bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efectividad de hongos entomopatógenos sobre la mortalidad de Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) en condiciones de laboratorio
Authors: Ramírez-Sánchez Carlos Jesús , Morales-Flores Francisco Javier , Alatorre-Rosas Raquel , Mena-Covarrubias Jaime , Méndez-Gallegos Santiago de Jesús
Published: April 2019

Actualmente a nivel nacional e internacional Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) se ha convertido en el principal enemigo fitosanitario del nopal (Opuntia spp.). Para su control existen pocas opciones, pero se ha privilegiado el empleo de agroquímicos, con los efectos colaterales que su uso implica. Considerando que la utilización de hongos entomopatógenos representan una alternativa viable en el manejo integrado de este fitófago, en esta investigación se evaluó la patogenicidad y virulencia de tres especies y dos aislamientos: Beauveria bassiana (GHA, Bb1), Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma129, Ma130) y Lecanicillium lecanii (974, 2009) sobre la mortalidad de ninfas de segundo instar de D. opuntiae. Los resultados mostraron que todos los aislamientos evaluados presentan diferente grado de patogenicidad; sin embargo, M. anisopliae y L. lecanii resultaron más efectivos. El aislamiento Ma 130, perteneciente a M. anisopliae presentó la mayor virulencia determinada en función de la CL50 con un valor de 6.63 x 107 conidios mL-1, bajo condiciones controladas. Por lo anterior, este aislamiento podría ser considerado en una estrategia de control de D. opuntiae.
Composición química de volátiles de hojas de caña de azúcar y pastos mediante cromatografía de gases
Authors: Ramírez-Medorio Nelson José , Hernández-Rosas Francisco , Osorio-Acosta Francisco , López-Collado José , Figueroa-Rodríguez Katia A. , Amante-Orozco Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo analizó las volátiles mediante la obtención de extractos de hojas verdes de caña de azúcar en estado maduro de ocho variedades de caña de azúcar y de dos especies de pastos mediante hidrodestilación con una trampa Clevenger. Las variedades de caña de azúcar utilizadas en este estudio fueron: CP 72-2086, MEX 69-290, RD 75-11, ITV 92-1424, MEX 79-431, L 77-50, COLPOS CT MEX 05-223, COLPOS CT MEX 05-204. Los pastos evaluados fueron: zacate peludo (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) y pasto estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis). En el material evaluado se encontraron tres compuestos principales, estos son: (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol y fitol. Estos compuestos fueron más representativos en las variedades CP 72-2086 y MEX 69-290. El compuesto con mayor frecuencia fue el (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, que estuvo presente en siete variedades al igual que en los dos pastos evaluados. La abundancia de (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol en las muestras de las variedades de caña de azucar varia desde 20.35% hasta 57.36%, la mayor cantidad de (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol se detecto en el pasto estrella africana con una abundancia de 59.69%.
“Agora é guerra”: a presença do discurso mobilizador em campanhas de controle da dengue
Authors: Campos Vívian Tatiene Nunes , Corrêa Laura Guimarães
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados de pesquisasobre as campanhas publicitárias da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES-MG) veiculadas na televisão para controle da dengue, observando de que maneira a ideia de mobilização foi utilizada como estratégia discursiva. As peças foram estudadas a partir da perspectiva da nova análise do discurso proposta por Charaudeau, que concebe os discursos como resultantes de uma articulação de mão dupla entre os planos situacional e linguístico. Neste artigo, analisamos dois dos filmes publicitários veiculados nos anos 2010 e 2014, integrantes das campanhas ‘Agora é Guerra – Todos contra Dengue’ e ‘Dengue – Ou a gente acaba com Ela ou Ela acaba com a gente’. Investigamos e questionamos tanto o discurso mobilizador adotado, que traz referências visuais, textuais e sonoras que remetem a uma guerra contra um inimigo comum, quanto as representações hegemônicas de gênero nas campanhas.
Contribuições da psicologia discursiva para o campo da comunicação sobre riscos em saúde
Authors: Spink Mary Jane Paris
Published: April 2019

A comunicação no campo da saúde é um imperativo ético e, no caso da comunicação sobre riscos, seguiu longa trajetória, que levou de modalidades unidirecionais de transmissão de informação de especialistas para a população à paulatina participação do público, de modo a incentivar a alfabetização nesse âmbito como precondição para modificar práticas visando à promoção da saúde. Na perspectiva das ciências sociais, em um primeiro momento, a contribuição maior veio da psicologia cognitiva, sobretudo das pesquisas baseadas na psicometria. A psicologia social entra nesse campo mais tardiamente, sendo objetivo desta nota de conjuntura pontuar as contribuições dos estudos sobre linguagens dos riscos, mais especificamente a respeito das distintas tradições discursivas, a fim de entender os processos de produção de sentido sobre riscos na vida cotidiana, propondo que a mediação psicossocial é relevante para romper com a dicotomia entre especialistas e leigos.
Salutarismo e medicalização da vida cotidiana
Authors: Crawford Robert
Published: April 2019

Este artigo trata de algumas implicações da nova consciência de saúde e seus movimentos – de saúde holística e autocuidado – para a definição e solução de problemas relacionados à ‘saúde’. O salutarismo representa um modo particular de considerar o problema da saúde e é característico desse novo tipo de consciência e de seus movimentos. Ele pode ser melhor entendido como uma forma de medicalização, no sentido de que ainda retém noções-chave da medicina. Assim como a medicina, o salutarismo situa o problema da saúde e da doença no nível do indivíduo, e as soluções são elaboradas no plano individual. Na medida em que o salutarismo dá contornos a crenças populares, continuaremos a ter uma concepção e estratégias de promoção de saúde apolíticas, e, portanto, sem efeitos. Além disso, ao conceder à saúde um estatuto de supervalor, uma metáfora para tudo o que há de bom na vida, o salutarismo reforça a privatização da luta por generalização do bem-estar.
BIOTECHNOLOGY METHODS FOR ACCELERATION OF SAFFLOWER SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM L.
Authors: Kalashnikova Е. А. , Kirakosyan R. N. , Temirbekova S. К. , Beloshapkina О. О. , Tareeva М. М. , Postnikov D. А.
Published: April 2019

Presents the results of years of research of cell selection of safflower varieties Krasa Stupinskiy for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. The studies were performed on well proliferating callus tissue obtained from cotyledon leaves and hypocotyl segments isolated from sterile safflower seedlings. The culture filtrate (CF) of the pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum) in concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20% and 50% was used as a selective factor. Toxicity of CF was determined by germination of seeds, as well as by the growth of callus tissue. It was found that the culture filtrate in different concentrations has a toxic effect on the biometric parameters of safflower seedlings and on the growth of callus tissue. Moreover, with an increase in the concentration of CF phytotoxic effect is enhanced, and at a concentration of 100% there is a complete inhibition of seed germination. The optimal concentration of CF for cell selection is 15%. Adaptation of callus cells to the action of cf pathogen is caused by cell wall lignification. The resulting plants-regenerante who undergo further testing.
RENT-FORMING POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENTIAL ORGANIC FARMING FORMATION IN KOMI REPUBLIC
Authors: Shcherbakova (Ponomareva) А. S. , Zhukov N. I. , Eremeev V. I.
Published: April 2019

In the various crisis conditions of agricultural development, the role of promising sectors of the agrarian sector is growing. The development of organic agriculture is relevant and in demand throughout the world. Demand for organic products is increasing. For Russia, organic agriculture is a young sector that requires the adoption of a law in this area and the creation of effective mechanisms for its management and support. Russia can become one of the main suppliers at the world level of organic food products. On the example, the Republic of Кomi, perspective of the development of organic agriculture in the region of the main agricultural food products. For conducting organic farming, a rating assessment of soil quality was carried out in the agro-climatic regions of the region. The Komi Republic agro-industrial complex is confronted with the task of increasing the self-sufficiency of basic foodstuffs, which should be carried out in four directions: the first is ensuring domestic production of products on the average annual level, which were reached by Republic in 1986-1990, on average; the second is the achievement of the highest level of production for each type of product that the republic had from 1990 to 2015; the third is a 25% increasing in self-sufficiency of the population with meat and milk with adaptive chemicalization of the republic agriculture that does not harm the ecological environment; the fourth is the development of organic farming, bringing the level of self-sufficiency of the population of the republic: with meat – more than 60 kg / person, milk – 280 kg / person, which will satisfy the recommended consumption rates of the Russian Federation by 86.2%, and WHO, respectively, by 76.9 and 69.1%. At the same time, the specialized production profile should be differentiated according to the soil rating for organic farming in the agro-climatic regions of the Komi Republic and within them presented in the article.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ENRICHED CULTURED MILK PRODUCT
Authors: Gribanova S. L. , Sinegovskiy М. О. , Prisyazhnaya S. P.
Published: April 2019

In the enrichment of fermented milk ice cream with beekeeping products, preference is given to pollen from royal jelly to bee adsorbed on the basis of their high biological value, sufficient raw material availability and low cost. The resulting product with improved structural mechanical properties: an increase in the viscosity and air saturation of the mixture at the stage of its preparation, as well as resistance to melting of the finished product. The product has improved organoleptic characteristics, milky taste, having a delicate honey-floral shade and high biological value. In addition, due to the increased content in the resulting functional product of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids and the consortium of bifidobacteria and lactic acid microorganisms (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. Bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus), there will be, the activity of the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, is a preventive, tonic effect on the body, the immune system is stimulated. The influence of the stabilizer on the formation of the structure and consistency of ice cream. With optimal doses of pollen, royal jelly adsorbed and the use of lactic acid microorganisms, the developed product can compensate for the deficiency of biologically active components in the diet for all age and social groups. When organizing and conducting research, a set of generally accepted, standard techniques and research methods, including physicochemical, biochemical and rheological, were used. The technology has been developed, the content of nutrients has been determined, the production method ice cream enriched with beekeeping products – flower pollen and royal jelly adsorbed, has been received a for invention RF Patent No. 2614797
GIS Based Appraisal of Waste Disposal for Environmental Assessment and Management in Mainland Area of Lagos State, NG
Authors: Jimoh Rafiu , Moradeyo Adeniji , Chuma Vivian , Olubukola Ogungbade , Yusuf Afonja
Published: April 2019

An appraisal of Waste disposal for environmental assessment
and management in Lagos Mainland of Lagos state using the GIS has been carried
out. GIS has been a veritable tool for analyzing, storing, querying, capturing,
displaying and managing of Geographic information or data. This paper addressed
the usefulness of Geographic information system applications in Waste disposal distribution
and in management.
The coordinates of the existing waste
dump were collected through field survey and a Garmin 78Sc hand held Global
positioning system (GPS) receiver was used in the coordinate acquisition. The
result of the field observations and analysis showed that the GIS can be used
to efficiently monitor waste disposal location, Scheduling of Waste-Bin and this can invariably be used for proper
planning in environmental sanitation, assessment and management holistically.
This study shows that the use of
Geographic Information system cannot be overemphasized in the spatial mapping
of solid waste disposal for environmental management and sanitation assessment.  

 Keywords:
GIS, Spatial Mapping, GPS, Waste Disposal, Lagos Mainland.
Mapping Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Meadows in the Eastern Aegean Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey: Evaluation of Habitat Maps Produced Using the Acoustic Ground Discrimination Systems
Authors: Duman Muhhamed , Eronat Atilla Hüsnü , İlhan Tarık , Talas Ezgi , Küçüksezgin Filiz
Published: April 2019

Coastal areas
include highly complex ecosystems that encompass many different and productive
resources worldwide. Although having such great importance, the lack of basic
knowledge concerning the marine habitat distribution and biodiversity along the
Turkish shoreline is an undeniable reality. In this study, seagrass beds in the
bays along the Eastern Aegean Sea coast were located and mapped. Traditionally,
sea-truth data used for satellite-image and other analysis are collected
through direct observations requiring scuba divers or by aquatic video-camera observation.
This study included a combination of acoustic technology, video recording and
interpretation, geomorphological, oceanographic, and sedimentological evaluation
in order to make significant contributions of current technology. The
classification of the evaluated SBP records exhibited their high discrimination
capacity between different sea-bed features, making them appropriate for ground
distinction. Linking of the SBP data sets to the SSS records (object-based
analysis) provide to full coverage, high resolution benthic habitat maps. For
this purpose, Side Scan Sonar, 3.5/10 kHz Subbottom Profiler and ADCP data were
collected to a range of 50 m water depth, the data was recorded for a total
1600 km2 coastal area that consists of approximately a total 3000 km
long and 1km wide grid system for Edremit, Çandarlı, Gülbahçe, Ildır, Güllük
and Gökova Bays. In the study area, it was determined that the seagrasses are
under danger where high human influence is located. Dense distribution of
invasive plants (Caulerpa cylindracea, Stypopodium
schimperi) were seen at the southern and northern part of the study area
subjected to human activities.
Kernel Equating Using Propensity Scores for Nonequivalent Groups
Authors: Wallin Gabriel , Wiberg Marie
Published: April 2019

When equating two test forms, the equated scores will be biased if the test groups differ in ability. To adjust for the ability imbalance between nonequivalent groups, a set of common items is often used. When no common items are available, it has been suggested to use covariates correlated with the test scores instead. In this article, we reduce the covariates to a propensity score and equate the test forms with respect to this score. The propensity score is incorporated within the kernel equating framework using poststratification and chained equating. The methods are evaluated using real college admissions test data and through a simulation study. The results show that propensity scores give an increased equating precision in comparison with the equivalent groups design and a smaller mean squared error than by using the covariates directly. Practical implications are also discussed.
Umpan balik untuk PO-PAK Kemristekdikti 2019
Authors: Irawan Dasapta Erwin
Published: April 2019

Tabel ini merupakan basis data hasil survey berupa kuesioner anonim yang diisi oleh dosen Indonesia tentang Pedoman Operasional Penilaian Angka Kredit (PO PAK) 2019 (https://osf.io/64qkj), yang rencananya akan berlaku April 2019. Sebanyak 109 responden telah mengisi survey ini. Draft POPAK telah beredar sejak awal Maret 2019 di berbagai media sosial dan Grup WhastApp, tapi belum diketahui kapan masa uji publik ini berakhir dan kapan pula akan disahkan. Form kuesioner dibuat oleh saya, Dasapta Erwin Irawan (Institut Teknologi Bandung) pada awal Maret 2019 menggunakan aplikasi Google Forms pada tautan bit.ly/surveypopak2019. Lisensi yang saya berikan untuk dokumen hasil dan kuesioner adalah CC-0 (public domain). Seluruh material ini dapat digunakan ulang untuk berbagai keperluan. Pengguna TIDAK WAJIB untuk menyebutkan sumbernya, tapi saya sangat menghargai bila itu dilakukan. Terima kasih bagi para responden yang telah mengisi dan juga yang belum sempat mengisi. Tentunya survey ini akan bermanfaat secara langsung maupun tidak langsung kepada perbaikan kualitas penilaian angka kredit di masa mendatang.
Distinguishing cognitive effort and working memory load using scale-invariance and alpha suppression in EEG
Authors: Kardan Omid , Adam Kirsten C. S. , Mance Irida , Churchill Nathan W. , Vogel Edward K. , Berman Marc
Published: April 2019

Despite being intuitive, cognitive effort has proven difficult to quantify. In the current study we validated the correspondence between scale-invariance (H) of cortical activity recorded by EEG and task load during two working memory (WM) experiments with varying set sizes. We used this neural signature to disentangle cognitive effort from the number of items in WM. Our results showed monotonic decreases in H with increased set size, even after set size exceeded WM capacity. This behavior of H contrasted with behavioral performance and an oscillatory indicator of WM load (i.e., alpha-band desynchronization), both of which showed a plateau at difficulty levels surpassing WM capacity. This is the first reported evidence for the suppression of scale-invariance in EEG due to task difficulty, and our work suggest that H suppression may be used to quantify changes in effort even when working memory load is constant and at maximum capacity.
Of two minds or one? A registered replication of Rydell et al. (2006)
Authors: Heycke Tobias , Gehrmann Sarah Marie , Haaf Julia M. , Stahl Christoph
Published: April 2019

Evaluative conditioning (EC) is proposed as a mechanism of automatic preference acquisition in dual-process theories of attitudes (Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006; Rydell & McConnell, 2006). Evidence for the automaticity of EC comes from studies claiming EC effects for subliminally presented stimuli. An impression-formation study by Rydell and colleagues (2006) showed a selective influence of briefly presented primes on implicitly measured attitudes, whereas supraliminally presented behavioral information about the target person was reflected in explicit ratings. This finding is considered one of the strongest pieces of evidence for dual process theories (Sweldens, Corneille, & Yzerbyt, 2014), and it is therefore crucial to assess its reliability and robustness. The present study presents two registered replications of the Rydell et al. (2006) study. In contrast to the original findings, the implicit measures did not reflect the valence of the subliminal primes in both studies.
Unmet Need for Family Planning among Currently Married Young Women in Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Kamala
Published: April 2019

A high level of unmet need for contraception persists among currently married young women in Nepal. Evidences about unmet need for family planning and associated factors are not fully analyzed in the Nepalese context. Therefore, this study investigates the prevalence and determinants of unmet need for family planning among currently married young women in Nepal. This is an analytical cross-sectional study through secondary data analysis of the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey women data-file. The analysis is based on 2,552 currently married young women aged 15-24 years. Logistic regression is used to assess the net effect of independent variables on dependent variable. Women’s current age, number of living children, education level, occupation, women empowerment, caste/ethnic affiliation, and residence are independent predictors of unmet need. The odds of unmet need are significantly higher among the adolescents, rural, not empowered and not working young women. There is a need to strengthen income generating activities so as to improve their socio-economic status which will translate into female economic and social empowerment which enable them to discuss on sexual issues. Family planning programmes should be designed so as to address the unmet need of young women especially the rural adolescents.
Conflicting Interests: Development Politics and the Environmental Regulation of the Alberta Oil Sands Industry, 1970–1980
Authors: Longley Hereward
Published: April 2019

This article examines the relationship between development politics and environmental regulation and research during the first commercial development phase of the oil sands industry. As demand for oil grew after the Second World War, and oil supplies from the Middle East became less stable, oil companies began building facilities to produce synthetic oil from the bitumen deposits in north-eastern Alberta. The commercialisation of the oil sands industry coincided with the formalisation of environmental policy at both the provincial and federal levels. When the Progressive Conservative Party, led by Premier Peter Lougheed, formed a government after winning the 1971 election, it strengthened and expanded the scope of environmental regulation into the mid-1970s. The 1973 oil crisis changed the economic viability and importance of the oil sands industry. For Lougheed, the oil sands industry became a cornerstone of the PC government's goals to diversify the Alberta economy. To save the Syncrude project after Atlantic Richfield withdrew its thirty per cent stake in the consortium in December 1974, the Alberta government bought a ten per cent position along with the federal government and Ontario. This article argues that investing in the oil sands industry created a conflict of interest for the Alberta government, as it became both the regulator and the developer of the resource. Using a range of archival sources and oral history, it shows how Alberta's environmental policies and research programmes were sidelined by the Lougheed government in the latter half of the 1970s, culminating in the cancellation of the Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research Program in 1980. The marginalisation of environmental regulation and research has contributed to the environmental impacts of the oil sands industry on ecosystems and Indigenous communities, and limited public awareness of environmental change.
LESSON-QUEST ON THE THEME “BASICS OF ALGORITHMIZATION”
Authors: Temnorusova O. N.
Published: April 2019

The article presents a lesson-quest to summarize the knowledge on the theme “Basics of algorithmization”, built on the basis of the use of interactive tasks. The information educational environment for student group work is a Google site with an interactive map of Thinglink, containing tasks for summarizing. Access to tasks is carried out via a hyperlink or using QR codes.
MODELING OF RANDOM EVENTS USING A SPREADSHEET
Authors: Korolev A. L.
Published: April 2019

The article discusses the methods and features of modeling random events. On this basis, the possibility of building simulation models and simulation experiments in a spreadsheet environment is shown. In the presented tasks, the characteristics of random events are considered: probability, frequency, probability distribution. The publication reflects the author’s personal experience of teaching the courses “Computer simulation”, “Modeling of processes and systems” in South Ural State University of Humanities and Education, as well as experience as an informatics teacher.
The inventory of archaeological horizon 4 and 3 and the loess section of Grub/Kranawetberg, a Gravettian camp site in Lower Austria
Authors: Antl Walpurga
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Die Ausgrabungen an der Gravettienfundstelle Grub/Kranawetberg bei Stillfried erbrachten vier archäologische Horizonte. Der unterste (AH4) enthält zwei Herdstellen, die beide von einer Reihe von Grübchen umgeben sind. Der darauf folgende Horizont (AH3) ist durch eine 8–10 cm mächtige Lössschicht von AH4 getrennt. In AH3 gibt es keine evidenten Strukturen. Über AH3 liegen zwei weitere archäologische Horizonte mit lediglich einigen verstreuten Funden. Chronologisch sind beide Horizonte zwar nahe beisammen, sie sind aber sehr unterschiedlich, was die Strukturen und das Inventar angeht. Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt scheinendie beiden Horizonte die Anwesenheit von zwei Gruppen widerzuspiegeln, die dieses Gebiet möglicherweise unter sich ändernden Umweltbedingen nutzten.
In den Jahren 2010 und 2011 wurde eine Reihe von Proben für IRSL und OSL Datierungen an zwei langen Profilen im Osten der ausgegrabenen Fläche genommen. So gesehen gibt der Platz nicht nur Einblick in einen bedeutenden Abschnitt der kulturellen Entwicklung vor dem Kältemaximum der letzten Eiszeit, sondern auch in die klimatischen Veränderungen des Hochglazial in diesem Teil von Österreich.
Investigating the Effect of CuO/NiO and CuO/CoO Relative Composition on the Reduction Time of (CuO)x-(NiO)(1-x) and (CuO)x-(Co3O4)(1-x) with Methane Gas as the Reducing Agent in the Synthesis of Nano-bimetallic Nix-Cu(1-x) and Cux-Co(1-x)
Authors: Ghanbarabadi Hassan , Khoshandam Behnam
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the reduction duration of (CuO)x-(NiO)(1-x) and (CuO)x-(Co3O4)(1-x) binary mixtures was studied using thermogravimetric method. The reduction reaction was performed using copper, nickel and cobalt oxides as metal precursors and methane gas as the reducing agent, under atmospheric pressure. The products as well as the raw materials were characterized and analyzed using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Initially, CoO, NiO and CuO were transformed to Co, Ni and Cu through reduction reactions with 23 Vol.% of methane at 830 °C. Results demonstrated that the reduction times of NiO, CoO and CuO NPs with CH4 at 830 °C were 14, 39 and 47 min, respectively. EDS and XRD analysis indicated that more than 97 % of copper, nickel and cobalt oxides were transformed to copper, nickel and cobalt NPs. The reaction time of (CuO)x-(NiO)(1-x) and (CuO)x-(Co3O4)(1-x) binary mixtures with methane was investigated to evaluate the effect of CuO (x=0, 0.4, 0.6, 1) relative composition. In addition, the reaction time of ternary mixture of (NiO)0.6-(CuO)0.2-(Co3O4)0.2 with methane gas was also studied.
Numerical Analysis of Thermal and Moisture Bridges in Insulation Filled Masonry Walls and Corner Joints
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Stocker György
Published: April 2019

In recent years, thermal insulation filled masonry blocks have become widespread in Central-Europe. These blocks can satisfy thermal performance requirements without the need of additional insulation. However, these requirements in the building regulations only consider thermal, but neglect moisture aspects. This paper presents a comparative analysis of steady-state numerical conjugated heat- and moisture transport FEM simulations of masonry walls. The hygrothermal material properties of the insulation filled masonry blocks were measured in laboratory. In the paper, besides a wall section, a wall corner joint is presented, both modeled in 2D from complex building elements, such as insulation filled blocks, and were tested using different fillers (aerogel, expanded perlite, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool and PUR foam), respectively. Monthly variation of the fillers’ thermal conductivity, thermal and moisture transmittance and effective water vapor diffusion resistance of the walls, as well as linear thermal and moisture transmittance of the wall corner joints were examined in details. A comparison between detailed and simplified modeling were also carried out. The evaluation of the results shows that there are noticeable differences in trends between thermal and moisture transmittances, latter show significantly greater variation and depends mainly on the hygrothermal behavior of the filler. Based on effective water vapor resistance factors, we showed that assuming the same vapor transmission properties for all type of filled masonry blocks is a mistake.
Rynek pożyczek pozabankowych w Polsce w świetle polityki niskich stóp procentowych banku centralnego
Authors: Szelągowska Anna
Published: April 2019

A large part of the society is still financially excluded from social life despitethe era of low or zero interest rates. Banks are not interested in rendering servicesto customers of limited means. In consequence, citizens excluded from the bankingsector are searching for the alternative sources to satisfy their financial needs.Money is supplied by payday loan providers which offer usurious short term loansat prices many times higher than bank prices. The article answers the followingresearch question: Is the payday lending market winning the competition withthe banking sector in Poland and if so, what is the reason in era of historic lowbasic interest rates and incomparably higher total costs of payday loans? Thefollowing research hypothesis was verified in the study: the lack of supervisionover payday loan companies in Poland contributes to usurious exploitation ofthe people excluded by banks, which results in a debt spiral for a considerablesegment of customers.
Wpływ parametru luki na ryzyko opcji sprzedaży
Authors: Dziawgo Ewa
Published: April 2019

Gap options are singular payoffs options characterized by discontinuity of pay-offfunction. The article presents the properties of the gap put option: construction ofinstrument, the pay-off function, the pricing model, the influence of selected factorson the pricing and the value measurements of risk (coefficients delta, gamma,vega, theta, rho). The paper analyses the influence of the underlying instrument’sprice, the time maturity and the gap parameter on the risk performance of the putoptions using pricing simulations of the currency options on EUR/PLN.
Nieetyczne postawy podatników jako zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa finansowego państwa
Authors: Pasternak-Malicka Monika
Published: April 2019

The article describes the ethical aspect of the taxpayers’ attitudes and summariesresearch indicating a deficit of ethical behavior among households and businessentities. Linear regression method was used to show the statistical relationshipbetween the level of the shadow economy and tax revenues in Poland. The purposeof this article is to present the essence of Poles’ morality on taxation resultingfrom the loss of civil instinct and ethical behavior in the context of their impacton the financial security of the state.
A General Korovkin Result Under Generalized Convergence
Authors: Garrancho Pedro
Published: April 2019

In this paper the classic result of Korovkin about the convergence of sequences of functions defined from sequences of linear operators is reformulated in terms of generalized convergence. This convergence extends some others given in the literature. The operator of the sequence fulfill a shape preserving property more general than the positivity. This property is related with certain extension of the notion of derivative. This extended derivative is precisely the object of the approximation process. The study is completed by analysing the conditions for the existence of an asymptotic formula, from which some interesting consequences are derived as a local version of the shape preserving property. Finally, as applications of the previous results, the author use the following notion of generalized convergence, an extension of Nörlund-Cesaro summability given by V. Loku and N. L. Braha in 2017. A way to transfer a notion of generalized convergence to approximation theory by means of linear operators is showed.
Forecasting the Stock Price by using Holt’s Method
Authors: Sharif Omar , Hasan Md Zobaer
Published: April 2019

This study proposed to develop a stock indicator that can forecast the value of a share by considering the daily closing price or opening price with the different parameter of Holt’s method. Most of the indicator which is existing in most of the stock market which forecasted value is based on a long period forecast. But, Holt’s method will be easy to analyze the price of an individual company with maximum accuracy for short period forecasting. The daily data, the closing price of the different company, are collected from the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) for the period of 2016. The variables: level, trend, forecast as well as smoothing constant (α, β) are used for quick reaction to systematic changes in the time series. By using Holt’s method, a buyer can predict, how much of a share price will be the next day. The research finds that Holt’s method forecasting is better for short time then long time as evidence shows that the fourth day predicted value is closer to the actual value. In addition, the analysis discovers that for prediction the forecast value, the fifteen and seven days’ data of any company are more accurate than 30 days’ data. This study notices that different smoothing constant is the big factor for forecasting and suggests to use smoothing constant α = 0.5, β = 0.1.
Morphotectonic aspects in a part of Naga-Schuppen belt, Assam-Nagaland region, Northeast India
Authors: Zaman Farha , Bezbaruah Devojit
Published: April 2019

The Belt of Schuppen is an important tectonic element of the Assam-Arakan basin. It is a narrow belt of thrust slices in southeastern boundary of the Assam valley. The Naga Schuppen Belt, consisting of eight or more imbricated thrusts, occurs between the Naga and Disang thrusts. This present study encompasses an area of 4,720 sq km along the Assam-Nagaland border. The Dikhow River, which is a seventh order basin, originates from Naga Hills flowing through a total length of 240 km in the Assam valley and reaches the Brahmaputra. In this study, the morphotectonic analysis of the Dikhow River was carried out to understand the role of active tectonics of the Naga Hills in Nazira-Naginimora areas of Assam and Nagaland respectively. The parameters such as asymmetric factor (AF), transverse topographic symmetric factor (T), and stream length gradient index (SL) were computed. Absolute AF values shows asymmetric to highly asymmetrical shape of the basins (range III-IV) which is also supported by T values. Anomalous SL values were obtained wherein major lineament and tectonic features are present. This indicates that the study area is tectonically active. Further, in the Assam valley it has been observed in the bank stratigraphy of Dikhow River that the Quaternary sediments are deformed. This deformation of the soft older alluvium indicates that the area is undergoing deformation during post Pliocene time. This evidence demands the morphotectonic evaluation of the aforesaid area to demarcate the tectonic activeness of the region in post Pliocene times.
Parameter Combination Framework for the Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jinghua , Dong Ze
Published: April 2019

The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is a popular and efficient evolutionary algorithm that can be used for single objective real-parameter optimization. Its performance is greatly affected by its parameters. Generally, parameter control strategies involve determining the most suitable value for the current state; there is only a little research on parameter combination and parameter distribution which is also useful for improving algorithm performance. This paper proposes an idea to use parameter region division and parameter strategy combination to flexibly adjust the parameter distribution. Based on the idea, a group-based two-level parameter combination framework is designed to support various modes of parameter combination, and enrich the parameter distribution characteristics. Under this framework, two customized parameter combination strategies are given for a single-operation DE algorithm and a multi-operation DE algorithm. The experiments verify the effectiveness of the two strategies and it also illustrates the meaning of the framework.
Lightning Protection Systems Suitable for Stables: A Case Study
Authors: Santoro Francesco , Anifantis Alexandros Sotirios , Ruggiero Giuseppe , Zavadskiy Vladislav , Pascuzzi Simone
Published: April 2019

The evolution of climate and of electrical devices are raising users’ awareness about the protection of structures and plants against common overvoltage phenomena and those ones of atmospheric origin. Therefore, a continuous evolution of thunderstorm phenomena, increasingly concentrated and intense, is occurring. Conversely, electric devices are increasingly being equipped with electronics indispensable for their right functioning and are very sensitive to electromagnetic phenomena of an induced and conducted nature. In Italy, the law concerning work health and safety compels employers to assess the risk raised by lightning and to ensure that buildings, systems, structures, and equipment are protected from the effects of lightning in agreement with national and international technical standards. In the agricultural livestock sector, the new guidelines of agricultural policy in Italy requires farms to re-examine their structures, in particular the compatibility with animal protection requirements. In the event of a fault, the electric circuit must be interrupted in times not higher than expected and, in particular in the agricultural and zootechnical structures, it is necessary to maintain the contact voltages to negligible values by carrying out additional equipotential connections among the masses and with foreign masses that can be touched. Furthermore, particular attention is required in limiting the step voltage to which animals are particularly sensitive to, by connecting the electro-welded metal grids, which are commonly located under the concrete floor of animal shelters, to the earth collector. Taking in mind the aforesaid, the aim of this work was to analyze the technical standard concerning the protection from lightning with reference to the agricultural livestock sector and the study of the salient components to set up a suitable lightning protection system for a medium-sized stable.
The Views of the UK Public Towards Routine Neutering of Dogs and Cats
Authors: Wongsaengchan Chanakarn , McKeegan Dorothy E.F.
Published: April 2019

Despite being routinely recommended by veterinarians, neutering of dogs and cats has both positive and negative impacts on animal welfare and is ethically problematic. We examined attitudes of a sample of the UK public towards routine neutering of dogs and cats using a questionnaire. Respondents indicated their level of agreement with statements describing welfare and ethical reasons ‘for’ and ‘against’ the neutering of male and female dogs and cats. We conducted a general linear model (GLM) analysis to investigate the effects of demographic factors on agreement scores. Respondents (n = 451) expressed views both supporting and opposing neutering. The predominant view (>80%) supported neutering, justified primarily by prevention of unwanted offspring and reproductive diseases. Around 10% of the respondents disagreed and felt that neutering should only be done for medical reasons. Men were less likely than women to support neutering (p < 0.001). Those with meat reduction diets were more likely to be against neutering (p < 0.05) and cat owners supported neutering more than non-cat owners (p < 0.05). Although the data reflected a wide range of ethical views, our findings show that the UK public generally supports the routine neutering of dogs and cats. This insight has implications for future policy-making and compliance with veterinary advice.
Rearing Undocked Pigs on Fully Slatted Floors Using Multiple Types and Variations of Enrichment
Authors: Chou Jen-Yun , Drique Constance M. V. , Sandercock Dale A. , D’Eath Rick B. , O’Driscoll Keelin
Published: April 2019

In fully slatted systems, tail biting is difficult to manage when pigs’ tails are not docked because loose enrichment material can obstruct slurry systems. This pilot study sought to determine: a) whether intact-tailed pigs can be reared with a manageable level of tail biting by using multiple slat-compatible enrichment; b) whether a variation of enrichment has an effect; and c) whether pigs show a preference in enrichment use. Ninety-six undocked pigs were given the same enrichment items from one week after birth until weaning. At weaning, four different combinations of 8 enrichment items were utilized based on predefined characteristics. These were randomly assigned to 8 pens (n = 12 pigs/pen). Four pens had the same combination (SAME) from assignment and four pens switched combinations every two weeks (SWITCH). Individual lesion scores, interactions with the enrichment, and harmful behaviours were recorded. The average tail score during the experiment was low (0.93 ± 0.02). Only one pig in a SAME pen had a severely bitten tail (partly amputated). The overall level of interaction with enrichment did not decline over time. Pigs interacted with a rack of loose material most frequently (p < 0.001). The study showed promising results for rearing undocked pigs on fully slatted floors using slat-compatible enrichment.
The Effects of Dietary Insect Meal from Hermetia illucens Prepupae on Autochthonous Gut Microbiota of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Rimoldi Simona , Gini Elisabetta , Iannini Federica , Gasco Laura , Terova Genciana
Published: April 2019

This study evaluated the effects of dietary insect meal from Hermetia illucens larvae on autochthonous gut microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three diets, with increasing levels of insect meal inclusion (10%, 20%, and 30%) and a control diet without insect meal were tested in a 12-week feeding trial. To analyze the resident intestinal microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and QIIME pipeline were used. The number of reads taxonomically classified according to the Greengenes database was 1,514,155. Seventy-four Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 97% identity were identified. The core of adhered intestinal microbiota, i.e., OTUs present in at least 80% of mucosal samples and shared regardless of the diet, was constituted by three OTUs assigned to Propiobacterinae, Shewanella, and Mycoplasma genera, respectively. Fish fed the insect-based diets showed higher bacterial diversity with a reduction in Proteobacteria in comparison to fish fed the fishmeal diet. Insect-meal inclusion in the diet increased the gut abundance of Mycoplasma, which was attributed the ability to produce lactic and acetic acid as final products of its fermentation. We believe that the observed variations on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota composition of trout are principally due to the prebiotic properties of fermentable chitin.
Nutrients for Prevention of Macular Degeneration and Eye-Related Diseases
Authors: Khoo Hock Eng , Ng Hui Suan , Yap Wai-Sum , Goh Henri Ji Hang , Yim Hip Seng
Published: April 2019

The risk of macular degeneration can be reduced through the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, supplements, and nutraceutical formulas. This review focuses on the antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have been reported for reducing the risk of macular degeneration and other eye-related diseases. Antioxidants including anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamins have been shown to reduce the risk of eye-related diseases. Anthocyanins extracted from berries are powerful antioxidants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin are anthocyanin aglycones detected in berries, currants, and other colored fruits and vegetables. β-Carotene, as well as xanthophyll lutein and zeaxanthin, have been reported to reduce the risk of macular degeneration. Flavonoids from plants help in the prevention of eye-related diseases through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. A combination of these antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals possess a synergistic effect on the prevention or risk reduction of macular degeneration. Formulas have been developed as dietary supplements to cater to the high demand from consumers and patients with eye problems. Many of the formulated dietary supplements that are sold in the market have been clinically proven for their efficacy to treat eye diseases. Although the bioactivities in the supplement capsules or tablets have been scientifically established for reducing risks of several diseases, which include macular degeneration and other eye-related diseases, knowledge on the right dosage, efficacy, and bioavailability of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals is important for consumers. The information may help them make the best decision in choosing the right dietary supplements and nutraceuticals following the evidence-based recommended dosages and reference intakes for improving general health and preventing eye-related diseases. This review covers the potential causal factors involved in eye diseases, clinically proven treatments, and controversial findings on the antioxidants in the prevention of macular degeneration. Future studies should consider multiethnic and multicenter trials for eliminating potential bias in research.
Subway Station Capacity Maintained by Optimizing a Maintenance Schedule of Key Equipment
Authors: Li Sai , Wei Xiukun , Zhang Zhe , Jia Limin , Yu Junyan
Published: April 2019

The service capacity of each station has a direct impact on the capacity of a subway line and also the whole subway network. Therefore, it is critically important to keep the station capacity above a certain level in its full life cycle. This paper aims at keeping subway station capacity in a certain level range. In consideration of key equipment failure, the expected station capacity model is established. After that the lower bound of equipment reliability is determined by sensitivity analysis based on the equipment reliability-expected station capacity curve. Finally, the maintenance schedule optimization model is also proposed. The validity and practicability of the proposed method are demonstrated by a simulation case study.
Influence of Climate Conditions on Deficiencies of Building Roofs
Authors: Carretero-Ayuso Manuel J. , Moreno-Cansado Alberto , García-Sanz-Calcedo Justo
Published: April 2019

Climate conditions affect buildings’ performance and durability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of climate conditions on roof deficiencies. 763 cases of such deficiencies were analyzed in this regard. Once the construction deficiencies were quantified, they were characterized from a climatological point of view and their ‘climate location segments’ were studied to obtain ‘ranges of concentration of anomalies’ according to the obtained percentage. A direct relation is shown to exist between the location of the building (latitude, situation, type of climate, precipitation, thermal demands, and average wind speed) and a greater or smaller concentration of deficiencies found in both flat and pitched buildings. It was also found that an annual average wind speed greater than 3 m/s increases the appearance of deficiencies in roofs. A higher prevalence of deficiencies was also found in those geographical zones with a thermal demand of 1800–2800 heating degree days or 450–700 cooling degree days. It was found that a higher percentage of construction deficiencies are concentrated in buildings located in the northern coastal climate segments of Spain. With these results, technicians will be able to take more appropriate precautions during both the building process and the use and maintenance phase.