bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of ALKBH3 and its effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells: bioinformatics analysis and in vitro and in vivo experiments
Authors: Zhang Song , Chen Haoyu , Liu Tao , Qin Chao , Yan Hang , Hu Haiyang , Tang Shengjie , Dai Tingting , Ji Danyu , Yang Li , Zhou Haining
Published: December 2024

Objective: To use bioinformatics analysis and in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the biological role of ALKBH3 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Bioinformatics analysis of ALKBH3 was performed using databases. ALKBH3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent tissues was detected by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Stable transformed A549 cells with low expression of ALKBH3 were constructed. The effects of knockdown of ALKBH3 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were detected by CCK-8, cell scratch, and transwell invasion assays, respectively. The effects of ALKBH3 on the proliferation of A549 cells in vivo were detected using subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice.

Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that ALKBH3 has diagnostic value in tumors such as lung adenocarcinoma, the expression of ALKBH3 is related to immune cell infiltration, ALKBH3 interacts with ASCC family molecules, and ALKBH3 is involved in the demethylation of DNA and RNA. The expression of ALKBH3 in lung adenocarcinoma was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assays showed that ALKBH3 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells in vitro (P < 0.01). ALKBH3 knockdown also significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: ALKBH3 is a potential diagnostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma. Results in vivo and in vitro showed that knocking down ALKBH3 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and subcutaneous tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.
Mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nie Yunan , Schalper Kurt A. , Chiang Anne
Published: December 2024

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with a poor prognosis. Although the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy has modestly improved outcomes, most patients rapidly develop resistance. Resistance to immunotherapy can be broadly categorized into primary resistance and acquired resistance, as proposed by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) consensus definition. Primary resistance occurs in the setting of failure to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), while acquired resistance develops after initial response. The mechanisms of acquired and primary resistance to ICI are not well understood in SCLC, denoting an area of critical unmet need.

Both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms play significant roles in immunotherapy resistance. Intrinsic mechanisms include defects in antigen presentation, mutations in key genes, reduced tumor immunogenicity, and epigenetic alterations. Extrinsic mechanisms involve the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is a complex interplay of both tumor- and immunosuppressive immune cells, vasculature, and microbiome.

An understanding of these resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to advance effective immunotherapy in patients with SCLC, a critical area of unmet need.
Infrared and visible image fusion based on multi-level detail enhancement and generative adversarial network
Authors: Tian Xiangrui , Xianyu Xiaohan , Li Zhimin , Xu Tong , Jia Yinjun
Published: December 2024

Infrared and visible image fusion technology has a wide range of applications in many fields such as target detection and tracking. Existing image fusion methods often overlook the scale hierarchical structure information of features, with local and global features not being closely interconnected. Typically, improvements focus on the network structure and loss functions, while the intimate connection between the quality of the source images and the feature extraction network is often neglected. The aforementioned issues lead to artifacts and blurring of fused images; besides, the detailed edge information can not be well reflected. Therefore, a method of infrared and visible image fusion based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) with multi-level detail enhancement is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the edge information of the input source image is enriched by the multi-level detail enhancement method, which improves the image quality and makes it more conducive to the learning of feature extraction network. Secondly, the residual-dense and multi-scale modules are designed in the generator and the connection between local and global features is established to ensure the transmissibility and coherence of the feature information. Finally, by designing the loss function and dual discriminator constraints to constrain the fusion image, more structure and detail information are added in continuous confrontation. The experimental results show that the fused image contains more detailed texture information and prominent thermal radiation targets. It also outperforms other fusion methods in terms of average gradient (AG), spatial frequency (SF) and edge intensity (EI) metrics, with values surpassing the sub-optimal metrics of 65.41%, 65.09% and 55.22%, respectively.
Entropy harvest and key derivation from the image sensors in IP camera
Authors: Ryu Jieun , Kim Gwangjae , Ko Jeongbeen , Kang Dongkeun , Kang Ju-Sung , Yeom Yongjin
Published: December 2024

With the widespread use of connected surveillance systems using IP cameras, the security of video data has become a critical issue. In response to the potential compromise of sensitive information via covert channels, the United States and the United Kingdom warned against the use of suspicious cameras in critical infrastructure. To mitigate the security concerns, it is indispensable to investigate every component inside IP cameras using evaluation and validation programs such as Common Criteria and Cryptographic Module Validation Program. However, such compliance tests on implementation under test cannot suffice to prevent the products from malicious attacks using a Trojan-horse in a black-box component, particularly inserted in the image-sensing module or the random number generator (RNG).

In this paper, we categorize potential vulnerabilities and argue that IP cameras should disclose the components of the modules to mitigate the threats of backdoor. Based on this, we provide a way to construct backdoor-free RNG. To remove the possibility of the backdoor inside the RNG, we extract randomness from optical black pixels of the image sensor and apply two entropy accumulation methods to guarantee the min-entropy of accumulated data under weak assumptions, which means the IP camera already has a hardware entropy source in itself without additional suspicious entropy source. In the experiment using an IP camera with a Cortex-A53 processor, we can harvest entropy at the rate of 7.3kbps. The operating speed of the RNG is sufficient to provide random bits without delay when a symmetric key is updated every minute.
Construction and application of thermogalvanic hydrogels
Authors: Liu Wei , Fang Yi , Lyu Xiaolin , Peng Xiangfang , Luo Zhong-Zhen , Zou Zhigang
Published: December 2024

Low-grade heat (below 373 Kelvins) is abundant and ubiquitous, yet the lack of cost-effective recovery technologies frequently impedes its effective utilization. The advent of thermogalvanic hydrogel thermocells has garnered significant attention due to their high thermopower, inherent flexibility, low cost, and scalability. Thermogalvanic hydrogels have significantly enhanced their thermoelectric performance, resulting in the development of functional materials that exhibit flexibility, stretchability, self-healing, and frost resistance. However, there are substantial challenges in developing multifunctional thermogalvanic hydrogels that combine high power density and efficiency with practical applicability. This review discusses the synthesis of the novel redox couple, improving the performance of electrolytes to increase thermopower, creating electrodes with extensive surface areas for better current density and flexibility, and optimizing thermocell structure design to improve performance further. This comprehensive review aims to propel progress toward higher performance levels and broader applications of thermogalvanic hydrogel thermocells.
Barriers to the provision of youth-friendly services for adolescents living with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Mashamba Langanani , Letswalo Lucky , Mkhonto Flora , Ramalepa Tshiamo
Published: December 2024

Adolescents living with HIV and AIDS experience difficulties when they transition from pediatric clinics to adult clinics. People living with HIV and AIDS have been judged and stigmatized as promiscuous. Since adolescence is a challenging milestone with all the physical and emotional changes, adolescents become vulnerable to defaulting care and treatment at the clinic. In some health facilities, youth-friendly services are still not well implemented, despite the program being advocated for by the World Health Organization to reduce HIV. The study aimed to explore the barriers to the provision of youth-friendly services for adolescents living with HIV and AIDS in clinics in Gauteng Province, South Africa. An explorative descriptive and qualitative design was applied through in-depth interviews. Data were collected from 15 professional nurses in three clinics and analysed using the content analysis framework. The study's findings produced five themes: human resource challenges, inadequate space to provide the service, healthcare providers’ attitudes toward the provision of mixed services and an environment not conducive to the service. Healthcare providers displayed judgemental attitudes towards adolescents when they sought sexual and reproductive services at the clinics. The shortage of staff and resources hampered the provision of youth-friendly services to adolescents living with HIV and AIDS. Lack of privacy and confidentiality due to limited space in the clinics caused adolescents to default on their treatment as they are seen in the same space as adults. The study recommends a designated area for adolescents and youth separated from other clinic populations so that sexual and reproductive health topics can be discussed without fear of being identified by other people visiting the clinic. Moreover, more youth-inclusive environments in healthcare settings should be created.
MODEL SKENARIO PENGGUNAAN LAHAN BERBASIS CELLULAR AUTOMATA-MARKOV CHAIN SEBAGAI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN SPASIAL UNTUK PERENCANAAN KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Kardika Adelia Juli , Kamarati Kiamah Fathirizkia Agsa , Faradilla Faradilla , Ningsih Rusdiana , Dinata Nur Rahma Muzaddiyah
Published: December 2024

The city of Samarinda is one of the supporting cities for Indonesia's new capital city. This will of course have an impact on increasing infrastructure development in Samarinda. Land use scenario modeling is an effective alternative that can be used to understand land conditions by analyzing and simulating future land use scenarios. The aim of this research is to create a land use scenario model which can later be used as a spatial decision support system in policy making related to Samarinda city spatial planning and sustainable governance. The method used in this research is a combination of the Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov Chain model with Remote Sensing-GIS. The results of this research show that the Celelu Automata-Markov Chain based land use scenario model shows that in 2034 Samarinda City will experience an increase and decrease in area in several land uses. There has been a significant increase in the area of land use, namely settlements, mining, dry land farming mixed with bushes, and dry land farming. From CA-Markov modeling, changes in LULC will occur in the future. The detailed analysis in this research will be very useful as basic data information to help city planners and local governments for future planning and development as well as technical knowledge about landscape changes.
VALUASI EKONOMI EKOWISATA KEBUN RAYA MANGROVE SURABAYA GUNUNG ANYAR
Authors: Putri Deanisa Herawati , Yektiningsih Endang , Rozci Fatchur
Published: December 2024

Surabaya Mangrove Forest Park is not only a natural beauty attraction for visitors but also provides economic benefits for the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze the economic value of ecotourism in the park, understand the factors that influence the number of tourist visits, and determine the willingness of the community to pay for the existence of this park. Research data was collected from 60 park visitors using quota sampling techniques. Multiple linear regression analysis and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) were used to examine the factors influencing tourist visits and willingness to pay. The results of the study show that travel costs are a significant factor influencing the number of tourist visits. The economic value of ecotourism in Surabaya Mangrove Forest Park reaches Rp 10.828.609.000 /year (ITCM) and Rp 15.598.117.400 (CVM). The average community's willingness to pay for the existence of this park is Rp 5.050. The findings of this study confirm that Surabaya Mangrove Forest Park has significant ecotourism economic value. Sustainable ecotourism development in this location can provide economic and environmental benefits for the surrounding community.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN DAN SERVICE QUALITY TERHADAP BRAND AWARENESS PADA WISATA AIR TERJUN JANTUR DOYAM DI KABUPATEN BARITO UTARA
Authors: Irawati Gina Sonia , Naparin Muhammad , Indrayatie Eko Rini
Published: December 2024

North Barito Regency is known as one of the districts in Central Kalimantan Province with the capital being Muara Teweh. Jantur Doyam Waterfall is one of the leading tourist attractions in North Barito Regency which can be visited and is equipped with quite complete tourist facilities. However, this leading tourist attraction in North Barito Regency seems very empty of visitors because of the new tourist attractions which have created a desire to visit new places. Therefore, it is hoped that this research can show that effective marketing communications can help introduce tourism to visitors and good quality service can provide a satisfying experience, thereby creating top of mind Brand Awareness to increase the number of visits to the Jantur Doyam Waterfall tourist attraction. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of marketing communications on brand awareness at Jantur Doyam Waterfall tourism and to determine the effect of service quality on brand awareness at Jantur Doyam Waterfall tourism. This research was carried out at Jantur Doyam Waterfall which is located in Mukut Village, Lahei District, North Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The method used in this research is a quantitative method using interviews and using the Smart-PLS 3 application. From the results of this research it was found that marketing communication variables have a significant effect on brand awareness and service quality also has a significant effect on brand awareness because it has a P-value less than   0, 05.
STRATEGI PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK PENGUASAAN LAHAN DALAM KAWASAN HUTAN DI DESA SOLAN KECAMATAN JARO PADA WILAYAH KPH TABALONG
Authors: Ikhlas Muhammad Noor , Jauhari Ahmad , Suyanto Suyanto
Published: December 2024

The Permanent Production Forest (HP) area in the Tabalong Regency area has an area of ± 44,759 ha which is a forest area in the Tabalong KPH management area. The administrative designation of this Forest Area is in Solan Village, Jaro District. In this area there are problems related to conflicts over land use and claims in locations whose status is still production forest areas. The Solan Village area which is within the Permanent Production Forest (HP) area covers an area of 4,161.2731 ha. In some areas, the Solan Village community uses the area for housing, public facilities and plantations. The area of Solan Village which is outside the forest area is 87,377 ha. The results of the questionnaire showed that 50% of respondents were not aware of the government's determination of forest area status and the boundaries of forest areas in their area. The community considers that the land belongs to them because it has been owned for generations. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out mapping regarding area control conflicts and re-arrangement of forest area boundaries in the Tabalong KPH area which aims to inventory land control problems and community rights to forest areas as well as safeguard and protect designated forest areas. Socialization and the presence of officers are important components to bring awareness and understanding to the community about forests and forest areas, so that conflicts over control of forest areas can be eliminated.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN (HKm) DI KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI BARITO TENGAH
Authors: Mulkarim Muhammad Halim , Hafizianoor Hafizianoor , Kadir Syarifuddin
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to formulate a strategy for community forest management in the Central Barito Production Forest Management Unit. Data analysis used the SWOT formula with planning techniques to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a project. The research object is the Datah Berbuahl Forest Farmer Group in Sei Rahayu II Village with SK KTH SK.2580/MENLHK-PSKL/PKPS/PSL.0/4/2018 and the Karya Bersama Forest Farmer Group in Hajak Village with SK KTH SK.7132/MENLHK-PSKL/PKPS/PSL.0/4/2019. The selection of informants for interviews in the Focus Group Discussion was carried out deliberately to represent groups of community forest farmers who have influence in making group decisions and representatives of informants related institutions in community forestry programs, such as the KPHP Central Barito, NGOs/Customary Heads and Village Heads. The results of the SWOT matrix are built based on the results of an analysis of external and internal strategic factors, there are four main strategies, namely utilizing the availability of large enough land (SO), improving road access to the location of Forest Farmers Groups (WO), designating clear forest areas (ST) and increasing farmers' interest in managing Hkm (WT). The score calculation results on the matrix based on the EMP development strategy in North Barito Regency are in quadrant I (0.62; 0.29). Quadrant I (Strategy Aggressive), that is, with the strengths possessed by forest farmer groups, they must be able to take advantage of existing opportunities, while overcoming all weaknesses that arise and constitute a profitable situation, forest farmer groups have opportunities and strengths so that they can take advantage of existing opportunities.
Indonesian medicinal plants' therapeutic potential against dengue virus infection: A literature review
Authors: Kartika Aisya Alma Asmiranti , Dewi Beti Ernawati , Sudiro Tjahjani Mirawati
Published: December 2024

Infections caused by the dengue virus (DENV) exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to severe, and sometimes life-threatening, conditions. Therefore, identifying effective antivirals and anti-inflammatory agents is a promising strategy to reduce the impact of these infections. Indonesia, with its rich biodiversity, particularly in medicinal plants, offers potential sources for such treatments. Most research on DENV antivirals in Indonesia has been conducted in vitro and has predominantly focused on DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). However, in vivo research on medicinal plants, as well as studies on their anti-inflammatory properties, remains limited in Indonesia.Extracts that have been investigated in both in vivo and in vitro settings are limited to Cassia alata and Curcuma longa. Plants possessing antiviral properties originate from diverse botanical families, with leaves being the most utilized plant component. Flavonoids are found in most medicinal plants that have antiviral properties. Indonesia is known to have other natural compounds, including quercetin, isobutyl gallate, curcumin, and 6-gingerol, which have antiviral properties. Curcumin and 6-gingerol are the only natural compounds that have been subjected to testing against all four serotypes of dengue. This article provides a comprehensive review of medicinal plants in Indonesia, focusing specifically on their therapeutic potential against the dengue virus.
Mosquito control activities associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia: A literature review
Authors: Puspita Yashinta Dwi , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani , Darundiati Yusniar Hanani , Dewanti Nikie Astorina Yunita
Published: December 2024

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an endemic disease. It has become a public health concern. Mosquito control activities are needed to control vectors and prevent DHF. Therefore, we conduct a literature review of mosquito control activities associated with DHF in Indonesia. This study applies the selected articles using PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses), and they are sourced from Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, Ebscohost, and Portal Garuda. The criteria for the selected articles are full-text articles, published in 2015-2020, and those which are published in national journals SINTA 2 or international journals. This study reviewed 683 articles, out of which were selected for further examination. The key variables, such as draining water containers, covering water containers, burying and recycling used containers, using mosquito repellent, using larvacide , keeping larva-eating fish, having mosquito repellent plants, installing wire mesh on ventilation, showed significant correlation with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) incidence. Among the selected articles, 38.89% employed cross-sectional design, and the rest belonged to case-control studies. Most articles have variable draining water containers (55.56%), 50% covers water containers, 80% have a significant association between draining water containers and DHF incidence, and 66.67% have a significant association between covering water containers and DHF incidence. Most articles show that not implementing PSN (Pemberantasan sarang nyamuk) or PSN 3M (Pemberantasan sarang nyamuk, menguras, menutup, mengubur plus) is associated with the incidence of DHF and is a risk factor for the occurrence of DHF. On the other hand, the implementation of PSN or PSN 3M Plus will be a protective factor.
Visualization of bleeding site on 24-hour imaging in lower gastrointestinal bleeding with 99mTc-nanocolloid: A case report
Authors: Alyani Hilmi , Budiawan Hendra , Nugrahadi Trias
Published: December 2024

Gastrointestinal bleeding can be diagnosed by history taking, physical examination, and diagnostic examinations. However, localization of gastrointestinal bleeding via a nuclear medicine examination can indicate an accurate examination to detect the location of bleeding. Radiopharmaceuticals can be selected according to a patient’s condition. Good image results are needed so that the results are conclusive and lead to further examination and management. A 2-years-old girl patient was hospitalized in a paediatric ward due to a large number of loose stools mixed with fresh blood for months after experiencing diarrhoea. The patient was active, absence any decreased appetite, pain, activity disturbances, or significant weight loss . Her parents took her for treatment to several hospitals but no improvement. The patient was referred to the Nuclear Medicine Department to undergo localization of gastrointestinal bleeding study. 99mTc-nanocolloid was injected as radiopharmaceuticals, followed by a dynamic and serial static imaging after 30 minutes. No focus of radioactivity extravasation was found. Examination was continued at 1, 2, and 24 hours. Diffuse radioactivity extravasation was found in the descending colon 24 hours after injection of the radiopharmaceutical, and she was confirmed by colonoscopy and biopsy a week later. 99mTc-labeled colloid had not been used after a few studies showed that 99mTc-red blood cell (RBC) in vitro was better at localizing gastrointestinal bleeding. Usually, 99mTc-labeled colloid remains in circulation for only 30 minutes due to rapid distribution to the reticuloendothelial system. The visualization of the bleeding site on 24-hour imaging was unusual. However, these findings suggest that 99mTc-labeled colloid can still be used with due regard to the patient's clinical active bleeding and imaging techniques.
The diagnostic challenge of orbital tuberculosis in an otherwise healthy individual: A case report
Authors: Kartiwa Raden Angga , Elsyanty Firda Muthia , Setiawan Grace , Dewi Niluh Putu Ayu , Boesoirie Shanti Fitrianti , Dahlan Mohammad Rinaldi
Published: December 2024

Ocular tuberculosis occurs in 1.5-18% of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases, with orbital tuberculosis being a very small proportion of all cases of ocular tuberculosis. High variability of manifestations of orbital tuberculosis may result in delayed diagnosis. Children are the populations most affected by this disease. This study aims to report a case of orbital tuberculosis in a patient without systemic tuberculosis symptoms. We presents a 13-year-old girl who is reported protrusion of the right eye for four months. She complained diplopia and pain in the right eye radiating to the head. She reported no other systemic symptoms. Ophthalmological examination revealed that her best corrected visual acuity of the right eye was 0.25, and the left eye was 1.0. The movement of the right eye was limited to the superior, temporal, and nasal directions. Anterior segment examinations demonstrated proptosis of the right eye with 3 mm of lagophthalmos. The patient then underwent an orbitotomy and biopsy procedure. Histopathological analysis revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with Langerhans cells, indicative of tuberculosis. The patient was diagnosed with proptosis of the right eye and multiple cranial nerve palsy due to orbital tuberculosis. The patient was subsequently prescribed an antituberculosis treatment and attended regular monthly follow-ups. Ten months after surgery and completed antituberculosis treatment, the proptosis improves and there is no further growth of the mass. Orbital tuberculosis is a rare condition and is often challenging to diagnose, particularly in healthy individuals. Thorough history taking, physical examination, and ancillary testing are essential to establish an accurate diagnosis. This case emphasizes the necessity for heightened suspicion of tuberculosis in atypical presentations, particularly in pediatric patients in endemic areas, to prevent morbidity and ensure timely treatment.
Navigating risk factors and interventions on early-onset attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A case report
Authors: Tristan Christopher Daniel , Rahman Awalil Rifqi Kurnia , Kurniawan Avenetus Immanuel Gifta , Anggriawan Fatkan Hidayat , Bangun Susi Rutmalem
Published: December 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental illness primarily affecting children. The peak onset age for ADHD is around 7.5 years with early-onset ADHD linked with worse clinical outcomes if not properly managed. We reported a 3-year-old girl presented with symptoms including self-harm, aggression toward her sibling and peers, hyperactivity, inability to focus, and distractibility. The patient had a history of post-term birth and oligohydramnios, and her symptoms were exacerbated by reduced maternal care, limited parental care, and inconsistent-lacked firmness parenting style. A multiaxial evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of ADHD, supported by Skala Penilaian Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif Indonesia (SPPAHI) score. The patient received a comprehensive non-pharmacological intervention, including applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy with a discrete trial training (DTT) approach, family therapy to address parenting dynamics, and occupational and speech therapy to target fine motor and language delay. At 6-month follow-up, significant improvements were observed in behavior, attention, and total quality of life. This case highlights the complex interplay of genetic disorders, maternal stress, post-term birth, pregnancy-related complications, and problematic family dynamics in early-onset ADHD. Therapeutic management in early-onset ADHD must emphasize behavioral and family-focused therapies with DTT and family therapy proving effectiveness, while pharmacological treatment is considered as a last resort.
Eye yoga exercises to reduce eye fatigue syndrome during online learning
Authors: Wilandika Angga , Fatmawati Ariani , Padhli Fikri Nurul , Lusiani Eli , Amalia Maya
Published: December 2024

Background: Eye fatigue syndrome increases as students use computers and smartphones during online learning. Interventions to reduce the eye fatigue syndrome and avoid the severity of its symptoms need to be performed with appropriate and easy-to-practice techniques.Objective: This study aims to determine effects of eye yoga exercises on eye fatigue syndrome in students during online learning. Methods: This study applied one group pretest-post-test design involving 30 students from Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. Its samples were collected by using a proportional stratified random sampling. The eye yoga exercises were practiced four times for one week and had to begin 30 minutes after the end of online learning. The eye fatigue syndrome was measured using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). The difference in the intervention effect was calculated by using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results: This study revealed that the yoga eye exercises significantly affected the eye fatigue syndrome (Z= -4.636; p-value < 0.05). The average eye fatigue score decreased; the eye fatigue score before the intervention was 14.40 ± 9.17, and it decreased to 9.17 ± 4.88 after the eye yoga exercise intervention was given.Conclusion: Eye yoga exercises can reduce the level of eye fatigue syndrome in students who are learning by using electronic devices. The exercises can be performed independently to reduce this syndrome when working with a computer or smartphone. This intervention can be a standard for preventing the syndrome in educational institutions by incorporating eye yoga exercises after learning activities, particularly in online learning.
Comparison of lipid-lactate levels between brain abscesses and brain tumors through magnetic resonance spectroscopy examination
Authors: Syafa Nahdah Ardelia , Fatmawati Heni , Putri Komang Yunita Wiryaning , Hairrudin  , Adji Novan Krisno
Published: December 2024

Background: Intracranial masses are masses found in the intracranial space, such as brain abscesses and brain tumors. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) examination is a noninvasive examination procedure with magnetic resonance regarding chemical composition or metabolites. One of the metabolites examined in MRS is lipid-lactate which will appear or increase if there are certain abnormalities such as in abscesses and brain tumors.Objective: This study analyzed the difference in lipid-lactate levels between brain abscess and brain tumor through MRS examination.Methods: This research adopted an observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional design. Samples in this study were brain abscess and brain tumor patients examined using MRI and MRS at Siloam Jember Hospital from June 2018 to October 2023. The sampling method employed encompassed a total sampling of 45 patients with 15 brain abscesses and 30 brain tumors. Results: The results of this study showed that the lipid-lactate levels of all brain abscess patients increased by 15 patients (100%), while in brain tumors, lipid-lactate levels increased by 19 patients (63.3%) and decreased by 11 patients (36.7%). The mean rank of lipid-lactate levels in brain abscesses was 14101,93 while in brain tumors was 6220,69. The statistical analysis results using the Mann-Whitney comparison test obtained a p-value of 0.008 (<0.05), meaning there is a significant difference.Conclusion: There is a significant difference in lipid-lactate levels in brain abscesses and brain tumors.
A intenção das bibliotecas e dos livros escolares na legislação educacional do Período Imperial e da Primeira República de Mato Grosso
Authors: Marques Marillicy Pereira , Luz Joel Martins , Gusmão Alexandre Oliveira de Meira
Published: December 2024

Este documento é uma compilação da primeira fase do projeto maior intitulado “Culturas, materialidades e acervos escolares: produção e circulação de livros e práticas de leitura em Mato Grosso, Império e Primeira República” (Projeto de Pesquisa/PROPGP/UFR Nº 925/2023), que busca mapear a circulação de livros e a instituição de bibliotecas escolares em Mato Grosso, no período elegido. Este recorte buscou mapear como o tema em questão é intencionado na legislação educacional. Para isso, numa perspectiva das culturas escolares que entende a legislação como intenção das práticas socialmente construídas, foi preciso percorrer documentos oficiais, como leis, regimentos e regulamentos preservados em arquivos, já inventariados em bases de dados eletrônicas ou publicadas. O mapeamento localizou 10 (dez) documentos do Período Imperial e 7 (sete) do Período Republicano. Em síntese, as intenções políticas de circulação de livros e a instituição de bibliotecas escolares surgiram a partir de 1837, quando se percebe o favorecimento, pela legislação, da circulação de livros e compêndios e a criação de lugares de leitura no interior das instituições, para o ensino de leitura e escrita nas escolas de instrução primária. A representação da biblioteca moderna, com suas práticas de organização e controle da circulação de livros e sujeitos, surgiu somente na República, com a reforma do ensino de 1896.
Laboratory-scale biogas production from vegetable juice waste using an IC reactor
Authors: Vongvisith Boualy , Liang Chengyue , Wang Changmei , Yin Fang , Wu Kai , Yang Bin , Liu Jing , Yang Hong , Zhang Wudi
Published: December 2024

This investigation aimed to assess the performance of an internal circulation (IC) reactor in converting vegetable juice waste (VJW) into biogas and evaluating its methane content. The experiment involved collecting different types of leafy vegetable waste from a market in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province. The experimental procedure was divided into five phases based on organic loading rates (OLRs) of 1.4, 2.2, 4.4, 8.4, and 17.6 g COD/L.d, with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 6, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 days, respectively. The experimental results showed that the biogas production rate was 2.6 L/d, and 66% methane content was achieved when the OLR was 1.4 g COD/L.d and the HRT was six days. The average daily biogas production and methane content were 3.72 L and 66%, respectively, with volumetric biogas and methane production rates of 1.4 and 0.93 L/L.d. The biogas production yield was higher in phase I, with a higher methane content. The variation in the methane content of the biogas generated remained constant between 66% and 69%. The efficiency of the IC reactor was reflected in the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration reduction and the percentage of COD removal efficiency. The highest COD removal, 94%, occurred in phase I, with an OLR of 1.4 gCOD/L.d and an HRT of 6 days, compared to other phases. However, during the operation of the IC reactor, even with a decrease in the HRT, the system did not overload. The IC reactor system was found to be efficient in biogas production from VJW and wastewater treatment waste both currently and in the future.
To the construction within the framework of extended irreversible thermodynamics of relativistic hydrodynamic equations in curved spacetime
Authors: Kolesnichenko Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: December 2024

We present a procedure for the derivation, within the framework of the relativistic version of the extended irreversible thermodynamics, of the system of hyperbolic hydrodynamic equations for non-ideal cosmological fluids written in abstract geometric form. The above procedure, which serves as a link between the non-gravitational laws of physics and gravitation, is based on Einstein's equivalence principle, which guarantees that the laws of physics represented in abstract geometric form have the same form in both flat and curved spacetime. The paper demonstrates a relativistic approach to the derivation of the hydrodynamic equations both on the basis of classical nonequilibrium thermodynamics (first-order theory) and on the basis of extended irreversible thermodynamics (second-order theory).
The relativistic formulation has, in addition to its purely conceptual significance, also an applied significance, since it has its applications in such important fields of knowledge as nuclear physics, astrophysics and cosmology. In particular, in viscous cosmological models, bulk viscosity acts as a cause of dissipation, which has a significant impact on the dynamical processes in the Universe.
Takaful as a Mechanism for Protecting Unsecured Creditors: Legal and Operational Considerations in Malaysia
Authors: Shafiee Hazrai Afizi Che Haron , Abd Aziz Hartinie , Abd Ghadas Zuhairah Ariff , Remli Norizan , Abdullah Nurhidayah
Published: December 2024

In the mandatory winding-up procedure, all payments must be prioritised before disbursements to unsecured creditors, as the Malaysia Companies Act 2016 stipulated. Unsecured creditors, positioned lower in the hierarchy of creditors, may not recover the funds owed to them from the company's liabilities, resulting in financial hardship for these creditors. All unsecured creditors must demonstrate their claims following the issuance of the winding-up order. Nonetheless, the existence of debt evidence does not guarantee payment if the corporation lacks sufficient assets to satisfy unsecured creditors after addressing secured and preferential creditors. This article seeks to investigate the rights of the unsecured creditors during winding up and to analyse the possibility of establishing a new mechanism, specifically takaful (Islamic insurance), to protect the unsecured creditors during winding up. This study adopts a qualitative approach, employing doctrinal analysis and interviews with industrial stakeholders. This article highlights the need to implement takaful as a potential solution for unsecured creditors to recover their debt if the company is wound up
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF PARTS VEHICLES
Authors: Zhovtobryukh Valeriy Oleksiyovich , Novikov Fedir Vasilivyth
Published: December 2024

The work theoretically substantiates the conditions for reducing the conditional cutting stress (energy intensity of processing) during grinding and blade processing of parts of transport machines, taking into account the angle of entry of the cutting tool into the processed material. It is shown that under the conditions of grinding, they consist in the change of the shape of microsections by cutting grains: the transition from counter grinding by the periphery of the wheel to the kinematic schemes of end and parallel grinding by the periphery of the wheel, the reduction of the intensity of friction of the cutting grain with the processed material and the negative front angle of the cutting material. In terms of blade processing, they consist in the application of tangential turning, parallel milling, especially with an end mill. The existence of the extremum (maximum) of the conditional cutting stress from the sum of the conditional friction angle of the cutting grain with the processed material and the negative front angle of the cutting grain has been proved. The ranges of change of this amount are determined, at which the conditional cutting stress becomes the smallest. It is shown that the nature of the change in the conditional cutting stress is determined by the change in the conditional shear angle of the processed material. It was established that infinite values of conditional cutting stress are achieved under the condition of equality of the conditional shear angle of the processed material and the angle of entry of the cutting tool into the processed material. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the conditional shear angle of the processed material by reducing the intensity of friction in the cutting zone and the negative front angle of the cutting tool. The conditions for increasing the efficiency of blade processing by increasing the ratio of the tangential and radial components of the cutting force, as well as the ratio of the slice thickness to the radius of rounding of the cutting tool tip, which consist in reducing the friction in the cutting zone and the front angle of the cutting tool, have been theoretically determined. The introduction at the machine-building enterprise of high-speed cutting technologies with progressive cutting carbide tools with wear-resistant coatings of the TaeguTec company with the use of high-speed CNC metal cutting machines of the "machining center" type made it possible to increase the efficiency of processing the complex profile surfaces of the "Cup of the wheel differential".
INFLUENCE OF SHORT-PULSE LASER RADIATION ON THE SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURES FORMATION AND HARDNESS OF STAINLESS STEEL
Authors: Dobrotvorskiy Sergey , Basova Yevheniia , Aleksenko Borys , Prykhodko Vadym , Dobrovolska Ludmila , Basov Viktor
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with the issues related to the technology of short-pulse laser treatment of AISI321 steel. The object of the study is the surface structures formed after short-pulse exposure to a nanosecond laser, as well as their physical and mechanical characteristics. The subject of the study in the work are the processes of formation of periodic surface structures after short-pulse laser exposure.
The assumption about correlation of the character of formation of structural transformations in the surface layer of the processed material during the process of laser exposure with low intensity of laser radiation, and traditional heating cooling was formed.
It is noted that when the corresponding critical irradiation conditions (irradiation power, heating and cooling rates, strain gradient, etc.) are reached, laser hardening of austenitic steel with hardness increase, i.e. quenching, occurs.
It is emphasised that short-pulse laser exposure at low laser powers causes such processes in the surface layer of AISI321 stainless steel, which mainly prevent the deposition of chromium carbide and do not strengthen the material, and the absorbed laser energy is still insufficient to significantly create martensitic structures. It is also emphasised that the repeated short-term superposition of heat spots repeatedly crossing each other results in an increase in the thermal deformation of the material and, as a result, stronger crystal structures such as martensite, carbides and oxides are formed in the surface layer.
DEVELOPMENT OF ADJUSTABLE TAPERED AEROSTATIC BEARINGS FOR NON-CONTACT DIRECT MACHINE DRIVES
Authors: Breshev Oleksii , Nosko Pavlo , Bashta Oleksandr , Radko Maksym
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to making adjustable conical air bearings. Its application in different machines allows increase load capacity and reliability, speed extension, reduce mass, overall dimensions and air consumption, secure stable rotary motion in speed wide range due to adjustment of static and dynamic characteristics of direct drives. Mathematical models of single-support and multi-support systems have been designed for study of its characteristics and efficiency of suggested improvements. Function relations between structural, functional, geometric parameters of conical aerostatic systems have been theoretically determined for adjustable air gap that allows change load capacity and dynamic characteristics of non-contact direct drives. Method of parametric conversion of conical bearings to radial and thrust bearings has been suggested. It gives analytical solution of non-contact drive static characteristics. Analytical stability criterion of rotor of single-support system has been determined. Working capacity conditions have been analytically obtained from mass and inertial properties, parameters and characteristics of air-bearing direct drive.
Adjustable conical air-bearing pneumatic spindle has been manufactured. Experimental set-up and experimental technique have been designed for validation theoretical results. Design procedure of air-bearing non-contact drives has been engineered. Algorithm of numerical experiment of static characteristics and dynamic properties has been engineered for design decision verification.
BASIC APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OF LIGHTLY ARMORED VEHICLES BY SUBSTANTIATING THE STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS OF ARMORED HULLS BY DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Grabovskiy Andrey , Tkachuk Mykola M. , Vasyliev Anton , Tkachuk Mykola A. , Sierykov Volodymyr , Trotsenko Volodymyr , Nabokov Anatoliy , Solovei Vadim
Published: December 2024

Domestic lightly armored vehicles and robotic combat platforms based on them, as the experience of combat operations against the aggressor country shows, are subjected to intense dynamic loads that tend to grow constantly. This makes it necessary to pay attention to ensuring more rigid dynamic characteristics of the armored hulls of these vehicles as their main power and protective elements. In turn, this ensures the durability, protection, and accuracy of fire from their own weapons. To this end, parametric models and methods are being developed, and research is being conducted to substantiate the structure and parameters of the armor hulls of lightly armored vehicles and robotic combat platforms based on them, which ensure their strength, protection, and accuracy of fire. To this end, fundamentally new approaches to the analysis and synthesis of eigenfrequency spectra and waveforms of complex mechanical systems are being developed based on the improvement of the Rayleigh's variational principle. The substantiated technical solutions are implemented in the modernization of armored hulls of domestic vehicles and robotic combat platforms based on them, etc. Such knowledge and methods have, on the one hand, a fundamental nature, and, on the other hand, direct application in the field of armaments and military equipment. In addition, such knowledge is applicable to the development of new machines, equipment and devices for the energy industry, transport, technological equipment, etc. At the same time, new non-traditional materials, strengthening technologies and composite structures are naturally taken into account, used and substantiated. Accordingly, these knowledge, methods, and technologies are the basis for substantiating progressive scientific and technical solutions.