bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of helical aluminium catalysts for cyclic carbonate formation
Authors: Gaona Miguel A. , de la Cruz-Martínez Felipe , Fernández-Baeza Juan , Sánchez-Barba Luis F. , Alonso-Moreno Carlos , Rodríguez Ana M. , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Castro-Osma José A. , Otero Antonio , Lara-Sánchez Agustín
Published: March 2019

Helical aluminium complexes have been prepared and used as catalysts for cyclic carbonate synthesis.
Ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheet arrays grown on polyaniline decorated Ni foam as an advanced electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density
Authors: Cheng Qiuhui , Tao Kai , Han Xue , Yang Yujing , Yang Zheng , Ma Qingxiang , Han Lei
Published: March 2019

High energy density is achieved on an electrode based on ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheet arrays grown on PANI decorated NF.
Mono-transition-metal-substituted polyoxometalate intercalated layered double hydroxides for the catalytic decontamination of sulfur mustard simulant
Authors: Sun Xiangrong , Dong Jing , Li Zhen , Liu Huifang , Jing Xiaoting , Chi Yingnan , Hu Changwen
Published: March 2019

The mono-transition-metal-substituted polyoxometalate intercalated layered double hydroxides Zn2Cr-LDH-PW11M can effectively catalyze the oxidative decontamination of a sulfur mustard simulant.
Pentacarbonylmethylmanganese(i) as a synthon for Mn(i) pincer catalysts
Authors: Kadassery Karthika J. , Lacy David C.
Published: March 2019

MeMn(CO)5 efficiently forms active Mn(i) pincer catalysts under base-free catalytically relevant conditions.
Structure and property changes of the soy protein isolate glycated with maltose in an ionic liquid through the Maillard reaction
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhao Xin-Huai
Published: March 2019

An ionic liquid is verified to enhance maltose-glycation and property changes of soy protein isolate through two chemical mechanisms.
Intrinsic ferromagnetism and topological properties in two-dimensional rhenium halides
Authors: Sun Qilong , Kioussis Nicholas
Published: March 2019

Intrinsic ferromagnetism and the intriguing quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in ReX3 (X = Br/I) layers.
Rational construction of self-supported triangle-like MOF-derived hollow (Ni,Co)Se2arrays for electrocatalysis and supercapacitors
Authors: Song Wenjiao , Teng Xue , Liu Yangyang , Wang Jianying , Niu Yanli , He Xiaoming , Zhang Cheng , Chen Zuofeng
Published: March 2019

An intriguing bifunctional electrode of self-supported hollow (Ni,Co)Se2arrays was facilely synthesized with a metal–organic framework (MOF) precursor.
III–VI van der Waals heterostructures for sustainable energy related applications
Authors: Chen Jianhui , He Xiaojun , Sa Baisheng , Zhou Jian , Xu Chao , Wen Cuilian , Sun Zhimei
Published: March 2019

III–VI van der Waals heterostructures are potential candidates in sustainable energy related areas.
MSOT/CT/MR imaging-guided and hypoxia-maneuvered oxygen self-supply radiotherapy based on one-pot MnO2-mSiO2@Au nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Siyu , You Qing , Wang Jinping , Song Yilin , Cheng Yu , Wang Yidan , Yang Shan , Yang Lifang , Li Peishan , Lu Qianglan , Yu Meng , Li Nan
Published: March 2019

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most widely applied treatments for cancer therapy in clinics.
Supramolecular steric hindrance effect on morphologies and photophysical behaviors of spirocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon nanocrystals
Authors: Li Yin-Xiang , Zhang He , Yu Meng-Na , Wang Sha-Sha , Liu Yi-Ran , Lin Dong-Qing , Xie Ling-Hai , Lin Zong-Qiong , Huang Wei
Published: March 2019

With a variable SSH effect between bulky groups and pyrene rings, three distinct nanocrystal morphologies with unique photoluminescence properties were realized.
Synthesis and biological activity of sphingosines with integrated azobenzene switches
Authors: Gonda Jozef , Fazekašová Simona , Martinková Miroslava , Mitríková Tatiana , Roman Dávid , Pilátová Martina Bago
Published: March 2019

The synthesis of photochromic active sphingosine analogues and their antiproliferative activity against seven human cancer cell lines is reported.
Direct access to bis-S-heterocyclesviacopper-catalyzed three component tandem cyclization using S8as a sulfur source
Authors: Zhou Peiqi , Huang Yubing , Wu Wanqing , Yu Wentao , Li Jianxiao , Zhu Zhongzhi , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: March 2019

An elemental sulfur atom donor strategy for constructing a thiophene-fused thiazole bis-S-heterocyclic skeletonviaCu-catalyzed three-component tandem cyclization has been developed.
Construction of bifunctional 2-fold interpenetrated Zn(ii) MOFs exhibiting selective CO2adsorption and aqueous-phase sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Authors: Dhankhar Sandeep Singh , Sharma Nayuesh , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: March 2019

Design of Zn(ii) MOFs, [{Zn(BINDI)0.5(bpa)0.5(H2O)}·4H2O]n(MOF1) and [{Zn(BINDI)0.5(bpe)}·3H2O]n(MOF2) for selective CO2storage and aqueous-phase detection of TNP is demonstrated.
Supramolecularly assisted synthesis of chiral tripodal imidazolium compounds
Authors: Valls Adriana , Altava Belén , Burguete M. Isabel , Escorihuela Jorge , Martí-Centelles Vicente , Luis Santiago V.
Published: March 2019

Supramolecular interactions based on amide groups direct the preferential formation of tritopic instead of monotopic or ditopic imidazolium compounds.
A highly porous and conductive composite gate electrode for OTFT sensors
Authors: Yambem Soniya D. , Burns Samantha , Arthur Joshua N. , Timm Jana , Woodruff Maria A. , Pandey Ajay K. , Marschall Roland
Published: March 2019

A porous and conductive gate electrode of PEDOT:PSS and sulphonated mesoporous silica nanoparticles is investigated for organic thin film transistor sensors.
Highly selective palladium-catalyzed one-pot, five-fold B–H/C–H cross coupling of monocarboranes with alkenes
Authors: Shen Yunjun , Zhang Kang , Liang Xuewei , Dontha Rakesh , Duttwyler Simon
Published: March 2019

Palladium-catalyzed five-fold B–H/C–H cross coupling of monocarboranes with alkenes enables the synthesis of selectively penta-functionalized boron clusters.
Evaluation of HOCl-generating anticancer agents by an ultrasensitive dual-mode fluorescent probe
Authors: Shi Donglei , Chen Shuqiang , Dong Biao , Zhang Yanhui , Sheng Chunquan , James Tony D. , Guo Yuan
Published: March 2019

Probe C7 for the first time presents different modes of fluorescence signals to both nanomolar and micromolar concentrations of HOCl.
Switching transcription with bacterial RNA polymerase through photocaging, photorelease and phosphorylation reactions in the major groove of DNA
Authors: Vaníková Zuzana , Janoušková Martina , Kambová Milada , Krásný Libor , Hocek Michal
Published: March 2019

Biomimetic switching of in vitro transcription was developed by photochemical deprotection of photocaged 5hmU or 5hmC in template DNA (ON) and by enzymatic phosphorylation (OFF).
Correction: What is the fundamental ion-specific series for anions and cations? Ion specificity in standard partial molar volumes of electrolytes and electrostriction in water and non-aqueous solvents
Authors: Mazzini Virginia , Craig Vincent S. J.
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘What is the fundamental ion-specific series for anions and cations? Ion specificity in standard partial molar volumes of electrolytes and electrostriction in water and non-aqueous solvents’ by Virginia Mazzini et al., Chem. Sci., 2017, 8, 7052–7065.
SiO2@MoS2 core–shell nanocomposite layers with high lithium ion diffusion as a triple polysulfide shield for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Jingyi , You Na , Li Xiongwei , Zeng Hongxia , Li Shuai , Xue Zhigang , Ye Yunsheng , Xie Xiaolin
Published: March 2019

The synergistic effect of the SiO2@MoS2 core–shell nanocomposite simultaneously facilitates Li+ diffusion and provides triple confinement of polysulfides.
Photothermally activatable PDA immune nanomedicine combined with PD-L1 checkpoint blockade for antimetastatic cancer photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Lu Qianglan , Qi Sun , Li Peishan , Yang Lifang , Yang Shan , Wang Yidan , Cheng Yu , Song Yilin , Wang Siyu , Tan Fengping , Li Nan
Published: March 2019

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown promising potential and bright prospects in damaging primary tumors; however, it is limited to metastatic and recrudescent tumors as PTT requires straightforward light irradiation.
Novel phosphorescent iridium(iii) emitters for both vacuum-deposition and inkjet-printing of OLEDs with exceptionally high efficiency
Authors: Hu Yong-Xu , Lin Tong , Xia Xin , Mu Wan-Ying , Sun Yu-Ling , He Wen-Ze , Wei Chang-Ting , Zhang Dong-Yu , Li Xiao , Cui Zheng
Published: March 2019

Novel highly emitting Ir(iii) complexes were developed and flexibly used as a dopant in vacuum-deposited and inkjet-printed OLEDs, which demonstrated record-high EL performances.
Association between TP53 rs1042522 gene polymorphism and the risk of malignant bone tumors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xin , Wu Fashuai , Zhang Zhicai , Shao Zengwu
Published: March 2019

TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene which is essential for regulating cell division and preventing tumor formation. Several studies have assessed the associations of TP53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with susceptibility of malignant bone tumors, including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, but the results are inconsistent. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to elucidate the associations of TP53 rs1042522 genetic polymorphism with the risk of osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma. We systematically searched Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Eligible studies assessing the polymorphisms in the TP53 rs1042522 gene and risk of malignant bone tumors were incorporated. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess these possible associations. Five studies with a total of 567 cases and 935 controls were finally included the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of TP53 rs1042522 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of malignant bone tumors (G versus C: OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.50, P=0.005; GG versus GC/CC: OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.21–2.00, P=0.001). Moreover, in a stratified analysis, a statistically significant correlation between this SNP and osteosarcoma risk was also observed. Our results suggest that there are significant associations of TP53 rs1042522 polymorphism with malignant bone tumors risk. More studies based on larger sample sizes and homogeneous samples are warranted to confirm these findings.
Nature of blackbody stars
Authors: Serenelli Aldo , Rohrmann René D. , Fukugita Masataka
Published: March 2019

A selection of 17 stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, previously identified as DC-class white dwarfs (WDs), has been reported to show spectra very close to blackbody radiation in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. Because of the absence of lines and other details in their spectra, the surface gravity of these objects has previously been poorly constrained, and their effective temperatures have been determined by fits to the continuum spectrum using pure helium atmosphere models. We computed model atmospheres with pure helium and H/He mixtures and used Gaia DR2 parallaxes that are available for 16 of the 17 selected stars to analyze their physical properties. We find that the atmospheres of the selected stars are very probably contaminated with a trace amount of hydrogen of −6 ≤ log(NH/NHe) ≤ −5.4. For the 16 stars with Gaia parallaxes, we calculate a mean stellar mass 0.606 ± 0.076 M⊙, which represents typical mass values and surface gravities (7.8 <  logg <  8.3) for WDs.
New view of the corona of classical T Tauri stars: Effects of flaring activity in circumstellar disks
Authors: Colombo S. , Orlando S. , Peres G. , Reale F. , Argiroffi C. , Bonito R. , Ibgui L. , Stehlé C.
Published: March 2019

Context. Classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) are young low-mass stellar objects that accrete mass from their circumstellar disks. They are characterized by high levels of coronal activity, as revealed by X-ray observations. This activity may affect the disk stability and the circumstellar environment.

Aims. Here we investigate if an intense coronal activity due to flares that occur close to the accretion disk may perturb the stability of the inner disk, disrupt the inner part of the disk, and might even trigger accretion phenomena with rates comparable with those observed.

Methods. We modeled a magnetized protostar surrounded by an accretion disk through 3D magnetohydrodinamic simulations. The model takes into account the gravity from the central star, the effects of viscosity in the disk, the thermal conduction (including the effects of heat flux saturation), the radiative losses from optically thin plasma, and a parameterized heating function to trigger the flares. We explored cases characterized by a dipole plus an octupole stellar magnetic field configuration and different density of the disk or by different levels of flaring activity.

Results. As a result of the simulated intense flaring activity, we observe the formation of several loops that link the star to the disk; all these loops build up a hot extended corona with an X-ray luminosity comparable with typical values observed in CTTSs. The intense flaring activity close to the disk can strongly perturb the disk stability. The flares trigger overpressure waves that travel through the disk and modify its configuration. Accretion funnels may be triggered by the flaring activity and thus contribute to the mass accretion rate of the star. Accretion rates synthesized from the simulations are in a range between 10−10 and 10−9 M⊙ yr−1. The accretion columns can be perturbed by the flares, and they can interact with each other; they might merge into larger streams. As a result, the accretion pattern can be rather complex: the streams are highly inhomogeneous, with a complex density structure, and clumped.
The shape of (7) Iris as evidence of an ancient large impact?
Authors: Hanuš J. , Marsset M. , Vernazza P. , Viikinkoski M. , Drouard A. , Brož M. , Carry B. , Fetick R. , Marchis F. , Jorda L. , Fusco T. , Birlan M. , Santana-Ros T. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Jehin E. , Ferrais M. , Grice J. , Bartczak P. , Berthier J. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Cipriani F. , Colas F. , Dudziński G. , Dumas C. , Ďurech J. , Kaasalainen M. , Kryszczynska A. , Lamy P. , Le Coroller H. , Marciniak A. , Michalowski T. , Michel P. , Pajuelo M. , Tanga P. , Vachier F. , Vigan A. , Witasse O. , Yang B.
Published: March 2019

Context. Asteroid (7) Iris is an ideal target for disk-resolved imaging owing to its brightness (V ~ 7–8) and large angular size of 0.33′′ during its apparitions. Iris is believed to belong to the category of large unfragmented asteroids that avoided internal differentiation, implying that its current shape and topography may record the first few 100 Myr of the solar system’s collisional evolution.

Aims. We recovered information about the shape and surface topography of Iris from disk-resolved VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL images acquired in the frame of our ESO large program.

Methods. We used the All-Data Asteroid Modeling (ADAM) shape reconstruction algorithm to model the 3D shape of Iris, using optical disk-integrated data and disk-resolved images from SPHERE and earlier AO systems as inputs. We analyzed the SPHERE images and our model to infer the asteroid’s global shape and the morphology of its main craters.

Results. We present the 3D shape, volume-equivalent diameter Deq = 214 ± 5 km, and bulk density ρ = 2.7 ± 0.3 g cm−3 of Iris. Its shape appears to be consistent with that of an oblate spheroid with a large equatorial excavation. We identified eight putative surface features 20–40 km in diameter detected at several epochs, which we interpret as impact craters, and several additional crater candidates. Craters on Iris have depth-to-diameter ratios that are similar to those of analogous 10 km craters on Vesta.

Conclusions. The bulk density of Iris is consistent with that of its meteoritic analog based on spectroscopic observations, namely LL ordinary chondrites. Considering the absence of a collisional family related to Iris and the number of large craters on its surface, we suggest that its equatorial depression may be the remnant of an ancient (at least 3 Gyr) impact. Iris’s shape further opens the possibility that large planetesimals formed as almost perfect oblate spheroids. Finally, we attribute the difference in crater morphology between Iris and Vesta to their different surface gravities, and the absence of a substantial impact-induced regolith on Iris.
Exploring He II λ1640 emission line properties atz∼2−4
Authors: Nanayakkara Themiya , Brinchmann Jarle , Boogaard Leindert , Bouwens Rychard , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Feltre Anna , Kollatschny Wolfram , Marino Raffaella Anna , Maseda Michael , Matthee Jorryt , Paalvast Mieke , Richard Johan , Verhamme Anne
Published: March 2019

Deep optical spectroscopic surveys of galaxies provide a unique opportunity to investigate rest-frame ultra-violet (UV) emission line properties of galaxies atz ∼ 2 − 4.5. Here we combine VLT/MUSE Guaranteed Time Observations of theHubbleDeep Field South, Ultra Deep Field, COSMOS, and several quasar fields with other publicly available data from VLT/VIMOS and VLT/FORS2 to construct a catalogue of He II λ1640 emitters atz ≳ 2. The deepest areas of our MUSE pointings reach a 3σline flux limit of 3.1 × 10−19erg s−1cm−2. After discarding broad-line active galactic nuclei, we find 13 He II λ1640 detections from MUSE with a medianMUV = −20.1 and 21 tentative He II λ1640 detections from other public surveys. Excluding Lyα, all except two galaxies in our sample show at least one other rest-UV emission line, with C III]λ1907,λ1909 being the most prominent. We use multi-wavelength data available in theHubblelegacy fields to derive basic galaxy properties of our sample through spectral energy distribution fitting techniques. Taking advantage of the high-quality spectra obtained by MUSE (∼10 − 30 h of exposure time per pointing), we use photo-ionisation models to study the rest-UV emission line diagnostics of the He II λ1640 emitters. Line ratios of our sample can be reproduced by moderately sub-solar photo-ionisation models, however, we find that including effects of binary stars lead to degeneracies in most free parameters. Even after considering extra ionising photons produced by extreme sub-solar metallicity binary stellar models, photo-ionisation models are unable to reproduce rest-frame He II λ1640 equivalent widths (∼0.2 − 10 Å), thus additional mechanisms are necessary in models to match the observed He II λ1640 properties.
The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 with MUSE
Authors: Fensch Jérémy , van der Burg Remco F. J. , Jeřábková Tereza , Emsellem Eric , Zanella Anita , Agnello Adriano , Hilker Michael , Müller Oliver , Rejkuba Marina , Duc Pierre-Alain , Durrell Patrick , Habas Rebecca , Lim Sungsoon , Marleau Francine R. , Peng Eric W. , Sánchez Janssen Rubén
Published: March 2019

NGC 1052-DF2, an ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG), has been the subject of intense debate. Its alleged absence of dark matter, and the brightness and number excess of its globular clusters (GCs) at an initially assumed distance of 20 Mpc suggest a new formation channel for UDGs. We present the first systematic spectroscopic analysis of the stellar body and the GCs in this galaxy (six previously known and one newly confirmed member) using MUSE at the VLT. Even though NGC 1052-DF2 does not show any spatially extended emission lines, we report the discovery of three planetary nebulae (PNe). We conduct full spectral fitting on the UDG and the stacked spectra of all the GCs. The UDG’s stellar population is old, 8.9 ± 1.5 Gyr; metal poor, [M/H] = −1.07 ± 0.12; and with little or no α-enrichment. The stacked spectrum of all GCs indicates a similar age of 8.9 ± 1.8 Gyr, but a lower metallicity of [M/H] = −1.63 ± 0.09 and a similarly low α-enrichment. There is no evidence for a variation in age and metallicity in the GC population with the available spectra. The significantly more metal-rich stellar body with respect to its associated GCs, the age of the population, its metallicity, and its α-enrichment are all in line with other dwarf galaxies. NGC 1052-DF2 thus falls on the same empirical mass–metallicity relation as other dwarfs for the full distance range assumed in the literature. We find that both debated distance estimates (13 and 20 Mpc) are similarly likely, given the three discovered PNe.
Analysis of Inherited Optic Neuropathies
Authors: Lazdinyte Simona , Schorderet Daniel , Schaller André , Valmaggia Christophe , Todorova Margarita
Published: March 2019

Background Inherited optic neuropathies (IONs) cover a spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogenic conditions. Genetic evaluation of patients with IONs may enable their better clinico-diagnostic assessment and management of the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic condition related to the phenotype in patients with diverse inherited optic neuropathies.

Patients and Methods A retrospective study was performed in 12 adults and 8 children of 8 non-related families. Clinical phenotyping, supported by color fundus, FAF, and OCT imaging, was performed. Genetic testing was obtained for all family members suspected for ION.

Results Identification of pathogenic mutations in eight non-related families helped to confirm the diagnosis of ION. Affected from ION were ten patients (eight adults and two children; four women and six men). Bilateral Leberʼs hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) was linked to the m.11778G>A mutation in two families (two affected and five carriers). Secondary homoplasmic LHON mutations in MT-ND1 (m.4216T>C) and MT-CO3 genes (m.9804G>A) were confirmed in two families (each one subject, three eyes affected), without detection of a primary LHON mutation. One member presented a picture of right-sited optic neuropathy associated with a c.220C>G mutation in the ACO2 gene and a heterozygous c.185C>T mutation in the LDLR gene. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy was confirmed in three non-related families (five subjects with bilateral ION), where molecular genetic analyses confirmed four different heterozygous mutations in OPA1: c.1847+1G>T; c.2497-1G>A, 297A>G and c.(2983+1_2984-1)_(c.*3211) (2 splicing mutations, 1 missense mutation, and 1 gross deletion encompassing exons 30 and 31).

Conclusions Combining clinics and molecular genetics when evaluating patients with IONs helps in characterizing disease and, therefore, is strongly recommended for such patients.
Herpes Simplex Infection During Pregnancy, Results of a Tertiary Referral Center in Turkey
Authors: Sert Umit Yasemin , Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval , Saygan Sibel , Engin-Ustun Yaprak
Published: March 2019

Objective The present study aimed to determine herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection during pregnancy, serologic status of symptomatic patients, and the frequency of PCR and culture positivity and neonatal disease in an obstetric population.

Materials and methods Sera of 1,690 women with genital lesions were tested for HSV IgM and/or HSV IgG between 2008 and 2017. All the patients were evaluated by PCR and viral culture to demonstrate genital herpes infection.

Results The frequency of HSV IgG and IgM seropositivity was 73.8% (1245/1685) and 28.6% (484/1690). The number with a positive viral culture was 288, whereas positive PCR was 305. Five infants had localized skin lesions of HSV infection at the time of birth.

Conclusion This study shows the serologic status, viral culture and PCR testing results of pregnant women who had a symptomatic genital HSV infection and efficacy of management strategies to prevent neonatal herpes infection.
Alternative Chemotherapy Schedules in Ewing's Sarcoma: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Singh Pramod , Kapoor Rakesh , Teja Ravi , Kumar Ritesh , Bahl Amit
Published: March 2019

Advances in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs) are a result of improvements in systemic and local therapies. VACA (vincristine, Adriamycin [doxorubicin], cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin) chemotherapy alone versus VACA + IE (VACA with alternate ifosfamide, etoposide) improve survival, but this regimen cannot be given to all patients due to poor tolerance and 5-day schedule chemotherapy in VACA + IE schedule. We reviewed the records of 50 patients treated as per our institutional protocols from 2007 to 2011. Two schedules of chemotherapy followed were vincristine, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (VAC) and VAC with alternate ifosfamide, etoposide (VAC + IE). Factors predictive of local failure and distant recurrence were analyzed. A total of 50 patients were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 14 years. Thirty-two patients were male, whereas 18 were female. Approximately, 95% of the patients relapsed after a median time gap of 1.6 years. The median 5-year disease-free survival was 30%. Systemic treatment with VAC or VAC + IE–based chemotherapy had equal local control and distant control rates. Smaller tumors had a better local control and lesser systemic failure than those of larger sizes. Successful treatment of Ewing's sarcoma requires optimal systemic and local therapy. Both the chemotherapy regimens showed equal survival rates. Control of both the local and distant diseases is a result of the combined modality approach. Stage at presentation is the most important factor for prognosis. Complete surgery and local radiotherapy are important predictive factors for local and systemic control.
Optimization of annealing conditions to enhance thermoelectric performance of electrodeposited p-type BiSbTe thin films
Authors: Lal Swatchith , Gautam Devendraprakash , Razeeb Kafil M.
Published: March 2019

In this work, we report the optimization of annealing process to improve the thermoelectric properties of pulse electrodeposited bismuth antimony telluride (Bi–Sb–Te) films by varying the annealing time-temperature profile. The innovative approach of sandwiched Te in between the Bi–Sb–Te layers aids in compensating the loss of tellurium during the annealing of BiSbTe thin films. An optimized Seebeck coefficient of 90.5 µV/K along with a power factor of 240 µW/mK2 is achieved for samples annealed at 350 °C for 1 h under N2 atmosphere with controlled heating and cooling rates. These improvements are attributed to a significant decrease in the carrier concentration as substantiated by the Hall measurements and to the increase in the crystallite size at the elevated temperatures as indicated by the X-ray diffraction pattern data. A comprehensive study on the annealing parameters reveals that the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity are considerably more sensitive to the annealing temperature than compared to the annealing time.
A first-principles study on magnetic properties of the intrinsic defects in wurtzite ZnO
Authors: Lin Q. L. , Li G. P. , Xu N. N. , Liu H. , E D. J. , Wang C. L.
Published: March 2019

Since the origin of magnetism in ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) is still controversial, in this work, we presented a detailed study on the magnetic, structural, and electronic properties of wurtzite ZnO-based DMS systems with point and complex intrinsic defects. Two outer electrons from neutral oxygen vacancy (VO) occupy the a1 orbital, making the inducted magnetic moment to be zero, while a cluster including three VOs leads to a magnetic moment of ∼1 μB. The magnetic moment of the system with a Zn vacancy (VZn) is 1.65 μB. When two neutral VZns in different relative distances were created in respective supercells, the systems showed different magnetic moments induced by the unequal level between the highest electron occupied orbital of the defect state introduced by different VZn sites and the valence band maximum. The system of a neutral O occupying an octahedral site gives rise to a magnetic moment of 2 μB, while zinc interstitial and antisite defects do not cause spin polarization. The system with a complex defect of VO and VZn is magnetic when those vacancies are adjacent but still do not cause the compensation effect. The oxygen interstitial defect is unstable, and VZn easily turns into the complex defect. We suggest that VO clusters and VZn complex defects could likely be the origin of ferromagnetism in undoped ZnO.
Silicon photonic crystal cavities at near band-edge wavelengths
Authors: Nur Salahuddin , Lim Hee-Jin , Elzerman Jeroen , Morton John J. L.
Published: March 2019

We demonstrate photonic crystal L3 cavities with a resonant wavelength of around 1.078 μm on an undoped silicon-on-insulator, designed to enhance spontaneous emission from phosphorus donor-bound excitons. We have optimised a fabrication recipe using readily available process materials such as polymethyl methacrylate as a soft electron-beam mask and a Chemical Vapour Deposition grown oxide layer as a hard mask. Our bilayer resist technique efficiently produces photonic crystal cavities with a quality factor (Q) of ∼5000 at a wavelength of 1.078 μm, measured using cavity reflection measurements at room temperature. We observe a decrease in Q as the cavity resonance shifts to shorter wavelengths (Q≲3000 at wavelengths <1.070 μm), which is mostly due to the intrinsic absorption of silicon.
Heat dissipation study of graphene-based film in single tube IGBT devices
Authors: Xu Yuan , Bao Jie , Ning Renxia , Chen Zhenhai , Xu Wenyi
Published: March 2019

The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices often work under significantly high voltage and current, and how to reduce loss within them and prevent damage to them, caused by excessive heating must be considered in their operation. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of a single-tube IGBT device is constructed to simulate the temperature field distribution. The influence of different nanometer and micrometer thicknesses of graphene-based film (GBF) on the heat dissipation performance of IGBT devices is studied. The simulation results show that GBF placed on a chip surface, as a heat spreader, can improve the lateral heat dissipation of local hot spots, with a high heat flux, and GBF can greatly reduce the highest temperature on the chip surface. Moreover, graphene-based film of micrometer thickness provides better heat dissipation than that of nanometer thickness.
Tilt control of the charged domain walls in lithium niobate
Authors: Esin A. A. , Akhmatkhanov A. R. , Shur V. Ya.
Published: March 2019

The utilization of charged domain walls (CDWs) as nanoelectronic devices requires three technological aspects to be developed: (1) controllable CDW creation, (2) tuning of CDW geometry, and (3) CDW removal. We have studied CDW formation in lithium niobate single crystals during polarization reversal using liquid and solid-state electrodes, as well as their combination. It was shown that CDW can be formed by two alternative procedures: (1) by forward switching for the liquid electrode at the Z+ polar surface and solid at the Z− one, (2) by backward switching for solid at the Z+ polar surface and liquid at the Z− one. The created CDW can be transformed to an almost neutral domain wall by the application of the field pulse of the reverse polarity for both procedures. As a result, the tilt of the formed CDW can be tuned reversibly in the range from 0.2° to 1.2° resulting in a change between isolated and highly conductive states. We have demonstrated that the created CDW can be used as a nanoelectronic channel for local electrolysis opening the additional possibilities for ferroelectric lithography.
Microcavity dispersion engineering for the visible optical frequency comb generation
Authors: Xu Canhua , Ma Jing , Ke Chaozhen , Zeng Zhiping , Shen Lituo , Weng Weixiang , Zhang YanLei , Huang Yantang
Published: March 2019

Large normal material dispersion acts as an obstacle in the generation of visible optical frequency combs (OFCs) in microcavities. The trajectory separation of light propagation aggravates the dispersion unbalance in the visible region. Dispersion engineering devoted to compressing the separation reaches a bottleneck due to manufacturing difficulties. In this article, we demonstrated that the separation of the light trajectory can be used to manipulate the cavity dispersion. In a bilayer concentric spherical microcavity (CSM), the visible anomalous dispersion was achieved numerically by precisely matching the separated trajectory with the appropriate materials. Furthermore, we simulated the generation of an optical soliton in the visible region based on the proposed microcavity. Our work provides a clue for the visible dispersion control, and the proposed BK7/silica CSM will be an interesting platform for the visible OFC generation.
Robust measurement of flexoelectro-optic switching with different surface alignments
Authors: Sandford O’Neill John J. , Fells Julian A. J. , Welch Chris , Mehl Georg , Yip Wing C. , Wilkinson Timothy D. , Booth Martin J. , Elston Steve J. , Morris Stephen M.
Published: March 2019

The alignment of chiral nematic liquid crystals in the so-called uniform lying helix geometry allows for the observation and exploitation of the flexoelectro-optic effect. However, high-quality uniform lying helix alignment is difficult to achieve reliably, and this can potentially impact the accuracy of the measurements made on the flexoelectro-optic switching behaviour. Here, we show that, using an appropriate method, it is possible to make measurements of the flexo-electric coefficients that are not substantially influenced by the alignment quality.
Unravelling the contribution of local structures to the anomalies of water: The synergistic action of several factors
Authors: Martelli Fausto
Published: March 2019

We investigate the microscopic origin of water’s anomalies by inspecting the hydrogen bond network (HBN) and the spatial organization of low-density-liquid (LDL) like and high-density-liquid (HDL) like environments. Specifically, we simulate—via classical molecular dynamics simulations—the isobaric cooling of a sample composed of 512 water molecules from ambient to deeply undercooled conditions at three pressures, namely, 1 bar, 400 bars, and 1000 bars. In correspondence with the Widom line (WL), (i) the HDL-like dominating cluster undergoes fragmentation caused by the percolation of LDL-like aggregates following a spinodal-like kinetics; (ii) such fragmentation always occurs at a “critical” concentration of ∼20%–30% in LDL; (iii) the HBN within LDL-like environments is characterized by an equal number of pentagonal and hexagonal rings that create a state of maximal frustration between a configuration that promotes crystallization (hexagonal ring) and a configuration that hinders it (pentagonal ring); (iv) the spatial organization of HDL-like environments shows a marked variation. Moreover, the inspection of the global symmetry shows that the intermediate-range order decreases in correspondence with the WL and such a decrease becomes more pronounced upon increasing the pressure, hence supporting the hypothesis of a liquid-liquid critical point. Our results reveal and rationalize the complex microscopic origin of water’s anomalies as the cooperative effect of several factors acting synergistically. Beyond implications for water, our findings may be extended to other materials displaying anomalous behaviours.
End-of-life care in hospital: an audit of care against Australian national guidelines
Authors: Bloomer Melissa J. , Hutchinson Alison M. , Botti Mari
Published: March 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to map end-of-life care in acute hospital settings against Elements 1–5 of the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care’s (ACSQHC) Essential Elements for Safe and High-Quality End-of-Life Care. Methods A retrospective medical record audit of deceased in-patients was conducted from 2016 at one public (n = 320) and one private (n = 132) hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Ten variables, key to end-of-life care according to the ACSQHC’s Elements 1–5 were used to evaluate end-of-life care. Results Most patients (87.2%) had a limitation of medical treatment. In 91.97% (P < 0.0001) of cases, a written entry indicating poor prognosis preceded a documented decision to provide end-of-life care, with a documented decision noted in 81.1% of cases (P < 0.0001). Evidence of pastoral care involvement was found in 41.6% of cases (P < 0.0001), with only 33.1% of non-palliative care patients referred to specialist palliative care personnel (P = 0.059). An end-of-life care pathway was used in 51.1% of cases (P < 0.0001). Conclusion There is clear scope for improvement in end-of-life care provision. Health services need to mandate and operationalise Elements 1–5 of the ACSQHC’s Essential Elements into care systems and processes, and ensure nationally consistent, high-quality end-of-life care. What is known about the topic? Acute care settings provide the majority of end-of-life care. Despite the ACSQHC’s Ten Essential Elements, little is known about whether current end-of-life care practices align with recommendations. What does this paper add? There is room for improvement in providing patient-centred care, increasing family involvement and teamwork, describing and enacting goals of care and using triggers to prompt care. Differences between public and private hospitals may be the result of differences in standard practice or policy and differences in cultural diversity. What are the implications for practitioners? The Essential Elements need to be mandated and operationalised into mainstream care systems and processes as a way of ensuring safe and high-quality end-of-life care.
Confirmation of mesophyll signals controlling stomatal responses by a newly devised transplanting method
Authors: Fujita Takashi , Noguchi Ko , Ozaki Hiroshi , Terashima Ichiro
Published: March 2019

There are opposing views on whether the responses of stomata to environmental stimuli are all autonomous reactions of stomatal guard cells or whether mesophyll is involved in these responses. Transplanting isolated epidermis onto mesophyll is a potent methodology for examining the roles of mesophyll-derived signals in stomatal responses. Here we report on development of a new transplanting method. Leaf segments of Commelina communis L. were pretreated in the light or dark at 10, 39 or 70Pa ambient CO2 for 1h. Then the abaxial epidermises were removed and the epidermal strips prepared from the other leaves kept in the dark at 39Pa CO2, were transplanted onto the mesophyll. After illumination of the transplants for 1h at 39Pa CO2, stomatal apertures were measured. We also examined the molecular sizes of the mesophyll signals by inserting the dialysis membrane permeable to molecules smaller than 100–500Da or 500–1000Da between the epidermis and mesophyll. Mesophyll pretreatments in the light at low CO2 partial pressures accelerated stomatal opening in the transplanted epidermal strips, whereas pretreatments at 70Pa CO2 suppressed stomatal opening. Insertion of these dialysis membranes did not suppress stomatal opening significantly at 10Pa CO2 in the light, whereas insertion of the 100–500Da membrane decelerated stomatal closure at high CO2. It is probable that the mesophyll signals inducing stomatal opening at low CO2 in the light would permeate both membranes, and that those inducing stomatal closure at high CO2 would not permeate the 100–500Da membrane. Possible signal compounds are discussed.
The future of phage clinical trials in Australia
Authors: Potent Keith
Published: March 2019

Australia is well positioned to conduct clinical trials in phage-based technology. Despite challenges with translating phage therapy to mainstream medicine, our regulations are designed for safe and innovative development. Recent success indicates that Australia is ideal for conducting further phage clinical trials. There are also expert clinical research organisations and generous tax incentives.
Bacteriophage therapy: coping with the growing antibiotic resistance problem
Authors: Chanishvili Nina , Aminov Rustam
Published: March 2019

The global problem of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens requires urgent actions, including the development of therapies supplementary or alternative to antibiotics. One of the infection control options could be phage therapy. This article gives a brief overview of phage therapy potentials as well as the challenges it faces in order to become a widely accepted form of infection treatment.
The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: prologue — of people, birds, shell and fire
Authors: Sherwood John E.
Published: March 2019

Moyjil (also known as Point Ritchie) is the site of an unusual shell deposit in south-west Victoria showing many characteristics of a midden. Earlier research established an age of 60 ka or older for the shell deposit but could not establish whether humans or animals such as seabirds were responsible for its formation. This paper, the first of six in this special issue, summarises the most recent phase (~10 years) of investigations. The site’s age is now fixed as Last Interglacial and following the stage MIS 5e sea-level maximum (i.e. younger than 120–125 ka). Fragmentation and the limited size distribution of the dominant marine shellfish (Lunella undulata syn. Turbo undulatus) confirm the site as a midden. There is also evidence for fire (charcoal and discoloured and fractured stones) and two hearth-like features, one of which has been archaeologically excavated. None of the evidence collected is able to conclusively demonstrate a human versus animal origin for the site. Significantly, a human origin remains to be disproved. These papers provide the basis for a new phase of research into the possible cultural status of the Moyjil site.
“That’s a stupid question!”
Authors: Ohta Amy Snyder , Prior Matthew T.
Published: March 2019

This study of a bilingual (Japanese-English) research interview, taken from a project investigating language practices in intermarried (Japanese/non-Japanese) families, examines the impact of interviewer and interviewee’s differing, and sometimes competing, perspectives and agendas. Drawing on conversation analysis and informed by work on stance, it examines how the interviewer’s presumptions, based in part on interviews with other family members, shaped the interview and challenged the Japanese interviewee’s identity as a good parent, and even, potentially, his linguistic identity as an English speaker. Following the interviewer’s code-switches from English to Japanese as part of repair, the interviewee uses standard Japanese and a regional variety that breaks out of the ‘information gathering/confirming’ frame and expresses an extended, more direct, and oppositional stance toward the research topic. By closely examining the unfolding interaction between interviewer and interviewee, this chapter offers a reflective perspective on research interviewing practices and how language ideology and language choice impact the generation of data and the management of conflicting perspectives between interviewer and interviewee.
Counselor Turnover in Substance use Disorder Treatment Research: Observations from One Multisite Trial
Authors: Hatch-Maillette Mary A. , Harwick Robin , Baer John S. , Masters Tatiana , Cloud Kasie , Peavy Michelle , Wiest Katharina , Wright Lynette , Beadnell Blair , Wells Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2019

Background: Counselor workforce turnover is a critical area of concern for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment providers and researchers. To facilitate the adoption and implementation of innovative treatments, attention must be paid to how SUD treatment workforce issues affect the implementation of clinical effectiveness research. Multiple variables have been shown to relate to turnover, yet reasons that are specific to conducting research have not been systematically assessed. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial testing a sexual risk reduction counselor training intervention, 69 counselors at 4 outpatient SUD treatment sites (2 opioid treatment programs [OTPs], 2 psychosocial) were enrolled and randomized to 1 of 2 training conditions (Standard vs. Enhanced). Study counselor and agency turnover rates were calculated. Agency context and policies that impacted research participation were examined. Results: Study turnover rates for enrolled counselors were substantial, ranging from 33% to 74% over approximately a 2-year active study period. Study counselor turnover was significantly greater at outpatient psychosocial programs versus OTPs. Counselor turnover did not differ due to demographic or training condition assignment. Leaving agency employment was the most typical reason for study counselor turnover. Conclusions: This secondary analysis used data from a multisite study with frontline counselors to provide a qualitative description of challenges faced when conducting effectiveness research in SUD treatment settings. That counselors may be both subjects and deliverers of the interventions studied in clinical trials, with implications for differential impact on study implementation, is highlighted. We offer suggestions for researchers seeking to implement effectiveness research in SUD clinical service settings.
Successful Treatment with Slow-Release Oral Morphine following Afentanyl-Related Overdose: A Case Report
Authors: Prinsloo Gerrit , Ahamad Keith , Socías M. Eugenia
Published: March 2019

Background

Overdose deaths as a result of untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) pose a major public health concern across North America. Although slow-release oral morphine (SROM) is increasingly used as an alternative option for the treatment of OUD, research on its efficacy among individuals exposed to illicit fentanyl or those with previous unsuccessful attempts with other opioid agonist therapies (OATs) is limited and controversial.

Case

We present a case of a 48-year-old male with severe OUD seeking treatment following a near-fatal fentanyl overdose. His previous treatment attempts with methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone-based OAT had been unsuccessful. As per local guidelines, he was started on SROM with subsequent cessation of opioid cravings and illicit drug use.

Discussion

This case report describes a patient entering early remission for OUD when treated with SROM following unsuccessful past treatment attempts on first-line oral medications. Future studies should seek to evaluate SROM-based OAT as a potential second-line treatment alternative for OUD.