bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pedagogical Conditions for Reflexive Culture Improvement of Future Teachers
Authors: Aliya Belegova , Bulakbayeva M. , Barangulov E. , Kenjan A. , Koshimbetova S. , Gulmira Tussupbekova
Published: October 2020

Changes in the socio-political and economic guidelines of modern society have led to the advancement of new requirements for a university graduate to his preparedness level. A market economy with the fierce competition requires specialists who are sensitive to creative work, highly professional, mobile, capable of finding and implementing new, effective forms of organizing their activities.
The research problem is to search for pedagogical conditions that ensure the formation of professional-pedagogical reflection in future teachers in the process of studying at a university.
The purpose of the research is to identify the level of developed skills in reflexive culture and experimentally prove the pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional-pedagogical reflection of the students of the educational faculties and enhance future teacher reflexive culture, especially of the teacher of physical training.
Drawing on educational practices at the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (KAZNPU) further, this paper presents the results of the future teacher reflexive culture (RC) enhancement process. It presents various content-based approach models-including those that have been developed at the KAZNPU and, examines the decision-making process of future teacher reflexive culture enhancement for a particular educational setting.
This research comes to the conclusion that during the development of future teachers’ reflexive culture, it is necessary to use the set of methodological tools supporting the educational process.
Future Pedagogy Teachers Readiness Formation in Dual-Oriented Education
Authors: Elmira Aitenova , Leskul Ibraimova , Alua Smanova , Malik Sultanbek , Zhambyl Beknazarov , Laura Shalabayeva
Published: October 2020

The socio-economic development of society puts forward new requirements for the teacher of training: he must be competent, educated, informed, have developed thinking. The professionalism of future teachers of training is of priority importance, and its formation is a necessary condition for the intensification of education.
The scientific search for a solution to the problem of the formation of professionalism among future teachers of training is aimed at resolving the contradictions between:
- the need of society for training specialists with a high level of professionalism and an insufficient level of their professional training; the need for personnel with a high> level of professionalism, and the undeveloped process of forming the professionalism of teachers of training at a university; the practical need for the purposeful development of the professionalism of future teachers and the existing conditions for organizing their professional development in an engineering and pedagogical university; the expediency of creating a developmental space and the existing traditional approach to the development of professionalism among future teachers of training at a university.
This research aims to analyze future pedagogy teachers' readiness formation in dual-oriented education.
It is possible to resolve these contradictions based on scientific support for the integration process of development and formation of the personality of the future teacher.
With regard to the topic of the research, we are talking about rethinking the goals and social essence of the training process.
In this paper, we have analyzed the training programmes offered to the teachers, surveying the effects and benefits of professional advancement on creating new knowledge and improving the quality of teaching. The survey results have verified the main hypothesis regarding the effect of professional readiness development in raising the quality of teaching, but they have not verified a completely auxiliary hypothesis that views (considers) as a mechanism to meet the professional development needs of teachers.
Estudo do risco ambiental atrelado ao armazenamento de veículos sobre o solo
Authors: Makara Cleyton Nascimento , Kummer Larissa , Del Monego Maurici Luzia Charnevski
Published: October 2020

Os veículos automotivos são uma potencial fonte de contaminação de solos por metais pesados, devido utilizarem baterias chumbo-ácidas e possuírem metais em sua carcaça e na pintura como pigmentos. Compreender as características de contaminação de metais pesados em solos e identificar a sua exposição ambiental fornecem informações importantes para a tomada de decisões para a remediação de solos contaminados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a contaminação por metais (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu e Cr) em 35 amostras de solo (fração < 2 mm). As amostras foram coletadas em dois depósitos de veículos apreendidos da Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF) sem impermeabilização, localizados em Araucária (AR) e Colombo (CL), região metropolitana de Curitiba – PR – Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios para determinação de carbono orgânico (CO) e pH. Para as análises de metais, as amostras foram preparadas conforme metodologia de digestão ácida EPA 3050-B e a leitura realizada por ICP-OES. Os resultados foram avaliados conforme a resolução CONAMA 420, índice de geoacumulação (Igeo), fator de contaminação (CF) e correlação de Pearson. A composição textural em AR e CL refletem elevada heterogeneidade e características químicas e físicas distintas. A região de AR apresentou maior teor de areia, pH mais ácido e concentração dos elementos analisados entre os valores de prevenção e investigação previsto na Resolução CONAMA 420/2009. CL demonstrou maior teor de argila e CO. CL apresentou pH menos ácido que em AR. Apenas um ponto coletado em CL apresentou concentração de Cu acima do valor de prevenção. O elemento Cd ficou abaixo do limite de detecção do método em AR e CL. A distribuição espacial de veículos associado à textura do solo e elementos analisados, demonstram uma distribuição superficial de elementos aleatória. O teor de CO, pH do solo e sua textura, associado ao Igeo, CF e correlação de Pearson, sugere que ambos os ambientes sofrem aporte de metais em pontos distintos. Fica evidente o aporte de metais pesados em depósito de veículos e do possível impacto antropogênico no solo.
Resistência natural da madeira tratada de Hevea brasiliensis em ensaios de deterioração de campo
Authors: Faria Douglas Lamounier , Eugenio Tony Matheus Carvalho , Cruz Thiago Moreira , Duarte Paulo Junio , Pereira Tamires Galvão Tavares , Mesquita Júnior Laércio , Faria Caik Elisio Tonelli , Mendes Lourival Marin , Guimarães Junior José Benedito
Published: October 2020

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a resistência natural da madeira de Hevea brasiliensis tratada com CCA, CCB e piretróide, em ensaios de deterioração de campo. Após 20 dias da aplicação dos preservantes, foi determinado o teor de extrativos totais, a massa específica básica, a porosidade e o potencial de resistência natural da madeira de Hevea brasiliensis. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos em dois ambientes: campo aberto, livre de vegetação rasteira e em floresta nativa. Periodicamente, a cada trinta dias, durante um ano, foram retirados seis corpos de prova por tratamento em cada ambiente estudado para determinação da massa seca residual. De acordo com os resultados, a madeira de Hevea brasiliensis apresentou um baixo teor de extrativos (<4%) e um baixo potencial de resistência natural. Apenas os tratamentos preservativos realizados com CCA e CCB apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas, sendo que no ambiente floresta as amostras apresentaram menor massa seca residual. O índice de deterioração no ambiente floresta chegou a 70% nas madeiras não tratadas e tratadas com piretróide e a 90% nas madeiras tratadas com CCA e CCB, indicando que o tratamento com esses dois últimos preservantes é eficaz para diminuir a deterioração da madeira de Hevea brasiliensis.
Análise do índice de saturação por sódio em latossolo vermelho fertirrigado com efluente de laticínios
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Tárcyo de Resende , Souza Jose Antônio Rodriguez de , Moreira Débora Astoni , Oliveira Walisson Marques , Silva Éllen Lemes , Rezende Diego César Veloso , Ribeiro Wesley Anderson Siqueira
Published: October 2020

Objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o impacto que o sódio presente nos efluentes de laticínios podem acarretar na variação do índice de saturação por sódio (ISNa) em latossolo vermelho fertirrigado. Para se obter essas informações, montou-se um experimento formado por cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições plantados com capim Panicum maximum. Os tratamentos foram formados de acordo com as concentrações de sódio, fornecendo: 75; 150; 300 e 600 kg ha-1 de Na+; e um tratamento testemunha com água de irrigação. Amostras de solo foram coletas nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 90-100 cm para as análises.  Os cátions trocáveis foram obtidos através de fotometria de chamas e absorção atômica, os valores de ISNa foram obtidos por meio de cálculos que envolveram esses cátions. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os solos analisados podem receber efluente de laticínios com concentrações até 600 kg ha-1 sem sofrer sanilização siginficativa.
Diferenças fenológicas e produtivas de variedades de mangaba
Authors: Couto Charlismilã Amorim do , Vieira Muza do Carmo , Soza Eli Regina Barbosa de , Costa Rommel Bernardes da , Ximenes Paulo Alcanfor , Cunha Patrícia Pinheiro da
Published: October 2020

A mangabeira é uma espécie com potencial para domesticação e produção comercial, mas a grande variação encontrada nas plantas nativas requer maior conhecimento para direcionar o seu uso e exploração. Neste contexto, esse estudo busca analisar as variedades de Hancornia speciosa de um banco de germoplasma, quanto às características de fenologia, frutos, sementes e desenvolvimento inicial. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2018, no Banco de germoplasma da Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, com progênies de 28 populações nativas, com 14 anos, abrangendo as subespécies pubescens, gardneri, speciosa e cuyabensis. Os dados analisados foram de fenologia, caracterizando a folhação, floração, brotações novas e frutificação. Caracterização de frutos e sementes, além do desenvolvimento inicial de mudas. A floração foi à fase de maior diferenciação entre as variedades, sendo a speciosa com maior florescimento no período. As variedades cuyabensis e gardneri se mostraram próximas fenologicamente enquanto a pubescens mostrou ausência de floração e frutificação no período. As variedades cuyabensis e gardneri se mostraram próximas também quanto à caracterização dos frutos e sementes, enquanto speciosa foi a mais distante. Essa última apresentou maior diâmetro de frutos, além de maior número e massa de sementes. Quanto à massa de frutos as variedades cuyabensis e gardneri foram superiores. O desenvolvimento inicial foi distinto apenas para speciosa, que apresentou maior altura, diâmetro e número de par de folhas.
Water quality and prospects for revitalization of an urban stream in Recife, Brazil
Authors: Cometti José Luís Said , Cabral Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira , Conceição Taylse Marielly da
Published: October 2020

The urbanization of Recife characterized an occupation of the Capibaribe River banks and its tributaries. This caused the grounding, rectification and degradation of several streams. Thus, this paper presents a diagnosis of the Cavouco stream water quality and suggests measures for its restoration. The collections were performed between 2016 and 2017 in three sampling points. Analysis adopted the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater and calculated the Water Quality Index (WQI). A correlation test between the parameters was applied to understand the phenomenon. Actions to revitalize it followed the European Union Water Framework Directive. The WQI of the Cavouco stream had a good presentation in the small lake zone; it was poor in the Federal University (UFPE) region and awful in the Caxangá Avenue section.  Dissolved Oxygen (OD) concentration was negatively correlated with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), decreasing from upstream to downstream.  Water quality degradation is associated with untreated sewage discharge along the stream. The proposal to its recovery is to collect and treat domestic sewage, remove irregular housing, restore the riparian forest, control erosion, create linear parks and search for governance mechanisms with public participation. The proposed interventions are fundamental for the restoration of Cavouco's ecological potential, with improved water quality and reduced anthropogenic pressures.
Investir les journaux à l’ère industrielle. Fatalité ou opportunisme ? L’exemple de Berlioz (1830-1838)
Authors: Ramaut Alban
Published: October 2020

Cet article propose de revenir sur la place que Berlioz s’est donnée dans la critique musicale sous le régime de la monarchie de Juillet depuis le succès de laSymphonie fantastiquejusqu’au fiasco deBenvenuto Cellini(5 décembre 1830-10 septembre 1838). Comment, à l’aide de ses relations de milieu et d’opinion, il s’est introduit dans la presse et comment, par le réseau des journalistes romantiques, il a été engagé dans le combat esthétique du renouvellement artistique. Comment, par son dégoût de la médiocrité, il s’est créé des inimitiés redoutables, mais comment il s’est efforcé à ses dépens, entre le ton de la sincérité et celui des convenances, de rester libre au sein de l’engrenage des forces du pouvoir.
Representações Sociais da Beleza e da Saúde entre Mulheres com Obesidade
Authors: Pinto Lorena Santos , Polli Gislei Mocelin , Basso Bruna Carolin , Rezende Caroline Ferreira da Costa , Silva Gessica Pereira Neves da , Almeida Letícia Lacerda de , Antunes Maria Cristina
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as Representações Sociais (RS) da beleza e da saúde em um grupo de mulheres obesas que queriam emagrecer. Participaram desta pesquisa 15 mulheres maiores de 18 anos, com obesidade. Foi utilizada uma amostragem de conveniência, utilizando-se abordagem aleatória em uma Universidade particular de Curitiba e também utilizando-se a técnica de “Bola de neve”. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre as Representações Sociais da beleza e da saúde e as práticas de controle de peso adotadas e questionários autoaplicáveis para caracterização das participantes. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a Análise Temática Categorial. Observou-se que a mídias têm influência sobre o desejo de emagrecer e sobre as práticas adotadas para perder peso, assim como as RS de beleza tem associação com a magreza e com os cuidados estéticos. A principal influência para a busca do emagrecimento é o meio social e as relações sociais, seja com seus parceiros, família ou amigos, sendo que as RS das participantes em relação à saúde e a beleza se relacionam constantemente, gerando comportamentos representacionais.
Effectiveness of Three-Dimensional Multiple-Object Tracking in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Harenberg Sebastian , St. Onge Jennifer , Robinson Jill , Eguakun Omorowa , Feinstein Anthony , Dorsch Kim , Kakar Rumit Singh , Abdulhakim Raghig , Rehman Zia , Shawush Melad , Pillay Vinesh
Published: October 2020

Background:

Computerized cognitive training remains an attractive supplemental modality to enhance rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of the present study was to assess the usability of three-dimensional multiple-object tracking (3D-MOT) in patients with MS.

Methods:

In this pilot study, 16 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and nine age-matched controls participated in four 30-minute training sessions of 3D-MOT. Computerized neuropsychological tests, including driving readiness (ie, Useful Field of View) and cognitive function (ie, Stroop Color and Word Test, Paced Visual Serial Addition Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test) were conducted at baseline and at the conclusion of training.

Results:

Although scoring lower in 3D-MOT, the MS group improved their 3D-MOT scores in similar magnitude as the control group. The 3D-MOT training led to significant improvements in driving readiness in the MS group. Taken together, 3D-MOT training showed similar effectiveness in patients with MS as in age-matched controls.

Conclusions:

Training with 3D-MOT may be an accessible and remotely administrable supplement to cognitive rehabilitation protocols for patients with MS.
Evolution of multicellularity by collective integration of spatial information
Authors: Colizzi Enrico Sandro , Vroomans Renske MA , Merks Roeland MH
Published: October 2020

At the origin of multicellularity, cells may have evolved aggregation in response to predation, for functional specialisation or to allow large-scale integration of environmental cues. These group-level properties emerged from the interactions between cells in a group, and determined the selection pressures experienced by these cells. We investigate the evolution of multicellularity with an evolutionary model where cells search for resources by chemotaxis in a shallow, noisy gradient. Cells can evolve their adhesion to others in a periodically changing environment, where a cell’s fitness solely depends on its distance from the gradient source. We show that multicellular aggregates evolve because they perform chemotaxis more efficiently than single cells. Only when the environment changes too frequently, a unicellular state evolves which relies on cell dispersal. Both strategies prevent the invasion of the other through interference competition, creating evolutionary bi-stability. Therefore, collective behaviour can be an emergent selective driver for undifferentiated multicellularity.
Macrophages promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via MT1-MMP/TGFβ1 after myocardial infarction
Authors: Alonso-Herranz Laura , Sahún-Español Álvaro , Paredes Ana , Gonzalo Pilar , Gkontra Polyxeni , Núñez Vanessa , Clemente Cristina , Cedenilla Marta , Villalba-Orero María , Inserte Javier , García-Dorado David , Arroyo Alicia G , Ricote Mercedes
Published: October 2020

Macrophages (Mφs) produce factors that participate in cardiac repair and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI); however, how these factors crosstalk with other cell types mediating repair is not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that cardiac Mφs increased the expression of Mmp14 (MT1-MMP) 7 days post-MI. We selectively inactivated the Mmp14 gene in Mφs using a genetic strategy (Mmp14f/f:Lyz2-Cre). This conditional KO (MAC-Mmp14 KO) resulted in attenuated post-MI cardiac dysfunction, reduced fibrosis, and preserved cardiac capillary network. Mechanistically, we showed that MT1-MMP activates latent TGFβ1 in Mφs, leading to paracrine SMAD2-mediated signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Post-MI MAC-Mmp14 KO hearts contained fewer cells undergoing EndMT than their wild-type counterparts, and Mmp14-deficient Mφs showed a reduced ability to induce EndMT in co-cultures with ECs. Our results indicate the contribution of EndMT to cardiac fibrosis and adverse remodeling post-MI and identify Mφ MT1-MMP as a key regulator of this process.
Typical and atypical language brain organization based on intrinsic connectivity and multitask functional asymmetries
Authors: Labache Loïc , Mazoyer Bernard , Joliot Marc , Crivello Fabrice , Hesling Isabelle , Tzourio-Mazoyer Nathalie
Published: October 2020

Based on the joint investigation in 287 healthy volunteers (150 left-Handers (LH)) of language task-induced asymmetries and intrinsic connectivity strength of the sentence-processing supramodal network, we show that individuals with atypical rightward language lateralization (N = 30, 25 LH) do not rely on an organization that simply mirrors that of typical leftward lateralized individuals. Actually, the resting-state organization in the atypicals showed that their sentence processing was underpinned by left and right networks both wired for language processing and highly interacting by strong interhemispheric intrinsic connectivity and larger corpus callosum volume. Such a loose hemispheric specialization for language permits the hosting of language in either the left and/or right hemisphere as assessed by a very high incidence of dissociations across various language task-induced asymmetries in this group.
Effects of lifelong testosterone exposure on health and disease using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Mohammadi-Shemirani Pedrum , Chong Michael , Pigeyre Marie , Morton Robert W , Gerstein Hertzel C , Paré Guillaume
Published: October 2020

Testosterone products are prescribed to males for a variety of possible health benefits, but causal effects are unclear. Evidence from randomized trials are difficult to obtain, particularly regarding effects on long-term or rare outcomes. Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to infer phenome-wide effects of free testosterone on 461 outcomes in 161,268 males from the UK Biobank study. Lifelong increased free testosterone had beneficial effects on increased bone mineral density, and decreased body fat; adverse effects on decreased HDL, and increased risks of prostate cancer, androgenic alopecia, spinal stenosis, and hypertension; and context-dependent effects on increased hematocrit and decreased C-reactive protein. No benefit was observed for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular or cognitive outcomes. Mendelian randomization suggests benefits of long-term increased testosterone should be considered against adverse effects, notably increased prostate cancer and hypertension. Well-powered randomized trials are needed to conclusively address risks and benefits of testosterone treatment on these outcomes.
A natural variant of the essential host gene MMS21 restricts the parasitic 2-micron plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hays Michelle , Young Janet M , Levan Paula F , Malik Harmit S
Published: October 2020

Antagonistic coevolution with selfish genetic elements (SGEs) can drive evolution of host resistance. Here, we investigated host suppression of 2-micron (2μ) plasmids, multicopy nuclear parasites that have co-evolved with budding yeasts. We developed SCAMPR (Single-Cell Assay for Measuring Plasmid Retention) to measure copy number heterogeneity and 2μ plasmid loss in live cells. We identified threeS. cerevisiaestrains that lack endogenous 2μ plasmids and reproducibly inhibit mitotic plasmid stability. Focusing on the Y9 ragi strain, we determined that plasmid restriction is heritable and dominant. Using bulk segregant analysis, we identified a high-confidence Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) with a single variant ofMMS21associated with increased 2μ instability.MMS21encodes a SUMO E3 ligase and an essential component of the Smc5/6 complex, involved in sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome segregation, and DNA repair. Our analyses leverage natural variation to uncover a novel means by which budding yeasts can overcome highly successful genetic parasites.
A Pragmatic Analysis: Implications of Lexical Choices in Translating Quranic Rhetoric
Authors: Hassan Hassan Badr
Published: October 2020

An increasing interest in the translation of the meaning of the Quran has recently been developed due to the various conflicts in the name of religion that dominate mass and social media. The Quran features amongst the most read books in the world. However, roughly all the existing translations contain flaws in terms of content, style and culture. This study addresses the challenges of achieving pragmatic equivalence of five English translations of the Quran by comparing them with their original one to determine the degree of faithfulness of the overall message, focusing on the Quranic phraseology that alludes to something or someone without directly stating it. The study is mainly concerned with assessing the degree of accuracy and fidelity in conveying the meaning of some Arabic literary devices into English. The question of whether figurative Quranic words or phrases are pragmatically mistranslated is still debatable. This article contributes to the debate of accuracy and fluency of the selected versions of the Quran in English by shedding light upon specific pragmatic features that create a special effect in the Quranic text by assessing the degree of deviation from SL message if any. Analysis revealed that the five selected English versions of the Quran have fallen short of accurately conveying the non-literal use of Quranic expressions such as Metonymy, Synecdoche, Allusion, Nonverbal signals, Euphemistic phrases, and Hyperbolic form. The findings suggested that translating the Quran requires more than acquiring linguistic skills to create the same impact and maintain the same spirit in the target language. The results also indicated that inconsistency of conveying the meaning of the Quranic rhetoric is due in parts to non-success in checking authentic exegesis as a source of elucidation, explanation or interpretation for clear understanding. This study serves as a platform for further research on translating Quranic rhetorical tools through highlighting the shortcomings and the strengths of some samples from the Quran.
Improving the Use of Language Hedges in Academic Writing through Reading Journal Articles
Authors: Buddhima Karunarathna J.A.M.
Published: October 2020

In the arena of English for academic purposes, many nonnative speakers of English in different contexts find it difficult to perform well, because academic genre is alien to them. Current study was based on improving writing skills with a special focus on writing of language hedges in argumentative essays through reading journal articles. The study focused on the two research questions; 1.) Is there a significant improvement in using language hedges in academic writing through reading journal articles? 2.) What are the perceptions of students in reading journal articles to improve academic writing? Methodology of the study was based on quasi experimental and longitudinal design. Mixed method was utilized in collection of data. Participants of the study were 32 first year undergraduates of an English Language Teaching degree programme of a vocational technological university in Sri Lanka. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire and intervention through reading journal articles. Qualitative data was collected by interviewing 12 selected participants of the study. Two subject expertise evaluators and AntConc (2019), SPSS (23), MS Excel (Office 365) and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. Findings of the study reveal that there is a significant improvement in using language hedges by reading journal articles in the five categories of language hedges concerned; epistemic hedges, lexical hedges, lexical verbs, modal verbs and possibility hedges according to the descending order of the usage and the rate of improvement. Further, it can be concluded that pleasure and conscious reading of journal articles provide both cognitive and affective insights for novice academic writers of English. Two major implications for further research were drawn; to study the effect of language hedges in the culture of first language affects the usage of language hedges among undergraduates, and to study on the other stance features and engagement features in academic writing among the undergraduates in the Sri Lankan context.
Interpreting and Markers in Nigerian Courtroom Discourse
Authors: Raifu Olanrewaju Farinde , Alli Oyedokun , Ademola Wasiu
Published: October 2020

It has already been affirmed that power and control embedded in questions varies according to question type (Luchjenbroers 1999, Rigney 1999 etc). The paper ranges question types according to their degree of control and observes that those with high degree of control lost their power and control through the process of interpreting. It is further observed that since lawyers always maintain power and control through the type of questions they ask (such as declarative, yes/no, alternative questions) they are at the losing end whenever there is the need for court interpreter. Similarly, the use of discourse markers in the court (such as now, so, and, ok), also signifies lawyer’s power and control over the witnesses and defendants and these are always used to further enhance the power, coercion and challenging nature of the lawyers (see Hale 1999). The study further notes that the power and control of questions coating discourse markers are always reducing through the process of interpreting. The paper opines that the presence of courtroom interpreters in court reduces the power and control of lawyers in court.
New Trends of Feminism in Anurdha Marwa’s Sarkari Feminism
Authors: Mohammed Azeez Jasim
Published: October 2020

In this paper, Indian feminism with reference to Marwa’s play “Sarkari Feminism” is the focus of study. It projects the two new trends which Marwa criticizes. The first of which is the call for a lesbian relationship as a substitute for a failed one to save woman from philandering on one hand and to give the patriarchal community a lesson to equalize woman. In the second trend, Marwa brings about a theme of incest or a rape case by a family member. As a unique solution to such a case, she suggests a way in which she counters the social conventions through giving the victimized girl the right to elope and seek shelter with whoever is able to save her even if the rescuer does not belong to the same community. “Sarkari Feminism” in its varied dimensions of countering the patriarchal dominated society shows its ability to even reverse the conventional patterns if it helps to bring about a new, independent and ‘Unwomanly Woman’.
Ecofeminism in Thea Astley’s Drylands
Authors: Zhang Xiuqing
Published: October 2020

Australian multi-award-winning novelist Thea Astley was a great writer in promoting feminism and ecofeminism in her later years’ writing. This paper analyzes her fourth Miles Franklin award novel — Drylands from the perspective of ecofeminism. From analysis, it draws a conclusion that Astley makes a lot of efforts to raise readers’ awareness that her women characters’ liberation depends on their economic independence but it will be a hard and long way to achieve the final emancipation of women and total equality between women and men.
Disagreement Strategies used by Speakers of English as a Lingua Franca in Business Meetings
Authors: Alzahrani Alaa Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Numerous studies have attested to the consensus-orientation and cooperative nature of English as a lingua franca (ELF) interactions. However, limited attention has been given to moments of disagreements in ELF communication, with most of the little existing work focusing on disagreements in ELF academic or informal contexts. Consequently, little is known about how ELF users display disagreement in real-life business contexts. For this reason, this study examined disagreement expressions in five ELF business meetings drawn from the VOICE corpus to understand the nature of disagreement in ELF interactions. Following the identification of disagreement instances, the study used Stalpers’s (1995) framework to investigate whether the disagreement was accompanied by a mitigation strategy that reduces its impact. It was found that the examined ELF business speakers express their disagreement in both mitigated and unmitigated forms with a marked preference for using mitigated expressions, indicating that the appropriate linguistic choice for expressing disagreements in a between-company business meeting is a mitigated disagreement form. Another main finding is the frequent use of disagreement utterances, suggesting that ELF speakers do not merely seek consensus, but they also raise objections and state their different opinions. One implication of these findings is that ELF encounters might not be as consensus-seeking and mutually supportive as suggested in previous works. Taken together, the findings of the present study extended the existing body of work on ELF disagreement and, in general, added further to our understanding of ELF interaction.
John Donne’s A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning: A Deconstructive Reading
Authors: Altobbai Abdulqawi A. S.
Published: October 2020

This article attempts to re-read John Donne’s ‘A Valediction Forbidding Mourning’ from a deconstructive perspective. The purpose of re-reading the poem is to question its coherence and its organic unity. This is done through a close reading of the poem. The objective is to unmask internal contradictions and inconsistencies in order to show the incoherence that underlies its apparent unity. The effect of witty analogies, comparisons, images and even words is examined. In this process the implications associated with the situations involved in the analogies are to be taken into consideration. The way certain associations, implications and undercurrents contradict or undermine the apparently consistent argument of the poem is to be foregrounded. Through this deconstructive reading, the article finds that the poem could be read as a fine specimen of rhetoric but it clearly lacks in logicality and consistency.
Gender and Politeness/Hedging Strategies in English among Igbo Native Speakers in Nigeria: A Difference in Conversational Styles
Authors: Dozie Chinomso P. , Chinedu-Oko Chioma N. , Anyanwu Patricia N. , Ojilere Ijeoma C. , Ihejirika Richard C. , Otagburuagu Emeka J.
Published: October 2020

Gender and language studies in general have not been fully explored in most parts of the globe particularly in Nigeria. The objective of the study therefore was to examine the politeness and hedging strategies in the English language conversation of Igbo native speakers in Nigeria as well as establish whether men and women’s conversational styles have been gendered As a cross-sectional questionnaire and interview-based survey, the sample population was studied by means of ten-item questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Task and structured interview at seven Universities systematically selected from the South-East and South-South geo-political zones in Nigeria. The study instruments were completed, returned, transcribed and statistically analysed using the quantitative and qualitative tools for analysis of production and perception data respectively. Results showed that politeness and hedging are indispensable sociolinguistic elements in the conversational English of the study sample. Also, results revealed that to accomplish a communicative goal, the samples adopted different politeness/hedging strategies given the discourse situation. Also, findings showed that the female respondents were found to adhere more to linguistic politeness principles than their male counterparts considering the context hence demonstrating a difference in conversational style. The study found evidence to establish that females are more polite than males in conversations. In conclusion, findings of this study showed that respondents yielded to certain sociolinguistic factors such as age, culture, hierarchy, disposition and religion as they were believed to inform the use of a particular strategy or another.
A Semantic Analysis of Absent Subjects of Idioms in Gĩkũyũ
Authors: Njambi Kiguta Purity , Gatambuki Gathigia Moses , Waithera Ndung’u Catherine
Published: October 2020

Idioms have been studied for a considerable time by linguists with a view of explaining their meaning. In Gĩkũyũ, for example, the meaning of most idioms can be derived from constituents that form them. However, in some Gĩkũyũ idioms, the meaning is hindered by the absence of the subject in the idiomatic utterance or sentence. It is against this background that this study sought to conduct a semantic analysis on selected idioms in Gĩkũyũ. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish the absent subject in the selected Gĩkũyũ idioms through etymological elaboration and then conduct a semantic analysis of the idioms. The study was based on the Conventional Figurative Language Theory (Dobrovol and Elisabeth). The study employed the descriptive research design and purposively targeted 20 Gĩkũyũ idioms. Data was collected through focus group discussions involving 10 participants who are native speakers of Gĩkũyũ. The study used the content analysis method, which is within the qualitative research paradigm. The data was presented in form of tables and themes. The Gĩkũyũ idiomatic expressions and the established subjects were listed and their gloss provided. Through etymological elaboration, a semantic analysis of the idiomatic expressions was conducted. The findings of the study are that the absence of the subject in idioms greatly hinders their comprehensibility. Further, etymological elaboration is required in order to establish the absent subject. The findings therefore imply that whenever the comprehensibility of an idiom is compromised by the lack of the subject in the utterance, cognitive linguists should process the meaning by using etymological elaboration The study concludes that interpretation of idiomatic expressions in Gĩkũyũ can be enhanced by establishing the absent subject through etymological elaboration which provides clues that aid interpretation .Secondly, semantic analysis of the idioms enhances comprehensibility. The study recommends further research on absent subjects in Gĩkũyũ idioms that were not part of this study. Secondly, other idiom processing strategies for example contextualization (Copper, 2004) can be used to establish the absent subjects in idiomatic expressions. Thirdly, further research can be conducted to establish other aspects of idioms that hinder comprehensibility of idioms not only in Gĩkũyũ but also in other languages. The study will not only provide valuable linguistic knowledge on the study of idioms in Gĩkũyũ but will also encourage further research on idioms in other languages.
On the Translatability of MoYan’s Novels and the C-E Translation
Authors: Jing Hua
Published: October 2020

Literature works of supranational or international significance must have considerable “translatability” internally. Mo Yan’s works show obvious world characteristics in the theme and techniques of creation, which constitute the internal “translatability” of his works. This paper discusses the translatability of Mo Yan’s novels from four aspects: the theme, the structure, the image and the language of the novels, and then analyzes the translatability of the theme reflected in the English translation. The paper finds that, the translatability in the theme of creation is embodied in its most basic and natural desires and emotions of human beings, and the universality beyond time and space, that the translatability of the novel structure is embodied in the strong story-telling feature and the obvious plot of the novel, that the translatability of the image is embodied in its clear and common reference of the images, and that the translatability of the language is embodied in the language characteristic of story-telling, and the less profound and obscure language expressions. This paper also takes the English versions of Red Sorghum and Big Breasts & Wide Hips translated by Howard Goldblatt as examples to analyze in detail the embodiment of translatability in the theme of the novel. It is found out that due to the translatability in the theme of the original novels, the English translation greatly represent the themes expressing humanity, free life and religion.
Translating Ecology and Material Culture: Understanding Strategies and Shift in The Ballad of Ayesha
Authors: Das Mukta , Mazumder Tanmoy
Published: October 2020

The current study exposes the translation strategy of ecology and material culture in The Ballad of Ayesha (2018) and the resulting translation shift. This novel is Inam Ahmed’s English translation of the Bengali novel Ayeshamangal (2010) by Anisul Hoque. Ayeshamangal is a Bengali novel written in a fully Bengali context and it is quite difficult for the translator to translate the issues of ecology and material culture by keeping the flavor of the original text intact. The current paper attempts to evaluate whether the translator is successful or not in conveying the sense of the original text to the translated one. This research also investigates the translator’s attitude to equivalence in the TT as well as the problems and dilemma he faces in dealing with various cultural aspects of the novel as we know that English and Bengali languages have different structures. Peter Newmark’s concept of cultural categories in translation is a key to the discussions attempted in this study. The paper foregrounds the translating issues of ecology and material culture in the TT, attempts to investigate the procedures and strategies used by the translator, and probes the possible translation shift.
The Patriotism and the Heroism Embedded in the Subtitles of Chinese-English Movies: The Mission of “Main Melody” Films
Authors: Xie Ying
Published: October 2020

The dissemination of audiovisual products has played an indispensable role in shaping ideological propaganda and national influence in China. The “Main Melody” are the films that serve to propagandize the mainstream ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). As a typical example of this genre, Wolf Warrior II (《战狼2》) (2017) has been the top-grossing film in the Chinese mainland since its release in July 2017. The science fiction film The Wandering Earth ( 《流浪地球》) (2019), with its subtle implication of “Main Melody”, quickly ranks as the third. Meanwhile, the action movie Operation Red Sea (《红海行动》) (2018), which advocates the element of “Main Melody”, has been ranked fifth in the Chinese mainland box office. In this paper, I will move beyond the conventional linguistic research in audiovisual translation to focus on the ideology revealed through the subtitles of this specific film genre. By considering the movies as multilingual texts targeted for both Chinese audiences and English-speaking audiences, I seek to explore the ideology reflected in the subtitles of the films by probing into several questions through the paper including: What stereotyped image does China still hold towards the West? What kind of image does the CCP and the Chinese government attempt to portray China as in the mind of Chinese audiences and English-speaking audiences?
The Most Influential Publications on Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Lee Jae Jun , Baik Gwang Ho
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the first-line treatment for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms with negligible lymph node metastasis. It has evolved through improvements in expertise and equipment, increased understanding of indications and short- and long-term outcomes, and better management of complications. This study aimed to assess and characterize the most influential publications in ESD research.Materials and Methods: We searched the top 50 most cited articles using Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Google Scholar (GS) from the inception of these services to January 2019. The top 50 Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) articles based on online media mentions were also searched. Each article was evaluated for the number of citations, title, journal, and publication year.Results: The number of citations for the top 50 WoSCC articles on ESD ranged from 37 to 199; Endoscopy published the most articles (20%). Among the top 50 GS articles, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy published the most ESD articles (34%) and the most shared AAS articles (42.6%). PubMed Central article citations in WoSCC or GS showed significant correlation with those from each metric, unlike AAS. The words with the highest relevance scores were “submucosal tunnel dissection,” “guideline,” “novel submucosal gel,” “adhesive material,” “cell sheet,” “esophageal ulcer,” “hemospray,” and “endoscopic closure,” while the following words were influential: “meta-analysis,” “esophageal stricture,” “perforation,” “bleeding,” “fibrin glue,” “artificial ulcer,” “porcine model” and “esophageal squamous cell neoplasia,” excluding “ESD.”Conclusions: This study presents a detailed list of influential articles, journals, and topic words.
THE WATERFINDERS. A cultural history of the Australian dingo
Authors: Philip Justine
Published: October 2020

For thousands of years, the water-finding abilities of the Australian dingo (Canis dingo), has assisted human survival in one of the most extreme, arid environments on earth. In addition to their contribution to Traditional Aboriginal society as a guardian, living blanket, hunting assistant and companion, the dingo’s role as intermediary between the earth’s surface and the river systems that flow beneath the continent is legendary. Both the ancestral/mythical dingo and the contemporary dingo are attributed with having assisted people in the location of aquifers, billabongs, inland lakes. They guided people safely across hundreds of kilometers of desert, locating the places where water sources reach up closest to the earth’s surface from the underground lakes and waterways that flow beneath the continent. The dingo’s status in Aboriginal culture is celebrated in the naming of waterholes, soaks, river systems and aquifers. This paper follows the path of the ancient dingo, tracing how, as a cultural keystone species, dingoes have shaped human society and belief systems, encouraging cultures of reciprocity and laws of protection for vital resources. Post-colonization, these traditions have not been recognized outside of Aboriginal communities, and this loss of cultural heritage comes at great cost to the Australian environment, biodiversity and the health and preservation of vital resources.
Editorial
Authors: Gordilho Heron
Published: October 2020

.
Self‐immunity to antibacterial peptides by ABC transporters
Authors: Smits Sander H.J. , Schmitt Lutz , Beis Konstantinos
Published: October 2020

Bacteria produce under certain stress conditions bacteriocins and microcins that display antibacterial activity against closely related species for survival. Bacteriocins and microcins exert their antibacterial activity by either disrupting the membrane or inhibiting essential intracellular processes of the bacterial target. To this end, they can lyse bacterial membranes and cause subsequent loss of their integrity or nutrients, or hijack membrane receptors for internalisation. Both bacteriocins and microcins are ribosomally synthesised and several are posttranslationally modified, whereas others are not. Such peptides are also toxic to the producer bacteria, which utilise immunity proteins or/and dedicated ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters to achieve self‐immunity and peptide export. In this review, we discuss the structure and mechanism of self‐protection that is conferred by these ABC transporters.
Hydrogel Micropost Arrays with Single Post Tunability to Study Cell Volume and Mechanotransduction
Authors: Devine Daniel , Vijayakumar Vishwaarth , Wong Sing Wan , Lenzini Stephen , Newman Peter , Shin Jae‐Won
Published: October 2020

The extracellular matrix varies considerably in mechanical properties at the microscale. It remains unclear how cells respond to these properties, in part, due to lack of tools to create precisely defined microenvironments in a discrete manner. Here, freeform stereolithography is leveraged to control the placement and elastic modulus of individual hydrogel microposts that serve as discrete matrix signals to interface with cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) located in the interstitial spaces between microposts above a base layer are analyzed. Cell volume is higher when MSCs interact with more microposts. MSCs show higher strain energy when they interact simultaneously with 4‐kPa and 20‐kPa microposts than with mechanically homogeneous micropost arrays. MSCs are sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of Rho‐associated protein kinase in 4‐kPa arrays, but resistant when presented together with 20‐kPa arrays. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) activity increases with higher cell volume and elastic modulus of microposts. Surprisingly, YAP activity becomes less variable with higher cell volume and decreases with higher average force and strain energy per post when MSCs interact with both 4‐kPa and 20‐kPa microposts simultaneously. Together, these results describe a material system for systematically investigating how the placement and intrinsic properties of discrete matrix signals impact cell volume and mechanotransduction.