bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Moscow University to the Development of Schools in the Moscow School District in the Early 19th Century
Authors: Gracheva Julija
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article explores the role of Moscow University in the formation and development of secondary and primary education institutions. One of the main means of university control of schools was a number of professors’ visits. Methods and materials. The author applies the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. For the first time, systematic reports from visitors and reports of trustees of the Moscow school district for the period 1803–1811 stored in the Russian State Historical Archive are used as the main sources for the history of visits.

Analysis. Inspection of high schools and district schools of the district was carried out by professors annually. Visitors were appointed by the University Council at the suggestion of the trustee. The main purpose of such trips was to control the economic and education life of schools. After return, they provided the university authorities with review journals, on the basis of which school officials were awarded or dismissed. The visitors were present as deputies from the university at solemn celebrations dedicated to opening or transforming education institutions. According to the visitors, the main obstacle to increasing the number of education institutions in the Moscow school district was the unsatisfactory condition of a large part of school houses and the lack of capable teachers. This slowed down the pace of converting small public schools into county schools and required additional funds and donations from the local population.

Results. Analysis of visitor reports allows us to prove that the professors were attentive to the tasks set for them, tried to visit every education institution located in the provinces they inspected. Visiting trips attracted the attention of the provincial and district authorities, as well as local residents to the needs of education institutions.
Students and Superintendents: From “Family Style” to Moral and Political Supervision (Based on Materials of Pedagogical Institute and St. Petersburg University of 1800s – 1850s)
Authors: Kazakova Ksenia , Zhukovskaya Tatyana
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The authors attempt to trace the evolution of relations between students and superintendents based on archival materials of Pedagogical Institute and St. Petersburg University.

Methods. The research is carried out within the framework of the systems approach using historical methods to determine the specifics of the power relations in Russian universities in the first half of the 19th century.

Analysis and results. University relationships were changed under the influence of social and political factors, the evolution of the organizational foundations of the university. The relations of students and a superintendent, who was initially chosen from professors, were of a “patriarchal” nature, and the small size of the university community and its isolation from the urban life of Saint Petersburg contributed to the design of a special “family style” of communication. With the increase in the number of students, it becomes necessary to clarify the legal boundaries of student freedom and strengthen police supervision. A detailed system of norms and prohibitions was legislated, and supervision of its implementation was entrusted to a superintendent, who was elected from civilian or military officials. Excessive strengthening of disciplinary supervision of students ended in all sorts of conflicts between students and superintendents.
Islands of Good Government: Explaining Successful Corruption Control in Two Spanish Cities
Authors: Drápalová Eliška , Di Mascio Fabrizio
Published: May 2020

Between 2012 and 2018, Spanish public opinion has been shaken by a seemingly endless series of corruption scandals, to the point that corruption has become one of the main long-term concerns of the Spanish population, according to nation-wide surveys. Despite the sharp rise in corruption scandals within local authorities, there are Spanish cities that have managed to limit corruption and build a transparent and efficient government, which stand out as islands of integrity and good governance. This article qualitatively investigates two cities in Spain—Alcobendas and Sant Cugat del Vallès—which, despite being in a region with comparatively lower quality of government, have managed to successfully control corruption. We argue that the key to success is the administrative reorganization prompted by the appointment of city managers that institutionalized professional management. Findings also have implications for practitioners, meaning that complex anti-corruption legislative frameworks will not work within an overburdened administration unless the administrative structure is reformed.
Rupture Characteristics and Bedrock Structural Control of the 2016 Mw 6.0 Intraplate Earthquake in the Petermann Ranges, Australia
Authors: Attanayake Januka , King Tamarah R. , Quigley Mark C. , Gibson Gary , Clark Dan , Jones Abraham , Brennand Sarah L. , Sandiford Mike
Published: May 2020

The 20 May 2016 surface-rupturing intraplate earthquake in the Petermann Ranges is the largest onshore earthquake to occur in the Australian continent in 19 yr. We use in situ and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar surface observations, aftershock distribution, and the fitting of P-wave source spectra to determine source properties of the Petermann earthquake. Surface observations reveal a 21-km-long surface rupture trace (strike=294°±29°) with heterogeneous vertical displacements (<0.1–0.96  m). Aftershock arrays suggest a triangular-shaped rupture plane (dip  ≈  30°) that intersects the subsurface projection of the major geophysical structure (Woodroffe thrust [WT]) proximal to the preferred location of the mainshock hypocenter, suggesting the mainshock nucleated at a fault junction. Footwall seismicity includes apparent southwest-dipping Riedel-type alignments, including possible activation of the deep segment of the WT. We estimate a moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.0 and a corner frequency (fc) of 0.2 Hz, respectively, from spectral fitting of source spectra in the 0.02–2 Hz frequency band. These translate into a fault area of 124  km2 and an average slip of 0.36 m. The estimated stress drop of 2.2 MPa is low for an intraplate earthquake; we attribute this to low-frictional slip (effective coefficient of friction >0.015) along rupture-parallel phyllosilicate-rich surfaces within the host rock fabric with possible additional contributions from elevated pore-fluid pressures.
Retrospective study of multiple factors imparting effect on pregnancy outcomes in an in-vitro-fertilization centre
Authors: Singh Preksha T. , Singhvi Shreyans D. , Kachhia Utkarsh , Punjabi Trishala , Punjabi Shital , Punjabi Rajesh
Published: May 2020

Background: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles include in vitro fertilization of the sperm and ovum and transferring the embryo formed into the uterus of the patients. In ART cycles, there is still a shroud of doubt regarding the pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer on day 3 versus the embryo transfers on day 5 as well the better pregnancy outcome with fresh versus frozen embryo transfer and the number of embryos transferred. This study is aimed to evaluate these factors and study the way to optimize methods to obtain highest pregnancy outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 87 patients who had undergone embryo transfers during the duration of the study from an IVF centre in Ahmedabad. Multiple factors were studied and the clinical outcome was tabulated. The pregnancy outcomes were compared using the values of beta- hcg (human chorionic gonadotropin). The data was compiled and analyzed using Google spreadsheets. To find the statistical difference between different factors- the statistical method of Fischer’s exact test and p-value was used.Results: No statistical difference between day 3 and day 5 embryo transfer as well as between frozen and fresh embryo transfer were both. All of them were found equally efficacious, although 3 and 5 number of embryo transfers were found efficacious.Conclusions: In conclusion authors recommend a day 5 embryo transfer with 3 or 5 embryos which are best-quality frozen or fresh embryos to achieve maximum pregnancy outcomes.
Randomised controlled trial: comparing effects of metformin versus myoinositol versus metformin and myoinositol on ovarian functions and metabolic factors in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Thakur Shikha Singh , Anjum Shaheen , Siddiqui S. S.
Published: May 2020

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) characterized by anovulation and features of hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical) and insulin resistance. Metformin and myoinositol being insulin sensitizers improve clinical and biochemical parameters. This study was done to compare the effects of these drugs on clinical features and biochemical profile.Methods: A randomized, comparative, clinical study was conducted on 72 patients. The patients were randomized with the help of computer-generated random numbers and were allocated to either of the three treatment groups A, B and C. Patients in group A received metformin 500 mg TDS, group B received myoinositol 1000 mg BD, group C received combination of metformin 500 mg and myoinositol 550 mg BD for 24 weeks. At first visit patients detailed history and baseline investigations were recorded. Follow up was done 24 weeks after start of therapy to assess the improvement in clinical and biochemical profile.Results: There was significant improvement in menstrual irregularities, cutaneous manifestations, pregnancy rate, LH/FSH ratio, insulin sensitivity and HOMA-IR after 24 weeks of treatment in all three groups (p value <0.05), although there was greater improvement in cases treated with combination of metformin and myoinositol than metformin and myoinositol alone.Conclusions: The combination of metformin and myoinositol has resulted in more significant reduction in insulin resistance and improvement in metabolic and hormonal profile along with regularization of menstrual cycles and spontaneous conception than metformin and myoinositol alone.
Clinical study of tubectomy and it’s complications
Authors: Abdul Aziz Fasiha T. , R. Kruthi
Published: May 2020

Background: Tubectomy is most accepted method of contraception in India. Female sterilization may be performed in several ways such as abdominal tubal ligation, laparoscopic and hysteroscopic methods. Although considered as minor and safe procedure, complications leading to even death have been reported. So, this study was taken up to study complications of different types of tubal ligation. Objective of this study was to study complications of different types of tubal ligation.Methods: This is a prospective analytical study over the period of 18 months. This study includes all cases that have reported or referred as female sterilization complication.Results: At study institute both laparoscopic tubal ligation (TL) and abdominal tubal ligation are done. During the period of 18 months, 50 cases of tubectomy complications were noted at our institute, out of 40 cases (80%) were of abdominal method and rest 10 (20%) were of laparoscopic method. In 33 cases (66%) sterilization was performed at primary health centre. 3 cases of death reported in this study.Conclusions: At study institute both laparoscopic tubal ligation (TL) and abdominal tubal ligation are done. During the period of 18 months, 50 cases of tubectomy complications were noted at our institute, out of 40 cases (80%) were of abdominal method and rest 10 (20%) were of laparoscopic method. In 33 cases (66%) sterilization was performed at primary health centre. 3 cases of death reported in this study.
Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a case diagnosis, management and follow-up in the department of gynecology-obstetrics II of the Hassan II teaching hospital of Fes in Morocco
Authors: Conte Alpha Boubacar , Jamor Jihad , Alaoui Fatima Zohra Fdili , Jayi Sofia , Chaara Hikmat , Melhouf Moulay Abdelilah
Published: May 2020

Rarely diagnosed in authors department, uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is one of the histologic types of uterine sarcoma. Among women undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy for a presumed diagnosis of leiomyoma, 0.01% receive a diagnosis of STUMP. Authors report a case occurring to a patient aged of 55 which was diagnosed, managed successfully and followed-up in authors department.
Prevalence and associated factors of computer vision syndrome among the computer engineering students of Pokhara University affiliated colleges of Kathmandu valley
Authors: Sitaula Kanchan , Kafle Navaraj , Acharya Aashish , Mishra Ved Prakash
Published: May 2020

Background: The increasing use of computers and electronic devices is rapidly increasing the related health issues of computer vision syndrome. Studies have identified longer use of computers, ergonomic practices as lighting condition of room, incorrect distance between eye and computer, refresh rate, use of spectacles were associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS) symptoms as back pain, tension, headache and others. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of CVS among computer engineering students of Pokhara University affiliated colleges of Kathmandu Valley and identify the associated factors and preventive measures being practiced by the students.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using self-administered questionnaire among 234 undergraduate computer engineering students of Kathmandu Valley. Chi-square test was used to identify the association with computer vision syndrome and its determinants.Results: The prevalence of computer vision syndrome among the computer engineering students was found to be 76.50%. Only 39.3% were found to be using computer in upright with straight back posture and 73.5% were using computer at distance less than or equal to 50 cm. The 81.2% of participants were not following the 20/20/20 rule. During age, use of vision aid lens and use of protective eye glasses and artificial eye drops were found associated with CVS.Conclusions:The study revealed that the prevalence of computer vision syndrome was significantly high. Individuals using vision aid lens were found to be at risk of developing CVS and use of protective eye glass and artificial tears were found protective.
Embarazo gemelar
Authors: Jubiz Hasbun Alfonso
Published: May 2020

El embarazo gemelar se ha considerado como un estado patológico y como tal debe realizarse su manejo. (3) El riesgo de esta patología gestacional repercute en la madre, en los fetos y recién nacidos. Desde el punto de vista materno las complicaciones más frecuentes son el hidramnios, la anemia y la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo.
Discurso del Dr. Rubén Darío Guzmán Alandete presidente de la Sociedad Colombiana de Obstetricia y ginecología
Authors: Guzmán Alandete Rubén Darío
Published: May 2020

Ha querido la Junta Directiva de la Sociedad Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología, con motivo de cumplir nuestra Sociedad su cuadragésimo aniversario de fundada, efectuar esta reunion en este sitio sagrado, histórico y lleno de recuerdos, como es el Hospital Materno Infantil, ya que en esta Institución fue donde se fundó.
Morbilidad materna, morbimortalidad fetal en diabetes tipo I y II
Authors: Gómez T . Gustavo , Home M. Fabio , Escobar N. Raúl M.
Published: May 2020

Se analizan 54 pacientes diabéticas embarazadas en el período comprendido en 1980-1982, controladas en la Clínica de Embarazo de Alto Riesgo del Hospital Universitario del Valle, manejadas en forma conjunta entre el Servicio de Obstetricia y la Clínica de Endocrinología Ginecológica.
Embarazo posterior a vaginoplastia por atresia
Authors: Amorocho P. Nestor H. , Goldenberg Bension
Published: May 2020

Se presenta un caso de ausencia de vagina, que aunque no corresponde a defecto congénito, se trata de atresia iatrogénica debida a traumatismo por accidente automoviliario de la paciente cuando tenía un año de edad. Se efectuó cirugía reparadora y después de tres intervenciones se logró estado funcional de vagina para obtener embarazo posterior que termina por cesárea y luego un nuevo embarazo que cursa normalmente.
Nuevo enfoque en el tratamiento de la hipertensión crónica y embarazo
Authors: Soto-Yances Antonio , Hernández-Arias Víctor , Niebles Rafael , Barrios-Amaya Jaime
Published: May 2020

Se presentan ocho (8) casos de pacientes hipertensas crónicas (No toxémicas) con embarazo mayor de 28 semanas, a las cuales se aplicó el esquema terapéutico escalonado, utilizando como drogas básicas un vasodilatador (Endralazina-Sandoz) sola o asociada a un beta bloqueador (Visken-Sandoz), observándose una disminución progresiva de la presión arterial de acuerdo a la dosis y al tiempo de administración y el estado del recién nacido, valorado por el puntaje de Apgar a los 5 minutos fue optimo (mayor de 7) en la mayoría de los casos, no observándose cambios clínicos significativos.
Efectos de la heroína, marihuana, LSD y metadona sobre la reproducción
Authors: Pardo G. , Remohi J. , Pellicer A. , Bonilla-Musoles F.
Published: May 2020

El uso de los estupefacientes es tan viejo como la propia humanidad .Una descripción del cultivo y preparación del opio no muy diferentes de los métodos modernos han sido hallados en las tablillas asirias que datan del 7000 antes de C. (64).
Efectos de la clonidina sobre el bochorno y otros síntomas asociados en la mujer menopáusica
Authors: De la Cruz Segura Jairo , Santos Hernando Alberto , Suso Ayerbe Juan Pablo
Published: May 2020

El bochorno es el síntoma que puede anunciar la menopausia meses o años antes de que terminen las menstruaciones en la mujer climatérica (1). Este síntoma, más molesto que ningún otro de los que acompañan a la menopausia, hace que la mujer busque alivio terapéutico. A pesar del aumento de la longevidad en las últimas décadas, el promedio de edad para la cesación de la función ovárica ha permanecido estable aproximadamente en 51.4 años (3).
Inducción de ovulación: I Clomifeno
Authors: Gómez Tabarez Gustavo , Londoño Rubén Darío , Cohen Patricia
Published: May 2020

El factor ovulatorio ocupa un lugar importante entre las causas de infertilidad femenina. En nuestra clínica es del orden del 25-30% entre todas las causas que la producen. El diagnóstico más frecuente entre las pacientes anovulatorios, es el Síndrome de Ovario Androgénico (SOA). Sin embargo, hay otras causas que necesitan ser diferenciadas del SOA, puesto que, plantean un enfoque terapéutico diferente. Un paciente que no responde a un plan terapeútico inicial, es susceptible de otro régimen terapéutico, si se ha hecho un diagnóstico etiológico de la causa de anovulación.
Neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional en H.U.V. Cali - Colombia Enero 1o. de 1979 - Diciembre 31 de 1983
Authors: Zúñiga J. E. , Mesa Gilberto , Briceño Freddy
Published: May 2020

Las neoplasias trofoblásticas gestacionales se originan de trofoblasto del embarazo humano. Ellas son injertos de tejido maligno coriónico fetal en el huésped materno. Producen en forma invariable hCG, la cual está directamente relacionada con el número de células tumorales vivas presentes. Desde la introducción de la Quimioterapia se han convertido en una de las neoplasias de mayor curabilidad .
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА НЕФТЕПРОДУКТОВ С УЧЕТОМ СЕЗОННОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ АВТОРЕГРЕССИОННЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Тугашова Лариса Геннадьевна , Затонский Андрей Владимирович
Published: May 2020

Актуальность.Автомобильный бензин, дизельное топливо и другие нефтепродукты отличаются сезонностью потребления, способом транспортировки, территорией реализации. Изменение спросана нефтепродукты под влиянием названных факторов приводит к изменению ассортимента и объемов производства различных видов топлива. В связи с этим актуальной задачей является планирование производства нефтепродуктов. Предложено решать задачу прогнозирования выработки нефтепродуктовс помощью авторегресионных моделей с учетом фактора сезонности. Цель:разработка и выбор по критериям адекватности математических моделей, пригодных для прогнозирования выработки светлых нефтепродуктов. Объекты: процесс выработки нефтепродуктов. Модели построены по данным единой межведомственной информационно-статистической системы. Методы исследованияоснованы на использовании методов математического и имитационного моделирования. Результаты.Проведен обзор методов моделирования временных рядов производства и потребления топливно-энергетических ресурсов. Выполнено сравнение различных математических моделей прогнозирования выработки автомобильного бензина на примере Приволжского федерального округа. Разработаны модели, отличающиеся учетом сезонной компоненты и видом тренда. Предложено использование мультипликативной модели, содержащей тренд в виде линейной, авторегрессионной, авторегрессионно-степенной модели с вычислением индекса сезонности. Выявлено, что лучшие результатыпо критерию средней относительной погрешности получены с применением моделис авторегрессионно-степенным трендом.Показана работоспособность полученной модели на примере федеральных округов РФ для оценки выработки автомобильного бензина и дизельного топлива. Результаты исследований получены с применением программного пакетаMatlab.Выполнен постпрогноз выработки топлив по предлагаемой модели со средней относительной погрешностью, не превышающей 11 %.
Zamyatin studies in Tambov: results and prospects
Authors: Osmukhina Olga Y.
Published: May 2020

The study is devoted to the comprehension of activities of Tambov scientists involved in the study of the Y.I. Zamyatin’s works. We analyze the materials of the “Zamyatin readings” of 1992–2014. We draw conclusion that Tambov literature studies scholars managed to accumulate and generalize a huge bibliographic, historical-literary and linguistic material, structure and comprehend archival material, and analyze the vast Zamyatin’s heritage. Moreover, the prospects of the Tambov science school are obvious: firstly, the further study of the Y.I. Zamyatin’s heritage in the context of both the “near” and the contemporary culture – domestic and western, and secondly, the remaining problematic nature of many issues of Zamyatin studies and primarily related to textology.
Neologisms in the language of German press
Authors: Lapenkov Denis S. , Olejnik Olga V.
Published: May 2020

Constant appearance of new words in the language requires continuous systematic study of these lexical units. The subject of this work is neologisms in the German language of press. The objective is as follows: to identify the specific of the new nominations formation and their complex description on the material of the German press. The tasks of the research are: to study the features of neologisms of recent years, to trace the causes of their emergence, to consider the ways of their formation, to trace the criteria of registering them in dictionaries, to identify the role of neologisms in German press. The material for the study is the reports and articles of social and political newspapers and magazines: Spiegel online, Zeit online, Der Tagesspiegel online, Westfalenpost online. I n this work the following linguistic methods are used as tools: definition analysis, continuous sampling method, component analysis, linguistic description method, as well as considering the context in the analysis of the studied lexical units. The research of new nominations on the material of the German press allowed us to conclude that the revealed neologisms are mostly compound nouns, the percentage of other parts of speech among neologisms is small. This is due to the fact that innovations in the press are the result of messages compression, as well as a way of expressing the emotional and expressive coloring of the events in the social and political life of the Germans.
Pesquisas em recursos de alta tecnologia para comunicação e transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Schirmer Carolina Rizzotto
Published: May 2020

Cerca de um terço dos indivíduos diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) não conseguem desenvolver a oralidade. Os benefícios da Comunicação Alternativa (CA) para pessoas com TEA são bem reconhecidos e podem ser usados ​​para ampliar a fala limitada ou atuar como o método de comunicação principal (ou seja, alternativo).  Os dispositivos de geração de fala referem-se a uma variedade de soluções de alta tecnologia, incluindo dispositivos de comunicação eletrônica dedicados (comunicadores/vocalizadores), processadores de texto com voz sintetizada e dispositivos móveis multifuncionais (ex. iPad, iPod e tablets com sistema Android) carregados com aplicativos de CA, e que são um opções viáveis para indivíduos com autismo. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar os estudos que investigam a alta tecnologia para comunicação e TEA,  publicados no Augmentative and Alternative Communication Journal, que é o periodico oficial da Sociedade Internacional de Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa (ISAAC), no período de 2011 a 2018. Esta é uma área nova de conhecimento que está em rápido crescimento e com poucos estudos no Brasil. Os resultados dos 15 artigos analisados indicam que pessoas com TEA se beneficiam com o uso da alta tecnologia. Pesquisas futuras em criação de recursos de comunicação, intervenção com  usuários e descrição dos repertórios verbais são recomendadas.
A imigração haitiana e as mudanças no espaço urbano da cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Pachi Priscilla
Published: May 2020

Este artigo aborda as mudanças ocorridas no espaço urbano da cidade de São Paulo motivadas pela recente imigração haitiana. De acordo com dados da Polícia Federal, que cobrem o período entre 2010 e 2017, 15.773 haitianos declararam residência na cidade de São Paulo. A partir das formulações teóricas desenvolvidas por Sassen (1993) sobre cidades globais, analisa-se a globalidade da cidade de São Paulo no contexto da realidade brasileira e da periferia do capitalismo onde a inserção desses imigrantes no espaço urbano ocorre, segundo Alain Tarrius (2002), por meio de uma “globalização por baixo” que revela a precariedade da vida que se manifesta como resultado dos baixos salários e da superexploração dessa força de trabalho. Para compor esta análise, foram utilizados registros e dados de pesquisa do OBMigra, da Polícia Federal e do Eixo Trabalho da Missão Paz, em São Paulo. Também foram realizadas pesquisa de campo com base na observação, análise documental e entrevistas com imigrantes haitianos.
Moderate Intensity of Physical Exercise increased Β (Beta) Cell and Size of Langerhans Islets in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats
Authors: Nurdin Sarah M , Nugraheni Nuniek , Wulan Mei
Published: May 2020

Background: The death of β cells Langerhans islets in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can cause  loss of Langerhans islet function and worsen the progression of DM. Physical exercise plays a major part in DM treatment.Aim: to observe the effect of moderate intensity exercise to β (beta) cell numbers and Langerhans islets area size in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) divided into 3, Group 1 as the control, Group 2 received 35 mg/kg streptozotocin induction treatment, Group 3 received 35 mg/kg streptozotocin induction and physical exercise, swimming, with moderate intensity 70% from the swimming maximal ability, 9% of body weight load, 4 times a week for 4 weeks. Datas collected were in the form of histopathology slide of pancreatic tissue after receiving treatment for 28 days.Results: There are significant differences of β-cell pancreas number between group K1 and K2 (p<0,001), group K2 and to K3 (p<0,001). No significant difference between group K1 and K3 (p=0,102). The Langerhans islets area sizes of pancreas tissue between group K1, K2, and K3 are significantly different (p<0,001).Conclusion: This study shows moderate-intensity physical exercise can increase the number of β cell and average area size of Langerhans islets. The effect of physical exercise depends on the intensity of exercise and the capacity of pancreatic function left of the diabetic.
Introducing the Dynamic Nuchwezi Architecture Platform
Authors: Lutalo Joseph Willrich
Published: May 2020

A novel software engineering platform called the Dynamic Nuchwezi Architecture Platform (DNAP) is introduced, specified and its novelties explained. The unique features of this platform are explained and several new concepts and abstractions upon which its implementation, usage, and analysis are hinged also elaborately discussed. The motivations for this new approach to building especially tools used in data engineering are spelled out and the platform is contrasted against other existing technologies of a similar kind. Finally, it is shown what known limitations DNAP suffers, as well as what room for further research and improvement there is in this field.
Inactivated Platelet Lysate Supports Proliferation and Immunomodulant Characteristics Of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in GMP Culture Condition
Authors: Mareschi Katia , Castiglia Sara , Adamini Aloe , Rustichelli Deborah , Marini Elena , Banche Niclot Alessia Giovanna Santa , Bergallo Massimiliano , Labanca Luciana , Ferrero Ivana , Fagioli Franca
Published: May 2020

For their clinical use Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs), isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) are considered Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) and need to be produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Human platelet lysate (HPL) represents a good GMP-compliant alternative to animal serum and after pathogen inactivation with Psoralen was more efficient and safer to produce MSCs in GMP. In this study MSCs cultivated in FBS (FBS-MSC) or inactivated HPL (iHPL-MSC), were compared for their immunomodulant properties. In particular, the effects of MSCs on: 1)proliferation of total Lymphocytes (Ly) and on naïve T Ly subsets induced to differentiate versus Th1 and Th2 Ly; 2) the immunophenotype of different T cell subsets; 3)the cytokine release to verify Th1, Th2 and Th17 polarization were analyzed by using in vitro co-culture system. We observed that iHPL-MSCs showed the same immunomodulant properties observed in the FBS-MSCs co-cultures. Although, a more efficient effect on the increase of naïve T cells and, in the Th1 cytokine release related to iHPL was observed. This study confirms that iHPL, used as medium supplement, may be considered a good alternative to FBS for a GMP-compliant MSC expansion to preserve their immunomodulant proprieties.
Genetic diversity and different cross-neutralization capability of porcine circovirus type 2 isolates recently circulating in South Korea
Authors: Kang Seok-Jin , Kang Hyeonjeong , Yu Su-Hwa , Lee Hye Jeong , Lee Nakhyung , Hyun Bang-Hun , Cha Sang-Ho
Published: May 2020

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a small single-stranded DNA virus and a primary cause of PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD) that result in substantial economic loss for swine farms. Between 2016 and 2018, PCV2 field viruses were isolated from PCVAD-affected swine farms in South Korea and investigated for genetic and antigenic heterogeneity. Results: The genetic analysis of ORF2 showed that the genotype of the Korean PCV2 field isolates has been rapidly shifted from PCV2a or 2b to mutant PCV2b known as PCV2d with 82.6% to 100% amino acid sequence similarity. PCV2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demonstrated variable antigen-binding activity to four representative Korean PCV2 field isolates [QIA215 (PCV2a), QIA418 (PCV2b), QIA169 (PCV2d), and QIA244 (PCV2d)] without genotype specificity, and one mAb showed neutralization activity to QIA215. In a cross-virus neutralization assay using anti-PCV2 sera of pigs and guinea pigs injected with a commercial vaccine and the Korean PCV2 field isolates, the anti-porcine sera of a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against QIA215 and QIA418 with statistically lower activity against PCV2d viruses. Anti-guinea pig sera of QIA215, QIA418, QIA169, and a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses with significantly lower activity against QIA244. Importantly, anti-guinea pig sera of QIA244 had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses. Conclusions: This study confirmed genetic and antigenic diversity among recent PCV2 field isolates in Korean swine farms, and the strain-based difference in virus neutralization capability should be considered for more effective control by vaccination.
Comparative Efficacy of Neuraxial and General anesthesia for hip fracture surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zheng Xinxun , Tang Yuming , Gao Yuan , Liu Zhiheng
Published: May 2020

Background: The choice of anesthesia technique remains debatable in patients undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture. This meta-analysis was performed to compare the effect of neuraxial (epidural/spinal) versus general anesthesia on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods: Medline, Cochrane Library, Science-Direct, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify eligible studies focused on the comparison between neuraxial and general anesthesia in hip fracture patients between January 2000 and May 2019. Perioperative outcomes were extracted for systemic analysis. The sensitivity analyses were conducted using a Bonferroni correction and the leave-one-out method. The evidence quality for each outcome was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.Results: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1084 patients fulfilled our selection criteria. The outcomes for the meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the 30-day mortality (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 0.56, 3.21; P = 0.51), length of stay (MD = -0.65, 95% CI -0.32, 0.02; P =0.06), and the prevalence of delirium (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.27, 4.00; P = 0.95), acute myocardial infarction (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.17, 4.65; P = 0.88), deep venous thrombosis (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.09, 2.72; P = 0.41), and pneumonia (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.23, 4.61; P = 0.96) for neuraxial anesthesia compared to general anesthesia, and there was a significant difference in blood loss between the two groups (MD = -137.8, 95% CI -241.49, -34.12; p = 0.009). However, after applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, all the adjusted p-values were above the significant threshold of 0.05. The evidence quality for each outcome evaluated by the GRADE system was low.Conclusions: In summary, our present study demonstrated that there might be a difference in blood loss between patients receiving neuraxial and general anaesthesia, however, this analysis was not robust to adjustment for multiple testing and therefore at high risk for a type I error. Due to small sample size and enormous inconsistency in the choice of outcome measures, more high-quality studies with large sample size are needed to clarify this issue.
FBXL6 governs c-MYC to promote hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitination and stabilization of HSP90AA1
Authors: Shi Weidong , Feng Lanyun , Dong Shu , Ning Zhouyu , Hua Yongqiang , Liu Luming , Chen Zhen , Meng Zhiqiang
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Heat shot protein 90 (HSP90) AA1 functions as an onco-protein to regulate the assembly, manipulation, folding and degradation of its client proteins, including c-MYC. However, little is known about the mechanism of HSP90AA1 regulation.METHODS: Transcriptome RNA-sequencing data of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples were used to detect the mRNA expression of FBXL6. Immunoprecipitation/Mass Spectrum (IP/MS) method was used to identify the interacting proteins of FBXL6. The co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the interaction between FBXL6 and HSP90AA1. The in vivo ubiquitination assay was performed to determine the regulation of HSP90AA1 by FBXL6. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to determine the transcriptional regulation of FBXL6 by c-MYC. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to study the correlation of FBXL6 and HSP90AA1 protein expression in 87 HCC samples. Cell counting and colony formation assays were implemented to detect the biological effects of FBXL6 on the growth of HCC cells in vitro. The effect of FBXL6 on HCC tumor growth in vivo was studied in a tumor xenograft model in mice. RESULTS: Here, we identified the orphan F-box protein FBXL6, a substrate recognition subunit of an SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) complex, as the ubiquitin ligase for HSP90AA1. FBXL6 promoted K63-dependent ubiquitination of HSP90AA1 to stabilize it. Through analysis of the TCGA dataset, we found that FBXL6 was significantly increased in HCC tissues and positively correlated with c-MYC pathway. FBXL6 accumulation in HCC causes the stabilization and activation of c-MYC by preventing HSP90AA1 degradation. The activated c-MYC directly binds to the promoter region of FBXL6 to induce its mRNA expression.CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data revealed an unknown FBXL6-HSP90AA1-c-MYC axis which might contribute to the oncogenesis of HCC, and we propose that inhibition of FBXL6 might represent an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
Prevalence and risk factors for bone loss in Southern Chinese with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Hu Zhuoran , Xu Shuiming , Yang Qingyuan , Qi Jun , Lin He , Ni Weifeng , Du Keqian , Gu Jieruo , Lin Zhiming
Published: May 2020

Objectives: This study is to explore the prevalence of different stages of bone loss and the potential risk factors in rheumatic patients.Method: A cross-sectional study recruits 1,398 rheumatic patients and 302 healthy subjects. Demographic data, blood, and bone mineral density (BMD) tests are collected. Risk factors for bone loss in rheumatic patients are analyzed by logistic regression.Results: (1) Rheumatic patients are consisted of 40.0% rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 14.7% systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 14.2% osteoarthritis (OA), 9.2% ankylosing spondylosis (AS), 7.9% gout, 7.0% primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS), 3.8% systemic sclerosis (SSc), and 3.2% mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). (2) In male patients aged under 50 and premenopausal female patients, the bone mineral density score of AS (53.9%, P<0.001) and SLE (39.6%, P=0.034) patients is lower than the healthy controls (18.2%). (3) Osteopenia and osteoporosis are more prevailing in male patients aged or older than 50 and postmenopausal female patients with RA (P<0.001), OA (P=0.02) and SLE (P =0.011) than healthy counterparts. (4) Those with SLE, RA and AS gain the highest odd ratio of ‘score below the expected range for age’, osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. (5) Age, female, low BMI and hypovitaminosis D are found negatively associated with bone loss. Dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia could be protective factors.Conclusion: Young patients with AS and SLE have a significant higher occurrence of bone loss, and older patients with RA, OA and SLE had higher prevalence than healthy counterparts. SLE, RA, SSc and AS were founded significant higher risks to develop into bone loss after adjustment. Age, BMI and gender were commonly-associated with bone loss in all age-stratified rheumatic patients. These findings were not markedly different from those of previous studies.
Distribution and phylogenetic diversity of Anopheles species in malaria endemic areas of Honduras in an elimination setting
Authors: Escobar Denis , Ascencio Krisnaya , Ortiz Andrés , Palma Adalid , Fontecha Gustavo
Published: May 2020

Background : Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria, one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics. More than 500 Anopheles species have been described worldwide, and more than 30 are considered a public health problem. In Honduras, information on the distribution of Anopheles spp. and its genetic diversity is scarce. This study aimed to describe the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras. Methods : Mosquitoes were captured in 8 locations in 5 malaria endemic departments during 2019. Two collectionmethods were used. Adult anophelines were captured outdoors using CDC light traps and by aspiration of mosquitoes at rest. The morphological identification was performed using taxonomic keys. Genetic analyses included the sequencing of a partial region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Results : A total of 1320 anophelines were collected and identified through morphological keys. Seven Anopheles species were identified. Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (74.02%). To confirm the morphological identification of the specimens, 175 and 122 sequences were obtained for COI and ITS2 respectively. Both markers confirmed the morphological identification. COI showed a greater nucleotide diversity than ITS2 in all species. High genetic diversity was observed within the populations of An. albimanus while An. darlingi proved to be a highly homogeneous population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clustering patterns in An. darlingi and An. neivai in relation to specimens from South America. New sequences for An. crucians , An. vestitipennis , and An. neivai are reported in this study. Conclusions : Here we report the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles species in endemic areas of malaria transmission in Honduras. According to our results, both taxonomic and molecular approaches are useful tools in the identification of anopheline mosquitoes. However, both molecular markers differ in their ability to detect intraspecific genetic diversity. These results provide supporting data for a better understanding of the distribution of malaria vectors in Honduras.
Social, economic, and legislative factors and global road traffic fatalities
Authors: Haghighi Mohammad Reza Rahmanian , Sayari Mohammad , Ghahramani Sulmaz , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Road traffic fatalities (RTF) is the 8th cause of mortality around the world. At the end of the Decade of Action, it would be of utmost importance to revisit our knowledge on the determinants of RTF.
Methods: We used road safety development index which accounts for the interactions between system, human and products to assess the RTF in 115 and 113 countries in 2013 and 2016, respectively. To analyze data, three statistical procedures (linear regression, classification and regression trees, and multivariate adaptive regression splines) were employed.
Results: Classification and regression trees has the best performance amongst all others followed by multivariate adaptive regression splines for 2013 and 2016 data set with an R 2 around 0.83. Results show that any increase in human development index was associated with RTF reduction. Comparing RTF data of 2013 and 2016, 8 countries experienced a change of more than 30%, which demonstrated a significant relationship with GINI index (named after Corrado Gini). Considering the three components of human development index, it is revealed that education explained most of RTF variation in classification and regression trees model followed by income and life expectancy.
Conclusion: Policymakers should consider road traffic accidents as a socio-economic issue. In this regard, they can make provisions to reduce RTF in the long run by focusing on enhancing the three components of human development index, mainly education. However, there is a need to investigate the correlation among these three components with RTF with different time-trend procedures.
Examining the quality of record linkage process using nationwide Brazilian administrative databases to build a large birth cohort
Authors: Almeida Daniela , Gorender David , Ichihara Maria Yury , Sena Samila , Menezes Luan , Barbosa George C. G. , Fiaccone Rosimeire L. , Paixao Enny , Pita Robespierre , Barreto Mauricio L.
Published: May 2020

Background : Research using linked routine population-based data collected for non-research purposes has increased in recent years because they are a rich and detailed source of information. The objective of this study is to present an approach to prepare and link data from administrative sources in a middle-income country, to estimate its accuracy and to identify potential sources of bias by comparing linked and no-linked case. Methods: We linked two administrative datasets with data covering the period 2001 to 2015, using maternal attributes (name, age, date of birth, and municipally of residence) from Brazil: live birth information system and the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (created using administrative records from over 114 million individuals whose families applied for social assistance via the National Register for Social Programmes) implementing an in house developed linkage tool CIDACS-RL. We then estimated the accuracy of the linkage and examined the characteristics of missed-matches to identify any potential source of bias. Results : A total of 27,699,891 live births linked with maternal information recorded in the baseline of the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort dataset of those, 16,447,414 (59.4%) children were found registered in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort dataset. The sensitivity of the linkage ranged from 39.3% in 2001 to 82.1% in 2014. A substantial improvement in the linkage sensitivity after the introduction of maternal date of birth attribute, in 2011, was observed. Our analyses indicated a slightly higher proportion of missing data among missed matches and a higher proportion of people living in an urban area and self-declared as Caucasian among linked pairs when compared with non-linked sets. Discussion : We demonstrated that CIDACS-RL is capable of performing high quality and accurate linkage even with a limited number of common attributes, using indexation as a blocking strategy in large routine databases from a middle-income country. However, residual records occurred more among people under worse living conditions. The results presented in this study reinforce the need of evaluating linkage quality and when necessary to take linkage error into account for the analyses of any generated dataset.
Minimally invasive beating heart technique for mitral valve surgery in patients with previous sternotomy and giant left ventricle
Authors: zhang hang , Xu Hua shan , Wen Bing , Zhao Wen-zeng , Liu Chao
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To analyze the efficacy of minimally invasive beating heart technique for mitral valve surgery in the cardiac patients with giant left ventricle.Methods: Eighty cardiac patients with giant left ventricle according to the diagnostic criteria that left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was ≥70 mm, who underwent mitral valve surgery at our center from January 2006 to January 2019 were analyzed. We divided all patients into minimally invasive beating heart technique group (n=30) and conventional median arrested heart technique group (n=50) according to the surgical methods. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were compared between two groups.Results: Minimally invasive beating heart technique compared to the conventional median arrested heart technique for mitral valve surgery in the cardiac patients with giant left ventricle had significant differences in operation time(P=0.002), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time(P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss(P<0.001), postoperative transfusion ratio(P=0.01), postoperative transfusion amount(P<0.001), postoperative drainage volume(P=0.001), extubation time(P=0.04), intensive care unit (ICU) stay time(P=0.04) and postoperative hospital stay time(P<0.001), but no significant differences in re-exploration for bleeding, postoperative 30-day mortality, postoperative complications and six months postoperative echocardiographic parameters.Conclusions: Using the method of minimally invasive beating heart technique for mitral valve surgery in the cardiac patients with giant left ventricle is effective reliable meanwhile reduce the operation time and CPB time, decrease the transfusion ratio and transfusion amount, shorten postoperative ICU stay and hospital stay time, promote the early extubation so that accelerate the patients’ early recovery.