bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sporadic Intradural Extramedullary Hemangioblastoma of Cauda Equina with Large Peritumoral Cyst—A Rare Presentation
Authors: Thippeswamy Pushpa B. , Soundararajan Dilip C. R. , Kanna Ríshi M. , Kuna Venkata S. , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan
Published: January 2022

Cauda equina intradural tumors commonly reported include ependymoma, schwannoma, neurofibroma, meningioma, and drop metastasis. Hemangioblastoma of the neural axis is a rare benign vascular tumor comprising only 1.6 to 6.4% of spinal tumors, and are usually associated with Von-Hippel Lindau disease. Sporadic intradural extramedullary hemangioblastoma involving cauda equina is very rare with only countable reports, and the presence of peritumoral cyst has been reported only once. We report one such case of hemangioblastoma with a large peritumoral cyst, which was diagnosed radiologically and confirmed by histopathology following surgical excision. Pertinent radiological characteristics, diagnostic clues, treatment, and surgical outcomes are discussed.
Isolated Complete Distal Biceps Femoris Tendon Tears: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Azzopardi Christine , Beale David , James Steven L. , Botchu Rajesh
Published: January 2022

The Biceps femoris is a vital component of the posterolateral corner of the knee. We report two cases of isolated rupture of the biceps femoris, discuss the possible mechanism of injury, and review the literature.
Gastroschisis: Impact of Bedside Closure on Ventilator-Associated Outcomes
Authors: Campbell Alison Morag , Motawea Mahmoud , Fradley Wayne , Marven Sean
Published: January 2022

Aim In our practice, preformed silos are routine rather than reserved for difficult cases. We aimed to identify whether silo and bedside closure can minimize: general anesthetic (GA) exposure, need for intubation and ventilation, or days intubated for neonates with simple gastroschisis (SG).

Methods After approval, patients were identified via the neonatal discharge log (April 2010 to April 2019). Data were collected by case-note review and analyzed with respect to GA, ventilation, and core outcomes.

Results Of 104 patients (50 female, mean birth weight 2.43 kg, mean gestational age 36 + 2 weeks), 85 were SG and 19 complex. Silo application was initial management in 70 SG, 57 completed successful bedside closure (by day 4 of life—median). Fifteen SG had initial operative closure.

Of the 70 SG managed with silo, 46 (66%) had no GA as neonates. Twelve required GA for line insertion. Thirteen patients with initial silo had closure in theater (7 opportunistic at time of GA for line). Nine required intubation and ventilation out-with the operating theater during neonatal management. Seven had already been intubated at delivery; 3 because of meconium aspiration.

One-hundred percent of those treated with operative closure had GA, 1 patient subsequently required surgery for subglottic stenosis. Time to full feeds did not differ between groups.

Conclusion Silo and bedside closure allow the majority of SG neonates to avoid GA or intubation in the neonatal period, without increased risk of complication. However, it is important that the nursing expertise required to manage these patients safely is not underestimated.
Time-Lapse Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis on Effectiveness
Authors: Fadon Patricia , Gallegos Eleanor , Jalota Salonika , Muriel Lourdes , Diaz-Garcia Cesar
Published: January 2022

Time-lapse systems have quickly become a common feature of in vitro fertilization laboratories all over the world. Since being introduced over a decade ago, the alleged benefits of time-lapse technology have continued to grow, from undisturbed culture conditions and round the clock, noninvasive observations to more recent computer-assisted selection of embryos through the development of algorithms. Despite the global uptake of time-lapse technology, its real impact on clinical outcomes is still controversial. This review aims to explore the different features offered by time-lapse technology, discussing incubation, algorithms, artificial intelligence and the regulation of nonessential treatment interventions, while assessing evidence on whether any benefit is offered over conventional technology.
Multinationals, Capital Export, and the Inclusive Development Debate in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Insight
Authors: Ezeoha Abel , Akinyoade Akinyinka , Amobi Ifediora , Ekumankama Ogbuagu , Kamau Paul , Kazimierczuk Agnieszka , Mukoko Catherine , Okoye Ifeanyi , Uche Chibuike
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we employed a blend of multiple and historical case study design, and a mix of institutional, behavioral, resource-based, and multinational theories, to examine the nature of multinational companies’ (MNC) engagements in local economic development and capital export practices in an African context. Evidence from our Nigerian case analysis (FrieslandCampina, Nigerian Breweries Plc. and Dangote Cement) confirms the proposition that, faced with a similar degree of uncertainty and constrained institutional environment and laying claims to differing sources of competitive advantage, both local and foreign MNCs would repatriate profits and limit exposures to local value chains (LVCs) mainly as a strategy for mitigating country risks and preserving corporate value. Such limited exposures detach MNCs, especially the foreign ones, from the LVCs, and by doing so push them to deeper reliance on the global value chains (GVCs). Linking local businesses to the GVCs is central in the inclusive development (ID) debate essentially because it allows for the redistribution of economic benefits, helps in building a complementary (rather than competitive) relationship between MNCs and local businesses, and facilitates local businesses’ access to international markets. We, therefore, recommend that in pursuit of the inclusive and sustainable development projects in Africa, industrial policies need to be tailored toward stabilizing the policy environment, protecting investments from risk of expropriation, and incentivizing MNCs’ participation in the LVCs.
Super-resolution and spectroscopic fingerprints achieved through pairing of technologies
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: January 2022

Fourier transform spectroscopy and nonlinear optical microscopy prove effective partners for improving spatial resolution.
A high-sensitivity liquid concentration-sensing structure based on a phoxonic crystal slot nanobeam
Authors: Li Ke-Yu , Sun Xiao-Wei , Song Ting , Wen Xiao-Dong , Wang Yi-Wen , Liu Xi-Xuan , Liu Zi-Jiang
Published: January 2022

A high-sensitivity liquid concentration-sensing structure based on a phoxonic crystal slot nanobeam with gradient cavities is presented and its sensing properties are investigated using the finite element method. The proposed sensing structure, which can be made from either isotropic or anisotropic materials, can have excellent sensing properties that are designed via geometric optimization. We investigate the influences of various solution concentrations on electromagnetic and elastic wave transmission spectra. The results demonstrate that the introduction of gradient cavities can enable the system to avoid lattice mutation and reduce energy loss, thereby concentrating light and sound energy in the slot and holes, enhancing interactions between the electromagnetic and elastic waves, and improving sensitivity. It is worth noting that the sensing characteristics are related to the electric field distribution in the light sensor. That is, the sensitivity is better when more electric energy is distributed in the liquid-filled slot and holes. The sensitivity can reach 238.1 nm/RIU. The acoustic sensing properties are related to the solid–liquid interaction. This is especially true for the modal sensing characteristics, where the acoustic energy is concentrated on the solid–liquid interface. Therefore, greater interaction strength implies better sensitivity. The acoustic sensitivity can reach 3167 kHz/ms−1. The proposed structure provides acoustic and optical cross-checks for different types of solutions. This helps us to improve sensing accuracy and reduce sensing uncertainty.
Microbubble implosions in finite hollow spheres
Authors: Zosa M. A. H. , Murakami M.
Published: January 2022

Microbubble implosion (MBI) is a recently proposed novel mechanism with many interesting and exciting potential applications. MBI predicts that the inner layers of a spherical target with a hollow cavity can be compressed into a core with a density 105 times that of the solid density. Furthermore, this ultra-compressed core mostly consists of ions. This leads to the generation of ultra-high electric fields, which may be applicable to gamma-ray lensing or pair creation. However, MBI has yet to be studied for finite hollow spheres whose electrons are free to redistribute themselves after being given an initial temperature. This paper studies MBI under finite sphere conditions. Using an electron distribution model, the electron distribution after receiving an initial temperature is studied. Then, the optimal parameters required to fill a hollow cavity with electrons are calculated. The dynamics of MBI is simulated using a hybrid one-dimensional code. The simulation demonstrates that MBI occurs even for finite spheres, and high-density compression is still achievable with this setup. It also shows the optimal target structure, which maximizes ion flashing.
Soft matter crystallography—Complex, diverse, and new crystal structures in condensed materials on the mesoscale
Authors: Dshemuchadse Julia
Published: January 2022

An increasing variety of crystal structures has been observed in soft condensed matter over the past two decades, surpassing most expectations for the diversity of arrangements accessible through classical driving forces. Here, we survey the structural breadth of mesoscopic crystals—formed by micellar systems, nanoparticles, colloids, etc.—that have been observed in both soft matter experiments and coarse-grained self-assembly simulations. We review structure types that were found to mimic crystals on the atomic scale, as well as those that do not correspond to known geometries and seem to only occur on the mesoscale. While the number of crystal structure types observed in soft condensed matter still lags behind what is known from hard condensed matter, we hypothesize that the high tunability and diversity of building blocks that can be created on the nano- and microscale will render a structural variety that far exceeds that of atomic compounds, which are inevitably restricted by the “limitations” imposed by the periodic table of elements and by the properties of the chemical bond. An infusion of expertise in structural analysis from the field of crystallography into the soft condensed matter community will establish the common language necessary to report, compare, and organize the rapidly accruing structural knowledge gathered from simulations and experiments. The prospect of new materials created in soft matter and new, length-scale-spanning insights into the formation of ordered structures in both hard and soft condensed matter promise exciting new developments in the area of self-assembled mesoscale materials.
Molecular dynamics study on the shock induced spallation of polyethylene
Authors: Dewapriya M. A. N. , Miller R. E.
Published: January 2022

Macroscopic experimental results of the plate impact tests of polymers are generally interpreted using the free surface approximation and the acoustic approximation. However, their validity over a range of shock pressures has not been thoroughly investigated yet. We conducted molecular dynamics simulations of plate impact tests of polyethylene to obtain molecular-level insights on those two common approximations associated with the interpretation of shock pressure and spall strength. Our results revealed that the free surface approximation could slightly underpredict the shock pressure in the polymer. The spall strength computed from the free surface velocity history can be significantly smaller than the actual tensile stress in the region of spallation.
Synthesis and structure of carbon-doped H3S compounds at high pressure
Authors: Goncharov Alexander F. , Bykova Elena , Bykov Maxim , Zhang Xiao , Wang Yu , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Smith Jesse S.
Published: January 2022

Understanding of recently reported putative close-to-room-temperature superconductivity in C–S–H compounds at 267 GPa demands a reproducible synthesis protocol as well as knowledge of the compounds' structure and composition. We synthesized C–S–H compounds with various carbon compositions at high pressures from elemental carbon C and methane CH4, sulfur S, and molecular hydrogen H2. Here, we focus on compounds synthesized using methane as these allow a straightforward determination of their structure and composition by combining single-crystal x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. We applied a two-stage synthesis of [(CH4)x(H2S)(1−x)]2H2 compounds with various compositions by first reacting sulfur and mixed methane–hydrogen fluids and forming CH4-doped H2S crystals at 0.5–3 GPa and then by growing single crystals of the desired hydrogen-rich compound. Raman spectroscopy applied to this material shows the presence of CH4 molecules incorporated into the lattice and allows the determination of the CH4 content, while single-crystal x-ray diffraction results suggest that the methane molecules substitute H2S molecules. The structural behavior of these compounds is very similar to the previously investigated methane-free crystals demonstrating a transition from Al2Cu type I4/mcm molecular crystal to a modulated molecular structure at 20–30 GPa and back to the same basic I4/mcm structure in an extended modification with greatly modified Raman spectra. This latter phase demonstrates a distortion into a Pnma structure at 132–159 GPa and then transforms into a common Im3¯m H3S phase at higher pressures; however, no structural anomaly is detected near 220 GPa, where a sharp upturn in Tc has been reported.
Anharmonicity of lattice vibrations in thin film α-Ga2O3 investigated by temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Grümbel Jona , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Jeon Dae-Woo , Feneberg Martin
Published: January 2022

Gallium oxide is a promising candidate for several future electronic devices to replace common technologies. For this reason, an understanding of fundamental physical processes is needed. In this work, we investigate the Raman excitations of a α-Ga2O3 thin film under temperature variation from 80 K up to 790 K. This yields detailed information about anharmonic processes in the crystal. For the two dominant phonon modes for each of the two Raman-active phonon mode symmetries (A1g and Eg), model calculations are performed in order to quantify the contributions of different decay mechanisms. It is shown that our experimental data can be well described by the applied theoretical models. The determined coefficients of cubic and quartic decay for both, phonon energy and linewidth, are compared with those from hexagonal GaN and AlN as well as with those from α-Al2O3. We observe that for the two selected phonon modes of α-Ga2O3, the shifts of frequency and broadening under temperature variation are significantly smaller than in GaN and AlN, but similar to α-Al2O3.
Modification of subcritical cylinder flow with an upstream rod
Authors: Gao Donglai , Chang Xu , Tursuntohti Tayir , Yu Haiyang , Chen Wen-Li
Published: January 2022

In the current research, a small circular rod is placed upstream of the main cylinder. This is used to change the incoming flow and, thus, impact the vortex shedding process of the wake as well as the resultant aerodynamic forces. The experiments are carried out in a wind tunnel with a subcritical Reynolds number of Re = 32 000. The sectional pressure distribution around the main cylindrical model is obtained to calculate unsteady aerodynamic forces. The experimental results show that the gap ratio markedly affects the aerodynamic forces exerting on the main cylinder. The optimal gap ratios for drag reduction are found to be G/D = 1.5 and 2.0, where the average drag and unsteady lift forces exerting on the main cylinder are suppressed. In addition to pressure measurements, we also apply the high-speed particle image velocimetry system to obtain flow characteristics of the cylinder wake as well as the gap flow. Two different modes of gap flow are found, i.e., the cavity mode and the wake impingement mode, and the transition value between them is around G/D = 1.5. Moreover, at the appropriate gap ratio, the wake vortex shedding pattern of the main cylindrical model changes from antisymmetric to symmetric.
Pulsating modes of a Taylor cone under an unsteady electric field
Authors: Cheng Jin-bo , Yang Li-jun , Fu Qing-fei , Ren Jun-xue , Tang Hai-bin , Sun Da-kun , Sun Xiao-feng
Published: January 2022

Micro-thrusters based on the mechanism of electro-atomization are widely used in space engines and play an important role in spacecraft power supply and attitude adjustment. However, current research on the dynamic characteristics of electro-atomization is focused on a steady electric field, and the effect of an alternating electric field is helpful in order to realize the attitude adjustment of the micro-thruster pulse working mode and the self-neutralization of a plume by alternating polarity. For this reason, this work focuses on experimental investigation; the oscillation behavior of a Taylor cone under an alternating electric field excitation has also been systematically examined. Using a high-speed camera, the pulsating modes of a Taylor cone under the disturbance of a continuous sinusoidal waveform and a single pulse waveform were recorded, and the responses of different oscillation modes and geometric characteristics to different disturbance parameters analyzed and discussed. This research has shown that the oscillation of a Taylor cone under a continuous sinusoidal waveform disturbance can be divided into six different modes; the dynamic characteristics of each mode are discussed, and each mode has been assigned its own unique matching relationship for different disturbance parameters. The three-dimensional distribution phase diagrams of the six modes were drawn after the relevant parameters were made dimensionless. Under the disturbance of a single pulse waveform, the geometric oscillation of the Taylor cone displayed a specific law: the oscillation period of the diameter and cone angle was consistent and showed a strong correlation with the charge relaxation time of the liquid.
Ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy setup for synchrotron-based in situ and operando atomic layer deposition research
Authors: Kokkonen E. , Kaipio M. , Nieminen H.-E. , Rehman F. , Miikkulainen V. , Putkonen M. , Ritala M. , Huotari S. , Schnadt J. , Urpelainen S.
Published: January 2022

An ambient pressure cell is described for conducting synchrotron-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements during atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. The instrument is capable of true in situ and operando experiments in which it is possible to directly obtain elemental and chemical information from the sample surface using XPS as the deposition process is ongoing. The setup is based on the ambient pressure XPS technique, in which sample environments with high pressure (several mbar) can be created without compromising the ultrahigh vacuum requirements needed for the operation of the spectrometer and the synchrotron beamline. The setup is intended for chemical characterization of the surface intermediates during the initial stages of the deposition processes. The SPECIES beamline and the ALD cell provide a unique experimental platform for obtaining new information on the surface chemistry during ALD half-cycles at high temporal resolution. Such information is valuable for understanding the ALD reaction mechanisms and crucial in further developing and improving ALD processes. We demonstrate the capabilities of the setup by studying the deposition of TiO2 on a SiO2 surface by using titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide and water as precursors. Multiple core levels and the valence band of the substrate surface were followed during the film deposition using ambient pressure XPS.
A perspective on elastic metastructures for energy harvesting
Authors: Wen Zhihui , Wang Wan , Khelif Abdelkrim , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram , Jin Yabin
Published: January 2022

Rapid advances have been made in the properties of metastructures, including phononic crystals, metamaterials, and metasurfaces, with respect to their robustness, high power density, and broadband behavior. This presents unique advantages for energy harvesting devices to meet the demands for technology upgrades in various applied science and engineering applications such as wireless sensors, MEMS, and wearable devices. We provide a systematic overview of the mechanisms underlying the above properties, considering different configurations of wave localization in elastic metastructures for energy harvesting purposes. The energy localization can result from cavity modes, topologically protected edge/cavity modes, chiral edge mode, focusing effects, among others. Finally, we give the prospects of energy harvesting metastructures such as the introduction of nonlinear design, time-modulation, machine learning inverse design, and nonlocal effects.
Realization of adjustable electron concentration and its effect on electrical- and Seebeck-property of n-type SnSe crystals
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Li , Lv Yang-Yang , Zhang Hang-Fei , Zhang Yong , Zhang Jinglei , Zhou Jian , Yao Shu-Hua , Chen Y. B. , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: January 2022

Manipulation of carrier types in SnSe crystals is quite advantageous to fabricate SnSe-based homojunction devices such as thermoelectric modules. However, tuning the n-type charge carrier at an optimal level of SnSe is quite challenging because of its natural p-type without intentional doping. Here, we report the realization of the n-type SnSe through halogens or Ce doping. Importantly, heavily electron doped SnSe single crystals (∼1019 cm−3) can be obtained by Ce-doping through the Bridgeman method. The electrical conductivity of as-grown SnSe crystals evolves from thermally activated behavior to the metallic one when the electron concentrations are increased from 1016 to 1019 cm−3. Remarkably, the power-factor and electronic quality factor of heavily electron Ce-doped SnSe crystals can reach 1.59 and 0.44 μW cm−1 K−2 at 300 K, respectively, which is one of the best thermoelectric n-type SnSe. This work suggests that Ce-doping through the Bridgeman method is an ideal route for further improving the thermoelectric property of n-type SnSe crystals.
Electronic and magnetic properties of quasi-one-dimensional osmium halide OsCl4
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lin Ling-Fang , Moreo Adriana , Dagotto Elbio
Published: January 2022

Using ab initio density functional theory, we study the electronic and magnetic properties of the van der Waals chain material OsCl4. In the nonmagnetic state, a strongly anisotropic band structure was observed, in agreement with its anticipated one-dimensional crystal geometry. Based on Wannier functions, we found that the four electrons of the 5d Os atom form a low-spin S = 1 state, with a large crystal field between the dxz/yz and dxy orbitals, corresponding to a strong Jahn–Teller distortion (Q3< 0). As a consequence, the magnetic properties are mainly contributed by the dxz/yz states. Furthermore, when a Mott gap develops after the introduction of the Hubbard U and Hund coupling J, we found that the staggered spin order is the most likely magnetic state, namely, spins arranged as (↑-↓-↑-↓) with π wavevector along the chain. In addition, the energy differences between various spin states are small, suggesting a weak magnetic exchange coupling along the chain. Our results provide guidance to experimentalists and theorists working on quasi-one-dimensional osmium halides chain materials.
Red blood cell in the field of a beam of optical tweezers
Authors: Ermolinskiy P.B. , Lugovtsov A.E. , Semenov A.N. , Priezzhev A.V.
Published: January 2022

We consider the effect of a tightly focused laser beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a power from 10 to 160 mW on red blood cells during their optical trapping with optical tweezers. It is found that the shape of a red blood cell, which alters after optical trapping, ceases to change when the trapping duration is less than 5 min and the laser beam power is less than 60 mW. At a beam power above 80 mW, the red blood cell begins to fold at a trapping duration of about 1 min, and at powers above 100 – 150 mW, the red blood cell membrane ruptures in 1 – 3 min after optical trapping. It is also found that with repeated short-term capture of a red blood cell in an optical trap, the deformation properties of the membrane change: it becomes more rigid. The obtained results are important both for understanding the mechanisms of interaction of a laser beam with red blood cells and for optimising the technique of optical experiments, especially for measuring the deformation properties of a membrane using optical tweezers.
Melanin diagnostics with nonlinear optics: a mini-review
Authors: Shirshin E.A. , Yakimov B.P. , Budylin G.S. , Buyankin K.E. , Armaganov A.G. , Fadeev V.V. , Kamalov A.A.
Published: January 2022

Optical methods are widely used to perform fundamental studies of living systems and solve problems of biomedical diagnostics. Along with the classical spectroscopy, methods of nonlinear optics (e.g., multiphoton microscopy) are also applied in biophotonics. The potential of nonlinear optical methods for visualisation and analysis of the properties of endogenous chromophore molecules are considered in this minireview. Melanin – a pigment with specific spectral features of photophysical properties in the visible and near-IR ranges – is taken as an example. It is discussed what information about its localisation in tissues and structural organisation can be obtained by nonlinear optical methods: multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (including fluorescence lifetime imaging), third harmonic generation, pump – probe spectroscopy, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.
Effect of anisotropy of a single-mode fibre on lightning-induced rotation of polarisation of a light signal in an optical ground wire
Authors: Gorbatov D.V. , Konyshev V.A. , Lukinykh T.O. , Nanii O.E. , Novikov A.G. , Treshchikov V.N. , Ubaydullaev R.R.
Published: January 2022

A numerical model is constructed for calculating lightning-induced rapid changes in the polarisation state of a light signal at the output of a fibre-optic communication line with an optical ground wire. It is shown that taking into account anisotropy of real optical fibres has a noticeable effect on the shape of the polarisation rotation speed time profile. It is found that the maximum rate of change in the polarisation state and its temporal profile depend on the location of the lightning strike in the fibre span, the magnitude of fibre anisotropy and the direction of propagation of a light wave.
Influence of the measurement configuration on the results of Raman microspectroscopy of human hair
Authors: Brandt N.N. , Travkina E.I. , Mikhal’chik E.V. , Chikishev A.Yu.
Published: January 2022

Increasing interest in spectroscopic studies of human hair raises the question about the accuracy of measurement of their spectra and requires optimisation of experimental facilities. An original method of obtaining transverse hair sections without using a microtome and chemical influence is proposed. The results obtained by confocal Raman microspectroscopy of human hair differently oriented with respect to the optical axis of the measuring setup are compared. It is shown that, in addition to expected changes in the spectra measured at different distances from the hair periphery in the direction to its centre, the spectra measured in the case of hair excitation perpendicular and parallel to its axis are also considerably different.
Understanding the fruit sink.
Authors: DeJong T. M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter deals with understanding the fruit sink by studying the floral development and structures; pollination, fertilization, fruit set and types; limitations of fruit growth; thinning effects on fruit growth, size and yield; spring temperature effects on fruit size; nut development and growth; and the condition of alternate bearing.
Terpenoids of plants in arid environments
Authors: Tahri Djilali , Elhouiti Fatiha , Ouinten Mohamed , Yousfi Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Arid and desert environments are characterized by the sparse and discontinuous vegetation cover. Species that have been able to survive difficult bioclimatic conditions and adapt from generation to generation in these areas had to develop physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerance and/or resistance. The use of secondary metabolites, specifically terpenoids, is predominant in most of the biotic and abiotic interactions in which these plants are involved. Studies have shown their roles in the prevention of oxidative stress by intervening in thermo-tolerance, water stress, and salt stress generalized in a model of "the protective role of volatile compounds" explained by a single biochemical mechanism. Other studies have proven the functions of terpenoids in direct and indirect defenses against natural enemies, herbivores, and pathogenic microorganisms, in the attraction of pollinators, in competition and facilitation and other interactions between plants. This review mainly summarizes the recent research progress on the adaptation mechanisms of plants in arid environments and the biological and ecological roles of terpenoids in the various biotic and abiotic interactions.
Descriptors of intrinsic hydrodynamic thermal transport: screening a phonon database in a machine learning approach
Authors: Torres Pol , Wu Stephen , Ju Shenghong , Liu Chang , Tadano Terumasa , Yoshida Ryo , Shiomi Junichiro
Published: January 2022

Machine learning techniques are used to explore the intrinsic origins of the hydrodynamic thermal transport and to find new materials interesting for science and engineering. The hydrodynamic thermal transport is governed intrinsically by the hydrodynamic scale and the thermal conductivity. The correlations between these intrinsic properties and harmonic and anharmonic properties, and a large number of compositional (290) and structural (1224) descriptors of 131 crystal compound materials are obtained, revealing some of the key descriptors that determines the magnitude of the intrinsic hydrodynamic effects, most of them related with the phonon relaxation times. Then, a trained black-box model is applied to screen more than 5000 materials. The results identify materials with potential technological applications. Understanding the properties correlated to hydrodynamic thermal transport can help to find new thermoelectric materials and on the design of new materials to ease the heat dissipation in electronic devices.
A dimethyl methylphonate sensor based on HFIPPH modified SWCNTs
Authors: Wu Haiyang , Yuan Yubin , Wu Qiang , Bu Xiangrui , Hu Long , Li Xin , Wang Xiaoli , Liu Weihua
Published: January 2022

In order to meet the requirements of ultra-fast real-time monitoring of sarin simulator with high sensitivity and selectivity, it is of great significance to develop high performance dimethyl methylphonate (DMMP) sensor. Herein, we proposed a DMMP sensor based on p-hexafluoroisopropanol phenyl (HFIPPH) modified self-assembled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with field effect transistor (FET) structure. The self-assembly method provides a 4 nanometres thick and micron sized SWCNT channel, with high selectivity to DMMP. The proposed SWCNTs-HFIPPH based sensor exhibits remarkably higher response to DMMP than bare SWCNT based gas sensor within only few seconds. The gas sensing response of SWCNTs-HFIPPH based sensor for 1 ppm DMMP is 18.2%, and the response time is about 10 s. What’s more, the gas sensor we proposed here shows excellent selectivity and reproducibility, and the limitation of detection is as low as ppb level. The proposed method lays the foundation for miniaturization and integration of DMMP sensors, expecting to develop detection system for practical sarin sensing application.
Role of extended gravity theory in matter bounce dynamics
Authors: S Agrawal A , Tripathy S K , Pal Sarmistha , Mishra B
Published: January 2022

In this work, we have studied some bouncing cosmologies in the frame work of f(R, T) gravity. The bouncing scenario has been formulated to avoid the big bang singularity. The physical and geometrical parameters are investigated. The effect of the extended gravity theory on the dynamical parameters of the model has been investigated. It is found that, the f(R, T) gravity parameter affects the cosmic dynamics substantially. We have also, tested the model through the calculation of the cosmographic coefficients and the Om(z) parameter. A scalar field reconstruction of the bouncing scenario is also carried out. The stability of the model are tested under linear, homogeneous and isotropic perturbations.
Hawking radiation and the quantum marginal problem
Authors: Aurell Erik , Eckstein Michał , Horodecki Paweł
Published: January 2022

In 1974 Steven Hawking showed that black holes emit thermal radiation, which eventually causes them to evaporate.
The problem of the fate of information in this process is known as the “black hole information paradox”.
Two main types of resolution postulate either a fundamental loss of information in Nature — hence the breakdown of quantum mechanics — or some sort of new physics, e.g. quantum gravity, which guarantee the global preservation of unitarity.
Here we explore the second possibility with the help of recent developments in continuous-variable quantum information.
Concretely, we employ the solution to the Gaussian quantum marginal problem to show that the thermality of all individual Hawking modes is consistent with a global pure state of the radiation. Surprisingly, we find out that the mods of radiation of an astrophysical black hole are thermal until the very last burst. In contrast, the single-mode thermality of Hawking radiation originating from microscopic black holes, expected to evaporate through several quanta, is not excluded, though there are constraints on modes' frequencies. Our result paves the way towards a systematic study of multi-mode correlations in Hawking radiation.
Dynamical Casimir–Polder force in a semi-infinite rectangle waveguide
Authors: Jin Zhe , Tian Tian , Wang Wentao , Long Yumei , Zhang Xue , Zheng Taiyu
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study the dynamical Casimir–Polder force between an ensemble of identical two-level atoms and the wall of a rectangle waveguide with semi-infinite length. With the presence of both the rotating wave and counter rotating wave terms in the light–matter interaction Hamiltonian, we utilize the perturbation theory to solve the Heisenberg equation. Up to the seconder of coupling strength, we obtain the energy shift analytically and the Casimir–Polder force numerically. Our result shows that the dynamical behavior of the Casimir force is closely connected to the photon propagation in the waveguide. Therefore, we hope this work will stimulate the studies about the quantum effect in waveguide scenario.
A look at photodynamic inactivation as a tool for pests and vector-borne diseases control
Authors: Lima Alessandra R , Dias Lucas D , Garbuio Matheus , Inada Natalia M , Bagnato Vanderlei S
Published: January 2022

The control of pests and vector-borne diseases (VDBs) are considered public health issues Worldwide. Among the control techniques and pesticides used so far, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been shown as an eco-friendly, low cost, and efficient approach to eliminate pests and VDBs. PDI is characterized using a photosensitizing molecule, light and molecular oxygen (O2) resulting in production of reactive oxidative species which can promote the oxidation of biomolecules on pests and vectors. Herein, we review the past 51 years (1970–2021) regarding the use of photo pesticides, reporting the most important parameters for the protocol applied, the results obtained, and limitations. Moreover, we described the mechanism of action of the PDI, main classes of photopesticides used so far as well as the cell death mechanism resulting from the photodynamic action.
Coherence migration in high-dimensional bipartite systems
Authors: Ding Zhi-Yong , Zhou Pan-Feng , Fan Xiao-Gang , Liu Cheng-Cheng , He Juan , Ye Liu
Published: January 2022

The conservation law for first-order coherence and mutual correlation of a bipartite qubit state was firstly proposed by Svozilík et al., and their theories laid the foundation for the study of coherence migration under unitary transformations. In this paper, we generalize the framework of first-order coherence and mutual correlation to an arbitrary (m ⊗ n)-dimensional bipartite composite state by introducing an extended Bloch decomposition form of the state. We also generalize two kinds of unitary operators in high-dimensional systems, which can bring about coherence migration and help to obtain the maximum or minimum first-order coherence. Meanwhile, the coherence migration in open quantum systems is investigated. We take depolarizing channels as examples and establish that the reduced first-order coherence of the principal system over time is completely transformed into mutual correlation of the (2 ⊗ 4)-dimensional system-environment bipartite composite state. It is expected that our results may provide a valuable idea or method for controlling the quantum resource such as coherence and quantum correlations.
Ergodic stationary distribution of a stochastic rumor propagation model with general incidence function
Authors: Zhang Yuhuai , Zhu Jianjun
Published: January 2022

In daily lives, when emergencies occur, rumors will spread widely on the internet. However, it is quite difficult for the netizens to distinguish the truth of the information. The main reasons are the uncertainty of netizens’ behavior and attitude, which make the transmission rates of these information among social network groups be not fixed. In this paper, we propose a stochastic rumor propagation model with general incidence function. The model can be described by a stochastic differential equation. Applying the Khasminskii method via a suitable construction of Lyapunov function, we first prove the existence of a unique solution for the stochastic model with probability one. Then we show the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the rumor model, which exhibits the ergodicity. We also provide some numerical simulations to support our theoretical results. The numerical results give us some possible methods to control rumor propagation. Firstly, increasing noise intensity can effectively reduce rumor propagation when

ℛ
^

0

>
1

. That is, after rumors spread widely on social network platforms, government intervention and authoritative media coverage will interfere with netizens’ opinions, thus reducing the degree of rumor propagation. Secondly, speed up the rumor refutation, intensify efforts to refute rumors, and improve the scientific quality of netizen (i.e., increase the value of β and decrease the value of α and γ), which can effectively curb the rumor propagation.
Nonlinear dynamical wave structures of Zoomeron equation for population models
Authors: Bekir Ahmet , Zahran Emad H M
Published: January 2022

The nonlinear dynamical exact wave solutions to the non-fractional order and the time-fractional order of the biological population models are achieved for the first time in the framwork of the Paul–Painlevé approach method (PPAM). When the variables appearing in the exact solutions take specific values, the solitary wave solutions will be easily obtained. The realized results prove the efficiency of this technique.
In-situ ultrasonic calibrations of pressure and temperature in a hinge-type double-stage cubic large volume press
Authors: Li Qingze , Chen Xiping , Xie Lei , Han Tiexin , Sun Jiacheng , Fang Leiming
Published: January 2022

Here, simultaneous in-situ calibration of pressures and temperatures was performed in a hinge-type second-stage cubic large volume press (LVP) up to 15 GPa and 1400 K by an acoustic travel-time approach. Based on the recently reported P–t
S and P–T–t
P–t
S equations for Al2O3 buffer rod, the cell pressures and temperatures in the chamber of LVP were in-situ determined, in comparison with those by conventional off-line (or fixed-points) pressure calibration method and direct thermocouple measurement, respectively. It is found that the cell pressures of the LVP chamber are significantly reduced after annealing at simultaneous high pressures and high temperatures, owing to the stress relaxation as accumulate in the LVP chamber. This acoustic travel-time method is verified to be a good way for precise determination of thermal (cell) pressures at high temperature conditions, and is of great importance and necessity to conduct in-situ physical property measurements under extreme high P–T conditions, especially when the precious synchrotron x-ray/neutron diffraction beams are not available.
Spin transport in epitaxial Fe3O4/GaAs lateral structured devices
Authors: Huang Zhaocong , Liu Wenqing , Liang Jian , Guo Qingjie , Zhai Ya , Xu Yongbing
Published: January 2022

Research in the spintronics community has been intensively stimulated by the proposal of the spin field-effect transistor (SFET), which has the potential for combining the data storage and process in a single device. Here we report the spin dependent transport on a Fe3O4/GaAs based lateral structured device. Parallel and antiparallel states of two Fe3O4 electrodes are achieved. A clear MR loop shows the perfect butterfly shape at room temperature, of which the intensity decreases with the reducing current, showing the strong bias dependence. Understanding the spin-dependent transport properties in this architecture has strong implication in further development of the spintronic devices for room-temperature SFETs.
Broadband low-frequency acoustic absorber based on metaporous composite
Authors: Xu Jia-Hao , Zhu Xing-Feng , Chen Di-Chao , Wei Qi , Wu Da-Jian
Published: January 2022

Broadband absorption of low-frequency sound waves via a deep subwavelength structure is of great and ongoing interest in research and engineering. Here, we numerically and experimentally present a design of a broadband low-frequency absorber based on an acoustic metaporous composite (AMC). The AMC absorber is constructed by embedding a single metamaterial resonator into a porous layer. The finite element simulations show that a high absorption (absorptance A > 0.8) can be achieved within a broad frequency range (from 290 Hz to 1074 Hz), while the thickness of AMC is 1/13 of the corresponding wavelength at 290 Hz. The broadband and high-efficiency performances of the absorber are attributed to the coupling between the two resonant absorptions and the trapped mode. The numerical simulations and experimental results are obtained to be in good agreement with each other. Moreover, the high broadband absorption can be maintained under random incident acoustic waves. The proposed absorber provides potential applications in low-frequency noise reduction especially when limited space is demanded.
Gamma induced changes in Makrofol/CdSe nanocomposite films
Authors: Alhazime Ali A. , Barakat M. ME. , Bahareth Radiyah A. , Mahrous E. M. , Aldawood Saad , El Aal S. Abd , Nouh S. A.
Published: January 2022

We applied an ex-situ casting procedure to prepare a nanocomposite (NCP) from Makrofol polycarbonate (PC) and CdSe nanoparticles. The CdSe nanoparticles were prepared by a thermolysis procedure in the presence of N2 gas flow. Rietveld refinement of x-ray data illustrated that the CdSe adopts a cubic zinc blend structure of 6.057 Å lattice parameter and 2 nm typical grain size. Samples from the prepared NCP were exposed to γ dosages (20 kGy–250 kGy). The modifications induced in the NCP films owing to γ dosages have been studied. The γ irradiation (50 kGy–250 kGy) causes crosslinks that reduce the optical bandgap from 4.15 eV to 3.81 eV, associated with an increase in dielectric parameters and refractive index. This is attributed to an increase in the mass fraction of the disordered regions as specified by x-ray diffraction. The PC–CdSe NCP was found to have a reaction to color modification which makes it suitable for saleable reproduction on a printing press.
Preparation and Characterization of Gaphene-Doped Carbon-Aerogel Electrode
Authors: Wang Zhengshun , Wang Kaizheng , Mao Jianzhen , Jiang Zaiyong
Published: January 2022

Carbon-aerogel is a kind of nano-porous carbon material with special three-dimensional network structure. Electrode materials with high specific surface area, high porosity, superior conductivity and low density were obtained by adding graphene to prepare graphene-doped carbon-aerogels.
Effects of Calcium Sulfate Whiskers on the Mechanical Properties and Light Transmittance of PE Greenhouse Films
Authors: Qiao Runmeng , Zhong Zhengping , Liu Qiao , Liu Jialei , He Wenqing
Published: January 2022

Calcium sulfate whisker (CSW) is a kind of fiber crystal material with high orientation structure. The major goal of this research is to study the changes of mechanical properties and light transmittance of PE greenhouse film with different proportions of CSW. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties and light transmittance of PE/CSW films are enhanced compared with the pure PE. For PE/2%CSW, it shows a 18.6% increase in tear strength, a 3.1% increase in luminous transmittance and 17.7% increase in haze. The PE/5%CSW demonstrates a 12.8% higher in tensile strength, a 20.5% higher in tear strength, a 23.9% lower in luminous transmittance and a 53.0% higher in haze. This article gives a new formula to strengthen the mechanical properties of PE greenhouse films and finds the direction for the research and development of astigmatic covering film.
Two-time Calibration at Both Ends for Sulfur Measurement by Using High Frequency Induction Infrared Absorption Method
Authors: Wei Jianhuan
Published: January 2022

High frequency induction heating infrared absorption method is a relative measurement method, and it requires calibrating the analyzer during the measurement process. Usually, one-time calibration on an analyzer is made for high sulfur value by using standard substances. The method proposed by this paper calibrates carbon-sulfur analyzers with a method of two-time calibration at both ends, which eliminates the impact of sulfur blank and thus improves the accuracy and precision of ultra-low sulfur measurement. The method extents the lower limit of measurement of sulfur in high temperature alloy, to 0.00005%, namely, 0.5ppm.
Analysis on Influence of Hydrogen Content Exceeding Standard in GaAs Device
Authors: Song Yan , Wen Ping , Hua Xi , Yang Zhao , Xu Tang , Dong Zuodian
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problem of hydrogen content exceeding the standard in GaAs device, the influence mechanism of hydrogen content exceeding the standard on the device is analyzed, the failure model of hydrogen content exceeding the standard in GaAs device in engineering is given, the source of hydrogen is analyzed, and the protective measures of hydrogen content exceeding the standard are given. It is of certain guiding significance for future engineering application.