bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generating interactive visual maps of anatomical connectivity from SPARC connectivity knowledge
Authors: Nickerson David , Brooks David , Balachandran Biruthuvan , Gillespie Tom , Imam Fahim , Grethe Jeffrey , Tappan Susan , de Bono Bernard , Martone Maryann , Hunter Peter
Published: May 2023

The December 2022 release of the SPARC Portal ( https://sparc.science ) included the first significant update to the anatomical connectivity flatmaps since the portal first launched. These flatmaps provide an interactive and visual map for the display and exploration of the autonomic nervous system of Human, rat, mouse, pig, and cat ( https://sparc.science/maps ). In addition to improved anatomical ‘cartoons’ for all species and adding a female Human map, these maps, for the first time, automatically render the connectivity knowledge directly retrieved from the SPARC Connectivity Knowledge Base of the Autonomic Nervous System (SCKAN; https://sparc.science/resources/6eg3VpJbwQR4B84CjrvmyD ). SCKAN contains explicit knowledge about CNS-ANS-end organ circuitry derived from SPARC data and scientific literature, in a form that supports computational reasoning. Each flatmap consists of a manually drawn base layer for the species-specific anatomical cartoon and a layer of manually drawn tracts for the large nerves. By annotating these drawings with standard reference SPARC vocabularies consistent with SCKAN usage, software tools are then able to semantically map connectivity circuits retrieved from SCKAN to the visual representation on each species’ flatmap. Beyond the interactive visual rendering of the circuitry on the SPARC Portal, the semantic consistency between flatmaps and SCKAN powers further user interface components on the SPARC Portal to surface additional knowledge for each rendered connection. For example, comprehensive links to the literature and/or data supporting a connectivity statement can be retrieved from SCKAN and provided to Portal users. Now that tools are in place to support this automated workflow to generate the flatmaps from SCKAN knowledge, we are continuing to improve the SPARC Portal to visualise new knowledge as it becomes available.

NIH Common Fund, NIH Office of the Director, Awards OT3OD025349 and OT2 OD030541

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Suppression of hematologic and neurological expression-1 promotes tumor immunity by regulating the GSKβ-PD-L1 Axis
Authors: Kim Soo Mi
Published: May 2023

Despite various efforts have been made to prolong the liver patients’ survival rates, liver cancer is still one of the malignancies with a high mortality rate in worldwide. The clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatments has been investigated associated with PD-L1 levels, but, the relationship between hematologic and neurological expression 1(HN1) and immunosuppressive molecules PD1 and PD-L1 in liver cancer is not clearly understood. Here, we reported for the first time that HN1 acts as a novel negative regulator of PDL1, whose abnormal expression plays a crucial role in cancer immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. This study establishes a key molecular link between targeted therapy and immune surveillance and identifies that combination therapy with HN1 inhibition and an anti-PD-1 antibody has much better antitumor efficacy than either monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Potential roles of BNIP3 mediated placental mitophagy in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gao Haijun , Wu Bin , Gao Albert , Mitchell Rochanda , McDonald Vanessa
Published: May 2023

To date, the root cause of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. A handful of studies found that mitochondrial defects occur in the GDM placenta, including excess accumulation of destroyed mitochondria, reduced ATP and enhanced ROS production, which indicates that mitophagy may be impaired in the GDM placenta. In this study, we hypothesized that placental mitophagy mediated by BNIP3 plays a critical role in the development of GDM. In Study One, to investigate whether mitophagy is impaired in the GDM placenta, we compared the protein abundance of mitophagy markers (LC3II, SQSTM1) or major pathway mediators (PRKN, BNIP3, FUNDC1) in mitochondrial factions of placental tissues collected from women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or GDM at term pregnancy, following Western blotting analyses. In Study Two, we knocked down BNIP3 expression in human trophoblast cell line BeWo using Lentivirus siRNA transfection, then mitochondrial ATP production was measured by Seahorse Mito Cell Stress Test. Study Three, the changes of transcriptome in response to BNIP3 knockdown (BKD) was investigated by RNA sequencing. All numerical parameters between the NGT and GDM groups, between the BKD and control (CT) cells were analyzed by ANOVA (n=4 or 3). The main findings include: 1) The protein abundance of LC3II, PRKN, BNIP3, FUNDC1 in the mitochondrial fractions of GDM placentas was reduced by 1.6-, 1.7-, 1.3-, and 1.5-fold, compared to that in NGT placentas respectively, while that of SQSTM1 was increased by 1.9-fold. 2) Mitochondrial ATP production at basal levels was reduced by 1.2-fold in BKD cells, compared to CT cells. Similarly, spare respiratory capacity, ATP-production coupled respiration, maximal respiration and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption were reduced by 1.7-, 1.3-, 1.4- and 1.6-fold in BKD cells, respectively. 3) A total of 382 differentially expressed genes were identified in BKD cells, with 158 genes upregulated and 224 genes downregulated. Among these genes, expression of four mitochondria related genes TOMM6, MT-ATP6, NOL3 and IFI6, was reduced by 9.1-, 2.2-, 1.6-, and 1.5-fold in BKD cells, compared to CT cells, respectively, while the expression of MCUB was increased by 1.5-fold. These results suggest that BNIP3 and BNIP3 mediated mitophagy pathway may play an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis in human trophoblast cells, and the reduced BNIP3 expression in GDM placentas may lead to mitochondrial structural and functional defects, thus affecting placental functions and contributing to the development of GDM.

NIH research grants R03HD095417, U54MD007597

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Human KCC2a Protein Expression and Phosphorylation is Altered by Elimination of the Second Cryo-EM Identified Chloride Binding Site
Authors: de los Heros Paola , Canto Aranza , Mercado Adriana
Published: May 2023

Background: Potassium-chloride cotransporters (KCCs) are responsible for the symport of Cl- with K+ in an electroneutral manner. They play important roles in numerous crucial physiological processes, from cell volume regulation to transepithelial solute transport, intracellular ion homeostasis and regulation of GABA neurotransmission. Under isotonicity, except for KCC2, KCCs remain inhibited due to phosphorylation of residues located in cytoplasmic domains, whereas in response to hypotonic cell swelling, dephosphorylation of these residues stimulates transport activity. After several decades of studies, new breakthroughs with the cryo-EM structural determination of KCCs have deepened our understanding of their molecular basis and transport function, including architecture, ion binding sites, and coupled ion transport. In the present study, we mutated and analyzed the two chloride-binding sites in human KCC2a recently reported by cryo-EM to determine whether the phosphorylation status is modified upon their removal. Methods: Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK-293 cells were either microinjected or transfected with human KCC2a wild type (WT) or chloride-binding site mutants, G136/V137/I138A (S1-Cl), and G436/I437/M438/Y592A (S2-Cl). KCC2a phosphorylation status in response to isotonic and hypotonic conditions was evaluated by immunoblot analysis of regulatory phosphorylation sites pThr926 and pThr1030. In parallel, phosphorylation status of SPAK/OSR1 activating regulatory site pSer373/pSer325 was analyzed under the same conditions. Results: Elimination of either chloride-binding site induced changes in total expression of KCC2a. Removal of S1-Cl slightly increased total KCC2a expression, whereas lack of S2-Cl showed a significant reduction of total protein in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK-293 cells. Phosphorylation of regulatory Thr1030 in S2-Cl mutant is significatively decreased on both biological models, even under isotonic inhibitory (phosphorylated) conditions. pThr1030 on S1-Cl mutant behaves similarly to WT KCC2a. Phosphorylation of regulatory SPAK kinase is not affected on both mutants. Conclusions: Our results suggest that while both sites affect KCC2a total expression, only the S2-Cl appears to be affecting KCC2a activating response. It appears S2-Cl mutation dysregulates SPAK signaling pathway, since the kinase osmotic response remains unchanged on presence of KCC2a chloride binding mutants.

AM INCar 22-1345 and PdlH UNAM Papiit IN222320

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Reverses The Impaired Airway Relaxation in Neonatal Rats Exposed to Hyperoxia
Authors: Sopi Ramadan , Reçica Shkëlzen , Kryeziu Islam , Basholli-Salihu Mimoza , Orqusha Nimet , Mladenov Mitko , Neziri Burim , Thaçi Qëndrim
Published: May 2023

Neonatal hyperoxia increases contraction and decreases the relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM), and the balance between these processes in airways is critical for normal flow of air. Thus, it is important to search for an effective treatment that targets this balance to prevent the airway hyperreactivity. The non-adrenergic- noncholinergic inhibitory system mediators such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) play an important role in ASM tone. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that exogenous VIP will reverse the impaired relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. Tracheal cylinders were obtained from Wistar rat pups (P10) exposed to hyperoxia (≥ 95% O2) or room air for seven days. These cylinders were used to study relaxant responses of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) evoked by electrical field relaxation (EFS) in precontracted tissue (carbachol, 10μM) in absence or presence of a single dose of VIP (50 nM). In addition, the dose-response relaxant effect of VIP (1nM – 1μM) was tested in absence or presence of a VPAC receptor antagonist; a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS); a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (rolipram); or a large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker (charybdotoxin). The relaxation is expressed as percentage of preconstricted state, and data are presented as mean±s.e.m. Hyperoxic exposure significantly decreased the relaxation of TSM towards EFS, as compared to those obtained from control animals exposed to room air, and these impaired relaxant responses in hyperoxic preparations were significantly reversed in presence of VIP (p<0.01). VIP induced dose-dependent relaxation and the relaxant responses were overcompensated in hyperoxic animals. VPAC antagonist; PKA or PDE4 inhibition significantly reduced VIP-induced relaxation (p<0.05), while blockade of calcium-activated potassium channel did not have significant effect.The results of this study revealed that VIP reverses the impaired relaxation of airway smooth muscle induced by hyperoxic exposure via cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and we speculate that the use of VIP might be an effective therapeutic approach to prevent the airway hyperreactivity induced by hyperoxia.

Supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of the Republic of Kosovo - Small Research Grants: 2-2459-11.

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Preservation of Ca2+ spark activity in MitoQ treated long term hypoxic newborn lambs
Authors: Abd-Allah Muhammad , Khalil Brandon , Juarez Rucha , Zhang Lubo , Puglisi Jose , Blood Arlin , Wilson Sean
Published: May 2023

Before birth, the pulmonary vasculature is relatively constricted and has reduced blood flow. The vasculature dilates with birth, and blood flow and oxygenation increase. Pulmonary arterial dilation during birth is related to activation of large conductance potassium channels and Ca2+ spark events through activation of ryanodine receptors (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This coupled mechanism is driven by activation of L-type Ca2+ channels, which stimulate RyRs. Long-term maternal hypoxia increases oxidative stress in neonatal pulmonary arteries, which may arise from the mitochondria. There is also disruption of Ca2+ sparks and pulmonary hypertension in newborn lambs. Long-term MitoQ usage, an antioxidant that targets the mitochondria, can reduce oxidative stress levels and improve vascular function due to hypoxic stress. We hypothesize that hypoxia induced reactive oxygen species generated through disruption of mitochondrial function dysregulates Ca2+ spark activity, underlying functional problems due to long term hypoxic stress. This study aims to analyze and understand whether MitoQ treatment can recover Ca2+ spark activity. To address this hypothesis, pulmonary arterial myocytes of control (N=11 normoxic, 2 hypoxic) and MitoQ treated newborn sheep (N=2 normoxic, 5 hypoxic) were examined in the presence and absence of membrane depolarization with 30 mM potassium (30K). The intracellular Ca2+ was recorded in the myocytes of isolated pulmonary arteries that were loaded with Fluo-4 using line-scan techniques on a confocal microscope. Ca2+ spark activity was analyzed using automated customized software (Sparklab). In comparison to our previously published work, the basal spark activity was generally high in both normoxic and hypoxic groups, but the MitoQ normoxic group had lower activity. MitoQ treatment did not modify Ca2+ spark activity in any group. Use of the newly designed automated detection software may underlie differences as compared to our published work. The lack of an effect of MitoQ on spark activity parallels the ineffectiveness of acute antioxidant treatment in our other pilot studies on fetal pulmonary arteries. Overall, additional studies are required to resolve the discrepancies between our current and previous work.

NIH R01HL155295 and R01HL149608, NSF Grant MRI-DBI 0923559 and the Loma Linda University School of Medicine

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Association among race/color, gender, and intrinsic capacity: results from the ELSI-Brazil study
Authors: Plácido Jessica , Marinho Valeska , Ferreira José Vinicius , Teixeira Ivan Abdalla , Castro-Costa Erico , Deslandes Andrea Camaz
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations among race/color, gender, and intrinsic capacity (IC) (total and by domains) in middle-aged and older adults from a Brazilian cohort. As a secondary objective, we investigate these associations across Brazilian regions. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with baseline data from the 2015–2016 Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). IC was investigated via cognitive (verbal fluency), physical (gait velocity/handgrip), and psychosocial (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) domains. Moreover, IC sensory domain was evaluated via self-reported sensory disease diagnoses (vision and/or hearing impairment) and race/color was identified via self-reported criteria. RESULTS: We evaluated a total of 9,070 participants (aged ≥ 50 years). Black and Brown participants were 80% and 41% more likely to show a worse IC cognitive domain than white controls, respectively (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.42–2.28, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.21–1.65, p < 0.001). Moreover, Black and Brown women had almost a threefold greater chance of showing a worse IC than white men (OR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.89–4.47, p < 0.001 and OR = 2.51, 95%CI: 2.09 - 3.02, p < 0.001) and a 62% (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.02–2.57) and 32% (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.10–1.57) greater risk of falling below our IC score cutoff point than white women. We found the greatest differences in the Brazilian South, whereas its North showed the lowest associations among race/color, gender, and IC. CONCLUSION: IC racial and gender disparities reinforce the need for public health policies to guarantee equality during aging. Promoting greater access to good health care requires understanding how racism and sexism can contribute to health inequities and their consequences in different Brazilian regions.
Panorama da infecção pelo SARS-COV-2 no Centro de Progressão Penitenciária do Butantan
Authors: Andrade Soraya Gomes de Amorim , Andrade Fernando Moreira , Silva Anderson da , Cardoso Maria Regina Alves , Ferraz Guilherme Rodrigues , Barros Eliana Nogueira Castro de , Braga Patrícia Emilia , Cristófalo Milena Martello , Vieira Júlia Rabello Guerra , Lopes Carolina de Souza , Niyama Alyne , Carvalho Juliana Lima de , Aldrighi José Mendes
Published: May 2023

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da exposição ao vírus SARS-CoV-2 entre indivíduos vivendo em restrição de liberdade. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado inquérito de soroprevalência com a população da penitenciária feminina do Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) do Butantan (município de São Paulo), entre 24 de junho e 20 de agosto de 2020. Nesse período, segundo a Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária (SAP), a positividade dos testes rápidos entre detentos variou de 65 a 78%. O método de avaliação utilizado no estudo foi o teste rápido “One Step COVID-19” (cromatografia), da empresa Wondfo, empregando-se também o método RT-PCR em participantes sintomáticos para confirmação do quadro viral. A população do estudo foi constituída por 879 reeducandas e 170 funcionários da instituição. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anticorpos totais (IgG/IgM) contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2 na população total de 1.049 participantes do estudo foi de 6,1%; entre a população de 879 reeducandas foi observada prevalência de 5,8% e entre os servidores da instituição, 7,5%. CONCLUSÃO: Houve baixa prevalência de covid-19 no CPP do Butantan, o que se deve à implementação de medidas de prevenção simples na instituição, como o uso de máscaras (com trocas adequadas), ênfase na higiene, lavagem das mãos e distanciamento social, além de outras estratégias, como suspensão de visitas de familiares e amigos das reeducandas, cortes de consultas médicas eletivas e do trabalho externo.
New species and records of Laena Dejean (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae) from Vietnam, southeastern China, and Korea
Authors: SCHAWALLER WOLFGANG , BELLERSHEIM ARON
Published: May 2023

New species and new records of the genus Laena Dejean, 1821 from Vietnam, southeastern China (Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces) and Korea are presented. The following new taxa are described: L. brunkei sp. n. (Vietnam, Guizhou), L. faillei sp. n. (Vietnam), L. honba sp. n. (Vietnam), L. tramtonica sp. n. (Vietnam), L. hainanica sp. n. (Hainan), L. hajeki sp. n. (Guangdong), L. lianhua sp. n. (Jiangxi), L. logshengica sp. n. (Guangxi, Fujian), L. yuanbaoica sp. n. (Guangxi). Laena rotundicollis Marseul, 1876 is recorded from Korea for the first time.
Characterization on fatigue behavior and damage mechanism of C/BMI composites experienced thermal cycling
Authors: Gao Tiejun , Gao Bowen , Gao Yu , Wang Baichen , Dong Shangli
Published: May 2023

The multi-directional laminate CCF800H/AC631 bismaleimide composite material was exposed for a long time under the thermal-cycling environment (−60°C ∼+180°C), and the mass loss rate, FTIR spectra, DMA, tensile strength were tested. The fatigue stress level was determined according to the tensile strength and the fatigue performance of the before and after the thermal-cycling environment was tested. Macroscopic visual inspection and ultrasonic C-scan were used to characterize and analyze the fatigue damage of composite materials. The results show that with the increase in the number of thermal cycles, the mass loss of the composite material started with increased rapidly and then basically flat. The C/BMI composites underwent obvious thermal oxygen aging. After thermal-cycling, it would lead to changes in dynamic mechanical properties by a certain degree of post-curing, physical aging, and local interface debonding in composite materials. With the thermal cycles increased the composite material tensile strength first increased slightly and then decreased rapidly. After 300 thermal cycles, the composite materials occurred slightly damaged, and the fatigue life was apparently reduced compared with the original state. The fatigue failure modes of composite materials are mainly fiber fracture and multi-directional laminate delamination. At high stress levels, the stiffness of the specimen after thermal-cycling are lower decrease compared with original specimens, more stress levels would lead to more II stage rate of stiffness decline, and stiffness degradation curve and hysteretic energy recovery curve had enough effect to characterize damage effect of material environment induced by thermal-cycling environment factors.
Preventing Coups and Seeking Allies: The Demand and Supply of Alliances for Coup-Proofing Regimes
Authors: McWard Andrew C. , Yoon Hohyun
Published: May 2023

Prevailing accounts of alliance formation emphasize either external threats or domestic politics, without an explicit consideration of how the two factors might interact. Instead, this paper theorizes about a specific type of interaction: coup-prevention strategies in nondemocratic regimes and external threats. Through quantitative analyses using the Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) and the State Security Forces (SSF) data, we find that “coup-proofing” reduces the probability of alliance formation when potential allies are under high external threat and that this effect is driven by the coup-proofing regime’s reduced capability to defend their allies, rather than the regime’s increased vulnerability to aggression. Furthermore, we find evidence for the interactive relationship at the negotiation stage of alliance formation. Upon entering an alliance, a coup-proofing regime facing a higher level of external threat offers more policy concessions to the ally, whereas an ally under higher threat could make fewer concessions to the coup-proofing regime. Our study highlights the way nondemocratic domestic political institutions can interact with external threat to shape states’ alliance behavior.
Working With the Terminally Ill: An Exploration of the Experiences of Psychotherapists in Greece
Authors: Kouroglou Vasiliki
Published: May 2023

The present study explored mental health professionals’ experiences of working with terminally ill patients in Greece, how they make sense of their lived experiences of working with the dying, and investigated how they relate to their personal and professional growth. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five mental health professionals who work or have worked with terminally ill patients in Greece. Their responses were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The main themes that emerged were (1) Emergence of opportunities for growth and transformation; (2) Finding satisfaction and fulfillment; (3) Openly addressing the negative side of challenges; and (4) Tuning into the spiritual side. Overall, the participants emphasized the importance of the different types of relationships these experiences touched upon, and highlighted the effect of their line on work on the relationship with their patients, their relationships with significant others and coworkers, and their relationship with their own selves.
Differences Between High and Low Self-Critics in Compassionate Facial Expression
Authors: Baránková Martina , Halamová Júlia , Strnádelová Bronislava , Kanovský Martin
Published: May 2023

The goal of this study was to identify differences between high and low self-critical participants in relation to compassionate facial expressions. Our convenience sample consisted of 151 participants aged 18–59 years old (M = 25.17; SD = 7.81). The highest and the lowest scoring participants in self-criticism were selected for final analysis ( N = 35). Participants, at home alone, watched a short video stimulus eliciting compassion while their facial expressions were recorded using webcams. Out of the sample we selected the highest 10% and the lowest 10% of self-critical participants according to the Slovak norms of The Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale. Two certified Facial Action Coding System raters (FACS) coded the participants’ muscular activity according to facial action units. The FACS analysis revealed that action units 4 – brow lowerer, 7 – lids tight, 43 – eyes closed, 45 – blink, 55 – head tilt left, and 56 – head tilt right occurred significantly less often in high self-critical participants than in low self-critical participants, controlling for the difference between the baseline and compassionate moments in the video stimulus. Our research found that participants high in self-criticism were less facially expressive than those low in self-critical when watching compassionate video.
What do the Public Understand About Intimate Partner Violence in the Context of Military Veteran Status and PTSD?
Authors: Mackinnon Jessica , Paskell Rachel , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine
Published: May 2023

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) represents a significant public and social health concern and may present particular complexities in military veteran relationships which are subject to unique stressors including separations, transition to civilian life and increased risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Public understanding is vital in terms of ensuring access to services and appropriate intervention. However, little is known about the public perception of IPV in this context. This study sought to assess how public recognition and discourse is affected by military veteran status and a diagnosis of PTSD. Community participants ( N = 269) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions and presented with a story containing IPV in which the profession (military veteran/civilian worker) and diagnostic status (PTSD/No PTSD) were manipulated. All participants rated the extent to which they felt the story contained IPV; additionally, half ( n = 123) took part in a story completion task designed to elicit qualitative data with regards to public discourse. The mean scores in all conditions were weighted towards IPV recognition. Results indicated a small interaction between job role and PTSD (F[1265] = 7.888, p < 0.01, partial n2 = 0.029) meaning that the public are more likely to recognise IPV when it is perpetrated by a military veteran than a civilian with PTSD. Diagnostic status made no difference to recognising abuse perpetrated by a military veteran. However, the fit of the model was weak ( r2 = .040) meaning that the large majority of variance was due to factors not accounted for. Qualitative findings indicated that in a military population trauma may be assumed even where not indicated and the public appear less likely to consider current stressors or acknowledge that PTSD cannot justify abuse. Victims of IPV in military relationships may therefore be particularly vulnerable to discourses that prioritise the victim status of the perpetrator.
The Interaction Between Job Embeddedness and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) in Predicting Employee Altruism and Deviance
Authors: Dirican Ayşe Hatun
Published: May 2023

Drawing upon conservation of resources and social bonding theories, the present study examined the associations between job embeddedness and employee work behaviors (altruism and organizational deviance) by exploring the moderating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) in these associations. Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from a sample of 637 employees in Turkey. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping. The findings indicated that job embeddedness was positively related to employee altruism while negatively related to organizational deviance. This study also provided support for the moderating role of LMX in job embeddedness-altruism and job embeddedness-organizational deviance relationships. More specifically, job embeddedness had a stronger positive relationship with altruism and a stronger negative relationship with organizational deviance when LMX quality was high. These findings substantiate the pivotal role of focusing on both job embeddedness and the treatment by supervisors in the organization to inculcate desirable workplace behaviors and employee performance motivation. The implications are discussed as well as limitations, and directions for future research are provided.
IN A SECURITY DILEMMA
Authors: Ameyaw‐Brobbey Thomas
Published: May 2023

China's economic growth and related assertiveness are causing significant changes in the Asia Pacific strategic environment, producing policy responses from the region's major powers, and gaining linkage with 1914 Europe. This article revisits the analogy, made in 2014, between the Asia Pacific today and Europe of 1914 to theoretically explain Asia Pacific's strategic environment vis‐à‐vis China's rise and the responses of four Asia Pacific powers—the United States, Australia, India, and Japan. Using the notion of “security dilemma,” I argue that a perceived threat of China's newfound confidence expressed in military aggressions creates distrust, fear, and uncertainty in the Asia Pacific, resembling Germany and its ambitions in the first half of twentieth century Europe. However, the similarity does not necessarily mean that the two environments and periods would produce similar outcomes because the strategic conditions are different. Asia Pacific today is more constrained in alliances than twentieth century Europe. I conclude by critiquing the balance of power to propose a power‐sharing mechanism in the region to ensure peace.
The Psychometric Properties of Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale Based on the Health Belief Model
Authors: Hajimiri Khadijeh , Shoghli Alireza , Hoseinzade Zarrintaj , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Mahmoudi Sousan , Hoveidamanesh Soodabeh , Mohamadi Soraya , Bigdeli Zohreh , Farsadegi Mahya , Heidari Zahra , mohamadi Tahereh , Kamali Koorosh , Maleki Azam
Published: May 2023

Acceptance of the SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19( vaccine is a very important factor to keep health workers safe. The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine using a health belief model among health workers in Iran The study was a tools design study that was conducted in the period from February to March 2020, Iran Questionnaire items were designed using text review. The sampling method was multi-stage. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis at a 95% confidence level using SPSS software version 16. The designed questionnaire had an appropriate content validity and internal consistency. Also, the exploratory factor analysis showed that a 5-factor structure was extracted and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the conceptual five-factor structure of the measure had good fit indices. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was .82 and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was .9. It can be concluded that the instrument designed in the preliminary stage of psychometrics properties had good validity and reliability indicators. Also, the constructs of the health belief model well explain the determinants of the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine at the individual level.
Smart technological options in collection and transportation of municipal solid waste in urban areas: A mini review
Authors: Singh Deval , Dikshit Anil Kumar , Kumar Sunil
Published: May 2023

The rapid increase in quantities and the mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries are increasing the environmental impacts such as air, water and soil contamination. The present scenario of MSW management deals with numerous issues such as lack of technological resources, strategical management, social awareness, public participation, etc. Globally, numerous efforts in the form of new policies, schemes and regulatory acts have been made to develop a systematic collection and transportation (C&T) method using advanced, integrated technologies. However, very few studies have addressed this issue for low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of availability of reliable resources and data sets. This paper addresses the present challenges in C&T methods and highlights the application of information communication technology in monitoring, capturing, data management, planning, live tracking and communication. This systematic mini-review is based on the availability of technical resources, consumer acceptance and cost-effectiveness of different technologies in managing the processes. The study revealed that the C&T methods in most developed countries are designed based on their geographical stretch, climatic factors, waste characteristics and compatible technology, resulting in sustainable MSW management. However, developing countries have followed the same monotonous approach in managing their MSW, which fails in C&T process. The case study provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers to frame a better C&T process based on the recent technological interventions, infrastructure development, and social and economic status.
Effect of fire-retardant coating on bamboo and banana-based biocomposites: A comparative study thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter tests
Authors: Melati Asih , Settar Abdelhakim , Rashid Madiha , Chetehouna Khaled , Nazan Okur , Berkalp Omer B
Published: May 2023

In this work, a thermal behaviour comparison of a new bamboo-based and banana-based Green Bio-Composites (GBC) is conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone-calorimeter experiments. An Intumescent Fire-Retardant (IFR) coating (a mixture of Exolit IFR36 and boric acid) has been applied on the investigated GBC materials in order to explore the flammability resistance of such GBCs. Vacuum Bag Resin Transfer Moulding (VBRTM) technique has been used to manufacture the samples. TGA test have been conducted under oxidative atmosphere with three different heating rates while cone calorimeter tests have been performed with a horizontally exposure on the top surface of the sample. The outcomes of TGA revealed that Bamboo-based (BM-GBC) and Banana-based (Bn-GBC) materials exhibited similar thermal degradation patterns. However, BM-GBC outperformed Bn-based in the cone calorimetry analysis, this is proven by the fire reaction parameters as well as the higher char residue. In addition, IFR coating improved the flame retardancy of both GBCs, reduced the Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR) by approximately 40–50% and smoke production (SEA) by 26%. SEM and EDS analysis of char residue were performed to deeply investigate the effectiveness of the IFR as a protecting layer.
The effect of Chinese-specific environmentally responsible leadership on the adoption of green innovation strategy
Authors: Lee Shih-Chin , Huang Stanley Y. B.
Published: May 2023

To examine how clean energy technology companies, achieve sustainable clean energy development, the present study proposes a new model that uses the upper echelons theory to describe how Chinese-specific environmentally responsible leadership (CERL) of chief executive officers (CEOs) influences a company's adoption of green innovation strategy (GIS) via the intermediary role of the environmental organizational citizenship behavior (EOCB) of top management teams (TMTs).

The multilevel curve model is used to analyze a survey of 50 CEOs and 150 TMT members collected three times in 6 months, and the results of the analysis support all the hypotheses. The results have three important contributions to the energy and environment field. First, the present study is the first to propose CERL, and CERL can not only promote the development of environmental leadership in the Chinese environment but also achieve the goal of sustainable clean energy operations. Second, the present study employs a specific model to demonstrate how TMTs’ EOCB can transform companies’ strategic formulations into GIS through the CERL of CEOs. Finally, the present study addresses the cultural gap through CERL, so it makes a significant contribution to the energy and environment field from a cultural dimension.
Kids back to school – parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents’ employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fervers Lukas , Tobler Lina , Knize Veronika , Christoph Bernhard , Jacob Marita
Published: May 2023

Around the globe, the coronavirus pandemic has triggered various reactions of governments designed to contain the pandemic. Among other things, the pandemic led to an unforeseen and unprecedented closure of schools and daycare facilities. In turn, these closures might have forced parents to stay at home to care for their children who could not attend schools or kindergartens. From a social policy perspective, this raises the question of the extent to which parents’ employment has been affected, as time spent on childcare might make parents reduce their working hours. To answer this question, we exploit within-country variations in school and childcare policies across the federal states of Germany to analyse their effect on parents’ working time. In specific, we compare the working time of parents who live in different federal states with different restrictions regarding childcare in a difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. Our results reveal a non-negligible positive effect of an earlier and more far-reaching reopening of schools and daycare facilities on parents’ employment. Our results indicate that prolonged closure goes along with negative employment effects for parents. Hence, containment and closure policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have substantial economic and social side effects.
Isolation basin stratigraphy and Holocene relative sea-level change on the Barents Sea coast at Teriberka, Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia
Authors: Kolka Vasily , Tolstobrov Dmitry , Corner Geoffrey D , Korsakova Olga , Tolstobrova Alena , Vashkov Andrey
Published: May 2023

The paper presents isolation basin stratigraphy in bottom sediments from nine lakes in the Teriberka area on the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. Isolation contacts in these basins, identified from lithological and diatom analysis, were used together with 25 radiocarbon dates, to construct a relative sea-level (RSL) curve for the Holocene. Records of marine water re-influx were found in the sediment sequence from one lake, located at c. 17 m a.s.l. The re-influx of marine water seems to be caused by the mid-Holocene (Tapes) transgression and tsunami event. The RSL curve indicates several phases in the postglacial evolution of the Kola coast. An early phase of rapid sea-level fall of c. 32 m around 11,500 cal yr BP, at a rate of c. 40 mm per year, corresponds to glacio-isostatically induced emergence following deglaciation at the Younger Dryas and beginning of the Holocene. In the time interval between c. 11,000 and 7600 cal yr BP, either a stillstand or a slight rise in relative sea level, cresting at about 21 m a.s.l., is suggested in the Teriberka area. This is followed, after c. 7300 cal yr BP to the present day, by a slow glacioisostatic emergence with an average rate of about 2–3 mm per year.
Examining moral injury in clinical practice: A narrative literature review
Authors: Mewborn Emily K , Fingerhood Marianne L , Johanson Linda , Hughes Victoria
Published: May 2023

Healthcare workers experience moral injury (MI), a violation of their moral code due to circumstances beyond their control. MI threatens the healthcare workforce in all settings and leads to medical errors, depression/anxiety, and personal and occupational dysfunction, significantly affecting job satisfaction and retention. This article aims to differentiate concepts and define causes surrounding MI in healthcare. A narrative literature review was performed using SCOPUS, CINAHL, and PubMed for peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between 2017 and 2023. Search terms included “moral injury” and “moral distress,” identifying 249 records. While individual risk factors predispose healthcare workers to MI, root causes stem from healthcare systems. Accumulation of moral stressors and potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) (from administrative burden, institutional betrayal, lack of autonomy, corporatization of healthcare, and inadequate resources) result in MI. Individuals with MI develop moral resilience or residue, leading to burnout, job abandonment, and post-traumatic stress. Healthcare institutions should focus on administrative and climate interventions to prevent and address MI. Management should ensure autonomy, provide tangible support, reduce administrative burden, advocate for diversity of clinical healthcare roles in positions of interdisciplinary leadership, and communicate effectively. Strategies also exist for individuals to increase moral resilience, reducing the impact of moral stressors and PMIEs.
Rent Seeking, Earning Management and Agency Cost: How Do They Impact Equity Value? Indian Evidence
Authors: Ganguli Santanu K.
Published: May 2023

The article examines the earning management and its nature of the non-rent seeking (NRS) and rent seeking prone (RSP) firms of India followed by their respective valuation implication in the light of agency cost. The various earning management components are estimated from the residuals of a series of regression models, and then compared based on categorization of NRS and rent seeking nature of firms. The robustness of the estimates is validated using various financial characteristics and a separate cross-sectional estimation model. Finally, the article uses ordinary least square (OLS) and 2 stage least square (2 SLS) regression models to find the impact of different earning management components on valuation of NRS and rent seeking firms in the backdrop of their differential agency cost. The results of the study suggest that the cash flow management by the NRS firms with lesser agency cost, is beneficial for equity valuation as the same might convey private information as to future operating cash flow, but accrual management by them impacts valuation negatively—due to information risk. For RSP firms with higher agency cost—cash flow management and cost of production management being opportunistic, inversely impact the equity value. The study provides insight as to how valuation gets impacted by different forms of earning management in presence of differential agency cost of non-rent and rent seekers in an economy where ‘cronyism’ plays a dominant role.
Identity negotiation and subculture recognition: Exploration of a sexual minority group in a Chinese grassroots sport
Authors: Xiong Huan , Guo Xinyi
Published: May 2023

This case study delves into the experiences of a women's basketball team situated in Shenzhen, South China, comprised primarily of members of sexual minority groups. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including interviews and observation of team dynamics, this research examines how lesbian and bisexual female basketball players navigate societal norms and negotiate their sexual identities. It also highlights the team's unique strategies for dealing with social interactions, group membership, and power dynamics in resisting heteronormative norms. Team B exemplifies a form of queer resistance in Chinese society and sports that is distinct from the Western pride movements and political advocacy. This strategy involves avoiding confrontation and integrating the nonheteronormative subculture into mainstream sports and society to gain support from families, the general public, and local communities, thereby promoting sports inclusivity and gaining social recognition. This study argues, from a post-structural feminist perspective, that participation in a gender-inclusive sports group provides sexual minority individuals with a unique social position and an empowering means of destabilizing power relations and reducing sexual identity tensions. In addition, it demonstrates the capacity of sports subcultures to foster collective agency and resilience in the face of dominant cultural norms, despite the constraints posed by the unaltered macro-level structure of gender. This case study provides valuable insights into how gender-inclusive sports groups can challenge and reshape preconceived notions of gender and sexuality in Chinese society while serving as a platform for queer resistance.
Embedding evaluation in non-profit organisations: Lessons from evaluation advocates
Authors: Rogers Alison , Gullickson Amy
Published: May 2023

Integrating evaluation initiatives in organisations as part of routine operations to support organisational learning and development can be difficult; extant literature lacks detail on the factors enhancing sustainability. This article presents research undertaken with evaluation advocates attempting to embed evaluation in their Australian non-profit organisations. The research involved interviewing seventeen participants, four of whom also were the focus of organisational case studies. The researchers used social interdependence theory to understand participants’ strategies for embedding evaluation and found that some elements of cooperative teamwork were more prominent than others. Participants in high hierarchical positions, or those who had influence, worked intentionally and incorporated strategies that aligned with all five elements. Examples of those strategies and their use in context presented herein may help leaders and internal and external evaluators increase the likelihood of embedding evaluation in organisational systems.