bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semi-coking of oil shale of the Leningrad deposit
Authors: Litin I.V. , Nazarenko M.Yu. , Saltykova S.N.
Published: June 2021

Recently, there has been a growing global interest in processing low-grade types of solid fuels, such as oil shale. In the near future, the role of solid fuels in the country's fuel and energy balance is expected to increase, primarily due to their large reserves. Based on this, this work evaluates the semi – coke obtained by semi-coking low-grade types of solid combustible fossils-oil shale of the Baltic basin (Leningrad deposit). The influence of process parameters (temperature and holding time) on the physical and chemical properties of shale semi-coke was studied experimentally. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the obtained samples of semi-coke from oil shale and brown coal can be used as a substitute for coke in various industries and the national economy.
Efficient use of resources in the field of energy efficiency through the principles of the circular economy
Authors: Yaryhina H.N. , Ziankova I.V. , Sati R.S.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to define indicators areas of efficient use of resources in a circular economy, aimed at solving energy and environmental problems, as well as to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for their formation. This study defines the conceptual foundations of the circular economy, defines the methodological approach to energy efficiency in terms of alternative energy sources, and develops a theoretical and practical approach to balancing employment in the labour market in a circular economy. As a result of the conducted research using the principles of the circular economy, the category of efficient use of resources in the field of energy efficiency is defined. The scientific novelty lies in the use of a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena, which revealed the consideration of the interconnection of all elements, as well as the study of individual economic objects as structural parts. The role of each part in the general functioning of the circular economy and its impact on individual elements are defined. The methodology of the study is revealed using methods of comparison, the concept of systems, and statistical approaches.
Energy saving and energy efficiency of the Belarusian economy: analysis of concepts and evaluation criteria, proposed approaches to improving the energy efficiency of the housing stock
Authors: Kamecko Q. A. , Izmailovich S.V. , Rabih Sati , Tivanova A. A.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the concepts and indicators for assessing energy saving and energy efficiency, which revealed a clear terminological relationship between the studied concepts and the absence of evaluation criteria that characterize important components of energy efficiency by type of economic activity and economic spheres. The most important components of energy efficiency were identified and calculations confirming the importance of the national policy to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock as the sector with the highest energy saving potential were made. It was confirmed that in order to achieve high indicators of real economic growth, both consistent and constructive measures are needed to create energy facilities of a new formation, as well as to improve existing capacities and facilities, for example, in the form of major repairs of the housing stock.
Adaptive current protection in electrical complexes with small power plants
Authors: Smirnov A.I. , Shklyarskiy J.E.
Published: June 2021

The article considers electrical complexes with power plants of small capacity. The influence of power generation sources on short-circuit current distribution has been investigated. Reduced sensitivity of back-up current protection and dependence of current distribution on power plant capacity are revealed. Recommendations for minimizing false operation of short-circuit protection in networks with distributed power generation are proposed. An algorithm for adaptive current protection, which uses graph theory to determine the stages of selectivity of relay protection based on finding the shortest Dijkstra path and calculation of equivalent resistance in networks with multiple sources of power generation, which provides selec-tivity and sensitivity of current protection when changing the generated power of generators and the structure of the distribution network is pre-sented. The algorithm uses communication lines with a central control unit to monitor the distribution network and update the current triggering of the relay protection in accordance with changes in the structure of the power grid. The proposed system is designed so that it can respond to dynamic changes in the structure of the network and the state of operation of power plants. Simulation modeling in the Matlab/Simulink software package was performed and the results of the algorithm are presented.
Comparative analysis of underfloor wheel lathes with monolithic and bolted structure in terms of static and dynamic properties based on the results of FEM analyzes
Authors: Pochopień T. , Lehrich K. , Śliwka J.
Published: June 2021

The subject of the research was Underfloor Wheel Lathes de-signed to regenerate the profiles of the running wheels and brake discs of heavy rail vehicles without removing the wheelsets. These machines can also be used to regenerate wheel sets in trolleys dismantled from vehicles or the wheel sets themselves. The machine tools operate in a pass-through system. Two machine tools differing in the structure of the supporting sys-tem were tested: monolithic and folding. Conclusions are based on the re-sults of the FEA simulation. They concerned the influence of the type of supporting structure and connection between the bodies on the static stiff-ness, forms of vibrations and dynamic stiffness of machine tools.
The conflict of Van Gogh's and Malevich's aesthetical conceptions
Authors: Repin I.D. , Vasilyeva M.A.
Published: June 2021

The conflict arises when comparing the creative path of Vincent van Gogh with the views of Kazimir Malevich will be examined in this article. The authors have used painting and writings of both artists to better understand their ideas and aesthetics approaches when considering this conflict. A comparison of their positions reveals a distinction that becomes very important for understanding of Malevich's view on the history of art and the observations of his articles
Socio-cultural impediments to automation in Indian mines
Authors: Kumar M.
Published: June 2021

Mining is an age-old industry that has propelled human progress and development. Despite India‟s economic prowess and richness in minerals, its mines are plagued with inefficiency and lack modern technology. In countries with well-developed mining industries, automation has proven to be a beneficial technology. Incorporating modern technologies into Indian mines is a challenging task due to many factors unique to the country. This study establishes the benefits of automation by discussing the Australian mining industry. A clear insight into the socio-cultural challenges to be faced while modernizing the Indian mining industry, focusing on automation, is presented using an interpretive approach, relying mainly on qualitative data in existing texts. The study conveys the significance of these obstacles and proposes new government bodies and schemes to overcome them. Finally, further work on this less discussed topic is motivated by mentioning areas for future consideration.
Complex use of mineral raw materials: formation of organizational and economic mechanism
Authors: Solovyova V.M. , Ilinova A.A.
Published: June 2021

To date, issues related to the effective exploitation of the resource potential are becoming in-creasingly important for Russia. Gradual depletion of the mineral and raw material base and high level of ecological risks make this issue particularly relevant in the current conditions. The study deals with the development of organizational and economic mechanism that ensures the involvement and complex use of multicomponent ores to provide domestic industrial branches with important types of mineral raw materials. The theoretical aspects and main di-rections of the complex use of mineral raw materials are discussed. Critical analysis of modern frameworks is provided, key problems and barriers both economic and managerial (legal and regulatory policy) are identified. The possible measures to improve the CUMR projects’ eco-nomic efficiency are examined. The scheme of organizational and economic mechanism is presented. The study makes a number of recommendations aimed at the development of the complex use of mineral raw materials direction in Russia.
The Lithology of the Eocene-Paleocene Reservoirs of the Central and Eastern Ciscaucasia
Authors: Chukova E.I. , Rakhmatullina A.S. , Sivalneva O.V.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of lithological and petrophysical investigations of reservoir rocks of the Eocene-Paleocene Formations, which is one of the main hydrocarbon prolific horizons in the Central and Eastern Ciscaucasia. These results include lithological characteristics and pore space parameters for reservoir rocks of these stratigraphic intervals.
Urban climate and registration of thermal anomalies of territories using satellite imagery
Authors: Biryukov A.D. , Olenkov V.D. , Kolmogorova A.О.
Published: June 2021

This paper describes a simplified method of mapping of the ur-ban environment surface to obtain a map of the thermal anomalies distribu-tion and study the structure of the urban heat island. Those maps allow evaluating or planning the urban microclimate optimization methods and studying the effect of land cover type on the site temperature. The article discusses the processing of five satellite images for the summer and winter from 2002 to 2019. We propose a simpler and more automated processing of thermal images for Landsat 7 and Landsat 8. The stages of automatic atmospheric correction according to the DOS1 method and calculation of the emissivity with surface classification are considered. Image processing was carried out in the QGIS software package using the Semiautomatic Classification Plugin extension. As a result, thermal anomalies in Chelya-binsk were localized and a comparison of the thermal map for the specific region before and after urbanization was made.
Recognition of Oil and Gas Reservoir Space Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yang Shasha , Jin Anjie , Xu Yongfu
Published: June 2021

The identification of oil and gas reservoir space is of great significance to oil and gas exploration. Deep learning technology represented by convolutional neural network is currently the most widely used artificial intelligence method in the field of image recognition. Using convolutional neural networks to identify the type and content of the reservoir space can not only ensure the objectivity and accuracy of the results, but also reduce labor costs and improve work efficiency. It has achieved good results in the identification of the reservoir space of the Chang 6 oil-bearing group in the Ordos Basin, which has a certain promotion significance.
Fault Diagnosis of System-Level Equipment with a Deep Learning Framework
Authors: Wang Kexuan , Zeng Chunyang , Zhu Xiaoliang
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a deep learning-based fault diagnosis framework is proposed to improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of system-level equipment such as condenser systems in nuclear power plants. The condenser system signals are non-vibrating, slowly time-varying, and multi-dimensional in nature. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a deep learning-based fault diagnosis framework, which adopts the idea of combining data warehouse modeling and deep learning fault diagnosis, and establishes the data set required for deep learning through accurate simulation modeling of typical condenser faults, so as to make full use of the feature extraction capability of deep learning under large-scale samples. Based on this, an end-to-end deep learning model is developed for accurate diagnosis of multiple condenser faults under multiple system conditions. Through the fault diagnosis experiments on the validation set data under various system conditions, the fault diagnosis accuracy is as high as 0.9584, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed framework in fault diagnosis of system-level equipment.
Complex event processing system for IoT greenhouse
Authors: Jia Yunsong , Huang Shuaiqi , Li Xiang
Published: June 2021

Greenhouse is an important part of facility agriculture and a typical application scenario of modern agricultural technology. The greenhouse environment has the characteristics of nonlinearity, strong coupling, large inertia, and multiple disturbances. There are many environmental factors and it is a typical complex system [7]. In smart greenhouses, control commands are mostly triggered by complex events with multi-dimensional information. In this paper, by building the aggregation structure of complex events in the greenhouse, the technology is applied in the greenhouse as a whole. The core innovations of this paper are as follows: through the analysis of the information transmission process in the greenhouse, combined with the characteristics of the scene, a CEP information structure with predictive modules is formed, which is conducive to the popularization and application of CEP technology in the agricultural field. Pointed out the importance of extreme conditions in the prediction of the greenhouse environment for model evaluation. By improving the loss function in the machine learning algorithm, the prediction performance of a variety of algorithms under this condition has been improved. Applying CEP technology to intelligent greenhouse control scenarios, a set of practical complex event processing systems for greenhouse control has been formed.
Analysis of energy consumption structure based on K-means clustering algorithm
Authors: Kong Weizheng , Wang Yaohua , Dai Hongcai , Zhao Liujun , Wang Chunming
Published: June 2021

In order to solve the problem of huge and messy data in the process of analyzing energy consumption structure in different regions, an energy consumption structure analysis method based on K-means clustering algorithm is proposed, and the elbow method and contour coefficient method are used to analyze the data in Qinghai Province. The consumption structure was analyzed and the algorithm was verified. The results show that the algorithm can efficiently and quickly perform data mining and clustering based on local economic and environmental characteristics, which greatly improve the convenience of energy consumption structure analysis.
Investigation on the feasibility of resource utilizing drinking water treatment sludge as a pozzolan to prepare cement-based materials
Authors: Jia Qiong , Lu Jinsuo , Yang Jing
Published: June 2021

The characteristics of four kinds of sludge obtained from different drinking water treatment plants in Australia and China were contrastively analyzed in this study using x-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The conducted SAI test determined the pozzolanic reactivity of drinking water sludge ash (DWSA), which was derived from the grinding and calcination of drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS). The results indicated that the Al2O3 and SiO2 were the main components of DWTS, and the main crystalline minerals in DWTS were quartz, kaolinite, and aluminum sulfate hydroxide hydrate, which can be transformed into the reactive amorphous state after calcination at 800 ºC. Also, the SAI index of DWSA-derived mortar samples met the requirement, indicating a satisfying pozzolanic reactivity. Therefore, the DWTA was possible to be recycled as a pozzolan in cement-based materials.
Research Progress of SnS2/rGO Material in Gas Sensor
Authors: Huaizhang Wang , Huaning Jiang , Ting Liang
Published: June 2021

The material formed by combining two kinds of materials in a certain way is called composited material. Although reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has extremely high electron mobility, good chemical stability and high specific surface area, rGO sensors have problems such as slow recovery kinetics and poor selectivity. Tin disulfide (SnS2)as a two-dimensional metal chalcogenide in the middle gap has excellent gas sensitivity and recovery kinetics, but the resistance is too large when working at room temperature. Therefore, the combination of SnS2 and rGO can have both high electron mobility and excellent gas sensitivity. Therefore, the research of gas sensors based on SnS2/rGO has also become a hot spot. This article reviews the research progress of SnSn/rGO in the field of gas sensors.
Prediction Of Material Properties By Neural Network Fusing The Atomic Local Environment And Global Description: Applied To Organic Molecules And Crystals
Authors: Xia Deyu , Li Ning , Ren Pengju , Wen Xiaodong
Published: June 2021

Machine learning has brought great convenience to material property prediction. However, most existing models can only predict properties of molecules or crystals with specific size, and usually only local atomic environment or molecular global descriptor representation be used as the characteristics of the model, resulting in poor model versatility and cannot be applied to multiple systems. We propose a method that combines the description of the local atomic environment and the overall structure of the molecule, a fusion model consisting of a graph convolutional neural network and a fully connected neural network is used to predict the properties of molecules or crystals, and successfully applied to QM9 organic molecules and semiconductor crystal materials. Our method is not limited to a specific size of a molecule or a crystal structure. According to the calculation principle of the properties of the material molecules, the influences of the local atomic environment and the overall structure of the molecules on the properties are respectively considered, an appropriate weighting ratio is selected to predict the properties. As a result, the prediction performance has been greatly improved. In fact, the proposed method is not limited to organic molecules and crystals and is also applicable to other structures, such as clusters.
Construction and Analysis of Variable Wall Thickness Profile of Double Scroll Teeth of Scroll Compressor
Authors: Peng Bin , Liu Huixin , Zhang Pengcheng , Tao Yaohui , Qi Ting
Published: June 2021

Based on the changing trend of the geometric parameters of the scroll profile of the involute of circle with variable radii, a new type of double scroll teeth profile of scroll compressor composed of involute of circle with variable radii is constructed. The construction process of the baseline is discussed, and the baseline equations are deduced. According to the principle of normal equidistance, the geometric model of variable wall thickness double scroll teeth is established, and the suction volume, tooth thickness, and scroll area of double scroll teeth are compared with those of the double scroll teeth composed of ordinary involute of circle. The results show that: compared with ordinary double scroll teeth with constant thickness, the scroll diameter when two scrolls mesh is reduced and the revolutions of orbiting scroll required in the working process are reduced and it is easy to select better scroll profile through adjusting the changing coefficient of the base circle radius k, which provides a reference for scroll machinery using environment-friendly working fluids.
Application of Virtual Simulation Technology in Chemistry Teaching
Authors: Li Zhaoyan , Cao Yuan , Luo Jiancheng
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the application of virtual simulation experiment teaching resources in universities is not systematic and comprehensive enough. Therefore, integrating professional-related virtual simulation experiment teaching resources and constructing virtual simulation comprehensive training courses can not only strengthen and expand professional knowledge and improve professional thinking but also strengthen students’ ability to realize innovative thinking. While enriching experimental teaching forms and teaching effects, virtual simulation technology also promotes the integration of experimental teaching and theoretical teaching. The article mainly discusses the application of virtual simulation technology in university chemistry teaching practice and its impact on teaching effects and then summarizes the entry point and expansion form of virtual simulation technology in the curriculum, and serves the promotion of digital and information technology in chemistry teaching application.
Bird damage to sunflower: international situation and prospects
Authors: Sausse Christophe , Lévy Myriam
Published: June 2021

Bird damage to sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) degrades the profitability of this crop and calls into question its place in rotations. Our international literature review shows that sunflower is one of the crops most vulnerable to bird attacks. However, these predatory pests are not specialized: if the sunflower is affected in one region, then the other crops sharing the same cycle could also be affected to varying degrees. All production areas are affected by flowerhead damage at maturity. Damage at emergence has recently become more visible in France, Italy and Switzerland, probably as a result of global changes and evolving farming practices. Birds are highly mobile pests with complex behaviour. The problem needs to be tackled in a hierarchical framework that takes into account field, landscape, and regional scales, along with processes at different timescales from rapid field selection to long term demographic trends. Moreover, the distribution of damage is asymmetrical: few fields are affected, but with a high severity. At this time, there is no single effective method for preventing damage, and coordination at the landscape scale should be initiated to find potential solutions. Finally, there is a gap between theoretical and applied knowledge, even though initiatives in North America have helped to move research forward. These difficulties imply an integrated approach combining partially effective methods, the association of several stakeholders, and the coordination of several policies (agricultural, environmental, and recreational hunting or wildlife management). Additionally, data collection appears essential to acquire knowledge about economic damage and efficacy of control programmes. Digital technology can be useful for such purposes. Finally, this review advocates international networking to consolidate a research community on this topic and on the wider issue of bird damage to crops.
Complementary implementation of best practice in environmental management with health and safety; context of the United Arab Emirates construction industry
Authors: Alhanouti Ayman , Farrell Peter
Published: June 2021

This research study investigates the strategic implementation of health and safety (H&S) and its effect on environmental management in the UAE construction industry. For this purpose, two objectives are formulated to explore: (i) the extent to which there is a commitment to environmental management, and (ii) the extent to which environmental and H&S activities are appropriately integrated. Quantitative data were collected by a questionnaire survey from 27 respondents including contractors, consultants, clients and safety officers from the UAE construction industry. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicate a strong relationship between the variables. Some respondents were of the opinion that the best international H&S practice is applied in the UAE and information availability is appropriate. Many managers are committed to environmental management and the H&S of their employees, but there are some barriers and critical success factors to be addressed to assure continued improvement. There is potential for improving environmental and health and safety performance.
Percutaneous Biliary Drain Complications in Transplanted versus Native Liver: A Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Stumbras Lauren Marissa , Quencer Keith , Kaufman Claire
Published: June 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the rate of complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drain in transplanted versus native livers.

Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains completed at our institution from 2009 to 2018. Chart review of complications and interventions was recorded. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains performed in patients with liver transplants (n = 62) to those with native livers (n = 285).

Results There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains in patients with liver transplants (61%) compared with those with native livers (13%), χ2(1) = 9.59, p<0.01. There was a statistically significant increased frequency of worsening liver function, sepsis, bile leak, arterial and portal venous bleeds, and secondary complications in those with liver transplants. The median number of days until the complication occurred for those with liver transplants was nearly three times longer than those with native livers. The most common subsequent intervention for patients with liver transplants was placement of a new drain (53%), whereas those with native livers was drain upsize (70%).

Conclusion Complications including vascular injury, sepsis, bile leak, and worsening liver function after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains occurred more commonly in patients with liver transplants versus native livers.
Authoritarianism as pathology of recognition: the sociological substance and actuality of the authoritarian personality
Authors: Herzog Benno
Published: June 2021

The rise of the notions of authoritarianism and the authoritarian personality is directly linked to pathologies of early modernity and to social constellations that systematically produce dispositions of character that ultimately form the base of Nazi fascism. The aim of this article, thus, is to explore sociological actuality, i.e., the explanatory power and informative value of the concepts of authoritarianism and the authoritarian personality. Therefore, throughout the article, authoritarianism is framed as a social, i.e., relational approach, similar to that of recognition. However, as authoritarianism does not point towards autonomy, it can be read as a pathology of recognition. The text starts by presenting authoritarianism and authoritarian personality as introduced to the academic debate by early Critical Theory, including a description of the historical and intellectual conditions of the time. It then explores three essential elements of these concepts and how they have changed from then to now; namely, authorities, authoritarian measures, and psychological dispositions used to accept both. The sociological tools thus laid open are then used to respond to current questions about authoritarianism using the example of the impact of experts on crisis discourses. Pointing towards discursive mediation, I ask when and how the need to rely on experts fosters authoritarianism. There are basically two ways of understanding authoritarianism as still present in our society. The first is as a backward-leaning ideology of the good old times. Especially in politics, we can find a wish to overcome complex democratic decision-making procedures with strong, authoritarian leadership. The second form involves understanding authoritarianism not as a personal authority but as a swarm authority in the modern and (digital) panopticon. This pathology of recognition leads to alienated relations with others as mere anonymous providers of evaluations.
Hybrid model combines genetic clocks and signaling proteins to explain somitogenesis
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2021

Theory demonstrates compatibility between the two leading models for understanding the formation of key building blocks during the development of embryos.
Comparison of the magnetic properties of bismuth substituted thulium iron garnet and yttrium iron garnet films
Authors: Zhang Yuanjing , Yang Qinghui , Liu Xiuting , Zhang Ding , Rao Yiheng , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: June 2021

Rare-earth iron garnet thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have recently attracted a great deal of attention for spintronics applications. Bismuth substituted iron garnets are particularly popular among these various films because Bi3+ with a larger ion radius can adjust the lattice constant, strain state, and PMA of the films. In this paper, Tm2BiFe5O12 (TmBiIG) and Y2BiFe5O12 (YBiIG) garnet films with a series of thicknesses are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, and these films exhibit robust PMA. The microstructural properties, magnetic properties, and the anomalous Hall effect of these two kinds of films are discussed in detail. Due to their larger magnetostriction coefficient and proper tensile strain, TmBiIG films exhibit better PMA than YBiIG films, which have lower damping. As the thickness of TmBiIG and YBiIG films increases, the PMA becomes weaker, and the 40 nm YBiIG turns back to in-plane easy magnetization, but PMA is still obvious for the 64 nm TmBiIG. The ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of the 32 nm TmBiIG film is 249.08 Oe @ 13 GHz, and the damping factor is 1.49 × 10−2, which is close to that of Tm3Fe5O12. YBiIG films have better damping characteristics than TmBiIG films; however, the value is larger than that of yttrium iron garnet because of surface roughness and defects caused by larger lattice mismatch. In addition, on account of fewer defects and smaller surface roughness, the Hall voltage and Hall resistivity in TmBiIG/Pt heterostructures are larger than in YBiIG/Pt.
Electromagnetically induced transparency analog in terahertz hybrid metal–dielectric metamaterials
Authors: Hua Ming , Sun Yuanbo , Li Meiping , Liu Zizheng , Chen Yu , Shi Yanpeng , Ning Yafei , Zhang Yifei , Yang Fuhua , Wang Xiaodong
Published: June 2021

An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analog in hybrid metal–dielectric metamaterials is proposed and numerically demonstrated in the terahertz region. The EIT analog consists of a metal bar and a silicon disk (SD) to support localized surface plasmon resonance and anapole modes. A high transmission EIT-like optical response was achieved with a Q-factor of ∼250 as interpreted by the destructive interference between these two modes through the hybrid metamaterial. The influences of the background index and SD radius on the hybrid metamaterial are also demonstrated. In addition, the proposed metamaterial has the potential to be integrated into microfluidic chips for tumor, pesticide, and poison sensing, which gives a new way to realize EIT in a way that is different using all-metal and all-dielectric materials.
The Nagoya Protocol and Access and Benefit Sharing regulations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its impacts on botanic gardens’ collections and research
Authors: Kiehn Michael , Fischer Fabian , Smith Paul P.
Published: June 2021

At its 10th meeting in 2010, the Conference of the Parties of the CBD adopted the ‘Nagoya Protocol (NP) on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation’ which entered into force on 12 October 2014. Currently, the NP has been adopted by 129 parties, including the EU. This article reviews information retrieved from a variety of different sources dealing with the implications of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) regulations, including the NP, for biological collections, especially regarding material accession, conservation and research in botanic gardens. Problems encountered with adhering to ABS regulations and the NP include the following: increasing bureaucratic and administrative burdens arising from the many different ABS-related regulations at the national level; difficulties in identifying and engaging with national authorities designated as competent signatories for the NP in user and provider countries; and problems arising from ambivalent and inconsistent use of terms in the NP and in national ABS legislation. The authors encourage parties to fulfil the CBD requirement for ‘simplified measures on access for non-commercial research purposes’ and point out that NP-related impediments to conservation (and fundamental research) will have negative impacts on human development and biodiversity.
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Opioid use Disorder in Primary Care using the Collaborative Care Model
Authors: Brackett Charles D. , Duncan Matthew , Wagner Joanne Fadale , Fineberg Laura , Kraft Sally
Published: June 2021

Background: Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) is highly effective, but access is limited and care is often fragmented. Treatment in primary care can improve access to treatment and address psychiatric and physical co-morbidities in a holistic, efficient, and non-stigmatizing way. The Collaborative Care Model (CCM) of behavioral health integration into primary care has been widely disseminated and shown to improve outcomes and lower costs when studied for depression, but its use in treating substance use disorders has not been well documented. Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach to examine the impact of implementing multidisciplinary treatment of OUD in our health system's five primary care clinics using the framework of the CCM, with care shared between the primary care clinician (PCP), behavioral health clinician, and medical assistant. The implementation included staff education, creation of electronic health record tools, and implementation support, and was evaluated using data from the electronic health record, the medical staff office, and a clinician survey. Results: Over the last 2 years of implementation, the number of waivered providers increased from 11 to 35, providers prescribing for 5 or more patients increased from 2 to 18, and patients initiated on buprenorphine increased from 4/month to 18/month. 180-day treatment retention was 53%, and 81% of patients had consistently negative urine drug testing. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities were common, 70 and 44%, respectively. Although PCPs who prescribed buprenorphine found working in this model enjoyable and effective, the majority of non-waivered PCPs remained reluctant to participate. Conclusions: In our experience, treatment of OUD in primary care utilizing the CCM effectively addresses OUD and commonly comorbid anxiety and depression, and leads to an expansion of treatment. Successful implementation of OUD treatment requires addressing negative attitudes and perceptions.
Assessment of auditory processing in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Zarei Melika , Hosseini Dastgerdi Zahra , Momeni Alireza , Nouri Nayyereh Sadat
Published: June 2021

Objective

Few studies have shown that children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) experience auditory processing disorder to some degree. APD can negatively affect communication skills and academic performance. This study aimed to assess important aspects of auditory processing in school-age children with NSCLP.

Method

Dichotic digits (DD), gaps in noise (GIN) and monaural selective auditory attention tests (mSAAT) were assessed in school-age children with NSCLP in this study.

Results

Mean scores of dichotic digits of the right ear in children with NSCLP was higher than the control group without cleft (p < .001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the DD score of the left ear (p = .112). The score of right ear advantage (REA) in the NSCLP group was higher than the control group (p = .002). NSCLP group obtained lower scores in the GIN and mSAAT tests compared to the control group without craniofacial abnormalities (p = .008 for GIN% of the right ear and p < .001 for GIN threshold of both ears, GIN% for left ear and mSAAT scores).

Conclusion

The results indicate that some children with NSCLP may suffer from APD to some degree.
Production of Degenerate Fermi Gases of 6Li Atoms in an Optical Dipole Trap
Authors: Yan Xiang-Chuan , Sun Da-Li , Wang Lu , Min Jing , Peng Shi-Guo , Jiang Kai-Jun
Published: June 2021

We report the experimental production of degenerate Fermi gases of 6Li atoms in an optical dipole trap. The gray-molasses technique is carried out to decrease the atomic temperature to 57 μK, which facilitates the efficient loading of cold atoms into the optical dipole trap. The Fermi degeneracy is achieved by evaporative cooling of a two-spin mixture of 6Li atoms on the Feshbach resonance. The degenerate atom number per spin is 3.5 × 104, and the reduced temperature T/T
F is as low as 0.1, where T
F is the Fermi temperature of the non-interacting Fermi gas. We also observe the anisotropic expansion of the atom cloud in the strongly interacting regime.
Magnetic Proximity Effect in an Antiferromagnetic Insulator/Topological Insulator Heterostructure with Sharp Interface
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Niu Xuefan , Zhang Rencong , Zhang Qinghua , Teng Jing , Li Yongqing
Published: June 2021

We report an experimental study of electron transport properties of MnSe/(Bi,Sb)2Te3 heterostructures, in which MnSe is an antiferromagnetic insulator, and (Bi,Sb)2Te3 is a three-dimensional topological insulator (TI). Strong magnetic proximity effect is manifested in the measurements of the Hall effect and longitudinal resistances. Our analysis shows that the gate voltage can substantially modify the anomalous Hall conductance, which exceeds 0.1 e
2/h at temperature T = 1.6 K and magnetic field μ
0
H = 5 T, even though only the top TI surface is in proximity to MnSe. This work suggests that heterostructures based on antiferromagnetic insulators provide a promising platform for investigating a wide range of topological spintronic phenomena.
A hybrid silicon evanescent laser with sampled Bragg grating structure based on the reconstruction equivalent chirp technique for silicon photonics
Authors: Meng Ranzhe , Wang Hailing , Shi Tao , Wang Mingjin , Zheng Wanhua
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we report on a direct bonding hybrid silicon evanescent laser with sampled Bragg grating structure based on the reconstruction equivalent chirp (REC) technique for the first time. By the design of the REC technique, the hybrid silicon evanescent laser in the +1st order channel is emitted. The optical mode is evanescently coupled between the III and V waveguide and silicon waveguide. A laser with 24 mA threshold current and 0.3 mW output power from silicon waveguide at 50 mA under the continuous wave operation is obtained.
TetrODrive: an open-source microdrive for combined electrophysiology and optophysiology
Authors: Brosch Marcel , Vlasenko Alisa , Ohl Frank W , Lippert Michael T
Published: June 2021

Objective. In tetrode recordings, the cell types of the recorded units are difficult to determine based on electrophysiological characteristics alone. Optotagging, the use of optogenetic stimulation to precisely identify cells, is a method to overcome this challenge. However, recording from many different cells requires advancing electrodes and light sources slowly through the brain with a microdrive. Existing designs suffer from a number of drawbacks, such as limited stability and precision, high cost, complex assembly, or excessive size and weight. Approach. We designed TetrODrive as a microdrive that can be 3D printed on an inexpensive desktop resin printer, has minimal parts, assembly time, and cost. The microdrive can be assembled in 15 min and the price for all materials, including the 3D printer, is lower than a single commercial microdrive. To maximize recording stability, we mechanically decoupled the drive mechanism from the electrical and optical connectors. Main results. The developed microdrive is small and light enough (<1.5 g) to be carried effortlessly by a mouse. It allows reliable recordings from single units and optogenetically identified units, even across recording sessions. In contrast to previous designs, it provides a decoupling of plugging forces from the main drive body for enhanced stability. Owing to its moveable optical fiber, our microdrive can also be used for fiber photometry. The cost of a single drive is below 20 €. We evaluated our microdrive by recording single units and calcium signals in the ventral tegmental area of mice and confirmed cell identity via optotagging. Thereby we found units not following the classical reward prediction error model. Significance. TetrODrive is a tiny, lightweight, and affordable microdrive for optophysiology in mice. Its open design, price, and built-in characteristics can significantly expand the use of microdrives in mice.
Cavitation and charge separation in laser-produced copper and carbon plasma in transverse magnetic field
Authors: Behera Narayan , Kumar Ajai , Singh R K
Published: June 2021

In the present work, we report the dynamics and geometrical features of the plasma plume formed by the laser ablation of copper and graphite (carbon) targets in the presence of different transverse magnetic field. This work emphasizes on the effect of atomic mass of the plume species on the diamagnetic behaviour and geometrical aspect of the expanding plasma plume in the magnetic field. The time-resolved analysis of the simultaneously captured two directional images in orthogonal to the expansion axis is carried out for the comparative study of projected three-dimensional structure of copper and carbon plasma plume. In the presence of magnetic field, sharp differences are observed between the copper and carbon plasma plumes in terms of formation of diamagnetic cavity and structure formation. An elliptical cavity-like structure is observed in case of copper plasma plume which attains the sharp conical shape with increasing the time delay or magnetic field strength. On the other hand, splitted carbon plasma plume appears as a Y-shape structure in the presence of magnetic field where the cavity-like structure is not observed for the considered time and magnetic field. Based on the modified energy balance relation for the elliptic cylindrical geometry, we have also simulated the dynamics of the plume which is in close agreement with observed plasma expansion in diamagnetic and non-diamagnetic regions.
Gestational Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Longitudinally Assessed Behaviors Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Executive Function
Authors: Sagiv Sharon K , Kogut Katherine , Harley Kim , Bradman Asa , Morga Norma , Eskenazi Brenda
Published: June 2021

The brain’s prefrontal cortex directs higher-order cognitive and behavioral processes that are important for attention, working memory, and inhibitory control. We investigated whether gestational exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides was associated with these abilities in childhood and early adolescence. Between 1999 and 2000, we enrolled pregnant women in a birth cohort drawn from an agricultural region of California. We measured dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides in maternal pregnancy urine samples (13 and 26 weeks) and estimated associations with behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and executive function, assessed longitudinally; 351 families provided neurodevelopmental outcome data at any point when the child was aged 7–12 years. We assessed function across multiple dimensions (e.g., working memory, attention), methods (e.g., behavior reports, child assessment), and reporters (e.g., mothers, teachers, child self-reports). Higher gestational DAP concentrations were consistently associated with behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and executive function. For example, a 10-fold increase in gestational DAP concentration was associated with poorer longitudinally assessed Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function scores, as reported by mothers (β = 4.0 (95% confidence interval: 2.1, 5.8); a higher score indicates more problems), and Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition Working Memory scores (a 3.8-point reduction; β = −3.8 (95% confidence interval: −6.2, −1.3)). Reducing gestational exposure to OP pesticides through public health policy is an important goal.
Experimental Assessment of Workplace Radiation Exposure in Diagnostic X-ray Medical Imaging Centres in Benin from 2019 to 2020
Authors: Gbetchedji Arnaud A , Mansouri Imene , Hounsossou Hubert C , Houndetoungan Gilles D , Gbaguidi Bertin A , Haddy Nadia , Medehouenou Thierry C M , Avocefohoun Alphonse S , Takou Daniel S , Rubino Carole , Biaou Olivier , Medenou Daton , de Vathaire Florent , Amoussou-Guenou Kuassi M , Allodji Rodrigue S
Published: June 2021

The ease of prescribing radiological examinations has prompted an expansion in radiological procedures and, consequently, an increase of occupational dose to medical imaging workers. However, little is known about radiation exposure in the workplace of medical radiology professionals in many countries, and in Benin particularly. The purpose of this study was to assess ambient radiation doses in diagnostic X-ray medical facilities in Benin and to observe whether exposure levels are below reference levels. A total of 72 public and private medical imaging centres participated in a cross-sectional study carried out from June 2019 to February 2020 in Benin. These centres had 59 X-ray, four chest and six computed tomography (CT) scan rooms. A calibrated radiameter able to measure short, pulsed or continuous X fields and gamma/beta (50 nSv to 10 Sv) was used to measure exposure levels in these functional rooms. Scattered X-ray doses and exposure time from radiological examinations both behind the lead glass of the control area to assess the levels of exposure of professionals and outside of the examination room to evaluate the level of exposure of the public (including non-exposed workers) have been provided. Equivalent doses estimated per hour were compared with the reference levels of 7.50 and 0.05 µSv per hour for workers and the public, respectively. At the control area, the mean/median (min-max) equivalent doses were 0.09/0.07 (0.00–0.21), 2.39/0.13 (0.00–75.67), and 228.39/28.65 (0.39–869.75) µSv per hour for the chest, X-ray, and CT-scan rooms, respectively. Among 69 examination rooms, 13.04% of the equivalent dose estimated in the workplace behind the lead glass was greater than 7.50 µSv per hour; 65 out of 69 examination rooms showed that 40.00% of the equivalent dose estimated behind the doors was greater than 0.05 µSv per hour. These results demonstrated that current controls, including leaded glass separating the control panel and leaded doors between the examination room and the corridor, are inadequate to limit radiation exposures. The controls must be upgraded and a dosimetry program should be implemented to monitor exposures of employees, patients, and visitors.