bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAFEGUARDING PRIVACY IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: López Jiménez David , Vargas Portillo Patricia , Dittmar Eduardo Carlos
Published: June 2021

Purpose ”“ The purpose is to examine the degree of privacy protection in the social networking field. In this sense, we analyze the benefits of the self-regulation of the industry as a complement to the regulations.

Methodology/approach/design ”“ We study the Spanish and the European regulations regarding personal data protection with respect to social networks.

Findings ”“ The legislative regulations on this subject are insufficient due to their intrinsic limitations in the field. Therefore, we should encourage the approval of good legislation that complements and fills the gaps.

Practical implications ”“ The advantages that are derived from the research on this subject are useful for service providers and the public and private sectors in the information society. Therefore, they are useful for society in general.

Originality/value ”“ This research article includes the examination of the general utility of society. The aspects that are addressed are applicable to the industry and those who use social networks. The government must prevent infractions that damage consumers and/or users.
Regulation of Subscription-based Video Streaming Over-The-Top platforms in Brazil
Authors: Azevedo Carlos Henrique Almeida José e
Published: June 2021

Purpose ”“ This paper proposes an enforced self-regulation model for the regulation of video streaming OTT services in Brazil. The proposed model seeks to presents itself as an alternative to the existing regulatory asymmetry in which Cable TV and its similar are regulated through Law no. 12,485 while Video Streaming OTT services are provided to the public without any regulatory burden.

Methodology ”“ Through a literature review of the Responsive Regulation Theory, this paper presents a proposed model to the regulation of Video Streaming OTT platforms in Brazil based on the enforced self-regulation model as described by Ayres and Braithwaite.

Findings ”“ Considering the Brazilian legal environment and the successful use of negotional legal tools, an enforced self-regulation model for Video Streaming OTTs arises as a feasible alternative for the current regulatory asymmetry between such services and Cable TV.

Originality ”“ In an unprecedented manner in Brazil, this paper proposes an enforced self-regulation model as an alternative to the regulation of video streaming OTT services in Brazil. The relevance of such research lays upon the notorious success of such platforms in the Brazilian market and upon the current worldwide debate on the regulation of OTT services.
Disputas intra-elite na construção do estado imperial
Authors: Germano Santos Arthur Roberto
Published: June 2021

Este artigo analisa a organização das armas e a fiscalidade da província do Maranhão, realizada pela elite política local. Isso será feito a partir de duas instituições: a Assembleia Legislativa Provincial e a Presidência da Província. Farei uma descrição e análise desses temas fundamentais que estavam sob a responsabilidade dos deputados provinciais num estado em construção; em concomitância, observarei a atuação dos presidentes da província em relação aos projetos aprovados (ou não) na Assembleia Provincial, e como exerceram suas prerrogativas legais (como o veto).
Factores que limitan la producción de caña de azúcar (Sacharum officinalis) en el cantón Naranjito, Guayas
Authors: Damian Quito Luis Fernando , Peña Haro Cesar Antonio , Santander Villao Manuel Oswaldo , Pluas Pilozo Rafael Vicente
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo es una investigación descriptiva, tuvo como propósito obtener información actualizada de los factores que inciden en la producción de caña de azúcar (Sacharum officinalis), en el recinto san José del cantón Naranjito. Para el efecto se realizó un diagnostico socioeconómico, utilizando el recurso de la encuesta, dirigida a una muestra de 33 productores de caña. En el  estudio se determinó que viven más de 30 años en el lugar, la gran mayoría 55%, tienen instrucción primaria; con una edad superior a los 50 años de edad, cultivan caña en una superficie de 10 a 50 has. Las variedades utilizadas son recomendadas por el SINCAE. Los factores que limitan la producción de caña, está relacionado con el riego y la comercialización a pesar que los ingenios les compra la caña,  se dificulta el pago, ya que lo realizan por cuotas que muchas veces se extienden hasta 8 meses. Los agricultores tienen buena experiencia en el manejo del cultivo de caña que puede ser una fortaleza a la hora de plantear la estrategia de desarrollo para el sector.
Percepción del capital humano de EPUNEMI sobre la responsabilidad social empresarial
Authors: Torres Rodríguez María Clara
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la percepción del capital humano de EPUNEMI sobre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). Esto se hizo por medio de un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental y transversal, la muestra de estudio estuvo compuesta por 20 colaboradores a quienes se les realizó la encuesta de RSE basada en la norma ISO 26000, donde se evalúa los asuntos de consumidores, el medio ambiente, los derechos humanos, las prácticas justas de operación, las prácticas laborales, al igual que, la participación activa y desarrollo de la comunidad. En lo que respecta a los resultados se logró establecer que desde la percepción del capital humano el nivel de RSE era moderado por apenas sobrepasar la media estándar en una escala de Likert de cinco niveles. Además, los puntos débiles que se lograron determinar fueron la dimensión participación activa y desarrollo de la comunidad, así como, el medio ambiente y asuntos de consumidores. Se concluyó que la RSE dentro de EPUNEMI es moderada y que requiere de estrategias enfocadas en mejorar las prácticas de RSE dentro de la institución.
Importancia del diseño gráfico en la cultura de Ecuador: íconos de un imaginario popular
Authors: Zambrano Rendón Diego Patricio
Published: June 2021

La presente es una investigación mixta, que analiza el diseño gráfico y su relación e influencia en la cultura popular, analiza cómo los íconos basados en el pasado, afectan el presente y al patrimonio cultural de una nación, definiendo tanto en el entorno político, económico, social, laboral y de identidad. A través de la asociación de imágenes realizadas en base a técnicas de diseño gráfico que representan la cultura popular ecuatoriana, se realiza un análisis cualificable de cómo las personas perciben su cultura y, por otra parte, se enfatiza en la elaboración de una encuesta, con una muestra de ciudadanos establecidos en la ciudad de Quito, quienes dan su opinión sobre su percepción sobre las imágenes que observan. Con esta investigación, se intenta conocer si la identidad de un pueblo, puede ser percibida de mejor forma mediante el uso del diseño gráfico y sobre cómo influye una imagen realizada con técnicas de diseño gráfico en la percepción de los ciudadanos, incentivarlos a recordar y valorar nuestra cultura popular.
Analisis Efisiensi Pemasaran Jagung di Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Ashari Ulfira , Syamsir Syamsir
Published: June 2021

Price fluctuations at the producer and consumer levels determine the performance of the maize market in Gorontalo Province. This will affect the decisions and ability of the corn marketing agencies involved in responding to price changes. The slow response of marketing agencies to changes in maize prices indicates inefficient market conditions in terms of prices. In addition, differences in market power between marketing agencies indicate inefficiencies in marketing maize from an operational perspective. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of 1) analyzing market integration and transmission of maize prices between producers and consumers, 2) analyzing the distribution of marketing margins in the maize marketing channels in Gorontalo Province. The research data used is in the form of weekly price data at the producer and consumer levels for 148 weeks, from March 2016 to March 2019 and added data from direct interviews with the marketing actors involved, namely farmers as many as 30 people, while sampling of traders was carried out by snowball sampling technique. Data analysis used the Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM), marketing margin and farmer share for each channel. The results showed that the transmission of maize prices at the producer and consumer level is symmetrical in the long run indicating market integration. The smallest marketing margin and the largest farmer share are in Channel III, where marketing is done directly to an exporter. Corn marketing in Gorontalo Province shows price transmission and market integration as well as high farmer share value in each channel, so it can be concluded that marketing is efficient.
Significance and framing of the gender factor in the reproduction of intimate partner violence
Authors: S. Carvalho Cláudio Alexandre
Published: June 2021

No presente trabalho defende-se que, apesar de grande parte da violência entre parceiros íntimos ter origem em fatores endémicos – inerentes às elevadas expectativas em que está sustentada a comunicação na intimidade –, ela não pode ser adequadamente compreendida cindida do entorno sociocultural, no qual a normatividade de género assume grande relevância. A intimidade é caracterizada por uma dependência paradoxal relativamente aos processos comunicativos exteriores onde tomam parte os seus "membros", sendo que no que concerne aos padrões de género, ela não é somente reprodutora das assimetrias simbólicas, mas é também, e sobretudo, recetáculo da sua crescente fluidez. Sendo certo que as atribuições de género se tendem a concretizar por negociação interativa, na intimidade subsistem certas determinações tradicionais. Neste ponto, as conceções de amor romântico assumem um papel preponderante, propiciando diferenciais de poder e distribuição de recursos, mas camuflando também práticas de abuso que têm o seu extremo no recurso à violência.
Un contexto intercultural en la escuela: aprender a través del arte
Authors: Núñez Moreno Isabel María , Torras i Albert Àngels
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se expone un proyecto de colaboración entre universidad y escuela en el cual se trabaja a través de las artes. Se presenta una experiencia que se está realizando con alumnos de 5º de primaria en la cual el arte es el generador de los aprendizajes de todas las áreas y potenciador de la interculturalidad.
El cuento musicado. La interdisciplinariedad al servicio de la interculturalidad
Authors: García Sánchez Albano
Published: June 2021

El cuento musicado es una actividad que proponemos a los alumnos de la asignatura Desarrollo de la Expresión Musical en Infantil del Grado de Educación Infantil que se imparte en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba como Proyecto de Innovación Educativa dentro del marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Dicha actividad consiste en la dramatización o escenificación de una historia original donde se explora las distintas posibilidades de la palabra, el sonido y el movimiento como elementos imprescindibles en cualquier proceso de comunicación. El principal objetivo que se persigue es que el futuro maestro viva experiencias, sensaciones o emociones que le permitan interpretar el mundo que le rodea, pues una sociedad que está en continuo cambio exige profesionales que den respuesta a los nuevos escenarios: globalización, interculturalidad, etc. Con el presente trabajo pretendemos ilustrar el papel que ejercen las distintas disciplinas de las que consta el cuento musicado a la hora de educar en la diversidad.
Contracapa/ Contraportada/ Back cover
Authors: Sadio-Ramos Fernando José , Ortiz-Molina María Angustias
Published: June 2021

Os 2 assinantes são os autores do conceito e desenho da capa e a contraportada da versão eletrónica de DEDICA. REVISTA DE EDUCAÇÃO E HUMANIDADES Los 2 firmantes son los autores del concepto y diseño de la portada y la contraportada de la versión electrónica de DEDiCA. REVISTA DE EDUCAÇÃO E HUMANIDADES The 2 signatories are the authors of the concept and design of the cover and the back cover of the electronic version of DEDiCA. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND THE HUMANITIES
Sumario
Authors: Sadio-Ramos Fernando José , Ortiz-Molina María Angustias
Published: June 2021

Recoge todos los contenidos del número de manera ordenada y con indicación de las páginas en que aparecen.
Enquadramento Jurídico do Envelhecimento no Direito Português
Authors: Panão Ramalho Anabela , Góis Ramalho João
Published: June 2021

O fenómeno do envelhecimento da população na sociedade contemporânea Portuguesa exige respostas sociais à terceira idade que, face à crise económica que o Estado Social atravessa, o impedem de cumprir em pleno o papel que a Constituição da República Portuguesa lhe confere. Pretendemos identificar e caracterizar a evolução legal do conceito da política social no âmbito dos cuidados na velhice no Estado Social Português, analisando as respostas legais e sociais que têm sido implementadas para fazer face à velhice como etapa da vida que todo o ser humano poderá percorrer, respostas tornadas cada vez mais necessárias devido ao envelhecimento demográfico. Refletiremos o apoio à família da população idosa prestado pelas instituições de solidariedade social, e a relevância da formação dos profissionais no âmbito da Gerontologia social, ao nível da licenciatura e mestrado, cujas saídas profissionais conferirão uma mais valia aos serviços prestados por estas instituições.
Lugares comunes. La interdisciplinariedad como paradigma en las gramáticas de creación
Authors: Méndez Fernández Holga
Published: June 2021

Al hablar de interdisciplinariedad es necesario mencionar y presentar un pensamiento del límite y quizás un pensamiento límite que se cuestione sobre las dinámicas de creación que caracterizan el territorio de indeterminación del Arte actual, sin olvidar el hecho escultórico en particular. Hoy el panorama artístico y de creación es tan abierto y fluctuante que es difícil determinar sus límites. Pensar el límite será plantear y exponer los lugares comunes donde se da una tregua a esta velocidad de transformación, se abran miradas reflexivas en torno a ese espacio de generación de pensamiento, de imágenes y formas que es común o que aparece cuando dos o más disciplinas se interrelacionan e interactúan. Desde la literatura, el cine, pasando por la música y el arte –sus derivas y expansiones–, se trata de presentar el ámbito de la creación escultórica como paradigma de la interdisciplinariedad en las gramáticas de la creación. Así como, observar los espacios de relación (límites) o “lugares comunes” entre las artes como productores de obra y pensamiento.
Editorial status of the Journal
Authors: Sadio-Ramos Fernando José , Ortiz-Molina María Angustias
Published: June 2021

Description of the Journal, its essence and history…
Empowering Teachers Through Instructional Supervision: Using Solution Focused Strategies in a Leadership Preparation Program
Authors: McGhee Marla W. , Stark Marcella D.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine how students in an educational leadership preservice program perceived the effectiveness of solution-focused supervision (SFS) taught in an instructional supervision class. Interviews, observations, and artifacts, and a case study design, were applied to address two primary research questions. Findings revealed the use of solution-focused (SF) strategies produced positive outcomes, but required dramatic paradigm shifts from study participants. Moreover, the researchers found that respondents used a wide range of SF strategies in the clinical cycle exercise. Participants, furthermore, affirmed that SF structures and language promoted reflection, conversation, and empowerment of teachers. These positive dispositions toward solution-focused supervision, however, did not come without difficulties and initial doubt.
Assessing social anxiety using gps trajectories and point-of-interest data
Authors: Huang Yu , XIONG HAOYI , Leach Kevin , Zhang Yuyan , Chow Philip , Fua Karl , Teachman Bethany , Barnes Laura
Published: June 2021

Mental health problems are highly prevalent and appear to be increasing in frequency and severity among the college student population. The upsurge in mobile and wearable wireless technologies capable of intense, longitudinal tracking of individuals, provide valuable opportunities to examine temporal patterns and dynamic interactions of key variables in mental health research. In this paper, we present a feasibility study leveraging non-invasive mobile sensing technology to passively assess college students' social anxiety, one of the most common disorders in the college student population. We have first developed a smartphone application to continuously track GPS locations of college students, then we built an analytic infrastructure to collect the GPS trajectories and finally we analyzed student behaviors (e.g. studying or staying at home) using Point-Of-Interest (POI). The whole framework supports intense, longitudinal, dynamic tracking of college students to evaluate how their anxiety and behaviors change in the college campus environment. The collected data provides critical information about how students' social anxiety levels and their mobility patterns are correlated. Our primary analysis based on 18 college students demonstrated that social anxiety level is significantly correlated with places students' visited and location transitions.
Perceived Postgraduate Research Supervisory Practices and Satisfaction towards Supervision among Supervisees at Faculty of Education
Authors: Ishak Nurhamizah , Khairuddin Farah Nadzirah , Aziz Nur Shaziella
Published: June 2021

Effective supervision received by postgraduate students boosts their motivation to produce a high quality research. This paper looks at the perceived postgraduate research supervisory practices and satisfaction towards supervision among supervisees at  Faculty of Education in a Malaysian public university. Data was collected through a questionnaire on the sample of 45 Part 3 full-time Master’s degree (Coursework) students. However, only 33 sets of questionnaires were returned to the researchers (response rate=94.3%). It was found that most supervisees perceived that their dissertation supervisors have continually applied various supervisory practices during the supervision session and they were very satisfied with the supervision that they have received. Furthermore, there was a positive, strong, and significant relationship between the perceived supervisory practices and supervisees’ satisfaction. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between perceived supervisory practices and courses, as well as between perceived supervisory practices and frequency of meeting. As for the implications of this study, it contributes to the corpus of knowledge in the area of postgraduate supervision in local higher education institution context and provides empirical data to assist the Ministry of Education in conducting strategic planning to enhance implementation of effective supervisory practices among postgraduate research supervisors.
Exploring community health worker roles, support, and experiences in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors:   Frontline Health Project
Published: June 2021

This brief presents results from the Frontline Health project's study in Bangladesh which explores CHWs' perspectives and challenges providing support to their communities during COVID-19.
Komparasi Biaya Konstruksi Bangunan Atas Jembatan Slab On Pile di Atas Tanah Lunak untuk Beberapa Variasi Bentang
Authors: Ruspiansyah Ruspiansyah , Humaidi Muhammad , Yanuar Khairil
Published: June 2021

Jembatan tipe slab on pile umumnya terdiri dari dua bentang atau lebih. Sampai saat ini belum ada ketentuan atau pedoman terkait dengan panjang bentang terkecil dan terbesar. Dengan demikian penentuan panjang bentang jembatan slab on pile lebih kepada engineering judgment desainer dan/atau pemilik jembatan. Penelitian ini mencoba menentukan panjang bentang optimal yang dapat menghasilkan biaya konstruksi bangunan atas yang minimal dalam satuan rupiah per satuan luas jembatan slab on pile di daerah tanah lunak. Adapun lokasi penelitian berada di Jembatan Ray 2 Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Dalam penelitian ini, jembatan dibagi kedalam tiga tipe, yaitu Tipe I dengan bentang segmental 4 m dengan banyak bentang lima bentang dan panjang bentang total 20 m, Tipe II dengan bentang segmental 5 m dengan banyak bentang empat bentang dan panjang bentang total 20 m, dan Tipe III dengan bentang segmental 7 m dengan banyak bentang tiga bentang dan panjang bentang total 21 m. Berdasarkan hasil desain, biaya konstruksi bangunan atas per satuan luas untuk untuk jembatan slab on pile tipe I sebesar  Rp5,795,673.4, jembatan slab on pile tipe II sebesar Rp5,313,707.8, dan jembatan slab on pile tipe III sebesar Rp4,925,033.0. Perbedaan biaya konstruksi ini dipengaruhi oleh jumlah pier head yang dimiliki jembatan, dimana tipe III memiliki jumlah pier head terkecil

Abstract

Slab on pile bridges consist of two spans or more. Until now, there are not codes state cleary about shortest and largest span of slab on pile bridge. Therefore, decision about length of span tends to engineering judgement of designer and/or owner of the bridge. This research tries to propose about optimal span that obtain a minimal construction cost of superstructure of slab on pile bridge on soft soil area in rupiah per square area. This research is located at Ray 2 Bridge in Barito Kuala District. In this research, bridge classifies in three types: type I (4 m segmental length, 5 spans, and 20 m total span length), type II (5 m segmental length, 4 spans, and 20 m total span length), and type III (7 m segmental length, 3 spans, and 21 m total span length). According to design results in this research, construction cost of superstructure for type I, II, and III are Rp5,795,673.4, Rp5,313,707.8, and Rp4,925,033.0. construction cos differs among types because the numbers of pier head, wherein type III has smallest number of pier head
FAKTOR SOSIAL DAN DEMOGRAFI YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEKERJA LANSIA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Amri Yusuf , Rijanta Rijanta , Listyaningsih Umi
Published: June 2021

Pekerja lansia di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahun dan masuk peringkat 50 besar di dunia. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia menjadi indikator keberhasilan pembangunan bidang kesehatan yang ditandai dengan peningkatan angka harapan hidup (AHH). Disisi lain hal ini menjadi beban negara baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi. Usia penduduk lansia pada penelitian ini adalah 65 tahun ke atas. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan karakteristik sosial & demografi, dan menemukan faktor sosial & demografi yang berhubungan dengan status kerja lansia di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif (tabel silang dan tabel frekuensi) dan analisis inferensia korelasi (uji Chi Square). Pekerja lansia di Indonesia mayoritas adalah perempuan, kawin, kepala rumah tangga, umur 65-74 tahun, bekerja di sektor informal, rata-rata jam kerja 34,23 jam per minggu, memiliki keluhan kesehatan, pendidikan rendah, tidak memiliki jaminan sosial dan hutang. Menurut uji chi square, status kerja berhubungan sedang dengan umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, hubungan dengan kepala rumah tangga, jam kerja. Kemudian jaminan sosial berhubungan lemah, dan faktor lainnya (pendidikan, keluhan kesehatan, hutang, dan sektor usaha) berhubungan sangat lemah.
Entre la ciencia ficción y la ciencia de la historia: El corazón de la serpiente.
Authors:   Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (MÉXICO), Chávez Mancilla Ángel
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the science fiction novel The Heart of the Serpent, by the Soviet Ivan Efremov, and shows what we identify as an ideological vindication of the Marxist theory of history or historical materialism; and the influence that said ideological content has on the conception of science fiction that Efremov adopts and, in a meta novel exercise, he exposes in his mentioned work is studied. For this, some characteristics of Soviet science fiction in general, and the particularities of Efremov's work will be exposed. In the same way, he realizes the essential aspects of Marxist theory of history, a theoretical aspect on which Efremov bases the difference of science fiction produced in the "capitalist world", and his fiction of the future world and the extraterrestrial contact that It must be based on scientific aspects, since history as a science that manages to delineate aspects of the future society.
El lenguaje y la ficción encarnada. Un acercamiento fenomenológico a Cuento amarillo.
Authors:   Universidad Ibero. Campus Santa Fe (MÉXICO), Pérez Pérez Joselyn
Published: June 2021

This article is a literary approach that seeks to answer the question about the phenomenological relationship between body-language and the storyteller Cuento amarillo. For this, he uses the Merleau-Ponty phenomenology as a theoretical base in two base works, The Prose of the World and The Phenomenology of Perception, from which he seeks to explore how the concepts of body, language and fiction are operating within the narrative with the purpose is to glimpse the textual guidelines that make up the characters of this literary work and within phenomenology itself and therefore create a new proposal towards the body with a view to a theoretical discussion with language.
La amistad en el cine bélico: estratificación, desdoblamiento del yo y empatía
Authors:   Universidad de Valladolid. (ESPAÑA), Panero García María Pilar
Published: June 2021

This work aims to address the theme of friendship war cinema, understood as one that includes all the variants of the word love, or what is the same, understood as the philía of the ancients. These narratives have the advantage that they raise the existence of social conflicts, the most violent is war, which in turn acts as generators of feelings and passions of all kinds. What is intended, then, is to make an analysis of the different philias in borderline situations for modern man.
INVESTIGATIONS OF PEOPLE PERCEPTION ON DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SITUATIONS IN KANO METROPOLIS NORTHWESTERN, NIGERIA
Authors: Auwal Aminu Hamisu , Bello Nura Isyaku , Bello Abdulkadir , Kabiru Alabira S. , Muhammed A. , Jaafar M.
Published: June 2021

The problem of portable water supply has become an issue of global concerned as governments all over the world are trying to make house-holds water accessible to all as easier as possible to meet the challenges for sustainable development goals. This research has been conducted to determine the people’s perception on domestic water supply situation in Kano metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria. A self-designed questionnaire developed and distributed to the subjects using stratified sampling technique, and the data obtained has been presented in frequency and percentage. The results obtained revealed that, there is a scarcity of portable water supply to households in Kano metropolis. The problem emanated from lack of pipe-borne water which necessitated the dependence of the house-holds water supply on vendors that obtained water from boreholes and some hand-dug wells lacking proper hygienic practices. More so, the respondents were willing to pay for pipe borne water delivery, yet, they depend on vendors as their major water suppliers as alternatives. The unhygienic practices of the vendors and water sources posed threat to public health concerned.
DERECELİ ULAMSAL ÜYELİK YAPISI VE TÜRKÇEDEKİ GÖRÜNÜMLERİ
Authors: ÖNAL Özay
Published: June 2021

Geleneksel Mantık temelli ulamlaştırmanın ulamların üyelik yapılarını ele alış biçiminin
zihnin çalışma ilkeleriyle uyuşmadığı, Zadeh'in kuramsal, Rosch'un ise deneysel
çalışmalarıyla ispatlanmıştı. Konuyu ilk defa dilsel çerçevede ele alan Lakoff, ulamların
üyelik yapılarını düzenleyerek zayıf, ortalama ve tipik üyeleri dilsel olarak kodlama
işlevine sahip geniş bir dilbilgisel sınıfın varlığına dikkat çekmiştir. Derecelendiriciler
(hedges), ulamın üyelik yapısındaki hiyerarşinin vurgulanması, ulam sınırlarının
kesinleştirilmesi veya esnetilmesinde rol oynayan dilsel araçlardır. Deneysel nitelikteki
bu çalışmada, ulamların üyelik yapılarını; üyelerin ulamı temsil yeteneklerini ve
derecelendirici ifadelerin Türkçedeki görünümlerini gözlemlemek amacıyla anadili Türkçe
olan lisans ve yüksek lisans öğrencilerinden oluşan araştırma grubuna bir sormaca
uygulanmıştır. Sormacada, 10 adet ulam ve ulamların her biri için 5'er üye önerilerek
üyelerin ilgili ulamları temsil düzeylerini belirten kısa tümceler yazmaları istenmiştir.
Bulgular, katılımcıların sormaca ulamlarının üyelik yapılarını dereceli; üyelerin ulamı
temsil yeteneklerini ise birbirinden farklı olarak gördüğünü göstermiştir. Bulgularda,
“bulanık üye” olarak adlandırılan ve birden fazla ulamın sınırları içinde görülebilen
üyelere de rastlanmıştır. Bulgular Türkçede derecelendirmenin pek çok dilsel araçla
yapıldığını göstermiştir. Bunların arasında belirteç, sıfat, ilgeç, bağlaç gibi sözcük sınıfları
ve soru, kiplik, edilgen çatı gibi dilbilgisel kategoriler öne çıkmaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak,
daha çok konuşma diline has ünlem, vurgu ve ezgilendirmenin de derecelendirme işleviyle
kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
“THE TURKE AND SIR GAWAIN”: IS THE TURKE AS ALIEN AS THE GREEN KNIGHT?
Authors: BELENLİ Ali
Published: June 2021

The alien figures of the romances representing the outsider or the challengers to the court
of King Arthur usually perform as foil for the knights of the Round Table. In several cases
the challengers transform into somebody else to reach a resolution in the end. The Turke
and Sir Gawain (c.1500) is a romance that represents both a foil and a transformation. The
challenger figure is represented as a more probable character with the Turke figure as he
does not look like a magical being like the Green Knight. The influence of the emerging
power of the Turks on the imagination of the Western Europe can be traced within the
romance. Still, the image of the Turk is an alien one despite the growing concerns about the
Ottoman Empire. As a result of this concern the Turke figure within the romance is
represented as a magical and cursed figure. This article discusses the alienated
representation of a real-life concern for the English people.
Cataract Surgery Practice in the Republic of Korea: A Survey of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 2020
Authors: Rho Chang Rae , Kim Jin-Hyoung , Chung In Kwon , Kim Eun Chol , Han Young Keun , Han Sang Youp , Eom Youngsub , Chung Tae-Young , Lee Do-Hyung
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To describe current cataract surgery practice patterns and trends among Korean ophthalmologists.Methods: A survey was conducted among members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery in October 2020. Of the 998 questionnaires, 262 (26.3%) were received for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared with those of previous surveys.Results: The largest percentage of respondents (39%) had <5 years of practical experience, and 40% had >11 years of practical experience. The average, median, and mode monthly volumes of cataract surgeries performed by the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery members were 31, 20, and 10 cases, respectively. Topical anesthesia was administered by 85% of the respondents. For intraocular lens (IOL) calculations, 96% of the respondents used optical biometry. The proportion of surgeons providing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery increased significantly from 5% in 2018 to 29% in 2020. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the multifocal IOLs. Those who implant multifocal IOL for >10% of their cases increased from 16% (2018) to 29% (2020). Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed postoperatively by 76% of the respondents. Most respondents (70%) prescribed these anti-inflammatory drugs for 4 weeks.Conclusions: This survey provided a comprehensive update on current cataract surgery practice in the Republic of Korea. The results highlighted the increasing use of premium IOLs, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, optical biometry, and topical anesthesia to better meet the patients’ needs.
EFFECTS OF PRESERVATIVE TREATMENTS ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL AND STORAGE QUALITY OF TIGER NUT MILK DRINK
Authors: A. Victor Olofu , O. Gbonjubola Adeshina , O. Busayo  , M. Bata Mshelia
Published: June 2021

Tiger nut milk drink is a milk-like
aqueous extract from tiger nut, which is highly
nutritious and is consumed in most parts of the
world especially in the Northern part of Nigeria.
However, its availability is limited due to its short
shelf life. The aim of this present study was to
determine the effects of preservatives treatments
on the microbiological and storage quality of tiger
nut milk drink. Fresh tiger nut milk drink was
produced according to the standard procedure
with portable water and also with sterile distilled
water. The milk was divided into 16 aliquots, kept
in a sterile container for analysis of the different
treatments, and preservatives were added
according to the experimental design. The color,
odor and consistency of the milk were observed
daily for a period of seven days. The total bacteria
count (TBC), total coliform count (TCC), total
Staphylococcal count (TSC) and total fungi count
(TFC) (yeast and mold) were evaluated every two
days to monitor the microbial stability. Fresh tiger
nut milk without any treatment spoiled within few
hours after production, while the aliquot
supplemented with all the preservatives;
pasteurized and then stored under refrigerated
temperature for up to seven days. The range of
total bacterial count was from 8.00×104
-1.20×107
CFU/ml. The most prevalent bacterial isolates
were; Escherichia coli (17.79%), Staphylococcus
aureus (10.53%) and Micrococcus spp. (9.78%),
whereas the dominant fungi were Candida
tropicalis (16.27%), Saccharomyces spp. (11.63%)
and Aspergillus spp. (11.63%). This study showed
that tiger nut milk drink has a rich microbial
content which affects its shelf life and the addition
of natural (spices) and chemical preservatives is
important to stabilize the drink; thus there is an
urgent need to standardize the use of
preservatives.
Live poster session 1: Enablers and barriers to practice and adaptation
Authors: Tyler Andrew , Ferranti Emma , Jenkins Katie , Arnell Nigel , Lee Seunghan , Dessai Suraje , Cha YoungHwa
Published: June 2021

This poster session complements the related session on the Land stage, and through poster presentations and discussion will consider enablers and barriers to the practice of adaptation drawing primarily experience in the UK and Europe
Effect of the ACAA1 Gene on Preadipocyte Differentiation in Sheep
Authors: Wang Yanli , Li Xin , Cao Yang , Xiao Cheng , Liu Yu , Jin Haiguo , Cao Yang
Published: June 2021

Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAA1) functions as a key regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisomes by catalyzing the cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and acyl-CoA, which participate in the extension and degradation of fatty acids. Thus, ACAA1 is an important regulator of lipid metabolism and plays an essential role in fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism. Our previous study findings revealed that ACAA1 is closely associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling and fatty acid metabolism pathways, which are involved in fat deposition in sheep, leading to our hypothesis that ACAA1 may be involved in fat deposition by regulating lipid metabolism. However, the associated molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, to assess the potential function of ACAA1 in sheep preadipocyte differentiation, we knocked down and overexpressed ACAA1 in sheep preadipocytes and evaluated the pattern of ACAA1 gene expression during preadipocyte differentiation by qRT-PCR. ACAA1 was significantly expressed in the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, and then its expression decreased. ACAA1 deficiency increased lipid accumulation and the triglyceride content and promoted sheep preadipocyte differentiation, whereas ACAA1 overexpression inhibited adipogenesis and decreased lipid accumulation and the triglyceride content. Simultaneously, we demonstrated that ACAA1 deficiency upregulated the expressions of the adipogenic marker genes PPARγ and C/EBPα in sheep preadipocytes, but ACAA1 overexpression inhibited the expressions of these markers, indicating that ACAA1 affects lipid metabolism by regulating adipogenic marker genes. Our results may promote a better understanding of the regulation of adipogenesis by ACAA1.
Image-Guided Peri-Tumoral Radiofrequency Hyperthermia-Enhanced Direct Chemo-Destruction of Hepatic Tumor Margins
Authors: Chen Minjiang , Zhang Feng , Song Jingjing , Weng Qiaoyou , Li Peicheng , Li Qiang , Qian Kun , Ji Hongxiu , Pietrini Sean , Ji Jiansong , Yang Xiaoming
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To validate the feasibility of using peri-tumoral radiofrequency hyperthermia (RFH)-enhanced chemotherapy to obliterate hepatic tumor margins.

Method and Materials

This study included in vitro experiments with VX2 tumor cells and in vivo validation experiments using rabbit models of liver VX2 tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments received different treatments in four groups (n=6/group): (i) RFH-enhanced chemotherapy consisting of peri-tumoral injection of doxorubicin plus RFH at 42°C; (ii) RFH alone; (iii) doxorubicin alone; and (iv) saline. Therapeutic effect on cells was evaluated using different laboratory examinations. For in vivo experiments, orthotopic hepatic VX2 tumors in 24 rabbits were treated by using a multipolar radiofrequency ablation electrode, enabling simultaneous delivery of both doxorubicin and RFH within the tumor margins. Ultrasound imaging was used to follow tumor growth overtime, correlated with subsequent histopathological analysis.

Results

In in vitro experiments, MTS assay demonstrated the lowest cell proliferation, and apoptosis analysis showed the highest apoptotic index with RFH-enhanced chemotherapy, compared with the other three groups (p<0.01). In in vivo experiments, ultrasound imaging detected the smallest relative tumor volume with RFH-enhanced chemotherapy (p<0.01). The TUNEL assay further confirmed the significantly increased apoptotic index and decreased cell proliferation in the RFH-enhanced therapy group (p<0.01).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that peri-tumoral RFH can specifically enhance the destruction of tumor margins in combination with peri-tumoral injection of a chemotherapeutic agent. This new interventional oncology technique may address the critical clinical problem of frequent marginal tumor recurrence/persistence following thermal ablation of large (>3 cm) hepatic cancers.
Patient-Reported and Oncological Outcomes of Salvage Therapies for PSMA-Positive Nodal Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Real-Life Experiences and Implications for Future Trial Design
Authors: Kretschmer Alexander , Milow Johanna , Eze Chukwuka , Buchner Alexander , Li Minglun , Westhofen Thilo , Fuchs Frederik , Rogowski Paul , Trapp Christian , Ganswindt Ute , Zacherl Mathias Johannes , Beyer Leonie , Wenter Vera , Bartenstein Peter , Schlenker Boris , Stief Christian G. , Belka Claus , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The role of salvage lymph node dissection (SLND) and radiotherapy (SLNRT) in the management of nodal-only recurrent prostate cancer (PC) remains controversial. In addition, impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been adequately evaluated yet.

Materials and Methods

Analysis was limited to patients that were diagnosed with nodal-only recurrent PC via PSMA-PET/CT. SLND was performed via open approach. For SLNRT, dose regimens were normo- or slightly hypo-fractionated with a simultaneous boost to the PET-positive recurrences. EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR-25 questionnaires were used to assess HRQOL. Continence status was assessed using daily pad usage and the validated ICIQ-SF questionnaire. For multivariable analysis, Cox regression models were used (p<0.05).

Results

138 patients (SLND: 71; SLNRT: 67) were included in the retrospective analysis. Median follow-up was 47 months (mo) for SLNRT patients (IQR 40–61), and 33mo for SLND patients (IQR 20–49; p<0.001). In total, 61 patients (91.0%) in the SLNRT cohort and 43 patients (65.2%; p<0.001) in the SLND cohort underwent ADT anytime during the follow-up period. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, SLNRT could be confirmed as an independent predictor for increased PSA progression-free survival (PFS; HR 0.08, 95%CI 0.040 – 0.142, p<0.001). Estimated median metastasis-free survival (MFS) was 70mo for the total cohort without statistically significant differences between both subgroups (p=0.216). There were no significant differences regarding general HRQOL, daily pad usage, and ICIQ-SF scores between the respective cohorts.

Conclusions

In a large contemporary series of patients with nodal-only recurrent PC based on PSMA-PET/CT staging, we observed significantly increased PSA PFS in patients undergoing SLNRT while no significant differences could be observed in MFS, and functional outcomes including HRQOL.
Agent-Based Modeling as a Legal Theory Tool
Authors: Benthall Sebastian , Strandburg Katherine J.
Published: June 2021

Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a versatile social scientific research tool that adapts insights from sociology and physics to study complex social systems. Currently, ABM is nearly absent from legal literature that evaluates and proposes laws and regulations to achieve various social goals. Rather, quantitative legal scholarship is currently most characterized by the Law and Economics (L&E) approach, which relies on a more limited modeling framework. The time is ripe for more use of ABM in this scholarship. Recent developments in legal theory have highlighted the complexity of society and law’s structural and systemic effects on it. ABM’s wide adoption as a method in the social sciences, including recently in economics, demonstrates its ability to address precisely these regulatory design issues.
The New Is Old: Novel Germination Strategy Evolved From Standing Genetic Variation in Weedy Rice
Authors: Zhou Chengchuan , Feng Yang , Li Gengyun , Wang Mengli , Jian Jinjing , Wang Yuguo , Zhang Wenju , Song Zhiping , Li Linfeng , Lu Baorong , Yang Ji
Published: June 2021

Feralization of crop plants has aroused an increasing interest in recent years, not only for the reduced yield and quality of crop production caused by feral plants but also for the rapid evolution of novel traits that facilitate the evolution and persistence of weedy forms. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is a conspecific weed of cultivated rice, with separate and independent origins. The weedy rice distributed in eastern and northeastern China did not diverge from their cultivated ancestors by reverting to the pre-domestication trait of seed dormancy during feralization. Instead, they developed a temperature-sensing mechanism to control the timing of seed germination. Subsequent divergence in the minimum critical temperature for germination has been detected between northeastern and eastern populations. An integrative analysis was conducted using combinations of phenotypic, genomic and transcriptomic data to investigate the genetic mechanism underlying local adaptation and feralization. A dozen genes were identified, which showed extreme allele frequency differences between eastern and northeastern populations, and high correlations between allele-specific gene expression and feral phenotypes. Trancing the origin of potential adaptive alleles based on genomic sequences revealed the presence of most selected alleles in wild and cultivated rice genomes, indicating that weedy rice drew upon pre-existing, “conditionally neutral” alleles to respond to the feral selection regimes. The cryptic phenotype was exposed by activating formerly silent alleles to facilitate the transition from cultivation to wild existence, promoting the evolution and persistence of weedy forms.
Deliberative Teaching as an Emergent Field: The Challenge of Articulating Diverse Research Agendas to Promote Educational Experiences for Citizenship
Authors: Larrain Antonia , Fortes Gabriel , Rojas María Teresa
Published: June 2021

Democracies are increasingly dependent upon sustainable citizenship, that is, active participation and engagement with the exercising of rights in a field of plural interests, often contradictory and in conflict. This type of citizenship requires not only social inclusion, habits of knowledge, and evidence-based reasoning but also argumentation skills, such as the individual and social capacity to dispute and exercise individual and social rights, and to deal peacefully with sociopolitical conflict. There is empirical evidence that educational deliberative argumentation has a lasting impact on the deep and flexible understanding of knowledge, argumentation skills, and political and citizenship education. However, these three trends of research have developed independently with insufficient synergy. Considering the relevance of deliberative education for contemporaneous democracies and citizenship, in this paper we seek to converge in a field of interlocution, calling it deliberative teaching. Our aim is to propose a way to increase the dialog and collaboration between the diffuse literature on argumentation and education, highlighting both the main theoretical and empirical gaps and challenges that remain and the possibilities to advance our knowledge and the educational impact that this integrating field could offer.
Blue as an Underrated Alternative to Green: Photoplethysmographic Heartbeat Intervals Estimation under Two Temperature Conditions
Authors: Shchelkanova Evgeniia , Shchapova Liia , Shchelkanov Alexander , Shibata Tomohiro
Published: June 2021

Since photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are usually placed on open skin areas, temperature interference can be an issue. Currently, green light is the most widely used in the reflectance PPG for its relatively low artifact susceptibility. However, it has been known that hemoglobin absorption peaks at the blue part of the spectrum. Despite this fact, blue light has received little attention in the PPG field. Blue wavelengths are commonly used in phototherapy. Combining blue light-based treatments with simultaneous blue PPG acquisition could be potentially used in patients monitoring and studying the biological effects of light. Previous studies examining the PPG in blue light compared to other wavelengths employed photodetectors with inherently lower sensitivity to blue, thereby biasing the results. The present study assessed the accuracy of heartbeat intervals (HBIs) estimation from blue and green PPG signals, acquired under baseline and cold temperature conditions. Our PPG system is based on TCS3472 Color Sensor with equal sensitivity to both parts of the light spectrum to ensure unbiased comparison. The accuracy of the HBIs estimates, calculated with five characteristic points (PPG systolic peak, maximum of the first PPG derivative, maximum of the second PPG derivative, minimum of the second PPG derivative, and intersecting tangents) on both PPG signal types, was evaluated based on the electrocardiographic values. The statistical analyses demonstrated that in all cases, the HBIs estimation accuracy of blue PPG was nearly equivalent to the G PPG irrespective of the characteristic point and measurement condition. Therefore, blue PPG can be used for cardiovascular parameter acquisition. This paper is an extension of work originally presented at the 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.