bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An experimental investigation on the tensile stiffness in layered rock interface using the digital image correlation technique
Authors: Dong Xiong , Huanqiang Yang , Yang Liu , Xiaowei Wang
Published: June 2020

Tensile stiffness of interfacial layered rock is the basis of studying the law of interlaminar propagation of hydraulic cracks. We used similar materials to make simulated specimens of sand-mud layered rock with prefabricated cracks, and used the digital image correlation (DIC) technique together with the three-point bending (TPB) test to obtain the strain field near the prefabricated crack tip in tensile state. Combined with the tensile stress in the corresponding area calculated by the load of the tester, the tensile stress-displacement curve at the interface of layered rock is obtained, and the tensile stiffness and interfacial fracture law at the interface of layered rock is calculated by the curve. The results show that in the process of tensile failure, before reaching its peak value, the interfacial tension stress of layered rock has a linear elastic deformation stage followed by a short hardening stage. Upon reaching the peak value, it is accompanied by interfacial failure and macro-cracks, and then the load decreases and enters the softening stage, which results in the complete destruction of the interface. The tensile stiffness values of layered rock with different sizes vary greatly, which indicates that the interfacial tensile stiffness values are sensitive to the specimen size and have a size effect. The results are of great significance to the study of the law of hydraulic fracture propagation in the interface of layered rock.
A dignidade da pessoa humana: acesso a medicamentos e sua adequação estatal
Authors: Fernandes David Augusto
Published: June 2020

Apesar de estarmos no terceiro milênio, ainda não se tem proporcionado a todos os cidadãos, principalmente àqueles mais necessitados, o pleno direito de acesso aos medicamentos essenciais, fato que lhes afeta a dignidade da pessoa humana (DPH). Este estudo objetiva enfatizar esse direito para essa camada populacional, fator importante para sua sobrevivência, dentro do escopo dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), da ONU, a serem alcançados até 2030. A problemática do estudo questiona os inibidores que impedem esse direito de ser efetivado, apesar de a Constituição Brasileira e os organismos internacionais o assegurarem. A metodologia aplicada é a pesquisa bibliográfica e seu resultado constata que a DPH ainda não é oferecida a essas pessoas, devido à falta de política governamental rígida e à falta de adequação das farmacêuticas. As considerações finais reúnem os comentários do autor sobre a matéria.
Significado político de un discurso económico
Authors: Gómez Camacho Francisco
Published: June 2020

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Reto a la libertad sindical
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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Más sobre el paro
Authors: Gorosquieta Javier
Published: June 2020

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Objeción fiscal y ética
Authors: Higuera Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

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Cambio de valores en la sociedad secularizada
Authors: Kerber Walter
Published: June 2020

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Las estadísticas en España: ¿Falta de rigor o manipulación?
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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Tres opiniones cualificadas sobre el AES
Authors: Suárez Fernando
Published: June 2020

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El factor humano en la industria japonesa. Ocaso del taylorismo moderno
Authors: Alonso Arza Antonio
Published: June 2020

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La droga en Euskadi: reflexiones generales
Authors: Bereincua Isidoro de
Published: June 2020

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Desarrollo hoy en Cantabria
Authors: Beltrán de Heredia Javier
Published: June 2020

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Líneas de la increencia en España
Authors: Martínez Cortés Javier
Published: June 2020

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Política de empleo y mercado de trabajo
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: June 2020

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Los procesos sustractivos de empleo (II)
Authors: Puchol Luis
Published: June 2020

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La coyuntura económica de la provincia de Córdoba Año 1984
Authors: Delgado Alvarez Manuel , Suárez Castro Ángel
Published: June 2020

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El Paro Juvenil
Authors: Bianchi Fernando
Published: June 2020

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La Europa de las dos velocidades
Authors: Tuchtfeldt Egon
Published: June 2020

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La vocación de paz en Europa y nuestras alternativas de defensa
Authors: Álvarez Bolado Alfonso
Published: June 2020

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El valor de los bienes y el sistema de organización económica
Authors: Orduna Diez Luis
Published: June 2020

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La doctrina social católica y la economía de los EE.UU. (III)
Authors: Higuera Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

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Las diferencias económicas entre las regiones siguen aumentando
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan
Published: June 2020

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Patrimonio sindical
Authors: Gandía Isidro
Published: June 2020

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高职商务日语中电话应对的教学方针探讨
Authors: 符 小军
Published: June 2020

商务日语是高职日语专业的一门核心技能课程。高职日语专业本身学制只有三年，很多高年级学生临近毕业也只能达到N3日语水平，敬语运用能力十分有限，即使在三年级开设这门课程，推进的难度也很大。因此，对于高职商务日语的教学方针有必要进行重新审视，让学生能够在现有的日语运用能力前提下，掌握应对日本商务电话的方法。
一种基于云技术的智能防盗经济管理工具箱
Authors: 杨 敬江 , 刘 娇
Published: June 2020

随着人工智能工具时代的到来，基于云技术的智能化防盗经济管理工具箱会因社会的需要应运而生。其优势主要体现在，移动智能防丢失，工具箱可通过角度传感器检测箱体移动情况，并将移动信号推送给连接的智能手机，解决工具箱易丢失的问题；锁止开启智能化，工具箱的锁止与开启采用指纹识别技术与传统密码机械锁相结合的方式实现；电源方式多元化，采用电池和太阳能电源共用的形式，且电源电量采用不同的灯光颜色显示；存储信息智能化，采用液晶显示屏，智能显示箱内存储的物品。
信息技术与高中播音主持艺术教育教学融合存在的问题及对策浅探
Authors: 孔 静雯
Published: June 2020

随着社会飞速发展，互联网思维已普及，网络资源、信息技术已经成为现代教育必不可少的部分。信息技术与教育教学深度融合对提高播音主持艺术教学质量和教学效果有重要意义，也为学生实践练习提供更多途径和可能。
创客实验室运行机制的探索与实践——以工程测量创客实验室为例
Authors: 葛 岭虹
Published: June 2020

本文分析了创客实验室的起源和笔者进行工程测量创客实验室构建和运行过程中的经验和所得，并在此基础上进行总结归纳，提出创客实验室“五维协同”运行机制，即: 一是创意为先、开放共享的文化氛围； 二是灵活自主的管理机制； 三是校企合作、多方互助； 四是完善的课程体系；五是多元化的指导团队，五个维度协同发展，相辅相成是保证创客实验室顺利运行的保障。
提升高职医学院校创新创业教学质量关键问题的研究与探索
Authors: 姚 玉献
Published: June 2020

在建设创新型国家人才战略大环境下，职业院校只有探索与解决好创新创业教育教学工作中关键问题，全面深化教育教学改革,才能有效提升学校创新创业教育质量。本文从探讨高职医学院校创新创业教学质量中存在的问题入手，深入研究提升职业院校创新创业教育教学的方法与措施，为职业院校改革创新创业教学提供一定的策略与途径，从而更有效地提高学生的创新创业能力，全面提升职业院校创新创业教育教学质量。
浅谈小学语文课内外融合的主题阅读教学策略
Authors: 李 娜
Published: June 2020

《语文课程标准》对小学五六年级的阅读目标设定为：扩展阅读面。课外阅读总量不少于100万字。如果能从学生认知发展的规律出发，在对学生进行课堂阅读教学的同时，融合课外阅读，紧紧围绕主题，推荐相关的阅读材料，引领自主创设阅读活动，鼓励自主选择阅读材料。这样在不断地对相关文本阅读和对话中获得整体的阅读经验，在丰富的相关文本的语文实践活动中加深情感体验，从而提高学生的阅读持久力和阅读的质量，让扩大阅读面，增加阅读量真正落到实处。同时也落实了《语文课程标准》总目标提出的：“培养学生具有独立阅读的能力，学会运用多种阅读方法，注重情感体验，发展感受和理解能力，初步鉴赏文学作品，丰富自己的精神世界。”
“双一流”建设国内研究现状和热点探析——基于共词分析和聚类分析
Authors: 宋 亚 , 何 神怡
Published: June 2020

为了探索“双一流建设”国内研究现状和热点，采用共词分析和聚类分析对358个关键词进行矩阵构造，通过关键词网络社群中心图、聚类冰状图和多维尺度图进行分析。结果显示：国内学术界对“双一流”建设的研究主要集中于“双一流”背景下高校发展特色和学科评估研究、与国际接轨下“双一流建设”的发展方向和策略研究、“双一流”建设契机下研究生教育改革和创新研究、“双一流”建设视角下本科教育发展和规划研究、“双一流”建设规划下的学科管理和学术量化研究、“双一流”建设辐射下的高校发展战略和人才培养研究六大热点研究领域；“双一流”建设、一流学科以及人才培养将成为未来研究发展趋势。
Asociación entre el polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO y marcadores de adiposidad en población infantil chilena
Authors: Ulloa Natalia , Villagrán Marcelo , Riffo Benilde , Gleisner Andrea , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Mardones Lorena , Leiva Ana María , Martínez-Sanguinetti María Adela , Celis-Morales Carlos
Published: June 2020

La obesidad es una enfermedad inflamatoria donde la genética determina cierto nivel de riesgo. Aun cuando existen estudios que reportan asociación entre polimorfismos de FTO (fat-mass associated gene) y adiposidad, existe limitada evidencia en población infantil chilena.Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el polimorfismo rs9939609 del FTO y marcadores de adiposidad en población infantil chilena.Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal incluyó 361 participantes (de 6 a 11 años; 50% niñas). Los datos clínicos y la recolección de muestras de sangre se realizaron entre marzo y junio de 2008. El polimorfismo SNP (rs9939609), del gen FTO, se determinó utilizando ADN genómico extraído de leucocitos, utilizando el Mini Kit QIAamp DNA Blood (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Alemania). Los marcadores de adiposidad estudiados fueron, índice de masa corporal (IMC), masa grasa, perímetro de cintura (PC) y razón cintura/talla, y se compararon ajustados por sexo, edad y estadío de Tanner. La asociación entre el polimorfismo estudiado y los marcadores de obesidad se realizó mediante análisis de regresión lineal.Resultados: Al ajustar los marcadores por sexo, edad y estadío de Tanner se observó una asociación significativa entre el polimorfismo e indicadores de adiposidad. Por cada copia extra del alelo de riesgo se encontró un aumento de 2,47 kg de peso corporal, (IC 19 95%: 1,39 -3,55); 1,06 kg/m2 de IMC, (IC 95%: 0,56-1,54); 2,55 cm de PC, (IC 95%: 1,26-3,85) y en 1,98 % de masa grasa, (IC 95%: 0,78-3,19). Al convertir los marcadores de adiposidad a z-score, la razón perímetro de cintura/talla arrojó la mayor asociación con el alelo de riesgo de FTO.Conclusión: Este estudio indica asociación entre el polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO con marcadores de adiposidad general y central en población infantil en Chile.
A importância da parceria da família e a escola na educação infantil
Authors: Silva Cristiane Rosana da
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a realidade vivida no ambiente escolar e a importância da participação e parceria da família na vida escolar de seus filhos, em especial na fase da educação infantil. É nesse momento que a família descobre que a educação dos filhos deve começar primeiro dentro de seu lar, sendo o dever da escola é capacitar o aluno como cidadão na sua formação escolar, e que somente juntos, escola e a família, alcança-se o objetivo desejado. Feito através de pesquisa, cujo objetivo foi analisar a importância da participação da família no contexto escolar; a relação, da família com a escola, proporcionou a percepção de bons resultados, que nos mostram que pais e professores se aproximam do entendimento do que seja participação, algo significativo na vida das crianças, alunos, família e escola. Nesse contexto, a educação em casa e na escola assumem papéis complementares, que também implicam compartilhar responsabilidades. Pudemos observar que, quando a relação escola e família acontece, ganhamos grandes avanços na aprendizagem e convivência de crianças e jovens, que também passam a valorizar mais a escola e seus aprendizados; falta pouco para essa parceria acontecer de verdade, e tornar a vida de todos muito mais feliz, melhorando a aprendizagem em todos os aspectos.
Risco do Aparecimento do Câncer de Mama em Mulheres Menopausadas com Síndrome Metabólica e o Papel da Dieta na Prevenção da Doença
Authors: Machado Luciana De Olivera
Published: June 2020

As maiores causas de morte no Brasil são as neoplasias, o câncer de mama (CM) é a neoplasia mais comum em mulheres com idade abaixo de 60 anos. Estudos revelam que uma dieta rica em carboidratos refinados quando associada ao uso da terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) contribui para o desenvolvimento do CM em mulheres e este alto consumo também pode estar associado com o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica (SM) que parece ser corresponsável pelo risco de CM. Portanto, o conhecimento de tais fatores de risco para a doença se faz necessário já que está bem estabelecido que a dieta rica em carboidratos refinados pode influenciar na progressão do câncer. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar como o consumo de carboidratos refinados pode interferir na progressão do CM em mulheres menopáusicas. Será realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com busca de artigos indexados dos últimos 10 anos nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo , sites governamentais, bibliotecas virtuais e Google Acadêmico.
Le potenzialità di un patrimonio genitoriale
Authors: Rossi Margherita , Santillo Susanna
Published: June 2020

Le autrici in questo articolo illustrano le loro riflessioni sul tema dell'incontro relazionale e della co-costruzione del rapporto tra i genitori e il figlio. Esplorano le dinamiche profonde che conducono i genitori delle ultime generazioni a richiedere un aiuto psicoterapeutico per i sintomi di un figlio. Nello specifico viene valorizzata l'influenza profonda che svolge uno scenario narcisistico genitoriale, composto di fasci di proiezioni o di parti scisse e dissociate, all'interno del rapporto con il figlio causando lo sviluppo di sintomatologie in età evolutiva. Nel lavoro vengono illustrati due caso clinici: il primo di una coppia giunta in consultazione con la richiesta di una psicoterapia per il figlio di 8 anni, che presenta un disturbo nella sfera emotiva e comportamentale e il sintomo di stipsi con encopresi; il secondo di una coppia che arriva in consultazione facendo chiara richiesta per il figlio maggiore di 15 anni che da tempo presenta un disturbo del comportamento e un rapporto conflittuale con loro e con la sorella di 11 anni. In entrambi i casi tutti i membri della famiglia presentano una fragilità narcisistica profonda che apre lo scenario ad una consultazione prolungata volta alla costruzione di setting ad hoc per ognuno dei membri. Le psicoterapie che verranno attivate avranno lo scopo di costruire uno spazio, mentale prima, e reale poi, al servizio di uno sviluppo più armonico dei figli che all'inizio delle consultazioni appaiono in una fase di stallo.
Relationship between transformational leadership and personality with the commitmment to the organisation (Case study at food and drugs administration republic of Indonesia)
Authors: . Ratno
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to study whether there is a relationship between Transformational Leadership and Personality with the coommitment to Organization both partially and simultaneously. The population of this study are head office employees which is 1,413 employees. The formula determines the number of samples based on Slovin, after the calculation, it is obtained a sample of 312 samples. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The collected data are tested by using correlation analysis techniques. The results has showed that: 1. Transformational leadership partially relates to the commitment to the organization, 2. Partial personality has related to the commitment,to the organization 3. Transformational leadership and personality simultaneously correlate positively to the commitment organization having the ratio of 0.770, then the functional relationship is obtained by equation = 27,589 + 0,725X1 + 0,17 X2 and the coefficient of determination or contribution of transformational leadership and personality simultaneously to the commitment to the organization is 59,3%. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Personality and Commitment to Organizations.
A personal memoir by Þóra Arnórsdóttir
Authors: Arnórsdóttir Þóra
Published: June 2020

My long-standing relationship with Italy started on a cold, stormy night in Reykjavik. I was a second-year philosophy student and had decided I needed to broaden my horizon as I’m born and bred on this beautiful but harsh island in the North Atlantic.
What is True? What is False?
Authors: Stefánsdóttir Sigrún
Published: June 2020

In 1958, Harold Pinter wrote: “There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. A thing is not necessarily either true or false; it can be both true and false.” Upon receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005, he added: “I believe that these assertions still make sense […] As a citizen I must ask: What is true? What is false?”
De l’utopie du dialogue de la Renaissance à l’institution de la conversation à l’âge classique
Authors: Vallée Jean-François
Published: June 2020

Cet article se propose de comparer ces deux moments forts de la simulation écrite de l’échange oral en France que sont le milieu du XVIe siècle pour le genre du « dialogue » (ou du « colloque ») et la deuxième moitié du XVIIe pour celui de la « conversation » (ou de l’« entretien »), et ce, afin de montrer que la relation de continuité postulée par Marc Fumaroli entre le « dialogue humaniste » et la « conversation classique » pose problème à plus d’un titre. Nous verrons qu’il serait même préférable d’envisager cette relation sur le mode de la discontinuité, voire de l’opposition. En conclusion, nous nous intéresserons brièvement à un « passeur », Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, ayant joué un rôle majeur dans ce renversement, dont les fondements éthiques et politiques paraissent discutables.

This article sets out to compare two high points in the written simulation of oral exchange in France: the mid-sixteenth century for the genre of “dialogue” (or “colloque”) and the second half of the seventeenth for that of the “conversation” (or “entretien”). The article demonstrates that the relation of continuity postulated by Marc Fumaroli between “humanist dialogue” and “classical conversation” is problematic for more than one reason. We will see that it might be preferable to consider this relation in terms of discontinuity, or perhaps even opposition. In conclusion, we deal briefly with a “middleman” who played a major role in this reversal, and whose ethical motivations and politics seem questionable: Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac.
The “Public” of Richard Hooker’s Book 7 of the Laws: Stitching Together the Unjoined
Authors: Almasy Rudolph P.
Published: June 2020

This article begins with the notion that a text can create and influence a “public,” that is, a group of individuals with common values and aspirations. Richard Hooker’s Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (1594–1662) is the focus here; specifically, this article shows how book 7, which defends the prelacy, stitches together civil and ecclesiastical governors throughout the commonwealth in order to persuade this public not to embrace a Presbyterian ecclesiology and rid England of its bishops. Accordingly, Hooker’s text, composed with this public in mind, links together the nature and role of the civil and ecclesiastical by arguing that both are “of God,” by giving his public the intellectual skills to understand his defense of bishops, and by concentrating on public authority, public wisdom, and the public good which the magistrates must protect. Hooker’s goal is to encourage various estates to understand the threat to their power by the Presbyterian call for change. The hope is that the magisterial community, which runs the country and includes bishops, will consider the whole of the commonwealth and the value of the status quo before joining with the Presbyterians for change.

Cet article se penche sur l’idée qu’un texte peut créer et influencer un « public », c’est-àdire, un groupe d’individus ayant en commun des valeurs et des aspirations. On explore cette hypothèse plus particulièrement à travers l’oeuvre de Richard Hooker intitulée Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (1594–1662), et plus spécifiquement, en montrant comment le livre 7, qui défend la prélature, rassemble dirigeants civils et ecclésiastiques de la communauté afin de les dissuader d’adopter l’ecclésiologie presbytérienne ou de débarrasser l’Angleterre de ses évêques. Pour ce faire, le texte de Hooker, écrit avec ce public en tête, rapproche par la nature et par leur rôle le civil et l’ecclésiastique en avançant que les deux relèvent de Dieu, en fournissant à son public les connaissances intellectuelles nécessaires à la compréhension de sa défense des évêques, et en se concentrant sur l’autorité, la sagesse, et le bien commun publics que les magistrats doivent protéger. Le but visé par Hooker est d’encourager les diverses instances à comprendre la menace que constitue pour leur pouvoir l’appel presbytérien au changement. Il espère ainsi que toute la magistrature, qui dirige le pays et inclut les évêques, prendra en considération l’ensemble de la communauté et les mérites du statu quo avant de rejoindre les Presbytériens dans le mouvement pour le changement.
The Classical Commentary in Renaissance France: Bilingual, Mixed-Language, and Translated Editions
Authors: White Paul
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes the dynamic interactions of Latin and the vernacular in commentary editions of the Latin classics printed in France before 1600, addressing questions of readership, intended uses, and actual uses. Beginning with the output of Antoine Vérard, it explores the different possibilities for translating Latin commentaries in the early decades of French printing, and the reconfigurations of layout and commentary discourse between languages. There follows a discussion of bilingual and mixed-language editions intended for use in the Latin grammar class and beyond (Mathurin Cordier, Charles Estienne, Jean Herisson, Guillaume Durand, and Pierre Davantès). Particular attention is given to evidence for the uses of such texts in the form of contemporary readers’ annotations and marks of use.

Cet article analyse les interactions dynamiques entre le latin et les langues vernaculaires dans les éditions commentées des classiques latins publiées en France avant 1600. Il aborde les questions de la lecture, des intentions d’utilisation visée et des utilisations effectives. En commençant avec l’oeuvre d’Antoine Vérard, on y explore les différentes possibilités de traduction de commentaires latins dans les premières décennies de l’imprimerie française, ainsi que les transformations de mise en page et de mise en regard des textes des deux langues. On poursuit en examinant les éditions bilingues et polyglottes développées à l’intention de l’enseignement du latin dans les classes de grammaire et au-delà (Mathurin Cordier, Charles Estienne, Jean Herisson, Guillaume Durand and Pierre Davantès). Une attention spéciale est accordée au témoignage que fournissent les annotations de lecteurs contemporains et les marques de leur utilisation des ouvrages.
Reading Ritual: Biblical Hermeneutics and the Liturgical “Text” in Pre-Reformation England
Authors: Rinkevich Matthew J.
Published: June 2020

This article argues that orthodox English writers during the pre-Reformation period conceptualized the liturgy as a type of biblical text interpreted with traditional exegetical tools, especially allegoresis. In particular, it focuses upon three devotional works produced during the first several decades of the sixteenth century: B. Langforde’s Meditatyons for Goostly Exercyse, in the Tyme of the Masse (ca. 1515); Wynken de Worde’s 1520 edition of John Lydgate’s The Vertue of the Masse; and John Fisher’s sermon Lamentationes, Carmen, et Vae (ca. 1534). These liturgical exegeses uphold orthodox sacramental theology and maintain that such orthodoxy complements the emphasis placed upon literacy by reformers. Placing each text within a larger context, this analysis complicates narratives of religious culture that insist upon divisions between the medieval and the early modern and the Catholic and the Protestant. It offers a fuller picture of religious experiences surrounding the English Reformation’s inception.

Cet article avance que les auteurs catholiques anglais de la période pré-Réforme ont considéré la liturgie comme un type de texte biblique pouvant être interprété avec les outils exégétiques traditionnels, tels que l’allégorèse. L’étude se penche en particulier sur trois ouvrages dévotionnels des premières décennies du XVIe siècle : les Meditatyons for Goostly Exercyse, in the Tyme of the Masse (c.1515) de B. Langford, The Vertue of the Masse de John Lydgate dans l’édition de 1520 de Wynken de Worde, et les sermons de John Fisher publiés sous le titre Lamentationes, Carmen et Vae (c.1534). Ces exégèses liturgiques utilisent la théologie sacramentelle catholique et soulignent le fait que son orthodoxie correspond à l’accent que mettent les réformateurs sur l’alphabétisation des fidèles. En replaçant chaque texte dans un contexte plus large, cette analyse approfondit les descriptions de la culture religieuse soulignant les ruptures entre le Moyen Âge et la Renaissance ainsi qu’entre le catholicisme et le protestantisme. On propose ainsi une vision plus complète des expériences religieuses entourant les débuts de la Réforme anglaise.
Utopia and the Enclosing of Dramatic Landscapes
Authors: Closel Régis Augustus Bars
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on the enclosing of the land as depicted in More’s Utopia (1516); the anonymous domestic tragedy, Arden of Faversham (1589); and the Carolinian play, A Jovial Crew (1641), by Richard Brome. It discusses how the relationship between the multiple resulting changes in the environmental, social, and economic landscape gave rise to important points for action and social debate in early modern English fiction, in which the customary pre-Reformation past is as irreconcilable as a fictional utopian world. This article argues that the emerging profitability of the newly and increasingly enclosed topography as imagined in Utopia appears in Thomas Nashe’s The Unfortunate Traveller, and its initial consequences are disclosed in the anonymous Arden, only to spread through generations of social displacement in Richard Brome’s Jovial Crew, by which time an absurd realignment of the relationship between beggary and ideal worlds is taking place in drama.

Cet article se penche sur le phénomène d’enclôture des terres tel que Thomas More le décrit dans l’Utopie, dans la tragédie anonyme intitulée Arden of Faversham (1589) et dans la pièce carolinienne A Jovial Crew (1641) de Richard Brome. On montre d’abord comment les différentes conséquences environnementales, sociales et économiques ont donné lieu à des mouvements et des débats sociaux au sein de la fiction anglaise moderne, où la l’histoire convenue du passé précédant la Réforme paraît tout aussi éloignée que la fiction d’un monde utopique. On avance que les possibilités de profit qu’offre la nouvelle topographie de terres de plus en plus clôturées, ainsi que l’imaginait l’Utopie, sont évoquées dans la pièce The Unfortunate Traveller de Thomas Nashe, que les conséquences de ces changements apparaissent dans la pièce Arden, et que les déplacement sociaux qui y ont fait suite pour des générations se retrouvent plus tard dans la pièce de Richard Brome ; à cette période, le théâtre procède à un absurde réalignement du lien entre les mondes idéaux et la mendicité.
Spenser’s Sprites: Platonic Daemons in The Faerie Queene
Authors: Russell Jesse
Published: June 2020

Throughout the twentieth century, critics of the poet Edmund Spenser wrestled with the question of the presence of Plato as well as Platonic thought in Spenser’s works. Having recently established the profound presence of Platonism in Spenser via Marsilio Ficino and other sources, the field of Spenser studies is now open to a treatment of exactly what kind of Platonism is present in Spenser. Drawing from the work done by researchers in the field of magic and Platonism, in this article I hope to demonstrate the presence of Platonic daemons in Spenser’s Faerie Queene who are found under the name of “sprites” or “sprights” in the poem. An examination of daemons in The Faerie Queene will elucidate some questions on the role of Merlin in the poem as well as Spenser’s own self fashioning as a poet-magus.
“Not so much perdition as an hair”: The Political Deployment of Christian Patience in The Tempest
Authors: Kasa Deni
Published: June 2020

Early modern theology and martyrology understood patience as a transformation of one’s perspective on suffering, so that pain and humiliation came to be seen by the sufferer as honourable and even desirable. This article suggests that The Tempest explores the political implications of Christian patience when the concept is translated to the secular spheres of courtship and politics. Miranda and Ferdinand find a sense of agency through Christian patience, leading to the fulfillment of Prospero’s political goals and the dynastic union that concludes the play. However, the repressive side of Christian patience is also revealed through the play’s exclusion of Caliban.
Construção de identidades nacionais no teatro de Joaquim Cardozo
Authors: Carmo Estevão Cavalcante
Published: June 2020

A proposta geral deste trabalho é investigar o processo de construção de identidades nacionais no teatro de Joaquim Cardozo, mais especificamente na peça O coronel de Macambira. Para tanto, utilizamos o conceito de identidade proposto por Hall (1993), bem como os estudos sobre o processo de referenciação desenvolvidos por Mondada e Dubois (2005 [1995]), Marcuschi (2007) e Koch (2015 [2002]). Além disso, dialogamos ainda com reflexões provenientes da sociologia e da antropologia, tais como as investigações elaboradas por Ribeiro (2006 [1995]), Prado Jr. (2011 [1942]) e Schwarcz (2019) sobre a formação sócio-histórica do Brasil. Analisamos as expressões nominais anafóricas que referenciam as personagens que constituem a peça O coronel de Macambira, a fim de observar a construção de identidades nacionais no drama de Joaquim Cardozo. Embora sejam múltiplas as identidades que atravessam a peça, notamos que as personagens constituem grupos fragmentados e antagônicos, que representam, por sua vez, conflitos socioeconômicos incrustados na sociedade brasileira.
Formações imaginárias: a imagem de si e do outro em torcidas organizadas em redes sociais na internet
Authors: Castro Luiz Carlos Carvalho
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo discute-se o conceito de formações imaginárias, introduzido por Pêcheux (AAD-69), com o objetivo de analisar a construção identitária de torcedores organizados. Usa-se o conceito de formações imaginárias por designar o lugar que A e B se atribuem cada um a si e ao outro, isto é, a imagem que eles fazem de seu próprio lugar e do lugar do outro, acrescido do conceito de identidade na perspectiva da AD francesa. Na metodologia, realiza-se  uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa a partir de sequências discursivas extraídas de sites de torcidas organizadas. Os resultados apontam para a heterogeneidade da identidade do torcedor organizado, uma vez que a identidade perpassa pelas representações que cada um tem de si e do outro, pelo discurso transverso e pelo deslocamento da posição-sujeito. Conclui-se que a construção da identidade vai além das representações imaginárias, devido à pertinência dos elementos constitutivos do processo discursivo.
A importância democrática dos partidos políticos brasileiros e o comportamento do STF frente as ADIs
Authors: Araújo Tabosa de Vasconcelos Gabriela , Neto José Mário Wanderley Gomes
Published: June 2020

Para compreender a sociedade atual é importante ter em mente uma compreensão histórica acerca do processo evolutivo que esta passou ao longo do tempo. Desde a origem da democracia na Grécia Antiga até a sua forma moderna. A criação do Estado tal qual o conhecemos hoje foi o que possibilitou a implementação de governos representativos, como no caso do Brasil. Ao final da Idade Média e início da Idade Moderna, a diversidade de interesses sociais bem como a maior possibilidade de força popular, propiciou o surgimento dos primeiros partidos políticos. Até a atualidade permanecem como ponte entre os cidadãos e o governo, são, portanto, entidades de representação social na esfera política e que buscam defender os interesses dos grupos ou camadas sociais que os legitimaram com o voto. Uma vez que possuem uma imensa relevância para as democracias contemporâneas, é natural que sejam detentores de diversas modalidades de controle político onde atuam, evidentemente, isso também acontece em nosso país. Daí, munidos de legitimidade ativa para propor Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade, os partidos políticos nacionais atuam também junto ao Poder Judiciário na busca pela melhor defesa de seus interesses. A partir disso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa quantitativa que fez uso de regressão binária para melhor explicar a forma como o Supremo Tribunal Federal responde as ADIs impetradas pelos partidos e como isso afeta diretamente a legitimidade do nosso Estado democrático de direito, evidenciando a grande perda de objeto nessas situações, em especial os partidos pequenos e os de oposição. Palavras-Chave: Democracia; Partidos Políticos; ADIN.
Analisis Multi Raster SRTM, Radarsat dan Landsat untuk Karakterisisasi Morfo-struktur dari Geometri Sesar di Daerah Binuang, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Jamal Jamal , Sulaksana Nana , Sukiyah Emi , Andriana Sendjaja Yoga
Published: June 2020

The Binuang area and its surroundings are genetically structural landforms which characterized by cuesta ridge line with curve lineaments pattern on northeast-southwest direction. Geomorphological approach were carried out to determine structural geometry of geological surface using qualitative and quantitative approach on multiple map analysis of remote sensing data. The result of quantitative analysis on elevation data are used to classify heights, slope shape and steepness, lineaments, drainage, and slope aspect. Optical images were classified to determine lithological pattern and boundaries through analysis of band ratios, decorrelation stretch, principal component, and spatial enhancement. The research area are classified into eight class of structural landforms, depicting deformations that occured in western flank of Meratus Mountains. The surface pattern indicates the influence of compressional stress, shown by fold belt with longitudinal characteristic and fault-bounded anticlines on northeast-southwest axis. The formation of main structure pattern on research area was compared with that on strike-slip fault analog model. The resulting correlation factor, R=0.932, shows that both of them are highly correlated. In conclusion, surface structure can possibly form another variation of thrusted mountain belt, such as thrust-dominated restraining bends.Keywords: landsat, SRTM, morphostructure, morphometry, rhomboidal pattern, Meratus.
Agronomic assessment of gibberellic acid and cytokinin plant growth regulators with nitrogen fertiliser application for increasing dry matter production and reducing the environmental footprint
Authors: Ghani A. , Ledgard S. , Wyatt J. , Catto W.
Published: June 2020

Abstract Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are increasingly being used in agriculture for a variety of purposes. In pasture systems, the use of PGRs is relatively new and the effects of its application on plant productivity and physiology are poorly understood. A mowing trial was established in Waikato in early spring 2012. Key objectives from this study were: to determine effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and cytokinin (CPPU) application with and without nitrogen (N) fertiliser application on pasture production, N concentration (%N), root biomass and potential reduction in N leaching from grazed pastures. Treatments (with five replicates) were: control, urea (40 kg N/ha), GA3 at two rates +/- urea, and CPPU at three rates +/- urea. Implications for grazed pasture and N leaching were modelled for a case study dairy farm. Application of GA3 alone showed a significant (P
Early performance of oversown pasture mixtures on non-cultivable hill country at four geo-climatically different sites
Authors: Tozer K.N. , Douglas G.B. , Moss R.A. , Rennie G.M. , Knight T.L. , Fraser T.J. , Cameron C.A. , Muir P.D.
Published: June 2020

Abstract A trial was conducted on non-cultivable hill country (>20o slope) at four sites to determine the effect of seed mixture (grass+legume+herb vs legume) and sowing time (spring vs autumn) on plant establishment. Sites were in Canterbury (1 site), Hawke's Bay (2) and Waikato (1) on north and south aspects and differed predominantly in climate. In the first spring after sowing (12 months after spring sowing; 6 months after autumn sowing), sown legume and total sown species contributions (% of total dry matter (DM)) were: greater in the grass+legume+herb than legume mixtures; greater when sown in spring than autumn (15 vs 7% for sown legumes and 41 vs 21% for total sown species); and similar on north and south aspects. Sown grass contribution was greater from autumn than spring sowing (79 vs 65%) while sown herb contribution was greater from spring than autumn sowing (15 vs 1%), but both were similar across aspects. The contribution of unsown species was high, averaging 59% in springsown swards and 78% in autumn-sown swards. There was no effect of seed mixture or sowing time on DM production in spring (September-November; averaging 2660 kg DM/ha in Canterbury and 5080 kg DM/ha at a Hawke's Bay summer-moist site). However, DM production was greater in spring- than autumn-sown swards in summer at both sites (December-February; Canterbury: 1980 vs 1520 kg DM/ha; Hawke's Bay: 3980 vs 2670 kg DM/ha). In a wet year, broadcasting seed during spring rather than autumn is likely to result in the highest early DM production and contribution of sown species (sown grasses, legumes and herbs) in the sward. The high unsown species contribution emphasises the importance of dealing with the seed bank before establishment, especially when sowing in autumn. Keywords: seed mixture; pasture establishment; botanical composition; unsown species ingress; pasture improvement.
Integrating lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) into a high country merino system
Authors: Anderson D. , Anderson L. , Moot D.J. , Ogle G.I.
Published: June 2020

Abstract Farm systems in the dry sub-humid region of the Upper Waitaki predominantly graze merino ewes on extensive oversown and topdressed hill and high country. Smaller areas of flatter land are used to conserve winter forage crops, and grow supplementary feed and high quality pastures. The slow growth rate of merino lambs means they are traditionally retained on these improved pastures to finish in the following spring. In this system livestock demand peaks in the driest month of January and continues to be high through winter. Bog Roy is a farm that has changed this system and has established 200 ha of lucerne with the goal of fully feeding ewes during lactation. Pre-weaning lamb growth rate has increased from 205 to 235 g/head/day, opening the opportunity to sell heavier lambs in early January. Ewe lamb replacements are reaching heavier pre-winter live weights (38 kg versus 35 kg) and the flow-on effect is higher two-tooth scanning (129% versus 111%) and weaning (100% versus 84%). Lucerne has also improved the feeding of mixed age ewes from lambing to weaning, and lamb mortality has reduced from 30% to 21%, increasing weaning from 115% to 130%. The store production system also means livestock demand is kept low during the dry period and remains low through winter. Conserved feed is now only required for 50 days compared with 100 days in the traditional system. This has reduced supplementary feed costs from $10.33/stock unit (SU) to $4.82/SU. Shifting ewes to rotationally graze lucerne in large mobs early in the growing season has decreased the stocking rate on hill country. This has allowed cover to build during each spring with promising responses from legume species.
Is nitrogen fertiliser an economic option in tussock hill country?
Authors: Stevens D.R. , Thompson B.R. , Catto W.D. , Trainor K.D.
Published: June 2020

Abstract Tussock hill and high country is a finite resource. Farmers are developing these areas to increase production but often at the expense of tussock which provides shelter for stock, increases biodiversity and captures moisture in dry environments. An experiment at a single hill country site near Roxburgh, Otago was established on oversown tussock with soil of low pH (5.1) and high soluble aluminium (15 ppm) to compare the use of capital lime (0-5 t/ha), annual and capital superphosphate (0-1000 kg/ha) and annual nitrogen (N) fertiliser inputs (0-150 kg/ha) over 4 years to investigate the potential of different fertiliser strategies to increase economic returns. Annual yield of the Control without fertiliser was approximately 3200 kg DM/ha/annum, which may support an estimated stocking rate of 6 ewes/ha during the growing season. Using lime did not increase the pasture production or stocking rate, though even small amounts increased pasture quality. Use of phosphate and sulphur increased the stocking rate to approximately 9 ewes/ha, while adding N fertiliser increased potential stocking rate to approximately 12 ewes/ha. These increases were a combination of increased pasture production and increased pasture quality. A combination of phosphate, sulphur, lime and nitrogen provided a potential net increase in gross margin of $200/ha. This cost benefit analysis suggests that regular use of N fertiliser along with other known fertiliser requirements may be a very cost effective way of increasing hill country production without resorting to full scale tussock development. Keywords: gross margin, hill country, fertiliser, quality, sheep stocking rate, yield.
Sheep performance on perennial lupins over three years at Sawdon Station, Lake Tekapo
Authors: Black A.D. , Loxton G. , Ryan-Salter T.P. , Moot D.J.
Published: June 2020

A three-year trial compared the performance of Merino ewes grazing on a perennial lupin pasture with a control flock run predominantly on lucerne pastures at Sawdon Station, Lake Tekapo. At tailing in December, lambing averaged 111% and ewes averaged 58 kg for the lupin pasture, and 105% and 62 kg for the control flock, while lambs averaged 19 kg for both mobs. At weaning in February, ewes and lambs on the lupins averaged 58 kg and 28 kg compared with 63 kg and 31 kg for the control flock, and ewes gained 3.8 kg compared with 5.5 kg from March to mating in May. In September, wool averaged 4.62 kg/ewe for the lupin mob and 4.92 kg/ewe for the control flock, with a mean fibre diameter of 18.5 Î¼m. The average herbage mass on the lupin pasture was 3.0 t dry matter (DM)/ha at the start of lambing in October, reached 7.8 t DM/ha in December and decreased to 3.5 t DM/ha in May. Results support the use of perennial lupins where lucerne fails to thrive on high country farms. Keywords: high country, liveweight gain, Lupinus polyphyllus, Merino
Opportunities to improve grazing management
Authors: Mccarthy S. , Hirst C. , Donaghy D. , Gray D. , Wood B.
Published: June 2020

Abstract Improved efficiency in growing and converting pasture into product is required to maintain New Zealand's competitive advantage in dairying. This study focused on two areas of grazing management, the first an assessment of the indicators leaf stage, pre-grazing yield and grazing residual. In summary, 49% of measured paddocks were grazed too soon based on leaf stage, 62% were grazed outside the recommended pre-grazing yield, and 48% of measured paddocks were not grazed to a desirable height. The second part of the study provided an insight into farmer decision making at an operational level of grazing management with three key components identified. These were: 1) The recruitment of paddocks into a grazing plan; 2) The shuffling of the paddock grazing sequence within the grazing plan; and 3) The management of individual grazing events before, during and after the event. An improved understanding by rural professionals of grazing management decision making would result in extension strategies which generate increased farmer engagement, adoption of grazing management technologies and improved onfarm productivity. Keywords: dairy, grazing management
The effect of perennial ryegrass sowing date on endophyte presence and dry matter yield
Authors: Corkran J.R. , Henson W.E.J. , Kerr G.A.
Published: June 2020

The effect of perennial ryegrass sowing date on dry matter (DM) yield and endophyte presence in the resultant pasture was investigated in 2014. 'Trojan' perennial ryegrass with NEA2 endophyte was sown on three separate occasions (20 February, 20 March and 27 April 2014) into a Kaipaki peat loam soil in a replicated plot trial on a dairy farm near Cambridge, Waikato. The first two sowings were in dry conditions and neither showed any sign of germination until after 45 mm of rainfall on 4 April (43 days and 15 days after sowing, respectively). Endophyte infection in established plots was measured on 17 December 2014. Yield was also measured from sowing until no difference was seen between treatments, in October 2014. Percentage endophyte infection was not affected by sowing date. Establishment was significantly faster in the February and March sowings, prior to rain, and these produced ca. 2 t DM/ha more than the April sowing giving an estimated total profit advantage of $646/ha. Keywords: endophyte, Epichloë festucae var. lolii (formerly Neotyphodium lolii), perennial ryegrass, Lolium, seed storage, sowing date, NEA2
A more quantitative approach to pasture renewal
Authors: Kerr G.A. , Brown J. , Kilday T. , Stevens D.R.
Published: June 2020

On New Zealand dairy farms the level of pasture renewal has been estimated at 6% and 8%, with one analysis suggesting greater levels would benefit the economy. There is little research on how farmers set a renewal level, but we suggest five main drivers: crop requirement, historical, an event response, development and cost/benefit driven. This paper presents a case study using a cost/benefit approach to pasture renewal for Willsden dairy farm in Canterbury, which has renewed 28% and 38% of the property in the last 2 seasons. On this farm spray-drilling Italian ryegrass has shown an estimated 1.7 t DM/ha/year extra yield in the season of sowing, with a net value of $1090/ha, suggesting a payback period of around 5 months and a 198% return within the season of sowing. This case study shows there is a significant opportunity for dairy farmers to profit from better use of weekly pasture cover information to plan pasture renewal, to better assess the success of any renewal, and for pasture management software developers to provide automated analysis options to support a cost/benefit pasture renewal strategy. Keywords: pasture renewal, spray-drill, spraycultivate, perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass
Effects of closing date on seeding and hardseededness of balansa, gland, Persian and arrowleaf clovers on East Coast dryland
Authors: Macfarlane M.J. , Crofoot E.W. , Muir P.D.
Published: June 2020

Four annual clovers (Arrowleaf (Trifolium versiculosum), balansa (T. michelianum), Persian (T. resupinatum) and gland (T. glanduliferum)) were sown on five East Coast dryland farms and one moist Taranaki site. Hardseededness was measured at all sites and seed production and hardseededness was measured at three sites following different closing dates. There were no differences in seed size for any species between sites or closing dates. High levels of seed (500-700 kg/ha) were set by balansa and arrowleaf clovers after an early closing date (early September). Flowering and seed production decreased with later closings. Gland clover was the earliest to flower and with Persian clover was very susceptible to early grazing. Gland clover produced virtually no seed as flowers had already been grazed prior to the first closing. Arrowleaf clover produced very high levels (>92%) of hard seed and Persian very low levels (
Persistence of dry matter yield among New Zealand perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars: insights from a long-term data set
Authors: Chapman D.F. , Muir P.D. , Faville M.J.
Published: June 2020

Persistence of herbage yield is an important productivity trait of grass species and cultivars in New Zealand pastures. However, relatively little is known about genetic variation in this trait, principally because few studies comparing yield have continued beyond 3 years. This paper reports results from a comparison of 25 perennial ryegrass cultivars representing a wide range of functional types and genetic backgrounds conducted under sheep grazing in a summer-dry environment. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured for the first 3 years after sowing, then again in years seven and eight post-sowing, and in year ten post-sowing. Endophyte DNA fingerprinting conducted mid-way through year seven confirmed that, with one exception, ryegrass populations remained true-to-type in the cultivars sown with novel endophyte strains. The cultivar effect on DM yield was statistically significant in all measurement periods. Differences in yields among cultivars in years seven and eight were significantly and positively correlated with yield differences in years one to three (r=0.685 to 0.831 depending on which year contrasts were used). Thus, high-performing cultivars in the early years of the trial were also generally highperforming cultivars in years seven and eight, and vice-versa, indicating a high degree of yield stability in perennial ryegrass cultivars. Yield differences did not appear to be related to differences in cultivar heading date, ploidy, endophyte status, or genetic background. The relationship between yield in year ten and yields in years one to three was much weaker (r=0.392) than the relationship in years seven and eight. Possible reasons for this are discussed. Keywords: Perennial ryegrass; traits; persistence