bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF GLOBAL MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Authors: Shevtsov Yegor , Obolenska Tatiana
Published: May 2021

The spread of global marketing communications in the context of business management is caused by the need of companies to adjust strategies to the technological era of digitalization. As a result, international enterprises promote the use of their products and services in different countries with the help of communicational instruments, including advertising, social media networks, electronic mail, and others. The use of these digital instruments helps to minimize meaningless marketing activity and concentrate only on the methods that can potentially increase the profits of global companies. The research focuses on the review of theoretical literature about the importance of marketing communications and defines the practical aspects of the use of communicational instruments that can work simultaneously in different locations due to the correct choice of channels. The purpose of the article lies in the analysis of ties between global marketing communications and the consistent progress of reputation of the brand caused by the combination of social media publications, advertising, public relations, and promotion. The primary research question of the article focuses on answering how international businesses can use global marketing communications for the aim of building positive images of these companies. Another secondary research question defines what is the role of globalization in the choice of possible methods of control that can be used to organize the management of marketing communications during various branding campaigns. The hypothesis of the article deals with the fact that modern companies can achieve visible progress in chosen areas of business activity if they follow the guidelines of effective management of global marketing strategy that include the accuracy in defining preferable channels for reaching their audience, the understanding of the population that forms the number of potential customers, the implementation of technological equipment for the further development, and the rational division of financial resources of marketing departments.
GLOBAL BUSINESS NETWORK: OFF-SHORE MODEL’S DIVERSIFICATION AND IMPACT
Authors: Stoliarchuk Yaroslava , Ilnytskyy Denys , Turolev Glib
Published: May 2021

Modern literature lacks systematization and assessment of impact of network of international corporations and their off-shore models on development of national economies in post-industrial times. There is variety of tools besides well-known multinational corporate accounting policies and strategies of MNCs that provide mechanism for the management of transaction costs in reporting period, thus reducing the amount of taxable profit due to application of the method of accelerated depreciation and channels of tax deferrals, which allow to reduce corporate tax payments owing to the objective reduction of real purchasing power of money over time. The purpose of the article is to propose in-depth systematization of balanced pros and cons for further development of national FDI policies aimed at network of MNCs. The paper utilizes a compound methodology of review and systematization to calculate overall impact of offshoring that exceeds 1% of global GDP. While modern financial and economic activities of MNC’s distinguish both internal and external offshoring, the paper focuses upon endogenous one. The key attention is on dominant ones – tax inversion phenomenon is known as base erosion and profit shifting, tax planning strategies, international debt shifting, models of tax treaty shopping, tax deferral, tax hybrids, strategic transfer pricing tools. In business and financial management MNCs resort to the development of extremely complex network structures of parent and subsidiary companies in order to increase international competitive advantages. MNCs make special efforts to recruit staff capable of effectively performing key functions in the field of corporate offshoring. We find huge regional asymmetries in MNCs impact on development of national economies. On one hand, a number of highly profitable corporations pay almost zero tax in favour of their countries of registration; on the other, MNCs create jobs, markets, volumes and asymmetries of geographical structure of differences in the value of goods and services supplied through international trade between developing and developed countries due to enormous scale of business offshoring.
THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT MECHANISMS FOR GLOBAL IT OUTSOURCING DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yatsenko Olha , Didukh Tetiana
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to develop a deeper understanding of government policy regarding global IT outsourcing. The effects of global outsourcing are subjective to the economy of each country and the intention for which the same was undertaken. The development and the formation of a competitive environment of the global outsourcing market in IT business is taking into account the relevant prerequisites, has certain trends and results. The study of these characteristics allowed to establish the form of functioning of this phenomenon at the global level, to outline the significant advantages and problems of this type of business, which in its turn influenced the regulatory policy of states to transform or stabilise its economy. The article identifies the components and structure of institutional support for IT outsourcing development at different levels of management and regulation starting from local to international. The purpose of the article is to systematize and analyze the state of institutional support for the regulation of global outsourcing of IT business in the international market. Problems and tendencies of influence of institutes, their mechanisms and tools are revealed. Methodical approaches to the assessment of economic efficiency are offered. The possible consequences of their imperfection are described. The directions of improvement for the future are substantiated.
The effect of candida albicans on some blood and biochemical parameters in laboratory mice .
Authors: Mohammed Hanan Abdel Reda
Published: May 2021

In the present study , 32 white mice Balb /C (two months age ) were used ,therewere divided into four equal groups . Three groups were injected with fungalsuspention of candida albicans in doses of 1x106 ,1x108 and 3x108 cell/ml,whereas the fourth group was regarded as control and injected with 0.5 mlnormal saline solution . All were dissected after 6 days of injection to study thephysiological effect of the yeast on blood , which include RBCand WBC count ,Hb concentration and PCV ratio . And on biochemical content whichinclude the determination of protein , glycogen and cholestrol in liver ,kidneyand muscles .The results showed that the number of RBC were decreased ,while WBCwere increased in the injected mice ,but there were no signifficant effect onPCV and Hb . On the other hand ,cholestrol values were decreased significantlyin the injected mice in comparison with control,but this decrease was varied indifferent tissues (P>0.01).The value was lower in liver ,whereas no signifficantdifference was found between Kidney and muscles . Protein values were notsignifficantly different in comparison with control , but it was different amongtissue studied .muscles was the highest value and the liver was lowest .Glycogen decreased signifficantly in comparison with control ,but not amongtissues.
Toxic changes in some organs of rats exposed to hypervitaminosis A during different gestation period
Authors: AL-Rekabi F. M. K.
Published: May 2021

Forty females albino rats divided into four groups, three of them (T1, T2,T3) dosed orally with 10000 IU Vitamin A according to different gestationperiods while the fourth group dosed with distilled water and considered ascontrol (C). Statistical changes in the weight of different treated groups organswere observed specially in the T3 group that represent period of major organofunctionaldevelopment and minor organogensis. Also the histopathologicalstudy revealed sever liver necrosis and sever pulmonary hyperplasia in T1group. Also there was subcutaneous abdominal tumor (fibroma) noticed in onefemale of T2 group. We concluded from our results that high dose of vitamin Amay cause cellular, histological and functional defects with possible cryogeniceffect in some internal organs and tissue.
Use of metabolites of therapeutic Lactic acid bacteria to inhibit four species veterinary pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Hamid Ali H. A .
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to detect metabolites inhibition activity for three therapeuticLactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lb. acid.) , Lactobacillus reuteri(Lb. reut.) and Bifidobacterium ssp. (Bif.) which were grown in whole milk andMan Reqosa and Sharp (MRS) broth as single or double (Lb. acid. + Bif.) ormixed (Lb. reut + Bif. + Lb. acid) culture Cell Free Extract (CFE) of theseculture which contained their metabolites of Lactic acid bacteria (exclusion Lb.reut.) showed good inhibition against four species of pathogenic Escherichiacoli ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Proteus volgaris and Staphylococcus aureus.inhibition activity against E. coli culture showed that 72 hours was the bestincubation time for Lactic acid bacteria to produce more metabolite with bestinhibition activity. Metabolite (CFE) of Lb. Acid culture grown in milk andMRS broth showed the best inhibition activity against all of Gram Positive andGram negative test bacteria with over all inhibition zone diameter was 14.6 and15.3 mm for milk and MRS broth supernatant respectively and this activityremained for more than one week as inhibition zone diameter were 13.4 and14.5 mm for supernatant of milk and MRS respectively.
The Use Of Alternative Stain In Rose Bengal Test Antigen Preparation Which Specific For Brucellosis.
Authors: Saeed Erada A .J .
Published: May 2021

The Rose Bengal test is one of the famous diagnostic test of Brucellosisspecially as a screening test in order to detect the infection in limited area.Rose Bengal standard stain which producd by specific companies was used inpreparation of the test special antigen , The stain gives the known pink colourfor the antigen during the test that make the agglutination in positive cases morevisible due to the reaction between antigen and the specific antibodies ofBrucella which found in the serum sample of human and different animals.Antigen for the Rose Bengal test in this study is prepared by using alternativestain easily found in local supermarkets using for food colours and notexpensive like standard stain. All standard tests were down for the stain like thecolour ,pH, stability are same for two stains until the date of expire of antigen.The antigen prepared with alternative stain was used in comparative with theantigen prepared with standard stain for testing serum samples of human anddifferent animals, the results deal no significant different statistically betweenthem that means as a result we can prepare antigen more easily and notexpensive.
د ا را رسة أولية عن وبائية داء الالابواغ الخبيئة في أطفال بعض مناطق وادي الشاطيء
Authors: Saleh Mohammed Thabet
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study to detect Cryptospordiosis among children (1 day –10 years) in some Wadi Al-Shati areas (Brack ,Akar,Al-Qurda and

Wanzreek). A total of 280 faecal samples were examined by flotation with sheather s’ sugar solution and acid fast staining techniques to detect Cryptospordium oocysts .The results of study demonstrated that 29 samples (10 .3 % ) were positive with highest infection rates in young children between ( days and 1-2

years, which reached 34.2 % and 23 % respectively.
Study of some Impact Of Enterococcus faecium As Probiotic On Chick 2- Newcastle Disease Antibody And White blood cells
Authors: Khamas Emad J.
Published: May 2021

To investigate the impact of Enterococcus faecium as a probiotic in theperformance of layer male chicks and some aspects of immunity, Newcastle diseaseantibodies and the blood picture, this bacteria was given in the feed of layer malechicks with a dose rate of 1.5 g\kg of feed, each kg of feed contained (5×1011CFU)along the experiment which last 57 days. 150 male chicks were divided into fivegroups, the 1st group was given the probiotic in the feed, the 2nd group was given theprobiotic and was exposed to bad ventilation and high temperature as a stress, thethird group was given the probiotic and chlortetracycline in the feed, the fourth groupwas given the probiotic and then infected with E. coli on day 21 of the experiment,and the fifth group was given the feed only without the probiotic as a control group.Results showed that giving Enterococcus faecium in the feed had insignificant effecton Newcastle antibodies tested on day 37 of the experiment, and the effect wassignificant on day 57. Also, the differential count of the white blood cells wasincreased while the heterophile\lymphocyte ratio was decreased in the groups whichwere given probiotic, compared with the control.
The Expermintal Infection of L.monocytogenes &Isolation it from Egg, Oviduct & Ovary
Authors: Al-Jeboury Nagham Mohammed
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study to detect the transmission of L.monocytogenesfrom experimental infected chickens to Egg products ,Ovary,Oviduct.&histopathological changes in these organs.2groups of chickn ,1st group(12 animals)infected with L.monocytogenes1ml/chick.SC,(1×1010 cfu/ml),2nd group injected 1ml/chick normal salin ascontrol.eggs were collected for isolate Listeria ,animal killed in(7,15,24,30,34,39,42)days,for isolateListeria from ovary,oviduct&samplestaken for histopathological examination.The results show theres no characterstic signs in infected chickens exceptdepression,anoxia&and theres marked decrease of egg production,qualititativly & quantitativly.L.monocytogenes isolated from egg ( shell, ,yolk,albumine)&persiste to(31,28&19) dayses respectively,also Listeria isolate from ovary&oviduct inchickens which killed in (7,15,24,30)day,¬ isolate from chickens thatkilled in day (39,34,42)or in control.The histopathological changes theres congestion of the organs ,diffuseinfiltration of infilammatory cells such as lymphocyte , neutrophils ¯ophage. also theres odeama, multi necrosis foci &desqumation.
Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157 in locally produced soft cheese
Authors: Al-Khyat Fadia Abd AL-Muhsin
Published: May 2021

Escherichia coli is consedered to be one of the normal flora of the humanand animal intestinal tract, but there are some serotypes which are diagnosedas a pathogenic such as Enteroheamorrhagic E.coli O157 that cause diseaseranging in severity from mild to lethal and it's significant as a major foodbornepathogen and as a public health problem. The purpose of this studywas to provide the prevalence of E.coli and E.coli O157 in locally producedsoft cheeses, detection and enumeration were carried out using specificdifferential media (CT.SMAC,E.M.B.), serological test (Latex O157) andbiochemical test.A total of 50 samples of locally produced soft cheeses were collected fromsupermarket in Baghdad City during the period from April till the end ofMay 2007. The result revealed that there was a significant (P<0.05)difference in the isolation percentage, E.coli was isolated from 47 samples(94%) while E.coli O157 isolated from 40 samples (80%). The data alsorevealed that there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the mean ofmicrobial counts E.coli and E.coli O157 recorded (4.7x106 , 2.4x105CFU/g) respectively. These result suggest that the serotype O157 isprevalent within dairy product and processing environment.
A comparative study between E.Coli O157:H7 and Coliform bacteria isolated from locally soft cheese
Authors: Al-Jaleel Raghad A. Abd
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this study was to isolate, identify andenumerate the E.coli O157:H7 bacteria and coliform bacteria fromlocally manufactured soft cheese.A total of 50samples of local soft cheese were collected and examinedfrom local markets of (5) different areas of Baghdad city which was { Aldora,Al-Amria,Al-Kadmia,Al-Karada,Al-Kazalia} 10 samples for eacharea.The results showed that the highest average counts of E.coli O157:H7and coliform bacteria was in Al-Dora 73.63 × 105and 956 × 105cfu/mlwhile the lowest average counts in Al-Kazalia 3.12× 105and 43.7×105cfu/ml .The result of the statistical analysis showed that there were a significantdifferences (p<0.05) between E.coli O157:H7 and coliform bacteriabetween Al-Dora and the other areas in this study which was {Al-Kadmmea,Al-Karada,Al-Ammrea,Al-Kazalia} but there were nosignificant differences (p<0.05) between the tow kinds of bacteria ineach area.It was conducted that the higher average of pollution for locally softcheese with E.coli O157:H7 was in Al-Dora , the reason of this higherpollution may be due to un healthy condition during milk collection usedfor milk processing or during the processing itself
مسح لامراض الطيور الداجنة في خمسة قرى تابعة لمحافظة بغداد ودراسة تأثير الاصابات المتزامن حدوثها في آن واحد على مستوى اضداد مرض نيوكاسل
Authors: فارس بشرى حمزة
Published: May 2021

تناولت الدراسة مسح لإمراض الطيور الداجنة في خمسة قرى تابعة لمحافظة بغداد وذلك لغرض الوصول الى اهم الحالات المرضية والعوامل المحددة لصناعة الدواجن.
جمعت البيانات للحالات المرضية للفترة من شهر تموز لسنة 2007 حتى نهاية شهر اذار لسنة 2008. اعتمد في تشخيص الحالات المرضية على تاريخ الحالة المرضية، الاعراض السريرية، التغيرات المرضية العيانية، والعزل الفايروسي لمرض نيوكاسل.
اظهرت النتائج ان اهم الامراض المنتشرة خلال فترة الدراسة هو مرض نيوكاسل الذي شكل اعلى نسبة من المجموع الكلي للحالات المرضية.
سجلت امراض عديدة اخرى في هذه الدراسة منها امراض فايروسية، بكتيرية، طفيلية وامراض العوز الغذائي.
 بالاضافة الى هذا، فأن اهمية هذه الاصابات تكمن في عدم تشخيصها بشكل دقيق وهنالك بعض الدلائل التي اشارت الى ان حدوث الاصابات في آن واحد يولد نوع من التثبيط المناعي في الطيور وبالتالي يعزز من امراضية بقية المسببات المرضية.
COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR USING OF SUB MUCOSA OF SMALL INTESTINE IN HEALING OF CLEAN AND INFECTED AVULSION WOUNDS
Authors: AL-FALAHI N. H.
Published: May 2021

This study was done on 29 mature rabbits to observe the effect of sub mucosa of small intestine of sheep inthe healing of avulsion wound in rabbits, animals divided to three equal groups:First group: The avulsion wound in the thigh region was left without treatment, just covering with bandage andconsidered as a control group.Second group: Treatment of clean avulsion wound in the thigh region was done by covering it with sub mucosaof small intestine which previously prepared.Third group: Treatment of infected avulsion wound in the thigh region was done by covering it with sub mucosaof small intestine which previously prepared.The results of this study show that the sub mucosas of small intestine have the ability to enhance healing of thewound with little formation of scar tissue.The macroscopic finding show the faster in approximation of wound edges in groups two and three in the secondweek and with little formation of granulation and the wound site be similar to normal skin in the third week ascompared with control group in which the healing occur by formation of scar tissue observed in the third weekand continue to the forth week, while The histopathological finding show faster in organization of granulationtissue in the second week in groups two and three and the tissue appeared similar to normal skin in the third week,while in control group show increase in formation of granulation tissue which continue until the third week
Immune relationahip between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Alwan Mohammed Jawed , Yassin zagir Khalid , Mohammed Al-Jebouri Nagham
Published: May 2021

In order to known the effect of whole sonicated L. monocytogenes antigen on as mice experimentallyinfected with P.aeruginosa.,30 white mice,8-12 weeks age, were divided randomly into three equalgroups..The 1st group was immunized subcutaneously twice with (0.5)ml of whole sonicated P.aeruginosaantigen(7.6mg/ml concentration protein) ,with two weeks intervals.The cellular immune responses waschecked at (27) days post-immunization The animals of the 1st and 2nd groups were challengedsubcutaneously with (0.5) ml of bacterial suspension contain1X10 9cfu/ml of virulent P.aeruginosa whilethe 3rd group was inoculated S/C with (0.5)ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline and served as controlnegative group.. The resuls showed that the prepared antigen antigen induced a goodprotection in the immunized animals which was,characterized by survival all immunized animals and nobacterial isolates and pathological changes in the internal organs after infection with P.aeruginosa ascompared with nonimmunized infected animals,which died after infection, with severe bacterial isolatesand sever acute suppurative reaction in their internal organs
Possible beneficial effects of amlodipine, lisinopril, and their Combination on lipid profile in hypertensive patients
Authors: Alhamdani Fadia Y.
Published: May 2021

It is well known that monotherapy does not provide therapeutic response in all hypertensive. Somepatients show an excellent response, while in others there is a poor response. Combinationantihypertensive therapy is administered when blood pressure is inadequately controlled bymonotherapy to achieve a balanced and additive antihypertensive effect with minimum adverse effects.Both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and dihydropyridine type of calcium antagonistsare well established and widely used in monotherapy. An understanding of differences in themechanism of action of these agents allows a logical approach for the use of these agents as acombination therapy. This study was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of long actingcalcium channel blocker, amlodipine and the long acting Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor, lisinopril given either alone or in combination in patients with essential hypertension on lipidprofile (LDL-C and HDL-C) and on other parameters using a randomized double blind, crossoverstudy. The study includes 150 patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP)>140 mmHg and diastolicblood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg received amlodipine 5 mg, lisinopril 5 mg and their combinationprior randomization schedule. Systolic, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded at weeklyintervals while, serum levels of urea, creatinine, LDL-C and HDL-C where recorded at monthlyintervals, the duration of this study was 3 months. Results were obtained using paired students t-test,differences were considered significant with (p<0.05).A significant decline in SBP and DBP in all treatment groups (p<0.05) was recorded, the reductiontend to be more pronounced in the combination group. Moreover, there was a significant effect ofcombination on the heart rate, serum level of urea and creatinine, beside that, the level of HDL wassignificantly elevated with amlodipine and combination. We concluded that combination had additionalblood pressure lowering effect when compared either with amlodipine or lisinopril alone, in addition tothe greater effect on lipid profile which demonstrated that this combination is potentialantiatherosclerotic agent.
Reproductive Hormonal Evaluation Of Female Mice After Treatment With Pentoxifylline
Authors: Hassan Salema. L.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was the assessment of pentoxifylline (PTX) effects on female reproductivehormones as well the body and reproductive organs. Sixty white mice with approximately same ages(eight) weeks and body weights were randomly divided into (six.) equal groups 10 mice for each group.Group 1: Received tap water along the period of experiment and considered as a control group. Animalsof group 2,3,4,5 and 6 were treated with 16 mg (PTX) / Kg B.W. daily for 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeksrespectively. Before and after treatment all animals were weighed, and blood samples were taken forfollicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH) and Estradiol (E2) hormones analysis.After post – Mortem examination reproductive organs were excised and weighed. The experimentrevealed that PTX administration caused increase in total body and reproductive organs weights.Concerning the biochemical tests results revealed elevation in concentration of FSH, LH and E2hormones especially significant (P<0.001) in treated groups of (8 and 10 wks duration). Compairedwith another animal groups conclusion. Administration of PTX in low dose for 10 weeks has asignificant effect on reproductive hormones. This will influence reproduction and litter size manifestedafter mating with untreated males.
Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana in children in Baghdad- Al-Resafa
Authors: Yakoob Alia Y.
Published: May 2021

From March to November 2004 a total of 634 stool samples from the children coming to thehospitals, cure centers and randomly from the children of kindergarten and primary schools. Generalstool examination and precipitation methods were performed on each specimen, the infection rate ofHymenolpes nana 1.8% among children for both Gender(male and female) for different ages that hadbeen recorded the highest rate for (4- 6)year is 2.94% and the lowest rate for (9-12)year is 1.4%.Seasonal variation were discussed, that August was recorded the highest rate 5.8%.
Aflatoxin in Chicken's Feed and it's Effects on Apoptosis
Authors: A.Majeed Sahar H.
Published: May 2021

One hundred samples of ration, protein, corn, soybean, and wheat were collected from poultry houses in Baghdad and suburbs to examine Aflatoxin occurrence in chicken's diet. ALISA technique was used for this purpose.The results revealed presence of high level of Aflatoxin in ration (P< 0.05) compared with other contents of diet fallowed by soybean (P< 0.05) then corn, wheat, and protein respectively .These contents were mixed and tested by ELISA and presented to the experiment chicks. One hundred and twenty, one day old chicks, were divided to four groups, first group (G1) was fed contaminated Aflatoxin feed and did not vaccinated. The second group (G2) was fed contaminated feed and vaccinated with Newcastle Disease vaccine (NDV) and Infectious Bursal Disease vaccine (IBDV), whereas the third group (G3) was fed uncontaminated feed and vaccinated with NDV and IBDV, and the forth group (G4) -Control group- was fed uncontaminated feed and didn't vaccinated.After four days of the beginning of the experiment, blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected, and this procedure was repeated every four days to estimate total protein, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, ELISA test to detect (ND) antibody titer. Results showed decrease in total protein and (ND) antibodies in the groups which were fed contaminated feed.Liver and kidney samples were collected for histopathologic examination which showed vacculation, fatty change and hemorrhage in liver and kidney samples in addition to accumulation of lymphocytes. Condensing of Bauman capsule's tufts in kidney. Increased Kupher's cell in the liver. Apoptosis was noticed significantly in group one and group two, compared with group three and control. It was concluded that Aflatoxin in high concentration in chicken feed and feed contents was present, with negative impact of the toxin on ND vaccination and blood total protein, also affects the histology of liver and kidney.
Prenatal Study of Testes Growth and Histological Development 2-Fetal Goat
Authors: S.M Amin F.A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted on 53 samples of female local Kurdi goats uterus contained one or two fetuses .These samples were collected from Sulaimani slaughter house, A total of 53genitlia were consisted of 36 (67.92%)single and 17(32.08%)twin fetuses ,with a total of 70 fetus,of them 33(47.14%) and 37(52. 86%) were located in the right and left horns, respectively. The number of fetuses with macroscopically clear external sex organ was 55, the total number of male fetuses was 34(48.57%) while the female was 21(30%).The fetuses whose external organ could not be diagnosed were 15(21.42%). The weight of the fetal testes and the length of scrotum were increased steadily with an increasing in the fetal Crown Rump Length(CRL). When the CRL is 2.5-5cm testes location is close to the kidney, while testes are located in the inguinal ring and/or scrotum at about20-23 and 28cm.Histological sections of testes showed the density of fibroblast layer and connective tissue capsules as well as the appearance of seminiferous tubles containing a few spermatogonia cells and small leydig cells at early stages of CRL=8cm. With an increasing in CRL , the seminiferous tubules filled with different types of spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes cells ,increasing in number and size of sertoli and leydig cells. Different Types of spermatid were also present in sections of more than 20cm CRL. The study indicated that the fetal testes secreted testosterone hormone which is essential for testes development and descending
Two Different Diagnosis Methods For The detection of cholera toxin production From Vibrio cholerae isolated from different areas in Iraq
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Atheer
Published: May 2021

Fifty isolates of Vibrio cholerae obtained from different areas in Iraq from patients with acute secretory diarrhea were diagnosed serologically in central public health laboratory(CPHL), Two different methods were used for detection cholera toxin production ,the first based on the degradation of Nicotin Amide Adinine Dinucleotide( NAD) by Cholera toxin (CT). and the second was by detection CT gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).All Vibrio cholerae were cultured in alkaline peptone water, out of 50 isolates 46 (92%) were positive when we used NAD for the detection of cholera toxin(CT).Whereas all isolates gave positive results by PCR. From these data we conclude that the degradation of NAD by CT is simple and can be carried out in small laboratories, it is also easy to perform, and gives reproducible results, while PCR provides a more sensitive and specific assay for rapid diagnosis of cholera than currently available methods.
Effect of Coriander Seeds (Coriandrum Sativum) on Wool Growth and It's Traits and Some Haematological Traits of Awassi Ewes
Authors: AL-Zwein Drgham H. Yousif
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to find out the effect of coriander seeds as feed additive on some hematological traits and wool growth and it's physical traits of Awassi ewes, blood samples were taken biweekly for blood picture, and wool samples were taken every 2.5 months for wool growth and its physical traits. Eighteen Awassi ewes at the age of 2-3 years were randomly divided equally into three groups (6each ) "body weight was considered".Ewes in the first group kept as control and daily fed on concentrate diet (350 g/ head), while the second group was fed on the same diet contain (2.5%) of coriander seeds, while the third group was fed on same diet contain (5%) of coriander seeds. Also all animals were allowed to graze. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein for blood traits viz (PCV) packed cell volume, (Hb) hemoglobin, (MCHC) mean cell hemoglobin concentration. Wool samples (5×5) cm2 were clipped from the last six ribs of the right chest for measuring wool growth and its traits (creasy and clean wool, samples weights, clean wool ratio, staple and fiber lengths and diameters and wool fiber crimps in 1cm of length). The results of blood parameters revealed that the second and third groups were significantly (p<0.05) recorded higher values in their PCV ,Hb, MCHC during most studied periods compared with the control group ,While the second and third groups were significantly (P<0.05) recorded higher values than the first group (control) in their creasy and clean wool, fiber length, wool fiber crimps, while no differences where existed in other wool physical traits.
Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia Parasites in Patients of Four Regions in East – South Baghdad
Authors: Raof Shatha Abdul Wahab
Published: May 2021

A total of 250 stool specimens from patients live in Al-Ameen, Al-Mashtal, Al-Baladiyat and Al-Nahrawan, districts of Baghdad city were collected. The watery and loose specimens were wet mounted with normal saline and buffered methylene blue then all specimens concentrated and examined with Lugol's iodine solution. The protozoal parasites of medical importance Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were respectively detected in 59 (24.6%) and 42 (17.5%), samples with mixed infection were in eight samples. Differences due to district lacked significance. Statistical significance was observed when the influence of age category was tested (P<0.05). The highest infestation percentage with both parasites was noticed in the 5 – 10 years category whereas the lowest percentage was in the 19 – above years category. Seasonal variations and sex of the infected patients with both protozoa did not reach statistical significance. Significant differences were observed between number of infected patients with B. hominis and G. lamblia in the age categories of respectively Al-Ameen and Al-Baladiyat districts. Significance was recorded in the differences between percentages of the age categories' females as well as of the age category 5 – 10 years males and females that were infected with G. lamblia Similar significance marked the percentages of infection of both sexes with B hominis in the age categories
The Occurrence, Hemolytic, Cytotoxic Activity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Fish Samples in Baghdad
Authors: Alzainy Zainab Aun Ali
Published: May 2021

In this study a total of 60 samples of lived fishes (common carp) and frozen fishes were collected from 15 local markets in Baghdad city ,for isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila to determine the hemolytic ,cytotoxic activity of the isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility , 65% of our samples were found to be positive for Aeromonas hydrophila isolation 76.6% were in life fish samples and 53.3% in frozen fish 94.87% exhibited α and β hemolysis, 100% of life fish isolates show β hemolysis while frozen fish isolates show 85.7% β hemolysis and 14.3% α hemolysis , 97.43% of isolates show cytotoxic effect on Vero cells the highest frequency occur in the isolates of life fish group 60.50% , all isolates were 100% resistant to pencillin , ampicillin , Cloxacillin and Bacitracin in sensitivity test , and the resistance to other antibiotics appear to oxytetracycline 56.5% ,tetracycline 33.4% ,cephoxetin 30.8% , chloramphinicol and kanamycin 28.2% , at last the isolates show resistant to streptomycin and rifampicin in 23.1% and 15.4% respectively. These results demonstrated the presence of virulent food borne Aeromonas hydrophila in fish with multiple antibiotic resistance in Baghdad markets.
Effect of Spraying Nitrogen and Some Plants Extracts in the Vegetative Growth on (Lavandula officinalis L)
Authors: Abbas Alaulddin Abdulmunem
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in the special nursery in Mansour - Baghdad at 2011. to study the effect nitrogen 05 and 02 grams per liter in the form of urea as well as spraying four plant extracts which are Glycyrrhiz glabra uritica dioica Allium sativum Trigonella foenum – graecum and concentration of 5 grams per liter of distilled water and every extract plant in addition to the control treatment. Treatments were applied three times and the first was applied at 15-5-2011and the following applications were 15 days after the first application. Experiment were conducts using complete randomized block design with three replicates. Results, were analyzed using least significant differences at 5% probability. The results are summarized as follows:It was to spray the extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra significant effect in plant height it was 26.86 cm / plant compared to the treatment which was 2305 cm / plant, as well as to spray the extract of Uritica dioica significant effect in stem diameter of the main plant which was 0.34 cm with different insignificantly in compare with treatment of spraying extract of Trigonella foenum – graecum compared to the treatment was 0.21 cm also surpassed the treatment spraying 0.5 grams per liter of nitrogen significantly recipe in the number of branches per plant the number of branches 17.30 compared to the treatment comparison which reached 12.93.Either as the number of plant leaves it has surpassed the treatment spray Glycyrrhiza glabra extract significantly compared to other transaction it was 51083 leaf / plant compared to the treatment of non-spray amounting to 38783 leaf / plant and the results showed than spray treatment Glycyrrhiza glabra extract significantly in the description of total length of branches amounting to 395.90 cm / plant It also surpassed the treatment spray extract Uritica dioica significantly in the dry weight of leaves and was 61.13 gram / plant which was not different from the treatment of nitrogen 05 gram / L. As for the percentage content of chlorophyll pigment in the leaves was surpassed by 0.5 gN/L treatment of spraying nitrogen amounting to 33.60% which did
The physiological performance of offspring nursing from dams treated with different levels of sodium tungstat
Authors: Rasheed Suha A.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to recognize the different effects of administration of sodium tungstate in developmental indices of the offspring till weaning. Four groups of Albino Wistar pregnant female rats were used, the first one was control while the remaining three groups intubated with Na- tungstate 75, 150 and 300 mg/ kg/ day respectively since the first day of parturition throughout 21 days. Results referred to an elevation in weight gain of rat dams treated with 75 mg/ kg while weight gain of offspring elevated in both doses of 75 and 300 mg/ kg throughout 21 days, teeth and eye orifice were observed in doses of 75 and 300 mg/ kg faster than control while the mean of ovary weight elevated in both 75 and 300 mg/ kg however the dose 300 mg/ kg revealed the less value of testes weight. The conclusion of present study is that Na- tungstate has positive effects on developmental indices in offspring when administered through nursing until weaning.
Comparison the effect of aqueous leaves extract of Melia azedarach L. and Anastatica hierochuntic with antibiotic (Enrofloxaccin) on some blood and biochemical traits of broiler
Authors: ضنكي زيادطارق محمد
Published: May 2021

This experiment were conducted to compare the effect of aqueous leaves extract of Melia azedarach and Anastatica hierochuntic with the antibiotic (Enrofloxaccin) for 49 days, 270 chicks one day old (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into 6 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment and 15 chicks per replicate (45 chicks/treatment). The first treatment were the control, antibiotic (enrofloxaccin) were used in the second treatment at rate of 0.5 ml per liter of tap water, in the 3rd and 4th treatment the aqueous leaves extract of Anastatica hierochuntic were used at rate of 10 and 15 mg/L respectively, and in the 5th and 6th treatment the aqueous leaves extract of Melia azedarach were used at rate of 10 and 15 mg / ml resp. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for whole blood tests; Red and White Blood Cells count, biochemical serum tests were also involved ; the concentrate of total cholesterol, glucose, and total protein. The Data showed that using aqueous leaves extract of Anastatica hierochuntic at rate of 10 and 15 mg/L leading to significant increase in serum cholesterol concentration , while , protein serum concentration were significantly decreased in control and in 6th treatment where the aqueous extract of Melia azedarach were used at rate of 15 mg /ml , and there is no significant differences between the treatments in RBC , WBC count , and glucose concentration
Effect of dietary supplementation with rocket salad (Eruca sativa) seeds powder on certain seminal plasma traits of Hy – line laying breeder roosters subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Al – Daraji Hazim J.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of rocket salad seeds powder to the diet on seminal plasma traits of roosters subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. A total of 60 Hy – line laying breeder roosters 57 weeks old were used in this study. Roosters were randomly distributed into 5 treatments with 3 replicates each. Each replicate constituted of 4 roosters (12 roosters for each treatment). Experimental treatments were as following: T1: Males fed control diet and normal water, T2: Males fed diet supplemented with 3 gm rocket salad powder / kg of diet + 0.25 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water, T3: Males fed diet supplemented with 3 gm rocket salad powder / kg of diet + 0.5 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water, T4: Males fed diet supplemented with 3 gm rocket salad powder / kg of diet + 1 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water, and T5: Males fed control diet and drink tap water supplemented with 1 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water. Males were treated with hydrogen peroxide (6%) and rocket salad for 12 weeks starting from 59 week of male ages. Results revealed that treated the roosters with hydrogen peroxide without adding rocket salad powder to the diet of these roosters (T5) resulted in highly significant (p< 0.01) decrease as regards concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, glutathione, the activity of superoxide desmutase and catalase, and total antioxidant activity in seminal plasma and highly significant (p< 0.01) increase concerning concentrations of tyrosine and malondialdehyde as compared with control group (T1) and rocket salad powder treatments (T2, T3, T4) after 12 weeks of experiment. However, supplementing diet of roosters with rocket salad powder (T2, T3, T4) resulted in highly significant (p< 0.01) increase with relation to concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, glutathione, the activity of superoxide desmutase and catalase, and total antioxidant activity in seminal plasma and highly significant (p< 0.01) decrease respecting concentrations of tyrosine and malondialdehyde as compared with (T5) In conclusion adding rocket salad powder to the diet of roosters had important role in limiting the negative effect of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide on seminal plasma quality of roosters. Therefore, dietary supplementation with rocket salad powder could be used as one of important tools for improving semen quality of roosters.
Epidemiological study of goats infected with diarrhia caused by some bacteria of enterobacteriaceae
Authors: J.Z AL-Darraji A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to isolate of Enterobacteriace family and designed to determine the prevalence of this bacteria in goats in 6 residance area in Baghdad Governorate ( Yousifia, Mahmodia, Shoulla, Sader city, Khadmia and farm of College of Veterinary Medicine ). 300 fecal samples were collacted from diarrheaic goats aged between (1 day to 2 year) from male and female for many month ,Diagnostic study depending upon the morphological and cultural properties of the isolates on some selective media in addItion to different biochemical tests and API-20E and serological tests isolates of Salmonella. The results showed Isolation of 111bacterial Isolates which included 6 different species of enterobacteriace, Citrobacte braackii )48)isolates, Protues mirabilis(36) isolates, Protues vulgaris ( 4 ) isolates , Enterobacter cloacae (14)isolates , Klebsiella pneumonia isolates ( 5 ) , Salmonella enteritidis (2) isolates , Salmonella Newport(1)isolate and Providenica rettgeri(1)isolate. Results showed significant difference at p<0.05 in distribution of infection according to age of animals and months of year and didn’t showed significant difference at p<0.05 to all of bacteria isolated. In Salmonella infection the animals suffered from increase body temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, diarrhea and sever dehydration, the feces was white to green in colour containing blood , while the animals infected with other bacteria suffering from similar sings but less in severity than occurred in Salmonella.
Some normal value of coagulation tests, proteins concentration tests, iron concentration and copper concentration tests of local house cats in Baghdad city
Authors: Hasso Saleem Amin
Published: May 2021

Forty seven blood samples were collected from local house cats 25 male , 22 female , ranging in age from 1-15 year for both sexes for measuring the following parameters coagulation tests (total Platelets count, Clotting time, Prothrombin Time & Fibrinogen concentration ) and proteins concentration tests (Total protein concentration, Albumin , Globulin concentration ) and iron and copper concentration tests .the results as were follow (228.5 –1,537) X 109\L , (2-5)min , (6 - 15) sec , (0.5 -4) g\L , ( 61 - 83 ) g\L , (23.1 -38.2) g\L , (25.9-54.2) g\L , (5.21 – 45.56) μmol/L , (2.29 - 36.52) μmol/L) .the result showed significant differences at level (P<0.05) between the male and female of local house cats in total Platelets count and Prothrombin Time . Other studied parameters showed no significant differences at level (P<0.05) between the male and female in local house cats.
Comparative Histological Study of the Retina in the Eyes of two Fishes Silurus triostegus Heckel and Liza abu (Heckel)
Authors: Al-Jumaily Iman S.A.
Published: May 2021

The present Study Showed that the falciform process and vitereal vessels is extended upper to retina, which are found only in S. triostegus . The visual cells in both fishes have cones and rods with myoid element, myoids are inconspicuous in S. triostegus . The cones in S. triostegus are large but in L. abu found in four types, long single cones, short single cones, dwarf cones and twin cones. It appears that the cones in L. abu arranged as mosaic include square and row patterns, but they are distributed randomly in S. triostegus , also the cones in L. abu have lateral fins which are lack in S. triostegus .The result showed that three types of ganglion cells, long, medium and small as well as there is additional type called Giant ganglion cell found in L. abu .The head of optic nerve has multiple papillae in S. triostegus , while it is smooth in L. abu
Effect of Water Magnetic Treatment on Changes in Total Soluble Proteins and some Enzyme Activities in the Intestine of Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio
Authors: Thaker A. A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to follow the changes in proteins and some enzyme activities inCyprinus carpio were exposed Fish intestine of common carp exposed to magnetized water.to magnetized water for 8 days. Magnetic intensities of 750, 1500 and 3000 gauss were usedto magnetize water. The activities of enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, ALTand AST) were followed in the fish intestine. Besides, an electrophoresis change in esteraseenzyme was used to fallow. Activities of all enzymes were increased in the intestine of fishexposed to magnetized water. A new bands of esterase were induced which stained with alphanaphthyl acetate on polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis, while no changes in protein bandswere observed.
Detection of Canine Parvovirus in Baghdad city by PCR technique
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed F.
Published: May 2021

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV2) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of dogs, causingacute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis. In this study different mutant strains of the viruswere characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The fecal samples from infected dogssuspected for CPV2 infection were collected in a suitable medium. The viral DNA from fecalsamples was extracted using specific kits, PCR were carried out with five different primer,pCPV-2ab and pCPV-2b, to distinguish the strain prevalent in field condition. The primerpCPV-2ab recognized both variant CPV-2a and CPV-2b, whereas the primer pCPV-2brecognized only the variant CPV-2b, using the third primer pCPV to recognize the residualbase pair, enabling the differentiation of CPV-2a variant from CPV-2b in field isolates. Thedifferent PCR products were further analyzed by using gel electrophoresis.