bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Pediatrics: Synthetic Knowledge Synthesis
Authors: Završnik Jernej , Kokol Peter , Žlahtič Bojan , Vošner Helena Blažun
Published: January 2024

Historically the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in paediatrics dates back to 1984 with the intro-duction of a computer-assisted medical decision-making system called SHELP. Since then, research on the use of AI in pediatrics has become much more popular, and the number of reviewed publications largely increased. Consequently, a need for a holistic research landscape enabling researchers and other interested parties to gain insights into, deepen their knowledge about or inform them about the use of AI in pediatrics arised. To fill this gap a novel methodology named synthetic knowledge synthesis was applied. Using SKS we identified most prolific countries, in-stitutions, source titles, funding agencies, research themes, research gaps and hot spots.
Hybrid-electric Vehicle Powertrain Mounting System Optimization Based on Cross-industry Standard Process for Data Mining
Authors: Wu Yudong , Zhao Dandan , Peng Jingyuan , Xiang Xingyu , Huang Haibo
Published: January 2024

The meticulously engineered powertrain mounting system of hybrid-electric vehicles plays a critical role in minimizing vehicle vibrations and noise, thereby enhancing the longevity of vital powertrain components. However, developing and designing such a system demands substantial time and financial investments due to intricate analysis and modeling requirements. To tackle this challenge, this study integrates data-mining technology into the design and optimization processes of the powertrain mount system. The research focuses on the powertrain mounting system of a transverse four-cylinder hybrid-electric vehicle, employing the CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) methodology to establish a data-mining prediction model for mounting stiffness. This model utilizes three data mining algorithms—Multi-SVR, MRTs, and MLPR—assessing their predictive accuracy concerning mounting system stiffness estimation. A comparative analysis reveals that the MRTs algorithm outperforms others as the most effective prediction model. The proposed predictive model elucidates the quantifiable correlation between vibration isolation performance and installation stiffness, overcoming complexities associated with traditional modeling approaches. Applying this model in powertrain mounting system design showcases the efficacy of the CRISP-DM-based approach, significantly enhancing design efficiency without compromising prediction accuracy.
Benzalkonium Chloride Poisoning in Pediatric Patients: Report of Case with a Severe Clinical Course and Literature Review
Authors: Nițescu Viorela , Lescaie Andreea , Boghițoiu Dora , Ulmeanu Coriolan
Published: January 2024

The use of disinfectants, particularly those containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QUACs), has dramatically escalated globally since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We report a case that highlights the risks associated with the ingestion of a low-concentration QUACs solution and emphasizes the importance of effective management in resolving severe lesions without sequelae. A 17-month-old boy experienced severe respiratory failure after ingesting a disinfectant containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC). The child was initially treated in a local emergency department and was subsequently transferred to a pediatric poison center. Upon evaluation, the child was found to have grade III-A corrosive esophageal lesions and chemical pneumonitis. Several complications, including massive pneumothorax and candidemia, occurred during the clinical course of the disease. However, with timely medical intervention and appropriate supportive care, the patient completely recovered without any long-term sequelae. The properties of BAC and a comprehensive management approach may have been responsible for the patient's full recovery despite the potential life-threatening effects of the ingestion of disinfectants.
Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induces Osteoblast Cytotoxicity through Alterations in the Oxidant-Antioxidant System
Authors: Chengizkhan Gautham , Mohan Manju , Mohammed Rafi Shabana Thabassum , Muthusami Sridhar , Ramalingam Satish , Queimado Lurdes , Kumaran R. Ileng , Narasimhan Srinivasan , Ramachandran Ilangovan
Published: January 2024

Humans are often exposed to various environmental contaminants, among which phthalates are prevalent due to their extensive use as plasticizers in various consumer goods. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used phthalate, is recognized as an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC). DEHP is reported to affect various organs. Few studies have addressed the effects of phthalates on bone. However, the effects of DEHP on the bone forming cells (osteoblasts) are obscure. The present study was peformed to determine the cytotoxic effects of DEHP on human osteoblasts in vitro and to delineate the mechansims. In this study, we exposed the human osteo-blastic cell line MG-63 to various concentrations of DEHP (1, 25, 50 and 100 µM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Total RNA and protein were collected after 48 h treatment with 1 and 100 µM DEHP and determined for the mRNA and/or protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sex steroid receptors (androgen and estrogen receptors), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). The mRNA expression was stud-ied by real-time RT-PCR analysis and the protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Statistical analyses were done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Students–Newman–Keuls (SNK) test. The exposure of MG-63 cells to DEHP caused a signifi-cant decrease in osteoblast viability in all the treatment groups and at all the time points stud-ied. Interestingly, DEHP exposure decreased the mRNA expression of ALP, a bone formation marker. DEHP had differential effects on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA and protein ex-pression. However, DEHP treatment downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of ERβ, and androgen receptor (AR). Surprisingly, DEHP downregulated the RANKL mRNA expression. DEHP decreased the protein expression of RUNX2, the key transcription factor and master regu-lator of bone formation. Furthermore, DEHP increased the PPARα protein expression in the os-teoblasts. Importantly, DEHP increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules and thus oxidative stress in osteoblasts, as observed by increased hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical levels and lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, it decreased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione. Our study demonstrated that in vitro exposure to DEHP reduces the osteo-blast viability possibly through alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant system and modulation of the key genes involved in bone formation, highlighting the cytotoxic effects of DEHP on bone forming cells.
Optimal Design of a Novel Consequent-Pole Interior Permanent Magnet Motor with Flared-Structured Rotor
Authors: Yoon Keun-young , You Yong-min
Published: January 2024

Interior permanent magnets motors are widely used in applications requiring high power den-sity and high efficiency due to their high torque generating capabilities. Recently, given the re-cent price fluctuations and unstable supply of rare-earth permanent magnets, alternative config-urations with reduced use of permanent magnets are being sought. Among the various candi-dates related to this, the consequent-pole type rotor structure can halve the number of perma-nent magnets used compared with conventional structures. However, in the no-load analysis, the waveform of the back electromotive force becomes asymmetric, generating a harmonic component. As a result, there is a disadvantage that the torque ripple increases. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a novel rotor structure that applies a consequent-pole structure to an embedded permanent-magnet motor structure, wherein a number of permanent magnets are arranged in a flared structure to constitute a single polarity. In the proposed flared-structured magnet arrangement, it is possible to adjust the angle of the permanent magnet and the polar angle to mitigate the asymmetry of the back EMF waveform. The proposed struc-ture was optimized with a genetic algorithm and a prototype of the optimal model was con-structed and experimentally evaluated to verify its validity. Finally, the performance improve-ment and validity of the proposed structure were verified by comparing the analysis results of the optimal model with the experimental results.
Modification of Pore Wall Surface in Shs-Prepared Porous TiNi for Ophthalmic Orbital Implants
Authors: Anikeev Sergey G. , Hodorenko Valentina N. , Kaftaranova Maria I. , Shabalina Anastasiia V. , Artyukhova Nadezhda V. , Terletskaya Elena N. , Kulinich Sergei A. , Pakholkina Sofiya , Bolshevich Elena A. , Promakhov Vladimir , Gunther Victor E. , Medvedev Yuri A.
Published: January 2024

The study focuses on a novel porous TiNi-based material for ophthalmic orbital implants which was produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and, after proper surface modification, possesses a specific microstructure of its surface pores, which makes it attractive for biomedical use in implants. After preparation via SHS, the obtained porous TiNi material was etched in acidic environment, to get rid of its surface Ti2Ni secondary-phase particles. This was found to improve the material’s surface morphology, adding micro-roughness to its macro-rough pores. As a result, cell growth tests conducted on the material demonstrated improved cell adhesion and growth kinetics on such a porous material with improved roughness. Finally, the material was tested in vivo as an ophthalmic orbital implant, demonstrating good biocompatibility, good degree of biointegration with surrounding eyeball tissues, and no signs of rejection after as long as 180 days. Thus, the novel porous TiNi-based material shows promise for its use in ophthalmic implantology, for instanse for manufacturing musculoskeletal stumps of the eyeball after evisceration, as it is biocompatible, has a high tissue-implant integration potential and demonstrates reduced risks of exposure and rejection of the implant.
Seismic Resilience of Emergency Departments: A Case Study
Authors: Viti Stefania , Pianigiani Maria , Tanganelli Marco
Published: January 2024

In this work the seismic resilience of the Emergency Department of a real Hospital complex, located in Tuscany (Italy), has been quantified, with special reference to its nonstructural components and organizational features. Special attention has been paid to the ceilings, whose importance stood out in past earthquakes. A comprehensive meta-model has been set, able to relate all the considered parameters to the assumed response quantity, i.e. the waiting time of the red-code patients arriving to the Emergency Department in the hours immediately after the seismic event. The seismic resilience of the Emergency Department has been measured with reference to earthquakes compatible to the seismic hazard of the area.
Conofolidine, a Natural Plant Alkaloid Causes Apoptosis and Senescence in Cancer Cells
Authors: Al-Hayali Mohammed Zuhair , Nge Choy-Eng , Lim Kuan Hon , Collins Hilary M , Kam Toh Seok , Bradshaw Tracey Dawn
Published: January 2024

Natural products contribute substantially to anticancer therapy; the plant kingdom provides an important source of molecules. Conofolidine is a novel Aspidosperma-Aspidosperma bisindole alkaloid isolated from the Malayan plant Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Herein, we report conofolidine’s anticancer activity together with that of three other bisindoles - conophylline, leucophyllidine and bipleiophylline against human-derived carcinoma cell lines. Remarkably, conofolidine was able to induce apoptosis (as observed in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells) or senescence (as detected in HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells). Annexin V-FITC/PI, caspase activation and PARP cleavage confirmed the former while positive β-gal staining corroborated the latter. Evident cell cycle perturbations were observed comprising S-phase depletion, accompanied by downregulated CDK2, and cyclins (A2, D1) with p21 upregulation. Confocal imaging of HCT-116 cells revealed induction of aberrant mitotic phenotypes - multi-nucleation, membrane blebbing and DNA-fragmentation. The DNA integrity assessment of HCT-116 and MDA-MB-468 showed irreparable damage identified by increased fluorescent γ-H2AX during the G1 cell cycle phase. Furthermore, γ-H2AX foci were visually validated in HCT-116 and MDA-MB-468 cells using confocal microscopy. Conofolidine increased oxidative stress, preceding apoptosis- and senescence-induction in most carcinoma cell lines as seen by enhanced ROS levels accompanied by NQO1 expression. Collectively, we present conofolidine as a potential anticancer candidate capable of inducing heterogeneous modes of cancer cell death in vitro, encouraging further preclinical evaluation of this natural product.
Evaluation of Two-Assay Serological Testing Strategies For Anti-HCV Screening In Italian Populations: A Dual Screening Approach
Authors: Zocca Elena , Seraceni Silva , Cafaro Teresa , Cervone Tamara Emanuela , Cardarelli Laura , Valisi Massimiliano , Polidori Isabella , Pieri Massimo , Tomassetti Flaminia , Broccolo Francesco
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening mostly uses a one-assay anti-HCV testing approach, which has a higher probability of false-positive results in populations with low HCV prevalence. (2) Methods: In this investigation, 17,926 participants, were screened for HCV, and the reactives were tested using a two-assay anti-HCV approach: Elecsys ElectroChemiLuminescence (ECL) and a ChemiLuminescence ImmunoAssay (CLIA), respectively. A recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) was performed to confirm anti-HCV positivity. Statistical analysis was performed. (3) Results: A total of 350 specimens resulted reactive in the ECL screening, of which CLIA retesting showed that 292 (83.4%) were anti-HCV reactive (283 positive, 9 indeterminate, none negative by RIBA), but 58 (16.6%) were not anti-HCV reactive (15 positive, 12 indeterminate, 31 negative by RIBA). The two-assay strategy significantly improved the positive predictive value (PPV: 95.00%) with χ2: 7.59(p<0.01) then the PPV assessed by one assay (PPV: 90.6%) with χ2: 34.51 (p< 0.001). The ROC curve defined a sensibility and specificity for the dual approach of: 99.66% and 100.00%. (4) Conclusions: Compared with a one-assay testing strategy, the two-assay testing strategy may significantly reduce false positives in anti-HCV testing and identify inactive HCV infection in low seroprevalence populations.
Next Generation Sequencing Study of clonal Evolution in AML Shows Mutations in RAS-MAPK Signaling Pathway as an Emergent Mechanism of Progression in Low-Intensity Treatments
Authors: Jiménez-Vicente Carlos , Lopez-Guerra Monica , Pérez-Valencia Amanda Isabel , Munarriz Daniel , Guijarro Francesca , Castaño-Diez Sandra , Martinez-Roca Alexandra , Cortes-Bullich Albert , Cardus Aina , Esteban Daniel , Triguero Ana , Tovar Natalia , Hernandez Isabel , Colomer Dolors , Diaz-Beya Marina , Esteve Jordi
Published: January 2024

Understanding the evolution patterns in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after therapy is relevant due to the dismal outcome still present in refractory or relapsed AML patients. We performed a retrospective, single-center study to evaluate the mutation profile in paired samples obtained at the time of diagnosis and at the onset of progressive or refractory disease in patients diagnosed with AML through a commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. In total, 62 patients were analyzed. Of these, 28 patients received ICT, and 34 patients underwent low-intensity treatments. In LIT patients, there were emergent mutations at progressive disease in a 64% (22/34) of the patients. Emergent mutations in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway were observed in 35.9% (12/34) , corresponding to 54.5% of all patients with emergent mutations (12/22). These were found in 12/22 patients that received venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents. Six presented mutations in genes related to the RAS-MAPK pathway. Emerging mutations are frequently observed at progressive AML disease after therapy. In patients treated with LIT, mutations in RAS-MAPK signaling pathway might have a key role on the secondary clinical resistance, not only if they are present at diagnosis, becoming a potential target for the development of new drugs.
From Acute to Chronic: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Kidney Disease to Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Yeh Tzu-Hsuan , Tu Kuan-Chieh , Wang Hsien-Yi , Chen Jui-Yi
Published: January 2024

This article provides a thorough overview of biomarkers, pathophysiology, and molecular pathways involved in the transition from acute kidney injury (AKI), acute kidney disease (AKD) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). It categorizes the biomarkers of AKI into stress, damage, and functional markers, highlighting their importance in early detection, prognosis, and clinical application. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AKI, AKD, including renal hypoperfusion, sepsis, nephrotoxicity, and immune responses, with the impact on renal injury. In addition, various molecules play pivotal roles in inflammation and hypoxia, triggering maladaptive repair, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune system reactions, and cellular senescence of renal cell. Key signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-Catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, and Hippo/YAP/TAZ, promote fibrosis and impact renal function. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) triggers a cascade leading to renal fibrosis, with aldosterone exacerbating oxidative stress and cellular changes that promote fibrosis. Clinical evidence suggests RAS inhibitors may protect against CKD progression, especially post-AKI, though more extensive trials are needed to confirm their full impact.
Restorative Reproductive Medicine: An Emerging New Treatment Process and a Prerequisite to Assisted Reproductive Technology for Treatment of Infertility.
Authors: Boyle Phil C. , Toth Agnes , ONeill Linda , Turczynski Craig J.
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The use of IVF and related procedures has offered opportunities for couples to conceive who otherwise would remain childless. This technology is often viewed as the only option but is very expensive and not highly effective. ln an effort to improve access to care, governments are attempting to provide funding. In Ireland for example the Health Service Executive (HSE) has recently made IVF funding available through Regional Fertility Hubs. for couples who qualify. However, this policy has threatened a less invasive approach available in Ireland that can help many couples before IVF is employed. We propose that a newly emerging “medical treatment process” called Restorative Reproductive Medicine (RRM), combined with methods or apps that track biomarkers of the menstrual cycle as a prerequisite option for appropriate patients. To illustrate the effectiveness, we compared live birth rates from an established Irish RRM clinic that uses the ChartNeo app to HFEA (Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority) data, both from 2019. RRM treatment had a live birth rate of 40.4% compared to 24.4% per treatment cycle for IVF (P>0.0001). RRM twin pregnancy rate was 2.5% compared to 7% for IVF. RRM babies were usually full term and normal birth weight. Therefore, RRM is less expensive, less invasive, and more effective than IVF for most patients. This merits further evaluation and support by the HSE and other global authorities guiding health policy.
A Comparative Biochemical and Pathological Evaluation of Brain Samples from Knock-in Murine Models of Gaucher Disease
Authors: Furderer Makaila , Berhe Bahafta , Chen Tiffany Chunwei , Wincovitch Stephen , Jiang Xuntian , Tayebi Nahid , Sidransky Ellen , Han Tae-Un
Published: January 2024

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder stemming from biallelic mutations in GBA1, characterized by glucocerebrosidase dysfunction and glucocerebroside and glucosylsphingosine accumulation. Since phenotypes of murine models of GD often differ from those in patients, careful characterization of Gba1 mutant mice is necessary to establish their ability to model GD. We performed side-by-side comparative biochemical and pathologic analyses of four murine Gba1 models with genotypes L444P/L444P (p.L483P/p.L483P), L444P/null, D409H/D409H (p.D448H/p.D448H), and D409H/null, along with matched wildtype mice, all with the same genetic background and cage conditions. All mutant mice exhibited significantly lower glucocerebrosidase activity (p < 0.0001) and higher glucosylsphingosine levels than wildtype, with the lowest glucocerebrosidase and highest glucosylsphingosine levels in mice carrying a null allele. Although glucocerebrosidase activity in L444P and D409H mice was similar, D409H mice showed more lipid accumulation. No Gaucher or storage-like cells were detected in any of the Gba1 mutant mice. Quantification of neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neuronal loss, alpha-synuclein levels and motor behavior revealed no significant findings, even in aged animals. Thus, while the models may have utility for testing the effect of different therapies on enzymatic activity, they did not recapitulate the pathological phenotype of patients with GD, and better models are needed.
Repeatable Acoustic Vaporization of Coated Perfluorocarbon Bubbles for Micro-Actuation Inspired by Polypodium aureum
Authors: Jeong Se-Yun , Seo Han-Bok , Seo Myung-Hyun , Cho Jin-Woo , Kwon Seho , Son Gihun , Lee Seung-Yop
Published: January 2024

A fern, Polypodium aureum, possesses a specialized spore-releasing mechanism like a catapult induced by quick expansion of vaporized bubbles. This study introduces lipid-coated perfluorocarbon droplets to enable repeatable vaporization-condensation cycles, inspired by the repeatable vaporization of Polypodium aureum. Lipid-perfluorocarbon droplets have been considered not to exhibit repeatable oscillations due to bubble collapse by low surface tension of lipid layers. However, a single lipid-dodecafluoropentane droplet with a diameter of 9.17 µm shows expansion-contraction oscillations over 4,000 cycles by changing lipid composition and applying low power of 1.7 MHz ultrasound to induce partial vaporization of droplets. The optimal combinations of shell composition, droplet fabrication, and acoustic conditions can minimize damage on shell structure and quick recovery of damaged shell layers. The highly-expanding oscillatory microbubbles provide a new direction for fuel-free micro or nanobots as well as biomedical applications of contrast agents and drug delivery.
Sustainable Approach on the Metal Coin Cancelling Methods, Using 3D Modeling and FEM Analysis
Authors: Gavrilă Cornel Cătălin , Lateş Mihai Tiberiu , Grebenișan Gavril
Published: January 2024

Along time, many minted coins were withdrawn from circulation, being replaced with new ones. The returned obsolete metal coins were melted in order to sustainable reuse of the alloy for other purpose. Between the withdrawing and melting, some of the metal coins were cancelled by destruction of the original shape and dimension, using some adequate tools. In the first part, the paper is focused to present some aspects insight of the cancelling method used on the Romanian old nickel coins; also, there are presented some examples. The introductive part also includes the literature review in the field of coin manufacturing, covering the subjects as metal behavior under the striking load, aspects about the 3D modeling and FEM analysis or explaining some striking errors. Result the paper main purpose, to study the particularities of one or another cancelling method applied on subjected coins, which conducted to more or less valuable collection metal pieces. In the paper second part, is introduced the adequate 3D model, computed for the cancelling dies, respectively the coin. Then, there are introduced the assembled models, corresponding to each cancelling case, which consist by the obverse and reverse cancelling dies, having the coin inside them. For the each model, the finite element analysis is realized and is achieved for different initial conditions. The final part of the paper presents the analysis results and also the discussions and conclusions.
Defense Mechanism Against Attacks Promoting Spread Of Wrong Information
Authors: Mahmood Saba , Akif Farah , Ashraf Humaira , Jhanjhi NZ
Published: January 2024

The rise in dependency upon information present on web and social networks has increased the importance of content credibility systems. These sys- tems can help the users to make a right decision related to buying a product, utiliz- ing a service and etc. Application areas including social network blogs of different subjects such as health, food, education, politics and product review/ratings some- times suffer incredible and wrong information flow. The content credibility sys- tems can help users to identify the credible information on these various forums. Recently, researchers have proposed certain mechanisms for these systems, out of which reputation based systems have gained most attention. However, reputa- tion systems are vulnerable to reputation based attacks, like Sybil, Slandering, and Whitewash promoting spread of wrong information. The authors have proposed a defense mechanism against these attacks that is based upon Bayesian Model. The proposed defense mechanism provides protection against these attacks so that fake or wrong information could be prevented. The authors evaluated the proposed mechanism in three different scenarios and presented the results in terms of pre- cision, recall and rate of change in rank. The results reveal almost 88%prevention against these attacks in comparison to the baseline systems.
Rikkosan’s Short-term Analgesic Effect of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A single-arm cohort study
Authors: Itagaki Tatsuki , Nakamura Keisuke , Tanabe Tougo , Shimura Takumi , Nakai Yu , Sakata Ken-ichiro , Sato Jun , Kitagawa Yoshimasa
Published: January 2024

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain disorder. There is a theory that BMS is nociplastic pain. Standard treatment for BMS has not yet been established. Kampo medicine is a traditional oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is to validate the effectiveness of rikkosan—a traditional Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo)—in the treatment of BMS. The average effect of rikkosan was estimated to be a two-level reduction in NRS, and the sample size was designed with a standard deviation of 2.6, alpha error of 5%, and power of 90%. The required sample size was calculated as 20 people. A single-center retrospective study was conducted in 20 patients who were diagnosed with BMS and treated with rikkosan alone (7.5 g) three times daily. Patients were asked to evaluate their pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS) or a visual analogue scale (VAS) at the time of the initiation of rikkosan and at 1 month after. No side effects were observed in patients. NRS or VAS/10 scores decreased significantly between the time of the initiation of rikkosan (5.6 ± 2.5) and the one-month after (3.8 ± 2.2) (p < 0.05). Treatment with rikkosan was effective for BMS in the short term. Rikkosan has a short-term effect of reducing NRS by two levels in BMS patients.
Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach
Authors: Campbell Patrick O. , Bauro Temea , Rimon Erei , Timeon Eretii , Bland Caitlin , Ioteba Nabura , Douglas Nicholas M , Cunanan Arturo , Chambers Stephen T.
Published: January 2024

Kiribati is a Pacific Island nation with a widely dispersed population and one of the highest rates of leprosy worldwide. Single dose rifampicin post exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) of leprosy contacts has reduced new case detection rates in controlled trials. In 2018, a SDR-PEP programme was introduced in Kiribati that included screening and chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of leprosy cases both retrospectively (2010-2017) and prospectively (2018 onwards). We conducted a retrospective audit to determine comprehensiveness, timeliness and feasibility of the SDR-PEP programme. Overall, 13,643 household contacts were identified (9,791 in the retrospective and 3,850 in the prospective cohort). In the retrospective cohort, 1,044 (11%) contacts were absent, 403 (4%) were ineligible for SDR and 42 new cases were detected (0.4%) Overall SDR coverage was 84.7%. In the prospective cohort, 164 (4%) contacts were absent, 251 (7%) were ineligible for SDR and 23 new cases were diagnosed (0.6%). Overall, SDR coverage was 88.1%. Across both cohorts, there were a total of 23 SDR refusals. The median time to SDR ad-ministration was 220 days (IQR 162-468) and 120 days (IQR 36-283) for the retrospective and prospective cohorts respectively. SDR was readily accepted in both cohorts. The new case detec-tion rate (0.5%) is consistent with that seen in other studies. Overall SDR coverage in both the retrospective and prospective phases met programmatic expectations.
Dinamika Kelompok Tani di Desa Gendayakan Kecamatan Paranggupito Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Faizati Aulia Rahma , Widiyanti Emi , Permatasari Putri
Published: January 2024

Group dynamics is a process and interaction that aims to improve the achievement of the group’s goals. This study aimed to assess the level of farmer group dynamics in Gendayakan Village, Paranggupito Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency. The basic research method used in this research is quantitative with survey techniques. The research location was selected purposively in Gendayakan Village, Panggupito Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency. Sampling using a proportional random sampling technique by taking 63 farmer group members as respondents. Descriptive analysis to provide an overview of the level of farmer group dynamics was carried out using an ordinal scale as a reference for measuring the level of group dynamics. The results of this study indicated that the level of farmer group dynamics in Gendayakan Village is classified in the moderately dynamic category, indicating that the elements of farmer group dynamics in Gendayakan Village are quite well run. However, it is expected to maintain group dynamics and interaction between fellow members and carry out group activities to achieve group goals.
Sikap Pekebun terhadap Pruning Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas di Langkat, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Arman Iman , Siregar Ameilia Zuliyanti , Rahman Abrur
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the attitude of smallholders towards the pruning process in oil palm plants in the Babalan Sub-district and to analyze the significance of the relationship between various factors and the attitude of farmers towards pruning in oil palm plants in the region. The research took place in Babalan Sub-district, Langkat Regency, from April to June 2022. The method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The total population of farmers involved in this study is 307 people who are working on oil palm plantations. They come from 2 villages, including South and North Securai Village. In South Securai, there are 5 farmer groups: Giat, Tani Jaya, Saolohan, Tani Jaya 1 and Tekun. In North Securai, there are 2 farmer groups: Bina Tani and Tuah Johor. This research instrument uses the Likert and Spearman Rank correlation scales for questionnaire data collection. The research found that 78.7% of smallholders had prejudices toward oil palm trimming. While the value of t-count > t-table as a result of the correlation of Spearman Rank states that between the age factor (t-count 2.159 > t-table 1.993), land area (t-count 3.078 > t-table 2.644) and the role of extension workers (t-count 5.626 > t-table 2.644) to the level of attitude of smallholders has a significant relationship. The implications of age, land area and the role of extension workers from the attitude of smallholders determine that oil palm pruning increases sustainable palm oil productivity.
Pengaruh Modal Sosial dan Kelembagaan terhadap Kinerja Usaha Tani Kapulaga di Lahan Perhutani Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Fatiah Yuli , Wijayanti Irene Kartika , Putri Dindy Darmawati
Published: January 2024

Central Java is the second largest cardamom-producing province in Indonesia, with a total cardamom production of 9,814.4 kg in 2020. However, cardamom cultivation by farmers is less effective and is left without processing after harvesting. Such conditions cause cardamom yields to be not optimal in terms of quality and quantity. Institutions that run well are also predicted to be able to improve farm performance. The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) the characteristics of social and institutional capital of cardamom farmers in the perhutani land in Banyumas Regency; (2) the direct influence of social and institutional capital on the performance of cardamom farmers' farming in perhutani lands in Banyumas Regency; and (3) knowing whether the institutional variable is a moderating variable in the direct relationship between social capital and the performance of cardamom farming in perhutani land, Banyumas Regency. Data analysis was carried out by calculating productivity, profit, and feasibility to estimate the performance of cardamom farming in the forest area of Banyumas Regency. To determine whether social and institutional capital affects the performance of cardamom farming in perhutani land, Banyumas Regency, measured using Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of social and institutional capital in the research location, on average, had a high category. Cardamom farming has been profitable and feasible to be developed. SEM-PLS analysis shows that the most dominant indicator measuring social capital is trust, while the most prevalent indicator measuring institutional is cultural values. Furthermore, social and institutional capital directly affect the performance of cardamom farming, but institutions cannot be a moderating variable of the social capital variable on farming performance.
Adam Smith’te Etik –İktisat İlişkisi Ya Da Adam Smith’in İktisadî Liberalizminin Etik Temelleri
Authors: AKDEMİR Ferhat
Published: January 2024

Öz: Hiç kuşkusuz Adam Smith önemli bir iktisat teorisyenidir ve literatürde genellikle iktisadi liberalizmin öncü ve kurucu ismi olarak anılır. Lakin o sadece bir iktisatçı değil, aynı zamanda bütünlüklü bir sosyal teorisyendir. Dolayısıyla onun iktisat teorisinin etik bir temele dayandığı yadsınamaz. Ne var ki, hayatta iken yayımladığı iki önemli eseri Ahlaki Duygular Kuramı ve Milletlerin Zenginliği’nde birbiriyle çelişen iki farklı insan doğası tasarımı geliştirdiği, bu nedenle sosyal teorisinde bir tutarsızlığa düştüğü sıklıkla ifade edilir. İddiaya göre Ahlakî Duygular Kuramı’nda sempati üzerine kurulu bir etik sistem inşa etmeyi amaçlarken, Milletlerin Zenginliği’nde iktisadi sistemini kişisel çıkarının peşinde koşan bencil insan tasarımı üzerine geliştirir. Bu ise Smith’in sisteminde bir çelişkiye düştüğünün açık bir ifadesi olarak yorumlanmaktadır. İşte bu makalenin konusu literatürde ‘Adam Smith Problemi’ olarak anılan bu sorunu çözümlemektir. Bu bağlamda ilkin filozofumuzun sempati üzerine kurulu etik tasarımı ardından kişisel çıkar üzerine inşâ ettiği iddia edilen politik-iktisadi sistemi incelenecek, daha sonrasında ileri sürülen tutarsızlık iddiası farklı perspektiflerden irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
The Relative Efficacy of Available Proteasome Inhibitors in Preventing Muscle Contractures Following Neonatal Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Das Indranshu , Shay-Winkler Kritton , Emmert Marianne E. , Goh Qingnian , Cornwall Roger
Published: January 2024

Background:

Contractures following neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) are associated with growth deficits in denervated muscles. This impairment is mediated by an increase in muscle protein degradation, as contractures can be prevented in an NBPI mouse model with bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor (PI). However, BTZ treatment causes substantial toxicity (0% to 80% mortality). The current study tested the hypothesis that newer-generation PIs can prevent contractures with less severe toxicity than BTZ.

Methods:

Unilateral brachial plexus injuries were surgically created in postnatal (5-day-old) mice. Following NBPI, mice were treated with either saline solution or various doses of 1 of 3 different PIs: ixazomib (IXZ), carfilzomib (CFZ), or marizomib (MRZ). Four weeks post-NBPI, mice were assessed for bilateral passive range of motion at the shoulder and elbow joints, with blinding to the treatment group, through an established digital photography technique to determine contracture severity. Drug toxicity was assessed with survival curves.

Results:

All PIs prevented contractures at both the elbow and shoulder (p < 0.05 versus saline solution controls), with the exception of IXZ, which did not prevent shoulder contractures. However, their efficacies and toxicity profiles differed. At lower doses, CFZ was limited by toxicity (30% to 40% mortality), whereas MRZ was limited by efficacy. At higher doses, CFZ was limited by loss of efficacy, MRZ was limited by toxicity (50% to 60% mortality), and IXZ was limited by toxicity (80% to 100% mortality) and loss of efficacy. Comparisons of the data on these drugs as well as data on BTZ generated in prior studies revealed BTZ to be optimal for preventing contractures, although it, too, was limited by toxicity.

Conclusions:

All of the tested second-generation PIs were able to reduce NBPI-induced contractures, offering further proof of concept for a regulatory role of the proteasome in contracture formation. However, the narrow dose ranges of efficacy for all PIs highlight the necessity of precise proteasome regulation for preventing contractures. Finally, the substantial toxicity stemming from proteasome inhibition underscores the importance of identifying muscle-targeted strategies to suppress protein degradation and prevent contractures safely.

Clinical Relevance:

Although PIs offer unique opportunities to establish critical mechanistic insights into contracture pathophysiology, their clinical use is contraindicated in patients with NPBI at this time.
Jáuregui o la voluntad imperfectiva de perfección: las variantes de autor en La Farsalia (1640)
Authors: Rico García José Manuel
Published: January 2024

La versión en octavas reales de La Farsalia de Lucano que realizó Juan de Jáuregui (1583-1641) se ha transmitido gracias a dos testimonios principales que permiten abordar las principales cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas que atañen a la filología de autor. Uno es el manuscrito autógrafo BNE 3707, que contiene innumerables enmiendas de Jáuregui; otro, la edición príncipe, publicada en Madrid en 1684. A partir de las particularidades externas e internas de ambos testimonios y de su análisis textual, se plantea una hipótesis sobre el dilatado proceso compositivo de la obra.
Variantes de autor y tradiciones exclusivamente impresas: unas calas en la épica culta
Authors: Pintacuda Paolo
Published: January 2024

Aunque podría resultar sorprendente, en el ámbito de la épica hispánica del Siglo de Oro tradiciones exclusivamente impresas se revelan asaz productivas en lo tocante a las variantes de autor. El artículo ahonda sobre este particular, ofreciendo un repertorio útil de casos significativos, si no emblemáticos, y destacando las preocupaciones textuales de los autores, quienes intervienen en su obra, retocándola y corrigiéndola a última hora, o bien revisándola y modificándola a lo largo de años, con un afán superior al del libro de poesía ‘tradicional’, concebido como colección de diversas rimas
A Case Report of Extensive Facial Primitive Myxoid Mesenchymal Tumor of Infancy
Authors: Briones Ma. Cristina , Domingo Jeffrey
Published: January 2024

We report a case of a 14-month-old female presenting with a one-year history of rapidly enlarging left hemifacial mass with recurrence despite excision. The tumor consists of bland round to short spindle cells in a myxoid stroma with positive expression to vimentin, CD99, SATB2, cyclin D1 and BCOR, compatible with a sarcoma with BCOR genetic alteration. Next-generation sequencing was performed that detected a BCOR internal tandem duplication, confirming the diagnosis of a primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy (PMMTI). This report highlights the importance of attention to histopathologic characteristics, prudent application of immunohistochemical stains and molecular studies in differentiating PMMTI from other soft tissue sarcomas.
CADASTRO AMBIENTAL RURAL NO SUL DO AMAZONAS: UMA POLÍTICA DE CONSERVAÇÃO OU A EXPANSÃO DA FRONTEIRA AGRÍCOLA?
Authors: Mendonça Beleza Rakcelainy , Lessa de Souza Aline , Alves de Araújo Filho Daniel , Vidal da Silva Viviane , Lucas Maciel Leal Matheus
Published: January 2024

O cadastro ambiental rural (CAR) foi implementado em 2012, como parte de uma política de conservação ambiental em todo país. Contraditoriamente, dada a sobreposição das áreas declaradas em áreas protegidas, sugere-se que este cadastro está possibilitando a apropriação e degradação da natureza. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as áreas sobrepostas e como essa política tem possibilitado a expansão da fronteira no sul do Amazonas. As análises foram realizadas, em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica, a partir de dados espaciais das áreas protegidas e das áreas declaradas no cadastro. O estudo indicou que das oito Unidades de Conservação, apenas uma não possui sobreposição, e as vinte duas Terras Indígenas têm sobreposição do Cadastro Ambiental Rural, indicando que tal política, ainda que seja autodeclatória e que esteja em processo de análise, pode facilitar a expansão da fronteira agrícola.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR EM RONDÔNIA: PRODUÇÃO E CIRCULAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Santos Tiago Roberto
Published: January 2024

O contexto envolvendo a formação socioespacial de Rondônia, resultante sobretudo das políticas de expansão sobre a Amazônia, sob o pretexto de integração regional às demais regiões do país, impulsionaram os fluxos migratórios de agricultores familiares de diversos lugares do país, em busca de serem assentados. Como resultado dos projetos de colonização implantados em Rondônia, há o predomínio da agricultura familiar como ocupante do campo rondoniense e importante agente produtor do espaço regional. Tomando por base este contexto, buscamos, neste trabalho, evidenciar a atuação da agricultura familiar rondoniense no desenvolvimento socioeconômico, através da sua cultura, que resulta na organização de circuitos espaciais de produção, para atendimento das demandas do mercado, sobretudo em quatro produtos principais: café, mandioca, leite e carne. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de levantamento de dados secundários, além de levantamento bibliográfico sobre a temática. Como resultado, o que se tem é que, apesar da formação de uma psicosfera do agronegócio em Rondônia, a agricultura familiar se destaca como importante produtora de alimentos que fomentam a formação de circuitos espaciais de produção e a valorização regional.
A AMAZÔNIA NO CONTEXTO DA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR, UMA DISCUSSÃO NECESSÁRIA A PARTIR DA PERCEPÇÃO DISCENTE
Authors: Maria da Silva Renata
Published: January 2024

Ao longo de décadas a Amazônia enfrenta formas variadas de saques, violações e espoliação, fenômenos que se intensificaram com o avanço do capital. Mediante a lógica capitalista, é vista apenas como recurso e fonte inesgotável de riquezas. Suas particularidades e sua sociobiodiversidade são desconsideradas e, muitas vezes, negadas. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como exploratória, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, os procedimentos utilizados consistiram em levantamento e análise bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como os estudantes do 8º do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública, localizada no norte do estado de Mato Grosso, percebem a Amazônia no contexto da Geografia Escolar. Parte dos resultados revelou que a maioria dos participantes identifica a Amazônia como uma “floresta”, habitada apenas por “índios e animais”, cuja manutenção é muito importante para a produção de oxigênio. Sobre a localização, muitos discentes responderam que a Amazônia fica no estado do Amazonas, portanto, não se identificam como amazônida. A situação é preocupante, pois esses alunos desconhecem a temática proposta e ocorre uma negativa voluntária ou involuntária da Amazônia em suas vidas, fato que pode colaborar para o descaso, a desconsideração e o desinteresse da sociedade no tocante à realidade socioambiental da maior floresta tropical do planeta.
NOVAS TERRITORIALIZAÇÕES DA FRONTEIRA ECONÔMICA AMAZÔNICA: O EIXO DA TRANSAMAZÔNICA DE LÁBREA A APUÍ – O AGRONEGÓCIO, CONFLITOS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Da Silva Silvio Simione , Maciel de Araújo João , Vieira da Silva Rita Clara
Published: January 2024

Este artigo traz um estudo sobre as novas feições territoriais da fronteira econômica da Amazônia Sul-ocidental, tendo como base a questão da expansão do agronegócio de grãos e seus impactos sobre outras formas de produção existentes, tal como sobre a floresta. Teve-se como recorte espacial o eixo da Rodovia Transamazônica entre as cidades de Lábrea e Apuí, no estado do Amazonas. Para isto desenvolveu-se estudos baseados em referenciais bibliográficas, relatórios técnicos, informações jornalísticas sobre a região e, uma atividade de campo, na região referida, com observações sistemáticas in loco. Pode-se então, entender que a expansão do agronegócio na região reflete aspectos da reterritorialização do capitalismo agrário, na atualidade, da sua rearticulação na Amazônia Sul-ocidental.  Neste processo, o que ocorre na região de estudo reflete a recolocação espacial de agentes da fronteira provindos desde o Mato Grosso, passando por Rondônia Acre e sul do estado do Amazonas, onde o agronegócio de grãos se expande por terras que antes estavam ocupadas por atividades como a pecuária bovina e agricultura familiar. Por consequência desta perda de espaço para estas atividades, esses criadores de gado e agricultores familiares passaram a procurar outras áreas, sobretudo, mais distantes e/ou florestais que oferecem grandes possibilidades de serem incorporadas ao espaço produtivo, mesmo que necessite de desmatamento para a prática de atividades agropecuárias e agricultura de subsistência. Em tudo isto, viu-se ocorrer grandes expressões dos impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos, junto ao aumento de indícios de conflitos sociais, no conjunto desta nova territorialização do capitalismo agrário na região.
A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR COMO PROTAGONISTA NA PRODUÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS EM RONDÔNIA
Authors: Garcia e Silva Wesley Henrique , Costa Silva Ricardo Gilson da
Published: January 2024

Em face dos novos modelos produtivos no campo, esta pesquisa trata da Agricultura Familiar como protagonista na produção de alimentos em Rondônia. Como questionamento que norteia o estudo, faz-se a seguinte indagação: quais são as contribuições da Agricultura Familiar, na produção de alimentos? Diante dessa pergunta, tem-se como objetivo geral compreender como a agricultura familiar de Rondônia tem contribuído para a produção de alimentos que abastece a mesa da população. Justifica-se esse estudo por reforçar a participação da agricultura familiar na construção de uma alimentação saudável oferecida à população, mesmo diante dos desafios enfrentados. Como procedimento metodológico, dividiu-se a pesquisa em três etapas: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental no Censo Agropecuário de 2017 e trabalho de campo em Rondônia. Os resultados mostraram que a Agricultura familiar contribui expressivamente na produção de alimentos, como frutas, café, queijo, mandioca e farinha de mandioca, leite, dentre outros. A pesquisa também revelou que essa categoria possui uma produção diversificada e plural de alimentos, mesmo diante dos desafios enfrentados no campo rondoniense.