bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal charging model for the identification of bottlenecks in planned highway charging infrastructure for passenger BEVs
Authors: Golab Antonia , Zwickl-Bernhard Sebastian , Perger Theresia , Auer Hans
Published: November 2022

Fast-charging capacities must be sufficiently allocated to meet the charging demand of the growing battery electric vehicle (BEV) fleet. We present a methodology for testing the implementability of a planned charging infrastructure for highway networks in terms of underutilized charging capacities and bottlenecks. A linear optimization model for determining charging activities at a fast-charging infrastructure was developed to accomplish this. Using a bottom-up approach, we modeled the charging activities based on the traffic flow between starting and destination points in the network. The proposed model is applied to a planned fast-charging infrastructure along the highway network in the east of Austria. The obtained results reveal that the charging infrastructure is capable of meeting demand during all observed extreme traffic load and temperature conditions. Thus, no bottlenecks are detected, but locations of charging stations with overestimated capacities are discovered, implying that the local capacities would never be fully utilized. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering the spatio-temporal dynamics of charging activities and the traffic flow when expanding fast-charging infrastructure.
Augmented lineage: traceability of data analysis including complex UDF processing
Authors: Yamada Masaya , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Amagasa Toshiyuki , Matono Akiyoshi
Published: November 2022

Data lineage allows information to be traced to its origin in data analysis by showing how the results were derived. Although many methods have been proposed to identify the source data from which the analysis results are derived, analysis is becoming increasingly complex both with regard to the target (e.g., images, videos, and texts) and technology (e.g., AI and machine learning (ML)). In such complex data analysis, simply showing the source data may not ensure traceability. For example, ML analysts building image classifier models often need to know which parts of images are relevant to the output and why the classifier made a decision. Recent studies have intensively investigated interpretability and explainability in the AI/ML domain. Integrating these techniques into the lineage framework will help analysts understand more precisely how the analysis results were derived and how the results are trustful. In this paper, we propose the concept ofaugmented lineagefor this purpose, which is an extended lineage, and an efficient method to derive the augmented lineage for complex data analysis. We express complex data analysis flows using relational operators by combining user-defined functions (UDFs). UDFs can represent invocations of AI/ML models within the data analysis. Then, we present a method taking UDFs into consideration to derive the augmented lineage for arbitrarily chosen tuples among the analysis results. We also experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Polymorphisms in genes expressed during amelogenesis and their association with dental caries: a case–control study
Authors: Gachova Daniela , Lipovy Bretislav , Deissova Tereza , Izakovicova Holla Lydie , Danek Zdenek , Borilova Linhartova Petra
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Dental caries is a widespread multifactorial disease, caused by the demineralization of hard dental tissues. Susceptibility to dental caries is partially genetically conditioned; this study was aimed at finding an association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins involved in amelogenesis with this disease in children.

Materials and methods

In this case–control study, 15 SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, AMELX, KLK4, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes were analyzed in 150 children with primary dentition and 611 children with permanent teeth with/without dental caries from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort.

Results

Dental caries in primary dentition was associated with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs198968, rs2242670), and dental caries in permanent dentition with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs2235091, rs2242670, rs2978642), (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences between cases and controls were observed in the allele or genotype frequencies of any of the selected SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes (p > 0.05). Some KLK4 haplotypes were associated with dental caries in permanent dentition (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Based on this study, we found that although the SNPs in AMELX and KLK4 are localized in intronic regions and their functional significance has not yet been determined, they are associated with susceptibility to dental caries in children.

Clinical relevance

AMELX and KLK4 variants could be considered in the risk assessment of dental caries, especially in permanent dentition, in the European Caucasian population.
On the learning of vague languages for syntactic pattern recognition
Authors: Flasiński Mariusz , Jurek Janusz , Peszek Tomasz
Published: November 2022

The method of the learning of vague languages which represent distorted/ambiguous patterns is proposed in the paper. The goal of the method is to infer the quasi-context-sensitive string grammar which is used in our model as the generator of patterns. The method is an important component of the multi-derivational model of the parsing of vague languages used for syntactic pattern recognition.
Instabilities in multi-asset and multi-agent market impact games
Authors: Cordoni Francesco , Lillo Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

We consider the general problem of a set of agents trading a portfolio of assets in the presence of transient price impact and additional quadratic transaction costs and we study, with analytical and numerical methods, the resulting Nash equilibria. Extending significantly the framework of Schied and Zhang (2019) and Luo and Schied (2020), who considered the single asset case, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the corresponding Nash equilibria for the related mean-variance optimization problem. We then focus our attention on the conditions on the model parameters making the trading profile of the agents at equilibrium, and as a consequence the price trajectory, wildly oscillating and the market unstable. While Schied and Zhang (2019) and Luo and Schied (2020) highlighted the importance of the value of transaction cost in determining the transition between a stable and an unstable phase, we show that also the scaling of market impact with the number of agents J and the number of assets M determines the asymptotic stability (in J and M) of markets.
The clinical significance of cyclin B1 (CCNB1) in invasive breast cancer with emphasis on its contribution to lymphovascular invasion development
Authors: Aljohani Abrar I. , Toss Michael S. , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is regulated through complex molecular mechanisms. Cyclin B1 (CCNB1) was previously determined as being associated with LVI using large cohorts of breast cancer (BC) and artificial neural network (ANN) technique. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between CCNB1 and LVI, other clinicopathological and other LVI-related biomarkers at the molecular (RNA transcriptomic) and proteomic levels in BC.

Methods

Two transcriptomic BC cohorts (n = 2834) were used to assess the association between the expression of CCNB1 at the mRNA level and clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) from a well-characterised BC cohort (n = 2480) with long-term outcome were also used to assess the clinical significance of CCNB1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry.

Results

High CCNB1 mRNA expression was associated with aggressive tumour behaviour, including LVI, larger size, higher tumour grade, high lymph nodal stage, hormonal receptor negativity, HER2 positivity and poor clinical outcome (all p < 0.0001). Similarly, high CCNB1 protein expression was associated with higher tumour grade, hormonal receptor negativity and HER2 positivity (all p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a significant association between CCNB1- and LVI-related biomarkers including N-cadherin, P-cadherin and TWIST2 at the transcriptomic and proteomic level. Multivariate analysis revealed that CCNB1 was an independent predictor of shorter BC-specific survival (HR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.2–1.5; p = 0.010).

Conclusion

CCNB1 is a key gene associated with LVI in BC and has prognostic value. More functional studies are warranted to unravel the mechanistic role of CCNB1 in the development of LVI.
Does the toxicity of endocrine therapy persist into long-term survivorship?: Patient-reported outcome results from a follow-up study beyond a 10-year-survival
Authors: Carmen Albertini , Anne Oberguggenberger , Monika Sztankay , Daniel Egle , Johannes Giesinger , Verena Meraner , Michael Hubalek , Christine Brunner
Published: November 2022

Background

Endocrine treatment (ET) is a highly effective breast cancer treatment but can distinctly impair breast cancer patients’ quality of life (QOL). In a patient-reported outcome (PROs) study conducted by the authors in 2011, patients reported higher ET-induced symptom levels than known from the registration trials, and was underestimated. Based on these study results, we investigated the long-term sequelae of ET reported by breast cancer survivors (BCS) in a follow-up study conducted 5–10 years after an earlier assessment.

Methods

BCS who had participated in the earlier study (n = 436) were approached for study participation either at one of their routine follow-up appointments or via mail; consenting patients were asked to completed the same PRO assessment used in the original study (FACT-B + ES). BCS with relapse/ progressive disease were excluded from the analysis. We compared long-term endocrine symptomatology and overall QOL outcome (i.e. FACT-G and -ES sum score).

Results

A final sample of 268 BCS was included in the analysis. BCS reported a significant improvement of the overall endocrine symptomatology (baseline mean = 59 vs. follow-up mean = 62, p < 0.001), physical (baseline = 23.9 mean vs. follow-up mean = 24.8, p < 0.01) and functional well-being (baseline mean = 21.7 vs. follow-up mean = 22.7, p = 0.013) and overall QOL (mean baseline = 88.3 vs. mean follow-up = 90.9, p = 0.011). However, the prevalence of particular symptoms, well-known to be ET induced, did not change over time such as joint pain (baseline = 45.5% vs. 44.2%, n.s. difference), lack of energy (36.4% vs 33.8%, n.s. difference), weight gain (36.8% vs. 33.9%, n.s. difference) or vaginal dryness (30.2% vs. 33%, n.s. difference) and the proportion reporting lack of interest in sex increased (40.4% vs. 48.7%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Presented results indicate that BCS recover well in terms of overall endocrine symptomatology and quality of life but experience some clinically relevant and unfavorable ET-related long-term effects.
Band-selective universal 90° and 180° rotation pulses covering the aliphatic carbon chemical shift range for triple resonance experiments on 1.2 GHz spectrometers
Authors: Slad Stella , Bermel Wolfgang , Kümmerle Rainer , Mathieu Daniel , Luy Burkhard
Published: November 2022

Biomolecular NMR spectroscopy requires large magnetic field strengths for high spectral resolution. Today’s highest fields comprise proton Larmor frequencies of 1.2 GHz and even larger field strengths are to be expected in the future. In protein triple resonance experiments, various carbon bandwidths need to be excited by selective pulses including the large aliphatic chemical shift range. When the spectrometer field strength is increased, the length of these pulses has to be decreased by the same factor, resulting in higher rf-amplitudes being necessary in order to cover the required frequency region. Currently available band-selective pulses like Q3/Q5 excite a narrow bandwidth compared to the necessary rf-amplitude. Because the maximum rf-power allowed in probeheads is limited, none of the selective universal rotation pulses reported so far is able to cover the full $$^{13}$$

13

C aliphatic region on 1.2 GHz spectrometers. In this work, we present band-selective 90° and 180° universal rotation pulses (SURBOP90 and SURBOP180) that have a higher ratio of selective bandwidth to maximum rf-amplitude than standard pulses. Simulations show that these pulses perform better than standard pulses, e. g. Q3/Q5, especially when rf-inhomogeneity is taken into account. The theoretical and experimental performance is demonstrated in offset profiles and by implementing the SURBOP pulses in an HNCACB experiment at 1.2 GHz.
How Software Agents Can Help to Coordinate Emergency Response Teams: Adaptive Team Performance Comparing Manual and Automated Team Communication
Authors: Müller Rebecca , Graf Benedikt , Ellwart Thomas , Antoni Conny H.
Published: November 2022

In interprofessional emergency response teams, firefighters, police, and paramedics must communicate efficiently (i.e., request the correct expert) to avoid life-threatening consequences. However, this communication is sometimes inefficient, for example, when a wrong expert is requested due to the lack of meta-knowledge. Team research has shown that meta-knowledge of “who knows what” improves team communication, so that members correctly request each other according to their expertise. Advances in technology, such as software agents holding meta-knowledge, can be used to improve team communication. In this paper, we analyze the effects of meta-knowledge on expert seeking, mistakes in requesting experts, and (adaptive) team performance by comparing manual and automated agent-based team communication. Using a control-center simulation, 360 students in 120 three-person teams had the interdependent task of handling emergencies in three phases. We manipulated meta-knowledge in advance, with 61 teams learning and 59 teams not learning other team members’ expertise. Furthermore, in phases 1 and 3, team members had to communicate manually. In phase 2, communication was automated by a software agent taking over expert requesting. In line with our hypotheses, results showed that software agents can compensate the lack of meta-knowledge, so that there were no performance differences between teams with and without meta-knowledge with automated team communication. Our findings provide implications for research and practice that established team constructs should also be considered in human-automation teams.
Religious Experience as a Predictor of the Meaning in Life and Life Satisfaction in the Lives of Polish Women after a Stillbirth
Authors: Głaz Stanisław
Published: November 2022

Many researchers have demonstrated the relationship of religiosity with dimensions of mental health such as searching for meaning in life, the presence of meaning in life, and life satisfaction. Hence, this study attempts to link such aspects of religiosity with the experience of the presence and/or absence of God with the search for and presence of meaning in life and satisfaction with life among a group of Polish women who have experienced a stillbirth in the past five years. The study included 64 women who lost a baby through stillbirth after the 22nd week of gestation. All the women were born into Christian families and declared themselves to be Christians and actively practicing their faith. Women’s ages ranged from 29 to 47 years. The research results showed that the experience of God’s presence and absence have a positive and significant relationship with the search for meaning in life and the presence of meaning in life, as well as with the satisfaction with life in the lives of women after stillbirth. The strongest relationship was between the presence of meaning in life and life satisfaction (r = .72; p < .01), God’s presence and life satisfaction (r = .66; p < .01), as well as the presence of meaning in life and the search for meaning in life (r = .57; p < .01). The structural equation model showed that the experience of God’s presence and God’s absence have a significant, direct impact on the search for meaning in life and the presence of meaning in life, and the satisfaction with life. These also have an indirect impact on the satisfaction with life in the lives of women who have lost a child to stillbirth.
The predominant stride-frequency for routine swimming in catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula) generates high power at high efficiency in the red musculature
Authors: West Timothy G. , Curtin Nancy A. , Woledge Roger C.
Published: November 2022

Videos of free swimming of catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula) were analysed to give values of swimming speed (units: FL (fish lengths) s−1), stride-length (forward movement in the direction of travel per cycle of body undulation (units: FL) and stride-frequency (units: s−1). Most of the swims (139 of 163, 85%) were at speeds less than 0.545 FL s−1 and were categorized as slow. The rest (24/163, 15%) were categorized as fast. Stride-lengths and stride-frequencies could be evaluated for 115 of the slow swims and 16 of the fast swims. We discuss the fast swim results, but there were so few fast swims that no firm conclusions could be made. As swim speed increased during slow swims, there was a strong increase stride-length [slope 0.965, P < 0.0001)] and a small increase in stride-frequency. Most stride-frequencies (70/115, 61%) were in the range 0.68–0.88 s−1. Previous experiments on red muscle isolated of catshark showed that in this range of frequencies of sinusoidal movement, high power was produced at high efficiency (Curtin and Woledge b). Lower frequencies gave less power and at higher frequencies the efficiency of energy conversion was lower. Thus, we conclude that during routine swimming catsharks choose a swimming speed that optimizes red muscle performance in terms of power and efficiency.
Automated habitat monitoring systems linked to adaptive management: a new paradigm for species conservation in an era of rapid environmental change
Authors: Shirk Andrew J. , Jones Gavin M. , Yang Zhiqiang , Davis Raymond J. , Ganey Joseph L. , Gutiérrez R. J. , Healey Sean P. , Hedwall Shaula J. , Hoagland Serra J. , Maes Ron , Malcolm Karl , McKelvey Kevin S. , Vynne Carly , Sanderlin Jamie S. , Schwartz Michael K. , Seamans Mark E. , Wan Ho Yi , Cushman Samuel A.
Published: November 2022

Context

Recent increases in ecological disturbances driven by climate change and our expanding human footprint make it challenging for natural resource managers to keep apprised of current conditions and adjust management plans accordingly. To effectively conserve species in highly dynamic landscapes requires more timely habitat monitoring and a more responsive adaptive management cycle.

Objectives

We introduce a framework to automatically monitor and assess species habitats over a range of spatial and temporal scales. We then apply this framework by developing an automated habitat monitoring system for the Mexican spotted owl (MSO) in Arizona and New Mexico, USA, that will be linked to federal agency adaptive management plans.

Methods

We automated the process of monitoring and assessing trends in MSO habitat on an annual schedule using the Google Earth Engine cloud-based spatial analysis platform and dynamic data repository. We ran this system retrospectively on historical data to monitor MSO habitat from 1986 to 2020.

Results

The automated habitat monitoring system provided a 35-year MSO habitat time series with high accuracy. Widespread habitat gains and losses occurred every year, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and the benefits of an automated workflow.

Conclusions

Automated habitat monitoring linked to adaptive management holds great promise in helping managers track the impacts of recent disturbances and adjust plans to meet goals even in increasingly dynamic landscapes. In a companion paper, Jones et al. (2023) demonstrate the utility of this approach by analyzing our MSO habitat time series to assess trends, drivers of change, and management implications.
SLISEMAP: supervised dimensionality reduction through local explanations
Authors: Björklund Anton , Mäkelä Jarmo , Puolamäki Kai
Published: November 2022

Existing methods for explaining black box learning models often focus on building local explanations of the models’ behaviour for particular data items. It is possible to create global explanations for all data items, but these explanations generally have low fidelity for complex black box models. We propose a new supervised manifold visualisation method, slisemap, that simultaneously finds local explanations for all data items and builds a (typically) two-dimensional global visualisation of the black box model such that data items with similar local explanations are projected nearby. We provide a mathematical derivation of our problem and an open source implementation implemented using the GPU-optimised PyTorch library. We compare slisemap to multiple popular dimensionality reduction methods and find that slisemap is able to utilise labelled data to create embeddings with consistent local white box models. We also compare slisemap to other model-agnostic local explanation methods and show that slisemap provides comparable explanations and that the visualisations can give a broader understanding of black box regression and classification models.
DLC-Coated Thermoplastics: Tribological Analyses Under Dry and Lubricated Sliding Conditions
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kalscheuer C. , Thiex M. , Sperka P. , Hartl M. , Reitschuster S. , Maier E. , Lohner T. , Stahl K.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to increase the limited wear resistance of polymers in highly stressed tribological contacts. Therefore, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were firstly developed and deposited on polymers. The development of the low temperature coating process was conducted on an industrial scale coating unit. Due to the use of polyether ether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyamide as substrate material, the coatings were tailored in accordance with different mechanical properties of the polymers. Furthermore, analyses regarding morphology, roughness as well as compound adhesion between coatings and polymers were conducted. The tribological analyses were accomplished for reciprocating sliding kinematics on pin-on-plate tribometer under dry conditions as well as boundary lubricated conditions. The results prove the ability of the coatings to undergo high plastic deformations without delamination. In addition, the possible formation of a composite layer of DLC and PEEK in the wear track due to high energy input under dry conditions was shown. Furthermore, the transformations of sp2 chain into ring bindings as well as a change of size and distribution of the sp2 clusters during dry contact conditions were observed.
Application of Tribological Artificial Neural Networks in Machine Elements
Authors: Walker J. , Questa H. , Raman A. , Ahmed M. , Mohammadpour M. , Bewsher S. R. , Offner G.
Published: November 2022

Traditionally, analytical equations used in tribo-dynamic modelling, such as those used for predicting central film thickness within elastohydrodynamic lubricated contacts, have led to timely computations, but tend to lack the accuracy of numerical solvers. However, it can be shown that data-driven solutions, such as machine learning, can significantly improve computational efficiency of tribo-dynamic simulations of machine elements without comprising accuracy relative to the numerical solution. During this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are trained using data produced via numerical solutions, which are constrained by the regimes of lubrication to ensure the quality of the training data set. Multiple ANNs are then implemented to predict EHL central film thickness, as well as viscous and boundary friction, in multiple commonly used machine elements, such as a rolling element bearing and a spur gear. The viscous and boundary friction ANN prediction are compared directly against ball-on-disc experimental measurements to validate its accuracy.
A Bayesian Approach Towards Missing Covariate Data in Multilevel Latent Regression Models
Authors: Aßmann Christian , Gaasch Jean-Christoph , Stingl Doris
Published: November 2022

The measurement of latent traits and investigation of relations between these and a potentially large set of explaining variables is typical in psychology, economics, and the social sciences. Corresponding analysis often relies on surveyed data from large-scale studies involving hierarchical structures and missing values in the set of considered covariates. This paper proposes a Bayesian estimation approach based on the device of data augmentation that addresses the handling of missing values in multilevel latent regression models. Population heterogeneity is modeled via multiple groups enriched with random intercepts. Bayesian estimation is implemented in terms of a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling approach. To handle missing values, the sampling scheme is augmented to incorporate sampling from the full conditional distributions of missing values. We suggest to model the full conditional distributions of missing values in terms of non-parametric classification and regression trees. This offers the possibility to consider information from latent quantities functioning as sufficient statistics. A simulation study reveals that this Bayesian approach provides valid inference and outperforms complete cases analysis and multiple imputation in terms of statistical efficiency and computation time involved. An empirical illustration using data on mathematical competencies demonstrates the usefulness of the suggested approach.
Circumventing the Non-identity Problem
Authors: Carey Brian
Published: November 2022

This article provides an account of moral obligations that we have towards present generations, which require us to produce outcomes that are similar to those we would be required to produce if we had moral obligations to future generations. Discharging these duties enables us to secure the kinds of goods for future generations that we intuitively think we ought to provide in the absence of an answer to the non-identity problem. In this sense, the non- identity problem is avoided rather than solved. Nevertheless, a significant upshot of this account is that it provides a basis for practical action in the face of theoretical uncertainty.
A virtual surgical prototype system based on gesture recognition for virtual surgical training in maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Zhao Hanjiang , Cheng Mengjia , Huang Jingyang , Li Meng , Cheng Huanchong , Tian Kun , Yu Hongbo
Published: November 2022

Background

Virtual reality (VR) technology is an ideal alternative of operation training and surgical teaching. However, virtual surgery is usually carried out using the mouse or data gloves, which affects the authenticity of virtual operation. A virtual surgery system with gesture recognition and real-time image feedback was explored to realize more authentic immersion.

Method

Gesture recognition technology proposed with an efficient and real-time algorithm and high fidelity was explored. The recognition of hand contour, palm and fingertip was firstly realized by hand data extraction. Then, an Support Vector Machine classifier was utilized to classify and recognize common gestures after extraction of feature recognition. The algorithm of collision detection adopted Axis Aligned Bounding Box binary tree to build hand and scalpel collision models. What’s more, nominal radius theorem (NRT) and separating axis theorem (SAT) were applied for speeding up collision detection. Based on the maxillofacial virtual surgical system we proposed before, the feasibility of integration of the above technologies in this prototype system was evaluated.

Results

Ten kinds of signal static gestures were designed to test gesture recognition algorithms. The accuracy of gestures recognition is more than 80%, some of which were over 90%. The generation speed of collision detection model met the software requirements with the method of NRT and SAT. The response time of gesture] recognition was less than 40 ms, namely the speed of hand gesture recognition system was greater than 25 Hz. On the condition of integration of hand gesture recognition, typical virtual surgical procedures including grabbing a scalpel, puncture site selection, virtual puncture operation and incision were carried out with realization of real-time image feedback.

Conclusion

Based on the previous maxillofacial virtual surgical system that consisted of VR, triangular mesh collision detection and maxillofacial biomechanical model construction, the integration of hand gesture recognition was a feasible method to improve the interactivity and immersion of virtual surgical operation training.
Online-Meetings: Fluch und Segen eines digitalen Kommunikationsformats
Authors: Kunert Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Dieser Artikel widmet sich virtuellen Konferenzformaten und deren Eigenheiten. Aus verschiedenen psychologischen Perspektiven wird der Frage nachgegangen, was Online-Meetings von Präsenztreffen unterscheidet, wo die Gründe für die vorzeitige Erschöpfung in solchen digitalen Formaten liegen und welchen Risiken man sich bei ihrem Einsatz bewusst sein muss. Der Beitrag endet mit einem Plädoyer für eine integrative Perspektive von Präsenz, asynchronen und synchronen digitalen Kommunikationsformaten.
The Isothermal Oxidation of a New Polycrystalline Turbine Disk Ni-Based Superalloy at 800 °C and Its Modification with Pre-oxidation
Authors: Wo J. W. X. , Pang H. T. , Wilson A. S. , Hardy M. C. , Stone H. J.
Published: November 2022

Ni-based superalloys with enhanced oxidation resistance at high temperatures are crucial for next-generation gas turbine engines. A new polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy (C19) that combines improved microstructural stability with environmental resistance has been developed. Its oxidation resistance has been determined through measurements of the specific mass change and morphological evolution of the formed oxides following furnace exposures at 800 °C in air for up to 1000 hours; the results of which were benchmarked against Nimonic 105. C19 showed hybrid Type II/Type III behavior as a marginal Al2O3former and performed similarly to established superalloys at 750 °C. The Wagner model for the transition from internal to external oxide formation predicted that C19 should form a continuous Al2O3scale at higher temperatures. A pre-oxidation treatment at 1100 °C for 1 hour was, therefore, selected and shown to dramatically improve the oxidation resistance during subsequent exposure at 800 °C. Oxide cross-sectional analysis showed that C19 formed a continuous and protective Al2O3scale after the pre-oxidation treatment, whereas Nimonic 105 retained discontinuous Al2O3finger-like intrusions beneath a Cr2O3overscale.
Repression, Retraction? Re-reading!
Authors: Preuß Kai
Published: November 2022

Since there have been books, there has been a need to get rid of them. From powerful magical formulae and heretical wisdom to the early drafts of poetry, authorities and writers tried to remove certain texts from circulation, or tried to inhibit or steer their reception. In the first part, this article gives a brief overview of forms of book-disposal, voluntary and involuntary, in antiquity and points to their significance for Augustine of Hippo in particular. In a second section, the article features Augustine’sRevisions(Retractationes), a commentary on his own literary production and an innovative effort to gain control over the reception and interpretation of his own works. In this late retrospection, Augustine employs the persona of a self-critical author—fallible and pressed by the duties of his office but always in pursuit of God’s truth—that allows him to reconfigure his authorial past in relation to himself, his texts, and his audience. The article will trace the implications of Augustine’s self-fashioning for the recurrent problem of controlling the reception and interpretation of written works.
Explaining variation in adolescents’ social media-related distraction: The role of social connectivity and disconnectivity factors
Authors: Siebers Teun , Beyens Ine , Pouwels J. Loes , Valkenburg Patti M.
Published: November 2022

Social media are often believed to distract adolescents’ attention. While existing research has shown that some adolescents experience more social media-related distraction than others, the explanations for these differences remain largely unknown. Based on Self-Determination Theory, this preregistered study investigated two social connectivity factors (fear of missing out [FoMO] and friendship accessibility expectations) and two disconnectivity factors (self-control strategies and parental restrictions) that may explain heterogeneity in social media-related distraction. We used data collected through a measurement burst design, consisting of a three-week experience sampling method study among 300 adolescents (21,970 assessments) and online surveys. Using N = 1 analyses, we found that most adolescents (77%) experienced social media-related distraction. Contrary to expectations, none of the connectivity or disconnectivity factors explained differences in social media-related distraction. The findings indicate that social media are a powerful distractor many adolescents seem to struggle with.
Is trust in artificial intelligence systems related to user personality? Review of empirical evidence and future research directions
Authors: Riedl René
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to technologies which support the execution of tasks normally requiring human intelligence (e.g., visual perception, speech recognition, or decision-making). Examples for AI systems are chatbots, robots, or autonomous vehicles, all of which have become an important phenomenon in the economy and society. Determining which AI system to trust and which not to trust is critical, because such systems carry out tasks autonomously and influence human-decision making. This growing importance of trust in AI systems has paralleled another trend: the increasing understanding that user personality is related to trust, thereby affecting the acceptance and adoption of AI systems. We developed a framework of user personality and trust in AI systems which distinguishes universal personality traits (e.g., Big Five), specific personality traits (e.g., propensity to trust), general behavioral tendencies (e.g., trust in a specific AI system), and specific behaviors (e.g., adherence to the recommendation of an AI system in a decision-making context). Based on this framework, we reviewed the scientific literature. We analyzed N = 58 empirical studies published in various scientific disciplines and developed a “big picture” view, revealing significant relationships between personality traits and trust in AI systems. However, our review also shows several unexplored research areas. In particular, it was found that prescriptive knowledge about how to design trustworthy AI systems as a function of user personality lags far behind descriptive knowledge about the use and trust effects of AI systems. Based on these findings, we discuss possible directions for future research, including adaptive systems as focus of future design science research.
Ist das (schon) Hatespeech? – Eine qualitative Untersuchung zum Verständnis von Hatespeech unter pädagogischem Schulpersonal
Authors: Ballaschk Cindy , Schulze-Reichelt Friederike , Wachs Sebastian , Krause Norman , Wettstein Alexander , Kansok-Dusche Julia , Bilz Ludwig , Schubarth Wilfried
Published: November 2022

Hatespeech ist ein gesellschaftliches Phänomen, das auch die Lebenswelt Schule betrifft. Was jedoch pädagogisches Schulpersonal unter Hatespeech versteht, ist unklar und daher Thema der vorliegenden Interviewstudie mit Lehrkräften (n = 18) und Sozialpädagog_innen (n = 16). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Hatespeech als Herabsetzung verschiedener strukturell unterdrückter Gruppen verstanden wird (z. B. Transpersonen, Homosexuelle, jüdische Personen). Die Befragten erkennen subtilere Formen von Hatespeech oft nicht als Problem an und verstehen Hatespeech vorranging als Online-Phänomen, obwohl auch Vorfälle in Schulen berichtet werden. Es lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass pädagogisches Schulpersonal für Offline-Hatespeech und subtilere Formen sensibilisiert werden muss, um seine Interventionsbereitschaft zu steigern.
A Chromosome-Level Reference Genome of African Oil Palm Provides Insights into Its Divergence and Stress Adaptation
Authors: Wang Le , Lee May , Yi Wan Zi , Bai Bin , Ye Baoqing , Alfiko Yuzer , Rahmadsyah Rahmadsyah , Purwantomo Sigit , Song Zhuojun , Suwanto Antonius , Hua Yue Gen
Published: November 2022

The palm family (Arecaceae), consisting of ∼ 2600 species, is the third most economically important family of plants. The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the most important palms. However, the genome sequences of palms that are currently available are still limited and fragmented. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of an oil palm, Dura, assembled by integrating long reads with ∼ 150× genome coverage. The assembled genome was 1.7 Gb in size, covering 94.5% of the estimated genome, of which 91.6% was assigned into 16 pseudochromosomes and 73.7% was repetitive sequences. Relying on the conserved synteny with oil palm, the existing draft genome sequences of both date palm and coconut were further assembled into chromosomal level. Transposon burst, particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons, following the last whole-genome duplication, likely explains the genome size variation across palms. Sequence analysis of the VIRESCENS gene in palms suggests that DNA variations in this gene are related to fruit colors. Recent duplications of highly tandemly repeated pathogenesis-related proteins from the same tandem arrays play an important role in defense responses to Ganoderma. Whole-genome resequencing of both ancestral African and introduced oil palms in Southeast Asia reveals that genes under putative selection are notably associated with stress responses, suggesting adaptation to stresses in the new habitat. The genomic resources and insights gained in this study could be exploited for accelerating genetic improvement and understanding the evolution of palms.
Dynamics of a self-propelled compound droplet
Authors: Li Gaojin , Koch Donald L.
Published: November 2022

A recent experiment by Wang et al. (Soft Matt., vol. 17, 2021, pp. 2985–2993) shows that a self-propelled compound drop in a surfactant-laden solution can autonomously change its motion from a straight line to a spiraling trajectory, enhancing its capability for chemical detection, catalytic reaction and pollutant removal in a large fluid region. To understand the underlying physics of this peculiar motion, we develop a two-dimensional minimal model to study the swimming dynamics of a compound droplet driven by a self-generated Marangoni stress. We find that, depending on the Péclet number (

$Pe$

) and the viscosity and volume ratios of the two compound phases, the drop can swim in a variety of trajectories, including straight lines, circles, zigzag curves and chaotic trajectories. The drop moves in circles when its two components have comparable volumes. Otherwise, it shows other types of motions depending on

$Pe$

. Our simulation results for the circular motion at small

$Pe$

are qualitatively comparable to the experiment. The transition between zigzag and circular trajectories is mainly determined by the orientation of high-order modes with respect to the drop's swimming direction. For most compound drops, the speed decays as

$Pe^{-1/3}$

at high Péclet numbers as it does for a single-phase drop. A drop with two equal components undergoes a run-and-reorient motion due to the competition between the even and odd modes.
FROBENIUS-AFFINE STRUCTURES AND TANGO CURVES
Authors: HOSHI YUICHIRO
Published: November 2022

In a previous paper, we discussed Frobenius-projective structures on projective smooth curves in positive characteristic and established a relationship between pseudo-coordinates and Frobenius-indigenous structures by means of Frobenius-projective structures. In the present paper, we discuss an “affine version” of this study of Frobenius-projective structures. More specifically, we discuss Frobenius-affine structures and establish a similar relationship between Tango functions and Frobenius-affine-indigenous structures by means of Frobenius-affine structures. Moreover, we also consider a relationship between these objects and Tango curves.
Can't coalesce, can't constrain: redefining elite influence in non-democracies
Authors: Kaire José
Published: November 2022

What allows autocratic political elites to coordinate with each other and check dictators? Earlier work assumes that elite coordination becomes easier as dictators share more power. I argue that, even when power-sharing is pervasive, a lack of cohesiveness can rob regime members of their influence over dictators. Conflicting interests can leave seemingly powerful elites unable to agree on when or how to challenge the dictator. I develop a measure of elite collective action based on this framework. It documents not only how much power elites have, but also the obstacles they would need to resolve to work together. In doing so, it better describes the relationship between autocrats and their ruling coalition, and its added nuance allows it to recover findings that current measures miss. By paying closer attention to the cohesion of autocratic elites, this paper explains why some dictators can rule tyrannically without retribution, and why weaker elites can still constrain powerful autocrats.
TWO LETTERS OF THE USURPER MAGNUS MAXIMUS (COLLECTIO AVELLANA39 AND 40)
Authors: Omissi Adrastos
Published: November 2022

This article presents, for the first time in English, a translation of the two letters of the usurping emperor Magnus Maximus that are to be found within theCollectio Avellana(letters 39 and 40). The letters—from Maximus to the Emperor Valentinian II and from Maximus to Siricius, bishop of Rome—are each introduced with an extensive discussion of their subject matter, the circumstances of their composition, and their probable date. The article then considers possible reasons for these letters’ unusual survival; as letters of a usurping emperor, one would have expected them to be destroyed, and the article explores how we may understand their inclusion in theCollectio Avellana. Finally, the translations are given, with extensive commentary in their notes.
Initial Public Offerings Chinese Style
Authors: Qian Yiming , Ritter Jay R. , Shao Xinjian
Published: November 2022

This article provides a survey of China’s initial public offering (IPO) market, focusing on IPO pricing, bids and allocation, and aftermarket trading. We show that strict regulations result in suppressed IPO offer prices and high initial returns, causing a high cost of going public. Investors treat IPOs as lotteries with extremely high short-term returns, with little attention to the long term. The auction selling method, however, works in the way it is supposed to. Mutual funds bid in a more informative way than other investors, and their advantages are unlikely to be due to underwriters’ preferential treatment. We also discuss the latest registration-system reform.
Ethnic differences in physical and mental multimorbidity in working age adults with a history of depression and/or anxiety
Authors: Ronaldson Amy , de la Torre Jorge Arias , Broadbent Matthew , Ashworth Mark , Armstrong David , Bakolis Ioannis , Hatch Stephani L. , Hotopf Matthew , Dregan Alex
Published: November 2022

Background

The current study used data from an ethnically diverse population from South London to examine ethnic differences in physical and mental multimorbidity among working age (18–64 years) adults in the context of depression and anxiety.

Method

The study included 44 506 patients who had previously attended Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services in the London Borough of Lambeth. Multinomial logistic regression examined cross-sectional associations between ethnicity with physical and mental multimorbidity. Patterns of multimorbidity were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis.

Results

Within 44 056 working age adults with a history of depression or anxiety from South London there were notable ethnic differences in physical multimorbidity. Adults of Black Caribbean ethnicity were more likely to have physical multimorbidity [adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.36] compared to adults of White ethnicity. Relative to adults of White ethnicity, adults of Asian ethnicity were more likely to have physical multimorbidity at higher thresholds only (e.g. 4 + conditions; aRRR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.17–2.00). Three physical (atopic, cardiometabolic, mixed) and three mental (alcohol/substance use, common/severe mental illnesses, personality disorder) multimorbidity clusters emerged. Ethnic minority groups with multimorbidity had a higher probability of belonging to the cardiometabolic cluster.

Conclusion

In an ethnically diverse population with a history of common mental health disorders, we found substantial between- and within-ethnicity variation in rates of physical, but not mental, multimorbidity. The findings emphasised the value of more granular definitions of ethnicity when examining the burden of physical and mental multimorbidity.
An Extratropical Contribution to the Signal‐To‐Noise Paradox in Seasonal Climate Prediction
Authors: Knight Jeff R. , Scaife Adam A. , Maidens Anna
Published: November 2022

Skillful seasonal prediction of northern hemisphere mid‐latitude winter climate has become a reality in the last decade, but its practical applications are hampered by the “signal‐to‐noise paradox,” in which predicted signal amplitudes are much smaller than expected from the correlation with observations. Various hypotheses for the paradox have been advanced. Here we test whether we can identify a contribution from extratropical processes. To do this, we use ensembles of numerical experiments in which the tropical dynamical state is relaxed toward observationally based reanalysis. This allows us to remove errors in the representation of the tropical sources of teleconnections to mid‐ and high‐latitudes. We find that a signal‐to‐noise paradox remains present in our relaxation experiments, implying that at least part of the origin of the paradox must arise from errors in simulating processes in the extratropics. This finding helps to narrow the search for its ultimate cause.
Successive Westward Traveling Surges Driven by Sequential Plasma‐Sheet Bubble Injections
Authors: Wei Dong , Yang Jian , Liu Chengming , Zhang Fei , Wang Wenrui , Sun Weiqin
Published: November 2022

The westward traveling surge (WTS) is one of the most notable manifestations of auroral substorms. Using the Rice Convection Model, previous study confirmed that a single plasma‐sheet bubble injection can result in the formation of WTS. In reality, however, earthward‐propagating bubbles are persistently injected from the magnetotail during substorms; hence it is worth further investigating how sequential bubble injections would affect the features of WTS. In this study, we find that the successive WTSs observed by all‐sky imagers correspond well with continual plasma‐sheet bubble injections detected by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction during Substorms satellite in the magnetosphere. Numerical simulations are carried out to reveal that the multiple plasma‐sheet bubble injections lead to sequential surges in the ionosphere. Interestingly, our results indicate that the propagation speeds of WTSs are well correlated with the magnetic field dipolarization in the magnetosphere.