bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Lieder der Liebe: Die ältesten und schönsten aus Morgenlande / Songs of Love: The Oldest and Most Beautiful from the Orient
Authors: Herder Johann Gottfried
Published: September 2017

He kisses me

With the kisses of his mouth:

For your love is sweeter than wine.

Like the fragrance of your sweet ointment,

So too is your name

A soothing balm:

Thus, the maidens give you their love.

Draw me unto you! …

We hasten; me …...
Epilogue
Authors: Herder Johann Gottfried , Bohlman Philip V.
Published: September 2017

With a final contextualizing chapter, Philip V. Bohlman interprets Herder’s 1769 sea journey as a metaphor for the writings on music and nationalism, and for his sweeping influence on the history of ideas that we attribute to modernity. Dramatically leaving his post as pastor and director of religious life for the German community of Riga, Herder embarked on a sea journey that would provide him with the new experiences that would shape his approaches to anthropology, education, philosophy, religion, the universal history of humanity, and music. The 1769 sea journey, captured in the notes of an extensive journal Herder never published, acted as an ethnomusicological epiphany that would establish the encounter with folk songs lying ahead as the foundations for understanding world music.
Fantasy & Fantasy (2)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses the key concepts and logic that undergird the remainder of the book. Given that they come centrally from Freud, Laclau and Mouffe, Žižek, and, above all, Lacan, this does not make for the easiest reading. With much of this material, and especially with so cumbersome an apparatus as Lacan's, there is no such thing as excursus; retelling is always telling anew. Lacan's teachings were initially an oral practice, and his most important concepts often couple a form that is iterable but empty, with a radically open and proliferating content. Rehearsal, like dream interpretation, is the work. While the author's own extra-excursus does not pretend to be a revolutionary reading of Lacan, it does take up the challenge of retelling itself, and provides what is hoped will be one of a growing number of important resources for music students interested in the Freudian–Lacanian lineage.
Fantasy & Fantasy (3)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter argues that the present of postmodernism has come to seem like a stalled present, an agitated but idle meanwhile. This is precisely what Hasselhoff, Rostropovich, and Bernstein were trying to do, consciously and unconsciously: to show this perpetual present coming into being by putting on a show. It then considers the possibility that the pieces by Berio (Rendering), Goebbels (Befreiung), and Szymański (Kaleidoscope) are also doing the same thing. Rendering, Kaleidoscope, and Befreiung seem still to believe in modernity, or at least they wish for it and want it to appear, which is to say they act as subjects of a desire for modernity. In this they heed, before the fact, the first of Jameson's “four maxims of modernity”: they “cannot not periodize.” No one has told them that History is over. They seem still in the grip of “a powerful act of dissociation whereby the present seals off its past from itself and expels and ejects it.”
Freiheitsdreck (3)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses how Befreiung, Kaleidoscope, and Rendering create on their own a series of strange counternetworks, all linked by a common endeavor on the part of European composers to invite some “Other music” into the immediate heterotopian space of the work, and also the greater, more conceptual domain of New Music, and submit it to some form of analysis, un-tying, breaking apart, traversal. For every Rendering, semaphoring its alienated bond to a canonical past, there is also a far less direct work such as György Ligeti's seventh piano étude, “Galamb borong,” whose pidgin title mashes up Balinese and Hungarian roots to conjure a music from an island that does not exist—hence the étude's coexistence in two distinct networks, “Nowheres” and “Composer-as-Ethnographer.” These thematic networks confound many of the more venerable taxonomies of style and school active at the time (and far beyond it).
Repetition (1)
Authors: Brodsky Seth
Published: September 2017

It has been previously argued that Berio, Goebbels, Szymański; Gervasoni, Hölszky, Riehm, Kröll, Schnebel; Ruders, Leyendecker, Andriessen; Dusapin, Kagel, Lachenmann, Penderecki, Katzer, Nono, are all repeating something. This chapter considers what they are repeating. Certainly they are repeating “themselves.” This collection of repetitions also clarifies one thing: any rhetoric of “break” here, of whatever the opposite of repetition might be, would have to remain deaf to a past these works are carrying constantly with them. It is an “immediate past” already much more than immediate, opening onto an unprecedentedly rich terrain of artifacts and attitudes near and far.
The Letter Collection of Evagrius of Pontus
Authors: Young Robin Darling
Published: September 2017

The letter collection of Evagrius of Pontus has an idiosyncratic history. Only fragments of the original Greek collection survive, but 62 letters have been preserved in their Syriac translation in relatively few manuscripts. The letters’ exclusive focus on the idiosyncrasies and hardships of the monastic life seems to suggest that Evagrius designed his collection on the model of Anthony the Great’s small letter collection. Evagrius’s letters constitute a record of his dealings with his students and are informed by a complex esotericism, which connects them with the rest of Evagrius’s works.
The Letter Collection of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus
Authors: Sogno Cristiana
Published: September 2017

The collection of Symmachus’s letters is one of the largest to survive from Antiquity, but the notorious brevity and apparent emptiness of the letters have been until recently the object of scholarly censure and dismissal. A careful and unbiased approach, however, suggests that the carefully wrought brevitas of Symmachus’s letters is a creative response to the challenges posed by the greater restrictions imposed on letter writing in his times. Ultimately, an interesting tension emerges between the autobiographical monumentality of the macrotext, represented by the letter collection as a whole, and the exemplary brevity of the letters, miniature works of art in their own right.
The Letter Collections of Jerome of Stridon
Authors: Cain Andrew
Published: September 2017

The 123 genuine letters that constitute Jerome’s epistolary corpus showcase his literary ingenuity, and recent scholarship has established Jerome’s sophistication as a letter-writer and skillful exploitation of the epistolary medium for the purposes of self-presentation. Unlike some of his epistolographic peers, Jerome never planned to publish a large collection of his letters organized in multiple books. Rather, by the mid-point of his literary career, Jerome had released a selection of his letters in two discrete and unrelated collections, the Ad Marcellam epistularum liber and the Epistularum ad diversos liber. The chapter focuses on the latter in order to reconstruct its original contents, analyze its themes, and suggest the specific circumstances under which Jerome may have compiled and released it.
The Letter Collection of Ennodius of Pavia
Authors: Kennell Stefanie A. H.
Published: September 2017

No correspondence from the episcopate of Ennodius of Pavia is preserved. The oldest (Carolingian) manuscripts present his 311 surviving letters mingled with compositions in various other genres, not arranged into separate books by their author. Since the 17th century, scholars have applied various ordering principles to the letters, all leading to different diagnoses of Ennodius’ style and significance but the author’s intentions must be inferred from the numerous addressees, themes (including devotion, gratitude, health, education, family ties, property, and ecclesiastical matters), and language of individual items as he composed them.
The Letter Collection of Procopius of Gaza
Authors: Westberg David
Published: September 2017

The Christian sophist Procopius of Gaza (c. 465–after 526) is connected to a collection of 174 letters that includes 169 letters by Procopius’s hand are preserved together with an additional five to him from his addressee Megethius. The recipients and contents of the letters are diverse. The letters are addressed to a large number of friends, relatives and colleagues, to fellow students, other sophists, and pupils. They contain advice, requests for favors and recommendations. Taken together, Procopius’s letters offer a rich image of sophistic self-fashioning amidst a redistribution of spiritual and earthly power between the traditional aristocratic elite and an up-and-coming class of church authorities. In other words, the letters of this Christian sophist reflect a historical moment in the transition from Late Antiquity to Byzantium.
Prison School
Authors: Simmons Lizbet
Published: September 2017

Public schools across the United States have turned to the criminal justice system as a gold standard of discipline. As public schools and offices of justice have become collaborators in punishment, rates of African American suspension and expulsion have soared, dropout rates have accelerated, and prison populations have exploded. Nowhere, perhaps, has the War on Crime been more influential in broadening racialized academic and socioeconomic disparity than in New Orleans, Louisiana, where in 2002 the criminal sheriff opened his own public school at the Orleans Parish Prison. “The Prison School,” as locals called it, enrolled low-income African American boys who had been removed from regular public schools because of nonviolent disciplinary offenses, such as tardiness and insubordination. By examining this school in the local and national context, this book shows how young black males are in the liminal state of losing educational affiliation while being caught in the net of correctional control. This book asks how schools and prisons became so intertwined. What does this mean for students, communities, and a democratic society? And how do we unravel the ties that bind the racialized realities of school failure and mass incarceration?
Soldiers’ Song
Authors: Decker Todd
Published: September 2017

The use of popular music in post-Vietnam Hollywood war films has varied depending on the war being depicted. Swing, the popular music of World War II, goes almost entirely unrepresented in films depicting that war. Films about Vietnam have exploited the rich resource of popular music from the 1960s to characterize significant racial and class differences among American soldiers, typically pitting black Motown and soul music against white country music. Draft scripts for Apocalypse Now reveal how that film might have used late 1960s rock to emphasize the pathological nature of the American effort in Vietnam. Popular music in films about the all-volunteer, post-hip hop military suggest that racial tensions have abated, with a racial mix of soldiers enjoying a variety of musics. Films about twenty-first-century soldiers have almost no popular music, eliding well-documented practices of contemporary soldiers and denying civilian audiences potential points of connection by way of popular culture.
Are Girls Taking Over the World?
Authors: Pomerantz Shauna , Raby Rebecca
Published: September 2017

This chapter sets the context for the book by explaining and then challenging the notion that girls are taking over the world because they have been positioned as the new dominant sex in education. Linked to boys’ failure, girls’ success is both celebrated as ‘real’ girl power and criticized as the feminization of schools and the toppling of the traditional gender order. Set against the backdrop of post-feminism and neo-liberalism, this chapter explores how girls have come to be seen as ‘having it all’, though they still struggle in ways made invisible by the ‘successful girls’ narrative.
Driven to Perfection
Authors: Pomerantz Shauna , Raby Rebecca
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the media construction of the supergirl, or a girl who is not only academically successful, but also skilled at sports, extra-curricular activities, and social life. No other example seems to offer better proof that girls today have it all. Yet, the stories relayed to us by girls who might be deemed ‘supergirls’ suggest that this kind of intensive success comes at a price. The stress and anxiety associated with maintaining perfection is daunting and potentially damaging to girls, who push themselves beyond reasonable limits to stay on top. Such consequences are further compounded by the invisible privilege of class-based and family advantages that very few girls can access.
Cool to Be Smart
Authors: Pomerantz Shauna , Raby Rebecca
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, we focus on two themes that offer glimpses into places in smart girls’ lives where possibilities for social transformation might be fostered. First, we explore ways that some of the girls in our study were contesting popular femininity through micro-resistances. These small yet potentially influential challenges to popular femininity help shift the landscape of girlhood by subtly expanding who and what a (smart) girl can be. Second, we focus on the importance of school culture in fostering girls’ comfort with academic success. If the culture of the school was open to less traditional forms of gender and sexuality, it seemed that smart girls had a much better chance of thriving rather than hiding. Finally, we conclude with a renewed call for greater care in making broad statements – in media outlets and academic research – about girls and boys in school. Greater attention is needed to intersections of identity, such as gender, ‘race’, class, sexuality, age, and nationhood, including privileges and disadvantages that cut across these categories.
Introduction
Authors: Friedman Elisabeth Jay
Published: September 2017

The introduction sets out the conceptual framework and main subjects of the book. It acquaints readers with a feminist sociomaterial approach, which analyzes technology and society, particularly its gendered aspects, as an integrated whole, by insisting on the need to analyze internet practices in context. It also explains why Latin American feminist and queer counterpublics are ideal sites for the evaluation of global trends in digitally enhanced activism. This has been the Global South region at the forefront of internet adoption, as well as one where long-standing, vibrant, and diverse gender- and sexuality-based organizing has achieved notable successes in terms of political representation, legal reform, and identity recognition. The introduction also delves into why counterpublics are a key “information ecology” in which to study the mutual constitution of internet and society. It then covers the field research upon which the analysis is based, and offers an overview of the remaining chapters.
The Promise of Beige
Authors: Doherty Gareth
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the promise of green through beige. Desert plants, such as the spiky and leafless shrublet 'Āgūl and Kaff Maryam, turn bright green after the spring rains, temporarily creating a green landscape that is otherwise beige, brown, or silver. This area of greenery that covers the desert excites some Bahrainis that they call it jangily. Furthermore, many desert plants are attributed healing qualities, as evidenced in the Bahraini herbal waters famous for their medicinal properties. Green is present in beige through its promise—a promise often fulfilled and maintained through water.
Space
Authors: Heller Michael C.
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses the physical spaces of the lofts, exploring how the surrounding environment afforded certain types of performer and listener experience. In contrast to architectural accounts of loft conversions for high-end housing—which often romanticize the industrial history of old factories—musicians' accounts tended to be largely devoid of nostalgia for a bygone era. Instead, descriptions of loft jazz venues generally focused on the creative possibilities enabled by the presence of large, raw spaces. By emphasizing the liberatory potential of blank space, rather than the nostalgic echoes of industrial place, organizers stressed underlying values of reclamation and community-building. The chapter goes on to consider descriptions that referenced markers of domesticity in loft venues, a factor that carried additional resonances in regard to gender politics.
Aftermaths and Legacies
Authors: Heller Michael C.
Published: September 2017

This concluding chapter assesses the ongoing resonance of the loft era by examining multiple musical legacies that emerged in the aftermath of the loft era. So much of the New York jazz avant garde continues to revolve around musician-organized practices, which often share many of the concerns noted throughout this book. These include: an ongoing concern with ideals of freedom, both as a musical value and a political program for self-determination; a community-oriented focus, aimed at bringing together artists and listeners; efforts to build and/or repurpose spaces for cultivating artistic practices; and relying on a combination of cooperative DIY practices and funding through grants and city arts programs. Through the efforts of artist-organizers, New York has continually managed to maintain an active and intergenerational community of improvisers, many of whom hold direct ties to the loft era.
LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Messinger Adam M.
Published: September 2017

Many nations today recognize intimate partner violence (IPV) in romantic-sexual relationships as a major public health threat, yet not all victims are treated equally. Contrary to myths, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, and queer (LGBTQ) people are more likely to experience IPV than heterosexual-cisgender people. Unfortunately, LGBTQ victims face major barriers to reaching safety in a world that too often stigmatizes their identities and overlooks their relationships when forming victim services and policies. Offering a roadmap forward, LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence: Lessons for Policy, Practice, and Research is the first book to synthesize nearly all existing research from the past forty years on this pressing issue. At once highly organized and engaging, it provides evidence-based tips for academic and nonacademic audiences alike.
Introduction
Authors: Messinger Adam M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter invites readers into the hidden world of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, and queer (LGBTQ) people. It begins by debunking common myths of LGBTQ IPV, myths that have been shaped in part by homophobia, transphobia, and a historic emphasis on heterosexual-cisgender (HC) relationships in the global IPV-prevention movement. Unfortunately, even today, these myths contribute to systemic failings in how LGBTQ IPV is addressed throughout the world. Collectively, these myths and the lack of concrete support for LGBTQ victims have rendered LGBTQ IPV largely invisible. This chapter—and, indeed, the book—contends that many answers to this problem actually already exist in research, if only they could be extracted. With this in mind, the goal of this book is to comprehensively review the past forty years of LGBTQ IPV English-language research from throughout the world—the first book to do so. Just as significantly, the book mines this literature for evidence-based tips regarding future policy, practice, and research, tips that are shared at the close of each chapter. This introductory chapter concludes with a brief guide to the upcoming chapters and the terminology used throughout the book.
How do we Know What we Know?
Authors: Messinger Adam M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter details the challenges in studying LGBTQ IPV and tips for improving future research. It begins by examining differing epistemologies (i.e., beliefs about what research is and is not capable of learning) and how this has informed the types of research scholars have been willing to conduct. Given that the vast majority of LGBTQ IPV research thus far has involved survey methodologies—be it qualitative or quantitative, entailing interviews or questionnaires—the chapter then moves into two of the key hurdles in conducting surveys on this topic. First, IPV measurement issues are addressed, including differentiating IPV from other types of interpersonal crimes, sensitivity versus specificity in IPV survey measurement, not omitting or merging distinct types of IPV, choosing an appropriate time frame in which IPV may have occurred, adequately distinguishing victimization from perpetration, and adequately designing IPV measures for LGBTQ populations. Second, population issues are unpackaged, including how to define the LGBTQ population, challenges in probability and non-probability sampling, and a series of additional sampling issues. The chapter concludes with implications for future policy, practice, and research.
Excerpt from “St Besse: A Study of an Alpine Cult”
Authors: Hertz Robert
Published: September 2017

The works of French sociologist Robert Hertz (1881–1915) are now staple readings in general anthropology. This study of the cult of a saint in the Italian Alps is lesser known than Hertz’s celebrated essay on the symbolism of death and sin, “Death and the Right Hand” (1907), yet it remains a model of classic ethnography. Hertz was raised in a devout Parisian Jewish family, studied at the École Normale Supérieure under Émile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, and later became a critical member of the famous Année Sociologique group. The influence of the Année—its concern with theoretically driven, detailed, holistic, and integrative analyses of social phenomena—can be seen in his essay “Saint Besse: Étude d’un culte alpestre” (first published in 1913 in the French Revue de l’Histoire des Religions and translated into English in 1988).1 The essay is a painstaking, eloquent ethnohistory, locating Saint Besse intimately in divergent paths of regional history and local tradition, where Saint Besse’s shrine in a rocky Alpine overhang is, quite literally, embedded in the landscape. The essay portrays beautifully the independent spirit of popular Catholicism, especially in the flexibility of the hagiography of Saint Besse, which allows each community—whether mountain peasants or village dwellers, even church authorities—to lay claim to the saint through the qualities he is seen to manifest: the courage of a soldier, the moral stature of a bishop, and the devotion of a pious shepherd. The work is methodologically unorthodox for a Durkheimian, for Hertz not only draws on oral and archival sources, popular, local, and ecclesiastical traditions, but also has left his Parisian armchair for direct, “participant observation” in the field. In the Italian Alps, as elsewhere, a vibrant popular Catholicism evolves from pagan, telluric sources, sometimes articulating with official Catholicism, sometimes not. In typically Durkheimian fashion, Hertz describes the tremendous power of Saint Besse to knit together diverse communities of people morally and physically through collective religious devotion. In Hertz’s focus on Saint Besse as a material source and mediator of social identity we can read this work as a precursor to many other great ethnographies on Catholic saints (popular and more official), whether in Europe, Latin America, or elsewhere. But we can also read in the essay the political and moral vision of a socialist, activist—and Jewish—scholar who saw in a popular rural Catholic saint cult the vitality of community life that he might have seen as missing in his own social milieu of pre–World War I France.
Marking Memory
Authors: Kaell Hillary
Published: September 2017

Across rural Quebec twenty-foot devotional crosses stand tall along the waysides. A tradition inherited from France, lay people constructed crosses on or near their property, especially during the "Marian century" (c. 1850s-1950s). Today, most associated devotional practices, including group prayers, have almost disappeared. Yet approximately 3,000 crosses remain and their continued existence defies the predictions of an earlier generation of "folklore" specialists who, in the 1970s, concluded that their demise was imminent. This chapter argues that the secularization model that drove that prediction, and contemporary post-secularization models are inadequate conceptual frameworks for understanding the experience of being at the wayside cross. Drawing instead on recent work in anthropology of prayer, it traces how the crosses are central nodes in generationally shifting ‘prayerscapes’. In other words, the changing nature of the Catholic Church in Quebec has not only made people pray for different things, but has also changed the kind of prayers they say. This chapter traces the evolution of prayer by drawing on the large archive amassed over a ten-year study of the crosses in the 1970s, and on fieldwork conducted from 2012-14.
Catholicism and the Study of Religion
Authors: Meyer Birgit
Published: September 2017

This chapter argues that deeper knowledge about Catholic religiosity – regarding theological ideas, rituals as well as everyday practice – is important to allow for a shift in perspective so as to bring into the picture aspects that remain blind spots as long as religion is explored through a mentalistic (Protestant) lens. Turning to Catholicism as an alternative archive allows for a critique of the Protestant legacy that shaped the master narrative of modernity as well as the study of religion across the world and offers fresh insights for conceptualizing and approaching religion from a material angle. The point is that paying attention to Catholic religiosity is helpful to further flesh out an approach to religion that acknowledges the role of the body, objects and human practice in generating a sense of divine presence. This approach should ultimately transcend the mental-material distinction, as well as the spectrum of Christianity.
Intersectional Inequality and Women’s Imprisonment
Authors: Owen Barbara , Wells James , Pollock Joycelyn
Published: September 2017

In addition to witnessing and documenting women’s experience with imprisonment, this book offers offer a new analysis of the contemporary prison by re-framing the questions of trouble and violence as a further expression of broader societal inequalities and human rights violations. Combining this more structural critique with a human rights approach to imprisonment expands our understanding beyond the individualized and pathology-based explanations of women’s prison experiences. The way forward is based on this structural appraisal of the consequences of imprisonment, providing direction towards reducing unnecessary suffering and increasing prisoners’ capital inside prison and once released.
Gendered Human Rights and the Search for Safety
Authors: Owen Barbara , Wells James , Pollock Joycelyn
Published: September 2017

Women’s prisons, because they are unsafe, have become the site of state-sponsored suffering in reproducing and reinforcing multiple forms of inequality in the gendered harm of imprisonment. Using the concept of state-supported suffering, women’s prisons harm women and their life chances in unnecessary ways. Overt gender discrimination in the wider society and within the prison adds another punishing layer to the gendered cumulative disadvantage faced by justice-involved women. A focus on human rights reframes the discussion and directs attention to both reducing women’s imprisonment through non-custodial measures and incorporating a human rights approach based on respect, dignity and non-discrimination within the prison. The promise of the Bangkok Rules and other human rights instruments provide the way forward.
Order and the City
Authors: Caimari Lila
Published: September 2017

This chapter considers accounts of the situation in Buenos Aires in the wake of the 1930 global economic crisis on Buenos Aires. Historians have painted divergent pictures of porteño society and the political and economic turbulence that played out. There are two distinct (and rather disconnected) methods of periodization that yield two very different narratives. The first perspective views 1930 as a year of structural change, the passage between a relatively worry-free decade and one of unprecedented drama and complexity. The second narrative, largely centered in the city of Buenos Aires, works around the notion of an “interwar” period. In this view, the period from 1920 to 1945 is bookended by two major transformations: the rise of the demographic and agro-exportation boom on the one hand, and Peronism on the other.
Introduction
Authors: Markarian Vania
Published: September 2017

The introduction provides in-depth historical context on Uruguay in the mid-twentieth century in order to better understand the specifics of what happened in 1968. It also situates the complex interactions between culture and politics that led to the emergence of a new generation of leftist activists under the influence of global youth trends, while providing an overview of the relevant schorlarship on these topics.
Colonial Reason, Sensibility, and the Ethnographic Style
Authors: Hodžić Saida
Published: September 2017

Chapter 1, Colonial Reason, Sensibility, and the Ethnographic Style analyzes the colonial history of efforts to regulate and criminalize cutting in northern Ghana in order to examine the durable traces they left on the present and to expand and retool postcolonial feminist analysis. I want to account for the forms of power-knowledge, affect, and ordering of the world and desires to change it that stretch from colonialism to the present. I show that imperial interventions entailed anti-colonial opposition from within by regional officers posted in what is today northern Ghana whose politics were shaped by a white man’s burden to protect the natives from other white men and women. By examining the larger British governance of northern Ghana, we are able to see how violence and dispossession were enmeshed with the feminist will to knowledge, anthropological taxonomies, and benevolent appreciation of cultural difference and its codification for purposes of securing colonial rule.
Making Harmful Traditional Practices
Authors: Hodžić Saida
Published: September 2017

Chapter 2, Making Harmful Traditional Practices, examines the Ghanaian problematization of cutting as a “harmful traditional practice,” and contextualizes it within governance discourses and policies that conceptualize poverty in northern Ghana as an effect of harmful traditions. It shows that the codification of harmful traditions is embedded in the larger frameworks of modernization and development that have shifted over time. The national discourse of harmful traditions is the primary mode of problematizing northern poverty; it draws on neoliberal technologies of recognizing scarcity while shifting the responsibility for it to northern Ghanaians and their traditions. I suggest that anti-cutting campaigns employ this notion to mediate the fraught relationship between Ghana’s North and South and the place of the North in the Ghanaian polity. I suggest that the public embrace of this problematization results from the construction of northern Ghana as a counterpoint to southern civilization and modernity and a site for displacing national lack, shame, and disorder.
Introduction
Authors: Imoagene Onoso
Published: September 2017

Idowu Damola grew up in a poor family in a very bad neighborhood in a large New Jersey city.1 He recalls walking along the glass-strewn block where he lived, “with people yelling and screaming and fighting. It was a pretty run-down place.” His big break came when he won a full scholarship to an elite all-boys prep school in Connecticut. After he graduated, Idowu went on to study business and finance at Yale University, one of the top ten universities in the United States. At the time I spoke with him, Idowu had just started working as an investment broker on Wall Street. To get there, he had taken advantage of affirmative action opportunities available to black people in the United States. His progression from a “run-down” street in urban New Jersey to a coveted white-collar job on Wall Street is an American success story, a story that exemplifies the promise many immigrants see in America....
On the Horns of Racialization
Authors: Imoagene Onoso
Published: September 2017

Chapter 5 discusses the endpoints of the ethnic identification journey of the Nigerian second generation. A key endpoint is that they are integrating into the black middle class. The chapter utilizes the minority culture of mobility framework to examine how respondents’ middle class status affects how they interact with their proximal hosts and how their experiences in and interactions with white people in professional settings affect their identity. The chapter uses respondents’ experiences of racial discrimination, exhibitions of racial solidarity, voting patterns, use of class as a sorting mechanism to order interactions with proximal hosts and develop middle-class identities, and in the United States, their views on whether black immigrants and their children should benefit from affirmative action policies, to illustrate how the Nigerian second generation balance race and ethnicity and how race intersects with ethnicity and class in British and American societies. The chapter discusses how in the extremely important arena of the workplace, the experiences of British respondents differ from those of their American counterparts. They have experienced more racism and discrimination living in Britain, racism that is more often covert than overt. This chapter tells their stories of growing up different from Caribbeans and their experiences of discrimination, which has engendered feelings of not belonging to Britain.
Washington Defines a New Nativism
Authors: Hayes-Bautista David E.
Published: September 2017

Latinos were categorized by new nativists as a dysfunctional urban underclass minority group that led a lifestyle sharply at odds with the accepted American values-based lifestyle: unemployed and not seeking work, dependent on welfare, families broken, and suffering from major health problems. However, data from 1940 to 2000 showed that, compared to other racial and ethnic groups, Latinos have consistently had the strongest work ethic, lowest use of welfare, highest rate of business establishment, strongest families, and unexpectedly good health outcomes, such as the longest life expectancy.
Der Ring des Nibelungen
Authors: Berger Karol
Published: September 2017

The Ring, though many years in gestation (1848-74), was essentially the fruit of Wagner’s politically most radical anarchist period concurrent with and immediately following the mid-century revolts. The nineteenth century was obsessed by the Myth of Revolution, the myth that was one of that century’s two most baleful legacies to the one that followed (the other one was the Myth of Nation). In Wagner’s tetralogy this obsession found its arguably grandest artistic expression. Inspired by Feuerbach, Proudhon, and Bakunin, it is a poem intoxicated by the orgy of destruction of the old world in which humans compete for power and riches and by the hopeful anticipation of the world to come, the world of spontaneous solidarity and love—an anarchist utopia.
Crafting Ethical Connection and Transparency in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Mahoney Dillon
Published: September 2017

As connecting to the global economy has torn individual traders from the decades-old co-operative societies, a wave of “witchcraft” accusations and market burnings have helped illuminate the importance of the crafts industry’s moral economy of creativity and innovation and the ongoing debate about what ethical and moral development looks like in Kenya. Ideas of ethics and transparency, as produced through the application of a Fair Trade sticker, strategically erase complex economic and ethical realities while simultaneously indexing ideas of digital modernity and ethical citizenship. A Fair Trade sticker shines a selective light on marketable realities while simultaneously obscuring those inconvenient to marketing crafts. This new wave of ethical branding and NGO aesthetics enables a “race to the bottom” by businesspeople to find and organize the most exploitable artisans (the handicapped, single mothers, homeless children) into workshops and artisan organizations that explicitly market the marginality of the producers.
Conclusion
Authors: Mahoney Dillon
Published: September 2017

The art of connection concludes with a discussion of what the experiences of Kenyan traders and culture brokers can tell us about globalization, development, and digital-power divides today. As the application of a Fair Trade sticker obfuscates complex economic realities, talking strictly of a digital divide in Kenya distracts attention from the historical formation of social inequality and masks the actions of certain powerful political, corporate, and development elites. Despite the hype for “Africa Rising,” ethnic and political tensions remain important. But the stories in this book are also optimistic and about innovation and tenacity. They also demonstrate that ethnic networks and the Kenyan government alike have the potential to bring security rather than insecurity. While connecting to the global economy comes with all types of new risks, new ethical branding and NGO aesthetics help Kenyans produce a sense of trust and transparency that is otherwise lacking and, therefore, central to maintaining Africa’s connection to the rest of the world today.
Forecasting
Authors: Shin Youseop
Published: September 2017

Chapter Four explains how to predict future values based on the estimated time series model or with algorithms and how to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated model.
Time Series Analysis with Two or More Time Series
Authors: Shin Youseop
Published: September 2017

Chapter Six explains time series analysis with one or more independent variables. The dependent variable is the monthly violent crime rates and the independent variables are unemployment rates and inflation. This chapter discusses several topics related to the robustness of estimated models, such as how to prewhiten a time series, how to deal with trends and seasonal components, how to deal with autoregressive residuals, and how to discern changes of the dependent variable caused by independent variables from its simple continuity. This chapter also discusses the concepts of co-integration and long-memory effect and related topics such as error correction models and autoregressive distributive lags models.
Narratives and Counternarratives
Authors: Cobb L. Stephanie
Published: September 2017

Chapter Five contextualizes the claims about the martyrs’ experiences by investigating ways this discourse of painlessness builds upon or resonates with existing discourses. Assertions of impassibility in martyrdom, for instance may reflect interactions with the broader discourse of Stoic philosophy. Additionally, the discourse of painlessness may reflect communal appropriation of certain eschatological expectations about resurrected bodies and future rewards. This chapter, furthermore, examines ways that Christian claims to impassibility subvert pagan constructions of Christianity. Pagans constructed Christians as suffering and in pain at their prosecutorial hands. Christian claims to impassibility, then, function as a counter-narrative, as a challenge to the description of pagan judicial triumph.
The Sib Matrix
Authors: Bird-David Nurit
Published: September 2017

Although in many tiny-scale forager-cultivator societies, residential cores comprise intermarried siblings, this pattern tends to remain invisible in ethnography. This chapter explores general causes of this ethnographic neglect (e.g., a large-scale-biased register that sees a hamlet’s members as residents and breaks a population down in terms of gender and age). It provides scale-sensitive ethnography of locals’ notions of a “good marriage,” the local scarcity of spouses, and the sib developmental cycle, with emphasis on visiting one’s married siblings; all aspects shed light on the sibling residential cores. Claude Lévi-Strauss famously suggested that the development of human society is predicated on men trading sisters for wives, instantiating exchange logic and alliance between groups. This ethnography illustrates a far different pattern: that of sequential sibling marriages that shape and reshape the contours of the forager group.
Couples and Children
Authors: Bird-David Nurit
Published: September 2017

The foragers’ tiny-scale context has been largely overlooked in discussions of foragers’ gendered division of labor, child-care, and alloparenting. Ethnography spanning ritual, foraging pursuits, narratives of conjugal attachment, child-care practices, and notions of growing up reveals the cultural salience of conjugal bipresence and children orbiting conjugal nuclei. Cautioning against cross-scalar slippages, this chapter shows locals’ primary concern to be not with the parent-child attachment but with the spousal attachment, and it reveals a cultural register in which children’s departure from their parents at a young age does not index individual autonomy as the essence of growing up but, to the contrary, the development of budi (~ the skills of living with diverse others).
Nonhuman Kin
Authors: Bird-David Nurit
Published: September 2017

Theories of indigenous ontologies have depicted forager-cultivator worlds populated by human and nonhuman persons or even by societies of humans and nonhumans, ignoring the tiny-scale context of indigenous life. The idea of multiple unispecies societies is especially incongruent with tropical forest ecosystems (especially the Amazonian), where, rather than sameness, diversity of beings is striking at any particular locale. Through ethnography of spirit possession (during the “big animistic visit”) combined with glimpses into myths, interspecies kinship, and ad hoc approach to classification, this chapter depicts the foragers’ heterogeneous (human and nonhuman) community of being and the being-with instead of being like that is its ontological basis.
Life in Lisbon and the Casa do Espirito Santo, 1807–33
Authors: Dutton George E.
Published: September 2017

This chapter turns to an examination of the quotidian elements of Binh’s life in Lisbon after the prince regent’s departure for Brazil in 1807. It begins with a discussion of the French occupation of Lisbon and the hardships that Binh witnessed and experienced, noting the numerous parallels he wrote of with his experience of civil war in Tonkin. It discusses the implications of the ruler’s departure and Binh’s being stranded in Portugal for how he understood his situation, arguing that Binh had now become a diasporic individual who thought about himself and his situation in distinctly different ways. The chapter then examines Binh’s writings about civic institutions and life in Lisbon in the early 19th century. It looks at his descriptions of libraries, of the postal service, the public lottery, public safety institutions, and medical care. It also looks in detail at his description of Portuguese food as he experienced it in his Oratorian dining hall. It concludes with a discussion of the key events in his later life: the restoration of the Jesuit order, his attempts to sail to Brazil to join the prince regent, and the deaths of his remaining companions.
Narratives of Active Citizenship
Authors: Braunstein Ruth
Published: September 2017

Chapters 3 traces how Interfaith’s and the Patriots’ shared commitment to the ideal of active citizenship began to refract into two different group styles of active citizenship. Specifically, this chapter identifies a key process through which the groups’ developed different ways of imagining what it meant to be an active citizen in practice. Both groups drew on American culture and history to develop narratives of active citizenship, yet the groups’ narratives highlighted different combinations of characters, events and plotlines that coalesced into different ideal-typical models of active citizenship—the prophet and the patriot. The fact that they told such different stories about the origins and development of the American democratic project reveals profoundly different democratic imaginaries—ways of understanding how democracy works and the proper role of active citizens in it. Consequently, when these narratives were referenced in the course of the groups’ efforts, they offered different blueprints for their action.
“Good” Appearances
Authors: Roth-Gordon Jennifer
Published: September 2017

This chapter describes how poor dark-skinned male youth turn to language to talk their way out of potentially dangerous and always uncomfortable encounters with the military police in Rio de Janeiro. In order to “improve” their racial appearance to look and sound more like (white) upstanding citizens instead of (black) criminals, youth embrace cultural and linguistic practices that include the use of polite and civilized speech, demonstrations of their familiarity with standard Portuguese, and the avoidance of slang. They work to present “boa aparência” (literally a “good appearance”), a term that is used here to describe a continued social imperative to engage in “whitening.” They seek to achieve a racial status that is described as a “situational whiteness” which does not entail that youth “feel” or identify as white but does improve their chances of acquiring citizenship rights and diminishing the effects of racism.
A Soul for Trees
Authors: Higgins Richard , Higgins Richard
Published: September 2017

Trees helped Thoreau express his deeply religious nature. They were his spiritual guides and companions to his soul. This is true despite Thoreau’s withering criticism of formal religion. He searched for a truer religion in nature. Trees were “shrines” and “burning bushes” that disclosed the divinity in nature to him. Thoreau accepted this as a mystery. Trees knew things he would never know. “Their secret is where you are not and where your feet can never carry you.” They also symbolized an immortality to Thoreau. A tall white pine in Maine was “as immortal as I am, and perchance will go to as high a heaven, there to tower above me still.”
My Emblem, The Pine
Authors: Higgins Richard , Higgins Richard
Published: September 2017

Thoreau felt a deep affinity for Pinus strobus, Eastern white pine, the tallest tree east of the Rockies. He called it the emblem of his life. He loved its erect posture, how its whorled branches jutt almost horizontal to its ramrod straight trunk. The pine was a sign of nature’s vigor. The scent of pines was an elixir to him. He identified with the pine’s wild spirit. Nothing stands up more free from blame than a pine tree. White pines played a big role in American history. Sought for masts by England, they became an early symbol of American identity. The tallest pines are not gone. Researchers have found 17 white pines in Massachusetts at least 160 feet.
A Kingdom of Primitive Oaks
Authors: Higgins Richard , Higgins Richard
Published: September 2017

In 1860, Thoreau’s life was focused on trees. In October, he surveyed Concord’s woods and concluded it had no old-growth trees. In November he was amazed to find a forest of old-growth oaks “waving and creaking in the wind” only eight miles away in Boxborough. It was Inches Wood, a forest that had not been cut. He saw the ancient oaks as vestiges of how nature looked in pre-colonial New England and he portrayed them as symbols of hidden riches that we do not value. The oaks elicited some of Thoreau’s strongest calls to preserve trees. But his prediction they would be cut down proved true. They were made into ships timbers for the Union Navy in the Civil War.
Deuteronomy and the Invention of the Torah
Authors: Collins John J.
Published: September 2017

Torah is first used in the sense of Law in Deuteronomy. The core of Deuteronomy dates from the late monarchy, but it was probably not promulgated by Josiah. It only became authoritative after the collapse of the monarchy.