bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact wideband balun bandpass filter based on half‐mode corrugated slot
Authors: Lu Jiayuan , Zhang Hao Chi , Wei Cunyue , Wang Jianpeng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2021

A design method of compact wideband balun bandpass filter (BPF) with high selectivity based on corrugated slot is proposed here. To realize wideband balun response in compact size, metal strips are deployed parallel to the half‐mode corrugated slot (HMCS). Besides, the coupling of corrugated slot to the metal stripline provides the conversion of slot to microstrip structure at the balanced ports. By placing a pair of resonators at the balanced ports, a wideband balun BPF response with high selectivity can be realized. In addition, a U‐shaped resonator is also loaded at the end of the corrugated slot to suppress harmonics. Afterwards, a compact wideband balun BPF centred at 2.42 GHz with 3‐dB FBW of 45% is designed, fabricated, and measured. The effective size is 0.13λg × 0.39λg (λg is the guided wavelength of the centre frequency) and the measured results indicate that the magnitude imbalance is less than 0.45 dB and the phase imbalance is less than 4.8° within the operation frequency band.
Ferroptose et cancer
Authors: Birsen Rudy , Grignano Eric , Chapuis Nicolas , Bouscary Didier
Published: September 2021

La ferroptose est un processus conduisant à la mort de la cellule avec, pour évènement final, l’accumulation létale de lipides peroxydés. Le fer libre intracellulaire est au centre des réactions entraînant la formation de ces lipides peroxydés. Un système antioxydant dédié à la détoxification de ces lipides permet de prévenir la mort cellulaire. Le processus de ferroptose est impliqué dans un grand nombre de maladies, notamment dans la pathogénie des maladies neurodégénératives et infectieuses et du cancer. Nous présentons dans cette revue les principaux acteurs cellulaires qui contrôlent la ferroptose et proposons une synthèse des données actuelles impliquant ce processus dans le cancer.
Cellules α et β du pancréas
Authors: Fischer Karen Leal , Jaffredo Manon , Lang Jochen , Raoux Matthieu
Published: September 2021

Les diabètes sucrés sont des maladies métaboliques graves en constante augmentation. Ils sont dus à des déficits de sécrétion et d’action de l’insuline, la seule hormone qui diminue efficacement la glycémie. L’insuline est sécrétée par les cellules β des îlots pancréatiques. Les cellules α, également présentes dans les îlots, libèrent du glucagon et ont des effets opposés à ceux des cellules β sur la glycémie. Longtemps considérée comme néfaste dans le diabète, la cellule α apparaît désormais comme un modulateur des cellules β, ce qui nécessite de prendre désormais en compte cette cellule sur le plan thérapeutique. Cette revue présente le fonctionnement des cellules β et des cellules α. L’implication des interactions dynamiques entre ces deux types cellulaires dans l’homéostasie du glucose, mais aussi celle des autres nutriments, est également décrite.
Education in the Volga Federal District in the second half of the 19th-20th centuries
Authors: Zakharischeva Marina Alekseevna , Scriabina Daria Yuryevna , Ichetovkina Nadezhda Mikhailovna , Romanov Aleksey Alekseyevich , Golubeva Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2021

The article attempts to present a holistic view of the theory, practice and history of the development of public education in the modern Volga Federal District in the chronological framework of the second half of 19-20th centuries. In order to achieve the presented goal of the research, we used theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, modeling, abstraction, classification, systematization, periodization) and historical and pedagogical methods of research, namely, comparison and contrast (comparativist), historical and structural and historical and typological. Within the geographical framework of the Volga Federal District as a complex sociocultural region with the cohabitation and interaction of different nationalities and confessions, the history of education in a holistic form has not been considered before. The authors proposed modern scientific and pedagogical methodological approaches to the analysis of the history of education of the region represented: pedagogical axiology, pedagogical regionalism, pedagogical comparativism, pedagogical synergetic, systemic-activity approaches. For the first time, the theory and practice of public education in the modern Volga Federal District are considered in the context of a unified historical and pedagogical process (without the traditional division into pre-revolutionary and Soviet stages). In addition to theoretical results of the historical and pedagogical research and practical: the formation of a bank of archival materials on the history of education in the republics and regions of the Volga Federal District; publication of the textbook “History of Public Education in the Volga Federal District”; publications in peer-reviewed journals devoted to the study of educational development in the Volga Federal District; organization and conduct of the Pedagogical Festival of Student Science of the Volga Federal District republics; as well as the preparation and production of a series of television programs about the history of the development of public education in the republics and regions of the Volga Federal District.
Study of personality accentuations based on a three-factor dichotomic typological approach
Authors: Malyshev Konstantin Borisovich , Sobolev Nikolay Gurgenovich , Chirkov Aleksey Modestovich , Ershova Nina Nikolaevna , Maltseva Tatyana Vyacheslavovna
Published: September 2021

A significant problem for practical psychologists is development of own methods necessary for particular and special cases of character research. This requires technologies for creating psychological diagnostic tools that might help to extend, streamline and show a complete picture of the personality, as well as a reliable system for validating the designed instrumentation. Practical psychology needs set forth a social mandate for the development of a classification technology highlighting psychological characteristics of individuals. Purpose of the research: creation of a new methodology for obtaining and measuring information concerning personality accentuations. Methods: a three-factor integrated dichotomic basic approach is used in modelling personality accentuations types and varieties of temperament. The respondents were represented by 187 students of Vologda State University. The research was carried out using the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) test and Holland’s Professional Test Guide. The correlation analysis was used as well in data processing. The validation of the new methodology for measuring personality accentuations was made in terms of constructive validity. The research results extend the scientific concept defining the role and significance of the processes structuring the personality-specific psychological information, based on the use of a dichotomic three-factor basic approach which in turn will contribute to the development of theoretical psychologist’s creative thinking. In addition, the results are aimed at obtaining complete and ordered measurement information on personality accentuations based on the application of the integrated-dichotomic three-factor basic typological approach that is of particular importance for the formation of practical psychologist’s theoretical reasoning. The research results can be used for the purpose of extension of the psychodiagnostic training content.
Impact of distance learning on the health of students at pedagogical universities
Authors: Zakorkina Natalya Arkadyevna , Kurdumanova Olga Ivanovna , Zharkikh Larisa Aleksandrovna , Gilyazova Irina Borisovna
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the problem of deteriorating health of students studying in a distance format has been very urgent. On the one hand, the volume of the teaching load, including interesting educational programs in the online format, is increasing; on the other hand, there are no sanitary rules governing the requirements for the educational process in universities. The research purpose is to establish the features of health disorders of distance learning students. A survey was conducted among full-time and distance learning students. Through the analysis of variance, the strength of the impact of each factor related to deviations in students’ health was determined. Statistical reliability was confirmed using variance and special tables. The conducted research identified informatively significant factors related to health deviations of distance learning students. The analysis of variance was used to assess the influence of factors and their strength. Reliability of the impact of factors was determined using variance and special tables. The results are reliable (p<0.001). The available literary sources do not cover the problem of ranking the leading factors. Among them, a decrease in physical activity, emerging sub-health forms, visual impairments, changes in the general psychoemotional state are of particular importance. The following conclusions can be done. The revealed features of health disorders in distance learning students are associated with a decrease in physical activity, the development of hypodynamia, emerging sub-health states, visual impairment, a change in the general psychoemotional state. The distance learning process shall be regulated by Sanitary Rules and Regulations developed for universities.
The influence of Worldskills technologies on the formation of professional competence of college students
Authors: Tropnikova Valeriya Valerievna
Published: September 2021

The international experience shows that the mechanism of the WorldSkills competitive movement contributes to the development of the vocational education system. The study aimed to consider the Russian competition movement Worldskills Russia (WSR), as part of the international movement in terms of research problems: what is the pedagogical potential of WSR technologies and how effectively it provides the formation of the necessary professional and general competencies of students of secondary vocational institutions in blended learning (for example, medical college). The subject of the analysis was Russian and foreign research related to the formation of the competition movement; special attention was paid on materials that reveal the use of WSR technologies in educational institutions of the secondary vocational education system. The questionnaire was used to get students’ vision of WSR, their motivation for participating in the WSR. It was determined that the development processes of WSR included: the formation of the legislative framework; the allocation and use of significant state budget funds for professional training of teachers with the receipt of certificates of WSR Experts; significant costs for conducting exams according to the WSR standard, aimed at increasing the competitiveness of specialists for the innovative economy of the Russian Federation. A survey of medical college students shows that the involvement of the student audience in professional competitions is not ubiquitous; only 24.6% of first-year students of the first-year vocational education system are informed about the WSR movement. Only 16.9% of students were motivated to participate in Worldskills competitions. The integration of Worldskills technologies into the educational process in the blended learning model, along with project activities, ensures the formation of the necessary professional and general competencies of students of secondary vocational institutions. Methodological guidelines for the practice of vocational education in preparation for Worldskills require the solution of a set of related pedagogical and didactic problems. The research results can be used in the educational process of the secondary vocational education system.
Digital Teacher for the 21st-century School 4.0
Authors: Fedorova Elena Nikolayevna , Berezina Tamara Ivanovna , Moskalenko Marina Sergeyevna , Tukshumskaya Anna Vladimirovna , Timokhina Yulia Yevgenyevna
Published: September 2021

The article deals with some pedagogical aspects of the digitalization of education. As it is shown in the article, the problem of digital education has been systematically analyzed and discussed for the last two decades by various analysts, researchers, and experts. Most of them consider the transition of education into its digital stage as the greatest turning point in the history of civilization and its culture. At present, teachers are facing quite new educational and pedagogical functions. The idea of a digital teacher as the leader of digital educational activity is in the focus of the analysis presented in the article. Educational platforms, online courses, digital textbooks, etc. influence on the transformation of the educational environment. Education is becoming more personalized. The content of teaching and learning is being changed radically according to its new values, meanings, orientations, as well as educational and pedagogical discourses. It is stressed in the article that teacher’s digital skills and competencies should be identified as the key professional pedagogical skills and competencies for his or her life-long learning, professional development and professional growth due to the challenges of the 21st-century knowledge, information and innovations society and education. To fulfill a system of professional-pedagogical and educational functions more effectively and to guarantee the optimal implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), it is quite necessary for teachers to have adequate skills and competencies that characterize his or her digital professional culture of teaching.
Involvement of schoolchildren of Buryatia and the TransbaikalTerritory in scientific activities
Authors: Shapieva Anna Viktorovna , Nolev Evgenii Vladimirovich , Ochirov Oleg Sergeevich
Published: September 2021

The study is aimed at determining the factors of motivation for research activities among schoolchildren of the Republic of Buryatia and the TransbaikalTerritory. The employed sociological approach in the study made it possible to analyze the cognitive and social needs of schoolchildren in research activity, to assess the influence and role of social factors (conditions of social life of students) in the formation and content of motives for research activities of schoolchildren, and also to distinguish schoolchildren’s expectations and opportunities needed to implement research activities. When organizing research work with students, developing a scientific infrastructure in education, the issues of student motivation acquire particular relevance. Taking into account the high level of the influence of a scientist’s image on the choice of student science-oriented specialization, strengthening the positive image of a scientist in society becomes an urgent task. Since teachers are the key figures in attracting schoolchildren to research, it is necessary to give priority attention to the methodical and methodological training of teachers in the field of research activities, along with providing scientific infrastructure for schoolchildren. The experience of implementation of scientific and educational projects “Scientific Accelerator” in Buryatia and the Science Festival “NAUKA 0+” in the TransbaikalTerritory showed that the competencies and methodological approaches in the field of research activities that students master within the framework of projects cannot always be developed inthe further educational process. At the same time, an important factor in motivating students is meeting with scientists who act as carriers of advanced academic knowledge and also form a positive image of the profession among students. The results of the study can be applied in the development of standards and rules for the implementation of educational activities.
Increasing the efficiency of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the context of distance learning
Authors: Altukhova Olga Nikolaevna , Vorobeva Galina Vasilevna , Ingemansson Arvid Ronaldovich , Ptitsyna Elena Aleksandrovna , Tiumentseva Elena Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

The article considers topical issues of organizing distance learning of teaching Russian as a foreign language at university in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study, based on the practice of working with foreign citizens, was to analyze the efficiency of university training of foreigners in Russian using Internet technologies. The work focuses on the importance and feasibility of using modern methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language to achieve optimal results of the educational process. Methodologically, the study is based on the basic principles and provisions of the systemic and structural-functional approaches. The authors of the article note that, contrary to the prevailing stereotype, distance learning is a rather promising form of organizing the educational process with a number of positive aspects. It contributes to the successful solution of basic pedagogical tasks, allowing foreign students to form both linguistic and professional competence in Russian universities. The article concludes that in modern conditions, Russian as foreign language teachers should constantly improve their level of technical literacy, choosing from a significant number of opportunities provided by the worldwide network, optimal for achieving the educational tasks set in a specific situation. Besides, the successful organization of the distance learning process is not possible without a fundamental rethinking of methodological guidelines and techniques used by a teacher. According to the authors, special attention is paid to methods of productive influence on the educational motivation of foreign students. Such balanced approach guarantees high efficiency of the distance educational process in teaching Russian as a foreign language.
Hochintensives Intervalltraining in der kardiologischen
Rehabilitation: Anders, aber besser?
Authors: Nebel Roland
Published: September 2021

Körperliches Training ist eine klinisch bewährte,
kosteneffektive, primäre Intervention zur Prävention und
Behandlung zahlreicher chronischer Erkrankungen. Ergebnisse einer Meta-Analyse
zur Primärprävention zeigen, dass unabhängig von Alter
und Geschlecht eine signifikante inverse Beziehung zwischen der
Bewegungsintensität und der Gesamtsterblichkeit besteht. Bei Gesunden
ist die relative Intensität, nicht aber die Dauer der Belastung mit
einer Senkung sowohl der Gesamt- wie auch der KHK-Mortalität verbunden,
bei älteren Menschen eine höhere Trainingsintensität mit
einem größeren positiven Effekt auf die KHK-Inzidenz
assoziiert.

Intervalltraining ist gekennzeichnet durch einen Wechsel von Belastungs- und
Erholungsphasen. Diese Form des Trainings ermöglicht, in den
Belastungsphasen wiederholt über einen definierten Zeitraum eine hohe
Intensität aufrechtzuerhalten. Es wird oft als angenehmer empfunden und
ermöglicht, ein effektives Training in kürzerer Zeitdauer zu
absolvieren. Dies ist bedeutsam vor dem Hintergrund, dass
„Zeitmangel“ die meistgenannte Barriere bei der Adhärenz
an körperliche Aktivität ist.

Bereits in den 1990er-Jahren wurden im Setting der kardiologischen Rehabilitation
erste Erfahrungen mit Intervalltraining bei Patienten gesammelt. Bisherige
Untersuchungen zeigen übereinstimmend, dass hohe
Trainingsintensitäten auch von Patienten mit hohem
kardiovaskulärem Risiko bzw. manifesten, stabilen und
medikamentös adäquat therapierten Herzkreislauferkrankungen gut
toleriert werden und nicht mit einem erhöhten Risiko für den
individuellen Patienten einhergehen.

Bei zukünftigen rehabilitationswissenschaftlichen und anwendungsbezogenen
Untersuchungen des Intervalltrainings sollte differenzierter der Impetus auf
Einhaltung der vorgebenden Protokolle, d.h. des Gesamt-Energieumsatzes) gelegt
werden, um für spezifische Patientengruppen differenzierte Empfehlungen
geben zu können.
Stirn- und Kinndekubitus bei beatmeten COVID-19-Patienten in Bauchlage – ein ungelöstes Problem?
Authors: Köberich Stefan , Sommer Markus , Merkel Markus , Anne von Zepelin Lyn , Otto Pia , Spitz-Köberich Christine
Published: September 2021

Patienten mit einem schweren Lungenversagen profitieren davon, in Bauchlage positioniert zu werden. Dabei besteht allerdings die Gefahr, dass sich im Gesichtsbereich Dekubitus entwickeln. Betroffen sind derzeit auch viele COVID-19-Patienten. Die Erkrankung selbst und deren Therapie begünstigen die Dekubitus-Entstehung. In der Uniklinik Freiburg hat man sich die betroffenen Patienten genauer angesehen und die Erkenntnisse aus Studien und beschriebenen „Best-practice-Beispielen“ umgesetzt, um Dekubitus vorzubeugen.
Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis of Fetuses with Bilateral Enlarged, Hyperechogenic Kidneys: Renal Volume and Amniotic Fluid Volume with Advancing Gestation
Authors: Morr Ann-Katrin , Mosimann Beatrice , Tschumi Sibylle , Surbek Daniel , Raio Luigi
Published: September 2021

Introduction This study’s objective was to identify prenatal criteria helping differential diagnosis of bilateral enlarged, hyperechogenic kidneys, especially looking at development of renal volume and amniotic fluid volume with increasing gestational age.

Method Retrospective analysis (single-center database) of all bilateral enlarged, hyperechogenic kidneys between 2000–2018. Renal enlargement was defined as renal volume>90th percentile. Evaluation included development of renal and amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy and fetal outcome.

Results 23 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 12 pregnancies were terminated. For 11 continued pregnancies, longitudinal information on amniotic fluid volume and renal volume were available. 4 cases with oligohydramnios showed a progressive reduction; 6 cases with normal/increased amniotic fluid volume remained stable; in 1 case amniotic fluid volume normalized from initially being oligohydramnios. Regarding renal volume, 4 cases showed exponential enlargement, 3 cases linear progression; in 2 cases renal volume stabilized after initial progression; 2 cases showed initial progression and secondary regression. 4 fetuses survived: 3 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases, 1 Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Conclusion Progressive reduction of amniotic fluid volume with exponential increase of renal volume is highly suggestive for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease show a linear progression of renal volume>90th percentile and mostly normal amniotic fluid volume.
Choroid Plexectomy for Hydrocephalus Management in a Pediatric Patient with a Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Collins Reagan A. , Tu Brittany , Nagy Laszlo
Published: September 2021

Choroid plexectomy is a debated surgical intervention for the treatment of hydranencephaly and chronic infected hydrocephalus. We present a case of a 2-year-old with multiple shunt revisions and hydrocephalus secondary to a pilocytic astrocytoma. He presented with new somnolence, vomiting, and abdominal distension 5 months post subtotal tumor resection, with a history of shunt revisions and infections related to his chemotherapy-induced low white blood cell count. He underwent choroid plexus coagulation and resection. Three years post choroid plexectomy, the patient continues to meet neurodevelopmental milestones and is shunt independent. While ventricular shunt placement is the most common course of treatment, choroid plexectomy should be considered as an alternative treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to other neurological disorders, especially when the patient is immunocompromised, to avoid the recurrent infections seen with shunt placement.
From Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immune Response to Cancer Onset via Molecular Mimicry and Cross-Reactivity
Authors: Kanduc Darja
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives Whether exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may predispose to the risk of cancer in individuals with no prior cancers is a crucial question that remains unclear. To confirm/refute possible relationships between exposure to the virus and ex novo insurgence of tumors, this study analyzed molecular mimicry and the related cross-reactive potential between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (gp) antigen and human tumor-suppressor proteins.

Materials and Methods Tumor-associated proteins were retrieved from UniProt database and analyzed for pentapeptide sharing with SARS-CoV-2 spike gp by using publicly available databases.

Results An impressively high level of molecular mimicry exists between SARS-CoV-2 spike gp and tumor-associated proteins. Numerically, 294 tumor-suppressor proteins share 308 pentapeptides with the viral antigen. Crucially, the shared peptides have a relevant immunologic potential by repeatedly occurring in experimentally validated epitopes. Such immunologic potential is of further relevancy in that most of the shared peptides are also present in infectious pathogens to which, in general, human population has already been exposed, thus indicating the possibility of immunologic imprint phenomena.

Conclusion This article described a vast peptide overlap between SARS-CoV-2 spike gp and tumor-suppressor proteins, and supports autoimmune cross-reactivity as a potential mechanism underlying prospective cancer insurgence following exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Clinically, the findings call for close surveillance of tumor sequelae that possibly could result from the current coronavirus pandemic.
Negotiation of knowledge for coastal management? Reflections from a transdisciplinary experiment in South Africa
Authors: Celliers Louis , Scott Dianne , Ngcoya Mvuselelo , Taljaard Susan
Published: September 2021

Hybrid science-society approaches for knowledge production are often framed by a transdisciplinary approach. Most forms of “linear” progression of science informing policy or the “production” of knowledge as a one-way process are increasingly being challenged. This is also true for coastal and marine sciences informing decision-making to support sustainable development of coastal areas. From the early 2010s, South Africa had one of the most progressive and well-structured frameworks for the establishment of integrated coastal management (ICM) in order to achieve societal objectives for its valuable coastal area. Even so, the implementation of the legislation, policies and guidelines remain a challenge, especially at the local level in municipalities. This paper reports on a social experiment that was intended to examine the possibility for a new knowledge negotiation process to unsettle the highly structured, nested and regular policy process, which forms the basis of ICM in South Africa. This paper reflects on an experimental application of a participatory methodology known as a “competency group” to co-produce knowledge for coastal and marine management. The group members, a combination of codified, tacit and embedded knowledge holders, agreed to serve on a competency group and met on six occasions over a 12-month period in 2013. This group “negotiated” amongst themselves to achieve a common understanding of knowledge useful for the management of beach water quality on the Golden Mile, the prime beachfront of Durban, a South African city. The paper provides a novel lens into a potentially distinctive, challenging and imminently useful approach of co-producing knowledge for coastal governance, especially in a middle-income country where the social and political context is complex.
Bandgap mechanism and vibration reduction property of wave-resistance sleeper with negative effective mass density
Authors: Cui Rixin , Zhou Jinsong , Gong Dao , Tian Shiqiao
Published: September 2021

Based on the capability of controlling low-frequency elastic waves in solids with subwavelength size, locally resonant phononic crystals have potential applications in track vibration reduction. By periodically embedding 3D locally resonant unit cells (LRUCs) in a concrete matrix, a wave-resistance sleeper with a negative effective mass density is proposed, and the generation mechanism of the bandgap and parameter sensitivity are studied. Furthermore, the vibration mitigation performance of the wave-resistance sleeper applied to the ballastless track is analyzed. The results show that the local resonance of the LRUC results in negative responses in the wave-resistance sleeper to the vibration excitation, and a bandgap is generated in this frequency range. By changing the elastic modulus of the coating or the core density, the boundary frequencies of the bandgap of the wave-resistance sleeper can be effectively adjusted, and the bandwidth can be expanded by increasing the ratio of core radius to coating thickness, or by increasing the filling fraction, and adopting a thinner steel spherical shell. The bandgap of the wave-resistance sleeper was verified by test results. Based on the local resonance mechanism, the wave-resistance sleeper can effectively prohibit vibrations at multiple design frequencies from transmitting to the track bed.
How people feel about their job: effects of regulatory mode on positivity and job satisfaction (¿Cómo se sienten las personas sobre su trabajo?: los efectos del modo regulatorio en la positividad y la satisfacción laboral)
Authors: Lo Destro Calogero , Di Santo Daniela , Pierro Antonio , Talamo Alessandra , Alessandri Guido , Caprara Gian-Vittorio
Published: September 2021

The main goal of the present study was to analyse the effects of regulatory modes (i.e., assessment and locomotion) on both positivity and job satisfaction. Furthermore, we explored the mediating role of positivity in the relationship between regulatory modes and job satisfaction. In order to test our hypotheses, we recruited employees ( N = 563) from 8 Italian organizations, and obtained their individual (a) scores on the Regulatory Mode Scale, (b) ratings of positivity, and (c) overall job satisfaction. Two separate moderated multiple regression analyses were run to test the main effect and the interactions of the regulatory modes on the two outcome measures. In line with our hypotheses, the results revealed that assessment negatively predicted both positivity and job satisfaction, whereas locomotion positively predicted those variables. Furthermore, the results showed that employees showing a specific self-regulation pattern (i.e., the combination of high assessment and low locomotion) experienced lower positivity and lower job satisfaction. Finally, using a mediated moderation analysis, it was found that the relationship between regulatory modes and job satisfaction was significantly mediated by positivity.
Establishment of an HPLC Method for Determination of Coumarin-3-Carboxylic Acid Analogues in Rat Plasma and a Preliminary Study on Their Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Xiong Yan , Liu Yong-Hong , Li Jian-Sha , Zhang Yu-Ying , Zhang Jing , Gong Tao , Jiang Xin-Hui
Published: September 2021

A simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid analogues (C3AA) in rat plasma and a preliminary study on pharmacokinetics. Ferulic acid (FA) was used as the internal standard substance, and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (C3A) was used as a substitute for quantitative C3AA. After protein precipitation with methanol, the satisfactory separation was achieved on an ODS2 column when the temperature was maintained at 30 ± 2°C. The correlation coefficient r in the C3A linear equation is equal to 0.9990. Pharmacokinetic parameters for t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, area under the curve (AUC)0-t, average residence time (MRT), apparent volume of distribution (V z/F) and clearance (Cl/F) were 1.89 ± 0.03 h, 0.39 ± 0.14 h, 1.81 ± 0.10 g· mL−1 ·h, 7.88 ± 0.24 g·mL−1·h, 3.23 ± 0.14 h, 0.43 ± 0.03 (mg·kg−1)·(g·mL−1)−1·h−1, respectively. The high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method established in this study can be used to separate and determine the content of C3AA in plasma of rats after 60% ethanol extraction by gavage. The plasma concentration-time curve and pharmacokinetic parameters reflect the absorption of C3AA in rat blood after oral administration to some extent.
Acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing invasive management treated with bivalirudin vs. unfractionated heparin: insights from the MATRIX trial
Authors: Landi Antonio , Branca Mattia , Andò Giuseppe , Russo Filippo , Frigoli Enrico , Gargiulo Giuseppe , Briguori Carlo , Vranckx Pascal , Leonardi Sergio , Gragnano Felice , Calabrò Paolo , Campo Gianluca , Ambrosio Giuseppe , Santucci Andrea , Varbella Ferdinando , Zaro Tiziana , Heg Dik , Windecker Stephan , Jüni Peter , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Valgimigli Marco ,   for the MATRIX Investigators
Published: September 2021

Aims

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing invasive management. The value of adjunctive antithrombotic strategies, such as bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) on the risk of AKI is unclear.

Methods and results

Among 7213 patients enrolled in the MATRIX-Antithrombin and Treatment Duration study, 128 subjects were excluded due to incomplete information on serum creatinine (sCr) or end-stage renal disease on dialysis treatment. The primary endpoint was AKI defined as an absolute (>0.5 mg/dL) or a relative (>25%) increase in sCr. AKI occurred in 601 patients (16.9%) treated with bivalirudin and 616 patients (17.4%) treated with UFH [odds ratio (OR): 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–1.09; P = 0.58]. A >25% sCr increase was observed in 597 patients (16.8%) with bivalirudin and 616 patients (17.4%) with UFH (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.85–1.08; P = 0.50), whereas a >0.5 mg/dL absolute sCr increase occurred in 176 patients (5.0%) with bivalirudin vs. 189 patients (5.4%) with UFH (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.75–1.14; P = 0.46). By implementing the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, the risk of AKI was not significantly different between bivalirudin and UFH groups (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.72–1.07; P = 0.21). Subgroup analyses of the primary endpoint suggested a benefit with bivalirudin in patients randomized to femoral access.

Conclusion

Among ACS patients undergoing invasive management, the risk of AKI was not significantly lower with bivalirudin compared with UFH.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov NCT01433627.
Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane Bumble Bees
Authors: Lozier Jeffrey D , Parsons Zachary M , Rachoki Lois , Jackson Jason M , Pimsler Meaghan L , Oyen Kennan J , Strange James , Dillon Michael E
Published: September 2021

Biogeographic clines in morphology along environmental gradients can illuminate forces influencing trait evolution within and between species. Latitude has long been studied as a driver of morphological clines, with a focus on body size and temperature. However, counteracting environmental pressures may impose constraints on body size. In montane landscapes, declines in air density with elevation can negatively impact flight performance in volant species, which may contribute to selection for reduced body mass despite declining temperatures. We examine morphology in two bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus Latreille) species, Bombus vancouverensis Cresson and Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski, across mountainous regions of California, Oregon, and Washington, United States. We incorporate population genomic data to investigate the relationship between genomic ancestry and morphological divergence. We find that B. vancouverensis, which tends to be more specialized for high elevations, exhibits stronger spatial-environmental variation, being smaller in the southern and higher elevation parts of its range and having reduced wing loading (mass relative to wing area) at high elevations. Bombus vosnesenskii, which is more of an elevational generalist, has substantial trait variation, but spatial-environmental correlations are weak. Population structure is stronger in the smaller B. vancouverensis, and we find a significant association between elevation and wing loading after accounting for genetic structure, suggesting the possibility of local adaptation for this flight performance trait. Our findings suggest that some conflicting results for body size trends may stem from distinct environmental pressures that impact different aspects of bumble bee ecology, and that different species show different morphological clines in the same region.
Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants
Authors: Jelley Chloe , Barden Phillip
Published: September 2021

Visual systems in animals often conspicuously reflect the demands of their ecological interactions. Ants occupy a wide range of terrestrial microhabitats and ecological roles. Additionally, ant eye morphology is highly variable; species range from eyeless subterranean-dwellers to highly visual predators or desert navigators. Through a comparative approach spanning 64 species, we evaluated the relationship between ecology and eye morphology on a wide taxonomic scale. Using worker caste specimens, we developed two- and three-dimensional measurements to quantify eye morphology and position, as well as antennal scape length. Surprisingly, we find limited associations between ecology and most eye traits, however, we recover significant relationships between antennal scape length and some vision-linked attributes. While accounting for shared ancestry, we find that two- and three-dimensional eye area is correlated with foraging niche and ommatidia density is significantly associated with trophic level in our sample of ant taxa. Perhaps signifying a resource investment tradeoff between visual and olfactory or tactile acuity, we find that ommatidia density is negatively correlated with antennal scape length. Additionally, we find that eye position is significantly related to antennal scape length and also report a positive correlation between scape length and eye height, which may be related to the shared developmental origin of these structures. Along with previously known relationships between two-dimensional eye size and ant ecology, our results join reports from other organismal lineages suggesting that morphological traits with intuitive links to ecology may also be shaped by developmental restrictions and energetic trade-offs.
Multiplatform Assessment of Saliva for SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Detection in Symptomatic Healthcare Personnel and Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Potter Robert F , Ransom Eric M , Wallace Meghan A , Johnson Caitlin , Kwon Jennie H , Babcock Hilary M , Eby Charles S , Anderson Neil W , Parikh Bijal A , Burnham Carey-Ann D
Published: September 2021

Background

Saliva has garnered great interest as an alternative specimen type for molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data are limited on the relative performance of different molecular methods using saliva specimens and the relative sensitivity of saliva to nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs.

Methods

To address the gap in knowledge, we enrolled symptomatic healthcare personnel (n = 250) from Barnes-Jewish Hospital/Washington University Medical Center and patients presenting to the Emergency Department with clinical symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; n = 292). We collected paired saliva specimens and NP swabs. The Lyra SARS-CoV-2 assay (Quidel) was evaluated on paired saliva and NP samples. Subsequently we compared the Simplexa COVID-19 Direct Kit (Diasorin) and a modified SalivaDirect (Yale) assay on a subset of positive and negative saliva specimens.

Results

The positive percent agreement (PPA) between saliva and NP samples using the Lyra SARS-CoV-2 assay was 63.2%. Saliva samples had higher SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values compared to NP swabs (P < 0.0001). We found a 76.47% (26/34) PPA for Simplexa COVID-19 Direct Kit on saliva and a 67.6% (23/34) PPA for SalivaDirect compared to NP swab results.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate molecular assays have variability in performance for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.
Introduction
Authors: Abramowitz Jonathan S. , McKay Dean , Storch Eric A.
Published: September 2021

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was once considered a rare and untreatable condition. Over the past half-century, however, a dramatic surge in research has led not only to a clearer understanding of this problem but also to the realization that it is fairly common and impairing, afflicting up to about 3% of the population. When the prevalence and functional impairment are considered together with the anxiety and distress that individuals with this OCD experience, one recognizes that this condition represents a significant public health concern. With this in mind, the present volume focuses on advances and emerging clinical implications in the field of OCD and related disorders with respect to assessment, treatment, treatment augmentation, and basic science.
Misophonia
Authors: Clark Lisa , McKay Dean
Published: September 2021

Misophonia is a recently described condition that is marked by extreme adverse reactions to select classes of trigger sounds. It has recently received attention as a putative diagnosable condition, and specifically as a member of the class of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Adverse reactions may include physiological responses, emotional responses, and behaviors. Common trigger sounds include gustatory and respiratory noises and other sounds created by humans but vary widely among affected individuals. This chapter describes misophonia, including coverage of other audiological conditions that need to be ruled out in potential cases, the current state of assessment, and brief consideration of treatment approaches. Future clinical and research directions are highlighted.
Orthorexia Nervosa and the Use of Exposure and Response Prevention to Treat Eating-Related Obsessions and Compulsions
Authors: Zickgraf Hana F.
Published: September 2021

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed diagnosis involving rigid, intrusive thoughts and unusual beliefs about healthy eating, associated with restrictive eating behaviors. People with ON may avoid specific foods, food additives, dyes, or preservatives, and non-organic or genetically modified foods seen as “impure” or “unnatural,” often engaging in compulsive checking, reassurance seeking, decontamination, or other rituals to ensure that food “rules” are followed and that food is “healthy” and “pure.” ON is distinguished from healthy orthorexia, a non-impairing interest in healthy eating and nutrition. The distinction between ON and eating disorders involving obsessions about weight and shape and restrictive eating motivated by fear of weight gain is less clear. In this chapter, ON and related eating disorder symptoms associated with the diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are conceptualized as obsessive-compulsive phenomena. Special considerations for exposure and response interventions for patients with clinically significant restrictive eating are described, including recommendations for when to refer patients to eating disorder specialists.
Incompleteness, Not Just Right Experiences, and Reward Sensitivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Minaya Charlene , McKay Dean
Published: September 2021

Incompleteness, “not just right” experiences (NJREs), and reward sensitivity are constructs that have recently been the subject of intense research investigation in the obsessive-compulsive literature. Incompleteness refers to an underlying sense that something is not finished or has not been completed to one’s personal satisfaction. NJREs are sensations of discomfort experienced in response to external triggers or stimuli related to a sense of incompleteness. Reward sensitivity relates to individual variability in labeling, pursuing, and learning from reward stimuli. This chapter reviews the nature of each construct, associated historical underpinnings, assessment, and treatment. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions.
Stress, Trauma, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Forte Jennifer , Badour Christal L. , Brake C. Alex , Tipsword Jordyn M. , Adams Jr. Thomas G.
Published: September 2021

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) represent a newly defined category of disorders that include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, and skin-picking disorder. Many environmental factors can influence the etiology and expression of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and OCD, such as exposure to environmental stressors, including traumatic and other life stressors. Stressors include incidents and experiences that disrupt a person’s homeostatic state and can range from mild acute stressors to traumatic stressors. Although all stressors are inherently stressful, most of them are not traumatic in nature. Although multiple researchers have reviewed the contributions of stress and trauma on OCD, currently no reviews exist that consider the associations among stress, trauma, and the other putative OCRDs. This chapter reviews the extant literature on the associations among OCRDs and stress, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder and discusses how these factors may influence the incidence, etiology, expression, and treatment of OCRDs.
Co-occurrence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bedford Saashi A. , Hunsche Michelle , Kerns Connor M.
Published: September 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and, similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), restricted and repetitive behaviors. The restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests that are characteristic of ASD often resemble the obsessions and compulsions of OCD, which can make it difficult to distinguish or differentiate the two conditions. A common challenge in diagnosing comorbid ASD and OCD is the apparent overlap in symptoms between the two disorders. This chapter discusses the differentiation between OCD and ASD, the assessment and diagnosis of OCD within the context of ASD, and the treatment of this presentation of OCD.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Krafft Jennifer , Petersen Julie M. , Twohig Michael P.
Published: September 2021

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a cognitive-behavioral therapy that developed out of behavior analysis with the goal of addressing the impact of language and cognition on human behavior. Theoretical, experimental, cross-sectional, and intervention studies on ACT for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), as well as the development of assessment instruments to measure related constructs, have been conducted. This chapter provides an update on this scholarly work and basic guidance on how ACT can be used in the treatment of OCRDs. The chapter begins with a review of the basics of ACT, as well as the research supporting its use with OCRDs. The rest of the chapter covers the assessment, case conceptualization, and implementation of ACT.
Couple-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Buchholz Jennifer L. , Abramowitz Jonathan S. , Hellberg Samantha N. , Ojalehto Heidi J.
Published: September 2021

For a number of reasons, it may be critical to involve a romantic partner or spouse in exposure and response prevention (ERP) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Indeed, relationship stress focal to OCD is associated with greater symptom severity, a more severe course, and poor global functioning. Research also indicates that involving partners or spouses to serve as coaches for their OCD-affected partners during ERP improves the efficacy of this treatment. This chapter describes the nature and treatment of OCD, focusing on interpersonal dynamics, and outlines a couple-based ERP program for individuals with OCD who are in long-term relationships. Case examples are included to illustrate the techniques used in this program.