bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joining alone: factors that influence the musical participation of young adults after leaving school
Authors: White Emma , Pitts Stephanie E.
Published: October 2024

When young people leave the musical world of their school environment, a lack of clear routes into adult musical engagement brings a risk of wasted ability, motivation and enjoyment, which arguably undermines the value of music education. This study explored the factors that influence continued musical participation among young British adults who had been actively engaged in school music. Musical participation is defined in this research as group music-making in either a formal or informal setting. Participants (n = 102) completed an online questionnaire or were interviewed (n = 6) about their past and present musical experiences along with future expectations for music-making. The stark headline finding was that while 87% of participants had intended to continue with music-making beyond school, only 48% had found groups to join. Nonetheless, 78% expected to continue with music-making in the future. Our research therefore suggests that any break from musical participation need not be permanent for individuals who have established strong musical identities through their early experiences. To conclude, we present a model of lifelong musical participation that illustrates the influences, motivations and choices that contribute to sustained musical engagement.
Creating a Multidisciplinary Bioethics Ambassador Program at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Scharf Amy E. , Blackler Liz , Matsoukas Konstantina , James Monique C. , Thomas Amy , Voigt Louis P.
Published: October 2024

The Ethics Committee at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) developed a Bioethics Ambassador Program (BAP); a yearlong educational program to assist clinical and non-clinical staff develop the skills to identify and address common burgeoning ethical issues that can arise during the provision of care to patients with cancer. The goal was to provide greater awareness of the role and services of Ethics, particularly at the institution’s geographically-diverse outpatient care centers and to better-instill a culture of preventative ethics. This article discusses the design and implementation of the first two years of the program and analyzes its strengths, weaknesses, and impact on MSK.
Establishment of trophoblast cell line derived from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) parthenogenetic embryo
Authors: Mohapatra Sushil K. , Sandhu Anjit , Palta Prabhat , Singh Manoj K. , Singla Suresh K. , Chauhan Manmohan S.
Published: October 2024

We have established trophoblast cell lines, from parthenogenesis-derived buffalo blastocysts. The buffalo trophoblast cells were cultured continuously over 200 days and 21 passages. These cells were observed by phase-contrast microscopy for their morphology and characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence against trophoblast-specific markers and cytoskeletal proteins. Trophoblast cells showed positive staining for CDX2, a marker of these cells at both blastocyst and cell line levels. Epithelial morphology of these cells was revealed by positive staining against cytokeratins and tubulin but not against vimentin and dolichos biflorus agglutinin. Gene expression profiles of many important placenta-specific genes were studied in the primary trophectoderm outgrowths, which were collected on days 0, 5, 9, 12 and 15 of culture and trophoblast cell line at passages 12–15. Therefore, the trophoblast cell line derived can potentially be used for in vitro studies on buffalo embryonic development.
Comparing Gendered Exposure and Impact in Online Election Violence: Tunisian Political Candidates Targeted on Facebook
Authors: Holm Malin , Bjarnegård Elin , Zetterberg Pär
Published: October 2024

Election violence is increasingly taking place online. However, we still do not know much about how such attacks affect the representation of politically marginalized groups such as women. This article develops and applies strategies for analyzing (gendered) exposure to and impacts of online attacks against political candidates. It focuses on the 2019 parliamentary election campaign in Tunisia and combines manual analysis of Tunisian candidates’ public Facebook pages with candidate interviews. We find no gendered patterns in exposure to online election violence in the Facebook data and a low general exposure to attacks. The interview data nevertheless suggests gendered perceptions and impacts of attacks, as well as a perception among the candidates that online election violence is widespread and problematic. These discrepancies highlight that we need a combination of methods and materials to capture the multifaceted nature of online election violence, and in particular those that directly link candidate exposure to impact.
The Day After a Broken Democratic Polity
Authors: Kristan M. Victoria
Published: October 2024

Lon Fuller’s fictional Purple Shirt regime, Victor Orbán’s illiberal democracy in today’s Hungary and the Kaczynski brothers’ recently ended unconstitutional republic of Poland are three examples of a ‘broken democratic polity’ in which many aspects of the rule of law and constitutional democracy have been compromised and cannot be fixed without a qualified majority, even if democratic forces come to power. In this article, I address the question of whether illegal state action of a democratic government is an appropriate means of restoring legitimacy to what I call a ‘broken’ polity. Put differently: Is it morally defensible for a new democratically elected government to override and replace the rules of illiberal constitutional reform in violation of formal legality? If so, under what conditions? I argue that a positive answer to this question is justified if we adopt a neo-republican approach to politics and legitimacy.
Self-Immersed Expressive Writing Increases LF/HF Ratio and Decreases Expressive Suppression
Authors: Jacques Teresa , Alves Rui A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Expressive writing helps the disclosure of an emotionally charged event, in a safe and nonthreatening environment, while focusing on the feelings and emotions associated with a traumatic experience. Studies have proposed that expressive writing improves both mental and physical health, and that writing perspective might influence expressive writing outcomes. However, no studies have compared both emotion regulation outcomes and Heart-Rate Variability between self-immersed (I) and self-distancing expressive writing (She/He). Two hundred and one college students at a university were randomly assigned to either an expressive group, writing about their most upsetting life experience (using either a self-immersed or distanced perspective), or a control group (using either a self-immersed or distanced perspective), writing about their daily routine. Positive and negative affect, emotion regulation, anxiety and alexithymia were measured before and after writing. Heart-rate variability was recorded during the experiment to examine the effects of the writing exercise on the autonomous nervous system. We found that suppression decreased at follow-up (η2p = .023) and LF/HF ratio increased after writing (η2 p = .031) in the self-immersed expressive group, in comparison to the self-immersed control group. These are promising results as they suggest that self-immersed expressive writing might be used to foster emotion regulation.
Disturbances of Interoception in Schizophrenia – Focus on Neuroimaging
Authors: Kandilarova Sevdalina
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The current paper presents the most recent theoretical understanding of interoception (INTC) in light of the predictive processing framework and the Embodied Predictive Interoceptive Coding model and reviews recent experimental data on different interoceptive disturbances in schizophrenia (SCZ) such as lower interoceptive accuracy, nociceptive dysfunction reflected by reduced pain sensitivity, disturbed thermoregulation, impaired gastrointestinal regulation, cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction, and immune disturbances. The immense clinical implications of these disturbances are discussed in the context of the high rates of morbidity and mortality in SCZ related to suicide and cardiac death. Next, the potential of INTC-related treatments is reviewed, and conclusions are made on the evidence for the use of vagus nerve stimulation, mindfulness-based interventions, and exercise therapy. The neuroimaging perspective is given in a brief account of the INTC-related findings in healthy individuals suggesting the right anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex as key brain areas for interoceptive awareness, accuracy, and sensibility, by supporting higher-order representation and integration of visceral, and somatosensory interoception with exteroceptive information. In SCZ, on the other hand, neuroimaging research on specific interoceptive abilities is lacking but indirect evidence points to disrupted activation of major INTC network hubs. There is converging evidence of changes in these hubs in terms of both structure and function (volume reductions, aberrant activation, and connectivity). This narrative review identifies several gaps in contemporary INTC-related research in SCZ that need to be addressed in future experimental and clinical studies to elucidate the exact nature of the disturbances of interoceptive abilities in modalities other than cardioception; the interactions between different interoceptive modalities; the association between interoceptive abilities and other mental functions (such as emotion recognition and regulation, decision making, learning, memory, etc.); the efficacy of nonpharmacological and pharmacological INTC-based interventions; and the relation of disturbed interoceptive abilities with brain structure and function.
Ostracism Experiences Are Associated With More Frequent Doctor Visits Over Time
Authors: Büttner Christiane M. , Lalot Fanny , Rudert Selma C. , Greifeneder Rainer
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Background: Individuals generally see doctors to get physically well, with potential benefits but also costs. We investigate ostracism (feeling ignored and excluded) as one possible factor for frequently seeing doctors. Aims: We test three different conceptual accounts: (1) Ostracism may impact health through stress and social pain processes (i.e., sickness account). (2) Seeing doctors may satisfy psychological needs that are typically threatened by ostracism, constituting a way of coping (i.e., coping account). (3) In the reverse direction, individuals who see doctors more frequently may be ostracized out of health stigmatization (i.e., stigmatization account). Method. Ostracism experiences, number of doctor visits, and medical diagnoses were assessed in a longitudinal, nationally representative panel survey of German adults ( N = 2,001, two waves). Results: In cross-lagged panel analyses, ostracism predicts more frequent doctor visits 3 years later, even when controlling for medical diagnoses, suggesting doctor visits as a way of coping with ostracism. Number of medical diagnoses, but not doctor visits, longitudinally predict ostracism reports, potentially as an expression of health stigmatization. Limitations: The present results have been accrued in one context (Germany). We used retrospective recall of doctor visits, although we do not expect systematic recall biases based on ostracism experiences that could have altered the results. Conclusion: Ostracism leads to more frequent health care utilization. We conclude that seeing doctors more frequently may be a response to ostracism and call for efforts to develop ostracism-specific treatments and interventions.
A Lagrangian Model‐Based Analysis of Protist Plankton Variability and Its Impact on Organic Matter Dynamics Along Transit Pathways Through the Fram Strait
Authors: Lampe Vanessa , Hunter Aidan , Ward Ben Andrew , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Engel Anja , Ellingsen Ingrid Helene , Schartau Markus
Published: October 2024

The Arctic Ocean is characterized by substantial seasonal and inter‐annual variability, of which the sources and impacts are not yet fully understood. Here, we analyze how much of the variability found in in situ observations of biogeochemical and ecological variables collected at the Long‐Term Ecological Research Observatory HAUSGARTEN can be explained by differences in the physical conditions in the water masses passing through the Fram Strait (FS). Employing a size‐based plankton ecosystem model with nine distinct size classes of protist phyto‐ and zooplankton, we simulate standing stocks and fluxes within the nutrient, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus pools in water parcels that follow trajectories tracing the opposing East‐Greenland and West‐Spitsbergen currents through the FS. Our model results agree with in situ observations of biogeochemical tracers, plankton size measurements, climatological data, and remote sensing observations. They show distinct temporal developments in plankton size composition, growth, and export in trajectory ensembles, highlighting how variable physical conditions affect the communities' specific growth histories. Our study indicates that 10%–72% of the variability in upper water column tracer concentrations observed in the FS can be attributed to differences in water parcel trajectories. The maxima of net primary production and vertical export along the trajectories occurred in some (spatial and temporal) distance upstream of the sites of in situ sampling. This study shows that Lagrangian modeling helps clarify complex biogeochemical‐ecological relationships in highly dynamic systems such as the FS, which is urgently needed to understand the role of climate change in the Arctic carbon cycle.
Development of quality indicators for hypertension management at the primary health care level in South Africa
Authors: Rampamba Enos Muisaphanda , Meyer Johanna Catharina , Godman Brian , Ndwamato Ntodeni Norah , Campbell Stephen Mark.
Published: October 2024

Despite many quality initiatives at the primary health care (PHC) level, little is known about the actual quality of care of patients diagnosed with hypertension in South Africa. This study aimed to develop quality indicators for hypertension management at the PHC level to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, comprising two rounds, was used to develop clear, appropriate, and feasible evidence-based quality indicators for hypertension. In Round 1, a 9-point scale was used by a panel of 11 members to rate clarity and appropriateness of 102 hypertension quality indicator statements, grouped under 9 dimensions of quality hypertension management, using an online MS Excel® spreadsheet. In Round 2, 9 of the same panellists discussed all indicators and rated their appropriateness and feasibility during a remote online, interactive face-to-face MS Teams® meeting. Statements rated ≥7–9 with agreement were defined as either appropriate or feasible. The panel rated 46 hypertension quality indicator statements ≥7–9 with agreement for the appropriate and feasible measurement of the management of hypertension: monitoring (n = 16), review (n = 5), lifestyle advice (n = 9), tests (n = 7), intermediate outcomes (n = 6), referrals (n = 2) and practice/facility structures (n = 1). No indicator statements were rated both appropriate and feasible for measuring blood pressure levels and treatment. If applied, these indicators would improve monitoring and management of patients with hypertension, patient outcomes, and data quality in South Africa and result in more efficient use of scarce resources. This study can be replicable for improving care of other non-communicable diseases across Africa.
Imaging magnetic transition of magnetite to megabar pressures using quantum sensors in diamond anvil cell
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Wang Yu , Liu Zhixian , Xu Ganyu , Yang Bo , Yu Pei , Sun Haoyu , Ye Xiangyu , Zhou Jingwei , Goncharov Alexander F. , Wang Ya , Du Jiangfeng
Published: October 2024

High-pressure diamond anvil cells have been widely used to create novel states of matter. Nevertheless, the lack of universal in-situ magnetic measurement techniques at megabar pressures makes it difficult to understand the underlying physics of materials’ behavior at extreme conditions, such as high-temperature superconductivity of hydrides and the formation or destruction of the local magnetic moments in magnetic systems. Here, we break through the limitations of pressure on quantum sensors by modulating the uniaxial stress along the nitrogen-vacancy axis and develop the in-situ magnetic detection technique at megabar pressures with high sensitivity ($$\sim 1{{{\rm{\mu }}}}{{{\rm{T}}}}/\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$
~
1
μ
T
/

Hz

) and sub-microscale spatial resolution. By directly imaging the magnetic field and the evolution of magnetic domains, we observe the macroscopic magnetic transition of Fe3O4 in the megabar pressure range from ferrimagnetic (α-Fe3O4) to weak ferromagnetic (β-Fe3O4) and finally to paramagnetic (γ-Fe3O4). The scenarios for magnetic changes in Fe3O4 characterized here shed light on the direct magnetic microstructure observation in bulk materials at high pressure and contribute to understanding magnetism evolution in the presence of numerous complex factors such as spin crossover, altered magnetic interactions and structural phase transitions.
Validation study of risk-reduction activities after personalized breast cancer education tool in the WISDOM study
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Che Mandy , Huilgol Yash S. , Keane Holly , Goodman Deborah , Soonavala Rashna , Ozanne Elissa , Shieh Yiwey , Belkora Jeffrey K. , Fiscalini Allison Stover ,   Athena Breast Health Network Investigators and Advocate Partners, Esserman Laura , van ‘t Veer Laura , Hiatt Robert , Tice Jeff , Ziv Elad , Blanco Amie , Tong Barry , Ross Katherine , Fiscalini Allison , Scheuner-Purcell Maren , Badal Kimberly , Rhoads Kim , Kaplan Celia , Yau Christina , Soonavala Rashna , Leggat-Barr Katherine , Lewis Tomiyuri , Choy Patricia , Goodman Steffanie , Sabacan Leah , Wimmer Kenneth , Adduci Kelly , Flores Stephanie , Firouzian Roxanna , Acerbi Irene , Naeim Arash , Wenger Neil , Thompson Carlie , Petruse Antonia , Stanton Annette , Borowsky Alexander , Stewart Skye , Howell Lydia , Anton-Culver Hoda , Park Hannah Lui , Goodman Deborah , Madlensky Lisa , LaCroix Andrea , Parker Barbara , Layton Tracy , Hogarth Michael , Hartman Sheri , DeRosa Diana , Pierce John , Kaster Andrea , Wernisch Jan , Olopade Olufunmilayo , Lancaster Rachael , Esserman James , Eklund Martin , Shieh Yiwey , Sepucha Karen , Lee Vivian , Heditsian Diane , Brain Susie , Morehead Dolores , Esserman Laura J.
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer risk reduction strategies have been well-validated, but barriers remain for high-risk individuals to adopt them. We performed a study among participants with high risk of breast cancer to validate whether a virtual breast health decision tool impacted a participant’s willingness to start risk-reducing activities, identify barriers to adopting these strategies, and understand if it affects breast cancer anxiety. The study sample was 318 participants in the personalized (investigational) arm of the Women Informed to Screen Depending on Measures of risk (WISDOM) clinical trial. After reviewing the tool, these participants completed a feedback survey. We demonstrated that 15 (4.7%) women were taking endocrine risk reduction, 123 (38.7%) were reducing alcohol intake, and 199 (62.6%) were exercising. In the three-month follow-up survey of 109 respondents, only 8 of 61 (13.1%) women who considered endocrine risk reduction pursued it. In contrast, 11 of 16 (68%) participants who considered alcohol reduction pursued the activity, and 14 of 24 (58%) women who considered exercise followed through. Participants listed fear of side effects as the most common barrier to endocrine risk reduction. We also present further steps to be taken to improve the effectiveness of the Breast Health Decisions tool.
Extending the computational reach of a superconducting qutrit processor
Authors: Goss Noah , Ferracin Samuele , Hashim Akel , Carignan-Dugas Arnaud , Kreikebaum John Mark , Naik Ravi K. , Santiago David I. , Siddiqi Irfan
Published: October 2024

Quantum computing with qudits is an emerging approach that exploits a larger, more connected computational space, providing advantages for many applications, including quantum simulation and quantum error correction. Nonetheless, qudits are typically afflicted by more complex errors and suffer greater noise sensitivity which renders their scaling difficult. In this work, we introduce techniques to tailor arbitrary qudit Markovian noise to stochastic Weyl–Heisenberg channels and mitigate noise that commutes with our Clifford and universal two-qudit gate in generic qudit circuits. We experimentally demonstrate these methods on a superconducting transmon qutrit processor, and benchmark their effectiveness for multipartite qutrit entanglement and random circuit sampling, obtaining up to 3× improvement in our results. To the best of our knowledge, this constitutes the first-ever error mitigation experiment performed on qutrits. Our work shows that despite the intrinsic complexity of manipulating higher-dimensional quantum systems, noise tailoring and error mitigation can significantly extend the computational reach of today’s qudit processors.
A soccer-based intervention improves incarcerated individuals’ behaviour and public acceptance through group bonding
Authors: Newson Martha , Peitz Linus , Cunliffe Jack , Whitehouse Harvey
Published: October 2024

As incarceration rates rise globally, the need to reduce re-offending grows increasingly urgent. We investigate whether positive group bonds can improve behaviours among incarcerated people via a unique soccer-based prison intervention, the Twinning Project. We analyse effects of participation compared to a control group (study 1, n = 676, n = 1,874 control cases) and longitudinal patterns of social cohesion underlying these effects (study 2, n = 388) in the United Kingdom. We also explore desistance from crime after release (study 3, n = 249) in the United Kingdom and the United States. As law-abiding behaviour also requires a supportive receiving community, we assessed factors influencing willingness to employ formerly incarcerated people in online samples in the United Kingdom and the United States (studies 4–9, n = 1,797). Results indicate that social bonding relates to both improved behaviour within prison and increased willingness of receiving communities to support re-integration efforts. Harnessing the power of group identities both within prison and receiving communities can help to address the global incarceration crisis.
Strain regulation retards natural operation decay of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shen Yunxiu , Zhang Tiankai , Xu Guiying , Steele Julian A. , Chen Xiankai , Chen Weijie , Zheng Guanhaojie , Li Jiajia , Guo Boyu , Yang Heyi , Wu Yeyong , Lin Xia , Alshahrani Thamraa , Yin Wanjian , Zhu Jian , Wang Feng , Amassian Aram , Gao Xingyu , Zhang Xiaohong , Gao Feng , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: October 2024

Perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) have undergone rapid development in the past decade. However, there is still a lack of systematic studies investigating whether the empirical rules of working lifetime assessment used for silicon solar cells can be applied to pero-SCs. It is believed that pero-SCs show enhanced stability under day/night cycling owing to the reported self-healing effect in the dark1,2. Here we find that the degradation of highly efficient FAPbI3 pero-SCs is much faster under a natural day/night cycling mode, bringing into question the widely accepted approach to estimate the operational lifetime of pero-SCs based on continuous-mode testing. We reveal the key factor to be the lattice strain caused by thermal expansion and shrinking of the perovskite during operation, an effect that gradually relaxes under the continuous-illumination mode but cycles synchronously under the cycling mode3,4. The periodic lattice strain under the cycling mode results in deep trap accumulation and chemical degradation during operation, decreasing the ion-migration potential and hence the device lifetime5. We introduce phenylselenenyl chloride to regulate the perovskite lattice strain during day/night cycling, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.3 per cent and a 10-fold improvement in the time required to reach 80% of peak efficiency (T80) under the cycling mode after the modification.
Forecasting urban water demand using different hybrid-based metaheuristic algorithms’ inspire for extracting artificial neural network hyperparameters
Authors: Zubaidi Salah L. , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Alattabi Ali W. , Ridha Hussein Mohammed , Hashim Khalid , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: October 2024

This research offers a novel methodology for quantifying water needs by assessing weather variables, applying a combination of data preprocessing approaches, and an artificial neural network (ANN) that integrates using a genetic algorithm enabled particle swarm optimisation (PSOGA) algorithm. The PSOGA performance was compared with different hybrid-based metaheuristic algorithms’ behaviour, modified PSO, and PSO as benchmarking techniques. Based on the findings, it is possible to enhance the standard of initial data and select optimal predictions that drive urban water demand through effective data processing. Each model performed adequately in simulating the fundamental dynamics of monthly urban water demand as it relates to meteorological variables, proving that they were all successful. Statistical fitness measures showed that PSOGA-ANN outperformed competing algorithms.
Time series analysis of comprehensive maternal deaths in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cambou Mary Catherine , David Hollie , Moucheraud Corrina , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Comulada Warren Scott , Macinko James
Published: October 2024

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on comprehensive maternal deaths in Brazil have not been fully explored. Using publicly available data from the Brazilian Mortality Information (SIM) and Information System on Live Births (SINASC) databases, we used two complementary forecasting models to predict estimates of maternal mortality ratios using maternal deaths (MMR) and comprehensive maternal deaths (MMRc) in the years 2020 and 2021 based on data from 2008 to 2019. We calculated national and regional standardized mortality ratio estimates for maternal deaths (SMR) and comprehensive maternal deaths (SMRc) for 2020 and 2021. The observed MMRc in 2021 was more than double the predicted MMRc based on the Holt-Winters and autoregressive integrated moving average models (127.12 versus 60.89 and 59.12 per 100,000 live births, respectively). We found persisting sub-national variation in comprehensive maternal mortality: SMRc ranged from 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64, 1.86) in the Northeast to 2.70 (95% CI 2.45, 2.96) in the South in 2021. The observed national estimates for comprehensive maternal deaths in 2021 were the highest in Brazil in the past three decades. Increased resources for prenatal care, maternal health, and postpartum care may be needed to reverse the national trend in comprehensive maternal deaths.
Improving treatment of people with gastro-esophageal reflux disease refractory to proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Labenz Joachim , Schoppmann Sebastian F.
Published: October 2024

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the main treatment recommended and used for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, they fail to control symptoms in a substantial proportion of patients who have PPI-refractory GERD, which is defined as persistent symptoms attributable to objective findings of gastro-esophageal reflux. There remains a lack of dedicated guidelines to direct the management of these patients, some of whom could benefit greatly from surgical treatment. Too often patients remain long-term on ineffective treatment or stop treatment with lack of active review often resulting in their dissatisfaction going unnoticed. Also, concerns over efficacy and side effects of surgical procedures can be off-putting for both patients and physicians. It has been suggested that response to PPIs is predictive of surgical outcome. In this Perspective article we instead recommend that the key determinant should be whether symptoms are caused by GERD. We also discuss the traditional and newer surgical treatment options for people with PPI-refractory GERD.
Epigenetic regulation by polycomb repressive complex 1 promotes cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Pham Van-Cuong , Rödel Claudia Jasmin , Valentino Mariaelena , Malinverno Matteo , Paolini Alessio , Münch Juliane , Pasquier Candice , Onyeogaziri Favour C , Lazovic Bojana , Girard Romuald , Koskimäki Janne , Hußmann Melina , Keith Benjamin , Jachimowicz Daniel , Kohl Franziska , Hagelkruys Astrid , Penninger Josef M , Schulte-Merker Stefan , Awad Issam A , Hicks Ryan , Magnusson Peetra U , Faurobert Eva , Pagani Massimiliano , Abdelilah-Seyfried Salim
Published: October 2024

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are anomalies of the cerebral vasculature. Loss of the CCM proteins CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, or CCM3/PDCD10 trigger a MAPK-Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) signaling cascade, which induces a pathophysiological pattern of gene expression. The downstream target genes that are activated by KLF2 are mostly unknown. Here we show that Chromobox Protein Homolog 7 (CBX7), component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, contributes to pathophysiological KLF2 signaling during zebrafish cardiovascular development. CBX7/cbx7a mRNA is strongly upregulated in lesions of CCM patients, and in human, mouse, and zebrafish CCM-deficient endothelial cells. The silencing or pharmacological inhibition of CBX7/Cbx7a suppresses pathological CCM phenotypes in ccm2 zebrafish, CCM2-deficient HUVECs, and in a pre-clinical murine CCM3 disease model. Whole-transcriptome datasets from zebrafish cardiovascular tissues and human endothelial cells reveal a role of CBX7/Cbx7a in the activation of KLF2 target genes including TEK, ANGPT1, WNT9, and endoMT-associated genes. Our findings uncover an intricate interplay in the regulation of Klf2-dependent biomechanical signaling by CBX7 in CCM. This work also provides insights for therapeutic strategies in the pathogenesis of CCM.
Imaging specific proteins in living cells with small unnatural amino acid attached Raman reporters
Authors: Cai Erli , Chen Yage , Zhang Jing , Li Haozheng , Li Yiran , Yan Shuai , He Zhiyong , Yuan Quan , Wang Ping
Published: October 2024

For living HeLa cells, we report a small and minimally-invasive Raman reporter (about 2 aa and <1 kDa), which can be site-specifically introduced into proteins by genetic codon expansion combined with tetrazine ligation.
Double-edged effects of electrolyte additive on interfacial stability in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lee Hyuntae , Doh Junyoung , Lee Soyeon , Sung Dohyun , Kim Hang , Chae Sujong , Lee Hongkyung
Published: October 2024

This work reveals the ‘double-edged’ roles of additives in high-concentration electrolytes, forming ’Goldilocks-balanced’ solid electrolyte interphases for fast-rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Asymmetric electron occupation of transition metals for the oxygen evolution reaction via a ligand–metal synergistic strategy
Authors: Wang Pai , Li Kunyu , Wu Tongwei , Ji Wei , Zhang Yanning
Published: October 2024

The performance of 2D transition-metal (oxy)hydroxides (TMOOHs) for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and their large-scale practical applications are severely limited by the sluggish kinetics of the four-electron OER process.
Exploring porous structures without crystals: advancements with pair distribution function in metal- and covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Romero-Muñiz Ignacio , Loukopoulos Edward , Xiong Ying , Zamora Félix , Platero-Prats Ana E.
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the importance of pair distribution function (PDF) analysis in revealing molecular interactions, structural transformations, and nucleation mechanisms in metal- and covalent organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs).
Artificial intelligence-enabled optimization of battery-grade lithium carbonate production
Authors: Mousavi Masouleh S. Shayan , Sanz Corey A. , Jansonius Ryan P. , Shi Samuel , Gendron Romero Maria J. , Hein Jason E. , Hattrick-Simpers Jason
Published: October 2024

Employing AI to optimize the production of battery-grade lithium carbonate through a CO2-driven process, enhancing efficiency and reducing environmental impact of industrial Li production.
Correction: A smile is all you need: predicting limiting activity coefficients from SMILES with natural language processing
Authors: Winter Benedikt , Winter Clemens , Schilling Johannes , Bardow André
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘A smile is all you need: predicting limiting activity coefficients from SMILES with natural language processing’ by Benedikt Winter et al., Digital Discovery, 2022, 1, 859–869, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DD00058J.
Combination of ozonation with GAC, AIX and biochar post-treatment for removal of pharmaceuticals and transformation products from municipal WWTP effluent
Authors: Fakioglu Malhun , Golovko Oksana , Baresel Christian , Ahrens Lutz , Ozturk Izzet
Published: October 2024

Pharmaceuticals, transformation products, by-products and conventional parameters were monitored throughout the continous system.
Compact lens-free imager using a thin-film transistor for long-term quantitative monitoring of stem cell culture and cardiomyocyte production
Authors: Kakizuka Taishi , Natsume Tohru , Nagai Takeharu
Published: October 2024

A novel compact lens-free imager achieved high-throughput long-term monitoring within an incubator, demonstrating the quantification of the confluency of human iPS cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cardiomyocyte beating dynamics.
Real-time impedance-activated dielectrophoretic actuation for reconfigurable manipulation of single flowing particles
Authors: Lefevre Alexis , Brandi Cristian , De Ninno Adele , Ruggiero Filippo , Verona Enrico , Gauthier Michaël , Bisegna Paolo , Bolopion Aude , Caselli Federica
Published: October 2024

We present an original all-electrical platform that combines MIC-sensing and DEP-actuation for precise and selective trajectory control of single flowing particles.
Correction: An amorphous Cr2Ge2Te6/polyimide double-layer foil with an extraordinarily outstanding strain sensing ability
Authors: Wang Yinli , Shuang Yi , Kim Mihyeon , Ando Daisuke , Narita Fumio , Sutou Yuji
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘An amorphous Cr2Ge2Te6/polyimide double-layer foil with an extraordinarily outstanding strain sensing ability’ by Yinli Wang et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh00616j.
Lipidomics in forensic science: a comprehensive review of applications in drugs, alcohol, latent fingermarks, fire debris, and seafood authentication
Authors: Liu Pingyang , Liu Zhanfang , Zhou Hong , Zhu Jun , Sun Zhenwen , Zhang Guannan , Liu Yao
Published: October 2024

Lipidomics in forensic science: a comprehensive review of applications in forensic toxicology, forensic pathology, forensic geology, and trace evidence analysis.
Multifunctional core–shell CaSnO3@N-doped carbon coaxial nanocables with excellent lithium storage performance and efficient microwave absorption
Authors: Li Xiaoqiang , Guan Guangguang , Tong Siyi , Chen Xin , Zhang Kaiyin , Xiang Jun
Published: October 2024

It is highly desirable but challenging to design multi-functional materials for energy storage and electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption.
An efficient approach to AviCys analogues via regio- and stereoselective hydrosulfuration of ynamides
Authors: Zhang Zhenjia , Ding Zhe , Yang Jinhua , Zhao Yongli , Zhao Zhenguang , Liu Can , Metanis Norman , Zhao Junfeng
Published: October 2024

A novel synthetic strategy for the construction of AviCys analogues via a highly efficient regio- and stereoselective hydrosulfuration of ynamides was reported.
Realization of Mg2+ intercalation in a thermodynamically stable layer-structured oxide
Authors: Zhang Junhao , Guan Haotian , Yue Jili , Lu Yangfan , Li Qian , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Qu Baihua , Pan Fusheng
Published: October 2024

Magnesium batteries have emerged as one of the considerable choices for next-generation batteries.
A self‐regulated shielding layer induced by an electrolyte additive for alkaline Al–air batteries
Authors: Guo Lei , Huang Yongbiao , Ritacco Ida , Zhang Renhui , Chang Jun , Al-Sadoon Mohammad K. , Chen Peng , Makin Adam Amir Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

The EDTA-2Na additive can be efficiently adsorbed onto the Al electrode surface to provide a shielding layer. This decreased the occurrence of hydrogen evolution side reactions and improved the battery performance.
Immobilization of cationic dye on photoluminescent hydroxyapatite particles through a citric acid bonding layer
Authors: Noda Daichi , Shi Wanyu , Yamada Aiga , Liu Zizhen , Tagaya Motohiro
Published: October 2024

Promotion of the immobilization of cationic porphyrin on Eu(iii) ion-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles through citric acid as the bonding layer was achieved.
Reactivities of tertiary phosphines towards allenic, acetylenic, and vinylic Michael acceptors
Authors: An Feng , Brossette Jan , Jangra Harish , Wei Yin , Shi Min , Zipse Hendrik , Ofial Armin R.
Published: October 2024

Combined experimental and quantum-chemical studies were used to characterise the philicity/fugality features of tertiary phosphines and Michael acceptors in phospha-Michael reactions, which are key steps in phosphine-catalysed organic reactions.
Emergence of carbon dots as luminescent solar concentrators for building integrated photovoltaics
Authors: Mandal Tuhin , Mishra Shiv Rag , Kumar Manish , Singh Vikram
Published: October 2024

Fluorescent carbon dot-integrated luminescent solar concentrator systems for building-integrated photovoltaic technology are transparent devices that concentrate solar energy to generate electricity.
Progress of research on purification of CH4 from a CH4/CO2/N2 mixture by pressure swing adsorption
Authors: Li Shuohao , Wu Nuojie , Gong Yuqing , Wang Liang
Published: October 2024

This review primarily addresses the types of adsorbents, molecular simulation, and process optimization involved in the purification of CH4 by variable pressure adsorption.
Novel CO2-philic porous organic polymers synthesized in water: a leap towards eco-sustainability
Authors: Mobili Riccardo , Wu Yue , Bezuidenhout Charl Xavier , La Cognata Sonia , Bracco Silvia , Carta Mariolino , Amendola Valeria
Published: October 2024

β-Keto-enamine POPs, synthesized in water at relatively low temperatures, without catalysts, and using common glassware, exhibit a competitive adsorption capacity and high selectivity for CO2 over N2 at 298 K (1 bar).
Non-porous two-dimensional conducting metal–organic frameworks with enhanced capacitance
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yang Chongqing , Fu Xiaobin , Yang Yilong , Huang Senhe , Hou Junbo , Yang Min , Su Yuezeng , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

Two pyrazine-MOFs with AB-stacked geometry, which block pore channels, were synthesized to enhance capacitive performance without in-channel mass transport.
Excellent low-field energy storage properties and high density achieved in Bi0.48Na0.48Ba0.04TiO3-based oxide ceramics via interposing (Na0.97Bi0.01)+/Ta5+ at A/B sites
Authors: Du Jiwei , Shi Tianhui , Feng Qin , Jia Ronghao , Hu Jianan , Yuan Changlai , Wang Xinpeng , Chen Xiyong , Luo Nengneng , Zhai Jiwei
Published: October 2024

Local phase coexistence was constructed under the synergistic effect of vacancy defect and large band gap element doping, which causes low hysteresis with excellent high energy density at low electric fields (LEFs).
Ultralong room temperature phosphorescence in Cd-MOFs regulated by the multimode coordination configuration of niacin ligand
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Chen-Qi , Zhu Jia-Yu , Chen Xin-Qi , Li Meng-Yang , Wang Dan
Published: October 2024

Niacin ligands adopted different coordination models to form three Cd-MOFs with ultralong room temperature phosphorescence and long persistent luminescence.
Hydrophilic carbon quantum dots assisting porous P(VDF–HFP) film for self-powered humidity sensing with high sensitivity and low hysteresis
Authors: Huang Ping , Xu Shunjian , Liu Lei , Fu Kai , Fu Haiyan , Shao Kaixin , Huang Qi , Xiao Zonghu , Huang Jianhua , Jin Hong
Published: October 2024

Hydrophilic carbon quantum dots assisted porous P(VDF–HFP) film for self-powered humidity sensing with high sensitivity and low hysteresis.
Mixed-dimensional vertical Bi2O2Se nanopillars/Si heterojunctions with the light confinement effect for high-performance photodetection
Authors: Shao Zhibin , Wu Ming , Wu Kai , Hong Xingxing , Wang Lei , Gong Jiangfeng , Xu Meng , Li Ke , Zhang Cheng , Wang Hong
Published: October 2024

Novel mixed-dimensional vertical 1D Bi2O2Se nanopillars/3D Si heterojunctions with the light confinement effect were prepared via magnetron sputtering for high-performance photodetection.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Nandra K. , Waddell S. G. H. , Liu T. , Buchner J. , Dwelly T. , Salvato M. , Shen Y. , Wu Q. , Arcodia R. , Boller Th. , Brunner H. , Brusa M. , Collmar W. , Comparat J. , Georgakakis A. , Grau M. , Hämmerich S. , Ibarra-Medel H. , Igo Z. , Krumpe M. , Lamer G. , Merloni A. , Musiimenta B. , Wolf J. , Assef R. J. , Bauer F. E. , Brandt W. N. , Rix H.-W.
Published: October 2024

Context. During its calibration and performance verification phase, the eROSITA instrument aboard the Spectrum-RG satellite performed a uniform wide-area X-ray survey of approximately 140 deg2, known as the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS).

Aims. The primary aim of eFEDS is to demonstrate the scientific performance to be expected at the end of the eight–pass eROSITA all-sky survey. This survey will provide the first focussed image of the whole sky in the hard X-ray (>2 keV) bandpass. The expected source population in this energy range is thus of great interest, particularly for AGN studies.

Methods. We used a 2.3–5 keV selection to construct a sample of 246 point-like hard X-ray sources for further study and characterisation. These sources are classified as either extragalactic (∼90%) or Galactic (∼10%), with the former consisting overwhelmingly of AGN and the latter active stars. We concentrated our further analysis on the extragalactic AGN sample, describing their X-ray and multi-wavelength properties and comparing them to the eFEDS main AGN sample selected in the softer 0.2–2.3 keV band.

Results. The eROSITA hard band selects a subsample of sources that is a factor of more than ten brighter than the eFEDS main sample. The AGN within the hard population reach up to z = 3.2 but on the whole, they are relatively nearby, with median z = 0.34 compared to z = 0.94 for the main sample. The hard survey probes typical luminosities in the range log LX = 43–46. The X-ray spectral analysis shows significant intrinsic absorption (with log NH > 21) in ~20% of the sources, with a hard X-ray power law continuum with mean < Γ >= 1.83 ± 0.04, which is typical of AGN, but slightly harder than the soft-selected eROSITA sample. Around 10% of the hard sample show a significant ‘soft excess’ component. The sampled black hole mass distribution in the eFEDS broad-line AGN population is consistent with that of the deeper COSMOS survey that probes a higher redshift population. On the other hand, the Eddington ratios appear systematically lower, which is consistent with the idea that the decline in SMBH activity since z ∼ 1 is due to a reduction in the typical accretion rate, rather than a shift towards activity in lower-mass black holes.

Conclusions. The eFEDS hard sample provides a preview of what can be expected from the eRASS final survey in terms of data quality. This pilot survey indicates the power of eROSITA to shed new light on the demographics and evolution of AGN, and the potential for discovery of new and rare populations.
Experimental studies of plasma-thermal waste disposal
Authors: Domarov Pavel , Anshakov Anatolei
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of computational and experimental studies of plasma gasification of technogenic carbon- containing waste in order to obtain flammable (high-calorie) synthesis gas (H2+CO) for energy-generating devices. Experimental results of the fuel composition obtained in the process of gasification of organic waste are presented. The change in the composition of fuel gas depending on the time of gasification of organic waste was studied.
The effect of porous coatings obtained by various methods on heat transfer and crisis phenomena during nitrogen boiling including non-stationary heating and cooling
Authors: Kuznetsov Denis , Pavlenko Aleksndr
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the main results of experimental investigation of the influence of porous coatings obtained by various methods on heat transfer and crisis phenomena during nitrogen boiling, including unsteady heating and cooling regimes. Modification of heater surfaces was carried out by the methods of directed plasma spraying, additive 3D printing and micro-arc oxidation. For all types of porous coatings, a significant intensification of heat transfer at atmospheric pressure relative to smooth heaters was obtained (maximum degree of heat transfer increase up to 6 times). The mechanisms playing a determining role in the process of heat transfer coefficients increase are suggested. The essential influence of structured capillary-porous bronze coatings on the dynamics of transient processes and development of crisis phenomena of non-stationary processes is shown, leading to degeneration of the heat transfer crisis at pulse supply of heat load and significantly reducing the time of complete cooling of the heater in the process of rewetting.
Study of a-Si/Al thickness on aluminum-induced crystallization
Authors: Merkulova Irina
Published: October 2024

In this work, the effect of the a-Si/Al ratio on the poly-Si obtained as a result of aluminium-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon a-Si at an annealing temperature of 490 °C has been studied. The dendritic shape of the resulting crystal structures suggests a growth model described by diffusion-limited aggregation. The degree of coverage is slightly dependent on the initial ratio of amorphous silicon to aluminium and ranges from 15% to 25%. This is probably explained by the higher rate of secondary crystallization in the upper layer compared to the lower layer. The maximum average crystallite size is reached at a ratio of 0.9 and is 2.7 µm.
Active	control	study	in	a	flow	in	a	model combustion chamber with LES
Authors: Palkin Egor , Kundashkin Alexander , Hrebtov Mikhail , Mullyadzhanov Rustam
Published: October 2024

We conducted the mesh convergence study for an isothermal incompressible air flow in a model combustion chamber with Turbomeca swirler of
D = 37 mm using Large-eddy simulations (LES). Simulation were conducted using 4 different meshes ranging from 4 to 24 × 106 cells at the Reynolds number Re = 15 632 with additional air injection of 4.4 % of the main volumetric flow rate from an circular slot. The results revealed that high spanwise slot resolution in the vicinity of the slot is crucial, particularly, for achieving convergence of radial velocity pulsations. Additionally, we analyzed the pressure signal and its spectral characteristics to demonstrate the effectiveness of the circular slot injection in reducing pressure pulsations associated with the precessing vortex core (PVC).