bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La délicatesse nécessaire à l’intervention en matière d’orientation sexuelle : récits de pratiques d’enseignantes et d’enseignants du secondaire
Authors: Richard Gabrielle
Published: September 2013

Cet article s’appuie sur les résultats d’uneenquête menée auprès 22 enseignantes et enseignantsde l’école secondaire québécoise. Ils ontété interrogés sur les modalitésd’intervention qu’ils préconisaient en lien avecl’orientation sexuelle, que ce soit dans un contexted’homophobie ou lors d’une intervention de proximitéauprès d’élèves lesbiennes, gais, bisexuelsou en questionnement (LGBQ). Cinq angles d’intervention contrel’homophobie ressortent de leurs témoignages : lacorrection du vocabulaire, les explications étymologiques, lasensibilisation aux impacts de l’homophobie, l’analogieentre homophobie et racisme et l’intervention par confrontation.Nos résultats suggèrent qu’en n’intervenantque pour mettre un terme aux épisodes qu’ilsinterprètent comme de l’homophobie, plusieurs enseignanteset enseignants passent à côté d’une situationd’infériorisation des élèves LGBQ dont lesmécanismes sont autrement plus complexes.
Les pratiques émergentes de lutte contre l’homophobie dans les milieux scolaires et jeunesse de l’Outaouais
Authors: Thibault Sylvie , Lavoie Kévin , Chouinard Vincent
Published: September 2013

Cet article présente les résultats d’uneétude menée auprès de onze intervenants etenseignants de la région de l’Outaouais.Réalisée en Outaouais avec l’étroitecollaboration de Jeunesse Idem, service d’information et desoutien pour les jeunes (âgés de 14 à 25 ans) deminorités sexuelles, cette démarche exploratoire a permisde documenter les pratiques émergentes visant à contrerles violences homophobes auprès des jeunes. Plusspécifiquement, le point de vue des répondants sur lesphénomènes de l’homophobie et del’hétérosexisme dans les milieux jeunesse estexploré. En outre, cet article expose les stratégies desensibilisation développées par les acteurs sociaux etqui sont établies par le biais de différentescollaborations entre les écoles et la communauté. Lesfacteurs facilitant de telles alliances sont identifiés, ainsique ceux qui inhibent l’émergence de pratiques de luttecontre l’homophobie. Des pistes de recherches futures et lesimplications pour la pratique sont également discutées.
« Pour la personne la plus précieuse de votre vie »1
Authors: Archambault Jacinthe
Published: September 2013

En se penchant sur le contexte économique et socioculturel particulier d’après-guerre, cet article tente de mettre en lumière ce que révèlent les discours publicitaires diffusés à Montréal entre 1944 et 1954 en ce qui concerne la famille, et plus particulièrement l’enfance. D’une manière globale, cet article tente de dégager ce qui peut s’apparenter à une « norme sociale » concernant la famille et l’enfance, en cherchant à comprendre comment sont perçus et présentés les enfants. À travers l’enfance, l’image de la famille ainsi que les rôles maternel et paternel sont également mis en lumière. Invariablement, dans la publicité à Montréal au lendemain de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, on véhicule l’image d’une famille type « idéale », d’une famille heureuse, donc celle d’une enfance heureuse. Les rôles parentaux sont bien marqués. La tâche d’assurer le bonheur et la santé des enfants (par les publicités de médicaments, de nourriture et de vêtements) incombe à la mère. Le père, quant à lui, se trouve responsable de la sécurité financière de sa famille, c’est pourquoi il demeure la figure centrale des publicités d’épargne et d’assurances. Malgré le fait que l’enfant soit souvent utilisé, il est rarement présenté seul dans la publicité. Il est intégré à son contexte familial, est défini par rapport à ses parents et n’existe pas sans eux. L’enfant n’est pas visé directement comme un public cible, mais est plutôt présenté comme un argument de vente. Il n’est considéré comme consommateur potentiel que par l’entremise de ses parents.
Doctrine catholique, ambivalences et pragmatisme
Authors: Brunet Marie-Hélène
Published: September 2013

Cet article s’intéresse à un aspect négligé de l’historiographie de la maternité hors mariage au Québec, celui de l’impact des débuts du travail social. À l’aide de mémoires de fin d’études déposés à l’École de service social de l’Université de Montréal entre 1945 et 1970, l’étude cherche à démontrer que les Soeurs de Miséricorde, malgré la persistance d’un certain moralisme, ont participé, tant par leur volonté de développement professionnel (plusieurs d’entre elles ayant complété leur diplôme en travail social) que par leur ouverture à de nouvelles théories et techniques, à l’évolution des services offerts aux mères célibataires. L’analyse des mémoires permet de constater qu’en l’espace de quelques décennies, le discours moralisateur a été remplacé par un discours psychologique puis par un discours plus social, ouvrant la voie à la création de nouveaux services dans les maternités.
УТИЦАЈ ДОДАТКА КИСЕЛОГ ТИЈЕСТА НА ОДРЕЂЕНЕ КВАЛИТАТИВНЕ ОСОБИНЕ ХЉЕБА
Authors: Lakić Nataša , Grubačić Miroslav
Published: September 2013

Приликом израде рада, пошло се од чињенице да директни поступак производње хљеба у нашим погонима се заснива на кратким ферментативним поступцима припреме тијеста који дају висок волумен хљеба са добро развијеном средином, али и са одређеним недостацима у свјежини и ароми хљеба. Дакле, циљ овог рада је да се, у нашим технолошким условима производње пекарских производа, испита утицај примјенe модификованог индиректног начина израде тијеста (употребом течног киселог тијеста) на квалитет хљеба од пшеничног брашна (текстура, укус, арома).Током истраживања, вршена су пробна печења за контролне узорке и експерименталне узорке (са додатком киселог тијеста). Потом су оцјењиване одређене квалитативне особине узорака хљеба и вршене компаративне анализе добијених резултата. Резултати указују да додатком киселог тијеста је могуће побољшати квалитет хљеба.
Ultrafast endocytosis at Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junctions
Authors: Watanabe Shigeki , Liu Qiang , Davis M Wayne , Hollopeter Gunther , Thomas Nikita , Jorgensen Nels B , Jorgensen Erik M
Published: September 2013

Synaptic vesicles can be released at extremely high rates, which places an extraordinary demand on the recycling machinery. Previous ultrastructural studies of vesicle recycling were conducted in dissected preparations using an intense stimulation to maximize the probability of release. Here, a single light stimulus was applied to motor neurons in intact Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes expressing channelrhodopsin, and the animals rapidly frozen. We found that docked vesicles fuse along a broad active zone in response to a single stimulus, and are replenished with a time constant of about 2 s. Endocytosis occurs within 50 ms adjacent to the dense projection and after 1 s adjacent to adherens junctions. These studies suggest that synaptic vesicle endocytosis may occur on a millisecond time scale following a single physiological stimulus in the intact nervous system and is unlikely to conform to current models of endocytosis.
Mechanism of synergistic activation of Arp2/3 complex by cortactin and N-WASP
Authors: Helgeson Luke A , Nolen Brad J
Published: September 2013

Nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) initiate branched actin network assembly by activating Arp2/3 complex, a branched actin filament nucleator. Cellular actin networks contain multiple NPFs, but how they coordinately regulate Arp2/3 complex is unclear. Cortactin is an NPF that activates Arp2/3 complex weakly on its own, but with WASP/N-WASP, another class of NPFs, potently activates. We dissect the mechanism of synergy and propose a model in which cortactin displaces N-WASP from nascent branches as a prerequisite for nucleation. Single-molecule imaging revealed that unlike WASP/N-WASP, cortactin remains bound to junctions during nucleation, and specifically targets junctions with a ∼160-fold increased on rate over filament sides. N-WASP must be dimerized for potent synergy, and targeted mutations indicate release of dimeric N-WASP from nascent branches limits nucleation. Mathematical modeling shows cortactin-mediated displacement but not N-WASP recycling or filament recruitment models can explain synergy. Our results provide a molecular basis for coordinate Arp2/3 complex regulation.
Three-color single molecule imaging shows WASP detachment from Arp2/3 complex triggers actin filament branch formation
Authors: Smith Benjamin A , Padrick Shae B , Doolittle Lynda K , Daugherty-Clarke Karen , Corrêa Ivan R , Xu Ming-Qun , Goode Bruce L , Rosen Michael K , Gelles Jeff
Published: September 2013

During cell locomotion and endocytosis, membrane-tethered WASP proteins stimulate actin filament nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex. This process generates highly branched arrays of filaments that grow toward the membrane to which they are tethered, a conflict that seemingly would restrict filament growth. Using three-color single-molecule imaging in vitro we revealed how the dynamic associations of Arp2/3 complex with mother filament and WASP are temporally coordinated with initiation of daughter filament growth. We found that WASP proteins dissociated from filament-bound Arp2/3 complex prior to new filament growth. Further, mutations that accelerated release of WASP from filament-bound Arp2/3 complex proportionally accelerated branch formation. These data suggest that while WASP promotes formation of pre-nucleation complexes, filament growth cannot occur until it is triggered by WASP release. This provides a mechanism by which membrane-bound WASP proteins can stimulate network growth without restraining it.
The tortoise and the hare revisited
Authors: Kononenko Natalia L , Pechstein Arndt , Haucke Volker
Published: September 2013

Optogenetics and electron microscopy reveal an ultrafast mode of synaptic vesicle recycling, adding a new twist to a 40-year-old controversy.
Making the most of methylation
Authors: Vermeulen Michiel
Published: September 2013

A high-throughput screening approach based on a protein microarray reveals that many human transcription factors interact specifically with methylated promoter sequences.
Switching‐based state tracking of model reference adaptive control systems in the presence of intermittent failures of all actuators
Authors: Wu Caiyun , Li Chensong , Zhao Jun
Published: September 2013

This paper investigates the state tracking problem for a class of model reference adaptive control systems with intermittent failures of all actuators. We consider the case that all actuators may suffer failures simultaneously. The concepts of failure frequency and unavailability rate are introduced to describe the failures. Because of the actuator failures, the error system is modeled as a switched system. Then, the notion of global practical stability of switched systems is presented, and sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee the global practical stability of the error system. An example of HiMAT vehicle and the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
25th Anniversary Article: Colloidal Quantum Dot Materials and Devices: A Quarter‐Century of Advances
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Voznyy Oleksandr , Zhitomirsky David , Sargent Edward H.
Published: September 2013

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) optoelectronics offers a compelling combination of low‐cost, large‐area solution processing, and spectral tunability through the quantum size effect. Since early reports of size‐tunable light emission from solution‐synthesized CQDs over 25 years ago, tremendous progress has been made in synthesis and assembly, optical and electrical properties, materials processing, and optoelectronic applications of these materials. Here some of the major developments in this field are reviewed, touching on key milestones as well as future opportunities.
The development of community members' roles in partnership research projects: An empirical study
Authors: Xiao Lu , Farooq Umer , Carroll John M. , Rosson Mary Beth
Published: September 2013

For 3 years, the authors of this article and several other colleagues have worked with 11 nonprofit community groups to help them take greater control of their information technology in terms of technology acceptance, adoption, and literacy through a research project. As part of this project, the authors explored informal learning methods that the groups could benefit from and practiced them with the community representatives who played key roles in the daily life of the organizations. In the present article, the authors reflect on the developmental trajectories observed for two individuals, each from a different nonprofit organization, with respect to information technology efficacy and ability. The authors analyze these trajectories as a sequence of the following four technology‐related roles—technology consumers, technology planners, technology doers, and technology sustainers. The authors describe these roles, the methods used to promote informal learning, and implications for other researchers studying informal learning in communities.
Facile Synthesis of Ge@C Core–Shell Nanocomposites for High‐Performance Lithium Storage in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Guoxiu
Published: September 2013

Herein, we report a facile and “green” synthetic route for the preparation of Ge@C core–shell nanocomposites by using a low‐cost Ge precursor. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the core–shell nanoarchitecture of the Ge@C nanocomposites, with particle sizes ranging from 60 to 100 nm. Individual Ge nanocrystals were coated by a continuous carbon layer, which had an average thickness of 2 nm. When applied as an anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, the Ge@C nanocomposites exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1670 mAh g−1 and superior rate capability. In particular, Ge@C nanocomposite electrodes maintained a reversible capacity of 734 mAh g−1 after repeated cycling at a current density of 800 mA g−1 over 100 cycles.
Biofilm responses to smooth flow fields and chemical gradients in novel microfluidic flow cells
Authors: Song Jisun L. , Au Kelly H. , Huynh Kimberly T. , Packman Aaron I.
Published: September 2013

We present two novel microfluidic flow cells developed to provide reliable control of flow distributions and chemical gradients in biofilm studies. We developed a single‐inlet microfluidic flow cell to support biofilm growth under a uniform velocity field, and a double‐inlet flow cell to provide a very smooth transverse concentration gradient. Both flow cells consist of a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bonded to glass cover slips and were fabricated using the replica molding technique. We demonstrate the capabilities of the flow cells by quantifying flow patterns before and after growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms through particle imaging velocimetry, and by evaluating concentration gradients within the double‐inlet microfluidic flow cell. Biofilm growth substantially increased flow complexity by diverting flow around biomass, creating high‐ and low‐velocity regions and surface friction. Under a glucose gradient in the double‐inlet flow cell, P. aeruginosa biofilms grew in proportion to the local glucose concentration, producing distinct spatial patterns in biofilm biomass relative to the imposed glucose gradient. When biofilms were subjected to a ciprofloxacin gradient, spatial patterns of fractions of dead cells were also in proportion to the local antibiotic concentration. These results demonstrate that the microfluidic flow cells are suitable for quantifying flow complexities resulting from flow–biofilm interactions and investigating spatial patterns of biofilm growth under chemical gradients. These novel microfluidic flow cells will facilitate biofilm research that requires flow control and in situ imaging, particularly investigations of biofilm–environment interactions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 597–607. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of lignin deposition on cellulose during hydrothermal pretreatment, its effect on cellulose hydrolysis, and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Li Hongjia , Pu Yunqiao , Kumar Rajeev , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Wyman Charles E.
Published: September 2013

In dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin has been shown to form droplets that deposit on the cellulose surface and retard enzymatic digestion of cellulose (Donohoe et al., 2008; Selig et al., 2007). However, studies of this nature are limited for hydrothermal pretreatment, with the result that the corresponding mechanisms that inhibit cellulosic enzymes are not well understood. In this study, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and wet chemical analysis of solids formed by hydrothermal pretreatment of a mixture of Avicel cellulose and poplar wood showed that lignin droplets from poplar wood relocated onto the Avicel surface. In addition, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed higher S/G ratios in deposited lignin than the initial lignin in poplar wood. Furthermore, the lignin droplets deposited on Avicel significantly impeded cellulose hydrolysis. A series of tests confirmed that blockage of the cellulose surface by lignin droplets was the main cause of cellulase inhibition. The results give new insights into the fate of lignin in hydrothermal pretreatment and its effects on enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 485–492. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical collaboration
Authors: Summerskill W S M , Horton R
Published: September 2013

Best for patients
Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Reimerink J J , van der Laan M J , Koelemay M J , Balm R , Legemate D A
Published: September 2013

Background

A substantial proportion of patients with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) die outside hospital. The objective of this study was to estimate the total mortality, including prehospital deaths, of patients with rAAA.

Methods

This was a systematic review and meta-analysis following the MOOSE guidelines. The Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched. All population-based studies reporting both prehospital and in-hospital mortality in patients with rAAA were included. Studies were assessed for methodological quality and heterogeneity, and pooled estimates of mortality from rAAA were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results

From a total of 3667 studies, 24 retrospective cohort studies, published between 1977 and 2012, met the inclusion criteria. The quality of included studies varied, in particular the method of determining prehospital deaths from rAAA. The estimated pooled total mortality rate was 81 (95 per cent confidence interval 78 to 83) per cent. A decline in mortality was observed over time (P = 0·002); the pooled estimate of total mortality in high-quality studies before 1990 was 86 (83 to 89) per cent, compared with 74 (72 to 77) per cent since 1990. Some 32 (27 to 37) per cent of patients with rAAA died before reaching hospital. The in-hospital non-intervention rate was 40 (33 to 47) per cent, which also declined over the years.

Conclusion

The pooled estimate of total mortality from rAAA is very high, although it has declined over the years. Most patients die outside hospital, and there is no surgical intervention in a considerable number of those who survive to reach hospital.
Relevance of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-positive lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for squamous cell oesophageal cancer
Authors: Miyata H , Yamasaki M , Takahashi T , Murakami K , Kurokawa Y , Nakajima K , Takiguchi S , Mori M , Doki Y
Published: September 2013

Background

Several studies have examined the clinical significance of metabolic response in primary tumours by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) in patients with oesophageal cancer who undergo neoadjuvant therapy. The relevance of the metabolic response in lymph nodes is unclear.

Methods

Consecutive patients with oesophageal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery were studied. 18F-FDG-PET was performed before and 2–3 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, assessing FDG uptake in primary tumours and lymph nodes considered to be metastatic.

Results

Before therapy, 156 (73·9 per cent) of 211 patients had PET-positive nodes, of whom 89 (57.1 per cent) had no evidence of metabolic activity in these lymph nodes following chemotherapy. There was a significant relationship between post-treatment lymph node status assessed by FDG-PET and numbers of pathologically confirmed metastatic lymph nodes. Patients with post-treatment PET-positive nodes had shorter survival than those without (5-year survival rate 25 versus 62·6 per cent; P < 0·001). There was no difference in survival between patients with PET-positive nodes before but not after therapy and patients who had PET-negative nodes throughout (5-year survival rate 59 versus 71 per cent respectively; P = 0·207). Multivariable analysis identified post-treatment nodal status assessed by FDG-PET and tumour depth as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion

Identification of PET-positive lymph nodes after completion of chemotherapy is a predictor of poor prognosis of patients with oesophageal cancer scheduled for surgery. FDG-PET lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is more important than that before chemotherapy.
Sarcopenia as a predictor of prognosis in patients following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harimoto N , Shirabe K , Yamashita Y-I , Ikegami T , Yoshizumi T , Soejima Y , Ikeda T , Maehara Y , Nishie A , Yamanaka T
Published: September 2013

Background

Sarcopenia was identified recently as a poor prognostic factor in patients with cancer. The present study investigated the effect of sarcopenia on short- and long-term outcomes following partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and aimed to identify prognostic factors.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively for all consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC with curative intent between January 2004 and December 2009. Patients were assigned to one of two groups according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia, assessed by computed tomographic measurement of muscle mass at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Clinicopathological, surgical outcome and long-term survival data were analysed.

Results

Sarcopenia was present in 75 (40·3 per cent) of 186 patients, and was significantly correlated with female sex, lower body mass index and liver dysfunction, as indicated by abnormal serum albumin levels and indocyanine green retention test at 15 min values. In patients with, and without sarcopenia, the 5-year overall survival rate was 71 and 83·7 per cent respectively, and the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 13 and 33·2 per cent respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that reduced skeletal muscle mass was predictive of an unfavourable prognosis.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia was predictive of worse overall survival even when adjusted for other known predictors in patients with HCC after partial hepatectomy.
Outcomes after hepatic resection and subsequent multimodal treatment of recurrence for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim P T W , Jang J-H , Atenafu E G , Fischer S , Greig P D , McGilvray I D , Wei A C , Gallinger S , Cleary S P
Published: September 2013

Background

The role of liver resection in patients with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with well preserved liver function is controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of such patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent liver resection for multifocal HCC between 1992 and 2011. Postoperative outcomes, survival and predictors of outcomes were analysed.

Results

Of 46 patients who underwent hepatic resection for multifocal HCC, 38 had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B disease. Major hepatectomy was performed in 27 patients, and major complications occurred in nine (20 per cent). The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 7 per cent. Overall 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 78, 64, 59 and 53 per cent respectively (median 70 months), whereas corresponding recurrence-free survival rates were 53, 32, 30 and 27 per cent (median 14 months). Recurrence developed in 28 (61 per cent) of the 46 patients, affecting the liver only in 22. Three-quarters of patients with recurrence underwent further therapy. Major hepatectomy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.37, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.14 to 0·95; P = 0·038), microvascular (HR 3·44, 1·35 to 8·74; P = 0·009) and macrovascular (HR 2·68, 1·11 to 6·43; P = 0·028) invasion, and cirrhosis (HR 3·15, 1·12 to 8·86; P = 0·029) were associated with overall survival. Microvascular invasion (HR 2·81, 1·06 to 7·40; P = 0·037), cirrhosis (HR 3·12, 1·41 to 6·88; P < 0·001) and bilobar disease (HR 2·93, 1·09 to 7·88; P = 0·033) were associated with recurrence-free survival.

Conclusion

In selected patients with multifocal HCC and well preserved liver function, long-term survival is possible after liver resection and subsequent aggressive treatment of recurrence.
Long-term outcomes after endothoracic sympathetic block at the T4 ganglion for upper limb hyperhidrosis
Authors: Panhofer P , Gleiss A , Eilenberg W H , Jakesz R , Bischof G , Neumayer C
Published: September 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results, quality of life, satisfaction and compensatory sweating after endothoracic sympathetic block at T4 (ESB4).

Methods

Patients who underwent an ESB4 procedure for palmar or palmoaxillary hyperhidrosis between 2001 and 2008 were included in a prospective study at a university hospital. Questionnaires devised by Keller and Milanez de Campos were applied to evaluate disease-specific quality of life.

Results

A total of 189 patients underwent 374 ESB4 procedures. Of 174 evaluated patients, 54 (31·0 per cent) had palmar and 120 (69·0 per cent) had palmoaxillary hyperhidrosis. Median follow-up was 92 months. In both groups, treatment successfully reduced hyperhidrosis (P < 0·001) and quality of life increased significantly after ESB4 (P < 0·001), remaining stable after 5 years. Overall satisfaction rates decreased owing to the development of compensatory sweating and recurrence during follow-up. Compensatory sweating affected 41 patients (23·6 per cent), and was severe in 11 (6·7 per cent) of 163 patients at 5-year follow-up; eight of these 11 patients had been treated for palmoaxillary sweating. The severity of compensatory sweating did not deteriorate with time. The severe recurrence rate increased to 11·0 per cent during follow-up, and was twice as common in patients treated for palmoaxillary sweating as in those treated for palmar sweating (13·2 versus 6·1 per cent respectively). Nine reoperations (5·2 per cent) were performed for persistent sweating, recurrence or compensatory sweating.

Conclusion

T4 endothoracic sympathetic clip application is safe and effective in patients with upper limb hyperhidrosis, with stable long-term improvements in quality of life.
Renal function 5 years after open and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair from a randomized trial
Authors:   DREAM Study Group, de Bruin J L , Vervloet M G , Buimer M G , Baas A F , Prinssen M , Blankensteijn J D
Published: September 2013

Background

Deterioration of renal function after major vascular surgery is an important complication, and may vary between patients undergoing endovascular (EVAR) or open surgical (OR) repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The objective was to determine the impact of OR and EVAR on renal function after 5 years.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of data collected prospectively from the Dutch Randomized Endovascular Aneurysm Management (DREAM) trial. Five years after surgery, creatinine levels were available for 189 patients (94 after OR and 95 after EVAR). The severity of renal disease was staged using the chronic kidney disease classification of the US National Kidney Foundation clinical guidelines.

Results

Using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for the entire group declined over time, with a mean(s.d.) preoperative value of 80·0(7·6) ml per min per 1·73 m2 compared with 75·7(9·7) ml per min per 1·73 m2 after 5 years (mean difference 4·2 (95 per cent confidence interval 3·2 to 5·3) ml per min per 1·73 m2; P < 0·001). Five years after surgery, the mean eGFR (CKD-EPI equation) was not significantly different between the OR and EVAR groups: 76·3(9·3) versus 75·1(10·0) ml per min per 1·73 m2 (mean difference 1·2 (−1·6 to 3·9) ml per min per 1·73 m2; P = 0·410).

Conclusion

Renal function 5 years after OR and EVAR for AAA was similar. Neither surgical procedure accelerated the loss of renal function. Registration number: NCT00421330 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
The Key Points of Highly Stable Catalysts for Methane Reforming with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Liu Hong , Guan Chengyue , Li Xuan , Cheng Liyuan , Zhao Jianbo , Xue Nianhua , Ding Weiping
Published: September 2013

Stable catalysis performance in long‐term operation is crucial for the wide‐scale industrialization of catalytic processes. The degradation of catalysts is a considerable problem for methane reforming with carbon dioxide, owing to carbon deposition on active sites and/or catalytic supports, and sintering of active components at high temperatures. With base metals and a modified alumina support, the present work has developed highly stable catalysts that operate free of coke formation and sintering of active components. Firstly, homogeneous copper‐nickel alloy nanoparticles (NPs), which have never previously been used for this purpose, were produced and then supported as catalytic centers onto alumina. The CuNi alloy catalyst with a Ni to Cu ratio of unity totally prohibits carbon deposition on active centers, while maintaining high activity for the reforming reaction. Second, the modification of alumina by coating with zirconia before supporting the CuNi alloy, drastically inhibits coke formation on the support, prevents the reaction of Cu in the alloy with alumina at high temperatures, and, therefore, promotes the stability of active alloy NPs. Additionally, after supporting the CuNi alloy NPs on zirconia‐coated alumina, the catalyst was coated with a thinner layer of zirconia to protect the CuNi NPs from sintering, while maintaining high activity. This state‐of‐the‐art catalyst is shown to be highly stable for methane reforming with carbon dioxide at high temperatures and the deactivation constant is calculated to be close to zero in a long‐term operation, even at extremely high space velocity of 120 000 mL g−1 h−1. The results are practically important to develop robust, as well as high performance, catalysts for the relevant reactions.
Updated long‐term outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with intraoperative radiotherapy at the Massachusetts General Hospital, 1978 to 2010
Authors: Cai Sophie , Hong Theodore S. , Goldberg Saveli I. , Fernandez‐del Castillo Carlos , Thayer Sarah P. , Ferrone Cristina R. , Ryan David P. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Kwak Eunice L. , Willett Christopher G. , Lillemoe Keith D. , Warshaw Andrew L. , Wo Jennifer Y.
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

In the current study, the authors evaluated long‐term outcomes, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT)‐related toxicity, and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) among patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) who received IORT as part of their treatment at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).

METHODS

Medical records were reviewed for 194 consecutive patients with unresectable LAPC who were treated with IORT at MGH between 1978 and 2010. OS was calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated at the univariate level by the log‐rank test and at the multivariate level by the Cox proportional hazards model. Rates of disease progression and treatment toxicity were calculated.

RESULTS

The 1‐year, 2‐year, and 3‐year survival rates were 49%, 16%, and 6%, respectively. Six patients (3%) survived for > 5 years. The median OS was 12.0 months. Among 183 patients with known post‐IORT disease status, the 2‐year local progression‐free survival and distant metastasis‐free survival rates were 41% and 28%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, an IORT applicator diameter ≤ 8 cm (hazards ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.30‐0.84 [P = .009]), a Charlson age‐comorbidity index ≤ 3 (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.73 [P = .001]), and receipt of chemotherapy (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.66 [P < .001]) predicted improved OS. The median OS for patients with all 3 positive prognostic factors was 21.2 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Well‐selected patients with LAPC with small tumors and low Charlson age‐comorbidity indices can achieve good long‐term survival outcomes with a treatment regimen that incorporates chemotherapy and IORT. Cancer 2013;119:4196–4204. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in effusion cytology
Authors: Paintal Ajit , Raparia Kirtee , Zakowski Maureen F. , Nayar Ritu
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) in effusion specimens is controversial. At the study institution (Northwestern University), a primary diagnosis of MM is made on fluid cytology specimens. In an effort to estimate the practice at other institutions, a survey was disseminated regarding cytologic diagnosis of MM. The authors also evaluated their own institution's experience with primary cytologic diagnosis of MM.

METHODS

Patients with MM at the study institution were identified from 1992 through 2011. Fluid cytology specimens preceding histologic diagnoses were reviewed. A survey was sent to a number of cytology laboratories to assess practice patterns regarding the diagnosis of MM.

RESULTS

At the study institution, 20 cases of MM had effusion specimens preceding the diagnostic histologic material. In 6 cases (30%), a definitive diagnosis of MM was rendered via cytology alone. There were no false‐positive diagnoses of MM. Of 55 laboratories that responded to the survey, 36 reported making a definitive diagnosis of MM after cytologic analysis. Almost all laboratories (35) willing to diagnose MM in effusions reported performing immunohistochemistry to distinguish adenocarcinoma from MM. A smaller proportion (18) of these laboratories reported doing additional immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization for p16 to help distinguish benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations. Those who do not definitively diagnose MM in fluid specimens state inability to identify invasion and overlap with reactive mesothelial proliferation as factors supporting their practice. Most respondents (32) felt that the clinicians at their institution would manage a patient based on a cytologic diagnosis of MM.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of respondents reported making a definitive diagnosis of MM in effusion cytology specimens. The diagnosis of MM in effusions, although not sensitive, is extremely specific. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:703–707. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Value of immunohistochemistry in the detection of BRAFV600E mutations in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zimmermann Anne‐Katrin , Camenisch Ulrike , Rechsteiner Markus P. , Bode‐Lesniewska Beata , Rössle Matthias
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is important in the diagnostic establishment of suspicious thyroid nodules. In thyroid neoplasms, mutation of the BRAF gene occurs rather exclusively in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and results in > 98% of the cases in V600E amino acid substitution. In the current study, the authors investigated the diagnostic value of a recently described monoclonal antibody that detects this specific mutation on FNAB specimens from patients with PTC.

METHODS

BRAFV600E status of FNAB cell blocks from 55 patients with PTC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the new BRAFV600E antibody (clone VE1) and by Sanger sequencing (SaS). In discrepant cases, ultra‐deep sequencing was also performed. Available corresponding histological specimens were investigated by IHC and, in selected cases, with SaS as well.

RESULTS

All cases yielded evaluable IHC staining results of the cell block sections with good interobserver agreement (kappa value, 0.650). Ten tumors (18.2%) demonstrated no staining, 10 tumors (18.2%) demonstrated equivocal staining, 25 tumors (45.4%) demonstrated moderate staining, and 10 tumors (18.2%) demonstrated strong staining. SaS was able to be performed in 48 cases. Nineteen cases demonstrated wild‐type BRAF and 29 cases were found to have the BRAFV600E mutation. After performing ultra‐deep sequencing 1 false‐positive and 2 false‐negative VE1 IHC cases remained, resulting in a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 93.8%.

CONCLUSIONS

BRAFV600E mutations in FNAB specimens from patients with PTC can be reliably detected in most cases by IHC with a new mutation‐specific antibody. Interpretation of VE1 IHC staining results on cell block slides of PTC can be difficult in some cases. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:48–58. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Coordination Complexes Containing Cu2I2 Units and Their Application in Luminescence and Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Huaixia , Li Xinxiong , Wang Jinyun , Li Liuyi , Wang Ruihu
Published: September 2013

The reaction of bis‐ or tris‐chelating nitrogen‐containing ligands (L1–L5) with CuI gave rise to five coordination complexes consisting of Cu2I2 dimeric units. L1 in complex 1 adopts a cis conformation and links Cu2I2 into a dinuclear structure. L2 and L3 in complexes 2 and 3 exhibit a trans conformation, and the alternative linkage of L2 or L3 and Cu2I2 results in the formation of a 1D chain. In complex 4, two pyrazolyl‐pyridine units of L4 at the same side of the central phenyl ring are connected to Cu2I2 forming a tetranuclear macrocycle, and the third pyrazolyl‐pyridine unit at the other side of the central phenyl ring further links the macrocycle into a 1D chain. L5 bridges Cu2I2 in a cis conformation forming a tetranuclear complex, which is very different from 1 owing to the difference of the electronic property between pyrazolyl and triazolyl rings. The coordination nitrogen atoms in two pairs of ortho‐positioned nitrogen‐containing chelating rings in L1 and L5 are directed toward opposite and the same directions, respectively. Complexes 1–4 containing pyrazolyl‐pyridine units showed luminescence whereas no clear emission was observed in complex 5 containing triazolyl‐pyridine units, despite the fact that they were investigated under the same conditions. The application of complexes 1–5 in the copper(I)‐catalyzed Ullmann cross‐coupling reaction and azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction was preliminarily evaluated.
Hierarchical TiO2/V2O5 Multifunctional Membrane for Water Purification
Authors: Gao Peng , Tai Ming Hang , Sun Darren Delai
Published: September 2013

Membrane technology provides a new choice to solve the looming clean water scarcity crisis. However, severe membrane fouling is a great challenge in the membrane‐based water treatment field. In this study, a new hierarchical TiO2/V2O5 multifunctional membrane was fabricated for the first time by assembling TiO2/V2O5 composites as a functional layer on top of the polymer supporting layer. Compared with conventional membranes, this multifunctional membrane is capable of concurrently filtering water and removing water pollutants to produce clean water without membrane fouling. Hence, this membrane can sustain high permeate flux for a longer period. These virtues can be attributed to the following reasons, among others: 1) low resistance of the nanofibrous functional layer, 2) enhanced light absorption and scattering of the hierarchical nanostructure, and 3) facilitated charge separation owing to the heterojunctions between TiO2 and V2O5. This novel membrane opens up a new avenue for the fabrication of a next‐generation multifunctional membrane.
Crystal cracking analysis and three‐dimensional effects during Kyropoulos sapphire growth
Authors: Fang H. S. , Wang S. , Jin Z. L. , Tian J. , Xu J. F.
Published: September 2013

Kyropoulos (Ky) method is the most suitable technique for the growth of high‐quality sapphire single crystal for substrate applications. Cracks are often observed in the grown ingot that significantly reduces industrial productivity. In the paper, cracking causes are analyzed by examining crystal shape, thermal stress and three‐dimensional effects during the stable growth of sapphire crystal. It is found that locally induced thermal stress around the shoulder of the crystal is the largest. However, thermal stress is not fully responsible for the cracks, since the predicted stress level is lower than a critical value regarding crystal cracking. Polycrystalline growth or/and other crystal defects must be another factor that degrades the critical value and makes the crystal more fragile. Simulation results further show that crystal shape has less effect on the thermal stress level, although experiments have shown that crack‐free crystals usually have smooth surfaces. The initial cracking position in the ingot predicted in simulation agrees well with experimental observation after considering crystal defects in a qualitative discussion. From the view of three‐dimensional simulation, the variation of heating condition during growth may result in high thermal stress locally that leads to the cracks at one side of the crystal. Additionally, three‐dimensionally unexpected temperature drop of the heater may be responsible for the sticking‐to‐crucible phenomenon at the shoulder region of the grown crystal.
Infant and adult visual attention during an imitation demonstration
Authors: Taylor Gemma , Herbert Jane S.
Published: September 2013

Deferred imitation tasks have shown that manipulations at encoding can enhance infant learning and memory performance within an age, suggesting that brain maturation alone cannot fully account for all developmental changes in early memory abilities. The present study investigated whether changes in the focus of attention during learning might contribute to improving memory abilities during infancy. Infants aged 6, 9, and 12 months, and an adult comparison group, watched a video of a puppet imitation demonstration while visual behavior was recorded on an eye tracker. Overall, infants spent less time attending to the video than adults, and distributed their gaze more equally across the demonstrator and puppet stimulus. In contrast, adults directed their gaze primarily to the puppet. When infants were tested for their behavioral recall of the target actions, “imitators” were shown to have increased attention to the person and decreased attention to the background compared to “non‐imitators.” These results suggest that attention during learning is related to memory outcome and that changes in attention may be one mechanism by which manipulations to the learning event may enhance infant recall memory. © 2013 The Authors. Developmental Psychobiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.. Dev Psychobiol 56: 770–782, 2014.
Asymmetry in children's salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase in the context of marital conflict: Links to children's emotional security and adjustment
Authors: Koss Kalsea J. , George Melissa R.W. , Cummings E. Mark , Davies Patrick T. , El‐Sheikh Mona , Cicchetti Dante
Published: September 2013

Recent research supports the promise of examining interactive models of physiological processes on children's adjustment. The present study investigates interactions between children's autonomic nervous system activity and adrenocortical functioning in the context of marital discord; specifically, testing models of concurrent responses proposed by Bauer et al. ([2002] Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 23:102–113) in the prediction of children's behavioral responses to conflict and adjustment. Asymmetry and symmetry in children's salivary alpha‐amylase and cortisol were examined in 195 children (M age = 8 years) in response to viewing conflict vignettes. Results were partially consistent with an interactive model in the context of high marital discord; asymmetry among higher alpha‐amylase and lower cortisol related to higher emotional insecurity and concurrent and subsequent maladjustment. In contrast, patterns of symmetrical responses were related to greater maladjustment for children exposed to lower levels of marital discord, supporting an additive model. Findings support the importance of a multisystem approach to investigating the adaptiveness of children's physiological stress responses, while also highlighting the value of considering physiological responses in the context of family risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 836–849, 2014.
Exposure to ethanol on prenatal days 19–20 increases ethanol intake and palatability in the infant rat: Involvement of kappa and mu opioid receptors
Authors: Díaz‐Cenzano Elena , Gaztañaga Mirari , Gabriela Chotro M.
Published: September 2013

Prenatal exposure to ethanol on gestation Days 19–20, but not 17–18, increases ethanol acceptance in infant rats. This effect seems to be a conditioned response acquired prenatally, mediated by the opioid system, which could be stimulated by ethanol's pharmacological properties (mu‐opioid receptors) or by a component of the amniotic fluid from gestation‐day 20 (kappa‐inducing factor). The latter option was evaluated administering non‐ethanol chemosensory stimuli on gestation Days 19–20 and testing postnatal intake and palatability. However, prenatal exposure to anise or vanilla increased neither intake nor palatability of these tastants on postnatal Day 14. In experiment 2, the role of ethanol's pharmacological effect was tested by administering ethanol and selective antagonists of mu and kappa opioid receptors prenatally. Blocking the mu‐opioid receptor system completely reversed the effects on intake and palatability, while antagonizing kappa receptors only partially reduced the effects on palatability. This suggests that the pharmacological effect of ethanol on the fetal mu opioid system is the appetitive reinforcer, which induces the prenatally conditioned preference detected in the preweanling period. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1167–1178, 2014.
Longitudinal associations between infections and atopic disorders across childhood and dysregulated adrenocortical functioning in early adolescence
Authors: Ruttle Paula L. , Serbin Lisa A. , Martin‐Storey Alexa , Stack Dale M. , Schwartzman Alex E.
Published: September 2013

The present study sought to determine if exposure to common childhood medical problems (i.e., infections and atopic disorders [e.g., allergies, asthma]) may dysregulate the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Longitudinal data from 96 youth were used to examine this possibility. Medical records were drawn from government databases indicating the frequency of visits to healthcare facilities for infections and atopic disorders from infancy to early adolescence. During early adolescence, participants provided salivary cortisol samples from awakening until bedtime over 2 consecutive days. Individuals with a history of increased number visits for infections across childhood displayed elevated levels of cortisol at awakening whereas individuals with childhood histories of visits for atopic disorders displayed blunted diurnal cortisol slopes. These findings build on previous research documenting associations between infections and atopic disorders and cortisol by identifying longitudinal linkages from early health problems to later HPA axis functioning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 897–907, 2014.