bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting the time variability of world-wide GPS and GOME/SCIAMACHY integrated water vapour retrievals, using reanalyses as auxiliary tools
Authors: Van Malderen Roeland , Pottiaux Eric , Stankunavicius Gintautas , Beirle Steffen , Wagner Thomas , Brenot Hugues , Bruyninx Carine
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This study investigates different aspects of the Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) variability at 118 globally distributed Global Positioning System (GPS) sites, using additionally UV/VIS satellite retrievals by GOME, SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 (denoted as GOMESCIA below), and ERA-Interim reanalysis output at these site locations. Apart from some spatial representativeness issues at especially coastal and island sites, those three datasets correlate rather well, the lowest correlation found between GPS and GOMESCIA (0.865 on average). In this paper, we first study the geographical distribution of the frequency distributions of the IWV time series, and subsequently analyse the seasonal IWV cycle and linear trend differences among the three different datasets. Finally, both the seasonal behaviour and the long-term variability are fitted together by means of a stepwise multiple linear regression of the station’s time series, with a selection of regionally dependent candidate explanatory variables. Overall, the variables that are most frequently used and explain the largest fractions of the IWV variability are the surface temperature and precipitation. Also the surface pressure and tropopause pressure (in particular for higher latitude sites) are important contributors to the IWV time variability. All these variables also seem to account for the sign of long-term trend in the IWV time series to a large extent, when considered as explanatory variable. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression linked the IWV variability at some particular regions to teleconnection patterns or climate/oceanic indices like the North Oscillation index for West USA, the El Niňo Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for East Asia, the East Atlantic (associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) index for Europe.
Measuring Light Absorption by Organic Aerosols: Correction Factors for Solvent Extraction-Based Photometry Techniques
Authors: Shetty Nishit , Pandey Apoorva , Baker Stephen , Hao Wei Min , Chakrabarty Rajan K.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that organic aerosol (OA) could have a non-trivial role in atmospheric light absorption at shorter visible wavelengths. Good estimates of OA absorption are therefore necessary to accurately calculate radiative forcing due to these aerosols in climate models. One of the common techniques used to measure OA light absorption is the solvent extraction technique from filter samples which involves the use of a spectrophotometer to measure bulk absorbance of the solvent-soluble organic fraction of particulate matter. Measured bulk absorbance is subsequently converted to particle-phase absorption coefficient using correction factors. The appropriate correction factors to use for performing this conversion under varying scenarios of organic carbon (OC) to total carbon (TC) mass ratios has been an unexplored area of research. The conventional view is to apply a correction factor of 2 for water-extracted OA based on Mie calculations. Here, we performed a comprehensive laboratory study involving three solvents (water, methanol, and acetone) to investigate the corrections factors for converting from bulk-to-particle phase absorption coefficients (babs,OA/babs,bulk) for primary OA emitted from biomass burning. We parametrized these correction factors as a function of OC / TC mass ratio and single scattering albedo (SSA). We observed these correction factors to be a function of the OC / TC ratio of the aerosol, and that the conventionally used correction factor of 2 for water-extracted OA could severely underpredict OA absorption at high EC mass fractions. We recommend using babs,OA/babs,bulk values between 2 and 11 for water extracts and values between 1 and 4 for methanol extracts based on OC / TC ratios, for EC mass fractions less than 0.25. Furthermore, a linear correlation between SSA and OC / TC ratio was also established. Finally, from the spectroscopic data, we analyzed the differences in Absorption Ångström Exponents (AÅE) obtained from bulk- and particulate-phase measurements. We noted that AÅE from bulk measurements deviate significantly from their OA counterparts.
The impact of MISR-derived injection height initialization on wildfire and volcanic plume dispersion in the HYSPLIT model
Authors: Vernon Charles J. , Bolt Ryan , Canty Timothy , Kahn Ralph A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The dispersion of particles from wildfires, volcanic eruptions, dust storms,
and other aerosol sources can affect many environmental factors downwind,
including air quality. Aerosol injection height is one source attribute that
mediates downwind dispersion, as wind speed and direction can vary
dramatically with elevation. Using plume heights derived from space-based,
multi-angle imaging, we examine the impact of initializing plumes in the NOAA
Air Resources Laboratory's Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated
Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model with satellite-measured vs. nominal
(model-calculated or VAAC-reported) injection height on the simulated
dispersion of six large aerosol plumes. When there are significant
differences in nominal vs. satellite-derived particle injection heights,
especially if both heights are in the free troposphere or if one injection
height is within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the other is above
the PBL, differences in simulation results can arise. In the cases studied
with significant nominal vs. satellite-derived injection height differences,
the HYSPLIT model can represent plume evolution better, relative to
independent satellite observations, if the injection height in the model is
constrained by hyper-stereo satellite retrievals.
Characterization and Evaluation of AIRS-Based Estimates of the Deuterium Content of Water Vapor
Authors: Worden John R. , Kulawik Susan S. , Fu Dejian , Payne Vivienne H. , Lipton Alan E. , Polonsky Igor , He Yuguang , Cady-Pereira Karen , Moncet Jean-Luc , Herman Robert L. , Irion Frederick W. , Bowman Kevin W.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Single pixel, tropospheric retrievals of HDO and H2O concentrations are retrieved from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiances using the optimal estimation algorithm developed for the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) project. These retrievals are evaluated against co-located TES observations taken between 2006 through 2010. We evaluate the error characteristics and vertical sensitivity of AIRS measurements corresponding to five days of TES data (or 5 global surveys) during the N. Hemisphere summers between 2006 and 2010 (~ 600 co-located comparisons per day). We find that the retrieval characteristics of the AIRS deuterium content measurements have similar vertical resolution and uncertainty in the middle-troposphere as TES but with slightly less sensitivity in the lower-most troposphere, with a typical degrees-of-freedom (DOFS) in the tropics of 1.5. The difference in sensitivity to the lower-most troposphere is mostly likely due to the reduced spectral resolution as previous studies found that spectral resolution was the primary factor, relative to signal-to-noise, affecting the vertical resolution of nadir sounding retrievals (Worden et al., 2004). The calculated measurement uncertainty is ~ 30 per mil (parts per thousand relative to the deuterium composition of ocean water) for a tropospheric average between 750 and 350 hPa, the altitude region where AIRS is most sensitive. Comparison with the TES data suggest that the calculated and actual uncertainty of a single target AIRS HDO/H2O measurement ~ 30 per mil. Comparison of AIRS and TES data between 30 S and 50 N suggest that the AIRS data is biased low by ~ −2.6 per mil with a latitudinal variation of ~ 7.8 per mil. This latitudinal variation is consistent with the accuracy of TES data as compared to in situ measurements, suggesting that both AIRS and TES have similar accuracy.
Liquid marine cloud geometric thickness retrieved from OCO-2's oxygen A-band spectrometer
Authors: Richardson Mark , Leinonen Jussi , Cronk Heather Q. , McDuffie James , Lebsock Matthew D. , Stephens Graeme L.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This paper introduces the OCO2CLD-LIDAR-AUX product, which uses the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) hyperspectral A-band spectrometer. CALIPSO provides a prior cloud top pressure (Ptop) for an OCO-2 based retrieval of cloud optical depth, Ptop and cloud geometric thickness expressed in hPa. Measurements are of single-layer liquid clouds over oceans from September 2014 to December 2016 when collocated data are available. Retrieval performance is best for solar zenith angle
Silicon isotopes of deep sea sponges: new insights into biomineralisation and skeletal structure
Authors: Cassarino Lucie , Coath Christopher D. , Xavier Joana R. , Hendry Katharine R.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The silicon isotopic composition (δ30Si) of
deep sea sponges' skeletal element – spicules – reflects the silicic acid
(DSi) concentration of their surrounding water and can be used as natural
archives of bottom water nutrients. In order to reconstruct the past silica
cycle robustly, it is essential to better constrain the mechanisms of
biosilicification, which are not yet well understood. Here, we show that the
apparent isotopic fractionation (δ30Si) during spicule
formation in deep sea sponges from the equatorial Atlantic ranges from
−6.74 ‰ to −1.50 ‰ in relatively low DSi concentrations
(15 to 35 µM). The wide range in isotopic composition highlights
the potential difference in silicification mechanism between the two major
classes, Demospongiae and Hexactinellida. We find the anomalies in the
isotopic fractionation correlate with skeletal morphology, whereby fused
framework structures, characterised by secondary silicification, exhibit
extremely light δ30Si signatures compared with previous
studies. Our results provide insight into the processes involved during
silica deposition and indicate that reliable reconstructions of past DSi can
only be obtained using silicon isotope ratios derived from sponges with
certain spicule types.
Sensitivity of a leaf gas-exchange model for estimating paleoatmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Royer Dana L. , Moynihan Kylen M. , McKee Melissa L. , Londoño Liliana , Franks Peter J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Leaf gas-exchange models show considerable promise as paleo-CO2 proxies. They are largely mechanistic in nature, provide well-constrained estimates even when CO2 is high, and can be applied to most subaerial, stomata-bearing leaves from C3 taxa, regardless of age or taxonomy. Here we place additional observational and theoretical constraints on one of these models, the Franks model. In order to gauge the model's general accuracy in a way that is appropriate for fossil studies, we estimated CO2 from 40 species of extant angiosperms, conifers, and ferns based only on measurements that can be made directly from fossils (leaf δ13C and stomatal density and size) and a limited sample size (1–3 leaves per species). The mean error rate is 28 %, which is similar to or better than the accuracy of other leading paleo-CO2 proxies. We find that leaf temperature and photorespiration do not strongly affect estimated CO2, although more work is warranted on the possible influence of O2 concentration on photorespiration. Leaves from the lowermost 1–2 m of closed-canopy forests should not be used because the local air δ13C value is lower than the global well-mixed value. Such leaves are not common in the fossil record, but can be identified by morphological and isotopic means.
Dating and morphostratigraphy of uplifted marine terraces in the Makran subduction zone (Iran)
Authors: Normand Raphaël , Simpson Guy , Herman Frédéric , Biswas Rabiul Haque , Bahroudi Abbas , Schneider Bastian
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The western part of the Makran subduction zone (Iran) has not experienced a great megathrust earthquake in recent human history, yet, the presence of emerged marine terraces along the coast indicates that the margin has been tectonically active during at least the late Quaternary. To better understand the surface deformation of this region, we mapped the terraces sequences of seven localities along the Iranian Makran. Additionnaly, we performed radiocarbon, 230Th/U and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the layers of marine sediments deposited on top of the terraces. This enabled us to correlate the terraces regionally and to assign them to different Quaternary sea level highstands. Our results show east-west variations in surface uplift rates mostly between 0.05 and 1.2 mm y−1. We detected a region of anomalously high uplift rate, where two MIS 3 terraces are emerged, yet we are uncertain how to insert these results in a geologically coherent context. Although it is presently not clear whether the uplift of the terraces is linked with the occurrence of large megathrust earthquakes, our results highlight heterogeneous accumulation of deformation in the overriding plate.
Improvements to stratospheric chemistry scheme in the UM-UKCA (v10.7) model: solar cycle and heterogeneous reactions
Authors: Dennison Fraser , Keeble James , Morgenstern Olaf , Zeng Guang , Abraham N. Luke , Yang Xin
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Improvements are made to two areas of the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) module, which forms part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) used for weather and climate applications. Firstly, a solar cycle is added to the photolysis scheme. The effect on total column ozone of this addition was found to be around 1–2 % in mid-latitude and equatorial regions in phase with the solar cycle. Secondly, reactions occurring on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds and sulfate aerosol are updated and extended by modification of the uptake coefficients of five existing reactions and the addition of a further eight reactions involving bromine species. These modifications are shown to reduce the overabundance of modeled total-column ozone in the Arctic during October to February, southern mid-latitudes during August, and the Antarctic during September. Antarctic springtime ozone depletion is shown to be enhanced by 25 DU on average, which now causes the ozone hole to be somewhat too deep compared to observations. We show that this is in part due to a cold bias of the Antarctic polar vortex in the model.
Ecohydrological effectiveness of litter crusts in sandy ecosystem
Authors: Liu Yu , Cui Zeng , Huang Ze , Miao Hai-Tao , Wu Gao-Lin
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Litter crusts are integral components of the water budget in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arid areas. This innovative study is to quantify the ecohydrological effectiveness of litter crusts in desert ecosystems. We focus on the positive effects of litter crusts on soil water holding capacity and water interception capacity compared with biocrusts. Litter crusts significantly increased soil organic matter, which was 2.4 times the content in biocrusts and 3.84 times the content in bare sandy lands. Higher organic matter content resulted in increased soil porosity and decreased soil bulk density. Meanwhile, soil organic matter can help to maintain maximum infiltration rates. Litter crusts significantly increased the water infiltration rate under high water supply. Our results suggested that litter crusts significantly improve soil properties, thereby influencing hydrological processes. Litter crusts play an important role in improving hydrological effectiveness and provide a microhabitat conducive to vegetation restoration in dry sandy ecosystem.
Active faults sources for the Pátzcuaro–Acambay fault system (Mexico): fractal analysis of slip rates and magnitudes Mw estimated from fault length
Authors: Mendoza-Ponce Avith , Figueroa-Soto Angel , Soria-Caballero Diana , Garduño-Monroy Víctor Hugo
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Pátzcuaro–Acambay fault system (PAFS), located in the
central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), is delimited by an
active transtensive deformation area associated with the oblique subduction
zone between the Cocos and North American plates, with a convergence speed of
55 mm yr−1 at the latitude of the state
of Michoacán, Mexico. Part of the oblique convergence is transferred to
this fault system, where the slip rates range from 0.009 to 2.78 mm yr−1.
This has caused historic earthquakes in Central Mexico,
such as the Acambay quake (Ms=6.9) on 19 November 1912 with surface
rupture, and another in Maravatío in 1979 with Ms=5.6. Also,
paleoseismic analyses are showing Quaternary movements in some faults, with
moderate to large magnitudes. Notably, this zone is seismically active, but
lacks a dense local seismic network, and more importantly, its neotectonic
movements have received very little attention. The present research
encompasses three investigations carried out in the PAFS. First, the
estimation of the maximum possible earthquake magnitudes, based on 316 fault
lengths mapped on a 15 m digital elevation model, by means of three
empirical relationships. In addition, the Hurst exponent Hw and its
persistence, estimated for magnitudes Mw (spatial domain) and for
32 slip-rate data (time domain) by the wavelet variance analysis.
Finally, the validity of the intrinsic definition of active fault proposed
here. The average results for the estimation of the maximum and minimum
magnitudes expected for this fault population are 5.5≤Mw≤7.
Also, supported by the results of H at the spatial domain, this
paper strongly suggests that the PAFS is classified in three different zones
(western PAFS, central PAFS, and eastern PAFS) in terms of their roughness
(Hw=0.7,Hw=0.5,Hw=0.8 respectively), showing different dynamics in
seismotectonic activity and; the time domain, with a strong
persistence Hw=0.949, suggests that the periodicities of slip rates are
close in time (process with memory). The fractal capacity dimension (Db)
is also estimated for the slip-rate series using the box-counting
method. Inverse correlation between Db and low slip-rate concentration
was observed. The resulting Db=1.86 is related to a lesser concentration
of low slip-rates in the PAFS, suggesting that larger faults accommodate the
strain more efficiently (length ≥3 km). Thus, in terms of
fractal analysis, we can conclude that these 316 faults are seismically
active, because they fulfill the intrinsic definition of active faults for
the PAFS.
To wish or not to wish: Modality and (metalinguistic) negation
Authors: Puskás Genoveva
Published: November 2018

This paper examines the interaction between negation and some expressions of bouletic modality. Whereas most other types of modals may scope below negation, expressions of bouletic modality in the form of hortative and optative markers never do. The distribution of high adverbials, as well as co-occurrence possibilities with a negative head, such as French ne, reveal that hortatives and optatives do not target the same position: they occupy two different heads within the left peripheral structure. However, it is argued that the syntax of the bouletic operator, which is analyzed as involving high left-peripheral positions, prevents the negative marker from syntactically and semantically scoping over it. This is shown to also correlate with access to metalinguistic negation interpretations. While with the adequate context, the bouletic operators examined here are compatible with metalinguistic negation, no wide scope interpretation above the bouletic modal content is accessible. This is exactly the contexts in which the negative head is syntactically banned. It is proposed that these observations constitute evidence for the fact that metalinguistic negation requires specific syntactic conditions, namely access to a high contrast-related position. Metalinguistic negation is obviously triggered by contextual input, but, at least in the cases examined here, is not blind to syntax.
Hans-Karl Wiegandt e a introdução da litografia na Província do Gram-Pará em 1870
Authors: De O. Martins Fernanda , O. da Cunha Lima Edna Lucia , Cunha Lima Guilherme
Published: November 2018

Este artigo se insere em pesquisa sobre a história da tipografia no Pará e apresenta o litógrafo Hans-Karl Wiegandt. Para tanto foram realizadas extensas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais em instituições no Rio de Janeiro e no Pará. A técnica de impressão litográfica que permite a impressão de texto e imagem concomitantemente foi importante para nosso país nos momentos conturbados que antecederam a República. No caso do Pará, Wiegandt foi não apenas o primeiro litógrafo local como difundiu a técnica a seus contemporâneos, sendo responsável pelo cenário de jornais ilustrados que circularam no período e a farta utilização das imagens impressas em jornais, revistas, rótulos, embalagens. Os impressos ilustrados colaboraram para a construção dos ideais da modernidade. Espera-se com este artigo colaborar para o entendimento da do design no Brasil, ao voltar-se especialmente em regiões pouco estudadas.
Desenho gráfico de cartazes como instrumento social de empoderamento feminino
Authors: Bernardi Cristal , Brod Júnior Marcos
Published: November 2018

Este artigo resulta de interação entre o Design Gráfico e o Empoderamento Feminino, interpretando a relação do desenho de Comunicação Visual com a mudança de comportamento, atitudes e valores humanos. Foi proposto que o Cartaz sirva como instrumento social, resultando em produto voltado ao coletivo, através de comunicação que promova a Igualdade de Gênero e favoreça a promoção da afirmação feminina. Como delimitação, pesquisou-se temas que relacionam as responsabilidades sociais do Desenhador e os projetos de Comunicação Visual do Movimento Feminista, evidenciando o Cartaz como mecanismo de mobilização das mulheres. Foi criado e aplicado um Questionário Virtual de Criação Coletiva, cujas respostas fundamentaram o desenho gráfico de duas coleções de cartazes sobre e para o tema, assim como a apreciação (validação) das soluções desenvolvidas. Acredita-se que o Cartaz foi mostrado como ferramenta voltada à transformação social ao promover a Igualdade de Gênero.
Mulherio: estudo de caso de publicação da imprensa feminista brasileira nos anos 1980
Authors: Klafke Raquel , Da Costa Braga Marcos
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo consiste em uma análise da publicação Mulherio, jornal feminista veiculado em São Paulo e vendido a outros estados do Brasil nos anos 1980. As edições estudadas serão os números #0 a #15, período em que o projeto recebera subsídios da Fundação Ford. O objetivo da análise é reconhecer elementos visuais característicos da publicação – estético-formais e técnico-formais –, tornando-se um registro histórico da imprensa feminista brasileira sob a perspectiva do design gráfico.
Análise comparativa dos aspectos gráficos e editoriais das revistas Chanaan e Vida Capichaba
Authors: Sousa Azerêdo Júlia , Pedruzzi Fonseca Letícia
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta o levantamento e a comparação dos aspectos gráficos e editoriais das revistas Chanaan (1936-1939) e Vida Capichaba (1923-1959). O estudo foi realizado com o recorte 1936 a 1939. As duas revistas representavam a sociedade capixaba durante sua circulação. Para obtenção dos resultados foi criada uma ficha de coleta de dados, que posteriormente foram tabulados e geraram gráficos que tornaram possíveis as análises. Foi descoberto que a Revista Vida Capichaba durante esse período era mais sóbria que a Chanaan, mantendo um padrão nos seus aspectos gráficos e não possuindo grandes experimentos nas páginas e posicionamentos de imagens e anúncios. Já a Chanaan variou consideravelmente sua mancha gráfica, sendo os experimentos uma das características mais marcantes da revista. Além do contraste gráfico entre elas, a diferença mais marcante foi o conteúdo publicado, já que a Chanaan possuía um apelo político muito alto, diferente da Vida Capichaba.
Moda e memória: a biografia de um vestido de noiva de 1984
Authors: Magro Juliane Salete , Bernardo de Macedo Káritha
Published: November 2018

No contexto de intensa transformação da moda na sociedade moderna, surpreende a permanência do ritual de casamento e do vestido de noiva branco. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar um vestido de noiva de 1984, investigando sua trajetória e seus aspectos físicos. Também foi estudada as principais facetas da moda da época e os sentimentos que permaneceram presentes no vestido após trinta e três anos.
Design para a transformação da sociedade: um olhar crítico para o discurso dos movimentos Do It Yourself, Open Design e Makers no contexto contemporâneo
Authors: Marques Pamela , Favaro Garrossini Daniela
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho analisa a tendência recente de emergência de movimentos de Design com discurso idealista, que, em resposta a insuficiências identificadas no modelo econômico atual, acreditam que a massificação do acesso a tecnologias de fabricação tem o potencial de democratizar a autonomia produtiva – e assim catalisar a emancipação social. Considera-se expoentes desta corrente, por sua popularidade, os movimentos Do It Yourself, Open Design e Makers. Para entender estes grupos e como se inserem na dinâmica do sistema global, examina-se, através de revisão bibliográfica, a afinidade de seu discurso com o capitalismo contemporâneo e sua ideologia legitimadora; e propõe-se uma reflexão sobre como suas narrativas e propostas interagem com as atuais relações de produção.
Microinstability of the Hip—Gaining Acceptance
Authors: Safran Marc R.
Published: November 2018

The hip has generally been considered an inherently stable joint. However, the femoral head moves relative to the acetabulum. Although the bones are primarily important in hip stability, the importance of the soft tissues has recently been demonstrated. Symptomatic microinstability of the hip is defined as extraphysiologic hip motion that causes pain with or without symptoms of hip joint unsteadiness and may be the result of bony deficiency and/or soft-tissue damage or loss. Recent work has helped improve the ability to identify microinstability patients preoperatively. Initial management begins with activity modification and strengthening of the periarticular musculature. Failing nonsurgical management, surgical intervention can be beneficial, focusing on treatment of the underlying cause of microinstability, as well as associated intra-articular pathology. Bony deficiency may be treated with a redirectional osteotomy, whereas those with adequate bony coverage may be treated with capsular plication, capsular reconstruction, and/or labral reconstruction.
Etiology, Evaluation, and Management Options for the Stiff Digit
Authors: Catalano Louis W. , Barron O. Alton , Glickel Steven Z. , Minhas Shobhit V.
Published: November 2018

The stiff digit may be a consequence of trauma or surgery to the hand and fingers and can markedly affect a patient's level of function and quality of life. Stiffness and contractures may be caused by one or a combination of factors including joint, intrinsic, extensor, and flexor tendon pathology, and the patient's individual biology. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, function, and relationship of these structures on finger joint range of motion is crucial for interpreting physical examination findings and preoperative planning. For most cases, nonsurgical management is the initial step and consists of hand therapy, static and dynamic splinting, and/or serial casting, whereas surgical management is considered for those with more extensive contractures or for those that fail to improve with conservative management. Assuming no bony block to motion, surgery consists of open joint release, tenolysis of flexor and/or extensor tendons, and external fixation devices. Outcomes after treatment vary depending on the joint involved along with the severity of contracture and the patient's compliance with formal hand therapy and a home exercise program.
EU Smart borders, from strategic consideration to operational execution: an effective counter-terrorism strategy or discriminatory system control?
Authors: Rodríguez Bautista Daniela
Published: November 2018

EU Smart borders, from strategic consideration to operational execution: an effective counter-terrorism strategy or discriminatory system control?

The inclusion of biometric data in EU border controls reflects a shift from immigration management as an original purpose by making control and identification of individuals a top priority. It also shows a preference for biometrical data as part of the European security strategy. This article elaborates on these so-called ‘EU Smart borders’ and focusses on the different existing central information systems including these data.
Schaarse rechten in het omgevingsrecht? Een tegenconclusie voor de rechtsontwikkeling
Authors: Wolswinkel C.J. (Johan)
Published: November 2018

Schaarse rechten in het omgevingsrecht? Een tegenconclusie voor de rechtsontwikkeling

Op 6 juni 2018 verscheen de conclusie van staatsraad advocaat-generaal Widdershoven over schaarse rechten bij ruimtelijke besluitvorming. Kern hiervan is dat een bestemmingsplan geen besluit is dat schaarse rechten toekent, terwijl een omgevingsvergunning slechts in bijzondere omstandigheden schaarse rechten toekent. Dit artikel betoogt dat de (vermeende) eigenaardigheden van het ruimtelijk bestuursrecht niet tot een uitzonderingspositie zouden moeten leiden wat betreft de toepasselijkheid van het door de Afdeling ontwikkelde verdelingsregime, maar juist tot een kritischer toepassing hiervan in dit ‘bijzondere’ rechtsgebied. Er is geen aanleiding om ruimtelijke besluitvorming wezenlijk anders te behandelen dan andere besluitvorming over de verdeling van schaarse rechten.
Practical Aspects of Hyaluronic Acid Application in Biolevox HA Preparations – Report on Research
Authors: Materkowski Maciej , Malinowska Katarzyna , Tomaszewski Wiesław
Published: November 2018

HA preparations in intraarticular injections have been applied in medicine since 1986 and became widely used in Poland at the beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century. Since then, numerous cases of successful application of intra-articular injections (the so called viscosupplementation) have been described in Polish and foreign literature.
Changes in the molecular mass of hyaluronic acid and the related specific spatial structure result in different metabolic and immunological properties. Presently, in clinical practice, it is indicated to use the preparations produced by selected manufacturers who offer different forms of HA, containing different percentage of active substance (1 to 2.5%) and different molecular mass, making the desired number (1-5) of intra-articular injec­tions possible, depending on the type and intensity of a specific disease unit. Numerous studies have been con­ducted to confirm the effectiveness of treatment using hyaluronic acid.
In Poland a research program was implemented to assess the practical application of 2 ml of Biolevox HA preparation in 2.2% concentration. During the study 15,000 patients were subjected to analysis. The physicians participating in the study injected the hyaluronic acid, in that case, Biolevox HA, to the knee joint, in patients with osteoarthritis, chondromalacia, knee joint injuries and other conditions.
Teores de cobalto e manganês em solos de Santa Catarina
Authors: Suppi Ilana Marin , Campos Mari Lucia , Miquelluti David José , Bueno Dreyce Kisholli
Published: November 2018

A concentração dos elementos no solo pode ter origem natural, devido a seu material de origem e grau de intemperismo, ou antropogênica. O estudo objetivou avaliar os teores naturais de cobalto e manganês em 56 perfis de solos representativos do estado de Santa Catarina (SC), coletados em ambientes sem interferência antrópica, buscando correlacionar os teores encontrados com atributos físicos e químicos dos solos. Foram utilizadas 107 amostras considerando os horizontes A e B. A extração dos elementos foi realizada segundo protocolo USEPA 3050 B em bloco digestor, e quantificado em espectrometria de emissão ótica com fonte de plasma acoplado indutivamente. Os teores de Co e Mn diferiram entre as classes de solos, mas não entre os horizontes A e B. Em geral, solos originários de rochas magmáticas básicas apresentaram maiores concentrações de ambos os elementos. Os Latossolos apresentaram menores teores de Co e Mn do que solos mais jovens, como Chernossolos, ambos os solos derivados de basalto. Os atributos relação silte/argila, soma de bases e saturação por bases se correlacionaram positivamente com os elementos estudados, além de ambos se correlacionarem fortemente entre si.
Rejecting the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis on Attendance Demand in all Four Major European Football Leagues
Authors: Jespersen Nick Damgaard , Pedersen Line Bjørnskov
Published: November 2018

The uncertainty of outcome (UO) hypothesis, stating that spectators prefer matches with uncertain outcomes, has over the years been tested across different sports and countries yielding different conclusions. In the case of European football, results are mixed, perhaps due to variation in the use of UO measures, explanatory variables, seasons and econometric models. We test the UO hypothesis on the four major European football leagues using the same variables, seasons and econometric models across leagues. The results show that the UO hypothesis is rejected in all four leagues.
Intersectionality - an intercategorical empirical apporach
Authors: Emerek Ruth
Published: November 2018

The aim of this article is to demonstrate how to empirically uncover intersectional complexity by simple methods. The article is based on three examples of intercategorical complexity. Firstly, by discussing  gender mainstreaming, it is shown that a narrow focus on categories without their intersection may give misleading results. Secondly, the pitfalls of a narrow focus on a single section of categories are discussed by means of an example of educational attainment for categories of gender and ancestry. Finally, using the example of a study of the gender pay gap, it is shown how a breakdown of a study in partial analyses may reveal intersectionality. The examples show how interaction and interwoven categories can be included in intercategorical analyses of structural relationships.
Data visualization from a feminist perspective - Interview with Catherine D´Ignazio
Authors: Thylstrup Nanna , Veel Kristin
Published: November 2018

Catherine D’Ignazio is a scholar, artist/designer and software developer who focuses on data literacy, feminist technology and civic art. She has run breastpump hackathons, created award-winning water quality sculptures that talk and tweet, and led walking data visualizations to envision the future of sea level rise. Her research at the intersection of gender, technology and the humanities has been published in the Journal of Peer Production, the Journal of Community Informatics, and the proceedings of Human Factors in Computing Systems (ACM SIGCHI). D’Ignazio is an Assistant Professor of Civic Media and Data Visualization at Emerson College, a faculty director of the Engagement Lab and a research affiliate at the MIT Center for Civic Media.
The political potential of numbers: data visualisation in the abortion debate
Authors: Hill Rosemary Lucy
Published: November 2018

Data visualisation has been argued to have the power to ‘change the world’, implicitly for the better, but when it comes to abortion, both sides make moral claims to ‘good’. Visualisation conventions of clean lines and shapes simplify data, lending them a rhetoric of neutrality, as if the data is the whole story. It is imperative, therefore, to examine how data visualisations are used to shape women’s lives. This article draws on the findings of the Persuasive Data project . Google Image Scraper was used to locate abortion-related visualisations circulating online. The images, their web locations, and data use were social semiotically analysed to understand their visual rhetoric and political use. Anti-abortion groups are more likely to use data visualisation than pro-choice groups, thereby simplifying the issue and mobilising the rhetoric of neutrality. I argue that data visualisations are being used as a hindrance to women’s access to abortion, and that the critique of such visualisations needs to come from feminists. This article extends discussions of how data is often reified as objective, by showing how the rhetoric of objectivity within data visualisation conventions is harnessed to do work in the world that is potentially very damaging to women’s rights.
The Development of Gender-Responsive Indicators: Towards a Participatory Approach
Authors: Amacker Michéle , Schlaepfer Isabelle , Bigler Christine , Graf Andrea
Published: November 2018

There is an increasing level of importance around evidence-based policy making and a growing interest in big data in the field of gender equality. Most of the research has been about the amount of data, so much less is known about the quality of data that is needed to be transformative and which indicators should be selected. Poorly selected indicators often lead to the representation of simplified social realities and tend to reproduce gender stereotypes. Thus, one of the biggest challenges in big data is the development of quantitative and qualitative gender-responsive indicators that take into account the contextual interpretation of concepts such as wellbeing and the social realm of beneficiaries. Given this background, the aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the indicator development and selection process as a crucial step towards gender equality. We argue that a participatory research approach, involving the social contexts of involved stakeholders and target groups, offers a promising way to collaboratively improve indicators. This approach allows the development of indicators, which measure policy impacts from an all-inclusive gendered perspective and consider the complexity of programme implications and social conditions.
Other Ethics: Decentering the Human in Weird Horror
Authors: Gunderson Marianne
Published: November 2018

Margrit Shildrick has argued that the monster’s ability to disturb and unsettle arises from its position as simultaneously same and different, both self and other at the same time. Through an analysis of Algernon Blackwood’s novella The Willows, this article discusses the challenge posed by the nonhuman Absolute other, the nebulous creatures whose whose difference is total, as they appear in weird fiction. Drawing on posthuman theory, it explores the ethical implications of imagining the crumbling horizons of human subjectivity in the meeting with the absolute and unknowable other. This article argues that by bringing concepts such as the horror of scale, ecophobia, the transformative power of awe, and the strangeness of matter into the monstrous figure, the weird undermines the structures that constructs human, culture, and mind as separate and different from the non-human, nature, and matter. By making us imagine a perspective from which humans are not just insignificant, but irrelevant, weird fiction not only challenges the anthropocentric worldview, but also makes us aware of the limitations and situatedness of human experience.
Gender Mainstreaming in the Danish Central Administration: (Mis)understandings of the Gendered Impact of Law Proposals
Authors: Madsen Diana Højlund , Agustín Lise Rolandsen
Published: November 2018

Gender mainstreaming is the dominant strategy of the Danish national gender equality efforts. However, gender impact assessments have neither been sufficiently integrated in the policy-making processes of the Danish ministries nor in their organisational cultures, and their impact is minor. Drawing on feminist perspectives on institutional development the article focuses on two case studies – the Ministry of Employment and the Ministry of Transport – with two different practices for doing gender equality assessments. It is important to consider the (lack of) political demand for gender equality assessments in order to understand the (negative) development in terms of their number and content; very few gender equality assessments are produced, and those that are tend to hold little or no transformative potential as they show limited recognition of the gendered consequences of the law proposals.
Being intimate with flies: on affective methodologies and laboratory work
Authors: Mehrabi Tara
Published: November 2018

Situated within feminist technoscience studies and affect theory, this article explores the methodological specificities of working with Drosophila Melanogaster, commonly known as fruit flies. Based on a year of participatory observation in a fly lab, the article challenges the modernist imaginaries of laboratory work as disembodied, detached and objective. It suggests that laboratory work is instead an interactive, embodied and affective process that takes place in proximity between human and non-human, subject and object. The article therefore contributes to earlier feminist science studies arguing that doing science is an interactive, procedural, socio-cultural phenomenon. However, while most such previous works focus on issues such as connections, companionship, love and empathy, this article asks what  ethodological contributions can come from experiencing the intensity of more than human encounters that inspire undesirable feelings such as disgust.
Lifting the Lid on the Queen’s Upper-Crust Received Pronunciation
Authors: Richards Lorna
Published: November 2018

This acoustic analysis of Queen Elizabeth’s speech in her Christmas broadcasts from 1995 to 1999 investigates whether her dialect becomes less Upper-Crust Received Pronunciation, and more Standard Southern British (SSB), after the Princess of Wales died in 1997; whether there is a correlation with this change in speech style; and the need to increase the popularity of the British Monarchy which declined in the aftermath. A formant analysis of the Queen’s TRAP [æ], STRUT [ʌ] and the happy-tensing [ɪː] vowels was conducted in Praat. The results are discussed on their own but also contrasted with those reported in Harrington et al. (2000), and Harrington (2006). This study concludes that although the Queen’s speech underwent variation around the time of the Princess of Wales’s death, the variation had started in the months prior to the accident.
Quantitative factorization of weakly compact, Rosenthal, and $\xi$-Banach-Saks operators
Authors: Beanland Kevin , Causey Ryan M.
Published: November 2018

We prove quantitative factorization results for several classes of operators, including weakly compact, Rosenthal, and ξ-Banach-Saks operators.
Erratum to: ``Groupoid algebras as Cuntz-Pimsner algebras''
Authors: Rennie Adam , Robertson David , Sims Aidan
Published: November 2018

Erratum to: ``Groupoid algebras as Cuntz-Pimsner algebras''
FAMILY FRAMING AND THE COMEDY OF CONVENTIONS IN RUBEN ÖSTLUND’S FORCE MAJEURE
Authors: Edholm Roger
Published: November 2018

Ruben Östlund’s Force Majeure (2014) centres around a Swedish family vacationing at a ski resort in the Alps. The film depicts how the family breaks down after the father leaves his wife and children behind while fleeing from a possible avalanche. This breakdown is reflected in the film’s use of framing. In the opening scenes, the viewer is presented with a series of family portraits. After the averted disaster, the family is no longer shown as a coherent whole. Framing in Force Majeure is thus as a technical as well as a thematic matter related to the film’s exploration of the nuclear family. Framing is also connected to the comedic characterization of the family that the film depicts. Rather than identifying with them, the viewer is invited to critically reflect upon their self-image and their actions. The focus of this essay is therefore the concept of framing in connection with the film’s theme of family and certain comedic conventions. Force Majeure is symmetrically structured and the narrative progression adheres to a traditional plot-pattern moving from the disruption of order to the restoration of order. Yet, the film also flaunts its structure and makes the viewer aware of the clichés of conventional storytelling as these clichés and conventions are reproduced in the lives of the main characters.
Poetics of Playing
Authors: Saro Anneli
Published: November 2018

Despite the seemingly general agreement that we are still living in a post- orpost-post-modern world andmany contemporary performancesarebased on theprinciplesofpostdramatic theatre, researchers have noticed certain changes in the poetics of theatricallanguage, which havenot, so far, been described and analysed. Thisarticleseeksto search for apoeticsof playing?that isto say, implicit principlesof producingand perceivingcontemporaryperformances (non-mimetic forms of playing are beyond the scope of this investigation).These principles in themselves are not necessarily new or contemporary, although theircombinations often create such an impression. The article consists of three parts. The firstexplores the term 'poetics' and the second the poetics of playing. The final part provides anempirical analysis of an example of the new poetics of playing. The political theatre projectUnified Estonia Assembly developed the structures and strategies of politics and performingarts to their extremes, at the same time creating a powerful representation of political games.By being a kind of exceptional theatrical event, it helped to exemplify how performers caninfluence participants or society and how ambivalence as a strategy can be emphasized incomprehension and social interaction. Thepoeticsof playing in Unified EstoniaAssembly wasbased on fluid conceptions of players, roles and participants, playing and reality, and thisfluidity also created astrongsenseof ambivalenceboth duringtheplayingand afterwards.
What Do Actors Do in Contemporary Theatre
Authors: Epner Luule
Published: November 2018

The article addresses the issue of strategies of acting in contemporary (largely postdramatic)theatre. In thefirst part of thearticle, theacting isconceptualized asplaying, with referencetorelevant theories, particularly that of Thomas Pavel. The article puts forward the argumentthat the play world created in a theatre performance can be described by the continuousfictional ? real spectrum that accommodates a number of strategies of acting. Within thecontinuum, there exists an ongoing tension between the fictional and the real; theirrelationship is largely variable depending on the strategies of acting at work in a particularperformance. In the second part of the article, these strategies are divided into three groups:?being someone else?, ?being oneself ?and performing actions ? and are then analyzed on thebasisof examplesthat aredrawn primarily fromEstonian contemporary theatre.