bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência da Folga Financeira no Gerenciamento de Resultados nas Cooperativas de Crédito Brasileiras
Authors: Rodrigues dos Santos Ramon , Florencio dos Santos Joséte
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Identificar a influência da folga financeira no gerenciamento dos resultados (GR) nas cooperativas de crédito singulares brasileiras, como uma estratégia de financiamento pré-perdas.

Método: A amostra compreende 626 cooperativas de crédito singulares brasileiras no período entre 2000 e 2019 (20 anos). O modelo-base segue o proposto por Maia et al. (2013), com accruals específicos, controladas por variáveis relacionadas ao perfil das operações de crédito e características como tamanho, captação de depósitos à vista, proporção de operações vencidas e spread, categorizados pelo Plano COSIF.

Resultados: Os resultados destacaram uma influência negativa da folga financeira no GR nas cooperativas de crédito brasileiras. Com isso, quanto maior (ou menor) a folga financeira à disposição dos gestores, menor (ou maior) a propensão ao GR. Logo, a folga amorteceria a interação entre incerteza e aversão ao risco, como um buffer financeiro, deixando-a em uma posição melhor do que uma empresa presa em um único curso de ação.

Contribuições: Os resultados implicam que a “posse” da folga financeira colabora no reporte dos resultados, mitigando a percepção de risco dos cooperados e do agente regulador, intensificadas devido às características específicas e pressões econômicas, políticas e sociais exercidas pelos stakeholders.
Modelling thermodynamic properties of binary Cu–Eu and ternary Al–Cu–Eu melts
Authors: Kotova Natalia , Golovata Natalia , Usenko Natalia
Published: December 2020

Model calculations of the whole set of thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys for the binary Cu–Eu and ternary Al–Cu–Eu systems have been performed. Authors used the ideal associated solution model (IAS model) for calculation of the entropies and excess Gibbs energies of mixing for these systems. The binaries were given as the Redlich-Kister polynomials. The thermodynamic properties for the ternary system are described using the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu formalism. A comparison of the surfaces of excess Gibbs energy and entropy of mixing for liquid Al–Cu–Eu alloys at 1350 K demonstrates that the ordering related to the formation of rather strong associates in the Al–Eu system significantly affects the concentration dependence of the excess Gibbs energy of mixing in the liquid phase at this temperature.
Descendants of Eleudei: The Problem of Oirat-Buryat Ethnic Contacts
Authors:   Kalmyk Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nanzatov B. Z.
Published: December 2020

В этнической истории монгольских народов Внутренней Азии, в частности ойратов, важную роль сыграли олёты как главенствующая группа среди ойратов на раннем этапе их этнической истории. В данной работе предпринята попытка прояснить один из пробелов в этнической истории тюрко-монгольских народов на примере этнонима «олёт». Основную проблему в исследовании этногенеза ойратов представляет ограниченность источниковой базы. Ее расширение предлагается за счет материалов устного народного творчества — эпических произведений, генеалогических легенд и преданий бурят и саха (якутов). Необходимость обращения к ним обосновывается гипотезой об участии олётов в этногенезе этих народов, которая подтверждается реконструкцией протоформы ряда бурятских и якутских этнонимов и эпонимов. Сравнительно-исторический анализ последних вскрывает бурятско-якутские этногенетические связи и участие в этногенезе якутов монгольского пласта. Эти факты позволяют шире взглянуть на проблему взаимодействия тюркских и монгольских народов. Этническая история олётов показывает, что они были расселены на обширных пространствах Внутренней Азии и Сибири, вошли в состав разных тюркских и монгольских народов, сохранив свою этническую идентичность, заняли ключевые позиции в этногонических легендах не только дербен-ойратов, но и бурят, якутов. Результаты исследования отражают сложность этнических процессов в среде монгольских и тюркских кочевников Евразии. Полученные данные способствуют уточнению этнического состава населения Монголии, Бурятии и Якутии и расширению алтаистических исследований.
Early Middle Paleolithic Industries in Southeastern Dagestan
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybalko A. G. , Zenin V. N. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kandyba A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Приводятся результаты исследований среднепалеолитических комплексов памятников Дарвагчай-Залив-1 и Дарваг-чай-Залив-4, очень важных для понимания данного этапа палеолита Дагестана. В работе рассматривается палеоклиматическая обстановка в период накопления вскрытых отложений стоянок. Центральное место отведено описанию и анализу коллекций каменных артефактов. Отмечено, что археологические материалы залегали в слое палеопочвы, они претерпели минимальные пространственные перемещения в постседиментационный период. Каменный инвентарь представляет леваллуазскую технику расщепления. Орудийный набор типичен для среднего палеолита. С учетом наличия кострищ без следов конструкций и рассредоточенности археологического материала на обширной территории сделан вывод о многократном кратковременном посещении древним человеком стоянок. Время их существования на данной территории соответствует периодурисс-вюрмского (эемского, микулинского) межледниковья — 125-110 тыс. л.н. (MIS 5е). Большое внимание уделяется сопоставлению коллекций обсуждаемых объектов и близких по возрасту памятников Дагестана и Кавказа. На основе анализа всех имеющихся данных сделан вывод о том, что в настоящее время среди материалов среднепалеолитических памятников на Кавказе невозможно выявить прямые аналоги индустрий исследуемых стоянок. Вместе с тем археологические материалы стоянок Дарвагчай-Залив-1 и -4 соответствуют общему направлению развития палеолита Кавказа.
Con Moong Cave: A Stratified Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Site in Northern Vietnam
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kandyba A. V. , Nguyen Khac Su ,   Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Gladyshev S. A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nguyen Gia Doi ,   Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Chekha A. M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Derevianko A. P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

В статье отражены результаты комплексных исследований пещеры Конмонг на севере Вьетнама, которые проводились российско-вьетнамской экспедицией при участии австралийских специалистов в 2010-2014 гг. Пещера представляет собой многослойный археологический объект, в материалах которого зафиксирована история древнего человека начиная с 42 тыс. л.н. В работе приводится их подробная характеристика. Прослеживаются изменения по слоям в составе артефактов, в использовании сырья и в методах обработки камня. Каменные артефакты, обнаруженные в слоях K — S, относятся к культуре шонви раннего верхнего палеолита. Археологический материал слоя K составляют нуклевидные обломки, сколы и дисковидное скребло (суматралит). Сырьем для изготовления орудий служили кварцитовые гальки. Материалы слоя L возрастом 36 тыс. лет свидетельствуют о существенных изменениях в отборе сырья: помимо кварцита использовался преимущественно андезит, реже — известняк, базальт, а также некоторые осадочные породы. Первичное расщепление производилось без предварительной подготовки нуклеусов. Продуктами расщепления были отщепы крупных и средних размеров. Орудия включают суматралит и скребок. Наиболее богатый археологический материал обнаружен в слоях Q и S, возраст которых определяется в диапазоне 26-21 тыс. лет. Заготовками для раскалывания являлись галечные нуклеусы с неподготовленными ударными площадками. В коллекции представлены плоскостные параллельные, радиальные и бессистемные нуклеусы. Отмечено появление чопперов, продольных и поперечных конвергентных скребел, дисковидных суматралитов. В этих слоях зафиксированы топоры хоабиньского типа и односторонний топор-суматралит. Сделан вывод о том, что материалы пещеры Конмонг фиксируют процесс формирования культуры шонви от момента становления до ее смены культурой хоабинь ок. 25 тыс. л.н. Каменные индустрии слоев K и L соответствуют одному из первых, самых древних, этапов появления современных человеческих популяций в регионе.
Novopetrovka III—an Early Neolithic Site in the Western Amur Basin and Its Chronology
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Derevianko A. P. ,   Altai State University, Nesterov S. P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tabarev A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Alkin S. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Uchida K. ,   Hokkaido Government Board of Education, Кunikitа D. ,   Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo, Моrisaki K. ,   Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan, Маtsuzaki H. ,   University Museum, University of Tokyo
Published: December 2020

В статье рассмотрена хронология неолитического памятника Новопетровка III в Западном Приамурье, установленная по данным радиоуглеродного датирования нагара на керамике. Новопетровская культура в целом, представленная памятниками Новопетровка I-III и Константиновка, исследованными в первой половине 1960-х гг., по результатам типологического анализа пластинчатой индустрии была отнесена к V (возможно, VI) — началу IV тыс. до н.э. Обзор данных по изготовлению призматических пластин с помощью отжимной техники показал, что хронологически пластинчатые индустрии появились на обширной территории Евразии в финале плейстоцена — начале голоцена и продолжали существовать в отдельных регионах вплоть до энеолита. Поэтому они могут служить лишь ориентиром в определении относительной хронологии памятников. С появлением в 1990-х гг. радиоуглеродных дат, полученных по органическому наполнителю в керамическом тесте и нагару на керамике с поселения Новопетровка II, новопетровская культура была удревнена до 15,5-10,8 тыс. л.н. (калиброванные значения). На основе сравнительного анализа новых радиоуглеродных дат, определенных по нагару, установлен возраст памятника Новопетровка III -9,0-9,5 тыс. лет. В связи с тем, что в археологическом материале с новопетровских поселений в рамках длительного периода изменений не выявлено, обозначена проблема хронологической оценки как новопетровской культуры в целом, так и ее отдельных памятников.
Peculiarities of Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Caves
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Olenchenko V. V. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsibizov L. V. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Osipova P. S. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chargynov T. T. ,   Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, Viola B. T. ,   University of Toronto, Kolobova K. A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krivoshapkin A. I. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Применение геофизических методов в пещерах позволяет существенно повысить эффективность археологических исследований, однако имеет ряд особенностей в связи с ограниченностью пространства для проведения измерений и сложностью строения окружающей среды в сравнении с наземными объектами. В 2017 г. при помощи электротомографии была исследована пещера Сельунгур в Ферганской долине (Кыргызстан). С учетом приведенных выше соображений в процессе работы возник вопрос о достоверности полученных данных. С целью его прояснения был поставлен численный эксперимент для определения влияния трехмерной геометрии пещеры на результаты двумерной инверсии. Установлено, что вариации в геометрических параметрах пещеры приводят к неожиданным ложным аномалиям, иногда к весьма значительным ошибкам в определении положения и электрического сопротивления скального фундамента. В случае расходящихся книзу стен пещеры применение инверсии, основанной на двумерной модели, может дать верный геоэлектрический разрез. Таким образом, электротомография в пещерах с аналогичной геометрией позволяет получить достоверные данные о форме поверхности скального основания, толщине осадочного слоя, размерах и положении таких включений в нем, как упавшие обломки кровли.
Mobility of the Suzdal Opolye Settlers in 900–1150 AD
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dobrovolskaya M. V. , Makarov N. A. ,   Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samorodova M. A. ,   Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Становление Северо-Восточной Руси X-XI вв. традиционно рассматривается как процесс, сопряженный с активным мультикультурным взаимодействием и продвижением в Волго-Окский регион выходцев из Поднепровья, северо-западных земель Руси и Скандинавии, а густая сеть сельских поселений XI-XIII вв., документированная в центральных районах Северо-Восточной Руси в последние десятилетия, и реконструкции средневековых ландшафтов однозначно свидетельствуют о том, что подъем региона во многом обеспечивался его сельскохозяйственным потенциалом, благосостоянием и устойчивостью сел. Вопрос об уровне мобильности населения Северо-Восточной Руси X-XII вв. представляет исключительный интерес. Перспективным является его изучение с использованием данных об изотопном составе стронция в эмали зубов и костной ткани индивидов из средневековых погребений. По материалам некрополя крупной сельской агломерации X- начала XIII в. Шекшово-9 ее население предстает многокомпонентным в культурном отношении, состоятельным и включенным в сеть торговых связей. В основу обсуждения миграционной активности обитателей этого большого сельского поселения положены данные масс-спектрометрических исследований 24 индивидов и трех животных из могильников Шекшово-2 и -9. Проведенные реконструкции указывают на высокий по сравнению с аналогичными восточно-европейскими памятниками процент местных уроженцев в шекшовской палеопопуляции. Не выявлена непосредственная связь между присутствием инокультурных предметов и изотопной «меткой» мигранта первого поколения. Полученная картина местного происхождения основной части населения не находит пока прямых аналогий среди памятников Восточной и Северной Европы XXI вв., исследованных с использованием данных об изотопном составе стронция в скелетных останках.
Floral Designs on Sacrificial Towels from an Old Believers’ Prayer House
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fursova E. F. , Vasekha M. V. ,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

В работе представлена реконструкция смыслового содержания орнаментальных композиций на женских рукоделиях — поминальных полотенцах из собрания общины старообрядцев, не приемлющих священство (беспоповцев) и отрицающих браки, г. Новосибирска. Подробно рассматривается воплощенный в вышивке образ виноградной лозы, связанный с погребальным культом. Прослежено, что на изучаемых поминальных полотенцах он передавался в трансформированном виде: православные мастерицы заменяли в вышивках виноградные плоды привычными для себя цветами, ягодами, бутонами и т.д. Некоторые орнаменты проявляют сходство с оформлением на вышивках, которые во второй половине XIX- начале ХХ в. печатались в пособиях по рукоделию, а также на обертках дешевого мыла фабрик Ралле, Брокара и др., но обычно не находят прямых аналогов среди этих изображений. Выявлены оригинальные растительные композиции с «вазами» в виде завитков, которые напоминают монограммы начальных букв имени Иисуса Христа, а также «вазы», трансформированные в буквы, изображенные на иконах «Спасителя». На основе анализа техники исполнения и стилистики рисунков установлено, что большая часть жертвенных полотенец была оформлена в конце XIX — начале ХХ в., меньшая — в 19401950-е гг., отдельные изделия были вышиты, скорее всего, еще в период пребывания владельцев в местах выхода (Русский Север, Центральная Россия). Сделаны выводы о том, что рассмотренные растительные орнаменты в виде фризов или центральных композиционных фигур с включением крестов, крестообразных форм, «ваз» или домов-«гробниц» отражали базовые ценности старообрядцев; оформление поздних полотенец свидетельствует о творческой переработке носителями старообрядческой традиции образов, характерных для городских вышивок, в соответствии с мировоззрением и традициями своей группы.
Fetishes of Tos in the Traditional Worldview of Khakass (End of the 19th – the Middle of the 20th Century)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Burnakov V.A.
Published: December 2020

The monograph is devoted to the study of the cult of toses – fetishes in the traditional Khakass culture. Based on a wide range of sources, both published and for the fi rst time introduced into scientifi c circulation – archival materials and museum collections, the place and role of these cult objects in the spiritual life of Khakass were analyzed. The practice and technology of their manufacture were studied in detail. Sacral functions attributed to fetishes and rituals of their worship are considered. The connection of shamans with the cult of toses has been revealed. For the fi rst time, certain types of cult products have been artistically reconstructed. The book is addressed to specialists in the fi eld of history, ethnography, museology, local history and researchers of the traditional beliefs of the peoples of Siberia.
Xinjiang Mohuchahan cemetery (Chawuhu culture) in the Tien Shan foothills
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shulga P.I. , Shulga D.P. ,   Siberian Institute of Management – Branch of RANEPA
Published: December 2020

Th is study is the third book of the author’s series dedicated to the Scythian-like cultures in China. Th e book investigates China materials from the Mohuchahan cemetery belonging to the Chawuhu culture in the period of 9th–8th centuries BC. Th is cemetery is one of the earliest sites found in the Eastern Scythian world. Th e representative data on funeral rite and goods used by the Chawuhu population that had lived a century earlier than anticipated was fi rst obtained at this site containing 235 burials. Th e relative chronology of four burial groups identifi ed in the cemetery with the goods being gradually modifi ed in the 9th–8th centuries BC is of particular importance. Th e Caucasian population who left the Mohuchahan cemetery was found to maintain ties with the Southern Siberian and Kazakhstan cultures at an early stage, which suggests a much wider distribution of such transitional sites. Th e monograph is intended for archaeologists and scientists engaged in studying the history of the Eastern Scythian world as well as the features of transition from the late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age.
Morphological evaluation of the hypoplastic endometrium in women with ineffective art protocols
Authors: Tolibova Gulrukhsor Kh. , Tral Tatyana G. , Kogan Igor Yu.
Published: December 2020

Hypothesis/aims of study. The hypoplastic endometrium has a significant negative impact on the probability of pregnancy and is one of the adverse factors influencing on the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology (ART) protocols. Violation of the structural and functional characteristics of the endometrium associated with hypoplasia leads to endometrial dysfunction. In this regard, the relevance of a morphological study of the hypoplastic endometrium is beyond doubt. This study was aimed to determine the morphofunctional pattern of the hypoplastic endometrium in patients with a history of ineffective ART protocols.
Study design, materials and methods. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the endometrium were performed in 340 patients. The endometrial receptor profile (estrogen receptors, ER; progesterone receptors, PR) and pro-inflammatory markers (CD8+, CD20+, CD4+, CD138+) were evaluated by immunohistochemical method.
Results. The morphological pattern of the hypoplastic endometrium in patients with ineffective ART protocols was characterized by polymorphic transformation variants with impaired endometrial receptor profile. This impaired proliferative and secretory transformation of the hypoplastic endometrium is underlain by damage to the endometrium basal layer resulted from intrauterine interventions and chronic endometritis with components of stromal fibrosis, sclerosis of the spiral arteries, and increased number of pro-inflammatory markers that led to endometrial dysfunction.
Conclusion. This article first describes the morphological variants of the hypoplastic endometrium in women with ineffective ART protocols. Integration of comprehensive morphological diagnostics with verification of the transformation variant of the hypoplastic endometrium can serve as the basis for rehabilitation therapy.
Conservative therapy of interstitial pregnancy in deep infiltrative endometriosis
Authors: Khachaturyan Armine R. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Tsypurdeyeva Anna A. , Popov Eduard N. , Rudikova Alexandra I.
Published: December 2020

This article summarizes data on the prevalence, risk factors and the role of external genital endometriosis in the development of ectopic pregnancy. The existing algorithms for the use of conservative therapy of ectopic pregnancy of rare localizations are discussed. The authors presented a clinical case of using methotrexate in the treatment of a patient with infiltrative endometriosis and trophoblast persistence after laparoscopic removal of interstitial tubal pregnancy.
Split pelvis.
Authors: Levitsky G. G.
Published: December 2020

M.m. G.G.! Taz, which I have the opportunity to show you and which is one of the precious copies of the collection of pathological pelvises of the obstetric clinic of St. Vladimira, belongs to the patient K b, who came to the clinic for eversion of the urinary bladder (ectopia vesicae). This patient had already been demonstrated in our Society by Dr. V.N. Gogotsky in the spring semester of 1894. I intend to demonstrate to you only the pelvis of this patient, which is of significant scientific interest, as well as casuistic, as extremely rare encounter. The question of the treatment adopted in this case will be sorted out in another place).
On the reasons for the wrong positions and turns of the baby during childbirth. (Ethiological meaning of the shortness of the umbilical cord).
Authors: Lvov I. M.
Published: December 2020

Mm. Yy! Over the past time, you have never had to observe during practical work in the Likhachevsky maternity hospital, the difficulty of childbirth, because of the wrong positions or wrong turns of the baby during childbirth. So, you saw the transverse position of the fetus during childbirth, the irregular cranial, cranial with the presentation of the handles of the fetus, requiring the intervention of art for the end of childbirth; they also saw not how the posterior types of cranial positions during childbirth did not go into the anterior, but the birth took place with the back of the fetus facing backward, causing more or less difficulty in childbirth, sometimes also requiring the intervention of art; Finally, you have not seen cases when the presenting head of the fetus during childbirth did not make the proper turns, or made incorrect, sometimes excessive, and in many of these cases you observed a very early appearance of signs of intrauterine asphyxiation of the fetus, which began to be difficult to explain and did not for the salvation of the baby of the immediate end of the delivery by an operative way. Undoubtedly, such cases raised in you first of all the question of why they happened, why they were caused and why they could not have been prevented, were foreseen and would have been normal for the course of labor in such cases. I wish to sort out the ethology of these irregularities in the present section and then give you answers to questions that arise involuntarily.
M.I. Karpov. - A case of ovaryotomy. - (Protocol. General Donskikh doctors. Year ten, Novocherkassk, 1895. Appendices, p. 74).
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: December 2020

The operation was made by Ya. A. Muzhenkov. Patient 25 years old, giving birth. Cut along the white line. Ovarian cyst with a thick leg, which directly passes into the broad ligament. Splicing with an oil seal. The leg is tied first with five ligatures, then with two; sheathed with a peritoneum; pinched with pulp, reinforced in the abdominal wound. After the operation, once the temperature was 38.4 . Zhom fell off on the 20th day. Convalescence.
Trakya Bölgesi Şaraplık Üzüm Çeşitlerinde Kısıntılı Sulama Uygulamalarının Yaprak ve Stoma Morfolojik Özelliklerine Etkileri
Authors: CANDAR Serkan , AÇIKBAŞ Bekir , KORKUTAL İlknur , BAHAR Elman
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma 2019 yılı vejetasyon döneminde, Trakya Bölgesi’nde yoğun olarak yetiştirilen Papazkarası (Klon 289), Adakarası (Klon 153), Karalahana, Yapıncak (Klon 175), Vasilaki, Cabernet-Sauvignon ve Sauvignon Blanc asma çeşitlerinde, yarı kontrollü koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Üzüm çeşitlerinin oluşturulan farklı kısıntılı sulama senaryoları altında yaprak ve stoma özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Çeşitlerin genetik karakterleri, incelenen kriterler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli bulunurken, uygulamaların etkisi yalnızca yaprak alanlarında öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bağcılığı yaşanan iklim krizinin etkileri altında sürdürülebilir kılmak için geliştirilen adaptasyon stratejilerinde, çeşitlerin morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin mutlaka değerlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Leadership and School Performance in Central Colleges in the Western Province of Sri Lanka: An Exploratory Study
Authors:   University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka, Fernando R. Lalitha S. , Geethamali H. D. M. Kaushalya , Kularathna E. Achini Indrachapa
Published: December 2020

This study explores the most effective leadership style in school performances of Central Colleges in Sri Lanka and identifies problems and difficulties faced by the principles of the selected schools. This study revealed that the transformational leadership style is the most effective as it leads higher school performances. Some principals of the Central Colleges were not successful due to the lack of resources, negative attitudes of the stakeholders, inefficient government officers, unfavorable external environment and the unnecessary political interference. Policy measures are proposed towards better performance of the Central Colleges of Sri Lanka. Findings of this study will help the governing bodies to design and update policies for improving performance of the Central Colleges specifically, and school leadership of Sri Lanka in generally.
A Guideline of Performance Report by Indicators on the Requirement of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University: Case of QS World University Rankings
Authors:   Department of International Affairs, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, Suwanajote Napasri , Daiporn Atcharapun
Published: December 2020

The research of A Guideline of Performance Report by Indicators on the Requirement of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (SSRU): Case of QS World University Rankings was aimed to search for a guideline of performance report by indicators on the requirement of SSRU as the Student Development Division was assigned and to improve the efficiency and decrease the time of performance monitoring. The sample group of this study was 14 staff from 6 faculties, 7 colleges and 1 graduate school who are responsible for the performance report. The data was gathered by using the questionnaire and the statistics for data analysis were percentage (%), mean (X) and standard deviation (S.D.). The findings revealed that all staff who answered the questionnaire for improving a guideline of performance report by indicators on the requirement of SSRU: case of QS world university rankings were 4 male (28.57%) and 10 female (71.43%) and most of them have been working for 1 – 5 years total 5 staff (35.72%) and 6 – 10 years total 5 staff (35.72%), the overall of understanding of performance report by indicators on the requirement of SSRU: case of QS world university rankings was in the high level (X= 4.04, S.D.= 0.5669) and most of their understanding of the data gathering process of the host section was in the high level (X= 4.21, S.D.= 0.4258), and the overall of satisfaction with performance report by indicators on the requirement of SSRU: case of QS world university rankings was in the high level (X= 3.84, S.D.= 0.5701) and most of their satisfaction with data sending process of the host section was in the high level (X= 4.21, S.D.= 0.4258).
The effect of body mass index on blood pressure in adults with hypertension
Authors: Chudiwal Tushar Balchand , Nanjannavar Anil Gulingayya
Published: December 2020

Background: We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI) measurements in adult hypertensive patients with normal weight and overweight including obesity.Methods: This was a randomized study performed in Udaipur, India, on 200 hypertensive patients aged (32-90) years. Patients were divided according to their body weight (normal weight vs overweight and obesity) into two groups. Weight, height and BMI were measured to estimate the various categories of bodyweight.Results: We found significant relations between body weight and blood pressure. Patients with normal weight had a normal blood pressure. However, a significant increase in blood pressure was observed in patients with overweight and obesity.Conclusions: BMI is related with weight status in hypertensive overweight / obese patients.
Study of clinical features and laboratory investigations for effective management of hyponatremia
Authors: Bhutto M. G. , B. R. Sandeep , Shah Sharath Kumar D. , . Shabaz
Published: December 2020

Background: Hyponatremia, a common electrolyte disorder is mostly observed in hospitalized elderly patients. It is a potential cause of morbidity, mortality and has significant economic impact on the patient and health care system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors, clinical features and management of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients to reduce its incidence and minimize the associated complications.Methods: Current study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital SSMC, Tumkur). Patients were evaluated for the underlying cause of hyponatremia through detailed history and physical examination followed by appropriate laboratory investigations based on urine sodium, serum and urine osmolality. Patients with hyponatremia were classified into categories based on clinical investigations and accordingly treated with suitable therapy.Results: Constitutional symptoms, confusion, fever, vomiting, respiratory symptoms, abdominal pain, loose stools, coma, convulsions and other miscellaneous symptoms were observed in history of hyponatremic patients. Most common etiology was found to be SIADH followed by extrarenal losses, renal failure, cirrhosis, CCF, drug in take and glucocorticoid deficiency. Management of hyponatremia was done using hypertonic saline, administration of diuretics, fluid restriction therapy, administration of vaptans and combination of hypertonic saline and vaptans as  treatment alternatives, no potential complications were observed during treatment of hyponatremia.Conclusions: The possible cause of hyponatremia should always be determined, asoutcomeinsevere hyponatremiais governed by etiology and not merely by serum sodium levels. The correction of hyponatremia helps to improve the prognosis of the underlying disease and to prevent further complications.
Clinical profile and outcome of children admitted with acute encephalitis syndrome
Authors: Adhikari Arpita , Gajre Mona , Kothari Rini , Chaudhari Nayan , Sangale Deepali
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children. We undertook this study for better understanding of clinical profile and outcome of AES in our settings.Methods: It was a prospective observational study. We studied 15 patients of AES admitted in a tertiary care hospital from December 2016 to May 2017. For investigating AES cases, WHO case definition was adopted. Clinically a case of AES is defined as fever or recent history of fever with change in mental status (including confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures). Other early clinical findings could include an increase in irritability, somnolence or abnormal behavior greater than that seen with usual febrile illness. We evaluated their clinical characteristics and outcomes at the time of discharge.Results: Fever, altered sensorium, seizures and headache were the most common symptoms observed in this study. Among 15 cases of AES patients, 6 (40%) recovered completely, while 5 (33.33%) cases had neurological sequelae with a wide range of severity varying from mild to severe at the time of discharge, 4 (26.66%) patient died in the hospital.  Conclusions: This study offers a description of the present etiology, clinical presentation and short-term outcome of AES. Use of mechanical ventilation, lower Glasgow coma score, and concurrent seizures are predictors for a poor outcome. Reporting and appropriate workup of all cases would strengthen the AES surveillance and help in reducing the morbidity and mortality due to this disorder.
Study and correlate the severity of birth asphyxia with serum levels of glucose, uric acid and electrolytes in the cord blood of asphyxiated neonates
Authors: M. Y. Kavya , Rudrappa Sudha , Gopal Girish
Published: December 2020

Background: Perinatal asphyxia one of the most common primary cause of mortality and morbidity among neonates in India and is the commonest cause of stillbirths.Methods: This prospective study was conducted for a period of 18 months which included cases (124) and controls (124) comprised of asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated neonates respectively.  The umbilical cord arterial blood was collected by double clamp technique and sent for analysis of electrolytes, uric acid and glucose.Results: Umbilical arterial sodium, calcium and glucose concentration was significantly lower in cases as compared to Control and potassium, uric acid and creatinine concentration was found to be on the higher in the cases as compared to the controls, and the difference was statistically significant with p<0.001.Conclusions: Metabolic abnormalities like hyponatremia, hypocalcaemia and hyperuricemia are significant risk factors for perinatal brain injury. Identification and treatment of such abnormalities results in improved outcome in affected neonates.
Effect of neonatal sepsis on platelet counts and their indices
Authors: Mevundi Gonesh N. , S. Harsha
Published: December 2020

Background: Neonatal septicemia is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. Objective of the study was to know the effect of sepsis on platelet counts and their indices.Methods: The study was carried out over a period of one and half year from December 2015 to July 2017 at Sangmeshwar and Basaveshwar hospital attached to M. R. medical college, Kalaburagi. 100 cases were considered for this study after proper screening for complete blood count (CBC), platelet count and their indices like mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood culture in neonates admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with proven sepsis.Results: A total of 100 neonates with blood culture positive for bacterial cases were considered for the study. Early onset septicaemia (59%) was more common than late onset septicaemia (41%). Out of 100 cases 57% cases had growth of gram negative organisms, 40% had growth of gram positive organisms and 3% had growth of fungal. Tachypnea (27%), lethargy (20%) and refusal of feeds (8%) were the commonest clinical presentation followed by, fever (6%), convulsions (5%) and jaundice (5%). 60% neonates had thrombocytopenia of varying severity. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism associated with thrombocytopenia (43.3%). Mean platelet volume (MPV) was high in 85% of cases and platelet distribution width (PDW) was high in 96% of cases.Conclusions: The present study highlights the association of thrombocytopenia, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width with causative organism in proven neonatal sepsis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism causing thrombocytopenia in our NICU.
Perceptions, attitudes and practices of physicians regarding use of complementary and alternative medicine in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Marathe Ashwini A. , Sengupta Koyeli S.
Published: December 2020

Background: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been reported as highly prevalent in literature. Our objective was to assess the perceptions, attitudes and practices of Indian physicians regarding use of CAM in ASD.Methods: An online survey was emailed to pediatricians, developmental pediatricians, pediatric neurologists and psychiatrists. We had 417 respondents, 78% being primary-care pediatricians. Descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: Of 417 respondents, 75% physicians were unaware or minimally aware of the risks and benefits of CAM. 60% of pediatricians rarely or did not ask families about their use of CAM, and 57% felt that families too do not bring up CAM. 67% of pediatricians felt that less than 25% of their patients used CAM, though 50% regularly prescribed nutritional supplements to children with ASD. Pediatricians reported either not offering an opinion or referring to a specialist for questions about GFCF (83%), stem-cell transplant (69%), hyperbaric oxygen (71%) and ayurveda or homeopathic remedies (49%). Lack of ASD-specific intervention services, time, training and practice guidelines were perceived as barriers to care. 97% physicians desired autism training, while 81% also desired CAM training.Conclusions: Most pediatricians perceive use of CAM in ASD to be lower than reported and do not discuss or opine on CAM modalities with families of children with ASD, possibly due to inadequate doctor-patient communication and limited awareness and knowledge about CAM in ASD, underscoring need for capacity building in this area.
Study of the pattern, intent behind and outcome of acute poisoning in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Srinivas G. , Aashik Y. S. , Muthalik Manoj
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute poisoning is one of the major medical emergencies with significant morbidity and mortality. Appropriate planning, prevention and management techniques can be designed by knowing the nature, severity and outcome of acute poisoning cases. Most of the poisoning is due to the intention of deliberate self-harm. This study aimed to study the pattern and outcome of acute poisoning and the intent behind poisoning.  Methods: This is a cross sectional study which included 100 acute poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital. The study includes data regarding age, sex, time elapsed after intake of poison; name of the poisonous substance, duration of hospitalization, severity and outcome were collected in the prestructured proforma. Intent behind poisoning was calculated using Beck’s suicide intent score.  Results: Incidence was more common among males (69%) but there was no significant correlation between gender and mortality. Mean age of presentation was 35.66 years but age of presentation and mortality correlation was not statistically significant (t=0.92, p=0.3). Organophosphorous compound poisoning (36%) was the most common type of poisoning. Total mortality was found to be 12%. Beck’s suicide intent scores were higher in patients who died and statistically significant (t=8.96, p=0.0001). Maximum patients expired when there was a delay in admission to hospital by more than 8 hours after exposure.  Conclusions: Poisoning is more common in young males. The overall mortality depends on type of poison, time elapsed since exposure to hospital arrival, suicidal intent and many other factors. Early care in a tertiary care center may help to reduce mortality in India.
Effect of hypothyroidism on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Golwalkar Jayant K. , Gudge Sachin
Published: December 2020

Background: The major cause for complications of diabetes is hyperglycemia which can be prevent or reversing complications by using key effective blood sugar control and improving the life quality. Recognizing the link between thyroid disease and diabetes is important to guide clinicians in optimal management of both conditions. Therefore, the current study is undertaken to study the effects of thyroid disease on glycerin administration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of General Medicine, ARMCH and RC, Kumbhari during study period of two years. All patients with type 2 diabetics who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the study period were sampled for the present study. Baseline data were recorded, including medical history, family history, drug history, and personal history. Clinical data was collected by using pre-structured questionnaires.Results: In the present study, Euthyroid was 84%, subclinical hypothyroidism was 12% and clinical hypothyroidism was 4%. Majority of the subjects belongs to age group of 51-60 years (36%). The association of hypothyroidism was found to be significant with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), duration of DM, electrocardiography (ECG) changes, retinopathy and nephropathy (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Early identification of thyroid dysfunction and correction of thyroid function may result in better glycerin control and help prevent the development of long-term complications.
Radiologic and functional outcome in patients with ipsilateral fractures of proximal femur and shaft treated by long proximal femoral nailing
Authors: S. Saju , M. A. Thomas
Published: December 2020

Background: Combination of ipsilateral proximal femur and shaft of femur fractures are one of the rare fractures which were previously managed with two different implants for each fracture. Various studies have shown that long proximal femoral nailing is as effective as two different implants in fracture healing.

Methods: 25 cases in the age group of 20-80 years with ipsilateral proximal femur and shaft of femur fractures were enrolled from July 2014 to July 2017 and treated with long proximal femoral nailing. The cases were followed up at 6 weekly intervals and were assessed for their functional outcome using Friedman and Wyman criteria.

Results: Proximal femoral fractures united at an average time of 3.96 ±1.3 months, whereas the mean time shaft of femur fractures took to unite was 5.67±3 months. The mean time patients took to start full weight bearing was 6.15±2.76 months. Functional assessment at 12 months revealed outcome as good in18 (75%), fair in 5 (20.8%) and poor in 1 (4.1%).

Conclusions: Long proximal femoral nailing is a good option in managing patients with ipsilateral proximal and shaft of femur fractures.
Pseudo scapula alata: a case report of a scapular osteochondroma
Authors: Sousa Rita M. , Sapage Rita , Branco Carlos , Sousa Diogo , Reis Joao , Geraldes Ricardo , Branco Ricardo , Cruz António Gomes
Published: December 2020

An osteochondroma is a type of cartilaginous tumour, that frequently affects long bones. In the scapula, although rare, this benign tumour is the most frequently encountered. The symptoms at this location are usually related to the mass effect that it can produce. Surgery is recommended when symptoms of compression, pain or an increase in size are noticed. The authors present a case of a 11 year-old-boy with an osteochondroma on the ventral surface of the scapula, that cause a pseudo winging of this bone and pain, with indication for surgical excision. Pseudo scapula alata should be differentiated from the true one, which is a dynamic dyskinesia. In the presence of this static deformity the surgeon must keep in mind other diagnosis as a scapular osteochondroma or other mass effect lesions. This benign tumour does not frequently suffer malignant transformation. Surgery can lead to a complete resolution of the symptoms, and if done properly decrease to almost zero the rate of recurrence. The diagnosis of the tumour in this location can be delayed due to its atypical location and presentation. With this case report the authors expect to raise awareness of the unusual manifestations of osteochondroma, especially in the paediatric setting.

 
Contrasting presentation of solitary scapular osteochondroma: a report of three cases and review of literature
Authors: Varughese Ajay Alex , Pandey Ritesh Arvind , Paul Rajesh , John Bobby
Published: December 2020

Scapular osteochondroma can have unusual manifestations like pseudo-winging and snapping syndrome in ventrally located lesions. Dorsally located lesions cause a cosmetic blemish and difficulty in lying supine. We present a series of 3 cases of scapular osteochondroma with varying presentations. One was a ventral surface (subscapular) osteochondroma which presented with pseudo winging and snapping syndrome and 2 were dorsal surface osteochondromas which presented with prominence at the back and difficulty in lying supine. All were treated surgically with good functional and cosmetic results. Surgical resection of tumor is the treatment of choice. An appropriate surgical approach should be chosen depending on the location of tumor. We propose the use of trapezius sparing approach and splitting the scapular apophysis for subscapular osteochondroma in children as it produces less soft tissue damage, is easy to repair and allows early rehabilitation.

 
A fracture of OS trigonum: a rare case report
Authors: Palaniappan Gnanaprakash , Rasquinha Chetan John , Kamalanathan Major K.
Published: December 2020

Fractures of os trigonum is an extremely rare event. It is one of the accessory ossicles of the foot found in about 7 % of the population. Very few cases have been reported in the literature about a fracture of the ostrigonum. We present a case of fracture of ostrigonum with associated fracture of the fibula and a large lacerated wound in the leg, in a young man sustained due to road traffic accident. The initial radiological examination with Xray ankle showed a doubtful fracture of posterior process of talus but was not clear. The diagnosis was clinched by CT scan of the ankle with 2mm cuts, which showed clearly a fracture of the os trigonum. It was treated by flap cover for the wound and plaster immobilisation for the fracture. So, any doubtful fracture near the posterior process of talus should be fully assessed radiologically with a CT scan to guide in the treatment.
Orthopaedics and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Paul Prannoy
Published: December 2020

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems across the world in an unprecedented manner. Several healthcare providers are now being recruited for COVID management from their original departments. In addition, reallocation of the available resources and the current economic confinements have forced hospitals worldwide to be restructured in a way so as to provide the best possible care for the patients, while preventing the transmission of coronavirus among patients as well as among healthcare providers.