bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic regulation of the endotracheal tube cuff pressure with a portable elastomeric device. A randomized controlled study
Authors: Dauvergne Jérôme E , GEFFRAY Anne-Laure , ASEHNOUNE Karim , ROZEC Bertrand , LAKHAL Karim
Published: January 2020

Background Endotracheal tube cuff underinflation contributes to microaspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal content, source of pneumonia. Overinflation exposes to airway damage. Intermittent manual adjustment of the cuff pressure (P cuff ) may delay the detection of under- or overinflation. Devices for automated continuous adjustment of P cuff are promising but some are inconvenient, expensive or even harmful. This prospective randomized controlled study tested whether the Tracoe Smart Cuff Manager TM reduced the rate of patients undergoing ≥1 episode of underinflation (P cuff <20 cmH 2 O), as compared with routine manual P cuff adjustment. Secondary endpoints included comparisons of the rate of patients with ≥1 overinflation episode (P cuff >30 cmH 2 O), of the incidence of under- and overinflation episodes and of their magnitude. Methods Patients likely to receive invasive mechanical ventilation for >48 hours because of acute brain injury were randomly allocated to receive, during 48 hours, automated P cuff adjustment (combined with manual adjustment) or manual adjustment alone. In each group, P cuff was measured with a dedicated manual manometer, at least every 8 hours. Results Sixty patients were analyzed (28 patients with automated and 32 with manual P cuff adjustment) for 506 measurements of P cuff (237 and 269, respectively). As compared with manual adjustment, automated adjustment of P cuff was associated with 1) a lower rate of patients with ≥1 episode of underinflation (63% and 18%, respectively, p<0.001), 2) a lower incidence of underinflation episodes (15% vs. 2%;p<0.001), 3) a lower rate of manual adjustments (77% vs. 56%;p<0.001) and 4) manual adjustments of lower magnitude (5.9±4.5 vs. 3.6±4.7 cmH 2 O;p<0.001). For overinflation, there was no significant between-groups differences (p>0.99). Conclusions The adjunction of a continuous P cuff control with the Tracoe Smart Cuff Manager TM to routine manual intermittent adjustment reduced both the incidence of P cuff underinflation episodes and their magnitude without provoking overinflation.
Spatial pattern and Factors associated with khat chewing among adult males 15-59 years in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016. Generalized Estimating Equation Approach
Authors: Tadesse Zemenu Tessema , Zeleke Tadele Amare
Published: January 2020

Background Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and wildly practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to show spatial patterns and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods A total of 12,594 men who chew khat in their were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial pattern chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. The robust standard error method of generalized estimating equations was used for the binary outcome variable from the clustered data and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported. Results A total of 12,594 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ever khat chewing in this study was 3418 (27.14%) with 95% CI 26.37% to 27.92%. From EDHS 2016 survey the high proportion of chewing khat was located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (RR= 4.02, P-value < 0.001) was identified. Age group 30-44 (AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion (AOR=4.91, 95% CI: 3.69, 8.19), media exposure (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), working status(AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.53), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.43, 3.39) and region were statistically significant factors affecting chewing Khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions The prevalence of chewing chat in Ethiopia was high and located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. Older age group, single, drinker, media unexposed, had no work and Muslim religion follower should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat. Therefore, it is good to teach the health impact of khat chewing through media.
Structure, Water Permeability and Metabolism of Tilia miqueliana seeds during imbibition and dormancy release process
Authors: WU YU , Shen Bao
Published: January 2020

The mechanical barrier and low permeability of seed coat and endosperm may be the main obstacle to the imbibition and dormancy release of Tilia miqueliana seeds. MRI, SEM, TEM and PSD were used to study the structure, water permeability and metabolism of control seeds and H 2 SO 4 treated seeds during imbibition and dormancy release. The results showed that H 2 SO 4 treatment greatly improved the permeability of seed coat and endosperm, accelerated the metabolism of high electron density substances in endosperm cells, and shortened the process of seed dormancy release and germination. At the same time, protoplasts that eventually developed into vascular bundles were surprisingly found in cotyledons and radicles.
Genetic Mapping of Chartreuse Bulb Color in Onion
Authors: Havey Michael J.
Published: January 2020

The most common bulb colors of onion (Allium cepa) are red, yellow, and white; chartreuse is a relatively rare bulb color conditioned by the homozygous recessive genotype at the G locus. In this research, plants with chartreuse bulbs were crossed with inbreds with yellow bulbs to develop segregating families for genetic mapping of the G locus. For all of 17 F2 families, segregations for yellow vs. chartreuse bulbs fit the expected 3:1 ratio (P > 0.05). DNAs were isolated from one F2 family and genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to produce a genetic map of the G locus and 380 SNPs, of which 119 SNPs have not been previously mapped. Segregations for yellow vs. chartreuse bulbs placed the G locus at the end of chromosome 7 at 6.7 cM from the nearest SNP (isotig28625_2789). This codominant SNP marker linked to the G locus should be useful for introgression of recessive chartreuse bulb color into diverse onion populations for commercial production of this uniquely colored onion.
Soil moisture distribution under trickle irrigation: a review
Authors: Bajpai Arpna , Kaushal Arun
Published: January 2020

The wetting pattern of soil under trickle (drip) irrigation is governed by soil texture, structure, initial water content, emitter spacing, discharge rate and irrigation frequency. For efficient management of trickle irrigation moisture distribution plays an important role. The degree of soil wetted volume in an irrigation system determines the amount of water required to wet the root zone. This article helps in understanding moisture distribution for different lateral spacing, emitter spacing, emitter discharge rates and drip line installation depth for trickle irrigation under various soil conditions all over the world. This review reveals that soil moisture distribution and uniformity within the soil profile were affected by the distance between emitters rather than the distance between drip lines. In drip irrigation systems, the less the dripper spacing, the greater the moisture distribution as well as water use efficiency and crop yield. The radial spread of moisture was greater at lower water application rates, whereas the vertical spread was greater at higher water application rates. The vertical movement of soil moisture was greater than the horizontal movement under surface as well as subsurface drip irrigation systems. Deeper drip tape installations had a potential risk of not providing moisture to shallow rooted crops.
Teaching Hands-On Informatics Skills to Future Health Informaticians: A Competency Framework Proposal and Analysis of Health Care Informatics Curricula
Authors: Sapci A Hasan , Sapci H Aylin
Published: January 2020

Background

Existing health informatics curriculum requirements mostly use a competency-based approach rather than a skill-based one.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to assess the current skills training requirements in graduate health informatics curricula to evaluate graduate students’ confidence in specific health informatics skills.

Methods

A quantitative cross-sectional observational study was developed to evaluate published health informatics curriculum requirements and to determine the comprehensive health informatics skill sets required in a research university in New York, United States. In addition, a questionnaire to assess students’ confidence about specific health informatics skills was developed and sent to all enrolled and graduated Master of Science students in a health informatics program.

Results

The evaluation was performed in a graduate health informatics program, and analysis of the students’ self-assessments questionnaire showed that 79.4% (81/102) of participants were not confident (not at all confident or slightly confident) about developing an artificial intelligence app, 58.8% (60/102) were not confident about designing and developing databases, and 54.9% (56/102) were not confident about evaluating privacy and security infrastructure. Less than one-third of students (24/105, 23.5%) were confident (extremely confident and very confident) that they could evaluate the use of data capture technologies and develop mobile health informatics apps (10/102, 9.8%).

Conclusions

Health informatics programs should consider specialized tracks that include specific skills to meet the complex health care delivery and market demand, and specific training components should be defined for different specialties. There is a need to determine new competencies and skill sets that promote inductive and deductive reasoning from diverse and various data platforms and to develop a comprehensive curriculum framework for health informatics skills training.
The Use and Effects of an App-Based Physical Activity Intervention “Active2Gether” in Young Adults: Quasi-Experimental Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Middelweerd Anouk , Mollee Julia , Klein Michel MCA , Manzoor Adnan , Brug Johannes , te Velde Saskia J
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Insufficient physical activity (PA) is highly prevalent and associated with adverse health conditions and the risk of noncommunicable diseases. To increase levels of PA, effective interventions to promote PA are needed. Present-day technologies such as smartphones, smartphone apps, and activity trackers offer several possibilities in health promotion.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the use and short-term effects of an app-based intervention (Active2Gether) to increase the levels of PA in young adults.

METHODS

Young adults aged 18-30 years were recruited (N=104) using diverse recruitment strategies. The participants were allocated to the Active2Gether-Full condition (tailored coaching messages, self-monitoring, and social comparison), Active2Gether-Light condition (self-monitoring and social comparison), and the Fitbit-only control condition (self-monitoring). All participants received a Fitbit One activity tracker, which could be synchronized with the intervention apps, to monitor PA behavior. A 12-week quasi-experimental trial was conducted to explore the intervention effects on weekly moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and relevant behavioral determinants (ie, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social norm, intentions, satisfaction, perceived barriers, and long-term goals). The ActiGraph wGT3XBT and GT3X+ were used to assess baseline and postintervention follow-up PA.

RESULTS

Compared with the Fitbit condition, the Active2Gether-Light condition showed larger effect sizes for minutes of MVPA per day (regression coefficient B=3.1; 95% CI −6.7 to 12.9), and comparatively smaller effect sizes were seen for the Active2Gether-Full condition (B=1.2; 95% CI −8.7 to 11.1). Linear and logistic regression analyses for the intervention effects on the behavioral determinants at postintervention follow-up showed no significant intervention effects of the Active2Gether-Full and Active2Gether-Light conditions. The overall engagement with the Fitbit activity tracker was high (median 88% (74/84) of the days), but lower in the Fitbit condition. Participants in the Active2Gether conditions reported more technical problems than those in the Fitbit condition.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed no statistically significant differences in MVPA or determinants of MVPA after exposure to the Active2Gether-Full condition compared with the Active2Gether-Light or Fitbit condition. This might partly be explained by the small sample size and the low rates of satisfaction in the participants in the two Active2Gether conditions that might be because of the high rates of technical problems.
Use of Eye-Tracking Technology by Medical Students Taking the Objective Structured Clinical Examination: Descriptive Study (Preprint)
Authors: Grima-Murcia M D , Sanchez-Ferrer Francisco , Ramos-Rincón Jose Manuel , Fernández Eduardo
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a test used throughout Spain to evaluate the clinical competencies, decision making, problem solving, and other skills of sixth-year medical students.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this study is to explore the possible applications and utility of portable eye-tracking systems in the setting of the OSCE, particularly questions associated with attention and engagement.

METHODS

We used a portable Tobii Glasses 2 eye tracker, which allows real-time monitoring of where the students were looking and records the voice and ambient sounds. We then performed a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of the fields of vision and gaze points attracting attention as well as the visual itinerary.

RESULTS

Eye-tracking technology was used in the OSCE with no major issues. This portable system was of the greatest value in the patient simulators and mannequin stations, where interaction with the simulated patient or areas of interest in the mannequin can be quantified. This technology proved useful to better identify the areas of interest in the medical images provided.

CONCLUSIONS

Portable eye trackers offer the opportunity to improve the objective evaluation of candidates and the self-evaluation of the stations used as well as medical simulations by examiners. We suggest that this technology has enough resolution to identify where a student is looking at and could be useful for developing new approaches for evaluating specific aspects of clinical competencies.
Regenerative Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis Based on Intrahepatic Arterial Infusion of Autologous Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Derived Regenerative (Stem) Cells: Protocol for a Confirmatory Multicenter Uncontrolled Clinical Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Sakai Yoshio , Fukunishi Shinya , Takamura Masayuki , Inoue Oto , Takashima Shinichiro , Usui Soichiro , Seki Akihiro , Nasti Alessandro , Ho Tuyen Thuy Bich , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Asai Akira , Tsuchimoto Yusuke , Yamashita Taro , Yamashita Tatsuya , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Honda Masao , Imai Yasuhito , Yoshimura Kenichi , Murayama Toshinori , Wada Takashi , Harada Kenichi , Higuchi Kazuhide , Kaneko Shuichi
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Liver cirrhosis results from chronic hepatitis, and is characterized by advanced fibrosis due to long-term hepatic inflammation. Cirrhosis ultimately leads to manifestations of jaundice, ascites, and encephalopathy, and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Once cirrhosis is established, resulting in hepatic failure, no effective treatment is available. Therefore, novel therapies to inhibit disease progression of cirrhosis are needed.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this investigator-initiated clinical trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of autologous adipose tissue-derived regenerative (stem) cell therapy delivered to the liver via the hepatic artery in patients with liver cirrhosis.

METHODS

Through consultation with the Japan Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, we designed a clinical trial to assess a therapy for liver cirrhosis based on autologous adipose tissue-derived regenerative (stem) cells, which are extracted using an adipose tissue dissociation device. The primary endpoints of the trial are the serum albumin concentration, prothrombin activity, harmful events, and device malfunction.

RESULTS

Enrollment and registration were initiated in November 2017, and the follow-up period ended in November 2019. Data analysis and the clinical study report will be completed by the end of March 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

Completion of this clinical trial, including data analysis, will provide data on the safety and efficacy of this novel liver repair therapy based on autologous adipose tissue-derived regenerative (stem) cells using an adipose tissue dissociation device.

CLINICALTRIAL

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000022601; https://tinyurl.com/w9uqw3q

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/17904
Annotation Guideline No. 7: Guidelines for annotation of narrative structure
Authors: Wirén Mats , Ek Adam , Kasaty Anna
Published: January 2020

Analysis of narrative structure can be said to answer the question “Who tells what,

and how?”. The first part of the question thus concerns aspects such as who is

narrating, whether it is a character in the story or not, and if it is a first-person

or third-person narrator. The second part is related to the story and its basic

elements: characters and events, and how the sequence of events forms a plot.

The third part concerns how the narrative text is constructed: ordering of the

events, the perspective from which the story is seen, how much information the

narrator has access to, etc.
Crizotinib versus chemotherapy: a real-world cost–effectiveness study in China
Authors: Huang Meijuan , Tian Yuke , He Mingmin , Liu Juan , Ren Li , Gong Youling , Peng Feng , Wang Yongsheng , Ding Zhenyu , Wang Jin , Zhu Jiang , Xu Yong , Liu Yongmei , Li Lanting , Lu You
Published: January 2020

Aim:
To assess the cost–effectiveness of crizotinib verses platinum-based doublet chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real-world setting.
Methods:
Data from 163 advanced ALK positive NSCLC patients were collected from West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). They were categorized into two groups as treated with crizotinib (n = 83) or chemotherapy (n = 80) as a first-line therapy. The progression-free survival (PFS) as the primary clinical outcome, and the direct medical costs were collected from hospital information systems. Incremental cost–effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated with costs, quality-adjusted life-years, as well as the costs discounted at 3% annually. Additionally, two different kinds of medical insurance (MI) for pharma-economic assessment were considered.
Results:
Crizotinib improved PFS versus chemotherapy in ALK positive patients (median PFS 19.67 m vs 5.47 m; p < 0.001). Moreover, crizotinib obtained an ICER of US$36,285.39 before the end of 2016, when crizotinib, pemetrexed and anti-angiogenesis drugs were not MI covered. This is more than the willingness to pay threshold (three-times of gross domestic product per capita in mainland China or Sichuan Province). However, ICER was US$7321.16, which is less than willingness to pay, when crizotinib and all chemotherapy drugs were covered by MI from the end of 2016. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated a 99.7% probability for crizotinib to be more cost-effective than chemotherapy, when crizotinib and all anticancer drugs were MI covered. One-way sensitivity analysis for the reimbursement ratio of crizotinib indicated that cost-effective tendency for crizotinib increased as reimbursement ratio increased.
Conclusion:
Crizotinib could be an effective, and cost-effective first-line treatment for ALK positive advanced NSCLC with the MI coverage currently available in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
La protección de los derechos humanos y la inejecución de las sentencias de amparo por el indebido financiamiento de políticas públicas en México
Authors: Martínez Regino Roberto
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar el grado de eficacia actual de la protección de los derechos fundamentales por el Estado a través del juicio de amparo, ante la negativa de los órganos públicos de satisfacer a través de bienes y servicios los derechos de las personas, por el indebido financiamiento del ente legislativo. Tema que permite debatir la actualización de instituciones jurídicas necesarias para lograr la concesión de amparo, la creación y modificación de políticas públicas, así como la debida distribución de la riqueza económica en el país para la efectividad de los derechos humanos conforme a estándares del bloque constitucional de derechos humanos.
Однообразие и разнообразие в градостроительстве
Authors: Krayniaya Nina
Published: January 2020

Фундаментальным свойством устойчивого города, тесно связанным со свойством неравномерности его структуры, представляется сбалансированное сочетание качеств одно­образия и разнообразия его составляющих. В статье рассма­триваются факторы, определявшие формы и сочетания черт однообразия и разнообразия, характерные для различных уровней и зон городского пространства исторического города. Приводится также напоминание об этапах утраты современной практикой отечественного градостроительства закономерной структуры устойчивого города как единства однообразия и разнообразия. Приводится напоминание об этапах утраты современной практикой отечественного градо­строительства закономерной структуры устойчивого города как единства однообразия и разнообразия.
Tribotechnical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene filled with sulfur, diphenylguanidine and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole
Authors: Danilova S. N. , Dyakonov A. A. , Vasiliev A. P. , Gerasimova Y. S. , Okhlopkova A. A. , Sleptsova S. A.
Published: January 2020

The paper studies tribotechnical properties, hardness and density of composites based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) filled with sulfur, diphenylguanidine (DFG) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and their mixtures. It has been established that the introduction of selected fillers has practically no effect on hardness and density of the composites, but leads to a significant (by 2–3 times) increase in the wear resistance of materials. Using electron microscopy, it has been established that secondary structures are formed in composites containing MBT that protect the surface layer of the material from wear. Using IR spectroscopy, it was established that tribochemical reactions occur during the wear of composites with the formation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The developed materials UHMWPE / MBT and UHMWPE / FGD / MBT have high wear resistance and can be used as materials for tribological purposes.
Melanoma maligno gastrointestinal de origen primario desconocido: reporte de caso
Authors: Cifuentes A Sandra Patricia , Santacruz Rendón Sandra Lorena
Published: January 2020

Una de las características inusuales del melanoma cutáneo es la capacidad de metastatizar en el intestino delgado. A menudo se diagnostica durante la autopsia, en la cual se ha encontrado depósitos metastásicos en el 50%-60% de los casos, pero menos del 2% al 4% de los pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma tiene metástasis gastrointestinal (GI) durante el curso de la enfermedad y entre el 4%-9% de casos de melanoma GI tiene un primario desconocido. La rápida identificación y resección del melanoma en el tracto digestivo podría mejorar la tasa de supervivencia en aquellos pacientes en los que se presentan complicaciones, como obstrucción intestinal.

Se presenta un caso clínico de melanoma gastrointestinal de origen primario desconocido. El porcentaje de este tipo de casos es poco frecuente. La paciente presentó cuadro clínico de náuseas, hiporexia, epigastralgia, fatiga, parestesias en región dorsal derecha y disminución de 9 kilogramos en 3 semanas. Le realizaron tomografía computarizada (TAC) de abdomen contrastado, que reportó 3 lesiones en hígado de predominio isodenso en el parénquima, con algunas áreas de menor densidad al interior, localizadas en los segmentos 2, 5, 7 y 8 del hígado al que se le realizó la biopsia. Se llevó a cabo endoscopia de vías digestivas altas con biopsia de 2 lesiones hiperpigmentadas en la segunda porción de duodeno. El examen histopatológico de las biopsias evidenció melanoma maligno. Se excluyeron todas las localizaciones típicas de melanoma primario durante el procedimiento diagnóstico.
Carcinoma escamocelular del canal anal metastásico en un paciente con VIH tratado con quimiorradioterapia concomitante. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Osma Charris Handerson Rafael , Bonilla González Carlos Eduardo , Oliveros Wilches Ricardo , Vargas Díaz Henry Alexander , Beltrán Saavedra Julián Alberto , Melo Uribe Mario Alexander
Published: January 2020

El carcinoma del canal anal es responsable de hasta el 4% de los casos de cáncer de colon, recto y ano; el tipo histológico más común es el carcinoma escamocelular. Una proporción no despreciable de pacientes se presenta con enfermedad metastásica al momento del diagnóstico. En estos estadios, el pronóstico es pobre y su tratamiento usualmente se basa en quimioterapia paliativa con cisplatino y 5-fluorouracilo, con tasas de supervivencia que no superan el 30% a 5 años. Algunos estudios recientes han sugerido que el tratamiento multidisciplinario con quimiorradiación, que se brinda en estadios más tempranos de la enfermedad, podría mejorar la supervivencia en un grupo seleccionado de pacientes.

A continuación, presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años con carcinoma escamocelular del canal anal con compromiso metastásico extenso y con VIH atendido en una institución especializada en el manejo de cáncer, en el cual se logró remisión completa de la enfermedad luego del manejo con quimiorradioterapia concomitante con mitomicina C y 5-fluorouracilo y se mantiene en remisión después de cerca de 4 años de haberse suspendido el tratamiento. Se discute el caso y se revisa la literatura al respecto.
Development and Analysis of Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for Induction Motor Control
Authors: Katyara Sunny , Hashmani Ashfaque Hussain , Chowdhry Bhawani Shanker
Published: January 2020

SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) technique is type of traditional PWM method that efficiently utilizes its dc link voltage and generates high voltage pulses with low harmonic content and high modulation index. VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) with SVPWM generates adjustable voltage and frequency signals for VSDs (Variable Speed Drives). This research work presents the simplified SVPWM technique for controlling the speed and torque of induction motor. The performance of developed SVPWM technique is analyzed in terms of its switching losses and harmonic content and compared with SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation). Mathematical modeling for induction motor control through two-level VSI with SVPWM and SPWM is presented. The voltage and current TDHs (Total Harmonic Distortions) of the drive with SVPWM technique are 73.23 and 63.3% respectively as compared to 101.99 and 77.89% with SPWM technique. Similarly, the switching losses with SVPWM technique are 178.79 mW and that of with SPWM are 269.45 mW. Simulink modeling and laboratory setup are developed to testify the efficacy of SVPWM and SPWM techniques. The modulation factor of SVPWM technique is 0.907 which is higher as compared to SPWM technique with 0.785 modulation factor.
Performance Improvement using Simulation Tool in a Tiles Production Facility
Authors: Nadir Uroosa , Habib Tufail , Khattak Sikander Bilal , Noor Ishrat
Published: January 2020

In recent times, the globalization of markets due to the improvement of utilization of resources has significant impact on the manufacturing systems. International competition forced companies to establish efficient and effective production facilities that provide best possible outcome in terms of profitability, throughput and lead time. In this background, every industrial facility is in competition to remain competitive in the market and be flexible for future changes. It is not easy to change the environment of any facility in order to check the results beforehand therefore simulation is a viable option. Simulation tools are used to help analyze performance measures for improvement. This paper presents a case by analyzing a facility in order to improve its production using simulation tool. In this study, simulation model for the production facility of Fort Ceramic Company is developed from its current state and then changes are made to its inter-arrival time. Models for both improved and current systems are developed in the simulation tool. Data analyzed in the simulation tool shows better results that represent a significant improvement in productivity, cycle time and throughput time to optimize the system.It is also observed that by decreasing the inter arrival time there is increase in the throughput which improves the revenue.
Identifying Direct Electrical Energy Demand in Wire-Cut EDM
Authors: Fatima Anis , Syed Amir Iqbal
Published: January 2020

Non-traditional machining processes are popular for generating complex features on the work piece. With advances in material engineering, new ways of cutting technologies has been emerged. However, EDM (Electric Discharge Machining) has gained recognition for producing extraordinary surface finished, intricate part geometries with accuracy and its ability to cut through difficult to machined materials. However, like every product cycle, manufacturing processes also require energy to convert raw materials into finished product. In manufacturing operations, energy input gives carbon footprints which have an effect on our environment. It is observed that reducing energy consumption is becoming the main concern of manufacturers because of enforcing environmental laws and due to the economics of the processing. It is argued that world’s 70% of energy consumption is consumed by manufacturing sector. The aim of the work was to identify direct energy demands in wire cut EDM. The variability in energy demand was explored by operating wire cut EDM at no-load and loaded conditions.Stainless steel S304 was used as a work piece. Experiments were performed on three different wire-cut EDM.Molybdenum wire, brass wire and copper wire were used as an electrode wire and distilled water was used as a working fluid. During the experiment, electrical current was measured and the variation of power requirement was evaluated. Power required by different features of EDM was compared with the existing energy models and factors were identified that consume most of the electrical energy. Further, a comparison is made between traditional and non-traditional machining processes. This contribution will help to assess energy efficiency of EDM technology and identify priority areas for improvements. This work is also significant for machine tool designers for optimum utilization of energy,reduced environmental impact and reduced production cost of their machine tool.
An Efficient Topic Modeling Approach for Text Mining and Information Retrieval through K-means Clustering
Authors: Rashid Junaid , Shah Syed Muhammad Adnan , Irtaza Aun
Published: January 2020

Topic modeling is an effective text mining and information retrieval approach to organizing knowledge with various contents under a specific topic. Text documents in form of news articles are increasing very fast on the web. Analysis of these documents is very important in the fields of text mining and information retrieval. Meaningful information extraction from these documents is a challenging task. One approach for discovering the theme from text documents is topic modeling but this approach still needs a new perspective to improve its performance. In topic modeling, documents have topics and topics are the collection of words. In this paper, we propose a new k-means topic modeling (KTM) approach by using the k-means clustering algorithm. KTM discovers better semantic topics from a collection of documents. Experiments on two real-world Reuters 21578 and BBC News datasets show that KTM performance is better than state-of-the-art topic models like LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and LSA (Latent Semantic Analysis). The KTM is also applicable for classification and clustering tasks in text mining and achieves higher performance with a comparison of its competitors LDA and LSA.
Selective laser melting and sintering technique of the cobalt-chromium dental alloy
Authors: Stamenkovic Dejan , Obradovic-Djuricic Kosovka , Rudolf Rebeka , Bobovnik Rajko , Stamenkovic Dragoslav
Published: January 2020

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper is to describe the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered Co-Cr alloy and to emphasize its advantages and disadvantages with respect to the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Co-Cr alloy. Methods. Base Co-Cr alloy, EOSint M EOS Co-Cr SP2 (EOS GmbH, Munch, Germany), was used for the purpose of this research as the base material for sintering metal structures of metal-ceramic restorations. Metal sintering was conducted by using EOSint M 280 device of German origin in a stream of neutral gas ? argon. After that, the alloy was heated over a period of 20 minutes at the temperature of 800?C. The chemical composition of the alloy was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Microstructure of the tested alloy samples was examined under an optical metallographic and scanning electron microscope. Physical and mechanical properties were measured in a universal testing machine. The samples were prepared according to the standard ISO 527-1:1993. Results. Chemical composition of the sintered Co-Cr alloy, determined by applying energy dispersive spectroscopy, indicated the same qualitative but different quantitative composition compared to cast Co-Cr alloys. The microstructure of the sintered Co-Cr alloy is lamellar in nature, with two dominant phases: ?-Co and/or ?-Cr (fcc ? face-centered cubic) and ?-Co (hcp ? hexagonal close-packed). Mechanical properties of the Co-Cr alloy obtained by applying selective laser melting technology compared to the cast Co-Cr alloy are superior or approximately the same. Conclusion. Selective laser melting of the Co-Cr alloy is a good example of new technologies based on digitization. Together with other digitized procedures, this technology is an introduction to a new era in dentistry popularly called Dentistry 4.0. The advantages of the selective laser melting technology with respect to the conventional technology of casting Co-Cr alloy metal structures are precise metal structure fitting and eco-friendly technology.
Aquisição fonológica em pré-escolares e deficiência de ferro: um estudo populacional
Authors: França Maristela Cavalheiro Tamborindeguy , Azevedo Milene Urrutia de , França Marcio Pezzini , Daudt Liane Esteves , Riesgo Rudimar Dos Santos
Published: January 2020

Introdução – Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a aquisição fonológica e sua relação com dados demográficos e a deficiência de ferro em pré-escolares da cidade de Vicente Dutra-RS. Método – Foi realizado estudo transversal, utilizando dados de hemograma (hemoglobina, ferritina e saturação transferrina) e dados sobre a aquisição da linguagem oral e da escrita numa população de 51 crianças (26 meninas, 51%), com 5,3±0,3 anos de idade. Resultados – Não foi encontrada associação da deficiência de ferro com aquisição da linguagem oral e escrita. Contudo, foi observada associação entre as variáveis aquisição fonológica e hipótese de escrita (valor sonoro), p=0,006, e aquisição fonológica e desvios fonéticos (p=0,012). Conclusões – Os dados encontrados nesta pesquisa transversal não sugerem relação entre linguagem e deficiência de ferro; contudo, amostras maiores em estudos longitudinais seriam interessantes para melhor compreensão dos achados.
Desenvolvimento e análise de guia de identificação e orientação sobre sinais e sintomas da presbifagia
Authors: Fernandes Raquel Gama , Melo Paulo Eduardo Damasceno
Published: January 2020

Introdução: A população idosa tem aumentado progressivamente; portanto, as mudanças fisiológicas ganham atenção, em particular, a deglutição. O conhecimento de idosos, familiares, cuidadores e profissionais de saúde sobre as questões fisiológicas do envelhecimento, a orientação e a identificação dos primeiros sinais e sintomas de deterioração da funcionalidade da mastigação e deglutição são uma forma de promoção do bem-estar. Profissionais de saúde costumam usar materiais impressos na educação do paciente. Faz-se necessário elaborar um guia de orientação e identificação de sinais e sintomas da presbifagia, um conteúdo inexistente em literatura nacional, voltado à população idosa, familiares, cuidadores e profissionais de saúde. Objetivos: Elaborar um guia de identificação e orientação sobre os sinais e sintomas da presbifagia e submetê-lo à avaliação dos idosos, cuidadores, familiares e profissionais da saúde. Método: Desenvolveu-se o guia de identificação e orientação sobre os sinais e sintomas da presbifagia, avaliado por agentes comunitários de saúde, acompanhantes de idosos e idosos. Em seguida, os pesquisadores fizeram as modificações necessárias. Resultado: O estudo resultou em um manual impresso de identificação e orientação sobre os sinais e sintomas da presbifagia. Agentes comunitários de saúde, acompanhantes de idosos e idosos referiram-no como muito importante. Conclusão: Criou-se o guia de identificação e orientação sobre os sinais e sintomas da presbifagia, avaliado por profissionais de saúde e idosos.
Estimulação elétrica neuromuscular no tratamento da disfagia em lactentes e crianças pequenas com comprometimento neurológico: um estudo piloto prospectivo
Authors: Macêdo Filho Valdir França de
Published: January 2020

Marcus S, Friedman JN, Lacombe Duncan A, Mahant S. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of dysphagia in infants and young children with neurological impairment: a prospective pilot study. BMJ Paediatrics Open. 2019; 3(1): e000382.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УСТАНОВОК ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ГЕОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ЗАДАЧ (ЧАСТЬ 01 ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ)
Authors: ЗАЙЦЕВ АНДРЕЙ
Published: January 2020

В данном препринте, открывающем серию работ, приводятся сведения об истории метода физического моделирования на установках геотехнических центрифугах (centrifuge modelling) получившего значительное развитие настоящее время в мире. Начало этого метода исследований которого исходит отчитывается от работ отечественных ученых в области геотехнических исследований, гидротехники, проектировании и эксплуатации железных дорог, горно-добывающей промышленности и др.
Mammoth Tusk Mining Industry in the Context of Interaction of Trade Capital and Indigenous Population (the 19th – 20th Centuries)
Authors:   Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Vasilyeva Olga Valeryevna
Published: January 2020

The paper studies the problem of interaction between merchantry and indigenous peoples of the North through the example of the mammoth tusk mining industry. This interaction is interpreted from the point of view of the ideas of K. Polanyi who considers that economy of traditional society is rooted in social matter and that market has the transformative influence. The paper shows that at the turn of the 19th century, the exchange relations in which the merchants and the indigenous population of the North of Yakutia were based on debt morality that builds onto the moral foundations of traditional society. Trade capital formed different forms of interaction with the two emerged types of organization of mammoth tusk mining industry, namely with artels (formed mainly out of Yakut people of sedentary lifestyle) and individual and collective collection of tusks as a by-product (mainly by alien nomadic people). The different types of interaction took into account reciprocal and redistributive forms of integration of these economies and characteristics of their moral standards. It is particularly noted, that the industry disappears not after the gradual reduction of demand for mammoth tusk and its substitution on the global ivory markets, but only with the cessation of trade relations built on the basis of debt morality.
Social Activity of British Africans (the 20th – Beginning of the 21st Centuries)
Authors:   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Karpov Grigory Alekseevich
Published: January 2020

Summary: The relevance of the study is due to the sharp increase in the number of migrants from Africa in Great Britain, the strengthening of their influence in modern public life and differences in expert assessments of this phenomenon. The topic is being developed for the first time in Russian historiography and is warranted in the system of the general problems of modern history. A wide list of English-language sources has been drawn. The historical facts of the emergence and development of African public organizations and movements in the UK are noted. The first few public organizations of British Africans originated long before the mass migration from the countries of the Afro-Asian region to Western Europe. Their organizational activities paved the way for the rise of the social movement of African migrants at the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries. The modern African diasporas of Great Britain are very active in social terms; over the past decades, several thousand organizations of various orientations have been created (charitable, human rights, educational, female, sport, youth, professional, consulting, etc.). The country’s authorities are encouraging social activity of migrants from Africa. The author believes that their influence in the UK will increase.
The Influence of Festivals and Folk Art Shows on the Development of Amateur Art in the 1960s–1970s (Case of the Northern Regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory)
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Selivanova Anastasia Alekseevna
Published: January 2020

The paper examines the process of the influence of all-union festivals, shows, folk art contests on the increase in the activity of amateur art groups. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of amateur art in the northern regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the era of developed socialism. The author focuses on the history of the formation of folk groups working in various genres of amateur performances: folk theaters, propaganda teams, choirs, song and dance ensembles. The characteristic of the system of state and public leadership of amateur and cultural work based on archival documents is given. The results and consequences of the process under consideration for the sphere of amateur art in the region are determined. The conclusion is made about the increase in the quantitative composition of creative teams and the increase in the quality level of performing skills. The conditions for the development of amateur performance within the framework of cultural policy are established on the example of the northern regions of the territory.
Catholics in Manchuria: a View from Poland
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Rodionova Ksenia Igorevna
Published: January 2020

During the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway, as well as during its operation, different categories of the population of the Russian Empire worked on Manchu lands. Among them were the Poles, who constituted the majority of the Catholic flock of Northeast China. Until the 1950s Polish Catholics lived in settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway. Until 1956, the only priests remaining in Manchuria served in Harbin. Returning to their homeland, the Poles began to publish works on life in China. Polish historiography began to take shape. In Russia, the topic of emigration in Manchuria began to be actively studied only in the 1990s. Russian and Polish studies developed independently of each other. This study is an attempt to acquaint the Russian scientific community with the achievements of Polish colleagues.
Kelapa dalam Catatan Arkeologi dan Historis: Upaya Pengembangan Kebijakan Tanaman Serba Guna
Authors: Koestoro Lucas Partanda
Published: January 2020

AbstractHistorical and archaeological sources in this article suggest the Indonesia's coconuts cultivation and varied uses of the tree parts, such as their flowers which produce sap (an ingredient of brown sugar and fermented palm wine), leaves for fish traps/breeding place, roofing materials, and banners. Copras, the main ingredient of oil making, butter, and soap, which are acquired from the coconut flesh, were used to be a worldwide export commodity in Indonesian pre-independence period. Once was only processed into copras, coconut flesh has now product varieties. Nowadays, the demand for coconut has soared but the production ironically is declining. As a matter of fact, Indonesia's coconut plantation is actually the largest in size in the world, yet the products are unfortunately not well-organized as strategic commodity. Furthermore, the plant production is so low that the supply suffers from it. The government seems to focus only on coconut palms, which is ironic due to the horrible environmental damaging effect caused by the exploitative land clearing for the plantations. Coconut palm plantations are mostly owned by rich business people, while the coconuts plantations belong to common people. Most of the people's coconut plantations have old and unproductive trees, which need replanting for the sake of the people welfare improvement.AbstrakSumber sejarah dan arkeologi yang diolah dalam artikel ini memperlihatkan masyarakat Indonesia sudah lama membudidayakan tanaman kelapa dan memanfaatkan berbagai bagian pohonnya. Diantaranya bunga kelapa yang menghasilkan nira (bahan baku gula merah dan tuak), daun kelapa dijadikan rumpon, atap, dan umbul-umbul. Kopra - bahan utama pembuatan minyak, mentega, dan sabun - diperoleh dari daging kelapa, dan sebelum Indonesia merdeka merupakan komoditas ekspor yang mendunia. Dahulu daging kelapa hanya diolah menjadi kopra, saat ini variasi produknya semakin beragam. Kebutuhan kelapa menjadi sangat tinggi, namun produksi kelapa malah cenderung berkurang. Areal tanaman kelapa Indonesia terluas di dunia, namun belum terkelola sebagai komoditas strategis. Produksi tanamannya rendah sehingga pasokan kelapa tidak maksimal. Pemerintah cenderung berfokus pada kelapa sawit, sementara diketahui bahwa perkebunan kelapa sawit yang belakangan banyak dibuka secara besar-besaran ditengarai memunculkan dampak lingkungan yang besar. Bila perkebunan kelapa sawit banyak dimiliki pengusaha kaya, sebagian besar perkebunan kelapa adalah milik rakyat. Sebagian besar perkebunan rakyat itu tanamannya tua dan tidak produktif lagi, sehingga peremajaan tanaman kelapa harus dilakukan bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat.