bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of cation exchange capacity of organic soils determined by ammonium acetate solutions buffered at some pHs ranging between around field pH and 7.0
Authors: Gumbara R H , Darmawan  , Sumawinata B
Published: December 2019

Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations are among two of the most important measures for determining soil characteristics and soil quality. There are various methods of measuring CEC, including the ammonium acetate method of Schollenberger and Dreibelbis (1930) which is buffered at pH 7.0 and the barium chloride-triethanolamine method of Mehlich (1938) which is buffered at pH 8.2. These CEC measurements can result in values very different from the CEC of the soil at its field pH (effective CEC or CECe), especially in acidic soils, such as organic soils, with pH-dependent CEC. Therefore, the focus of this article is the comparison of CEC of organic soils obtained using the different pH level of the extraction solution. Five organic soil and two mineral soil samples were used in this experiment. The variables tested were CEC and exchangeable cations using ammonium acetate solutions buffered at several pHs; field pHs (acidic) of 3.8, 4.2, 4.8 and neutral (7.0). Each soil sample and pH level were replicated three times. The decomposition rate of the five organic soil samples was determined using the pyrophosphate color method, which proved to be sapric. The results indicated a positive relationship between pH and CEC value, the higher the pH buffer the much higher the CEC measured. There was a considerable difference of CEC values produced from the varying pHs of extraction solution. However, the pH of the extraction had no substantial effect on measured exchangeable cations.
Application of humic substances with zeolite as carrier to increase the production of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans poir)
Authors: Suwardi  , Cholili S N , Anwar S
Published: December 2019

Humic substances, which are stable complex compounds that come from the decomposition of organic matter, can be extracted from organic materials such as weathered coal, compost, and soils. They can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and, more importantly, can function as plant growth stimulants. However, when applied in liquid form into the soil, these humic substances are readily leached, so that a binding agent that is used as their carrier is needed to make them stay longer in the soil, so that plants can absorb them. In this regard, zeolite, which is a porous mineral with a high cation exchange capacity (CEC), is a promising material to serve the said purpose. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of humic substances and zeolite (used as humic substance carrier) on the soil properties, nutrient uptake, and growth and yield of water spinach. Using a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 2 replications, the treatments consisted of (a) control (b) zeolite at 200 kg/ha (Z20), (c) four treatments with two humic substances (Type A and Type B) administered at dosages of 5 and 10 liters/ha (HA5, HA10, HB5, and HB10), and (d) four treatment combinations of humic substances and zeolite (HA5Z20, HA10Z20, HB5Z20, and HB10Z20). Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) was planted in Latosol soil on plots measuring 3 m × 0.7 m in treatment unit. The results showed that the application of humic substance with zeolite raised the soil CEC and exchangeable Ca and increased the uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn by the water spinach. The highest production of water spinach was achieved in Treatment HA10Z20 (humic substance at 10 liter/ha mixed with zeolite at 20 kg/liter humic substance), with a yield of almost 2.5 times that of control.
The Effectiveness of cow manure and inorganic fertilizer on sweetcorn (Zea mays saccharata sturt) productivity
Authors: Sara D S , Mulyani O , Septianugraha R , Saribun D S
Published: December 2019

Sweetcorn has been treated by cow manure and inorganic fertilizer in Inceptisols. Inceptisols possesses low soil fertility and a relatively low to moderate level of organic matter content. This study has been conducted from June to December 2018 at the Field Experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java. The treatments are as follow: A = Control, B = Standard NPK, C = 0 NPK + 1 cow manure, D = ¼ NPK + 1 cow manure, E = ½ NPK + 1 cow manure, F = ¾ NPK + 1 cow manure, G = 1 NPK + 1 cow manure, H = ¾ NPK + ¼ cow manure, I = ¾ NPK +½ cow manure and J = ¾ NPK + ¾ cow manure. The combination of cow manure and inorganic performed the best result.
Soil surface properties control the stabilization of organic matter in the raised-bed soils of tidal swamplands
Authors: Saidy A R , Khairullah I , Septiana M , Triatmoko E
Published: December 2019

Stabilization of organic carbon (OC) in raised-bed soils of tidal swamplands reduces greenhouse gas emissions and increases soil OC contents. However, factors controlling OC stabilization in the raised-bed soils of tidal swamplands remain unclear. Relationship between OC contents of bulk raised-bed soils differing ages (2, 8, 15 and 26 years) and soil surface properties was quantified to determine soil properties control OC stabilization in the raised-bed soils. The OC contents were also measured for different soil particle size fractions: clay+silt (0–50 μm), fine sand (50–200 μm), and coarse sand (200–2000 μm). Results of the study showed that the OC contents of bulk soils decreased significantly when the age of raised-bed reached to 26 years. This decrease may attribute to the changes in soil surface properties (clay content, exchangeable Ca, dithionite-extractable Fe, oxalate-extractable Fe and Al, and soil reactivity) with increasing the age of raised-beds. Reduction is OC contents was observed all soil fractions with increasing the age of raised-bed soils. The OC losses after 26 years of cultivation were 83%, 71%, and 11% in the coarse sand, fine sand and the clay+silt fractions, respectively. Results obtained in this study suggest the important role of clay+silt fraction in the long-term accumulation of OC in the raised-bed soils.
Bio agent added organomineral nitrogen fertilizer for heavy metal contaminated paddy field treatment
Authors: Sudirja R , Permana I , Rosniawaty S
Published: December 2019

Industrial waste in paddy field leads to accumulation of heavy metals in the soils. The availability of heavy metal on the soil can affect soil quality and plant growth. The objectives of this research were to obtain the best dosage of bio agent-added organomineral nitrogen fertilizer (ONF+BA) for the improvement of soil quality and paddy rice grown in industrial-waste contaminated soil. Randomized block design were applied with six single treatments: 150 kg ONF+BA (A), 200 kg ONF+BA (B), 250 kg ONF+BA (C), 300 kg ONF+BA (D), 350 kg ONF+BA (E), 250 kg urea (F), each treatment was replicated five times. The result showed that the application of ONF+BA reduced lead (Pb) and chrome (Cr) solubility and foliar accumulation, improved plant growth, and increase foliage nitrogen content. The doses of 300 kg ONF+BA shown highest lead and chrome solubility reduction, while 350 kg ONF+BA decrease foliar accumulation of lead and chrome.
Beneficial impact and its role of liquid bio fertilizer from liquid waste fermentation on coffee growth to support innovative agrotourism
Authors: Kariada I K , Darsana I G K
Published: December 2019

In managing organic coffee farming at Wanagiri village, Sukasada subdisrict of Buleleng, once a year farmers are faced by the problems of high volume of liquid waste produced from wet coffee processing. This waste usually danger to soil and crops, all plants dead when thouch with this waste. Improvement of the soil need to take at least 6 month to be normal again. The purpose of this study is to create technology in solving this waste problem through implementing fermentation by using indigenous micro organism(IMO) which finally produce liquid bio fertilizer. This fertilizer is then examined to the field research on coffee. In applying bio fertilizer for coffee crop it is shown that dilluting 5 times with water can produce better result for all parameter measured as indicated by high significant different amongst treatment. Therefore, liquid waste which was exsposed as the main factor to break soil condition, in contrast now become a fruitful benefit for farmers in order to fulfill the need of organic fertilizer to protect organic sertification.
The response of first year immature oil palm to compound fertilizers of NPK
Authors: Satriawan H , Fuady Z , Fitri R
Published: December 2019

This research aims to analyse the morphological response of oil palm plants of the first year immature to the provision of compound fertilizer (NPK). The treatment design uses a Randomized Complete Block Design, grouping based on the slope of the land. The treatment applied consisted of 4 treatments, namely M0: 60 kg organic fertilizer, rock phosphate 500 g and dolomite 500 g plant−1 as a control treatment; M1: 650 g NPK + 25 g borate + 25 g copprer sulfate plant−1; M2: 1300 g NPK + 25 g borate + 25 g copprer sulfate plant−1; M3: 2 600 g NPK + 25 g borate + 25 copprer sulfate plant−1. The observations of plant morphology include: plant height, stem circumference, number of leaf midribs, 9th leaf midrib length, leaf area on the 9th midrib. The results showed that the compound fertilizer package in general had not shown a significant effect on morphological variables, except for the stem circumference of the age of 3 month after treatment(MAT) and leaf area aged 1 and 3 MAT. In general, the higher the dose of compound fertilizer (NPK), the better the growth of plants.
Application of organic materials to improve the growth and yield of maize in an acid soil of Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Ginting S , Hemon T , Syaf H , Faad H , Padangaran A
Published: December 2019

The experiment was conducted consisting of three different sources of organic materials (plant bokashi: PB; soaked outershell coconut: SOC; and arbuscular mycorhiza: AM) using four treatments and four rates of organic materials including control. Maize was grown in mixed soil-organic materials in the polybags and observed at 14, 28, 42 and 72 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that the application of PB, AM and SOC significantly increased growth and yield of maize. Increasing the effects depend on the type of source and rate of organic material additions. PB had the greater effects than AM and SOC. The use of PB at 150 g polybag1 improved 53% plant height, 131% plant diameter and 92% leaf number at 14 DAP; and increased 47% cob length, 43% cob diameter and 78% of cob weight at 72 DAP. The application of organic materials improved organic C, total N, P- and K-availables. This experiment demonstrated that PB produced higher nutrients than AM and SOC. Thus, PB which originated from bokashi of 1:1 weight ratio of leaves of ‘gamal’ (Gliricidia sepium) and ‘komba-komba’ (Eupatorium odoratum) could be used as organic fertilizer for growth and yield of maize in an acid soil.
The change of microbial communities in rhizomicrobiome due to the land management
Authors: Syarifain R I , Anggrainy E D , Sudirja R , Sofyan E T , Simarmata T
Published: December 2019

The soil ecosystem plays an important role in soil health, nutrient availability, and agriculture productivity. Ecosystem alteration from natural forest into oil palm plantation has occurred in the past few years. Therefore, it is needed to study the microbial abundance which has a great role in the nutrient cycle. This experiment was conducted in August 2018 to January 2019. The experiment was arranged as randomized block design consisted of six ecosystems (natural forest, 2008 oil palm plantation, 2009 oil palm plantation, 2010 oil palm plantation, 2011 oil palm plantation, and 2018 oil palm plantation) and provided with four replications, using total plate count. The results showed that natural forest had the highest microbial communities of rhizomicrobiome (total bacteria 35.73×109, PSB 13.88×106, total actinomycetes 18.63x106, and total fungi 1.53×105)CFUg−1, followed by 2008 oil palm plantation which had the highest NFB 7.7×106CFUg−1. 2011 oil palm plantation had the lowest microbial communities of rhizomicrobiome (total bacteria 11.06×109, PSB 2.93×106, NFB 7.76x106, total actinomycetes 2.91×106, and total fungi 0.26×105)CFUg−1. The research revealed that the alteration of natural forest to agricultural ecosystem influences the richness of microbial population in rhizomicrobiome which has a great role soil health, nutrient availability, and agriculture productivity.
Application of ameliorant and microbials fertilizer as bioagent for enhancing the health of rhizomicrobiome and yield of soybean on marginal soils ecosystem
Authors: Simarmata T , Setiawati M R , Herdiyantoro D , Edriana I P , Kamaludin N N , Fitriatin B N
Published: December 2019

The sustainability of agricultural production depends on the health of soils ecosystem and soil properties. Rhizomicrobiome act as external digestive organs of the plant plays a magnificent role for enhancing the nutrient availability, soil health and plant growth on marginal soils. The intensive use of agrochemical such as inorganic fertilizers has accelerated the soil health degradation and inefficiency of fertilizers use. Bioameliorant or bioagent containing activated carbon, organic extract, humic substances and beneficial rhizobacteria was developed and formulated as soil conditioner and microbial fertilizer for improving the soil properties and increasing the microbial population in rhizosphere microbiome (rhizomicrobiome) and as well as to increase the yield of soybean. The experiment was set up as randomized block design, consisted of 7 treatments (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 kg ha−1 of bioagent, 1 ton ha−1 dolomite and 1 ton ha−1 manure) and provided with 4 replications. The chemical properties (organic carbon, pH and CEC), beneficially bacterial population in rhizomicrobiome (Azospirillum sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.) and soybean grain yield were significantly increased by the low dosage application of organic bioagent. Application of 8-12 kg ha−1 of bioagent had increased the grain yield of soybean significantly (about 47.5-51.1% higher than control). The obtained yield was not different significantly either with application 1 ton ha−1 dolomite or 1 ton ha−1 organic manure. Consequently, application of 8-12 kg ha−1 of bioagent can be recommended to substitute the use of conventional ameliorant and to enhance the bacterial biodiversity in rhizomicrobiome for increasing the soil health and soybean yield.
In vitro test for compatibility of biofertilizers containing phosphate solubilizers and nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Authors: Fitriatin B N , Nurmala D
Published: December 2019

The quality of biofertilizers is determined by the content of isolates and synergism between isolates. The experiment was aimed to investigate the compatibillty of biofertilizers containing P-solubilizers and N-fixing bacteria. In vitro test using isolates of PSB and N-fixing bacteria was done to study the synergystic character by using streak method on nutrient agar for the bacteria and potato dextrose agar for the fungi. Species of P-solubilizers were Pseudomonas mallei, P. cepaceae, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium sp., and species of N-fixing bacteria were Azotobacter chroococum and Azospirillum sp. The results revealed that the P-soluilizers microbes and N-fixing bacteria were synergistic and did not antagonistic to each other. Biofertilizers which contain P-solubilizers and N-fixing bacteria can be used for agricultural purposes.
Characterization of neutralized wood vinegar derived from durian wood (Durio zibethinus) and its prospect as pesticide in acidic soil
Authors: Setiawati E , Annisa W , Soedarmanto H , Iskandar T
Published: December 2019

Wood vinegar is a brown liquid by-product obtained from the carbonization process. Wood vinegar could limit the usage of wood vinegar as pesticide in acidic soil because of its acidity. This study aimed to determine the main organic and inorganic components in neutralized durian wood vinegar. Wood vinegar was made by pyrolisis of durian wood in the absence of oxygen with a temperature of 350, 450, and 550 °C for 2 hours. Before being analyzed, wood vinegar was neutralized with NaOH 25% to formulate the new friendly pesticide in an agricultural field. Characterization for acidity was by pH meter; organic compounds were using GC-MS; inorganic compounds were using AAS. The result showed that both neutralized wood vinegar and acidic wood vinegar indicated groups of organic acids, phenol and carbonyl compounds, which were suspected as pesticides. The predominant component in acidic wood vinegar was guaiacol, while in neutralized wood vinegar was pyrocatechol. Both acidic and neutralized wood vinegar indicatively contained main inorganic elements such as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc that could serve as a natural pesticide. Based on the analysis result of inorganic elements, there were significant differences between acidic and neutralized wood vinegar except for Ca.
The capacity of community on running soil and water conservation in Bangsri micro-catchment, Upper Brantas Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Suprayogo D , Prayogo C , Saputra D D , Sari R R , Nugraha A , Hadiwijoyo E , Andhika Y , Ishaq R M , Purnamasari E , Irawan D B
Published: December 2019

In the Brantas watershed, the acceleration of development for public welfare is often used as an argument for the exploitation of natural resources. This activity causes the degradation of natural resources. To achieve a healthy watershed, community empowerment in a watershed is one of the main concerns of the Indonesia government and it is urgently needed. Community empowerment through a micro catchment is an innovation. In the first step of the effort, a capacity baseline of the community on implementing soil and water conservation is required. The baseline was obtained through household surveys using a questionnaire. The sample was selected using the proportional random sampling method. A small population of the sample used a hyper geometric distribution approach. The results of the baseline study indicated that the community was still dependent on their land resources. They generally understand the land degradation problem, however some communities still did not realize the importance of environmental protection. The reason for farmers does not apply the soil and water conservation was due to the lack of labour, the demand for economic needs for their livelihood and less funding to carry out soil and water conservation measures. The community could overcome land degradation through community groups and they expect technical assistance and subsidies. They need formed and functioned the Association of Micro-catchment Management. The communities also stated that they needed regular assistance in the management of land resources through field school.
Legal aspect of green geotourism development of the karst area in Pangandaran: synchronization between the regulation and the living law
Authors: Kurniati N , Hindersah R , Sukarsa DE
Published: December 2019

The karst landscape, which is characterized by an underground, valley, hill and cave drainage system and a spring, is considered one of the basic assets for tourist attractions. The urgency to regulate the potential development in geo-tourism in Pangandaran through laws arises when it has a correlation with the preservation of a balance between biodiversity, biodiversity, cultural diversity; and sustainable development. Agriculture is an important support for the development of geo-tourism in Pangandaran because it has long been applied by local communities in the karst mountains of Pangandaran as a source of livelihood; it’s just that this method has not been sustainably maintained. The purpose of this study is to identify the socio-cultural norms of the local community that underlie daily activities in tourism and agriculture; identify harmonization between laws made by authorized institutions and laws that live in society. This study used a normative juridical approach to apply analytical methods to produce qualitative descriptions. The results showed that local socio-cultural rules dominate and become a reference for local people to implement tourism and organic agriculture in the Pangandaran karst mountain region to support sustainable agriculture.
Comparing spatial distribution of Histosols mapped in 1970’ with peat hydrological unit recently delineated at South Sumatera
Authors: Rais M A , Setyawardani F R , Suryaningtyas D T , Darmawan  , Sumawinata B
Published: December 2019

According to a survey of Tidal Rice Development (P4S) from IPB between 1974 and 1978, there was only 22.6% peatland area in South Sumatera. The P4S surveys were done at semi detail intensity (1:50.000) and carried out with intensive ground observation. Peatland area in the same region was also mapped into Peat Hydrological Map (KHG) in 2017. According to KHG maps, the peatland area in the region should have been larger than what P4S has surveyed. The peatland nearly impossible to expand in a short time, on the contrary, it might decrease. Hence, this study was aimed to compare peatland area from both maps above as a basis for the improvement of peat data. Peatlands were compiled from the results of the P4S surveys in South Sumatera, among others Sugihan Kiri, Air Saleh, Delta Upang, Musi Banyuasin, Calikin Calik, Karang Agung and Muara Padang which were then mapped into KHG. Both were processed with Geographic Information System (GIS) procedures. The overlay results show that the size from 16 KHG area of peat in the study area is 445,676 Ha, meanwhile based on the results of the P4S soil mapping is 137,670 Ha. It shows that KHG peat is much larger than the results of The P4S soil mapping, which is absolutely clearly, indicates the inaccuracy in withdrawing the KHG area boundaries in this region.
Identification of the agricultural land conversion rate in Sleman regency using remote sensing
Authors: Aini L N , Dewi W S , Isnawan B H
Published: December 2019

Lack of information concerning the conversion rate of agricultural to non-agricultural land in the last decade has become an important issue in Sleman Regency. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in land use and the land conversion rates in five years for three periods of 1990-1995, 2000-2005, and 2010-2015. The study was conducted using descriptive methods which were analyzed spatially using Landsat imagery of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Identification of the land conversion rate covered 17 districts by comparing the land use classification data. The results showed that land use in Sleman Regency cover paddy fields, moorlands, yards, forests, barren land, and other land uses. The highest rate of land conversion occurs in groundwater bodies, paddy fields, and plantation area in different periods. The highest rate of land conversion in Sleman Regency in period 1 (1990-1995) was in paddy fields, which was 8,953.04 ha or 1,790.61 ha/year. In period 2 (2000-2005), the highest land conversion rate was in groundwater bodies, which was 3,471.44 ha or 694.29 ha/year. Meanwhile, in period 3 (2010-2015), the highest land conversion rate was in plantation areas, which was 7,767.33 ha or 1,553.47 ha/year.
Feasibility studies of intensively tea plantation on West Java
Authors: Sule M I S , Siswanto S Y
Published: December 2019

The activities in tea plantations throughout the 2000s until now show important conditions to be addressed. First, there was a large conversion of tea plants. The Central Bureau of Statistics noted that the conversion of tea plants reached an average of 3,000 Ha per year. Second, the quality of Indonesian tea plantation production is classified in the good quality so that it can be sold at a fairly good price. Third, conversion occurs generally in the people’s tea plantations and state-owned plantations. This is inversely proportional to the privately-owned tea plantations that are growing well. This study aims to analyze how much profit obtained on tea plantations. By knowing the benefits, we will know whether the tea plantations in Indonesia are feasible or not. The results showed that at low productivity (less than 2000 Ha / year), tea plantations were no longer feasible to cultivate, in terms of both the tea production and the quality of tea.
Distribution of Al, Fe, and Si oxides in three soil orders in dryland of Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Sufardi  , Arabia T , Khairullah  , Karnilawati  , Nurnikmat T Z
Published: December 2019

The Al, Fe, and Si fractions in the soil are often associated with silicate minerals and hydroxide oxide fractions. The composition of these minerals in the soil is influenced by the degree of weathering and soil development. This study investigated the content and distribution of Al, Fe, and Si oxides in three soil orders (Inceptisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols) on dryland in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected in the layers of soil horizon of each profile. The content of Al, Fe, and Si in the soil was extracted with two selective solvents, namely sodium dithionite-citrate solution to determine the forms of Al, Fe and Si free and ammonium-oxalate to determine the forms of Al, Fe, and Si amorphous. The content of Al, Fe, and Si in the extract was measured by AAS. The results showed that the content and distribution of Al, Fe, and Si oxides of soil in the dryland of Aceh Besar varied between soil orders and also differed between horizons. The dithionite-extractable Al ranged from 0.02% to 13.14%, the dithionite-extractable Fe ranged from 1.01% to 4.08%, while the dithionite-extractable Si ranged from 0.62% to 4.29%. The oxalate-extractable Al ranged from 2.09% to 6.44%, the oxalate-extractable Fe ranged from 0.23% to 1.62%, while the oxalate-extractable Si ranged from 1.37% to 18.5%. The content of Fe oxides varied from 0.42% to 3.64%, while the index of crystallinity of Fe ranged from 0.11 to 0.79. The distribution of Al, Fe, and Si oxide at several soil orders on dryland Aceh Besar district was very diverse. The distribution of Al- and Fe-oxide were not consistent with the depth of the soil, while Si-oxide tends to decrease with increasing soil depth. The sequential of Fe crystallinity index from low to high is Oxisols < Ultisols <Inceptisols which means that Oxisols is more developed than Ultisols and Inceptisols.
Morphological characteristics and classification of soils formed from acidic sedimentary rocks in North Kalimantan
Authors: Mansyur N I , Hanudin E , Purwanto B H , Utami S N H
Published: December 2019

The morphology of acidic mineral soils explains the evolution that occurs in the soil body during the process of soil formation, which is predominantly influenced by the parent material and climate. Determination of epipedon and endopedon of diagnostic horizons through description and interpretation of soil profile properties is the basis of land classification, as the knowledge of soil properties, capabilities, and utilization. This research was a descriptive study, carried out in North Kalimantan using a survey method at two different locations based on the rock types, namely Location 1 (clay sand sedimentation) and Location 2 (sandstone). The description and interpretation of soil morphology were carried out by observing the nature of the soil profile, then determining the diagnostic horizon and soil classification referring to the Field Observation Guidelines in the Field and Key to Soil Taxonomy. The results of the study found that, based on its morphological characteristics, the soil in Location 1 had brighter colors, lower OC, higher Al solubility, and a thicker horizon compared to the soil in Location 2. Meanwhile, the texture, structure, pH, and consistency were the same. In both soil profiles, umbric epipedon and cambic endopedon were found. Therefore, the soil was classified as Inceptisols. At the sub-order level, Location 1 was classified as Udepts, and Location 2 as Aquepts. At the great group level, the soil in Location 1 was classified as Hapludepts, and the soil in Location 2 as Endoaquepts. This type of soil had low natural fertility therefore the efforts are needed to improve its ability and utilization through amelioration and fertilization technology.
Characteristic of Soils Developed from Pyroclastic Materials Across the Dry Southwest Tambora’s Footslope
Authors: Darmawan  , Widjaja H , Purwakusuma W , Baskoro D P T
Published: December 2019

Development of soils from newly deposited materials are of interest for investigation, especially when the environment has specific conditions as the leading factors of the soil formation and development. The Southwest Tambora’s footslope is part of the last Tambora’s pyroclastic deposition but this part has the driest climate. Despite this Southwest Tambora’s footslope in fact at macro scale has homogeneous specific conditions, the results of toposequential soil observation showed that this area composed of soils having significant differences, even differed one another at the higher order of classification. The common characteristic of the soils in this area is that they have sandy texture with 70 to 90 percent sand mostly with limited soil horizon development, only minority of the soils already have B horizon. Regardless the sandy texture as the common strong characteristic of the soils here, the formation of B horizon is the strongest differentiae among the soils and yet there are some other characteristics to show that even the soils of the same taxonomic class are not necessarily homogeneous. Previous geological studies of this part of Tambora’s footslope depicted different modes of the deposition of the last erupted pyroclastic materials, among others by transportation and sortation processes after the material eruption. This difference has resulted in different stratification of particle size and the level of compaction of the pyroclastic materials. So the soil formation here have been taken place from not a completely homogeneous parent material condition, under the limited weathering rate due to the dry climate.
Lithologic discontinuity in Andisols on tea plantation area in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Arifin M , Devnita R , Sandrawati A
Published: December 2019

Tea plantation areas are normally found on Andisols developed from volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions can occur within several periods, resulting in a sequence of soil layers that can differ in every period and produce lithologic discontinuity in the soil profile. Lithologic discontinuities were investigated in Andisols on Ciater Tea Plantation in Ciater, West Java, Indonesia. Andisols in this area developed from the eruption of Mt. Tangkuban Parahu, Mt. Dano and Mt. Tampomas derived from two geological formation, the Qyd (Middle Holocene) and Qyt (Early Holocene). The objective of this research was to investigate the lithologic discontinuity of Andisols in Ciater Tea Plantation through macromorphological observations from four profiles in this location. The results showed that there were lithologic discontinuities in all profiles, indicated by unusual changing color detected by Munsell Soil Color Chart and increasing organic carbon content in certain depth. Some A buried horizons (Ab) were found, indicated that the underlying soils had developed from the parent material of the earlier eruption period than the overlying horizons. Detailed analyses of mineralogical and element in sand and silt fraction were needed to have the more accurate information of lithology discontinuities. Instruments like X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Visible Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy can be explored to investigate the lithologic discontinuity.
Bioremediation of lead-contaminated paddy field by using ramie, agrobacterium and organic matter
Authors: Rosariastuti R , Kartika K , Aryani W , Supriyadi
Published: December 2019

Lead (Pb) contamination is one of environmental issue because of its great influence on human health and ecological system. Paddy fields in Karanganyar, Indonesia are indicated to be contaminated by Pb, due to many local industries that dispose their effluents in local water ways. This research aimed to investigate the influence of combined application of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea)-Chelator-Inorganic Fertilizers on the change of Pb level in soil. The experiment was arranged in experimental factorial design using Randomized Complete Block Design as the based design, consist of three factorsand three replications. First factor was Inorganic fertilizer consist of without inorganic fertilizers (p0) and with inorganic fertilizers (p1); second factor was chelator (B) consist of without chelator (b0), chelator ofAgrobacteriumsp. I3(b1) and chelator of compost (b2); the last factor was Ramie (T) consist of without ramie (t0) and with ramie application (t1). The main parameter observed in this research was effectivity of phytoremediation and Pb levels in soil and in plant shoot and root. Data was analyzed by statistical analysis using ANOVA continued by DMRT, T-Test and Correlation Test. The results showed that interaction between inorganic fertilizers, chelator and ramie clearly enhanced total bacterial colonies. Ramie was able to decreased Pb level in soils up to 29.51%.Agrobacteriumsp. I3increased effectivity of Ramie in decreasing Pb level in soil. The phytoremediation effectivity increased up to 41.82% by increasing roots Pb uptake (9.78 μg) and shoots Pb uptake (25.97 μg). Compost decreased roots Pb uptake (1.74 μg) and shoots Pb uptake (14.85 μg).
Electrokinetic of red mud
Authors: Sipayung A J , Suryaningtyas D T , Sumawinata B
Published: December 2019

Red mud - a bauxite residue, is a by-product of the Bayer Process for refining bauxite to alumina. Red mud is highly alkaline, due to the sodium hydroxide utilization to purify bauxite from silicate and other impurities. In order to produce one ton of aluminium, it will be yielded 0.8 to 1.5 tons of red mud is produced as by-product. Red mud has unique characteristics such as acidity (pH) of 10.88, Electrical Conductivity (EC) of 22.3 dS m−1 and Na+ level of 49.91 cmol(+) kg−1. Safe storage of the red mud requires a specified impoundments with leachate collection and treatment to prevent contamination of soil and groundwater. This study investigated the feasibility of electrokinetic treatment for reclamation of red mud. A set of laboratory electrokinetic tests was carried out in order to identify the main parameters and processes affecting the removal of ions from red mud. Experiments were conducted using 30 and 45 volts direct current and was compared to washing method by using aquadest 1:25. After 30 days of electrokinetic, a zone of pH (8.6) was detected close to the anode, lower than the washing results (pH 9.17). Among the various cations, the highest removal efficiency was achieved for Na+ 98.01% close to the anode with 45 volts current, higher than washing result 67.2%. The result of this study provided evidence that the application of electrokinetics endorsing its validity as a viable red mud remediation technology.
Changes in degraded peat land characteristic using FTIR-spectrocopy
Authors: Maftu’ah E , Fahmi A , Hayati A
Published: December 2019

Degraded peatlands can be detected laboratory analysis and field appearance. Peatlands degradation is characterized by a very reduced water holding capacity which is caused by peat fire or over drain. The capacity of peat to hold water is closely related to their functional groups. Analysis using Fourier Tansform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrocopy enable to determine the functional groups of peat. The research was aimed to study peatland degradation based on functional group changes through FTIR analysis. The samples of peat soil were taken from burned peatland, agricultural peat land and natural peat in Kalampangan, Central Kalimantan. The hydrophobic properties of the functional group are indicated as lignin, carboxylic or phenolic groups, fat, wax or lipids, while the hydrophilic functional group is indicated as protein and cellulose. Degraded peat have the hydrophobic group of 56.20%, while in natural peatlands was around 29%. Hydrophilic functional group on burned peatlands was 34.5-43%, natural peatland was 60-70% and agricultural peatland was 66%. Functional group analysis using FTIR can be used to detect the level of peatland degradation, through a significant increase in hydrophobic groups
Revegetation of tin post-mining sites in Bangka Island to enhance soil surface development
Authors: Setyawan D , Hermawan A , Hanum H
Published: December 2019

Sandy tailing, a by-product of tin processing plant is commonly utilized for land preparation for revegetation. In some cases in the land reclamation, slime (clayey) and lateritic materials are also used. Mining company has an obligation to improve environmental quality by which revegetation is introduced using a variety of introduced fast growing species and local species. In this paper we have examined soil surface development under different plant species in tin post-mining area in Bangka Island. The study was carried out in Air Benuang (planted in 2017, Anacardium, 1 m height), Air Pelawan 2 (planted in 2017, Paraserianthes falcataria, 6 m height), Air Pelawan 1 (planted in 2015, rubber trees, 2 m height), Batu Ampar (2007, Acacia mangium, 10 m height), and a secondary forest in Air Mesu. In every site a small pit was excavated and some soil physical properties were analyzed in site as well as in laboratory. The results indicated that surface soil of recently revegetated sites has gradually changed into slightly darker from light yellowish brown (10 YR 6/4) into 10 YR 3/1 owing to such addition of organic matter and topsoil during sites preparation. Meanwhile, for the older site of Batu Ampar remains grey (10 YR 5/1-6/1) due to less incorporation of decomposing litter of Acacia. Revegetation also enhances decrease of bulk density with age of reclamation. Water infiltration is likely related to the amount of sand fraction but not with the age of revegetation. We learn from the results that plant selection for revegetation is the key factor to ensure a long-term recovery of soil surface condition.
Potential of Boehmia nivea as phytoremediator for petroleum-contaminated soil following nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculation
Authors: Suryatmana P , Setiawati M R , Nursyabani D D , Kamaluddin N N
Published: December 2019

Phytoremediation is one of an alternative technology to overcome a petroleum-contaminated soil. Boehmia nivea or Ramie has the potential to be used as a phytoremediatoragent to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. The effort to improve the performance of Ramie in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons is through the concept of phytostimulant inoculation in biological fertilizer. The objective of pot experiment was to investigate the performance of Ramie as a phytoremediator of petrolleum waste. The research was designed in a randomized block design and consisted of Ramie treatment without inoulation, Ramie inoculated with 2% Azotobacter vinelandii, 2% Azospirillum sp., and 2% consortia of both inoculants. Experimental result showed that Ramie plants removed petroleum hydrocarbons up to 83.22% after 13 week of inoculation. The efficacy of hydrocarbon degradation increased significantly if Ramie plants was inoculated by N-fixing bacteria, but the biodegradation efficiency in biofertilizer treatments was not significantly different.
Fusing environmental variables into soil spectroscopy modeling using a novel two-step regression method
Authors: Adi S H , Grunwald S , Tafakresnanto C
Published: December 2019

Soil spectroscopy modelling has been extensively studied as the cost-effective proximal sensing method for soil total and organic carbon predictions. Soil carbon properties were highly predictable due to the existence of active carbon molecular bonds within the Visible/Near-Infrared (VNIR) wavelength region. However, prediction results are highly variable for soil properties without active molecular bonds within the VNIR region, such as soil pH, sum of bases (SB), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). This research is intended to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), pH, SB and CEC prediction accuracies by fusing categorical environmental variables (soil sample depth class, soil order, landform, and parent material) with continuous soil spectral data. We introduce a novel two-step regression method (2Step-R) to properly integrate the mixed type variables utilizing Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Ridge Regression in the modelling. Results from our analysis showed that the novel 2Step-R method was capable to improve the standard PLSR prediction model performances from fair (with ratio of performance to deviation or RPD between 1 and 1.4) to acceptable (RPD between 1.4 to 2), particularly for N, pH, and SB predictions. Slight model performance improvements were achieved for SOC and CEC predictions, although RPD values were within the acceptable range. In conclusion, the 2Step-R method is promising to enhance soil prediction performances and offers flexibility to include different types of ancillary model covariates suited to mix categorical soil-environmental and continuous spectral data.
The productivity increasing of peatlands on community land by multi-cropping model in Riau Indonesia
Authors: Ariyanto D P , Sumarno  , Supriyono  , Yunus A , Pudjiasmanto B , Rahayu  , Widijanto H , Suntoro
Published: December 2019

Development and protection of peatlands become important things to reduce land damage, such as peatland fires, and can increase economic value for farmers. This research aims to evaluate the development of peatlands which friendly. The conduct was August 2017 to June 2019 in Merbau, Bunut Regency-Province of Riau, Indonesia. The area has 3 peatlands; those are shallow, medium, deep, and enrichment peat. The results showed that multi-cropping could be cultivated to some plants, those are Liberika coffee, rubber, and Areca nut for annual plants. Besides that, a pineapple could be cultivated among annual plants. Monkeys and wild boars are seriously affecting independence to cultivation. Community and farmers approach with public figure become the key to land management without peatland fires.
Impact Of The Implementation Of Strategic Cultivars On Traditional Cultivars In The Technical Efficiency Of Farmers And Welfare (The Case Of Strawberry Crop Farming In Serang Village)
Authors: Poernomo Adi , Sitibadriah Lilis , Setyorini Gunawan Diah , Suharno
Published: December 2019

The implementation of strategic strawberry cultivars in Serang village agriculture has caused some farmers to switch from vegetable farming to strawberry farming, this phenomena is interesting to find out whether the transfer to strawberry cultivar plants is followed by increased production efficiency and farmer welfare. The aim of this study is to analyze the level of technical efficiency of strawberry farming and vegetable farming, and to measure the level of welfare of farmers through the “farmer exchange rate index”. The data used in this study are primary data, with the method of “in-depth interviews”. Quantitative analysis was carried out to measure the level of technical efficiency of strawberry and vegetable farming using the Data Envelopment Analysis approach. The measurement of technical efficiency of strawberry and vegetable production uses input variables which consist of “land rent, labor, fertilizer, seeds, medicines, irrigation, and agricultural equipment”, and the output variable is production. Measurements of the efficiency of strawberry distribution and vegetable farming use variable input number of distributors and shipping costs, and the output variable is the distributor’s selling price. To measure the level of welfare of farmers, the farmers’ exchange rate index is used, which is a measure of the ability of the exchange rate of products produced and sold by farmers with products consumed by farmers, both those which are household needs and agricultural production costs. The results of the Data Envelopment Analysis show that from the level of efficiency of production and distribution, strawberry farming and vegetable farming on average are already efficient. The results of measuring the level of welfare of farmers indicate that strawberry and vegetable farmers are in prosperous conditions.
The antioxidant activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linii) phenolic compounds in different variations microwave-assisted extraction time and power
Authors: Purbowati Ike Sitoresmi M , Maksum Ali
Published: December 2019

The roselle flower bioactive compounds must be extracted out of the cell to facilitate their use. The use of microwave-assisted extraction methods is considered more effective and efficient, but improper use of microwave power and extraction time will actually cause damage to the bioactive compound. The focus of these study was to evaluate the effect of different microwave power and extraction time on chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of roselle flower extract. The research design used in this study was randomized block design (RBD) trial with 2 (two) factors. The first factor is microwave power (100, 175, 250, 325 and 400 watts). Second one is extraction time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 minutes). The effect showed that the use of microwave power which give the best results is 325 watts with total anthocyanin 13.8591 mg/100g, vitamin C 110.88 mg/100g,. The best extraction time was 5 minutes with total anthocyanin 13.8381 mg/100g, vitamin C 121.44 mg/100g. The bioactive content is directly proportional to the antioxidant activity produced, namely IC50 of 0.515 ug/ml.
The Effect Of Kelor Leaves (Moringa oleifera) Ethanol Extract On Serum Uric Acid And Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Of Hyperuricemic White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Wahyu Pribadi Fajar , Widiartini Catharina
Published: December 2019

Chronic hyperuricemia leads to various complications due to the inflammation and oxidative processes. However, the current chemical medications have caused serious side effects. Ethanol extract of Kelor (Moringga oleifera) leaves contains various active substances potential for decreasing serum uric acid and inflammatory cytokine el. The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of Kelor (Moringga oleifera) leaves ethanol extract to serum uric acid and TNF-α level. The Method used is experimental study with post test only with control group design. Twenty-five white rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: A (healthy control), B (diseased control; hyperuricaemic), C,D,E (hyperuricemic, given ethanol extract 300,600,1200 mg/KgBW/day). Hyperuricemia inductioan was conducted by administration of 20 g raw cow brain/rat/day for 10 days and was continued until day 17. The result is the average of uric acid (mg/dL) in group A: 4,18±0,55, B: 15,02±0,71, C: 8,46±0,12, D: 6,55±0,14, E: 6,45±0,13. The average of TNF-α (mg/dL) in group A: 29,59±10,67, B: 122,58±40,45, C: 108,80±19,89, D: 60,54±8,40, E: 36,12±8,07. Data analysis used One Way ANOVA, followed by post hoc LSD for uric acid and Kruskall-Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney tests for TNF-α reveal significant differences among groups. The conclucion of this study is the administration of Kelor (Moringga oleifera) leaves ethanol extract in various doses significantly decrease serum uric acid and TNF-α level of hyperuricemic model white rats.