bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case study: Seismic resolution and reservoir characterization of thin sands using multiattribute analysis and bandwidth extension in the Daqing field, China
Authors: Mora David , Castagna John , Meza Ramses , Chen Shumin , Jiang Renqi
Published: October 2019

The Daqing field, located in the Songliao Basin in northeastern China, is the largest oil field in China. Most production in the Daqing field comes from seismically thin sand bodies with thicknesses between 1 and 15 m. Thus, it is not usually possible to resolve Daqing reservoirs using only conventional seismic data. We have evaluated the effectiveness of seismic multiattribute analysis of bandwidth extended data in resolving and making inferences about these thin layers. Multiattribute analysis uses statistical methods or neural networks to find relationships between well data and seismic attributes to predict some physical property of the earth. This multiattribute analysis was applied separately to conventional seismic data and seismic data that were spectrally broadened using sparse-layer inversion because this inversion method usually increases the vertical resolution of the seismic. Porosity volumes were generated using target porosity logs and conventional seismic attributes, and isofrequency volumes were obtained by spectral decomposition. The resulting resolution, statistical significance, and accuracy in the determination of layer properties were higher for the predictions made using the spectrally broadened volume.
Incidence of Late Relapses in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Trastuzumab: Combined Analysis of NCCTG N9831 (Alliance) and NRG Oncology/NSABP B-31
Authors: Chumsri Saranya , Li Zhuo , Serie Daniel J. , Mashadi-Hossein Afshin , Colon-Otero Gerardo , Song Nan , Pogue-Geile Katherine L. , Gavin Patrick G. , Paik Soonmyung , Moreno-Aspitia Alvaro , Perez Edith A. , Thompson E. Aubrey
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

Recent trials have shown potential benefit of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy and relatively high risk of recurrence (RoR) after 5 years in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2−) breast cancer. Although risk of late relapse in HR+ HER2− breast cancer is fairly well defined, the risk in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy remains largely unknown.

METHODS

We included 3,177 patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone or with trastuzumab from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00005970 ) and National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-31 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00004067 ) trials.

RESULTS

Overall, HR+ breast cancer was significantly associated with improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) during the first 5 years (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.77; P < .001). Among patients treated with trastuzumab, cumulative hazard for RFS was lower in patients with HR+ HER2+ breast cancer during the first 5 years (10.96% v 17.48%; hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.79; P < .001). However, there was no significant difference in RFS based on HR status during years 5 to 10 (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.88; P = .12). A comparable degree of trastuzumab benefit was observed in HR+ and HR− breast cancers ( P for interaction = .87). Furthermore, we observed low RoR in years 5 to 10 among patients with HR+ HER2+ breast cancer: 3.23% in patients without lymph node involvement (N0) and 6.39% in patients with involvement of one to three lymph nodes (N1).

CONCLUSION

The benefit of adjuvant trastuzumab persists for a long time. A distinct pattern of recurrence was observed between HR+ and HR− HER2+ disease but with similar degree of benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab. RoR in years 5 to 10 in HR+ HER2+ breast cancer is low, particularly in patients with N0 or N1 disease.
Bone and Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Risk in Long‐Term Survivors of Hereditary Retinoblastoma Treated With Radiation
Authors: Kleinerman Ruth A. , Schonfeld Sara J. , Sigel Byron S. , Wong-Siegel Jeannette R. , Gilbert Ethel S. , Abramson David H. , Seddon Johanna M. , Tucker Margaret A. , Morton Lindsay M.
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

Survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma have excellent survival but substantially increased risks of subsequent bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, particularly after radiotherapy. Comprehensive investigation of sarcoma risk patterns would inform clinical surveillance for survivors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In a cohort of 952 irradiated survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma who were originally diagnosed during 1914 to 2006, we quantified sarcoma risk with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and cumulative incidence analyses. We conducted analyses separately for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas occurring in the head and neck (in/near the radiotherapy field) versus body and extremities (out of field).

RESULTS

Of 105 bone and 124 soft-tissue sarcomas, more than one half occurred in the head and neck (bone, 53.3%; soft tissue, 51.6%), one quarter in the body and extremities (bone, 29.5%; soft tissue, 25.0%), and approximately one fifth in unknown/unspecified locations (bone, 17.1%; soft tissue, 23.4%). We noted substantially higher risks compared with the general population for head and neck versus body and extremity tumors for both bone (SIR, 2,213; 95% CI, 1,671 to 2,873 v SIR, 169; 95% CI, 115 to 239) and soft-tissue sarcomas (SIR, 542; 95% CI, 418 to 692 v SIR, 45.7; 95% CI, 31.1 to 64.9). Head and neck bone and soft-tissue sarcomas were diagnosed beginning in early childhood and continued well into adulthood, reaching a 60-year cumulative incidence of 6.8% (95% CI, 5.0% to 8.7%) and 9.3% (95% CI, 7.0% to 11.7%), respectively. In contrast, body and extremity bone sarcoma incidence flattened after adolescence (3.5%; 95% CI, 2.3% to 4.8%), whereas body and extremity soft-tissue sarcoma incidence was rare until age 30, when incidence rose steeply (60-year cumulative incidence, 6.6%; 95% CI, 4.1% to 9.2%), particularly for females (9.4%; 95% CI, 5.1% to 13.8%).

CONCLUSION

Strikingly elevated bone and soft-tissue sarcoma risks differ by age, location, and sex, highlighting important contributions of both radiotherapy and genetic susceptibility. These data provide guidance for the development of a risk-based screening protocol that focuses on the highest sarcoma risks by age, location, and sex.
Memorializing Sorrow in Frances Burney’s “Consolatory Extracts”
Authors: Havens Hilary
Published: October 2019

After her beloved sister Susan died on 6 January 1800, Frances Burney wrote several grieving letters, but her ordinarily voluminous journals and letters were markedly scant during the year 1800. Burney expressed her grief later and elsewhere, particularly in her little-known commonplace book, “Consolatory Extracts occasioned by the tragic death of her sister Susan Phillips in January 1800,” which reveals her protracted process of mourning through her appropriation of extracts from A Series of Letters Between Mrs. Elizabeth Carter and Miss Catherine Talbot, from the year 1741 to 1770 (1809) and its composition following her mastectomy in 1811. Many of the themes in “Consolatory Extracts” suggest that Burney’s memorializing of Susan is similarly borne out in her fictional works, particularly her unfinished tragedy Elberta (1785–1814) and her novel The Wanderer (1814).
Epicardial cell shape and maturation are regulated by Wt1 via transcriptional control of Bmp4
Authors: Velecela Víctor , Torres-Cano Alejo , García-Melero Ana , Ramiro-Pareta Marina , Müller-Sánchez Claudia , Segarra-Mondejar Marc , Chau You-Ying , Campos-Bonilla Begoña , Reina Manuel , Soriano Francesc X. , Hastie Nicholas D. , Martínez Fernando O. , Martínez-Estrada Ofelia M.
Published: October 2019

The epicardium plays a crucial role in embryonic heart development and adult heart repair; however, the molecular events underlying its maturation remain unknown. Wt1, one of the main markers of the embryonic epicardium, is essential for epicardial development and function. Here, we analyse the transcriptomic profile of epicardial-enriched cells at different stages of development and from control and epicardial-specific Wt1 knockout (Wt1KO) mice. Transcriptomic and cell morphology analyses of epicardial cells from epicardial-specific Wt1KO mice revealed a defect in the maturation process of the mutant epicardium, including sustained upregulation of Bmp4 expression and the inability of mutant epicardial cells to transition into a mature squamous phenotype. We identified Bmp4 as a transcriptional target of Wt1, thus providing a molecular basis for the retention of the cuboidal cell shape observed in the Wt1KO epicardium. Accordingly, inhibition of the Bmp4 signalling pathway both ex vivo and in vivo rescued the cuboidal phenotype of the mutant epicardium. Our findings indicate the importance of the cuboidal-to-squamous transition in epicardial maturation, a process regulated by Wt1.
Influência dos ativos intangíveis no desempenho econômico de empresas latino-americanas
Authors: Ferla Rafael , Muller Suzana Habitzreuter , Klann Roberto Carlos
Published: October 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência dos ativos intangíveis no desempenho econômico de empresas latino-americanas. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa. A amostra do estudo é composta por 543 empresas argentinas, brasileiras, chilenas e mexicanas, listadas nas respectivas bolsas dos países analisados. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados Thomson ® em dezembro de 2015 relativos ao período 2010 a 2014, analisados por regressão de dados em painel. Os resultados sugerem a influência do grau de intangibilidade sobre o desempenho das empresas, sendo que a evidência mais forte foi observada em empresas argentinas. Nas empresas brasileiras, os resultados evidenciaram que o grau de intangibilidade influencia negativamente o retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido. Com base nos resultados do estudo, pode-se concluir que os ativos intangíveis podem influenciar o desempenho das organizações, entretanto, tal influência depende de fatores e características de cada país.
On Optimal Auctions for Mixing Exclusive and Shared Matching in Platforms
Authors: Bhargava Hemant K. , Csapó Gergely , Müller Rudolf
Published: October 2019

Platforms create value by matching participants on alternate sides of the marketplace. Although many platforms practice one-to-one matching (e.g., Uber), others can conduct and monetize one-to-many simultaneous matches (e.g., lead-marketing platforms). Both formats involve one dimension of private information, a participant’s valuation for exclusive or shared allocation, respectively. This paper studies the problem of designing an auction format for platforms that mix the modes rather than limit to one and, therefore, involve both dimensions of information. We focus on incentive-compatible auctions (i.e., where truthful bidding is optimal) because of ease of participation and implementation. We formulate the problem to find the revenue-maximizing incentive-compatible auction as a mathematical program. Although hard to solve, the mathematical program leads to heuristic auction designs that are simple to implement, provide good revenue, and have speedy performance, all critical in practice. It also enables creation of upper bounds on the (unknown) optimal auction revenue, which are useful benchmarks for our proposed auction designs. By demonstrating a tight gap for our proposed two-dimensional reserve-price-based mechanism, we prove that it has excellent revenue performance and places low information and computational burden on the platform and participants.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
On the Emergence of Collective Psychological Ownership in New Creative Teams
Authors: Gray Steven M. , Knight Andrew P. , Baer Markus
Published: October 2019

We develop and test a theoretical model that explains how collective psychological ownership—shared feelings of joint possession over something—emerges within new creative teams that were launched to advance one person’s (i.e., a creative lead’s) preconceived idea. Our model proposes that such teams face a unique challenge—an initial asymmetry in feelings of psychological ownership for the idea between the creative lead who conceived the idea and new team members who are beginning to work on the idea. We suggest that the creative lead can resolve this asymmetry and foster the emergence of collective psychological ownership by enacting two interpersonal behaviors—help seeking and territorial marking. These behaviors build collective ownership by facilitating the unifying centripetal force of team identification and preventing the divisive centrifugal force of team ownership conflict. Our model also proposes that collective ownership positively relates to the early success of new creative teams. The results of a quantitative study of 79 creative teams participating in an entrepreneurship competition provided general support for our predictions but also suggested refinements as to how a creative lead’s behavior influences team dynamics. The findings of a subsequent qualitative investigation of 27 teams participating in a university startup launch course shed additional light on how collective ownership emerges in new creative teams launched to advance one person’s idea.
A Study on Efficacy of Respiratory Exercises Coupled with Neurodevelopmental Treatment on Pulmonary Function of Children with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kanna B. S. Santhosh , Balabaskar K.
Published: October 2019

Cerebral palsy is a group of condition characterized by motor dysfunction due to non-progressive brain damage early in life. They may also have decreased mobility, restriction in physical activity and limitation in functional capacities, Along with motor dysfunction, children with cerebral palsy can have abnormality of respiratory function This study was intended to study the efficacy of Respiratory exercises along with Neurodevelopmental treatment in Pulmonary function of children with Spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica Charantia leaves in carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Moharir Gurudatta , Bharatha Ambadasu , Ojeh Nkemcho , Prasad S Vijay
Published: October 2019

Liver carries out a variety of physiological functions and protects against damaging drugs and chemicals. Herbs have been shown to play a major role in the management of various liver disorders. Due to the lack of effective liver protective medication in modern medicine, several herbal options for the treatment of liver diseases in Ayurveda are suggested. In this current study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective action of Momordica charantia leaf extract in comparison to Liv-52, a standard hepatoprotective drug. In Wistar rats, hepatotoxicity was induced by administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 1ml / kg body weight subcutaneously on alternate days for a week in a suspension of liquid paraffin. Rats were grouped into 5 groups with group I as control, group II - CCl4 treatment only, group III receiving a mixture of Liv-52 orally (5 ml / kg) and CCl4, and group IV and group V receiving Momordica charantia leaf extract administered orally to rats at doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg respectively, together with CCl4 for 1 week.. Indices of liver functions (lipid profile) were evaluated in the serum of the rats. Animals were sacrificed after the study period and liver tissue was isolated for histopathological changes. The mean results for groups I to V for SGOT levels in IU/L were: 53.57 ± 1.19, 167.72 ± 5.57, 54.72 ± 0.83, 69.41 ± 2.35 and 60.72 ± 1.5 respectively; for SGPT in IU/L were 37.00 ± 1.77, 118.16 ± 2.91, 61.41 ± 1.25, 47.92 ± 1.71 and 58.59 ± 1.81 respectively; for ALP in IU/L were 165.44 ± 4.84, 281.33 ± 7.11, 206 ± 6.95, 190.62±5.47 and 188.86 ± 2.5 respectively and for total bilirubin levels in mg/dl were 0.71± 0.66, 1.57 ± 0.1, 0.80 ± 0.20.88 ± 0.02 & 0.77 ± 0.03 respectively. The findings from this study showed a decrease in the liver enzymes and therefore suggests protective activity of Momordica charantia leaf extract against CCl4 induced hepatic toxicity.
Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Postmenopausl Osteoporosis
Authors: Sharon S Evelyn , Chitra V. Chitra
Published: October 2019

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder which causes bone loss in course of time leading to increasing the fracture risk. The disease is often silent and known only when fractures occur. Both men and women are equally affected. But women are more susceptible to osteoporosis. The main cause of fragility fractures in women is due to the estrogen deficiency. For the treatment of Osteoporosis the potential biological use of traditional medicines have been exposed to logical assessment since synthetic medications are considered to have a wide range of side effects and they lack efficacy. Hence broad research is to be done to examine the therapeutic plants to be utilized as an option for the treatment of Osteoporosis. The present survey work demonstrates the data on medicinal plants with their common name, phytochemical constituents, reported pharmacological activities and their Osteoporotic action.
ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕРМИН В ПРАВОВОМ ПОЛЕ И ЗА ЕГО ПРЕДЕЛАМИ
Authors: Gromova Natalia
Published: October 2019

В статье рассматриваются вопросы бытования юридических терминов в границах правового поля и за пределами языка права. Выявляется разница между терминами различных профессиональных сфер, устанавливается специфика терминологии общественных наук как средства редукции не только профессионального, но и социального знания. Юридический термин исследуется как один из видов специальных лексических средств, имеющих целый ряд дополнительных функций, актуализированных под воздействием специфики правоотношений. Устанавливаются особенности функциональной специфики юридического термина как на уровне синхронного взаимодействия субъектов правоотношений, что обеспечивает значимость регулятивной функции правовых терминов, производной от регулятивной и охранительной функций права, так и на уровне диахронного воздействия, когда актуализируется аксиологическая функция. Выявляются и анализируются особенности различных видов юридических терминов: общеупотребительных, специально-технических, специально-юридических. Также отмечается, что в условиях развития современного общества наблюдается широкое распространение юридических терминов благодаря включенности их в медиапространство за пределами правового поля, что часто не приводит к росту правосознания граждан и, наоборот, провоцирует с учетом ложной мотивации в сознании носителей языка смешение семантики общеупотребительных слов и терминов, модифицируя первичные смыслы в новом дискурсе. Дискурс, в котором оказываются общеупотребительные и специально-технические юридические термины, во многом подчиняет их своим законам и преображает в сознании носителей, трансформируя их вплоть до противоположного понимания. Использование юридических терминов за пределами правового поля должно быть подчинено логике их правового бытования, а не закономерностям функционирования нового дискурса.
ГРАЖДАНСКИЕ ПРАКТИКИ И БАЗОВЫЕ МОДЕЛИ УЧАСТИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ ЖИЗНИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ СИБИРСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ
Authors: Максимова Светлана Геннадьевна , Омельченко Дарья Алексеевна , Ноянзина Оксана Евгеньевна , Суртаева Ольга Валерьевна
Published: October 2019

Общественно-политические процессы в современной России характеризуются усилением внимания общественности, политических элит и научного сообщества к привлечению рядовых граждан как индивидуальных и коллективных субъектов к управлению государством, решению острых социальных проблем. Расширение спектра и пересмотр значимости форм гражданского и политического участия, трансформация общественного сознания и его ценностно-мотивационных компонент, связанных с социальной активностью граждан, выступают объективным основанием для их подробного научного анализа. Данные социологических исследований, проведенных в 2019 году в трех сибирских регионах – Алтайском крае (n=590), Республике Алтай (n=424) и Новосибирской области (n=424) (возраст опрошенных от 18 до 70 лет), легли в основу анализа ценностных установок, гражданских чувств и представлений населения о гражданственности, гражданской идентичности и опыта общественно-политической деятельности. Анализ поведенческих практик с помощью факторного анализа и регрессионного моделирования позволил описать семь базовых моделей гражданского участия, различающихся формами и направлениями деятельности, характером взаимодействия с органами власти, общественными и политическими организациями. Для каждой модели определен набор детерминант, включающих социально-демографические факторы и региональную специфику, социально-экономические факторы и ценностно-мировоззренческие основания.
ДЕПРИВАЦИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ИНКЛЮЗИИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЗРЕЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА КАК УГРОЗА СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Ноянзина Оксана Евгеньевна , Максимова Светлана Геннадьевна , Омельченко Дарья Алексеевна
Published: October 2019

В целях изучения проявлений депривации социальной инклюзии и социальных настроений населения зрелого возраста в контексте необходимости обеспечения социальной безопасности и преодоления эксклюзии данной возрастной группы авторским коллективом реализовано исследование среди населения городов и сельских поселений Алтайского края в возрасте зрелости (женщины 40–54 лет и мужчины 40–59 лет, n = 318). В рамках статьи описан ряд показателей депривации социальной инклюзии населения зрелого возраста, сделаны предсказания в отношении депривации социального участия в связи с личностными характеристиками респондентов. Сделан вывод, что социальные ресурсы взрослого населения во многом связаны с взаимообусловленными характеристиками уровня материальной обеспеченности и статуса занятости. Более трети опрошенных сталкивались с депривацией своих прав в связи с личностными особенностями, которые имели дискриминирующее значение, причем самым часто проявляющимся фактором социальной эксклюзии является возраст. Приближение к «пенсионному» возрасту для большей части опрошенных, не обладающих существенными финансовыми гарантиями благополучия и стабильности, ведет к усилению социальной тревожности, ощущения небезопасности будущего, социальной незащищенности и депривации социального участия.
Scientometric Portrait of Hari Chand Sharma an Outstanding Agricultural Scientist
Authors: Garg K C , Kumar Niraj
Published: October 2019

An analysis of 595 documents produced by Dr Hari Chand Sharma indicates that about 45 per cent of these were published as journal articles. Most of the research papers were published in journals originating from the UK, the USA and the Netherlands in medium impact factor journals. He has produced majority of his publications in collaboration with other scientists and had collaborated with more than 1,000 authors as indicated by high value of collaboration coefficient (0.66) and collaboration rate of 1.00 for considerable number of years. He was most productive during the age of 58-60 year. The high value of citations per paper indicated that the research outputs of Dr Sharma were part of the main stream science.
Reliability Analysis of Complex Systems with Failure Propagation
Authors: Che Changchang , Wang Huawei , Ni Xiaomei
Published: October 2019

Failure propagation is a critical factor for the reliability and safety of complex systems. To recognise and identify failure propagation of systems, a deep fusion model based on deep belief network (DBN) and Bayesian structural equation model (BSEM) is proposed. The deep belief network is applied to extract features between status monitoring data and the performance degradation in different failure components. To calculate the path weight of failure propagation, the Bayesian structural equation model is proposed to study the relationship among different fault modes. After getting the performance degradation of each fault through DBN and calculating the path weight of fault propagation by BSEM, it is available to get the overall reliability of the system. The aircraft landing gear system with 19 fault patterns is selected to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed deep fusion model. The results demonstrate that the overall reliability of the system can be obtained by analysing the fault propagation of multiple fault patterns, and the proposed model has a lower deviation than traditional back propagation neural network.
Failure Behaviours of Steel Projectiles with Localised Melting Against Armour Plates
Authors: Shen Zhengxiang , Chen Hu , Wang Du , Yuan Shuqiang , Cheng Dingyue , Zhu Guorong
Published: October 2019

The surface remelting technology of high energy beam can locally weaken the case for controlled fragmentation, which may affect the survivability of the impacting projectiles. Failure behaviours of steel projectiles with melted layers grid normally perforating armour plates was investigated. The results reveal that shear fracture mainly occurs in the nose region of projectiles due to high loading, and the melting zone of projectiles can keep integrity with no damage, which means the survivability of projectile can be assured. Furthermore, an analytical model was proposed to the structural analysis of projectile, which is in accordance with the test results.
Selection of Core shell Material based Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers in 2 to18 GHz using TOPSIS and VIKOR Ranking Methods
Authors: Singh Samarjit , Kumar Abhishek
Published: October 2019

Electromagnetic (EM) wave has become an integral part of this electronics dominated era with extensive application in wireless communication, health care, and military applications. This has led to the development of EM wave absorbers for camouflaging the military warheads from the enemy radar tracking systems. The development of these absorbers requires considerable resources viz. time, energy, raw materials and cost. This creates a need for selection of a better absorber from the existing ones rather than the development of a new one to save the valuable resources. The judicious selection of an efficient microwave absorber requires ranking the existing absorbers based on selection criteria. For the first time, an attempt has been made to apply the concept of multi-criteria decisionmaking methods viz. VIKOR and TOPSIS in ranking the microwave absorbers. Core-shell materials provides enhanced EM wave attenuation owing to their hierarchical composite structure which provides a better approach to tune the dielectric and magnetic properties of the composite for obtaining good impedance matching resulting into enhanced absorption. In the present work, magnitude of minimum reflection co-efficient value, absorber thickness, deviation from the central frequency (i.e. 10 GHz) and -10 dB bandwidth have been selected as the criteria for judiciously selecting suitable core-shell based EM wave absorbers in 2-18 GHz. The selected criterion has been assigned distinct weights using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP derived weights have been employed in TOPSIS and VIKOR analysis for the absorbers ranking and selection.
Foreword
Authors: Walker J.D.
Published: October 2019

Over the past few decades, researchers have produced a body of literature that examines the educational importance of space, finding that how learning spaces are laid out, furnished, and equipped makes a difference to the teaching and learning process. Put another way, the formal learning spaces in which much teaching takes place, such as classrooms and laboratories, are not neutral. Different types of classrooms can facilitate, or retard, the implementation of different teaching techniques, and we have only begun to study the ways in which innovative learning environments may enhance equity in the education of our increasingly diverse student body.
Fridays for Future aus nachhaltigkeitswissenschaftlicher Perspektive
Authors: von Wehrden Henrik , Kater-Wettstädt Lydia , Schneidewind Uwe
Published: October 2019

In der transdisziplinären Arbeit des NaWis-Verbunds spielt die Auseinandersetzung mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Bewegungen eine wichtige Rolle. Diese treiben in vielerlei Hinsicht ,,moralische Revolutionen“ (Kwame Anthony Appiah) an ‐ derzeit etwa tritt Fridays for
Future sehr entschieden für mehr Klimaschutz ein. Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft kann helfen, dem Anliegen der Bewegung mehr Gehör zu verschaffen.
Seeding and gold medal probability in wrestling: a 2016 Rio Olympic Games analysis
Authors: Doğan İlkay , Işık Özkan , Birkök Mehmet Cüneyt
Published: October 2019

The United World Wrestling carried out the implementation of seeding athletes for the first time at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. For this reason, the aim of the current study was to calculate the probability of winning a medal and becoming an Olympic Champion at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games of seeded wrestlers using the Bayesian theorem. The data were obtained from the results book of the Rio Olympic Games. The obtained data were analyzed Bayesian theorem. According to the results, the probabilities of being an Olympic Champion of first seeded wrestlers were 67.0%, 81.0% and 62.0% for males Greco-Roman, freestyle and female freestyle, respectively. As a result, being a seeded athlete had a great advantage to become an Olympic Champion in the wrestling competitions of the Rio Olympic Games. As the Olympic Games are held every four years, the medals in the Grand Prix tournaments, continental, and World Championships must be scored according to difficulty grade and medal colour, and the Olympic ranking should be established for each weight category. Furthermore, it would provide more competitive, challenging and enjoyable Olympic Games for wrestling and spectators.
Dynamics of soluble syndecan-1 in maternal serum during and after pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: a nested case control study
Authors: Kuessel Lorenz , Husslein Heinrich , Montanari Eliana , Kundi Michael , Himmler Gottfried , Binder Julia , Schiefer Judith , Zeisler Harald
Published: October 2019

Background

We investigated the dynamics and the predictive value of soluble syndecan-1 (Sdc-1), a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, in uneventful pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE).

Methods

Serum levels of Sdc-1 were measured at sequential time points during and after uneventful pregnancies (control, n = 95) and pregnancies developing PE (PE_long, n = 12). Levels were further measured in women with symptomatic PE (PE_state, n = 46) at a single time point.

Results

Sdc-1 levels increased consistently throughout pregnancy. In the PE_long group Sdc-1 levels were lower at all visits throughout pregnancy, and reached significance in weeks 18–22 (p = 0.019), 23–27 (p = 0.009), 28–32 (p = 0.006) and 33–36 (p = 0.008). After delivery, Sdc-1 levels dropped sharply in all pregnancies but were significantly elevated in the PE_long group. The predictive power of Sdc-1 was evaluated analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A significant power was reached at weeks 14–17 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.65, p = 0.025), 23–27 (AUC 0.73, p = 0.004) and 33–36 (AUC 0.75, p = 0.013).

Conclusions

In summary, Sdc-1 levels were lower in women developing PE compared to uneventful pregnancies and Sdc-1 might be useful to predict PE. After delivery, Sdc-1 levels remained higher in women with PE. Additional studies investigating the link between glycocalyx degradation, Sdc-1 levels and placental and endothelial dysfunction in pregnancies affected by PE are warranted.
Analytical validation of a highly sensitive point-of-care system for cardiac troponin I determination
Authors: Braga Federica , Aloisio Elena , Panzeri Andrea , Nakagawa Takahito , Panteghini Mauro
Published: October 2019

Background

Highly sensitive cardiac troponin assays (hs-cTn) are not available as point-of-care (POC) measurements. As rapid testing cannot be achieved at the expense of clinical performance, there is an urgent need to develop and rigorously validate POC hs-cTn. Konica Minolta (KM) has recently developed a surface plasmon-field enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy-based POC hs-cTn I system.

Methods

We validated the analytical characteristics of the KM POC system according to the international guidelines.

Results

Limit of blank (LoB) and limit of detection (LoD) were 0.35 and 0.62 ng/L, respectively, hs-cTn I concentrations corresponding to a total CV of 20%, 10% and 5% were 1.5, 3.9 and 11.0 ng/L, respectively. Method comparison studies showed that KM calibration was successfully traced to higher-order references. Limit of quantitation (LoQ), i.e. the hs-cTn I concentration having a total error of measurement of ≤34%, was 10.0 ng/L. The upper reference limit (URL) for 600 healthy blood donors was calculated at 12.2 ng/L (90% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2–39.2), while sex-partitioned URLs were 20.6 (males) and 10.7 ng/L (females), respectively (p < 0.0001). KM assay measured hs-cTn I concentrations >LoD in 65.7% of all reference individuals, in 76.7% of males and in 54.7% of females, respectively.

Conclusions

The KM system joins the characteristics of POC systems to the analytical performance of hs-cTn.
Understanding and managing interferences in clinical laboratory assays: the role of laboratory professionals
Authors: Zaninotto Martina , Plebani Mario
Published: October 2019

The recently raised concerns regarding biotin interference in immunoassays have increased the awareness of laboratory professionals and clinicians of the evidence that the analytical phase is still vulnerable to errors, particularly as analytical interferences may lead to erroneous results and risks for patient safety. The issue of interference in laboratory testing, which is not new, continues to be a challenge deserving the concern and interest of laboratory professionals and clinicians. Analytical interferences should be subdivided into two types on the basis of the possibility of their detection before the analytical process. The first (type 1) is represented by lipemia, hemolysis and icterus, and the second (type 2), by unusual constituents that are not undetectable before analysis, and may affect the matrix of serum/plasma of individual subjects. Type 2 cannot be identified with current techniques when performing the pre-analytical phase. Therefore, in addition to a more careful evaluation and validation of the method to be used in clinical practice, the awareness of laboratory professionals should be raised as to the importance of evaluating the quality of biological samples before analysis and to adopt algorithms and approaches in the attempt to reduce problems related to erroneous results due to specific or non-specific interferences.
Adjustments of Rao’s Score Test for Distributional and Local Parametric Misspecifications
Authors: Bera Anil K. , Bilias Yannis , Yoon Mann J. , Taşpınar Süleyman , Doğan Osman
Published: October 2019

Rao’s (1948) seminal paper introduced a fundamental principle of testing based on the score function and the score test has local optimal properties. When the assumed model is misspecified, it is well known that Rao’s score (RS) test loses its optimality. A model could be misspecified in a variety of ways. In this paper, we consider two kinds: distributional and parametric. In the former case, the assumed probability density function differs from the data generating process. Kent (1982) and White (1982) analyzed this case and suggested a modified version of the RS test that involves adjustment of the variance. In the latter case, the dimension of the parameter space of the assumed model does not match with that of the true one. Using the distribution of the RS test under this situation, Bera and Yoon (1993) developed a modified RS test that is valid under the local parametric misspecification. This involves adjusting both the mean and variance of the standard RS test. This paper considers the joint presence of the distributional and parametric misspecifications and develops a modified RS test that is valid under both types of misspecification. Earlier modified tests under either type of misspecification can be obtained as the special cases of the proposed test. We provide three examples to illustrate the usefulness of the suggested test procedure. In a Monte Carlo study, we demonstrate that the modified test statistics have good finite sample properties.
Phonon-polaritonics: enabling powerful capabilities for infrared photonics
Authors: Foteinopoulou Stavroula , Devarapu Ganga Chinna Rao , Subramania Ganapathi S. , Krishna Sanjay , Wasserman Daniel
Published: October 2019

Here, we review the progress and most recent advances in phonon-polaritonics, an emerging and growing field that has brought about a range of powerful possibilities for mid- to far-infrared (IR) light. These extraordinary capabilities are enabled by the resonant coupling between the impinging light and the vibrations of the material lattice, known as phonon-polaritons (PhPs). These PhPs yield a characteristic optical response in certain materials, occurring within an IR spectral window known as the reststrahlen band. In particular, these materials transition in the reststrahlen band from a high-refractive-index behavior, to a near-perfect metal behavior, to a plasmonic behavior – typical of metals at optical frequencies. When anisotropic they may also possess unconventional photonic constitutive properties thought of as possible only with metamaterials. The recent surge in two-dimensional (2D) material research has also enabled PhP responses with atomically-thin materials. Such vast and extraordinary photonic responses can be utilized for a plethora of unusual effects for IR light. Examples include sub-diffraction surface wave guiding, artificial magnetism, exotic photonic dispersions, thermal emission enhancement, perfect absorption and enhanced near-field heat transfer. Finally, we discuss the tremendous potential impact of these IR functionalities for the advancement of IR sources and sensors, as well as for thermal management and THz-diagnostic imaging.
The Optimal Standard of Proof with Adjudication Avoidance
Authors: Mungan Murat C.
Published: October 2019

Actors, whether guilty or innocent, may invest in costly measures to reduce their likelihood of being audited. The value of these investments are increasing in the probability with which they expect to be found guilty conditional on being audited. Because strengthening the standard of proof reduces the probability of conviction, it also lowers the investments by actors to reduce their likelihood of being audited. Therefore, when balancing such avoidance costs and deterrence effects, it is optimal to employ a stronger standard than that which maximizes deterrence, namely stronger than preponderance of the evidence.
Reconversión de cultivos como resultado de la presencia de Huanglongbing en Colima, México
Authors: Hernández Hernández Raciel , Granados Ramírez Guadalupe Rebeca , Mora Aguilera Gustavo , Aguirre Gómez Raúl , León García Imelda
Published: October 2019

El estado de Colima es productor importante de limón, las afectaciones por efecto del Huanglonbing (HLB) han ocasionado pérdidas en forma progresiva. Hasta el momento no se conoce cura y los productores han decidido realizar cambios en la dinámica de cultivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar los cambios, mediante análisis espacial (PR) y herramientas del sistema de información geográfica (SIG); se realizaron clasificaciones supervisadas de imágenes Landsat 7 y Landsat 8, comprobando un progresivo aumento en la sustitución de cultivos en los últimos cinco años. Hasta el momento se han sustituido alrededor de 5000 ha de cítricos, lo que ha significado una reducción de 84 721.88 t en el volumen de producción del limón mexicano y una pérdida de 302 636 729 pesos aproximadamente.
Rentabilidad de la producción de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), maíz (Zea mays L.) y chile (Capsicum annuum.) en el municipio de Morelos, Zacatecas
Authors: Carrillo Martínez Cristina Jared , Álvarez Fuentes Gregorio , Aguilar Benítez Gisela , García López Juan Carlos , Contreras Servín Carlos
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar los sistemas de producción agrícola del municipio de Morelos, Zacatecas, y calcular la rentabilidad de sus tres principales cultivos (frijol, maíz y chile), bajo un sistema convencional, durante el año agrícola 2013. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple a 26 agricultores que producen los tres cultivos durante el mismo ciclo agrícola. Se tipificaron a los productores y se estimaron los costos de producción por hectárea, el porcentaje de rentabilidad y la relación beneficio-costo (B/C). Los resultados demuestran que los tres cultivos son rentables. El cultivo de chile es el que requiere de una inversión mayor, pero es el que genera la rentabilidad más alta. De igual forma, se observó que la experiencia de los productores, la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y algunas prácticas de conservación del suelo son factores que permiten un alto nivel de productividad del municipio.
Diversidad agrícola y seguridad alimentaria nutricional en dos localidades Mayas de Yucatán
Authors: Gutiérrez Carbajal Maria Guadalupe , Magaña Magaña Miguel Angel , Zizumbo Villareal Daniel , Ballina Gómez Horacio
Published: October 2019

Estudios recientes evidencian que la salud, la alimentación y el bienestar de los seres humanos se relacionan directamente con la diversidad de los sistemas agrícolas utilizados para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria nutricional (SAN). Las familias mayas de la Península de Yucatán practican una estrategia de uso múltiple de los recursos agrícolas para fines de subsistencia e intercambio, esto a pesar del monocultivo que ha impulsado la modernidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar y evaluar la relación que se establece entre la SAN de las familias y la diversidad agrícola de sus sistemas tradicionales de producción milpa y traspatio. Los resultados evidenciaron que no existe una relación significativa (p > 0.05) entre la SAN, los índices de diversidad y las variables económicas, aunque se observó una influencia positiva hacia la citada condición. El sistema traspatio resultó más diverso que la milpa, pero estos recursos son estacionales.
Coping in mexican adolescents with metabolic syndrome: a qualitative study
Authors: Onofre-Rodríguez Dora Julia , CUEVA-LUNA Teresa Elizabeth , Peláez-Ballestas Ingris , Garza-Elizondo María Eugenia , Benavides-Torres Raquel Alicia
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the daily coping strategies among Mexican adolescents diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS). Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, using a phenomenology perspective. Nine adolescents diagnosed with MS aged 12-17 years were recruited from a public hospital in northeastern Mexico. Three thematic categories were obtained in the interview analysis: experiencing an MS diagnosis, adapting to health care and treatment, and decision-making to cope with the disease. Adolescents receiving an MS diagnosis were able to overcome their initial -often negative- experiences, they were motivated to adhere to management and treatment plans with support from health professionals, and they were able to develop adaptive coping strategies. Results indicate that, with support, adolescents could adapt to new prevention, management, and treatment strategies.
Materiales reciclados aligerados y su influencia en el consumo de energía eléctrica en viviendas económicas
Authors: Borbón Almada Ana Cecilia , Alpuche Cruz María Guadalupe , Miranda Pasos Israel , Marincic Lovriha Irene , Ochoa de la Torre José Manuel
Published: October 2019

Una arquitectura eficiente forma parte integral del desarrollo sustentable y, asimismo, debe contemplar una envolvente que se adapte al clima y a los recursos constructivos de una región. La evaluación del comportamiento térmico de las edificaciones mediante simulación dinámica se utiliza en todo el mundo para evaluar su eficiencia energética. En México existe carencia de datos sobre las propiedades térmicas de los materiales de construcción. En el presente trabajo se obtiene experimentalmente la conductividad térmica, calor específico y densidad volumétrica de materiales de construcción como lo son el ladrillo de barro recocido, el bloque aligerado, el mortero cemento-arena natural y el mortero cemento-arena reciclado, este último fabricado con materiales reciclados de la demolición de concreto. Los resultados de simulación obtenidos muestran disminución en las ganancias de calor en muros y en el consumo de energía eléctrica por enfriamiento. La disminución es superior a 8%, utilizando sistemas constructivos conformados con materiales aligerados y reciclados.
Situación social y tecnológica en el manejo del agua para riego en Puebla, México
Authors: Pérez Magaña Andrés , Macías López Antonio , Gutierrez Villalpando Verónica
Published: October 2019

La gestión eficiente del agua en la agricultura es importante para atender su escasez. Ante esta situación, en el estado de Puebla, en 2009, se analizaron los sistemas de pequeño riego para conocer la lógica campesina en las prácticas tecnológicas y acuerdos sobre el manejo del agua. Mediante una muestra estadística de 105 productores, se recabó información con un cuestionario sobre variables sociales de los productores, la infraestructura y el funcionamiento de los sistemas de riego. Se identificaron prácticas agrícolas como: arreglos espaciales y temporales en cultivos, diversificación, rotación, uso de la punta de riego, así como arreglos de préstamos y compra de agua, distribución del agua por tandas y faenas para limpieza de canales. Se concluyó que existen aciertos y limitaciones en las lógicas que despliegan los productores para atender los problemas de escasez de agua, en la infraestructura y en el funcionamiento de los sistemas de riego, las cuales pueden servir de base para realizar intervenciones.
Evaluación de la propiedad antimicrobiana y antiadherente del sulfato de cobre (Cu2SO4) y monoterpenos sobre Lactobacillus acidophilus y Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Pérez-Palma Leticia Deudovika , Andrade-Ochoa Sergio , Levario-Gómez Anahí , Cantú-Solis Eduardo , Sánchez-Aldana Daniela , Nevárez-Moorillón Guadalupe Virginia , Loya-Loya Martha Elena
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana y las propiedades de inhibición de formación de biopelículas del sulfato de cobre (Cu2SO4) en asociación con compuestos terpénicos sobre cepas de L. acidophilus y S. mutans. Para tal efecto, se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) utilizando resazurina como indicador de metabolismo celular. Los efectos de asociación se determinaron por medio de la técnica del tablero de ajedrez y las propiedades de inhibición de la formación de biopelícula por disminución del conteo microbiano. Los resultados demuestran que el Cu2SO4 posee mayor actividad antimicrobiana que los compuestos terpénicos con una CMI de 50 μg/mL y 100 μg/mL contra L. acidophilus y S. mutans, respectivamente. A pesar de su buena actividad antimicrobiana, el Cu2SO4, por sí solo, no tiene buenas propiedades de inhibición de la formación de biopelícula; sin embargo, presenta efectos sinérgicos en asociación con geraniol. El presente trabajo demuestra que la asociación del Cu2SO4 con compuestos terpénicos representa una alternativa eficaz para el control de agentes cariogénicos en la placa dentobacteriana.