bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyimpangan Seksual (LGBT) Dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam
Authors: Yanggo Huzaemah Tahido
Published: January 2019

Masalah penyimpangan seksual (lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender) sedang dalam perdebatan yang hangat dibicarakan dalam masyarakat, mulai dari media cetak dan elektronik, ada dari kalangan tokoh Islam sendiri yang membolehkan homo dan lesbi, dengan dasar bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara homo dan bukan homo dan tidak ada perbedaan antara lesbi dan bukan lesbi. Menurut mereka bahwa manusia cuma bisa berlomba berbuat amal kebajikan sesuai perintah Tuhan. Islam mengajarkan bahwa seorang homo atau lesbi sebagaimana manusia lainnya, sangat berpotensi menjadi orang yang saleh atau takwa selama dia menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai agama, yaitu tidak menduakan Tuhan (syirik), meyakini kerasulan Muhammad Saw serta menjalankan ibadah yang diperintahkan. Dia tidak menyakiti pasangannya dan berbuat baik kepada sesama manusia, kepada sesama makhluk dan peduli kepada lingkungannya. Bahkan menurutnya, menarik sekali membaca ayat-ayat Al-Qur‟an soal hidup berpasangan (Q.S. al-Rum : 21, Q.S al-Dzariyat : 49 dan Q.S Yasin : 36) di sana tidak dijelaskan soal jenis kelamin biologis, yang ada hanyalah soal gender. Artinya, berpasangan itu tidak mesti dalam konteks hetero, melainkan bisa homo, dan bisa lesbi. Sekarang ini Indonesia semakin liberal. Orang-orang homo dan lesbi semakin giat mengekspos perbuatannya secara terbuka, bahkan berusaha mencari legitimasi dalil dari A1-Qur‟an, memelintir maknanya dengan tidak melihat kepada ayat-ayat yang lain yang berkenaan dengan masalah yang ada. Pada hal ayat-ayat Al-Qur‟an saling menafsirkan antara satu ayat dengan ayat lainnya. Hal ini disebabkan karena mereka hanya memiliki sedikit ilmu pengetahuan agama, belum banyak membaca tafsir dan Hadis, tidak mengetahui ushul fiqh dan sarana-sarana ijtihad yang lainnya, sehingga menurut mereka tidak ada larangan dari Al-Qur‟an dan Hadis untuk melakukan homoseksual dan lesbian sehingga menurut mereka, bahwa pelarangan terhadap LBGT adalah pelarangan terhadap HAM. Berkenaan dengan masalah ini, maka dalam artikel ini akan dibahas bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam terhadap penyimpangan seksual (LGBT). Adapun pembahasan berkisar pada pengertian homoseksual, lesbian dan hukumnya menurut pandangan Islam dan sanksi atas pelakunya dampak negatif yang ditimbulkannya dan upaya penanggulangannya.
Kohesi Metode Tamyiz Dalam Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Pesantren Takhasus Bayt Tamyiz Indramayu
Authors: Hairani Esi , Faizah Nadjematul , Muzayyanah Muzayyanah , Izzah Nur
Published: January 2019

Diversitas metodologi dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab dan aspek terkait lainnya telah banyak diproklamirkan oleh beberapa cendikiawan, mulai dari metodologi yang bersifat klasik (metode iqra`, qira`ati, baghdadi, al-barqi, maisura, amsilati) hingga metodologi yang berbasis elektronik). Dan salah satu metode yang masih eksis sampai saat ini adalah metode Tamyiz yang diaplikasikan pada pembelajaran teori dasar nahwu-shorof di Pesantren Takhasus Bayt Tamyiz di Indramayu. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa metode Tamyiz memiliki pebedaaan dengan metode bahasa Arab lainnya, yaitu dengan mempelajari segala hal tentang bahasa Arab dengan hanya memformulasikan teori dasar nahwu-shorof quantum dengan cara pembelajaran yang mudah (easy) dan menyenangkan (fun), adapun langkah metodis dalam metode Tamyiz adalah sebagai berikut : pertama, menghadirkan guru dalam kelas sebagai fasilitator, kedua, metode Tamyiz tidak ada ijazah, dikatakan mampu adalah dengan mengajarkan para juniornya dengan dimonitoring dan evaluasi dari Ustadz, ketiga, memaksimalkan metode menghafal dan mengulangnya, keempat, dielaborasi dengan metode madkhal, manhaj, kelima, tutorial sebaya atau teknik scaffolding atau gunakan kawan sesama murid yang lebih ahli sebagai guru, keenam, kelas formal SMP dibagi berdasarkan jenjang semester kurikulum nasional pendidikan dan dipisah dalam waktunya lalu dilakukan tamyiz tersendiri, ketujuah, metode pembelajaran Tamyiz juga aplikasikan pada mata pelajaran umum lainnya, dan kedelapan, tamyiz Icon Indramayu masih belum optimal karena tidak mengikuti sistem pembelajaran Tamyiz sesuai dengan apa yang telah digariskan oleh penemu metode Tamyiz Abaza, MM.
Penafsiran Surat Al-Falaq [113]: 3-4 : Menurut Abd. Ar-Rauf As-Singkili, Hamka dan M. Quraish Shihab: Telaah Atas Epistemologi dan Genealogi
Authors: Parwanto Wendi
Published: January 2019

Many assumptions say that differences in generation, educational background, socio-cultural background and so on will have an effect on the mindset of an interpreter. To prove the validity of these assumptions, this study proposed to explore the epistemology structure of QS. al-Falaq [113]: 3-4 interpretation in Tarjuman al-Mustafid by Abd. as-Singkili, Tafsir Al- Azhar by HAMKA and Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab. The results of this study are any differences in the epistemological structure of interpretation between the three interpreters in interpreting Qs. al-Falaq [113]: 3-4, for example in terms of sources, As-Singkili uses hadith and ra'yu, HAMKA uses munasabah, hadith, ulama opinions and ra'yu. , while M Qurasih Shihab uses lexical-linguistic analysis, munasabah, hadith, ulama opinion and ra'yu.
Increase of Eosinophil in Dialysate during Induction of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Shigemoto Emi , Mizuno Masashi , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Kazuma , Sakata Fumiko , Kariya Tetsuyoshi , Katsuno Takayuki , Maruyama Shoichi , Ito Yasuhiko
Published: January 2019

As a rare complication in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), increase of eosinophil (peritoneal dialysate fluid [PDF] eosinophilia), including eosinophilic peritonitis, was observed in PDF. The majority of eosinophilic peritonitis cases are detected during the early phase of PD induction. However, the frequency of and mechanisms underlying PDF eosinophilia remain unclear. We therefore investigated the frequency of PDF eosinophilia and what mechanisms, specifically complement activation, might contribute to its occurrence. In 48 patients, eosinophil counts and concentrations of complement activation products, such as C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9, interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-6 in PDF were evaluated on days 1, 2, and 4 after starting PD therapy. We focused on the relationships between patient background characteristics and eosinophil counts and levels of C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9 as complement activation products in PDF. In 33.3% of PD patients, increased PDF eosinophils were observed on day 1. Eosinophil counts correlated with PDF levels of C3a on days 1 and 2, IL-5 on days 1, 2, and 4, and IL-6 on day 1. In terms of background characteristics, only the duration the PD catheter was left in place differed significantly between PDF eosinophilia and non-PDF eosinophilia. Notably, PDF levels of C3a differed significantly between patients with and without eosinophilia, suggesting that C3a might be a candidate for induction of increased eosinophil.

PDF eosinophilia was frequently observed during PD initiation. Our results suggest that PD catheter insertion and complement activation might be related to increases in eosinophils in PDF during PD initiation.
TESTING OF CROSSOVER OPERATORS FOR THE GREY PATTERN PROBLEM
Authors: Misevičius Alfonsas
Published: January 2019

Recently genetic algorithms (GAs) are a great success in solving combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper the performance issues related to the genetic search in the context of the grey pattern problem (GPP) are discussed. The main attention is paid to the investigation of the solution recombination, i.e. crossover operators, which play an important role developing robust genetic algorithms. We implemented seven crossover operators within the hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) framework, and carried out the extensive experiments in order to test the influence of the recombination operators on the genetic search process. The results obtained from the experimentation with GPP test instances (benchmarks) demonstrate promising efficiency of so‐called multiple parent crossover which is based on a special type of recombination of several solutions‐parents.
LARGE‐SCALE DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MISSING VALUES
Authors: Popov Sergiy
Published: January 2019

Visualization of large‐scale data inherently requires dimensionality reduction to 1D, 2D, or 3D space. Autoassociative neural networks with a bottleneck layer are commonly used as a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique. However, many real‐world problems suffer from incomplete data sets, i.e. some values can be missing. Common methods dealing with missing data include the deletion of all cases with missing values from the data set or replacement with mean or “normal” values for specific variables. Such methods are appropriate when just a few values are missing. But in the case when a substantial portion of data is missing, these methods can significantly bias the results of modeling. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a modified learning procedure for the autoassociative neural network that directly takes the missing values into account. The outputs of the trained network may be used for substitution of the missing values in the original data set.
HIGH ORDER ITERATIVE METHODS FOR DECOMPOSITION‐COORDINATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Vaarmann Otu
Published: January 2019

Many real‐life optimization problems are of the multiobjective type and highdimensional. Possibilities for solving large scale optimization problems on a computer network or multiprocessor computer using a multi‐level approach are studied. The paper treats numerical methods in which procedural and rounding errors are unavoidable, for example, those arising in mathematical modelling and simulation. For the solution of involving decomposition‐coordination problems some rapidly convergent interative methods are developed based on the classical cubically convergent method of tangent hyperbolas (Chebyshev‐Halley method) and the method of tangent parabolas (Euler‐Chebyshev method). A family of iterative methods having the convergence order equal to four is also considered. Convergence properties and computational aspects of the methods under consideration are examined. The problems of their global implementation and polyalgorithmic strategy are discussed as well.
REASONING OF BUSINESS STRATEGIC DECISIONS SELECTION
Authors: Bivainis Juozas , Zinkevičiūte Virgilija
Published: January 2019

This article analyzes reasoning of strategic business decisions selection. In order to accomplish the task the synthesis of two methods is offered – scenario and multicriteria evaluation of strategic decisions. The base of multicriteria evaluation of strategic decisions is set onto the tree‐level criteria system (primary, partially integrated and complex‐integrated criteria). Relatives weights of the primary and partially integrated criteria is taken in to account in the calculation of a complex‐integrated criterion impact. Also the methodical usage of guidelines of scenario and multcriteria evaluation method synthesis as well as verification of its results through an experiment are presented in the article. The following advantages are typical for the synthesis of these two methods:

decisions evaluation is accurate, complex and performed accordingly to environmental variety;

the decisions are being evaluated while using a broad criteria system which leaves an opportunity to fully judge the suitability of certain decisions to the business subject;

detailed evaluation results support strategic decisions making based on acceptable level the risk, environmental clauses and results of complex evaluation;

evaluation becomes understandable, clear and visual to all within the business subject.
LONG‐TERM DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF NON‐CRACKED PC MEMBERS USING FLEXURAL CONSTITUTIVE MODEL AND DESIGN METHODS
Authors: Zamblauskaite Renata , Kaklauskas Gintaris , Vainiūnas Povilas
Published: January 2019

In this paper, an attempt has been made to extend application of the recently proposed Flexural constitutive model to long‐term deformation analysis of prestressed concrete members. The effect of non‐linear time effects of creep and shrinkage are taken into account. Effective modulus method is used for modeling of long‐term deformations. The proposed calculation technique is based on the layered approach and use of material stress and strain relationships. Curvatures and deflections prediction results were tested against experimental data of prestressed concrete beams reported in the literature.
MANAGEMENT LEARNING FOR CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONALS. INQUIRES BENCHMARKS AND EXPERIENCES FROM POLAND, UNITED KINGDOM AND PORTUGAL
Authors: Cieszyński Kazimierz , Minasowicz Andrzej , Teixeira José Cardoso
Published: January 2019

Management qualification of construction staff is an essential step towards Polish market development. Inquiries revealed the framework for qualification requirements that led to the establishment of a matrix of learning subjects. Learning requirements followed from that matrix and allowed for the definition of management learning profiles for construction professionals. These profiles have been compared to frameworks from other European institutions and lay the basis for defining training structures and learning programmes.
ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL STATE OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES
Authors: Ginevičius Romualdas , Podvezko Valentinas
Published: January 2019

The financial state of construction enterprises can be described by a set of criteria evaluating their commercial activity from various perspectives. The most important of them are solvency and financial risk, including the ratio of current assets to current liabilities, the ratio of current assets minus stocks to current liabilities, the ratio of equity to liabilities, the ratio of assets to liabilities and the ratio of current assets to equity. These values indicate how efficiently various resources, i. e. finances, materials, manpower, etc. are used at an enterprise.

The criteria characterizing the financial state of an enterprise from various perspectives may change in different directions. Moreover, these criteria are multidimensional. Therefore, a problem of finding a unified approach to describe this conflicting situation arises. The particular criteria describe the particular aspects of a complex object. To obtain an integrated estimate of a considered object, multicriteria evaluation methods are applied. Being versatile, these methods are used for solving various problems. A great number of methods evaluating the performance of multidimensional objects have been created and used recently. Each method has some advantages in describing the particular features of an object. Most methods use various techniques for normalization or transformation of the initial data. In the present investigation seven methods of multicriteria evaluation are applied. The calculations made yielded actually the same results, except those obtained by two methods ‐ the sum of ranks and VIKOR. However, the deviation of the data obtained by using these methods from the average value was small. The priority order of enterprises is finally determined integrating the results obtained by all methods used in the present analysis.
THE APPLICATION OF MULTIFACTOR MODEL LITCAC IN THE ORGANIZATION OF ASSEMBLY WORK OF FLEXIBLE CORRUGATED STEEL STRUCTURES
Authors: Janusz Leszek , Kapliński Oleg
Published: January 2019

Structural corrugated steel plate structures (SCSPS) are the subject of this paper. Some aspects of assembly of these structures are discussed, indicating factors of organization. The considerations are based on the estimation of labour consumption. On the grounds of regression and correlation one can create a new model of labour consumption and total costs of assembly work. This model is called LITCAC and constitutes “an open” type model. It is for estimating labour consumption, time and cost of assembly of CSPS in four modules. A combination of the new proposed model with the method of multi‐criteria optimization (in this case TOPSIS method) enables to improve the organization of predicting the job site progress as well as the cost related to site activities.
BUSINESS GAME BAUMARKT ‐ EXPERIENCES WITH A NEW EDUCATIONAL METHOD
Authors: Lentzke Kerstin von , Peldschus Friedel , Seeling Reinhard
Published: January 2019

The business game BAUMARKT, which is based on many years of experience in management education, has been applied successfully in the teaching of civil engineering and civil engineering management for several years. The participants acquire projects, calculate with market orientation and develop strategies as a team in order to reach the defined goals. In the course of the game decisions have to be made, that are related to capital lockup, employees policy, the closing of insurance contracts and the profit use, while the consequences for the business have to be observed. The business game supports the development of the ability to recognise economic interrelations, to think dynamically and to plan and manage work in a team.
RESIDUAL METHOD OF PROPERTY VALUATION
Authors: Skarzyński Andrzej
Published: January 2019

In the paper the residual method as one of the methods used for property valuation by mixed approach is presented. The paper contains the description of the most often used applications of the residual method and two examples of the practical usage of this method. The first example relates to the valuation of a family house being built for the purpose of obtaining a mortage loan to complete construction work. The second example concerns the valuation of an office building considered for purchasing by a potential buyer. The paper ends with the conclusions concerning the conditions of property valuation.
A PROPOSAL OF DEFINING PARTICIPANT PREFERENCES IN A DECISION AIDING PROCESS WITH THE PARTICIPANT REPRESENTING A COLLECTIVE BODY
Authors: Thiel Tomasz
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a proposal of defining threshold functions reflecting preferences of a chosen participant in the decision aiding process applied to calculation ELECTRE III method. The decision problem touched valuation scenarios of the development of the mass transit system. The participant in the decision process was a collective body. It was not a very numerous group of representatives (just over a dozen people) of the company management ‐ the Municipal Transport Company.
MODELLING RENEWAL OF CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS APPLYING METHODS OF THE GAME THEORY
Authors: Antuchevičienė Jurgita , Turskis Zenonas , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: January 2019

The paper analyses modelling renewal of construction objects applying methods of the game theory. Rational construction management variants are usually selected under various conditions, using the efficiency criteria. A choice of rational alternatives can be absolutely uncertain when influences of external factors are unknown. In the current paper, selecting of rational renewal variants of derelict buildings from the viewpoint of sustainable development is presented. Sustainable development always involves great uncertainty; accordingly, the methods of the Game Theory are used for a particular problem. Bayes's and Laplace's rules are applied for searching rational renewal variants of derelict buildings in Lithuanian rural areas. The case study proved that the methods of the Game Theory are effective in a real life situation and can be successfully applied to solving similar problems.
STRATEGIES OF SELECTING THE BASIS VECTOR SET IN THE RELATIVE MDS
Authors: Bernatavičienė Jolita , Dzemyda Gintautas , Kurasova Olga , Marcinkevičius Virginijus
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a method of large multidimensional data visualization that associates the multidimensional scaling (MDS) with clustering is modified and investigated. In the original algorithm, the visualization process is divided into three steps: the basis vector set is constructed using the k‐means clustering method; this set is projected onto the plane using the MDS algorithm; the remaining data set is visualized using the relative MDS algorithm. We propose a modification which differs from the original algorithm in the strategy of selecting the basis vectors. In our modification, the set of basis vectors consists of vectors that are selected from k clusters in a new way. The experimental investigation showed that the modification exceeds the original algorithm in visualization quality and computational expenses.
A PRIORI FILTRATION OF POINTS FOR FINDING CONVEX HULL
Authors: Vyšniauskaitė Laura , Šaltenis Vydūnas
Published: January 2019

Convex hull is the minimum area convex polygon containing the planar set. By now there are quite many convex hull algorithms (Graham Scan, Jarvis March, QuickHull, Incremental, Divide‐and‐Conquer, Marriage‐before‐Conquest, Monotone Chain, Brute Force). The main attention while choosing the algorithm is paid to the running time. In order to raise the efficiency of all the algorithms an idea of a priori filtration of points is given in this article. Besides, two new algorithms have been created and presented. The experiment research has shown a very good efficiency of these algorithms.
Eigen Reconstruction of Perturbations to the Primordial Tensor Power Spectrum
Authors: Farhang M. , Sadr A. Vafaei
Published: January 2019

We explore the potential of the B-mode anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation to constrain the shape of the primordial tensor power spectrum in a model-independent way. We expand possible perturbations to the power-law primordial tensor spectrum (predicted by the simplest single-field, slow-roll inflationary models) using various sets of localized and nonlocalized basis functions and construct the Fisher matrix for their amplitudes. The eigen analysis of the Fisher matrix would then yield a hierarchy of uncorrelated perturbation patterns (called tensor eigenmodes or TeMs), which are rank-ordered according to their measurability by data. We find that the first three TeMs are expected to be constrainable within a few percent by the next generation of B-mode experiments. We discuss how the method can be iteratively used to reconstruct the observable part of any general deviation from the fiducial power spectrum.
Quenching Black Hole Accretion by Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback
Authors: Bu De-Fu , Yang Xiao-Hong
Published: January 2019

Observations of many dim galactic nuclei in the local universe give good estimations of gas density and temperature at the Bondi radius. If we assume the black hole accretes at the Bondi accretion rate and radiates at the efficiency of a low-luminosity hot accretion flow, the predicted nuclei luminosity can be significantly higher than that seen in observations. Therefore, the real black hole mass accretion rate in these sources may be significantly smaller than the Bondi value. Active galactic nucleus feedback may be responsible for decreasing the black hole accretion rate to values much smaller than the Bondi rate. We perform two-dimensional simulations of low-angular-momentum accretion flow at parsec and subparsec scales around low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). We take into account the radiation and wind feedbacks of the LLAGN. The cross section of particle–particle interaction can be several orders of magnitude larger than that of photon–particle interaction. Therefore, we find that for the LLAGNs, the effects of radiation feedback in decreasing black hole accretion rates are small. However, wind feedback can effectively decrease the black hole mass accretion rate. Due to the decrease of the accretion rate, the black hole luminosity can be decreased by a factor of ∼33–400. These results may be useful for explaining why many galactic nuclei in the local universe are so dim.
Broadband Spectral Energy Distributions of SDSS-selected Quasars and of Their Host Galaxies: Intense Activity at the Onset of AGN Feedback
Authors: Bianchini Federico , Fabbian Giulio , Lapi Andrea , Gonzalez-Nuevo Joaquin , Gilli Roberto , Baccigalupi Carlo
Published: January 2019

We present the mean spectral energy distribution (SED) of a sample of optically selected quasars (QSOs) at redshifts of 1 ≤ z ≤ 5. To derive it, we exploit photometric information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer surveys in combination with a stacking analysis of Herschel, AKARI, and Planck maps at the location of the QSOs. The near-UV and optical parts of the reconstructed mean rest-frame SED are similar to those found in other studies. However, the SED shows an excess at 1–2 μm (when compared to the aforementioned SEDs normalized in the near UV) and a prominent bump around 4–6 μm, followed by a decrease out to ∼20 μm and a subsequent far-IR bump. From the fitted SEDs, we estimate the average active galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosity L
AGN and star formation rate (SFR) as a function of cosmic time, finding typical

erg s−1 and SFR ∼50–1000 M
⊙ yr−1. We develop mid-IR-based criteria to split the QSO sample, finding that these allow us to move along the average relationship in the SFR versus L
AGN diagram toward increasing AGN luminosities. When interpreted in the context of the in situ coevolution scenario presented by Lapi et al., our results suggest that the detection in the far-IR band is an effective criterion to select objects where the star formation is on the verge of being affected by energy/momentum feedback from the central AGN.
Relativistic Jets in Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Piran Tsvi , Nakar Ehud , Mazzali Paolo , Pian Elena
Published: January 2019

After decades of extensive research the mechanism driving core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) is still unclear. One common mechanism is a neutrino-driven outflow, but others have been proposed. Among those, a long-standing idea is that jets play an important role in supernova (SN) explosions. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that accompany “hypernovae,” rare and powerful CCSNe, involve relativistic jets. A GRB jet punches a hole in the stellar envelope and produces the observed gamma-rays far outside the progenitor star. While SNe and jets coexist in long GRBs (LGRBs), the relationship between the mechanisms driving the hypernova and the jet is unknown. Also unclear is the relationship between the rare hypernovae and the more common CCSNe. Here we present observational evidence that indicates that choked jets are active in CCSNe that are not associated with GRBs. A choked jet deposits all its energy in a cocoon. The cocoon eventually breaks out from the star, releasing energetic material at very high, yet sub-relativistic, velocities. This fast-moving material engulfs the star leading to a unique detectable very broad line absorption signature in early time SN spectra. We find a clear evidence for this signature in several CCSNe, all involving progenitors that have lost all, or most, of their hydrogen envelope prior to the explosion. These include CCSNe that do not harbor GRBs or any other relativistic outflows. Our findings suggest a continuum of central engine activities in different types of CCSNe and call for rethinking of the explosion mechanism of CCSNe.
Photo images, 3D/CT data and mtDNA of the freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with SEM/EDS analysis of the shell
Authors: Kano Yuichi , Kurita Yoshihisa , Kanno Kazuki , Saito Kengo , Hayashi Hironori , Onikura Norio , Yamasaki Takeshi
Published: January 2019

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), which are keystone species of freshwater ecosystems, are in global decline. In addition to ecological/genetic studies, morphological examinations are needed to help provide information for the development of additional freshwater mussel studies and eventually conservation efforts for freshwater ecosystems.

The microscopic structure, which can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental composition, which can be obtained with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), of mollusc shells are of interest to malacologists. However, information about freshwater mussels is still limited.

Kyushu Island is the southernmost island of the four major islands of Japan. Kyushu Island is a hotspot of bitterling fishes in Japan, which simultaneously means that the island is a hotspot of freshwater mussels. The Ryukyu Islands stretch southwest from Kyushu Island to Taiwan; a freshwater mussel of unknown origin was reported from the Ryukyu Islands.

Digital archiving for biology and ecology is a continuing challenge for open science. This data paper describes online published photo images, 3D/CT and mtDNA data and SEM/EDS analyses of the shell of freshwater mussels that inhabit the Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Our data will provide basic information regarding freshwater biology and be of public interest as open science.

Photo images, 3D/CT data, mtDNA data, SEM images and EDS elemental analysis of freshwater mussels that inhabit the Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands (61 individuals, nine species/subspecies) were published online in a local database (http://ffish.asia/Unionidae3D), GBIF (http://ipt.pensoft.net/resource?r=unionidae3d) and DDBJ/EMBL/Genbank (LC431810–LC431840).
The effect of temperature on rice oil bleaching to reduce oxidation and loss in bioactive compounds
Authors: Strieder M. M. , Engelmann J. I. , Pohndorf R. S. , Rodrigues P. A. , Juliano R. S. , Dotto G. L. , Pinto L. A.A.
Published: January 2019

Refining conditions are very important to obtain high-quality rice oil. This work aimed at evaluating the effect of bleaching temperature in chemical and physical refining processes to avoid losses in γ-oryzanol and carotenoids. In addition, the aspects related to rancidity were investigated. Samples of degummed oil (obtained by a physical procedure) and of neutralized oil (obtained by a chemical procedure) were provided by a local industry. The oils were bleached at 80, 95 and 110 °C using 1% (w w-1) activated earth. The temperature of 95 °C was the best in relation to oxidative stability. The γ-oryzanol and carotenoids were better preserved through physical refining than by the chemical procedure by about 64 and 84%, respectively. However, the oxidation indicators were high for the oil bleached by the physical procedure, indicating that bleaching without prior neutralization is viable, but it is necessary to obtain an industrial crude oil with less oxidation.
First seasonal investigation of the fatty acid composition in three organs of the Tunisian bivalve Mactra stultorum
Authors: Chetoui I. , Rabeh I. , Bejaoui S. , Telahigue K. , Ghribi F. , El Cafsi M.
Published: January 2019

This study reveals information for the first time about the total lipid (TL) content and fatty acid composition (FA) of Mactra stultorum (M. corallina). Three edible organs (foot, mantle and adductor muscle) were the subjects of this research in order to determine the most favorable periods for their consumption in relation to seasonal variability. The results showed lower lipid content in the adductor muscles in summer (12.73 ± 2.55 mg/g dry matter); while a higher content was observed in winter (28.97 ± 3.50 mg/g dry matter). However, similar lipid contents were observed in the mantle and foot tissues among the seasons. The fatty acid composition of Mactra stultorum adductor muscles, mantle and foot was dominated by saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Palmitic acid (16:0) was the major saturated fatty acid (SFA) and reached higher levels during summer in the foot (26%), mantle (21%) and adductor muscles (25%). Among PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) showed significant variation among seasons with high levels recorded during winter and spring. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) did not show any remarkable variation among seasons for the three studied tissues. Seasonal changes in fatty acids were observed for all samples, reaching a maximum level in winter or spring.
Akt-1 and Akt-2 Differentially Regulate the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Controlling Proliferation of Thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Ouyang Song , Zeng Qiuming , Tang Na , Guo Hui , Tang Rong , Yin Weifan , Wang Aimin , Tang Hongyu , Zhou Jiru , Xie Hong , Langdon Wallace Y. , Yang Huan , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2019

Akt isoforms play key roles in multiple cellular processes; however, the roles of Akt-1 and Akt-2 isoforms in the development of T cell–mediated autoimmunity are poorly defined. In this study, we showed that Akt1−/− mice develop ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, whereas Akt2−/− mice develop exacerbated EAE, compared with wild-type mice. At the cellular level, Akt-1 appears to inhibit proliferation of thymus-derived regulatory T cells (tTregs), which facilitates Ag-specific Th1/Th17 responses. In a sharp contrast to Akt-1, Akt-2 potentiates tTreg proliferation in vitro and in vivo and suppresses Ag-specific Th1/Th17 responses. Furthermore, treating mice with established EAE with a specific Akt-1 inhibitor suppressed disease progression. Our data demonstrate that Akt-1 and Akt-2 differentially regulate the susceptibility of mice to EAE by controlling tTreg proliferation. Our data also indicate that targeting Akt-1 is a potential therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis in humans.
Development and evaluation of a Planktonic Integrity Index (PII) for Jingpo Lake, China
Authors: Wang Xing , Liu Yan , Yin Xueyan , Zhao Xingru , Guo Rui , Zheng Binghui
Published: January 2019

A Planktonic Integrity Index (PII) for the China’s largest alpine barrier lake (Jingpo Lake) was developed to assess the water quality of Jingpo Lake by using phytoplankton and zooplankton metrics. Phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages were sampled at 26 sites in Jingpo Lake. A total of 140 species of phytoplankton and 92 species of zooplankton were obtained in the investigations. We used a stepwise process to evaluate properties of candidate metrics and selected five for the PII: Algal cell abundance, Species richness of algae, Trophic diatom index, Zooplankton Shannon index, and Zooplankton Margalef index. Evaluation of the PII showed that it discriminated well between reference and impaired sites and the discriminatory biocriteria of the PII were suitable for the assessment of the water quality of Jingpo Lake. The further scoring results from the 26 sites showed that the water quality of Jingpo Lake was fair to good. The results of analyses between PII and major environmental factors indicated that water temperature (WT), transparency (SD), dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate (CODMn) and total nitrogen (TN) were the main factors influencing on the composition and distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Additionally, more metrics belonging to habitat, hydrology, physics and chemistry should be considered for the PII, so as to establish comprehensive assessment system which can reflect the community structure of aquatic organisms, physical and chemical characteristics of water environment, human activities, etc.
Volume measurement for monitoring of edema treatment by electronic devices
Authors: Thomä Hans-Jürgen
Published: January 2019

Not available
Changes in African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) faecal steroid concentrations post-defaecation
Authors: Webber Judith T. , Henley Michelle D. , Pretorius Yolanda , Somers Michael J. , Ganswindt Andre
Published: January 2019

Background: Faecal hormone metabolite measurement is a widely used tool for monitoring reproductive function and response to stressors in wildlife. Despite many advantages of this technique, the delay between defaecation, sample collection and processing may influence steroid concentrations, as faecal bacterial enzymes can alter steroid composition post-defaecation.Objectives: This study investigated changes in faecal glucocorticoid (fGCM), androgen (fAM) and progestagen (fPM) metabolite concentrations in faeces of a male and female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) post-defaecation and the influence of different faeces-drying regimes.Method: Subsamples of fresh faeces were frozen after being dried in direct sun or shade for 6, 20, 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 and 34 days. A subset of samples for each sex was immediately frozen as controls. Faecal hormone metabolite concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays established for fGCM, fAM and fPM monitoring in male and female African elephants.Results: Hormone metabolite concentrations of all three steroid classes were stable at first, but changed distinctively after 20 h post-defaecation, with fGCM concentrations decreasing over time and fPM and fAM concentrations steadily increasing. In freeze-dried faeces fGCM concentrations were significantly higher than respective concentrations in sun-dried material, which were in turn significantly higher than fGCM concentrations in shade-dried material. In contrast, fAM concentrations were significantly higher in sun- and shade-dried faeces compared to freeze-dried faeces. Higher fPM concentrations were also found in air-dried samples compared to lyophilised faeces, but the effect was only significant for sun-dried material.Conclusion: The revealed time restriction for collecting faecal material for hormone monitoring from elephants in the wild should be taken into account to assure reliable and comparable results. However, if logistics allow a timely collection, non-invasive hormone measurement remains a powerful and reliable approach to provide information about an elephant’s endocrine status.
The rivalry between online and direct selling – Is there a winner?
Authors: Wait Marius
Published: January 2019

Orientation: With the advancement of technology and intense competition, many traditional direct selling companies have had to include an online sales channel to their offerings.Research purpose: This study investigated the adoption of technology concerning online selling in the direct selling environment.Motivation for the study: This study investigated whether there is a ‘winner’ between direct selling and online selling, as well as identifying the threats, impact and future of online selling in the direct selling environment.Research design, approach and method: The study adopted a qualitative approach. A postcard-type, open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from the directors of the direct selling companies. The collected data was analysed using inductive content analysis.Main findings: The main results indicate that online selling is here to stay and there is no winner between these two forms of selling.Practical/managerial implications: Managers should adopt a flexible approach to multichannel retailing as consumers dictate the consumption of sales channels in a multichannel sales arena.Contribution/value-add: Although this paper contributes on three levels – namely, theoretical, methodological and practical – it is the practical contribution that adds the biggest value and there is no golden formula in the structure of this multichannel sales system.
Две проблемы в теории дифференциальных уравнений
Authors: Leites Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2019

Дифференциальные уравнения, рассмотренные в терминах внешних дифференциальных форм, как это делал Э. Картaн, выделяют дифференциальный идеал в суперкоммутативной супералгебре дифференциальных форм, т. е. выделяют аффинное супермногообразие. Поэтому каждое дифференциальное уравнение имеет суперсимметрию (возможно, тривиальную). Суперсимметрии каких систем, составленных из классических уравнений, еще не найдены? Также обсуждается вопрос, почему критерии формальной интегрируемости дифференциальных уравнений до сих пор никогда не использовались на практике.
Пентагонные тождества, возникающие при расчетах в суперсимметричной калибровочной теории
Authors: Bozkurt Deniz N , Gahramanov Ilmar B
Published: January 2019

Статистические суммы трехмерных $\mathcal N=2$ суперсимметричных калибровочных теорий на различных многообразиях можно выразить через $q$-гипергеометрические интегралы. Путем сравнения статистических сумм трехмерных зеркальных дуальных теорий выведены сложные интегральные тождества. В некоторых случаях эти тождества можно представить в виде пентагонных соотношений. С помощью так называемого ($3d$-$3d$)-соответствия эти тождества часто интерпретируются как движение Пахнера 3-2 для триангулированных многообразий. Еще одним важным с точки зрения физических перспектив приложением пентагонных тождеств является возможность их использования для построения новых решений квантового уравнения Янга-Бакстера.
Integration of geomatics methodologies and creation of a cultural heritage app using augmented reality
Authors: Barrile Vincenzo , Fotia Antonino , Bilotta Giuliana , De Carlo Domenico
Published: January 2019

3D modelling of archaeological and historical structures is the new frontier in the field of conservation science. Similarly, the identification of buried finds, which enhances their multimedia diffusion and restoration, has gained relevance. As such sites often have a high level of structural complexity and complicated territorial geometries, accuracy in the creation of 3D models and the use of sophisticated algorithms for georadar data analysis are crucial. This research is the first step in a larger project aimed at reclaiming the ancient villages located in the Greek area of southern Italy. The present study focuses on the restoration of the village of Africo (RC), a village hit by past flooding. The survey began with a laser scan of the church of St. Nicholas, using both the Faro Focus3D and the Riegl LMS-Z420i laser scanner. At the same time, georadar analyses were carried out in order to pinpoint any buried objects. In the processing phase, our own MATLAB algorithms were used for both laser scanner and georadar datasets and the results compared with those obtained from the scanners’ respective proprietary software. We are working to develop a tourism app in both augmented and virtual reality environments, in order to disseminate and improve access to cultural heritage. The app allows users to see the 3D model and simultaneously access information on the site integrated from a variety of repositories. The aim is to create an immersive visit, in this case, to the church of St. Nicholas.

Highlights:

Use of different algorithms for registration of terrestrial laser scans and analysis of the data obtained.

3D acquisition, processing and restitution methodology from georadar data.

Implementation of a tourist app in both virtual and augmented reality by integrating geomatics methodologies.
“Pode pará” – Verbo Modal nas Sentenças Imperativas do Português Brasileiro: uma análise semântico-pragmática
Authors: Leal Ednei De Souza , Antunes Roger Alfredo De Marci Rodrigues , Conde Dirceu Cleber
Published: January 2019

Neste trabalho, procuraremos sugerir uma interpretação semântico-pragmática para as Sentenças Imperativas (Imp) no Português Brasileiro (PB) que se utilizam do verbo modal/operador modal “pode/poder”, ao contrário de outras interpretações que se constatam na literatura especializada, as quais sejam: interpretações sintáticas das Imp ou de uma semântica de base funcionalista. Aqui, ao contrário, procuraremos sugerir interpretações das Imp, tendo como fundamentação teórica as teorias Pragmáticas de Atos de Fala e um modelo bastante simplificado de Semântica Formal. A razão e o estímulo para tal trabalho surgem  da leitura de Jary e  Kissine (2014), obra que justamente procura interpretações semânticas e pragmáticas para as Imp. Assim, das diversas propostas teóricas apresentadas por aqueles autores, tomamos como pressuposto justamente a Semântica denotacional verifuncional e a Pragmática de Atos de Fala para procurar mostrar uma possibilidade de interpretação das Imp em PB.
A passiva possessiva em português: uma abordagem lexicalista com uma implementação computacional
Authors: Figueiredo de Alencar Leonel
Published: January 2019

A passiva possessiva constitui um dos fenômenos gramaticais mais discutidos das línguas do leste asiático. Em português, embora comum, foi discutida, segundo parece, unicamente por Lunguinho (2011; 2013; 2016), numa abordagem transformacional, utilizando exemplos construídos. No presente artigo, contrapomo-nos a essa abordagem tanto no plano teórico quanto no metodológico. Por um lado, propomos uma análise puramente lexicalista no quadro dos modelos não transformacionais LFG e LDG. Por outro, recorremos a evidências extraídas de textos autênticos. Essa dupla estratégia permite explicar dados que não se encaixam na proposta de Lunguinho. Argumentamos que as propriedades distintivas dessa passiva resultam de uma regra lexical que estende a estrutura argumental de ter pela incorporação de uma variável de predicado à sua forma semântica. Essa variável é vinculada a um argumento predicativo, tornando ter um verbo de controle do objeto do tipo equi.
A intrínseca relação entre concepções de língua e atividades didáticas de leitura: contribuições para a formação do professor de língua materna
Authors: Bartho Viviane Dinês De Oliveira Ribeiro , Claro Alessandra Aparecida De Castro
Published: January 2019

Dada a relação intrínseca entre concepções de língua e trabalho com a leitura em língua materna, discutimos, como objetivo amplo, as principais concepções de língua e como elas afetam as atividades de leitura. Especificamente, analisamos, sob o viés da Linguística Aplicada, exercícios baseados em livros didáticos, para fornecer subsídios aos educadores no processo de avaliação do material que têm em mãos e que vierem a elaborar. Defendemos que pressupostos de diferentes concepções de língua podem se complementar, tendo em vista os objetivos pedagógicos. Assim, um trabalho em sala de aula a partir de uma abordagem discursiva da língua, que parece, a nosso ver, melhor atender à pretensão de formação do leitor crítico, não exclui, necessariamente, atividades de análise linguística de tendência estruturalista. Concluímos que concepção de língua e atividade de leitura têm relação inerente, e que, portanto, o professor precisa conhecer tais teorias para que sua prática docente seja mais coerente e consciente, de acordo com cada realidade pedagógica.
O discurso como prática social
Authors: Oliveira Helio
Published: January 2019

Entrevista com o prof. Johannes Angermuller (WARWICK UNIVERSITY e EHESS)
Role of Occupational Therapy Practitioners in Mass Market Technology Research and Development
Authors: Proffitt Rachel , Schwartz Jaclyn K. , Foreman Matthew , Smith Roger O.
Published: January 2019

Performance of many activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living involve technology, such as an electric toothbrush or a self-checkout register at the grocery store. Unfortunately, more than 60 million people with disabilities in the United States struggle to use these technologies because of inaccessible designs. Occupational therapy practitioners have a unique expertise in the design of accessible equipment. Practitioners have been involved in the design of adaptive and assistive equipment targeting use by people with disabilities since occupational therapy’s beginnings. However, few occupational therapy professionals currently work in the research and development of everyday technologies. This article explores the role of the occupational therapy practitioner on the technology design team, discusses barriers to current practice, and makes recommendations to the profession.