bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employment and Earnings Effects of Awarding Training Vouchers in Germany
Authors: Doerr Annabelle , Fitzenberger Bernd , Kruppe Thomas , Paul Marie , Strittmatter Anthony
Published: July 2016

Participation in intensive training programs for the unemployed in Germany is allocated by awarding training vouchers. Using rich administrative data for all vouchers and actual program participation, the authors provide first estimates of the short-run and long-run employment and earnings effects of receiving a training voucher award based on a selection-on-observables assumption. The results imply that, after the award, voucher recipients experience long periods of lower labor market success compared to had they not received training vouchers. Small positive employment effects and no gains in earnings were observed four to seven years after the receipt of the voucher award. In addition, the findings suggest stronger positive effects both for all low-skilled individuals who were awarded and redeemed a voucher and for low-skilled and medium-skilled individuals who chose to take degree courses than for higher-skilled recipients.
Soviet Youth on the March: The All-Union Tours of Military Glory, 1965–87
Authors: Hornsby Robert
Published: July 2016

Between the mid-1960s and the mid-1980s tens of millions of young people took part in the Communist Youth League’s ‘All-Union Tours around Sites of Military Glory’, visiting former battle sites, walking old partisan trails, uncovering soldiers’ remains, and meeting with war veterans. This was a prominent facet of the ‘cult’ that the Soviet regime built around the Second World War during the Brezhnev era, and it was also a crucial feature of work aimed at ensuring young people grew up to be good communists and loyal Soviet citizens. Based upon archival research conducted in several former Soviet republics and Russian regions, this article demonstrates that these tours and the wider war cult which they formed a part of were about much more than simply creating a new legitimizing myth for a system running out of ideological energy. They helped fulfil vital state tasks, like preparing youth for military conscription and caring for veterans, they served as a means of shaping young people’s outlook on their country and the world, and they helped knit together the social fabric of the country.
‘Look into the Book of Life’: Muslim musicians, Sufism and postmodern spirituality in Britain
Authors: Morris Carl
Published: July 2016

Spirituality has been theorised as a characteristic of late-modern society, a consequence of individualisation and of a relativized marketplace of religion. Drawing on findings from ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Muslim musicians in the UK, the author claims that spirituality can indeed be considered a postmodern discourse of belief – with trans-religious applicability – but that at the same time it can be articulated from within a clear understanding of group/religious membership. The concepts of ‘spiritual capital’ and ‘expressive communalism’ are used to explain the ways through which a postmodern discourse of spirituality is utilised by Muslim musicians from within contemporary networks of Sufism in the West. The author suggests the cosmopolitan and inclusive nature of these types of Sufism in Britain – particularly among third and fourth generation Muslims – represents a frontier of religious change in the UK and a challenge to traditional forms of religious authority, discourse and membership.
Does daily distress make parents prone to using psychologically controlling parenting?
Authors: Aunola Kaisa , Viljaranta Jaana , Tolvanen Asko
Published: July 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether parental daily distress in terms of negative emotions is associated with the daily variation in parental use of psychological control with their children. Whether parental positive emotions play a role in the use of psychological control was also investigated. The participants were 149 Finnish families with a child between the ages of 6 and 7 years. Parents’ negative and positive emotions, children’s misconduct, and parental use of psychological control when interacting with their children were measured daily using diary questionnaires filled in by the mothers and fathers over 7 successive days in the fall term of the children’s first grade and, for replication purposes, again in the spring term. The results of multilevel modelling showed that, after controlling for the level of children’s misconduct on a particular day, mothers’ and fathers’ negative daily emotions were related to a high level of psychological control in parenting. This relation was evident particularly when combined with parental perception of a high level of child misconduct. Positive emotions, in turn, were not found to be related to the daily variation in the use of psychological control. The results showed further that, at the level of individuals, mothers’ and fathers’ high overall level of negative emotions across the week was related to a high overall level of psychologically controlling parenting.
Standardizing Physiologic Assessment Data to Enable Big Data Analytics
Authors: Matney Susan A. , Settergren Theresa (Tess) , Carrington Jane M. , Richesson Rachel L. , Sheide Amy , Westra Bonnie L.
Published: July 2016

Disparate data must be represented in a common format to enable comparison across multiple institutions and facilitate Big Data science. Nursing assessments represent a rich source of information. However, a lack of agreement regarding essential concepts and standardized terminology prevent their use for Big Data science in the current state. The purpose of this study was to align a minimum set of physiological nursing assessment data elements with national standardized coding systems. Six institutions shared their 100 most common electronic health record nursing assessment data elements. From these, a set of distinct elements was mapped to nationally recognized Logical Observations Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®) and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT®) standards. We identified 137 observation names (55% new to LOINC), and 348 observation values (20% new to SNOMED CT) organized into 16 panels (72% new LOINC). This reference set can support the exchange of nursing information, facilitate multi-site research, and provide a framework for nursing data analysis.
Operational response prediction for rigidly linked structures via direct inversion method
Authors: Ucar H , Basdogan I
Published: July 2016

Most of the mechanical systems are composed of different subsystems connected and coupled by several links. Any excitation acting on the system is divided into several internal forces which propagate through these links or so-called transfer paths. For these kinds of systems, it is important to predict the structure’s response due to this excitation which is transmitted via propagation paths. Predicting the operational response as much as accurate at the point of interest is of great importance in terms of design optimization and condition monitoring at where the response cannot be measured due to some physical constraints. In accordance with this purpose, the identification of operational internal forces is necessary. In cases where direct measurement of the operational forces is impossible or impractical, especially for complex structures, a common approach is to identify the operational forces based on measured frequency response functions and a set of measured operational responses. The classical approach is the Moore–Penrose pseudo inversion, which needs significant number of frequency response function measurements and huge time consumption and effort since the coupled system is to be disassembled at all interfaces. Noting that, real complex structures have some physical limitations to be disassembled, more practical and faster approaches are required for real-life applications. The aim of this study is to present direct inversion method to identify the operational forces and hence, predict the operational response for rigidly linked vibrating structures and also demonstrate the effect of mass loadings of the transducers and noise during frequency response function measurements. The algorithms investigated herein are applied in numerical and experimental setups composed of rigidly linked structures.
Adapting Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for the palliative care setting: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Rosenfeld Barry , Saracino Rebecca , Tobias Kristen , Masterson Melissa , Pessin Hayley , Applebaum Allison , Brescia Robert , Breitbart William
Published: July 2016

Aims:

To establish preliminary evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of an abbreviated version of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy tailored to the needs of palliative care patients in the final weeks or months of life.

Background:

Surprisingly, few mental health interventions have specifically targeted the psychological needs of palliative care patients, when physical comfort seems to take precedence over mental health and emotional needs. Yet the need for mental health services targeting these patients is clear, as one in three palliative care patients experience clinically significant depression and an equal proportion experience clinically significant anxiety.

Design:

This pilot study used an open-label design to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived utility of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy–palliative care, a brief intervention that focuses on enhancing meaning at the end of life.

Setting/participants:

A total of 12 patients admitted to a palliative care hospital for supportive care consented to participate in the study.

Results:

Of the 11 patients that began treatment (one patient died before the first session), 8 completed the three-session intervention. Patients expressed positive feedback about the structure, focus, and length of the intervention, but varied in precisely which elements they found most helpful.

Conclusion:

An abbreviated version of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy tailored to the needs of palliative care patients (Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy–palliative care) appears to be feasible, acceptable, and has the potential to help patients better cope with the challenges inherent in confronting death and dying. Further research, with larger and more representative samples, is needed in order to clarify the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.
Metamizole/dipyrone for the relief of cancer pain: A systematic review and evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice
Authors: Gaertner Jan , Stamer Ulrike M , Remi Constanze , Voltz Raymond , Bausewein Claudia , Sabatowski Rainer , Wirz Stefan , Müller-Mundt Gabriele , Simon Steffen T , Pralong Anne , Nauck Friedemann , Follmann Markus , Radbruch Lukas , Meißner Winfried
Published: July 2016

Background:

Dipyrone (metamizole) is one of the most widely used non-opioid analgesics for the treatment of cancer pain.

Aim:

Because evidence-based recommendations are not yet available, a systematic review was conducted for the German Guideline Program in Oncology to provide recommendations for the use of dipyrone in cancer pain.

Design:

First, a systematic review for clinical trials assessing dipyrone in adult patients with cancer pain was conducted. Endpoints were pain intensity, opioid-sparing effects, safety, and quality of life.

Data sources:

The search was performed in MedLine, Embase (via Ovid), and the Cochrane Library (1948–2013) and additional hand search was conducted. Finally, recommendations were developed and agreed in a formal structured consensus process by 53 representatives of scientific medical societies and 49 experts.

Results:

Of 177 retrieved studies, 4 could be included (3 randomized controlled trials and 1 cohort study, n = 252 patients): dipyrone significantly decreased pain intensity compared to placebo, even if low doses (1.5–2 g/day) were used. Higher doses (3 × 2 g/day) were more effective than low doses (3 × 1 g/day), but equally effective as 60 mg oral morphine/day. Pain reduction of dipyrone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not differ significantly. Compared to placebo, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and morphine, the incidence of adverse effects was not increased.

Conclusion:

Dipyrone can be recommended for the treatment of cancer pain as an alternative to other non-opioids either alone or in combination with opioids. It can be preferred over non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to the presumably favorable side effect profile in long-term use, but comparative studies are not available for long-term use.
Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects With Microfracture and Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis Leads to Extensive Subchondral Bone Cyst Formation in a Sheep Model
Authors: Beck Aswin , Murphy David J. , Carey-Smith Richard , Wood David J. , Zheng Ming H.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Microfracture and the autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) technique are popular for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. However, breaching of the subchondral bone plate could compromise the subchondral bone structure.

Hypothesis:

Microfracture and AMIC will cause deleterious effects on the subchondral bone structure.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 36 sheep received an 8-mm-diameter cartilage defect in the left medial femoral condyle. Control animals (n = 12) received no further treatment, and the rest received 5 microfracture holes either with a type I/III collagen scaffold implanted (n = 12; AMIC group) or without the collagen scaffold (n = 12; microfracture group). Macroscopic infill of defects, histology, and histomorphometry of the subchondral bone were performed at 13 and 26 weeks postoperatively, and micro–computed tomography (CT) was also performed at 26 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Microfracture and AMIC resulted in subchondral bone cyst formation in 5 of 12 (42%) and 11 of 12 (92%) specimens at 13 and 26 weeks, respectively. Subchondral bone changes induced by microfracture and AMIC were characterized by an increased percentage of bone volume, increased trabecular thickness, and a decreased trabecular separation, and extended beyond the area below the defect. High numbers of osteoclasts were observed at the cyst periphery, and all cysts communicated with the microfracture holes. Cartilage repair tissue was of poor quality and quantity at both time points and rarely reached the tidemark at 13 weeks.

Conclusion:

Microfracture technique caused bone cyst formation and induced severe pathology of the subchondral bone in a sheep model.

Clinical Relevance:

The potential of microfracture technique to induce subchondral bone pathology should be considered.
Enhancing Linkages Between Healthy Diets, Local Agriculture, and Sustainable Food Systems
Authors: Fernandes Meenakshi , Galloway Rae , Gelli Aulo , Mumuni Daniel , Hamdani Salha , Kiamba Josephine , Quarshie Kate , Bhatia Rita , Aurino Elisabetta , Peel Francis , Drake Lesley
Published: July 2016

Background:

Interventions that enhance linkages between healthy diets and local agriculture can promote sustainable food systems. Home-grown school feeding programs present a promising entry point for such interventions, through the delivery of nutritious menus and meals.

Objective:

To describe the adaptation of the School Meals Planner Package to the programmatic and environmental reality in Ghana during the 2014 to 2015 school year.

Methods:

Guided by a conceptual framework highlighting key considerations and trade-offs in menu design, an open-source software was developed that could be easily understood by program implementers. Readily available containers from markets were calibrated into “handy measures” to support the provision of adequate quantities of food indicated by menus. Schools and communities were sensitized to the benefits of locally sourced, nutrient-rich diets. A behavior change communication campaign including posters and songs promoting healthy diets was designed and disseminated in schools and communities.

Results:

The School Meals Planner Package was introduced in 42 districts in Ghana, reaching more than 320 000 children. Monitoring reports and feedback on its use were positive, demonstrating how the tool can be used by planners and implementers alike to deliver nutritious, locally-sourced meals to schoolchildren. The value of the tool has been recognized at the highest levels by Ghana’s government who have adopted it as official policy.

Conclusions:

The School Meals Planner Package supported the design of nutritious, locally sourced menus for the school feeding program in Ghana. The tool can be similarly adapted for other countries to meet context-specific needs.
Applying Common Latino Magazine Cover Line Themes to Health Communications
Authors: Delaney Colleen L. , Barrios Pamela , Lozada Carolina , Soto-Balbuena Kenlly , Martin-Biggers Jennifer , Byrd-Bredbenner Carol
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to describe strategies used in magazine cover lines to capture the attention of Latino consumers. A content analysis of cover lines ( n = 581) from six top-selling Latino women’s and parenting magazines ( n = 217 issues) sold in the United States identified 12 common themes: great/inspiring, beauty/health, bad/negative, love/passion, family/protective, strength/power, daring, informative/how-to, newness/uniqueness, improve/organize, happiness/fun, and easy/simple, with the first seven being unique to Latino-targeted magazines. Theses unique themes may be related to certain Latino cultural constructs, such as familismo, machismo, and respeto. Cover lines for nutrition education information mini-magazines were written using the strategies identified in the content analysis, then cognitive tested with 112 Spanish-speaking Latino parents. Parents felt the cover lines matched the guide content, were attention grabbing and catchy, and would motivate parents to read the mini-magazine. Findings can assist health communicators in creating brief Latino-targeted messages that are culturally responsive and capture reader interest.
Circadian Transcription from Beta Cell Function to Diabetes Pathophysiology
Authors: Perelis Mark , Ramsey Kathryn Moynihan , Marcheva Biliana , Bass Joseph
Published: July 2016

The mammalian circadian clock plays a central role in the temporal coordination of physiology across the 24-h light-dark cycle. A major function of the clock is to maintain energy constancy in anticipation of alternating periods of fasting and feeding that correspond with sleep and wakefulness. While it has long been recognized that humans exhibit robust variation in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity across the sleep-wake cycle, experimental genetic analysis has now revealed that the clock transcription cycle plays an essential role in insulin secretion and metabolic function within pancreatic beta cells. This review addresses how studies of the beta cell clock may elucidate the etiology of subtypes of diabetes associated with circadian and sleep cycle disruption, in addition to more general forms of the disease.
Neurocritical Care of Emergent Large-Vessel Occlusion: The Era of a New Standard of Care
Authors: Al-Mufti Fawaz , Dancour Elie , Amuluru Krishna , Prestigiacomo Charles , Mayer Stephan A. , Connolly E. Sander , Claassen Jan , Willey Joshua Z. , Meyers Philip M.
Published: July 2016

Acute ischemic stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advances in mechanical thrombectomy techniques combined with prereperfusion computed tomographic angiography for patient selection have revolutionized stroke care in the past year. Peri- and postinterventional neurocritical care of the patient who has had an emergent large-vessel occlusion is likely an equally important contributor to the outcome but has been relatively neglected. Critical periprocedural management issues include streamlining care to speed intervention, blood pressure optimization, reversal of anticoagulation, management of agitation, and selection of anesthetic technique (ie, general vs monitored anesthesia care). Postprocedural critical care issues that might modulate neurological outcome include blood pressure and glucose optimization, avoidance of fever or hyperoxia, fluid and nutritional management, and early integration of rehabilitation into the intensive care unit setting. In this review, we sought to lay down an evidence-based strategy for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing emergent endovascular reperfusion.
Thiocyanate Accumulation in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Nitroprusside Infusions
Authors: Morris Amanda A. , Page Robert L. , Baumgartner Laura J. , Mueller Scott W. , MacLaren Robert , Fish Douglas N. , Kiser Tyree H.
Published: July 2016

Purpose:

This study evaluated thiocyanate concentrations and factors associated with thiocyanate accumulation in intensive care unit patients receiving nitroprusside with and without sodium thiosulfate coadministration.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study evaluated critically ill adults who received nitroprusside infusions and had at least one thiocyanate concentration. Patients with thiocyanate accumulation (concentrations ≥30 µg/mL) were compared to patients without accumulation. Factors associated with accumulation were determined by Spearman correlation and multivariate regression.

Results:

Thiocyanate concentrations (n = 192) were obtained from 87 patients. Fourteen of the 87 (16%) patients experienced thiocyanate accumulation with a mean (SD) thiocyanate concentration of 44 ± 11 µg/mL. Patients with accumulation had received greater cumulative nitroprusside doses (28 vs 8.2 mg/kg, P < .01), greater cumulative sodium thiosulfate doses (16.8 vs 10.1 mg/kg, P < .01), and longer infusion durations (10.9 vs 6.0 days, P < .01), compared to patients without accumulation. Sodium thiosulfate coadministration resulted in greater thiocyanate concentrations (22.8 ± 16.7 vs 16.8 ± 14.9 μg/mL, P = .01), despite utilization of lower cumulative nitroprusside doses (10.2 vs 14.6 mg/kg, P = .03). Cumulative nitroprusside dose ( r2 .44, P < .001) and cumulative sodium thiosulfate dose ( r2 .32, P < .001) demonstrated a significant correlation with measured thiocyanate concentrations. Thiocyanate accumulation was independently associated with cumulative nitroprusside dose in mg/kg (regression coefficient 0.75, 95% CI 0.63-0.89; P < .01). No clinically significant adverse effects of cyanide or thiocyanate toxicity were observed.

Conclusions:

Cumulative nitroprusside dose was independently associated with thiocyanate accumulation. Despite elevated thiocyanate levels in 16% of patients, there was no clinical evidence of cyanide or thiocyanate toxicity. Routine monitoring of thiocyanate concentrations appears most warranted in patients receiving higher cumulative doses of nitroprusside.
Facing “Double Jeopardy”? Depressive Symptoms in Left-Behind Elderly in Rural China
Authors: Song Qian
Published: July 2016

Objective: When examining the depressive symptoms of left-behind elderly, this article goes beyond a focus on disruption to traditional patterns of living arrangements and investigates the heterogeneities in the patterns of migration distance, as well as the role of community contexts in buffering the loss of migrant children’s support. Method: This study uses the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, and employs random effects multi-level modeling. Results: Having migrant children is associated with increased depressive symptoms among older adults, above and beyond living arrangements. Having their migrant children all live outside the province further puts older adults in disadvantaged mental conditions. This disadvantage can be further compounded by residence in impoverished communities. Discussion: In assessing depression among rural older adults in China, examination of living arrangements may be insufficient. It may be necessary to reference to children’s migration status as well as community poverty levels.
Activity Restriction and Depressive Symptoms in Older Couples
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Martire Lynn M. , Zarit Steve H. , Rovine Michael J.
Published: July 2016

Objective: The present study aimed to clarify the circumstances under which activity restriction (AR) is associated with depressive symptoms among patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and their spouses. Method: A total of 220 older adults with OA and their caregiving spouses participated in the study. The actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to examine the associations between AR stemming from patients’ OA and the depressive symptoms of patients and spouses. The potential moderating role of marital satisfaction also was examined. Results: After accounting for pain severity, health, and life stress of both patients with OA and spouses, higher AR was associated with more depressive symptoms for both patients and spouses. In regard to partner effects, patients whose spouse had higher AR reported more depressive symptoms. In addition, the association of spouses’ and patients’ AR and their own depressive symptoms was moderated by their marital satisfaction. For both patients and spouses, the associations between their own AR and depressive symptoms were weaker for those with higher levels of marital satisfaction compared with those with lower levels of marital satisfaction. Discussion: This pattern of findings highlights the dyadic implications of AR and the vital role of marital satisfaction in the context of chronic illness.
Visual Experience Shapes Orthographic Representations in the Visual Word Form Area
Authors: Wimmer Heinz , Ludersdorfer Philipp , Richlan Fabio , Kronbichler Martin
Published: July 2016

Current neurocognitive research suggests that the efficiency of visual word recognition rests on abstract memory representations of written letters and words stored in the visual word form area (VWFA) in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex. These representations are assumed to be invariant to visual characteristics such as font and case. In the present functional MRI study, we tested this assumption by presenting written words and varying the case format of the initial letter of German nouns (which are always capitalized) as well as German adjectives and adverbs (both usually in lowercase). As evident from a Word Type × Case Format interaction, activation in the VWFA was greater to words presented in unfamiliar case formats relative to familiar case formats. Our results suggest that neural representations of written words in the VWFA are not fully abstract and still contain information about the visual format in which words are most frequently perceived.
An Assessment of Social Networking Intervention With Older Chinese Adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Esther O. W. , Yau Kelvin K. W.
Published: July 2016

Purpose:

This article assessed the effectiveness of social networking strategies (networking strategic initiative [NSI]) to overcome stressful life events experienced in normal aging in Hong Kong.

Method:

A three-wave quasi-experimental panel design with an overall sample consisting of n = 288 Chinese elderly placed into two groups: NSI group: n1 = 175 and comparison group: n2 = 113. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted for over 30 months. Five outcome measures including subjective well-being, self-esteem, locus of control, sense of belonging, and collective power were investigated, using a generalized linear mixed model for repeated measurements.

Results:

Findings revealed those who were continuously active throughout the intervention period experienced considerable increases in self-esteem and sense of belonging.

Conclusion:

No appreciable effects on any of the five outcome measures were found for those who were enrolled in the program and were inactive. The findings provide significant implications for future practice with community-dwelling elderly Chinese populations in Hong Kong and elsewhere.
Economic Analysis Comparing Dalteparin to Vitamin K Antagonists to Prevent Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer Having Renal Impairment
Authors: Dranitsaris George , Shane Lesley , Burgers Laura , Woodruff Seth
Published: July 2016

Background:

In a randomized trial (ie, Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer [CLOT]) that evaluated secondary prophylaxis of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer, dalteparin reduced the relative risk by 52% compared to oral vitamin K antagonists (VKAs; hazard ratio = 0.48, P = .002). A recent subgroup analysis in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment also revealed lower absolute VTE rates with dalteparin (3% vs 17%; P = .011). To measure the economic value of dalteparin in these populations, a pharmacoeconomic analysis was conducted from the Dutch health-care system perspective.

Methods:

Resource utilization data contained within the CLOT trial database were extracted and converted into direct cost estimates. Univariate analysis was then conducted to compare the total cost of therapy between patients randomized to dalteparin or VKA therapy. Health state utilities were then measured in 24 members of the general public using the time trade-off technique.

Results:

When all of the cost components were combined for the entire population (n = 676), the dalteparin group had significantly higher overall costs than the VKA control group (dalteparin = €2375 vs VKA = €1724; P < .001). However, dalteparin was associated with a gain of 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.18) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over VKA. When the incremental cost was combined with the utility gain, dalteparin had a cost of €4,697 (95% CI: €3824-€4951) per QALY gained.

Conclusion:

Secondary prophylaxis with dalteparin is a cost-effective alternative to VKA for the prevention of recurrent VTE in patients with cancer.
Dysplastic (or Atypical) Nevi Showing Moderate or Severe Atypia With Clear Margins on the Shave Removal Specimens Are Most Likely Completely Excised
Authors: Maghari Amin
Published: July 2016

Background:

Dysplastic nevi (DN) are graded by their degree of atypia into 3 categories of mild, moderate, and severe. In many practices, DN with moderate or severe atypia are generally excised regardless of the status of the shave specimen margins.

Objective:

With a new approach toward the margins on the shave removal specimens (SRS), the goal herein is to assess whether the shave removal procedure can sufficiently remove DN with moderate or severe atypia.

Methods:

A total of 426 SRS diagnosed with DN showing moderate or severe atypia between January and December 2015 along with their post–shave excision specimens were reviewed. Based on the author’s experience, clear or negative margins on the SRS were defined as neoplastic melanocytes confined within >0.2 mm of the lateral and deep specimen margins. The biopsy specimens were accompanied by Melan-A highlighting the subtle neoplastic cells.

Results:

With a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.4% (confidence interval: 97.2% to 100%, P < .001), DN showing moderate or severe atypia with clear margins are most likely removed by the shave procedure.

Conclusion:

Routine excision of DN showing moderate or severe atypia with clear margins on SRS is not necessary. Regular surveillance is sufficient.
Distributed monitoring method for upheaval buckling in subsea pipelines with Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors
Authors: Feng Xin , Wu Wenjing , Meng Dewei , Ansari Farhad , Zhou Jing
Published: July 2016

A method for monitoring the upheaval buckling of subsea buried pipelines by distributed optical fiber sensors is introduced. The proposed method originates from the fact that the bucked pipe has the deterministic patterns of the bending-induced and axial force–induced strains, which can be used to identify the pre- and post-buckling states of the pipe. The challenge for utilizing these features is that the distributed fiber optic sensor can only measure the compound strain created by both bending and axial compression. A monitoring scheme by placing three sensors with [Formula: see text] space around the circumference of the pipeline was proposed in this article. An approach was presented to extract the bending-induced and axial force–induced strains from the longitudinal strains measured by the distributed fiber optic sensors. The experimental programs were then designed to investigate the feasibility of the proposed method. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is possible to detect the occurrence of buckling in the pipe. However, further research is necessary in order to examine the efficiency of the proposed approach under the complex loading patterns at subsea levels.
City as archive: a dialogue between theory and practice
Authors: Sheringham Michael , Wentworth Richard
Published: July 2016

Richard Wentworth and Michael Sheringham engage in a discussion that explores how we can get a better grip on urban experience by looking at the city as an archive. Richard’s artistic and practice-based approach here compliments Michael’s more analytic reflections drawing on philosophy and literature.
Nontraditional Careers for Doctoral-Level Practitioners
Authors: Kenzig Melissa J. , DeSorbo Alexandra , Jett Swannie , Nickerson Nathan
Published: July 2016

The doctoral degree has traditionally been considered the path to teaching and research careers. The degree also provides a strong set of skills that can be applied in leadership roles in public, private, and nonprofit sectors. Numerous career options exist for public health education professionals with doctoral degrees outside of the teaching and research fields. This commentary discusses nontraditional career paths for professionals with doctoral degrees in public health. Three public health professionals describe why they chose to pursue a doctoral degree and how they applied their respective degrees to their work outside of the traditional academic and research areas.
Application of Quantitative Autofluorescence Bronchoscopy Image Analysis Method in Identifying Bronchopulmonary Cancer
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxuan , Xiong Hongkai , Li Yong , Han Baohui , Sun Jiayuan
Published: July 2016

Autofluorescence bronchoscopy shows good sensitivity and poor specificity in detecting dysplasia and cancer of the bronchus. Through quantitative analysis on the target area of autofluorescence bronchoscopy image, determine the optimal identification index and reference value for identifying different types of diseases and explore the value of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in diagnosis of lung cancer. Patients with 1 or more preinvasive bronchial lesions were enrolled and followed up by white-light bronchoscope and autofluorescence bronchoscopy. Color space quantitative image analysis was conducted on the lesion shown in the autofluorescence image using MATLAB image measurement software. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 218 cases with 1208 biopsies. One hundred seventy-three cases were diagnosed as positive, which included 151 true-positive cases and 22 false-positive cases. White-light bronchoscope associated with autofluorescence bronchoscopy was able to differentiate between benign and malignant lesion with a high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (92.1%, 59.3%, 87.3%, and 71.1%, respectively). Taking 1.485 as the cutoff value of receiver operating characteristic of red-to-green value to differentiate benign and malignant diseases, the diagnostic sensitivity reached 82.3% and the specificity reached 80.5%. U values could differentiate invasive carcinoma and other groups well. Quantitative image analysis method of autofluorescence bronchoscopy provided effective scientific basis for the diagnosis of lung cancer and precancerous lesions.
Random neural Q-learning for obstacle avoidance of a mobile robot in unknown environments
Authors: Yang Jing , Shi Yi , Rong Hai-Jun
Published: July 2016

The article presents a random neural Q-learning strategy for the obstacle avoidance problem of an autonomous mobile robot in unknown environments. In the proposed strategy, two independent modules, namely, avoidance without considering the target and goal-seeking without considering obstacles, are first trained using the proposed random neural Q-learning algorithm to obtain their best control policies. Then, the two trained modules are combined based on a switching function to realize the obstacle avoidance in unknown environments. For the proposed random neural Q-learning algorithm, a single-hidden layer feedforward network is used to approximate the Q-function to estimate the Q-value. The parameters of the single-hidden layer feedforward network are modified using the recently proposed neural algorithm named the online sequential version of extreme learning machine, where the parameters of the hidden nodes are assigned randomly and the sample data can come one by one. However, different from the original online sequential version of extreme learning machine algorithm, the initial output weights are estimated subjected to quadratic inequality constraint to improve the convergence speed. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed random neural Q-learning strategy can successfully solve the obstacle avoidance problem. Also, the higher learning efficiency and better generalization ability are achieved by the proposed random neural Q-learning algorithm compared with the Q-learning based on the back-propagation method.
The Effects of Online News Package Structure on Attitude, Attention, and Comprehension
Authors: McIntyre Karen , Barnes Spencer R. , Ruel Laura
Published: July 2016

Research has shown that website structure can impact storytelling. Based on theory regarding website interactivity and navigability, this study examined the effects of two online news packages’ website designs—a multiple-page, nonlinear, click-through design and a single-page, linear, scroll-through design—on users’ attitudes toward the website, factual and structural comprehension of site content, and attention to the site. Results of a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment revealed that both types of comprehension were influenced by the interaction between website design and attention. Among participants who spent at least 10 min browsing, users were better able to recognize facts after looking at the scroll-through site, but they showed a deeper understanding of content after looking at the click-through site. Theoretical and practical implications for storytelling are discussed.
Normothermic thyroid storm: an unusual presentation
Authors: Sabir Anas Ahmad , Sada Kabiru , Yusuf Bashir O. , Aliyu Idris
Published: July 2016

Thyroid storm is a rare life-threatening emergency due to thyrotoxicosis. A 30-year-old female presented with restlessness, tachycardia and vomiting but with normothermia which is an unusual presentation. There is the need for clinicians to be aware of atypical clinical features that can make the diagnosis of thyroid storm difficult.
Managing the water distribution network with a Smart Water Grid
Authors:   Public Utilities Board Singapore
Published: July 2016

In Singapore, the implementation of a Smart Water Grid system supports the Public Utilities Board (PUB)’s mission to supply good water 24/7 to its customers. With sensors and analytic tools deployed island-wide to provide a real-time monitoring and decision support system, the Smart Water Grid system enables PUB to manage the water supply network efficiently, ensuring that all Singaporeans will continue to enjoy a reliable and sustainable water supply for generations to come. This paper covers the five key aspects of the Smart Water Grid system, in relation to both the key operational aspects of a water distribution system (asset management, leak management, water quality monitoring) and the customers’ end (automated meter reading and water conservation). For each aspect, the paper focuses on the challenges, current technology, PUB’s experience with technology and identified gaps, and the technology roadmap.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles can safely ameliorate the progression of chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Nassar Wael , El-Ansary Mervat , Sabry Dina , Mostafa Mostafa A. , Fayad Tarek , Kotb Esam , Temraz Mahmoud , Saad Abdel-Naser , Essa Wael , Adel Heba
Published: July 2016

Background

Bio-products from stem/progenitor cells, such as extracellular vesicles, are likely a new promising approach for reprogramming resident cells in both acute and chronic kidney disease. Forty CKD patients stage III and IV (eGFR 15–60 mg/ml) have been divided into two groups; twenty patients as treatment group “A” and twenty patients as a matching placebo group “B”. Two doses of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles had been administered to patients of group “A”. Blood urea, serum creatinine, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have been used to assess kidney functions and TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IL-10 have been used to assess the amelioration of the inflammatory immune activity.

Results

Participants in group A exhibited significant improvement of eGFR, serum creatinine level, blood urea and UACR. Patients of the treatment group “A” also exhibited significant increase in plasma levels of TGF-β1, and IL-10 and significant decrease in plasma levels of TNF-α. Participants of the control group B did not show significant improvement in any of the previously mentioned parameters at any time point of the study period.

Conclusion

Administration of cell-free cord-blood mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles (CF-CB-MSCs-EVs) is safe and can ameliorate the inflammatory immune reaction and improve the overall kidney function in grade III-IV CKD patients.
Effects of Peripheral Neurotensin on Appetite Regulation and Its Role in Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Ratner Cecilia , Skov Louise J. , Raida Zindy , Bächler Thomas , Bellmann-Sickert Kathrin , Le Foll Christelle , Sivertsen Bjørn , Dalbøge Louise S. , Hartmann Bolette , Beck-Sickinger Annette G. , Madsen Andreas N. , Jelsing Jacob , Holst Jens J. , Lutz Thomas A. , Andrews Zane B. , Holst Birgitte
Published: July 2016

Neurotensin (NT) is a peptide expressed in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract. Brain NT inhibits food intake, but the effects of peripheral NT are less investigated. In this study, peripheral NT decreased food intake in both mice and rats, which was abolished by a NT antagonist. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, we found that peripheral NT activated brainstem and hypothalamic regions. The anorexigenic effect of NT was preserved in vagotomized mice but lasted shorter than in sham-operated mice. This in combination with a strong increase in c-Fos activation in area postrema after ip administration indicates that NT acts both through the blood circulation and the vagus. To improve the pharmacokinetics of NT, we developed a pegylated NT peptide, which presumably prolonged the half-life, and thus, the effect on feeding was extended compared with native NT. On a molecular level, the pegylated NT peptide increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. We also investigated the importance of NT for the decreased food intake after gastric bypass surgery in a rat model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). NT was increased in plasma and in the gastrointestinal tract in RYGB rats, and pharmacological antagonism of NT increased food intake transiently in RYGB rats. Taken together, our data suggest that NT is a metabolically active hormone, which contributes to the regulation of food intake.
When plans need to change
Authors: Sarah Cowley Dame
Published: July 2016

Even the most carefully laid aims and plans sometimes need to change at short notice, says Dame Sarah. Right now, health visitors may need to prioritise supporting those affected by the outbreak of hate crime since the EU referendum.
A correct way to play?
Authors: Thomas-Walters Junnine
Published: July 2016

Junnine Thomas-Walters unveils research which shows how the emphasis on child-led play changes when children move into reception, and points to the evidence that suggests it still has an important role.
Terrific tyres
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: July 2016

Help children to get on roll with number skills by ordering and sorting tyres, describing the patterns of their treads and using them for a range of different purposes that involve problem solving and counting.
Come to my café
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: July 2016

Children will enjoy making the props for a café role play area and exploring how orders and money are handled. It can also give them an understanding of sharing, taking turns and adults' job roles.
How it all stacks up
Authors: White Hilary
Published: July 2016

Stacking objects tests children's fine and gross motor skills, their spatial awareness, and exercises their imaginations. Hilary White suggests ways to extend their exploration and challenge their physical abilities.
Go for chocolate!
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: July 2016

Give your play dough a chocolate theme and invite children to make their own decorative chocolates and role play a chocolate factory. Tie in some picture books to extend their vocabulary.
Simultaneous Testing for 6 Lysosomal Storage Disorders and X-Adrenoleukodystrophy in Dried Blood Spots by Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tortorelli Silvia , Turgeon Coleman T , Gavrilov Dimitar K , Oglesbee Devin , Raymond Kimiyo M , Rinaldo Piero , Matern Dietrich
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Newborn screening for lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) has revealed that late-onset variants of these conditions are unexpectedly frequent and therefore may evade diagnosis. We developed an efficient and cost-effective multiplex assay to diagnose six LSDs and several peroxisomal disorders in patients presenting with diverse phenotypes at any age.

METHODS

Three 3-mm dried blood spot (DBS) punches were placed into individual microtiter plates. One disc was treated with a cocktail containing acid sphingomyelinase-specific substrate and internal standard (IS). To the second DBS we added a cocktail containing substrate and IS for β-glucosidase, acid α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase A, galactocerebrosidase, and α-L-iduronidase. The third DBS was extracted with methanol containing d4-C26 lysophosphatidylcholine as IS and stored until the enzyme plates were combined and purified by liquid–liquid and solid-phase extraction. The extracts were evaporated, reconstituted with the extract from the lysophosphatidylcholine plate, and analyzed by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

Reference intervals were determined by analysis of 550 samples from healthy controls. DBS from confirmed patients with 1 of the 6 LSDs (n = 33), X-adrenoleukodystrophy (n = 9), or a peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (n = 5), as well as carriers for Fabry disease (n = 17) and X-adrenoleukodystrophy (n = 5), were analyzed for assay validation. Prospective clinical testing of 578 samples revealed 25 patients affected with 1 of the detectable conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

Our flow injection tandem mass spectrometry approach is amenable to high-throughput population screening for Hurler disease, Gaucher disease, Niemann–Pick A/B disease, Pompe disease, Krabbe disease, Fabry disease, X-adrenoleukodystrophy, and peroxisomal biogenesis disorder in DBS.