bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTABILIDADE DE AMOSTRAS DE SÊMEN PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE ÍNDICE DE FRAGMENTAÇÃO DO DNA
Authors: Santos IO , Penteado RMC , Silva M , Andreoli RCR , Villarinho AAR , Guerra JCC
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: A infertilidade atinge cerca de 280 mil casais no Brasil, ainda que, sem causa definida, a qualidade genômica dos espermatozoides tenha papel de destaque. Esta pode ser investigada mesmo em espermograma normal, através do índice de fragmentação do DNA. Apesar de mobilidade e morfologias normais, espermatozoides podem possuir danos no DNA. O teste de fragmentação do DNA neste contexto é um importante no auxílio na investigação de infertilidade, como na seleção de amostra para fertilização in vitro. Neste cenário, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar a estabilidade de amostras para realização do índice de fragmentação do DNA. Método: Vinte e uma amostras de sêmen da rotina foram submetidas ao teste de fragmentação de DNA em quatro momentos: a fresco, um, quatro e oito dias após congelamento-descongelamento. Utilizou-se o método de dispersão da cromatina espermática (SDC) para avaliar o índice de fragmentação do DNA. Foi desenvolvido kit in house, lâmina pré-tratada, inserção de amostra em tubo de agarose, etapas de tratamento térmico, homogeneização, aplicação de soluções desnaturante e lisante e quantidade específica e coloração. Em seguida, fez-se a contagem de 500 células e o cálculo do percentual de espermatozoides fragmentados; o valor de referência é considerado normal até 30% de fragmentação. A análise estatística foi realizada com teste Anova. Conclusão: Não houve diferença estatística entre as amostras (p = 0,95), independente do tempo de estocagem na forma congelada, garantindo-se, portanto, estabilidade da amostra de sêmen para avaliação do índice de fragmentação de DNA. Identificou-se pouca variabilidade, inclusive, comparando-se apenas os três primeiros grupos, p = 0,85. A possibilidade de recebimento de amostras congeladas de diferentes instituições possibilitou a disponibilidade deste teste, já que é evidente a sua crescente aplicabilidade, além do contexto da infertilidade, como, também, na seleção de sêmen para fertilização.
VALIDAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DE LAMP PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE INFLUENZA E SARSCOV-2 E AVALIAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA EM UM CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Bretz GPM , Carobim NV , Fernandes AB , Sabino AP , Soardi FC , Gomes KB
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Investigação epidemiológica de Sars-CoV-2, influenza A (IAV) e influenza B (IBV) na comunidade atendida pelo programa MonitoraCOVID da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), em 2022, por meio da padronização e da validação da técnica de LAMP. Método: Foram utilizadas amostras de swab nasofaríngeo nas reações de LAMP, realizadas simultaneamente nas mesmas condições com leitura visual. Para investigação epidemiológica, foram testados 10% do quantitativo mensal atendido pelo MonitoraCOVID. Conclusão: As reações de LAMP demonstraram sensibilidade de 84% e 85,2% para o Sars-CoV-2 e a IAV, respectivamente. A prevalência de IBV foi baixa para análise dos parâmetros analíticos. A especificidade obtida foi de 100% nas três reações. A taxa anual de positividade encontrada foi: Sars-CoV-2 – 28,7%; IAV – 1,6%; IBV – 0%. Foram encontrados resultados indeterminados para Sars-CoV-2 e IAV (0,8% cada). O ensaio de LAMP foi capaz de avaliar a epidemiologia dos vírus respiratórios na comunidade da UFMG.
FREQUÊNCIA DE DETECÇÃO DE VÍRUS POR PAINEL MOLECULAR COMO AGENTES ETIOLÓGICOS DE INFECÇÕES RESPIRATÓRIAS AGUDAS EM PACIENTES ATENDIDOS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Zaparoli MS , Saihg PRC , Charbel CE , Carnevale GG , Lázari CS , Pinho JRR , Alcantara FFP , Santana JV
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: As infecções respiratórias agudas (IRA) são muito frequentes e uma das principais causas de hospitalizações. A maioria é causada por vírus, que se manifestam como resfriados comuns, gripe, faringite, traqueobronquite e bronquiolite. As complicações afetam especialmente imunossuprimidos, idosos e crianças, sendo as pneumonias a maior causa de mortalidade. As síndromes são superponíveis, logo, o diagnóstico etiológico requer exames laboratoriais para orientar tratamento e isolamento. Destacam-se os painéis moleculares (PM), que permitem detecção múltipla, sensível e rápida dos vírus respiratórios (VR). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência de VR detectados por meio de um PM comercial em amostras de pacientes hospitalizados por IRA em um hospital público de São Paulo. Método: Análise retrospectiva dos resultados de todas amostras do trato respiratório de pacientes com suspeita de IRA, processadas no período de novembro de 2021 a abril de 2023, por meio do sistema FilmArray® Respiratory Panel 2.1 (Biomeriéux, EUA), cuja sensibilidade e especificidade globais são de 95% e 99%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Foram avaliados 3978 resultados válidos do PM, dos quais 2657 (66,8%) tiveram pelo menos um VR detectado. A positividade global foi de 70,3% em 2021; 65,2% em 2022; e 55,9% até abril de 2023, e distribuída conforme a faixa etária em 72% de 0 a 18 anos; 52,6% de 19 a 59 anos; e 43,7% em ≥ 60 anos. A distribuição dos agentes foi: rino/enterovírus: 35,9% dos positivos; Sars-CoV-2: 11,2%; PIV 1 a 4: 11%; FluA: 10,7%; VRS: 10,3%; AdV: 10,2%; CoV OC43, HKU1, 229E e NL63: 5,6%; MPV: 4,5%; FluB: 0,2%. O agente mais frequente de 0 a 18 anos foi rino/enterovírus (39,7%); de 19 a 59 anos, Sars-CoV-2 (30,2%) e de ≥ 60 anos, FluA. Conclui-se que os PM podem ter papel importante para o diagnóstico etiológico das IRA virais, demonstrando, inclusive, variações relevantes conforme o período e a faixa etária estudada.
ESTUDO DO LIQUOR E DOS MÉTODOS UTILIZADOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE ATIVIDADE INFLAMATÓRIA NO SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL
Authors: Silva LA , Dutra AP , Bonadio AA , Aby Azar RA , Nascimento GS , Pinho RS
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: O estudo do líquido cefalorraquidiano é utilizado na avaliação de doenças inflamatórias ou autoimunes que acometem o cérebro, a medula e as raízes nervosas. Doenças inflamatórias podem ser sistêmicas ao sistema nervoso central (SNC). Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os resultados desses métodos em pacientes com quadro clínico sugestivo de doenças inflamatórias que acometem o SNC. Método: No estudo, selecionamos materiais submetidos a análises de citologia, síntese de IgG, índice de IgG e pesquisa de bandas oligoclonais. A citologia global está alterada quando as células encontram-se acima de 4/mm3. Síntese e índice de IgG são calculados a partir de imunoglobulina IgG e albumina (soro e liquor). A síntese de IgG é considerada alterada quando a dosagem está acima de 3,3 mg/dia e o índice de IgG acima de 0,8. A análise da presença de bandas é considerada positiva caso, na região de gamaglobulinas do LCR, sejam detectadas duas ou mais bandas que não se encontram na amostra pareada do soro. Conclusão: Considerando os materiais selecionados e os resultados analíticos obtidos, 72% têm alteração em pelo menos uma das técnicas. Alteração na citologia global foi encontrada em 19% dos casos; 56% apresentaram aumento na síntese de IgG e um caso tem aumento do índice de IgG. Avaliando os resultados, podemos concluir que o aumento da síntese de imunoglobulinas da classe IgG é a alteração mais frequente. O resultado foi mais recorrente que o aumento do índice de IgG e está de acordo com a literatura, por ser um exame mais sensível e capaz de identificar indícios de atividade inflamatória mesmo com a citologia normal. Dessa forma, a atividade inflamatória no SNC pode ser avaliada considerando todos os métodos analisados, e os resultados deles devem ser avaliados em conjunto para contribuir, de forma mais precisa, no diagnóstico etiológico dos pacientes.
MIELOMA MÚLTIPLO COM INFILTRAÇÃO NEOPLÁSICA NO SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL (SNC)
Authors: Guerra LF , Marques AS , Marostica LK , Salomão DF , Santos MV , Senne C , Barros RD
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: O mieloma múltiplo é uma neoplasia progressiva de células B na medula óssea. É a segunda neoplasia hematológica mais comum, afetando principalmente pacientes idosos. Estudos recentes mostram que a infiltração das células malignas no sistema nervoso central (SNC) causam complicações neurológicas graves que afetam o prognóstico e a qualidade de vida. Este estudo descreve os achados citomorfológicos, as alterações bioquímicas e os marcadores imunofenotípicos do liquor (LCR) de um paciente com mieloma múltiplo. Método: Paciente V. F. A., sexo masculino, 76 anos, em acompanhamento médico para tratamento de mieloma múltiplo, apresentou fraqueza, deterioração do nível de consciência, confusão mental e dificuldades na fala, sendo indicada a realização de exame de LCR. A raquimanometria foi normal e o aspecto do LCR era ligeiramente opalescente no momento da coleta e límpido e xantocrômico após centrifugação. A citologia global revelou 184 células e 304 hemácias por mm3. O exame bioquímico mostrou concentrações de proteína de 63 mg/dl, glicose de 77 mg/dl e lactato de 28,5 mg/dl. Na citologia diferencial, foram observadas células de grande porte, basofílicas, com núcleo excêntrico, cromatina densa, presença de halo perinuclear, havendo dois núcleos em algumas delas. Essas características, encontradas em 100% das células, são consistentes com plasmócitos anômalos. A imunofenotipagem revelou positividade para neoplasia hematológica no espaço subaracnoidea, com 99% de células plasmocitárias com fenótipo anômalo expressando CD38, CD138, CD56 e cyLambda. Conclusão: O caso relatado ilustra a importância do exame convencional e da imunofenotipagem para investigação em quadros de pacientes com mieloma múltiplo com manifestações neurológicas. O exame de LCR, ao identificar a presença de infiltração, com caracterização precisa das células infiltradas, contribui para o diagnóstico e para o tratamento desses pacientes.
THREE YEARS OF SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC: THE HISTORY TOLD BY A BRAZILIAN DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY
Authors: Andrade MS , Silva LP , Dias ABA , Erazo FAH , Velasco LFR , Andrade RV , Nery LFA , Jácomo RH
Published: October 2024

Objective: In 2023 we complete three years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic(1). In this period, our lab performed more than 1.8 million assays from samples collected in the Federal District (mainly) and other 12 Brazilian states. Here, we present an epidemiological study based on diagnostic data for respiratory infections from our laboratory. Methods: We used an in house python script to analyze the data stored in our server between March 2020 and February 8, 2023. Results for SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A, Flu-B and RSV are analyzed. Personal data has been de-characterized. Graphs are generated using matplotlib library. The number of SARS-CoV-2 positive detections observed over the past three years was 493,053 (26.35%). 54% of patients who took the tests were women and 46% were men, with similar positive rates (25.95% and 26.82%, respectively). The positivity rate for the years of 2020, 2021 and 2022 were 24.78%, 18.19% and 40.08%, respectively. The distribution of exams and positive results for SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A, RSV and Flu-B during the analyzed period reveals the existence of sparse waves in the years 2020 and 2021 and well-defined waves in the year 2021. The first wave of 2022 was the largest observed and coincides with the entry of the omicron variant. During this period, we have a good sampling of the other respiratory pathogens investigated. Thus, it was possible to observe an increase of Flu-A detections at the beginning of the rise in SARS-CoV-2 cases as well as several cases of co-detections. Interestingly, 16 triple detections (SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A and RSV) events were observed in January 2022. Furthermore, analyzing repetitions of positive results for the same individual, we observed that the most common intervals between possible reinfection events are approximately 150, 316 and 532 days. Conclusion: Although the sampling may be biased considering the profile of the Laboratory’s patients, they are a good representation of what happened in the DF and in Brazil during the last three years of the pandemic.
VALIDAÇÃO DE UM PAINEL NEUROLÓGICO PELO MÉTODO DE FLUORESCÊNCIA PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENCEFALITES AUTOIMUNES/PARANEOPLÁSICAS NO SISTEMA NERVOSO
Authors: Salomão DF , Spineli C , Santos LV , Bonfante SS , Santos MV , Senne C , Domingues BR
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: A encefalite é uma inflamação cerebral de origem viral, bacteriana ou autoimune, com sintomas como febre, dor de cabeça, confusão e convulsões. Em casos graves, pode levar ao coma e à disfunção neurológica permanente. O diagnóstico envolve histórico clínico, exames físicos, de sangue e imagem, incluindo análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano. A encefalite tem complicações como danos cerebrais, comprometimento cognitivo, distúrbios do movimento e epilepsia. O prognóstico depende da causa, da gravidade da inflamação cerebral e da prontidão do tratamento. A adoção de tecnologia avançada com imunofluorescência reduziria o tempo de obtenção de resultados (20 dias úteis) e contribuiria para melhores desfechos clínicos. Método: Neste estudo, foram coletadas amostras ao longo de dois meses. Utilizou-se uma lâmina plástica com três poços e biochips contendo anticorpos (IgG, IgA, IgM) ligados a antígenos, com fluoresceína para visualização. Os biochips continham tecidos de cerebelo, nervo e intestino de primata. Outra lâmina plástica com três poços foi utilizada para a pesquisa de IgG, utilizando substratos e células transfectadas. As amostras congeladas a -30ºC foram descongeladas; duas diluições (1/10 e 1/100) foram realizadas para detectar possíveis efeitos prozona na matriz sérica, enquanto o LCR foi testado sem diluição. O estudo de validação incluiu seis amostras de soro e LCR na primeira etapa e 21 amostras na segunda etapa. Conclusão: A comparação entre a tecnologia de interesse e o método padrão-ouro utilizando a técnica de imunofluorescência demonstrou uma correlação substancial com um índice de kappa de Cohen de 0,8, de acordo com a classificação de Landis & Koch. Nos casos positivos, foram identificados padrões para os marcadores anti-NMDA e anti-YO (PCA). Em razão da especialização deste serviço com a internalização de um novo teste, foi possível a redução do prazo de execução desses exames em até 75% dos prazos iniciais de 20 dias úteis para até cinco dias.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA ABORDAGEM IN HOUSE SEMIAUTOMATIZADA PARA EXTRAÇÃO DE DNA DE TECIDOS SÓLIDOS: OTIMIZAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO EM PESQUISA BIOMÉDICA
Authors: Diniz IJL , Piccinini CXL
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: A extração de DNA é um procedimento crucial em laboratórios de análises clínicas, visando isolar e purificar o material genético presente nas células. Diversas técnicas estão disponíveis, cada uma com suas vantagens e limitações, exigindo seleção apropriada de acordo com amostra e objetivo do estudo. A extração de DNA é amplamente utilizada em diagnóstico de doenças genéticas, identificação de patógenos e estudos de variabilidade genética. O desenvolvimento de metodologias internas de extração é vantajoso, permitindo adaptação dos protocolos às necessidades específicas e à redução de custos, possibilitando maior número de análises. Além dos benefícios econômicos, a metodologia interna proporciona maior controle e qualidade dos resultados. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia alternativa de extração de DNA de tecidos sólidos, mais acessível em termos de custo, eficiente em termos de tempo de processamento e simplificada. Método: Duas extrações de DNA foram realizadas nas amostras – uma seguindo o protocolo do QIAamp DNA mini-kit e outra utilizando proteinase K e Lysis buffer da Seegene. Após a lise, o protocolo de extração universal automatizada da Seegene no equipamento Nimbus foi utilizado, seguido pela quantificação do DNA pelo equipamento NanoDrop. Duas placas de RT-PCR para HPV foram genotipadas, uma com o DNA extraído pelo kit da Qiagen e outra pelo protocolo interno. Conclusão: A redução de tempo de extração foi de 40%. A metodologia interna apresentou uma maior quantidade média de DNA eluido (450,38 ng/µl) e ambos os grupos obtiveram valores de absorbância média de 1,82, indicando pureza do DNA. A concordância de resultados na RT-PCR foi de 100%. Houve uma redução de custos de extração de 61,74% com o protocolo interno. Conclui-se que a metodologia de extração interna desenvolvida demonstrou benefícios significativos, como redução no tempo de extração, menor custo de processamento e maior quantidade de DNA eluido.
INTERFERENTE ANALÍTICO NA DOSAGEM SÉRICA DE INSULINA: UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Tolentino VRS , Santos IO , Ianicelli AR , Menegat FD , Costa TGR , Rosseto EA , Ferreira CES , Lottenberg SA , Batista MC
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: A insulina é um hormônio produzido pelas células β do pâncreas, cuja principal função é regular a glicemia. Sua dosagem está indicada para avaliar a secreção e/ou resistência insulínica ou investigar síndromes hipoglicêmicas. Normalmente, é dosada por ensaio imunométrico quimio ou eletroquimioluminescente, porém, esses métodos podem sofrer influência de vários interferentes. Neste relato, descrevemos a investigação laboratorial de um resultado espúrio de insulina, não condizente com o quadro clínico. Método: Paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos, apresentou, em agosto de 2022, glicemia e insulina de jejum 78 mg/dl (VR 70-99) e 87,4 mcUI/ml (VR 2,6-24,9); pico após 75 g de glicose 179 mg/dl e 254 mcUI/ml. Em abril de 2023, apresentou glicemia 77 mg/dl, insulina 47,7 mcUI/ml, pró-insulina 17,4 pmol/l (VR até 18,8), peptídeo C 1,4 ng/ml (VR 0,701,88), hemoglobina glicada 5,2% (VR < 5,7), anti-GAD 5 UI/ml (VR < 10). Devido à inconsistência com o quadro clínico, foram realizados vários testes para investigar interferente analítico. A diluição progressiva da amostra mostrou não linearidade (basal 47,7; diluição 1:4 62,4; diluição 1:16 116,2 mcUI/ml). A precipitação com polietilenoglicol sugeriu a presença de macrocomplexo (basal 44,9, pós-PEG 7,3 mcUI/ml). A dosagem em outro ensaio quimioluminescente foi 4,1 mcUI/ml (VR 3-25) e a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-insulina foi positiva (superior a 50 UI/ml, VR até 0,4). Conclusão: Este caso demonstra a interferência dos anticorpos anti-insulina no ensaio eletroquimioluminescente, gerando valores falsamente elevados. Além disso, sugere um protocolo simples para investigar interferente analítico.
DIAGNÓSTICO MOLECULAR DE TUBERCULOSIS Y EVALUACIÓN DEL GEN RPOB UTILIZANDO GENEXPERT MTB/RIF Y GENEXPERT MTB/RIF ULTRA
Authors: Vidal JR , La Torre JCG , Miguel HZ
Published: October 2024

Meta: Identificación y análisis de las mutaciones de sondas del gen rpoB de Mycobacterium tuberculosis asociadas a resistencia a rifampicina utilizando GeneXpert MTB/RIF y GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra, Lima Perú. Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. La población del estudio fue: pacientes adultos, con BK (+), que acudieron a un laboratorio privado de Lima (Perú), con diagnóstico de TBC por GeneXpert MTB/ RIF o GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra, con resistencia a la rifampicina, durante el 2014 al 2023. Se utilizó un instrumento de recolección validado, se obtuvo información de la base datos de los equipos GeneXpert MTB/ RIF y GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, gráficos, media, moda, desviación estándar. Se utilizó el software estadístico STATA V. 16. Conclusión: Según los resultados obtenidos con el GeneXpert MTB/RIF, las mutaciones del gen rpoB más frecuentes estában entre los cordones 529-533 y cordones 511-518. Por otro lado, en el GeneXpert MTB/ RIF Ultra, se observó que las mutaciones más frecuentes correspondieron a los genes rpoB3 Mut y rpoB4 Mut A. Además, se identificó una mayor carga bacteriana de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en las muestras analizadas con el GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra. En cuanto a las muestras utilizadas, se encontró que las más comunes fueron el esputo, el lavado bronquioalveolar y el aspirado bronquial. Referencias: 1. Alamgir M, Sajjad M, Baig MS, Noori MY. Mutational frequencies in Mycobacterial rpoB gene using GeneXpert/MTB rif assay in rifampicin resistant patients at a tertiary care setting in Urban Sindh, Pakistan: analysis from a five-year period. Pak J Med Sci. 2021; 37(4): 1151-54. 2. Alemu A, Tadesse M, Seid G et al. Does Xpert® MTB/ RIF assay give rifampicin resistance results without identified mutation? Review of cases from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2020; 20(1): 87.
Influence of Community Cultural Wealth on Undergraduate Hispanic and Black Women's Persistence in the STEM+C Workforce Pipeline
Authors: Ashford-Hanserd Shetay , Carrera Lillianna Franco , Hough Twyla D. , Moreno Toni D. , Mouton April J. , Wallace Ila
Published: October 2024

To promote racial and gender equity in the field of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computing (STEM+C), we investigated prominent influences on historically underrepresented minority (HURM) women's persistence in undergraduate education. With the underrepresentation
of Black and Hispanic women in the computing workforce, this study focused on the experiences of this population as they persisted in their undergraduate education at a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in Texas. This pilot study employed the ACCEYSS STEM+C Majors (ASCM) survey instrument
and the counter-life herstory interview protocol to illuminate the community cultural wealth (CCW) factors and relevant lived experiences that influenced Black and Hispanic women's persistence in undergraduate computing education. To center justice and equity, we utilized a modified CCW
framework (MCCW) as the theoretical framework to provide an antideficit understanding of how women of color access their strengths to persist in postsecondary education. The MCCW framework was modified to include spiritual capital as a critical source of fortitude and resilience in Black and
Hispanic communities. Our findings highlight ways in which CCW factors influenced Black and Hispanic women's persistence in undergraduate computing education in response to better understand this population in their attainment and representation in STEM+C disciplines.
Employees’ green behaviour initiatives and green human resource management implementation challenges
Authors:   University of Zululand, Adewumi Samson
Published: October 2024

The green behaviour and green human resource management literature shows a sparsity of studies related to employee green behaviour initiatives and green human resource management implementation challenges, specifically in the context of Nigeria’s manufacturing organisations. Hence, this study seeks to address this gap by interrogating employees’ perception and understanding of green behaviour, green behaviour initiatives and green human resource management implementation challenges from the perspective of a manufacturing organization in Lagos, Nigeria. The case study research design was adopted with 15-unit managers purposively recruited from the human resource department and the semi-structured interview was employed to retrieve qualitative data from respondents. Themes and sub-themes were identified from the qualitative data with the aid of the NVivo (v.14) qualitative software. Findings include environmental sustainability, response to climate change and efficient use of raw materials as a perception and understanding of green behaviour. Managers understanding of green behaviour, awareness and campaigns, collectivism and consistent reviews and accountability of green project funds were revealed as green behaviour initiatives. Green human resource management implementation challenges include green evaluation and monitoring, socio-cultural constraints, personality and socialisation and education and training. The study concludes with a more strategic evaluation and monitoring of green behaviour policy and implementation. The policy implication is a call for the inclusion of green behaviour and personality tests in recruitment policy. This will help identify prospective employees with deviant to green behaviour compliance.
“There isn’t much support given”: Rural teachers’ perception of curriculum implementation
Authors:   Sol Plaatje University, Teise Kevin , Februarie Redouane ,   Sol Plaatje University
Published: October 2024

The schools in rural areas of the Northern Cape province in South Africa face many challenges that hamper the effective implementation of the mathematics curriculum and, as such, the quality of mathematics education and its learning outcome. To improve the situation, rural teachers should be supported to ensure the successful implementation of the grade 9 mathematics curriculum, in particular. Such support would enable teachers to, despite the challenges, create an effective teaching and learning environment that will positively impact learner success. In this article, we report on rural teachers’ perceptions of the nature and extent of support they need and receive to implement the grade 9 mathematics curriculum effectively. We followed a qualitative approach guided by a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six grade 9 mathematics teachers from the Northern Cape province and were analysed thematically. Findings revealed that whilst some level of support is provided to the teachers, this is insufficient and often irrelevant to the rural education context. Some recommendations are made to enhance the extent and nature of support to the teachers to implement the mathematics curriculum effectively.
Examining the enablers and constraints of correctional students’ access in higher education: A case study
Authors:   Department of Educational Leadership and Management, College of Education, University of South Africa, Mahlangu Vimbi Petrus
Published: October 2024

This study examines the factors that facilitate or hinder the ability of incarcerated inmates in a Namibian prison to pursue higher education. A total of twelve student inmates, who were specifically chosen based on their registration status, were interviewed to obtain a deeper understanding of their experiences. The selection criteria ensured that all participants were currently enrolled in higher education, thereby meeting the eligibility requirements for the study. The data, obtained from tape-recorded interviews, was transcribed word for word by a skilled transcriber. The researcher subsequently examined these transcripts, employing an interpretive framework to comprehend the actualized encounters of the inmates. This methodology enabled the researcher to thoroughly analyse the aspects that either supported or impeded the inmates' educational endeavors during their time in prison. It was found that correctional inmates experienced a lack of support, either from family, lecturers, or the institution, as a significant barrier to their educational progress. The study illuminates the distinct difficulties and possibilities faced by incarcerated students, adding to the wider discussion on educational access in prisons. Targeted interventions and support programs aimed at prison students particularly in the critical transition periods leading up to and during the application process for tertiary education should be the mitigating strategies used to help prison students to overcome the constraints in accessing higher education. Economic inequalities, such as poverty and scarcity of resources, also have a substantial impact by restricting access to educational materials, technology, and other necessary forms of assistance.
PERMACRISIS, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOCIETY. TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS: RISK PERCEPTION COMPONENT
Authors: SARCINSCHI Alexandra
Published: October 2024

The paper discusses the relevance of incorporating risk perception assessment into the analysis of the impact of climate change on the societal dimension of national security. The objective is to develop a framework for analysis that will provide a coherent basis for future strategies and policies in this area. In order to address this issue, it is first necessary to acknowledge that climate change is just one of a number of phenomena and events contributing to the global permacrisis that causes stress and anxiety to the population. The second section of the paper presents a review of the relevant literature. Our aim is to determine whether it is appropriate to assess the risk perception in this context. Having conducted an assessment based on existing surveys, we will then draw conclusions on the essential elements of a framework for analysing climate change-related risks.
TRANSATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP – POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE NEW GEOSTRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
Authors: CIOATĂ Ilinca-Smaranda
Published: October 2024

Considering a series of events from the last ten years, politically and militarily relevant, International Relations scholars are questioning the robustness of the EuroAtlantic relations. However, such a cooperation, that started decades ago, does not end without serious consequences that can go beyond the area of the involved parties. The main assumption of this article is that, for the short term, no serious transformation – such as a division between the European and the American parties, be it political, military, or economic – can take place in the present security framework – without severe implications for the global order. However, in the longer term, the cooperation can find a rather independent European Union – thought not entirely, capable of defending itself and projecting its military power beyond its borders (European Parliament 2022, 1). For the purpose of this article, there will be analysed the relationship between the European Union and NATO, based on the latest strategic documents adopted in 2022 by the two organizations – EU’s Strategic Compass and NATO’s Strategic Concept, as well as the most recent Joint Declaration signed by the two partners in January 2023. The latter provides common responses to new challenges and joint efforts to promote an international environment based on stability and prosperity, and the condemnation of the actors who cause instability affecting peace and security. The overall objective is to present the ability of the two organisations to adapt to the new challenges and threats in order to achieve their common objectives. The expected outcome of the analysis is to position the Transatlantic Partnership as a fundamental element of stability in the transatlantic area through the implementation of agreed security and defence strategies and objectives.
EU-AFRICA PARTNERSHIP ON PEACE AND SECURITY: A QUEST FOR A STRATEGIC CULTURE?
Authors: DINCĂ Andreea
Published: October 2024

Amidst the complex, dynamic and highly relevant landscape of the European Union (EU) - Africa relations, the partnership on peace and security constitutes a pivotal aspect, with the EU being an active supporter and substantial funder of national, regional and continental initiatives within this domain. While the vast majority of current research and debates frame the EU-Africa partnership on peace and security within the context of global power competition, this article explores the potential explanatory role of the strategic culture approach on this topic. Therefore, it looks at the main events and trends influencing the partnership after 2022, assessing whether the EU’s security actions in Africa reflect a coherent strategic culture. The article concludes that the strategic culture framework helps understand European preferences, constraints and effectiveness regarding its security behaviour in Africa.
The Role of AI for Teaching Anatomy in Medicine
Authors: Pirovski Nikola
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this report is to systematize the role of artificial intelligence for the teaching of anatomy in medicine. Experience of teachers in using new technologies (Google Classroom, 3D atlases, WordPress, Facebook, Virtual Reality, etc.) in teaching human anatomy to students of various health specialties for the last 4 years is described. Currently available tools such as ChatGPT 4, Google Gemini, Microsoft Bing Copilot, are not designed for this purpose and fail to generate anatomically correct training images. This situation attends professional attention as well as needs some philosophical remarks on the problem. Popular directions for the development of AI technologies are video generators and editors, image and art generators, painting and drawing tools, writing tools and text generators, music and audio generators, face generators, avatar generators. The benefits and drawbacks of the introduction of artificial intelligence in the teaching of anatomy are discussed and the conclusion that there is a benefit and necessity of its practical inclusion in the pedagogical tools is substantiated.
Simulating Care and Empathy in Medicine – Can We Trust Artificial Agents
Authors: Georgieva Iva
Published: October 2024

The utilization of artificial agents in medicine becomes a foremost topic in research of recent medical advances. Moreover, to possibility to simulate adequate care and create the sense of empathy towards the patients, becomes a major question for research that would rather fall in the area of philosophy of medicine than in any other discipline as the very notion of empathy is a complex topic that is difficult to define in its natural concept boundaries, and furthermore in proposing the notion of artificial care and empathy. The question of whether we can define and simulate those would also help us answer a larger problem – can we trust artificial agents as aids or replacements of humans in the medical environment and healthcare in general.
Engagement and Work-Life Balance in Organizational Context
Authors: Naydenova Vihra , Nedeva-Atanasova Viktoriya , Haralampiev Kaloyan , Getova Antoaneta
Published: October 2024

The article presents a contemporary theoretical overview as well as empirical research from 2024 on two important topics for Bulgarian organizations: work-life balance and engagement. It examines the interrelationships between these two phenomena, as well as how and to what extent current workplace status influences them. The scientific empirical study was conducted among 432 employees from Bulgaria. The results of the correlation analysis showed a high positive correlation between the subscales of engagement: Vigor, Dedication, and Absorption (p<0.001). A positive, although weak, correlation was also found between work-life balance and engagement. The results indicated that managers and business owners have the highest level of engagement (p<0.001). The article also discusses approaches for increasing work engagement.
Exploring the impact of bioactive compounds on endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive individuals: a comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Cavararo Carollyne dos Santos , Pinho-Jr Jorge da Silva , Camacho Flávio Andrade , Brandão Thalita Vicente , Rocha Gabrielle de Souza , Medeiros Renata Frauches , Matos Andréa Cardoso de
Published: October 2024

Systemic Arterial Hypertension is considered the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is also associated with a pro-oxidative environment and endothelial alterations. The objective of this review was to evaluate the evidence available in the literature regarding the impact of resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin consumption on endothelial function in individuals with arterial hypertension. The search was conducted using the PICOS strategy across the following databases: Science Direct, Pubmed, Scielo, and Lilacs. The inclusion criteria comprised adults and the elderly of both sexes, with a body mass index above 18.5 kg/m², diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Resveratrol and quercetin were found to have a positive effect on the vascular endothelium by increasing flow-mediated dilation. Additionally, quercetin alone led to a reduction in blood pressure among hypertensive individuals. However, due to limitations in the available studies, it was not possible to reach a conclusive result regarding catechin. Further studies are needed to evaluate its effect. Therefore, including food sources rich in resveratrol and quercetin may prove beneficial for individuals with this chronic non-communicable disease.
Co-creation and urban transformation: the application of design thinking for participatory solutions in Rio Tavares, Florianópolis
Authors: Miranda Leonardo Monteiro de , Pereira Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Cities face increasingly complex challenges that demand innovative and collaborative solutions. The lack of participatory urban planning and the need for more humanized approaches have generated negative impacts on the quality of life, including the loss of cultural identity, inadequate urban mobility, and environmental damage. This article analyzes the application of Design Thinking, focusing on the immersion and analysis stages, within a participatory urban transformation process in the Rio Tavares neighborhood of Florianópolis, Brazil. This growing neighborhood faces challenges such as the lack of urban infrastructure and the need for preserving cultural and environmental heritage. This study investigates how Design Thinking can engage the community in identifying and understanding these problems, promoting empathy, and gaining a clear understanding of local needs. The research employed an experience report methodology with data collection through a participatory mural at two cultural events held in the neighborhood. The results revealed the main challenges faced by the neighborhood and highlighted the importance of citizen participation in the urban transformation process.
Water as a commodity: challenges and implications of the commercialization of a vital resource
Authors: Souza Acácio Silva de , Ferreira Patricia Garcia , Jesus Iva Souza de , Oliveira Rafael Portugal Rizzo Franco de , Carvalho Alcione Silva de , Futuro Debora Omena , Ferreira Vitor Francisco
Published: October 2024

Water, soil, and air are the planet’s natural capitals that have made life viable, and without them, biodiversity will disappear. The drought we are experiencing due to global warming puts everyone on alert to mitigate the risks to these vital common goods. Water is a resource in crisis due to scarcity, misuse, poor distribution to the most vulnerable populations, contamination, and pollution, but it still attracts the private sector's greed. Water privatization, distribution, and basic sanitation services have been touted as a panacea to solve urban problems. Several cities have followed the path of privatization, embracing neoliberal ideologies or using it as a lever to pay off state debts without considering social aspects. Studies demonstrating the positive or negative impacts of privatization are still rare. The objective of this conceptual work was to analyze trends in water management service providers around the world. The methodology was based on works published in journals and online. There has been a trend towards privatization. However, many cities have chosen to go in the opposite direction by municipalizing their water supply and sanitation services.
The bibliometric survey of the valuation of environmental and heritage resources
Authors: Santos Aline Ribeiro dos , Siqueira Thays , Vila-Verde Giuliana Muniz , Castro Joana D’arc Bardella
Published: October 2024

Natural resources are essential for the development of capitalist societies, and for a long time, there was a belief that, due to their abundance and the false notion that they were inexhaustible, the scientific production concerning the limits of their use was neglected. Environmental valuation emerges as a tool to assign economic value to natural resources and ecosystem services, facilitating financial compensation for their degradation and encouraging sustainable practices. This article analyzes the methods of environmental and heritage valuation, focusing on scientific publications between 2012 and 2022, using data from CAPES and BDTD. The research employs keywords to identify and analyze relevant publications, offering a comprehensive overview of techniques and trends in the field.
Effect of seasonal shift on the proximate nutritional composition of some plant materials from the aquaponics farming
Authors: Ibrahim Labaran
Published: October 2024

This study intends to evaluate the variations of the proximate nutritional makers of some plant samples [red chili (RCH) fruit, red tomato (RTO) fruit, green spinach (GSP) leaf, and green lettuce (GLE) leaf] from aquaponics farming in relation to seasons. The research was carried out for the duration of four (4) periods (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). The proximate nutritional parameters determined were total moisture (TMO), crude ash (CAS), crude fibre (CFI), total carbohydrate (TCA), and soluble protein (SPR). The CAS, CFI, TCA, and SPR levels of the RCH, RTO, GSP, and GLE plant materials are significantly (P<0.05) difference among seasons. The CAS, CFI, TCA, and SPR amounts of each experimental plant materials increases significantly (P<0.05) in the summer in comparison to winter, spring, and autumn. However, the TMO content of above plant samples was detected to increase significantly (P<0.05) in the winter season. The findings of this research indicated that shifts in the seasonal factors such as temperature, solar intensity, and daylight length have revealed differences in the proximate nutritional indices of the study plant materials from aquaponics farming
The impact of climate change on hazelnut cultivation
Authors: Ahmadov Ayhan
Published: October 2024

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivation faces substantial challenges in the wake of climate change. This review synthesizes findings from various studies to examine the impacts of climate change on hazelnut cultivation, strategies for mitigating these impacts, and the potential role of hazelnut orchards as carbon sinks. I discuss the physiological responses of hazelnut trees to changing climatic conditions, explore management strategies to enhance resilience and productivity, and evaluate the carbon sequestration potential of hazelnut orchards. Additionally, I assess the role of fertilization, irrigation, and other agricultural practices in shaping hazelnut growth and yield under shifting climate scenarios. By integrating sustainable agricultural practices and leveraging precision agriculture technologies, hazelnut growers can improve environmental sustainability and economic viability. This review provides comprehensive insights and practical recommendations for sustaining hazelnut production in the face of climate change
Explanation of morphological and biochemical diversity of autochthonous grapes grown in Türkiye (Kelkit Basin) using multivariate analysis
Authors: Sümbül Ahmet , Yıldız Ercan
Published: October 2024

Grapes are widely grown around the world thanks to their different uses and nutritional importance. The demand for grapes is changing day by day in line with consumer preferences. This situation reveals the importance of identifying and protecting autochthonous grape varieties. This study was carried out to evaluate the morphological and biochemical characteristics of a previously unexplored autochthonous grape (Vitis vinifera) population using multivariate analyses. Morphological and biochemical characteristics were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis based on Ward's method. In the study, bunch weight varied between 71.67 g and 554.17 g, berry weight varied between 1.54 g and 10.98 g, and the number of seeds in berries varied between 0.00 and 3.50. Among the biochemical properties, total antioxidant content varied between 10.12% and 91.75%, total phenolic content varied between 123.77 mg 100 g-1 and 664.58 mg 100 g-1, total flavonoid content varied between 16.48 mg 100 g-1 and 270.92 mg 100 g-1 and total anthocyanin content varied between 3.35 mg 100 g-1 and 74.42 mg 100 g-1. The coefficient of variation (CV) among the characteristics examined ranged from 5.16% to 102.58%. As a result of PCA, the first two components explained 43.43% of the variation. The autochthonous grapes examined were divided into two main groups with different sub-clusters as a result of hierarchical clustering analysis. As a result of multivariate analysis, was detected significant variation among autochthonous grapes. The variations obtained show that the germplasm examined will be a valuable genetic resource for future grape breeding.
Prioritizing Success Factors for Start-ups in Indonesia Using the Best Worst Method (BWM)
Authors: Safitri Yulita Dwi , Pebriana Rina , Suasri Eni
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of Indonesia’s start-up ecosystem presents both opportunities and challenges for new ventures striving for sustainability and competitiveness. This study applies the Best Worst Method (BWM) to prioritize key success factors for start-ups in Indonesia, providing a structured framework for decision-making. Six critical factors were evaluated: access to funding, innovation capability, market competition, regulatory environment, talent acquisition, and scalability potential. Through pairwise comparisons, this research identifies access to funding as the most critical factor, while scalability potential is considered the least influential in determining start-up success. The findings offer valuable insights for entrepreneurs, investors, and policy-makers, highlighting areas where targeted support can enhance the growth and sustainability of start-ups. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on start-up development in emerging economies by providing a decision-making tool to guide strategic priorities within Indonesia’s dynamic entrepreneurial landscape.
Evaluating Budget Functions for Effective Revenue and Expenditure Planning in Hulu River South District
Authors: Hikmahwati  , Nadhilah Gina , Nikmah Nailiya
Published: October 2024

The public sector budget has a function as a local financial management planning tool. BPKPD district of Hulu River South is an institution that carries out the duties of the local government in the planning of the regional budget. This study is aimed at finding out the application of budget functions as a tool for planning income and expenditure in the BPKPD district of Hulu River South. This study uses a method of quantitative research using a descriptive approach. The study uses three types of measurement analysis to find out the use of budget function as a planning tool, namely, the process of budgeting, the level of effectiveness of budget income, and the degree of efficiency as well as deviations in budget expenditures. The income budget effectiveness rate for 2022 reached 118.60% (more than 100%) with the category of highly effective, coming from three types of regional income. First, Regional Real Income with an efficiency ratio of 87.51% belongs to the effective category. Second, Transfer income with an effectiveness rate of 119.82% belonging to the highly efficient category. The calculation of the expenditure efficiency ratio showed less efficient access, with a ratio of 93.06%. Operations purchases obtained a rate of 75.92% in the efficient category. Capital purchases gained access to efficiency ratios of 91.41%, including the less effective category. Unexpected expenditures reached the rate of efficiency of 17.92%, in the highly efficient categories. Lastly, the transfer spending sector has an efficiency rate of 99.81% in the less efficient category. Secondly, the calculation of the variance analysis in the regional spending sector shows that the entire account in the local spending area has more variance. No spending account has a budget deficit as a result of the realization or achievement of greater income than estimated. The deviation that occurs on the entire account of the shopping sector is favorable.