bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of Japanese Mystery Snail Cipangopaludina japonica (von Martens, 1861) in Texas
Authors: Perez Bianca J. , Segrest Averi Harp , Campos Sofia R. , Minton Russell L. , Burks Romi L.
Published: September 2016

Two Cipangopaludina snails were discovered in Harris County, Texas, USA, during routine fieldwork in October 2015. Dissection yielded one male and one female containing 52 offspring in her brood pouch. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirmed both individuals to be Cipangopaludina japonica (von Martens, 1861). This is the first distribution record of C. japonica in Texas. Non-native invasive snails, such as C. japonica, compete with native species and may serve as reservoirs for parasites, prompting the need for increased diligence in monitoring public waterways.
QUALITY MACRONUTRIENT DIET СOMPARISON OF THE RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE DIABETES TYPE II PATIENTS AND HEALTHY PERSONS
Authors: Kozonova J. , Telegenko L.
Published: September 2016

The article states that the development of insulin resistance is influenced by many parameters, however, one of the first is the increased weight. The main parameter that characterizes the degree of obesity is the body mass index. There is a direct correlation between body mass index and the probability of diabetes developing. Diabetes is a part of symptoms, metabolic syndrome. The comparative analysis of makronutrient composition of diabetic patient’s diets and healthy individuals were made. Thus, for patients with diabetes it is necessary to reduce overall caloric intake by fat and carbohydrates. It is recommended to reduce total fats by reducing saturated fatty acids at the same time to increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids. It is shown that the consumption of foods with dietary fiber (30 grams per day), reduces the need for insulin by 25 ... 50 %, and has a positive effect on blood glucose and lipids in the blood.
Tax Equity: Environmental Influences on a Policy Outcome
Authors: Webb Richard B. , Savage Robert L.
Published: September 2016

During the past two decades, political scientists and economists have contributed to our knowledge of the impacts of differing political, governmental, economic and social characteristics of jurisdictions on the policy outcomes of state and local governments (see Dye, 1979). While their findings have important implications for the distribution of public benefits according to normative criteria of fairness, the issue of equity has been largely overlooked in the empirical investigations. Nevertheless, equity and the identification of factors associated with inequity deserve attention. The extent to which citizens are treated in a discriminatory or preferential manner in violation of commonly accepted norms is an outcome that has implications for public support of governmental institutions and officials. Of equal importance, the equitable treatment of citizens by their government is itself an ultimate value which has been considered to be so important as to be enshrined in the U.S. and state constitutions.
Administrative Assistance Needs of Arkansas Local Governmment
Authors: Vanagunas Stanley , Keshawarz John
Published: September 2016

This is a summary of an Arkansas State University sponsored survey conducted in the Summer of 1983 whereby a sample of the state's county and city executives were asked about their administrative training and technical assistance needs and, generally, about the role of the universities in providing such services. Forty-nine percent (128) of the mailed questionnaires were returned. The respondents consist of 45 county and 83 city officials. Arkansas State University sponsored the study on the basis of strong evidence suggesting that academic programs in public administration are much improved through their systematic interaction with government practitioners (see bibliography). Consequently, the specific purpose of the study was to discover possible mutually productive links between ASU's program in public administration and the state's local government. The present research note reports on those aspects of the study which may be of interest to the overall Arkansas political science/public administration community.
The Uncertain Quality of Popular Opinion About Arkansas’ Delegate Selection Format
Authors: Wekkin Gary D. , Sherwood Barton L.
Published: September 2016

In the 1972 Wisconsin and Michigan presidential primaries, almost 50 percent of the Republican identifiers who went to the polls cast ballots in the Democratic contests (Wekkin, 1984: 34-39). The result was that candidates who were not mainstream Democrats - George McGovern and George Wallace-were the top two vote-getters in both contests.
Recent Trends in Institutional Confidence Among Arkansans: Updating Earlier Findings
Authors: Savage Robert L. , Darden William R.
Published: September 2016

In a study reporting on regional differences in public opinion among Arkansans in 1982, Savage and Blair (1984: 65) assert "that more altruistic, less remote, and more decentralized institutions receive stronger votes of confidence." Data from a 1984 survey of Arkansans do not contradict that assertion but do allow an assessment of trends in public confidence among citizens of the state during the early 1980’s as well as affording comparisons with confidence trends in the nation as a whole and in a sister state located in the industrial northeast.
The ‘Traditional-Dependent’ and ‘Revisionist’ Dispute on the Motivation of Females in Organizations: the Contributions of Maslow
Authors: Miller Tim R.
Published: September 2016

The women’s movement has produced profound changes in American society in recent decades, as reflected in the extent of popular and scholarly writings devoted to gender-based issues. These changes have obviously been felt in political science. Today, pertinent articles, convention sections and panels, journals and books devoted to the study of women are common and seemingly on the rise.
The Theory and Rhetoric of Liberty in Spinoza’s Political Philosophy
Authors: Chappell Larry W.
Published: September 2016

Benedict Spinoza is widely regarded as a major figure in the history of philosophy and a minor figure in the history of political philosophy. This judgment has merit. Spinoza’s political writings do not approach his Ethics in originality, penetration or influence; nor do they compare well with the writings of the great political philosophers. Nevertheless, Spinoza’s political writings reveal keen insights into problems of liberal thought. His contribution to liberal thought involves attempt to reconcile a Hobbesian conception of authority and an apparent commitment to a wide range of civil liberties.
A Note on the Extent, Operation and Results of Enterprise Zones in American States
Authors: Veasey R. Lawson , Horton Hayward D.
Published: September 2016

Since at least the early 1960s, redistributive politics and demand-side economics have formed the basis for most public programs attempting to deal with urban blight. The apparent lack of success of these policies has raised suggestions for new urban program-policies innovations based upon a different economic orientation. Enterprise Zones (EZs) are the supply-side economics alternative for dealing with urban blight. In this note, we: describe the nature of EZs and briefly their history; present reported cost-benefit effects of EZs as a result of a nationwide survey of state-administered EZ programs; discuss the variety of EZ programs across the states; and suggest the problems of administering the myriad different types of EZs among the states. Finally, we offer several questions posed by this study which will require further investigation regarding the overall impact of EZs on the subnational level.
Questions for R. K. Narayan
Authors: Brown Judith
Published: September 2016

R. K. Narayan's work has been faulted for its sidestepping of the brutal realities of colonial rule. Yet Narayan stages, in the dreaminess of his fictionalized township of Malgudi, the unwriting or undermining of the logics of language that subtend colonial rule. The author has fashioned a way to write about India that displays the vacuity of the colonial model of governance and, through his tales of failed authorship, points to something other. Emerging in his comic episodes and in his baffled protagonists is a recognition of the importance of keeping things unsettled, in suspension, or visible only in their negation. Narayan, this essay argues through a series of questions that underscore the uncertainty in his world, imagines passivity as an interruption of the progressive, purposive, and productive time that defines modernity.
Idylls of the Buddh': Buddhist Modernism and Victorian Poetics in Colonial Ceylon
Authors: Lecourt Sebastian
Published: September 2016

This essay explores how Edwin Arnold's epic poemThe Light of Asia(1879) popularized a formal analogy between Buddhism and Christianity. The poem was based on a series of missionary texts that had reshaped the Buddha's career into a close approximation of Jesus's in order to frame Buddhism as a fit object of Protestant conversion. Early anglophone readers in Sri Lanka, however, took it as evidence of Buddhism's equal stature and thus helped makeThe Light of Asiaan international best seller and a touchstone for popular Buddhist nationalisms in the twentieth century. In this way Arnold's poem allows us to develop a more complex sense both of how literary forms globalize—how a literary construct can take on global purchase precisely because readers disagree over its meaning—and of the powerful role that specific literary media play in influencing these different interpretations.
From the Cold War to the Cruelty of Violence: Jean Franco's Critical Trajectory from The Decline and Fall of the Lettered City to Cruel Modernity
Authors: Arias Arturo
Published: September 2016

The Cuban Revolution Generated a New Communist Paranoia in the United States. Interest in Latin America Grew Dramatically after Castro's rise to power in 1959 and was partly responsible for the explosive growth in the number of scholars specializing in hemispheric issues during the 1960s. Latin Americans, in turn, saw this phase of the Cold War as a furthering of imperial aggression by the United States. The Eisenhower administration's authoritarian diplomatic maneuvers to isolate Guatemala by accusing the country's democratically elected president, Jacobo Arbenz (1950-54), of being a communist and by pressuring members of the Organization of American States to do likewise had already alarmed intellectuals and artists in Latin America five years before. On 17 June 1954, Carlos Castillo Armas and a band of a few hundred mercenaries invaded the country from Honduras with logistical support from the Central Intelligence Agency in an operation code-named PBSUCCESS, authorized by President Eisenhower in August 1953. By 1 July 1954 the so-called Movement of National Liberation had taken over Guatemala. Angela Fillingim's research evidences how the United States officially viewed Guatemala as “Pre-Western,” according to “pre-established criteria,” because the Latin American country had failed to eliminate its indigenous population (5-6). Implicitly, the model was that of the nineteenth-century American West. As a solution, the State Department proposed “finishing the Conquest.”
Reimagining the Literature of the Modern Republic
Authors: Gustafson Sandra M.
Published: September 2016

Raúl Coronado'S Ambitious and Beautifully Realized Book About The Literature Of Failed Republican Revolution in Late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Texas is a major contribution to the expanding field of scholarship that recovers, contextualizes, and interprets Tatino/a writing. This wide-ranging study traces the influence of scholastic thought in Spain and Spanish America, culminating in a discussion of the resonances of that intellectual tradition after 1848, as newly conquered Tejanos faced expropriation and violence by United States Americans. Coronado shows how the ideas of Thomas Aquinas and his Spanish interpreters—notably Francisco Suárez (1548-1617), a Jesuit and the leading member of the Thomist School of Salamanca, whose ideas were broadly influential in the Hispanic world—presented a durable alternative to the liberal philosophy of John Tocke and Adam Smith. In part through Suárez's influence, the Roman Catholic concept of thecorpus mysticumfed into a distinctive vision of the modern republic that elevated thepuebloover the individual. That this alternative tradition failed initially to gain political and cultural ground explains the melancholy title of Coronado's study, while the possibility of recuperating this history as a usable past animates the project as a whole.
MicroRNA-196a/b Mitigate Renal Fibrosis by Targeting TGF-β Receptor 2
Authors: Meng Jiao , Li Limin , Zhao Yue , Zhou Zhen , Zhang Mingchao , Li Donghai , Zhang Chen-Yu , Zen Ke , Liu Zhihong
Published: September 2016

Organ-specific microRNAs have essential roles in maintaining normal organ function. However, the microRNA profile of the kidney and the role of microRNAs in modulating renal function remain undefined. We performed an unbiased assessment of the genome-wide microRNA expression profile in 14 mouse organs using Solexa deep sequencing and found that microRNA-196a (miR-196a) and miR-196b are selectively expressed in kidney, with 74.37% of mouse total miR-196a and 73.19% of mouse total miR-196b distributed in the kidneys. We confirmed the predominant expression of miR-196a/b in mouse and human kidney, particularly in the glomeruli and tubular epithelium, by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization assays. During unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced mouse renal fibrosis, renal miR-196a/b levels rapidly decreased. Elevation of renal miR-196a/b expression by hydrodynamic-based delivery of a miR-196a/b–expressing plasmid before or shortly after UUO significantly downregulated profibrotic proteins, including collagen 1 and α-smooth muscle actin, and mitigated UUO-induced renal fibrosis. In contrast, depletion of renal miR-196a/b by miR-196a/b antagomirs substantially aggravated UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Mechanistic studies further identified transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFβR2) as a common target of miR-196a and miR-196b. Decreasing miR-196a/b expression in human HK2 cells strongly activated TGF-β–Smad signaling and cell fibrosis; whereas increasing miR-196a/b levels in mouse primary cultured tubular epithelial cells inhibited TGF-β–Smad signaling. In the UUO model, miR-196a/b silenced TGF-β–Smad signaling, decreased the expression of collagen 1 and α-smooth muscle actin, and attenuated renal fibrosis. Our findings suggest that elevating renal miR-196a/b levels may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating renal fibrosis.
Polymorphisms in α-Defensin–Encoding DEFA1A3 Associate with Urinary Tract Infection Risk in Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Schwaderer Andrew L. , Wang Huanyu , Kim SungHwan , Kline Jennifer M. , Liang Dong , Brophy Pat D. , McHugh Kirk M. , Tseng George C. , Saxena Vijay , Barr-Beare Evan , Pierce Keith R. , Shaikh Nader , Manak J. Robert , Cohen Daniel M. , Becknell Brian , Spencer John D. , Baker Peter B. , Yu Chack-Yung , Hains David S.
Published: September 2016

The contribution of genetic variation to urinary tract infection (UTI) risk in children with vesicoureteral reflux is largely unknown. The innate immune system, which includes antimicrobial peptides, such as the α-defensins, encoded by DEFA1A3, is important in preventing UTIs but has not been investigated in the vesicoureteral reflux population. We used quantitative real–time PCR to determine DEFA1A3 DNA copy numbers in 298 individuals with confirmed UTIs and vesicoureteral reflux from the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) Study and 295 controls, and we correlated copy numbers with outcomes. Outcomes studied included reflux grade, UTIs during the study on placebo or antibiotics, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and renal scarring. Overall, 29% of patients and 16% of controls had less than or equal to five copies of DEFA1A3 (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.40 to 3.11; P<0.001). For each additional copy of DEFA1A3, the odds of recurrent UTI in patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis decreased by 47% when adjusting for vesicoureteral reflux grade and bowel and bladder dysfunction. In patients receiving placebo, DEFA1A3 copy number did not associate with risk of recurrent UTI. Notably, we found that DEFA1A3 is expressed in renal epithelium and not restricted to myeloid-derived cells, such as neutrophils. In conclusion, low DEFA1A3 copy number associated with recurrent UTIs in subjects in the RIVUR Study randomized to prophylactic antibiotics, providing evidence that copy number polymorphisms in an antimicrobial peptide associate with UTI risk.
Comparing Voluntary and Mandatory Gameplay
Authors: Kuindersma Esther , Van der Pal Jelke , Van den Herik Jaap , Plaat Aske
Published: September 2016

Gameplay is commonly considered to be a voluntary activity. Game designers generally believe that voluntary gameplay is essentially different from mandatory gameplay. Such a belief may be a challenge for serious games, as instruction is usually mandatory. The article describes the outcomes of two experiments on the impact of voluntariness on the learning effect and enjoyment of a serious game. In the first experiment freedom of choosing to play a serious game was studied, with participants who had volunteered to participate. The results suggested that, contrary to the opinion of many game designers, being required to play a serious game does not automatically take the fun out of the game. The second experiment had voluntary participants and mandatory participants, who had to participate as part of a homework assignment. The outcomes show that mandatory participants enjoyed the game as much as the voluntary participants, even if they had to play the game for a minimum required time. These studies indicate that mandatory gameplay does not reduce enjoyment and learning effect.
Die rolpersepsies van opvoedkundige tolke in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Kotzé H
Published: September 2016

In hierdie artikel word verslag gelewer oor ŉ gedeelte van 'n studie wat die rol van die opvoedkundige tolk ondersoek het (Kotze 2012; 2014). Die studie het onder meer bevind dat daar ŉ teenstrydigheid bestaan tussen normatief-korrekte rolvervulling en die werklike rolvervulling van opvoedkundige tolke. Die onderhawige artikel het spesifiek ten doel om vas te stel wat die rede(s) vir hierdie teenstrydigheid is. Dit word gedoen deur die ontleding van kwalitatiewe data wat ondersoek ingestel het na die rolpersepsies van opvoedkundige tolke. Die data is ondersoek vir temas wat verband hou met die rolvervulling van opvoedkundige tolke, om vas te stel waarom opvoedkundige tolke spesifieke rolvervullingskeuses maak. Drie afleidings word uit hierdie ondersoek gemaak: Die eerste is dat Niska (2002:137-138) se rolpiramiede vir gemeenskapstolking en Kotzé (2014:141) se betoog om 'n meer dinamiese rolmodel vir opvoedkundige tolking bevestig en ook gemotiveer word. Tweedens word die rolkeuse van die opvoedkundige tolk beïnvloed deur die nabyheid ("proximity") van die kommunikasiegenote binne die tolkgeleentheid, omdat daar faktore betrokke is soos lyftaal, verhoudings wat ontwikkel tussen die partye in die tolksituasie, en die opvoedkundige tolk se verantwoordelikheidsin (Olivier 2008:110). Derdens blyk dit dat tolke steeds opgelei word om die kanaalrol as rigtinggewend te beskou. Dit wil voorkom asof die kanaalrol - wanneer dit voorskriftelik aanbeveel word - deur die opvoedkundige tolk as te beperkend ervaar kan word en dat dit selfs verwarring kan veroorsaak. Daar word dus aangevoer dat die opvoedkundige tolk, vanweë die uniekheid van sy tolksituasie, eerder ŉ meer dinamiese rolmodel (soos voorgestel deur Kotzé 2014:127-145) geleer behoort te word, om die uitdagings van opvoedkundige tolking sodoende beter die hoof te bied.
Die ervaring van aktiewe betrokkenheid by ŉ aanlyn Facebook-ondersteuningsgroep as ŉ vorm van ondersteuning vir individue wat met Meervoudige Sklerose gediagnoseer is
Authors: Pretorius C
Published: September 2016

Hierdie studie benut 'n kwalitatiewe metodologie om 'n grootliks onverkende onderwerp, nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar wêreldwyd te ondersoek. Bestaande navorsing oor ondersteuningsnetwerke vir mense met meervoudige sklerose (MS) is beperk. Die doel van die studie was om die ervarings van aktiewe betrokkenheid by ŉ aanlyn Facebook-ondersteuningsgroep vir individue wat met MS gediagnoseer is, te ondersoek. Die studie fokus spesifiek op die hulpbronne, asook die uitdagings verbonde aan die aktiewe betrokkenheid by hierdie groep. Tematiese ontleding is gebruik om tien semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met individue wat met MS gediagnoseer is en aktief by ŉ aanlyn Facebook-ondersteuningsgroep betrokke is, te ontleed. Verskeie temas het in die studie na vore gekom. Die temas sluit verskeie vorms van ondersteuning in, naamlik emosionele, instrumentele, inligtings- en waarderingsondersteuning sowel as sosiale kameraadskap. ŉ Aantal uitdagings is ook geïdentifiseer en sluit emosionele uitdagings, beperkte inligting, onderlinge vergelyking en ŉ behoefte aan persoonlike kontak in. Hierdie studie is die eerste van dié aard en voorsien dus ŉ platform om MS-lyers se ervarings van aanlyn ondersteuningsgroepe te verstaan. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie ondersteun verder oor die algemeen wat in die bestaande literatuur rapporteer word oor die ervarings van mense met ander kroniese siektetoestande en dra dus by tot die beperkte navorsing wat tot op hede daaroor beskikbaar is. Laasgenoemde kan heel moontlik gesien word as een van die belangrikste bydraes van hierdie studie, gegewe die eksponensiële groei in die gebruik van aanlyn ondersteuningsgroepe onder mense met verskeie kroniese siektetoestande wêreldwyd. Dit is my hoop dat die perspektiewe van die MS-lyers wat aangebied is in hierdie studie sal voortgaan om bewustheid te verhoog oor hierdie degeneratiewe toestand en verder ŉ opvoedkundige bydrae sal lewer tot die medici, familie en vriende van diegene met MS. Op ŉ praktiese vlak kan hierdie studie veral ŉ bydrae lewer tot gesondheidsorgwerkers wat met MS-lyers werk, deur hulle in te lig oor die waarde wat hierdie tipe van aanlyn ondersteuningsgroep vir MS-lyers kan hê. Die gesondheidsorgwerkers kan weer mense met MS aanmoedig om deel te neem aan hierdie tipe aanlyn ondersteuningsgroepe en sodoende ŉ positiewe bydrae maak tot die ondersteuning wat hulle ontvang.
Características fermentativas e composição química da silagem de capim tanzânia com aditivos
Authors: Melo M. J. A. F. , Backes A. A. , Fagundes J. L. , Melo M. T. , Silva G. P. , Freire A. P. L.
Published: September 2016

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características fermentativas e a composição química da silagem de capim Tanzânia tratada com aditivos. Utilizaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: silagem sem aditivo (SSA); silagem com 2,17% de calcário (SCA); silagem com 2,17% de ureia (SUR); silagem com associação de aditivos: silagem com 7,5% de fubá de milho, 5,3% melaço em pó, 1,1% ureia, 1,1% calcário (SA1); silagem com 10% de fubá de milho, 2,93% de melaço em pó, 1,1% ureia, 0,97% calcário (SA2). Com a utilização dos aditivos todas as silagens apresentaram médias maiores de pH em relação a silagem sem aditivo. Entretanto, isso não afetou negativamente a qualidade fermentativa das silagens. A acidez titulável da silagem SSA foi maior (7,84) em relação à SUR (3,28), SCA (4,80), SA1 (3,30) e SA2 (3,80).Ã€ exceção da silagem com ureia, todas as silagens apresentaram médias inferiores a 10% de nitrogênio amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total, indicando bom perfil fermentativo. A perda de efluentes (P<0,005) foi menor para as silagens aditivadas, com valores de 22,5; 12,1; 12,3; 7,85 kg/t para SCA, SUR, SA1 e SA2, respectivamente, comparada à silagem SSA (46,1 kg/t). Teores de matéria seca, nutrientes digestíveis totais e carboidratos não fibrosos aumentaram com a inclusão dos aditivos e os teores de fibra em detergente neutro e hemicelulose reduziram. A disgestibilidade da matéria seca foi superior nas silagens SA1 e SA2 (45,8% e 44,4%, respectivamente) em comparação as demais, e a silagem SA2 não diferiu da SSA (43,4%). Associação entre aditivos químicos e orgânicos apresenta efeito sinérgico positivo para reduzir perdas por efluentes, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, além de elevar a digestibilidade da matéria seca proporcionando, dessa forma, maior disponibilidade dos nutrientes, o que confere a essas silagens um produto final de boa qualidade.
Strategies of rotational stocking management on weight gain and productivity of heifers grazing on marandu palisade grass
Authors: Lima M. L. P. , Simili F. F. , Vercesi Filho A. E. , Ribeiro E. G. , Giacomini A. , Paz C. C. P. , Silveira J. M. C. , Roma Júnior L. C.
Published: September 2016

Pasture management can affect plant growth and interfere with the performance of the animals or the productivity of the production system. Marandu palisade grass swards subjected to year-round grazing by crossbred heifers were evaluated. Three stocking systems were tested: 1) a grazing cycle of 28 days (T28d); 2) when the sward reached a pre-grazing height of 30 cm (T0.3m), and 3) when the sward reached a pre-grazing height of 30 cm under irrigation (T-irrig0.3m). Heifers from treatments T28d and T0.3m were supplemented with dry matter at 1% of BW during winter. Statistical was a completely randomized block split-plot design. The light interception (LI) was higher (P<0.001) for T-irrig0.3m during winter. A lower leaf area index (LAI, P<0.001) was found for T28d, and T0.3m during winter and for T0.3m during autumn. There was an effect of stocking systems (P=0.0055), season (P<0.001) and interaction (P<0.0001) on weight gain (WG), stocking rate and productivity. The lowest WG was obtained in winter for the T-irrig0.3m treatment. The mean WG was 0.45, 0.49 and 0.43 kg/day for T28d, T0.3m and T-irrig0.3m, respectively. Lower productivity (P=0.0155) was observed for T28d when compared to T0.3m and T-irrig0.3m. The productivity rates were 662.2, 741.7 and 758.3 kg WG/ha, per season for T28d, T0.3m and T-irrig0.3m,respectively.
Avaliação nutritiva da silagem de cártamo, produção de biomassa, grãos e óleo
Authors: Possenti R. A. , Arantes A. M. , Brás P. , Andrade J. B. , Ferrari Júnior E.
Published: September 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar o valor nutritivo da biomassa de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorium L) submetida à ensilagem em três tratamentos. Foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes com ovinos e determinada a composição química e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (MS) na biomassa e nas silagens obtidas. Também foram quantificadas as produções de MS, grãos e óleo por hectare da cultura do cártamo, sendo a produção de MS de 12,4±4,9 t/ha; grãos de 2,9±1,5 t/ha e a de óleo bruto de 0,7 ±0,2 t/ha. Os tratamentos aplicados à biomassa para ensilagem foram: CiN = cártamo ensilado in natura; CE= cártamo emurchecido (duas horas de exposição ao sol); CPC= cártamo + 5% polpa cítrica. A composição química das silagens nos tratamentos CiN, CE e CPC foi 10,80; 11,15 e 10,07% de proteína bruta (PB), 55,22; 55,40 e 52,20% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e 55,60; 53,45 e 57,87% de digestibilidade in vitro da MS, respectivamente. O ensaio foi feito em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, utilizando-se o peso dos animais como blocos. A digestibilidade aparente da MS das silagens foi 55,96; 55,54 e 57,94%, e de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) de 57,62; 57,49; 57,87%, respectivamente para os tratamentos CiN, CE e CPC. Os resultados indicam que o cártamo conservado como silagem pode ser utilizado na dieta de ruminantes como alternativa a volumosos de qualidade, entretanto os tratamentos utilizados para a ensilagem da biomassa não apresentaram diferenças que justifiquem sua aplicação no que diz respeito às avaliações fisico-químicas, consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes das silagens.
Análise da relação benefício-custo em sistema de produção de leite com animais mestiços no Norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Costa M. D. , Ruas J. R.M. , Rodriguez M. A. P. , Nogueira T. M. , Venturini R. P.
Published: September 2016

O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de estimar o custo de produção de animais com diferentes proporções de genes da raca holandesa e a rentabilidade anual por vaca em rebanho no Norte de Minas Gerais por meio de simulação. Foram utilizadas as informações do arquivo zootécnico da Fazenda Queluz, situada em Francisco Sá, MG, Brasil, durante o período de 2007 a 2012. O sistema de produção da fazenda consiste de vacas cruzadas Holandês x Zebu (HZ), de composições genéticas variando de 1/4 HZ até 7/8 HZ. A receita total por animal, rentabilidade anual por vaca e variação da rentabilidade foram estimadas no decorrer dos anos, de acordo com a composição genética. As vacas 7/8 HZ apresentaram maior receita com a produção de leite, mas a rentabilidade estimada foi 7,75% da receita total, seguida pelas vacas 3/4 HZ, que também mostraram 4,11% de rentabilidade. Por outro lado, os animais 3/8 HZ tiveram a maior rentabilidade, seguida pelos animais 1/4 HZ e 1/2 HZ. No decorrer dos anos observou-se inversão da composição genética do rebanho. Em 2007, 64% das vacas do rebanho eram 7/8 HZ, e em 2012 os animais 7/8 HZ foram substituídos por animais 1/4 HZ, 3/8 HZ e 1/2 HZ, perfazendo o total de 90% dos genótipos. Apesar da maior produção dos animais com maior proporção de genes da raça holandesa, observou que a mudança do rebanho para vacas com maior proporção de genes de raças zebuínas leiteiras proporcionou aumento da rentabilidade, fato que pode ser atribuído a maior eficiência econômica deste genótipo.
Expressão da laminina 332 em vasos de carcinomas de células escamosas orais
Authors: De Angeli Lorena , Marques Letícia Côgo , Reid-Silva Eline Manhães , Pacheco Marcos Da Silva , Coburn Karla Loureiro de Almeida , Bautz Willian Grassi , Barros Liliana Aparecida Pimenta de , Gama-de-Souza Letícia Nogueira da
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Analisar expressão da cadeia ?2 da laminina 332 na membrana basal de vasos de carcinoma de células escamosas orais (CCE) e seu aspecto de continuidade para detecção de possíveis processos invasivos vasculares, importante evento na progressão da doença. Ainda, associar os aspectos clínicos do paciente e da lesão com os achados microscópicos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada técnica imuno-histoquímica para detecção da cadeia ?2 da laminina 332 em 16 casos de CCE, sendo oito Bem Diferenciado e oito Moderadamente Diferenciado. Os aspectos microscópicos avaliados foram expressão da molécula na membrana basal de vasos e o seu aspecto de continuidade. Possíveis associações entre dados clínicos e achados microscópicos foram avaliadas. Resultados: Um total de 15 casos (93,75%) apresentaram vasos com expressão da cadeia ?2. Em CCE Bem Diferenciados, 85,71% das lesões apresentaram vasos com perda de continuidade da membrana basal, enquanto que em CCE Moderadamente Diferenciados 100% dos casos tiveram vasos com esse aspecto. Em relação às associações entre aspectos clínicos e integridade da membrana basal vascular, nos CCE Bem Diferenciados foram observadas correlações positivas da perda de continuidade com o gênero e idade acima de 60 anos (p < 0,0001). Para CCE Moderadamente Diferenciado, as associações foram com gênero masculino (p < 0,0001), hábito de fumar (p < 0,0001) e idade < 60 anos (p < 0,0001). Conclusão: Nossos dados sugerem que a expressão da cadeia ?2 em estruturas vasculares está presente em lesões de CCE e pode estar associada ao comportamento mais agressivo da doença.
Critérios clínicos para decisão entre substituição ou reparo de restaurações em resina composta – revisão de literatura
Authors: Ribeiro Mariana Dias Flor , Pazinatto Flávia Bittencourt
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou analisar os critérios USPHS e USPHS modificados e oferecer subsídios para a decisão clínica entre o reparo e a substituição das restaurações em resina composta. Material e Métodos: Utilizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico através do Portal de Periódicos CAPES, PubMed, Cochrane e Medline utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: USPHS, avaliação clínica, resina composta, restauração dental permanente. A partir dessa pesquisa, foram selecionados trabalhos publicados entre 2000 e 2016. Resultados: Os estudos avaliados indicaram que os critérios mais prevalentes nas restaurações insatisfatórias são “cáries secundárias” e “perda da forma anatômica”. Além disso, a maioria dos estudos avaliados indica o reparo de restaurações com falhas pequenas e localizadas como estratégia para o aumento da longevidade das restaurações em resina composta. Conclusão: Os critérios USPHS auxiliam na correta decisão clínica entre substituição ou reparo de restaurações em resina composta. O reparo de compósitos é uma alternativa que deve ser realizada sempre que possível.
Desafios na distinção de lesões de Líquen Plano Oral e Reação Liquenóide
Authors: Werneck Juliana Tristão , Miranda Felipe Baars de , Silva Junior Arley
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura apresentando características clínicas e histopatológicas que possam ajudar o profissional a caracterizar e diferenciar o líquen plano oral da reação liquenoide. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados artigos em português e inglês, em humanos, de 2000 até os dias atuais,

nos bancos de dados da PubMed / MEDLINE e BVS. Resultados: Foram obtidos 404 artigos e foram selecionados 16, sendo 11 com ênfase nas características clínicas e histopatológicas simultaneamente; três com características clínicas; três com características histopatológicas. Conclusão: As características clínicas e histopatológicas do LPO e da RLO são bastante semelhantes, existindo apenas pequenas diferenças que podem auxiliar na sua diferenciação.
Management of late dental trauma healing complications in primary teeth: a case report of 3 years follow-up
Authors: Alencar Nashalie Andrade de , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , Barros Jacckeline , Costa Maria da Encarnação P. Requejo da , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: September 2016

Objective: This case reports the management of late healing complications in primary teeth after dental trauma. Case Report: A 6-year-old girl was referred to the pediatric dentistry clinic with a huge swelling associated with her anterior maxillary left-side region as a main complaint. Her mother reported a traumatic injury in the affected tooth one year before. The clinical exam revealed a noncomplicated fracture and an extensive abscess, both radiographically associated with the left maxillary central incisor. Additionally, pulp obliteration in its homologous tooth was observed. The abscessed tooth was extracted and the homologous tooth was maintained, the child was followed up for three years. No crown or root pathological alterations were observed in either erupted permanent successors. Conclusion: Traumatic injury in the primary teeth may show no initial healing complication however, the follow up and treatment of acute healing complications is essential until the eruption of the permanent tooth.
Merger, Acquisition and Employees’ Work Attitude After Bank Reform in Nigeria
Authors: PAM VICTOR DUNG , DOKOTRI JOHN , EZEKIEL JIDONG DUNG
Published: September 2016

The increasing wave of merger and acquisition in organizations are global experiences and especially in Nigeria since significant banking reforms of 2005, which has created challenges over the years to policy makers, management practitioners, organizational researchers and consultants over the failure of the survival of most of these corporate marriages at post-merger and acquisition. This study examined the differential effects of the feelings and beliefs of retained employees on conditions of merger and acquisition caused by changes of reforms with the view to investigate their effects on work attitude. Using organizational commitment scale (OCS) and job satisfaction scale (JSS) , 280 participants with 140 each on conditions of merger and acquisition were assessed. There were 151 males and 129 females of the age ranged between 25 to 51 years, represented across the banks and selected by means of purposive sampling. A hypothesis was examined at .05 significant levels using the t-test. Result of the prediction that more significant effects in acquired than merged banks on employees’ reactions on measures of work attitude after bank reforms was significant, t (278) = 3.939, p < .05. The result of the study suggests that merger and acquisition are differential effects of separates qualities of marriage with different resultant effects. The implication reveals that there is more positive work attitude in merged than acquired banks.
Turkish Approach to Isil, Syria And The Kurdish Region
Authors: Huseynova Ulviyya
Published: September 2016

There have been large-scale complaints lately regarding the relationship between Turkey and the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The basis of the mentioned allegations shows that Turkey is unwilling to take very strict measures regarding the security threat over its borders. This research paper examines the Turkish dilemma fighting against the ISIL threat and the contribution of Turkish policy in support of fighting ISIL. In recent meetings, U.S. officials mentioned that Turkey has made a mistake in the past with its borders. They criticize Turkey’s delayed reaction and failure to react strongly against ISIL, but that does not imply that Turkey supports a terrorist group or organization. Furthermore, Ankara has always argued that the rebels from Syria should be supported and moderated. But this point of reaction, which is even supported by the West, makes it impossible to differentiate between the 2 camps. The cross-over of arms as well, e.g. to control the deliveries of arms, is impossible to moderate. Turkey tries to keep away the emerging anti –ISIL coalition and does not support an attack on the group. It has been argued in the international view that Turkey cannot become a regional power without joining the fighting coalition against ISIL threat. However, the West and regional countries are trying to understand the Turkish reaction and they are concerned.
Posterlet: A Game-Based Assessment of Children's Choices to Seek Feedback and to Revise
Authors: Cutumisu Maria , Blair Kristen Pilner , Chin Doris B. , Schwartz Daniel Lewis
Published: September 2016

We introduce one instance of a game-based assessment designed to measure students’ self-regulated learning choices. We describe our overarching measurement strategy and we present Posterlet, an assessment game in which students design posters and learn graphic design principles from feedback. We designed Posterlet to assess children’s choices to seek informative negative feedback and to revise their work. Middle-school students from New York and Illinois played Posterlet and then took a post-test, for an overall average of 17 minutes of interaction time. Results showed that the frequency of choosing negative feedback and revision correlated with learning graphic design principles from the game. Seeking negative feedback, but less so revision, further correlated with standardized achievement tests of reading and mathematics. Our research presents a first-of-kind behavioural measure of students’ feedback and revision choices and their relations to learning. Within the design context of creating posters, we found correlational evidence that seeking negative feedback and revising are good behaviours for self-regulated learning, and we devised a way to measure these behaviours. This sets the stage for developing and evaluating models of self-regulated learning instruction that help students choose to seek feedback effectively and revise accordingly.
SIMULAÇÃO DO GERADOR EÓLICO DUPLAMENTE ALIMENTADO QUANDO SUBMETIDO À VARIAÇÃO DA VELOCIDADE DO VENTO
Authors: Ramos Emanuel Philipe Pereira Soares , Silva Arlete Vieira da
Published: September 2016

A demanda de energia elétrica no mundo é crescente. A eletricidade é fundamentalmente importante para o desenvolvimento social e econômico de nações, tornando investimentos em energia altamente necessários. Com o aumento das turbinas eólicas ligadas à rede de energia e com o aumento de produtores independentes de energia renovável, estudos relacionados à melhor estratégia de controle se tornam indispensáveis. Este trabalho apresenta o comportamento do gerador de indução duplamente alimentado (GIDA) exposto à variação da velocidade do vento incidente em sua hélice. O trabalho é apresentado através de simulações utilizando MatLab/Simulink. O controle exemplificado no trabalho atua na angulação das pás do gerador.
FLUXOS E SALDOS MIGRATÓRIOS DOS MUNICÍPIOS DA MICRORREGIÃO DE TEÓFILO OTONI 1986-1991 E 1995-2000
Authors: Costa Cláudia Cristina Rios Caxias da
Published: September 2016

O fenômeno migratório pode ser entendido com um evento vital regulador ou integrador das organizações populacionais, que se vinculam a uma estrutura social historicamente dada. Normalmente, fatores econômicos são decisivos nos movimentos migratórios, e diante desta hipótese, faz-se necessário articular migração e economia regional para que a complexidade desse fenômeno, bem como as suas nuances, possa ser evidenciada e compreendida. Assim, por ser reconhecida no Estado de Minas Gerais como “bolsão de pobreza” e “região problema”, a Microrregião de Teófilo Otoni, foi eleita como objeto de estudo deste artigo, por configura-se também, como uma região historicamente rica em pormenores socioeconômicos. Comparando-se os quinquênios 1986/91 e 1995/2000 (Censos Demográficos de 1991 e 2000), procurou-se obter uma análise continuada da migração envolvendo os municípios que fazem parte dessa microrregião, evidenciando as áreas de origem e destino dos fluxos migratórios a ela relacionados. A análise desses fluxos e dos saldos migratórios verificados nesse espaço geográfico, sobremaneira subsidiadas por informações acerca das dimensões emprego e renda, saúde e educação – extraídas do Índice de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM, 2000) - denotou que a atratividade econômica é de fato um fator determinante para os eventos migratórios.
BIORREMOÇÃO DE FENANTRENO POR BIOMASSA VIVA E INATIVADA CUNNINGHAMELLA ELEGANS UCP0542
Authors: Silva Marta Cristina Freitas , Antunes Adriana Almeida , Lins Clarissa Isabel Matos , Parente Antonio Helder , Pereira Sônia Valéria , Campos-Takaki Galba Maria
Published: September 2016

Realizou-se estudos avaliando a ação da biomassa viva e inativada de Cunninghamella elegans crescida, visando à remoção do hidrocarboneto aromático policíclico fenantreno. Monitorou-se o processo de remoção do fenantreno a cada 24 h por espectrofotometria, de acordo com um planejamento fatorial completo de 22 e, como variáveis independentes 0,1 e 0,2 mM de fenantreno, na presença de 0,6, 3,3 e 6% de glicose e variável resposta o conteúdo de fenantreno removido. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que tanto a biomassa inativada como viva removeram, respectivamente, 90,0% e 82,0% a concentração de 0,2mM de fenantreno na presença da menor concentração de glicose (0,6%). A biomassa inativada de C. elegans demonstrou ser um sorbente com elevado potencial biotecnológico para a remediação de áreas poluídas com hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos.

Abstract

Studies were carried out evaluating the action of the life and inactivated biomass of Cunninghamella elegans grown to removal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene. The removal process was monitored each 24h by spectrophotometry, de acordo com according to full factorial design 2 2 , and independent variables the phenanthrene concentrations [0.1 and 0.2 mM], and the content of phenanthrene removed as variable response.The results showed that both inactivated and live biomass from C. elegans removed 85.0% and 90.0%, respectively, of phenantrene of 0.2 mM on glucose (0.6) concentration. The inactivated biomass from C. elegans shows a sorbent with high biotechnological potential for bioremediation of polluted area with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
SECAGEM DA BATATA YACON (SMALLANTHUS SONCHIFOLIUS) UTILIZANDO MICROONDAS
Authors: Silva Sérgio Luís Marcussi Vitor da , Seara Luciana Maria , Charbel Andrea Teixeira
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal estudar os parâmetros de operação do processo de secagem do tubérculo de Yacon usando energia eletromagnética na freqüência de microondas. A desidratação é um meio de preservar e conservar os alimentos de forma segura e ainda manter estavelmente suas propriedades. Os tubérculos de Yacon apresentam a característica de armazenar em suas raízes, em vez de amido, frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) como fonte de reserva de energia. Os frutooligossacarídeos são fibras e têm propriedades pré-bióticas, fator enriquecedor do valor nutricional dos alimentos. As variáveis estudadas foram a exaustão do ar da câmera do forno de microondas, a potência aplicada à carga de batatas (750 W e 350 W) e a temperatura do ar de secagem (30 ºC e 60 ºC). Pôde-se concluir que a variação da potência resultou em diferenças significativas na cinética do processo que, em aproximadamente 35 min, reduziu a umidade da batata Yacon de 91,8 % até 5 %.. Os dados experimentais, referentes à variação da umidade ao longo do tempo, foram ajustados a uma equação Gaussiana, que se mostrou adequada para representar o processo. A tecnologia de secagem por meio de microondas constitui um método prático para a introdução dos frutooligossacarídeos na dieta da população.

Abstract

The present work has as main objective to study the operating parameters of the drying process Yacon tuber using electromagnetic energy in the microwave frequency. Dehydration is a means of preserving and storing food safely and stably while maintaining their properties. The Yacon tubers have the feature store in its roots, instead of starch, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as a source of backup power. Fructooligosaccharides are fibers and have prebiotic properties, a factor enriching the nutritional value of foods. The variables studied were the exhaust air from the camera of the microwave oven, the power applied to the load of potatoes (750 W and 350 W) and drying air temperature (30 °C and 60 °C). It was concluded that the change in power resulted in significant differences in the kinetics of the process in approximately 35 min, reduced moisture Yacon potato 91.8% to 5%. The experimental data relating to humidity variation over time were adjusted to a gaussian equation which was adequate to represent the process. The technology of drying by microwaves is a practical method for the introduction of fructooligosaccharides in the brazilian diet.
Development of energy bar utilizing potato extrudates
Authors: Gir Namrata Ankush , Mridula D.
Published: September 2016

Energy bars were developed using different levels of potato extrudates (0-30%) with sweeteners (45-55%), rolled oats, puffed rice, defatted soy flour and milk powder. The potato extrudates were prepared by mixing potato paste having moisture content 30% with wheat grits having moisture content 8% in the ratio of 20:80 respectively. The developed energy bars were analyzed for colour, nutritional quality and sensory attributes. Different levels of potato extrudates and sweeteners significantly affected the hua and chroma values of the energy bars. The increasing levels of potato extrudates and sweeteners (specially honey) significantly increased moisture content of energy bar. The protein content was increased significantly with increasing level of potato extrudates but found decreased with increasing level of sweeteners. The energy bar containing 20% potato extrudates and 50% sweeteners was found most sensory acceptable by panel members and it provided 8.38% protein, 2.36% crude fiber, 73.67% carbohydrates and 343.03kcal energy which also stored well at refrigeration condition.