bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living Lab for the Diffusion of Enabling Technologies in Agriculture: The Case of Sicily in the Mediterranean Context
Authors: Timpanaro Giuseppe , Foti Vera Teresa , Cascone Giulio , Trovato Manuela , Grasso Alessandro , Vindigni Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Enabling technologies (KETs) offer transformative potential for agriculture by addressing major challenges such as climate change, resource efficiency, and sustainable development across economic, social, and environmental dimensions. However, KET adoption is often limited by high R&D requirements, rapid innovation cycles, investment costs, and cultural or training barriers, especially among small agricultural businesses. Sicily's agricultural sector, already strained by pandemic-related economic setbacks and inflationary pressures, faces additional barriers in adopting these technologies. To investigate these adoption challenges and develop viable solutions, the ARIA Living Lab (Agritech Research Innovation Environment) was established within the PNRR framework. A qualitative approach was used, involving documentary analysis and data from stakeholders across Sicilian agriculture. This approach enabled an in-depth exploration of sector-specific needs, infrastructure, and socio-economic factors influencing KET adoption. The analysis highlighted that adoption barriers differ significantly across sectors (citrus, olive, and wine), with public incentives and digital infrastructure playing key roles. However, a persistent lack of technical skills among farmers reduces the effectiveness of these innovations. The findings suggest that an integrated approach—combining targeted incentives, training, and enhanced infrastructure—is essential for a sustainable transition to KETs. Future research should examine collaborative efforts between farms and tech providers and evaluate the impact of public policies in promoting the widespread, informed adoption of enabling technologies.
Yield, Composition and Chemotypes of Essential Oils from Origanum vulgare L. Aerial Parts Cultivated in Different Euro-Pean Countries
Authors: Raal Ain , Gontova Tetiana , Ivask Anu , Orav Anne , Koshovyi Oleh
Published: December 2024

Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries for the needs for which this raw material is cultivated. O. vulgare is a polymorphic species with subspecies, which differ in the structure of their reproductive organs, the location of essential oil (EO) trichomes, and the composition of EO. Therefore, it is very important to identify the most valuable chemotypes of the species and cultivate them more widely. The aim of the research was to study the chemical composition of O. vulgare EO from aerial parts (n=17) of cultivated plants (leaves, leaves and flowers, flowering tops) from different European countries (n=5), to determine the dynamics of EO yield and its components accumulation depending on vegetation phases, and to establish chemotypes of O. vulgare, which are the most promising for cultivation. EOs from the raw materials were obtained by hydrodistillation according to the European Pharmacopoeia method; their analysis was carried out by GC-MS. 17 studied samples of O. vulgare aerial parts from Estonia, Turkey, Scotland, Moldova and Italy contained 1.9 - 11.0 mL/kg of EO. The highest yields of the EO have been found in the samples from Moldova (11.0 mL/kg) and Italy (9.3 mL/kg). In total, 89 substances were identified in the studied EOs, and the ratios of terpene groups and correlations between the content of individual components were established. The highest content of EO was noted in the phase of full flowering (5.1 mL/kg), and in the phase of the end of blooming, the EO oil content slightly decreased (4.8 mL/kg). The six chemotypes of O. vulgare rich in 1) caryophyllene oxide; 2) sabinene; 3) caryophyllene oxide - (E)-β-caryophyllene; 4) (E)-β-caryophyllene; 5) carvacrol, and 6) thymol - carvacrol were found. In terms of quantitative EO content of O. vulgare, none of the studied samples (n=17) and in terms of total carvacrol and thymol, most of the samples (n=15) did not meet the minimum standards of the European Pharmacopoeia. When cultivating O. vulgare for the pharmaceutical industry, it is necessary to proceed from plant propagation material rich in EO and chemotypes rich in carvacrol and thymol.
Theta-Burst Stimulation of the Right Temporoparietal Junction and Implicit Theory of Mind in Autism
Authors: Hallajian Amir-Homayun , Dehghani-Arani Fateme , Sima Sepehr , Heydari Amirmahdi , Sharifi Kiomars , Rahmati Yasamin , Rostami Reza , Vaziri Zahra , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2024

Background: Theory of mind (ToM) or mentalizing, is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and is altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent evidence suggest that implicit, rather than explicit ToM is impaired in individuals with ASD. The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which plays a crucial role in ToM, has altered activity in ASD and can be targeted by noninvasive brain stimulation. Methods: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, we investigated for the first time the effects of theta-burst stimulation of the rTPJ on implicit ToM and egocentric bias in seventeen adolescents with ASD. Participants (mean age = 13.84±3.32) were randomly assigned to three sessions each of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), and sham stimulation. Stimulation intensity was set to 80% of the active motor threshold during cTBS and iTBS, with the coil centered on the rTPJ (CP6). Immediately after each stimulation, cognitive correlates of ToM, including implicit mentalizing and egocentric bias, were evaluated using the computerized Buzz-lightyear task. Results: Our results show that both cTBS and iTBS significantly improved implicit ToM in participants as compared to sham stimulation, with cTBS being more effective than iTBS. No effect of stimulation was, however, found on the egocentric bias index. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a causal link between the rTPJ activation and implicit mentalizing in ASD, suggesting that theta-burst stimulation of this region can be used to enhance ToM in ASD. Targeting the rTPJ may improve implicit mentalizing in ASD and other disorders with impaired ToM.
Adoptive Transfer of CX3CR1-Transduced Tregs Homing to the Forebrain in LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and 3xTg Alzheimer's Disease Models
Authors: Yang Hyejin , Yang Juwon , Park Namgyeong , Hwang Deok-Sang , Park Seon-Young , Kim Soyoung , Bae Hyunsu
Published: December 2024

CX3CR1-transduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) have shown potential in reducing neuroinflammation by targeting microglial activation. Reactive microglia are implicated in neurological disorders, and CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling modulates microglial activity. The ability of CX3CR1-transduced Tregs to inhibit LPS-induced neuroinflammation was assessed in animal models. CX3CR1 Tregs were administered to LPS-induced and 3xTG Alzheimer’s mouse models, resulting in reduced proinflammatory marker expression in both the cortices and hippocampi. In the 3xTG Alzheimer’s model, neuroinflammation was significantly reduced, demonstrating the efficacy of CX3CR1 Tregs even in chronic neuroinflammatory conditions. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of CX3CR1 Treg therapy in modulating microglial activity and offer promising treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Research on Effects of FDM Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Based on Orthogonal Experiments
Authors: Yang Yuan , Wang Changxu , Wang Yiyang , Xue Bowen , Kong Duozhao
Published: December 2024

Using polylactic acid (PLA) filament as the printing material for fused deposition modeling (FDM), and tensile and bending strength as optimization indexes, the influence of four process parameters, printing speed, layer thickness, nozzle temperature, and raster angle, on mechanical properties of PLA specimens in FDM are investigated by orthogonal experiments. The mechanical responses of the printed specimens are explored through tensile and three-point bending tests. Range analysis method is used to investigate the effects of various process parameters on mechanical properties. The optimal combination of printing parameters is obtained through comprehensive evaluation method and comprehensive scoring method, and the correctness of the results is experimentally verified. The optimal process parameters are h=0.1mm, t=210 ℃, v=40 mm/s, and θ= 45°/-45°, and the corresponding tensile strength and bending strength are 26.34MPa and 41.54MPa, respectively.
Short-term Vegetation Stress Monitoring Mapping With Machine Learning
Authors: Dada Emmanuel , Arthur Eric , Arseniou Georgios
Published: December 2024

The study focused on short-time vegetation stress monitoring mapping using machine learning technique. Two Russiches Basilicum plants were experimented to observed changes in plants health trend by measuring the vegetative indices. One of the plants was regularly watered and exposed to sunlight to absorb chlorophyll while the other plant was deprived of water and exposure to sunlight. Cannon Rebel Tli 500D NDVI camera with two bands of near infrared and blue was used to capture the images of both plants daily. Three vegetation indices of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Transformed Difference Vegetation Index (TDVI), and Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI) were computed as basic indices for vegetation stressed map evaluation and observation. MATLAB multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing was used for the image processing and calculation of values for various vegetation indices computed for this project. K-means unsupervised classification method was used to separate the background from the foreground for robust analysis by assigning labels of 0 to the background and 1 to the foreground. The plant pixels were categorized into0.2 – 0.4 as normal, 0.4 – 0.6 were moderately healthy, and above 0.6 as healthy. A time series analysis of the various indices was carried out to visualize the result in graphs in order to evaluate and compare the trend of depreciation of the unhealthy plant as well as growth trend of the healthy plant. The result shows that the stressed plant died after 38 days with 0 pixel count of its health condition while the healthy plant still continue to blossom arithmetically at the average pixel count of 509 pixel growth increased daily.
Retrial Queue with a Finite Number of Orbits for Failed Attempts to Access the Server and Search of Customers from Last Orbit
Authors: Mathew Ambily P. , Joshua Varghese C. , Krishnamoorthy Achyutha , Melikov Agassi , Sztrik Janos
Published: December 2024

Customers arrive at a single server queue with a finite sequence M of orbits for retrial customers based on the number of retrials made by each customer. Of these M orbits, the first M−1 are of finite capacities and the last one ( marked M) is of infinite capacity. Primary arrivals who are unable to access the server upon arrival, go to an orbit of finite capacity. From this orbit customers retry; those who fail to access the server join a second orbit of size larger than the first one and retry to access the server. Finally, they join the Mth orbit (after M−1 repeated trials). Retrials from all the orbits are assumed to be linear. Retrials occur from the Mth orbit and if those were unsuccessful, each customer will come back to the Mth orbit itself with probability q whereas with probability 1−q, leaves the system. Also after each service completion epoch, the server goes in search of customers from the Mth orbit with probability p. With probability 1−p the server remains idle. Steady-state analysis has been done. Various measures of performance are calculated. We analyze this retrial queuing model graphically as well as numerically. We also analyze the model for the optimum value of search probability. Some probability distributions of interest related to the model, have been derived.
Multi-Size Voxel Cube (MSVC) Algorithm – A Novel Method for Dense Point Clouds Terrain Filtering Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Štroner Martin , Boušek Martin , Kučera Jakub , Váchová Hana , Urban Rudolf
Published: December 2024

Many filters for ground filters have been developed. However, when filtering highly rugged terrain from dense point clouds (particularly in technical applications such as civil engineering), most widely used filtering approaches yield suboptimal results. Here, we proposed and tested a novel ground-filtering algorithm utilizing a deep neural network. It is based on the voxelization of the cloud, classification of individual voxels as ground or non-ground, and gradual reduction of voxel size. Individual voxels are classified using surrounding voxels (a “voxel cube” of 9x9x9 voxels). We have tested this algorithm on two dense point clouds capturing highly rugged areas with dense vegetation cover. The performance of the multi-size voxel cube (MSVC) algorithm was compared with that of the widely used cloth simulation filter (CSF). Manually classified terrain was used as the reference. MSVC consistently outperformed the CSF filter in terms of correctly identified ground points, correctly identified non-ground points, balanced accuracy, and F-score. Another advantage of this filter lies in its easy adaptability to any type of terrain, enabled by the utilization of machine learning. The only disadvantage lies in the necessity to prepare training data containing features that are present in the point cloud to be filtered. On the other hand, we aim to account for this in the future by producing neural networks trained for individual landscape types thus eliminating this phase of the work.
Impact of COVID-19 on Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Examining the Influence of in-Person and Telehealth Intervention on Outcomes Using Real-World Data
Authors: Mancheño-Velasco Cinta , Narvaez-Camargo Marta , Dacosta-Sánchez Daniel , De la Rosa-Cáceres Ana , Lozano Oscar M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Telehealth services have experienced a rapid implementation in addiction centres in the aftermath of the COVID pandemic. Several studies highlight the usefulness of telehealth activities. However, there are relatively fewer studies using real-world data, evaluating its effectiveness across different moments in time. The present study analyse the evolution, patient profile and effectiveness of an hybrid care modality (in-person and telehealth) versus an only in-person patient care modality.
Methods: Retrospective observational study with data collected between 03/14/2019 and 06/21/2023. The electronic health records of 44930 patients were analysed according to different moments, selected based on the different health measures imposed by the COVID pandemic. Patients were classified according to whether they received an in-person or hybrid intervention. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression analysis were applied.
Results: The trend over time shows an increase in the number of patients seen in addiction centres. However, there are no notable changes within the in-person care modality, and a modest increase in telehealth services is observed. Telehealth is primarily used among patients with opiate addiction, as well as with those with comorbid mental disorders. Logistic regression analysis shows that patients in a hybrid modality are more likely to remain in treatment.
Conclusions: The study shows that hybrid care is associated with higher patient’s retention rates. Despite this, different profiles are mostly treated with in-person interventions rather than on hybrid modalities. Future studies should look further into how to personalize hybrid care so that it becomes more widespread among SUD patients.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
Authors: Ravi Sunil Kumar , Shabnam Srushti , Thupakula Saraswathi , Narne Vijaya Kumar , Yerraguntla Krishna , Almudhi Abdulaziz , Madathodiyil Irfana , Sajan Feby , Jacob Ria
Published: December 2024

Background: Voice disorders significantly impact individuals' physical, functional, and emotional well-being, necessitating comprehensive assessment tools. The Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS) assesses the frequency and severity of vocal discomfort symptoms. Despite its global adaptations, no validated Malayalam version existed. This study aimed to adapt and validate the VTDS for Malayalam speakers (VTDS-M). Method: The study was conducted in two phases: Phase I involved translation and cultural adaptation of VTDS into Malayalam, followed by content validation by native-speaking Speech-Language Pathologists; Phase II involved validation of VTDS-M on 150 professional voice users, categorized into normophonic (n=105) and dysphonic (n=45) groups based on otolaryngological and perceptual voice evaluations. Participants completed VTDS-M and VHI-M (Voice Handicap Index-Malayalam). Results: The results showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.827 for frequency, 0.813 for severity). Significant differences were observed between groups for VTDS-M subscales and total scores, confirming its discriminatory capability. ROC analysis established a cut-off score of 11.5, with an AROC of 0.749, 64.4% sensitivity, and 79.0% specificity. Also, VTDS-M correlated positively with VHI-M, especially the physical and emotional subscales. Conclusion: VTDS-M demonstrated reliable psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for assessing vocal discomfort in Malayalam-speaking populations. Future studies should explore its applicability in individuals with moderate and severe dysphonia.
The Role of Open-Source Bioinformatics Tools in Resource Limited African Settings
Authors: Mbisva Shandirai
Published: December 2024

Bioinformatics is revolutionizing biological research and healthcare globally. However, many African countries face significant barriers due to limited access to proprietary tools and infrastructure. Open-source bioinformatics tools offer a transformative, cost-effective alternative, enabling scientific progress despite these challenges. This study examines the impact and practical applications of open-source bioinformatics tools in resource-limited African settings, focusing on their role in genomics, drug discovery, disease surveillance, and structural biology. The study analyzed documented cases and published research across various fields, highlighting the use of tools like Bioconductor, Nextstrain, and AutoDock. It incorporated insights from genomic analyses, molecular docking studies, and disease-tracking platforms. The main results showed that Open-source tools have facilitated high-quality, impactful research in the following areas which are Genomics studies on sickle cell anemia, in Nigeria they identified novel SNPs using FASTQC and BWA, improving genetic counseling and personalized treatments. Crop genomics research in Kenya pinpointed drought-resistance genes, enhancing food security. Disease Surveillance, during the Ebola and COVID-19 outbreaks, platforms like Nextstrain enabled real-time tracking of viral mutations, influencing public health responses and vaccination strategies. Computational docking with AutoDock identified promising antimalarial and MDR-TB drug candidates in Uganda and South Africa, combining traditional knowledge with modern technology. African contributions to the Protein Data Bank (PDB) have provided vital insights for developing disease-specific treatments, such as targeting malaria-related proteins. Open-source bioinformatics tools are essential for overcoming financial and infrastructural constraints, fostering innovation, and addressing critical health and agricultural challenges. Enhanced infrastructure, better internet access, and increased local training programs are crucial for their sustained impact. Expanding African representation in global databases like PDB will further amplify their relevance. Despite challenges, the widespread adoption of open-source tools can drive significant scientific advancement and public health improvements across Africa. Strengthening local infrastructure and training networks will unlock their full potential, enabling Africa to contribute meaningfully to global science.
DNA Methylation Profile in Buffy Coat Identifies Methylation Differences Between Cirrhosis with and Without Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Hyeyeun , El-Serag2 Hashem , Luster Michelle , Grove Megan L. , Byun Jinyoung , Jung Yuri , Han Younghun , Boerwinkle Eric , Amos Christopher I. , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: December 2024

Background/ Objectives: Cirrhosis is the precursor to most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the transition from cirrhosis to HCC and identifying key biomarkers is crucial to developing effective screening strategies and reducing HCC-related mortality. DNA methylation is associated with gene inactivation and plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes; however, its role in cirrhosis progression to HCC is unknown. Methods: We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPI BeadChip, in pre-diagnostic samples from 22 cirrhosis patients who subsequently developed HCC and 22 cirrhosis patients who remained HCCfree during an average 4-year follow-up. In a secondary analysis, we examined a subset of patients without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Results: We identified three differentially methylated positions (DMPs) located in ADAM12 (cg13674437) and PSD3 (cg06758847 and cg24595678) that show a strong association with HCC risk (lower median vs. higher median hazards ratio (HR): HR cg13674437=0.34, 95% CI=0.14 – 0.83; HR cg06758847=4.89, 95% CI=1.79 – 13.33; HR cg24595678=11.19, 95% CI=3.27 – 38.35). After excluding all HCV-active patients from our analysis, HR for the DMPs remained as significant. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings in this study support that buffy coat-derived DNA methylation markers could be used to identify biomarkers among cirrhosis patients at high risk for HCC before clinical symptoms appear. A further multi-omics study with a large prospective cohort is required to validate these findings.
Biophilic Urbanism from Macro to Micro:
Enhancing Urban Nature through Experience and Design
Authors: Lefosse Deborah C. , Naghibi Maryam , Luo Sitong , Van Timmeren Arjan
Published: December 2024

As urban density increases and cities expand, urban livability decreases, closely linked to social, economic, and environmental crises. To address these negative impacts, Biophilic Urbanism (BU) promotes human-nature interactions and their associated benefits. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding its effectiveness across different scales. This study explores how BU contributes to improving livability in the built environment and renewing urban landscapes. Using Amsterdam as a case study, we first identify biophilic experiences by analyzing them through quantitative, qualitative, and spatial distribution metrics. We then investigate design opportunities to foster biophilia by applying BU tools aimed at enhancing interspecies connections and leveraging ecosystem services. In the form of maps, our findings provide evidence-based insights to benefit from nature in everyday life at both the micro- and macro-scales, along with design solutions to renew urban planning focused on human and environmental wellbeing, involving citizens in spatial transformation and maintenance processes. Finally, we advocate for BU as a holistic model that uses natural capital as a key strategy for making cities more equitable, sustainable, and resilient.
Mortality in Antinuclear Antibody-Positive Patients with and Without Rheumatologic Immune-Related Disorders: A Large-Scale Population-Based Study
Authors: Shani Uria , David Paula , Balassiano Strosberg Ilana , Regev Ohad , Yihia Mohamad , Ben-Shabat Niv , McGonagle Dennis , Weinstein Orly , Amital Howard , Watad Abdulla
Published: December 2024

Background & Objectives: To explore the potential association between positive ANA serology and all-cause mortality in a large cohort of patients, including those with and without rheumatological conditions and other immune-related diseases. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed all-cause mortality among 205,862 patients from Clalit Health Services (CHS), Israel's largest health maintenance organization (HMO). We compared patients aged 18 and older with positive ANA serology (n=102,931) to an equal number of ANA-negative controls (n=102,931). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess hazard ratios (HR) for mortality, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Results: ANA positivity was strongly associated with increased mortality (adjusted HR [aHR] 4.62; 95% CI 4.5-4.7, p<0.001). Significant predictors of mortality included male gender (39.2% vs. 24.4%, p<0.001), older age at testing (72.4 ± 13.0 vs. 50.1 ± 17.3 years, p<0.001), and Jewish ethnicity (89.6% vs. 83.2%, p<0.001). Certain ANA patterns, such as mitochondrial and dense fine speckled (DFS), were highly predictive of mortality, with aHRs of 36.14 (95% CI 29.78-43.85) and 29.77 (95% CI 26.58-33.34), respectively. ANA-positive patients with comorbid rheumatological immune-related disorders (RIRDs) demonstrated a higher survival rate compared to those without such a condition (aHR 0.9, 95% CI 0.86–0.95, p < 0.001). This finding remained significant after adjusting for several parameters, including age. Conclusion: ANA positivity is associated with increased all-cause mortality, particularly in individuals without rheumatologic disorders, after adjusting for confounders such as age. This may indicate occult malignancies, cardiovascular pathology, or chronic inflammatory states, necessitating more vigilant surveillance.
A Computational Framework for Ismail’s Contemporary Pointwise Stationary Fluid Approximation TheoryThe Non-Stationary Ek/M/1 Queue Transitions Between Stability, Traffic Intensity and Chaos
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail , Nazir Abdul Raheem
Published: December 2024

This work explores the stability, traffic intensity, and chaotic phases in dynamic systems by iteratively approximating the sigma function (σ). Using Python as a computational tool, we calculate and visualize the relationship between parameters such as and . The analysis identifies transitions between stable and unstable phases, providing insights into system behaviour. Comparisons to foundational studies, has revealed novel contributions and validate the robustness of our algorithm. It is to be noted that, the current work provides new contributions to Ismail’s Contemporary Pointwise Stationary Fluid Approximation Theory, through offering a comprehensive computational framework for exploring dynamic system behaviours across varying parameters.
Spatial Decision Support System for Multi-Risk Assessment of Post-Mining Hazards
Authors: Haske Benjamin , Al Heib Marwan , Inojosa Vinicius , Bouaziz Moncef
Published: December 2024

The closure of coal and lignite mines has the potential to result in long-term environmental risks and socio-economic issues. The concept described in this article aims to improve the hazard assessment and risk management of former mining regions in a European project funded by the Research Fund for Coal and Steel. A multidisciplinary approach integrates historic, geological, topographical, environmental and socio-economic aspects to support stakeholders at different decision-making levels in the risk assessment and possible mitigation. The individual hazards (post-mining, natural, and technical) are weighted using expert knowledge, their interaction analyzed, and then combined into a spatial multi-hazard index. Together with the other risk factors of social vulnerability and exposure a comprehensive, spatial risk map can be created automatically for individual regions using open-source components. In addition, GIS and statistical tools enable further analysis and visualization for decision-making by the relevant stakeholders. The methodology is validated through the examination of case studies conducted in various European countries within the scope of the project.
Do Preservation Values Conflict with Energy Optimization in Historic Buildings? Status and Potentials from a Danish Perspective
Authors: Jensen Jesper Ole , Jensen Ole Michael , Kragh Jesper
Published: December 2024

Energy optimization of historic buildings is often perceived as a threat to their cultural values. This paper examines this assumption. Firstly, we assess the actual energy performance of historic apartment buildings in Denmark using a register-based approach with 20,000 historic apartment buildings of high preservation value. Secondly, we explore the potential for energy improvements in historic buildings by analyzing typical interventions that have been implemented to achieve an EPC label C. Thirdly, we discuss whether these interventions pose a threat to the preservation values of historic buildings and how local authorities might address this challenge. We present three examples of energy optimization in historic apartment buildings, ranging from step-by-step renovations to larger renovations and transformations of historic buildings. The study finds that historic apartment buildings perform at least as well as traditional buildings from the same period in terms of energy efficiency, and there is significant potential for further improvements. However, there are large variations across different types of municipalities. Finally, we observe that most interventions are based on conventional solutions with limited impact on preservation values. We discuss how more radical interventions can be managed through dialogue between local authorities, building owners, and consultants.
Novel Strategies for Tracing Animal and Human Sources of Envelope Virus Outbreaks
Authors: Tozzi Arturo
Published: December 2024

Envelope viruses infecting human individuals can originate from two sources: either from an intermediary animal that transmits the virus to humans, or from another infected human. During a pandemic such as SARS-CoV-2, identifying the intermediate host or the primary human source presents a significant challenge. This complex task is typically addressed through genetics-based approaches, including metagenomic analysis, phylogenetic and phylodynamic rooting methods, integrated with epidemic simulations. We propose a novel method to investigate these primary viral sources. During their replication cycle, envelope viruses hijack materials from host cellular compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus (GA) and the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Biochemical, morphological, and functional differences in the membranes of ER, GA, and ERGIC can be detected not only across mammalian species but also among individual humans. These variations arise from a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, environmental, and age-related factors. We propose utilizing lipidomics to identify unique lipid signatures in the compositions of the viral envelopes that are co-opted from the host cell’s organelles. Since interspecies and interhuman lipidic differences could significantly impact the composition of viral envelopes derived from host membranes, molecular disparities might serve as critical markers for tracing the source of viral particles. This approach could enable the identification not only of the mammalian sources of human spillover, but also provide insights into the age, medical condition, genetics, and ethnic background of the first human host.
An Approach for Spatial Statistical Modelling Remote Sensing Data of Land Cover by Fusing Data of Different Types
Authors: Belmonte Antonella , Riefolo Carmela , Buttafuoco Gabriele , Castrignanò Annamaria
Published: December 2024

KThe article discusses the application of spatial statistical models in Remote Sensing (RS), which appears to be an important source of spatial data at multiple scales. However, to derive the maximum information, it is necessary to apply appropriate techniques of spatial statistics by de-fining a spatial statistical model. A crucial problem facing us is the fusion of multi-source spatial data of different nature and characteristics. One of these properties is the support of measurement, which unfortunately is little considered in RS. Therefore, a multivariate geostatistical approach is proposed that can fuse data of different types, including soil sample, hyperspectral, multispectral UAV and satellite data, considering the various supports and their impacts on prediction and its uncertainty. The method is applied to soil data after filtering UAV images of an olive grove. The fusion of soil sample data with hyperspectral data measured in the laboratory, UAV and satellite data (Planet and Sentinel 2) improved the prediction accuracy of the soil properties compared with univariate prediction. It is hopeful that advanced spatial statistical techniques will be increasingly applied in RS in the future.
Beyond Misfolding: A New Paradigm for the Relationship Between Protein Folding and Aggregation
Authors: Choi Seong Il , Jin Yoontae , Choi Yura , Seong Baik L.
Published: December 2024

Aggregation is intricately linked to protein folding, necessitating a precise understanding of their relationship. Traditionally, aggregation has been viewed primarily as a sequential consequence of protein folding and misfolding. However, this conventional paradigm is inherently incomplete and can be deeply misleading. Remarkably, it fails to adequately explain how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as charges and cellular macromolecules, prevent intermolecular aggregation, independently of intramolecular protein folding and structure. The pervasive inconsistencies between protein folding and aggregation call for a new framework. In all combined reactions of molecules, both intramolecular and intermolecular rate (or equilibrium) constants are mutually independent; accordingly, intrinsic and extrinsic factors independently affect both rate constants. This universal principle, when applied to protein folding and aggregation, indicates that they should be treated as two independent yet interconnected processes. Based on this principle, a new framework provides groundbreaking insights into misfolding, Anfinsen’s thermodynamic hypothesis, molecular chaperones, intrinsic chaperone-like activities of cellular macromolecules, intermolecular repulsive force-driven aggregation inhibition, proteome solubility maintenance, and proteinopathies. Consequently, this paradigm shift not only refines our current understanding but also offers a more comprehensive view of how aggregation is coupled to protein folding in the complex cellular milieu.
Lineage Diversification and Population Dynamics of the Qinghai Toad-Headed Agama (Phrynocephalus vlangalii) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, with Particular Attention to the Northern Slope of the Kunlun-Arjin Mountains
Authors: Xu Rui , Song Qi , Chen Dali , Guo Xianguang
Published: December 2024

The Kunlun, Arjin, and Qilian mountain ranges mark the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), where rapid uplift and Quaternary glacial cycles have shaped a unique cold desert ecosystem and species distribution. Despite sampling challenges, phylogeographic studies are crucial for understanding reptile populations such as the Qinghai toad-headed agama (Phrynocephalus vlangalii), a viviparous lizard with limited dispersal and multiple subspecies in the northeastern QTP. Our fieldwork identified populations of P. vlangalii on the northern slope of the Kunlun-Arjin Mountains, similar to the controversial subspecies P. v. lidskii. We analyzed 130 individuals from the northern slope of the Kunlun-Arjin-Qilian Mountains and 253 individuals from GenBank, using three mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes to assess intraspecific differentiation and demographic history. We found high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity in P. vlangalii, with phylogenetic analyses revealing six distinct clades. Clade VI, confirmed as P. v. lidskii, and Clade IV, a new genetic lineage, were identified alongside three recognized subspecies. Genetic variation was largely attributed to clade splitting, indicating significant divergence. The Mantel test indicated that geographical and environmental factors drove population differentiation. Bayesian molecular clock analysis suggested that the most recent common ancestor of P. vlangalii was 2.55 million years ago, influenced by the Qinghai-Tibet Movement and glacial cycles. Demographic history and ecological niche modeling indicated no population decline during the Last Glacial Maximum, supporting the glacial maximum expansion model, with ENM predicting future habitat expansion for P. vlangalii. In addition, morphological data from 13 meristic and 15 metric characters confirmed clade differences. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of P. vlangalii diversification, population dynamics and response to geological and climatic changes in the QTP.
Design and Structural Analysis of Double-Helical Gear with Varying Helix Angle in ANSYS
Authors: Lipi Nusrat , Tasnim Zabin , Tanjim Fahmida , Rabby Md. Insiat Islam
Published: December 2024

Double-helical gear is combined with the left and right-handed helical gears with the same twist angle, which smoothly transmits power between two parallel shafts on heavy loads for reduced noise and vibration operation. The helix angles influence the stress and deformation of double-helical gears before structural failures or breakdowns. Thus, variations in helix angles can result in wear, fatigue, increased stress, misalignment, and uneven load distributions. In this study, we modelled double-helical gear using SolidWorks software. By applying ANSYS 23.0, the effcets of helix angles on the stress distribution and overall performance were investigated. The evaluated data from both the ANSYS and AGMA (American Gears Manufacturing Association) approaches were compared, and this comparison achieved the result of a decrease in stress and strain with an increase in helix angle along the wider face width. At a helix angle of 30° and a constant value of face width, the stresses were found to be 1.4491 MPa and 1.5346 MPa for pressure angles of 20° and 14.5°, respectively, in ANSYS. After the comparison, discrepancies of 0.287% and 6.204% were identified between the evaluated stresses from the ANSYS and AGMA standards.
Topology of Locally and Non-Locally Generalized Derivatives
Authors: Prodanov Dimiter
Published: December 2024

The article investigates the continuity of derivatives of real-valued functions from a topological perspective. This is achieved by the characterization of their sets of discontinuity. The same principle is applied to Gateaux derivatives and gradients in Euclidean spaces. The article also introduces a generalization of the derivatives from the perspective of the modulus of continuity and characterizes their sets of discontinuities. There is a need for such generalizations when dealing with physical phenomena, such as fractures, shock waves, turbulence, Brownian motion, etc.
Identifying Endogenous Proteins of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with Ex Vivo Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Pedersen Kathrine Danner Aakjær , Andersen Line Thopholm , Heiselberg Mads , Brigsted Camilla Agerskov , Støvring Freja Lyngs , Mikkelsen Louise Mailund , Hansen Sofie Albrekt , Rusbjerg-Weberskov Christian Enrico , Lübeck Mette , Gregersen Echers Simon
Published: December 2024

During the initial steps of green biorefining aimed at protein recovery, endogenous proteins and enzymes, along with e.g. phytochemical constituents, are decompartmentalized into a green juice. This creates a highly dynamic environment prone to a plethora of reactions including oxidative protein modification and deterioration. Obtaining a fundamental understanding of the enzymes capable of exerting antioxidant activity ex vivo could help mitigate these reactions for improved product quality. In this study, we investigated perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), one of the most widely used turf and forage grasses, as a model system. Using size exclusion chromatography, we fractionated the green juice to investigate in vitro antioxidant properties and coupled this with quantitative bottom-up proteomics, GO-term analysis, and fraction-based enrichment. Our findings revealed that several enzymes, already known for their involvement in in vivo oxidative protection, are enriched in fractions displaying increased in vitro antioxidant activity, indicating retained activity ex vivo. Moreover, this study provides the most detailed characterization of the L. perenne proteome today and delivers new insights into protein-level partitioning during wet fractionation. Ultimately, this work contributes to better understanding the first steps of green biorefining and provides the basis for process optimization.
Assessing Interlaboratory Performance and Concordance of Tick-Borne Disease Testing Using Multiplex Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Garg Kunal , Villavicencio-Aguilar Fausto , Solano-Rivera Flora , Gilbert Leona
Published: December 2024

Tick bites acquired in the northern or southern hemispheres can transmit microbes that may cause illness. The most prevalent infection is Lyme Disease, with all proven cases to date having been acquired in the northern hemisphere. The existence of endemic Lyme disease (LD) in Australia has not been proven explicitly, and there is uncertainty concerning the cause of “Lyme-like” disease (LLD) in Australia. As many tick-borne infections (TBIs) are diagnosed by serology, validated assays for use in both the northern and southern hemispheres are required. Using a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TICKPLEX®), two independent laboratories tested a total of 53 well-characterized reference sera that consisted of 33 samples from northern hemisphere patients with confirmed tick-borne disease (TBD) and 20 randomly selected sera from Australian patients with suspected TBIs, presenting with or without LLD. Antibody responses to multiple microbial antigens from causative agents of TBDs were found. High concordance between laboratories was demonstrated on this small set of samples. The results obtained provide the basis for further evaluation of TICKPLEX® on a larger number of samples from Australian patients with suspected TBIs.
The Dissolution Behavior of Pyrite and Chalcopyrite in Their Mixture During Low-Temperature Pressure Oxidation: Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Karimov Kirill , Tretiak Maksim , Rogozhnikov Denis
Published: December 2024

The research of this paper was carried out on the low-temperature (100 ± 2 ◦C) pressure leaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite in their mixture. The resulting mathematical models of chalcopyrite and pyrite dissolution in their mixture, depending on the effect of oxygen pressure, initial concentration of sulfuric acid, concentrations of iron (III) and copper (II) ions and duration are obtained. According to kinetic analysis the oxidation process of chalcopyrite and pyrite proceeds with intra-diffusion limitations. The process is limited by the diffusion of reagents through the solid reaction product layer. According to the SEM and EDX mappings, the surface of chalcopyrite and pyrite particles is passivated by an elemental sulfur film. Analysis of the data allows us to conclude that the oxidation mechanism of chalcopyrite and pyrite in their mixture has changed. This is evidenced by the increase in the activation energy values: from 51.2 up to 59.0 kJ/mol for chalcopyrite and from 50.6 up to 74.6 kJ/mol for pyrite, respectively. The oxidation degree of pyrite in its mixture with chalcopyrite increased significantly from 54.5 up to 80.3% in 0–230 min. The increase in the dissolution degree of pyrite with the addition of chalcopyrite is not associated with an increase in the concentration of copper (II) and iron (III) ions during oxidation, since their effect on the degree of opening of minerals was insignificant, including for the mixture. The positive effect on the oxidation degree of pyrite in its mixture with chalcopyrite can be explained by the formation of an electrochemical bond between the minerals. The positive effect of the chalcopyrite additive is associated with a decrease in elemental sulfur formation on the pyrite surface, which is confirmed by the data of microphotographs and EDX mapping. The elemental sulfur distribution on minerals becomes more uniform with no formation of conglomerates, which also confirms their interaction with each other.
Effect of Deposition Temperature and Thermal Annealing on the Properties of Sputtered NiOx/Si Heterojunction Photodiodes
Authors: Nedev Roumen , Mateos-Anzaldo David , Osuna-Escalante Eddue , Perez-Landeros Oscar , Curiel-Álvarez Mario A. , Osorio-Urquizo Esteban , Castillo-Saenz Jhonathan , Lopez-Medina Javier , Valdez-Salas Benjamin , Nedev Nicola
Published: December 2024

NiOx is a p-type semiconductor with excellent stability, which make it interesting for a wide range of applications. Broadband photodetectors with high responsivity (R) were fabricated by depositing r.f. sputtered NiOx layers on n-Si at room temperature (RT), 50 oC and 100 oC. In self-powered mode the RT diodes have R between 0.95 and 0.39 A/W for wavelengths between 365 and 635 nm, while at a reverse bias of -4V the responsivity increases to values between 22 A/W and 10.7 A/W for wavelengths in the same range. The increase of the deposition temperature leads to a decrease of R but also to a smaller reverse dark current. Thus, the 100 oC photodiodes might be more appropriate for applications where high responsivity is required, because of their smaller power consumption compared to the RT diodes. In addition, it was found that the increase of the deposition temperature leads to an increase of the diodes series resistance and the resistivity of NiOx. The effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) on the properties of the photodiodes was studied. Annealing at 550 oC for 6 min leads to much higher responsivity compared to R of diodes with as-deposited NiOx. However, a disadvantage of the annealed diode is that the reverse current depends on the amplitude and polarity of previously applied bias voltage. The very high responsivity of the RTA photodiodes makes them useful as light sensors.