bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROJECT-RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN SEXUAL EDUCATION OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Antonova Yulia T. , Arkhipova Natalya A.
Published: October 2024

Background. Sexual education in schools plays a huge role in preventing deviant behavior among adolescents. Firstly, sexual education helps adolescents understand their bodies, emotions and feelings; this contributes to the formation of a healthy self-image and relationships with others. Second, knowledge about sex and sexual relationships helps prevent undesirable consequences such as early pregnancy, infections and violence. Thus, sexual education in schools is an important tool in preventing deviant behavior among adolescents, helping them develop healthy relationships, make informed decisions and avoid dangerous situations.
Purpose. Is to study the role of project-research work with adolescents within the framework of sexual education as prevention of deviant behavior among adolescents.
Materials and methods. To solve the identified issue, the following research methods were used: analysis of foreign and domestic sources on organizing sexual education; questionnaires, observations, analysis of the organization of project-research work and consideration of possible inclusion of deviant behavior in adolescents in the scope of preventive measures.
Result. Research shows that adolescents who have completed a sex education program based on project-research activities postpone the onset of their sexual activity more often and are more responsible in their use of contraception.
Project-research activities are an effective tool for achieving the goals of sex education since they allow students to actively participate, develop critical thinking and discuss sensitive topics, help adolescents understand their needs and desires, and learn to build healthy relationships.
INTEGRATION OF ONLINE LEARNING RESOURCES INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING TO DEVELOP AND IMPROVE GRAMMATICAL SKILLS OF SPEECH ACTIVITY
Authors: Golubkov Grigory V. , Osipova Nadezhda V.
Published: October 2024

Background. The integration of online learning resources into English language teaching has great potential for the development and improvement of grammatical skills of speech activity. With the help of modern technology, learners can learn the language more effectively and conveniently by accessing a variety of learning materials, educational games, online courses, etc. This allows them to deepen their knowledge, practice skills and develop vocabulary in an interactive way. With online learning resources, instructors can create interesting assignments and lessons that are personalized to the individual needs of students. This approach enhances learning and helps students reach the desired level of English more quickly. In general, the integration of online learning resources into the educational process is a necessary and modern approach that helps to improve the quality of learning and achieve better results.
Purpose. To analyze modern online resources in order to integrate them into English language teaching for the development and improvement of grammatical skills of speech activity.
Materials and methods. For research we use such methods as analysis of existing online resources, surveys of students and teachers, as well as observations of the learning process were used for the study. In addition, it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of learners and adapt the approach to them.
Results. The results of the study showed that the integration of online learning resources into English language teaching does contribute to the development and improvement of students' grammatical skills of speech activity. Online resources provide an opportunity to access a variety of teaching materials, interactive tasks and tests that help students to better learn grammatical rules and consolidate them in practice.
The survey of subject teachers showed the relevance of the research topic and the importance of integrating these methods into the teaching process.
In addition, the integration of online learning resources into English language teaching is an effective tool for developing grammar skills and improving learners' speech activities.
FORMATION OF RESEARCH AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS
Authors: Ismailova Roza K. , Aliomarov Limat M.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the issues of developing research and cognitive activity among students at the Dagestan State Pedagogical University (DSPU). In the context of rapid changes in information technologies and education, the focus is placed on the problems and methods of activating these aspects. The authors analyze the external and internal factors influencing students' cognitive activity and the motivations underlying the pursuit of knowledge and professional growth. An empirical study is presented, identifying the main obstacles to the formation of students' activity and suggesting solutions, including through the use of interactive teaching methods, case methods, project work, laboratory and practical classes, as well as brainstorming and technological tools.
Purpose. The study aims to stimulate and enhance the research and cognitive activity of students at the Dagestan State Pedagogical University to improve the quality of higher education and form professionals capable of independent professional activity.
Method and methodology. Application of a comprehensive approach, including the analysis of theoretical foundations of educational psychology, investigation of current interactive learning methods, and assessment of the practical application of the acquired knowledge in the educational process
Results. Development and integration of interactive teaching methods, such as role-playing games, simulations, case methods, and project work, that demonstrate improved student motivation, activity, and quality of education.
Scope of the results: higher education, particularly pedagogical universities and colleges, where the innovation can be integrated into teaching programs to develop critical thinking and independent research skills among future professionals.
Exploration of the interaction between remote ischemic preconditioning and anesthetic-induced preconditioning using sevoflurane in isolated perfused rabbit heart
Authors: Yoo Seung-Hee , Cho Sooyoung , Won Yoonsun , Lee Jong Wha
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) is a novel technique in which brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion in one organ confer protection against prolonged ischemia in a distant organ. In contrast, anesthetic-induced preconditioning (APC) utilizes volatile anesthetics to protect multiple organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Both methods are easily integrated into various clinical scenarios for cardioprotection. However, it remains unclear whether simultaneous application of these techniques could result in complementary, additive, synergistic, or adverse effects.
Methods: An adult rabbit heart Langendorff model of global ischemia/reperfusion injury was used to compare the cardioprotective effect of rIPC and APC alone and in combination relative to untreated (control) hearts. The rIPC group underwent four cycles of 5-minute ischemia on the hind limb, each followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion. The APC group received 2.5 vol% sevoflurane for 20 minutes via a face mask, followed by a 20-minute washout period.
Results: Both in vivo rIPC, induced by four 5-minute cycles of ischemia/reperfusion on the hind limb, and APC, administered as 2.5 vol% sevoflurane via a mask, significantly reduced the size of myocardial infarction following 30 minutes of global ischemia by >50% compared to the untreated control group (rIPC, 12.1±1.7%; APC, 13.5±2.1%; P<0.01 compared to control, 31.3±3.0%). However, no additional protective effect was observed when rIPC and APC were combined (rIPC+APC, 14.4±3.3%).
Conclusion: Although combining rIPC and APC did not provide additional protection, there was no inhibitory effect of one intervention on the other.
Clinical outcomes and future directions of enhanced recovery after surgery in colorectal surgery: a narrative review
Authors: Song Ji Hyeong , Kim Minsung
Published: October 2024

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are designed to minimize surgical stress, preserve physiological function, and expedite recovery through standardized perioperative care for primary colorectal surgery patients. This narrative review explores the benefits of current ERAS protocols in improving outcomes for these patients and provides insights into future advancements. Numerous studies have shown that ERAS protocols significantly reduce the length of hospital stays by several days compared to conventional care. Additionally, the implementation of ERAS is linked to a reduction in postoperative complications, including lower incidences of surgical site infections, anastomotic leaks, and postoperative ileus. Patients adhering to ERAS protocols also benefit from quicker gastrointestinal recovery, marked by an earlier return of bowel function. Some research indicates that colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery with ERAS protocols may experience improved overall survival rates. High compliance with ERAS protocols leads to better outcomes, yet achieving full adherence continues to be a challenge. Despite these advantages, implementation challenges persist, with compliance rates affected by varying clinical practices and resource availability. However, the future of ERAS looks promising with the incorporation of prehabilitation strategies and technologies such as wearable devices and telemedicine. These innovations provide real-time monitoring, enhance patient engagement, and improve postoperative follow-up, potentially transforming perioperative care in colorectal surgery and offering new avenues for enhanced patient outcomes.
Convolution Bounds on Quantile Aggregation
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Lam Henry , Liu Yang , Wang Ruodu
Published: October 2024

Advancing Risk Assessment: New Ways To Compute Quantile Aggregation

This issue features a pivotal study on quantile aggregation amid dependence uncertainty, an area critical to finance, risk management, and statistics. The authors introduce “convolution bounds,” derived from a recent inf-convolution formula of quantiles and related risk measures. The obtained analytical tools unify existing results and enhance the understanding of quantile methods by providing general, sharp, and computationally efficient solutions. The results offer insights into the extremal dependence structures, with several implications in risk management and economic analysis applications. For more detailed insights, read the full paper, “Convolution Bounds on Quantile Aggregation” (reference: [insert reference]).
The Goods
Authors: Cosby Zoe
Published: October 2024

Despite UK temperatures finally heating up again at the start of September, there’s no denying that the new season is almost upon us, and we will be calling on those autumn trends before we know it. From super-chic staples to immune support, we’ve got you covered for when those chillier months finally hit.
CPD: An introduction to cerebral visual impairment in children 3
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2024

In the third of a four part series looking at an important cause of visual impairment in children, Cirta Tooth outlines how CVI affects children’s development (C???? suitable for logging as one distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Cash machines
Authors: Burn Stuart
Published: October 2024

Stuart Burn crunches the numbers on how much profit can be generated by investing in an OCT
IAPB and ILO plan to protect workers’ vision
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: October 2024

Lucy Patchett reports on the occupational eye health programme outlined by the Eye Health and the World of Work report ahead of World Sight Day
Now I'm a ‘convincer’
Authors: Morris Paul
Published: October 2024

Paul Morris proposes that working to inform and convince patients of the benefits offered by community optometry is a necessary step given the challenges facing the NHS
Being social
Authors: Read Nicola
Published: October 2024

Nicola Read explains how to use Facebook groups and community pages to get your optical practice seen by a new audience
NHS workforce plans for eye care
Authors: Kirkpatrick Nigel
Published: October 2024

Nigel Kirkpatrick laments the lack of thought about optometry in future NHS plans
Request, review, reply
Authors: Read Nicola
Published: October 2024

Nicola Read explores why optical practices should encourage patient reviews
Vision for growth
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Adam Szaronos tells Andrew McCarthy-McClean about rebuilding Trukera Medical and shifting focus
CPD: BCLA CLEAR 10
Authors: Retallic Neil , Nagra Manbir
Published: October 2024

The last in a series of articles summarising the key findings of the BCLA CLEAR publication, a major review of the published evidence relating to all aspects of contact lens practice, Neil Retallic and Dr Manbir Nagra offers an overview of the contact lens ongoing care aspects from the BCLA CLEAR section relating to evidence based contact lens practice 1
A practical guide to the TFOS lifestyle report
Authors: Huntjens Byki , Vehof Jelle , Block Dave
Published: October 2024

Dr Byki Huntjens, Dr Jelle Vehof and Dave Block provide a summary of the recent TFOS lifestyle report
Video, get ready for action
Authors: Read Nicola
Published: October 2024

Nicola Read outlines what video content patients should expect from an optical practice
A literary detachment
Authors: Baker David
Published: October 2024

David Baker recounts the life of CP Snow, novelist and chemist, whose personal experience provided one of the most detailed descriptions of a detached retina in literature
How your practice can help save the world
Authors: Clark Andrew
Published: October 2024

The Earth is on the brink of climate chaos and the optical industry is fundamentally dependent on fossil fuel at present. Here are seven simple ways you can help save the world from your practice
Eyewear companies report 2023 growth
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean reports on the full-year financial results published by the eyewear industry's giants
Bold new frontiers
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew , White Emma
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean and Emma White review the latest eyewear launches from the London event on February 24-26
Diary of a Spectacle Designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: October 2024

Tom Davies is wondering what the future is for his company at tradeshows
Harder, better, smarter, smaller
Authors: Nagra Manbir
Published: October 2024

Manbir Nagra reports on the latest developments and revisit old favourites among instruments and technology at the 100% Optical trade show
CPD: Artificial intelligence 3
Authors: Hasan Md Mahmudul , Phu Jack , Sowmya Arcot , Meijering Erik , Kalloniatis Michael
Published: October 2024

Australia-based researchers and academics, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Jack Phu, Arcot Sowmya, Erik Meijering and Michael Kalloniatis continue our series on AI and eye care with a summary of evidence highlighting the role AI could play in glaucoma and neurodegenerative disease diagnosis
On the frontline
Authors: Douglass Tony
Published: October 2024

Tony Douglass looks at the tasks optical assistants can undertake in daily practice
Providing optimal care
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean speaks to Peter Shields from Optomise about winning the very first Domiciliary Award
Loneliness among the blind and vision impaired
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

A survey found respondents were three times more likely to report feeling lonely than the general population. Andrew McCarthy-McClean reports
Truth or myth
Authors: Mahil Aman , Jong Monica , Ruston David
Published: October 2024

This month, in our series looking at common myths concerning contact lenses, Dr Aman Mahil and Dr Monica Jong look at the risks of myopia on vision loss
Call for joined-up approach in eye care
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean reports on a debate held by MPs who discussed the role of primary eye care professionals
CPD: Post-operative complications of cataract surgery
Authors: Dutton Christian , Hardman-Lea Simon , Bhangra Jasraj Singh , Thethy Jo-Sheetal , Tam Kin Mun
Published: October 2024

Christian Dutton, Simon Hardman-Lea, Kin Tam, Jasraj Bhangra and Jo-Sheetal Thethy summarise the pathophysiology and management of cataract post-operative complications as identified by the National Ophthalmology Database Audit 2023
Diary of a Spectacle Designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: October 2024

Tom Davies grabs his cape and gets ready to design eyewear for next year's Superman film
CPD: Low vision: A quick guide for busy optometrists and dispensing opticians
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: October 2024

We invited specialist optometrist, Cirta Tooth, to put together a simple to follow guide for ECPs wishing to improve their offerings for low vision patients
Concerns over spike in domiciliary complaints
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2024

Patient complaint data shines light on duplicitous domiciliary tactics. Simon Jones reports
Worlds apart
Authors: Blackmore Francesca
Published: October 2024

Francesca Blackmore explores the socio-economic divide where her practices are based
Factors Influencing Worker Safety in Grain Handling: An Advisory Panel Perspective
Authors: Derry Elzerie , Mosher Gretchen A. , Ambrose Kingsly
Published: October 2024

Highlights

Findings confirmed that out-of-condition grain is a primary causal factor in grain entrapment and engulfment.

The advisory panel confirmed that grain quality has implications for grain dust explosions.

Findings highlighted a lack of in-depth knowledge expected from an expert panel, specifically on aspects of protective grain quality traits.

Abstract. Out-of-condition grain has been identified as a primary causal factor in grain entrapments and engulfments. The quality of grain also has implications for grain dust explosions. Limited research has examined exactly which elements of grain condition influence worker safety in grain handling. This research project aimed to establish an advisory panel to examine and provide input on how elements of grain condition relate to worker safety risks in grain handling. A purposeful sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of grain handling and storage experts to function in an advisory role for the project. A primary aim of this research was to understand the problem further, provide input on tested variables, and guide educational and dissemination efforts. As is true for qualitative methodologies, those selected as part of the targeted sample cannot be generalized to other experts in the field of grain handling. The final sample contained six industry representatives, five academic professionals, and two insurance/regulatory professionals. Participants interviewed had varied expertise with grain-based safety events. Of those interviewed, 23% of participants had personal experience, 54% had bystander or investigator experience, and 23% had training experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to further understand the problem, provide input on important elements in safe grain handling, and guide educational and dissemination efforts. Interviews were analyzed with a primary objective to identify elements of grain condition that play a role in the incidence of grain entrapment, grain engulfments, or grain dust explosions. NVivo 14 was used to conduct a thematic analysis, and four overall themes were identified, which included challenges to worker safety in the grain handling industry, areas where improved communication is needed, grain quality indicators that may play a role in safety incidents, and available mitigation strategies. The themes are the opinions of the advisory panel and may not reflect those of the entire grain handling industry. Keywords: Expert panel, Grain bin safety, Grain handling hazards, Grain quality.
Diversity of endophytic bacteria in two banana cultivars and their potential for plant growth promoter
Authors: RAHAYU TRIASTUTI , PURWESTRI YEKTI ASIH , SUBANDIYAH SITI , SIDIQ YASIR , WIDIANTO DONNY
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Rahayu T, Purwestri YA, Subandiyah S, Sidiq Y, Widianto D. 2024. Diversity of endophytic bacteria in two banana cultivars and their potential for plant growth promoter. Biodiversitas 25: 2828-2838. The Klutuk banana plant (Musa balbisiana colla) is recognized as a resistant plant against biotic and abiotic stresses. The resistance trait of the cultivar is not exactly revealed but is most likely related to the presence of endophytic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the variation of banana cultivars and their organs on endophytic bacterial populations and their character as plant growth promoters (PGP). The study involved isolating endophytic bacteria from the root, corm, and petiole of cv. Klutuk and cv. Ambon, aged 4-5 months. Isolated endophytic bacteria were evaluated based on plant-growth-promoting (PGP) criteria. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequences were amplified using 16S primers, 27f and 1492r, then sequenced. The obtained isolates were also identified by comparing the 16S sequences to the NCBI gene bank. The results showed that the population and number of isolates with the most PGP characters were in both banana cultivars' roots, petiole, and corm. Endophytic bacteria with multiple traits as PGP are composed of Phylum Proteobacteria (gamma, alpha, beta), Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria members. Several species are potential as they have multiple PGP traits with high-quantity test results, namely Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166 strain, Simplicispira sp. CPCC 100842 strain, Klebsiella grimontii SB73 strain, Enterobacter mori LMG 25706 strain, Pantoea sp. CoA11 strain, Agrobacterium tumefaciens IAM 12048, Variovorax guangxiensis GXGD002 strain, Serratia nematodiphila DZ0503SBS1 strain, Bosea thiooxidans BI-42 strain, Erwinia tasmaniensis Et1/99 strain, Methylobacterium fujisawaense DSM 5686 strain, K2 isolate, K8 isolate, and K18 isolates. This study also revealed the endophytic bacterial population and character as plant organs influenced PGP. The roots and petioles became the banana plant organs colonized by endophytic bacteria with multiple traits as PGP. Overall, several isolates were discovered in cv. Klutuk were suspected of being new species with potential as PGP agents, and these were not identified in cv. Ambon.
Diversity and ecological drivers of fish in Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: ROHIM NUR , SULISTIONO SULISTIONO , YULIANDA FREDINAN , MUHTADI AHMAD
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Rohim N, Sulistiono, Yulianda F, Muhtadi A. 2024. Diversity and ecological drivers of fish in Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2849-2856. Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve (SSWR) is a conservation area in Aceh Singkil District, Aceh, Indonesia, that has an important role in maintaining the sustainability of fisheries resources on the Singkil coast. This study analyzes fish biodiversity and ecological factors influencing fish distribution in SSWR waters. The data were collected at five stations (Station I and II in the watershed area while Station III, IV, and V in peat swamp area) every month from April to October 2021 (7 months), consisting of fish biodiversity and aquatic ecological characteristics. The data obtained were analyzed using an index of diversity, evenness, dominance, frequency of presence, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Fish biodiversity in the SSWR utilization area consists of 26 species, including 14 families and 19 genera. Station I (in the Alas-Singkil River) has a higher diversity value and is dominated by the white fish group compared to Stations II, III, IV, and V (in the Lae-Treup River), which the black fish group dominates. Based on ecological characteristics, the distribution of fish species in SSWR is divided into four groups. The first and second groups of fish were positively correlated with high pH and DO, while the third and fourth groups tended to have negative correlation values.
Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity
Authors: SARI EKA , WARDHANI DYAH AYU SURYA , AGUSTINA VIVI , AGUSSALIM AGUSSALIM , HAKIM LUTHFI , WULANDARI RIKA , WIBOWO NENDYO ADHI , CHUA LEE SUAN
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Sari E, Wardhani DAS, Agustina V, Agussalim, Hakim L, Wulandari R, Wibowo NA, Chua LS. 2024. Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 25: 2857-2865. Stingless bee produces honey, propolis, and bee bread. Bee bread is known to have a high antioxidant. This study uses a spray dryer and its antioxidant activity, phytochemical, and bioactive compounds; therefore, it aims to encapsulate bee bread from Heterotrigona itama Cockerell 1918. The encapsulation of bee bread used several encapsulants, such as starch, lactose, and maltodextrin, in several formulas. The physical characterization was performed by analysis of hygroscopic properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and DPPH antioxidant. The results showed that bee bread contains bioactive compounds, such as saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, quinones, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and ninhydrin. The best encapsulant was a combination of starch and lactose with the formula 50:50 (% w/w), which has low hygroscopic properties. SEM analysis shows that bee bread does not bond well with filler at a 10.817 to 20.244 µm diameter. XRD analysis obtained a product crystallinity level of 71.0819%. FTIR analysis shows that bee bread has the most complex functional group, which was characterized by the presence of a wave at the point of 1,115.68 cm-1, which indicates the presence of a group (C?O?C) that shows the spectrum of flavonoid group compounds with antioxidant activity of 588.402 ppm.
Isolation of Trichoderma strains from rhizospheric soil and assessment of their potential for biofertilizer from freshwater aquaculture pond sediment
Authors: THI QUACH VAN CAO , NHAN TRAN HOANG , HUNG NGUYEN VIET KHANH , THUY NGUYEN PHUONG
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Thi QVC, Nhan TH, Hung NVK, Thuy NP. 2024. Isolation of Trichoderma strains from rhizospheric soil and assessment of their potential for biofertilizer from freshwater aquaculture pond sediment. Biodiversitas 25: 2866-2876. Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi found in almost all soils and can synthesize massive quantities of cellulase enzymes which can simply break down cellulose polysaccharides. Freshwater water aquaculture pond sediment has caused some environmental pollution which is required to be properly dealt with. The objective of this study was to isolate Trichoderma strains from rhizosphere soil and to evaluate their potential for biofertilizer from freshwater aquaculture pond sediments. Twenty-six strains of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from soil. The Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) degrading ability of the S25 strain was extremely strong, with a halo diameter zone measuring 8.9±3.8 cm. According to the BLAST result, there was 99.11% similarity between S25 strains and Trichoderma asperelloides, with a max score of 1011 and an E-value of 0.0. The T. asperelloides S25 was selected for bioproduct production. The use of T. asperelloides S25 bioproduct passively enhanced the efficient decomposition of organic fertilizers. After just 30 days of incubation, total organic matter content was ? 30% and material had a spongy, soft, and brown-black in color. According to the Government of Vietnam’s Decree No. 14/2019/ND-CP on fertilizer management, dated September 14, 2019, all treatments were chosen for the production of granular bio-compost. These findings highlight the potential of bioproduct T. asperelloides S25 for sustainable aquaculture practices and organic waste management.
Assessment of nematode and microbial diversity and screening of entomopathogens in revegetated post-coal-mining land in Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SOPIALENA SOPIALENA , ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH , SURYADI ANDI
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Sopialena, Rosfiansyah, Suryadi A. 2024. Assessment of nematode and microbial diversity and screening of entomopathogens in revegetated post-coal-mining land in Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2921-2930. Post-coal-mining management should strive toward site revegetation. The success of such revegetation efforts is largely determined by the soil's fertility status, which encompasses physical, chemical, and biological components. Biological fertility is indicated by the presence and abundance of soil microbes and nematodes. The objective of this study was to identify the diversity of nematodes and soil microbes in ex-coal-mining land revegetated with oil palm in Kutai Kartanegara District (East Kalimantan, Indonesia), to screen for entomopathogenic nematodes and microbes, and to analyze their relationships with the chemical fertility status of the land. As a control, non-mining land was also investigated. The results showed that microbial diversity and density (including fungi and bacteria) in the ex-coal-mining area were significantly lower compared to the control. Additionally, a decrease in microbial diversity and density was found in deeper soil layers of both post-mining and non-mining lands. In contrast, soil nematodes were more abundant in post-mining land, both in terms of diversity and density, and were also more plentiful in the deeper soil layers. Among the nematodes and microbes studied, only Heterorhabditis and Steinernema (nematodes), Trichoderma (fungi), and Bacillaceae (bacteria) were identified as entomopathogens, causing death in Tenebrio molitor L. larvae. Overall, soil fertility in ex-coal-mining land was observed to be lower, characterized by decreased soil pH, basic saturation, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), and nutrient content, which contributed to a reduced microbial community compared to non-mining land.
The female red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) reproductive investment stimulated by male attractiveness
Authors: LELONO ASMORO , RIEDSTRA BERND , GROOTHUIS TON
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Lelono A, Riedstra B, Groothuis T. 2024. The female red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) reproductive investment stimulated by male attractiveness. Biodiversitas 25: 2931-2936. To maximize their capacity for reproduction, mothers are expected to modify their investment in offspring based on the quality of their mates. A recent study showed that females in female-care only species do so by investing more in egg mass when mated with attractive males rather than in other reproductive traits. In our study, we investigated how red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) mothers invest in clutch production based on the size of the male's comb, a trait signaling attractiveness. We randomly paired 14 females with 14 males of either large or small combs and monitored their egg laying, clutch completion, and brood rearing. Following the initial clutch, we exchanged male partners and permitted females to establish up second generation. We found that females who were partnered with males who had bigger combs laid down their eggs earlier after pairing compared to those paired with males with smaller combs. However, there were no variations in egg mass or clutch size that we could find. Furthermore, the size of the male's comb influenced the growth and body condition of female chicks, with those sired by males with larger combs being heavier and in better condition at twenty-four weeks old. These data support the premise of the positive Differential Allocation (DA) hypothesis, where maternal investment varies with mate quality, rather than the negative DA, where females more investment in offspring from lower quality mates.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants among the Karo Tribe in Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: GANI ABDUL RASYID FAKHRUN , HASTUTI UTAMI SRI , SULISETIJONO SULISETIJONO , SETIOWATI FRIDA KUNTI
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Gani ARF, Hastuti US, Sulisetijono S, Setiowati FK. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants among the Karo tribe in Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2960-2968. Indonesia has a high diversity of plants. One area of Indonesia with a high diversity of plants is Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The Karo tribe inhabits Kuala Sub-district, and they still apply the ethnomedicine knowledge in their life; this study aims to: (i) document ethnomedicine knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in Kuala Sub-district, (ii) Analyze the use value and cultural significance index to determine the level of use of medicinal plants by the Karo people in Kuala Sub-district. Ethnomedicine data were collected for eleven months, from October 2022 to April 2024. The data sources in this research were 205 informants (25 key informants and 180 additional informants). Data from 25 key informants was used to determine the cultural significance index, while data from 180 additional informants was used to determine use value (UV). ICS data was collected by conducting focus group discussions with key informants, while UV data collection was carried out using survey techniques. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews to determine various medicinal plants' quality, intensity, and exclusivity. This research shows 49 plants used in medicinal practice, and the highest significant cultural index and use value is Kaempferia galanga. The part of the plant that is most widely used is the leaf. The most common disease experienced by the Karo people in Kuala Sub-district is flatulence and many medicinal plants are used to treat this disease.
Biodegradability and formulation of triclosan-degrading and plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas sp. MS45
Authors: SIPAHUTAR MERRY KRISDAWATI
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Sipahutar MK. 2024. Biodegradability and formulation of triclosan-degrading and plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas sp. MS45. Biodiversitas 25: 2980-2992. This study presents the isolation of Pseudomonas sp. MS45, a microorganism that can consume triclosan (TCS) as its only carbon and energy source, leading to its detoxification. The rarity of a toxicity study of TCS before and after biodegradation treatment is addressed in this study. Allium cepa's genotoxicity exposed TCS's cytotoxicity, generating multiple damaged chromosomes, in contrast to the insignificant consequences of its broken-down metabolites. The study also optimized the different kinetic parameters for TCS-specific biodegradation and Pseudomonas sp. MS45-specific growth. The biodegradation pattern followed the Michaelis-Menten model with a maximum specific biodegradation rate (Vmax) of 0.01 µmole h-1 mg cell protein-1 and a half saturation constant (Ks) of 21.98 µM. The growth pattern followed the Haldane model with a maximum specific growth rate (µmax) of 0.03 h-1, half saturation constant (Ks) of 4.56 µM, and TCS inhibition constant (Ki) of 32.81 µM. In addition to its TCS-degrading ability, Pseudomonas sp. MS45 also possesses various plant growth promotion traits, and it was incorporated into two solid carrier formulations: vermiculite and rice bran. The study found that vermiculite, especially with PEG, was the most consistent formulation for Pseudomonas sp. MS45, in terms of maintaining bacterial survival and TCS-degrading ability. This study marks the initial report on the biodegradation and formulation of TCS-destroying and Plant-Growth-Promoting (PGP) Pseudomonas sp. MS45, offering promising implications for environmental and agricultural applications.
Correlation between physical characteristics and plant composition of home gardens in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: LARASWARI SALSABILA , WULANDARI INDRI , HUSODO TEGUH , ABDOELLAH OEKAN S. , AMALIA CIKA ASTI , FAWWAZ MUHAMMAD RIFQI , AZADI SYAHARBANU MEHRI , FARHANIAH SHOFI SITI
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Laraswari S, Wulandari I, Husodo T, Abdoellah OS, Amalia CA, Fawwaz MR, Azadi SM, Farhaniah SS. 2024. Correlation between physical characteristics and plant composition of home gardens in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3051-3060. Green open space in urban settings provides various benefits to city residents, yet the increase in urban population indirectly results in a decrease in urban green space. Home gardens can expand urban green space to complement public areas but are often overlooked. This research examines the physical characteristics (area size, shape, and zoning) and plant composition of home gardens in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia, as well as the correlation between both aspects. This research examined extensive data collection from a densely populated urban area, a context rarely explored but highly relevant in recent urban development. Data was collected in five housing complexes in the Rancasari Sub-district, with 514 home gardens, and correlation analysis was performed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The result showed that 92.2% of the home gardens had very narrow areas with 2-53m2. The shape of the home garden was dominated by strips, with 66% and 94% of home gardens having front zoning. Across the sampled home gardens, there were 1054 species from 141 families, with a total of 32,967 individuals. Araceae was the most commonly found family with 100 species and Sri Rejeki (Aglaonema commutatum Schott) had the largest number of individuals. Most of the home garden plants were ornamental plants due to their attractive morphology, making them relatively homogeneous within 95% of the home gardens. The presence of ornamental plants was the least influenced by physical characteristics, while medicinal and spice plants can be grouped together as they were more affected by the area size and less by the zone and shape. Edible plants were the most influenced by all physical characteristics, particularly the zone. This study provides new insights into urban ecology, offering valuable information for homeowners, developers, and policymakers to enhance the role of home gardens as private green spaces.
The dynamics of deciduous dipterocarp forest in relation to climate variability in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Northeastern Thailand
Authors: YATAR CHATPIMUK , THINKAMPHEANG SATHID , SUNGKAEW SARAWOOD , WACHRINRAT CHONGRAK , ASANOK LAMTHAI , KAMYO TORLARP , HERMHUK SUTHEERA , KACHINA PANIDA , THONGSAWI JAKKAPONG , PHUMPHUANG WONGSATORN , YARNVUDHI ARERUT , WAENGSOTHORN SURACHIT , CHEYSAWAT SOMBOON , MAROD DOKRAK
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Yatar C, Thinkampheang S, Sungkaew S, Wachrinrat C, Asanok L, Kamyo T, Hermhuk S, Kachina P, Thongsawi J, Phumphuang W, Yarnvudhi A, Waengsothorn S, Cheysawat S, Marod D. 2024. The dynamics of deciduous dipterocarp forest in relation to climate variability in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3088-3098. Climate change is a major environmental problem influencing forest dynamics. To clarify tropical seasonal forest dynamics under climate change, we conducted long-term monitoring of all trees with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ?4.5 cm within a 1-ha permanent plot established in 2004 in a deciduous dipterocarp forest in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve (SBR), Northeastern Thailand. Surveys of all trees within the plot with DBH ?2 cm were conducted in 2008, 2015, and 2019. Climate data were obtained from the SBR climate station during 2004-2019 and used to extract dates with drought and wet conditions. Forest dynamics varied among species and periods, with stem density exhibiting a decreasing trend. Despite prolonged drought conditions from 2004 to 2009, which usually leads to increased mortality rates, the recruitment rate was 7-fold higher than the mortality rate at a site protected from fire during 2004-2008, and most of the recruited species were pioneer species, shrubs, and small trees. A contrasting trend was observed during 2015-2019, with a mortality rate almost 10-fold higher than the recruitment rate, indicating a significant ecological disturbance, likely to have been driven by a severe El Niño event during 2015-2016. Thus, climate induced disturbances (i.e., drought and fire) appear to have inhibited tree regeneration in the deciduous dipterocarp forest, particularly when they occurred in combination and for specific timing and intensity levels. Addressing the challenges posed by drought and fire to tree regeneration requires holistic management approaches that consider both ecological and climatic factors. Monitoring and adaptive management are also essential to mitigate the impact of future disturbances and support the long-term viability of forest ecosystems.
Determining key mammalian species and food web robustness across different land cover vegetation using network analysis
Authors: RISDIYANTO IDUNG , SANTOSA YANTO , SANTOSO NYOTO , SUNKAR ARZYANA
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Risdiyanto I, Santosa Y, Santoso N, Sunkar A. 2024. Determining key mammalian species and food web robustness across different land cover vegetation using network analysis. Biodiversitas 25: 3175-3190. The ecosystem's food web depicts the intricate energy flow and complex interactions among its diverse organisms. Organisms are not confined to single trophic levels or food chains; they establish multiple food connections with other organisms within the ecosystem. This study aims to identify critical mammalian species and assess the robustness of various ecosystem types, considering the diversity of species presence, through food web analysis. Computational graphic-based network analysis is employed to achieve this goal. Ecosystem types, categorized by their land cover, include plantation/agricultural forests, Bushes and shrubss, forests, and mixed landscapes. Network centrality metrics such as degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector centrality are utilized to evaluate the presence of key species and ecosystem robustness. The relative contribution of mammalian species as connectors and regulators of energy flow in the food web ranges from 8-23% of all nodes involved. Key mammalian species are classified into ecosystem stability and sustainability keys. In Bushes and shrubss ecosystems, key species predominantly consist of mammalian predator species that are crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability through population control. Conversely, in other ecosystems, key species are primarily connectors, ensuring the sustained energy flow. The most resilient food webs are observed in Bushes and shrubss and mixed ecosystems due to their higher biomass growth rates and abundant presence of mammalian species. Utilizing food web analysis can significantly contribute to species and ecosystem conservation efforts by offering a comprehensive understanding of interspecies interactions, food web structures, and ecosystem dynamics.
Phytochemical, antioxidant, and in-silico studies of Erigeron sumatrensis from Gayo Highlands as a potential inhibitor of Type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: PUSPA VIVERA RUSELLI , ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR , NURDIN NURDIN , FITMAWATI FITMAWATI
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Puspa VR, Zumaidar, Nurdin, Fitmawati. 2024. Phytochemical, antioxidant, and in-silico studies of Erigeron sumatrensis from Gayo Highlands as a potential inhibitor of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Biodiversitas 25: 3179-3192. Erigeron sumatrensis Retz., a wild medicinal herb, was determined qualitatively and quantitatively for its leaf extract's phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity and to conduct computational studies. Secondary metabolites identified included flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The methanol fraction exhibited the greatest TPC (5945.45 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activity, as determined by the ABTS assay, indicated a significant radical scavenging activity in the methanol fraction of E. sumatrensis leaves, with an IC50 value of 57.67 ?g/mL. In silico molecular docking revealed that cucurbitacin b, 25-desacetoxy-?-sitosterol, and ?-amyrin exhibited potential as ?-glucosidase inhibitors (PDB ID: 2QMJ). The same compounds demonstrated inhibitory properties against ?-amylase (PDB ID: 2QV4), with acarbose as a positive control with a binding energy of -7.8 kcal/mol. The ADMET profiles indicated compliance with Lipinski's rule of five for all compounds, suggesting their suitability as an orally administered drug. Based on these findings, E. sumatrensis has excellent potential as a source of raw materials for antidiabetic drug formulation, so it needs to be further investigated for pharmaceutical applications.
On symmetry classification of integrable evolution equations of third order
Authors: Balakhnev Maxim Yur'evich
Published: October 2024

We present new results in the framework of symmetry classification of third order integrable evolution vector equations. A technique proposed by G.A. Meshkov and V.V. Sokolov allowed us to find 12 equations satisfying necessary integrability conditions. We provide a short review of all known equations of the considered type and also clarify all computational difficulties not allowing us to complete the classification problem in the general form. By imposing reasonable additional restrictions for the form of equations while classifying them we succeed to complete the calculations. The found equations possess several nontrivial conserved densities and they are likely exactly integrable. As the proof of their integrability, the Lax representation or Bäcklund autotransform could serve but finding them is a rather complicated problem requiring a sufficient motivation, for instance, an application value of some of these equations.
Problem on string system vibrations on star-shaped graph with nonlinear condition at node
Authors: Zvereva Margarita Borisovna , Kamenskii Mikhail Igorevich
Published: October 2024

We consider a system of $n$ strings being in the equilibrium position along a geometrical star-graph. We suppose that the edges of the graph have the same lengths and the graph is oriented to the node. We study the case when the initial velocity of each string is zero. The initial shape of each string is defined by means of given functions on the edges. We assume that at the boundary vertices the strings are fixed. We study the oscillatory process for the case, when the node point of the string system is located inside the motion limiter. At the same time we suppose that the limiter can move in the direction perpendicular to the graph plane. While the limiter does not touch the node point of the string system, the transmission condition holds (the Kirchoff condition). Once the limiter touches the node, their joint motion begins and an additional restriction for the sign of the sum of derivatives at the node appears. Thus, at the node, a hysteresis type condition is satisfied. In the work we obtain a representation for the solution and prove its existence. For a particular case we consider a case on periodic oscillations of the node point of the string system. We solve a problem on boundary control of the oscillatory process under the assumption that the oscillation time does not exceed the length of the strings.