bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Killer Cell-targeted Immunotherapy for Cancer
Authors: Tang Jingyi , Zhu Qi , Li Zhaoyang , Yang Jiahui , Lai Yu
Published: January 2022

Natural Killer (NK) cells were initially described in the early 1970s as major histocompatibility complex unrestricted killers due to their ability to spontaneously kill certain tumor cells. In the past decade, the field of NK cell-based treatment has been accelerating exponentially, holding a dominant position in cancer immunotherapy innovation. Generally, research on NK cell-mediated antitumor therapies can be categorized into three areas: choosing the optimal source of allogeneic NK cells to yield massively amplified “off-the-shelf” products, improving NK cell cytotoxicity and longevity, and engineering NK cells with the ability of tumor-specific recognition. In this review, we focused on NK cell manufacturing techniques, some auxiliary methods to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of NK cells, chimeric antigen receptor NK cells, and monoclonal antibodies targeting inhibitory receptors, which can significantly augment the antitumor activity of NK cells. Notably, emerging evidence suggests that NK cells are a promising constituent of multipronged therapeutic strategies, strengthening immune responses to cancer.
Gli1+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone and Teeth
Authors: Wu Yange , Zhou Xueman , Yuan Wenxiu , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Wenke , Zhu Yufan , Ye Chengxinyue , Xiong Xin , Zhang Qinlanhui , Liu Jin , Wang Jun
Published: January 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are remarkable and noteworthy. Identification of markers
for MSCs enables the study of their niche in vivo. It has been identified that glioma-associated
oncogene 1 positive (Gli1+) cells are mesenchymal stem cells supporting homeostasis and injury repair,
especially in the skeletal system and teeth. This review outlines the role of Gli1+ cells as an
MSC subpopulation in both bones and teeth, suggesting the prospects of Gli1+ cells in stem cell-
based tissue engineering.
Structural Activity Relationship based Medicinal Perspectives of Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Das Subham , Akbar Saleem , Ahmed Bahar , Dewangan Rikeshwar Prasad , Iqubal Ashif , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Joseph Alex
Published: January 2022

Pyrimidine is an aromatic and heterocyclic organic compound containing a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon and two nitrogen atoms on alternative positions. Pyrimidine scaffolds described theirexistence inthe medicinal chemist’s cause for their synthesizing practicability and nonpoisonous nature. However, the reason behind neurological disorders is still an open challenge for scientific research and development organizations. Efficacy voids are widespread before researchers, despite high throughput research in the field of anti-Alzheimer's drugs.Researchers have constantly investigated all the probabilities for restraining the unwanted adverse effects of the anti-Alzheimer’s agents and are focusing more extensively to rehabilitate neurological disorders. The scientific literature on drug development has been an aspiration to medicinal chemists and other researchers to facilitate further research. Therefore, this review emphasizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) based approach and the pharmacological advancements of pyrimidine moiety in the new era of therapeutics as anti-Alzheimer’s agents.
Recent Patents for Collection Device of Fruit Harvesting Machine
Authors: Bao Yudong , Yuan Naifeng , Zhao Yanling , Wu Linkai
Published: January 2022

Background:

Fruit harvesting operation is an important part of the whole process of fruit
production. As a key component of the harvesting machine, the performance of the collection device
directly affects the harvesting efficiency and the quality of the collected fruits. Obtaining betterperforming
collection devices and more efficient collection methods is the direction of research development
in this field.

Objective:

By analyzing and discussing the patents of mechanically assisted harvesting machines,
mechanized harvesting machines and harvesting robots collection devices, we have summarized
their development trends and provided references for the development of harvesting collection devices.

Methods:

An overview has been provided of the various patents currently available relating to mechanically
assisted harvesters, mechanized harvesters and harvesting robotic collection devices. The
advantages and disadvantages of collection methods and devices are presented. The results of the
study have also been combined with patent analysis.

Results:

Through the summary of a large number of harvesting machine collection device patents,
their characteristics are analyzed. Further trends in the development of harvesting machine collection
devices are also discussed.

Conclusion:

The in-depth research on various types of harvesting machine collection devices is
helpful to solve the problems of safety hazards, low harvesting efficiency, large fruit injury, unreasonable
size of collection devices and unreasonable matching of human-machine relationship.
Application of Surface Microtexture Technology
Authors: Pan Chengyi , Chang Jiahao , Gu Yanguang , Wang Chuan
Published: January 2022

Background:

Surface condition of mechanical parts has a significant impact on the machine
performance. The use of surface microtexture technology based on bionics is an effective
method to improve the comprehensive performance of the surface of machine parts. Surfaces with
microscopic pits, convex-hulls, microgrooves, and scale textures can reduce wear, improve friction,
enhance lubrication, decrease drag, and minimize noise. Surface microtexture technology has been
widely used in many types of machinery, embodying various properties in working conditions.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of recent patents and related research
on surface microtexture technology, and to serve as a guide for future applications.

Methods:

The paper describes the development of surface microtexture technology, reviews the representative
patents on surface microtextures and their applications in industrial field, including cutting
tools, bearings, gears, blades, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of various surface microtextures
are discussed.

Results:

In this study, the influence of surface microtexture on friction, wear, lubrication, sealing,
noise reduction, and hydrophobicity is examined through the analyses of various microtexture
produts. The main problems in future development of surface microtexture technology are summarized.

Conclusion:

Machine elements with different types of microtexture perform different functions.
The geometrical parameters of the microtexture contribute greatly to the surface properties of the
machine elements. Therefore, the surface performance of machine elements can be improved by
designing and optimizing the geometric parameters of the microtexture. In the future, more patents
focused on surface microtexture will be reported.
Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Mechanism of PVP for Mild Steel in 1.0 M H2SO4: Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Kumar Harish , Raj Hans , Sharma Sahil , Kumari Rajni
Published: January 2022

Aim:

Corrosion of mild steel pipe line when exposed to dilute sulphuric acid is a very serious problem for people in the industry and they are in constant search of highly efficient corrosion inhibitors for acidic medium. For designing new corrosion inhibitors, a through knowledge of corrosion and adsorption mechanism is required.

Background:

Pitting, cracking and uniform types of corrosion are very common forms of corrosion in dilute sulphuric acid medium. A highly efficient acid corrosion inhibitor is required to minimize all these three forms of corrosion.

Objective:

The objective was to provide a solution for pitting, cracking, and uniform types of corrosion and to study corrosion and inhibition mechanisms so that highly efficient corrosion inhibitors can be designed.

Methods:

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was explored as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M H2SO4 by experimental and theoretical techniques. Experimental techniques used were impedance, weight loss, metallurgical microscopy, and polarization. Theoretical techniques used were DFT, MD simulation, Frontier molecular orbital, Langmuir, and Frumkin adsorption. Theoretical parameters like interaction energy, adsorption energy, Fukui function, chemical potential, electron density distribution, HOMO/LUMO eigenvalue, etc., help in understanding the mechanism of adsorption of PVP on the Fe (110) surface.

Results:

Experimental results were supported by theoretical studies. A linear relation was observed between PVP concentration and inhibition efficiency. A maximum of 85.92% inhibition efficiency was observed with a regression coefficient of 0.998. The pore length, the number of pits, and cracks intensity decrease with the concentration of PVP. The waste dilute H2SO4 after the weight loss study was investigated for its biocompatibility and was found to be within the acceptable limit.

Conclusion:

PVP was proved to be a highly efficient acid corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M H2SO4 medium.
(+)-Nootkatone: Progresses in Synthesis, Structural Modifications, Pharmacology
and Ecology Uses
Authors: Wang Yu-Bin , Li Jian-Long , Xu Fang-Fang , Han Xiao-Dong , Wu Yun-Shan , Liu Bo
Published: January 2022

(+)-Nootkatone is a type of eremophilane naturally derived sesquiterpenoids with a grapefruit smell from plants, which is widely used in food and cosmetics industries. Many investigations elucidated (+)-nootkatone presents extensive pharmacological activity, such as anti-proliferation in cancer cells, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant nitration stress, etc. In addition, (+)-nootkatone has been registered by the Environmental Protection Agency as a new active ingredient for use in insecticides and insect repellents against ticks, mosquitoes, and a wide variety of other biting pests. On account of the increasingly stringent environmental supervision and market demand for “natural” (+)-nootkatone, the explorations for producing this high-value chemical by green chemosynthesis and biosynthesis technology are in progress. Structural derivatization is becoming one of the most important ways to exploit pharmaceutical and ecological applications. This review covered the progress of the above research and application advances comprehensively to encourage interested scientists to implement further studies.
A Review on Polymeric Invasive and Non-Invasive Nanocarriers Assisted Transdermal Drug Delivery for Improved Penetration and Bioavailability
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Verma Navneet , Chaturvedi Shashank , Prasad Neelkant , Rastogi Vaibhav
Published: January 2022

Background:

Despite the vast utility of polymeric nanocarriers in drug delivery, their promising role in formulating efficient transdermal drug delivery systems for managing various dis-eases has not been explored properly.

Main text:

Polymeric nanocarriers have increased the interest of researchers with respect to im-proving intradermal and transdermal delivery of drugs having ominous penetration and solubility issues. Therefore, a range of invasive and noninvasive approaches have been extensively explored in transdermal delivery systems for the safe and effective transportation of drugs across the skin into the systemic circulation. Accordingly, this review emphasizes the recently used, effectively appli-cable invasive and noninvasive methodologies for formulating transdermal systems in the form of polymeric films/patches, microneedles, and nanocarriers for better penetration and bioavailability.

Conclusion:

Various novel methodologies for transdermal drug delivery systems offer countless benefits over conventional methods, but still, a safe and effective delivery system is the major chal-lenge in terms of reproducible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results.
Retóricas em torno da Relíquia de Vera Cruz de Marmelar do poder devocionl à apropriação sociopolítica
Authors: Costa Paula Pinto
Published: January 2022

Some remarkable rhetorical statements were developed around the relic of the True Cross (Vera Cruz), deposited in the church of Marmelar, based on the goal of creating a memory of some miracles that took place in medieval times. From its projection, this commendary of the Hospitallers reflects some concepts from the Latin East and the crusade environment, backgrounds in which the Holy Cross was considered the most powerful symbol of the Christendom. The cult of this relic and its historical promotion was ranging between the evocation of its devotional power and its sociopolitical appropriation.
O morrer e o germinar: óbitos numa vila em formação no sertão da Bahia, 1891-1913
Authors: Vasconcelos Fernando Donato
Published: January 2022

The article explores the civil and parish death records and analyses the circumstances of the formation of the district of Beija-Flor, which came to be called Bela Flor in 1895, which gave rise to the vila de Guanambi, in the backland of Bahia. In addition to the causes of death, it investigates aspects related to socioeconomic status, lack of medical care, illiteracy, local politics, gender, and ethnicity. It checks the extent of the district, identifying 71 places of death. The high occurrence of maternal deaths, neonatal tetanus, tuberculosis, and infections in general, including epidemic outbreaks in 1892 and 1896, as well as the high number of deaths of people under 50, reflect the precarious health conditions experienced between 1891 and 1913.
A pandemia de influenza de 1889-1890 na região do Minho: o caso de Guimarães
Authors: Ferreira Antero , Oliveira Célia , Silva Fátima , Ferreira Tânia
Published: January 2022

Between 1889-1890, an influenza pandemic ravaged the world, 30 years before the «Spanish flu». Despite its importance, it has not been the object of much attention, due to the difficulty of access to statistical sources that would allow its study. In this article we intend to analyse the impact of the influenza pandemic, known as the «Russian flu», in the municipality of Guimarães, with special emphasis on the pace of the pandemic and on the levels of mortality and morbidity. It was found that the lack of knowledge about the aetiology of influenza explains the ineffectiveness of the authorities, but, despite this, it is noted that the impact on mortality of the 1889-1890 influenza was much less than that of the «Spanish flu»
As afro-reparações e o impacto da covid-19 na população afrodescendente nas Américas (EUA e Brasil): desigualdades de ontem nas desigualdades de hoje
Authors: Silva Marta Fernandes da
Published: January 2022

In this paper we reflect on the fundamental cause for the afro-reparations demands, emphasizing some evidences during the post-abolition period, framed in the 19th century liberal ideas, highlighting the non-integration of the majority of former slaves in the United States of America and Brazil. Through a comparative analysis we intend to make more visible a historical legacy for afro-descendants in those countries, selecting indicators of inequalities that currently affect these communities and are, to a large extent, connected with the post-abolition. Subsequently, we tried to understand how the very high mortality of that population by Covid-19, relating it to those indicators, is a projection of the post-slavery era, making those inequalities prominently visible and, thus, reinforcing the need for the debate of afro-reparations
La recuperación del patrimonio arqueológico del Sahara Occidental y la emergencia de las bases del conocimiento científico del pasado
Authors: Sáenz de Buruaga Andoni
Published: January 2022

The complex geopolitical context which encompasses the Western Sahara has a serious impact on the unsheltered and vulnerable situation of the archaeological heritage.Since 2005, we have implemented a cultural cooperation and research project in the territories which are managed by the authorities of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic: specifically in the Tiris region, in the SE zone of the territory.The contribution to scientific knowledge of Western Sahara’s past has proven to be highly satisfactory: (1) due to the significant number of registered archaeological sites and manifestations; (2) due to the substantial progress experienced in the territorial occupation processes in connection with the climate and environmental dynamics; and (3) based on the information provided by the excavation of the lithic monuments. Likewise, the experience has clearly highlighted the adversities and hazards which besiege the expressions from the past, and requires an urgent debate about their high risk situation.
Nematicidal Activity of Turmeric Extract against Nematodes Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Himawan Toto , Tarno Hagus Tarno
Published: January 2022

In an effort to reduce the impact of synthetic nematicides, a new formula was developed using plant-based nematicides that are more environmentally friendly, one of the basic ingredients that can be used is turmeric. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) with various different solvents namely aquades, methanol, and n-hexane at concentration of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively in inhibiting the activity of Meloidogyne spp. The experiment used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Each treatment was repeated 4 times with 4 controls so that there were 52 experimental units. The result of different research data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which was then further tested with Honest Significant Difference (HSD) at the 5% level if real, and t-test for in vivo test. Based on the tested extract, it was found that turmeric extract with various solvent (aquades, methanol, and n-hexane) was effective in inhibiting the activity of Meloidogyne spp. nematodes outside the roots (hatching eggs and penetration), turmeric extract didn’t affect the activity of Meloidogyne spp. in the roots (development and reproduction), vegetable nematicides which the most active in suppressing the population and inhibiting the activity of nematodes was turmeric extract using methanol as a solvent at a concentration of 20%.
LEGAL REVOLUTIONARIES AT YALE IN A TIME OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Authors: Garth Bryant G.
Published: January 2022

My comment on the fascinating personal accounts of experiences with the Yale Law and Modernization program will be in part personal. My own career and research interests are part of the ripple effect of that program and of the scholars who participated in it. After offering that personal account, I will try to look at the context for the Law and Modernization initiative in relation to the changing role of law and lawyers in the US and the way in which that role was exported as part of Cold War strategies. I will suggest that the battles around the Law and Modernization Program provide strong evidence of the crisis during an era of relative idealism (not inconsistent with US hegemonic designs abroad and social control policies at home) connected to modernization and what Trubek and Galanter termed liberal legalism.[1] What’s more, the program nurtured leaders in producing scholarship designed to update or replace liberal legalism, legal missionaries, and legal imperialism. Much of what we know as Law and Society, Critical Legal Studies, and other critical approaches came from these scholars and the events around Law and Modernization. I was a freshman undergraduate at Yale at the time of the beginnings of the Law and Modernization program in the Law School in 1968, although I had no sense of the program then. My undergraduate experience was all about the left, the critique of pluralism, European critical theory, and US critical histories. I told my historian advisor that I was thinking of law school (after he told me there were no positions in history), and he warned me about the conservatism, telling me among other things that law faculty tended to drive American cars. When there were demonstrations and strikes around the Bobby Seale trial in New Haven in 1970, followed by the demonstrations and strikes against the Cambodian invasion, I remember a forum where a law student said they could not strike because of the importance of their legal education for solving social problems. In retrospect, there was a sense among non-law students and activists, I think, that elite law was not very relevant to what was going on outside.[2] From the perspective of those within the law school, however, the accounts of the Law and Modernization cohort suggest that the students were nevertheless way in front of the general faculty.
TEORIA DO ESTADO: UMA PROPOSTA DE ABORDAGEM NO CONTEXTO DE GLOBALIZAÇÃO FINANCEIRA, CRISES E REFORMAS INSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Gaspardo Murilo
Published: January 2022

Neste ensaio debatemos qual é a contribuição da abordagem da Teoria do Estado para a compreensão do fenômeno estatal no contexto da globalização e de diferentes crises (sanitária, ambiental, econômica, política, social) que exigem reformas institucionais em relação às quais não há o mínimo consenso teórico, jurídico e político. Para tanto, nosso ponto de partida é a retomada das raízes da Teoria do Estado, de suas categorias e de seus pressupostos metodológicos fundamentais, considerando-se seus limites e os elementos que permanecem teoricamente operacionais. Em seguida, tratamos da ampliação do escopo da Teoria do Estado em face da condição em que se encontra o seu objeto no contexto da globalização financeira. Enfim, discutimos perspectivas metodológicas para a disciplina tendo como referência a ideia de “mapeamento institucional”.
Tele-robotic recommendation framework using multi-dimensional medical datasets on COVID-19 classification
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, et al. Al-Shammari
Published: January 2022

The development of robotic partners to take care of daily human life has been expanded recently. Mobile robots have spread their presence within the public environment to assist people in a variety of problematic activities. Mobile Robots are developed with the underlying artificial intelligence technology. Adequate training is provided to the mobile robots under the classifications of supervised learning. The interaction of robots is very important to practice everything that is told to the robotic systems from domestic robots to high-risk work environments that threaten the health of the spinal cord, which focuses on robotic support during the COVID-19 epidemic. In the present research work, a mobile agent is trained using Computerized Tomography (CT) scan reports and X-rays under VGG-16 processing standards for classifying covid and non-covid patients. A hybrid model is designed using Deep Learning Network (DNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN is trained using images collected using a camera and thermal camera with RGB values ranging from 0 to 255. The advantage of the proposed model in training the mobile agent is making use of CT scan and X-ray images and providing recommendations to the victim about the criticality of being affected by covid. In addition to that, the Machine Learning Algorithm like Decision Tree and Random Forest is constructed and achieved a classification accuracy of 95%. The proposed technique has efficiently provided a reliable recommendation system based on ReLu activation. The other evaluation parameters used to estimate the performance of the proposed model are precision, recall, F1-score. The proposed model achieves 0.84 Precision over the inception technique with 0.79 precision. The reason behind the improvement of accuracy in the present work is the filter used to extract the features.
Relationship between delay and productivity in construction projects
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine, Mahamid Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

This study is conducted to recognize the major delay factors, the major construction productivity factors, and to establish the relationship between productivity and delay in construction projects in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire survey is performed to achieve study objectives. Fourteen-time overrun factors and 13 construction productivity factors are listed in a questionnaire form. Fifty contractors consultants are asked to rank the identified factors according to their importance. The study also addresses the relationship between labor productivity and time overrun based on data collected from 34 building projects implemented in Saudi Arabia. Results conclude that the top factors affecting delay in construction projects are: poor labor productivity, poor coordination between construction parties, lack of adequate manpower, bid award for lowest price, and mistakes in design. It also indicates that the major labor productivity factors are: payments delay, lack of labor experience, frequent change orders, rework, and financial conditions of the contractor are ranked overall as the top 13 factors affecting labor productivity on construction sites. Regression analysis for data collected from 34 building projects indicates a strong correlation between the delay and labor productivity. It is hoped that the results of this study will be helpful for construction parties and researchers in Palestine and other developed and developing countries.
Rayleigh-Benard convection in a binary fluid-saturated anisotropic porous layer with variable viscosity effect
Authors:   Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia, et al. Abidin
Published: January 2022

Rayleigh-Benard convection due to buoyancy that occurred in a horizontal binary fluid layer saturated anisotropic porous media is investigated numerically. The system is heated from below and cooled from above. The temperature-dependent viscosity effect was applied to the double-diffusive binary fluid and the critical Rayleigh number for free-free, rigid-free, and rigid-rigid representing the lower-upper boundary were obtained by using the single-term Galerkin expansion procedure. Both boundaries are conducted to temperature. The effect of temperature-dependent viscosity, mechanical anisotropy, thermal anisotropy, Soret, and Dufour parameters on the onset of stationary convection are discussed and shown graphically.
Comparing university education in open and focused majors: A look to the future
Authors:   College of Business Administration, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia, Al-Otaibi Abdullah , Ghani Abdul Majid Abdul ,   Independent Researcher and Human Development Consultant, Beirut, Lebanon
Published: January 2022

This study aims to redirect the human resources of university graduates towards the actual needs required of society. The huge increase in the number of graduates in the Arab world is not matched by economic growth and therefore organized labor markets that can harness the skills of graduates and invest in developing the new and future required skills to meet the challenges of the labor market. This study presents a broad comparison between the narrow and general concepts adopted in education. The study aims to provide an analysis of what should be the future direction of higher education in countries and how this can be applied to education systems in Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia. Finally, it makes evidence-based recommendations to support such strategic choices, and the study concludes that a broad system that does not integrate with market needs and operates away from serious partnership with stakeholders and employer groups will certainly fail to meet national needs and national aspirations, as the data analysis revealed. University students are gathering in majors to saturate the labor market with graduates with low potential to compete in the job market, and this has led to the recommendation to take serious steps that would stimulate efficiency and responsiveness to the system. New programs and curricula that reflect market demand Shifting resources towards such a system will benefit universities as they can focus on meeting skills needs and employers who can hire skilled employees through active participation in building skill sets.
Bioquímica sanguínea y morfometría en Ichthyoelephas humeralis de ecosistemas lóticos, provincia Los Ríos, Ecuador
Authors: Méndez-Martínez Yuniel , Cevallos-Chevez Mariuxi F. , Álvarez-Sánchez Ana R. , Botello-Leon Aroldo , Verdecia Acosta Danis M
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos de la zona de habitad y sexo en la respuesta bioquímica sérica y morfométrica de Ichthyoelephas humeralis en ecosistemas loticos de la provincia Los Ríos, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se identificó una de las especies nativas (I. humeralis) que más se comercializan en los cantones de Quevedo, Mocache y Fumisa de la provincia Los Ríos. Se capturaron 60 ejemplares por cada zona (180 total). Se realizó el sexado y se determinó el peso vivo, la longitud, el grosor de la cabeza, cuerpo y cola; factor de condición y bioquímica sanguínea (glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos). Resultados. Para los indicadores morfométricos no hubo interacción zona-sexo. Solo existieron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) para el efecto del sexo sobre el peso vivo, longitud, grosor de la cabeza, cuerpo y cola, con los mayores valores para los machos (284.98 g; 29.32 cm; 6.77 cm; 14.81 cm y 7.80 cm, respectivamente) excepto para el Factor de condición el cual no mostró diferencias estadísticas. Para la bioquímica sanguínea los resultados más elevados para glucosa y triglicéridos en Quevedo con 162 mg/dL y 320.67 mg/dL, respectivamente mientras que para el colesterol fue de 130 mg/dL para Fumisa. Conclusiones. Se evidenció el efecto del sexo sobre los indicadores morfométricos, con los mejores resultados para los machos. Mientras que la bioquímica sanguínea mostró variabilidad con respecto a las zonas con los mayores resultados para Quevedo, producto a las fluctuaciones en condiciones naturales del ambiente y la alimentación.
The Immunization Data Quality Assessment, Sana’a Capital, 2021
Authors: Zeehrah Elham , Al-Serouri Abdulwahed , Al-Habob Ghadah , Al-Sharagi Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background

The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) aims to increase immunization coverage. However, this cannot be achieved without an efficient data management system and without ensuring data quality.

Objective

We aimed to assess the quality of immunization data at Sana’a capital.

Methods

The World Health Organization data quality self-assessment tools were used. Three random urban districts and the only rural district (Bani-Al Hairth) at Sana’a capital were selected. From each district, one-third of the public health facilities (HFs) that were providing EPI services were randomly selected. Accuracy ratios (ARs), discrepancy levels (DLs), completeness, and timeliness were calculated from tally sheets and reports for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccines, third doses of pentavalent-3 (Penta-3) vaccines, and first doses of measles and rubella (MR-1) vaccines. The quality index was assessed for the five components (ie, recording and reporting, archiving, demographic information, core output/analysis, and using data for action) through a prestructured questionnaire.

Results

While the overall ARs and DLs for BCG, Penta-3, and MR-1 indicated overreporting at the HF level, there was overreporting for BCG and Penta-3 and underreporting for MR-1 at the district level. With regard to the overall quality index, recording and reporting achieved the highest score (90% and 96%, respectively), while using data for action had the lowest score (61% and 78%, respectively) at the HF and district levels. While completeness and timeliness were scored 100% at all HFs, both were inadequate at the Al-Sabain (93% and 99%, respectively) and Bani-Al Hairth (75% and 83%, respectively) districts.

Conclusions

The findings showed that the quality of immunization data in Sana’a capital’s HFs and districts was inadequate, with weaknesses in using data for action. Furthermore, completeness and timeliness were found to be unsatisfactory at the rural district and one of the urban districts. Ensuring data quality through strengthening the EPI data management system should be prioritized. Larger-scale and regular assessments of the EPI data management system are recommended.
Electronic Integrated Disease Early Warning System Surveillance System Evaluation, Sana'a Capital, Yemen, 2021 (Preprint)
Authors: Nasher Samar , Alusfi Rima , Taher Rula , Qasira Abdualqawi , Alsameay Abdualwakeel , Ghaleb Yasser
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The Electronic Integrated Disease Early Warning System (eIDEWS) is an essential system; it contributes to the better prevention and management of epidemics. Through the collection of complete, accurate, and timely data, countries are able to determine the priorities for suitable interventions that save the lives of communities. Regardless of the conflict in Yemen, the system is still functioning and is expanding to be the most effective epidemiological surveillance program.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine the usefulness of the eIDEWS, assess its performance, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of its implementation.

METHODS

The usefulness and performance attributes of the eIDEWS were evaluated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. The evaluation was carried out in Sana’a capital from January to March 2021 by interviewing 25 stakeholders at 3 levels—the central, governorate, and health district levels—and using a semistructured questionnaire. Attributes of the system were ranked as poor (<60%), average (60% to <80%), good (80% to <90%), and excellent (≥90%) on the basis of indicators to calculate the final scores.

RESULTS

The eIDEWS’ overall usefulness and performance score was 90%—an excellent rank. The mean score of system attributes was 100% for acceptability, completeness, and timeliness. The flexibility was good (83%), since the change in reporting method was applied difficultly. The system depends completely on foreign funds; thus, the system’s stability was average (75%). However, the eIDEWS was expanded recently to add new health facilities; its representativeness was average (76%).

CONCLUSIONS

The system is working effectively at evaluated sites. The overall system performance was excellent; however, flexibility and stability were good due to the negative adaptation of the system with regard to the reporting method and the absence of other fund resources. Therefore, evaluating the newly upgraded system, strengthening its stability by finding other supporting resources, and further expanding coverage to include all public and private health care facilities are recommended.
How does risdiplam compare with other treatments for Types 1–3 spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic literature review and indirect treatment comparison
Authors: Ribero Valerie Aponte , Daigl Monica , Martí Yasmina , Gorni Ksenija , Evans Rachel , Scott David Alexander , Mahajan Anadi , Abrams Keith R , Hawkins Neil
Published: January 2022

Aim:
To conduct indirect treatment comparisons between risdiplam and other approved treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
Patients & methods:
Individual patient data from risdiplam trials were compared with aggregated data from published studies of nusinersen and onasemnogene abeparvovec, accounting for heterogeneity across studies.
Results:
In Type 1 SMA, studies of risdiplam and nusinersen included similar populations. Indirect comparison results found improved survival and motor function with risdiplam versus nusinersen. Comparison with onasemnogene abeparvovec in Type 1 SMA and with nusinersen in Types 2/3 SMA was challenging due to substantial differences in study populations; no concrete conclusions could be drawn from the indirect comparison analyses.
Conclusion:
Indirect comparisons support risdiplam as a superior alternative to nusinersen in Type 1 SMA.
Impact of telehealth on health care resource utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Arora Prachi , Mehta Darshan , Ha Jane
Published: January 2022

Aim:
To assess healthcare utilization (HCRU) among patients with incident telehealth visit during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials & methods:
Retrospective pre-post analyses was conducted using HealthJump data. Adults continuously enrolled with an incident telehealth visit between Feb and April 2020 were identified. Demographics, clinical characteristics, proportion of patients with ≥1 HCRU visits and post-index trends in HCRU were analyzed.
Results:
Sample constituted 2799 patients, 60.34% female and 46.23% white with mean age 59.70. Significant increase in patients with outpatient visits (5.36%, p < 0.005; only established), non-face-to-face visits (99.50%, p < 0.005) and prescription use (12.86%, p < 0.005) was reported.
Conclusion:
Among patients utilizing telehealth during COVID-19 pandemic, HCRU changed significantly. Better deployment policies and adoption techniques of telehealth could potentially act as a strong tool to revolutionize the healthcare delivery, with or without the pandemic.
Descomposición Modular de Máquina de Estados Finita Extendida para Control Automático de un Sistema de Relevo Dual de Bombas de Pistón
Authors:   PDVSA-INTEVEP, Los Teques, Rojas D’Onofrio Jorge Luis
Published: January 2022

Se abordó el problema de diseñar e implementar la lógica de control del sistema inyección en modo de flujo continuo para dos bombas de pistón, para un equipo de pruebas de desplazamiento de fluidos en medio poroso, con el fin de aumentar el tiempo productivo del equipo. Se planteó como objetivo el desarrollo de modelos del sistema de control comprensibles para el usuario y que a su vez facilite la depuración y la modificación del sistema evitando una explosión en la complejidad de los modelos. En una primera etapa, se elaboró un modelo monolítico de máquina de estado finita extendida en el que se toman en cuenta todos los componentes del sistema integrado por las dos bombas y las válvulas de inyección y recarga asociadas a cada una. Posteriormente, se construyó a partir del modelo monolítico un modelo modular, compuesto por una red de dos máquinas de estados finitas extendidas, cada una asociada a una de las bombas. Al implementar la red se pudo controlar automáticamente el sistema de inyección. Gracias a este enfoque se obtuvieron modelos que proporcionan flexibilidad y legibilidad al sistema; aspectos de gran relevancia en la automatización de laboratorios.
Efecto del Manejo Agroecológico sobre el Crecimiento de Plántulas de Theobroma cacao L. en Fase de Vivero
Authors:   Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia, Villasmil Villasmil Rosa Isela , Nava Luzardo Juan Carlos ,   Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia, Portillo Páez Elvis ,   Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia, Díaz Barrios Eduar ,   Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia
Published: January 2022

El cacao Theobroma cacao L. ha sido un rubro muy importante en la producción agrícola del país durante muchos años, contribuyendo con su desarrollo económico y social. El manejo agronómico actual a las plántulas de cacao en vivero, implica el uso de agroquímicos, que pudiesen ocasionar un perjuicio ambiental. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto del manejo agroecológico sobre el crecimiento de plántulas de cacao en fase de vivero en el municipio Sucre del estado Zulia, Venezuela. El diseño experimental fue totalmente al azar con 5 tratamientos y 10 repeticiones: T1, fórmula completa 12-12-17; T2, lixiviado de raquis de plátano + Trichoderma harzianum + Beauveria bassiana; T3, vermicompost líquido + Trichoderma harzianum + Beauveria bassiana; T4, lixiviado de raquis de plátano + Trichoderma harzianum + trampa y T5, vermicompost líquido + Trichoderma harzianum + trampa. Los datos de crecimiento de las plántulas se analizaron siguiendo la metodología de medidas repetidas, observándose que en fase de vivero, las mismas se pueden manejar sin el uso de agroquímicos. El modelo de estimación para el tamaño de plántulas de cacao a través del tiempo, permitiría obtener información en un momento determinado de su proceso de crecimiento.
Identificación de Factores de Operación en un Proceso de Refinación para la Producción de Papel Tisú
Authors:   Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile, Torres Navarro Carlos , Ortega Zavala Vanessa ,   Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile, Campos Sáez Sebastián ,   Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile, Rozas Mellado Carlos ,   Departamento de Ingeniería en Maderas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile
Published: January 2022

Con la finalidad de lograr un aumento en la rentabilidad de la producción de papel tisú, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar factores que incidan en el grado de refino de la pulpa e índice de tensión del papel tisú al utilizar fibra corta, fibra larga y enzima de refinación Quimizine B. La metodología consideró experimentos en laboratorio, obtención de curvas de refinación, diseño factorial multinivel y diagramas de superficie de respuesta. Los resultados indicaron que el factor común más significativo en el grado de refino de la pulpa e índice de tensión es el consumo específico de energía para ambos tipos de fibra y, que se pueden conocer parámetros óptimos de operación al analizar el grado de refino e índice de tensión en forma independiente y simultánea. Se concluyó que el diseño factorial multinivel permitió identificar factores significativos que influyen en las propiedades del grado de refino y la resistencia del papel tisú cuando se busca un óptimo individual y simultáneo y, que la influencia de la enzima aumentó las propiedades del grado de refino y la resistencia a la tensión del papel al utilizar materia prima de fibra corta y larga de Eucalyptus globulus y Pinus radiata, respectivamente.
Análisis de la Resistencia a Corte de Conectores Tipo Ángulo en Losas de Hormigón Armado sobre Estructura Metálica
Authors:   Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador, Franco Jonathan , Martínez Miguel ,   Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador, Hernández Luis ,   Centro de Investigación de la Vivienda (CIV EPN), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Quito, Ecuador, Arévalo Diego ,   Centro de Investigación de la Vivienda (CIV EPN), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Quito, Ecuador, Herrera Melisa ,   Centro de Investigación de la Vivienda (CIV EPN), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Quito, Ecuador, Gómez Christian ,   Centro de Investigación de la Vivienda (CIV EPN), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Quito, Ecuador
Published: January 2022

Durante años se ha venido construyendo losas de hormigón sobre vigas de acero, sin embargo, el no considerar la trasmisión de esfuerzos de corte entre ellas, ocasiona que los elementos trabajen por separado. Para asegurar la transmisión de esfuerzos, la carga debe transmitirse mediante conectores mecánicos. En la construcción comúnmente se utilizan pernos stud, perfiles angulares y tornillos como conectores, aunque no todos se encuentren normados. El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento de conectores de corte tipo ángulo, cuando están localizados de diferente manera a la expuesta en códigos de diseño. Para ello, se consideraron conectores de corte tipo ángulo, colocados de manera perpendicular respecto a la cara del patín de la viga de acero, analizando dos tipos de posiciones (45 y 90° referente al eje longitudinal del patín). Para comprobar cuál tiene un comportamiento y resistencia adecuada, se realizaron ensayos push-out, con un total de 6 probetas por posición. Las curvas fuerza vs. deslizamiento obtenidas del conector a 45°, presentaron un comportamiento más homogéneo en todos los parámetros analizados, en comparación con las curvas obtenidas para el conector a 90°. Su óptimo rendimiento hace que el conector a 45° sea el más adecuado para implementación.
PROJETOS DE FELICIDADE NO CÁRCERE: implicações para o cuidado em saúde
Authors: Caçador Beatriz Santana , Souza e Silva Thuany Caroline , Silva Laylla Veridiana Castória , Caram Carolina da Silva , Carmo Gian Batista , Branco Júnior Antonio Aparecido , Dutra Luíza de Alcântara , Oliveira Bruna Pereira de
Published: January 2022

Research carried out with the objective of knowing the project of happiness of a population deprived of liberty and its implications for health care. For this, the qualitative study was used. Data collection took place from July 2019 to October 2020, in a prison in the interior of Zona da Mata Mineira, with 20 people deprived of liberty. An open interview was carried out with a semi-structured script, being submitted to Content Analysis. Ethical aspects were respected. The results indicate that the happiness projects of people deprived of liberty find meanings, both in specific experiences of the present through the redefinition of ways of living in prison, and in future perspectives through the construction of thoughts about life after prison. They also want to carry out social projects in schools to raise awareness of young people about living in prison, as well as accessing fundamental rights such as education and work, building and caring for the family and following a religion. Thus, the subjective production mobilized in prison, produces as a project of happiness, participating in the breaking of the perverse cycle that historically imprisons those whose rights are not accessed in life outside prison, enabling the construction of care consistent with comprehensiveness and humanization.
Craniofaringioma simulando cisto da bolsa de Rathke
Authors: Alves Eduarda , Welter Anna Carolina Hostins , Arcoverde Anna Flávia Campedelli , Linzmeier Pietra Cani , Valim João Guilherme Brasil , Wayszceyk Sheila , Silva Vinícius Augusto Bazílio da , Robaina Amany Gonçalves , Mendonça Isabella Pacheco , Klöppel Luisa da Silveira , Lara Danielle de
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O craniofaringioma (CF) é uma lesão de baixo grau que acomete a região selar e as estruturas neurovasculares adjacentes. Seu diagnóstico diferencial se dá principalmente com os cistos da bolsa de Rathke (CBR), lesões selares raras, normalmente assintomáticas e que se apresentam nos exames de imagem de forma muito semelhante ao CF. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 7 anos, apresentou quadro de déficit dos eixos, corticotrófico, tireotrófico e diabetes insipidus central, associado a hemianopsia bitemporal. A ressonância magnética evidenciou uma lesão expansiva selar cística, sugestiva de CBR. Paciente foi submetido à cirurgia por via endoscópica endonasal e uma biópsia da parede cística confirmou o diagnóstico de CF. Discussão: Os CF são as neoplasias primárias do sistema nervoso central que mais acometem pacientes pediátricos e são classificadas em dois tipos: adamantinomatoso e papilar. As opções terapêuticas são quase sempre cirúrgicas e existem várias vias de acesso que recebem destaque, mas a melhor delas ainda está em discussão. Conclusão: Os CF ainda são um desafio para os neurocirurgiões, devido a sintomatologia discreta. Pelo fato de ser uma lesão rara, é importante que o pediatra e o neurocirurgião estejam atentos para essa possibilidade diagnóstica ao lidar com lesões císticas da região selar.