bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplified design concept for slender masonry walls / Vereinfachter Stabilitätsnachweis knickgefährdeter Mauerwerkswände
Authors: Graubner Carl‐Alexander , Förster Valentin
Published: December 2015

The verification of safety against buckling of unreinforced masonry walls according to the accurate design procedure of EN 1996‐1‐1 Appendix G is based on semi‐empirical approaches, which do not always realistically describe the load‐bearing behaviour. This statement is also supported by an objection of the country Denmark concerning the load capacity function which is regulated in Appendix G. Using new findings about the effects of non‐linear material behaviour in case of stability failure this article investigates fundamental questions about the buckling behaviour of masonry walls and transfers these into a simple practical structural design proposal. As a result, the load capacity function can be considerably simplified, the influence of creep can be integrated and the number of input parameters can be reduced.
Dose‐dependent effects of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage adhesion and migration
Authors: Osma‐Garcia Inés C. , Punzón Carmen , Fresno Manuel , Díaz‐Muñoz Manuel D.
Published: December 2015

Macrophage migration to the focus of infection is a hallmark of the innate immune response. Macrophage spreading, adhesion, and migration through the extracellular matrix require dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton associated to integrin clustering in podosomes and focal adhesions. Here, we show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the main prostaglandin produced by macrophages during inflammation, promote the distinctive dose‐dependent formation of podosomes or focal adhesions in macrophages. Low concentrations of PGE2 increased p110γ PI3K expression, phosphorylation of actin‐related protein 2, and formation of podosomes, which enhanced macrophage migration in response to chemokines. However, high doses of PGE2 increased phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase, the expression of serine/threonine protein kinase 1, and promoted focal adhesion formation and macrophage adhesion, reducing macrophage chemotaxis. In summary, we describe the dual role of PGE2 as a promoter of macrophage chemotaxis and adhesion, proposing a new model of macrophage migration to the inflammatory focus in the presence of a gradient of PGE2.
Fifty Years of π‐Conjugated Triaz­enes
Authors: Patil Siddappa , Bugarin Alejandro
Published: December 2015

This microreview describes synthetic methodologies, properties, and applications of π‐conjugated triazenes, derived from coupling of different N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), following reactions with diverse azides. Recently, promising results have been achieved by utilizing such triazenes in a variety of important organic transformations. These early accomplishments clearly emphasize the great potential of utilizing π‐conjugated triazenes in diverse fields of research. Specifically, synthesis of new organic molecules containing N‐heterocycles and azide moieties for applications into organic chemistry and material science are highlighted herein. In summary, this microreview encompasses fifty years of π‐conjugated triazenes (1965–2015) chemistry.
The effects of ciprofloxacin on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Zivna Dana , Plhalova Lucie , Chromcova Lucie , Blahova Jana , Prokes Miroslav , Skoric Misa , Marsalek Petr , Praskova Eva , Stepanova Stanislava , Svobodova Zdenka
Published: December 2015

The authors performed a toxicity test with ciprofloxacin in fertilized eggs of common carp according to guideline 210 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The tested concentrations were 1 μg L−1, 100 μg L−1, 500 μg L−1, 1000 μg L−1, and 3000 μg L−1. Accelerated hatching was found in all groups exposed to ciprofloxacin, but significant growth reduction was found only in the group exposed to the highest concentration (3000 μg L−1). Increased numbers of macroscopic morphological anomalies were observed on day 6 of the test (after hatching). The highest numbers of macroscopic morphological anomalies were observed in the groups of free embryos and larvae exposed to ciprofloxacin concentrations of 100 μg L−1, 500 μg L−1, 1000 μg L−1, and 3000 μg L−1 (20−23% of tested samples). A gradual decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity was detected in all experimental groups exposed to ciprofloxacin, but significant differences (p < 0.01) were found only in groups treated with 500 μg L−1 and 3000 μg L−1. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase exhibited increased activity in most of the tested concentrations (p < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively), whereas decreased glutathione reductase activity was found in the groups exposed to ciprofloxacin concentrations of 500 μg L−1 and 3000 μg L−1 (p < 0.05). The concentration of thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in all experimental groups exposed to ciprofloxacin. The lowest-observed-effect concentration of ciprofloxacin was 1 μg L−1. These results suggest that hatching, early ontogeny, occurrence of morphological anomalies, antioxidant and biotransformation enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation in fish can be affected by ciprofloxacin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1733–1740. © 2015 SETAC
Fluid interface detection technique based on neighborhood particles centroid deviation (NPCD) for particle methods
Authors: Tsukamoto Marcio Michiharu , Cheng Liang‐Yee , Motezuki Fabio Kenji
Published: December 2015

Particle‐based CFD methods are powerful approaches to investigate free surface, multiphase flows, and fluid structure interaction problems because of their ability of tracking moving fluid interface even with huge deformations or fragmentation and merging. However, many fluid interface particle detection techniques are simple to implement but with low accuracy or provide relatively good detection results at complicated implementation cost or higher computational time. In case of incompressible flow simulation methods solving the Poisson equation of pressure, such as the moving particle semi‐implicit method, boundary particles detection techniques' accuracy affects precision and stability of pressure computation and interaction between fluid phases. In the present work, a new fluid interface particle detection technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of the boundary particles detection and keep the implementation easy. Denominated as the neighborhood particles centroid deviation technique, it is a two‐criteria technique based on the particle number density and the neighborhood particles weighted geometric center deviation. Compared with other techniques, the proposed neighborhood particles centroid deviation technique shows the best results by eliminating false interface particles inside the fluid domain and keeping the interface particles layer thin and regular. As a result, relatively stable pressure time histories and more consistent pressure and velocity fields are achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing College Completion for Latino/as in Community Colleges: Leadership and Strategy
Authors: González Kenneth P.
Published: December 2015

This chapter discusses college completion for Latino/as who attend community colleges and the role of leadership in promoting completion. The chapter also provides a number of lessons for success drawn from the national initiative, Achieving the Dream.
Financial Aid in Hispanic‐Serving Institutions: Aligning Resources with HSI Commitments
Authors: Venegas Kristan M.
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature related to Hispanic‐serving institutions and financial aid. Based on this review, a framework for guiding HSIs that considers the role of financial aid in meeting the needs of Latino/a students is suggested.
Moving Forward: Future Directions for Improving Institutional Support for Latino/a Students
Authors: Saladino Caitlin J. , Martinez Magdalena
Published: December 2015

This chapter synthesizes the authors’ recommendations for academics and practitioners as colleges and universities prioritize institutional policies and programs to ensure Latino/a student success.
Costs and Quality at the Hospital Level in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Kittelsen Sverre A. C. , Anthun Kjartan S. , Goude Fanny , Huitfeldt Ingrid M. S. , Häkkinen Unto , Kruse Marie , Medin Emma , Rehnberg Clas , Rättö Hanna ,   on behalf of the EuroHOPE study group
Published: December 2015

This article develops and analyzes patient register‐based measures of quality for the major Nordic countries. Previous studies show that Finnish hospitals have significantly higher average productivity than hospitals in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway and also a substantial variation within each country. This paper examines whether quality differences can form part of the explanation and attempts to uncover quality–cost trade‐offs.

Data on costs and discharges in each diagnosis‐related group for 160 acute hospitals in 2008–2009 were collected. Patient register‐based measures of quality such as readmissions, mortality (in hospital or outside), and patient safety indices were developed and case‐mix adjusted. Productivity is estimated using bootstrapped data envelopment analysis.

Results indicate that case‐mix adjustment is important, and there are significant differences in the case‐mix adjusted performance measures as well as in productivity both at the national and hospital levels. For most quality indicators, the performance measures reveal room for improvement. There is a weak but statistical significant trade‐off between productivity and inpatient readmissions within 30 days but a tendency that hospitals with high 30‐day mortality also have higher costs. Hence, no clear cost–quality trade‐off pattern was discovered. Patient registers can be used and developed to improve future quality and cost comparisons. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations and Determinants of Mortality and Length of Stay of Very Low Birth Weight and Very Low for Gestational Age Infants in Seven European Countries
Authors: Fatttore Giovanni , Numerato Dino , Peltola Mikko , Banks Helen , Graziani Rebecca , Heijink Richard , Over Eelco , Klitkou Søren Toksvig , Fletcher Eilidh , Mihalicza Péter , Sveréus Sofia
Published: December 2015

The EuroHOPE very low birth weight and very low for gestational age infants study aimed to measure and explain variation in mortality and length of stay (LoS) in the populations of seven European nations (Finland, Hungary, Italy (only the province of Rome), the Netherlands, Norway, Scotland and Sweden). Data were linked from birth, hospital discharge and mortality registries. For each infant basic clinical and demographic information, infant mortality and LoS at 1 year were retrieved. In addition, socio‐economic variables at the regional level were used. Results based on 16 087 infants confirm that gestational age and Apgar score at 5 min are important determinants of both mortality and LoS. In most countries, infants admitted or transferred to third‐level hospitals showed lower probability of death and longer LoS. In the meta‐analyses, the combined estimates show that being male, multiple births, presence of malformations, per capita income and low population density are significant risk factors for death. It is essential that national policies improve the quality of administrative datasets and address systemic problems in assigning identification numbers at birth. European policy should aim at improving the comparability of data across jurisdictions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Analysis of Treatment Costs in EUROHOPE
Authors: Iversen Tor , Aas Eline , Rosenqvist Gunnar , Häkkinen Unto ,   on behalf of the EuroHOPE study group
Published: December 2015

This study examines the challenges of estimating risk‐adjusted treatment costs in international comparative research, specifically in the European Health Care Outcomes, Performance, and Efficiency (EuroHOPE) project. We describe the diverse format of resource data and challenges of converting these data into resource use indicators that allow meaningful cross‐country comparisons. The three cost indicators developed in EuroHOPE are then described, discussed, and applied. We compare the risk‐adjusted mean treatment costs of acute myocardial infarction for four of the seven countries in the EuroHOPE project, namely, Finland, Hungary, Norway, and Sweden. The outcome of the comparison depends on the time perspective as well as on the particular resource use indicator. We argue that these complementary indicators add to our understanding of the variation in resource use across countries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a regionally sensitive water-productivity indicator to identify sustainable practices for sugarcane growers
Authors: Brauman Kate A , Viart Nicolas
Published: December 2015

Standards that credibly and effectively certify sustainable commodity production are important to both producers and consumers. Agriculture is the dominant user of water worldwide, so water sustainability in agriculture is an area of particular interest. In conjunction with Bonsucro, a sustainability standard setting body for the sugarcane sector, an indicator was developed to ensure that water consumed in sugarcane cultivation is used productively (i.e., that producers achieve high “crop per drop”). To be easily measurable, sugarcane water productivity was adapted so that yield could be compared within a climate zone in which water demand is assumed to be uniform. The indicator identifies efficient performers, defined as those exceeding median historical yield in each climate zone, with rainfed and irrigated systems evaluated separately. Both the expert-driven and stakeholder-driven aspects of standard development are discussed. We address the advantages and the limitations of this new indicator, its potential application to other crops, and the possibility of improvement to include further criteria. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:811–820. © 2015 SETAC
Dose‐Response Analysis of the Effect of Carbidopa‐Levodopa Extended‐Release Capsules (IPX066) in Levodopa‐Naive Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Mao Zhongping Lily , Modi Nishit B.
Published: December 2015

Parkinson disease is an age‐related disorder of the central nervous system principally due to loss of dopamine‐producing cells in the midbrain. Levodopa, in combination with carbidopa, is widely regarded as an effective treatment for the symptoms of Parkinson disease. A dose‐response relationship is established for carbidopa‐levodopa extended‐release capsules (IPX066) in levodopa‐naive Parkinson disease patients using a disease progression model. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II plus part III scores from 171 North American patients treated with placebo or IPX066 for approximately 30 weeks from a double‐blind, parallel‐group, dose‐ranging study were used to develop the pharmacodynamic model. The model comprised 3 components: a linear function describing disease progression, a component describing placebo (or nonlevodopa) effects, and a component to describe the effect of levodopa. Natural disease progression in early Parkinson disease as measured by UPDRS was 11.6 units/year and faster in patients with more severe disease (Hoehn‐Yahr stage 3). Maximum placebo/nonlevodopa response was 23.0% of baseline UPDRS. Maximum levodopa effect from IPX066 was 76.7% of baseline UPDRS, and the ED50 was 450 mg levodopa. Equilibration half‐life for the effect compartment was 62.8 days. Increasing age increased and being female decreased equilibration half‐life. The quantitative model allowed description of the entire time course of response to clinical trial intervention.
In vivo γ‐aminobutyric acid measurement in rats with spectral editing at 4.7T
Authors: Sawiak Stephen J. , Jupp Bianca , Taylor Tom , Caprioli Daniele , Carpenter T. Adrian , Dalley Jeffrey W.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of spectral editing for quantification of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rat brain and to determine whether altered GABA concentration in the ventral striatum is a neural endophenotype associated with trait‐like impulsive behavior.

Materials and Methods

Spectra were acquired at 4.7T for 23 male Lister‐hooded rats that had been previously screened for extremely low and high impulsivity phenotypes on an automated behavioral task (n = 11 low‐impulsive; n = 12 high‐impulsive). Voxels of 3 × 7 × 4 mm3 (84 μL) centered bilaterally across the ventral striatum were used to evaluate GABA concentration ratios.

Results

Quantifiable GABA signals in the ventral striatum were obtained for all rats. Mean‐edited GABA to n‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) ratios in the ventral striatum were 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18, 0.25]). Mean GABA/NAA ratios in this region were significantly decreased by 28% in high‐impulsive rats compared to low‐impulsive rats (P = 0.02; 95% CI [–53%, –2%]).

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that spectral editing at 4.7T is a feasible method to assess in vivo GABA concentrations in the rat brain. The results show that diminished GABA content in the ventral striatum may be a neural endophenotype associated with impulsivity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1308–1312.
Biochemical properties of Bacillus Calmette Guerin ribonuclease III
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Yan‐Li , Dai Jin‐Chuan , Liu Min , Li Xin , Tang Hua
Published: December 2015

Double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) is discovered to participate in the regulation of gene expression in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Members of ribonuclease III (RNase III) family recognize RNA motifs and cleave substrates at specific sites in a divalent‐metal‐ion‐dependent manner. In this study, we find the RNase III from Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG‐RNase III) cleaves small hairpin RNA based on the conserved stem structure associated with Mycobacterium 16S ribosomal RNA precursor at specific sites which are not determined. To evaluate the influence of remnant endogenous ribonucleases from expression host on RNA cleavage assays for RNase III, we use E44A and D48A mutant of the enzyme to perform RNA cleavage assays and find that remnant ribonucleases have no effect on cleavage assays. The RNA cleavage activity of the enzyme can be supported by Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ and enhanced with the increasing salt concentration. The catalytic activity of the enzyme is exhibited when the temperature of the reaction buffer ranges from 30 to 55 °C and the pH of the buffer from 7.0 to 10.0. Two major cleavage sites in RNA substrate are identified using RNA Ligase Mediated Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RLM‐RACE).
Increased iron‐stress resilience of maize through inoculation of siderophore‐producing Arthrobacter globiformis from mine
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Mishra Vandana , Rau Nupur , Sharma Radhey Shyam
Published: December 2015

Iron deficiency is common among graminaceous crops. Ecologically successful wild grasses from iron‐limiting habitats are likely to harbour bacteria which secrete efficient high‐affinity iron‐chelating molecules (siderophores) to solubilize and mobilize iron. Such siderophore‐producing rhizobacteria may increase the iron‐stress resilience of graminaceous crops. Considering this, 51 rhizobacterial isolates of Dichanthium annulatum from iron‐limiting abandoned mine (∼84% biologically unavailable iron) were purified and tested for siderophore production; and efficacy of Arthrobacter globiformis inoculation to increase iron‐stress resilience of maize and wheat was also evaluated. 16S rRNA sequence analyses demonstrated that siderophore‐producing bacteria were taxonomically diverse (seven genera, nineteen species). Among these, Gram‐positive Bacillus (eleven species) was prevalent (76.92%). A. globiformis, a commonly found rhizobacterium of graminaceous crops was investigated in detail. Its siderophore has high iron‐chelation capacity (ICC: 13.0 ± 2.4 μM) and effectively dissolutes diverse iron‐complexes (FeCl3: 256.13 ± 26.56 μM/ml; Fe2O3 red: 84.3 ± 4.74 μM/ml; mine spoil: 123.84 ± 4.38 μM/ml). Siderophore production (ICC) of A. globiformis BGDa404 also varied with supplementation of different iron complexes. In plant bioassay with iron‐deficiency sensitive species maize, A. globiformis inoculation triggered stress‐associated traits (peroxidase and proline) in roots, enhanced plant biomass, uptake of iron and phosphate, and protein and chlorophyll contents. However, in iron deficiency tolerant species wheat, growth improvement was marginal. The present study illustrates: (i) rhizosphere of D. annulatum colonizing abandoned mine as a “hotspot” of siderophore‐producing bacteria; and (ii) potential of A. globiformis BGDa404 inoculation to increase iron‐stress resilience in maize. A. globiformis BGDa404 has the potential to develop as bioinoculant to alleviate iron‐stress in maize.
Stress tolerances of nullmutants of function‐unknown genes encoding menadione stress‐responsive proteins in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Leiter Éva , Bálint Mihály , Miskei Márton , Orosz Erzsébet , Szabó Zsuzsa , Pócsi István
Published: December 2015

A group of menadione stress‐responsive function‐unkown genes of Aspergillus nidulans (Locus IDs ANID_03987.1, ANID_06058.1, ANID_10219.1, and ANID_10260.1) was deleted and phenotypically characterized. Importantly, comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the tested A. nidulans genes and their orthologs shed light only on the presence of a TANGO2 domain with NRDE protein motif in the translated ANID_06058.1 gene but did not reveal any recognizable protein‐encoding domains in other protein sequences. The gene deletion strains were subjected to oxidative, osmotic, and metal ion stress and, surprisingly, only the ΔANID_10219.1 mutant showed an increased sensitivity to 0.12 mmol l−1 menadione sodium bisulfite. The gene deletions affected the stress sensitivities (tolerances) irregularly, for example, some strains grew more slowly when exposed to various oxidants and/or osmotic stress generating agents, meanwhile the ΔANID_10260.1 mutant possessed a wild‐type tolerance to all stressors tested. Our results are in line with earlier studies demonstrating that the deletions of stress‐responsive genes do not confer necessarily any stress‐sensitivity phenotypes, which can be attributed to compensatory mechanisms based on other elements of the stress response system with overlapping functions.
Mitochondrially Targeted Nanoparticles Based on α‐TOS for the Selective Cancer Treatment
Authors: Palao‐Suay Raquel , Rodrigáñez Laura , Aguilar María Rosa , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Carolina , Parra Francisco , Fernández Mar , Parra Juan , Riestra‐Ayora Juan , Sanz‐Fernández Ricardo , Román Julio San
Published: December 2015

The aim of this work is the preparation of an active nanovehicle for the effective administration of α‐tocopheryl succinate (α‐TOS). α‐TOS is loaded in the core of nanoparticles (NPs) based on amphiphilic pseudo‐block copolymers of N‐vinyl pyrrolidone and a methacrylic derivative of α‐TOS. These well‐defined spherical NPs have sizes below 165 nm and high encapsulation efficiencies. In vitro activity of NPs is tested in hypopharynx squamous carcinoma (FaDu) cells and nonmalignant epithelial cells, demonstrating that the presence of additional α‐TOS significantly enhances its antiproliferative activity; however, a range of selective concentrations is observed. These NPs induce apoptosis of FaDu cells by activating the mitochondria death pathway (via caspase‐9). Both loaded and unloaded NPs act via complex II and produce high levels of reactive oxygen species that trigger apoptosis. Additionally, these NPs effectively suppress the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results open the possibility to use this promising nanoformulation as an α‐TOS delivery system for the effective cancer treatment, effectively resolving the current limitations of free α‐TOS administration.

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Zwitterionic Cellulose Carbamate with Regioselective Substitution Pattern: A Coating Material Possessing Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Elschner Thomas , Lüdecke Claudia , Kalden Diana , Roth Martin , Löffler Bettina , Jandt Klaus D. , Heinze Thomas
Published: December 2015

A polyzwitterion is synthesized by regioselective functionalization of cellulose possessing a uniform charge distribution. The positively charged ammonium group is present at position 6, while the negative charge of carboxylate is located at positions 2 and 3 of the repeating unit. The molecular structure of the biopolymer derivative is proved by NMR spectroscopy. This cellulose‐based zwitterion is applied to several support materials by spin‐coating and characterized by means of atomic force microscope, contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coatings possess antimicrobial activity depending on the support materials (glass, titanium, tissue culture poly(styrene)) as revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and live/dead staining.

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A mass spectrometric insight into the origins of benign gynecological disorders
Authors: Yang Huiliang , Lau Wayne Bond , Lau Bonnie , Xuan Yu , Zhou Shengtao , Zhao Linjie , Luo Zhongyue , Lin Qiao , Ren Ning , Zhao Xia , Wei Yuquan
Published: December 2015

Applications of mass spectrometry (MS) are rapidly expanding and encompass molecular and cellular biology. MS aids in the analysis of in vivo global molecular alterations, identifying potential biomarkers which may improve diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies. MS has added new dimensionality to medical research. Pioneering gynecologists now study molecular mechanisms underlying female reproductive pathology with MS‐based tools. Although benign gynecologic disorders including endometriosis, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) carry low mortality rates, they cause significant physical, mental, and social detriments. Additionally, some benign disorders are unfortunately associated with malignancies. MS‐based technology can detect malignant changes in formerly benign proteomes and metabolomes with distinct advantages of speed, sensitivity, and specificity. We present the use of MS in proteomics and metabolomics, and summarize the current understanding of the molecular pathways concerning female reproductive anatomy. Highlight discoveries of novel protein and metabolite biomarkers via MS‐based technology, we underscore the clinical application of these techniques in the diagnosis and management of benign gynecological disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:450–470, 2017
Coffee consumption rapidly reduces background DNA strand breaks in healthy humans: Results of a short‐term repeated uptake intervention study
Authors: Bakuradze Tamara , Lang Roman , Hofmann Thomas , Schipp Dorothea , Galan Jens , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Richling Elke
Published: December 2015

Scope

Intervention studies provide evidence that long‐term coffee consumption correlates with reduced DNA background damage in healthy volunteers. Here, we report on short‐term kinetics of this effect, showing a rapid onset after normal coffee intake.

Methods and results

In a short‐term human intervention study, we determined the effects of coffee intake on DNA integrity during 8 h. Healthy male subjects ingested coffee in 200 mL aliquots every second hour up to a total volume of 800 mL. Blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately before the first coffee intake and subsequently every 2 h, prior to the respective coffee intake. DNA integrity was assayed by the comet assay. The results show a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of background DNA strand breaks already 2 h after the first coffee intake. Continued coffee intake was associated with further decrements in background DNA damage within the 8 h intervention (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Mean tail intensities (TIs%) decreased from 0.33 TI% (baseline, 0 h) to 0.22 TI% (within 8 h coffee consumption).

Conclusion

Repeated coffee consumption was associated with reduced background DNA strand breakage, clearly measurable as early as 2 h after first intake resulting in a cumulative overall reduction by about one‐third of the baseline value.
Intermittent sacral neuromodulation for idiopathic urgency urinary incontinence in women
Authors: ′t Hoen Lisette A. , Groen Jan , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F.M.
Published: December 2015

Aims

SNM has been proven to be effective in the treatment of refractory UUI. Total costs and patient burden due to regular battery changes may prevent broad implementation of this treatment. The aim was to achieve a minimal improvement of 50% in incontinence episodes compared to pre‐SNM by using iSNM.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was performed in women with UUI receiving treatment with SNM for a minimum of 6 months. The neurostimulator was programmed to 8 hr “on” and 16 hr “off” per day for 12 weeks. Prior to iSNM, data were collected during no SNM and cSNM. Bladder diaries and various patient reported outcome measures were collected at predetermined time points: 1–5 weeks, and 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analysis.

Results

Of the 19 patients 63% showed an improvement of >50% of incontinence episodes during iSNM compared to pre‐SNM. Bladder diary parameters showed a difference between pre‐SNM and iSNM median (P‐value); incontinence episodes/24 hr, 4.1–1.0 (P = 0.04), incontinence severity, 2.0–1.0 (P = 0.001), voiding episodes/24 hr, 13.0–8.0 (P = 0.001), and voided volume, 149–219 ml (P = 0.04). The UDI‐6, 50.0–27.8 (P = 0.03), and the IIQ‐7 scores, 50.0–9.5 (P = 0.04) also showed a significant improvement. No difference was demonstrated between iSNM and cSNM.

Conclusions

Compared to pre‐SNM parameters, iSNM shows an improvement in both objective and subjective outcomes. Specifically no difference was found between iSNM and cSNM, indicating that iSNM could be a feasible and cost‐effective alternative. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:385–389, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneously enhanced cryogenic mechanical behaviors of cyanate ester/epoxy resins by poly(ethylene oxide)‐co‐poly(propylene oxide)‐co‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) block copolymer and clay
Authors: Hu Chengyao , Sun Yi , Yu Juan , Huo Jichuan
Published: December 2015

Cryogenic mechanical properties are important parameters for thermosetting resins used in cryogenic engineering areas. The hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by modification of a cyanate ester/epoxy/poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(propylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) system with clay. It is demonstrated that the cryogenic tensile strength, Young's modulus, ductility (failure strain), and fracture resistance (impact strength) are simultaneously enhanced by the addition of PEO‐PPO‐PEO and clay. The results show that the tensile strength and Young's modulus at 77 K of the hybrid nanocomposite containing 5 wt% PEO‐PPO‐PEO and 3 wt% clay were enhanced by 31.0% and 14.6%, respectively. The ductility and impact resistance at both room temperature and 77K are all improved for the hybrid composites. The fracture surfaces of the neat BCE/EP and its nanocomposites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the dependence of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) on the clay and PEO‐PPO‐PEO contents was examined by thermal dilatometer. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2237–2247, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Secretome analysis of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum ALL 42 cultivated in different media supplemented with Fusarium solani cell wall or glucose
Authors: Ramada Marcelo Henrique Soller , Steindorff Andrei Stecca , Bloch Carlos , Ulhoa Cirano José
Published: December 2015

Trichoderma harzianum is a fungus well known for its potential as a biocontrol agent against many fungal phytopathogens. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteins secreted by T. harzianum ALL42 when its spores were inoculated and incubated for 48 h in culture media supplemented with glucose (GLU) or with cell walls from Fusarium solani (FSCW), a phytopathogen that causes severe losses in common bean and soy crops in Brazil, as well as other crop diseases around the world. Trichoderma harzianum was able to grow in Trichoderma Liquid Enzyme Production medium (TLE) and Minimal medium (MM) supplemented with FSCW and in TLE+GLU, but was unable to grow in MM+GLU medium. Protein quantification showed that TLE+FSCW and MM+FSCW had 45‐ and 30‐ fold, respectively, higher protein concentration on supernatant when compared to TLE+GLU, and this difference was observable on 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE). A total of 94 out of 105 proteins excised from 2DE maps were identified. The only protein observed in all three conditions was epl1. In the media supplemented with FSCW, different hydrolases such as chitinases, β‐1,3‐glucanases, glucoamylases, α‐1,3‐glucanases and proteases were identified, along with other proteins with no known functions in mycoparasitism, such as npp1 and cys. Trichoderma harzianum showed a complex and diverse arsenal of proteins that are secreted in response to the presence of FSCW, with novel proteins not previously described in mycoparasitic‐related studies.
Histone modification profiling reveals differential signatures associated with human embryonic stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation
Authors: Bhanu Natarajan V. , Sidoli Simone , Garcia Benjamin A.
Published: December 2015

In this study, we trace developmental stages using epigenome changes in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) treated with drugs modulating either self‐renewal or differentiation. Based on microscopy, qPCR and flow cytometry, we classified the treatment outcome as inducing pluripotency (hESC, flurbiprofen and gatifloxacin), mesendoderm (sinomenine), differentiation (cyamarin, digoxin, digitoxin, selegeline and theanine) and lineage‐commitment (RA). When we analyzed histone PTMs that imprinted these gene and protein expressions, the above classification was reassorted. Hyperacetylation at H3K4, 9, 14, 18, 56 and 122 as well as H4K5, 8, 12 and 16 emerged as the pluripotency signature of hESCs. Methylations especially of H3 at K9, K20, K27 and K36 characterized differentiation initiation as seen in no‐drug control and fluribiprofen. Sinomenine‐treated cells clustered close to “differentiation initiators”, consistent with flow cytometry where it induced mesendoderm, along with cyamarin and possibly selegnine. Neurectoderm, induced by RA and theanine manifested methylations on H3 shifts to H3.3. By both flow cytometry and histone PTM clustering, it appears that cells treated with gatifloxacin, flurbiprofen, digitoxin and digoxin were not yet lineage‐committed or mixed cell types. Taken together, our moderate‐throughput histone PTM profiling approach highlighted subtle epigenetic signatures that permitted us to predict divergent lineage progression even in differentiating cells with similar phenotype and gene expression.
Uncovering the exercise‐related proteome signature in skeletal muscle
Authors: Padrão Ana Isabel , Ferreira Rita , Amado Francisco , Vitorino Rui , Duarte José Alberto
Published: December 2015

Exercise training has been recommended as a nonpharmacological strategy for the prevention and attenuation of skeletal muscle atrophy in distinct pathophysiological conditions. Despite the well‐established phenotypic alterations, the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise‐induced skeletal muscle remodeling are poorly characterized. Proteomics based on mass spectrometry have been successfully applied for the characterization of skeletal muscle proteome, representing a pivotal approach for the wide characterization of the molecular networks that lead to skeletal muscle remodeling. Nevertheless, few studies were performed to characterize the exercise‐induced proteome remodeling of skeletal muscle, with only six research papers focused on the cross‐talk between exercise and pathophysiological conditions. In order to add new insights on the impact of distinct exercise programs on skeletal muscle proteome, molecular network analysis was performed with bioinformatics tools. This analysis highlighted an exercise‐related proteome signature characterized by the up‐regulation of the capacity for ATP generation, oxygen delivery, antioxidant capacity and regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Chronic endurance training up‐regulates the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation system, whereas the release of calcium ion into cytosol and amino acid metabolism are the biological processes up‐regulated by a single bout of exercise. Other issues as exercise intensity, load, mode and regimen as well as muscle type also influence the exercise‐induced proteome signature. The comprehensive analysis of the molecular networks modulated by exercise training in health and disease, taking in consideration all these variables, might not only support the therapeutic effect of exercise but also highlight novel targets for the development of enhanced pharmacological strategies.
The complex interplay of physician, patient, and spouse in preoperative counseling for radical prostatectomy: a comparative mixed‐method analysis of 30 videotaped consultations
Authors: Huber Johannes , Streuli Jürg C. , Lozankovski Novica , Stredele Regina J. F. , Moll Peter , Hohenfellner Markus , Huber Christian G. , Ihrig Andreas , Peters Tim
Published: December 2015

Objectives

Spouses of cancer patients play a crucial role in deciding on therapeutic choices. The aim of our study was to assess their role in counseling for radical prostatectomy.

Methods

We analyzed 30 videotaped preoperative consultations prior to radical prostatectomy. Thereof, 14 included the patients' female partner and 16 took place without partner attendance. We performed quantitative and qualitative conversation analysis to compare both settings.

Results

Mean age of patients was 61 (47–73) years; 13% (4/30) did not have a partner. Duration of preoperative consultations was 20 (10–32) min. Physicians spoke most of the time (93%, range 71–99%), followed by patients (7%, range 1–20%) and spouses (2%, range 0–8%). Patients whose spouse was present at the consultation tended to have a more averted posture (50% vs. 25%, p = 0.04) and tended to speak less often (5% vs. 8%, p = 0.02). In 4 of 14 (29%) consultations, the spouses tended to be more dominant, speaking more frequently. Qualitative analysis showed several examples of emotional support and helpful contributions by spouses. Difference of opinion occurred when pros and cons of a nerve‐sparing approach were discussed. The spouses' impact appeared to influence the final decision of men contemplating a nerve‐sparing approach in 1 of 14 conversations.

Conclusions

Spouses appear to play a complex and sometimes ambivalent role in counseling for radical prostatectomy. Especially when discussing a nerve‐sparing approach, urologist should focus on the patients' true needs while interacting with both partners. Personalized decision aids might help to identify possible conflicts in advance.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expecting the best and being prepared for the worst: structure, profiles, and 2‐year temporal stability of dispositional optimism in women with breast cancer
Authors: Saboonchi Fredrik , Petersson Lena‐Marie , Alexanderson Kristina , Bränström Richard , Wennman‐Larsen Agneta
Published: December 2015

Objectives

Dispositional optimism is viewed as a key personality resource for resiliency and has been linked to adjustment among women with breast cancer. The aim was to examine (a) the psychometric proprieties of Life Orientation Test‐Revised (LOT‐R), (b) the potential independence and co‐occurrence of positive and negative dimensions of future outcome expectancies, (c) the longitudinal invariance of LOT‐R and the temporal stability of dispositional optimism over 2 years following surgery, and (d) the predictive impact of optimism and pessimism on emotional distress among women with breast cancer.

Methods

Data from a prospective study (n = 750) of women with breast cancer were acquired shortly after surgery, and the women were followed up for 2 years. Assessments of LOT‐R, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, treatment‐related, and demographic variables were subjected to structural equation modeling analysis.

Results

A bidimensional and temporarily invariant structure of LOT‐R displayed acceptable fit indices. Three profiles of future expectancies consisting of optimists, pessimists, and ambiguous were identified. Temporal stability in optimism and pessimism over 2 years was established. Women with higher education displayed higher degrees of pessimism. Baseline dispositional optimism inversely predicted emotional distress at 2 years.

Conclusions

The LOT‐R should be approached as a bidimensional measure. Co‐occurrence of optimism and pessimism may indicate a cautious defensive coping effort in women with breast cancer. The importance of systematic efforts to enhance optimism as well as the capacity to acknowledge both positive and negative future expectancies is emphasized.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Narratives of Mobility and Modernity: Representations of Places and People Among Young Adults in Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Madeleine
Published: December 2015

The aim of this paper is to analyse young adults' experiences of moving and the role of identity narratives; how intersecting and multiple identities are constructed through their mobility; and the significance of space and representations of space and place in the processes of subject formation. The focus of this paper is on stories of mobility and the representations of one of many European rural peripheries: the Swedish North. The narratives offer alternative ways of thinking of the urban and the rural; people desire and belong across the places of migration. Even so, the hegemonic neoliberal understanding of the city as progress is reproduced by the informants, while at the same time some of them describe the rural as progressive for valuing the immaterial things people today have forgotten. These narratives can be viewed as ways of both reproducing and resisting the neoliberal understanding of the ‘need to be mobile’. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the single domain‐wall structure in glass‐coated microwires
Authors: Varga Rastislav , Klein Peter , Jimenez Alejandro , Vazquez Manuel
Published: December 2015

We present the complex study of the domain‐wall structure in glass‐coated microwires using different methods based on the application of transversal and circular magnetic fields. The results can be understood in terms of two possible structures of domain walls being transversal at low fields and vortex at high fields. Moreover, it is shown that a vortex domain wall does not nucleate at the beginning of propagation, but it is transformed from a transversal domain wall after its depinning.
Effect of Resveratrol Treatment on the Pharmacokinetics of Diclofenac in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: Bedada Satish Kumar , Yellu Narsimha Reddy , Neerati Prasad
Published: December 2015

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of resveratrol (RSV) treatment on the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac (DIC) in healthy human volunteers. The open‐label, two period, sequential study was conducted in 12 healthy human volunteers. A single dose of RSV 500 mg was administered daily for 10 days during treatment phase. A single dose of DIC 100 mg was administered during control and after treatment phases under fasting conditions. The blood samples were collected after DIC dosing and analyzed by HPLC. Treatment with RSV significantly enhanced maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) (1.73 to 2.91 µg/mL), area under the curve (AUC) (5.05 to 9.95 µg h/mL), half life (T1/2) (1.12 to 1.76 h) and significantly decreased elimination rate constant (Kel) (0.71 to 0.41 h−1), apparent oral clearance (CL/F) (14.58 to 6.48 L/h) of DIC as compared to control. The geometric mean ratios for Cmax, AUC, T1/2, Kel and CL/F of DIC were 1.75, 2.12, 1.65, 0.61 and 0.47, respectively were outside the limits of 0.8–1.25, which indicates clinically significant interaction between DIC and RSV. The results suggest that the altered pharmacokinetics of DIC might be attributed to RSV mediated inhibition of CYP2C9 enzyme. Therefore, combination therapy of DIC along with RSV may represent a novel approach to reduce dosage and results in reduced gastrointestinal side effects of DIC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound guided musculoskeletal interventions: professional opportunities, challenges and the future of injection therapy
Authors: Innes Sue , Maybury Mark , Hall Alison , Lumsden Gordon
Published: December 2015

The demand for ultrasound guided injections for musculoskeletal presentations has increased in recent years as practitioners and patients seek verification of needle position. Musculoskeletal management pathways regularly include injection therapy for pain relief and are sometimes indicated as a single intervention but may need to be supported by rehabilitation. Workload in radiology departments has expanded in volume and complexity as radiologists perform new interventional procedures that require medical expertise. Innovative responses are required to meet the demand for ultrasound guided musculoskeletal injections; one option is offering appropriate education to musculoskeletal sonographers, enabling them to extend their current scope of practice. The role of the extended scope physiotherapist in the United Kingdom provides evidence that role diversification can produce excellent patient outcomes whilst preserving financial resources. The professional, legal and clinical requirements of extending service provision to include new clinical staff presents challenges that have to be met with strong leadership and the provision of high quality education in ultrasound guided interventions. There are many indicators that the patient experience is enhanced by guiding musculoskeletal injections, and access to this service has impact on patients' confidence in their treatment pathway.
Helical Coordination Polymers Based on A Tripodal N‐donor Ligand
Authors: Chen Yu , Chi Xiao‐Lin , Xu Yu‐Ci , Wang Xi‐Chi , Xiao Dong‐Rong
Published: December 2015

The coordination polymers [Cu2(tpim)2]·2H2O (1) and [Co(H2tpim)2(MoO4)2] (2) [Htpim = 2,4,5‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐imidazole] were synthesized. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and TG analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 both contain chiral helical‐layer structures. Compound 1 exhibits a novel 3D (3,3,4)‐connected framework with (4·6·8)(6·82)(4·6·83·10) topology, which is constructed from left‐ and right‐ helices. Compound 2 displays a 2D chiral helical‐layer structure which can be rationalized as a (3,6)‐connected 2D kgd (kagome dual) net, and these 2D layers are further extended by hydrogen‐bonding interactions to form a 3D supramolecular network. By comparing compounds 1 and 2, it is believed that the tripodal N‐containing ligand (Htpim) plays a key role in the construction of helical coordination polymers. In addition, the photoluminescence property of compound 1 and the magnetic property of compound 2 were studied.