bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Azithromycin adverse events in COVID-19 Patients reported to Iraqi Pharmacovigilance center in 2020
Authors: Yasir A. Noori  , Inam S. Arif  , Manal M. Younus  , Mohammed M. Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Azithromycin is an antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide family used in a wide variety of bacterial diseases. However, it has been proposed as a potential therapy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (off-label use) given for its antiviral and

 

immunomodulatory activity. Never-theless, its role in the treatment of COVID-19 remains unclear. Azithromycin has a well-characterized safety profile. However, its use outside the approved indication needs further follow up to ensure that the benefit-risk balance remains positive. One method to look for new/ changed safety information is through using the information component (IC025) value. IC025 is the lower limit of a 95% credibility interval for the IC. The credibility interval provides information about the stability of a particular IC value: the narrower the interval, the higher the stability.

Objective:

Study the submitted adverse events reports of Azithromycin to the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance center and compare the occurrence of these reported adverse events in Iraq to the internationally reported cases during 2020COVID-19 pandemic using IC025.

 

Methodology:

The reported adverse events of Azithromycin to the national Pharmacovigilance database were studied qualitatively (age, gender and seriousness) and quantitatively (using IC025) as a measure of presence of a new/changed safety information related to Azithromycin.

 

Results:

The total number of reports for Azithromycin were 419, female represent (43%) and male represent (55.8%), and the predominant age groups was from 45-64 years representing (41.1%). The most widely reported adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (68%), cardiac disorders (14.1%), general disorders and administration site effect (6.9%), and investigations (Interfere with Lab tests) (5.7%). There were 96 drug-adverse reaction combinations. The IC025 value for the most widely reported adverse events showed a comparable value for ECG-QT prolonged (3.6/3.7), Arrhythmia (0.6/0.7). There was a decreased value for palpitation (0.5/0.9) and dyspnea (0.3/0.6). Tachycardia and increased liver enzymes showed an increased value of (2.0/0.1) and (0.5/0.1) respectively.

 

Conclusion:

Using the IC025 was helpful in finding the increased reporting rate of adverse events compared to the background rate.
Teacher Candidates’ Self-Determined Motivation to Develop and Implement Self-Regulated Learning Practices
Authors: Brenner Charlotte
Published: October 2022

Teaching towards self-regulated learning (SRL) is complex and involves the development of skills and sustained motivation. This study examined teacher candidates’ (TCs’) identification of supports and constraints for their self-determined motivation to develop SRL practices. Findings from one case within a qualitative, longitudinal study of four teacher candidates enrolled in a teacher education program (TEP) focused on SRL in Canada are presented. Supports and constraints for this TC’s self-determined motivation in relation to her development and implementation of self-regulated promoting practices are identified and discussed from the perspective of SRL and self-determination theory. The data analyzed included: a questionnaire, interviews, documents, and in-class observations. The finding reveals detailed descriptive codes and categories for SRL and management practices, as well as codes related to TCs’ motivational constraints and affordances for their development of SRL practices.
Is Potato Market Efficient in Ethiopia? Evidence from Farta District of Amhara Region
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.  Email: gedefawkindu2013@gmail.com, Wubet Gedefaw Kindu , Fikadu Asmiro Abeje ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.  Email: asmiro2013@gmail.com, Amare Mengistu Negussie ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.  Email: mengistunegussie1315@gmail.com
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to explore the structure and conduct of the potato market in the Farta District of Amhara Region in Ethiopia. Data was collected from 123 potato producers, 30 traders and 13 consumers selected through a two-step random sampling procedure. Four major value chain actors that held about 49.2 percent of the total quantity of potato purchased were identified. It was found that the Farta potato market was weakly oligopolistic. The study showed that competition, commercial licenses and limited capital are the main obstacles to enter the potato market. About 47.11 percent of the overall gross margin of marketing was added to potato prices in the value chain. Approximately 19.5% of total gross margins were absorbed by collectors, while retailers and wholesalers accounted for 15.6% and 11.9%, respectively. The actors in the value chain of potatoes generated positive profits, but the barriers to entry, the structure of oligopoly markets and the inability to determine price sets the potato market inefficient.
Changes in Chernozem Erosion Resistance Due to the Evolution of Clay Plasma in Western Ukrainian Region
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Soil Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine.  Email: igorpapish@gmail.com, Papish Ihor , Ivanyuk Halyna ,   Department of Soil Science and Soil Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine.  Email: ivanyukhs@gmail.com, Ivaniuk Viktor ,   Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, Lviv National University of Natural Resource Management, Dubliany, Lviv region, Ukraine. Email: ivanukv@gmail.com
Published: October 2022

The major problem of efficient agriculture in Ukraine is increasing rates of the water erosion in Chernozems. The aim of this research study is to describe the negative trends in the clay profile for evolution of various Chernozem sub-types, which lead to the reduction of erosion resistance. Cohesion strength between soil aggregates is determined dominating smectite minerals in clay plasma. Disturbing the stable balance between the organic and mineral matter are the main causes of soil disaggregation. Evolutionary changes of Chernozems clay plasma are studied using the methods of chemical and x-ray diffractometry analysis. The processes of de-humification have been destabilized the mineral colloidal complex and smectite-illit dynamic equilibrium in soils. From Haplic Chernozems to Greyzemic Chernozems, the substantial loss of highly dispersive smectite material is observed. The dominance of inactive illite clay in the arable layer of all Chernozems reduce the role of clay plasma in formatting of water-stable micro- and macrostructure. According to the anti-erosion properties of clay plasma, the Chernozems under study is found in the following order: Haplic Chernozem > Greyzemic Chernozem. These properties reduce themselves following the increase in soil hydromorphism stimulating argillification in the middle and lower horizons due to the processes of lessivage and inter-soil weathering. Anthropogenic evolution of Chernozems, when caused by the changes in the silicate fraction of soils, is basically of irreversible degrading nature.
Hirarki Pengaruh Pada Talkshow Kick Andy Double Check Metro TV Program Guiteeres Pahlawan
Authors: Rasyidi Arif , Syahputra Hendra Eka , Suparni Sri
Published: October 2022

Tujuan riset ini teruntuk mengetahui mekanisme kebijakan yang diterapkan dari pimpinan redaksi sampai dengan berita tersebut ditayangkan sangat memenuhi unsur-unsur yang disampaikan dimulai  dari lingkaran paling kecil  pada level individu pelaku media, praktik rutinitas, organisasi media, extramedia, sampai dengan level ideologi pada Talkshow “Kick ANDY DOUBLE CHECK” METRO TV. Metode riset ini mempergunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dengan wawancara tak terstruktur yang mana berupa wawancara yang bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh kepemilikan sebuah media terhadap konten media sangat berpengaruh sama halnya dengan studi kasus program Kick Andy di Metro TV. Sudah jelas bagaimana level-level faktor menggambarkan bagaimana hirarki pengaruh hirarki dalam membuat kebijakan redaksi pada stasiun televisi Metro TV. Dari orientasi personal para pekerja media, profesionalisme, kebijakan perusahaan, pola kepemilikan perusahaan, lingkungan ekonomi, pengiklan sampai dengan pengaruh-pengaruh ideologi. Jadi dari kelima faktor-faktor yang sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya sangat berpengaruh terhadap isi media yang disampaikan
Kekuatan Dinasti Politik Aang Hamid Suganda Di Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Fadiyah Dina , Dewi Rahmi Kania , Karyana Ayi
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Kekuatan Dinasti Politik Aang Hamid Suganda di Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian ini didasari oleh dinasti politik yang masih eksis di era demokrasi, padahal demokrasi sendiri menyebutkan bahwa dinasti politik itu sistem yang buruk dan bertolakbelakang dengan demokrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk dapat memahami bagaimana terbentuknya politik dinasti yang dilakukan oleh keluarga Bapak Aang Hamid Suganda hingga anaknya. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perjalanan politiknya yang begitu berpengaruh terhadap penerus kepemimpinan yang diambil alih oleh istri dan anaknya menjadikan kesuksesan dari masa jabatannya menjadi Bupati Kuningan dihitung dari tahun 2003 hingga 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan studi literasi serta hasil wawancara. Landasan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori demokrasi dan dinasti politik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Aang Hamid Suganda telah membangun pengaruh politik pada masa kepemimpinannya, dan mendapat julukan “Aang Hotmix”. Bapak pembangunan di Kuningan ini telah sukses menciptakan citra baik di Kabupaten Kuningan, sehingga pada saat ia habis masa jabatannya dan digantikan oleh istri kemudian anaknya. Kesimpulannya adalah dinasti politik yang terjadi dikuningan adalah hasil dari kepemimpinan sebelumnya yang berhasil membangun citra baik sehingga berdampak kepada penerusnya.
Rekonsiliasi Politik Pasca Pilpres 2019: Menumbuhkan Semangat Kebangsaan dalam Konstruksi Sosial Budaya
Authors: Indrawan Jerry , Ilmar Anwar , Kusuma Ardli Johan
Published: October 2022

Kontestasi politik pada Pemilu 2019 lalu memiliki dampak yang cukup mengejutkan. Terlepas dari siapa yang menang, bangsa ini terkesan terbagi menjadi dua kubu, yaitu kubu Jokowi (01) dan kubu Prabowo (02). Polarisasi politik, sosial, dan budaya terjadi pada level elit hingga masyarakat. Potensi perpecahan atau disintegrasi bangsa bisa saja muncul dan menjadi ancaman bagi tegaknya Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) yang kita cintai ini jika tidak ada upaya nyata untuk memperbaikinya. Untuk itu, diperlukan sebuah upaya nyata untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini. rekonsiliasi nasional untuk menyatukan kembali insan-insan bangsa yang terlepas tali kebangsaannya. Rekonsiliasi yang terjadi harus bersifat menyeluruh sehingga berdampak positif ke semua lapisan, baik elit, maupun masyarakat, dan dilakukan bersamaan secara top-down, maupun bottom-up. Kemudian, rekonsiliasi pasca Pilpres ini juga harus menumbuhkan semangat kebangsaan dalam konstruksi sosial budaya agar pasca rekonsiliasi setiap elemen bangsa secara otomatis akan bersatu padu untuk mencapai tujuan dan cita-cita nasional. Menyikapi kondisi bangsa yang demikian, tulisan ini ingin membahas tentang bagaimana rekonsiliasi politik sebaiknya dilakukan untuk mempersatukan kembali pihak-pihak yang bertikai pasca Pilpres 2019. Rekonsiliasi yang dilakukan ini pada akhirnya harus dapat menumbuhkan semangat kebangsaan dalam konstruksi sosial budaya.
EFEKTIVITAS KONSELING GESTALT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF ESTEEM PADA REMAJA KORBAN BULLYING : LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ulhaq Sovina Dhiya'
Published: October 2022

Pada saat ini, terdapat banyaknya permasalahan yang dialami oleh remaja, salah satunya rendahnya self esteem atau harga diri. Hal tersebut dikarenakan para remaja cenderung sulit untuk menerima kekurangan pada diri sendiri sehingga menimbulkan perasaan inferior, kurangnya rasa percaya diri, tidak ada kemauan untuk mengembangkan diri, dan lain sebagainya. Sehingga permasalahan yang cukup penting ini perlu membutuhkan sebuah solusi untuk menyelesaikannya, salah satunya dengan menggunakan konseling gestalt. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas konseling gestalt untuk meningkatkan self esteem pada remaja korban bullying. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan literature review. Berbagai sumber yang relevan terhadap topik penelitian dikumpulkan kemudian dilakukan analisis. Sehingga pada hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konseling gestalt mampu diterapkan dan efektif untuk meningkatkan harga diri pada remaja korban bullying.Kata Kunci : Konseling gestalt, self esteem, bullying
PENGARUH KONSELING KELOMPOK DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA SMP NEGERI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Hartati Aluh
Published: October 2022

Setiap manusia mengalami proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan didalam hidupnya. Perkembangan seseorang dari awal hingga akhir kehidupannya melibatkan perubahan terutama pada remaja. Dari sekian banyak perubahan yang dialami oleh remaja, perkembangan fisik dipandang penting. Karena secara langsung atau tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi perilaku anak sehari-hari. Pengambilan sample dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Purposive Random Sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 142 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode angket sebagai metode pokok dan metode dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara sebagai metode pelengkap. Analisis statistik yang digunakan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan analisis t-test. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan t-test yang diperoleh melalui analisis, ternyata nilai t diperoleh = 8,661 kemudian dikonsultasikan dengan nilai t dalam tabel dengan d.b (N-1) = 10-1 = 9 dengan taraf signifikan 5% = 2,262 kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai t hitung lebih besar daripada nilai t tabel (8,661 > 2,262). Maka dapat dikemukakan bahwa Hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan Hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima.
EFEKTIFITAS KONSELING KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK SELF-TALK UNTUK MENGURANGI TINGKAT KECEMASAN AKADEMIK SISWA KELAS X SMKN 2 MATARAM
Authors: Zulaifi Reza
Published: October 2022

Rendahnya prestasi belajar merupakan salah satu faktor yang menjadi sorotan dunia pendidikan. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya prestasi belajar adalah kecemasan. Pada umumnya, siswa mengalami kecemasan ketika dihadapkan pada pelajaran yang dianggap sulit, berorientasi untuk mendapatkan nilai yang tinggi, guru tegas dalam mengajar, serta cemas ketika menghadapi ujian, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji keefektifan konseling kelompok (CBT) menggunakan teknik self-talk untuk mengurangi tingkat kecemasan akademik siswa. Penelitian ini menjadi sangat penting dilakukan mengingat tingkat kecemasan akademik yang dialami oleh siswa sangat berdampak pada hasil belajarnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan disain non-equivalent group pretes-posttest design.. subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 16 siswa yang dipilih secara provosive sampling. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa konseling kelompok dengan teknik self-talk efektif dalam mengurangi tingkat kecemasan akademik siswa.
Fungsi Manajemen Kelas dalam Pembentukan Karakter dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Najwa Lu'luin , Hidayah Nur Ihwani
Published: October 2022

This study aims to find out how the classroom management implemented and implicated in shaping students' character and learning motivation at MA Plus Nurul Islam Sekarbela. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were Mathematics subject teachers and class X students, totaling 54 students which were divided into 2 majors, namely Science and Religion majors. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study reveal that: 1) The classroom management in shaping students' character and learning motivation at MA Plus Nurul Islam Sekarbela was implemented by mathematics teachers starting from managing the classroom environment, enforcing classroom discipline, controlling students' behavior, carrying out conflict management in the classroom. in the classroom, applying classroom management approaches, and doing literacy habits for 15 minutes. During the Covid-19 pandemic period, the teachers also made teaching materials in the form of PDF and PPT files, simulation videos or tutorials. The teachers also utilize Google Classroom application, Group WA and Telegram to convey information and interact and apply entertaining methods. 2) The implication of the implementation of classroom management in shaping the students’ character and learning motivation is that their character appears to be increasingly disciplined, independent, hard working and has a high curiosity. The students become more enthusiastic in participating in the learning process, do not give up easily, like to solve problems and are independent in completing assignments. Students look focused and enthusiastic during the learning process.
Chiari Type III : Experience of Outcome for 15 Cases
Authors: Gabr Mohamed , Elmataeshy Mahmoud , Abdullah Ahmed A.
Published: October 2022

Objective : Chiari III malformations are extremely rare hindbrain malformations that are associated with a high early mortality rate, or severe neurologic deficits in the survivors. The treatment is early operative closure and cerebrospinal fluid diversion (CSF) shunting.Methods : We operated on 15 patients by repair and excision between July 2014 till June 2020 and retrospective data collection was done. Only one patient doesn’t need ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and the other 14 patients need a VP shunt. We described stepwise dissection and untethering of the cerebellum from the bony edge to regrowth and herniation of cerebellum again into this potential space and simple dural closure or repair with graft was done.Results : We started with VP in eight patients (53%) and the other seven patients (46.7%) started with excision and then six patients need VP shunt later on because four patients developed CSF leak and two patients developed increased high intracranial tension. Only four patients (26.7%) needed a blood transfusion.Conclusion : There are variations in the outcome and not all cases of Chiari malformation III will die and severe developmental delay is not a must. Proper management and repair carry a good prognosis.
Different Number of Sessions of Intense Pulsed Light and Meibomian Gland Expression Combination Therapy for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Lee Seung Hyeun , Kim Minjeong , Lee Won Jun , Chun Yeoun Sook , Kim Kyoung Woo
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the intense pulsed light (IPL) and meibomian gland (MG) expression (MGX) combination therapy according to the total numbers of sessions in the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Methods: Ninety patients with MGD were included. Patients had maximal five sessions of IPL (Aqua Cel, Jeisys Medical) and MGX combination therapy at 2-week intervals. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score, MG profile grades, tear matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tear break-up time (BUT), tear osmolarity, tear secretion, and corneal erosions were evaluated.Results: The number of patients who had a total of one to five sessions (1S to 5S) was 10, 25, 17, 20, and 18, respectively. The time-serial decrease of OSDI scores was significant in patients who had three or more sessions (3S, p = 0.002; 4S, p < 0.001; 5S, p < 0.001). The MG expressibility grade decreased with two or more sessions (2S–5S, p < 0.001), but the meibum quality significantly improved with all sessions (1S, p = 0.012; 2S, p = 0.024; 3S, p = 0.015; 4S, p < 0.001; 5S, p < 0.001). Although tear BUT increased even in patients with one session (1S, p = 0.040; 3S, p = 0.005; 4S, p = 0.006; 5S, p = 0.021), tear MMP-9, osmolarity, Schirmer I, and corneal erosions were not improved in every number of sessions. The female sex was the sole contributor to the final symptomatic improvement (p = 0.042), and the MGD stages were not related to the final OSDI decrease.Conclusions: The OSDI score, MGD grades, and BUT were improved after the IPL and MGX combination therapy in MGD patients. Unlike MGD grades and tear film instability might be improved just after a few sessions, the overall subjective relief was accomplished in three or more sessions.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Retinal Capillary Hemangioblastoma in Korean Patients
Authors: Lee Sang Ha , Park Kyu Hyung , Woo Se Joon , Park Sang Jun , Joo Kwangsic
Published: October 2022

Purpose: We investigated the clinical features of Korean patients with retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH) and genetic variants of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with RCH from 2003 to 2021 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Sporadic and hereditary RCH associated with VHL disease were classified based on the specific tumors and family history. Clinical features, including the location and number of RCH and bilateral involvement, were investigated. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and direct sequencing targeting the VHL gene were performed for six RCH cases associated with VHL disease.Results: A total of 18 patients (23 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 37 ± 15 years. Twelve patients had hereditary RCH associated with VHL disease, and six patients had sporadic RCH. All five patients with bilateral RCH were clinically diagnosed with VHL disease, and 13 patients had unilateral RCH. Juxtapapillary RCH was only observed in patients with VHL. The most common complication of RCH was the epiretinal membrane, followed by the subretinal fluid. Pathogenic variants were identified in four patients. All three patients with type 1 VHL had the well-known missense mutation p.Glu70Lys, and one patient with type 2 VHL had the nonsense mutation p.Trp88Ter.Conclusions: In Korean patients with RCH, bilateral involvement and juxtapapillary RCH are highly likely to be associated with VHL disease. Because RCH may be the first clinical manifestation in patients with VHL, active genetic testing of the VHL gene and systemic evaluation are required.
International, Large-Scale, Real-World Clinical Data Confirm the Safety Profile of Rivaroxaban
Authors: Camm John
Published: October 2022

Rivaroxaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor and a non-vitamin K antagonist (VKA) novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) approved for a number of indications. It has been approved since 2011 by both the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism. However, anticoagulant therapy (both VKAs and NOACs) has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Although the majority of bleeding events are minor from a clinical standpoint (e.g. ecchymoses), major bleeding events have also been reported. This warrants the need for robust and large-scale clinical and safety data to guide physicians in patient selection, risk stratification, and treatment choice. While NOACs have been subject to a number of randomised clinical trials, observational studies, and real-world registries, large-scale observational studies are still scarce. This article reviews the newly published data from the XANTUS and the United States Department of Defense post-marketing safety surveillance studies, two landmark real-world observational studies on rivaroxaban use and safety in NVAF patients, and puts them in perspective with regard to clinical trial data and other real-world data. Both sets of results were presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress on 31st August, 2015. This data collection represents more than 45,000 patients from 22 countries.
Wandering with Rancière: Sound and Structure under the Aesthetic Regime
Authors: Kaltenecker Martin
Published: October 2022

Drawing on Hegel and Foucault, Rimbaud and Wordsworth, Martin Kaltenecker engages conventional historical reading of the progression of Western music. Beyond this important context, Kaltenecker draws attention to a recent, noteworthy development: a certain tendency of recent music to devote itself to its own medium, to the materiality of sound devoid of any structuring principle.
Staging Music in the Aesthetic Regime of Art: Rancière, Berlioz and the Bells of Harold en Italie
Authors: Cachopo João Pedro
Published: October 2022

Despite their diversity and insight, none of the chapters included in Aisthesis deals directly with music. Hence the relevance of a musical “scene” which the author suggests might well revolve around Berlioz’s Harold en Italie and take as a point of departure a passage from the composer’s Mémoires in which he discusses François-Joseph Fétis’s accusation that the work included a “wrong” note. Examining Berlioz ambivalent response to this accusation, which draws on the rules of harmony, while also winking at the principles of programme music, Cachopo argues that the note’s “noisy” and “grainy” presence proves obsolete the assumption of a purely musical domain.
On Shoemakers and Related Matters: Rancière and Badiou on Richard Wagner
Authors: Vogt Erik M.
Published: October 2022

Erik Vogt offers an important re-examination of Badiou’s critique of Rancière, on the basis of Wagner’s Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Vogt’s argument prioritizes the aesthetic regime as a way of doing, a radical erupting-within that, for Vogt is embodied in the figure of the cobbler as conduit.
Roll Over the Musical Boundaries: A Few Milestones for the Implementation of an Equal Method in Musicology
Authors: Trottier Danick
Published: October 2022

Does musicology already have a “method of equality,” even in advance of considerations of what Rancière has to offer? Danick Trottier engages the relationship between ‘new musicology’ and popular music studies to reveal some ways in which musicology, as a discipline, has opened itself to thinking about equality by challenging established hierarchies and the ways in which they have been drawn, not only of repertoires and canon inclusions, but also of what kinds of musicking practices make valid objects of musicological study.
Evaluation of ways to improve the reliability of the spool distributor of a hydroham-mer with a delay in the movement of the striker
Authors: Gorodilov L. V. , Kudryavcev V. G.
Published: October 2022

A spool distributor is considered, which makes it possible to delay the movement of the striker of the hydraulic impact device and thus maintain the impact energy at a given level. Schemes for improving the design of the distributor are proposed, aimed at increasing its reliability and pre-venting premature operation of the spool due to the impact of water impact waves. Mathematical models of their motion have been developed, analytical solutions have been obtained. Estimates of the parameters of the circuits ensuring the retention of the spool in the initial position are presented.
Modeling past and future spatiotemporal distributions of airborne allergenic pollen across the contiguous United States
Authors: Ren Xiang , Cai Ting , Mi Zhongyuan , Bielory Leonard , Nolte Christopher G. , Georgopoulos Panos G.
Published: October 2022

Exposures to airborne allergenic pollen have been increasing under the influence of changing climate. A modeling system incorporating pollen emissions and atmospheric transport and fate processes has been developed and applied to simulate spatiotemporal distributions of two major aeroallergens, oak and ragweed pollens, across the contiguous United States (CONUS) for both historical (year 2004) and future (year 2047) conditions. The transport and fate of pollen presented here is simulated using our adapted version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Model performance was evaluated using observed pollen counts at monitor stations across the CONUS for 2004. Our analysis shows that there is encouraging consistency between observed seasonal mean concentrations and corresponding simulated seasonal mean concentrations (oak: Pearson = 0.35, ragweed: Pearson = 0.40), and that the model was able to capture the statistical patterns of observed pollen concentration distributions in 2004 for most of the pollen monitoring stations. Simulation of pollen levels for a future year (2047) considered conditions corresponding to the RCP8.5 scenario. Modeling results show substantial regional variability both in the magnitude and directionality of changes in pollen metrics. Ragweed pollen season is estimated to start earlier and last longer for all nine climate regions of the CONUS, with increasing average pollen concentrations in most regions. The timing and magnitude of oak pollen season vary across the nine climate regions, with the largest increases in pollen concentrations expected in the Northeast region.
Roles of peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1 in viral propagation
Authors: Kanna Machi , Nakatsu Yusuke , Yamamotoya Takeshi , Encinas Jeffrey , Ito Hisanaka , Okabe Takayoshi , Asano Tomoichiro , Sakaguchi Takemasa
Published: October 2022

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) is a unique enzyme that promotes cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue of a target protein. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA (never in mitosis A)-interacting 1 (Pin1) is a PPIase that binds to the pSer/pThr-Pro motif of target proteins and isomerizes their prolines. Pin1 has been reported to be involved in cancer development, obesity, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease and has been shown to promote the growth of several viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Pin1 enhances the efficiency of viral infection by promoting uncoating and integration of the human immunodeficiency virus. It has also been shown that Pin1 interacts with hepatitis B virus proteins and participates in viral replication. Furthermore, Pin1 promotes not only viral proliferation but also the progression of virus-induced tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the effects of Pin1 on the proliferation of various viruses and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
A genome-wide cell-free DNA methylation analysis identifies an episignature associated with metastatic luminal B breast cancer
Authors: Rodriguez-Casanova Aitor , Costa-Fraga Nicolas , Castro-Carballeira Clara , González-Conde Miriam , Abuin Carmen , Bao-Caamano Aida , García-Caballero Tomás , Brozos-Vazquez Elena , Rodriguez-López Carmela , Cebey Victor , Palacios Patricia , Cueva Juan F. , López-López Rafael , Costa Clotilde , Díaz-Lagares Angel
Published: October 2022

Breast cancers of the luminal B subtype are frequent tumors with high proliferation and poor prognosis. Epigenetic alterations have been found in breast tumors and in biological fluids. We aimed to profile the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylome of metastatic luminal B breast cancer (LBBC) patients using an epigenomic approach to discover potential noninvasive biomarkers. Plasma cfDNA was analyzed using the Infinium MethylationEpic array in a cohort of 14 women, including metastatic LBBC patients and nontumor controls. The methylation levels of cfDNA and tissue samples were validated with droplet digital PCR. The methylation and gene expression data of 582 primary luminal breast tumors and 79 nontumor tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found an episignature of 1,467 differentially methylated CpGs that clearly identified patients with LBBC. Among the genes identified, the promoter hypermethylation of WNT1 was validated in cfDNA, showing an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.86 for the noninvasive detection of metastatic LBBC. Both paired cfDNA and primary/metastatic breast tumor samples showed hypermethylation of WNT1. TCGA analysis revealed significant WNT1 hypermethylation in the primary tumors of luminal breast cancer patients, with a negative association between WNT1 methylation and gene expression. In this proof-of-principle study, we discovered an episignature associated with metastatic LBBC using a genome-wide cfDNA methylation approach. We also identified the promoter hypermethylation of WNT1 in cfDNA as a potential noninvasive biomarker for luminal breast cancer. Our results support the use of EPIC arrays to identify new epigenetic noninvasive biomarkers in breast cancer.
Large animal models for the study of tendinopathy
Authors: Zhang Guorong , Zhou Xuyan , Hu Shuang , Jin Ye , Qiu Zhidong
Published: October 2022

Tendinopathy has a high incidence in athletes and the aging population. It can cause pain and movement disorders, and is one of the most difficult problems in orthopedics. Animal models of tendinopathy provide potentially efficient and effective means to develop understanding of human tendinopathy and its underlying pathological mechanisms and treatments. The selection of preclinical models is essential to ensure the successful translation of effective and innovative treatments into clinical practice. Large animals can be used in both micro- and macro-level research owing to their similarity to humans in size, structure, and function. This article reviews the application of large animal models in tendinopathy regarding injuries to four tendons: rotator cuff, patellar ligament, Achilles tendon, and flexor tendon. The advantages and disadvantages of studying tendinopathy with large animal models are summarized. It is hoped that, with further development of animal models of tendinopathy, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of tendinopathy in humans will be developed.
Quantitative cell imaging approaches to metastatic state profiling
Authors: Nevarez Andres J. , Hao Nan
Published: October 2022

Genetic heterogeneity of metastatic dissemination has proven challenging to identify exploitable markers of metastasis; this bottom-up approach has caused a stalemate between advances in metastasis and the late stage of the disease. Advancements in quantitative cellular imaging have allowed the detection of morphological phenotype changes specific to metastasis, the morphological changes connected to the underlying complex signaling pathways, and a robust readout of metastatic cell state. This review focuses on the recent machine and deep learning developments to gain detailed information about the metastatic cell state using light microscopy. We describe the latest studies using quantitative cell imaging approaches to identify cell appearance-based metastatic patterns. We discuss how quantitative cancer biologists can use these frameworks to work backward toward exploitable hidden drivers in the metastatic cascade and pioneering new Frontier drug discoveries specific for metastasis.
Dual-fluorescent reporter for live-cell imaging of the ER during DENV infection
Authors: Corliss Lochlain , Holliday Madeline , Lennemann Nicholas J.
Published: October 2022

Infection by flaviviruses leads to dramatic remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Viral replication occurs within virus-induced vesicular invaginations in the ER membrane. A hallmark of flavivirus infection is expansion of the ER membrane which can be observed at specific time points post infection. However, this process has not been effectively visualized in living cells throughout the course of infection at the single cell resolution. In this study, we developed a plasmid-based reporter system to monitor flavivirus infection and simultaneous virus-induced manipulation of single cells throughout the course of infection in real-time. This system requires viral protease cleavage to release an ER-anchored fluorescent protein infection reporter that is fused to a nuclear localization signal (NLS). This proteolytic cleavage allows for the translocation of the infection reporter signal to the nucleus while an ER-specific fluorescent marker remains localized in the lumen. Thus, the construct allows for the visualization of virus-dependent changes to the ER throughout the course of infection. In this study, we show that our reporter was efficiently cleaved upon the expression of multiple flavivirus proteases, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). We also found that the DENV protease-dependent cleavage of our ER-anchored reporter exhibited more stringent cleavage sequence specificity than what has previously been shown with biochemical assays. Using this system for long term time-lapse imaging of living cells infected with DENV, we observed nuclear translocation of the reporter signal beginning approximately 8 hours post-infection, which continued to increase throughout the time course. Interestingly, we found that increased reporter signal translocation correlated with increased ER signal intensity, suggesting a positive association between DENV infection and ER expansion in a time-dependent manner. Overall, this report demonstrates that the FlavER platform provides a useful tool for monitoring flavivirus infection and simultaneously observing virus-dependent changes to the host cell ER, allowing for study of the temporal nature of virus-host interactions.
Serine protease inhibitor derived from Trichinella spiralis (TsSERP) inhibits neutrophil elastase and impairs human neutrophil functions
Authors: Kobpornchai Porntida , Reamtong Onrapak , Phuphisut Orawan , Malaitong Preeyarat , Adisakwattana Poom
Published: October 2022

During early infection with Trichinella spiralis, host neutrophils destroy newborn larvae migrating in the bloodstream, preventing infection. However, parasites secrete various immunomodulatory molecules to escape the host’s defense mechanisms, allowing them to infect the host and live for long periods. T. spiralis secretes serine protease inhibitors (TsSERPs), which are key inhibitory molecules that regulate serine proteases involved in digestion and inflammation. However, the modulatory roles of TsSERP in the inhibition of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) and neutrophil functions are unknown. Therefore, the immunomodulatory properties of recombinant TsSERP1 (rTsSERP1) on NSPs and neutrophil functions were investigated in this study. rTsSERP1 preferentially inhibited human neutrophil elastase (hNE). In addition, incubation of rTsSERP1 with fMLP-induced neutrophils impaired their phagocytic ability. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and NETs were dramatically reduced when treated with rTsSERP1. Furthermore, rTsSERP1 suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during neutrophil activation, which are essential for neutrophil-mediated local or systemic inflammation regulation. In conclusion, T. spiralis immune evasion mechanisms are promoted by the inhibitory properties of TsSERP1 against neutrophil elastase and neutrophil defense functions, and these might be promising alternative treatment targets for inflammatory disorders.
Immune response induced by novel coronavirus infection
Authors: Sun Ying , Zou Yawen , Wang Haiyu , Cui Guangying , Yu Zujiang , Ren Zhigang
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has been prominent around the world since it was first discovered, affecting more than 100 million people. Although the symptoms of most infected patients are not serious, there is still a considerable proportion of patients who need hospitalization and even develop fatal symptoms such as cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome and so on. Cytokine storm is usually described as a collection of clinical manifestations caused by overactivation of the immune system, which plays an important role in tissue injury and multiorgan failure. The immune system of healthy individuals is composed of two interrelated parts, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defense against viruses; it can quickly perceive viruses through pattern recognition receptors and activate related inflammatory pathways to clear pathogens. The adaptive immune system is activated by specific antigens and is mainly composed of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells, which play different roles in viral infection. Here, we discuss the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In-depth study of the recognition of and response of innate immunity and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 will help to prevent the development of critical cases and aid the exploration of more targeted treatments.
The evolving role of multi-modality imaging in transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions
Authors: Gheorghe Livia Luciana , Hegeman Romy , Vrijkorte Martijn , Wunderlich Nina , Cavalcante Joao , Wang Dee Dee , Rana Bushra , Vannan Mani , Timmers Leo , Swaans Martin
Published: October 2022

Tricuspid valve pathophysiology is not well-understood. Emergence of novel transcatheter tricuspid therapies has fueled the requirements for improved imaging visualization techniques and interventional imaging physician skillsets in guiding these complex transcatheter procedures. There is growing understanding on the clinical significance of tricuspid regurgitation which expanded the interest for percutaneous tricuspid valve interventions. The present review concentrates on three essential aspects of tricuspid valve pathophysiology: anatomical considerations for tricuspid interventions, optimal timing of tricuspid interventions by imaging guidance, and the role of interventional imaging physicians’ skillset and knowledge in this field.
Speckle tracking imaging evaluation of left ventricular myocardial work comparing right ventricular septal pacing with His-Purkinje system area pacing
Authors: Meng Qingguo , Li Yao , Wang Sijia , Feng Tianhang , Xu Huijun , Liu Juan , Liu Xuebing , Guo Zhiyu , Deng Yan , Li Chunmei , Tang Yijia , Yin Lixue
Published: October 2022

Aims

We sought to objectively assess left ventricular myocardial work (MW) parameters after right ventricular septal pacing (VSP) and His-Purkinje system area pacing (HPSAP) procedures.

Materials and methods

Patients undergoing double-chamber pacemaker implantation for III-degree atrioventricular block (III° AVB) were assessed 1 year after implantation. VSP and HPSAP groups (20 and 23 patients, respectively) were compared against 40 healthy age-matched volunteers. Two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging was used to obtain the global myocardial work index (GWI), global myocardial work efficiency (GWE), global myocardial constructive work (GCW), global myocardial wasted work (GWW), left ventricular stratified strain, and peak strain dispersion (PSD).

Results

GWI, GWE, and GCW parameters were improved in HPSAP compared to VSP, while GWW was significantly larger in the VSP group compared to the HPSAP group (all p < 0.05). HPSAP outperformed the VSP group in comparisons of global left ventricular longitudinal strain and stratified strain. Compared to controls, the GCW of all segmental myocardium (17/17 segments) in the VSP group was significantly reduced, while 70.59% (12/17 segments) in the HPSAP group was lower than the control group. GCW in the left ventricular segment of the HPSAP group was bigger than the VSP group (29.41%; 5/17 segments) and mainly concentrated in the ventricular septum and inferior wall.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that HPSAP performance outcomes are improved over VSP after 1 year, especially in left ventricular contractile synchrony, and HPSAP is beneficial to the effective myocardial work of the left ventricle.
Clinical assessment of resting full-cycle ratio and fractional flow reserve for coronary artery disease in a real-world cohort
Authors: Chuang Ming-Ju , Chang Chun-Chin , Lee Yin-Hao , Lu Ya-Wen , Tsai Yi-Lin , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Lu Tse-Min , Huang Po-Hsun
Published: October 2022

Background

There are few reports published on the comparison of the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) on the assessment of the severity of coronary stenosis. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of RFR for detection of functionally significant coronary lesions.

Methods

This was an observational, retrospective, single-center study. We evaluated both RFR and FFR for 277 coronary lesions of 235 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Patients presenting with chronic coronary syndrome, unstable angina, or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction were included.

Results

The mean FFR and RFR values were 0.84 ± 0.08 and 0.90 ± 0.08, respectively. RFR significantly correlated with FFR (r = 0.727, P < 0.001). The agreement rate between the FFR and RFR was 79.8% (221/277). The diagnostic performance of RFR vs. FFR was accuracy 79.8%, sensitivity 70.4%, specificity 83.7%, positive predictive value 64.0%, and negative predictive value 87.2%. The discriminative power of RFR to identify lesions with FFR ≤ 0.80 was acceptable when the RFR value was within the gray zone [0.86 ≤ RFR ≤ 0.93; AUC: 0.72 (95% CI:0.63–0.81)], while it was excellent when the RFR value was out of the gray zone [RFR > 0.93 or < 0.86; AUC: 0.94 (95% CI:0.88–0.99)].

Conclusion

RFR was significantly correlated with FFR in the assessment of intermediate coronary stenosis. An RFR-FFR hybrid approach increases the diagnostic accuracy of RFR in the detection of functionally significant lesions.
The PRC considers military AI ethics: Can autonomy be trusted?
Authors: Metcalf Mark
Published: October 2022

China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) is currently wrestling with the benefits and challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance their capabilities. Like many other militaries, a key factor in their analysis is identifying and dealing with the ethical implications of employing AI-enabled systems. Unlike other militaries, however, as the PLA is directly controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP—“the Party”), such considerations are conspicuously influenced by a definition of military ethics that is fundamentally political. This Mini-Review briefly discusses key tenets of PLA military ethics and then investigates how the challenges of military AI ethics are being addressed in publicly-available government and PLA publications. Analysis indicates that, while the PLA is considering AI ethical challenges that are common to all militaries (e.g., accountability), their overriding challenge that they face is “squaring the circle” of benefitting from autonomous AI capabilities while providing the CCP with the absolute control of the PLA that it demands—which is, from the CCP's perspective, a military ethics consideration. All Chinese translations are my own.