bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Ethnography and Prehistory
Authors: Koungoulos Loukas , Fillios Melanie
Published: September 2020

The Australian dingo is an enigma—vilified by some, and little understood by most. Alternatively viewed as a native and invasive species, its ecological status as a sheep killer is often the focus, instead of its long and complex relationship with Indigenous Australians. This chapter explores the dingo’s dynamic and complex relationship with Aboriginal peoples over the past four to five thousand years, with a particular emphasis on hunting. It brings together archaeological and ethnographic evidence in an effort to bring clarity to this aspect of the dingo-human relationship. We question the use of ethnography and early colonial written records to infer pre-contact human-dingo relationships, particularly the recent suggestion that dingoes, acting as hunting companions, may have changed the gendered division of labor in Aboriginal societies, arguing that this is instead an over-simplification of a dynamic and variable relationship that warrants closer scrutiny.
Book II
Authors: Jaurretche Colleen
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines the relation of ideas about magic to the conceptualization of language as prayer in the Wake. Ranging in reference from Claude Levi-Strauss, Marcel Mauss, Tzvetan Todorov, Giambattista Vico, and Eliphas Levi, the chapter shows that Joyce not only saw words and letters as magical and coterminous with prayer, but also as visual entities. It focuses on the role of exorcism, and draws correlations between the cartoon drawings in Finnegans Wake II.2 and images from the tradition of the grimoire. It also examines how the Wake touches on the work of Ernst Cassirer, Bronislaw Malinowski, and Ogden and Richards’s The Meaning of Meaning.
Book IV
Authors: Jaurretche Colleen
Published: September 2020

This chapter contextualizes the lyrical and poignant ending of the Wake as both dramatic monologue and speech act. Expanding upon the tradition of the aubade set forth in Chapter 3 by considering Jacques Derrida’s thoughts on the god Thoth and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s mysticism, it looks at the intimate, domestic, and elegiac tone of the ending of the Wake as the logical conclusion to the book’s larger framing of prayer and theory of language.
In the Beginning
Authors: Kelly John E. , Brown James A.
Published: September 2020

This presentation highlights the nucleation of St. Louis’s ancient indigenous population into a place we refer to as Cahokia mounds. Important to its creation are not only understanding the nature of internal dynamics within the region but also the external relations between both places and other peoples. This allows us to address not only the broader context of Cahokia’s creation as an urban center and its subsequent urbanism but also the rapid nature of change throughout its history.
Cahokia and the Northwest Quarter
Authors: Henning Dale R. , Schirmer Ronald C.
Published: September 2020

Thousands of people lived and prospered here, but evidence of Cahokian exchange is positively identified primarily among the Mill Creek villagers of northwestern Iowa and eastern South Dakota. The data and hypotheses offered by generations of archaeologists considering Mississippian relevance to villagers residing north and west of Cahokia are summarized and evaluated.
The Cahokia Connection at the Lake Providence Mounds, Louisiana
Authors: Weinstein Richard A. , Wells Douglas C.
Published: September 2020

Several hundred potentially exotic sherds were recovered from late Coles Creek period (ca. A.D. 1150 to 1260) contexts at the Lake Providence Mounds in northeast Louisiana. A number of these sherds appeared to represent the remains of vessels from Cahokia or sites in the American Bottom region of southern Illinois, while others likely were local copies of Cahokia vessels. A selected sample of these “exotic” sherds, along with recognized local specimens, were subjected to petrographic thin sectioning (petrographic analysis) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). These analyses suggested that some of the potentially exotic sherds were, indeed, from the American Bottom area, while others could not be sources to a specific region. Possible reasons for the exotic vessels at Lake Providence are discussed.
Defining Non-Normative Practices in a Diverse Funerary Record
Authors: Mickleburgh Hayley L. , Hoogland Menno L. P. , Laffoon Jason E. , Weston Darlene A. , Rojas Roberto Valcárcel , Duijvenbode Anne van , Mol Angus A. A.
Published: September 2020

In the past few decades, researchers have increasingly come to understand that the archaeological record of the Caribbean region shows a high degree of sociocultural variation across the archipelago and through time. Funerary treatment in the precolonial and early colonial Caribbean archipelago in particular was variable, hampering assessment of potentially non-normative funerary practices. Alongside multidisciplinary contextual assessment of funerary practice, we use social network analysis to study relations within the dataset to explore other indicators of non-normative practices. This approach demonstrates that altering the scale of analysis (i.e., local vs. regional) can drastically change our concept of what can be considered non-normative. Network analysis revealed relationships within the diverse funerary patterns, including co-occurrence of uncommon modes of burial at sites, suggesting that even rare modes of burial comprised widely recognized practices.
Variation beyond the Grave
Authors: Hosek Lauren
Published: September 2020

The study of deviant burials is enhanced through a social bioarchaeology perspective that incorporates multiple lines of evidence to better capture the nuances of these unusual mortuary practices and the life histories of individuals receiving such treatment. This chapter presents the range of unusual burials from an early medieval cemetery at the site of Libice nad Cidlinou in the Czech Republic. Additionally, three burials are examined in depth to explore how individual life histories might contribute to atypical mortuary treatment. The diversity revealed in terms of these individuals’ demographics and skeletal data, as well as the wide variation in burial contexts, highlights the interpretive challenges presented by multiple unusual burials at a single site. However, these burials also provide different opportunities to examine how identity, practice, and ideology might intersect at the graveside.
Natural Mummification as a Non-Normative Mortuary Custom of Modern Period Sicily (1600–1800)
Authors: Piombino-Mascali Dario , Nystrom Kenneth C.
Published: September 2020

The island of Sicily is home to a large number of spontaneously mummified remains, dating from the 16th to 19th centuries CE, most of which are located in the renowned Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, where the oldest mummy is buried (Brother Silvestro da Gubbio, who died in 1599). These remains represent unique evidence of deviant practices within the South of Italy, as the large majority of remains was interred in communal graves, cemeteries, or burials within religious buildings. Only a selection of the local population, mainly formed by members of the aristocracy, middle class citizens, and the clergy, underwent a complex treatment that included dehydration of the corpses, cleaning, and filling of the cavities with either animal or vegetal matter, and eventually clothing and exposure in either a wall niche or a coffin. Since 2007, the Sicily Mummy Project has aimed to scientifically investigate this important biocultural heritage and understand local mummification practices. This study sheds new light on mortuary customs and funeral variability in the region and contextualizes and interprets this treatment of the dead through comparisons with the anthropological and sociological literature.
The Insubordination of Photography
Authors: Donoso Macaya Ángeles
Published: September 2020

The Insubordination of Photography studies the documentary practices of photography devised by different collectives (relatives of the detained-disappeared, church organizations, visual artists, and photographers), organizations, and independent media, which resisted, defied, and participated in the downfall of the dictatorial regime in Chile. Given a milieu saturated by disinformation and cover-ups of all kinds and restricted by repression and censorship, how does one demand and make visible the truth about the (denied) crime of forced disappearances under Pinochet’s Chilean dictatorship? At a moment when resistance was gaining more prevalence on the streets and in the independent media, how could one ensure the safety of independent photographers and challenge censorship? How does one convey denunciation when images are prohibited? The objects studied in this book emerged as answers to these pressing questions. Different documentary practices of photography were devised to make visible the crime of forced disappearances in the public space (chapter one), to produce a credible visual record of forensic evidence in a paramount legal case (chapter two), to denounce and resist precarity and protect the work of independent photographers and reporters (chapter three), and to challenge—and ridicule—censorship and the limitations imposed on freedom of the press (chapter four). These practices not only changed the depth of field, which the dictatorship attempted to control by all necessary means, but also, and perhaps more importantly, strengthened the ideology and the public space of the opposition while expanding the photographic field.
Emergence of a Field
Authors: Donoso Macaya Ángeles
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the discursive emergence of the photographic field. I elucidate the connections between the discursive emergence of the photographic field and the state of emergency installed on the same day the new Constitution took effect. My analysis considers how this expansion took place in the middle of Chile’s most severe economic crisis (which reached a climax in 1982), and also how the prevailing precariousness determined both the discourses about the photographic field that was beginning to consolidate, as well as the materiality, themes, and formal aspects of the different initiatives designed to consolidate the photographic field. The chapter also discusses the economists referred to as the Chicago Boys. In this chapter, I consider the texts published in Asociación de Fotógrafos Independientes’s (Independent Photographers Association, AFI) magazine Punto de Vista (1981–1990) and the two Anuarios fotográficos edited by the AFI in 1981 and 1982. I also analyze two collaborative photographic projects: Ediciones económicas de la fotografía chilena (1983) (Affordable Editions of Chilean Photography), and El pan nuestro de cada día (1986), a book edited collectively by photographers Óscar Navarro, Claudio Pérez, Paulo Slachevsky, and Carlos Tobar.
The Politics of Language in Puerto Rico
Authors: Barreto Amílcar Antonio
Published: September 2020

Should Spanish be Puerto Rico’s sole official language, or should English be a co-official language? Answers to this question are inseparable from matters of cultural pride, nationalism, and political motivations. The island’s government was declared officially bilingual soon after the Spanish-American War. Attempts to overturn the 1902 official languages law failed until 1991 when Governor Rafael Hernández-Colón signed a bill declaring Spanish the sole official language. This updated book explores the complex machinations involved in promoting competing language policies in Puerto Rico since those first salvos in the language wars were launched three decades ago.
Far from an isolated controversy, the clash over official languages in this US territory is inseparable from the larger debate over the island’s status and congressional views on the nexus between the English language and American national identity. Were it to become a separate country or remain a Commonwealth, federal policymakers could afford to ignore the island’s language deliberations. Statehood is a completely different matter. Members of Congress have disparate views on whether the American federation is capable or willing to accept a new state dominated by Spanish speakers. Political operatives in San Juan and Washington continue to exploit the island’s language policy issue as a weapon promoting or sabotaging congressional support for statehood. Far from an isolated issue, the Puerto Rico language controversy has been conscripted into the larger battle over American identity. Such debates cast doubts on the country’s willingness to embrace diversity and its commitment to the sacrosanct Civic Creed.
Rational Politics
Authors: Barreto Amílcar Antonio
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the PPD’s decision-making logic when it surprised many by enacting a controversial law. They did this with clear knowledge that their party could suffer in the following elections. The decision in 1991 to support unilingualism seems to violate fundamental assumptions of rational behavior by political parties. Vote maximization, developed by Anthony Downs, is one of the foremost assumptions in the study of political parties and the PPD’s actions prior to the 1990s illustrate that it complied with these expectations. Indeed, the PPD leadership sidelined attempts to repeal the 1902 official bilingualism law precisely because their opponents would accuse them of moving towards independence – an electorally unpopular stance. The party’s decision to move ahead with proposal calls into question the applicability of rational choice models to Puerto Rico.
Restoring Official Bilingualism
Authors: Barreto Amílcar Antonio
Published: September 2020

While the PPD methodically debated the pros and cons of official unilingualism their PNP rivals, who won the 1992 elections, restored bilingualism within weeks of taking office. The PNP’s rush became apparent when Gov. Pedro Rosselló announced the promotion of a new status plebiscite. As Congress took up the status question in 1993, PNP delegates flashed the new language law as a clear sign of loyalty to the US. That move failed to sway many federal lawmakers who repeatedly brought up the connection between the Spanish language and Puerto Rican identity, along with the low rates of English-language fluency on the island. At this juncture English-language activists from the US mainland began interjecting themselves in the island’s status debates during the English-only movement, reiterating the tight bonds between American-ness and the de facto US vernacular. Although out of office, Commonwealth supporters won the 1993 status plebiscite.
Introduction
Authors: Tossounian Cecilia
Published: September 2020

The introduction situates the figure of the Argentine joven moderna within current debates on consumer culture, mass culture, and alternative modernities. It explores cultural commodities as key to analyzing social and cultural constructions of femininity and examines the central role of gender in discourses of modern nationhood.
The Flapper and the Joven Moderna
Authors: Tossounian Cecilia
Published: September 2020

Chapter 2 studies how the flapper, the archetypical modern girl, was construed by popular culture in the 1920s and 1930s. Mass media was engaged in a debate about the defining traits of the American flapper and her Argentine counterpart. While the flapper inhabited a distant land, the joven moderna combined popular fashions and mannerisms both foreign and domestic. Portrayed as an upper-class character, she went beyond the traditional female role of the devoted daughter. An oversimplified media construction, the Argentine flapper alerted the public of the dangerous effects of international consumer capitalism and Americanization on gender and national identity.
Embodying the Nation
Authors: Tossounian Cecilia
Published: September 2020

Chapter 5 turns to modern girls who were called to serve the nation through their beauty. Beauty contests, such as Miss Universe, functioned as an arena for debates about Argentina’s ideals of womanhood and its national identity. Beauty contestants embodied an ideal that valorized whiteness as it emerged from the intermingling of diverse “white European races,” and promoted a mollified version of the upper-class modern girl figure. At the same time, in forging images of argentinidad and representing a modern Argentine femininity, the winners of these contests embodied values of nationhood that symbolized the progress Argentina was achieving, as well as its potential among nations.
Food Provisioning at Betty’s Hope Plantation, 1780s–1850s
Authors: Godbout Geneviève
Published: September 2020

Throughout the colonial period, the occupants of the Betty’s Hope site relied a complex provisioning networks to obtain edible goods, tableware, and other necessities not only from the British Metropole and from local producers in Antigua but also from neighboring islands, including Guadeloupe, and from continental America. In this context, Betty’s Hope residents called upon food production and convivial hospitality were used to negotiate and stabilize their position within Antiguan society, both under slavery and after Emancipation (1834), under the particular constraints of absentee ownership and colonial trade regulations. The chapter combined the analysis of material cultural recovered at Betty’s Hope plantation with a close reading of correspondence relating to provisioning on the estate, to illustrate the enduring presence of informal trade, customary reciprocity, smuggling and illicit transactions on the estate throughout the nineteenth century.
Enslaved Life at Betty’s Hope
Authors: Fox Georgia L.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 10 investigates the life of enslaved Africans at Betty’s Hope who numbered in the hundreds for this large plantation. Excavations of the slaved quarters in 2014 and 2015 revealed information about slave housing, subsistence, and lifeways. The archaeology and archival records support a life under difficult conditions, with few options to exercise any agency. Yet evidence of agency is manifest in the recovery of hundreds of pieces of Afro-Antiguan wares, as well as ceramic game tokens, repurposed bottle glass, a musket ball converted into a fishing weight, and four cowrie shells probably used as a form of currency or talismans. The practice of Obeah is briefly discussed as an act of cultural resistance among those enslaved at Betty’s Hope.
A Scenic Route to Interpretation
Authors: Kramp Amanda
Published: September 2020

Betty’s Hope is important and multifaceted in its historical and social significance related to the production and economy of sugar, the labor and life of enslaved Africans and their descendants, and the Codringtons, an influential family in the British Caribbean. However, tourism has long surpassed sugar as Antigua’s primary economic driver, such that today Betty’s Hope is a cultural heritage tourism site. An interpretive exhibition in the Visitors Center at Betty’s Hope and a smaller exhibit within the Museum of Antigua and Barbuda in St. Johns aid in the fulfilment of ethical responsibilities of those who steward the cultural heritage resources of both Betty’s Hope and Antigua. The recent renewal and installation of these exhibits constitute an important component of cultural heritage management. At the crossroads of best practices in museology and cultural heritage management, by way of accountability and accessibility, the final destination is interpretation, serving both local Antiguans and international travelers while fulfilling stewardship responsibilities, particularly in view of contested historical narratives of a colonial past.
In Feast and Famine
Authors: Lapham Heather A.
Published: September 2020

This chapter reviews the archaeological record of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachian Mountains and adjacent Piedmont region of Virginia and North Carolina between the eleventh and eighteenth centuries to better understand Native American bear procurement and use prior to and following European colonization. A contextual study of bear remains from two sites more clearly defines the role of bear in subsistence, ritual behavior, and mortuary practices, deepening our understanding of bear-human relationships. Differences among sites in geographic location, occupation period, disposal methods, and other variables suggest changing patterns of bear use through time and space. Careful consideration of bear-human relationships reveals the many roles and multiple functions that bears and their body parts had in Native North American societies, from subsistence resource, to gifted object, marketable good, ritual offering, and political symbol, among others.
The Media Machine
Authors: Ames Morgan
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines one of the largest interventions in computer-based learning currently underway, the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project. Started in 2005 by people from the MIT Media Lab, this project distributed more than 2.5 million laptops worldwide, over 80 percent of them in Latin America. Drawing on 2010 and 2013 fieldwork investigating a project in Paraguay with 10,000 of OLPC’s “XO” laptops, the chapter explores the ways in which the children who were meant to be the primary beneficiaries interpreted leisure laptop use as “learning.” It also shows that the most captivating uses of the laptops were not “productive” or programming-centric, as OLPC’s developers hoped, but “consumptive” and media-centric, focused on music, videos, and video games. It discusses the learning benefits and drawbacks of this use, as understood by participants and in light of education research, and in light of the broader context of transnational corporations interested in marketing to these children. In the process, it weighs OLPC’s utopian dreams against the interests of the child beneficiaries, concerns of media imperialism, and a potential shift in the meaning of computers.
Digital Utopias, Latina/o Mediated Realities
Authors: Valdivia Angharad N.
Published: September 2020

There is relatively little research on Latinas/os and digital utopias. Taking up issues of the presence and inclusion of Latinas/os in discussions and policies about new digital communications technologies, this chapter begins with the canonical scholarship by Harold Innis, James Carey, and Vincent Mosco on the technological sublime. Given the changing demographics of the US population, with the 2000 US Census documenting the majority/minority status of Latinas/os, it behooves us to disaggregate the discursive terrain for ethnicity and socioeconomic status in relation to the promise of digital communications technology. The myth of the technological sublime—that each new technology will solve our social ills, including the racial ones—continues to be reiterated in the contemporary digital environment. While all new communications technologies have the potential to improve and increase democracy, their deployment seldom results in the inclusion and adoption by racialized populations. Whereas racial and ethnic dimensions were present in iterations of the myth, often through absence and othering, outcomes have not greatly benefitted Latinas/os, especially youth. While “new media” digital technology is useful for Latinas/os to communicate across space, especially when separated by economic and war-fueled migration, we have to ask if utopian promises benefit the population in a democratic manner—and at this time the answer continues to be “no.”
Afrolatin@ Digital Humanities or Rethinking Inclusion in the Digital Humanities
Authors: Arriaga Eduard
Published: September 2020

Through the study of digital projects developed by Afrolatin@ and Afro-Latin American communities and agents in the Americas, this chapter argues for a rethinking of inclusion as a notion widely discussed in fields such as the digital humanities. Departing from myths of digital universalism and digital neutrality, the text discusses how technologies—in particular, digital technologies—are repurposed by these communities to pursue diverse political, cultural, and symbolic objectives in assorted geographic and cultural contexts. In that sense, the chapter proposes the reconsideration of the digital humanities and digital studies as expansive fields of practice, in which there is space for what the author calls Afrolatin@ digital humanities. Studied projects reveal that such expansion of the digital humanities is less concerned with textual analysis and digitization of canonical material, and more centered around the combination of computer applications and analog practices to challenge colonial and neo-colonial orders embedded in global neoliberal designs. Likewise, those projects propose diverse conceptions of humanity that challenge the universal conception of human centered around western male conceptions.
Indigenous Medicine and Nation-Building
Authors: Chauca Edward
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the role of Andean culture in Peruvian physician Hermilio Valdizán’s project of creating and disseminating a national medical history in the early twentieth century. Valdizán’s interest in indigenous medicine and its healing treatments emerged as a critique of certain European intellectuals and physicians who suggested that people in the Americas were intrinsically inferior and unhealthy. Through the use of medical literature, crónicas de indias, literary fiction, newspapers, dictionaries, and pre-colonial pottery, Valdizán defended indigenous peoples’ intellectual capability, emphasizing how they categorized mental illnesses and their treatments. His ground-breaking research was the first attempt to insert traditional Andean medicine into the national history of medicine and mental health.
The Science of Reading Fiction
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the relationship between fiction and science outlined in the theories of reading developed by Jorge Volpi and Marcelo Cohen, in which cognitive philosophies and neuroscience are used to support claims of the unique role played by literature in the operations of intersubjectivity that underpin the development of human society and culture. In their narrative projects (fiction and essays), Volpi and Cohen develop theories of reading that intersect with recent advances in cognitive science and revisions to Darwin models of evolution. Reflecting on Catherine Malabou’s work on the relationship between neuroplasticity and late capitalism, this chapter also questions the extent to which these new theories of reading align themselves with, or challenge, those neoliberal ideals of flexibility and self-development are often subjected to critique in recent Latin American fiction.
Introduction to Section III
Authors: Blanco María del Pilar , Page Joanna
Published: September 2020

As outlined in the introduction to this volume, one of the characteristic qualities of Latin American science is its close and complex imbrication with politics in the region. Among other spaces, eighteenth-century criollo critiques of metropolitan political power in the Americas were also played out in the theater of science. This is evident, as Antonio Lafuente has demonstrated, in such examples as the botanical study carried out in Mexico between 1801 and 1804 by Mariano Mociño and Luis Montaña to test the validity of each plant’s medicinal qualities; this set of experiments became a platform on which local scientists contested the imposition of European methods and theories by the metropolis....
Feminine Objects, Embodied Subjects
Authors: Kosick Rebecca
Published: September 2020

In 1960s Rio de Janeiro, a multidisciplinary group of artists dedicated themselves to making art that invited active, sensory engagement from audience participants. This neoconcrete group theorized the art object as participatory and relational. The theoretical consequences of this approach to art-making included an expansion of the object’s agency. No longer a static wall-hung work of art, the object was now capable of shaping the engagement of its human participants. Conversely, these participants would share in the object-like qualities of the artwork, merging with it in a relational exchange in which both the human and the nonhuman contributed to the constitution of the work. However, changes to this paradigm arise when the subject (or object) in question is not an abstract participant untethered to notions of gender identity. In Lygia Pape’s work, objects are embodied and bodies are objectified, but, as she shows, this exchange cannot be separated from gender. This essay examines key works by Lygia Pape, including the Neoconcrete Ballet, Divisor, and Eat Me, and argues that her embodied aesthetics, rooted in twentieth century Brazilian art, chart new horizons for feminist posthumanism today.
Aplicação de imagens sintéticas para otimização de modelos computacionais de detecção do estrabismo
Authors: Santos Jonathan , Frango Ismar
Published: September 2020

Strabismus is among the eye diseases that most lead to blindness or low vision, affecting about 4 % of the world population. Fortunately, the disease can be treated. Diagnosis even in the first moments of its manifestation dramatically increases the possibility of successful treatment. There are several proposals in the scientific literature for detecting and supporting the diagnosis of pathology, however, we have not found studies that seek to propose means of optimization for these techniques. This article presents a methodology for optimizing supervised strabismus detection models by increasing data using realistic synthetic samples. In evaluation, the proposed technique resulted in a gain of 7 % accuracy.
On Text Preprocessing for Early Detection of Depression on Social Media
Authors: Figueredo José , Calumby Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

Depression is a serious challenge to public health. Many of those who suffer from this disease use social media for information or relief. The text data produced by these users can be used to support research in this field. However, this raw information is not always suitable for use directly in machine learning. Hence, a comparative analysis was performed between different preprocessing techniques to verify the impact on the effectiveness of early depression detection on social media. The results show that the preprocessing contributes to an increase in the prediction effectiveness. Moreover, the mapping of emoticons to real emotion words was decisive to improve not only model’s effectiveness, but also to keep the balance between different evaluation measures.
Usando IoT e Conceitos de Elasticidade em Cloud para Análise de Recursos Humanos em Hospitais Inteligentes
Authors: Fischer Gabriel , Costa Cristiano , Righi Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

A alocação de profissionais de saúde em ambientes hospitalares muitas vezes não é capaz de se adaptar à demanda de pacientes. Há situações onde existem salas com pouco uso e profissionais ociosos, e salas com muito uso e menos profissionais do que o necessário. Neste contexto, nós propomos uma solução baseada no conceito de elasticidade em Cloud Computing, onde é possível adicionar, migrar ou remover recursos de acordo com as necessidades do serviço. Dessa forma, nos introduzimos o modelo Helastic, baseado em Internet das Coisas, capaz de monitorar o uso das salas pelos pacientes de um hospital e adaptar a capacidade de atendimento dessas salas. Usando uma abordagem preditiva, o Helastic e capaz de antecipar quando uma sala vai ter demanda acima da capacidade e propõe ações para movimentação dos recursos humanos para melhor atender a demanda. Utilizando dados de uma policlínica brasileira, constatou-se a diminuição do tempo de espera em até 96.73%.
Análise dos Atendimentos de Gestantes na Rede de Atenção Básica de Saúde no Município de São Paulo
Authors: Silva Mayara , Santos Nathalia , Rosa Caroline , Santos Marcelo , Ito Marcia , Vieira Alex , Ziviani Artur , Oliveira Roberto
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo, são analisadas as trajetórias de atendimento de pacientes na rede de atenção básica de saúde no município de São Paulo. Avaliar como é a trajetória dos pacientes do SUS, seja entre os atendimentos, seja entre as unidades de atendimento, e uma atividade importante para o entendimento é aprimoramento do sistema. Assim, neste artigo, foca-se num contexto de alta relevância social representado pela avaliação da trajetória de gestantes atendidas pelo SUS no município de São Paulo durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. São analisadas as trajetórias dessas gestantes em seus atendimentos e entre as unidades do sistema de saúde. Acredita-se que as análises apresentadas possam auxiliar em um melhor entendimento do sistema e subsidiar decisões para o aprimoramento do sistema de saúde atual.
Exergame com Cicloergômetro para a Reabilitação de Pacientes em Tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Souza Carlos , Battisti Douglas , Berretta Luciana , Carvalho Sergio
Published: September 2020

Com uma transmissão em curva exponencial, a COVID-19, causada pelo novo coronavírus, impõe a população medidas baseadas no distanciamento social. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um exergame que, utilizando o cicloergômetro para a reabilitação de pacientes, possibilita a realização da sessão sem a presença física do fisioterapeuta, que acompanha de forma remota. Baseado em uma arquitetura distribuída e em técnicas de realidade virtual não imersiva, o jogo permite a coleta de dados fisiológicos do paciente e a prática dos exercícios, bem como o monitoramento destes pelo profissional de saúde.
Predição de sepse em unidade de terapia intensiva: uma abordagem de aprendizado de máquina
Authors: Shiraishi Diogo , Marujo Ernesto
Published: September 2020

A sepse e uma disfunção orgânica com risco de vida e uma das principais causas de mortalidade em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). O diagnóstico precoce da sepse é fundamental, considerando que a pronta intervenção médica melhora o desfecho do paciente. O início do protocolo de tratamento de sepse no tempo certo reduz a mortalidade. Nosso objetivo é prever a sepse seis horas antes do desenvolvimento dos sintomas que levariam a um diagnóstico clínico de acordo com as diretrizes da Sepsis-3.
Uma Estratégia de Monitoramento do Comportamento Infantil no Enfrentamento do Câncer por meio de Jogos Digitais
Authors: Rosa Renan , Damasceno Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de plataforma digital como de estratégia para o monitoramento do comportamento de crianças no enfrentando o câncer infantil. A ferramenta propõe a análise das ações do usuário frente as teorias comportamentais da psicologia. A plataforma é composta de três ferramentas integradas: um jogo digital, uma ferramenta de captura e extração de dados e uma ferramenta de visualização e análise destes dados.
Projeto AvaTEA: Desenvolvendo um Jogo para a Conscientização do Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Gomes Victoria , Sarinho Victor
Published: September 2020

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) constitui uma desordem neurológica que afeta o desenvolvimento do indivíduo em múltiplos aspectos. Para alcançar uma devida inclusão de tais indivíduos na sociedade, é importante conscientizar os neurotípicos acerca das peculiaridades deste transtorno. Almejando contribuir com esse processo, este artigo apresenta o AvaTEA, um jogo digital onde é possível cuidar e interagir com uma menina autista, visando obter uma maior compreensão acerca destes indivíduos, onde, a partir do acompanhamento da rotina de Ava e de alguns games disponíveis, algumas características comuns ao TEA serão retratadas ao jogador.
Unpacking “New Manchuria” Narratives
Authors: Xiaoli Liu
Published: September 2020

This chapter re-thinks "New Manchuria" narratives of the Manchukuo period, using a literary perspective informed by Chinese authors. It examines the origins of "New Manchuria" narratives and the propaganda developing around them, to reveal the conceits that motivated Manchukuo's puppet government, and offers a new methodology for more generally interpreting the complexity of Manchukuo’s modernity and colonial modernity.
Sickness, Death, and Survival in the Works of Gu Ding and Xiao Hong
Authors: Agnew Junko
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines how Chinese intellectuals of contrasting political agendas reacted to Manchukuo’s biopolitical regime within literary works. Gu Ding, who worked closely with the Japanese, regarded imperialism as a means of salvation for a sick China, while Xiao Hong, who opposed imperialism, treated the Japanese as just another disease inflicting the body politic. Although clear differences emerge in Gu and Xiao Hong’s perceptions of imperialism, comparisons of their works reveal similarities in depicting the socially constructed nature of sickness. In Gu’s story, the Japanese manufacture the terror caused by epidemic disease, while in Xiao Hong’s text, a village community's power holders define illness. Sickness may emerge naturally, but as revealed in literary narratives, its identification becomes an arena for political, economical, and social conflicts.
Manchukuo Melancholy
Authors: Smith Norman
Published: September 2020

Li Zhengzhong (pen name Ke Ju) (b. 1921) and Zhang Xingjuan (penname Zhu Ti)(1923-2012) are Chinese writers who established prominent careers in Manchukuo; together, they comprise one couple of the “Northeast’s four famous husband-wife writers.” This chapter outlines their personal lives and important elements of their professional careers before focusing on several of their fictional works: Li’s novel Native Place Yearning, and two of Zhang’s novellas, “Melancholy on the Mighty Black Dragon River” and “Cherry.” These major works feature melancholic themes reflecting their engaged, yet alienated, relationship with contemporary society under imperial Japan's occupation.
Literature Selection in a Historical Dilemma
Authors: Yue Wang
Published: September 2020

As a main proponent and significant practitioner of propagating “Native Place Literature” in Manchukuo, Shan Ding’s literary proposal and practices profoundly influenced Chinese literature's appearance and course of development during the period. This chapter elaborates upon the formative process of “native place literature” and demonstrates the awakening of cultural identity amongst writers such as Shan Ding, uniquely marked by their historical time period and place. It additionally reveals writers’ psychological motivations when implementing historical motives via literature. The Green Valley is a representative novel by Shan Ding that reflects interventions by Japanese colonial culture's domination over the creative environment, writers’ mentalities, and the publishing business under foreign occupation.
The Imagination of Heterogeneous Space and Implicit Transformations of Identity
Authors: Li Zhan
Published: September 2020

Shackled by contemporary consumer culture and official dictates, a number of writers in Manchukuo created detective novels based on Chinese and Japanese examples. This chapter analyses how detective novelists depicted their imagined Manchurias. Their fiction not only reveals the mindsets of Manchukuo’s writers or those depicting it later, but also evinces their devotion to literature, experiences, and impressions. Japanese writers were arguably both colonizers and colonized, with some expressing this mentality deep into the post-war era, while Chinese writers maintained dual identities of colonized peoples also conciliatory to the colonizing state.
Introduction
Authors: Perelman Elisheva A.
Published: September 2020

The introductory chapter discusses the nature of the tuberculosis epidemic in Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During this period, there was a tensive relationship between foreign evangelical groups and the Japanese government, two institutions that claimed for themselves moral superiority in a series of moral enterprises. Common to both was the tendency to either downplay or hide the epidemic from public attention. While the government abstracted the epidemic from the national narrative because it was seen as a point of vulnerability, many of the evangelical groups ignored the epidemic because it presented no particular advantage to their work as missionaries. Because the epidemic failed to be actively addressed by those with resources and political power, it continued to worsen, deeply affecting the economic and social structure of Japan.
“Now is the Day for Japan”
Authors: Perelman Elisheva A.
Published: September 2020

Chapter VI analyzes the arrival of the Young Men’s Christian Association in Japan and with it, the rise of the moral enterprise in evangelical work. For the Y.M.C.A., this meant balancing the need for converts in the nation with maintaining an amiable relationship with the Japanese government, both for the survival of the organization and for the presentation of powerful sponsorship to the home office of the Y.M.C.A. and its donors abroad. The organization found a successful niche with the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, serving as army workers on the front lines and on the home front. By ministering to soldiers, the Y.M.C.A. managed to ingratiate itself with both the military and the government, although these friendly ties did not eventuate in mass conversions to Christianity. Similarly, the work of the organization in the aftermath of the Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923 helped appease government naysayers. Nevertheless, these efforts were often at the cost of attention to problems like tuberculosis plaguing the Japanese state.
“The Great Gulf Fixed”
Authors: Perelman Elisheva A.
Published: September 2020

Chapter VIII looks at two examples of individual missionaries who, although originally part of larger foreign, Protestant organizations, sought to pursue their own agenda in Japan. The first, Rudolf Bolling Teusler, successfully ran St. Luke’s Hospital, ministering to the foreign and domestic population of Tokyo alike. In doing so, he was able to provide a service to the urban poor offset by the funds of the wealthier ex-patriot community in the Kantō region. William Merrill Vories, an evangelical teacher originally, branched out in the Kansai region, opening a fruitful architectural firm as well as a pharmaceutical industry. With the money from these endeavors, he opened his Omi Mission and Brotherhood’s sanatorium for the diseased. Both men utilized native assistance, but both successfully prevailed in the moral enterprise by finding a niche that suited the environments, thus not depending solely on the government for continued assistance. Similarly, they were able to transform the question of cui bono to who should benefit?
Stretched Kinship
Authors: Wei John
Published: September 2020

Queer kinships are often physically and emotionally stretched when people leave their original families to pursue education and employment through internal or international migration. This chapter argues that the so-called “coming out as coming home” strategy no longer works, and “home” has often become an impossible location for people to return to. It proposes a new paradigm of “stretched kinship” to consider a wide range of practices in queer homecoming and homemaking to better understand and make sense of the changing queer kinship structures shaping and shaped by today’s queer Chinese cultures and mobilities. It further explores “alternative families” as an emerging form of queer family-building, through which “home” once again becomes a possible ontological and symbolic location and destination.
Sinophone Mobilities
Authors: Wei John
Published: September 2020

This chapter considers the intermingled cultural mobility and geographical mobility in the imagination and enactment of movements. It engages (and critiques) mobility scholarship and Sinophone scholarship to analyze border-crossing queer migrations and cultural flows between mainland China and Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Chinese community in Malaysia. By developing and problematizing the idea of Sinophone mobilities, this chapter endeavors to shift our focus from post-migration settlement to a broader range of mobilized migrating experiences. The analysis extends to the flows and counterflows of queer cultures and migrants between China and the Sinophone sphere, in which China itself has become a site for Sinophone cultural productions.
Emotions in Times of War: Private and Public, Individual and Collective
Authors: Frevert Ute
Published: September 2020

In private and public affairs the concepts of honour and shame were crucial from the outbreak and throughout the entire duration of the First World War. The roots of these concepts can be traced back to a highly gendered 19th-century aristocratic-bourgeois code of honour and duty, which in 1914 was translated into the willingness to sacrifice one’s own life and the life of beloved ones. While in the early days of the war propaganda focused on female (sexual) honour and the role of protective chivalrous males, humiliation and public shaming—of enemies, ‘cowards’, and POWs, for example—eventually became common practice in warfare and on the Home Front. Yet as the war and its hardships raged on, more and more people became sceptical of these attitudes. Finally, when the war ended, ‘honour’ maintained its importance, especially in negotiating and bearing the terms of armistice and peace.
Barthes’s Myths of America
Authors: Culler Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Roland Barthes’s writings were very positively received in the United States – in 1979 Wayne Booth called him the strongest influence on American criticism today – but America played a strange, often contradictory role in his work. In his middle years he visited the US four times – in 1958, 1961, 1966, and 1967 – but his initial enthusiasm for New York City was soon qualified by a range of negative comments about the country and its culture, and after 1967 he only returned once, very briefly, though he was much in demand. While opposing the knee-jerk anti-Americanism common among French intellectuals in his day, and especially resistance to America’s modernity, he soon made America a foil for Japan, which represented true exoticism, the opposite of bourgeois Western culture. There are relatively few references to America or American literature in his writings, though American cinema was a significant cultural reference for him, but these do help to reveal the complexity of Barthes’s affective and intellectual engagements, especially since there is often a comparative dimension to them. This chapter explores the varying attitudes and comments about America in Barthes’s letters and his published writings.
The Intelligible versus the Real: Barthes’s Historiographical Option
Authors: Bann Stephen
Published: September 2020

Roland Barthes’s ‘Le discours de l’histoire’ was first published in France in 1967, in a journal sponsored by the École pratique des hautes études where he was teaching at the time. It appeared in English translations in 1970 and 1981, and soon came to rank as a source comparable to Hayden White’s Metahistory (1973) in so far as it proposed a radically new mode of analysing historical writings. This chapter explains the broad international context in which the article was initially produced, and subsequently gained its reputation. Although critical approaches to the language of historiography were hardly practised at all in France in the 1960s, a fellow member of the Hautes Études such as Le Roy Ladurie was already coming forward as a spokesman for the new methods of ‘quantitative history’. Barthes’s own critical procedure was, however, notably indebted to the discourse analysis of the French linguistician, Émile Benveniste. It is argued that Barthes’s stated preference for the ‘intelligible’ as opposed to the ‘real’ as a criterion for historical analysis is a logical outcome of his cultural and political stance at the time. His seemingly perverse categorisation of the approach of the nineteenth-century historian Augustin Thierry is an unfortunate consequence.