bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Filgrastim Therapy in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Poon Teresa , Guerra Christina M.
Published: September 2017

Context:

Neutropenia is associated with a high risk of serious infections in kidney transplant recipients. There are no sufficient studies of using granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, such as filgrastim, in renal transplant recipients to establish a clear, specified role of this off-label indication. Using filgrastim in these patients may increase the risk of rejection by overstimulating the immune system.

Objective:

To evaluate the use of filgrastim in adult kidney transplant recipients presenting with neutropenia.

Patients and Design:

Data were obtained from a medication utilization report of filgrastim in kidney transplant recipients at our center from September 2012 to August 2015.

Main Outcome Measure(s) and Results:

There were 28 cases of neutropenia that were treated with a range of 1 to 5 doses of filgrastim 300 or 480 μg, with a mean of 1.79 doses. The mean total dose of filgrastim administered per episode of neutropenia was 632 μg (8.6 μg/kg). Overall, 87.5% of the cases achieved a white blood cell count of at least 3 × 109 cells/L within 7 days of hospital discharge. There were no cases of infection or acute rejection following treatment.

Conclusions:

The use of filgrastim in kidney transplant recipients demonstrated success in reversing neutropenia. Short courses of therapy were required with minimal adverse events. Patients who required readmission were successfully re-treated. Additional studies are required to determine the most effective dose and duration of treatment.
Political Efficacy and Participation of Nurse Practitioners
Authors: O'Rourke Nancy C. , Crawford Sybil L. , Morris Nancy S. , Pulcini Joyce
Published: September 2017

Twenty-eight states have laws and regulations limiting the ability of nurse practitioners (NPs) to practice to the full extent of their education and training, thereby preventing patients from fully accessing NP services. Revisions to state laws and regulations require NPs to engage in the political process. Understanding the political engagement of NPs may facilitate the efforts of nurse leaders and nursing organizations to promote change in state rules and regulations. The purpose of this study was to describe the political efficacy and political participation of U.S. NPs and gain insight into factors associated with political interest and engagement. In the fall of 2015, we mailed a survey to 2,020 NPs randomly chosen from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners' database and 632 responded (31% response rate). Participants completed the Trust in Government (external political efficacy) and the Political Efficacy (internal political efficacy) scales, and a demographic form. Overall, NPs have low political efficacy. Older age ( p≤.001), health policy mentoring ( p≤.001), and specific education on health policy ( p≤.001) were all positively associated with internal political efficacy and political participation. External political efficacy was not significantly associated with any of the study variables. Political activities of NPs are largely limited to voting and contacting legislators. Identifying factors that engage NPs in grassroots political activities and the broader political arena is warranted, particularly with current initiatives to make changes to state laws and regulations that limit their practice.
Standardized Measurement of Sensorimotor Recovery in Stroke Trials: Consensus-Based Core Recommendations from the Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable
Authors: Kwakkel Gert , Lannin Natasha A. , Borschmann Karen , English Coralie , Ali Myzoon , Churilov Leonid , Saposnik Gustavo , Winstein Carolee , van Wegen Erwin E. H. , Wolf Steven L. , Krakauer John W. , Bernhardt Julie
Published: September 2017

Finding, testing and demonstrating efficacy of new treatments for stroke recovery is a multifaceted challenge. We believe that to advance the field, neurorehabilitation trials need a conceptually rigorous starting framework. An essential first step is to agree on definitions of sensorimotor recovery and on measures consistent with these definitions. Such standardization would allow pooling of participant data across studies and institutions aiding meta-analyses of completed trials, more detailed exploration of recovery profiles of our patients and the generation of new hypotheses. Here, we present the results of a consensus meeting about measurement standards and patient characteristics that we suggest should be collected in all future stroke recovery trials. Recommendations are made considering time post stroke and are aligned with the international classification of functioning and disability. A strong case is made for addition of kinematic and kinetic movement quantification. Further work is being undertaken by our group to form consensus on clinical predictors and pre-stroke clinical data that should be collected, as well as recommendations for additional outcome measurement tools. To improve stroke recovery trials, we urge the research community to consider adopting our recommendations in their trial design.
Agreed Definitions and a Shared Vision for New Standards in Stroke Recovery Research: The Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable Taskforce
Authors: Bernhardt Julie , Hayward Kathryn S. , Kwakkel Gert , Ward Nick S. , Wolf Steven L. , Borschmann Karen , Krakauer John W. , Boyd Lara A. , Carmichael S. Thomas , Corbett Dale , Cramer Steven C.
Published: September 2017

The first Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable established a game changing set of new standards for stroke recovery research. Common language and definitions were required to develop an agreed framework spanning the four working groups: translation of basic science, biomarkers of stroke recovery, measurement in clinical trials and intervention development and reporting. This paper outlines the working definitions established by our group and an agreed vision for accelerating progress in stroke recovery research.
The Case of a Dysfunctional Administrative Team: Star Player Questions Status Quo
Authors: Hayden Williams Ashley , Egbert Stella , Coronado Richard
Published: September 2017

This case study is a combination of real-life events that describe the complexity of dual roles within a small school. The administrators in this case have to determine the consequences in response to a student’s misbehavior, who happens to be the godchild of the superintendent and the daughter of a middle school principal. The child’s high school principal has to choose between following policy guidelines and winning a basketball championship.
Vigilante or Viking? Contesting the mediated constructions of Soldiers of Odin Norge
Authors: Castle Tammy , Parsons Tara
Published: September 2017

In 2015, Europe experienced the worst refugee crisis since the Second World War. Along with terrorist attacks in Europe over the last decade, the refugee crisis has fueled a rise in the popularity of both far-right political parties and extremist groups—such as Finland’s Soldiers of Odin ( S.O.O.). The group debuted in late 2015, but quickly spread throughout Scandinavia. The popularity of S.O.O. coincided with a resurgent interest in Viking culture, and new country groups have been reported worldwide. This article explores the contested identity of the Norwegian chapter, Soldiers of Odin Norge ( S.O.O.N.), in national news (Norge) and networked spaces (social media). The mediated discourse was analyzed using ethnographic content analysis, with an appreciation for the intertextuality of the ambiguous political rhetoric. We found social media to be an important site for contesting the dominant narrative of ‘vigilante’ identified in the news articles. Drawing from cultural criminology, we further explored the contrast between mediated images, where Viking culture became the symbolic identifier for S.O.O.N., and the collective construction of meaning in the discourse. Finally, we argue that because the group’s identity was forged from, and exists because of, media-related communications, S.O.O.N. could be characterized as a ‘media-based collectivity’ (Couldry and Hepp, 2017).
Role of female intimate hygiene in vulvovaginal health: Global hygiene practices and product usage
Authors: Chen Ying , Bruning Elizabeth , Rubino Joseph , Eder Scott E
Published: September 2017

Women use various feminine hygiene products, often as part of their daily cleansing routine; however, there is a paucity of published medical literature related to the external vulva and how personal hygiene practices can affect it. This review article provides background information on the physiological changes that occur during women’s lives and reviews the relevance of transient and resident microbiota as they relate to common vaginal and vulvar disorders. It also discusses the need for female intimate hygiene, common practices of feminine hygiene from a global perspective, and the potential benefits of using suitable external, topical feminine vulvar washes to minimize the risk of vulvovaginal disorders and to improve overall intimate health in women around the world. Supported by international guidelines, daily gentle cleansing of the vulva is an important aspect of feminine hygiene and overall intimate health. Women should be encouraged to choose a carefully formulated and clinically tested external wash that provides targeted antimicrobial and other health benefits without negatively impacting on the natural vulvovaginal microbiota.
Loneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World?
Authors: Nowland Rebecca , Necka Elizabeth A. , Cacioppo John T.
Published: September 2017

With the rise of online social networking, social relationships are increasingly developed and maintained in a digital domain. Drawing conclusions about the impact of the digital world on loneliness is difficult because there are contradictory findings, and cross-sectional studies dominate the literature, making causation difficult to establish. In this review, we present our theoretical model and propose that there is a bidirectional and dynamic relationship between loneliness and social Internet use. When the Internet is used as a way station on the route to enhancing existing relationships and forging new social connections, it is a useful tool for reducing loneliness. But when social technologies are used to escape the social world and withdraw from the “social pain” of interaction, feelings of loneliness are increased. We propose that loneliness is also a determinant of how people interact with the digital world. Lonely people express a preference for using the Internet for social interaction and are more likely to use the Internet in a way that displaces time spent in offline social activities. This suggests that lonely people may need support with their social Internet use so that they employ it in a way that enhances existing friendships and/or to forge new ones.
Effects of Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya, a Multicomponent Breath-Based Yogic Practice (Pranayama), on Perceived Stress and General Well-Being
Authors: Peterson Christine Tara , Bauer Sarah M. , Chopra Deepak , Mills Paul J. , Maturi Raj K.
Published: September 2017

Stress-induced disorders such as anxiety represent the leading causes of adult disability worldwide. Previous studies indicate that yoga and other contemplative practices such as pranayama, or controlled yogic breathing techniques, may be effective in the treatment of mood disorders and stress. In this study, 142 individuals (mean age = 43 years; SD = 13.90) participated in a 3-day retreat program during which they learned Shambhavi Mahamudra kriya, which is a yogic practice that includes both deep breathing and meditation techniques. Participants were instructed to practice the kriya each day for 21 minutes. After 6 weeks of daily practice, participants reported subjectively lower levels of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and higher levels of general well-being (General Well-Being Scale) compared to baseline. These results support the notion that Shambhavi Mahamudra kriya may represent a natural treatment for stress reduction.
Effectiveness of School Oral Health Screening and Factors Affecting Dental Attendance Among Female Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tikare Shreyas , AlQahtani Nabeeh A. , Eroje Alezi Braimoh , AlQahtani Khadeeja Maleh , Assiri Jawaher Ahmad , AlAmri Maha Hussain
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

School dental screening and referral is a dental public health measure that helps children with oral health problems to come in contact with dental services. Recent studies have failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of school screening programs in stimulating dental attendance. The objective of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of school oral health screening in stimulating dental attendance and factors affecting dental attendance among female primary school children in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A multistage cluster random sampling method was used in which the unit of randomization was the school. All children were given comprehensive oral health education followed by oral screening. Oral health referrals to visit dental clinic were given to children needing any dental treatment. The parents were contacted by telephone two months after oral health referral and information on child’s dental attendance and reasons for failing to attend dental clinics was collected according to predetermined set of questions and the data was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 1,035 female school children aged 6 to 12 years received oral health education at school followed by dental screening. Only 211 (23.8%) children attended dental clinics after receiving oral health referrals. The most important reason for not attending the dental clinic was difficulty for working parents to take time off (41.2%) followed by logistic problems (20.4%) and some parents thought dental treatment was not important since there was no pain (9.7%). The least perceived barriers were cost of dental treatment (3.6%), difficulty in taking leave from school (3%), and school exams (3%).

Conclusions:

School oral health screening and referrals have been found to be ineffective at stimulating dental attendance. Parental factors like ‘lack of time’ and ‘logistic problems’ for taking their child to the dentist were found to be major factors affecting dental attendance. Methods to improve parent’s awareness regarding oral health of children and alternative choices to ensure adequate dental care to vulnerable children needs to be explored.
Early Sport Specialization: Effectiveness and Risk of Injury in Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Wilhelm Andrew , Choi Changryol , Deitch John
Published: September 2017

Background:

The rate of early sport specialization in professional baseball players is unknown.

Purpose:

To report the incidence and age of sport specialization in current professional baseball players and the impact of early specialization on the frequency of serious injuries sustained during the players’ careers. We also queried participants about when serious injuries occurred, the players’ current position on the field, and their opinions regarding the need for young athletes to specialize early to play at the professional level.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

A total of 102 current professional baseball players anonymously completed a 7-question written survey. Early sport specialization was defined as “single-sport participation prior to high school.” Injury was defined as “a serious injury or surgery that required the player to refrain from sports (baseball) for an entire year.” Chi-square tests were used to investigate the risk of injury in those who specialized early in baseball versus those who did not. Independent-sample t tests were used to compare injury rates based on current player position.

Results:

Fifty (48%) baseball players specialized early. The mean age at initiation of sport specialization was 8.91 years (SD, 3.7 years). Those who specialized early reported more serious injuries (mean, 0.54; SD, 0.838) during their professional baseball career than those who did not (mean, 0.23; SD, 0.425) ( P = .044). Finally, 63.4% of the queried players believed that early sport specialization was not required to play professional baseball.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated a statistically significant higher rate of serious injury during a baseball player’s professional career in those players who specialized early. Most current professional baseball players surveyed believed that sport specialization was not required prior to high school to master the skills needed to play at the professional level. Our findings demonstrate an increased incidence of serious injuries in professional baseball players who specialized in baseball prior to high school. Youth baseball athletes should be encouraged not to participate in a single sport given the potential for an increased incidence of serious injuries later in their careers. No data are available to suggest that early specialization is needed to reach the professional level.
Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 With Spontaneous Resolution of Intraretinal/Sub-Internal Limiting Membrane Hemorrhage in the Absence of Neovascularization
Authors: Chandra Varun , Merani Rohan , Hunyor Alex P. , Ho I-Van , Gillies Mark
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

To describe a case of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) presenting with decreased vision due to intraretinal/sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage in the absence of neovascularization.

Method:

Clinical examination and multimodal imaging were performed.

Results:

A 65-year-old female presented with blurred left vision, recording 20/160 in that eye. There was intraretinal hemorrhage at the left macula centrally, with sub-ILM hemorrhage superiorly and inferiorly. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed no evidence of subretinal neovascularization. Imaging of the right macula was consistent with MacTel. The blood spontaneously cleared and the left visual acuity gradually improved to 20/25 by 4 months. Fluorescein angiography confirmed MacTel, and once the hemorrhage resolved, both inner and outer retinal cavitation was identified on OCT of the left macula. The left best-corrected visual acuity remained at 20/25 at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Spontaneous resorption of hemorrhage was accompanied by visual improvement.
Positive Teacher Influence Strategies to Improve Secondary Instrumental Students’ Motivation and Perceptions of Self
Authors: Tucker Olivia Gail
Published: September 2017

Asmus’s model of achievement motivation in music established a framework for the study of motivation in music education. Student perceptions of self were included in the model as a dynamic factor in student motivation to accomplish music learning tasks. Research has revealed further teacher influence on student motivation and perceptions of self since Asmus’s article. This article reviews literature on positive secondary instrumental music teacher influence on student motivation and perceptions of self. Research is organized around four practical areas of teacher influence: (a) word choice, (b) performance experiences, (c) intrinsic motivation, and (d) environments. Strategies for positive influence in these areas are then offered.
Cellular kinetics of CTL019 in relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Mueller Karen Thudium , Maude Shannon L. , Porter David L. , Frey Noelle , Wood Patricia , Han Xia , Waldron Edward , Chakraborty Abhijit , Awasthi Rakesh , Levine Bruce L. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , Grupp Stephan A. , June Carl H. , Lacey Simon F.
Published: September 2017

Key Points

Tisagenlecleucel (CTL019) has demonstrated clinical efficacy in relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL and CLL. The cellular kinetic profile of tisagenlecleucel was consistent across the 2 diseases, with higher exposure in responding vs nonresponding patients.
Relationships between anti-stigma programme awareness, disclosure comfort and intended help-seeking regarding a mental health problem
Authors: Henderson Claire , Robinson Emily , Evans-Lacko Sara , Thornicroft Graham
Published: September 2017

Background

Anti-stigma programmes should aim to increase disclosure to those who can support someone with a mental health problem and appropriate professional help-seeking.

Aims

We investigated associations among public awareness of England's Time to Change anti-stigma campaign and: (a) comfort envisaged in disclosing a mental health problem to family and friends; (b) comfort in disclosing to an employer; and (c) intended professional help-seeking from a general practitioner, i.e. a physician working in primary care.

Method

Using data from a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults, we created separate logistic regression models to test for campaign awareness and other variables as predictors of comfort in disclosure and intended help-seeking.

Results

We found positive relationships between campaign awareness and comfort in disclosing to family and friends (odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.43) and to a current or prospective employer (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.35); and likelihood of help-seeking (OR=1.18 95% CI 1.03–1.36).

Conclusions

Awareness of an anti-stigma campaign was associated with greater comfort in disclosing a mental health problem and intended help-seeking.
Childhood adversities and post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence for stress sensitisation in the World Mental Health Surveys
Authors: McLaughlin Katie A. , Koenen Karestan C. , Bromet Evelyn J. , Karam Elie G. , Liu Howard , Petukhova Maria , Ruscio Ayelet Meron , Sampson Nancy A. , Stein Dan J. , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Alonso Jordi , Borges Guilherme , Demyttenaere Koen , Dinolova Rumyana V. , Ferry Finola , Florescu Silvia , de Girolamo Giovanni , Gureje Oye , Kawakami Norito , Lee Sing , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Piazza Marina , Pennell Beth-Ellen , Posada-Villa José , ten Have Margreet , Viana Maria Carmen , Kessler Ronald C.
Published: September 2017

Background

Although childhood adversities are known to predict increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic experiences, it is unclear whether this association varies by childhood adversity or traumatic experience types or by age.

Aims

To examine variation in associations of childhood adversities with PTSD according to childhood adversity types, traumatic experience types and life-course stage.

Method

Epidemiological data were analysed from the World Mental Health Surveys (n = 27017).

Results

Four childhood adversities (physical and sexual abuse, neglect, parent psychopathology) were associated with similarly increased odds of PTSD following traumatic experiences (odds ratio (OR)=1.8), whereas the other eight childhood adversities assessed did not predict PTSD. Childhood adversity–PTSD associations did not vary across traumatic experience types, but were stronger in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood than later adulthood.

Conclusions

Childhood adversities are differentially associated with PTSD, with the strongest associations in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood. Consistency of associations across traumatic experience types suggests that childhood adversities are associated with generalised vulnerability to PTSD following traumatic experiences.
Neural-specific deletion of the focal adhesion adaptor protein paxillin slows migration speed and delays cortical layer formation
Authors: Rashid Mamunur , Belmont Judson , Carpenter David , Turner Christopher E. , Olson Eric C.
Published: September 2017

Paxillin and Hic-5 are homologous focal adhesion adaptor proteins that coordinate cytoskeletal rearrangements in response to integrin-signaling, but their role(s) in cortical development are unknown. Here, we find that Hic-5 deficient mice are postnatal viable with normal cortical layering. Mice with a neural-specific deletion of paxillin are also postnatal viable, but show evidence of a cortical neuron migration delay that is evident pre and perinatally, but is not detected at postnatal day 35 (P35). This phenotype is not modified by Hic-5 deficiency (double knockout). Specific deletion of paxillin in postmitotic neurons by Nex-Cre mediated recombination as well as in utero electroporation of a Cre-expression construct identified a cell-autonomous requirement for paxillin in migrating neurons. Paxillin-deficient neurons have shorter leading processes that exhibited multiple swellings in comparison to control. Multiphoton imaging revealed that paxillin-deficient neurons migrate ∼30% slower than control neurons. This phenotype is similar to that produced by deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a signaling partner of paxillin and suggests paxillin and FAK function cell autonomously to control migrating neuron morphology and speed during cortical development.
Macrophages are required to coordinate mouse digit tip regeneration
Authors: Simkin Jennifer , Sammarco Mimi C. , Marrero Luis , Dawson Lindsay A. , Yan Mingquan , Tucker Catherine , Cammack Alex , Muneoka Ken
Published: September 2017

In mammals, macrophages are known to play a major role in tissue regeneration. These cells contribute to inflammation, histolysis, re-epithelialization, re-vascularization and cell proliferation. While macrophages have been shown to be essential for regeneration in salamanders and fish, their role has not been elucidated in mammalian epimorphic regeneration. Here, using the regenerating mouse digit tip as a mammalian model, we demonstrate that macrophages are essential for the regeneration process. Using cell depletion strategies, we show that regeneration is completely inhibited; bone histolysis does not occur, wound re-epithelization is inhibited and the blastema does not form. While rescue of epidermal wound closure, in the absence of macrophages, promotes blastema accumulation it does not rescue cell differentiation indicating that macrophages play a key role in the re-differentiation of the blastema. Further, we provide additional evidence that while bone degradation is a part of the regenerative process, it is not essential to the overall regenerative process. These findings show that macrophages play an essential role in coordinating the epimorphic regenerative response in mammals.
The splicing co-factor Barricade/Tat-SF1, is required for cell cycle and lineage progression inDrosophilaneural stem cells
Authors: Abramczuk Monika K. , Burkard Thomas R. , Rolland Vivien , Steinmann Victoria , Duchek Peter , Jiang Yanrui , Wissel Sebastian , Reichert Heinrich , Knoblich Juergen A.
Published: September 2017

Stem cells need to balance self-renewal and differentiation for correct tissue development and homeostasis. Defects in this balance can lead to developmental defects or tumor formation. In recent years, mRNA splicing has emerged as one important mechanism regulating cell fate decisions. Here we address the role of the evolutionary conserved splicing co-factor Barricade (Barc)/Tat-SF1/CUS2 in Drosophila neural stem cell (neuroblast) lineage formation. We show that Barc is required for the generation of neurons during Drosophila brain development by ensuring correct neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Barc associates with components of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleic proteins (snRNP), and its depletion causes alternative splicing in form of intron retention in a subset of genes. Using bioinformatics analysis and a cell culture based splicing assay, we found that Barc-dependent introns share three major traits: they are short, GC rich and have weak 3' splice sites. Our results show that Barc, together with the U2snRNP, plays an important role in regulating neural stem cell lineage progression during brain development and facilitates correct splicing of a subset of introns.
Cone-beam CT acquisition during transradial TACE made easy; use of the swivel arm board
Authors: Pua Uei , Teo Chia Chia , U Pe Thet , Quek Lawrence Han Hwee
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Transradial access for peripheral intervention often requires certain modification from its coronary counterparts. One of the challenges during transradial transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the need for the access arm to be repositioned during cone-beam CT (CBCT) acquisition to allow for C-arm rotation. We recently introduced a swivel arm board to allow seamless repositioning of the access arm during and after CBCT acquisition. The purpose of this study is to detail the technique and feasibility of this useful adjunct to transradial TACE.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective study of consecutive cases of transradial TACE between November 2015 and March 2016, which represented the period where we introduced the swivel arm board to our transradial procedure. A total of 20 transradial TACE using the swivel arm board was performed in 17 patients. There were 13 males and 4 females. The mean age was 69.5 years old (range 48–82 years). Indications for TACE included hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 14) and metastatic liver disease (n = 3).

Results:

Transradial TACE was successful in all cases. A total of 40 successful arm repositioning using the swivel arm board for CBCT acquisitions were performed (100% success rate). There was no catheter or sheath dislodgement associated with the arm movements. No change in the microcatheter tip position was detected as a result of the arm repositioning. Hemostasis was successfully achieved in all the patients. There was no access related complication.

Conclusion:

The swivel arm board is a useful adjunct to enable CBCT acquisition during transradial TACE.

Advances in knowledge:

Transradial TACE is a novel technique, and adaptation to allow for CBCT acquisition is currently challenging. This manuscript illustrates how to overcome the positioning difficulties with the use of the swivel arm board.
Co-operation of employers in the area of personal monitoring: a commentary on BIR guidance on the UK regulatory situation
Authors: Rogers Andy
Published: September 2017

The requirement for organizations to co-operate regarding doses to staff who work across organizational boundaries is well established. However, in the field of personal dosimetry there is little guidance as to how to actually achieve legal compliance. Following improvement action in the UK by the regulator, The Health & Safety Executive, a guidance document was developed by the leading professional bodies in this area. This guidance was also commented on by the Health & Safety Executive Specialist Inspectorate (Radiation) enabling the published guidance to represent a compliant standard. This commentary describes the guidance and discusses the issues involved with developing systems for compliance in this area.
Rapid coral mortality following doldrums-like conditions on Iriomote, Japan
Authors: Baird Andrew H , Keith Sally A. , Woolsey Erika , Yoshida Ryuta , Naruse Tohru
Published: September 2017

Coral bleaching can be induced by many different stressors, however, the most common cause of mass bleaching in the field is high sea temperatures (SST). Here, we describe an unusual bleaching event that followed very calm sea conditions combined with higher than average sea surface temperatures (SST). Patterns of mortality differed from typical thermal bleaching in four ways: 1) mortality was very rapid; 2) the suite of species most affected was different; 3) tissue mortality in Acropora spp. was often restricted to the center of the colony; 4) the event occurred early in the summer. The two weeks prior to the event included 8 days where the average wind speed was less than 3 ms-1. In addition, SSTs in the weeks preceding this event were 1.0-1.5°C higher than the mean for the last 30 years. We hypothesize that the lack of water movement induced by low wind speeds combined with high SST to cause colonies anoxic stress resulting in this unusual bleaching event.
Adjusting to the Information Environment: News Tangibility and Mutual Fund Performance
Authors: Chuprinin Oleg , Gaspar Sérgio , Massa Massimo
Published: September 2017

We study the relation between mutual funds’ performance and shocks to the public information environment of their investments. For each stock, we distinguish between quantitative, or tangible, news (expressed with numeric characters) and qualitative news (expressed as verbal content). We find that funds that trade more actively in response to changes in the stocks’ information tangibility earn higher risk-adjusted returns. Funds that are particularly sensitive to such fluctuations have smaller managerial teams and employ managers who are more focused. Overall, our evidence suggests that signals associated with changes in the type of public information constitute a channel of value creation in asset management.

Data and the electronic appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2835 .

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Management of anticoagulation in hip fractures
Authors: Yassa Rafik , Khalfaoui Mahdi Yacine , Hujazi Ihab , Sevenoaks Hannah , Dunkow Paul
Published: September 2017

Hip fractures are common and increasing with an ageing population. In the United Kingdom, the national guidelines recommend operative intervention within 36 hours of diagnosis. However, long-term anticoagulant treatment is frequently encountered in these patients which can delay surgical intervention. Despite this, there are no set national standards for management of drug-induced coagulopathy pre-operatively in the context of hip fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management protocols available in the current literature for the commonly encountered coagulopathy-inducing agents. We reviewed the current literature, identified the reversal agents used in coagulopathy management and assessed the evidence to determine the optimal timing, doses and routes of administration. Warfarin and other vitamin K antagonists (VKA) can be reversed effectively using vitamin K with a dose in the range of 2 mg to 10 mg intravenously to correct coagulopathy. The role of fresh frozen plasma is not clear from the current evidence while prothrombin complex remains a reliable and safe method for immediate reversal of VKA-induced coagulopathy in hip fracture surgery or failed vitamin K treatment reversal. The literature suggests that surgery should not be delayed in patients on classical antiplatelet medications (aspirin or clopidogrel), but spinal or regional anaesthetic methods should be avoided for the latter. However, evidence regarding the use of more novel antiplatelet medications (e.g. ticagrelor) and direct oral anticoagulants remains a largely unexplored area in the context of hip fracture surgery. We suggest treatment protocols based on best available evidence and guidance from allied specialties. Hip fracture surgery presents a common management dilemma where semi-urgent surgery is required. In this article, we advocate an evidence-based algorithm as a guide for managing these anticoagulated patients.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:394–402. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160083
Reviews
Authors: Sheleg Moran , Thomson Molly
Published: September 2017

‘Stuart Cumberland: Handmade Colour Pictures’, The Approach, London, 10 July–7 August 2016

‘Mary Heilmann: Looking at Pictures’, Whitechapel Gallery, London, 8 June–21 August 2016
Painting as event: An interview with Jacqueline Humphries
Authors: Ryan David
Published: September 2017

In this interview, New York-based painter Jacqueline Humphries talks about her recent practice in relation to the condition of time: this includes her own history as a practitioner, the role of gesture, the notion of the event, and contemporaneity. She addresses the appearance of ‘emojis’ in her recent work, and alludes to both literature and computer games as analogous modes of operation, each illuminating the inner workings of painterly process and its broader context within the contemporary.
Perceptions of nursing as a future profession among high school students' females in AL-RASS city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-humaidan Arwa , Mersal Fathia
Published: September 2017

Background: Saudi Arabia has a huge shortage of Saudi nurses. Therefore, the students’ perception of nursing affect their future choice of nursing career. Despite nursing is an honorable profession the majority of Saudi’s families still do not think like that about nursing.Aim: This study aimed to explore the Perceptions of nursing as a future profession among Secondary school students' females in Al Rass city KSA.Design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized.Sample: A convenient sample of female’s secondary school was included.Tools: Professional nursing perception questionnaires were used and provided to 225 females aged 16 and above who are attending the largest 4 high governmental schools in Al-Rass city in the Qassim region of KSA.Result: the result revealed that almost all had an idea about the functional aspect of nursing career, and 37% of them have got this infor-mation from media. However, only 29% of participants will choose nursing as a future career. Additionally, 55.1% of participants indicated that nursing requires science background that was their primary reason to avoid nursing career.Conclusion: this study concluded that the majority of respondents do not prefer nursing as future career. Therefore, there is a critical need to enhance the image of nursing and attract more high school students into this profession.
Effect of ultrasonic-assisted impregnation parameters on the preparation and interfacial properties of MWCNT/glass-fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Zeng Shaohua , Shen Mingxia , Duan Pengpeng , Lu Fengling , Chen Shangneng , Xue Yijiao
Published: September 2017

In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted impregnation method was employed to deposit carboxyl multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto the E-glass fiber fabric (GFf) for the preparation of the MWCNT-GFf reinforcer. The effects of ultrasonic power, duration and temperature on the dispersion of MWCNTs onto GFf were investigated, and the mechanical properties, interlaminar adhesion, and dynamic viscoelasticity of the resulting MWCNT-GFf-reinforced composites (MGCs) were evaluated. The results indicated that an effective dispersion of MWCNTs onto GFf without obvious breakage of the MWCNTs was achieved under an ultrasonic power of 600 W, duration of 6 min, and processing temperature of about 0°C. Compared with the GFf-reinforced composite, the tensile strength, flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the MGCs exhibited maximum increments of 38.4%, 34.6% and 47.1%, respectively. Moreover, the storage moduli and glass-transition temperatures of the MGCs were significantly enhanced. The ultrasonic parameters were of key importance for dispersing MWCNTs onto GFf and improving the interfacial properties of the composites.
An a posteriori truncation regularization method for an ill-posed problem for the heat equation with an integral boundary condition
Authors: Denche Mohamed , Benchikha Abdelali
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problem of control by
the initial conditions of the heat equation with an integral boundary condition.
Using the truncation method with an a posteriori parameter choice rule,
we give the error estimate between the exact and the regularized solutions.
A numerical implementation shows the efficiency of the proposed method.
Geschichtsvermittlung zwischen Tradition und Konstruktivismus
Authors: Langer Theresa
Published: September 2017

Dieser Beitrag bietet eine Übersicht über die verschiedenen, teilweise stark divergierenden Auffassungen über die Definition und Umsetzung geschichtlicher Themen in DaFZ-Lehrwerken und im Unterricht. Dargestellt werden unterschiedliche Positionen sowie ihre Implikationen und ihre Praktikabilität für die unterrichtliche Praxis, bevor zentrale Forschungsdesiderate formuliert werden. Der Beitrag geht aus meiner Masterarbeit hervor, die an den Universitäten Leipzig und Stellenbosch angefertigt wurde.
Motive für das Lernen von Deutsch als Fremdsprache am Wellesley College (USA) und an der Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brasilien)
Authors: Mericka Kirsten
Published: September 2017

Dieser Beitrag informiert über eine Fragebogenerhebung, mit der die Motive von Deutschlernenden in den USA und in Brasilien ermittelt wurden: Warum entscheiden sich Studierende des Wellesley College (USA) und der Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brasilien) dafür, Deutsch zu lernen? Die Ergebnisse werden mit Konzepten der Motivationsforschung analysiert und legen nahe, dass an dem College in den USA eher integrativ orientierte Motive und an der Hochschule in Brasilien eher instrumentell orientierte Motive vorherrschen. Der meistgenannte Grund der Befragten sowohl in den USA als auch in Brasilien ist jedoch die Wichtigkeit des Fremdsprachenlernens an sich.
Computational analysis of non-Newtonian boundary layer flow of nanofluid past a semi-infinite vertical plate with partial slip
Authors: Amanulla C.H. , Nagendra N. , Suryanarayana Reddy M.
Published: September 2017

An analysis of this paper is examined, two-dimensional, laminar with heat and mass transfer of natural convective nanofluid flow past a semi-infinite vertical plate surface with velocity and thermal slip effects are studied theoretically. The coupled governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by using non-similarity transformations. The obtained ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by a well-known method named as Keller Box Method (KBM). The influences of the emerging parameters i.e. Casson fluid parameter (β), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Buoyancy ratio parameter (N), Lewis number (Le), Prandtl number (Pr), Velocity slip factor (Sf) and Thermal slip factor (ST) on velocity, temperature and nano-particle concentration distributions is illustrated graphically and interpreted at length. The major sources of nanoparticle migration in Nanofluids are Thermophoresis and Brownian motion. A suitable agreement with existing published literature is made and an excellent agreement is observed for the limiting case and also validation of solutions with a Nakamura tridiagonal method has been included. It is observed that nanoparticle concentrations on surface decreases with an increase in slip parameter. The study is relevant to enrobing processes for electric-conductive nano-materials, of potential use in aerospace and other industries.
Photocatalytic hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols for rapid access to platform chemicals and fine chemicals
Authors: Takada Yuki , Caner Joaquim , Naka Hiroshi , Saito Susumu
Published: September 2017

A brief account of our recent work on the chemo-, regio- and stereoselective photocatalytic hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols to alkenes promoted by palladium-loaded titanium oxide (Pd/TiO2) photocatalysts is presented. Since methanol is employed as the reducing agent, the method does not involve stoichiometric generation of salt waste. The photocatalytic hydrogenolysis proceeds at room temperature, and is compatible with the presence of functional groups such as C=C double bonds and hydroxyl groups at non-allylic positions. The regioselectivity is predictable: the hydrogen atom is predominantly incorporated into the sterically less hindered carbon atom of the allylic moiety. This protocol should provide straightforward green access to a range of platform chemicals (exemplified by the two-step synthesis of propylene from glycerol) and fine chemicals [e.g. (S)-(+)-lavandulol from (R)-(–)-carvone] without the need for protection/deprotection steps.
When diazo compounds meet with organoboron compounds
Authors: Wang Jianbo
Published: September 2017

Transition-metal free reactions of diazo compounds with organoboron compounds provide some unique approaches for the formation of C–C, C–B and C–Si bonds. With N-tosylhydrazones as the precursors for non-stabilized diazo compound, this type of reaction becomes practically useful in organic synthesis. Transition-metal-free synthetic methodologies for borylation, gem-diborylation, gem-silylborylation arylation, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylation and gem-difluorovinylation have been successfully developed.
Where do polar question markers come from?
Authors: Metslang Helle , Habicht Külli , Pajusalu Karl
Published: September 2017

On the basis of present and past developments concerning polar question markers in Estonian and other languages in the Circum-Baltic area, the main sources of interrogative markers are presented: (1) coordination markers: disjunctive, conjunctive and adversative coordination; (2) subordination markers, the source of which is the subordinating conjunction in the case of insubordination of the subordinate clause; (3) epistemic markers, which arise from particles expressing epistemic modality; (4) pronominal markers, which arise from interrogative pronouns and proadverbs in tag questions. Question particles have developed from these same sources in many other languages as well. Typical of the Circum-Baltic languages are disjunctive and conjunctive particles located on the sentence periphery.
Konzentrations- und Ungleichheitsindizes: ein methodischer Überblick sowie ein empirischer Vergleich anhand der Textilindustrie
Authors: Palan Nicole
Published: September 2017

In empirischen Untersuchungen werden Konzentrations- und Ungleichheitsindizes oftmals verwendet, um Informationen über die räumliche Verteilung von Industrien zu komprimieren. Das sich aus einer Maßzahl ergebende Bild über das Ausmaß an Konzentration (Ungleichheit) sowie die Veränderungen über die Zeit hinweg können jedoch in Abhängigkeit des gewählten Index divergieren. Grundsätzlich kann zwischen absoluten und relativen Indizes einerseits sowie zwischen Konzentrations- und Ungleichheitsindizes andererseits unterschieden werden. Das Papier geht auf die unterschiedlichen Charakteristika der einzelnen Indizes ein und zeigt auf, was bei der Wahl des Index für empirische Studien zu beachten ist. Die Analyse zeigt zudem, dass es keinen Index gibt, der anderen Indizes überlegen ist. Je nach Fragestellung sollte daher entschieden werden, welcher Index der geeignetste ist.