bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home quality and child health: Analysis of the Survey of Income and Program Participation
Authors: Boch Samantha J , Chisolm Deena J , Kaminski Jennifer W , Kelleher Kelly J
Published: January 2021

Housing is considered a core social determinant of health (SDH) through mechanisms such as the quality, affordability, and location of the home. However, few nationally representative studies examine these mechanisms simultaneously with child health and healthcare use. To determine the associations between home quality and child health, a series of logistic regression analyses was employed using the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The 2014 SIPP sample is a multistage, stratified sample of 53,070 housing units from 820 sample areas designed to represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States. The analytic sample included 12,964 children aged 2–14 years. Poor housing quality was defined as whether the home had holes in the floor, cracks in the ceiling, plumbing issues, and/or pest problems. Outcome measures included child health status, number of medical visits, and hospitalizations. The results indicated that poor housing quality was associated with poorer health (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05–1.27) and a greater number of medical visits (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.20) after controlling for number of persons per household, neighborhood safety, nonmetropolitan status, parent’s ability to afford housing-related expenses, and other SDH. Future work investigating and intervening on the SDH in children could specifically include the quality and contexts in which homes are situated.
The thing-power of the Facebook assemblage: Why do users stay on the platform?
Authors: Lupton Deborah , Southerton Clare
Published: January 2021

Facebook is the most used social media platform globally, despite frequent and highly publicised criticism of some of its practices. In this article, we bring together perspectives from vital materialism scholarship – and particularly Jane Bennett’s concept of ‘thing-power’ – with our empirical research on Australian Facebook users to identify what they find important and valuable about the platform. Findings are presented in the form of seven case studies of Facebook use, identifying lively affective forces, relational connections and agential capacities that drive people to continue to use Facebook, moderate their use or take a break. We argue that this theoretical perspective allows for a nuanced understanding of the distributed and relational agencies generated with and through Facebook assemblages that motivate people to stay on this social media platform.
Cerebrovascular disease in women
Authors: Kumar Aditya , McCullough Louise
Published: January 2021

Cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability in women. The spectrum of disease differs between men and women, with women being particularly vulnerable to certain conditions, especially during specific periods of life such as pregnancy. There are several unique risk factors for cerebrovascular disease in women, and the influence of some traditional risk factors for stroke is stronger in women. Moreover, disparities persist in representation of women in clinical trials, acute intervention, and stroke outcomes. In this review, we aimed to explore the epidemiology, etiologies, and management of cerebrovascular disease in women, highlighting some of these differences and the growing need for sex-specific management guidelines and health policies.
How Could Evidence-Based Reform Advance Education?
Authors: Slavin Robert E. , Cheung Alan C. K. , Zhuang (庄腾腾) Tengteng
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

This article presents a definition and rationale for evidence-based reform in education, and a discussion of the current state of evidence-based research, focusing on China, the U.S., and the UK.

Design/Approach/Methods:

The article contrasts the state of educational research in the U.S., the UK, and China, world leaders in evidence-based reform.

Findings:

The article suggests ways in which Chinese, U.S., UK, and other scholars might improve the worldwide quality of evidence-based reform in education. One indicator of this partnership is an agreement among the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Nanjing Normal University, and Johns Hopkins University to work together on Chinese and English versions of the website Best Evidence in Brief and a collaboration between Johns Hopkins and the ECNU Review of Education at East China Normal University.

Originality/Value:

This article is the first to compare developments in evidence-based reform in education in China with parallel developments in the U.S. and UK Building understanding of current evidence-based policies should help all countries learn how evidence can play a greater role in education policy and benefit many students.
Novel Implementation of Virtual Interviews for Otolaryngology Resident Selection: Reflections Relevant to the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Davis Morgan E. , Jafari Aria , Crawford Kayva , MacDonald Bridget V. , Watson Deborah
Published: January 2021

To address financial and scheduling conflicts associated with residency interviews for otolaryngology candidates, our residency program implemented virtual interviews as an alternative to the traditional in‐person format for our visiting subinterns during the 2018‐2019 and 2019‐2020 interview cycles. Applicants then completed an anonymous survey about their interview experience. We found that, overall, positive attitudes toward virtual interviews increased among 2019‐2020 candidates as compared with the year prior. Our results demonstrated an average cost savings per interview of $500 to $1000 when virtual technology was utilized. Based on feedback, improvements may be considered regarding eye contact, minimizing distractions, and providing the option to extend the interview length. Our experience provides a preliminary framework for transitioning to virtual interviews in the upcoming 2020‐2021 otolaryngology residency selection process during the COVID‐19 era, as well as for future studies assessing the utility of this method and its impact on overall match statistics.
Replacing school and out-of-school sedentary behaviors with physical activity and its associations with adiposity in children and adolescents: a compositional isotemporal substitution analysis
Authors: Gába Aleš , Dygrýn Jan , Štefelová Nikola , Rubín Lukáš , Hron Karel , Jakubec Lukáš
Published: January 2021

Background

Little is known on how context-specific sedentary behaviors (SB) affect adiposity. This study aimed to investigate compositional associations between context-specific SB and adiposity and estimate the differences in adiposity associated with replacing school and out-of-school SB with physical activity (PA).

Methods

This study included 336 children and adolescents. Time spent in SB and PA was estimated using multi-day 24-hour raw accelerometer data. SB and PA were specified for school and out-of-school times. Fat mass percentage (FM%) and fat mass index (FMI) were used as adiposity indicators. A compositional isotemporal substitution model was used to estimate differences in adiposity associated with one-to-one reallocations of time from context-specific SB to PA.

Results

Participants spent approximately two thirds of their school and out-of-school time being sedentary. Relative to the remaining 24-h movement behaviors, significant associations between out-of-school SB and adiposity were found in both boys (βilr1= 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03–1.22 for FM%;βilr1= 0.76, 95% CI = 0.03–1.49 for FMI) and girls (βilr1= 0.62, 95% CI = 0.25–0.98 for FM%;βilr1= 0.80, 95% CI = 0.28–1.32 for FMI). Replacing 30 min/day of out-of-school SB with out-of-school light PA decreased FM% by 10.1% (95% CI = 3.3–17.9) and FMI by 14% (95% CI = 2.7–24) in girls. No significant associations were found for school SB.

Conclusions

A reduction of out-of-school SB in favor of light PA should be advocated as an appropriate target for interventions and strategies to prevent childhood obesity.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in the drought stress response of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties
Authors: Jiang Chunji , Li Xinlin , Zou Jixiang , Ren Jingyao , Jin Chunyi , Zhang He , Yu Haiqiu , Jin Hua
Published: January 2021

Background

The peanut is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Qualities and yields of peanut can be dramatically diminished by abiotic stresses particularly by drought. Therefore, it would be beneficial to gain a comprehensive understanding on peanut drought-responsive transcriptional regulatory activities, and hopefully to extract critical drought-tolerance-related molecular mechanism from it.

Results

In this study, two peanut Arachis hypogaea L. varieties, NH5 (tolerant) and FH18 (sensitive), which show significantly differential drought tolerance, were screened from 23 main commercial peanut cultivars and used for physiological characterization and transcriptomic analysis. NH5 leaves showed higher water and GSH contents, faster stomatal closure, and lower relative conductivity (REC) than FH18. Under the time-course of drought-treatments 0 h (CK), 4 h (DT1), 8 h (DT2) and 24 h (DT3), the number of down-regulated differential expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the progression of treatments indicating repressive impacts on transcriptomes by drought in both peanut varieties.

Conclusions

Nevertheless, NH5 maintained more stable transcriptomic dynamics than FH18. Furthermore, annotations of identified DEGs implicate signal transduction, the elimination of reactive oxygen species, and the maintenance of cell osmotic potential which are key drought-tolerance-related pathways. Finally, evidences from the examination of ABA and SA components suggested that the fast stomatal closure in NH5 was likely mediated through SA rather than ABA signaling. In all, these results have provided us a comprehensive overview of peanut drought-responsive transcriptomic changes, which could serve as solid foundation for further identification of the molecular drought-tolerance mechanism in peanut and other oil crops.
Correction to: Predictors of timely diagnostic follow-up after an abnormal Pap test among Hispanic women seeking care in El Paso, Texas
Authors: Carrillo Thelma , Montealegre Jane R. , Bracamontes Christina G. , Scheurer Michael E. , Follen Michele , Mulla Zuber D.
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: ITGBL1 is a new immunomodulator that favors development of melanoma tumors by inhibiting natural killer cells cytotoxicity
Authors: Cheli Yann , Tulic Meri K. , El Hachem Najla , Nottet Nicolas , Jacquel Arnaud , Gesson Maeva , Strub Thomas , Bille Karine , Picard-Gauci Alexandra , Montaudié Henri , Beranger Guillaume E. , Passeron Thierry , Close Pierre , Bertolotto Corine , Ballotti Robert
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Conditional Pten knockout in parvalbumin- or somatostatin-positive neurons sufficiently leads to autism-related behavioral phenotypes
Authors: Shin Sangyep , Santi Andrea , Huang Shiyong
Published: January 2021

Disrupted GABAergic neurons have been extensively described in brain tissues from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and animal models for ASD. However, the contribution of these aberrant inhibitory neurons to autism-related behavioral phenotypes is not well understood. We examined ASD-related behaviors in mice with conditional Pten knockout in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing or somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons, two common subtypes of GABAergic neurons. We found that mice with deletion of Pten in either PV-neurons or Sst-neurons displayed social deficits, repetitive behaviors and impaired motor coordination/learning. In addition, mice with one copy of Pten deletion in PV-neurons exhibited hyperlocomotion in novel open fields and home cages. We also examined anxiety behaviors and found that mice with Pten deletion in Sst-neurons displayed anxiety-like behaviors, while mice with Pten deletion in PV-neurons exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviors. These behavioral assessments demonstrate that Pten knockout in the subtype of inhibitory neurons sufficiently gives rise to ASD-core behaviors, providing evidence that both PV- and Sst-neurons may play a critical role in ASD symptoms.
External validation of multimodal termination of resuscitation rules for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the COVID-19 era
Authors:   on behalf of the WinCOVID-19 consortium, Jung Haewon , Lee Mi Jin , Cho Jae Wan , Lee Sang Hun , Lee Suk Hee , Mun You Ho , Chung Han-sol , Kim Yang Hun , Kim Gyun Moo , Park Sin-youl , Jeon Jae Cheon , Kim Changho
Published: January 2021

Background

Futile resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 era can lead to risk of disease transmission and unnecessary transport. Various existing basic or advanced life support (BLS or ALS, respectively) rules for the termination of resuscitation (TOR) have been derived and validated in North America and Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the external validation of these rules in predicting the survival outcomes of OHCA patients in the COVID-19 era.

Methods

This was a multicenter observational study using the WinCOVID-19 Daegu registry data collected during February 18–March 31, 2020. The subjects were patients who showed cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac etiology. The outcomes of each rule were compared to the actual patient survival outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, false positive value (FPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of each TOR rule were evaluated.

Results

In total, 170 of the 184 OHCA patients were eligible and evaluated. TOR was recommended for 122 patients based on the international basic life support termination of resuscitation (BLS-TOR) rule, which showed 85% specificity, 74% sensitivity, 0.8% FPV, and 99% PPV for predicting unfavorable survival outcomes. When the traditional BLS-TOR rules and KoCARC TOR rule II were applied to our registry, one patient met the TOR criteria but survived at hospital discharge. With regard to the FPV (upper limit of 95% confidence interval < 5%), specificity (100%), and PPV (> 99%) criteria, only the KoCARC TOR rule I, which included a combination of three factors including not being witnessed by emergency medical technicians, presenting with an asystole at the scene, and not experiencing prehospital shock delivery or return of spontaneous circulation, was found to be superior to all other TOR rules.

Conclusion

Among the previous nine BLS and ALS TOR rules, KoCARC TOR rule I was most suitable for predicting poor survival outcomes and showed improved diagnostic performance. Further research on variations in resources and treatment protocols among facilities, regions, and cultures will be useful in determining the feasibility of TOR rules for COVID-19 patients worldwide.
Single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of macrophage heterogeneity using SCoPE2
Authors: Specht Harrison , Emmott Edward , Petelski Aleksandra A. , Huffman R. Gray , Perlman David H. , Serra Marco , Kharchenko Peter , Koller Antonius , Slavov Nikolai
Published: January 2021

Background

Macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functional and molecular phenotypes. This diversity is largely unexplored at the level of single-cell proteomes because of the limitations of quantitative single-cell protein analysis.

Results

To overcome this limitation, we develop SCoPE2, which substantially increases quantitative accuracy and throughput while lowering cost and hands-on time by introducing automated and miniaturized sample preparation. These advances enable us to analyze the emergence of cellular heterogeneity as homogeneous monocytes differentiate into macrophage-like cells in the absence of polarizing cytokines. SCoPE2 quantifies over 3042 proteins in 1490 single monocytes and macrophages in 10 days of instrument time, and the quantified proteins allow us to discern single cells by cell type. Furthermore, the data uncover a continuous gradient of proteome states for the macrophages, suggesting that macrophage heterogeneity may emerge in the absence of polarizing cytokines. Parallel measurements of transcripts by 10× Genomics suggest that our measurements sample 20-fold more protein copies than RNA copies per gene, and thus, SCoPE2 supports quantification with improved count statistics. This allowed exploring regulatory interactions, such as interactions between the tumor suppressor p53, its transcript, and the transcripts of genes regulated by p53.

Conclusions

Even in a homogeneous environment, macrophage proteomes are heterogeneous. This heterogeneity correlates to the inflammatory axis of classically and alternatively activated macrophages. Our methodology lays the foundation for automated and quantitative single-cell analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry and demonstrates the potential for inferring transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation from variability across single cells.
Correction to: Polinton-like viruses are abundant in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Bellas Christopher M. , Sommaruga Ruben
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Under pressure: comparing in situ and boat tagging methods using time-to-event analyses
Authors: Keller Jessica A. , Morley Danielle , Herbig Jennifer L. , Barbera Paul , Feeley Michael W. , Acosta Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Background

With the increase in telemetry studies over the past decade, improving understanding of how different tagging methods influence the probability of presence in a receiver array is important in maximizing the resulting data. Disappearance from the array may be due to mortality from surgery complications, tag loss, predation, or emigration. Internally tagging fish on a boat can cause barotrauma injuries, increased stress from prolonged handling times, or predation after fish have been released back into the water. Conducting in situ internal acoustic tagging at depth of capture removes barotrauma stresses and simplifies the release method, which may improve fish survival and decrease risk of disappearance from the array. In this study, we used 8 years of acoustic tagging data to determine if the tagging method (in situ versus on the boat) influenced the likelihood of a fish being detected 4 and 6 days after the tagging event.

Results

At 6 days after tagging, Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the probability of presence for fish tagged on the boat was 66% compared to 90% for fish tagged in situ. Tagging method was the only variable to significantly affect probability of presence based on Cox proportional hazards models, with fish tagged in situ ~ 75% less likely to disappear from the array compared to fish tagged on the boat at both 4 and 6 days after tagging. Examining tagging methods separately, handling time only marginally influenced probability of presence of boat-tagged fish and no variables had a significant effect on probability of presence of in situ tagged fish.

Conclusions

In this study, tagging method was the only variable to significantly affect the probability of presence for internally tagged fish. Other factors had little to no influence, but correlation of variables limited what factors could be included in the models. Implanting internal acoustic tags in situ is not a practical method for every species and for every environment, but given the increased probability of presence demonstrated here, we strongly suggest it be considered where applicable.
Numerical prediction of sporadic E layer occurrence using GAIA
Authors: Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Tao Chihiro , Jin Hidekatsu , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Fujiwara Hitoshi
Published: January 2021

A sporadic E layer has significant influence on radio communications and broadcasting, and predicting the occurrence of sporadic E layers is one of the most important issues in space weather forecast. While sporadic E layer occurrence and the magnitude of the critical sporadic E frequency (foEs) have clear seasonal variations, significant day-to-day variations as well as regional and temporal variations also occur. Because of the highly complex behavior of sporadic E layers, the prediction of sporadic E layer occurrence has been one of the most difficult issues in space weather forecast. To explore the possibility of numerically predicting sporadic E layer occurrence, we employed the whole atmosphere–ionosphere coupled model GAIA, examining parameters related to the formation of sporadic E layer such as vertical ions velocities and vertical ion convergences at different altitudes between 90 and 150 km. Those parameters in GAIA were compared with the observed foEs data obtained by ionosonde observations in Japan. Although the agreement is not very good in the present version of GAIA, the results suggest a possibility that sporadic E layer occurrence can be numerically predicted using the parameters derived from GAIA. We have recently developed a real-time GAIA simulation system that can predict atmosphere–ionosphere conditions for a few days ahead. We present an experimental prediction scheme and a preliminary result for predicting sporadic E layer occurrence.
Correction to: Combined quality and dose-volume histograms for assessing the predictive value of 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT simulation for personalizing radioembolization treatment in liver metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Levillain Hugo , Burghelea Manuela , Derijckere Ivan Duran , Guiot Thomas , Gulyban Akos , Vanderlinden Bruno , Vouche Michael , Flamen Patrick , Reynaert Nick
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Association between depression, anxiety, and insomnia with musculoskeletal pain source: a multi-center study
Authors: Zarean Elham , Azadeh Asma , Pirali Habib , Doroushi Behzad , Edrisi Atieh , Ahmadi Ali , Baharizadeh Alireza , Torkian Samaneh
Published: January 2021

Background

Musculoskeletal pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the modern diseases. Musculoskeletal pain (MP) may develop at any age and impact physical and mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between anxiety, depression, and insomnia with musculoskeletal pain source. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 patients with musculoskeletal pain. Goldberg depression (GB), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Morin Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires were used to collect data. Participants have divided into two groups: individuals with unknown musculoskeletal pain sources and individuals with known musculoskeletal pain sources. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia scores were compared between the two groups. For statistical analysis of data mean (SD), frequency (%), Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, and Logistic regression models were used. All analysis was performed using SPSS 26.

Results

In this study, 39.4% of the participants were in severe depression, 31.1% in severe anxiety, 34.7% in the no clinically significant, and 32.9% in the sub-threshold insomnia group. There was a significant difference between the severity of anxiety and insomnia in the two groups with the known and unknown pain sources (p < 0.05). However, the score of depression (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.01), anxiety (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.02), and insomnia (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.03) was not related to the pain source.

Conclusion

There was a statistically significant relationship between anxiety and insomnia severity with musculoskeletal pain source. According to the high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and depression in both groups with known and unknown musculoskeletal pain sources, the cooperation of orthopedists, rheumatologists, and physical therapists with psychiatrist can be useful in improving the condition of patients.
Electrically inferred subsurface fractures in the crystalline hard rocks of an Experimental Hydrogeological Park, Southern India
Authors: Maurya Ved Prakash , Chandra Subash , Sonkamble Sahebrao , Lohithkumar Kethavath , Nagaiah Erugu , Selles Adrien
Published: January 2021

We have investigated a network of fractures forming the flow paths within the crystalline granitic rocks of an Experimental Hydrogeological Park (EHP) with the help of electrical resistivity surveys. The experimental study located at the managed aquifer recharge (MAR) site of EHP has measured a distinct variation in the apparent resistivity for deeper electrical signals that localize the presence of interconnected water-saturated fractures. Usually, profiles close to the MAR tank depict low apparent resistivity values from deep signals across in situ fractures and resistivity amplitude increases away from the tank. We modeled and simulated the presence of water-saturated fractures by a simple three-layered model having embedded shallow heterogeneities in the saprolite layer, vertically interconnected multiple thin conductive horizontal layers in the fissured zone, and an underlain unweathered crystalline granitic basement. These fractures produce a distinct variation in the resistivity for modeling and inversion exercises. The decadal time-lapse electrical resistivity surveys, after the establishment of the MAR tank, mark similar repetitive main features with a distinct drop in resistivity depicting the presence of water-saturated fractures. An overview of the 3D resistivity model characterizes the subsurface heterogeneities and the presence of possible flow paths for shallow depths <30 m, and it is indicative of possible flows in the interconnected deep fractures for depths >30 m.
Water-rock interactions and origin of formation water in the Bohai Bay Basin: A case study of the Cenozoic Formation in Bonan Sag
Authors: An Tianxia , Yu Bingsong , Wang Yongshi , Ruan Zhuang , Meng Wei , Feng Yuelin
Published: January 2021

The faulted lacustrine Bohai Basin in eastern China contains abundant hydrocarbon resources. In these reservoirs, understanding the sandstone diagenesis and the resulting formation water provides a means to unravel the evolution processes in the basin. In most cases, the lack of isotopic and trace element analysis tests in this type of basin limits the research on the origin and evolution of formation water in this area. We have used multivariate statistical methods to classify the geochemical characteristics of the formation water for the Cenozoic Formation of Bonan Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin. Analysis of correlations among the evolution processes of different ions in different types of formation water provides an understanding of the primary factors influencing the ion content. We also evaluate the water-rock interactions of different types of formation water to evaluate their geologic significance, and we find three types. Type I formation water includes a mixture of river water, lake water, and atmospheric precipitation and exhibits weak water-rock interactions. Type II formation water contains primitive freshwater and brackish lake water that has undergone an evolution process similar to that of type I formation water, but that was followed by evaporation and concentration, the dissolution and precipitation of calcite and iron calcite, and feldspar dissolution. Type III formation water, which is a product of rock reconstruction, originates from saline lake sediment water. After undergoing evolution processes similar to those of types I and II, type III formation water is also affected by dissolution of evaporite, albite, dolomite, and iron dolomite. Thus, type III formation water is the product of water-rock interactions such as precipitation, SO42− reduction, and pyrite precipitation in which the water-rock reaction controls the development mechanism and characteristics of the reservoir space.
Burkitt Lymphoma International Prognostic Index
Authors: Olszewski Adam J. , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Collins Graham P. , Cwynarski Kate , Bachanova Veronika , Blum Kristie A. , Boughan Kirsten M. , Bower Mark , Dalla Pria Alessia , Danilov Alexey , David Kevin A. , Diefenbach Catherine , Ellin Fredrik , Epperla Narendranath , Farooq Umar , Feldman Tatyana A. , Gerrie Alina S. , Jagadeesh Deepa , Kamdar Manali , Karmali Reem , Kassam Shireen , Kenkre Vaishalee P. , Khan Nadia , Kim Seo-Hyun , Klein Andreas K. , Lossos Izidore S. , Lunning Matthew A. , Martin Peter , Martinez-Calle Nicolas , Montoto Silvia , Naik Seema , Palmisiano Neil , Peace David , Phillips Elizabeth H. , Phillips Tycel J. , Portell Craig A. , Reddy Nishitha , Santarsieri Anna , Sarraf Yazdy Maryam , Smeland Knut B. , Smith Scott E. , Smith Stephen D. , Sundaram Suchitra , Zayac Adam S. , Zhang Xiao-Yin , Zhu Catherine , Cheah Chan Y. , El-Galaly Tarec C. , Evens Andrew M.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has unique biology and clinical course but lacks a standardized prognostic model. We developed and validated a novel prognostic index specific for BL to aid risk stratification, interpretation of clinical trials, and targeted development of novel treatment approaches.

METHODS

We derived the BL International Prognostic Index (BL-IPI) from a real-world data set of adult patients with BL treated with immunochemotherapy in the United States between 2009 and 2018, identifying candidate variables that showed the strongest prognostic association with progression-free survival (PFS). The index was validated in an external data set of patients treated in Europe, Canada, and Australia between 2004 and 2019.

RESULTS

In the derivation cohort of 633 patients with BL, age ≥ 40 years, performance status ≥ 2, serum lactate dehydrogenase > 3× upper limit of normal, and CNS involvement were selected as equally weighted factors with an independent prognostic value. The resulting BL-IPI identified groups with low (zero risk factors, 18% of patients), intermediate (one factor, 36% of patients), and high risk (≥ 2 factors, 46% of patients) with 3-year PFS estimates of 92%, 72%, and 53%, respectively, and 3-year overall survival estimates of 96%, 76%, and 59%, respectively. The index discriminated outcomes regardless of HIV status, stage, or first-line chemotherapy regimen. Patient characteristics, relative size of the BL-IPI groupings, and outcome discrimination were consistent in the validation cohort of 457 patients, with 3-year PFS estimates of 96%, 82%, and 63% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk BL-IPI, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The BL-IPI provides robust discrimination of survival in adult BL, suitable for use as prognostication and stratification in trials. The high-risk group has suboptimal outcomes with standard therapy and should be considered for innovative treatment approaches.
Association of Diabetes Subgroups With Race/Ethnicity, Risk Factor Burden and Complications: The MASALA and MESA Studies
Authors: Bancks Michael P , Bertoni Alain G , Carnethon Mercedes , Chen Haiying , Cotch Mary Frances , Gujral Unjali P , Herrington David , Kanaya Alka M , Szklo Moyses , Vaidya Dhananjay , Kandula Namratha R
Published: January 2021

Introduction

There are known disparities in diabetes complications by race and ethnicity. Although diabetes subgroups may contribute to differential risk, little is known about how subgroups vary by race/ethnicity.

Methods

Data were pooled from 1293 (46% female) participants of the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who had diabetes (determined by diabetes medication use, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), including 217 South Asian, 240 non-Hispanic white, 125 Chinese, 387 African American, and 324 Hispanic patients. We applied k-means clustering using data for age at diabetes diagnosis, body mass index, HbA1c, and homeostatic model assessment measures of insulin resistance and beta cell function. We assessed whether diabetes subgroups were associated with race/ethnicity, concurrent cardiovascular disease risk factors, and incident diabetes complications.

Results

Five diabetes subgroups were characterized by older age at diabetes onset (43%), severe hyperglycemia (26%), severe obesity (20%), younger age at onset (1%), and requiring insulin medication use (9%). The most common subgroup assignment was older onset for all race/ethnicities with the exception of South Asians where the severe hyperglycemia subgroup was most likely. Risk for renal complications and subclinical coronary disease differed by diabetes subgroup and, separately, race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

Racial/ethnic differences were present across diabetes subgroups, and diabetes subgroups differed in risk for complications. Strategies to eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in complications may need to consider approaches targeted to diabetes subgroup.
Η μνήμη της κρίσης: Κοινωνικές συνιστώσες της οικονομικής ύφεσης στον επιστημονικό και βιωματικό λόγο
Authors: Souyioultzoglou Irakleitos , Angelaki Marina
Published: January 2021

Το παρόν άρθρο βασίζεται σε μια διευρυμένη αντίληψη των κρίσεων ως πρωταρχικά κοινωνικών φαινομένων. Εστιάζοντας στη λογοθετική δυναμική της ελληνικής κρίσης, προτείνει μια μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση που βασίζεται στη συγκριτική ερμηνεία των λόγων για την «κρίση» ως αναλυτική κατηγορία και κοινωνικό φαινόμενο, καθώς και στις συγκλίνουσες ή/και αποκλίνουσες αναφορές των βιωματικών μαρτυριών και της επιστημονικής αρθρογραφίας σχετικά με τις πολλαπλές όψεις της. Προσεγγίζοντας την ελληνική κρίση σημειολογικά, ως πεδίο διαμόρφωσης εννοιών και αντιλήψεων, ανατρέχουμε σε δημοσιεύσεις που υποδεικνύουν την πολυπλοκότητα των επιπτώσεών της στην καθημερινότητα, επιχειρώντας να αναδείξουμε τους τρόπους με τους οποίους το κοινωνικό στίγμα της κρίσης αποδίδεται στον επιστημονικό λόγο. Παράλληλα, αξιοποιώντας το πρωτογενές υλικό που έχει συγκεντρωθεί από τις Ομάδες Προφορικής Ιστορίας, αναζητούμε το αποτύπωμα της κρίσης στις μαρτυρίες και τους όρους διαμόρφωσης του συλλογικού αφηγήματος για την κρίση, υπό το πρίσμα των εγγενών χαρακτηριστικών της ελληνικής κοινωνίας και της κοινωνικής συνείδησης των μελών της.
Πολιτισμικές διασταυρώσεις μεταξύ «Δύσης» και «Ανατολής»: το παράδειγμα του Γερμανικού Αρχαιολογικού Ινστιτούτου στην Ελλάδα (19ος– πρώτες δεκαετίες 20ού αιώνα)
Authors: Tountasaki Eirini , Maroniti Niki
Published: January 2021

Οι συγγραφείς, στο πλαίσιο ευρύτερης επιστημονικής έρευνας που πραγματοποιούν αναφορικά με το αν οι Ξένες Αρχαιολογικές Σχολές (ΞΑΣ) στην Ελλάδα μπορεί να θεωρηθούν ως μηχανισμοί επινόησης και κατασκευής πολιτισμικών στρατηγικών και συνακόλουθα ως ιμάντες πολιτικής διαμεσολάβησης μεταξύ των κρατών, στο κείμενο αυτό επιλέγουν να εστιαστούν στην περίπτωση του Γερμανικού Αρχαιολογικού Ινστιτούτου (ΓΑΙ) των Αθηνών. Ειδικότερα, μελετούν πώς διαμορφώνεται στον «μακρύ δέκατο ένατο αιώνα» το αφήγημα που στοιχειοθετεί την ίδρυση, τη θέση και τον ρόλο του ΓΑΙ στον ελληνικό χώρο και, ταυτόχρονα, πώς αυτό διασταυρώνεται με τις ομόλογες εθνικές/ευρωπαϊκές ρητορικές, μεταξύ των οποίων, και με την ελληνική. Εξετάζουν, παράλληλα, πώς το γερμανικό παράδειγμα χαρακτηρίζεται, καταστατικά και δυναμικά, από τις ιδιαίτερες στοχεύσεις του, ενώ την ίδια στιγμή προσφέρεται για γόνιμη, συγκριτική θέαση του συνόλου των αντιτιθέμενων στρατηγικών που δρομολογούν οι ΞΑΣ στην Ελλάδα. Στη μελέτη τους υπογραμμίζουν ότι πολιτική και πολιτισμός είναι μεγέθη που οφείλουν να γίνονται αντιληπτά στην αμοιβαία διαπλοκή τους.
Η προσκόλληση και οι μηχανισμοί άμυνας σε άτομα διεγνωσμένα με οριακή διαταραχή προσωπικότητας
Authors: Καλαματιανός Αντώνιος , Κανελλοπούλου Λίσσυ
Published: January 2021

The interest with regard to the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has increased in the past few years, because the number of people with the aforementioned diagnosis who use mental health services has risen. The study aimed at examining the defense mechanisms in people with BPD diagnosis in relation to the attachment type they adopt. Thesample consisted of 36 adult subjects diagnosed with BPD who attended psychiatric outpatient departments and 36 people who attended the ophthalmologic outpatient care at a general hospital. The adult attachment questionnaire CA-MIR and the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 were administered to the participants. In general, results are in accordance with the theoretical background, because it was demonstrated that diagnosed subjects scored higher in the insecure attachment types, that is, the ambivalent, the detached and the non-resolved, whereas the non-diagnosed scored higher in the autonomous attachment. Moreover, diagnosed subjects used more than the non-diagnosed participants the neurotic and the immature defenses,but they did not differ with respect to mature defenses. Finally, correlations between attachment and defenses were found with the exception of the mature that correlated with no attachment model. These findings may contribute to the identification of factors that participate in BPD and in the configuration of more efficient therapeutic interventions.
Ψυχολογικοί και κοινωνικοψυχολογικοί συσχετιστικοί παράγοντες της ηθικότητας στην εφηβεία: τυπολογική προσέγγιση
Authors: Παυλόπουλος Βασίλης , Γεωργαντή Αικατερίνη , Μπεζεβέγκης Ηλίας , Γιαννίτσας Νικόλαος
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the present study was to explore the moral schemas of adolescents in relation to psychological and social-psychological factors. The theoretical background derives from the neo-Kolbergian approach, which proposes four psychological processes of moral behavior (moral sensitivity, moral motivation, moral character, moral judgment) and three operating levels of moral judgment (codes of conduct, intermediate beliefs, moral schemas). In addition, we rely on the assumption that morality, like every developmental goal, is shaped by the dynamic interplay of individual/psychological and social psychological factors. A person-centered approach was adopted. Apart from the adolescents’ moral schemas, measures also included psychological identity, behavioral autonomy, locus of control, and beliefs about justice. The sample consisted of 369 Senior High School students (58% female, 77% living in the wider Athens metropolitan area). The psychometric tools were drawn from recent international studies and were culturally adapted into Greek. The results generally confirmed the main research hypotheses. More complex moral schemas were associated with more mature psychological identity types, higher behavioral autonomy with parental consent, internal locus of control, and lower general belief in a just world.
Θεωρία του νου και ειδική γλωσσική διαταραχή σε παιδιά σχολικής ηλικίας
Authors: Σπανούδης Γεώργιος , Κ. Παπαδόπουλος Τιμόθεος
Published: January 2021

Language and Theory of Mind (ToM) develop rapidly in the first five years of life. The limited available research examining the relationship between aspects of language development and ToM in children with language disorders suggests that SLI children show a delay in the development of ToM because of a broad range of language impairments.The present study aimed to examine the relationships of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic skills with the ability to understand mental states in school-aged children. Three questions guided the present study. The first question addressed whether school-aged children with SLI have difficulty understanding ToM. The second question concerned the relationship between language and ToM in children with SLI, and the third question focused on the examination of the language skills that better predict performance on ToM tasks. Twenty-one children with SLI, aged 8-12 years were matched on chronological age, nonverbal intelligence, gender, and socioeconomic status with 21 typically developing children (TDC) and compared on a set of language tasks (tapping syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic abilities) and an advanced test of ToM. Results showed that children with SLI performed more poorly on the ToM task compared to the TDC group. Also, analysis showed that language skills and ToM are correlated and that syntactic and semantic abilities contributed significantly to the prediction of ToM performance in the SLI group. It is concluded that childrenwith SLI tend to focus on the semantic and syntactic properties of the language in order to decipher the communicative messages conveyed in speech.
Ποιοτική διερεύνηση της βιωμένης εμπειρίας της ψύχωσης: Μεθοδολογική ανασκόπηση
Authors: Γεωργάκα Ευγενία
Published: January 2021

This paper provides a methodological review of qualitative studies on the lived experience of psychosis. It aims to present the main research trends on psychotic experience and to assess their usefulness and appropriateness for examining the role of social factors in the emergence, experience and management of psychosis. The following trends are presented: (a) the phenomenological approach, which aims to identify the essence of psychotic experience, (b) the narrative and dialogical approaches, which focus on the constitution of the self in psychosis through the examination of self-narratives, (c) the social constructionist approach, which, through analysing the discourse of persons in distress, examines the construction of mental distress,and finally (d) empirical studies employing thematic type qualitative analysis on interviews with persons in distress in order to highlight their experiences and views regarding various aspects of their life with psychosis. For each of the approaches, the paper addresses: (a) its epistemological paradigm, (b) the view of psychosis and mental distress adopted, (c) the research methodology used regarding data collection and analysis, (d) the main findings and conclusions, and (e) the role attributed to social factors and processes.
Ποιότητα ζωής και ψυχική υγεία των μητέρων με παιδί/ά στο φάσμα του αυτισμού: Επισκόπηση ευρημάτων
Authors: Ζήση Αναστασία , Μαυροπούλου Σοφία
Published: January 2021

The present paper is a critical review of a representative corpus of studies extending from the ’70s until today, that examine the quality of life and mental health of parents, and especially mothers who raise at least one child with autism. This review aims at identifying the factors influencing mental health and perceived quality of life of parents withchildren within the autistic spectrum, drawing on the theoretical model of quality of life developed by Zissi & Barry (2006). This theoretical model posits that quality of life is associated with a variety of factors such as; a), objective living conditions that relate to family socio-economic status and its type, the severity of autism, and the access to therapeutic services, and b) socio-psychological processes that relate to  the different explanatory models, the hardiness, the general life outlook and the quality of ties. This model predicts that socio-psychological processes mediate the relationship between objective living conditions, mental health and subjective evaluations of quality of life.
Υιοθετημένοι έφηβοι με ιδρυματική εμπειρία: Η ποιότητα του συναισθηματικού δεσμού με τους θετούς γονείς τους
Authors: Ντούμα Μαρία , Βόρρια Παναγιώτα , Βαϊράμη Μαρία
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of attachment to parents in adopted adolescents, who spent the first two years of their lives in “Metera” Babies Centre, and in adolescents reared by their biological parents. in the study there were involved 88 adolescents aged 12 to 14 years old (mean age = 13.1 years). The 52 adolescents were adoptees, whereas the 36, matched for age and sex with the adoptees, brought up in their biological families and comprised the comparison group. attachment relationships with parents were assessed using the Child attachment interview (Target, Fonagy & Shmueli-Goetz, 2003). interviews were conducted in adolescents’houses. The results showed that there were no between-group differences in the quality of attachment relationships with parents. Sex differences were not found. However, adopted adolescents tended tohave more difficulties in expressing their own emotions. We conclude that, although adoption could not be viewed as a risk factor for the development of secure attachment relationships between adopted adolescents and their adoptive parents, adopted adolescents, compared to their non-adopted counterparts, still showed emotional difficulties.
Un/thinking children in development: A contribution from northern antidevelopmental psychology
Authors: Burman Erica
Published: January 2021

This chapter outlines a feminist antipsychological approach to analyzing childhoods. Taking up Squire’s (1990) characterisation of feminism as antipsychology, this paper analyses child development as text. Examples drawn from a range of institutional practices and genres are juxtaposed, to highlight some newly emerging twists of contemporary tropes of northern, normalised childhoods. Unsurprisingly perhaps, recent departures from the rational, autonomous, unitary subject of modern developmental psychology (c.f. Henriques et al, 1984; Burman 1994, 2008a) betray political continuities with older formulations (especially in relation to familialism). Notwithstanding these supposedly flexible times, it will be argued that covert continuities underlying discernable shifts - especially around the configuration of gendered and racialised representations - indicate some key consolidations, albeit now accorded apparently ‘democratic’ hues. Both in their proliferation andvia their juxtaposition, it is suggested, these diverse texts can be installed within a narrative of critique. This political-methodological intervention works, therefore, firstly, to deconstruct the opposition between popular cultural and expert (developmental psychological) knowledges to mediate their mutual elaboration and legitimation. Secondly, this sample of available representations of childhood illustrates a key strategy of (as in Richards’s formulation, 1998), putting psychology in its (culturally and historically limited) place. The paperends with some more general epistemological and ethical reflections on the alliances and antagonisms of inter- and cross-disciplinary approaches to childhood, and their contributions to challenging widerdevelopmental discourses.
Άγχος και κατάθλιψη στους φοιτητές Νοσηλευτικής: εφαρμογή προγραμμάτων πρόληψης
Authors: Παναγιωτοπούλου Αγγελική , Α. Πασχάλη Αντωνία
Published: January 2021

This literature review aims to investigate Cognitive Behavioral Programs (CBT) that are applied worldwide and their effectiveness on the prevention of anxiety and depression in nursing students. In the first part of the review, the importance of studying these programs and their application in the nursing population are mentioned. Contemporaryresearch data on the prevalence of anxiety and depression in nursing students are examined and comparisons are made with studies looking upon general student population of the same age. Factors thattrigger or protect against the onset of these problems are presented. CBT programs are discussed, in relation to anxiety disorders and depression in relevance to the nursing population, while in the later section contemporary research findings of CBT programs that have been applied to nursing students are presented. The results of these programs show that there is a significant decrease of the anxiety and improvement of the students’ mood, which points to the importance of primary prevention in the academic environment in order to ensure students’ mental health and quality of life.