bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AIE Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications
Authors: Zhan Ruoyu , Pan Yutong , Manghnani Purnima Naresh , Liu Bin
Published: December 2016

Aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) is a general phenomenon that is faced by traditional fluorescent polymers. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is exactly opposite to ACQ. AIE molecules are almost nonemissive in their molecularly dissolved state, but they can be induced to show high fluorescence in the aggregated or solid state. Incorporation of AIE phenomenon into polymer design has yielded various polymers with AIE characteristics. In this review, the recent progress of AIE polymers for biological applications is summarized.

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Investigation of the microbial communities colonizing prepainted steel used for roofing and walling
Authors: Huynh Tran T. , Jamil Ili , Pianegonda Nicole A. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Barker Philip J. , Manefield Mike , Rice Scott A.
Published: December 2016

Microbial colonization of prepainted steel, commonly used in roofing applications, impacts their aesthetics, durability, and functionality. Understanding the relevant organisms and the mechanisms by which colonization occurs would provide valuable information that can be subsequently used to design fouling prevention strategies. Here, next‐generation sequencing and microbial community finger printing (T‐RFLP) were used to study the community composition of microbes colonizing prepainted steel roofing materials at Burrawang, Australia and Kapar, Malaysia over a 52‐week period. Community diversity was low and was dominated by Bacillus spp., cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, Cladosporium sp., Epicoccum nigrum, and Teratosphaeriaceae sp. Cultivation‐based methods isolated approximately 20 different fungi and bacteria, some of which, such as E. nigrum and Cladosporium sp., were represented in the community sequence data. Fluorescence in situ hybridization imaging showed that fungi were the most dominant organisms present. Analysis of the sequence and T‐RFLP data indicated that the microbial communities differed significantly between locations and changed significantly over time. The study demonstrates the utility of molecular ecology tools to identify and characterize microbial communities associated with the fouling of painted steel surfaces and ultimately can enable the targeted development of control strategies based on the dominant species responsible for fouling.
Experimental investigation on the accuracy of plastic scintillators and of the spectrum discrimination method in small photon fields
Authors: Papaconstadopoulos Pavlos , Archambault Louis , Seuntjens Jan
Published: December 2016

Purpose

To investigate the accuracy of output factor measurements using a commercial (Exradin W1, SI) and a prototype, “in‐house” developed, plastic scintillation dosimeter (PSD) in small photon fields.

Methods

Repetitive detector‐specific output factor OFdet measurements were performed in water (parallel to the CAX) using two W1 PSDs (SI), a PTW microLion, a PTW microDiamond and an unshielded diode D1V (SI) to which Monte Carlo calculated corrections factors were applied. Four sets of repetitive measurements were performed with the W1 PSD positioned parallel and perpendicular to the CAX, each set on a different day, and with analytically calculated volume averaging corrections applied. The W1 OFdet measurements were compared to measurements using an “in‐house” developed PSD in water (CHUQ) and both were validated against a previously commissioned Monte Carlo beam model in small photon fields. The performance of the spectrum discrimination calibration procedure was evaluated under different fiber orientations and wavelength threshold choices and the impact on the respective OFdet was reported.

Results

For all detectors in the study an excellent agreement was observed down to a field size of 1 × 1 cm2. For the smallest field size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm2, the W1 PSDs presented OFdet readings higher by 3.8 to 5.0% relative to the mean corrected OFdet of the rest of the detectors and by 5.8 to 6.1% relative to the CHUQ PSD. The repetitive W1 OFdet measurements in water (parallel CAX) were higher by 3.9% relative to the OFdet measurements in Solid WaterTM(perpendicular CAX) even after volume averaging corrections were applied, indicating a potential fiber orientation dependency in small fields. Uncertainties in jaw and detector repositioning as well as source variations with time were estimated to be less than 0.9% (1 σ) for the W1 under both orientations. The CHUQ PSD agreed with the MC dose calculations in water, for the smallest field size, within 1.1–1.7% before any corrections and within 0.3–0.8% after volume averaging corrections. The spectrum discrimination method provided reproducible Cherenkov spectra under the different calibration set‐ups with noisier spectra extracted if the calibration is performed in water and parallel to the CAX. The impact of fiber orientation and wavelength threshold during calibration on OFdet was in general minimal.

Conclusions

Clinically relevant differences were observed between similar scintillator dosimeters in photon fields smaller than 1 ×  1 cm2. Further research on PSDs is needed that can explain the origin of these differences especially related to the Cherenkov spectrum dependencies on the optical fiber technical characteristics.
Phytoelectrochemical analysis of Zanthoxylum chiloperone
Authors: Cebrián‐Torrejón Gerardo , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Figadère Bruno , Poupon Erwan , Fournet Alain
Published: December 2016

Introduction

An innovative application of the voltammetry of microparticles methodology to characterize the phytochemical composition of extracts of different parts of Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium Engl. is described.

Objective

Characterize the phytochemical composition of extracts of different parts of plants by electrochemical methodologies.

Methods

The voltammetry of microparticles methodology was applied to alcoholic extracts from leaves, seeds, fruits, roots and stem bark of Zanthoxylum chiloperone.

Results

In contact with aqueous phosphate buffer, characteristic cathodic signals of its main natural products (canthin‐6‐one, 5‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one and trans‐avicennol) were recorded. The study of the voltammograns allows the estimation of the relative amounts of canthin‐6‐one, 5‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one and trans‐avicennol from the different parts of Zanthoxylum chiloperone.

Conclusion

The voltammetric responses of alcoholic extracts from different parts of Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium allows their phytochemical characterization without need of sample pretreatment thus illustrating the capabilities of the voltammetry of microparticles methodology to increase the tools applied to phytochemical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Set‐off: Development of a Simulation Press and Analytical Approach to Study the Phenomenon
Authors: Lemos Aline Brionisio , Perez Mary Ângela Fávaro , Bordin Mauricio Rossi , Silva Lecticia Bose , Godoy Helena Teixeira , Padula Marisa
Published: December 2016

One type of mass transfer between package and food is through set‐off. This phenomenon is defined as the transfer of components from the external layer (printed surface) of a packaging material to the inner side (surface to come into contact with food) during storage of printed substrates in reels or stacks. The objective of this work was to build up the equipment for set‐off simulation and to assess the extent of benzophenone (BP) transfer. BP is a model photoinitiator used in standard ultraviolet curable inks (non‐low migration inks). For set‐off simulation, the storage conditions (time, temperature and pressure) and the ink film weight are provided by EuPIA Guidelines. Ethanol 50% (v/v) as simulant and contact condition of 40°C/10 days were used. Samples were printed and cured at different speeds. The migrated BP was determined by analysing the extracts using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detector. Set‐off phenomenon extent was dependent on the curing. In general, the BP migrations increase as speed increased. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Historical Writing Apprenticeship for Adolescents: Integrating Disciplinary Learning With Cognitive Strategies
Authors: De La Paz Susan , Monte‐Sano Chauncey , Felton Mark , Croninger Robert , Jackson Cara , Piantedosi Kelly Worland
Published: December 2016

This study explored the extent to which an 18‐day history and writing curriculum intervention, taught over the course of one year, helped culturally and academically diverse adolescents achieve important disciplinary literacy learning in history. Teachers used a cognitive apprenticeship form of instruction for the integration of historical reading and writing strategies and content learning with the goal of improving students' historical argument writing. The intervention had positive and significant results for each writing outcome. After controlling for variables associated with students' incoming abilities, the researchers found moderate to large effects for all participants. Relative to basic readers in the control condition, those participating in the intervention scored higher in historical writing and writing quality and wrote longer essays; these results translate into effect sizes of .45 on basic readers' historical writing, .32 on their overall writing quality, and .60 on the length of their papers. Teachers implemented the reading and writing curriculum intervention with high levels of implementation fidelity, leading the researchers to explore additional factors that contributed to students' success after accounting for teacher effectiveness. The results indicate further benefits dependent on the degree to which students completed the curriculum.
Surface/interface phenomena in nano‐multilayer coating under severing tribological conditions
Authors: Fox‐Rabinovich G. S. , Gershman I. S. , Yamamoto K. , Aguirre M. H. , Covelli D. , Arif T. , Aramesh M. , Shalaby M. A. , Veldhuis S.
Published: December 2016

An extensive study of surface/interface phenomena during wear of an adaptive TiAlCrSiYN/TiAlCrN nano‐multilayer coating deposited using physical vapor deposition was undertaken under increasingly severe tribological conditions associated with dry end milling of H13 hardened tool steel. The results of FEM modeling on the temperature/stress distribution at different cutting speeds outline actual cutting conditions on the both rake and flank frictional surfaces of the coated tool. Studies of the surface/interface phenomena were made by means of SEM/high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy/XPS analyses. Results demonstrate that intensifying tribological conditions facilitates improved wear performance of the adaptive coating layer. In extreme tribological conditions of ultra‐performance machining (cutting speed of 500 m/min), the self‐organization process establishes entirely through the formation of a nano‐scale layer of dynamically re‐generating tribo‐ceramic films. The formation of these surface nano‐films results in exceptionally efficient protection of the underlying coating layers. In response to the extreme external environment, the coating layer remained almost undamaged during a long run, demonstrating the capacity to efficiently replenish necessary tribo‐ceramic films. In this way, interconnection of various surface and undersurface processes is established in the hierarchically structured tribo‐films/coating layer. This integral performance is responsible for exceptional wear resistance under intensifying and extreme tribological conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of surface morphology on measurement and interpretation of boundary slip on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Ahmad Khurshid , Zhao Xuezeng , Pan Yunlu
Published: December 2016

Highly liquid repellent surfaces have been obtained by the combination of roughness and hydrophobicity. Studies have reported that the flow over such surfaces exhibits larger boundary slip as compared to the smooth hydrophobic surfaces. However, the surface roughness can also lead to apparent slip. Thus, the effect of the two factors, that is, wettability and roughness, needs to be segregated. In this study, we have measured the slippage of water on rough hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy technique (CP‐AFM). Results showed that the effect of surface roughness on the measured slip is dominant over that of wettability. It was also found that slip on surfaces with sparsely distributed asperities is highly local and measurements on various locations give dissimilar results. The results suggested that the main reason of the larger slip, on rough hydrophobic surfaces, is likely to be the roughness and not the hydrophobicity. Moreover, it was also found that the slip does not vary considerably with the increase or decrease in the shear rate. Most likely, this kind of slip phenomena is caused by the apparent decrease of the drag force, because the nanoasperities on the surface restrict the probe from reaching the surface properly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical evaluation of downlink interference mitigation in multi‐macrocell/femtocell networks with frequency & cell partitioning
Authors: Chen Da , Jiang Tao , Li Haibo , Song Guochao
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we propose an interference mitigation method to suppress the downlink interference in multi‐macrocell/femtocell networks, and analytically evaluate the interference mitigation and average rate performances. Specifically, the proposed interference mitigation method consists of three steps: frequency partitioning, cell partitioning, and sub‐band allocation. In the frequency partitioning step, the whole downlink frequency band is divided into nine non‐overlapping sub‐bands. In the cell partitioning step, each macrocell is divided into four macrocell regions and three femtocell regions for macrocells' and femtocells' communications, respectively. In the sub‐band allocation step, each macrocell or femtocell region is allocated a sub‐band to guarantee that any two neighboring macrocell/femtocell regions use different sub‐bands. Conducted simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in mitigating the downlink interference and improving the average downlink per‐channel rate in multi‐macrocell/femtocell networks. In summary, the major contribution of the proposed interference mitigation method is that the downlink interference can be mitigated without cooperation between macrocells and femtocells, while the full frequency utilization of the macrocell is achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consolidated ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers at elevated temperature by Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered with inulinase expression through cell surface display
Authors: Khatun M Mahfuza , Liu Chen-Guang , Zhao Xin-Qing , Yuan Wen-Jie , Bai Feng-Wu
Published: December 2016

Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers was performed at elevated temperatures by the consolidated bioprocessing strategy using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MK01 expressing inulinase through cell surface display. No significant difference was observed in yeast growth when temperature was controlled at 38 and 40 °C, respectively, but inulinase activity with yeast cells was substantially enhanced at 40 °C. As a result, enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin was facilitated and ethanol production was improved with 89.3 g/L ethanol produced within 72 h from 198.2 g/L total inulin sugars consumed. Similar results were also observed in ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers with 85.2 g/L ethanol produced within 72 h from 185.7 g/L total sugars consumed. On the other hand, capital investment on cooling facilities and energy consumption for running the facilities would be saved, since regular cooling water instead of chill water could be used to cool down the fermentation system.
Depressed adolescents' positive and negative use of social media
Authors: Radovic Ana , Gmelin Theresa , Stein Bradley D. , Miller Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

This qualitative study examined descriptions of social media use among 23 adolescents (18 female, 5 male) who were diagnosed with depression to explore how social media use may influence and be influenced by psychological distress. Adolescents described both positive and negative use of social media. Positive use included searching for positive content (i.e. for entertainment, humor, content creation) or for social connection. Negative use included sharing risky behaviors, cyberbullying, and for making self‐denigrating comparisons with others. Adolescents described three types of use in further detail including “oversharing” (sharing updates at a high frequency or too much personal information), “stressed posting” (sharing negative updates with a social network), and encountering “triggering posts.” In the context of treatment, these adolescents shifted their social media use patterns from what they perceived as negative to more positive use. Implications for clinicians counseling depressed adolescents on social media use are discussed.
Critical review of the Appropriate Use Criteria for amyloid imaging: Effect on diagnosis and patient care
Authors: Apostolova Liana G. , Haider Janelle M. , Goukasian Naira , Rabinovici Gil D. , Chételat Gael , Ringman John M. , Kremen Sarah , Grill Joshua D. , Restrepo Lucas , Mendez Mario F. , Silverman Daniel H.
Published: December 2016

Introduction

The utility of the Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for amyloid imaging is not established.

Methods

Fifty‐three cognitively impaired patients with clinical F18‐florbetapir imaging were classified as early and late onset, as well as AUC‐consistent or AUC‐inconsistent. Chi‐square statistics and t test were used to compare demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes as appropriate.

Results

Early‐onset patients were more likely to be amyloid positive. Change in diagnosis was more frequent in late‐onset cases. Change in therapy was more common in early‐onset cases. AUC‐consistent and AUC‐inconsistent cases had comparable rates of amyloid positivity. We saw no difference in the rate of treatment changes in the AUC‐consistent group as opposed to the AUC‐inconsistent group.

Discussion

The primary role of amyloid imaging in the early‐onset group was to confirm the clinically suspected etiology, and in the late‐onset group in detecting amyloid‐negative cases. The rate of therapeutic changes was significantly greater in the early‐onset cases.
Imaging markers of cerebrovascular pathologies: Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and risk factors
Authors: Raman Mekala R. , Kantarci Kejal , Murray Melissa E. , Jack Clifford R. , Vemuri Prashanthi
Published: December 2016

Cerebrovascular pathologies (CVPs) are common pathologies associated with age‐related cognitive decline along with Alzheimer disease pathologies. The impact of CVP on the prevalence of dementia is increasingly being recognized. The goal of this review is to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings and the multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography imaging changes that are associated with the hallmarks of CVP. This knowledge will facilitate the development of early detection, intervention, and prevention strategies that may contribute to lowering the risk of dementia. In this review, we will first discuss currently known risk factors of CVPs including cardiovascular, lifestyle, genetic, sex differences, and head injury. Next, we will focus on the pathophysiology of CVPs and their impact on neurodegeneration and downstream cognitive impairment. Specifically, we will discuss three of the most common cerebrovascular lesions seen on MRI: white‐matter hyperintensity, microbleeds, and infarcts. Finally, we will discuss the unanswered open questions in this field.
Dimensional and discrete variations on the psychosis continuum in a Dutch crowd-sourcing population sample
Authors: Wigman J.T.W. , Wardenaar K.J. , Wanders R.B.K. , Booij S.H. , Jeronimus B.F. , van der Krieke L. , Wichers M. , de Jonge P.
Published: December 2016

Background

Mild psychotic experiences are common in the general population. Although transient and benign in most cases, these experiences are predictive of later mental health problems for a significant minority. The goal of the present study was to perform examinations of the dimensional and discrete variations in individuals’ reporting of subclinical positive and negative psychotic experiences in a unique Dutch internet-based sample from the general population.

Methods

Positive and negative subclinical psychotic experiences were measured with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in 2870 individuals. First, the prevalence of these experiences and their associations with demographics, affect, psychopathology and quality of life were investigated. Next, latent class analysis was used to identify data-driven subgroups with different symptom patterns, which were subsequently compared on aforementioned variables.

Results

Subclinical psychotic experiences were commonly reported. Both positive and negative psychotic experiences were associated with younger age, more negative affect, anxiety and depression as well as less positive affect and poorer quality of life. Seven latent classes (‘Low psychotic experiences’, ‘Lethargic’, ‘Blunted’, ‘Distressed’, ‘Paranormal’, ‘Distressed_grandiose’ and ‘Distressed/positive psychotic experiences’) were identified that demonstrated both dimensional differences in the number/severity of psychotic experiences and discrete differences in the patterns of reported experiences.

Conclusion

Subclinical psychotic experiences show both dimensional severity variations and discrete symptom-pattern variations across individuals. To understand and capture all interindividual variations in subclinical psychotic experiences, their number, nature and context (co-occurrence patterns) should be considered at the same time. Only some psychotic experiences may lay on a true psychopathological psychosis continuum.
Plant Proteins are Smaller Because They are Encoded by Fewer Exons than Animal Proteins
Authors: Ramírez-Sánchez Obed , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Delaye Luis , Tiessen Axel
Published: December 2016

Protein size is an important biochemical feature since longer proteins can harbor more domains and therefore can display more biological functionalities than shorter proteins. We found remarkable differences in protein length, exon structure, and domain count among different phylogenetic lineages. While eukaryotic proteins have an average size of 472 amino acid residues (aa), average protein sizes in plant genomes are smaller than those of animals and fungi. Proteins unique to plants are ∼81 aa shorter than plant proteins conserved among other eukaryotic lineages. The smaller average size of plant proteins could neither be explained by endosymbiosis nor subcellular compartmentation nor exon size, but rather due to exon number. Metazoan proteins are encoded on average by ∼10 exons of small size [∼176 nucleotides (nt)]. Streptophyta have on average only ∼5.7 exons of medium size (∼230 nt). Multicellular species code for large proteins by increasing the exon number, while most unicellular organisms employ rather larger exons (>400 nt). Among subcellular compartments, membrane proteins are the largest (∼520 aa), whereas the smallest proteins correspond to the gene ontology group of ribosome (∼240 aa). Plant genes are encoded by half the number of exons and also contain fewer domains than animal proteins on average. Interestingly, endosymbiotic proteins that migrated to the plant nucleus became larger than their cyanobacterial orthologs. We thus conclude that plants have proteins larger than bacteria but smaller than animals or fungi. Compared to the average of eukaryotic species, plants have ∼34% more but ∼20% smaller proteins. This suggests that photosynthetic organisms are unique and deserve therefore special attention with regard to the evolutionary forces acting on their genomes and proteomes.
Understanding the Impact of Interventions to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistant Infections in the Long-Term Care Facility: A Review and Practical Guide to Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Rosello Alicia , Horner Carolyne , Hopkins Susan , Hayward Andrew C. , Deeny Sarah R.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES

(1) To systematically search for all dynamic mathematical models of infectious disease transmission in long-term care facilities (LTCFs); (2) to critically evaluate models of interventions against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in this setting; and (3) to develop a checklist for hospital epidemiologists and policy makers by which to distinguish good quality models of AMR in LTCFs.

METHODS

The CINAHL, EMBASE, Global Health, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies of dynamic mathematical models set in LTCFs. Models of interventions targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in LTCFs were critically assessed. Using this analysis, we developed a checklist for good quality mathematical models of AMR in LTCFs.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Overall, 18 papers described mathematical models that characterized the spread of infectious diseases in LTCFs, but no models of AMR in gram-negative bacteria in this setting were described. Future models of AMR in LTCFs require a more robust methodology (ie, formal model fitting to data and validation), greater transparency regarding model assumptions, setting-specific data, realistic and current setting-specific parameters, and inclusion of movement dynamics between LTCFs and hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS

Mathematical models of AMR in gram-negative bacteria in the LTCF setting, where these bacteria are increasingly becoming prevalent, are needed to help guide infection prevention and control. Improvements are required to develop outputs of sufficient quality to help guide interventions and policy in the future. We suggest a checklist of criteria to be used as a practical guide to determine whether a model is robust enough to test policy.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:216–225
Assessment of an Aggregate-Level Hand Hygiene Monitoring Technology for Measuring Hand Hygiene Performance Among Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Limper Heather M. , Slawsky Lynn , Garcia-Houchins Sylvia , Mehta Supriya , Hershow Ronald C. , Landon Emily
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Despite significant advances in technological methods for hand hygiene surveillance, a lack of evidence prohibits comparison of systems to one another or against the current gold standard of direct observation.

OBJECTIVE

To validate a hand hygiene monitoring technology (HHMT) designed to capture hand hygiene behaviors aggregated at the hospital-unit level (GOJO Industries, Akron, OH).

METHODS

Our team followed a rigorous validation approach to assess the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of an HHMT. A planned path was first used to measure the accuracy of the system when purposefully activated by investigators. Next, behavioral validation was used to quantify accuracy of the system in capturing real-world behaviors.

RESULTS

During the planned path phase, investigators performed 4,872 unique events across 3 distinct hospital buildings varying in size and age since construction. Overall sensitivity across the medical center was 88.7% with a PPV of 99.2%. During the behavioral validation phase, trained direct observers recorded 5,539 unique events across 3 distinct hospital buildings. Overall sensitivity across the medical center was 92.7% and PPV was 84.4%.

CONCLUSION

Objective measures of sensitivity and PPV indicate the promise of the benefit of this and other HHMTs to capture basic behaviors associated with hand hygiene.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:348–352
Electronic Syndromic Surveillance for Influenza-Like Illness Across Treatment Settings
Authors: Ridgway Jessica P. , Lauderdale Diane , Thisted Ronald , Robicsek Ari
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

Syndromic surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) is predominantly performed in the outpatient setting. The objective of this study was to compare patterns of ILI activity in outpatient, emergency department (ED), and inpatient settings using an electronic syndromic surveillance algorithm.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study over 7.5 years.

SETTING

A large community health system comprised of 5 hospitals and >50 clinics.

METHODS

We applied an electronic syndromic surveillance algorithm for ILI to all primary-care outpatient visits, inpatient encounters, and ED encounters at our health system. Comparisons of ILI activity over time were performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Cross correlation was used to compare the timing of ILI activity among treatment settings.

RESULTS

Overall, 4,447,769 patient encounters occurred during the study period; 152,607 of these (3.4%) were consistent with ILI. The correlation coefficient for ILI activity in the outpatient versus ED setting was 0.877, and for the outpatient versus inpatient setting, the correlation coefficient was 0.699. ILI activity among outpatients preceded ILI activity among inpatients by 1 week. ILI activity among children in the outpatient setting preceded ILI activity among adults in all 3 settings by 1 week.

CONCLUSIONS

Syndromic surveillance for ILI in the outpatient setting yields similar results to surveillance in the ED setting, but it produces less similar results than ILI surveillance in the inpatient setting. ILI activity in the pediatric outpatient population is a potential predictor of future ILI activity in the general population.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:393–398
BOULEZ, INFORMATION SCIENCE AND IRCAM
Authors: Maconie Robin
Published: December 2016

The rise of information science and its effect on contemporary arts is a topic raised in Stravinsky and Craft's Memories and Commentaries in 1959. It makes sense to inquire how the fundamental priorities and exact discriminations of communications science might have altered the ground rules of musical invention and contemporary listening habits. Answers lie thin on the ground, the few composers most deeply implicated in the information revolution – Babbitt, Boulez, Stockhausen and Cage in particular – having chosen to remain silent on issues relating to the hidden side of the avant-garde. ‘No gossip!’ said Stockhausen to me, in a blunt email in 1998.
LOVE AND APPROPRIATION
Authors: Sarsfield Donal
Published: December 2016

It is now six weeks since I stepped between the train and the platform at Frankfurt am Hain, rushing to catch the slightly delayed 17:34 train to Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof. I'm not sure why I was rushing – the first concert was not until 20:00, so I had plenty of time. My right foot fell through, and the front of my leg hit the step of the train quite hard. I thought it would bleed, but it didn't. It just turned to a very hard bruise (haematoma I was later told). You couldn't really see the raised bump with the eye, it wasn't sore, but if you ran your hand over my leg you could feel it. I had booked my train from Liverpool specifically so I could see Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's Vortex Temporum once more. I had seen it at Sadler's Wells and had been pleased, but was lucky enough to see Rosas performing Work/Travail/Arbeid as an installation at the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern. There, it was a revelation. Whether it was the space, the extra forces, or just the freedom to walk away, I was entranced. Best of all it was free. She was there herself, making comments, keeping an eye on things.
Randy: Art and Public Policy
Authors: Engel Kathy
Published: December 2016

This article hopes to evoke even a glimmer of the rare, far-reaching, and intensely probing, brilliant person, mentor, colleague, and critical thinker, Randy Martin, in a form that might open up traditionally demarcated spaces on the page and in discussion. It is intended as tribute to a person who so deftly and intentionally opened up spaces for thought and imagining.
Gas emission of anode polymer coating and its influence on applied – Br magnetically insulated ion diode characteristics
Authors: Lopatin V.S. , Stepanov A.V. , Remnev G.E. , Shamanin V.I.
Published: December 2016

The paper presents the result of investigation gas emission from anode polymer coating of applied – Br magnetically insulated ion diode. The gas pressure value for any polymer type was determined. The investigations of the pressure variation were carried out during the pulse repetition rate of ion beam from 1 to 4 pps. The residual gas pressure value variation inside the vacuum chamber influenced on the ion beam parameters. The mass content of ion beam injected into the transition area did not depend on the residual gas pressure value. The breakdown of residual gas pressure by eddy electric field of magnetic coils was investigated.
Revisiting dynamic constraint satisfaction for model-based planning
Authors: Frank Jeremy
Published: December 2016

As planning problems become more complex, it is increasingly useful to integrate complex constraints on time and resources into planning models, and use constraint reasoning approaches to help solve the resulting problems. Dynamic constraint satisfaction is a key enabler of automated planning in the presence of such constraints. In this paper, we identify some limitations with the previously developed theories of dynamic constraint satisfaction. We identify a minimum set of elementary transformations from which all other transformations can be constructed. We propose a new classification of dynamic constraint satisfaction transformations based on a formal criteria, namely the change in the fraction of solutions. This criteria can be used to evaluate elementary transformations of a constraint satisfaction problem as well as sequences of transformations. We extend the notion of transformations to include constrained optimization problems. We discuss how this new framework can inform the evolution of planning models, automated planning algorithms, and mixed-initiative planning.
Acquisition of nouns and verbs in Italian pre-school children
Authors: COLOMBO LUCIA , NAVARRETE EDUARDO , ARFÉ BARBARA
Published: December 2016

Noun and verb acquisition was investigated in three- and five-year-old Italian children by means of picture naming of objects and actions, selected from Druks and Masterson (2000). The aim was to examine the previously reported advantage of nouns compared to verbs. Older children were faster than younger children, and naming latencies were faster for object pictures than for action pictures. For errors, the advantage of objects over actions was greater for younger children. A qualitative analysis of errors was carried out according to a classification derived by Masterson, Druks, and Gallienne (2008). Overall, 25% of the errors reflected a complete lack of knowledge of the names or of the meanings of the pictures. Most errors, however, were likely to be due to a not yet fully developed knowledge of the meaning of words labelling the pictures, or to an incomplete conceptual representation, and this pattern was more marked for action concepts.
Religious Freedom: The Catholic Approach
Authors: O'Mahony David
Published: December 2016

I should make plain at the beginning that I am neither a theologian nor a church historian, and I do not represent the Catholic Church. What follows is merely my understanding of the key documents and some of the key interventions by the Church on the topic of religious freedom over the last fifty years. In writing this comment, I have used a collection of the Church's statements on religious freedom published by the Caritas in Veritate Foundation in Geneva. This foundation is concerned with the social doctrine of the Church and seeks to support the work of the Holy See and other Roman Catholic bodies at the United Nations. Anybody interested in the Church's position on this and related issues will find some useful material on the foundation's website.
General Synod of the Church of England
Authors: Slack Stephen
Published: December 2016

This report covers the first three groups of sessions of the new General Synod elected in 2015. The previous Synod having completed its legislative business and the inaugural group of sessions of a new Synod customarily being short, legislative business only really got under way at the February 2016 group of sessions.
Second and heritage language acquisition of Korean case drop
Authors: CHUNG EUN SEON
Published: December 2016

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate how early and late bilinguals attain implicit knowledge of Korean case drop that necessitates integration of multiple levels of information. An oral picture description task and a written forced-choice elicitation task were developed to investigate how different populations employ the relevant factors in Korean case drop and if certain types of cues are more accessible than others. The results reveal qualitative differences in the underlying linguistic knowledge of early vs. late bilinguals with early bilinguals achieving a higher level of mastery than late bilinguals in both oral and written tasks. The results underline the importance of age, context, and mode of acquisition and suggest that bilingual difficulty in the present phenomenon mainly arises from learners heavily relying on cues that are readily available to them in their respective context of acquisition and failing to effectively coordinate multiple constraints.
Autocracy, Religious Restriction, and Religious Civil War
Authors: Kim Dongsuk , Choi Hyun Jin
Published: December 2016

This article illuminates the relationship between level of religious restriction and the onset of religious civil war in the context of autocracy. That is, we investigate how autocrats' religious restriction accounts for religious civil war. We hypothesize that in autocracies, moderate religious restriction is likely to engender religious civil war (Hypothesis 1), policy change from religious laissez-faire to moderate restriction raises the probability of religious civil war (Hypothesis 2), and the transition from tight restriction to moderate restriction is likely to trigger religious civil war (Hypothesis 3). To test our hypotheses, we conduct statistical analyses as well as case studies. The results confirm Hypotheses 1 and 2, but not Hypothesis 3. This suggests that (1) within autocracies, different levels of religious restriction exert different effects on religious civil war and (2) moderate religious restriction is dangerous enough to spark religious civil war and religious laissez-faire helps to generate religious peace.
Production of individualized V gene databases reveals high levels of immunoglobulin genetic diversity
Authors: Corcoran Martin M. , Phad Ganesh E. , Bernat Néstor Vázquez , Stahl-Hennig Christiane , Sumida Noriyuki , Persson Mats A.A. , Martin Marcel , Hedestam Gunilla B. Karlsson
Published: December 2016

Comprehensive knowledge of immunoglobulin genetics is required to advance our understanding of B cell biology. Validated immunoglobulin variable (V) gene databases are close to completion only for human and mouse. We present a novel computational approach, IgDiscover, that identifies germline V genes from expressed repertoires to a specificity of 100%. IgDiscover uses a cluster identification process to produce candidate sequences that, once filtered, results in individualized germline V gene databases. IgDiscover was tested in multiple species, validated by genomic cloning and cross library comparisons and produces comprehensive gene databases even where limited genomic sequence is available. IgDiscover analysis of the allelic content of the Indian and Chinese-origin rhesus macaques reveals high levels of immunoglobulin gene diversity in this species. Further, we describe a novel human IGHV3-21 allele and confirm significant gene differences between Balb/c and C57BL6 mouse strains, demonstrating the power of IgDiscover as a germline V gene discovery tool.
Molecular and electronic structure of terminal and alkali metal-capped uranium(V) nitride complexes
Authors: King David M. , Cleaves Peter A. , Wooles Ashley J. , Gardner Benedict M. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Tuna Floriana , Lewis William , McInnes Eric J. L. , Liddle Stephen T.
Published: December 2016

Determining the electronic structure of actinide complexes is intrinsically challenging because inter-electronic repulsion, crystal field, and spin–orbit coupling effects can be of similar magnitude. Moreover, such efforts have been hampered by the lack of structurally analogous families of complexes to study. Here we report an improved method to U≡N triple bonds, and assemble a family of uranium(V) nitrides. Along with an isoelectronic oxo, we quantify the electronic structure of this 5f1family by magnetometry, optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and modelling. Thus, we define the relative importance of the spin–orbit and crystal field interactions, and explain the experimentally observed different ground states. We find optical absorption linewidths give a potential tool to identify spin–orbit coupled states, and show measurement of UV···UVsuper-exchange coupling in dimers by EPR. We show that observed slow magnetic relaxation occurs via two-phonon processes, with no obvious correlation to the crystal field.
Emergent order in the kagome Ising magnet Dy3Mg2Sb3O14
Authors: Paddison Joseph A. M. , Ong Harapan S. , Hamp James O. , Mukherjee Paromita , Bai Xiaojian , Tucker Matthew G. , Butch Nicholas P. , Castelnovo Claudio , Mourigal Martin , Dutton S. E.
Published: December 2016

The Ising model—in which degrees of freedom (spins) are binary valued (up/down)—is a cornerstone of statistical physics that shows rich behaviour when spins occupy a highly frustrated lattice such as kagome. Here we show that the layered Ising magnet Dy3Mg2Sb3O14 hosts an emergent order predicted theoretically for individual kagome layers of in-plane Ising spins. Neutron-scattering and bulk thermomagnetic measurements reveal a phase transition at ∼0.3 K from a disordered spin-ice-like regime to an emergent charge ordered state, in which emergent magnetic charge degrees of freedom exhibit three-dimensional order while spins remain partially disordered. Monte Carlo simulations show that an interplay of inter-layer interactions, spin canting and chemical disorder stabilizes this state. Our results establish Dy3Mg2Sb3O14 as a tuneable system to study interacting emergent charges arising from kagome Ising frustration.
Anthropogenic- and natural sources of dust in peatland during the Anthropocene
Authors: Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł B. , Smieja-Król B. , Frontasyeva M. , Słowiński M. , Marcisz K. , Lapshina E. , Gilbert D. , Buttler A. , Jassey V. E. J. , Kaliszan K. , Laggoun-Défarge F. , Kołaczek P. , Lamentowicz M.
Published: December 2016

As human impact have been increasing strongly over the last decades, it is crucial to distinguish human-induced dust sources from natural ones in order to define the boundary of a newly proposed epoch - the Anthropocene. Here, we track anthropogenic signatures and natural geochemical anomalies in the Mukhrino peatland, Western Siberia. Human activity was recorded there from cal AD 1958 (±6). Anthropogenic spheroidal aluminosilicates clearly identify the beginning of industrial development and are proposed as a new indicator of the Anthropocene. In cal AD 1963 (±5), greatly elevated dust deposition and an increase in REE serve to show that the geochemistry of elements in the peat can be evidence of nuclear weapon testing; such constituted an enormous force blowing soil dust into the atmosphere. Among the natural dust sources, minor signals of dryness and of the Tunguska cosmic body (TCB) impact were noted. The TCB impact was indirectly confirmed by an unusual occurrence of mullite in the peat.
Feasibility Study on Cardiac Arrhythmia Ablation Using High-Energy Heavy Ion Beams
Authors: Lehmann H. Immo , Graeff Christian , Simoniello Palma , Constantinescu Anna , Takami Mitsuru , Lugenbiel Patrick , Richter Daniel , Eichhorn Anna , Prall Matthias , Kaderka Robert , Fiedler Fine , Helmbrecht Stephan , Fournier Claudia , Erbeldinger Nadine , Rahm Ann-Kathrin , Rivinius Rasmus , Thomas Dierk , Katus Hugo A. , Johnson Susan B. , Parker Kay D. , Debus Jürgen , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Bert Christoph , Durante Marco , Packer Douglas L.
Published: December 2016

High-energy ion beams are successfully used in cancer therapy and precisely deliver high doses of ionizing radiation to small deep-seated target volumes. A similar noninvasive treatment modality for cardiac arrhythmias was tested here. This study used high-energy carbon ions for ablation of cardiac tissue in pigs. Doses of 25, 40, and 55 Gy were applied in forced-breath-hold to the atrioventricular junction, left atrial pulmonary vein junction, and freewall left ventricle of intact animals. Procedural success was tracked by (1.) in-beam positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging; (2.) intracardiac voltage mapping with visible lesion on ultrasound; (3.) lesion outcomes in pathohistolgy. High doses (40–55 Gy) caused slowing and interruption of cardiac impulse propagation. Target fibrosis was the main mediator of the ablation effect. In irradiated tissue, apoptosis was present after 3, but not 6 months. Our study shows feasibility to use high-energy ion beams for creation of cardiac lesions that chronically interrupt cardiac conduction.
A user-friendly modified pore-solid fractal model
Authors: Ding Dian-yuan , Zhao Ying , Feng Hao , Si Bing-cheng , Hill Robert Lee
Published: December 2016

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate a range of calculation points on water retention curves (WRC) instead of the singularity point at air-entry suction in the pore-solid fractal (PSF) model, which additionally considered the hysteresis effect based on the PSF theory. The modified pore-solid fractal (M-PSF) model was tested using 26 soil samples from Yangling on the Loess Plateau in China and 54 soil samples from the Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Database. The derivation results showed that the M-PSF model is user-friendly and flexible for a wide range of calculation point options. This model theoretically describes the primary differences between the soil moisture desorption and the adsorption processes by the fractal dimensions. The M-PSF model demonstrated good performance particularly at the calculation points corresponding to the suctions from 100 cm to 1000 cm. Furthermore, the M-PSF model, used the fractal dimension of the particle size distribution, exhibited an accepted performance of WRC predictions for different textured soils when the suction values were ≥100 cm. To fully understand the function of hysteresis in the PSF theory, the role of allowable and accessible pores must be examined.
Quantum Zeno-type effect and non-Markovianity in a three-level system
Authors: Karlsson Antti , Francica Francesco , Piilo Jyrki , Plastina Francesco
Published: December 2016

We study the coexistence of the quantum Zeno-type effect and non-Markovianity for a system decaying in a structured bosonic environment and subject to a control field. The interaction with the environment induces decay from the excited to the ground level, which, in turn, is coherently coupled to another meta-stable state. The control of the strength of the coherent coupling between the stable levels allows the engineering of both the dissipation and of the memory effects, without modifying neither the system-reservoir interaction, nor environmental properties. We use this framework in two different parameter regimes corresponding to fast (bad cavity limit) and slow dissipation (good cavity limit) in the original and un-controlled qubit system. Our results show a non-monotonic behavior of memory effects when increasing the effectiveness of the Zeno-like freezing. Moreover, we identify a new source of memory effects which allows the persistence of non-Markovianity for long times while the excited state has already been depleted.