bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing warm compresses application vs. chilled cabbage leaves for relieving breast engorgement among post-natal mothers
Authors: Eittah Hayam Fathey Ahmed , Ashour Eman Seif S.
Published: July 2019

Background: Breast engorgement is a common problem among postnatal women worldwide, some of whom use warm compresses to promote vasodilatation, improve circulation, and promote the amount of milk produced by the breasts. Conversely, the application of chilled cabbage leaves can reduce pain, the firmness of the engorged breasts, and prolong breastfeeding duration.Purpose: To examine the effect of warm compresses application as compared to chilled cabbage leaves for relieving breast engorgement and pain.Methods: Setting: The study was carried out at a postnatal ward and outpatient clinic at two hospitals in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Sampling: simple randomization technique was used to divide 100 post-natal women into two groups who received intervention with warm compresses (Group 1) and chilled cabbage leaves (Group 2). Instruments: Instrument I: interviewing questionnaire; Instrument II: six-points breast engorgement scale; and Instrument III: visual analog scale (VAS).Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference and improvement in terms of reduced engorgement and pain degree for both groups, with greater improvement was observed in Group 2 when compared to Group 1.Conclusions: Chilled cabbage leaves are effective in the treatment of breast engorgement and pain than warm compresses.Recommendations: The mothers should be advised to use chilled cabbage leaves as a home remedy to minimize breast engorment and promote comfort, further studies are recommended in this area in order to expand the evidence based approaches on management of breast engorgement.
Leadership Self-Efficacy, Change Oriented Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Experience
Authors: Adewale Adebayo Saheed , Jamil Hazri , Khadijah Adebayo-Shittabey
Published: July 2019

Knowledge is an essential factor in human existence. Education has been found responsible for social, economic, cultural and technological development of human society. Higher education institutions are responsible for producing required skilled human capital needed to enhance sustainable development. For these institutions to meet up with numerous demand of the society and function effectively leadership is an essential factor to be considered. This study examined the effect of leadership self-efficacy, change oriented behavior on staff organizational citizenship behavior in higher education institutions focusing on the moderating effect of experience. A total of 420 staff from 10 different higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria were sampled. Structural Equation Modeling was used to access the moderating effect of experience on these variables. It was found that experience moderates the relationship between leadership self-efficacy, change oriented behavior, change policy and organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, experience must be considered as a vital factor in higher education management and development.
Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance at the Company Level. Towards a Conceptual Model
Authors: Aluchna Maria , Roszkowska-Menkes Maria
Published: July 2019

Over the last decade strategic implications of CSR have become one of the most important area of research in social business literature. CSR initiatives are gradually advancing from philanthropic programs to authentic strategies intended to regain trust of society at large and generate social change, by simultaneously creating value for shareholders. The CSR isolated from strategy and governance does not provide a fundamental change towards integrated thinking and shift transition into low-emission and resource-efficient economy. Simultaneously, corporate governance proposing maximization of shareholder value and offering formal procedures, guidelines and evaluation standards cannot longer be an asset for companies if it remains detached from the assumptions of socially and environmentally responsible business. In this conceptual paper we use the results of the literature review to identify four stages of CSR and corporate governance integration.
The Impact of Economic Attitudes on Natural and Social Corporate Responsibility – A Comparative Study of Lithuania and Slovenia
Authors: Nedelko Zlatko , Peleckiene Valentina , Peleckis Kęstutis , Peleckis Kestutis K. , Lapinskiene Giedre , Potocan Vojko
Published: July 2019

This paper reports on research that examines the state of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the impact of economic attitudes on natural and social CSR in Lithuania and Slovenia. The study exposes CSR and organizational behavior theories and analyzes answers from 159 Lithuanian and 183 Slovenian business students considered as future employees. The authors established a model to examine the impact of economic CSR – considered through a “primary concern for economic results” and “devoting resources for CSR” to “natural CSR” and “social CSR.” In Lithuania interest in social CSR prevails, while in Slovenia interest is focused on natural CSR. The economic aspect of CSR is poorly appreciated in both countries. Associations between CSR aspects reveal that favoring economic results has no significant influence on natural and social CSR in the Lithuanian sample. In the Slovenian sample there is a significant and negative association between the concern for economic results and natural and social CSR. A positive and significant impact of devoting resources to natural and social CSR in both countries exists, but the impact is stronger for Slovenia than Lithuania. Devoting resources contributes more to a concern for social rather than natural CSR in both samples. Economic CSR explains significantly more variance in social CSR than in natural CSR. The findings could help improve and develop CSR behavior in organizations and among their future employees. They could also benefit higher education organizations and society.
The Conceptualization of the Sharing Economy as a Business Model
Authors: Šiuškaitė Donata , Pilinkienė Vaida , Žvirdauskas Dainius
Published: July 2019

The phenomenon of sharing economy originated as a response to the intensifying globalization, misallocation of resources, rising levels of poverty and inequality. The spread of information and web technologies forced the society and existing businesses to take a look at the concept of ownership from another viewpoint and revealed a new truth: what we own is not more important than what we share. Today the world observes not only a rapidly growing number of new sharing economy initiatives, but a considerably wider variety of sectors the platforms emerge in as well. However, an extensive amount of scientific publications disregard this fact and apply a simplified business model to all sharing economy initiatives despite their evident differences. The assessment of the recently emerged phenomenon was based on a theoretical analysis of scientific literature. The paper provides a chronological process of sharing economy development as well as examines the formation and disclosure of the concept itself. Moreover, the research also presents the peculiarities of the sharing economy as a new business model by defining the characteristics and dimensions of the sharing economy and describing the key factors and drivers of the phenomenon. A conceptual business model of sharing economy based enterprises is provided as a final result of this paper.Sharing Economy, Collaborative economy, Business Model, Digital Platforms, Users, Peer-to-peer
Effect of Glutamine Supplementation and Leech Therapy on Blood Lactate Level and Pain Index in a Single Bout Exhaustive Exercise in Young Athletes
Authors: Sadeghi Abbas , Ghiyami Hamed
Published: July 2019

Background: Glutamine supplementation for recovery is common in sports. Leech therapy has also been used as complementary medicine in traditional Iranian medicine. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine intake and leech therapy on blood lactate level and pain index in a single bout exhaustive exercise in athletes. Methods: Thirty-two male athletes (22.2 ± 2.06 years) were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 8) of control, glutamine (0.6 g/kg body weight), leech therapy (2 leeches), and combined leech therapy + glutamine. The subjects participated in an exhaustive test. The levels of lactate and muscle pain perception were measured before, immediately after, and a half and an hour after the test. The significance level was considered P ≤ 0.05. Results: In all groups, lactate increased immediately after the activity, the highest increase was observed in the control, leech therapy, glutamine, and glutamine + leech therapy groups, respectively. Also, the most reduction in lactate level was observed in 1 hour and a half hour after the activity, which was related to the glutamine + leech therapy group. The highest reduction in the pain was observed at 1 hour and a half hour after the activity, which was related to the glutamine + leech group. Conclusions: The results showed that glutamine supplementation prior to a single bout exhaustive exercise followed by leech therapy led to a decrease in the lactate level and pain index during the recovery period compared to the other three groups, suggesting that this method may be effective. However, more research is needed to prove the benefits of this method to reduce the lactate and pain subsequent exhaustive exercise.
Un ejercicio de estilo y pensamiento. A propósito de la reciente publicación de Diego Sánchez Meca. El itinerario intelectual de Nietzsche
Authors: Hoyos Sánchez Inmaculada
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo analiza la reciente publicación de D. Sánchez Meca (2018)  El itinerario intelectual de Nietzsche  en la editorial Tecnos.  Se trata, por tanto, de dilucidar cuáles son las aportaciones de esta obra al campo de los estudios nietzscheanos y también de ponerla en relación, estableciendo vínculos y conexiones, por una parte, con el proyecto de edición completa en castellano de las Obras completas y los Fragmentos póstumos de F. Nietzsche, así como con obras anteriores del autor, como Conceptos en imágenes (Avarigani, 2016) o Nietzsche: la experiencia dionisíaca del mundo (Tecnos, 2005).
A toxoplasmose em felinos: parasitologia, imunologia e diagnóstico animal
Authors: Portilho Maciria Bezerra Freire , Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos de
Published: July 2019

O Toxoplasma gondii é um protozoário distribuído em todo o território mundial com exceção do ártico, com alta prevalência, pertencente à grupo dos coccídios, família sarcocystidae. É um parasita intracelular com ciclo biológico heteroxênico ocorrendo em duas fases diferentes: o ciclo extraintestinal assexuado e ciclo enteroepitelial sexuado  A parasitose pode contaminar diversos felídeos silvestres, dentre eles estão as jaguatiricas, onças, leões, tigres, dentre outros já registrados, contaminados após a ingestão de carnes cruas contendo cistos teciduais tornando-os hospedeiros definitivos, após esse processo, liberam oocistos em suas fezes passando-os para hospedeiros intermediários, que são os bovinos, suínos, aves e humanos. A transmissão da toxoplasmose ocorre pelo contato de fezes contaminada do felino, o animal é infectado ao se alimentar de animais parasitados, carnes cruas com cistos teciduais ocorrendo a paralisação do parasita em seu intestino e eliminação de milhões de oocistos em suas fezes em aproximadamente 7 a 21 dias. Além disso, ratos parasitados pelo protozoário, por meio de mutação genética, altera seu comportamento perdendo a capacidade de memorizar potenciais predadores, de sentir o cheiro e o medo de gatos, tornando-os alvos fáceis na predação. O diagnóstico clínico é de suma importância para esta patologia, através do Ensaio Imunofluorescência Indireta é possível reconhecer dois anticorpos principais, IgG e IgM, diagnosticando por meio de um método analítico de titulação devido sua alta especificidade e espectro completo.
Humanitarian Leadership
Authors: Bollettino Vincenzo , Brown Kenney Allyson , Schwartz Sarah , Burnham Gilbert
Published: July 2019

Leadership skills are essential to addressing today’s humanitarian challenges. While leadership training programs abound in the private sector and within the military, the same is not true for the humanitarian field. International donors have recognized this gap and have recently invested in formal leadership training programs for aid workers. This paper presents a protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of the National NGO Program on Humanitarian Leadership, a leadership training course targeted to humanitarians working for national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide. The protocol establishes a model for evaluating the impact of NNPHL participants’ ability to make decisions about complex challenges in a manner that is consistent with a core set of leadership competencies introduced in the course. The evaluation consists of scenario-based vignettes that the participants answer in order to assess their leadership competencies through a series of illustrative indicators. This paper also includes a discussion of the definition of leadership, both broadly and through the NNPHL course, and the study’s strengths and limitations along with avenues for future research.
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response gene CLPP changes mitochondrial dynamics and affects mitochondrial function
Authors: Wu GuiJun , Xiong Qing , Wei XiaoJun , Wang Ye , Hu XueMei , He GuangZhen , Liu LinJie , Lai QianHui , Dai Zhe , Anushesh Dhakal , Xu Yancheng
Published: July 2019

Mitochondrial dynamics is associated with mitochondrial function, which is associated with diabetes. Although an important indicator of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, to the best of our knowledge, CLPP and its effects on mitochondrial dynamics in islet cells have not been studied to date. We analyzed the effects of CLPP on mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial function in the mice islet β-cell line Min6 under high glucose and high fat conditions. Min6 cells were assigned to: Normal, HG, HG+NC, HG+siCLPP, HF, HF+NC and HF+ siCLPP groups. High glucose and high fat can promote the mRNA and protein expression of CLPP in mitochondria. The increase of mitochondrial fission, the decrese of mitochondrial fusion, and the damage of mintocondrial ultrastructure were significant in the siCLPP cell groups as compared to no-siCLPP treated groups. Meanwhile, mitochondrial functions of MIN6 cells treated with siCLPP were impaired, such as ATP decreased, ROS increased, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. In addition, cell insulin secretion decreased and cell apoptosis rate increased in siCLPP groups. These results revealed that mitochondrial unfolded protein response geneCLPP alleviated high glucose and high fat-induced mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Maruhon Bathhouse
Authors: Kubo Hideaki , Takase Kozo
Published: July 2019

We present a renovation project for a bathhouse at a well‐established 400‐year‐old ryokan (Japanese‐style hotel) in Sawatari Onsen, Gunma Prefecture. We strove to create a naturally ventilated quiet space—without a loud whirring fan—using the air flowing along a curved slab in the bath space. We also sought to highlight the transparency of the onsen (hot springs) water by diffusing light throughout the space. In the rest area, the curved slab forms a large backrest, where patrons relax and enjoy the view outside. The curved form of this slab was created through studies on seating comfort by making mockups and through the confirmation of the light environment using 3D computer graphics (3DCG). Furthermore, we confirmed through computational fluid dynamics analysis that the buoyancy‐driven ventilation effect was caused by the heat of the hot spring in the bath space and this effect ensures the sufficient air exchange rate.
Encephalopathies with KCNC1 variants: genotype‐phenotype‐functional correlations
Authors: Cameron Jillian M. , Maljevic Snezana , Nair Umesh , Aung Ye Htet , Cogné Benjamin , Bézieau Stéphane , Blair Edward , Isidor Bertrand , Zweier Christiane , Reis André , Koenig Mary Kay , Maarup Timothy , Sarco Dean , Afenjar Alexandra , Huq A. H. M. Mahbubul , Kukolich Mary , Billette de Villemeur Thierry , Nava Caroline , Héron Bénédicte , Petrou Steven , Berkovic Samuel F.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To analyze clinical phenotypes associated with KCNC1 variants other than the Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy‐causing variant p.Arg320His, determine the electrophysiological functional impact of identified variants and explore genotype‐phenotype‐physiological correlations.

Methods

Ten cases with putative pathogenic variants in KCNC1 were studied. Variants had been identified via whole‐exome sequencing or gene panel testing. Clinical phenotypic data were analyzed. To determine functional impact of variants detected in the Kv3.1 channel encoded by KCNC1, Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system and automated two‐electrode voltage clamping were used.

Results

Six unrelated patients had a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy and a recurrent de novo variant p.Ala421Val (c.1262C > T). Functional analysis of p.Ala421Val revealed loss of function through a significant reduction in whole‐cell current, but no dominant‐negative effect. Three patients had a contrasting phenotype of Developmental Encephalopathy without seizures and different KCNC1 variants, all of which caused loss of function with reduced whole‐cell currents. Evaluation of the variant p.Ala513Val (c.1538C > T) in the tenth case, suggested it was a variant of uncertain significance.

Interpretation

These are the first reported cases of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy due to KCNC1 mutation. The spectrum of phenotypes associated with KCNC1 is now broadened to include not only a Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy, but an infantile onset Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy, as well as Developmental Encephalopathy without seizures. Loss of function is a key feature, but definitive electrophysiological separation of these phenotypes has not yet emerged.
p75 and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 can identify pathologic Schwann cells in peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Kim Young Hee , Kim Young Hye , Shin Yoon Kyung , Jo Young Rae , Park Da Kyeong , Song Min‐Young , Yoon Byeol‐A. , Nam Soo Hyun , Kim Jong Hyun , Choi Byung‐Ok , Shin Ha Young , Kim Seung Woo , Kim Se Hoon , Hong Young Bin , Kim Jong Kuk , Park Hwan Tae
Published: July 2019

Objective

Myelinated Schwann cells (SCs) in adult peripheral nerves dedifferentiate into immature cells in demyelinating neuropathies and Wallerian degeneration. This plastic SC change is actively involved in the myelin destruction and clearance as demyelinating SCs (DSCs). In inherited demyelinating neuropathy, pathologically differentiated and dysmyelinated SCs constitute the main nerve pathology.

Methods

We investigated whether this SC plastic status in human neuropathic nerves could be determined by patient sera to develop disease‐relevant serum biomarkers. Based on proteomics analysis of the secreted exosomes from immature SCs, we traced p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM) in the sera of patients with peripheral neuropathy.

Results

Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that p75 and NCAM were subtype‐specifically expressed in the sera of patients with peripheral neuropathy. In conjunction with these ELISA data, pathological analyses of animal models and human specimens suggested that the presence of DSCs in inflammatory neuropathy and of supernumerary nonmyelinating or dysmyelinating SCs in inherited neuropathy could potentially be distinguished by comparing the expression profiles of p75 and NCAM.

Interpretation

This study indicates that the identification of disease‐specific pathological SC stages might be a valuable tool for differential diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies.
Novel TTN mutations and muscle imaging characteristics in congenital titinopathy
Authors: Yu Meng , Zhu Ying , Xie Zhiying , Zheng Yiming , Xiao Jiangxi , Zhang Wei , Nishino Ichizo , Yuan Yun , Wang Zhaoxia
Published: July 2019

Objective

We present clinical features, muscle imaging findings, and genetic characteristics of five unrelated Chinese patients with congenital titinopathy, emphasizing the diagnostic role of muscle MRI.

Methods

Five patients who recessive titinopathies were recruited. All patients received muscle biopsies. Mutations were detected by panel massively parallel sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Western blotting of muscle proteins was performed. Leg muscle MRIs were performed in four patients.

Results

Four patients aged 1–4 years old showed delayed motor development from early infancy, while a 17‐year‐old boy showed only a 1‐year history of exercise intolerance. Physical examination showed proximal weakness in three patients. Muscle biopsies demonstrated multiple myopathological changes, including increased internalized nuclei, multicores, central cores, and dystrophic changes. Genetic sequencing revealed compound heterozygous or homozygous novel TTN mutations, including six frameshift mutations, one nonsense mutation, two missense mutations, one splicing mutation, and one small nonframeshift deletion. Protein analyses revealed significant decrease of full‐length titin in all patients. Thigh muscle MRIs in four patients showed prominent fatty infiltration in the upper portion of semitendinosus and the peripheral portion of gluteus medius, while the sartorius and gracilis were relatively preserved.

Interpretation

These cases provided further evidence that TTN mutations are likely responsible for an increasing proportion of congenital myopathies than currently recognized. The novel mutations reported expand the mutation spectrum of the TTN gene. There is a characteristic pattern of muscle involvement in congenital titinopathy regardless of clinical or pathological phenotype, providing valuable clues for guiding a genetic diagnosis workup.
Feverish Delirium: Surrealism, Deconstruction and Numinous Presences
Authors: Spiller Neil
Published: July 2019

Through his current drawing work, 2’s Editor Neil Spiller traces the protagonists of MoMA's 1988 ‘Deconstructivist Architecture’ exhibition back to the Surrealists and their engagement with Paris as a great engine of chance, liberating the coiled‐up and unseen properties of objects.
Observation and Implications of Composition Inhomogeneity Along Grain Boundaries in Thin Film Polycrystalline CdTe Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Misra Sudhajit , Aguiar Jeffery A. , Sun Yubo , v. Devener Brian , Palekis Vasilios , Ferekides Christos S. , Yoon Heayoung P. , Bermel Peter , Scarpulla Michael A.
Published: July 2019

Leading photovoltaic technologies such as multicrystalline Si, CdTe, Cu(In,Ga)Se2, and lead halide perovskites are polycrystalline, yet achieve relatively high performance. At the moment polycrystalline photovoltaic technologies stand at a juncture where further advances in device performance and reliability necessitate additional characterization and modeling to include nanoscale property variations. Properties and implications of grain boundaries are previously studied, yet chemistry variations along individual grain boundaries and its implications are not yet fully explored. Here, the effects of bromine etching of CdTe absorber layers on the nanoscale chemistry are reported. Bromine etching is commonly used for improving CdTe back contacts, yet it removes both cadmium and chlorine along grain boundaries to depths closer to 1 µm. 2D device simulations reveal these composition modifications limit photovoltaic performance. Since grain boundaries and their intersections with surfaces and interfaces are universal to thin film photovoltaics, these findings call for similar studies in each of the photovoltaic technologies to further enable advances.
Simple and Low‐Cost Plasmonic Fiber‐Optic Probe as SERS and Biosensing Platform
Authors: Liu Yun , Guang Jianye , Liu Chuan , Bi Sheng , Liu Qiang , Li Ping , Zhang Ning , Chen Shimeng , Yuan Huizhen , Zhou Dapeng , Peng Wei
Published: July 2019

As an emerging and promising paradigm of nanophotonic “lab‐on‐a‐chip” devices, plasmonic fiber‐optic (FO) probes with nanopatterns suffer from high cost and a complex fabrication process, which keep them from becoming the preferred choice for most optical fiber sensing applications. In this paper, a nanopatterned FO probe is demonstrated to be a surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate and a plasmonic biosensor through theoretical simulations and experiments. The probe is assembled with imprinted nanocavities on the tip of the optical fiber and fabricated through a low‐cost and facile method. The FO probe overcomes the shortcomings of conventional optical fiber sensors that have nanoscale patterns and structures, such as requiring a complex and time‐consuming procedure, expensive specialized instruments, and experienced professional operation. Through investigating its surface sensitivity and the plasmonic coupling effect between Au nanoparticles and the nanocavity, this probe is found to have practical applications in the detection of biochemical molecules. The proposed FO probe can be produced under common experimental conditions, and its operation is simple and understandable, which serves as a new strategy for fabricating nanostructures on fiber tips.
Magnetic Control of Flexible Thermoelectric Devices Based on Macroscopic 3D Interconnected Nanowire Networks
Authors: Abreu Araujo Flavio , da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes Tristan , Piraux Luc
Published: July 2019

Spin‐related effects in thermoelectricity can be used to design more efficient refrigerators and offer promising applications for the harvesting of thermal energy. The key challenge is to design structural and compositional magnetic material systems with sufficiently high efficiency and power output for transforming thermal energy into electric energy and vice versa. The fabrication of large‐area 3D interconnected Co/Cu nanowire networks is demonstrated, thereby enabling the controlled Peltier cooling of macroscopic electronic components with an external magnetic field. The flexible, macroscopic devices overcome the inherent limitations of nanoscale magnetic structures that are caused by insufficient power generation capability limiting the heat management applications. From properly designed experiments, large spin‐dependent Seebeck and Peltier coefficients of −9.4 µV K−1 and −2.8 mV at room temperature, respectively, are found. The resulting power factor of Co/Cu nanowire networks at room temperature (≈ 7.5 mW K−2 m−1) is larger than those of state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric materials, such as BiTe alloys, and the magnetopower factor ratio reaches about 100% over a wide temperature range. Validation of magnetic control of heat flow achieved by taking advantage of the spin‐dependent thermoelectric properties of flexible macroscopic nanowire networks lays the groundwork to design shapeable thermoelectric coolers exploiting the spin degree of freedom.
Nonsaturating Magnetoresistance and Nontrivial Band Topology of Type‐II Weyl Semimetal NbIrTe4
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Bin , Xu Chun Qiang , van Delft Maarten R. , Chen Yu Ge , Fan Xiao Chen , Qian Bin , Hussey Nigel E. , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: July 2019

Weyl semimetals, characterized by nodal points in the bulk and Fermi arc states on the surface, have recently attracted extensive attention due to their potential application as materials for low‐energy‐consumption electronics. The thermodynamic and transport properties of a theoretically predicted Weyl semimetal NbIrTe4 is measured in high magnetic fields up to 35 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K. Remarkably, NbIrTe4 exhibits a nonsaturating transverse magnetoresistance that follows a power‐law dependence in B. Low‐field Hall measurements reveal that hole‐like carriers dominate the transport for T > 80 K, while the significant enhancement of electron mobilities obtained by lowering T results in a non‐negligible contribution from electron‐like carriers, which is responsible for the observed nonlinear Hall resistivity at low T. The Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations of the Hall resistivity under high B give the light effective masses of charge carriers and the nontrivial Berry phase associated with Weyl fermions. Further first‐principles calculations confirm the existence of 16 Weyl points located at kz
= 0, ± 0.02, and ± 0.2 planes in the Brillouin zone.
Prediction of Fluorooxoborates with Colossal Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Coefficients and Extremely Wide Band Gaps: Towards Modulating Properties by Tuning the BO3/BO3F Ratio in Layers
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Tikhonov Evgenii , Xie Congwei , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: July 2019

Fluorooxoborates have inspired investigations of deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials that can meet the multiple criteria. Herein, five stable structures with the composition of BaB2O3F2 (I–V) are discovered using the ab initio evolutionary algorithm. Among them, BaB2O3F2‐I has been synthesized experimentally and confirms the reliability of the method. All of the predicted structures possess extremely wide band gaps (8.1–9.0 eV). Moreover, four new structures exhibit giant second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients (>3×KDP, d36=0.39 pm V−1). A novel type of the [BOF] layer with BO3:BO3F ratio of [1:1] is found in BaB2O3F2‐II and BaB2O3F2‐III. While BaB2O3F2‐IV and BaB2O3F2‐V are solely composed of the BO3F group and have colossal SHG coefficients (ca. 4×KDP). It gives the direct evidence that the BO3F group could generate strong SHG effect. Most importantly, the influences of BO3:BO3F ratio and their number density on band gap, birefringence and SHG effects are investigated.
Metallmodifizierte Nukleinsäuren: Metallvermittelte Basenpaare, ‐tripel und ‐tetraden
Authors: Naskar Shuvankar , Guha Rweetuparna , Müller Jens
Published: July 2019

Das Einbringen von Metallionen in Nukleinsäuren mittels metallvermittelter Basenpaare stellt eine vielversprechende und weit verbreitete Methode zur ortsspezifischen Modifizierung dieser selbstassemblierenden Supramoleküle mit metallbasierter Funktionalität dar. In den vergangenen 20 Jahren wurden zahlreiche solcher Nukleosid‐Surrogate entwickelt, die die Bandbreite an Metallen durch perfekt zugeschnittene Metallbindungsstellen erweitert haben. In jüngster Vergangenheit rückten künstliche, von natürlichen Purin‐ und Pyrimidinbasen abgeleitete Nukleoside durch die erwartete Kompatibilität mit Watson‐Crick‐Basenpaaren in den Fokus AgI‐vermittelter Basenpaare. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst diese sowie weitere aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet metallvermittelter Basenpaare zusammen. Zudem befasst er sich mit weiteren Aspekten metallmodifizierter Nukleinsäuren, indem er eine Erweiterung des Konzepts auf metallvermittelte Basentripel (in Dreifachhelices und dreiarmigen DNA‐Kreuzungen) sowie ‐tetraden (in Quadruplexen) behandelt. Für alle Arten metallmodifizierter Nukleinsäuren werden darüber hinaus postulierte oder bereits erreichte Anwendungen kurz erwähnt.
Synthesis of Functionalized Medium‐Sized trans‐Cycloalkenes by 4π Electrocyclic Ring Opening/Alkylation Sequence
Authors: Ito Tomohiro , Tsutsumi Masaki , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Takikawa Hiroshi , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei
Published: July 2019

Development of a novel synthetic method for medium‐sized trans‐cycloalkenes (TCAs) is described. Functionalized TCAs are readily prepared from simple cycloalkanones in a few steps, namely, enol silyl ether formation, [2+2] cycloaddition, and domino 4π electrocyclic ring opening/alkylation (conjugate addition). The first example of central‐to‐planar chirality transfer from enantiomerically enriched cyclobutenes to TCAs is also described.
Lithium‐Aluminate‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphination Applications
Authors: Pollard Victoria A. , Young Allan , McLellan Ross , Kennedy Alan R. , Tuttle Tell , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: July 2019

Synthesized, isolated, and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopic studies, lithium phosphidoaluminate iBu3AlPPh2Li(THF)3 has been tested as a catalyst for hydrophosphination of alkynes, alkenes, and carbodiimides. Based on the collective evidence of stoichiometric reactions, NMR monitoring studies, kinetic analysis, and DFT calculations, a mechanism involving deprotonation, alkyne insertion, and protonolysis is proposed for the [iBu3AlHLi]2 aluminate catalyzed hydrophosphination of alkynes with diphenylphosphine. This study enhances further the development of transition‐metal‐free, atom‐economical homogeneous catalysis using common sustainable main‐group metals.
Beyond Charge Balance: Counter‐Cations in Polyoxometalate Chemistry
Authors: Misra Archismita , Kozma Karoly , Streb Carsten , Nyman May
Published: July 2019

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are molecular metal‐oxide anions applied in energy conversion and storage, manipulation of biomolecules, catalysis, as well as materials design and assembly. Although often overlooked, the interplay of intrinsically anionic POMs with organic and inorganic cations is crucial to control POM self‐assembly, stabilization, solubility, and function. Beyond simple alkali metals and ammonium, chemically diverse cations including dendrimers, polyvalent metals, metal complexes, amphiphiles, and alkaloids allow tailoring properties for known applications, and those yet to be discovered. This review provides an overview of fundamental POM–cation interactions in solution, the resulting solid‐state compounds, and behavior and properties that emerge from these POM–cation interactions. We will explore how application‐inspired research has exploited cation‐controlled design to discover new POM materials, which in turn has led to the quest for fundamental understanding of POM–cation interactions.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction via Partial Anion Substitution in Titanium Oxide–Carbon Composites
Authors: Qin Qing , Zhao Yun , Schmallegger Max , Heil Tobias , Schmidt Johannes , Walczak Ralf , Gescheidt‐Demner Georg , Jiao Haijun , Oschatz Martin
Published: July 2019

The electrochemical conversion of N2 at ambient conditions using renewably generated electricity is an attractive approach for sustainable ammonia (NH3) production. Considering the chemical inertness of N2, rational design of efficient and stable catalysts is required. Therefore, in this work, it is demonstrated that a C‐doped TiO2/C (C‐TixOy/C) material derived from the metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL‐125(Ti) can achieve a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 17.8 %, which even surpasses most of the established noble metal‐based catalysts. On the basis of the experimental results and theoretical calculations, the remarkable properties of the catalysts can be attributed to the doping of carbon atoms into oxygen vacancies (OVs) and the formation of Ti−C bonds in C‐TixOy. This binding motive is found to be energetically more favorable for N2 activation compared to the non‐substituted OVs in TiO2. This work elucidates that electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) performance can be largely improved by creating catalytically active centers through rational substitution of anions into metal oxides.
An elevated creatine kinase in the context of influenza A infection and sickle cell trait
Authors: Bamber H. , Rudge B. , Vercueil A.
Published: July 2019

We describe the case of a 37‐year‐old normally fit and well man who presented to hospital with fever, lethargy and myalgia. He was found to have a creatine kinase level of over 1 million IU.l−1. He initially underwent fluid resuscitation, but despite this his renal function declined and he required continuous veno‐venous haemodiafiltration. Subsequent testing revealed a positive viral swab for influenza A and that he was a carrier of sickle cell trait. We review the literature for previous reports describing this association and demonstrate the rarity of such a presentation.
Containing‐PMBP N2O2‐donors transition metal(II) complexes: Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analyses and fluorescence properties
Authors: Kang Quan‐Peng , Li Xiao‐Yan , Wang Lan , Zhang Yang , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: July 2019

Three newly designed containing‐PMBP N2O2‐donors complexes, [Co(L1)(CH3OH)2] (1), [{Zn(L2)(CH3OH)(H2O)}3] (2) and [Cu4(L2)4]⋅2CHCl3 (3), have been synthesized and structurally characterized using elemental analyses, infrared and UV–visible spectroscopies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray crystal structure determinations revealed that 1 consists of one Co(II) atom, one completely deprotonated (L1)2− unit and two coordinated methanol molecules. Complex 2 consists of three Zn(II) atoms, three completely deprotonated (L2)2− units, three coordinated methanol molecules and three coordinated water molecules. However, 3 includes four Cu(II) atoms, four completely deprotonated (L2)2− units and two crystallization chloroform molecules. The Co(II) and Zn(II) atoms in the structures of 1 and 2 adopt slightly distorted octahedral geometries. While, Cu(II) atoms in 3 can be best described as adopting slightly distorted square planar geometries. Complex 2 is a novel structure, and the ratio of H2L2 to Zn(II) atom is 3:3. In addition, two‐, three‐ and three‐dimensional supramolecular structures were constructed for 1, 2 and 3. Most importantly, Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1, 2 and 3 was conducted and fluorescence properties were investigated.
Molecular imprint enhanced specific adsorption visualization on electrospun chromogenic membrane for efficient detection of putrescine
Authors: Ying Xiaoguang , Kang Anshun , Zhu Xiaomei , Li Xiao
Published: July 2019

Electrospinning is an important tool for generating continuous fibers with large surface area and high pore ratio. The combination of nanofiber membrane and molecular imprinting can effectively measure specific adsorption of putrescine with coloring procedure. In this work, molecularly imprinted electrospun chromogenic membrane was synthesized with 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) as imitate template. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is used as spinning solution and ninhydrin as chromogenic agent for visualizing detection of target molecular putrescine. The adsorption concentration on molecularly imprinted polymer is illustrated by blue‐purple colored stains and recorded by interactive three‐dimensional surface plot of ImageJ. The results indicated that a uniform and bead‐free PVA nanofiber was obtained using 10% (w/w) PVA solution, 15 kV voltage, 15 cm spinning distance, and 600 rpm roller speed. Also, the adsorption performance of molecular imprinting chromogenic membrane was investigated in detail, showing a higher adsorption capacity of 33.16 μg cm−2 and maximum imprinting efficiency of 2.30 under the best recognition conditions of 315 μL ninhydrin, 0.25% (w/w) BDO, and 0.4 cm sensing distance, as well as a short adsorption equilibrium time of 40 min. In addition, three amine competitors were discussed to reveal the better selectivity and higher specific recognition ability in the imprinted membrane.

HIGHLIGHTS

The molecular imprinting and coloring structure is constructed in nanofiber membrane with an enhanced specific surface area.

The adsorption on imprinted membrane is visualized by chromogenic reaction between putrescine and ninhydrin to form a three‐dimensional interactive surface proceeded using the ImageJ software.

The imprinted nanofiber membrane with large area and high pore ratio is applied in detecting target in trace concentration within shortened time. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48186.
Analysis of the performance and mechanism of desulfurized rubber and low‐density polyethylene compound‐modified asphalt
Authors: Liu Shengjie , Zhou Sheng Bo , Peng Aihong , Xuan Weian , Li Wu
Published: July 2019

Desulfurized rubber (DR) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were used to modify bitumen. The basic physical properties, rheological properties, chemical composition, thermogravimetric behavior, and morphological characteristics were determined and evaluated to analyze the performance and mechanism of DR and LDPE compound‐modified asphalt. A series of experiments (e.g., conventional test methods, rotational viscosity, storage stability, and dynamic shear rheometer tests), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were conducted. The results revealed that DR‐modified asphalt (DRMA) had increases in the penetration, ductility, softening point, and penetration index by 30.2, 22.3, 3.5, and 11.1%, respectively, over the crumb rubber‐modified asphalt (CRMA). The compatibility between the asphalt and modifier is better for DRMA than for CRMA. These findings indicate that DRMA has a better pavement performance than CRMA. Furthermore, compared with DR‐modified bitumen, LDPE inclusions increased the value of G*/sin δ by at least 75.9% and improved the thermal properties. Morphological observations confirmed that the DR/LDPE additives were better dispersed than crumb rubber and formed a more homogeneous phase separation in the asphalt. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48194.
Does increased atmospheric resolution improve seasonal climate predictions?
Authors: Scaife Adam A. , Camp Joanne , Comer Ruth , Davis Philip , Dunstone Nick , Gordon Margaret , MacLachlan Craig , Martin Nicola , Nie Yu , Ren Hong‐Li , Roberts Malcolm , Robinson Walter , Smith Doug , Vidale Pier Luigi
Published: July 2019

We assess the impact of atmospheric horizontal resolution on the prediction skill and fidelity of seasonal forecasts. We show the response to an increase of atmospheric resolution from 0.8 to 0.3° horizontal grid spacing in parallel ensembles of forecasts. Changes in the prediction skill of major modes of tropical El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and extratropical North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability are small and not detected and there is no discernible impact on the weak signal‐to‐noise ratio in seasonal predictions of the winter NAO at this range of resolutions. Although studies have shown improvements in the simulation of tropical cyclones as model resolution is increased, we find little impact on seasonal prediction skill of either their numbers or intensity. Over this range of resolutions it appears that the benefit of increasing atmospheric resolution to seasonal climate predictions is minimal. However, at yet finer scales there appears to be increased eddy feedback which could strengthen weak signals in predictions of the NAO. Until prediction systems can be run operationally at these scales, it may be better to use additional computing resources for other enhancements such as increased ensemble size, for which there is a clear benefit in extratropical seasonal prediction skill.
Implementing the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act in California
Authors: Dumas Leslie
Published: July 2019

Program development has tested how well the state's two leading water‐related regulatory agencies can work together.
Brain activity associated with Dual‐task performance of Ankle motor control during cognitive challenge
Authors: Peters Sue , Eng Janice J. , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa , Borich Michael R. , Dao Elizabeth , Amanian Ameen , Boyd Lara A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Skilled Ankle motor control is frequently required while performing secondary cognitively demanding tasks such as socializing and avoiding obstacles while walking, termed “Dual tasking.” It is likely that Dual‐task performance increases demand on the brain, as both motor and cognitive systems require neural resources. The purpose of this study was to use functional MRI to understand which brain regions are involved in resolving Dual‐task interference created by requiring high levels of Ankle motor control during a cognitive task.

Methods

Using functional MRI, brain activity was measured in sixteen young adults during performance of visually cued Ankle plantar flexion to a target (Ankle task), a cognitive task (Flanker task), and both tasks simultaneously (Dual task).

Results

Dual‐task performance did not impact the Ankle task (p = 0.78), but did affect behavior on the Flanker task. Response times for both the congruent and incongruent conditions during the Flanker task were significantly longer (p < 0.001, p = 0.050, respectively), and accuracy for the congruent condition decreased during Dual tasking (p < 0.001). Activity in 3 brain regions was associated with Dual‐task Flanker performance. Percent signal change from baseline in Brodmann area (BA) 5, BA6, and the left caudate correlated with performance on the Flanker task during the Dual‐task condition (R2 = 0.261, p = 0.04; R2 = −0.258, p = 0.04; R2 = 0.303, p = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusions

Performance of Ankle motor control may be prioritized over a cognitive task during Dual‐task performance. Our work advances Dual‐task research by elucidating patterns of whole brain activity for Dual tasks that require Ankle motor control during a cognitive task.
Right‐sided diverticulitis
Authors: Zimmer Vincent
Published: July 2019

Right‐sided diverticulitis is uncommon in Western populations with few to zero reports on endoscopic correlations. Although ultrasound or imaging studies typically detect advanced forms to be differentiated from acute appendicitis and/or Crohn’s disease, in more subtle presentations with an indication of urgent ileocolonoscopy, endoscopy may reliably establish an unequivocal diagnosis.
Bis(merocyanine) Homo‐Folda‐Dimers: Evaluation of Electronic and Spectral Changes in Well‐Defined Dye Aggregate Geometries
Authors: Kirchner Eva , Bialas David , Wehner Marius , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank
Published: July 2019

A series of three bis(merocyanine) dyes comprising chromophores of different conjugation lengths has been synthesized and the intramolecular aggregation process was investigated by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The spectral changes observed upon variation of the solvent polarity reveal a folding process resulting in a cofacial π‐stack of two chromophores with a decrease of the aggregation tendency with increasing chromophore length and solvent polarity. Solvent‐dependent UV/Vis studies of the monomeric reference dyes show a significant increase of the polyene‐like character for dyes with longer polymethine chains in nonpolar solvents, which is reversed upon aggregation due to the polarizability effect of the adjacent chromophore within the dye stack. The pronounced hypsochromic shift of the absorption band observed upon aggregation indicates strong coupling of the dyes’ transition dipole moments, which was confirmed by quantum‐chemical analysis.
Bis(merocyanine) Hetero‐Folda‐Dimers: Evaluation of Exciton Coupling between Different Types of π‐Stacked Chromphores
Authors: Kirchner Eva , Bialas David , Würthner Frank
Published: July 2019

Exciton coupling between different types of chromophores has been rarely investigated. Herein, a systematic study on the exciton coupling between merocyanine chromophores of different conjugation length with varying excited state energies is presented. In this work well‐defined hetero‐dimer stacks were obtained upon folding of bis(merocyanine) dyes in nonpolar solvents. They show distinctly different absorption properties in comparison with the spectra of the single chromophores, revealing a significant coupling between the different chromophores. The simulated absorption spectra obtained from time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. Our theoretical analysis based on an extension of Kasha's exciton theory discloses strong coupling between the dyes’ transition dipole moments despite of an excited‐state energy difference of 0.60 eV between the chromophores.