bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERIEKSTRAK METANOL KULIT PISANG HIJAU LUMUT (Musa x paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli SERTA IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWAMETABOLIT SEKUNDER
Authors: Rita W. S. , Yanti L. E. , Gunawan I W. G.
Published: April 2022

Kulit Pisang Hijau Lumut (Musa x paradisiaca L.) merupakan limbah organik yang masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi  Bunuh Minimum (KBM) ekstrak metanol Kulit Pisang Hijau Lumut terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli, serta mengetahui golongan senyawa metabolit sekundernya. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi, uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode sumur difusi agar, dan skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi pendeteksi wagner dan mayer untuk alkaloid, pereaksi Lieberman-Burchard untuk steroid/terpenoid, MgHCl untuk flavonoid, FeCl3 untuk fenol, dan HCl untuk saponin. Maserasi 1kg kulit pisang hijau menghasilkan ekstrak kental metanol sebanyak 83,45 gram. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol memiliki nilai KHM sebesar 8% dan KBM sebesar 10% terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan KHM sebesar 10% serta KBM sebesar 20% terhadap bakteri E.coli. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid dan terpenoid.

Kata kunci: antibakteri, Escherichia coli, kulit pisang, Staphylococcus aureus,  uji fitokimia.

Hijau lumut banana peels (Musa x paradisiaca L.) are organic waste that is still not widely used. This study aimed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of methanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as the secondary metabolite compounds. Extractions were done by maceration methods, antibacterial activity assay was carried out by agar well diffusion method, and phytochemical screening was performed using secondary metabolite detection reagents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/terpenoids, phenols, and saponins. Maceration of 1kg of the banana peels produced 83.45 grams of crude methanol extract. The activity assays of methanol extract indicated that the MIC and MBC against S.aureus was 8% and 10%, while against E. coli was 10% and 20%, respectively. The result of phytochemical screening showed that the banana peels were positive for alkaloids, fenols, flavonoids dan terpenoids.

Keywords : antibacterial, Escherichia coli, hijau lumut banana peels, phytochemically test, Staphylococcus aureus.
KANDUNGAN LOGAM TOTAL Fe DAN Cr AIR LAUT SERTA SPESIASI DAN BIOAVAILABILITASNYA PADA SEDIMEN DI KAWASAN PELABUHAN CELUKAN BAWANG
Authors: Suastuti N. G. A. M. D. A. , Dewi I. G. A. K. S. P. , Derisa R. M.
Published: April 2022

Pelabuhan Celukan Bawang merupakan salah satu pelabuhan yang terletak di Kabupaten Buleleng Bali dengan aktivitas transportasi kapal bongkar muat barang yang cukup padat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan logam total Fe dan Cr pada air laut dan sedimen serta masing-masing fraksi logam Fe dan Cr sehingga dapat ditentukan bioavailabilitasnya. Spesiasi dan bioavailabilitas pada sedimen dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi sekuensial kemudian dianalisis menggunakan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Hasil penelitian dengan metode kurva kalibrasi menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam total pada kelima lokasi dalam air laut untuk logam Fe dan Cr yaitu berkisar antara 0,3593 - 2,7026 mg/L dan 0,0294 - 0,1277 mg/L, sedangkan kandungan logam total pada sedimen untuk Fe dan Cr berkisar antara 20644,733 - 24434,875 mg/kg dan 12,2023 - 24,9072 mg/kg. Hasil spesiasi logam Fe didominasi oleh fraksi non-bioavailable yaitu 80,06 - 86,47 % sedangkan fraksi bioavailable yaitu fraksi EFLE 0,01 - 0,16 %, fraksi tereduksi asam 14,07 - 19,08 %, fraksi organik sulfida 0,67 % - 1,18 %. Logam Cr fraksi bioavailable yaitu fraksi EFLE 25,12 - 34,00 %, fraksi tereduksi asam 27,50 - 37,11 %, fraksi organik sulfida 19,54 - 28,83 % sedangkan fraksi non-bioavailable 8,70 - 26,44 %. Persentase bioavailabilitas logam Fe dan Cr masing-masing sebesar 13,53 - 19,94 % dan 73,56 - 91,30 %.

Kata kunci: air laut, bioavailabilitas, Cr, Fe, sedimen, spesiasi.

Celukan Bawang Port is one of the ports located in the Buleleng Bali with the activity of the transport ship unloading fairly crowded. This research aimed to determine the total content of heavy metals iron and chromium in seawater and sediment, and metal fractions and bioavailability. Speciation and bioavailability of sediment were determined by sequential extraction method and then analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the research with the calibration curve method show that the total metal content at all five locations in seawater for metal Fe and Cr is ranging between 0.3593-2.7026 mg/L and 0.0294-0.1277 mg/L, while the total metal content on sediment for Fe and Cr ranges between 20644.733-24434.875 mg/kg and 12.2023-24.9072 mg/kg. The result of the speciation of Fe metal is dominated by a non-bioavailable fraction of 80.06-86.47% while the bioavailable fraction of the EFLE of 0.01-0.16%, acid reduced fraction 14.07-19.08%, sulfide organic fraction 0.67%-1.18%. Cr metal fraction bioavailable is EFLE fraction 25.12-34.00%, acid reduced fraction of 27.50-37.11%, sulfide organic fraction 19.54-28.83% while the non-bioavailable fraction is 8.70-26.44%. The percentage of metals bioavailability of Fe and Cr respectively amounted 13.53-19.94% and 73.56-91.30%. 

Keywords: bioavailability, Cr, Fe, seawater, sediment speciation.
BIOAVAILABILITAS LOGAM Fe DAN Ca DALAM TANAH PERTANIAN SERTA KANDUNGAN LOGAMNYA DALAM TANAMAN BAYAM DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI
Authors: Siaka I M. , Rupadewi P. A. , Suarya P.
Published: April 2022

Penggunaan pupuk kandang sapi pada tanah pertanian dapat memperbaiki kondisi tanah tersebut, terutama meningkatkan kesuburannya. Disamping sebagai penyubur tanah, pupuk kandang tersebut dapat sebagai pengikat logam berat dan menurunkan bioavailabilitas logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk kandang terhadap bioavailabilitas Fe dan Ca serta kandungannya dalam tanaman bayam. Metode ekstraksi bertahap dan digesti basah digunakan untuk mengekstraksi logam tersebut dari tanah dan tanaman bayam. Instrumen AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) digunakan untuk mengukur konsentrasi logam yang terekstraksi tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, diperoleh bahwa pola penyebaran spesies logam Fe dan Ca sebelum penanaman dan saat panen sama. Logam Fe didominasi oleh spesies resistant sedangkan logam Ca didominasi oleh spesies bioavailable. Kandungan logam dalam tanaman bayam yang tanpa dan penambahan pupuk kandang sapi berturut turut 2.844,627 ± 28,139 mg/kg dan 2.469,281± 16,779 mg/kg  untuk Fe sedangkan, 31.657,305 ± 699,147 mg/kg dan 41.515,559 ± 754,808 mg/kg untuk Ca. Penambahan pupuk kandang sapi pada tanah pertanian mampu meningkatkan kandungan logam Fe dan Ca dalam tanaman bayam, dan juga meningkatkan logam Fe dan Ca yang bioavailable.

Kata Kunci: bioavailabilitas,  Ca, Fe, logam, pupuk kandang sapi.

The use of cow manure on agricultural soil can improve the condition of the soil, especially increasing its fertility. Apart from being a soil fertilizer, manure can act as a heavy metals binder and reduce their bioavailabilities. This study aimed to determine the effect of manure on the bioavailability of Fe and Ca and their contents in spinach plants. The sequential extraction and wet digestion methods were used to extract the metals from the soil and spinach plants. An AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) instrument was applied to measure the concentration of the extracted metals. In this study, it was found that the distribution patterns of Fe and Ca metals species before planting and at harvesting were the same.  Fe metal was dominated by resistant species, while Ca metal was dominated by bioavailable species. The content of those metals in spinach plants without and the addition of cow manure were 2,844.627 ± 28.139 mg/kg and 2,469.281 ± 16.779 mg/kg for Fe while, 31,657.305 ± 699.147 mg/kg and 41,515.559 ± 754.808 mg/kg for Ca, respectively. The addition of cow manure to the agricultural soils could increase the contents of Fe and Ca metals in spinach plants, and also increased the bioavailable of those metals

Keywords: bioavailability, Ca, cow manure, Fe, metals
THE INFLUENCE OF KCL CONCENTRATION ON ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY OF YACON-TUBERS EXTRACT’S CHLOROGENIC ACID
Authors: Oktaviyanti S. , Sanjaya I G. M.
Published: April 2022

Enkapsulasi asam klorogenat ekstrak umbi yakon merupakan salah satu cara untuk melindungi senyawa-senyawa aktif menggunakan paduan polimer alam kappa karagenan-locust bean gum dengan penggunaan ion K+ sebagai pengikat matriks melalui metode gelasi ionik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembentukan gel dari kappa karagenan dan locust bean gum dengan bantuan larutan KCl. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan KCl pada pembentukan gel serta efektifitas enkapsulasinya. Bertambahnya konsentrasi larutan KCl juga membuat gel menjadi lebih kaku. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan larutan KCl 0,3M dapat menghasilkan nilai efisiensi enkapsulasi sebesar 79,44%. Kemiripan spektra IR antara gel kappa karagenan-locust bean gum, asam klorogenat murni dan asam klorogenat terenkapsulasi menunjukkan bahwa asam klorogenat hanya terperangkap secara fisik dalam matriks kappa karagenan-locust bean gum dan perubahan spektra karakteristik dari kappa karagenan dari 1018 cm-1 menjadi 1023,62 cm-1 pada sampel hasil enkapsulasi menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara gugus OH dari locust bean gum dan kappa karagenan.

Kata kunci: asam klorogenat; enkapsulasi; kappa karagenan, locust bean gum, Yakon

The encapsulation of chlorogenic acid of yacon tuber extract is one way to protect the active compounds using naturals polymers kappa carrageenan-locust bean gum with K+ ions as a matrix binder through the ionic gelation method. This process was carried out by forming a gel from kappa carrageenan and locust bean gum with the help of KCl solution. This encapsulation process has purposes to determine the effect of the concentration of KCl solution on gel formation and the effectiveness of its encapsulation. The test results indicated that the use of 0.3M KCl solution resulted in an encapsulation efficiency value of 79.44%. The bonding between the two polymers and the K+ cation was thought to result in a higher encapsulation effectiveness. The similarity of IR spectra among kappa carrageenan-locust bean gum gel, pure chlorogenic acid and encapsulated chlorogenic acid showed that chlorogenic acid was only trapped physically in the kappa carrageenan-locust bean gum matrix and the shift of kappa carrageenan peak from 1018 cm-1 to 1023,62 cm-1 of the encapsulated sample had shown an interaction between OH groups from locust bean gum and kappa carrageenan.

Keywords: chlorogenic acid; encapsulation; kappa carrageenan, locust bean gum, Yacon
EFEK EKSTRAK GLIKOSIDA FLAVONOID BUAH TERONG BELANDA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE DAN KADAR MALONDIALDEHID PADA JARINGAN HATI TIKUS WISTAR DI BAWAH KONDISI STRES
Authors: Asih I. A. R. A. , Pramantha A. A. N. G. W. , Santi S. R.
Published: April 2022

Senyawa kimia yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuh-tumbuhan semakin banyak dieksploitasi dan diteliti sebagai bahan obat-obatan. Terong belanda merupakan tanaman yang termasuk ke dalam keluarga Solanaceae, yang kaya nutrisi serta bermanfaat untuk membantu metabolisme seperti meningkatkan imunitas tubuh sehingga dapat mencegah stres oksidatif karena kandungan glikosida flavonoidnya. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi. Analisis in vivo menggunakan rancangan randomized post-test only control group design dengan 24 ekor tikus Wistar sebagai hewan uji. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan, dan diberikan  ekstrak dengan dosis  50 mg/kgBB setelah perenangan selama 90 menit. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak glikosida flavonoid mampu mengobati stres oksidatif dengan menurunkan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) sebesar 14,71% lebih rendah dan meningkatkan aktivitas superoksida dismutase (SOD) sebesar 53,47% lebih tinggi pada jaringan hati tikus di bawah kondisi stres dibandingkan tanpa diberikan ekstrak glikosida secara signifikan (p<0,05).

Kata kunci : MDA, SOD, Solanum betaceum Cav, tikus Wistar

Chemical compounds produced by plants have been increasingly exploited and researched as medicinal ingredients. Terong belanda is a plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family, which is rich in nutrients and beneficial for supporting metabolism, such as increasing the body's immunity so that it can prevent oxidative stress, because it contains flavonoid glycoside. Extraction was done by maceration and fractionation. In vivo analysis used a randomized post-test only control group design with 24 Wistar rats as test animals. The test animals were divided into four treatment groups and given the glycoside extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW after swimming for 90 minutes. The results showed that the administration of flavonoid glycoside extract was able to treat oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 14.71% lower and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 53.47% higher of the rat liver tissue under stress conditions than the one without significantly given the extract (p <0.05).

Keywords  : MDA, SOD, Solanum betaceum Cav, Wistar rat
PEMODELAN KOMPUTASI KOMPONEN CIS DAN TRANS METIL OLEAT DALAM BIODIESEL YANG DISINTESIS DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Hasby H. , Nurhafidhah N. , Pamungkas G.
Published: April 2022

Biodiesel adalah senyawa Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) yang dapat disintesis dari minyak nabati, seperti minyak sawit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh metil oleat sebagai komponen dominan FAME terhadap kualitas biodiesel yang disintesis dari minyak kelapa sawit berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan komputasi. Metode sintesis biodiesel meliputi pengujian kadar FFA, proses esterifikasi, dan proses transesterifikasi. Selanjutnya persentase kandungan metil oleat ditentukan dengan menggunakan GC-MS (Chromatography Gas-Massa Spectroscopy). Metode komputasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah DFT/B3LYP/6-31G dengan melakukan optimasi parameter geometris, analisis energi HOMO-LUMO dan energi gap terhadap molekul cis dan trans metil oleat. Hasil sintesis biodiesel pada pengujian kadar FFA dari minyak sawit adalah sebesar 4,022%, sehingga harus dilanjutkan dengan tahap esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi. Biodiesel berwarna kuning keemasan beraroma khas minyak sawit, merupakan produk dari penelitian ini. Pengujian kualitas biodiesel didapatkan hasil pH 3, densitas 852 kg/m3, viskositas 5,9 Mm2/s, bilangan asam 0,28 mg-KOH/g dan titik nyala 1400C, yang telah memenuhi SNI 7028:2015. Hasil karakterisasi dengan menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa kandungan metil oleat sebesar 42,72%. Pengaruh keberadaan metil oleat dalam biodiesel tidak hanya meningkatkan kinerja suhu rendah biodiesel, tetapi juga berdampak positif pada stabilitas oksidasi biodiesel. Hasil komputasi menunjukkan bahwa celah energi (energi gap) untuk trans metil oleat dan cis metil oleat, masing-masing sebesar 6.18730069 eV dan 6.09342137 eV ini membuat trans metil oleat sedikit kurang stabil dan kemungkinan lebih reaktif di bandingkan molekul cis metil oleat.

Kata kunci: biodiesel, esterifikasi, studi komputasi, transesterifikasi.
COLON CANCER DRUG DEVELOPMENT STUDY OF ELAGIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: Jannah L. R. , Sanjaya I G. M.
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan obat kanker kolon dengan bahan baku senyawa asam Elagat dan turunannya menggunakan metode Hubungan Kuantitatif Struktur-aktivasi (HKSA) dan penambatan molekular. Deskriptor yang dipakai HKSA meliputi deskriptor elektronik, sterik, dan hidrofobik. Karakter dari masing-masing deskriptor dikomputasikan menggunakan software NWchem dan MarvinSketch dengan teori HF (Hartree-Fock). Penambatan molekul dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Autodock Tools dan Biovia. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa model persamaan terbaik HKSA senyawa bahan obat dari asam elagat dan turunanya adalah Log P = -7.103 + (-0.005*PSA) + (-0.729*MR) + (0.003*Volume) + (0.002*SA) + (-99.912*Homo) + (-38.893*Lumo)+ (-0.072*MD)+ (0.006*Eh) + (1.409*P) yang diperoleh untuk senyawa 2,3,7-trichloro-8-methoxychromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione. Hasil penambatan molekular tersebut memiliki energi ikat sebesar -9.94 kkal/mol dan konstanta inhibisinya 51,54 nM.

Kata kunci: asam elagat, HKSA, kanker kolon, penambatan molekular

This study aimed to develop a colon cancer drug with a raw material of ellagic acid and its derivatives using the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) method and molecular docking. The descriptors used in QSAR were electronic, steric, and hydrophobic descriptors. The characters of each descriptor were computed using NWchem and MarvinSketch software with the HF (Hartree-Fock ) theory. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock Tools and Biovia software. The results show that the best equation of QSAR model for medicinal compounds from ellagic acid and derivatives was Log P = -7.103 + (-0.005 * PSA) + (-0.729 * MR) + (0.003 * Volume) + (0.002 * SA) + (- 99,912 * Homo) + (-38,893 * Lumo) + (-0.072 * MD) + (0.006 * Eh) + (1.409 * P) obtained for 2,3,7-trichloro-8-methoxychromeno [5,4, 3-cde] chromene-5,10-dione compound. The result of molecular docking had a binding energy of -9.94 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 51.54 nM.

Keywords: colon cncer, ellagic acid, molecular docking, QSAR.
PENGARUH SUHU PENYIMPANAN AIR MINUM PADA BOTOL KEMASAN POLYCARBONATE (PC) YANG BEREDAR DI DAERAH GARUT TERHADAP KADAR BISPHENOL-A (BPA) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI ULTRAVIOLET
Authors: Lubis N. , Soni D. , Fuadi M. D. S.
Published: April 2022

Polikarbonat merupakan bahan sintesis hasil reaksi antara bisphenol-A (BPA) dengan phosgene (carbonyl dichloride/ COCl2). Bisphenol-A merupakan zat berbahaya yang dapat bermigrasi dari polikarbonat ke air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengambil sikap preventif atau pencegahan yaitu dengan menganalisis kadar bisphenol-A (BPA), yang dapat bermigrasi dari kemasan jenis polikarbonat ke dalam air, dengan menggunakan metode analisis spektrofotometri ultraviolet (UV). Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pada sampel botol polikarbonat yang disimpan pada suhu ruangan 23oC tidak mengandung bisphenol-A. Sedangkan pada sampel yang disimpan pada suhu paparan sinar matahari berkisar 30oC mengandung bisphenol-A BPC 2 A, BPC 2 B, dan BPC 2 C masing-masing 0,0257 ppm, 0,0211 ppm, dan 0,0234 ppm. Sampel yang ditambahkan air panas pada suhu 100oC mengandung bisphenol-A BPC 3 A, BPC 3 B, BPC 3 C, masing-masing 0,0468 ppm, 0,0495 ppm, dan 0,0445 ppm. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu memberikan pengaruh terhadap migrasi bisphenol-A pada kemasan botol polikarbonat ke air di dalamnya. Hasil kadar bisphenol-A pada sampel botol polikarbonat masih memenuhi syarat batas maksimal 0,6 ppm menurut Peraturan Kepala Badan POM. No HK.03.1.23.07.11.6664.

Kata kunci: bisphenol-A, polikarbonat, spektrofotometri UV.

Polycarbonate is a synthetic material resulting from a reaction between bisphenol-A (BPA) and phosgene (carbonyl dichloride/ COCl2). Bisphenol-A is a dangerous substance that can migrate from the polycarbonate into water. This study aimed to take a preventive action by analyzing the content of bisphenol-A (BPA), which could migrate from the polycarbonate packaging into the water, using ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. Based on the research conducted, for the sample of polycarbonate bottle stored at room temperature of 23?C, no bisphenol-A contained in the water. Meanwhile, for the samples stored under the sun exposure at temperature of about 30?C, the water contained bisphenol-A BPC 2 A, BPC 2 B, BPC 2 C of 0.0257 ppm, 0.0211 ppm and 0.0234 ppm respectively. Furthermore, for the samples added with hot water at a temperature of 100?C, the water consisted of bisphenol-A BPC 3 A, BPC 3 B, BPC 3 C of 0.0468 ppm, 0.0495 ppm, and 0.0445 ppm respectively. It could be concluded that the temperature influenced the migration of bisphenol-A from the polycarbonate bottles into the water stored in the bottles. The bisphenol-A levels in the sample of polycarbonate bottles still met the maximum limit of 0.6 ppm according to the Regulation Head of POM. No HK.03.1.23.07.11.6664.

Key words: bisphenol-A, polycarbonate, UV spectrophotometry.
REVIEW: POTENSI TANAMAN MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta ) SEBAGAI FITOREMEDIATOR
Authors: Sahara E.
Published: April 2022

Fitoremediasi adalah salah satu tehnik alternatif dalam usaha pemulihan lingkungan tanah, air maupun udara yang telah tercemar oleh berbagai macam polutan menggunakan tanaman hijau dalam keadaan hidup. Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai pemanfatan tanaman marigold spesies Tagetes erecta sebagai suatu fitoremediator. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan dan menelaah bahan review adalah studi literatur yang sistematis dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya researchgate, google schoolar, sciensedirect serta sumber lainnya. Dari telaah yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa tanaman Tagetes erecta dapat digunakan sebagai fitoremediator lingkungan yang tercemar berbagai macam polutan.

Kata kunci: fitoremediator, marigold, Tagetes erecta.

                    Phytoremediation is an alternative technique which is used to restore the soil, water as well as the air contaminated by heavy metals and other pollutants using live green plants. The purpose of the writing of this paper is to provide a comprehensive picture of the use of marigold plant species of Tagetes erecta as a phytoremediator. The method applied to collect and review the materials was a systematic literature study using various sources, including researchgate, google schoolar, sciencedirect and other sources. From the study carried out, it can be seen that Tagetes erecta can be used as a phytoremediator in an environment contaminated with various pollutants.

Keywords: marigold, phytoremediator, Tagetes erecta.
KARAKTERISASI GREEN SYNTHESIS NANOPARTIKEL EMAS (NPAu) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK AIR BIJI CENGKEH
Authors: Lestari G. A. D. , Cahyadi K. D. , Esati N. K. , Suprihatin I. E. , Ankamwar B.
Published: April 2022

Metode baru untuk mensintesis nanopartikel emas yaitu metode green synthesis adalah metode yang sangat ramah lingkungan, murah, mudah dilakukan dan menggunakan pelarut yang aman bagi lingkungan. Aplikasi NPAu bagi kehidupan sangat luas seperti antioksidan, antibakteri, biosensor, antikanker dan lain-lain sehingga para ilmuwan berlomba untuk mencoba mensintesis NPAu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis NPAu menggunakan prekursor HAuCl4 0,5 mM dan ekstrak air biji cengkeh 1%. Proses pembuatan NPAu ini dilakukan dengan mencampur larutan HAuCl4 dan ekstrak air biji cengkeh kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 40?C dan 80?C. Karakterisasi NPAu dilakukan dengan beberapa metode yaitu spektrofotometer UV-Vis dimana didapat ?maks dari NPAu 540 nm (40?C) dan 542 nm (80?C), particle size analyzer menunjukkan ukuran partikel terkecil dari NPAu 116,8 nm dan hasil dari SEM EDS menunjukkan bentuk morfologi dari nanopartikel emas ini berupa kristal bulat dengan kandungan utamanya adalah emas murni.

Kata kunci: biji cengkeh, green synthesis, karakterisasi, nanopartikel emas.

                  A new method to synthesize gold nanoparticles, namely the green synthesis method, is a method that is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, easy to do and uses solvents that are safe for the environment. The application of AuNPs for life is very wide, such as antioxidants, antibacterials, biosensors, anticancer and others, so scientists are competing to try to synthesize AuNPs. This study aims to synthesize AuNPs using 0.5 mM HAuCl4 precursor and 1% water extract of clove seeds. The process of making AuNPs is carried out by mixing HAuCl4 solution and water extract of clove seeds then heating it at 40 ?C and 80 ?C. The characterization of AuNPs was carried out by several methods, namely UV-Vis spectrophotometer where the maximum wavelengths of AuNPs were 540 nm (40?C) and 542 nm (80?C), particle size analyzer showed that the smallest particle size of the AuNPs was 116.8 nm and the SEM EDS results showed that the morphological shape of the gold nanoparticles was in the form of sprerical crystals with the main content being pure gold.

Keywords: characterization, clove seeds, gold nanoparticles, green synthesis.
Pengaruh Bahasa Pertama Terhadap Tindak Tutur Berbahasa Indonesia Siswa SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar
Authors: Indriani Sri , Suparwa I Nyoman , Putra Anak Agung Putu
Published: April 2022

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the first language used by students of SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar, knowing and describing Indonesian-speaking speech acts that were taught by SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar students, and knowing the effect of the first language on Indonesian-language acts of students of SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar. This research is a qualitative research using observation and interview methods in data collection. Research findings and analysis results show that the first languages used by SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar students are Balinese, Indonesian and Javanese. In addition, this study also found the influence of the first language in Indonesian language speech acts of SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar students both within the school environment and outside the school environment.
The Equivalent of the Translation Parables in the Bible
Authors: Taeki Sila Koa Maximus
Published: April 2022

In doing the translation, the translator should be able to retain the meaning in the target language to make an equivalent translation. According to Catford (1974: 50) translation equivalence occurs when a SL text and TL text of items are relatable to the same features of substance. He also states that the aim in total translation must, therefore, be to select TL equivalents not with the same meaning as the SL items, but with the greatest possible overlap of situational range. From that statement, it can be concluded that the translation is the process to transfer the same function by using the natural forms from SL into the TL. Generally, this article is focused on the analysis of the types of parables and their translation equivalents in the target language on the Bible. The figure of speech is the style of language used by the writer to convey the message imaginatively or as a glossary language used to create a certain effect and make alive literary works. Parables are part of the figure of speech. Parables are short stories taken from a natural state of life or a general state of life and illustrate moral or religious lessons. Nelson (1995) in Booth (2005) states that a parable is a short simple story designed to communicate spiritual truth, religious principle or moral lesson. The data of this research were obtained from the New Testament Holy Bible. The main theory applied is the theory from (Larson 1998) entitled Meaning Based Translation. And some books that are relevant to the topic of this paper. The result of this research shows that in the Gospels, the writer found two categories figure of speech that use by Jesus Christ in His preaching, they are the parables that use metaphor and the parables that use simile. The context of the parables is to describe the word of God and the truth of life that is the Kingdom of Heaven.
Struktur Semantis Verba “melaksanakan” dalam Bahasa Jawa Kuno
Authors: Sura Eka , Ratna Erawati Ni Ketut
Published: April 2022

This research article focuses in analyzing the semantic structure of the verb "doing" in literature work of old javanese languange.The data was collected from Old Javanese Languange literary works such as Adiparwa and lontar Bhuana kosa using the observation method and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed using distribution method. Distribution method was used to analyze semantic structure by using Natural Semantic Metalanguange (NSM) theory developed by Goddard and Wierzbicka (2014). The results shows that “doing” verb in Old Javanese Languange consists of verbs magawe, makirtya, nangun, makardi, makerti, and mayasa. Each verb had distinctive features that differentiate one verb to the others.
The Syntactic Strategies and Equivalence of English Non Finite Verbs Which Translated into Indonesian with Reference to National Geographic Magazine
Authors: Esti Ekarini Rahayu Ni Wayan , Sedeng I Nyoman , Mas Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut
Published: April 2022

In dealing with problems while translating, translators need to apply translation strategies. It involves finding equivalents which  are similar in meaning. The aims of this study are investigating and analyzing the syntactic strategies and equivalents of English non finite verbs which are translated into Indonesian.

This study employed descriptive qualitative method. The data are 130 complex sentences taken from two feature articles in National Geographic Magazines pulished in English and Indonesian on December 2018. The result of study shows that the syntactic strategies found are loan calque, transposition, phrase structure change, clause structure change, unit shift. and sentence structure change. In addition, formal equivalences are mostly found in translation, in comparison with the dynamic equivalences.  It can be concluded that the syntactic strategy is applied  by the translators to get natural translated text in TL by selecting linguistic equivalences without changing the meaning. The formal equivalence is  used when translators maintain the message by focusing on form and content. While dynamic equivalence is applied when the translator does  not maintain the form and content but focus more on  sense of translation by using natural equivalence which is closest in meaning and shows similar concept in TL.
Struktur Makna Ambiguitas Partikel ‘No’ dalam Percakapan Bahasa Jepang pada Siswa Level 1C di Pandan College
Authors: Intan Novitasari I Gusti Ayu Made , Widya Purnawati Ketut
Published: April 2022

This research aims to describe the ambiguity meaning structure of ‘no’ particle in Japanese conversation of level 1C students at Pandan College. This research belongs to qualitative descriptive. The subject of this research is 1C Level students of Pandan College year 2019, while the object of this research is ‘no’ particle used in student’s Japanese conversation. The data collection method used is the attentive observation method with data recording and transcription techniques. The data analysis method used is the interlingual identity method. The results of this research are : (1) the ‘no’ particle used in the Japanese conversation of level 1C students is divided into two structural patterns meaning ambiguity, there are prenominal double possessives and prenominal adjective-possessives; and (2) the possessive relations of the 'no' particle can be expressed as possession, part-whole, location, and quantity.
Sistem Transitivitas Dalam Teks Pidato Pelantikan Presiden Republik Indonesia Joko Widodo
Authors: Kusuma W Sri , Darma Laksana I Ketut
Published: April 2022

The study aims to determine the transitivity system in the Inaugural Speech of the President of the Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo. Transitivity studies relate to grammatical elements that can be used to reveal participants involved in an event. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data source of this research was obtained from the President Joko Widodo's Inauguration Speech Text for the 2014-2019 period which was downloaded through the site www.youtube.com. The theory used is the Functional Systemic Linguistic Theory (LSF) proposed by Halliday (1985). The method and data collection technique used is the method of referring to the note taking technique. The method of presenting the results of the analysis of the data used is a general method for applying the presentation of all forms of speech in research in the form of descriptions of words, phrases, groups of phrases, clauses, and texts. The results showed that the types of processes contained in the research data were material, mental, verbal, relational, and behavioral processes. Each process labels its participants. Circumstan which is present in this research data is in the form of time and situation circumferences.
Tindak Tutur Ibu Dan Anak Dalam Film Keluarga Susah Sinyal
Authors: Ayu Aprilia Gayatri Ni Made , Sosiowati IGAG
Published: April 2022

This article aims to find out the types and functions of speech acts of mother and child contained in the family movie with the title Susah Sinyal. This study uses a qualitative approach. The method of data collection used is the method of listening with a free and involved way of reading and note taking techniques. The data source in this study is in the form of speech by mother and child in the family movie with the title Susah Sinyal. The results showed that mother and child speech acts in the family movie with the title Susah Sinyal can be classified based on the type and function of speech acts. In terms of the types of speech acts that are found include: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. Meanwhile, in terms of speech act functions found include: assertive, directive, expressive, commissive and declarative.
Analisis Pengaruh Pengetahuan Struktur Kalimat Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Membaca Mahasiswa Universitas Merdeka Malang
Authors: Ulla A.J Nasikhatul , Khasanah Ismatul , Khasanah Ismatul
Published: April 2022

Reading literacy in Indonesia has been very low, and factors contributing to low literacy have not been resolved. This study aims to analyze the relationship of sentence structure knowledge in reading literacy skill (1), the contribution of sentence structure knowledge in reading literacy skill (2). This study employed mixed method design of quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative design was used to address reaseach purpose 1 and 2 particularly using correlations and regression analyses to explain the relationship.

                           

Participants of this study were53 students of the Merdeka University of Malang. Data were collected from Indonesian Language Proficiency Test (Ujian Kemahiran Berbahasa Indonesia/UKBI) and a reading interest questionnaire completed byparticipants.

 This study revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between sentence structure knowledge and reading skills, r=.294, p = .034. The contribution of sentence structure knowledge accounted for 8,6% of reading literacy variance. This study provides support for Indonesian teachers and tutor to develop students’ Indonesia sentence structure knowledge and to arouse their reading interests.
Translation Procedures of Political Terms in Book Entitled A Magic Gecko: Cia’s Role Behind the Fall of Soekarno
Authors: Dwi Jayanthi Ni Made , Seri Malini Ni luh Nyoman
Published: April 2022

This research intends to investigate the translation procedures of political terms of a book entitled A Magic Gecko: CIA’S Role behind the Fall of Soekarno written by Geerken (2009) and translated by Adiati (2011). The data was collected by observation and note-taking techniques. Political terms in the forms of words, phrases,and expression are the data in this article which was then analyzed through qualitative research method. The grand theory proposed by Newmark (1988) was applied to analyze procedures of translation of the book. The findings show that there were eight out of eighteen translation procedures applied in translating political terms in the book Magic Gecko. The translation procedures were literal translation, transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalent, through-translation, shift, reduction and expansion, and couplet
Struktur Semantis Verba Psikologi Bahasa Mandailing
Authors: Daulay Pengabdi , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: April 2022

This study describes the semantic structure of BM's mental predicate in the verb subcategory as the subject of experience and the verb as object of experience. As for the background of this writing, remember that the mental predicate or psychological verb includes a verb that has a very complicated semantic component mapping and requires the right strategy to avoid mistakes in limiting the meaning of the lexical items being analyzed. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Research data in the form of mental verbs sourced from Mandailing Language (BM). Then the data are analyzed using prefreshation techniques to identify lexical items that intuitively include mental predicate. The results showed that the mean of cognition verbs ‘malamun’ and ‘mangangankon’  was formed from THINKING the polishemic TELLING and THINKING the polishemic HAPPENING, the meaning of knowledge verb ‘mamboto’ and ‘ingot’ was formed from KNOWING the polishemic TELLING, the meaning emotion verb ‘mabiar’ an ‘manyolop’  was formed from FEELING polishemic THINKING, the meaning of perception verb ‘manyirik’ and ‘manatap’ was formed from SEEING the polishemis FEELING, SEEING the polishemic TELLING
Penerapan Taksonomi Bloom pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Di Kelas 2 SD Bali Kiddy
Authors: Nita Dewi Ni Kadek , Suparwa I Nyoman , Putra Anak Agung Putu
Published: April 2022

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the operational verbs used in language learning in 2nd grade at Bali Kiddy Primary School, knowing and describing verb learning strategies in language learning in 2nd grade at Bali Kiddy Primary School and knowing the relationship of using the operational verbs with Bloom’s Taxonomy in language learning in 2nd grade at Bali Kiddy Primary School. This research is a qualitative research using observation and interview methods in data collection. Research findings and analysis results show that there are 51 operational verbs used in language learning in grade 2 at Bali Kiddy Primary School which are categorized into two categories of verb according to Shopen Theory; 46 verbs classified as action verb and 5 verbs classified as process verb, as well as the verb learning strategies which are used in language learning in 2nd grade at Bali Kiddy Primary School varies greatly. In addition, this study also found the relationship between the used of operational verbs in language learning in 2nd grade at Bali Kiddy Primary School with Bloom’s Taxonomy. Overall, it was found that operational verbs in language learning was classified three cognitive categories namely C1 (remember) with examples of operational verbs menulis and membaca, C2 (understand) with examples of operational verbs memahami and menginterpretasi and also C3 (apply) with the example of operational verbs menggunakan and menyelesaikan.
The Mapping of Meaning Components of Phrases about Plants in Indonesian and English Translation
Authors: Wedhana C I Gede krisna , Rajeg I Made , Sudipa I Nengah
Published: April 2022

This research aims at finding the types of procedures applied in translating Indonesian plant phrases into English, as well as analyzing the mapping of meaning components of the phrases from the source language to the target language. The data source is a bilingual biology textbook for senior high school students. The data in this study are in the form of two-word noun phrases about plants. Data were collected using observation method, random sampling method, and note-taking technique. The data were analyzed by using theories of translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet and Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The result showed that the types of translation procedures applied are transposition and literal translation. The meaning components of the phrases of the source language are mostly transferred to the target language.
Bahasa Using di Desa Serut Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Darojatin Elok , Sariono Agus , Salikin Hairus
Published: April 2022

This study described the maintenance of Using language in Serut village, Panti, Jember regency and the factors influencing the situation of language  maintenance. This study included into the qualitative study. The data in this study were the written and spoken information. This study used ethnographic communication approach which was the data collection works into two steps, they were observation and in-depth interview. The data analysis in this study was divided into three parts: data reduction, data presentation, and pulling the conclusion. The conclusions of this study were the condition of Using language maintenance in Desa Serut, Kecamatan Panti, Kabupaten Jember categorized as high. The older age speaker was, the higher Using language maintenance speaker would be. In contrast, the younger age speaker was, the lower maintenance speaker would be. The speaker in the lower social class has a high Using language maintenance rather than a high social class. The factors that affected it were 1). The force of national language, 2). The inheritance of the language, 3). The interlanguage contact, 4). The interethnic marriage, and 5). The acknowledge of identity.
Penerapan Metode Pengajaran Bahasa Situasional (PBS) Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Arik Aryawathi Si Luh Putu , Sutjiati Beratha Ni Luh , Dhanawaty Ni Made
Published: April 2022

This article aims to describe the vocabulary mastery of training participants at the Dhyana Pura Tourism Education and Training Center, PPLP, in the front office before and after the implementation of the Situational Language Teaching (SLT) method. This article used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, especially concurrent mixed methods with experimental design in the form of Intact - Group Comparison. The sample selection used nonprobability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. The quantitative analysis results show that in the pretest phase, the mean vocabulary mastery of the training participants at PPLP before the implementation of the SLT method only reached the E predicate (failed) with a value of 27 from a maximum value of 100 with a success rate of 26.80% for the experimental class and a score of 25 with a success rate of 24.50% for the control class. After the treatment, the results of the posttest proved that there was an increase in the average vocabulary mastery of training participants in the experimental class by 58.63% with a posttest mean score of 85 (85.43%), predicate A (very good). Whereas in the control class that was not subject to action, the increase was very small, only 15.97% with a mean posttest score of 40 (40.47%), predicate D (less). The SLT method is very effective and efficient to assist the learning process in the classroom because training participants can be trained to find, place and use vocabulary according to the context practically through the conversations that have been made.
Pilihan Bahasa Bali pada Komunitas Usia Muda di Kelurahan Monjok Barat Kecamatan Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Oktarini Putu , Dhananwaty Ni Made , Suryati Ni Made
Published: April 2022

The study, entitled “Selection of Balinese language in Young People community Monjok Barat Village,  Selaparang District, Nusa Tenggara  Barat” is explained how to the speech selection of Balinese language in young people community Monjok  Barat village in choosing the language to interact  with  domain  different people  in  a variety  of  interest that exits.

The research aims at describing  the  language choosing the speech Bali community. The  theories used in this study are speech community theory stated language choice of theory by Fasold .  Source of data obtained from  the speech at  the event said in the family realm, social realm, employment realm, religious  realm, art  realm. The technique  used to process the data that refer to the  method  and  competent method. Data analysis  used to process the data that distribusional method or agih method and padan method. The technique and method presentation of  analysis result used to formal method and informal method.

 The research finds the occurrence selection of language in 5 realm are family realm, social realm, religious realm, employment realm and art realm. Selection of language used  by young people  have difference in each realm.  The  selection of  language used by generation of young people uses Indonesian language more  than Balinese language,
The Violation of Cooperative Principle In the Kindaichi Shonen No Jikenbo 20’th Anniversary Series Comic Vol.1
Authors: Diah Padmawati Made , Sosiowati I G.A.G.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the violation types of cooperative principle in the utterance between characters in the dialogue of Kindaichi Shonen No Jikenzbo 20th Series Comic Vol.1. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are in the form of utterances between characters in the dialogue of Kindaichi Shonen No Jikenbo 20th Series Comic Vol.1. The method used to collect the data is observation method which refers to the tapping and note-taking techniques. The method used to analyze the data is pragmatic analysis method with heuristic technique. The result showed that there were four violation types of cooperative principle including: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance or relation and maxim of manner in the Kindaichi Shonen No Jikenbo 20th Series Comic Vol.1. The most frequently flouted maxim in the utterance between characters in the dialogue of Kindaichi Shonen No Jikenbo 20th Series Comic Vol.1 was maxim of quality. This indicates that the characters in the Kindaichi Shonen No Jikenbo 20th Series Comic Vol.1 often say something that is still doubtful. On the other hand, related to the three violations of maxims, it was found that the same number of violations occurred between maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner.
Foreignization and Domestication Ideology of Indonesian Cultural Terms in Janda Dari Jirah Translated into English
Authors: Cindy Aprilia Dewi Putu , Sudipa I Nengah , Made Puspani Ida Ayu
Published: April 2022

This study aims to identify and analyze the categories, translation methods, and translation ideology of Indonesian cultural terms in the novel Janda Dari Jirah translated into The Widow of Jirah. The method of collecting the data in this study was observation, meanwhile descriptive qualitative method was applied in analyzing the data. The theories of cultural categories, translation methods, and translation ideology were used to analyze the data. There are five categories of cultural terms found in the novel. Moreover, the translation methods applied by the translators were word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation, free translation, and idiomatic translation. With regards to the translation ideology, foreignization was more dominantly applied than domestication.
Analysis on the Syntax and Semantics of Get and Dapatkan
Authors: Putri Astariani Putu Sandra , Udayana I Nyoman
Published: April 2022

This study aims at contrasting get and dapatkan covering the structure, syntactic valence, and semantic parameters. Get is analysed along with its synonym make, find, become, and understand as well as dapatkan, represented by mendapatkan, and its synonyms mencapai, menerima, menemukan, and mengambil. Dapatkan needs to transform into mendapatkan to express formality and is more frequently used than dapatkan. By using distributional and identity methods and applying the theory of verbs and their satellites and semantic parameter, this study reveals that the structures only influence the differences of the verbs’ syntactic valence whereas the meanings contribute to the similarities and differences of the verbs semantic parameters. In terms of valence get can be monovalent (S+v+AD), make is trivalent (S+v+AD+PO), find is bivalent (S+v+O), become is bivalent (S+v+ND), and understand is monovalent (S+v). Indonesian verbs, mendapatkan, mencapai, menerima, menemukan, and mengambil are all bivalent with the basic construction S+v+O. The semantic aspects are analysed by applying transitivity parameters and this is affected by the meaning and status of the verb, either state or action. Get and its synonyms show lower transitivity than dapatkan, which is represented by mendapatkan, with its synonym. The verbs presenting low degree of transitivity are get, make, find, become, understand, menerima, and menemukan, whereas the high transitivity is shown by the verbs mendapatkan, mencapai, and mengambil.