bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Ranking of Shells and People
Authors: Gregory Chris
Published: April 2022

Comments on: JOHN LIEP. A Papuan Plutocracy: Ranked Exchange on Rossel Island. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2009. Pp. 376. ISBN: 978-87-7934-446-4
This is a magnificent piece of scholarship. It has been a lifetime in the making and it shows on every page, in every paragraph and every sentence of this meticulously argued and beautifully produced ethnography. If the ethnographic studies of the Massim can be likened to ndap shells of different rank, then this book will find its way into the very high division where it will circulate alongside the classics such as Malinowksi’s Argonauts and Young’s Fighting with Food.
Liep not so much resolves the theoretical controversies about exchange theory that Armstrong’s 1922 book on Rossel Island shell money generated, but dissolves them and raises a whole new set of more interesting questions. Rossel Island has been defined as exceptional in Melanesian studies because of its extraordinarily complicated shell-money system and its exceptionally difficult language that bears no family resemblances with the Austronesian languages found on the neighbouring islands. Insofar as the exchange-system is concerned, Liep convincingly demonstrates that it is a variation on  a familiar Oceanic theme. He does this by presenting original data on the rules and practice of Rossel shell-exchange and situating it expertly in a broader comparative perspective.
What makes this book especially valuable is that Liep is well aware of its limitations and makes no attempt to hide this. Of course, every ethnographic report is limited to some extent but what sets Liep’s book apart is that he does his best to define precisely the boundaries of his knowledge and understanding. He is careful to distinguish what he knows well from what he is unsure about and what he does not know. What he gives us then are, respectively, persuasive arguments about  which there can be little debate, speculative propositions about which reasonable people may disagree, and questions that require more research. I am primarily concerned with the latter two issues here.
Pamela L. Geller and Miranda K. Stockett (eds). Feminist Anthropology: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Pietilä Tuulikki
Published: April 2022

PAMELA L. GELLER AND MIRANDA K. STOCKETT (eds). Feminist Anthropology: Past, Present, and Future. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. Pp. 248. ISBN: 978-0-8122-2005-6.
Walker, Anthony R. (ed.). Pika-Pika: The Flashing Firefly. Essays to Honour and Celebrate the Life of Pauline Hetland Walker (1938–2005)
Authors: Sather Clifford
Published: April 2022

WALKER, ANTHONY R. (ed.). Pika-Pika: The Flashing Firefly. Essays to Honour and Celebrate the Life of Pauline Hetland Walker (1938–2005). New Delhi:Hindustan Publishing Corporation, 2009. Pp. xv + 489. ISBN: 81-7075-087-3.
Edson, Gary. Shamanism: A Cross-Cultural Study of Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Svanberg Jan
Published: April 2022

E DSON, GARY. Shamanism: A Cross-Cultural Study of Beliefs and Practices. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, 2008. Pp 287.ISBN: 978-0-7864-3409-1.
Significations of oil in Africa or
Authors: Behrends Andrea , Schareika Nikolaus
Published: April 2022

Forum: Anthropology of oil and the resource curse

For half a century, oil production has been a key factor in the development of a small number of African states south of the Sahara. Only now, however, it is  ecoming a source of substantial social, economic and cultural transformation for an increasing number of new African oil states. This is partly due to the fact  that political instability in the Near and Middle East, the inexorable move towards or even passing of ‘peak oil’, the growing demand for oil due to ever  increasing consumption in the emerging countries, and the related rise of crude oil prices have given new importance to African oil. Even hitherto unprofitable deposits in Africa are now seen as an economically and geo-strategically important resource. It is estimated that the share of African oil to  worldwide production could rise from currently 13–18 percent to 25 per cent by 2015. This brief intervention will look at existing studies on (African) oil and ask how social and cultural anthropology could further contribute to the analysis of this socially, politically and economically important conjuncture in world history.
Re-Conceiving the Resource Curse and the Role of Anthropology
Authors: Weszkalnys Gisa
Published: April 2022

FORUM: ANTHROPOLOGY OF OIL AND THE RESOURCE CURSE
The Real Resource Curse and the Imperialism of Development
Authors: Di Muzio Tim
Published: April 2022

FORUM: ANTHROPOLOGY OF OIL AND THE RESOURCE CURSE
Determination of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor in canine vaginal tumors and vaginal fold prolapse: A preliminary study
Authors: GÜNAY UÇMAK Zeynep , ATEŞ Atila , ERDOĞAN BAMAÇ Özge , ÖZTÜRK GÜRGEN Hazal , KIRŞAN İsmail , TEK Çağatay , KÜÇÜKBEKİR Çağla Nur , KURBAN İbrahim
Published: April 2022

Eight dogs with a vaginal mass were incorporated into the study. According to the vaginal examination (vaginoscopy, exfoliative vaginal cytology) and histopathology, the groups were designed as vaginal fold prolapse (Group VFP; n=3) and vaginal tumor (Group VT; n=5). Vaginal tissue samples were homogenized. Tissue homogenates were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The mean ER level was significantly higher in group VT compared to the group VFP (P<0.05). However, PR and EGFR levels did not showed significance related to the groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, significant differences were obtained between the bitches with VT and VFP related to ER levels although both groups have pathological conditions. Further studies are needed to discuss these pathologies with healthy bitches in terms of steroid receptor and EGFR levels in both vaginal tissue and blood sera.
A interface do trabalho da psicopedagogia na educação especial e inclusiva
Authors: Palaro Simone Martins de Caires , Santos Cruz José Anderson
Published: April 2022

A educação especial com base na Lei da Câmara de Educação Básica/Conselho Nacional de Educação - CNE/CEB nº 13.146/2015 (BRASIL, 2015) foi inserida na política inclusiva educacional a fim de proporcionar aos educandos uma educação igualitária e qualitativa em nossa sociedade. Portanto, o psicopedagogo passa a desempenhar um papel importante neste processo de inclusão. O auxílio aos professores a fim de orientá-los a ter esse olhar diferenciado, faz com que efetivamente concretize o ensino e aprendizagem dentro do contexto educacional. Assim, partiu-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória com o objetivo de esclarecer aos psicopedagogos sobre o papel da psicopedagogia na educação especial e inclusiva. Os resultados evidenciaram que, quando compreendemos a necessidade educacional, bem como as comorbidades apresentadas pelo indivíduo e partimos deste ponto para prover a inclusão educacional, os processos de aprendizagem são positivos. Dentro deste contexto, temos a satisfação da instituição escolar de manter a autoestima elevada de ambos, professor e aluno, com procedimentos de ensino e aprendizagem voltados para as pessoas com deficiência ou transtornos/dificuldades de aprendizagem, tendo o psicopedagogo como um mediador entre as partes relacionadas dentro da instituição escolar.
On the Issue of Environmental Forensic Subtheory
Authors: Mikhaleva N. V.
Published: April 2022

At this point many of the concepts of environmental forensics have been theoretically elaborated, however its subtheory is yet to be developed. The article addresses the concept and subject of the environmental forensic subtheory. The author demonstrates that the subject, object and tasks of environmental forensics are not accordingly the subject, object and tasks of the environmental forensic subtheory: within the framework of the subtheory the regularities of the general theory of forensic examination regarding the environmental investigations are revealed. The author also proposes the definition of the subject of the environmental forensic subtheory, establishes its place as a part of the theory of expert diagnostics.
Features of the Analysis of Human Images as Objects of Forensic Portrait Examination
Authors: Zinin A. M. , Vorontsova V. V.
Published: April 2022

The authors present an analysis of the practice of forensic portrait examinations appointed on criminal and civil cases to the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the objects of which have been atypical. These have been human facial images performed in various techniques: engravings on stone, cartoons, caricatures, dolls made in workshops and author’s studios. The authors propose a new methodical approach, taking into account the technology of manufacturing such human images, they also consider their features.
Psychological Analysis of Information Materials on the Cases of Violation of Minors’ Sexual Integrity Committed through Information and Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Sekerazh T. N.
Published: April 2022

The article outlines the legal, theoretical, and methodological framework of forensic psychological research of information materials on cases of violation of minors’ sexual integrity committed using information and telecommunication networks. Based on the expert analysis of legal norms, psychological theoretical and expert study of the phenomena behind the acts of sexual abuse, the author presents the concepts of the object and subject of this type of expert research, the tasks to be solved, as well as the basic expert concepts. The author also justifies the advisability of appointing comprehensive expert psychological and linguistic examinations to investigate the objects of this kind.
Устойчивость к окислению при длительном хранении нейтральных липидов семян бурачника (Borago officinalis L.)
Authors: Якупова Люция Рифгатовна , Юнусова Светлана Григорьевна , Ляшенко Светлана Сергеевна , Сафиуллин Рустам Лутфуллович , Юнусов Марат Сабирович
Published: April 2022

Исследована устойчивость к окислению при длительном хранении нейтральных липидов семян бурачника (Borago officinalis L.). Показано, что в течение 2 лет органолептические показатели, содержание пигментов и жирных кислот практически не меняются. На модели радикально-цепного окисления метилолеата определена антиоксидантная активность нейтральных (НЛ) и полярных (ПЛ) липидов семян Borago officinalis. Установлено, что как в НЛ, так и ПЛ присутствуют антиоксиданты, тормозящие окисление метил-олеата. Антиоксидантная активность и количество антиоксидантов в НЛ были выше, чем в ПЛ семян Borago officinalis. Возможность длительного хранения масла семян B. officinalis обусловлена наличием антиоксиданта δ-токоферола.
Сравнительное изучение мнемотропной активности димерных дипептидных миметиков отдельных петель NGF и BDNF в тесте распознавания нового объекта у крыс
Authors: Волкова Анна Александровна , Поварнина Полина Юрьевна , Никифоров Дмитрий Михайлович , Гудашева Татьяна Александровна , Середенин Сергей Борисович
Published: April 2022

Хорошо известно, что нейротрофины фактор роста нервов (NGF) и мозговой нейротрофический фактор (BDNF) участвуют в процессах обучения и памяти. В НИИ фармакологии имени В. В. Закусова сконструированы и синтезированы димерные дипептидные миметики 1-й (ГК-6) и 4-й (ГК-2) петель NGF, 1-й (ГСБ-214), 2-й (ГТС-201) и 4-й (ГСБ-106) петель BDNF, активирующие in vitro соответственно TrkA- или TrkB-рецепторы. При инкубации в культуре клеток НТ-22 в течение 5 – 180 мин были зарегистрированы различия в активации сигнальных путей PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK и PLC-γ1. Целью данной работы было изучение мнемотропной активности оригинальных миметиков NGF и BDNF в тесте распознавания нового объекта у крыс. Дипептиды вводили однократно внутрибрюшинно. Установлено, что ГК-2 (0,5 и 1,0 мг/кг) и ГСБ-214 (0,1 и 1,0 мг/кг), активирующие сигнальные пути PI3K/AKT и PLC-γ1 без влияния на MAPK/ERK, статистически значимо улучшали долговременную память. Соединения ГК-2 и ГСБ-214 представляются перспективными для дальнейшей разработки в качестве средств коррекции нарушений памяти.
Вопросы вирусной безопасности при получении и производстве иммуноглобулиновых препаратов для человека из плазмы/сыворотки крови лошадей
Authors: Машин Вадим Владимирович , Сергеев Александр Николаевич , Мартынова Надежда Николаевна , Сергеев Артемий Александрович , Лыско Ксения Андреевна , Райков Александр Олегович , Катаева Валентина Васильевна , Загидуллин Наиль Виленович
Published: April 2022

В действующих российской и зарубежной фармакопеях информация о существующих видах вирусных заболеваний у лошадей или отсутствует, или представлена не в полном виде. С использованием данных современной отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы был подготовлен актуальный перечень вирусов, вызывающих у лошадей заболевания, который включает в себя 36 вирусов, 25 из которых — патогенные для человека, а из этих 25 вирусов 13 — распространены на те ритории России. Представлена информация о величинах инкубационного периода заболеваний, которые чаще всего находятся в пределах 1 мес, о внешних клинических признаках этих заболеваний, которые могут протекать и бессимптомно, а также о максимально возможных концентрациях вирусов в крови у лошадей при этих заболеваниях, которые могут по отдельным инфекционным агентам достигать 8 lg условных единиц/мл крови. Данные, полученные в результате проведенного исследования, предполагается использовать на критических этапах производства гетерологических иммуноглобулиновых препаратов для медицинского применения для проведения работ по обеспечению вирусной безопасности.
Антиаритмический препарат, инкапсулированный в полиэлектролитные микросферы на основе хитозана
Authors: Султанова Э. М. , Ощепкова Юлия Игоревна , Салихов Ш. И.
Published: April 2022

Хитозановые микросферы с лаппаконитина гидробромидом получены методом ионотропного гелеобразования со сшивающим агентом триполифосфатом натрия. Эффективность микрокапсулирования, то есть доля капсулируемого вещества, включенного внутрь капсул, от взятого исходного количества, определена «прямым» способом. Проведено изучение высвобождения антиаритмического вещества из микросфер в условиях, имитирующих желудочно-кишечный тракт. В ходе исследования проведено микрокапсулирование лаппаконитина гидробромида биополимерами из растворов. Обнаружено, что приготовленные микросферы являются свободно текучими, имеют высокий процент улавливания и высокую процентную выходную способность. Доказано, что полиэлектролитное микрокапсулирование позволяет получать новые лекарственные формы противоаритмического вещества — лаппаконитина гидробромида для перорального применения с замедленным высвобождением действующей субстанции. Разработанная форма антиаритмического препарата в виде микросфер может поддерживать терапевтическую концентрацию в организме более длительное время, что позволит уменьшить частоту приема препарата и снизить его токсическое воздействие.
The Use of Realıty in Narratıves from the Truman Show to the Westworld
Authors: TANRIVERMİŞ Şenay
Published: April 2022

The Truman Show, as a 1998 film, set a touchstone in the world of cinema by telling the desperate situation of an individual who was lost in the reality built by the media and his realization of this, which led him to try to push the boundaries of fiction. Nowadays, narratives are challenging ways and limits of producing alternative reality instead of seeking and questioning reality itself. Making the preferred world more real by producing the desired reality in new media such as virtual-hyper-simulation-simulacra has become the main goal. Interactive video games, digital theater performances, virtual reality generating tools and equipment have become integral elements of this new reality. In the Truman Show, the disappointment of the hero who realizes that he is a puppet of a fictionalized world has been replaced by heroes who demand a new and more perfect reality that is fictional. What is needed is not “reality” but more “virtual reality.” Instead of seeing this as a denial of reality, they perceive it as a preference for their own story since the world is already fictionalized. In today's TV series like Westworld, characters that have no hope of reality and prefer virtual reality are becoming widespread. In this study, the concepts of simulation and simulacra that construct virtual and augmented reality will be examined in company with theoretical and conceptual literature with the help of the film Truman Show and TV series Westworld.
Karacaoğlan ve Dadaloğlu’nun Şiirlerinde Duyarlılık ve Sevgi Değerleri
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Hatice
Published: April 2022

Değer; bireylerin ve toplumların ortak paydada yaşantı oluşturmalarında etkili olan sosyal, duyuşsal ve eğitsel referanslardır. Değerler, bireylerin ve dolayısıyla toplumların öz benliklerinin oluşmasında etkin rol oynamaktadır. Günümüzde teknolojinin hızla gelişmesi toplumsal ve bireysel bazı problemleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Değerler eğitimi bu noktada toplum üyelerine bütünsel gelişim aşamalarının sağlam temeller üzerine inşa edilmesi süreçlerinde alternatifler sunarak öz benliklerinin korunmasını sağlamaktadır. Millî ve kültürel varlığın oluşmasında ve gelecek nesillere aktarılma süreçlerine katkı sunan bireylerin yetişmesinde değerler eğitiminin önemi büyüktür. Bu çalışmada Karacaoğlan ve Dadaloğlu’na ait şiirler sevgi ve duyarlılık değerleri bağla-mında incelenmiştir. Şiir örnekleri; âşıklardaki sevgi ve duyarlılık bilincinin yansımaları lite-ratüre dayalı kaynak tarama yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır. Âşıkların eserlerindeki değerler bireysel ve toplumsal birlikteliğe zemin hazırlamaktadır. Âşık tarzı Türk şiiri geleneği, Türk toplumunun millî ve kültürel zenginliğinin hem oluşma aşamasında hem de aktarımında güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Çalışmanın hedefi; âşıklık geleneğinin değerlerin oluşmasında, yaşatılmasında ve aktarılmasındaki payının büyüklüğüne dikkat çekmektir. Böylelikle halk biliminin; toplumların millî kimliğinin oluşmasında, kültürel zenginliğin yaşatılmasında ve değerlerin nesilden nesile ulaştırılmasındaki katkısının önemi vurgulanmak istenmiştir.
Influencing factors of artificial intelligence readiness in libraries
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: April 2022

The research on libraries' artificial intelligence (AI) readiness and the influencing factors can help those libraries that are not ready to use AI technology to improve relevant conditions, so as to be ready to adopt AI technology for the first time. It can also help the libraries that have used AI technology to further improve the existing conditions, so as to be ready to upgrade or fully apply AI technology. This paper summarizes the influencing factors of libraries' AI readiness and constructs a theoretical model consisting of 1 core category, 4 main categories and 10 categories. [Method/Process] This paper uses an in-depth interview and grounded theory to construct the theoretical model of influencing factors. The basic process is as follows: To define the main concepts, design the outline of the in-depth interview, obtain the original data through the interview, open up the code of the original resources to form a series of initial concepts and cluster them into categories, encode the categories on the main axis to form several main categories, selectively encode the main categories to form a core category, and establish the relationship between categories. The model and hypotheses are verified by questionnaire and structural equation model. [Results/Conclusions] The results show that 9 of the 10 hypotheses proposed in the paper are valid. The nine factors including AI awareness, AI acceptance, AI value perception, AI application experience, data scale, leadership attention, innovation atmosphere, management mechanism and competitive pressure have a positive impact on a library's readiness to adopt AI. The positive impact of leadership attention is the largest, and the positive impact of competitive pressure is the smallest. The theoretical model needs to be further revised. Leaders' attention, AI application experience, AI acceptance, AI awareness and innovation atmosphere are the main influencing factors of the library's AI readiness. Accordingly, this paper gives the following suggestions. Firstly, library leaders are suggested to actively understand the latest technological progress in the field of library business, organize human resources to regularly evaluate the library's AI readiness and deploy the AI system in time. Secondly, libraries provide necessary AI training for their staff, and help them improve their awareness and acceptance of AI. Thirdly, libraries create a strong innovation atmosphere, stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of employees, and encourage employees to explore the possibility of integrating AI technology with their job tasks through various ways.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Putri Rezi Novita
Published: April 2022

Lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor yang memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap perkembangan hasil belajar peserta didik, khususnya pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Dalam proses pembelajaran, sering kali peserta didik dihadapkan dengan rasa jenuh sehingga akan berdampak pada hasil belajar. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia berbasis lingkungan diketahui mampu mengurangi kejenuhan yang dialami peserta didik dalam kegiatan belajar. Pendidik dapat memanfaatkan lingkungan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk menciptakan situasi belajar yang nyaman dan menyenangkan. Basis pembelajaran ini pula dapat meningkatkan kepekaan peserta didik terhadap permasalahan yang ada di lingkungan sekitar.
Elevated NIPAL2 expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of NIPA-like domain-containing 2, NIPAL2, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. NIPAL2 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that NIPAL2 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in luminal B subtype breast cancer. Elevated NIPAL2 expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
Machine learning in a time of COVID-19 – Can machine learning support Community Health Workers (CHWs) in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in the new normal?
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: April 2022

Now, in the time of COVID-19, such measures are even more important. If the promises held out for the universal acceptability and efficacy of ML and person-centric health care are to be realised, ML must be affordable at a grassroots level in LMICs. More collaboration and co-design involving mobile health developers, mobile telecoms companies, governments, trans-national organisations and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) could result in affordable generic open-source templates. Most importantly, such a collaboration needs to be done in parallel with paying CHWs a living wage. Achieving such a goal would remove the need for any CHW ever having to resort to prostitution to purchase medicines in order to treat their patients.
Indonesian Language Learning in Multiethnic Community Environmental Interaction
Authors: Nurrahmah Faiza
Published: April 2022

Language and environment are two things that influence each other. The diversity of interactions in the multi-ethnic environment of Indonesian society is not always an inhibiting factor in learning Indonesian, but can also enrich the vocabulary of students who are very supportive of literary material as a form of learning language skills. Public awareness regarding the importance of being positive about language diversity in the community is quite good and will continue to be pursued through reading texts in Indonesian language learning. With a good understanding of the interaction of the multiethnic community environment with Indonesian language learning, efforts to realize unity and unity will be easier to realize in the community
Elevated PRKX expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of protein kinase, X-linked, PRKX, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. PRKX mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that PRKX primary tumor expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in human breast cancer. Elevated PRKX expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
Mitä The Merge tarkoittaa?
Authors: Brand Thomas
Published: April 2022

Ethereumin sulautuminen (“The Merge”) viivästyy aiemmin odotetusta. Sulautuminen tapahtunee Q3–Q4 22, mutta mikään ei ole varmaa. Ethereumin siirtyminen varantotodisteeseen (1) vähentää liiketoimien varmistamisen ja vahvistamisen energiabudjettia muuttaen samalla kryptoverkon turvallisuusmallia, (2) uutta ETH:ta syntyy jatkossa entistä vähemmän, (3) tarjoaa ETH:n panttaajille houkuttelevia tuottomahdollisuuksia ja (4) Ethereumin sulautumisen jälkeen toteutetaan useampia päivityksiä, jotka vietäneen päätökseen joskus vuosina 2023–24.
Multiple functions of the angular gyrus at high temporal resolution
Authors: Seghier Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Here, the functions of the angular gyrus (AG) are evaluated in the light of current evidence from transcranial magnetic/electric stimulation (TMS/TES) and EEG/MEG studies. TMS/TES literature points to a causal role in semantic processing, word and number processing, attention and visual search, self-guided movement, memory, and self-processing. EEG/MEG studies reported AG effects at latencies varying between 32 ms and 800 ms in a wide range of domains, with a high probability to detect an effect at 300-350 ms post-stimulus onset. A three-phase unifying model revolving around the process of sensemaking is then suggested: (1) early AG involvement in defining the current context, within the first 200 ms, with a bias toward the right hemisphere; (2) attention re-orientation and retrieval of relevant information within 200-500 ms; and (3) cross-modal integration at late latencies with a bias toward the left hemisphere. This sensemaking process can favour accuracy (e.g. for word and number processing) or plausibility (e.g. for comprehension and social cognition). Such functions of the AG depend on the status of other connected regions. The much-debated semantic role is also discussed: (1) there is a strong TMS/TES evidence for a causal semantic role, (2) current EEG/MEG evidence is however weak, but (3) the existing arguments against a semantic role for the AG are not strong. Some outstanding questions for future research are proposed. This review recognizes that cracking the role(s) of the AG in cognition is possible only when its exact contributions within the default mode network are teased apart.
Elevated MEF2C expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2C, MEF2C, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. MEF2C mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that MEF2C primary tumor expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in luminal B subtype breast cancer. Elevated MEF2C expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
Health Care Using AI
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer treatment is being transformed by artificial intelligence (AI). Nevertheless, most scientists, engineers, and physicians aren't ready to contribute to the healthcare AI revolution. In this paper, we discuss our experiences teaching a new American student undergraduate course that seeks to train the next generation for cross-cultural design thinking, which we believe is critical for AI to realize its full potential in breast cancer treatment. The main tasks of this course are preparing, performing and translating interviews with healthcare professionals from both Portugal and the USA. Since the course is offered in Portugal as a short-term faculty-led study abroad program, students can explore the effect of culture on healthcare delivery and the design of healthcare technologies. The learning tests demonstrated student growth for breast cancer treatment in many areas important for the development of AI. In respect to understanding breast cancer care, most students had undervalued the effect of cancer and its treatment on the quality of life of women before taking this course and most were unaware of the importance of multidisciplinary care teams. Regarding AI in medical, students became more mindful of data privacy issues and the need to consider the effect of AI on healthcare professionals.
Daniele Clario dubrovačkom nadbiskupu o Epidauru, 1505.
Authors: Jovanovic Neven
Published: April 2022

In Vatican MS Ott. lat. 707 on ff. 234–239 (constituting a separate quire) there is a letter, most probably autograph, from the humanist of Parma Daniele Clario sent from Dubrovnik on October 15, 1505, to Giuliano Maffei, recently elected archbishop of Dubrovnik. The letter has been described previously bibliographically (Codici latini datati della Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, 1997), but has been overlooked in any study of Renaissance and humanist Dubrovnik. It can be seen to have had two objectives. It gives information about the Antique roots of Cavtat, or Epidaurus/Epidaurum, and, on behalf of the Dubrovnik community, urges the archbishop to visit his city. Maffei, archbishop from 1505 (he died in 1510) never went to Dubrovnik. In its style and content, the letter demonstrates Clario’s humanist education and sensibility, his competence as a Graecist and tells of the moment in which a humanist took over the duty of chancellor of the Republic.
Elevated KRT81 expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of keratin 81, KRT81, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. KRT81 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that KRT81 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in basal and HER2+ subtype breast cancer. Elevated KRT81 expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
Elevated GTF3C2 expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of general transcription factor IIIC subunit 2, GTF3C2, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. GTF3C2 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that GTF3C2 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in basal and luminal B subtype breast cancer. Elevated GTF3C2 expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
图书馆人工智能准备度影响因素研究
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: April 2022

对图书馆人工智能准备度及其影响因素进行研究，有助于图书馆有针对性地改善各种相关条件，以便做好初次或深入应用人工智能技术的准备。[方法/ 过程]通过扎根理论和深度访谈构建图书馆人工智能准备度影响因素理论模型，并提出假设。通过问卷调查方法和结构方程模型方法对上述理论模型和假设进行验证。[结果/ 结论]结果显示，论文所提出的10 项假设有9 项成立，AI 认知度、AI 接受度、AI 价值感知、AI 应用经验、数据规模、领导重视、创新氛围、管理机制、竞争压力、隐私保护等因素对图书馆人工智能准备度的影响是正向的；所构建的理论模型需要进一步修正。领导重视、AI 应用经验、AI 接受度、AI 认知度、创新氛围是图书馆人工智能准备度的主要影响因素，图书馆应据此重点改善相关条件。
Asynchronous dynamics of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet along the Pomeranian Phase ice-marginal belt: a new scenario inferred from surface exposure 10Be dating
Authors: Tylmann Karol , Woźniak Piotr P. , Rinterknecht Vincent , Guillou Valery , Team ASTER
Published: April 2022

We present a new set of 25 10Be surface exposure ages of boulders located on the Pomeranian moraines and of erratic boulders located directly upstream of the Pomeranian moraines in northern Poland. Together with recalculated 10Be surface exposure ages along the Pomeranian Phase ice-marginal belt from Denmark to the west to Lithuania and Belarus to the east, the full data set (n = 86) enabled us to constrain the timing of the ice front standstill and its subsequent retreat. The investigated area consists of geomorphological record along ~2000 km of the ice margin associated with the ice sheet limit correlated so far with the Late Weichselian Pomeranian Phase (Bælthav in Denmark, Baltija in Lithuania and Braslav in Belarus).We constrained the age of the ice margin position in the area occupied by the Baltic Ice Stream to ~20–19 ka, in the area occupied by the Odra Ice Stream to ~19–18 ka, in the interstream area between the Odra and the Vistula Ice Streams to ~20–19 ka, in the area occupied by the Vistula Ice Stream to ~19–18 ka, in the area occupied by the Mazury Ice Stream to ~18–17 ka, in the area occupied by the Riga Ice Stream to ~17–16 ka, and in the area occupied by the Novgorod Ice Stream to ~16–15 ka. Our best age estimates are based on: (1) a minimum age of the ice margin retreat inferred from new and recalculated 10Be ages of boulders as well as interpretation of available radiocarbon ages from organic deposits and OSL ages from sediments overlying tills, and (2) a maximum age of the ice margin stillstand and retreat inferred from interpretation of available OSL ages from sandur sediments deposited in front of the ice sheet. The asynchrony of the ice margin positions along the Pomeranian Phase ice-marginal belt shows about 3–5 ka difference between the Bælthav ice margin in Denmark and the Braslav ice margin in Belarus. We propose a new scenario of the Pomeranian Phase ice sheet evolution and a time-slice reconstruction of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet’s southern fringe for the period ~20–15 ka.
Conceptual issues with the moral foundation of Purity: The case of religion
Authors: Crone Damien
Published: April 2022

The moral foundation of Purity sits at the center of much moral psychology research, yet the role of religion in Purity’s definition is ambiguous. Here, I raise three substantial, interrelated concerns about the implied role of religiosity in the Purity foundation, highlighting empirical findings demonstrating these concerns, and then argue in favor of a more restrictive definition. Specifically, including religion as an inherent feature of Purity (1) risks making the foundation overly inclusive, operationally intractable, and redundant with the Authority foundation, (2) renders the Purity foundation largely irrelevant to the disgust-based Behavioral Immune System to which the Purity foundation’s evolutionary origins are attributed, and (3) based on common operationalizations of Moral Foundations Theory, produces biased measurements and misleading findings. Taken together these definitional concerns suggest the need to reconsider the definition and operationalization of the Purity foundation, opting for a more circumscribed role for religion. Such efforts will have widespread implications for moral foundations research, but will ultimately allow for greater clarity about the nature of Purity.
Alone Together and Angry: Misogynistic Extremism as Coalitional Bargaining for Sexual Access
Authors: Lindner Miriam
Published: April 2022

Mass shooters, violent extremists, and terrorists, who are overwhelmingly male, exhibit misogynistic attitudes and a history of violence against women. Over the past few years, incels (“involuntary celibates”) have gathered in online communities to discuss their frustration with sexual/romantic rejection, espouse male supremacist attitudes, and justify violence against women and men who are more popular with women. Despite the link between misogyny and mass violence, and the recent emergence of online misogynistic extremism, theories and empirical research on misogynistic extremism remain scarce. I apply theorizing on the function of coalitional aggression as one of bargaining over collective conflicts of interest to the domain of sexual aggression and explore how sexual rejection can be framed as a grievance and make violence attractive. I show how individual factors, particularly low status, and social forces, such as a high degree of status inequality, female empowerment, and the ease of coordination through social media, give rise to misogynistic extremism.
Un Monumento Teotihuacano al Dios de Las Tormentas con Tocado de Signo del Año en el Santuario de Tlaloc
Authors: Mejía Ramón Andrés Gabriel , Froese Tom
Published: April 2022

El Santuario de Tlaloc en la cima del Cerro del Patlachique fue la probable sede de ritos de petición de lluvias ante los dioses durante tiempos teotihuacanos. Aunque el sitio ha sido visitado por cuatro proyectos arqueológicos distintos, cada uno se refiere a ello de manera diferente—Santuario de Tlaloc, Cerro Patlachique, TC-100, y Cerro Xoconoch—complicando una perspectiva sintética del adoratorio. En esta nota de investigaciones, relatamos la historia completa de investigaciones en el sitio, reseñando su interpretación como un adoratorio dedicado a la petición de lluvias. Luego detallamos un nuevo monumento de piedra grabada previamente desconocida, presentándolo en torno a su contexto artístico, arqueológico, e histórico. El monumento es del clásico temprano, y representa al dios de las tormentas portando un tocado del signo del año. Debido al tocado, más su ubicación central sobre la plataforma y junto al estanque principales, proponemos que el monumento quizás fue un primus inter pares de dioses de tormentas o tlaltoques en peregrinación espiritual al Santuario—paralelando la peregrinación encarnada de los líderes políticos teotihuacanos al mismo.
Global upsurge in violence against women during COVID-19: A rapid review of evidence
Authors: Zainuddin Mohammad , Khan Shamim Ahmed , Mahi Masnun , Islam Emadul
Published: April 2022

In any disaster or climactic events, reports on violence against women (VAW) often substantially increase. Although the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic shares some key similarities with previous catastrophes, it also presents a unique paradox for women. A number of measures taken to contain the spread of coronavirus, such as quarantine and isolation, increase the risk of VAW. This article reviews literature on disaster-related VAW surges and accumulates the recent anecdotal reports from a number of countries in different continents to demonstrate an alarming increase in all forms of VAW due to containment measures. The article identifies causal factors behind the upsurge in VAW during this pandemic and discusses specific measures to be taken urgently to support the victims as well as prevent and reduce the occurrence of violence.
El discurso presidencial frente al movimiento feminista en México. Planteamiento de un problema
Authors: Hernández Pérez Christian Saúl
Published: April 2022

Se expone el campo problemático que enmarca una propuesta de análisis del discurso político presidencial de Andrés Manuel López Obrador, con respecto al movimiento feminista en México, para identificar y caracterizar su planteamiento ideológico en el contexto del «cambio de régimen político» de la 4T. Se sostiene que el discurso es una forma de ejercicio del poder que se da en una dimensión comunicativa que es intrínseca al campo de la comunicación política. Éste forma parte del sistema político e incide en las relaciones de poder-dominación.
Comments on Intersectionality
Authors: Savvias Gervaise Alexis
Published: April 2022

[The] struggle for liberation has significance only if it takes place within a feminist movement that has as its fundamental goal the liberation of all people.
(hooks, 1981: 13)
In the words of Audrey Lorde, ‘there is no such thing as a single-issue life’ (Black Past, 2012). Radical Black feminist literature has discussed the legal or otherwise non-legal disadvantages of living multiple-issue lives. Discrimination can no longer be considered from a single-axis view. Intersectionality, as a key concept, appreciates and discusses the very intersecting axes of discrimination. This contribution would argue that the contemporary rule of law, and otherwise non-legal structures, still fail to adequately recognise an intersectional approach. In so failing to apply the theorem in a systemic approach, there has been an obstruction of the encasement and appreciation of a diverse world population. This article addresses the growing lacuna of society in moving towards true freedom and equality.
Amid Rebellion, Invasion and Revolution: Ottoman Centralisation in Lebanon, 1861–1915
Authors: Ough Charles
Published: April 2022

Times of strife dominate discussion on Lebanon, with the 2019 ‘revolution’ the latest to headline after the civil wars of 1860 and 1975–90. The reorganisation period after 1860, known as the mutasarrifiyya, was, however, remarkably peaceful under the Ottomans – although now mainly a forgotten time with scholars neglecting the sources and perspective of the Sultan’s reformers. Instead, nationalist historians used local chronicles and European records to present the mutasarrifiyya as nurturing a Lebanese nation. Likewise, later Western accounts, utilising similar material, argued that European contact prepared the Lebanese for independence. Therefore, the existing historiography follows a teleological bent in unearthing supposed signs for the eventual end of Ottoman hegemony.
To counter this approach, I conducted research in the National Archives, supplemented with Ottoman sources referenced in secondary works and guided by theories on colonial centralisation to combat Orientalist narratives. I also looked for evidence of the antagonistic factors of foreign interference, nationalism and internal divides. As a result, I opine that Istanbul’s centralisation was effective to a great extent in precluding European influence and rendering Lebanon’s secession by no means certain. This paper should help reshape our understanding of Lebanese history by accentuating longer peaceful periods over sectarianism and foreign collusion.
‘The Fog that it has Drawn upon Itself’
Authors: Chiarion Casoni Nicole
Published: April 2022

This paper will explore widespread criticism of the International Criminal Court (ICC), through the lens of its long-running investigation in Darfur, Sudan. Analysis of the Prosecutor’s reports on the Darfur investigation since 2005 reveals that the Court has often avoided engaging directly with its critics, and remains particularly reluctant to address accusations of internal structural bias. The ICC, in tandem with global media outlets, often characterises the Darfur conflict in simplistic terms, many of which originate in part from divisions that were introduced and sustained by colonial administrations. Although the ICC faces practical difficulties in enforcing its jurisdiction in Darfur, this paper argues that its problems of perception stem largely from the fact that it is the product of an international legal system whose normative home is the Global North. It is this systemic weakness that damages the ICC’s global legitimacy and prevents the courts from functioning as an effective and progressive arbiter of international law. This paper seeks to suggest a way forwards for the ICC in the form of a reciprocal system of jurisdiction with an African International Criminal Court, such as the fledgling ACJHR. A partnership on equal footing, with a mutual basis for resource-sharing and legal expertise, may be the most promising avenue towards ending global impunity.
Libraries, Piracy and the Grey Area In-Between: Free Digital Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yesberg Helen
Published: April 2022

This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on the consumption of free digital books, paying particular consideration to the financial advantages and disadvantages for the authors of those books and the libraries supplying them. It investigates trends in the consumption of digital books through both library and piracy sites, sourcing information from librarian reports and the anti-piracy company MUSO, which tracks visits to piracy sites. This research demonstrates that the tense library–publisher relationship is not stable and does not hold up under stress, emphasising the need for an appropriate solution to be developed. It also spotlights the impacts of COVID-19 on authors, some of the most vulnerable members of the publishing community.
From Baroque Spain to 1600s Amsterdam: Emergent Judaism in the Literary Works of Ex-New Christian Miguel de Barrios
Authors: Morffiz González Arielys , Zeller-M´arquez Fabi , Warshawsky Matthew
Published: April 2022

Writing from the Hispano-Portuguese Jewish community of Amsterdam, Miguel de Barrios (1635–1701) used literary forms of Catholic Spain to resist the erasure of Jewish identity in Iberian lands by Inquisition tribunals that prosecuted non-Catholic practices as heretical. Our analysis of sonnets and allegorical plays by Barrios shows how, through them, this converso, or New Christian, of Jewish lineage openly exalts Judaism as a divinely chosen faith. We also argue that, by writing diasporic texts firmly adherent to Baroque Spanish literary trends, Barrios broadens the reach of this literature to include the hybrid identity of former conversos living as Jews. We demonstrate how the poet expresses this identity by examining elements that influenced its expression, including his biography and the importance of Amsterdam as a centre of Sephardic, or Iberian Jewish, settlement, and how he reworks canonical genres of Spanish literature to privilege Judaism and Hispano-Portuguese conversos returned to Judaism.