahresbericht 2019: Anhaltende Lohndynamik und neue tarifliche Wahlmodelle
Authors: Schulten Thorsten ,   WSI-Tarifarchiv
Published: April 2020

Der aktuelle jährliche Tarifbericht des WSI-Tarifarchivs umfasst eine ausführliche Analyse der Tarifrunde 2019 mit einem Überblick über Forderungen und Abschlüsse und einer Kalkulation der jährlichen Tarifsteigerungen. Im Durchschnitt stiegen die Tariflöhne im Jahr 2019 nominal um 2,9 %. Angesichts einer Inflationsrate von 1,4 % entspricht dies einem deutlichen Reallohnzuwachs von 1,5 %. Die DGB-Mitgliedsgewerkschaften schlossen 2019 insgesamt für rund 8,4 Mio.Beschäftigte neue Verträge ab. Zugleich profitierten weitere 12,8 Mio. ﻿Beschäftigte größtenteils von Lohnerhöhungen, die bereits 2018 oder früher vereinbart wurden. Außerdem wurden in zahlreichen Branchen Wahloptionen vereinbart, die den Beschäftigten ermöglichen, zwischen Entgelt- und Arbeitszeitkomponenten zu wählen.