bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feedback evaluations to promote image captioning
Authors: He Jun , Zhao Yijia , Sun Bo , Yu Lejun
Published: June 2020

Image captioning can be treated as a policy gradient problem. A retrieval model to obtain the discriminability score to distinguish between two images, given the caption for one of them, has been proposed previously; the discriminability score and one of the image captioning evaluation metrics were optimised using policy gradient. Based on this, two methods to evaluate the caption and caption‐generating process, referred to as feedback evaluations, are proposed in this study. The results of the evaluations were used to improve the model. First, an auxiliary retrieval loss (ARL) is introduced to evaluate the generated caption to improve the discriminability of the model. ARL has been utilised as a feedback evaluation method because it calculates similarity between the generated caption and convolutional neural network features. With ARL, a higher similarity and better discriminability were achieved. Second, an evaluation reward is introduced to evaluate the captioning process. With ER, the overall evaluation metrics can be improved. A policy gradient was used, and a captioning model could be trained by jointly adjusting the captioning process and captioning itself. The attention long short‐term memory network was trained with ARL and ER successively and it demonstrated state‐of‐the‐art performance on the COCO database.
Where to look: a collection of methods forMAV heading correction in underground tunnels
Authors: Kanellakis Christoforos , Sharif Mansouri Sina , Castaño Miguel , Karvelis Petros , Kominiak Dariusz , Nikolakopoulos G.
Published: June 2020

Degraded Subterranean environments are an attractive case for miniature aerial vehicles, since there is a constant need to increase the safety operations in underground mines. The starting point for integrating aerial vehicles in the mining process is the capability to reliably navigate along tunnels. Inspired by recent advancements, this paper presents a collection of different, experimentally verified, methods tackling the problem of MAVs heading regulation while navigating in dark and textureless tunnel areas. More specifically, four different methods are presented in this work with the common goal to identify open space in the tunnel and align the MAV heading using either visual sensor in methods a) single image depth estimation, b) darkness contour detection, c) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) regression and 2D Lidar sensor in method d) range geometry. For the works a)‐c) the dark scene in the middle of the tunnel is considered as open space and is processed and converted to yaw rate command, while d) examines the geometry of the range measurements to calculate the yaw rate command. Experimental results from real underground tunnel demonstrate the performance of the methods in the field, while setting the ground for further developments in the aerial robotics community.
Method for automatic railway track surface defect classification and evaluation using a laser‐based 3D model
Authors: Ye Jiaqi , Stewart Edward , Zhang Dingcheng , Chen Qianyu , Roberts Clive
Published: June 2020

Inspection of physical surface defects is a significant concern in many industrial areas. In railway systems, this process mainly includes the detection and classification of defects in rails and wheels, for which laser‐based optical inspection technologies have gradually been applied in the form of 2D profile measurement, benefiting from its high precision and robustness to surface conditions. However, defect classification and evaluation after the initial detection works still rely heavily on human inspectors to make maintenance suggestions. The linear nature of rails makes it possible to increase the dimension of rail measurement data from 2D to 3D by aligning 2D profiles along the rail, from which more comprehensive diagnosis information becomes available. In combination with appropriate artificial intelligence algorithms, this approach can potentially replace human‐dominated defect classification and evaluation work. This study presents a 3D model‐based railway track surface defect classification and evaluation method. A set of geometrical features are extracted from the 3D model of track surface defects to describe a distinguishable pattern for each category of defect. Multi‐class classifiers are then tested and have shown promising results on a group of artificial track surface defects, giving a systemic solution for 3D model‐based automatic track surface defect inspection.
Radar‐based human identification using deep neural network for long‐term stability
Authors: Dong Shiqi , Xia Weijie , Li Yi , Zhang Qi , Tu Dehao
Published: June 2020

Human identification plays a vital role in daily lives. A majority of biometric technologies require the active cooperation of humans, while gait recognition does not. Compared with other identification technologies, radar‐based technology can monitor the human body around the clock without being affected by light/weather, and is not easy to be forged while protecting privacy. Previous researches have revealed that gait signatures acquired using radar can be used for human identification, but there is almost no literature on the long‐term stability of gait signatures. Due to the long‐term interval observation, the human micro‐Doppler will change according to the subject (such as slight differences in walking posture). In this study, a novel network is proposed to realise stable identification of humans by extracting long‐term stable features. The micro‐Doppler data is processed by a short‐time Fourier transform and finally classified by the proposed neural network. Data acquisition was carried out within more than a month. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of the validation set can reach about 99%, and the recognition accuracy of the test set can reach 90% (improved 3% compared with the network without a recurrent neural network), showing the potential of the proposed method in long‐term stable identification.
Calibrated non‐contact vibrational harmonics measurement based on self‐vibration compensated 2D‐PSD with MEMS accelerometer using FFT analysis
Authors: Das Sampa , Saha Ardhendu , Sujith Kumar Chanda
Published: June 2020

This study presents a novel fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based non‐contact vibrational harmonics measurement system using a position sensitive detector (PSD) along with calibration using a piezoelectric accelerometer. Frequency‐domain vibrational analysis is required as the changes in machine dynamics are directly related to its failures and could provide more insight into the vibration signal. In this regard, FFT is used for spectral analysis to detect the harmonics in the vibration signal. The novelty of the applied technique for detecting vibrational harmonics lies in its innate contactless nature where the vibration detection sensor i.e. PSD is placed at a particular distance from the vibrating target. Additionally, the parasitic and external vibrations, which might pose unforeseen errors in the detected vibration data, have been nullified by employing a self‐vibration technique using an ADXL‐345 three‐axis accelerometer. The results obtained through PSD have been calibrated via a standard Brüel & Kjaer (B & K) vibration measurement system which uses a piezoelectric accelerometer (B & K accelerometer). The proposed measurement technique is equipped with NI compact RIO‐9074 that features a real‐time processor and an FPGA. The system was observed to effectively measure the frequency range 5–600 Hz with a maximum relative error of 2% in FFT amplitudes.
Evaluation of vibration measurements on human face using median and maximum frequencies
Authors: Umit Ak Mehmet , Bilgin Suleyman , Oral Okan , Feza Carlak Hamza , Tunga Derin Alper , Derin Narin
Published: June 2020

There are some studies in the literature in order to make the interpretation of human tissues having different characteristics. Some of these studies focused on the evaluation of human face tissues. Vibration signals generated from vocal cords have been used in these studies about human face tissues. However, any study using the vibration signals recorded by applying the external vibration source having fixed frequency value is not available in the literature. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the frequency characteristics of the vibration signals recorded from the human face. These signals obtained from nine different regions on the faces of subjects are analysed using frequency characteristics. In the analysis stage, median and maximum frequency values are calculated and evaluated. So, the softness and hardness interpretation about these regions on the face can be made and the frequency ranges of these regions can be determined. As a result, it is observed that low‐frequency signals are dominant in hard regions and high‐frequency signals are dominant in soft regions.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of soluble salt components accreted on the insulator surface
Authors: Cao Bin , Zhao Chenglong , Yin Fanghui , Wang Liming , Farzaneh Masoud
Published: June 2020

Due to the differences in typical pollution sources, the soluble salt composition deposited on the naturally contaminated insulators varies with the region. As different soluble salts have different effects on the pollution flashover voltage of insulators, it is necessary to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of the soluble salt composition deposited on the insulator surface to make the external insulation design more scientifically and reasonably. In this study, an artificial contamination test platform was built to collect the contamination naturally deposited on the specimens. The test results showed that the contamination composition deposited on the specimen was similar to that in the atmosphere, and the inclination angle of the specimen and the duration of pollution deposition had little influence on the contamination composition. After examining the industrial post insulators from actual substations, it was found that the contamination composition was almost the same for different insulator surface materials, insulator shed types, and voltage polarities. It was also found that the deposited contamination was mostly influenced by pollution sources. The results can provide a reference for the studies of pollution distribution of natural insulators.
Efficient analytical method for the shielding effectiveness of an apertured enclosure based on the BLT equation
Authors: Gong Yanfei , Li Yujie , Jiang Luhang
Published: June 2020

An efficient analytical method based on the Baum–Liu–Tesche (BLT) equation has been developed for predicting the shielding effectiveness (SE) of an apertured enclosure excited by an external plane wave. First, the equivalent circuit and the signal flow graph are constructed, which helps understand the energy transmission of the enclosure. Then, the SE is obtained by using the generalised BLT equation, and the proposed analytical method is employed to analyse the effect of various parameters on the SE. Finally, the analytical method is extended to handle the enclosure with an aperture array, an enclosure with apertures at the opposing walls and two cascaded enclosures. The analytical method has been successfully verified by the CST over a wide frequency band of 0–3.0 GHz, which consumes less time than conventional numerical methods. Besides, whatever the condition of the enclosure or the aperture is, the analytical method can predict the SE and higher‐order modes at higher frequencies accurately.
Efficient method for the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure with electrically large apertures based on the Cohn model and mirror procedure
Authors: Gong Yanfei , Jiang Luhang , Li Yujie
Published: June 2020

An efficient analytical method based on the Cohn model and mirror procedure is proposed for the prediction of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a rectangular enclosure with electrically large apertures. Firstly, the coupled electromagnetic fields are represented by the equivalent dipole moments located at the centre of the aperture according to the Cohn model, where the dipole moments can be calculated based on the mirror procedure. Then, the vector potentials can be obtained through the relation between the dipole moments and the current distribution. Finally, the total electric fields are obtained by using the vector potentials, thus the SE and most of the resonant modes can be predicted accurately and fast. The SE results which have been verified by the CST over a wide frequency band of 0.01–3.0 GHz show that the proposed method is effective in handling the enclosure with electrically large apertures, including the multiple apertures arranged in different ways and hybrid apertures in different shapes and dimensions.
Study on improved cuckoo search algorithm applied in parameters estimation of multi‐layer soil: 1D and 3D
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhou Lijun , Huang Lin , Chen Xue , Zhang Jinfu , Guo Lei
Published: June 2020

In this study, an improved cuckoo search (ICS) algorithm is presented to solve the parameter estimation problem of soil structure. For 1D soil parameters estimation, the objective function is constructed based on the relative root‐mean‐square error between measured and calculated soil apparent resistivity curves. The ICS algorithm extends the search range of soil model parameters through variable control parameters. Optimal resistivity and thickness of each layer are obtained by several different algorithms under the same test conditions based on two known four‐layer soil models without noise. The results show that the ICS algorithm performs better in minimising error. This study also tests the optimisation performance of the ICS algorithm in two actual high‐quality data cases, comparative results of the ICS algorithm and existing literature validate the effectiveness and accuracy of ICS. Moreover, in order to make soil estimation results more visible in a specific area, the combination of the proposed estimated algorithm and a new arrangement way of measurement lines is proposed to estimate 3D soil electric parameter structure in Chengdu, China.
Preliminary Prediction of Rice Planting for Planting Season 2019, 2020, and 2021, Based Water Balance in Freshwater Swampland
Authors: Mayasari Vika , Hairani Anna
Published: June 2020

Climate change that has occurred in recent years causes a shift at the beginning of rice planting. Rice crop failure due to flooding or drought is the main cause of the low Cropping Index in the freshwater swampland such as happened in Swampland Agro Science Park of Banjarbaru. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the preliminary prediction of the rice planting season for planting season (MT) 2019, 2020, and 2021 based on water balance. As for what can be analyzed was the rainfall data as input compared to evapotranspiration through the Hargreaves approach. Then the output obtained in the form of net rate which used to measure the amount of rain every year. M eanwhile, the water requirement for rice was calculated during the period of growth to harvest. After that, the water balance simulation was performed from the difference in water bubbles (net yield rate) with the water needs in the rice field. Based on this water balance simulation obtained that the beginning of rice planting for MT 2019 is May IV-June IV, MT 2020 is June I-July I, and MT 2021 is June II-July II.
Anatomical Structure and Terpenoid Content of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff) Leaves
Authors: Mintowati Kuntorini Evi , Nofaliana Dewi , Dwi Pujawati Eny
Published: June 2020

Zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff) is a member of Rutaceae contain terpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and xanthones which have anti-mosquito activity. This research aimed to observe the anatomical structure, the location, and distribution of terpenoid based on the leaves' age. Anatomical slides preparation of leaves were made using the paraffin embedding method with safranin staining. The distribution of terpenoid was analyzed by the histochemical assay. Leaf anatomical structure shows that the 3rd and 6th leaf bifacial (dorsiventral) consisted of the upper epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and sponge), collateral vascular bundle, parenchyma midrib, abaxial epidermis and oil glands in mesophyll that is underneath both epidermises. The diameter of oil glands with larger sizes was on the 6th leaf, whereas the density is not different in the 3rd and 6th leaves. The histochemical test showed that terpenoid was observed in the leaf vascular bundles, oil glands, and epidermis.
Population dynamics and feeding ecology of the invasive Caucasian dwarf goby, Knipowitschia caucasica, in a freshwater habitat in Ukraine
Authors: Didenko Alexander , Buzevych Igor , Volikov Yuriy , Kruzhylina Svitlana , Gurbyk Alexander
Published: June 2020

Population dynamics and feeding patterns of invasive Knipowitschia caucasica were studied in the littoral zone of the lower Stugna River. The abundances of this goby showed significant inter-annual and seasonal fluctuations. The studied population of K. caucasica was represented by two age groups (0 and I). Fish die after their first breeding season. In total, 58 prey items were identified in the diet of K. caucasica at the sampling site. The most abundant prey were copepods and cladocerans, while the most frequently encountered prey were copepods and chironomid larvae. Copepods were represented mainly by Cyclopoidae. Cladocerans included 21 taxa, among which the most abundant were Diaphanosoma sp., Acroperus harpae, and Disparalona rostrata; chironomids included 22 taxa, among which the most abundant was Cricotopus sylvestris. The diet composition showed seasonal dynamics, where copepods predominated in January to April and in August-September, chironomid larvae were especially important in May to July, while cladocerans were most important in November-December. The relatively high diversity of both phytophilous and open-bottom-dwelling prey organisms in the stomach contents of K. caucasica indicates that this species fed on a large variety of benthic habitats including among macrophytes and open areas.
Microstructure evolution mechanism of Al/Mg dissimilar joint during friction stir welding
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Wenxian , Liu Zepeng , An Decheng , Shi Ning , Zhang Tingting , Ding Min
Published: June 2020

A butt friction stir welding (FSW) process was performed on 6061 Al and AZ31 Mg plates. The microstructure evolutions of the three main regions in the nugget zone (NZ) retained in the FSW joint were systematically investigated to clarify the joint formation mechanism during FSW. The differential etching of these microstructural features was found to produce very vivid flow features. During FSW, the material in the shoulder affected zone (SAZ) was mainly driven by the shoulder, and only a small amount of it was driven by the pin. A strip of Al transferred by the pin from the retreating side (RS) to the advancing side (AS) contacted and reacted with Mg, thus forming intermetallic compounds (IMCs) (e.g., Mg17Al12 and Al3Mg2). Due to the stirring action and tilted angle of the threaded pin, a banded structure (BS) feature tilted at approximately 45° was produced by the alternating lamellae of IMCs. The appearance of an onion ring structure occurred in the severely deformed zone (SDZ), which could be attributed to the reflection effect of the imaginary die wall. Finally, the overall flow pattern of the joint was obtained.
Lipopolysaccharides: structure, function and bacterial identification
Authors: Caroff Martine , Novikov Alexey
Published: June 2020

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They are glycolipids containing a lipid moiety called lipid A, more often made of a bis-phosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide, carrying fatty acids in ester and amide linkages. Lipid A is linked to a core oligosaccharide of about 10 sugars, substituted in the wild-type strains, by long-chain oligosaccharide repetitive units, extending outside the bacteria and representing their main antigens. In addition to determine the serotype of the bacterium, LPS are highly potent biological molecules, capable of eliciting at the level of minute amounts, beneficial, as well as deleterious activities.
Die Lokalisationsfähigkeit schwerhöriger Schulkinder mit und ohne Hörgeräte
Authors: Meuret Sylvia , Berger Thomas , Fuchs Michael , Ludwig Alexandra Annemarie
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Die Richtungslokalisation ist eine Teilleistung der zentralen auditiven Verarbeitung. Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob das Tragen von Hörgeräten die Lokalisationsfähigkeit von nichtsprachlichen Stimuli bei schwerhörigen Schulkindern unterstützt.

Patienten und Methoden 20 Kinder (7–17 Jahre) mit einer beidseitigen, symmetrischen, mittelgradigen peripheren Schallempfindungsschwerhörigkeit (WHO-Grad 2) wurden im Freifeld mit und ohne Hinter-dem-Ohr-Hörgeräte (HG) untersucht. Alle Probanden trugen HG mit individuellen Passstücken. Die Aufgabe war, die Position überschwelliger akustischer Signale im Freifeld mithilfe eines Laserpointers innerhalb einer halbkreisförmigen Anordnung von 45 Lautsprechern anzuzeigen. Es wurden jeweils tief- und hochfrequente Stimuli getestet, um den Einfluss von interauralen Zeit- und Pegelunterschieden auf die Verarbeitung unterscheiden zu können. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen normalhörender Kinder verglichen.

Ergebnisse In unserem Testaufbau gab es keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen der Messung mit und ohne HG, weder für die unterschiedlichen Frequenzbänder noch für die unterschiedlichen getesteten Positionen. Die absolute Abweichung der schwerhörigen Kinder war um 3–4° frontal und 5–11° lateral schlechter als die hörgesunder Kinder. Wie auch normalhörende Schulkinder konnten die schwerhörigen Schulkinder frontale Positionen signifikant besser lokalisieren als laterale. Ebenso zeigte sich keine Altersentwicklung der Lokalisationsfähigkeit.

Schlussfolgerung In unserem Testaufbau konnten HG die schlechtere Lokalisationsfähigkeit schwerhöriger Kinder nicht ausgleichen.
Superior Mid- to Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty Compared to Fixed-Bearing: A Meta-Analysis Based on a Minimum of 5 Years of Study
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Zhang Fang Fang , Yan Xu , Shen Yifan , Cai Weijie , Xu Jiaming , Mei Jiong
Published: June 2020

As more patients undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) each year, and the average age of patients gets younger, the patients are generally more active requiring a greater physiological demand and increasing range of motion on the prosthesis than the previous patients. However, there is no consensus on the optimal TKA tibial bearing design. We performed this systematic review to compare the clinical differences between mobile and fixed bearing constructs used in contemporary TKA. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, identifying 515 total publications, including 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A meta-analysis was performed, while the quality and bias of the evidence were rated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines and the Cochrane Database questionnaire. The meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Seventeen studies were included, with a total of 1505 knees receiving a mobile bearing TKA and 1550 knees receiving a fixed bearing TKA. The meta-analysis compared clinical outcomes between mobile bearing (MB)-TKA and fixed bearing (FB)-TKA using postoperative Knee Society Score, postoperative ROM, and survivorship and showed that there was a distinct difference in Knee Society Score between the mobile-bearing and fixed-bearing groups (overall standardized mean difference = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50–2.25; p = 0.002; I2 = 60%). Patients treated with mobile-bearing prostheses were more likely to report good or excellent range of motion results (overall standardized mean difference = 2.06; 95% CI: 0.65–3.47; p = 0.004). No difference in implant survivorship or reoperation rate were identified. The fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing TKA designs are both capable of producing excellent long-term results with excellent clinical outcomes if properly implanted; however, the mobile-bearing TKA have superiority in mid- to long-term clinical results. Trial registration number for PROSPERO was CRD42019126402.
AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma in a Tertiary University Hospital in Manila, Philippines: A Report of Six Cases
Authors: Catedral Lance Isidore G. , Caro-Chang Leah Antoinette , Tan Harold Nathan , Velasco Rogelio , King Rich Ericson , Ting Frederic Ivan , Mondragon Karen M. , So Roizza Beth , Vergara John Paulo , Fernando Gracieux
Published: June 2020

We report six cases of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) seen at the University of the Philippines–Philippine General Hospital, a tertiary university hospital with a 1,500-bed capacity in Manila, from 2017 to February 2020. All cases involved males (21–47 years old) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Majority came from Metro Manila and had opportunistic infections at the time of KS diagnosis, most commonly pulmonary tuberculosis. Four patients presented with multiple hyperpigmented cutaneous patches. One patient had both cutaneous lesions and necrotic gingival mass. One patient presented with a gastrointestinal mass. One patient underwent systemic chemotherapy (liposomal doxorubicin) but was eventually lost to follow-up. Although considered the most common tumor arising from HIV-infected persons, KS is considered rare in the Philippines. No studies have been undertaken to determine its incidence. However, the incidence may be expected to rise due to the increasing number of Filipinos diagnosed with HIV daily.
Fan-on-Face Therapy in Relieving Dyspnea of Adult Terminally Ill Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mendoza Marvin Jonne L. , Ting Frederic Ivan L. , Vergara John Paulo B. , Sacdalan Danielle Benedict L. , Sandoval-Tan Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Introduction Dyspnea is often encountered in terminally ill cancer patients and is attributed to multiple factors. The use of fan-on-face therapy is a nonpharmacologic adjunct treatment for adult cancer patients suffering from dyspnea at the end-of-life. This study was done to determine if the use of fan-on-face therapy in addition to the standard of care treatment indeed confers clinical benefit to terminally ill adult cancer patients with dyspnea.

Materials and Methods A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the use of fan-on-face therapy in relieving dyspnea among terminally ill adult cancer patients was performed. A computerized search was done in MEDLINE, NICE, CENTRAL, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for relevant articles. Other publications were searched, and authors were contacted for additional information. The primary outcome measure was the mean change in dyspnea score, determined by the Modified Borg Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, or Visual Analog Scale. The secondary outcome was the post-intervention mean change in respiratory rate (RR).

Results Four eligible randomized controlled trials of low to moderate risk of bias employed a total of 139 cancer patients. Fan-on-face therapy was effective in decreasing mean dyspnea scores (standard mean difference = −1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.12, −0.50, p < 0.00001, I2 93%) and improving mean change in RR (mean difference = −0.91, 95% CI: −1.68, −0.15; p = 0.001, I2 = 81%) versus control.

Conclusion Fan-on-face therapy, as an adjunct to standard of care, is effective in alleviating dyspnea among adult cancer patients during the end of life.
Digitale Technologien: Enormes Potenzial für eine bessere Medizin
Authors: Hamm Steffen
Published: June 2020

Wie in allen Lebensbereichen, so sind auch im Gesundheitswesen und explizit der Krankenhauslandschaft Attribute wie „4.0“ oder „smart“ an der Tagesordnung. Meist werden an sie Hoffnungen und Erwartungen geknüpft, die über rein technologische Aspekte deutlich hinausgehen.
25 Jahre öVKT: Krisenerprobt
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: June 2020

Lösungsorientierung, Sachlichkeit, analytisches Denken, strukturiertes Handeln – Fähigkeiten wie diese machen Krankenhaustechniker zu Schlüsselfiguren in der Krise. Im Routinebetrieb agieren Manager für Technik im Gesundheitswesen – so das offizielle Berufsbild - im Hintergrund. Andere Krankenhausmitarbeiter wissen oft nicht einmal genau, was sie alles leisten. Ihre Stärken spielen Krankenhaustechniker nicht nur, aber vor allem dann aus, wenn es brennt – im übertragenen wie im wörtlichen Sinn.
Identification of an eastern short-eared rock-wallaby (
Authors: Ezzy Lea , Grice Anthony C. , Parker Will
Published: June 2020

A new population of eastern short eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale wilkinsi) has been recorded in Queensland. The animals were photographed on a sandstone cliff face in Lawn Hill Gorge, Boodjamulla National Park, ~160 km from the closest record on Wollogorang Station in the Northern Territory. The species was originally thought to occur north of the 600-mm rainfall isohyet, with most of the population found in the monsoonal tropics of the Top End. This record significantly extends the known range of this taxon to the south-east and places P. wilkinsi at the 450-mm rainfall isohyet. Sympatry in rock-wallabies is unusual but P. wilkinsi at Boodjamulla appears to be sympatric with the more common purple necked rock-wallaby (Petrogale purpureicollis). A recent taxonomic revision of the brachyotis group found that there was a significant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) divergence between the Wollogorang record and the rest of the P. wilkinsi group further north, but further genetic sampling across the southern Gulf of Carpentaria is required to determine whether these populations represent an additional distinct taxon.
Livestock depredation by tigers and people’s perception towards conservation in a biological corridor of Bhutan and its conservation implications
Authors: Letro Letro , Fischer Klaus
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Context An effective management of human–wildlife conflict is key to successful conservation, especially in areas where large carnivores occur. This is particularly important when new conservation regimes such as biological corridors are to be operationalised, as is the case in Bhutan.
Aims The aim of the study was to determine livestock depredation by tigers in a biological corridor (BC) in Bhutan and to assess the people’s perception towards tiger conservation and BC management.
Methods A semi-structured questionnaire survey with both open- and closed-ended questions was administered to 91 households from 10 villages. Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between predictor and response variables and multivariate logistic regressions to determine factors affecting the attitude of people towards conservation.
Key results Livestock losses were common, with 69% of respondents losing one or more livestock to predators between 2016 and 2018. Tigers were responsible for 58.9% of all kills. The people’s awareness of the BC was low (16%), but still they had a positive attitude towards tiger conservation (68%) and BC management (65%). Knowledge on the BC was higher in males than in females, in people with than without a formal education, and in inner- than buffer-zone villages. The respondents’ attitude towards conservation was significantly more positive in people being aware of the BC, with a formal education, and that had not suffered livestock depredation.
Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that tigers are active in the BC and that livestock depredation is high. People’s knowledge on the BC was low, and a positive attitude towards conservation was driven by cultural values and education level. Implementation of preventive measures, addressing depredation issues and conducting awareness education programs, will further enhance positive attitudes.
Implications The present study highlighted the need for wildlife damage prevention and mitigating the prevailing conflicts in the BCs. Additionally, communities in and around the BCs need to be informed of conservation programs so that they become conservation partners.
“A great crisis of identification and understanding of reality”
Authors: Nigri Lucia
Published: June 2020

Shakespeare’s plays proved crucial in Strehler’s career in many respects as they provided ‘narratives’ through which he could interpret the sequence of cultural, political, and social crises that he acknowledged, experienced personally, and more or less directly addressed in his own theatre. This chapter explores how, through specific Shakespearean plays, these crises – which were both individual and collective – raised in Strehler questions on the nature of history. It also explores Strehler’s interrogation of the role of man in a world dominated by monotonous and nonsensical power games from the perspective of a cyclic view of history. Strehler’s encounter with Shakespeare is examined through his own writings as well as reviews and other related material. This constitutes a second-level focus mapping onto the role of different types of narratives in our reconstruction of Strehler’s own dynamic understanding of Italy within the international context over a time-span of thirty years.
2,3-Dimethylpyrazine (3DP) and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) generated by the Maillard reaction in foods affect autonomic nervous activity and central nervous activity in human
Authors: Ohata Motoko , Zhou Lanxi , Yada Yukihiro , Yokoyama Issei , Arihara Keizo
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the effect of the odors generated by the glycine/glucose Maillard reaction and the potent odorants 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (3DP) and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) on the human mood and integrative physiological activity. The score of certain subjective moods, especially anger-hostility, and tension-anxiety were decreased significantly after inhalation of the Maillard reaction sample and DMHF, and fatigue-inertia mood was also significantly decreased by DMHF, suggesting a sedative effect of these odors on mood, while 3DP had no effect. Miosis rate and fingertip temperature increased significantly following inhalation of the odor from the Maillard reaction sample and both potent odorants, suggesting that the parasympathetic nervous system dominates through suppression of the sympathetic activity. The physiological relaxing effect of these odors was also confirmed by decreased flicker frequency value and decreased oxyhemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex.
Ab initio electronic structure of the Sr2
+ molecular ion
Authors: Śmiałkowski Michał , Korona Tatiana , Tomza Michał
Published: June 2020

Molecular ions formed in cold hybrid ion–atom experiments may find interesting applications ranging from precision measurements to controlled chemical reactions. Here, we investigate the electronic structure of the

Sr

2

+

molecular ion, which may be produced by photoassociation of laser-cooled Sr+ ions immersed in an ultracold gas of Sr atoms or by ionization of ultracold Sr2 molecules. Using ab initio electronic structure methods, such as the coupled cluster and configuration interaction ones with small-core relativistic energy-consistent pseudopotentials and large Gaussian basis sets, we calculate potential energy curves for the ground and 41 excited electronic states, and electric dipole transition moments between them. We show that alkaline-earth molecular ions, despite their apparently simple structure with only three valence electrons, are challenging for state-of-the-art quantum chemistry methods due to their multireference nature and high density of states. Finally, we calculate and analyze Franck–Condon factors governing the photoionization of ground-state Sr2 molecules into

Σ

u

+

2

and

Σ

g

+

2

states of

Sr

2

+

molecular ions. The present results may be useful for studying and guiding the formation and spectroscopy of cold

Sr

2

+

molecular ions.
Eden growth models for flat clathrin lattices with vacancies
Authors: Frey Felix , Bucher Delia , Sochacki Kem A , Taraska Justin W , Boulant Steeve , Schwarz Ulrich S
Published: June 2020

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is one of the major pathways by which cells internalise cargo molecules. Recently it has been shown that clathrin triskelia can first assemble as flat lattices before the membrane starts to bend. However, for fully assembled clathrin lattices high energetic and topological barriers exist for the flat-to-curved transition. Here we explore the possibility that flat clathrin lattices grow with vacancies that are not visible in traditional imaging techniques but would lower these barriers. We identify the Eden model for cluster growth as the most appropriate modeling framework and systematically derive the four possible variants that result from the specific architecture of the clathrin triskelion. Our computer simulations show that the different models lead to clear differences in the statistical distributions of cluster shapes and densities. Experimental results from electron microscopy and correlative light microscopy provide first indications for the model variants with a moderate level of lattice vacancies.
Effect of degree correlation on edge controllability of real networks*
Authors: Liu Shu-Lin , Pang Shao-Peng
Published: June 2020

We use the controllability limit theory to study impact of correlation between in- and out-degrees (degree correlation) on edge controllability of real networks. Simulation results and analytic calculations show that the degree correlation plays an important role in the edge controllability of real networks, especially dense real networks. The upper and lower controllability limits hold for all kinds of real networks. Any edge controllability in between the limits is achievable by properly adjusting the degree correlation. In addition, we find that the edge dynamics in some real networks with positive degree correlation may be difficult to control, and explain the rationality of this anomaly based on the controllability limit theory.
Highly efficient bifacial semitransparent perovskite solar cells based on molecular doping of CuSCN hole transport layer*
Authors: Hou Shixin , Shi Biao , Wang Pengyang , Li Yucheng , Zhang Jie , Chen Peirun , Chen Bingbing , Hou Fuhua , Huang Qian , Ding Yi , Li Yuelong , Zhang Dekun , Xu Shengzhi , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: June 2020

Coper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is generally considered as a very hopeful inorganic hole transport material (HTM) in semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) because of its low parasitic absorption, high inherent stability, and low cost. However, the poor electrical conductivity and low work function of CuSCN lead to the insufficient hole extraction and large open-circuit voltage loss. Here, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is employed to improve conductivity of CuSCN and band alignment at the CuSCN/perovskite (PVK) interface. As a result, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is boosted by ≈ 11%. In addition, benefiting from the superior transparency of p-type CuSCN HTMs, the prepared bifacial semitransparent n–i–p planar PSCs demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 14.8% and 12.5% by the illumination from the front side and back side, respectively. We believe that this developed CuSCN-based ST-PSCs will promote practical applications in building integrated photovoltaics and tandem solar cells.
Hidden Anderson localization in disorder-free Ising–Kondo lattice*
Authors: Yang Wei-Wei , Zhang Lan , Guo Xue-Ming , Zhong Yin
Published: June 2020

Anderson localization (AL) phenomena usually exist in systems with random potential. However, disorder-free quantum many-body systems with local conservation can also exhibit AL or even many-body localization transition. We show that the AL phase exists in a modified Kondo lattice without external random potential. The density of state, inverse participation ratio and temperature-dependent resistance are computed by classical Monte Carlo simulation, which uncovers an AL phase from the previously studied Fermi liquid and Mott insulator regimes. The occurrence of AL roots from quenched disorder formed by conservative localized moments. Interestingly, a many-body wavefunction is found, which captures elements in all three paramagnetic phases and is used to compute their quantum entanglement. In light of these findings, we expect that the disorder-free AL phenomena can exist in generic translation-invariant quantum many-body systems.
Damping of displaced chaotic light field in amplitude dissipation channel*
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Lan-Lan , Fan Hong-Yi
Published: June 2020

We explore how a displaced chaotic light (DCL) behaves in an amplitude dissipation channel, and what is its time evolution formula of photon number distribution. With the use of the method of integration within ordered product product of operator (IWOP) and the new binomial theorem involving two-variable Hermite polynomials we obtain the evolution law of DCL in the channel.
Simulation study of device physics and design of GeOI TFET with PNN structure and buried layer for high performance*
Authors: Wang Bin , Hu Sheng , Feng Yue , Li Peng , Hu Hui-Yong , Shu Bin
Published: June 2020

Large threshold voltage and small on-state current are the main limitations of the normal tunneling field effect transistor (TFET). In this paper, a novel TFET with gate-controlled P+N+N+ structure based on partially depleted GeOI (PD-GeOI) substrate is proposed. With the buried P+-doped layer (BP layer) introduced under P+N+N+ structure, the proposed device behaves as a two-tunneling line device and can be shut off by the BP junction, resulting in a high on-state current and low threshold voltage. Simulation results show that the on-state current density I
on of the proposed TFET can be as large as 3.4 × 10−4 A/μm, and the average subthreshold swing (SS) is 55 mV/decade. Moreover, both of I
on and SS can be optimized by lengthening channel and buried P+ layer. The off-state current density of TTP TFET is 4.4 × 10−10 A/μm, and the threshold voltage is 0.13 V, showing better performance than normal germanium-based TFET. Furthermore, the physics and device design of this novel structure are explored in detail.
Crystallization and characteristics of {100}-oriented diamond with CH4N2S additive under high pressure and high temperature*
Authors: Li Yong , Tan Debing , Wang Qiang , Xiao Zhengguo , Tian Changhai , Chen Lin
Published: June 2020

Diamond crystallization was carried out with CH4N2S additive in the FeNiCo-C system at pressure 6.0 GPa and temperature ranging from 1290 °C to 1300 °C. The crystallization qualities of the synthetic crystals were characterized by Raman spectra and the Raman peaks located at 1331 cm−1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that the hydrogen-related absorption peak of the as-grown diamond was at 2920 cm−1, respectively. Interestingly, A-center nitrogen was observed in the obtained diamond and the characteristic absorption peaks located at 1095 cm−1 and 1282 cm−1. Especially, the absorption peak at 1426 cm−1 attributing to the aggregation B-center nitrogen defect was distinctly found when the CH4N2S content reached 0.3 mg in the synthesis system, which was extremely rare in synthetic diamond. Furthermore, optical color centers in the synthesized crystals were investigated by photoluminescence (PL).
Modulation of carrier lifetime in MoS2 monolayer by uniaxial strain*
Authors: Hong Hao , Cheng Yang , Wu Chunchun , Huang Chen , Liu Can , Yu Wentao , Zhou Xu , Ma Chaojie , Wang Jinhuan , Zhang Zhihong , Zhao Yun , Xiong Jie , Liu Kaihui
Published: June 2020

Carrier lifetime is one of the most fundamental physical parameters that characterizes the average time of carrier recombination in any material. The control of carrier lifetime is the key to optimizing the device function by tuning the electro–optical conversion quantum yield, carrier diffusion length, carrier collection process, etc. Till now, the prevailing modulation methods are mainly by defect engineering and temperature control, which have limitations in the modulation direction and amplitude of the carrier lifetime. Here, we report an effective modulation on the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited carriers in two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 monolayer by uniaxial tensile strain. The combination of optical ultrafast pump–probe technique and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy reveals that the carrier dynamics through Auger scattering, carrier–phonon scattering, and radiative recombination keep immune to the strain. But strikingly, the uniaxial tensile strain weakens the trapping of photoexcited carriers by defects and therefore prolongs the corresponding carrier lifetime up to 440% per percent applied strain. Our results open a new avenue to enlarge the carrier lifetime of 2D MoS2, which will facilitate its applications in high-efficient optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Interface and border trapping effects in normally-off Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with different post-etch surface treatments*
Authors: Jing Si-Qi , Ma Xiao-Hua , Zhu Jie-Jie , Zhang Xin-Chuang , Liu Si-Yu , Zhu Qing , Hao Yue
Published: June 2020

Trapping effect in normally-off Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) high-electron-mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs) with post-etch surface treatment was studied in this paper. Diffusion-controlled interface oxidation treatment and wet etch process were adopted to improve the interface quality of MOS-HEMTs. With capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement, the density of interface and border traps were calculated to be 1.13 × 1012 cm−2 and 6.35 × 1012 cm−2, effectively reduced by 27% and 14% compared to controlled devices, respectively. Furthermore, the state density distribution of border traps with large activation energy was analyzed using photo-assisted C–V measurement. It is found that irradiation of monochromatic light results in negative shift of C–V curves, which indicates the electron emission process from border traps. The experimental results reveals that the major border traps have an activation energy about 3.29 eV and the change of post-etch surface treatment process has little effect on this major activation energy.
Super Deformable Behavior in Layered Structure InSe Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wu Hong , Peng Kunling , Shen Xingchen , Gong Xiangnan , Zheng Sikang , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: June 2020

The authors of the article entitled 'Super Deformable Behavior in Layered Structure InSe Single Crystals' found that the strain calculation is incorrect in the Mechanical Analysis section. Consequently, this paper has been withdrawn from publication.