bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of the participatory network mapping tool to facilitate and evaluate coordinated action in health promotion networks: two Dutch case studies
Authors: Wijenberg Evianne , Wagemakers Annemarie , Herens Marion , Hartog Franciska den , Koelen Maria
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

Facilitating processes for coordinated action in the field of health promotion is a challenge. Poorthuis and Bijl’s (2006) Participatory Network Mapping Tool (PNMT) uses visualization and discussion to map the positions and roles of network actors, stimulate learning processes, and elicit actionable knowledge. This article describes the results from the application of the PNMT in networks of two Dutch health promotion programmes (Health Race and BeweegKuur) with the aim of determining the value of the PNMT to partners in health promotions networks.

Methods:

A qualitative secondary analysis (QSA) was conducted to clarify positions and roles, learning processes, and actionable knowledge of network actors in existing data sets including five group interviews of the Health Race programme and 16 individual interviews and 15 group interviews of the BeweegKuur programme.

Results:

The PNMT maps both positions and roles of (missing) actors and makes successes (e.g. knowing each other) and challenges (e.g. implementing new activities) visible. Thus, the PNMT provides a starting point for discussion and reflection and eliciting actionable knowledge such as involving new actors and target populations in the programme.

Conclusion:

The PNMT contributes to the facilitation of coordinated action in health promotion networks by making positions and roles of network partners visible. In combination with dialogue and reflection the PNMT helps to elucidate factors influencing coordinated action and outcomes. The PNMT is valuable in grasping intangible aspects between actors by stimulating collective learning. These insights can be used by researchers and network actors to achieve more successful coordinated action for health promotion.
Differential IL‐1 signaling induced by BMPR2 deficiency drives pulmonary vascular remodeling
Authors: Pickworth Josephine , Rothman Alexander , Iremonger James , Casbolt Helen , Hopkinson Kay , Hickey Peter M. , Gladson Santhi , Shay Sheila , Morrell Nicholas W. , Francis Sheila E. , West James D. , Lawrie Allan
Published: August 2017

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutations are present in patients with heritable and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Circulating levels of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) are raised in patients and animal models. Whether interplay between BMP and IL‐1 signaling can explain the local manifestation of PAH in the lung remains unclear. Cell culture, siRNA, and mRNA microarray analysis of RNA isolated from human pulmonary artery (PASMC) and aortic (AoSMC) smooth muscle cells were used. R899X+/– BMPR2 transgenic mice fed a Western diet for six weeks were given daily injections of IL‐1ß prior to assessment for PAH and tissue collection. PASMC have reduced inflammatory activation in response to IL‐1ß compared with AoSMCs; however, PASMC with reduced BMPR2 demonstrated an exaggerated response. Mice treated with IL‐1ß had higher white blood cell counts and significantly raised serum protein levels of IL‐6 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) plasma levels recapitulating in vitro data. Phenotypically, IL‐1ß treated mice demonstrated increased pulmonary vascular remodeling. IL‐1ß induces an exaggerated pulmonary artery specific transcriptomic inflammatory response when BMPR2 signaling is reduced.
Imitating the Risky Decision-Making of Peers
Authors: Riedijk Larisa , Harakeh Zeena
Published: August 2017

This experiment examined whether emerging adults imitate the risky decision-making of peers and whether peer susceptibility functions as a moderator. Overall, 63 emerging adults participated with a confederate of the same gender. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (confederate engaged in risky decision-making) or control (confederate did not engage in risky decision-making) condition. Risky decision-making was measured with the Stop-Light Game task, and peer susceptibility was measured with a questionnaire. Linear regression analyses showed that the participants engaged in more risky decision-making when the peer displayed risky decision-making. Peer susceptibility was not found to be a significant moderator of this relationship. The findings showed that health education programs need to consider imitation to reduce the risky decision-making of emerging adults more effectively.
Functional Outcomes of Achilles Tendon Minimally Invasive Repair Using 4- and 6-Strand Nonabsorbable Suture: A Cohort Comparison Study
Authors: Carmont Michael R. , Zellers Jennifer A. , Brorsson Annelie , Olsson Nicklas , Nilsson-Helander Katarina , Karlsson Jon , Silbernagel Karin Grävare
Published: August 2017

Background:

The aim of management of Achilles tendon rupture is to reduce tendon lengthening and maximize function while reducing the rerupture rate and minimizing other complications.

Purpose:

To determine changes in Achilles tendon resting angle (ATRA), heel-rise height, patient-reported outcomes, return to play, and occurrence of complications after minimally invasive repair of Achilles tendon ruptures using nonabsorbable sutures.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between March 2013 and August 2015, a total of 70 patients (58 males, 12 females) with a mean age of 42 ± 8 years were included and evaluated at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after repair of an Achilles tendon rupture. Surgical repair was performed using either 4-strand or 6-strand nonabsorbable sutures. After surgery, patients were mobilized, fully weightbearing using a functional brace. Early active movement was permitted starting at 2 weeks.

Results:

There were no significant differences in the ATRA, Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), and Heel-Rise Height Index (HRHI) between the 4- and 6-strand repairs. The mean (SD) relative ATRA was –13.1° (6.6°) (dorsiflexion) following injury; this was reduced to 7.6° (4.8°) (plantar flexion) directly after surgery. During initial rehabilitation at 6 weeks, the relative ATRA was 0.6° (7.4°) (neutral) and –7.0° (5.3°) (dorsiflexion) at 3 months, after which ATRA improved significantly with time to 12 months ( P = .005). At 12 months, the median ATRS was 93 (range, 35-100), and the mean (SD) HRHI and Heel-Rise Repetition Index were 81% (0.22%) and 82.9% (0.17%), respectively. The relative ATRA at 3 and 12 months correlated with HRHI ( r = 0.617, P < .001 and r = 0.535, P < .001, respectively).

Conclusion:

Increasing the number of suture strands from 4 to 6 does not alter the ATRA or HRHI after minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair. The use of a nonabsorbable suture during minimally invasive repair when used together with accelerated rehabilitation did not prevent the development of an increased relative ATRA. The ATRA at 3 months after surgery correlated with heel-rise height at 12 months.
Factors Influencing Patient Selection of an Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Physician
Authors: Manning Blaine T. , Bohl Daniel D. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Cotter Eric J. , Wang Kevin C. , Epley Chad T. , Verma Nikhil N. , Cole Brian J. , Bach Bernard R.
Published: August 2017

Background:

The rise in consumer-centric health insurance plans has increased the importance of the patient in choosing a provider. There is a paucity of studies that examine how patients select an orthopaedic sports medicine physician.

Purpose:

To evaluate factors that patients consider when choosing an orthopaedic sports medicine physician.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 1077 patients who sought treatment by 3 sports medicine physicians were administered an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire included 19 questions asking respondents to rate the importance of specific factors regarding the selection of orthopaedic sports medicine physicians on a scale of 1 (not important at all) to 10 (very important). The remaining 6 questions were multiple-choice and regarded the following criteria: preferred physician age, appointment availability, clinic waiting room times, travel distance, and medical student/resident involvement.

Results:

Of the 1077 consecutive patients administered the survey, 382 (35%) responded. Of these, 59% (n = 224) were male, and 41% (n = 158) were female. In ranking the 19 criteria in terms of importance, patients rated board certification (9.12 ± 1.88), being well known for a specific area of expertise (8.27 ± 2.39), and in-network provider status (8.13 ± 2.94) as the 3 most important factors in selecting an orthopaedic sports medicine physician. Radio, television, and Internet advertisements were rated the least important. Regarding physician age, 63% of patients would consider seeking a physician who is ≤65 years old. Approximately 78% of patients would consider seeking a different physician if no appointments were available within 4 weeks.

Conclusion:

The study results suggest that board certification, being well known for a specific area of expertise, and health insurance in-network providers may be the most important factors influencing patient selection of an orthopaedic sports medicine physician. Advertisements were least important to patients. Patient preferences varied regarding ideal physician age, clinic appointment availability, medical student/resident involvement, and travel distance in choosing an orthopaedic sports medicine physician. In the context of health care delivery and as reimbursement becomes increasingly consumer centered, understanding the process of provider selection is important.
How Movies with a Female Presence Fare with Critics
Authors: Lindner Andrew M. , Schulting Ziggy
Published: August 2017

This study explores one potential mechanism contributing to the persistent underrepresentation of women in film by considering whether movie critics reward or penalize films with an independent female presence. Drawing on a sample of widely distributed movies from 2000 to 2009 (n = 975), we test whether films that pass the Bechdel Test (two or more named women speak to each other about something other than a man) have higher or lower Metacritic scores net of control variables, including arthouse production label, genre, production budget, including a top star, and being a sequel. The results indicate that the mere inclusion or absence of an independent female presence has no effect on a film’s composite critical evaluation. These findings suggest that while critical reviews are not a major factor contributing to women’s exclusion from film, movie critics as a whole do not advocate for films with an independent female presence.
Ginkgetin aglycone ameliorates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by activating SIRT1 via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Yang Suxia , Chen Fang , Li Huicong , Chen Baoping
Published: August 2017

Background

Ginkgetin aglycone (GA), a novel Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) by acid hydrolysis and recrystallization, is characterized by higher liposolubility and antioxidation than classical GBEs. There is no study depicting the functional role of GA in acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we firstly reported the protective effect of GA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI and its underlying mechanism.

Methods

ELISA analysis was applied to measure plasma level of TNF-α and IL-6, and NF-κB activity in kidney homogenate. Renal function analysis was performed by detecting serum concentration of Kim-1 and urine level of BUN. Cell apoptosis in kidney tissues was detected by TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity assay. qRT-PCR was conducted to determine mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IκBα. Western blot was carried out to confirm expression of p-IκBα, SIRT1, and iNOS.

Results

GA administration protected mice from LPS-induced AKI by attenuating inflammatory response, renal injury, as well as tubular apoptosis both in vivo. GA suppressed inflammatory response induced by LPS in HK-2 cells. Moreover, GA upregulated SIRT1 expression and blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced AKT in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, suppression of SIRT1 abated the inhibitory effect of GA on LPS-induced inflammatory response and renal injury.

Conclusions

GA prevented LPS-induced AKI by activating SIRT1 via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing new insights into the function and molecular mechanism of GA in AKI. Therefore, GA may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of septic AKI.
End-of-Life Intensity for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: A Californian Population-Based Study That Shows Disparities
Authors: Johnston Emily E. , Alvarez Elysia , Saynina Olga , Sanders Lee , Bhatia Smita , Chamberlain Lisa J.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

Cancer is the leading cause of nonaccidental death among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). High-intensity end-of-life care is expensive and may not be consistent with patient goals. However, the intensity of end-of-life care for AYA decedents with cancer—especially the effect of care received at specialty versus nonspecialty centers—remains understudied.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective, population-based analysis with the California administrative discharge database that is linked to death certificates. The cohort included Californians age 15 to 39 years who died between 2000 and 2011 with cancer. Intense end-of-life interventions included readmission, admission to an intensive care unit, intubation in the last month of life, and in-hospital death. Specialty centers were defined as Children’s Oncology Group centers and National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer centers.

Results:

Of the 12,938 AYA cancer decedents, 59% received at least one intense end-of-life care intervention, and 30% received two or more. Patients treated at nonspecialty centers were more likely than those at specialty-care centers to receive two or more intense interventions (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.62). Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with two or more intense interventions included minority race/ethnicity (Black [OR, 1.35, 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.56]; Hispanic [OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.36]; non-Hispanic white: reference), younger age (15 to 21 years [OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.56; 22 to 29 years [OR,1.26; 95% CI,1.14 to 1.39]; ≥ 30 years: reference), and hematologic malignancies (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.66; solid tumors: reference).

Conclusion:

Thirty percent of AYA cancer decedents received two or more high-intensity end-of-life interventions. In addition to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, hospitalization in a nonspecialty center was associated with high-intensity end-of-life care. Additional research is needed to determine if these disparities are consistent with patient preference.
Maternal expression of the histone demethylase Kdm4a is crucial for pre-implantation development
Authors: Sankar Aditya , Kooistra Susanne Marije , Gonzalez Javier Martin , Ohlsson Claes , Poutanen Matti , Helin Kristian
Published: August 2017

Regulation of chromatin composition through post-translational modifications of histones contributes to transcriptional regulation and is essential for many cellular processes, including differentiation and development. KDM4A (JMJD2A) is a lysine demethylase with specificity towards di- and tri-methylated lysine 9 and lysine 36 of histone H3 (H3K9me2/me3 and H3K36me2/me3). Here, we report that Kdm4a as a maternal factor plays a key role in embryo survival and is vital for female fertility. Kdm4a−/− female mice ovulate normally with comparable fertilization but poor implantation rates, and cannot support healthy transplanted embryos to term. This is due to a role for Kdm4a in uterine function, where its loss causes reduced expression of key genes involved in ion transport, nutrient supply and cytokine signalling, which impact embryo survival. In addition, a significant proportion of Kdm4a-deficient oocytes displays a poor intrinsic ability to develop into blastocysts. These embryos cannot compete with healthy embryos for implantation in vivo, highlighting Kdm4a as a maternal effect gene. Thus, our study dissects an important dual role for maternal Kdm4a in determining faithful early embryonic development and the implantation process.
Conserved cytoplasmic domains promote Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase complex formation for ER-associated degradation (ERAD)
Authors: Schulz Jasmin , Avci Dönem , Queisser Markus A. , Gutschmidt Aljona , Dreher Lena-Sophie , Fenech Emma J. , Volkmar Norbert , Hayashi Yuki , Hoppe Thorsten , Christianson John C.
Published: August 2017

The mammalian ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 is the central component of a complex facilitating degradation of misfolded proteins during the ubiquitin–proteasome-dependent process of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Hrd1 associates with cofactors to execute ERAD, but their roles and how they assemble with Hrd1 are not well understood. Here, we identify crucial cofactor interaction domains within Hrd1 and report a previously unrecognised evolutionarily conserved segment within the intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic domain of Hrd1 (termed the HAF-H domain), which engages complementary segments in the cofactors FAM8A1 and Herp (also known as HERPUD1). This domain is required by Hrd1 to interact with both FAM8A1 and Herp, as well as to assemble higher-order Hrd1 complexes. FAM8A1 enhances binding of Herp to Hrd1, an interaction that is required for ERAD. Our findings support a model of Hrd1 complex formation, where the Hrd1 cytoplasmic domain and FAM8A1 have a central role in the assembly and activity of this ERAD machinery.
Enhanced radiation dose and DNA damage associated with iodinated contrast media in diagnostic X-ray imaging
Authors: Harbron Richard , Ainsbury Elizabeth A , Bouffler Simon D , Tanner Rick J , Eakins Jonathan S , Pearce Mark S
Published: August 2017

A review was undertaken of studies reporting increased DNA damage in circulating blood cells and increased organ doses, for X-ray exposures enhanced by iodinated contrast media (ICM), compared to unenhanced imaging. This effect may be due to ICM molecules acting as a source of secondary radiation (Auger/photoelectrons, fluorescence X-rays) following absorption of primary X-ray photons. It is unclear if the reported increase in DNA damage to blood cells necessarily implies an increased risk of developing cancer. Upon ICM-enhancement, the attenuation properties of blood differ substantially from surrounding tissues. Increased energy deposition is likely to occur within very close proximity to ICM molecules (within a few tens of micrometres). Consequently, in many situations, damage and dose enhancement may be restricted to the blood and vessel wall only. Increased cancer risks may be possible, in cases where ICM molecules are given sufficient time to reach the capillary network and interstitial fluid at the time of exposure. In all situations, the extrapolation of blood cell damage to other tissues requires caution where contrast media are involved. Future research is needed to determine the impact of ICM on dose to cells outside the blood itself and vessel walls, and to determine the concentration of ICM in blood vessels and interstitial fluid at the time of exposure.
Optimization of radiotherapy fractionation schedules based on radiobiological functions
Authors: Pizarro Fernando , Hernández Araceli
Published: August 2017

Objective:

To present a method for optimizing radiotherapy fractionation schedules using radiobiological tools and taking into account the patient´s dose-volume histograms (DVH).

Methods:

This method uses a figure of merit based on the uncomplicated tumour control probability (P+) and the generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD). A set of doses per fraction is selected in order to find the dose per fraction and the total dose, thus maximizing the figure of merit and leading to a biologically effective dose that is similar to the prescribed schedule.

Results:

As a clinical example, a fractionation schedule for a prostate treatment plan is optimized and presented herein. From a prescription schedule of 70 Gy/35 × 2  Gy, the resulting optimal schema, using a figure of merit which only takes into account P+, is 54.4 Gy/16 × 3.4  Gy. If the gEUD is included in that figure of merit, the result is 65 Gy/26 × 2.5  Gy. Alternative schedules, which include tumour control probability (TCP) and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) values are likewise shown. This allows us to compare different schedules instead of solely finding the optimal value, as other possible clinical factors must be taken into account to make the best decision for treatment.

Conclusion:

The treatment schedule can be optimized for each patient through radiobiological analysis. The optimization process shown below offers physicians alternative schedules that meet the objectives of the prescribed radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:

This article provides a simple, radiobiological-function-based method to take advantage of a patient’s dose-volume histograms in order to better select the most suitable treatment schedule.
A confiança para a manutenção de uma inovação democrática: o caso do orçamento participativo digital de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Barros Samuel Anderson Rocha , Sampaio Rafael Cardoso
Published: August 2017

Dada a crescente importância da internet como método de consulta dos cidadãos por parte da administração pública sobre políticas públicas, o presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre como se configuram os sentimentos e impressões dos participantes dos fóruns on-line do Orçamento Participativo Digital (OPD) de Belo Horizonte. Trata-se de um caso especialmente profícuo para essa análise, uma vez que houve notável queda do número de participantes entre as edições, de modo que podemos investigar as razões para o desengajamento. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo de todas as mensagens dos fóruns on-line das edições de 2008 e 2011 (N = 2.370), com o propósito de identificar o sentimento dos cidadãos em relação à iniciativa, à percepção da eficácia da própria participação na produção das decisões, à percepção de ser bem representado. Os resultados indicam que a expressão de sentimentos dos cidadãos nos fóruns on-line é fundamental para a avaliação das políticas públicas em discussão e também do próprio instrumento de participação. Ademais, ponderamos os prejuízos resultantes da não consideração das opiniões e sentimentos manifestados pelos cidadãos.
Transition to ISA: Changes in Audit Documentation Practice
Authors: Устинова  , Ustinova Yana
Published: August 2017

Th e article considers the eff ects of transition to ISA in audit documenting. Th e author analyzes base audit documenting problems, existing before the transition to ISA, discloses ISA specifi c features, refl ected in the change of approach to audit documenting, explores the main results the transition to ISA in formation of auditor working papers.
Newly qualified health visitor: Vibrant communities
Authors: Rodger Ailsa
Published: August 2017

The health visiting profession prides itself on the ethos of a universal, non-stigmatising service to all. Ailsa Rodger looks at how well are we meeting the needs of our changing community demographic.
The specialist health practitioner: Supporting children and families with complex needs
Authors: Walcott Miranda
Published: August 2017

This article explores whether a service that offers intensive support for families of children with a child protection plan has a positive effect on outcomes. It will examine the work of the Edge of Care health team, comprising a health practitioner, key workers, social care assistant and nursery nurse, in safeguarding children. The service key workers manage a range of issues, including housing, learning disabilities, probation, behavioural support, social work, and drug and alcohol support.
To the touch
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: August 2017

While even the youngest children seem to love using touch screens, it is not yet established how they may affect development in the long term. Annette Rawstrone provides a guide to monitoring them.
Plant a little seed
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: August 2017

Watching a plant grow promotes a feel-good factor for children. Karen Hart builds on these positive emotions with stories, mimes and planting ideas that explore the environmental requirements for life.
Maud’s Song and Heraclitus’s Logos: Journal fragments
Authors: Gaitanidi Maria
Published: August 2017

In the search for identity, how does a journey with Maud Robart open the possibility to question artistic ethics, presence and the action of non-action? In this article, Heraclitus and Maud Robart walk side by side through the personal experience of the author who shares observations and two fragments of her journal during her work with Robart in August 2016.
Caracterización de los paisajes terrestres actuales de la península de Yucatán
Authors: Chiappy Carlos , Gama Liily , Giddings Lorrain
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la caracterización de los paisajes actuales de la península de Yucatán. Para su estudio se empleó el método físico-geográfico-paisajístico, a partir de un esquema integral de componentes naturales (geomorfología, altitud, climas, suelos, uso del suelo y vegetación), derivado de mapas digitizados. Se cruzó entre si la información relativa a estos componentes mediante un sistema de información geográfica, de lo que se obtuvieron nuevas combinaciones. Para el proceso de clasificación de los paisajes se utilizó lo sugerido por Mateo (1984), con respecto a los índices diagnósticos y los diferentes niveles taxonómicos. En los mapas obtenidos de paisajes se identificaron seis clases de éstos en el estado de Quintana Roo, tres en Campeche y cuatro clases para Yucatán.
Propiedades limnéticas de sistemas dulceacuícolas pequeños en Acambay, México: correlación de datos de campo con imágenes de video en color
Authors: López Blanco Jorge , Zambrano González Luis
Published: August 2017

En este trabajo se presenta un método para evaluar las características ecológicas de cinco microembalses o pozas, en Acambay, Estado de México, que se basa en la obtención y el procesamiento, mediante un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), de las imágenes de esos cuerpos de agua, tomadas con técnicas de teledetección videográfica a una altura sobre el terreno de entre 100 y 700 m. El análisis se apoya en el establecimiento de las correlaciones estadísticas entre los valores promedio puntuales de las siguientes propiedades limnéticas, importantes para la dinámica de los microembalses: 1. Sólidos suspendidos; 2. Turbidez/Transparencia del agua (Disco de Secchi); 3. Cobertura de macrofitas totales (sumergidas, emergentes y libreflotadoras); 4. Cobertura de macrofitas de superficie (emergentes y libreflotadoras); 5. Abundancia de zooplancton (organismos por litro) y 6. Concentración de Clorofila-a en el agua. Todas ellas con respecto a los valores de radiancia promedio (niveles digitales) de cada una de las bandas RGB en que fueron separadas las imágenes originales. Los valores de las variables se obtuvieron a partir de las muestras tomadas en el interior de los microembalses. Los resultados mostraron niveles de correlación significativos entre las variables, la concentración de sólidos suspendidos y la turbidez, con respecto a los valores promedio por banda imagen (R=0.85 a 0.98). En cambio, las correlaciones establecidas con la abundancia de fitopolancton y zooplancton fueron poco significativas. Este método mostró ser útil para la descripción de las variables físicas de los microembalses, pero no lo fue para las variables biológicas.
La experiencia cultural del espacio: el espacio vivido y el espacio abstracto. Una perspectiva ricoeureana
Authors: Gómez Rojas Juan Carlos
Published: August 2017

Este ensayo plantea, primeramente, el problema de la espacialidad, no sólo en cuanto a su mensurabilidad sino también en cuanto a su percepción mítica y cultural La separación entre espacio geográfico y espacio cósmico nos permite reflexionar sobre la importancia de la experiencia humana, hablar del aquí y del allí es ubicar, diferenciar, poner escalas al espacio geográfico, elaborar las relaciones geográficas, en donde la cientificidad es inseparable de la experiencia individual y social. En la dicotomía entre el espacio cósmico y el espacio geográfico, entre ese "aquí" y ese "allá", se ubica la experiencia humana del espacio vivido; vínculo entre los fenómenos geográficos y su relatoría geográfica. Es la vivencia humana lo que caracteriza a la Geografía como una de las estructuras simbólicas principales de la experiencia cultural del espacio. Respecto a la historicidad del espacio geográfico, Ricoeur habla de horizontes de expectativa y espacios de experiencia. Estos últimos resultan de las acciones del pasado, de la configuración actual del espacio regional. Por horizonte de expectativa hay que ver el despliegue de los proyectos y de las esperanzas que posibilitan el futuro. Es aquí donde se puede pronosticar el desarrollo de una región, donde las "leyes" de la Geografía se encuentran.
Abastecimiento a la Ciudad de México: el caso de los pequeños productores de fresa de Guanajuato
Authors: Echánove Huacuja Flavia
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la problemática a la que se enfrentan los pequeños productores de fresa que abastecen a la mayor urbe de nuestro país, en torno a la comercialización de su producto. Este estudio de caso analiza la situación de los ejidatarios integrantes del ejido de La Soledad, ubicado en Irapuato, Guanajuato, quienes dependen de una red consolidada de intermediarios locales y regionales, como única alternativa para la venta de sus productos. Diversos aspectos relacionados con el carácter perecedero de su producción, la falta de infraestructura (transporte, empacadoras y procesadoras), de regulación en las transacciones, de información de mercados y de producción, y de crédito accesible, así como su estado de descapitalización y desorganización determinan su dependencia de dichos intermediarios, así como los resultados económicos de su actividad. Al analizar con fines comparativos los mecanismos de comercialización de medianos y grandes productores se hace evidente la relación existente entre la tipología de estos agentes y las características de sus procesos de comercialización. Se describe también el vínculo existente entre intermediarios y comerciantes mayoristas de la Central de Abasto del Distrito Federal, y entre éstos y los distribuidores al detalle, transitándose así por todos los eslabones de la cadena del producto estudiada.
Clima histórico de Cuba: contribución al transecto PEP-I del PAGES
Authors: Celeiro Chaple Maira
Published: August 2017

La investigación revela las variaciones climáticas registradas en Cuba entre los siglos XVII y XX. E método histórico, utilizado por primera vez en el país, posee una notable factibilidad y adecuada aproximación cualitativa y cuantitativa para la reconstrucción de las precipitaciones y las temperaturas en el pasada histórico cubano, para lo cual fue necesario la consulta y el análisis de una gran cantidad de documentos escritos con información sobre el clima de la época y su influencia en el medio ambiente. Para la reconstrucción climática se utilizaron dos métodos en la estimación de las series de lluvias, las curvas totales de la desviación media de muchos años o curvas Integrales, para la evaluación de la tendencia general de las precipitaciones y el método de la desviación, también se calcularon las anomalías da la lluvia estandarizada y las anomalías de las temperaturas, en las primeras observaciones instrumentales. Se pudo estimar que el aumento de la temperatura media anual ha sido, desde finales del siglo XVIII, superiora 1.5 °C y que las precipitaciones en las regiones occidental y oriental del país comenzaron a aumentar a partir de mediados del siglo XIX.
Transformación de la vegetación por cambio de uso del suelo en la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul, Cam peche
Authors: García Gil Geranio , March Mikuf Ignacio , Castillo Sanfrago Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2017

Se presentan los métodos y técnicas utilizadas para la elaboración de la carta de vegetación y uso del suelo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul (RBC). La información fue procesada mediante un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), por lo que se generó una base geográfica digital a partir de la cual se efectuó un análisis cuantitativo del estado de transformación de la cobertura forestal por actividades antrópicas. A partir de la cartografía de los tipos de vegetación y uso del suelo se evaluó la situación actual en la Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul, para ello se utilizaron 1 500 fotografías aéreas de 1995 y 1996 en escala 1:20 000; se aplicó la corrección fotogramétrica digital; se validó la información en campo y se generaron diversas coberturas para la base geográfica. Del área estudiada (722 121.6 ha), 98.3% corresponde a selva sin perturbación antrópica visible. Las áreas transformadas por actividades humanas alcanzan un 3.51% del área que comprende la reserva. Los mayores cambios en la vegetación por cambio de uso del suelo dentro del área en estudio, se localizan en el flanco oriental de la reserva y están relacionados directamente con proyectos de colonización humana ocurridos en los últimos treinta años.
Islas de Puerto Rico y de Culebra: regularidades geomoríológicas de su relieve costero y submarino
Authors: Hernández Santana José Ramón , Seguinot Barbosa José , Reyes González Ramiro
Published: August 2017

El reconocimiento morfodinámico del litoral, su correlación con los diseños tectónicos principales y el análisis morfoescultural costero de la isla de Puerto Rico, y en especial de la isla Culebra, permitió diferenciar y valorar la destacada influencia de la tectogénesis insular en la configuración de los patrones geomorfológicos del ¡nterfase tierra-mar y de su entorno submarino. Dentro de las principales regularidades tectogenéticas de la morfoestructura insular y de su morfoescultura litoral se destacan: la alineación morfotectónica de pequeños grupos insulares y de sus rasgos morfoesculturales internos; la aparición y alineación de cordones de afloramientos pétreos abrasivos; la alineación paralela y quebrada del litoral: et control tectónico de la configuración de la línea costera y de sus accidentes por diseño ortogonal de los sistemas disyuntivos diagonales predominantes NVV-SE y NE-SW; el desarrollo de tómbolos por fallamiento paralelo a la costa y ascenso de pequeños bloques insulares contiguos; la distribución amplia de microbahías y microensenadas condicionadas por alta densidad de fallamiento y agrietamiento transversal paralelo, la difusión de costas cóncavas en forma de concha, de carácter acumulativo biogénico entre salientes abrasivos discretos; y la presencia de sistemas alternos de horst y graben, como factor condicionante de la alternancia de costas abrasivas (puntas, cabos y promontorios) y acumulativas (playas, pantanos, manglares) o ensenadas y bahías. Este último rasgo es distintivo y determinante en la morfodinámica de la costa occidental de la isla de Puerto Rico y la septentrional de la isla Culebra. Por otra parte, se presenta el esquema estructuro-geomorfológico del relieve submarino de los mares y océanos circundantes a la isla de Puerto Rico, bajo la evolución de los elementos mayores y más característicos de la corteza terrestre del Caribe septentrional. Los principios de su clasificación tipológica distinguen las grandes estructuras, en las cuales se desarrollan los complejos morfogenéticos. En los bordes sumergidos de las placas continental Norteamericana y oceánica Caribe, se caracterizan las grandes categorías del relieve submarino (plataforma y talud insulares, depresiones y fosas profundas), utilizando los rasgas morfológicos, genéticos e hipsométricos de tos distintos complejos morfogenéticos (llanuras, mesetas y cadenas montañosas) de las cuencas marinas y oceánicas, y se presentan en un mapa estructuro-geomorfológico.
CARTOGRAFIA GEOMORFOLOGICA DE EL BAJIO Y PORCIONES ADYACENTES, lz250 O00
Authors: Bocco Gerardo
Published: August 2017

Con base en el análisis de parámetros morfométricos, asi como de cartografía base, topográfica y geológica, se presenta la carta geomorfológica de la región en estudio. Tras grandes grupos de formas del relieve resultan del mencionado análisis: planicies de nivel de base regionales, por lo general antiguas cuencas lacustres, donde dominan los procesos acumulativos; piedemontes volcánicos ca-racterizados por diferentes grados de erosión; y estructuras montañosas volcánicas, con diferentes grados de fractura, cuyas edades varían entre el oligoceno y el cuaternario. Asimismo, se detectan los principales lineamientos tectónicos regionales, con rumbos NNw/SSE y ESE/wNw, mismos que gobiernan la evolución de las características globales del relieve en la zona.
CAMBIO AMBIENTAL DEL CUATERNARIO TARDIO EN DEPOSITOS LACUSTRES EN LA CUENCA DE ZACAPU, MICHOACAN.RECONSTRUCCION PRELIMINAR
Authors: Metcalfe S.E. , Harrison S.P.
Published: August 2017

Los depósitos superficiales alrededor de las márgenes de la cuenca lacustre cerrada de Zacapu, Michoacán (19 ̊51'N, 101°40' W) han sido examinados como parte de una investigación del cambio ambiental del cuaternario tardío en el centro de México. Las diatomitas lacustres están intercaladas con arenas de playas, suelos pantanosos orgánicos y depósitos coluviales. Esta secuencia refleja fluctuaciones en el nivel del lago y cambios en la importancia relativa de los procesos lacustres y terrestres en la cuenca. El examen de estas secciones sobre la base del ambiente de las fuentes de sedimento, usando diferentes técnicas, provee un medio de evaluar la importancia relativa de factores específicos, tales como el cambio climático o el impacto del hombre, que causan las fluctuaciones registrados por los depósitos.
Clío & Asociados. La investigación sobre enseñanza de la historia en revista
Authors: Finocchio Silvia
Published: August 2017

A partir de un relevamiento y análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de contenidos de la revista Clío & Asociados, el artículo plantea consideraciones en torno a las líneas de investigación sobre la enseñanza de la historia desarrolladas en la Argentina. Asimismo, reflexiona sobre temas y problemas de investigación y destaca la cuestión de la enseñanza de la historia reciente como nodal pues fue allí donde hubo mayor acumulación de conocimientos. Finalmente señala tres áreas de vacancia y justifica su relevancia.
Prevalence of impacted canine among Yemen population in Sana’a city
Authors: Lutf Al-Motareb Fuad , Al-Labani Mohammed A , M Al-Zubair Nabil , Dhaifullah Esam
Published: August 2017

Objective: Impacted maxillary and mandibular canine is a frequently encountered clinical problem. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impacted canine in patients visiting an Orthodontic Clinic in Sana'a city, Yemen.Materials and methods: Patients were examined in order to detect the impacted canines by radiographs. This study comprises data from randomly selected 5287 patients. Panoramic radiographs of 5287 were selected irrespective of sex, caste, nutritional and socio-economic status Angulation and depth of impacted canine were also assessed.Results: Out of 5287 surveyed subjects, 188 patients (3.55%) were determined to have canine impactions of whom 123 female and 65 male (Chi‑square = 18.667, df = 1, P = 0.00001). Of those determined with canine impaction, 168 presents with impacted maxillary canines, 8 presents with the impacted mandibular canine and 12 present with impacted canine in both maxillary and mandibular arch. The difference was statistically significant (Chi‑square = 157.362, df = 1, P = 0.0000). 138 subjects present with unilateral impaction, while the rest of the sample (50 subjects) present with bilateral impaction. Mesioangular impaction was found in 137subjects (68.5 %) and only 3 subjects (1.5 %) demonstrated distoangular impaction.Conclusion: Based on the study results, the canine impaction was reported in (3.55%) of Yemeni population included in the survey. Most of the canine impaction occurs in maxillary arch being more prevalent in female and unilateral in mesioangular direction.
Fortalecimiento de la creatividad en la educación preescolar orientado por estrategias pedagógicas basadas en el arte y la literatura infantil
Authors: Sánchez Ruíz Mónica Tatiana , Morales Rojas María Alejandra
Published: August 2017

El presente documento plantea el proceso y ejecución de una investigación que pretende, diseñar una propuesta de intervención pedagógica orientada por estrategias artísticas y literarias que posibilite el fortalecimiento de los procesos creativos en niños de educación preescolar entre los 5 y 6 años. Como objetivos específicos primero se determinó el perfil creativo de los niños preescolares a través de la aplicación de una prueba diagnóstica, después se valoró la propuesta pedagógica y su impacto en el fortalecimiento de la creatividad en niños, analizando las propuestas de intervención aplicadas en la institución educativa, seleccionando las estrategias pertinentes con las que finalmente se construyó una cartilla digital para maestros y agentes educativos, orientadas al fortalecimiento de habilidades creativas en niños preescolares. Apoyados en el paradigma cualitativo y teniendo como diseño metodológico la investigación acción, siendo esta la más pertinente para desarrollar un ejercicio investigativo y sistemático al tratar de integrar simultáneamente conocimientos y estrategias para lograr la articulación de la teoría y la práctica. De esta manera se consolidó una propuesta integral e innovadora que no solo se limitó a tener en cuenta los procesos de expresión artísticos y literarios que favorecen la creatividad infantil, si no que fue más allá considerando la importancia de mantener un equilibrio en el desarrollo del niño a través de la dimensión cognitiva, comunicativa y el desarrollo emocional como características necesarias e indispensables para descubrir, participar y disfrutar actividades lúdicas que le permitieran, fortalecer y expresar espontáneamente su capital creativo. La propuesta destaca la importancia de trabajar con proyectos de aula que permitieron la motivación y el fortalecimiento de habilidades creativas de manera significativa, siendo esta metodología una alternativa viable para superar la tradición mecánica, instrumental y dirigida de orientar los talentos de los niños en la Educación Preescolar.
Future imaginaries of urban school reform
Authors: Nespor Jan
Published: August 2017

Drawing on analytic heuristics from critical discourse analysis and cultural political economy (Jessop, 2010; Wodak, 2002), this article examines the temporal premises and “futures” embedded in a report and reform proposal created in a mid-sized, American city, Columbus, Ohio, in 2013. The product of a city-wide commission appointed in response to a school ‘cheating’ scandal, the report is both a condensation of key premises and claims circulating through national education policy discourses, and an effort to fit those ideas to a particular urban locale. This fitting involves aligning the city with a particular neoliberal representation or “imaginary” of the future that pervades current education policy discourse and planning. The article unpacks the temporal premises associated with this imaginary and shows their influence on the city’s planning. Among other things, the discourse individuates scholastic time and subordinates the present to a distant future that is represented as an already-known or predictable state of affairs. It positions practices such as standardized testing as temporal technologies for predicting the child’s position in the imagined future, and reframes racially- and class-based inequalities as differences in the kinds of futures towards which groups are oriented. The effect is to overwrite political questions of what kind of future we might want to create with technical questions of how best to prepare for an inevitable future we can’t avoid.
The use of coconut pulp as a feed substrate to methanogenesis inhibitor in in vitro rumen fluid fermentation
Authors: Sondakh E.H.B. , Kalele J.A.D. , Ratulangi F.S.
Published: August 2017

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the adding of coconut pulp in ruminant feed on methane reduction in vitro. Rumen fluid and substrate of forage and concentrate in ratio 60:40 were in this study. This experiment consisted of five treatments of coconut pulp as followed: R1: feed substrates without the coconut pulp; R2: substrate feed with coconut pulp 5%; R3: substrate feed with coconut pulp 10%; R4: Substrate feed with coconut pulp 15% and R5: substrate feed with coconut pulp 20%. Each treatment was conducted to four replications. Fermentation was done using the Hohenheim Gas Test (HGT) incubated at 39oC for 72 hours. At the end of fermentation was determined production of methane, parameters of fermentation, microbial activity, feed digestibility and fatty acids profile of the ruminal fluid. Data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance using completely randomized design. The differences of mean values were analyzed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that methane production has decreased about 13.74%-17.39% when the feed was given coconut dregs 15-20%. Based on the results of the study was concluded that the supplementation of coconut pulp up to 15-20% of 100% dry matter can be used as a substrate of ruminant feed, because it can reduce methane and does not interfere the microbial activity in the fermentation of rumen fluid through in vitro. The supplementation of coconut pulp can be a referencein designing the methanogenic inhibitor feed.
Clustering, Knowledge Sharing, and Intrabrand Competition: A Multiyear Analysis of an Evolving Franchise System
Authors: Butt Moeen Naseer , Antia Kersi D. , Murtha Brian R. , Kashyap Vishal
Published: August 2017

As franchise systems expand, the clustering and resulting proximity of same-brand outlets often become contentious issues. The increased interactions among outlets may facilitate knowledge sharing, even while inducing intrabrand competition. Prior research has considered each possibility—knowledge sharing or intrabrand competition—in isolation, resulting in conflicting recommendations to the central question of whether multiple same-brand outlets should be close to or distant from one another. In this study, the authors take the perspective of the focal outlet and show that the opportunity to share knowledge afforded by clustering-based proximity may or may not be realized, depending on the motivation and ability of the proximal outlets to share knowledge, the focal outlet's ability to absorb knowledge, and the governance context. An analysis of more than 8,000 observations on the 988 outlets of a U.S.-based automotive service franchise system from 1977 to 2012, and corresponding outlet-level sales information from 2004 to 2012, provides support for the authors’ hypotheses.