bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Hexafluoridozirconates MgZrF6·5H2O, MgZrF6·2H2O, and MgZrF6: Structures, Phase Transitions, and Internal Mobility of Water Molecules
Authors: Gerasimenko Andrey V. , Gaivoronskaya Kseniya A. , Slobodyuk Arseny B. , Didenko Nina A.
Published: October 2017

The MgZrF6·nH2O (n = 5, 2 and 0) compounds were studied by the methods of X‐ray diffraction and 19F, MAS 19F, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. At room temperature, the compound MgZrF6·5H2O has a monoclinic C‐centered unit cell and is composed of isolated chains of edge‐sharing ZrF8 dodecahedra reinforced with MgF2(H2O)4 octahedra and uncoordinated H2O molecules and characterized by a disordered system of hydrogen bonds. In the temperature range 259 to 255 K, a reversible monoclinic ↔ two‐domain triclinic phase transition is observed. The phase transition is accompanied with ordering of hydrogen atoms positions and the system of hydrogen bonds. The structure of MgZrF6·2H2O comprises a three‐dimensional framework consisting of chains of edge‐sharing ZrF8 dodecahedra linked to each other through MgF4(H2O)2 octahedra. The compound MgZrF6 belongs to the NaSbF6 type and is built from regular ZrF6 and MgF6 octahedra linked into a three‐dimensional framework through linear Zr–F–Mg bridges. The peaks in 19F MAS spectra were attributed to the fluorine structural positions. The motions of structural water molecules were studied by variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Prism Inside: Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of the Lanthanide(III) Chloride Oxidotungstates(VI) Ln3Cl3[WO6] (Ln = La – Nd, Sm – Tb)
Authors: Dorn Katharina V. , Blaschkowski Björn , Förg Katharina , Netzsch Philip , Höppe Henning A. , Hartenbach Ingo
Published: October 2017

The lanthanide(III) chloride oxidotungstates(VI) with the formula Ln3Cl3[WO6] for Ln = La – Nd, Sm – Tb were synthesized by solid‐state reactions utilizing the respective lanthanide trichloride, lanthanide sesquioxide (where available), and tungsten trioxide together with lithium chloride as flux. The title compounds crystallize hexagonally in space group P63/m (no. 176, a = 941–909, c = 543–525 pm, Z = 2). The structures comprise crystallographically unique Ln3+ cations surrounded by six O2– and four Cl– anions (C.N. = 10) forming distorted tetracapped trigonal prisms as well as rather uncommon trigonal prismatic [WO6]6– units, whose edges are coordinated by nine Ln3+ cations. Thus, a 3∞{([WO6]Lne9/3)3+} framework (e = edge‐sharing) is created, which contains tube‐shaped channels along [001] lined with chloride anions. To elucidate the spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the obtained pure phase samples, single‐crystal Raman (for Ln = La – Nd, Sm–Tb), diffuse reflectance (for Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Gd), and luminescence spectroscopy (for bulk Ln3Cl3[WO6] (Ln = La, Eu, Gd, Tb) and Eu3+‐ or Tb3+‐doped derivatives of La3Cl3[WO6] and Gd3Cl3[WO6], respectively) were performed and their temperature‐dependent magnetic moments (for Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd) were determined.
Aluminum/Nitrogen Cycles and an Open Cage with Al–H and N–H Functions
Authors: Veith Michael , Walgenbach Andreas , Huch Volker , Kohlmann Holger
Published: October 2017

The cyclic tert‐butyl‐amino alane dimer [tBu–N(H)AlH2]2 (1) was obtained from reaction between alane with tert‐butylamine and its boranate derivative [tBu–N(H)–Al(BH4)2)]2 (2) subsequently from 1 by hydride/chloride exchange using PbCl2 followed by reaction with LiBH4. Both compounds form four‐membered Al2N2 cycles with typical Al–N bond lengths of 1.940(5) Å (1) and 1.945(5) Å (2) as found from X‐ray diffraction analysis. The tert‐butyl substituents at the nitrogen atoms may be situated at the same side of the ring (cis) or at opposite sides (trans). For compound 1 both isomers are present in solution, showing particular temperature dependent NMR shifts. In the solid both compounds 1 and 2 adopt the trans arrangement. When 1 is reacted with PbCl2 in half of the molarity ratio used for 2, surprisingly the novel compound 3, a zwitterion, can be obtained: [(tBu–N)(Al–H)3(tBu–N(H))3Cl((H)N–tBu)3(Al–H)2(Al–Cl)(N–tBu)]+[(tBu–N)(tBu–N(H))(AlCl2)2]–. X‐ray structure analysis reveals that the anion is made of a tert‐butyl amino aluminum dichloride dimer (central Al2N2 ring) with one of the two nitrogen atoms being deprotonated. The cationic counterpart consists of three entities: (i) There is a first seco‐norcubane like Al3N4 basket with tert‐butyl groups at the nitrogen atoms, two hydride and one chloride ligand at the aluminum atoms and three hydrogen atoms on the open side of the basket, all pointing in the same direction; (ii) There is a second similar Al3N4 basket with the same substituent pattern except that all aluminum atoms have exclusively hydrogen ligands; (iii) Both baskets coordinate a central chloride through the six protons at the open nitrogen face of the baskets in such a way that the chloride lies in the center of a H6 trigonal anti‐prism [mean H–Cl–H = 56.1(9)°]. As each of the open cages has a positive charge the overall charge by combination with the chloride adds to +1. The structure of the cationic part of 3 is unprecedented in AlN polycycles.
Ethics of Fallibility
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind
Published: October 2017

An ethics of fallibility can have a normative and a descriptive dimension. The normative traditions of consequentialism and duty ethics provide conflicting advice about what is the morally right response to different kinds of mistakes. The chapter outlines some theoretical resources available to formulate a normative platform for coping with fallibility, both with regard to what from a moral point of view should happen ahead of critical events where people are likely to make mistakes, in the midst of such events, and in their aftermath. The descriptive dimension of an ethics of fallibility addresses alternative explanations to why people become involved in moral misbehavior, and often continue to be so once they have habituated a certain behavioral pattern. In the final section of the chapter, the normative and descriptive dimensions are combined in a stance on forgiveness. Considerations of whether a person who has made a moral mistake ought to be forgiven (a normative issue) can be informed by knowledge about why people make such mistakes (a descriptive issue).
Best Estimate Selection Bias in the Value of a Statistical Life
Authors: Viscusi W. Kip
Published: October 2017

Selection of the best estimates of economic parameters frequently relies on the “best estimates” or a meta-analysis of the “best set” of parameter estimates from the literature. Using an all-set dataset consisting of all reported estimates of the value of a statistical life (VSL) as well as a best-set sample of the best estimates from these studies, this article estimates statistically significant publication selection biases in each case. Biases are much greater for the best-set sample, as one might expect, given the subjective nature of the best-set selection process. For the all-set sample, the mean bias-corrected estimate of the VSL for the preferred specification is $8.1 million for the whole sample and $11.4 million based on the CFOI data, while for the best-set results, the whole sample value is $3.5 million, and the CFOI data estimate is $4.4 million. Previous estimates of huge publication selection biases in the VSL estimates are attributable to these studies’ reliance on best-set samples.
A paired training curriculum and internal monitoring program for clinical research regulatory compliance in the emerging era of the single Institutional Review Board
Authors: Jarrell T. Che , Hamblin Frances , Ford Daniel E. , Powell Sylvia R. , Ellen Jonathan M. , Goldenberg Neil A.
Published: October 2017

Background

Academic health systems and their investigators are challenged to systematically assure clinical research regulatory compliance. This challenge is heightened in the emerging era of centralized single Institutional Review Boards for multicenter studies, which rely on monitoring programs at each participating site.

Objective

To describe the development, implementation, and outcome measurement of an institution-wide paired training curriculum and internal monitoring program for clinical research regulatory compliance.

Methods

Standard operating procedures (SOPs) were developed to facilitate investigator and research professional adherence to institutional policies, federal guidelines, and international standards. An SOP training curriculum was developed and implemented institution-wide. An internal monitoring program was launched, utilizing risk-based monitoring plans of pre-specified frequency and intensity, assessed upon Institutional Review Boards approval of each prospective study. Monitoring plans were executed according to an additional SOP on internal monitoring, with monitoring findings captured in a REDCap database.

Results

We observed few major violations across 3 key domains of clinical research conduct and demonstrated a meaningful decrease in the rates of nonmajor violations in each, over the course of 2 years.

Conclusion

The paired training curriculum and monitoring program is a successful institution-wide clinical research regulatory compliance model that will continue to be refined.
THE MIXED LEGACY OF MAGNA CARTA FOR AMERICAN RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Authors: Green Steven K.
Published: October 2017

In 2015 Magna Carta celebrated its 800th anniversary. The Great Charter has been widely heralded as a fount of many rights that are highly valued in British and American law. One right that people have identified in the Carta is that of religious freedom. Magna Carta contains two provisions guaranteeing freedom of the church from government authority. In 2013, the United States Supreme Court relied on that authority in a ruling that affirmed the principle of religious autonomy. This article argues that relying on the legacy of Magna Carta for the principle of religious freedom is tenuous: the document had little influence on the development of the First Amendment. Even Magna Carta's authority for the principle of church autonomy is overstated, as the Carta had nothing to do with the development of that principle in American law. Finally, judicial reliance on Magna Carta for the principle of religious freedom risks elevating protections for religious institutions over the interests of individuals. As a result, the legacy of Magna Carta for the principle of religious freedom is mixed, at best.
An integrated Structure-from-Motion and time-lapse technique for quantifying ice-margin dynamics
Authors: MALLALIEU JOSEPH , CARRIVICK JONATHAN L. , QUINCEY DUNCAN J. , SMITH MARK W. , JAMES WILLIAM H.M.
Published: October 2017

Fine resolution topographic data derived from methods such as Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) have the potential to provide detailed observations of geomorphological change, but have thus far been limited by the logistical constraints of conducting repeat surveys in the field. Here, we present the results from an automated time-lapse camera array, deployed around an ice-marginal lake on the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet. Fifteen cameras acquired imagery three-times per day over a 426 day period, yielding a dataset of ~19 000 images. From these data we derived 18 point clouds of the ice-margin across a range of seasons and successfully identified calving events (ranging from 234 to 1475 m2in area and 815–8725 m3in volume) induced by ice cliff undercutting at the waterline and the collapse of spalling flakes. Low ambient light levels, locally reflective surfaces and the large survey range hindered analysis of smaller scale ice-margin dynamics. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that an integrated SfM-MVS and time-lapse approach can be employed to generate long-term 3-D topographic datasets and thus quantify ice-margin dynamics at a fine spatio-temporal scale. This approach provides a template for future studies of geomorphological change.
Relationships between loess and the Silk Road reflected by environmental change and its implications for human societies in the area of ancient Panjikent, central Asia
Authors: Owczarek Piotr , Opała-Owczarek Magdalena , Rahmonov Oimahmad , Razzokov Abdurauf , Jary Zdzisław , Niedźwiedź Tadeusz
Published: October 2017

Rich ancient societies of central Asia developed on the basis of trade between East and West; their existence was dependent on natural resources that favoured agriculture. The branches of the Silk Road in central Asia clearly coincide with loess areas, where many settlements were erected based on the presence of fertile loess soil and water. The aim of the study was to analyse the environmental factors that led to the growth and decline of one of the most important Silk Road “loess towns,” ancient Panjikent, as an example of human and climatic impacts on landscape changes. The town, established in the fifth century, quickly became one of the most important cities of Sogdiana. Local loess material was used for the production of the sun-dried bricks. Rapid population growth led to deforestation and consequently increased the intensity of erosion rates and reductions in cultivation area. A period of drought near the end of the first millennium AD influenced the final abandonment of the ancient town and its relocation to the lower terrace of the Zarafshan River. A decline in natural and agricultural resources and subsequently climatic forces caused a decline in the number of cities in semiarid regions of central Asia.
AN APPROACH TO CHARACTERISE AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOODS AND LIVELIHOOD ZONES USING NATIONAL CENSUS DATA IN TIMOR-LESTE
Authors: WILLIAMS ROBERT L. , BACON SAMUEL , FERREIRA ADALFREDO , ERSKINE WILLIAM
Published: October 2017

This research aimed to develop a typology of agriculture in Timor-Leste using national census data at the village level. Although Timor-Leste is a relatively small nation, its varied topography contains a rich diversity in agricultural livelihoods, from coffee covered mountains, to dryland-swidden agriculture. Each of the livelihoods are very complex, with a single household often managing more than 10 crop and 4–5 animal species in very small holdings. Using census data from each village only, statistical clustering analysis was used to group villages with similar levels of participation in crop and livestock production. The clustered village groups were then mapped, and it was seen that villages in each cluster, occupied particular locations. Using expert knowledge about the locations of each cluster, livelihood zones based on a small number of rules were defined to mimic the output of the clustering. Seven livelihood zones were identified from mapping the livelihood systems. These included three zones with irrigation (rice-based), two highland zones (coffee-based) and two lowland zones based on rain-fed agriculture. Government and development agencies have endorsed the typology of livelihood zones, which is now in use for planning and decision-making. The technique of using national census data to define agricultural zones through statistical clustering can be replicated wherever there is reliable village-level census data.
NONNUS' ‘YOUNGER LEGEND’: THE BIRTH OF BEROË AND THE DIDACTIC TRADITION
Authors: Faulkner Andrew
Published: October 2017

The forty-first book of Nonnus' Dionysiaca takes as its central theme Beroë, the sea nymph identified with the city of Beirut in Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon). Nonnus associates Beroë closely with Amymone. She is pursued sexually by both Dionysus and Poseidon, with the latter proving victorious, a story which Nonnus recounts in the next book of his poem. In Book 41, however, the narrative focuses upon the foundation of the city and Beroë’s birth. Nonnus initially dwells on Beirut's geographical setting and its first inhabitants, before turning to the birth of Aphrodite, who is said to arrive first at Beirut, not Cythera or Cyprus as in other accounts (Nonnus, Dion. 41.97–119).
AUGUSTUSSENEX:OLD AGE AND THE REMAKING OF THE PRINCIPATE
Authors: Harlow Mary , Laurence Ray
Published: October 2017

In Septemberad1, on the occasion of his birthday, Augustus wrote to Gaius, his adopted son and grandson by Julia and Agrippa, complaining about his age, stating that he had

passed the climacteric common to all old men, the sixty-fourth year. And I pray the gods that whatever time is left to me I may pass with you safe and well, with our country in a flourishing condition, while you are playing the man and preparing to succeed to my position.

(Gell.NA15.7)
Reception
Authors: Paul Joanna
Published: October 2017

In American Arcadia, Peter Holliday offers readers a sumptuous and fascinating account of ‘California and the Classical Tradition’. Beautifully presented and illustrated, this book is not only a thought-provoking and pleasurable read but also a valuable addition to the body of scholarship that has explored classical receptions in the United States at some length in recent years. Much of that scholarship has focused on now familiar terrain, from the fixation on antiquity in Hollywood and popular culture more broadly, to the grandiose evocations of classical architecture in eastern cities such as Washington, DC, and New York. California, by contrast, for all its prominence on the world stage and in the cultural imagination, might not spring so readily to mind as a rich locus of classical receptions, but Holliday convincingly demonstrates ‘how Californians used classical antiquity as a metaphor for fashioning the Golden State and their own lives in it’ (355). Although well-known buildings such as the Getty Villa, Hearst Castle, and Caesar's Palace rightly receive lengthy discussion, there are a wealth of examples which are likely to be new to many readers, from the nineteenth-century Hungarian refugee building a Pompeian villa in a self-consciously Arcadian landscape, to the 1960s development of the CalArts campus, whose Modernist architects yet proclaimed their debt to Athens and Rome. Nor is the book solely concerned with architecture. Although the built environment is at its core, the full range of Californian identification with, and appropriation of, classical imagery and ideology is explored. The final chapter, for example, shows how pursuers of the quintessentially Californian healthy lifestyle and body beautiful knowingly looked to classical paradigms on multiple occasions. Resisting the temptation to frame all of this in a conventional ‘classical tradition’ approach, Holliday takes pains to show the full extent of the interaction and innovation that characterizes Californian classicism, and the resulting study is highly recommended.
A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL MIGRATION, DIVORCE AND WELL-BEING IN CHINA
Authors: Bhargava Alok , Tan Xiayun
Published: October 2017

The rapid economic growth in China has been accompanied by increases in internal migration as well as marital dissolution. Using longitudinal data from China Health and Nutrition Surveys covering over 19,000 individuals during 1989–2011, this study modelled the inter-relationships between internal migration, divorce and individual well-being, tackling conceptual and methodological aspects such as the joint determination of variables. First, random effects probit models showed that the migration periods of husbands and wives significantly increased their respective chances of divorce. Second, results from dynamic random effects models for self-reported health showed different effects of separation periods for husbands and wives; divorce did not significantly lower health status. Third, dynamic models for systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed significant effects of migration durations of husbands and wives; men hadlowersystolic blood pressure following divorce thereby indicating beneficial effects for unhappily married couples. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Diseased Plantations: Law and the political economy of health in Assam, 1860–1920
Authors: DEY ARNAB
Published: October 2017

This article argues that ideas of health and disease in the Assam tea plantations of northeastern India exceeded instrumental logics of bodily disorder, medical ‘objectivity’, and preventive cure. It looks at cholera, kala-azar (or black-fever), and malaria—the three main killers in these estates—to show that imperatives of private capital and law conditioned and constrained parameters of well-being, mortality, and morbidity in these plantations. It therefore suggests that epidemiological theories and praxis emerged from a simultaneous—but expedient—reading of three versions of the labour body: the pathological, the productive, and the legal. The overlaps between commerce, law, and pathogens provide for a unique, if not exceptional, social history of health in colonial India.
Ensemble Intercontemporain at 40, Philharmonie de Paris
Authors: Jones Stephanie
Published: October 2017

In response to Paul Valéry's words after the First World War in La Crise de l'esprit – ‘We later civilisations … we too now know that we are mortal’ – the French philosopher Bernard Stiegler remarks, in his own chapter entitled ‘Apocalypse Without God’ in his What Makes Life Worth Living,

We too, earthlings of the twenty-first century know that we are capable of self-destruction. And if in the past the possibility of such an extinction of our kind was inconceivable other than as the consequence of God's anger – of original sin – today there is no longer any religious reference at the origin of this extreme global pessimism’ (p. 9).
Maerzmusik 2017, Berlin
Authors: Phillips Robert
Published: October 2017

One particularly engaging historical inquiry at Maerzmusik 2017 was the concert titled Re-inventing Smetak, a concert with two documentary interludes on Brazil-based composer and instrument builder Walter Smetak, as well as premieres of commissions of living composers to write for his instruments, most notably Liza Lim's Ronda – The Spinning World, which integrated Smetak's conceptualisation of the world as ‘polarities of energy flowing across and spiraling around axes of evolution and he built his instruments or Plásticas Sonoras (sound sculptures) to express his complex symbology of spiritual relations’. ‘Across and spiraling around axis of evolution’ referred in part to the sprawling percussion-instrument tree in the centre of the stage with branches of tiny percussion objects dangling from its limbs, and a few scattered barrel-like instruments that made ratchet-like noises when they were turned and rotated by the percussionists. Percussion is already so varied nowadays that one isn't easily engaged by undiscovered instruments from the past, yet Lim's piece also included some sensitive, signature string writing and was able to incorporate Smetak's percussion instruments and jangle and rattle and integrate them at significant formal moments – navigating the physical spectacle on stage and navigating a tricky compositional assignment.
NON-PIANO, IKLECTIK Arts Lab, London
Authors: Raybould Natalie
Published: October 2017

March 18 was the first-ever World Toy Piano Day, and what better occasion for a concert showcasing this intriguing instrument. The pianist Xenia Pestova hosted Non-Piano at IKLECTIK Art Lab; the toy piano naturally took centre stage, with guest appearances from other non-piano keyboard instruments. IKLECTIK was an inspired venue – cosy without being cramped, with an acoustic that could accommodate both intimate whisperings and all-engulfing sound worlds. Pestova performed in every piece and was also a very charming host, establishing an informal tone from the get-go. No programmes (a boon! – no rustling), so everything was announced, with explanation of gestation and performance history. The relaxed surroundings well suited the exploratory and educational nature of the evening.
Commercial song
Authors: Eco Umberto
Published: October 2017

The authors of this book present four complementary approaches to the issue of commercial song, i.e. of that ‘gastronomic’ music produced by the music industry in order to meet trends that the industry itself discovers (and feeds) in the national market. The fact that they have restricted the focus of their inquiry to ‘gastronomic’ music already suggests the polemic attitude of their studies: considering that the whole family of ‘bad music’ – music aimed at satisfying needs by definition trivial, superficial, immediate, short-lived and vulgar – is examined and accused here, the reader might think that the authors have employed a considerable number of pages to convince us of something we never doubted. Yet the authors felt the need to establish – albeit by means of analyses that are at times animated and angry – the historical and structural foundations of such musical sleaze.
Having the sceptre: Wu-Tang Clan and the aura of music in the age of digital reproduction
Authors: Green Ben
Published: October 2017

Hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan sold only one, expensive copy of their album,Once Upon A Time in Shaolin. This exemplifies recent strategies by popular music artists to establish their work as art, with what Walter Benjamin calls ‘aura’, in response to the accessibility and dematerialisation enabled by digital technology as well as longstanding cultural condescension. Critics argue that popular music should not be restricted but shared, with digital technology increasing opportunities for shared consumption. This article considers the fate of music's aura in the age of mechanical reproduction, arguing that it does not disappear but is dispersed and diversified. The digital acceleration of mass reproduction has drawn mixed responses from artists, fans and commentators, andShaolinand similar projects show how the separation of music from its physical commodity form has brought renewed attention to perennial tensions between the popular, artistic and commercial aspects of popular music.
Post-imperialism, imaginary geography and the women of Led Zeppelin'sIV
Authors: Smith Erin Sweeney
Published: October 2017

Led Zeppelin have long been hailed as the ambassadors of cock rock. Yet, the band's fourth album – the commercial behemoth otherwise known asIV– features collaborations with two women: Sandy Denny's vocal contributions to ‘The Battle of Evermore’ and Memphis Minnie's co-songwriting credit on ‘When the Levee Breaks’. The two tracks feature landscapes dominated by powerful female forces via Denny's Queen of Light character and her counterpart embodied in Memphis Minnie's dark floodwaters. Through an analysis of both songs’ feminised soundscapes, I explore the links between Zeppelin's musical style and the social and political climate of 1970s post-imperial Britain. Investigation into these women's roles not only fills a gap in Led Zeppelin research, but also allows for a wider consideration of the connection between gender and representations of landscape as an important component for popular music study, particularly in terms of the cultural attitudes and politics of a post-imperial nation.
Reflections on the challenges of exhibiting popular music at the beginning of the 21st century through a case study of ‘A Magia do Vinil’
Authors: Cortez Alcina
Published: October 2017

This paper sets out to reflect on the implications of the heritagisation of popular music by museums. ‘Heritage’ is not something that holds intrinsic value but rather represents a social construction that produces difference by adding value to specific objects within particular social dynamics. This means that heritagisation processes operant in museums prove highly susceptible to ideological distortion and hence require scrutiny. Studying the case of the Portuguese exhibitionA Magia do Vinil, a Música que Mudou a Sociedade, I analyse two specific domains: the concepts and the narrative deployed to address popular music discursively; and the objects selected for exhibition, in conjunction with the interactive practices they foster with audiences. This case study demonstrates how popular music heritagisation practices may largely correspond with those approaches taken by conventional art exhibitions – not only through the uncritical discourses they reproduce concerning their subject matter, but also through the idea that vision is the means for engaging museumgoers.
Effects of puma on the diversity and composition of Neotropical mammals
Authors: Breviglieri Crasso Paulo B. , Laundré John W. , Romero Gustavo Q.
Published: October 2017

Prey seek to minimize predation risk by moving across the landscape in search of safer areas. Yet, these movements are associated with risks that depend on the intrinsic attributes of the species involved. We evaluated the effect of presence of an apex predator (Puma concolor) on the composition of a community of medium and large-bodied terrestrial mammal species in 23 forest fragments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, based on overnight footprint surveys over 2 y. We tested if (1) presence of the puma decreases species richness (prey and mesopredator), (2) landscape features interact with puma effects, altering the composition and richness of prey, (3) darker nights strengthen the predation risk effects of puma and (4) this effect can vary among prey species. The puma reduced the richness of prey species by ~45% and presence of mesopredator by 11%. Larger forest fragments and darker nights strengthened the effects of puma on the mammal community. Most prey species showed negative associations with the apex predator, while others were unaffected or showed a positive association. These results add new knowledge about the effects of predation risk and of the landscape characteristics on the composition of the mammal community and the behaviour of different species. Furthermore, our results indicate that medium and large mammals live in a landscape of fear in Neotropical forest remnants.
On Edge-Disjoint Spanning Trees in a Randomly Weighted Complete Graph
Authors: FRIEZE ALAN , JOHANSSON TONY
Published: October 2017

Assume that the edges of the complete graphKnare given independent uniform [0, 1] weights. We consider the expected minimum total weightμkofk⩽ 2 edge-disjoint spanning trees. Whenkis large we show thatμk≈k2. Most of the paper is concerned with the casek= 2. We show thatm2tends to an explicitly defined constant and thatμ2≈ 4.1704288. . . .
ON PERFORMATIVITY: OPTION THEORY AND THE RESISTANCE OF FINANCIAL PHENOMENA
Authors: Brisset Nicolas
Published: October 2017

The issue of performativity concerns the claim that economics shape rather than merely describe the social world. This idea took hold following a paper by Donald MacKenzie and Yuval Millo entitled “Constructing a Market, Performing Theory: The Historical Sociology of a Financial Derivatives Exchange” (2003). That paper constitutes an important contribution to the history of economic thought, since it provides an original way to focus on the scientific construction of the real economy. The authors discuss the empirical success of the Black–Scholes–Merton (BSM) model on the Chicago Board Options Exchange during the period from 1973 to 1987. They explain this success in part as instead of discovering pre-existing price regularities, the model was used by traders to anticipate option prices in their arbitrages. As a result, option prices came to correspond to the theoretical prices derived from the BSM model. In the present article I show that this is not a completely correct conclusion, since the BSM model never became a self-fulfilling model. I would claim that the October 1987 stock market crash is empirical proof that the financial world never fit with the economic theory underpinning the BSM.
Emerging trends: A tribute to Charles Wayne
Authors: CHURCH KENNETH WARD
Published: October 2017

Charles Wayne restarted funding in speech and language in the mid-1980s after a funding winter brought on by Pierce’s glamour-and-deceit criticisms in the ALPAC report and ‘Whither Speech Recognition’. Wayne introduced a new glamour-and-deceit-proof idea, an emphasis on evaluation. No other sort of program could have been funded at the time, at least in America. One could argue that Wayne has been so successful that the program no longer needs him to continue on. These days, shared tasks and leaderboards have become common place in speech and language (and vision and machine learning) research. That said, I am concerned that the community may not appreciate what it has got until it’s gone. Wayne has been doing much more than merely running competitions, but he did what he did in such a subtle Columbo-like way. Going forward, government funding is being eclipsed by consumer markets. Those of us with research to sell need to find more and more ways to be relevant to potential sponsors given this new world order.
Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Trimmer Chris , Tyo Richard , Pikard Jennifer , McKenna Claire , Naeem Farooq
Published: October 2017

Background: Music has the potential to be an effective and engaging therapeutic intervention in the treatment of mental illness. This research area remains underdeveloped. Aims: This paper reports the feasibility of an innovative low-intensity CBT-based music (CBT-Music) group targeted to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Method: A total of 28 participants with symptoms of depression and anxiety who were attending community mental health services were recruited for the study and randomized into TAU (treatment as usual) plus low-intensity CBT-Music (treatment) or to TAU alone (control). The treatment group consisted of a 9-week music group that incorporated various components of CBT material into a musical context. Feasibility was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were a reduction in depression, anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and disability (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0) assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. Results: Recruitment proved feasible, retention rates were high, and the participants reported a high level of acceptability. A randomized control study design was successfully implemented as there were no significant differences between treatment and control groups at baseline. Participants in the treatment group showed improvement in disability (p = 0.027). Despite a reduction in depression and anxiety scores, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: A low-intensity CBT-based music group can be successfully administered to clients of community mental health services. There are indications of effectiveness in reducing disability, although there appears to be negligible effect on symptoms of anxiety and depression. This is the first report of a trial of a low-intensity CBT-based music group intervention.
Reasons for Treatment Non-Response: A Controlled Study of Patients’ Views in Pain Rehabilitation
Authors: Vittersø A. D. , Keogh E. , Gauntlett-Gilbert J.
Published: October 2017

Background: Understanding successful and unsuccessful behavioural treatment for pain is essential. Aims: We carried out a retrospective survey of 130 people who had undergone pain rehabilitation based on acceptance and commitment therapy, aiming to identify factors associated with non-response. Method: The sample was selected using the reliable change index to define ‘responders’ and ‘non-responders’ to key outcome measures. We surveyed a range of treatment-related, systemic, practical and personal factors that may have affected their treatment, and then compared ‘non-responders’ with ‘responders’, controlling for factors that might not be causal or specific to non-response. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed two themes that distinguished the groups, ‘people outside programme’ and ‘emotional state’. Conclusions: These data have clinical implications, as such factors can be addressed directly or incorporated into an assessment of treatment ‘readiness’. This study introduced a novel methodology for the investigation of pain treatment response, which allowed a broad study of clinically relevant variables, but with greater rigour than conventional self-reports of ‘helpful factors’ in treatment.
Bilingualism confers advantages in task switching: Evidence from the dimensional change card sort task
Authors: YANG HWAJIN , HARTANTO ANDREE , YANG SUJIN
Published: October 2017

We examined the influence of bilingualism on task switching by inspecting various markers for task-switching costs. English monolinguals and Korean–English bilinguals completed a modified Dimensional Change Card Sort task based on a nonverbal task-switching paradigm. We found advantages for Korean–English bilinguals in terms of smaller single-task (pure-block) switch costs and greater reactivation benefits than those of English monolinguals. However, bilingual advantages in mixing costs were relatively weak, and the two groups did not differ on local switch costs. Notably, when we approximated the cue-based priming effect in single-task (pure) blocks, we found no evidence that the locus of bilingual advantages in task-switching performance is attributable to a basic cue-priming effect. Taken together, our results suggest that bilingualism is conducive to task switching via facilitation in control processing, including inhibition of proactive interferences and efficient adaptation to abstract task-set reactivation.
Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences – evidence for mediation by adulthood adverse life events
Authors: Bhavsar V. , Boydell J. , McGuire P. , Harris V. , Hotopf M. , Hatch S. L. , MacCabe J. H. , Morgan C.
Published: October 2017

Aims.

We have previously reported an association between childhood abuse and psychotic experiences (PEs) in survey data from South East London. Childhood abuse is related to subsequent adulthood adversity, which could form one pathway to PEs. We aimed to investigate evidence of mediation of the association between childhood abuse and PEs by adverse life events.

Methods.

Data were analysed from the South East London Community Health Study (SELCoH,n= 1698). Estimates of the total effects on PEs of any physical or sexual abuse while growing up were partitioned into direct (i.e. unmediated) and indirect (total and specific) effects, mediatedviaviolent and non-violent life events.

Results.

There was strong statistical evidence for direct (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.19–2.1) and indirect (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.32–1.72) effects of childhood abuse on PEs after adjustment for potential confounders, indicating partial mediation of this effectviaviolent and non-violent life events. An estimated 47% of the total effect of abuse on PEs was mediatedviaadulthood adverse life events, of which violent life events made up 33% and non-violent life events the remaining 14%.

Conclusions.

The association between childhood abuse and PEs is partly mediated through the experience of adverse life events in adulthood. There is some evidence that a larger proportion of this effect was mediated through violent life events than non-violent life events.
Effect of Fumigation with 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin on Fomesafen Dissipation in Eggplant Plasticulture Production
Authors: Reed Thomas V. , Boyd Nathan S. , Wilson P. Christopher , Dittmar Peter J.
Published: October 2017

Fomesafen is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitor that has the potential to be used as an alternative mechanism of action for PRE nutsedge and broadleaf weed control in Florida production of small fruit and vegetables. Fumigation in the raised-bed plasticulture system may increase herbicide persistence. Fomesafen persistence could dissuade Florida growers from using the herbicide for fear of injury to subsequent susceptible crops. Field experiments were conducted in Balm, FL, in 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effect of fumigation on fomesafen dissipation, eggplant tolerance, and purple nutsedge control. Treatments included fomesafen at 0.42 kg ai ha−1,S-metolachlor at 1.06 kg ai ha−1, and a nontreated control in either a fumigated bed injected with a combination of 39% 1,3-dichloropropene and 59.6% chloropicrin at 336 kg ha−1or no fumigant. Fomesafen concentration in the soil decreased by 83% and 96% from application to harvest in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Fumigation did not affect fomesafen dissipation in either year. At 2 wk after transplant (WATr), fomesafen caused 14% eggplant injury. Injury decreased to less than 5% at 6 WATr. Fomesafen andS-metolachlor treatments did not reduce eggplant height or yields compared with the nontreated control. Fumigation and fomesafen did not decrease purple nutsedge density; however,S-metolachlor applications resulted in a 48% reduction. Further research is needed to assess efficacy on broadleaf and grass weeds.
The Effectiveness of Suicide Prevention Education Programs for Nurses
Authors: Ferguson Monika S. , Reis Julie A. , Rabbetts Lyn , Ashby Heather-Jean , Bayes Miriam , McCracken Tara , Ross Christine , Procter Nicholas G.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Background: Education to improve health professionals' responses to suicide is considered an important suicide prevention strategy. However, the effectiveness of this approach for nurses is unclear. Aim: To systematically review the peer-reviewed literature regarding the effectiveness of suicide prevention education programs for nurses. Method: Nine academic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Reviews & Trials, Embase, Informit Health Collection, Joanna Briggs Institute, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched in November 2016, utilizing search terms related to suicide, education, and nurses, with no limits placed on publication date or study design. Results: The search yielded 5,456 identified articles, 11 of which met the inclusion criteria. Studies were primarily quantitative (RCTs n = 3; quasi-experimental n = 6; qualitative n = 2), and involved nurses (range = 16–561) working in a diversity of settings, particularly hospitals (n = 9). Studies revealed positive changes in nurses' competence, knowledge, and attitudes associated with training over the short term. Limitations: The heterogeneity of education programs and methodological weaknesses of included studies limit the conclusions drawn. Conclusion: There is a moderate body of evidence to support the effectiveness of suicide prevention education programs for nurses. Future research should examine longer-term changes in clinical practice and strategies for continuing education, with more rigorous study designs.
Where Are They Now?
Authors: Levi-Belz Yossi , Krispin Orit , Galilee Giora , Bodner Ehud , Apter Alan
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Background: While a history of suicide attempts has been identified as the most powerful risk factor among adults, it is not clear if this is also true for the adolescent population. Our aim was to examine the differences between attempters and nonattempters in the years following a documented suicide attempt and to investigate the adolescents' prognosis in terms of suicidal behavior and adjustment. Method: Military records at induction and during active military service were used to compare 105 adolescent suicide attempters with 105 matched controls. All were rated on cognitive/educational performance and psychosocial adaptation, psychological health diagnoses, and performance during their military service. Results: Suicide attempters had higher school dropout rates and lower scores on educational indicators. They registered more incidents of disciplinary and adjustment problems in the military. However, the overall prognosis of the suicide attempters appeared surprisingly good. No significant differences were found between the groups in suicide risk or in behavior in their military service. Limitations: Data were derived from the computerized records and no direct interviews were conducted with the participants. Conclusion: Attempted suicide in adolescence appears to be different in nature from attempted suicide in adulthood, and can be viewed as an indicator of social distress rather than as major risk factor of completed suicide. Implications in terms of intervention and prevention are discussed.
Correction: Corrigendum: Engineering and optimising deaminase fusions for genome editing
Authors: Yang Luhan , Briggs Adrian W. , Chew Wei Leong , Mali Prashant , Guell Marc , Aach John , Goodman Daniel Bryan , Cox David , Kan Yinan , Lesha Emal , Soundararajan Venkataramanan , Zhang Feng , Church George
Published: October 2017

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 13330 (2016); Published 2 November 2016; Updated 9 October 2017. The original version of this Article contained an error in the email address of the corresponding author George Church. The correct email is gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the Article.
Circular RNAs in cancer: opportunities and challenges in the field
Authors: Kristensen L S , Hansen T B , Venø M T , Kjems J
Published: October 2017

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel member of the noncoding cancer genome with distinct properties and diverse cellular functions, which is being explored at a steadily increasing pace. The list of endogenous circRNAs involved in cancer continues to grow; however, the functional relevance of the vast majority is yet to be discovered. In general, circRNAs are exceptionally stable molecules and some have been shown to function as efficient microRNA sponges with gene-regulatory potential. Many circRNAs are highly conserved and have tissue-specific expression patterns, which often do not correlate well with host gene expression. Here we review the current knowledge on circRNAs in relation to their implications in tumorigenesis as well as their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as possible therapeutic targets in future personalized medicine. Finally, we discuss future directions for circRNA cancer research and current caveats, which must be addressed to facilitate the translation of basic circRNA research into clinical use.
Vertical inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is synergistic in breast cancer
Authors: Woo S-U , Sangai T , Akcakanat A , Chen H , Wei C , Meric-Bernstam F
Published: October 2017

Deregulation and activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway have a major role in proliferation and cell survival in breast cancer. However, as single agents, mTOR inhibitors have had modest antitumor efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of vertical inhibition of mTOR and Akt in breast cancer cell lines and xenografts. We assessed the effects of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and Akt inhibitor MK-2206, given as single drugs or in combination, on cell signaling, cell proliferation and apoptosis in a panel of cancer cell lines in vitro. The antitumor efficacy was tested in vivo. We demonstrated that MK-2206 inhibited Akt phosphorylation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in breast cancer cell lines. Rapamycin inhibited S6 phosphorylation and cell proliferation, and resulted in lower levels of apoptosis induction. Furthermore, the combination treatment inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and S6, synergistically inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis with a higher efficacy. In vivo combination inhibited tumor growth more than either agent alone. Our data suggest that a combination of Akt and mTOR inhibitors have greater antitumor activity in breast cancer cells, which may be a viable approach to treat patients.