bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Sword-Form Electrode and Ultrasonic-Aid in Electrochemical Finishing of AISI 4340 Surface
Authors: Pa Pai Shan
Published: March 2009

It is difficult to execute the polishing process for swords surface. This study provides a design of sword-form electrode and a new area finishing process using an ultrasonic energy transmitted into the electrolyte to assist the process of electrochemical finishing on the surface of nickel chromium steels beyond traditional polishing process of sword surface instead of the conventional hand or machines surface finishing. The surface of the sword is electrochemically finished by different types of feeding electrodes as a finishing operation. In the experiment, four types of electrode were used with continuous direct current and axial electrode feed applied. The controlled factors included the chemical composition and concentration of the electrolyte, die material, initial gap width, and flow rate of electrolyte. The experimental parameters were current rating, feed rate of electrode, frequency and power level of ultrasonics, and electrode geometry. The higher current rating with ultrasonic assistance can avoid the difficulty of dregs discharge, thus reducing the finishing time. For the design of electrodes, an electrode of arc-end shape with small end radius and small wedge angle provides larger discharge space and better finishing effect. The electrode of round-pin shape with semicircular end is associated with higher current density and provides more opening discharge space and performs best. A low-cost and effective finishing process of the sword surface is presented. It is a great contribution that the ultrasonic-aided electrochemical finishing after sword finish just needs quite a shorter time than manual or machine polishing to make the surface of swords smooth and bright.
Diamond Machining of Steel Molds for Optical Applications
Authors: Brinksmeier Ekkard , Gläbe Ralf
Published: March 2009

As is well known, excessive chemical tool wear occurs when steel alloys are machined
with monocrystalline diamond tools prevents many important applications. In order to reduce this
catastrophic tool wear, certain process modifications have been proposed in the literature, e.g.
cryogenic cutting and elliptical vibration cutting. Another approach for realizing precision
machining of steel is coating the diamond with a TiN layer or using ceramic tools. However, only
elliptical vibration cutting has proven to be ready for industrial use, but a large amount of auxiliary
equipment is needed. The basic idea of the new approach is to avoid chemical reactions between the
carbon of the diamond tool and the iron of the substrate by establishing a chemical bond between
the iron and other chemical elements in the workpiece's subsurface layer. Using a custom-made
thermo-chemical process for altering the chemical composition of the boundary layer of the
workpiece the diamond tool wear can be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude. The
surface roughness obtained in single point diamond turning of carbon steel was approximately
10 nm Ra and 6 nm Ra for raster milling processes.
Research on Kinematic Analysis and Post Processing Arithmetic for NC Machine Tool for Bonnet Tool Polishing
Authors: Yao Ying Xue , Yu Shun Zhou , Xie Da Gang
Published: March 2009

Bonnet tool polishing, combined traditional optical polishing technique with modern NC technology, is an novel optical polishing technique. As the motion control and material removal process is different from metal cutting NC machine tool, the NC programming for bonnet tool polishing NC machine tools cannot be carried out with commercial CAM software. This paper analyses the kinematics of feed mechanism and precession mechanism using coordinate transformation method and sets up the feed and precession kinematics equations. The arithmetic of post processing applied to NC automatic programming system is proposed according to kinematics equations and detail bonnet tool polishing technique.
A Non-Contact Displacement Sensor with Diffraction Grating Metrology System for Profile Measurement
Authors: Chen Yu Rong , Yang Xu Dong , Xie Tie Bang
Published: March 2009

Focus detection method is one of non-contact profile measurement methods. However,
the measurement accuracy of current focus detection method is limited by voice coil motor adopted
by it. In this paper, based on an improved Foucault focus detection method, a new non-contact
displacement sensor with diffraction grating metrology system is presented. Driven by a
piezoelectric actuator instead of a voice coil motor, and a diffraction grating metrology system
being with it, the sensor has high measurement accuracy. During surface profile sampling,
according to focusing deviation signal, the focusing lens was driven to move vertically by the
piezoelectric actuator so that its focus was always located on the workpiece surface, synchronously
the vertical displacement of the focusing lens was obtained by the diffraction grating metrology
system as the profile height of sampling points. The displacements of all sampling points gave the
whole profile of the measured surface, which can be processed by a characterization software to
obtain the measurement result. The resolution of the non-contact displacement sensor was 10 nm.
MgF2 Film Deposited by IAD with End-Hall Ion Source Using SF6 as Working Gas
Authors: Hsu Jin Cherng , Wang Paul W. , Chen Huang Lu
Published: March 2009

Traditionally, Argon (Ar) is used as a working gas to deposit MgF2 thin films in ionbeam
assisted deposition (IAD) process. It improves the quality of the films, but cannot reduce the
loss of F- ions during the process which also results in other impurities appearing in MgF2 thin
films. The contaminants in MgF2 film such as C, O and Ar atoms are identified by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In this study, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was chosen as a working
gas in which more F– ions were created from the dissociation of SF6 in the IAD process in order to
increase the content of F and eliminate the contamination. In our knowledge, very few reports have
been published on IAD used SF6 as a working gas in optical coating process at around room
temperature. Deposition of unwanted sulfur atoms was the concern when SF6 was used in the IAD
process, however, no sulfur was observed in XPS spectra. The XPS spectra of Mg 2p, O 1s and F 1s
were decomposed and analyzed with some Gaussian sub-peaks. The transmission spectra of films
were measured in UV and visible ranges. The water absorption phenomena in the films were also
measured by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Compared to the films fabricated by
other methods, using SF6 as a working gas in IAD is a good choice to deposit MgF2 films.
Stage Equipped with Single Actuator for Nano-Positioning in Large Travel Range
Authors: Wang Yung Cheng , Lin Chiun Jie , Chen Chao Jung , Liou Huay Chung
Published: March 2009

Precision positioning is an essential basis for precision mechanical engineering, such as
positioning for precision manufacture, or positioning control of robot arms. Due to the increasing
demand for precision in the submicrometer range, precision positioning plays an important role for
precision manufacture.
In this investigation a nano-positioning stage is developed. With the positioning system, high
precision positioning and large displacement range can be achieved simultaneously. Advantages of
this developed system are positioning driver with single actuator, uncomplicated mechanical
structure, low cost and lower hardware requirement.
A laser interferometer is used for displacement measurements of the translation stage, and a
mini-autocollimator serves as angle sensor for tilt angle measurements. The tilt angle can be
minimized with piezo translators and control operations. By the displacement measurements of
laser interferometer, the feedback control is performed for positioning in large travel range.
High precision positioning in nanometer-order can be achieved with the positioning system.
With this development, individual sensor modules are self-accomplished and dominating
technologies for the complete nano-positioning system are established.
Fast Computing Model for Thermal Field of Auto Lamp
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Jin Guo , Wang Yong Tian
Published: March 2009

Thermal field analysis for automotive lamps is a complicated thermodynamics problem.
According to the features of structure and lighting process of automotive lamps, a simple and
convenient model is put forward here for analyzing their thermal field. Under certain assumptions,
it simplifies the complicated geometrical structure to the relative simple cavities and only considers
the influence of thermal conduction and thermal radiation as main forms of heat transfer for thermal
field of the lamps. The consistency of numerical analysis and actual test demonstrates that this
modeling method calculates thermal field of the lamps quickly and perfectly, and indicates its
practical signification.
Iterative Model for Simulating Light Intensity Variation of LED
Authors: Liu Hong , Shen Yan Nan , Chen Qiong
Published: March 2009

As a new kind of light source, LED light source has found wide application in many
fields, especially in automotive lamp light source with the rise of luminous efficacy. The paper puts
forward an iterative model, which approximates the light intensity variation of LED by adding up a
series of the luminous flux of sub light sources with uniform light intensity, and accurately reflects
the attenuation feature of LED light intensity. As long as the tracing ray is sufficient, the calculation
error will be very small, and the result ideal, thus making it suitable for engineering application.
Ultra-Thin Design of Large Backlight Module Used in Illuminating Advertising Pictures
Authors: Deng Shi Tao , Li Xiao Tong , Cen Zhao Feng , Meng Xiao
Published: March 2009

At present, the large backlight modules, used in illuminating advertising pictures, are
designed and developed in various specifications, whose common goal is to try to manufacture
thinner backlight modules and produce more uniform illumination. The currently well developed
backlighting technology for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) can be transformed and used in such an
area. However, the design of edge-lit backlight with size of over 1 square meter has great
difficulties in eliminating the phenomenon of non-uniform illumination. In this paper, the
application of Bezier curve in the simulating the dot pattern on the bottom of light guide is
presented, which directly determines the final light extraction efficiency and illuminating
uniformity. Taking the RMS deviation of illuminance values at several sample positions as the
merit function, the shape of Bezier curves can be smoothly changed, so that the dot radius can be
optimized in a fast and efficient way. Such an optimization procedure uses only two variables and
has a fast convergence. As an example, a large light guide, 800mm×1000mm in size, was designed
by applying the Bezier method, and the final uniformity of 70% was achieved. The most prominent
feature in such a method is that the thickness of designed light guide can decrease to 5 mm. In sum,
the large sized edge-lit backlight can be designed in a short optimization period by simulating the
dot radius distribution in a shape of the Bezier curve.
Modifications of the Extrusion Process of Magnesium Alloys for Improved Mechanical Properties
Authors: Müller Sören , Mueller Klaus , Reimers Walter
Published: March 2009

In the course of the increasing discussions about a reduction of the CO2 emissions
magnesium has gained importance since it is the lightest metal for structural applications. Currently
magnesium alloys are almost exclusively used as cast parts in the automotive industry because due
to their microstructure extruded magnesium profiles exhibit a strong asymmetry in the mechanical
properties under tensile and compressive loading (strength differential effect).
In order to improve the mechanical properties a detailed knowledge about the influence of the
different extrusion parameters on the microstructure of the extrudates is necessary. Therefore, the
parameters extrusion method, billet temperature, product speed, extrusion ratio and cooling
condition were varied for the extrusion of the magnesium alloys AZ31, AZ61 and AZ80.
Subsequently the microstructure was analyzed and the mechanical properties determined. With an
additional analysis of the deformation modes of the extruded and cold deformed products it could
be discovered that an improvement of the mechanical properties can be achieved by a modification
of the extrusion process.
Since the strength differential effect in caused by twinning which due to the texture of the
extrudates is only active under a compressive loading along the extrusion direction the modification
of the extrusion process aims at a suppression of this twinning. Because on the one hand compared
to that for dislocation glide the Hall-Petch-Constant for twinning is bigger a grain refinement of the
extruded products could be achieved by a predeformation using ECAE similar processes. On the
other hand a process has been developed where the profiles are extruded into a hydrostatic counter
pressure in order to alter the texture during the extrusion. Thereby the twinning is already activated
during the extrusion. Both modifications of the extrusion process result in an increase of the critical
resolved shear stress for twinning during the subsequent cold deformation and thus in improved
mechanical properties.
Argon-Arc Welding of Cu/Ti3AlC2 Cermet
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhai Hong Xiang , Huang Zhen Ying , Li Shi Bo
Published: March 2009

Joining of Cu/Ti3AlC2 cermet by an argon-arc welding technique without filler was firstly
investigated. The results show that the Cu/Ti3AlC2 cermet can be joined firmly. The joining strength at
room temperature was measured to be 851 MPa after optimization of the welding parameters with 2.6
A/mm2 for arc current density, 5 s for arc time, 10.8 kPa for applied pressure and 12 V for arc voltage. The
microstructure in welded zone shows that fine TiCx particles uniformly dispersed in a network structure
of Cu-Al alloys. This feature endows the Cu/Ti3AlC2 cermet with the high joining strength.
Fabrication of Superfine Ti(C,N)-Based Cermet by Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Liquid Sintering
Authors: Zheng Yong , Yu Hai Jun , Yuan Quan , Yan Yong Lin
Published: March 2009

Pure Ti, TiN and graphite powders were mechanically alloyed to synthesize Ti(C,N) powder
with nanocrystalline microstructure. The effect of milling variables on the synthesizing behavior of the
powders was investigated. As a result of milling, nano Ti(C,N) phase was synthesized by mechanical
alloying. After that, Ti(C,N)-based cermets were fabricated with the powders as raw ceramic materials. It
was found that the grain size was affected by the content of mechanical alloyed (MAed) Ti(C,N). The
grains of the cermet with suitable MAed Ti(C,N) powder were smaller than that of the typical cermets
prepared from the commercial powders, and the rim phase surrounding the hard core was also complete.
As a result of this, the transverse rupture strength and hardness of the cermets were improved.
Effects of Rare Earth Oxides on Microstructures and Properties of Magnesia Refractories
Authors: Zhang Bao Guo , Wang Zhou Fu , Zhang Shao Wei , Wang Xi Tang , Xu Zi Wei
Published: March 2009

The effects of Y2O3, La2O3 and Nd2O3 on the sintering, microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesia refractories were investigated. Addition of rare earth oxide (ReO) to magnesia refractories increases the bulk density, decreases the porosity and improves the mechanical strength of the refractories. The improved sinterability was attributable to the vacancies generation associated with the solid-solution reactions between MgO and ReO. In the samples with ReO, rare earth silicate phases form at magnesia grain boundaries, providing additional bonding between magnesia grains and between magnesia grains and matrix. Consequently, the samples with ReO showed much higher high temperature strengths than those without ReO.
Synthesis of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in Syntetic Body Fluids
Authors: Yin Zhao Yi , Ning Cheng Yun , Zhu Wen Jun , Chen Hao , Cheng Hai Mei , Lei Shu Mei , Yin Shi Heng , Zheng Hua De
Published: March 2009

In this study, biomemitic hydroxyapatite was prepared as a nano-sized powder from calcium
nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate salts, but using the different contents of PVP
modified hydroxyapatite and synthetic body fluid (SBF) solutions as synthesis medium instead of pure
water at 37.4C and pH of 7.4. SBF was prepared in accord with the chemical analysis of human body
fluid, with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of the inorganic constituents of human blood plasma.
Characterization and chemical analaysis of the synthesized biomemitic hydroxyapatite powders and pure
hydroxyapatite were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Rheological properties of HAP sol which
reflected the interaction of hydroxyapatite particles were measured by R/S rheometer. The results showed
that PVP evidently affected the stability and rheological properties of HAP sol, and PVP were based on
the different mechanism at different concentrations. PVP was operating as an interparticle bridging
reagent at low concentrations(0.5%), while it acted as an dispersant at high concentrations(2.0%). The
biomemitic hydroxyapatite with the sizes of 10~30nm was spherical and poor crystalline, which was
synthesized in synthetic body fluid (SBF) by addition of 2.0% PVP.
Influence of Applied Voltage on the Structure of Micro-Plasma Oxidized Titania-Based Coatings Formed in an Electrolyte Containing Nano-HA and Calcium Salts and Phosphate
Authors: Wei Da Qing , Zhou Yu , Jia De Chang , Wang Ya Ming
Published: March 2009

In this work, porous titania-based coatings containing Ca and P ions were prepared on titanium
alloy by micro-plasma oxidation (MPO) in an electrolyte containing nano-HA, calcium salts and
phosphate under various applied voltages (200~450 V). The results showed that the MPO coatings
formed at 250-450 V were composed of anatase and amorphous phase. With increasing applied voltage,
the micropore size and thickness of the MPO coatings increase, while the micropore number decreases.
Furthermore, the Ca and P concentrations, as well as atomic ratio of Ca/P are highly dependent on the
applied voltage. In addition, the cross-sectional view results showed good adhesion between the MPO
coatings and titanium alloy substrate at various applied voltages. In vitro experiments indicated that the
MPO coating can induce apatite formation.
Effects of CuO on the Preparation, Microstructure and Dielectric Response of CaCu3Ti4O12
Authors: Qiao Jian Fang , Qin Dan Dan , Guan Li , Wang Hai Long , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2009

CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) barrier layer ceramic capacitor was prepared by a two-step sintering process. The CCTO powders were pre-synthesized at 900oC by solid-state reaction and the effects of the amount of CuO on the formation of the CCTO powders were investigated. The CCTO ceramics were prepared by the second-step sintering. It was found that the abnormal grain growth and inhomogeneous microstructure are controlled by the amount of excessive CuO. The optimized CuO content in the composites is ~14 wt%. The maximum permittivity is 115,000 (1 kHz, 210oC).
Low-Temperature Sintering of Ba5(Nb1-xVx)4O15 Ceramics with H3BO3
Authors: Zhang C. , Qiu Hong , Xiong Zhao Xian
Published: March 2009

Ba5(Nb1-xVx)4O15 (0≤x≤0.1) ceramics doped with H3BO3 were prepared by solid-state reaction.
The effects of H3BO3 additives on the sinterability and microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics
were investigated. The formation of a single phase was identified with the X-ray powder diffraction
patterns of Ba5(Nb1-xVx)4O15 ceramics in the composition x from 0 to 0.025. Minor phases including
Ba3(VO4)2 were formed as the secondary phase for the compositions with x>0.025. The dielectric
constants (εr) of the ceramics increased firstly from 38.7 to 39.69 with x increasing from 0 to 0.01, and,
then decreased to 36.91 with x=0.1, meanwhile, the unloaded quality factor and temperature coefficient
of resonance frequency (τf) decreased as the x value increased from 0 to 0.1. Microwave dielectric
properties, εr=36.91, Q×f =16,167GHz and τf =35ppm/°C, were obtained for Ba5(Nb0.9V0.1)4O15 ceramics
with 1wt% H3BO3 sintered at 900°C for 2h.
The Characteristics of Ferroelectric Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2-xVxO6 Dielectrics
Authors: Yang Yao Sheng , Tzou Wen Cheng , Wu Guan Hung , Yang Cheng Fu , Chen Chern Hwa , Diao Chien Chen
Published: March 2009

In this study, it would be interesting to investigate ceramic material based on
Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6 composition, V2O5 was used to substitute Nb2O5 to form the compositions of
Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2-xVxO6, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3. The prepared Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2-xVxO6 ceramics were sintered
from 1060oC to 1300oC, and the needed sintering temperatures were dependent on V2O5 content. The
SEM micrographs showed that even 1220oC was used as the sintering temperature of Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2O6
ceramics, the pores were still observed. The crystal intensities of some (h,k,l) planes, for example
(3,2,0) and (5,5,0) planes, apparently increased with the increase of V2O5 content and slightly
decreased with the increase of sintering temperatures. The temperature-dependent dielectric
characteristics were measured from 25oC to 300oC at 1MHz as a function of sintering temperatures
and V2O5 content. The studied results would show that the sintering temperatures and V2O5 content
also had large influence on the maximum dielectric constants (revealed at Curie temperatures) and the
temperature-dielectric curves of Sr0.4Ba0.6Nb2-xVxO6 ceramics.
Formation of ZrO2-Al2O3 Coating Layers on SiC Fiber by Dip-Coating Process
Authors: Lee Jae Seol , Son Hyeon Taek , Yano Toyohiko
Published: March 2009

The layers of ZrO2-Al2O3 were coated on the surface of SiC fibers (Tyranno SA fiber) by
dip-coating process. The citric acid-ethylene glycol solution containing Al and Zr ions was polymerized
at 150oC to obtain a polymerized complex precursor. The 2D-woven SiC Tyranno SA fibers were dipped
into this precursor few times. Heat treatment for coated fiber was conducted at 800-1200oC for 1 h in air.
Thin film of mixed zirconium/aluminum oxides on SiC fibers were successfully elaborated using the
sol-gel process. The coated zirconium/aluminum oxides layer of SiC Tyranno SA fiber was about
200-1000 nm. The coated fibers were stable in an oxidizing environment even at high temperatures.
Phase Separation and Nanocrystal TiO2 Formation in Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-TiO2 System
Authors: Zhang Wen Li , Zhao Ying Na , Jin Jian Guo
Published: March 2009

The basic compositions of the samples were selected inside and outside of Na2O-B2O3-SiO2
glass phase separation region, respectively. Nanocrystalline TiO2 was crystallized by melt-phase
separation process. The results showed that the phase separation of Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-TiO2 glass system
was advantaged to TiO2 nucleation and growth, and then the formation of the nanocrystalline. The main
mechanism of TiO2 crystallization is that the rich alkali-boron phase has the lower viscidity and higher
particles moving ability than that of parent phase glass. Therefore, the movement rate of TiO2 particle can
be promoted and TiO2 crystallization can be accelerated. Moreover, the formation of non-homogeneous
nucleus situation and the centralization function of TiO2 have less contribution to TiO2 crystallization.
Use of Angang Slag for the Production of Glass-Ceramic Materials
Authors: Lu Hong Xia , Hou Tie Cui , Wei Zhang , Li Li Jian , Zhang Rui , Xu Hong Liang , Wang Hai Long , Guan Shao Kang
Published: March 2009

The characteristic of Angang blast furnace slag was studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,
DSC, X-ray diffraction and SEM. SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system glass-ceramics have been obtained
successfully from slag with other additives. The properties of slag-based glass-ceramics were analyzed in
this paper. It has been found that nucleation temperature is in the range of 600~700 °C, and crystallization
temperature is in the range of 850~950 °C. The crystals phase is 2 CaO⋅ Al2O3⋅ SiO2. The chemical and
mechanical properties of slag-based glass-ceramics are superior to the properties of clay brick.
Laser Induced Crystallization of LAS Glass System Doped with Samarium Ion
Authors: Lee Kyu Ho , Kim Young Seok , Jung Young Joon , Kim Tae Ho , Ryu Bong Ki
Published: March 2009

Laser induced Crystallized glasses including nonlinear optical crystals have been taken
attention, because of a high potential for laser host, tunable waveguide, tunable fiber grating, etc.. Laser
irradiation of glass has been regarded as a process for selective structure modification and crystallization
in glass, various researches of laser-induced structural changes have been progressed so far. In this work,
Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LAS) glass was irradiated by Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064nm by
increasing Sm2O3 contents as a dopant which induces heat processing in a glass. Crystallized glasses by
irradiation of Nd: YAG laser has been compared with conventional crystallization heat-treated in an
electric furnace from x-ray diffraction analyses. Finally, we could achieve results which laser irradiation
affect crystallization of glass by changing crystallinity between Tx and Tp.
The Possibility of Glass Storage Device with Long Term Preservation and High Density Adopted Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Kim Tae Ho , Lee Kyu Ho , Kim Young Seok , Jung Young Joon , Ryu Bong Ki
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this study is doing analogical inference of characteristic of glass by using the
critical disconnect bonding and verifies this equation is proper or not to predict the property of matter
when a laser is induced to glass substrate. As starting composition, 10Na2O-10CaO-xB2O3-(70-x)SiO2
glasses (x= 10 ~ 25) were used and Nd:YAG laser(532nm) was applied to make a microstructure onto
surface. Followed to the portion of B2O3 is increasing the bonding strength was increased. As the result
bump size was decreased at the same laser fluence. The minimum size of the bump was about 1.3μm at
328J/cm2 laser fluence. This size is similar pitch size compared with commercial polycarbonate CD.
Synthesis of (1–x) CaTiO3–xNdAlO3 Ceramic Powder via Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Precursor
Authors: Huang Guo Hua , Xu Jian Mei , Tang Yan Yun , Huang Jin Li , Tang Ping Ying , Zhou Dong Xiang
Published: March 2009

(1–x)CaTiO3–xNdAlO3 (CTNA) microwave dielectric ceramics have a high Q value and a low
temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( τf ). CTNA ceramic powder was synthesized using a
polymeric precursor derived from a mixed-metal ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) / ethylene
glycol solution. The precursors and derived oxide powders were characterized by thermogravimetric
analysis and X-ray diffraction. When x = 0.3, CTNA was synthesized at 900°C for 3 h in air. Compared
with that prepared by the solid-state reaction method in literatures, the CTNA ( x = 0.3 ) ceramics with
better microwave properties could be obtained at lower calcination and sintering temperatures by EDTA
chelating method.
Influence of Cu2+ Doping on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Film
Authors: Cui Rui Hai , Jiang Zhao Hua , Yao Zhong Ping
Published: March 2009

With the approach of anodic oxidation, TiO2/Ti film doped with Cu2+ was produced in H2SO4
electrolyte mixed with CuSO4. The surface morphology and the roughness of the films were studied with
atomic force microscopy. The phase composition of the films was studied by X-ray diffraction. The
photocatalytic activity of the films was compared through the photocatalytic degradation rate of phenol.
The relations of the photocatalytic activity to the concentration of Cu2+, the microstructure and the surface
roughness of the film were investigated. The results showed that Cu2+ increased the surface roughness and
restrained the growth of crystal. In addition, the phenol in aqueous solution was successfully photodegraded
under visible light irradiation by Cu2+-TiO2/Ti film. The composition and structure of the film
affected the catalytic activity greatly. Compared with TiO2/Ti film, the recombination rate of e- and h+ of
Cu2+-TiO2/Ti film was decreased.
Phase Transformation of Tangshan Ironstone-Tailings at Different Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Kai , Yang Jing Zhou , Huang Zhao Hui , Fang Ming Hao , Liu Yan Gai
Published: March 2009

The phase transformation of Tangshan ironstone-tailings between 900°C ~1200°C in air was
investigated by DTA-TG. XRD and SEM analyses indicated that the ironstone-tailings, sintered at 900°
and 1000°C respectively, mainly were composed of α-quartz, anorthite [(Na0.45Ca0.55)(Al1.55Si2.45O8)],
tremolite and a little of hematite. For the sample sintered at 1100°C, augite appeared and tremolite
disappeared. Fayalite formed in the sample sintered at 1200°C. The two samples both exhibited
contraction character in the range of experimental temperature.
Practical Evolutions and Computer Simulation of Pores in BaTiO3 Ceramics during Sintering Process
Authors: Li L.M. , Ji Guo Li , Yang Y.P. , Xiong Zhao Xian
Published: March 2009

Practical evolutions of pores in BaTiO3 ceramics during sintering are studied, including the
preparation of practical BaTiO3 ceramics and observation of ceramic microstructure by SEM. The
reduction of porosity and thus dense process results from the change of the free energy in the ceramic
system, which is altered by the disappearing of the interface between solid and pore. The sintering process
are monitored, including sintering neck growth, pore shape and size changing, grain growth and compact
body contracting. Theoretical formulae during the sintering process are applied for the computer simulation.
The experimental results of BaTiO3 ceramics are in good agreement with that of simulation.
Strength Analyses of Interference Fit between Ceramic Column and Metal Sleeve
Authors: Tian Xin Li , Tang Xiu Jian
Published: March 2009

Ceramic column and metal sleeve are often used together by interference fit. The stress
distribution in brittle ceramics is different from that in metal. Two important factors for their connection
strength such as interference value and the length of envelope surface are discussed in this paper. The
results showed that interference value is the decisional factor for the strength of interference fit between
ceramic column and metal sleeve, while the length of envelope surface impacts it slightly.
Effect of Iron Additive on the Sintering Behavior of Hot-Pressed ZrC-W Composites
Authors: Wang Yu Jin , Chen Lei , Zhang Tai Quan , Zhou Yu
Published: March 2009

The ZrC-W composites with iron as sintering additive were fabricated by hot-press
sintering. The densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were
investigated. The incorporation of Fe beneficially promotes the densification of ZrC-W composites. The
relative density of the composite sintered at 1900°C can attain 95.3%. W2C phase is also found in the
ZrC-W composite sintered at 1700°C. The content of W2C decreases with the increase of sintering
temperature. However, W2C phase is not identified in the composite sintered at 1900°C. The flexural
strength and fracture toughness of the composites are strongly dependent on sintering temperature. The
flexural strength and fracture toughness of ZrC-W composite sintered at optimized temperature of 1800°C
are 438 MPa and 3.99 MPa·m1/2, respectively.
0.75SrBi2Ta2O9-0.25Bi3TiTaO9 Layered Structural Thin Films: Microstructure and Ferroelectric Properties
Authors: Xie Dan , Zhang Zhi Gang , Ren Tian Ling , Liu Li Tian
Published: March 2009

{0.75SrBi2Ta2O9-0.25Bi3TiTaO9}(SBT-BTT) thin films were prepared by the modified metalorganic
solution deposition (MOSD) technique. The microstructure and ferroelectric properties of SBTBTT
thin films were studied. The SBT-BTT thin films were produced at 750°C. The grain size and
surface roughness of SBT-BTT films showed significant enhancement with an increase in annealing
temperatures. It is found that SBT-BTT thin films have good ferroelectric properties. The measured
remanent polarization values for SBT-BTT, SBT and BTT capacitors were 15, 7.5 and 4.8μC/cm2,
respectively. The coercive field for SBT-BTT capacitors was 50kV/cm. More importantly, the polarization
of SBT-BTT capacitors only decreased 5% after 1011 switching cycles at a frequency of 1MHz.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of B4C/BN Laminated Ceramics
Authors: Liu Wei Liang , Tan Jun , Tang Chun Bao , Ge Chang Chun
Published: March 2009

The B4C/BN laminated ceramics were prepared by tape casting/coating. The effect of structure
on the mechanical behavior of the B4C/BN was studied. The results showed that the fracture toughness
and bending strength are optimal when the layer thickness ratio (eB4C/eBN) is 15. The SEM photographs of
B4C/BN laminated ceramic indicated that the high fracture energy mainly resulting from crack deflection
and crack delamination at the BN weak interface.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Na(Nb1-xTax)O3 Powder for Fabrication of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Zhu Kong Jun , Qiu Jin Hao , Kajiyoshi Koji , Yanagisawa Kazumichi
Published: March 2009

Hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the Na(TaxNb1-x)O3 (x = 0.1-0.5) powders with
the addition of isopropanol. The phases of the obtained powders were confirmed by XRD. The
morphology and particle size were observed by FE-SEM. The specific surface areas were measured by
multipoint BET technique. The presence of water and organic group were determined by (FT-IR)
spectroscopy. The results indicate that the pure Na(TaxNb1-x)O3 (x = 0.1-0.5) powders with perovskite
structure and fine particles were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method at 240 °C for 8 hours
with the addition of isopropanol.
Synthesis of Cordierite Powders by Low Temperature Combustion Method
Authors: He Ying , Zhou He Ping , Wang Han Feng
Published: March 2009

The cordierite powders have been synthesized by low temperature combustion technique using
urea as fuel, nitrates as oxidizer and silicic acid as silica source. The sintering behavior and crystallization
process were investigated. The results showed that the powders could be sintered at a temperature lower
than 1000 °C. The μ-cordierite crystallized from glass at first, and then transformed into α-cordierite at
higher temperature. The obtained cordierite based glass ceramics at different temperatures have low
dielectric constant (4.16 ~ 5.02 at 1 MHz) and low dielectric dissipation factor (≈ 0.003 at 1 MHz) as well
as low temperature sintering behavior, which is compatible for electronic packaging.
Effects of the Top-Electrode Annealing on the Ferroelectric Properties of BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Liu Shan , Li Jian , Pan Wei
Published: March 2009

BiFeO3 films were prepared by chemical solution method on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The
ferroelectric properties of Pt/BiFeO3/Pt capacitors were investigated, and the effect of recovery annealing
applied after Pt top electrode deposition was discussed. The pure phase film with recovery annealing
exhibits lower leakage current and higher remanent polarization than those without post-annealing. The
leakage current is reduced by three orders of magnitude, the remanent polarization increases from
2.59μC/cm2 to 3.44μC/cm2. The recovery anneals applied after top electrode deposition may optimize the
ferroelectric performance by removing the effect of structural defects formed by sputtering.
Fabrication and Conductivities of CeO2-Based Oxygen-Ion Conductors Doped by M2O3 (M=La, Nd, Sm and/or Ga)
Authors: Zhang H. , Zhou H.T. , Bergman Bill , Li Z.C.
Published: March 2009

Ceria oxygen-ion conductors doped with M2O3 (M=La, Nd, Sm and/or Ga) were prepared by a
wet chemical method. Phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction method and conductivities were
measured by using AC impedance analyzer. The results showed that Ga2O3-CeO2 solid solution with 17
nm grains and pure fluorite phase had been obtained even at calcination temperature of 800 °C for 5 hs.
Conductivities of Ga2O3-La2O3 co-doped CeO2 were higher than that of Sm2O3-doped CeO2, which was
reported having the highest conductivity among CeO2-based oxides.
Electrical Conductivity of Ceria Co-Doped with Zr and Re (Re=La,Y)
Authors: Li Bin , Chen Zheng Hui , Pan Wei
Published: March 2009

The series of powders with the general formula of Ce0.8-xZrxLa0.2O1.9 (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) and Ce0.8-xZrxY0.2O1.9 (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The samples sintered at 1500°C all possess the single phase with cubic fluorite structure. The lattice parameter and the ionic conductivity decrease with increasing the content of Zr. However, the ionic conductivity of ceria co-doped with Zr and La reduces with decreasing the lattice strain.
Limiting Current Oxygen Sensors with LSM as Dense Diffusion Barrier
Authors: Wu Yin Lin , Wang Ling , Li Fu Shen , Zhao Yan Qin
Published: March 2009

A thick film type of limiting current oxygen sensor which uses yttria (8% mol) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as oxygen ion conducting solid electrolytes and dense La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) as diffusion barrier was developed successfully. The oxygen sensor showed excellent performance at oxygen concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 ppm. The advantages of the sensor are simple construction, low cost and potential long term stability.
Novel Mg Sensors for Application in Molten Al
Authors: Zhou Hui Zhu , Dai Lei , Li Yue Hua , Wu Yin Lin , Wang Ling , Hong Yan Ruo
Published: March 2009

Mg ion conductors, MgAl2O4 and MgZr4(PO4)6, were prepared by solid state reaction. Their electrical properties were measured and their application in electrochemical sensors for on-line determination of Mg in molten Al in the refining process and alloying process was examined. The activation energies for Mg ion conduction in MgAl2O4 and MgZr4(PO4)6 are 2.08 eV and 1.7 eV, respectively. The sensors have been found to respond rapidly to the change of Mg content in molten aluminium around 1000 K.
Transformation from Monoclinic LiMnO2 to Spinel LixMn2O4 during Electrochemical Cycling
Authors: Gu Yi Jie , Chen Y.B. , Wu H.K. , Huang X.W. , Liu X.B. , Cui Hong Zhi , Wang Y.M. , Yang Z.N. , Wang C.L. , Huo H.
Published: March 2009

The monoclinic LiMn0.9Cr0.1O2 irreversibly transforms to spinel-like structure m-LiMnO2
during the electrochemical cycling. Experimental results indicated that the (440) interplanar distance of
LixMn2O4 at the charged state increases as the cycle number increases, while the (440) interplanar
distance of LixMn2O4 at the discharged state decreases as the cycle number increases.A model for the
transformation of monoclinic LiMn0.9Cr0.1O2 to the spinel LiMn2O4 is suggested. According to the
suggested model, there may exist two types of s-LixMn2O4 when m-LiMnO2 transforms into s-LixMn2O4.
The two types of spinel LixMn2O4 develop the nanodomain.
Structure and Optical Properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 Thin Films Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Chen Kan Song , Gu Hao Shuang , Zou Jian San , Wang Li , Huang Yi
Published: March 2009

SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) thin films were prepared on fused quartz substrates at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition. The crystallization behavior and surface morphology were studied at various oxygen pressures by XRD and AFM. The results indicated that the films had polycrystalline structure with a single layered perovskite phase, and exhibited higher crystalline quality, less rough surface morphology, and larger grain size with increasing oxygen pressure. The optical transmittance of the samples was measured in the wavelength range 200-900 nm, and the dispersion relation of refractive indices and wavelength was found to follow the single electron oscillation model. The energy gap of SBN films grown at oxygen pressure of 5 Pa was estimated to be around 3.88 eV by assuming a direct transition between valence and conduction bands.
Luminescent Properties of Re2SiO4:Tm3+ (Re=Mg,Ba,Sr) Under VUV
Authors: Lu Peng Zhi , He Da Wei , Li Xin , Wang Yong Sheng
Published: March 2009

New phosphors of Tm3+ doped Re2SiO4 (Re=Mg, Ba, Sr) were prepared by the solid-state
reaction and their luminescent properties were investigated. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed
the formation of Re2SiO4: Tm3+ (Re=Mg, Ba, Sr). The excitation spectra indicated that this phosphor can
be effectively excited by 161nm. It consists of peaked at 175nm and a broad excitation band from 184nm
to 300nm, corresponded to the absorption of the host lattice and the O−Tm3+ charge transfer transitions.
The emission peaks at about 357nm, 459nm, 485nm is separately corresponds to the 1D2 → 3H6, 1D2 →
3H4, 1G4 → 3H6 transitions of Tm3+. As the radius of alkali earth ion in Re site increases, the main
emission peaks changed to 478nm from 459nm.
Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Hexagonal MgAl2O4 Spinel Fibers
Authors: Yang Dao Yuan , Qian Fen Ling , Zhu Kai , Lu Zhan Ling , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2009

Hexagonal MgAl2O4 spinel fibers were synthesized at 1500oC for 6h in nitrogen atmosphere. The structure and morphology of the fibers were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fibers grew via vapor- liquid- solid mechanism. The twin mechanism was suggested to play a key role in the formation process of the hexagonal fibers.
Fabrication of High Transparent YAG Ceramics by Vacuum Sintering at Low Temperature
Authors: Chen Zhi Hui , Li Jiang Tao , Xu Jiu Jun
Published: March 2009

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) nanopowders were synthesized by n-amyl co-precipitation method. Transparent YAG ceramics were achieved by sintering the green body at 1800°C and then 1600°C for ten hours with TEOS as sintering additive. The transmittance of the sample was 75% at visible wavelength of 800nm.
YAG:Ce3+ Nanopowders: Synthesis, Characteristics and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Zhou Min , Zhang Cheng , Bu Wen Bo , Wang Lei , Li Qiang
Published: March 2009

By means of co-precipitation, pure YAG phase was synthesized from the reaction of aluminum yttrium and cerium nitrates with ammonia as precipitator. In order to obtain the special coating oxide precursor, the metal ions solution and ammonia were respectively added with fixed ratio by two peristaltic pumps to maintain an expired pH value and reaction rate. The as-received precursor was annealed at 700°C and 900°C respectively. The structure, phase evolution and morphology of the as-prepared YAG nanopowders were tested by XRD, BET and SEM. At lower temperature (900°C), coating oxide precursor was directly transformed to nanopowders of pure YAG phase. The high salt solution concentration was critical for the control of chemical homogeneity within the precursors. The YAG nanopowders were less-aggregated and better-dispersed. The luminescent properties were examined and discussed.
Fabrication of BaTiO3-Based Semiconducting Ceramic Thick Films by Aqueous Tape Casting
Authors: Zheng Zhi Ping , Gong Shu Ping , Cheng Shu Fen , Zhou Dong Xiang , Hu Yun Xiang , Liu Huan
Published: March 2009

Semiconducting barium titanate powderss with an average particle size less than 40 nm were used for tape casting. Green tapes with a thickness of 100-500 μm were tape-cast from aqueous slurry of barium titanate powders using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binder and polyelectrolyte ammonium salt as dispersant. The solid loading, viscosity and rheological properties of the ceramic slurries were investigated. Slurries with low viscosity were obtained when the concentration of dispersant was 1.5-2.0 wt% (based on ceramic powders weight) with fixed 75 wt% solid loading. The highest solid loading and optimum dispersion were determined through the proper viscosity to cast. Microstructure and PTC effect of the ceramic chips were studied as a function of firing temperature. Yttrium ions were homogeneously diffused into barium lattices at a low temperature of 1240 °C, and fine-grained PTC ceramics with grain size of 1-2 μm were developed successfully. These results can be explained by the higher rate of reactivity of finer powders and stable behavior of the suspension.
Investigation of Electron Traps in SnO2 Based Varistor Ceramics
Authors: Fan Ji Wei , Freer Robert
Published: March 2009

Dense tin oxide based ceramics are a new type of varistor materials. To further understand the
electrical properties of SnO2 varistors doped with CoO, Nb2O5, and Cr2O3, the techniques of capacitancevoltage
(C-V) measurement and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) were used to investigate the
electron traps in the SCN samples (doped with 1.0 mol% CoO and 0.05mol% Nb2O5) and SCNCr samples
(doped with 1.0 mol% CoO, 0.05mol% Nb2O5 and 0.05mol% Cr2O3). Two electron traps were detected:
trap T1 is located at Ec - 0.30 ± 0.01eV and trap T2 is located at Ec – 0.69 ± 0.03eV for both SCN and
SCNCr samples. The variations in the donor density and trap density could be related to the addition of
chromium oxide. The features of these traps are discussed based on the defect theory related to the SnO2
varistors.
Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide Thick-Film Gas Sensor for H2S Detection
Authors: Gong Shu Ping , Huang Li Hua , Liu Huan , Li Ming , Zhou Dong Xiang
Published: March 2009

Nanocrystalline thick-film gas sensor was fabricated by screen printing method with
CuO-doped tin oxide powder synthesized by hydrothermal method. Average grain size of the CuO-doped
tin oxide powders was typically below 10 nanometers and the thick-films had a narrow grain size
distribution typically below 50 nanometers. Effect of the amount of CuO on the sensing properties was
investigated and the optimal value was found to be 3 wt%. The nanocrystalline CuO-SnO2 thick-film gas
sensors were more sensitive to H2S than those based on commercial micro SnO2 powders, which were
attractive to the detection of low concentrations of H2S gas at relative low temperatures.
Preparation of Bi2Te3 Nano-Powders via an Aqueous Chemical Method
Authors: Li Ya Li , Jiang Jun , Xu Gao Jie , Liu Feng Hua , Li Yong , Cui Ping
Published: March 2009

Using NaBH4 as reductant, Bi2Te3 nano-powders with different morphology such as nano-rod
and nano-sphere were synthesized from BiCl3 and Te through an aqueous chemical method at
temperatures below 100°C. The nano-rods were 100~200nm in diameter and 10~12μm in length, the
diameter of the nano-spheres is between 100 and 500nm. The phase purity of the powders was analyzed
by XRD, micro morphology and chemical compositions were characterized by SEM and EPMA. The
reaction mechanism was discussed.
Preparation of Nanosized La2CuO4 Particle by Chemical Precipitation Method and its Thermoelectrical Properties
Authors: Liu Yong , Lin Yuan Hua , Zhang Bo Ping , Nan Ce Wen , Li Jing Feng
Published: March 2009

Nanometer La2CuO4 particles have been prepared using chemical precipitation method. The
reaction mechanism, microstructure and phase composition of the samples were investigated by TG-DTA,
XRD, SEM. The XRD results showed that pure La2CuO4 phase can be obtained by calcining the
La-Cu-O-H precursor powders at 900 oC for 2 h, and the impurity phase will appear in the La2CuO4
ceramic as increasing the sintering temperature over 1200 oC. La2CuO4 ceramic samples sintered at 950
oC for 6 h exhibit good thermoelectric properties. Seebeck coefficient can reach 714 μV/K, and power
factor is about 2.33×10-5 W/mK2.
Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Xu Chun Lai , Zhou He Ping
Published: March 2009

Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BSTO) ceramics were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique.
The phase compositions, microstructure and dielectric properties of BSTO ceramics were investigated.
The results indicated that SPS was an alternative sintering technology to synthesize dense BSTO
ferroelectric ceramics at low temperature and in a short period.