bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El indianismo en las novelas gráficas latinoamericanas. Los mayas en las historietas de Julio Berríos y de los hermanos Valdes R.
Authors: Pimenta-Silva Miguel
Published: September 2018

El indigenismo es un tema que tiene alimentado mucha producción científica, en especial en el siglo xx. El presente estudio pretende identificar la presencia de discursos indianistas en las historietas de Julio y Erick Valdes R., así como en la obra de Julio Berríos. Para una equidad metodológica de la análisis fueron seleccionadas las historietas Kavek y Tolák, El joven guerrero maya. Ambas dedicadas a la civilización maya. Pretendemos demostrar como las historietas fueron utilizadas por autores distintos en dos puntos geográficos lejanos (Guatemala y Chile), pero con la misma visión y ambición de utilizar las novelas gráficas como vehículo de critica social y de apoyo y legitimación de las culturas indígenas.
Continuidades de algunos movimientos artísticos rioplatenses : Anna Rank, Marcelo Larrosa y Judith Brítez
Authors: Méndez-Marconi Ma. Eugenia
Published: September 2018

En el siglo XX, se suscitaron fervientemente diversos cambios en el arte, que generaron nuevos paradigmas conceptuales y expresiones estéticas. En el Río de la Plata, surge a partir del retorno del Maestro Joaquín Torres-García a Montevideo en 1934, una nueva manifestación del arte, expuesta y fundamentada por él, a partir de sus múltiples conferencias y publicaciones. En consecuencia, formó el ya mítico Taller Torres-García (TTG), posteriormente denominado Escuela del Sur. En dicho Taller se formaron destacados artistas de gran calidad plástica, entre los cuales podemos nombrar a Augusto y Horacio Torres (ambos hijos del Maestro), Julio Alpuy, Francisco Matto, Anhelo Hernández, Elsa Andrada, entre otros.
Claudia Andujar e Marcello Tassara: O transe yanomami na fotografia e no cinema
Authors: Moraes Ana Carolina Albuquerque de
Published: September 2018

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar duas imagens da série Sonhos (1974-2003), de autoria de Claudia Andujar, fotógrafa suíça naturalizada brasileira, e um trecho do fotofilme Povo da Lua, Povo do Sangue (1985), do diretor brasileiro Marcello Tassara, que utiliza parte do acervo fotográfico de Andujar para criar uma narrativa em defesa do povo Yanomami. De um lado, o texto interroga-se sobre como, nas obras escolhidas, recursos fotográficos e cinematográficos são utilizados para exprimir aspectos do transe alucinógeno de indivíduos da tribo Yanomami, pela inalação da substância denominada yãkoana. De outro, busca significações para essas imagens a partir do modo de pensar yanomami, representado pelo testemunho do xamã Davi Kopenawa no livro A queda do céu.
The Street Vendors Act and the right to public space in Mumbai
Authors: Salès Lola
Published: September 2018

Since the reforms of the 1990s, informal street trading has played an ever-growing role in India’s urban economies. In March 2014, a new federal law protecting the rights of street traders (Street Vendors Act) was adopted, which recognised the legitimacy and legality of their activities through a process of regularisation. This legal arrangement was intended to introduce new modes of governance applicable to public space, which would include street vendors, a marginal population that would now enjoy new opportunities of contributing to the urban future. Nevertheless, hawking is an activity still criminalised by the authorities in Mumbai. It is against the background of widespread competition for urban space and resources that we will analyse the social, political and spatial organisation of street trading and its development, together with the conflicts that arise from it. This article explores the ordinary practices, the social, political and spatial “tactics” and “strategies” employed by street vendors to access and capture public space, at the time of the introduction of the Street Vendors Act. It will examine the different forms of law in practice in the streets of Mumbai, i.e. the transgressions, the fixes and the negotiations, but also the new applications of legal tools in these conflicts. Through these questions, we will consider the new forms of exclusion, focusing on the role of the spatial dimension in these processes.
Prevalence and aetiology of coccidiosis in broiler chickens in Bejaia province, Algeria
Authors: Debbou-Iouknane Nedjima , Benbarek Hama , Ayad Abdelhanine
Published: September 2018

The prevalence of coccidiosis was determined and Eimeria species were identified in farms at different locations in the Bejaia region, Algeria. The study was conducted from February to December 2016. Unvaccinated birds were selected randomly. Samples from litter and faeces were collected randomly (147 and 109, respectively). Necropsy and parasitological examinations were carried out using standard methods. Of the samples examined, 93 out of the 147 litter samples and 78 out of the 109 intestinal content samples were infected with Eimeria oocysts (63.26% and 71.55%, respectively). Mixed infections with Eimeria spp. were observed in some of the positive farms, with an overall prevalence of 54.28%. Five species of Eimeria (viz. E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, E. brunetti and E. mitis) were identified with different indices. Eimeria acervulina followed by E. tenella were the predominant species infecting chickens at the farms visited (32.05% and 26.92%, respectively). Statistically, the most prevalent Eimeria spp. was E. Acervulina (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that coccidiosis is an omnipresent parasitic intestinal disease. It could strongly decrease production performance in broiler chickens.
Approaching the Language of the Second Language Learner: Interlanguage and the Models Before
Authors: Mahmood Ayad Hameed , Murad Ibrahim Mohammed Ali
Published: September 2018

The present paper attempts to provide a critical evaluation of the most prominent pedagogical models that have dealt with the language of the second language (L2) learner starting from the second half of the 20th century. The three most influential approaches in the domain are investigated in this study: contrastive analysis (CA), error analysis (EA), and interlanguage (IL). Each of these models is tackled in terms of its beginning, psychological background, essential tenets, mechanism, and its pedagogical value. Prominently, this work is aimed at teasing apart the confusion that surrounds the fields of acquiring second/foreign language. It also endeavors to clear out the overlapping of both terminology and concept that cloud these areas. Focus is placed on IL owing to the dominant share of attention it has received from researchers and applied linguists who have found many of their questions answered and many information-gaps filled in with this theory. This review paper is an extract of an in-progress PhD dissertation on interlanguage pragmatics of Kurdish university EFL learners, which is an applied study addressing both the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic knowledge of the students.
INDUSTRIES OF ANGKOR PROJECT: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF IRON PRODUCTION AT BOENG KROAM, PREAH KHAN OF KOMPONG SVAY
Authors: Hendrickson Mitch , Pryce T. O. , Sonnemann Till , Phon Kaseka , Hua Quan , Chan Sovichetra
Published: September 2018

The Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) is the first intensive investigation into the history and role of iron production at Preah Khan of Kompong Svay (Preah Khan), the largest regional enclosure complex built by the Angkorian Khmer (9th to 15th c. CE) in Cambodia. We present the initial multidisciplinary research of the primary iron smelting sites located on Boeng Kroam, a large reservoir located north of Preah Khan’s central temple complex. Ground-penetrating radar surveys and excavation at Location 1, a slag concentration on top of the reservoir bank, revealed that it is a deposit of metallurgical waste from a nearby furnace. Multiple radiocarbon dates from Location 1 indicate that the smelting activities took place in the early 15th century during the time of Angkor’s ultimate collapse as the political centre of the Khmer world. This indicates a re-use of spaces by iron workers after the primary occupation of Preah Khan between the 11th and 13th centuries.
A semi-automatic tool to georeference historical landscape images
Authors: Blanc Nicolas , Produit Timothée , Ingensand Jens
Published: September 2018

Smapshot is a web-based participatory virtual globe where users can georeference historical images of the landscape by clicking a minimum of six well identifiable correspondence points between the image and a 3D virtual globe. The images database is expected to grow exponentially. In a near future, the work of the web users will no longer be enough.

To tackle this issue, we developed a semi-automatic process to georeference images. The volunteers will be shown only images having a maximum number of neighbour images in the matching graph. These neighbour images are the ones with which they share some overlay. This overlap is detected using the SIFT algorithm in a pairewise matching process.

For an image pair made of a reference image with a known pose and a query image we want to georeference, we extracted the 3D world coordinates of the tie points from a digital elevation model.

Then, by running a perspective-n-point algorithm after having geometrically tested the resulting homography between the two images, we compute the 6 degree of freedom pose, i.e. the position (X,Y,Z) and orientation (azimuth, tilt and roll angles) of the query image. The query image then becomes a reference and the georeference computation can be propagated more deeply in the graph structure.
Towards an open 3D participatory citizen debate
Authors: Chassin Thibaud , Ingensand Jens , Joerin Florent
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a platform aiming the ease of the debate between citizens. In the early 2010’ies, governments are seeking new ways to be more accountable and transparent towards their citizens; marking a renewal in public participation. In return, citizens are eager to be heard and to use new tools based on information and communication technologies (ICT) like the web 2.0. This public’s empowerment presents some costs for the authorities who are mainly concerned with the loss of decision making power. To face those challenges, several 2D online maps have been developed to help the governments to direct and centralize citizens insights. Those previous collaborating mapping tools helped to identify the characteristics of a reliable platform : user-friendly, simple and accessible (anywhere at any time). In our implementation, we adopted the third dimension which provides numerous benefits : 1. a more effective and effortless visualization, 2. An unbiased representation of the environment, 3. The merge of the participant cognition spaces. From our past experiences, we conceptualized the actors (citizens / facilitator / transcriber) interactions and dynamics in public engagement on-site meeting. From this approach, we evaluated how the utilization of a 3D virtual environment as the support of the participation will reshape and enhance the relation synergies between the actors : 1. Centralization of the interactions within the platform, 2. Automated analysis from the gathered raw information, 3. Reachability of a larger part of the population, 4. Lightening of the participatory processes.
The Use of Conjunctions as Grammatical Cohesion in the Speeches of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan
Authors: Odeh Al-Khalidy Hatmal
Published: September 2018

Halliday and Hasan (1976) differentiated between four types of conjunctions namely, additive, causal, temporal and adversative. Thus, conjunctions are words used to combine two sentences, this paper examines the conjunctions in the speeches of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan based on Halliday and Hasan (ibid). The investigator in this current study selected four different speeches which were delivered by Queen Rania in Jordan and USA in the years 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. The results show that there are some differences in the frequency of additive, causal, adversative and temporal conjunctions. The study concluded that, additive conjunctions were the most frequent conjunctions followed by adversative conjunctions and then causal conjunctions and finally the least occurrences were for temporal conjunctions.
The Parallels of Mobility and Exile in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Before We Meet the Goddess: A Cosmopolitan Reading
Authors: Jeyasingam Shobana , Mani Manimangai , Talif Rosli , Ewan Awang Mohammad
Published: September 2018

Creating new cultures are equally relevant as to preserving one’s identity and roots in this time and age. Kwame Anthony Appiah advocates that one be a rooted cosmopolitan – that we learn from each other’s differences and celebrate diversity. And through this, one creates new cultures by connecting the cultures that one brings along and the cultures of the new environment. Therefore, being mobile through various forms of migration has opened up platforms for inclusivity through diversity. Waldron (1992) asserts that “all individuals are made up of multifarious cultural identities and already identify with an array of cultural obligations.” The Indian diaspora is one community that embraces cosmopolitanism via mobility of culture and migration. Nonetheless, this paper will explore the conflicting notion of how mobility that provides a source of escapism for the characters in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Before We Meet The Goddess eventually leads them to exile from each other. Mobility as a celebrated tenet of cosmopolitanism is embraced by three generations of women for various reasons and yet it has propelled them to a stance of rootlessness as opposed to the rooted cosmopolitan that they could have been. While most research of cosmopolitanism in Indian English fiction centres on the home and nation in developing cosmopolitan identity, this paper seeks to provide an alternate understanding to cosmopolitanism as to how mobility has inadvertently led these characters into exile (mainly from each other) and into a state of being rootless.
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence Enhancement on the Development of EFL Learners’ Listening Skill
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohammad Reza , Khoshsima Hooshang , Zare-Behtash Esmail
Published: September 2018

English language as one of the most important international scientific languages used in Iran (and many other countries) is of crucial importance and a great amount of time and expenses are being invested on learning and teaching it. Increasing the speed of learning this language is certainly an urgent need, as many common people and academicians spend a lot of time on learning it, sometimes without a major breakthrough. Thus, the effect of increasing Emotional Intelligence on Listening Skill was examined in this study in an empirical way. An “Interchange Placement Test” was given to university students who studied English as a Foreign Language (EFL learners) in Iran. Subjects were Intermediate level students who also took an IELTS test, so that the researchers could more exactly evaluate their proficiency in listening skill at the beginning of the project. Next, the Emotional Intelligence of them was evaluated and consequently Emotional Intelligence (EQ/I) was taught. After a one educational-year course of concurrently teaching EI and listening skill, the same IELTS along with the EQ test was administered in treatment and control group. To observe the development in each category, the difference in scores of both EQ and IELTS test (pre-test and post-test) were statistically calculated. Ultimately, it was found that both EI and listening skill of the learners in treatment group were developed in a significant way whereas no significant change was detected in control group who did not receive any instructions on EI. The findings of the study can contribute in the promotion of the knowledge on the effect of emotional intelligence in language learning and also syllabus design.
Customer‐Oriented Evaluation of Vehicle Handling Characteristics
Authors: Mihailescu Adrian , Poltersdorf Stephan , Eckstein Lutz
Published: September 2018

The handling quality of newly developed vehicles has reached a high standard for most car manufacturers. Nevertheless, many vehicle brands attempt to stand out based on the “handling character” of their vehicles. For this purpose, it is crucial to focus development efforts on technological advancements that clearly improve this handling character as perceived by the customer. This requires the possibility to predict customer evaluations of vehicle handling characteristics, preferably in all phases of vehicle development.

The classical method for customer‐oriented handling evaluations are subjective evaluations, where vehicles are evaluated by selected customer groups or trained test drivers. Considering various rules regarding the execution and data analysis, this method can generate valuable results. However, the reproducibility and significance of subjective evaluations is limited because of several (human) factors, whereas the necessary effort remains high. Furthermore, the necessity for costly prototype vehicles conflicts with the increasingly virtual vehicle development process. These problems have led to various approaches to support or even replace subjective evaluations by objective results from measurements or simulations.

This chapter provides an overview on methods of both subjective and objective evaluations and gives practical advice.
Clutch Actuation
Authors: Deur Joško , Ivanović Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Clutch actuator is a mechatronic system that is aimed to provide effective control of a variable that directly influences the clutch torque. The influencing variable is usually the clutch contact surface normal force, whereas in some specific cases of clutches without axial movement, this can be a nonmechanical variable such as the magnetic flux density. This chapter first presents design, principle of operation, and main components of various clutch actuation concepts, including traditional hydraulic and pneumatic systems, more recent electromechanical and electromagnetic systems, and emerging magnetorheological fluid and magnetic particle concepts. Next, the main static and transient features of the clutch actuation system behavior are described. Finally, the basic clutch torque control structures relying on open‐loop force control or closed‐loop position control are presented. This includes description of auxiliary estimation and control subsystems such as adaptive compensation of clutch clearance, actuator mechanism friction compensation, estimation of clutch friction interface temperature, and adaptation to clutch friction coefficient variation.
Launch Control
Authors: Harrison Andrew P.
Published: September 2018

Launch control means many things to different people. It can mean simply the method by which a vehicle accelerates from rest or a dedicated function designed to extract the maximum possible acceleration from a vehicle in a race or simulated race start event.

The manner in which a vehicle moves at low speed can be a dominant feature in determining both the subjective and the objective performances of a vehicle.

Traditional automatic transmissions employ a torque converter as their launch device. The continuous search for better efficiency has led to the development of new transmission concepts (
see
General Introduction—Basic Definitions, Structure of Part 4), many of which employ friction clutches as the launch device.

By combining a friction clutch with an electronic control system, it is possible to maintain many of the desirable attributes of the torque converter while improving the overall system efficiency and also introducing additional features and modes of operation.

This chapter discusses first the attributes most desirable of a modern launch control system and then moves on to discuss common control techniques applied to friction clutches in the modern automobile.
Gas Exchange—Breathing and Air Management
Authors: Payri Francisco , Desantes José M. , Luján José M. , Galindo José , Serrano José R.
Published: September 2018

This chapter summarizes the main concepts of the gas exchange process in reciprocating internal combustion engines. The main indexes used to measure gas exchange process quality are volumetric efficiency and pumping losses; they have been described and analyzed in this chapter. The compressible flow effects in valves and ports, the flow inertia effects in ports and ducts, and the dynamic effects generated by pulsating flow in the intake and exhaust lines have been briefly analyzed in the different subsections. The influence of valve cross section and timing on volumetric efficiency has been discussed in relation with the previously mentioned flow concepts. General relations between those phenomena and variables are provided through the different sections with the aim of highlighting those concepts that are relevant to the automotive engineer for the tasks of designing and diagnosing. Finally, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and pumping work are specifically studied as part of the wider air management concept and as complementary processes to the cylinder gas exchange process.
Intelligent Transport Systems: Markets and Policies
Authors: Shladover Steven E.
Published: September 2018

Automotive vehicles are the mobile elements of a complex road transport system that combines diverse vehicles with the infrastructure on which they drive. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) represent the information technology connections (communications, sensing, computing, and control) that enable the vehicles and infrastructure to function as a well‐regulated integrated system. Implementation of such an integrated system requires cooperation among the roadway infrastructure, motor vehicle, and information technology industries, including both public and private sector organizations. This chapter explains the benefits to be gained from implementation of a wide variety of ITS technologies as well as the challenges of introducing them to the market. The diverse state of ITS development in different regions of the world is described and explained, and some future directions for ITS advancement are suggested.
Technologies—Positioning
GNSS
Authors: Jaschke Klaus P.
Published: September 2018

This chapter gives an overview of global navigation satellite systems (
GNSSs
) from the perspective of existing operational and upcoming systems. These systems are used in a wide range of automotive applications to get the precise time and to determine the position, velocity, and acceleration of vehicles or mobile devices. This chapter mainly focuses on the description of the global positioning system (
GPS
) set up by the United States. The physical principles of satellite navigation and the existing sources of errors of these systems are depicted. It gives an overview of how the position of the user is derived and how some errors could be minimized by using the so‐called augmentation systems. However, there are some errors such as multipath errors that can be resolved only with very expensive systems, for example, dual frequency receivers. The phenomenon of shadowing, for example, due to urban canyons, wet trees, or tunnels cannot be solved by
GNSS
alone. Here, additional sensors are needed. These additional sensor data can also be used for a fusion of the sensor data with
GNSS
data to achieve a better accuracy and higher availability.
Tracking and Navigation for Goods and People
Authors: Kessel Moritz , Werner Martin , Gschwandtner Florian , Linnhoff‐Popien Claudia
Published: September 2018

Indoor positioning has become very popular in recent years. Application scenarios range from pedestrian navigation over asset tracking to automated industrial production. With the variety of uses, also the diversity of indoor positioning methods, technologies, and systems grows. This article explains how indoor positioning works; describes the basic methods such as lateration, dead reckoning, and scene analysis; motivates the need of indoor environmental models; and gives a comprehensive overview on existing and future indoor positioning and tracking systems classified according to the positioning technology in the rough context of automotive telematics and production. One aspect is the design principle and usability of certain methods and technologies for the complex problem of indoor positioning while considering different parameters such as accuracy, coverage, and cost.
Partially ablative radiotherapy (PAR) for large mass tumors using simultaneous integrated boost: A dose‐escalation feasibility study
Authors: Cilla Savino , Deodato Francesco , Ianiro Anna , Macchia Gabriella , Picardi Vincenzo , Buwenge Milly , Cammelli Silvia , Zamagni Alice , Valentini Vincenzo , Morganti Alessio G.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the feasibility to plan and deliver highly heterogeneous doses to symptomatic large tumors using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) during a short course palliative accelerated radiotherapy.

Methods

A patient with a large symptomatic chordoma infiltrating the right gluteal region was selected. A modified SIB treatment was implemented to irradiate the central volume of the tumor (boost target volume, BTV) up to 10 Gy/fraction in a dose escalation trial while maintaining the remaining tumor volume (planning target volume, PTV) and the surrounding healthy tissues within 5 Gy/fraction in twice daily fractions for two consecutive days. Four SIB plans were generated in the dual‐arc modality; a basal dose of 20 Gy was prescribed to the PTV, while the BTV was boosted up to 40 Gy. For comparison purposes, plans obtained with a sequential boost (SEQ plans) were also generated. All plans were optimized to deliver at least 95% of the prescription dose to the targets. Dose contrast index (DCI), conformity index (CI), integral dose (ID), and the irradiated body volumes at 5, 10, and 20 Gy were evaluated.

Results

At equal targets coverage, SIB plans provided major improvement in DCI, CI, and ID with respect to SEQ plans. When BTV dose escalated up to 200% of PTV prescription, DCI resulted in 66% for SIB plans and 37% for SEQ plans; the ID increase was only 11% for SIB plans (vs 27% for SEQ plans) and the increase in healthy tissues receiving more than 5, 10, and 20 Gy was less than 2%. Pretreatment dose verification reported a γ‐value passing rate greater than 95% with 3%(global)‐2 mm.

Conclusion

A modified SIB technique is dosimetrically feasible for large tumors, where doses higher than the tolerance dose of healthy tissues are necessary to increase the therapeutic gain.
Tone of fentanyl hearing suggests Congress taking demand‐side approaches seriously
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2018

An expert on the public health implications of the fentanyl crisis who testified before a U.S. House subcommittee this month reports being pleasantly surprised over a bipartisan focus on demand reduction on the congressional panel. Concerned that the hearing would unfold as a political event around targeting China as the source of the fentanyl problem, University of California, San Francisco professor Daniel Ciccarone, M.D., M.P.H., observed instead that members of Congress are starting to read the science and are realizing that policymakers cannot simply “supply‐side” their way out of the crisis.
‘Hogwash’: Addiction Policy Foundation on opioid bill reports
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2018

Last week, as the Senate headed toward a vote on the opioid package, the Addiction Policy Forum was weathering an attack in the form of almost identical stories in Congressional Quarterly and Politico that said Democrats were opposed to a provision in the bill that favors the advocacy organization. According to both reports, which came out Sept. 5, Democrats objected to the language that would give $10 million a year for five years to an advocacy organization, language that would apply only to the Addiction Policy Forum. The unnamed Democrat staffers, according to the stories, pinned their criticism on the fact that the Addiction Policy Forum receives pharmaceutical funding, something the organization itself announced last December (see ADAW, Jan. 8) but created a minor ruckus after protesters from Minnesota accused the group of a conflict of interest in a story published in The New York Times (see ADAW, Feb. 19, 2018).
Graphene‐Enhanced Nanomaterials for Wall Painting Protection
Authors: Zhu Jinmeng , Li Xuanhua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Jia , Wei Bingqing
Published: September 2018

Wall paintings as the highly valuable treasure have been facing severe damaging problems over the years. Ca(OH)2 as a promising material to protect them has been studied for more than a decade. However, the synthesis methods are still costly, complex, and usually, involve an organic solvent. In addition, problems such as large particle size (>150 nm), slow and weak carbonation, and low consolidation strength for wall paintings remain unsolved. This study demonstrates an unprecedented concept of wall painting protection enabled by graphene‐enhanced nanomaterials through strategically synthesizing Ca(OH)2/graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanohybrids using a facile and economic aqueous method. The nanohybrids are uniform and small (center distribution at about 80 nm) and show strong adhesivity to wall painting pigments. In addition, the anti‐UV absorption ability of the nanohybrids is also a significant advantage. More importantly, the Ca(OH)2 is fully carbonated into a stable CaCO3 crystal phase “calcite” because of the GQD, which is crucial in wall painting consolidation. As a result, the graphene‐enhanced nanohybrids show superior conservation efficiency compared to as‐synthesized Ca(OH)2 and commercial Ca(OH)2 materials. The result opens a new direction for protecting cultural heritage using the newly emerging 2D nanomaterials.
Functional Peptide Nanofibers with Unique Tumor Targeting and Enzyme‐Induced Local Retention Properties
Authors: Bellat Vanessa , Ting Richard , Southard Teresa L. , Vahdat Linda , Molina Henrik , Fernandez Joseph , Aras Omer , Stokol Tracy , Law Benedict
Published: September 2018

An effective tumoral delivery system should show minimal removal by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), promote tumor uptake and penetration, and minimize on‐site clearance. This study reports the design and synthesis of advanced self‐assembling peptide nanofiber precursor (NFP) analogues. The peptidic nature of NFP offers the design flexibility for on‐demand customization with imaging agents and surface charges while maintaining a set size, allowing for real‐time monitoring of kinetic and dynamic tumoral delivery by multimodal fluorescence/positron emission tomography/computed tomography (fluo/PET/CT) imaging, for formulation optimization. The optimized glutathione (GSH)‐NFP displays a reduced capture by the RES as well as excellent tumor targeting and tissue invasion properties compared to naïve NFP. Inside a tumor, GSH‐NFP can structurally transform into ten times larger interfibril networks, serving as in situ depot that promotes weeks‐long local retention. This nanofiber, which can further be designed to release the active pharmacophores within a tumor microenvironment, displays a superior therapeutic efficacy for inhibiting disease progression and improving the survival of animals bearing triple‐negative breast cancer tumors compared to free drug and liposome formulation of the drug, in addition to a favorable toxicity profile.
Mitochondria‐ and Lysosomes‐Targeted Synergistic Chemo‐Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Self‐Monitoring by Dual Light‐Up Fluorescence
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Li Yunxia , Li Shiwu , Gao Meng , Ren Li , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2018

The current cancer therapy faces great challenges on improving the treatment efficiency and overcoming the drug resistance. To tackle these challenges, herein dual‐organelle‐targeted nanoparticles (NPs) are developed with synergistic chemo‐photodynamic therapy functions through self‐assembly of mitochondria‐targeted chemotherapeutic agent AIE‐Mito‐TPP and lysosomes‐targeted photosensitizer AlPcSNa4. The dual‐organelle‐targeted NPs can be quickly taken up by cancer cells through endocytosis and gradually decompose to release AIE‐Mito‐TPP and AlPcSNa4, which, respectively, accumulate in mitochondria and lysosomes. The AIE‐Mito‐TPP can efficiently destroy mitochondrial functions, while the AlPcSNa4 can efficiently destroy lysosomes via reactive oxygen species generation under NIR light irradiation. The dual‐organelle‐targeted drug delivery process can also be self‐monitored by the dual light‐up fluorescence of green‐emissive AIE‐Mito‐TPP and red‐emissive AlPcSNa4. With A375 cells and A375‐bearing nude mice as a model, the theranostic potential of the AIE‐Mito‐TPP/AlPcSNa4 NPs is systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Under NIR light irradiation, the AIE‐Mito‐TPP/AlPcSNa4 NPs show a remarkable cytotoxicity against A375 cells and efficiently inhibit the in vivo tumor growth. Therefore, the theranostic NPs with dual‐organelle‐targeted and synergistic chemo‐photodynamic therapy functions associated with self‐monitoring ability are expected to have promising applications in imaging‐guided precise cancer therapy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Green Ir(III) Complexes with High Current Efficiency and Very Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Maheshwaran Athithan , Kim Hyein , Park Ho‐Yeol , Kim Youngkwang , Lee Jae Chol , Song Myungkwan , Jin Sung‐Ho
Published: September 2018

Three new highly efficient green‐emitting heteroleptic phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes are designed and synthesized for the fabrication of solution‐processable phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Their photophysical, thermal, and electroluminescent (EL) properties are systematically investigated. The Ir(III) complexes comprise an amide‐bridged trifluoromethyl (CF3)‐substituted phenylpyridine unit as the main ligand and picolinic acid (pic) and tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate (tpip) as ancillary ligands. In addition, the 2‐ethoxyethnol (EO2) solubilizing group is attached to the 4‐position of pic ancillary ligand via tandem reaction, which improved the absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and EL performance. The high‐performance solution‐processable PHOLEDs based on the bis[5‐methyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl‐5H‐benzo(c)(1,5)naphthyridin‐6‐one](4‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy picolinate) iridium(III) (Ir1) complex exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.22% and a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 92.44 cd A−1, with the latter being among the best reported CEs achieved though solution processing. In contrast, PHOLEDs with the bis[5‐hexyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl‐5H‐benzo(c)(1,5)naphthyridin‐6‐one] (tetraphenylimidodiphosphinato)iridium (Ir3) complex show extremely low efficiency roll‐off, with an EQEmax of 19.40% and an EQE of 19.29% at 10 000 cd m−2.
A Single Integrated 3D‐Printing Process Customizes Elastic and Sustainable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Chen Shuo , Huang Tao , Zuo Han , Qian Sihao , Guo Yifan , Sun Lijie , Lei Dong , Wu Qilin , Zhu Bo , He Chuanglong , Mo Xiumei , Jeffries Eric , Yu Hao , You Zhengwei
Published: September 2018

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices have gotten great attention in wearable power sources and physiological monitoring. However, the complicated assembling and the molding processing retard their applications. Here, 3D‐printed TENGs (3DP‐TENGs) are designed and readily fabricated by a single integrated process without additional assembling steps. The TENGs contain poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the two electrification components. Conductive CNTs also serve as electrodes. Elastic PGS matrix makes TENGs intrinsically responsive to biomechanical motions leading to robust energy outputs. The hierarchical porous structure of the 3DP‐TENG results in higher output efficiency than traditional molded microporous TENG counterparts. TENGs with different 3D shapes are readily fabricated for different applications. The 3DP‐TENG insole efficiently harvests biomechanical energy to drive electronics. A ring‐shaped TENG acts as a self‐powered sensor to monitor the motion of fingers. Furthermore, the use of bio‐based and biodegradable PGS matrix combining with efficient recycle of CNTs makes 3DP‐TENGs favorable from sustainable perspective. This work provides a new strategy to design and tailor 3D TENGs that will be very useful for diverse electronic applications.
Complementary Logic with Voltage Zero‐Loss and Nano‐Watt Power via Configurable MoS2/WSe2 Gate
Authors: Zhang Heng , Li Chao , Wang Jianlu , Hu Weida , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng
Published: September 2018

Due to the development of 2D material transistors research and preparation process, many fundamental logic units, like inverter and NAND gate, have been achieved to promote large‐scale integration. However, there are critical challenges like voltage loss and large dynamic power consumption for integrated circuits based on 2D semiconductors. Here high‐performance logic devices via different MoS2‐WSe2 configurations, a MoS2‐WSe2 complementary logic transmission gate with the ability to transport electrical level without any voltage loss and a MoS2‐WSe2 complementary logic inverter with small dynamic power consumption and maximum voltage gain of 18 are demonstrated. Furthermore, an essential logic unit like Schmidt flip‐flop is put forward by combining MoS2‐WSe2 inverter and graphene floating gate. The realization of various logics achieved by different MoS2‐WSe2 configurations makes it much easier to fabricate multifunctional system on a chip, which has a significant meaning for the development of high density integrated circuits.
Pressure/Temperature Sensing Bimodal Electronic Skin with Stimulus Discriminability and Linear Sensitivity
Authors: Bae Geun Yeol , Han Joong Tark , Lee Giwon , Lee Siyoung , Kim Sung Won , Park Sangsik , Kwon Jimin , Jung Sungjune , Cho Kilwon
Published: September 2018

Human skin imperfectly discriminates between pressure and temperature stimuli under mixed stimulation, and exhibits nonlinear sensitivity to each stimulus. Despite great advances in the field of electronic skin (E‐skin), the limitations of human skin have not previously been overcome. For the first time, the development of a stimulus‐discriminating and linearly sensitive bimodal E‐skin that can simultaneously detect and discriminate pressure and temperature stimuli in real time is reported. By introducing a novel device design and using a temperature‐independent material, near‐perfect stimulus discriminability is realized. In addition, the hierarchical contact behavior of the surface‐wrinkled microstructure and the optimally reduced graphene oxide in the E‐skin contribute to linear sensitivity to applied pressure/temperature stimuli over wide intensity range. The E‐skin exhibits a linear and high pressure sensitivity of 0.7 kPa−1 up to 25 kPa. Its operation is also robust and exhibits fast response to pressure stimulus within 50 ms. In the case of temperature stimulus, the E‐skin shows a linear and reproducible temperature coefficient of resistance of 0.83% K−1 in the temperature range 22–70 °C and fast response to temperature change within 100 ms. In addition, two types of stimuli are simultaneously detected and discriminated in real time by only impedance measurements.
High Mobilities in Layered InSe Transistors with Indium‐Encapsulation‐Induced Surface Charge Doping
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Lin Che‐Yi , Yang Shih‐Hsien , Chang Yuan‐Ming , Chang Jen‐Kuei , Yang Feng‐Shou , Zhong Chaorong , Jian Wen‐Bin , Lien Chen‐Hsin , Ho Ching‐Hwa , Liu Heng‐Jui , Huang Rong , Li Wenwu , Lin Yen‐Fu , Chu Junhao
Published: September 2018

Tunability and stability in the electrical properties of 2D semiconductors pave the way for their practical applications in logic devices. A robust layered indium selenide (InSe) field‐effect transistor (FET) with superior controlled stability is demonstrated by depositing an indium (In) doping layer. The optimized InSe FETs deliver an unprecedented high electron mobility up to 3700 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, which can be retained with 60% after 1 month. Further insight into the evolution of the position of the Fermi level and the microscopic device structure with different In thicknesses demonstrates an enhanced electron‐doping behavior at the In/InSe interface. Furthermore, the contact resistance is also improved through the In insertion between InSe and Au electrodes, which coincides with the analysis of the low‐frequency noise. The carrier fluctuation is attributed to the dominance of the phonon scattering events, which agrees with the observation of the temperature‐dependent mobility. Finally, the flexible functionalities of the logic‐circuit applications, for instance, inverter and not‐and (NAND)/not‐or (NOR) gates, are determined with these surface‐doping InSe FETs, which establish a paradigm for 2D‐based materials to overcome the bottleneck in the development of electronic devices.
Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence from a Flexible and Transparent Doped Polymer
Authors: Lin Zesen , Kabe Ryota , Nishimura Naohiro , Jinnai Kazuya , Adachi Chihaya
Published: September 2018

Long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have a wide range of applications, such as in architectural decorations, safety signs, watch dials, and glow‐in‐the‐dark toys. Present LPL materials based on inorganics must be processed into powders and blended with polymer matrices before use. However, micropowders of inorganic LPL materials show poor compatibility with common polymers, limiting the mechanical properties and transparency of the composites. Here, a polymer‐based organic LPL (OLPL) system that is flexible, transparent, and solution processable is reported. Following low‐power excitation at room temperature, this polymer‐based OLPL system exhibits LPL after phosphorescence from the donor.
All‐Inorganic CsPbBr3 Nanowire Based Plasmonic Lasers
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Chen Jie , Mi Yang , Sui Xinyu , Zhang Shuai , Du Wenna , Wang Rui , Shi Jia , Wu Xianxin , Qiu Xiaohui , Qin Zhaozhao , Zhang Qing , Liu Xinfeng
Published: September 2018

Plasmonic nanolaser holds great potential in breaking down the diffraction limit of conventional optics to the deep sub‐wavelength regime and in ultrafast lasing dynamics. However, plasmonic laser devices are constrained in practical applications due to their high cost and high thresholds. All‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites are promising solutions for their excellent optical gain properties and high emission efficiency. In this work, high‐quality single‐crystalline CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires (NWs) are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method. The plasmonic lasing is achieved from the CsPbBr3 nanowire based plasmonic devices with lasing threshold down to ≈6.5 µJ cm−2 at room temperature. The highly polarized emission parallel to nanowire axis and polarization‐sensitive pump response confirm the plasmonic characteristic in these devices. Furthermore, time‐resolved photoluminescence study suggests that the radiative recombination lifetime of CsPbBr3 NW is shortened by a factor of ≈6.14 due to Purcell effect. The lasing threshold of plasmonic device increases along with the nanowire length, indicating greater potential in small size and integration in plasmonic device than its photonic counterparts. The results not only provide a solution to fabricate low‐cost nanowire based plasmonic lasers, but also advocate the prospect of all‐inorganic perovskite nanowires as promising candidates in plasmonic‐based devices.
Metal‐Organic Framework Mediated Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zeng Jin‐Yue , Wang Xiao‐Shuang , Song Wen‐Fang , Cheng Han , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: September 2018

In the past few years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with high surface area, large pore volume, and tunable composition have attracted much research attention due to their applications in the fields of drug delivery and cancer treatment. In this review, the authors summarize the recent developments in the field of MOFs‐based multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
A New Version of the Lithium Ion Conducting Plastic Crystal Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Klein Iolanda S. , Zhao Zuofeng , Davidowski Stephen K. , Yarger Jeffery L. , Angell C. Austen
Published: September 2018

Portable electronic devices are predominantly powered by lithium ion batteries in which the electrolyte is a liquid or gel of lithium salts dissolved in molecular solvents. There have been many attempts to replace the flammable liquid component of the electrolyte by alternative alkali metal transporting media, such as superionic crystals, alkali‐conducting glassy solids, ionic liquids, salt‐in‐molecular plastic crystal solvent, and salt‐in‐ionic plastic crystal solvents. Except for the first two of the above, which have their own problems, all the above have the disadvantage that the alkali cation is the least mobile of the ionic species due to its high charge/radius ratio. Here, some new, silylsulfate‐based are introduced. Members of the class of lithium ion conductor in which the alkali ion is the only cationic species present, and the salt itself is a plastic crystal, a solid in which the anion centers of mass are ordered, but the anion orientations are disordered and dynamic (best example NaCB9H10, see text). It is shown that depending on the nature of the anion, the conductivity may be within a factor of two of the standard liquid carbonate electrolyte. The soft, spreadable electrolyte, impregnated in Celgard separators, supports truly reversible Li insertion into the LiCoO2 cathode.
Fe/Co Double Hydroxide/Oxide Nanoparticles on N‐Doped CNTs as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Liquid and Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Wu Mingjie , Wei Qiliang , Zhang Gaixia , Qiao Jinli , Wu Mingxing , Zhang Jihai , Gong Qiaojuan , Sun Shuhui
Published: September 2018

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the cornerstones of rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). The exploration and rational design of high‐performance, durable, and nonprecious metal bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is highly desired for the large‐scale application of rechargeable ZABs. Herein, an effective and straightforward coupling approach is developed to fabricate high‐performance bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts based on novel nanostructured amorphous bimetal Fe/Co hydroxide/oxide nanoparticles (10–20 nm) inlaid on multiwalled N‐dopted carbon nanotubes (FeCo‐DHO/NCNTs). Fe/Co nanoparticles achieve a maximum contact area on the NCNTs, effectively facilitating the rapid electron transport and preventing the aggregation of nanoparticles. Consequently, the as‐prepared FeCo‐DHO/NCNTs show a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V for ORR and a low operating potential of 1.55 V at 10 mA cm−2 for OER in 1.0 m KOH, superior to most bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts reported so far. Moreover, the assembled all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries with FeCo‐DHO/NCNTs catalyst as the air electrode demonstrate remarkable stability over long‐term cycling and excellent charging–discharging performance, with a low voltage gap (1.085 V at 60 mA cm−2) and high energy efficiency (60% at 10 mA cm−2) under ambient conditions.