bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma presenting as advanced ovarian cancer: a case report
Authors: Cheng Kung-Chuan , Lee Ko-Chao , Chen Hong-Hwa , Ou YC
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlthough Primary appendiceal malignancies are rare accounting for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors, the incidence of ovarian metastasis in appendiceal adenocarcinoma is encountered in 16.7 to 37% of all ovarian malignancy. The diagnosis is usually made after an exploratory laparotomy. Most of these tumors present with nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, abdominal fullness and huge pelvic mass, mimicking advanced stage ovarian cancer.Case PresentationWe described two menopausal women who were referred to our institution under the diagnostic impression of advanced stage of primary ovarian cancer. However, both patients were eventually found to have primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastasis at laparotomy. Initial symptoms, intraoperative finding, pathology finding, and postoperative clinical courses were documented.ConclusionsComparing with primary ovarian tumor, ovarian metastasis is relatively rare. The clinical presentation can be misleading and the differential diagnoses of primary appendiceal cancer should be considered when preoperative workup is planned.
Genome-Wide Association Studies for Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Colostrum and Serum in Chinese Holstein
Authors: Lin Shan , Ke Cuncun , Liu Lin , Gao Yahui , Xu Lingna , Han Bo , Zhao Yaofeng , Zhang Shengli , Sun Dongxiao
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe early death and health problems of calves caused substantial economic losses in dairy industry. As the immune system has not been fully developed in the neonates, transport of passive immune substance such as immunoglobulins (Ig) from mothers to newborn calves is essential in protecting neonates from infections in their early life. Therefore, concentrations of immunoglobulins in the colostrum and serum of dairy cows are critical traits when estimating potential disease resistance of its offspring. ResultsColostrum, blood and hair follicle samples were collected from the 620 Chinese Holstein cows within 24 hours after calving. The concentration of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM in both colostrum and serum were detected via ELISA methods. With GCTA software, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed with 88,934 SNPs genotyped by using Illumina 50K (54,609 SNPs) and GeneSeek 150K (140,668 SNPs) chips in which 50K chip were imputed to 150K SNPs with BEAGLE. As a result, 20, 1 and 4 significant SNPs were detected associated with the concentrations of IgG2, IgA and IgM at genome-wide level (P < 3.16E–6); 11, 11, 35, 11 and 10 significant SNPs were identified associated with total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM at suggestive level (P < 6.32E–5). Such SNPs were located in or proximate to (±1 Mb) 1,083 genes, which were functionally implicated in biological processes and pathways, such as immune response, negative regulation of immunoglobulin secretion, Fc-epsilon receptor and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. By combining the biological functions and the known QTL data for immune traits in bovine, 21 promising candidate functional genes were identified for immunoglobulins concentrations in colostrum and serum in dairy cattle, they were ABR, TIMM22, CRK, MYO1C, RILP, SERPINF2, AKT1, BCL11B, HHIPL1, DYNC1H1, HSP90AA1, TRAF3, KLC1, IL6, PYCARD, ITGAM, TGFB1I1, GUSB, CRCP, RABGEF1 and SBDS.ConclusionsIn this study, we identified 21 candidate genes related to concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum and serum in dairy cattle by performing GWASs. Our findings provide a groundwork for unraveling the key genes and causal mutations affecting immunoglobulins levels in colostrum and important information for genetic improvement of such traits in dairy cattle.
Hsa_circ_0001944 promotes the growth and metastasis in bladder cancer cells by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA for miR-548
Authors: Jin Mingming , Lu Shengjie , Wu Yue , Yang Chen , Shi Chunzi , Wang Yanqiu , Huang Gang
Published: September 2020

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in cancer development, including BC; thus, the roles of circRNAs in this process have attracted significant attention. Methods: In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze circRNA expression profiles in BC tissues. We performed RT-qPCR to determine hsa_circ_0001944 expression in BC tissues. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect hsa_circ_0001944 expression and hsa_circ_0001944 subcellular localization in BC tissues. hsa_circ_0001944 expression in BC cells was selectively regulated. We employed CCK8, transwell, and wound healing assays to monitor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. We employed the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pulldown assays to verify the relationships among hsa_circ_0001944, miR-548, and PROK2. We examined the effects of hsa_circ_0001944 on BC cell metastasis and proliferation in vivo using a subcutaneous xenograft model and an intravenous tail injection model in nude mice. Results: The results showed that hsa_circ_0001944 expression was significantly increased in BC samples. Furthermore, high hsa_circ_0001944 expression predicted unfavorable prognoses in BC. Functional assays validated that downregulating hsa_circ_0001944 decreased BC invasion and proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Further studies showed that hsa_circ_0001944 expression promoted BC progression via sponging miR-548 and enhancing PROK2 expression. Luciferase reporter experiments validated the interactions between hsa_circ_0001944, miR-548, and PROK2. This study also found that downregulating miR-548 or overexpressing PROK2 restored BC cell invasion and proliferation after silencing hsa_circ_0001944. Conclusions: Taken together, we found that hsa_circ_0001944 is a tumor-promoting circRNA in BC that functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate PROK2 expression via sponging miR-548.
Ecological Benefit Analysis of Restoration of Degraded Environment by Artificial Tamarix-Cistanche
Authors: Jiang Lei , Wang Ying , He Liang
Published: September 2020

The Hotan Region in xinjiang, China is a typical arid area. Natural factors determine that the ecological stability of the area is poor, easy to be damaged and difficult to recover. In order to improve the local ecological environment, this study explored an ecology restoration model with the artificial Tamarix-Cistanche. After the long-term monitoring and comparison at four test sites, it was found that this model also increased the per capita income, reduced the poverty in local farmers, and solved the problem of no direct economic benefit from foresting, as well as the following ecological benefits (1) improving the soil properties, and increasing its powder content and fertility, (2) improving the regional microclimate, reducing the daily temperature and relative humidity ranges, and reducing the regional wind speed, (3) restoring the biodiversity, increasing the vegetation coverage and the amount of animals and plants, and enhancing the water and fertility retention of the soil.
Identification of Globin Switching-Related Genes and RNAs via Transcriptomic Profiling of Nucleated Red Blood Cells Isolated from the Cord Blood of Preterm and Full-Term Newborns
Authors: Han Yuanyuan , Huang Ling , Zhou Man , Gong Shangjin , Zhang Zhaojun , Jin Tingting , Liu Juan , Hu Li , Zhang Wenqiu , Fang Xiangdong , Jia Yankai , Huang Shengwen
Published: September 2020

Background: β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are chronic hemolytic anemias caused by mutation or deletion of the β-globin gene. Reactivation of fetal γ-globin gene (HBG) expression can ameliorate the clinical course of β-hemoglobinopathies. Our current understanding of the globin switching mechanism is not comprehensive, and research into the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process remains limited. Results: We collected umbilical cord blood samples from preterm and full-term infants, from which we enriched and isolated nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) for transcriptome sequencing. We identified mRNAs, lncRNAs, and microRNAs that were differentially expressed in the preterm and full-term samples. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed the biological significance of differentially expressed mRNAs and the targets of differentially expressed lncRNAs and microRNAs. Our analyses revealed that the Fanconi anemia pathway may be involved in the regulation of globin switching at birth. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we confirm that BCL11A is more highly expressed in full-term samples than in preterm samples and is statistically differentially expressed based on biological sex. Results of RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the lncRNA H19 was expressed at a statistically lower level in full-term samples than in preterm samples.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the Fanconi anemia pathway and the H19/let-7/LIN28B axis may be involved in globin switching in umbilical cord blood. The differentially expressed transcripts and their related pathways may constitute novel therapeutic targets for β-thalassemia.
Whole Genomic Comparative Analysis of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 1 Isolates Causing Invasive and Non-Invasive Infections Among Children Under 5 years in Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Nzoyikorera Néhémie , Diawara Idrissa , Fresia Pablo , Maaloum Fakhreddine , Katfy Khalid , Nayme Kaotar , Maaloum Mossaab , Cornick Jennifer , Chaguza Chrispin , Timinouni Mohammed , Belabess Houria , Zerouali Khalid , Elmdaghri Naima
Published: September 2020

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases, even in countries with PCV-10/PCV-13 vaccine implementation. The main objective of this study, which is part of the Pneumococcal African Genome project (PAGe), was to determine the phylogenetic relationships of serotype 1 isolates recovered from children patients in Casablanca (Morocco), compared to these from other African countries; and to investigate the contribution of accessory genes and recombination events to the genetic diversity of this serotype.Results: The genome average size of the six-pneumococcus serotype 1 from Casablanca was 2,227,119 bp, and the average content of coding sequences was 2113, ranging from 2041 to 2161. Pangenome analysis of the 80 genomes used in this study revealed 1685 core genes and 1805 accessory genes. The phylogenetic tree based on core genes and the hierarchical bayesian clustering analysis revealed five sublineages with a phylogeographic structure by country. The Moroccan strains cluster in two different lineages, the five invasive strains clusters altogether in a divergent clade distantly related to the non-invasive strain, that cluster with all the serotype 1 genomes from Africa.Conclusions: The whole genome sequencing provides increased resolution analysis of the highly virulent serotype 1 in Casablanca, Morocco. Our results are concordant with previous works, showing that the phylogeography of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 is structured by country, and despite the small size (six isolates) of the Moroccan sample, our analysis shows the genetic cohesion of the Moroccan isolates.
Acute Abdomen in Adult Revealing Unusual Complicated Epiploic Appendagitis: A Case Report
Authors: charifi yahya , Youssef alaoui lamrani My , Laila Chbani , Meryem Boubbou , Mustapha Maaroufi , Alami Badreddine
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND Epiploic appendagitis is a torsion of fatty appendages of ligamentum trees (1), its a rare cause of abdominal pain that usually manifests by right or left iliac fossa pain, reminding of appendicitis, diverticulitis or ischemia of the omentum. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 56 years old male patient admitted for an epigastric pain and a right-upper quadrant abdominal pain, for whom he underwent an abdominal ultrasound and a CT-scan who shown an abscessed mass under colic transverse to the unusual seat. CT scan is still the key modality for diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary surgery. Complications of primary epiploic appendagitis have rarely been described in the literature. Another more rare complication is appendagitis with associated abscess, in this condition, we must also think about complicated diverticulitis. The treatment of uncomplicated forms is generally conservative, however, some authors have suggested a surgical method . For therapeutic management of its complication, there has been much interest in the use of minimally invasive techniques such as percutaneous drainage to minimize the morbidity and mortality that is associated with surgery. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of epiploic appendagitis is still uncommon, CT scan, can eliminate other diagnosis of acute abdominal pain such as diverticulitis and appendicitis. It also allows the diagnosis of the rare complicated forms such as abscesses associated with epiploic appendagitis. The treatment of typical forms is usually conservative, while the complicated form requires surgery because of the potential associated pathology.
Infection and transmission of the facultative endosymbiont Arsenophonus in the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata
Authors: Jiang Hanqi , Ding Yu , Zhao Dongxiao , Liu Xiangdong , Guo Huifang
Published: September 2020

Background The infection of insect pests and their parasitoids with the facultative endosymbiont Arsenophonus has been well studied, whereas the infection of the predators of insect pests with this symbiont is less well understood. We studied this symbiont in the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, an important predator of rice planthoppers, collected from rice paddies in 8 geographical regions in China.Results Diagnostic PCR showed that Arsenophonus was present in 4 of the 8 sampled populations of spiders. In these 4 populations, the infection incidence was between 2.1% and 16.7% and significantly differed between the Lishui population and the other three populations. Investigation of symbiont infection in both females and their offspring indicated that Arsenophonus can be vertically transmitted in P. pseudoannulata; the average transmission rate was approximately 25%. Remarkably, Arsenophonus was present in approximately 11% of the offspring of uninfected females, indicating that nonmaternal transmission occurs in this spider.Conclusions Populations of the spider P. pseudoannulata are infected at low rates with the symbiont Arsenophonus. This symbiont can be vertically transmitted from female spiders to offspring but may also be transmitted by male spiders or other vectors. Arsenophonus populations from different geographical regions exhibit genetic differentiation.
Prediction of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions Using the Cross-Cell Information and Domain Adversarial Neural Network
Authors: Jing Fang , Zhang Shao-Wu , Zhang Shihua
Published: September 2020

Background: Enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) play key roles in transcriptional regulation and disease progression. Although several computational methods have been developed to predict such interactions, their performances are not satisfactory when training and testing data from different cell lines. Currently, it is still unclear what extent EPI prediction across cell lines can be made based on sequence-level information.Results: In this work, we present a novel Sequence-based method (called SEPT) to predict the Enhancer-Promoter interactions in the new cell line by using the cross-cell information and Transfer learning. SEPT first leans the features of enhancer and promoter from DNA sequences with convolutional neural network (CNN), then designing the gradient reversal layer of transfer leaning to reduce the cell line specific features meanwhile retaining the features associated with EPIs. When the locations of enhancers and promoters are provided in new cell line, SEPT can successfully recognize EPIs in this new cell line based on labeled data of other cell lines. The experiment results show that SEPT can effectively learn the latent import EPIs-related features between cell lines and achieves the best prediction performance in terms of AUC (the area under the receiver operating curves).Conclusion: SEPT is an effective method for predicting EPIs in the new cell line. Domain adversarial architecture of transfer leaning used in SEPT can learn the latent EPI features shared among cell lines from all other existing labeled data. It can be expected that SEPT will be of interest to researchers concerned with biological interaction prediction.
Prior context influences motor brain areas in an auditory oddball task and prefrontal cortex multitasking modelling
Authors: Mugruza-Vassallo Carlos A. , Potter Douglas D. , Tsiora Stamatina , Macfarlane Jennifer , Maxwell Adele
Published: September 2020

In this study, the relationship of orienting of attention, motor control and the Stimulus- (SDN) and Goal-Driven Network (GDN) was explored through an innovative method for fMRI analysis considering all voxels after every type condition. The task consisted of four conditions: standard target (G), novel (N), neutral (Z) and noisy target (NG). First running average reaction times of each condition was made. In the second level analysis, ‘distracted’ participants evoke brain activations and differences in both hemispheres neural network for selective attention as previously reported while the participants, as a whole, demonstrated mainly left cortical and subcortical activations. A context analysis was run in the behaviourally distracted participant group contrasting the trials immediately prior to the G trials, namely one of the Z, N or NG conditions. Results showed different prefrontal activations were evoked dependent on prior context in auditory modality with recruiting from 1 to 10 brain prefrontal areas. The more motor response and influence of the previous novel stimulus the more prefrontal areas, which extend hierarchical studies of prefrontal control of attention and explain better how the auditory processing interferes with movement. Also, it was addressed how subcortical loops and model of previous motor response affected the signal processing the novel stimulus, lateralized or simultaneously, with the Target. This model makes the first grasp to understand how auditory stimulus is changing motor responses in a kind of self-induced motor response. Moreover, current BCI works address some multimodal stimulus-driven systems.
A Clinical Practice Guideline Appraisal for Appropriate Use of Echocardiography in Adult Infective Endocarditis—When to and by Which Mode to Perform an Echo?
Authors: Xie Peihan , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liu Menghui , Zhang Shaozhao , Liu Jia , Liu Donghong , Liao Xinxue
Published: September 2020

BackgroundEchocardiography (Echo) is the primary imaging modality of infective endocarditis (IE). The recommendations on timing and mode selection of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are not fully in agreement among different guidelines, which can be confusing for clinical decision makers. Thus, we aimed to appraise the quality of recommendations by appraising the quality of guidelines. MethodsA search of guidelines published in English during 2007 to 2020 which contains recommendations of appropriate use of Echo in IE adult patients has been conducted. PPRAISAL OF GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH & EVALUATION II (AGREE II) instrument was applied independently by two reviews to assess the integrated quality of identified guidelines. The recommendations of concern were extracted from related chapters.ResultsA total of 9 guidelines meet the criteria with AGREE II score ranging from 36% to 79%, the domain of “stakeholder involvement” got the lowest score. According The most debatable issue is that under what circumstances has the repeated TEE for an initial positive TTE been necessary in suspected IE, the conflicting recommendations on it were presented along with relatively lower evidence level for hardly any related evidence based on.ConclusionsIn the 9 guidelines identified, the recommendations over the appropriate use of Echo are generally satisfying. Clinicians could take into account the guideline quality score when evaluating the recommendations for clinical decision making. More researches with high-grade evidence above the most controversial issues of whether a subsequent TEE is mandatory in uncomplicated native valve IE with an initial positive TTE are needed in the future.
Efficacy of tolvaptan on nephrotic patients with diuretic-resistant edema: a pilot study
Authors: Matsuura Ryo , Ohtake Takayasu , Mochida Yasuhiro , Ishioka Kunihiro , Moriya Hidekazu , Hidaka Sumi , Imamura Teruhiko , Kinugawa Koichiro , Kobayashi Shuzo
Published: September 2020

Background Tolvaptan (TLV), a vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist, is an effective drug for heart failure without worsening renal function. However, the effect of TLV on nephrotic syndrome remains unknown. This study aims to assess the association between response to TLV and clinical parameters including pathological evaluation in nephrotic patients with diuretics-resistance.Methods For prospectively enrolled patients, TLV was added for 14 days after renal biopsy performed. We evaluated the effect of TLV on urine output (UO) and body weight (BW) and the correlation of UO change with BW, urine and blood measurements and pathological evaluation. Pathological evaluation included glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, interstitial fibrosis and the degree of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) positivity in collecting ducts.Results Ten nephrotic patients were enrolled. Two patients already received 140 and 160mg furosemide and others 40mg furosemide before TLV. After TLV administration, no patients showed worsening renal function or hypernatremia (>145 mEq/L) and two patients without any improvement of symptoms discontinued the trial. TLV significantly increased UO at day 1 and decreased BW overall. UO increase at day 1 was significantly correlated with BW decrease at the last follow-up. UO increase at day 1 was correlated only with AQP2 positivity in collecting ducts on biopsied kidney (r2=0.59, p=0.01) while other urine and blood measurements were not. Conclusions TLV was effective on nephrotic patients. UO increase by TLV was correlated with AQP2 positivity in the collecting ducts while biochemistry in urine and blood was not.
Effects of Mixed Probiotic Spores of Bacillus Coagulans and Bacillus Subtilis on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal and Liver Damage of Rats Infected with Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Mazkour Somaye , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram , Basiri Sara , Namazi Fatemeh , Zarei-Kordshouli Forough
Published: September 2020

Background: Although the intestinal lumen is a major way for the entrance of pathogens such as Salmonella, they face a dense microbiota in the gut lumen. This community confers health benefits. The probiotics enhance the colonization resistance and direct inhibitory effects against pathogens, which are important in reducing the incidence, duration of gastroenteritis and also histopathological effects. Methods: In this study spore of two probiotic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans were fed to rats for three weeks through their daily water intake after which Salmonella Typhimurium was gavaged to the rats. On days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after gavaging, intestinal microbiota and days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after gavaging, gut and liver histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: In comparison to the control group, Salmonella caused no change in spore and aerobic bacteria population but it caused anaerobic and coliform bacteria increase and LAB reduction. But B. subtilis and B. coagulans accompaniment with salmonella reduced the anaerobe and coliform bacteria and decreased the LAB population following Salmonella infection. Also, the histopathological evaluation showed that these probiotic attenuated shortening and fusion of villi, mononuclear cells infiltration, submucosal edema and epithelial necrosis in the intestine, hepatocyte degeneration and mononuclear cells infiltration in the liver which occurred due to Salmonella infection.Conclusion: B. subtilis and B. coagulans help the maintenance of the gut microflora population and reduce the histopathological effects when exposing to the Salmonella, which, causes the reduction of this pathogen effects and early recovery.
Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Two COVID-19 Cluster Infections in Beijing, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Ying , Du Jingbo , Leng Qi , Li Zhenwu
Published: September 2020

Background: As a new infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not fully understood. During January - July 2020, there were two clusters infections in Beijing, China. This study was to analyze the features of the two COVID-19 infections in Beijing.Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, 89 cases with the positive novel coronavirus nucleic acid test were collected from January to July 2020 in Beijing. They were divided into January-March group and June-July group. Two groups of data were compared.Results: The eighty-nine cases, 47 males and 42 females, mean age (41±14 years), were used for our study. The most common symptoms were fever (46/89, 52%) and cough (34/89, 38%). The clinical classification were moderate type (56/89,63%), mild type (24/89, 27%), severe type (4/89, 4%), critical type (0), respectively. Ground glass opacity (GGO) (47%) was the majority CT pattern. The frequency of involvement of lower lobe was higher than that of upper lobe (P＜0.01). In January - March group, there were 5 patients (18%) exposure to Wuhan, 15 patients (54%) family clusters, 5 patients (18%) colleague clusters, 3 patients (11%) imported cases. In June-July group, 41 patients (68%) had an exposure to Xinfadi market of Beijing, 6 patients (10%) family clusters, and 14 patients (23%) colleague clusters. The number of patients with fever, cough, chest CT severity score and the number of lesion lung lobes in January-March group was higher than that in June-July group (P＜0.05).Conclusions: Two COVID-19 clusters were dominated moderate and mild type, but few severe types. Patients in June-July group had less symptoms, imaging and family clusters than that in January-March group. This suggested that closely monitoring, early quarantined, nucleic acid test of COVID-19 and chest CT were important measures to prevent epidemic.
A Drug Repositioning Algorithm Based on Deep Auto-Encoder and Adaptive Fusion
Authors: Chen Peng , Bao Tianjiazhi , Yu Xiaosheng , Liu Zhongtu
Published: September 2020

Background: Drug repositioning has aroused extensive attention by scholars at home and abroad due to its effective reduction in development cost and time of new drugs. However, the current drug repositioning based on computational analysis methods is still limited by the problems of data sparse and fusion methods, so we use autoencoders and adaptive fusion methods to calculate drug repositioning.Results: In this paper, a drug repositioning algorithm based on deep auto-encoder and adaptive fusion has been proposed against the problems of declined precision and low-efficiency multi-source data fusion caused by data sparseness. Specifically, the drug is repositioned through fusing drug-disease association, drug target protein, drug chemical structure and drug side effects. To begin with, drug feature data integrated by drug target protein and chemical structure were processed with dimension reduction via a deep auto-encoder, to obtain feature representation more densely and abstractly. On this basis, disease similarity was computed by the drug-disease association data, while drug similarity was calculated by drug feature and drug-side effect data. Besides, the predictions of drug-disease associations were calculated using a Top-k neighbor method that is more suitable for drug repositioning. Finally, a predicted matrix for drug-disease associations has been acquired upon fusing a wide variety of data via adaptive fusion. According to the experimental results, the proposed algorithm has higher precision and recall rate in comparison to DRCFFS, SLAMS and BADR algorithms that use the same data set for computation.Conclusion: our proposed algorithm contributes to studying novel uses of drugs, as can be seen from the case analysis of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it can provide a certain auxiliary effect for clinical trials of drug repositioning
A Nationwide Survey on the Effectiveness of Training on Endoscope Reprocessing Within the National Cancer Screening Program 
Authors: Shin Hye Young , Jang Da Hun , Jun Jae Kwan
Published: September 2020

Background: Training on endoscope reprocessing has been annually implemented for health practitioners working in endoscopy units of hospitals performing national gastric or colorectal cancer screening across the country, as part of the endoscopy quality improvement project. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of endoscope reprocessing training. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, education on endoscope reprocessing was implemented 18 times across the country, from June 2019 to November 2019. A total of 1,186 participants were included and 1,132 of them answered the survey questionnaire (response rate, 95.4%). Results: Of the study participants, 45.8% had previous experience in training on endoscope reprocessing, and 87.6% of them have adhered to the endoscope reprocessing guidelines. Experience of participation in endoscope reprocessing training was significantly associated with practical adherence to endoscope reprocessing guidelines (aOR, 6.55; 95% CI, 3.93 to 10.91). The satisfaction with and need for endoscope reprocessing training were 92.7% and 95.7%, respectively. The level of knowledge and intention to adhere to endoscope reprocessing guidelines were both high (4.65 [1-5]). Conclusions: Training on endoscope reprocessing currently provided at the national level could be effective for obtaining quality control for endoscopy. However, completion of the training by actual practitioners in charge of endoscope reprocessing within the national cancer screening system remains low; thus, strategies for more aggressive training participation for them should be developed at a national level.
Base on metabolomics:analysis of the internal causes of nutrient changes in Leymus chinensis at different harvest stage
Authors: Wang wei , Zhou Tianrong , Ge Gentu , Chang Chun , Yin Qiang , Jia Yushan
Published: September 2020

Background: Leymus chinensis is one of most valuable forage on the native grassland for its higher nutrition content. But the local farmer often gained the worse Leymus chinensis hay due to the unfavourable harvest stage, the nutrition of Leymus chinensis was decreasing from jointing stage to solid stage for its growth characteristics , and the results showed that the crude protein (CP) decreased and the fiber content increased which will caused the nutrition of forage reduced. However, the reason for the nutrient changes in Leymus chinensis has not yet explained at the metabolic level.Results: In this research, the Leymus chinensis was harvested at two growth stage( jointing stage and solid stage). Metabolomics was used to analyze the expression changes of metabolites in the whole plant of Leymus chinensis at different harvest stage, and the metabolites were analyzed based on LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics. A total of 55 metabolic pathways and 119 metabolites were related to the nutritional change in Leymus chinensis. Most of the metabolites are involved in metabolic processes, including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and acid metabolism biosynthesis. Under the action of EBF1/2 and EIN3, cysteine participates in the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway. In solid stage, the increasing content of cysteine directly promotes the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation rate, which is manifested reduce the synthesis of crude protein (CP) in Leymus chinensis, resulting in the decreasing of Leymus chinensis nutrient quality. Carbohydrate metabolism provides raw materials for the synthesis of hemicellulose, leading to the increasing of hemicellulose. In addition, phenylalanine provides the necessary conditions for the synthesis of lignin. These are the internal factors that lead to the decline of quality of Leymus chinensis.Conclusions: This study analyzed the elucidate the relationship between the reduction in the nutritional value of Leymus chinensis and complex biological processes by the metabolomic,This study will provides a theoretical basis for producing high-quality Leymus chinensis hay and sets the stage for further research.
Elevated basal serum levels of calcitonin and simultaneous surgery of MEN2A-specific tumors
Authors: Tang Hai-Xiao , Yang Hao , Li Feng , Cao Zhi-Lie , Huang Yun-Teng , Qi Xiao-Ping
Published: September 2020

Background
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a rare syndrome caused almost by germline RET mutation, and characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), in combination or not with pheochromocytoma (PHEO), hyperparathyroidism (HPTH), cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA) and Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). The basal serum calcitonin (Ctn)/carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are significantly correlated with MTC stage. Metachronous surgery of MEN2A-specific tumors is a routine procedure. We aimed to explore the clinical significance of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP) in MTC with elevated Ctn, and simultaneous surgery of MEN2A-specific tumors.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated 8 RET mutation carriers of 2 Chinese pedigrees with MEN2A. Clinical profiles, imaging examinations, preoperative and postoperative biochemical data, surgical procedures and follow-up records were evaluated.
Results
Three patients showed the levels of elevated Ctn, but normal proGRP. Among them, one patient (FAIII-6) in Family A (one for RET C634R mutation), diagnosed with bilateral MTC, left PHEO, bilateral HPTH and CLA, classified as MEN2A-related CLA subtype, underwent successfully simultaneous adrenal-sparing surgery (ASS), total thyroidectomy (TT) and parathyroidectomy, while TT of the other two patients (FBII-3 and FBIII-7) diagnosed with bilateral MTC in Family B (all for RET C618R mutation) were performed. Unexpectedly, absence of neck lymph node MTC metastasis was indicated by histopathological examination. Postoperatively, all had consistently “undetectable” or normal levels of Ctn/CEA during follow-up.
Conclusions
Patients with normal proGRP, despite high levels of Ctn, might have noregional lymph node MTC metastasis, and neck dissection should be avoided. Moreover, simultaneous surgery for coexistent PHEO, and either MTC or HPTH is an approach of choice to use as an alternative treatment pattern. Recognition of MEN2A-related CLA and subsequently early screening of RET mutation may be favorable for timely management of MEN2A-specific tumors.
Eco-friendly Mn-doped CsPbCl3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Glass with Blue-red Emitting for Indoor Plant Lighting
Authors: Chen Ya , Shen Linli , Liu Jianming , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong , Liu Jianping
Published: September 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Identification and Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in Chicken Macrophages Infected With Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Authors: Li Hao , Cui Pengfei , Fu Xue , Zhang Lan , Yan Wenjun , Zhai Yaru , Lei Changwei , Wang Hongning , yang xin
Published: September 2020

Background: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a gammacoronavirus that seriously affects the world's poultry industry Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a subset of non coding RNAs greater than 200 nucleotides in length, have been recently recognized as pivotal factors during the pathogenesis of viral infection. However, how lncRNAs in host cul tured cells respond to IBV infection was little known. Herein, we detected the expression profiles of the mRNAs and lncRNAs in IBV infected HD11 cells. Results: By RNA seq, 2640 novel lncRNAs were identified, and 181 lncRNAs (59 up regulated lncRNAs , 122 down regulated lncRNAs) exhibited significant difference in expression levels in IBV infected HD11 cells compared with the uninfected. Based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data bases, the significant diff erentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, such as MSTRG.25416.43, MSTRG.6458.31, MSTRG.14220.1 and MSTRG.21445.2, were mainly involved in the regulation of cellular innate immunity and amino acid, nucleic acid metabolism. In addition, 30 DE lncRNAs were screened out, and these lncRNAs may interact with gga miR 30d to regulate IBV replication. Conclusions:Our results provided novel insights into the functions of lncRNAs and the possible pathogenic mechanism following IBV infection.
Effectiveness of Teicoplanin Versus β-lactam for Bacteremia Due to Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus: A Propensity Score-Based Study
Authors: Lee Chen-Hsiang , Tsai Ching-Yen , Chen I-Ling
Published: September 2020

Background: Many studies have shown that vancomycin is inferior to β-lactam antibiotics in terms of effectiveness in the treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. However, limited data are available regarding the comparison of clinical outcomes between patients receiving initial teicoplanin and those receiving β-lactam antibiotics for MSSA bacteremia.Methods: Eighty-four adults with MSSA bacteremia were included: initial teicoplanin treatment group (n=28) and β-lactam treatment group (n=56). The two groups were further stratified based on propensity score matching according to the outcome analysis using a logistic regression model. We investigated the clinical outcomes between the groups before and after propensity score matching after treatment completion.Results: Pittsburgh bacteremia score ≥4 (odds ratio, 60.6; 95%CI, 7.4–496.8) was an independent risk factor for unfavorable outcome. After propensity score matching, the initial teicoplanin treatment group and the β-lactam treatment group consisted of 28 patients each. No statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of patients with favorable outcomes and 30-day overall mortality rates between the groups before and after propensity score matching after the completion of teicoplanin or β-lactam treatment. The Kaplan-Meier 30-day survival curve also showed no significant difference between the patients receiving initial teicoplanin treatment and those receiving β-lactam treatment before and after matching (hazard ratio, 1.84, 95%CI, 0.60–5.64; and 3.12, 95%CI, 0.98–9.99, respectively).Conclusions: There were no significant difference in clinical outcomes between initial teicoplanin treatment and β-lactam treatment among patients with MSSA bacteremia. Pittsburgh bacteremia score ≥4 was a significant risk factor for mortality.
Extended Adverse Effects of Cyclophosphamide on Mouse Ovarian Function
Authors: Kim Jihyun , You Sooseong
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Most patients with cancer undergo multiple administrations of anticancer drugs during treatment, resulting in chronic impairment of their reproductive health. As improved treatment options increase cancer survival, it has become increasingly important to address fertility issues in cancer survivors. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological effects of multiple exposures to cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the ovaries of mice and their underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Cy six times over 2 weeks; 4 weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and their ovaries, sera, and oocytes were collected for histological observation, measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone levels, and assessment of oocyte quantity and quality in response to hormonal stimulation. Gene expression changes in Cy-treated ovaries were examined by microarray and bioinformatics analyses. Results: After repeated Cy exposure, the anti-Müllerian hormone level was decreased, and follicle loss and impairments in the quality of oocyte were irreversible. The expression levels of genes involved in folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and zona pellucida glycoprotein transcription displayed sustained alterations in Cy-exposed ovaries even after 4 weeks.Conclusion: The adverse effects of Cy on ovarian function and oocytes remained even after chemotherapy was complete. Therefore, strategies to prevent ovarian damage or restore ovarian function after treatment are required to safeguard the fertility of young cancer survivors.
miRNA-1246 in Extracellular Vesicles Secreted from Metastatic Tumor Induces Drug Resistance in Tumor Endothelial Cells
Authors: Torii Chisaho , Maishi Nako , Kawamoto Taisuke , Morimoto Masahiro , Akiyama Kosuke , Yoshioka Yusuke , Minami Takashi , Tsumita Takuya , Alam Mohammad Towfik , Ochiya Takahiro , Hida Yasuhiro , Hida Kyoko
Published: September 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of KPNA2 in Six Major Human Cancers
Authors: Liu Ming , Xiu Chaobo
Published: September 2020

Background

Malignant tumors were considered as the leading causes of mortality globally. More and more studies found that dysregulated genes played an important role in the carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore the significance of KPNA2 in human five major cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and bladder cancer based on bioinformatics analysis.
Methods

The data were collected and comprehensive analyzed based on multiple databases. KPNA2 mRNA expression in 6 major cancers were investigated in Oncomine, the human protein atlas and GEPIA databases. The mutation status of KPNA2 in the 6 major cancers were evaluated by online data analysis tool Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) and cBioPortal. Co-expressed genes with KPNA2 were identified by using LinkedOmics and made pairwise correlation by Cancer Regulome tools. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network relevant to KPNA2 was constructed by STRING database and KEGG pathway of the included proteins of the PPI network was explored and demonstrated by circus plot. Survival analysis relevant KPNA2 of the 6 cancers were performed by GEPIA online data analysis tool based on TCGA database.
Results

Compared with paired normal tissue, KPNA2 mRNA was up-regulated in all of the 6 type cancers. KPNA2 mutations especially missense substitution were widely identified in 6 major cancers and interact with different genes in different cancer types. Genes involved in PPI network were mainly enriched in p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, viral carcinogenesis, Foxo signaling pathway and et c. KPNA2 protein was mainly localized to the nucleoplasm and cytosol in cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry assay indicated that KPNA2 protein was also positive expressed in nucleoplasm with brownish yellow staining. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were generally different between KPNA2 high and low expression groups.
Conclusions

KPNA2 was widely dysregulated and mutated in carcinomas and correlated with the patients prognosis which may be potential target for cancer treatment and biomarker for prognosis.
Proteomic Analysis of Pathogen-Responsive Proteins from Maize Stem Apoplast Triggered by Fusarium Verticillioides
Authors: Haseeb Hafiz Abdul , Zhang Jun , Guo Yushuang , Gao Meixu , GUO Wei
Published: September 2020

Background:Plant apoplast is the frontline battlefield between the host and the invading pathogen. In response to the pathogen attack, a variety of defense-associated proteins are secreted by the host plant in the apoplast to impede the perceived attack. To better understand the plant response after Fusarium verticillioides attack, proteomic analyses of the maize apoplastic fluid was done using LC-MS/MS coupled with label-free quantification. Results:In total, 742 proteins responsive to the F. verticillioides infection were identified. Among them, 158 were differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). Out of these 158 proteins, 35 were upregulated, and 18 were down-regulated, whereas, 65 and 40 unique proteins were identified from inoculated and un-inoculated plants, respectively. Enrichment analyses categorized the proteins into 4 pathways, and biosynthesis of amino acid was the prominent pathway followed by the metabolic pathways. Moreover, 86 DAPs were predicted as secretory proteins. The identified secreted proteins were related to a variety of pathways in defense responses, including cell redox homeostasis, cell wall modification, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and others.Conclusions:Our data suggested that the maize plants carried out a rigorous reprogramming of the proteins in the apoplastic region to cope with the attack of F. verticillioides.
Individual Approach for Treatment of Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia in Children: Single-center Experience and Systemic Review
Authors: Kwon Yiyoung , Kim Mi Jin , Kim Eun Sil , Choe Yon Ho
Published: September 2020

Background: Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease. Thus, prospective studies are impossible, and therapy is still controversial. Several medicines are suggested for treatment but there are no existing indications for drug choice and treatment guidelines. We experienced seven patients with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia who showed clinical improvement with different treatments. Aim: We aimed to introduce the action mechanism of each drug and treatment overview in a single-center experience and a systemic review of second-line therapy for primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.Method: Children under 18 years old diagnosed with intestinal lymphangiectasia from June 2000 to June 2020 were included in the study. Capsule endoscopy, MR lymphangiography, or whole-body MRI for investigating the extent of abnormal lymphatic vessels in addition to endoscopy and biopsy were conducted. The individual treatment approaches depended upon the lymphangiectasis locations involved.Results: Only one patient showed a response to dietary therapy. One patient was successfully cured after two therapeutic lymphatic embolization. Octreotide was tried for two patients who had extensive lymphangiectasis. Lymphangiectasis recurred when octreotide was used for three months in one patient, and there was no effect in the other patient. Sirolimus was tried for four patients. Two of them had abnormal lymphatic lesions only in the intestine, and the others had extensive lymphangiectasis. The former group showed clinical improvement after 3 – 4 months of sirolimus treatment, whereas the latter group showed clinical improvement only after one month of sirolimus treatment.Conclusion: Intervention is a potential therapeutic option for patients with focal abnormal lymphatic lesions. Octreotide is not an optimal choice for patients with extensive lymphangiectasis. Sirolimus is an effective and safe drug and can be the first drug of choice for patients with extensive lymphangiectasis.