bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cirrhosis of Wilson’s disease: High and low cutoff using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) -Comparison and combination with serum fibrosis index
Authors: Li Yan , Ma Jianbing , Li Baoqi , Zhu Xiaoli , Wang Jingping
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI), Fibrosis-4(FIB-4) and Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI) are valuable non-invasive methods to evaluate fibrosis in hepatitis virus. Yet, they are rarely used in Wilson’s disease. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ARFI, FIB-4, APRI, combined detection in cirrhosis with WD, and speculate the optimal high, low cutoff. METHODS: This retrospective study was authorized by hospital ethics Committee (number:2021MCZQ02). 102 patients with WD completed ARFI and laboratory examination on the same day. The intraclass correlation coeffcient (ICC) of ARFI among three sonographers was 0.896 (95%CI:0.859–0.925, p = 0.000). The stage of liver involvement was classified into 5 categories according to clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, and liver morphologic characteristics: I, normal; II, biochemical abnormal only; III, abnormal liver morphologic features without sighs of cirrhosis; IV, clinical and imaging sighs of compensateded cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A); V, decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B and C). This stage system served as the reference standard. The diagnostic efficacy was analyzed by Logistic regression, ROC curve. The optimal low cut-off with high sensitivity (SE) and low negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and high cut-off with high specificity (SP) and positive likelihood ratio (PLR) were derived. RESULTS: The diagnostic value of ARFI (0.85, 95%CI:0.77–0.92, p = 0.000) in distiguishing cirrhosis with WD was higher than FIB-4 (0.59, 95%CI: 0.47–0.70, p = 0.127), APRI (0.70, 95%CI: 0.59–0.81, p = 0.000). The low, high cut-off of ARFI for excluding, diagnosing cirrhosis with WD was 1.47 m/s(SE: 98%, NLR:0.09), 2.11 m/s(SP:98%, PLR:27.4), 37 (36%) patients could be spared a liver biopsy. When ARFI was 1.47∼2.11 m/s, liver biopsy was recommended. After combined with ARFI, the AUROC of FIB-4, APRI were increased respectively (p < 0.001), there were not different between ARFI and combined detection(p >  0.05). CONCLUSION: ARFI could replace some unnecessary liver biopsy according to high diagnostic efficacy for identifying cirrhosis of WD. The combined detection can also be used as an important model to predict cirrhosis in WD.
Liver stiffness measured with two-dimensional shear wave elastography comparable to histopathology falls dominantly on the severe liver fibrosis
Authors: Li Ya , Wu Size
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) has been used for years for liver assessment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but its effectiveness remains unclear in different populations and using different ultrasound systems. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effectiveness of 2D-SWE in evaluating liver fibrosis in patients with CHB. METHODS: A prospective investigation was conducted after approval by the institutional ethics committee, with 116 out of 133 patients with CHB referred for liver biopsy included and 50 patients with healthy livers selected as controls. Assessment with 2D-SWE of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was compared with histopathological results. Cutoff values for LSM were set to determine the degree of fibrosis, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. RESULTS: The optimal LSM cutoff for differentiating healthy livers from livers with CHB and any liver fibrosis was 6.485 kPa, with an AUROC of 0.927, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 19.8%. The optimal LSM cutoff values for F1, F2, F3, and F4 were 6.19 kPa, 6.485 kPa, 7.46 kPa, and 9.62 kPa, respectively, with corresponding AUROCs of 0.516, 0.625, 0.779, and 0.881, respectively. Comparisons of AUROCs between F1 and F3, F1 and F4, F2 and F3, and F2 and F4 were all significantly different (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0139, and P = 0.0003, respectively); comparisons of AUROCs between F1 and F2 and between F3 and F4 were not significantly different (P = 0.1232 and P = 0.2462, respectively). Comparisons of LSMs between healthy livers and F0 and between healthy livers and a combination of F0 and F1 were significantly different (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). Comparisons of LSMs between F1 and F2 and between F3 and F4 were not significantly different (P = 0.233 and P = 0.072, respectively). Other comparisons between fibrosis score groups were significantly different (F1 and F3, P = 0.003; F1 and F4, P = 0.007; F2 and F3, P = 0.013; F2 and F4, P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: 2D-SWE using a specific diagnostic ultrasound system is effective for the assessment of severe liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, but is limited in diagnosing mild liver fibrosis.
Federated transfer learning: Concept and applications
Authors: Saha Sudipan , Ahmad Tahir
Published: July 2021

Development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is inherently tied to the development of data. However, in most industries data exists in form of isolated islands, with limited scope of sharing between different organizations. This is an hindrance to the further development of AI. Federated learning has emerged as a possible solution to this problem in the last few years without compromising user privacy. Among different variants of the federated learning, noteworthy is federated transfer learning (FTL) that allows knowledge to be transferred across domains that do not have many overlapping features and users. In this work we provide a comprehensive survey of the existing works on this topic. In more details, we study the background of FTL and its different existing applications. We further analyze FTL from privacy and machine learning perspective.
An approach to fuzzy multi-ideals of near rings
Authors: Al Tahan Madeline , Hoskova-Mayerova Sarka , Davvaz Bijan
Published: July 2021

In recent years, fuzzy multisets have become a subject of great interest for researchers and have been widely applied to algebraic structures including groups, rings, and many other algebraic structures. In this paper, we introduce the algebraic structure of fuzzy multisets as fuzzy multi-subnear rings (multi-ideals) of near rings. In this regard, we define different operations on fuzzy multi-ideals of near rings and we generalize some results known for fuzzy ideals of near rings to fuzzy multi-ideals of near rings.
An efficient technique for cloud storage using secured de-duplication algorithm
Authors: Mohan Prakash , Sundaram Manikandan , Satpathy Sambit , Das Sanchali
Published: July 2021

Techniques of data compression involve de-duplication of data that plays an important role in eliminating duplicate copies of information and has been widely employed in cloud storage to scale back the storage capacity and save information measure. A secure AES encryption de-duplication system for finding duplication with the meaning and store up it in the cloud. To protect the privacy of sensitive information whereas supporting de-duplication, The AES encryption technique and SHA-256 hashing algorithm have been utilized to encrypt the information before outsourcing. Pre-processing is completed and documents are compared and verified with the use of wordnet. Cosine similarity is employed to see the similarity between both the documents and to perform this, a far economical VSM data structure is used. Wordnet hierarchical corpus is used to see syntax and semantics so that the identification of duplicates is done. NLTK provides a large vary of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language process (NLP) for the Python programming language that is used here for the unidentified words by cosine similarity. Within the previous strategies, cloud storage was used abundantly since similar files were allowed to store. By implementing our system, space for storing is reduced up to 85%. Since AES and SHA-256 are employed, it provides high security and efficiency.
Personalized scientific and technological literature resources recommendation based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Jin , Gu Fu , Ji Yangjian , Guo Jianfeng
Published: July 2021

To enable a quick and accurate access of targeted scientific and technological literature from massive stocks, here a deep content-based collaborative filtering method, namely DeepCCF, for personalized scientific and technological literature resources recommendation was proposed. By combining content-based filtering (CBF) and neural network-based collaborative filtering (NCF), the approach transforms the problem of scientific and technological literature recommendation into a binary classification task. Firstly, the word2vec is used to train the words embedding of the papers’ titles and abstracts. Secondly, an academic literature topic model is built using term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and word embedding. Thirdly, the search and view history and published papers of researchers are utilized to construct the model that portrays the interests of researchers. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are then used to learn the nonlinear and complicated high-order interaction features between users and papers, and the top k recommendation list is generated by predicting the outputs of the model. The experimental results show that our proposed method can quickly and accurately capture the latent relations between the interests of researchers and the topics of paper, and be able to acquire the researchers’ preferences effectively as well. The proposed method has tremendous implications in personalized academic paper recommendation, to propel technological progress.
Aspect-based sentiment analysis via relation-aware collaborative learning
Authors: Zhou Lexin , Yang Wenzhong , Wang Ting , Wu Yongzhi
Published: July 2021

Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) contains three subtasks, namely aspect term extraction, opinion term extraction and aspect-level sentiment classification. In order to make full use of the relationship between the three subtasks, some recent studies have successfully tried to use a unified framework to solve the problem of aspect-based sentiment analysis. However, these studies have not yet integrated domain knowledge into the model. Inspired by the post-training task, we propose a joint model (RACL-BERT-PT). This model combines the pre-training model BERT-PT with domain knowledge and the unified joint training framework RACL. The experimental results show that our model has achieved better results than previous experiments on three public data.
The Safety Factor for Neuromuscular Transmission: Effects of Dimethylsulphoxide, Cannabinoids and Synaptic Homeostasis
Authors: Odierna Gianmaria Lorenzo , Phillips William Donald
Published: July 2021

Background In myasthenia gravis, impaired postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine results in failure of neuromuscular transmission and fatiguing muscle weakness. Objective Develop an ex vivo muscle contraction assay to test cannabinoids and other substances that might act on the myasthenic neuromuscular junction to restore control of the muscle. Methods Tubocurarine was added to an ex vivo, mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm muscle preparation to reduce acetylcholine sensitivity. This produced a myasthenia-like decrement in twitch force during a train of 10 nerve impulses (3 / sec). Endplate potential (EPP) recordings were used to confirm and extend the findings. Results Surprisingly, addition to the bath of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), at concentrations as low as 0.1%(v/v), partially reversed the decrement in nerve-evoked force. Intracellular electrophysiology, conducted in the presence of tubocurarine, showed that DMSO increased the amplitudes of both the spontaneous miniature EPP (MEPP) and the (nerve-evoked) EPP. In the absence of tubocurarine (synaptic potentials at physiological levels), an adaptive fall in quantal content negated the DMSO-induced rise in EPP amplitude. The effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists (solubilized with DMSO) in the contraction assay do not support their further exploration as useful therapeutic agents for myasthenia gravis. CP 55,940 (a dual agonist for cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2) reversed the beneficial effects of DMSO. Conclusions: We demonstrate a powerful effect of DMSO upon quantal amplitude that might mislead pharmacological studies of synaptic function wherever DMSO is used as a drug vehicle. Our results also show that compounds targeting impaired neuromuscular transmission should be tested under myasthenic-like conditions, so as to avoid confounding effects of synaptic homeostasis.
Changes in Myonuclear Number During Postnatal Growth – Implications for AAV Gene Therapy for Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Morgan Jennifer , Muntoni Francesco
Published: July 2021

Adult skeletal muscle is a relatively stable tissue, as the multinucleated muscle fibres contain post-mitotic myonuclei. During early postnatal life, muscle growth occurs by the addition of skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) or their progeny to growing muscle fibres. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which we shall use as an example of muscular dystrophies, the muscle fibres lack dystrophin and undergo necrosis. Satellite-cell mediated regeneration occurs, to repair and replace the necrotic muscle fibres, but as the regenerated muscle fibres still lack dystrophin, they undergo further cycles of degeneration and regeneration. AAV gene therapy is a promising approach for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. But for a single dose of, for example, AAV coding for microdystrophin, to be effective, the treated myonuclei must persist, produce sufficient dystrophin and a sufficient number of nuclei must be targeted. This latter point is crucial as AAV vector remains episomal and does not replicate in dividing cells. Here, we describe and compare the growth of skeletal muscle in rodents and in humans and discuss the evidence that myofibre necrosis and regeneration leads to the loss of viral genomes within skeletal muscle. In addition, muscle growth is expected to lead to the dilution of the transduced nuclei especially in case of very early intervention, but it is not clear if growth could result in insufficient dystrophin to prevent muscle fibre breakdown. This should be the focus of future studies.
Mixed methods analysis of an exploratory apprenticeship model employment program for young adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Schwartzman Benjamin C.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Individuals with developmental disabilities experience lower employment, higher underemployment, and higher job switching rates than the general population. OBJECTIVE: The current study investigated: (1) the vocational and support experiences of individuals with developmental disabilities, and (2) the differences in participant outcomes between an apprenticeship-model employment program and the comparison group. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to assess outcomes and experiences of participants in the apprenticeship model employment program (N = 22) and a community-based “Job Club” (N = 11). Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts. Independent samples T-tests and paired samples T-tests were utilized to analyze within-group and between group differences. RESULTS: Parent interview data regarding past and current experiences of the participants in the apprenticeship model employment program suggest 6 major themes. Independent samples T-tests determined that the apprenticeship program participants were significantly less employed than the comparison group at pre-, then similarly employed as the comparison group at post-intervention. Within-group analyses determined that some aspects of participant confidence in their vocational skills and problem-solving skills significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention, according to parent report. CONCLUSIONS: The apprenticeship model of employment appears to be a promising model in need of further study with a larger sample size.
Barriers and facilitators to requesting accommodation among individuals with psychiatric disabilities: A qualitative approach
Authors: Dong Shengli , Eto Olivia , Spitz Caroline
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Employees with psychiatric disabilities experience a great amount of workplace challenges such as lacking workplace supports and job accommodations. There is a lack of research surrounding job accommodations for persons with psychiatric disabilities within the United States. Thus, research is warranted to understand how to meet the needs of this population via accommodations. OBJECTIVE: This study examined barriers and facilitators to requesting accommodations among employees with psychiatric disabilities through a qualitative approach. METHODS: This study recruited 120 participants from multiple agencies serving individuals with psychiatric disabilities in the United States. Themes regarding barriers and facilitators were identified using the conventional content analysis approach. RESULTS: The most commonly identified themes were employees’ fear and anxiety negatively impacting accommodation seeking behaviors, employer discrimination and non-inclusive workplace culture, and employers lack knowledge of disabilities and ADA. Participants also identified positive experiences in requesting accommodations. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation professionals and employers may utilize current findings, facilitate a positive and inclusive workplace environment and assist employees with disabilities to take full advantage of workplace resources and job accommodation to exert their potentials.
Polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer based controlled release tablets of aceclofenac to simultaneously enhance the solubility and bioavailability
Authors: Khan Barkat Ali , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Haider Naeem , Menaa Farid , Khan Muhammad Khalid
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of Aceclofenac with a new polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer (Soloplus®) and formulate it in controlled release (CR) tablet dosage form by direct compression method with HPMC K-15. Solid dispersions were prepared in different ratio of Aceclofenac and Soloplus® as F1, F2 and F3 with different polymer ratios i.e. 30%, 50%, and 70% respectively. All the quality control tests were performed for the prepared controlled release tablets. Drug polymer interaction studies of Aceclofenac and Soloplus® were carried using FTIR and XRD. Dissolution study was carried out against Alkaris® as a standard reference. The formulation F3 showed optimum results and followed zero order kinetics. The Soloplus® improved the solubility of the drug and the CR formulation enhanced the delivery in a sustained manner. Hence, the CR formulation enhanced the delivery of aceclofenac in a sustained manner, thereby an efficient drug delivery may lead to an effective anti-inflammatory activity.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on heart rate in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Elliott M. , Burnsed J. , Heinan K. , Letzkus L. , Andris R. , Fairchild K. , Zanelli S.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:

Sedation is recommended to optimize neuroprotection in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Dexmedetomidine is an alternative agent to opioids, which are commonly used but have adverse effects. Both TH and dexmedetomidine can cause bradycardia. In this study, we describe our experience with dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in neonates undergoing TH for HIE, with a focus on heart rate (HR).

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective chart review from 2011–2019 at a level IV NICU comparing sedation with dexmedetomidine ( n = 14), fentanyl ( n = 120), or both ( n = 32) during TH for HIE. HR trends were compared based on sedation and gestational age. Neonates were included if they underwent TH and received sedation and were excluded if cooling was initiated past 24hours (h) from birth or if they required ECMO.

RESULTS:

Of the 166 neonates included, 46 received dexmedetomidine, 14 as monotherapy and 32 in combination with fentanyl. Mean hourly HR from 12–36 h after birth was significantly lower for infants on dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl monotherapy (91±9 vs. 103±11 bpm, p < 0.002). Dexmedetomidine was decreased or discontinued in 22 (47.8%) neonates, most commonly due to inadequate sedation with a low HR. Lower gestational age was associated with higher HR but no significant difference in dexmedetomidine-related HR trends.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite an association with lower HR, dexmedetomidine may be successfully used in neonates with HIE undergoing TH. Implementation of a standardized protocol may facilitate dexmedetomidine titration in this population.
Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA with standardized occupational therapy for treatment of pediatric upper limb spasticity: Phase III placebo-controlled randomized trial
Authors: Dimitrova Rozalina , McCusker Emily , Gormley Mark , Fehlings Darcy , Alter Katharine E. , Greaves Susan , Liu Chengcheng , Brin Mitchell F.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: This is the first large study of onabotulinumtoxinA as treatment for pediatric upper limb spasticity. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate efficacy and safety of a single treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA plus occupational therapy (OT). METHODS: In this registrational phase III, multinational study (NCT01603602), participants were randomized 1:1:1 to onabotulinumtoxinA 3 U/kg/OT, 6 U/kg/OT, or placebo/OT. Primary endpoint was average change from baseline at weeks 4 and 6 in Modified Ashworth Scale-Bohannon (MAS) score. Secondary endpoints included Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI) and functional Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). RESULTS: 235 participants were randomized. At weeks 4 and 6, onabotulinumtoxinA groups had greater mean reductions in MAS (both –1.9; p < 0.001) versus placebo (–1.2). OnabotulinumtoxinA doses improved dynamic tone per MTS. Mean CGI at weeks 4 and 6 was unchanged in the overall population, but improved in a post hoc analysis of patients with a single affected upper limb (UL) muscle group (elbow or wrist). GAS score for passive goals was significantly higher for 6 U/kg versus placebo at week 12. Most AEs were mild/moderate in severity; overall incidence was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: OnabotulinumtoxinA (3 and 6 U/kg) was safe and effective in reducing upper limb spasticity in pediatric participants.
Attitudes of nurses, physiotherapy assistants and masseurs towards low back pain treatment
Authors: Simoncsics Eszter , Stauder Adrienne
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE: We evaluated the attitudes of nurses compared to physiotherapy assistants and medical masseurs (PAMs) regarding various treatment modalities used in the treatment of low-back pain (LBP) as their opinions might influence the patients’ attitudes to therapy. DESIGN: Cross sectional self-reported questionnaire survey. METHODS: 175 Hungarian health care providers completed questionnaires evaluating their opinions on the importance of various therapeutic interventions and the need for initiation of LBP treatment. Their personal LBP history and fear-avoidance beliefs (FABQ) were also investigated. FINDINGS: The importance of exercise therapy (p = 0.024) and massage (p < 0.01) was evaluated higher by the PAMs, while medication (p = 0.04) was scored higher by the nurses. Those who experienced moderate or severe LBP were more positive about pain medication than to those with mild pain (p = 0.048). Years in health care work had only a weak association with opinions. The nurses reported more fear-avoidance beliefs than the PAMs about both physical activity (p = 0.024) and work (p = 0.021). Those who experienced moderate or severe LBP had higher FABQ scores (p = 0,076), however the difference was significant only for FABQ activity (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that professional background and years of experience can influence the attitudes towards the importance of certain therapies, although these differences were small. Experiencing moderate or severe LBP increased the fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity independently of the professional background. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study draws the attention to the importance of standardization of the information to be passed to the patients and to the need of discussing personal experiences and beliefs during professional training.
The prevalence, seriousness, and causes of teenage work accidents: A gender difference?
Authors: Einarsdóttir Margrét , Rafnsdóttir Guðbjörg Linda
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Teenage workers are prone to a higher injury risk than adult workers, and adult men are prone to a higher risk of work injuries than adult women. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine whether gender differences exist in teenage work accidents, the level of the accidents, their causes, and the types of the injuries. METHODS: A survey was sent to a sample of 2,800 13–19-year-olds, randomly selected from Registers Iceland. The response rate was 48.6%. A chi-square test, CI 95%, was applied to measure gender differences. RESULTS: In total, 16.3%of the respondents had at least one work accident, and 1.2%, an accident that lead to more than one week’s absence from work. No gender differences were observed in the level of the accidents, but appeared in the types of injuries and their causes. Cuts were the most common injuries of the boys, but burns of the girls. Bone fractures were the most serious injuries of the boys, but sprains of the girls. CONCLUSION: Work accidents among teenagers are a particular threat to public health. Therefore, all stakeholders need to work together to prevent teenage work accidents in the future; and to keep in mind the gender diversity of the group.
“I never thought it would be that bad” – Increasing teachers’ awareness of psychological well-being through recovery-stress monitoring and individualised feedback
Authors: Heidari Jahan , Burton Nicola W. , McCuaig-Holcroft Louise , Kellmann Michael
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: The demanding working conditions of teachers make them susceptible to stress. Monitoring temporal changes in recovery and stress may provide a valuable approach for maintaining well-being. OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study followed a two-stage approach aimed at: a) collecting data about the potential effects of holidays on stress in teachers, and b) utilizing these findings to provide tangible feedback to teachers. METHODS: Thirty-seven German teachers completed online questionnaires over six months (eight measurements) which included two holiday periods (Easter break, Summer break). Sociodemographic data regarding recovery and stress were gathered using the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire Work. Interested teachers received individual feedback sessions. RESULTS: The results, inter alia, indicated significant time effects for the dimensions Overall Stress (F(7,119) = 5.31, p < 0.001) and Overall Recovery (F(3.7,67.7) = 4.33, p = 0.004). Significant positive changes were identified over the Summer, but not the Easter break. In the feedback sessions, group-based findings were connected with the individual recovery-stress values. Notable scores were highlighted in a matrix. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates an approach to monitoring and providing group and personalised feedback to raise teachers’ awareness and sensitivity of psychological health status in relation to their working environment.
A comparison of functional movement patterns between female low back pain developers and non-pain developers
Authors: Khoshroo Fatemeh , Seidi Foad , Rajabi Reza , Thomas Abbey
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Distinctive features of low back pain-developers (LBPDs) as pre-clinical low back pain (LBP) population have been evidenced in three areas of alignment, muscle activation, and movement patterns. To clarify whether the reported altered functional movement patterns in chronic LBP patients result from or result in LBP disorders, LBPDs’ functional movement patterns should be investigated. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare female LBPDs’ functional movement patterns with non-pain developers’ (NPDs). METHODS: Sixty female LBPDs and NPDs were recruited based on the research requirements. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was used to investigate movement quality. Data were compared between groups via Mann-Whitney U tests and correlation analyses examined association between pain intensity and onset during prolonged standing and the FMS score. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves and Chi Squares were conducted to find the best cutoff points. An alpha level of p≤0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. RESULTS: LBPDs scored significantly lower, or rather worse than NPDs in the FMS composite score (12.06±1.33 vs. 16.43±1.59, U = 3, P < 0.001). Moreover, the optimal cutoff scores of≤14 on the FMS, 2 on the push-up, and 1 on the deep squat discriminated between female LBPDs and NPDs. The FMS composite score was correlated negatively with LBP intensity (r (60) = –0.724, p < 0.001) and positively with LBP onset (r (60) = 0.277, p = 0.032) during prolonged standing. Finally, the results indicated that female LBPDs presented with at least one bilateral asymmetry on the FMS had 10 times (95% CI, 2.941–34.008) and with at least two bilateral asymmetries on the FMS had 15.5 times (95% CI, 3.814–63.359) higher odds of developing LBP during prolonged standing than NPDs. CONCLUSIONS: Female LBPDs, who are at higher risk for developing LBP in the future, have significantly lower quality of functional movement patterns compared to NPDs. Moreover, the FMS appears to show promise for predicting individuals who are at risk for LBP development during prolonged standing.
Evolución Reciente del Endeudamiento Externo de los Bancos Colombianos - Junio de 2021
Authors:   Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este informe es describir la evolución reciente de las líneas de crédito en moneda extranjera de los bancos colombianos y presentar los principales resultados de la última encuesta de endeudamiento externo y cupos, la cual fue aplicada por el Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera del Banco de la República a una muestra representativa de bancos comerciales que tienen líneas de crédito en moneda extranjera.
Reporte de la situación del crédito en Colombia - Junio de 2021
Authors:   Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera
Published: July 2021

Este reporte presenta los resultados de la Encuesta trimestral sobre la situación del crédito en Colombia, en la que participan los intermediarios financieros que realizan operaciones de crédito, como bancos, compañías de financiamiento (CFC) y cooperativas financieras (cooperativas). El objetivo de este informe es analizar la percepción que tienen las entidades sobre la oferta, la demanda y el acceso al crédito, los cambios en las políticas de asignación en el corto plazo y las expectativas que tienen los intermediarios financieros para el próximo trimestre. Además de presentar el comportamiento de las modificaciones y reestructuraciones de los créditos. El presente documento está compuesto por cinco secciones. La primera analiza el panorama general de la situación del crédito, centrándose en las percepciones que tienen los EC con respecto a su demanda y oferta. La segunda se enfoca en la situación sectorial. En la tercera sección se analizan en detalle los cambios en la oferta y las políticas de asignación de nuevos créditos. La cuarta presenta los principales resultados sobre modificaciones y reestructuración de préstamos. Finalmente, en la quinta sección se incluyen algunos comentarios generales que resumen la situación actual del crédito en Colombia.
Factors Related To Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients at M Djamil Padang Hospital
Authors: Fitri Nora , Syarif Indra  , Hendra Permana
Published: July 2021

Background: Traumatic brain injury is still a major threat because it can cause global morbidity and mortality. Many factors can affect the outcome of a traumatic brain injury. Some conditions that can exacerbate traumatic brain injury include GCS conditions, blood pressure variability, and pupillary reflexes.Methods: The research was conducted in M. Djamil Padang Hospital from October 2020 to March 2021. The study design was a cross-sectional study in traumatic brain injury patients with ≤ 48 hours of onset and the aged between 18-60 years. The subjects in this study consisted of 66 subjects. At 6 weeks after onset, a GOS assessment was performed to assess patient outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed computerized with SPSS 22.0. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most of the patients were male (71.2%) with an average age of 36.41 ± 14,275 years, and the most common injury mechanism was traffic accidents (95.5%). There was a significant relationship between onset of incidence, hypotension, pupillary reflexes, and Rotterdam score with the outcome of traumatic brain injury patients (p<0.05) and there was no significant relationship between age, gender, and mechanism of injury with the outcome patients with traumatic brain injury. Conclution: The onset of events, hypotension, pupillary reflexes, and Rotterdam scores significantly affect the outcome patients of traumatic brain injury.
Competencia socioemocional y toma de decisiones en la deserción de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Delgado-Villalobos Mayra , Maldonado - Paz Gerardo , Philippe-Jazé Jean
Published: July 2021

La educación universitaria enfrenta el reto de promover el desarrollo integral del estudiante y su aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. La competencia socioemocional tiene un impacto positivo en la experiencia de aprendizaje, en el entorno e interacción de los estudiantes y en el éxito de sus estudios. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue proponer un modelo estructural que perfile la relación entre competencia socioemocional y toma de decisiones sobre el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios. El estudio fue exploratorio y transversal. La muestra fue no aleatoria e intencional con 227 estudiantes (156 mujeres, 71 hombres, promedio de edad 21.52 años). Se utilizó modelaje con ecuaciones estructurales y se identificó que, en la competencia socioemocional, a mayor resiliencia menor regulación emocional; en la toma de decisiones hubo una correlación positiva entre el componente emocional y el componente cognitivo. Se concluye que, desde la cognición social, las interacciones sociales promovidas por las competencias socioemocionales integran al estudiante en su entorno educativo; el componente cognitivo de la toma de decisiones eleva en el estudiante su capacidad de análisis y síntesis de la información para responder de manera positiva a las demandas de contextos complejos y tener un mayor rendimiento académico.
Refortalecimiento y pedagogía de la indignación: Hacia un sueño con raíces
Authors: Vázquez-Rivera Carlos
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se profundiza la relación entre refortalecimiento y una pedagogía liberadora. La vivencia que la actual pandemia de COVID -19 ha generado en la esfera educativa es una combinación de indignación y curiosidad. Este despertar le permite adquirir a nuestros sueños la forma de un acto político que da raíces a la esperanza y nos permite rechazar el fatalismo de una educación tecnocrática e inmovilizadora. La actual pandemia ha desmantelado la idea de reducir al otro(a) a la imagen de una pantalla, transformando nuestra vida cotidiana en una pesadilla. Toda vez, que el contacto cara a cara, la microfísica gestual y el aprendizaje, como una experiencia de todo el cuerpo, han sido revalorizados y reafirmados como claves de una vivencia que nos refortalece. Cultivar, desde el refortalecimiento esa ¨sensibilidad por lo concreto¨ que viene del educando nos permite aprovechar la enseñanza de su experiencia y nos ayuda a transformar la desesperanza aprendida en una esperanza liberadora. De manera que la indignación se convierta en una acción educativa que profundice la pedagogía de la pregunta y que nos haga soñar con las raíces firmes en el ejercicio de un método dialógico que practicándolo nos educa a todos y todas.
Habilidades Sociales: breve contextualización histórica y aproximación conceptual
Authors: Grasso-Imig Paula
Published: July 2021

Desde hace ya varias décadas que las habilidades sociales se han convertido en un importante objeto de estudio de la investigación psicológica. No obstante, se encuentra entre los constructos más difíciles al momento de identificar un modelo que refiera de forma unificada su significado. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un recorrido articulado acerca de algunos desarrollos relevantes acerca del mismo, para poder arribar a una idea integrada. Partiendo de la idea que, las habilidades cognitivo -contextuales permiten ordenar y organizar la vida de las personas, han sido un factor primordial en la adaptación de las sociedades y sus culturas, se pretende desarrollar un recorrido que permita a quienes las investigan tener una idea general acerca de cómo se las entiende, y que además permita estructurar nuevos trabajos sobre el tema
Policy Forum: Promoting Tax Compliance by Regulating the Digital Economy—Quebec's Uber Initiative
Authors: Robert-Angers Michaël , Godbout Luc
Published: July 2021

The development and expansion of the digital economy is changing how companies interact with their customers and suppliers. Digital business models facilitate transactions between individuals and make it easier to conduct business abroad without the need for a physical presence. However, the growing use of such models creates many challenges for tax administrations. In particular, these new business practices call into question the traditional ways of collecting tax revenues, and thus force tax administrations to innovate. In Quebec, the context surrounding the legalization of the operations of the multinational Uber has led to an agreement between the company and the provincial government providing that Uber will carry out, on behalf of the drivers using its platform, tax compliance activities that employers would normally perform. Specifically, Uber now pays the sales tax applicable to drivers' transactions directly to Revenu Québec. This arrangement helps to protect commodity tax revenues in an economic sector where tax evasion is prevalent.
PENERAPAN GREEN CONSTRUCTION PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN TOD MAHATA MARGONDA
Authors: Masloman Muthia Utari , Nursin Afrizal
Published: July 2021

Environmental damage and global warming has become an issue in the world. Developments in the construction project has a large influence in environmental change on the surface of the earth. Construction activities start from the constructing stage to the operating stage. Green construction is one part of the sustainable development that is required to participate in environmental sustainability. With this background, the author agreed to explain the criteria, stages of difficulty and obstacles in implementing Green Construction. Data collected by questionnaire method and data analysis using SPSS Statistics 26. The results of this study obtained the value of the Green Construction criteria that applied is waste project variables with an average value of 3,748 and the lowest is site project variables with average 3,198. The most dominant factor of difficulty in applying Green Construction is the water usage variable with an average value of 3,283 and the lowest difficulty in applying is the energy variable with an average of 2,817. The most challenging obstacle factor in implementing Green Construction is the cost factor with an average value of 4.00 and the lowest obstacle is the efficient design variable with an average of 2.96. Thus, from the results of this study is expected that the contractor can help more actively in improving the implementation of Green Construction in this construction project.
KINERJA SERAT KAWAT BENDRAT SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH BETON FAS 0.4
Authors: Pratama Lantif Anggrahita , Rifqi Ahmad Hakam , Riyadi Muhtarom
Published: July 2021

Concrete is the most important part of a construction building. The purpose of this study was to examine how the comparison of physical and mechanical properties and optimum levels of the addition of straight tie wire as an added material with a water-cement ratio of 0.4. The percentage of addition of straight tie wire: 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, of the total weight of the specimen with a tie-wire length of 8 cm. The test specimens for compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and split tensile are in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm, and the specimen for flexural strength is a block with a length of 50 cm, a width of 10 cm and a height of 10 cm. The results show that the maximum compressive strength test on tie wire occurred at a percentage of 0.75% of 16.56 MPa. The maximum modulus of elasticity in tie wire occurred at a percentage of 0.75% of 15184.56 MPa. The maximum split tensile strength of tie wire occurred in a percentage of 0.75% of 1.165 MPa, and the maximum flexural strength of tie wire occurs at a percentage of 0.75% of 1.950 MPa. The research results concluded that the addition of a straight tie-wire to the concrete mixture could increase the compressive strength, split tensile strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of concrete.
Differentiated evaluation of counter-conditioned stimuli as a function of right-wing authoritarianism
Authors: Bret Amélie , Beffara Brice , Mierop Adrien , Mermillod Martial
Published: July 2021

Right Wing Authoritarianism (i.e., RWA) is associated with enhanced conservatism and social prejudice. Because research linking RWA to attitudes is largely correlational (i.e., it provides control for neither RWA nor attitude learning), it is not clear how RWA relates to attitude learning dynamics. We addressed this question in 11 evaluative conditioning experiments that ensured rigorous control of the affective learning setting. Results from two integrative data analyses suggest that (i) individuals scoring higher in RWA show a stronger acquisition of positive attitudes, and that (ii) the residuals of this stronger acquisition remain even after exposure to counter-attitudinal information. Implications of these findings for research on RWA and its link to social prejudice are discussed.
Analysis of the results of using nitrogen foam hydraulic fracturing at the oil fields of TPЕ «Kogalymneftegaz»
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Imangulov D. V. , Yarkeeva N. R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: July 2021

The article discusses one of the methods that increase the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing operations — nitrogen foam hydraulic fracturing. On the example of several oil fields of TPE “Kogalymneftegaz”, the effectiveness of the application of this technology is assessed on the basis of the research results and recommendations are given for its further use.
Influence of Fluid Recovery and Flushing Frequency on Oil Recovery
Authors:   Branch of the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Tashkent, Akramov B. Sh. , , Umedov Sh. Kh. ,   Tashkent State Technical University, Nuritdinov Zh. F. ,   JSC «IGIRNIGM», Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the influence of intensive fluid withdrawal on the oil production process and on the amount of anhydrous current and final oil recovery. The beneficial effect of high rates of fluid recovery on the rate of oil recovery ant the current oil recovery in the water period is the technological basis of the method of forced fluid recovery from the reservoir. It is shown that forced withdrawal allows to reduce the duration of the late stage and extend the period of profitable oil production.
Can get passive replace be passive in English?
Authors: Bili Yunita Reny Bani
Published: July 2021

While some traditional grammarians claim that get passive is the alternative colloquial of be passive, some scholars argue that get passive cannot be used to replace be passive since the use of get as a passive auxiliary is very limited. Due to the debatable claims, this research paper investigated whether be passive can replace get passive or not. In finding the answer, the writing was done by a thorough library study about semantic structure and division of each passive’s role. The result shows that get passive cannot replace be passive because of several reasons. From a semantic structure point of view, firstly the stative verbs, such as emotion and thought cannot be addressed with get passive. Secondly, get passive does not go well with the verbs “creation”. Following the structure, it is important to note that be passive and get passive have distinctive roles according to the event. Six types of get passives support this claim because get passive shows no indication that it can replace the function of be passive in some contexts. The types of get passive covers non-reflexive adversative, reflexive adversative, adversative get passive with an inanimate subject, beneficial get passive, the reflexive beneficial get passive and the beneficial get passive with an inanimate subject. After proposing all these different uses of get passive, it can be argued that get passive cannot be claimed to replace be passive because it denotes different meanings and get passive has restricted uses. If be passive is used in the context of get passive then it will shift the meanings.
Audience and Purpose as a Guide to Improve Acceptability and Readability of Technical Translation
Authors: Zhu Pinfan
Published: July 2021

Equivalence theory in translation, which is source-text focused, has always been an influential guideline for translators. However, recently, scholars argue that equivalence in translation is not totally possible, and in the author’s opinion, it is not even necessary in many cases in technical communication. In this article, the author tries to approach technical translation guidelines from a different angle, which is purpose an audience-focused. The paper discusses how to improve and evaluate the acceptability or readability of technical translation in terms of the expectations of the audience and the need for the translation purpose. Taking a Traditional Chinese Medical website as an example, the author points out that only by targeting the audience’s needs at the semantic, syntactic, textual, and content levels can a technical translator produce effective technical translations accepted and appreciated by readers.
Trilateral relations among China, Nepal and India: Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Bao Barack Lujia
Published: July 2021

Through multiple cases, comparative analysis, and empirical analysis, the purpose of this essay attempts to examine the triangular interaction among China, India and Nepal from the geopolitical and geoeconomic perspectives. It can be observed that the progress over intensive cultural exchanges among China, Nepal and India has been a little bit more noticeable and more substantive than interstate economic engagement. The comparison between the China-initiating Belt and Road Initiative and India’s neighbourhood policy shows that both major economies tend to be strategically vying for constructive partnership in South Asia. Furthermore, Nepal’s proposal of trans-Himalaya connectivity provides a crucial, intermediary trade alternative among these three economies in promotions of mutual economic growth and prosperity. This essay chiefly argues that both Nepal and China, as the two chief emerging powers in Asia, are encouraged to play a much more proactive role in fostering trilateral connectivity, whilst India as a member of BRICS should revamp its foreign policy considerations to fully utilise India’s neighbourhood policy and meanwhile acquaint itself with China’s Belt and Road Initiative to facilitate regional growth at an interstate level that can share beneficial trilateral interests. This essay unveils a more accurate, comprehensive scenario of BRI-generating linchpin of triangular China-Nepal-India ties that is heterogeneous to the neoliberal system.