bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adopting the Use of Indigenous Knowledge to Alleviate the Decline of Living Marine Resources in South Africa
Authors:   School of Law, University of Limpopo, South Africa, Bapela Mpho Paulos
Published: January 2025

Most living organisms found in the ocean are vital to human life. They can be used for a myriad of activities ranging from human consumption to making cosmetic products. The variety of usages attracted attention, and there was an influx of natural and juristic persons into coastal areas to exploit these resources. This resulted in declining living marine resources due to over-exploitation and over-reliance. The need to regulate the living marine resources to protect and preserve their existence became evident. Thus, a plethora of legislation related to the marine environment was
promulgated. Amongst other legislation, the Marine Living Resources Act 18 of 1998 (MLRA) was promulgated to ensure living marine resources management, conservation, and preservation. However, even in its existence, living marine resources continue to decline. Under these circumstances, Indigenous knowledge could be adopted to assist in alleviating the decline of living marine resources and augmenting the MLRA. Indigenous knowledge boasts methods of managing, conserving, and preserving living marine resources. Therefore, this paper calls for the need to incorporate some of these Indigenous knowledge practices into the MLRA. In buttressing the need to incorporate Indigenous knowledge in the MLRA, this study shall adopt a non-empirical and qualitative research approach.
Brief Considerations About “Quasi Contracts” and the Administrative Contracts in Romania
Authors:   „Constantin Brâncoveanu” University of Pitești, Romania, Nedelcu Iulian
Published: January 2025

In the matter of administrative contracts, some problems arise related to what is known as "quasi contracts" in civil law, namely business management, restitution of unpaid payments and unjust enrichment. In such cases, as a rule, the corresponding provisions of the Civil Code are invoked. In administrative law, the provisions of the Civil Code regarding business management found a weak application. Instead, those regarding the restitution of the unpaid payment were constantly validated. As for unjust enrichment, this could occur when certain works were executed or services were performed based on a contract that was ultimately not concluded, that was struck by nullity, that reached its term. It was only in 1961 that its validity was recognized, qualifying it as a "general principle applicable, even in the absence of a text, in the matter of public works".
Res Judicata and the Principle of Effectiveness of European Law: A (Sometimes) Difficult Encounter?
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Craiova, Judge at Craiova Court of Appeal, Romania, Groza Anamaria
Published: January 2025

The res judicata produced by court judgments in EU Member States has sometimes been called into question by the CJEU, in order to ensure the effete utile of Union law. The judgment delivered by the Court following a preliminary reference by the Brașov Court of Appeal must be understood in this perspective. The Court’s reasoning is interesting because it expresses the fine balance between respecting the effects of a final judgment of national courts and the useful effect of EU law, helping to understand the Court’s view on the interplay of the two principles. On this occasion, the
CJEU recalled the rule derived from its previous judgments that the referring court must apply the Court’s interpretation, even if the fulfilment of this obligation would amount to leaving unapplied a national rule which obliges the referring court to comply with the decisions of a higher court, including constitutional ones. Although the CJEU tends to generalise the principle of effectiveness of Union law as a derogation from res judicata, the Luxembourg court is also concerned with reducing the negative impact on the scope of the res judiciata at the domestic level, by setting out criteria of assessment left to the national courts. We seek to discover these criteria on the basis of descriptive and explanatory research, accompanied by relevant case law.
Penguatan Kompetensi Guru SMK dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek untuk Mengoptimalkan Link and Match Pendidikan dengan Industri
Authors: Sari Christina Kartika , Rejeki Sri , Harta Idris , Maulana Mohammad Rifki
Published: January 2025

Link and match antara sektor pendidikan dan dunia usaha dan dunia industri (DUDI) juga menjadi tuntutan untuk menghasilkan lulusan SMK yang berdaya saing global. Untuk mewujudkan ekosistem pendidikan vokasi yang  tepat dan berkelanjutan, salah satu langkah strategis yang dapat ditempuh adalah penguatan kompetensi guru dalam mengintegrasikan dunia usaha dalam pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL). Implementasi kurikulum merdeka menuntut guru dapat menyelenggarakan PjBL untuk dapat meningkatkan kolaborasi dan kemandirian peserta didik, serta mendukung terbentuknya lulusan dengan hardskills, softskills dan karakter yang kuat. Namun, dalam pembelajaran di SMK, integrasi Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) yang mendukung implementasi PjBL belum dilakukan dengan optimal. Kegiatan ini berupaya mengoptimalkan kompetensi guru dalam penyusunan LKPD beorientasi PjBL. Tidak hanya mendukung kompetensi guru, kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi inovasi dalam pembelajaran dan menjadikan pembelajaran lebih aplikatif. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam bentuk pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam penyusunan LKPD berorentasi PjBL secara luring dan asinkronus. Kegiatan dibagi menjadi dua sesi, yakni sosialisasi model PjBL dan pemanfaatan LKPD berorientasi PjBL, dan sesi kedua berupa peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam penyusunan LKPD berorientasi PjBL. Sesi pertama dilakukan secara luring melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan, sedangkan sesi kedua dilakukan secara asinkronus dalam penyusunan LKPD berorientasi PjBL sesuai mata pelajaran masing-masing. Pada akhir kegiatan ini, 98.39% guru SMK menyatakan berminat dan siap mengimplementasikan PjBL dalam pembelajarannya.
Em torno da arte paleolítica do vale do Côa
Authors: Tomás Santos André
Published: January 2025

El río Côa se encuentra en el noreste de Portugal y es afluente del Duero por el sur. En sus orillas y en la de otros pequeños cursos de agua cercanos se localizan ochenta y tres lugares donde están documentadas más de mil rocas con arte rupestre de diferentes épocas, la gran mayoría al aire libre.
ESTUDO SOBRE AS IMPLICAÇÕES ACERCA DO PERFIL REPRODUTIVO PÓS-MOLA HIDATIFORME NO PERÍODO DE 2015 A 2019 EM UM AMBULATÓRIO DE REFERÊNCIA EM BELÉM/PA
Authors: Erbes Ayla Luiza Preuss , Reis Verena Sousa , Santos Vando Delgado de Souza , Leitão Vitor Rocha , Branco Aimee Christine Ferreira de Melo Castelo , Silva Inara Cristina Flexa Pereira da , Luz Marília Gabriela Queiroz da , Silva Marcello José Ferreira da
Published: January 2025

O estudo aborda as implicações do perfil reprodutivo pós-mola hidatiforme em pacientes atendidas em um ambulatório de referência no Estado do Pará entre 2015 e 2019. Por meio de uma análise descritiva e seccional de 235 prontuários médicos, identificaram-se aspectos relacionados à evolução reprodutiva após o esvaziamento uterino e os tratamentos realizados. Os resultados revelaram que apenas 26,8% das mulheres conseguiram manter uma gestação viável, e 22% necessitaram de quimioterapia, sendo o metotrexato o medicamento mais utilizado. Entre as que engravidaram, poucas enfrentaram desfechos desfavoráveis, como abortos, gravidez ectópica ou anembrionada e menopausa precoce. A maioria das pacientes negativou o β-HCG em menos de um ano, o que destaca a efetividade do acompanhamento. Os dados sugerem que a recorrência molar e a necessidade de quimioterapia se associam a maior risco de desfechos reprodutivos adversos, embora a literatura médica reforce a possibilidade de um futuro reprodutivo normal para grande parte das mulheres. Conclui-se que o estudo contribui para o entendimento de um tema ainda pouco explorado na região, reforçando a necessidade de novas investigações para aprimorar o manejo clínico dessas pacientes.
ABORDAGEM DA DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA - RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Costa Marina Queiroz Tobias , Alves Bruna Evellyn de Lima
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Descrever um caso de Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne e discutir o quadro clínico e a abordagem diagnóstica na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão de prontuário e de literatura. Detalhamento de Caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 12 ano, filho de pais não consanguíneos sem histórico familiar conhecido para a doença. Há 4 anos apresentando quadro de quedas frequentes associado a redução da força em membros inferiores. Devido ao quadro, procurou acompanhamento na UBS da região. Ao exame físico, apresentava hipertrofia das panturrilhas, sinal de Gowers, marcha alterada, dificuldade de subir degraus e andar nas pontas dos pés. Exames laboratoriais demonstraram creatinofosfoquinase 6052 U/I, TGO 73,3 e TGP 68,3. No teste genético apresentou deleção do éxon 50 no gene da distrofina, caracterizando a doença. Conclusão: É importante o reconhecimento precoce das manifestações clínicas por profissionais de saúde das unidades da atenção primária em saúde, pois através do acompanhamento e identificação o quanto antes dos sinais e sintomas, há maior chance de retardar a progressão da doença ao instituir brevemente o tratamento com a equipe multidisciplinar objetivando melhor qualidade de vida e maior expectativa de vida.
IoT's Economic Impacts on Smart Cities
Authors: Deniz Emre
Published: January 2025

This article comprehensively examines the economic impacts of the Internet of Things (IoT) on smart cities. Smart cities aim to enhance sustainability, efficiency, and quality of life through the integration of IoT technologies. The economic benefits of IoT in various domains, such as infrastructure management, energy conservation, transportation optimization, and the improvement of public services, are elaborated. Furthermore, potential costs and challenges, including high initial investments, data security concerns, and workforce transformation, are discussed. Supported by a literature review and current case analyses, the article presents findings that highlight IoT's contributions to the economic structure of smart cities and the barriers encountered. In conclusion, it emphasizes that IoT technologies have the potential to stimulate economic growth in smart cities through proper strategic planning and policy support.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Salsabila Sabrina Putri , Gumala Yosi
Published: January 2025

This research aims to describe the talking stick learning model which is based on the findings of previous researchers, which were obtained from how much student learning outcomes increased after using the talking stick learning model. This research uses a literature study method by collecting 30 relevant journals from DOAJ, Sinta, Index Copernicus, Google Scholar and then using them as a literature review to identify them by reading, analyzing, categorizing, classifying and describing. The research results obtained from the analysis of the data found showed that student learning outcomes had increased significantly after implementing the talking stick model. This can be seen from several opinions which support that the talking stick model has an effect on improving student learning outcomes. So it can be concluded that the Talking Stick learning model can improve elementary school students' learning outcomes.
Penerapan Media Audiovisual untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Amalia Zafirah Nur , Gumala Yosi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to see how much influence audiovisual media has on student learning outcomes in elementary schools. This study uses a literature review approach to achieve this goal, by analyzing various previous studies relevant to this topic. Researchers collected 30 articles from DOAJ, Sinta, Index Copernicus and Google Scholar journals by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing the results of relevant previous studies to build a theoretical framework and empirical basis and then working on it through identification by reading, analyzing, categorizing, classifying and describing. With the results of the study proving that audiovisual media plays an important and effective role in achieving learning outcomes and contributes significantly, there are many benefits to using audiovisual learning media as an alternative to utilizing technological advances to help students be more motivated to learn because the material is presented in an interesting way. By creating fun learning media, students will feel more confident and motivated to achieve their maximum learning potential.
Media in Times of Crisis: A Case Study on the Impact of Media on Societal Awareness During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed Jawad
Published: January 2025

This paper aims at establishing the importance of media used in creating consciousness within the society during this COVID-19. This study focuses on how information, shared across the social media, news, entertainment and public health nodes or channels, shaped the public’s perception and compliance to the recommended health measures. The study proved the hypothesis that accurate and timely information relayed by the media enhanced the awareness and in return increased the community participation in the preventive measures. Still, the study also discusses emerging issues including misleading information and polarization that erode public credibility. At last, this research confirms the importance of the role generic media strategies play in promoting the public awareness and preparedness in health emergencies.
High Performance Medicine: Involving Artificial Intelligence Models in Enhancing Medical Laws and Medical Negligence Matters A Case Study of Act, 2009 (Act 792) in Ghana
Authors: Mensah George Benneh , Mijwil Maad M. , Abotaleb Mostafa , Ali Guma , Dutta Pushan Kumar
Published: January 2025

This paper examines Ghana's Interpretation Act, 2009 for applicability in AI medical negligence cases. Doctrinal analysis focuses on causation and liability apportionment provisions. Findings reveal opacity and distributed responsibility issues in attributing algorithm harm via "but-for" and related tests. However, contributory liability and proportionality stipulations provide means for an equitable remedy. Recommendations include codifying AI accountability through updated laws and jurisprudence, plus transparency requirements for medical AI approvals. Ensuring current law dynamically governs emerging technologies remains vital for public welfare. The analysis aims to spur policy adaptations, balancing innovation with adequate causation tests and flexible liability rules for AI medical harms.
L’Anneau perdu et retrouvé de Sedaine et La Borde (1764) : Réflexions sur un travail d’écriture à quatre main
Authors: Franková Jana , Schang-Norbelly Marie-Cécile
Published: January 2025

La mise en regard du livret de L’Anneau perdu et retrouvé écrit par Sedaine en 1764 et des partitions de quelques ariettes composées par La Borde pour la même pièce met en évidence la dimension collaborative du travail mené par le librettiste et le compositeur: le premier ménage une place à la musique et programme un spectacle « dramatico-musical »; le second remanie le texte des ariettes pour créer des formes musicales susceptibles d’en souligner et d’en développer le sens. Il apparaît que les deux auteurs conjuguent leurs efforts, au service de la continuité dramatique et de l’efficacité d’un spectacle voué à saisir les sens du spectateur.
Sedaine et le théâtre comique italien : la dramaturgie de la lorgnette
Authors: Fabiano Andrea
Published: January 2025

À travers l’analyse de plusieurs livrets de Sedaine, l’article discute de la présence de la pantomime dramatique, d’un espace scénique multiple et des scènes simultanées ou composées dans la pratique et dans la réflexion du librettiste français. Il aborde également son projet dramaturgique comme paradigmatique du changement emblématique de la dramaturgie de l’opéra-comique. En effet, Sedaine révèle dans ses pièces la discontinuité artistique qui se produit dans la dramaturgie de l’opéracomique en 1762, au moment de l’achat par la Comédie-Italienne du répertoire et du privilège du Théâtre de l’Opéra-Comique de la Foire.
La « Marche des captifs » du Magnifique : un défi dramatico-musical
Authors: Charlton David
Published: January 2025

La vision théâtrale de Sedaine englobait l’histoire, la musique, les idées, le mouvement. Pour Le Magnifique, il enrichit le conte de La Fontaine d’un arrièreplan dans lequel l’esclavage, la déloyauté et la générosité sont dévoilés peu à peu. Cependant, Sedaine assure l’unité théâtrale de sa vision en envisageant un retour de captifs libérés, dont la présence en défilé serait révélée par la musique. Les indications initiales du livret de Sedaine furent interprétées par Grétry d’une façon assez élaborée; finalement la Comédie-Italienne entreprend la réalisation scénique de ce défilé de captifs. Des documents divers, rassemblés, nous permettent de mieux comprendre la totalité de cette réalisation.
Museus como espaços híbridos de educação: Interface projeto conviver e museu Boulieu em Ouro Preto (MG)
Authors: Bretas Eberte Moura , Santos Nathália Rezende , Alves Kerley dos Santos
Published: January 2025

Este artigo busca investigar a dinâmica da educação não formal em museus, analisando a interação entre o projeto de extensão “Conviver: Valorização e Capacitação de Pessoas para o Turismo Vivo”, vinculado a Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto por meio da pró-reitoria de extensão e do Departamento de Turismo da Escola de Direito, Turismo e Museologia. Propõe inserir, na atividade turística e cultural, pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social dos Centro de Referência em Assistência Social (CRAS) e o Museu Boulieu em Ouro Preto, com ênfase na prática articulada, visando compreender como a abordagem da "reforma do entendimento" contribui para a emancipação dos participantes. Utilizando uma metodologia mista, combinando pesquisa bibliográfica e observação participante, examinamos as atividades educativas, incluindo workshops e a "Ocupação Criativa". Os resultados revelam um alto nível de satisfação, promovendo não apenas a democratização da arte e cultura no espaço público, mas também contribuindo para o aprimoramento das práticas educativas em museus. Conclui-se que a parceria entre o Projeto Conviver e o Museu Boulieu, com ênfase na prática articulada e na abordagem da "reforma do entendimento", promove a emancipação dos participantes e aprimora as práticas educativas em museus, impactando positivamente a democratização da arte e cultura no espaço público.
Importância da qualificação em biossegurança na prática odontológica no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Vasconcellos Walison Arthuso , Silva Raphael Magalhães , Figueiredo Ana Cristina Roma , Silva Erika Talita , Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de , Barreiros Senna Maria Inês , Souza Leandro Napier de
Published: January 2025

A pandemia do novo coronavírus tornou-se um grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde em todo mundo e em particular para os profissionais da Odontologia. No começo de 2020 e nos meses que se seguiram grande eram as incertezas no que se refere às condutas técnicas para o atendimento odontológico. Nesse contexto, o Centro de Extensão e a Comissão de Biossegurança da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG, propuseram um projeto de extensão no formato de curso online de biossegurança, baseado na melhor evidência científica disponível. Metodologia: o projeto apresentava carga horária de 20 horas, ofertada no formato autoinstrucional no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) com interface de vídeos para o Youtube, no período de 12/2020 até 12/2022. A plataforma utilizada foi o Moodle da UFMG. A definição dos conteúdos foi precedida de enquetes junto à comunidade interna da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG e profissionais da comunidade externa, por meio das redes sociais. Resultado:  Participaram do curso 1391 indivíduos, sendo 904 discentes de graduação, 222 discentes de pós-graduação, 125 docentes, 83 técnicos administrativos em educação e 55 outros indivíduos. Verificou-se que a maioria dos participantes consideram que o curso contribuiu de forma significativa no processo de aprendizagem. Conclusão: A atividade de extensão proporcionou conhecimento específico, dando condições de atendimento com segurança para toda a comunidade.
Diagnóstico hídrico participativo na bacia do rio Mangabeiras, Barão do Guaicuí (MG)
Authors: Cordeiro Maria Tereza de Godoy , Costa Adivane Terezinha , Costa Gramigna Bruna , Nascimento Costa de Souza Pedro
Published: January 2025

O crescimento populacional e as atividades humanas têm intensificado a escassez hídrica, tornando urgente o monitoramento e o controle da qualidade da água, além de garantir seu acesso universal. A água e o saneamento são abordados pela ODS 6 da ONU, com meta de ser alcançado até 2030. Nas zonas rurais, como o distrito de Barão do Guaicuí (MG), dificuldades relacionadas à qualidade da água e saneamento são agravadas pela falta de atenção pública e acesso a tecnologias adequadas. Este estudo propôs aplicação de metodologias do protocolo de avaliação rápida de rios e córregos (PAR) e do diagnóstico socioambiental participativo, visando entender as condições locais e como a falta de tratamento das águas afeta a comunidade e turistas. Os resultados da aplicação do PAR mostram boa conservação dos recursos hídricos, mas ações humanas como o descarte de esgoto e atividades mineradoras representam ameaças. Com as respostas do questionário, a população local mostra-se majoritariamente feminina e com mais de 50 anos. Demostram boa percepção sobre uso e qualidade da água, e a maioria utiliza fossas sépticas ou sistemas de evapotranspiração. O estudo conclui que, com cooperação da comunidade, e continuidade de projetos já existentes, é possível manter a conservação e preservação ambiental, destacando a importância da consciência coletiva sobre uso sustentável da água.
Os Instrumentos Jurídicos na Proteção de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) em ambientes urbanos (Consolidados)
Authors: Faria Ribeiro Gustavo Luiz , Martins Rebello dos Santos Viviane , Dos Santos Alves Kerley , Leão Andrade Ângela
Published: January 2025

Este estudo analisa os instrumentos jurídicos relacionados à proteção de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) em áreas urbanas no Brasil. Com foco nas alterações legislativas que atribuíram aos municípios a prerrogativa de determinar as faixas de proteção, discute-se como essas mudanças podem impactar o equilíbrio entre a autonomia municipal e a proteção ambiental. A metodologia se baseia em revisão normativa e doutrinária, considerando legislações federais e municipais, revisões e estudos empíricos recentes. Os resultados indicam que, embora a descentralização possa facilitar o planejamento urbano, ela apresenta riscos de retrocesso ambiental. Conclui-se que a eficácia dessas mudanças exige estudos aprofundados, considerando limitações como a capacidade de fiscalização dos municípios e a necessidade de salvaguardar o princípio da vedação ao retrocesso ambiental.
Imparting Student Centered Pedagogy Through Constructivist Development Theory In Art Education
Authors: - Dr. Satyamangal Rege
Published: January 2025

Genuine learning occurs when individuals are able to transform existing knowledge into higher-order modes of thinking that resolve the conflict and contradictions engendered by the experience of novel events. The constructivist approach has important implications for teaching and learning. If individuals construct their understanding of the world through action, then there is no way to simply teach or give students knowledge. Student or learner-centered education has its origins in constructivist developmental theory and in the progressive education movement in the early part of the 20th century. Constructivism refers to the idea that individuals construct their understanding of the world as a product of their actions on the world. Modular art teaching perhaps shall give a teacher the opportunity to share all possible subjects touching creativity, imagination and appreciating art experience and plan his lessons according to the class potential and need of the students and to make him a life-long leaner.
RADON CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF RADIATION DOSE AND ASSESSMENT OF CANCER RISK IN THE PREMISES OF SOME COLLEGES IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Iqbal M. A. , Tufail M. , Mahmood A.
Published: January 2025

Radon concentration has been measured in campus and hostel buildings of some colleges in the city of Lahore. The technique of passive radon measurements was employed using CNâˆ’85 etched track detectors in the box type dosimeters. The observed radon concentration in different parts of monitored buildings was within the range 18âˆ’61 Bq mâˆ’3 . The cause of radon in college buildings may be the construction materials, drinking water, natural gas, drainage, sewerage pipes, etc. Moving fans, open doors and windows in summer season diluted the radon concentration, while the air tight arrangement in the winter enhanced the radon concentration level. Alpha dose from radon to the students and supporting staff was estimated as 0.34 and 0.91 mSv yâˆ’1 in campus and hostel buildings respectively. The corresponding excess lifetime cancer risk attributed to the students and staff in the college campuses was found to be 0.20 %, while the staff and students residing in the hostels of the colleges received the excess lifetime risk of cancer 0.53 % due to radon progenies.
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF TRICKLE IRRIGATION EMITTERS UNDER FIELD CONDITION
Authors: Nazeer M.
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of trickle irrigation system depends on the uniform distribution of water through mechanical device, the emitter. The aim of this research study was to compare and evaluate the hydraulic performance of pressurecompensating and non pressure-compensating emitters under field condition. Both types of emitters were subjected to different operating pressures (50,100,150,200 and 250KPa) of the water source. Three hydraulic performance parameters including manufacturerâ€™s coefficient of variation, hydraulic designâ€™s coefficient of variation and total coefficient of variation were tested for pressure-compensating and non pressure-compensating emitters. Manufacturerâ€™s coefficient of variation (CVM) values was compared with test results for both types of emitters. Hydraulic designâ€™s and total coefficients of variations were also determined at field level. The results showed that pressurecompensating emitters has less dependency on operating pressure as compared to non pressure-compensating ones which was further clarified trough statistical analysis by their linearity at 95% confidence and prediction intervals
MONTE CARLO STUDY OF Ar+ INDUCED KINETIC ELECTRON EMISSION FROM MgO THIN FILM
Authors: Ullah Shakir , Dogar A. H. , Qayyum A.
Published: January 2025

A Monte Carlo program has been developed to investigate the electron emission from 5000 Ã… thick MgO film for impact of Ar + ions having energies in the range of 50 to 1000 eV. The program incorporates the excitation of target electrons by projectile ions, recoiling target atoms and fast primary electrons. It can be used to calculate the kinetic electron yield, distribution of the electron excitation points in the solid and other physical parameters of the emitted electrons. The calculated electron emission yield is compared with the available experimental data, considering the effect of potential emission a good agreement is found. In addition, the effect of projectile energy and incident angle on the longitudinal distribution of the excitation points of electrons emitted from MgO thin film is investigated. PACS: 79.20.Rf; 79.20.Rf
THERMAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIVATION ENERGY OF THE [Zr0.645Ni0.155Al0.115Cu0.085]98Si2 AMORPHOUS ALLOY
Authors: Iqbal M. , Akhter J. I. , Hu Z. Q.
Published: January 2025

Zr-based amorphous alloys are novel materials having wide range of applications. Melt spun amorphous ribbon with composition (Zr0.645Ni0.155Al0.115Cu0.085)98Si2 of 50 Âµm thickness was synthesized to investigate the thermal properties and activation energy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate these properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed for phase analysis and microstructural study. Thermal parameters were derived from DSC measurements. Phases like NiZr2, CuZr2 and SiZr2 were identified in the samples annealed at various temperatures. It was found that Si addition had positive effect on most of the thermal parameters.
GAMMACAL â€“ A USEFUL COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS AND RADIOACTIVITY CALCULATIONS
Authors: Wasim M.
Published: January 2025

GAMMACAL is a computer program with graphical user interface for the calculation of radionuclide activity of gamma emitting radionuclides and elemental concentration using neutron activation analysis data. The software has been tested and is in use for the last ten years. It provides not only concentrations but also quality control data. The program is available for free of cost on writing request to the author.
A JPEG 2000 BASED HYBRID IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE FOR MEDICAL IMAGES
Authors: Hussain S. K. , Raja G.
Published: January 2025

Use of lossy compression for medical images could result in compression error that may be considered as diagnostic problem by medical doctor. Hybrid schemes, a combination of lossy and lossless compression are used to achieve higher compression ratio without compromising the subjective quality of medical images. This paper proposes a new hybrid compression method for medical images. Different combinations of lossy and lossless compression schemes: RLE, LZW, JPEG LS, JPEG and JPEG2000 are implemented to find out the best hybrid compression combination by keeping subjective quality of medical image as a benchmark. X-ray images are used for experimentation. Experimental results show that hybrid combination of JPEG2000 lossless and lossy JPEG2000 produce optimized results without compromising subject quality of medical images required for diagnostics. The proposed hybrid combination has average compression ratio, space saving, MSE and PSNR of 0.21, 78.97, 1.16 and 47.58 respectively for all the medical images used in experimentation. The proposed hybrid scheme can be used for medical image compression.
THE PROSPECTS OF SENSIBLE SOURCES AS HIGH POWER FUEL AND HIGH FIBER PROTEIN
Authors: Arshad M. , Masud K.
Published: January 2025

The sensible sources (namely; corn, wheat, barley, oat and rye) and molasses (procured from the local market of Rawalpindi), following enzymatic hydrolysis were subjected to fermentation to produce high fiber protein (HFP) and liquid protein as a by-product. The former can be used for human consumption and the later was considered fit for animal feed. Carbon dioxide gas produced during fermentation can be used as gas in beverages or converted into dry ice. Malt husk (spent grain) left behind as a result of waste has utilization for poultry and dairy farm. Ethanol produced was converted into high power alcohol and a comparison of its characteristics with those of natural fuels was made. The high power alcohol was transformed into high power fuel (gellified material) by the interaction with potassium salts of the isopropylidene derivatives of carbohydrates. The potassium salt of the isopropylidene derivative of carbohydrate was prepared in two stages: first, derivative of carbohydrates was synthesized by the interaction of carbohydrates with acetone; the derivative so produced was further treated with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of potassium carbonate, to produce potassium salt of the derivative of carbohydrates. The fermentation mash may be consumed as a non-alcoholic drink after addition of flavor.
PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS IN SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.
Authors: Shokat S. , Azhar F. M. , Zia M. B.
Published: January 2025

Genetic correlation coefficients were partitioned using path coefficient analysis to examine direct and indirect effects of plant characters on total soluble solids (TSS) in Solanum lycoprsicum (L.). Analysis of variance for number of days to 50% flowering (NDFL), number of days to 50% fruit setting (NDFR), number of flowers per cluster (NFLC), number of fruits per cluster (NFRC), fruit length (FRL), fruit width (FRW), fruit firmness at pink stage (FFP), fruit firmness at red stage (FFR), pericarp thickness (PT), pH of the juice (pH) and TSS revealed significant genotypic differences for all the characters. Results showed that genotypic correlation of NFRC and NDFL with TSS was positive and significant. Path coefficient analysis showed that NFRC had contributed directly to TSS followed by FRL, FFR and FRW and may be given due consideration.
MASS ANALYSIS OF CESIUM ION INDUCED FRAGMENTATION OF C60
Authors: Zeeshan S. , Yamin S. , Javeed S. , Yaqub K. , Ashraf A. , Janjua S. A. , Awais A.
Published: January 2025

Results of Cs ion induced C60 fragmentation in source of negative ions by cesium sputtering (SNICS) from 5 MeV Tandem accelerator are presented. The mass analysis was performed from bending magnet. Mass spectra of C60 fragments are compared with that of graphite under similar conditions. Yield of carbon clusters for both cases is plotted for Cs ion energy range of 2-5 keV. It is observed that heavier clusters appear in the case of C60. Intensity of C2 is much higher in comparison with other clusters for both C60 and graphite due to difference in their bond energies. Prominence of C2 yield confirms formation mechanism of C60 by addition of C2 route.
INDUCTION OF MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANTS IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK) THROUGH CHEMICAL MUTAGENS
Authors: Khan S. , Kozgar M. I. , Goyal S. , Wani M. R.
Published: January 2025

A wide range of morphological mutants were identified in two varieties of mungbean. These mutants involved traits effecting plant height, growth habit, seed and pod. The frequency of morphological mutants differed in different mutagenic treatments and also between the varieties. The highest mutation frequency was noticed in the EMS treated population whereas the lowest frequency was observed SA treatments, HZ treatments being the intermediate. Variety NM-1 gave the broader spectrum and frequency of morphological mutations than the var. PDM-11. Of all the mutant types, maximum occurrence of mutation was observed for plant height.
INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT OF BT COTTON THROUGH THE MANIPULATION OF DIFFERENT ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ahmad N. , Khan M. H. , Tofique M. , Rauf I.
Published: January 2025

This study was designed to manage insect pests of Bt cotton through the manipulation of different eco-friendly techniques. A perusal of data, based on the overall performance of different treatments reflected that lowest population of jassids (0.29) was observed in bio-control treated Bt cotton followed by bio-control treated conventional cotton (0.41). Mean per leaf population of thrips was found lowest in insecticide treated Bt cotton (0.97) which was statically at par with bi-control treated conventional cotton (0.95), biocontrol treated Bt cotton (1.09) and colour traps treated Bt cotton (1.50). In case of whiteflies, bio-control treated Bt cotton and bio-control treated conventional cotton again proved effective in maintaining the population at lower levels per leaf (0.33 and 0.35 respectively). No bollworms infestation was recorded in transgenic cotton whereas higher attack of the same was observed in the untreated conventional cotton block. The best results were achieved with the application of bio-control agents in combination with Bt cotton resulting in least infestation by insect pests and maximum seed yield of 3657 kg/ha. The population of Chrysoperla carnea was significantly higher in Bt and conventional cotton treated with bio-control agents as compared to the other treatments. The parasitism percentage of Trichogramma chilonis was observed significantly higher in bio-control treated conventional cotton. The studies manifested that combination of bio-control technology with Bt cotton effectively preserves the local beneficial insect fauna indicating its potential to be used as integrated management system against different insect pests of cotton.
CONSERVATION OF BIO-CONTROL AGENTS IN COTTON, GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. FIELD BY FOOD SUPPLEMENTS FOR INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ahmad N. , Sarwar M. , Muhammad R. , Tofique M. , Wagan M. S.
Published: January 2025

The study reports the use of artificial food sprays to conserve the parasitoids and predators for the management of insect pests in cotton field. Cotton crop was treated with bio-control agents, Chrysoperla carnea and Trichogramma chilonis alongwith different food attractants such as protein hydrolysate and sugar alone and in combination in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was applied on one-acre field with three replications. Results showed that the chemicals tested helped in increasing the populations of beneficial insects including; C. carnea, T. chilonis and Orius spp., in the field. The populations of C. carnea and T. chilonis were found the highest in the combined treatment of protein hydrolysate and sugar as compared to other treatments where protein hydrolysate and sugar were used separately. However, the population of Orius spp. was higher in the treatment where only sugar solution was sprayed as food supplement. Consequently, incorporation of food supplements in the trial increased the establishment of natural enemies and subsequently the predation/ parasitism percentage enhanced on the insect pests of cotton.
TRANSPORT, MAGNETIC AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF (Fe100-XVX)75 P15C10 SEMIAMORPHOUS RIBBONS
Authors: S. Karal M. A. , Kamruzzaman M. , M. Hossain M. G. , Khan F. A. , I. Jaim H. M.
Published: January 2025

(Fe100-xVx)75P15C10 [x=1.5, 3, 9 and 15] semi-amorphous alloys (partially crystalline) in the form of ribbon were prepared by the standard melt spinning technique and studied their transport, magnetic and thermal properties. The nature of the as prepared samples was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The resistivity of the samples was investigated from temperature 93K to 800 K. The resistivity followed â€˜Mooij Correlationâ€™ at low temperature (93 K-300 K). The resistivity at higher temperature (300 K-800 K) remained constant upto a certain temperature and then decreased with temperature rise. The Hall resistivity and the magnetoresistance (MR) were measured in an applied magnetic field upto 0.6 T at room temperature (RT=300 K). Anomalous Hall effect was observed in the Hall resistivity measurement and MR was found to vary 0-8%. The saturation magnetization gradually decreases with the increase of the substitution of Fe by V at RT. Both the impedance magnitude and phase angle remained constant upto 106 Hz and then remarkably increased with frequency. The thermal properties associated with crystallization temperature and weight changes were measured by using the differential thermal analyzer (DTA) and the thermo gravimetric (TG) techniques respectively.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY USING PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN THE VICINITY OF LEI NALA, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Munir S. , Mashiatullah A. , Mahmood S. , Zafar M. , Javed T. , Khan M. S.
Published: January 2025

Quality of groundwater samples in vicinity of Lei Nala in Islamabad was assessed using physio-chemical and geochemical parameters. Lei Nala was sampled at four different locations, ten shallow groundwater samples (upto 200 feet) and twelve deep groundwater samples (>200 feet) were collected for analysis. Absence of carbonate ions (CO3 -2) in all groundwater samples indicates presence of limestone dissolution giving rise to bicarbonate and ultimately Ca-Mg type waters. Piper diagram reveals dominance with 53.86 % of Ca-Mg-type of water in the studied area. For anion concentration, HCO3-type of water predominated with 96.15 % samples. There is no significant change in the hydrochemical facies in the study area, indicating that most of the major ions are natural in origin which is due to the fact that groundwater is passing through sedimentary rocks and dissolves Margalla Hill Limestone thus dominating HCO3 and Ca-Mg facies.
AN ALTERNATE METHOD TO DETERMINE DENSITY OF SOLIDS ACCORDING TO ARCHIMEDESâ€™ PRINCIPLE
Authors: Waseem Shabana
Published: January 2025

To measure density of a solid object, according to Archimedesâ€™ principle, hanging pan balance or toploading balance with density measurement kit are used. In the conventional method, weight of water displaced is calculated in terms of weight of the object hanged in water. We report a new and easier method to determine the density of a solid object based on same principle by using a toploading balance, but without any density measurement kit. In the new approach, weight of water displaced is measured directly on the balance. The proposed method is simpler, quicker and accurate.
THE IMPACT OF INDIAN OCEAN HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM ON RAINFALL AND STREAM FLOW
Authors: Rehman S. U. , Nasir H. , Zia S. S. , Ansari W. A. , Saleem K. , Tayyab N.
Published: January 2025

Centre of Action approach is very useful in getting insight of rainfall and stream flow variability of specific region. Hameed et al. [17] showed that Inter-annual variability of Gulf Stream north wall is influenced by low Icelandic pressure system and has more statistically significant correlation than North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) with longitude of Icelandic low. This study also aims to explore possible relationships between rainfall and stream flow in Collie river catchment in Southwest Western Australia (SWWA) with Indian Ocean high pressure dynamics. The relationship between rainfall and stream flow with Indian Ocean high pressure system have been investigated using correlation analysis for early winter season (MJJA), lag correlation for MJJA versus SOND rainfall and stream flow are also calculated and found significant at 95% confidence level. By investigating the relationship between COA indices with rainfall and stream flow over the period 1976-2008, significant correlations suggests that rainfall and stream flow in Collie river basin is strongly influenced by COA indices. Multiple correlations between rainfall and stream flow with Indian Ocean high pressure (IOHPS and IOHLN) is 0.7 and 0.6 respectively. Centers of Action (COA) indices explain 51% and 36% of rainfall and stream flow respectively. The correlation between rainfall and stream flow with IOHPS is -0.4 and -0.3 whereas, with IOHLN is -0.47 and -0.52 respectively.
POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION TREND ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Nazeer M.
Published: January 2025

Estimation of potential evapotranspiration (ETo) plays a significant role in the study of water resources management. The study was conducted to investigate the change in potential evapotranspiration value during the past three decade in three diverse climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Three Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (Chitral, Peshawar and D. I. Khan) were selected based on their climatic diversity. Thirty years climatic data (1981- 2010) obtained from Pakistan Metrological Department, Islamabad and Agriculture Research Institute, Peshawar was used. Potential evapotranspiration was determined for three decades separately, as well as on mean monthly basis. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) technique was used for trend analysis. Results revealed highest ETo in D.I Khan followed by Peshawar and Chitral. However, in the summer months ETo value was found highest in Chitral as compared to other selected Districts. Trend analysis results showed that decrease in ETo trend was observed in all the selected Districts with the passage of time. It can be concluded that ETo values decreased as compared to past in all the selected Districts without any discrimination of physical geography and location.
A HYBRID PI CONTROL SCHEME FOR AIRSHIP HOVERING
Authors: Ashraf Z. , Choudhry M. A. , Hanif A.
Published: January 2025

Airship provides us many attractive applications in aerospace industry including transportation of heavy payloads, tourism, emergency management, communication, hover and vision based applications. Hovering control of airship has many utilizations in different engineering fields. However, it is a difficult problem to sustain the hover condition maintaining controllability. So far, different solutions have been proposed in literature but most of them are difficult in analysis and implementation. In this paper, we have presented a simple and efficient scheme to design a multi input multi output hybrid PI control scheme for airship. It can maintain stability of the plant by rejecting disturbance inputs to ensure robustness. A control scheme based on feedback theory is proposed that uses principles of optimality with integral action for hovering applications. Simulations are carried out in MTALAB for examining the proposed control scheme for hovering in different wind conditions. Comparison of the technique with an existing scheme is performed, describing the effectiveness of control scheme.
INVESTIGATION OF IMPURITIES PRESENT IN RECYCLING AND REUSING OF SCRAP LEAD FOR ACCUMULATOR INDUSTRY
Authors: Farooq A. , Irfan N. , Chaudhry M. M. , Riaz M. , Nawab S.
Published: January 2025

Recycling and reusing are the basic strategies of reducing solid waste generated from industries. Millions of batteries containing toxic metals and poisonous wastes are discarded every year in Pakistan. Battery waste deposited in landfills increases the concentration of toxic metals in leachates obtained from landfill base. For this reason, recycling of locally available scrap lead has been focused. During reduction and refining stages, samples were obtained at various stages from a five ton lead smelting pot of an accumulator industry. Various impurities present were determined and removed in order to reuse in accumulators. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques were used to analyze the samples obtained at various stages of recycling. This work has been carried out to reduce these impurities and the refining process has thus been optimized. The lead thus obtained is 99.98 % pure.
POTENTIAL OF PLANT MATERIALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COWPEA BRUCHID CALLOSOBRUCHUS ANALIS (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) IN GRAM CICER ARIETINUM DURING STORAGE
Authors: Sarwar M. , Ahmad N. , Bux M. , Tofique M.
Published: January 2025

Present research was carried out to identify alternatives to synthetic insecticides to control cowpea weevil Callosobruchus analis (F.) population in gram seed (Cicer arietinum L.), during storage. The efficacies of three plant materials such as Nicotiana tabacum, Citrullus colocythis and Aloe vera were assessed to determine their insecticidal activities against survival of bruchid C. analis on seeds of gram varieties viz., CM-98 and Jubiha-1. These plant materials tested reduced weevil infestation and emergence as compared with untreated control seeds. Seeds treatment with A. vera followed by N. tabacum reduced maximum pest damage over C. colocythis, which proved least effective to control C. analis population. Consequently, the tested plant materials should be given due consideration for effective gram protection as a component of integrated pest management approach in storage.