bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Crop Productivity for Guinea Grass (Megathyrsus maximus) Using AquaCrop under Different Water Regimes
Authors: Terán-Chaves César Augusto , Mojica-Rodríguez José Edwin , Vega-Amante Alexander , Polo-Murcia Sonia Mercedes
Published: February 2023

The perennial herbaceous forage crops’ (PHFC) biomass as bioindustry feedstock or source of nutrients for ruminants is very important from their final utilization point of view. In 2022, the AquaCrop-FAO version 7.0 model has been opened for PHFC. In this context, this study aimed to test for the first time the ability of the AquaCrop-FAO model to simulate canopy cover (CC), total available soil water (TAW), and biomass (B) of Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Agrosavia sabanera) under different water regimes at the Colombian dry Caribbean, South America. The water regimes included L1—irrigation based on 80% field capacity (FC), L2—irrigation based on 60% FC, L3—irrigation based on 50% FC, L4—irrigation based on 40% FC, L5—irrigation based on 20% FC, and L6—rainfed. The AquaCrop model uses the normalized water productivity—WP* (g m−2)—to estimate the attainable rate of crop growth under water limitation. The WP* for Guinea grass was 35.9 ± 0.42 g m−2 with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.94). The model calibration results indicated the simulated CC was good (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 17.4%, NRMSE = 23.2%, EF = 0.63 and d = 0.91). In addition, cumulative biomass simulations were very good (R2 = 1.0, RMSE = 5.13 t ha−1, NRMSE = 8.0%, EF = 0.93 and d = 0.98), and TAW was good (R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 5.4 mm, NRMSE = 7.0%, EF = 0.56 and d= 0.91). During validation, the CC simulations were moderately good for all water regimes (0.78 < R2 < 0.97; 12.0% < RMSE < 17.5%; 15.9% < NRMSE < 28.0%; 0.47 < EF < 0.87; 0.82 < d < 0.97), the cumulative biomass was very good (0.99 < R2 < 1.0; 0.77 t ha−1 < RMSE < 3.15 t ha−1; 2.5% < NRMSE < 21.9%; 0.92 < EF < 0.99; 0.97 < d < 1.0), and TAW was acceptable (0.70 < R2 < 0.90; 5.8 mm < RMSE < 21.7 mm, 7.6% < NRMSE < 36.7%; 0.15 < EF < 0.58 and 0.79 < d < 0.9). The results of this study provide an important basis for future research, such as estimating biomass production of high-producing grasses in tropical environments, yield effects under scenarios of climate variability, and change based on the presented parameterization and considering a wide range of environments and grazing variations.
Analysis of Seasonal Water Characteristics and Water Quality Responses to the Land Use/Land Cover Pattern: A Case Study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Zhang Linshan , Zhang Lifu , Zhang Donghui , Cen Yi , Wang Sa , Zhang Yan , Gao Liaoran
Published: February 2023

As the second largest city in northern China, Tianjin has a unique geographical and social status. Following its rapid economic development, Tianjin is experiencing high levels of surface water pollution. The land use/land cover (LULC) pattern has a considerable impact on hydrological cycling and pollutant transmission, and thus on regional water quality. A full understanding of the water quality response to the LULC pattern is critical for water resource management and improvement of the natural environment in Tianjin. In this study, surface water monitoring station data and LULC data from 2021 to 2022 were used to investigate the surface water quality in Tianjin. A cluster analysis was conducted to compare water quality among monitoring stations, a factor analysis was conducted to identify potential pollution sources, and an entropy weight calculation was used to analyze the impact of the land use pattern on water quality. The mean total nitrogen (TN) concentration exceeded the class Ⅴ water quality standard throughout the year, and the correlation coefficient of the relationship between dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH exceeded 0.5 throughout the year, with other water quality parameters showing seasonal changes. On the basis of their good water quality, the water quality monitoring stations near large water source areas were distinguished from those near areas with other LULC patterns via the cluster analysis. The factor analysis results indicated that the surface water in Tianjin suffered from nutrient and organic pollution, with high loadings of ammonia nitrogen (NH3N), TN, and total phosphorus (TP). Water pollution was more serious in areas near built-up land, especially in the central urban area. The entropy weight calculation results revealed that water, built-up land, and cultivated/built-up land had the greatest impact on NH3N, while cultivated land had the greatest impact on electrical conductivity (EC). This study discusses the seasonal changes of surface water and impact of land use/land cover pattern on water quality at a macro scale, and highlighted the need to improve surface water quality in Tianjin. The results provide guidance for the sustainable utilization and management of local water resources.
Evapotranspiration Partitioning Using a Process-Based Model over a Rainfed Maize Farmland in Northeast China
Authors: Chen Nina , Schlaepfer Daniel R. , Zhang Lifeng , Lauenroth William K. , Mi Na , Ji Ruipeng , Zhang Yushu
Published: February 2023

The Northeast China maize belt is one of the three major golden maize belts in the world and has been severely affected by climate change, however, the evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning is not clear. It is important to study ET and its components under climate change. In this paper, the water balance model SOILWAT2 was used to estimate ET partitioning in drought and humid years, seasons, and maize growth stages from 1989 to 2018 over rainfed maize farmland. The results indicated that the SOILWAT2 model performed well for the prediction of ET and its partitioning compared with eddy covariance measurements. The mean yearly ET, transpiration (T), soil evaporation (Es), and canopy interception evaporation (Int) were 432.3 mm, 197.6 mm, 204.7 mm and 19.2 mm, respectively, over 30 years. Es/ET was 6.3% lower in drought years than in humid years, T/ET was conversely higher (6.2% higher in drought years). There was no clear difference of Int/ET between humid and drought years. In the growing season, T/ET, Es/ET, and Int/ET varied from 40.0% to 75.0%, 22.8% to 55.7%, and 0.7% to 7.0%, respectively. T/ET decreased along with the growth of maize and was greatest at the greening–jointing stage. Es/ET was smallest at the greening–jointing stage. We found a power function relationship between T/ET, Es/ET, and leaf area index (LAI) and above-ground biomass. Our results indicated that for the rainfed farmland, drought may limit maize yield by increasing water loss of maize through increasing T under climate change conditions. Therefore, securing food yield will depend on increases in water-use efficiency and other adaptive strategies, such as drought-resistant varieties, and irrigation.
Morphometric Parameters and Geospatial Analysis for Flash Flood Susceptibility Assessment: A Case Study of Jeddah City along the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bashir Bashar
Published: February 2023

Flash floods are one of the most common and destructive natural hazards, and recent flood events show their severe impact on Saudi Arabia. Flash floods are increasing year by year in duration and intensity, resulting in huge destructive impacts for the nation concerned. Anticipating the spatial patterns and occurrence of rainfall-induced floods is in high demand. Recent technique-based studies and their comprehensive results aid in understanding the flood potential of the drainage basins and in minimizing the risks of a threat to humans and of economic damage. Jeddah City is located at the western coast of the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia and is one of the most important coastal cities in the Arabian Kingdom. It has experienced several destructive flash flood events, particularly in 2009 and 2011, causing serious damage and significant loss of life. An analysis of the morphometric parameters using geospatial techniques provides significant insights into the hydrological response of the drainage basins to major heavy rainfall events. In this paper, two relative flood susceptibility scenarios were produced: drainage basin levels and very accurate pixel-level conditions. The morphometric comparison levels suggest that basins 1 and 7 are very high, whereas the other basins have moderate and low levels. The derived flood susceptibility map was integrated with the topographic position and wetness algorithms (TPI and TWI) through overlay processing. The integration analysis aids in realizing the relationship between the general basin morphometric characteristics and the in situ relief for producing the flood susceptibility spots over the entire basins. Thus, the method of this paper can be applied to evaluate the site-specific plan minimizing the effects of flash flood risks in similar areas.
Dynamic Data-Driven Ship Motion Simulation toward Visual-aided Navigation on Water
Authors: Yang Zongmo , Jing Qianfeng , Li Xiaochen
Published: February 2023

Visual aids for navigation systems are a key function of intelligent onboard navigation units for ships. These systems visualize the planning decisions of an intelligent navigation unit for computer-aided visual navigation to reduce the cognitive workload of the driving control personnel of an intelligent ship. In this study, we propose a dynamic data driven method to simulate the motion of ships on the water. We constructed a validation dataset for ship motion simulation toward visual-aided navigation considering the combined effects of wind, waves and currents. According to the validation results on this dataset, the proposed simulation method exhibited good accuracy and real-time performance. Under the given control and environmental input series, the mean errors of simulated heading and simulated trajectory were 5.7°/h and 282.6 m/h, respectively; the simulation time was 475 ms for each hour of physical duration. Overall, the proposed simulation method satisfies the need for visual navigation aids and could improve the situational awareness of the driving control personnel of the intelligent ship.
Electrocatalysis of Selective Chlorine Evolution Reaction: Fundamental Understanding and Catalyst Design
Authors: Lim Taejung , Kim Jinjong , Joo Sang Hoon
Published: February 2023

The electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is an important electrochemical reaction and has been widely used in chlor–alkali electrolysis, on-site generation of ClO−, and Cl2-mediated electrosynthesis. Although precious metal-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have been used as CER catalysts for more than half a century, they intrinsically suffer from a selectivity problem between the CER and parasitic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Hence, the design of selective CER electrocatalysts is critically important. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental issues related to the electrocatalysis of the CER and design strategies for selective CER electrocatalysts. We present experimental and theoretical methods for assessing the active sites of MMO catalysts and the origin of the scaling relationship between the CER and the OER. We discuss kinetic analysis methods to understand the kinetics and mechanisms of CER. Next, we summarize the design strategies for new CER electrocatalysts that can enhance the reactivity of MMO-based catalysts and overcome their scaling relationship, which include the doping of MMO catalysts with foreign metals and the development of non-precious metal-based catalysts and atomically dispersed metal catalysts.
Climate Vulnerability Literacy and Adaptive Capacity Through the Climatepreneurship Strategy in Bilato Village
Authors: Pambudi Moch Rio , Koem Syahrizal , Lahay Rakhmat Jaya
Published: February 2023

The reality of climate change has an impact on people's lives. People need to pay attention to climate change that is happening. Climate change that occurs needs to be anticipated early on. With climate change, people need to increase their sensitivity to disaster threats. Bilato Village is located in a coastal area vulnerable to climate change's effects. The Bilato village community impacts the livelihood system due to climate change. The aim of holding the outreach is so that the Bilato village community adapts to climate change's impacts by utilizing existing natural resources besides fishing and salt. The subject of community service is the villagers of Bilato. The community service method is carried out in three ways: observation, interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The three findings of community service include a) how to reduce the impact of climate change, b) the village government's efforts to deal with climate change, and c) the fate of fishermen affected by climate change. Based on the results, it can be concluded that climate vulnerability and adaptive capacity with the climatepreneurship strategy of socialization participants understand climate change.
Book Review: Questioning the Entrepreneurial State: Status Quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy
Authors: Miller William Gordon
Published: February 2023

The essays presented in Wennberg and Sandström's Questioning the Entrepreneurial State tackle the idea of the state not merely supporting innovation and entrepreneurship through creating a favorable environment, but instead making decisions about what entrepreneurial ventures to pursue. It provides a much-needed holistic critique of the entrepreneurial state that is likely to appeal to a big-tent audience within the Austrian community, and it provides a primer on a wealth of academic foundations upon which to build for researchers interested in studying the idea of the entrepreneurial state.
Book Review: Capitalism, Socialism and Property Rights: Why Market Socialism Cannot Substitute the Market
Authors: Cwik Paul
Published: February 2023

Mateusz Machaj’s book Capitalism, Socialism and Property Rights is a straightforward and useful contribution to our understanding of the problems of socialism. Translated from the original Polish by Kacper Potocki, the book flowed smoothly. In it, Machaj makes three important points. The first centers on the discussion on how the socialist economists, who thought that a market could be mimicked or limited to only consumer goods, were wrong. The second is that the neoclassical economists, who used the model of perfect competition and thought solving the right set of equations could produce equilibrium, were also wrong. And the third, and most important, point is Machaj’s claim that Mises’s approach was too narrowly focused on economics and not broad enough for the legal and ethical implications of property rights. By broadening the perspective beyond the economic and into the legal and moral realms, one sets the foundations for policies of nations transitioning away from socialism in any of its forms.
Lebensgeschichten alter Eltern kognitiv beeinträchtigter Menschen. Über die biografische Bedeutung des Zusammenlebens mit einem erwachsenen kognitiv beeinträchtigten Kind aus der Perspektive der alten Elternteile
Authors: Oermann Lisa
Published: February 2023

Die biografietheoretisch ausgerichtete Forschungsarbeit rekonstruiert die lebensgeschichtliche Bedeutung des Zusammenlebens mit einem erwachsenen kognitiv beeinträchtigten Kind aus der Perspektive der alten Elternteile. Als weitere Fragestellungen stehen die erlebten Krisen, die entwickelten Bewältigungsstrategien sowie die subjektiven Vorstellungen von Familie im Fokus der Betrachtung. Die narrativen Interviews werden mit Hilfe der biografischen Fallrekonstruktion nach Rosenthal ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeichnen ein differenziertes und heterogenes Bild von älteren Familien und dokumentieren die Notwendigkeit einer veränderten Zuwendung, die die jeweiligen Lebenswirklichkeiten sowie individuellen Vorstellungen von Familie und ihre Herstellungsleistungen zum Ausgangspunkt nimmt.
Long-Lived Consequences of Rapid Scale-Up? The Case of Free Primary Education in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Filmer Deon
Published: February 2023

Across six Sub-Saharan African countries, grade 4 students of teachers who were hired after a free primary education reform perform worse, on average, on language and math tests—statistically significantly so in language—than students of teachers who were hired before the reform. Teachers who were hired just after the reform also perform worse, on average, on tests of subject content knowledge than those hired before the reform. The results are sensitive to the time frames considered in the analysis, and aggregate results mask substantial variation across countries—gaps are large and significant in some countries but negligible in others. Analysis of teacher demographic and education characteristics—including education level or teacher certification—as well as teacher classroom-level behaviors reveals few systematic differences associated with being hired pre- or post-reform.
ADULTERATION IDENTIFICATION OF ASTRAGALUS POLYSACCHARIDES BY NIR SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH SIMCA AND PLS-DA
Authors: FAN Zhao , JIAWEI Zhang , JIHAO Zhi
Published: February 2023

As a famous Chinese traditional medicine, the Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) market is continually expanding, while the quality of APS cannot be guaranteed. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been widely used in the detection of Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, NIR spectroscopy was used to identify the adulterants of APS. Prepare adulterated mixtures of APS with 75%, and 50% content, respectively. PLS-DA and SIMCA models were developed for 2-classification of APS, APS mixture (75%+50%), and 3-classification of APS, 75% APS mixture and 50% APS mixture, respectively. In the 2-classification, the correct classification rate of both the calibration set and the test set of the PLS-DA and SIMCA models is 100%. In the 3-classification, the correct classification rates of calibration set and test set for PLS-DA were 97.5% and 96.67%, respectively; the correct classification rates of calibration set and test for SIMCA were 98.33% and 100%, respectively. The study showed that it is feasible to identify adulterated Astragalus polysaccharides using near-infrared spectroscopy.
Transparent p-type layer with highly reflective Rh/Al p-type electrodes for improving the performance of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Liubing , Xu Fujun , Lang Jing , Wang Jiaming , Zhang Lisheng , Fang Xuzhou , Zhang Ziyao , Guo Xueqi , Ji Chen , Kang Xiangning , Tang Ning , Wang Xinqiang , Qin Zhixin , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: February 2023

We attempt to improve the light extraction of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) by introducing a highly transparent p-type layer together with reflective Rh/Al p-type electrodes. The p-GaN contact layer is thinned to balance the Ohmic contact and DUV light transmittance, which helps the Rh/Al p-type electrodes realize high reflection as well as good electrical performance. After optimization, the Rh/Al reflective p-type electrodes present reflectance of greater than 70% and specific contact resistivity of 3.75 × 10−4 Ω·cm2. Due to the improvement in the light extraction efficiency, the highest wall-plug efficiency of 278 nm DUV-LEDs is improved by 57% compared to the conventional configuration with Ni/Au as the p-type electrodes.
Quantum beat of heavy-hole and light-hole excitons originating from interband Stark-ladder transitions in a biased GaAs/AlAs superlattice
Authors: Hasegawa Takayuki
Published: February 2023

The letter reports the quantum beat of heavy-hole (HH) and light-hole (LH) excitons originating from interband Stark-ladder transitions in a GaAs/AlAs superlattice. Under the condition that the pump photon energy was well below the LH-related transition energy, only Bloch oscillation was observed. As the pump photon energy was increased, another oscillatory signal with a frequency of ∼6 THz was superimposed. The calculation considering related transitions indicates that the oscillation is due to the quantum beat of HH and LH excitons originating from the interband Stark-ladder transitions between the hole states and the electron state in the first-nearest-neighbor quantum wells.
Pb-free perovskite solar cells composed of Sn/Ge(1:1) alloyed perovskite layer prepared by spin-coating
Authors: Bi Huan , Chen Mengmeng , Wang Liang , Zhang Zheng , Ding Chao , Kapil Gaurav , Sahamir Shahrir Razey , Sanehira Yoshitaka , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Kitamura Takeshi , Shi Guozheng , Shen Qing , Hayase Shuzi
Published: February 2023

Since the DMSO seriously oxidizes the GeI2 which is one of the ingredients for the Sn/Ge perovskite, it was difficult to make high-quality films by using the conventional DMSO/DMF solvent. We now first report the MASn0.5Ge0.5I3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared by a simple spin-coating technology. We found that triethanolamine (TEA)/n-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) does not oxidize the GeI2 and improves the stability of the precursor. The precursor solution with TEA/NMP/DMF gave high-quality perovskite films. The cell gave a power conversion efficiency of 2.18%. This is the first report proving that Sn/Ge PSCs are fabricated by a conventional solution process.
The supervision and transformational leadership styles on nurses' compliance in prevention and control of infection risks at a hospital in Kotamobagu, Indonesia
Authors: Astuti Widya , Pujiyanto Tri Ismu , Nurhayati Susi
Published: February 2023

Background: The quality of health services cannot be separated from the collaboration of all components of human resources, including nurses. Transformational leadership supported by supervision can also improve the prevention and control of infection risk in order to optimize their work performance. Supervision activities carried out by the head of the room might have a positive impact on nurse commitment. 
Aims: The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of supervision and transformational leadership style on nurse compliance in infection risk prevention and control at GMIBM (Gereja  Masehi Injili at Bolaang Mongondow) Monompia General Hospital, Kotamobagu, Indonesia.
Methods: This original research used an analytic observational with a quantitative approach and a cross sectional study design. A total of 72 nurses who worked at GMIBM Monompia Kotamobagu General Hospital, Kotamobagu Regency, Indonesia, was selected in August 2022 using a total sampling technique based on the data from the human resources division. Two combined questionnaires were distributed to define the leader supervision (20 questions) and the nurses' compliance and their transformational leadership styles (18 questions) for prevention and control the infection risks. The results of this study were analyzed using SPSS Software (univariate and bivariate parameters).
Results: This study shows that a sufficient supervision frequency (59.7%) among the participated nurses. We identify there were four transformational leadership styles among the nurses at the selected hospital:  Ideal influence (33.3%), Inspirational motivation (27.8%), Individual consideration (20.8%) and Intellectual stimulation (18.1%). Moreover, the majority of nurses performed good compliance in the preventing and controlling the infection risks (80.6%). The lack of compliance might be significantly resulted by the leader supervisions (p-value: 0.002). By the bivariate analysis, this study suggested that there is a relationship between transformational leadership style and compliance (p value: 0.001). We also noticed that the leader supervision and transformational leadership style are moderating variables to strengthen the nurse compliance (R Square = 0.336).
Conclusion : This present study strongly suggested the hospital manager and head departments to pay attention to the two strong factors (Supervision and transformational leadership style) affecting the nurses compliance in updating and implementing the prevention and risk control programs.
Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership: The two factors affecting the nurses' performance at a general hospital in Bolaang Mongondow Monompia, Kotamobagu, Indonesia
Authors: Gaib Juritno Harmi , Mendrofa Fery , Dewi Rita
Published: February 2023

Background: Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership are two important factors for nurses to be able to motivate themselves and build intra relationships in hospitals, and may affect to the nurses' performance.
Aims: The purpose of the study was to determine how emotional intelligence and leadership affecting the nurses' performance at the General Hospital of the Evangelical Masehi Church, Bolaang Mongondow Monompia, Kotamobagu, Indonesia
Methods: This original research employed an analytic observational with a quantitative approach and a cross sectional study design. A set of questionnaires was distributed to the participated nurses to define the respondents' characteristics, emotional intelligence (10 questions), leadership transformation (12 questions), and the nurses' performances (8 questions). A total of 48 nurses were selected in August 2022 using a total sampling technique, and their answers were included to the further statistical analysis using PSS software version 15.
Results: Not different with other hospitals, at the Regional General Hospital of Kotamobagu the majority of nurses was female, and relatively has worked for more than 5 years. It has been noted that the nurses were measured with sufficient emotional intelligence (43.8%), transformational leadership (54.1%), and performances (58.3%). However, the number of nurses having poor emotional intelligence and performance were relatively high, respectively at 12.4% and 14.6%. It is indicated that the nurses performance were significantly resulted by the two factors: Emotional intelligence (p-value: 0.025) and transformational leadership (p-value: 0.005).
Conclusion: This study concludes that the emotional intelligence and transformational leadership are moderating variables to strengthen the nurses' performance. This study noted that the higher number of nurses highly perform if having good emotional intelligence and good transformational leadership. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the two strong indicators from this study if a hospital manager plans to improve the nurses' performance.
What to include in a Review, Commentary, Editorial, and Special Edition of Global Health Management Journal
Authors: Macnab Andrew John
Published: February 2023

There are several different types of article that authors can submit for publication in a journal. The article types are intended to allow for original research, commentaries, and reviews that are relevant to the stated focus and scope of the journal to be presented to the readers in an interesting and informative manner. Some journals have a special interest in less common forms of communication, and so will accept submissions to other categories, such as interesting images, videos, case reports, or descriptions of teaching methods or learning points. Authors should read the instructions and their editorial policies for authors section on each journal's website to identify the types of article the editorial team will consider, and then prepare their submission to comply with the description given for each type of article and specific instructions on how each should be formatted. This editorial describes three categories of article and their guidelines to be included in the Global Health Management Journal: Editorial, Commentary and Review. To provide more exposure of papers and works presented at international forums, seminars, and conferences, the journal creates specific guidelines to publish the selected papers from the meetings in Global Health Management Journals as a Special Edition.
Innovative strategies to promote global health: Lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Macnab Andrew John
Published: February 2023

The current view is that the hold of the Covid-19 virus is now being altered from pandemic to endemic status with global cooperation. While vaccination remains a central component of the public health interventions required to achieve this, a range of innovative health promotion strategies are also needed in parallel if we are to ensure that the pandemic continues to wane further.
Research and personal experience tell us that Covid-19 vaccines offer high protection against severe illness, aid the delivery of health care and save lives. However, WHO communiqués reiterate that vaccine hesitancy is a major threat to global health and that many countries still need to improve vaccination rates. It is also stated that in order to do this innovative strategies are needed to establish greater trust, improve communication and reduce misinformation. Consequently health care providers are being urged to build on lessons learned during the pandemic, find ways to build trust, counter residual vaccine hesitancy and promote other health related behaviors that are inclusive, allay fears and avoid scapegoating. 
Importantly, the strategies needed to increase willingness to be vaccinated and promote the health-related knowledge and behaviors necessary for the pandemic to continue to wane are now known to be highly country-specific, and regional differences in what approaches are required are also evident within counties. Consequently, as health care providers we need to develop innovative strategies and employ task shifting to the meet the specific needs of the individual populations we serve. This review summarizes ways to approach this challenge based the core principles advocated by WHO for promoting health literacy and changing behaviors; community empowerment, people-centered strategies, innovative education, novel and improved tools, training to respond to local needs, and the use of non-traditional avenues and outlets.
Validate Model Endorsed for Support Vector Machine Alignment with Kernel Function and Depth Concept to Get Superlative Accurateness
Authors:   Professor, Department of Statistics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. (Tamil Nadu), India., Muthukrishnan Dr. R. , Prakash N. Udaya ,   Research Scholar, Department of Statistics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. (Tamil Nadu), India
Published: February 2023

A support vector machine (SVM) is authoritative tool for statistical learning model which is well proved based on the literature reviews which is rooted in finding the operational risk. The Key factor is kernel function and its parameters selection. Once the debate of finalizing the influence factor (i.e) kernel parameters and error penalty factors, we can able to find the new kernel function as a proposed model by bring together the kernel with robust depth procedures. Here the GSOsvm has turn out to be best kernel function with local features to a global representative for any type of dataset. As a final point, experiments are done for dataset with different groups that are formed to show the superior value based on its accuracy on prediction of this kind of model which proves the best validation. Though many research readings suggest the usage of Radial basis (RBF) kernels and polynomial kernels for the conventional techniques, it was found that the results produced by these models have unreliable values, because of the sensitive in the data. The new kernel GSOsvm has the good reliable results both for real and simulated data values precisely when the data contains extreme observations that violated assumptions.
Allgemeine Didaktik
Authors: Lehner Martin
Published: February 2023

«Allgemeine Didaktik» ist eine leicht verständliche, umfassende Einführung für alle Lehrenden aus Schule, Hochschule und Erwachsenenbildung. Die wichtigsten didaktischen Theorien und Modelle werden darin ebenso diskutiert wie die Voraussetzungen einer erfolgreichen didaktischen Praxis: Ziele und Inhalte, Methoden und Leistungsfeststellung sowie Planung, Reflexion und Evaluation von Lehr- und Lernprozessen.
- Merksätze, Definitionen und Boxen erleichtern das Lernen
- 14 Tabellen und 30 Abbildungen machen Fakten deutlich
- Prüfungsfragen fördern das Verständnis
- ideal für die Prüfungsvorbereitung im Haupt- und Nebenfach
[...] Fazit: Martin Lehner zeigt mit „Allgemeine Didaktik“ auf beeindruckende Art und Weise wie es gelingen kann wissenschaftlich fundiertes Wissen mit Praxiserfahrung zu vereinen.[...]
socialnet - Doris Lepschy - 09.02.2010
Ethnografie
Authors: Breidenstein Georg , Hirschauer Stefan , Kalthoff Herbert , Nieswand Boris
Published: February 2023

Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine umfassende Darstellung des ethnografischen Forschungsansatzes. Es führt in die methodologischen Grundlagen, den Forschungsprozess sowie die konkreten Schritte der Forschungspraxis ein. Die Autoren zeigen, wie sich Ethnografen ihrem Feld annähern, Daten gewinnen und wieder auf Distanz zum Feld gehen, wie sie an Protokollen arbeiten, Überraschungen entdecken, Daten sortieren und Themen entwickeln. Es wendet sich an Studierende der Soziologie, der Ethnologie, der Erziehungswissenschaft, der empirischen Kulturwissenschaft und an alle Sozialwissenschaftler/innen, die Ethnografie treiben wollen.
Prof. Dr. Georg Breidenstein ist Erziehungswissenschaftler an der Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
Prof. Dr. Stefan Hirschauer und Prof. Dr. Herbert Kalthoff sind Soziologen an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
Jun.-Prof. Dr. Boris Nieswand ist Ethnologe und Soziologe an der Universität Tübingen.
Architecture of reconciliation. Co-evolutionary processes between communities and inner territories
Authors: Airoldi Francesco , Azzini Giulia
Published: February 2023

The proposed contribution imagines architecture as a means for the development of marginal territories affected by fragilities, bringing the theme of co-evolution back to the complex and still strongly discussed one of reconciliation between communities and territories.Removing cultural and social barriers to generate an empathetic vision of the environmental transformations taking place, through an investigation of the possibilities offered by architectural and landscape design by paying special attention to new research horizons of environmental sustainability, it is possible to generate cohabitation processes sensitive to the issues of co-evolution and co-existence between nature and humans.The aim is to identify sustainable and effective design strategies to bridge the gap between in- habitants and territory, to trigger virtuous dynamics of demographic, productive and social revitalization in those places characterized by territorial fragilities related to depopulation.
Natura, architettura e paesaggio nel Parco del Drago a Tenerife
Authors: Calvagna Simona
Published: February 2023

The oldest living specimen of Dracaena draco subsp. draco, an endemism of the Canary Island and Madera, whose health had been threatened by the urban development of the neighbouring town of Icod de los Vinos, in the north of Tenerife, at the end of the last century was at the centre of a choral process involving politicians, inhabitants and designers, aimed at restoring, through the design of a park in its surroundings, the thermophilic forest conditions of its original habitat. At a time when attention to environmental issues still constituted a niche research field, the park project aimed to re-establish, in a co-evolutive logic, not only the ecological relations of the tree with its environment, but also the network of myths and legends that link the long-lived Canary Island Dragon specimen to the local population. The study traces and illustrates the reasons of the project through an original photographic apparatus, enriched by drawings and considerations deriving from documentary research supplemented by conversations with the author of the work.
Co-evolution
Authors: Caravaggi Lucina
Published: February 2023

The term co-evolution forces us to reflect on the transformation of the meaning of some terms, linked to the profound changes of our time and very relevant for the design disciplines.Starting from the role that some relational models have had within the landscape project up to the uncertain relationships that the project maintains with contemporary landscapes, this essay deals with dynamic interweaving of lines and nodes in continuous evolution, as suggested from Tim Ingold's metaphor.The new landscapes require new interpretative references connected to the change in meaning of three main and constitutive terms of modern thought: nature, earth, evolution.The great separation between 'nature and culture', which shows a disturbing permanence in our disciplinary field, has been outlined in the belief that it represents a serious obstacle to the start up of new explorations and imaginations.Some hints on the Gaia Hypothesis follow, images of “forces in action” regulated by principles of reciprocity that has managed to defeat the idea of ​​the planet as a sink, or a container.  An idea that is rooted in modern thought, and which has made the boundaries between humans and non-humans increasingly blurred.With respect to the themes of evolution, I mentioned the need to contrast the imaginary of Darwinian origin,-based on natural selection (harden over the last century without any responsibility of the great biologist!), in favor of collateral forms of change, creative strategies of survival that slip away the classical gradualism of evolution theories, synthetically recalling Gould's research.In the second part of this editorial, I traced a possible interpretative geography of the contributions hosted in the issue, a map that overall appears very interesting for what it shows, and for what it hides. It is divided into 4 sections called: garden laboratories, resistances, dynamisms, reconciliations.Finally, I have highlighted some key terms from the texts by Laura Boella and Kristina Hill that can be useful for drawing new maps, orienting our design explorations.
Contextos de vulnerabilidade e superdotação
Authors: SOUZA Thais Barbosa Barros de Castro , Akemi YAMASAKI Alice , Serpa CARDOSO Fernanda
Published: February 2023

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de responder ao seguinte questionamento: Os contextos de vulnerabilidade aparecem em estudos acadêmicos brasileiros sobre as altas habilidades ou superdotação?  Para elucidar esta indagação, a metodologia pautou-se em levantamento de pesquisas nos seguintes bancos de dados: Google Acadêmico, Scielo e Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. A busca identificou 15 trabalhos produzidos na última década: 06 artigos científicos, 01 monografia de graduação, 01 de especialização, 05 dissertações de mestrado e 02 teses de doutorado. O resultado da busca revela que a temática estimula estudiosos nos diversos níveis acadêmicos com estudos desenvolvidos em 04 regiões do país. Agrupados em 07 categorias, em virtude de sua temática central, os trabalhos estão divididos da seguinte forma: Indivíduos em Situação de Rua (1 estudo); Situação de Vulnerabilidade (3 resultados); Instituições de Acolhimento (3 resultados); Conflitos com a Lei (2 resultados); Quilombolas e Questões Raciais e de Gênero (2 resultados); Assentamento Rural e Escolas Ribeirinhas (3 resultados) e Situação de Rua/Instituições Prisionais (1 resultado). Apesar da diversidade de olhares investigados, o resultado aponta que os estudos ainda são escassos, fomentando diversos questionamentos como: os mitos e estereótipos das Altas Habilidades ou Superdotação acentuam a invisibilidade destes indivíduos? Faltam políticas públicas que permitam a aplicabilidade das leis? Existem programas de enriquecimento para estes alunos em contexto de vulnerabilidade? Conclui-se que é imperativo e urgente que nós, enquanto coletividade, voltemos o olhar para estas crianças e jovens que continuam negligenciados nas diversas esferas da sociedade.
Outcomes, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs of Overall, Community-Acquired, and Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Koyner Jay L. , Mackey Rachel H. , Rosenthal Ning A. , Carabuena Leslie A. , Kampf J. Patrick , McPherson Paul , Rodriguez Toni , Sanghani Aarti , Textoris Julien
Published: February 2023

Background: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher mortality, but data are lacking on healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs related to AKI, community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI), and hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI).

Objectives: To quantify the burden of AKI, CA-AKI, and HA-AKI among inpatients with COVID-19.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included inpatients with COVID-19 discharged from US hospitals in the Premier PINC AI™ Healthcare Database April 1–October 31, 2020, categorized as AKI, CA-AKI, HA-AKI, or no AKI by ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes. Outcomes were assessed during index (initial) hospitalization and 30 days postdischarge.

Results: Among 208 583 COVID-19 inpatients, 30%, 25%, and 5% had AKI, CA-AKI, and HA-AKI, of whom 10%, 7%, and 23% received dialysis, respectively. Excess mortality, HRU, and costs were greater for HA-AKI than CA-AKI. In adjusted models, for patients with AKI vs no AKI and HA-AKI vs CA-AKI, odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) were 3.70 (3.61-3.79) and 4.11 (3.92-4.31) for intensive care unit use and 3.52 (3.41-3.63) and 2.64 (2.52-2.78) for in-hospital mortality; mean length of stay (LOS) differences and LOS ratios (95% CI) were 1.8 days and 1.24 (1.23-1.25) and 5.1 days and 1.57 (1.54-1.59); and mean cost differences and cost ratios were $7163 and 1.35 (1.34-1.36) and $19 127 and 1.78 (1.75-1.81) (all P < .001). During the 30 days postdischarge, readmission LOS was ≥6% longer for AKI vs no AKI and HA-AKI vs CA-AKI; outpatient costs were ≥41% higher for HA-AKI vs CA-AKI or no AKI. Only 30-day new dialysis (among patients without index hospitalization dialysis) had similar odds for HA-AKI vs CA-AKI (2.37-2.8 times higher for AKI, HA-AKI, or CA-AKI vs no AKI).

Discussion: Among inpatients with COVID-19, HA-AKI had higher excess mortality, HRU, and costs than CA-AKI. Other studies suggest that interventions to prevent HA-AKI could decrease excess morbidity, HRU, and costs among inpatients with COVID-19.

Conclusions: In adjusted models among COVID-19 inpatients, AKI, especially HA-AKI, was associated with significantly higher mortality, HRU, and costs during index admission, and higher dialysis and longer readmission LOS during the 30 days postdischarge. These findings support implementation of interventions to prevent HA-AKI in COVID-19 patients.
Drug Cost-Effectiveness Assessments Require Standards for Rigor and Inclusion
Authors: Goss Sawhney Tia , Thakur Neil
Published: February 2023

The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization, is the predominant independent price assessor in the United States. ICER’s cost effectiveness assessments are increasingly being used to support health insurance coverage and healthcare policy decisions. ICER often does not apply rigorous data quality and inclusion criteria to either the assumptions embedded within their cost-effectiveness models or the data inputted into the models. Poor quality assumptions and data can lead to poor quality assessments.

ICER should re-evaluate their reliance on quality adjusted life-years and equal value of life years gained as measures of drug effectiveness, establish data quality and inclusiveness minimum standards, produce cost-effectiveness assessments only when the minimum data is available, and prominently report data quality and inclusion limitations. These changes will increase the rigor and inclusiveness of drug price assessments and support sustainable access to high-value care for all Americans.
Infraestruturas de logística e transporte em Mato Grosso: uma leitura geográfica
Authors: Souza Ronivalter de , Negri Silvio Moises
Published: February 2023

A introdução do Brasil, na nova divisão internacional do trabalho provocou muitas transformações no espaço geográfico nacional. A integração econômica definitiva do território brasileiro, sob a égide da globalização, foi viabilizada pela expansão do meio técnico-científico-informacional, generosamente amparado pelo Estado, materializado na artificialização do território, ou seja, na modificação do meio natural pelas ações dos grupos sociais, o qual foi potencializado para responder às demandas da produção moderna exigida pela nova lógica de reprodução do capital. Nesse processo, a modernização agrícola foi aguda e a fronteira agrícola expandida, através da incorporação produtiva de áreas periféricas, principalmente as terras do território mato-grossense. A modernização do setor agrícola implicou no aumento da produção e na necessidade de uma maior fluidez corporativa, reclamando mais investimentos no setor de transportes. Porém, como o Estado teve pouca capacidade de dotar o território mato-grossense da logística de transportes adequada aos interesses corporativos, criou-se um quadro que limita a competitividade da cadeia do agronegócio, levando-o a buscar novas possibilidades para superar as dificuldades existentes.
Momordica charantia no tratamento do diabetes mellitus e nefropatia diabética
Authors: Nunes Ludimila de Oliveira , Rauber Larissa Naiana , Góis Mônica Teixeira , Maia Angélica Sarine de Oliveira , Morales Rafael Laurindo , Galdos-Riveros Alvaro Carlos , Costa Fabricio Moreira , Assis João Rafael de
Published: February 2023

Momordica charantia, também conhecida como Melão Amargo, Melão de São Caetano é amplamente difundida principalmente em países da Índia, Ásia, África e América do Sul, devido ao seu potencial medicinal. À relatos da utilização do melão amargo há milhares de anos em diversos modos devido ao seu potencial antidiabético, antifúngico, antioxidante, anti-helmíntica, contraceptiva e no tratamento de icterícia, hanseníase entre outros. Neste contexto objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da Momordica charantia no tratamento do diabetes mellitus e da nefropatia diabética. Estudos realizados sobre a composição do melão amargo mostrou que o mesmo possui grandes quantidades de saponinas e glicosídeos que auxiliam no tratamento do diabetes mellitus e nas complicações decorrente como a nefropatia diabética, esses compostos geralmente são mais encontrados no fruto e semente. Estudos realizados em ratos induzidos por estreptozotocina (STZ), demostrou que o extrato aquoso de Momordica charantia quando ingerido pode auxiliar na redução dos níveis de glicose no sangue, reparo das células beta pancreáticas, aumento da produção de insulina, além do efeito Reno protetor em pacientes renal-diabéticos. Os ensaios clínicos em humanos são escassos, mas com os estudos realizados já se percebe que a planta pode auxiliar no tratamento do diabetes e nefropatia diabética, reduzindo assim a utilização de fármacos e pode ser utilizada como uma estratégia para o tratamento não farmacológico do diabetes mellitus e nefropatia diabética.