bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Task Allocation in Case-Based Recommender Systems
Authors: Lorenzi Fabiana , dos Santos Daniela Scherer , Oliveira Denise de , Bazzan Ana L.C.
Published: May 2011

Case-based recommender systems can learn about user preferences over time and automatically suggest products that fit these preferences. In this chapter, we present such a system, called CASIS. In CASIS, we combined the use of swarm intelligence in the task allocation among cooperative agents applied to a case-based recommender system to help the user to plan a trip.
The Meaningful Body
Authors: Haselager Willem , Gonzalez Maria
Published: May 2011

The question as to how sign processes can be meaningful to artificial agents has been a fundamental one for cognitive science throughout its history, from Turing’s (1950) argument from consciousness, to Searle’s (1980) Chinese room and Harnad’s (1990) symbol grounding problem. Currently, the question is even more pressing in the light of recent developments in AI robotics, specifically in the area of reactive and evolutionary approaches. One would perhaps expect that given the embodied and embedded nature of these systems, meaningful sign processes would emerge from the interactions between these robots and their environment. So far, however, robots seem to lack any sensitivity to the significance of signs. In this chapter we will suggest that the artificiality of the body of current robots precludes the emergence of meaning. In fact, one may question whether the label “embodied” genuinely applies to current robots. It may be more truthful to speak of robots being “physicalized,” given that the types of matter used in creating robots bears more similarity to machines like cars or airplanes than to organisms. Thus, we are driven to an investigation of how body and meaning relate. We suggest that meaning is closely related to the strengths and weaknesses of organic bodies of cognitive systems in relation to their struggle for survival. Specifically, as long as four essential characteristics of organic bodies (autopoiesis, metabolism, centrifugal development and self-organization) are lacking in artificial systems, there will be little possibility of the emergence of meaningful sign processes.
Relevance of Computing Programmes to Industry Needs in Jordan's Higher Education Institutes
Authors: Abu-Samaha Ala M.
Published: May 2011

This chapter aims to articulate the concerns and issues surrounding the relevance of computing programmes of higher education institutes in Jordan to market/employer needs. The information technology (IT) industry in Jordan has directed many criticisms to Jordanian institutes of higher education regarding the structure and content of programmes offered by IT faculties and departments, despite relentless effort to fulfilling shortages in the local and regional markets for adequate IT graduates. The chapter presents the findings of a local survey to assess the relevance of computing programmes to market/employer needs in Jordan. The survey identifies many of the skill gaps that exist and in acute need to be covered by a new breed of computing curricula in Jordanian institutes of higher education. Also, the survey emphasises the three most relevant areas of knowledge in computing programmes to industries’ needs: (1) systems/software development/engineering and management; (2) electronic business development and management; and (3) system/software development tools and languages.
Industry-University Collaborations in Research for Information Systems
Authors: O’Kane Tom
Published: May 2011

Research collaborations between industry and the academic community are now commonplace and continuing to flourish. While both entities are involved in problem solving, their motivations and objectives appear to be quite different; industrial research being primarily driven by business needs to improve cost, quality, and so forth, academic research ostensibly driven by the desire to push the boundaries of knowledge but in reality driven by the need to “publish or perish.” Recognizing the differences, and indeed the complementary aspects of these respective motivations and objectives, has been repeatedly cited in the literature as a critical success factor for such collaborations. While much has been written especially from the academic perspective on various aspects of research collaborations, there is relatively little from the industrial perspective, especially with regard to a management model, that could be used to guide such research project collaborations. This chapter is written from an industry perspective and it explores such a model specifically for managing information systems (IS) research projects. Nowadays, and increasingly so, the business of software production will follow a defined software process to provide good management of projects and to guide both the management and engineering aspects of development. This chapter suggests an extension of these principles to produce a process management framework that software companies can use for research project collaborations with universities.
Ethics for the Graduating Class
Authors: Vitolo Theresa M.
Published: May 2011

Teaching ethics is not about teaching right versus wrong, but is about teaching informed discernment, conscientious decision making, and balanced living. So should teaching these behaviors be the domain of higher education? For many years and in many institutions—even today—the teaching of ethics has not been embraced as part of the charge of higher education. However, as society has had to assimilate technology and as it has had to face the repercussions of unethical and illegal behaviors, one questions the ethical training of the professionals making the decisions. Since these professionals are the products of higher education, many institutions and accreditation boards are requiring their students to have exposure to ethical philosophy. Students in the technical fields may not benefit from a purely philosophical presentation of ethics. In fact, introducing the ethical dilemmas associated with real-life decisions about technology can be very formative and revealing to the student. While institutions have always been teaching students how to debug technology problems, institutions also need to teach students how to debug ethical decisions—to become aware that ethical decisions are also technology problems to be analyzed, understood, and appropriately resolved. Challenges to the goal of presenting ethical decisions as technical dilemmas arise from a variety of factors, however. The students and professors may be from different generations, from different cultural backgrounds, and from different professional experiences— and simply are of different points in personal development. Teaching ethics needs to identify these differences and develop the common ground for a shared, ethical perspective enabling a healthy stance for the profession. The arena facing the teaching of ethics in the technical professions and approaches to utilize are identified and described. The on-going challenges limiting the effort are explained. Altogether, a composite of the ethical dimension of graduating college students in the information systems and information technology (IS&T) fields is developed.
Teaching Business Intelligence in Higher Education
Authors: Hawking Paul
Published: May 2011

In the 1990s there was considerable growth in implementations of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Companies expected these systems to support many of the day-to-day business transactions. The growth in ERP implementations had a resultant impact on the demand for ERP skills. Many universities recognised this demand and the potential of using ERP systems software as a teaching tool and endeavoured to incorporate ERP systems into their curriculum. ERP systems have now evolved to incorporate more strategic components such as business intelligence (BI) solutions. Universities and ERP vendors are investigating ways in which curriculum can be developed to support these new solutions. This chapter discusses a blended approach adopted by a university in the development and implementation of BI curriculum.
Uncovering Hidden Associations Through Negative Itemsets Correlations
Authors: Kouris Ioannis N. , Makris Christos H. , Tsakalidis Athanasios K.
Published: May 2011

Most algorithms and approaches dealing with data mining in general and especially those focusing on the task of association rule mining have assumed all items to be only positively correlated, and looked only into the items that remained finally in a shopping basket. Very few works have proposed the existence of negative correlations between items, based though on the absence of items from transactions rather than on their actual removals. In this specific chapter we look into mining that takes into consideration valuable information from rejected items and propose various alternatives for taking the specific items into account efficiently. Finally we provide experimental evidence on the existence and significance of these items.
A Disk-Based Algorithm for Fast Outlier Detection in Large Datasets
Authors: Zhao Faxin , Bao Yubin , Sun Huanliang , Yu Ge
Published: May 2011

In data mining fields, outlier detection is an important research issue. The number of cells in the cell-based disk algorithm increases exponentially. The performance of this algorithm will decrease dramatically with the increasing of the number of cells and data points. Through further analysis, we find that there are many empty cells that are useless to outlier detection. So this chapter proposes a novel index structure, called CD-Tree, in which only non-empty cells are stored, and a cluster technique is adopted to store the data objects in the same cell into linked disk pages. Some experiments are made to test the performance of the proposed algorithms. The experimental results show that the performance of the CD-Tree structure and of the cluster technique based disk algorithm outperforms that of the cell-based disk algorithm, and the dimensionality processed by the proposed algorithm is higher than that of the old one.
An XML-Based Database for Knowledge Discovery
Authors: Meo Rosa , Psaila Giuseppe
Published: May 2011

Inductive databases have been proposed as general purpose databases to support the KDD process. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of the discovered patterns and of the different conceptual tools used to extract them from source data make the integration in a unique framework difficult. In this chapter, we explore the feasibility of using XML as the unifying framework for inductive databases, and propose a new model, XML for data mining (XDM). We show the basic features of the model, based on the concepts of data item (source data and patterns) and statement (used to manage data and derive patterns). We make use of XML namespaces (to allow the effective coexistence and extensibility of data mining operators) and of XMLschema, by means of which we can define the schema, the state and the integrity constraints of an inductive database.
Interaction of Adoption Factors
Authors: MacGregor Robert , Vrazalic Lejla
Published: May 2011

The key aim of the study presented in this book is to determine how SMEs located in regional areas are going about e-commerce adoption. The study was undertaken over a period of three years in three highly developed nations all belonging to the OECD and with comparable per capita GDPs and levels of Internet penetration. These included Sweden, Australia, and the USA. In each country, one regional area was surveyed—Varmland (Sweden), Illawarra (Australia), and Salt Lake City (USA).
Current Barriers and Future Drivers
Authors: MacGregor Robert , Vrazalic Lejla
Published: May 2011

The key aim of the study presented in this book is to determine how SMEs located in regional areas are going about e-commerce adoption. The study was undertaken over a period of three years in three highly developed nations all belonging to the OECD and with comparable per capita GDPs and levels of Internet penetration. These included Sweden, Australia, and the USA. In each country, one regional area was surveyed—Varmland (Sweden), Illawarra (Australia), and Salt Lake City (USA).
DSP Techniques for Sound Enhancement of Old Recordings
Authors: Esquef Paulo A.A. , Biscainho Luiz W.P.
Published: May 2011

This chapter addresses digital signal processing techniques for sound restoration and enhancement. The most common sound degradations found in audio recordings, such as thumps, pops, clicks, and hiss are characterized. Moreover, the most popular solutions for sound restoration are described, with emphasis on their practical applicability. Finally, critical views on the performance of currently available restoration algorithms are provided, along with discussions on new tendencies observed in the field.
Adaptive Filters
Authors: Netto Sergio L. , Biscainho Luiz W.P.
Published: May 2011

This chapter focuses on the main aspects of adaptive signal processing. The basic concepts are introduced in a simple framework, and its main applications (namely system identification, channel equalization, signal prediction, and noise cancellation) are briefly presented. Several adaptive algorithms are presented, and their convergence behaviors are analyzed. The algorithms considered in this chapter include the popular least-mean square (LMS), its normalized-LMS version, the affine-projection with the set-membership variation, the recursive least-squares (RLS), the transform-domain, the sub-band domain, and some IIR-filter algorithms such as the equation-error (EE) and the output-error (OE) algorithms. The main purpose of all this presentation is to give general guidelines for the reader to choose the most adequate technique for the audio application at hand.
Speech Technologies for Language Therapy
Authors: Kirschning Ingrid , Cole Ronald
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents the development and use of speech technologies in language therapy for children with hearing disabilities. It describes the challenges that must be addressed to design and construct a system to support effective interactions. The chapter begins with an introduction to speech and language therapy and discusses how speech-based systems can provide useful tools for speech and language therapy and to overcome the lack of sufficient human resources to help all children who require it. Then it describes the construction of adequate speech recognition systems for children, using artificial neural networks and hidden Markov models. Next, a case study is presented with the system we have been developing for speech and language therapy for children in a special education school. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the obtained results and the lessons learned from our experiences that will hopefully inform and encourage other researchers, developers, and educators to develop learning tools for individuals with disabilities.
Introduction to Web Cost Estimation
Authors: Mendes Emilia
Published: May 2011

Software effort models and effort estimates help project managers allocate resources, control costs, and schedule and improve current practices, which in theory should allow projects to be finished on time and within budget. In the context of Web development and maintenance, these issues are also crucial and very challenging given that Web projects have short schedules and a highly fluidic scope. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to introduce the concepts related to Web effort estimation and effort estimation techniques. These concepts will be used in further chapters.
Privacy- Enhanced Identity Management for E-Services
Authors: Ardagna Claudio Agostino , Cremonini Marco , Damiani Ernesto , De Capitani di Vimercati Sabrina , Frati Fulvio , Samarati Pierangela
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces the concept of privacy-enhanced identity management for e-services supporting the users needs to protect their privacy and sensitive information. Business activities are increasingly based on the use of remote resources and e-services as well as on the interaction between different, remotely-located, parties. In this context, the electronic execution of private and/or sensitive transactions must fully preserve information privacy by managing in a trustworthy and responsible way all identity and profile information that is released to remote parties. In this chapter, we investigate the main problems concerning identity management for e-services and outline the features that the next-generation of identity management systems should provide for. State-of-the-art technology in the field of privacy-enhanced identity management systems is also compared with traditional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) solutions. The analysis of the benefits of these modern identity management systems is presented and discussed with references also to the results of some experiences in the area of e-government, whose objective is the development of public administration privacy-aware e-services.
A Protocol for Anonymous and Accurate E-Polling
Authors: Bruschi Danilo , Lanzi Andrea , Fovino Igor Naiq
Published: May 2011

E-polling systems are a fundamental component of any E-democracy system as they represent the most appropriate tool for fostering citizens participation to public debates. Contrarily to e-voting protocols, they are characterized by less stringent security requirements and they can also tolerate errors affecting a small percentage of votes, without compromising of the final result. Thus, their realization can be effectively pursued supporting the diffusion of e-democracy. In this paper we propose a simple protocol for an accurate and anonymous e-polling system. Such a protocol satisfies, among the others, the following properties: a vote cannot be altered, duplicated, or removed without being detected, votes remain anonymous. Moreover voters will be able to measure the level of trust of the process by verifying that their own votes have been correctly counted.
Towards Building E-Government on the Grid
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Yu , Li Minglu
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces the goal of ShanghaiGrid and its sub-project E-government on the grid. It first presents the main achievements of the E-government in Shanghai, points out that one of problems of the E-government is how to integrate each government agency’s resources to form cross-agency services for citizens, and argues why grid technique is an ideal way to solve that problem: grid can enable municipal government to integrate its information resources dispersed in different organizations in secure way with open standards and strengthen collaboration and information sharing. Then it gives a conceptual framework of E-government on the grid. Based on the GT3 core services, some core middlewares are developed to support the E-government infrastructure, i.e. workflow, transaction. OGSA-DAI is used to integrate data from different government agencies. The real-name citizen mailbox along with the MyProxy is the basic authentication method used in E-government.
Application of Bayesian Network in Learning Gene Network
Authors: Liu Tie-Fei , Sung Wing-Kin , Mittal Ankush
Published: May 2011

Exact determination of a gene network is required to discover the higher-order structures of an organism and to interpret its behavior. Currently, learning gene network is one of the central themes of the post genome era. A lot of mathematical models are applied to learn gene networks. Among them, Bayesian network has shown its advantages over other methods because of its abilities to handle stochastic events, control noise, and handle dataset with a few replicates. In this chapter, we will introduce how Bayesian network has been applied to learn gene networks and how we integrated the important biological factors into the framework of Bayesian network to improve the learning performance.
Arguing Satisfaction of Security Requirements
Authors: Haley C. B. , Laney R. , Moffett J. D. , Nuseibeh B.
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents a process for security requirements elicitation and analysis, based around the construction of a satisfaction argument for the security of a system. The process starts with the enumeration of security goals based on assets in the system, then uses these goals to derive security requirements in the form of constraints. Next, a satisfaction argument for the system is constructed, using a problem-centered representation, a formal proof to analyze properties that can be demonstrated, and structured informal argumentation of the assumptions exposed during construction of the argument. Constructing the satisfaction argument can expose missing and inconsistent assumptions about system context and behavior that effect security, and a completed argument provides assurances that a system can respect its security requirements.
Identifying Security Requirements Using the Security Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Method
Authors: Mead N. R.
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we describe general issues in developing security requirements, meth-ods that have been useful, and a method (SQUARE) that can be used for eliciting, analyzing, and documenting security requirements for software systems. SQUARE, which was developed by the CERT Program at Carnegie Mellon University’s Soft-ware Engineering Institute, provides a systematic approach to security requirements engineering. SQUARE has been used on a number of client projects by Carnegie Mellon student teams, prototype tools have been developed, and research is ongoing to improve this promising method.
Interactive Multimedia MUSICNETWORK
Authors: Ng Kia , Nesi Paolo
Published: May 2011

The MUSICNETWORK project was co-supported by the European Commission to bring music industry and related research areas into the interactive multimedia era. It represented a virtual Centre of Excellence during the period of the project and today an international association where music content providers, cultural institutions, industry, and research institutions work together, drawing on their collective assets and mutual interests, to exploit the potential of multimedia music contents with new technologies, tools, products, formats and models. Due to large gaps between needs and real products and solutions, many products in the market fail to exploit the potential of new multimedia technologies effectively. MUSICNETWORK helps research solutions to reach the market by seeking agreements between different actors and formats, by bringing together research institutions, industries, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), and experts to build the required momentum to study and define multimedia music modelling and coding for the new age. MUSICNETWORK activities, actions and services are provided through the project website which can be found online at http://www.interactivemusicnetwork.org.
Perspectives from IOIS, EDI, and Channel Management
Authors: Pani Ashis K.
Published: May 2011

Over the last couple of years, e-procurement has received tremendous attention from researchers and practitioners alike. However, research on e-procurement is still scarce and scattered. This chapter looks into prior research on inter-organizational information systems (IOIS), electronic data interchange (EDI), channel management, and procurement to develop a research framework and identify research issues in e-procurement. It is argued that supply market characteristics and product characteristics can explain the emergence of various e-procurement systems. Further, these e-procurement systems have different impacts on inter-organizational relationships and value generated from e-procurement. However, these impacts are moderated by adoption and implementation risks. Though this model provides us with a holistic view to e-procurement, it is not yet empirically validated, owing to low e-procurement penetration.
Complementary Features of Reverse Auction Web Sites
Authors: Shrivastava Aayush , Gupta Gautam , Mohapatra Pratap K.J.
Published: May 2011

The objective of this chapter is to study the features of reverse auction sites. Twenty-five features of 38 reverse auction sites have been studied. The features are divided into core and complementary features. These sites are broadly divided into B2B/B2G and B2C/C2C groups. We show the differences that exist in the site design of these two groups insofar as the inclusion of these features are concerned. We derive weights, signifying the importance which the site designs have assigned to various complementary features. These weights are used in two ways: to provide benchmarks to evaluate the design of the Web sites, and to find out the site evaluation index of any Web site for comparison with the benchmark. Using their complementary features, we derive weights for the features and develop site evaluation indexes for them.
Mobile Payment Issues and Policy Implications
Authors: Kwon Y.
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces three mobile payment plans that have been launched in Korea: mobile banking service, mobile prepaid electronic cash service and mobile phone bill service. Based on the recent experiences of the Korean economy, this chapter discusses the regulatory and monetary policy issues associated with mobile payments. Mobile payments are superior to existing means of payments because of their efficiency and convenience and mobile network operators (MNOs) are on the verge of turning into non-bank financial institutions in their nature. The government needs to facilitate the crossbreed between banks and MNOs to accelerate the development of efficient payment instruments rather than hindering innovation in banking industry.
Pattern Discovery in Biosequences
Authors: Rombo Simona Este , Palopoli Luigi
Published: May 2011

In the last years, the information stored in biological data-sets grew up exponentially, and new methods and tools have been proposed to interpret and retrieve useful information from such data. Most biological data-sets contain biological sequences (e.g., DNA and protein sequences). Thus, it is much significant to have techniques available capable of mining patterns from such sequences to discover interesting information from them. For instance, singling out for common or similar sub-sequences in sets of bio-sequences is sensible as these are usually associated to similar biological functions expressed by the corresponding macromolecules. The aim of this chapter is to explain how pattern discovery can be applied to deal with such important biological problems, describing also a number of relevant techniques proposed in the literature. A simple formalization of the problem is given and specialized for each of the presented approaches. Such a formalization should ease reading and understanding the illustrated material by providing a simple-to-follow roadmap scheme through the diverse methods for pattern extraction we are going to illustrate.
Enabling the Virtual Organization with Agent Technology
Authors: Guimaraes Tor
Published: May 2011

Emerging agent-based systems offer new means of effectively addressing complex decision processes and enabling solutions to business requirements associated with virtual organizations. Intelligent agents can provide more flexible intelligence/expertise and help the smooth integration of a variety of system types (i.e., Internet applications, customer relationship management, supplier network management, enterprise resources management, expert systems). This chapter presents an overview of expert systems as the most widely-used approach for domain knowledge management today as well as agent technology, and shows the latter as a superior systems development vehicle providing flexible intelligence/expertise and the integration of a variety of system types. To illustrate, a system developed first by using an expert system approach and then by an agent-based approach is used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the agent-based approach. Last, the practical implications of a company adoption of agent-based technology for systems development are addressed.
Subtle Interactions
Authors: Phan Raphael C.W. , Goi Bok-Min
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we show how security protocols can be attacked by exploiting the underlying block cipher modes of operation. We first present a comprehensive treatment of the properties and weaknesses of standard modes of operation. We then show why all modes of operation should not be used with public-key ciphers in public-key security protocols. This includes the cipher block chaining (CBC) mode when there is no integrity protection of the initialisation vector (IV). In particular, we show that it is possible in such instances to replace a block at the beginning, middle, or end of a CBC-encrypted message. We further demonstrate that the security of single-block encryptions can be reduced to the security of the electronic codebook (ECB) mode, and show that in the absence of integrity, one could exploit this to aid in known- and chosen- IV attacks. Finally, we present chosen-IV slide attacks on counter (CTR) and output feedback (OFB) modes of operation. Our results show that protocol implementers should carefully select modes of operation, be aware of the pitfalls in each of these modes, and incorporate countermeasures in their protocols to overcome them. It is also important to realize that modes of operation only provide confidentiality, and that when used in the context of security protocols, these modes should be combined with authentication and integrity protection techniques.
A Framework for Electronic Bill Presentment and Off-Line Message Viewing
Authors: Razali Ezmir Mohd , Ahmad Ismail , Radha Krishna Rao G. S. V. , Khit Kenneth Foo Chuan
Published: May 2011

A security framework for secure message delivery and off-line message viewing of electronic bills is presented. This framework is implementable toward smart applications such as electronic bill presentment and payment systems.
An Approach for Intentional Modeling of Web Services Security Risk Assessment
Authors: Misra Subhas C. , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Uma
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we provide a conceptual modeling approach for Web services security risk assessment that is based on the identification and analysis of stakeholder intentions. There are no similar approaches for modeling Web services security risk assessment in the existing pieces of literature. The approach is, thus, novel in this domain. The approach is helpful for performing means-end analysis, thereby, uncovering the structural origin of security risks in WS, and how the root-causes of such risks can be controlled from the early stages of the projects. The approach addresses “why” the process is the way it is by exploring the strategic dependencies between the actors of a security system, and analyzing the motivations, intents, and rationales behind the different entities and activities in constituting the system.
Analyzing Risks to Determine a New Return on Security Investment
Authors: Axelrod Warren
Published: May 2011

This chapter expands upon standard methods of calculating the return on security investment (ROSI) in several ways. First, it accounts for the dynamic nature of threats, vulnerabilities, and defenses as they apply to the finance sector. Second, it takes a more holistic view of security investments using a portfolio method. The protection of information assets can be viewed in two ways. One is the hierarchical view of security measures, such as avoidance, deterrence, and prevention. The other is defense in depth, wherein various security tools and processes, such as firewalls, identity and access management, and intrusion detection and prevention products, are combined for greater overall protection. The reader will gain a deeper understanding of the factors that affect the risks and returns of investments in security measures, tools, and processes and will find that using the portfolio approach leads to more cost-effective security.
Risk Management in Banking
Authors: Bergendahl Göran , Lindblom Ted
Published: May 2011

Banks play an important role in the financial system contributing to efficient and well functioning transfers of capital and risk between those in excess (savers) and those in need (borrowers) of money. Traditionally, financial risks, like interest rate, foreign exchange and credit risks, have been the most important and typical ones for banking operations. However, lately the risk environment of banks has changed considerably. In this study we are stressing the vital importance for the single bank to have a much more sophisticated and well-structured approach to risk management than it had 15 years ago. Our main focus is on how banking objectives such as profitability and growth should govern risk management, and how these objectives are made operational into the management of those assets and liabilities exposed to changes in market prices and in customer repayments of loans.
Unified Identities in Complex Financial Organizations
Authors: Orondo Peter
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we make the case for a unified approach to managing identities in a complex enterprise in the financial services sector. We discuss the framework for evolving unified policies and processes and prescribe optimal organizational governance to implement them. We discuss the relationship with regulatory compliance and other critical information enterprise functions. We also include non-prescriptive, strategic positions that progressive organizations may take to streamline enterprise identity and access management.
The Evolution of Fraud Intelligence
Authors: Porter David
Published: May 2011

This chapter discusses the latest innovations in fraud detection, with a particular focus on insider fraud and organized fraud. It argues that as fraud continues to grow at an alarming rate across the financial services sector, the constant evolution in fraudster behavior means that financial institutions need to keep their technology-based countermeasures constantly updated, particularly given the increasing involvement of serious organized criminals. In addition to upgrading their current operational detection systems, this chapter aims to encourage organizations to improve current levels of data and information assurance in order to ensure the generation of high quality intelligence on the enemy, and to adopt a structured framework for better understanding and describing exactly what we mean by “intelligence.”
Extending UML to Support Business Activity Modeling
Authors: Baekgaard Lars
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents an extension that makes UML better suited for business activity modeling. We extend UML’s activity diagrams with events in order to make UML more oriented towards modeling of business concepts. The resulting event-activity diagrams have several modeling advantages. They can be used to model a business as a set of concurrent activities that are synchronized by means of shared events and shared objects. This means that business activities can be modelled in a way that resembles the distributed and concurrent activities of real-worlds business actors. By staying inside UML we ensure that business analysts and software designers can use the same framework when they collaborate in a systems development project.
Adaptation of the UML to Formalized Software Development Process Assessment and Modeling- Dedicated Metamodel and Case Study
Authors: Dietze Stefan
Published: May 2011

This chapter introduces a conceptual metamodel which enables the assessment and semi-formal modeling of business processes in the domain of software engineering based on the UML metamodel. In addition to the definition of an appropriate process modeling method, a basis for performing empirical case stud-ies and structured process assessments is provided by defining and structuring the relevant process entities (artifacts, roles, tools), and process elements and their in-terdependencies on the metamodel level. Above all, some example models are presented which were developed by applying the introduced metamodel during an initial case study. The described metamodel allows the opportunity to create de-tailed organizational UML-based models which describe the relevant roles, work-flows, artifacts as well as the used tools and their interdependencies. Thus, it can facilitate a founded assessment, evaluation and re-engineering of organizational software development processes.
Tampa, Florida Internet-Based Customer Service Center
Authors: Cantler Steven M.
Published: May 2011

The City of Tampa, Florida developed and implemented an innovative Web-enabled enterprise-wide solution, addressing basic requests for services with centralized citizen access to four major areas: submission of requests, opinions, recommendations, and inquiries; online payments; public records research; and automatic redirection to non-city agency services. The TampaGov Customer Service Center resulted from a need to effectively track and manage the wide variety of service requests and communication exchanges between citizens and the city staff who serve them. Three primary issues were addressed: (1) Citizens are confronted with daily life events and do not know which government agencies to contact; (2) Citizens want access to government services at their convenience (24/7); and (3) Citizens want to know what is happening to their request. To be successful, the project needed to provide a ?exible, comprehensive method of communication and collaboration with citizens. This objective was met.
Information Technology as a Service
Authors: Qiu Robin G.
Published: May 2011

In this information era, both business and living communities are truly IT driven and service oriented. As the globalization of the world economy accelerates with the fast advance of networking and computing technologies, IT plays a more and more critical role in assuring real-time collaborations for delivering needs across the world. Nowadays, world-class enterprises are eagerly embracing service-led business models aimed at creating highly profitable service-oriented businesses. They take advantage of their own years of experience and unique marketing, engineering, and application expertise and shift gears toward creating superior outcomes to best meet their customers’ needs in order to stay competitive. IT has been considered as one of the high-value services areas. In this chapter, the discussion will focus on IT as a service. We present IT development, research, and outsourcing as a knowledge service; on the other hand, we argue that IT as a service helps enterprises align their business operations, workforce, and technologies to maximize their profits by continuously improving their performance. Numerous research and development aspects of service-enterprise engineering from a business perspective will be briefly explored, and then computing methodologies and technologies to enable adaptive enterprise service computing in support of service-enterprise engineering will be simply studied and analyzed. Finally, future development and research avenues in this emerging interdisciplinary field will also be highlighted.
Designing Enterprise Applications Using Model-Driven Service-Oriented Architectures
Authors: van Sinderen Marten , Andrade Almeida João Paulo , Pires Luís Ferreira , Quartel Dick
Published: May 2011

This chapter aims at characterizing the concepts that underlie a model-driven service-oriented approach to the design of enterprise applications. Enterprise applications are subject to continuous change and adaptation since they are meant to support the dynamic arrangement of the business processes of an enterprise. Service-oriented computing (SOC) promises to deliver the methods and technologies to facilitate the development and maintenance of enterprise applications. The model-driven architecture (MDA), fostered by the Object Management Group (OMG), is increasingly gaining support as an approach to manage system and software complexity in distributed-application design. Service-oriented computing and the MDA have some common goals; namely, they both strive to facilitate the development and maintenance of distributed enterprise applications, although they achieve these goals in different ways. This chapter discusses a combination of these approaches and discusses the benefits of this combination.
The Demise of a Business-to-Business Portal
Authors: Tatnall Arthur , Pliaskin Alex
Published: May 2011

This chapter describes the development and ultimate demise of the Bizewest portal in the Western Region of Melbourne, Australia. We argue that no matter how good the portal software, the final success or failure of the portal is primarily related to how well it is adopted and used. We begin by discussing the concept and benefits of Web portals, and especially those that are applicable to SMEs, as the Bizewest portal was primarily aimed at SMEs. We describe how the portal was conceived and developed, and the difficulty that its proponents had in persuading regional SMEs to change their business processes to make best use of online trading with each other. The research was socio-technical in nature, and was based on considering this innovation through the lens of innovation translation, informed by actor- network theory. Although Bizewest has ceased operations, the portal project must be considered a success, as it produced substantial benefits.
Developing a Global Perspective for Knowledge Management
Authors: Schell Martin
Published: May 2011

Localization of a document or other product requires tacit knowledge of the target language and culture. Although it is promoted by many activists, localization is becoming increasingly inadequate as a strategy for disseminating knowledge on the World Wide Web (WWW). The 21st century has already seen dramatic rises in the numbers of Internet users in nearly every country, making it unlikely if not impossible for any translation effort to accommodate all of the 347 languages that claim at least 1 million speakers. The best way to maximize the accessibility of Web content is to make it more explicit, not more tacit. This means developing a global perspective and writing English text clearly so that nonnative speakers can easily understand it. Global English is characterized by simpler sentence structure, less jargon, and no slang, thereby making it a viable global language for countless Web users whose native language is not considered important enough to merit a localization effort.
Role of ICT in Development Process
Authors: Dutta Dilip
Published: May 2011

Empirical studies that focus on impact of ICT for development usually make a distinction between ICT as a production sector and ICT as an enabler of socioeconomic development. Although the developed countries are reaping very high benefits from the ICT, its diffusion in developing countries has been limited. It is often argued that for developing countries benefits from ICTs are more likely to accrue from consumption rather than production. In the context of the selected five South Asian countries, the ICT penetration is relatively very low, although there have been some success stories in software production sector and IT-enabled service sector in the region. Generally speaking, the author argues that the developing countries need to integrate ICT policies more closely into economic strategies, which can be done by strengthening the links between development and technology agencies via the organizational structure of policy-making bodies.
Activity-Based Methodology for Development and Analysis of Integrated DoD Architectures
Authors: Ring S.
Published: May 2011

This chapter describes the activity-based methodology (ABM), an efficient and effective approach to-ward development and analysis of DoD integrated architectures that will enable them to align with and fully support decision-making processes and mission outcomes. ABM consists of a tool-independent disciplined approach to developing fully integrated, unambiguous, and consistent DODAF Operational, System, and Technical views in supporting both “as-is” architectures (where all current elements are known) and “to-be” architectures (where not all future elements are known). ABM enables architects to concentrate on the Art and Science of architectures—that is identifying core architecture elements, their views, how they are related together, and the resulting analysis used for decision-making purposes. ABM delivers significant architecture development productivity and quality gains by generating several DoDAF products and their elements from the core architecture elements. ABM facilitates the transition from integrated “static” architectures to executable “dynamic” process models for time-dependent assessments of complex operations and resource usage. Workflow steps for creating integrated architecture are detailed. Numerous architecture analysis strategies are presented that show the value of integrated architectures to decision makers and mission outcomes.
Managing Enterprise Architecture Change
Authors: O’Neill T. , Denford M. , Leaney J. , Dunsire K.
Published: May 2011

Enterprise architecture (EA) is the recognised place where the engineering practice of systems architecture meets real-world enterprise needs. The enterprise computer-based systems employed by organisations today can be extremely complex. These systems are essential for undertaking business and general operations in the modern environment, and yet the ability of organisations to control their evolution is questionable. The emerging practice of enterprise architecture seeks to control that complexity through the use of a holistic and top-down perspective. However, the methodologies and toolsets already in use are very much bottom-up by nature. An architecture-based approach is herein proposed; one that has at its base a complete and formal architectural description (or model). This allows enterprise architects, strategists, and designers to confidently model, predict, and control the emergent properties of their respective systems from an architectural point of view. The authors conclude that by using an approach founded upon an architectural model to analyse software and enterprise systems, architects can guide the design and evolution of architectures based on quantifiable nonfunctional requirements. Furthermore, hierarchical 3D visualisation provides a meaningful and intuitive means for conceiving and communicating complex architectures.
Promoting Netcentricity through the Use of Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Ghosh S.
Published: May 2011

This chapter describes the DoD (Department of Defense) policy goal toward Net centric transformation as an example of enterprise architecture in practice. An integrated architecture across the enterprise provided by the DoD Global Information Grid (GIG) is a key ingredient toward meeting Net centricity. The chapter provides background information on key concepts and details the steps necessary to meeting the Net-ready key performance parameter (NR-KPP). The DoD architecture framework provides the Supporting System View, Operational View, and Technical Standards View architecture products that each DoD program must create to meet the Net-centric model. The Net-centric transformation is detailed based on the Net-centric data strategy, Net-centric IA strategy, use of service-oriented architecture, and use of a communications transport strategy. The path toward Net centricity is a significant and long-term effort and the chapter focuses on specific areas that affect DoD programs on their path toward Net-centric compliance. The implementation of enterprise services and the use of key technical standards are also discussed as emerging efforts.