bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zivilgesellschaftliche Organisation und Praxis im Themenfeld Polizei und Rassismus/Diskriminierung
Authors: Görgen Thomas , Wagner Daniel
Published: November 2022

Rassistische und diskriminierende Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen von Polizeibeamt:innen sind auch hierzulande zu Gegenständen politischer, medialer, wissenschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Diskussion geworden. National wie international bemühen sich zivilgesellschaftliche Bewegungen und Organisationen, diesen Diskurs ins Licht der Öffentlichkeit zu bringen, ihn im Sinne betroffener Gruppen zu führen, Reformen zu initiieren und mitzugestalten. Sie setzen sich in ihrer alltäglichen Arbeit mit polizeilichem Rassismus und Vorurteilen, diskriminierender Kontrollpraxis und exzessiver, dabei möglicherweise selektiv ausgeübter Polizeigewalt auseinander. Der Beitrag stellt Entwicklung und Arbeitsweisen einschlägiger Initiativen und Organisationen im deutschsprachigen Raum dar und bezieht – auch mit Blick auf grenzüberschreitende Vorbildwirkung von Bewegungen wie Black Lives Matter – vergleichbare Entwicklungen im Ausland, insbesondere in den USA, ein. Der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtung liegt auf der Auseinandersetzung mit diskriminierenden polizeilichen Praktiken, die primär an wahrgenommenen Kategorien ethnischer Zugehörigkeit und Herkunft festgemacht werden.
Internationale Perspektiven: Was kann die deutsche Diskussion von der internationalen Forschung lernen?
Authors: Pichl Maximilian
Published: November 2022

Die internationale Polizeiforschung beschäftigt sich schon lange mit dem Problem des institutionellen Rassismus in den Sicherheitsbehörden. Ethnographische Perspektiven erlauben es dabei, Einblicke in den ansonsten abgeschotteten Polizeiapparat zu erhalten. Anschlüsse an solche Forschungsperspektiven sind für die deutsche Debatte lohnenswert. Darüber hinaus ist ein Blick auf die Behandlung von Rassismus vor internationalen Ausschüssen und Gerichten gewinnbringend, indem Rassismus dort mitunter klarer benannt wird, als in nationalen Kontexten.
Polizei, Rassismus und Gesellschaft nach 1945
Authors: Weinhauer Klaus
Published: November 2022

Angestrebt wird eine geschichtswissenschaftlich fundierte kooperativ-reflexive interdisziplinäre Erforschung der bundesdeutschen Polizei als Teil einer transnationalen und transferoffenen Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte der Inneren Sicherheit. Fünf historische Problemkomplexe in der Kultur der bundesdeutschen Polizei sollten von aktuellen Forschungen zu rassistischen Praktiken in der Polizei aufgegriffen werden. Institutioneller Rassismus wird problematisiert anhand der englischen Polizei der 1990er Jahre, eingebettet in die Analyse postkolonialer Wandlungen und fokussiert auf im Macpherson-Report (1999) formulierte Reformvorschläge. Kritisiert werden die im globalen Signalwort Institutioneller Rassismus verankerte problematische Kontrastierung von Struktur und individuellem Handeln sowie die Ausblendung dezentraler racial projects.
Menschenrechtliche Grundlagen polizeilicher Praxis
Authors: Barskanmaz Cengiz
Published: November 2022

Als einer der Grundpfeiler der freiheitlich demokratischen Grundordnung sind Menschenrechte für die polizeiliche Arbeit unverzichtbar. Im Kontext der polizeilichen Praxis erlangt das allgegenwärtige Diskriminierungsverbot aufgrund der Rasse zentrale Bedeutung. Mit der Antirassismuskonvention (ICERD 1965), der europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK 1949) und der europäischen Grundrechtecharta (GRC 2009) ist mittlerweile ein wirksames Normengeflecht gegen Menschenrechtsverletzungen in der polizeilichen Praxis vorhanden. Das ICERD und die EMRK knüpfen an ein den wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen entsprechendem Bild von Rassismus an und verpflichten Deutschland zur umfassenden Bekämpfung und Sanktionierung von Rassismus sowohl auf der Rechtsetzung- als auch Rechtsanwendungsebene. Im datenschutzrechtlichen Bereich wird zudem die GRC eine zunehmende Rolle spielen.
Orte der Offenen Jugendarbeit und ihre pädagogischen Gestaltungen – Empirische und konzeptionelle Hinweise aus einem Grundlagenforschungsprojekt
Authors: Reutlinger Christian , Brüschweiler Bettina , Intemann Ulrike
Published: November 2022

Orte der Offenen Jugendarbeit, also Jugendhäuser und -treffs, sind viel mehr als ihre baulich-physische Hülle. Sie werden nicht nur durch die Jugendlichen angeeignet, verändert, mit Bedeutungen versehen, sondern gleichermaßen durch die Praktiken der Jugendarbeiter*innen gestaltet – jeden Tag neu. Doch wie funktioniert diese Herstellung pädagogischer Orte? Wie sind pädagogische Orte raumtheoretisch zu konzipieren, damit die professionellen Praktiken der Ortsgestaltung in den Blick genommen werden können? Aufbauend auf ein ethnografisch vorgehendes Grundlagenforschungsprojekt, welches im Handlungsfeld der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit in der ganzen Schweiz – regional geprägt durch unterschiedliche Traditionen aus dem Spektrum von Animation, Sozialarbeit sowie Pädagogik – unterschiedliche Einrichtungen untersuchte, werden im Beitrag zentrale Ergebnisse dargestellt sowie entlang empirischer und konzeptioneller Bezüge diskutiert. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die methodischen Überlegungen bei der ethnografischen Erforschung von „Praktiken pädagogischer Ortsgestaltung“ gelegt. Anhand dichter Beschreibungen von pädagogischen Ortsgestaltungspraktiken im Handlungsfeld der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit, welche sich von Einrichtung zu Einrichtung unterschiedlich ausprägen, wird eine Eigenlogik sichtbar, welche jeweilsvor Ortstimmig oder passend erscheint.
Zur Bedeutung von Partizipation von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Schweiz und daraus resultierende Fragestellungen für die Offene Kinder- und Jugendarbeit
Authors: Jakob Silke
Published: November 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird Partizipation in ihrer unterschiedlichen theoretischen Verwendung und praktischen Anwendung aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Dabei geht es um Partizipationsdefinitionen, wie sie anhand der UN-Kinderrechtskonvention und dazu weiterführenden Dokumenten sowie anhand des erziehungswissenschaftlichen Diskurses der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit und dem Dachverband der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit Schweiz verstanden werden. Ferner werden durch empirische Beispiele aus einem abgeschlossenen und einem aktuell laufenden Forschungsprojekt Beispiele aus der Praxis genutzt, um Partizipation als Handlungspraxis von Sozialarbeiter*innen der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit zu analysieren. Die Analyse der unterschiedlichen Partizipationsdefinitionen soll zu einem besseren Verständnis beitragen, warum Partizipation in der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit divers verstanden und zu unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen führen kann und welche Herausforderungen sich dadurch ergeben können.
Large spin-2 signals at the cosmological collider
Authors: Tong Xi , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We study the theory and phenomenology of massive spin-2 fields during the inflation with nonzero background chemical potential, and extend the cosmological collider physics to tensor modes. We identify a unique dimension-5 and parity-violating chemical potential operator for massive spin-2 fields, which leads to a ghost-free linear theory propagating one scalar mode and two tensor modes. The chemical potential greatly boosts the production of one tensor mode even for very heavy spin-2 particles, and thereby leads to large and distinct cosmological collider signals for massive spin-2 particles. The large signals show up at the tree-level in both the curvature trispectrum and the tensor-curvature mixed bispectrum.
Topological string amplitudes and Seiberg-Witten prepotentials from the counting of dimers in transverse flux
Authors: Semenyakin M.
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Important illustration to the principle “partition functions in string theory are τ-functions of integrable equations” is the fact that the (dual) partition functions of 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories solve Painlevé equations. In this paper we show a road to self-consistent proof of the recently suggested generalization of this correspondence: partition functions of topological string on local Calabi-Yau manifolds solve q-difference equations of non-autonomous dynamics of the “cluster-algebraic”integrable systems.

We explain in details the “solutions” side of the proposal. In the simplest non-trivial example we show how 3d box-counting of topological string partition function appears from the counting of dimers on bipartite graph with the discrete gauge field of “flux” q. This is a new form of topological string/spectral theory type correspondence, since the partition function of dimers can be computed as determinant of the linear q-difference Kasteleyn operator. Using WKB method in the “melting” q → 1 limit we get a closed integral formula for Seiberg-Witten prepotential of the corresponding 5d gauge theory. The “equations” side of the correspondence remains the intriguing topic for the further studies.
Holographic entanglement entropy inequalities beyond strong subadditivity
Authors: Daguerre Lucas , Ginzburg Matias , Torroba Gonzalo
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The vacuum entanglement entropy in quantum field theory provides nonperturbative information about renormalization group flows. Most studies so far have focused on the universal terms, related to the Weyl anomaly in even space-time dimensions, and the sphere free energy F in odd dimensions. In this work we study the entanglement entropy on a sphere of radius R in a large radius limit, for field theories with gravity duals. At large radius the entropy admits a geometric expansion in powers of R; the leading term is the well-known area term, and we also consider the subleading contributions. These terms can be physical, they contain information about the full renormalization group flow, and they reproduce known monotonicity theorems in particular cases. We set up an efficient method for calculating them using the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the holographic entanglement entropy. We first reproduce the known result for the area term, the coefficient multiplying Rd−2 in the entanglement entropy. We then obtain the holographic result for the Rd−4 term and establish its irreversibility. Finally, we derive the Rd−6 coefficient for holographic theories, and also establish its irreversibility. This result goes beyond what has been proved in quantum field theory based on strong subadditivity, and hints towards new methods for analyzing the monotonicity of the renormalization group in space-time dimensions bigger than four.
Timing of physical activity in relation to liver fat content and insulin resistance
Authors: van der Velde Jeroen H. P. M. , Boone Sebastiaan C. , Winters-van Eekelen Esther , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Schrauwen Patrick , Lamb Hildo J. , Rosendaal Frits R. , de Mutsert Renée
Published: November 2022

Aims/hypothesis

We hypothesised that the insulin-sensitising effect of physical activity depends on the timing of the activity. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations of breaks in sedentary time and timing of physical activity with liver fat content and insulin resistance in a Dutch cohort.

Methods

In 775 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, we assessed sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time and different intensities of physical activity using activity sensors, and liver fat content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n=256). Participants were categorised as being most active in the morning (06:00–12:00 hours), afternoon (12:00–18:00 hours) or evening (18:00–00:00 hours) or as engaging in moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) evenly distributed throughout the day. Most active in a certain time block was defined as spending the majority (%) of total daily MVPA in that block. We examined associations between sedentary time, breaks and timing of MVPA with liver fat content and HOMA-IR using linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors including total body fat. Associations of timing of MVPA were additionally adjusted for total MVPA.

Results

The participants (42% men) had a mean (SD) age of 56 (4) years and a mean (SD) BMI of 26.2 (4.1) kg/m2. Total sedentary time was not associated with liver fat content or insulin resistance, whereas the amount of breaks in sedentary time was associated with higher liver fat content. Total MVPA (−5%/h [95% CI −10%/h, 0%/h]) and timing of MVPA were associated with reduced insulin resistance but not with liver fat content. Compared with participants who had an even distribution of MVPA throughout the day, insulin resistance was similar (−3% [95% CI −25%, 16%]) in those most active in morning, whereas it was reduced in participants who were most active in the afternoon (−18% [95% CI −33%, −2%]) or evening (−25% [95% CI −49%, −4%]).

Conclusions/interpretation

The number of daily breaks in sedentary time was not associated with lower liver fat content or reduced insulin resistance. Moderate-to-vigorous activity in the afternoon or evening was associated with a reduction of up to 25% in insulin resistance. Further studies should assess whether timing of physical activity is also important for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Cardiac effects of ephedrine, norephedrine, mescaline, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mouse and human atrial preparations
Authors: Neumann Joachim , Azatsian Karyna , Höhm Christian , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich
Published: November 2022

The use of recreational drugs like ephedrine, norephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and mescaline can lead to intoxication and, at worst, to death. One reason for a fatal course of intoxication with these drugs might lie in cardiac arrhythmias. To the best of our knowledge, their inotropic effects have not yet been studied in isolated human cardiac preparations. Therefore, we measured inotropic effects of the hallucinogenic drugs ephedrine, norephedrine, mescaline, and MDMA in isolated mouse left atrial (mLA) and right atrial (mRA) preparations as well as in human right atrial (hRA) preparations obtained during cardiac surgery. Under these experimental conditions, ephedrine, norephedrine, and MDMA increased force of contraction (mLA, hRA) and beating rate (mRA) in a time- and concentration-dependent way, starting at 1–3 µM but these drugs were less effective than isoprenaline. Mescaline alone or in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors did not increase force in mLA or hRA. The positive inotropic effects of ephedrine, norephedrine, or MDMA were accompanied by increases in the rate of tension and relaxation and by shortening of time of relaxation and, moreover, by an augmented phosphorylation state of the inhibitory subunit of troponin in hRA. All effects were greatly attenuated by cocaine (10 µM) or propranolol (10 µM) treatment. In summary, the hallucinogenic drugs ephedrine, norephedrine, and MDMA, but not mescaline, increased force of contraction and increased protein phosphorylation presumably, in part, by a release of noradrenaline in isolated human atrial preparations and thus can be regarded as indirect sympathomimetic drugs in the human atrium.
An applicable orthotropic creep model for wood materials and composites
Authors: Bengtsson Rhodel , Afshar Reza , Gamstedt E. Kristofer
Published: November 2022

Despite the engineering importance of creep of composite materials and other fibrous anisotropic load-carrying materials like wood, there is an apparent lack in useful experimental data in 3D. Proposed creep models are generally not commensurate with realistic data from experimental characterization. In the present study, an orthotropic linear viscoelastic model is presented and examined on its performance of predicting the time-dependent nature of wood and composite materials. The constitutive equations are presented using the hereditary approach. A clear description of the finite element implementation of the material model is given. Since constant Poisson’s ratios are a common assumption for viscoelastic composites due to lack of data, this study presents the effects of time-dependent Poisson’s ratio in the study. The model is calibrated against inevitably asymmetric experimental creep data using an optimization approach. With time-dependent Poisson’s ratios, the results show that the model is able to simultaneously capture the time-dependent behaviour in three material axis of orthotropic materials such as European beech wood and a fibre-reinforced composite. However, a relatively poor match was found when the Poisson’s ratios were set to be constant. Thus, the frequently employed assumption of constant Poisson’s ratios should be made with caution.
Formulation of promising antibacterial, anticancer, biocompatible and bioactive biomaterial as therapeutic drug delivery system for biologically active compound loaded on clay polymer
Authors: Fetouh H. A. , Abdel-Hamid H. , Zaghloul A. A. H. , Ghadban A. E. , Ismail A. M.
Published: November 2022

The synthesized heterocyclic compound: 5-[4-bromobenzylidene amino)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thiol abbreviated as BATT possessed good antibacterial activity for various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition to potent antitumor activity to breast cancer, for the first time, the novelty of this study is facile low-cost formulation of safe antitumor drug delivery system (DDS) for breast cancer from such simple heterocyclic compound. Heterocyclic compound is efficiently and spontaneously incorporated into MMT clay polymer matrix forming novel therapeutic nanocomposite DDS for breast cancer. BATT successfully intercalates MMT clay polymer matrix. Electron donation ability of nanocomposites is confirmed by cyclic voltammetry in terms of small peak-to-peak redox potential $$\Delta E_{{{\text{peak}}}}$$

Δ

E
peak

. Adsorption of BATT on clay is carried out by batch adsorption method. Better adsorption strength at low pH 2 decreased with increasing pH. Adsorption data are analyzed by multiple mathematical models. MMT clay is an efficient carrier polymer heterogonous adsorbent for BATT at optimum conditions: contact time 2.0 h, pH 2 and initial concentration up to 1200 ppm. Adsorption rate constant, k2 equals 14.6 $$\times$$
×
10–3 and qe 19 mg g−1 (R2 0.999). pH of zero charge of MMT at pH 3 reflected adsorption mechanism of MMT. At pH 2, BATT is loaded on MMT by physi- and chemisorption. At pH 4, BATT is loaded on MMT by chemisorption.
Negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer: further outcome and consequences
Authors: Haack Maximilian , Miksch Vanessa , Tian Zhe , Duwe Gregor , Thomas Anita , Borkowetz Angelika , Stroh Kristina , Thomas Christian , Haferkamp Axel , Höfner Thomas , Boehm Katharina
Published: November 2022

Purpose

EAU guidelines recommend multiparametric MRI of the prostate (mpMRI) prior to biopsy to increase accuracy and reduce biopsies. Whether biopsy can be avoided in case of negative mpMRI remains unclear. Aim of this study is to evaluate predictors of overall prostate cancer (PCa) in negative mpMRI.

Methods

A total of 216 patients from 2018 to 2020 with suspicion of PCa and negative mpMRI (PI-RADS ≤ 2) were interviewed by telephone about outcome and further follow-up. Clinically significant PCa (csPCa) was defined as ISUP ≥ 2. Patients with vs. without biopsy and with vs. without PCa were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of PCa occurrence in patients with negative mpMRI.

Results

15.7% and 5.1% of patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 on mpMRI showed PCa and csPCa, respectively. PCa patients had higher PSAD (0.14 vs. 0.09 ng/ml2; p = 0.001) and lower prostate volume (50.5 vs. 74.0 ml; p = 0.003). Patients without biopsy (25%) after MRI were older (69 vs. 65.5 years; p = 0.027), showed lower PSA (5.7 vs. 6.73 ng/ml; p = 0.033) and lower PSA density (0.09 vs. 0.1 ng/ml2; p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed age (OR 1.09 [1.02–1.16]; p = 0.011), prostate volume (OR 0.982 [0.065; 0.997]; p = 0.027), total PSA level (OR 1.22 [1.01–1.47], p = 0.033), free PSA (OR 0.431 [0.177; 0.927]; p = 0.049) and no PI-RADS lesion vs PI-RADS 1–2 lesion (OR 0.38 [0.15–0.91], p = 0.032.) as predictive factors for the endpoint presence of PCa.

Conclusions

Biopsy for selected patient groups (higher age, prostate volume and free PSA as well as lower PSA-Density) with negative mpMRI can be avoided, if sufficient follow-up care is guaranteed. Detailed counseling regarding residual risk for undetected prostate cancer should be mandatory.
Tailoring and evaluating the Wikipedia for in-domain comparable corpora extraction
Authors: España-Bonet Cristina , Barrón-Cedeño Alberto , Màrquez Lluís
Published: November 2022

We propose a language-independent graph-based method to build à-la-carte article collections on user-defined domains from the Wikipedia. The core model is based on the exploration of the encyclopedia’s category graph and can produce both mono- and multilingual comparable collections. We run thorough experiments to assess the quality of the obtained corpora in 10 languages and 743 domains. According to an extensive manual evaluation, our graph model reaches an average precision of $$84\%$$

84
%

on in-domain articles, outperforming an alternative model based on information retrieval techniques. As manual evaluations are costly, we introduce the concept of domainness and design several automatic metrics to account for the quality of the collections. Our best metric for domainness shows a strong correlation with human judgments, representing a reasonable automatic alternative to assess the quality of domain-specific corpora. We release the toolkit with the implementation of the extraction methods, the evaluation measures and several utilities.
Protective effects of amoxicillin and probiotics on colon disorders in an experimental model of acute diverticulitis disease
Authors: Soliman Maha G. , Mansour Hanaa A. , Hassan Wedad A. , Shawky Eman
Published: November 2022

Acute diverticulitis disease is associated with inflammation and infection in the colon diverticula and may lead to severe morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effects of amoxicillin antibiotic, either alone or in combination with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis), in a rat model of acute diverticulitis disease. Acute diverticulitis was induced, in albino rats, by adding 3% weight/volume of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the rats’ drinking water; daily for 7 days, in addition to injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enema (4 mg/kg). The impact of treatments was assessed by measuring the physiological and immunological parameters and evaluating colon macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The results showed that both treatments (especially probiotics with amoxicillin) alleviated the adverse effects of DSS and LPS. This was obvious through the modulation of the rats’ body weight and the colon weight-to-length ratio. Also, there was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the colon macroscopic lesion score. The pro-inflammatory cytokines [(TNF)-α, (IL)-1β, (IFN)-γ, and (IL)-18]; in the colon tissue; were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased. Also, both treatments significantly ameliorated the elevation of myeloperoxidase activity and C-reactive protein levels, in addition to improving the histopathological alterations in the colon tissue. In conclusion, amoxicillin and probiotics–amoxicillin were effective in preventing the development of experimentally induced acute diverticulitis, through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, this study has explored the role of probiotics in preventing DSS/LPS-induced acute diverticulitis, so it can be applied as a promising treatment option for acute diverticulitis disease.
The role of knowledge and medical involvement in the context of informed consent: a curse or a blessing?
Authors: Milo Caterina
Published: November 2022

Informed consent (IC) is a key patients’ right. It gives patients the opportunity to access relevant information/knowledge and to support their decision-making role in partnership with clinicians. Despite this promising account of IC, the relationship between ‘knowledge’, as derived from IC, and the role of clinicians is often misunderstood. I offer two examples of this: (1) the prenatal testing and screening for disabilities; (2) the consent process in the abortion context. In the first example, IC is often over-medicalized, that is to say the disclosure of information appears to be strongly in the clinicians’ hands. In this context, knowledge has often been a curse on prospective parents. Framing information in a doctor-centred and often negative way has hindered upon prospective parents’ decision-making role and also portrayed wrong assumptions upon disabled people more widely. In the second context, information is more often than not dismissed and, in a de-medicalized scenario, medical contribution often underplayed. The latter leads to an understanding of the dialogue with clinicians as a mere hinderance to the timely access to an abortion. Ultimately, I claim that it is important that knowledge, as derived from IC, is neither altogether dismissed via a process of de-medicalization, nor used as a curse on patients via a process of over-medicalization. None of the two gives justice to IC. Only when a better balance between medical and patients’ contribution is sought, knowledge can aspire to be a blessing (i.e. an opportunity for them), not a curse on patients in the IC context.
A Mathematical Description of the Flow in a Spherical Lymph Node
Authors: Giantesio Giulia , Girelli Alberto , Musesti Alessandro
Published: November 2022

The motion of the lymph has a very important role in the immune system, and it is influenced by the porosity of the lymph nodes: more than 90% takes the peripheral path without entering the lymphoid compartment. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model of a lymph node assumed to have a spherical geometry, where the subcapsular sinus is a thin spherical shell near the external wall of the lymph node and the core is a porous material describing the lymphoid compartment. For the mathematical formulation, we assume incompressibility and we use Stokes together with Darcy–Brinkman equation for the flow of the lymph. Thanks to the hypothesis of axisymmetric flow with respect to the azimuthal angle and the use of the stream function approach, we find an explicit solution for the fully developed pulsatile flow in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials. A selected set of plots is provided to show the trend of motion in the case of physiological parameters. Then, a finite element simulation is performed and it is compared with the explicit solution.
Identification of water–rock interaction of surface thermal water in Songwe medium temperature geothermal area, Tanzania
Authors: Asnin Sitti Nur , Nnko Martha , Josephat Sadock , Mahecha Albano , Mshiu Elisante , Bertotti Giovanni , Brehme Maren
Published: November 2022

The Songwe geothermal prospect is situated in western Tanzania in the Rukwa Rift of the western branch of the East African Rift System. Thermal springs discharge along NW–SE oriented fracture zones in two separate areas: in the main Songwe graben (Iyola, Main springs, Rambo and Kaguri) and eastern Songwe graben (Ikumbi). Lithologies forming and filling the Songwe graben are metamorphic gneiss and shist as basement rocks, overlain by the Karoo sandstones, and Red sandstones, both silt- and sandstones with a carbonatic matrix. In some areas of the graben, volcanic rocks intruded these formations forming basalt outflows. The discharge temperatures of springs are between 37 and 85 °C with Na-HCO3 type fluids. Carbonate deposits surround most of the springs. Using previous geophysical, geological studies and historical fluid geochemical data and mineral data, the Songwe geothermal system interpretation was updated, including new reservoir fluid temperature, fluid flow pathway and water–rock interaction models. The classical geothermometers of K-Mg and Na-K-Ca (Mg correction) were used to predict the reservoir fluid temperature and show that fluid emerging in the Songwe area reaches temperatures between 125 and 148 °C. Reservoir fluid characteristics are reconstructed based on the geothermometer calculation and a PHREEQC model in which the deep fluid reacts with certain lithologies. Minerals precipitating at the surface and reservoir depth were used to calibrate the models. The models run at surface temperature were calibrated with minerals precipitating around the springs and suggest that Songwe thermal fluids interact with Red sandstone only, while Ikumbi spring water is the only spring that interacts with all lithologies (simplified referred to as: metamorphic rocks, Karoo and Red sandstone). The model run at reservoir temperature indicates that rising water is also in contact with Karoo sandstones and Ikumbi spring water composition is again influenced by the contact with all lithologies in the graben. Our conceptual model summarizes all data showing the meteoric origin of the fluids, the travel through the basement, rising along the Mbeya fault and the main reaction with sandstones through a lateral travel towards the hot springs. The proposed models reinforce the idea that carbonate dissolution from the sandstone layers is the most common water–rock interaction. Our model is supported by carbonate deposition observed in all springs, dominated by HCO3 and Na.
Addressing conflict over dams: The inception and establishment of the World Commission on Dams
Authors: Schulz Christopher , Adams William M.
Published: November 2022

The World Commission on Dams (WCD) was active between 1998 and 2000. Despite the Commission’s short life, it left a lasting mark on the global debate on large dams, one of the most intractable and conflicted issues in environmental governance. Existing accounts of the Commission focus chiefly on its recommendations and their influence on dam planners. Another major topic of interest has been the novelty of making global environmental policy through multi-stakeholder dialogue rather than through intergovernmental negotiation. This focus on technicalities, results, and institutional design underplays the Commission’s political significance. It was a bold and innovative attempt to find common ground between promoters and opponents of dams on which a new way of thinking about and planning dams could be built. In this paper, we focus on the emergence of the Commission, in response to the evolving conflict over dams, particularly between the World Bank and its critics. We explore the processes that led to the establishment of the Commission and its role as an attempt to transform conflict into cooperation by bringing together pro- and anti-dam communities.
Basic psychological needs satisfaction and psychological well-being of refugees in Africa
Authors: Kalyegira Juma
Published: November 2022

Using a qualitative approach, this study sought to identify the factors that influence the psychological well-being or frustration of refugees to Uganda (mainly from South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo [DRC], Rwanda and other nearby countries) and Ugandan nationals (as host community). Data were collected through nine focus group discussions with 54 participants. The interview guide asked questions about issues that frustrated or encouraged their psychological well-being and the ways they would describe their current psychological well-being. After conducting thematic analysis, 10 themes emerged that contribute to refugee and host community psychological well-being or frustration: food availability, family separation and death, good security in the refugee camp, provision of health services, access to free education, the role of mental health and psychosocial support, unfavourable farmland, availability of employment and income-generating activities, collaboration and peer support, and delayed resettlement within or outside Uganda. Based on participant responses, several recommendations emerge to guide community-based psychological interventions, which may increase the psychological well-being of refugees and host community members. Conclusions show the negative and positive factors that contribute to the psychological well-being or frustration of both refugees and Ugandans.
Latinx Internationalism and the French Atlantic: Sandra María Esteves in Art contre/against apartheid and Miguel Algarín in “Tangiers”
Authors: Quesada Sarah M.
Published: November 2022

This article interrogates the South-South internationalism of two renowned US Latinx poets: Miguel Algarín’s abjection in Morocco in his poem “Tangiers” and Sandra María Esteves’s anti-apartheid poetry for the French Art contre/against apartheid project, which included the controversial participation of Jacques Derrida. Although these poems focus on different contexts of African liberation, both react to French coloniality. For Algarín, his Orientalist evocations of underage child prostitution operate under a French hegemony, coming into crisis when a third world alliance fails. In Esteves’s work, her poetic solidarity draws on Frantz Fanon’s experience of French colonization in Algeria but also comes into crisis when Derrida’s foreword for Art contre/against apartheid is challenged as Eurocentric. Although both engagements with African self-determination exhibit residues of a French hegemony undergirding and undercutting what I term is a poetic Latin-African solidarity, their South-South approach enriches postcolonial studies, in which Latin American, and by extension, Latinx identities have been sidelined.
Enduring Epidemic: Aesthetic Aftershocks of the 1914 Plague and the Segregation of Dakar
Authors: Warner Tobias
Published: November 2022

In 1914, an epidemic of bubonic plague ravaged colonial Dakar. The panicked French colonial administration blamed the native population and evicted indigenous Africans from the city center before burning their homes. The Dakarois fought back through a general strike, political maneuvering, and, finally, by taking to the streets. Out of this year of disease, politics, racism, and resistance came the new, segregated neighborhood of Médina, which was created to house the displaced African population of Dakar. Over the twentieth century, as Dakar swelled into a metropolis around it, Médina was a unique space in the Senegalese capital—a hotbed of cultural creativity, a crossroads for waves of migrants, and a potent and enduring contrast with the nearby downtown, known as the Plateau. This article explores the ways in which the plague of 1914 reshaped Dakar and left a lasting impression on a century of Senegalese cultural production.
The Life of the Last Visconti: A Study in Tyranny?
Authors: Ianziti Gary
Published: November 2022

This article questions the traditional reading of Pier Candido Decembrio's “Life of Filippo Maria Visconti” (1447) as a tyrant narrative, a reading first proposed by Jacob Burckhardt and highly influential ever since. An examination of the Milanese context and relevant collateral documentation establishes the unlikelihood that Decembrio wished to denounce his former master as a tyrant. Rather, his avowed aim was to spread his prince's fame and glory. In so doing, however, Decembrio avoided the encomiastic model of biography dear to most humanists, delivering instead an insider's account of the astute political practices that underpinned his master's grip on power.
Jerusalem Reformed: Rethinking Early Modern Pilgrimage
Authors: Henny Sundar , Shalev Zur
Published: November 2022

Recent scholarship has challenged the still-powerful claim that long-distance pilgrimage and the journey to Jerusalem dramatically declined in number and significance in the sixteenth century. This article seeks to explore the different ways in which pilgrimage was embedded in the culture of the period. We interpret pilgrimage as a field of shared cross-confessional practices, representational conventions, and contestation. The paper presents a series of interlinked case studies, based on printed sources, correspondence, family archives, and material evidence. Together they demonstrate that early modern pilgrimage perpetuated medieval practices and yet was in constant dialogue with contemporary, post-Reformation religious and intellectual trends.
Ambivalenter Sexismus gegenüber jugendlichen Mädchen
Authors: Ollrogge Karen , Rau Melanie , Hannover Bettina
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung: Ambivalenter Sexismus besteht aus offen feindseligen (hostiler Sexismus) und scheinbar wohlwollenden (benevolenter Sexismus) Sichtweisen auf Frauen. Obwohl anzunehmen ist, dass ambivalent-sexistische Einstellungen nicht nur gegenüber Frauen, sondern auch gegenüber Mädchen bestehen und sich bereits im Jugendalter herausbilden, wurden auf Mädchen bezogene Einstellungen und jugendliche Stichproben bisher kaum untersucht, vermutlich auch aufgrund des Fehlens eines geeigneten Messinstrumentes. Wir stellen ein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Messung ambivalent-sexistischer Einstellungen gegenüber jugendlichen Mädchen zum Einsatz bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen vor. Zur Prüfung der Kriteriumsvalidität untersuchten wir mit 1 128 Jugendlichen den Zusammenhang zwischen ambivalent-sexistischen Einstellungen gegenüber Mädchen und einem Geschlechtergerechtigkeitsindex. Die Konstruktvalidität prüften wir in 2 Stichproben junger Erwachsener (Studierende der Sozialwissenschaften, N = 441, und des Polizeivollzugsdienstes, N = 153), die zusätzlich ein etabliertes Inventar zur Messung des ambivalenten Sexismus gegenüber Frauen sowie verwandte Skalen ausfüllten. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf Reliabilität und Validität des Inventars zur Messung des Ambivalenten Sexismus gegenüber jugendlichen Mädchen (ASI-Mäd).
Millennial Variability in Intermediate Ocean Circulation and Indian Monsoonal Weathering Inputs During the Last Deglaciation and Holocene
Authors: Yu Zhaojie , Colin Christophe , Wilson David J. , Bayon Germain , Song Zehua , Sepulcre Sophie , Dapoigny Arnaud , Li Yuanlong , Wan Shiming
Published: November 2022

The relationship between ocean circulation and monsoon systems over orbital to sub‐millennial timescales is a crucial but poorly constrained component of the climate system. Here, using foraminiferal and detrital neodymium (Nd) isotope records from the intermediate‐depth northern Indian Ocean, we provide new evidence revealing that both monsoon‐driven weathering inputs and water mass advection from the Southern Ocean influenced past seawater Nd isotope changes in this region. Our results suggest that Indian Summer Monsoon weakening coincided with enhanced northward Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) advection during the last deglaciation, reflecting a strong interhemispheric coupling. In contrast, the Early Holocene was characterized by enhanced monsoon strength but persistently strong AAIW inflow, indicating a relationship in the opposite sense. These differing interhemispheric relationships indicate asynchronous changes in the global atmosphere—ocean—climate system, and may represent a previously unrecognized component of the ocean‐atmosphere reorganization during the deglacial to Holocene transition.
Future Changes in Active and Inactive Atlantic Hurricane Seasons in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
Authors: Sena Ana C. T. , Patricola Christina M. , Loring Burlen
Published: November 2022

North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) have considerable interannual variability, with La Niña and the positive phase of the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) tending to drive active hurricane seasons, and El Niño and the negative AMM often driving inactive seasons. Here, we analyze how active and inactive Atlantic hurricane seasons may change in the future using the high resolution Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). We performed atmosphere‐only simulations forced by sea‐surface temperature patterns characteristic of La Niña and the positive AMM jointly, and El Niño and the negative AMM jointly, in historical and future climates. Projected Atlantic TCs become more frequent in the future by approximately 34% during El Niño and negative AMM and by 66% during La Niña and positive AMM, with a significant increase in the portion of intense TCs. Warmer SSTs increase TC potential intensity, with reduced wind shear and increased mid‐tropospheric humidity further supporting TC activity.
Carbon Sequestration of the Middle Miocene Sunda Shelf Facilitated Global Climate Change
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Liu Zhifei , Jiang Meichen , Cheng Han , Zhang Lin , Cai Dizhu
Published: November 2022

Long‐term organic carbon (OC) burial on continental shelves has been widely recognized for regulating atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) and the global climate. However, quantitatively assessing shelf OC burial's role and process in prominent climate transitions is challenging. Using 367 drilling sites, we evaluated the impact of OC burial on the Sunda Shelf, the world's largest tropical shelf, on the middle Miocene carbon perturbation and climate change. Comparing the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) and the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT) results demonstrated that OC was buried faster during the MMCT with an increment of 0.07–0.14 × 103 GtC/Myr. This would cause an additional 34.77–69.16 ppm pCO2 sequestration, contributing at least one‐sixth of the global pCO2 reduction. We found OC burial regulated the long‐standing Monterey carbon isotope excursion via negative and positive feedbacks during the MCO and MMCT, respectively. Expanded terrestrial carbon reservoirs and enhanced burial efficiency were key steps in the latter positive feedback.
Abrupt Northern Baffin Bay Autumn Warming and Sea‐Ice Loss Since the Turn of the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Moore G. W. K. , Garcia‐Quintana Yarisbel , Myers Paul G. , Imrit Amreen A. , Topál Dániel , Meier Walter N.
Published: November 2022

A delay in autumn sea ice formation is an important consequence of Arctic Amplification. Baffin Bay is one such region impacted by delayed ice formation, though spatiotemporal analyses to date have not detailed the evolution and drivers of such autumn ice changes. In this study, we document abrupt Baffin Bay sea ice cover changes in the key transition month of October from 1950 to 2021. The ice cover mean and variance dramatically change from 2001 onward with a transition to largely ice‐free conditions in the northeast and thinner ice in the northwest. Ocean model experiments attribute these changes to warming of the Atlantic‐origin water (AOW) flowing into northeastern Baffin Bay from the south. Transport and upwelling of this above‐freezing AOW has stunted ice formation in this area, while the basin's cyclonic surface current has contributed to reduced cooling and ice formation in the northwestern portion of Baffin Bay.
Surface Wave Isotropic and Azimuthally Anisotropic Dispersion Across Alaska and the Alaska‐Aleutian Subduction Zone
Authors: Liu Chuanming , Zhang Shane , Sheehan Anne F. , Ritzwoller Michael H.
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive observations of surface wave anisotropy across Alaska and the Aleutian subduction zone would help to improve understanding of its tectonics, mantle dynamics, and earthquake risk. We produce such observations, using stations from the USArray Transportable Array, regional networks across Alaska, and the Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment in the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone both onshore and offshore. Our data include Rayleigh and Love wave phase dispersion from earthquakes (28–85 s) and ambient noise two‐ and three‐station interferometry (8–50 s). Compared with using two‐station interferometry alone, three‐station interferometry significantly improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio and approximately doubles the number of measurements retained. Average differences between both isotropic and anisotropic tomographic maps constructed from different methods lie within their uncertainties, which is justification for combining the measurements. The composite tomographic maps include Rayleigh wave isotropy and azimuthal anisotropy from 8 to 85 s both onshore and offshore, and onshore Love wave isotropy from 8 to 80 s. In the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone, Rayleigh wave fast directions vary from trench parallel to perpendicular and back to parallel with increasing periods, apparently reflecting the effect of the subducted Pacific Plate. The tomographic maps provide a basis for inferring the 3‐D anisotropic crustal and uppermost mantle structure across Alaska and the Aleutian subduction zone.
Hydrous Melting Driven Upwelling From the Mantle Transition Zone in the Mongolia Plateau Revealed by Receiver Function Analysis
Authors: He Jing , Xu Mijian , Wu Qingju , Zhang Fengxue
Published: November 2022

The detailed images of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) give insights into the nature of mantle upwelling from the deep Earth. We use receiver function to investigate the MTZ structure beneath the Mongolia Plateau using earthquakes recorded by 223 stations deployed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The topographies of the 410 km (D410) and 660 km (D660) discontinuities are both characterized by slight depressions in most parts of the Mongolia Plateau. An obvious low‐velocity layer (LVL) atop the MTZ with an average thickness of ∼40 km is observed beneath this study area, indicating the hydrous partial molten layer atop the D410 and a hydrous MTZ. The D410 depth of ∼410 km and the LVL up to ∼60 km thick beneath the Dariganga volcano imply that there is a chemically distinct hydrous upwelling related to the subducted Pacific slab rather than a classic thermal‐dominated upwelling. The ∼10 km thinned MTZs are found beneath the western Hangay Dome and the Middle Gobi volcano. A narrow NS‐trending MTZ thickening zone extending from the Hovsgol rift to the central Hangay Dome is mainly caused by a ∼10 km depression of D660. We speculate that the mantle upwelling beneath the Hangay Dome may be related to the stagnant slab descending through the MTZ, rather than being rooted from the deep lower mantle. Hydrous melting‐driven upwellings from the MTZ beneath the Mongolia Plateau play a key role in intraplate volcanism.
High Spatiotemporal Resolution Planetary Boundary Layer Dynamics Across the Israeli Coast—Mountain—Valley Terrain Unraveled by WRF Simulations
Authors: Avisar David , Berkovic Sigalit
Published: November 2022

The west‐east terrain cross‐section along ∼150 km of the northern part of Israel has a coastal plain—mountain—valley structure; hereafter denoted iCMV. The boundary layer height (BLH) evolution mechanism across the iCMV has not yet been fully understood. We use Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations and ceilometer measurements to decipher the iCMV BLH evolution mechanism during the late summertime period of 5–14 September 2017, where the daily maximum BLH at the mountainous city of Jerusalem (JrM; 800 m above sea level) varies by ∼1,000 m. We first verify the BLH, simulated by five model configurations (with four different BL schemes). The RMSE for the three best configurations are around 160 and 200 m for the coastal and JrM areas, respectively. An analysis of the simulated daily BL evolution reveals a general mechanism. In the early morning, the upslope flows and synoptic forcing interact to induce a surface flow convergence (SFC) zone. During a westerly (easterly) synoptic flow, the SFC is induced east (west) of JrM. Assisted by the inland propagating sea breeze front, the SFC is advected eastwards during the afternoon, until it collapses at the valley bottom. The SFC zone is accompanied by a substantial positive vertical wind column and a locally elevated BLH. The more western the morning time SFC is, the more likely the elevated BLH will pass during midday through JrM, with a higher daily maximum BLH. The exact dependence of the BLH evolution and of the associated temperature and humidity variations upon the synoptic regime require further study.