bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Model of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer Based on GNSS Radio Occultation Data
Authors: Yu Bingkun , Xue Xianghui , Scott Christopher J. , Yue Xinan , Dou Xiankang
Published: July 2022

The intense plasma irregularities within the ionospheric sporadic E (Es) layers at 90–130 km altitude have a significant impact on radio communications and navigation systems. As a result, the modeling of the Es layer is very important for the accuracy, reliability, and further applications of modern real‐time global navigation satellite system precise point positioning. In this study, we have constructed an empirical model of the Es layer using the multivariable nonlinear least‐squares‐fitting method, based on the S4max from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate satellite radio occultation measurements in the period 2006–2014. The model can describe the climatology of the intensity of Es layers as a function of altitude, latitude, longitude, universal time, and day of year. To validate the model, the outputs of the model were compared with ionosonde data. The correlation coefficients of the hourly foEs and the daily maximum foEs between the ground‐based ionosonde observations and model outputs at Beijing are 0.52 and 0.68, respectively. The model can give a global climatology of the intensity of Es layers and the seasonal variations of Es layers, although the Es layers during the summer are highly variable and difficult to accurately predict. The outputs of the model can be implemented in comprehensive models for a description of the climatology of Es layers and provide relatively accurate information about the global variation of Es layers.
Alveolar macrophages: Achilles’ heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Wang Zhenfeng , Li Shunshun , Huang Bo
Published: July 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 6.3 million deaths to date. Despite great efforts to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccines and neutralizing antibodies are in the gloom due to persistent viral mutations and antiviral compounds face challenges of specificity and safety. In addition, vaccines are unable to treat already-infected individuals, and antiviral drugs cannot be used prophylactically. Therefore, exploration of unconventional strategies to curb the current pandemic is highly urgent. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) residing on the surface of alveoli are the first immune cells that dispose of alveoli-invading viruses. Our findings demonstrate that M1 AMs have an acidic endosomal pH, thus favoring SARS-CoV-2 to leave endosomes and release into the cytosol where the virus initiates replication; in contrast, M2 AMs have an increased endosomal pH, which dampens the viral escape and facilitates delivery of the virus for lysosomal degradation. In this review, we propose that AMs are the Achilles’ heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection and that modulation of the endosomal pH of AMs has the potential to eliminate invaded SARS-CoV-2; the same strategy might also be suitable for other lethal respiratory viruses.
Differentiation of osteosarcoma from osteomyelitis using microarchitectural analysis on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Jung Ji-Hun , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Yong Tae-Hoon , Kang Ju-Hee , Kim Jo-Eun , Yi Won-Jin , Heo Min-Suk , Lee Sam-Sun
Published: July 2022

Diagnosing osteosarcoma (OS) is very challenging and OS is often misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis (OM) due to the nonspecificity of its symptoms upon initial presentation. This study investigated the possibility of detecting OS-induced trabecular bone changes on panoramic radiographs and differentiating OS from OM by analyzing fractal dimensions (FDs) and degrees of anisotropy (DAs). Panoramic radiographs of patients with histopathologically proven OS and OM of the jaw were obtained. A total of 23 patients with OS and 40 patients with OM were enrolled. To investigate whether there was a microarchitectural difference between OS lesions and normal trabecular areas in each patient, two regions of interest (ROIs) were located on the CT images. Three microarchitectural parameters (box-counting FD, fast Fourier transform-based FD, and DA) were calculated. For both OS and OM, significant differences were found for all three microarchitectural parameters. Compared to normal trabecular bone, trabecular bone affected by OS and OM became isotropic and more complex. When comparing OS and OM, a statistically significant difference was found only in DA. Trabecular bones affected by OS became more isotropic than those affected by OM. Microarchitectural analysis, especially DA, could be useful for detecting OS-induced trabecular alterations and differentiating OS from OM.
Activation of CD44/PAK1/AKT signaling promotes resistance to FGFR1 inhibition in squamous-cell lung cancer
Authors: Elakad Omar , Häupl Björn , Labitzky Vera , Yao Sha , Küffer Stefan , von Hammerstein-Equord Alexander , Danner Bernhard C. , Jücker Manfred , Urlaub Henning , Lange Tobias , Ströbel Philipp , Oellerich Thomas , Bohnenberger Hanibal
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene amplification is one of the most prominent and potentially targetable genetic alterations in squamous-cell lung cancer (SQCLC). Highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to target FGFR1; however, resistance mechanisms originally existing in patients or acquired during treatment have so far led to limited treatment efficiency in clinical trials. In this study we performed a wide-scale phosphoproteomic mass-spectrometry analysis to explore signaling pathways that lead to resistance toward FGFR1 inhibition in lung cancer cells that display (i) intrinsic, (ii) pharmacologically induced and (iii) mutationally induced resistance. Additionally, we correlated AKT activation to CD44 expression in 175 lung cancer patient samples. We identified a CD44/PAK1/AKT signaling axis as a commonly occurring resistance mechanism to FGFR1 inhibition in lung cancer. Co-inhibition of AKT/FGFR1, CD44/FGFR1 or PAK1/FGFR1 sensitized ‘intrinsically resistant’ and ‘induced-resistant’ lung-cancer cells synergetically to FGFR1 inhibition. Furthermore, strong CD44 expression was significantly correlated with AKT activation in SQCLC patients. Collectively, our phosphoproteomic analysis of lung-cancer cells resistant to FGFR1 inhibitor provides a large data library of resistance-associated phosphorylation patterns and leads to the proposal of a common resistance pathway comprising CD44, PAK1 and AKT activation. Examination of CD44/PAK1/AKT activation could help to predict response to FGFR1 inhibition. Moreover, combination between AKT and FGFR1 inhibitors may pave the way for an effective therapy of patients with treatment-resistant FGFR1-dependent lung cancer.
Enhanced triboelectric performance of graphene oxide-conducting polymer hybrid modified polydimethylsiloxane composites
Authors: Jelmy E. J. , Jose Divya , Vijoy K. V. , Saji K. J. , John Honey
Published: July 2022

Energy harvesting nanogenerators have received significant attention as they utilize unused mechanical energy from the ambient environment.
Aqueous ibuprofen sorption by using activated walnut shell biochar: process optimization and cost estimation
Authors: Patel Manvendra , Chaubey Abhishek Kumar , Pittman Charles U. , Mohan Dinesh
Published: July 2022

Ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, anti-pyritic and analgesic, occurs in the aquatic systems of 47 countries. It was removed (∼70 mg g−1 Langmuir and ∼30 mg g−1 at 7.5 mg L−1 by column uptake) at <40% of activated carbon’s cost.
Vibration detection method for core loosening degree of high‐voltage direct current converter valve saturable reactor based on variational mode decomposition‐symmetrized dot pattern and image matching
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Lai Tingyu , Liu Jiashuo , Wei Xiaoguang , Pei Shaotong , Wang Chenghao , Zhang Xiaolong
Published: July 2022

Saturable reactor is the key equipment in converter valves; it is important to evaluate the core condition. In this paper, a recognition model of saturable reactor core loosening based on variational mode decomposition (VMD)‐symmetrized dot pattern (SDP) feature fusion images and scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) was proposed. Firstly, the saturable reactor vibration test under high frequency pulse excitation was carried out, and the vibration signals in different core loosening degrees were collected. Secondly, the VMD algorithm was used to decompose the broadband vibration signal into multiple narrowband functions, which were used to reflect the characteristics of each frequency band. Thirdly, each function and the original signal were transformed by SDP, the generated spiral arms were fused into a new image, and the typical templates in different loosening degrees were selected. Finally, the improved SIFT algorithm was used to obtain the matching results between test sets and templates. The results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed model for core loosening is 97.5%, which is better than traditional algorithms. It can find the core loosening defect early and avoid further failures such as water pipe break and discharge, which can provide an important basis for saturable reactor monitoring.
The detection of cluster magnetic fields via radio source depolarisation
Authors: Osinga E. , van Weeren R. J. , Andrade-Santos F. , Rudnick L. , Bonafede A. , Clarke T. , Duncan K. , Giacintucci S. , Mroczkowski T. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: July 2022

It has been well established that galaxy clusters have magnetic fields. The exact properties and origin of these magnetic fields are still uncertain even though these fields play a key role in many astrophysical processes. Various attempts have been made to derive the magnetic field strength and structure of nearby galaxy clusters using Faraday rotation of extended cluster radio sources. This approach needs to make various assumptions that could be circumvented when using background radio sources. However, because the number of polarised radio sources behind clusters is low, at the moment such a study can only be done statistically. In this paper, we investigate the depolarisation of radio sources inside and behind clusters in a sample of 124 massive clusters atz < 0.35 observed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We detect a clear depolarisation trend with the cluster impact parameter, with sources at smaller projected distances to the cluster centre showing more depolarisation. By combining the radio observations with ancillary X-ray data fromChandra, we compare the observed depolarisation with expectations from cluster magnetic field models using individual cluster density profiles. The best-fitting models have a central magnetic field strength of 5−10 μG with power-law indices betweenn = 1 andn = 4. We find no strong difference in the depolarisation trend between sources embedded in clusters and background sources located at similar projected radii, although the central region of clusters is still poorly probed by background sources. We also examine the depolarisation trend as a function of cluster properties such as the dynamical state, mass, and redshift. We see a hint that dynamically disturbed clusters show more depolarisation than relaxed clusters in ther > 0.2R500region. In the core region, we did not observe enough sources to detect a significant difference between cool-core and non-cool-core clusters. Our findings show that the statistical depolarisation of radio sources is a good probe of cluster magnetic field parameters. Cluster members can be used for this purpose as well as background sources because the local interaction between the radio galaxies and the intracluster medium does not strongly affect the observed depolarisation trend.
Investigation of electrode pressure parameter on mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of spot welded DP800 steel joints
Authors: Rajarajan C. , Sivaraj P. , Raja S. , Balasubramanian V.
Published: July 2022

This investigation details the effect of electrode pressure on mechanical behavior and microstructural characteristics of Resistance Spot Welded (RSW) DP800 steel joints. The joints were fabricated for the range of 0.35–0.45 MPa electrode pressure. Tensile Shear Fracture Load (TSFL) and Cross Tensile Shear Fracture Load (CTSFL) recorded a maximum of 20.06 kN and 16.53 kN respectively for the joints. The hardness map revealed that the heat affected zone has lower hardness among other zones due to the presence of coarser grains. The Nugget Zone (NZ) microstructure consists of lath/needle-like martensite structures. The confirmed crystallography planes and intermetallics in the weld and nearer regions correspond to [101]α/, [200]γ, and cementite (Fe3C), manganese carbide (Mn3C). The above results concluded that the electrode pressure played a significant role in controlling the quality and integrity of the RSW joints.
Numerical simulation of heat sinks with different configurations for high power LED thermal management
Authors: Ramesh Thangamani , Praveen Ayyappan Susila , Pillai Praveen Bhaskaran , Salunkhe Sachin
Published: July 2022

This study performed a steady-state numerical analysis to understand the temperature in different heat sink configurations for LED applications. Seven heat sink configurations named R, H-6, H-8, H-10, C, C3, and C3E3 were considered. Parameters like input power, number of fins, heat sink configuration were varied, and their influence on LED temperature distribution, heat sink thermal resistance and thermal interface material temperature were studied. The results showed that the temperature distribution of the H-6 heat sink decreased by 46.30% compared with the Cheat sink for an input power of 16 W. The result of the H-6 heat sink shows that the heat sink thermal resistance was decreased by 73.91% compared with the Cheat sink at 16 W. The lowest interface material temperature of 54.11 °C was achieved by the H-6 heat sink when the input power was used 16 W. The H-6 heat sink exhibited better performance due to more surface area with several fins than other heat sinks.
„Ich habe gelernt, dass es nicht einfach ist, Patientin zu sein“ – Interview mit Torhüterin Alicia Burla
Authors: Leusch Martina
Published: July 2022

Alicia Burla war Torhüterin beim FC Basel. Eine Syndesmosenverletzung hat sie jäh aus dem sportlichen Alltag herausgerissen. Als damals angehende und inzwischen diplomierte Physiotherapeutin hat sie ihre Verletzung und die anschließende Rehabilitation mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit wahrgenommen. Martina Leusch war jahrelang Physiotherapeutin des Schweizer Frauenfußballnationalteams und hat mit ihr gesprochen.
Pay for Performance – Qualitätsorientiertes Vergütungssystem
Authors: Brouwer Anne , Nickel Gloria Josephine
Published: July 2022

Lange Wartelisten, fehlende Zeit und trotzdem kein Geld für die Altersvorsorge – viele Physiotherapeut*innen sind frustriert. Den Umsatz steigern und die Qualität verbessern bei gleichbleibenden Kosten für Versicherte, das schließt sich nicht gegenseitig aus, meinen Anne Brouwer und Gloria Josephine Nickel. Als Basis der Überlegungen dient ihnen das Pay-for-Performance-Modell. Zu schön, um wahr zu sein? Eine Einladung, auf dem Gedankenspielplatz Platz zu nehmen.
Incidental Primary Intrathoracic Goiter: Dual-Isotope Scintigraphy and Early-MIBI SPECT/CT
Authors: Zamora E. , Ghandili S. , Zamora M. A. , Chun K. J.
Published: July 2022

Primary intrathoracic goiter is an uncommon congenital entity resulting from over decent ectopic thyroid tissue. As compared with secondary intrathoracic goiter, primary entities are discrete from orthotopic thyroid tissue and may lead to potentially serious complications such as malignancy and shortness of breath. Intrathoracic goiters have been described as showing mild or absent uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate on planar scintigraphy. We present an incidental primary intrathoracic goiter found in a patient undergoing evaluation with multimodal scintigraphy and early 99mTc-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for localization of parathyroid adenomas. The mass was inconspicuous on TcO4- scintigraphy but methoxyisobutylisonitrile-avid on early planar and SPECT/CT.
The Value of Radionuclide Cisternography in a Case of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Leak
Authors: Barral Carlyle Marques , Lemos Thaís Ribeiro , Nunes Shirleide Santos , Sanches Sandra Monetti Dumont
Published: July 2022

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an infrequent cause of daily persistent orthostatic headache with an incidence of 5 to 100,000 persons/year. In very rare cases, no cause can be found and these conditions may be called spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSFL). Radionuclide cisternography (RNC) has played useful role in detecting CSFL. Although RNC has been used in many cases, few have been reported in which CSFL out of the subarachnoid space was detected. A case of CSFL confirmed by RNC direct findings is reported. SIH is difficult to diagnose and 95% of patients may initially receive an incorrect diagnosis. RNC has been shown to be fairly characteristic in SIH patients.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review
Authors: Kauthankar Akshada Atchut , Jaseemudheen M.M.
Published: July 2022

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a recent technique that can measure the direction and magnitude of diffusion of water. It is widely being utilized to evaluate several brain and spinal cord pathologies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the importance of the DTI in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). It aims to review various articles on DTI SCI and includes both animal and human studies. This will help to describe the current status of the clinical applications of DTI and show its potential as a helpful instrument in clinical practice. The PubMed database was searched for articles relating to the application of DTI in SCI. Relevant articles were also used for the review. A variety of DTI parameters have been studied in various articles. The standard parameters are fractional anisotropy (FA) values, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, radial diffusivity values, and axial diffusivity values, followed by tractography. FA and ADC values are the most commonly used parameters. The findings observed in most of the studies are increased FA and reduced ADC values following injury to the spinal cord. DTI data metrics possess the potential to become a potent clinical tool in patients with SCI. It is helpful for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning, as well as to evaluate the recovery. Nonetheless, to overcome the limitations and determine its reliability clinically, more research has to be performed.
Refractory Deep Vein Thrombosis Caused by Femoral Vein Stenosis Due to Suture-Medicated Vascular Closure Device
Authors: Ikenouchi Takashi , Takigawa Masateru , Goya Masahiko , Kudo Toshifumi , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: July 2022

Vascular closing devices (VCDs) are widely used to replace manual compression at the femoral puncture site after catheter insertion. Perclose ProGlide is a suture-medicated VCD that is indicated for both arterial and venous access sites. However, there are few reports of complications related to venous use of ProGlide. Here, we describe a case of femoral vein stenosis caused by a suture-medicated VCD after an ablation procedure, which developed refractory deep vein thrombosis even after surgical vascular repair.
Structural insights into the human PA28–20S proteasome enabled by efficient tagging and purification of endogenous proteins
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Makhija Suraj , Zhou Chenyu , Zhang Hanxiao , Wang YongQiang , Muralidharan Monita , Huang Bo , Cheng Yifan
Published: July 2022

The ability to produce folded and functional proteins is a necessity for structural biology and many other biological sciences. This task is particularly challenging for numerous biomedically important targets in human cells, including membrane proteins and large macromolecular assemblies, hampering mechanistic studies and drug development efforts. Here we describe a method combining CRISPR-Cas gene editing and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to rapidly tag and purify endogenous proteins in HEK cells for structural characterization. We applied this approach to study the human proteasome from HEK cells and rapidly determined cryogenic electron microscopy structures of major proteasomal complexes, including a high-resolution structure of intact human PA28αβ–20S. Our structures reveal that PA28 with a subunit stoichiometry of 3α/4β engages tightly with the 20S proteasome. Addition of a hydrophilic peptide shows that polypeptides entering through PA28 are held in the antechamber of 20S prior to degradation in the proteolytic chamber. This study provides critical insights into an important proteasome complex and demonstrates key methodologies for the tagging of proteins from endogenous sources.
Transmission of gender ideology through family discourse
Authors: Imamura Makiko , Dow Elizabeth , Uehara Naoko
Published: July 2022

Informed by the social cognitive theory of co-orientation, this qualitative study explored the impact of family and social discourse on women’s motherhood and professional identities through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 13 Japanese women born in the decade before and after the Japanese Equal Employment Opportunity Law was established in 1986. Overall, the interviews revealed two lifestyle categories – semi-traditional and modern. Specifically, the interviews revealed that women in the semi-traditional and modern categories enacted some form of change in their gender ideology and that women in the modern category experienced more dialogue-based communication and equal power dynamic with their husbands compared to women in the semi-traditional category in which they experienced one-way communication and a greater power differential with husbands. Informed by the literature on cultural values, the findings from this study conclude that Japanese women’s empowerment is built not by resistance to oppression but by conquering the over-taxation.
Effects of defect concentration on the magnetic and thermodynamic properties of an Ising-type polyhedral chain with defects
Authors: Yang Min , Wang Wei , Wang Feng , Li Bo-Chen , Lv Jia-Qi
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the magnetic and thermodynamic properties of an Ising-type polyhedral chain with mixed spin-5/2 and spin-1 were studied in detail by the Monte Carlo method. The system can display multiple saturation values and abundant profiles of magnetization induced by different physical parameters during the change of temperature. In addition, we also obtained interesting behaviors of susceptibility, internal energy, specific heat, magnetic entropy, magnetization plateaus, depending on the competition among various physical parameters. Finally, multi-loop hysteresis behaviors including triple-loop and quintuple-loop were observed.
Analysis of d + 6,7,9,11Li elastic scattering using different densities and calculation procedures
Authors: Ibraheem Awad A , Aygun M , Alsaif N A M , Alghamdi A , Hamada Sh
Published: July 2022

The elastic scattering differential cross-sections of d + 6,7,9,11Li systems have been reanalyzed using three different calculation methods and four different density distributions for the deuteron nucleus. The phenomenological optical model and the microscopic optical model incorporating the CDM3Y6 interaction with and without the inclusion of the rearrangement term have been used as the calculation models. A good agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental data has been achieved. The performed analyses emphasize the weak binding nature of the 11Li isotope.
Ab-initio study of half-metallic ferromagnetism and transport characteristics of MgV2S/Se4 spinels for spintronics and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Ramzan Rashid , Noor N A , Iqbal M Waqas , Asghar Mazia , Khan Aslam , Dahshan A , Alqahtani A
Published: July 2022

Understanding ferromagnetism and thermoelectric behavior are crucial in spintronics and thermoelectric device applications. Using density functional theory-based WIEN2k code, we have examined the physical properties of vanadium-based MgV2S/Se4 spinels. The calculated negative formation energies and positive phonon frequency indicate the stability of the studied system. The lowest energy ground state has been predicted to be a ferromagnetic phase. The calculated electronic band structure and density of states show that these materials are half-metallic ferromagnetic. The existence of the ferromagnetic phase is described using the pd hybridization, double exchange interaction model by computing the exchange energy and constants. In addition, the quantum coupling of electrons is caused by the shift of the magnetic moment from the V site to non-magnetic sites (S/Se, Mg). Finally, electronic transport parameters like the Seebeck coefficient, electric and thermal conductivity, and power factor are also determined.
Bidirectional Siamese correlation analysis method for enhancing the detection of SSVEPs
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Qiu Shuang , Zhang Yukun , Wang Kangning , Wang Yijun , He Huiguang
Published: July 2022

Objective. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have attracted increasing attention due to their high information transfer rate. To improve the performance of SSVEP detection, we propose a bidirectional Siamese correlation analysis (bi-SiamCA) model. Approach. In this model, an long short-term memory-based Siamese architecture is designed to measure the similarity between the SSVEP signal and the template in each frequency and obtain the probability that the SSVEP signal belongs to each frequency. Additionally, a maximize agreement module with a designed contrastive loss is adopted in the Siamese architecture to increase the similarity between the SSVEP signal and the reference signal in the same frequency. Moreover, a two-way signal processing mechanism is built to effectively integrate complementary information from two temporal directions of the input signals. Our model uses raw SSVEPs as inputs and can be trained end-to-end. Main results. Experimental results on a 40-class dataset and a 12-class dataset indicate that bi-SiamCA can significantly improve the classification accuracy compared with the prominent traditional and deep learning methods, especially under short data lengths. Feature visualizations show that the similarity between the SSVEP signal and the reference signal in the same frequency gradually improved in our model. Conclusion. The proposed bi-SiamCA model enhances the performance of SSVEP detection and outperforms the compared methods. Significance. Due to its high decoding accuracy under short signals, our approach has great potential to implement a high-speed SSVEP-based BCI.
A Framework of Distributed Solar Blockchain as a Service
Authors: Liang Hao , Yu Pengfei , Zhao Xiaoran , Fu Da
Published: July 2022

Blockchain was combined with several other information technologies and computing concepts to create modern cryptocurrencies protecting through cryptographic mechanisms instead of a central repository or authority. A Framework of distributed solar Blockchain Service (DSBaaS) platform as a Service is designed to manage distributed solar energy system by adopting Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) platform. Base on the ability operation and maintenance features of BaaS, it is available to solve operational management, safety management, material management, project management, financial transactions management, transaction settlement and other related multi-agent transaction pain points. Providing new business models for implementing distributed solar energy production, transmission and utilization of effective coordination and management, it is a key component to forming clean, efficient, flexible and intelligent distributed solar energy system.
Machine Learning Road Recognition Based on Wavelet Decomposition
Authors: Fu Xiaoyi , Zhao Yuzhuang
Published: July 2022

Driving road conditions have a great impact on vehicles and personnel. According to road conditions, reasonable adjustment of components such as suspension and electronic control unit parameters can effectively improve ride comfort and handling stability. This paper studies the method of road Recognition from the perspective of machine learning, and compares the Recognition effect of BP neural network and SVM. Using wavelet decomposition, a time-frequency analysis method, the original signal is decomposed into different frequency band signals, and the difference between different road surfaces can be amplified. The commonly used statistics are screened by Fisher’s criterion to obtain excellent data of each dimension of the sample. The method can achieve an Recognition accuracy of nearly 100% in the simulation experiment. In the vehicle experiment, the four kinds of road surfaces are well distinguished, and the comprehensive accuracy is about 82%.
Fault diagnosis of charging facilities based on improved RNN
Authors: Zang Binbin , Gao Hui , Yang Xinyue , Xu Shengtao
Published: July 2022

To ensure the safe use of electric vehicles in the charging process is an important issue for the electric vehicle industry to overcome. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved RNN neural network fault diagnosis model for charging facilities. Firstly, typical fault types are extracted based on fault analysis of charging facilities. Then, the Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used to initialize the RNN network parameters and form WOA-RNN network model. Finally, the improved model is used to analyse the fault, and the comparison of the fault diagnosis accuracy before and after the improvement shows that the proposed algorithm has a high accuracy, and the feasibility of this method is proved.
Fault Diagnosis Algorithms of Distribution Network Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ji Qingqing , Hu Zhijian , Liu Xiaoli
Published: July 2022

Fault diagnosis is very important for power restoration. This paper proposed a basic network architecture design, using a simplified residual connection technology, using Focal Loss as the objective function for supervised training, adding a BatchNormalization layer to the network for optimization, reducing parameters based on ShuffleNet network, and improving accuracy based on attention mechanism, a process that can automatically determine the appropriate CNN architecture for fault diagnosis problems. The CNN used in this paper takes the current information sampled from the fault recorder of each node in the distribution network as the input directly, and does not need to use digital signal processing methods to extract frequency domain features and manually select features. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the IEEE 34-node system, and the fault classification accuracy of more than 99% is achieved on different lines.
An energy storage location method with comprehensive sensitivity of timing voltage
Authors: Wu Wei
Published: July 2022

The voltage problem caused by a large number of distributed generation in distribution network is becoming more and more obvious. Energy storage system has flexible four quadrant power regulation ability, which is an effective means of voltage management in distribution network. In the energy storage location selection of active distribution network, a weight coefficient selection method considering the load growth direction is proposed to solve the problem that the TOPSIS (the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is difficult to select the weight coefficient. Combined with the voltage / active and reactive power sensitivity matrix, the comprehensive sensitivity index is established. Then, the sensitivity index between two nodes in the traditional single time period is improved, and the voltage offset weight factor is added to establish the comprehensive sensitivity index of timing voltage. The indicator can be applied even if the size of the distribution network changes. The example results show that this method fully considers various characteristics of active distribution network and is more reasonable and effective than the traditional sensitivity method.
Corrosion resistance behavior of Ti/TiN multilayer coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates
Authors: Yu WX , Tian YH , Chen SS , Lin LY , Hu N
Published: July 2022

DC magnetron sputtering was used to deposit titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), and Ti/TiN multilayer coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates. The multilayer coatings have 1, 4, 10, 16, 32 modulation periods respectively. SEM were used to analyze the surface and cross-sectional micro-features of the coatings. Electrochemical tests were carried out 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature. The resistance of the coating reaches the maximum value, which is 6 times that of the substrate, 2.4 times that of a single layer of titanium, and 5 times that of titanium nitride. With the increase of the modulation period, the charge transfer resistance of the Ti/TiN multilayer coatings increase firstly and then decreases, and charge transfer resistance reaches the maximum at the period of 4, which is closely related to the surface morphology.
A brief overview of the studies on the irreversible breakdown of LGAD testing samples irradiated at the critical LHC-HL fluences
Authors: Laštovička-Medin G. , Kramberger G. , Rebarz M. , Andreasson J. , Kropielnicki K. , Laštovička T. , Kroll J.
Published: July 2022

LGAD sensors will be employed in the CMS MTD and ATLAS HGTD upgrades to mitigate the high levels of pile-up expected in the High Luminosity phase of the LHC. Over the last several years, much attention has been focused on designing radiation tolerant gain implants to ensure that these sensors survive the expected fluences, (more than 1–2 × 1015 neq/cm2). However, in test beams with protons and a fs-laser, highly irradiated LGADs operated at a high voltage, have been seen to exhibit violent burn-out events that render the sensors inoperable. This paper will focus on the critical electric field and accordingly the bias thresholds to mitigate the risk of Single Event Burnout (SEB).
Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) in SPECT
Authors: Wunderlich C. , Guberman D. , Paoletti R. , Rugliancich A. , Passeri A.
Published: July 2022

A standard camera for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) contains 50–100 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) that occupy at least 50% of its volume. It is shielded by a thick layer of lead which makes it heavy and bulky. Replacing PMTs by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) could significantly reduce the weight and size of a SPECT camera. However, the main obstacle is the limited size of SiPMs: even with the largest commercially available SiPM of 6 × 6 mm2 a few thousand channels would be needed to fill a camera. As a solution, we propose to use Large Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) which are built by summing the currents of several SiPMs into a single output. We developed a LASiP prototype summing 8 SiPMs using the MUSIC ASIC. To test the feasibility of using this solution in SPECT, we built a proof-of-concept micro camera that consisted of four of our LASiP prototypes coupled to a 40 × 40 × 8 mm3 NaI(Tl) crystal. We were able to reconstruct simple images of a 99m
Tc capillary with an intrinsic spatial resolution of ∼2 mm and an energy resolution of ∼11.6%. We also simulated the system with Geant4, finding a good agreement with our experimental results. The simulations were extended to a larger camera, aiming to study the impact of pixel size, shape and noise.
Algebro-geometric solutions to the lattice potential modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Xu Xiaoxue , Cao Cewen , Zhang Da-jun
Published: July 2022

Algebro-geometric solutions of the lattice potential modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (lpmKP) equation are constructed. A Darboux transformation of the Kaup–Newell spectral problem is employed to generate a Lax triad for the lpmKP equation, as well as to define commutative integrable symplectic maps which generate discrete flows of eigenfunctions. These maps share the same integrals with the finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system associated to the Kaup–Newell spectral problem. We investigate asymptotic behaviors of the Baker–Akhiezer functions and obtain their expression in terms of Riemann theta function. Finally, algebro-geometric solutions for the lpmKP equation are reconstructed from these Baker–Akhiezer functions.
Measuring of natural and artificial radioactivity in Al-Dakhiliya governorate, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Azri Harith , Al-Riyami Hala , Al-Amri Fatin , Bani Oraba Afrah A. , Al-Subhi Raqiya , Al-Yahyai Salma
Published: July 2022

Soil and sand samples were collected from eight different locations in the Al-Dakhiliya governorate, Sultanate of Oman to determine and evaluate the natural and artificial radioactivity levels. The activity concentrations of radionuclides 137Cs, 226Ra, 40K, 235U and 228Ac were measured using high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors (HPGe detectors). In addition, radiation hazard indexes were evaluated in order to measure radioactive risk for human beings and the environment. The activity concentrations of 137Cs, 226Ra, 40K, 235U and 228Ac were found as 0.82 ± 0.04, 29.01 ± 1.37, 290.14 ±2.79, 5.88 ± 0.65 and 39.57 ± 3.85 Bq/Kg respectively. Radium-equivalent activity Raeq was obtained and varied in the range from 340 to 43 Bq/Kg with a mean value of 108.3 Bq/Kg. The study found that the gamma indexes, external indexes and internal indexes in most sites were less than 1, which indicates a low radioactive dose. The study concludes that seven sites contain relatively low radioactivity, whereas one site requires more investigation in future as the results show a sort of rise in the radioactivity rate on its samples.
Towards Sustainable Design: Influence of pandemics on Architectural Design and Urban Planning through the ages
Authors: Sebastian Sofia , Ravishankar K.R.
Published: July 2022

In the history of the built environment, interior design and urban planning have always responded to epidemics by designing architecture and urban spaces to resist the different viruses and pathogens while preventing their spread. The architectural design strategies used in the past centuries, including Modernism, were a reaction to creating pandemic-free built forms and spaces, thus creating a healthy and sustainable built environment. The Italian piazzas, modernism, minimalism, decentralization of urban cities, urban renewal, etc. were a few of the design outcomes of a pandemic-resistant environment. This research study will help architects understand and evaluate the design strategies used to achieve a healthy, sustainable built environment, thereby adding progressive layers of protection against the virus. Future-built spaces must be designed by taking into account what we’ve learned from the past and moving in the right direction toward sustainability.
A Borel–Weil Theorem for the Irreducible Quantum Flag Manifolds
Authors: Carotenuto Alessandro , Díaz García Fredy , Ó Buachalla Reamonn
Published: July 2022

We establish a noncommutative generalisation of the Borel–Weil theorem for the Heckenberger–Kolb calculi of the irreducible quantum flag manifolds ${\mathcal {O}}_q(G/L_S)$, generalising previous work for the quantum Grassmannians ${\mathcal {O}}_q(\textrm {Gr}_{n,m})$. As a direct consequence we get a novel noncommutative differential geometric presentation of the quantum coordinate rings $S_q[G/L_S]$ of the irreducible quantum flag manifolds. The proof is formulated in terms of quantum principal bundles, and the recently introduced notion of a principal pair, and uses the Heckenberger and Kolb first-order differential calculus for the quantum Possion homogeneous spaces ${\mathcal {O}}_q(G/L^{\,\textrm {s}}_S)$.
Insecticide Resistance in Alabama Populations of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus
Authors: Wang Yifan , An Mengru , Stevens Kelly M , Liu Nannan
Published: July 2022

The insecticide sensitivity and resistance status of both adults and larvae from six Aedes albopictus samples collected in Tuskegee, Tuscaloosa, Birmingham, Dothan, Mobile, and Montgomery, Alabama, were evaluated for the levels of sensitivity and resistance to eight insecticides: β-cyfluthrin, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, etofenprox, fenitrothion, permethrin, resmethrin, and malathion. Adult Ae. albopictus from all locations showed similar results for the difference between the time to 100% mortality and the diagnostic time in the CDC bottle bioassay, although Ae. albopictus survive longer than the diagnostic time to permethrin, fenitrothion, and resmethrin treatments. The larval bioassay indicated that malathion was the least toxic to Ae. albopictus from all locations (LC50: ranging from 0.1 ppm to 1.2 ppm), followed by resmethrin and etofenprox (LC50: 0.05 ppm–0.4 ppm), and deltamethrin and fenitrothion (LC50: 0.01 ppm–0.06 ppm). Chlorpyrifos exhibited the highest larval toxicity (LC50: 0.003 ppm–0.05 ppm). The resistance status of Ae. albopictus from all six locations was similar to the resistance levels found in a previous survey in 2004, indicating that in Alabama the development of resistance is slow in this strain, although comparing the resistance of Ae. albopictus from Tuskegee to that of a susceptible strain showed that it is resistant to chlorpyrifos. The slopes of the dose–response curves to most of the insecticides tested for these field populations of Ae. albopictus were generally similar to or slightly higher than those measured eighteen years previously, indicating that these populations are relatively homozygous in response to all the insecticides tested.
A Random Item Response Model of External Territorial Threat, 1816–2010
Authors: Miller Steven V
Published: July 2022

Multiple scholars have shown that external territorial threat, conceptually the level of concern for a state that its territorial integrity is subject to violent conflict and imposed contraction by other states, has major implications for the state's domestic political environment. However, the strand of scholarship that agrees on the domestic political effects of external territorial threat disagrees on how to code this important concept. These works either rely on binary indicators that do a poor job communicating “increasing” or “decreasing” territorial threat or use dyad-year indicators of conflict propensities as a stand-in for a state-year-level observation. I use this research note to offer an empirical measurement of state-year external territorial threat from a Bayesian random item response model for all states from 1816 to 2010. I assess the face validity and construct validity of the data these models generate, all of which suggest the measure does well to capture the concept in question. I close with a statement of the availability of the data and their potential applications.
The Moderating Effect of Scheduling Autonomy on Smartphone Use and Stress Among Older Workers
Authors: Van Fossen Jenna A , Baker Nathan M , Mack Elizabeth A , Chang Chu-Hsiang , Cotten Shelia R , Catalano Isabella
Published: July 2022

Older adults’ smartphone use has been shown to be a double-edged sword, linked to health and social benefits but also creating vulnerabilities. Similarly, the use of smartphones and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) in organizations also affords workers advantages, such as increased flexibility, while exposing them to risks such as exhaustion and distress. This research examines older workers’ smartphone use and identifies a contextual characteristic that may buffer the negative implications of smartphone use for work purposes. Following the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, we hypothesized that older workers’ daily work-related smartphone use is positively related to their experienced stress and negatively related to their mood, and that these relationships would be attenuated by work scheduling autonomy. We conducted an experience sampling method (ESM) study with a sample of 38 workers (ages 50–64) who completed daily measures over 8 days, and tracked their smartphone use objectively using screenshots of time spent using various apps. Contrary to our expectations, smartphone use was not significantly related to stress or mood. There were significant cross-level interactions, such that smartphone use for work was negatively related to experienced stress and positively related to a positive mood for those with lower levels of scheduling autonomy. We interpret these findings and discuss the effects that technology use for work may have on older workers’ well-being through the lens of the JD-R model. Our results suggest that ICT use in the workplace combined with work scheduling autonomy may not be advantageous for workers’ well-being.
BcOPR3 Mediates Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens in Arabidopsis and Non-heading Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Wang Yuan , Yuan Shuilin , Shao Cen , Zhu Weitong , Xiao Dong , Zhang Changwei , Hou Xilin , Li Ying
Published: July 2022

In plants, the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways usually mediate the defense response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, respectively. Our previous work showed that after non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) was infected with the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica, expression of the JA biosynthetic gene BcOPR3 is induced; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we overexpressed BcOPR3 in Arabidopsis and silenced BcOPR3 in NHCC001 plants to study the defensive role of BcOPR3 in plants against pathogen invasion. The results showed that overexpression of BcOPR3 increased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000) but enhanced its resistance to Botrytis cinerea. BcOPR3-silenced NHCC001 plants with a 50% reduction in BcOPR3 expression increased their resistance to downy mildew by reducing the hyphal density and spores of H. parasitica. In addition, BcOPR3-partly silenced NHCC001 plants were also resistant to B. cinerea, which could be the result of a synergistic effect of JA and SA. These findings indicate a complicated role of BcOPR3 in the mediating defense responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.