bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of cloth modeling and simulation for virtual fitting
Authors: Li Xingxing , Li Xin rong , Li Yuzhuo , Feng Wenqian
Published: November 2022

Virtual fitting technology is widely used in many fields, such as e-commerce, garment computer-aided design, and film and game production. Cloth modeling and simulation play an important role in virtual fitting. The realism and simulation speed directly affect the user experience and visual appearance. This paper first reviews the history of cloth modeling and simulation methods. Then, it focuses on four perspectives: yarn-structure modeling of the cloth modeling level; multi-resolution grid simulation; the relation between human posture and cloth deformation; and collision problems of the cloth simulation level. Yarn-structure modeling considers a unit cell that incorporates the physical characteristics of the fabric and the fabric structure. A multi-resolution grid can integrate techniques from different research fields and may achieve a breakthrough in cloth modeling. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have potential for dealing with the relation between human posture and cloth deformation by comparing several typical algorithms with GANs. Solving the collision and friction problem depends on choosing the right envelope box for refining the human body surface. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of future research trends that could improve the fidelity and speed of a simulation. The paper may serve as a reference for research into cloth modeling and simulation for virtual fitting.
Racial Equity in Transfer Incentive Policies: A Critical Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: George Mwangi Chrystal A. , Feraud-King Patricia , Chen Ling , Tejada Miguel , Brause Caryn , Stephens Kat J. , Scippio-McFadden Jamina M. , Edelstein Jeffrey , Wells Ryan S.
Published: November 2022

Objective/Research Question:

This article examines the racial equity of transfer incentive policies by responding to the research question: How do students of differing races and ethnicities vary in their opportunity to benefit from transfer incentive policies?

Methods:

We utilized a mixed-methods approach, grounded in Critical Race Theory (CRT). This study included an analysis of state policies’ components and mechanisms to consider whether they are grounded in racially unjust assumptions. The critical policy analysis is combined with a QuantCrit analysis of national data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS) to understand how identified aspects of the policies would affect students of differing races/ethnicities.

Results:

Our critical policy discourse analysis demonstrates that states’ transfer incentive policies could foster racial inequity through the requirements students must meet (e.g., full-time status, being under the age of 24) and assumptions about what students may know or need regarding transfer. The QuantCrit analysis revealed that many transfer incentive requirements from the policy analysis findings would have a disproportionately negative effect on racially minoritized students’ transfer eligibility. Together, findings and results illustrate how transfer incentives can contribute to educational inequity for racially minoritized students via color-evasive and meritocratic policies.

Conclusions/Contributions:

Implications include policy reform needed for the development of incentives aligned with closing the racial transfer gap and focused on incentivizing 2- and 4-year institutions in improving the transfer rates of racially minoritized students.
Leaders’ Impulsive Versus Strategic Abuse, Goal Realization, and Subsequent Supportive Behaviors: A Self-Regulation Perspective
Authors: Huai Mingyun , Lian Huiwen , Farh Jiing-Lih , Wang Hai-Jiang
Published: November 2022

Leaders may engage in abusive behaviors due to impulsive or strategic drives, but it is unclear whether impulsive and strategic abuse can be differentiated and if they have distinct outcomes. The current research, framed by self-regulation theory, represents an effort to differentiate impulsive and strategic drives of leaders’ abusive behaviors and examine their effects on subsequent supportive behaviors toward subordinates via goal attainment. Leaders’ abusive behaviors, when driven by impulses (strategic rationales), undermine (promote) their goal realization. Because leaders constantly regulate their interactions with subordinates, once they achieve high (low) goal realization, leaders increase (decrease) their supportive behaviors toward those subordinates. Overall, leaders’ impulsive abuse negatively (strategic abuse positively) relates to their subsequent supportive behaviors toward subordinates, through its negative (positive) effect on goal realization. Moreover, self-regulation theory suggests that the effect of leaders’ strategic abuse depends on subordinates’ ability to understand and meet leaders’ expectations; accordingly, subordinate competence strengthens the positive effect of leaders’ strategic abuse on supportive behaviors toward subordinates via goal realization. We first establish a reliable, valid scale to measure impulsive and strategic abuse, and then conduct two experience sampling studies that offer support for the proposed theoretical model. This article concludes with a discussion of both theoretical and practical implications.
Colorism in the Rental Housing Market: Field Experimental Evidence of Discrimination by Skin Color
Authors: Branigan Amelia R. , Hall Matthew
Published: November 2022

Although sociological research on colorism has affirmed an association between lighter skin and socioeconomic advantage, causal estimates of discrimination are challenging to generate outside of experimental contexts. Using data from an audit study conducted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, we present field experimental evidence of colorism in the rental housing market for Black and Hispanic Americans, demonstrating variation in discrimination by the race of the agent, race of the renter, and the outcome in question. Our findings suggest that a macrosocial preference for lighter skin has the potential to translate into microsocial interactions in more complicated ways than a consistent light-skin privilege, emphasizing the need to better understand how color-based discrimination operates in the lived contexts where interventions might be possible. Results also suggest that discrimination by skin color may reflect varied processes by race and ethnicity, necessitating an understanding of colorism as inherently intersectional.
Mindfulness and individual, relational, and parental outcomes during the transition to parenthood
Authors: Leavitt Chelom E , Wikle Jocelyn S , Kramer Holmes Erin , Pierce Hayley , Eyring JB , Gibby Ashley Larsen , Brown Alyssa L , Leiter Virginia
Published: November 2022

With more than one million couples transitioning to parenthood each year, finding ways to enable healthier transitions is salient. Trait mindful awareness and sexual mindfulness were examined in an Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework using 169 mixed-sex, married couples to evaluate their association with individual, relational, and parental outcomes. For couples who have transitioned to parenthood, mothers’ trait mindfulness was associated with their own higher mental health and fathers; trait mindfulness was associated with their own higher quality mental health; mothers’ and fathers’ sexually mindful nonjudgment, an ability to remain mindful during sex, was associated with fathers’ higher quality mental health and mothers’ sexually mindful nonjudgment was associated with their own higher quality mental health. Mothers’ trait mindfulness was also associated with their report of lower pregnancy and delivery stress. Higher reports of sexual nonjudgement by both mothers and father were also associated with higher parenting satisfaction for fathers. Thus, mindfulness and sexual mindfulness may be particularly important skills to support new parents’ mental health, relational satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and parenting satisfaction. Transition to parenthood scholars and practitioners have long been invested in understanding risk and protective factors for new parents and are commonly seeking important points of education and/or intervention to support this transition. Our study suggests mindfulness may both reduce risk and promote healthy behaviors that support mothers, fathers, and their relationship.
The impact of intrathecal baclofen on the ability to walk: A systematic review
Authors: Lee Hui Ping , Win Thuya , Balakrishnan Sudha
Published: November 2022

Objective

Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for lower limb spasticity. In ambulatory patients with spasticity, there is a justifiable concern that ITB treatment may compromise ambulatory function by reducing the heightened muscle tone, thereby unmasking underlying muscle weakness. ITB is hence offered with reservation in ambulant patients. In this article, we review the literature surrounding the effect of ITB therapy on ambulatory function in patients with concurrent spasticity and discuss the key findings.

Data sources

A literature search of ProQuest Medline and EBSCO CINAHL databases was performed.

Review method

Inclusion criteria included (a) studies reporting the effect of ITB in adult ambulatory patients; (b) studies with an intervention of screening test trial via either bolus injections or continuous infusion tests; and (c) studies with an intervention of ITB pump implantation. Seventeen eligible studies were identified and two authors independently assessed the study quality using the risk of bias in nonrandomised studies of interventions tool (ROBINS-I).

Results

Seventeen studies were included, with a total of 534 participants. Most of the patients remain ambulatory after ITB treatment, accompanied by improvements in gait speed and reduction in spasticity.

Conclusion

ITB therapy when administered in carefully selected ambulatory patients with spasticity is not associated with loss of ambulatory function.
Governing Emotions: Hybrid media, Ontological Insecurity and the Normalisation of Far-Right Fantasies
Authors: Kisic Merino Pasko , Kinnvall Catarina
Published: November 2022

Focusing on the debates on ‘due impartiality’ provided to far-right leaders in Swedish media, this article uses a Lacanian approach to address the relationship between the practices of normalisation of far-right discourses and fantasies, and the evolution of emotional governance at the interstice of old (i.e. traditional) and new (e.g. social media) media. Emotional governance refers to the everyday emotionally charged utterances and statements made by political leaders. However, this phenomenon can also be read in a larger Foucauldian sense as techniques of surveillance, control and manipulation and as related to narrative representational fantasies. Studies dealing with the normalisation of far-right discourse from a media perspective tend to focus on framing, journalistic norms, market structures and business incentives. We aim to expand these perspectives by opening a discussion on the interplay between the ontological (in)securities attached to the emotional governance of far-right leaders, and the techno-social affordances and roles provided to (and by) ‘old’ and ’new’ actors in the hybrid media ecosystem. We further analyse this interplay by looking at the particular fantasies embedded in it and the consequences of the enactment of ‘due impartiality' and equal footing’ norms and practices in the Swedish media landscape.
Understanding the Impact of Perceived Social Support for Breastfeeding Among African American Women: Results From the Mama Bear Feasibility Trial
Authors: Shipp Gayle M. , Weatherspoon Lorraine J. , Comstock Sarah S. , Alexander Gwen L. , Gardiner Joseph C. , Kerver Jean M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Perceived Social Support (PSS) can impact breastfeeding behaviors, and a lack of PSS potentially contributes to disparities in breastfeeding rates for African American women (AA). Objectives were to describe PSS at two timepoints and test associations between PSS and breastfeeding intensity for AA.

Methods

Data are from a feasibility trial of breastfeeding support among AA. The Hughes Breastfeeding Support Scale was used to measure PSS (Emotional, Informational, Tangible; total range = 30–120) in pregnancy (T1, n = 32) and early postpartum (T2, n = 31). Scale means were compared with t-tests. Associations between PSS at T1 and breastfeeding intensity (ie, quantitative measure of breastfeeding) were assessed with linear regression.

Results

Total PSS (mean ± SE) was high at both time points (T1 = 90.5 ± 4.8; T2 = 92.8 ± 3.1). At T2, older participants or those living with a partner had higher total PSS scores compared to those younger or living alone. Emotional PSS was significantly higher at T2 than T1 with no differences in tangible or informational PSS over time. Mixed-feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and exclusive formula feeding was distributed at 39%, 32%, and 29%, respectively. Total PSS was not associated with breastfeeding intensity.

Conclusion

Women reported high levels of social support, and emotional PSS increased over time in this small sample of AA. PSS and sources of PSS are understudied, especially among AA, and future studies should explore quantitative methods to assess PSS. The results of such assessments can then be used to design breastfeeding support interventions.
4D printing light-/thermo-responsive shape memory composites based on thermoplastic polyurethane/polylactic acid/polyaniline blends
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Wang Yanen , Liu Minyan , Wei Qinghua , Du Bing
Published: November 2022

In this work, a series of polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane/polyaniline (PLA/TPU/PANI) blends with different weight ratios were prepared by Fused deposition molding First, six groups of PLA/TPU (U9A1/U8A2/U7A3/U6A4/U5A5/U4A6) and three groups of PLA/TPU/PANI (821/823/825) with different ratios were fabricated by melt blending. Then, the effects of different filament forming and printing process parameters on print resolution and quality were investigated. Next, printed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical experiments. The results of FTIR and TGA showed no chemical reaction between different components, and uniform distribution of the material was observed in the SEM. The tensile and compressive curves of the samples showed an inverted U-shape. Finally, the shape-memory property was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. For PLA/TPU blends, U8A2 had the best shape memory capability ([Formula: see text] = 80.8% and [Formula: see text] = 100%). Based on the excellent shape memory performance of PLA/TPU, the addition of PANI can introduce a light-actuated mechanism to form a binary-driven shape memory material. The composite materials prepared in this work can be applied to tissue engineering scaffolds, medical devices, soft robots and so on.
The Effect of Development-induced Displacement on Adivasis: Evidence from the Rourkela Steel Plant Project in India
Authors: Kujur John
Published: November 2022

This paper analyses the long-term impact of displacement by assessing the impoverishment risks among the displaced adivasi population of Rourkela resettled in peri-urban and rural resettlement colonies. The study ascertains that even after six decades of displacement, adivasis in both resettlement colonies continue to face such risks, however, to a different degree according to where they were resettled. Joblessness has been a common risk among them, and it seems central to all other risks. Moreover, the persistence of these impoverishment risks among them is attributed to the violation of constitutional provisions and unfulfilled promises during and post-displacement period.
Clinical outcomes of hybrid closed wedge high tibial osteotomy for advanced osteoarthritis of the knee compared with total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ishimatsu Tetsuro , Takeuchi Ryohei , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Maeyama Akira , Osawa Katsunari , Kimura Natsumi , Yamamoto Takuaki
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate clinical outcomes between hybrid closed wedge high tibial osteotomy (HCWHTO) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for advanced medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee (advanced knee OA).

Methods

In more than grade 3 OA based on the Kellgren-Lawrence classification, when patients’ age was less than 60 years or activity level was more than level 5 based on the UCLA activity score, 22 knees (18 patients) underwent HCWHTO. The other 22 knees (18 patients) that underwent TKA were evaluated retrospectively. Muscle strength was evaluated preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (J-KOOS) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes preoperatively and at a mean 66-months follow-up.

Results

All postoperative muscle strength measures improved to preoperative equivalent levels in the HCWHTO group; they were significantly higher in the HCWHTO group than in the TKA group ( p < .05). The VAS score and total J-KOOS significantly improved in both groups (HCWHTO, p = .001; TKA, p = .040); there were no significant differences in the scores between the groups at the final follow-up. Hybrid closed wedge HTO significantly improved the activities of daily living and sport/recreation scores, whereas TKA did not at the final follow-up.

Conclusions

In advanced knee OA, HCWHTO led to improved muscle strength, and its midterm clinical outcomes were equivalent to those of TKA. To postpone or even to avoid TKA, HCWHTO is considered an appropriate treatment for young and high-activity patients with advanced knee OA.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic Level III
Effect of Veau Class on Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Composition
Authors: Chiang Sarah N , Meyer Gretchen A , Skolnick Gary B , Hunter Daniel A , Wood Matthew D , Li Xiaowei , Snyder-Warwick Alison K , Patel Kamlesh B
Published: November 2022

Objective

To examine levator veli palatini muscle composition in patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate and investigate the impact of Veau class.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care academic hospital.

Patients/Participants

Thirteen patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate were recruited.

Interventions

During primary palatoplasty, a sample of levator veli palatini muscle was excised and prepared for histological analysis.

Main Outcome Measures

Fat and collagen content were determined utilizing Oil Red and Sirius red stains, respectively, while muscle fiber cross-sectional areas were calculated from H&E-stained samples, with analysis using histomorphometric methods. Immunofluorescent staining of myosin heavy chain isoforms was performed.

Results

Patients underwent repair at 10.8 months of age (interquartile range [IQR] 10.2-12.9). Fat content of the levator veli palatini muscle was low in both groups, ranging from 0% to 5.2%. Collagen content ranged from 8.5% to 39.8%; neither fat nor collagen content showed an association with Veau classes. Mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area decreased with increasing Veau class, from 808 µm2 (range 692-995 µm2) in Veau II to 651 µm2 (range 232-750 µm2) in Veau III ( P = .02). There was also a nonsignificant decrease in proportion of type I muscle fibers with increasing Veau class (44.3% [range 31.4%-84.4%] in Veau II vs 35.3% [range 17.4%-61.3%] in Veau III).

Conclusions

Muscle fiber area in levator veli palatini muscles decreases in Veau III clefts in comparison to Veau II. The impact of these differences in velopharyngeal dysfunction requires further analysis of a larger cohort.
Be Adaptive to Stay: A Multidimensional Examination of Career Adaptability Among Hospitality Employees
Authors: Lee Lindsey , Mistry Trishna G. , Ponting Sandra Sun-Ah , Wang Xingyu , Leung Xi Y.
Published: November 2022

This study seeks to examine the relationship between career adaptability (concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) and attrition intention among hospitality employees through the attitudinal and emotional mediation of career satisfaction and anxiety, respectively. Based on career construction theory, the results reveal that career satisfaction mediates the relationship between the career adaptability dimensions of concern, confidence, and curiosity to attrition intentions of hospitality employees as an attitudinal response, whereas career anxiety mediates the relationship between concern and control to attrition intentions as an emotional response. Lastly, the study also tests the moderating role of employee status and suggests that career adaptability serves as a psychological resource for full-time employees but not for part-time employees. The findings of this study provide important practical contributions to preserving the future workforce of the hospitality industry.
Multi bandgaps design of sandwich metamaterial plate with embedded membrane-type resonators
Authors: Li Jinqiang , Zhang Yao , Fan Xinlei , Li Fengming
Published: November 2022

A metamaterial plate with multi bandgaps is proposed for vibration suppression by integrating membrane-mass structures that can be used as locally resonant metastructure into a honeycomb sandwich structure. The finite element method is employed to calculate the band structure and the transmission spectra. The formation mechanisms of the locally resonant bandgaps are investigated via the analysis of the mode shapes of the membrane-mass resonator and face plate in a unit cell. The effects of the location of the attached mass on the bandgap property and an improved multi bandgaps structure is designed and discussed. Results show that the proposed multifunctional metamaterial exhibits an excellent vibration suppression performance, as well as a significant designability. Moreover, a specimen of the proposed metamaterial is fabricated and experimental measurements are performed, and a good agreement between the numerical predictions and the experimental results is obtained. The results of this study will be useful for the design of sandwich structures with multiple vibration bandgaps.
The application of teret-teret as a psychotherapy technique in the context of Ethiopia
Authors: Gemeda Tarekegn Tadesse , Mohangi Kamleshie , Scherman Vanessa
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to examine whether Ethiopian oral stories and narratives, known as teret-teret (a story, a story), could be used as a psychotherapy technique in Ethiopia. Thirteen participants were purposively chosen for the study based on their experience with teret-teret application. They included nine elders, two folklore experts, and two counselors. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings demonstrated that teret-teret was a beneficial psychotherapy technique used in Ethiopia to help young adolescents mitigate their socio-emotional and behavioral challenges. The implications of the findings highlight the necessity of reconstructing and using teret-teret in structured and formal ways in schools, childcare facilities, and communities. It also suggests that future studies should concentrate on extended longitudinal studies that use a mixed-methods design.
Knowledge of Food Safety and Handling Practices Among Food Handlers of Student Cafeteria at Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bulto Tadesse Weyuma , Juta Getachew Yigezu , Demissie Betelhem Beleyneh , Woldemichael Setusaga Jote , Werku Birhanu Chalchisa , Berkessa Yifru Waktole
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Food-borne disease is a major health problem especially in low-income countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of food handlers at student cafeteria of Kotebe Metropolitan University.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 68 food handlers in student cafeteria of Kotebe Metropolitan University from May 30, 2018 to October 30, 2019. A structured questionnaire was used via face-to-face interviews to assess food handler’s knowledge of food safety and practices food safety. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 20 and presented in the form of frequency tables, percentages, and graphs. The association was tested using Pearson’s chi-square, where P-value (<.05) was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The result showed that food handlers had good knowledge of food safety and good practice of food safety measured by the passing score of 40 (57.94%) and 48 (70.6%), respectively. Almost all food handlers were aware of the crucial role of knowledge of food safety and food safety practices in the student cafeteria. Accordingly, results of this work revealed that 67 (98.5%), 60 (88.2%), 65 (95.6%), and 56 (82.4%) of the subjects had food safety knowledge, always wash vegetables and fruits, had hand washing facilities with a supply of hot water, soap, and hand drying towel, had a hair mask or cloth during food preparation, and wore safety cloth during food preparation, respectively.

Conclusion:

The findings revealed significant relationship between food safety practices of food handlers and level of education, specifically regarding access to hand washing facilities, hand washing after a break and in the toilet, changing gloves between raw and ready-to-eat food, and drying and cleaning hands before handling food ( P < .05). Additionally, Kotebe Metropolitan University should design food handling and safety guidelines and offer specific training for food handling workers.
Electronic surveillance of patient safety events using natural language processing
Authors: Ozonoff Al , Milliren Carly E , Fournier Kerri , Welcher Jennifer , Landschaft Assaf , Samnaliev Mihail , Saluvan Mehmet , Waltzman Mark , Kimia Amir A
Published: November 2022

Objective

We describe our approach to surveillance of reportable safety events captured in hospital data including free-text clinical notes. We hypothesize that a) some patient safety events are documented only in the clinical notes and not in any other accessible source; and b) large-scale abstraction of event data from clinical notes is feasible.

Materials and Methods

We use regular expressions to generate a training data set for a machine learning model and apply this model to the full set of clinical notes and conduct further review to identify safety events of interest. We demonstrate this approach on peripheral intravenous (PIV) infiltrations and extravasations (PIVIEs).

Results

During Phase 1, we collected 21,362 clinical notes, of which 2342 were reviewed. We identified 125 PIV events, of which 44 cases (35%) were not captured by other patient safety systems. During Phase 2, we collected 60,735 clinical notes and identified 440 infiltrate events. Our classifier demonstrated accuracy above 90%.

Conclusion

Our method to identify safety events from the free text of clinical documentation offers a feasible and scalable approach to enhance existing patient safety systems. Expert reviewers, using a machine learning model, can conduct routine surveillance of patient safety events.
Energy harvesting from a cantilever beam with a spring-loaded oscillating mass system and base excitation
Authors: Mohanty Anwesa , Behera Rabindra Kumar
Published: November 2022

The present study deals with the mathematical modeling of a nonlinear energy harvester (EH) to analyze it's frequency bandwidth for optimal use. The exhibited unique piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) contains a cantilever beam as resonator with a moving mass. To fulfill the mechanism, the mass needs to be connected to the fixed end of the beam with a spring that acts as a mechanical amplifier. A novel analytical approach with 1:2 internal resonance (IR) including kinematic nonlinearity is addressed for energy harvesting. The occurrence of strong nonlinear coupling is the result of constant interconnection between the beam and moving mass. A discrete electro-mechanical coupled equation is derived using Galerkin's method followed by Hamilton's energy method. To analyze the effect of input parameters on the frequency bandwidth, MATLAB code is improved by implementing the “Method of multiple scales” (MMS) for furthering the energy output of the system. Due to IR, the solution tilted to two branches in the designed EH, witnessing broader frequency bandwidth. The influence of different system parameters such as spring stiffness, mass, and velocity of moving mass changed the position of central frequency resulting in the change in symmetry of frequency response.
Origin stories of local journalism entrepreneurs
Authors: Wahl-Jorgensen Karin
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the origin stories of local journalism entrepreneurs in the UK, based on 57 in-depth interviews and a survey of 116 practitioners, carried out in 2020–2021. In doing so, it focuses on the motivations and identities of editors of what are variably known as community journalism outlets and hyperlocals. These outlets represent a growing sector which has filled the gap left behind by the closure and consolidation of local and regional newspapers. Many have been established over the past decade, frequently by journalists previously working for traditional media organisations. Drawing on insights from the field of social enterprise, the article shows that, like other social entrepreneurs, community journalists are driven by a range of motivations: Their decisions to start up new outlets are frequently informed by economic conditions, including gaps in the local news market. But more importantly, they also tend to be strongly influenced by normative ideals, including the desire to improve their communities through news provision. The distinctive articulation of these normative ideals demonstrates that local journalism entrepreneurs embody distinctive professional identities associated with conceptions of what constitutes “good” local journalism. These are tied to the provision of news which authentically captures the experience of the local community. Editors’ origin stories reveal an emphasis on authority grounded in knowledge of, and a passionate attachment to, the local community.
Taking to the streets: The effects of in-the-field harassment against journalists covering protests
Authors: Miller Kaitlin C , Kocan Samantha
Published: November 2022

Since 2017, 518 journalists have been attacked while covering protests (U.S. Press Freedom Tracker, 2021) which is one of the most dangerous places to be as a journalist in the United States (Sterne & Peters, 2017). Despite the volatile climate around journalists as they cover increasingly dangerous protests (Luqiu, 2020), there is minimal understanding as to the effect of these events on them (Talabi, et al., 2021). Furthermore, there is a gap in the hostility literature examining harassment that journalists face in the field. Through a survey of U.S. journalists, this study finds that covering protests causes journalists mental and emotional health concerns, which influences how they view their journalistic roles. Furthermore, the effects of positive and negative encounters at protests affected journalists personally, depending on who the perpetrator was (protestor or law enforcement)—influencing everything from PTSD and anxiety to intentions to leave journalism. The paper ultimately underscores the need for news organizations to make sure journalists not only are safe, but also feel safe, when reporting in the field.
Experimental and model-based analysis of combustion and auto-ignition of gasoline and three surrogate fuels in a single-cylinder research engine operated under knocking conditions
Authors: Kircher Magnus , Schneider Jonathan , Popp Sebastian , Gierth Sandro , Günther Marco , Hasse Christian
Published: November 2022

A systematic analysis of knocking combustion at the knock limit in a single-cylinder research engine is conducted. Both experimental and numerical methods are used to investigate the physical phenomena involved in knocking combustion. While real gasoline fuel can be used directly in experimental studies, this is not feasible in numerical simulations. Here, surrogate fuels with a reduced number of components defined to match the desired properties, such as knock resistance, are employed. In this work, standard gasoline and three surrogate fuels are considered. Differences in composition complexity are covered by selecting isooctane and two toluene reference fuels (TRF) with ethanol addition, all of which exhibit negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior in which auto-ignition delay times increase with increasing temperature. Spark timing sweeps at two engine speeds show that the knock resistance of the fuels correlates with the respective research octane number (RON). Isooctane is found to have higher knock resistance and higher sensitivity to engine speed than standard gasoline. One of the two TRFs studied shows good agreement with gasoline in terms of combustion and knock characteristics. The lower knock resistance of the other TRF indicates a non-linear dependence between mixture composition and knock resistance. A strong relative increase in knock resistance at higher engine speeds suggests a possible influence of NTC behavior at lower engine speeds. In the subsequent model-based analysis, the fuel influence on combustion and auto-ignition is investigated, and the laminar burning velocities are found to correlate well with the observed heat durations. While auto-ignition may be triggered by a cool spot at the lower engine speed and at operating conditions within the NTC regime, auto-ignition at the higher engine speed is assumed to be initiated by hot spots. These different mechanisms for initiating auto-ignition were identified as a potential explanation for the different knock resistances observed.
Mundane emotions: Losing yourself in boredom, time and technology
Authors: Murphy Stephen , Hill Tim , McDonagh Pierre , Flaherty Amanda
Published: November 2022

Marketing and consumer research has drawn attention to the positive and joyful emotional features of consumer tribes. However, research has little to say on boredom, an emotional state already prevalent in consumers’ lives, yet exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdown restrictions that prevented tribal consumption experiences. Informed by Heidegger’s understanding of boredom as a fundamental mood tied to temporality, this research uses semi-structured interviews to identify two kinds of boredom – superficial and profound boredom – and their specific temporal dynamics. Superficial boredom is common and refers to a situational restlessness in which people desire distractions. In contrast, profound boredom refers to an existential discomfort in which people struggle with their sense of self, but ultimately can result in the discovery of tribal passions. We explain superficial boredom as a symptom of a dominant temporal regime that comprises connectivity and acceleration. Together these temporal logics fragment and compress time in ways that encourage mundane social media consumption that simply fills time. We also explain how profound boredom stems from an abundance of uninterrupted time spent in relative solitude. In extending Heidegger’s theory of boredom to analyse contemporary boredom in an era where digital technology is ubiquitous, our research contributes to consumer research’s understanding of mundane emotions and discusses what it means to be bored together.
Virtual Reality Simulation for Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With Aortic No-Touch Total Arterial Grafting Technique
Authors: Tachibana Kazutoshi , Kikuchi Keita , Sugimoto Maki , Osuda Koichi , Iwashiro Yu , Arihara Ayaka , Okawa Akihito
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Virtual reality can be applied preoperatively by surgeons to gain precise insights into a patient’s anatomy for planning minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with in situ arterial grafts. This study aimed to examine virtual reality simulation for minimally invasive CABG with in situ arterial grafts.

Methods:

Preoperative stereolithographic files in 35 in situ arterial grafts were converted using 320-slice computed tomography and workstation. The accurate length and direction of each graft were confirmed through virtual reality glasses. The simulation of graft designs was performed by using an immersive virtual reality platform.

Results:

The mean harvested lengths of in situ left internal thoracic artery ( n = 17), right internal thoracic artery ( n = 12), and gastroepiploic artery ( n = 6) grafts predicted by virtual reality simulation were 21.4 ± 3.4 cm, 21.2 ± 3.6 cm, and 22.8 ± 4.8 cm. The required lengths of these grafts predicted by virtual reality simulation were 15.8 ± 2.3 cm, 16.4 ± 2.1 cm, and 14.5 ± 4.4 cm. Minimally invasive CABG using virtual reality simulation was completed in 17 patients, of whom 16 patients underwent aortic no-touch total arterial CABG. The surgical strategy was adjusted in 11.8% of the cases due to the 3-dimensional virtual reality–based anatomy evaluation. The early mortality and morbidity were 0%, and the patency of the graft was 100%. The median time to return to full physical activity was 7.1 days.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the successful development and clinical application of the first dedicated virtual reality platform for planning aortic no-touch total arterial minimally invasive CABG. Virtual reality simulation can allow the accurate preoperative understanding of anatomy and appropriate planning of the graft design with acceptable postoperative outcomes.
Open Versus Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: A Comparison of Opioid Prescription Patterns and Occupational Therapy Referrals
Authors: Schroeder Michael J. , Reddy Nihaal , Rust Andrew , O’Brien Andrew L. , Jain Sonu A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Endoscopic and open carpal tunnel releases (ECTR and OCTR) are safe and effective operations. We compared the approaches in terms of postoperative opioid refills and occupational therapy (OT) referrals.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) treated with ECTR or OCTR. Patients with isolated idiopathic CTS were included; patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral carpal tunnel release (CTR), revision CTR, and additional procedures at time of CTR were excluded. Outcomes included number of patients requiring an opioid refill and/or an OT referral within 6 months of surgery.

Results:

A total of 1125 patients met inclusion criteria. Endoscopic release was performed in 634 (56%) cases and open release in 491 (44%). Unadjusted analysis revealed no difference in number of patients requiring refills (6.0% vs 7.1%, P = .44), mean number of refills among those requiring one (1.29 vs 1.23, P = .69), total oral morphine equivalents (45.1 vs 44.7, P = .84), number of patients calling regarding pain (12.8% vs 14.7%, P = .36), OT referrals (12.1% vs 11.4%, P = .71), or average number of OT visits (4.5 vs 4.2, P = .74) for endoscopic and open techniques, respectively. Adjusted analysis revealed lower age, lower body mass index, and history of muscle relaxant as predictors of opioid refills, and in contrast to the unadjusted analysis, operating surgeon and surgical technique were predictors of referral to OT.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic CTR and OCTR did not differ in terms of unadjusted postoperative patient calls for pain, number of opioid refills, or OT referrals. After correcting for individual surgeon practice, endoscopic was associated with decreased odds of requiring postoperative OT.
The Medial Gastrocnemius Recession, an Alternative Surgical Treatment for Isolated Gastrocnemius Contracture: A Cadaver Study With Discussion Emphasizing Variable Conjoint Tendon Anatomy
Authors: Bull Patrick E. , Thompson Mitchell J. , McGann Maria , Mendez Gabriella , Berlet Gregory C. , Olaniyan Abisola
Published: November 2022

Background

Gastrocnemius recession is a popular procedure utilized to treat chronic conditions related to isolated gastrocnemius contracture (IGC). Recent anatomical research detailing variable gastrocsoleus tendon morphology has raised important questions regarding the safety of some traditional recession procedures. Alternative gastrocnemius recession strategies may produce comparable dorsiflexion improvement results while avoiding the surgical risk related to conjoint tendon anatomical variability.

Methods

Ten matched cadaver pairs were randomized to receive either a medial gastrocnemius recession (MGR) procedure or a gastrocnemius intramuscular recession “Baumann” procedure. Postoperative dorsiflexion improvement was measured and then compared between groups. Detailed postoperative surgical dissections were performed to assess structures at risk, conjoint tendon morphology, and anatomical symmetry.

Results

Medial gastrocnemius recession and Baumann procedures were equally effective at producing significant increases in passive ankle dorsiflexion. No sural nerve injuries were observed. Thirty-five percent of specimens showed direct muscular fusion of at least a portion of the distal gastrocnemius muscular tissue to the adjacent soleus.

Conclusion

The MGR procedure produced comparable dorsiflexion improvement results to the Baumann procedure in our cadaver model. Surgeons must account for certain conjoint tendon anatomical variants when surgically treating IGC as traditional recession methods risk tendo-Achilles overlengthening.

Levels of Evidence:

Level V: Cadaver Study
Effect of health literacy and shared decision-making on choice of weight-loss plan among overweight or obese participants receiving a prototype artificial intelligence robot intervention facilitating weight-loss management decisions
Authors: Chu Yi-Tang , Huang Ru-Yi , Chen Tara Tai-Wen , Lin Wei-Hsuan , Tang James TaoQian , Lin Chi-Wei , Huang Chi-Hsien , Lin Chung-Ying , Chen Jung-Sheng , Kurtz-Rossi Sabrina , Sørensen Kristine
Published: November 2022

Implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical decision-making is still in early development. We developed an AI robot intervention prototype with a health literacy-friendly interface that uses interactive voice response (IVR) surveying to assist in decision-making for weight loss. The weight-specific health literacy instrument (WSHLI) and Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDMQ) were used to measure factors influencing weight-loss decisions. Factors associated with participants choosing to lose weight were analyzed using logistic regression, and factors influencing the selection of specific weight-loss plans were examined with one-way analysis of variance. Our study recruited 144 overweight or obese adults (69.4% women, 58.3% with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24). After interacting with the AI robot, 78% of the study population made the decision to lose weight. SDMQ score was a significant factor positively influencing the decision for weight-loss (odds ratio [OR]: 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–4.29, p = 0.027). Individuals who selected self-monitored lifestyle modification (mean ± SD: 11.52 ± 1.95) had significantly higher health literacy than those who selected dietician-assisted plan (9.92 ± 2.30) and physician-guided treatment (9.60 ± 1.52) (both p = 0.001). The study results demonstrated that our prototype AI robot can effectively encourage individuals to make decisions regarding weight management and that both WSHLI and SDMQ scores affect the choice of weight-loss plans.
Applications of deep learning methods in digital biomarker research using noninvasive sensing data
Authors: Jeong Hoyeon , Jeong Yong W , Park Yeonjae , Kim Kise , Park Junghwan , Kang Dae R
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Noninvasive digital biomarkers are critical elements in digital healthcare in terms of not only the ease of measurement but also their use of raw data. In recent years, deep learning methods have been put to use to analyze these diverse heterogeneous data; these methods include representation learning for feature extraction and supervised learning for the prediction of these biomarkers. Methods: We introduce clinical cases of digital biomarkers and various deep-learning methods applied according to each data type. In addition, deep learning methods for the integrated analysis of multidimensional heterogeneous data are introduced, and the utility of these data as an integrated digital biomarker is presented. The current status of digital biomarker research is examined by surveying research cases applied to various types of data as well as modeling methods. Results: We present a future research direction for using data from heterogeneous sources together by introducing deep learning methods for dimensionality reduction and mode integration from multimodal digital biomarker studies covering related domains. The integration of multimodality has led to advances in research through the improvement of performance and complementarity between modes. Discussion: The integrative digital biomarker will be more useful for research on diseases that require data from multiple sources to be treated together. Since delicate signals from patients are not missed and the interaction effects between signals are also considered, it will be helpful for immediate detection and more accurate prediction of symptoms.
Using creative response to sonically translate vernacular photography: The Lest We Forget project in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Chester Diana
Published: November 2022

This paper explores the benefits and possibilities of using recorded sound as a tool for expressing the stories behind photographs for archival purposes through an ethnographic study of Lest We Forget (LWF), a grassroots initiative that documents and explores cultural memory pertaining to the United Arab Emirates. The goals of this paper are to further the dialogue about the value of transdisciplinary research toward the end of greater preservation and sustainability of cultural heritage; and to make an argument about the value of community members creatively responding to photographs, and archival materials from their own culture, using sound. What I have found is that creative response is a theory of knowledge that allows a community to retain ownership of their heritage and their imagination of the past, present, and future, and an emerging methodological process that, when used, ensures a living archive.