bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the alignment of velocity and magnetic fields within magnetosheath jets
Authors: Plaschke Ferdinand , Jernej Maria , Hietala Heli , Vuorinen Laura
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Jets in the subsolar magnetosheath are localized enhancements in dynamic pressure that are able to propagate all the way from the bow shock to the magnetopause. Due to their excess velocity with respect to their environment, they push slower ambient plasma out of their way, creating a vortical plasma motion in and around them. Simulations and case study results suggest that jets also modify the magnetic field in the magnetosheath on their passage, aligning it more with their velocity. Based on MMS jet observations and corresponding superposed epoch analyses of the angles φ between the velocity and magnetic fields, we can confirm that this suggestion is correct. However, the effect is small: Typically, reductions in φ of only 10° are observed at jet core regions, where the jets' velocities are largest. Furthermore, time series of angles φ pertaining to individual jets significantly deviate from the superposed epoch analysis results. They usually exhibit large variations over the entire range of φ: 0° to 90°. This variability is commonly somewhat larger within jets than outside, masking the systematic decrease in φ at core regions of individual jets.
How to use mixed precision in ocean models: exploring a potential reduction of numerical precision in NEMO 4.0 and ROMS 3.6
Authors: Tintó Prims Oriol , Acosta Mario C. , Moore Andrew M. , Castrillo Miguel , Serradell Kim , Cortés Ana , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Mixed-precision approaches can provide substantial speed-ups for both computing- and memory-bound codes with little effort. Most scientific codes have overengineered the numerical precision, leading to a situation in which models are using more resources than required without knowing where they are required and where they are not. Consequently, it is possible to improve computational performance by establishing a more appropriate choice of precision. The only input that is needed is a method to determine which real variables can be represented with fewer bits without affecting the accuracy of the results. This paper presents a novel method that enables modern and legacy codes to benefit from a reduction of the precision of certain variables without sacrificing accuracy. It consists of a simple idea: we reduce the precision of a group of variables and measure how it affects the outputs. Then we can evaluate the level of precision that they truly need. Modifying and recompiling the code for each case that has to be evaluated would require a prohibitive amount of effort. Instead, the method presented in this paper relies on the use of a tool called a reduced-precision emulator (RPE) that can significantly streamline the process. Using the RPE and a list of parameters containing the precisions that will be used for each real variable in the code, it is possible within a single binary to emulate the effect on the outputs of a specific choice of precision. When we are able to emulate the effects of reduced precision, we can proceed with the design of the tests that will give us knowledge of the sensitivity of the model variables regarding their numerical precision. The number of possible combinations is prohibitively large and therefore impossible to explore. The alternative of performing a screening of the variables individually can provide certain insight about the required precision of variables, but, on the other hand, other complex interactions that involve several variables may remain hidden. Instead, we use a divide-and-conquer algorithm that identifies the parts that require high precision and establishes a set of variables that can handle reduced precision.
This method has been tested using two state-of-the-art ocean models, the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), with very promising results. Obtaining this information is crucial to build an actual mixed-precision version of the code in the next phase that will bring the promised performance benefits.
Data assimilation using adaptive, non-conservative, moving mesh models
Authors: Aydoğdu Ali , Carrassi Alberto , Guider Colin T. , Jones Chris K. R. T , Rampal Pierre
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Numerical models solved on adaptive moving meshes have become increasingly prevalent in recent
years. Motivating problems include the study of fluids in a Lagrangian frame and the presence of
highly localized structures such as shock waves or interfaces. In the former case, Lagrangian
solvers move the nodes of the mesh with the dynamical flow; in the latter, mesh resolution is
increased in the proximity of the localized structure. Mesh adaptation can include remeshing, a
procedure that adds or removes mesh nodes according to specific rules reflecting constraints in the
numerical solver. In this case, the number of mesh nodes will change during the integration and, as
a result, the dimension of the model's state vector will not be conserved. This work presents a
novel approach to the formulation of ensemble data assimilation (DA) for models with this underlying
computational structure. The challenge lies in the fact that remeshing entails a different state
space dimension across members of the ensemble, thus impeding the usual computation of consistent
ensemble-based statistics. Our methodology adds one forward and one backward mapping step before and
after the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analysis, respectively. This mapping takes all the ensemble members onto a fixed,
uniform reference mesh where the EnKF analysis can be performed. We consider a high-resolution (HR) and a
low-resolution (LR) fixed uniform reference mesh, whose resolutions are determined by the remeshing
tolerances. This way the reference meshes embed the model numerical constraints and are also upper
and lower uniform meshes bounding the resolutions of the individual ensemble meshes. Numerical
experiments are carried out using 1-D prototypical models: Burgers and Kuramoto–Sivashinsky
equations and both Eulerian and Lagrangian synthetic observations. While the HR strategy generally
outperforms that of LR, their skill difference can be reduced substantially by an optimal tuning of
the data assimilation parameters. The LR case is appealing in high dimensions because of its lower
computational burden. Lagrangian observations are shown to be very effective in that fewer of them
are able to keep the analysis error at a level comparable to the more numerous observers for the
Eulerian case. This study is motivated by the development of suitable EnKF strategies for 2-D models
of the sea ice that are numerically solved on a Lagrangian mesh with remeshing.
Effect of Apportioned Federal Revenue on Economic Growth: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi
Published: July 2019

The major objective of income distribution to the federal, state and local governments in Nigeria is to achieve economic growth which leads to economic development. This ultimate aim of governance in Nigeria appears not to have been achieved due to alleged corruption and mismanagement of the monthly allocated funds. Thus, this study investigates the effect of revenue apportioned to the three levels of government on economic growth in Nigeria.  The study employs annual time series data which cover a period from 1981-2016 and have been collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin, 2016 edition. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used to perform the multi-regression analysis with the aid of e-views version 9. The findings of the study reveal that the federally apportioned revenue to the federal government (FAFG) has a significant positive impact on RGDP while FALG has a robust significant positive impact on RGDP. The result also indicates that FASG has a significant negative influence on RGDP. This leads to a conclusion that mismanagement of funds by the state governments is a cause for concern. Therefore, the study suggests, among others, that revenue sharing formula in the country should be based more on impact of expenditure incurred on executed projects (long term and short term) by each tier of government than on any other parameter to achieve fairness and efficiency in public service delivery at all levels of governance.
Pearls and Pitfalls With Intramedullary Nailing of Proximal Tibia Fractures
Authors: Lee Christopher , Zoller Stephen D. , Perdue Paul W. , Nascone Jason W.
Published: July 2019

Intramedullary fixation of proximal tibia fractures remains a challenging surgical technique, with malalignment reported as high as 84%. The pull from the extensor mechanism, the hamstring and iliotibial band, in addition to the lack of endosteal fit from the nail, has made surgical fixation of these fractures difficult. Commonly held principles to reduce angular deformity include ensuring adequate imaging, obtaining an optimal start and trajectory for the implant, and obtaining and maintaining a reduction throughout the duration of the procedure. Some adjunctive techniques to assist in the application of these principles include use of a semiextended technique, clamping, blocking screws/wires, and unicortical plates. Understanding the challenges involved in intramedullary nailing of proximal tibia fractures and considering a wide array of techniques in the orthopaedic surgeon's armamentarium to combat these challenges is important.
Modeling the Parallelization of the Edmonds-Karp Algorithm and Application
Authors: Chaibou Amadou , Tessa Ousmane Moussa , Sié Oumarou
Published: July 2019

Many optimization problems can be reduced to the maximum flow problem in a network. However, the maximum flow problem is equivalent to the problem of the minimum cut, as shown by Fulkerson and Ford (Fulkerson & Ford, 1956). There are several algorithms of the graph’s cut, such as the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm (Ford & Fulkerson, 1962), the Edmonds-Karp algorithm (Edmonds & Karp, 1972) or the Goldberg-Tarjan algorithm (Goldberg & Tarjan, 1988). In this paper, we study the parallel computation of the Edmonds-Karp algorithm which is an optimized version of the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm. Indeed, this algorithm, when executed on large graphs, can be extremely slow, with a complexity of the order of O|V|.|E|2 (where |V| designates the number of vertices and |E| designates the number of the edges of the graph). So why we are studying its implementation on inexpensive parallel platforms such as OpenMp and GP-GPU. Our work also highlights the limits for parallel computing on this algorithm.
Stability analysis of steel frames according to Eurocode 3
Authors: Pogonowska-Płatek Sylwia , Dornowski Wojciech
Published: July 2019

In the paper, the qualitative and quantitative comparison of EC3 methods to verify the global stability of the structure is presented. The steel portal frame subjected to varied loads is considered. The initial global sway imperfection and the initial local bow imperfections of member frame are taken into account. The sensitivity of a structure to the 2nd order effects is assessed indirectly using the elastic critical load. The elastic critical load of a frame is calculated according to the buckling mode. The 2nd order effects are taken into account using the finite element method.
Keywords: second order effects, steel frame, global stability, critical load.
Incivility in user comments on online news articles: Investigating the role of opinion dissonance for the effects of incivility on attitudes, emotions and the willingness to participate
Authors: Lück Julia , Nardi Carlotta
Published: July 2019

Online discussions in comment sections on news websites often do not follow deliberative standards but are instead marked by uncivil expressions of disaffirmation and frustration. This study investigates the effects uncivil statements can have on readers of those comments, especially when the opinion expressed in that comment is contrary to their beliefs. In an online experiment embedded in an online survey 427 participants were confronted with a neutral news article that was accompanied by either civil or uncivil user comments that supported or opposed their own opinions (2×2 between-subject design). Articles and commentaries dealt with the refugee question in Germany. The research focuses on readers’ open-mindedness, willingness to talk to the other side, attitude certainty, moral indignation and willingness to participate in online and offline activities when being exposed to incivility in an online debate. The results support the assumption that incivility has detrimental effects for a deliberative online discussion, but we cannot confirm that the combination of uncivil and unlike-minded comments has the most adverse effects.
Staatliches Regulierungsinteresse im Investitionsschutzrecht
Authors: Schuppli Alexandra
Published: July 2019

The public discussion on the legitimacy of international investment law requires a reevaluation of the concept of state sovereignty in international investment law. The monograph sets out different concepts of an a priori precedence of the interests of the state over the interests of the investor and vice versa. Furthermore, it describes different models of reconciling these interests by way of giving the state a margin of discretion. In particular, the transfer of the margin of appreciation doctrine to international investment law, as well as the concept of empiric and normative deference, are the focus of this monograph. Finally, the author explores how investor-state arbitration achieves a reconciliation of interests by way of interpreting and applying rules of international investment law without the need to apply concepts from other legal systems. Based on these findings, the author evaluates different development trends in the drafting of investment treaties.
Thermal response of hands to computer work: comparison of three assessment procedures
Authors: Horáček Jan , Novotný Jan
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Unlike other imaging modalities thermography is absolutely non-invasive and suitable to assess functional changes. However in some fields, methodology for its use has not even been set yet. This work compares three different methods to study the dynamics of skin temperature changes in hands during computer work. Methods: A total of 306 measurements of 20 office employees and 6 non-office employees was performed with a thermographic camera during a work shift. The thermograms were subsequently evaluated and three methodologies - regions of interest, two of them newly proposed - were compared mathematically. Also, two more have been taken into consideration. Results: The results shown the same tendencies of thermal changes comparing our methodologies with the methodology used earlier in more than 80% (88 % in case of the first method, named H2 method and 85 % in case of the second one, named H5). However, in comparison to older procedure, our procedures shown higher sensitivity to temperature changes in more than 60% of cases (61 % in case of the first method and 68 % in case of the second one). We measured a variation range difference of 1.6 °C, and, with the second method, whole 2.1 °C compared to method used earlier. Conclusion: This work has determined a new procedure for measuring of dynamics of hands temperature changes, which is not only easier and faster to perform and evaluate, but it is also more capable of detecting temperature changes on hands.
Analysis of the game characteristics of the final juniors (female) match U14 at World Junior Tennis Finals in 2017 (case study)
Authors: Janák Ondřej , Zháněl Jiří
Published: July 2019

Analysis of the course of a match serves in many sports as a tool to obtain feedback for players and coaches. The most common method of analysis in tennis is analysis of game characteristics which is used in the training process both in pre-match preparation and post-match analysis. The results of these analysis, centre on different ages and performance cohorts, are published in a number of studies. At present, special computer software is often used to analyze game characteristics in tennis, eg. IBM Slam Tracker is used on all four grandslam tournaments. Game characteristics processed with this software have been taken into account when choosing 13 game characteristics used in our research. The aim of the research was to analyze the game characteristics of the best female junior players(n = 4), participants of the World Junior Tennis Finals (WJTF) final in 2017 in Prostejov. Based on the analysis of the research data, the differences in the level of the game characteristics of the winning and defeated finalists were determined, then   comparison of the game characteristics of finalists WJTF 2017 and finalists of the women tournament at Roland Garros (RG) 2017 was carried out. In the final matches between Ukraine (UA) and the United States (US), the selected game characteristics were evaluated using the Dartfish 9.0 software. The results of the analysis of the game characteristics showed that the winning players gained more points after first and second serve in both matches. The winning players also obtained more breaks and winners, committing a significantly lower number of double faults and unforced errors. When comparing the level of game characteristics of the winning players at WJTF, it was found that they had a higher success rate of first serve than the RG winner and had a higher success rate in the number of gained breaks. It was found that the RG winner had a significantly higher ratio of winners over a defeated player than it was by winners at WJTF. The ratio of total points won by the winning players versus the losers was higher for the WJTF than for the RG winner, which suggests a more balanced match at the RG final.
BMI Indicators in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Králíková Jitka , Válková Hana
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, the problematics of obesity in people with intellectual disabilities, who are limited by the handicap in their everyday lives, is getting more and more to the forefront. Currently, there is a lack of real data for the population of children with intellectual disabilities.The aim of the research is to find out whether children with intellectual disabilities in early and middle adolescence have a tendency to obesity, how many children have a normal weight in comparison with the intact population, what are the differences in the BMI indicators between boys and girls, if any of the development stages in boys and girls is connected with obesity, what is the proportion of each level of intellectual disabilities between boys and girls and if there is a bigger tendency to obesity in a certain level of intellectual disability.Quantitative and comparative research with deduction were the used methods. The machine InBody was used for finding out the BMI indicators. In total, 35 children from two special elementary schools participated in the research.The result of the research is as follows: More than half of the children with intellectual disabilities in early and middle adolescence have the weight in the norm of the intact population of the same age. In boys, there is an assumption that they will have a lower BMI in middle adolescence than they had in the previous stage of early adolescence. On the contrary, in girls, there is an assumption that their BMI will be higher in middle adolescence than it was in their previous stage of early adolescence. Obesity in boys is connected with early adolescence and the mild and the moderate level of intellectual disabilities. In girls, obesity is connected with middle adolescence and the mild level of intellectual disabilities.The contribution for practice is the finding that children with intellectual disabilities have similar BMI indicators as healthy Czech children because obesity is found in the same degree in both groups.
A Systematic Approach to the Cutaneous Lymphoid Infiltrates: A Clinical, Morphologic, and Immunophenotypic Evaluation
Authors: Gru Alejandro A. , McHargue Chauncey , Salavaggione Andrea L.
Published: July 2019

Context.—

The evaluation of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates, both neoplastic and inflammatory, occurs very frequently in routine dermatopathologic examination and consultation practices. The “tough” cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate is feared by many pathologists; skin biopsies are relatively small, whereas diagnostic possibilities are relatively broad. It is true that cutaneous lymphomas can be difficult to diagnose and that in many circumstances multiple biopsies are required to establish a correct diagnostic interpretation. As a reminder, one should understand that low-grade cutaneous lymphomas are indolent disorders that usually linger for decades and that therapy does not result in disease cure. It is also important to remember that in most circumstances, those patients will die from another process that is completely unrelated to a diagnosis of skin lymphoma (even in the absence of specific therapy).

Objective.—

To use a clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular approach in the evaluation of common lymphocytic infiltrates.

Data Sources.—

An in-depth analysis of updated literature in the field of cutaneous lymphomas was done, with particular emphasis on updated terminology from the most recent World Health Organization classification of skin and hematologic tumors.

Conclusions.—

A diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates can be adequately approached using a systematic scheme following the proposed ABCDE system. Overall, cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas are rare and “reactive” infiltrates are more common. Evaluation of lymphoid proliferations should start with a good sense of knowledge of the clinical presentation of the lesions, the clinical differential considerations, and a conscientious and appropriate use of immunohistochemistry and molecular tools.
Entre lógica e dialética: experiências de uma proposta em construção
Authors: Penafiel Matheus
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho apresenta relatos de duas experiências didáticas realizadas pelo autor, ambas embasadas em uma proposta didática para o ensino de lógica e argumentação ainda em desenvolvimento. As experiências possibilitam suscitar algumas questões sobre a realização delas mesmas, a saber, se as atividades realizadas para atingir os objetivos da aprendizagem têm sido as melhores. Com a leitura se perceberá que não, e analiso os eventos na busca de um por quê. Após encontrar uma possibilidade de resposta, pretendo oferecer uma via alternativa que permita aprimorar as aprendizagens dos alunos.
Ensinar (Filosofia) com a solidão
Authors: Oliveira Luis Cesar Fernandes de
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de ensinar filosofia com a perspectiva da solidão, principalmente a partir da obra  Assim falou Zaratustra, escrita entre 1883 e 1885, pelo filósofo alemão  Friedrich Nietzsche. Para tal empreitada, primeiramente, analisaremos como o conceito de solidão pode estar atrelado à amargura e à tristeza, assumindo um sentido  pejorativo para a conservação da vida humana ao se considerar o surgimento da  faculdade da memória e o desenvolvimento da consciência. Outrossim, será abordada a distinção entre solidão e abandono oferecida na obra. Por fim, será  erguida a questão da relevância de tais relações conceituais para o ensino de  filosofia.
O pensar de ordem superior e o papel do diálogo investigativo no fazer filosofia na educação básica
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Centenaro Junior Bufon
Published: July 2019

O presente ensaio tem por escopo reconstruir a ideia lipmaniana do pensar de ordem superior, caracterizar o papel do diálogo no processo de fazer filosofia na educação básica e abordar a formação continuada docente como tarefa intrasferível para a possibilidade de êxito na promoção da educação para o pensar. O ensaio é resultado parcial de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de cunho hermenêutico, vinculada ao projeto Políticas para o Ensino de Filosofia. O texto está organizado em três momentos: inicialmente busca definir o conceito do “pensar de ordem superior”; num segundo momento, a partir de Matthew Lipman (2008), aborda o diálogo investigativo como cerne para o exercício do pensar de ordem superior; por fim, no terceiro momento, trata dos desafios da formação dos professores da educação básica para que possam conduzir seu trabalho numa perspectiva do paradigma crítico-reflexivo da educação para o pensar.
De Mackell à Mahe : évolution des droits scolaires des minorités de langue officielle au Canada
Authors: Foucher Pierre
Published: July 2019

L’article 93 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 a été conçu comme une mesure de protection constitutionnelle des droits collectifs des minorités catholiques ou protestantes, obtenus avant l’entrée des colonies anglaises dans la confédération. La démographie faisait en sorte que les catholiques étaient majoritairement francophones et les protestants, majoritairement anglophones. Lorsque l’Ontario a voulu imposer l’enseignement en anglais dans toutes ses écoles, l’article 93 a été invoqué pour faire obstacle à cette réforme, mais en vain : les tribunaux de l’époque ont interprété l’article 93 de manière littérale et restrictive. Par contraste, l’article 23 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés a été interprété par les tribunaux de manière téléologique, libérale et évolutive, consacrant pour les minorités linguistiques officielles un droit implicite à la gestion de leurs écoles. Le présent texte entend faire dialoguer l’une avec l’autre ces deux dispositions constitutionnelles destinées à la protection des mêmes minorités nationales, soit la minorité francophone hors Québec et la minorité anglo-québécoise. L’article comparera également les deux principaux procès qui en ont marqué l’interprétation judiciaire, soit les affaires Mackell au début du XXe siècle et Mahe à la fin de ce dernier. La différence de structure entre les deux dispositions sera mise en relief, et les techniques d’interprétation judiciaire utilisées pour en dégager le sens seront illustrées. À l’aide de nombreux extraits des jugements rendus à chaque palier judiciaire, les notions judiciaires de protection des minorités, du rôle des garanties constitutionnelles et de la vision constitutionnelle du Canada mise en lumière par ces décisions seront analysées.
Transformer le droit en le décrivant : à propos de la « décriture du droit »
Authors: Forray Vincent , Pimont Sébastien
Published: July 2019

Ce texte examine un phénomène de transformation du droit à partir d’un questionnement portant sur l’une de ses modalités d’existence : l’écriture. Cette écriture n’est pas seulement le fait d’un législateur ou d’un organe habilité à dire le droit. Les juristes produisent quotidiennement des textes pour les besoins de leurs diverses activités : interpréter, plaider, instrumenter, enseigner, décider… Ces textes sont, pour une part, délibérément descriptifs. Ils visent à indiquer par écrit le droit. Pourtant, en dépit d’une telle intention descriptive, intention par elle-même conforme à l’architecture institutionnelle de l’état de droit, la description écrite du droit transforme celui-ci, lui donne une autre forme. C’est ce phénomène que le présent article appelle « décriture », autrement dit, la réalisation continue de l’ordre juridique par l’écriture des juristes.
Bioregion, Biopolitics, and the Creaturely List: The Trouble with FaunaWatch
Authors: MacDonald Tanis
Published: July 2019

Canada’s tradition of nature poets who are also philosophically astute (or, conversely, philosophical poets who are astute about bioregionality) is long and would include Don McKay, Tim Lilburn, and Jan Zwicky, to name just a few. My own practice of observing and archiving animals, and writing about such archiving practices, an ongoing project called FaunaWatch, has made it clear that nothing about doing so is simple, just as nothing about being the owner-operator of a fleshy body is simple. This essay examines my practice of observation and archiving a bioregional creaturely list as an important critical and creative process, though one that is powered by an acquisitive energy, raising questions about the culture of sighting and “collecting” sights. FaunaWatch, as practice and as project, has increased in complexity precisely because of its humble (and humbling) beginnings, growing as it did out of my intense desire to fix myself in the realities of my geographical location in southwestern Ontario. When a hybrid of scholarly discourse and bioregional presence goes into the woods, it is no real surprise to find the organic impulse of the poem and the biological organism, the animal self and the animal other, undermined by uncertainty.
In Praise of the Garrison Mentality: Why Fear and Retreat May be Useful Responses in an Era of Climate Change
Authors: Malisch Sherrie
Published: July 2019

This essay revisits one of the foundational settler texts of Canadian literature, Northrop Frye’s “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada. It offers a controversial re-reading of Northrop Frye’s infamous “garrison mentality” thesis from the perspective of contemporary eco-criticism, particularly in view of the global crisis of climate change. The essential ecological logic of Frye’s account is that human isolation from nature impedes humanity’s “fullest functioning as a species.” However, the logic of the garrison thesis has been implicitly shared by critics who purport to oppose Frye’s approach; at base, both Frye and his critics assume that human-nature interconnection fosters human potential and creativity. Drawing on a number of prominent environmental biologists and ecocritics, the essay demonstrates that the garrison mentality, in which humans maintain a respectful distance from nature, may be the most ecologically sound response. This opens up a provocative question: “What if the most crucial role for literature . . . is not to fuel and thrive on the individual quest for creative fulfillment and self-understanding, but to harness itself to the task of bringing human aspirations, collectively, within limits?”
La publicidad con 'Alma'
Authors: Martorell Sandra
Published: July 2019

Es la misma sensación que experimentábamos cada diciembre a la espera del anuncio de Freixenet. Esa curiosidad y entusiasmo de unos años a esta parte la hemos trasladado a la llegada del verano y con él, la campaña de Estrella Damm.
¿Quién soy yo?: buenas prácticas para el posicionamiento de la investigación
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: July 2019

¿Sabes cuál es la extensión ideal del título? ¿Cómo puedes escoger la mejor revista de tu disciplina? ¿Qué hago una vez tengo el artículo acabado? ¿Y cuando la revista lo ha publicado? ¿Qué perfiles de redes sociales tienes generados? La lista de preguntas podría ser mucho más larga y en la era de la ciencia abierta la publicación es el inicio del camino a recorrer, a fin de devolver el conocimiento a la ciudadanía. Para hacerlo posible tener un buen posicionamiento de nuestra investigación es clave para incrementar la visibilidad.
Flood Resilience Measures in Buildings on the Flood-plains of Ogbaru, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeokoli F. O. , Okolie K. C. , Onwuka S. U.
Published: July 2019

Aim: The study evaluates the flood resilience measures in buildings on flood-plains of Ogbaru, with a view to establishing the extent of its incorporation into the design and construction of Buildings.

Study Design: It was a survey research, questionnaires were distributed to heads of the selected households and building practitioners in the study area. Likewise, physical observations were carried out to substantiate the findings of the questionnaire survey.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Ogbaru Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria for a period of 2 years.

Methodology: Being a survey research, data were collected through structured questionnaire administered to the selected building construction practitioners and occupants in Ogbaru. In addition, interviews and direct observation survey were conducted to substantiate the validity of the questionnaire survey. Accordingly, a total of four hundred and (400) questionnaires were distributed and a total of two hundred and ninety-three (293) questionnaires were completed and returned. This corresponds to a response rate of 73.3%.  Data collected were analyzed using mean score, standard deviation, pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) techniques and z-test.

Results: The study found out that the flood resilience measures are not largely incorporated into the design and construction of buildings. The flood resilience measures currently in use are few and includes raised building floor level or platform, use of concrete floor and tiling, use of embankments, re-routing flood water channels, building walls and floors with none/low permeability materials, raised kitchen appliances and low walls or barriers between streetscape, Also, advanced or sophisticated flood resilience measures such as Automatic window opening panels (flood inlets), water sensors within and outside buildings and hybrid design are rarely used in the study area.

Conclusion: The study concluded by recommending that flood resilience measure should be incorporated into the development/ construction of building within the study area. Also, newer and sustainable flood resilience measures/technologies should be made available and affordable in the study area.
Studies on the Effects of Carbonated Soft Drink Additives and Simultaneous Consumption of Carbonated Soft Drink with Ascorbic Acid on Histological Parameters of Male Mice
Authors: Femi-Oloye O. P. , Olatunji-Ojo A. M. , Owoloye A. , Adewumi B. , Ibitoye O. , Oloye F. F. , Gbore F. A.
Published: July 2019

Sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid are the most significant additives in carbonated soft drink. The effect of consuming these additives singly and simultaneous consumption of carbonated soft drink with ascorbic acid were investigated to understand histopathological alterations in both liver cells and testis. Expermental mice were grouped into 7 different sets and five of the groups were adminstered 4 mg/kg body weight of the treatments, while the other two groups served as normal and vehicle control. The histological results reveal presence of activated Kupffer cells, sinusoidal widening and cytoplasmic vacuolation in the liver of mice exposed to carbonated soft drink, sodium benzoate and sodium benzoate with ascorbic acid, while in addition to these, there were severe cellular  and granular casts in group administered carbonated soft drink with ascorbic acid. Severe cellular casts and granular cast is an indication of hepatic diseases. Carbonated soft drink, sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate with ascorbic acid did not alter the histopathology of the testis, but simultaneous consumption of carbonated soft drink with ascorbic acid might prevent the formation of new stem cells and may hinder them from dividing to specialized cells.
In-silico Structural Annotation of Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase Protein Zm00014a_031618 in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ishaku Gali Adamu
Published: July 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was In-Silico structural annotation of an amino acid sequence of Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase Protein Zm00014a_031618 in Maize (Zea mays) retrieved from NCBI with the accession number PWZ58979.

Study Design: The use of In-Silico studies for the structural annotation of Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase protein.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Bioinformatics Laboratory, Chevron Biotechnology Centre, Modibbo Adama University of Yola, Nigeria. Between June 2018 to July 2018.

Methodology: The Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase protein was retrieved from NCBI, physical and chemical parameters were calculated using ExPASy - ProtParam tool, the server SOPMA was used for secondary structure analysis (helix, sheets, and coils) and I-TASSER was used to obtain the 3D structure.

Results: ExPASy - Prot Param tool computated the various physical and chemical parameters such as molecular weight (MW) 30117.97, total number of positively (+R) 27, negatively charged residues (-R) 30, theoretical isoelectric point (pI) 5.96, aliphatic index (AI) 103.67 and grand average hydropathy (GRAVY) 0.293. The SOPMA server was used for calculating the secondary structural features of protein sequences as Alpha helix 39.16%, Extended strand 14.69%, Beta turn 6.64% and Random coil 39.51%. I-Tasser was used for predicting the 3D structure where 2qttA from PDB was used as the template.

Conclusion: This study helped in understanding the structural analysis of the Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase Protein Zm00014a_031618 in maize (Z. mays).
The Relationship between Spiritual Health and Spiritual Intelligence of Midwives and Midwifery Students and Satisfaction of Clients with Vaginal Childbirth
Authors: Ghalaychi Zahra , Dolatian Mahrohk , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Boromandnia Nasrin , Valizadeh Rohollah
Published: July 2019

Background: Maternity is one of the most important events in women's lives, and satisfaction with it has a significant impact on the health of women and their relationship with their neonates. On the other hand, characteristics of midwives such as health and spiritual intelligence can affect the satisfaction of women.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between spiritual health and intelligence of the staff and midwifery students and the satisfaction of the patients with vaginal childbirth.

Methods and Materials: This descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 200 subjects including midwives and patients with vaginal childbirth. Stratified sampling was used as the sampling technique. Research instruments were a demographic questionnaire, Ellison’s and Paluotzian Spiritual Health Questionnaire, and King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire for the personnel and midwifery students, Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale, and a demographic questionnaire for patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24, Pearson correlation and linear regression. A P value less than of 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: In this study, half of mothers were younger than 26 years of age and most of them were nulliparous with wanted pregnancy. Furthermore, half of personnel and students had moderate spiritual intelligence and about half had moderate spiritual health. The satisfaction of the patients had a positive correlation with spiritual health and spiritual intelligence. The lowest score was related to the flexibility component and the highest score was related to the component of stress tolerance.

Conclusion: Since the health and spiritual intelligence correlate with the satisfaction of patients with vaginal childbirth, it is suggested that spiritual characteristics be taken into account as a part of the selection process for midwifery students and staff.
Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal Properties of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum): A Review
Authors: Fufa Bulti Kumera
Published: July 2019

Garlic (Allium sativum) contains various biologically active components that play a significant role in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. It contains sulfur compounds like allicin, ajoene, allylmethyltrisulfide, diallyltrisulfide, diallyldisulphide and others which exhibit various biological properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and cardiovascular effects. The objective of the current review was to relate various literatures and assess the anti-microbial potential of garlic extract. The antimicrobial potency of garlic can be maximised by increasing the concentration of the extract. Garlic extract of 100% concentration showed a maximum zone of inhibition against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Rotation capacity of I‐shaped beams collapsed with lateral‐torsional buckling under reversed axial forces
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Kimura Yoshihiro , Kasai Kazuhiko
Published: July 2019

I‐shaped beams installed in a braced structure are subjected to reversed axial forces during earthquakes. Previously, we have derived the evaluation index and formulae for beams that collapsed with dominant local buckling. In this paper, we present additional experiments and numerical analyses conducted to clarify the influences of lateral‐torsional buckling on structural performances. Based on the results obtained, a new evaluation index is proposed by employing the normalized slenderness ratio introduced in this research. Finally, the applicability of the previous equation of Bauschinger effect coefficient is investigated to calculate the hysteretic energy dissipation.
Rational Design of Nanostructured Electrode Materials toward Multifunctional Supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Jian , Li Shaohui , Lan Binbin , Wu Yucheng , Lee Pooi See
Published: July 2019

As an intermediate step during energy usage, supercapacitors with superior power density, long‐term cycling stability, and moderate energy density have attracted immense interest as a facile route to use energy in a clean, efficient, and versatile manner in smart grid applications, as well as portable devices and other applications. Currently, the major drawback of supercapacitors is the low energy density. Electrode materials are the key components determining the cell performance. Great research efforts are made to develop nanostructured electrode materials with high performance. On the other hand, integrating supercapacitors with other applications have led to the emergence of many new types of multifunctional supercapacitors, which are attractive for a myriad of applications. The current understanding on charge/discharge mechanisms of electric double layer capacitors and pseudo‐capacitors is discussed along with recent development in designing nanostructured electrode materials by structure/morphology engineering, doping, and crystal structure controlling. Achievements in multifunctional supercapacitors like flexible supercapacitors, all‐solid‐state supercapacitors, self‐healing supercapacitors, electrochromic supercapacitors, self‐chargeable supercapacitors, and supercapacitors integrated with sensors are illustrated. Finally, opportunities and challenges in developing high performance and multifunctional supercapacitors are proposed.
Nano and Microtechnologies for the Study of Magnetotactic Bacteria
Authors: Tay Andy , McCausland Hayley , Komeili Arash , Di Carlo Dino
Published: July 2019

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) naturally synthesize magnetic nanoparticles that are wrapped in lipid membranes. These membrane‐bound particles, which are known as magnetosomes, are characterized by their narrow size distribution, high colloidal stability, and homogenous magnetic properties. These characteristics of magnetosomes confer them with significant value as materials for biomedical and industrial applications. MTB are also a model system to study key biological questions relating to formation of bacterial organelles, metal homeostasis, biomineralization, and magnetoaerotaxis. The similar size scale of nano and microfluidic systems to MTB and ease of coupling to local magnetic fields make them especially useful to study and analyze MTB. In this Review, a summary of nano‐ and microtechnologies that are developed for purposes such as MTB sorting, genetic engineering, and motility assays is provided. The use of existing platforms that can be adapted for large‐scale MTB processing including microfluidic bioreactors is also described. As this is a relatively new field, future synergistic research directions coupling MTB, and nano‐ and microfluidics are also suggested. It is hoped that this Review could start to bridge scientific communities and jump‐start new ideas in MTB research that can be made possible with nano‐ and microfluidic technologies.
Epitaxy of Single‐Crystalline GaN Film on CMOS‐Compatible Si(100) Substrate Buffered by Graphene
Authors: Feng Yuxia , Yang Xuelin , Zhang Zhihong , Kang Duan , Zhang Jie , Liu Kaihui , Li Xinzheng , Shen Jianfei , Liu Fang , Wang Tao , Ji Panfeng , Xu Fujun , Tang Ning , Yu Tongjun , Wang Xinqiang , Yu Dapeng , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: July 2019

Fabricating single‐crystalline gallium nitride (GaN)‐based devices on a Si(100) substrate, which is compatible with the mainstream complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor circuits, is a prerequisite for next‐generation high‐performance electronics and optoelectronics. However, the direct epitaxy of single‐crystalline GaN on a Si(100) substrate remains challenging due to the asymmetric surface domains of Si(100), which can lead to polycrystalline GaN with a two‐domain structure. Here, by utilizing single‐crystalline graphene as a buffer layer, the epitaxy of a single‐crystalline GaN film on a Si(100) substrate is demonstrated. The in situ treatment of graphene with NH3 can generate sp3 CN bonds, which then triggers the nucleation of nitrides. The one‐atom‐thick single‐crystalline graphene provides an in‐plane driving force to align all GaN domains to form a single crystal. The nucleation mechanisms and domain evolutions are further clarified by surface science exploration and first‐principle calculations. This work lays the foundation for the integration of GaN‐based devices into Si‐based integrated circuits and also broadens the choice for the epitaxy of nitrides on unconventional amorphous or flexible substrates.
Flexible Hybrid Sensors for Health Monitoring: Materials and Mechanisms to Render Wearability
Authors: Gao Yuji , Yu Longteng , Yeo Joo Chuan , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: July 2019

Wearable electronics have revolutionized the way physiological parameters are sensed, detected, and monitored. In recent years, advances in flexible and stretchable hybrid electronics have created emergent properties that enhance the compliance of devices to our skin. With their unobtrusive attributes, skin conformable sensors enable applications toward real‐time disease diagnosis and continuous healthcare monitoring. Herein, critical perspectives of flexible hybrid electronics toward the future of digital health monitoring are provided, emphasizing its role in physiological sensing. In particular, the strategies within the sensor composition to render flexibility and stretchability while maintaining excellent sensing performance are considered. Next, novel approaches to the functionalization of the sensor for physical or biochemical stimuli are extensively covered. Subsequently, wearable sensors measuring physical parameters such as strain, pressure, temperature, as well as biological changes in metabolites and electrolytes are reported. Finally, their implications toward early disease detection and monitoring are discussed, concluding with a future perspective into the challenges and opportunities in emerging wearable sensor designs for the next few years.
Boron Phosphide Nanoparticles: A Nonmetal Catalyst for High‐Selectivity Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CH3OH
Authors: Mou Shiyong , Wu Tongwei , Xie Junfeng , Zhang Ya , Ji Lei , Huang Hong , Wang Ting , Luo Yonglan , Xiong Xiaoli , Tang Bo , Sun Xuping
Published: July 2019

Electrocatalysis has emerged as an attractive way for artificial CO2 fixation to CH3OH, but the design and development of metal‐free electrocatalyst for highly selective CH3OH formation still remains a key challenge. Here, it is demonstrated that boron phosphide nanoparticles perform highly efficiently as a nonmetal electrocatalyst toward electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CH3OH with high selectivity. In 0.1 m KHCO3, this catalyst achieves a high Faradaic efficiency of 92.0% for CH3OH at −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional theory calculations reveal that B and P synergistically promote the binding and activation of CO2, and the rate‐determining step for the CO2 reduction reaction is dominated by *CO + *OH to *CO + *H2O process with free energy change of 1.36 eV. In addition, CO and CH2O products are difficultly generated on BP (111) surface, which is responsible for the high activity and selectivity of the CO2‐to‐CH3OH conversion process.