bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Comparison and correlation of the maxillary sinus dimensions in various craniofacial patterns: A CBCT Study’
Authors: Atul Kumar Harshit , Nayak U S Krishna , Kuttappa M N
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

 To compare and correlate the maxillary sinus dimensions and basal bone height among various facial patterns using CBCT for advanced diagnosis and treatment planning in Orthodontics.

METHODS

66 CBCT images within age group of 18-30 years were divided into horizontal (Group 1), average (Group 2) and vertical (Group 3) facial growth patterns. Maxillary sinus dimensions were compared and correlated in all three groups. The sinus height and basal bone height were recorded at 3 locations-between 1st premolar and 2nd premolar (PM1-PM2), between 2nd premolar and 1st Molar (PM2-M1) and between 1st and 2nd molar (M1-M2).

RESULTS

Overall reduction in sinus height and significantly reduced sinus volume was seen in Group-1. Longest maxillary sinus height in M1-M2 region and shortest in PM1-PM2 region was seen in Group-3. The basal bone height in PM1-PM2 region was significantly longer in Group-3 than in Group-1(p<.05).Shortest basal bone height in M1-M2 region was seen in Group-3. A significant negative correlation was seen between the maxillary sinus height and the basal bone height in Group-1 and Group-3(p<.05).

CONCLUSION

There is a correlation between the maxillary sinus height and basal bone height with that of facial pattern which needs to be considered during orthodontic treatment planning and while carrying out facial growth modification procedures in younger patients.
The effects of beliefs, knowledge, and attitude on herbal medicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey in Indonesia
Authors: Kristianto Heri , Pramesona Bayu Anggileo , Rosyad Yafi Sabila , Andriani Lili , Putri Tri Antika Rizki Kusuma , Rias Yohanes Andy
Published: May 2022

Background: Herbal medicines are gaining a greater degree of popularity as complementary and alternative medicines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, there is a lack of data concerning the rationale for and factors influencing their use.

Methods: A cross-sectional community-based online study involving 1,621 participants was conducted to explore the effects of magical health beliefs, holistic health beliefs, knowledge, and pro- complementary alternative medicine (CAM) attitudes on herbal medicine use in the Indonesian population.

Results: Logistic regression findings showed that knowledge about herbal medicines was independently and positively associated with herbal medicine use to a greater extent than herbal medicine non-use (adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 1.20; 95% confidence interval; CI = 1.16 to 1.24). The participants who used herbal medicines had a greater magical health belief score than herbal medicine non-users, with AOR = 1.03 and 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.06. Moreover, holistic health beliefs and pro-CAM attitudes were also found to be independently associated with herbal medicine use.

Conclusion: These findings alert nurses to assess the roles of magical health beliefs, holistic health belief, knowledge, and attitudes toward herbal medicine use.
Translation, validity and reliability of the Danish version of the Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire
Authors: Andreucci Alessandro , Lund Straszek Christian , Skovdal Rathleff Michael , Guldhammer Clara , de la Vega Rocio , Palermo Tonya M.
Published: May 2022

Background: The Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire (AIQ), English version, is the only validated screening measure developed specifically to identify insomnia symptoms in adolescents. To date, no specific screening tool for adolescent insomnia is present in Danish language. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the AIQ in a sample of Danish adolescents.

Methods: The AIQ underwent a process of forward-backward translation and pilot testing. Subsequently, data were collected at baseline and two-week follow-up from adolescents aged 11-19, who completed both the AIQ and an available adult measure of insomnia (the Athens Insomnia Scale, AIS). The internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent validity were assessed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the latent factors underlying the questionnaire.

Results: At baseline 185 adolescents (18% males and 82% females, mean age 16.0 years) and 102 (55.1%) at two-week follow-up completed the questionnaires. The AIQ showed excellent internal consistency for the total score (Cronbach's a: 0.88) and good convergent validity with the AIS total score (Pearson’s correlation value= 0.86, P<0.001). The test-retest reliability at two weeks was very satisfactory (ICC coefficient = 0.89; 95% CI 0.84, 0.92). Results from the exploratory factor analysis identified a three-model solution corresponding to the same three-model solution identified within the original development sample.

Conclusions: The Danish version of the AIQ demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity, which supports its use as a screening tool for the identification of insomnia symptoms in adolescents, including Danish-speaking adolescents.
A pilot study assessing the similarity between core outcome sets and outcomes included in health technology assessments
Authors: Cox Peter , R. Williamson Paula , Dodd Susanna
Published: May 2022

Objective: Core outcome sets (COS) are an agreed standardised collection of outcomes created with representation from all key stakeholders (such as patients, clinicians, researchers), which should be reported as a minimum for all trials in that corresponding clinical area. There has been little research investigating the use of core outcomes in Health technology assessments (HTAs) and none in non-oncology HTAs. This study aimed to assess the similarity between COS and HTA outcomes.

Methods: Ten COS published between 2015 and 2019 were selected, with patient participation taken as a proxy measure for a high quality COS. The INAHTA database was used as a source to identify relevant HTAs, which were accessed through the hyperlinks provided. Outcomes selected for these assessments were categorised as either a specific, partial or no match compared to the COS. An additional cohort of non-oncology HTAs published between 2019 and 2021 were identified from the NICE website and compared against a relevant COS.

Results: Six hundred and fifty-one HTAs were matched to the ten COS areas, of which 119 were reviewed. Of a possible 1318 core outcome matches, there were 562 (43%) matches, 413 (31%) specific and 149 (11%) partial. NICE HTA matches against corresponding COS ranged from 44% to 100%, with a total of 78% (73/94) matches, 57 (61%) specific and 16 (17%) partial.

Conclusion: Further work is required to promote the awareness and implementation of COS within HTAs. The degree of matching between COS and NICE HTA outcomes is encouraging, demonstrating acceptance of COS by HTA producers.
Smokeless tobacco use and reproductive outcomes among women: a systematic review
Authors: Radhika A.G. , B.  Neogi Sutapa , GS Preetha , Swain Sumant , Kaur Jaswinder , Kaur Jagdish
Published: May 2022

Background: Both smoked and smokeless tobacco use have deleterious effects on most major organ systems including the

reproductive system. We conducted a systematic review on smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and

reproductive outcomes among women.

Methods: We searched Pubmed, ProQuest, Cochrane, Wiley and Emerald databases for studies

involving smokeless tobacco use in women with any or a combination of three conditions:

infertility, menstrual disorders and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Eligibility criteria included

English language publications from 1st January 1990 - 31st October 2020. CADIMA software

used for filtering the studies and modified SIGN checklist for the quality assessment. The findings

are reported as per the PRISMA guidelines. The AXIS and ROBIN E tool were used for assessment of risk of bias.

Results: In total, three studies addressed our research question. Two studies addressed infertility

(prospective cohort: n=501, cross sectional: n=192) of which, the cross-sectional study compared

the mean cotinine levels between those with infertility, menstrual disorders and PID. This study

also explored the association between SLT and PID. PID was the most common gynecological

complaint. Women with PID had significantly higher urinary cotinine levels = 24.95±12.259) ng/

ml (p=0.0144). Mean urinary cotinine in women with menstrual complaints was 19.32±10.29 ng/ml. 

The other study used population-based sampling of 501 couples who attempted pregnancy (enrolled in the LIFE Study). 

Results showed that 9% and 2% (n=28) of men used snuff and chewed tobacco respectively. and  few of the women used smokeless tobacco. 

Time to pregnancy was shorter among smokeless tobacco users relative to smokers.

Conclusions: Available studies exploring associations between SLT and reproductive outcomes

are inconclusive due to limitations in the study methodologies. More studies with robust study

designs are required from low- and middle-income countries with high prevalence of SLT use.
Actualidad y defensa de la filosofía
Authors: Herrera Romero Wilson
Published: May 2022

Este libro, dirigido no solo a investigadores que trabajan temas relacionados con la filosofía de la educación y la filosofía política, sino también a directivos y profesores de colegios y estudiantes de licenciatura en filosofía y humanidades, se ha estructurado en torno a tres puntos clave: el papel que cumple la filosofía en la educación y cómo los cambios en el sistema educativo están afectando el quehacer de esta disciplina; las didácticas que se necesitan para su enseñanza en Colombia y cómo los cambios en la prueba Saber 11 pueden requerir nuevas pedagogías en los colegios, y la relación entre la filosofía y la llamada lectura crítica. Así, varios capítulos analizan cómo se concibe en el ICFES el concepto de lectura crítica y cómo este resulta insuficiente para dar cuenta de lo que significa el pensamiento crítico que está en el corazón de la reflexión filosófica; entre tanto, dos capítulos más tratan de mostrar que hay una correlación positiva entre la enseñanza de la filosofía y el desempeño de los estudiantes en las pruebas de lectura crítica, lo cual muestra que la filosofía puede ser útil para mejorar en esta competencia.
A Signet Cell Carcinoma of the Ileum: A Rare Differential Diagnosis of Intestinal Pathology with Fistula Mimicking Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Mohan Gaurav , Fichadiya Harshil , Olex-Memoli Darby , Krishna Divya , Du Doatrang , Bagchi Buket , Rashidbaigi Ali
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the USA. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the colon and rectum is extremely rare with a reported incidence of less than 1%. Here we present the case of a 41-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, severe microcytic anaemia and a negative faecal occult blood test (FOBT). A CT scan of the abdomen revealed thickening of the terminal ileum and proximal right colon with extensive lymphadenopathy and a fistula tract extending from the terminal ileum to the right buttock. Endoscopic features like cobblestoning of the ileocolic junction along with elevated blood and stool inflammatory markers raised suspicion of Crohn’s disease (CD). However, histopathological study surprisingly revealed primary colorectal signet cell carcinoma (PCRSCC) with no evidence of CD. Cases of simultaneous PCRSCC and CD have been reported, but no clear association has been established. Our case is unique in that it presented with classic clinical features of CD, but PCRSCC without any histological evidence of underlying CD was found on histology.
Intermittent parathyroid hormone increases stability and improves osseointegration of initially unstable implants
Authors: Staats Kevin , Sosa Branden R. , Kuyl Emile-Victor , Niu Yingzhen , Suhardi Vincentius , Turajane Kathleen , Windhager Reinhard , Greenblatt Matthew B. , Ivashkiv Lionel , Bostrom Mathias P. G. , Yang Xu
Published: May 2022

Aims

To develop an early implant instability murine model and explore the use of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment for initially unstable implants.

Methods

3D-printed titanium implants were inserted into an oversized drill-hole in the tibiae of C57Bl/6 mice (n = 54). After implantation, the mice were randomly divided into three treatment groups (phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-control, iPTH, and delayed iPTH). Radiological analysis, micro-CT (µCT), and biomechanical pull-out testing were performed to assess implant loosening, bone formation, and osseointegration. Peri-implant tissue formation and cellular composition were evaluated by histology.

Results

iPTH reduced radiological signs of loosening and led to an increase in peri-implant bone formation over the course of four weeks (timepoints: one week, two weeks, and four weeks). Observational histological analysis shows that iPTH prohibits the progression of fibrosis. Delaying iPTH treatment until after onset of peri-implant fibrosis still resulted in enhanced osseointegration and implant stability. Despite initial instability, iPTH increased the mean pull-out strength of the implant from 8.41 N (SD 8.15) in the PBS-control group to 21.49 N (SD 10.45) and 23.68 N (SD 8.99) in the immediate and delayed iPTH groups, respectively. Immediate and delayed iPTH increased mean peri-implant bone volume fraction (BV/TV) to 0.46 (SD 0.07) and 0.34 (SD 0.10), respectively, compared to PBS-control mean BV/TV of 0.23 (SD 0.03) (PBS-control vs immediate iPTH, p < 0.001; PBS-control vs delayed iPTH, p = 0.048; immediate iPTH vs delayed iPTH, p = 0.111).

Conclusion

iPTH treatment mediated successful osseointegration and increased bone mechanical strength, despite initial implant instability. Clinically, this suggests that initially unstable implants may be osseointegrated with iPTH treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(5):260–269.
Hemibeltrania (anamorphic fungi – Hyphomycetes) from the state of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Gusmão Luís Fernando P. , Barbosa Flávia R.
Published: May 2022

Hemibeltrania malaysiana, found on decaying leaves of Byrsonima sericea (Malpighiaceae) in the “Campo Rupestre” vegetation, is described with a character emendation and illustrated. A key to the known species is also presented.
Influência de diferentes substratos na germinação de sementes de Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Rhamnaceae
Authors: Moniz-Brito Kátia Lidiane , Ayala-Osuña Juan Tomás
Published: May 2022

Ziziphus joazeiro é uma árvore brasileira típica dos sertões nordestinos, endêmica da caatinga, que ocorre nos diversos estados do Nordeste do Brasil e apresenta grande potencial econômico e importância para a região semi-árida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a capacidade germinativa e o vigor de sementes de juazeiro submetidas a diferentes substratos de semeadura em condições de campo. Os diásporos foram submetidos a escarificação química com ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 20 minutos e posteriormente semeados nos substratos terra vegetal + areia, terra vegetal + vermiculita e terra vegetal + serragem. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o substrato terra vegetal + vermiculita é o mais recomendado quando se pretende adquirir mudas mais vigorosas, pois influencia positivamente o crescimento inicial das plântulas.
Feeding ecology of the Molé Trachelyopterus galeatus Linnaeus, 1766 (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) in the lower course of the São José and Santo Antônio Rivers (Chapada Diamantina, Bahia)
Authors: Santos Alexandre Clistenes Alcântara
Published: May 2022

The São José and Santo Antônio Rivers are representative affluents of the Paraguaçu River, although they have demonstrated different physiographic conditions and differ in their degrees of anthropogenic disturbance. In this work, the feeding ecology of Trachelyopterus galeatus was described, as well as the possible effects of the alterations previously caused by former diamond mining on the São José bed and margins. Feeding was analyzed through the Frequency of Occurrence and by the Volumetric method combined in an Alimentary Index. The niche width was then calculated. The results indicate a lesser contribution of allochthonous items in the São José River. This may be due to the effects of deforestation along its margins, which would influence species that are dependent upon those resources. Among the parameters analyzed, the lesser proportion of allochthonous items in the diet of fish from the São José River was marked and can be considered an indirect result of previous mining activity in the area.
Utilização de plantas medicinais relacionadas a eventos do ciclo reprodutivo feminino no distrito de Oliveira dos Campinhos, Santo Amaro, Bahia
Authors: Costa Neto Eraldo M. , Santos Liliane M. , Santos Sofia Aline S. , Magalhães Suzana F. , Amorim Tatiane C.
Published: May 2022

O artigo discute o modo como 16 etnoespécies de plantas estão relacionadas com a saúde da mulher, tanto em seu ciclo reprodutivo quanto durante os cuidados puerperais, no distrito de Oliveira dos Campinhos, Santo Amaro, Bahia.
Bistatic Doppler wind lidar study for wind field measurement over complex terrain
Authors: Li Shaohui , Sun Xuejin , Shao Lianjun , Zhang Chuanliang , Fang Le , Guo Wentao
Published: May 2022

Atmospheric wind measurement over complex terrain is of great significance. Due to the limitation of the retrieval method, a single wind lidar cannot be applied to detect the horizontally inhomogeneous wind field. Therefore, a bistatic Doppler wind lidar system is studied for meeting the requirement of wind detection over complex terrain. By analyzing the uncertainty of a synthetic wind field, the isosceles triangle is proven to be the optimal layout of the bistatic lidar system. By using the data set of Nanjing sounding data from 2015 and two typical wind field models, the detection accuracy of the bistatic lidar system is estimated. The experimental results show that the bistatic wind lidar can detect the wind field over complex terrain accurately, the wind errors are less than 1 m/s below 4 km, and the relative errors are less than 5%.
Wander and spread of a perfect Laguerre–Gauss beam under turbulent absorbent seawater
Authors: Yang Hongbin , Zhang Yinxin , Zhao Guoqing , Yu Lin , Hu Lifa
Published: May 2022

The wander and long-term spread of a beam caused by turbulence are two important factors affecting channel targeting and information receiving in optics communication systems. In this paper, the wander and long-term spread of a perfect Laguerre–Gauss (PLG)/circular perfect Laguerre–Gauss (CPLG) beam in turbulent absorbing seawater are studied. The analytical expression of the wander for a CPLG beam in the weak turbulent fluctuation region and the analytical expression of the long-term spread for a CPLG beam in a weak to strong turbulent fluctuation region are derived by using the Rytov approximation and the generalized Huygens–Fresnel integral, respectively. Through numerical analysis, we find that the optimal beam diameter and self-convergence effect of the PLG beam exist under given communication link conditions, the long-term spread of PLG beam is smaller than that of the LG beam, but the wander evolution trend of the PLG beam with increasing propagation distance is opposite to that of the LG beam. PLG and CPLG beams have stronger resistance disturbance of turbulence than that of Laguerre–Gauss and circular Laguerre–Gauss beams, respectively.
Practical underwater quantum key distribution based on decoy-state BB84 protocol
Authors: Dong Shanchuan , Yu Yonghe , Zheng Shangshuai , Zhu Qiming , Gai Lei , Li Wendong , Gu Yongjian
Published: May 2022

Polarization encoding quantum key distribution has been proven to be a reliable method to build a secure communication system. It has already been used in an inter-city fiber channel and near-Earth atmosphere channel, leaving an underwater channel the last barrier to conquer. Here we demonstrate a decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution system over a water channel with a compact system design for future experiments in the ocean. In the system, a multiple-intensity modulated laser module is designed to produce the light pulses of quantum states, including signal state, decoy state, and vacuum state. Classical communication and synchronization are realized by wireless optical transmission. Multiple filtering techniques and wavelength division multiplexing are further used to avoid cross talk of different lights. We test the performance of the system and obtain a final key rate of 245.6 bps with an average quantum bit error rate of 1.91% over a 2.4 m water channel, in which the channel attenuation is 16.35 dB. Numerical simulation shows that the system can tolerate up to 21.7 dB total channel loss and can still generate secure keys in 277.9 m Jerlov type I ocean channel.
High-efficiency InGaN blue LEDs with reduced positive sheet polarization
Authors: Velpula Ravi Teja , Jain Barsha , Patel Moulik , Shakiba Fatemeh Mohammadi , Toan Ngo Quoc , Nguyen Hoang-Duy , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung
Published: May 2022

The formation of positive sheet polarization charges at the interface of the last quantum barrier (QB) and the conventional

p

-type electron-blocking layer (EBL) creates significant band bending, leading to severe electron leakage and poor hole injection in III-nitride light-emitting diodes. We report that the positive sheet polarization charges are mitigated by employing a lattice matched AlGaN last QB. Electron leakage is dramatically reduced due to the increased effective conduction band height at the last QB and EBL. Furthermore, it favors hole injection into the active region due to the reduced effective valance band height for EBL.
Training optronic convolutional neural networks on an optical system through backpropagation algorithms
Authors: Gu Ziyu , Huang Zicheng , Gao Yesheng , Liu Xingzhao
Published: May 2022

The development of optical neural networks greatly slows the urgent demand of searching for fast computing approaches to solve big data processing. However, most optical neural networks following electronic training and optical inferencing do not really take full advantage of optical computing to reduce computational burden. Take the extensively used optronic convolutional neural networks (OPCNN) as an example, the convolutional operations still require vast computational operations in training stages on the computer. To address this issue, this study proposes the in-situ training algorithm to train the networks directly in optics. We derive the backpropagation algorithms of OPCNN hence the complicated gradient calculation in backward propagating processes can be obtained through optical computing. Both forward propagation and backward propagation are all executed on the same optical system. Furthermore, we successfully realize the introduction of optical nonlinearity in networks through utilizing photorefractive crystal SBN:60 and we also derive the corresponding backpropagation algorithm. The numerical simulation results of classification performance on several datasets validates the feasibility of the proposed algorithms. Through in-situ training, the reduction in performance resulting from the inconsistency of the plantform between training and inferencing stages can be eliminated completely. For example, we demonstrate that by using the optical training approach, OPCNN is capable of gaining a strong robustness under several misalignmed situations, which enhances the practicability of OPCNN and greatly expands its application range.
Applications of bioconvection for tiny particles due to two concentric cylinders when role of Lorentz force is significant
Authors: Zhang Lei , Puneeth V. , Ijaz Khan Muhammad , El-Zahar Essam Roshdy , Manjunath N. , Shah Nehad Ali , Chung Jae Dong , Khan Sami Ullah , Khan M. Imran
Published: May 2022

The bioconvection flow of tiny fluid conveying the nanoparticles has been investigated between two concentric cylinders. The contribution of Lorenz force is also focused to inspect the bioconvection thermal transport of tiny particles. The tiny particles are assumed to flow between two concentric cylinders of different radii. The first cylinder remains at rest while flow is induced due to second cylinder which rotates with uniform velocity. Furthermore, the movement of tiny particles follows the principle of thermophoresis and Brownian motion as a part of thermal and mass gradient. Similarly, the gyro-tactic microorganisms swim in the nanofluid as a response to the density gradient and constitute bio-convection. The problem is modeled by using the certain laws. The numerical outcomes are computed by using RKF -45 method. The graphical simulations are performed for flow parameters with specific range like 1≤Re≤5, 1≤Ha≤5, 0.5≤Nt≤2.5, 1≤Nb≤3, 0.2≤Sc≤1.8, 0.2≤Pe≤1.0 and 0.2≤Ω≤1.0. It is observed that the flow velocity decreases with the increase in the Hartmann number that signifies the magnetic field. This outcome indicates that the flow velocity can be controlled externally through the magnetic field. Also, the increase in the Schmidt numbers increases the nanoparticle concentration and the motile density.
Radotinib inhibits multiple myeloma cell proliferation via suppression of STAT3 signaling
Authors: Heo Sook-Kyoung , Noh Eui-Kyu , Seo Hye Jin , Lee Yoo Jin , Koh SuJin , Min Young Joo , Choi Yunsuk , Jo Jae-Cheol
Published: May 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer causing from accumulated abnormal plasma cells. STAT3 overexpression in MM appears to be mediated by a variety of factors, and it may be associated with an adverse prognosis and play a role in microenvironment-dependent treatment resistance. Unfortunately, MM remains an incurable disease, as relapse is very common. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop new treatment options for MM. Radotinib is a novel anti-cancer drug, currently approved in South Korea for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients. It is an oral, multitargeted inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases, including BCR-ABL, c-KIT, PDGFR, and Src family kinases. However, little is known about the effects of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. However, little is known about the effects of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. But even tinip almost not known about the impact of multiple myeloma cells. Moreover, nothing is known about how it affects STAT3 and JAK2. In this study, we analyzed the effect of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. Herein, Moreover, nothing is known about how it. Moreover, not all is known about how the affects STAT3 and JAK2. We investigated the effect of radotinib on the STAT3 signaling pathway in MM cells, including several MM cell lines and mouse models. So we investigated the effect of radotinib on MM cells, including several MM cell lines and mouse models. Interestingly, radotinib induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation in MM cells including RPMI-8226, MM.1S, U266B1, and IM-9 cells. Moreover, radotinib treatment significantly increased the number Annexin V-positive cells and G0/G1-phase cells. In addition, radotinib treatment in various MM cells strongly suppressed the activity and expression of STAT3 and JAK2 proteins. We also observed that diverse proteins related to the STAT3 signaling pathway, including c-Myc, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, cyclin D1 and cyclin D3, were powerfully inhibited by radotinib treatment in MM cells. Furthermore, radotinib significantly suppressed MM cell growth in a xenograft animal model using IM-9 cells. In conclusion, radotinib may play an important role as a candidate agent for MM treatment.
Biathletes present repeating patterns of postural control to maintain their balance while shooting
Authors: Michalska Justyna , Zając Rafał , Szydło Krzysztof , Gerasimuk Dagmara , Słomka Kajetan J. , Juras Grzegorz
Published: May 2022

Balance can be a main factor contributing to success in many disciplines, and biathlon is a representative example. A more stable posture may be a key factor for shooting scores. The center of foot pressure (COP) is commonly recorded when evaluating postural control. As COP measurements are highly irregular and non-stationary, non-linear deterministic methods, such as entropy, are more appropriate for the analysis of COP displacement. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the longitudinal effects of biathlon training can elicit specific changes in postural control. Eight national-level biathletes, 15 non-athletes who prior to the experiment took part in 3 months of shooting training, and 15 non-athletes with no prior rifle shooting experience took part in our study. The data was collected with the use of a force plate. Participants performed three balance tasks in quiet standing, the shooting position (internal focus–participants concentrated on maintaining the correct body position and rifle), and aiming at the target (external focus–participants concentrated on keeping the laser beam centered on the targets). Biathletes obtained significantly lower values of sample entropy compared to the other groups during the shooting and aiming at the target trials (p<0.05). External and internal focuses influenced the process of postural control among participants who had prior rifle shooting experience and the control group; they obtained significantly higher values of sample entropy while shooting and aiming at the target compared to the quiet standing trial (p<0.05). The biathletes obtained significantly lower values of sample entropy in the aiming at the target position compared to the quiet standing trial. Specific balance training is associated with the ability to deal with a more challenging, non-specific task. The biathletes seemed to employ a different motor control strategy than the beginners and control group, creating repeating patterns (more regular signal for COP) to keep one’s balance during the shooting and aiming at the target positions.
Cognitive factors influenced physical distancing adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic in a population-specific way
Authors: Tarr Gillian A. M. , Morris Keeley J. , Harding Alyson B. , Jacobs Samuel , Smith M. Kumi , Church Timothy R. , Berman Jesse D. , Rau Austin , Ashida Sato , Ramirez Marizen R.
Published: May 2022

Even early in the COVID-19 pandemic, adherence to physical distancing measures was variable, exposing some communities to elevated risk. While cognitive factors from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and resilience correlate with compliance with physical distancing, external conditions may preclude full compliance with physical distancing guidelines. Our objective was to identify HBM and resilience constructs that could be used to improve adherence to physical distancing even when full compliance is not possible. We examined adherence as expressed through 7-day non-work, non-household contact rates in two cohorts: 1) adults in households with children from Minnesota and Iowa; and 2) adults ≥50 years-old from Minnesota, one-third of whom had Parkinson’s disease. We identified multiple cognitive factors associated with physical distancing adherence, specifically perceived severity, benefits, self-efficacy, and barriers. However, the magnitude, and occasionally the direction, of these associations was population-dependent. In Cohort 1, perceived self-efficacy for remaining 6-feet from others was associated with a 29% lower contact rate (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.65, 0.77). This finding was consistent across all race/ethnicity and income groups we examined. The barriers to adherence of having a child in childcare and having financial concerns had the largest effects among individuals from marginalized racial and ethnic groups and high-income households. In Cohort 2, self-efficacy to quarantine/isolate was associated with a 23% decrease in contacts (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.66, 0.89), but upon stratification by education level, the association was only present for those with at least a Bachelor’s degree. Education also modified the effect of the barrier to adherence leaving home for work, increasing contacts among those with a Bachelor’s degree and reducing contacts among those without. Our findings suggest that public health messaging tailored to the identified cognitive factors has the potential to improve physical distancing adherence, but population-specific needs must be considered to maximize effectiveness.
A microenvironment prediction model for Chinese solar greenhouses based on the bond graph approach
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Xingan , Li Tianlai , Ji Jianwei , Zhao Lei
Published: May 2022

To improve the prediction accuracy of temperature and humidity in typical Chinese solar greenhouses, this paper proposed a new longwave/shortwave radiation modeling method using bond graph. This model takes into account sun position, useful incoming solar radiation model, sky longwave radiation model, inside longwave, and shortwave radiation model. The approach solves the problems caused by underestimating the effects of longwave radiation on night temperature and relative humidity. The study found that after a period of t = 7.5 h, with the increase of sun altitude angle, the internal temperature was significantly affected by the temperature rise of outside environment on sunny day. The sun altitude angle gradually falls over a period of t = 12.5 h (beginning at 12.30 p.m.). The decline in night temperature steadily slowed after a period of t = 20.5 h. On the other hand, the temperature variation has a multi-peak distribution and the warming rate of the CSG slows down on cloudy days. Furthermore, a good agreement between the experimental and simulation data were obtained, with a maximum temperature deviation of 2°C and maximum humidity deviation of 5%. The developed model is a universal and valuable approach that can be used for greenhouse climate simulation. Furthermore, it can be used as a support system during decision-making processes to help manage Chinese solar greenhouses more efficiently, which provides several control perspectives on the low-energy greenhouse in the future. This work has also provided several control perspectives on the low energy greenhouse in the future.
A qualitative study of COVID-19 vaccine intentions and mistrust in Black Americans: Recommendations for vaccine dissemination and uptake
Authors: Dong Lu , Bogart Laura M. , Gandhi Priya , Aboagye James B. , Ryan Samantha , Serwanga Rosette , Ojikutu Bisola O.
Published: May 2022

Background

COVID-19 vaccination rates among Black Americans have been lower than White Americans and are disproportionate to their population size and COVID-19 impact. This study examined reasons for low vaccination intentions and preferred strategies to promote COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods

Between November 2020 and March 2021, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 participants who expressed low vaccination intentions in a RAND American Life Panel survey; we also interviewed five stakeholders who represent organizations or subgroups in Black communities that have been highly affected by COVID-19.

Results

Many interviewees discussed the “wait-and-see” approach, citing that more time and evidence for vaccine side effects and efficacy are needed. Perceived barriers to COVID-19 vaccination included structural barriers to access (e.g., transportation, technology) and medical mistrust (e.g., towards the vaccines themselves, the government, healthcare providers and healthcare systems, and pharmaceutical companies) stemming from historical and contemporary systematic racism against Black communities. Interviewees also discussed strategies to promote COVID-19 vaccines, including acknowledging systemic racism as the root cause for mistrust, preferred messaging content (e.g., transparent messages about side effects), modes, and access points (e.g., a variety of medical and non-medical sites), and trusted information sources (e.g., trusted leaders, Black doctors and researchers).

Conclusions

These insights can inform ways to improve initial and booster vaccination uptake as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses.
25-hydroxyvitamin D is a predictor of COVID-19 severity of hospitalized patients
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen N. , Raju Muppala N. P. , da Graca Briget , Wang Dapeng , Mohamed Nada A. , Mutnal Manohar B. , Rao Arundhati , Bennett Monica , Gokingco Matthew , Pham Huy , Mohammad Amin A.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Studies investigating the association between vitamin D and severity of COVID-19 have mixed results perhaps due to immunoassay assessment of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (tD) (the sum of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D2 [25-OH-D2] and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 [25-OH-D3]). Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has high analytical specificity and sensitivity for 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3, and thus enables a more accurate assessment of impact on COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods

We established reference intervals for 25-OH-D3 and tD using LC-MS/MS. 25-OH-D2, 25-OH-D3 and tD were quantitated for 88 COVID-19 positive and 122 COVID-19 negative specimens. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to test associations in binary variables. T-Tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for continuous variables. Cox proportional hazards were used to test associations between 25-OH-D3 or tD levels and length of stay (LOS). For mortality and ventilation, logistic regression models were used.

Results

COVID-19 patients with deficient (<20 ng/mL) levels of 25-OH-D3 had significantly longer LOS by 15.3 days. COVID-19 P patients with deficient (<20 ng/mL) and insufficient (<30 ng/mL) of tD had significantly longer LOS by 12.1 and 8.2 days, respectively. Patients with insufficient levels of tD had significantly longer LOS by 13.7 days. COVID-19 patients with deficient serum 25-OH-D3 levels had significantly increased risk-adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality (OR [95% CI]: 5.29 [1.53–18.24]); those with insufficient 25-OH-D3 had significantly increased risk for requiring ventilation during hospitalization was found at LCMS insufficient cutoff (OR [95% CI]: 2.75 [1.10–6.90]).

Conclusions

There is an inverse relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and hospital LOS for COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D status is a predictor for severity of outcomes. LCMS results are useful for assessing the odds of mortality and the need for ventilation during hospitalization.
A neutralizing antibody target in early HIV-1 infection was recapitulated in rhesus macaques immunized with the transmitted/founder envelope sequence
Authors: Welbourn Sarah , Chakraborty Srirupa , Yang Jie E. , Gleinich Anne S. , Gangadhara Sailaja , Khan Salar , Ferrebee Courtney , Yagnik Bhrugu , Burton Samantha , Charles Tysheena , Smith S. Abigail , Williams Danielle , Mopuri Rohini , Upadhyay Amit A. , Thompson Justin , Price Matt A. , Wang Shiyu , Qin Zhaohui , Shen Xiaoying , Williams LaTonya D. , Eisel Nathan , Peters Tiffany , Zhang Lu , Kilembe William , Karita Etienne , Tomaras Georgia D. , Bosinger Steven E. , Amara Rama R. , Azadi Parastoo , Wright Elizabeth R. , Gnanakaran Sandrasegaram , Derdeyn Cynthia A.
Published: May 2022

Transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) from infected individuals that developed neutralization breadth are likely to possess inherent features desirable for vaccine immunogen design. To explore this premise, we conducted an immunization study in rhesus macaques (RM) using T/F Env sequences from two human subjects, one of whom developed potent and broad neutralizing antibodies (Z1800M) while the other developed little to no neutralizing antibody responses (R66M) during HIV-1 infection. Using a DNA/MVA/protein immunization protocol, 10 RM were immunized with each T/F Env. Within each T/F Env group, the protein boosts were administered as either monomeric gp120 or stabilized trimeric gp140 protein. All vaccination regimens elicited high titers of antigen-specific IgG, and two animals that received monomeric Z1800M Env gp120 developed autologous neutralizing activity. Using early Env escape variants isolated from subject Z1800M as guides, the serum neutralizing activity of the two immunized RM was found to be dependent on the gp120 V5 region. Interestingly, the exact same residues of V5 were also targeted by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb) isolated from the subject Z1800M early in infection. Glycan profiling and computational modeling of the Z1800M Env gp120 immunogen provided further evidence that the V5 loop is exposed in this T/F Env and was a dominant feature that drove neutralizing antibody targeting during infection and immunization. An expanded B cell clonotype was isolated from one of the neutralization-positive RM and nmAbs corresponding to this group demonstrated V5-dependent neutralization similar to both the RM serum and the human Z1800M nmAb. The results demonstrate that neutralizing antibody responses elicited by the Z1800M T/F Env in RM converged with those in the HIV-1 infected human subject, illustrating the potential of using immunogens based on this or other T/F Envs with well-defined immunogenicity as a starting point to drive breadth.
"Refranes y Sentencias" (1596): Girolamo da Sommaiaren Salamancako lekukotasunetik Darmstadteko faksimile(ta)ra
Authors: Ulibarri Orueta Koldo
Published: May 2022

MLV II. Jardunaldietan Refranes y Sentencias liburuaren bigarren mailako lekukotasun bat aurkeztu genuen, Girolamo da Sommaia humanista italiarrak Salamancan zela egin zuen erdal zatiaren kopia. Lan honen lehenengo zatian eskuizkribua aurkeztuko dugu, eta kopia berri honek orain arte liburuaz genekienaz gainerako datu berririk erakusten ote digun aztertuko. Lanaren bigarren zatian, Darmstadten gordetzen zen alearen argazkietara hurbilduko gara eta galduriko ale hura berrikusiko dugu bibliografia materialaren ikerketa moldeaz baliaturik, bereziki alean genituen eskuzko oharrak bilduz eta aztertuz. Modu horretan, saiatuko gara erakusten nolako jabea izan zuen ale hark eta zein giro kulturaletan mugitu zen liburua.
Primera aproximación al estudio de un manuscrito del siglo XVIII: el "Vocabulario Pomier"
Authors: Zulaika Hernández Josu M.
Published: May 2022

Presentamos en este trabajo el Vocabulario Pomier, manuscrito anónimo del siglo xviii que, pese a hallarse en la Biblioteca Foral de Bizkaia —importantísima biblioteca pública sita en pleno centro de Bilbao—, no parecía haber llamado hasta el momento la atención de los vascólogos. Hasta donde alcanzan nuestras noticias, tan solo Justo Mocoroa se sirvió escuetamente del mismo para rescatar algunas locuciones que incluyó en su obra Ortik eta emendik (1990). El Vocabulario Pomier comprende cerca de 3500 lemas vascos pertenecientes al dialecto central o guipuzcoano, siendo el español —al menos formalmente— la lengua de destino. Aunque en el manuscrito no aparece la fecha de su elaboración, nosotros creemos que pudo ser elaborado entre 1729 y 1745, con lo que, de confirmarse esta hipótesis, vendría a engrosar la magra nómina de los repertorios lexicográficos anteriores al Diccionario Trilingüe (1745) de Larramendi. A la espera de la pronta edición crítica del vocabulario junto al profesor Ricardo Gómez, en el presente estudio hablaremos de la historia del manuscrito (§ 2); de sus características físicas (§ 3); de la disposición y estructura del vocabulario (§ 4); de sus fuentes (§ 5); de su posible datación (§ 6); y de la variedad lingüística del euskera del vocabulario (§ 7).
Adi-tik *edin-era: aditz laguntzaile baten identifikazioa euskal gramatikagintzan
Authors: Gómez-López Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Artikulu honetan *edin aditz laguntzailearen adizkiak euskal gramatika zaharretan (XVII-XIX) nola deskribatu eta sailkatu ziren aztertuko dut: gramatikari zaharrek zein laguntzaileren barruan sartu zituzten eta haien sailkapenen arrazoiak zein izan zitezkeen erakutsiko dut. Azterketa amaituko da *edin partizipioa berreraiki zuen Willem Jan van Eysen proposamenekin.
Antibiotikoen erresistentziak agroekosistemetan
Authors: Jauregi Aizpurua Leire , Garbisu Crespo Carlos , Epelde Sierra Lur
Published: May 2022

Antibiotikoak ezinbesteko tresna bilakatu dira medikuntza eta albaitaritzan bakterio-infekzioei aurre egiteko. Antibiotikoen gehiegizko erabilerak eta erabilera okerrak osasun-erronka garrantzitsuenetako bat bizkortu dute, bakterioek antibiotikoekiko erresistentzia zabala garatu baitute. Mundu mailako arazo hau Osasun Bakarraren ikuspegitik aztertu behar da, antibiotikoekiko erresistentziak gizakien, animalien eta ingurumenaren artean partekatu, barreiatu eta ugaritzen baitira. Adibidez, lurzoruetan ongarri organikoak aplikatzeak lurren osasuna eta uzten etekina hobetu ditzake. Hala ere, praktika honek arriskuak dakartza, lurzorura iritsi baitaitezke gizaki nahiz abereek guztiz metabolizatu ez dituzten antibiotikoak. Antibiotikoa hedatzeaz gain, antibiotikoekiko erresistenteak diren geneak, bakterioak eta elementu genetiko mugikorrak barreiatzea dakar mota honetako ongarri organikoen erabilerak. Izan ere, lurzoruetan etengabe antibiotikoak sartzeak mehatxu potentziala sortzen du bertako bakterioentzat; bakterio antibiotikoekiko erresistenteak ugaritu egiten dira eta bertako bakterio-komunitateen bioaniztasuna aldatzen dute. Barreiadura zabal honen ondorioz, gero eta gehiago, antibiotikoen erabilera ez da eraginkorra izaten ari erresistente diren patogenoen infekzioen tratamenduetan. Berrikuspen honetan, lehenik, antibiotikoen nahiz antibiotikoekiko erresistente diren geneen jatorria eta mekanismoak azaltzen dira. Jarraian, lurzoruetan egiten den giza edo animalia-jatorriko ongarri organikoen erabilera aipatzen da, antibiotikoak eta erresistentziak ingurumenean barreiatzeko sarbide garrantzitsuak direlako. Ondoren, antibiotikoekiko erresistentziek ingurumenean duten eragina azaltzen da, esposizio-bidea jarraituz kultiboetatik gizakietara iritsi arte. Azkenik, abereetatik eratorritako ongarri organikoetan antibiotikoekiko erresistentzien arriskua gutxitzeko erabilgarriak izan litezkeen kudeaketa-prozesuak proposatzen ditugu.
Joana Garmendia: Irony
Authors: García Lorenzo Yolanda
Published: May 2022

Garmendiaren Ironyk — Cambridge University Presseko Key Topics in Semantics and Pragmatics sailaren barruan— sakon aztertzen du hitzezko ironia, pragmatikaren ikuspuntutik.
Curso Jesuíta Conimbricense: Comentário ao De Anima de Aristóteles
Authors: Camps Maria da Conceição , Carvalho Mário Santiago de , Pinho Sebastião Tavares de
Published: May 2022

Comentário ao ´De Anima´ de Aristóteles integrado na série dos Curso Jesuíta Conimbricense (1592-1606). Este volume dedica-se à tradução, edição, explicação (explanatio) e questionamento (quaestio) dos livros I e II da obra aristotélica sobre biologia, os sentidos, o conhecimento sensível e inteligível.
Abordaje farmacoterapéutico de la ansiedad desde la oficina de farmacia
Authors: Remón Álvarez-Arenas María Mercedes , Morales Gama Estefanía , Palomero Gil María del Rosario
Published: May 2022

El consumo de fármacos indicados en el tratamiento de trastornos del sueño, ansiedad y depresión –benzodiazepinas, análogos Z y antidepresivos– se ha visto duplicado en el año 2020 a raíz de la pandemia mundial COVID-19 frente a 2019. El objetivo principal del trabajo es analizar el perfil del paciente en tratamiento con ansiolíticos/antidepresivos teniendo en cuenta variables como edad, sexo, principio activo y constancia con la medicación. Se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo transversal, en el que la población de estudio consta de pacientes en tratamiento con al menos un fármaco ansiolítico –hipnótico o benzodiacepina–, siendo una muestra total de 80 pacientes. La recogida de datos se realizó durante los meses de marzo a junio en la oficina de farmacia a través de un cuestionario, contestado de forma voluntaria y anónima por los participantes. Para su elaboración se realizó una búsqueda por principio activo/especialidad farmacéutica, a través de las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos. Los cuestionarios fueron analizados en la base de datos Python v3.8.5. Se observó que el consumo de esta clase de fármacos es más común en mujeres y en personas de entre 20-30 años, siendo lorazepam el ansiolítico más dispensado y combinado con antidepresivos.