bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habilidades sociales en los planes de formación ciudadana de escuelas de las provincias de Concepción y Arauco, región del Biobío-Chile
Authors: Araneda Machmar Javiera Isidora , Montre Águila Víctor
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar el desarrollo curricular de las habilidades sociales en los planes de Formación Ciudadana de escuelas de la provincia de Concepción y Arauco en la región del Biobío. La metodología del estudio fue mixta, desde la perspectiva cualitativa se utilizó un diseño hermenéutico a través de la técnica de investigación documental; cuantitativamente, el diseño es no experimental de tipo descriptivo y transversal. La muestra del estudio son los 29 planes de formación ciudadana de escuelas pertenecientes a la región del Biobío; se utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia e intencionado. Los planes fueron tratados con la técnica de análisis de contenido y descripción univariada de las variables educativas y sociodemográficas. Los resultados del estudio evidencian que la mayoría de las escuelas promueve entre 4 a 5 habilidades sociales a través de sus planes de formación ciudadana. Además, existen diferencias entre las habilidades sociales desarrolladas entre establecimientos subvencionados y municipales, provincia de Arauco y Concepción, y zona urbana y rural.
Análisis de los procesos adaptativos en estudiantes migrantes de postgrado de una Universidad pública del sur de Chile
Authors: Guevara Torres Odaly Ivette , Alfaro Urrutia Jorge Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Chile es uno de los países de Latinoamérica que más ha visto incrementado su flujo de estudiantes provenientes de otros países (Vásquez-De Kartzow, Castillo-Duran y Lera, 2015). La reciente implementación de una política para estudiantes migrantes aprobada por el Ministerio de Educación Chileno (MINEDUC, 2018) da cuenta de un terreno incipiente en el cual resulta interesante analizar los procesos de adaptación académica de estudiantes extranjeros/as de postgrado de una universidad pública del sur de Chile. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso cualitativo en el cual se entrevistó a 7 estudiantes extranjeros y a 3 de sus docentes de postgrado. Los resultados dan cuenta de múltiples factores pedagógicos y externos, los cuales, permeados por la cultura, influyen positiva o negativamente en el proceso de aprendizaje. Se concluye que, a pesar de las similitudes idiomáticas, los y las estudiantes migrantes enfrentan una serie de barreras relacionadas con las variantes lingüísticas y relacionales que pueden hacerlos/las vivir procesos de asimilación o aislamiento cultural. El fortalecimiento de las prácticas institucionales es la principal recomendación para una mayor inclusión.
Retos del desempeño docente en el siglo XXI: una visión del caso peruano
Authors: Esquerre Ramos Lucía Angélica , Pérez Azahuanche Manuel Ángel
Published: July 2021

La tarea docente siempre ha sido motivo de preocupación y discusión entre las personas encargadas de las políticas educativas en los diversos países del orbe, lo que ha generado, en las últimas décadas, propuestas respecto a los criterios e indicadores que permitan evaluar si la práctica docente es o no la adecuada, y si responde a las exigencias del nuevo siglo. El presente artículo analiza, desde una mirada holística, el desempeño docente en el contexto de la sociedad actual; se fundamenta en la revisión de las bases de las normativas internacionales y nacionales, que precisan criterios sobre el valor de la educación y el rol del personal docente; las principales teorías y enfoques pedagógicos; las concepciones sobre el desempeño docente y los diversos indicadores que permiten su evaluación, con la finalidad de arribar a una propuesta de perfil de la persona docente del siglo XXI. Se basa en una revisión sistemática, apoyada en el uso del protocolo Prisma para seleccionar investigaciones publicadas en los últimos diez años en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo y Redalyc. Para el análisis de los estudios seleccionados se consideraron objetivos, resultados y, principalmente, las propuestas que plantean perfiles y criterios del desempeño docente para el presente siglo. Entre los principales hallazgos se evidencia la necesidad de que el personal docente sea capaz de analizar y adecuar su práctica pedagógica en función de las necesidades del contexto, que emprenda e innove permanentemente con la implementación adecuada de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación, y que se preocupe por desarrollar aprendizajes que beneficien el desarrollo social. Las políticas educativas desarrolladas en diversos países para favorecer la práctica docente, emiten normas para un óptimo desenvolvimiento en las aulas y una participación más allá de ellas, tanto a nivel institucional como social, responden a esta necesidad. Para el caso peruano, a través de los dominios establecidos en el Marco del Buen Desempeño Docente que, para efectos de evaluación solo considera el desempeño en el aula y que es necesario modificar, incorporando entre otros criterios, la competencia digital de manera prioritaria.
Experiências durante a internação de um recém-nascido prematuro em terapia intensiva
Authors: Santana Lais Da Silva , Silva Gabriela Santos , Santana Laís Da Silva , Christoffel Marialda Moreira , Carmona Elenice Valentim , Passos Silvia Da Silva Santos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Compreender a experiência do pai e da família ampliada durante a hospitalização do recém-nascido prematuro em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada em uma maternidade pública de grande porte na cidade de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram gravadas em áudio e, posteriormente, analisados segundo a Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: A partir das falas de 16 participantes, foram desveladas quatro categorias temáticas: Uma experiência inicialmente marcada pelo sofrimento; uma experiência difícil na rotina da família; buscando se fortalecer ao longo da experiência e sentindo-se mais tranquilos ao longo da experiência. Conclusão: a experiência foi marcada por alterações impactantes em domínios de funcionamento familiar, considerando aspectos cognitivos, afetivos e comportamentais, demonstrando a necessidade de cuidado que contemple de forma intencional a família no contexto pesquisado, bem como implementação e acompanhamento da abordagem recomendada pelo cuidado centrado no recém-nascido e sua família.
Impactos emocionais e fisiológicos do isolamento durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Dos Santos Daiane Silva , Silva Pedro Herculano Santos , Dos Santos Úrsula Pérsia Paulo , De Souza Tatiana , Ferreira Marcela Santos , Silva Júlio César Santos
Published: July 2021

RESUMO

 
Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar os impactos emocionais e fisiológicos do distanciamento social durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Participaram 238 indivíduos de ambos os sexos e de diferentes faixas etárias que estavam em isolamento social durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário. Resultados: Dos participantes 65,5% (n= 156) eram do sexo feminino e 33,3% (n= 80) masculino. Nas emoções, 73,1% dos participantes concordaram que sentiam-se frequentemente desconfortáveis por causa do isolamento, 66% ansiosos/agitados, 66,8% dos participante irritados/estressados e 66.7% tristes/indispostos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os participantes tenderam a apresentar alterações emocionais em suas rotinas, sendo nocivas à sua saúde como um todo. Os aspectos emocionais e fisiológicos do distanciamento social durante a pandemia da COVID-19 possuem potencial significativo para impactar diretamente na saúde física e mental dos indivíduos.
Perfil de pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva de adultos de um município paraibano
Authors: Castro Maria Larissa Miranda de , Almeida Francisca Das Chagas Alves de , Amorim Ericka Holmes , Carvalho Ana Izabel Lopes Cunha de , Costa Caroline Cardoso da , Cruz Ronny Anderson de Oliveira
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: investigar o perfil dos pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital da Paraíba, Brasil. Método: estudo retrospectivo, documental, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital geral. A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para determinar a frequência e o teste do qui-quadrado para comparação. Resultados: De uma amostra de 461 pacientes, houve maior frequência na faixa etária entre 71 e 80 anos, 50,8% mulheres, 43,4% procedentes de emergência e diagnósticos relacionados a doenças cardiovasculares com 28%. Quanto à evolução, 45,3% tiveram alta hospitalar, 52% faleceram, 2% foram transferidos e 0,7% permaneceram na Unidade. Destes, 71,1% não apresentaram lesões por pressão na internação. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva são idosos, com comorbidades, com equivalência de gênero. Ressalta-se que as informações adquiridas no estudo podem contribuir para a educação assistencial, financeira e permanente no planejamento do serviço.
Awareness drives changes in reward value which predict eating behavior change: Probing reinforcement learning using experience sampling from mobile mindfulness training for maladaptive eating
Authors: Taylor Véronique A. , Moseley Isabelle , Sun Shufang , Smith Ryan , Roy Alexandra , Ludwig Vera U. , Brewer Judson A.
Published: July 2021

Background and aims

Maladaptive eating habits are a major cause of obesity and weight-related illness. The development of empirically-based approaches, such as mindfulness training (MT) that target accurate mechanisms of action to address these behaviors is therefore critical. Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of MT on maladaptive eating and determine the involvement of reinforcement learning mechanisms underlying these effects.

Methods

In Study1, maladaptive eating behaviors were assessed using self-report questionnaires at baseline and 8 weeks after an app-based MT intervention (n= 46). A novel mindful eating craving tool was embedded in our intervention to assess: eating behaviors (intake frequency/magnitude), and reward (contentment ratings) experienced after eating. Using a well-established reinforcement learning (Rescorla-Wagner) model, expected reward values (EV) were estimated as a function of contentment levels reported after eating. In Study2 (n= 1,119), craving tool assessments were examined in an independent sample using the app in a real-world naturalistic context.

Results

Study 1's results revealed a significant decrease in EV and eating behaviors across craving tool uses. In addition, changes in reward values predicted decreases in eating behaviors. Finally, Study 1's results revealed significant pre-post intervention reductions in self-reported eating behaviors. In Study2, we observed a significant decrease in EV, but not in eating behaviors, across craving tool uses. Study 2 also revealed a predictive relationship between EV and eating behaviors.

Discussion and conclusions

These results support the implementation of MT to prevent and treat maladaptive eating behaviors, which target reinforcement learning processes as mechanisms of action.
Environmental Aspects of Dental Implantation in a Large Industrial Center (On the Example of Volgograd)
Authors: Lyzo Tatyana , Korchagina Anastasia , Krylova Anna
Published: July 2021

Dental implantation is a method widely used in dental practice, based on the process of osseointegration – the formation of a strong connection between the inserted implant and the bone tissue. The use of these implants has a number of problems with the osseointegration process associated primarily with the development of pathogenic microflora and possible damage. To combat these difficulties, various materials are being developed for coating implants with the addition of bioactive elements, which reduce the possibility of infection by pathogenic microorganisms, as well as increase strength, improve osseointegration and biocompatibility of implants with bone tissue. The most effective coatings at the moment are hydroxyapatite and calcium triphosphate, using such bioactive elements as growth factors and components of the bone matrix, as well as chitosan, silver and gold salts. When using dental implants, monitoring of osseointegration is necessary to minimize bone loss, and fluoroscopy is the most suitable method for this. The state of the environment has a strong impact on the health of citizens. Volgograd has a high level of environmental pollution, which directly affects the frequency of diseases, including diseases of the oral cavity and teeth. According to the statistics of people visiting dental hospitals, the values in the Krasnoarmeyskiy region exceed, while the number of implants installed per year in this region is low and amounts to 1500, while in the Voroshilovskiy region, with the number of patients being half as much, the number of implants is more than 1000 all associated with the increased use of surgical services for the extraction of teeth in the area.
Key words: dental implantation, osseointegration, ecology, environmental pollution, health level.
State and Problems in Organization of Socio-Legal Work with Children in Primary Care
Authors: Chicherin Leonid P. , Albitsky Valery Yu. , Shchepin Vladimir O.
Published: July 2021

We have studied the state of legal protection of children, adolescents, and families with children in the Russian Federation in case of their medical and social problems. There are some “scissors” between large number of federal warranties in healthcare and child rights field and practical implementation of organizational and methodological support for socio-legal work at outpatient level. The role of social patronage as a method of early identification of families with children who falls on hard times is shown. Guidelines on optimization of socio-legal help for children at the outpatient level are presented.
Aplicativo de Dispositivo Móvel como Estratégia de Acesso à Informação no Contexto de Promoção e Educação em Saúde
Authors: Sona Lincoln , Bueno Rovana Kinas , Bueno Jeferson Rafael , Studzinski Ana Lupe Motta , Ebling Sandra Beatris Diniz , Evaldt Rita de Cassia Fossati Silveira
Published: July 2021

A informação em saúde contribui para o conhecimento, a diminuição da vulnerabilidade e o empoderamento do usuário. As tecnologias de informação em saúde atuam de forma inovadora como fomentadoras do conhecimento. Os aplicativos móveis somam tecnologia e praticidade como ferramentas de universalização da saúde. Este artigo objetiva apresentar um aplicativo móvel como estratégia de acesso à informação no contexto da promoção e educação em saúde. O Aplicativo da Saúde de Uruguaiana (App SAU) é intuitivo, com ícones representativos e informações adquiridas com os profissionais de saúde do município e em fontes oficiais, organizadas com linguagem de fácil compreensão e com simplificação de termos técnicos. Oferece informações sobre os serviços públicos de saúde e onde se localizam no mapa do município; informações e orientações confiáveis e atualizadas sobre COVID-19 e campanhas de saúde; e disponibiliza vídeos de saúde, jogos educativos para crianças e telefones úteis. O aplicativo, ao prover diversas informações de saúde à comunidade, atua em favor do Sistema Único de Saúde, da promoção e educação em saúde, além de suscitar novas discussões sobre acesso e disseminação de informações de saúde acessíveis que ultrapassam sua atuação local.
Load simulation and substantiation of design values of a pin flexible coupling with a flexible disk-type element
Authors: Melezhik R. S. , Vlasenko D. A.
Published: July 2021

In the process of operation of present-day mechanical equipment, dynamic loads arise, leading to the failure of parts, assemblies and mechanisms and, thus, reducing the equipment life time and operational reliability. A method has been developed for calculating the design and technological values of a pin flexible coupling with a flexible disk-type element, using the method of central compositional rotatable uniform planning of the second order and the finite-element method for calculating stresses using a computer-aided design system. The analytical dependence of the torque on the PCD (pin (centers of holes for pin) circle diameter) and the width of the flexible element with certain physical and mechanical properties was substantiated, on the basis of which the formula for the total width of the flexible disk-type element was obtained, taking into account the value of the required torque and the given PCD. In order to check the obtained dependence of the nominal torque, an additional study of couplings with the given PCD was carried out at different total width of the flexible element. The implemented research allowed determining the influence of the design characteristic values on the transmitted torque of a pin flexible coupling with a flexible disk-type element. A standard-size range of couplings with certain design and technological values has been proposed.
Conservation status of the Georgia Blind Salamander (Eurycea wallacei) from the Floridan Aquifer of Florida and Georgia
Authors: Fenolio Danté B. , Niemiller Matthew L. , Levy Michael G. , Martinez Benjamin
Published: July 2021

The Georgia Blind Salamander (Eurycea wallacei) is a poorly understood stygobitic plethodontid salamander found in the Floridan Aquifer of Florida and Georgia, USA. Its distribution is poorly delimited and little information is available on the ecology and life history of the species. We summarize existing information on the Georgia Blind Salamander and report new findings with regard to distribution, conservation status, and aspects of its ecology and life history from recent surveys in Florida and Georgia, including anecdotal observations made by local cave divers. We also  present data on the prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and discuss potential measures and challenges involved in conservation. Georgia Blind Salamanders are known from at least 35 localities within five United States Geological Survey (USGS) HUC8 watersheds in Florida and Georgia, all within the groundwater of the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Some populations may be large, as cave divers have observed >100 salamanders in a single dive at three localities and reported densities up to 10 salamanders per square meter. We confirm through direct observation that the Dougherty Plain Cave Crayfish (Cambarus cryptodytes) is a predator of E. wallacei. Although we found no evidence that any populations of the Georgia Blind Salamander have been infected by amphibian chytrid fungus, clear threats remain and include: (1) An “at risk” ranking by USGS of the Floridian Aquifer for contamination; (2) overharvesting of groundwater; (3) the presence of an emergent infectious amphibian disease in surface amphibians in the region (e.g., amphibian chytrid fun- gus); and (4) a lack of data on the basic biology and ecology of the species. We recommend the following conservation actions: (1) Better regulations and improved methods for retaining pesticide and fertilizer contaminants on the surface; (2) regulatory review of agricultural crops grown in the region and the establishment of systems and crops that do not require center pivot irrigation; (3) regular monitoring for disease across the range of the species; and (4) establishment of multiple assurance colonies such that captive specimens genetically represent at least half of the known populations.
The Bushmasters (Lachesis spp.): Queens of the rainforest
Authors: Barrio-Amorós Cesar L. , Corrales Greivin , Rodríguez Sylvia , Culebras Jaime , Dwyer Quetzal , Flores Diego Alejandro
Published: July 2021

We herein provide an overview of the bushmasters (Lachesis spp.), the longest vipers in the world. Weaddress taxonomy, distribution, etymology, lore, natural history (reproduction, defense, behavior, activity, prey andpredators), and, for the first time, conservation issues, suggesting that Lachesis melanocephala is a Critically Endangeredspecies under IUCN criteria.
Reflexiones sobre el problema de la verdad, la ciencia y la tecnología y sus implicaciones en el campo educativo
Authors: López Morocho Luis Rodolfo
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo central realizar una cartografía del estado actual de la filosofíaen función de comprender el debate vigente sobre la verdad, el conocimiento y la ciencia en un mundo signado por la tecnología y sus correspondientes implicaciones en la educación. En este sentido, usando el método genealógico, se analiza la emergencia del concepto ‘tecnología’ en función de identificar las condiciones de posibilidad tanto históricas como conceptuales que permiten apreciar cómo la aplicación y consolidación de la moderna ciencia motivaron una ruptura en lo que hasta entonces se conocerá como técnica para dar lugar a la denominada tecnología en la actualidad. De este modo, la relación de la tecnología y el ser humano es analizada bajo la confrontación de dos ópticas opuestas, por un lado, se tomarán las reflexiones realizadas por Heidegger y, por otro, las planteadas por Ortega y Gasset con el objeto de visibilizar la disputa de la visión de la tecnología. Los frutos de este debate permitirán apreciar las implicaciones de la revolución tecnológica y científica en la  educación considerando sus límites y posibilidades. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra que la ciencia moderna impactó directamente en la consolidación de la tecnología frente a la tradicional técnica bajo criterios positivistas que han monopolizado el concepto y conocimiento de la verdad, dejando de lado otros ámbitos como el arte, la política o el amor. Esto ha desembocado en un crecimiento de posiciones relativistas culturales. Estos aspectos han marcado el mundo contemporáneo con un impacto radical en el campo educativo.
Alain Badiou y la educación como proceso de subjetivación a través de verdades
Authors: García Puchades Wenceslao
Published: July 2021

El siguiente texto pretende dar a conocer qué puede aportar la obra del filósofo francés Alain Badiou en el debate acerca de la situación actual de la educación.  Para ello haremos una lectura de su obra en clave propedéutica. Nuestra tesis de partida es que dicha obra puede leerse como un proyecto de recuperación de la filosofía entendida como una educación a través de verdades. Para ubicar esta tesis en el debate educativo contemporáneo utilizaremos la teoría elaborada por Gert Biesta, quien ha construido en las últimas décadas un sistema de pensamiento que ofrece un marco teórico con el que fundamentar propuestas educativas alternativas a las tendencias individualistas, funcionales, mediadoras y controlables del modelo neoliberal dominante. Para Biesta, la educación ha sufrido un proceso de aprendificación, que prioriza sus funciones socializadora y cualificadora y olvida su función subjetivadora. El texto argumentará en qué medida el modelo de educación propuesto por Badiou contribuye a recuperar la función subjetivadora de la educación. La educación como proceso de subjetivación a través de verdades ofrecería a los docentes la posibilidad de fomentar experiencias educativas que interrumpan el carácter individualista, funcional, mediador y controlado del modelo educativo hegemónico. El texto reivindica mayor influencia del pensamiento de Alain Badiou dentro de la pedagogía crítica a la hora de fundamentar propuestas educativas acordes a modelos docentes más democráticos y cooperativos.
Fundamentación ontológica del mundo virtual a partir de la filosofía de Nicolaï Hartmann
Authors: Molina D'Jesús Alvaro Alberto
Published: July 2021

En el siguiente artículo se presenta una investigación filosófica acerca de la conformación ontológica delmundo virtual. Esta es un aporte teórico al debate contemporáneo de la filosofía de la computación sobrela caracterización ontológica de la computación digital y sus productos emergentes, ya que se propone unaaproximación a este campo de estudio desde la perspectiva filosófica de Nicolaï Hartmann. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es explicar la estratificación del mundo virtual a partir de la teoría ontológica de estratos y categorías de Hartmann. Para cumplir con este objetivo se procedió a una revisión crítica del estado de la cuestión de la ontología filosófica de la virtualidad. Luego se procedió a presentar una propuesta de estratificación y categorización denominada ‘La fábrica del mundo virtual’ que es una ontología hermenéutica de la virtualidad digital basada en los postulados de Hartmann. Las principales conclusiones alcanzadas son: i) La emergencia de la realidad del mundo virtual se encuentra constituida de los mismos estratos que conforman la esfera del conocimiento del mundo real: material, orgánico, psíquico y social. ii) La realidad virtual es un producto de la computación que ocurre en la esfera del conocimiento en el que existe intervención de la esfera ideal y de la esfera del mundo real.
Factors bolstering the implementation of environment and sustainability education: A South African case study
Authors: HEBE Headman
Published: July 2021

Scholars, globally, acknowledge environment and sustainability education (ESE) as a key vehicle towards addressing the myriad of environmental challenges. This paper is premised on empirical evidence which succinctly points to the dearth of literature that focuses on the implementation of ESE in the realm of early childhood education (ECE). The approach adopted for this inquiry is a multiple-embedded case study, underpinned by an interpretivist qualitative research paradigm which focussed on four institutions enlisted for investigation. One-on-one interviews, participant observations and document analysis were used for data generation while thematic and domain analyses were used for data interpretation. The findings of this inquiry suggest that there are numerous factors that support the teaching of ESE. The researcher asserts that the findings highlighted in this paper corroborate those of numerous studies conducted elsewhere in the world. However, based on the findings, the researcher also notes and can thus conclusively aver that there is a dearth of research that focuses on enablers of ESE. Furthermore, the researcher recommends that more research be conduct which focuses on the investigation of the factors that support the environment-inclined pedagogy.
Early mobilization for acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol v4
Authors: Okamura Masatsugu , Kataoka Yuki , Taito Shunsuke , Fujiwara Takashi , Ide Atsushi , Oritsu Hideyuki , Shimizu Masashi , Shimizu Yoshitaka , Someya Ryoko , Konishi Masaaki
Published: July 2021

Background Early mobilization for inpatient acute heart failure has been applied in clinical practice, but there is no consensus on the specific timing, efficacy, and safety of its initiation. For patients with heart failure, exercise therapy when their condition has stabilized has been shown to improve quality of life and reduce readmission rates. Although scoping reviews have been reported on early mobilization after acute myocardial infarction, no systematic review of early mobilization in patients with heart failure who are older and have a higher rate of multiple disabilities and physical deterioration than those with myocardial infarction has been reported, and its definition, efficacy, and safety have not been fully clarified. In heart failure, physical functions such as grip strength and activity of daily living (ADL) have been found to be associated with distant outcomes such as readmission rates and mortality, and early mobilization for acute heart failure, initiated to prevent physical conditioning and decline in ADLs, can contribute to these outcomes. Purpose The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping review and systematic review of early mobilization for hospitalized heart failure to clarify its current definition and to evaluate its effectiveness and safety. Method and analysis [Part 1] Scoping review of early mobilization for heart failure (clinical definition) The purpose of our scoping review is to clarify current clinical definition of early mobilization for acute heart failure. We describe this protocol that follows the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement. We also use the scoping review framework by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) following five stages approach: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. [Part 2] Systematic review and meta-analysis of early mobilization for acute heart failure Based on the scoping review above, we will design PICO and conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of early mobilization for acute heart failure. We used a systematic review protocol template (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.biqrkdv6). We followed the Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 for preparing this protocol. Ethics and dissemination In this systematic review, only data from previously conducted studies will be analyzed. We will publish this systematic review in peer-reviewed journals.
Liberdade decisória do médico e compreensão pelo paciente: o dever recíproco de informação como pressuposto fundamental
Authors: Araújo Ana Thereza Meirelles , Fernandes Lyellen Silva
Published: July 2021

Objective: this research seeks to investigate, through a bibliographic analysis, an importance of the act of informing at the heart of the doctor-patient relationship, considering that this duty is directed to both parties: both health professionals and patients. Methodology: a predominantly bibliographic research was conducted, which aimed to interpret as social, normative and moral categories in order to reach a conclusion, showing a qualitative approach. Results: the duty of information is presupposed to the exercise of autonomy. Conclusion: the patient has the right to have contact with all relevant data available so that he can freely and consciously decide, as well as the doctor also has the right to be provided with all information related to the history of the disease experienced by the patient.
Podemos falar de segurança do paciente durante uma pandemia? Uma experiência portuguesa
Authors: Ferreira Catarina Isabel Gomes Mendes , Diniz Ana Cristina de Almeida Marinho , Bordalo Idalina Maria Santos Vieira Lisboa , Leitão Maria João Lage de Sousa , Ramos Susana Maria Sardinha Vieira
Published: July 2021

Objective: to enumerate governmental and public health measures implemented in Portugal resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic and describe the work of the Patient Safety Office of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central (CHULC), a national reference in the response to the situation of public health emergency. Methods: normative, documentary analysis was used as a method, in addition to case reports by action research. Results: in Portugal, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were documented on March 2, 2020. Assistance processes are managed by the Ministry of Health and the General Directorate of Health, covering the National Health System (universal) and the private sector. The CHULC Patient Safety Office, participated in the redefinition of processes, creation of alternative information routes between the various structures, implementation of innovations in the use of technologies and clinical surveillance, management of protective equipment, motivation and emotional support from professionals and consolidating the main patient safety goals (eg patient identification, medication and safe surgery). Learning from mistakes contributes to the continuous improvement of processes. Conclusion: In Portugal and in the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has not ended. We understand that it is time to reflect and return to the basic principles of safety, such as hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette and environmental control. In the management of risk and safety of patients in crisis situations, it is necessary, more than ever, to innovate and learn from mistakes.
The Phenomenon of Leading without Guidebook: Educational Leadership Practices of Philippine School Principals in Virulent COVID-19 Times
Authors: Cahapay Michael B.
Published: July 2021

The school principals play a pivotal role in leading educational institutions. Their lived experience as educational leaders in the context of a virulent crisis, however, is largely unexplored. This paper sought to discover the essence of educational leadership practices of school principals in the context of the current COVID-19 crisis. Following phenomenology as a research design, the researcher explored the world of six Filipino school principals through interview procedures. The analysis method developed by Colaizzi (1978) was used. The results revealed six emerging themes of educational leadership practices during a crisis as follows: 1.) navigating the crisis with adaptive leadership; 2.) cultivating practices in crisis management; 3.) managing through the machine; 4.) freezing the standards and patterns; 5.) promoting inclusivity in the new normal, and 6.) caring first for what is essential. These themes form the basis of the description and structure of the phenomenon offered at the end of the paper. Considering the present scarcity of knowledge on how school principals respond in times of crisis, this paper provides insights into educational leadership practices within the context of the COVID-19 situation
Depressive symptoms in elderly people participating in University of the Third Age and residents of Nursing Homes: the role of optimism and acceptance of passing
Authors: Idczak-Paceś Edyta , Kabat Adrian , Krzywik Adrianna , Nowakowska Iwona
Published: July 2021

The elderly age group needs particular support in preventing development of depressive symptoms, among others, due to the prospect of passing. This group is heterogenous in terms of characteristics of ways of spending leisure time, which, as an important aspect of everyday life affecting the quality of interpersonal relationships and well-being, might be related to the level of their depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to find out whether participation in University of Third Age (UTA; leisure time spending directed at personal development) activities versus being a Nursing Home resident (NH; leisure time spending, directed at compensation of difficulties associated to the aging process) may differentiate elderly people in terms of the level of depression taking into account their optimism and acceptance of passing. The study was paper-pencil questionnaire-based, conducted on a sample of people above the age of 59: participants of UTA (N=48) and NH (N=54). In the UTA group, consistently for all levels of acceptance of passing, the higher the level of optimism, the lower the depressive symptoms. However, for the NH group, the higher the acceptance of passing, the lower the role of optimism in predicting depressive symptoms.
Fascial-sheath regional anesthesia for operations on the anterior abdominal wall and abdominal organs
Authors: Bespalov Evgenii K. , Zaitsev Andrey Y. , Svetlov Vsevolod A. , Vyzhigina Margarita A.
Published: July 2021

The use of central segmental blockades (spinal and epidural) is associated with a large number of contraindications and complications including life-threatening. The combination of general anesthesia with opioids is associated with a slow recovery of the gastrointestinal tract and other side effects of their systemic application. Therefore the search for alternative methods of pain relief in the context of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols is becoming an increasingly relevant research topicn. Relative to central blocks, the fascial sheath block of peripheral nerves under ultrasound guidance is a technically simple and safe technique. This article provides a brief overview of the main blocks used for anesthesia of the anterior abdominal wall.
Effect of regional anesthesia as a component of multimodal pain relief on the cognitive status of patients in ophthalmic surgery
Authors: Dorofeeva Ganna S. , Kobelyatskyy Yuriy Yu.
Published: July 2021

This article examines and analyzes the dependence of the state of the central nervous system (CNS) in the postoperative period in patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis of cognitive status was performed using neuropsychological testing involving the scale of frontal dysfunctions (Frontal Assessment BatteryFAB) and a short scale for assessing mental status (Mini-Mental State ExaminationMMSE). The results were assessed on the eve of the operation, 6 h after the operation, and 7 and 21 days after the operation. Depending on the applied method of anesthesia, several groups were identified. In group d, general anesthesia (OA) was used with dexmedetomidine infusion 40 min before surgery. In group b (before surgery), a wing-palatine fossa block was performed 20 min, in addition to general anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with sevofluraneoxygen mixture at a low gas flow. The groups were statistically comparable in terms of age and gender. The depth of anesthesia and sedation was assessed using the bispectral index and analgesia nociception index, respectively.
RESULTS: According to the results of testing on the MMSE and FAB scales, the cognitive indicators in the first 6 h after surgery were higher in group d than in group b. However, by day 21, these indicators differed slightly (p 0.05). Thus, the following tendencies were observed in group b 6 h after the operation: a decrease in indicators on the MMSE scale by 20.8% and on the FAB scale by 28.6% from the initial level. For group d, the indicators on the MMSE scale were reduced by 8.3%, and those on the FAB scale were reduced by 13.3% at the same stage of the study. When testing on the same scales 21 days after surgery, the indicators of cognitive functions were restored to the initial level in both groups.
CONCLUSION: The levels of cognitive functions of ophthalmic surgical patients after surgery involving regional anesthesia and dexmedetomidine differed significantly in the first hours of the postoperative period. After 21 days, the neuropsychological status did not differ significantly (p 0.05).
(in)debida fundamentación de la queja ante el Comité de Derechos Humanos. Una mirada desde los Estados Latinoamericanos
Authors: González-Serrano Andrés , Castro-Londoño Katherine
Published: July 2021

El artículo tiene como objetivo general describir las reglas sobre debida fundamentación establecidas por el Comité de Derechos Humanos en sus decisiones de admisibilidad y en relación con comunicaciones contra Estados Latinoamericanos que le han conferido competencia. El resultado se consigue mediante el desarrollo de una investigación cualitativa, básica y jurídica, que utiliza el método analítico deductivo e inductivo, y centra su análisis en la práctica internacional del Comité, obteniendo como resultado que se está ante una indebida fundamentación, cuando el autor de la queja se ciña en presentar alegaciones genéricas; y que se está ante una suficiente sustentación cuando las alegaciones del autor explican la violación del derecho consagrado en el Pacto y estén acompañadas de un marco fáctico y jurídico pertinente y/o un buen material probatorio. Por último, se tiene que el Comité ha podido examinar la debida o indebida fundamentación de 20 de los 22 derechos consagrados en el Pacto.
Aplicabilidad de la justicia transicional. Experiencia en el conflicto colombiano y ruandés
Authors: Caro-Benítez Melissa J. , Alarcón-Lora Andrés Antonio
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo aborda, a través de una metodología analítico-descriptiva, el tema de la implementación de la justicia transicional en los conflictos colombiano y ruandés, con el fin de evidenciar las experiencias positivas derivadas de la aplicación de este mecanismo en otros contextos del ámbito internacional. Esto, de cara a los desafíos que se han presentado dentro del aparato interinstitucional del Estado colombiano con la implementación desde el 2011 de este tipo de justicia. Nuestro análisis se divide en tres capítulos: en el primero, se desarrolla una aproximación teórica a la conceptualización del mecanismo de justicia transicional; en el segundo, se expone cómo se ha aplicado la justicia transicional en Colombia, y en el tercero, se analiza el desarrollo del conflicto ruandés y los medios implementados en ese país para reparar los derechos de las víctimas del mismo.
Pensamiento estratégico: una vista desde el rombo filosófico de Bédard
Authors: Del Rio-Cortina Abel , Martin-León Mirian Consuelo , Diaz-Plaza Víctor , Machado-Licona Jhorquis
Published: July 2021

El pensamiento estratégico ha evolucionado en el ámbito de los negocios, aportes de grandes figuras como Porter, Miles & Snow, Mintzberg, han hechos contribuciones significativas y han redefinido las ventajas competitivas, las superaciones de obstáculos y el cambio para lograr y mantener posiciones en el mercado. Bajo este contexto, se propone una revisión analítica en donde se exponen los aportes de los autores mencionados anteriormente desde la óptica del rombo filosófico de Renée Bédard, que permite la identificación, selección e implementación de la estrategia organizacional y la incidencia de la epistemología, la praxeología, la ontología y la axiología en esta, tomando en cuenta como objetivo final la relación de la estrategia con el portafolio de bienes y servicios de las organizaciones. Los hallazgos más significativos se encuentran vinculados a la obtención de una visión holística de la estrategia organizacional, centrada en las conductas y objetivos de los individuos que la componen y a partir de allí plantear algunas discusiones en las que se podrían centra futuros artículos investigativos.
Cervico-facial flap: a versatile option among various reconstructive options for skin defects in parotid surgery-our experience in a tertiary care center
Authors: Prabha Amritha , Sarawgi Garima , Shah Urvish , M. S. Ganesh , Reddy Abhinay , Keerthi B. R. , G. N. Hemanth , Surapaneni Rahul , Melanta Khyati , Bathala Udayee Teja
Published: July 2021

Background: Cutaneous defects of the cheek and external ear present a reconstructive challenge. Even when free flap reconstructions and tissue transfer are commonly proposed, fewer patients with these malignancies are candidates for lengthy reconstructive surgery. The cost effectiveness, time consumption, long waiting period of head and neck malignancy patients and less availability of reconstruction teams in developing countries like India, are challenging factors.

Methods: In our study, retrospectively 46 cases operated for parotid neoplasm were identified and the operative reports were reviewed from September 2018 to April 2021. Data on patient demographics, pathological diagnosis, defect type, type of flap used, co-morbid disease, and smoking history was collected.  

Results: The mean defect size was 4×5 cm, however for defects larger than 4×4 cm and lesser than 7 cm a cervico-facial flap was used for reconstruction. The average time for surgery was 2 and a half hours extra for the free flap reconstruction. Post-operative wound complications were higher in free flap reconstruction. Partial/DTN was observed in 16% patients and necrosis that needed intervention- 6% of all patients. Patients with cervico-facial flap reconstruction had an excellent final functional and cosmetic result, with good skin color and texture match.

Conclusions: The cervico-facial flap is a versatile technique with excellent vascularity and good esthetic outcome, which should be utilized liberally in the reconstruction of facial defects, slight modifications in the flap harvesting and careful selection of patient can give excellent results in moderate defects after parotid surgeries, especially in a resource limited country like India.
The Fight Against Racial Inequality in the United States in the 1960—1970's: the Confrontation between Students Youth and Government
Authors: Bylkova Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

This article describes the struggle of students for the solution of the racial problem in the United States in the 1960–70s. It shows how the youth demonstraited their dissatisfaction with the government's policy in relation to the issue of racial discrimination.
The Epistemology of the Search for Truth in Witness Testimony
Authors: Bukhalov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the evolution of testimonial evidence, as the legal culture. The history of the search for legal truth is aggravated by the unjust sentences and judicial errors. In the modern criminal process the dilemma of the reliability of eyewitness testimony remains relevant. The author's purpose is to identify gaps and to determine the ways to improve domestic criminal procedure legislation.
The Problem of Face recognition in Psychology and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Vislova Aminat
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problem of face recognition in artificial intelligence (AI) and in psychology. The possibility of using data from the psychology of perception in the interpretation of artificial face recognition systems is analyzed. The emphasis is made on the psychophysiological mechanisms of face recognition / recognition. The available methods for solving the problem in the field of AI, trends in improving face recognition technologies in the context of the digitalization of the social and economic life of society are described. Considering the vast scope of application of face recognition technologies and the insufficient development of the problem of the relationship between AI and psychology in solving this problem, the need for a more detailed study of this phenomenon from an interdisciplinary perspective is stated.
Правовые и организационные основы предотвращения и урегулирования конфликта интересов в органах внутренних дел
Authors: Бялт В.С. , Чимаров С.Ю.
Published: July 2021

В статье авторы исследуют вопросы, посвященные особенностям предотвращения и урегулирования конфликта интересов в органах внутренних дел с позиции противодействия коррупционным проявлениям среди личного состава органов внутренних дел. Анализируя нормативную правовую базу в указанной области, авторы формулируют и обосновывают ряд выводов касательно рассматриваемых вопросов.
Сотрудник органов внутренних дел и сотрудник полиции: соотношение понятий
Authors: Бялт В.С. , Чимаров С.Ю.
Published: July 2021

В статье авторы исследуют вопросы, касающиеся особенностей правового положения сотрудника органов внутренних дел и сотрудника полиции с точки зрения предусмотренных в органах внутренних дел специальных званий. Анализируя нормативную правовую базу в указанной области, авторы формулируют и обосновывают ряд выводов касательно рассматриваемых вопросов.
Споры, связанные с установлением публичного сервитута
Authors: Густов Р.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье рассматривается определение понятия «публичный сервитут», также изучаются и исследуются споры, возникающие между государственными органами и собственниками земельных участков. Раскрыт порядок установления публичного сервитута. Приведены примеры из практики, которые наиболее подробно раскрывают нюансы при возникновении подобного рода споров в сфере установления публичного сервитута.
Платежная система стран БРИКС
Authors: Кильметова Р.Р. , Климатов Х.Г.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье исследуется тенденция к созданию единой платежной системы стран БРИКС в условиях нестабильной мировой политической обстановки. Изучаются экономические и политические причины для создания единой платежной системы, анализируются этапы создания данной системы.
Уголовно-правовые и социальные аспекты молодежного экстремизма
Authors: Крюков А.В.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье предпринята попытка рассмотрения социальнопсихологических и уголовно-правовых аспектов возниковения молодежного экстремизма, как сложного социального феномена, включающего в себя различные формы проявления радикализма. Актуальность проблемы отражает количество вынесенных в 2020 году обвинительных приговоров за экстремистские высказывания и призывы. В статье определены современные проблемы ведущие молодежь к участию в экстремистских организациях и предложены меры противодействия экстремизму с точки зрения автора статьи.