bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES IN ANTI-VIRAL THERAPY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Oksanich A. S. , Nikonova A. A. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

More than 60 recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed for the treatment of various diseases in the last 20 years. About 30 antibody preparations are approved for use in therapy, including large group of drugs against cancer. In addition, mAbs are used in transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular, autoimmune and, in rare cases, infectious diseases. Despite the fact that tens millions of people die every year from viral diseases, only one drug based on recombinant antibodies for the prevention of RSV in children is currently allowed. This review focuses on approaches to generate therapeutic mAbs to fight viral infection, examples of mAb therapies for viral infections, and the challenges of developing such therapies.
CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Dragomeretskaya A. G. , Trotsenko O. E. , Bebenina L. A. , Kurganova O. P. , Ignateva M. E. , Zaitseva T. A. , Kopylov P. V. , Maslov D. V. , Zhdanova N. I. , Rubtsova A. A. , Funtusova O. A. , Fedelesh I. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To analyze current epidemiological and epizootological situation on cystic (hydatidiform) echinococcosis in constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Data of the administrations of the Federal service for surveillance on consumers rights protection and human wellbeing as well as data of the FBIH «Center of hygiene and epidemiology» located in different constituent territories of the FEFD during 2013-2017 was used. A review of scientific papers concerning the topic of the current article was performed. Results. Mainly sporadic cases of the disease were registered in 7 out of 9 constituent entities of the FEFD during the 2013-2017. The Jewish Autonomous district and Kamchatka region were free of the echinococcosis during the 5-year observation period. Echinococcosis cases were registered annually in the Chukotka Autonomous district, Republic Sakha (Yakutia) and Primorsky region. Herewith, the incidence rates in Chukotka Autonomous district and Republic Sakha (Yakutia) notably exceeded the national average. No fatal outcomes due to cystic echinococcosis in the FEFD were registered. Conclusion. Implementation of immunoepidemiological surveillance of the population of different age groups and professions is recommended on the constituent entities with registered cases of cystic echinococcosis.
ORGANIZATION OF PREVENTIVE, ANTI-EPIDEMIC ACTIONS TO DECREASE RISKS OF EPIDEMIC SITUATION COMPLICATIONS FOR PLAGUE IN REPUBLIC ALTAI
Authors: Balakhonov S. V. , Schuchinov L. V. , Mischenko A. I. , Matrosov A. N. , Denisov A. V. , Rozhdestvensky E. N. , Korzun V. M. , Kosilko S. A. , Tagyzova S. L. , Toporkov V. P. , Popov N. V. , Scherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim - аnalysis and evaluation of efficiency of anti-epidemic, preventive actions for decrease of plague infection risk for the population and prevention of this illness export outside the Republic Altai limits. Analysis was performed by the data of practical and research Establishments of Rospotrebnadzor. Due to occurrence of three epidemic plague foci in local population in Gorno-Altai natural focus where the infection source was an Altai marmot, the complex of organizational, anti-epidemic, preventive actions was performed for its localization and liquidation and also minimization of risk of anthropogenous plague distribution in Republic Altai and its exportation from the endemic region. Interaction of the Services and Departments in realization of organizational, anti-epidemic, preventive actions in Kosh-Agach district created the necessary conditions for localization, liquidation of the epidemic plague foci in the shortest terms, prevented the illness distribution by the anthropogenous way and its exportation outside the limits of the enzootic territory.
DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATITIS E 3 GENOTYPE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN CAPSID OF: CLONING, EXPRESSION, PURIFICATION, EVALUATION OF THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Alatortseva G. I. , Sidorov A. V. , Nesterenko L. N. , Luhverchik L. N. , Dotsenko V. V. , Amiantova I. I. , Zhukina M. V. , Kabargina V. Yu. , Milovanova A. V. , Vorobev D. S. , Ammur Yu. I. , Mikhailov M. I. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Zhavoronok S. V. , Blinov V. M. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The development of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 recombinant capsid protein. Materials and methods. E.coli strains, plasmid vectors, serological and clinical samples, ELISA reagent kits, molecular biological, bioinformatic, biotechnological, biochemical and serological methods. Results. Using viruscontaining material from pigs of Belgorod region (Russian Federation) we made E.coli strains producing recombinant capsid protein, containing C-terminal of viral ORF2 protein fragment fused to E.coli β-galactosidase. Recombinant protein ORF2 had been isolated from the bacterial inclusion bodies and purified by size exclusion chromatography. Antigenic specificity of the recombinant polypeptide was confirmed by ELISA and Western blotting with sera of hepatitis E patients and reference groups (healthy donors, patients with hepatitis A, B, C, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus infection and HIV-infected patients). Conclusion. HEV genotype 3 ORF2 recombinant antigen had been developed, and the possibility to use it in diagnostic tests had been experimentally shown.
PROPERTIES OF NATIVE PROTEIN-CONTAINING ANTIGENS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
Authors: Vorobyev D. S. , Semenova I. B. , Volokh Yu. V. , Romanenko E. E. , Baturo A. P. , Mikhailova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The study of immunochemical and immunobiological properties of native protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the strains of the Collective Usage Center «Collection of Mechnikov Res. Inst. for Vaccine and Sera». In the work studied the chemical composition, the molecular weight of the obtained antigens in SDS-electrophoresis and antibody titers in ELISA. Protective activity of protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus was determined in experiments of active protection of mice. Results. Protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus were isolated from S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6B, 10A, 14, 19F, 23F and 36. The chemical composition of the preparations contained from 16 to 35% protein. In SDS-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel it was established that the molecular weight of protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus ranged from 14 to 116 kDa. Using ELISA shows the cross-activity of native antigens. Virtually all drugs reacted with antimicrobial rabbit serum obtained to serotype 19F (p≤0.05). Serotype serum 14 was less active and only protein-containing pneumococcal antigens obtained from 14 and 19F serotypes (p≤0.05) interacted with it. In the precipitation test according to Ouchterlony it was confirmed that preparations of serotypes 3, 6B, 14, 19F and 36 reacted with rabbit immune serum obtained for S. pneumoniae 19F serotype. In immunoblotting it was found that protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus isolated from serotypes 3, 6B, 10A, 14, 19F and 36 were associated with monoclonal antibodies to pneumococcal protein — pneumolysin. In vivo experiments it was shown that protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus protected animals from intraperitoneal infection of S. pneumoniae in homologous and heterologous systems (p≤0.05). Conclusion. The revealed immunochemical and cross-protective activity of protein-containing antigens of pneumococcus in vitro and in vivo experiments allows to select drugs derived from serotypes 6B, 10A, 19F and 36, as the most promising for further study of the intraspecific protective activity of individual native proteins of pneumococcus.
AUTOPHAGY REGULATION BY RUBELLA VIRUS
Authors: Gulimov M. K. , Romantsova L. R. , Astapenko A. V. , Schetinina Yu. R. , Prokofeva E. V. , Movsesyan G. V. , Zverev V. V. , Ammur Yu. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Some viruses can subvert host defense mechanism, autophagy, to their own benefit. We analysed the effect of Rubella virus (RV) infection on autophagy in human alveolar epithelial cells A549. Materials and methods. Cells were infected with the wild type and lab-attenuated strain, C-77w and C-77a, respectively, with a multiplicity of infection of 1.0, in parallel, the expression level of genes encoding Beclin1, Atg5, Rab7, and p62 (SQSTM1) proteins participating in different steps of autolysosome formation was measured. To investigate the role of autophagy on RV replication cycle, we measured the amount of infectious RV particles, together with the viral RNA in supernatants and cell lysates, after incubation of A549 cells with wild type or attenuated strain in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor, Bafilomycin A1, or inducer, Rapamycin. Results. The significant increase in Beclin1 and Atg5 gene expression at 24-48 (for the wild type) and 24-72 (for the attenuated type) hours after infection was observed, while significant induction of either Rab7 or SQSTM1 gene expression was not noticed. This effect was correlated with more delayed increase of IFNβ expression and IFNβ-mediated pro-apoptotic gene expression leading to apoptotic cell death 72-96 hours after infection. Moreover, Bafilomycin A1 diminished the RV infection non significantly, as evidenced by the RT-qPCR and plaque assay, while Rapamycin increased the amount of infectious RV particles released by the infected cells more dramatically with wild type comparing with attenuated strain. Conclusion. Thus, we hypothesized that RV can use an antiviral mechanism to prevent degradation and ensure its replication, differentially regulating the process of autophagy, by stimulating the initiation and suppression of later steps.
POLYCOMPONENT VACCINE IMMUNOVAC-VP-4 AND IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC CONCEPT OF ITS USE FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES CAUSED BY OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Egorova N. B. , Kurbatova E. A. , Akhmatova N. K. , Gruber I. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Analysis of experimental data and results of long-term clinical studies of immunotherapeutic and prophylactic effectiveness of a polycomponent vaccine, Immunovac-VP-4. Materials and methods. Immunogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, which antigens possessed broad intra — and interspecific cross-protective activity were selected to obtain the vaccine. Immunological parameters were determined using flow cytometry with the use of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies to cytokines, Toll-like receptors, surface molecules of dendritic cells and lymphocytes. The clinical effect of Immunovac-VP-4 was evaluated in chronic inflammatory and allergic diseases, as well as in the prevention of acute respiratory diseases (ARI) in children’s organized groups. Results. Immunovac-VP-4, protected the mice from infection caused by etiologically significant strains of bacteria and viruses, increased TLR-2, 4, 9-expressing cells; maturing the dendritic cells; the synthesis of cytokines IL1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFNγ,; proliferation and increased cytotoxicity of NK cells. Significant clinical effect (69.2 — 100)% of Immunovac-VP-4 on the background of the basic therapy was obtained in patients with chronic inflammatory and allergic diseases. The therapeutic effect was accompanied by a positive dynamics of immunological parameters, in particular, an increase in IFNγ and a decrease in IL-4. Immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis using Immunovac-VP-4 led to a decrease in the number of episodes of acute respiratory infections and their bacterial complications, including children in organized groups. Conclusion. Immunological feasibility of using Immunovac-VP-4 in complex treatment and prevention of bacterial and viral infections, caused by opportunistic microorganisms, as well as in allergic diseases was proved.
Comparative analysis of adaptation properties in typical and genetically altered Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains
Authors: Zadnova S. P. , Kritsky A. A. , Plekhanov N. A. , Cheldyshova N. B. , Smirnova N. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of biological properties in natural strains of genovariants of V. cholerae biovar El Tor, affecting their adaptation  capacities under nutrient  deficiency while comparing them with typical strains. Materials and methods. Competitive  sampling was carried out through  plating a mixture of cells of the two strains under investigation into autoclaved river water. Growth rate was evaluated through the optic density values. Gene expression was studied applying RT-PCR with designed primers and probes. Results. It is established that during combined  cultivation of V. cholerae El Tor typical strains and genovariants under the shortage of nutrient substances (autoclaved river water), at room temperature, the level of survivability in genetically altered strains is higher than in typical strains, which points to their expressed adaptation advantages over the typical ones under the stated conditions.  It is demonstrated that selective benefits of genovariant strains are provided by higher cell growth rate and increased rpoS gene expression. Conclusion. Obtained have been new data on the ability of bacterial strains of V. cholerae El Tor genovariants to rapidly grow and better express global regulator of stress response, rpoS gene, which, probably, contributes to their enhanced adaptation not only under nutrient deficiency, but under the influence of other stress factors too.
Epidemiological and molecular-genetic monitoring of rotavirus infection in the Orenburg region in the period predictively
Authors: Akimkin V. G. , Gorelov A. V. , Podkolzin A. T. , Denisyuk N. B.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To analyze the epidemiological situation of rotavirus infection in the Orenburg region, taking into account  the manifestations  of the epidemic  process and the molecular  genetic characteristics  of rotavirus group. Materials and methods. We рresented the results of epidemiological and molecular genetic monitoring of rotavirus infection in the period 2013-2017. Molecular genetic typing was performed in 232 fecal samples of patients under 3 years of age with rotavirus infection. Were used methods of retrospective epidemiological analysis, ELISA, PCR. Results. The incidence of high tear and had a tendency to increase. The most affected were children under 14 years of age. The genetic potential of the rotavirus population in the region was represented by ten main genotypes. The leading significance in the epidemic process were genotypes with the highest frequency of occurrence:  G4[P]8  (56,9%), G9[P]8  (12,9%), Mixt (8,6%), G2[P]4  (7,7%), G1[P]8  (6,5%). Conclusion. Were revealed a significant increase in the incidence of rotavirus infection among children. Were revealed the dominant genotypes of rotaviruses, their regional diversity and change during several seasons.
Epidemiology of HIV-assosiated tuberculosis in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Bazykina E. A. , Trotsenko O. E. , Turkutyukov V. B. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Kotova V. O.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To determine  epidemiologic manifestations  of HIV-infection associated with tuberculosis in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). Materials and methods. The retrospective epidemiologic analysis was performed based on the official statistical data form № 61 «Data on HIV infected population» in reference to clinically registered HIV and tuberculosis co-infected  patients. Results. The research revealed a growth trend of general tuberculosis prevalence against the background of stabilization of the tuberculosis incidence in HIV-positive  patients in the FEFD during 2006-2015. High tuberculosis-burden was registered in the most of the Far Eastern federal district constituent entities (Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions, Jewish and Chukotka  autonomous districts, Amursk oblast, and Republic Sakha (Yakutia). A statistically significant positive correlation  (r=0,66, p=0,003)  between percentage  of active tuberculosis in HIV-positive  patients and percentage of patients with AIDS was identified. The percentage of active tuberculosis in HIV-positive people on average over 10 years equaled to 65.0%. The prevalence rate of tuberculosis was higher by 19.2% in HIV-positive  inmates  compared  with HIV-positive  civilians. Conclusion. Тhe  FEFD is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation with high and unstable levels of tuberculosis prevalence in people living with HIV.
The prevalence r ate of human herpes viruses among different age populations
Authors: Mardanly S. G. , Arseneva V. A. , Mardanly S. S. , Rotanov S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To evaluate infection with both individual types of HHV and their combinations for two categories of population — children and elderly persons. Materials and methods. The presence of IgG to human herpes viruses 1-6 and 8 types in sera of children  aged 0-18 (1006 individuals) and elderly patients  aged 60-99 (1004 individuals) was investigated by ELISA-method. Results. It was shown that 45 — 61,3% of examined children (aged 0-2 years) are infected with HHV-1, HHV-3, HHV-4, HHV-5 and HHV-6. The subsequent dynamics of infection with the first, third and fourth types of HHV expressed in the final constant growth up to 16-18 years was noted. There was no connection between children age and HHV-2, HHV-6 and HHV-8, it was ranged from 45 to 68% for HHV-6  and did not rise above 3.5 and 10% for HHV-2  and HHV-8 respectively. In most cases elderly persons of all age groups were infected with HHV-1, HHV-3, HHV-4 and HHV-5, antibodies to HHV-2 were detected in 21,3-26,6% of all individuals of this age. Conclusion. In order to ensure effective planning and implementation of adequate  treatment and preventive measures that will minimize the adverse medical and social consequences of HHV spread among the population of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to continue detailed study of HHV infection in all population groups.
Possibility of using exometabolites Bifidobacterium bifidum № 791 in traumatology and orthopedics
Authors: Markov A. A. , Timokhina T. H. , Perunova N. B. , Paromova Ya. I. , Ivanova E. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the effect of exometabolites  of Bifidobacterium bifidum on the biological properties of causative agents of purulent-septic complications  in trauma and orthopedic  practice and to evaluate their effect on reparative bone tissue regeneration in the peri-implant zone in the postoperative period. Materials and methods. Using the museum cultures of B. bifidum 791, S. aureus 25923 ATCC,  P. aeruginosa 27853 ATCC  and  antibiotic-resistant hospital  strains,  isolated from patients  with periprosthetic  infection  and osteomyelitis (S.aureus 889, S. epidermidis 2041, P. aeruginosa 9672). The supernatant  (exometabolites)  of B. bifidum 791 was obtained from a broth culture, which was centrifuged and passed through a membrane filter. In studying the effect of exometabolites  of bifidobacteria  on the proliferative activity of bacteria, the two-day supernatant  of B. bifidum was co-incubated for 24 cultures of museum  and hospital strains. The biofilm formation  in vitro experiment  was studied after 24 and 96 hours. Treatment  of implants with exometabolites of bifidobacteria was carried out for 30 minutes. Experimental  research was carried out on rabbits of breed «Flandr». Titanium  implants  without  coating (control)  and with porous SBKFM  coating treated with exometabolites  of B. bifidum (experiment) were screwed into the tibial bones of animals. Histological examination  and computed  microtomography were performed  using a SkyScan 1172 instrument (BRUKER). Result. Depending on the time of cultivation of bifidobacteria, the supernatant B. bifidum 791 had a bacteriostatic  and bactericidal effect to varying degrees, and also inhibited the biofilm formation of the studied microorganism cultures, including antibiotic-resistant strains. In in vivo experiments, the use of porous SBKFM coatings on titanium implants treated with the supernatant of bifidobacteria made it possible to maintain the mineral density indices of the peri-implantation zone at a high level in comparison with the use of control titanium implants without coating. Conclusion. Positive results of preclinical experiments are promising for further clinical research in trauma and orthopedic  practice, which ultimately will reduce the risk of developing septic complications  and prevent the migration of metal structures and instability of endoprostheses in the postoperative period.
Age features of species diversity lactobacill of large intestine in residents of Tyumen
Authors: Kataeva L. V. , Vakarina A. A. , Kolotova O. N. , Posoyuznykh O. V. , Tashlanova V. V. , Karpukhina N. F. , Bychkova L. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the species composition of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, inhabiting the distal large intestine of patients of different age groups, residents of the city of Tyumen.Materials and methods. The content of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus in feces of 1545 residents of Tyumen aged 1 month to 76 years who complained of intestinal dysfunction was analyzed. Grown colonies of lactobacilli identified by mass spectrometry.Results. The study of the species composition of lactobacilli showed their wide diversity depending on age. Statistically significant differences in the content of lactobacilli in the large intestine in different age groups of patients were identified by the species L. rhamnosus and L. fermentum. Conclusion. Information on the species characterization of lactobacilli that inhabit the large intestine of patients, taking into account age-related features, will increase the effectiveness of the correction of the microbiota of the large intestine and the prevention of inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Method of Immuno-PCR in diagnostics of bacterial and viral infections
Authors: Barkova I. A. , Barkov A. M. , Viktorov D. V.
Published: September 2019

Immuno-PCR (I-PCR) combines the capabilities of two modern diagnostic methods of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), combination these methods causes a 100-10000 fold increase in sensitivity compared to a similar ELISA. The review considers the main variants of I-PCR, gives examples of possible use of the method for early and retrospective diagnosis of various diseases.
Antiretroviral therapy effect on specific antibodies spectrum changes to HIV-1 individual antigenes from persons infected with different virus subtypes
Authors: Lukhverchik L. N. , Alatortseva G. I. , Nesterenko L. N. , Dotsenko V. V. , Amiantova I. I. , Zhukina M. V. , Kabargina V. Yu. , Bobkova M. R. , Kazennova E. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To estimate the antibodies (Ab) level to HIV-1 antigens in persons infected with virus various subtypes, which received and didn’t receive antiretroviral therapy (ART).Materials and methods. Blood serum samples of HIV-1-infected with subtypes A1, B and C (ART+) — 40 persons, (ART-) — 29 persons. Ab were determined by modified linear immunoassay. Positivity indices for each antigen were calculated for each sample.Results. Multidirectional changes in the Ab level to HIV-1 antigens were revealed in persons infected with virus various subtypes at the ART background and without it.Conclusion. The study of Ab spectrum changes in persons infected with virus various subtypes at the ART background is promising for the additional dynamic criteria development for HIV infection progress estimation.
Analysis of prevalence of HIV-1 primary resistance to antiretroviral drugs in the territory of Moscow and Moscow region
Authors: Nosik M. N. , Ryzhov K. A. , Kravchenko A. V. , Sevostyanihin S. E. , Kuimova U. A. , Potapova А. B. , Sobkin A. L.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To analyze the level of HIV drug resistance among primary patients (who did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)) living in the Moscow region, where access to the antiretroviral therapy is quite high.Material and methods. Blood samples from 527 drug-nanve patients who live in the Moscow (n=279) and in the Moscow region (n=248) were examined for the period 2008-2015 years. For detecting and analyzing possible mutations of resistance virus genome nucleotide sequence region was studied using the test systems ViroseqTMHIV-1 Genotyping System and StanfordnHIV Drug Resistance database (http://cpr.stanford.edu/cpr.cgi).Results. It was found that the level of transmission of HIV-1 resistant strains among na^e-drug HIV-positive patients is still quite low, that is 2%. However, the percentage of polymorphism mutations and secondary substitutions which in combination with other resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene can reduce the virus sensitivity to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) is quite high — 34.5%.Conlusion. The level of primary resistance among drug-nanve HIV-infected persons does not exceed 5%. However, given the wide access to ART and the emergence in recent years of ambiguous mutations and deletions in the reverse transcriptase/ protease gene that could potentially lead to ARVs resistance, it is obvious that continuous monitoring of the circulation of resistant strains is necessary.
The application of molecular genetic analysis and genomic profiling of infectious diseases causative agents in Sochi during the preparation and holding of the Fifa World Cup 2018
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Kulichenko A. N. , Volynkina A. S. , Kuznetsova I. V. , Podkolzin A. T. , Chekhvalova E. V. , Orobey V. G.
Published: September 2019

During the preparation of the FIFA World Cup 2018 in 2015-2017 genetic features of regional pathogenic strains in the city of Sochi are determined. The strains and nucleic acid isolates of bacterial and viral infectious diseases causative agents — acute intestinal infections: rota-, noro-, astro and enteroviruses, Salmonella enteritidis, natural focal infections: hantaviruses, Rickettsia of tick spotted fevers group, Borrelia are genotyped. In result, complex genetic profiling of infection diseases causative agents variants that are actual for the Sochi region has been carried out. The obtained database was used to provide molecular analysis of pathogens during the XIX International Festival of Youth and Students (2017) and during the FIFA World Cup (2018). The perspective of using this algorithm of genetic analysis in description of outbreaks (cases) of infectious diseases in specific areas is shown.
Molecular-genetic mechanisms of conservation of the pathogenic potential of the causative agents environments of natural-focus sapronosis
Authors: Andryukov B. G. , Somova L. M. , Bynina M. P. , Lyapun I. N.
Published: September 2019

For interepidemic periods of natural focal sapronoses, various ways of maintaining the viability of pathogens in terrestrial parasitic systems are associated with various adaptation strategies necessary for the conservation of the population. Unlike spore-forming bacteria, sapronose pathogens use stable cellular forms — a viable but uncultivated state and persistence. The implementation of these strategies is due to the influence of various stress factors of the habitat and is characterized by a decrease in metabolism, a change in the morphology and physiology of the bacterial cell, and the cessation of its replication. It is important that stable forms of cells retain virulence and, when favorable conditions come, they are again transformed into active vegetative forms. The discovery in recent years of genetic modules of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems has made it possible to uncover complex regulatory molecular mechanisms for preserving the pathogenic potential of stable forms of pathogens of natural focal sapronoses in interepidemic periods.
Proteomic profiling of Yersinia pestis strains circulating in the area of natural plague foci of North Caucasus and Transcaucasia
Authors: Koteneva E. A. , Kotenev E. S. , Kalinin A. V. , Tsarеva N. S. , Kot L. A. , Zharinova N. V. , Zaitsev A. A. , Pechkovsky G. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To create a database of mass spectra of Yersinia pestis strains, which will differentiate the strains of the main and Caucasian subspecies of the plague agent by MALDI-TOF MS. Materials and methods. MALDITOF mass spectrometry was used to study 50 strains of Y. pestis, isolated on the territory of 7 natural plague foci of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia in the period 1950-2012. The removal of mass spectra of extracts of cells of Y. pestis was performed using the mass spectrometer Microflex LT «Bruker Daltonics». The results were processed and analyzed in FlexAnalysis programs, аnd MALDI Biotyper V. 3.0. Results. Тhis study showed that mass spectra have characteristic features that allow differentiating strains of the main (Y. pestis pestis) and subspecies (Y. pestis caucasica). Peaks characteristic of each subspecies were detected. The presence in Y. pestis caucasica subspecies peaks characteristic of the ancestral form — Y. pseudotuberculosis indicates the ancient origin of this group, which is consistent with the data of molecular genetic and WGS analysis given in other publications. Conclusion. Тhis work shows the possibility of applying the MALDI-TOF method of mass spectrometry for rapid differentiation of strains of the main subspecies Y. pestis pestis from the subspecies Y. pestis caucasica, which have different significance in the development and maintenance of the epizootic process in natural plague foci as well as different virulence for humans. Identification of the strain to the subspecies level requires carrying out culture and biochemical tests, which can take several days. The proposed method makes it possible to differentiate and obtain a result within half an hour after receiving a pure culture.
Molecular-genetic study of the RA-27/3 strain used for production of rubella vaccine
Authors: Ignatev G. M. , Atrashevskaya E. V. , Suchanova L. L. , Sidorenko E. S. , Netesova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. In order to study rubella virus strain RA-27/3 genetic stability, used for the vaccines production, a molecular genetic study was conducted. Materials and methods. In the study different series of master and work seed of RA-27/3 rubella virus strain by «Microgen», a few lots of rubella vaccines by the different manufacturers, as well as strain «Orlov» of rubella virus were used. RT-PCR followed by restriction, sequencing were performed . Results. Full-genomic sequences of the rubella virus strain RA-27/3 by «Microgen», were obtained and presented to GenBank. The full structure correspondence of RA-27/3 rubella virus strain by «Microgen» to the similar rubella strains used by GSK and Merck Co Inc. has been shown. The RT-PCR method with the subsequent restriction was fulfilled using only domestic reagents. The developed method has been demonstrated as applicable for the identification of the RA-27/3 rubella virus strain as in monopreparation as well as in the combined vaccine preparation. Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to suggest application of the molecular genetic methods for the vaccine virus identification not only at the production stages, but also in the finished vaccine lots.
Vaccination of patients with bronchial asthma against influenza and pneumococcal infection
Authors: Protasov A. V. , Andreeva N. P. , Kostinovа A. M.
Published: September 2019

The review presents data on the role of respiratory agents in the pathogenesis of exacerbations of bronchial asthma and the impact of vaccination on the clinical course of the disease. The features of the formation of protective immunity in various immunization schemes are analyzed. In patients with bronchial asthma, the substantiation of the vaccination scheme with the advantage of priority administration of conjugated polysaccharide vaccine followed by the introduction of polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine after 8 weeks is given. It was shown that vaccination against pneumococcal infection resulted in elimination from sputum S. pneumoniae. Influenza vaccination in patients with bronchial asthma reduced the frequency and duration of exacerbations. Combined vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infections did not reduce the clinical and immunological effect.
Pengaruh Latihan Small-Sided Games Terhadap Keterampilan Passing, Controlling dan Shooting Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Sepakbola SMK Negeri 1 Tegalsari Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Wardana Charaka Raga , Setiabudi Moh. Agung , Candra Arya T
Published: September 2019

Passing, control, dan shooting merupakan teknik dasar yang paling dominan dilakukan dalam permainan sepakbola. Keterampilan ini harus dikuasai oleh pemain agar permainan menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini  adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan memberikan perlakuan small side games. Subyek penelitian ini adalah peserta ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMK Negeri 1 Tegalsari Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai sig 0,000 pada tes passing dan control. Sedangkan hasil tes shooting menunjukkan nilai sig sebesar 0,008 lebih kecil daripada derajat alpha 0,05. Dalam artian ada pengaruh yang signifikan pemberian perlakuann small side games terhadap keterampilan passing, control, dan shooting.
Isolation and biosynthesis of an unsaturated fatty acid with unusual methylation pattern from a coral-associated bacterium Microbulbifer sp.
Authors: Sharma Amit Raj , Harunari Enjuro , Zhou Tao , Trianto Agus , Igarashi Yasuhiro
Published: September 2019

(2Z,4E)-3-Methyl-2,4-decadienoic acid (1) was identified as a major metabolite from a culture extract of a marine bacterium Microbulbifer which was collected from a stony coral Porites sp. NMR-based spectroscopic analysis revealed that 1 is an unsaturated fatty acid in which a methyl group is located in an uncommon position as a natural product. Feeding experiments of 13C-labeled precursors clarified that ʟ-methionine-derived methylation takes place at the carbon which is derived from the carbonyl carbon of acetate. Compound 1 showed weak growth inhibition against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
DOES CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AFFECT EARNINGS MANAGEMENT? EVIDENCE FROM THE INDONESIAN BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors: Setiawan Doddy , Prabowo Ronny , Arnita Vina , Wibawa Anas
Published: September 2019

This paper aims at examining the effect of corporate social responsibility on earnings management in the Indonesian banking industry. Using Indonesian publicly listed banking firms in the years of 2013–2015 as the sample, we generate 94 firm-year observations as the final sample. The results show that corporate social responsibility positively affects earnings management, suggesting that the higher the corporate social responsibility score, the greater earnings management. Further, the study investigates the effects of corporate social responsibility on absolute earnings management, positive earnings management, and negative earnings management. The results robustly demonstrate the positive effects of corporate social responsibility on earnings management. Thus, this study implies that investors need to be cautious of banks that engage in higher corporate social responsibility because they are more likely to exhibit greater earnings management. While most of the previous studies in this issue focus on developed countries as their research settings, this study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between corporate social responsibility in Indonesia as an emerging market.
Abnormal QTc Syndrome in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic review of Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Chastain Daniel B , Veve Michael P , Wagner Jamie L
Published: September 2019

Background

The purpose of this review is to critically analyse data regarding the prevalence and risk factors for developing a prolonged QTc interval and subsequent sudden cardiac death (SCD) in persons living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods

A systematic literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar databases was performed using the following search terms: ‘HIV and prolonged QTc’ and ‘managing HIV-patients with prolonged QTc’. References within articles of interest were also evaluated.

Results/Discussion

PLWH are at an increased risk of having a prolonged QTc interval. Some risk factors for this include the virus itself, concomitant medications, comorbid conditions, addictions and electrolyte disturbances. PLWH who have an increased HIV RNA viral load or decreased CD4+ T-cell count are at further risk for progressing to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Many medications commonly prescribed in the PLWH population, such as antiretrovirals and antimicrobials used in opportunistic infection prophylaxis, have also been shown to promote QTc prolongation through inhibition of human ether-a-go-go potassium channels or through drug metabolism inhibition of other QTc prolonging drugs.

Conclusions

Due to the high number of risk factors associated with QTc prolongation, clinicians should incorporate baseline and routine ECG monitoring for PLWH to potentially lower the increased risk of SCD in PLWH.
Editorial
Authors: Fernandes Valdir
Published: September 2019

Editorial v. 10, n. 2
Análise do potencial didático do livro de ficção científica no ensino de ciências
Authors: Borim Danielle Cristina Duque Estrada , Rocha Marcelo Borges
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho trata-se da análise do potencial didático de uma obra literária de ficção científica no Ensino de Ciências, dando ênfase a Educação Ambiental. Foi desenvolvida uma sequência metodológica, voltada para alunos do Ensino Médio, além da aplicação de questionários antes e após as atividades. Utilizando-se da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977), os dados foram analisados e discutidos, buscando avaliar as potencialidades didáticas dos trechos do livro. Nos resultados observamos que: 65% dos alunos conseguiram identificar nos trechos do livro as problemáticas ambientais, as quais foram debatidas no fórum ambiental desenvolvido; mais de 80% dos alunos visualizaram que estes problemas ambientais estão presentes no seu cotidiano, dando possíveis soluções aos mesmos; mais de 60% dos alunos gostariam que uma obra de ficção científica estivesse presente em outras aulas de Biologia. Logo, consideramos que a pesquisa contribuiu para as discussões acerca do uso da ficção científica no âmbito escolar.
Enfoque CTSA em materiais instrucionais produzido por professores de química
Authors: Akahoshi Luciane Hiromi , Souza Fabio Luiz , Ribeiro Marcondes Maria Eunice
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar materiais instrucionais produzidos por professores de química, em uma ação de formação continuada cujo foco foi a contextualização no ensino, numa perspectiva CTSA. Foram analisadas três produções (chamadas unidades didáticas) elaboradas por 12 professores, abordando temáticas relativas a "combustíveis". Os materiais foram analisados segundo cinco perspectivas de contextualização: exemplificação de conceitos com fatos do cotidiano, descrição científica de fatos e processos, problematização da realidade social, compreensão da realidade social e transformação da realidade social. Analisou-se, ainda, o potencial dessas unidades para desenvolver atitudes cidadãs. As três unidades analisadas foram classificadas como descrição científica de fatos e processos, pois enfatizaram principalmente conteúdos científicos. Conhecimentos sobre tecnologia foram os menos abordados, estando ausentes em duas unidades. Apesar disso, percebe-se avanços, pois os materiais apresentaram alguns textos que abordavam aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais.
Horta escolar: ampliando o contexto das questões sociocientíficas nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Oliveira Denise Ana Augusta dos Santos , Messeder Jorge Cardoso
Published: September 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa de mestrado profissional, de abordagem metodológica qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa, com observação participante desenvolvida com 24 crianças do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola municipal. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar quais as contribuições que o contexto envolvendo a horta escolar fornece às discussões sociocientíficas na fase em que a criança aprende a ler e escrever. Inicialmente são apresentadas as discussões teóricas que embasam este estudo. O desenvolvimento das atividades foi orientado por sequências didáticas que contemplam o protagonismo infantil e por rodas de conversa. Os resultados indicam que as crianças possuem olhar atento e crítico às questões sociais que se relacionam ao desenvolvimento da ciência e da tecnologia e que o trabalho do professor deve inserir a criança nos processos decisórios, compartilhando as responsabilidades e exercendo a formação para a cidadania.
Estudo das propriedades elétricas e magnéticas de filmes finos supercondutores do sistema BSCCO tratados termicamente em um forno de microondas
Authors: Freitas Gustavo Quereza , Moreto Jéferson Aparecido , Cena Cícero Rafel , Torsoni Guilherme Botega , Carvalho Cláudio Luiz
Published: September 2019

O entendimento e o controle da formação da fase supercondutora em supercondutores com alta temperatura crítica (Tc) é um fator de extrema importância para a obtenção das propriedades elétricas e magnéticas. Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades supercondutoras exibidas por uma junção Josephson construída em filmes finos supercondutores do sistema BSCCO tratados termicamente em um forno de microondas. Os resultados mostram, para as medidas, nas quais foi aplicado o campo magnético, que quanto maior a intensidade do campo magnético aplicado maior será o alargamento nas curvas R x T. Já para as curvas características (VxI), quanto maior o campo magnético aplicado menor o excesso de corrente a zero voltagem. Com as medidas elétricas foi possível observar a transição supercondutora e investigar o valor da temperatura crítica.
Análise quantitativa de tensões em amostras fotoelásticas por meio de fotoelasticidade
Authors: Da Silva Sidney Leal , De Jesus Mateus Aquino , Da Silva Charles Rodrigues , Toffoli Daniel José , Camargo Uinguiston Nunes
Published: September 2019

A Fotoelasticidade é uma ferramenta eficiente para determinação de tensões no interior de materiais fotoelásticos. Esses materiais apresentam a propriedade da birrefringência quando submetidos a esforços externos, devido às alterações nos estados de polarizações da luz transmitida através de sua estrutura. A partir de um polariscópio linear de transmissão é possível obter imagens coloridas de franjas que são utilizadas para encontrar as diferenças de tensões por meio de análise com o método de fotoelasticidade RGB. O objetivo desse trabalho é determinar as distribuições dessas diferenças de tensões em duas franjas consecutivas de imagens monocromáticas produzidas com auxílio de um filtro de cor verde em amostras fotoelásticas: pura e com um parafuso metálico inserido na estrutura. Os resultados apontam a possibilidade de uma análise quantitativa no estudo das propriedades dos materiais por método óptico não destrutivo.
Dependência da refração óptica não linear de origem térmica em nanofluidos de prata com a frequência da excitação óptica
Authors: Lopes Cristiano Santos , Lenart Vinicius Mariani , Turchiello Rozane De Fátima , Gómez Sergio Leonardo
Published: September 2019

Coloides de nanopartículas de metais nobres e as suas propriedades físicas encontramaplicações práticas em numerosos campos, que vão da física à medicina, passando pelaengenharia. Embora a sua síntese seja relativamente conhecida, as suas propriedadesdecorrentes da grande razão superfície/volume ainda apresentam desafios. Apresenta-se,neste artigo, um estudo experimental da dependência do índice de refração não linear n2de origem térmica de um coloide aquoso de nanopartículas de Ag com a frequência doobturador mecânico utilizado para gerar pulsos a partir de um feixe de luz laser continuo.O estudo foi feito empregando a técnica de Z-scan resolvida no tempo e mostra que umaumento da frequência leva a um aumento no valor de módulo de n2, e um possívelmecanismo é discutido.
Apicultura, desenvolvimento econômico e desenvolvimento rural em evidência
Authors: Catapan Anderson , Oliveira Antonio Gonçalves de
Published: September 2019

Este editorial apresenta os artigos do segundo número do oitavo volume da Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento (RBPD). Este número trouxe contribuições para o planejamento e desenvolvimento, assim como em números anteriores e já de praxe deste periódico, de professores do Brasil.
Para além da participação institucionalizada: atuação da sociedade na política de ciência e tecnologia do Tocantins
Authors: Santos Jeany Castro dos , Silva Fernanda Rodrigues da , Rodrigues Waldecy , Cançado Airton Cardoso
Published: September 2019

Este artigo teve como objetivo geral apresentar o processo de participação direta dos atores locais que se organizaram em rede para controlar as ações do Estado no âmbito da Política de Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Tocantins. Como objetivos específicos delinearam-se os seguintes: i) analisar como decorreu a sistematização deliberativa das ações realizadas pela rede; ii) discutir os itens da carta de reivindicações e iii) interrelacionar o contexto de participação da rede com os trabalhos que precederam ao presente artigo. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foi pesquisa documental, entrevista semiestruturada, observação participante e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que a rede tinha como finalidade a busca da promoção do desenvolvimento do poder local no ciclo da Política de Ciência e Tecnologia, desta forma, foi possível inferir que o processo de participação comporta todos os canais (formais e informais).
Análise da produção tecnológica em biotecnologia industrial no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Florêncio Márcio Nannini , De Souza Abud Ana Karla , De Oliveira Junior Antonio Martins
Published: September 2019

Por várias décadas a biotecnologia industrial vem apresentando soluções e alternativas tecnológicas para promover energia mais limpa. Este artigo analisa a produção tecnológica em biotecnologia industrial no Brasil por meio de indicadores bibliométricos de patentes. Os dados foram coletados no banco de informações do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) por meio das patentes concedidas entre 2007 a 2016. Foi obtido um total de 324 documentos de patentes em biotecnologia industrial. Os resultados revelaram que a grande maioria das tecnologias patenteadas (88%) pertence aos titulares não residentes no Brasil. As diversas regiões do Brasil apresentaram uma ampla gama de biotecnologias para produção de biocombustíveis, com destaque para a Petrobras e a Unicamp com os maiores números de patentes.