bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOVOS HORIZONTES PARA A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Da Fonseca Sobral Fernanda Antônia
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo traça, inicialmente, uma visão panorâmica das novas tendências da produção do conhecimento. Nelas, destacam-se a importância assumida pela interação entre o conhecimento e a sociedade e outros aspectos como aplicabilidade e interdisciplinaridade do conhecimento, com a finalidade de contextualizar e descrever, nas suas principais características, alguns programas recentes de apoio à ciência e tecnologia (Fundos Setoriais, Institutos do Milênio e Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia). Finalmente, discutem-se alguns resultados de pesquisa realizada junto a pesquisadores de algumas áreas das Engenharias e da Sociologia, procurando apontar novos horizontes nas suas agendas de pesquisa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: conhecimento, política científica e tecnológica, inovação. NEW HORIZONS TO SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION Fernanda Antônia da Fonseca Sobral This present article draws, initially a overview of the new tendencies for production of knowledge. On them stands out the importance taken by the interaction between, knowledge, the society and other aspects such as applicability and interdisciplinary of the knowledge, with the aim to contextualize and describe, on their main characteristics, some recent programs to support sciences and technology ( Sectoral Funds, Institute of Millennium and National Institute of Sciences and Technology). Finally some results from researches done with the aid of researchers from some fields of Engineering and Sociology were discussed, seeking to point out new horizons in their research agenda. KEY WORDS: knowledge, technological and scientific policy, innovation. NOUVEAUX HORIZONS POUR LA PRODUCTION SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNOLOGIQUE Fernanda Antônia da Fonseca Sobral Cet article donne tout d’abord une vision panoramique des nouvelles tendances de la production de la connaissance. On y remarque tout particulièrement l’importance de l’interaction entre la connaissance et la société ainsi que d’autres aspects tels que la convenabilité et l’interdisciplinarité de la connaissance. L’objectif est de mettre en contexte et de décrire , dans leurs grandes lignes, quelques programmes récents de soutien à la science et à la technologie (Fundos Setoriais, Institutos do Milênio e Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia /Fonds Sectoriaux, Instituts du Millénaire et Instituts Nationaux de Science et Technologie). Finalement quelques résultats d’une enquête faite auprès de chercheurs du domaine de l’Ingénierie et de la Sociologie sont présentés afin de signaler de nouveaux horizons dans leurs programmes de recherche. MOTS-CLÉS: connaissance, politique scientifique et technologique, innovation. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
Editorial by Peter Hubbard
Authors: Hubbard Peter
Published: August 2022

In this 1998 edition of the NZAP Forum, the fourth now to be published, the articles come largely from papers that were presented at the Auckland Conference held in February. The conference organisers chose as the theme Boundaries and Space, Structure and Creativity. The papers collected in this volume attest to this wide-ranging yet contained abstraction. They also mirror in their own way the Association's nature as an umbrella organisation which holds space for different creative expressions of psychotherapy, while holding firm to common core competencies of practice, and increasingly clear professional definition in the community it serves.
The structuring of the "I"
Authors: O'Neill-Dean Richard
Published: August 2022

A theory of the formation and nature of the "I" based on identification in the Mirror Phase is outlined. This theory is illustrated by reference to formative moments in the psychologies of two historical figures. Its therapeutic usefulness is shown in relation to a clinical vignette.
The shadow of the transcendent
Authors: Culbertson Philip
Published: August 2022

A survey of spirituality as it is discussed in the training literature for psychotherapy reveals that spirituality is defined in a variety of ways which do not always complement each other. Spiritual themes in psychotherapy do not always present in spiritual language but instead may present in the language of values. As in the case of values, so spiritualities may be either constructive or destructive, though their evaluation must be contextually and culturally determined. The author describes the training programme in counselling and psychotherapy which he directs, and finishes with the claim that psychotherapists need to understand that they are as much charged with clients' souls as with their psyches.
"Where there is no guidance a people fall;but in an abundance of counsellors there is safety." (Proverbs 11: 14)
Reducing the other to the same/sane
Authors: Davey Tom
Published: August 2022

I have been intrigued by my very different responses to two uses of the word method. The first, commonplace and currently popular, suggests that psychotherapists should have a number of methods at their disposal. This could be called the ballast argument. The second, from a statement by Laplanche, is that what Freud predominantly gave us was a method. I am rather disturbed by the former, but take the latter very seriously in my own practice. My sense of intrigue comes from the belief that both examples contain radically different notions of what psychotherapists are engaged in. The ballast argument enlists a technological approach, the application of knowledge, where one is engaged in a particular kind of behandlung (treatment); a kind of violence. But Freud's method is also a technology, so why should I favour that? Perhaps, because it is a method that opens up and contains particular kinds of spaces. I wish to explore these ideas by sharing some of the ideas that have been helpful to me in feeling and thinking through this issue over the years; in order to wonder about what kind of spaces are being offered by psychotherapists in these differing positions. What are psychotherapist's responsibilities in such spaces?
Perovskite or Not Perovskite? A Deep‐Learning Approach to Automatically Identify New Hybrid Perovskites from X‐ray Diffraction Patterns
Authors: Massuyeau Florian , Broux Thibault , Coulet Florent , Demessence Aude , Mesbah Adel , Gautier Romain
Published: August 2022

Determining the crystal structure is a critical step in the discovery of new functional materials. This process is time consuming and requires extensive human expertise in crystallography. Here, a machine‐learning‐based approach is developed, which allows it to be determined automatically if an unknown material is of perovskite type from powder X‐ray diffraction. After training a deep‐learning model on a dataset of known compounds, the structure types of new unknown compounds can be predicted using their experimental powder X‐ray diffraction patterns. This strategy is used to distinguish perovskite‐type materials in a series of new hybrid lead halides. After validation, this approach is shown to accurately identify perovskites (accuracy of 92% with convolutional neural network). From the identification of the key features of the patterns used to discriminate perovskites versus nonperovskites, crystallographers can learn how to quickly identify low‐dimensional perovskites from X‐ray diffraction patterns.
Surface Co‐Modification of Halide Anions and Potassium Cations Promotes High‐Rate CO2‐to‐Ethanol Electrosynthesis
Authors: Peng Chen , Yang Songtao , Luo Gan , Yan Shuai , Shakouri Mohsen , Zhang Junbo , Chen Yangshen , Li Weihan , Wang Zhiqiang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: August 2022

The high‐rate electrochemical CO2 conversion to ethanol with high partial current density is attractive but challenging, which requires competing with other reduction products as well as hydrogen evolution. This work demonstrates the in situ reconstruction of KCuF3 perovskite under CO2 electroreduction conditions to fabricate a surface fluorine‐bonded, single‐potassium‐atom‐modified Cu(111) nanocrystal (K–F–Cu–CO2). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the co‐modification of both F and K atoms on the Cu(111) surface can promote the ethanol pathway via stabilization of the CO bond and selective hydrogenation of the CC bond in the CH2CHO* intermediate, while the single modification of either F or K is less effective. The K–F–Cu–CO2 electrocatalyst exhibits an outstanding CO2‐to‐ethanol partial current density of 423 ± 30 mA cm−2 with the corresponding Faradaic efficiency of 52.9 ± 3.7%, and a high electrochemical stability at large current densities, thus suggesting an attractive means of surface co‐modification of halide anions and alkali‐metal cations on Cu catalysts for high‐rate CO2‐to‐ethanol electrosynthesis.
On the lower operation limit and the gain of flexibility of an innovative segmented tray column
Authors: Fasel Henrik , Grünewald Marcus , Riese Julia
Published: August 2022

Operating windows of conventional tray columns may not be large enough to ensure a sufficient separation with the current or future challenges of a volatile energy and raw material supply. Therefore, an innovative, segmented separation tray has been developed, which enlarges the operation window and thus leads to a higher flexibility, managing the challenges of higher volatility in downstream processes. In this contribution, a hydrodynamic characterization and the resulting lower operation limits of this segmented tray are presented. Furthermore, an approach to obtain shorter start‐up times for the column and a resulting faster response time to changes in the process are presented. The feasibility of this type of operation is evaluated by the investigation of the stability of the tray under new operation conditions.
Optimization of reduced graphene oxide production using central composite design from Pennisetum glaucum for biomedical applications
Authors: Preethy Kuppusamy Ravichandran , Chamundeeswari Munusamy
Published: August 2022

The current study outlines the toxicity‐free green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (GO) using Celosia argenta. The synthesized sample was characterized by UV‐visible spectroscopy with a strong absorption peak at 260 nm due to redshift. The 2θ value around 24.1° by X‐ray diffraction analysis and the functional groups like ─OH, ─CH2─, ─C═C─, and ─CHO by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy confirmed the reduction of GO. Field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reported stacked sheets with smooth edges with an atomic ratio of carbon:oxygen (83.56:16.44). The transmission electron microscope images proved the reduction of GO by folded thin sheets with the wrinkled appearance of our sample. This novel material showed antibacterial efficiency of 51.72–70.83% for both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive organisms. 89.48% of antioxidant effect and potential anti‐inflammatory property with the IC50 value of 86.04% was reported. RSM study proved the optimization of maximum yield and two‐way analysis of variance reported the statistical significance (p value ≤ 0.05) for its anti‐inflammatory effect. Bio‐Gel formulated with a good spreadability rate and promising biocompatibility was proved with less hemolysis value of 2.74%. The genotoxicity study exposed the aberration‐free active mitotic cell division in onion root tip cells. All these showcased that our biomaterial can find promising applications in biomedical and therapeutic fields.
Analytical characterization of broadly neutralizing antibody CAP256LS heavy chain clipping during manufacturing development
Authors: Gollapudi Deepika , Rosales‐Zavala Erwin , Ivleva Vera B. , Yang Yanhong , Li Yile , O'Connell Sarah , Doria‐Rose Nicole A. , Patel Aakash , Blackstock Daniel , Gowetski Daniel B. , Carlton Kevin , Gall Jason G. D. , Lei Q. Paula
Published: August 2022

Broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) CAP256‐VRC26.25 (abbreviated CAP256LS), a human IgGI monoclonal antibody targeting the V1V2 site of the HIV‐1 envelope, has demonstrated high therapeutic potential as a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody against HIV‐1. During the process development, a heavy chain fragmentation (clipping) was observed, that led to a relative potency reduction. In this report, we highlighted a series of process and product mitigation strategies deployed to advance this product. We have detailed how analytical characterization tools, especially the microchip reduced capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE‐SDS), played a pivotal role in identifying the development issues and in providing measurements to guide implementation of mitigation strategies.
Initial therapeutic results of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and the importance of hepatic functional reserve
Authors: Tomonari Tetsu , Tani Joji , Sato Yasushi , Tanaka Hironori , Tanaka Takahiro , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Asahiro Morishita , Okamoto Koichi , Sogabe Masahiro , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Muguruma Naoki , Masaki Tsutomu , Takayama Tetsuji
Published: August 2022

Aim

We analyzed the association between the modified albumin–bilirubin (mALBI) grade and therapeutic efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo+Bev) for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC).

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we included 71 u‐HCC patients treated with Atezo+Bev between September 2020 and September 2021. Patients were grouped corresponding to the mALBI grade at the start of treatment (mALBI 1+2a or mALBI 2b+3) and analyzed for therapeutic effect and the transition rate to secondary treatment.

Results

According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, the overall response rate was significantly higher for the mALBI 1+2a group, than for the mALBI 2b+3 group, with 26.2% and 3.4%, respectively. The progression‐free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in the mALBI 1+2a group (10.5 months) than in the mALBI 2b+3 group (3.0 months). In the multivariate analysis, an mALBI of 1+2a was found to be an independent factor of PFS. The rate of second‐line treatment with multi‐targeted agents was also significantly higher in the mALBI 1+2a group.

Conclusions

In real‐world practice, Atezo+Bev treatment might have higher therapeutic efficacy in u‐HCC patients with mALBI 1+2a.
A Comprehensive Review on Microalgae‐Based Biorefinery as Two‐Way Source of Wastewater Treatment and Bioresource Recovery
Authors: Malik Sumira , Kishore Shristi , Bora Jutishna , Chaudhary Vishal , Kumari Anjali , Kumari Preeti , Kumar Lamha , Bhardwaj Abhaya
Published: August 2022

In the past few years, microalgae have gained huge recognition from the scientific community due to their potential applications in the production of a broad array of bio‐based products varying from biofuels to nanoparticles. Due to their elevated growth rate, high tolerance to various types of abiotic stresses, and complex metabolic capacity, microalgae can be used as promising tools for the attainment of a circular bioeconomy. Moreover, they can simply utilize nutrients from wastewater for biorefinery purposes, resulting in resource recovery coupled with wastewater treatment. However, due to their sub‐optimal yields and high production costs, microalgae‐based bio‐products have not yet been commercialized. This review provides insights into the employment of microalgae as an efficient bioresource for the treatment of wastewater with simultaneous enactment as a biorefinery to produce biofuels, biochar, bioplastic, fertilizers, and other high‐value bioproducts. Furthermore, the application of microalgal nanoparticles in wastewater treatment and prospects for genetic modification of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities have also been briefly highlighted.
Diabetes is accompanied by changes in the levels of proteins involved in endosomal GLUT4 trafficking in obese human skeletal muscle
Authors: Livingstone Rachel , Bryant Nia J. , Boyle James G. , Petrie John R. , Gould Gwyn W.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The regulated delivery of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane underpins insulin‐stimulated glucose transport. Insulin‐stimulated glucose transport is impaired in skeletal muscle of patients with type‐2 diabetes, and this may arise because of impaired intracellular trafficking of GLUT4. However, molecular details of any such impairment have not been described. We hypothesized that GLUT4 and/or levels of proteins involved in intracellular GLUT4 trafficking may be impaired in skeletal muscle in type‐2 diabetes and tested this in obese individuals without and without type‐2 diabetes.

Methods

We recruited 12 participants with type‐2 diabetes and 12 control participants. All were overweight or obese with BMI of 25–45 kg/m2. Insulin sensitivity was measured using an insulin suppression test (IST), and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken in the fasted state. Cell extracts were immunoblotted to quantify levels of a range of proteins known to be involved in intracellular GLUT4 trafficking.

Results

Obese participants with type‐2 diabetes exhibited elevated fasting blood glucose and increased steady state glucose infusion rates in the IST compared with controls. Consistent with this, skeletal muscle from those with type‐2 diabetes expressed lower levels of GLUT4 (30%, p = .014). Levels of Syntaxin4, a key protein involved in GLUT4 vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane, were similar between groups. By contrast, we observed reductions in levels of Syntaxin16 (33.7%, p = 0.05), Sortilin (44%, p = .006) and Sorting Nexin‐1 (21.5%, p = .039) and −27 (60%, p = .001), key proteins involved in the intracellular sorting of GLUT4, in participants with type‐2 diabetes.

Conclusions

We report significant reductions of proteins involved in the endosomal trafficking of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle in obese people with type 2 diabetes compared with age‐ and weight‐matched controls. These abnormalities of intracellular GLUT4 trafficking may contribute to reduced whole body insulin sensitivity.
The pattern of physical disability and determinants of activities of daily living among people with diabetes in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sabrina , Faruque Mithila , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Roby Naym Uddin , Ashraf Fatema , Yano Yuichiro , Miura Katsuyuki , Ahmed M. S. A. Mansur
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus itself is a known predictor of physical disability and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL); however, there are existing controversies about the factors explaining the association between diabetes and disability. Therefore, we assessed the possible determinants associated with ADL impairment among people with diabetes in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study among 480 people with diabetes aged between 50 and 70 years, and attended a tertiary level hospital in Dhaka city. For determining the ADL impairment, we used the Katz Index Scoring (6 = no impairment; <6 = impairment). Age, sex, educational attainment, household expenditure, body mass index, the status of diabetes (controlled or uncontrolled), hypertension and medication adherence to anti‐diabetic drugs were included in the statistical models, and we defined any ADL impairment (Katz score <6) as an event. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the significance of relevant factors.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 59.0 (standard deviation [SD], 7.0) years. The majority of the participants (76.3%) had at least some sort of physical disability. In multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for all covariates simultaneously, age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.35 [1.20 to 1.75] per 1−SD increment), BMI (1.32 [1.08 to 1.21] per 1−SD increment), higher educational attainment (0.34 [0.09–0.90]), multi‐morbidity (2.79 [1.48–5.25]) and uncontrolled diabetes (1.35 [1.10–1.45]) were independently associated with ADL impairment.

Conclusions

Physical disability was common, and ADL impairment was associated with age, educational attainment, BMI, multi‐morbidities and uncontrolled diabetes among the people with diabetes in Bangladesh.
Influenza infection is not associated with phenotypical frailty in older patients, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Takahashi Paul , Wi Chung‐Il , Ryu Euijung , King Katherine , Hickman Joel , Pignolo Robert , Juhn Young
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Influenza is a challenging infectious illness for older adults. It is not completely clear whether influenza is associated with frailty or functional decline. We sought to determine the association between incident influenza infection and frailty and prefrailty in community patients over 50 years of age. We also investigated the association between influenza vaccination and frailty and prefrailty as a secondary aim.

Methods

This was a prospective community cohort study from October 2019 to November 2020 in participants over 50 years. The primary outcome was the development of frailty as defined by three of five frailty criteria (slow gait speed, low grip strength, 5% weight loss, low energy, and low physical functioning). The primary predictor was a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza infection. Influenza vaccination was based on electronic health record reviewing 1 year before enrollment. We reported the relationship between influenza and frailty by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), influenza vaccine, and previous self‐rated frailty from multinomial logistic regression model comparing frail and prefrail to nonfrail subjects.

Results

In 1135 participants, the median age was 67 years (interquartile range  60−74), with 41% men. Eighty‐one participants had PCR‐confirmed influenza (7.1%). Frailty was not associated with influenza, with an OR of 0.50 (95% CI 0.17−1.43) for frail participants compared to nonfrail participants. Influenza vaccination is associated with frailty, with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.09−2.63) for frail compared to nonfrail. Frailty was associated with a higher CCI with an OR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.31−1.76).

Conclusion

We did not find a relationship between influenza infection and frailty. We found higher vaccination rates in participants with frailty compared to nonfrail participants While influenza was not associated with frailty, future work may involve longer follow‐up.
Factors associated with positive attitude towards hypertension control in Hawassa city administration: Community based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Paulose Tsegab , Nkosi Zerish Z. , Endriyas Misganu
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

In low‐income countries where there is shortage of appropriate medical care to manage hypertension (HTN), understanding dynamics of communities' knowledge and attitude to prevent through lifestyle is crucial. Despite this fact, there was limited information on levels of awareness and attitude towards HTN and its prevention in the study setting. So, this study was conducted to assess level and factors associated with positive attitude in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community level study using cross‐sectional design was done in Hawassa city administration in 2017. Six hundred and twelve respondents were selected using a multi‐stage sampling technique. Knowledge and attitude were assessed using multiple questions and responses were categorized considering mean as cutoff points. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis at 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed.

Results

The level of mean score of knowledge was 62.7% (SD = 22.2) [95% CI: 60.9–64.4] while that of attitude was 68.1% (SD = 8.8) [95% CI: 67.4–68.8]. Divorced/widowed respondents were 73% less likely to have positive attitude as compared to married respondents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 95% CI: 0.27 [0.14–0.51],p‐<0.001). Respondents who attended primary, secondary and higher education were 2.84 times (AOR 95% CI: [1.48–5.42],p0.002), 5.59 times (AOR 95% CI: [2.87–10.89],p‐<0.001) and 9.28 times (AOR 95% CI: [4.39–19.65],p‐<0.001) more likely to have positive attitude as compared to those who cannot read and write. Moreover, respondents who have good knowledge were 2.24 times (AOR 95% CI: [1.49–3.37],p‐<0.001) more likely to have positive attitude as compared with those who have poor knowledge.

Conclusion

The overall levels of knowledge and attitude related to HTN and its prevention were moderate but not adequate to bring lifestyle modifications required to prevent and control HTN. Health promotion activities should be strengthened to improve awareness and attitude that are pillars to bring lifestyle modification practices.
Placenta accreta spectrum ultrasound stage and fetal growth
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Walsh Jennifer M. , O'Connor Clare , McParland Peter , Carroll Stephen , Higgins Shane , Mulligan Karen M. , Downey Paul , Brophy David , Colleran Gabrielle , Thompson Claire , Walsh Tom , O'Brien Donal J. , Brennan Donal J. , McVey Ruaidhri , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Donnelly Jennifer , Corcoran Siobhan M.
Published: August 2022

Objective

to evaluate fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and to compare fetal growth between cases stratified by ultrasound stage of PAS.

Methods

This was a prospective multicenter cohort study of women diagnosed with PAS between January 2018 and December 2021. We grouped participants into cases by ultrasound stage (PAS stage 1–3) and controls (PAS0). Fetal growth centiles at three timepoints with median gestational ages of 21 ± 1 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 20 ± 1–22 ± 0 weeks), 28 ± 0 weeks (IQR, 27 ± 0–28 ± 5 weeks), and 33 ± 0 weeks (IQR, 32 ± 1–34 ± 0 weeks) and birth weight centiles were compared between cases and controls and between those with PAS stratified by ultrasound stage.

Results

A total of 53 women met inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 37 years (standard deviation, ±4.0 years) and body mass index of 27 kg/m2 (standard deviation, ±5.8 kg/m2). Median (IQR) fetal weight centiles were around the 50th centile at each timepoint, with no difference between groups. The incidence of small for gestational age (birth weight ≤ 10th percentile) and large for gestational age (birth weight ≥ 90th percentile) was 11.3% (n = 6) and 15.1% (n = 8), respectively, with no differences by ultrasound stage. The median birth weight centile was 64 (IQR, 26–85), with no differences between cases and controls or by ultrasound stage.

Conclusions

In our cohort, a diagnosis of PAS was not associated with fetal growth restriction.
Human osteoprogenitor cells obtained from traumatic heterotopic ossification samples showed enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential and ERK/hedgehog signaling than that from normal bone
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Li Juehong , Sun Ziyang , Tu Bing , Wang Wei , Luo Gang , He Yunwei , Jiang Shichao , Fan Cunyi
Published: August 2022

Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the abnormal ectopic osteogenesis following trauma, causing limb dysfunction and seriously lowering the life quality of patients. Aberrant osteogenic behavior of progenitor cells that ectopically accumulated within the soft tissues are believed to be responsible for HO formation. However, the detailed mechanism still remained to be clarified. Here in this study, we successfully isolated osteoprogenitors from human heterotopic ossification tissues (HO‐ops) and identified their stemness and multi‐directional differentiation potential. Using alkaline phosphatase staining together with alizarin red staining, we confirmed that the HO‐ops in the heterotopic ossified tissues gained greater osteogenic potential than the normal human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs). RT‐qPCR also indicated that HO‐ops obtained more gene transcriptions of critical osteogenic determinators than HBMSCs. In addition, through Western blot, we proved that ERK signaling pathway and hedgehog signaling pathway were significantly activated in the HO‐ops. When U0126 and cyclopamine were used to inhibit ERK signaling and hedgehog signaling respectively, the osteogenic potential of HO‐ops decreased significantly. The hedgehog signaling and ERK signaling also showed cross‐talk in HO‐ops during osteogenic differentiation in HO‐ops during osteogenic differentiation. The elevated ERK signaling and hedgehog signaling were further confirmed in the human traumatic HO sample sections by immunohistochemical staining. In sum, our results showed that the activation of ERK and hedgehog signaling pathway jointly enhanced the osteogenic potential of HO‐ops to induce the formation of traumatic HO, which provides novel insights into the molecular basis of HO formation and offers promising targets for future therapeutic strategy.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris) using subcritical water extraction
Authors: Mohammadi Soniya , Alfaro Andrea C. , Baroutian Saeid , Seyfoddin Ali
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Owing to their biodiversity, many valuable natural compounds have been extracted from marine resources and used in the development of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products. The New Zealand black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris) is known to host a variety of bioactive compounds in its flesh.

RESULTS

Water‐soluble bioactive compounds were extracted from H. iris by subcritical water extraction technique, and the effect of subcritical water temperature (110–280 °C) on the extraction performance was studied. The highest antioxidant activity and subsequently glycogen and phenolic content, as well as concentration of bioactives, were found at temperatures between 220 and 250 °C. The carbohydrate content of the extracts peaked at 110 °C, which was then degraded at higher temperatures. Protein and amino acid contents of H. iris extracts were also decreased as the temperature increased above 160 °C. Furthermore, the H. iris extracts were found to be non‐toxic.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that extraction temperature has a significant impact on the bioactivity of H. iris extracts. Subcritical water extraction can be used in place of more traditional techniques to create high‐quality abalone extracts. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fog trends in India: Relationships to fog type and western disturbances
Authors: Smith Daniel K. E. , Dorling Stephen R. , Renfrew Ian A. , Ross Andrew N. , Poku Craig
Published: August 2022

Fog is a major hazard in wintertime over India, particularly in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains, leading to significant impacts for transport and human health. Using 3‐hourly surface observations, from 69 sites across India, all fog and dense fog events between 2000 and 2020 are identified. For each event, the main fog formation mechanism is objectively categorized using a classification algorithm, distinguishing between radiation, advection, evaporation, precipitation or cloud‐base lowering fog types. In contrast to the findings of other international studies, radiation fog dominates as the most common fog type at the vast majority of locations in India, accounting for 68.1% of all fog events and 70.0% of dense fog events. Statistically significant positive trends are seen in the frequency of all fog events at Delhi, Lucknow and Patna, in the Indo‐Gangetic plains, between 1997/1998 and 2018/2019, dominated by comparable statistically significant positive trends in radiation fogs. Western disturbances (WD) are often linked to the formation of fog in India. Using a climatology of WDs, we show that 46.9% of radiation fog onsets in Delhi in December and January, the primary fog months, happened in conjunction with an active WD event. Conversely, only 32.3% of WDs during these same months coincided with the onset of a radiation fog event. WD‐related radiation fog events are shown to cluster into three distinct groups, with WD centres located to the northwest (51.4% of cases), southwest (13.3%) and east (35.2%) of Delhi. Each cluster is shown to have coherent and distinct near‐surface characteristics which are conducive to fog formation. Trends in WD frequency cannot fully account for the observed trends in fog events. We argue that the fog trends are more likely the result of a complex interaction between urban expansion and the associated rapid change in aerosol loading, resulting in impacts on radiation balance, microphysics and heat‐island processes.
Limits in the search date for rapid reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies
Authors: Furuya‐Kanamori Luis , Lin Lifeng , Kostoulas Polychronis , Clark Justin , Xu Chang
Published: August 2022

Limiting the search date is a common approach utilised in therapeutic/interventional rapid reviews. Yet the accuracy of pooled estimates is unknown when applied to rapid reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Data from all systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, until February 2022 were collected. Meta‐analyses with at least five studies were included to emulate rapid reviews by limiting the search to the recent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 years. The magnitude of the pooled area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity for the full meta‐analysis and the rapid reviews were compared. A total of 846 diagnostic meta‐analyses were included. When the search date was limited to the recent 10 and 15 years, more than 75% and 80% of meta‐analyses presented less than 5% difference between the pooled AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the full meta‐analysis and the rapid review. There was little gain in the precision of the pooled estimates when the emulated rapid reviews included more than 15 years in the search. Rapid reviews restricted by search date are a valid and reliable approach for diagnostic test accuracy studies. Robust evidence can be achieved by restricting the search date to the recent 10–15 years. Future studies need to examine the reduction in workload and time to finish the rapid reviews under different search date limits.
A modified quick‐easy‐cheap‐effective‐rugged‐and‐safe method involving carbon nano‐onions‐based dispersive solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for pesticides from grapes
Authors: Mokhtari Saba , Khosrowshahi Elnaz Marzi , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Nemati Mahboob , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2022

A combination of modified quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe extraction approach with carbon nano–onions–based dispersive solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of several pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, tebuconazole, deltamethrin, permethrin, haloxyfop–methyl, penconazole, and cyhalothrin) from grape before their analysis by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. In the extraction approach, an aliquot of grape sample is chopped and after separating its juice, the pesticides that remained in the refuse are extracted by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method. The obtained acetonitrile phase is mixed with juice and the analytes are extracted by the carbon nano‐onions‐based dispersive solid‐phase extraction. The analytes are concentrated using the microextraction procedure to obtain high enrichment factors. The results showed low limits of detection (0.5–1.6 ng/g) and quantification (1.8–5.4 ng/g) with satisfactory linearity of the calibration curves (determination coefficient, r2 ≥ 0.994). The precision of the developed method expressed as relative standard deviations was good (≤7.2%). The method provided high enrichment factors (350–410) and extraction recoveries (70–82%). Finally, seven grape samples were analyzed successfully.
Tailoring Butyl Methacrylate/Methacrylic Acid Copolymers for the Solubilization of Membrane Proteins: The Influence of Composition and Molecular Weight
Authors: Janata Miroslav , Čadová Eva , Angelisová Pavla , Charnavets Tatsiana , Hořejší Václav , Raus Vladimír
Published: August 2022

Low‐molecular weight (MW) amphiphilic copolymers have been recently introduced as a powerful tool for the detergent‐free isolation of cell membrane proteins. Herein, a screening approach is used to identify a new copolymer type for this application. Via a two‐step ATRP/acidolysis procedure, a 3 × 3 matrix of well‐defined poly[(butyl methacrylate)‐co‐(methacrylic acid)] copolymers (denoted BMAA) differing in their MW and ratio of hydrophobic (BMA) and hydrophilic (MAA) units is prepared. Subsequently, using the biologically relevant model (T‐cell line Jurkat), two compositions of BMAA copolymers are identified that solubilize cell membranes to an extent comparable to the industry standard, styrene‐maleic acid copolymer (SMA), while avoiding the potentially problematic phenyl groups. Surprisingly, while only the lowest‐MW variant of the BMA/MAA 2:1 composition is effective, all the copolymers of the BMA/MAA 1:1 composition are found to solubilize the model membranes, including the high‐MW variant (MW of 14 000). Importantly, the density gradient ultracentrifugation/sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/Western blotting experiments reveal that the BMA/MAA 1:1 copolymers disintegrate the Jurkat membranes differently than SMA, as demonstrated by the different distribution patterns of two tested membrane protein markers. This makes the BMAA copolymers a useful tool for studies on membrane microdomains differing in their composition and resistance to membrane‐disintegrating polymers.
A Study on Recycled Polymers Recovered from Multilayer Plastic Packaging Films by Solvent‐Targeted Recovery and Precipitation (STRAP)
Authors: Cecon Victor S. , Curtzwiler Greg W. , Vorst Keith L.
Published: August 2022

Multilayer plastic film use increased in multiple packaging applications due to its versatility and overall increased performance over monolayer structures. However, the performance gains from multiple layers also make recycling difficult because they contain multiple polymers that can be immiscible and burdensome to traditional mechanical recycling operations. A possible solution is the solvent‐targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) process, but the effect on the retrieved polymer is still unknown. The STRAP process is applied to two different multilayer films and samples of recovered polymers are evaluated for physical, molecular, and thermal properties. Changes in the molecular weight are not significant, but differences in thermal properties are reported along with the coprecipitation of different polymers. Solvent retention in the polymer matrix from STRAP reduced the glass transition temperature of samples, but enhanced drying recovered it. Heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr, and Pb are not detected, indicating regulatory compliance for different applications.
Field applauds investments in school‐based MH staff, community BH services
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2022

Moving forward with a national strategy unveiled during the State of the Union address in January, and the recent signing into law of the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act, the Biden Administration is pouring millions of new funding into strengthening system capacity by supporting behavioral health workforce investments, school‐based mental health supports and expansion of Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs).
California data report shows continuing concerns on access
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2022

A new report from the California Health Care Foundation suggests that despite several initiatives to bolster the state's mental health system, too many residents with mental health needs still fail to receive necessary treatment.
APA to tackle structural racism via racial equity action plan
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2022

Nearly a year ago, the American Psychological Association (APA) apologized and accepted responsibility for its long‐standing contribution to systemic racism. Now the APA has outlined its next steps to operationalize racism resolution by adopting a racial equity action plan, officials announced Aug. 4.
Innovative partnership with law enforcement to advance care
Authors: Steigman Jeff
Published: August 2022

Family Service League Inc. (FSL), is the largest behavioral health provider in Suffolk County, Long Island. FSL, for many years, has sought to bridge gaps in the larger system when it comes to crisis care. For too long, the lack of a truly integrated system of crisis care forced a binary choice between sending someone to the hospital and trying to secure an outpatient appointment. Additionally, this has historically relegated law enforcement to the role of de facto mental health and substance abuse professionals, something that is less than desirable, inefficient, and often results in less than optimal outcomes.
Optimization of block size for volume integral equation‐based characteristic basis function method
Authors: Huang Fei , Sun Yufa
Published: August 2022

The block size of the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) based on volume integral equation (VIE) is optimized to improve the efficiency on analyzing the scattering from dielectric objects in this study. Several literatures have discussed the optimum block size of surface integral equation (SIE)‐based CBFM, which achieved the minimum CPU time for analyzing conductor objects. However, due to the differences of basis functions, the conclusions derived from SIE‐based CBFM are not applicable for VIE‐based CBFM. This study presents the relationship between the Schaubert–Wilton–Glisson (SWG) basis functions and characteristic basis functions (CBFs), which paves the way for evaluating the computational complexity of VIE‐based CBFM. In addition, the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula‐based algorithm (SMWA) and adaptive cross approximation (ACA) algorithm are combined to accelerate the CBFs generation and reduced matrix construction. Based on the computational complexity of the VIE‐based CBFM combined with SMWA and ACA, the optimal number of blocks for VIE‐based CBFM is derived theoretically. Numerical results of homogeneous and inhomogeneous dielectric objects scattering problems are presented to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed optimization method.
Grass‐to‐stone surface inspired long‐term inhibiting scaling
Authors: Luo Yimin , Tan Sheng , Luo Zhuangzhu , Li Jingbo , Zhu Zewei , Jia Baoguang , Liu Zhipeng
Published: August 2022

Bionic self‐cleaning coatings have exhibited scaling inhibition for their low surface free energy. The key issue is focused on the long‐term anti‐scaling performance for the hydrophobicity failure after scaled. Inspired by “grass‐to‐stone” phenomenon, we reported a polymer coating (WCA = 120°, WSA = 14°) with the water contact angle of its 720 h‐scaled surface increased to 135°and scaling reduced by 90–95%. The nucleation and growth of CaCO3 at “coating‐crystal” interface are investigated, and a physical model for self‐healing film interface inhibiting scaling is innovatively proposed, as an important step toward designing long‐term anti‐scaling coating for engineering application.
Mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between perceived stress and job burnout among midwives in the post‐COVID‐19 era
Authors: Liu Cuiping , Yue Chongyu , Liu Lei , Liu Ting , Wang Xuelei , Hou Yan , Gao Shaobo
Published: August 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of perceived social support in the association between perceived stress and job burnout in midwives.

Design

A descriptive, cross‐sectional online survey.

Methods

Using the stratified cluster sampling method, 329 midwives in 20 hospitals in China were selected as the participants. They completed self‐report assessment measures of job burnout, perceived stress and perceived social support.

Results

63.5% of the participants had job burnout. Perceived stress was negatively associated with social support (r = −.350, p < .01), while it was positively associated with job burnout (r = −.382, p < .01). Social support was negatively correlated with job burnout (r = −.569, p < .01). The total effect of perceived stress on job burnout was 0.474 (95% CI: 0.367 ~ 0.596, p < .01), the direct effect was 0.242 (95% CI: 0.142 ~ 0.355, p < .01), and the indirect effect was 0.232 (95% CI: 0.160 ~ 0.316, p < .01). Social support programmes for midwives should be implemented to control the impact of perceived stress on job burnout.
A registry study of oral health problems and preventive interventions among older persons receiving municipal healthcare – PROSENIOR
Authors: Axelsson Malin , Bahtsevani Christel , Neziraj Merita , Persson Karin , Kumlien Christine
Published: August 2022

Aim

The aim was to identify planned and completed preventive interventions among older persons with oral health problems receiving municipal health care. A further aim was to determine the correspondence between oral health problems and planned preventive interventions among older persons with oral health problems receiving municipal health care.

Design

Cross‐sectional register study.

Methods

Oral health data from the Swedish national quality registry, Senior Alert, were extracted for 4,024 older persons (≥65 years) receiving municipal health care in a county in Southern Sweden. Data were statistically analysed.

Results

A large majority of older persons (97.4%) with assessed oral health problems had at least one planned preventive intervention, and approximately three quarters of the planned interventions were completed. There seemed to be a mismatch between type of oral health problems and preventive interventions as not all older persons had a planned preventive intervention related to their specific oral health problem.
Role of peer learning and self‐efficacy in parasympathetic activity during the simulation learning process in nursing students
Authors: Nakayama Natsuki , Ejiri Harumi , Arakawa Naoko , Makino Tsuneko
Published: August 2022

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the stress level, including parasympathetic nervous activity, of students engaged in peer learning during simulations and the role of self‐efficacy.

Design

Observational‐comparative study.

Methods

The participants were 76 nursing students who were asked to evaluate a stable postoperative patient in Scene 1 and the same patient bleeding in Scene 2. In each scene, the students engaged in phases of repeated individual observations of the patient and discussions with peers. We compared each participant's parasympathetic activity during each observation in Scenes 1 and 2. Furthermore, the self‐efficacy score before the simulation was used to divide the participants into 3 groups, and the self‐efficacy and parasympathetic activity during the simulation were analysed.

Results

The participants' parasympathetic activity decreased in both scenes with each phase of repeated observation. Two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference in parasympathetic activity during simulations among the three self‐efficacy groups.