bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Nigerian Medical Doctors' Willingness to Practice in Foreign Countries
Authors: Ramalan Mansur A. , Garba Rayyan M.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Despite the poor doctor–patient ratio in Nigeria, which is far below the World Health Organization's recommendation, Nigerian doctors are known to contribute a significant proportion of the medical workforce in other countries, especially in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA).

Aim:

This study aimed to assess Nigerian medical doctors' willingness to practice in foreign countries, as well as the possible push and pull factors contributing to this brain drain.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 329 medical doctors were selected from a list of doctors who were attending the Annual Delegates Meeting of the Nigerian Medical Association, using a systematic random sampling technique. A semistructured self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the information from the selected respondents.

Results:

All selected respondents agreed to participate in the study. The mean age of the participants was 41.4 ± 6.3 years, 85.9% of them being males and 75.7% being Christians. About 36% of the respondents had medical fellowship, 31.6% were resident doctors, and 16.4% had only an MBBS degree. The median duration of practice was 12 years, and the median monthly income was N420,000.000. About 72.9% of the respondents were willing to practice in foreign countries if given the opportunity, 29.2% of whom preferred the USA, 25.1% preferred the UK, and 15.7 preferred Australia. Among those not willing to practice in foreign countries, 48.3% preferred working in Nigeria despite all the challenges and 32.2% was due to family and other personal reasons. Among those willing to practice in foreign countries, about 66.3% was due to poor financial incentives/working environment, 46.5% due to insecurity, and 38% due to inter-professional rivalry in the health sector. The following factors were found to be independent (intrinsic) determinants of willingness to practice in a foreign country: Geopolitical zone of origin, highest educational qualifications, duration of practice, and average monthly income.

Conclusion:

It is a big threat to the Nigerian health system for the majority of its doctors to be willing to leave the country. Hence, the need for governments at all levels to, as a matter of urgency, address the factors responsible for this drive.
Disclosure of Human Immune Deficiency Virus Status to Infected Children at a Tertiary Hospital in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Bilkisu , Oluchukwu John Alexander , Usman Nafisat Ohunene
Published: October 2021

Background:

With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are surviving into adolescence and adulthood. Disclosure of HIV-positive status is important for the life-long management of HIV. However, disclosing HIV-positive status is a challenging task due to the associated blame, shame, and potential stigma.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of disclosure to HIV-infected children and associated factors in a tertiary hospital in North-west Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. Fifty-two parents/caregivers were interviewed using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections: sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers, child's profile, and determinants of disclosure of HIV status. Data were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21, and results were presented using the tables. The Chi-square test was used to test for the association. Fisher's exact test was used where conditions for the Chi-square test were not met. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of disclosure of HIV-positive status to HIV-infected children was 32.7%. Children's age (P = 0.003) and their level of education (P = <0.001) had significant associations with the disclosure. The most common (9, 52.9%) reason given for disclosure was persistent questioning of caregivers about reasons for taking medication despite not being ill.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of HIV status disclosure to HIV-positive children was low in this study. Health-care workers can provide support to encourage and better prepare parents/caregivers for the process of disclosure.
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Authors: Oluleye Tunji S. , Babalola Yewande Olubunmi , Majekodunmi Oluwole Iyiola , Ijaduola Modupe A.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Sickle cell retinopathy is a recognized complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) which may lead to visual impairment or blindness. Despite this, many patients with SCD hemoglobinopathy SC and SS are unaware of their genotype, hence resulting in only occasional or no eye checks with possibilities of getting blind.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe the genotype awareness, pattern of presentation, and treatment of sickle cell retinopathy in Ibadan.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of the case notes of 64 patients with the diagnosis of sickle cell retinopathy seen over two years (January 2018 to December 2019). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, ophthalmic assessment, and treatment performed on patients were extracted onto pro forma. Information obtained included age, sex, sickle cell genotype, genotype awareness from their medical history, retinal findings using Goldberg classification, and treatment modalities for the patients. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software version 22. Analysis was done using proportions and percentages.

Results:

Medical records of 64 patients were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 39.05 ± 10.48 (range: 20–65) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. Sixty (93.8%) patients had genotype SC. Forty-six (71.8%) patients were aware of their genotype. Fifty-six patients presented with Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR) in the right eye, while 55 had PSR in the left eye. These spanned all the different grades of PSR. Treatment offered at the first visit included laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab), vitrectomy, and scleral buckle. At subsequent follow-up visits, detailed ocular examination on patients was done to look out for new/active lesions. If any of these lesions were found, repeat or additional treatment was offered to help stabilize and/or improve the best-corrected visual acuity of patients.

Conclusion:

This study has demonstrated high genotype awareness among the studied patients. Despite this high awareness, majority of our patients presented with varying stages of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. While our patients had more than one type of treatment, some defaulted due to lack of funds. Therefore, to improve the quality of life of SCD patients, it is essential for health-care providers and other stakeholders to design policies for sustainable and accessible eye care programs to avoiding needless blindness from sickle cell retinopathy.
Pattern and Outcome of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Managed at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Ishaku Cornelius Mahdi , Jawa Buba Kabaju , Maduagwu Stanley Monday , Hassan Auwal Bello , Lawan Aliyu , Rufa'i Adamu Ahmad , Oyeyemi Adetoyeje Yoonus
Published: October 2021

Background:

Understanding pattern and outcome of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) will inform better management which expectedly would improve prognosis and minimise complications.

Methods:

A retrospective study was carried out on all managed TSCI cases from January 2009 to December 2018. Sociodemographic characteristics, injury type, cause and complications were extracted from patients' registers and case folders. Descriptive statistics summarised the data, and Fisher's exact test analysed associations between variables.

Results:

Eighty-one cases met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Most cases (91.4%) were males, aged 18–39 years (65.4%) and were civil servants (37.0%). Road traffic accident (RTA) was the leading cause of injury (37.0%) and incomplete lesion predominated (69.1%). Cases referred for physiotherapy constituted 77.8%, only 14.8% of cases recovered without neurological deficits. On discharge, most patients were wheelchair bound (33.3%). Region of spine affected showed significant association with complications developed (P = 0.01). RTA caused more dead as a cause of injury was found to be significantly associated with outcome (P = 0.04). Referral for physiotherapy showed significant association with outcome (P = 0.01), so also, region of spine affected with outcome (0.01). The study found a significant association between type of injury and functional status (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:

The study concludes that young adults of working class were mostly affected, and RTA and gunshots injuries were the leading causes of TSCI. Findings such as the association found between regions of spine affect and complication developed on admission will help healthcare providers identify those susceptible and offer prompt preventive measures.
Effect of Voice Reminder on Compliance with Recommended Hand Hygiene Practise among Health-care Workers in Kano Metropolis
Authors: Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Gajida Auwal Umar , Garba Rayyan Muhammad , Gadanya Muktar Ahmed , Umar Amina Abdullahi , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Adamu Aishatu Lawan , Ismai Fatimah , Tsiga-Ahmed  , Gwarzo Dalha Halliru , Abdussalam Kabiru , Danzomo Abba Ahmed , Aliyu Muhammed Sani , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed
Published: October 2021

Background:

Poor compliance with recommended hand hygiene practise by health-care workers is an emerging public health threat associated with significant morbidity, mortality and spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

Objective:

This study assessed the effect of voice reminder on compliance with recommended hand hygiene practise among the baseline, and post-intervention compliance with recommended hand hygiene among health-care workers using the WHO checklist for observation of 5-moments of hand hygiene of health-care workers in Kano.

Methods:

Quasi-experimental study design was used. A total of 408 (204 in each arm) baseline and post-intervention observations were conducted in two hospitals in Kano, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Voice reminders were installed in the intervention hospital, and post-intervention observation was conducted 3 months after introducing a voice reminder. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. Relationship between variables was tested using χ2 and McNemar's test within the groups at 0.05 α-level of significance.

Results:

Baseline compliance with hand hygiene in the intervention and control hospitals were 31.4% and 48.0%, respectively. Post-intervention compliance in the intervention and control hospitals were found to be 78.0% and 65.2%, respectively. Voice reminder improved compliance with hand hygiene practise when compared with baseline by +148% (P# = 0.3) in the intervention hospital compared with +36% (P# =0.1) in the control hospital. The differences were not statistically significant post-intervention when compared with the baseline.

Conclusions:

Voice reminder intervention improved hand hygiene compliance among health-care workers in the intervention hospital compared with the control hospital. Voice reminders should be provided in the hospitals by stakeholders. This can help in improving compliance with hand hygiene among health-care workers and reducing the burden of hospital-acquired infections due to the hands of health-care workers.
A Survey of the use of Tourniquet among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Nigeria
Authors: Ajibade Adesina , Oladipo Olusegun Michael , Lawal Ya'u Zakari , Oluwadiya Kehinde Sunday
Published: October 2021

Background:

The modern arterial tourniquet is an automatic tourniquet system which contains many features that help to minimise complications and improve safety. However, the non-pneumatic tourniquet is still in use, a practice that may be commoner in resource-constrained settings. This study was conducted to investigate the types of tourniquet available and used by orthopaedic surgeons in Nigeria as well as the practical aspects and complications of their use of the tourniquet.

Materials and Methods:

At an Annual General Meeting/Scientific Conference of Nigerian Orthopaedic Association, a survey was conducted among orthopaedic surgeons using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire which contained questions on types of tourniquet, practical aspects of the use of tourniquet and complications.

Results:

The non-pneumatic tourniquet was usually used by 60.2% of the respondents and 58.1% of those who had both pneumatic and non-pneumatic tourniquets used the latter more commonly. In most cases, the tourniquet was applied by surgeons or surgical residents on the arm or thigh. Surgeons who had ever used the tourniquet in diabetic patients were 71.6% while 29.5% had used it in patients with sickle cell disease. Tourniquet duration was usually 1½ h and 2 h in the upper and lower limbs, respectively. The two most common complications were tourniquet palsy and tourniquet pain.

Conclusions:

The non-pneumatic tourniquet was more commonly used than the pneumatic tourniquet. Application of the tourniquet on sites other than the thigh and the upper arm were uncommon. The most common complication was neurologic injury.
Incidental Intra-Operative Finding of a Rare Uterine Fusion Abnormality in a Primigravida with Breech Presentation at Term
Authors: Ezeike Azuka Chinweokwu , Liman Idris Mohammed , Babandi Rukayya Muhammad , Austin-Amadi Elizabeth Obebhatein , Dantata Hafsa Aminu , Ubani Felix Ugo
Published: October 2021

Uterine malformations are often asymptomatic but can be associated with a wide range of reproductive problems. We report a case of uterine fusion defect diagnosed intra-operatively in a 20-year-old primigravida who had elective caesarean section at term on account of breech presentation at term. Intraoperative findings included a cone-shaped uterus with narrowed fundus and the appendages emerging at the fundus and lower uterine segment on the right and left respectively. This is a rare fusion defect and makes a case for review of the existing uterine malformation classification systems, to make it all encompassing.
Elements of uniformly bounded word-length in groups
Authors: Amirou Yanis
Published: October 2021

We study a characteristic subgroup of finitely generated groups, consisting of elements with uniform upper bound for word-lengths. For a group

G

, we denote this subgroup by

G_\mathrm{bound}

. We give sufficient criteria for triviality and finiteness of

G_\mathrm{bound}

. We prove that if

G

is virtually abelian then

G_\mathrm{bound}

is finite. In contrast with numerous examples where

G_\mathrm{bound}

is trivial, we show that for every finite group

A

, there exists an infinite group

G

with

G_\mathrm{bound}=A

. This group

G

can be chosen among torsion groups. We also study the group

G_\mathrm{bound}(d)

of elements with uniformly bounded word-lengths for generating sets of cardinality less than

d

.
Un mémoire inédit de Lagrange sur le développement successif des courbes
Authors: Henry Philippe
Published: October 2021

La Bibliothèque de l’Institut de France (Paris) conserve le témoignage de l’intérêt de Lagrange pour un théorème de Johann Bernoulli généralisé par Euler qui fait intervenir les courbes cycloïdales. Dans ce travail, nous reconstruisons le contexte historique ainsi que les résultats nécessaires pour la lecture du mémoire de Lagrange. Nous montrons que les séries de Fourier constituent l’outil idoine pour aborder la question traitée. Le texte du travail de Lagrange, retranscrit et annoté, est publié pour la première fois.
The homeomorphism group of the first uncountable ordinal
Authors: Gheysens Maxime
Published: October 2021

We show that the topology of pointwise convergence on scattered spaces is compatible with the group structure of their homeomorphism group. We then establish a few topological properties of the homeomorphism group of the first uncountable ordinal, such as amenability and Roelcke-precompactness.
Dynamics and structure of groups of homeomorphisms of scattered spaces
Authors: Gheysens Maxime
Published: October 2021

We study the topological structure and the topological dynamics of groups of homeomorphisms of scattered spaces. For a large class of them (including the homeomorphism group of any ordinal space or of any locally compact scattered space), we establish Roelcke-precompactness and amenability, classify all closed normal subgroups and compute the universal minimal flow. As a by-product, we classify up to isomorphism the homeomorphism groups of compact ordinal spaces.
Global Properties of Vector Fields on Compact Lie Groups in Komatsu Classes
Authors: Kirilov Alexandre , de Moraes Wagner A. A. , Ruzhansky Michael
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we characterize completely the global hypoellipticity and global solvability in the sense of Komatsu (of Roumieu and Beurling types) of constant-coefficient vector fields on compact Lie groups. We also analyze the influence of perturbations by lower-order terms in the preservation of these properties.
Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Anti-Zika Virus Immunoglobulin
Authors: White Jane , Tunga Priya , Anderson Deborah M. , Iledan Ken , Loreth Tobi , Parrera Geraldine S. , Astacio Hugo , Drobic Bojan , Richardson Jason S.
Published: October 2021

Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted primarily through infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. ZIKV infection during pregnancy was linked to adverse fetal/infant outcomes, including microcephaly, brain anomalies, ocular disorders, intrauterine growth restriction, and other congenital malformations. Human anti-Zika virus immunoglobulin (ZIKV-Ig) is being developed for prophylaxis of ZIKV in at-risk populations, including women of childbearing potential and pregnant women. A phase 1 single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single 50.0-mL ZIKV-Ig intravenous dose in healthy adult male or non-pregnant female subjects 18 to 55 years of age. Subjects received either ZIKV-Ig (n = 19) or saline placebo (n = 11). Safety was evaluated based on adverse events (AEs), laboratory test results, physical examinations, and vital signs. Overall, there were 11 subjects (36.7%) with treatment-related AEs including eight subjects (42.1%) in the ZIKV-Ig group and three subjects (27.3%) in the placebo group. Of the AEs considered treatment related, three subjects (15.8%) experienced headache (mild). There were no serious AEs, no deaths, and no discontinuations resulting from AEs. Overall, the safety profile of ZIKV-Ig in this study population of healthy adult subjects appeared to be safe and well tolerated. The results of the pharmacokinetic analysis determined that ZIKV-Ig had a maximum observed concentration of 182.3 U/mL (coefficient of variation, 21.3%), the time at which Cmax occurred of 2.3 hours ± 1.0 (SD), an area under the concentration–time curve0–∞ of 77,224 h × U/mL (coefficient of variation, 17.9%), and a half-life of 28.1 days, which is similar to other human-derived commercial Ig intravenous products.
Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech in Ethiopia: Observations (Amharic)
Authors: Degol Aron , Mulugeta Bebizuh
Published: October 2021

Freedom of expression is one of the human rights enshrined under International human right instruments. However, hate speech in the course of exercising this right has the potential to pose threats on the peace and security of nations and wellbeing of individuals. This has brought about arguments in favor of limitations to expression and against the limitations owing to unintended adverse impact of such limitations in the exercise of freedom of expression. In the Ethiopian case, ‘Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation No. 1185/ 2020’ has been enacted.  The Proclamation indicates prohibited acts of hate speech and its exceptions. In particular, the generic terms contained in the definition given to ‘hate speech’ need to be carefully examined. However, the implications of provisions that set exceptions to ‘hate speech’ in the new law have not yet been subject to adequate academic discourse. This article examines these issues. By consulting different international human rights instruments, experience of other countries and scholarly literature, the article examines the appropriateness, constitutionality and implications of the Proclamation on the right to freedom of expression. Moreover, it indicates potential challenges that the exceptions will pose on the process of implementing the Proclamation in real court cases.
Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Knowledge about the Potential of Tasks to Promote Students’ Mathematical Reasoning
Authors: Oliveira Hélia , Henriques Ana
Published: October 2021

The use of tasks to promote mathematical reasoning (MR) in teaching practice is essential to meet curricular goals. However, that practice is often a huge challenge for teachers, and particularly for prospective teachers and thus it is essential to highlight it as a goal for initial teacher education. This study focuses on preservice mathematics teachers’ (PTs) knowledge about the potential of mathematical tasks to promote students’ MR, in a teacher education course. Results show that PTs were able to justify their option for a mathematical task with potential to promote students’ MR, and through its implementation in one 8th grade classroom they have deepen their knowledge and gave greater meaning to task design principles and acknowledging their students’ knowledge. Thus, the activity of selecting and adapting a task, although less demanding than the design of a new task, can still provide PT with important reflection and knowledge about its potential to promote students’ MR. The study stresses the relevance for initial teacher education of considering four domains associated with the recognition of the potential of tasks to promote MR.
Historias de rebelión y castigo. El aborto en Ecuador en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Goetschel Ana María
Published: October 2021

En este fascinante recorrido por los archivos desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX, Ana María Goetschel recupera la historia del aborto en Ecuador para mostrarnos los casos y los debates jurídicos, médicos y de orden político, religioso y moral entonces dominantes. Descubre que, desde inicios de la República, las mujeres que abortaban y quienes practicaban el aborto constaban en los códigos penales, pero pocas fueron enjuiciadas y encarceladas, pues la mayoría de los casos se resolvían en la esfera doméstica. Fue solo a partir de la aplicación del Código Integral Penal de 2014 cuando las mujeres, sobre todo las más pobres que acudían a los hospitales públicos, pasaron a ser judicializadas y hasta encarceladas por decidir sobre sus cuerpos. En pleno siglo XXI, el poder jurídico, religioso y político masculino hegemónico sigue definiendo el destino reproductivo de las mujeres y sus vidas, aunque, gracias al trabajo incesante del movimiento de mujeres, poco a poco este delito va siendo removido del Código Penal ecuatoriano. Una lectura indispensable, una forma de saldar la deuda con el pasado y un gran aporte que alimenta los procesos actuales en los que el feminismo ecuatoriano camina con paso firme hacia la autonomía personal y la utopía de la libertad reproductiva completa, del derecho a tomar decisiones soberanas en cualquier circunstancia y no solo en los casos de violación. Virginia Gómez de la Torre Fundación Desafío
Geschichtsmontagen: Zum Zusammenhang von Geschichtskonzeption und Text-Modell bei Walter Benjamin und Alexander Kluge
Authors: Fischer Kai Lars
Published: October 2021

Geschichte wird nicht gemacht, sondern sie wird geschrieben. Daher können historische Ereignisse und Prozesse sowohl zu Gegenständen literarischer als auch historiographischer Repräsentationen werden. Seit der Antike besteht jedoch ein Konkurrenzverhältnis zwischen Literatur und Geschichtsschreibung, das die poetologische Tradition genauso geprägt hat wie das Selbstverständnis der Geschichtswissenschaft. Die historischen Erfahrungen der Moderne haben dabei die Möglichkeit einer angemessenen Darstellung von Geschichte zunehmend infrage gestellt. Mit Walter Benjamin und Alexander Kluge widmet sich der vorliegende Band zwei Autoren, die neuartige Text-Modelle auf der Grundlage von Montage-Verfahren entwickelt haben. Während Geschichte früher einfach erzählt werden konnte, wird sie bei Benjamin und Kluge zu einem flexiblen Arrangement historischen Materials. Ein solches Verfahren impliziert die Absage an eine Sinn verheißende, überhistorische und definitive Perspektive und weist sich selbst als geschichtlich kontingent und korrigierbar aus. Dem liegt die Auffassung zugrunde, dass Geschichte niemals zu Ende geschrieben sein kann, sondern als Möglichkeit zum Widerspruch offen gehalten werden muss.
A Non Experimental Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding the Different Types of Covid-19 Vaccines in India among Nursing Students
Authors: S Ramaprasad
Published: October 2021

Introduction: This decade considered to be the most horrible and challenging decades ever seen, in spite of many preexisting challenges and problems the whole world suffers from an unknown and new health issue in the name of CORONA famously reffered as COVID-19. This corona Virus Disease 2019 was sudden outbreak in one of the cities of china called WUHAN in 2019.
Methods and Materials: The study was conducted by using a carefully defined tool of demographic variables and a set of knowledge questionnaire. The 230 samples responded accordingly and the scores were given for the correct responses.
Results and Findings: The result of the research was based on the statistical analysis and interpretation of the results. Among the 230 samples near half of the samples (n=114) has knowledge below median (49.56%) and (n=116) has knowledge more than median score (50.43). the median score was 14. The range was set from 4-25. The minimum score taken by the samples is 4 and the maximum was 25. Hence this research strongly support that the nursing students need to have a evidenced based knowledge training sessions in their respective educational institutions to promote the public towards vaccination against covid-19. There was no significant association was found with selected demographical variables.
Conclusion: The human race suffered a strange and deadliest disease called COVID-19 in this decade. After successful and researchful evidences the world and India come up with a great precautionary act called vaccines to the covid-19. The health care worker faced a problem in understanding the vaccine efficacy and the truth about the vaccines. so researcher found extreme need of identifying the knowledge of student nurses regarding the covid vaccines. By this researcher strongly suggest the training of nursing students regarding vaccines.
The role of a sports psychologist in competition trainin
Authors: Nicolescu Alexandra-Cristina
Published: October 2021

Psychological training of athletes for competitions is intended to "develop the ability to self-regulate mental states and training and competition conducts" [7, p. 318], mental training programme including, among other things: relaxation and visualization techniques [8; 11; 17], goals setting [8; 11; 12; 17], as well as growing self-confidence [4; 10; 13; 19; 21].
El juego de los abalorios: del Último Teorema de Fermat a los Solitones Ópticos
Authors: Fujioka Jorge , Rodríguez Alfredo Gómez , Cerón Áurea Espinosa
Published: October 2021

Siguiendo la idea del Juego de los Abalorios (de Hermann Hesse), en este trabajo investigamos qué relación existe entre el último Teorema de Fermat (UTF) y los solitones ópticos. Para encontrar esta relación examinamos los pasos principales que condujeron a la demostración del UTF, empezando por la conjetura de Taniyama-Shimura, y pasando por las contribuciones de Hellegouarch, Frey y Ribet, hasta llegar al trabajo de Wiles. Posteriormente examinamos algunas de las ecuaciones que describen a los solitones ópticos. De este análisis se desprende que las curvas elípticas constituyen el puente que relaciona ambos temas. Veremos, además, que las ecuaciones que describen solitones ópticos también podrían tener alguna relación con la criptografía. Finalmente veremos que los resultados encontrados en este trabajo nos permiten proponer 2 conjeturas que constituyen temas de investigación para el futuro.

 

Following the idea of the Glass Bead Game (by Hermann Hesse), in this work we investigate what relation exists between Fermat´s Last Theorem (FLT) and the optical solitons. To find such a relationship we examine the principal steps which lead to the demonstration of FLT, starting from Taniyama-Shimura´s conjecture, then paying attention to the contributions of Hellegouarch, Frey and Ribet, and finally the work of Wiles. Then we examine some of the equations which describe optical solitons. From this analysis it follows that the elliptic curves constitute the bridge that connects both topics. Moreover, we will observe that the equations which describe optical solitons might also be related to cryptography. Finally, we will see that the results found in this communication permit us to propose 2 conjectures that constitute research topics for future works.
Aspecto para implantação de sistemas de reúso de águas cinzas em comunidades rurais no Estado do Ceará – estudo de caso: Projeto São José III
Authors: Santos Filha Maria Elizabete Carvalho dos , Araújo Maria Tacianne Lima
Published: October 2021

A escassez hídrica é uma das principais características da região semiárida, aliada ao clima quente, altas taxas de evapotranspiração e irregularidade de chuva no tempo e no espaço que contribuem na redução da disponibilidade de água, resultando assim, em um quadro preocupante. A estiagem que atinge todo sertão nordestino, em especial, a região cearense, fortalece a necessidade de revermos alguns paradigmas relacionados ao uso de água. Um deles diz respeito à sua reutilização, promovendo assim, uma segunda utilização da água, liberando água de qualidade superior para usos nobres e gerando economia desse bem e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzindo o impacto ambiental. Ao reutilizarmos as águas cinzas, que antes eram desperdiçadas e utilizando para fins agrícolas, gerando economia hídrica e trazendo alimentos com valor nutricional para o cardápio das famílias da zona rural. A Secretaria do Desenvolvimento Agrário por meio do Projeto São José, implantou no Estado do Ceará 15 sistemas de reuso de águas cinzas para fins agrícolas, na busca de alternativas hídricas, como o reúso de águas cinzas, ajudando a convivência do homem do campo com a seca e fortalecendo o desenvolvimento rural sustentável no Estado do Ceará. O estudo visa a abordar de forma sucinta todo o processo que envolveu a implantação dos sistemas de reúso de águas cinzas, desde a sensibilização e capacitação nas comunidades e famílias atendidas pelo Projeto até a sua implantação, manejo agroecológico e monitoramento.
Konseptualisasi Peran Strategis pada Pendidikan Literasi Keuangan Syariah Anak Melalui Pendekatan Systematic Review di TK RA Al-Mu’min Gunung Putri
Authors: Nabila Amalia , Devi Abrista , Indriya Indriya
Published: October 2021

Children have good potential so that they can develop through interaction activities with the surrounding environment. Children can also determine Islamic financial products and services according to their needs, understand the benefits and risks, understand their rights and obligations, and believe that the selected service products can improve children's welfare in accordance with Halal principles and are profitable. Sharia law. Islamic financial literacy, meaning knowledge, skills and beliefs that can influence and improve the quality of financial management decisions to achieve prosperity. with faith, morality, and sharia. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the appropriate role of the relevant parties. The research method conceptually explores the strategic role of various related parties in the development of Islamic financial literacy education among early ages. Sources of information varied with interviews and utilized additional information as logical examination articles, books and applicable reports. The examination is calculated by the systematic review method. Children need Islamic financial literacy education because they need support and direction from each of the four conceptual strategic roles in order to achieve Islamic financial literacy from an early age.
Analisis Rasio Keuangan untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan
Authors: Destiani Tya , Hendriyani Rina Maria
Published: October 2021

This study aims to analyze financial ratios with industry standard financial ratios used in the form of liquidity ratios, solvability ratios, and profitability ratios as a measuring tool for assessing the financial performance of Ltd Unilever Indonesia Plc. This research uses descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The type of data used is secondary data, namely the financial statements of Ltd Unilever Indonesia Plc from 2016 to 2020. The data source used is internal data in the form of company profiles of Ltd Unilever Indonesia Plc. Data collection techniques in the form of library research and data analysis techniques in the form of descriptive. The results show that the financial performance of Ltd Unilever Indonesia Plc based on the liquidity ratio is not good because it is still below the financial ratio industry standard. Based on the solvability ratio, the company's financial performance is not good because the results are far below the industry standard of financial ratios. And based on the profitability ratios, the company's financial performance is very good because the results are above the industry standard financial ratios.
Urgensi Pertemuan dan Presentasi Dalam Organisasi Bisnis
Authors: Asmara Gita Islya , Erdina Nita , Ariza Rizki Ananda , Suhairi Suhairi
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify how to important it is to implement meeting and presentation management in improving quality and effectiveness in business organization. In the business world, there two important things in a running a business. First, a meeting or a meeting where is more of an activity that becomes a means for exchanging data and information, a place to dialogue ideas and concepts, and a place for the exchange of ideas through productive discussions. Any business organization will need fresh and creative new ideas and important information exchange. Second, in every meeting or meeting requires the delivery of information or a good presentation in general, the presentation is done to persuade, inform, motivate or inspire other. Presentations and meetings is an important thing that must be prepared if you are in the business world. The success or failure of a business is influenced by the way we prepare meetings and presentations. So, don’t ever underestimate the issue of this meetings and presentations because this is where all members of business organization in the discussion voice their opinion and ideas. Therefore, it is important for the author to convey two things that are very meaningful in the business world to be developed in you.
Analisis Konten Aqidah pada Poster Digital di Akun Instagram @Mudaberdakwah
Authors: Zakiyah Maulida , Anggrayni Dewi , Hamdani Ikhwan
Published: October 2021

The development of Technology and Information which is now increasingly sophisticated and growing rapidly so that people are required to be able to choose and determine the information needed or information that is more universal or comprehensive. itself, several social media sites have been introduced and become popular all over the world. These types of social media are Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Linkedin, Instagram, Whatsapp, etc. Each social media certainly has its own purpose for its users to share their experiences, ideas, or life moments. Instagram is the social media most interested in by the Indonesian people, number 2 after Facebook, the largest number of Instagram users in Asia Pacific. Seeing from the side of the advantages of Instagram, it returns to the user when using Instagram with positive things, of course the information that will be received will be positive, but it is another thing if the user uses Instagram media with negative things, the things he will receive will be negative. That's why people need to use this media properly and appropriately. Da'wah accounts are also popping up on Instagram. Spreading Islamic religious messages is packaged very attractively in order to attract modern society, because with a new place to preach, now Instagram social media can be a promising target or target. Because of that, not a few people have come to know and learn about the religion of Islam with these da'wah accounts on Instagram. Da'wah packaged in the form of digital posters can be called da'wah which aims to convey information or messages packaged through social media, besides that also related to making or choosing signs and arranging them in the form of images to convey an idea, one of the results is a poster or leaflet where the poster is a medium that can make everyone interested  also does not require a lot of money. large and also fast and efficient in conveying an idea and a message of kindness.
Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Anak Perspektif Pendidikan Islam Menurut Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah
Authors: Makmudi Makmudi
Published: October 2021

The main problem that causes character crises in children is not making faith a philosophical basis in education. So that has implications for the euphoria of excessive freedom. The child's success is only seen from the point of view of the child's academic success. Meanwhile, ethical, moral, and character values ​​have received less serious attention. Therefore, although students excel in terms of their intelligence quotient (IQ), but emotionally quotient (EQ) children experience a very worrying character crisis. In this context, the existence of children's character education is considered very important for the next generation of the nation as an integral part of life and life. The purpose of writing this research is to find out and analyze the thoughts of Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah about the concept of character education for children from the perspective of Islamic education. Children's character education is considered important, because in Islam morality or character is the realization of religious values ​​that collect all goodness and is the foundation of all goodness and the key to achieving all goodness. Education has three elements that exist in humans, namely physical (psychomotor) elements which include body development, skills (skills) and sexual education, spiritual (affective) elements which include fostering faith, morals and irada (will), reason (cognitive) elements. which includes the development of intelligence and the provision of knowledge. The process of character education according to Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah focuses on four important things, namely: 1. The importance of introducing children to monotheism to Allah, 2. The need to teach children the basics of religious teachings, 3. Teaching and familiarizing children with good ethics and morals, 4. Exemplary, 5. Educational praise and punishment.
Penerapan Metode Al-Hira’ Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadis di Kelas VII MTs Babussalam Besilam
Authors: YM Khairuddin
Published: October 2021

This study using Al-Hira method to find out and improve seventh grade’s student ability in reading Qur’an especially at MTS Babussalam, Besilam. The subject of this study were 38 of the seventh grade’s student of mts Babussalam Besilam. The aim of this study is to know and increase the student ability in read Qur’an using Al-Hira method. Before Applying Al-Hira method the student ability in read Qur’an still categorized as underprivileged, such as unable to recognize hijaiyah and cannot connect the words of hijaiyah letters. The result was taken from interviews, observations, and student pretest. Sixteen students was pass the test with 42,10% of classical completeness and twenty two student wasn’t pass the test with 57,89% of classical completeness, with 64,73% of average. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) with two cycles. The data was collected by test method and observation in the end of the cycle to find out the improvement of student ability in reading Qur’an using Al-Hira method. After collected and analized the data, twenty four student (63.15%) was pass the test and fourteen student (36.84%) wasn’t pass the test with 73,68% of average in cycle 1. Thirty two student was pass with 84,21% classical completeness. It’s shows, there is 20.78% of classical improvement. Based on the result, it can be conclude that the application of Al-Hira method can improve student ability of reading Qur’an at Al-Qur’an Hadist Subject in seventh grade student of MTS Babussalam, Besilam.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Modifikasi Terbimbing Siswa Kelas Viii MTs Swasta Nurul Iman Kecamatan Hinai
Authors: Ahmad Fatimah , Syahfitri Diani , Aulia Tri
Published: October 2021

Efforts to improve student learning outcomes through a modified learning model guided by class VIII MTs. Private Nurul Iman Hinai District. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII MTs. Private Nurul Iman, Hinai District, totaled 30 people. This study uses the classroom action research method with 4 stages commonly used in classroom action research, namely planning, implementation, observation, reflection which are summarized in cycles and in this study carried out in cycle II. As for the results of teaching and learning activities in the initial observation there are still learning outcomes that have not been maximized. In the first cycle there were research results of students who achieved learning mastery individually as many as 19 students or 63%, while 11 students or 37% had not achieved learning mastery. While in the second cycle with the results of 100% students achieve complete learning individually and are able to express opinions in discussions and analyze the problems they face and are able to solve them well. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of guided modified learning models in the learning process can improve student learning outcomes for class VIII MTs. Private Nurul Iman Hinai District.
Pengaruh Minat Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Ma’mun Syukron , Suryana Agus , Kurnia Nia
Published: October 2021

This study aims to: 1) obtain data on the understanding of the science of recitation of the santri at the Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency; 2) obtaining data on the ability to memorize the Al-Quran of Santri at Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency; 3) find out the correlation between the understanding of tajwid and the ability to memorize Al-Quran of students at the Al-Hidayah Islamic boarding school, Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency. The total research population is 100 people. Samples were taken using a simple random sample technique of 30 respondents. The research approach uses quantitative methods. The technique  of collecting data used a written test and a practical test. Data analysis technique, to determine the correlation of variable X (understanding of tajwid science) with variable Y (ability to memorize Al-Quran) using Pearson Product Moment correlation test technique. The calculated r index is 0.703, which is greater than r table = 0.361, which is significant. This means that the understanding of tajwid has a correlation with the ability to memorize the Qur'an. The KD index (Determinant Coefficient) is 49.42% which indicates that the X variable (understanding of recitation science) contributes 42.12% to the Y variable (the ability to memorize the Quran), and the remaining 50.58% is determined by other factors .

 

 

 

 

Nia Kurnia

 IAI Nasional Laa Roiba
Lingkungan Keluarga dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Rois Ajun , Munawaroh Dinatul
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine whether there is an influence of the family environment on students' learning motivation at MI Al-Khoeriyah Cigudeg, Bogor Regency. The research sample was fifth grade students at MI Al-Khoeriyah. Research data were collected using questionnaires and documentation techniques. The research instrument used a questionnaire for the family environment and for learning motivation. The data analysis technique used a simple linear regression test and the interpretation of the data was carried out in a deductive narrative. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between variable X (family environment) and variable Y (student learning motivation) of 0.617. The significance level obtained is a significant value of 0.002 which is smaller than = 0.050 (one-tailed test or one-tailed test), so Ho: ρ = 0 is rejected. This means that there is a significant relationship between the family environment and the learning motivation of students at MI Al-Khoeriyah Cigudeg, Bogor Regency. The form of a simple linear regression equation is obtained = 47.122 + 0.205X. Based on the value of R square, the regression equation can be explained that 38.1% of the variance of student motivation at MI Al-Khoeriyah Cigudeg Bogor Regency can be explained by changes in the family environment.
Kecerdasan Spiritual Santri Melalui Puasa
Authors: Ali Agus , Ahmad EQ Nurwadjah , Suhartini Andewi
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the spiritual intelligence of students through fasting. This type of research is qualitative. The approach chosen by the author is phenomenology. Determination of data sources in this study according to the information obtained in the form of words and documents that are presented and described as they are and examined in order to find meaning. The researcher acts directly as an instrument and as a data collector from the results of observations, interviews and documentation. The results of this study are students who carry out Ramadan fasting at the Ummul Quro Al-Islami Islamic boarding school feel a different spiritual spirit from the previous months. Santri are more enthusiastic in reading the Qur'an, more enthusiastic in praying in congregation, getting up at night for tahajjud prayer, sharing food sincerely, especially when breaking the fast, patiently waiting for the Maghrib call to prayer, feeling supervised by Allah in fasting so that they are more honest with themselves. and there are still many positive values ​​that are felt. As for some of the wisdom of fasting as follows; fasting makes a person able to gain degrees of piety, fasting increases faith, fasting can train one's sincerity, fasting gives peace of mind, fasting trains a person to always feel the presence of Allah, fasting trains patience, fasting educates someone to have high social empathy, fasting educates someone to have a soul big, and fasting trains honesty.