bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a new coalition for the early years sector
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: September 2023

A group of sector organisations and children's charities have joined forces to form the new Early Education and Childcare Coalition. With the Government claiming that new entitlements will resolve issues around cost for parents, can the Coalition help ensure a system that works for all? Sue Cowley examines some of the issues.
How to set up an inspirational and cosy baby room in a nursery
Authors: Yates Ann
Published: September 2023

Ann Yates, owner/product developer at Millwood Education discusses what staff should prioritize to create a baby room that allows infants to develop emotionally and physically, as well as start building communications skill and learning about the world while feeling safe and secure.
Conducting genuinely inclusive assessments: An essential goal for early years practitioners
Authors: Kilgour Stephen
Published: September 2023

Stephen Kilgour, SEND advisor and outreach teacher for The Foundation Stage Forum, discusses the importance of a child-centred approach when conducting assessments in early years, particularly for a child with learning differences or disabilities.
Weaning: Research into mothers' experiences of the first four weeks
Authors: Hewison Ruth
Published: September 2023

The last article in this series by Ruth Hewison, Early Childhood Studies graduate, explores the final two key themes of her research: home-cooked and shop-bought baby food, and the support available to mothers during weaning. Additionally, it provides an overall summary of her research.
Supporting children with English as an additional language in early years
Authors: Rogers Sammy , Middleton Steph
Published: September 2023

Sammy Rogers and Steph Middleton, co-founders and directors of Wonderbloom, explore how to support children who have English as an additional language (EAL) in early years settings, highlighting the strategies they use at Wonderbloom to foster a welcoming environment, involve parents/carers and enhance each child's early education experience.
Remembering the forgotten: Why we need to focus on looked-after children
Authors: Gillespie Emma
Published: September 2023

A widely agreed fact is that the early years of a child’s life can be a strong predictor of their development, but an often-forgotten category of children is Looked-After Children (LAC) ( Harvard University, 2022 ). In the first article in a three part series, Emma Gillespie, early years educator, shares the research from her dissertation which looks at the impact of being a child in care on an individual’s early social and emotional development.
‘Happy children equal wonderful learners’
Authors: Roberts Elly
Published: September 2023

Danielle Lloyd, lead assistant head and inclusion lead at Lime Tree Primary Academy shares her thoughts on the importance of prioritising children's wellbeing in early years to allow them to flourish and be ready to learn. @DRatcliffeLloyd
ENRICH Scotland: a research network enabling research in care homes in Scotland
Authors: Drummond Maria , Shenkin Susan , Ashworth Rosalie , Cousland Lesley , Frew Diane , Henderson Cheryl , McInally Bernie , McLean Irina , Law Emma
Published: September 2023

There is a need to understand the lives of people who live in care homes and how care should be delivered in this setting. Enabling Research in Care Homes (ENRICH) was funded by National Institute for Health Research in 2012 in England to increase research awareness and participation for people who live and work in care homes. A similar model was developed for Scotland, but without funding this proved difficult. In 2021, the Chief Scientist Office funded an expansion of the existing model for Scottish care homes. This article describes the components of enabling research in care homes in Scotland and the research infrastructure the team are developing to enable more research, including clinical trials, to be carried out in Scottish care homes, and how this will benefit the residents, families and staff.
Retaining and hiring the older worker
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: September 2023

In this article, Adam Bernstein discusses the benefits of an ageing workforce
Behind the scenes: recognising the importance of non-healthcare professionals working in nursing and residential care homes
Authors: Ashurst Adrian M
Published: September 2023

In this article, Adrian Ashurst discusses the roles played by team members working in a care home setting.
Funding for social care: short-term help welcomed but a long-term workforce plan is needed
Authors: Williams Vicki
Published: September 2023

In this article, Vicki Williams discusses the government's funding plans to boost the workforce.
Boiler Upgrade Scheme Is Failing, Says Lords Committee
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: September 2023

The House of Lords Environment and Climate Change Committee has concluded that the government’s Boiler Upgrade Scheme is failing to deliver on its objectives.
Concrete Plans
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: September 2023

Cement and concrete underpin modern construction, but their associated carbon emissions are enormous, accounting for up to eight per cent of the global total. The Engineer quizzed an array of experts working on solutions to decarbonise the materials.
Who Needs A Fitness Coach?
Authors: Brinkley Alex
Published: September 2023

Augmented Reality, AI and advances in sensor design mean wearable devices could put sports coaches on the bench.
Supporting Medical Innovation
Authors: Coding Stuart
Published: September 2023

Supporting innovation in medical electronics for therapies, diagnosis, and rehabilitation.
Smart City 2023
Authors: TYLER NEIL
Published: September 2023

What does the future hold for smart city technology? NEIL TYLER investigates
A Revolution In Design
Authors: TYLER NEIL
Published: September 2023

Agile Analog is helping to revolutionise the design of analogue and mixed-signal circuits.
Şule Yüksel Şenler: An Islamist Vernacular Intellectual
Authors: Sakarya Sümeyye
Published: September 2023

This article is not a contemplation on women and politics. Neither is it a discussion on Muslim women, the hijab, and Islamism. Instead, this is a testimony to and a remark on Şule Yüksel Şenler, an Islamist vernacular intellectual who blazed a trail in the Islamist politics of Türkiye commencing in the 1960s but existed in the Islamism literature rather through her absence. Şenler vernacularised Islamism by mobilising the hijab, public talks, cinema, literature, journalism, and womanhood, amongst other things such as charities, organisations and politics. As a testimony, I begin with a depiction of the context by providing a chronicle of Turkish politics focusing on the 1960s with a biographical note on Şenler. Next, as a remark, I attempt to work her out as a vernacular intellectual who fashioned the context that concurrently moulded her. To this end, I present Grant Farred’s concept of vernacular intellectual. Farred coins the term to account for the particular intellectual figures who emerged from the anti/postcolonial struggles. Then, I narrate the story of Şenler by expanding the vernacular intellectual and vernacular beyond the conventional postcolonial setting.
A Caliphate of Ideas? Islamic Politics in Dialogue with Contemporary Marxism
Authors: Tutt Daniel
Published: September 2023

This article deconstructs the conceptual framework of the social theorist Salman Sayyid by critically examining his work on the political and hegemony in relation to the thought of the post-Marxist philosopher Ernesto Laclau. Sayyid elaborates a theory of the political that necessitates a communal break with existing society, a move very similar to Laclau and post-Marxist thought more generally. In analyzing Sayyid’s theories of the caliphate with Laclau’s conception of hegemonic struggle, the author suggests that the construction of any caliphate should think about the question of solidarity with “plebs” or those discarded from the system of capitalism. The article concludes with an analysis of how Sayyid’s theoretical praxis can be applied in American Muslim political activism through the concept of the counterpublic.
Islamophobia and Proximities to Whiteness: Organizing Outside of the Brown Muslim Subject
Authors: Ali Nadiya N. , El-Sherif Lucy , Mire Hawa Y.
Published: September 2023

The existing Islamophobia
1
literature has come to illustrate how the Muslim subject “can at a moment’s notice be erected as [an] object of supervision and discipline” (Morey and Yaqin 2011: 5–6). In the popular imagination, Muslimhood
2
has come to stand for an undifferentiated culturally alien oriental subject defined through the prism of racialized violence and irrationality. Although much of the anti-Islamophobia efforts – academic and community-based – work to combat the reductiveness of a universalized Muslim figure, these efforts tend to uncritically take up the brown Muslim figure as the starting point of inquiry, thereby further reifying the homogenizing racialization of dominant discourses. This article opens up the possibilities to expand thinking on the lifeworld of Islamophobia by addressing the erasure that happens with this homogenizing approach to Islamophobia. In particular, we consider the dialogical nature between the operational life of Islamophobia and the differing proximities to whiteness our intersectional subject positions make available. And in turn, how these availabilities come to shape the experience of Islamophobia is a prime focus of analysis. The authors ask: how does the systemic demarcation of Muslim subjectivity, across racial, ethnic, class, regional, and ideological lines, interact with how Islamophobia is experienced and operationalized? Leveraging an auto-ethnographic approach, we provide first-person narratives of Islamophobic encounters from our respective geopolitical and social locations to deconstruct and delineate an intersectional understanding of Islamophobia.
Layered hybrid PAM-DMT for IM/DD OWC systems
Authors: Geng Zuhang , Tang Xinke , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Dong Yuhan
Published: September 2023

Traditional pulse-amplitude-modulated discrete multitone modulation (PAM-DMT) suffers from poor overall performance of spectral and power efficiencies in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. We propose layered hybrid PAM-DMT (LHPAM-DMT) to utilize more subcarriers to improve the performance. The real part of frequency domain signal is divided into several layers and symmetry biases are added in time domain to generate real-valued and nonnegative signals for intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) OWC systems. By appropriately designing the orthogonality between the signals in lower layers and signals & added biases in higher layers, we further propose an iterative receiver to recover the transmitted information. Theoretical derivation proves that LHPAM-DMT has higher spectral efficiency than PAM-DMT and lower complexity than layered PAM-DMT. Numerical results suggest that LHPAM-DMT is more power efficient than PAM-DMT as well as direct-current (DC) biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM), one of the most popular schemes.
Predictive modeling of antibiotic eradication therapy success for new-onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Graña-Miraglia Lucía , Morales-Lizcano Nadia , Wang Pauline W. , Hwang David M. , Yau Yvonne C. W. , Waters Valerie J. , Guttman David S.
Published: September 2023

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) lung infections are the leading cause of mortality among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients; therefore, the eradication of new-onset Pa lung infections is an important therapeutic goal that can have long-term health benefits. The use of early antibiotic eradication therapy (AET) has been shown to clear the majority of new-onset Pa infections, and it is hoped that identifying the underlying basis for AET failure will further improve treatment outcomes. Here we generated machine learning models to predict AET outcomes based on pathogen genomic data. We used a nested cross validation design, population structure control, and recursive feature selection to improve model performance and showed that incorporating population structure control was crucial for improving model interpretation and generalizability. Our best model, controlling for population structure and using only 30 recursively selected features, had an area under the curve of 0.87 for a holdout test dataset. The top-ranked features were generally associated with motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation.
Is the burden of anaemia among Indian adolescent women increasing? Evidence from Indian Demographic and Health Surveys (2015–21)
Authors: Chakrabarty Mahashweta , Singh Aditya , Singh Shivani , Chowdhury Sourav
Published: September 2023

Anaemia is a significant public health issue, particularly affecting women in India. However, little is known about the burden of anaemia among adolescent women in India over time. This study aimed to analyse the change in the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent women in India from 2015 to 2021 and identify the factors associated with anaemia in this population. This study used information on 116,117 and 109,400 adolescent women (aged 15–19) from the fourth and fifth round of National Family Health Survey, respectively. Bivariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify the statistically significant predictors of anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia among adolescent women in India increased from 54.2% (99% CI: 53.6–54.8) to 58.9% (99% CI: 58.3–59.5) over the study period (2015–16 to 2019–21). Among the 28 Indian states, 21 reported an increase in the prevalence of anaemia. However, the levels of increase varied across the states. While Assam, Chhattisgarh, and Tripura showed a substantial rise of 15 percentage points, the states of Punjab, Karnataka, Telangana, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh recorded a marginal increase of less than 5 percentage points. Notably, Uttarakhand and Kerala exhibited a decline in anaemia prevalence during the study period. Additionally, the number of states with anaemia prevalence exceeding 60%, doubled from 5 in 2015–16 to 11 in 2019–21. Several factors were found associated with anaemia, including having more than one child (AOR: 1.33, 99% CI: 1.16–1.51), having no education (AOR: 1.25, 99% CI: 1.16–1.34), belonging to Scheduled Tribes (AOR: 1.47, 99% CI: 1.40–1.53), being in the lowest wealth quintile (AOR: 1.17, 99% CI: 1.12–1.23), year of survey (AOR: 1.26, 99% CI: 1.23–1.29), and being underweight (AOR: 1.10, 99% CI: 1.07–1.12). In conclusion, the rise in anaemia prevalence among adolescent women in India suggests the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the burden of anaemia and enhance the overall health of this population.
Convergent trends and spatiotemporal patterns of Aedes-borne arboviruses in Mexico and Central America
Authors: Gutierrez Bernardo , da Silva Candido Darlan , Bajaj Sumali , Rodriguez Maldonado Abril Paulina , Ayala Fabiola Garces , Rodriguez María de la Luz Torre , Rodriguez Adnan Araiza , Arámbula Claudia Wong , González Ernesto Ramírez , Martínez Irma López , Díaz-Quiñónez José Alberto , Pichardo Mauricio Vázquez , Hill Sarah C. , Thézé Julien , Faria Nuno R. , Pybus Oliver G. , Preciado-Llanes Lorena , Reyes-Sandoval Arturo , Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Escalera-Zamudio Marina
Published: September 2023

Background

Aedes-borne arboviruses cause both seasonal epidemics and emerging outbreaks with a significant impact on global health. These viruses share mosquito vector species, often infecting the same host population within overlapping geographic regions. Thus, comparative analyses of the virus evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics across spatial and temporal scales could reveal convergent trends.

Methodology/Principal findings

Focusing on Mexico as a case study, we generated novel chikungunya and dengue (CHIKV, DENV-1 and DENV-2) virus genomes from an epidemiological surveillance-derived historical sample collection, and analysed them together with longitudinally-collected genome and epidemiological data from the Americas. Aedes-borne arboviruses endemically circulating within the country were found to be introduced multiple times from lineages predominantly sampled from the Caribbean and Central America. For CHIKV, at least thirteen introductions were inferred over a year, with six of these leading to persistent transmission chains. For both DENV-1 and DENV-2, at least seven introductions were inferred over a decade.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results suggest that CHIKV, DENV-1 and DENV-2 in Mexico share evolutionary and epidemiological trajectories. The southwest region of the country was determined to be the most likely location for viral introductions from abroad, with a subsequent spread into the Pacific coast towards the north of Mexico. Virus diffusion patterns observed across the country are likely driven by multiple factors, including mobility linked to human migration from Central towards North America. Considering Mexico’s geographic positioning displaying a high human mobility across borders, our results prompt the need to better understand the role of anthropogenic factors in the transmission dynamics of Aedes-borne arboviruses, particularly linked to land-based human migration.
How correlations between treatment access and surveillance inclusion impact neglected tropical disease monitoring and evaluation—A simulated study
Authors: Clark Jessica , Davis Emma L. , Prada Joaquin M. , Gass Katherine , Krentel Alison , Hollingsworth T. Déirdre
Published: September 2023

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) largely impact marginalised communities living in tropical and subtropical regions. Mass drug administration is the leading intervention method for five NTDs; however, it is known that there is lack of access to treatment for some populations and demographic groups. It is also likely that those individuals without access to treatment are excluded from surveillance. It is important to consider the impacts of this on the overall success, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of intervention programmes. We use a detailed individual-based model of the infection dynamics of lymphatic filariasis to investigate the impact of excluded, untreated, and therefore unobserved groups on the true versus observed infection dynamics and subsequent intervention success. We simulate surveillance in four groups–the whole population eligible to receive treatment, the whole eligible population with access to treatment, the TAS focus of six- and seven-year-olds, and finally in >20-year-olds. We show that the surveillance group under observation has a significant impact on perceived dynamics. Exclusion to treatment and surveillance negatively impacts the probability of reaching public health goals, though in populations that do reach these goals there are no signals to indicate excluded groups. Increasingly restricted surveillance groups over-estimate the efficacy of MDA. The presence of non-treated groups cannot be inferred when surveillance is only occurring in the group receiving treatment.
Pellioditis pelhamensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) and Pellioditis pellio (Schneider, 1866), earthworm associates from different subclades within Pellioditis (syn. Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976)
Authors: Tandingan De Ley Irma , Kiontke Karin , Bert Wim , Sudhaus Walter , Fitch David H. A.
Published: September 2023

Recently, much attention has been focused on a group of rhabditid nematodes called Phasmarhabditis, a junior synonym of Pellioditis, as a promising source of biocontrol agents for invasive slugs. Pellioditis pelhamensis n. sp. was first isolated from earthworms near Pelham Bay Park in Bronx, New York, USA, in 1990 and has been found to be pathogenic to slugs as well as some earthworms. It has also been used in several comparative developmental studies. Here, we provide a description of this species, as well as a redescription of a similar earthworm-associated nematode, Pellioditis pellio Schneider, 1866, re-isolated from the type locality. Although P. pelhamensis n. sp. and P. pellio are morphologically similar, they are reproductively isolated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis places both species in a clade that includes all species previously described as Phasmarhabditis which are associated with gastropods. Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976 is therefore a junior synonym of Pellioditis Dougherty, 1953. Also, Pellioditis bohemica Nermut’, Půža, Mekete & Mráček, 2017, described to be a facultative parasite of slugs, is found to be a junior synonym of Pellioditis pellio (Schneider, 1866), adding to evidence that P. pellio is associated with both slugs and earthworms. The earthworm-associated species P. pelhamensis n. sp. and P. pellio represent different subclades within Pellioditis, suggesting that Pellioditis species in general have a broader host range than just slugs. Because of this, caution is warranted in using these species as biological control agents until more is understood about their ecology.
Pricing strategies for new product and remanufactured product considering emission sensitive demand
Authors: Huang Xixi , Lou Zhenkai , Dai Xiaozhen , Luo Lieying
Published: September 2023

With the rapidly increasing concern on environmental pollution and resource shortage, remanufactured products attract many attentions. In order to determine the optimal production and pricing strategy, we construct decision models for both single-product market and mixed-product market. Consumers’ different preferences for new products and remanufactured products are considered. First, we construct pricing models for a single-product market, and achieve a judging condition to determine the optimal strategy. Second, we develop a pricing model for a multiple-product market and put forward a suppose to show that the multiple-product strategy is not always optimal. Finally, numerical illustrations are designed to examine the impacts of the two crucial factors and obtain the dominant regions for each strategy. By introducing an emission sensitive demand, we show the superiority of the remanufactured product when the extra demand attracted by the emission saving is large.
Shame and anger differentially predict disidentification between collectivistic and individualistic societies
Authors: Bierle Isabel , Becker Julia C. , Nakao Gen , Heine Steven J.
Published: September 2023

In the present research we tested the differential effects of anger versus shame as emotional predictors of ingroup disidentification in one rather collectivistic (Japan) and two rather individualistic societies (Germany, Canada). We tested the idea that individuals cope with socially undesired emotions by disidentifying from their group. Specifically, we predicted that after a group conflict, anger, an undesired emotion in Japan, would elicit disidentification in Japan, whereas shame, an undesired emotion in Canada and Germany, would elicit disidentification in Germany and Canada. Study 1 (N = 378) found that anger, but not shame, was related to disidentification in Japan, whereas shame, but not anger, was related to disidentification in Canada and Germany. Study 2 (N = 171) shows that, after group conflict, Japanese disidentified more when imagining to feel angry, whereas Germans disidentified more when imagining to feel ashamed. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Genetic identification of avian samples recovered from solar energy installations
Authors: Gruppi Cristian , Sanzenbacher Peter , Balekjian Karina , Hagar Rachel , Hagen Sierra , Rayne Christine , Schweizer Teia M. , Bossu Christen M. , Cooper Daniel , Dietsch Thomas , Smith Thomas B. , Ruegg Kristen , Harrigan Ryan J.
Published: September 2023

Renewable energy production and development will drastically affect how we meet global energy demands, while simultaneously reducing the impact of climate change. Although the possible effects of renewable energy production (mainly from solar- and wind-energy facilities) on wildlife have been explored, knowledge gaps still exist, and collecting data from wildlife remains (when negative interactions occur) at energy installations can act as a first step regarding the study of species and communities interacting with facilities. In the case of avian species, samples can be collected relatively easily (as compared to other sampling methods), but may only be able to be identified when morphological characteristics are diagnostic for a species. Therefore, many samples that appear as partial remains, or “feather spots”—known to be of avian origin but not readily assignable to species via morphology—may remain unidentified, reducing the efficiency of sample collection and the accuracy of patterns observed. To obtain data from these samples and ensure their identification and inclusion in subsequent analyses, we applied, for the first time, a DNA barcoding approach that uses mitochondrial genetic data to identify unknown avian samples collected at solar facilities to species. We also verified and compared identifications obtained by our genetic method to traditional morphological identifications using a blind test, and discuss discrepancies observed. Our results suggest that this genetic tool can be used to verify, correct, and supplement identifications made in the field and can produce data that allow accurate comparisons of avian interactions across facilities, locations, or technology types. We recommend implementing this genetic approach to ensure that unknown samples collected are efficiently identified and contribute to a better understanding of wildlife impacts at renewable energy projects.
Medical imaging utilization and associated radiation exposure in children with down syndrome
Authors: Marlow Emily C. , Ducore Jonathan M. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Bowles Erin J. A. , Greenlee Robert T. , Pole Jason D. , Rahm Alanna K. , Stout Natasha K. , Weinmann Sheila , Smith-Bindman Rebecca , Miglioretti Diana L.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the frequency of medical imaging or estimated associated radiation exposure in children with Down syndrome.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 4,348,226 children enrolled in six U.S. integrated healthcare systems from 1996–2016, 3,095 of whom were diagnosed with Down syndrome. We calculated imaging rates per 100 person years and associated red bone marrow dose (mGy). Relative rates (RR) of imaging in children with versus without Down syndrome were estimated using overdispersed Poisson regression.

Results

Compared to other children, children with Down syndrome received imaging using ionizing radiation at 9.5 times (95% confidence interval[CI] = 8.2–10.9) the rate when age <1 year and 2.3 times (95% CI = 2.0–2.5) between ages 1–18 years. Imaging rates by modality in children <1 year with Down syndrome compared with other children were: computed tomography (6.6 vs. 2.0, RR = 3.1[95%CI = 1.8–5.1]), fluoroscopy (37.1 vs. 3.1, RR 11.9[95%CI 9.5–14.8]), angiography (7.6 vs. 0.2, RR = 35.8[95%CI = 20.6–62.2]), nuclear medicine (6.0 vs. 0.6, RR = 8.2[95% CI = 5.3–12.7]), radiography (419.7 vs. 36.9, RR = 11.3[95%CI = 10.0–12.9], magnetic resonance imaging(7.3 vs. 1.5, RR = 4.2[95% CI = 3.1–5.8]), and ultrasound (231.2 vs. 16.4, RR = 12.6[95% CI = 9.9–15.9]). Mean cumulative red bone marrow dose from imaging over a mean of 4.2 years was 2-fold higher in children with Down syndrome compared with other children (4.7 vs. 1.9mGy).

Conclusions

Children with Down syndrome experienced more medical imaging and higher radiation exposure than other children, especially at young ages when they are more vulnerable to radiation. Clinicians should consider incorporating strategic management decisions when imaging this high-risk population.
Why is Korean girls’ suicidal ideation rate higher than boys’ rate? The role of gender heterogeneity in peer groups
Authors: Bae Youngjoon , Lee Jaein
Published: September 2023

Girls typically show much lower suicide rates than boys in most OECD countries. However, in South Korea, the suicide rate of girls almost reaches that of boys. Moreover, Korean girls’ suicide rate is remarkable even among other advanced countries. One potential approach to explaining Korean girls’ relatively high suicide rate is to investigate how their peer groups affect suicidal ideation, but this approach has rarely been explored in Korean adolescents. We tested how the gender heterogeneity of peer groups is associated with suicidal ideation by analyzing 2,990 adolescents from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Well-Being Index Survey. For the analysis, logistic regression models with survey weights were used. The analysis revealed that adolescents with different-gender friends were associated with a higher likelihood of suicidal ideation than those with exclusively same-gender friends when adjusting for covariates. In addition, an analysis stratified by gender found that this association was significant only among girls. Furthermore, the protective power of having a mentor against suicidal ideation was significantly lower in girls with male and female friends than in girls with only female friends. The findings suggest a less protective role of different-gender peer groups for suicidal ideation among girls. During adolescent suicidality consultations, school counselors and practitioners should pay attention to the characteristics of adolescents’ peers, particularly their gender.
Deep reinforcement learning for irrigation scheduling using high-dimensional sensor feedback
Authors: Saikai Yuji , Peake Allan , Chenu Karine
Published: September 2023

Deep reinforcement learning has considerable potential to improve irrigation scheduling in many cropping systems by applying adaptive amounts of water based on various measurements over time. The goal is to discover an intelligent decision rule that processes information available to growers and prescribes sensible irrigation amounts for the time steps considered. Due to the technical novelty, however, the research on the technique remains sparse and impractical. To accelerate the progress, the paper proposes a principled framework and actionable procedure that allow researchers to formulate their own optimisation problems and implement solution algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning. The effectiveness of the framework was demonstrated using a case study of irrigated wheat grown in a productive region of Australia where profits were maximised. Specifically, the decision rule takes nine state variable inputs: crop phenological stage, leaf area index, extractable soil water for each of the five top layers, cumulative rainfall and cumulative irrigation. It returns a probabilistic prescription over five candidate irrigation amounts (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mm) every day. The production system was simulated at Goondiwindi using the APSIM-Wheat crop model. After training in the learning environment using 1981–2010 weather data, the learned decision rule was tested individually for each year of 2011–2020. The results were compared against the benchmark profits obtained by a conventional rule common in the region. The discovered decision rule prescribed daily irrigation amounts that uniformly improved on the conventional rule for all the testing years, and the largest improvement reached 17% in 2018. The framework is general and applicable to a wide range of cropping systems with realistic optimisation problems.
Insect consumption and aesthetic disgust: Using design fiction to imagine novel food experiences
Authors: Boer Bas de , Lemke Mailin
Published: September 2023

Disgust is a strong emotion influencing human behaviour in many domains, including food choices. For example, many western consumers are hesitant about eating insects. This is understandable as insects have been connected with the emotion of disgust. We conducted two design workshops to gain a better understanding of factors that can give rise to the emotion of disgust in the context of grasshoppers and explore alternative food design solutions. Based on the insights, we created four design fiction examples to illustrate how disgust can be an integral part of grasshopper consumption. We argue that changing the attitude of Europeans towards novel food items like grasshoppers requires exploring design strategies that neither solely focus on the sustainability benefits of insect consumption nor take disgust to be something that must be circumvented.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la apnea obstructiva del sueño más allá de lo habitual: traqueotomía y ciguría bariátrica
Authors: Plaza-Mayor Guillermo , O’Connor-Reina Carlos , Baptista-Jardin Peter Michael , Marco-Garrido Alfonso , Carrasco-Llatas Marina , Martínez-Ruiz de Apodaca Paula
Published: September 2023

Introducción y objetivo: Históricamente, la traqueotomía fue el primer tratamiento con intención curativa de la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS). Sin embargo, supone unas secuelas que los pacientes difícilmente aceptan, por lo que actualmente apenas se realiza en la actualidad. Por otro lado, además de la cirugía de la vía aérea superior, cuando la obesidad es severa, con un índice de masa corporal (IMC)>35, la cirugía bariátrica se convierte en el mejor tratamiento quirúrgico de la AOS siendo creciente su indicación actual. Síntesis: Presentamos un resumen histórico del papel de la traqueotomía en la AOS y una perspectiva actual de las técnicas de cirugía bariátrica que son útiles en la AOS. Conclusiones: En la actualidad, la traqueotomía sólo tiene indicaciones muy excepcionales en pacientes con AOS. En pacientes con AOS severa (IAH>30) y obesidad con IMC >35, el tratamiento quirúrgico más adecuado de la enfermedad es la cirugía bariátrica cuando haya intolerancia a la CPAP.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la apnea obstructiva del sueño: cirugía maxilofacial
Authors: Plaza-Mayor Guillermo , Maniegas-Lozano Lourdes , O’Connor-Reina Carlos , Baptista-Jardin Peter Michael , Martínez-Ruiz de Apodaca Paula , Marco-Garrido Alfonso , Carrasco-Llatas Marina
Published: September 2023

Introducción y objetivo: En la cirugía esquelética para tratamiento de la apnea obstructiva del sueño destacan dos técnicas principalmente: el avance maxilomandibular (MMA), asociado o no al avance geniogloso, y las técnicas de expansión maxilar, como la distracción osteogénica. Síntesis: Presentamos un resumen de las técnicas y resultados de cirugía maxilofacial en la apnea obstructiva de sueño. Conclusiones: Al actuar sobre el marco óseo, el ensanchamiento de la vía aérea superior de la cirugía esquelética ha demostrado ser estable y duradero en el tiempo, retrasando o dificultando el colapso de las partes blandas asociadas. Esta efectividad contrastada en el tratamiento de la AOS, con reducciones sostenidas del índice de apnea-hipopnea a largo plazo, han logrado su incorporación al consenso terapéutico.
Spinal muscular atrophy with severe scoliosis: a case report
Authors: Anugrah Dikahayu Alifia , Sunartini Sunartini , Juffrie Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease that causes general weakness, muscle atrophy, and poor muscle movement.  This condition is due to a homozygous disruption of the survival motor neuron (SMN) 1 survival gene due to deletion, conversion, or mutation.1
Amadou Hampâté Bâ and the Power of Time in the Social Reconstruction of West Africa
Authors: Leonard Douglas W.
Published: September 2023

Engaged for much of his life with the swell and ultimate ebb of the French colonial state in West Africa, Amadou Hampâté Bâ sought to reconstitute African societies apart from the destruction of the preceding century. Trained in ethnology by the colonial state, Hampâté Bâ collected oral histories of the area to gain a greater grasp on the power of local conceptions of social and political forms. He appreciated the power of “tradition,” a controversial view that caused many critics to brand him as reactionary. In contrast, Hampâté Bâ positioned his work as an escape from colonial domination. His work fought against European depictions of static, unchanging African societies by employing what he saw as a more African understanding of time. Embracing nonlinear conceptions of the fluidity of human experience across eras, Hampâté Bâ instead proposed that West Africans look to the past to escape the present and reimagine the future. He extolled the virtues of continuity across the rupture of European modernism, pushing Africans away from European norms while widening the applicability of African sociopolitical ideas across West Africa in a fraught effort founded on the mythic histories of the Sahel. Hampâté Bâ sought universality in the particularity of these myths, a contested process that carried the potential of social innovation, growth, and change without the destruction of foreign domination.
“The Native Court Way”
Authors: Asaaju Morenikeji
Published: September 2023

This article examines surviving native court records from 1905–1957 in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria, to argue that what constituted marriage, marital rights, and sexual access to wives was changing readily in this period of socioeconomic and political change. In this period, Britain established the native court system, stressing African and British judges, to apply rigid ideas of native law and customs concerning marriage. Men and women—husbands, wives, lovers, fathers, uncles, aunties, brothers, sisters, and in-laws—approached the native courts to negotiate conflict over marriage, divorce, seduction, adultery, and child custody. Rather than administering rigid legal judgements of what constituted legitimate marriage, judgements rendered by these courts provided maneuverability, specifically for women to negotiate and contest marital status and relations.
With Flags Waving
Authors: Grimm Kevin E.
Published: September 2023

In contrast to the usual story that ICFTU efforts in Africa were moribund by the mid-1960s, its connections to the Liberian CIO were increasing then, due largely to the efforts of Black American, Caribbean, and African trade unionists who worked with or for the ICFTU. When European ICFTU officials hesitated for fear of upsetting the repressive Tubman government, ICFTU members from among the African diaspora expressed more optimism and consistently advocated for connecting directly with Liberian labor. They also made key visits to Liberia, either on their own or on delegations, and often distributed aid and provided training on the ground. Although the ICFTU did not achieve all its goals there, demonstrating the difficulty in organizing labor in the face of government opposition, small gains did occur due primarily to the bottom-up pressure from Black members among the lower ranks of the ICFTU, revealing consistent Black agency in the ICFTU's African activities in the 1960s. This study also shows how ICFTU actions, largely based on the understanding by its Black members that labor was linked closely to society and politics, threatened to undermine the key goal of domestic stability and control that Tubman sought to achieve through his foreign policy efforts in Africa during the 1960s.
Strategi Advokasi Komite Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Penyandang Disabilitas DIY di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mustafa Dany , Farid Muhammad Rifa'at Adiakarti , Sari Eka Anisa
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This study discusses the advocacy strategy of the Committee for the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Yogyakarta during the covid-19 pandemic. The background for the formation of this research is because DIY declared it self to be a Disability-Friendly Province and the DIY Disability Committee during the covid-19 pandemic did advocacy. This research use descriptive qualitative methode. The results of this study indicate that the Disability Committee's advocacy strategy uses informal or implied communication methods to influence the elite of the main decision-making officials to prioritize the principle of inclusivism. The committee is not focused on temporal and personal cases during the pandemic, what is more of a priority is the change in the system itself, so that the success of advocacy can have a broad and sustainable impact.

 Abstrak

Penelitian ini mendiskusikan mengenai strategi advokasi Komite Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Penyandang Disabilitas DIY di masa pandemi covid-19. Latar belakang terbentuknya penelitian ini karena DIY mencanangkan diri sebagai Provinsi Ramah Disabilitas dan Komite Disabilitas DIY selama pandemi covid-19 banyak melakukan advokasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi advokasi Komite Disabilitas menggunakan metode komunikasi informal atau tersirat untuk mempengaruhi elit-elit pejabat utama pengambil keputusan agar lebih mengedepankan prinsip inklusivisme. Komite tidak terpaku pada kasus-kasus temporal dan personal di masa pandemi, yang lebih menjadi prioritas adalah perubahan sistem itu sendiri, sehingga keberhasilan advokasi bisa berdampak luas dan berkelanjutan.
Parenting Self-Efficacy Ibu dalam Mengasuh Anak dengan Disabilitas
Authors: Trihastuti Maria Claudia Wahyu , Panggabean Hana , Marta Rustono Farady
Published: September 2023

Parenting self-efficacy ibu, tantangan dan peran lingkungan, disabilitas    This article focuses on the dynamic process of acceptance and motivation as well as essential factors in a mother’s parentingself-efficacy. Six participants are mothers of children (above 6 years old) with either one of the three types of ability: intellectual, sensory, or mental disability. The data are gathered through semi-structured interviews. The result of this study shows that the experienceof being reared by parents becomes a representative experience that adds to mothers’ knowledge and expertise in mothers’ reared task, in that mother’ rearing duty, shows motivation to increase the competency in fostering children with disability in many ways, among others are reading from mass media, consulting with a therapist, and communicating intensively with the teacher. Affiliate stigma experienced by mothers, evokes mothers to be more selective in choosing a social environment that supports the development of children with disability. Spirituality and social support become factors that play a role in mothers’ parenting-self efficacy.
Artikel ini membahas dinamika proses penerimaan dan motivasi sebagai faktor yang berperan dalam parenting self-efficacy ibu. Enam responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini merupakan ibu dari anak dengan disabilitas (berusia di atas enam tahun) yang memiliki salah satu jenis dari tiga jenis disabilitas yakni intelektual, sensorik, dan mental. Teknik wawancara semi terstruktur digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman diasuh oleh orang tua menjadi pengalaman perwakilan yang menambah pengetahuan dan kemampuan ibu dalam tugas pengasuhan. Ibu menunjukkan motivasi untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dalam mengasuh anak dengan disabilitas melalui berbagai cara, antara lain membaca informasi dari media massa, berkonsultasi dengan terapis, dan berkomunikasi secara intensif dengan guru. Affiliate stigma yang dialami ibu menggugah ibu untuk lebih selektif dalam menentukan lingkungan sosial yang mendukung perkembangan anak disabilitas. Spiritualitas dan dukungan sosial menjadi faktor yang berperan dalam parenting self-efficacy ibu.
Penggunaan Musik Anak Untuk Meningkatkan Atensi dan Produktivitas Anak dengan Autisme di Klinik Tumbuh Kembang Sandbox Bekasi
Authors: Granddywa Assyifa
Published: September 2023

Autism is a mental disability caused by social interaction deficits that accompanied by repetitive behaviour and stereotyped conceptions. Children with autistic disabilities require recovery to be capable to do their daily activities, have two-way communication, and live independently. Recovery of children with autism is accomplished by undergoing therapy, among other is sensory-integration therapy. This descriptive qualitative research aims to determine the processes and effects of using kid’s music to increase the attention and productivity of children with autism. The results showed that kid’s music which is used as a companion media in sensory integration therapy for children with autism affects their attention to be more focused on completing the sensory integration therapy. Focused attention makes children with autism be more productive during their therapy.
Autisme merupakan disabilitas mental yang disebabkan oleh defisit interaksi sosial yang disertai dengan perilaku repetitif dan konsepsi stereotip. Anak-anak dengan disabilitas autisme memerlukan pemulihan agar mereka dapat beraktivitas sehari-hari, berkomunikasi dua arah, dan hidup secara mandiri. Pemulihan bagi anak dengan autisme dilakukan dengan menjalani terapi, salah satunya adalah terapi sensori integrasi. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses dan pengaruh penggunaan musik anak untuk meningkatkan atensi dan produktivitas anak dengan autisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musik anak yang dijadikan media pendamping terapi sensori integrasi bagi anak dengan autisme mempengaruhi atensinya sehingga menjadi lebih terarah untuk dapat menyelesaikan rangkaian terapi sensori integrasi sampai tuntas. Atensi yang terarah menjadikan anak dengan autisme lebih produktif selama terapi berlangsung.
The potential of Myricitrin, a Flavonoid Compound in Eugenia polyantha from Indonesia, as an Antiviral Drug for SARS-Cov-2 through the Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Falah Syamsul , Ambarsari Laksmi , Andrianto Dimas , Kurniasih Rini , Tachibana Sanro
Published: September 2023

A Flavonoid glycoside compound, isolated and identified from E. polyantha as myricitrin, was analyzed as a ligand for its molecular binding activity against SARS-CoV-2 protein (receptor binding domain on Spike/RBD, main protease/nsp5, EndoRNAse, RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase/RdRp), and its receptor, ACE2, and computationally assessed via molecular docking method. This study aims to determine the potential of myricitrin in E. polyantha from Indonesia as an antiviral drug for SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation analysis. The results showed that the myricitrin had the strongest binding affinity energy towards the three important SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely endoRNAse, main protease (3CLpro), and RdRp with ∆G values of −9.60 kcal/mol, −8.40 kcal/mol, and −8.30 kcal/mol, respectively. These values are stronger than the comparator ligands of favipiravir (−5.60 kcal/mol), atazanavir (−7.20 kcal/mol), and remdesivir (−7.70 kcal/mol). This indicated that the compound has the potential as an inhibitor against 3CLpro, endoRNAse, and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. This result was supported by the prediction made according to the Molprobity and PASS Online web servers, which showed that myricitrin has high bioactivity potential as an enzyme inhibitor (with a score of 0.38) and antiviral (with a score of 0.704).