bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Straßenjugendlichkeit in pandemischen Zeiten
Authors: Finzi Jan A. , Kramp Björn , Möllers Jenny
Published: July 2024

Jan A. Finzi, Björn Kramp und Jenny Möllers analysieren auf Basis der Erfahrungen des Betriebs einer Notschlafstelle die besondere Situation von Straßenjugendlichen während der Corona-Pandemie. Nach einem Überblick über die Lebenslagen von Straßenjugendlichen und der Verschärfung von Ungleichheiten im Zuge der Corona-Pandemie werden die Veränderungen für Straßenjugendliche in der Pandemie beschrieben. Der Beitrag erläutert die veränderten Lebenslagen von Straßenjugendlichen und erläutert die Konsequenzen dieser Veränderungen. Dabei werden auch die Herausforderungen und die Auswirkungen auf die konkrete soziale Arbeit beim Betrieb der Notschlafstelle beschrieben. Abschließend werden Konsequenzen und Handlungsempfehlungen dargelegt.
Informationskompetenz, epistemisches Vertrauen und intellektuelle Demut als wissenschaftsdidaktische Zielperspektiven
Authors: Jucks Regina , Kienhues Dorothe
Published: July 2024

Überall begegnen uns wissenschaftliche Informationen. Die Texte, Bild- und Tonbeiträge sind dabei unterschiedlich komplex. Häufig wird auf fehlende oder vorläufige wissenschaftliche Evidenz hingewiesen und teilweise erleben wir drastisch ausgetragenen Streit um die Frage, welche Informationen stimmen und welche Konsequenzen aus (Forschungs-)Ergebnissen gezogen werden sollten. Im Beitrag werden die Bedeutung »epistemischen Vertrauens« und »intellektueller Demut« als Zielgrößen von Wissenschaftsvermittlung und Informationskompetenz herausgearbeitet. Wir diskutieren verschiedene Implikationen für die Hochschullehre und Wissenschaftsdidaktik.
Podcasten als wissenschaftsdidaktische Laborumgebung
Authors: Herzberg Dominikus
Published: July 2024

Dieser Beitrag betrachtet Wissenschaft aus dem Blickwinkel des Experimentierens und leitet aus der wissenschaftsdidaktisch motivierten Stellung und der Eingebundenheit zum Experimentieren fünf Arten der Wissenschaftskommunikation ab. Diese fünf Arten werden auf das Podcasten bezogen und beispielhaft beleuchtet. Mit dem Podcast und der zentralen Stellung des Gesprächs und des sprechenden Denkens wird eine eigene und wissenschaftsdidaktisch relevante Form der Wissenschaft in der Praxis ihrer Durchführung mit ihren Möglichkeiten und Klärungen von Erkenntnis zur Darstellung und zu Gehör gebracht.
Mobile Repräsentationsorte
Authors: Augenstein Robin
Published: July 2024

Robin Augenstein untersucht in seinem Beitrag die Gestaltung und Dekoration von Aufzügen zwischen 1880 und 1990. Liftdesign erzielt psychologische Effekte und schafft ein ästhetisches Erleben bei der Nutzung. Der Erlebnischarakter einer Aufzugfahrt wandelte sich über die Jahrzehnte ebenso wie die Mittel seiner Erzeugung. Vorgestellt wird die Gestaltungsbandbreite von Aufzügen, die zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Entstehung häufig das Aushängeschild und Statussymbol eines Gebäudes waren und daher von Architekt*innen entworfen und gezielt im Grundriss platziert wurden.
Eine spektakuläre Fahrt
Authors: Tram Vu Ngoc
Published: July 2024

In diesem Beitrag analysiert Ngoc Tram Vu die architekturhistorische Genese der spiralförmigen Rolltreppe, die maßgeblich von kultursoziologischen Aspekten fortschreitender Urbanisierung und technologischen Innovationen der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte geprägt ist: 1988 wurden in der Holloway Road U-Bahn-Station in London Überreste eines 1906 installierten spiralförmigen Schrägaufzugs entdeckt. Diese Entwicklung kulminierte 1985 in Japan mit dem ersten funktionsfähigen Spiral Escalator von Mitsubishi Electric. Vu beleuchtet dabei die spannende Dialektik von technischer Potenzialität und ästhetischer Vision, die innerhalb der architekturhistorischen Forschung bislang wenig erforschte Perspektiven bietet.
Künstlerisches Prozesswissen im Bildgestalten
Authors: Tümpel Natascha
Published: July 2024

Natascha Tümpel widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag der Rolle von Technologie im Kontext künstlerischen Entwerfens und der Frage, inwiefern die postphänomenologische Ver-mittlungstheorie des US-amerikanischen Technikphilosophen Don Ihde eine neue Sicht auf den Akt des Bildentwerfens erlaubt. Anhand der Entwurfsserie Cantus firmus werden Ihdes Überlegungen zur musikalischen Technik auf den künstlerischen Entwurf von Bildern übertragen. Welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich für verschiedene Dimensionen der Mensch-Technologie-Beziehung, wenn das Gewicht auf den referenzarmen, performativen, selbstbezüglichen und prozessualen Charakter der Bildpraxis gelegt wird? Der Beitrag erarbeitet einen Ansatz verkörperlichten, künstlerischen Prozesswissens uber sich dynamisch verhaltende Intensitäten und Interaktionsabläufe zwischen Menschen und Technologie im gestalterisch-künstlerischen Tun.
Afrodiasporic Identities in Germany
Authors: Wojczewski Silvia
Published: July 2024

Aminata Camara, Maya K., Lafia T., Oxana Chi and Layla Zami are middle-class, highly educated women in Germany and come from families of mixed African European heritages. This ethnographic study traces the coming of age as person of African descent in Germany born in the 1980s with a focus on the city of Frankfurt. Silvia Wojczewski follows the paths of five women and shows how the practice of travelling is used as a way to connect to transnational families and to an Afrodiasporic heritage. Zooming in on five lives, she reveals the ways in which class, diaspora and kinship relations influence how the women understand themselves and their position in the world.
Subjektivierung und (Re-)Objektivierung von Gesundheit am Beispiel des Self-Trackings
Authors: Zoglauer Thomas
Published: July 2024

Thomas Zoglauer vergleicht drei Theoriemodelle von Gesundheit und Krankheit, die im 20.Jahrhundert einen großen Einfluss auf die Gesundheitspolitik ausgeübt haben: das biostatistische Modell von Christopher Boorse, die subjektivistische Theorie von Rachel Cooper und die sozialkonstruktivistische Theorie, die am Beispiel des sozialen Modells von Behinderung näher erläutert wird. Die Beispiele des Self-Trackings und der Quantified-Self-Bewegung zeigen, dass sich die Grenzen zwischen den drei Theoriemodellen aufzulösen beginnen und Gesundheit ein komplexes Phänomen darstellt, das sowohl subjektive als auch objektive und intersubjektive Komponenten besitzt und nicht auf eine der drei Komponenten reduziert werden kann.
WE ARE [TRULY] DIFFERENT: OTHERING IN INTER-ETNIC RELATION IN ROYYAN JULIAN’S SHORT STORY
Authors: Hartanto Erika Citra Sari , Inayati Rif’ah
Published: July 2024

Royyan Julian’s short story entitled “Di Malam Bulan Darah, Mogut Menyantap Jenazah Orang Kafir” [On the Night of the Blood Moon, Mogut Eats the Body of Infidel] (2019) captures the relationship among different ethnic groups, religions and gender in Madura. Set in Madura Island, the story uncovers more than just relation between Chinese and Madurese people and between female and male characters. This paper is focusing on inter-ethnic and inter-religion relation in the short story. This analysis used qualitative method and data collection used close-reading. Drawing theoretical inspiration from Simone de Beauvoir with a particular emphasis on the Other and Richard Jenkins’ theory on Social Identity, this study reveals how different identities bring different treatment, evaluation, and prejudice which led to othering. Through his short story, Royyan Julian discloses binary opposition related to ethnicities, religions, and gender. The hierarchy and power imbalance imposed on male and female characters in the story bring devastated impact on female character just because she has different identity from the majority of Muslims in Madura.
Striking a Balance: Navigating Exemptions in Extradition for Terrorism and Political Offenses under International Law
Authors: Adnan Sheikh Muhammad , Raza Mohsin , Shahzad Amir , Shahzad Salman , Jameel Raheel
Published: July 2024

This legal study critically analyzes the complexities of navigating exceptions to extradition, particularly concerning Terrorism and political offenses. It also distinguishes between comprehensive and sectoral conventions as well as universal and regional treaties, explaining the various approaches and their implications. It is a complex landscape of legal responses to international Terrorism. The efficacy of global conventions in addressing this very important issue is questionable. Each country has criteria for ascertaining what constitutes Terrorism and political offenses that can affect extradition. There is very little difference in the character of Terrorism and political offenses. Given the increasing global anxiety surrounding Terrorism and political offenses, this provides a significant perspective on the ongoing discourse on extradition in international law. This study uses a comprehensive qualitative methodology. It carefully examines legal texts, case law, and scholarly literature alongside a comparative analysis of extradition treaties and state practice. It used theories of democracy and Terrorism itself (which, in a global sense, must be fought) to distinguish and strike a balance between Terrorism and political offenses. Ultimately, this study has identified effective solutions to combat international Terrorism while addressing the differences between conventions. It also found a growing relationship between democratization and the global fight against Terrorism, with arguments for not categorizing acts of Terrorism as political offenses, especially in democracies. In addition, this study enhanced the understanding of the legal framework for countering international Terrorism and provided insight into the challenges and opportunities presented by various conventions. These findings have significant implications for refining extradition law, encouraging a balance that respects human rights, guarantees justice, prevents the abuse of the extradition process for political purposes, and contributes to the evolution of a fair and just international legal framework.
Caterpillar drive elements interaction when the first roller wheel hits an unevenness process dynamic.
Authors: Taratorkin I.A. ,   Institute of Engineering Science Ural Branch RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Derzhanskii V.B. , Abdulov S.V. , Volkov А.А. , Taratorkin A.I. ,   Institute of Engineering Science Ural Branch RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia,   Kurgan State University, Kurgan, Russia,   JSC “Special Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering”, Kurgan, Russia,   Institute of Engineering Science Ural Branch RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2,   Moscow State Technical University N.E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on the dynamics of high-speed tracked vehicle caterpillar drive elements and their interaction when moving over unevenness. Such movements are accompanied by the previously insufficiently studied effect of the caterpillar drive free branch capturing by the drive wheel gear rim in its front location, which leads to the destruction of the structural elements of the power unit. The paper presents the results of dynamic wave processes in a caterpillar drive obtained using mathematical modeling. The model, in which the dynamic system is presented as an elastic rod on an inertialess elastic foundation, takes into account the inertial dynamic loads in the caterpillar drive formed by the soil microprofile. It also allows us to analyze with satisfactory accuracy the dynamic excitation process of transverse vibrations in a free branch. The computational and experimental results of studying the dynamic process of free-branch transverse wave oscillations (when the first roller wheel hits an unevenness) demonstrate that due to the significant inertial force influence, the caterpillar oscillations amplitude increases significantly, which increases the likelihood of its capture by the drive wheel gear rim. The free branch transverse oscillations amplitude does not significantly depend on the design parameters. The determining factor is the pretensioning force. When the first track roller hits an unevenness, it is not a controllable value and, in the limiting case, can be reduced to zero. To reduce the likelihood of the drive wheel being caught by the gear rim, it is necessary to introduce an additional track tensioning mechanism and an appropriate control system into the design of the caterpillar mover with the front location of the drive wheels.
Social Skills and Behavioral Problems in Children with a History of Institutionalization and Foster Care
Authors: Moretti Maria Paula , Ibarra Ureta Nandy Lourdes Edith , Torrecilla Norma Mariana
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to analyze whether there were significant differences in social skills and in externalizing and internalizing behavior problems among three groups of children in Argentina: one group of adopted children with a history of institutional care, another group of adopted children with a history of foster care, and a third group of children with no history of alternative care who have lived with their biological family since birth. A non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 119 Argentine parents with children between the ages of 3 and 7. Of these, 41 parents had adopted a child with a history of institutional care, 38 had adopted a child with a history of foster care, and 40 were biological parents whose children had no history of alternative care. The Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale (PKBS) by Merrell (2003), adapted in Argentina by Reyna and Brussino (2009), was used to measure the variables studied. Adopted children with a history in institutional care obtained significantly lower scores in the three social skills assessed (social cooperation, social interaction, and social independence) and significantly higher scores in the two behavior problems assessed (internalizing and externalizing) compared to the other two groups. No significant differences were found in social skills and behavioral problems between the group of adopted children with a history of foster care and the group of children without a history of alternative care who have lived with their biological family since birth. Foster care could be considered a protective factor for children at risk.
The Political and Mental Aspects of Ukraine Integration with Europe
Authors: Hordiichuk Olha , Dekert Tomasz , Lysetska Yulia
Published: July 2024

This research paper examines Ukraine’s path towards European integration. From the 10th to the 12th centuries, Ukraine – then known as Kyivan Rus’ – was a strong independent state, but due to internal conflicts and conquests, it became weakened and fell under the influence of other state entities. From the 17th century onwards, as a result of the Pereyaslav agreements (1654 and 1659) between the Cossacks and Moscow, Ukraine found itself increasingly under the sway of Russia, a situation that persisted until the collapse of the “prison of the peoples”, the Soviet Union. Despite Russian propaganda portraying Ukraine as an integral part of Russia for a long time due to shared history and culture, in reality, modern Ukraine and Russia are two different countries with distinct political systems, development trajectories, identities, mentalities, fundamental values, and traditions. Ukrainian society, though subjected to Sovietization during communist times and later targeted by political and propaganda actions from the Russian Federation, stands fundamentally opposed to the authoritarian Russian society and closer to the democratic European community. For centuries, Russian authorities sought to colonize and exploit Ukraine for their own interests, attempting to erase Ukrainian identity, language, traditions, and rewriting Ukrainian history, yet they failed to fully assimilate the Ukrainian people despite numerous manipulations and crimes against them. The European, Western development trajectory of Ukraine and its desire to break away from Russia’s sphere of influence is one of the main reasons for the current full-scale war. The greatest similarities between Ukraine and European states at the level of mentality include Ukrainian love for freedom, individualism, and desire for democracy, in contrast to Russian despotism and authoritarianism. These distinct features of the Ukrainian mentality have historically preserved and revived the Ukrainian nation, aiding in its further development and providing hope for its future not only geographically and economically but also mentally and spiritually.
Review of Overseas Shinto Shrines. Religion, Secularity and Japanese Empire by Karli Shimizu, London, New York, Dublin: Bloomsbury, 2023. Xii + 278.
Authors: Skowron Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Review of Overseas Shinto Shrines. Religion, Secularity and Japanese Empire by Karli Shimizu, London, New York, Dublin: Bloomsbury, 2023. Xii + 278.
Evaluation of the activity of antimicrobial peptides against bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Kang Xuning , Zhao Ting , Song Yuzhu , Zhang Jinyang , Yuan Tao , Han Qinqin
Published: July 2024

New drugs for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) are yet to be developed due to concerns that they may contribute to the increase in antibiotic resistance in BV. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the most promising options for next-generation antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the bacteriostatic activity of the AMPs Pexiganan, plectasin, melittin, and cathelicidin-DM against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria both in vitro and in a mouse model of BV infection. The results showed that Pexiganan, melittin, and cathelicidin-DM had significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. AMPs have great potential for clinical application in the treatment of vaginitis, and this study provides an experimental basis for their use in the active immunoprophylaxis of BV.
Muga (Antheraea assamensis) silk electrospun scaffold for biomedical applications
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Subramanian , Kumar Balan Karthic , Ramaiyan Alwar Saravanan , Caraline I. , Gowri S. , Kavitha S.
Published: July 2024

Wild silk varieties are less explored in the field of biomaterials than cultivated mulberry silk (Bombyx Mori). In the present work, an electrospun scaffold was produced from wild silk, muga (Antheraea assamensis), and it was assessed for the properties required for biomaterials. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the electrospun fibers were formed without beads, and the majority of the fibers had diameters in the range of 500–900 nm. The scaffold started to decompose at 210 °C, which is higher than the temperature used for sterilization of the scaffold. The PBS uptake percentage was found to be 400 %, which is sufficient for the absorption of the medium used during cell culture. The scaffold had a hemolysis value of less than 5 %, which indicates that the scaffold exhibits good blood compatibility. The MTT assay showed cell viability of more than 80 % after 24 h and 48 h, and fluorescence microscopy showed that cells adhered and spread on the surface of the scaffold. The results show that muga silk electrospun mat can be used as an ideal biomaterial.
Crystal structure of (S)-4-(2-(4-(2-acetyl-5-chlorophenyl)-3-methoxy-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl)-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoic acid monohydrate, C29H26ClN3O7
Authors: Wen-Jie Xu , Ying Xiao , Duan-Ming Tan , Song Li
Published: July 2024

C29H26ClN3O7, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 15.5488(6) Å, b = 7.9366(3) Å, c = 22.6498(9) Å, β = 93.006(2)°, V = 2,791.24(19) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0528, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1391, T = 292 K.
Effects of sanitation on child growth in Serbian Roma communities
Authors: Čvorović Jelena
Published: July 2024

Poor sanitation may be associated with growth faltering, but empirical evidence on the association between household sanitation infrastructure and child nutrition has been mixed. This article assessed whether sanitation infrastructure is associated with growth penalties for Roma children.

Design

This is a Roma nationally representative population-based study. Proxies of child nutritional outcomes included children’s height-for-age Z scores below two standard deviations from the median of WHO’s reference population. Multiple and logistic regressions estimated the association between the type of toilet usage, outcomes, and sociodemographic determinants.

Setting

Data were from UNICEF’s fifth and sixth Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for Serbian Roma settlements.

Subjects

Children aged 0–24 (n = 1,150) and 25–59 (n = 2,024) months born to women aged 15–48 years were included in this study.

Results

About 16% of children resided in households with no toilet service, and 23% of children were stunted. Roma children aged 25–59 months in households with no toilet service and in rural areas were more likely to be stunted and of significantly shorter stature than their counterparts. Children up to 24 months of age were not affected by the type of toilet, likely due to protective effects of breastfeeding. Child’s age, number of siblings, and birth spacing negatively influenced growth outcomes, while maternal age, birthweight above 2.5 kg, and being a female mitigated against poor growth outcomes.

Conclusions

The relationship between the type of toilet and growth outcomes among Roma children varied with age and area: having no toilet and living in rural areas were associated with compromised child growth for children aged 25–59 months. Maternal and child characteristics additionally accounted for children’s growth.
Investment development path for developed economies: Is agriculture different?
Authors: Djokoto Justice Gameli , Ehiakpor Dennis Sedem , Danso-Abbeam Gideon , Korir Lilian
Published: July 2024

Literature reports that developed countries are expected to be in stage IV or V (high economic development) in the investment development path (IDP). Knowing the IDP stage of a country shows the cross-border attractiveness of the economy, the circuitousness of firms expanding beyond the home border, and an indication for the formulation of appropriate economic policies. As this theoretical proposition is based on the total economy, we investigated the plausibility of this theory for the agricultural sector in developed countries. Using the generalised least squares estimator, we employed data on 26 developed countries from 1990 to 2021. We found that developed countries’ agriculture is in the first phase of stage V. This is consistent with the theoretical background for developed countries regarding the total economy and demonstrates how the IDP theory for industrialised countries’ overall economies and their agricultural systems are compatible. Agricultural multinationals in developed countries must continue to get globalised through a more interlocking network of trans-border supportive arrangements such as production and market sharing. Moreover, additional acquisition of farm assets and development of the same would balance place-bound assets, leading to further fluctuation of the net outward foreign direct investment and creating smaller transient amplitudes of the curve.
A review of cultural and social representations of islands: Implications for island destination marketing
Authors: Carvalho Andreia , Carneiro Maria João , Kastenholz Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

Islands have always inspired human imagination, being associated with heroic journeys, myths, mysteries, and sacred quests, and often romanticised as ideal places to escape from ordinary life towards pleasant tourism destinations. Some studies have assessed island destination image, but only little attention has been paid to the social and cultural representations of islands and their role in island destination image formation. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to conduct in-depth research on the social and cultural meanings of islands and discuss practical implications for destination marketing. This work was based on an extensive literature review of scientific articles, books and chapters on island destinations to identify categories of such meanings assigned to islands over the centuries. The results reveal that islands are generally perceived as sacred and unique remote places, marked by a pristine environment and often associated with a romantic idyll. However, islands also face challenges, as there are several negative image elements, namely related to isolation, inaccessibility, and extreme weather events. Both attractive dimensions and those revealing islands’ vulnerability, visible in social representations, should be considered in destination image assessment, revealing potentialities and challenges for the marketing of island destinations.
Tourismuspolitik am Scheideweg?! – Reflektionen für neue Narrative in Freizeit, Tourismus und Hospitality
Authors: Pillmayer Markus , Eberhardt Katrin
Published: July 2024

Die Freizeit-, Tourismus- und Hospitalitybranche in Deutschland beklagt seit geraumer Zeit eine mangelnde Wertschätzung durch die Tourismuspolitik von der Orts- bis zur Bundesebene – trotz gestiegener und steigender touristischer Kennzahlen. Auf der einen Seite mag ein Grund dafür in der hohen Anzahl an Krisen – Polykrisen – mit denen sowohl Branche als auch Gesellschaft konfrontiert ist, liegen. Auf der anderen Seite konstatiert die Branche, dass bestehende Narrative nicht mehr die gewünschte Aufmerksamkeit erzielen – das Narrativ vom Wirtschaftsfaktor Tourismus scheint auserzählt, jedoch mindestens im Umbruch. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie mögliche neue Narrative im Sinne des Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) aussehen könnten, um im tourismuspolitischen Diskurs die erforderliche Aufmerksamkeit und damit die gewünschte Wertschätzung zu erlangen. Als Ausgang für die diskutierten Überlegungen dient Bayern als Tourismusland Nummer 1 in Deutschland, das in vielerlei Hinsicht als Benchmark fungiert und aufgrund des eigenen Selbstverständnisses einen Führungsanspruch im Deutschlandtourismus formuliert.
MEMÓRIA: DIMENSÕES ESTÉTICAS E ÉTICAS
Authors: Sousa Silva Carlos Wender
Published: July 2024

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão em torno das dimensões estética, política, histórica e ética da memória. Para isso, passa pela análise que Paul Ricœur faz em torno de uma fenomenologia da memória e, consequentemente, analisa as implicações de uma leitura que estabelece as representações do passado através da relação entre memória e a condição histórica dos indivíduos. Discute, então, as noções de memória coletiva e memória individual (HALBWACHS, 1990) a partir da obra literária K.: relato de uma busca, de Bernardo Kucinski. Esse texto literário é nossa ferramenta central na discussão da criação de uma concepção de representação do passado. O presente artigo faz uma análise política da memória (HUYSSEN, 2015) e da forma como ela se manifesta em obras artísticas contemporâneas, a partir de uma leitura que se afasta de uma compreensão universal e única da lembrança e do esquecimento. Ou seja, é adotada aqui a ideia de uma memória que se vincula à imagem de um palimpsesto. Significa dizer algo que vai se reconstruíndo em cima dos vestígios e dos fragmentos de um movimento passado, o qual passa por um processo de ressignificação constante no presente. A representação literária é compreendida como parte do processo de formação de uma memória cultural (ASSMAN, 2011), que observa desde questões literárias, filosóficas e históricas, até aspectos da psicanálise e da subjetividade que dizem respeito à natureza humana. Nesse sentido, a memória, entendida como ferramenta de produção literária, assume uma posição discursiva com dimensões estéticas e éticas.
Pediatric Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Prescribing Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bose-Brill Seuli , Hirabayashi Kathryn , Schwimmer Emmanuel , Pajor Nathan M. , Rao Suchitra , Mejias Asuncion , Jhaveri Ravi , Forrest Christopher B. , Bailey L. Charles , Christakis Dimitri A. , Thacker Deepika , Hanley Patrick C. , Patel Payal B. , Cogen Jonathan D. , Block Jason P. , Prahalad Priya , Lorman Vitaly , Lee Grace M. ,   Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery consortium
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES

This study seeks to identify demographic and clinical factors prompting clinician prescribing of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to pediatric patients for management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

METHODS

Patients aged 12 to 17 years with a COVID-19 infection and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription during an outpatient clinical encounter within a PEDSnet-affiliated institution between January 2022 and August 2023 were identified using electronic health record data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription after adjusting for various factors.

RESULTS

A total of 20 959 patients aged 12 to 17 years were diagnosed with a COVID-19 infection on the basis of an electronic health record-documented positive polymerase chain reaction or antigen test or diagnosis during an outpatient clinical visit. Of these patients, 408 received a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription within 5 days of diagnosis. Higher odds of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment were associated with having chronic or complex chronic disease (chronic: odds ratio [OR] 2.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–3.38]; complex chronic: OR 2.21 [95% CI 1.58–3.08]). Among patients with chronic disease, each additional body system conferred 1.18 times higher odds of treatment (95% CI 1.10–1.26). Compared with non-Hispanic white patients, Hispanic patients (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.44–0.83]) had lower odds of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Children with chronic conditions are more likely than those without to receive nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescriptions. However, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescribing to children with chronic conditions remains infrequent. Pediatric data concerning nirmatrelvir/ritonavir safety and effectiveness in preventing severe disease and hospitalization are critical optimizing clinical decision-making and use among children.
INTERPRETATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN POSTMODERNISM AND METAMODERNISM
Authors: VYSOTSKA Olha
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control in postmodernism and metamodernism. The similarities and differences in the description of social control mechanisms are identified. The concepts of “society of the spectacle” (G.Debord), “society of surveillance” (M.Foucault) and “society of control” (J. Deleuze) are analyzed, which show the evolution of postmodernists’ views on social processes.. The concept of the “listening society” (G.Freinacht) as a metamodern alternative to the development of modern society is presented. Postmodernism focuses on criticizing society, drawing attention to its increasing fragmentation, the crisis of metanarratives, and the growing role of the media as a tool for social control. In contrast, metamodernism tries to balance modern and postmodern theories, recognizing the importance of centralized and decentralized forms of social control. This allows simultaneously taking into account the diversity of identities of a modern person and the possibility of his or her integration into society through the adoption of common norms and rules. Metamodernism seeks to reconstruct metanarratives that can contribute to new forms of social control based on cooperation and common interests. It emphasizes the importance of empathy in social control, whereas postmodernism rejects it as a false, simulated form of social relations. While postmodernism focuses more on critical analysis of existing structures, metamodernism aims to find hybrid and adaptive forms of control that combine traditional methods with the latest technologies. All these differences in the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control reflect the paradigm shift from postmodern deconstruction to synthesis and reconstruction within metamodernism.
SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF THE PERSONALITY WITHIN THE EXISTENTIAL DISCOURSE OF JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
Authors: MAZUR Maryna
Published: July 2024

In this article, the subject is considered by the author not as a static object, but as a «project», which is in a state of constant becoming. During the study were obtained the following conclusions: firstly, it was emphasized, that a subject has no predefined essence and that his existence precedes any design or plan. Secondly, it is detected, that a subject constructs its identity not through random circumstances or predefined restrictions of the external world, but through the carried-out choices and own deeds and actions, which manifested in the world. Thirdly, it is installed, that а subject is forced to accept its individual freedom even, if it contradicts his desires or expectations of other people. Fourthly, it is substantiated, that the process of self-identification can be dramatic, as it requires the subject to gap with usual stereotypes and expectations, and also acceptance own individuality and responsibility for its actions. Fifthly, it is accented, that the process of self-identification of a personality involves disclosure and cognition of the essence own «Ego», as a unique and integral structure, which is manifested in the subject’s ability to self-creation, self-fulfillment and self-improvement and in his real possibility to form an image of the future world. Sixthly, it is determined, that absolute freedom for the subject turns into a necessity, which prompts his to responsibility for its existence, choice, actions and deeds. Seventhly, it is allocated, that the subject denies social and moral-religious attitudes to free themselves from external influence, that impede his freedom of choice, which is a reflection of his subjective attitude to any situation. That is in this case we can say that the subject, creating its reality, does not rely on external authority, the existence of which is questionable in the world and is repelled only on subjective choice.
VALUE-NORMATIVE DIMENSIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR
Authors: PETRUK Nataliya , GAPCHENKO Olena
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the ethical and value dimensions of the ecological crisis in the situation caused by war, and to the clarification of the significance of human responsibility for one’s actions in relation to nature. It is shown that the observance of moral and ethical norms and orientation to the values vital to man are a necessary condition for the preservation of human life and nature. The analysis of the tasks set in the article is carried out on the basis of the use of ideas of communicative philosophy and discursive ethics, which allows to form knowledge about the ecologically constructive relations of man with nature, to assess the scale of environmental problems in the conditions of war, and to search for ways to mitigate the consequences of the ecological crisis for man and nature.It is substantiated that the ecological crisis has value and cultural origins, therefore the awareness of the need to adhere to universal human values and the correlation of human actions in relation to nature with the norms of cultural and historical universalism becomes especially relevant. Attention is focused on the fact that in the conditions of war, barbaric expansion into the natural world, soullessness, merciless treatment of the plant and animal world, man and humanity must be guided in their actions by humanistic consciousness and moral principles, determine their actions by understanding responsibility for life. It has been established that modern man’s recognition of the importance of moral and ethical norms and humanistic values is an alternative to a lifestyle built on an unlimited, aggressive, exploitative attitude towards nature. Despite the difference between the types of culture and different cultural systems, the dominance of different value systems, people must equally ensure equal rights and bear joint responsibility for life. The most promising development strategy for humanity in a war situation should be the preservation of human life in unity with nature.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING A THEORETICAL COMMUNICATIVE MODEL TO OVERCOME A CRISIS IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE OF BUILDING A COMMUNICATIVE FIELD DURING A CRISIS: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE
Authors: PETRONIUK Vadym
Published: July 2024

The relevance of effective communication during crisis situations cannot be overestimated, as it determines society’s ability to respond to challenges and maintain stability. The importance of communication and communication technologies from a sociological point of view lies in their influence on social cohesion, mobilization of resources and maintenance of social order.The article considers the correspondence of the components of the model of communication strategies in crisis situations in practice, in particular during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and during the war in Ukraine, with the theoretical structural components of communication models. Theoretical models of crisis communication, such as SCCT (Situational Crisis Communication Theory), identify key principles that ensure effective communication: transparency, timeliness, credibility, consistency and empathy.This study analyzes how these theoretical principles are applied in practice in the conditions of war in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to communication strategies used by the Ukrainian government. Addressing the nation, informing the public through social media and international support campaigns are seen as key elements of successful communication.The analysis of cases made it possible to determine the correspondence of theoretical models to practical actions, confirmed the universality of the SCCT model, and also made it possible to formulate recommendations for further research on related topics. The results of the study confirm the importance of including each of the aspects for a successful exit from the crisis, as well as maintaining a stable situation in the communicative space of society during the crisis. Thus, the study emphasizes that effective communication not only contributes to the prompt resolution of crisis situations, but also ensures social cohesion and support of the nation’s morale in the face of challenges.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AND MEASURING THE SUPPLY OF WORKING GAS FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF THE ELECTRIC PROPULSION THRUSTERS
Authors: Pererva Viktor , Petrenko Olexandr , Aleksieienko Oleksandr
Published: July 2024

The object of the research is a device for measuring, controlling, and indicating the flow rate of working gas during laboratory testing of electric propulsion systems for space applications. The problem lies in the need to ensure high accuracy in controlling and measuring the flow rates of working gas for such devices. The obtained results include: analysis of existing industrial flow meters that could be used in development; proposed structural and functional diagrams of the device; experimental investigations into the accuracy of the developed device. Based on the analysis of parameters of the most common flow meters for development, the Bronkhorst F-201CV-100-AAD-22-V regulator was selected. Based on the selected regulator, a device was developed with a 32-bit ARM architecture. This architecture provides for the use of floating-point calculations, easy reprogramming of the device, and fast indication of values displayed on the indicator. The device features galvanic isolation between the control bus and the UART port of the microcontroller. The device allows for regulation, measurement, and indication of the flow rate of working gas into the anode block and hollow cathode during testing of Hall thrusters. Using the device allows for recommendations regarding the design of onboard systems for supplying working fluid to electric rocket propulsion systems. Based on the presented development and conducted research, laboratory prototypes of the devices were manufactured. The measurement error throughout the entire range of working gas flow rates does not exceed 0.7%. The overall error of the stand control and measurement system for working gas flow rates is up to 3%. The developed device provides measurement accuracy that satisfies the developers of electric propulsion systems.
КРИЗИС ТЕПЛОВІДДАЧІ ПРИ ВИПАРОВУВАННІ РІДКОГО МЕТАЛУ З ПОВЕРХНІ КАПІЛЯРНО-ПОРИСТОЇ СТРУКТУРИ
Authors: Bilogurov Stanislav
Published: July 2024

Об’єктом дослідження даної роботи є теплофізичні процеси, які відбуваються при тепловіддачі охолоджувальної поверхні з  капілярно-пористою структурою (КПС) при фазових переходах охолоджуючої рідини. Збільшення підвищених теплонапруженихможливостей вузлів і агрегатів енергетичних установок, як наземного так і космічного базування, потребує надійного і безпечного охолодження цих елементів. Метою роботи є визначення основних параметрів КПС для застосування більш ефективного способу охолодження теплонапружених елементів рідинних ракетних двигунів.Для виконання такої задачі, у якості теплоносіїв, найбільш доцільніше використовувати речовини з високими критичними параметрами, до яких належать рідкі та лужні метали.Поява нових матеріалів і технологій їх виробництва потребує додаткових досліджень у галузі теплообміну в капілярних структурах та на їх поверхнях, що дає суттєвий ефект у порівнянні з плоскими поверхнями. Використання принципу дії теплових труб з капілярно-пористими структурамищоб забезпечити надійне охолодження рідинних ракетних двигунів малої тяги, для корекції та орієнтації супутників, дає можливість суттєво знизити масово-габаритні характеристики установки у порівнянні з традиційними методами охолодження. У зв’язку з цим у даній роботі для проведення досліджень по визначенню основних ефективних параметрів КПС, як метод дослідження, було вибрано експериментальне визначення коефіцієнта тепловіддачі на капілярно-пористих поверхнях при випаровуванні лужних металів. Визначено кількісні залежності коефіцієнта тепловіддачі від коефіцієнта випаровування. Наведена межа  впливу капілярного тиску на коефіцієнт випаровування та виявлені основні причини виникнення кризи теплообміну при випаровуванні рідких металів з капілярних структур.
METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL FOR AEROSPACE PARTS, PRODUCED WITH 3D-PRINTING OUT OF COMPOSITE-REINFORCED POLYMERS
Authors: Sirenko M. , Karpovych O.
Published: July 2024

One of the features of parts, made from polymer composite materials, is that the part and material are both formed at once, when the part is being made. Complexity of interaction processes between matrix and reinforcing fiber makes it difficult to achieve prognosed characteristics of part due to possible imperfections of manufacturing processes and technology. Therefore, an important part of parts life cycle is quality control. Quality control can be destructive or non-destructive, the latter giving more information and insight on defects of the part itself and, possibly, at flaws in manufacturing technology. With the increase in popularity of use of additive manufacturing technologies, especially – FDM 3d-printing, in aerospace industry, there’s a need to improve the performance of parts. Benefits of FDM 3d-printing is the absence of need for specialized forming equipment and tools, especially for forming the parts with complex, topologically-optimized geometry and structure. One of the ways to improve printed parts performance and its physical properties is to use continuous fiber reinforcement. Because of need to control the state and position of the fiber in the part, quality control is also an important part of this type of additive manufacturing. Existing popular methods of quality control, used in polymer composite materials part manufacturing were reviewed. Also, the features and limitations, imposed by structure of printed parts and printing technology were reviewed as well, the differences of them and polymer composite parts made in traditional forming ways, were noted too. The destructive testing methods reviewed are tensile stress testing, bend testing and impact stress testing. The non-destructive quality control methods reviewed are visual, acoustic, radiological and ultrasound. Also, recommendations on their use on FDM 3d-printed parts were formed. As a result, visual and ultrasound methods were accepted as non-destructive methods of quality control, with need to perform destructive tests on sample parts as well. Also, as a promising method, thermography was proposed, yet because of the limitation of using it with high-temperature polymers, its utility is also limited.
VACUUM SYSTEM FOR COATING PARTS OF ROCKET AND SPACE EQUIPMENT
Authors: Bondar Dmytro , Nadtoka Volodymyr , Kraiev Maksym
Published: July 2024

A vertical type vacuum plant was created for applying coatings using the ion-plasma deposition method to the inner surface of hollow products with a diameter of up to 200 mm and a length of up to 1000 mm. The plant includes: a vacuum chamber with a vacuum system, an evaporator with a magnetic system, a power supply and control system, a cooling system. Radial evaporation cathode of tubular shape with controlled arc is used. Inside the cathode is a magnetic system that controls the movement of cathode spots on its surface. Permanent magnets create arched magnetic fields that hold the position of the discharge track in the tangential direction. The trajectory of the movement of the cathode spots has the form of an ellipse stretched along the cathode. For uniform spraying of the cathode surface, the track moves in two directions: around the circumference of the cathode surface and along its length. A mechanism for moving the magnetic system is mounted on the cover of the vacuum chamber. The product to be coated is mounted inside the vacuum chamber in a vertical position thanks to the removable top cover. The necessary rarefaction of the atmosphere (vacuum) is achieved with the help of two vacuum pumps. Coating materials are traditional Сr and Ni-Cr alloys. A feature of the coating structure is presented: the formation of a combination of solid condensed and soft droplet phases. The droplet phase is a part of the evaporator material with several times lower hardness compared to the nitrided condensed phase. The distribution of the soft phase in a strong coating prevents its brittleness, which is important for thick coatings. The disadvantage of the vacuum-arc deposition process is the heating of the part to a temperature of 380-450 °C. To exclude the softening of the main metal of the combustion chamber and nozzle, it is recommended to use bronze alloys with a recrystallization temperature of at least 500 °C.