bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizens E-participation in the modern metropolis: Area and specifics
Authors:   National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Belyi Vladislav A. , Vidiasova Lyudmila А. ,   National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Chugunov Andrei V. ,   National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University)
Published: September 2022

The paper explores the history of the development of the e-communication environment for interactions between the authorities and citizens in the electoral metropolis of St. Petersburg. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive exploratory study with two components. The first study was conducted in 2021 using the expert survey method, attended by 60 people from among employees of government and local governments, management companies, organizations in the housing and communal services sector, representatives of the scientific and educational community, and city activists. The second study, conducted by surveying 354 employees of 43 executive bodies of state power, reveals assessments and opinions of officials on the nature of the exercise of the right to a position owned by citizens, as well as increasing the level of development of society in the social a group of employees of the executive bodies of state power of St. Petersburg. The results of these empirical studies are interpreted in the context of data, obtained through surveys of the population and employees of St. Petersburg. The results of a survey of civil servants, as well as experience, confirmed the need to support the authorities in order to increase the influence of the population. In the authorities, interaction and information exchange between officials is quite clearly built, and representatives of this group positively assess the effects of using electronic formats of interaction with the population.
Soviet Project of Nation-State-Building in Afghanistan
Authors: Nabat Maria M.
Published: September 2022

The article examines the Soviet Union’s policy in Afghanistan during the period of its military presence there (1979–1989) as a set of measures corresponding to the modern interpretation of the concepts of nation-building and state-building. It also analyzes modern theories of nation- and state-building and highlights their main trends, forms, and problems. The author also proposes a unique approach that combines these two concepts as “nation-state-building” in relation to the Soviet project in Afghanistan. The article elaborates on the main tasks of the Soviet policy in the 1980s in Afghanistan as well as their implementation and results. Due to the combination of “nation-building” and “state-building” concepts in a complex structure of “nation-state-building”, the article draws conclusions, first, about the applicability of this approach to the specific Soviet project of state-building in Afghanistan, and, second, about the complexity of the project itself, which included ideological, political, economic, and military components. On the basis of archive documents, memoirs of military and diplomatic actors, and a wide scope of academic research, the author substantiates the idea of large-scale tasks of nation-state-building in Afghanistan in Soviet foreign policy, and also indicates that the implementation of the project encountered great difficulties from the unfolding civil war to the inability of the Afghan leaders to consolidate the political life of the country. Soviet leadership quickly realized the unreadiness of the Afghan society for the proposed systemic social transformations. Despite the fact that the goals of the Soviet project were not achieved, this does not diminish its scale and historical significance.
The role of language in providing intelligibility and certainty of normative legal acts
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belov Sergei A.
Published: September 2022

Clearness (intelligibility) and certainty of content are required from normative legal acts in the contemporary legal doctrine and in judicial practice (especially in the practice of constitutional courts). These requirements primarily concern language of texts of normative legal acts, as most lawyers find guarantees of accessibility for understanding by most of addressees in the textual fixation of legal norms. The question of how texts of normative legal acts can provide this — the question lying on the border between law and linguistic — is not answered today. Lawyers focus on ways and means of interpretation of texts, and these ways and means are treated as universal principles and dogma, but this is a solution for extraction of legal norm that often does not guarantee certainty and usually does not provide intelligibility. This article demonstrates rules of making normative acts which can provide intelligibility and certainty as interconnected but autonomous and independent requirements to legal texts basing on joint legal-linguistic researches of intelligibility and certainty of legal texts. There is a tension between requirements of intelligibility and certainty, though it should not be exaggerated, as the effective measures providing these two do not conflict and could be realized together. Fulfilling these requirements working out all normative acts should be accompanied with description of their meta-normative parameters, inter alia — description of addressees of normative prescriptions of norms of these acts as well as signs of occurrences, conditions and circumstances significant for the content of legal norms and its applying.
Telemedicine: Problems of legal regulation in the context of digitalization of healthcare in Russia
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nazarova Nadezhda A. , Valueva Nadezhda I. ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the growing popularity of telemedicine. The authors point to the origins of the concept of telemedicine and its first application. Both positive and negative aspects of this phenomenon are presented. When analyzing the legislation and its application, the authors assess the current state of legal regulation of telemedicine in the context of digitalization of domestic healthcare, pointing out the presence of gaps in regulatory acts. These include the following issues: the unresolved mechanism of payment of such medical services, not fully determined the liability for violations in the field of telemedicine, for the purposes of treatment, through telemedicine technologies, the diseased person is still obliged to come to the doctor in a medical institution not solved the problem of procurement of drugs and the problems associated with Unified State information system in the field of healthcare and the Unified identification and authentication system in the field of licensing, the development of electronic prescriptions and the provision of warranty getting medicines for them, etc. Possible ways to resolve issues in the field of legal regulation for each individual issue are proposed. The authors present a clear practice of using telemedicine on the territory of the Russian Federation, namely in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It is also worth noting that the conclusions reached by the authors are based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and current legislation. The medical and legal aspects of the application of telemedicine are considered in detail, namely the norms of legislative acts that are an important source in regulating the relations of this institution. Thus, the relevance and significance of the application of telemedicine as a promising and developing phenomenon of the future is emphasized.
Theoretical foundations of the psychology of the possible
Authors:   Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Znakov Viktor
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the field of science that studies the entire spectrum of phenomena in the psychology of the possible. Why only today did we start talking about a new field of psychology, the psychology of the possible? Its novelty lies in the new emphasis on the possible as unexpected, incredible, and improbable. In the psychology of the possible, at one pole of the understanding of psychologists is the adaptive possible, based on past experience, and on the opposite is the possible as a preadaptive phenomenon (understanding of events that are not causally related to the ontogenesis of the subject). The connecting link between these poles is the idea of the sought-for in human thinking, the prediction of the initially unknown when solving the problem. In the psychological analysis of personality, on the left pole of the “conscious — unconscious” continuum, there are alternative possible selves conscious of the subject and therefore enumerable, on the right — personality as an existential mystery. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the psychology of the possible were analyzed in detail — the philosophy of the possible M. N. Epstein, the historical and evolutionary concept of preadaptation to uncertainty by A. G. Asmolov with colleagues, scientific ideas about the uncertainty of the human world. The concept of possible thinking, which analyzes different options and alternatives of the possible, is disclosed and substantiated in detail. At the end of the report three large groups of phenomena in the psychology of the possible are analyzed: the phenomena traditionally studied in psychology that relate to the possible (affordances, anticipation, and others), the phenomena of the sought-for, and the understanding of the possible as a preadaptive phenomenon that characterizes unstable situations, the occurrence of which cannot be predicted.
Self-changes: Situational determinants
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Grishina Natalia
Published: September 2022

One of the trends in modern psychology is the study of self-processes as a result of recognizing the role of the individual in the process of development and creation of his own living space, including self-changes as a response to the challenges of a changing reality. According to the results of modern research, the readiness and ability of a person to change plays a crucial role in its effective functioning. Based on our research, a conceptual model of the process of self-change was proposed, the concept of the potential for self-change was developed, and a methodology for its diagnosis was proposed. The actualization of the potential for self-change is determined by the target and situational determinants, which require studying how the possibilities of the situation are assessed in terms of its correlation with the goals of a person. To identify a person’s desire for change, various methodological solutions are used that, however, are criticized for the decontextualized nature of the data obtained. Attempts to overcome this compel researchers to search for tools for describing situations and context. The article provides examples of studies conducted using the scale of situationism (lay situationism), which revealed two significant aspects — the susceptibility (sensitivity) of a person to environmental influences and attention to the situation; research focused on the study of personality changes, taking into account the context (WAC — Within and Across Context Variability); when describing a situation, it is proposed to be based on information about the structure of the situation, its psychological characteristics and the category (class) of the situation, the formulation of the principles for studying situations (processing, reality and circularity principles) is proposed. Studies of situations with a description/measurement of its individual parameters, however, can be effective in solving particular problems, but do not provide complete information about the situation as a regulator of human activity, since a person interacts with the whole situation, and not with its individual characteristics. The task is to search for concepts of an integral description of the situation as the basis for the target determination of behavior, one of which is Bernstein’s “model of the required future”.
Estimating rainfall–runoff modeling using the rainfall prognostic model-based artificial framework with a well-ordered selective genetic algorithm
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Pandey K. K. , Kumar Sunil , Supriya Sunidhi
Published: September 2022

Rainfall–runoff modeling is one of the most well-known applications of hydrology. The goal of rainfall–runoff modeling is to simulate the peak river flow caused by an actual or hypothetical rainfall force. In existing methods, the rainfall–runoff relationships are quantified to predict the daily streamflow of each catchment from its landscape attributes to measure the daily rainfall. However, the structural model error, infiltration rate, and the steep slopes of the hill affect the prediction process. To tackle these issues, this paper proposed a novel rainfall prognostic model-based artificial framework, which predicts day-to-day rainfall to prevent environmental disasters. The day-to-day predictions minimize the risks to life and property and also manage the agricultural farms in a better way because the possibility of rainfall has been estimated earlier. Furthermore, the posterior fire-breathing network is utilized to estimate model errors in the computational runoff by using time-dependent and random noise to the model's internal storage to solve the uncertainty problem. Since the model errors are estimated, there are limits to the infiltration rate and thus a prophetic multilayer network is utilized which relies on the soil runoff levels. Moreover, the network measures the dynamics of soil moisture to regulate the infiltration rate according to the rural or urban section. Moreover, to measure the surface water from the steep slopes, the system offered a well-ordered selective genetic algorithm to calculate the velocity of runoff in different bend areas to overcome the numerical problem. Thus, the model results showed that the work effectively predicts the rainfall from the investigation of model errors, infiltration rates, and velocity to achieve a better prediction range in the rainfall.
Formation and influencing factors of disinfection by-products from bacterial materials in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Li Jing , Feng Cuimin , Li Ying , Yang Weiqi , Zhang Zibin
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the contribution of bacterial materials in water distribution systems to DBPs has attracted widespread attention from researchers. The risks and influencing factors of bacterial DBPs are reviewed. Factors affecting the generation of bacterial DBPs include the characteristics of bacterial materials, disinfection process, piping materials, and water quality. Among the major components of biofilms, proteins or amino acids have the greatest risk of DBPs. Among the commonly used disinfection methods, chlorine is more suitable for continuous disinfection of pipe networks than chloramine, but chlorine dioxide may be a better substitute in the future. Pipes with good biological stability, such as polyethylene (PE) pipe, should be encouraged to be used in water supply networks. Periodic removal of biofilms, reduction of organic matter and bromide ion concentrations, and maintenance of high flow rates are effective means to reduce bacterial DBPs. The control, removal and monitoring devices of tube wall biofilm need to be further developed and promoted. In the future, it is urgent to develop new disinfectants that are not easy to react with biomolecules and natural organic matter, and produce fewer or no by-products.
Study on the migration performance of Cs(I) in the treatment of simulated radioactive wastewater by electrodialysis
Authors: Xie Yudong , Wang Xiaowei , Men Jinfeng , Qin Feibo
Published: September 2022

As a competitive radioactive wastewater treatment technology, electrodialysis (ED) has the advantages of low operating pressure and high cycles of concentration. In order to analyze the migration performance of radionuclides during the treatment of radioactive wastewater by ED, a radionuclide migration model was constructed based on the mass conservation law and Faraday's law with the typical radionuclide cesium as the research object. Experiments were carried out for the treatment of simulated radioactive wastewater in a small-scale ED system, and the average migration rate of radionuclides under different operating conditions was predicted by the model. The results showed that the experimental values of concentration and average migration rate of Cs(I) were significantly correlated with the calculated values of the model, in which the relative error of the average migration rate was 4.54%. The variation characteristics of Cs(I) concentration in diluted solution under different current and volume ratio conditions can be predicted by the model. The average variation rate of Cs(I) concentration decreases significantly with the increase of current and volume ratio.
Novel Formulation Approaches used for the Management of Osteoarthritis: A Recent Review
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Dogra Raghav , Mandal Uttam Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background:

The osteoarthritis (OA) causes economic, social, and health difficulties to the patients. Approximately 10% to 15% of all persons above the age of 60 have some degree of OA. OA is more common in women than in males. Diagnosed OA prevalence varies widely among EU member states, from 2.8% in Romania to 18.3% in Hungary.

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slow-progressing, non-inflammatory disorder. This disorder ultimately destroys articular cartilage and other joint components. The main symptoms are stiffness, pain, loss of flexibility, swelling, and bone spurs. Many risk factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable, have been associated with osteoarthritis (OA), including obesity and lack of exercise, genetic susceptibility, bone density, work-related damage, and trauma.

Method:

Hydrogels, micro and nano-sized particles, and novel topical gels are among the most common examples. Hydrogels are cross-linked polymers with 3-D architecture that can hold water and expand like living tissue. The Micro-carriers, and nano-based drug delivery systems provide several advantages and may demonstrate prolonged release, controlled release, and higher joint half-life.

Result:

OA-induced male Lewis rats were injected with celecoxib-loaded PEA microspheres to assess in vivo biocompatibility and degradation. According to the findings of this research, PEA microspheres loaded with celecoxib may be employed as safe delivery of drug with self-regulating behavior for the pain treatment related to knee osteoarthritis.

Conclusion:

The concept of novel drug delivery systems has shown tangible benefits as a new avenue for precise, safe, and high-quality drug delivery for OA treatment. Currently, herbal drugs are also used in osteoarthritis treatment due to their potency and fewer side effects in contrast to synthetic drugs. The herbo-synthetic approach is a new concept for the delivery of both herbal and synthetic drugs together to exploit their individual beneficial effects while reducing undesirable side effects.
Hunting for Genes Underlying Emotionality in the Laboratory Rat: Maps,
Tools and Traps
Authors: Ramos André , Granzotto Natalli , Kremer Rafael , Boeder Ariela Maína , de Araújo Julia Fernandez Puñal , Pereira Aline Guimarães , Izídio Geison Souza
Published: September 2022

Scientists have systematically investigated the hereditary bases of behaviors since the 19th
century, moved by either evolutionary questions or clinically-motivated purposes. The pioneer studies
on the genetic selection of laboratory animals had already indicated, one hundred years ago, the immense
complexity of analyzing behaviors that were influenced by a large number of small-effect genes
and an incalculable amount of environmental factors. Merging Mendelian, quantitative and molecular
approaches in the 1990s made it possible to map specific rodent behaviors to known chromosome regions.
From that point on, Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analyses coupled with behavioral and molecular
techniques, which involved in vivo isolation of relevant blocks of genes, opened new avenues
for gene mapping and characterization. This review examines the QTL strategy applied to the behavioral
study of emotionality, with a focus on the laboratory rat. We discuss the challenges, advances and
limitations of the search for Quantitative Trait Genes (QTG) playing a role in regulating emotionality.
For the past 25 years, we have marched the long journey from emotionality-related behaviors to genes.
In this context, our experiences are used to illustrate why and how one should move forward in the
molecular understanding of complex psychiatric illnesses. The promise of exploring genetic links between
immunological and emotional responses are also discussed. New strategies based on humans,
rodents and other animals (such as zebrafish) are also acknowledged, as they are likely to allow substantial
progress to be made in the near future.
Efficient Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of Scopolamine by [4+3]
Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Li Gudong , Zheng Guojun , Duan Xiuyuan , Wang Qian , Shahab Muhammad , Liang Chaoqun
Published: September 2022

Scopolamine, as an anticholinergic agent, plays a regulatory role in the peripheral nervous
system. In this paper, 6,7-dehydrotropinone, which is the key intermediate of scopolamine, is synthesized
in moderate yield through [4+3] cyclization reaction and Barton deoxygenation reaction. This
route has good application prospects with mild reaction conditions, moderate yield, and simple operating
procedures.
Efficient Synthesis of 4-Arylmethylene-3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives Catalyzed by Malic Acid
Authors: Kiyani Hamzeh , Tahmasabi Sayed Zakaria , Samimi Heshmat Allah
Published: September 2022

The efficient, straightforward, and green procedure was established in the direction of synthesis of 4-arylmethylene-3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives using the malic acid, which acted as the catalyst for the three-component heterocyclization reaction. In this reaction, aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and ethyl acetoacetate/ethyl benzoylacetate were applied as the reactants. The reaction was optimized to attain the best conditions for the synthesis of target heterocyclic compounds in a single step route. The best results were obtained from optimization experiments using 10 mol% malic acid as the catalyst, water solvent, and 50ºC temperature. The noticeable features of this process are the simplicity of the experimental procedure, the easy separation of the pure compounds from the product mixture, the simplicity of operation, avoidance of any hazardous organic solvents, no use of chromatographic purification techniques, clean reaction profiles, high yields, relatively short reaction time, and eco-friendliness
Clinical Approaches to Minimize Readmissions of Patients with COPD: A
Narrative Review
Authors: Duong-Quy Sy , Vo-Pham-Minh Thu , Duong-Thi-Thanh Van , Craig Timothy , Nguyen-Nhu Vinh
Published: September 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease and also a lead-ing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The frequent readmissions of patients with COPD may reduce lung function, mental health, and quality of life; it also increases the cost of treatment and mortality rate. Some common factors that may increase the readmission frequency of COPD pa-tients include delay of diagnosis, advanced lung function decline, lack of adherence for COPD treatment, ineffective management of comorbidities, acute exacerbation or stable COPD, and infec-tions. However, these factors might be well controlled with appropriate approaches to minimize the readmission of patients with COPD. In this review, we propose a strategy with a seven-step ap-proach to reduce the readmission in COPD patients, including early diagnosis of COPD, optimal treatment for stable COPD, targeted management of comorbidities, adequate therapy for acute ex-acerbations, individualized action plans for COPD patients, effective prevention of bacterial and vi-ral infections, and adaptive program of pulmonary rehabilitation. Thus, implementing this approach may reduce the risk of readmission in patients with COPD.
GC-MS Screening of Adiantum lunulatum Burm. F Phytochemicals and Interaction with COX-2, TRPV1, and TRPC3 Proteins-bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Nair Raveendran Harikumaran , Jerom Jenat Pazheparambil , Sajan Ann Liya , Manirajan Binoy Ambika , Mohammed Sudheer
Published: September 2022

Background:

The Adiantum lunulatum is a medicinally important pteridophyte used to treat inflammatory-related diseases. The phytochemical profile of this plant is poorly investigated.

Objective:

Here, we screened the nonpolar phytochemicals and their interactions with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme (inflammation), transient receptor potential cation channel V member 1 (TRPV1), and transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) receptors (pain).

Methods:

The identification and molecular docking analysis used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), AutoDock Vina, and BIOVIA discovery studio visualizer 2020. The online computer tools Swiss ADME and admetSAR predicted these compounds' bioavailability and toxicity.

Results:

GC-MS analysis detected the 12 different compounds. Five compounds with high similarity to mass spectrum were selected for molecular docking. This includes 2, 4 di-tert-butylphenol; n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid); 2 pentadecanone, 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-; Quinoline 1, 2 dihydro 2, 2, 4 trimethyl and 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl hexadec 2-en-1-yl acetate. These compounds showed interaction with the binding pocket of COX-2, TRPV1, and TRPC3 proteins. This interaction with enzyme and receptor activity causes a reduction in inflammatory pathogenesis.

Conclusion:

This study enhances our fundamental knowledge of biologically important volatile phytochemicals in Adiantum lunulatum dichloromethane extract and its possible effects in reducing inflammatory responses.
Structure Analysis of Unsaturated Polymyxin E Components Based on
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Quadrupole/ Time of Flight
Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Photochemical Reaction
Authors: Zhang Hanzhi , Zhao Jingdan , Tian Zhenhua , Liu Hao
Published: September 2022

Background:

Polymyxin E (PME), which is a complex of cationic cyclic lipodecapeptides, is used to treat multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Besides the main components PME1 and PME2, polymyxin containing unsaturated fatty acyl (FA) group with lower contents is hardly to determine the structure without chromatographic preparations and NMR.

Introduction:

The peptide sequences of PME components has been carried out based on high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole / time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q/TOF-MS). However, the components with double bond on the FA, such as 2’, 3’-dehydro PME1, were difficult to be determined or easily misjudged by MS/MS. The transformation of such unsaturated components to be epoxidized components or di-hydroxylated components can promote the acquisition of more fragment ions in the MS/MS, so as to assist in judging the position of double bonds on FA.

Methods:

In this paper, the PME mixtures were dissolved in an equal proportion of 20% ACN aqueous solution and 2-acetylpyridine. The above PME solution was transferred to a quartz cuvette and irradiated with the ultraviolet lamp at 254 nm for 8h. The dehydro PME components were converted to be epoxy PMEs and dihydroxy PMEs. A fragmentation pathway of epoxidized components or di-hydroxylated components based on Q/TOF-MS/MS was proposed for the first time.

Results:

According to the characteristic ions of epoxidized components and di-hydroxylated components, 2’, 3’-epoxy PME1/E2 and 2’, 3’-dihydroxy PME1/E2 were confirmed. It can be inferred that the double bond is located at the 2’, 3’-position of FA.

Conclusion:

The structure of unsaturated PME component with double bond on the FA is elucidated by HPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with photochemical reaction. This strategy is applicable to other lipopeptides containing unsaturated FA chain.
Mechanism of Shizi Sanhua Decoction on Male Oligospermia Revealed by
Herbs-Ingredients and Disease Co-Target Genes Sub-Network
Authors: Li Haibin , Cao Hongwen , Wang Dan , Feng Yigeng , Chen Lei , Gao Renjie
Published: September 2022

Background:

Shizi Sanhua Decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription,
shows a treatment advantage on male oligospermia. While due to the complexity of the compatibility
(multiple herbs composition), the underlying mechanism remains to be deciphered.

Methods:

Herbs-ingredients-target genes were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems
Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and SWISSADME database, intersecting
with oligospermia-related derived from DisGeNET to obtain co-target genes. The protein-protein
interaction (PPI) network of co-target genes was constructed based on the STRING database, and highly
condensed sub-networks and top 10 Hub genes were identified with the CytoHubba plug-in. Herbs, ingredients
and KEGG enrichment information were projected onto the identified highly condensed subnetwork
to build Herbs-ingredients and disease co-target genes sub-network.

Results:

After integration of herbs-ingredients-target genes (n=453) with disease genes (n=329), 29 cotarget
genes were obtained. Among them, PARP1, AR, CYP17A1, ESR1, ABCB1, STS, CFTR,
SOAT1, NR5A1, and HIF1A were related to male infertility (WP4673-WikiPathways). Sub-network
analysis further revealed the top 10 Hub genes, and the relation with the herbs and ingredients was
demonstrated in the sub-network of herbs-ingredients and disease co-target genes. As expected, reproductive-
related biological processes (mammary gland epithelium development, GO:0061180; Oocyte
meiosis, hsa04114; Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, hsa04914) were enriched. Thyroid hormone
signaling pathway (hsa04919), Serotonergic synapse (hsa04726), Chemical carcinogenesisreactive
oxygen species (hsa05208), and Endocrine resistance (hsa01522) may contribute to the development
of male oligospermia.

Conclusion:

Constructed herbs-ingredients and disease co-target genes sub-network discloses specific
bioprocesses and molecular targets of Shizi Sanhua Decoction in oligospermia treatment.
Microbiome-Based Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease: Can Tuning the
Microbiota Become a Viable Therapeutic Strategy?
Authors: Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Ojo Folusho O. , Olofinnade Anthony T. , Falade Joshua , Lawal Ismail A. , Onaolapo Olakunle J.
Published: September 2022

Progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) have continued
to baffle medical science, despite strides in the understanding of their pathology. The inability of currently
available therapies to halt disease progression is a testament to an incomplete understanding of
pathways crucial to disease initiation, progression and management. Science has continued to link the
activities and equilibrium of the gut microbiome to the health and proper functioning of brain neurons.
They also continue to stir interest in the potential applications of technologies that may shift the balance
of the gut microbiome towards achieving a favourable outcome in PD management. There have
been suggestions that an improved understanding of the roles of the gut microbiota is likely to lead to
the emergence of an era where their manipulation becomes a recognized strategy for PD management.
This review examines the current state of our journey in the quest to understand how gut microbiota
can influence several aspects of PD. We highlight the relationship between the gut microbiome/
microbiota and PD pathogenesis, as well as preclinical and clinical evidence evaluating the effect of
postbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics in PD management. This is with a view to ascertaining if we are
at the threshold of discovering the application of a usable tool in our quest for disease modifying therapies
in PD.
Protein Uncoupling as an Innovative Practice in Diabetes Mellitus
Treatment: A Metabolic Disorder
Authors: Chaudhary Rishabh , Gupta Sumeet , Chauhan Samrat
Published: September 2022

Background:

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are unpaired electron carriers that uncouple
oxygen intake by the electron transport chain from ATP production in the inner membrane of the
mitochondria. The physiological activities of UCPs have been hotly contested, and the
involvement of UCPs in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus is among the
greatest concerns. UCPs are hypothesised to be triggered by superoxide and then reduce
mitochondrial free radical production, potentially protecting diabetes mellitus patients who are
experiencing oxidative stress.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study are to find out the newest ways to treat diabetes mellitus
through protein uncoupling.

Methods:

Research and review papers are collected from different databases like google scholar,
PubMed, Mendeley, Scopus, Science Open, Directory of open access journals, and Education
Resources Information Center, using different keywords such as “uncoupling proteins in diabetes
mellitus treatment”, “UCP 1”, “UCP 2”, and ‘UCP 3”.

Results:

UCP1, UCP2, and UCP 3 are potential targets as uncoupling proteins for the treatment
of diabetes mellitus for new drugs. New drugs treat the disease by reducing oxidative stress
through thermogenesis and energy expenditure.

Conclusion:

UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 have a role in fatty acid metabolism, negative control of
insulin production, and insulin sensitivity by beta-cells. Polymorphisms in the UCP 1, 2, and 3
genes significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Protein uncoupling indirectly
targets the GPCR and islet of Langerhans. This review summarises the advances in understanding
the role of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 in diabetes mellitus.
Staff Nurses’ Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators of Effective Nursing Leadership in a Major Saudi Hospital
Authors: Alenezi Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

Background:

Leadership skills on the part of nursing managers are expected to improve care for patients under the care of registered nurses. To do so also requires all Saudi hospital nursing leaders to attract and retain qualified nursing staff during a time of global shortages.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to explore and identify the staff nurse perceptions of the barriers to and facilitators of effective nurse leadership for a major Saudi hospital and make recommendations for change.

Methods:

An interpretative methodology guided by John Kotter’s change theory. Qualitative data were collected from 14 participants using semi-structured interviews in 2016 and analysed using content analysis.

Results:

Two main categories have been identified through the data analysis process. The first category was barriers to effective leadership, comprising an inadequate leadership education and skills development; a limited authority and clinical empowerment; an unawareness of the need for change; and poor communication. The second category was facilitators of effective leadership, encapsulated engaging and listening to staff and seeking their ideas; recognizing staff performance, and motivational strategies.

Conclusion:

Even though the staff nurses who participated in this study were dissatisfied with the quality of leadership shown by their nurse managers, nevertheless they proffered an abundance of data during the study which accentuated the variety of organizational obstacles encountered by their nursing managers. They also voiced opinions on the workplace factors which might serve to assist nurse managers to improve the efficacy of their guidance. These were included in the study recommendations which were forwarded to all nursing managers employed at the hospital.
Combined Bazedoxifene and Genistein Ameliorate Ovariectomy-Induced
Hippocampal Neuro-Alterations via Activating CREB/BDNF/TrkB
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Samak Mai A. , Abdelrahman Abeer A. , Samy Walaa , Abdelrahman Shaimaa A.
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

The scientific research community devotes stupendous efforts to control
the arguable counterbalance between the undesirable effects of hormone replacement therapy
(HRT) and post-menopausal syndrome. The recent emergence of 3rd generation selective estrogen
receptor modulators and phytoestrogens has provided a promising alternative to HRT.
Hence, we assessed the potential effects of combined Bazedoxifene and Genistein on
hippocampal neuro-alterations induced by experimental ovariectomy.

Methods:

For this purpose, we utilized forty-eight healthy sexually mature female Wistar rats assorted
to control, ovariectomy (OVX), Genistein-treated ovariectomized (OVX+GEN) and
Bazedoxifene and Genistein-treated ovariectomized (OVX+BZA+GEN) groups. Hippocampi
samples from various groups were examined by H&E, silver stains and immunohistochemical
examination for calbindin-D28k, GFAP, and BAX proteins. We also assessed hippocampal
mRNA expression of ERK, CREB, BDNF and TrkB.

Results:

Our histopathological results confirmed that combined BZA+GEN induced restoration
of hippocampal neuronal architecture, significant reduction of GFAP and BAX mean area % and
significant upregulation of calbindin-D28k immunoexpression. Furthermore, we observed significant
upregulation of ERK, CREB, BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the BZA+GEN group
compared to the OVX group.

Conclusion:

Taken together, our findings have provided a comprehensive assessment of histological,
immunohistochemical and cyto-molecular basis of combined Genistein and Bazedoxifene
ameliorative impacts on hippocampal neuro-alterations of OVX rats via upregulation of
Calbindin, CERB, BDNF, Trk-B and ERK neuronal expression.
Peculiarities of Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects Produced by Nanoparticles of Molybdenum (VI) Oxide under Multiple Oral Exposure of Rats: Examination and Comparative Assessment
Authors: Zaitseva Nina Vladimirovna , Zemlyanova Marina Aleksandrovna , Stepankov Mark Sergeevich , Ignatova Anna Mikhailovna , Pustovalova Olga Vasilievna , Nikolaeva Alyona Evgenievna
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) are widely used in various economic activities. This creates elevated risks of exposure to this nanomaterial for workers and the population in general, and consequently, there can be an increased number of developing pathological changes caused by exposure to MoO3 NPs.

Objective:

The study aims to examine and comparatively assess peculiarities of bioaccumulation and toxic effects produced by MoO NPs under multiple oral introductions.

Methods:

We evaluated the sizes of analyzed particles by scanning electronic microscopy; the specific surface area was calculated by the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Taylor; the total pore volume by Barrett, Joyner and Halenda. Rats were exposed as per the scheme introduced by Lim with colleagues. We examined biochemical and hematological blood indicators, molybdenum concentrations, and pathomorphological changes in tissues of various organs 24 hours after the last exposure. The study involved a comparison with effects produced by MoO3 microparticles.

Results:

We evaluated the sizes of analyzed particles by scanning electronic microscopy; the specific surface area was calculated by the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Taylor; the total pore volume by Barrett, Joyner and Halenda. Rats were exposed as per the scheme introduced by Lim with colleagues. We examined biochemical and hematological blood indicators, molybdenum concentrations, and pathomorphological changes in tissues of various organs 24 hours after the last exposure. The study involved a comparison with effects produced by MoO3 microparticles.

Conclusion:

MoO3 NPs are more able to bioaccumulate and produce toxic effects compared with their microdispersed analogue under multiple oral introductions into the body.
Amalgamation of Nanoparticles within Drug Carriers: A Synergistic
Approach or a Futile Attempt?
Authors: Mehta Nikhil , Pai Rohan
Published: September 2022

In recent years, nanotechnology has gained much attention from scientists for the
obtainment of significant advances in therapeutic potential. Nano-delivery systems have emerged
as an effective way to improve the therapeutic properties of drugs, including solubility, stability,
prolongation of half-life, as well as promoting the accumulation of drug at the target site. The
nanoparticles have also been incorporated into various conventional drug delivery systems. This
review study aims to introduce the amalgamation of nanoparticles into drug carriers. To overcome
the limitations of single nanoparticles, such as toxicity, high instability, rapid drug release as well
as limited drug loading capacity, a multi-component system is developed. Liposomes,
microparticles, nanofibers, dendrimers, etc., are promising drug carriers, having some limitations
that can be minimized, and the compilation of nanoparticles synergizes the properties. The
amalgamated nanocarriers are used for the diagnostic purpose as well as treatment of various
chronic diseases. It also increases the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. However, each system has
its advantages and disadvantages based on its physicochemical properties, efficacy, and other
parameters. This review details the past and present state of development for the fusion of
nanoparticles within drug carriers and future research works are needed for the same.
National Trends in the Us e of Herbal Medicines for the Treatm ent of
Hypertens ion Among Adults in Mongolia from Four Cross-Sectional Surveys
in 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2019
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa
Published: September 2022

Background:

The use of herbal and combined herbal and conventional treatments in people with chronic diseases, such as hypertension, is important. The aim of the present study was to assess national trends in using traditional medicines for the treatment of hypertension among adults in Mongolia from four cross-sectional surveys in 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2019.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data were analysed from 5,657 persons (15-64 years) of known hypertensives that participated in the 2005, 2009, 2013 or 2019 Mongolia STEPS surveys. Those who knew their hypertension status were asked about the past two weeks of intake of any drug (medication) for increased blood pressure prescribed by a doctor or other health worker, and the current intake of any herbal or traditional remedy for elevated blood pressure. Logistic regression was employed to assess the associations between sociodemographic and comorbid factors and herbal use and concurrent herbal and conventional treatment.

Results:

The prevalence of known hypertensives slightly increased from 19.0% in 2005 to 23.7% in 2019. The prevalence of current conventional treatment for hypertension among known hypertensives significantly decreased from 74.5% in 2005 to 40.1% in 2019. The proportion of current herbal treatment for hypertension among known hypertensives was overall 6.3% and decreased significantly from 11.7% in 2005 to 9.0% in 2019. The prevalence of current herbal and conventional treatment for hypertension among known hypertensives was overall 4.4%, and significantly decreased from 9.9% in 2005 to 6.0% in 2019. In the 2005 survey, the prevalence of herbal use was significantly higher among those with 12 or more years of education (p<0.01) and urban residence (p<0.001), while in the study years 2009, 2013 and 2019, no significant differences were found in terms of educational level and residence status and prevalence of herbal use.
In adjusted logistic regression analysis, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption decreased the odds and older age increased the odds of herbal use and/or concurrent herbal and conventional treatment for hypertension among hypertensives.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of herbal and/or conventional treatment of hypertension among hypertensives has decreased among Mongolian adults over a 15-year period. Considering significant levels of herbal treatment in combination with conventional treatment for hypertension, negative drug-herb effects can be expected, and appropriate actions of health systems may be needed.
Recent Advancements in Hyperthermia-Driven Controlled Drug Delivery
from Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Baig Mirza Shahed , Haque Mohammad Akiful , Konatham Teja Kumar Reddy , Mohammad Badrud Duza , Yahya Barrawaz Aateka , Saffiruddin Shaikh Sana , Siddiqui Falak A. , Khan Sharuk L.
Published: September 2022

Previous reviews of the works on magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia-induced treatment
concentrated mostly on magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) employing monometallic/metal oxide
nanocomposites. In the literature, the word "hyperthermia" was also limited to the use of heat for
medicinal purposes. A number of articles have recently been published demonstrating that magnetic
nanoparticle-based hyperthermia may produce restricted high temperatures, resulting in the release of
medicines that are either connected to the magnetic nanoparticles or encased in polymer matrices. In
this debate, we propose broadening the concept of "hyperthermia" to encompass temperature-based
treatment as well as magnetically controlled medication delivery. The review also addresses core-shell
magnetic nanomaterials, particularly nanoshells made by stacked assembly, for the use of hyperthermia-
based treatment and precise administration of drugs. The primary objective of this review article
is to demonstrate how the combination of hyperthermia-induced therapy and on-demand' drug release
models may lead to effective applications in personalized medicine.