bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Associated Myocarditis
Authors: Wantania Frans E. N. , Wowor Ribka E. , Tandiawan Ridwan
Published: September 2021

Myocardial injury is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among COVID-19 related myocardial injuries, etiology may vary, including myocarditis, myocardial infarct, sepsis-associated myocardial injury, and/or stress-induced cardiomyopathy. More data from prospective cohorts and case series are needed to understand the exact mechanism of COVID-19 associated myocardial injuries. It is clinically suspected that myocarditis is the cause of myocardial injury. However, myocarditis has a heterogeneous clinical presentation and tends to be underdiagnosed in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Due to the potential of rapid deterioration in the patient’s condition, it is imperative to recognize myocarditis as a sequel to COVID-19, and a multidisciplinary team should be formed for managing all clinically suspected patients with COVID-19 associated myocarditis. Further studies are needed to recognize better and understand the relationship between myocarditis and COVID-19.
Classification of Biological Interactions: Challenges in the field and in analysis
Authors: Pinheiro Rafael , Jorge Leonardo , Lewinsohn Thomas
Published: September 2021

Within biological communities, species interact in a wide variety of ways. Species interactions have always been noted and classified by naturalists in describing living organisms and their ways. Moreover, they are essential to characterize ecological communities as functioning entities.

Biodiversity databases, as a rule, are comprised of species records in certain localities and times. Many, if not most, originated as databases of museum specimens and/or published records. As such, they provide data on species occurrences and distribution, with little functional information. Currently, online databases for species interaction data are being formed or proposed. Usually, these databases set out to compile data from actual field studies, and their design reflects the singularities of particular studies that seed their development. In two online databases: the Web of Life (2021) and the Interaction Web DataBase (2020) (IWDB), the categories of interactions are quite heterogeneous (Table 1). For instance, they may refer explicitly to certain taxonomic groups (e.g., anemone-fish), or do so implicitly (host-parasitoid; parasitoids are all holometabolous insects with arthropod hosts); conversely, they may encompass almost any taxon (food webs). In another example, the Global Biotic Interactions database (Poelen et al. 2014) (GloBI) offers a choice of relational attributes when entering data, ranging from undefined to quite restricted (Table 2).

Here we intend to contribute to the development of interaction databases, from two different points of view. First, what categories can be effectively applied to field observations of biotic interactions? Second, what theoretical and applied questions do we expect to address with interaction databases? These should be equally applicable to comparisons of studies of the same kind or mode of interaction, and to contrasts between interactions in multimodal studies.
A Study on Pattern Recognition with the Histograms of Oriented Gradients in Distorted and Noisy Images
Authors: Bukała Andrzej , Koziarski Michał , Cyganek Bogusław , Koç Osman , Kara Alperen
Published: September 2021

Histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) are still one of the most frequently used low-level features for pattern recognition in images. Despite their great popularity and simple implementation performance of the HOG features almost always has been measured on relatively high quality data which are far from real conditions. To fill this gap we experimentally evaluate their performance in the more realistic conditions, based on images affected by different types of noise, such as Gaussian, quantization, and salt-and-pepper, as well on images distorted by occlusions. Different noise scenarios were tested such anti-distortions during training as well as application of a proper denoising method in the recognition stage. As underpinned with experimental results, the negative impact of distortions and noise on object recognition with HOG features can be significantly reduced by employment of a proper denoising strategy.
Comparing Collaboration Fidelity between VR, MR and Video Conferencing Systems: The Effects of Visual Communication Media Fidelity on Collaboration
Authors: Han Sangsun , Kim Kibum , Choi Seonghwan , Sung Mankyu
Published: September 2021

Video/audio conferencing systems have been used extensively for remote collaboration over many years. Recently, virtual and mixed reality (VR/MR) systems have started to show great potential as communication media for remote collaboration. Prior studies revealed that the creation of common ground between discourse participants is crucial for collaboration and that grounding techniques change with the communication medium. However, it is difficult to find previous research that compares VR and MR communication system performances with video conferencing systems regarding the creation of common ground for collaborative problem solving. On the other hand, prior studies have found that display fidelity and interaction fidelity had significant effects on performance-intensive individual tasks in virtual reality. Fidelity in VR can be defined as the degree of objective accuracy with which the real-world is represented by the virtual world. However, to date, fidelity for collaborative tasks in VR/MR has not been defined or studied much. In this paper, we compare five different communication media for the establishment of common ground in collaborative problem-solving tasks: Webcam, headband camera, VR, MR, and audio-only conferencing systems. We analyzed these communication media with respect to collaborative fidelity components which we defined. For the experiments, we utilized two different types of collaborative tasks: a 2D Tangram puzzle and a 3D Soma cube puzzle. The experimental results show that the traditional Webcam performed better than the other media in the 2D task, while the headband camera performed better in the 3D task. In terms of collaboration fidelity, these results were somehow predictable, although there was a little difference between our expectations and the results.
From Classical to Fuzzy Databases in a Production Enterprise
Authors: Rojek Izabela , Mikołajewski Dariusz , Kotlarz Piotr , Sapietová Alžbeta
Published: September 2021

This article presents the evolution of databases from classical relational databases to distributed databases and data warehouses to fuzzy databases used in a production enterprise. This paper discusses characteristics of this kind of enterprise. The authors precisely define centralized and distributed databases, data warehouses and fuzzy databases. In the modern global world, many companies change their management strategy from the one based on a centralized database to an approach based on distributed database systems. Growing expectations regarding business intelligence encourage companies to deploy data warehouses. New solutions are sought as the demand for engineers' expertise continues to rise. The requested knowledge can be certain or uncertain. Certain knowledge does not any problems and is easy to obtain. However, uncertain knowledge requires new ways of obtaining, including the use of fuzzy logic. It is from where the fuzzy database approach takes its beginning. The above-mentioned strategies of a production enterprise were described herein as a case of special interest.
IoT Implementation in Remote Measuring Laboratory VMLab Analyses
Authors: Vince Tibor , Bereš Matej , Kováčová Irena , Molnár Ján , Fecko Branislav , Dziak Jozef , Tomčiková Iveta , Guzan Milan
Published: September 2021

The paper presents analyses of the implementation of IoT in the patent technology of the remote measuring laboratory (VMLab). The technology allows to create a new electrical connection between different devices, where the connection diagram was not defined before. This may be done remotely around the world. To begin with, an application of this technology as a remote measuring laboratory is presented and described. Analyses of the possible application of IoT technology in the Remote Measurement Laboratory (VMLAB) with a final design are also presented. The research focuses on an efficient way to retrieve measured values synchronized over the Internet from multiple measuring devices and controllable devices, without an Ethernet or Wi-Fi interface from the manufacturer. The analyses may also be useful when implementing an additional IoT approach to existing systems.
Undrowned: Black feminist lessons from marine mammals
Authors: Gumbs Alexis Pauline
Published: September 2021

Those who survived in the underbellies of boats, under each other under unbreathable circumstances, are the undrowned. Their breathing did not make them individual survivors. It made a context of undrowning. Breathing in unbreathable circumstances is what we still do every day in the
chokehold of racial gendered ableist capitalism. We are still undrowning. And this 'we' doesn't only mean people whose ancestors survived the middle passage, because the scale of our breathing is planetary. These meditations inspired by encounters with marine mammals are an offering towards
the possibility that instead of continuing the trajectory of slavery, entrapment, separation and domination, and making our atmosphere unbreathable, we might instead practise another way to breathe. And because our marine mammal kindred are amazing at not drowning, they are called on as teachers,
mentors, guides: the task of a marine mammal apprentice is to open up space for wondering together, and identifying with. The first meditation explores how we can listen across species, across extinction, across the harm that humans have inflicted on other mammals as well as each other. The
second explores how we can learn different ways to breathe. The third considers what we remember and what we forget, how we name and categorise what we can barely observe, how we cage, categorise and destroy marine mammals, and what we can learn from the lives of those that have survived.
The intractability of loss and damage issues in climate negotiations
Authors: Hossain Md Fahad , Huq Saleemul , Khan Mizan R.
Published: September 2021

The impacts of human-induced climate change are manifested through losses and damages incurred due to the increasing frequency and intensity of climatic disasters all over the world. Low-income countries who have contributed the least in causing climate change, and have low financial
capability, are the worst victims of this. However, since the inception of the international climate regime under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), loss and damage has been a politically charged issue. It took about two decades of pushing by the vulnerable developing
countries for the agenda to formally anchor in the climate negotiations text. This was further solidified through establishment of the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) and inclusion of stand-alone Article 8 on loss and damage in the Paris Agreement. Its institutionalisation has only done
the groundwork of addressing loss and damage however - the key issue of finance for loss and damage and other matters has remained largely unresolved to date – particularly since Article 8 does not have any provision for finance. This has been due to the climate change-causing wealthy
developed nations' utter disregard for their formal obligations in the climate regime as well as their moral obligation. In this article, we tease out the central controversies that underpin the intractability of this agenda at the negotiations of the UNFCCC. We begin by giving a walk-through
of the concept and history of loss and damage in the climate regime. Then we present a brief account of losses and damages occurring in the face of rising temperature, and highlight the key issues of contention, focusing on the more recent developments. Finally, we conclude by suggesting some
way forward for the twenty-sixth session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP26) taking place in Glasgow, UK in November 2021.
The many entanglements of capitalism, colonialism and Indigenous environmental justice
Authors: Sakshi
Published: September 2021

Rio Tinto's destruction of Juukan Gorge brought international condemnation. The subsequent interim report commissioned by the Australian Parliament was entitled 'Never Again'. But was this a 'never again' to the logic of settler colonialism? Or to the extractive capitalism that rearranges
economic and social life with the sole objective of wealth accumulation? Or to the legislative collaboration between settler colonial states and capitalism? Environmental injustice is sustained internationally through the many entanglements at the intersection of law, coloniality, corporate
extractivism and Indigenous sovereignty. These entanglements are explored here in relation to: the idea of a 'trade-off' between Indigenous rights and 'economic benefits' (e.g. the Shenhua coal mine in Australia); the over-riding of local rights through a corporate-driven developmental narrative,
which results in the erosion of Indigenous ways of life over a long period, rather than through a singular dramatic event (e.g. oil extraction by Chevron in Ecuador); the difficulties in bringing cases to justice (e.g. the Mount Polley dam collapse in Canada); the need for 'green alternatives'
to also respect Indigenous rights; and the potential for greater legal regulation (e.g. the ruling by the Supreme Court of Panama on Indigenous rights; recent legal challenges to the Brazilian government's failure to meet its environmental responsibilities). Social movements and juridical
spaces need to adopt a radical shift in their vocabulary and in their world-making practices. Courts play a major role in shaping the way Indigenous environmental justice is understood, and are a vital site of contestation for radical environmental justice movements.
Could future COP talks help to de-junk near-earth space?
Authors: Mohanty Susmita
Published: September 2021

Space debris has reached alarming proportions and is growing at a frightening pace, because of the expanding number of satellites circulating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), designed to increase global Internet coverage and provide earth observation data. LEO satellites are now being launched
in mega-constellations, including by Elon Musk's company SpaceX. It is time to completely overhaul the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which was not designed to deal with current problems. The COP forum should therefore include the near-earth environment within its concept of the earth's climate,
enabling the UN to acknowledge, as a collective, the growing menace of human-made debris in near-earth space, and, in partnership with the UN-Outer Space Affairs Office (UN-OOSA), call for a new declaration on LEO.
The murder of Ken Saro-Wiwa
Authors: Wiwa Ken
Published: September 2021

Ken Wiwa heard of his father's execution in November 1995 while he was in New Zealand, as part of his campaign against the Nigerian government's planned judicial murder of his father and eight other Ogoni leaders. The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was due to be held in Auckland
the following week. At the time of his death Saro-Wiwa was the leader of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), which sought to challenge the situation whereby a community which had contributed to the exchequer an estimated $30 billion in oil revenue found itself
without basic amenities, living in a wretched environment, and being daily assaulted by oil exploration. He had accused Shell Oil company, which had a very close relationship with the Nigerian government, of 'waging an ecological war against the Ogoni'. After the executions, Nigeria was roundly
condemned by international leaders, as was Shell itself.
The necessity of abolition
Authors: Sandler Matt
Published: September 2021

The international outpouring of abolitionist sentiment in the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in the spring of 2020 came as a surprise even to experienced activists and researchers. The context of the pandemic had thrown into stark relief the consequences of fraying
commitments to social welfare and excess commitments to security, policing, and incarceration. This essay argues that the moment laid bare the necessity of abolition, not only of police and prisons but also of the industries which exacerbate ecological disaster. To support this argument on
the basis of political theory and intellectual history, it returns first to W.E.B. Du Bois's account of "abolition-democracy" as prompted by a recognition of necessity. The essay then goes on to define "necessity via the philosophical dialectic of freedom and necessity, before finding that
conception of abolition as necessity expressed in nineteenth century Black abolitionist thought. It concludes by returning to the present, in which the pathological freedoms of neoliberalism seem to call up the necessity of abolition in response.
The possibility of a creolised planet
Authors: Gilroy Paul , Oriogun-Williams Femi
Published: September 2021

In this interview Paul Gilroy talks to Femi Oriogun-Williams about his love of folk music of all kinds. He discusses its songs of expropriation, suffering, soldiering, impressment and migration; its relationship to the countryside - often a dangerous and menacing place - and to Englishness,
including English nationalism; and the role of Black performers inside the world of folk, including Nadia Cattouse, Dorris Henderson, and Dav(e)y Graham. He also discusses the cosmopolitan of musicians, and their appetite for music that operates across cultural and national boundaries; the
plasticity, pliability and nomadic aspects of musical forms mean that Nina Simone can make a song by Sandy Denny her own, and Kathryn Tickell can experiment with South Asian sources; it allows songs to appear in many different versions, as with 'The Lakes of Pontchartrain'. The folk traditions
of the Atlantic world exhibit all of the recombinant cultural DNA that went into them. This creates the possibility of reading the culture of the Atlantic world, North and South, with the idea of a Creole culture - and the possibility of thinking with a creolised planet in mind.
Environmental images and imaginary landscapes
Authors: Young Lola
Published: September 2021

Lola Young discusses the work of photographer Ingrid Pollard, and looks at the extent to which environmental issues are racialised, including in relation to issues of population control and environmental degradation. Cities are often represented as breeding crime, disease and alienated
subjects, while the English countryside is held up as a repository of values, culture and heritage. Although the range of locations and occupations in which black people may be found has expanded over the years, old stereotypes persist. Pollard addresses this in her work, including her work
on the Lea Valley in East London, which looks at the 'country within the city'.
Aviation strikes: Direct action at Heathrow, City and Stansted
Authors: Ali  , Alex  , Eddy  , Josh  , Helen  , Lyndsay  , May  , Sama  , Sheila
Published: September 2021

People involved in actions at Heathrow, City and Stansted airports reflect on the development of climate justice narratives and how this has evolved over the three 'aviation strikes' at these airports. At the time of the Heathrow action, the focus was on the impact of the aviation industry
on the environment, to which Plane Stupid was seeking to draw attention. The City action became a Black Lives Matter action, with the aim of making connections between race and climate change. The Stansted action was organised by a coalition of groups, including Plane Stupid and Lesbians and
Gays Support the Migrants (LGSM), and sought to prevent the take-off of a deportation plane. Activists describe their own political development as these narratives shifted over time. They also discuss Extinction Rebellion, which aims to make direct action a mass participation event, and more
local actions, such as the anti-raids action in Glasgow in summer 2021.
L’Union européenne, entre États-Unis et Chine
Authors: Dietmar Schweisgut Hans , Cadenza Academic translations
Published: September 2021

États-Unis et Union européenne (UE) convergent désormais pour considérer la Chine, longtemps vue avec une certaine bienveillance, comme un rival systémique dans l’ordre international. En dépit de cette convergence, leurs intérêts vis-à-vis de Pékin diffèrent, l’Union européenne entendant garder une certaine dimension partenariale dans ses relations avec la Chine. Mais l’UE ne pèsera dans l’Indo-Pacifique que si elle y développe des stratégies de long terme, appuyées sur des moyens concrets.
L’Europe reste-t-elle une « colonie numérique » des États-Unis ?
Authors: Nocetti Julien
Published: September 2021

Les révélations d’Edward Snowden, l’affaire Cambridge Analytica et la transformation numérique accélérée par la crise du Covid-19 ont agi comme des révélateurs de la dépendance technologique de l’Europe à l’égard de puissances étrangères. La Commission européenne se veut le fer de lance de la « décolonisation numérique », mais les capacités d’investissement sur le Vieux Continent sont bien moindres qu’aux États-Unis et en Chine. L’Europe a néanmoins quelques atouts à faire valoir.
Climat et commerce international : le choc des puissances
Authors: Mathieu Carole
Published: September 2021

La bataille pour le climat a une dimension économique majeure. Avec la neutralité climatique comme nouvel horizon, les grandes puissances misent sur la politique industrielle verte et tentent de contenir les émissions associées à leurs importations. Cette approche renforce le soutien domestique aux engagements climatiques, mais elle porte le risque d’attiser les confrontations et donc de ralentir la transition globale, sauf à s’entendre sur de nouvelles règles du jeu commercial international.
La finance durable, nouvel enjeu de la compétition économique mondiale
Authors: Cravero Guillaume , Crifo Patricia
Published: September 2021

Les sommes investies dans la finance durable – ou Investissement socialement responsable (ISR) – ne cessent de croître. Elles devraient permettre de financer la transition énergétique nécessaire à l’atténuation des effets du changement climatique. Toutefois, son développement suit des modèles différents selon les régions du monde et la bataille des normes extra-financières fait rage. Un véritable schisme dans la finance internationale ne peut être exclu à défaut de leadership et de coopération.
Politique étrangère allemande : entre multilatéralisme et Germany First
Authors: Stark Hans
Published: September 2021

Sous des discours engagés au service d’un ordre multilatéral, l’Allemagne assume une politique qui semble pour l’essentiel structurée par ses intérêts nationaux. Qu’il s’agisse de l’approvisionnement énergétique auprès de la Russie, des exportations vers la Chine, des excédents commerciaux avec les États-Unis ou les Européens, ou de la faiblesse de ses budgets militaires, Berlin semble assez loin de l’image qu’elle veut donner d’elle-même d’une puissance guidée par les règles.
Allemagne/Union européenne : l’héritage ambigu d’Angela Merkel
Authors: Maurice Paul
Published: September 2021

Angela Merkel achève son quatrième mandat à la tête de l’Allemagne. Si elle a fait de nombreuses déclarations prouvant son attachement au projet européen, son bilan en la matière paraît néanmoins contrasté. Au moment de la crise du Covid-19, elle a contribué à maintenir la cohésion de l’Union européenne (UE) et a accepté le principe d’une dette commune. Mais il lui a manqué une grande vision et des leviers d’action qui auraient permis de faire de l’UE un acteur plus fort sur la scène internationale.
Quel rôle pour la Bundeswehr ?
Authors: Martens Stephan
Published: September 2021

Le poids de la Seconde Guerre mondiale continue de peser sur l’Allemagne. L’utilisation de la puissance militaire y est considérée avec circonspection, tant par les élites politiques que par une partie importante de la population. La dégradation du contexte stratégique incite toutefois les dirigeants à repenser le rôle de la Bundeswehr. Le budget de la Défense augmente et les effectifs des armées sont amenés à croître significativement dans les prochaines années.
Les premiers pas du président Biden au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Chaker Rachid
Published: September 2021

Joe Biden a démarré son mandat de président des États-Unis avec la ferme intention de rompre avec les pratiques de son prédécesseur Donald Trump. Au Moyen-Orient, cette posture est particulièrement visible sur le dossier du nucléaire iranien, dans le conflit israélo-palestinien et sur les relations avec les États arabes du Golfe. La nouvelle administration démocrate semble accorder davantage d’importance à la stabilité régionale et au respect des droits de l’homme.
« Ceci n’est pas un pouvoir »
Authors: Le Pillouer Arnaud
Published: September 2021

Une partie de plus en plus importante de la doctrine plaide ardemment pour que l’on rompe définitivement avec la tradition française d’un pouvoir judiciaire relégué, subordonné, voire « refusé ». L’hypothèse retenue ici est que cette demande de reconnaissance d’un véritable pouvoir judiciaire en France peut être analysée comme la revendication d’un changement de théorie justificative : alors que notre système juridique reste globalement fondé sur une minimisation du pouvoir normatif des juges, il s’agirait de le faire reposer sur l’idée inverse. Or un tel bouleversement serait lourd de conséquences, à la fois quant à la façon dont l’ordre juridique dans son ensemble est légitimé, et quant à la manière dont chaque décision juridictionnelle doit être individuellement justifiée.
Indépendance, vous avez dit indépendance ?
Authors: Canivet Guy
Published: September 2021

Principe central de la démocratie et de l’État de droit, l’indépendance de la justice est une valeur fondamentale à vocation universelle. Garantie par de nombreuses conventions internationales, elle n’est cependant pas partout reconnue et fait l’objet de violations spectaculaires dans certains États, même en Europe. En France, la multiplication des textes de référence, les modalités variables de la garantie selon les catégories de juges, les discussions sur son champ d’application, la confusion entre juges et procureurs, ainsi que les résistances politiques, en donnent une image controversée qui affaiblit son crédit dans l’opinion des citoyens. Et pourtant, à quelques rares dérives près, sa valeur est clairement perçue et rigoureusement pratiquée par les juges dans leur activité ordinaire.
Une justice politisée ?
Authors: Mathieu Bertrand
Published: September 2021

Des juges politisés, une justice intervenant de plus en plus directement dans le champ de l’action politique : la question des rapports entre justice et politique conduit à s’interroger sur les missions du juge, sa légitimité et sa place dans l’organisation des pouvoirs. Les manifestations de l’ingérence des juges dans la politique sont nombreuses et multiformes. Au-delà des polémiques, en réalité de nature politique, et de l’invocation rituelle du principe d’indépendance, elles traduisent une confusion des genres tendant à brouiller l’image et le fonctionnement de la démocratie.
La déformation des juges
Authors: Philippe Arnaud
Published: September 2021

Cet article explore les biais affectant les décisions de justice en matière pénale. Si les magistrats ne semblent pas avoir une perception de la gravité des faits différente de celle de leurs concitoyens, le contexte dans lequel se déroule un procès et les caractéristiques des participants influent sur le verdict. Ainsi, la médiatisation de faits divers tragiques provoque une augmentation de la durée des peines prononcées en cour d’assises, et des différences territoriales peuvent être observées. Biais de genre ou d’origine et biais cognitifs ont par ailleurs investi l’enceinte du tribunal.
Irresponsables magistrats ?
Authors: Soula Mathieu
Published: September 2021

L’irresponsabilité des magistrats est un thème récurrent du débat public qui met en cause une supposée impossibilité d’imputer une faute à un magistrat dans l’exercice de ses fonctions. À bien y regarder, le débat sur l’irresponsabilité porte davantage sur la place des magistrats dans l’État, sur les relations entre la justice et les justiciables et sur la force symbolique des jugements. En analysant ce thème sous divers angles (juridique, historique et éthique), il est possible de rendre compte des enjeux qui le sous-tendent et des impensés qui le structurent.
Justice et médias, duo ou duel ?
Authors: Salas Denis
Published: September 2021

Pendant longtemps l’émancipation de la justice de ses anciennes tutelles a bénéficié d’une presse libre. Mais cette alliance portant sur le terrain pénal reste fragile. Désormais, temporalités médiatique et judiciaire se disputent le pouvoir d’accuser. Pour ne pas alimenter un espace public sauvage, les médias (y compris les réseaux sociaux) sont en quête d’une régulation et le monde judiciaire s’efforce de construire son rapport à une société de l’image.
Ministre de la justice, un oxymore ?
Authors: Belloubet Nicole
Published: September 2021

Parce qu’il n’est pas un ministre comme les autres, le ministre de la Justice occupe une place singulière qui, sans être exempte de soupçon, s’avère légitime. Le capital symbolique dont il bénéficie ne saurait faire oublier le réseau de contraintes (budgétaires, de la gestion des professions, des relations avec les médias, et surtout politiques) dans lequel il est enserré. Au cœur d’un paradoxe permanent, il représente le pouvoir politique face au monde de la justice mais aussi la justice face aux pouvoirs politiques. Des soupçons naissent quant à son influence supposée sur le cours de la justice (nomination des procureurs, instructions générales). Pour pallier ces doutes, des solutions sont préconisées, radicales (suppression du ministère de la Justice) ou graduées (instauration d’un procureur de la nation démocratiquement désigné). La place du ministre de la Justice est cependant légitimée par un triptyque indépassable : la cohérence de l’organisation judiciaire au sein de notre démocratie parlementaire, l’exigence d’une présence ministérielle notamment en période de crise, l’unité du droit et de l’État.
My coming out as an A-ha fan
Authors: Bruhn Eiken
Published: September 2021

Many adult women who fancy a pop star are ashamed of their feelings, instinctively knowing the only acceptable fandom after adolescence is that of the (male) expert, untainted by desire. This might result in suppressing a crush on a band for years or even decades, thereby neglecting a valuable resource in difficult times. This personal account tells of coming to terms with being a fan of the '80s band A-ha at the age of forty-four. [Translation of 2019 German-language article "Mein Coming-out als Fan," Taz, November 12, 2019]
Authentic learning in cultural anthropology: Editing Wikipedia for real-world impact
Authors: Lott Jessica L. , Sullivan Jennifer L.
Published: September 2021

Jennifer L. Sullivan (academic librarian) and Jessica Lott (anthropology professor) are invested in pedagogical approaches that help learners apply course content to their everyday lives. With this goal in mind, we created a flexible Wikipedia-based assignment for an upper-level anthropology course, Gender, Sex, and Sexuality: A Global Perspective, as a way to teach information literacy skills in a real-world setting while also enriching course content. As the course’s culminating assignment, learners researched an information gap on Wikipedia addressing gender. Learners were also asked to use their experience on Wikipedia to reflect on the significance of the documented gender bias in Wikipedia.

This chapter discusses the advantages of Wikipedia as a platform for cultivating authentic information literacy practices. In particular, we address ACRL’s Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education, information literacy as a social justice imperative, and disciplinary information literacy. We taught this assignment four times over the period summer 2017–summer 2020 and draw from our experiences collaborating on this assignment. We hope that learning from our successes and failures will inspire those who wish to adapt it for their instruction.
Critique d’un outil méthodologique à travers l’étude d’un objet métis
Authors: Lemaitre Adrien
Published: September 2021

La notion de valeur culturelle est prégnante dans le champ de la conservation-restauration. D’après les codes de déontologie, le professionnel doit veiller au respect de ces valeurs. Ainsi, pour évaluer un bien culturel, plusieurs modèles théoriques ont été élaborés ou adaptés pour la discipline. Mais correspondent-ils aux soins que nécessite un objet dit ethnographique ? Cette recherche tente d’appréhender la notion de valeurs culturelles et de poser un regard critique sur un outil méthodologique utilisé dans le domaine patrimonial - la typologie de valeurs - en vue de proposer un protocole d’intervention pour un objet métis (Un tiputa tahitien conservé au Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac).
Business Continuity During Adversity and Strategies to Revive Certain Sectors
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Jain Anant Kumar
Published: September 2021

The study investigates the factors influencing business continuity during adversities like COVID-19. It further sheds light on priorities for preparedness measures that need to be taken to ensure continuity during these adversities. Exploratory research was conducted in the form of focussed interviews with 20 senior management industry professionals, and these were analyzed using N-Vivo, and four important determinants of business continuity were identified based on which a research model was conceptualized using business continuity as dependent variable and others as independent variables. The model was further tested using quantitative research. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared, and a total of 200 responses were collected representing 26 sectors. These responses were analyzed using factor and variance analysis, and a multiple regression analysis was performed to test the role of these variables on business continuity. It was further concluded that the factors that ensure business continuity differ according to the industry in which the business is operating.
Exploring the Unison of Socio-Technical Assemblage
Authors: Sinha Chandranshu , Kamra Neetu Bali , Duggal Taranjeet , Sinha Ruchi , Sujatha R. , Mutsuddi Indranil
Published: September 2021

Work from home (or remote working) has become the new normal ever since the pandemic hit the world. This new normal, which represents the unison of social and technical assemblage, has been used as a backdrop in the study to explore the nature of employee job behaviour and its impact on job satisfaction. The sample consisted of employees who are working remotely from their homes in the information technology sector. The Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was found to be .862. The results indicate that dimensions of employee job behaviour like enhanced work association, need for interaction for information exchange, and increased work responsibility were found to be highly correlated in the backdrop of work from home. Further, employee job behaviour was found to be significantly impacting job satisfaction of employees in the backdrop of work from home.
Prevalence and factors correlated with hypertension secondary from obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Khamsai Sittichai , Mahawarakorn Pawornwan , Limpawattana Panita , Chindaprasirt Jarin , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Silaruks Songkwan , Senthong Vichai , Sawunyavisuth Bundit , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak
Published: September 2021

Background: In 2003, the JNC 7 reported obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a cause of secondary hypertension. The prevalence of OSA in hypertension ranges from 30-80%. There are limited data on the prevalence and risk factors of OSA in hypertensive patients. This study thus aimed to evaluate prevalence and clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in these patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and conducted at the hypertension clinic at Khon Kaen University’s Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand. We enrolled patients with hypertension treated at the clinic. OSA was defined as apnea-hypopnea index of 5 events/hour or over according to cardiopulmonary monitoring. Patients whose hypertension was due to any other causes were excluded. The prevalence of OSA was calculated and risk factors for OSA were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.Results: There were 726 hypertensive patients treated at the clinic. Of those, 253 (34.8%) were randomly studied and categorized as either non-OSA (147 patients, 58.1%) or OSA (106 patients, 41.9%). There were four independent factors associated with OSA-induced hypertension: age, sex, history of snoring, and history of headache. Headache had an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.564 (95% confidence interval of 1.510, 8.411).Conclusion: Age, male sex, history of snoring, and headache were independent predictors of hypertension caused by OSA.
Ocular manifestations of HIV and AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in South Africa
Authors: Makunyane Prisilla S. , Mathebula Solani D.
Published: September 2021

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) causes impairment to the immune system, which then leads to immunocompromised conditions, and allows for opportunistic infection to invade many organs of the human body. Ocular involvement is very common; the various ocular complications may be asymptomatic and they may be the initial manifestations of the underlying diseases.Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the type of ocular manifestations that occur in HIV and AIDS patients.Setting: The study was conducted on ART (antiretroviral treatment) clinic patients in the Department of Ophthalmology at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV and AIDS patients referred from the ART clinic for complete ophthalmological evaluation, irrespective of the immune system status and presence or absence of symptoms. All the participants underwent an ophthalmologic evaluation, which included case history and ocular examinations of both anterior and posterior segments.Results: Out of the 177 participants, 72.3% had visual acuity of between 6/3 to 6/18, 10% had poor vision, 7% had lost one eye to ocular complications and 5% were blind. The most common anterior segment manifestations were uveitis and dry eye, whilst HIV-related retinopathy and papilledema were the most prevalent conditions in the posterior segment. Only three participants had third cranial nerve palsy.Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular manifestations was significantly higher with lower CD4+ cell counts, which could be regarded as predictors for the occurrence of ocular morbidity in HIV and AIDS patients.
Knowledge and practices of teachers about child eye healthcare in the public sector in Swaziland
Authors: Sukati Velibanti N. , Mashige Kathutshelo P. , Moodley Vanessa R.
Published: September 2021

Background: Vision-related problems have a negative impact on the learning abilities and school performance of a child. Adequate knowledge and practices of teachers enable the early identification and intervention of school children with visual deficits.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practices of teachers about child eye healthcare in the public education system in Swaziland.Setting: The setting for this study was Swaziland.Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study using a survey instrument containing closed-ended questions to investigate the knowledge and practices of teachers about child eye health in the public sector.Results: Two hundred and forty-three (N = 243) teachers responded to the questionnaire. The majority (90.1%) of teachers indicated that they were able to detect signs and symptoms of eye diseases. Most teachers without a family member wearing spectacles were more likely to be informed about eye health (p = 0.001) than those who had family wearing spectacles. A significant proportion (44%) of teachers indicated that refractive errors were not serious among school children. Above one-third (38.7%) of the teachers indicated that they referred children with vision problems to public hospitals. One hundred and fifty-five (63.8%) reported that health officials have never visited their schools. One hundred and forty-nine (61.3%) teachers agreed that they did not monitor children wearing spectacles and 94 (38.7%) monitored them. Monitoring children wearing spectacles was significantly associated with teachers who indicated being well informed about eye health (p 0.001) and teachers who were more likely to advise parents to take their children for eye testing (p = 0.003).Conclusion: The lack of adequate knowledge by some teachers may contribute to the already existing barriers for children to access eye health. Addressing the broader issues of child eye health requires the participation of well-trained and knowledgeable teachers.
Servant leadership, team-based learning and hope and optimism: A sectoral comparative study
Authors: Grobler Anton , Flotman Aden-Paul
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This is an era of unprecedented turbulence. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) global pandemic testifies to this turmoil as, daily, the unknown dynamically unfolds. It is important during challenging times like these that leadership and organisational response enhance a shared positive vision for the future of humanity. This study aimed at determining the role played by servant leadership (SL) in promoting employee well-being, specifically, a positive future expectation in terms of hope and optimism (HO), as well as the impact that team-based learning (TBL) has on this relationship, and whether this is the same for both the private and public sectors.Design/methodology/approach: This study employed an empirical paradigm, using a cross-sectional design and quantitative analysis. The total sample consisted of 1560 participants, with 780 employed in the private and public sector, respectively.Findings/results: The results suggest that both SL and TBL have a significant impact on employees’ HO, with TBL being a mediating variable and with stronger relationships reported for the private sector. Technically, the TBL instrument employed was validated for South African use and the study included a statistical assessment of common method bias, which was found not to skew the results.Practical implications: This study provides further empirical evidence that SL is positively associated with HO. Secondly, the future-mindedness and future-orientation of HO could stimulate adaptive responses during this time of uncertainty and turmoil. Thus, HO, as potential resilience factors, could generate resilience by harnessing opportunities and setbacks both during the Covid-19 pandemic and in its aftermath.Originality/value: The practical value of this article is in the empirical evidence that both the leaders and the organisation have an impact on the employees’ wellness and positive work attitudes.
Professional women and maternity transition: Guidelines for maternity coaching in organisations
Authors: Le Sueur Heidi M. , Boulton Elaine
Published: September 2021

Orientation and research purpose: There is a need to explore the role of maternity coaching in supporting and retaining professional women in South African organisations. Therefore, this study investigated the experiences of professional women during their maternity transition into working mothers and explored how maternity coaching can be used as a strategic intervention to support these women.Research design, approach and methodology: A qualitative inductive methodological approach was followed to gain an in-depth understanding of maternity coaching. The research strategy was cross-sectional and multi-perspective, consisting of 13 participants from 4 professional groups.Main findings: The findings emphasise that maternity coaching can play a positive role in assisting both working women and organisations to successfully navigate the maternity transition phase. Through the findings, it was established why maternity coaching is needed as a mechanism of support, how maternity coaching should be implemented and what should be included in the coaching conversations.Practical managerial implications: This article provides a Maternity Transition Coaching Model with guidelines and recommendations for different professional groups in any organisation where maternity transition is experienced. The implications of this study are how maternity coaching can be implemented as a tool in dealing with retention of professional women during maternity transition and to increase gender diversity at the senior organisational level.Contribution: The body of knowledge contributes to understanding the role of maternity coaching as an emerging form of transition coaching in organisations. A Maternity Transition Coaching model was designed that is complemented by guidelines for implementing a maternity coaching programme that can be utilised by human resources personnel, senior management and coaches who are exposed to the adverse consequences of senior women leaving the organisations because of the challenges they face during maternity transition.
The development and validation of the Rewards Desirability Inventory
Authors: Victor Janine A. , Hoole Crystal
Published: September 2021

Orientation: Research on reward preferences remains inconclusive. Total reward theories often do not take the role of intrinsic psychological rewards into consideration. Further to this, there are not only limited instruments available to measure reward preferences but also ease of access to psychometrically sound measures is further challenging.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure reward preferences in the working environment.Motivation for the study: Organisations require tools to enhance waning motivational levels in the workplace. The measurement of reward preferences appears essential to determine what employees ultimately want from their work to improve levels of motivation. Major limitations exist regarding current reward preference instruments.Research approach/design and method: Quantitative scale development procedures were employed to construct the 32-item instrument. Data were collected from South African employees (N = 639) and processed using both Factor and Rasch analysis procedures.Main findings: The factor analysis revealed a 3-factor structure (Non-financial rewards, Financial rewards and Benefits and growth opportunities). Items evidenced good factor loadings and dimensions demonstrated high internal consistency. The dimensions and overall scale performed mostly well in accordance with Rasch Model expectations. Based on the overall results, one can confirm that the new instrument has satisfactory psychometric properties.Practical/managerial implications: The instrument can help employers and scholars to measure, understand and explore what employees value and seek from the working environment.Contribution/value-addition: The study expands on limited pre-existing theory and empirical research pertaining to the measurement of rewards preferences. A unique and psychometrically sound reward preference instrument is provided for use by scholars and employers.