bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arbitrary decays in linear viscoelasticity
Authors: Tatar Nasser-eddine
Published: January 2011

It is by now well known that a necessary condition for the exponential (polynomial) decay of the energy of a problem arising in viscoelasticity is that the kernel (which appears in the memory term) itself be of exponential (polynomial) type. By a kernel of exponential (polynomial) type we mean that the product of this kernel with an exponential (polynomial) function is summable. Some researchers have started from this condition to seek other (sufficient) conditions ensuring exponential or polynomial decay of the energy. In this work we generalize these works to an arbitrary decay not necessarily of an exponential or polynomial rate.
Effects of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K2 on magnetization and magnetostriction of Terfenol-D
Authors: Yang Yan V. , Huang Yongxin Y. , Jin Yongmei M.
Published: January 2011

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K2 is found to produce significant effects on the magnetization and magnetostriction behaviors of Terfenol-D crystals through magnetic domain rotation mechanism. Such effects have often been neglected in previous studies. Considering different values of K2 in the magnetization rotation of ⟨111⟩ easy-direction domains under external magnetic field and compressive uniaxial stress applied along [1¯1¯2] direction, it is shown that a change in K2 causes significant changes in both magnetization and magnetostriction curves. Therefore, K2 is an important parameter that must be considered in magnetoelastic behaviors of Terfenol-D.
Increase in the magnitude of the energy barrier distribution in Ni nanoparticles due to dipolar interactions
Authors: Masunaga S. H. , Jardim R. F. , Freitas R. S. , Rivas J.
Published: January 2011

The energy barrier distribution Eb of five samples with different concentrations x of Ni nanoparticles using scaling plots from ac magnetic susceptibility data has been determined. The scaling of the imaginary part of the susceptibility χ″(ν,T) versus T ln(t/τ0) remains valid for all samples, which display Ni nanoparticles with similar shape and size. The mean value ⟨Eb⟩ increases appreciably with increasing x, or more appropriately with increasing dipolar interactions between Ni nanoparticles. We argue that such an increase in ⟨Eb⟩ constitutes a powerful tool for quality control in magnetic recording media technology where the dipolar interaction plays an important role.
Calculated dependence of few-layer graphene on secondary electron emissions from SiC
Authors: Cazaux Jacques
Published: January 2011

A decrease in the yield of secondary electron emissions of SiC, δ, with an increased number of graphene layers is evaluated from a two-dimensional (2D) transmission function of secondary electrons (SEs) across an increased potential barrier. For incident keV-electrons, a decrease of approximately 5% in δ is estimated for an increase in electron affinity, χ, of 0.1 eV suggesting the use of scanning electron microscopes for in situ thickness imaging of graphene devices with a lateral resolution in the nanometer range. Some possible improvements in contrast are indicated. The present approach also holds for SEs that are induced by photons to image local changes of χ on other substrates.
Selective-mapping of uniaxial and biaxial strains in Si-on-insulator microstructures by polarized microprobe Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kurosawa Masashi , Sadoh Taizoh , Miyao Masanobu
Published: January 2011

Nondestructive evaluation of uni- and biaxial strain-distributions in Si-on-insulator (SOI) structures is essential to accelerate research and development of next-generation-strained-Si-transistors. We investigate polarized Raman scattering from (001) SOI-microstructures with SiN-stress-liners. Raman intensities are analyzed as a function of the angle between [100]-axis and polarization-directions of scattered-light. Interestingly, inactive Raman peaks in strain-free Si for scattered-light polarized along [100] and [010] directions become active in strained-Si, which is quantitatively explained by crystal-symmetry-change from cubic to orthorhombic or tetragonal structures. These findings enable precise evaluation of strain-distributions. Based on these results, selective-mapping of uni- and biaxial-strains in SOI-microstructures is demonstrated.
Structure and characteristics of ultrathin indium tin oxide films
Authors: Guo Er-Jia , Guo Haizhong , Lu Huibin , Jin Kuijuan , He Meng , Yang Guozhen
Published: January 2011

A series of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin-films with various thicknesses from 2 to 200 monolayers (ML) have been epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 substrates by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. The measurements of x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, four-probe method, and optical transmittance reveal that the film thickness strongly affects the structural, electrical, and optical properties of ITO thin-films, and the ITO thin-films exist at a critical thickness of metal-insulator transition at about 4–5 ML. The electrical transport property has been discussed with the different conductive models.
Photonic crystal slab quantum well infrared photodetector
Authors: Kalchmair S. , Detz H. , Cole G. D. , Andrews A. M. , Klang P. , Nobile M. , Gansch R. , Ostermaier C. , Schrenk W. , Strasser G.
Published: January 2011

In this letter we present a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP), which is fabricated as a photonic crystal slab (PCS). With the PCS it is possible to enhance the absorption efficiency by increasing photon lifetime in the detector active region. To understand the optical properties of the device we simulate the PCS photonic band structure, which differs significantly from a real two-dimensional photonic crystal. By fabricating a PCS-QWIP with 100x less quantum well doping, compared to a standard QWIP, we are able to see strong absorption enhancement and sharp resonance peaks up to temperatures of 170 K.
Single-crystalline polyhedral In2O3 vertical Fabry–Pérot resonators
Authors: Dong Hongxing , Sun Shulin , Sun Liaoxin , Xie Wei , Zhou Lei , Shen Xuechu , Chen Zhanghai
Published: January 2011

High-quality In2O3 polyhedrons with different morphologies were fabricated and studied as vertical Fabry–Pérot (FP) microcavities. By using the microphotoluminescence technique, we identified a series of FP resonant modes in such systems, whose energies lie in the visible spectral range and are scalable with the cavity size. Experimental results are in good agreement with full-wave numerical simulations and can be well fitted with a plane wave interference model. Compared with the conventional one dimensional nanowire/nanobelt FP cavities, such vertical FP microcavities have much less optical loss and provide efficient optical modulations, which may find many applications in developing optical devices.
Effects of antioxidant vitamins on newborn and placental traits in gestations at high altitude: comparative study in high and low altitude native sheep
Authors: Parraguez Víctor H. , Atlagich Miljenko , Araneda Oscar , García Carlos , Muñoz Andrés , De los Reyes Mónica , Urquieta Bessie
Published: January 2011

The present study evaluated the hypothesis that the effects of hypoxia on sheep pregnancies at high altitude (HA) are mediated by oxidative stress and that antioxidant vitamins may prevent these effects. Both HA native and newcomer ewes were maintained at an altitude of 3589 m during mating and pregnancy. Control low altitude (LA) native ewes were maintained at sea level. Half of each group received daily oral supplements of vitamins C (500 mg) and E (350 IU) during mating and gestation. Near term, maternal plasma vitamin levels and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured. At delivery, lambs were weighed and measured, and placentas were recovered for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. Vitamin concentrations in supplemented ewes were two- or threefold greater than in non-supplemented ewes. Plasma carbonyls and malondialdehyde in non-supplemented ewes were consistent with a state of oxidative stress, which was prevented by vitamin supplementation. Vitamin supplementation increased lamb birthweight and cotyledon number in both HA native and newcomer ewes, although placental weight and cotyledon surface were diminished. Placentas from vitamin-supplemented HA ewes were similar to those from ewes at sea level, making these placental traits (weight, number and diameter of cotyledons) similar to those from ewes at sea level. Vitamin supplementation had no effect on LA pregnancies. In conclusion, supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy at HA prevents oxidative stress, improving pregnancy outcomes.
Isolation of lipocalin-type protein from rainbow trout seminal plasma and its localisation in the reproductive system
Authors: Nynca Joanna , Dietrich Mariola A. , Bilińska Barbara , Kotula-Balak Małgorzata , Kiełbasa Tomasz , Karol Halina , Ciereszko Andrzej
Published: January 2011

The lipocalin protein family is a large and diverse group of small extracellular proteins characterised by their ability to bind hydrophobic molecules. In the present study, we describe the isolation procedure for rainbow trout seminal plasma protein, characterised by a moderate migration rate during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, providing information regarding its basic features and immunohistochemical localisation. This protein was identified as a lipocalin-type protein (LTP). The molecular mass of LTP was found to be 18 848 Da and it was found to lack any carbohydrate components. Only a few Salmoniformes contain LTP in their seminal plasma. The abundance of LTP in the Sertoli and Leydig cells of the testes of the rainbow trout, as well as in secretory cells of the efferent duct, suggests that this protein is specific for rainbow trout milt, where it acts as a lipophilic carrier protein. Moreover, the specific localisation of LTP in the flagella of the spermatozoa suggests a role for LTP in sperm motility. Further experiments are necessary to identify the endogenous ligands for LTP in rainbow trout seminal plasma and to characterise the binding properties of this protein.
In vivo-derived horse blastocysts show transcriptional upregulation of developmentally important genes compared with in vitro-produced horse blastocysts
Authors: Smits Katrien , Goossens Karen , Van Soom Ann , Govaere Jan , Hoogewijs Maarten , Peelman Luc J.
Published: January 2011

In vitro-produced (IVP) equine blastocysts can give rise to successful pregnancies, but their morphology and developmental rate differ from those of in vivo-derived equine blastocysts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate this difference at the genetic level. Suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) was used to construct a cDNA library enriched for transcripts preferentially expressed in in vivo-derived equine blastocysts compared with IVP blastocysts. Of the 62 different genes identified in this way, six genes involved in embryonic development (BEX2, FABP3, HSP90AA1, MOBKL3, MCM7 and ODC) were selected to confirm this differential expression by reverse transcription–quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using RT-qPCR, five genes were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in in vivo-derived blastocysts (i.e. FABP3, HSP90AA1 (both P < 0.05), ODC, MOBKL3 and BEX2 (P < 0.005 for all three)), confirming the results of the SSH. There was no significant difference in MCM7 expression between IVP and in vivo-derived blastocysts. In conclusion, five genes that are transcriptionally upregulated in in vivo-derived equine blastocysts compared with IVP blastocysts have been identified. Because of their possible importance in embryonic development, the expression of these genes can be used as a marker to evaluate in vitro embryo production systems in the horse.
Adiposity and plane of nutrition influence reproductive neuroendocrine and appetite responses to intracerebroventricular insulin and neuropeptide-Y in sheep
Authors: Miller D. W. , Bennett E. J. , Harrison J. L. , Findlay P. A. , Adam C. L.
Published: January 2011

Long-term nutritional background is thought to influence hypothalamic appetite and reproductive neuroendocrine responses to short-term nutritional feedback. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of insulin or neuropeptide-Y (NPY) on LH secretion and voluntary food intake (VFI) were examined in sheep that were initially thin and kept on an increasing nutritional plane (INP), or initially fat and kept on a decreasing nutritional plane (DNP), for 10 weeks. Intracerebroventricular insulin stimulated LH secretion and suppressed VFI in INP sheep when initially thin, but not when they became fat, and had no effect on LH in DNP sheep when initially fat, and stimulated LH secretion when they became thin. Intracerebroventricular NPY had no effect on LH or VFI in INP sheep when initially thin, decreased LH secretion and increased VFI when they became fat, and decreased LH secretion in DNP sheep when initially fat but had no effect when they became thin. Therefore, sensitivity to insulin increases with low or decreasing nutritional status and decreases with high or increasing nutritional status, whereas sensitivity to NPY increases with high or increasing nutritional status and decreases with low or decreasing nutritional status. In conclusion, reproductive neuroendocrine and appetite responses to acute changes in nutritional feedback signals depend on the individual’s longer-term nutritional background.
Rapid neocortical acquisition of long-term arbitrary associations independent of the hippocampus
Authors: Sharon Tali , Moscovitch Morris , Gilboa Asaf
Published: January 2011

Anterograde amnesia following hippocampal damage involves the loss of the capacity to form new declarative memories but leaves nondeclarative memory processes intact. Current theories of declarative memory suggest the existence of two complementary memory systems: a hippocampal-based system that specializes in rapid acquisition of specific events and a neocortical system that slowly learns through environmental statistical regularities and requires the initial support of the hippocampal system. Contrary to this notion, we demonstrate a neurocognitive mechanism that enables rapid acquisition of novel arbitrary associations independently of the hippocampus. This mechanism has been dubbed “fast mapping” (FM) and is believed to support the rapid acquisition of vocabulary in children as young as 16 mo of age. We used FM to teach novel word-picture associations to four profoundly amnesic patients with hippocampal system damage. Patients were able to acquire arbitrary associations through FM normally, despite profound impairment on a matched standard associative memory task. Most importantly, they retained what they learned through FM after a week's delay, when they were around chance level on the standard task. By contrast, two patients with unilateral damage to the left polar temporal neocortex were impaired on FM, suggesting that this cortical region is critical for associative learning through FM. Left perirhinal and entorhinal cortices might also play a role in learning through FM. Contrary to current theories, these findings indicate that rapid acquisition of declarative-like (relational) memory can be accomplished independently of the hippocampus and that neocortical plasticity can be induced rapidly to support novel arbitrary associations.
rnaset2
mutant zebrafish model familial cystic leukoencephalopathy and reveal a role for RNase T2 in degrading ribosomal RNA
Authors: Haud Noémie , Kara Firat , Diekmann Simone , Henneke Marco , Willer Jason R. , Hillwig Melissa S. , Gregg Ronald G. , MacIntosh Gustavo C. , Gärtner Jutta , Alia A. , Hurlstone Adam F. L.
Published: January 2011

T2-family acidic endoribonucleases are represented in all genomes. A physiological role for RNase T2 has yet to be defined for metazoa.
RNASET2
mutation in humans is linked with a leukoencephalopathy that arises in infancy characterized by cortical cysts and multifocal white matter lesions. We now show localization of RNASET2 within lysosomes. Further, we demonstrate that loss of rnaset2 in mutant zebrafish results in accumulation of undigested rRNA within lysosomes within neurons of the brain. Further, by using high field intensity magnetic resonance microimaging, we reveal white matter lesions in these animals comparable to those observed in RNASET2-deficient infants. This correlates with accumulation of Amyloid precursor protein and astrocytes at sites of neurodegeneration. Thus we conclude that familial cystic leukoencephalopathy is a lysosomal storage disorder in which rRNA is the best candidate for the noxious storage material.
Seasonal influenza infection and live vaccine prime for a response to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine
Authors: Chen Grace L. , Lau Yuk-Fai , Lamirande Elaine W. , McCall Amber W. , Subbarao Kanta
Published: January 2011

The robust immune response to a single dose of pandemic 2009 H1N1 vaccine suggests that a large segment of the population has been previously primed. We evaluated the effect of seasonal (s) H1N1 infection, s-trivalent inactivated vaccine (s-TIV), and trivalent s-live attenuated influenza vaccine (s-LAIV) before immunization with a pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine (p-LAIV) in mice. We compared serum and mucosal antibody and pulmonary CD8 and CD4 responses and the virologic response to challenge with a wild-type 2009 pandemic H1N1 (p-H1N1) virus. Two doses of p-LAIV induced cellular immune and robust ELISA and neutralizing antibody responses that were associated with complete protection from p-H1N1 challenge. A single dose of p-LAIV induced a cellular response and ELISA but not a neutralizing antibody response, and incomplete protection from p-H1N1 virus challenge. Primary infection with s-H1N1 influenza virus followed by a dose of p-LAIV resulted in cross-reactive ELISA antibodies and a robust cellular immune response that was also associated with complete protection from p-H1N1 virus challenge. A lower-magnitude but similar response associated with partial protection was seen in mice that received a dose of s-LAIV followed by p-LAIV. Mice that received a dose of s-TIV followed by p-LAIV did not show any evidence of priming. In summary, prior infection with a seasonal influenza virus or s-LAIV primed mice for a robust response to a single dose of p-LAIV that was associated with protection equivalent to two doses of the matched pandemic vaccine.
Evolution of molecular error rates and the consequences for evolvability
Authors: Rajon Etienne , Masel Joanna
Published: January 2011

Making genes into gene products is subject to predictable errors, each with a phenotypic effect that depends on a normally cryptic sequence. Many cryptic sequences have strongly deleterious effects, for example when they cause protein misfolding. Strongly deleterious effects can be avoided globally by avoiding making errors (e.g., via proofreading machinery) or locally by ensuring that each error has a relatively benign effect. The local solution requires powerful selection acting on every cryptic site and so evolves only in large populations. Small populations with less effective selection evolve global solutions. Here we show that for a large range of realistic intermediate population sizes, the evolutionary dynamics are bistable and either solution may result. The local solution facilitates the genetic assimilation of cryptic genetic variation and therefore substantially increases evolvability.
Long-term effects of a trophic cascade in a large lake ecosystem
Authors: Ellis Bonnie K. , Stanford Jack A. , Goodman Daniel , Stafford Craig P. , Gustafson Daniel L. , Beauchamp David A. , Chess Dale W. , Craft James A. , Deleray Mark A. , Hansen Barry S.
Published: January 2011

Introductions or invasions of nonnative organisms can mediate major changes in the trophic structure of aquatic ecosystems. Here we document multitrophic level impacts in a spatially extensive system that played out over more than a century. Positive interactions among exotic vertebrate and invertebrate predators caused a substantial and abrupt shift in community composition resulting in a trophic cascade that extended to primary producers and to a nonaquatic species, the bald eagle. The opossum shrimp,
Mysis diluviana
, invaded Flathead Lake, Montana, the largest freshwater lake in the western United States. Lake trout had been introduced 80 y prior but remained at low densities until nonnative
Mysis
became established. The bottom-dwelling mysids eliminated a recruitment bottleneck for lake trout by providing a deep water source of food where little was available previously. Lake trout subsequently flourished on mysids and this voracious piscivore now dominates the lake fishery; formerly abundant kokanee were extirpated, and native bull and westslope cutthroat trout are imperiled. Predation by
Mysis
shifted zooplankton and phytoplankton community size structure. Bayesian change point analysis of primary productivity (27-y time series) showed a significant step increase of 55 mg C m
−2
d
−1
(i.e., 21% rise) concurrent with the mysid invasion, but little trend before or after despite increasing nutrient loading.
Mysis
facilitated predation by lake trout and indirectly caused the collapse of kokanee, redirecting energy flow through the ecosystem that would otherwise have been available to other top predators (bald eagles).
Continuous-time model of structural balance
Authors: Marvel Seth A. , Kleinberg Jon , Kleinberg Robert D. , Strogatz Steven H.
Published: January 2011

It is not uncommon for certain social networks to divide into two opposing camps in response to stress. This happens, for example, in networks of political parties during winner-takes-all elections, in networks of companies competing to establish technical standards, and in networks of nations faced with mounting threats of war. A simple model for these two-sided separations is the dynamical system
dX
/
dt
 = 
X
2
, where
X
is a matrix of the friendliness or unfriendliness between pairs of nodes in the network. Previous simulations suggested that only two types of behavior were possible for this system: Either all relationships become friendly or two hostile factions emerge. Here we prove that for generic initial conditions, these are indeed the only possible outcomes. Our analysis yields a closed-form expression for faction membership as a function of the initial conditions and implies that the initial amount of friendliness in large social networks (started from random initial conditions) determines whether they will end up in intractable conflict or global harmony.
Causes of lifetime fitness of Darwin's finches in a fluctuating environment
Authors: Grant Peter R. , Grant B. Rosemary
Published: January 2011

The genetic basis of variation in fitness of many organisms has been studied in the laboratory, but relatively little is known of fitness variation in natural environments or its causes. Lifetime fitness (recruitment) may be determined solely by producing many offspring, modified by stochastic effects on their subsequent survival up to the point of breeding, or by an additional contribution made by the high quality of the offspring owing to nonrandom mate choice. To investigate the determinants of lifetime fitness, we measured offspring production, longevity, and lifetime number of mates in four cohorts of two long-lived species of socially monogamous Darwin's finch species,Geospiza fortisandG. scandens, on the equatorial Galápagos Island of Daphne Major. Regression analysis showed that the lifetime production of fledglings was predicted by lifetime number of clutches and that recruitment was predicted by lifetime number of fledglings and longevity. There was little support for a hypothesis of selective mating by females. The offspring sired by extrapair mates were no more fit in terms of recruitment than were half-sibs sired by social mates. These findings provide insight into the evolution of life history strategies of tropical birds. Darwin's finches deviate from the standard tropical pattern of a slow pace of life by combining tropical (long lifespan) and temperate (large clutch size) characteristics. Our study of fitness shows why this is so in terms of selective pressures (fledgling production and adult longevity) and ecological opportunities (pulsed food supply and relatively low predation).
Quantity implicatures in reference understanding
Authors: Gundel Jeanette K. , Mulkern Ann E.
Published: January 2011

Gundel, Hedberg and Zacharski (1993) propose a framework whereby different referring forms conventionally signal different cognitive statuses on an implica-tional 'givenness hierarchy'. Interaction of the hierarchy with Grice's Maxim of Quantity gives rise to scalar implicatures which further constrain the choice among forms and their interpretations when necessary conditions for more than one form are met. Wilson (1992) and Matsui (1995) show that reference assignment for NPs introduced by the definite article is constrained within Relevance Theory by the automatic selection of an interpretation that yields adequate contextual effects for minimal processing effort. This paper proposes that an optimal account of how people understand the intended referent of an NP must appeal to both the Givenness Hierarchy and Relevance Theory. Such an account still requires the first part of the Quantity Maxim, however, either as a socially based assumption or as part of the Principle of Relevance itself
Symbols and icons in diagrammatic representation
Authors: Fenk August
Published: January 2011

The distinction between symbolizing, i.e., representing concepts or propositions, and simulating allows a simple description of (a) representations where symbolizing and simulating coincide ("iconic symbols", like in pictograms and onomato-poetic words), (b) representations realizing simulating and symbolizing functions by separate elements (as in charts and graphs), and (c) representations combining figurai symbols with linguistic symbols, such as logical pictures. These figurai symbols seem to derive their form from spatial metaphors. A more specific assumption was tested in two experiments: the more precise the mapping between logical picture and spatial metaphors in the text, the higher the efficiency of this two-dimensional analogy in reducing the cognitive load of the text. The experiments had to meet the requirement of an equivalent "meaning " of the text-picture combinations to be compared. In both experiments the data of the guessing-tests used for measuring the "cognitive load" showed the expected tendency.
The Triple Head Motif on Medieval Choir Stalls
Authors: Block Elaine C.
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The triple head motif is a visual composition consisting of three heads on a single neck, with three noses, three mouths, but often only one pair of eyes. It appears on at least twenty-four medieval misericords, as well as in other contemporary artistic media throughout Europe. The motif is probably of Celtic origin although it existed also in ancient Greece and Rome. In this article I claim that the usual interpretation of this motif on choir stalls, the Trinity, is incorrect. Other possibilities are: the God Janus, the virtue of Prudence, intensity of emotion, the three ages of man, the three races of man, a symbol of power, a Bacchic Trinity and a Trinity of Hell. The image undoubtedly does not always bear the same meaning. In all cases, the tripling of the head seems to connote power, as it did with triple headed Celtic Gods. It is often a symbol of evil and a crowned tripled head may indicate the Antichrist. Other misericords in the ensemble of stalls and other attributes in the composition must be considered before arriving at a conclusive meaning for this motif.
Four American Aesopic Parodists
Authors: Carlson Gregory I.
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Carlson considers four Americans who took Aesopic texts and created others that somehow transform the originals. For each author he asks two questions: What does he do with Aesop's stories? And what is the effect. For the latter three, there is also a small sampling of images. Bierce the cynic gives fables a surprising switch. The effects of surprise are to challenge rethinking and to suggest that things are worse than we thought. Thurber disrupts, divides, and denies traditional fables in order to undermine the easy validity people give to tradition. Zimler adds new morals or surprising new phases to traditional fables and pokes fun at the psychology of characters in order to create a humorous new interpretation for each fable. Eichenberg the social critic combines strong woodcuts and playful textst to present his own mix of amusement and accusation.
Lessing's Fragmentary History of the Aesopic Fable
Authors: Carnes Pack
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This article deals with the fragments Lessing left on the History of the Aesopic Fable. It analyses the fragments, and discusses modern materials as an aid toward a modern History.
Reynaert as Mystic
Authors: Wackers Paul
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This article analyses a fragment from Reynaerts historie (vv. 4132-65) in which Reynaert the fox presents himself as a mystic. The contents of this passage can be linked with texts and ideas of a heretical movement, called "Brethren and Sistern of the Free Spirit". It is argued that this is one of the moments in the story in which Reynaert falsely presents a positive image of his motives. He lies here (again) by telling the truth, albeit not the whole truth. A short discussion of the way this passage was reworked in the later, European tradition of Reynaerts historie concludes the article.
Balzac auteur médiéval satirique dans Les Paysans
Authors: Weill Isabelle
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Les Paysans d'Honoré de Balzac constitue la première oeuvre romanesque moderne consacrée au monde rural français. Il est curieux de constater que Balzac, dans ce roman inachevé, qui aurait dû être une gigantesque fresque, dépeignant la lutte sans merci que mènent les "prolétaires" de campagne, déçus par les faibles acquis de la Révolution de Quatre-vingt-neuf, ligués avec la petite bourgeoisie de la province, contre un grand propriétaire, puise en fait dans le même fonds anthropologique que notre Roman de Renart, à la différence que ce sont ici des hommes qui sont vus comme des animaux. On peut retrouver aussi des motifs communs (la tromperie liée à la cupidité du trompé, la violence et la grossièreté des moeurs) aux Fabliaux que Balzac connaissait d'après l'édition Barbazan et Méon
Araignée entre Satan et Dieu
Authors: Koléa Paulin Zigui
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Le décepteur, personnage universel? Des "huit modèles capables de contaminations" exposés par J. Batany dans Scène et Coulisses du Roman de Renart (Paris: Sedes, 1990) nous retenons deux, le héros démoniaque et le héros divin que nous appliquons à Araignée. Le dernier visage (le héros divin) qui fait que le décepteur africain diffère de Renart est une preuve du "Faux type universel".
Eloge de l'Ane
Authors: Lucken Christopher
Published: January 2011

Résumé
L'éloge de l'âne apparaît, dans le Phèdre de Platon, comme le propre de l'orateur qui, sous l'ombre d'un discours qui l'apparente à un cheval, masque la nature vile de l'âne. Tandis que le philosophe dénonce l'âne caché sous le vêtement de son double pour ne réserver son éloge qu'à un cheval authentique. Mais on peut encore envisager un troisième type d'éloge: qui serait décerné à un âne qui n'aurait pas peur d'apparaître comme tel. A partir du mythe platonicien du char de l'âme tiré par deux chevaux, l'un bon, l'autre mauvais, et des Métamorphoses d'Apulée, nous nous sommes intéressés à la fonction de ce "mauvais cheval" auquel l'âne peut être identifié, dont la figure et le braiment caractéristique sont revendiqués par plusieurs auteurs d'une manière différente du topos de l'ânesse de Balaam. Nous nous appuyons principalement sur le De Nugis curialium de Gautier Map, l'Asino de Machiavel, de Ragionamente sovra del asino de G.B. Pino et Rabelais.
Pierre Sala et le récit-cadre.
Authors: Trachsler Richard
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Le présent article s'interroge sur les variantes que présente le récit-cadre dans les deux rédactions inédites des Prouesses et Hardiesses de Pierre Sala, conservées chacune dans un manuscrit (Paris, BN f. fr. 584 et 10420), brièvement décrits ici. L'examen détaillé des modifications montre que l'auteur est soucieux de mettre en scène une société conteuse de tradition boccacienne. Si les datations ici avancées (peu après 1515 pour la première rédaction, 1522-23 pour la seconde) sont exactes, il s'agirait d'un des premiers encadrements de ce type en langue française, après la traduction du Décaméron par Laurent de Premierfait mais bien avant l'Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre.
There Were Fables Before Aesop
Authors: van Dijk Gert-Jan
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper aims, in general, at drawing attention to the many fables not included in fable collections. It focuses, more particularly, on the fables which can be found throughout Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greek literature, predating the extant ancient fable collections. Some of these stray fables are unique, others significantly vary well-known themes; all of them show that the genre is a flexible form, which can be adapted to widely divergent literary and social contexts. In this article the intrinsic interest and functional richness of the "non-collection" fable tradition are exemplified by analyses of the fable of the Lion Cub and the Man from a tragedy by Aeschylus, the lyric poet Archilochus' version of the fable of the Fox and the Eagle, and the multifunctionality of the fable of the Dung Beetle and the Eagle in three different comedies by Aristophanes.
Le metamorfosi di Fauvel
Authors: Lecco Margherita
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Dans les miniatures du manuscrit B.N. f. fr. 146, qui nous a conservé la version du Roman de Fauvel écrite par Chaillou de Pestain, le cheval Fauvel se métamorphose en homme à l'arrière-train de cheval (centaure) et en homme à la tête de cheval ("hippocéphale"). La contribution vise à démontrer que les miniatures qui mettent en scène Fauvel à la tête de cheval relèvent d'un fondement parodique, tel que dans certaines branches du Roman de Renart, contrefaisant les motifs des rites religieux pour souligner la conduite infâme de Fauvel.
Der Fuchs im Buch der Beispiele der alten Weisen Antons von Pforr
Authors: Obermaier Sabine
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag widmet sich - am Beispiel der Fuchsfabeln im Buch der Beispiele -einem methodischen Problem: Wie läßt sich ein Text interpretieren, der zum einen eine Ubersetzung ist (deren Original und unmittelbare Vorlage verloren sind) und der zum anderen seinen Textbestand verschiedenen Zeiten und Kulturen verdankt. Erprobt und diskutiert werden dabei drei elementare Wege: 1. die textgeschichtliche Interpretation; 2. die produktionsåsthetische Interpretation mittels des Vergleichs der Ubersetzung mit ihr-er (rekonstruierbaren?) Vorlage; 3. die rezeptionsästhetische Interpretation. Der Beitrag versteht sich also als erste skizzenhafte Vorstudie zu einer geplanten Gesamtinterpreta-tion des Buchs der Beispiele, die noch immer ein Desiderat ist.
Sexe et salut dans la première Vie des Pères
Authors: Tudor Adrian P.
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Cet essai traite de la première Vie des Pères, il se concentre sur deux contes tirés de sources patristiques et sur le motif important du sexe. Recueil de contes pieux, la première Vie des Pères parle souvent du sexe, sans que ce motif presque omni-présent ne soit le sujet de l'enseignement moral principal d'aucun de ses 41 contes. L'étude du motif analogue de l'espace 'saint' indique que l'auteur puisait non seulement dans la tradition iconographique de l'espace, mais employait également une architecture textuelle: la sexualité est une transgression de l'espace 'saint' et ne peut avoir lieu que dans le siècle. Ce même motif est présent dans quelques illustrations manuscrites du XIIIe siecle, montrant le lien indissoluble entre sexe et salut.
La liturgie, Le Roman de Renart, et le problème du blasphème dans la vie littéraire au Moyen Age, ou Les bêtes peuvent-elles blasphémer?
Authors: Vitz Evelyn Birge
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Cet article analyse les traitements comiques - parodiques, satiriques, etc.- de la liturgie dans Le Roman de Renart. On pose la question: est-ce que certaines branches sont "blasphématoires"? OUI, car on peut trouver dans le Renart un dénigrement radical de Dieu et de la foi chrétienne. NON, parce que la critique et la raillerie anti-religieuses, telles qu'on les trouve dans le Renart n'ont pas été jugées comme blasphématoires au Moyen Age. En fait, aucune oeuvre "littéraire" n'était taxée de blasphème; cela tient aux définitions médiévales de ce péché.
Le Corbeau reine des oiseaux? Les versions françaises de la fable du Renard et du Corbeau au seizième siecle
Authors: Cifarelli Paola
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Par son indice de fréquence eleve et par la distribution chronologique equilibree de ses attestations, la fable du Renard et du Corbeau semble constituer un observatoire privilegie pour l'analyse de revolution du genre de la fable en France au XVP siecle.
D'un cote, l'etude du corpus (onze versions) dans ses rapports avec les sources latines sanctionne la persistance de la tradition medievale; d'autre part, la comparaison des caracteristiques stylistiques propres aux versions franchises permet de mettre en evidence la recherche d'une stylistique nouvelle qui, surtout a partir de la seconde moitie du siecle, se traduit dans un souci de litterarite inconnu jusque-la et investissant le domaine de la prose, aussi bien que celui de la poésie.
Le texte g de la Branche IV du Roman de Renart
Authors: Harano Noboru
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Bien que les manuscrits soient groupés en trois familles, on se demande s'il y a véritablement trois "versions" du Roman de Renart au sens strict du terme, ou s'il n'y a que deux versions ((X, p) et si la troisième n'est qu'une compilation des deux précédentes. C'est dans cette optique qu'on va examiner trois textes (a, b, g) de la branche IV.
Das "Heraldische Bestiarium" Johannes' de Bado Aureo
Authors: Trachsler Richard
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag befaßt sich mit einem kleinen heraldischen Werk, das den Titel Tractatus Magistri Iohannis de Bado Aureo cum Francisco de Foveis in distinctionibus armorum trägt. Es handelt sich hierbei um ein Bandchen, welches, wohl zum gebrauch angehender Herolde, auf engem Raum die Grundbegriffe der Wappenlehre vermittelt. Heute in der Forschung nahezu unbeachtet, hat der Traktat im Mittelalter und der frühen Neuzeit eine beachtliche Verbreitung gekannt. Der Artikel steilt die Schrift in ihren historischen Kontext und untersucht, insbesondere für das Kapitel, welches über Wappentiere handelt und den originellsten Teil des Werks darstellt, Quellen und Ausrichtung.
Interpretation Research in Japan
Authors: Kondo Masaomi , Mizuno Akira
Published: January 2011

The following is a personal account of how a small number of conference interpreters and others interested in the conference interpreting profession in Japan launched the Interpreting Research Assocation of Japan. The paper also reviews some of the pertinent writings, mainly in Japanese, which discuss various aspects of conference interpreting. It is hoped that this article will help shed some light on a number of issues we face in promoting interpretation research, as well as on the profession itself, in Japan.
IGF-II is regulated by microRNA-125b in skeletal myogenesis
Authors: Ge Yejing , Sun Yuting , Chen Jie
Published: January 2011

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of skeletal myogenesis, but our knowledge of the identity of the myogenic miRNAs and their targets remains limited. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel myogenic miRNA, miR-125b. We find that the levels of miR-125b decline during myogenesis and that miR-125b negatively modulates myoblast differentiation in culture and muscle regeneration in mice. Our results identify IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor 2), a critical regulator of skeletal myogenesis, as a direct and major target of miR-125b in both myocytes and regenerating muscles, revealing for the first time an miRNA mechanism controlling IGF-II expression. In addition, we provide evidence suggesting that miR-125b biogenesis is negatively controlled by kinase-independent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling both in vitro and in vivo as a part of a dual mechanism by which mTOR regulates the production of IGF-II, a master switch governing the initiation of skeletal myogenesis.
Correlated fluorescence and 3D electron microscopy with high sensitivity and spatial precision
Authors: Kukulski Wanda , Schorb Martin , Welsch Sonja , Picco Andrea , Kaksonen Marko , Briggs John A.G.
Published: January 2011

Correlative electron and fluorescence microscopy has the potential to elucidate the ultrastructural details of dynamic and rare cellular events, but has been limited by low precision and sensitivity. Here we present a method for direct mapping of signals originating from ∼20 fluorescent protein molecules to 3D electron tomograms with a precision of less than 100 nm. We demonstrate that this method can be used to identify individual HIV particles bound to mammalian cell surfaces. We also apply the method to image microtubule end structures bound to mal3p in fission yeast, and demonstrate that growing microtubule plus-ends are flared in vivo. We localize Rvs167 to endocytic sites in budding yeast, and show that scission takes place halfway through a 10-s time period during which amphiphysins are bound to the vesicle neck. This new technique opens the door for direct correlation of fluorescence and electron microscopy to visualize cellular processes at the ultrastructural scale.
Holomorphic shadows in the eyes of model theory
Authors: Kessler Liat
Published: January 2011

We define a subset of an almost complex manifold

(
M
,
J
)

(M,J)

to be a holomorphic shadow if it is the image of a

J
J

-holomorphic map from a compact complex manifold. Notice that a

J
J

-holomorphic curve is a holomorphic shadow, and so is a complex subvariety of a compact complex manifold.

We show that under some conditions on an almost complex structure

J
J

on a manifold

M
M

, the holomorphic shadows in the Cartesian products of

(
M
,
J
)

(M,J)

form a Zariski-type structure. Checking this leads to non-trivial geometric questions and results. We then apply the work of Hrushovski and Zilber on Zariski-type structures.

We also restate results of Gromov and McDuff on

J
J

-holomorphic curves in symplectic geometry in the language of shadows structures.
Proteasomal degradation of Sfp1 contributes to the repression of ribosome biogenesis during starvation and is mediated by the proteasome activator Blm10
Authors: Lopez Antonio Diaz , Tar Krisztina , Krügel Undine , Dange Thomas , Ros Ignacio Guerrero , Schmidt* Marion
Published: January 2011

The regulation of ribosomal protein (RP) gene transcription is tightly linked to the nutrient status of the cell and is under the control of metabolic signaling pathways. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae several transcriptional activators mediate efficient RP gene transcription during logarithmic growth and dissociate from RP gene promoters upon nutrient limitation. Repression of RP gene transcription appears to be regulated predominantly by posttranslational modification and cellular localization of transcriptional activators. We report here that one of these factors, Sfp1, is degraded by the proteasome and that the proteasome activator Blm10 is required for regulated Sfp1 degradation. Loss of Blm10 results in the stabilization and increased nuclear abundance of Sfp1 during nutrient limitation, increased transcription of RP genes, increased levels of RPs, and decreased rapamycin-induced repression of RP genes. Thus we conclude that proteasomal degradation of Sfp1 is mediated by Blm10 and contributes to the repression of ribosome biogenesis under nutrient depletion.
Nup98 regulates bipolar spindle assembly through association with microtubules and opposition of MCAK
Authors: Cross Marie K. , Powers Maureen A.
Published: January 2011

During mitosis, the nuclear pore complex is disassembled and, increasingly, nucleoporins are proving to have mitotic functions when released from the pore. We find a contribution of the nucleoporin Nup98 to mitotic spindle assembly through regulation of microtubule dynamics. When added to Xenopus extract spindle assembly assays, the C-terminal domain of Nup98 stimulates uncontrolled growth of microtubules. Conversely, inhibition or depletion of Nup98 leads to formation of stable monopolar spindles. Spindle bipolarity is restored by addition of purified, recombinant Nup98 C-terminus. The minimal required region of Nup98 corresponds to a portion of the C-terminal domain lacking a previously characterized function. We show association between this region of the C-terminus of Nup98 and both Taxol-stabilized microtubules and the microtubule-depolymerizing mitotic centromere–associated kinesin (MCAK). Importantly, we demonstrate that this domain of Nup98 inhibits MCAK depolymerization activity in vitro. These data support a model in which Nup98 interacts with microtubules and antagonizes MCAK activity, thus promoting bipolar spindle assembly.
Tabix: fast retrieval of sequence features from generic TAB-delimited files
Authors: Li Heng
Published: January 2011

Summary: Tabix is the first generic tool that indexes position sorted files in TAB-delimited formats such as GFF, BED, PSL, SAM and SQL export, and quickly retrieves features overlapping specified regions. Tabix features include few seek function calls per query, data compression with gzip compatibility and direct FTP/HTTP access. Tabix is implemented as a free command-line tool as well as a library in C, Java, Perl and Python. It is particularly useful for manually examining local genomic features on the command line and enables genome viewers to support huge data files and remote custom tracks over networks.

Availability and Implementation:  http://samtools.sourceforge.net.

Contact:  hengli@broadinstitute.org
Wave-spec: a preprocessing package for mass spectrometry data
Authors: Li Ming , Chen Shuo , Zhang Joan , Chen Heidi , Shyr Yu
Published: January 2011

Summary:Wave-spec is a pre-processing package for mass spectrometry (MS) data. The package includes several novel algorithms that overcome conventional difficulties with the pre-processing of such data. In this application note, we demonstrate step-by-step use of this package on a real-world MALDI dataset.

Availability: The package can be downloaded at http://www.vicc.org/biostatistics/supp.php. A shared mailbox (wave-spec@vanderbilt.edu) also is available for questions regarding application of the package.

Contact:  yu.shyr@vanderbilt.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.