bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Oxidation Resistance of Cobalt-Based Superalloys
Authors: Moffat James P. , Whitfield Tamsin E. , Christofidou Katerina A. , Pickering Ed J. , Jones Nicholas G. , Stone Howard J.
Published: February 2020

Degradation of the mechanical integrity of cobalt-based superalloys can occur as the carbide network is progressively oxidised during high temperature service. In this study, a heat-treatment aimed at redistributing the carbides was tested on two similar commercial Co-based superalloys, one with high C content (Co-101) and one with low C content (Stellite-21), to determine its influence on oxidation resistance. It was found that the carbide phases in the lower C-containing alloy could be solutioned more readily than the higher C-containing alloy, enabling the continuity of the carbide network to be reduced. This resulted in a reduced attack of the carbides down the interdendritic channels during oxidation testing, but increased thickness of the oxide overscale.
Propolis Affects Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth, Biofilm Formation, eDNA Release and Phenazine Production: Potential Involvement of Polyphenols
Authors: Meto Aida , Colombari Bruna , Meto Agron , Boaretto Giorgia , Pinetti Diego , Marchetti Lucia , Benvenuti Stefania , Pellati Federica , Blasi Elisabetta
Published: February 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical conditions, from mild infections to life-threatening nosocomial biofilm-associated diseases, which are particularly severe in susceptible individuals. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of an Albanian propolis on several virulence-related factors of P. aeruginosa, such as growth ability, biofilm formation, extracellular DNA (eDNA) release and phenazine production. To this end, propolis was processed using three different solvents and the extracted polyphenolic compounds were identified by means of high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis. As assessed by a bioluminescence-based assay, among the three propolis extracts, the ethanol (EtOH) extract was the most effective in inhibiting both microbial growth and biofilm formation, followed by propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) propolis extracts. Furthermore, Pseudomonas exposure to propolis EtOH extract caused a decrease in eDNA release and phenazine production. Finally, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and quercetin decreased upon propolis EtOH extract exposure to bacteria. Overall, our data add new insights on the anti-microbial properties of a natural compound, such as propolis against P. aeruginosa. The potential implications of these findings will be discussed.
Density of NaAlSi2O6 Melt at High Pressure and Temperature Measured by In-Situ X-ray Microtomography
Authors: Xu Man , Jing Zhicheng , Van Orman James A. , Yu Tony , Wang Yanbin
Published: February 2020

In this study, the volumetric compression of jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) melt at high pressures was determined by three-dimensional volume imaging using the synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography technique in a rotation-anvil device. Combined with the sample mass, measured using a high-precision analytical balance prior to the high-pressure experiment, the density of jadeite melt was obtained at high pressures and high temperatures up to 4.8 GPa and 1955 K. The density data were fitted to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, resulting in a best-fit isothermal bulk modulus K T 0 of 10.8 − 5.3 + 1.9 GPa and its pressure derivative K T 0 ′ of 3.4 − 0.4 + 6.6 . Comparison with data for silicate melts of various compositions from the literature shows that alkali-rich, polymerized melts are generally more compressible than alkali-poor, depolymerized ones. The high compressibility of jadeite melt at high pressures implies that polymerized sodium aluminosilicate melts, if generated by low-degree partial melting of mantle peridotite at ~250–400 km depth in the deep upper mantle, are likely denser than surrounding mantle materials, and thus gravitationally stable.
Effect of Crystal Chemistry Properties on the Distribution Characteristics of H2O and Na+ in Na-Montmorillonite Interlayer Space: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Qiu Jun , Liu Dongliang , Jiang Shan , Chen Guowei , Wang Yueting , Li Guoqing , Yao Geng , Wu Peng , Zhu Xiangnan , Wang Guifang , Lyu Xianjun
Published: February 2020

At monolayer hydration state, the spatial distribution of H2O and Na+ in the interlayer of Na-montmorillonite (Na-MT) with different crystal chemistry properties was investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation method. The simulation results show that when layer charge density increases, H2O will move and form hydrogen bonds with O in tetrahedral surfaces (Ot) at a distance of 1.676 ± 0.043 Å. The impact of isomorphic substitution on the relative concentration of H2O depends largely on the layer charge density of Na-MT, when layer charge density is high, H2O move obviously to both sides of Na-MT sheets with the increase of octahedral substitution ratio. Nevertheless, Na+ coordinate with Ot at a distance of 2.38 Å, and the effect of isomorphic substitution ratio on the diffusion of Na+ is opposite to that of H2O. The mobility of both H2O and Na+ decreases with the increase of layer charge density or tetrahedral substitution ratio. The radial distribution function of Na-Ow (O in H2O) shows that the coordination strength between Na+ and Ow decreases with the increase of layer charge density or tetrahedral substitution ratio, and Na+ are hydrated by four H2O at a Van der Waals radius of 2.386 ± 0.004 Å. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient application of Na-MT at the molecular and atomic levels.
Eco-Friendly Sustainable Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Yahaya Pudza Musa , Zainal Abidin Zurina , Abdul Rashid Suraya , Md Yasin Faizah , Noor A. S. M. , Issa Mohammed A.
Published: February 2020

The materials and substances required for sustainable water treatment by adsorption technique, are still being researched widely by distinguished classes of researchers. Thus, the need to synthesize substances that can effectively clean up pollutants from the environment cannot be overemphasized. So far, materials in bulk forms that are rich in carbon, such as biochar and varieties of activated carbon have been used for various adsorptive purposes. The use of bulk materials for such purposes are not efficient due to minimal surface areas available for adsorption. This study explores the adsorption task at nano dimension using carbon dots (CDs) from tapioca. The properties of carbon structure and its influence on the adsorptive efficacy of carbon nanoparticles were investigated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HrTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results implied carbon present in CDs are good adsorbents for effective adsorption of heavy metal ions (lead) with removal efficiency of 80.6% in aqueous environment. The adsorption process as explored by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have proven favorability of the adsorption process. Langmuir form two and three have correlation coefficients R2 at 0.9922 and 0.9912, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm confirms CDs as having defined surface heterogeneity and the exponential distribution of active sites. The adsorption of lead unto CDs obeyed the second order kinetic model with coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.9668 and 0.9996 at an initial lead concentration of 20 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. The findings validated the efficiency of CDs derived from tapioca as an excellent material for further utilization in the environmental fields of wastewater pollution detection and clean up, bio-imaging, and chemical sensing applications.
Fabrication of Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Process-Assisted Fisetin-Encapsulated Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) (PVP) Nanocomposites for Improved Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Lin-Fei , Xu Pei-Yao , Fu Chao-Ping , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Chen Ai-Zheng , Wang Shi-Bin
Published: February 2020

Due to its hydrophobicity, fisetin (FIS) often suffers from several limitations in terms of its applicability during the fabrication of pharmaceutical formulations. To overcome this intrinsic limitation of hydrophobicity, we demonstrate here the generation of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-encapsulated FIS nanoparticles (FIS-PVP NPs) utilizing a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method to enhance its aqueous solubility and substantial therapeutic effects. In this context, the effects of various processing and formulation parameters, including the solvent/antisolvent ratio, drug/polymer (FIS/PVP) mass ratio, and solution flow rate, on the eventual particle size as well as on distribution were investigated using a 23 factorial experimental design. Notably, the FIS/PVP mass ratio significantly affected the morphological attributes of the resultant particles. Initially, the designed constructs were characterized systematically using various techniques (e.g., chemical functionalities were examined with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and physical states were examined with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques). In addition, drug release as well as cytotoxicity evaluations in vitro indicated that the nanosized polymer-coated particles showed augmented performance efficiency compared to the free drug, which was attributable to the improvement in the dissolution rate of the FIS-PVP NPs due to their small size, facilitating a higher surface area over the raw form of FIS. Our findings show that the designed SAS process-assisted nanoconstructs with augmented bioavailability, have great potential for applications in pharmaceutics.
Analytic Properties of Triangle Feynman Diagrams in Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Melikhov Dmitri
Published: February 2020

We discuss dispersion representations for the triangle diagram F ( q 2 , p 1 2 , p 2 2 ) , the single dispersion representation in q 2 and the double dispersion representation in p 1 2 and p 2 2 , with special emphasis on the appearance of the anomalous singularities and the anomalous cuts in these representations.
Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiates Antibiofilm Activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Siddhardha Busi , Pandey Uday , Kaviyarasu K. , Pala Rajasekharreddy , Syed Asad , Bahkali Ali , Elgorban Abdallah
Published: February 2020

The application of nanotechnology in medicine is gaining popularity due to its ability to increase the bioavailability and biosorption of numerous drugs. Chrysin, a flavone constituent of Orocylumineicum vent is well-reported for its biological properties. However, its therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, chrysin was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles using TPP as a linker. The nanoparticles were characterized and investigated for their anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. At sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, the nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anti-biofilm efficacy against S. aureus as compared to its bulk counterparts, chrysin and chitosan. The decrease in the cell surface hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production indicated the inhibitory effect of the nanoparticles on the initial stages of biofilm development. The growth curve analysis revealed that at a sub-MIC, the nanoparticles did not exert a bactericidal effect against S. aureus. The findings indicated the anti-biofilm activity of the chrysin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their potential application in combating infections associated with S. aureus.
Injuries in Novice Participants during an Eight-Week Start up CrossFit Program—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Larsen Rasmus Tolstrup , Hessner Andreas Lund , Ishøi Lasse , Langberg Henning , Christensen Jan
Published: February 2020

Background: Previously published studies have reported injury rates ranging from 0.74 to 3.3 per 1000 h of exposure in CrossFit participants. However, the existing body of evidence is mainly based on experienced participants; therefore, the injury incidence and injury rate within novice CrossFit participants remains relatively unknown. The aim of this study wasto investigate the injury incidence and injury rate among novice participants in an eight-week CrossFit program. Methods: This survey-based prospective cohort study included CrossFit Copenhagen’s novice members who began an eight-week, free-of-charge membership period. A questionnaire was distributed at baseline and at eight-week follow-up. Information about exposure was retrieved through the online booking system. Injury incidence, defined as proportion of participants who sustained an injury, and injury rates per 1000 h of exposure were calculated. Results: Among the 168 included participants, a total of 28 injuries (14.9%) were reported. The number of injured participants and total exposure time resulted in an injury rate per 1000 h of exposure of 9.5. Conclusions: Compared to the existing body of evidence, the findings in this study indicate that the risk of injuries is higher among novice participants than among experienced CrossFit participants.
Aprepitant, a novel neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist in management of chemotherapy induces nausea vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients
Authors: Robin George  , E. Sunil Kumar  , Kondi Charitha Reddy  , Shaik Habeebjan
Published: February 2020

Nausea and emesis are two major concerns for patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. The 5HT3 receptors antagonist ondansetron is the major factor for preventing and treatment for CINV either alone or often is combination with dexamethasone. Even these treatment options exist, CINV remind as major adverse event for all chemotherapeutic agents. The adverse events have major impact on patients quality of life and compliance with treatment. Aprepitant, a novel neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonist has been introduced as a new class of drug to prevent CINV. Many trials and studies reveals that comparison of aprepitant to the standard ondansetron and dexamethasone is superior in protecting against CINV. Here this study evaluate and reveals the use and benefits of aprepitant in the management of CINV.
Prevalência e resistência a antibióticos de Stenotrophomonas maltophilia em amostras clínicas: estudo epidemiológico de 10 anos
Authors: Dias Vanessa Cordeiro , Netto Bastos Andre , Gomes Cotta Robert , Villela Bastos Ricardo , Quinet de Andrade Bastos Victor , Quinet de Andrade Bastos Lucas
Published: February 2020

Introdução: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia é um patógeno oportunista emergente, associado, principalmente, a infecções nosocomiais. As opções terapêuticas para o tratamento de infecções por S. maltophilia são limitadas, devido a sua resistência a uma grande variedade de antibióticos.Objetivo: investigar a prevalência e a resistência aos antibióticos de isolados identificados como S. maltophilia, a partir de pacientes hospitalizados, recuperados em um laboratório clínico, localizado em Juiz de Fora – Minas Gerais, bem como analisar dados epidemiológicos destes pacientes.Materiais e Métodos: Isolados consecutivos, não duplicados de S. maltophilia (n=58),referentes ao período de 10 anos foram analisados. Todas as amostras foram identificadas utilizando o sistema automatizado Vitek 2® Compact (BioMérieux/França). Os padrões de resistência aos antibióticos foram realizados utilizando o método de disco difusão. Os prontuários dos pacientes foram avaliados e dados como idade, sexo, espécime clínico, bem como índice de óbito intra-hospitalar atribuído à infecção por S. maltophilia foi igualmente analisado. Resultados: De um total de 39.547 (100%) espécimes clínicos analisados, 58 (0,14%) isolados não replicados foram identificados como S. maltophilia. 70,6% dos isolados de S. maltophilia foram isolados de secreção traqueal e 15,5% de sangue.Todas as amostras foram sensíveis, in vitro, aos antibióticos testados.Frequência de óbito intra-hospitalar associado à infecção por S. maltophilia foi de 44,7%. Indivíduos de ampla faixa etária (0-100 anos) foram acometidos por infecção por S. maltophilia, sendo o sexo feminino o mais prevalente (56,9%). Conclusão: Pneumonia e bacteremia foram as síndromes clínicas mais frequentes causadas por S. maltophila. Constatou-se moderada taxa de mortalidade associada a infecções por S. maltophilia, apesar da alta sensibilidade in vitro aos antibióticos testados. Novos trabalhos se fazem necessários, a fim de gerar dados e informações que possam ser úteis no diagnóstico precoce, manejo e tratamento correto de infecções associadas a S. maltophilia, em especial aquelas com perfil de resistência aos antibóticos.
Frequência de consumo de alimentos fonte de ferro entre crianças de 6 a 59 meses atendidas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família
Authors: Alvares da Silva Clarice Lima , Ferreira Mariany Cristine Peres , Pires Pollyanna Costa Cardoso , Ribeiro Raquel Tognon
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A introdução da alimentação complementar de forma adequada e a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis são grandes desafios no Brasil, onde muitos alimentos importantes para o desenvolvimento das crianças não lhe são ofertados devido a crenças, tabus e culturas regionais, bem como acesso e disponibilidade. Alguns desses alimentos atuam diretamente na prevenção da anemia ferropriva, como carnes e vísceras, folhas verdes em geral, feijões e gema de ovo. Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência de consumo de alimentos fonte de ferro entre crianças de 6 a 59 meses cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 256 crianças de 6 a 59 meses cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município no interior do estado de Minas Gerais. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado sobre condições de vida e saúde e frequência alimentar e avaliaram-se dados antropométricos. Utilizaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney e qui-quadrado de Pearson na comparação dos resultados segundo faixa etária da criança, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Os alimentos fonte de ferro mais consumidos foram feijões (79,7%), produtos de padaria (78,9%) e farinhas infantis (29,9%), sendo o consumo dos outros nove alimentos avaliados classificados como raro. Crianças mais velhas apresentaram maior frequência de consumo para vegetais folhosos, carnes vermelhas, aves e ovos, sendo que nas crianças com menos de 24 meses as fórmulas lácteas apresentaram maior frequência, demonstrando introdução tardia dos alimentos fonte de ferro. Conclusão: Foi identificada baixa frequência de consumo dos alimentos fonte de ferro pelas crianças, oportunizando a carência nutricional de ferro, reforçando a importância da orientação da família quanto à diversificação da alimentação da criança de forma a contribuir para a promoção de saúde e prevenção de deficiências como a de ferro.
Efeito da suplementação de ômega 3 isolado ou associado em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica
Authors: Rosiak Gonzaga dos Santos Christianne , De Souza Cardoso Camila Kellen
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O envelhecimento da população está associado ao aumento da incidência da doença de Alzheimer (DA), a qual causa graves complicações ao paciente. Os nutrientes imunomoduladores, como os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFAs) da série ômega 3 (w-3) podem auxiliar na melhora do quadro clínico da DA. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da suplementação de PUFAs w-3 isolado ou associado na população idosa com DA. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura científica nas bases de dados Pubmed e Science Direct, que englobou ensaios clínicos em idosos com provável e/ou comprovado diagnóstico de DA e suplementados com PUFAS w-3 isolado ou associado, no idioma inglês e com os seguintes descritores em saúde (DECs): brain, Alzheimer’s disease, fatty docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), older and elderly people e termo de pesquisa: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). O recorte temporal das publicações foi delimitado de 2006 a 2017. Resultados: foram selecionados 10 ensaios clínicos, cuja suplementação de w-3 favoreceu menor declínio no score de miniexame de estado mental (MEEM), retardo da disfunção, melhora no domínio de agitação do inventário neuropsiquiátrico (NPI) e melhora dos sintomas depressivos pela Escala de Depressão de Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS). Foram observadas mudanças significativas como aumento de apetite, peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC), EPA e DHA, além de reduções nos níveis séricos de albumina, ácido araquidônico (AA), ácido mirístico, interleucina-6 (IL- 6), interleucina 1 ß (IL-1ß) e fator estimulante de colônias de granulócitos (G-CSF) e redução na liberação de prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α). Foram relatadas alterações positivas em alguns genes e em outros, redução de sua expressão, além de hipometilação de importantes genes. Conclusão: A suplementação de PUFAs w-3 exerceu efeito positivo em pacientes com DA grau leve a moderado.
Violência obstétrica: percepções de enfermeiros obstétricos em uma maternidade de Minas Gerais
Authors: Lima Miranda Flávia , Sereno Velloso Geisa , De Oliveira Lima Patrícia , Corrêa Rangel Sirleide , Fernandes de Almeida Herlon , Pimenta Pinheiro Marcos Luciano , Neves Vieira Costa Leticia
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A violência apresenta várias faces e há um tipo que vem ganhando visibilidade dentro das maternidades: a violência obstétrica. Objetivo: Identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros obstétricos acerca da violência obstétrica . Material e métodos : Estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma maternidade filantrópica de Belo Horizonte. Os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro/2015 a fevereiro/2015, por meio de entrevista do tipo semi-estruturada com 16 enfermeiras obstétricas que atuavam há um ano ou mais na referida maternidade e analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias temáticas, sendo elas:   enfermeiros obstétricos, que aponta violências praticadas por outros profissionais, principalmente pelo médico obstetra, como também reconhecem situações de violência obstétrica na sua prática profissional. Conclusão : É necessário a percepção da violência obstétrica e o reconhecimento da violência obstétrica por parte dos enfermeiros obstétricos na sua prática profissional, pois uma das iniciativas relacionadas a humanização da assistência obstétrica é o novo modelo de assistência ao parto e nascimento que fundamenta-se na atenção prestada por este profissional.
Le Malicieux : un aspect traditionnel du serviteur shakespearien
Authors: Peyré Yves
Published: February 2020

Cet article propose une «situation» du serviteur shakespearien, surtout par rapport à l’esclave de la nouvelle comédie de Plaute et de Térence ; tente de montrer qu’il rappelle le servus moins dans son habileté à fomenter des intrigues contre le senex que dans la malice taquine qui marque ses rapports avec l'adulescens ; ébauche une esquisse de l’emploi que fait le dramaturge de la tradition littéraire et des transformations que subit celle-ci ; et déterminant la place du «malicieux» dans l’œuvre de Shakespeare, présente quelques suggestions sur sa signification.
Le millénarisme de Handsome Lake
Authors: Rigal-Cellard Bernadette
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on the experience of Handsome Lake, one of the most interesting prophets of North America Native millenarianism, and his cult, founded in 1799 and still practised today among the Iroquois. His Code is the Scripture of a syncretic religion of adjustment to the new conditions imposed by colonisation and the American revolution. This messianic cult, the Long House, synthetizes the precepts of Quakerism and of traditional Iroquois beliefs and rituals, in order to teach its believers how to attain their physical and spiritual salvation.
The Ghost Dance as a Millenarian Phenomenon
Authors: Rahal Sheryl Ann
Published: February 2020

La Ghost Dance et le carnage de Wounded Knee (1890) où furent massacrés les Sioux qui s'adonnaient à cette pratique marquent de manière plus symbolique que réelle la fin de l'époque de la résistance indienne dans les Grandes Plaines américaines. Après la fin des années 1870, cette résistance se limitait en effet à des actions ponctuelles et isolées.

Ceci n'enlève rien à l'intérêt de la Ghost Dance en tant que représentation millénariste qui fait partie d'une tradition religieuse bien connue chez les Indiens.

Cependant, se limiter à une étude de la Ghost Dance et de sa propagation fulgurante parmi les Indiens des Grandes Plaines en tant que phénomène religieux risquerait de donner une vue partielle de la puissance de son emprise sur les adeptes. Ainsi faut-il prendre en compte les tensions culturelles, politiques et économiques auxquelles ces sociétés sont soumises, tensions qui existent de longue date, certes, mais qui se sont exacerbées vers la fin des années 1880 et qui créent un climat favorable à l'épanouissement de la pensée millénariste.
Futurs imparfaits : Vision du troisième millénaire dans le cinéma de science-fiction contemporain
Authors: Perrez Raymond
Published: February 2020

Science fiction cinema, which mirrors contemporary social anxieties, mainly offers apocalyptic and/or dystopic visions of the future, in which the political, economic and technological environment produces social/psychological alienation. Beyond a mere reflection, the genre also engages in a debate about the foundations of modern society. This article investigates its cultural impact and the interactions between the various economic and cultural players, and inquires to what extent the genre contributes to shaping or amplifying contemporary myths, fears and hopes.
Le tout et ses parties dans l'esthétique élisabéthaine
Authors: Costa de Beauregard Raphaëlle
Published: February 2020

Elizabethan aesthetics and microcosm vs macrocosm. The representation of space in Elizabethan miniatures (Horenbout, Holbein, Hilliard and Oliver) shows an evolution from conventional portrait painting to subjective and personal portraits. The border of the figure within the frame shows the use of the two-dimensional space of the ground as essential to inner coherence. Parts are inscribed within the overall structure thanks to proportions and rhythm. Mannerist aesthetics suggest the orthogonal dimensions of the miniatures are modified by the use of the S line in the composition. Cubic perspective also introduces alterations but the conclusion leads us back to a medieval mysticism developed by, and characteristic of, what is usually known as the Hilliard manner : a flat background and an ornamental miniature design with a constant use of mineral and stellar symbolism thanks to which microcosm and macrocosm indeed are one, in a manner not unlike fractal objects of modem mathematics.
Des fourmis dans la langue (Le tout, les parties et le reste)
Authors: Cantié Philippe
Published: February 2020

Based on a distinctly Oulipian principle of constraint, Alphabetical Africa, by Walter Abish, features a colony of ants intent on shredding the African continent to pieces . Using these microscopic insects as a semantic guideline, this essay aims at showing how the novel generates a form of complexity which does not arise from any self-imposed set of rules. Largely through linguistic dissemination, ants happen to pervade the whole textual construct. Biting their way into words, set discourses and the very texture of fiction, they also cause unexpected patterns of meaning to emerge. Ants particularly excel at splitting, thus displacing common linguistic boundaries and subverting the traditional hierarchy between the whole and its parts. Such operations eventually reveal that self-similarity is at work on both local and global levels. My hunch is that ants might even teach us how to read...
Seuils et hybrides dans les romans de Kojo Laing
Authors: Gauffre Marie-Jeanne
Published: February 2020

In the novels of the Ghanaian writer Kojo Laing, flying is advocated as a strategy to cross thresholds freely and avoid the traps inherent in the duality of the world depicted. Challenging rationality as well as gravity, giving free rein to fantasy and inventiveness, restoring the fluidity of exchanges, the novels promote the reconciliation of opposites. In its complexity, hybridity is shown as both the epitome of human experience and its ideal, a notion aptly illustrated by the highly idiosyncratic language of the novels.
Rituality and Liminality in Soyinka’s Plays
Authors: Götrick Kacke
Published: February 2020

De nombreuses études ont été menées sur l’usage que Soyinka fait des rituels yoruba dans son théâtre et certaines interprétations ont donné à penser que l’intégration de rites dans ses pièces était porteuse d’une réelle expérience religieuse. Le but de cet article est de montrer que si Soyinka a effectivement créé des contextes et des ambiances de rituel dans The Road et dans Death and the King’s Horseman, il a aussi mis en œuvre diverses stratégies dramaturgiques pour résoudre les problèmes inhérents à la mise en scène des rites et pour dépasser la simple imitation d’une expérience religieuse. Ceci peut susciter des réactions très complexes chez les spectateurs sensibilisés à la culture yoruba et leur faire vivre des expériences qui se situent au seuil du théâtre et du rituel.
« The Now is in our Hands » : Innovation and Reorientation in Post-Apartheid South African Drama
Authors: Davis Geoffrey V.
Published: February 2020

Presque dix ans après l'effondrement du système de l'apartheid, l'Afrique du Sud se trouve sur le seuil d'une société nouvelle. Dans cette période de transition, le pays se voit confronté à de vastes problèmes qu'il a des difficultés à surmonter. Le domaine de la culture et des arts n'y fait pas exception. La contribution suivante essaie de faire un bilan artistique des années « post-apartheid » et prend pour exemple une série de représentations théâtrales qui ont suscité beaucoup d'intérêt au festival de Grahamstown en 1997 et en 1998. Quelles innovations peut-on remarquer dans Ubu and the Truth Commission, dans Gomorrah, dans iMumbo Jumbo et dans d’autres mises en scène ? Peut-on déjà parler de nouvelles directions — esthétiques, politiques — dans le théâtre sud-africain ? A-t-on réussi à développer un style capable de rendre compte des problèmes et des solutions que propose une société nouvelle ? Est-on en train de franchir le seuil d'un théâtre nouveau ?
Un passeur dans l’embarras : la traduction d’une œuvre africaine
Authors: Sevry Jean
Published: February 2020

What is the situation of African literatures written in English in terms of translation ? For some time, more and more works have been translated into French. But the task undoubtedly remains a difficult one, because of cultural connotations, and because of colloquial varieties of Africanised English. Thus, the translator is divided between a desire to « greet the foreigner » (Antoine Berman), a desire to keep to the text, and a wish to walk across intercultural thresholds. This paper examines the predicament of the translator by drawing upon concrete examples from African literatures.
De Sozaboy à Pétit Minitaire. Par-delà la traduction, les enjeux
Authors: Bissiri Amadou
Published: February 2020

Though « pidgin French » is now a language of its own in many Francophone countries in Africa, it is practically non-existent as a literary vehicle. The publication of Pétit Minitaire - the translation of Ken Saro-Wiwa’s Sozaboy into French - could perhaps help to change this situation. In the introduction to his novel, Saro-Wiwa stated that he used «rotten English » (« a mixture of Nigerian pidgin English, broken English and occasional flashes of good, even idiomatic English ») partly as an experiment to prove that it was a viable literary language. This is a significant statement for Francophone literature which, on the whole, seems to have been reluctant to cross the threshold of standard French.

This paper discusses two basic issues. How can the translation of Sozaboy contribute to Francophone African literature and help to cross this threshold ? What are the limitations and the handicaps of this language as a literary medium ?
Tentative de définition du domaine textuel
Authors: Harmat Andrée-Marie
Published: February 2020

The objective of such a definition will be to clarify the notion of text, in order to lead to an unlinear and diverse reading of literary texts. The approach, inspired by Antoine Culioli's teaching and his topological representation of the notional domain, should throw light upon three different textual areas : the extratextual area (or textual exterior), diversely taken into account by non-literary approaches ; the paratextual area (or textual boundary) ; the intratextual area (or textual interior) whose polyphonic and polysémie contents develop along a syntagmatic and a paradigmatic axis. This dynamic conception should enable stylisticians to 1) determine the limits of textual analysis 2) demonstrate how the inner organization of the literary text — a verbal aesthetic object — makes it almost infinitely meaningful.
Le concept de « Décentrement » dans l’écriture et la traduction de The Voice de Gabriel Okara
Authors: Martin Jacky
Published: February 2020

This study examines the validity of Meschonnic's concept of «décentrement» (decentering) in accounting for Nigerian author Gabriel Ohara's novel The Voice written in a «transliterated» English version of his native Ijaw. The same concept applies to assess past and prospective translations of The Voice since in both creation and translation the conflict and cross-fertilization of cultures in hegemonic situations need to be accounted for.
Music and the Man of Sentiment
Authors: McGeary Thomas
Published: February 2020

Cet article décrit l'esthétique musicale à l'époque de la «sensibilité. » Les romans sentimentaux du XVIIIe siècle (de Rousseau, Sterne, Goldsmith, MacKenzie et Goethe) mettent en scène des personnages hypersensibles qui découvrent et écoutent de la musique. Nous pouvons ainsi apprendre dans ces romans a) le type de musique qui fait le plus d 'effet sur «l ’homme de sentiment, » b) la nature de sa réaction, c) la signification culturelle d’une telle musique.
L'Amphion Anglicus de John Blow : anglicismes et cosmopolitismes musicaux à l’orée du XVIIIème siècle
Authors: Maillard Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2020

John Blow (1649-1708) was an essentially religious composer, except for his opera Venus and Adonis and several odes and occasional vocal pieces such as his famous Ode on the Death of Mr. Henry Purcell.

Although Amphion Anglicus was not so successful, it is all the same fundamentally interesting. The number of voices and duration of the piece cannot but call to mind the «airs de cour » written in France during the previous fifty years. The themes of numerous pieces belong to the same tradition as antique pastoral poetry, such as it is exemplified in the works of the French «précieux » poets and of some Italian ones. Transparent minuet patterns can recall simple French dance songs, while some instrumental ensembles are reminiscent of Italian trio sonatas.

But if such influences are inevitable, a genuinly British idiom is nevertheless largely relevant in most pieces. The poems given by his friends, in the introduction, together with the various texts set to music in the book are tokens of a definite nationalism — not to say ‘ chauvinisme ’ — typical of a certain Englishness. But most of all, it is in the general conception of the book and above all in the free, almost rhapsodic declamation that a highly original style is revealed, possibly derived from a certain kind of Italian recitative, but at all events wonderfully matching the English language and wit.
Répétition et opposition : étude sur les relations entre la composition musicale et la création poétique américaine
Authors: Barrucand Michel
Published: February 2020

The links between poetry and music are historical ones. However, the two arts have gradually acquired complete autonomy, with the exception of some musical forms (songs, Lieder, operas). It is therefore interesting to find out what poetry has retained from its musical origins. The rhythm of poems has been largely studied ; but sonorities have often been rarely considered as means of conveying significance. Our opinion is that poetry makes use of most of the traditional procedures of musical expression. We will examine two of these in this article : phonemic repetitions and oppositions. In order to do so, we will take examples from the works of American poets (Poe, Lanier, Whitman, Eliot, Williams and Pound).
« In verse heroic, or sweet lyric song » : le Samson de (Ha)milton
Authors: Degott Pierre
Published: February 2020

This paper aims at examining some of the devices used by Newburgh Hamilton in the making of the libretto for Handel’s Samson (1743), a text initially derived from Milton’s Samson Agonistes. Metrical modifications, cuts operated both by the librettist and by the composer, insertions of extracts from some of Milton’s other poems all contribute to a considerable semantic modification of Milton ’s biblical drama. Indeed, the ideological and political dimension of Samson Agonistes seems to give way to another allegorical reading based on a new definition of art and of the artist ’s place in society. The particular context of the creation of Samson, as well as the interpretation of some of the musical elements, seem to lend themselves to the dramatisation of the dichotomy between opera and oratorio, a crucial issue at this stage of the composer ’s career.
Crossing the Musical Bridge : a Poet’s Collaboration with Musicians
Authors: Emanuel James A.
Published: February 2020

Depuis 1995, nous avons présenté plus de soixante-dix fois des jazz-et-blues-et-gospel haïkus, habituellement avec des musiciens, en Afrique, en Allemagne, en France, en Italie, en Jordanie et en Syrie -provenant tous d’une première tentative en 1985, reprise au début des années 90. La collaboration avec divers musiciens peut s ’apprendre, mais les moyens utilisés pour franchir ce ‘pont ' musical resteront parfois mystérieux.
Sterne et la musique, ou l’harmonie impossible
Authors: Dubois Pierre
Published: February 2020

Critics have paradoxically paid only scant attention to Laurence Sterne 's frequent use of music in his literary works. However, William Freedman ’s book, Laurence Sterne and the Origins of the Musical Novel (1978), considers Tristram Shandy as a ‘musical novel, ' borrowing its forms from music. Whereas Freedman stresses the importance of the compositional models used by Sterne, this paper endeavours to study the meaning of the explicit mentions of music in Tristram Shandy and A Sentimental Journey. It will be argued that the allusions to music contribute to establishing elements of uncertainty within the text. Music comes in when words reveal themselves unequal to their task of expressing ideas or feelings. It is the ultimate form of the untranslatable and, as such, it partakes of Sterne ’s intended deconstruction of language. Music is used as an element of transgression of the rules of the literary text and testifies therefore to a deep crisis in the literary process. At the same time, Sterne uses it dialectically to open up new vistas. Besides, the way Sterne used music implied that music should have become autonomous from the semantic. The evolution of musical theory in England in the second half of the 18th century enabled such an autonomization of music. Thus, instead of music taking poetry as its avowed model, as was the case with the theory of the ‘Sister Arts, ’ Sterne operated a kind of reversal of rôles, as music now imposed its expressive mode to the literary text. Music ’s essential mystery and its natural ability to stick closely to the unfolding of time, rendered it the ultimate metaphor of the elusive which was precisely what Sterne endeavoured to transcribe.
De la partition au texte : Anaïs Nin ou le tombeau de Debussy
Authors: Vincent-Arnaud Nathalie
Published: February 2020

What may be regarded as the main thematic pattern of most of Anaïs Nin ’s fictional works — both novels and short stories — is the heroines’ propensity to escape into a dreamlike world in which their imagination is given free play.

The narrative strategy which is at work in the building up of this dreamlike atmosphere gives birth to a most poetic prose. Its homogeneous texture cannot but hold the attention of the reader who may then pick up the various clues left by a «second hand » : that of Claude Debussy whose works are repeatedly — most of the time in quite an explicit way — referred to throughout the text where they mostly function as symbolic landmarks used to shed further light on the heroines ’ existential and erotic quest. This paper aims to show how Debussy ’s works provide a genuine basis — both thematic and structural— for Anaïs Nin ’s literary texts.
La voix de Sirène dans Othello
Authors: Folest Estelle
Published: February 2020

From Homer to Ovid, not forgetting Plato, the myth of the Siren is about fabulous monsters whose harmonious voices are gifted with the power to attract and deceive men, seducing them to kill them all the better. This myth finds an echo in Shakespeare’s plays, as the dramatist endows many of his characters with the ability to enchant others through their voices, be it Luciana, Nestor, or even Othello. Indeed, the Moor appears to have all the attributes of the Siren, delighting his listeners’ ears with his rhetorical, poetic and musical voice, the sensuality and ambiguity of which invite the spectator to enter a new acoustic and semantic space. Yet, if Othello’s voice charms its audience, Iago proves to be the real Siren of the play, using his poisonous voice to abuse the Moor’s ear, and thus leading the latter and Desdemona to death.
Le langage fantasmatique du mythe dans Antony and Cleopatra
Authors: Coffin Charlotte
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the many references to classical mythology in Antony and Cleopatra as a consistent language, whose syntax is based on a process of accumulation and amplification. As wielded by the hero and heroine, myths bring about other myths, in a ceaseless engendering of visions which tend to obscure their perception of reality. The often-commented contrast between Antony and Cleopatra’s understanding of their situations and the apparent reality of the play is thus connected with the mythological production of fantasies, which invade the stage in the last two acts in a desperate attempt to ward off the inevitable catastrophe, and also to fight the humiliating counter-vision of a Roman triumph.
Dead Funny : Gender and the Comic Turn
Authors: Horner Avril , Zlosnik Sue
Published: February 2020

Cet article envisage le traitement comique des thèmes gothiques tels qu’ils apparaissent dans deux textes britanniques des années 1980 : The Life and Loves of a She Devil (1983) de Fay Weldon et The Wasp Factory de Iain Banks (1984). Tout en reconnaissant les apports d’une approche psychanalytique déchiffrant dans la littérature gothique une mise en récit du manque et des perversions du désir, les auteurs de l’article suggèrent qu’une telle approche a pu amener à négliger deux caractéristiques essentielles du mode gothique : son hybridité et la présence de l’humour noir. Dans les deux réécritures du mythe de Frankenstein et de la recréation monstrueuse qui sont étudiées ici, l’instabilité des identités sexuelles est en effet simultanément traitée comme un sujet d’horreur (ou d’anxiété) et comme une ressource comique.
Gothic Archetypes in Hollywood : The Trickster and the Double in Batman and The Mask
Authors: Vassilieva Elena
Published: February 2020

In this paper I hope to show the working principles of two powerful archetypes — the Trickster and the Shadow/Double — and their role in literature and popular culture. The psychological difference between them and the nature of their Gothic effect on the audience will be demonstrated using two Hollywood films : Batman (1989) and The Mask (1994).
"Chew You Up and Spit You Out" : Rewriting a Familiar Fixture of the Gothic Novel
Authors: Durot-Boucé Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

De toute la faune familière du roman gothique, le vampire est sans doute la créature la plus populaire, ultime avatar de la figure du scélérat qui domine le roman gothique anglais des origines. Cet accessoire ne pourrait exister hors de son environnement, objet de bien des changements depuis le château d’Otrante. La demeure surnaturelle de Manfred subit maintes métamorphoses pour connaître l’un de ses derniers avatars, domus edax, les maisons vampires de Graham Masterton (1998) édifiées sur les lignes d’énergie reliant les sites druidiques en Angleterre.
Screening the Gothic genre in Broken Blossoms by D.W. Griffith
Authors: Costa de Beauregard Raphaëlle
Published: February 2020

L’œuvre de Griffith n’est pas ‘gothique’ mais dans Broken Blossoms (1919), le gothique dickensien trouve une nouvelle existence ; les motifs gothiques canoniques trouvent leur place dans le film tout en subissant des changements.
Ian Sinclair’s White Chapel, Scarlet Tracings: the critical power of Intertextuality with the Gothic
Authors: Fortin-Tournès Anne-Laure
Published: February 2020

Il s’agit ici de mettre en évidence la portée critique d’un texte littéraire qui stigmatise dans l’approche néo-gothique des textes littéraires contemporains un discours résolument a-historique attaché plus à l’esthétique qu’à la poétique du texte gothique. En effet, le roman d’Iain Sinclair intitulé White Chapell, Scarlet Tracings montre que la conception du gothique en termes de motif plutôt qu’en terme de poétique conduit l’approche néo-gothique à rater le travail spécifique de création, propre à la littérature gothique, d’un type d’affect apte à amener le lecteur à actualiser l’événement du texte littéraire. Par sa production créative d’un type d’émotion qui transcende le sujet, le texte littéraire dont la poétique travaille à partir de l’intertextualité gothique sollicite de son lecteur un investissement spécifique qui est dû non pas à la complaisance éventuelle pour l’horreur et ses modalités, mais à leur dépassement par un traitement spécifique du langage.
Martyrs, pouvoir et pouvoirs du martyre dans The Acts and Monuments de John Foxe
Authors: Fernandes Isabelle
Published: February 2020

During the reign of the Catholic Mary Tudor about 300 people were executed for their faith in England. In such circumstances it seems quite paradoxical to talk about the power of Protestantism : how can a victim exercise the slightest power ? Thanks to a rhetoric of inversion though the martyrs — and the recorder of their ordeal John Foxe — managed to change the apparent deafeat into a resounding victory, thus revealing the effective propagandist potentialities of martyrdom. Standing at a crossroads between the earthly and celestial spheres martyrs were submitted to contradictory demands made by both the temporal and spiritual powers. They nevertheless succeeded in treading the borderline between obedience and resistance providing reputable models to be followed for the fight for the establishment of true religion to continue.