bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spanning spatial scales with functional imaging in the human brain; initial experiences at 10.5 Tesla
Authors: Vizioli Luca , Moeller Steen , Dowdle Logan , Grant Andrea , Sadeghi-Tarakameh Alireza , Eryaman Yigitcan , Lagore R Russel L. , Auerbach Edward , Adriany Gregor , Knudsen Lasse , Martino Federico De , Faes Lonike , Yacoub Essa , Uğurbil Kamil
Published: December 2024

One of the most important new frontiers in the effort to improve the spatial resolution and accuracy of imaging of human brain activity is the recent development of greater than 10 Tesla magnetic fields. Here we present initial results for 10.5 Tesla Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) based functional brain imaging (fMRI) of the human brain acquired with previously unavailable or difficult to attain spatial resolutions and functional contrast. We present data obtained with nominal isotropic resolutions ranging from 0.65 to 0.35 mm for partial brain coverage for stimulus evoked responses, and 0.75 mm for whole brain coverage to capture the spontaneous fluctuations that are the source of functional connectivity measures. The increasingly higher nominal resolutions (i.e. smaller voxel volumes and dimensions) employed in image acquisition were shown to correspond to real gains in resolution using image reconstruction methods developed to minimize blurring. Existence of supralinear gains in stimulus-evoked percent signal change and major improvements in statistical significance were evident relative to 7 Tesla, the most advanced commercially available ultrahigh magnetic field platform currently employed in human brain studies. These results were feasible due to gains in intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio, BOLD contrast, and image acceleration provided by the uniquely high magnetic field of 10.5 Tesla, and the use of novel high channel count arrays to capture these gains. The results provide a preview of the potential that will be available in the new era of greater than 10 Tesla human functional imaging, particularly for mesoscale functional organizations and connectivity.
Incorporating histone H2B variants into chromatin modifies chromatin accessibility to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer
Authors: Dhahri Hejer , Lau Kin H. , Saintilnord Wesley N. , Lopes Elisson , Damico Hannah N. , Palma Flavio R. , Melters Daniël P. , Chandler Darrell P. , Dalal Yamini , Licht Jonathan D. , Bonini Marcello G. , Fondufe-Mittendorf Yvonne
Published: December 2024

Histones scaffold genomic DNA and regulate access to the transcriptional machinery. However, naturally occurring histone variants can alter histone-DNA interactions, DNA and histone modifications, and the chromatin interactome. Hence, alterations in histone variant deposition can disrupt chromatin, and are increasingly recognized as a way to trigger various disease, including cancer. While significant attention has been placed on the biochemical and functional roles of H2A, H3, and H4 histone variants, the variants of H2B remain largely understudied. Here, we show that H2B variants are dysregulated in breast cancer and that certain variants are associated with specific breast cancer subtypes.HIST1H2BOoverexpression (in particular) is more common in Asian, African American/Black, and young female populations and is associated with a worse prognosis.In vitrostudies show that H2B1O compacts nucleosome structure. Incorporating H2B1O into chromatin activates pro-inflammatory and oncogenic pathways, induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and generates resistance to first-line chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, H2B1O acts much like an onco-histone, with H2B variant expression being a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer and a potential new target for drug therapies to enhance treatment efficacy.

Graphical Abstract
Phosphotyrosine Signal Profiling of Clinical CAR-T Reveals Tonic Signaling Associated with Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Yao Bin , Ye Xueting , Kong Qian , Chen Wendong , Li Wentao , Feng Chun , He An , Li Guoqiang , Chen Lan , Chen Xiong , Hu Lina , Xie Lifen , Qiu Xiao , Wang Xi , Lin Yuhong , Cao Yixuan , Zhou Jihao , Zhang Xinyou , Wang Haopeng , Tian Ruijun
Published: December 2024

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) therapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancers such as relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. However, the precise therapeutic mechanism of CAR-T action remain to be elucidated. In this study, we systematically analyzed CAR signaling via phosphotyrosine (pTyr) proteomics in CAR-T cells from both clinical patients and healthy donors. We found that CAR-T products from clinical patients displayed heightened tyrosine phosphorylation, particularly in the JAK-STAT, MAPK and TCR signaling cascades. We also identified the significantly regulated pTyr sites in primary CAR-T cells under tonic signaling or upon stimulation by antigen-presenting CD19-K562 cells. Although both CD28ζ and 4-1BBζ CAR-T cells exhibited comparable pTyr changes, CD28ζ CAR-T cells displayed a more pronounced activation in the TCR signaling pathway. Additionally, comparative analysis between clinical and primary CAR-T cells suggested that CAR-T products were subject to heightened tonic signaling, which may be related to therapeutic relapse. Our findings reveal the state of clinical CAR-T products and refine the CAR-T signal transduction network, providing comprehensive insights and informed guidance for CAR-T therapies.
VSIG4-Expressing Macrophages Contribute To Anti-Parasitic And Anti-Metastatic Responses In The Peritoneal Cavity
Authors: Lebegge Els , Kancheva Daliya , Van Craenenbroeck Jolien , Ernst Sam , Bardet Pauline M.R. , Caro Aarushi A. , Kiss Maté , Jumapili Neema Ahishakiye , Mora Barthelmess Romina , Zivalj Maida , Assaf Naela , Elkrim Yvon , Demuytere Jesse , De Jonge Jan , Raes Geert , Hadadi Eva , Devoogdt Nick , Vincke Cécile , Vereecke Lars , Ceelen Wim , Stijlemans Benoit , Laoui Damya , Arnouk Sana M. , Van Ginderachter Jo A.
Published: December 2024

Peritoneal tissue-resident macrophages, also referred to as large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs), play an important role as gatekeepers of peritoneal homeostasis by providing a first line of defense against pathogenic threats. About a third of the LPMs express the surface receptor V-set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 4 (VSIG4), but it is unclear to what extent these cells differ from their VSIG4-negative counterparts and perform dedicated functions. Here, we demonstrate that VSIG4+LPMs, in contrast to VSIG4-LPMs, are in majority derived from embryonal precursors and their occurrence is to a large extent independent from sex and microbiota. Although their transcriptome and surface proteome are indistinguishable from VSIG4-LPMs at steady-state, VSIG4+LPMs are superior in phagocytosing Gram-positive bacteria and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. In-house generated anti-VSIG4 nanobody constructs that are antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)-enabled allowed a selective elimination of the VSIG4+LPM subset without affecting the overall LPM content of the peritoneal cavity. This strategy uncovered a role for VSIG4+LPMs in lowering the first peak of parasitemia in aTrypanosoma brucei bruceiinfection model and in reducing the outgrowth of CRC cells in the peritoneal cavity, a prime metastatic site in CRC patients. Altogether, our data uncover a protective role for VSIG4+LPMs in infectious and oncological diseases in the peritoneal cavity.
Gene expression is globally regulated by interacting nucleobase supply and mRNA composition demand: a mechanism disrupted by multiple disease states and drug treatments
Authors: Pickard Benjamin S.
Published: December 2024

Conventional expression studies quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript levels gene-by-gene. We recently showed that protein expression is modulated at a global scale by amino acid availability, suggesting that mRNA expression levels might be similarly affected by nucleobase supply. Re-analysis of transcriptomic datasets confirmed that nucleobase supply and mRNA A+U:C+G sequence composition interact to shape a global profile of expression which can be represented by simple numerical outputs.

In mammals, each separate organ and cell-type displays a distinct baseline profile of expression, influenced by differentiation state. Expression profiles shift dynamically across the circadian day and the menstrual cycle. They are also significantly distorted by viral infection, multiple complex genetic disorders (including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and autoimmune disorders), and after treatment with 115 of the 597 chemical entities analysed. These entities included known toxins, but also many commonly prescribed medications such as antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, thus revealing a new mechanism of drug action and side-effect.

A role for nucleobase supply is supported by the actions of nucleobase analogue treatments and by a model of the nucleobase metabolism disorder, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. On the demand-side, mRNAs at compositional extremes are over-represented in key gene ontologies including transcription and cell division, making these processes particularly sensitive to swings in global expression. This permits efficienten blocreprogramming of cell state through simple changes in nucleobase proportion and supply. It is also proposed that this mechanism helped mitigate the loss of essential amino acid synthesis in higher organisms.

In summary, global expression regulation is invisible to conventional transcriptomic analysis, but its measurement allows a useful distinction between active, promoter-mediated gene expression changes and passive, cell state-dependent transcriptional competence. Linking metabolism directly to expression offers an entirely new perspective on evolution, disease aetiopathology (including GxE interactions), and the nature of the pharmacological response.
Structure and dynamics ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiOXA-57, a distinctive low efficiency class D β-lactamase with carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity
Authors: Bragginton Éilís C. , Colenso Charlotte K. , Calvopiña Karina , Hinchliffe Philip , Shaw John M. , Tooke Catherine. L. , Seng Rathanin , Chantratita Narisara , Mulholland Adrian J. , Schofield Christopher J. , Spencer James
Published: December 2024

The Gram-negative bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomalleicauses the severe disease melioidosis. β-Lactams, including carbapenems, are the primary treatment, but are susceptible to chromosomal β-lactamases, including the class D enzyme OXA-57. Here we show recombinant OXA-57 is active towards penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins, slowly hydrolyzes carbapenems including imipenem and meropenem, but is inactive towards oxyimino-cephalosporins (e.g., ceftazidime). Unlike many OXA enzymes, OXA-57 is sensitive to the mechanism-based inhibitor clavulanic acid, but less so to the diazabicyclooctane avibactam and not to the cyclic boronate vaborbactam. Crystal structures of covalent OXA-57:avibactam and OXA-57:meropenem complexes reveal limited hydrogen- bonding interactions with bound ligands. In molecular dynamics simulations, bound meropenem is mobile, while the water necessary for deacylation has only limited active site access. These observations are consistent with the low level of meropenem turnover, supporting proposals that OXA β-lactamases generally possess limited carbapenemase activity, and highlight the potential importance of OXA-57 inB. pseudomalleiβ-lactam resistance.

Graphical Abstract
Using deep generative models for simultaneous representational and predictive modeling of brain and behavior: A graded unsupervised-to-supervised modeling framework
Authors: McVeigh Kieran , Singh Ashutosh , Erdogmus Deniz , Feldman Barrett Lisa , Satpute Ajay B.
Published: December 2024

This paper uses a generative neural network architecture combining unsupervised (generative) and supervised (discriminative) models with a model comparison strategy to evaluate assumptions about the mappings between brain states and behavior. Most modeling in cognitive neuroscience publications assume a one-to-one brain-behavior relationship that is linear, but never test these assumptions or the consequences of violating them. We systematically varied these assumptions using simulations of four ground-truth brain-behavior mappings that involve progressively more complex relationships, ranging from one-to-one linear mappings to many-to-one nonlinear mappings. We then applied our Variational AutoEncoder-Classifier framework to the simulations to show how it accurately captured diverse brain-behavior mappings,provided evidence regarding which assumptions are supported by the data, and illustrated the problems that arise when assumptions are violated. This integrated approach offers a reliable foundation for cognitive neuroscience to effectively model complex neural and behavioral processes, allowing more justified conclusions about the nature of brain-behavior mappings.
Identification of SMARCA1 as a key regulator for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fu Chunqing , Duan Shoufeng , Zhang Chengwen , Cui Xinyu , Wang Fengxian , Wang Lichen , Hu Jinglei , Li Tengjiao , Li Lin
Published: December 2024

Emerging evidence indicates that aberrations in the writing, reading, or erasure of chromatin modification codes are pivotal events in various human cancers. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation of histone modification recognition proteins in a pair of colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480 and SW620. Using chromatin fractionation combined with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), we developed a robust method to identify changes in histone modification recognition proteins during cancer progression. Our analysis revealed 22 proteins that were significantly upregulated and 22 proteins that were significantly downregulated in SW620 cells compared to SW480 cells. Notably, SMARCA1, a member of the ISWI family belonging to ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, was downregulated in SW620 cells compared to SW480 cells. Its high expression was strongly correlated with poor patient prognosis, aligning with the proposed role of SMARCA1 in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Furthermore, reduced SMARCA1 expression altered the levels of metastasis-related matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in these cells. In conclusion, by systematically profiling histone modification recognition proteins in a matched pair of primary and metastatic CRC cell lines, we identified SMARCA1 as a potential driver of CRC metastasis and a promising therapeutic target for CRC patients.
Mechanistic studies of autophagic cargo recruitment and membrane expansion through in vitro reconstitution
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Litschel Thomas , D’Antuono Rocco , Davis Colin , Schreiber Anne , Tooze Sharon A.
Published: December 2024

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic pathway to remove deleterious cytosolic material to maintain cellular homeostasis and cell survival. Upon autophagy induction, a unique double-membraned structure, called a phagophore, forms and expands into a cup shape to engulf these cytosolic substrates. ATG8 proteins are covalently conjugated to autophagic membranes by lipidation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and are thought to localise on both sides of the phagophore membrane. ATG8 conjugated on the inner membrane of the phagophore recruits autophagy cargo receptors, such as p62. To recapitulate events on the inner membrane, we used giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a model membrane and encapsulated proteins of interest inside GUVs, thus generating a membrane platform to which ATG8 proteins could be localised on the inner leaflet of the vesicles. We reconstituted WIPI2b-directed and cargo-directed ATG8 lipidation inside the GUVs and revealed distinct roles of WIPI2b and p62 in initiating the ATG conjugation cascade. Furthermore, we showed that p62 or p62 droplets were recruited to the inner membrane of the GUVs though interaction with membrane-bound ATG8s. Using a bead-based membrane expansion assay, we demonstrated a redistribution and local enrichment of membrane-bound ATG8s across the membrane upon interaction with p62 and p62 droplets. Our study provides novel model systems to investigate the interactions on the inner membrane of the phagophore and reveals fundamental molecular insights into phagophore membrane bending. This process is directed by ATG8-cargo interaction, during which cargo receptors concentrate ATG8 proteins on the inner surface of the phagophore membrane.
Origin of the Kerker phenomena
Authors: Lasa-Alonso Jon , Devescovi Chiara , Maciel-Escudero Carlos , García-Etxarri Aitzol , Molina-Terriza Gabriel
Published: December 2024

We provide an insight into the origin of the phenomena reported 40 years ago by Kerker []. We show that the impedance and refractive index matching conditions, discussed in Secs. II and IV of the seminal paper, are intertwined and both lead to the conservation of a Casimir invariant. We derive our results starting from the theory of representations of the Poincaré group, as it is a theory on which one of the most elemental descriptions of electromagnetic waves is based. We show that fundamental features of electromagnetic waves in continuous material environments can be derived by applying the symmetry-breaking principle. In particular, we identify the Casimir invariants of the P3,1 subgroup as the magnitudes that describe the nature of monochromatic electromagnetic waves propagating in matter. Finally, we show that the emergence of the Kerker phenomena is associated with the conservation of such Casimir invariants in piecewise homogeneous media.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
State-Dependent Mobility Edge in Kinetically Constrained Models
Authors: Badbaria Manthan , Pancotti Nicola , Singh Rajeev , Marino Jamir , Valencia-Tortora Riccardo J.
Published: December 2024

In this work, we show that the kinetically constrained quantum East model lies between a quantum scarred and a many-body localized system featuring an unconventional type of mobility edge in the spectrum. We name this scenario the mobility edge: while the system does not exhibit a sharp separation in energy between thermal and nonthermal eigenstates, the abundance of nonthermal eigenstates results in slow entanglement growth for initial states, such as product states, below a finite energy density. We characterize the state-dependent mobility edge by looking at the complexity of classically simulating dynamics using tensor networks for system sizes well beyond those accessible via exact diagonalization. Focusing on initial product states, we observe a qualitative change in the dynamics of the bond dimension needed as a function of their energy density. Specifically, the bond dimension typically grows in time up to a certain energy density, where we locate the state-dependent mobility edge, enabling simulations for long times. Above this energy density, the bond dimension typically grows , making the simulation practically unfeasible beyond short times, as generally expected in interacting theories. We correlate the polynomial growth of the bond dimension to the presence of many nonthermal eigenstates around that energy density, a subset of which we compute via tensor networks. The outreach of our findings encompasses quantum sampling problems and the efficient simulation of quantum circuits beyond Clifford families.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exploring Esports game addiction among college students in multiplayer online battle arena: a quantitative model centered on self-control and motivation
Authors: Wang Sisi , Chiu Dickson K. W. , Ho Kevin K.W.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

With the widespread popularity of Esports, Esports game addiction has attracted wide attention. This research explores the causes of Esports game addiction among college students in Mainland China and the influence of specific participation motivation and self-control on college students’ Esports game addiction.

Design/methodology/approach

This research applied the organismic integration theory (OIT) instead of the basic psychological needs theory using Honor of Kings, the most popular Esports game in the form of multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) among Chinese college students. A total of 339 completed questionnaires were finally analyzed. SmartPLS 2.0 M3 was used to perform the PLS-SEM analysis on the relationship between self-control, participation motivation and Esports game addiction.

Findings

Only introjected regulation and a motivation positively impacted Esports game addiction, while intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation and external regulation had surprisingly no effect on Esports game addiction.

Originality/value

Scant studies have explored Esports game addiction in MOBA games, especially in Asia. Results showed that parents, schools and society should consciously strengthen the education and exercise of students’ self-control ability to prevent Esports game addiction. Game developers should appropriately adjust game structures and functions to prevent college students from using them as social tools or games to escape reality.
The impact of IFRS 15 on revenue and earnings quality: evidence from China
Authors: Chen Jerry
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study examines the impact of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 15 on revenue and earnings quality in China.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a difference-in-differences design with a treatment group and a control group, both listed in stock exchanges in China from 2015 to 2019. Entropy balancing is employed to mitigate any imbalanced distribution effects caused by the inherent difference within our sample.

Findings

This study reveals an enhancement in the quality of revenue and earnings accruals after implementing IFRS 15 in China. However, adopters tend to engage in more real earnings management, and their revenue and earnings exhibit less persistence. Additional analysis shows that the new revenue standard substitutes for firm-level control factors in shaping the trade-off between accrual-based and real earnings management in jurisdictions with weak legal enforcement.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses on the staggered implementation of IFRS 15 in the Chinese setting; hence, the findings of this study might not be generalised to other countries.

Practical implications

The findings of this study will be of interest to investors, given its focus on the revenue and earnings quality of companies that have adopted IFRS 15. Additionally, it holds implications for standard-setting organisations, particularly regarding post-implementation reviews, to comprehend how managers adjust their earnings management strategies in response to the enactment of IFRS 15.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, our study is one of the few to investigate the impact of mandatory adoption of new IFRS standards within jurisdictions using a difference-in-differences design. In addition, we provide evidence that the new revenue standards substitute for firm-level control factors in shaping the trade-off between accrual-based and real earnings management in jurisdictions with weak legal enforcement, addressing a gap in the literature.
Innovation in cheese preservation: antimicrobial starch-based films produced by casting and thermo-compression techniques
Authors: Berti Sofia , González-Martínez Chelo , Flores Silvia Karina , Jagus Rosa Juana
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This is one of the innovative studies that performs a comparative study of active and biodegradable starch-based films containing natamycin, produced by casting and thermo-compression methods to improve the microbiological stability of Argentinian Port Salut cheese.

Design/methodology/approach

Barrier and diffusion tests were carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the films as antifungal packaging.

Findings

Films exhibited strong barrier action, with cast films proving to be the most effective yeast inhibitors. In the diffusion test, both types of films loaded with natamycin demonstrated a decrease in Zygosaccharomyces bailii counts after 48 h. Casting films significantly reduced Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae counts after 48 h, while thermo-compression films partially inhibited yeasts. Casting films presented the most effective antimicrobial action in protecting cheese against yeast contamination.

Originality/value

This study provides a comparative analysis of the impact of processing methods on the properties of starch-based films incorporating the natural antimicrobial, natamycin. This research studies edible films based on tapioca starch, with or without natamycin, produced by means of casting and thermo-compression techniques, and compares the films antimicrobial properties against Z. bailli, Z. rouxii and S. cerevisiae using model systems and Argentinian Port Salut cheese.
Are all cracks bad? The influences of top management team relationship-related versus task-related demographic faultlines on corporate digital transformation
Authors: Gong Min , Wang Dandan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

With the development of the digital economy, the pressure on firms to transform digitally continues to increase. The top management team (TMT) is the subject of decision-making, and its structure is expected to influence the process and outcome of corporate digital transformation. This study aims to explore the impact of the TMT structure on corporate digital transformation from perspectives on TMT relationship-related and task-related faultlines.

Design/methodology/approach

This study obtained 7,510 observations belonging to 1,971 publicly listed Chinese manufacturing firms between 2011 and 2019. It analyzed the above data with ordinary least squares fixed-effects panel regression models and used instrumental variables to solve potential endogeneity problems.

Findings

Drawing on social categorization theory and information processing theory and the concept of demographic faultlines, we proposed and found that relationship-related (i.e. gender and age) faultlines within a TMT may hinder digital transformation while task-related (i.e. education level, functional background and tenure) faultlines have an inverted U-shaped effect on digital transformation. In addition, we posited and confirmed that market competition weakens the negative effect of relationship-related faultlines but strengthens the inverted U-shaped effect of task-related faultlines.

Originality/value

By exploring the nuanced roles of TMT demographic faultlines in corporate digital transformation, our study enriches research on the antecedents of digital transformation from the TMT structure perspective and deepens the understanding of the decision process for digital transformation. In addition, this study extends existing claims about the contrasting roles of relationship-related and task-related faultlines, thereby enhancing our understanding of TMT demographic faultlines. Further, this study augments our knowledge about market competition by revealing its nuanced roles within TMT dynamics and providing supportive evidence for its positive impact on TMT function within firms. This study also offers managerial guidance for corporate digitization practice and the optimization of the internal structures of the TMTs.
Scientific and technological parks in innovation ecosystems: the proposition of an analytical structure
Authors: Coletto Camila , Caliari Leonardo , Callegaro-de-Menezes Daniela
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to propose an analytical structure for scientific and technological parks (STPs) as innovation ecosystems based on generating knowledge spillovers.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical structure is constructed using a strategic approach, with STPs being viewed as an ecosystem and their interactions with the social context based on knowledge spillovers. In the empirical phase, a case study is developed in a Brazilian STP focused on food and renewable energy, enabling the application of the proposed analytical structure.

Findings

This study proposes that STPs can be central for innovation ecosystems, coordinating activities and resources. Also, STPs generate knowledge spillovers for geographically close and external actors, expanding the impact and benefits of innovation. The integration of these two propositions composes the proposed analytical structure that emphasizes the STP as the protagonist of the discussion on ecosystem management.

Originality/value

This study explores the relationship between STPs, innovation ecosystems and knowledge spillovers to clarify their strategic role in fostering innovation. It integrates multiple theoretical perspectives to propose new, broadly applicable frameworks. Given the limited and recent research on STPs within innovation ecosystems, the study provides a timely opportunity to investigate the management role of STPs at the organizational level.
Beyond laptops and tables: unveiling Singapore’s success in hybrid work through a two-wave gender multigroup analysis of compassionate leadership
Authors: Tan Kim-Lim , Sim Adriel K.S. , Lew Tek Yew , Cham Tat-Huei , Hii Ivy S.H.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In recent years, hybrid work has become a new working model. Using the job demands-resources, the conservation of resources and social role theories, we investigate gender disparities in the impact of social support at work and perceived organisational support on shaping various aspects of the hybrid work experience. We further explore whether compassionate leadership is effective in generating these forms of support.

Design/methodology/approach

Our study is based on data collected from 310 Singaporean white-collar professionals through a two-wave method and analysed using PLS-SEM.

Findings

The results reveal that while compassionate leadership is essential in today's hybrid work environment, men and women perceive differences in the effectiveness of support mechanisms on various dimensions of the hybrid work experience.

Originality/value

This research represents a pioneering effort in elucidating the potential of compassionate leadership in fostering various resources within organisations. Compassionate leadership, characterised by empathy, care and concern for employees, is shown to be instrumental in generating additional forms of resources beyond the conventional metrics. These additional resources may include emotional support, trust and a sense of belonging among employees, which are crucial for their well-being and performance. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on leadership and organisational behaviour by shedding light on the significance of compassion in leadership and the intricate dynamics of hybrid work arrangements. It underscores the importance of fostering a supportive and empathetic leadership style to navigate the challenges of contemporary work structures effectively.
Proactive prevention: embedding safety into South African construction design
Authors: Aghimien Douglas
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Prevention through Design (PtD) has continued to gain traction as a viable method for achieving safety in construction due to its ability to address safety issues right from the project’s design phase. However, despite the existing discourse on the potential of PtD, evidence of its application in the delivery of safe construction projects in South Africa is still limited. Therefore, this study explored PtD as a proactive approach toward ensuring safety on construction sites in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a post-positivist philosophical stance using a quantitative research design and a structured questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Built environment professionals involved in the design and delivery of construction projects were surveyed, and the data analysis was done using frequency, mean score, the Kruskal–Wallis H-Test and confirmatory factor analysis in EQS 6.4.

Findings

The study found a high awareness of PtD practices, albeit a moderate level of implementation. All 14 PtD practices assessed were considered significant to achieving safety within the South African construction industry. However, their implementation is challenged by the poor safety culture, budget constraints to implement safety practices, lack of PtD education and training, absence of supporting policies and standards and deficiency in designers’ skills and understanding of PtD, among others.

Originality/value

By strategically integrating the identified PtD practices in the design phase of construction projects in South Africa, safety risks can be mitigated and a culture of accident prevention can be achieved. The study also provides a foundation for future studies in South Africa seeking to explore proactive prevention of accidents in construction projects through PtD – an aspect that has gained less attention in the South African construction safety discourse.
Unearthing the lineage of workplace spirituality in positive psychology
Authors: Yousaf Ummara , Dogar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Within the context of positive psychology, workplace spirituality is explained in this review. The purpose of this study is to analyze both workplace spirituality and positive psychology literature that can further help in developing positive organizational and human qualities. This study looks at the theories of workplace spirituality and positive psychology and analyzes how they relate to one another. Value theory, flow theory and institutional theory shed light on this review.

Design/methodology/approach

In this extensive systematic assessment of the literature covering the years 2000–2023, the authors carefully reviewed 83 papers about positive psychology and workplace spirituality. The primary goal was to identify the different facets and aspects of positive psychology and workplace spirituality, as well as to know about these concepts, their similarities and differences in an organizational setting.

Findings

A thorough examination of their important aspects at the individual, group and organizational levels is provided, emphasizing the remarkable parallels between workplace spirituality and positive psychology. Notably, the two fields share a common emphasis on the strategic application of preventative measures to alleviate probable organizational confusion. The study also provides directions for further studies.

Research limitations/implications

This study examines the connections between workplace spirituality and positive psychology through a systematic literature review, with an emphasis on research questions.

Practical implications

Organizations stand to lose a great deal from the workplace integration of spirituality and positive psychology. It increases employee well-being, engagement and productivity. It strengthens corporate culture, advances leadership strategies and fosters innovation. These benefits improve the organization’s commitment, output and long-term sustainability and elevate it as a more appealing place to work and develop.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper is original and produced after a thorough study of workplace spirituality and positive psychology literature.
Trends in sexually transmitted infection diagnoses among people in prison in England, 2018-2023: analysis of surveillance and pilot seroprevalence data
Authors: Enayat Qudsia , Yorke Kate , Mullen Dolores , Talebi Alireza , Willner Steve , Dunn Jon , Chan Sum Yee , Heskin Joseph , Sinka Katy , Migchelsen Stephanie J. , Mohammed Hamish , Edge Chantal
Published: December 2024

Purpose

People in prison face a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but there is a paucity of evidence on trends in STIs in prisons in England. This study aims to describe trends in chlamydia test-positivity and syphilis prevalence by using two different methodologies in prison settings.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used routinely collected chlamydia surveillance data reported by all primary diagnostic laboratories in England from 2018 to 2022 to identify tests undertaken in prisons. Separately, this study used data from a pilot syphilis serology pilot study of four prisons in England. A descriptive analysis was undertaken to describe chlamydia test-positivity and syphilis seroprevalence by demographic characteristics.

Findings

Between 2018 and 2022, the number of chlamydia tests carried out in prisons increased by 2.0% (17,177–17,514) whilst the number of positive diagnoses decreased by 12.0% (957–840). The overall test-positivity in 2022 was 4.8% (840/17,514) which was marginally lower than that of the community; test-positivity was highest in 15–19 year-olds. Overall, syphilis prevalence was 3.9% (43/1064). Prevalence was highest in the women’s prison site at 6.4% 27/398). The range in male prison sites was between 0.5% and 3.5%.

Originality/value

Use of two methods enabled us to better understand the burden of STIs in a vulnerable population. Chlamydia test positivity was marginally lower than community levels but still indicated a high burden of infection, in particular for the 15–24 age group. Syphilis prevalence was high across all age groups in prisons, highlighting the need for more systematic assessment of STIs in prisons to allow for earlier identification and treatment of infections.
ESG disclosure and cost of finance: the moderating role of managerial ownership
Authors: Kiran Madiha , Chughtai Sumayya , Rabbani Mustafa Raza , Aysan Ahmet Faruk
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the effect of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure on the cost of finance (debt and equity) and further investigates contextual factors that might influence this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study analyzes data from 300 nonfinancial firms listed on Next – 11 stock exchanges from 2015 to 2021. It uses panel data estimation techniques for robustness checks, including the fixed effect model, moment quantile regression methods and feasible generalized least square estimation.

Findings

The study finds a significant negative relationship between ESG practices and the cost of finance, highlighting a curvilinear moderating effect of managerial ownership. This suggests that ESG disclosure not only enhances firm value and reduces the cost of finance by improving disclosure quality and addressing stakeholder concerns but also alleviates financing constraints.

Originality/value

This study represents one of the initial endeavors to investigate the influence of ESG disclosure on the financial expenses (debt, equity) in N11 nations, to the extent of the authors’ knowledge. The research presents novel evidence on the curvilinear moderating impact of managerial ownership on these connections in emerging economies.
The underappreciated role of logistics in national systems of entrepreneurship
Authors: Friske Wesley , Yun Gawon , Ozpolat Koray
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how national logistics performance facilitates new venture creation and innovation. The authors propose that national logistics performance is a key mediator in a national system of entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample for this study combines secondary data from multiple sources with survey data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor to create an unbalanced panel spanning 84 countries across five points in time. The authors test for the mediating role of national logistics performance using a Monte Carlo method.

Findings

The results of mediation analysis confirm that national logistics performance is an important causal link in a national system of entrepreneurship. High-performing logistics networks at the national level help entrepreneurs launch new ventures and innovate by linking economic conditions and formal regulatory institutions with productive entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

This study identifies logistics as an overlooked but important component of a national system of entrepreneurship. For policymakers, this study identifies critical linkages among economic conditions, regulatory institutions, logistics and entrepreneurship. The study also has practical implications for entrepreneurs.
Understanding the intersection of prenatal alcohol exposure and postnatal adversity: A systematic review from a developmental psychopathology lens
Authors: Rockhold Madeline N. , Handley Elizabeth D. , Petrenko Christie L. M.
Published: December 2024

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disabilities. Individuals with FASD experience postnatal adversity (PA; i.e., child maltreatment or other potentially traumatic events) at exceedingly high rates. This adversity is connected to increased internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature regarding the intersectionality of FASD/prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and postnatal adversity utilizing the developmental psychopathology (DP) framework. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) standards, systematic identification of studies through PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted. Primary data on PAE, postnatal adversity, individual functioning (biological, cognitive, and affective), external systems, and familial and cultural contexts were extracted. Furthermore, quality assessment information was extracted for all studies. Thirty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, individuals with FASD experience a weighted mean of 4.44 adverse childhood experiences. Multifinality in developmental outcomes was evident, as FASD and postnatal exposure impact mental health, cognitive ability, and biological processes. Cultural context and familial settings contribute to risk and resilience factors. The quality assessment points to unique strengths and areas for improvement within the literature. Aligning with the DP framework, the intersection of FASD and postnatal adversity is complex and impacts various developmental processes. Systems and cultural context add to this complexity. Intervention development taking into consideration these multiple factors is necessary.
“What even the cowherds and women know”
Authors: Das Veena
Published: December 2024

In this commentary I interrogate the implicit picture of anthropological knowledge as vulnerable to errors because its primary scene is taken to be an encounter with an alien society. Using a method of autobiographically inflected ethnographic writing, I ask how the philosophical fantasy of “the logical alien,” which Wittgenstein untangles, finds another version in the anthropologist's imagination of anthropology as the scene of encounter with the wholly Other. In such cases the idea of a mistake settles on dramatic moments when the anthropologist avows an error in translation, a misrecognition, or an instance of unknowingly breaking a taboo. By taking a long‐term perspective on the vulnerability of knowledge, which reveals itself over time, I draw attention, instead, to the connections between the knowledge of the alien and our own everyday modes of knowing. We miss these connections if we stay with the stark oppositions of truth and falsity, mistakes and correction.
Long‐Term Observations on the European Photopatch Test Baseline Series (EPTBS) in Real Clinical Practice: 11 Years of Results in a Spanish Cohort and Suggestions for an EPTBS Update
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez Sofia , Brufau‐Cochs Magí , de la Iglesia‐Martín Javier , Amat‐Samaranch Victoria , Aguilera‐Peiró Paula
Published: December 2024

Background

The European Photopatch Testing Baseline Series (EPTBS) was published in 2013. However, limited data exist regarding the real‐world clinical application of the EPTBS.

Objectives

This study aims to describe the photopatch test experience with the EPTBS over 11 years at a tertiary hospital in Spain.

Methods

A retrospective chart review spanning from February 2012 to October 2023 was conducted on patients who underwent photopatch testing (PPT) with the EPTBS. Additionally, patch testing was performed on all patients according to the European recommendations.

Results

Data from 148 patients were collected, and showed a PPT positivity rate of 7.4% (n = 11). Specifically, we found a photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) in 11/148 patients (15 positive reactions to 8 different allergens, including one patient own's product). Of them, 87% had current relevance and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) were the main culprits of PACD (60%). Alternatively, we found a contact allergy to the EPTBS allergens in 14/148 (9.3%) patients, (21 positive reactions both in the irradiated and non‐irradiated set to 17 different allergens, including many patients' products). Of them, UV solar filters represented the main cause of ACD. Regarding the patch testing results, we observed a positivity rate of 39.9% (116 positives in 59 different patients). The most frequent were methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, fragrance mix I and II and Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru).

Conclusion

EPTBS implementation has permitted a more accurate study of PACD. Our positivity rate for PPT is slightly lower than previous reports, however the main culprits for PACD remain to be NSAIDS. The inclusion of contact allergens applied in photoexposed areas in the EPTBS could contribute to discriminating between PACD, photoaggravated ACD and ACD.
The effects of fasting and dehydration on pupillary light reflex as detected by pupillometry
Authors: Adam Mehmet , Gündoğan Ali Osman , Tezcan Ali , Oltulu Refik , Belviranlı Selman , Mirza Enver , Okka Mehmet
Published: December 2024

The pupillary light reflex could serve as a valuable method for measuring dynamic responses in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, it remains unclear whether physiological conditions such as fasting and dehydration affect pupillary reflexes. In this study, we investigated the effects of fasting and dehydration on pupillary responses using pupillometry. Measurements were taken after at least 12 h of Ramadan fasting (RF) and under a normal dietary pattern (NDP). Forty‐nine volunteers, who had no complaints related to the ANS, participated in the study. The initial pupil diameter (IPD), amplitude of contraction, contraction velocity, contraction latency, dilatation duration, and dilation velocity were recorded. The IPD was 5.91 ± 0.65 mm in the RF condition and 5.72 ± 0.65 mm in the NDP condition (p < 0.001). Both contraction amplitude (CA) and dilatation velocity (DV) were higher in the RF condition (p = 0.010 and p = 0.022, respectively). Females exhibited a greater IPD in the NDP condition (p = 0.023). Differences between genders in the RF condition were observed in CA (p = 0.002), dilation duration (p = 0.016) and dilation latency (p = 0.041). These findings indicate that fasting and dehydration influence IPD, CA and DV. Therefore, it is informative to consider fasting and dehydration status when evaluating pupillometry results.
Cytological Features of Sialoblastoma: A Case Report With Summary of Prior Published Cases
Authors: Sk Firdous Wasim , Karmakar Debalina , Sarkar Urvee , Ghosh Dipak , Chatterjee Uttara
Published: December 2024

Background

Sialoblastoma is an uncommon salivary gland neoplasm seen predominantly in the paediatric age group. It poses diagnostic challenges to the pathologists because of its rarity.

Case Report

Here, we present the cytological features of a case of sialoblastoma in 5‐month‐old baby boy on imprint cytology. The smears were fairly cellular and composed of clusters and dispersed population of small round basaloid cells with occasional duct formation.

Conclusion

Sialoblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of paediatric salivary gland tumours. It needs to be differentiated from other small round cell tumours of childhood and tumours composed of basaloid cells. Here, we discuss the cytological differentials of sialoblastoma along with a summary of prior published cases.