bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Heart Disease: Section V—Special Situations
Authors: De Caterina Raffaele , Ageno Walter , Agnelli Giancarlo , Chan Noel , Diener Hans-Christoph , Hylek Elaine , Raskob Gary , Siegal Deborah , Verheugt Freek , Lip Gregory , Weitz Jeffrey
Published: December 2018

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) include dabigatran, which inhibits thrombin, and apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban, which inhibit factor Xa. In large clinical trials comparing the NOACs with the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) warfarin, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban were at least as effective for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for treatment of venous thromboembolism, but were associated with less intracranial bleeding. In addition, the NOACs are more convenient to administer than VKAs because they can be given in fixed doses without routine coagulation monitoring. Consequently, the NOACs are now replacing VKAs for these indications, and their use is increasing. Although, as a class, the NOACs have a favourable benefit–risk profile compared with VKAs, choosing among them is complicated because they have not been compared in head-to-head trials. Therefore, selection depends on the results of the individual trials, renal function, the potential for drug–drug interactions and preference for once- or twice-daily dosing. In addition, several ‘special situations’ were not adequately studied in the dedicated clinical trials. For these situations, knowledge of the unique pharmacological features of the various NOACs and judicious cross-trial comparison can help inform prescription choices. The purpose of this position article is therefore to help clinicians choose the right anticoagulant for the right patient at the right dose by reviewing a variety of special situations not widely studied in clinical trials.
Association of Short-Term Mortality of Venous Thromboembolism with Family History of Venous Thromboembolism and Charlson Comorbidity Index
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Pirouzifard MirNabi , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: December 2018

Studies on short-term prognosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that take family history of VTE and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) into account are sparse. The aim was to investigate the importance of family history of VTE and CCI for short-term mortality after a first episode of VTE. Using Swedish medical databases, we conducted a 90-day nationwide cohort study of 41,700 Swedish born patients with a first-time VTE (July 2005–August 2012). Patients diagnosed with VTE and prescribed anticoagulant treatment were included. Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined with Cox regression. Patients with first-degree (sibling/parent) family history of VTE (n = 11,405, 27.4%) had significantly lower CCI than those without family history. Independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in the adjusted model were: female sex (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09–1.29), increasing age (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02 per year), pulmonary embolism (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11–1.32) or combined pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis (HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.27–2.01) compared with deep venous thrombosis, CCI = 1 (HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.32–3.72), CCI = 2 (HR = 8.65, 95% CI: 7.16–10.46) or CCI = 3 (HR = 22.25, 95% CI: 18.73–26.44) compared with CCI = 0. Having one or two or more affected first-degree relatives with VTE was associated with lower mortality, HR = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74–0.92) and HR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.51–0.85), respectively. The mortality rate was 0.70% in patients with a CCI of zero. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve for CCI was 0.84 (0.83–0.95). Family history of VTE is associated with lower mortality while CCI is a strong predictor for short-term mortality in VTE. Co-morbidities are important for risk assessment of VTE.
Low Concentrations of Recombinant Factor VIIa May Improve the Impaired Thrombin Generation of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Patients
Authors: Levy-Mendelovich Sarina , Levy Tamara , Budnik Ivan , Barg Assaf , Rosenberg Nurit , Seligsohn Uri , Kenet Gili , Livnat Tami
Published: December 2018

Introduction Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare bleeding disorder. The disease is caused by the lack or dysfunction of platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3) which is essential for platelet aggregation. Bleeding episodes are usually managed by platelet transfusions. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a common adjunct or alternative treatment option.

Objective This article evaluates GT patients' response to increasing concentrations of rFVIIa using an ex vivo thrombin generation assay to elaborate the knowledge in which rFVIIa treats a platelet dysfunction for bleeding episodes and preoperative management.

Materials and Methods Twenty-four GT patients in a non-bleeding state were enrolled into the study. Thrombin generation was measured in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the presence of 0.7 to 7.0 µg/mL rFVIIa. Clinical data of rFVIIa used to treat GT patients' bleeding episodes was collected, and patients' follow-up course was documented.

Results Thrombin generation was significantly decreased in GT patients compared with controls. An individual response to rFVIIa spiking was noted in GT patients' PRP. In the majority of patients, a significant improvement in thrombin generation was already demonstrated with low concentrations (0.7 µg/mL) of rFVIIa.

Conclusion Thrombin generation is improved in the majority of GT patients following ex vivo spiking with rFVIIa. The magnitude of this improvement is individual and was noted at low concentrations of rFVIIa. There is a need for a prospective clinical trial to find the optimal doses or rFVIIa for treatment of GT patients.
Placental Pathological Findings following Adjusting Enoxaparin Dosage in Thrombophilic Women: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garmi Gali , Zafran Noah , Okopnik Marina , Gavish Israel , Romano Shabtai , Salim Raed
Published: December 2018

Objective Randomized trials showed no improvement in pregnancy outcomes with the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to prevent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (PMPCs) among thrombophilic women. However, the effect of treatment on placental findings was not examined. We aimed to examine the occurrence of placental vascular lesions in thrombophilic women treated with LMWH dose adjusted according to anti-factor Xa compared with a fixed dose.

Study Design This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial designed to examine whether LMWH dose adjusted according to anti-factor Xa levels compared with a fixed dose would reduce the risk of PMPC. Eligible women were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either a fixed dose of 40 mg daily LMWH (fixed dose group) or adjusted dose according to anti-factor Xa levels (adjusted dose group). Placentas were examined by the same perinatal pathologist who was blinded to group allocation. The primary outcome for this analysis was the incidence of maternal placental vascular lesions.

Results During the study period, 88 placentas were examined; 41 and 47 from the fixed and adjusted dose groups, respectively. Demographics, obstetrics and types of thrombophilias were similar between the groups. Maternal placental vascular lesions were observed in 23 (56.1%) and 21 (44.68%) placentas (p = 0.28) and foetal placental vascular lesions in 2 (4.88%) and 1 (2.13%) placentas (p = 0.59) in the fixed and adjusted groups, respectively.

Conclusion Adjusted dose of enoxaparin according to anti-factor Xa levels compared with a fixed dose did not affect placental vascular lesions in thrombophilic women.
The Prognostic Value of Renal Function in Acute Pulmonary Embolism—A Multi-Centre Cohort Study
Authors: Kostrubiec Maciej , Pływaczewska Magdalena , Jiménez David , Lankeit Mareike , Ciurzynski Michał , Konstantinides Stavros , Pruszczyk Piotr
Published: December 2018

Background Haemodynamic alterations caused by acute pulmonary embolism (PE) may affect multi-organ function including kidneys. This multi-centre, multinational cohort study aimed to validate the prognostic significance of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its potential additive value to the current PE risk assessment algorithms.

Methods The post hoc analysis of pooled prospective cohort studies: 2,845 consecutive patients (1,424 M/1,421 F, 66 ± 17 years) with confirmed acute PE and followed up for 180 days. We tested prognostic value of pre-specified eGFR level ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 calculated on admission according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality; the secondary outcomes were PE-related mortality, 180-day all-cause mortality, bleeding and composite outcome (PE-related death, thrombolysis or embolectomy).

Results Two hundred and twenty-three patients (8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7–9%) died within the first 30 days after the diagnosis. The eGFR on admission was significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors (64 ± 34 vs. 75 ± 3 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.0001). Independent predictors for a fatal outcome included: cancer, systolic blood pressure, older age, hypoxia, eGFR, heart rate and coronary artery disease. The eGFR of ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 independently predicted all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7–3.0, p < 0.0001), PE-related outcome and clinically relevant bleedings (odds ratio: 0.90 per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95, p = 0.0002). The eGFR assessment significantly improved prognostic models proposed by European guidelines with net re-classification improvement of 0.42 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion The eGFR of ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 not only independently predicted higher 30- and 180-day all-cause mortality and bleeding events, but when added to the current European Society of Cardiology risk stratification algorithm improved identification of both low- and high-risk patients. Therefore, eGFR calculation should be implemented in the risk assessment of acute PE.
Shoulder Subluxation Pain as a Secondary Indication for Trapezius to Deltoid Transfer
Authors: Elkwood Andrew , Rose Michael , Kaufman Matthew , Patel Tushar , Ashinoff Russell , Saad Adam , Schneider Lisa , Wimmers Eric , Abdollahi Hamid , Yu Deborah
Published: December 2018

Brachial plexus injuries can be debilitating. We have observed that manual reduction of the patients' shoulder subluxation improves their pain and have used this as a second reason to perform the trapezius to deltoid muscle transfer beyond motion. The authors report a series of nine patients who all had significant improvement of pain in the shoulder girdle and a decrease in pain medication use after a trapezius to deltoid muscle transfer. All patients were satisfied with the outcomes and stated that they would undergo the procedure again if offered the option. The rate of major complications was low. The aim is not to describe a new technique, but to elevate a secondary indication to a primary for the trapezius to deltoid transfer beyond improving shoulder function: pain relief from chronic shoulder subluxation.
Platelet Glycoprotein VI Haplotypes and the Presentation of Paediatric Sepsis
Authors: Asfari Ahmed , Dent Judith , Corken Adam , Herington Danielle , Kaliki Vamsikrishna , Sra Natasha , Hefley Glenda , Pasala Sanjiv , Prodhan Parthak , Ware Jerry
Published: December 2018

Sepsis triggers a complex series of pathophysiologic events involving inflammatory responses and coagulation abnormalities. While circulating blood platelets are well-characterized for their contributions to coagulation, increasingly platelet-dependent effects on inflammation are being recognized. Here, we focus on the platelet membrane receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and its role in platelet microparticle (pMP) release. The GPVI receptor is a platelet-specific collagen membrane receptor that, upon ligand binding, facilitates the release of pMPs. As membrane-bound platelet fragments of less than 1 μm, pMPs are known to have both pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant properties. Thus, pMPs are potentially impacting sepsis at multiple stages of the inflammatory response. Studies are presented documenting the impact of the most common GPVI haplotypes, GPVIa and GPVIb, on pMP levels and release in healthy individuals (n = 49). The GPVIa haplotype corresponds to an approximately twofold increase in circulating pMPs as a percentage of total microparticles in healthy individuals along with a heightened in vitro release of pMPs. Additionally, patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 73) with an initial diagnosis of sepsis were recruited and their GPVI haplotypes determined. Septic patients of the GPVIa haplotype (n = 59) were statistically more likely to present with a diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock, as compared with GPVIb individuals (n = 14). Independent disease classification via PELOD-2 and Pediatric Risk of Mortality III scores confirmed individuals with the GPVIa haplotype were more likely to have significant organ failure. Thus, GPVI haplotypes influence pMP levels in the circulation and are predictive of sepsis severity when presenting to the ICU.
Effective quality factor tuning mechanisms in micromechanical resonators
Authors: Miller James M. Lehto , Ansari Azadeh , Heinz David B. , Chen Yunhan , Flader Ian B. , Shin Dongsuk D. , Villanueva L. Guillermo , Kenny Thomas W.
Published: December 2018

Quality factor (Q) is an important property of micro- and nano-electromechanical (MEM/NEM) resonators that underlie timing references, frequency sources, atomic force microscopes, gyroscopes, and mass sensors. Various methods have been utilized to tune the effective quality factor of MEM/NEM resonators, including external proportional feedback control, optical pumping, mechanical pumping, thermal-piezoresistive pumping, and parametric pumping. This work reviews these mechanisms and compares the effective Q tuning using a position-proportional and a velocity-proportional force expression. We further clarify the relationship between the mechanical Q, the effective Q, and the thermomechanical noise of a resonator. We finally show that parametric pumping and thermal-piezoresistive pumping enhance the effective Q of a micromechanical resonator by experimentally studying the thermomechanical noise spectrum of a device subjected to both techniques.
Determination of atomic positions and polar direction in half-Heusler material Sb1-xSnxTi1-y-zHfyZrzCo using electron channeling
Authors: Hansen Vidar , Echevarria-Bonet Cristina , Minde Mona Wetrhus , Taftø Johan
Published: December 2018

Variation of electron-induced x-ray emission with the crystal direction of an incoming electron beam (channeling) is used to study the crystal site preference of different elements in a promising thermoelectric half-Heusler material. This material has Sb, Co and Ti as the main constituting elements, with lower contents of Hf, Zr and Sn. It is confirmed experimentally, in accordance with previous assumptions, that Sb and Sn occupy one of the octahedral sites, 4a (0, 0, 0), Ti, Zr and Hf the other octahedral site, 4b (½, ½, ½), and Co atoms occupy the tetrahedral site, 4c (¼, ¼, ¼) in the cubic spacegroup F4¯3m with lattice constant a = 0.598 ± 0.001 nm. Furthermore, a strong asymmetry along the polar directions is observed, which is as it should be in a half-Heusler material, when the Co atoms have a strong preference for one of the two sets of tetrahedral sites. Such asymmetries can not be observed by kinematical diffraction according to Friedel’s law, thus demonstrating that the observation of element characteristic signals under channeling conditions is a unique technique for determining the sense of polar directions and distinguishing crystal symmetry alternatives in small crystal grains and nanocrystals.
Radiation-induced changes of vacancy-type defects in ferroelectric capacitors as revealed by Doppler broadening positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Hanhan , Liu Ming , Williams Samuel C. , Griffin Lee A. , Cress Cory D. , Rivas Manuel , Rudy Ryan Q. , Polcawich Ronald G. , Glaser Evan R. , Bassiri-Gharb Nazanin , Hawari Ayman I. , Jones Jacob L.
Published: December 2018

Thin film ferroelectric capacitors of composition Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 were exposed to Fe3+ radiation (1011 to 1013 ions/cm2), and the change in the defect structure was investigated by Doppler broadening positron annihilation spectroscopy and other characterization techniques. As the radiation fluence increases, a systematic drop of the S parameter of the positron annihilation photopeak is observed and attributed to an increase in the Zr- and Ti-site related vacancies relative to the Pb-sites. The results demonstrate that the radiation has a more significant influence on the Zr- and Ti-sites relative to the Pb-sites. It is also observed that the S parameter of the Mn-doped samples is higher than the undoped counterparts. Coupled with ferroelectricity measurements and X-ray diffraction, the results suggest that the Mn dopant modifies the initial structure of the material and leads to a different functional response.
Large anomalous Nernst effect across the magneto-structural transition in a bulk Ni-Co-Mn-Sn full Heusler alloy
Authors: Ghosh Arup , De Avirup , Nair Sunil
Published: December 2018

We report on the observation of a temperature and field dependent anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in a Ni-rich bulk Ni-Co-Mn-Sn full Heusler alloy. A large change in the transverse Nernst coefficient (N) is obtained across the first order magneto-structural transition from a tetragonal martensite to a cubic austenite phase. The saturation fields of both the ANE and the magnetization appear to depend largely on the magnetic anisotropy of the device. Such a change in the Nernst co-efficient may prove to be useful for switching applications controlled by temperature and magnetic field changes.
Reducibility of 1-d Schrödinger equation with unbounded time quasiperiodic perturbations. III
Authors: Bambusi D. , Montalto R.
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we study the reducibility of time quasiperiodic perturbations of the quantum harmonic or anharmonic oscillator in one space dimension. We modify known algorithms obtaining a reducibility result which allows us to deal with perturbations of order strictly larger than the ones considered in all the previous papers.
On similarity flows for the compressible Euler system
Authors: Jenssen Helge Kristian , Tsikkou Charis
Published: December 2018

Radial similarity flow offers a rare instance where concrete inviscid, multi-dimensional, compressible flows can be studied in detail. In particular, there are flows of this type that exhibit imploding shocks and cavities. In such flows, the primary flow variables (density, velocity, pressure, and temperature) become unbounded at the time of collapse. In both cases, the solution can be propagated beyond collapse by having an expanding shock wave reflect off the center of motion. These types of flows are of relevance in bomb-making and inertial confinement fusion and also as benchmarks for computational codes; they have been investigated extensively in the applied literature. However, despite their obvious theoretical interest as examples of unbounded solutions to the multi-dimensional Euler system, the existing literature does not address to what extent such solutions are bona fide weak solutions. In this work, we review the construction of globally defined radial similarity shock and cavity flows and give a detailed description of their behavior following collapse. We then prove that similarity shock solutions provide genuine weak solutions, of unbounded amplitude, to the multi-dimensional Euler system. However, both types of similarity flows involve regions of vanishing pressure prior to collapse (due to vanishing temperature and vacuum, respectively)—raising the possibility that Euler flows may remain bounded in the absence of such regions.
Measurement of the apex temperature of a nanoscale semiconducting field emitter illuminated by a femtosecond pulsed laser
Authors: Kumar A. , Bogdanowicz J. , Demeulemeester J. , Bran J. , Melkonyan D. , Fleischmann C. , Vandervorst W.
Published: December 2018

Evaluating the thermal processes occurring inside an illuminated nanoscale semiconducting tip is of utmost importance for the physical understanding of laser assisted atom probe tomography (L-APT). In this paper, we present a methodology to evaluate the temperature at the apex of the tip using L-APT. The method is based on the known exponential dependence of the probability for field evaporation on the temperature and the electric field at the apex. We use this method to gain insights into the effect of tip shape, doping, and laser power on the peak temperature reached at the apex of an illuminated Si tip.
Avoiding the impact of the heater-induced longitudinal field on atomic magnetometers
Authors: Jiang Qiyuan , Luo Hui , Zhan Xiang , Zhang Yi , Yang Kaiyong , Wang Zhiguo
Published: December 2018

We study the impact of the heater-induced longitudinal field on the vector rubidium atomic magnetometers detecting low-frequency transverse magnetic field, which enlightens the parameter optimization of the applied heaters. Our results, both theoretical simulation and experimental measurement included, indicate that by carefully adjusting the frequency and amplitude, the impact of the heater-induced longitudinal field can be efficiently eliminated; meanwhile, the signal amplitude can be potentially enhanced. The numerical simulation agrees well with the experimental measurement in various cases, demonstrating that our proposed model is well suitable for predicting the actual performance of atomic magnetometers by taking the heater-induced longitudinal field into account.
InAs-oxide interface composition and stability upon thermal oxidation and high-k atomic layer deposition
Authors: Troian Andrea , Knutsson Johan V. , McKibbin Sarah R. , Yngman Sofie , Babadi Aein S. , Wernersson Lars-Erik , Mikkelsen Anders , Timm Rainer
Published: December 2018

Defects at the interface between InAs and a native or high permittivity oxide layer are one of the main challenges for realizing III-V semiconductor based metal oxide semiconductor structures with superior device performance. Here we passivate the InAs(100) substrate by removing the native oxide via annealing in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) under a flux of atomic hydrogen and growing a stoichiometry controlled oxide (thermal oxide) in UHV, prior to atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an Al2O3 high-k layer. The semiconductor-oxide interfacial stoichiometry and surface morphology are investigated by synchrotron based X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low energy electron diffraction. After thermal oxide growth, we find a thin non-crystalline layer with a flat surface structure. Importantly, the InAs-oxide interface shows a significantly decreased amount of In3+, As5+, and As0 components, which can be correlated to electrically detrimental defects. Capacitance-voltage measurements confirm a decrease of the interface trap density in gate stacks including the thermal oxide as compared to reference samples. This makes the concept of a thermal oxide layer prior to ALD promising for improving device performance if this thermal oxide layer can be stabilized upon exposure to ambient air.
Experimental and simulation study of pulsed micro-hollow cathode discharge in atmospheric-pressure helium
Authors: Wei Haicheng , Wang Ning , Duan Zhengchao , He Feng
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we present an experimental and numerical study on micro-hollow cathode discharge (MHCD) in helium at atmospheric pressure. The discharge in the micro-hollow cathode is driven by a −700 V pulsed power supply with the μs width and kHz frequency. The electrical characteristics were obtained by the experimental measurement and a self-consistent fluid model. The waveforms of the voltage and discharge current obtained by simulation are highly consistent with those obtained by experiments. The electrical characteristics, the spectra, and the distribution of the discharge plasma indicate that an abnormal glow discharge was formed in the MHCD. The spatial-temporal evolutions of the discharge show that the maximum plasma density can attain about 1015 cm−3. The averaged plasma density is over 1014 cm−3 during the discharge, and the plasma can be maintained for a long time during the afterglow period. The discharge current density can reach 30 A cm−2. All results show that a strong ionization and excitation can be generated by pulsed micro-hollow cathode discharge which is suitable for chemical analysis.
Substituent effects on H3+ formation via H2 roaming mechanisms from organic molecules under strong-field photodissociation
Authors: Ekanayake Nagitha , Nairat Muath , Weingartz Nicholas P. , Michie Matthew J. , Levine Benjamin G. , Dantus Marcos
Published: December 2018

Roaming chemical reactions are often associated with neutral molecules. The recent findings of roaming processes in ionic species, in particular, ones that lead to the formation of H3+ under strong-field laser excitation, are of considerable interest. Given that such gas-phase reactions are initiated by double ionization and subsequently facilitated through deprotonation, we investigate the strong-field photodissociation of ethanethiol, also known as ethyl mercaptan, and compare it to results from ethanol. Contrary to expectations, the H3+ yield was found to be an order of magnitude lower for ethanethiol at certain laser field intensities, despite its lower ionization energy and higher acidity compared to ethanol. In-depth analysis of the femtosecond time-resolved experimental findings, supported by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations, provides key information regarding the roaming mechanisms related to H3+ formation. Results of this study on the dynamics of dissociative half-collisions involving H3+, a vital cation which acts as a Brønsted–Lowry acid protonating interstellar organic compounds, may also provide valuable information regarding the formation mechanisms and observed natural abundances of complex organic molecules in interstellar media and planetary atmospheres.
Polymer segregation in cylindrical confinement revisited: A three-dimensional free energy landscape
Authors: Du Yunfei , Jiang Huijun , Hou Zhonghuai
Published: December 2018

We study the dynamic separation process of two identical polymers confined in a cylinder, allowing both ends of the polymer chains to be free, based on a three dimensional (3D) free energy landscape combined with direct molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The landscape suggests that the probability distribution curves of induction time (segregation time) reduced by corresponding average values would collapse into a single one under the so-called blob constraint, i.e., κ ≡ ND−1/ν is a constant, where N is the number of monomers in a chain, D is the channel diameter, and ν ≃ 3/5. Such a collapse behavior is well demonstrated by direct MD simulations and further by Brownian dynamics simulations of an effective particle on the 3D landscape. Interestingly, Brownian dynamics shows that the average induction time t¯in or segregation time t¯se decreases monotonically with κ in a power-law dependence if the diffusion coefficient D is fixed, suggesting a distinct mechanism of the induction process which is neither diffusion nor barrier-crossing, in accordance with trajectory analysis by using MD simulations. In addition, we find that both t¯in and t¯se show good power-law dependencies on the polymer length N under the blob constraint.
Scattering problems and boundary conditions for 2D electron gas and graphene
Authors: Kadigrobov A. M.
Published: December 2018

Structure and coordinate dependence of the reflected wave, as well as boundary conditions for quasi-particles of graphene and the two dimensional electron gas in sheets with abrupt lattice edges are obtained and analyzed by the Green's function technique. In particular, the reflection wave function contains terms inversely proportional to the distance to the graphene lattice edge. The Dirac equation and the momentum dependence of the wave functions of the quasi-particles near the conical points are also found by the perturbation theory with degeneracy in terms of the Bloch functions taken at the degeneracy points. The developed approach allows to formulate the validity criteria for the Dirac equation in a rather simple way.
Properties of the ground state of electronic excitations in carbon-like nanocones
Authors: Sitenko Yurii A. , Gorkavenko Volodymyr M.
Published: December 2018

On the basis of the continuum model for long-wavelength charge carriers, originating in the tight-binding approximation for the nearest-neighbour interaction of atoms in the crystalline lattice, we consider quantum ground-state effects of electronic excitations in Dirac materials with two-dimensional monolayer honeycomb structures warped into nanocones by a disclination; the nonzero size of the disclination is taken into account, and a boundary condition at the edge of the disclination is chosen to ensure self-adjointness of the Dirac–Weyl Hamiltonian operator. We show that the quantum ground-state effects are independent of the disclination size and find circumstances when they are independent of a parameter of the boundary condition. The magnetic flux circulating in the angular direction around the nanocone apex and the pseudomagnetic flux directed orthogonally to the nanocone surface are shown to be induced in the ground state.
Nonlocal optical response of a layered high-temperature superconductor slab
Authors: Cortés-López S. , Pérez-Rodríguez F.
Published: December 2018

We theoretically study the effect of the spatial dispersion on the optical response of a layered high-temperature superconductor slab. The nonlocality of the inherently-anisotropic layered superconductor comes from the wave vector dependence of its average permittivity tensor, and leads to the generation of additional electromagnetic modes just above the characteristic Josephson plasma frequency, that is in the terahertz range. We calculate p-polarization optical spectra for a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) superconductor slab, which show very narrow resonances associated with the quantization of the wave vectors of both long-wavelength electromagnetic modes, having negative dispersion, and short-wavelength additional (nonlocal) modes of positive dispersion. The dependence of the frequency position and shape of the resonances on the nonlocality parameter, the slab thickness, and the components of the quasiparticle conductivity is analyzed. We have found that the quantized long-wavelength modes of negative dispersion, which can only be observed at relatively-large slab thicknesses, give rise to prominent resonances in the p-polarization reflectivity spectrum. On the other hand, the resonances associated with quantized additional short-wavelength electromagnetic modes are weak, but they can be clearly observed when the superconductor slab thickness is smaller than the smallest magnetic-field penetration depth.
Superdiffusive transport in one-dimensional disordered Dirac model
Authors: Slavin V. , Savin Y.
Published: December 2018

We have considered discrete one-dimensional Dirac equation in the framework of quantum dimer model with a Bernoulli distribution. It has been shown, that superdiffusive transport regime is realized at several combinations of particle mass and amplitude of potential. For the case of non-zero mass it has been shown, that the only one point exists, where Lyapunov exponent is equal to zero. In the framework of dimer model with “random masses” it has been established, that localization is absent.
Friedel oscillations in 2D electron gas from spin-orbit interaction in a parallel magnetic field
Authors: Kozlov I. V. , Kolesnichenko Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

Effects associated with the interference of electron waves around a magnetic point defect in two-dimensional electron gas with combined Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction in the presence of a parallel magnetic field are theoretically investigated. The effect of a magnetic field on the anisotropic spatial distribution of the local density of states and the local density of magnetization is analyzed. The existence of oscillations of the density of magnetization with scattering by a non-magnetic defect and the contribution of magnetic scattering (accompanied by spin-flip) in the local density of electron states are predicted.
Gauge principle and spontaneous symmetry breaking
Authors: Klepikov V. F.
Published: December 2018

Spatially modulated states of order-parameter fields as gauge (compensating) fields are considered. It is shown that an inhomogeneous vacuum occurs in infinite physical systems only as a result of introducing higher-order derivatives (for scalar fields) into Lagrangians. Possible phase transitions in systems with higher-order derivatives are also investigated. The discrete variants of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in classical field theories with higher-order derivatives are discussed.
The effect of the magnetic field on the stability and excitation spectrum of spin nanoclusters in anisotropic ferromagnetic chains
Authors: Bogdan M. M. , Belan V. I. , Charkina O. V.
Published: December 2018

The spectral problem of the internal mode oscillations of a spin nanocluster in an anisotropic ferromagnetic chain placed a magnetic field has been solved exactly using the discrete Takeno-Homma model. A stability diagram on the plane of exchange and magnetic field parameters is constructed for spin clusters having arbitrary dimensions. Explicit expressions for the nanocluster internal mode oscillations are found, and their frequency dependences on the exchange and magnetic field parameters are calculated.
Magnetocapacitance, magnetoelasticity, and magnetopiezoelectric effect in HoFe3(BO3)4
Authors: Kolodyazhnaya L. S. , Zvyagina G. A. , Bilych I. V. , Zhekov K. P. , Burma N. G. , Fil' V. D. , Gudim I. A.
Published: December 2018

The main components of the tensor of the moduli of elasticity and the piezomodulus have been measured in monocrystals of the ferroborate HoFe3(BO3)4. The spin-dependent contributions to sound velocity, dielectric permeability, and piezoelectric response in the antiferromagnetic state were studied. The parameters of magnetoelectric and magnetoelastic interactions in an easy-plane magnetic-ordering phase have been defined. A phenomenological interpretation of observed effects is given.
Computer simulation of the critical behavior of highly diluted low-dimensional antiferromagnetic systems on a triangular lattice
Authors: Babaev A. B. , Murtazaev A. K.
Published: December 2018

A computer simulation of the critical behavior of a two-dimensional highly diluted 3-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on a triangular lattice is performed. The calculations are done for systems with periodic boundary conditions at spin concentrations p equal to 0.70 and 0.65. Systems with linear dimensions L×L = N, L = 20–144 are considered. Based on the theory of finite-dimensional scaling, the static critical exponents of heat capacity α, susceptibility γ, order parameter β, and critical index ν for the correlation radius are calculated. It is numerically shown that the calculated critical exponents vary with changes in the spin concentration p, while the ratios β/ν and γ/ν remain unchanged within error, showing a weak universality of the critical behavior of disordered systems.
The promise of Janus nanostructures for solar photocatalysis
Authors: Bardi Jason Socrates
Published: December 2018

A new review covers the current challenges, future prospects and key highlights of Janus nanostructures for heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Renaming Me: Assessing the Influence of Gender Identity on Name Selection
Authors: Obasi Sharon N. , Mocarski Richard , Holt Natalie , Hope Debra A. , Woodruff Nathan
Published: December 2018

Our identity is our name connected with a specific face and body. Yet, our name, a critical aspect of the “names-body-identity” nexus is rarely self-selected. The naming of a newborn is often the purview of family and the name selected is often linked to the sex assigned to the child. Assigned sex, however, may differ from gender identity. Renaming, the process of selecting and using a new name, can be instrumental in expressing an authentic gender identity. Thus, gender identity and renaming were examined among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults using an online survey. Participants indicated that the recognition of their gender identity often involved the renaming of self or the use of a new name reflective of that gender identity. Several factors influenced name selection including input from familial sources. This exploratory study offers insight into the connection between gender and naming strategies in an adult TGNC population.
Methods for process-related resin selection and optimisation in high-pressure resin transfer moulding
Authors: Rutt Mathew , Lekakou C. , Smith P. A. , Sordon A. , Santoni C. , Meeks G. , Hamerton I.
Published: December 2018

A framework for process-related resin selection and optimisation is proposed in the context of research and development for industrial applications of high-pressure resin transfer moulding. The first stage involves validation of the reaction kinetics model by differential scanning calorimetry and characterisation of viscosity, storage- and viscous-shear moduli by dynamic mechanical analysis in a rheometer as a function of time. It also includes capillary pressure measurements of curing resin impregnating a fibre yarn. Process-related resin selection criteria are based on the optimisation of cycle time, including filling time against gel time, micro-infiltration time and demould time. The proposed framework and associated test and analysis methodologies are applied to three epoxy resin systems in connection with carbon fibre reinforcement.
A structural supercapacitor based on activated carbon fabric and a solid electrolyte
Authors: Reece Richard , Lekakou C. , Smith P.A.
Published: December 2018

This paper presents investigations to create a structural supercapacitor with activated carbon fabric electrodes and a solid composite electrolyte, consisting of organic liquid electrolyte 1 M TEABF4 in propylene carbonate and an epoxy matrix where different compositions were considered of 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 w/w epoxy:liquid electrolyte. Vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding was used for the impregnation of the electrolyte mixture into the electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) assembly. The best electrochemical performance was exhibited by the 1:2 w/w epoxy: liquid electrolyte ratio, with a cell equivalent-in-series resistance of 160 Ω cm2 and a maximum electrode-specific capacitance of 101.6 mF g−1 while the flexural modulus and strength were 0.3 GPa and 29.1 MPa, respectively, indicating a solid EDLC device.
Nano-mechanical properties of TaNbHfZr metallic glass films
Authors: Song Baorui , Li Yanhuai , Wang Kehua , Cong Zhonghao , Gao Bo , Song Zhongxiao , Chen Jian
Published: December 2018

TaNbHfZr metallic glass films with thicknesses from 50 to 1000 nm were deposited on Si (100) wafers by magnetron sputtering. The surface topography and microstructure were confirmed by AFM, XRD and TEM. Nanoindentation was carried out to explore the effects of film thickness on the hardness and the deformation mechanisms. TaNbHfZr films thicker than 50 nm can effectively decrease the stress level on the Si substrate and suppress the indentation-introduced phase transition. Pile-ups took place for the thinner films (50 and 100 nm) due to the inactive thickness-dependent diffusion process, while sink-in for thicker films occur because of the high diffusion coefficient. Correction of H considering pile-ups and substrate effects was conducted to obtain the intrinsic surface hardness of ∼8 GPa. However, the corrected H for thin films with pile-up morphology are much lower as the localised plastic flow was strongly affected by the harder Si substrates and the retarded diffusion abilities of atoms.
Taking into Account Local Conditions in the Development of Climate Standards in Construction
Authors: Volkova N.
Published: December 2018

Accuracy of climate assessment is one of the most difficult and at the same time the most urgent tasks of the world science. On the basis of interaction of a large number of various meteorological factors the normative indicators used at design, construction and operation of objects, the choice of constructive decisions of products and characteristics of materials are developed. Energy saving and safety are realized through provision of climatic parameters, qualitative technology of products and correct operation of construction objects.

The specificity of the orographic features of the construction site of JSC “Sayanskhimplast” has led to the development of climate regulations, taking into account the local conditions of the territory. In work were used materials of the Irkutsk Department of meteorological service, data of special surveys conducted by Zapsibnigni and materials thermoanemometer the site area. During the research the observational data of the average daily temperature of the atmospheric air of the construction site “Sayanskhimplast” were taken into account. Methods of calculation of meteorological parameters, developed in the Institute of building physics RAASN, it was also a comparison of the extremes of winter temperatures and representative cities, which has allowed the development of climate regulations for the city of Sayansk.
The Abresch–Rosenberg shape operator and applications
Authors: Espinar José , Trejos Haimer
Published: December 2018

There exists a holomorphic quadratic differential defined on any

H
H

-surface immersed in the homogeneous space

E

(
κ
,
τ
)

{\mathbb {E}(\kappa , \tau )}

given by U. Abresch and H. Rosenberg, called the Abresch–Rosenberg differential. However, there was no Codazzi pair on such an

H
H

-surface associated with the Abresch–Rosenberg differential when

τ
≠
0

\tau \neq 0

. The goal of this paper is to find a geometric Codazzi pair defined on any

H
H

-surface in

E

(
κ
,
τ
)

{\mathbb {E}(\kappa , \tau )}

, when

τ
≠
0

\tau \neq 0

, whose

(
2
,
0
)

(2,0)

-part is the Abresch–Rosenberg differential. We denote such a pair as

(
I
,
I

I

AR

)

(I,II_\textrm {AR})

, were

I
I

is the usual first fundamental form of the surface and

I

I

AR

II_\textrm {AR}

is the Abresch–Rosenberg second fundamental form.

In particular, this allows us to compute a Simons’ type equation for

H
H

-surfaces in

E

(
κ
,
τ
)

{\mathbb {E}(\kappa , \tau )}

. We apply such Simons’ type equation, first, to study the behavior of complete

H
H

-surfaces

Σ
\Sigma

of finite Abresch–Rosenberg total curvature immersed in

E

(
κ
,
τ
)

{\mathbb {E}(\kappa , \tau )}

. Second, we estimate the first eigenvalue of any Schrödinger operator

L
=
Δ
+
V

L= \Delta + V

,

V
V

continuous, defined on such surfaces. Finally, together with the Omori–Yau maximum principle, we classify complete

H
H

-surfaces in

E

(
κ
,
τ
)

{\mathbb {E}(\kappa , \tau )}

,

τ
≠
0

\tau \neq 0

, satisfying a lower bound on

H
H

depending on

κ
\kappa

,

τ
\tau

, and an upper bound on the norm of the traceless

I

I

AR

II_\textrm {AR}

, a gap theorem.
Duration of Fame and Extent of Semantic Knowledge of Famous Names in Cognitively Intact Older Adults
Authors: Kalscheur Emily J , Kandah Cassandra C , Woodard John L , Song Woojin , Seidenberg Michael
Published: December 2018

Objective

The greater resilience of older memories relative to recent memories has primarily been demonstrated in clinical groups, but this phenomenon has been less extensively examined in cognitively intact older adults. Additionally, most studies of person-identity have only examined recognition or familiarity of a famous face or name, and there has been less systematic study of access to more specific person-identity semantic knowledge. The current study examined the effect of both memory age and extent of semantic knowledge on famous name recognition and retrieval of person-identity biographical information in healthy older adults.

Method

We examined recognition accuracy and response time of famous names at three time epochs (recent fame, transitory fame and enduring fame) in cognitively intact older adults. We also compared access to semantic knowledge that differed on the degree of specificity of biographical information: categorical, associative, and attribute knowledge.

Results

As predicted, participants recognized transitory famous names more quickly and accurately than recent famous names. Additionally, participants recognized enduring famous names more accurately than transitory famous names and recent names. We also found that categorical semantic knowledge was accessed more quickly and accurately than semantic knowledge for associative and attribute information.

Conclusions

These findings provide data on the cognitive structure and retrieval of person-identity knowledge and memory age in older cognitively intact individuals.
Sequence Variation Associated with SLC12A5 Gene Expression Is Linked to Brain Structure and Function in Healthy Adults
Authors: Gregory Michael D , Kippenhan J Shane , Callicott Joseph H , Rubinstein Daniel Y , Mattay Venkata S , Coppola Richard , Berman Karen F
Published: December 2018

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) gene, rs3918242, has been shown to affect MMP9 expression in macrophages and was associated with schizophrenia by two independent groups. However, rs3918242's effects on MMP9 expression were not replicable in cell lines or brain tissue. Additionally, publically available data indicate that rs3918242 genotype is related not to MMP9 expression, but rather to expression of SLC12A5, a nearby gene coding for a K+/Cl- cotransporter, whose expression has also been related to schizophrenia. Here, we studied brain structure and function in healthy participants stratified by rs3918242 genotype using structural MRI (N = 298), functional MRI during an N-back working memory task (N = 554), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the same task (N = 190). We found rs3918242 was associated with gray matter volume (GMV) in the insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally, closely replicated in discovery and replication samples; and with inferior parietal lobule (IPL) GMV when the samples were meta-analytically combined. Additionally, using both fMRI and MEG, rs3918242 was associated with right IPL working memory-related activation, replicated in two cohorts and across imaging modalities. These convergent results provide further impetus for examinations of the relationship of SLC12A5 with brain structure and function in neuropsychiatric disease.