bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report on the SIGIR 2017 Workshop on Axiomatic Thinking for Information Retrieval and Related Tasks (ATIR)
Authors: Amigó Enrique , Fang Hui , Mizzaro Stefano , Zhai ChengXiang
Published: February 2018

The SIGIR 2017 workshop on Axiomatic Thinking for Information Retrieval and Related Tasks took place on August 11, 2017 in Tokyo, Japan. The workshop aimed to help foster collaboration of researchers working on different perspectives of axiomatic thinking and encourage discussion and research on general methodological issues related to applying axiomatic thinking to information retrieval and related tasks. The program consisted of one keynote talk, four research presentations and a final panel discussion. This report outlines the events of the workshop and summarizes the major outcomes. More information about the workshop is available at https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~hfang/ATIR.html.
Report on the 2nd Joint Workshop on Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing for Digital Libraries (BIRNDL 2017)
Authors: Mayr Philipp , Chandrasekaran Muthu Kumar , Jaidka Kokil
Published: February 2018

The large scale of scholarly publications poses a challenge for scholars in information seeking and sense-making. Bibliometrics, information retrieval (IR), text mining, and NLP techniques could help in these activities, but are not yet widely implemented in digital libraries. The 2nd joint BIRNDL workshop was held at the 40th ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2017) in Tokyo, Japan. BIRNDL 2017 intended to stimulate IR researchers and digital library professionals to elaborate on new approaches in natural language processing, information retrieval, scientometric, and recommendation techniques that can advance the state-of-the-art in scholarly document understanding, analysis, and retrieval at scale. The workshop incorporated three paper sessions and the 3rd edition of the CL-SciSumm Shared Task.
Applying Cognitive Learner Models for Recommender Systems in Sparse Data Learning Environments
Authors: Kopeinik Simone
Published: February 2018

In recent years, various recommendation algorithms have been proposed to support learners in technology-enhanced learning environments. Such algorithms have proven to be quite effective in big-data learning settings (massive open online courses), yet successful applications in other informal and formal learning settings are rare. Common challenges include data sparsity, the lack of sufficiently flexible learner and domain models, and the difficulty of including pedagogical goals into recommendation strategies. Computational models of human cognition and learning are, in principle, well positioned to help meet these challenges, yet the effectiveness of cognitive models in educational recommender systems remains poorly understood to this date. This thesis contributes to this strand of research by investigating i) two cognitive learner models (CbKST and SUSTAIN) for resource recommendations that qualify for sparse user data by following theory-driven top down approaches, and ii) two tag recommendation strategies based on models of human cognition (BLL and MINERVA2) that support the creation of learning content meta-data. The results of four online and offline experiments in different learning contexts indicate that a recommendation approach based on the CbKST, a well-founded structural model of knowledge representation, can improve the users? perceived learning experience in formal learning settings. In informal settings, SUSTAIN, a human category learning model, is shown to succeed in representing dynamic, interest based learning interactions and to improve Collaborative Filtering for resource recommendations. The investigation of the two proposed tag recommender strategies underlined their ability to generate accurate suggestions (BLL) and in collaborative settings, their potential to promote the development of shared vocabulary (MINERVA2). This thesis shows that the application of computational models of human cognition holds promise for the design of recommender mechanisms and, at the same time, for gaining a deeper understanding of interaction dynamics in virtual learning systems.
Transcriptomic sequencing reveals diverse adaptive gene expression responses of human vascular smooth muscle cells to nitro-conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Li Shengdi , Chang Ziyi , Zhu Tianqing , Villacorta Luis , Li Yixue , Freeman Bruce A. , Chen Y. Eugene , Zhang Jifeng
Published: February 2018

Nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA) is formed by metabolic and inflammatory reactions of nitric oxide and nitrite, and represents the most abundant nitro-fatty acid species in humans. These electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives mediate pleiotropic cell signaling responses. Here, we report a systematic approach to investigate the effect of NO2-CLA on human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMC), based on the RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis. There were extensive differentially expressed genes in NO2-CLA vs. control (510) and NO2-CLA vs. CLA (272) treatment groups, respectively. Notably, only minimal alterations were observed in CLA vs. control conditions, indicating that the electrophilic character of NO2-CLA is requited to induce differential gene expression responses independently from native CLA. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes reveals multiple cellular processes to be affected under NO2-CLA treatment, including cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, antioxidant and inflammatory-related gene expression responses. These findings reveal that nitro-fatty acid derivatives such as NO2-CLA regulate a broad array of adaptive gene expression responses by hCASMC.
Tapentadol Prolonged Release Reduces the Severe Chronic Ischaemic Pain and Improves the Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tedeschi Anna , De Bellis Alessandra , Francia Piergiorgio , Bernini Arianna , Perini Marco , Salutini Elisabetta , Anichini Roberto
Published: February 2018

This study has been performed in diabetic type 2 patients with pain due to peripheral artery disease (PAD) in order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol prolonged release (PR). Methods. 25 patients with type 2 diabetes (13 F and 12 M) were admitted in the study. The evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of tapentadol PR was based on both the assessment of the intensity of the pain (NRS scale from 0 to 10) and the nature of the pain (DN4 questionnaire) and on assessment of the patient’s quality of life and state of health (SF-12 Health Survey). Study duration was 3 months: a baseline visit and follow-up included visits after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. Results. At the beginning of the study, the mean intensity of the pain was 7.88 ± 1.17 on the NRS scale and at visit 2 it reduced in a statistically significant way; at the end of the treatment with tapentadol PR, the mean intensity was 2.84 points on the NRS scale. Conclusion. In type 2 diabetic patients with chronic severe pain due to PAD, tapentadol PR reduced pain intensity, improving the quality of life.
Influence of Ice Nuclei Parameterization Schemes on the Hail Process
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Fu Ye , Cao Zhibin , Jin Shuanglong
Published: February 2018

Ice nuclei are very important factors as they significantly affect the development and evolvement of convective clouds such as hail clouds. In this study, numerical simulations of hail processes in the Zhejiang Province were conducted using a mesoscale numerical model (WRF v3.4). The effects of six ice nuclei parameterization schemes on the macroscopic and microscopic structures of hail clouds were compared. The effect of the ice nuclei concentration on ground hailfall is stronger than that on ground rainfall. There were significant spatiotemporal, intensity, and distribution differences in hailfall. Changes in the ice nuclei concentration caused different changes in hydrometeors and directly affected the ice crystals, and, hence, the spatiotemporal distribution of other hydrometeors and the thermodynamic structure of clouds. An increased ice nuclei concentration raises the initial concentration of ice crystals with higher mixing ratio. In the developing and early maturation stages of hail cloud, a larger number of ice crystals competed for water vapor with increasing ice nuclei concentration. This effect prevents ice crystals from maturing into snow particles and inhibits the formation and growth of hail embryos. During later maturation stages, updraft in the cloud intensified and more supercooled water was transported above the 0°C level, benefitting the production and growth of hail particles. An increased ice nuclei concentration therefore favors the formation of hail.
Establishment and Characterization of a High and Stable Porcine CD163-Expressing MARC-145 Cell Line
Authors: Wu Xiangju , Qi Jing , Cong Xiaoyan , Chen Lei , Hu Yue , Yoo Dongwan , Wang Guisheng , Tian Fulin , Li Feng , Sun Wenbo , Chen Zhi , Guo Lihui , Wu Jiaqiang , Li Jun , Wang Jinbao , Zhao Xiaomin , Du Yijun
Published: February 2018

Isolation and identification of diverse porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) play a fundamental role in PRRSV research and disease management. However, PRRSV has a restricted cell tropism for infection. MARC-145 cells are routinely used for North American genotype PRRSV isolation and vaccine production. But MARC-145 cells have some limitations such as low virus yield. CD163 is a cellular receptor that mediates productive infection of PRRSV in various nonpermissive cell lines. In this study, we established a high and stable porcine CD163- (pCD163-) expressing MARC-145 cell line toward increasing its susceptibility to PRRSV infection. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting assays showed that pCD163 was expressed higher in pCD163-MARC cell line than MARC-145 cells. Furthermore, the ability of pCD163-MARC cell line to propagate PRRSV was significantly increased as compared with MARC-145 cells. Finally, we found that pCD163-MARC cell line had a higher isolation rate of clinical PRRSV samples and propagated live attenuated PRRS vaccine strains more efficiently than MARC-145 cells. This pCD163-MARC cell line will be a valuable tool for propagation and research of PRRSV.
Serum Levels of Interleukin-13 Increase in Subjects with Insulin Resistance but Do Not Correlate with Markers of Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Martínez-Reyes Camilo P. , Gómez-Arauz Angélica Y. , Torres-Castro Israel , Manjarrez-Reyna Aarón N. , Palomera León F. , Olivos-García Alfonso , Mendoza-Tenorio Edith , Sánchez-Medina Gabriela A. , Islas-Andrade Sergio , Melendez-Mier Guillermo , Escobedo Galileo
Published: February 2018

Experimental evidence in mice suggests a role for interleukin- (IL-) 13 in insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation. However, IL-13 serum levels have not been assessed in subjects with insulin resistance, and associations of IL-13 with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation are still unknown. Our main goal was to examine the systemic levels of IL-13 in patients with insulin resistance, while also studying the relationship of IL-13 with anthropometric, metabolic, and low-grade systemic inflammatory markers. Ninety-two participants were included in the study and divided into insulin-resistant patients and noninsulin-resistant controls. Blood levels of IL-13, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, proinflammatory (Mon-CD11c+CD206−), and anti-inflammatory (Mon-CD11c−CD206+) monocytes, as well as anthropometric parameters, were measured in all volunteers. Insulin-resistant patients showed 2.5-fold higher serum levels of IL-13 than controls (P<0.0001) and significantly increased values of TNF-α and Mon-CD11c+CD206−, with concomitant reductions in IL-10 and Mon-CD11c−CD206+. Increased IL-13 was extraordinarily well associated with hyperglycemia (r=0.7362) and hypertriglyceridemia (r=0.7632) but unexpectedly exhibited no significant correlations with TNF-α (r=0.2907), IL-10 (r=−0.3882), Mon-CD11c+CD206− (r=0.2745) or Mon-CD11c−CD206+ (r=−0.3237). This study demonstrates that IL-13 serum levels are elevated in patients with insulin resistance without showing correlation with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation.
Efficacy and Safety of Switching Prostaglandin Analog Monotherapy to Tafluprost/Timolol Fixed-Combination Therapy
Authors: Kitamura Kazuyoshi , Chiba Tatsuya , Mabuchi Fumihiko , Ishijima Kiyotaka , Omoto Shu , Kashiwagi Fumiko , Godo Takashi , Kogure Satoshi , Goto Teruhiko , Shibuya Takashi , Tanabe Jhoji , Tsukahara Shigeo , Tsuchiya Tadaharu , Tsumura Toyoaki , Tokunaga Takaharu , Hosaka Osamu , Saito Tetsunori , Kashiwagi Kenji
Published: February 2018

Purpose. To assess the efficacy and safety of switching from prostaglandin analog (PGA) monotherapy to tafluprost/timolol fixed-combination (Taf/Tim) therapy. Subjects and Methods. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, or ocular hypertension who had received PGA monotherapy for at least 3 months were enrolled. Patients were examined at 1, 2, and 3 months after changing therapies. Subsequently, the patients were returned to PGA monotherapy. The examined parameters included intraocular pressure (IOP) and adverse events. A questionnaire survey was conducted after the switch to Taf/Tim therapy. Results. Forty patients with a mean age of 66.5 ± 10.3 years were enrolled; 39 of these patients completed the study protocol. Switching to Taf/Tim significantly reduced the IOP from 18.2 ± 2.6 mmHg at baseline to 14.8 ± 2.5 mmHg at 1 month, 15.2 ± 2.8 mmHg at 2 months, and 14.9 ± 2.5 mmHg at 3 months (P<0.001). Switching back to the original PGA monotherapy returned the IOP values to baseline levels. Taf/Tim reduced the pulse rate insignificantly. No significant differences were observed in blood pressure, conjunctival hyperemia, or corneal adverse events. A questionnaire showed that the introduction of Taf/Tim did not significantly influence symptoms. Conclusions. Compared with PGA monotherapy, Taf/Tim fixed-combination therapy significantly reduced IOP without severe adverse events.
An Examination of HPV16 Natural Immunity in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in the HPV in Men (HIM) Study
Authors: Beachler Daniel C. , Pinto Ligia A. , Kemp Troy J. , Nyitray Alan G. , Hildesheim Allan , Viscidi Raphael , Schussler John , Kreimer Aimée R. , Giuliano Anna R.
Published: February 2018

Background: Evidence suggests that natural antibodies developed after HPV16 infection may protect some women but not men against subsequent HPV16 reacquisition. Less is known whether antibodies developed following HPV16 infection are protective among men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: Four hundred seventy-five MSM from the Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men (HIM) study were tested for serum antibodies to HPV16 L1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and for anal and genital HPV16 DNA using PCR consensus primer system (PGMY 09/11). Adjusted Cox regression was used to evaluate whether baseline HPV16 seropositivity impacts subsequent genital or anal HPV16 DNA.

Results: The risk of subsequent genital HPV16 [aHR = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66–1.68] and anal HPV16 infections among MSM (aHR = 2.34, 95% CI = 0.92–5.98) was similar or nonsignificantly higher in HPV16-seropositive than HPV16-seronegative MSM. The risk of genital HPV16 was also similar between HPV16-seronegative and HPV16-seropositive MSM in the highest tertile of HPV16 antibody levels and when restricting to those with new sex partners during follow-up (P > 0.20). Among the 118 MSM who were HPV16 seropositive, 90% remained HPV16 seropositive up to 4 years later. When tested together, MSM with the highest antibody titers (top tertile) had similar levels to females (mean = 130.3 vs. 134.5 EU/mL, P = 0.84).

Conclusions: Despite years of HPV16 seropositivity persistence and antibody titers comparable with females, this study suggested no evidence of HPV16 natural antibodies protecting against subsequent genital or anal HPV16 infection in MSM.

Impact: This could help partially explain the high incidence of genital and anal HPV16 infection and related anal cancer seen in middle-aged and older MSM. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 496–502. ©2018 AACR.
Administration of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug Evofosfamide after Conventional Adjuvant Therapy Enhances Therapeutic Outcome and Targets Cancer-Initiating Cells in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Haynes Jennifer , McKee Trevor D. , Haller Andrew , Wang Yadong , Leung Cherry , Gendoo Deena M.A. , Lima-Fernandes Evelyne , Kreso Antonija , Wolman Robin , Szentgyorgyi Eva , Vines Douglass C. , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Wouters Bradly G. , Metser Ur , Jaffray David A. , Smith Myles , O'Brien Catherine A.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: Cancer-initiating cells (C-IC) have been described in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer. C-ICs are defined by their capacity to self-renew, thereby driving tumor growth. C-ICs were initially thought to be static entities; however, recent studies have determined these cells to be dynamic and influenced by microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia. If hypoxia drives the formation of C-ICs, then therapeutic targeting of hypoxia could represent a novel means to target C-ICs.

Experimental Design: Patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts were treated with evofosfamide, a hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP), in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or chemoradiotherapy (5-FU and radiation; CRT). Treatment groups included both concurrent and sequential dosing regimens. Effects on the colorectal cancer-initiating cell (CC-IC) fraction were assessed by serial passage in vivo limiting dilution assays. FAZA-PET imaging was utilized as a noninvasive method to assess intratumoral hypoxia.

Results: Hypoxia was sufficient to drive the formation of CC-ICs and colorectal cancer cells surviving conventional therapy were more hypoxic and C-IC-like. Using a novel approach to combination therapy, we show that sequential treatment with 5-FU or CRT followed by evofosfamide not only inhibits tumor growth of xenografts compared with 5-FU or CRT alone, but also significantly decreases the CC-IC fraction. Furthermore, noninvasive FAZA-PET hypoxia imaging was predictive of a tumor's response to evofosfamide.

Conclusions: Our data demonstrate a novel means to target the CC-IC fraction by adding a HAP sequentially after conventional adjuvant therapy, as well as the use of FAZA-PET as a biomarker for hypoxia to identify tumors that will benefit most from this approach. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2116–27. ©2018 AACR.
FDA Approval: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for the Treatment of Adults with Newly Diagnosed CD33-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jen Emily Y. , Ko Chia-Wen , Lee Jee Eun , Del Valle Pedro L. , Aydanian Antonina , Jewell Charles , Norsworthy Kelly J. , Przepiorka Donna , Nie Lei , Liu Jiang , Sheth Christopher M. , Shapiro Marjorie , Farrell Ann T. , Pazdur Richard
Published: February 2018

On September 1, 2017, the FDA granted approval for gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg; Pfizer Inc.) in combination with daunorubicin and cytarabine and as a monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a CD33-targeted antibody–drug conjugate joined to calicheamicin. Approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin combination treatment was based on a randomized trial of 271 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated with daunorubicin and cytarabine with or without 3 mg/m2 fractionated gemtuzumab ozogamicin, which resulted in an event-free survival (EFS) of 13.6 months for gemtuzumab ozogamicin + daunorubicin and cytarabine and 8.8 months for daunorubicin and cytarabine alone [HR = 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51–0.91)]. Hemorrhage, prolonged thrombocytopenia, and veno-occlusive disease were serious toxicities that were more common in patients treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin + daunorubicin and cytarabine. Approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin monotherapy was based on a randomized trial of 237 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated without curative intent. Median overall survival (OS) was 4.9 months with gemtuzumab ozogamicin versus 3.6 months on best supportive care [HR = 0.69 (95% CI, 0.53–0.90)]. Adverse events were similar on both arms. Postapproval, several studies are required including evaluation of fractionated gemtuzumab ozogamicin pharmacokinetics, safety of combination gemtuzumab ozogamicin in the pediatric population, immunogenicity, and the effects of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on platelet function. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3242–6. ©2018 AACR.
Post-Ocular Trauma Corneal Staphyloma in a Child Living in an Underdeveloped Region of Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Sitompul Ratna , Kusumowidagdo Gladys , Matiur Eiko B. , Barliana Julie D. , Sitorus Rita S. , Sungkar Saleha
Published: February 2018

Ocular trauma occurring in children often leads to visual impairment or blindness when it is not properly managed. This often occurs in underdeveloped regions with difficult access to professional care at local health facilities. We report a case of post-trauma corneal staphyloma in an underdeveloped region of eastern Indonesia to illustrate the importance of proper management of ocular trauma in areas lacking such expertise and where patients have difficulty accessing even basic health care. During a community health outreach in Southwest Sumba, eastern Indonesia in May 2017, a 7-year-old boy presented with white protrusion of the left eye of 3 years’ duration following an event of sharp trauma. The patient lived in an inaccessible and impoverished area. Upon contemporary examination, visual acuity of the left eye was 1/300 while that of the right eye was 6/6. Anterior examination revealed corneal staphyloma of the left eye, and its posterior segment could not be evaluated. The patient was transported to an eye care center in Jakarta, receiving a stock prosthesis implant while awaiting a corneal evisceration procedure with dermofat graft. Ocular trauma is one of the most common causes of visual impairment in children. This case illustrates the consequences of inadequate post-trauma management and the importance of prevention of infection.
Perfluorocarbons Prevent Lung Injury and Promote Development during Artificial Placenta Support in Extremely Premature Lambs
Authors: Church Joseph T. , Perkins Elena M. , Coughlin Megan A. , McLeod Jennifer S. , Boss Katherine , Bentley J. Kelley , Hershenson Marc B. , Rabah Raja , Bartlett Robert H. , Mychaliska George B.
Published: February 2018

Background: Extremely premature neonates suffer high morbidity and mortality. An artificial placenta (AP) using extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a promising therapy. Objectives: We hypothesized that intratracheal perfluorocarbon (PFC) instillation during AP support would reduce lung injury and promote lung development relative to intratracheal amniotic fluid or crystalloid. Methods: Lambs at an estimated gestational age (EGA) 116–121 days (term 145 days) were placed on venovenous ECLS with jugular drainage and umbilical vein reinfusion and intubated. Airways were managed by the instillation of amniotic fluid and tracheal occlusion (TO; n = 4), or lactated Ringer’s (LR; n = 4) or perfluorodecalin (a PFC) without occlusion (n = 4). After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed. Early (EGA 116–121 days) and late (EGA 125–131 days) tissue control lambs were delivered and sacrificed. Lungs were formalin-inflated to 30 cm H2O and sectioned for histology. Injury was scored by an unbiased pathologist. Slides were immunostained for PDGFR-α and α-actin; development was quantified by the area fraction of double-positive tips. Surfactant protein-C (SP-C) concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was quantified using ELISA. Results: Total injury scores were lower in PFC lungs (1.8 ± 1.7) than in TO (6.5 ± 2.1; p = 0.01) and LR lungs (5.5 ± 2.4; p = 0.01). The area fraction of double-positive alveolar tips appeared higher in PFC lungs than in TO lungs (0.18 ± 0.007 vs. 0.008 ± 0.004; p = 0.07). SP-C concentration was higher in PFC lungs than in TO lungs (37.9 ± 7.6 vs. 20.0 ± 5.4 pg/mL; p = 0.005), and both early (12.4 ± 1.7 g/mL; p = 0.007) and late tissue control lungs (15.1 ± 5.0 pg/mL; p = 0.0008). Conclusion: During AP support, intratracheal PFC prevents lung injury and promotes normal lung development better than crystalloid or amniotic fluid with TO.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Hydro(metro)colpos: A Series of 20 Cases
Authors: Mallmann Michael R. , Reutter Heiko , Mack-Detlefsen Birte , Gottschalk Ingo , Geipel Annegret , Berg Christoph , Boemers Thomas M. , Gembruch Ulrich
Published: February 2018

Background: Hydrocolpos and hydrometrocolpos are rare malformations caused by accumulation of secretion due to congenital obstruction of the vagina. Hydro(metro)colpos may be isolated or can be combined with other malformations as part of a syndromic disorder. We report on a series of 20 cases with hydro(metro)colpos diagnosed prenatally, delineate the differential diagnoses, and illustrate the spectrum of associated malformations. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 20 fetuses with hydro(metro)colpos at two large tertiary referral centers in Germany over an 18-year period (2000–2017). Results: The median diagnosis was made at 30+4 weeks of gestation, the earliest at 20+6 weeks, the latest at 37+2 weeks. All 20 fetuses presented with the typical cystic structure behind the fetal bladder. Additional malformations included urogenital malformations, hexadactyly, and heart defects. Postnatal follow-up revealed that hydro(metro)colpos was associated with anorectal malformation in 11/20 fetuses, McKusick-Kaufman syndrome or Bardet-Biedl syndrome in 4/20 fe tuses, Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome in 3/20 fetuses, and Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome in 1/20. In 1 fetus pressure from an intraabdominal teratoma resulted in prenatal hydro(metro)colpos. Conclusion: Hydro(me tro)colpos is a rare prenatal sonographic feature. Multidisciplinary prenatal counseling should include all potential syndromes that can present with hydro(metro)colpos in the prenatal setting.
Automatic MRI Quantifying Methods in Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Cajanus Antti , Hall Anette , Koikkalainen Juha , Solje Eino , Tolonen Antti , Urhemaa Timo , Liu Yawu , Haanpää Ramona M. , Hartikainen Päivi , Helisalmi Seppo , Korhonen Ville , Rueckert Daniel , Hasselbalch Steen , Waldemar Gunhild , Mecocci Patrizia , Vanninen Ritva , van Gils Mark , Soininen Hilkka , Lötjönen Jyrki , Remes Anne M.
Published: February 2018

Aims: We assessed the value of automated MRI quantification methods in the differential diagnosis of behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) from Alzheimer disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and subjective memory complaints (SMC). We also examined the role of the C9ORF72-related genetic status in the differentiation sensitivity. Methods: The MRI scans of 50 patients with bvFTD (17 C9ORF72 expansion carriers) were analyzed using 6 quantification methods as follows: voxel-based morphometry (VBM), tensor-based morphometry, volumetry (VOL), manifold learning, grading, and white-matter hyperintensities. Each patient was then individually compared to an independent reference group in order to attain diagnostic suggestions. Results: Only VBM and VOL showed utility in correctly identifying bvFTD from our set of data. The overall classification sensitivity of bvFTD with VOL + VBM achieved a total sensitivity of 60%. Using VOL + VBM, 32% were misclassified as having LBD. There was a trend of higher values for classification sensitivity of the C9ORF72 expansion carriers than noncarriers. Conclusion: VOL, VBM, and their combination are effective in differential diagnostics between bvFTD and AD or SMC. However, MRI atrophy profiles for bvFTD and LBD are too similar for a reliable differentiation with the quantification methods tested in this study.
Interpreting Poisson Regression Models in Dental Caries Studies
Authors: Chau Alex Man Him , Lo Edward Chin Man , Wong May Chun Mei , Chu Chun Hung
Published: February 2018

Oral epidemiology involves studying and investigating the distribution and determinants of dental-related diseases in a specified population group to inform decisions in the management of health problems. In oral epidemiology studies, the hypothesis is typically followed by a cogent study design and data collection. Appropriate statistical analysis is essential to demonstrate the scientific association between the independent factors and the target variable. Analysis also helps to develop and build a statistical model. Poisson regression and its extensions have gained more attention in caries epidemiology than other working models such as logistic regression. This review discusses the fundamental principles and basic knowledge of Poisson regression models. It also introduces the use of a robust variance estimator with a focus on the “robust” interpretation of the model. In addition, extensions of regression models, including the zero-inflated model, hurdle model, and negative binomial model, and their interpretation in caries studies are reviewed. Principles of model fitting, including goodness-of-fit measures, are also discussed. Clinicians and researchers should pay attention to the statistical context of the models used and interpret the models to improve the oral and general health of the communities in which they live.
Negras narrativas de Guaianases: Memórias não expropriadas.
Authors: Silva Sheila Alice Gomes da
Published: February 2018

Resultado das discussões engendradas para a composição da dissertação de mestrado intitulada: “Negros em Guaianases: Cultura e Memória”, o texto do presente artigo ancora-se no conceito de micro-Áfricas e na metodologia da história oral, especificamente na história de vida, para confrontar a ideologia eurocêntrica hegemônica que fundamenta as histórias popularizadas sobre Guaianases e perceber a presença e as manifestações de resistência dos grupos negros moradores do bairro. Evidenciando uma das entrevistas realizadas para a pesquisa foi possível aperceber-se, a partir da narrativa de dona Penha Maria Lima Severino, a difusa e resistente presença desses grupos outrora invisibilizados.
A comunidade tradicional de Quartel do Indaiá: vivências e percepções no espaço rural de Diamantina/MG
Authors: Assis André Tomé de , Lopes Camila Ragonezi Gomes , Malta Guilherme Augusto Pereira , Santos Tatiane Campos dos
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo busca apresentar a relação estabelecida entre a comunidade quilombola de Quartel do Indaiá, Diamantina – MG, e o seu espaço vivido. Após uma introdutória conceituação teórica acerca do tema, intenta-se, brevemente, compreender a laço entre os moradores e o lugar. A experiência vivenciada in loco com a comunidade local permitiu apreender nuances de sua percepção com o seu local de moradia, permeado por aspectos simbólicos e intangíveis. Em virtude da histórica relação da região com o garimpo, verificou-se o profundo significado que essa atividade exerce, ainda hoje, em significativa parte dos moradores de Quartel. A análise, aqui realizada, busca, portanto, desvelar elementos do vinculo afetivo estabelecido entre a comunidade e seu espaço.
REPRESENTAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS E IMAGÉTICAS SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES RACIAIS NO BRASIL NA REVISTA O CORREIO DA UNESCO
Authors: Cruz Ana Cristina Juvenal da
Published: February 2018

Este artigo objetiva dialogar a respeito das representações discursivas e imagéticas acerca das relações raciais no Brasil nas páginas da revista O Correio da Unesco editada pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura – Unesco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que integra ampla objetivo de pesquisa que busca verificar a maneira pela qual a Unesco estabeleceu diretrizes normativas globais para a questão racial. Buscou-se identificar que tipos de mecanismos narrativos são mobilizados quando a proposta é efetivar um debate sobre a questão racial. Com esta proposta, o direcionamento é apontado para uma analítica que visualiza o modo pelo qual a revista converte-se em uma estratégia de comunicação, não apenas por sistematizar e atribuir uma determinada identidade visual à temática racial em escala global, mas por dar visibilidade às ideias e ações da Unesco.
O SANGUE PRETO DIANTE DAS JUSTIÇAS: VILA DAS ALAGOAS, 1756
Authors: Mendonça Anne Karolline Campos
Published: February 2018

A América portuguesa escravista do século XVIII institucionalizou meios que previam a possibilidade da alforria para a população escravizada. Diante dessas situações, havia a imposição de uma série de condições costumeiras (e judiciais), e alicerces que dariam continuidade à manutenção da posição das camadas privilegiadas da sociedade. Problematizações que partam dos processos ou conflitos em nome de alforria podem ser substanciais para a compreensão de escravos e libertos como agentes históricos. Mas também para enxergar afundo o aparato de soluções utilizadas para manter a dominação. Neste trabalho traz-se um estudo de caso do requerimento de Joana do Rosário, mulher preta e forra que se moveu na Vila das Alagoas, em 1756, adentrando, conforme lhe fora possível, numa estrutura jurídica que lhe era contrária, objetivando alcançar a liberdade de membros de sua família.
CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA PRESENÇA PORTUGUESA NO REINO DO NDONGO DURANTE O SÉCULO XVII
Authors: Silva Luciana Lucia da
Published: February 2018

Utilizando obras dos autores David Birmingham, Joseph Miller e Selma Pantoja que tratam do reino do Ndongo durante o século XVII nos propomos a investigar as consequências da presença portuguesa nessa região. Buscaremos identificar os olhares dos autores em relação às ações dos povos Mbundu no século XVII a partir das demandas geradas pelo contato com os portugueses que buscavam nesse momento se fixar em seu território. Procuramosndo investigar os dados que estes autores nos trazem a respeito das transformações vivenciadas por essa região no período considerado.
Usain Bolt como entidade enunciativa: a construção de sua marca pessoal no contexto das Olimpíadas de 2016
Authors: Hönig Rafael Dos Santos , Maggioni Fabiano , Casagrande Magnos Cassiano
Published: February 2018

A partir da lógica de como são criadas as marcas na contemporaneidade, busca-se analisar como o atleta Usain Bolt constrói sua marca pessoal nas competições e locais onde participa. Utilizando como base a obra de Semprini, explana-se acerca das características de marcas na contemporaneidade e trabalha-se a questão de marca pessoal – aqui denominada me brand. Parte-se do projeto de marca proposto pelo autor que é adaptado ao atleta. Em seguida, como método de análise, utiliza-se a tríade sobre valores, narração e discursos.
Emoticons do Facebook: analisando a demarcação de sentimento e engajamento do consumidor pela mídia social
Authors: Pinheiro Wesley Moreira
Published: February 2018

Este estudo faz uma análise do uso dos emoticons do Facebook para demarcação de emoções como forma de conversação e engajamento em mídias sociais. Os resultados apontam para os agrupamentos dos emoticons em relação aos sentimentos expressos, revelando a impossibilidade de se criar uma escala métrica que mensure a intensidade de todas as reações, porém torna-se mais clara a potencialidade de análise de engajamento em virtude dos sentimentos expressos.
“Décadence avec’élégance”: do decadentismo literário à antropologia material, um olhar sobre o consumo
Authors: Rainho Hélio Ricardo Marino
Published: February 2018

A partir de uma breve análise do caráter “maldito” atribuído ao consumo, este artigo se propõe a investigar a relação entre sujeito e objeto no consumo de moda e lifestyle, tomando por base duas fontes de leitura distintas: a obra clássica do Decadentismo (a crítica ao fin-de-siècle nos idos de 1800) Às avessas, de Joris-Karl Huysmans, e o clássico da antropologia contemporânea Trecos, troços e coisas, de Daniel Miller. O texto propõe uma análise do personagem Jean des Esseintes, um dândi consumidor devotado a uma estetização da vida, ante a visão de cultura material proposta na teoria de Miller, em que as coisas são “resgatadas” de sua superficialidade para uma ontologia própria que interage e transforma as pessoas.
Análise de votações nominais do legislativo brasileiro utilizando componentes principais
Authors: Leite Leonardo , Trento Saulo
Published: February 2018

Este artigo traz uma revisão de métodos de análise quantitativa de votações nominais em casas legislativas e discute a utilização da análise de componentes principais (ACP) como um método simples e eficaz para analisar votações nominais de casas legislativas. Apresentamos também nossa abordagem para o tratamento de abstenções e para análises agregadas por partido, temas pouco explorados na literatura devido a pouca relevância no contexto de casas legislativas dos Estados Unidos. A avaliação do modelo é apresentada com medidas comparadas ao WNOMINATE, um dos métodos mais conhecidos de análise de votações nominais das ciências políticas.
Participação Política na América Latina
Authors: Lazzari Eduardo Alves
Published: February 2018

RESENHA de Ribeiro, Ednaldo e Borba, Julian. 2015. Participação Política na América Latina
Alteração clorítica no flanco leste do Granito Caçapava, Rio Grande do Sul: evolução do metassomatismo e sulfetos de Cu-Fe associados
Authors: Reis Rafael Souza dos , Remus Marcus Vinicius Dornelles , Dani Norberto , Anzolin Henrique de Maman
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho investigou a origem e a evolução de clorititos — rochas portadoras de clorita e/ou sulfetos de Cu-Fe —, associados a sills e apófises do Granito Caçapava que intrudem nos mármores dolomíticos da Formação Passo Feio, Terreno São Gabriel do Escudo Sul-Riograndense (ESRG). A interação dos fluidos graníticos com os mármores gera associações minerais de alta e baixa temperatura. Os halos de alteração de baixa temperatura nos granitoides são constituídos dominantemente por clorita seguida de albita, titanita, sulfetos e raro rutilo. Clorita, calcita e, eventualmente, serpentina, talco e sulfetos constituem a alteração de baixa temperatura nos mármores encaixantes. Os halos de alteração distribuem-se em domínios ao longo da matriz dos granitoides, bem como em stockworks ou em brechas hidrotermais e fraturas contendo calcopirita e pirita. Identificam-se processos importantes de alteração hidrotermal-metassomática, notadamente cloritização e albitização no protólito granitoide. A alteração é progressiva nas apófises granitoides com modificações desde incipiente até rochas compostas majoritariamente por cloritas, culminando com a geração de clorititos. A nucleação e o crescimento da clorita ocorre a partir da substituição da biotita e do plagioclásio ou deposita em espaços vazios na rocha carbonática encaixante. O balanço de massa pelo método da isócona indica que o processo de cloritização evoluiu por meio do enriquecimento de MgO e FeO e do empobrecimento em SiO2, K2O e Na2O dos protólitos granitoides. Os padrões de abundância e distribuição de elementos terras raras (ETR) indicam correlação direta das rochas portadoras de clorita e dos clorititos com fácies pertencentes ao Complexo Granítico de Caçapava do Sul. Geotermometria a partir da composição da clorita indica temperatura média entre 280 e 300ºC para formação das cloritas.
Geoquímica inorgânica e orgânica dos folhelhos da Formação Pimenteiras: implicações para um sistema petrolífero não convencional
Authors: Souza Ana Clara Braga de , Esteves Melina Cristina Borges , Nascimento Junior Daniel Rodrigues do , Lima Nathalia Olímpio de , Silva André Renan Costa
Published: February 2018

A Formação Pimenteiras registra a ingressão marinha Meso/Neodevoniano da Bacia do Parnaíba. Seus folhelhos representam o principal intervalo gerador para seu sistema petrolífero convencional. O objetivo deste trabalho é, baseando-se em amostragem de afloramento, integrar dados geológicos e geoquímicos para compreender e avaliar o potencial produtor de gás de folhelho da Formação Pimenteiras. Assim, nove fácies foram identificadas: folhelho com ostracodes (Fo), folhelho siltoso micáceo (Fm), folhelho tabular (F), arenito fino e muito fino maciço (Af), arenito com laminação hummocky (Ah), pares silte-argila com laminações heterolíticas linsen (Hl) e wavy (Hw), siltito escuro com níveis sulfetados (S) e brecha clasto sustentada (Bc), observada no topo dos afloramentos. Os argilominerais dominam a mineralogia, seguidos de quartzo. Os processos intempéricos pós-deposicionais são evidenciados pelos altos teores de ferro laterítico e presença de caulinita. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura permitiu classificar os poros como macroporos (> 50 μm). Foram imageadas, também, feições como agregados de matéria orgânica e argilominerais com diferentes hábitos, destacando-se o maciço e o vermicular. Os valores de carbono orgânico total (COT) variam entre 0,02 e 1,31%. Cristais de pirita ocorrem associados à rocha com maior valor de COT e refletem o caráter anóxico da fácies S. Os argilominerais são predominantemente esmectitas e argilominerais interestratificados. Os resultados indicam uma provável dificuldade para o faturamento hidráulico devido à grande presença de argilominerais. A porosidade primária possui dimensão favorável, mas geometria desfavorável. A baixa maturidade térmica e os valores de COT pouco expressivos apontam para um baixo potencial produtor. Assim, as rochas deste estudo possuem um potencial de produção de gás não convencional pouco favorável, diante das atuais condições exigidas pelo mercado.
Putting the “dynamic” back into dynamic functional connectivity
Authors: Heitmann Stewart , Breakspear Michael
Published: February 2018

The study of fluctuations in time-resolved functional connectivity is a topic of substantial current interest. As the term “dynamic functional connectivity” implies, such fluctuations are believed to arise from dynamics in the neuronal systems generating these signals. While considerable activity currently attends to methodological and statistical issues regarding dynamic functional connectivity, less attention has been paid toward its candidate causes. Here, we review candidate scenarios for dynamic (functional) connectivity that arise in dynamical systems with two or more subsystems; generalized synchronization, itinerancy (a form of metastability), and multistability. Each of these scenarios arises under different configurations of local dynamics and intersystem coupling: We show how they generate time series data with nonlinear and/or nonstationary multivariate statistics. The key issue is that time series generated by coupled nonlinear systems contain a richer temporal structure than matched multivariate (linear) stochastic processes. In turn, this temporal structure yields many of the phenomena proposed as important to large-scale communication and computation in the brain, such as phase-amplitude coupling, complexity, and flexibility. The code for simulating these dynamics is available in a freeware software platform, the Brain Dynamics Toolbox.
Regions of Interest as nodes of dynamic functional brain networks
Authors: Ryyppö Elisa , Glerean Enrico , Brattico Elvira , Saramäki Jari , Korhonen Onerva
Published: February 2018

The properties of functional brain networks strongly depend on how their nodes are chosen. Commonly, nodes are defined by Regions of Interest (ROIs), predetermined groupings of fMRI measurement voxels. Earlier, we demonstrated that the functional homogeneity of ROIs, captured by their spatial consistency, varies widely across ROIs in commonly used brain atlases. Here, we ask how ROIs behave as nodes of dynamic brain networks. To this end, we use two measures: spatiotemporal consistency measures changes in spatial consistency across time and network turnover quantifies the changes in the local network structure around an ROI. We find that spatial consistency varies non-uniformly in space and time, which is reflected in the variation of spatiotemporal consistency across ROIs. Furthermore, we see time-dependent changes in the network neighborhoods of the ROIs, reflected in high network turnover. Network turnover is nonuniformly distributed across ROIs: ROIs with high spatiotemporal consistency have low network turnover. Finally, we reveal that there is rich voxel-level correlation structure inside ROIs. Because the internal structure and the connectivity of ROIs vary in time, the common approach of using static node definitions may be surprisingly inaccurate. Therefore, network neuroscience would greatly benefit from node definition strategies tailored for dynamical networks.
Seasonal patterns of nocturnal singing by ovenbirds and white-throated sparrows
Authors: Foote Jennifer R. , Nanni Laura K. , Schroeder Rebecca
Published: February 2018

Recent research suggests that many diurnal songbirds also sing at night. The functions of nocturnal singing by diurnally active birds are not well understood. We used automated recorders to record nocturnal singing from May through July 2014. We examined how date, temperature, wind, weather, and lunar phase influenced nocturnal vocal behaviour. We found that nocturnal singing by ovenbirds and white-throated sparrows was related to date with clear seasonal patterns that did not mirror the dawn chorus. Nocturnal singing rates declined seasonally, but peaked earlier for white-throated sparrows than for ovenbirds. Both species sang less often on nights with a full moon or precipitation. Ovenbirds also sang fewer songs on cold and windy nights while white-throated sparrows sang less often on cloudy nights. We show that nocturnal song is shaped by environmental factors and shows a seasonal pattern that may be useful for gaining insights into functions of nocturnal song.
Behavioural consistency and group conformity in humbug damselfish
Authors: Burns Alicia L.J. , Schaerf Timothy M. , Ward Ashley J.W.
Published: February 2018

Humbug damselfish, Dascyllus aruanus, are a common coral reef fish that form stable social groups with size-based social hierarchies. Here we caught whole wild groups of damselfish and tested whether social groups tended to be comprised of animals that are more similar to one another in terms of their behavioural type, than expected by chance. First we found that individuals were repeatable in their level of activity and exploration, and that this was independent of both absolute size and within-group dominance rank, indicating that animals were behaviourally consistent. Secondly, despite the fact that individuals were tested independently, the behaviour of members of the same groups was significantly more similar than expected under a null model, suggesting that individual behaviour develops and is shaped by conformity to the behaviour of other group members. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate this group-level behavioural conformity in wild-caught groups.
Disaster and Debate
Authors: Couto Alexandra , Kahane Guy
Published: February 2018

Faced with a national tragedy, citizens respond in different ways. Some will initiate debate about the possible connections between this tragedy and broader moral and political issues. But others often complain that this is too early, that it is inappropriate to debate such larger issues while ‘the bodies are still warm.’ This paper critically examines the grounds for such a complaint. We consider different interpretations of the complaint—cynical, epistemic, and ethical—and argue that it can be resisted on all of these readings. Debate shortly after a national disaster is therefore permissible. We then set out a political argument in favor of early debate based on the value of broad political participation in liberal democracies and sketch a stronger argument, based on the duty to support just institutions, that would support a political duty to engage in debate shortly after tragedies have occurred.