bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and methodological considerations for a robust evaluation of the Linguistic Proximity Model
Authors: Cabrelli Jennifer , Puig-Mayenco Eloi
Published: July 2020

When we think of the debates surrounding linguistic transfer in L3 acquisition, one of the most prominent discussions concerns whether transfer occurs in a wholesale fashion or whether it is property-by-property. One such model is the Linguistic Proximity Model (LPM, Mykhaylyk et al., 2015; Westergaard et al., 2017; Westergaard, 2021), which maintains that transfer is property-by-property, with what Westergaard refers to as Full Transfer Potential (FTP). Westergaard injects the notion of complexity at each stage of development and recognizes the need to determine how a range of variables drive outcomes across these different stages. With that said, there are a set of points in the proposal that we believe are short of explanatory logic and will benefit from further consideration; we focus on two here. The first regards the need to go beyond post-hoc explanations of non-facilitative transfer via a commitment to a testable, proposal for when the LPM predicts such transfer will occur. The second relates to the current trend of using existing data to support property-by-property versus wholesale transfer. We contend that this application of existing data is an unsound practice because these data are in fact compatible with multiple theoretical accounts.
Efficacy outcomes in the MDD-1 India study: First episode major depressive disorder outcomes in antidepressant-treated real-world patients in India
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan , De Sousa Avinash , Shah Nilesh
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

Little is known about the outcome of major depressive disorder in India, especially in primary care contexts not usually associated with research. This large, prospective, naturalistic observational study examined the feasibility of studying first-episode major depressive disorder outcomes in such contexts, and examined outcomes after antidepressant drug treatment.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 205 psychiatrists across India each recruited five adults with first-episode major depressive disorder. No patient had clinically significant suicidal ideation, psychotic symptoms, or significant medical or psychiatric comorbidity. Patients were naturalistically treated with antidepressant medication and rated using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and other instruments, including patient-reported outcome measures. Assessments were obtained at baseline and at a 6-week follow-up.

Results:

Of 900 patients recruited, 92 did not meet selection criteria, and there were 10 dropouts, leaving 798 evaluable patients. The most common antidepressants received were desvenlafaxine, vilazodone, and escitalopram. The primary outcome, response (50% attenuation of Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score), was identified in 66.1% of the sample. The patient-reported outcome measures-defined response rate was 53.1%. Remission (endpoint Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score of 10 or less) was observed in 36.7% of the sample. Response (but not remission) was very slightly but significantly better in women than in men on some but not all measures.

Conclusions:

It is feasible to conduct simple but meaningful observational studies in primary care contexts that are not usually associated with research. About two-thirds of real-world adults in primary care in India diagnosed with uncomplicated first-episode major depressive disorder respond to 6 weeks of antidepressant medications; about one-third of the adults remit.
HyP-DESPOT: A hybrid parallel algorithm for online planning under uncertainty
Authors: Cai Panpan , Luo Yuanfu , Hsu David , Lee Wee Sun
Published: July 2020

Robust planning under uncertainty is critical for robots in uncertain, dynamic environments, but incurs high computational cost. State-of-the-art online search algorithms, such as DESPOT, have vastly improved the computational efficiency of planning under uncertainty and made it a valuable tool for robotics in practice. This work takes one step further by leveraging both CPU and GPU parallelization in order to achieve real-time online planning performance for complex tasks with large state, action, and observation spaces. Specifically, Hybrid Parallel DESPOT (HyP-DESPOT) is a massively parallel online planning algorithm that integrates CPU and GPU parallelism in a multi-level scheme. It performs parallel DESPOT tree search by simultaneously traversing multiple independent paths using multi-core CPUs; it performs parallel Monte Carlo simulations at the leaf nodes of the search tree using GPUs. HyP-DESPOT provably converges in finite time under moderate conditions and guarantees near-optimality of the solution. Experimental results show that HyP-DESPOT speeds up online planning by up to a factor of several hundred in several challenging robotic tasks in simulation, compared with the original DESPOT algorithm. It also exhibits real-time performance on a robot vehicle navigating among many pedestrians.
Septic shock after liver transplantation successfully treated with endotoxin and cytokine adsorption continuous renal replacement therapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Yining , Zhou Linshan , Yang Lingzhi , Yuan Fang
Published: July 2020

Endotoxins and cytokines play an important role in multiple organ failure pathogenesis in patients with severe Gram-negative bacterial infection. We present a clinical case where an oXiris hemofilter was used for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) treatment in a patient with septic shock after liver transplantation. A 35-year-old man with a 20-year history of hepatitis B presented with jaundice, loss of appetite, and decreased urine output. He was diagnosed with decompensated cirrhosis with acute-on-chronic liver failure, and liver transplantation was indicated. The day after surgery, he developed hyperthermia, hypotension, anuria, and a progressive increase in blood inflammatory markers and creatinine. Combined with the donor source and blood culture results, septic shock after transplantation was considered. The patient was immediately treated with endotoxin and cytokine adsorption CRRT (oXiris hemofilter) with tigecycline, caspofungin, and ganciclovir as anti-infectives. After 48 hours on CRRT, his blood pressure gradually stabilized, the CLIF Consortium Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure score decreased from 63 to 43. Procalcitonin, endotoxin, and the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 also decreased gradually. The patient’s liver and kidney functions were completely restored. Our experience suggests that oXiris CRRT combined with antibacterial therapy is an effective treatment for septic shock after liver transplantation.
MKG Angle: A True Marker for Maxillomandibular Discrepancy
Authors: Chachada Achint , Ostwal Payal , Jain Megha , Khandelwal Piyush , James Jamoy , Nahta Mayank
Published: July 2020

Aim: To evolve a new cephalometric estimation called the MKG angle using three skeletal landmarks—point key ridge (KR), point M, and point G to evaluate the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and mandible.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 pretreatment lateral cephalograms were selected and segregated into classes I, II, and III groups on the basis of ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and W angle. The MKG angle was constructed between the lines drawn from point M to point KR and point KR to point G. The MKG angle was measured to calculate the mean and the standard deviation.

Results: After using the one-way analysis of variance and the Newman–Keuls test and running ROC curves, the results showed that an MKG angle in the range 51º–59º can be considered to have a class I skeletal pattern. The MKG angle more than 59º indicates a class II skeletal pattern and less than 51º indicates class III skeletal pattern.

Conclusion: The MKG angle can be used as a dependable marker to assess sagittal jaw discrepancy.
Are the psychological benefits of choral singing unique to choirs? A comparison of six activity groups
Authors: Lonsdale Adam J , Day Evelyn R
Published: July 2020

This study compared the psychological well-being of choral singers to those who took part in five other activities: solo singers, band/orchestra members, solo musicians, team sport players, and solo sport players. These comparison groups were chosen because they each share (or lack) three key features of choral singing: (a) singing, (b) the production of music, and (c) membership of a social group or team. A total of 194 participants completed an online questionnaire to assess their well-being and the extent to which their chosen activity satisfies their psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Analysis indicated that participants who sang in a choir reported similar levels of psychological well-being, happiness, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem to those who took part in the other five leisure activities. Significant differences were found on measures of autonomy and relatedness, but participants in all six groups also reported experiencing similar levels of competence when engaged in their chosen leisure activity. These findings suggest choral singing may not be uniquely beneficial, and any leisure activity that offers opportunities for improvement, mastery of a new skill, or a sense of accomplishment might have a positive effect on our psychological well-being.
The effects of shape and size on duct-augmented horizontal axis turbine performance
Authors: Rachman Aditya , Johnstone Andrew , Kosasih Buyung
Published: July 2020

This article seeks to contribute to knowledge on duct-augmented turbines by investigating the influence of the key geometric parameters of the duct on the turbine performance: (i) duct expansion angle and length, (ii) position of the duct relative to the rotor and (iii) added geometric features to the duct. A new analytic model is proposed for the duct-augmented turbine and used for the investigation. The proposed analytic model used in this study was developed with existing momentum and blade element analysis methodologies serving as its basis. Using the proposed analytic model, the duct length is found to be more influential on the duct turbine system performance than the duct expansion angle. In addition, the performance can be enhanced by addition of a flange to the duct trailing edge. The study also highlights that the optimum rotor location within a duct is slightly behind the minimum duct area.
Graph-Partitioning-Based Diffusion Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network for Large-Scale Traffic Forecasting
Authors: Mallick Tanwi , Balaprakash Prasanna , Rask Eric , Macfarlane Jane
Published: July 2020

Traffic forecasting approaches are critical to developing adaptive strategies for mobility. Traffic patterns have complex spatial and temporal dependencies that make accurate forecasting on large highway networks a challenging task. Recently, diffusion convolutional recurrent neural networks (DCRNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in traffic forecasting by capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of the traffic. Despite the promising results, however, applying DCRNNs for large highway networks still remains elusive because of computational and memory bottlenecks. This paper presents an approach for implementing a DCRNN for a large highway network that overcomes these limitations. This approach uses a graph-partitioning method to decompose a large highway network into smaller networks and trains them independently. The efficacy of the graph-partitioning-based DCRNN approach to model the traffic on a large California highway network with 11,160 sensor locations is demonstrated. An overlapping-nodes approach for the graph-partitioning-based DCRNN is developed to include sensor locations from partitions that are geographically close to a given partition. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the DCRNN model can be used to forecast the speed and flow simultaneously and that the forecasted values preserve fundamental traffic flow dynamics. This approach to developing DCRNN models that represent large highway networks can be a potential core capability in advanced highway traffic monitoring systems, where a trained DCRNN model forecasting traffic at all sensor locations can be used to adjust traffic management strategies proactively based on anticipated future conditions.
1989 as a mimetic revolution: Russia and the challenge of post-communism
Authors: Sakwa Richard
Published: July 2020

Various terms have been used to describe the momentous events of 1989, including Jürgen Habermas’s ‘rectifying revolution,’ and my own notion of 1989 as a type of ‘anti-revolution’: repudiating not only what had come before, but also denying the political logic of communist power, as well as the emancipatory potential of revolutionary socialism in its entirety. In the event, while the negative agenda of 1989 has been fulfilled, it failed in the end to transcend the political logic of the systems that collapsed at that time. This paper explores the unfulfilled potential of 1989. Finally, 1989 became more of a counter- rather than an anti-revolution, replicating in an inverted form the practices of the mature state socialist regimes. The paucity of institutional and intellectual innovation arising from 1989 is striking. The dominant motif was ‘returnism,’ the attempt to join an established enterprise rather than transforming it. Thus, 1989 can be seen as mimetic revolution, in the sense that it emulated systems that were not organically developed in the societies in which they were implanted. For Eastern Europe ‘returning’ to Europe appeared natural, but for Russia the civilizational challenge of post-communism was of an entirely different order. There could be no return, and instead of a linear transition outlined by the classic transitological literature, Russia’s post-communism demonstrated that the history of others could not be mechanically transplanted from one society to another.
Sustainability indicators for municipal solid waste management: A case study of the Recife Metropolitan Region, Brazil
Authors: Jucá J F T , Barbosa K R M , Sobral M C
Published: July 2020

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Brazil faces major challenges in order to meet the requirements proposed by the National Solid Waste Policy, which has been in force since 2010 and complicates decision-making, especially in small municipalities. In this context, sustainability indicators are important support tools that help in setting out performance actions for municipal sustainable development. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the four sustainability dimensions (social, environmental, economic, and legal/institutional) using sustainability indicators for MSW management in the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) in Northeast Brazil. To do this, the progress of the region was evaluated against the principal goals and guidelines proposed by solid waste plans and by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It was found that some progress has been achieved in recent years, such as the closure of dumps, a reduction of the per capita MSW mass collected, and an increase in the coverage rate for solid household waste collection. However, selective collection and financial autonomy still fall well short of the region’s goals. According to the results of this study, municipalities in the RMR require more environmental education and joint actions involving government, the private sector, and the general population.
A fair CoP? MRF sampling, testing and reporting: Big problems caused by small particles. Part 2: Operational realities and financial implications
Authors: Kirk Alan Robert McKenzie , Mokaddam Zarreen Banon
Published: July 2020

The operation of qualifying materials recovery facilities (MRFs) in England is governed by the MRF code of practice (MRF CoP), which mandates certain sampling and testing practices for the mixed wastes being processed by the MRF. The results of this testing are required to be reported to the system regulator and are then made publicly available in a register. The MRF CoP is critically examined and certain aspects of the testing methodology are shown to be invalid, resulting in inaccurate information being included in the register. The current investigation looks at the extent of these inaccuracies and shows how they have very real financial implications for commercial operators of MRFs, especially where ‘shared basket’ contracts have been entered into, typically with local authorities.
Photocatalytic activity and antibacterial efficacy of UVA-treated titanium oxides
Authors: Johnson Haden Andrew , Williamson Randall Scott , Marquart Mary , Bumgardner Joel David , Janorkar Amol V , Roach Michael David
Published: July 2020

Studies have shown ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation of crystalline titanium oxides leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a photocatalytic process. The ROS exhibit antimicrobial properties that may be of benefit in preventing bacterial attachment to implant devices. Recent studies have suggested a potential benefit of mixed anatase and rutile oxides and dopants on the photocatalytic properties of titanium oxides. The goal of this work was to compare the photocatalytic activity of different anodized commercially pure titanium grade 4 (CPTi4) surfaces. CPTi4 specimens were anodized in three mixed-acid electrolytes to create crystalline oxide surfaces that were either primarily anatase, primarily rutile, or a combination of anatase and rutile. Additionally, the primarily anatase and combination oxides incorporated some phosphorous from the phosphoric acid component in the electrolyte. The photocatalytic activity of the anodized specimens was measured using both methylene blue (MB) degradation assay and comparing the attachment of S. aureus under irradiation with UVA light of differing intensities (1 mW/cm2, 8 mW/cm2, and 23 mW/cm2). Primarily rutile oxides exhibited significantly higher levels of MB degradation after exposure to 1 mW/cm2 UVA lights. Primarily rutile specimens also had the largest reduction in bacterial attachment followed by the mixed phase specimens and the primarily anatase specimens at 1 mW/cm2 UVA lights. Phosphorous-doped, mixed phase oxides exhibited an accelerated MB degradation response during exposure to 8 mW/cm2 and 23 mW/cm2 UVA lights. All anodized and unanodized CPTi4 groups revealed similar S. aureus attachment at the two higher UVA intensities. Although MB degradation assay and the bacteria attachment assay both confirmed photocatalytic activity of the oxides formed in this study, the results of the MB degradation assay did not accurately predict the oxides performance against S. aureus.
Effect of sepiolite clay nanofibers on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of wood-plastic nanocomposites
Authors: Kaymakci Alperen
Published: July 2020

This study was to investigate sepiolite clay nanofibers (SCNs) on some physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of wood-plastic nanocomposites. To meet this objective, pinewood flour with maleic anhydride polypropylene (PP), sepiolite nanofibers (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%), and PP were compounded in a twin-screw corotating extruder. The mass ratio of the wood flour to PP was 50/50 (wt%/wt%) in all compounds. The test specimens were produced using an injection molding machine from the pellets. Flexural and tensile properties, thickness swelling, water absorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and morphology of the manufactured nanocomposites were evaluated. Based on the findings in this study, flexural and tensile properties of the wood-plastic nanocomposites increased with increasing the content of the sepiolite nanofibers. By increasing the amount of SCNs, thickness swelling and water absorption properties of wood-plastic nanocomposites were improved. Increasing the loading of SCNs increased the amount of residual ash and thermal stability.
Moral Emotions in Family Businesses: Exploring Vicarious Guilt of the Next Generation
Authors: Bernhard Fabian , Labaki Rania
Published: July 2020

In this article, we explore intergenerational moral emotions as a psychological root of ethical management practices. We develop a conceptual model of next-generation guilt in family business by building on family systems and identification theories. We test it with a scenario approach depicting an ethical dilemma. Our findings suggest that the less identified the next generation is with the family, the more likely vicarious guilt emerges. Guilt then leads to intentions of more responsible behaviors, such as reparative actions, apologies, and change in business practices. The implications encourage future research on family business guilt and moral decisions across generations.
Look-ahead-window-based interval adaptive feedrate scheduling for long five-axis spline toolpaths under axial drive constraints
Authors: Song De-Ning , Zhong Yu-Guang , Ma Jian-Wei
Published: July 2020

Scheduling of the five-axis spline toolpath feedrate is of great significance for high-quality and high-efficiency machining using five-axis machine tools. Due to the fact that there exists nonlinear relationship between the Cartesian space of the cutting tool and the joint space of the five feed axes, it is a challenging task to schedule the five-axis feedrate under axial drive constraints. Most existing methods are researched for routine short spline toolpaths, however, the five-axis feedrate scheduling method expressed for long spline toolpaths is limited. This article proposes an interval adaptive feedrate scheduling method based on a dynamic moving look-ahead window, so as to generate smooth feedrate for long five-axis toolpath in a piecewise manner without using the integral toolpath geometry. First, the length of the look-ahead window which equals to that of the toolpath interval is determined in case of abrupt braking at the end of the toolpath. Then, the interval permissible tangential feed parameters in terms of the velocity, acceleration, and jerk are determined according to the axial drive constraints at each toolpath interval. At the same time, the end velocity of the current interval is obtained through looking ahead the next interval. Using the start and end velocities and the permissible feed parameters of each interval, the five-axis motion feedrate is scheduled via an interval adaptive manner. Thus, the feedrate scheduling task for long five-axis toolpath is partitioned into a series of extremely short toolpaths, which realizes the efficient scheduling of long spline toolpath feedrate. Experimental results on two representative five-axis spline toolpaths demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, especially for long toolpaths.
Optimization-based open-loop selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation for multilevel inverter flying capacitor voltage balance considering load power factor variation
Authors: Armi Faouzi , Manai Lazhar , Besbes Mongi
Published: July 2020

In this article, Newton–Raphson optimization-based selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation is investigated for open-loop control of flying capacitor multilevel inverter. Proposed control strategy has allowed giving up current and voltage measurement instrumentations and sensors used in case of closed loop–based control. Proposed control strategy generates accurate switching angles, capable to balance flying capacitor voltage and eliminate lower order harmonics considering load power factor variation. Algorithm performances are verified by simulation and experiments, and obtained results prove that proposed technique does effectively eliminate specific harmonics and balance capacitor voltages while getting inverter output voltage with desired number of levels.
Sensor fault isolation for DC-DC converters via switched affine systems
Authors: Li Jian , Pan Kunpeng , Su Qingyu
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of this article is to study the sensor fault isolation for DC-DC converters, taking the single-ended primary industry converter as an example. To achieve the purpose of the research, we model the DC-DC converters as switched affine systems and design a bank of sliding mode observers for each corresponding sensor fault. By comparing the threshold with the residual estimation function produced by each sliding model observers, we can diagnose which sensor faults are occurring. Finally, three sensor faults are given as simulation examples to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Novel Approaches in Addressing Ovarian Insufficiency in 2019: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Sfakianoudis Konstantinos , Rapani Anna , Grigoriadis Sokratis , Retsina Dimitra , Maziotis Evangelos , Tsioulou Petroula , Giannelou Polina , Pantos Konstantinos , Koutsilieris Michael , Vlahos Nikolaos , Mastorakos George , Simopoulou Mara
Published: July 2020

Ovarian insufficiency is described as a multifaceted issue typically encountered in the field of assisted reproduction. The three main identified diagnoses of ovarian insufficiency include premature ovarian failure (POF), poor ovarian response (POR), and advanced maternal age (AMA). Patient heterogeneity in the era of individualized medicine drives research forward leading to the emergence of novel approaches. This plethora of innovative treatments in the service of adequately managing ovarian insufficiency is called to undertake the challenge of addressing infertile patients exploring their reproductive options. This review provides an all-inclusive presentation and critical analysis on novel treatments that have not achieved routine clinical practice status yet, but have recently emerged as promising. In light of the lack of randomized controlled trials conveying safety and efficiency, clinicians are left puzzled in addressing the “how” and “for whom” these approaches may be beneficial. From ovarian injection employing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or stem cells to artificial gametes and ovaries, ovarian transplantation, and mitochondrial replacement therapy, this descriptive review provides insight toward assisting the practitioner in decision making regarding these cutting-edge treatments. Biological mechanisms, invasiveness levels, efficiency, as well as possible complications, the current status along with bioethical concerns are discussed in the context of identifying future optimal treatment.
A retrospective study of salivary gland diseases in 179 dogs (2010–2018)
Authors: Lieske Danielle E. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: July 2020

Salivary gland diseases are well characterized in human medicine but are uncommonly reported in dogs. Herein we describe the clinical and pathologic features of 179 canine salivary gland biopsy submissions to the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2010 to 2018. The mean age of affected dogs was 8.5 y; no sex or breed predisposition was evident. The main reason for sample submission was regional swelling (107 cases; 59.7%). Extraoral (major) salivary glands were affected in 125 cases (69.8%), and oral (minor) salivary glands were affected in 43 cases (24% of cases). The location of the lesion (extraoral or oral) was not specified in 11 cases (6.1%). The diagnoses included nonspecific sialoadenitis (89 cases; 49.7%), normal salivary gland (42 cases; 23.4%), neoplasia (36 cases; 20.1%), salivary gland lipomatosis (7 cases; 3.9%), necrotizing sialometaplasia (4 cases; 2.2%), and traumatic hemorrhage (1 case; 0.5%). Most cases of sialoadenitis (63 cases), neoplasia (23 cases), and lipomatosis (5 cases), as well as all cases of necrotizing sialometaplasia and the only case of traumatic hemorrhage, affected extraoral glands. Most neoplasms (32 cases, 88.8% of the tumors) were epithelial and malignant, followed by round cell tumors (2 cases; 5.5%), a carcinosarcoma (1 case; 2.7%), and a tumor of undetermined histogenesis (1 case; 2.7%).
Chronic interstitial pneumonia with features of organizing pneumonia in an adult horse
Authors: Carrillo Miguel F. , Kemper Deborah , Woods Leslie W. , Carvallo Francisco R.
Published: July 2020

A 22-y-old American Quarter Horse gelding was presented with a history of chronic progressive respiratory problems and a diffuse pulmonary nodular pattern in thoracic radiographs. The horse was euthanized, and 4 formalin-fixed samples of lung were submitted for histopathology. There were multifocal areas of marked thickening of alveolar septa as a result of proliferation of myofibroblasts embedded in fibromyxoid matrix (interpreted as “Masson bodies”), focal areas of fibrosis, and numerous papillary projections of connective tissue into bronchioles. A diagnosis of organizing pneumonia was reached. No etiology was found for this lesion. It is important to consider causes of chronic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis in horses other than equid herpesvirus 5, such as complicated viral or bacterial pneumonia or chronic toxicoses.
Noninvasive strategies for surveillance of swine viral diseases: a review
Authors: Turlewicz-Podbielska Hanna , Włodarek Jan , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Published: July 2020

In view of the intensive development of the swine industry, monitoring and surveillance of infectious diseases require low-cost, effective, and representative population sampling methods. We present herein the state of knowledge, to date, in the use of alternative strategies in the monitoring of swine health. Blood sampling, the most commonly used method in veterinary medicine to obtain samples for monitoring swine health, is labor-intensive and expensive, which has resulted in a search for alternative sampling strategies. Oral fluid (OF) is a good alternative to serum for pooled sample analysis, especially for low-prevalence pathogens. Detection of viral nucleic acids or antiviral antibodies in OF is used to detect numerous viruses in the swine population. Meat juice is used as an alternative to serum in serologic testing. Processing fluid obtained during processing of piglets (castration and tail-docking) may also be used to detect viruses. These matrices are simple, safe, cost-effective, and allow testing of many individuals at the same time. The latest methods, such as snout swabs and udder skin wipes, are also promising. These alternative samples are easy to acquire, and do not affect animal welfare negatively.
Voter Beliefs and Strategic Voting in Two-Round Elections
Authors: Plutowski Luke , Weitz-Shapiro Rebecca , Winters Matthew S.
Published: July 2020

How widespread is strategic voting in two-round electoral systems, and which types of voters are most likely to engage in such behavior? While runoff elections are common in presidential systems around the world, research on strategic voting in these settings remains limited. This paper explores four different types of strategic behavior that are possible in two-round systems, including some types, such as “strong-to-weak” strategic voting, which are not possible in single-shot elections. We use a nationwide survey to assess the incidence and correlates of strategic voting in Brazil’s 2018 presidential election, where thirteen candidates competed in the first round. We find evidence of “weak-to-strong” strategic voting at a similar rate to that documented in single-round elections in other countries. We find little evidence of other types of strategic voting. Furthermore, we show that voters’ confidence in their predictions of the likely electoral outcome and their ideological preferences strongly predict strategic voting. These results point to the importance of accounting for voter beliefs and attitudes in addition to objective voter characteristics to explain strategic voting.
The Relationship Among and Between Marital Satisfaction, Religious Faith, and Political Orientation
Authors: Sauerheber Jill Duba , Hughey Aaron W. , Wolf Cheryl Pence , Ginn Bradley , Stethen Austin
Published: July 2020

This study examined the relationship between marital satisfaction, religious faith, and political orientation for 285 married Christian individuals. Participants completed a survey of three instruments, designed to measure one of the four variables. There was a slight positive correlation between marital satisfaction and religious faith and between religious faith and political orientation on conservative issues; there was a slight negative correlation between religious faith and political orientation on liberal issues. There was no significant correlation between marital satisfaction and political orientation. Of the 285 participants, 76 participants were matched; the 38 married couples were further analyzed finding differences between all spousal scores except conservative issues. Additionally, a linear regression supported earlier research that a husband’s strong religious faith predicted their wife’s marital satisfaction.
Financial Development and Country-Level Advertising Spending: The Moderating Role of Economic Development and National Culture
Authors: Bahadir Berrak , Bahadir S. Cem
Published: July 2020

Firms invest in brand capital through advertising. Financial constraints hinder firms’ ability to fund their investment projects. Empirical studies in the finance literature suggest that firms’ access to external financial resources, labeled “financial development,” affects their investment behavior. The authors take the view of advertising spending as investment in brands and study the effect of financial development on advertising spending at the country level using a panel of 59 developing and developed countries during 1990–2016. The results suggest that financial development has a positive and significant effect on advertising spending, and this effect is stronger in countries with a low level of economic development. Furthermore, the authors investigate the role of national culture dimensions including uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, collectivism, masculinity, and power distance in the relationship between financial development and advertising. Overall, the results provide evidence that the impact of financial development on advertising spending depends on the national culture dimensions.
Bone Mineralization Changes in the Subchondral Bone of the Medial Gutter in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Nakasa Tomoyuki , Ikuta Yasunari , Ota Yuki , Kanemitsu Munekazu , Sumii Junichi , Nekomoto Akinori , Adachi Nobuo
Published: July 2020

Background:

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) induces osteoarthritis (OA) by inflicting abnormal stresses on the medial gutter. It is important to detect early OA change and to explore factors likely to induce the OA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate subchondral bone change in the medial gutter of CAI using computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods:

Thirty-five ankles with CAI (CAI group) and 35 ankles without CAI (control group) were included. The region of interest (ROI) in the subchondral bone of the medial gutter on CT axial images was set on the tibia and talus. The Hounsfield unit (HU) in ROIs was measured and corrected by the HU of the fibula in the same slice. HU ratios were compared between the CAI and control groups. In the CAI group, the relationship between the HU ratio and the talar tilt angle (TTA), OA change, and the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) remnant quality were analyzed.

Results:

The mean HU ratio in the CAI group was significantly higher than that in the control. In the CAI group, HU ratios in ≥10 degrees of TTA were significantly higher than those in <10 degrees. But there was no significant difference in the HU ratios with or without OA change in the medial gutter. A good-quality ATFL remnant showed a low HU ratio compared with that with poor quality.

Conclusion:

CAI patients exhibited subchondral bone change in the medial gutter, which suggests that the elimination of instability may help to prevent or decrease the development and/or progression of osteoarthritis.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative series.
Correlation Between PAI-1 Gene 4G/5G Polymorphism and the Risk of Thrombosis in Ph Chromosome-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Xueya , Cai Xuerong , Pan Jingxin
Published: July 2020

Thrombosis has been recognized as one of the most significant risk factors of high mortality and disability in patients with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, the risk factors of thrombotic events in these patients have not been completely understood. In this study, the clinical data of 58 patients with Ph-MPNs were obtained and analyzed, including 34 cases of essential thrombocytopenia (ET), 23 thrombotic events happened in 21 (36%) patients, among which 60% (14 of 23) with cerebral infarction, 17% (4 of 23) with coronary heart disease and 23% (5 of 23) with venous thrombosis. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and blood cell count between polycythemia vera (PV) and ET patients who have experienced thrombotic events and those who have not. In ET patients, the incidence of thrombotic events in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genotype 4G4G was significantly higher than that in genotype 4G5G and genotype 5G5G ( P < .05). The incidence of thrombotic events in PV and ET patients with infection was higher than those without infection ( P < .05). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that PAI-1 genotype 4G4G and infection were associated with thrombotic events (odds ratio 6.744, 95% CI: 1.195-38.056 and 15.641 95% CI: 3.327-73.522). The 4G/4G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene and infection are independent risk factors of thrombotic events in patients with Ph-MPNs. PAI-1 gene 4G4G and infection in ET and PV patients with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation were shown to be high risk of thrombotic events. Therefore, clinical doctors should put more attention on PAI-1 genotype 4G4G and infection in JAK2 V617F mutated patients with Ph-MPNs to prevent the thrombosis.
It’s HERstory: Unhealthy Relationships in Adolescence and Subsequent Social and Emotional Development in College Women
Authors: Rodenhizer Kara Anne E. , Edwards Katie M. , Camp Emily E. , Murphy Sharon B.
Published: July 2020

The current study sought to expand our understanding of how early relationships characterized by intimate partner violence (IPV) influence college women’s transition into emerging adulthood. We used a longitudinal qualitative design in which women ( n = 13) with histories of IPV victimization participated in interviews twice a year beginning their first semester in college and ending in their final semester of college. Four primary themes were uncovered: making sense of the relationship, recognizing needs in the relationship, posttraumatic growth, and social cognitive maturity. The constitutive pattern across all four themes was resilience (i.e., positive adaptation during and after experiencing adversity).
Association of Depressive Symptoms with Perceived Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Rongmei , Li Shanshan , Gao Wei , Zhang Huihui , Bai Huayu , Shao Di , Zhou Chengchao , Cao Fenglin
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

This study aimed to explore the levels and associations among depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in treatment-naïve patients with breast cancer.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study with one case and two control groups. Patients with breast cancer, matched patients with depression, and matched healthy women completed questionnaires and blood collection between May 2015 and March 2017. Data were analyzed using the general linear model and linear regression model.

Results:

The severity of depressive symptoms and perceived stress among patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than that in healthy controls and lower than those in patients with depression. Interleukin-1β was lower in patients with breast cancer than the other two groups. Perceived stress was independently and positively associated with depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer. There were no significant associations between cytokines and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

Women with breast cancer experienced increased perceived stress prior to anticancer treatment, which was a strong contributor to severe symptoms of depression. Results emphasize the need to screen and identify patients with high perceived stress shortly after the disclosure of the diagnosis of breast cancer. Further research in larger sample is needed to investigate the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines and depressive symptoms.
Revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with femoral bone loss using tapered rectangular femoral stem: a minimum 10 years’ follow-up
Authors: Wang Jian , Dai Wen-Li , Lin Ze-Ming , Shi Zhan-Jun
Published: July 2020

Background:

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a significant challenge when there is severe femoral bone loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision THA in patients with femoral bone loss treated with Zweymüller SLR-Plus stem.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 82 patients who underwent revision THA using tapered rectangular femoral stem between 1997 and 2007 was undertaken. Of the 82 patients, 9 patients were lost to follow-up and were excluded from the study. The most common reason for revision was aseptic loosening (92%), periprosthetic femur fracture (5%), and infection (3%). Bone loss was categorised preoperatively according to the Paprosky classification. The mean clinical follow-up was 14 years (range 10–19 years). Their mean age at the time of index surgery was 54.7 ± 15.3 (range 30–82) years.

Results:

The mean Harris Hip Score was significantly improved at final follow-up (68.1 ±10.3) compared with that before the revision surgery (30.4 ± 7.7) ( p < 0.0001). Of the 75 stems, 69 (92%) stems were radiographically stable at the last evaluation. Among the 69 stems, 64 hips (85%) had radiographic evidence of bone ingrowth and 5 (5%) had stable fibrous fixation of the stem. Among the 7 hips that were re-revised, 5 hips were re-revised for aseptic loosening, whereas 2 were re-revised for an infection. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis, with removal of the stem for any cause as the endpoint, revealed that the 15-year rate of survival of the components was 90% (95% CI, 0.83–0.97).

Conclusion:

Revision THA in patients with proximal femoral bone loss using Zweymüller SLR-Plus stem led to a high rate of osseointegration of the stem and good clinical results at long-term follow-up.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy on dimethyl fumarate with preserved lymphocyte count but deep T-cells exhaustion
Authors: Garcia Jeanne , Hendel-Chavez Houria , De-Goer Marie-Ghislaine , L’Honneur Anne Sophie , Dubessy Anne Laure , Taoufik Yassine , Stankoff Bruno
Published: July 2020

Background:

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is associated with iatrogenic lymphopenia, predominating on CD8+ T-cells.

Objectives and Methods:

We report an unusual case of DMF-related PML in a 66-year-old MS patient with preserved lymphocyte count (nadir: 810/mm3) and normal CD8+ T-cells count.

Results:

A massive overexpression of the inhibitory receptor Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) on CD8+ and memory effector T-cells together with an impaired anti-JC virus (JCV) specific T-cells response were found, compatible with exhaustion. Following DMF withdrawal, PML progressively regressed, PD-1 was downregulated, and a functional anti-JCV response was established.

Conclusion:

T-cells exhaustion may favor PML onset on DMF independently of lymphocyte count.
Telehealth during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Rapid expansion of telehealth outpatient use during a pandemic is possible if the programme is previously established
Authors: Schulz Thomas , Long Karrie , Kanhutu Kudzai , Bayrak Ilana , Johnson Douglas , Fazio Timothy
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the health-care system both in Australia and internationally, and has rapidly transformed the delivery of health care in hospitals and the community. Implementation of social isolation and distancing measures to stop the spread of the disease and to reduce potential harm to patients has necessitated the use of alternate models of health-care delivery. Changes that would normally take months or years have occurred within days to weeks.

Methods

We conducted analysis of outpatient clinic data during the period of the pandemic and compared this to previous telehealth use. We also present the results of clinician and patient telehealth experience surveys.

Results

We describe a 2255% increase in the use of telehealth at a tertiary hospital within a period of six weeks, and a significant simultaneous reduction in the outpatient clinic failure-to-attend rate. The vast majority of patients and clinicians agreed that the standard of care provided by telehealth was the same as that provided by on-site appointments.

Discussion

Telehealth that previously had only limited utilisation has now become a main method for the delivery of outpatient care. Clinicians and patients agreed that consultations provided by telehealth were of the same standard as those provided on site. Health care in the post-pandemic period should embed the use of telehealth for outpatient care and consider the range of other clinical contexts where this can be utilised.
The Simon effect in bilingual language brokers: A role for emotion and proficiency
Authors: López Belem G , Zhang Minyu , Arredondo Maria M , Kim Su Yeong
Published: July 2020

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

Language brokering (LB) is an informal translation experience where bilinguals serve as linguistic and cultural intermediaries for family members. LB may have long-term socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes, yet little is known about its effects on executive functions (EFs). This study examines how first language (L1) proficiency and negative emotions tied to language brokering experiences affect EF performance on a Simon task (ST).

Design/methodology/approach:

Fifty-three Mexican American Spanish–English bilinguals with LB experience performed a ST, and reported their feelings towards LB for their mother.

Data and analysis:

Mean reaction times (RTs) and accuracy rates for correct ST trials were analyzed using linear mixed effects modeling, with trial type, proficiency and negative emotions tied to LB experience as factors and their interactions as additional predictors.

Findings/conclusions:

The L1 proficiency and negative emotions tied to brokering experiences have divergent, but combined effects on EF. Contrary to our hypotheses, low L1 proficiency predicted better performance and the smallest Simon effect was found for brokers with low L1 proficiency and low negative emotional brokering experiences. However, high L1 proficiency predicted better performance (smallest RTs) regardless of negative emotions tied to brokering experiences.

Originality:

This study takes a different perspective on the examination of individual differences among bilinguals, in which we examine how negative emotions tied to brokering experiences coupled with L1 proficiency relates to EF performance.

Significance/implications:

Our results provide support for the need to understand how individual differences in bilingual language experiences, such as L1 proficiency and negative emotions tied to LB, interact with performance on the ST.