bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized Reynolds Analogy: An Engineering Prospective of Thermo-Fluid Physics for Heat Exchanger Design
Authors: Som Abhijit
Published: August 2021

In practical interest of Reynolds analogy for power and process industries, in a unified system approach an engineering prospective of thermo-fluid physics has been proposed by developing a theory of basic heat exchanger design and analysis. Needless to mention of excellent books on heat exchangers, this paper focuses on the novelty of heat exchanger, which in author’s view depends upon the possibility of energy exchange between two fluid streams at different temperatures. Since operation cannot be random, the principal act of design is to engineer a product such that it operates in specified manner to perform its desired function of de-energizing one stream by virtue of energizing the other.

With law of the integral as the guiding principle of physics, it shall be made clear that energy exchange in the form of heat must be accompanied by energy transfer such that heat exchanger must operate due to simultaneous process of cooling and heating of the fluid streams with an intervening medium. To unlock the secret of steady operation a fundamental postulate concerning thermodynamic behavior of the system has been made by invoking zeroth law of thermodynamics. Remarkably, it lends itself a necessary and sufficient condition concerning proportionality between heat-flux and required temperature difference to yield fluids unique thermal response in relation to the heat transfer surface temperature. Consequently, far-reaching physical implications of the constant of proportionality on system design can be clearly exposed of with due consideration to Eulerian descriptions of conservation principles according to Newton’s mechanical theory. Consistently enough, because of thermal non-equilibrium, effectiveness of system design and off design performance warrants a fundamental theorem like one suggested by Reynolds concerning augmentation of thermal diffusion due to fluid motion. Accordingly, flow rates become critical operating parameters for thermal performance and pressure drop requirements.

Furthermore, and most importantly, in support of the theorem an order magnitude analysis appears to be in order, to show the dependence of flow resistance and hence, system thermal response on fluid flow behavior in terms of non-dimensional parameters. As a result, it is made clear that development of design correlations for friction factor and non-dimensional heat transfer coefficient in terms of both Reynolds number and Prandtl number is an integral part of heat exchanger design process by gathering experimental data. Finally, generalized mathematical statement of Reynolds analogy has been obtained relating Stanton number with friction factor, which reduces to our familiar expression for Prandtl number of unity.
Design Considerations of Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production Plants for Residential Applications
Authors: Berastain Arturo , Vidal Rafael , Busquets Carlos , Aguilar Gonzalo , Torres Álvaro , Lem Jorge , Antoniou Antonios , Celis Cesar
Published: August 2021

The objective of this work is to discuss design considerations related to the development of a stand-alone photovoltaic driven hydrogen production and consumption system. The referred system is currently on the design-phase so this work describes in particular the associated design considerations, governing equations, schematics and the expected system efficiency. The system design requirements include the production of enough energy to power an average residence located in the Ica city, Peru. The system design has been divided in four subsystems, each one having its own design considerations and limitations, (i) power, hydrogen (ii) production, (iii) storage and (iv) consumption. Regarding the power subsystem, the required considerations to generate the maximum amount of solar energy in the minimum amount of space are presented. For hydrogen production, different electrolyzer related technologies have been accounted for; including proton exchange (PEM), alkaline (AEC) and polymer (PEC). Hydrogen and oxygen storages are a critical aspect in the full hydrogen chain production. Currently no single technology satisfies all of the criteria required. As such, present technologies and selection considerations are presented. For using the produced hydrogen, fuel cell stacks including PEM and solid oxide ones are assessed. Finally, the right the combination of current, voltage (including conversion from DC to a constant AC supply) and fuel utilization maximizing efficiency and power output is determined.
Automatic Electronic Braking System for Commercial Micro Wind Turbine
Authors: Hiraldo-Martínez Gretchell M. , Santiago-Vargas Alex D. , Aponte-Roa Diego A. , Goenaga-Jiménez Miguel A.
Published: August 2021

The inclusion of renewable energy as wind turbines on microgrids has been increasing in popularity. However, commercial micro wind turbines lack advance electronic control systems to monitor the turbine and automatically brake for safety purposes. This paper presents the design of a modular electronic braking and monitoring system architecture with off-the-shelf electronic components and open-source software. The proposed system records the turbine operational parameters and triggers a braking system when an emergency stop button is closed or when a desired electrical parameter exceeds an established threshold. Electronic braking is a low-cost alternative that needs less maintenance, space, and mechanical complexity. We used a 400W micro wind turbine located at 17 feet high to test the proposed system architecture. Results demonstrate that this system architecture could be implemented for wind turbines in any existing polygeneration microgrid as an add-on.
Jacques Galinier: "La mayoría de los antropólogos rehúsa leer a fondo los textos clave del psicoanálisis."
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Rodriguez Cuevas Lydia
Published: August 2021

Jacques Galinier responde a la imagen de un antropólogo con fundada inquietud en los procesos disciplinares entre antropología y psicoanálisis. Ha trabajado desde la década de los sesenta con otomíes en diversas misiones etnológicas y arqueológicas, temática sobre la cual ha escrito varios libros y artículos. Es miembro del consejo editorial de varias revistas de antropología, entre las que destacan L'Homme (Paris) o Journal of the Southwest (Universidad de Arizona). Galinier es una persona trato agradable, que alterna su trabajo como director de Investigaciones en el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas de Francia (CNRS) con la docencia en diversas instituciones tales como Paris X, la Universidad Autónoma de México o la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Fue precisamente en un curso de verano de esta institución donde tuvimos la oportunidad de entrevistarle.
Dynamic properties of floating floor system and its influence on heavy-weight impact sound in residential buildings
Authors: Kim Ju-Hyung , Park Hong-Gun , Han Hee-Kab , Mun Dae-Ho
Published: August 2021

We investigated the effects of a floating floor on heavy impact sound in the low-frequency range below 100 Hz with focus on the structural vibration. To verify the mechanism of amplifying the floor impact sound, field measurements were conducted before and after the installation of a floating floor while the other conditions were kept constant. Field tests were performed on five apartment units where the material properties of the resilient materials in the floating floors differed. Slab accelerations and sound pressure levels were measured simultaneously. The test results indicated that the low-frequency responses of slab acceleration and the corresponding heavy impact sounds were amplified in all apartment units after the installation of the floating floor, while high-frequency responses greater than 100 Hz were significantly reduced. The amplified responses were attributed to the interactions between the mortar plate (floating floor) and concrete slab, which were connected by a resilient material layer. The degree of amplification tended to increase as the loss factor of the resilient material decreased while the amplified frequency range was determined by the stiffness of the resilient material layer. The result was numerically verified using a simplified mass-spring model.
Relationship Between Mental Health, Resilience, and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wermelinger Ávila Maria Priscila , Corrêa Jimilly Caputo , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero , Lucchetti Giancarlo
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the association between resilience and mental health in older adults and to determine the influence of physical activity on this relationship. A total of 291 older adults were included in a 2-year follow-up study. Adjusted linear regression models evaluated the association between resilience at baseline and mental health after 2 years in sufficiently and insufficiently physically active older adults. A negative correlation was found between resilience at baseline and depression, anxiety, and stress after 2 years for the overall sample. This association changed after stratifying the group. Sufficiently physically active individuals made greater use of the resilience components “Self-Sufficiency” and “Perseverance,” whereas insufficiently physically active individuals made greater use of “Meaning of Life” and “Existential Singularity.” Physical activity can influence the relationship between resilience and mental health. These results can help guide the devising of more effective interventions for this age group.
Association of Physical Activity With Maximal and Submaximal Tests of Exercise Capacity in Middle- and Older-Aged Adults
Authors: Mediano Mauro F.F. , Fleg Jerome L. , Wanigatunga Amal A. , Gonçalves Tatiana R. , Martinez-Amezcua Pablo , Szklo Moyses , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Schrack Jennifer A.
Published: August 2021

Although physical activity (PA) is an important determinant of exercise capacity, the association between these constructs is modest. The authors investigated the associations of self-reported and objectively measured PA with maximal and submaximal tests of exercise capacity. Participants aged ≥40 years (N = 413; 49.6% female) completed a PA questionnaire, wore a uniaxial accelerometer (5.2 ± 1.1 days), and performed maximal (cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPET]) and submaximal (long-distance corridor walk) tests with indirect calorimetry (oxygen consumption, ). Linear regression models were fitted to assess the variation in exercise capacity explained (partial eta squared, η2) by PA variables. Accelerometer-measured vigorous (η2 = 22% female; η2 = 16% male) and total PA (η2 = 17% female; η2 = 13% male) explained the most variance in CPET (p < .001). All η2 values were lower for long-distance corridor walk (η2 ≤ 11%). Age contributed more to CPET than any PA variable in males (η2 = 32%), but not in females (η2 = 19%). Vigorous and total PA play important roles in CPET in mid to late life.
Barriers and Enablers to Older Indigenous People Engaging in Physical Activity—A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Gidgup Margaret J.R. , Kickett Marion , Weselman Tammy , Hill Keith , Coombes Julieann , Ivers Rebecca , Bowser Nicole , Palacios Vilma , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: August 2021

The objective of this qualitative systematic review was to synthesize all evidence to understand the barriers and enablers to older Indigenous peoples (aged 40 years and older) engaging in physical activity. Four databases were searched. Study quality was assessed from an Indigenous perspective, using an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander quality appraisal tool. Data were analyzed using thematic synthesis. There were 4,246 articles screened with 23 articles and one report included from over 30 Indigenous communities across four countries.Cultural Safety and Securitywas a key enabler, including developing physical activity programs which are led by Indigenous communities and preference Indigenous values.Colonizationwas a key barrier that created mistrust and uncertainty.Social Determinantsof Health,including cost, were supported by successful programs, but if not addressed, were demotivators of engagement. Older Indigenous peoples identified barriers and enablers that can direct the development of sustainable, culturally appropriate physical activity programs.
Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in northeast Asia
Authors: Matsumae Hiromi , Ranacher Peter , Savage Patrick E. , Blasi Damián E. , Currie Thomas E. , Koganebuchi Kae , Nishida Nao , Sato Takehiro , Tanabe Hideyuki , Tajima Atsushi , Brown Steven , Stoneking Mark , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Oota Hiroki , Bickel Balthasar
Published: August 2021

Grammar can reflect genetic history better than other cultural traits, including the lexicon.
Completely foldable electronics based on homojunction polymer transistors and logics
Authors: Kim Min Je , Ryu Hwa Sook , Choi Yoon Young , Ho Dong Hae , Lee Yoonjoo , Tripathi Ayushi , Son Jae Hoon , Lee Yeran , Kim Seunghan , Kang Moon Sung , Woo Han Young , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: August 2021

The fabrication strategy of homojunction-based PTFTs and logic circuits demonstrated the realization of foldable electronics.
Acoustic tweezer with complex boundary-free trapping and transport channel controlled by shadow waveguides
Authors: Li Junfei , Shen Chen , Huang Tony Jun , Cummer Steven A.
Published: August 2021

Particles can be manipulated along boundary-free channels in a noncontact way by designing acoustic structures in the shadow.
Microengineered perfusable 3D-bioprinted glioblastoma model for in vivo mimicry of tumor microenvironment
Authors: Neufeld Lena , Yeini Eilam , Reisman Noa , Shtilerman Yael , Ben-Shushan Dikla , Pozzi Sabina , Madi Asaf , Tiram Galia , Eldar-Boock Anat , Ferber Shiran , Grossman Rachel , Ram Zvi , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit
Published: August 2021

A perfusable vascularized 3D-bioprinted cancer model with stromal cells can be used for personalized therapy and target discovery.
In Silico
Models for Design and Optimization of Science-Based
Listeria
Environmental Monitoring Programs in Fresh-Cut Produce Facilities
Authors: Sullivan Genevieve , Zoellner Claire , Wiedmann Martin , Ivanek Renata
Published: August 2021

Programs such as environmental monitoring are used to determine the state of a given food facility with regard to the presence of environmental pathogens, such as
Listeria monocytogenes
, that could potentially cross-contaminate food product. However, the design of environmental monitoring programs is complex, and there are infinite ways to conduct the sampling that is required for these programs.
Genetic Linkage and Physical Mapping for an Oyster Mushroom (
Pleurotus cornucopiae
) and Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis for Cap Color
Authors: Zhang Yan , Gao Wei , Sonnenberg Anton , Chen Qiang , Zhang Jinxia , Huang Chenyang
Published: August 2021

Oyster mushrooms are produced and consumed all over the world.
Pleurotus cornucopiae
is one of the main oyster mushroom species. Dark-cap oyster mushrooms are becoming more and more popular with consumers, but dark varieties are rare on the market.
Manganese Privation-Induced Transcriptional Upregulation of the Class IIa Bacteriocin Plantaricin 423 in Lactobacillus plantarum Strain 423
Authors: Vermeulen Ross , Deane Shelly , Dicks Leon , Rohwer Johann , van Staden Anton Du Preez
Published: August 2021

Lactic acid bacteria hold huge industrial application and economic value, especially bacteriocinogenic strains, which further aids in the exclusion of specific foodborne pathogens. Since bacteriocinogenic strains are sought after, it is equally important to understand the mechanism of bacteriocin regulation.
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution as a Means To Generate Lactococcus lactis Strains with Improved Thermotolerance and Ability To Autolyze
Authors: Dorau Robin , Chen Jun , Liu Jianming , Ruhdal Jensen Peter , Solem Christian
Published: August 2021

In commercial mesophilic starter cultures,
L. lactis
is generally more thermotolerant than
Lactococcus cremoris
, whereas
L. cremoris
is more prone to autolysis, which is the key to flavor and aroma formation. In this study, we found that adaptation to higher thermotolerance can improve autolysis.
High Salinity Inhibits Soil Bacterial Community Mediating Nitrogen Cycling
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Achen , Wan Wenjie , Luo Xuesong , Zheng Liuxia , He Guangwen , Huang Daqing , Chen Wenli , Huang Qiaoyun
Published: August 2021

Revealing the response of the soil bacterial community to external environmental disturbances is an important but poorly understood topic in microbial ecology. In this study, we evaluated the effect of high salinity on the bacterial community composition and key biogeochemical processes in salinized agricultural soils (0.22 to 19.98 dS m
−1
).
Lack of N-Terminal Segment of the Flagellin Protein Results in the Production of a Shortened Polar Flagellum in the Deep-Sea Sedimentary Bacterium
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. Strain SM9913
Authors: Sheng Qi , Liu Si-Min , Cheng Jun-Hui , Li Chun-Yang , Fu Hui-Hui , Zhang Xi-Ying , Song Xiao-Yan , McMinn Andrew , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Su Hai-Nan , Chen Xiu-Lan
Published: August 2021

Polar flagella, which are essential organelles for bacterial motility, are comprised of multiple flagellin subunits. A flagellin molecule contains an N-terminal segment, a core segment, and a C-terminal segment.
A Career's Work, the
l
-Arabinose Operon: How It Functions and How We Learned It
Authors: Schleif Robert
Published: August 2021

Very few labs have had the good fortune to have been able to focus for more than 50 years on a relatively narrow research topic and to be in a field in which both basic knowledge and the research technology and methods have progressed as rapidly as they have in molecular biology. My research group, first at Brandeis University and then at Johns Hopkins University, has had this opportunity.
Azithromycin and Doxycycline Resistance Profiles of U.S. Mycoplasma genitalium Strains and Their Association with Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Wood Gwendolyn E. , Jensen Nicole L. , Astete Sabina , Jensen Jørgen S. , Kenny George E. , Khosropour Christine M. , Gillespie Catherine W. , Manhart Lisa E. , Totten Patricia A.
Published: August 2021

Mycoplasma genitalium
is a sexually transmitted bacterium associated with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men and cervicitis, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Effective treatment is challenging due to the inherent, and increasingly acquired, antibiotic resistance in this pathogen.
A New Type of Satellite Associated with Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses
Authors: Aimone Catherine D. , De León Leandro , Dallas Mary M. , Ndunguru Joseph , Ascencio-Ibáñez José T. , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda
Published: August 2021

Cassava is an important root crop in the developing world and a food and income crop for more than 300 million African farmers. Cassava is rising in global importance and trade as the demands for biofuels and commercial starch increase.
Cellular Protein HuR Regulates the Switching of Genomic RNA Templates for Differential Functions during the Coxsackievirus B3 Life Cycle
Authors: George Biju , Dave Pratik , Rani Priya , Behera Padmanava , Das Saumitra
Published: August 2021

A positive-strand RNA virus must balance the availability of its genomic template for different viral processes at different stages of its life cycle. A few host proteins are shown to be important to help the virus in switching the usage of a template between these processes.
Synergistic Block of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Combined Drug Inhibition of the Host Entry Factors PIKfyve Kinase and TMPRSS2 Protease
Authors: Kreutzberger Alex J. B. , Sanyal Anwesha , Ojha Ravi , Pyle Jesse D. , Vapalahti Olli , Balistreri Giuseppe , Kirchhausen Tom
Published: August 2021

Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) global pandemic. There are ongoing efforts to uncover effective antiviral agents that could mitigate the severity of the disease by controlling the ensuing viral replication.
Comprehensive Characterization of COVID-19 Patients with Repeatedly Positive SARS-CoV-2 Tests Using a Large U.S. Electronic Health Record Database
Authors: Dong Xiao , Zhou Yujia , Shu Xiao-ou , Bernstam Elmer V. , Stern Rebecca , Aronoff David M. , Xu Hua , Lipworth Loren
Published: August 2021

The comprehensive characterization of clinical and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing data for patients with repeatedly positive SARS-CoV-2 tests can help prioritize suspected cases of reinfection for investigation in the absence of sequencing data and for continued surveillance of the potential long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Impact of Bacterial Biofilms on End-Organ Disease and Mortality in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Developing a Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Di Domenico Enea Gino , Marchesi Francesco , Cavallo Ilaria , Toma Luigi , Sivori Francesca , Papa Elena , Spadea Antonio , Cafarella Giuseppina , Terrenato Irene , Prignano Grazia , Pimpinelli Fulvia , Mastrofrancesco Arianna , D’Agosto Giovanna , Trento Elisabetta , Morrone Aldo , Mengarelli Andrea , Ensoli Fabrizio
Published: August 2021

Bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) is a significant complication in hematologic patients and is associated with high mortality rates. Despite improvements in BSI management, factors leading to sepsis are understood only partially.
Field and petrographic reconnaissance of Franciscan complex rocks of Mount Diablo, California: Imbricated ocean floor stratigraphy with a roof exhumation fault system
Authors: Wakabayashi John
Published: August 2021

Franciscan subduction complex rocks of Mount Diablo form a 8.5 by 4.5 km tectonic window, elongated E-W and fault-bounded to the north and south by rocks of the Coast Range ophiolite and Great Valley Group, respectively, which lack the burial metamorphism and deformation displayed by the Franciscan complex. Most of the Franciscan complex consists of a stack of lawsonite-albite–facies pillow basalt overlain successively by chert and clastic sedimentary rocks, repeated by faults at hundreds of meters to <1 m spacing. Widely distributed mélange zones from 0.5 to 300 m thick containing high-grade (including amphibolite and eclogite) assemblages and other exotic blocks, up to 120 m size, form a small fraction of exposures. Nearly all clastic rocks have a foliation, parallel to faults that repeat the various lithologies, whereas chert and basalt lack foliation. Lawsonite grew parallel to foliation and as later grains across foliation. The Franciscan-bounding faults, collectively called the Coast Range fault, strike ENE to WNW and dip northward at low to moderate average angles and collectively form a south-vergent overturned anticline. Splays of the Coast Range fault also cut into the Franciscan strata and Coast Range ophiolite and locally form the Coast Range ophiolite–Great Valley Group boundary. Dip discordance between the Coast Range fault and overlying Great Valley Group strata indicates that the northern and southern Coast Range fault segments were normal faults with opposite dip directions, forming a structural dome. These relationships suggest accretion and fault stacking of the Franciscan complex, followed by exhumation along the Coast Range fault and then folding of the Coast Range fault.
Miocene stratigraphy and structure of the East Bay Hills, California
Authors: Wagner J. Ross , Deino Alan , Edwards Stephen W. , Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M. , Wan Elmira
Published: August 2021

The structure and stratigraphy of the Miocene formations east of San Francisco Bay have been described in multiple studies for over a century. We integrated the results of past investigations and provide new data that improve understanding of formation age, the timing of deformation, and the amount of dextral displacement on selected faults. New geologic mapping and better age control show that formations previously inferred to be separate units of different ages are correlative, and new names are proposed for these units. Miocene structures associated with the development of the San Andreas transform system exerted significant control on Miocene deposition in the East Bay area. The developing structure created five distinct stratigraphic sections that are differentiated on the basis of differences in the stratigraphic sequence, lithology, and age. The stratigraphic changes are attributed to significant dextral displacement, syndepositional faulting, and distal interfingering of sediment from tectonically elevated source areas. New stratigraphic evaluations and age control show that prior to ca. 6 Ma, the developing fault system created local tectonically induced uplift as well as spatially restricted subbasins. Regional folding did not occur until after 6 Ma. Past evaluations have inferred significant dextral displacement on some of the faults in the East Bay. The spatial relationships between unique conglomerate clasts and known source areas, as well as the distribution of well-dated and unique tuffs, suggest that dextral displacement on some faults in the East Bay is less than previously reported.
Impact of the Step-by-Step on febrile infants
Authors: Gomez Borja , Fernandez-Uria Amaia , Benito Javier , Lejarzegi Ainara , Mintegi Santiago
Published: August 2021

Objective

To evaluate the impact of introducing the Step-by-Step approach on care quality in young febrile infants.

Design

Observational study including infants ≤90 days old with fever without source seen in a paediatric emergency department 5 years before (n=1222) and after (n=1151) its introduction. Quality of care was evaluated in terms of adherence to recommendations, resource use and safety.

Results

Adherence: percentages of infants undergoing both urine and blood tests and infants <15 days old receiving full sepsis evaluation increased (84.7% vs 91.0% and 23.9% vs 63.3%, respectively; p<0.01). Resource use: lumbar puncture and admission rates decreased (24.1% vs 18.7% and 43.6% vs 38.3%, respectively; p<0.01), while the rate of antibiotic therapy increased (30.2% vs 43.2%; p<0.01). Safety: the invasive bacterial infection rate among infants managed as outpatients was unchanged (0.7% vs 0.3%; p=0.24).

Conclusion

The introduction of the Step-by-Step increased the quality of care provided to young febrile infants.
Oral morphine in advanced cancer
Authors: Robert Twycross , Sylvia Lack
Published: August 2021

Oral morphine has greatly helped the management of pain in patients with cancer, but it is often not used in the best way.lThis 34-page booklet for doctors and nurses, written in question-and-answer form, explains in detail how to use morphine most effectively.
Joint associations of depression, genetic susceptibility and the area of residence for coronary heart disease incidence
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Korhonen Kaarina , Lahtinen Hannu , Jelenkovic Aline , Havulinna Aki S , Ripatti Samuli , Salomaa Veikko , Davey Smith George , Martikainen Pekka
Published: August 2021

Background

Depression is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but less is known whether genetic susceptibility to CHD or regional-level social indicators modify this association.

Methods

Risk factors of CHD including a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) were measured for 19 999 individuals residing in Finland in 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 (response rates 60%–75%). During the register-based follow-up until 2015, there were 1381 fatal and non-fatal incident CHD events. Unemployment rate, degree of urbanisation and crime rate of the municipality of residence were used as regional level social indicators. HRs were calculated using register-based antidepressant purchases as a non-reversible time-dependent covariate.

Results

Those having depression and in the highest quartile of PRS had somewhat higher CHD risk than predicted only by the main effects of depression and PRS (HR for interaction 1.53, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.45). Depression was moderately associated with CHD in high crime (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.90) and weakly in low crime regions (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.33; p value of interaction=0.087). Otherwise, we did not found evidence for interactions.

Conclusions

Those having both depression and high genetic susceptibility need a special attention in healthcare for CHD.
Bioenergy yield of Eucalyptus urophylla clones and its relationship with the mean annual increment of wood volume
Authors: da Silva Bruna Isabele Pinheiro , Santos Alyne Chaveiro , da Silva Macksuel Fernandes , de Moraes Mariana Dianese Alves , Sette Carlos Roberto
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the energy yield and wood characteristics of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake clones with different mean annual increment (MAI) of wood volume. The clones presented MAIs of 39.2, 54.1, and 70.0 m3·ha−1·year−1 in the field experiment at 6 years after planting when the trees were cut down to evaluate the wood basic density and higher heating values. The energy density, dry mass, and energy yield were estimated. The MAI of E. urophylla clones influenced the wood basic density, dry mass, and energy yield, but did not influence the higher heating value and energy density. Clone 3 had the highest MAI as well as higher energy yield and dry mass, but lower wood basic density. The difference between the most and the least productive clones was 242 648 MJ·ha−1·year−1. The results reinforce the importance of evaluating the wood quantity production (MAI) when selecting E. urophylla clones for energy purposes.
Gluon propagators in $$2+1$$ lattice QCD with nonzero isospin chemical potential
Authors: Bornyakov V. G. , Nikolaev A. A. , Rogalyov R. N. , Terentev A. S.
Published: August 2021

The static longitudinal and transverse gluon propagators in the Landau gauge are studied in $$2+1$$

2
+
1

lattice QCD with nonzero isospin chemical potential $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

. Parameterization of the momentum dependence of the propagators is provided for all values of the chemical potential under study. We find that the longitudinal propagator is infrared suppressed at nonzero $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

with suppression increasing with increasing $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

. It is found, respectively, that the electric screening mass is increasing with increasing $$\mu _I$$

μ
I

. Additionally, we analyze the difference between two propagators as a function of the momentum and thus compare interactions in chromoelectric and chromomagnetic sectors.
Non-commutative space engine: A boost to thermodynamic processes
Authors: Pandit Tanmoy , Chattopadhyay Pritam , Paul Goutam
Published: August 2021

We introduce quantum heat engines that perform quantum Otto cycle and the quantum Stirling cycle by using a coupled pair of harmonic oscillator as its working substance. In the quantum regime, different working medium is considered for the analysis of the engine models to boost the efficiency of the cycles. In this work, we present Otto and Stirling cycle in the quantum realm where the phase space is non-commutative in nature. By using the notion of quantum thermodynamics, we develop the thermodynamic variables in non-commutative phase space. We encounter a catalytic effect (boost) on the efficiency of the engine in non-commutative space (i.e. we encounter that the Stirling cycle reaches near to the efficiency of the ideal cycle) when compared with the commutative space. Moreover, we obtained a notion that the working medium is much more effective for the analysis of the Stirling cycle than that of the Otto cycle.
Synchronizability analysis of three kinds of dynamical weighted fractal networks
Authors: Li Jian-Hui , Liu Jin-Long , Yu Zu-Guo , Li Bao-Gen , Huang Da-Wen
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study the synchronizability of three kinds of dynamical weighted fractal networks (WFNs). These WFNs are weighted Cantor-dust networks, weighted Sierpinski networks and weighted Koch networks. We calculated some features of these WFNs, including average distance ([Formula: see text]), fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]), information dimension ([Formula: see text]), correlation dimension ([Formula: see text]). We analyze two representative types of synchronizable dynamical networks (the type-I and the type-II). There are two indexes ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) that can be used to characterize the synchronizability of the two types of dynamical network. Here, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the minimum nonzero eigenvalue and the maximum eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of the network, respectively. We find that the larger scaling factor [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] implies stronger synchronizability for the type-I dynamical WFNs.
Diffuse relaxation approximation in a heated Fermi system
Authors: Lukyanov S. V.
Published: August 2021

An expression for the two-particle relaxation time of collective excitations on a distorted Fermi surface in the diffusion approach to kinetic theory is obtained. The general case of momentum-dependent diffusion and drift coefficients is considered. The temperature dependence of the obtained expression is established.
Study on Earthquake-Induced Sloshing Waves in Moraine-Dammed Lakes
Authors: Zhang Cong , Yao Lingkan
Published: August 2021

Large surface water waves can be triggered in moraine-dammed lakes during earthquakes and may lead to the overtopping failure of moraine dams. In the earthquake-prone Himalayas, there are thousands of moraine-dammed lakes; their outburst may lead to catastrophic disasters (e.g. floods and debris flow), posing severe threats to humans and infrastructures downstream. This paper experimentally studied earthquake-induced water waves (EWWs) in moraine-dammed lakes and examined the effects of several factors (e.g. water depth, earthquake parameters, and uneven lake basin). The experimental results suggest that the EWWs positively correlate to the earthquake wave, and the maximum height of the EWWs increases by 10%–15% when the effect of the uneven lake basin is considered. Based on the experiment data, we derived a calculation equation to estimate the maximum amplitude of EWWs considering the basin effect, and proposed a fast risk assessment method for moraine lakes due to overtopping EWWs. Finally, based on the method, we assessed the failure risk of the moraine lakes located in the Gyirong river basin where the China–Nepal corridor crosses. The study broadens understandings of the risk source of moraine-dammed lakes.
Long-term landform evolution
Authors: Migoń Piotr
Published: August 2021

This chapter reviews major advances in studies of long-term landform evolution in the last few decades of the twentieth century. These include in particular the development of the etchplanation concept, which evolved into a dynamic approach linking inheritance, environmental change and contemporary processes, realization of the importance of weathering mantles in deciphering landscape evolution over long timescales, recognition of varying ancient landforms, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, and insights into preglacial landscapes at high latitudes that survived successive glaciations.
Plasminogen activator receptor assemblies in cell signaling, innate immunity, and inflammation
Authors: Gonias Steven L.
Published: August 2021

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are serine proteases and major activators of fibrinolysis in mammalian systems. Because fibrinolysis is an essential component of the response to tissue injury, diverse cells, including cells that participate in the response to injury, have evolved receptor systems to detect tPA and uPA and initiate appropriate cell-signaling responses. Formation of functional receptor systems for the plasminogen activators requires assembly of diverse plasma membrane proteins, including but not limited to: the urokinase receptor (uPAR); integrins; N-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). The cell-signaling responses elicited by tPA and uPA impact diverse aspects of cell physiology. This review describes rapidly evolving knowledge regarding the structure and function of plasminogen activator receptor assemblies. How these receptor assemblies regulate innate immunity and inflammation is then considered.
miR-128 participates in the pathogenesis of chronic constipation by regulating the p38α/M-CSF inflammatory signaling pathway
Authors: Hong Yuntian , Ren Xianghai , Liu Weicheng , Sun Kongliang , Chen Baoxiang , Liu Bo , Yu Xueqiao , Chen Quanjiao , Qian Qun , Xie Xiaoyu , Jiang Congqing
Published: August 2021

In this study, we constructed a murine model and identified a novel signaling mechanism involved in the chronic constipation progression. Our findings on the role of miR-128/p38α/M-CSF axis provide new insights into the treatment of chronic constipation.
LL-37 and HMGB1 induce alveolar damage and reduce lung tissue regeneration via RAGE
Authors: Pouwels Simon D. , Hesse Laura , Wu Xinhui , Allam Venkata Sita Rama Raju , van Oldeniel Daan , Bhiekharie Linsey J. , Phipps Simon , Oliver Brian G. , Gosens Reinoud , Sukkar Maria B. , Heijink Irene H.
Published: August 2021

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is still unknown whether RAGE directly contributes to alveolar epithelial damage and abnormal repair responses. We hypothesize that RAGE activation not only induces lung tissue damage but also hampers alveolar epithelial repair responses. The effects of the RAGE ligands LL-37 and HMGB1 were examined on airway inflammation and alveolar tissue damage in wild-type and RAGE-deficient mice and on lung damage and repair responses using murine precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and organoids. In addition, their effects were studied on the repair response of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, using siRNA knockdown of RAGE and treatment with the RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1. We observed that intranasal installation of LL-37 and HMGB1 induces RAGE-dependent inflammation and severe alveolar tissue damage in mice within 6 h, with stronger effects in a mouse strain susceptible for emphysema compared with a nonsusceptible strain. In PCLS, RAGE inhibition reduced the recovery from elastase-induced alveolar tissue damage. In organoids, RAGE ligands reduced the organoid-forming efficiency and epithelial differentiation into pneumocyte-organoids. Finally, in A549 cells, we confirmed the role of RAGE in impaired repair responses upon exposure to LL-37. Together, our data indicate that activation of RAGE by its ligands LL-37 and HMGB1 induces acute lung tissue damage and that this impedes alveolar epithelial repair, illustrating the therapeutic potential of RAGE inhibitors for lung tissue repair in emphysema.
TLR4 is required for macrophage efferocytosis during resolution of ventilator-induced lung injury
Authors: Su Kai , Bo Lulong , Jiang Chunling , Deng Xiaoming , Zhao You-Yang , Minshall Richard D. , Hu Guochang
Published: August 2021

Mechanical ventilation is a life-sustaining therapy for patients with respiratory failure but can cause further lung damage known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). However, the intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying recovery of VILI remain unknown. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (also known as efferocytosis) is a key mechanism orchestrating successful resolution of inflammation. Here we show the positive regulation of macrophage Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in efferocytosis and resolution of VILI. Mice were depleted of alveolar macrophages and then subjected to injurious ventilation (tidal volume, 20 mL/kg) for 4 h. On day 1 after mechanical ventilation, Tlr4+/+ or Tlr4−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were intratracheally administered to alveolar macrophage-depleted mice. We observed that mice depleted of alveolar macrophages exhibited defective resolution of neutrophilic inflammation, exuded protein, lung edema, and lung tissue injury after ventilation, whereas these delayed responses were reversed by administration of Tlr4+/+ BMDMs. Importantly, these proresolving effects by Tlr4+/+ BMDMs were abolished in mice receiving Tlr4−/− BMDMs. The number of macrophages containing apoptotic cells or bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was much less in mice receiving Tlr4−/− BMDMs than that in those receiving Tlr4+/+ BMDMs. Macrophage TLR4 deletion facilitated a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 maturation and enhanced Mer cleavage in response to mechanical ventilation. Heat shock protein 70 dramatically increased Mer tyrosine kinase surface expression, phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, and rescued the inflammatory phenotype in alveolar macrophage-depleted mice receiving Tlr4+/+ BMDMs, but not Tlr4−/− BMDMs. Our results suggest that macrophage TLR4 promotes resolution of VILI via modulation of Mer-mediated efferocytosis.
Nesfatin-1 stimulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis hormones in goldfish
Authors: Pham Vi , Pemberton Joshua G. , Chang John P. , Blanco Ayelen Melisa , Nasri Atefeh , Unniappan Suraj
Published: August 2021

Stress in vertebrates is mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (in mammals)/interrenal (in fish) (HPA/I) axis, which produces the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosteroids, respectively. Nesfatin-1, a novel anorexigenic peptide encoded in the precursor nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), is increasingly acknowledged as a peptide that influences the stress axis in mammals. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the putative effects of nesfatin-1 on the fish HPI axis, using goldfish ( Carassius auratus) as an animal model. Our results demonstrated that nucb2/nesfatin-1 transcript abundance was detected in the HPI tissues of goldfish, with most abundant expression in the pituitary. NUCB2/nesfatin-1-like immunoreactivity was found in the goldfish hypothalamus, pituitary, and interrenal cells of the head kidney. GPCR12, a putative receptor for nesfatin-1, was also detected in the pituitary and interrenal cells. NUCB2/nesfatin-1-like immunoreactivity was observed in ACTH-expressing pituitary corticotrophs. Acute netting and restraint stress upregulated nucb2/nesfatin-1 mRNA levels in the forebrain, hypothalamus, and pituitary, as well as crf and crf-r1 expression in the forebrain and hypothalamus. Intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular administration of nesfatin-1 increased cortisol release and hypothalamic crf mRNA levels, respectively. Finally, we found that nesfatin-1 significantly stimulated ACTH secretion from dispersed pituitary cells in vitro. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence showing that nesfatin-1 is a stress responsive peptide, which modulates the stress axis hormones in fish.
Orexin contributes to eupnea within a critical period of postnatal development
Authors: Spinieli Richard L. , Ben Musa Ruwaida , Kielhofner Jane , Cornelius-Green Jennifer , Cummings Kevin J.
Published: August 2021

Orexin neurons are active in wakefulness and mostly silent in sleep. In adult rats and humans, orexin facilitates the hypercapnic ventilatory response but has little effect on resting ventilation. The influence of orexin on breathing in the early postnatal period, and across states of vigilance, have not been investigated. This is relevant as the orexin system may be impaired in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) cases. We addressed three hypotheses: 1) orexin provides a drive to breathe in infancy; 2) the effect of orexin depends on stage of postnatal development; and 3) orexin has a greater influence on breathing in wakefulness compared with sleep. Whole body plethysmography was used to monitor breathing of infant rats at three ages: postnatal days ( P) 7–8, 12–14, and 17–19. Respiratory variables were analyzed in wakefulness (W), quiet sleep (QS), and active sleep (AS), following suvorexant (5 mg/kg ip), a dual orexin receptor antagonist, or vehicle (DMSO). Effects of suvorexant on ventilatory responses to graded hypercapnia ([Formula: see text] = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06), hypoxia ([Formula: see text] = 0.10), and hyperoxia ([Formula: see text] = 1.0) at P12–14 were also tested. At P12–14, but not at other ages, suvorexant significantly reduced respiratory frequency in all states, reduced the ventilatory equivalent in QW and QS, and increased [Formula: see text] to ∼5 mmHg. Suvorexant had no effect on ventilatory responses to graded hypercapnia or hypoxia. Hyperoxia eliminated the effects of suvorexant on respiratory frequency at P12–14. Our data suggest that orexin preserves eupneic frequency and ventilation in rats, specifically at ∼2 wk of age, perhaps by facilitating tonic peripheral chemoreflex activity.
Disrupted basal ganglia output during movement preparation in hemiparkinsonian mice is consistent with behavioral deficits
Authors: Tekriwal Anand , Lintz Mario J. , Thompson John A. , Felsen Gidon
Published: August 2021

Movements of patients with Parkinson’s disease are often less impaired when guided by external stimuli than when generated based on internal goals. Whether this effect is due to distinct processing in the basal ganglia (BG) or due to compensation from other motor pathways is an open question with therapeutic implications. We recorded BG output in behaving parkinsonian mice and found that BG activity during movement preparation was consistent with the differences between these forms of movement.
Effect of racial background on motor cortical function as measured by threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Suzuki Yo-Ichi , Ma Yan , Shibuya Kazumoto , Misawa Sonoko , Suichi Tomoki , Tsuneyama Atsuko , Nakamura Keigo , Matamala José Manuel , Dharmadasa Thanuja , Vucic Steve , Fan Dongsheng , Kiernan Matthew C. , Kuwabara Satoshi
Published: August 2021

Threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TT-TMS) was applied for Caucasians, Han Chinese, and Japanese. No significant differences were found in TMS excitability indexes among races. Recent studies have disclosed that TT-TMS indexes differentiate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from ALS mimic disorders, with high sensitivity and specificity, in Caucasians. This study suggested that TT-TMS can be applied for the ALS diagnosis in Asian patients, as well as Caucasians.
The Effect of Shenyi Capsule on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Combined with Chemotherapy from the Yin-Yang Perspective
Authors: Cai Zhixing , Teng Yue , Chen Yue
Published: August 2021

As an example of Shenyi capsule on non-small-cell lung cancer combined with chemotherapy, this review discusses the synergistic effect and mechanism of natural drugs in oncotherapy from the yin-yang perspective in ancient Chinese philosophy, so as to reflect the therapeutic principle of natural drugs for tumor more comprehensively. The major focuses of this review are on the philosophical thinking of yin-yang as a tool which can not only explain the effect of Shenyi capsule in NSCLC combined with chemotherapy but also explore the mechanism of Shenyi capsule at the cellular and molecular level. Learning from the “yin-yang” thinking of ancient Chinese philosophy will bring more enlightenment to the research and development of traditional Chinese drugs in the future.