bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Biochemical Recurrence Following Radiotherapy among Patients with Persistent PSA after Radical Prostatectomy: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Xiang Chenhui , Liu Xiaoyong , Chen Shenglong , Wang Pengqiao
Published: April 2018

Radiotherapy (RT) is applied in prostate cancer patients with a biochemical recurrence (BcR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, for the patients with persistent PSA but not undergoing the process of BcR, it remains unknown whether the application of RT can exempt them from the upcoming BcR. In this study, we identified 104 patients treated with RP who had persistent PSA level >0.1 but ≤0.2 ng/mL at 6–8 weeks after RP, of which 52 were treated with postoperative RT. Overall, 51 patients experienced BcR, among which 20 patients were treated with postoperative RT. The 5-year BCR-free survival rate of patients treated with or without postoperative RT was 96.2 and 50.0% respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that statistical differences in BcR-free survival were observed regarding to applying RT on patients with Gleason score ≤7 (p = 0.0365), with pathological tumor stage T2 or T3 (p = 0.0210 and p = 0.0073, respectively), without or with lymph node invasion (p = 0.0118 and p = 0.0303, respectively), with positive surgical margins (p < 0.0001), and with Pre-RT PSA ≤0.5 ng/mL (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, PSA after surgery, Gleason score, pathological tumor stage, immediate androgen deprivation therapy after RP, and postoperative RT were significant predictors of BcR for patients with persistently elevated PSA (all p < 0.05). Finally, a coefficient-based nomogram was constructed with an excellent C-index for 5-year BCR prediction (0.76, 95% CI 0.73–0.79). These findings suggested that postoperative RT affords excellent control in BcR for patients with persistent PSA after surgery.
Early Cardiac Involvement Affects Left Ventricular Longitudinal Function in Females Carrying α-Galactosidase A Mutation
Authors: Spinelli Letizia , Imbriaco Massimo , Nappi Carmela , Nicolai Emanuele , Giugliano Giuseppe , Ponsiglione Andrea , Diomiaiuti Tommaso Claudio , Riccio Eleonora , Duro Giovanni , Pisani Antonio , Trimarco Bruno , Cuocolo Alberto
Published: April 2018

Background:

Hybrid
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may differentiate mature fibrosis or scar from fibrosis associated to active inflammation in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease, even in nonhypertrophic stage. This study was designed to compare the results of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance cardiac imaging with those of speckle-tracking echocardiography in heterozygous Anderson-Fabry disease females.

Methods and Results:

Twenty-four heterozygous females carrying α-galactosidase A mutation and without left ventricular hypertrophy underwent cardiac positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance using
18
F-FDG for glucose uptake and 2-dimensional strain echocardiography.
18
F-FDG myocardial uptake was quantified by measuring the coefficient of variation (COV) of the standardized uptake value using a 17-segment model. Focal
18
F-FDG uptake with COV >0.17 was detected in 13 patients, including 2 patients with late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance. COV was 0.30±0.14 in patients with focal
18
F-FDG uptake and 0.12±0.03 in those without (
P
<0.001). Strain echocardiography revealed worse global longitudinal systolic strain in patients with COV >0.17 compared with those with COV ≤0.17 (−18.5±2.7% versus −22.2±1.8%;
P
=0.024). For predicting COV >0.17, a global longitudinal strain >−19.8% had 77% sensitivity and 91% specificity and a value >2 dysfunctional segments 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

Conclusions:

In females carrying α-galactosidase A mutation, focal
18
F-FDG uptake represents an early sign of disease-related myocardial damage and is associated with impaired left ventricular longitudinal function. These findings support the hypothesis that inflammation plays an important role in glycosphingolipids storage disorders.
Sex and Racial Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral at Hospital Discharge and Gaps in Long‐Term Mortality
Authors: Li Shanshan , Fonarow Gregg C. , Mukamal Kenneth , Xu Haolin , Matsouaka Roland A. , Devore Adam D. , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: April 2018

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation (
CR
) referral is recommended for eligible patients, regardless of sex or race. It is unclear whether inequality in
CR
referral practices was associated with patients’ long‐term survival.

Methods and Results

We linked the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease registry with Medicare claims data for 48 993 coronary artery disease patients from 365 hospitals across the United States between 2003 and 2009. We used generalized estimation equations to estimate the association between
CR
referral and mortality accounting for clustering within hospitals. Between 2003 and 2009, only 40% of eligible patients received
CR
referrals. Females were 12% less likely to receive
CR
referral compared with males. Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients were 20%, 36%, and 50% less likely, respectively, to receive
CR
referral than white patients.
CR
referral was associated with 40% lower 3‐year all‐cause mortality. Women and minorities who received
CR
referral at hospital discharge had significantly lower mortality compared with those who did not (odds ratios=0.61 [95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.66] for women, 0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.88] for black, 0.62 [95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.79] for Hispanic, and 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.85] for Asian patients). Seven percent of the black versus white mortality gap could potentially be reduced by equitable
CR
referral.

Conclusions

CR
referral rates at hospital discharge remained low. Gaps in receiving
CR
referral at hospital discharge were large for women and minorities, and the mortality gap could potentially be reduced through elimination of inequality in
CR
referral.
Feasibility of Multiple Burr Hole With Erythropoietin in Acute Moyamoya Patients
Authors: Hong Ji Man , Lee Seong-Joon , Lee Jin Soo , Choi Mun Hee , Lee Sung Eun , Choi Jin Wook , Lim Yong Cheol
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—

In patients with acute symptomatic moyamoya (<2 weeks), the feasibility of a combination therapy of multiple burr hole procedure under local anesthesia and intravenous erythropoietin pretreatment was assessed. We also identified the factors associated with transdural revascularization.

Methods—

In this prospective single-arm study, perfusion-impaired patients presenting with transient ischemic attack or acute cerebral infarction were assessed. Combination therapy was performed to patients lacking transdural collaterals. Primary outcomes were evaluated clinically with modified Rankin Scale scores and radiologically with revascularization success (transhemispheric, trans-burr hole, and sufficient revascularizations [filling ≥33% of ipsilateral supratentorium]) at 6 months. Treatment-related adverse events were analyzed in 3 phases: pre burr hole, post burr hole, and after-discharge as secondary outcome. Factors associated with sufficient revascularization were investigated.

Results—

Fifty hemispheres from 37 patients were included. Compared with discharge, modified Rankin Scale score at 6 months significantly improved (2.0 [0.0–5.0] versus 1.0 [0.0–4.0];
P
<0.001). Majority had successful revascularization: trans-burr hole arteriogenesis (89.5%), transhemispheric arteriogenesis (98.0%), and sufficient revascularization (52.0%). There was no significant pre burr hole or post burr hole complication. Two (5.4%) transient ischemic attack and 1 (2.7%) cerebral infarction occurred after discharge. Presentation with acute infarction (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–21.4), ipsilateral basal moyamoya vessels (odds ratio, 13.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–144.2), and delayed mean transit time (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–12.2) predicted sufficient revascularization.

Conclusions—

Combination therapy allows safe and effective revascularization in moyamoya patients with acute ischemic presentation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03162588.
Another People of God? Exegesis and Reception of Zech 2:15
Authors: Maier Michael P.
Published: April 2018

In a bold new interpretation Zechariah 2:15 is the only one among all the prophecies about the pilgrimage of the nations to Mount Zion that calls the non-Jewish nations “people of God.” The present article studies this verse in its context of Zech 2:14-17, analyzes its intertextual relations and discusses its supposed literary connection to Revelation 21:3. After a short look at traditional Jewish and Christian interpretations, it presents the specific contribution of Zech 2:15 to the Theology of the People of God.
לֹא and the Biblical Hebrew Negative Response
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyuk
Published: April 2018

It is agreed that Biblical Hebrew (BH) does not have a word for “Yes!” and that the BH positive answer uses what linguists call the echo system. On the other hand, לֹא used independently as a negative answer is frequently understood as a negative answer particle (“No!”). Upon considering the evidence from BH and languages in general, the first half of this paper argues that לֹא used as such is a negative verbal clause, with the verbal part being omitted. The second half attempts to schematize various forms of the BH negative responses using לֹא.
The Structure of Ezra 3
Authors: Matzal Stefan C.
Published: April 2018

Ezra 3:1-13 is comprised of three scenes with verse 8aα-bα intentionally placed at its center to highlight the main themes of the chapter: continuity with the past, accomplishment in the present, and aspiration for the future. The alternate view that sees Ezra 3:1-4:5 as a literary unit cannot be sustained.
The Double Exclusion of Bedouin War Widows
Authors: Bokek-Cohen Ya’arit , Ben-Asher Smadar
Published: April 2018

We critically examine the officially declared policy vis-a-vis the actual fulfilment of minorities’ equal rights in Israel. According to the theory of democratic exclusion, minority groups are tacitly disadvantaged despite formal policies and laws aimed at ensuring equality. We showcase this phenomenon in a hitherto unstudied minority sector in Israel, namely Bedouin Israel Defence Forces (idf) war widows. Analysis of in-depth interviews has led us to expose a failure to take the unique religious and cultural imperatives and restrictions into consideration, as well as a paradox of Bedouin war widows’ entitlement to equal rights while reporting suffering discrimination, exclusion, and marginalisation. In the name of these silenced Israeli citizens we call this severe violation of civil rights to public awareness and propose some practical suggestions as to how to adjust the provision of treatment and support to their cultural features, in order to truly adhere to the democratic vision.
Impact of FGGE Buoy Data on Southern Hemisphere Analyses1
Authors: Guymer L. B. , Le Marshall J. F.
Published: April 2018

Surface pressure observations from the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) drifting buoys, transmitted over the Global Telecommunication System, have been used in the Melbourne National Meteorological Analysis Centre (NMAC) operational analysis program since December 1978. From the beginning of the first Special Observing Period the network of buoys was sufficient to provide a data base over many areas from which routine surface observations have never previously been available.

The great value of the new data in the specification of critical high latitude ridge axes, the true intensity of the Southern Ocean depressions and the westerly flow south of the Australian land mass is illustrated. It is shown that the 1979 analyses differ significantly from those of previous years, with regard to such features as the circumpolar trough, the middle latitude cyclonic systems and the sub-tropical highs. An appraisal of the differences indicates they are not only due to the characteristics of the 1979 circulation but also to a first delineation of the hemispheric circulation features by use of the FGGE data base.
Aircraft Sensor Quality in SESAME 1979: Results of Tower Fly-Bys and Aircraft Intercomparison
Authors: Ziegler Diane E. , McCarthy John
Published: April 2018

Instrumented research aircraft data quality during Project SESAME ‘79 is examined in a series of tower fly-bys designed to compare temperature and static pressure measurements with reference values obtained from sensors located on the towers. Aircraft studied included an NCAR Queen Air and Sabreliner, and the South Dakota T-28. Measurements indicate that the quality of data was within acceptable limits. A discussion of data quality assessment philosophy is given, along with specific means of identifying real and potential sources of error.
Performance of the 1976 University of Wisconsin Model for United States Long-Range Forecasts Made for 1976–80
Authors: Harnack Robert P. , Sammler William R.
Published: April 2018

The 1976 version of the University of Wisconsin model's ultra long-range forecasts of monthly mean temperature and precipitation were verified for selected United States stations over the period 1976–80. In an overall sense, neither the pentad category forecasts for four months, nor the individual year forecasts for two months, showed significant skill relative to random chance expectation. Slight positive skill was found for the July precipitation forecasts. Considerable variability of skill scores were seen from one month type to another, and from year to year. The lack of demonstrated significant skill overall for the 1976–80 period contrasts with the positive results reported by the modelers for independent sample forecasts made for the period 1961–75.
Toward More Effective Educational Programs in Meteorology for Minorities
Authors: Richards Steven J.
Published: April 2018

An analysis of recent employment and student population statistics indicates a need for greater representation of minority individuals in the atmospheric sciences. The author, a member of the AMS Board on Women and Minorities and director of a meteorology program in a New York City public school, suggests that when minority children are able to participate in highly motivational activities in meteorology they will make significant gains in basic skills, attitude toward science, and awareness of career opportunities in the atmopsheric sciences.
Automated Precipitation Forecasts Using a Single-Station Radiosonde Profile
Authors: Druyan Leonard M.
Published: April 2018

An automated scheme, based on statistical regression, uses four predictors derived from a single-station radiosonde profile to forecast precipitation for a 12 h period. Testing shows good correlation between predictions and observations but also the need for adjusting systematic errors.
Mesoscale Analysis of Pressure and Precipitation Patterns during AVE-SESAME 1979, 10–11 April
Authors: Vincent Dayton G. , Homan Jeffrey H.
Published: April 2018

A mesoscale analysis of hourly surface data of pressure and precipitation is presented for the case of 10–11 April, during AVE-SESAME 1979. Barograph traces also are used in the analysis. Three distinct pressure waves traveling northeastward across Oklahoma and Missouri are found to be well correlated with thunderstorm activity and heavy rainfall amounts. Wave speeds appeared to propagate at approximately 25 m · s−1 and to have amplitudes ranging from 2 to 6 mb. The average time elapsed between successive wave passages at a particular station was 4 h. A ridge of high pressure passed a station about one hour after heavy precipitation had occurred.
Medium-Range Forecasting—The Experience of ECMWF
Authors: Bengtsson L.
Published: April 2018

The result of five years of operational medium-range forecasts at ECMWF is discussed. It is shown that a considerable improvement in predictive skill has taken place, resulting in more accurate forecasts and an extension in time of useful predictive skill. For the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, the improvement in skill during the winter season is about three days for the 500-mb geopotential compared to the very first experiments in the early 1970s. There are large geographical and temporal variations in the performance of the model, as well as large-scale errors of a systematic nature. Numerical experiments have indicated great sensitivity to the representation of orography and to tropical forcing.
Summary of the National Conference on the Scientific Results of the First GARP Global Experiment January 14–17, 1986
Authors: Nogués-Paegle Julia
Published: April 2018

An informative and stimulating conference on phenomenological studies, data systems, analysis and assimilation techniques, and numerical prediction motivated by the Global Weather Experiment (GWE) took place during the AMS annual meeting in January 1986. This conference is summarized and includes thoughtful contributions provided by R. Fleming, program chairman; J. Brown, Jr.; J. Fein; R. Greenfield; D. Johnson; E. Kalnay; D. Sargeant; and J. Theon.
HAPEX—MOBILHY: A Hydrologic Atmospheric Experiment the Study of Water Budget and Evaporation Flux at the Climatic Scale
Authors: André Jean-Claude , Goutorbe Jean-Paul , Perrier Alain
Published: April 2018

The HAPEX-MOBILHY program is aimed at studying the hydrological budget and evaporation flux at the scale of a GCM (general circulation model) grid square, i.e., 104 km2. Different surface and subsurface networks will be operated during the year 1986, to measure and monitor soil moisture, surface-energy budget and surface hydrology, as well as atmospheric properties.

A two-and-a-half-month special observing period will allow for detailed measurements of atmospheric fluxes and for intensive remote sensing of surface properties using well-instrumented aircraft. The main objective of the program, for which guest investigations are strongly encouraged, is to provide a data base against which parameterization schemes for the land-surface water budget will be tested and developed.
The Observational Error of Automated Wind Reports from Aircraft
Authors: Morone Lauren L.
Published: April 2018

Data collected from aircraft equipped with AIDS (Aircraft Integrated Data System) instrumentation during the Global Weather Experiment year of 1979 are used to estimate the observational error of winds at flight level from this and other aircraft automated wind-reporting systems. Structure functions are computed from reports that are paired using specific criteria. The value of this function extrapolated to zero separation distance is an estimate of twice the random measurement-error variance of the AIDS-measured winds. Component-wind errors computed in this way range from 2.1 to 3.1 m · s−1 for the two months of data examined, January and August 1979. Observational error, specified in optimum-interpolation analyses to allow the analysis to distinguish among observations of differing quality, is composed of both measurement error and the error of unrepresentativeness. The latter type of error is a function of the resolvable scale of the analysis-prediction system. The structure function, which measures the variability of a field as a function of separation distance, includes both of these types of error. If the resolvable scale of an analysis procedure is known, an estimate of the observational error can be computed from the structure function at that particular distance. An observational error of 5.3 m · s−1 was computed for the u and v wind components for a sample resolvable scale of 300 km. The errors computed from the structure functions are compared to colocation statistics from radiosondes. The errors associated with automated wind reports are found to compare favorably with those estimated for radiosonde winds at that level.
Objective Data Analysis Conference
Authors: Carr Edward L.
Published: April 2018

The Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) hosted a conference on objective data analysis 2–4 October 1985. This was a continuation in a series of conferences on data analysis. Participants included both operational meteorologists and research meteorologists from various government's numerical weather prediction (NWP) facilities.

The conference consisted of each participating facility reviewing their current status and future plans. Individual topics were then presented concerning data analysis, followed by small group discussions on meteorological and computational aspects of objective data analysis.

Various conclusions were developed during the conference: 1) Optimal interpolation is the analysis method most commonly used at NWP facilities and is favored for its ability to assimilate data from many different observing platforms. 2) Promising work continues with the insertion of new data into the analysis model. 3) The fundamental difference between most analyses is the difference in the imposed quality control. 4) Further improvements in data assimilation are possible if archival procedures are performed to gather covariance statistics.
Upper-Air Measurements and Instrumentation Workshop
Authors: Finger Frederick G. , Schmidlin Francis J.
Published: April 2018

The tremendous interest in upper-air measurement quality by the meteorological community brought together experts from many agencies at a Workshop on Upper-Air Measurements and Instruments. The workshop was held at NASA's Wallops Island facility on 14–15 November 1989. The purpose of the workshop was to establish a forum for the interchange of information to discuss mutual problems and to provide a basis for future work. A major recommendation of the workshop was for the development of a reference radiosonde instrument. A description of the workshop highlights are presented.
Implementation of NOAA Direct Readout Satellite Data Capabilities in Florida's Public Schools
Authors: Ruscher Paul , Kloesel Kevin , Graham Steven , Hutchins Sue
Published: April 2018

In 1992 a precollege outreach program designed to bring weather satellite imagery into the classroom was developed jointly by the Florida Technological Research and Development Authority and The Florida State University Department of Meteorology. This initiative incorporates the NOAA Direct Readout Satellite-data ingest program into Florida public school districts for the enhancement of education in a variety of curriculum areas.
Upgradient and Downgradient Potential Vorticity Fluxes Produced by Forced Rossby Waves. Part I: Basic Experiments
Authors: Mizuta Genta
Published: April 2018

The mean flow and potential vorticity (PV) flux produced by Rossby waves are examined, particularly by focusing on the effects of stratification and nonlinearity on upgradient and downgradient PV fluxes. Rossby waves are excited by an external forcing confined near the surface and produce a northward (upgradient) PV flux in the surface layer. While the meridional PV flux is considerably weak in the deep layer in the weakly nonlinear case, the southward (downgradient) PV flux is produced as nonlinearity increases. In both the surface and deep layers, the distribution of the PV flux and mean flow is qualitatively similar to that in recirculation gyres obtained in an eddy-resolving model of the wind-driven circulation. A perturbation analysis shows that the primary and harmonic waves are excited by external forcing and wave–wave interaction between the primary waves, respectively. The meridional PV fluxes in the surface and deep layers are mostly produced by the primary and harmonic waves, respectively. The southward PV flux in the deep layer is produced by the interaction between the barotropic harmonic wave and the first baroclinic component of nonlinear forcing by the primary waves. The irreversible processes that are implicitly assumed in the PV homogenization theory (Rhines and Young) do not substantially affect the southward PV flux. The qualitative features of the PV flux remain unchanged even when nonlinearity is increased beyond the range in which the perturbation theory is exactly applicable.
Upgradient and Downgradient Potential Vorticity Fluxes Produced by Forced Rossby Waves. Part II: Parameter Sensitivity and Physical Interpretation
Authors: Mizuta Genta
Published: April 2018

We examine the potential vorticity (PV) flux produced by forced Rossby waves in a two-layer quasigeostrophic model, using a perturbation analysis. Rossby waves are excited by external forcing applied to the upper layer. The southward PV flux is produced in the lower layer by the higher-order Rossby waves that are excited by nonlinear wave–wave interactions, whereas the northward PV flux is produced in the upper layer. The direction of the PV flux is consistent with that obtained by an eddy-resolving model of the wind-driven circulation in previous studies. The southward PV flux is produced in a wide parameter range comparable to the eddy-resolving model. The basic features of the PV flux remain unchanged even in the limit of weak stratification. In this limit, stratification has nearly no effect on the flow, except that it isolates the lower layer from the direct effects of external forcing. The mechanism of the southward PV flux is explained using basic features of the barotropic Rossby waves and does not depend on details of the model. Furthermore, the resonant triad interaction of Rossby waves does not affect the PV flux. Stratification weakens or strengthens the PV flux depending on the horizontal scale of the external forcing.
Cultural Individualism Is Linked to Later Onset of Adult-Role Responsibilities Across Time and Regions
Authors: Twenge Jean M. , Campbell W. Keith
Published: April 2018

This article explores links between cultural individualism and the age at which adult-role responsibilities are assumed (the speed of maturation to adulthood). Across 43 years (1973-2015) within the United States, yearly indicators of individualism were positively correlated with later onset of work and family responsibilities (a slow life strategy). The same pattern appeared cross-culturally: Across 53 nations, cultural individualism was significantly correlated with slower maturation to adulthood. These links remained over time and cross-culturally when unemployment rate, an indicator of economic strength, was included in the model. Analyses including GDP showed mixed results, suggesting a complex relationship between economic indicators, individualism, and maturation to adulthood. Across nations and time, more individualistic cultures are also those with slower maturation to adulthood (a slow life strategy).
What Does the Research Tell Us about Prevailing Wage Laws?
Authors: Duncan Kevin , Ormiston Russell
Published: April 2018

This paper reviews the research on prevailing wage laws. These policies establish location and job-specific minimum compensation rates for construction workers and apply to projects funded by the federal government, twenty-seven states, and numerous municipalities. Prevailing wage laws are controversial and are a source of ongoing policy debate. To better inform this debate this review finds that the most methodologically advanced research generally indicates that prevailing wage laws do not affect construction costs, promote worker safety and training, and do not have a racially discriminatory impact.
Repeat Migration in the Age of the “Unauthorized Permanent Resident”: A Quantitative Assessment of Migration Intentions Postdeportation
Authors: Martínez Daniel E. , Slack Jeremy , Martínez-Schuldt Ricardo D.
Published: April 2018

Drawing on postdeportation surveys ( N = 1,109) with Mexican migrants, we examine the impact of immigration enforcement programs and various social factors on repeat migration intentions. Our multivariate analyses suggest immigrants with strong personal ties to the United States have higher relative odds of intending to cross the border again, even when controlling modes of removal from the United States. Our findings highlight the inevitable failure of immigration policy and enforcement programs when placed against the powerful pull of family and home. These findings shed greater insight on the complex nature of unauthorized migration in an era of increased securitization and deportation.
“You Better Move On”: Determinants and Labor Market Outcomes of Graduate Migration from Italy
Authors: Assirelli Giulia , Barone Carlo , Recchi Ettore
Published: April 2018

After the Eurozone crisis, out-migration from southern Europe revived, mostly fed by the highly skilled young. Nevertheless, little is known about these new migrants, particularly regarding the determinants and payoffs of their moves. This study delves into the Italian case, drawing on a large representative sample of the 2011 graduation cohort. Multivariate analyses show that young people from upper-class families, foreign citizens, graduates in scientific and internationally oriented fields, and best-performing students are more likely to migrate. Moreover, compared to the “stayers,” graduate migrants enjoy more favorable outcomes in terms of wages, unemployment risks, access to skilled employment, and career satisfaction.
Long venous cannula on the arterial position for VA-ECMO
Authors: Rodriguez Maria L. , Maharajh Gyaandeo
Published: April 2018

Differential hypoxia and the arterial mixing zone are two important factors in managing peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). With the aim of improving perfusion to the aortic arch branches and coronaries, we describe our approach for VA-ECMO cannulation: bicaval drainage through the femoral vein and proximal retrograde ECMO flow using a multi-stage venous cannula inserted in the femoral artery and the tip placed at the proximal descending thoracic aorta. We report the use of this VA-ECMO approach on a 15-year-old female with combined cardiorespiratory failure and on a 12-year-old male with acute cardiac failure.
Exploring Imagery as a Technique for Promoting Physical Activity in Older Adults
Authors: Kosteli Maria-Christina , Williams Sarah E. , Cumming Jennifer
Published: April 2018

Exercise imagery can be beneficial for insufficiently active people as a means to promote physical activity (PA) engagement and positive psychological states. The present study explored imagery use in physically active and insufficiently active older adults. The revised applied model of deliberate imagery use (RAMDIU) was used as a framework to explain When, Where, Why, What, and How older adults image and explored whether the Who component of the model (older adults/PA status) interacts with these different components; 37 ( Mage = 64, SD = 5.2; 17 females) participants representing a range of PA levels took part in one of seven focus groups. Thematic analysis provided support for RAMDIU, with motivation, memory, and planning identified as the most common imagery functions, and scenery and reward images as the most commonly reported imagery content. Although some similarities exist, older adults tend to use imagery for unique functions compared with younger counterparts (e.g., to improve memory). Understanding the use of imagery in older adults will help to tailor PA interventions for promoting healthy aging in this population.
Associations between working environment and weight control efforts among workers with obesity in Korea
Authors: Hyun Hye Sun , Kim Yunyoung
Published: April 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between working environment and weight control efforts among obese workers in Korea.

Methods

This study was based on the 2011 3rd Korean Working Conditions Survey, which was conducted on workers aged 15 years or older. A sample of 484 obese workers was included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between working environment and weight control efforts after controlling for individual variables. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

Of the participants, 63.4% reported that they made efforts to control their weight. After controlling for personal factors, the OR of weight control efforts for individuals working 40–49 hours per week was 2.4 times that for individuals working 60 hours or more per week. The OR of regular employment workers was 2.2 times that of non-regular workers.

Conclusion

We established that working hours and employment type were significantly related to weight control efforts. Therefore, we recommend that working conditions should be considered in designing effective workplace health promotion programs.
Occupational therapists and paramedics form a mutually beneficial alliance to reduce the pressure on hospitals: A practice analysis
Authors: Preston Jenny , Galloway Martin , Wilson Rebekah , McNamee Lynsey , Deans Yvonne , McGhee Grier
Published: April 2018

Statement of context

Despite the emergence of collaborative models of practice between occupational therapists and paramedics, there is a lack of evidence examining the similarities and differences between the two healthcare professions including seemingly divergent models of clinical reasoning.

Critical reflection on practice

Occupational therapists, paramedics and partner agencies developed a structured learning programme which facilitated a positive approach to exploring clinical reasoning through shared clinical experiences. This led to the creation of a flexible care pathway with the aim of reducing unnecessary admission to hospital.

Implications for practice

Understanding models of clinical reasoning can facilitate the cultural shift between healthcare professions with the potential to reduce pressure on hospitals.
Cost of Oil and Biomass Supply Shocks under Different Biofuel Supply Chain Configurations
Authors: Uría-Martínez Rocío , Leiby Paul N. , Brown Maxwell L.
Published: April 2018

This analysis estimates the cost of selected oil and biomass supply shocks for producers and consumers in the light-duty vehicle fuel market under various supply chain configurations using a mathematical programing model, BioTrans. The supply chain configurations differ by whether they include selected flexibility levers: multi-feedstock biorefineries; advanced biomass logistics; and the ability to adjust ethanol content of low-ethanol fuel blends, from E10 to E15 or E05. The simulated scenarios explore market responses to supply shocks including substitution between gasoline and ethanol, substitution between different sources of ethanol supply, biorefinery capacity additions or idling, and price adjustments. Welfare effects for the various market participants represented in BioTrans are summarized into a net shock cost measure. As oil accounts for a larger fraction of fuel by volume, its supply shocks are costlier than biomass supply shocks. Corn availability and the high cost of adding biorefinery capacity limit increases in ethanol use during gasoline price spikes. During shocks that imply sudden decreases in the price of gasoline, the renewable fuel standard (RFS) biofuel blending mandate limits the extent to which flexibility can be exercised to reduce ethanol use. The selected flexibility levers are most useful in response to cellulosic biomass supply shocks.
A Semi-Automated Method to Generate GIS-Based Sidewalk Networks for Asset Management and Pedestrian Accessibility Assessment
Authors: Li Hanyan , Cebe Jack , Khoeini Sara , Xu Yanzhi “Ann” , Dyess Chelsea , Guensler Randall
Published: April 2018

Pedestrian infrastructure that is comfortable, connected to destinations of interest, and accessible to those with disabilities is vital to a safe, accessible, equitable, and sustainable transportation system. Planners recognize the benefits of providing well-maintained sidewalks and curb ramps, but often lack the asset management systems necessary to inventory sidewalk maintenance problems, prioritize sidewalk maintenance needs, and track the implementation of sidewalk improvement projects. Communities that are managing sidewalk presence and condition data typically link the data to their roadway network, which makes tracking specific sidewalk assets difficult. This paper introduces an affordable, semi-automated, and easy-to-implement process to generate a GIS-based sidewalk network with associated links and nodes representing crosswalks and intersections. Quantitative sidewalk condition data can be loaded onto the network, which allows it to be used to manage sidewalks as transportation assets, assessing pedestrian accessibility, prioritizing repairs or improvements, and to automatically identify accessible routes between origins and destinations. System inputs include parcel-level land-use and roadway centerline data, both of which are publicly available and free in most cases. The network is generated within the ArcGIS environment, using Python scripts to implement embedded ArcGIS functions. The method requires few computational resources, and tremendously reduces the manual labor required to develop a fully interconnected sidewalk network. Examples from multiple communities are presented to show how quantitative sidewalk condition data are loaded onto the network, and illustrate the network’s potential for pedestrian navigation and routing applications.
Laboratory Characterization of Clogging Potential of Porous Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Chu L. , Fwa T. F.
Published: April 2018

It is of practical significance to be able to evaluate the clogging potential of a porous asphalt mix in the laboratory during the mix design phase. This paper presents a laboratory evaluation procedure to assess the clogging potential of porous asphalt materials, and identify the mix properties that influence the clogging potential of a porous asphalt mixture. Eleven different porous mix designs were studied, with their top aggregate sizes varying from 9.5 to 19 mm, covering a porosity range of 10–28%. The procedure consists of a clogging treatment to introduce a selected clogging material into a test specimen in stages, with permeability measurements made after each stage of clogging. From the test results, two clogging potential indicators were defined: a clogging potential factor β, and the number of clogging cycles to reach the final state of fully clogged condition Nc. The effects of the following six mix properties on clogging potential of the mixes were studied: initial porosity P0, initial permeability coefficient k0, top aggregate size DT, coefficient of uniformity Cu, coefficient of curvature Cc, and coefficient of infiltration Ci. Statistical analyses were performed and it was found that the two clogging potential indicators were significantly influenced by k0, P0, and DT. Statistically significant predictive models for β and Nc were developed with these three mix properties as the predictor variables. The predictive models can serve to provide useful guidance for pavement engineers in the design of porous asphalt mixtures.
Laser-synthesized nanocrystalline, ferroelectric, bioactive BaTiO3/Pt/FS for bone implants
Authors: Jelínek Miroslav , Buixaderas Elena , Drahokoupil Jan , Kocourek Tomáš , Remsa Jan , Vaněk Přemysl , Vandrovcová Marta , Doubková Martina , Bačáková Lucie
Published: April 2018

The goal of our study is to design BaTiO3 ferroelectric layers that will cover metal implants and provide improved osseointegration. We synthesized ferroelectric BaTiO3 layers on Pt/fused silica substrates, and we studied their physical and bio-properties. BaTiO3 and Pt layers were prepared using KrF excimer laser ablation at substrate temperature Ts in the range from 200°C to 750°C in vacuum or under oxygen pressure of 10 Pa, 15 Pa, and 20 Pa. The BaTiO3/Pt and Pt layers adhered well to the substrates. BaTiO3 films of crystallite size 60–140 nm were fabricated. Ferroelectric loops were measured and ferroelectricity was also confirmed using Raman scattering measurements. Results of atomic force microscopy topology and the X-ray diffraction structure of the BaTiO3/Pt/fused silica multilayers are presented. The adhesion, viability, growth, and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells were also studied. On days 1, 3, and 7 after seeding, the lowest cell numbers were found on non-ferroelectric BaTiO3, while the values on ferroelectric BaTiO3, on non-annealed and annealed Pt interlayers, and on the control tissue culture polystyrene dishes and microscopic glass slides were similar, and were usually significantly higher than on non-ferroelectric BaTiO3. A similar trend was observed for the intensity of the fluorescence of alkaline phosphatase, a medium-term marker of osteogenic differentiation, and of osteocalcin, a late marker of osteogenic differentiation. At the same time, the cell viability, tested on day 1 after seeding, was very high on all tested samples, reaching 93–99%. Ferroelectric BaTiO3 films deposited on metallic bone implants through a Pt interlayer can therefore markedly improve the osseointegration of these implants in comparison with non-ferroelectric BaTiO3 films.
Market Exposure and the Labour Process: The Contradictory Dynamics in Managing Subcontracted Services Work
Authors: Grimshaw Damian , Cartwright Jo , Keizer Arjan , Rubery Jill
Published: April 2018

Marketization of the employment relationship is a key causal factor explaining the adverse impact of subcontracting low-wage services on employment conditions. This article extends existing sociological theory by analysing the market-making and rule-breaking roles of client and subcontractor firms through qualitative data. It finds that client organizations construct different types and temporalities of marketized cost pressures, that clients and subcontractors exploit their power advantage over labour to evade institutional rules and that labour process and reputational concerns impose a degree of moderation towards socially desirable outcomes. The theoretical framework ‘unpacks’ marketization by distinguishing the interplay between contracts, regulation and labour process requirements as shaped by clients and subcontractors. In the UK cleaning sector, the potentially positive effects of client and subcontractor actions on employment conditions are marginal, focused on non-pay aspects and introduced primarily for reputational reasons. The evidence indicates the limits of voluntary action and the need for regulation.
Translation of clinical trial data to changes in clinical practice: rapid transition from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide-based therapies in a Sydney HIV clinic
Authors: Smith Don E , Tom Merrion , Bowden Bruce H
Published: April 2018

The transition of clinical trial data to changes in routine clinical practice is often a slow process. We describe a rapid transition of patients from one form of antiviral therapy to a modified and potentially safer version that can occur quickly when there are no financial or organisational restrictions on the prescribers.
Scientific realism with correspondence truth: A reply to Asay (2018)
Authors: Haig Brian D. , Borsboom Denny
Published: April 2018

Asay (2018) criticizes our contention that psychologists do best to adhere to a substantive theory of correspondence truth. He argues that deflationary theory can serve the same purposes as correspondence theory. In the present article we argue that (a) scientific realism, broadly construed, requires a version of correspondence theory and (b) contrary to Asay’s suggestion, correspondence theory does have important additional resources over deflationary accounts in its ability to support generalizations over classes of true sentences.
Untying the Mystique of an Islamic Threat: Western Imageries, the Clash of Civilizations, and a Search for Ontological Security
Authors: Kumar H.M. Sanjeev
Published: April 2018

This article begins by arguing that a motivation to tarnish Islam as a religion has framed the foundations of Western imagery of the Muslim world. It consists of a negative cultural portrait that depicts Islam as a threat to the ontological security of the West. Such a representation is centered around an epistemic conviction that Islam and violence are inextricably intertwined with each other because the religion is still sedimented in medieval barbarism and as a civilization, it is yet to graduate out of the syndrome of dogmatic mono-cultural assertiveness and a retrograding sense of conservative obstinacy. In accordance to this, Islam emerges as an enemy of the modernized West that represents liberal cosmopolitanism and multicultural accommodation. Based on this, the article examines as to how such an epistemic conviction gets envisioned in the Islamophobic narratives of Samuel P. Huntington, Bernard Lewis, and their subsequent re-invocations that aim to problematize Islam as the ultimate nemesis of the West.
Intestinal lesions in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome associated with netF-positive Clostridium perfringens type A
Authors: Leipig-Rudolph Miriam , Busch Kathrin , Prescott John F. , Mehdizadeh Gohari Iman , Leutenegger Christian M. , Hermanns Walter , Wolf Georg , Hartmann Katrin , Verspohl Jutta , Unterer Stefan
Published: April 2018

Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS), formerly named canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, is one of the most common causes of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea in dogs, and is characterized by acute onset of diarrhea, vomiting, and hemoconcentration. To date, histologic examinations have been limited to postmortem specimens of only a few dogs with AHDS. Thus, the aim of our study was to describe in detail the distribution, character, and grade of microscopic lesions, and to investigate the etiology of AHDS. Our study comprised 10 dogs with AHDS and 9 control dogs of various breeds, age, and sex. Endoscopic biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract were taken and examined histologically (H&E, Giemsa), immunohistochemically ( Clostridium spp., parvovirus), and bacteriologically. The main findings were acute necrotizing and neutrophilic enterocolitis (9 of 10) with histologic detection of clostridia-like, gram-positive bacteria on the necrotic mucosal surface (9 of 10). Clostridium perfringens isolated from the duodenum was identified as type A (5 of 5) by multiplex PCR (5 of 5). In addition, each of the 5 genotyped isolates encoded the pore-forming toxin netF. Clostridium spp. (not C. perfringens) were cultured from duodenal biopsies in 2 of 9 control dogs. These findings suggest that the pore-forming netF toxin is responsible for the necrotizing lesions in the intestines of a significant proportion of dogs with AHDS. Given that the stomach was not involved in the process, the term “acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome” seems more appropriate than the frequently used term “hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.”
Speech Production Skills in Children With Cleft Palate Who Were Internationally Adopted
Authors: Morgan Amy , O’Gara Mary , Bellucci Claudia Crilly , Linde Sebastian , Albert Meredith , Curtis Arthur , Patel Pravin , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A.
Published: April 2018

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of international adoption (IA), age at palatoplasty (PR age), and velopharyngeal sufficiency (VPS) on articulation outcomes.

Design:

This was a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study.

Setting:

Outpatient hospital clinic.

Participants:

Fifty-one IA and 65 not-adopted (NA) children between the ages of 3 and 9 with nonsyndromic cleft palate with or without cleft lip.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation—2nd Edition (GFTA-2) standard score and cleft-related articulation errors (CREs).

Results:

Articulation impairment was observed for 40% to 76% of NA children and 71% to 92% IA children, depending on age. PR age mean IA = 2.07 (0.86) years; NA = 1.23 (0.71) years. Children who were IA had poorer performance on the GFTA-2 ( B = −13.82, P = .015). Children who were IA were not significantly more likely to make CRE; rather, age at the time of assessment ( B = −.10, P = .002) and VPS ( B = .24, P = .021) were associated with CRE.

Conclusions:

Children who were IA demonstrated poorer articulation skills. Although primary palatoplasty was accomplished later among children who were IA, age at assessment and VP status (not PR age) were significantly correlated with articulation outcomes. Implications for timing of surgical intervention are discussed.