bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting LIMK1 in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multifaceted Computational Investigation Involving ADMET, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Eşkin Defne , Nalçakan Harun , Kurtay Gülbin , Akkan Yiğit , Türk Mazlum , Uras Beril
Published: September 2024

LIM domain kinases (LIMKs), which include LIMK1 and LIMK2, are key proteins in actin dynamics. On this basis, the inhibition of LIMK1 enhances dendritic spine density and size in dementia, reducing Alzheimer's disease (AD) effects. Therefore, several small molecules were discovered as potential therapeutic targets for AD. Herein, a pharmacophore-based virtual screening was employed to identify novel potential LIMK1 inhibitors. The pharmacophore model derived from the co-crystallized receptor structure of PubChem-329823760: LIMK1 (PDB ID: 5NXC) was then used for virtual screening. After applying Lipinski's rules and pharmacophore filters, 29 potential hits were identified. Molecular docking simulations were performed to determine the binding affinities of these candidates against LIMK1, with results ranging from -5.20 to -10.60 kcal/mol. Notably, PubChem-136621040 showed the highest binding affinity against the target protein, with a docking score of -10.60 kcal/mol, slightly surpassing the native ligand, PubChem-329823760, possessing a lower docking score of -9.80 kcal/mol. The drug-likeness and toxicity properties of target compounds were assessed through ADMET evaluations. A series of 75 nanosecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted on the complexes generated by the best-docked molecule and the native ligand. RMSD, RMSF, SASA, and Rg calculations of their trajectories were also calculated. PubChem-136621040 possessed an average RMSD value of 0.23 nm, lower than the native ligand's 0.31 nm, indicating a greater binding stability. The RMSF results also revealed that the best-docked compound had a lower value (0.10 nm), while the native ligand possessed a value of 0.12 nm. The SASA values for both the native ligand and the best-docked compound were nearly identical, at 150.20 nm2 and 150.80 nm2, respectively. The Rg results demonstrated that both complexes maintained their rigidity throughout the simulation, with similar average values of 2.04 nm for the native ligand and 2.06 nm for the best-docked compound.
桦树茸降血糖类功能食品研究
Authors: 徐晟  , 苏瑞  , 韦帅帅  , 章立平  , 章文翰  , 孙海辉  , 沈燕  , 马伟
Published: September 2024

桦树茸又称桦褐孔菌 [Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát] 属担子菌亚门（Basidiomycotina）、层菌纲（Hymenomycetes）、锈革孔菌目（Hymenochaetales）、锈革菌科（Hymenochaetaceae）、褐卧孔菌属（纤孔菌属）（Inonotus）。桦树茸为褐色的多孔菌，多生于白桦树、银桦树等的树皮下，在树皮破损处形成肉瘤状的菌核。桦树茸的产地主要分布在北纬40°至50°的北欧、俄罗斯西伯利亚和远东、日本北海道以及中国黑龙江和吉林的长白山地区，因其具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗病毒、抗炎等多种药理活性作用，这种药食同源的食用真菌正日益受到人们的关注。目前，桦树茸已经成为一种极具开发潜力的功能食品原料。本文综述了桦树茸降低血糖的功能、功能成分、降血糖机理以及桦树茸功能食品的开发现状并对其未来发展做出分析与展望。
Sea Vegetables: An Alternative Food Source: A Review
Authors: Mukhia Dibya Jyoti , Chatterjee Ranjit , Biswal Suprava , Rai Safal , Rai Ujyol , Kumar Raj , Rai Subom
Published: September 2024

Seaweeds or sea vegetables are the non-traditional vegetables largely produced and consumed by China, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and other island countries. They are rich in essential nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, amino acids etc. making them a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Moreover, they have low caloric content and are free from cholesterol, essential for weight management and heart-healthy diets. Additionally, sea vegetables contain unique bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Globally the demand for seaweed as vegetables along with its several value-added products are increasing day by day. The cultivation of seaweed is cost effective as it does not require seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, no freshwater and arable land. Sea vegetables can serve as bio filters by absorbing excess nutrients from aquatic ecosystems, thus promoting environmental sustainability in coastal aquatic system. To combat hunger, achieve food security and protect the environment, it is crucial to create public awareness on the health benefits and nutritional value of sea vegetables. More in-depth research and developments are required to commercialize, explore the diversity of sea vegetables, develop innovative culinary applications and establishment of quality and safety standards. The present review works highlights a comprehensive overview of seaweed diversity, nutritional composition, health benefits, diverse uses, cultivation methods and potential for developing processed products for food and agricultural industry.
Demonstration of IPDM Module for the Management of Major Defoliating Insect Pests and Wilt Disease of Chickpea in Prakasam District Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Jahnavi M. , Prasad N.V.V.S. Durga , Chowdary L. Rajesh
Published: September 2024

Background: A front line demonstration (FLD) on integrated pest and disease management for management of major defoliating insect pests and wilt diseases in chickpea was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Darsi, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Methods: The field trials were conducted in Bhodanampadu and Abbayapalem villages of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh in an area of 4 hectares in 10 farmer’s fields during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Result: The results revealed that mean larval population of H. armigera and S. exigua/ 10 plants of two years were 1.4 and 1.87 in IPDM module over 8.23 and 4.12 larval population/10 plants during 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively in farmers practice. Mean wilt disease incidence of two years were 7.5 per cent in IPDM module over 18 per cent in farmers practice. IPDM plot gave an average yield of 13.78 q/ha as compared to farmer’s practices i.e 11.25 q/ha. The per cent increase in yield over control was 16.8 and 31.4 during 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. The net returns were Rs. 44568, Rs. 24061 and Rs. 35675, Rs. 10875 in IPDM plot and farmers practice plot during 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively. The average cost benefit ratio was 1:2.23 and 1:1.87 in IPDM and farmers practice plot, respectively.
Production performance and water quality of Caulerpa lentillifera with fermented fruit vegetable fertilizer
Authors: Supriyono Eddy , Chrisliana Chrisliana , Puji Hastuti Yuni , Lila Antara Kadek , Ee Ling Yong , Nurussalam Wildan
Published: September 2024

The use of fermented vegetable and fruit waste (FVF) based fertilizers as an effort to reduce waste has the potential to be used to support aquaculture activities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Caulerpa lentillifera cultivation with the addition of fertilizer based on fruit and vegetable waste fermentation on water quality parameters and production performance. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replications for four different doses of FVF fertilizer treatments, namely 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 µl/L. This study used an initial weight of 500 g which was reared in a concrete tank with a capacity of 1000 L for 30 days growth period. The results showed that the use of FVF of 0.1 µl/L gave a better net harvest weight (p<0.05), namely 0.08 ± 0.06 kg.
 
Keywords: Caulerpa lentillifera, fermentation, fertilizer, seaweed, waste
 
ABSTRAK
 
Penggunaan pupuk berbasis fermentasi limbah sayur dan buah (FVF) sebagai salah satu upaya pengurangan limbah memberikan potensi sebagai larutan pendukung kegiatan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas budidaya Caulerpa lentillifera dengan penambahan pupuk berbasis fermentasi limbah buah dan sayur terhadap parameter kualitas air dan kinerja produksi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga kali ulangan pada empat perlakuan pupuk, yaitu 0, 0.05, 0.1, dan 0.2 µl/L. Penelitian ini menggunakan bobot awal 500 g yang dipelihara dalam bak beton berkapasitas 1000 L. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan FVF sebesar 0.1 µl/L memberikan bobot panen bersih yang lebih baik (p<0.05) yaitu 0.08 ± 0.06 kg.
 
Kata kunci: Caulerpa lentillifera, fermentasi, limbah, pupuk, rumput laut
Impact of Liberalization on Project Management
Authors: Rajeev Sankar
Published: September 2024

Undertaking projects has been a subject which was of great importance for ages, but the subject drew attention with improvement in global business operations. Construction of Pyramids is a project work, so is a space mission. It has been seen that every project when undertaken for the first time brings with it unique focus, grouping of resources, and knowledge management. The proposed research work has the aim of analyzing the impact of liberalization on project management. Review of literature indicates that the topic has been introduced in various fields of science and related to its usefulness in practical applications.
Effect of Music and Perceptual Load on Decision Making
Authors: Guliwala Mantasha Abdul Samad , Singh Tripti
Published: September 2024

There are various kinds of information present in the environment, due to which it affects an individual’s ability to accurately detect and distinguish information. Therefore, the current study aims at understanding the effect of perceptual load (high load and low load) and music (tempo) on decision making (i.e., during a conjunction search task). 62 participants were recruited for the experiment and the responses were collected through Open Sesame. The participants were asked to report whether a red circle is present or absent, while listening to music. Two-way Anova, one-way Anova and student’s t-test were employed. The results indicate that perceptual load does not have a significant effect on the accuracy of responses. However, tempo of the music has a significant effect on the accuracy of responses (pes=0.08), in a conjunction search task. There is a significant difference between the proportion of hits and correct rejections, across different perceptual and tempo conditions. Students and workers listen to various kinds of music during their task involving varying levels of difficulty and perceptual systems. The perception during this process can either be facilitated or hindered with. Various studies have investigated upon the influence of music (i.e., classical, jazz, pop) but only few have focused upon Bollywood music with varying tempo.
Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique untuk Mereduksi Psikosomatis Pada Ibu Rumah Tangga
Authors: Mahmuddah Dewi Edmawati  , Hadi Warsito  , Aldila Fitri RNM  , Akhmad Setyawan
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique efektif dalam mereduksi Psikosomatis Pada Ibu Rumah Tangga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian Pre-Experimental Design dengan model desain One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Pengambilan data sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Purposive sampling adalah teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu dalam penentuan sampel. Alasan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling ini karena sesuai untuk digunakan untuk penelitian kuantitatif, atau penelitian-penelitian yang tidak melakukan generalisasi. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui pengisian psychosomatic problem scale. Analisis yang digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengetahui pengaruh masing-masing variabel menggunakan teknik uji analisis non parametrik yaitu Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Adapun pengujian hipotesis yang berbunyi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique efektif untuk mereduksi psikosomatis pada Ibu Rumah Tangga, berdasarkan hasil pada tabel berdasarkan hasil pada tabel didapat Z hitung sebesar sebesar -2,023 dengan Asymp.sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0.043. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique efektif untuk mereduksi psikosomatis pada ibu rumah tangga.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Segatt Pedro Henrique , De Queiroz Pereira da Silva Marcelo , Nogueira Dantas Gastaldi Thaís , Duarte Márcio Luí­s
Published: September 2024

N/a.
Valorisation of white wine lees: optimisation of subcritical water extraction of antioxidant compounds
Authors: Poulain Benjamin , Winstel Delphine , Massot Arnaud , Moine Virginie , Nioi Claudia
Published: September 2024

This study explored the extraction of antioxidant compounds from white wine lees using subcritical water extraction (SWE). First, SWE was compared to extraction using conventional solvents mixed with water: 50 % methanol, 50 % ethanol and 50 % acetonitrile. The antiradical activity of the extract increased to 12.8 mg TE/g of extract dry matter (DM) using conventional solvents and to 29.2 mg TE/g DM with SWE, compared to the antiradical activity of dried lees, which was 5.7 mg Trolox Equivalent/g of dry matter (mg TE/g DM). Second, SWE conditions were optimised to obtain lees extracts with a high antioxidant activity by applying a Doehlert design and response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction parameters modulated during RSM optimisation were extraction time (t, 15 – 60 min), temperature (T, 100 – 250 °C) and stirring speed (S, 100 – 1000 RPM). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP tests, as well as by measuring the Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) of lees extracts. Temperature was found to be the main parameter that had a significant effect on antioxidant activity. The results of the RSM showed the optimal conditions (temperature, duration and speed) for attaining maximum antioxidant activity to be: 240 °C, 15 min and 550 RPM respectively. The best-known antioxidant compounds in white wine lees, Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Glutathione (GSH) and Total Sulfhydryl groups (TSH) were also quantified. Extracts with the highest antioxidant capacity had the highest TPC and TSH concentrations. In conclusion, this study showed (i) that subcritical water extraction is a green process that has potential as an alternative to using conventional solvents for extracting white wine lees, (ii) the chemical components involved in their antioxidant capacity, and (iii) the potential of the lees for oenological and other industrial applications.
Is Governance Aligned with Rhetoric? Exploring the Board Composition of Leading Transnational NGOs
Authors: Mitchell George E. , Nerothin Peter H. , Pontes Megan B. , Schmit Hans Peter , Walsh Caroline
Published: September 2024

Transnational NGOs (TNGOs) often claim to speak and act on behalf of diverse communities, yet many are governed by boards that may not reflect the sector’s rhetorical commitments to inclusive governance. This apparent gap between rhetoric and practice has led to growing pressure for leading TNGOs to engage in governance reforms. This exploratory article evaluates the composition of the boards of 25 leading TNGOs in the United States with a combined 395 board members to assess the extent to which this rhetoric is associated with board composition. A latent class analysis of board member data measuring demographic, competency, and cognitive background indicators identifies a distinction between “inclusive” and “traditional” board types. We find that the inclusive board type is associated with rhetorical commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion, whereas the traditional board type is not. We conclude with recommendations for research to inform TNGO governance reforms.
The Power of Homeownership: The case for Iowa Heartland Habitat for Humanity
Authors: Jayswal Esha , Ugrin Joseph , Cornish Disa , Buhr Brent , Parrish Ali
Published: September 2024

This research examines the impact of financially assisted homeownership for Iowa Heartland Habitat for Humanity home recipients as measured in life satisfaction. We develop and assess a model with homeownership as the independent variable and financial well-being, current health, and psychological well-being as mediating variables that impact life satisfaction. We utilize data from 184 Iowa Heartland Habitat for Humanity homeowners and applicants to test the model. The findings show that homeownership through Iowa Heartland Habitat for Humanity is related to life satisfaction. That relationship is partially mediated by financial well-being, current health, and psychological well-being, where the mediating variables amplify the relationship between homeownership and life satisfaction.
A Glimpse of Ocean of Abundant Discoveries: Two-Way Cross Family Analysis of In-Silico Ranked 2nd Order Unexplored, ETC-1922159 Affected, Synergistic Combinations in CRC Cells
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: September 2024

Often, in biology, we are faced with the problem of exploring relevant unknown biological hypotheses in the form of myriads of combination of factors that might be affecting the pathway under certain conditions. For example, Brancati et al.1 observe that mutations in poliovirus receptor related protein 4 (PVRL4), encoding cell adhesion molecule nectin-4, causes Ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome. Interaction with cad- herins also implies an influence of nectin-4 on Wnt signaling, which plays a relevant role in limb development (Brancati et al.1). However, not much work has been done to explore the relation of Wnts and PVR family. In CRC cells treated with ETC-1922159, both were found up regulated. In a recent unpublished work in Open Science Framework, Sinha2, we had the opportunity to rank these unknown biological hypotheses for both up and down regulated genes at 2nd order level after drug administration. The search engine alloted high nu- merical valued rankings to some combinations of PVR-WNT, thus indicating a possibility of high combinatorial synergy also. The in-silico derived influences can be represented graphically as - PVR w.r.t WNT with PVR <- WNT9A; and WNT w.r.t PVR with WNT-7B/9A <- PVR and WNT4 <- PVRL2; In the light of the recent findings of PVR with IFN (interferon) and the known interactions between IFN and Wnts, there might be a possibilty to explore the bridge of PVR, IFN and WNTs. The 3 fold (PVR - IFN; IFN - WNT; WNT - PVR), 2 way cross family analysis might shed light on the possible combinations that might be of import. Here, we present a 2-way cross family analysis of multiple, such in-silico ranked 2nd order synergistic combinations, after ETC-1922159 treatment of CRC cells. Via this 2-way cross family analysis, we are able to discover through majority voting, the combinations that might of interest to biologists and also derive plausible influences of components of combinations among themselves. Note that these form biological hypotheses which indicate whether a particular combination and the direction of influence within the combination, exist synergistically in CRC cells. Wet lab tests will indicate the veracity of these combinations and if proven true, will lead to further study of mechanism between the components.
Structure and Requirements for a Knowledge Architecture
Authors: Gatti Riccardo
Published: September 2024

Knowledge is not merely the characteristic of certain pieces of information being deemed true, believed and justifiable, but rather a process. The sentences that reaches the status of knowledge forms a universe that provides an interpretation of the reality one aims to describe. Language exchanges information through communication and the justification, if concludes successfully with respect to a sentence, it elevates the information to the status of knowledge. We provide a model where we define the fundamental elements of communication and grammar. As a result, knowledge must be \open\ (everyone must be able to acquire it), \free\ (everyone must be able to justifiy) and \tidy\ (everyone must be able to retrace the justification process in all its parts recursively). Ultimately, the development of knowledge processing, referred to as \emph{knowmatic}, represents the evolution of the information technologies (\it).
A State-Space Analysis and an Optimal Control Synthesis for a Class of Linear Time-Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Penev Borislav
Published: September 2024

The paper deals with two new properties of the linear time-optimal control problems with real non-positive eigenvalues of the system. They are the foundation of a new method of synthesizing the time-optimal control without the need to describe the switching hyper-surfaces. The so called “axes initialization” and the synthesis technique are illustrated on the already classical example of the time-optimal control of a double integrator.
ON A NEW INNOVATIVE STEAM-BASED METHOD FOR TEACHING CYCLOIDAL CURVES IN ENGINEERING HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Szilágyi Szilvia , Körei Attila , Vaičiulytė Ingrida
Published: September 2024

Robotics offers innovative possibilities at all levels of education, which should be considered when planning the teaching process for certain topics of engineering mathematics in higher education. In this paper, we present a new teaching-learning technique using STEAM-based methods to explore the properties of cycloidal curves for Computer Science Engineering BSc students. Frontal teaching, which is part of the tradition of higher education, has been complemented with teaching methods that meet the generational needs of students: problem-based learning, integration of STEAM-based methods and project-based learning. We have developed a new methodological model that combines the advantages of the traditional teaching method with new forms of teaching that have proven to be effective in teaching Generation Z. The four-stage methodological model uses a variety of didactical approaches because each stage applies a different type of learning technique to make the learning process interesting, motivating and effective. One of the main pillars of the model is the use of Desmos dynamic geometry software to create animations, and the other is the use of educational robotics to support visualisation. The implementation of educational robotics and its potential for teaching cycloidal curves is discussed in detail. The effectiveness of the method was investigated with first-year undergraduate students in computer science engineering. Quantitative studies were carried out to test the effectiveness of the new teaching technique. The experimental results strongly indicate the value of using the four-stage methodological model to implement active learning in the field of cycloidal curves.
Web Platforms for the Management and Sharing of Data: Applications, Uses, Potentialities. A State of the Art
Authors: Spettu Franco , Achille Cristiana , Fassi Francesco
Published: September 2024

The increasing request of digitized data among several fields, including the built environment and Cultural Heritage (CH) one points out the need of proficient ways to access, archive and share 3D data and related information among users. The sector of reality capture produces accurate and reliable products that can support building management and CH maintenance, at the price of heavy and resource-demanding data. An emerging solution to this problem is represented by the web platforms for 3D data management, that promise to relieve users from the costs of archive and hardware, providing effective visualization, access and sharing tools. The panorama of commercial web platforms is analyzed according to the Software as a Service business model and the features of some representative platforms are exposed. The paper discusses the main advantages in terms of diffused access and collaboration and the potential issues concerning the long-term archive and data persistence. The future perspectives of the web platform sector are promising as, according to the current development path, could be able to empower the built environment and CH sector with a diffused, systematic and aware use of 3D data.
Ulam Stability of Second Order Periodic Linear Differential Equations with Periodic Damping
Authors: Li Jin , Xia Xiaofang , Zhang Chuanfang , Chen Renlian
Published: September 2024

We deal with Ulam stability of second order periodic linear differential equations with periodic damping. Necessary and sufficient condition for the Ulam stability of second order periodic linear differential equations is obtained by giving an Ulam stability theorem and an Ulam instability theorem. These results extend the conclusions in relevant literature. In addition, for the situation of constant coefficients, the minimum Ulam constant is given.
Optical Coherent Tomography Four Optical Couplers and Attenuator Balance System
Authors: Aluf Ofer
Published: September 2024

OCT (Optical coherent tomography) is an imaging
method used to generate a picture of the back of the eyes and
retinas. By using an interferometer, part of the light is directed
to the sample and another portion is sent to a reference arm
with a well-known length [1]. Interferometers merge two or
more sources of light to create interference patterns. We split the
light into two beams that travel different optical paths and are
combined to produce interference. There are two types of OCT:
one is time domain (TD-OCT) and the other Fourier domain (FDOCT).
TD-OCT is a system which depends on a mechanical cycle
time of the moving reference mirror. In FD-OCT the reference
mirror is fixed, and assists in sampling multiple points from the
ocular structures simultaneously. Optical coherent tomography
(OCT) generates sub-surface images of translucent or opaque
materials at a resolution equivalent to a low power microscope.
OCT build up clear 3D images of thick samples by rejecting
background signals whilst collecting light directly reflected from a
surface of interest. OCT systems use broadband sources and split
light in a fiber coupler, first on a direct reference mirror, and as
the sample is being measured. The noise types in OCT systems are
receiver noise shot noise, intensity noise, and beat noise. In OCT
systems there is balanced detection and unbalanced detection.
In balanced detection, the total photo current variance or noise
is σ2
i = σ2
re + σ2
sh + σ2
be. In contrast, OCT unbalanced systems
contain Michelson interferometer. A balanced OCT system is an
extended version of the unbalanced variant with two more beam
splitters added for double detection. Balanced OCT systems can
include additional attenuators at the detector arm to improve
the detection efficiency. OCT balanced systems with four optical
couplers and attenuator gives graphs of noise [V 2] as a function
of typical values of IDC (detector photo current or mean photo
current) for different attenuation values, and SNR as a function
of mean photo current (IDC) for different attenuation values and
other OCT system parameters. OCT SNR graphs for different
K1, K2, K3 and K4 splitt
The Health and Well-Being of Community Members Living Closer to a Coal Mine in Limpopo Province, South Africa: Perceptions of Residence
Authors: Tshitangano Takalani Grace , Nelwamondo Thabelo
Published: September 2024

Coal mining activities frequently result in negative effects that spread to neighboring populations, affecting their general health and well-being. The lack of published research on these effects in the Limpopo province motivated the quest to have local communities assess how mining has affected their health. This study explored the perceived health and well-being outcomes of community members residing around a coal mine in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study was conducted in three sub-villages closest to Tshikondeni Coal Mine, namely, Mukomawabane, Bileni, and Mutele B. A qualitative methodology, adopting an exploratory design, was employed. Eighty-one participants, aged 18 to 80, were purposively sampled from the selected sub-villages. Data was collected through one-on-one unstructured interviews captured as field notes, complemented by audio recordings. Throughout the study, ethical research principles of approval and permission, informed consent, privacy anonymity and confidentiality as well as avoidance of harm and benefits were strictly adhered to. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that many members of the communities residing around the Tshikondeni coal mine are suffering from self-proclaimed respiratory-related conditions (fourteen Asthma, ten TB, three sinuses, three coughs, and one chest pain) perceived to be caused by coal dust. Participants expressed concerns about widespread deforestation from coal mine operations with resultant soil erosion and land degradation as well as the dam that the mine left unfenced, where their livestock is hunted and drowned by crocodiles. In addition, the study reveals twenty-four participants’ concerns about the non-compensation of their cracked houses resulting from mine blasting operations. This study highlights that communities closer to coal mines experience physical, mental, and social well-being challenges, emphasizing the urgent need for extensive research to validate the various self-proclaimed respiratory problems. The concerns of communities are justified as deforestation, soil erosion, and land degradation threaten food security due to the loss of soil fertility and reduced livestock grazing area subsequently impacting the community’s livelihoods. The non-compensation of cracked houses causes frustration, anxiety, sadness, and worry among community members, negatively impacting their mental health. The South African Department of Health, Environmental Affairs, and Mineral and Energy should work together, to ensure the implementation of policies to protect communities closer to mines against harmful mining operations, non-compliance, and negligence.
Circulating Blood-Brain Barrier Proteins for Differentiating Ischaemic Stroke Patients from Stroke Mimics
Authors: Kakkar Pragati , Almusined Meaad , Kakkar Tarun , Munyombwe Theresa , Makawa Linetty , Kain Kirti , Hassan Ahamad , Saha Sikha
Published: September 2024

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The diagnosis of stroke remains largely clinical, yet widely used stroke scoring systems and brain imaging do not satisfactorily allow distinction of ischaemic stroke (IS) patients from stroke mimics (SM). Blood biomarkers are promising tools that could facilitate clinical triage. Methods: This study recruited 66 patients with IS and 24 SM. The levels of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) proteins [Occludin (OCLN), Zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), Claudin-5] in blood serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Biomarker levels in IS patients and SM was compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of biomarkers in combination with the National Institutes of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Results: Significant differences in circulating GFAP, NfL, OCLN, ZO-1, and Claudin-5 but not NSE in IS patients compared to SM. The combination of circulating ZO-1, Claudin-5, and OCLN with NIHSS score gives the highest diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Conclusion: A prediction model with Circulating BBB proteins in combination with NIHSS score differentiates between IS patients and SM.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Pharmacological Treatments for Pityriasis Rosea: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ciccarese Giulia , Facciorusso Antonio , Herzum Astrid , Fidanzi Cristian , Recalcati Sebastiano , Foti Caterina , Drago Francesco
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limiting exanthematous disease associated with the endogenous reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7. Classically, the lesions gradually resolve leaving no sequelae. Therefore, the best treatment is reassuring the patient and suggesting a resting period. However, atypical PR cases characterized by extensive, persistent lesions and systemic symptoms may impact the patient’s quality of life, and, therefore, a treatment can be prescribed. There is limited evidence on the comparative effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for PR, therefore we performed a network meta-analysis to compare these interventions. Methods: Overall, 12 randomized control trials (RCTs) were identified. The outcomes were itch resolution and rash improvement. Results were expressed as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We also calculated the relative ranking of the interventions for achieving the aforementioned outcomes as their surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA). Results: On network meta-analysis, only oral steroids and the combination of oral steroids+antihistamine resulted significantly superior to the placebo in terms of itch resolution (RR 0.44, CI 0.27-0.72 and RR 0.47, CI 0.22-0.99). Oral steroids resulted as the best treatment (SUCRA 0.90) for itch resolution. In terms of rash improvement, only acyclovir and erythromycin resulted significantly superior to placebo (RR 2.55, CI 1.81-3.58 and RR 1.69, CI 1.23-2.33), and acyclovir outperformed all the other tested interventions. Consequently, acyclovir ranked as the best intervention (SUCRA score 0.92). Conclusions: Acyclovir represents the best option in PR patients with extensive, persistent lesions or systemic symptoms. Steroids and antihistamines seemed the best treatment for itch resolution.
Expression of Syntaxin 18 in Peregrinus maidis and Design of Its dsRNA Fragments towards a Targeted RNAi Biopesticide for Insect Vector Control
Authors: T. Cantaros Hannah Corinne , Niebres Charlene , Banasihan Ruth Alessandra , L. Arenas Argel , Alviar Karen B.
Published: September 2024

Maize mosaic virus (MMV) is a plant virus that is transmitted by the corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis Ashmead (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in a persistent and propagative manner. MMV is the causal agent for mosaic disease that can cause significant loss in corn yield. Management is focused on controlling insect vector population. The molecular mechanisms of virus transmission by the insect vector are not fully understood. Previously, we identified a receptor for MMV, the P. maidis syntaxin 18 (PmStx18). PmStx18 interacts with the viral glycoprotein and potentially facilitates MMV recognition and entry into the vector, enabling virus proliferation. Stx18 is a key component of the vesicular trafficking machinery and also plays a critical role in neurotransmitter release in insects. In this work, we investigated the expression of PmStx18 in different developmental stages and major parts of the insect vector. Primers were designed to generate templates for synthesis of double-stranded RNA fragments. A 374-bp amplicon was selected and gene-specific sequences were flanked by T7 promoter sequences for in vitro transcription. Results showed a significant difference in the expression of Stx18 in the different developmental stages of P. maidis but not between male and female adults and major body parts. In vitro transcription products indicated optimal reaction conditions and protocol suitability. The findings establish the initial steps for developing RNAi-based approach in controlling MMV transmission by targeting Syntaxin-18 in P. maidis. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this approach.
Influence of the Weaving Method (Plain, Twill, Satin) on the Hydrodynamic Behavior of Filtration Membranes Based on Banana Pseudostem Fibres (Musa balbisiana)
Authors: Nestor NSOE MENGUE Jean Jacques , Essegni Amba victoria , Daniel Egbe daniel , Marie Boudina aimé , Patrice Kofa guillaume , Sylvere Ndi koungou , Guiffo Kayem joseph
Published: September 2024

The way in which a filtration membrane is woven influences its lifespan and purification performance. This study explores the impact of the weaving method on the hydrodynamic sta-bility of a membrane made from banana pseudotrunk fibres. After extraction, the yarns were characterised. Three membranes were obtained using different weaving methods (plain, twill and satin), and the hydrodynamic study was used to determine the surface density, porosity, per-meability and membrane resistance. Filtration tests were carried out on a suspension of 30 NTU, and the yarn obtained had a twist number of 10, a diameter of 0.75 mm and a tex of 168. The surface density and the percentage of surface voids for the three membranes, plain, twill and satin, were 8.82 g/m2 and 50%, 12.54 g/m2 and 30% and finally 15.77 g/m2 and 12.54%. The uni membrane showed the best permeability, i.e. 5.60.10-10m2, but lower particle retention with a residual turbidity of 12 NTU, compared with the twill and satin membranes, which have per-meability values of 5.31.10-10m2 and 4.80.10-10m2 and 9 and 7 NTU.The twill membrane appears to be the most suitable for filtration.
Traffic Intensity as a Factor Influencing Microplastic and Tire Wear Particle Pollution in Snow Accumulated on Urban Roads
Authors: Mierzyńska Karolina , Pol Wojciech , Martyniuk Monika , Zieliński Piotr
Published: September 2024

Communication pathways are an underestimated source of synthetic particles in the environment. This study investigated the impact of traffic volume on microplastics (MPs) and tire wear particles (TWPs) pollution in road snow. An examination was conducted in a medium-sized city situated in northeastern Poland, known for being one of the cleanest regions in the country. MPs and TWPs were found at all 53 sites, regardless of the intensity of traffic. The average concentration for all samples was 354.72 pcs/L. Statistically significant differences were found between the average values of particles concentration on low, medium, and heavy traffic roads amounted 62.32 pcs/L, 335.97 pcs/L and 792.76 pcs/L respectively. Within all three studied groups of roads, MPs and TWPs with the smallest size, ranging from 50 to 200 μm, were prevalent. In all studied groups of roads, 4 analyzed shapes of particles were found, with irregular fragments being the most abundant form (89.23%). The most frequently recorded color among the collected samples was black (99.85%), and the least frequently recorded was blue, constituting only 0.01%. This study suggests that snow cover on the roads may act like temporary storage of pollutants during winter in the temperate climate zone and after thaw can significantly increase the concentration of MPs and TWPs in surface waters. Possible measures to decrease the release of MPs and TWPs into the environment in the city may include reducing traffic volume and speed, implementing street sweeping, utilizing filtration chambers, and installing stormwater bioretention systems or settling ponds.
Research on Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Coconut Coat of Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Wastes
Authors: Zhi Shitao , Gao Mingyuan , Li Jin , Pan Tao
Published: September 2024

The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, heating rate, nitrogen flow rate and catalyst quality on the oil yield and oxygen content in the oil were investigated by using the single factor principle. Too high and too low reaction temperature, nitrogen flow rate, heating rate and reaction time have improved the yield of bio-oil, but the oxygen content in bio-oil is higher. The reduction of catalytic dose is beneficial to the increase of oil yield but not conducive to the increase of aromatic compound content. The optimal reaction conditions were observed as reaction temperature of 500℃, nitrogen flow rate of 110 mL/min, heating rate of 20℃/min, reaction time of 15min, mass ratio of catalyst to coconut coat powder was 1, and the oil yield was 4.97%, aquatic yield was 35.80%, and solid yield was 30.78%. The gas yield was 28.45%, the oxygen content was 10.3%, and the aromatic compound content was 89.7%.The analysis of catalytic cracking mechanism shows that most of the oxygen-containing compounds in the bio-oil are generated into water and aromatic compounds by catalytic cracking reaction at high temperature, thus removing oxygen.
Further Evidence of the Role of myomiRs miR-133a, -133b and -206 Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Disease Development
Authors: Crocco Paolina , Montesanto Alberto , La Grotta Rossella , Paparazzo Ersilia , Soraci Luca , Dato Serena , Passarino Giuseppe , Rose Giuseppina
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern. The number of people with CVD is expected to rise due to aging populations and increasing risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. Identifying new molecular markers is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Among these, plasma levels of some miRNAs specifically expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle known as myomiRs, has gained attention for their roles in cardiovascular health. This study analyzed the plasma levels of myomiR-133a, -133b, and -206 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Exploiting of a case-control study design with patients recruited from several nursing homes form Calabria (Southern Italy) characterized by different types of CVD compared to non-CVD controls, we found downregulation of miR-133a in heart failure and miR-133b in stroke, along with the overall decreased expression of miR-133b and miR-206 in CVD patients. In silico functional characterization of their targets and signaling pathways revealed their involvement in critical cardiovascular processes. Although further research is necessary to fully elucidate their mechanisms and clinical utility, the results here reported support the idea that myomiRs could serve not only as biomarkers but also as therapeutic targets, offering new avenues for managing and potentially preventing CVD progression.
CA-BERT: Leveraging Context Awareness for Enhanced Multi-Turn Chat Interaction
Authors: Wang Cangqing , Liu Minghao , Sui Mingxiu , Nian Yi , Zhou Zhejie
Published: September 2024

Effective communication in automated chat systems hinges on the ability to understand and respond to context. Traditional models often struggle with determining when additional context is necessary for generating appropriate responses. This paper introduces Context-Aware BERT (CA-BERT), a transformer-based model specifically fine-tuned to address this challenge. CA-BERT innovatively applies deep learning techniques to discern context necessity in multi-turn chat interactions, enhancing both the relevance and accuracy of responses. We describe the development of CA-BERT, which adapts the robust architecture of BERT with a novel training regimen focused on a specialized dataset of chat dialogues. The model is evaluated on its ability to classify context necessity, demonstrating superior performance over baseline BERT models in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, CA-BERT's implementation showcases significant reductions in training time and resource usage, making it feasible for real-time applications. The results indicate that CA-BERT can effectively enhance the functionality of chatbots by providing a nuanced understanding of context, thereby improving user experience and interaction quality in automated systems. This study not only advances the field of NLP in chat applications but also provides a framework for future research into context-sensitive AI developments.
Sensitivity of Dynamic Stall Models to Dynamic Excitation on Large-Flexible Wind Turbine Blades in Edgewise Vibrations
Authors: Bangga Galih
Published: September 2024

The present studies are specifically aimed at investigating the sensitivity of different dynamic stall models when exposed to various excitation frequencies targeted at the blade edgewise vibrations. The work is done on a modified version of the IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine employing a wind turbine design tool Bladed. The state-of-the-art dynamic stall models for wind turbine applications such as the ye model, Beddoes-Leishman (BL) model and the newly developed IAG model are evaluated. The beginning of the research work starts by evaluating different dynamic stall model effects on rigid blade section forces against known airfoil datasets. Then, the blade flexibility is considered to enable systematic evaluations of the blade flexibility influences in comparison to the rigid blade cases. It is observed that the range of the angle of attack grows depending on the excitation frequency and the adopted dynamic stall model. The critical excitation frequency range and the effects of twist distribution are then identified from the studies, which can be useful as a rough guidance when designing wind turbine blades.
Are Some Voltage State Orbits, Computed in a Discrete-Time Hopfield Neural Network, Which Correspond to Bifurcation Values, Fractals? Exists These Orbits in Reality or They Exists Just in Theory i.e.Has These Orbits a Real Couterpart?
Authors: Cojocaru Andreea V. , Balint Stefan
Published: September 2024

In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of two neurons with two delays and no self- connections at 23 bifurcation values 23 voltage trajectories appear.Among the 23 voltage trajectories 14 voltage trajectory are not what we call orbits in classic sense. The geometrical aspect of these trajectories suggest that they are fractals. Our conjecture is that the 14 trajectories in discussion are fractals having real couterpart. In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of five neuron with delay and ring architecture at 9 bifurcation values 9 voltage trajectories appear.Among the 9 voltage trajectories we find 5 voltage trajectory which are not what we call orbits in classic sense.The geometrical aspect of these trajectories suggest that they are fractals.Our conjecture is that the 5 trajectories in discussion are fractals having real couterpart.. In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of two neurons with a single delay and self- connections the computed trajectories are what we call orbits in classic sense. In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of two neurons with two delays and self- connections the computed trajectories are what we call orbits in classic sense.
Competence measurement of software projects in the degree course in Computer Engineering in Matanzas
Authors: González Hernández Walfredo
Published: September 2024

Measurement in software projects is one of the activities that define engineering. In this article, it is defined as the competence of the computer engineer and its dimensions and indicators are determined. Subsequently, a pre-experiment is carried out where different empirical methods are applied in three moments to monitor the development of the competence.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model with Data Augmentation to Improve Tumour Classification Using MRI Images
Authors: Younis Eman M.G. , Mahmoud Mahmoud N. , Albarrak Abdullah M. , V Ibrahim A.
Published: September 2024

Cancer ranks second among the causes of mortality worldwide,following cardiovascular diseases.Brain cancer, in particular, has lowest survival rate of any kind of cancer. Brain tumours vary in their morphology, texture, and location, which determine their classification. Accurate diagnosis of the tumour category enables physicians to select optimal treatment strategies and potentially prolong patients’ lives. Researchers who also implemented deep learning models for diagnosing diseases in recent years largely focused on deep neural network optimization to enhance neural network performance. This implicates implementing models with the best performance and incorporating various network architectures by configuring their hyperparameters. This paper presents a novel hybrid approach method for improved brain tumour classification by combining CNN and EfficientNetV2B3 as feature extraction, followed by (KNN) for classification. To evaluate the recommended method’s efficacy, two widely known benchmark MRI datasets were utilized in the experiments. The initial dataset consisted of 3064 MRI images depicting meningiomas,pituitary,and gliomas tumours.Images from two classes of normal brain and brain tumour were included in the second dataset, which was obtained from Kaggle.In order to enhance performance even more, the study concatenates the CNN and EfficientNetV2B3 flattened outputs before feeding them into the KNN classifier. The proposed framework run on two different dataset and demonstrates outstanding performance with an accuracy of 99.51% and 99.8% on each dataset.