bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unrealistic parental expectations for cure in poor‐prognosis childhood cancer
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Cronin Angel M. , Uno Hajime , Shusterman Suzanne , Twist Clare J. , Bagatell Rochelle , Rosenberg Abby , Marachelian Araz , Granger M. Meaghan , Glade Bender Julia , Baker Justin N. , Park Julie , Cohn Susan L. , Levine Alyssa , Taddei Sarah , Diller Lisa R.
Published: October 2019

Background

Many parents of children with advanced cancer pursue curative goals when cure is no longer possible. To the authors' knowledge, no pediatric studies to date have prospectively evaluated prognosis communication or influences on decision making in poor‐prognosis childhood cancer.

Methods

The authors conducted a prospective cohort study at 9 pediatric cancer centers that enrolled 95 parents of children with recurrent or refractory, high‐risk neuroblastoma (63% of those who were approached), a condition for which cure rarely is achieved. Parents were surveyed regarding the child's likelihood of cure; their primary goal of care; the child's symptoms, suffering, and quality of life; and regret concerning the last treatment decision. Medical records identified care and treatment decisions.

Results

Only 26% of parents recognized that the chance of cure was <25%. When asked to choose a single most important goal of care, approximately 72% chose cure, 10% chose longer life, and 18% chose quality of life. Parents were more likely to prioritize quality of life when they recognized the child's poor prognosis (P = .002). Approximately 41% of parents expressed regret about the most recent treatment decision. Parents were more likely to experience regret if the child had received higher intensity medical care (odds ratio [OR], 3.14; 95% CI, 1.31‐7.51), experienced suffering with limited benefit from the most recent treatment (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.16‐19.72), or experienced suffering from symptoms (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.18‐7.16).

Conclusions

Parents of children with poor‐prognosis cancer frequently make decisions based on unrealistic expectations. New strategies for effective prognosis communication are needed.
The usefulness of lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 and androgen receptor in diagnosing solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas on cytopathology
Authors: McHugh Kelsey E. , Stelow Edward B. , Harrison Grant P. , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C.
Published: October 2019

Background

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is an uncommon tumor that is challenging to diagnose on cytology due to morphologic overlap with other pancreatic neoplasms. Recently, putative diagnostic markers for SPN have been reported in the surgical pathology literature, with nuclear positivity for lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) and androgen receptor (AR) identified in >90% and >80% of cases, respectively. In the current study, the authors sought to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of LEF1 and AR on SPN cytology specimens and available corresponding surgical resection specimens.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies against LEF1 and AR on 19 SPN cytology cases and 15 corresponding follow‐up surgical resection specimens from 2 institutions. To evaluate specificity, the authors stained 23 non‐SPN tumors diagnosed on cytology with corresponding surgical specimens (4 acinar cell carcinomas, 9 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and 10 ductal adenocarcinomas). Positivity for LEF1 and AR was defined as any nuclear staining within neoplastic nuclei.

Results

LEF1 was found to be positive in 18 of 19 cytology cases (94.7%) and 15 of 15 corresponding surgical resection specimens (100%). AR was positive in 4 of 16 cytology cases (25.0%) and 4 of 15 corresponding surgical resection specimens (26.7%). Among non‐SPN tumors, LEF1 demonstrated a specificity of 87% whereas the specificity for AR was 100%.

Conclusions

LEF1 for SPN on cytology material was found to demonstrate a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 87%. Although AR was found to have a specificity of 100%, its sensitivity was lower (25%). LEF1 could be a valuable immunostain on cytology cell block material for the diagnosis of SPN. However, the same may not hold true for AR.
Sequestration of CO2by Phosphatrane Molecules
Authors: Sánchez‐Sanz Goar , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Trujillo Cristina
Published: October 2019

The stationary points for the reaction between the CO2and nine different phosphatranes molecules have been characterized by means of MP2 computational methods. Two minima structures have been located: a pnicogen bonded complex where one of the oxygen atoms of CO2acts as electron donor and an adduct that presents a covalent P−C linkage. The corresponding transition state structure linking the two minima has also been characterized. In gas phase, the pnicogen bonded complex is more stable than the corresponding adduct except in one case. In contrast, the inclusion of the solvent effect (toluene and THF), reverts the stability, being in all cases the different adducts more stable than the pnicogen bonded complexes. The electronic properties of the systems have been analysed with the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Electron Density Shift (EDS) methods.
Prioritize collegiality, respect, innovation in your interactions with faculty, staff
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: October 2019

From nurse‐practitioner and nurse‐midwife to Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Northern Michigan University, Kerri Schuiling's career has been interesting and challenging.
Coordination Polymers and Clusters Based on the Versatile Mercaptonicotinate Ligands
Authors: Yuan Ning
Published: October 2019

Coordination materials based on multitopic carboxylate and/or nitrogen‐containing ligands have been one of the major research interests in chemistry academia, while the ones constructed of ligands containing combined oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur donors have been relatively neglected. The present review overviews the recent progress in synthesis, structures, properties and/or applications of coordination polymers and clusters based on a group of mercaptonicotinate ligands with mixed and versatile donors. The initial discussion focuses on the in situ ligand reactions for the construction of coordination polymers, which are classified into six categories. Also, comments on the topologies of some selected coordination polymers with intriguing architectures are given. Furthermore, the properties and/or applications of the reported coordination polymers and clusters, such as luminescence, gas adsorption, magnetism, biology, and medicine are addressed in detail. The last section summarizes the achievements and outlook for future research in this realm.
Acetylcholinesterase Sensor Based on Polyelectrolyte Complexes with DNA Inclusion for the Determination of Reversible Inhibitors
Authors: Davletshina R. , Ivanov A. , Evtugyn G.
Published: October 2019

The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor has been developed for the determination of reversible inhibitors applied in the Alzheimer's disease therapy, i. e., Huperzine A (HupA) and galantamine (Gal). For this purpose, glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was first modified with carbon black (CB) and Co phthalocyanine and then polyelectrolyte complex was self‐assembled on its surface by drop casting of reactants and washing. To extend the stability and improve biosensor performance, it was proposed for the first time to use DNA as polyanion in the complex assembly. The DNA showed higher charge density than conventional polyelectrolytes and stabilized the surface coating by adsorption of higher enzyme amount and prevention of its leaching during the biosensor operation. Complex formation and the influence of structural factors were monitored with surface plasmon resonance. Kinetic study showed mixed inhibition of the enzyme within micro‐ and nanomolar range of inhibitor concentrations. The AChE biosensor showed limit of detection of HupA equal to 0.9 and that of Gal to 70 nM. The sensitivity of drug determination was found to be close or better than that of the AChE biosensors previously reported in the literature. The biosensor was tested on the sample of artificial urine and showed 102 % recovery of the drugs determination.
Intratumoral IL22‐producing cells define immunoevasive subtype muscle‐invasive bladder cancer with poor prognosis and superior nivolumab responses
Authors: Zeng Han , Liu Zheng , Wang Zewei , Zhou Quan , Qi Yangyang , Chen Yifan , Chen Lingli , Zhang Peipei , Wang Jiajun , Chang Yuan , Bai Qi , Xia Yu , Wang Yiwei , Liu Li , Zhu Yu , Dai Bo , Guo Jianming , Xu Le , Zhang Weijuan , Xu Jiejie
Published: October 2019

Our previous researches have identified immunoevasive subtype muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) characterized with immune cells infiltration patterns. Our study explored the clinical significance, immunoregulatory role and therapeutic value of intratumoral IL22‐producing cells in MIBC. Two hundred and fifty‐nine formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded MIBC samples and 83 freshly resected MIBC tissues and 391 TCGA MIBC samples were retrospectively evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were applied to identify immune cell infiltration and functional status. In vitro intervention studies were to test the therapeutic and predictive potential of IL22+ cells. Our data revealed patients with high IL22+ cells infiltration suffered poor overall survival and recurrence‐free survival in both training and validation cohorts. Only pT2 patients of combined cohort with low IL22+ cells infiltration gained survival benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) significantly. Besides, immune contexture featured with increased pro‐tumor cells and immunosuppressive cytokines was identified in patients with high IL22+ cells density. The expression pattern of exhausted and effector markers in CD8+ T cells from high IL22+ cells subgroup indicated their dysfunctional status. Importantly, nivolumab showed tumor‐killing efficacy in tumors with high IL22+ cells infiltration, and immunosuppressive contexture with CD8+ T cells exhaustion was abrogated in tumors treated with anti‐IL22 antibody. In summary, IL22+ cells infiltration determined immunosuppressive contexture with CD8+ T cell dysfunction. Tumor‐infiltrating IL22+ cells could be used as an independent marker to predict prognosis and ACT responses. IL22+ cells infiltration possessed the potential to be a favorable predictor for nivolumab application and IL22 blockade could be a novel therapeutic strategy in MIBC.
Transvaginal hysteropexy to levator myorrhaphy: A novel technique for uterine preservation
Authors: Milani Rodolfo , Manodoro Stefano , Cola Alice , Palmieri Stefania , Frigerio Matteo
Published: October 2019

Levator myorrhaphy may provide an alternative surgical option for hysteropexy without the use of mesh materials.
Understanding barriers and facilitators to therapeutic relationships in state psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Keefe Kristen , Cardemil Esteban V. , Thompson Matthew
Published: October 2019

Objective(s)

This qualitative study aimed to elucidate barriers and facilitators faced by individuals with serious mental illness in establishing positive therapeutic relationships within the public sector.

Method

Twenty‐two individuals, receiving inpatient treatment and near discharge from three state psychiatric facilities, participated. The sample was diverse with respect to gender (60 % male) and race/ethnicity, with a mean age of 40 years (standard deviation = 12.91). Thematic analysis and a contextualist lens were used to analyze the data.

Results

Results indicated that inadequate meeting time, lack of clinically relevant communication, and discrepancies in client/provider perspectives, impeded positive therapeutic relationships. Facilitators to therapeutic relationships included feelings heard and understood by providers, comprehensive, timely discharge plans, and thinking broadly about aftercare.

Conclusions

Cultivating positive therapeutic relationships is especially difficult in resource‐challenged settings. Enhanced client–provider communication and individually tailored aftercare planning can enhance inpatient therapeutic relationships, convey a greater sense of understanding of clients, and facilitate client–provider collaboration.
Parenting practices among parents of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Gender‐related differences
Authors: Muñoz‐Suazo María Dolores , Navarro‐Muñoz Jesús , Díaz‐Román Amparo , Coronilla‐García Marta , Porcel‐Gálvez Ana María , Gil‐García Eugenia
Published: October 2019

Objective

Further research is needed on parenting practices among parents of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as these practices impact children's development and outcomes. This study analyzes these practices, distinguishing between parents’ and children's gender.

Method

Parental warmth (affection–communication and criticism–rejection responses) and control (inductive, strict, and indulgent discipline styles) were assessed in both parents of 81 children diagnosed with ADHD (aged 6–17 years).

Results

Mothers reported greater affection–communication responses and use of inductive disciplinary practices than fathers. Higher use of maternal strict practices was associated with female children, regardless of their age, subtype, medication, or comorbidities. However, parental practices used with male children were affected by children's age and subtype.

Conclusions

Warmth levels and discipline styles used by parents of children with ADHD may differ depending on the gender of both parents and children. The implications of these findings for understanding gender differences associated with ADHD are discussed.
Bishop Fulton J. Sheen: America’s public critic of psychoanalysis, 1947–1957
Authors: Dennis Paul M.
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the role of Bishop Fulton Sheen in the popularization of Freudian psychoanalysis in the United States during the 1940s and 50s. Social historians argue that Freudian ideas were pervasive in American culture during this period. While their claim speaks mainly to the impact of psychoanalysis on the cultural elite and college educated, they also suggest that Freudian ideas affected ordinary men and women. In the former case, the group impacted is small and not representative of the population as a whole; in the latter, the evidence is sparse and impressionistic. Neglected in their consideration is the influence of Fulton Sheen whose opinions on Freud reached an audience of 30,000,000 during the height of the popularity of his TV show,Life is Worth Living. Sheen's audience was more inclusive and representative of mainstream America. The negative and highly cautionary view of psychoanalysis he presented to many Americans was contrary to that which was promoted to and embraced by many of the college educated and likely shaped both their views of Freud and psychoanalytic therapy.
Examining multidecadal trends in the surface heat balance over the tropical and subtropical oceans in atmospheric reanalyses
Authors: Cook Kerry H. , Vizy Edward K.
Published: October 2019

Trends in the components of the annual‐mean surface heat balance for 1979–2018 over the tropical and subtropical oceans are examined in multiple atmospheric reanalyses to understand how they are changing with current sea surface temperature (SST) trends. Confidence in the reanalysis values is evaluated through statistical significance, agreement among datasets, and physical analysis. While the climatology of the net surface heat flux is similar in the three reanalyses examined (ERAI, JRA‐55, and NCEP2), net heat flux trends agree only in the two second‐generation reanalyses. Trends in the 10‐m winds, which are assimilated in JRA‐55 and ERAI but not in NCEP2, are largely responsible for the disagreement. To first order, trends in the latent heat flux explain trends in the net surface heat flux over the tropical oceans. Trends in sensible heat are smaller, and trends in the net radiative components are relevant only regionally. The latent heat flux is decomposed into thermally, dynamically, and hydrologically driven components. Trends in the thermal component of the latent heat flux simply dampen SST trends through the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. Dynamically driven trends are associated with an intensification of the tropical easterly trade winds, primarily of the equator and with greater enhancement in the Southern Hemisphere. They are generally supported by hydrologically driven trends, which are similar in magnitude to the wind‐driven trends.
Random trend errors in climate station data due to inhomogeneities
Authors: Lindau Ralf , Venema Victor
Published: October 2019

Inhomogeneities in station series are a large part of the uncertainty budget of long‐term temperature trend estimates. This article introduces two analytical equations for the dependence of the station trend uncertainty on the statistical properties of the inhomogeneities. One equation is for inhomogeneities that act as random deviations from a fixed baseline, where the deviation levels are random and independent. The second equation is for inhomogeneities, which behave like Brownian Motion (BM), where not the levels themselves but the jumps between them are independent. It shows that BM‐type breaks introduce much larger trend errors, growing linearly with the number of breaks. Using the information about type, strength, and frequency of the breaks for the United States and Germany, the random trend errors for these two countries are calculated for the period 1901–2000. An alternative and independent estimate is obtained by an empirical approach, exploiting the distance dependence of the trend variability for neighbouring station pairs. Both methods (empirical and analytical) find that the station trend uncertainty is larger in the United States (0.71 and 0.82°C per century, respectively) than in Germany (0.50 and 0.58°C per century, respectively). The good agreement of the analytical and the empirical estimate gives confidence in the methods to assess trend uncertainties, as well as in the method to determine the statistical properties of the break inhomogeneities.
Reversing UVB‐induced photoaging with Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract
Authors: Li Jian , Lu Yi‐Ru , Lin I‐Fan , Kang Wenyi , Chen Hong‐bin , Lu Hsu‐Feng , Wang Hui‐Min David
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Hibiscus sabdariffa is commonly used in daily life and its extract is applied widely in food and cosmetics. However, it has not been evaluated for its anti‐aging effects.

RESULTS

Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract (HSCAE) has shown potential collagenase activity suppression effects, together with tyrosinase activity inhibition, and anti‐oxidation as a free radical scavenger. The current investigation demonstrated that HSCAE was not cytotoxic in skin fibroblasts, and it significantly decreased ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on a flow cytometry assay. Moreover, HSCAE reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, increased tissue inhibition of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 level, and enhanced collagen content by inhibiting collagenase activity. It also blocked mRNA and protein expressions of melanin production pathway key factors, including the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), and dopachrome tautomerase‐2 (TRP‐2).

CONCLUSION

These results demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of HSCAE as a natural antioxidant with the ability to maintain collagen production and to decrease melanin syntheses under UVB radiation, for anti‐aging effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Acquisition of Hyperspectral Data with Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Tang Xin , Ackerman Matthew M. , Guyot‐Sionnest Philippe
Published: October 2019

Hyperspectral sensors, combining the functions of photon detection with ultrahigh spectral resolution in a single device, have emerged as a new class of devices with significant potential for applications that rely on the input of optical information. Despite continued advancement, the widespread use of infrared hyperspectral sensors is still limited primarily due to the high cost associated with the growth and processing of epitaxial semiconductors, such as HgCdTe, InSb, and superlattices. Here, it is shown that colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) provide a promising route toward low‐cost, compact, and sensitive infrared hyperspectral sensors with tunable sensing ranges. In total, 64 narrowband channels with full‐width at half‐maxima down to ≈30 cm−1 can be realized by directly integrating CQDs sensors with a distributed Bragg mirror filter array. The results of high‐resolution spectra measurement with resolving power up to 180 and acquisition of a hyperspectral image cube in the short‐wave infrared range, benefitting from the fast (≈120 ns) and sensitive (>1010 Jones) performance of the CQDs sensors, are experimentally demonstrated.
Post‐Polymerization Thiol Substitutions Facilitated by Mechanochemistry
Authors: Ashlin Marshal , Hobbs Christopher E.
Published: October 2019

The use of mechanical force to facilitate post‐polymerization, solvent‐free thiol substitution reactions is described. These reactions are amenable to halogen‐containing materials prepared using ring opening metathesis polymerization and free radical polymerization reactions. Reactions of these polymers with various thiols can be carried out in a ball mill and are complete in a matter of minutes. Further, 1H NMR and GPC analysis show no significant decomposition of the polymer chain.
Message‐to‐person versus person‐to‐message: An alternative way to conceptualize personalized advertising
Authors: Li Cong
Published: October 2019

This study provides an alternative way to conceptualize personalized advertising and discusses when and why nonpersonalized information can be more effective than personalized information in changing people's attitudes and behavioral intentions. Different from the traditional personalization approach in the literature that personalizes a message for an individual, this alternative way of thinking is to personalize an individual for a message. It is argued that an individual can be personalized for a message via priming tactics and it leads to reverse personalization effects where a nonpersonalized message generates stronger persuasion effects than a personalized message. The effects of priming on personalization are moderated by perceived prime credibility and mediated by perceived message relevance.
Nomenclature of Genetically Determined Myoclonus Syndromes: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force
Authors: van der Veen Sterre , Zutt Rodi , Klein Christine , Marras Connie , Berkovic Samuel F. , Caviness John N. , Shibasaki Hiroshi , de Koning Tom J. , Tijssen Marina A.J.
Published: October 2019

Genetically determined myoclonus disorders are a result of a large number of genes. They have wide clinical variation and no systematic nomenclature. With next‐generation sequencing, genetic diagnostics require stringent criteria to associate genes and phenotype. To improve (future) classification and recognition of genetically determined movement disorders, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders (2012) advocates and renews the naming system of locus symbols. Here, we propose a nomenclature for myoclonus syndromes and related disorders with myoclonic jerks (hyperekplexia and myoclonic epileptic encephalopathies) to guide clinicians in their diagnostic approach to patients with these disorders. Sixty‐seven genes were included in the nomenclature. They were divided into 3 subgroups: prominent myoclonus syndromes, 35 genes; prominent myoclonus syndromes combined with another prominent movement disorder, 9 genes; disorders that present usually with other phenotypes but can manifest as a prominent myoclonus syndrome, 23 genes. An additional movement disorder is seen in nearly all myoclonus syndromes: ataxia (n = 41), ataxia and dystonia (n = 6), and dystonia (n = 5). However, no additional movement disorders were seen in related disorders. Cognitive decline and epilepsy are present in the vast majority. The anatomical origin of myoclonus is known in 64% of genetic disorders: cortical (n = 34), noncortical areas (n = 8), and both (n = 1). Cortical myoclonus is commonly seen in association with ataxia, and noncortical myoclonus is often seen with myoclonus‐dystonia. This new nomenclature of myoclonus will guide diagnostic testing and phenotype classification. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
FE parametric study on the longitudinal tensile strength and damage mechanism of Z‐pinned laminates
Authors: Li Mengjia , Chen Puhui
Published: October 2019

A new periodic unit cell model was proposed to quantify the longitudinal tensile strength of laminates with different Z‐pin parameters. A modified three‐dimensional Hashin criterion was used to predict the failure of the laminate and Z‐pin, while maximum stress criterion was utilized to analyze the damage in the resin‐rich zone. Benchmark tests were carried out to verify the model, and finite element (FE) results agreed well with the experimental data. Hence, a parametric study was carried out to examine the influence of Z‐pin parameters on the longitudinal tensile strength and damage mode of unidirectional laminates. FE results show that the changing trend of the tensile strength against Z‐pin parameter is obviously more complicated than that of the modulus and is related to the change of damage mode or microstructure.
Meta‐analysis of mindfulness training on teacher well‐being
Authors: Zarate Kary , Maggin Daniel M. , Passmore Amanda
Published: October 2019

Teachers are reporting increased incidence of stress, depression, burnout, and anxiety resulting in overall poor mental health and well‐being outcomes. Recently, mindfulness‐based interventions have emerged as having the potential to improve these deleterious impacts. This meta‐analysis investigated the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on educators in schools. To be included in the review, studies must have been printed in English, used a methodology that included a control group with in‐service teachers as the primary participants. In addition, the intervention needed to have mindfulness as a major component. The search procedures led to the identification of 18 manuscripts that included a total sample of 1,001 educators. Mindfulness interventions ranged greatly in dosage, frequency, and delivery model. Using a random effects model, mindfulness‐based interventions were found to have significant positive effects across all domains. Mindfulness‐based interventions resulted in large effects on feelings of mindfulness, moderate effects for decreases in stress and anxiety, and small effects on feelings of depression and burnout. Discussion includes the quality of the literature base as well as implications for future research.
Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production
Authors: Yu Jialin , Baggio Juliana S , Boyd Nathan S , Freeman Josh H , Peres Natalia A
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Ethanedinitrile (EDN) has shown promising efficacy against weeds, plant‐parasitic nematodes and soil‐borne pathogens. Field experiments were conducted for three strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa D.) seasons in Balm and Dover, FL, USA to evaluate the control efficacy of EDN applied through drip tape on various weed species and the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot of strawberry.

RESULTS

Results revealed that 224, 336, 448 or 560 kg ha−1 EDN, and 104 kg ha−1 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) + 176 kg ha−1 chloropicrin (Pic) applied through drip tapes under totally impermeable film were safe for strawberry production, with no adverse effect on strawberry growth and yield. EDN rates at 224, 336, 448 and 560 kg ha−1 were highly efficacious and equally effective in reducing purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in two of three growing seasons. Compared with the efficacy on purple nutsedge, the evaluated EDN rates were generally less effective on various broadleaf and grass weeds emerging on the bare ground and planting holes, but at 560 kg ha−1 consistently exhibited similar levels of control as 1,3‐D + Pic. For M. phaseolina, the evaluated EDN rates were more efficacious than 1,3‐D + Pic and significantly reduced inoculum buried in different bed locations in plastic‐mulched beds.

CONCLUSION

EDN has potential to be an efficacious tool for soil disinfestation and weed control in plasticulture strawberry production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced Auxetic and Viscoelastic Properties of Filled Reentrant Honeycomb
Authors: Wang Yun-Che , Lai Hsiang-Wei , Ren Xuejun James
Published: October 2019

Honeycombs or foams with reentrant microstructures exhibit effective negative Poisson's ratio. Although they are light weight due to inherently empty space, their overall stiffness and damping are somewhat limited. With judiciously chosen filler material to fill the voids in star‐shaped honeycomb, it is numerically demonstrated its auxeticity may be enhanced. By combining the filler and skeleton, the hierarchical composite materials are constructed. The magnitude of the enhancement depends on inner and outer filler's modulus mismatch, as well as the types of filling. Filler's auxeticity also largely enhances overall auxeticity of the outer‐ and all‐filled honeycomb. In addition, for outer‐filled honeycomb, its effective viscoelastic modulus and damping are significantly increased, while maintaining relatively light weight, due to local stress concentration.
Molecular design of a new family of bridged bis(multinitro‐triazole) with outstanding oxygen balance as high‐density energy compounds
Authors: Xu Jin , Wu Jinting , Li Hongbo , Zhang Jianguo
Published: October 2019

A new family of bridged bis(multinitro‐triazole) was designed and investigated using the density functional theory method. The density, oxygen balance, heat of formation, detonation performance, and impact sensitivity were calculated systematically. The results show that the multinitromethyl groups play an important role in increasing densities. At the same time, different bridged groups present diverse performances with high density (1.86‐1.96 g·cm−3), excellent detonation properties (V = 8.72 km·s−1‐9.20 km·s−1; P = 34.54 GPa‐39.49 GPa), outstanding oxygen balance (0%‐11.59%), and acceptably impact sensitivity. Especially, tetrazine (M7)‐bridged and diaminofurazan (M9)‐bridged groups are very helpful for enhancing their detonation performance (V(M7) = 9.12 km·s−1, P(M7) = 38.51 GPa; V(M9) = 9.20 km·s−1, P(M9) = 39.49 GPa), respectively, which are better than RDX. They could be seen as the potential candidates of high energy density materials (HEDMs).
1: Challenges of TFT Technology for AMOLED Display
Authors: Zhao Dongfang , Li Junfeng , Kakkad Ramesh , Du Zhe , Hu Shiben , Chen Jianrong , Hu Siming , Liu Gang
Published: October 2019

Active‐matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) has been widely adopted in small‐, medium‐ and large‐sized displays for applications such as smartphones, automotive dashboards, smart wearables, VR/AR, etc. From the point of view of mass production, AMOLEDs still suffer from the challenges of the TFT backplane technology, due to stringent and sometimes conflicting property requirements for TFTs. Based on a review of the technological trends for AMOLED displays, we will herein systematically analyze the challenges for TFT properties, in terms of their relationships with product performance issues, such as lifetime, mura, and image sticking. It was found that minimizing the Ids‐Vds slope in the saturation region contributes to improvement in lifetime of AMOLEDs. Incorporating an oxidative plasma treatment before gate‐insulator (GI) deposition, a GI annealing process, and a use of a double‐layer (SiO2/SiN) GI are helpful to reduce the trap density in oxide layer and at the poly‐Si/GI interface, and help improve short‐time image‐sticking.
6.4: The Effect of LDD Structure on the Characteristics of TFT Devices
Authors: Xu Lin , Liu Rusheng , Yuan Bo , Du Zhe , Liu Yucheng , Li Junfeng
Published: October 2019

Low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor (LTPS TFT) has a wide application prospect in flat panel display and other fields due to its higher carrier mobility and better conductivity. Motivated with the development of flat‐panel display devices targeting higher resolution, it is imperative to carry out research in small‐sized LTPS TFT technology. When the channel size is decreased to a certain extent, the effect of the gradual channel approximation is no longer valid. As a result, the short channel effect and the hot carrier effect will have significant impacts on the LTPS TFT devices. To alleviate and eventually to eliminate these two effects, we introduce and implement the Lightly Doped Drain (LDD) structure in the LTPS TFT device. LDD is a technology by adding lightly doped region between source and drain in a TFT, its series resistance is increased, thereby greatly reducing the electric field of drain, resulting in much less hot carrier effect and short channel effect. However, the introduction of LDD structure might have some adverse impacts on the characteristics of LTPS TFT if not optimized. In this paper, we studied the influence of different LDD structures on TFT performance, finding out the optimal LDD structure.
13.2: Equalizer and Clock/Data Recovery Circuits in SDICs for Intra‐Panel Interface
Authors: Qin Zhengcai
Published: October 2019

This work presents a front‐end circuits including of the equalizer and clock/data recovery (CDR) circuits in the source driver ICs (SDICs) for the TFT‐LCD intra‐panel interfaces. For 4K2K LCD TV, the data rate of SDICs has been increased to 5Gbps per lane, so it is a challenge to develop the front‐end circuits when they suffered from the serious ISI and large jitters in received data. In the front‐end circuits meeting the BOE’s CHPI specification, a cascade equalizer are used to widen the eye diagram to reduce BER and a dual loop CDR circuits are used to tolerate the large input jitter and power noise.
14.2: Reduction of speckle noise by spatial‐multiplexing pixel separation in computer generated holographic display
Authors: Jia Jia , Tan Baolin , Kang Jianghui , Pu Yiying , Wu Yu
Published: October 2019

To reduce the speckle noise in a holographic display, a method by separating the pixel or object points of reconstructed images is proposed using a light source array. The multiple sparse images are reconstructed and shifted together to form the complete images with the speckleless noise. The simulation results show that the speckle noise is reduced from 51% to 21% by using a 3 × 3 light source array. It is expected that it could be used for realizing a dynamical 3D holographic display with the less speckle noise in the future.
18.4: Nanoimprinting Technology Applied on Display Devices
Authors: Jiang Junnan , Chen Rong , Zhao Zuzhen
Published: October 2019

This paper demonstrates a roll‐to‐roll nanoimprinting process for the mass production of structured films used on display devices. Nanoimprint lithography is one of the novel techniques for nanofabrication. It is especially suitable for mass production due to its high throughput with comparable resolutions to photo‐ and e‐beam lithography. In this work, it is applied to the production of e‐ink film that has “microcups” to fill in e‐ink pigments. The dimensions of the microcups could be adjusted by designing stamp geometries. With several flexible stamps joint together to a sleeve on the roller, this nanoimprinting process could be extended to a roll‐to‐roll equipment. For mass production of structured films, the pattern transfer quality should be consistent with very low defect rates. This is to be achieved by improving the materials for resist and stamp, the nanoimprinting conditions and sleeve fabrication, etc.
21.3: Invited Paper: Non‐destructive testing for uniformity evaluation of thin film plate polarizers
Authors: Wang Kerson , Trinh Hung-Xuan
Published: October 2019

Due to high technology requirements for modern display devices such as flexible, high resolution, thinner and higher transmission of polarizations, non‐destructive testing methods for evaluating quality of thin film plate polarizers are in high demand. In this paper, a system which can be used to observe defects and inhomogeneity of these thin film plate polarizers such as wide grid polarizers and thin film coating polarizers is proposed. This system consists of a collimated backlight light source, an afocal system, a polarizer, a rotation stage and a CCD camera. The collimated backlight is used to produces a collimating beam to pass through a sample under test. The afocal system shrinks the size of light beam from sample to pass through the polarizer. Based on Malus’s law, intensity of each pixel of images on CCD camera varies with the angle between the transmission axes of sample and polarizer, which is controlled by the rotation stage. Uniformity of thin film plate polarizers can be defined as polarization extinction ratio. This paper is to introduce the configuration and measurement theory, perform a setup used to implement it and present the experimental results from the uses of the setup. The results not only verify the validity but also confirm the feasibility of the proposed systems.
23.4: Invited Paper: The Longevity Study for Hybrid Colloidal Quantum Dot Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Lin Chien-chung
Published: October 2019

The nano‐scale size of colloidal quantum dots provide unique properties, such as strong luminescent efficiency, wavelength tunable emission, and narrow linewidth etc., which are desirable for high quality display devices. However, the reliability of these nanoparticles is always the center of attention when the commercialization issue is discussed. In this paper, we will review our latest result on the hybrid package method that can dramatically improve the lifetime of these magnificent optoelectronic materials.
24.4: Invited Paper: The Breakthrough of large size electrical luminescence H‐Q LED TV, with 4K resolution and top emission device architecture, fabricated by ink jet printing technology
Authors: Song Jingyao , Sun Xianwen , Li Zhe , Yu Lei , Zhuang Jinyong , Chen Yawen , Huang Hang , Xiang Chaoyu , Lee James (Jueng Gil) , Fu Dong
Published: October 2019

Guangdong Juhua has fabricated the world’s first 31 inch, 4K, H‐QLED TV, by using ink‐jet printing technology. The Red and Green pixel of H‐QLED TV is made from electrical luminescence quantum dot (QD for short) materials, and Blue pixel is made from soluble blue OLED material. It is a self‐emitting and top emission display with excellent performance brought by quantum dot materials, which provide large colour gamut, wider view angle, high luminance and high resolution.
26.4: Invited Paper: Preparation and Spectral quality of Naphthalene Derivatives Dichroic Liquid Crystal Dyes
Authors: LI Xiaolian , Pan Rouchen , Wang Zhaofen
Published: October 2019

A series of new dyes based on 4‐bromo‐1, 8‐naphthaliminde had been designed, synthesized and evaluated. Spectroscopic tests of those compounds exhibited that these dyes emitted yellow‐green fluorescence at 490‐520 nm and had high quantum yields 0.76. Those dyes suggested positive fluorescent dichroism, when dispersed in LC E7, SA and SF which were up to 0.51, 0.41, respectively. The dye and LC E7 were mixtured and then did the photoelectric test. Mass spectrometry, NMR and melting point were characterized. Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra were tested in the isotropic solvents, and the absorption and emission spectra in the anisotropic liquid crystal.
27.2: Invited Paper: High resolution FMM process for AMOLED displays
Authors: Kim Chiwoo , Kim Kisoo , Park Jong Kab , Kim Doh Hoon , Jung Kiro
Published: October 2019

Fine metal mask (FMM) is one of the biggest hurdles to realize high resolution AMOLED displays for smartphone and virtual reality (VR). Various kinds of the material and processing technologies for high resolution FMMs are discussed.
27.4: The Crevice Corrosion of Copper in TFT‐LCD Fabrication
Authors: Chen Meng , Li Guo , Sun Yao , Liu Huangzheng , Liu Jing , Xia Hui , Tan Zhiwei , Chiou Chung-yi
Published: October 2019

In this work we investigated the crevice corrosion of copper and molybdenum dual metal, which is applied to metal electrode in amorphous silicon TFT backplane fabrication. The photo resist(PR) strip process after wet etching of metal was the position of crevice corrosion occurrence by analysing results of SEM images. Crevice has formed in stripping step and crevice corrosion of copper occurred in rinse step. The diluted stripper was the first factor of crevice formation, and oxygen depletion would be the key cause of copper crevice corrosion. The existence of chloride would increase the deterioration of crevice corrosion.
28.4: Invited Paper: A Study on Stiffness Measurement Used for Flexible Display Devices
Authors: Liu Yanling , Li Yuliang , Tang Xin , Ma Yuexing , Dang Pengle
Published: October 2019

Flexible display technology has a great market prospect due to its light‐weight, flexibility, and robustness. However, how to characterize the mechanical deformation of flexible display devices has not been defined internationally. In this regard, we proposed that the bending stiffness can be used to characterize the mechanical deformation by testing flexible display devices with different structures at different bending angles in the international conference in May 2018. The experimental results indicated that the method for the bending stiffness measurement is well‐suitable for flexible display devices. We believe that the development of this kind of testing method would help establish the comprehensive characterizations of mechanical properties of flexible display devices and lay out the framework for the international standards.
29.1: Invited Paper: A Study on the Micro‐Lens Arrays Combination based Optical Film for Optical Field Optimized Projection Display
Authors: Ding Liang , Li Zhou , Su Dongbian , Guo Bingang , Wang Pengfei , Guo Dengji , Liu Cai
Published: October 2019

Owning to the fast development of projection technologies, the large‐scale projection has great potential application for various viewing circumstances in open spaces. This paper reports a novel type of optical imaging film (G2‐HK‐FP) which comprised of a combination of micro‐lens arrays of different sizes and an ambient light rejection design. This film exhibited comparable displaying performance with silver screen film in the dark environment, and superior performance in the ambient light condition in the aspects of relative contrast, color gamut and ambient light rejection efficiency.
29.3: Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement of Ultra Short Throw Laser Projector
Authors: Hieda Keisuke , Maruyama Tomoyuki , Narusawa Fumio
Published: October 2019

The photometric and colorimetric evaluation of ultra short throw laser projectors is vitally important. Since the light from them enters illuminance meters with a large angle, the angular dependence of illuminance meters plays a significant role. We developed RGB laser meters and confirmed they have a proper angular dependence.
31.2: Invited Paper: Advanced Materials Development for Ink‐Jet Printed OLEDs
Authors: Sako Naoki , Iida Koichiro , Ishibashi Koichi , Shoji Yoshiko , Nagayama Kazuhiro , Oshima Yuki , Bando Yoshimasa
Published: October 2019

High‐performance, ink‐jet printable OLED materials have been successfully developed. Our wide libraries of platforms and small molecule hosts were effective for improving efficiency and lifetime of OLEDs. For wide color gamut, new emitters with deep in color and narrow full‐width at half maximum were developed. Further, solvent systems having physical properties suitable for improving film uniformity in pixels were found.
32.2: Invited Paper: Fast Switching Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Feng Yifan , Cha Shenghao , Sun Changli , Lu Jiangang
Published: October 2019

Several recent advances to improve the optical‐electrical properties of blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) were proposed. A critical temperature is demonstrated in the phase transition of BPLC, which affects the lattice formation process. Polymer materials with the reactive diluent was investigated which may increase the Kerr constant and decrease the response time. And a conductive polymer dopant was introduced into PS‐BPLCs which may much improved driving capacity without degradation response time, hysteresis and residual birefringence.
33.1: Invited Paper: Multi‐plane Display Based on Cholosteric Liquid Crystal Films
Authors: Chen Quanming , Peng Zenghui , Li Yan , Liu Shuxin , Zhou Pengcheng , Gu Jingyuan , Lu Jiangang , Yao Lishuang , Wang Min , Su Yikai
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present a multi‐plane augmented reality display based on polarization multiplexing. With reflection selectivity of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) films, left‐handed and right‐handed circularly polarized images are imaged at different depths. Monocolor and color dual‐plane display experiments have been implemented and verified to provide correct depth cues.
34.3: Invited Paper: Printing Pixel Circuits on Light Emitting Diode Array for AMLED Displays
Authors: Li Huaping
Published: October 2019

An active matrix light emitting display module integrated with carbon nanotubes control circuits was fully printed. The high performance of super pure single‐chirality carbon nanotube TFT provides super bright and low power consumption technologies for indoor and outdoor augmented reality that are highly desirable for civil and military display applications.
35.3: Invited Paper: Effects of Luminance, Contrast and Saturation of HDR QLED Display on Visual System Based on Eye Movement
Authors: Shi Yunyang , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Gao Xin
Published: October 2019

This paper investigated the effects of luminance, contrast and saturation of HDR video presented on QLED display on visual system. Results showed that mainly, contrast and saturation influenced visual neural systems controlling eye movements, as well as subjective evaluation of display quality and viewing preference, while luminance generally had no significant influence.
35.4: Research of Evaluation Method of Display Temporal Characteristics
Authors: Tang Xian , Song Li , Wu Di , Pan Jiangen
Published: October 2019

Conventional methods to evaluate temporal characteristics of displays are found to be insufficient based on plenty of practical measurement, and can not match with the latest development of photobiological theory. In this paper, the drawbacks of current methods for temporal characteristics of displays were analyzed, and we proposed some supplementary methods for flicker, response time and motion blur, which makes the temporal characteristics measurement and evaluation more comprehensive and objective. Furthermore, we provided an display response time analyzer especially for display temporal characteristics test, which have been used for a series of display measurement in this article.
37.5: Hybrid Backlight System based on Blue, Red LEDs and Perovskite Quantum Dots for Liquid Crystal Display Application
Authors: Ji Honglei , Xu Huaishu , Jiang Feng , Bai Zelong , Zhong Haizheng
Published: October 2019

This paper reports a novel backlight system for liquid crystal display by combining blue and red emissive LEDs and perovskite quantum dots embedded composite films as color converters. The backlights can realize 95% BT.2020 color gamut with a brightness of 90% relative to the backlight using blue LEDs and YAG. In comparison to the backlights using blue LEDs, perovskite quantum dots and K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphors, this backlight system suppresses the tailing problem for dynamic dimming from red emissive K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphors.