bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primer balance del nuevo recurso de casación contencioso-administrativo
Authors: RAZQUIN LIZARRAGA José Antonio
Published: March 2021

LABURPENA: 7/2015 Lege Organikoak administrazioarekiko auzi- eta kasazioerrekurtso berria ezarri zuen. Bada, ezarpen horren lehenengo balantzea jorratzen da lan honetan, indarrean jarri eta urtebetera bitartekoa. Auzitegi Gorenak lehen urtean egindako doktrina aztertzen da, bai kasazio estatal berria interpretatzeko eta ezartzeko gidalerroak finkatzen dituelako, erreformak planteatutako zalantzei eta galderei erantzute aldera, bai errekurtsoa onartzeari buruzkoa, eta, batez ere, jurisprudentzia sortzeko kasazio-interes objektiboari buruzkoa delako, Onarpen Sekzioari dagokionez. Era berean, kasazio-errekurtso autonomikoaren ezarpenean dauden zailtasunak aztertzen dira.

RESUMEN: Este trabajo aborda un primer balance de la implantación del nuevo recurso de casación contencioso-administrativo introducido por la Ley Orgánica 7/2015 al año de su entrada en vigor. Se analiza la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo en el primer año, que fija pautas para la interpretación y aplicación de la nueva casación estatal en respuesta a las dudas y cuestiones planteadas por la reforma y gira en torno a la admisión del recurso y primordialmente sobre el interés casacional objetivo para la formación de jurisprudencia, de apreciación discrecional por la Sección de Admisión. Y también se examinan las dificultades existentes en la implantación del recurso de casación autonómico.

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with an initial assessment of the implementation of the new cassation appeal introduced by Organic Law 7/2015 at the year of entry into force. It analyzes the doctrine of the Supreme Court in the first year, which sets guidelines for the interpretation and application of the new cassation system in response to the doubts and questions raised by the reform and revolves around the admission of the resource and primarily on the cassational objective interest for the formation of case-law, of discretionary appreciation by the Admission Section. And it also examines the difficulties in the implementation of the regional cassation appeal.
Information Literacy Skills of Management Sciences’ Students
Authors: Rafique Ghulam Murtaza , Khan Hina Asif
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the information literacy (IL) skills of Management Sciences students. A questionnaire was adopted to collect data from 254 currently enrolled graduate and undergraduate students of two universities, one public sector and one private sector, situated in Lahore, Pakistan. An equal-sized stratified random sampling technique through random numbers was used for this purpose. The results showed that the majority of the students used the university library infrequently to locate their requisite information. Most of the students required a moderate level of information and preferred to get this information in an online format. The opinion of most of the students showed that they were proficient in using internet services (e.g. Google, Yahoo etc.) and different websites to identify their required information. The findings revealed that most of the students were unanimous in their skills to precisely recognize and describe the information they required. This study highlights the importance of IL skills, in order that students can become lifelong learners in retrieving, using, organizing, and presenting their information. The findings of this study would provide some insightful guidelines to university management, policy makers, and those concerned to augment and increase the IL training sessions and programs in Pakistan at the university level. These findings could be implemented on other universities with the same teaching and learning system, strategies, and circumstances.
Gestión de estancias y ocupación de camas de hospitales públicos de Costa Rica
Authors: Salas Melvin Morera
Published: March 2021

La mayoría de hospitales presenta inadecuada distribución interna de las camas, situación que se podría solucionar asignando el número de camas conforme la demanda esperada en cada especialidad. Se registra un alto número de hospitales con estancias inadecuadas, de acuerdo con la casuística que atienden. Esto hace necesario un análisis más detallado del manejo de estancias de los principales grupos relacionados de diagnóstico y la elaboración de protocolos para estandarizar la prestación de servicios en los grupos relacionados de diagnostico con mayor variabilidad en la estancia media.
Instrucciones para autores
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

Acta Médica Costarricense
Benjamín de Céspedes y Santa Cruz
Authors: Montealegre Carlos de Céspedes
Published: March 2021

Nace el 21 de enero de 1858 en la Habana, Cuba. A los 9 años de edad fue enviado a un colegio en el norte de Francia, donde hizo la escuela primaria. La educación secundaria la realizó en Madrid, España, donde luego entró a estudiar Medicina. En 1882 obtiene graduación de honor como Médico Cirujano en la Universidad de Madrid. Como estudiante de medicina fundó, en 1878, y dirigió por varios años la revista “Anales de la Sociedad Fisiológica de Madrid”.
Encefalitis por anticuerpos antirreceptor N-metil-D-aspartato
Authors: Madrigal Alejandro Barquero
Published: March 2021

La encefalitis por anticuerpos antirreceptor N-metil-D-Aspartato pertenece a un grupo de enfermedades que inicialmente se llamaban encefalitis límbicas, hoy conocidas como encefalitis autoinmunes. Se caracterizan por estar frecuentemente asociadas a algún tumor, responder a la inmunoterapia y provocar daños cerebrales variables que se manifiestan como cuadros clínicos polimorfos (desde la disfunción límbica hasta una encefalopatía multifocal o difusa). Algunos pacientes con condiciones psiquiátricas agudas podrían tener en realidad una encefalitis autoinmune, sin embargo, no es tan fácil sospecharlo con las manifestaciones iniciales. Su incidencia exacta no se conoce, pero cada vez hay más reportes de casos. Sus características clínicas están bien descritas y evolucionan en cinco fases. El diagnóstico definitivo se hace al obtener la confirmación serológica de los anticuerpos, pero hay algunas pruebas que pueden orientar la sospecha diagnóstica. El tratamiento se basa en esteroides y otros inmunosupresores.
Polimiositis secundaria a tuberculosis en un niño de 11 años
Authors: Solano Olga Natalia Retana , Porras Oscar
Published: March 2021

La polimiositis es una de las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas. Tiene una incidencia mundial estimada en 4 casos por cada millón de habitantes al año. Es considerada un diagnóstico de exclusión y se ha establecido una asociación con la infección por micobacterias. Se reporta el caso de un niño de 11 años de edad con polimiositis secundaria a tuberculosis. La polimiositis tuvo una adecuada respuesta a los corticosteroides, pero estos no fueron necesarios después del diagnóstico de una infección pulmonar por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. El tratamiento antifímico, sin la terapia con esteroides, permitió una resolución de ambas patologías y la evolución favorable del paciente.
Secuencia de perfusión arterial reversa (TRAP)
Authors: Arredondo Laura Jiménez , Sánchez Daniel Benavides , Almanza Néstor Ureña , Villavicencio Joaquín Bustillos
Published: March 2021

Considerada como una complicación exclusiva de gestaciones múltiples monocoriales, la secuencia de perfusión arterial reversa se caracteriza por la presencia de un feto malformado que tiene un corazón rudimentario o ausente, con una perfusión desde el gemelo estructuralmente normal hacia el feto acárdico y una mortalidad del 100% en el feto acárdico y el 50% en el feto sano. Se reporta un caso clínico de una paciente de 15 años con embarazo gemelar monocorial de 27 semanas, referida al Hospital San Juan de Dios, en donde se le dio seguimiento diario con ultrasonido y se documentó el patrón ultrasonógrafico anormal de sumación-colisión. A los 7 días de ingreso se decide la interrupción del embarazo por sospecha de coriamnioitis, naciendo un producto viable y otro polimalformado.
Tumor de glomus yugulotimpánico, a propósito de un caso
Authors: Reyes Carmona Jazmín , Salazar Olmedo David , Vargas Román Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Los tumores de glomus yugulo-timpánico o paragangliomas son originados de células de la cresta neural y representan un número bajo de los tumores de cabeza y cuello (0,5 %). Su crecimiento lento y síntomas progresivos provocan que se retarde el diagnóstico. Conocer la clínica que frecuentemente cursa con pérdida auditiva unilateral, tinnitus pulsátil y afectación de algún par craneal, puede ayudar a sospechar el diagnóstico de glomus. Se mencionan diferentes tipos de métodos diagnósticos, así como nuevas opciones de tratamiento. Dada la localización y su importante vascularización, hay casos en los que la cirugía abierta es muy riesgosa y se buscan procedimientos terapéuticos que disminuyan las complicaciones y morbilidades en estos pacientes, tanto como procedimientos endovasculares. En el artículo se discute el caso de una femenina de 31 años con clínica de inicio insidioso con hipoacusia izquierda progresiva, tinnitus pulsátil izquierdo y disfonía. En 2013, se realiza resonancia magnética nuclear donde se observa proceso infiltrativo tumoral sugestivo de paraganglioma. Se hace embolización endovascular con onyx de glomus yugulotimpánico en cuatro ocasiones, con seguimiento cada 6 meses por no ser candidata a otro tipo de tratamiento, debido al tamaño y localización de la masa y su condición no resecable.

Descriptores: paraganglioma, glomo yugular, glomo timpánico.
Anemia aplásica en la población pediátrica de Costa Rica: experiencia de 10 años
Authors: Rojas Jiménez Sebastián , Valverde Muñoz Kathia
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: la anemia aplásica es una enfermedad rara, potencialmente mortal sin diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la epidemiología de la anemia aplásica en la población de 0 a 13 años a nivel nacional, atendida en el Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera”, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, único centro del país disponible para la atención en hematología pediátrica.

Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de los pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, con diagnóstico de anemia aplásica adquirida y las diversas formas de aplasias congénitas, en el periodo de enero 2006 a junio de 2016. Se registró el tipo de tratamiento recibido, su respuesta y la mortalidad asociada con la enfermedad, así como algunosdatos epidemiológicos.

Resultados: se analizó un total de 27 casos, 23 con anemia aplásica adquirida y 4 con diversos tipos de anemias congénitas. La edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue de 81,7 meses, con una relación hombre: mujer de 1.1:1. De los 23 pacientes con anemia aplásica adquirida, 10 recibieron tratamiento con globulina antitimocito y presentaron respuesta a la globulina equina 2/5 pacientes como primera línea de tratamiento y 1 como segunda línea; con la globulina de conejo se obtuvo respuesta en 1/5 pacientes como primera línea y en 2 como segunda línea. Tres pacientes recibieron tratamiento con trasplante de médula ósea y presentaron una respuesta completa, sin evidenciar datos de enfermedad de injerto versus huésped u otras complicaciones al finalizar el estudio. No se logró demostrar diferencia significativa respecto al sexo, edad de diagnóstico, valores del hemograma,frecuencia de requerimiento de plaquetas o glóbulos rojos, grado de severidad ni mortalidad.

Conclusión: se confirmó la baja prevalencia de la anemia aplásica; la muestra obtenida durante el periodo analizado es pequeña y limita la observación de características relevantes ante referentes internacionales.

Descriptores: pediatría, anemia aplásica, anemia aplásica adquirida, trasplante de médula ósea, globulina antitimocito
Enseñanza de farmacología a los futuros médicos mediante simulación clínica
Authors: Sáenz Campos Desirée , Sánchez Altamirano José Ernesto
Published: March 2021

En el contexto de la enseñanza de la farmacología y como parte de la formación médica, la simulación clínica mediante diversos dispositivos permite recrear la experiencia clínica sin necesidad de exponer a los pacientes, contribuye a mejorar el desarrollo de habilidades para la práctica clínica, y provee un ambiente seguro y controlado para la utilización de los medicamentos y la evaluación clínica de sus efectos. Otras ventajas tienen relación con el desarrollo del trabajo en equipo y del pensamiento críticoen el estudiante. Se considera que la simulación clínica es una técnica muy valiosa por su amplia utilidad didáctica; se integra como parte sustantiva de las actividades que se implementan para la enseñanza de la farmacología a los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina, de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
An Inquiry into the Self-Evaluation of Star Teacher Characteristics Necessary for Successful Urban Teaching
Authors: Ford Deana , McKinney Sueanne E. , Tomovic Cynthia L.
Published: March 2021

This study examines the degree of agreement between three Haberman Foundation-trained facilitators’ interviews and pre-service teachers’ self-evaluations of behavioral attributes associated with successful urban teaching. Using a quasi-experimental design research approach, data for this investigation was collected from 17 subjects who are all pre-service teacher candidates enrolled in an urban, metropolitan, co-educational research university. The Star Teacher Selection Interview and the Urban Teacher Behavioral Self-Evaluation Assessment served as the assessment instruments. Overall, findings revealed that the trained interviewers rated the pre-service teacher participants much lower on many of the behavioral attributes associated with successful urban teaching than did the subjects themselves.
Como as democracias (não) morrem
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigues Thais
Published: March 2021

Essa resenhaa analisa o livro Como as democracias morrem, de Steven Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt.
Extension of a gaseous dry deposition algorithm to oxidized volatile organic compounds
and hydrogen cyanide for application in chemistry transport models
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Zhang Leiming , Walker John T. , Makar Paul A. , Perlinger Judith A. , Wang Xuemei
Published: March 2021

Abstract. With increasing complexity of air quality models, additional chemical species have been included in model simulations for which dry deposition processes need to be parameterized. For this purpose, the gaseous dry deposition scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) is extended to include 12 oxidized volatile organic compounds (oVOCs) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) based on their physicochemical properties, namely the effective Henry's law constants and oxidizing capacities. Modeled dry deposition velocity (Vd) values are compared against field flux measurements over a mixed forest in the southeastern U.S. during June 2013. The model captures the basic features of the diel cycles of the observed Vd. Modeled Vd values are comparable to the measurements for most of the oVOCs at night. However, modeled Vd values are mostly around 1 cm s−1 during daytime, which is much smaller than the observed daytime maxima of 2–5 cm s−1. Analysis of the individual resistance terms/uptake pathways suggests that flux divergence due to fast atmospheric chemical reactions near the canopy was likely the main cause of the large model-measurement discrepancies during daytime. The extended dry deposition scheme likely provides conservative Vd values for many oVOCs. While higher Vd values and bi-directional fluxes can be simulated by coupling key atmospheric chemical processes into the dry deposition scheme, we suggest that more experimental evidence of high oVOC Vd values at additional sites is required to confirm the broader applicability of the high values studied here. The underlying processes leading to high measured oVOC Vd values require further investigation.
Arctic sea ice sensitivity to lateral melting representation in a
coupled climate model
Authors: Smith Madison , Holland Marika , Light Bonnie
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The melting of sea ice floes from the edges (lateral melting) results in open water formation and subsequently increases absorption of solar shortwave energy. However, lateral melt plays a small role in the sea ice mass budget in both hemispheres in most climate models (Keen et al., 2020). This is likely influenced by simple parameterizations of this process in sea ice models that are constrained by limited observations. Here we use a coupled climate model (CESM2.0) to assess the sensitivity of modeled sea ice state to the lateral melt parameterization. The results show that sea ice is sensitive both to the parameters determining the effective lateral melt rate, as well as the nuances in how lateral melting is applied to the ice pack. Increasing the lateral melt rate within the range of reasonable values is largely compensated by decreases in the basal melt rate, but can still result in a significant decrease in sea ice concentration and thickness, particularly in the marginal ice zone. We suggest that it is important to consider the efficiency of melt processes at forming open water, which drives the majority of the ice-albedo feedback. Melt processes are more efficient at forming open water in thinner ice scenarios (as we are likely to see in the future), suggesting the importance of well representing thermodynamic evolution. Revisiting model parameterizations of lateral melting with observations will require finding new ways to represent important physical processes.
The Mid-Twentieth Century Baby Boom and the Role of Social Influence. An Agent-Based Modelling Approach
Authors: Nomes Eli , Grow André , Van Bavel Jan
Published: March 2021

Around the middle of the 20th century, most Western countries experienced a surge in birth rates, called the Baby Boom. This boom was unexpected at the time and the underlying mechanisms are still not entirely clear. It was characterized by high levels of inter- and intra-country variability in fertility, as some regions even experienced fertility decline during the Boom. In this paper, we suggest that social influence processes, propelling a shift towards two-child families, might have played an important role in the observed changes in fertility. Interactions in social networks can lead new types of childbearing behaviour to diffuse widely and thereby induce changes in fertility at the macro level. The emergence and diffusion of a two-child norm resulted in homogenization of fertility behaviour across regions. Overall, this led to a reduction of childlessness and thus an increase of fertility, as more people aspired to have at least two children. Yet, in those regions where larger family sizes were still common, the two-child norm contributed to a fertility decline. To explore the role of social influence with analytical rigor, we make use of agent-based computational modelling. We explicate the underlying behavioural assumptions in a formal model and assess their implications by submitting this model to computational simulation experiments. We use Belgium as a case study, since it exhibited large variability in fertility in a relatively small population during the Baby Boom years. We use census data to generate realistic starting conditions and to empirically validate the outcomes that our model generates. Our results show that the proposed mechanism could explain an important part of the variability of fertility trends during the Baby Boom era.
Power System Restoration Using Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Kumar Deepak
Published: March 2021

In recent years, power systems are being operated nearer to their limits due to economic competition and deregulation. Also, nowadays the challenge is to include large and ever increasing amounts of decentralized generated power into the existing transmission network and at the same time comply with the electricity market transmission demands. Both factors increase the risk of blackout. After which, power needs to be restored as quickly and reliably as possible and, accordingly, detailed power system restoration plans are required. The multilayer perceptron network is chosen for a more precise examination.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepuasan Pasien Pelayanan Rawat Jalan di BLUD (Badan Layanan Umum Daerah) RSUD Kota Langsa
Authors: Malinda Risnati , Sari Maya
Published: March 2021

Kualitas pelayanan keperawatan sangat mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien dalam melakukan kunjungan ulang. Apabila pelayanan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, maka kualitas jasa atau pelayanan dipandang baik dan memuaskan, sebaliknya jika jasa atau pelayanan yang diterima tidak memuaskan, maka kualitas jasa atau pelayanan dipersepsikan buruk. Kenyataannya Pelayanan kesehatan tidak terlepas dari kepuasan pasien. Untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit maka dilakukan pengukuran survey kepuasan pasien untuk melihat tingkat kepuasan pasien. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan pasien pelayanan rawat jalan di BLUD RSUD Kota Langsa.

Jenis penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain crossectional. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisa secara univariat dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang berkunjung ke Pelayanan Rawat Jalan BLUD RSUD Kota Langsa, jumlah sampel sebanyak 97 orang dengan teknik sampel secara Proportional Stratified Random Sampling. Data dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.

 Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan sikap tenaga kesehatan dengan kepuasan pasien pelayanan rawat jalan dengan CI = 95% dan α = 0,05 dimana P (0,000) < α = (0,05) sehingga Ho ditolak. Ada hubungan waktu tunggu dengan kepuasan pasien pelayanan rawat jalan dengan CI = 95% dan α = 0,05 dimana P (0,000) < α = (0,05) sehingga Ho ditolak. Ada hubungan  sikap tenaga medis dengan kepuasan pasien pelayanan rawat jalan dengan CI = 95% dan α = 0,05 dimana P (0,004) < α = (0,05) sehingga Ho ditolak. Ada hubungan fasilitas dengan kepuasan pasien pelayanan rawat jalan dengan CI = 95% dan α = 0,05 dimana P (0,034) < α = (0,05) sehingga Ho ditolak.
Programa papá desde adentro: estrategias y habilidades parentales para padres privados de la libertad
Authors: Fernández Díaz Sebastián Ignacio
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo sintetiza y rescata una serie de aprendizajes y experiencias de un programa de intervención para el desarrollo de estrategias parentales para padres privados de la libertad de la Ciudad de México, que se realizó entre el año 2018 y el 2020. Este trabajo comenzó con una etapa de diagnóstico que incluyó a privados y privadas de libertad (primo-delincuentes y reincidentes), familiares de los internos e internas, directores/as de los centros penitenciarios y ex internos e internas (no reincidentes). Con la información recopilada y analizada se adecuaron estrategias del programa Triple P y se revisó literatura proveniente del enfoque centrado en la persona, del enfoque en parentalidad positiva y sobre género y nuevas masculinidades, para adecuar un programa que contempló la realidad de los padres privados de libertad del Centro de Ejecución de Sanciones Penales Varonil Norte. A un mes de finalizado el taller se aplicó una segunda evaluación para poder medir su impacto.
Representação do (não-)excecionalismo lusotropicalista: A viagem ao mundo colonial de Maria da Graça Freire
Authors: Pimenta Susana , Ribeiro Orquídea
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, pretende-se indagar sobre a representação do excecionalismo lusotropicalista do “modo de estar português no mundo”, assente na teoria do lusotropicalismo de Gilberto Freyre, na visão da escritora portuguesa Maria da Graça Freire (1918–1993), em particular nas obras A primeira viagem, de 1953 e A terra foi-lhe negada, de 1958, onde se verifica uma oposição dúbia à “exceção” advogada pela retórica lusotropicalista das políticas do império colonial português. Por um lado, confirma-se uma oposição ao lusotropicalismo, isto é, a aptidão “inata” do homem português em se adaptar aos trópicos, em termos humanos, sociais e físicos, cultivando uma “harmoniosa” miscigenação entre as diferentes raças; por outro, verifica-se “uma mixórdia colonial-fascista”, num discurso amenamente politizado e integrado na ideolo-gia colonial do regime do Estado Novo.
Clinical Relations of Sarcopenia
Authors: Suka Aryana IGP
Published: March 2021

Sarcopenia is one of geriatric syndromes, characterized by decreased muscle mass accompanied by decreased muscle strength and/or performance. It is more prevalent with increase in age, and the prevalence depends on the criteria applied and the characteristic of the elderly. Sarcopenia has a higher risk of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. The definition criteria of sarcopenia are still controversial, but diagnostic criteria from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) are the most used criteria for clinical practice. Pathogenesis sarcopenia involved a multifactorial process and is divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Risk factors for sarcopenia include constitutional factors, aging, lifestyle, changes in body condition, and chronic diseases. Based on that, sarcopenia is divided into primary and secondary sarcopenia. There are three stage of sarcopenia, which are pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. Nutrition and exercise are the two main pillars to manage sarcopenia.
Entrepreneurship Education in Vocational Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Sunyoto Sunyoto , Setiyawan Andri
Published: March 2021

One of the objectives of vocational school is to develop an entrepreneur. Via vocational high school education, students are provided with entrepreneurship learning so that they are able. Students are often exposed to the business community to find out what the real world of entrepreneurship is like. First, this paper will outline the goals and growth of Indonesia’s Vocational High School, respective government policies respectively. Second, the introduction of entrepreneurship education through academic programs, the introduction of apprenticeship programs, and assessment respectively. In Indonesia, through the vocational school curriculum program, entrepreneurship education is included as a compulsory subject and is strengthened by the experience of the industrial world through an internship in the development of an entrepreneur.
Natural Polonium-210 in Bivalve Species in Peninsular Malaysia Waters as Recent Pollution Indicator
Authors: Zakri Nurhanisah , Abd Rahim Mohamed Che
Published: March 2021

Po-210 is an alpha rays emitter in U-238 decay series and a natural radionuclide found in the ocean, and bivalve is the best biological indicator compared to the other organisms because of their feeding methods that are filter-feeding and suspension-feeding. They are able to accumulate toxic substances from marine environment in their tissue and researches were conducted in edible tissues of Meretrix meretrix, Perna virid, Glauconome virens, Anadara granosa, Anadara ovalis, Pholas orientalis, Donax sp., Polymesoda bengalensis, Phapia undulata, and Tellina virgate. Result showed Po-210 activity distributions were ranging from 2.61 ± 1.50 to 517.46 ± 56.64 Bq/kg. The lowest value of Po-210 activity recorded in Anadara granosa and the highest value recorded in Donax sp. Small-sized of bivalve species contained higher Po-210 activity than the larger one. Higher Po-210 contents in bivalve obtained from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia might be closely related to anthropogenic factors from the coastline. This study also found that Donax sp. is able to be a good indicator of environmental pollutants as it accumulates Po-210 in higher concentrations than other bivalve species. Donax sp. can be found in several parts of Malaysia and available in large quantities but it appears to be seasonal. While for seafood safety monitoring, Anadara granosa is capable of becoming a good benchmark for seafood security as it found in most parts of Malaysia. It is not seasonal and a kind of Malaysian favorite seafood.
Smart Growth and Transit Oriented Development: Financing and Execution Challenges in India
Authors: Kumar Mishra Alok , Mishra Shibani
Published: March 2021

Cities today face burgeoning personalized vehicles as a consequence of neglected public transport and a spatial planning model isolated from transport planning. Transportation planning has been accorded a residual rank post spatial planning. This has prompted dispersed and automobile-centric growth of cities. The pursuit of more sustainable, liveable, congestion and pollution free cities resulted in the paradigm of New Urbanism and Smart Growth. Transit-oriented Development (TOD), an integral part of Smart Growth, has emerged as a paradigm in urban design. It aims at the concentration of development in or around a transit station or along a transit corridor. TOD could be a befitting reply to sprawl, congestion, pollution and provide an effective way to restructure existing cities. By integrating public transport and land use planning TOD provides ways to intensify agglomeration economies and weaken congestion diseconomies. TOD has several socio-economic and environmental benefits to its credit. The chapter looks at the various advantages of TOD and the challenges faced in its execution and financing. Further, several successful TOD practices from around the globe have been discussed to draw lessons for replication in India.
The Sensitiveness of Expected Heterozygosity and Allelic Richness Estimates for Analyzing Population Genetic Diversity
Authors: Eugenia Barrandeguy María , Victoria García María
Published: March 2021

Genetic diversity comprises the total of genetic variability contained in a population and it represents the fundamental component of changes since it determines the microevolutionary potential of populations. There are several measures for quantifying the genetic diversity, most notably measures based on heterozygosity and measures based on allelic richness, i.e. the expected number of alleles in populations of same size. These measures differ in their theoretical background and, in consequence, they differ in their ecological and evolutionary interpretations. Therefore, in the present chapter these measures of genetic diversity were jointly analyzed, highlighting the changes expected as consequence of gene flow and genetic drift. To develop this analysis, computational simulations of extreme scenarios combining changes in the levels of gene flow and population size were performed.
Small Animals Gut Microbiome and Its Relationship with Cancer
Authors: Moreno Ferrarias Epiphanio Tatiane , Santos Andreia A.F.
Published: March 2021

This chapter aims to discuss recent developments in understanding the small animal gut microbiome’s relationship with cancer, focusing on animals as well as a model for studying humans. Based on multidirectional interactions between the microbiome, the environment and the epigenetically/genetically vulnerable host, it intends to address the mechanisms by which microorganisms can contribute to carcinogenesis describing the roles of the microbiome directly in the pathogenesis of the disease through complex interactions between the microbiome and the host’s metabolic and immune systems. The feasibility for developing new cancer diagnostic and prognostic methodologies plus treatments based on small animals’ microbiome profiles are reviewed.
Biomedical Applications with Using Embedded Systems
Authors: Dere Gulcicek
Published: March 2021

Besides the use of embedded systems in the field of electrical and electronics engineering, industrial, telecommunication, military, and many other commercial applications, and the other applications in the field of medical and biomedical are becoming increasingly common. Embedded system applications are increasing not only with designs on devices or with clothing, factories, medical and military equipments, portable devices, but also with applications such as ‘mobile worlds’ and ‘e-worlds’, Artificial Intelligence and IoT (Internet of things) with the possibility to make all kinds of software on them. In recent years, with the rise of infectious diseases such as the Covid 19 virus, there is a growing need for telemedicine applications such as diagnosis, prognosis and patient management. Embedded system technologies have occupied an important area in biomedical technology. Especially, to develop tools for the purposes of increasing the safety of healthcare workers in the event of epidemic infectious diseases in processes such as pandemics. For this purpose, monitoring of patients discharged from hospitals at home or non-intensive care beds during quarantine, or isolated in their homes, outpatient, and mildly ill, remotely, instantly, safely and quickly, are becoming increasingly important. In this section, we will give an overview of the embedded system structure and applications.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health of Nurses: Impact on International Health Security
Authors: Ustun Gonca
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and spread rapidly in many other countries. This situation, defined now as a pandemic, has turned into a worldwide public health problem that threatens health security, especially that of healthcare professionals. Nurses, particularly those at the forefront of healthcare and directly involved in COVID-19 patient care, have been affected not only physically but also mentally. Because nurses have longer communication and interaction times with patients, they are more concerned about becoming infected or infecting others. Nurses have the highest level of occupational stress compared to other groups and are accordingly subjected to anxiety and depression. For many reasons such as intense working hours, working in a shift system, an insufficient number of personnel, severe conditions of the unit, being in constant contact with patients and their relatives and showing intense empathy for them, nurses experience primary and secondary traumatic stress, job burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral injuries. For this reason, conducting appropriate prevention activities and planning prevention strategies for future pandemic situations is important to support nurses psychologically and to protect their mental health.
Limited Knowledge and Unsafe Practices in Usage of Pesticides and The Associated Toxicity Symptoms among Farmers in Tullo and Finchawa Rural Kebeles, Hawassa City, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: MHD Jamal Alshalati Lana
Published: March 2021

The insufficient knowledge regarding safe and proper pesticide handling by farmers in developing countries has led to extensive agricultural expansions at the expense of the health of farmers. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and field practices of farmers regarding pesticide handling, and to determine the prevalence of acute and chronic health-related problems in Finchawa and Tullo rural Kebeles of Hawassa City Administration. A cross-sectional mixed methods research design was employed to capture the fuller image of the issue. Farmers’ knowledge regarding pesticide handling and toxicity found to be on average. The odds of the knowledge concerning proper pesticide handling was positively influenced by the factor of age, access to training; and years of experience; Field practices adopted by farmers were disappointing and intentional suicide incidents among teenagers were the result of farmers’ unsafe storage. Nearly all the farmers did not use any means of PPE, and the lack of awareness about the dermal route presented a high risk of exposure. The common self-reported toxicity symptoms experienced by the participants included a headache (84.93%) and slow heartbeats (72.60%). The odds of prevalence of long-term toxicity symptoms found to be negatively correlated with the training factor while the same was positively influenced by the working hours in the farm. The study revealed that there is a high risk of exposure among farmers and their families in the study area.
Analyzing and Presenting Data with LabVIEW
Authors: Mavi Ahmet , Özmen Ahmet , Ertuğrul Mehmet
Published: March 2021

LabVIEW is an abbreviation for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench and allows scientists and engineers to develop and implement an interactive program. LabVIEW has been specially developed to take measurements, analyze data, and present the results to the user. You determine what the device looks like, rather than the manufacturer of the device. LabVIEW has a very large library of functions and subprograms (subVIs) that can help you during your programming and use without occupying memory. Hidden programming problems that you may encounter in traditional programming languages are less common in LabVIEW. LabVIEW also includes different applications such as serial device control, data analysis, data presentation, data storage and communication over the internet. Analysis library; It includes versatile and useful functions such as signal generation, signal processing filters, Windows statistics and regressions, linear algebra and array arithmetic. Due to the graphical nature of LabVIEW, it is an innate data presentation package. You can view the data in any form you want. Chart, graph and user-defined graph are among the output options that can be used. As a scientist or an engineer, you frequently measure physical changes such as temperature, pressure, time, mass, electric current, light intensity, radioactivity etc. You generally need to analyze and present the data. When you have large amounts of data, you need to use software to analyze and present the data. LabVIEW makes these actions easy for you. Because LabVIEW includes hundreds of built-in and add-on functions you need that make it easy to create a user-friendly interface. In this chapter, we focus on data analysis and presentation.
Using the Boundary Element Method to Simulate Visco-Elastic Deformations of Rough Fractures
Authors: Kang Hao
Published: March 2021

In many engineering applications, such as tribology and rock mechanics, it is very important to understand the deformation of rough fractures to evaluate the safety and profitability of the project. Since a lot of materials can be characterized as visco-elastic materials, it is very significant to simulate the visco-elastic deformation of rough fractures. This chapter focuses on using the boundary element method to simulate visco-elastic deformations of rough fractures. First, the principles and procedures of the above-mentioned method will be introduced. Then, one example will be given in detail. This example investigates the effect of surface geometry on visco-elastic deformations of rough rock fractures under normal compressive stresses. The rock fracture surfaces are assumed to be self-affine, and synthetic rough surfaces are generated by systematically changing three surface roughness parameters: the Hurst exponent, root mean square roughness, and mismatch length. The results indicate that by decreasing the Hurst exponent or increasing the root mean square roughness or increasing the mismatch length, the fracture mean aperture increases, and the contact ratio (the number of contacting cells/total number of cells) increases slower with time. Finally, the limitations and possible future research directions will be briefly discussed.
Design and Construction for Tunnel Face Stability: Theoretical and Modeling Approach
Authors: Aissi Adel , Brikat Abdelghani , Ismet Kanlı Ali , Benselhoub Aissa , Kessal Oussama
Published: March 2021

Tunneling is considered to be among the most important projects in all countries worldwide. However, interspersed, some tunnels rise to problems of instability during excavation. This chapter is a case study of the tunnel of “Djebel El Kantour” which is part of the East–West Algerian Highway. Face stability is the most critical problems that affect the subject of our research. This study is carried out via analytical and numerical methods based on the instability relationship, characteristics of the ground and the geometry of the tunnel, to draw conclusions and recommendations for overcoming this problem.
Medicinal Plants, Bioactive Compounds, and Dietary Therapies for Treating Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Godswill Awuchi Chinaza
Published: March 2021

Medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, and dietary measures have been found to be effective in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). About 463 million people have diabetes worldwide; estimates project 700 million people by 2045. While T1DM is caused by the loss of beta cells of pancreatic islets that produce insulin, resulting in the deficiency of insulin, T2DM, which constitutes over 90 to 95% of all DM cases, is caused by insulin resistance, and could relatively combine reduction in the secretion of insulin. Aloe vera, Terminalia chebula, Perilla frutescens, Curcuma longa, Zingiber zerumbet, Nigella sativa, Gongronema latifolium, Pachira aquatic, Caesalpinioideae, Azadirachta indica, Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia herbaalba, Vachellia nilotica, Abelmoschus moschatus, Cinnamomum verum, Salvia officinalis, Tinospora cordifoli, Pterocarpus, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini, Coccinia grandis, Caesalpinia bonduc, Gymnema sylvestre, Carthamus tinctorius, Allium sativum, and Trigonella foenum-graecum are among the medicinal plants shown to be effective in controlling and treating T1DM and T2DM. Bioactive compounds such as lycopene, vitamin E, vitamin D, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, hesperidin, naringin, anthocyanin, etc. are useful in treating T1DM and T2DM.
Absolutely FABulous: Collecting and celebrating faculty-authored books
Authors: Rodriguez Michael
Published: March 2021

In 2019, the University of Connecticut (UConn) Library began systematically collecting faculty-authored books (FABs). We envisioned the collection as a service—a program to capture and celebrate faculty work and ensure that their intellectual contributions were represented in the library’s collections. Under the leadership of our new dean, we crafted and communicated jargon-free program parameters, collaborated with liaison librarians and book vendors to purchase more than 220 FABs, and collaborated with communications staff to pursue events and marketing to publicize this new collecting area. UConn is a large public research university with more than 30,000 students and 1,500 full-time faculty who publish scores of books yearly, so this FAB service resonated with faculty and senior administrators alike. Though we are adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, FABs have become a signature initiative for UConn Library.
A dialog on reclaiming higher education as a space for play
Authors: Wallin Patric , Mariussen Kristi Larsen , Mogstad Håkon , Sønderaal Maud
Published: March 2021

This work is the result of a collaboration between students and a teacher. Based on many hours of recorded dialogs and grounded in both our individual experiences from higher education and our shared experience in the interdisciplinary project course, we approach play in its broadest sense as an activity that combines exploration, discovery, experimentation, creation and reflection. Using the recorded dialogs as a starting point, we, collaboratively and in partnership, transformed the raw material into a coherent research narrative in which we explore why it is important to reclaim higher education as a space where students and teachers can play with ideas, what pedagogical approaches and positions are needed to create this space, and how a focus on efficiency and assessment threatens play in higher education settings. Keeping our work in the dialog format, we preserve the nature of this research and communicate the different voices.
Toward a critical theory of playful research in the internet age exploring playful research in Second Life, Minecraft, and Hackerspaces/Makerspaces
Authors: Hunsinger Jeremy
Published: March 2021

This paper engaged in the development of a critical theory of playful research. Using examples from Second Life, Minecraft, and hackerspaces/makerspaces, it argues that playful research is an intrinsic part of research ecologies.  It presents the idea that research can be joyful, liberating, transgressive in its pursuit of knowledge, and admits that the pursuit of knowledge also requires communal forgetting.  With those insights, it argues that playful research is happening and that we should encourage research to be playful.
Budget Deficits and Fiscal Adjustments under Fragmented Decision Making: New Evidence on an Old Discussion
Authors: Palaios Panagiotis
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present the existing literature of political explanations for budget deficits and fiscal adjustments. The literature is distinguished initially in two broad categories, namely the effects of conflicts among agents with heterogeneous preferences and institutional effects. At the next stage the category of conflicts among agents is further distinguished in two approaches, namely political stability approach and weak government approach. The existing literature confirms that political instability leads to the strategic use of debt and therefore to higher fiscal deficits. Institutions are proved to contribute positively to the success of fiscal adjustments. However, interest groups with political power and the risk aversion character of politicians imply that fiscal adjustment is usually delayed and more costly.
Characterization of Indian Mustard Germplasm on the Basis of Morphological Traits and SSR Markers
Authors: Rajpoot Narendra Singh , Tripathi M. K. , Tiwari Sushma , Tomar R. S. , Kandalkar V. S.
Published: March 2021

The genus Brassica is one of the most important oil seed crops in India with high degree of genetic diversity. In present study, genetic diversity was studied in forty germplasm lines and eight cultivars of Indian mustard using morphological traits and SSR markers. Morphological characters were taken for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), length of main raceme (cm), number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). Total 50 SSR markers were used for characterization of these lines, out of which 7 SSR markers were highly polymorphic between all the germplasms of mustard. An UPGMA phonogram was constructed for all 48 Germplasms and the similarity coefficient ranged from 0.00 to 0.91. Number of alleles ranged from 3 to 4, genetic diversity ranged from 71% to 65% with average value of 67%, heterozygosity raged from 20 to 10% with average of 12% and PIC value for markers ranged from 0.65 to 0.59 with mean PIC value 0.61. All seven SSR primers showed PIC value above 0.5 (50%) indicating high genetic diversity in the studied plant material.
Advanced Thermoelectric Materials for Flexible Cooling Application
Authors: Ding Jiamin , Zhao Wenrui , Jin Wenlong , Di Chong‐an , Zhu Daoben
Published: March 2021

Flexible cooling devices, which aim to fulfill the essential requirement of complex working environments and enable local heat dissipation, have become the cutting‐edge area of refrigeration technology. Thermoelectric (TE) material represents a promising candidate for various flexible cooling applications, including wearable personal thermoregulation devices. With the increasing interest in the Peltier effect of conductive polymers and inorganic films on flexible substrates, flexible cooling devices have undergone rapid development. Herein, the fundamental mechanisms, basic parameters, and temperature measurement techniques for evaluating the cooling performance are summarized. Moreover, recent progress on TE materials, such as flexible inorganic and organic materials for Peltier cooling studies, is reviewed. More importantly, insights are provided into the key strategies for high‐performance Peltier devices. The final part details the existing challenges and perspectives on flexible TE cooling to inspire additional research interests toward the advancement of refrigeration technology.