bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional diversity of apoptotic vesicle subpopulations from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xuanhao , Yang Jian , Ma Shixing , Gao Xin , Wang Guanyu , Sun Yanping , Yu Yejia , Wang Zhuo , Tian Weidong , Liao Li
Published: April 2024

Apoptosis releases numerous apoptotic vesicles that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, immunity, and tissue regeneration and repair. Now, it has also emerged as an attractive candidate for biotherapeutics. However, apoptotic vesicles encompass a diverse range of subtypes, and it remains unclear which specific subtypes play a pivotal role. In this study, we successfully isolated different apoptotic vesicle subtypes based on their sizes and characterized them using NTA and TEM techniques, respectively. We compared the functional variances among the distinct subtypes of apoptotic vesicles in terms of stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as for endothelial cell and macrophage function, effectively identifying subtypes that exhibit discernible functional differences. ApoSEV (with diameter <1000 nm) promoted stem cell proliferation, migration, and multi‐potent differentiation, and accelerated skin wound healing of diabetes mouse model, while apoBD (with diameter >1000 nm) played the opposite effect on cell function and tissue regeneration. Lastly, employing protein analysis and gene sequencing techniques, we elucidated the intrinsic mechanisms underlying these differences between different subtypes of apoEVs. Collectively, this study identified that apoptotic vesicle subtypes possessed distinct bio‐functions in regulating stem cell function and behaviour and modulating tissue regeneration, which primarily attribute to the distinct profiling of protein and mRNA in different subtypes. This comprehensive analysis of specific subtypes of apoEVs would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic applications in cell biology and tissue regeneration.
Triple coupling random forest approach for bias correction of ensemble precipitation data derived from Earth system models for Divandareh‐Bijar Basin (Western Iran)
Authors: Zebarjadian Faezeh , Dolatabadi Neda , Zahraie Banafsheh , Yousefi Sohi Hossein , Zandi Omid
Published: April 2024

Climate change is expected to change the frequency, duration, intensity, and pattern of precipitation, underscoring the need for accurate predictive tools. Earth system models (ESMs) serve as invaluable instruments in this endeavour, simulating climate variable variations across temporal and spatial dimensions. This study aims to develop a methodology for generating precise daily precipitation maps by rectifying biases inherent in ESM outputs. The proposed methodology includes downscaling ESM outputs to simulate historical daily grid‐based precipitation, thereby enhancing the fidelity of daily precipitation representation. For this purpose, 14 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were employed. Random forest (RF) machine learning method was used to correct biases in these ESM outputs. This study's novelty lies in integrating results of a grid‐based RF classification model, employed to distinguish between rainy and non‐rainy days, with those obtained by two RF regression models, to estimate precipitation amounts for grid cells receiving extreme and non‐extreme precipitation, to generate an ensemble of ESM outputs. The resulting method, termed the triple coupling method (EN‐RF), was validated using precipitation data from the Divandareh‐Bijar Basin in western Iran to simulate historical climate conditions. Furthermore, the accuracy of the developed triple coupling approach was compared with that of a commonly used single machine learning‐based downscaling model (EN‐Single‐RF). Comparative analysis against a commonly used single machine learning‐based downscaling model (EN‐Single‐RF) revealed the superior performance of the EN‐RF approach in replicating the intensity and distribution of daily precipitation. Furthermore, within the triple coupling framework, support vector machine (SVM) was utilized to simulate daily historical precipitation (EN‐SVM), while the quantile mapping (QM) method served as a benchmark. Comparison of the results showed superiority of the EN‐RF to other methods (EN‐Single‐RF, EN‐SVM, and QM) in terms of various accuracy metrics (Kling‐Gupta Efficiency = 0.95, mean square error = 0.22). The findings indicated the capability of the proposed triple coupling framework using the RF algorithm to simulate the spatio‐temporal distribution of precipitation using the ESM precipitation outputs. The developed framework can be used to produce reliable projections to gain deeper insights into the potential impacts of climate change on regional precipitation patterns.
Don't forget to turn around: A case of hematochezia and tenesmus driven by anorectal inflammatory cloacogenic polyp
Authors: Aguillera Maria , Miller Lacey , Sharma Shagun , Lemus Vivian V. , Pittman Meredith , Wallach Thomas
Published: April 2024

We report a case of a 13‐year‐old male who presented to the Pediatric Gastroenterology clinic with complaints of abdominal pain and frequent stooling, worsened by hematochezia. Despite undergoing endoscopic evaluation twice within a 1‐year period, the diagnosis of an Inflammatory Cloacogenic Polyp (ICP) was only revealed during the second evaluation, in which rectal retroflexion was performed. This case highlights the importance of maintaining the ICP at the anorectal transitional zone as part of the differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with symptoms of distal colitis.
Physical chemical properties of surfactants in solution and their applications: A comprehensive account
Authors: Moulik Satya Priya , Rakshit Animesh Kumar , Naskar Bappaditya
Published: April 2024

In this brief review, we have discussed various physical chemical principles that guide the functions of surfactants in solution. The surfactants have special functions at the air/liquid and air/solid interfaces forming Gibbs and Langmuir monomolecular films by way of spreading at the interfaces. Their self‐aggregation or micelle formation, a remarkable and useful phenomenon has been presented and elaborated. The application of fundamental physical chemistry principles for the understanding of the energetics of the micelle formation has been discussed. The involvement of surfactants in the formation of soft assembled (condensed) matters namely, vesicles, emulsions, foams, reverse micelles (or, microemulsions), gels, and so forth has been presented. The uniqueness of the “critical micelle concentration” (CMC), and its determination have been briefly presented. Applications of surfactants are numerous. We have briefly cited several applications namely, nano‐material synthesis, detergency, agrochemical formulations, drug delivery, retardation of water evaporation, and so forth. A short account of bio‐related surfactants namely, lung surfactants, bile salts, plant‐and microbe‐generated bio‐surfactants, and their utilities have been also presented.
Accuracy of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia in colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Gonçalves Arthur Foinquinos Krause , de Barros Ana Beatriz Diniz , Castro Lucas Miranda , Dutra Joanna Brayner , Batista Thales Paulo , Martins Antônio Cavalcanti de Almeida , Mello Maria Julia Gonçalves , Leão Cristiano de Souza
Published: April 2024

Background

This study explored the performance of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia as accessed by psoas cross‐sectional area in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out and a diagnostic accuracy strategy was applied using the radiologist team assessment as gold standard.

Results

Cohort analysis of 45 consecutive patients found that 31.1% had sarcopenia. Correlation of Total Psoas Index between radiologists and surgeons was very strong for the Junior and strong for the Senior surgeon, with a strong correlation between the surgeons. By the simplistic criterion, agreement between radiologists and surgeons was substantial for both the Junior and Senior surgeons, with a moderate level between the surgeons. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of Junior surgeon were 92.9%, 83.9%, 72.2%, 96.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. The corresponding results for the Senior surgeon were 78.6%, 90.3%, 78.6%, 90.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. We found no major differences on agreement levels and performance of surgeons using the composite criterion.

Conclusions

Surgeons seem to be accurate for identifying radiological sarcopenia in patients with CRC. The simplistic criterion should be preferred since a composite criterion adds complexity without increasing accuracy or agreement levels.
Impact of veteran‐led peer mentorship on posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Franco Zeno , Ruffalo Leslie , Curry Bob , Gollin‐Graves Martina , Ahamed Sheikh Iqbal , Winstead Otis , Hooyer Katinka , Pazdera Myah , Rein Lisa , Lizarraga Mazaba Jose , Hossain Md Fitrat , Stoffel Virginia , Flower Mark , Madiraju Praveen , Melka Stephen , Berte Karen , Whittle Jeffrey
Published: April 2024

Peer mentorship shows promise as a strategy to support veteran mental health. A community–academic partnership involving a veteran‐led nonprofit organization and institutions of higher education evaluated a collaboratively developed peer mentor intervention. We assessed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), postdeployment experiences, social functioning, and psychological strengths at baseline, midpoint, and 12‐week discharge using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory–2, Social Adaptation Self‐evaluation Scale, and Values in Action Survey. Brief weekly check‐in surveys reinforced mentor contact and assessed retention. The sample included 307 veterans who were served by 17 veteran peer mentors. Mixed‐effects linear models found a modest effect for PTSD symptom change, with a mean PCL‐5 score reduction of 4.04 points, 95% CI [−6.44, −1.64], d = 0.44. More symptomatic veterans showed a larger effect, with average reductions of 9.03 points, 95% CI [‐12.11, ‐5.95], d = 0.77. There were no significant findings for other outcome variables. Compared to younger veterans, those aged 32–57 years were less likely to drop out by 6 weeks, aORs = 0.32–0.26. Week‐by‐week hazard of drop‐out was lower with mentors ≥ 35 years old, aHR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.37, 1.05]. Unadjusted survival differed by mentor military branch, p = .028, but the small mentor sample reduced interpretability. Like many community research efforts, this study lacked a control group, limiting the inferences that can be drawn. Continued study of veteran peer mentorship is important as this modality is often viewed as more tolerable than therapy.
Deep‐learning‐powered data analysis in plankton ecology
Authors: Bachimanchi Harshith , Pinder Matthew I. M. , Robert Chloé , De Wit Pierre , Havenhand Jonathan , Kinnby Alexandra , Midtvedt Daniel , Selander Erik , Volpe Giovanni
Published: April 2024

The implementation of deep learning algorithms has brought new perspectives to plankton ecology. Emerging as an alternative approach to established methods, deep learning offers objective schemes to investigate plankton organisms in diverse environments. We provide an overview of deep‐learning‐based methods including detection and classification of phytoplankton and zooplankton images, foraging and swimming behavior analysis, and finally ecological modeling. Deep learning has the potential to speed up the analysis and reduce the human experimental bias, thus enabling data acquisition at relevant temporal and spatial scales with improved reproducibility. We also discuss shortcomings and show how deep learning architectures have evolved to mitigate imprecise readouts. Finally, we suggest opportunities where deep learning is particularly likely to catalyze plankton research. The examples are accompanied by detailed tutorials and code samples that allow readers to apply the methods described in this review to their own data.
Synthesis and Controlled Cargo Release of Novel Photoresponsive Polysiloxane‐Based Single‐Chain Nanoparticles
Authors: Alrayyes Abdalrahman , Boga Karteek , Vidallon Mark , Wang Huanting , Saito Kei
Published: April 2024

Herein, a novel, highly branched and photoresponsive polysiloxane is synthesized and studied. The polymer is photoconstructed into a single‐chain nanoparticle loaded with Nile Red and Metformin. Through the photoreversible [2+2] mechanism of the polymer's pendant coumarin moieties, the nanoparticles are de‐crosslinked, and their cargo molecules released. A study of the kinetics of release is undertaken in different solvents, providing insight into the relationship between the cargo's molecular structure and that of the polymer chain. On the whole, this report's study introduces new controlled release and cationic ring‐opening polymerization concepts while providing the first example of a single‐chain polymer nanoparticle based on a photoresponsive polysiloxane.
Local Confinement Effects of Block Copolymers Driving Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles into Discrete Pancake‐Shaped Superlattices
Authors: Hong Yutong , Lyu Mengqi , Jiang Ming , Chen Yanyan , Zhao Jiajun , Zhu Haipeng , Xia Yan
Published: April 2024

The utilization of polymer conformations to construct a variety of superlattices is a common method within the field. However, this technique often results in only long‐range ordering rather than the formation of distinct superlattices. In this study, a well‐organized array of discrete pancake‐shaped superlattices (DPSs) is successfully obtained through the utilization of air–liquid interface self‐assembly, facilitated by the confined environment created by a block copolymer. It is crucial to note that both the self‐assembly behavior and resulting morphologies of the DPSs can be precisely tuned by adjusting several experimental parameters, most notably the concentration and molecular architecture of the block copolymers. Furthermore, this work provides valuable insights into the formation processes and mechanisms underpinning the DPSs. The approach described here is both straightforward and efficacious, establishing a strong foundation for subsequent research and the development of non‐close‐packed superlattice structures.
Carbon nanomaterials‐based electrically conductive scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Abd Genevieve , Díaz Raquel S. , Gupta Anju , Niepa Tagbo H. R. , Mondal Kunal , Ramakrishna Seeram , Sharma Ashutosh , Lantada Andrés D. , Islam Monsur
Published: April 2024

In tissue engineering, the pivotal role of scaffolds is underscored, serving as key elements to emulate the native extracellular matrix. These scaffolds must provide structural integrity and support and supply electrical, mechanical, and chemical cues for cell and tissue growth. Notably, electrical conductivity plays a crucial role when dealing with tissues like bone, spinal, neural, and cardiac tissues. However, the typical materials used as tissue engineering scaffolds are predominantly polymers, which generally characteristically feature poor electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is often necessary to incorporate conductive materials into the polymeric matrix to yield electrically conductive scaffolds and further enable electrical stimulation. Among different conductive materials, carbon nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in developing conductive tissue engineering scaffolds, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity in both in vitro and in vivo settings. This article aims to comprehensively review the current landscape of carbon‐based conductive scaffolds, with a specific focus on their role in advancing tissue engineering for the regeneration and maturation of functional tissues, emphasizing the application of electrical stimulation. This review highlights the versatility of carbon‐based conductive scaffolds and addresses existing challenges and prospects, shedding light on the trajectory of innovative conductive scaffold development in tissue engineering.
Uncovering the impact of technology convergence on innovation quality: From the perspective of ego‐network dynamics pathway
Authors: Yu Liangru , Yu Bo
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the mediating effect of R&D alliance network dynamics on the relationship between technology convergence and firm innovation quality, it further investigates the moderating effect of degree assortativity in the inventor network. An empirical analysis is conducted based on a panel negative binomial regression model with data of Chinese high‐tech firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock from 2000 to 2018. The results show that novel technology convergence not only contributes to innovation quality directly but also indirectly through ego‐network expansion. The relationship between reinforced technology convergence and innovation quality is inverted U‐shaped, partially mediated by ego‐network stability. In addition, degree assortativity suppresses the effects of novel technology convergence on ego‐network expansion and innovation quality and steepens the inverted U‐shaped relationships of reinforced technology convergence with ego‐network stability and innovation quality. This paper contributes to the relevant literature by revealing the links between technology convergence, ego‐network dynamics, and innovation quality, and emphasizing the importance of inventor collaboration ties formation mechanism in knowledge searching and convergent innovation. Furthermore, the conclusion provides managerial suggestions for high‐tech firms to coordinate internal and external resources to improve technical impacts.
Co‐designed radome with parasitic patches for the profile reduction and gain enhancement of antennas
Authors: Yan Mengzhu , Chen Haidong , Che Wenquan , Xue Quan
Published: April 2024

Traditional radome adversely influences the antenna performance besides protecting the antenna from the outside environment. In this work, one co‐design of a millimeter‐wave antenna and radome using parasitic patches is presented, featuring a low profile and high gain. First, the basic influence of radome on patch antenna is investigated on a transparent and low‐loss material cyclic olefin copolymer. Then, the electromagnetic interaction between the patches and the antenna is investigated in detail to reduce the adverse effect of field reflection and phase delay. One prototype of the co‐designed radome and antenna was fabricated for demonstration. The measured results show that the entire profile of the co‐designed radome and antenna is significantly reduced from traditional 0.5–0.2 λg and the gain is enhanced by 2.4 dB.
Pure TE and TM modes in the metallic waveguide filled homogeneously with fully anisotropic and lossless medium
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhang Xurui , Liu Jie
Published: April 2024

This letter gives a sufficient condition for the existence of the pure transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes in the metallic waveguide filled with a homogeneous, fully anisotropic and lossless medium. The condition is a relation between the permittivity and permeability tensors of the fully anisotropic medium. The theory given in the letter is an extension of the classic electromagnetic waveguide theory. Furthermore, a mixed spectral element method is applied to simulate this type of anisotropic waveguide problem. At last, a numerical experiment shows that the sufficient condition supported in the letter does confirm the existence of the pure TE and TM modes in the anisotropic waveguide.
A broadband reconfigurable rasorber radome based on AFSR for RCS reduction
Authors: Xue Jingkai , Chen Jiahao , Lu Hong , Li Zhiyi , Hao Shuji , Chen Xing
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a broadband reconfigurable active frequency selective rasorber is proposed, which can be used as a radome for antenna radar cross section (RCS) reduction. By tuning the active components, the radome can achieve in‐band RCS reduction and reconfigurable absorptive/transmissive states. In the absorptive state, the max bandwidth with an absorption rate greater than 90% spanning from 1.62 to 5.37 GHz; in the absorptive/transmissive state, 2.2 GHz is the transmissive frequency with the insertion loss of 93% while absorbing in 0.94–2.06 GHz and 2.63–6.5 GHz, which demonstrate impressive characteristics of broadband and a high absorption rate. Additionally, the radome can maintain performance at ±35° angular incidence and is insensitive to incident wave polarization. Furthermore, it features a lightweight and low‐profile design, with a cell electrical size of just 0.078λ × 0.078λ × 0.066λ. The prototype test shows a noteworthy correlation with simulation. This study has wider applications in the electromagnetic stealth of communication antennas and aircraft, as well as in the control of electromagnetic pollution signals in space.
Optimization modeling for pandemic vaccine supply chain management: A review and future research opportunities
Authors: Dey Shibshankar , Kurbanzade Ali Kaan , Gel Esma S. , Mihaljevic Joseph , Mehrotra Sanjay
Published: April 2024

During various stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, countries implemented diverse vaccine management approaches, influenced by variations in infrastructure and socio‐economic conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of optimization models developed by the research community throughout the COVID‐19 era, aimed at enhancing vaccine distribution and establishing a standardized framework for future pandemic preparedness. These models address critical issues such as site selection, inventory management, allocation strategies, distribution logistics, and route optimization encountered during the COVID‐19 crisis. A unified framework is employed to describe the models, emphasizing their integration with epidemiological models to facilitate a holistic understanding. This article also summarizes evolving nature of literature, relevant research gaps, and authors' perspectives for model selection. Finally, future research scopes are detailed both in the context of modeling and solutions approaches.
A double‐layer Jacobi method for partial differential equation‐constrained nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Deng Haoyang , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a real‐time optimization method for nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) of systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The NMPC problem to be solved is formulated by discretizing the PDE system in space and time by using the finite difference method. The proposed method is called the double‐layer Jacobi method, which exploits both the spatial and temporal sparsities of the PDE‐constrained NMPC problem. In the upper layer, the NMPC problem is solved by ignoring the temporal couplings of either the state or costate (Lagrange multiplier corresponding to the state equation) equations so that the spatial sparsity is preserved. The lower‐layer Jacobi method is a linear solver dedicated to PDE‐constrained NMPC problems by exploiting the spatial sparsity. Convergence analysis indicates that the convergence of the proposed method is related to the prediction horizon. Results of a numerical experiment of controlling a heat transfer process show that the proposed method can be two orders of magnitude faster than the conventional Newton's method exploiting the banded structure of NMPC problems.
Study on the thermal assistance friction stir lap welding of aluminum alloy and CFRTP
Authors: Sun Yibo , Zhang Yuan , Wei Xiao , Long Haiwei , Sun Yang , Yang Xinhua
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of transportation and electronic equipment industries, lightweight requires reliable joining technology for metal/polymer. Preheating before welding is a potential way to improve the tensile properties of the joint and reduce the risk of defect formation. In this study, thermal assistance friction stir lap welding (TA‐FSLW) in joining 6061‐T6 aluminum alloy and carbon‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) is investigated. The welds are evaluated by OM image segmentation and statistical calculation, temperature detection in thermal imaging, SEM and EDS of the fracture, tensile, and hardness analysis. From the quantitative analysis results of the width of the CFRTP side‐melting zone and the area of Al alloy fragments in the welding zone, the movement of the polymer chain in the CFRTP of joint is intensified by thermal assistance, which reduces the thickness of the melting zone on the side of the composite material. The area of metal fragments ranges from 100 to 2 × 106 μm2. The microscopic analysis results indicate that preheating enhances the initial thermal motion of molecules. Gaseous polymers are dissociated from the molten state, reducing the number of bubbles in the composite material. Small size fragments are inserted into the molten CFRTP and mechanical interlocking is enhanced due to the uniform interweaving of metals and polymers. A maximum tensile strength of 39.97 MPa is achieved, which increases by 37.6% compared with the conventional FSLW.

Highlights

Thermal assistance friction stir welding technology is applied to the welding of aluminum alloy with carbon‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic.

The number and area of aluminum alloy fragments are counted and analyzed by the metal segmentation counting algorithms.

Thermal assisted technology reduces the thickness of the melting zone of CFRTP and enhances the material flow and refinement of aluminum alloy fragments.
A semi‐empirical model of the influence of the size of micrometer fillers on the elastic properties of polymer‐matrix composites
Authors: Fedotov Aleksandr
Published: April 2024

A semi‐empirical model of the influence of the size of micrometer fillers on the elastic moduli of polymer‐matrix composites is proposed. The modulus of elasticity of the composite is the sum of the modulus of elasticity at infinite filler size and an exponential function depending on filler size. The calculated dependencies contain two empirical parameters, and the model is identified based on the results of an experiment with two filler sizes. Composites with the minimum and maximum filler size are selected among the studied options. The scope of application of the model was studied by varying the filler size and boundary values of Young's modulus and eight grades of polymer‐matrix composites. The filler size varied over a wide range from 3.5 to 140 μm. The range of changes in the boundary values was also significant, and depending on the brand of the composite, it was 7%–43% of Young's modulus . For all variants of particle size and the range of changes in the boundary values of the Young's modulus, the calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Highlights

Semi‐empirical model of the effect of filler size on the elastic moduli polymer composites.

The calculated dependences contain two empirical parameters.

Model identification is based on the results of an experiment with two filler sizes.

Explore composites with minimum and maximum filler size.

Good agreement of calculation results with experimental data is obtained.
Insights on the bearing response of glass fiber‐reinforced stainless steel laminates: Investigating the influence of natural fiber and specimen geometry
Authors: Vasumathi M. , Begum S. Rashia , Gokul Nath P. , Kavimani V. , Romanovski Valentin , Salah Bashir
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the bearing response of two types of Fiber Metal Epoxy Laminates (FMLs): Glass Fiber/Stainless Steel laminates and Glass Fiber/Jute/Stainless Steel laminates, where a portion of glass fiber is replaced with jute. The primary focus is to assess the impact of introducing natural fiber (jute) into FML on its pin‐type bearing performance, considering various edge‐to‐hole ratios (e/D), width‐to‐hole ratios (W/D), and stacking orders. The study aims to understand how these parameters influence the bearing load and failure modes of the laminates. Observations reveal that variations in e/D and W/D ratios, along with the stacking arrangement of materials in the FMLs, exert a significant influence on the ultimate load‐bearing capacity of the pinned joint. It is observed from the study that, for the two stacking sequences considered, the load bearing capacity of the FMLs with W/D ratio 6 is greater than those with W/D ratio of 4 by a maximum of 23.06%. Moreover, if the weight fraction of the glass fiber content in the FML is reduced, the ultimate load bearing capacity of the FML also gets curtailed to a maximum extent of 44%. The experimental findings suggest that the prepared fiber metal laminate, characterized by lower weight, cost‐effectiveness, and enhanced environmental friendliness, exhibits a substantial capacity to withstand bearing loads. Consequently, it emerges as a promising candidate for the construction of structures such as storage silos, offering a balanced combination of structural performance and sustainability.

Highlights

FML bearing performance: Glass/Stainless versus Glass/Jute/Stainless.

Influence of e/D and W/D ratios on pin‐type bearing.

Stacking order impact on load‐bearing capacity.

Lightweight, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly FMLs.

Promising for silo construction: structural and sustainable.
Experimental investigation on the influence of self‐heating effect on the fatigue behavior of aluminum‐CFRP riveted‐bonded hybrid joints
Authors: Wu Huaping , Song Jianhui , Yue Lingyu , Yu Xiaochen , Zhu Yingdan
Published: April 2024

The self‐heating‐induced temperature rise in the adhesive layer under fatigue loading plays a significant role in influencing the fatigue behavior of riveted‐bonded hybrid joints in aluminum‐carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite structures. This study aims to investigate the impact of the self‐heating effect on the fatigue life of such hybrid joints. Experimental analysis was conducted to explore the interrelationships between temperature evolution and fatigue behavior at varying frequencies, adhesive thicknesses, and loading levels. Additionally, a theoretical model for predicting self‐heating temperature rise in hybrid joints with different parameters was developed. Results show that the self‐heating effect is notably affected by loading frequency, loading level, and adhesive thickness. The theoretical model accurately captures temperature variations and predicts critical frequencies for hybrid joints under different loading levels, which are identified as 10, 8, 3, and 1 Hz for loading levels of 35%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, respectively. Critical adhesive thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 1 mm were also determined. Furthermore, the study predicts the fatigue life at specific self‐heating temperatures with an average error within 4%, offering valuable theoretical insights for evaluating the fatigue safety performance of hybrid joints and facilitating optimization strategies.

Highlights

The interrelationship between the self‐heating effect and fatigue behavior was revealed.

Quantitative influences of main process parameters on the self‐heating effect were discussed.

A self‐heating temperature rise model considering process parameters was developed.

The critical frequency and adhesive thickness of the hybrid joint were determined.
Evaluation of granular formulated strigolactone analogs for Striga suicidal germination
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Margueritte Ouedraogo , Yonli Djibril , Wang Jian You , Navangi Lynet , Mudavadi Patrick , Patil Rohit H. , Bhoge Satish Ekanath , Traore Hamidou , Runo Steven , Al‐Babili Salim
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Striga hermonthica, an obligate root parasitic weed, poses a significant threat to cereal production in sub‐Saharan Africa. Lowering Striga seed bank in infested soils is a promising strategy to mitigate infestation levels. The dependency of Striga seed germination on strigolactones opens up the possibility of a ‘suicidal germination’ approach, where synthetic germination stimulants induce lethal germination in the absence of a host. Implementing this approach requires active germination stimulants with a suitable formulation for field application. Here, we describe the development of slow‐releasing granular formulation of two potent germination stimulants ‘Methyl Phenlactonoate 3’ and ‘Nijmegen‐1’ and the assessment of their activity under Laboratory, greenhouse, mini‐field, and field conditions.

RESULTS

Under laboratory conditions, the granular formulation of either of the two germination stimulants (1.25 mg per plate, corresponding to 0.09 mg a.i.) induced Striga seed germination at a rate of up to 43%. With 10 mg granular product (0.75 mg a.i.) per pot, we observed 77–83% reduction in Striga emergence under greenhouse pot conditions. Application of the formulated stimulants under artificially or naturally infested fields resulted in approximately 56%, 60%, and 72% reduction in Striga emergence in maize, sorghum, and millet fields in Kenya and Burkina Faso, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our findings on the newly designed granular formulation of Methyl Phenlactonoate 3 and Nijmegen‐1 reveal encouraging prospects for addressing the Striga problem in Africa. These findings underscore several significant advantages of the formulated stimulants, including suitability for the African agricultural context, and, most importantly, their effectiveness in reducing Striga infection. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Pseudomonas mosselii: a potential alternative for managing pyrethroid‐resistant Aedes aegypti
Authors: Leelagud Piyatida , Wang Hui‐Liang , Lu Kuang‐Hui , Dai Shu‐Mei
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Aedes aegypti is a widespread mosquito in tropical and subtropical regions that causes significant mortality and morbidity in humans by transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever and Zika virus disease. Synthetic insecticides, such as pyrethroids, have been used to control Ae. aegypti, but these insecticides can also affect nontarget organisms and contaminate soil and water. This study aimed to investigate the mosquitocidal activity of Pseudomonas mosselii isolated from pond sludge against larvae of Ae. aegypti.

RESULTS

Based on the initial results, similar time‐course profiles were obtained for the mosquitocidal activity of the bacterial culture and its supernatant, and the pellet resuspended in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium also showed delayed toxicity. These results imply that the toxic component can be released into the medium from live bacteria. Further research indicated that the toxic component appeared in the supernatant approximately 4 h after a 3‐mL stock was cultured in 200 mL of LB medium. The stabilities of the P. mosselii culture and supernatant stored at different temperatures were also evaluated, and the best culture stability was obtained at 28 °C and supernatant stability at 4 °C. The bacterial culture and supernatant were toxic to larvae and pupae of not only susceptible Ae. aegypti but also pyrethroid‐resistant strains.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the value of the mosquitocidal activity of P. mosselii, which has potential as an alternative insecticide to control pyrethroid‐resistant Ae. aegypti in the field. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Low‐Resistivity Ti/Al/TiN/Au Ohmic Contacts to Ga‐ and N‐Face n‐GaN for Vertical Power Devices
Authors: Sadowski Oskar , Kamiński Maciej , Taube Andrzej , Tarenko Jarosław , Guziewicz Marek , Wzorek Marek , Maleszyk Justyna , Jóźwik Iwona , Szerling Anna , Prystawko Paweł , Boćkowski Michał , Grzegory Izabella
Published: April 2024

Low‐resistivity Ohmic contacts to Gallium‐face (G‐aface) and/or Nitrogen‐face (‐Nface) n‐GaN are undoubtedly needed for high‐quality vertical power devices. Contrary to Ga‐face n‐GaN, for which the Ohmic contact formation is a well‐established process, the formation of low‐resistivity Ohmic contacts to N‐face n‐GaN is much more difficult due to the different surface properties. Despite many efforts, obtaining low‐resistivity ohmic contacts, with ρc < 1 × 10−5 Ω cm2 to N face n‐GaN, still remains difficult to achieve. Herein, results of fabrication and characterization of Ti/Al/TiN/Au ohmic contacts to Ga‐ and N‐face n‐GaN for vertical power devices are presented. The optimum annealing temperature is examined and it is noticed that Ohmic contacts to Ga‐face n‐GaN (n ≈ 5 × 1018 cm−3 , 200 nm on bulk GaN substrate) are formed after 550 °C annealing and continuously lower their ρc up to temperature of 750 °C for which ρc is ≈1.86 × 10−6 Ω cm2. Ohmic contact to N‐face n‐GaN (bulk ammonothermally grown substrate, ρ ≈ 10−3–10−2 Ω cm2) becomes quasilinear after annealing at 650 °C and becomes linear after annealing at 700 °C, reaching a minimum value of ρc 6 × 10−6 Ω cm2. Further annealing at higher temperatures

increases the contact resistivity to the value of ≈5.8 × 10−5 cm2 for annealing at 800 °C. The electrical measurements results were accompanied with the results of structural characterization for determination of Ohmic contact formation mechanism.
Integration of PEDOT:PSS into Cotton Yarn as Ion‐Selective Sensors for Smart Clothing Applications
Authors: Li Chunling , Zhang Ni , Ingebrandt Sven , Vu Xuan Thang
Published: April 2024

In recent years, textile sensors have played a crucial role in the development of smart clothing, which integrates electronic components and technology into garments. Furthermore, a variety of textile sensors in smart clothing have gained attention for their healthcare applications, including analyzing sweat, monitoring biomarkers, and sensing electrophysiology. The conductive polymer poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been explored for various applications, such as flexible and wearable electronics, neural interfaces, and bioelectronics devices. Herein, a sensitive and selective ion detection utilizing cotton yarn‐based textile sensors integrated with ion‐selective membranes (ISMs) is presented. First, a straightforward and reproducible approach for manufacturing textile sensors based on PEDOT:PSS is described. The relationship between the resistance change of these sensors and their performance, encompassing stability and flexibility is investigated. Following this, ISMs are integrated into the sensors to detect sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions, separately. The sensors display a consistent linear response toward the detected ion in a concentration range from 1 to 50 mM. Moreover, the sensors exhibit notable selectivity against the undesired ion.
Momentary stress‐induced food craving: An ecological momentary assessment study comparing perceived interpersonal and non‐interpersonal stressors
Authors: Dicker‐Oren Sheila Daniela , Gelkopf Marc , Greene Talya
Published: April 2024

Daily‐life stressors and food cravings are dynamic and vary within and across persons. Some evidence suggests interpersonal stressors increase appetite. However, little is known about the association of food craving with different types of stressors at the momentary level in the general population. We aimed to explore the momentary relationships between daily‐life stressful events and food craving in a non‐clinical community sample, and to compare the associations with food craving when the most stressful event was perceived as interpersonal versus non‐interpersonal. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect reports on the most stressful event, perceived stressor type, stressor appraisal, and food craving from 123 adults three times a day scheduled at fixed intervals over 10 days. Mixed effects random intercepts and slopes models examined the within‐ and between‐person associations. Experiencing a stressor was significantly positively associated with within‐person food craving at the same measurement. No differences in momentary food craving were found when the most stressful event was perceived as interpersonal or non‐interpersonal (within‐person level). However, frequently reporting the most stressful event as interpersonal (vs. non‐interpersonal) was positively associated with food craving across the study (between‐person level), particularly when the stressor was appraised as more unpleasant. Daily‐life stressors were associated with momentary food craving. Individuals who generally perceived interpersonal stressors as their most stressful event tended to experience food cravings. Future research could further investigate the role of interpersonal stressors as a factor for overeating in daily life and the potential benefits of stress management in interventions.
Pathway of Room‐Temperature Formation of CdSeS Magic‐Size Clusters from Mixtures of CdSe and CdS Samples
Authors: Xue Jiawei , Wang Shasha , Wang Zhe , Luan Chaoran , Li Yang , Chen Xiaoqin , Yu Kui
Published: April 2024

The synthetic application of prenucleation‐stage samples of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is in its infancy. It is shown that when two prenucleation‐stage samples of binary CdSe and CdS are mixed, ternary CdSeS magic‐size clusters (MSCs) grow at room temperature in dispersion. As the amount of the CdS sample increases, the optical absorption of the CdSeS MSCs blueshifts from ≈380 to ≈360 nm. It is proposed that the cluster in the CdSe sample reacts with the CdS monomer from the CdS sample. The monomer substitution reaction of CdSe by CdS can proceed continuously; thus, CdSeS MSCs with tunable compositions are obtained. The present study provides compelling evidence that clusters formed in the prenucleation stage of QDs. The clusters are precursor compounds (PCs) of MSCs, transforming at room temperature with the thermoneutrality principle of isodesmic reactions. The nucleation and growth of QDs follows a multi‐step non‐classical instead of one‐step classical nucleation model.
Electron Accumulation Induced by Electron Injection‐Incomplete Discharge on NiFe LDH for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Han Yun , Wu Qilong , Lu Min , Liu Guangsheng , Guo Zhangtao , Zhang Yaowen , Zeng Jianrong , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Dongdong , Wu Liyun , Song Nan , Yuan Pei , Du Aijun , Huang Keke , Chen Jun , Yao Xiangdong
Published: April 2024

Optimizing the local electronic structure of electrocatalysts can effectively lower the energy barrier of electrochemical reactions, thus enhancing the electrocatalytic activity. However, the intrinsic contribution of the electronic effect is still experimentally unclear. In this work, the electron injection‐incomplete discharge approach to achieve the electron accumulation (EA) degree on the nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) is proposed, to reveal the intrinsic contribution of EA toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Such NiFe LDH with EA effect results in only 262 mV overpotential to reach 50 mA cm−2, which is 51 mV‐lower compared with pristine NiFe LDH (313 mV), and reduced Tafel slope of 54.8 mV dec−1 than NiFe LDH (107.5 mV dec−1). Spectroscopy characterizations combined with theoretical calculations confirm that the EA near concomitant Vo can induce a narrower energy gap and lower thermodynamic barrier to enhance OER performance. This study clarifies the mechanism of the EA effect on OER activity, providing a direct electronic structure modulation guideline for effective electrocatalyst design.
Interface Engineering of Substrate‐Integrated Single‐Crystal Perovskite Wafers for Sensitive X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Jiang Xiaomei , Xie Shengdan , Xiao Xing , Zhao Yue , Chen Zhaolai
Published: April 2024

Metal halide perovskite single crystals are emerging candidates for X‐ray detection, however, it is challenging for growth of thickness‐controlled single‐crystal wafer on commercial backplanes, limiting their practical imaging application. Herein, integration of micrometer‐thick methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) single‐crystal wafer on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by methylamine (MA)‐induced interface recrystallization is reported. Through selection of hole transport material with rich functional group, intimate interface contact with low trap density can be achieved, leading to superior carrier transport properties and homogeneous photoresponse. The as‐fabricated X‐ray detectors exhibit high sensitivity of 1.4 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and low detection limit of 177 nGyair s−1, which are comparable to previous reports based on free‐standing MAPbI3 bulk crystals. This work provides a feasible strategy for constructing substrate‐integrated single‐crystal perovskite wafers with controlled thickness, which may promote practical imaging application of perovskite X‐ray detectors.
Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Tin‐Lead Perovskite Solar Cells via Sodium Hydroxide Dedoping of PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Wu Dong‐Tai , Zhu Wen‐Xian , Dong Yueyao , Daboczi Matyas , Ham Gayoung , Hsieh Hsing‐Jung , Huang Chi‐Jing , Xu Weidong , Henderson Charlie , Kim Ji‐Seon , Eslava Salvador , Cha Hyojung , Macdonald Thomas J. , Lin Chieh‐Ting
Published: April 2024

Tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency. Herein, NaOH is used to dedope PEDOT:PSS, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Sn‐Pb PSCs. Secondary ion mass spectrometer profiles indicate that sodium ions diffuse into the perovskite layer, improving its crystallinity and enlarging its grains. Comprehensive evaluations, including photoluminescence and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, confirm that dedoping significantly reduces interfacial recombination, resulting in an open‐circuit voltage as high as 0.90 V. Additionally, dedoping PEDOT:PSS leads to increased shunt resistance and high fill factor up to 0.81. As a result of these improvements, the power conversion efficiency is enhanced from 19.7% to 22.6%. Utilizing NaOH to dedope PEDOT:PSS also transitions its nature from acidic to basic, enhancing stability and exhibiting less than a 7% power conversion efficiency loss after 1176 h of storage in N2 atmosphere.
Sputtered NiO Interlayer for Improved Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coverage and Pin‐Hole Free Perovskite Coating for Scalable Near‐Infrared‐Transparent Perovskite and 4‐Terminal All‐Thin‐Film Tandem Modules
Authors: Kothandaraman Radha K. , Siegrist Severin , Dussouillez Marion , Krause Maximillian , Lai Huagui , Pious Johnpaul K. , Nishiwaki Shiro , Gilshtein Evgeniia , Müller André , Cabas Vidani Antonio , Jenatsch Sandra , Ruhstaller Beat , Jeangros Quentin , Carron Romain , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Fu Fan
Published: April 2024

The use of carbazole‐based self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) as a hole transport layer (HTL) has led to the efficiency advancement in p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, PSCs with SAM HTL display a large spread in device performance even on small‐area substrates owing to poor SAM surface coverage and dewetting of the perovskite ink. Efforts to improve the uniformity in device performance of SAM‐based PSCs have been confined to spin‐coating method, which lacks high‐throughput capabilities and leads to excessive material wastage. Herein, a scalable bilayer HTL stack with sputtered NiO and blade‐coated SAM is utilized to achieve improved SAM coverage and accomplish uniform coating of perovskite absorber on 5 cm × 5 cm substrates. Fully scalable p–i–n PSCs with efficiency close to 19% with a minimal spread in device performance are achieved. To showcase the upscaling potential, near‐infrared‐transparent perovskite mini‐modules with efficiency close to 15% and 13% are achieved on an aperture area of 2.56 and 12.96 cm2. Together with low‐bandgap (1.0–1.1 eV) Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) mini‐modules, the first fully scalable 4‐terminal perovskite‐CIGS tandem mini‐module with an efficiency of 20.5% and 16.9% on an aperture area of 2.03 and 10.23 cm2 is demonstrated.