bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Characteristics among Housing Adaptation Clients in Sweden—Relationship to Participation and Self-Rated Health
Authors: Thordardottir Björg , Chiatti Carlos , Ekstam Lisa , Malmgren Fänge Agneta
Published: December 2015

The aim of the paper was to explore the heterogeneity among housing adaptation clients. Cluster analysis was performed using baseline data from applicants in three Swedish municipalities. The analysis identified six main groups: “adults at risk of disability”, “young old with disabilities”, “well-functioning older adults”, “frail older adults”, “frail older with moderate cognitive impairments” and “resilient oldest old”. The clusters differed significantly in terms of participation frequency and satisfaction in and outside the home as well as in terms of self-rated health. The identification of clusters in a heterogeneous sample served the purpose of finding groups with different characteristics, including participation and self-rated health which could be used to facilitate targeted home-based interventions. The findings indicate that housing adaptions should take person/environment/activity specific characteristics into consideration so that they may fully serve the purpose of facilitating independent living, as well as enhancing participation and health.
Bladder Cancer Stem-Like Cells: Their Origin and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Ohishi Tomokazu , Koga Fumitaka , Migita Toshiro
Published: December 2015

Bladder cancer (BC), the most common cancer arising from the human urinary tract, consists of two major clinicopathological phenotypes: muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MIBC frequently metastasizes and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. A certain proportion of patients with metastatic BC can achieve a remission with systemic chemotherapy; however, the disease relapses in most cases. Evidence suggests that MIBC comprises a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which may be resistant to these treatments and may be able to form new tumors in the bladder or other organs. Therefore, the unambiguous identification of bladder CSCs and the development of targeted therapies are urgently needed. Nevertheless, it remains unclear where bladder CSCs originate and how they are generated. We review recent studies on bladder CSCs, specifically focusing on their proposed origin and the possible therapeutic options based on the CSC theory.
Radiation-Induced Grafting with One-Step Process of Waste Polyurethane onto High-Density Polyethylene
Authors: Park Jong-Seok , Lim Youn-Mook , Nho Young-Chang
Published: December 2015

The recycling of waste polyurethane (PU) using radiation-induced grafting was investigated. The grafting of waste PU onto a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix was carried out using a radiation technique with maleic anhydride (MAH). HDPE pellets and PU powders were immersed in a MAH-acetone solution. Finally, the prepared mixtures were irradiated with an electron beam accelerator. The grafted composites were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), surface morphology, and mechanical properties. To make a good composite, the improvement in compatibility between HDPE and PU is an important factor. Radiation-induced grafting increased interfacial adhesion between the PU domain and the HDPE matrix. When the absorbed dose was 75 kGy, the surface morphology of the irradiated PU/HDPE composite was nearly a smooth and single phase, and the elongation at break increased by approximately three times compared with that of non-irradiated PU/HDPE composite.
A Spin Crossover Transition in a Mn(II) Chain Compound
Authors: Benmansour Samia , Triki Smail , Gómez-García Carlos
Published: December 2015

Three new compounds have been synthesized and characterized with Fe(II), Co(II) and Mn(II), the polynitrile anionic ligand 1,1,3,3-tetracyano-2-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-propenide (tcnopr3OH−) and the co-ligand 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy). The Fe(II) compound, formulated as [FeII(tcnoprOH)2(H2O)2(4,4′-bpy)2] (1), contains monomeric complexes where the Fe(II) ion is coordinated to two trans polynitrile ligands, two trans 4,4′-bpy ligands and two trans water molecules. Compounds [MII(H2O)4(µ-4,4′-bpy)][MII(tcnoprOH)4(µ-4,4′-bpy)].3H2O, M = Mn (2) and Co (3), are isostructural and crystallize in segregated cationic and anionic chains that can be formulated as [MII(H2O)4(µ-4,4′-bpy)]n2n+ and [MII(tcnoprOH)4(µ-4,4′-bpy)]n2n−, respectively with M = Mn (2) and Co (3). The magnetic properties of Compound 1 show the expected paramagnetic behavior for an isolated high spin S = 2 Fe(II) ion with a zero field splitting of |D| = 4.0(1) cm−1. Compound 3 presents the expected behavior for isolated Co(II) centers, whereas Compound 2 shows an unexpected partial smooth spin crossover (SCO) transition in the anionic [MnII(tcnoprOH)4(µ-4,4′-bpy)]n2n− chain together with a paramagnetic contribution of the cationic [MnII(H2O)4(µ-4,4′-bpy)]n2n+ chain. This behavior has been confirmed with DSC measurements. This is one of the very few examples of SCO transition observed in a Mn(II) complex and the first one in a Mn(II) chain.
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum
Authors: Essien Emmanuel , Newby Jennifer , Walker Tameka , Setzer William , Ekundayo Olusegun
Published: December 2015

Bacterial resistance has been increasingly reported worldwide and is one of the major causes of failure in the treatment of infectious diseases. Natural-based products, including plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), can be exploited to ameliorate the problem of microbial resistance. The fruit essential oils of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were subjected to in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity screening. Thirty-eight compounds comprising 97.7% of A. cordifolia oil and forty-six constituents representing 98.2% of C. subcordatum oil were identified. The major components in A. cordifolia oil were methyl salicylate (25.3%), citronellol (21.4%), α-phellandrene (7.4%), terpinolene (5.7%) and 1,8-cineole (5.5%). Benzaldehyde (28.0%), β-caryophyllene (15.5%), (E,E)-α-farnesene (5.3%) and methyl salicylate (4.5%) were the quantitatively significant constituents in C. subcordatum fruit essential oil. A. cordifolia essential oil demonstrated potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 78 μg/mL) and marginal antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 156 μg/mL). C. subcordatum showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and S. aureus (MIC = 156 μg/mL) and notable antifungal activity against A. niger (MIC = 39 μg/mL). However, no appreciable cytotoxic effects on human breast carcinoma cells (Hs 578T) and human prostate carcinoma cells (PC-3) were observed for either essential oil. The antimicrobial activities of A. cordifolia and C. subcordatum fruit essential oils are a function of their distinct chemical profiles; their volatiles and biological activities are reported for the first time.
Economic Evaluation of a Hybrid Desalination System Combining Forward and Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Choi Yongjun , Cho Hyeongrak , Shin Yonghyun , Jang Yongsun , Lee Sangho
Published: December 2015

This study seeks to evaluate the performance and economic feasibility of the forward osmosis (FO)–reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process; to propose a guideline by which this hybrid process might be more price-competitive in the field. A solution-diffusion model modified with film theory was applied to analyze the effects of concentration polarization, water, and salt transport coefficient on flux, recovery, seawater concentration, and treated wastewater of the FO process of an FO-RO hybrid system. A simple cost model was applied to analyze the effects of flux; recovery of the FO process; energy; and membrane cost on the FO-RO hybrid process. The simulation results showed that the water transport coefficient and internal concentration polarization resistance are very important factors that affect performance in the FO process; however; the effect of the salt transport coefficient does not seem to be large. It was also found that the flux and recovery of the FO process, the FO membrane, and the electricity cost are very important factors that influence the water cost of an FO-RO hybrid system. This hybrid system can be price-competitive with RO systems when its recovery rate is very high, the flux and the membrane cost of the FO are similar to those of the RO, and the electricity cost is expensive. The most important thing in commercializing the FO process is enhancing performance (e.g.; flux and the recovery of FO membranes).
The Prodrug Approach: A Successful Tool for Improving Drug Solubility
Authors: Jornada Daniela , Dos Santos Fernandes Guilherme , Chiba Diego , De Melo Thais , Dos Santos Jean , Chung Man
Published: December 2015

Prodrug design is a widely known molecular modification strategy that aims to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their solubility and pharmacokinetic features and decrease their toxicity. A lack of solubility is one of the main obstacles to drug development. This review aims to describe recent advances in the improvement of solubility via the prodrug approach. The main chemical carriers and examples of successful strategies will be discussed, highlighting the advances of this field in the last ten years.
The Alterations in the Expression and Function of P-Glycoprotein in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats as well as the Effect of Drug Disposition in Vivo
Authors: Wang Yubang , Qin Heng , Zhang Chengxiang , Huan Fei , Yan Ting , Zhang Lulu
Published: December 2015

This study was aimed to investigate whether vitamin A deficiency could alter P-GP expression and function in tissues of rats and whether such effects affected the drug distribution in vivo of vitamin A-deficient rats. We induced vitamin A-deficient rats by giving them a vitamin A-free diet for 12 weeks. Then, Abcb1/P-GP expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that Abcb1a mRNA levels were increased in hippocampus and liver. In kidney, it only showed an upward trend. Abcb1b mRNA levels were increased in hippocampus, but decreased in cerebral cortex, liver and kidney. Western blot results were in good accordance with the alterations of Abcb1b mRNA levels. P-GP function was investigated through tissue distribution and body fluid excretion of rhodamine 123 (Rho123), and the results proclaimed that P-GP activities were also in good accordance with P-GP expression in cerebral cortex, liver and kidney. The change of drug distribution was also investigated through the tissue distribution of vincristine, and the results showed a significantly upward trend in all indicated tissues of vitamin A-deficient rats. In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency may alter Abcb1/P-GP expression and function in rat tissues, and the alterations may increase drug activity/toxicity through the increase of tissue accumulation.
Integrating Sensors into a Marine Drone for Bathymetric 3D Surveys in Shallow Waters
Authors: Giordano Francesco , Mattei Gaia , Parente Claudio , Peluso Francesco , Santamaria Raffaele
Published: December 2015

This paper demonstrates that accurate data concerning bathymetry as well as environmental conditions in shallow waters can be acquired using sensors that are integrated into the same marine vehicle. An open prototype of an unmanned surface vessel (USV) named MicroVeGA is described. The focus is on the main instruments installed on-board: a differential Global Position System (GPS) system and single beam echo sounder; inertial platform for attitude control; ultrasound obstacle-detection system with temperature control system; emerged and submerged video acquisition system. The results of two cases study are presented, both concerning areas (Sorrento Marina Grande and Marechiaro Harbour, both in the Gulf of Naples) characterized by a coastal physiography that impedes the execution of a bathymetric survey with traditional boats. In addition, those areas are critical because of the presence of submerged archaeological remains that produce rapid changes in depth values. The experiments confirm that the integration of the sensors improves the instruments’ performance and survey accuracy.
The Reporting and Sustainable Business Marketing
Authors: Jianu Ionel , Ţurlea Carmen , Guşatu Ionela
Published: December 2015

Companies have to communicate to be noticed on the market, to promote their services and products, and to give assurances that they are a credible partner in the relationship with stakeholders. In this article, starting from the importance of marketing communication in business, an index of sustainability communication was created for the companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange for the period 2008–2009, during the financial crisis, seeking to show the awareness of the difficult moment and the use of communication. Then, based on the relevance of accounting information model, we study the relationship between the index of sustainability communication and the share price, basically its influence on the future performance of the company. The regression analysis emphasizes the positive influence of the index of sustainability communication on the share price.
“Team Play” between Renewable Energy Sources and Vehicle Fleet to Decrease Air Pollution
Authors: Longo Michela , Yaïci Wahiba , Zaninelli Dario
Published: December 2015

The reduction of air pollutants for the purpose of maintaining or improving air quality across the globe is a fundamental concern to which all modern governments are allocating varying amounts of attention and resources. The successful amelioration of air pollution requires strategic investments in the commercialization and adoption of “clean energy technologies” by both private and public entities, the conversion of contemporary houses to “smart houses”, the diffusion of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) including photovoltaic systems (PV), wind farms, and different forms of bioenergy, and the integration of electric-powered vehicles. In concert with these ideas, this paper aims to discuss the possibility of undertaking a feasibility study in two countries Canada and Italy concerning the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and electric motorcycles (EMs). The proposed feasibility study would seek to assess the prospect of replacing the current vehicle fleets in these two countries with EVs in a manner that utilizes renewable energy sources and, thus, does not generate new toxic emissions. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that a pronounced introduction and distribution of RES, EVs, and EMs can operate as a great opportunity for both the environment and the capacities and needs of energy production. Today, the EV is not widespread. With this contribution, it is shown how EVs can be well integrated with renewable energy. Therefore, it is the duty of governments to implement policy strategies, in order to spread them across more territory.
Optimal Path for Controlling Sectoral CO2 Emissions Among China’s Regions: A Centralized DEA Approach
Authors: Sun Zuoren , Luo Rundong , Zhou Dequn
Published: December 2015

This paper proposes a centralized data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for industrial optimization based on several different production technologies among several regions. We developed this model based on improved Kuosmanen environmental DEA technology, which avoids positive shadow price on undesirable outputs. We also designed a dual model for our centralized DEA model, and used it to analyze shadow prices on CO2 emissions. We further employed the proposed model to determine the optimal path for controlling CO2 emissions at the sector level for each province in China. At sectoral level, manufacturing showed the highest potential emissions reduction, and transportation was the largest accepter of emission quotas. At regional level, western and northeastern areas faced the largest adjustments in allowable emissions, while central and eastern areas required the least amount of adjustment. Because our model represents increase or decrease in emissions bidirectionally in terms of shadow price analysis, this setting makes the shadow price on CO2 emissions lower than strong regulation (decreasing CO2 emissions along with increasing value added) used by directional distance function (DDF).
Chemiresistive/SERS dual sensor based on densely packed gold nanoparticles
Authors: Boca Sanda , Leordean Cosmin , Astilean Simion , Farcau Cosmin
Published: December 2015

Chemiresistors are a class of sensitive electrical devices capable of detecting (bio)chemicals by simply monitoring electrical resistance. Sensing based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) represents a radically different approach, in which molecules are optically detected according to their vibrational spectroscopic fingerprint. Despite different concepts are involved, one can find in the literature examples from both categories reporting sensors made of gold nanoparticles. The same building blocks appear because both sensor classes share a common principle: nanometric interparticle gaps are needed, for electron tunneling in chemiresistors, and for enhancing electromagnetic fields by plasmon coupling in SERS-based sensors. By exploiting such nano-gaps in self-assembled films of gold nanoparticles, we demonstrate the proof of concept of a dual electrical/optical sensor, with both chemiresistive and SERS capabilities. The proposed device is realized by self-assembling 15 nm gold nanoparticles into few micrometers-wide strips across commercially available interdigitated electrodes. The dual-mode operation of the device is demonstrated by the detection of a biologically relevant model analyte, 4-mercaptophenyl boronic acid.
Temporal Interpretation and Tenselessness: The Case of Tagalog
Authors: Dery Jeruen E.
Published: December 2015

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Interpretative Effects of Multiple Determiners in Greek
Authors: Lekakou Marik , Szendroi Kriszta
Published: December 2015

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The Effects of Coda Voicing on the Onsets of L2 Learners
Authors: Yun Gwanhi
Published: December 2015

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Nepali Sign Language and Nepali: Social and Linguistic Dimensions of a Case of Inter-Modal Language Contact
Authors: Green E. Mara
Published: December 2015

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INTERPLAY OF THE DRIVERS AND DETERRENTS OF LEISURE COUNTERFEIT PURCHASE INTENTIONS
Authors: KOS KOKLIC Mateja , VIDA Irena
Published: December 2015

Drawing on complementary theoretical perspectives, in this study we empirically investigate the drivers and deterrents underlying the formation of attitudes to leisure counterfeits and purchase intentions, and examine rationalization as a moderator of the attitude-intention relationship. The research model is examined via mail survey data of adult consumers using structural equations modelling. The findings indicate that perceived benefits and moral intensity significantly influence attitudes, while the impact of performance risk is negligible. The attitude and moral intensity significantly predict the purchase intention. Our analyses confirm rationalization as a salient factor moderating the relationship between attitude and behavioral intention. Based on this pattern of results, we discuss study implications in three areas: the perception of positive consequences for oneself, the perception of consequences for others, and the use of previously rarely examined consumer justifications. The finding that performance risk is not significant in affecting consumer attitude calls into question various appeals featuring adverse effects of buying counterfeits for an individual.
TOWARD MORE REALISTIC ANALYTIC MODELS OF THE HELIOTAIL: INCORPORATING MAGNETIC FLATTENING VIA DISTORTION FLOWS
Authors: Kleimann Jens , Röken Christian , Fichtner Horst , Heerikhuisen Jacob
Published: December 2015

Both physical arguments and simulations of the global heliosphere indicate that the tailward heliopause is flattened considerably in the direction perpendicular to both the incoming flow and the large-scale interstellar magnetic field. Despite this fact, all of the existing global analytical models of the outer heliosheath's magnetic field assume a circular cross section of the heliotail. To eliminate this inconsistency, we introduce a mathematical procedure by which any analytically or numerically given magnetic field can be deformed in such a way that the cross sections along the heliotail axis attain freely prescribed, spatially dependent values for their total area and aspect ratio. The distorting transformation of this method honors both the solenoidality condition and the stationary induction equation with respect to an accompanying flow field, provided that both constraints were already satisfied for the original magnetic and flow fields prior to the transformation. In order to obtain realistic values for the above parameters, we present the first quantitative analysis of the heliotail's overall distortion as seen in state-of-the-art three-dimensional hybrid MHD–kinetic simulations.
MERGED-BEAMS REACTION STUDIES OF O +
Authors: de Ruette N. , Miller K. A. , O’Connor A. P. , Urbain X. , Buzard C. F. , Vissapragada S. , Savin D. W.
Published: December 2015

We have measured the reaction of

forming OH+ and

This is believed to be one of the key gas-phase astrochemical processes initiating the formation of water molecules in dense molecular clouds. For this work, we have used a novel merged fast-beams apparatus that overlaps a beam of

onto a beam of ground-term neutral O. Here, we present cross-section data for forming OH+ and

at relative energies from ≈3.5 meV to ≈15.5 and 0.13 eV, respectively. Measurements were performed for statistically populated O

in the ground term reacting with hot

(with an internal temperature of ∼2500–3000 K). From these data, we have derived rate coefficients for translational temperatures from ≈27 K to ∼105 K for the formation of OH+ and ∼103 K for the formation of H2O+. In order to convert these results to a thermal rate coefficient suitable for astrochemistry, we have added the results together for both exit channels and scaled the summed data on statistically populated oxygen to thermally populated oxygen. For this we have used theory as a guide, thereby accounting for the temperature dependence of the O fine-structure levels. Our results are in good agreement with two independent flowing afterglow measurements at a temperature of ≈300 K, and with a corresponding level of

internal excitation. This good agreement suggests that the internal excitation of the

does not play a significant role in this reaction. The Langevin rate coefficient is in reasonable agreement with the experimental results at 10 K but a factor of ∼2 larger at 300 K. The two published classical trajectory studies using quantum-mechanical potential energy surfaces lie a factor of ∼1.5 above our experimental results over this 10–300 K range.
A MULTI-EPOCH SMA STUDY OF THE HH 211 PROTOSTELLAR JET: JET MOTION AND KNOT FORMATION
Authors: Jhan Kai-Syun , Lee Chin-Fei
Published: December 2015

HH 211 is a highly collimated jet with a chain of well-defined knots, powered by a nearby young Class 0 protostar. We have used 4 epochs (2004, 2008, 2010, and 2013) of Submillimeter Array archive data to study the properties of the HH 211 jet in SiO (J = 8–7). The jet shows similar reflection-symmetric wiggle structures in all epochs. The wiggle structures can all be fitted by an orbiting jet source model that includes a position shift due to proper motion of the jet, indicating that the wiggle propagates along the jet axis. Thus, this suggests that the wiggle is indeed due to an orbital motion of the jet source. Proper motions of the knots are measured by using the peak positions of the knots in four epochs, and they are roughly the same and independent of the distance from the central source. The mean proper motion of the knots is ∼

per year, resulting in a transverse velocity of ∼114 km s−1, about 30% lower than that measured before. Knots BK2 and BK3 have a well-defined linear velocity structure, with the fast jet material upstream to the slow jet material. The gradient of the velocity structure decreases from knot BK2 to BK3. In addition, for each knot the gradient decreases with time as the knot propagates away from the central source. These results are both expected if the two knots trace internal shocks produced by a small periodical variation in the ejection velocity of the jet.
OPACITY MEASUREMENT AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF HOT SILICON PLASMA
Authors: Xiong Gang , Yang Jiamin , Zhang Jiyan , Hu Zhimin , Zhao Yang , Qing Bo , Yang Guohong , Wei Minxi , Yi Rongqing , Song Tianming , Li Hang , Yuan Zheng , Lv Min , Meng Xujun , Xu Yan , Wu Zeqing , Yan Jun
Published: December 2015

We report on opacity measurements of a silicon (Si) plasma at a temperature of (72 ± 5) eV and a density of (6.0 ± 1.2) mg cm−3 in the photon energy range of 1790–1880 eV. A 23 μg cm−2 Si foil tamped by 50 μg cm−2 CH layers on each side was heated to a hot-dense plasma state by X-ray radiation emitted from a D-shaped gold cavity that was irradiated by intense lasers. Absorption lines of 1s − 2p transitions of Si xiii to Si ix ions have been measured using point-projection spectroscopy. The transmission spectrum of the silicon plasma was determined by comparing the light passing through the plasma to the light from the same shot passing by the plasma. The density of the Si plasma was determined experimentally by side-on radiography and the temperature was estimated from the radiation flux data. Radiative hydrodynamic simulations were performed to obtain the temporal evolutions of the density and temperature of the Si plasma. The experimentally obtained transmission spectra of the Si sample plasma have been reproduced using a detailed term account model with the local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation. The energy levels, oscillator strengths and photoionization cross-sections used in the calculation were generated by the flexible atomic code. The experimental transmission spectrum was compared with the theoretical calculation and good agreement was found. The present experimental spectrum and theoretical calculation were also compared with the new opacities available in the Los Alamos OPLIB database.
Apparenter la pensée ?
Authors: Charbonnat Pascal
Published: December 2015

Ce texte a pour but de montrer l’intérêt scientifique d’une approche phylogénique des concepts savants, en illustrant cette démarche par le cas des concepts de « génération spontanée » et de « générations spontanées ». La distinction entre les formes lexicales, les concepts en général et les concepts savants fait apparaître la spécificité d’une phylogénie conceptuelle, qui dépend au moins d’une fonction conceptuelle et d’un ensemble commun de formes cooccurrentes. L’extinction conceptuelle doit ainsi être différenciée de l’extinction lexicale, ce qui permet de formuler des énoncés surnuméraires clairs sur l’évolution des concepts de « génération spontanée » et de « générations spontanées », et d’échapper au biais des historiographies consistant à produire des énoncés surnuméraires confus. La scientificité d’une phylogénie conceptuelle dépend donc, non pas de la possibilité de réaliser des arbres, mais des définitions des moyens d’objectiver des énoncés au moyen d’énoncés.
Apparenter la pensée ?
Authors: d’Huy Julien , Le Quellec Jean-Loïc
Published: December 2015

Comparer les mythes à des êtres vivants, qui naissent, vivent et meurent, n’est pas chose nouvelle. Comme les êtres vivants, les mythes évoluent en effet par descendance modifiée. Ce qui est nouveau, c’est l’approche statistique de ce type de récits, en s’appuyant sur de nombreuses versions et en leur appliquant des algorithmes d’ordinaire réservés aux biologistes. Nos résultats montrent que l’on peut retrouver, derrière les multiples formes de certains mythes, une organisation géographiquement cohérente, témoignage d’anciennes migrations, pour certaines paléolithiques. De plus, il est maintenant possible de mesurer la part jouée par les emprunts dans l’élaboration de chaque version : elle s’avère bien plus faible que prévu. Une approche statistique permet enfin de reconstruire, pour chaque famille de mythes, leur plus ancienne version, et celle-ci peut parfois remonter au Paléolithique supérieur.
Éliminer ou récupérer ? L’armée française face aux fous du début du XX e siècle à la Grande Guerre
Authors: Derrien Marie
Published: December 2015

Entre 1914 et 1918, l’armée française a mobilisé plus de huit millions d’hommes. Persuadée que la question des effectifs était cruciale, elle s’est efforcée d’incorporer le plus de combattants possible, rendant les conseils de révision moins sélectifs, récupérant des individus exemptés ou réformés, et renvoyant des soldats au front après une blessure ou une maladie. Elle s’est alors trouvée confrontée à un problème auquel elle s’était peu préparée, mais qui avait pris de l’ampleur avec l’universalisation du service militaire au début du XX e  siècle : que faire des hommes atteints de troubles mentaux ? Fallait-il les éliminer des rangs ? Cet article présente les différentes réponses apportées à ces questions par l’armée et les psychiatres depuis le début du XX e  siècle et, en particulier, au cours de la guerre.
« Le Mur lui est monté à la tête ». Construction du mur de Berlin et basculement dans la maladie (Berlin-Est, 1961-1968)
Authors: Le Bonhomme Fanny
Published: December 2015

Si plusieurs auteurs évoquent l’expression « maladie du Mur » ( Mauerkrankheit ) afin de désigner les réactions pathologiques survenues à la suite de la construction du mur de Berlin, aucune étude ne s’est encore penchée sur ses manifestations concrètes, ainsi que sur l’interprétation qui a pu en être faite par le savoir psychiatrique. C’est cette lacune que le présent article se propose de combler, en s’appuyant principalement sur l’analyse de dossiers psychiatriques et psychothérapeutiques de l’époque. Contenant les traces des expériences des patients, ces sources permettent d’interroger les modalités selon lesquelles le Mur est « entré dans les têtes », faisant basculer certains individus dans la sphère de la dépression, de l’angoisse ou de la folie. Dès les années 1960, le Mur se fait source de tristesse, de désarroi ou de peur, au point de donner naissance à l’expression de « maladie du Mur » qui en fait un élément pathogène, contredisant totalement la propagande menée par les autorités communistes. Si, dans le cadre de l’échange avec le thérapeute, les patients peuvent évoquer un sujet aussi sensible, leurs mots restent enfermés dans une logique de « circularité diagnostique ». Paradoxalement, c’est justement parce qu’ils sont perçus comme autant de signes d’une maladie mentale que les mots de ces individus – quelle que soit la dimension politique qu’ils renferment – peuvent laisser des traces dans le dossier médical. Grâce à cette source qui, tout en réduisant le sujet à son statut de malade, laisse entendre sa voix, l’historien peut avoir accès à des expériences personnelles d’ordinaire passées sous silence.
Abus sexuel précoce, accès à la maternité et résilience
Authors: Shabanova Vandelet Elena , Laurent Mélanie , de Tychey Claude , Lighezzolo-Alnot Joëlle , Garnier Salomé
Published: December 2015

Cette étude exploratoire clinique qualitative porte sur l’impact chez trois mères d’un abus sexuel au sortir de l’enfance, sur l’accès à la maternité et sur l’investissement de l’enfant en fonction de son sexe et de la place qu’il occupe dans le psychisme inconscient de ces mères. Les auteurs posent des hypothèses sur les indicateurs d’une non-élaboration du traumatisme initial lors de l’accès à la maternité et ceux de son élaboration synonyme de construction d’un processus résilient. Ils avancent que, lors d’une non-élaboration, les séquelles traumatiques s’exprimeront par une réactivation du traumatisme, soit durant la grossesse, soit lors de l’accouchement, soit lors des interactions avec l’enfant, avec des effets différenciés en fonction du sexe de l’enfant né. À l’inverse, ils font l’hypothèse que la possibilité d’un rebond résilient, synonyme d’élaboration partielle ou complète du traumatisme initial, nécessite que la jeune mère ait pu s’appuyer sur une image masculine paternelle positivement investie, suf­fisamment attractive pour permettre la séparation d’avec la mère et pour faire contrepoids à celle de l’agresseur. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette étude combine approche prospective longitudinale et approche rétrospective. Les données d’entretien ont été enregistrées puis analysées en double aveugle. L’analyse comparative des données cliniques obtenues confirme ces hypothèses.
Grossesse gémellaire en menace d’accouchement prématuré. récit d’un accompagnement
Authors: Hennequin-Rivoire Clotilde , Siegrist Sophie
Published: December 2015

La menace d’accouchement prématuré (MAP) représente 60% des pathologies maternelles en cours de grossesse, plus d’1/5ème aboutit à une prématurité dont le risque élevé de morbi-mortalité en fait une priorité de santé publique. Des études validées ont démontré une diminution du risque d’accouchement prématuré (AP) en cas de suivi psychothérapeutique des MAP. La grossesse gémellaire est une maternité à haut risque bio-psychosocial. La présentation d’un cas clinique d’une femme enceinte de jumeaux en MAP permet d’appréhender l’approche psychotactile utilisant ce contact particulier qui aborde le sujet dans sa globalité corps- affectivité-esprit, d’exposer les enjeux théorico-cliniques sous-jacents et de révéler sa dimension prophylactique pour les problématiques tant de la MAP que de la gémellité. Ces interventions relevant du « care » conduites en étroite intrication avec le « cure » redonnent toute sa place au psychologue dans un ajustement des liens interprofessionnels et d’un travail d’équipe.
Deuil traumatique de la mère et expression somatique du bébé
Authors: Belot Rose-Angélique , Maïdi Houari
Published: December 2015

Cet article discute des liens étroits qui existent entre l’expression somatique ultra-précoce du bébé et des conflits intrapsychiques anciens non élaborés chez les parents. Lors d’une naissance, la reviviscence des états antérieurs du moi et la confrontation du parent à une nouvelle configuration psychique peuvent solliciter le deuil et la reviviscence d’affects bruts. Ceux-ci représentent alors une véritable charge traumatique. Les répercussions sur la qualité des interactions précoces engagées entre la mère et son enfant sont rapides, particulièrement lorsque l’environnement ne réussit pas sa fonction d’étayage et de contenance des éprouvés bruts maternels « enkystés ». La présentation d’un cas prototypique de ce type de fonctionnement montre comment s’exprime le débordement de l’appareil psychique de la mère avec échec des fonctions de contenance et de traitement des excitations à l’égard du bébé et de son appareil psychique encore immature. Dans ce cas, l’expression chez le bébé est de type somatique.
Le mensonge chez l’enfant
Authors: Chapellon Sébastien , Marty François
Published: December 2015

Les auteurs explorent le rôle du mensonge au cours des différents stades du développement. Ils analysent la manière avec laquelle l’enfant organise ainsi sa relation avec les adultes pour amortir les angoisses auxquelles il a affaire. Dès le stade anal, l’enfant apprend à les tromper pour défendre son intimité psychique et s’émanciper d’eux. Au stade phallique, le petit ment pour contre-investir le sentiment d’être dominé intellectuellement par les grands. Ensuite, au stade œdipien, l’enfant use du mensonge pour briser le couple parental mais aussi pour externaliser le clivage que les incohérences de son milieu produisent en lui.
Le concept du TDAH et la France de 1890 à 1980 : l’instabilité ou le village gaulois d’Asterix ?
Authors: Bader Michel , Mazet Philippe
Published: December 2015

Le concept d’« instabilité mentale » développé par des médecins français entre 1887 et 1910 est rarement mentionné, et souvent ignoré. Les textes de cette période montrent que l’« instabilité mentale » correspond au concept actuel de TDAH (Trouble du déficit de l’attention avec hyperactivité), et a été introduite depuis 1887 sous l’impulsion de Bourneville à l’Hôpital Bicêtre à Paris, à partir de ses observations sur des enfants et des adolescents qui avaient été décrits comme des « anormaux » et placés dans des institutions médicales et éducatives. En complétant les observations de Bourneville au début du 20 ème siècle, Paul-Boncour et Philippe ont décrit de manière plus précise l’« instabilité mentale » comme une entité pathologique spécifique comportant des symptômes évoquant la triade classique du TDAH parmi une population d’écoliers « anormaux ». Les différents modèles de l’« instabilité » de Dupré (1913), Heuyer (1914), Wallon (1925) et Abramson (1940) se sont intéressés à l’impact de l’immaturité du développement cérébral lié à des composantes motrices, cognitives et affectives. L’« instabilité » a été, à partir des années 1950, appréhendée par la majorité des psychiatres français en prenant en considération les principes sémiologiques de la métapsychologie freudienne et en s’intéressant aux dimensions de l’inconscient et au sens des conflits psychiques. L’impact du paradigme psychanalytique et l’intégration progressive récente des modèles neurobiologiques a conduit à une approche française originale durant la seconde partie du 20 ème siècle tenant compte des facteurs psychiques et affectifs sous-jacents aux symptômes attentionnels et comportementaux.
Prises de risques délibérées avec l’argent : les modalités de consommation des jeux de hasard
Authors: Amadieu Thomas
Published: December 2015

Cet article vise à rendre compte du succès des jeux de hasard, en dépit de leur irrationalité économique supposée, puisque ces prises de risques financières conduisent généralement à perdre de l’argent. L’enquête s’appuie sur un traitement inédit du volet « Jeu pathologique » du « Baromètre santé » de l’Inpes-OFDT (2010) et sur une cinquantaine d’entretiens avec des joueurs destinés à montrer qu’une approche sociologique permet de comprendre l’attraction de ces produits. Une typologie des modalités d’investissement dans ces pratiques ludiques est proposée, croisant le degré de prise de risque et le sentiment de contrôle du joueur. Ces usages des jeux traduisent des attitudes différentes face au risque et aux décisions instrumentales, qui ont des conséquences sur le développement éventuel d’une dépendance à la pratique. Il apparaît que les prises de risques ludiques sont d’autant moins maîtrisées qu’elles sont perçues par celui qui les prend comme des voies alternatives d’enrichissement dans un contexte de limitation des ressources et comme des moyens de regagner une forme de contrôle sur son devenir social. Les carrières d’addiction constituent l’aboutissement extrême d’une série de pièges de la raison.
Durkheimisme scientifique et durkheimisme d’action
Authors: Dhermy-Mairal Marine
Published: December 2015

Les rapports de la science sociale et de l’action ont constitué un point névralgique dans la constitution de la discipline sociologique chez les sociologues durkheimiens. Ainsi, alors même que, dès son entrée en fonction, le Bureau international du travail fut l’objet d’un investissement sociologique particulier de la part d’héritiers de la pensée d’Émile Durkheim, plusieurs durkheimiens renoncèrent pourtant à y exercer leur science. En interrogeant les raisons de la distance de François Simiand à l’égard de l’œuvre de l’organisation entre 1920 et 1930, à partir d’un réexamen de sa méthodologie, cet article contribue à distinguer, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, deux voies sociologiques divergentes : un durkheimisme scientifique et un durkheimisme d’action.
Science Education with and through ICT
Authors: Neri de Souza Francislê
Published: December 2015

One of the contemporary society characteristics is that the amount of information available to any individual is enormous, generating problems to manipulate, assess and take the best of this information. In this case, student need to be educated to evaluate it and have skills to construct personal knowledge, developing understandings not only about the content of science, but also its methods. One of the science education challenges issues is how to stimulate active learning and develop competences in ICT-rich environments. Due to the importance of questioning skills to promote active and reflexive learning and the few studies on questioning profiles in e-learning or b-learning contexts, we propose the development of curriculum design, as well as to discuss the adequate use of strategies that could be implemented to stimulate student and teacher questioning. This chapter has the intention to also continue a deep discussion about many aspects of the epistemology of questioning in these contexts.
Join The Board
Authors: Rosado Nazareth Álvarez , García-Peñalvo Francisco J. , Martín Sergio Bravo , Rosado Susana Álvarez
Published: December 2015

This chapter presents an application, Join the Board (JTB), which provides shared and collaborative work environments between digital iPhone and iPad devices through a Network of Local Area (LAN) over a Wi-Fi connection. JTB allows using two connection types in the board: an off-line board (the user has a local and individualized work) and an on-line board (the user can create sessions that each one gives a collaborative board. All the devices that are interesting to work in this collaborative board must be joining to this session with a specific role system and start working on it). All the workflow in a collaborative board is through a turn management that is controller by a moderator device. JTB has only been developed for the family of iPad and iPhone version equal or higher than 5.1 operating system and behind using more than six design patterns and implementation. It has been developed three types of different and specific protocols that form the core of JTB application and it have been used for the encoding messages and managing the entire dialog between devices. This chapter shows a full case study that shows the potential of the functionalities.
Hybridization-Based Courses Consolidated through LMS and PLE Leading to a New Co-Creation of Learning
Authors: Nuninger Walter , Châtelet Jean-Marie
Published: December 2015

Over the last two decades the evolution of IT has sped up in such a way that teaching practices and learning methods have evolved. On the first hand, the motivation relies on a quick access to data for learners attending a course or during sandwich courses. On the second hand, a greater access to contents leads to a new relation between trainees and trainers (a new attitude enforced by specific pedagogy for Continuous Vocational Training). Despite some drawbacks and the generated new behaviors of the digital generation, the internet connection speed, the new devices and tools (LMS) undoubtedly stress the integration of ICT in the training model. The challenge for accessibility, good education and collective work benefits the development of innovative solutions; enforced by the Higher Education framework in Europe. But even if funds are directed for techniques, only a few efforts are given to help a new posture for trainers.
New Literacies in the Intellectual Field of Education
Authors: Barujel Adriana Gewerc , Armando Joel
Published: December 2015

This article studies the theoretical perspectives about new literacies that are dominant in the intellectual field of education at an international scale. The baseline assumption is that this is the primary field in which discourses are produced and then recontextualised (selectively dislocated and relocated) as curricular contents in teacher education (Bernstein, 1993). Our identification of theoretical perspectives is based on the analysis of scientific publications in education from 2007 to 2010. The study combines the exploration of more than 1500 texts, 70 of which were analysed in depth. The main objective was to graphically represent the different perspectives, showing the relationships within and between each one of them, as well as the agents who produce and legitimatise them. The identified perspectives and the constructed dimensions of analysis have been used in further stages of research in order to study national and regional curricular documents. This chapter reflects on what these perspectives can contribute to the field of Engineering and Architecture Education.
Serious Games as Positive Technologies
Authors: Argenton Luca , Pallavicini Federica , Mantovani Fabrizia
Published: December 2015

Serious games are growing rapidly both as an industry and a field of academic research. They have been able to shape new opportunities for individual and collective learning and training, showing a discrete effectiveness. Further, serious games have been capable of supporting health and well-being. That is why they can be considered as positive technologies. Positive Technology is an emergent field whose goal is to investigate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be used to empower the quality of personal experience The aim of the present chapter is to discuss the role of serious games as positive technology, analyzing how they can influence both individual and interpersonal experiences by fostering positive emotions, promoting engagement, as well as enhancing social integration and connectedness.
MOOCs in Engineering Education
Authors: Ebner Martin , Kopp Michael , Scerbakov Alexei , Neuböck Kristina
Published: December 2015

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a phenomenon of these days. Therefore it seems just a consequent step to carry out research studies how MOOCs can be integrated best in our daily life. This work aims to describe first experiences from the implementation of two MOOCs on a new developed platform. Both courses are related to engineering education: one to physics and one to mechanics. First the concept as well as the development and then also the evaluation is pointed out. It can be concluded that there is potential for educational institutions, but also barriers which must be taken into account.
Active Learning using Digital Technology and Ubiquitous Information in Architectural Construction
Authors: Audí Núria Martí , Puig Marta Adroer , Fonseca-Escudero David
Published: December 2015

In the new context of the Information Society and learning skills, architectural education through active constructive methodologies is able to form professionals capable of combining technical and aesthetic aptitudes and begin to apply to the design and building construction skills. In the discipline of Architectural Construction where contact with the professional world is inevitable. The strategic instructional design element used as main methodology the PBL. With the use of information technologies and communication, ICT and Ubiquitous information ensures the acquisition of skills and knowledge. The programming steps of PBL at the use of ICTs as tools for research-knowledge and representation -communication, achieves another educational dimension. This provides students awareness of their own learning, as also a conceptual relationship and ultimately a holistic view of architecture.
Overview of Business Intelligence through Data Mining
Authors: Alazemi Abdulrahman R. , Alazemi Abdulaziz R.
Published: December 2015

The advent of information technologies brought with it the availability of huge amounts of data to be utilized by enterprises. Data mining technologies are used to search vast amounts of data for vital insight regarding business. Data mining is used to acquire business intelligence and to acquire hidden knowledge in large databases or the Internet. Business intelligence can find hidden relations, predict future outcomes, and speculate and allocate resources. This uncovered knowledge helps in gaining competitive advantages, better customer relationships, and even fraud detection. In this chapter, the authors describe how data mining is used to achieve business intelligence. Furthermore, they look into some of the challenges in achieving business intelligence.