bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual Activity, Interest and Satisfaction in Older Women in Iran
Authors: Mardi Afrouz , Behboodi Moghadam Zahra , Ghafoori Faezeh , Refahi Soheila
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The world's population is aging and the issue of sexual activity in elderly people is still a taboo in many cultures. The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual activity, interest and satisfaction in older women attended the Health Care Centers in the city of Ardabil-Northern Iran. Method This Cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 married women over 60 years old who had been selected by convenient sampling method. Data were gathered anonymously by three questionnaires (Goldberg general health, FSFI and demographic information Questionnaires) and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: This study indicated that the mean age of participants was 71±6.8 years, 60% of the studied women had sexual activity and about half of them had interest in sex. Sexually active women were significantly younger (p<0.05) and more educated (p<0.001) than sexually inactive women. The participants’ sexual activity, interest in sex, emotional intimacy and sexual satisfaction with their husbands were significantly affected by the presence of children at home regardless of whether they are single or married (p<0.05).. Conclusion: This study approved that despite misconceptions, older age and sexuality do not contradict each other and high education and having a private environment facilitate the intimate relationships and elevate their sexual satisfaction. The result of this study could help health care providers to provide appropriate and effective sexual healthcare services to older women.
Study on Social Capital in Female Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Central Iran
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Saghafipour Abedin , Babakhanloo Saeideh , Soltani Nazanin , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Social capital refers to the norms and social organization that makes people to cooperate for gaining reciprocal advantages. Focusing of its importance on health, the aim of this study was to evaluate social capital in the female students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, central Iran. Method: A cross-sectional study was done on 359 female students of Arak University of Medical Sciences in the fields of medicine, public health, nursing, laboratory sciences, anesthesia and operation room using simple random sampling in 2018. Bullen Social capital questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results The results showed that among all the social capital issues, the highest average (57.18±91.81) is professional communication and the lowest average (33.19±93.49) is participation in social activities. Also social capital showed a significant association with variables such as educational level (p=0.01), marital status (p=0.03), first (mother) language (p=0.01), and family size (p=0.03). Conclusion: Considering that social capital has a significant association with variables such educational and demographic, interventions by stakeholders may increase the social capital.
Bioethics: a look at animal testing in medicine and cosmetics in the UK
Authors: Kabene Stefane , Baadel Said
Published: December 2019

Using animals for cosmetics and medical tests has contributed towards a debate based on conflicting interests. Despite the efforts in justifying the value of animals in conducting analyses, this study seeks to elaborate whether or not it is rational to use animals as test subjects in medical and cosmetics fields. The value of animal life is at the core of the emotional conflicts that arise when animals become experimental subjects in medical and cosmetics fields. The aim of this study is to determine if there are ethical differences in the use of animal testing in medicine versus cosmetics. The research, through review and content analysis of the existing literature, compares and provides the outcomes of using animals in medical and cosmetics tests by examining studies conducted in the UK. The findings of this research indicated that animal testing is considered acceptable in the medical field only if there are no other alternatives, but is completely unacceptable in the cosmetics field. The study also provides recommendations in the form of alternatives that protect animals from cruelty and may benefit the different stakeholders and the society at large
New Anti-Influenza Agents: Targeting the Virus Entry and Genome Transcription
Authors: Shahsavandi Shahla , Ebrahimi Nikdokht
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The emergence and spread of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in 2009 indicates a limitation in the strategy to control the infection, despite a long-established vaccination programme and approved antivirals. Production the proper vaccine against influenza is difficult due to the genetic recombination of virus in the event of pandemic and co-circulation of drug-resistance variants highlights the need for the development of new effective and broad-spectrum influenza therapies. Currently, the investigations lie on viral attachment and entry inhibitors, and more attention focuses on viral genome replication and transcription inhibitors in such a way that selective pressure applied by the use of antiviral drugs has covered against all strains. In this review, the novel antiviral agents that targeted the virus-cell membrane attachment, and transcription of the viral genome are discussed
Relative Frequency of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder in the Patients with Mandibular Fracture in Yazd City during 2015-2017
Authors: Gavahi Mostafa , keyhan Omid , Abbaszadeh Farzane
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) has a high prevalence in societies, taking into account subclinical symptoms, which can affect significantly the quality of life of individuals. The history of trauma to the joint or chin includes events leading to TMD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of TMD in the patients with mandibular fracture in Yazd city, Iran, during 2015-2017.
Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study examined the data of 295 patients with mandibular trauma that referred to trauma management centers in Yazd during 2015-2017. The patients' information was recorded in the questionnaires consisting age, gender, cause of trauma, type and location of fracture, type of treatment and type of TMD. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Results: The study included 225 males and 70 females. The mean age of the patients was 25 years. In addition, the relative frequency of temporomandibular joint sounds and mandibular deviation in mouth opening was greater than other disorders.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the mandibular fracture caused by traffic collision seems to increase the risk of TMD.
Age-Related Alteration in Serum Adiponectin in Rats and Its Association with Insulin Resistance Markers
Authors: Feyzi Marziyeh , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Shariati Mehrdad , Edalatmanesh Mohammad Amin
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Adiponectin is one of the most important adipose derived hormone that conflicting data are available about serum changes of adiponectin at different ages.The present study was done to determine the age related changes in serum adiponectin and its association with insulin resistance (IR) indices in aging in male rats.
Methods: In this study, serum samples were obtained from male rats at different ages, including 2, 5, 10, 18, 52 and 72 weeks age (n=10 in each age group). Oral glucose tolerance and glucose stimulated insulin secretion tests were measured using determination of glucose concentrations at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after oral ingestion of glucose (1 mg/kg body weight) for each animal. Serum adiponectin and insulin levels were determined using species specific ELISA kits. HOMA-IR was calculated based on glucose and insulin concentrations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) also using one way analysis of variance and LSD posthoc tests.
Results: Our results showed an age dependent decrease in serum adiponectin concentration, and 72-week old rats had the lowest level of adiponectin compared with those in other ages (p<0.05). IR indices, including fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and response to oral glucose ingestion was increased in an age dependent manner and 72-week old rats showed the highest levels of the IR indices.
Conclusion: Regarding the role of adiponectin in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitization, it seems that reduction of serum adiponectin with age progression may be an important mechanism of insulin resistance in aging.
SCHOOL PROBLEMS IN THE EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GIFTED CHILDREN: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: F. Gali Gulnara , I. Fakhrutdinov Bulat , Z. Shakhnina Irina , N. Zagladina Elena
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the Study: The urgency of the problem under investigation is due to the fact that the issue of gifted students’ education is one of the most difficult and interesting aspects of contemporary pedagogy. The purpose of the article is to identify the psychological characteristics of the gifted students’ development. In this article, the school difficulties of gifted students are revealed and the causes of internal and external nature are analyzed. The authors pay special attention to the social and emotional consequences, which can be rather destructive if appropriate assistance is not provided by teachers, psychologists, and parents.

Methodology: The leading approach to the study of this problem is a method of theoretical analysis and synthesis of social, political and psycho-pedagogical literature.

Results: The main result of the study is a theoretical analysis of the relationship between learning and the development of gifted children and their psychological characteristics.

Application: The materials of the article can be useful for teachers, students and a wide range of readers interested in the problems of gifted students’ education.
Methods of Calculation of Performance Indicators of Spacecraft Flight Control Systems
Authors: Panteleymonov I.N. , Potyupkin A.Y. , Trankov V.M. , Panteleymonova A.V. , Filatov V.V. , Todurkin V.V.
Published: December 2019

The article examines the problem of developing methods for evaluation of the effectiveness of space systems in flight. The criteria of spacecraft control efficiency are introduced, justified and calculated on examples. The accessibility and operational efficiency of on-board instrumentation, labour costs associated with the preparation and execution of communication and control sessions as well as reliability of communication systems are set as the main criteria of efficiency. As an example, the criteria of efficiency of space systems controlled with and without relay satellites are calculated. A comparative analysis of various approaches to the realization of space system in-flight control is performed. The developed methods can be used as a tool to evaluate the efficiency of space system in-flight control.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PATIENT SATISFACTION AND PEOPLE EQUITY AMONG PARAMEDIC STAFFS IN INPATIENT ROOMS
Authors: Puspitasari Sendhi Tristanti
Published: December 2019

Background: One of the elements controlling the quality of hospital health services is patient and employee satisfaction. The mean value of patient satisfaction with all parameters of inpatient rooms at the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya from January to August 2016 was 61.3% which is less than the standard of ≥ 90%. Whereas, people equity is a concept of human resource management that signs organizational performance.Aims: This study examined the correlation between patient satisfaction and people equity among paramedic staffs especially in inpatient rooms of the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya.Methods: This study focused on measuring people equity, patient satisfaction, and the correlation between people satisfaction and people equity. The questionnaire used in this study adopted RATER dimensions (Reliability, Assurance, Tangible, Empathy, and Responsiveness).Results: The study found that three inpatient rooms (Muzdalifah, Arofah, and Shofa) did not meet three elements of people equity (Alignment, Capabilities, and Engagement). Patient satisfaction with the inpatient rooms was good, except for the tangible dimension especially room cleanliness which is still relatively low. People equity among the paramedic staff has strong relevance and is directly proportional to patient satisfaction with the inpatient rooms of the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya.Conclusion: Internalizing an organizational culture that considers patient satisfaction and patient equity among paramedic staffs is essential to harmonize the goals, vision, and mission between the hospital and its staffs. This study recommends that there should be a more serious evaluation of the cleanliness of all service units at the Islamic Hospital in Surabaya.Keywords: Patient satisfaction, People equity, Human Resource Management, Service performance.
Técnica estendida para flauta transversal e criatividade transformacional
Authors: Castello Branco Marta Cardoso , Queiroz João
Published: December 2019

O sistema Boehm fornece um padrão estável para construção da flauta transversal, criando um espaço estruturado de ideias concebíveis. Este espaço está relacionado ao incremento tecnológico, metalúrgico e ao desenvolvimento de chaves e sapatilhas na flauta. O sistema incorpora uma “disposição para ação”, ou um “padrão estruturado de restrições”. O surgimento de técnicas estendidas para flauta transversal constitui um caso exemplar para investigação de fenômenos de criatividade transformacional, de sua dependência de artefatos cognitivos (notações e instrumentos) e da transformação produzida em espaços conceituais específicos. Mas a expansão técnica atua com grande variabilidade. Nós examinamos aqui exemplos paradigmáticos do repertório de técnicas estendidas para flauta transversal. Na obra Voice, de Toru Takemitsu (1971), a técnica estendida foi desenvolvida a partir de parâmetros vocais relacionados à fala, enquanto em Das atmende Klarsein (1981), de Luigi Nono, a escrita para flauta é transformada pelo aparato eletrônico. Nestes casos, observamos episódios de criatividade transformacional, que correspondem à criação de espaços conceituais, cuja continuidade se observa no repertório posterior para o instrumento.
Pedagogical Affection in Didactics of Mathematics - Amazonas Region from the Phenomenology Perspective
Authors: Zumaeta Arista Segundo , Fuster Guillen Doris , Ocaña Fernández Yolvi
Published: December 2019

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito analizar las experiencias vividas en la didáctica de la matemática de los docentes de la región Amazonas, cuyo significado emergente fue el afecto pedagógico en la enseñanza entendida como un proceso por el cual dos o más personas realizan una interacción social, una de las pasiones que el ánimo presenta. El estudio fue realizado con los procesos del método fenomenológico hermenéutico, con una muestra por criterio de cinco docentes del área; las técnicas utilizadas son observación de cerca y entrevista conversacional. El instrumento para recoger los testimonios  de cada docente y reflexionar fue la anécdota. De ellas emergieron unidades temáticas como la preocupación, la confianza, la humildad, la esperanza, la empatía, entre otras, y como significado general  el afecto. De las experiencias vividas por los docentes emerge la afectividad en la enseñanza de la matemática, la que conduce a buenas relaciones personales, brinda esperanza, color y sentido a los aprendizajes, a los actos y a la vida misma del estudiante.

 
Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Emulgel Ekstrak Etanol Daging Buah Limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.) Müll. Arg.)
Authors: Ratnapuri Prima Happy , Haitami Fajrina , Fitriana Mia
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Ekstrak etanol daging buah limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.). Müll. Arg.) telah teruji memiliki aktivitas tabir surya secara in vitro, sehingga diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan emulgel dengan variasi konsentrasi (% b/b) ekstrak etanol daging B.lanceolata FI (4%), FII (5%) dan FIII (6%). Sediaan emulgel yang telah dibuat selanjutnya perlu dilakukan uji stabilitas fisik saat penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan stabilitas fisik sediaan emulgel ekstrak etanol daging buah B. lanceolata selama penyimpanan. Uji stabilitas fisik dilakukan selama 28 hari pada suhu tinggi 40°±2°C dan suhu ruang 28°C±2°C dengan evaluasi meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat dan uji viskositas pada hari ke-0, 7, 14, 21 dan 28. Analisis secara statistik dilakukan dengan software SPSS 21 pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian pada formula I, II, dan III dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan selama 28 hari pada suhu tinggi 40°±2°C dan ruang 28°C±2°C tidak mempengaruhi kestabilan pH, viskositas, daya sebar dan daya lekat gel (p>0,050). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulgel ekstrak etanol daging B. lanceolata stabil secara fisik selama 28 hari pada suhu tinggi 40°±2°C dan suhu ruang 28°C±2°C. Kata Kunci: Baccaurea lanceolata, ekstrak etanol, emulgel, stabilitas fisik.  ABSTRACT Limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.). Müll. Arg.) fructus ethanol extract has been reported as sunscreen activity by in vitro test, so that it could be formulated in sunscreen product with their concentration variances FI (4%), FII (5%) and FIII (6%) (% b/b). The further this preparation needs to be tested for physical stability during storage. This study aimed to determine the emulgel stability physically of B.lanceolata fructus ethanol extract during storage. Physical stability test was performed at high temperature 40°±2°C and room temperature of 28°±2oC during 28 days with evaluation including organoleptic, pH, dispersive, adhesion power and viscosity test on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Statistical analysis, SPSS 21 software at 95% confidence level. This study results, formula I, II, and III with their concentration variances showed that storage for 28 days at high temperature 40°±2°C and 28°±2° C didn’t affect the pH, viscosity, dispersive, adhesion power stability (p>0,050). The conclusion of this study showed that the emulgel preparation of B. lanceolata fructus ethanol extract were physically stable for 28 days at high temperature of 40°±2°C and room temperature of 28°C±2°C. Keywords: Baccaurea lanceolata, ethanol extract, emulgel, physical stability
Optimization of PID controller parameters for active control of single degree of freedom structures
Authors: Ulusoy Serdar , Niğdeli Sinan Melih , Bekdaş Gebrail
Published: December 2019

In active control of structures, the parameters of controllers used application must be perfectly tuned. In that case, a good vibration reduction performance can be obtained without a stability problem. During the tuning process, the limit of control force and time delay of controller system must be considered for applicable design. In the study, the optimum parameters of Proportional-Derivative-Integral (PID) type controllers that are proportional gain (K), integral time (Ti) and derivative time (Td) were optimized by using teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO). TLBO is a metaheuristic algorithm imitating the teaching and learning phases of education in classroom. The optimization was done according to the responses of the structure under a directivity pulse of near fault ground motions. In the study, time delay was considered as 20 ms and the optimum parameters of PID controller for a single degree of freedom (SDOF) structural model was found for different control force limits. The performances and feasibility of the method were evaluated by using sets of near fault earthquake records.
Materiais para o ensino e a aprendizagem de matemática e os Centros de Vivências Lúdicas: : Oficinas Pedagógicas da rede pública de ensino do Distrito Federal
Authors: Souza Monica Menezes de , Oliveira Batista Carmyra , Policarpo Fagundes de Carvalho Rosália , Simões Costa dos Santos Edilene
Published: December 2019

Neste trabalho objetivou-se apresentar as Oficinas Pedagógicas (OPs) como lócus para produção de materiais de ensino e de aprendizagem e para formação continuada de professores da rede pública do Distrito Federal (DF). Utilizou-se como referencial teórico Alferes e Mainardes (2011), Fiscarelli (2008), Gallego e Jiménez (2012) e Souza (2013). Como exemplo dos materiais utilizados no trabalho dessas OPs, elegemos o Tangram para análise e verificamos os saberes, os valores e os significados construídos em torno de sua utilização. Concluímos que as OPs são um espaço permanente e disponível aos professores, mantendo seus cursos alicerçados no fazer manual, com a ludicidade como eixo, sendo provocadoras de autoformação e formação coletiva prático-teórica e experiencial.
Bibliometric Mapping of Emotional Labor Studies in Public Administration
Authors: Hsieh Chih-Wei , Guy Mary E. , Wang Daan
Published: December 2019

Although emotional labor is increasingly recognized as an essential element in public service delivery (and more generally in the citizen–state encounter), research into emotional labor is at an incipient stage. Therefore, to aid theory development and empirical testing, in this article we use bibliometric mapping to reveal the intellectual networks and paths that emotional labor research has followed in its early diffusion into the field. Four network maps are drawn: one showing the co-authorship network of emotional labor studies, one showing the co-citation network, one showing the network of co-cited scholars, and one showing keyword co-occurrence. These maps reveal gaps that enable and encourage future researchers to move forward with further investigation and theory building. Additionally, this article serves as a model for how other subfields of inquiry can be similarly mapped and how this technique can be used to reflect the diffusion of knowledge within and across disciplines.
Modeling of Subsurface Velocity Structures from Seismic Bedrock to Ground Surface in the Tokai Region, Japan, for Broadband Strong Ground Motion Prediction
Authors: Wakai Atsushi , Senna Shigeki , Jin Kaoru , Yatagai Atsushi , Suzuki Haruhiko , Inagaki Yoshiaki , Matsuyama Hisanori , Fujiwara Hiroyuki ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   OYO Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
Published: December 2019

For sophistication of strong ground motion prediction in terms of disaster mitigation, one of the principal issues is to model subsurface velocity structures so that characteristics of earthquake ground motions can be reproduced in the broadband range 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz. In recent years, subsurface structures have been modeled in sedimentary layers on seismic bedrock for a few regions of Japan, in a national project. In this study, subsurface velocity structures were modeled from seismic bedrock to the ground surface for the Tokai region. These models were constructed in accordance with the subsurface velocity structure modeling scheme published by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion. To begin with, initial models were constructed based on existing bore-hole data, geological information, etc. Next, they were improved based on results of microtremor explorations which had been conducted in recent years. It was found that the new model had different characteristics to the conventional model. This paper will present the modeling process and characteristics of distribution maps for velocity structures and amplification index.
Problems in Earthquake Resistance Evaluation of Gabion Retaining Wall Based on Shake Table Test with Full-Scale Model
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi , Usukura Kazuya , Hara Tadashi , Suetsugu Daisuke , Kuribayashi Kentaro , Nishi Tsuyoshi , Kimura Shun , Shimomura Shoji ,   Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Division, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC), Okayama, Japan,   Kochi University, Kochi, Japan,   University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,   Construction Project Consultants Inc., Tokyo, Japan,   Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC), Tokyo, Japan,   Daioh Shinyo Co., Ltd., Kochi, Japan
Published: December 2019

The earthquake (Mw 7.3) that struck Nepal on April 25, 2015 caused damage to many civil engineering and architectural structures. While several road gabion retaining walls in mountainous regions incurred damage, there was very little information that could be used to draw up earthquake countermeasures in Nepal, because there have been few construction cases or case studies of gabion structures, nor have there been experimental or analytical studies on their earthquake resistance. Therefore, we conducted a shake table test using a full-scale gabion retaining wall to evaluate earthquake resistance. From the experiments, it was found that although gabion retaining walls display a flexible structure and deform easily due to the soil pressure of the backfill, they are resilient structures that tend to resist collapse. Yet, because retaining walls are assumed to be rigid bodies in the conventional stability computations used to design them, the characteristics of gabions as flexible structures are not taken advantage of. In this study, we propose an approach to designing gabion retaining walls by comparing the active collapse surface estimated by the trial wedge method, and the experiment results obtained from a full-scale model of a vertically-stacked wall, which is a structure employed in Nepal that is vulnerable to earthquake damage. When the base of the estimated slip line was raised for the trial wedge method, its height was found to be in rough agreement with the depth at which the gabion retaining wall deformed drastically in the experiment. Thus, we were able to demonstrate the development of a method for evaluating the seismic stability of gabion retaining walls that takes into consideration their flexibility by adjusting the base of the trial soil wedge.
Climate Change, Migration, and Vulnerability: Overview of the Special Issue
Authors: Nakayama Mikiyasu , Drinkall Scott , Sasaki Daisuke ,   Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan,   Environmental Law Institute, Washington, D.C., USA,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
Published: December 2019

Atoll countries in the Pacific, namely Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu, will become sources of climate migrants in the foreseeable future. This study aimed to examine if people in these atoll countries were, are, or will be ready to successfully relocate to foreign countries by re-establishing their lives and livelihoods in a new environment. An international collaborative research project was launched and implemented from 2017 to 2019. Case studies were conducted in Micronesia, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands as the origin of climate migrants and in Fiji and the USA as their destination. It was found that a number of legal tools and practical policy measures are available for countries to alleviate the struggles of environmental migrants, despite the lack of a comprehensive legal framework that protects environmental migrants by allowing them to move to other countries. In addition, 65% of the college and university students in the Marshall Islands indicated education as their primary reason to migrate abroad, followed by work (15%), health (8%), family (7%), climate change (3%), and natural disasters (2%). The ratios of students who wished to migrate because of climate change were similar between the Marshall Islands (3%) and Micronesia (4%), despite the fact that the former is an atoll country and the latter is mostly composed of “high-lying islands.” As for the migrants from the Marshall Islands and Micronesia to the USA, climate change was revealed to be a contributing factor for some in their decision to migrate, and more so as a factor for not returning home. It was also found that education had more influence than religion or culture on people’s perception of climate change and its implications in the Marshall Islands and Kiribati. The policy implemented in Vienna, Austria was proved to be effective in avoiding the emergence of society and culture-bound mental illness, which is inherent to large, isolated ethnic communities.
Legal and Practical Measures for Environmental Migrants
Authors: O’Connor Sofia , Bruch Carl , Maekawa Miko ,   Environmental Law Institute 1730 M Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA,   The Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
Published: December 2019

Recent years have seen dramatic growth in people migrating due to environmental shocks and changes. Many of these shocks and changes are climate-related. Environmental migration can occur due to sudden-onset events, such as hurricanes, floods, and heatwaves and slow-onset events, such as coastal erosion, sea level rise, and droughts. Migrants may move to temporary or permanent new housing, either locally or abroad, depending on the options available to them. They may return; many do not. Currently, there are few legal mechanisms that allow environmentally displaced persons to move or stay in new safe locations. Moreover, social and economic support that would allow them to adapt to their new surroundings is similarly scarce. As climatic events displace an increasing number of people, the search for legal mechanisms to protect and support environmental migrants has intensified, as has the search for complementary tools that ease the migrants’ transition in their countries of destination. While there is no international agreement that protects environmental migrants, there are legal tools and practical policy measures that countries can take on their own or in collaboration with others to alleviate struggles of environmental migrants. This article reviews a number of the available legal and policy measures. It starts with a brief review of the dynamics and scope of environmental migration. It then surveys legal options for managing environmental migrants, considering both the prospects for a comprehensive legal approach and the options for a toolbox approach. The article then turns to policy approaches for supporting livelihoods of environmental migrants, before taking a broad view of policy options.
Addressing the Health Problems After Immigration Faced by the Marshallese in Springdale, Arkansas: Lessons Learned from the City of Vienna
Authors: Fujikura Ryo , Nakayama Mikiyasu , McClain Shanna N. , Drinkall Scott ,   Faculty of Sustainability Studies, Hosei University 2-17-1 Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8160, Japan,   :,   Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan,   Environmental Law Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
Published: December 2019

More than 10,000 people have migrated from the Republic of the Marshall Islands to Springdale, Arkansas in the United States. That number is increasing. The Marshallese living in Springdale are not effectively integrated into the host society. Many Marshallese are mentally stressed not only in their home country, but in Springdale as well. This problem will be alleviated if those in Springdale are well-integrated into the host society. The city of Vienna, Austria, has a history of accepting large numbers of immigrants. In this study, we analyzed the experience of integration in the city of Vienna and examined ways in which this can be applied to the situation in Springdale. Many Marshallese make few preparations for migration to the United States; this becomes an obstacle when they start residing there. Vienna Start Coaching, implemented by the City of Vienna, is a mechanism providing the information that is needed by foreigners when they arrive at the city. The city of Vienna has many therapists to provide mental health care for immigrants and citizens. This is to ensure the possibility of having people who can listen to them in their native language. Moreover, the city offers German language courses to immigrants. Provision of more English language education could facilitate their integration with the host community.
Household Behavior and Response to the Participative Institutional Model for the Program of Handling Drainage of Productive Cows
Authors: Novra Ardi , Pramusintho Bagus
Published: December 2019

The research survey aimed to observe the households behavior and response to the participatory institution model of the preventing of the productive cows exploitation. The sample technique to select of the domestic cattle farmer (DCF) as the unit of analysis using the multiple stages cluster sampling and then sample allocation was equal for three districts. Structural equation model consisted of 5 behavior equations drawn up from the 5 endogenous and 13 exogenous variables. The research results showed that the rate of release of productive cows about 19.23 percent. The institutional model to handling of the drain at least productive cows have four major components, were members (DCFs), the management, micro-finance institutions (MFIs) and buffer-stock. The household motivation to develop the business scale and maintain the productive heifer shaped by land ownership and livestock scale expected factors. Then both types of motivation were not significantly associated with DCF's motivation to engage in institutional, as the more dominant individual as shaped by the farmer age. The other hand, the confidence level of participatory institutional effectiveness significantly shaped by the perception of institutional and potential release of productive heifer compared the potential release of motivation factors and correlated positively with the economic conditions.
The role of growth factor in the repair of articular cartilage
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chai Zishu , Yu Chengqiang , Wu Youcai , Ou Yufu , Wei Jianxun
Published: December 2019

Background: Natural degeneration or trauma of articular cartilage all can lead to its structural and functional damage. Because of its lack of blood supply and innervation, it has low metabolic activity and difficulty in self-repair after injury. Growth factors provide a new direction for the repair of articular cartilage damage and play an important role. This article will systematically summarize the research progress of traditional growth factors, mainly introduce the newly found growth factors and other synthetic compounds and inorganic particles that can induce stem cells to differentiate into cartilage.Methods: English literatures published in PubMed and SCI databases from August 2000 to August 2019 were searched, Review the relevant literature, The two authors evaluated and screened the quality of the literatures respectively, and senior authors further evaluated them to resolve the disagreement on the inclusion of literatures.Results: Growth factors can significantly promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation. A variety of growth factors can exert synergistically to promote the differentiation of stem cells into cartilage, so as to promote the regeneration of cartilage tissue and repair the damage of articular cartilage. Traditional growth factors that promote articular cartilage repair are bone morphogenetic proteins, cartilage derived morphogenetic protein, transcription growth factor β, fibroblast growth factors and insulin⁃like growth factors. Recent studies have found that kartogenin, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, force growth factor, etc. can also effectively induce stem cells to differentiate into cartilage and maintain chondrocyte phenotype, synthetic compounds such as dexamethasone and some inorganic particles also promote chondrogenic differentiation.Conclusions: The newly discovered growth factors promote the development of articular cartilage repair, but its mechanism of action is not clear. There are no in vivo experimental studies on dexamethasone and inorganic particles, and its repairing effect and safety are for further study. The synergistic or antagonistic effects between different growth factors, the optimal concentration ratio, and the differences in in vivo and in vitro roles need further study. At present, the research on growth factors mostly stays at the basic stage, and there are few clinical studies, which will be an important direction for further research.
Effects of aquatic physical intervention on fall risk, working memory and hazard-perception as pedestrians in older people
Authors: Nissim Michal , Livny Abigail , Barmatz Caroline , Tsarfaty Galia , Berner Yitshal , Sacher Yaron , Giron Jonathan , Ratzon Navah Z.
Published: December 2019

Background: Normal aging is associated with balance, mobility and working memory decline that increase fall risk and influence activity of daily living functions. Mounting evidence suggests that physical activity is beneficial for decreasing aging effects. The environment in which the physical activity occurs influences the results of the activity. Previous studies have focused on land-based physical activity. Research concerning the aquatic environment is scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an aquatic physical intervention program on fall risk, working memory and safety of streets–crossing among community-dwelling older individuals.Methods: Forty-two healthy participants aged 65 or older were divided into one of three intervention groups: aquatic physical intervention (API), on-land physical intervention (OLPI) or non-physical intervention (NPI). The intervention took place from 2018 until 2019 and the protocol included 30-minute sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. Balance, gait and fall risk, working memory abilities and simulated safe streets-crossing were tested. Testing and data collection was conducted at baseline, after six weeks and 12 weeks of intervention. Results: After six and 12 weeks of intervention, the API group achieved higher improvement on fall-risk score as compared to the NPI group, and both OLPI and NPI groups achieved less improvement on balance score compared to the API group. Additionally, after 12 weeks of intervention, both OLPI and NPI groups scored significantly lower than the API group in verbal and visuospatial working memory tests. Finally, a trend of improvement was found on the hazard-perception as pedestrians test after 12 weeks of intervention only among the API group. Conclusions: These findings may affect experts working with the elderly population when making decisions concerning therapeutic prevention interventions for the deficiencies of elderly patients. Such interventions may help reduce falling and cognitive deficits, which can lead to decreased injuries and fatalities of older pedestrians. Older adults practicing aquatic physical activity could contribute to their increased safety. Trial registration Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry NCT03510377. Date of registration: 10/31/2017 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03510377
First isolation of Mycobacterium ulcerans from Swabs and Fine-Needle-Aspiration Specimens in Togo.
Authors: Makagni Tchalare Kondi , Issaka Maman , Ebekalisai Piten , Kodjo Disse , Kadanga Essossimna A. , Sambiani Tchao , Madimili Lowa Pya-Abalo , Eyabavi Eza , Simplice Karou Damintoti , Anoumou Dagnra , Tchadjobo Tchacondo
Published: December 2019

Background Buruli ulcer is a skin disease caused by a mycobacterium called Mycobacterium ulcerans . It is prevalent in more than 33 countries on several continents but West Africa is the most affected. The isolation in culture of the bacteria is difficult because of its slow growth and the facilities required. In Togo, studies have been done on the risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection and the detection of cases by the Ziehl-Neelsen and PCR technique on clinical and environmental samples, but to date no data of isolates from clinical samples are available. The purpose of this study was to perform an in vitro culture of M. ulcerans from swab and fine needle aspiration samples through the confirmation stages of direct examination and IS2404 -PCR. Method A total of 70 clinical samples from Togo and 10 clinical isolates from Benin are analyzed by the three techniques indicated in the diagnosis, in particular the direct examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining, the PCR targeting the IS2404 sequence, and the culture after transport of the samples in a transport medium made of Middlebrook 7H9 medium supplemented with a mixture of PANTA and OADC and decontamination by the modified Petroff method. Results The application of the three techniques of diagnosis for clinical samples yielded 44.28% of positivity rates on direct examination of AFB, 35.71% on culture and 77.14% on qPCR IS2404 with a significantly higher rate for qPCR (0.0001). All samples positive for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture were also positive for qPCR. Conclusion : Our results show that the culture, despite it difficulty and the slow growth of the bacteria, can be carried out with recommended tools of the mycobacteria culture and a good method of decontamination of the samples can improve the positivity rates. Its realization will allow the assessment of the in vitro sensitivity to the antibiotics used in the treatment and the discovery of new strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans .
Obesity, lifestyle behaviors and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults aged 45 and older
Authors: Liu Pengtao , You Yinghui , Meng Qinghui , Tian Chunhua , Wang Junjie , Ma Guifeng
Published: December 2019

Background This study investigated the importance of obesity and lifestyle behaviors in affecting dyslipidemia among adults aged 45 and older in China. The strength of our study is in using the decision tree model to clearly rank the importance of those key factors affecting dyslipidemia.Methods Data were taken from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A total of 9,038 adults were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between obesity, lifestyle behaviors and dyslipidemia. Decision tree was built to select the best scheme on prevention of dyslipidemia.Results Based on body mass index (BMI), 33.98% of Chinese age ≥ 45 years old were overweight and a further 12.73% were obese. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants who were obese (AOR 6.82, 95% CI 3.67–12.37, P<0.0001), with hypertension stage 2 (1.53, 1.23–1.90, P=0.0001) and lived in main city zone (2.68, 2.22–3.22, P<0.0001) were more likely to have dyslipidemia; Participants who usually took part in vigorous activity (0.66, 0.54–0.80, P<0.0001) or did moderate/light activity more than 2 hours one day (moderate: 0.66, 0.53–0.84, P=0.0005; light: 0.79, 0.65–0.97, P=0.0231) were less likely to have dyslipidemia. Decision tree analysis showed that enhancing physical activity could effectively reduce the rate of dyslipidemia among people with overweight or obesity.Conclusions Overweight and obesity are rapidly growing threats in China. Regular physical activity could positively affect dyslipidemia and produce desirable health status. This will be beneficial evidence for educating those who do not or cannot perform regular and substantial physical activities.
MYKHAILO TYMOFIEIEV. SILHOUETTE OF A SECURITY GUARD AGAINST THE
BACKGROUND OF THE GREAT TERROR ERA
Authors: Bazhan O. G. , Zolotarov V. A.
Published: December 2019

Among the employees of the Soviet state security agencies, who at different times worked on the territory of modern Sumy region, the figure of MykhailoTymofieiev is prominent. He played an important role in the repressive measures by the Soviet authorities on the political grounds in the North-East of Ukraine.
Being the Head of the Novhorod-Siverskyi district department of the DPU, Mykhailo Tymofieiev governed the elimination of anti-Soviet armed formations led by the Atamans
Vashchenko and Rubliov-Chernov. During the Holodomor, as head of the Kharkiv Regional Department of the State Political Administration, M.Tymofieiev promoted the implementation of an operational plan of eliminating insurgent groups and organizations on the territory of Sumy region. For this activity he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. The period of his being the head of the Chernihiv
Regional Directorate of the NKVD of 1934-1936 was marked by repressive actions against the Trotskyist supporters.
Tymofieiev’s excellent work in Chernihiv received a positive assessment by the Ukrainian
SSR Internal Affairs Commissar V.A. Balitskyi. Despite his close friendship with the disgraced chief of the GPU-NKVD of Ukraine, M. Tymofieiev managed to avoid repressions by the state security agencies at the times of the Great Terror. During the years 1937-1956 M.M. Tymofieiev held high positions in the system of the Main Department of Correctional Labour Camps.
Key words: MykhailoTymofieiev, NKVD, political repressions, Bilomor-Baltic canal.
Women's Changing Commutes: The Work Trips of Single Mothers in the New York Region, 2000–2010
Authors: Maciejewska Monika , McLafferty Sara , Preston Valerie
Published: December 2019

Single mothers are an important and growing segment of the U.S. workforce. As primary breadwinners and caregivers, they shoulder a 'double burden' that often constrains their access to job opportunities and reinforces their commuting challenges. In the urban areas where most single
mothers live, ongoing transformations of the built environment associated with gentrification and uneven transit investment may exacerbate their commuting challenges. We examine the impacts of built environment characteristics on single mothers' reliance on various transportation modes for
their commuting trips in the New York metropolitan region. Our analysis focuses on changes in mode use during the 2000s, a period of rapid change in the region's built environment. Using microdata from the 2000 and 2008–2012 U.S. Census PUMS, we analyse geographic and racial/ethnic inequalities
in single mothers' mode choices and the socioeconomic and contextual factors that influence transit dependence. Our results show that transit use is increasing both among single and married mothers, as working mothers shift away from commuting by car. At the same time, single mothers increasingly
live in suburban and peripheral areas where access to transit is limited. Although only a relatively small percentage of suburban single mothers commute via transit, that percentage increased from 2000 to 2010. Transit dependence is especially high among minority single mothers and that disparity
persists after controlling residential location, transit access, hourly earnings and sociodemographic characteristics.
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SABAR DRUMS: INNOVATIONS IN ORGANOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE PRACTICES IN SENEGAL AND THE DIASPORA
Authors: Tang Patricia
Published: December 2019

This article contributes to the substantial body of publications on South African jazz with information on jazz performance and performers in New Brighton, a township adjacent to Port Elizabeth noted for its vibrant jazz scene and outstanding jazz musicians. The article covers several decades from the heyday of swing bands in the 1940s–50s through the 1960s–70s when New Brighton’s premier jazz combo, the Soul Jazzmen, were at the height of their artistry. The role of swing bands in New Brighton and surrounding communities as the training ground for members of the Soul Jazzmen and other local musicians of note is discussed, as well as how the Soul Jazzmen in turn were tutors for musicians of the next generation who became widely recognized artists, composers and arrangers. This is followed by a focus on the Soul Jazzmen and compositions by its members that protested against the apartheid regime in the 1960s–70s. The article is informed by historic photographs, newspaper clippings and information from oral history interviews that richly document how jazz was performed in service of the anti-apartheid struggle in New Brighton.