bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glanum, oppidum Latinum de Narbonnaise : à propos de cinq dédicaces impériales récemment découvertes
Authors: Roth-Congès Anne
Published: July 2011

In 1989 the excavation of the dromos well in Glanum yielded five dedications on marble : the two first ones were addressed to Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus in 166 ; the three other ones to Septimus Severus, Julia Domna and Caracalla probably in 198. After an attempt at localizing the sites of the monuments on the Forum through the study of remains of pedestals, Severian dedications bearing the signature Glanienses are questionned : up to now, only the signature of Glanici was known. The status of Glanum is then questionned ; it was traditionnally considered as being part of the Roman colony of Aries or the Latin colony of Avignon. Glanum though, belongs as Avignon to the category of the oppida Latina. With the help of different sources, firstly texts (Strabo, Pliny), secondly epigraphy and then archeology these oppida Latina are proposed to be acknowledged as county town of autonomous Latin cities, which sometimes bear the honorary title of colony, and whose magistrates carry on in the town itself the office, which enables them to be considered as Roman citizens. This makes the difference between the oppida adtributa and even more with the ignobilia. These oppida Latina have a variable size and seem independent from the nearby colonies, whether they are Roman or Latin. And last, the issue of what was to become of Glanum is tackled ; this city prosperous at least until the end of the second century was neglected before the end of the third century and linked then to the diocese of Avignon.
Le verre préromain en Gaule méridionale : acquis récents et questions ouvertes
Authors: Feugère Michel
Published: July 2011

A partir des recherches récemment entreprises sur le verre préromain, notamment en Gaule méridionale, cet article propose un état de la question : que sait-on des origines de la technologie du verre dans le Midi, comment se développe la production locale, quel rôle jouent les importations dans le contexte méridional ? Si les parures (perles, puis bracelets) occupent ici une place prépondérante, le littoral reçoit aussi, à partir du vie s. av. notre ère, les premiers vases à parfum fabriqués en Méditerranée orientale et rapidement imités en occident. Quelles que soient les marchandises concernées, le commerce du verre accompagne souvent des apports novateurs, dynamisant non seulement l'artisanat mais aussi les sociétés contemporaines, grâce à l'ouverture qu'ils impliquent sur des mondes étrangers. Un élément fondamental est apparu récemment, sur le littoral corse, avec la découverte d'une épave de verre brut (me s. av. notre ère) qui éclaire d'un jour nouveau les relations commerciales et technologiques établies en Méditerranée au cours du deuxième Age du Fer.
Données et hypothèses sur les chantiers des carrières de l'Estel près du Pont du Gard
Authors: Bessac Jean-Claude
Published: July 2011

Fin 1992, des sondages archéologiques ont été engagés dans des carrières situées à 600 m en aval du Pont du Gard, sur la rive gauche de la rivière du Gardon, au lieu-dit de l'Estel. Ces recherches ont donné des résultats très positifs et permettent maintenant de proposer quelques synthèses bien étayées sur le fonctionnement de cette exploitation. Les fronts et sols de carrière repérés sous 4 à 6 m de terre concernent deux grands chantiers : le premier est romain et sa production était essentiellement destinée à la construction du Pont du Gard, le second est moderne et concerne les restaurations et surtout le pont routier accolé à ce dernier au milieu du xvme siècle. Le transport des blocs antiques semble avoir été assuré par une voie fluviale aménagée latéralement au Gardon. L'ensemble de la conduite de l'exploitation était conditionnée par ce choix qui nécessitait l'inondation des sols de carrière inférieurs au fur et à mesure de la progression du chantier.
Une tombe du Premier Âge du Fer au lieu-dit Saint-Antoine à Castelnau-de-Guers (Hérault)
Authors: Houlès Noël , Janin Thierry
Published: July 2011

Découverte lors de prospections systématiques dans la basse vallée de l'Hérault au Nord d'Agde, la tombe proto- historique à incinération de Saint-Antoine s'est avérée être une sépulture isolée.

La fouille a permis de mettre au jour une structure funéraire composée d'une couverture (tumulus ?) et d'une fosse contenant un riche mobilier d'accompagnement. L'ossuaire constitué d'une amphore étrusque était placé dans un loculus profond. Il contenait les restes d'un jeune adolescent. Le mobilier d'accompagnement se compose de vases en céramique non tournée, d'une coupe en céramique grise monochrome et de vases importés (canthares en bucchero new étrusques, coupe italo-corinthienne). Le mobilier métallique comprend des objets de parure en bronze, un simpulum ainsi qu'un équipement «guerrier» (lance, javelot, couteaux...). Son association avec un individu jeune soulève le problème du statut social de certains adolescents et le caractère isolé de la sépulture pose à nouveau la question de la signification de ce type d'ensemble.

Le mobilier permet de dater la tombe du milieu du VIe s. av. n.è.
Notes sur Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux et le cadastre B d'Orange
Authors: Bel Valérie , Odiot Thierry
Published: July 2011

Les recherches archéologiques menées dans la cité des Tricastins mettent en évidence le rôle du réseau B d'Orange comme cadre régulateur de la mise en valeur des campagnes dans la plaine rhodanienne, mais aussi de l'implantation de l'enceinte urbaine et de l'aménagement de l'aire funéraire péri-urbaine.
Le site gallo-romain du «Perron», à Saint-Sauveur (Isère)
Authors: Klijn Hans de
Published: July 2011

Découvert dans le cadre d'un programme de prospection et de fouilles archéologiques sur le tracé de l'autoroute A49

(Grenoble-Valence), le site a été fouillé durant les mois d' avril-septembre 1989, et a révélé trois cas de construction/occupation, qui se

situent entre le début du 1er et le troisième quart du lle siècle.

Le premier état comporte une structure rectangulaire du type Cottagehouse, dont la division interne n'a pu être définie avec exactitude.

Durant le troisième quart du IIIe siècle un nouvel établissement lui succède, avec un espace central à ciel ouvert, et bordé d'une rangée

de salles. Il évolue, jusqu'au troisième quart du llIe siècle, vers un édifice du type villa à plan ramassé (adjonction de plusieurs autres

salles au détriment de l'espace central). Enfin, un nouvel ensemble est construit dans le troisième quart du llIe siècle, mais son mauvais

état de conservation interdit toute interprétation.

Les structures des trois états se caractérisent par une architecture mixte de terre et de bois, avec mise en œuvre de matériaux pris sur

place.
Consommation des coquillages marins en Provence à l'époque romaine
Authors: Brien-Poitevin Françoise
Published: July 2011

Le goût des coquillages marins est très ancré dans l'alimentation de Provence à l'époque romaine. A la différence de la protohistoire où les moules avaient la préférence des habitants du littoral, il s'agit de deux espèces, huîtres et peignes, à l'exclusion d'autres variétés comestibles pourtant disponibles. Dans l'Antiquité tardive, cette consommation est telle qu'elle met en danger les bancs naturels. Les peignes sont consommés crus et les huîtres cuites ouvertes sur une source de chaleur, ils sont rejetés n'importe où dans l'habitat. Ces coquillages, bien moins chers qu'à Rome et manifestement à la portée de tous, affirment l'importance des étangs littoraux dans l'économie, étangs largement anthropisés et non répulsifs. Le coquillage semble être transporté avec un autre produit qui n'a pas laissé de traces archéologiques, le sel.
Réflexions sur l'évolution du formulaire épigraphique dans les dédicaces locales du culte impérial
Authors: Chastagnol André
Published: July 2011

En Narbonnaise les « invocations aux princes » d'origine municipale ou privée s'adressent à « l'Auguste ou à son corégent » jusqu'au milieu du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. ; au-delà apparaît, plus tard que dans les Trois Gaules, l'association à un dieu gaulois (ou à un dieu romain assimilé à un dieu gaulois). A partir d'Hadrien il s'agit du numen impérial : le nouveau culte est conforté grâce aux anciens dieux et a pour objet la fonction impériale plus que son titulaire. Peu d'indices d'un contrôle hiérarchique (par la cité et le pagus) comme dans les Trois Gaules : ce devait être moins nécessaire dans la Narbonnaise plus précocement romanisée.
L'épigraphie et les débuts du culte impérial dans les colonies de vétérans en Narbonnaise
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: July 2011

Réexamen de trois inscriptions d'Arles, Béziers et Narbonne ; la premiere, restituée de façon nouvelle, n'implique plus un culte de César divinisé en Narbonnaise (dont elle aurait été le seul témoin); la deuxième, funéraire, laisse reconstituer la carrière du défunt et autorise, après rapprochement avec le fameux groupe statuaire, l'hypothèse d'une institution du flaminat de Rome et d'Auguste à Béziers vers 20-10 av. J.-C. ; la troisième concerne en réalité le titulaire de deux flaminats successifs dans la même ville de Narbonne, le premier étant celui de Rome et d'Auguste.
Dépôts cultuels domestiques dans la ferme d'époque romaine du Pla de l'Aïgo (Caramany, Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Fabre Véronique , Forest Vianney , Kotarba Jérôme
Published: July 2011

Les recherches entreprises sur le barrage de l'Agly ont, entre autres, permis la fouille d'une petite exploitation rurale d'époque romaine occupée entre le milieu du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. et le début du IVe siècle. Sous le sol d'une pièce d'habitation, quatre dépôts livrant chacun un vase complet et le squelette plus ou moins complet d'une poule, ont été découverts. Les gestes pratiqués lors des enfouissements ont pu être retrouvés avec une certaine précision. Ils témoignent sans conteste d'une forme d'expression de croyances magiques, s'insérant ainsi dans les diverses pratiques cultuelles d'époque romaine utilisant les oiseaux.
Deux animaux amateurs de raisins
Authors: Marcadé Jean
Published: July 2011

Cet article complète d'abord le commentaire d'une statue du Clos de la Lombarde à Nar bonne publiée dans la RAN 32, 1999, p. 324-327, n° 16, fig. 19, où Ion voit un Bacchus enfant tenant contre sa poitrine un lièvre qui mange une grappe de raisins. Le motif est bien connu à l'époque romaine dans les arts graphiques et sur les sarcophages, mais dans la sculpture en ronde bosse il est plus rare. Or un moule en terre-cuite découvert à Délos invite à faire remonter l'origine du thème à l'époque hellénistique et, pour le ÎLe s. ap. J.-C, la figure d'applique d'un support de table en marbre conservé au Louvre fournit un élément de comparaison intéressant. La seconde partie de l'étude étend l'enquête à la panthère associée à l'iconographie de Dionysos/Bacchus, pour montrer par deux exemples du musée gréco-romain d'Alexandrie que l'animal ne s'abreuve pas seulement de la liqueur du dieu, le vin, mais qu'il mange parfois aussi, directement, une grappe de raisins.
L'habitat rural dans la Provence Antique : villa, vicus et mansio. Etudes de cas
Authors: Leveau Philippe
Published: July 2011

This file originates from a reflection on rural settlements in Provence. These which have not been made the object of a specific paper are regrouped here and presented in their micro-regional space : the "Moyenne Durance" and the valley of Buëch, the depression of Maillanne between the plain of Arles and the Durance, the valley of Argens and the « dépression permienne» in the var department. The study of the sites located on the "Etang de Berre" shores draws attention to the diffusion of villa, maritima on the Provence littoral.
Nouvelles traces du chantier romain du Pont du Gard
Authors: Bessac Jean-Claude
Published: July 2011

En 2002, une forte crue du Gardon a dégagé sur sa rive droite, près du Pont du Gard, diverses traces rupestres inédites qui éclairent d'un jour nouveau certains aspects de son chantier de constructioin. Plusieurs engins ont été ainsi localisés : un engin de halage installé à 200 m en aval pour tirer les radeaux d'une rive à l'autre, un puissant cabestan implanté à 48,6 m de l'aqueduc, un mât de charge à l'aplomb de la façade amont de la cinquième arche, signalé par un large trou cylindrique et des ancrages de haubans sur le sol. Des aménagements d'implantation de cette même arche ainsi que les traces d'appui du cintre de pose de la dernière arche rive droite de la série médiane ont été également étudiés.
L'épigraphie et les dieux du Plateau des Poètes à Béziers (Hérault)
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: July 2011

The examination of all the epigraphic documentation coming from the "Plateau des Poètes" at Béziers allows us to figure the existency of a pantheon mastered by Mars, a Roman interpretation for an indigenous god. The elements of an organised Pantheon may be seen at his sides. Ricoria acts as a consort. The Digenes look like goddesses and the Menmanduti like gods. They are escort divinities around the dominant couple. The dedicating personality does not allow us to discern between colonial and indigenous elements.They are an highly latinised population.
THE PHENOMENON OF MINSK: THE CITY SPACE AND THE CULTURAL NARRATIVE / MINSKO FENOMENAS: MIESTO ERDVĖ IR KULTŪRINIS NARATYVAS
Authors: Titarenko Larissa , Shirokanova Anna
Published: July 2011

The article addresses the issue of cultural identification of Minsk as an Eastern European post-Soviet capital. In order to understand the city's present it is necessary to consider the radical changes it underwent in the 20th century, including almost a total destruction, radical change in ethnic structure, rapid after-war spatial expansion and, lately, the intensive symbolic production as a post-Soviet capital. To identify the characteristic features of Minsk through the sociological lens, cultural theory as well as historical reconstruction and cross-national comparison are employed. The article seeks to reflect the organisation of space and cultural narrative produced in Minsk today, as well as to consider the common strategies of thinking about Minsk. The changing statuses of Minsk and its symbolic role in the last century necessitate a profound reconceptualization of Minsk as a phenomenon. The authors argue that the analysis of the ongoing changes in post-Soviet capitals (both in and out of the European Union (EU)) presupposes the reconstruction of their socio-cultural context.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje susitelkiama į kultūrinį Minsko, kaip Rytų Europos posovietinės sostinės, tyrimą. Kad būtų galima suprasti miesto dabartį, būtina aptarti radikalias permainas, vykusias XX a., neišleidžiant iš akių kone visiškos destrukcijos, radikalių etninės struktūros pokyčių, sparčios pokarinės erdvės ekspansijos ir galiausiai intensyvios simbolinės gamybos kaip posovietinio kapitalo. Kad būtų nustatyta, kokie bruožai charakteringiausi Minskui sociologinėje perspektyvoje, pasitelkiama kultūros teorija, istorinė rekonstrukcija ir tarpnacionalinis palyginimas. Straipsnyje siekiama reflektuoti erdvės organizaciją ir kultūrinį naratyvą, nūdien produkuojamą Minske, taip pat apsvarstyti bendrąsias šio miesto tendencijas. Kintantis Minsko statusas ir simbolinis jo vaidmuo pastarajame amžiuje reikalauja naujaip ir nuodugniai konceptualizuoti šį miestą kaip fenomeną. Autorės tvirtina, kad vykstantys pokyčiai posovietinėse sostinėse (Europos Są jungoje ir anapus jos) turi įtakos jų sociokultūrinio konteksto rekonstravimui.
PREFACE
Authors: Barevičiūtė Jovilė , Kačerauskas Tomas
Published: July 2011

„Preface" Limes: Borderland studies, 4(1), p. 5-6
“Communicating Africa”. Researching Mobile Kin Communities Communication Technologies, and Social Transformation in Angola and Cameroon
Authors: De Bruijn Mirjam , Brinkman Inge
Published: July 2011

« l’Afrique qui communique » Recherche sur les communautés mobiles, les technologies de la communication, et les transformations sociales en Angola et au Cameroun Si le concept de communauté demeure largement associé à sa dimension géographique, les études sur le transnationalisme dans les années 1990 ont conduit à envisager la communauté comme un réseau plutôt que comme un lieu. C’est dans cette optique que s’inscrit cette contribution, en développant l’idée de « chaînes de personnes » liées entre elles pour former une communauté. Les recherches menées au Cameroun et en Angola/Namibie montrent l’ancienneté d’une telle notion de communauté, dont les membres ont toujours été considérés comme des chaînes d’individus dans des lieux divers. Au fur et à mesure des contacts qu’ils établissent les uns avec les autres, les individus construisent et entretiennent des relations communautaires. Les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication permettent de se focaliser sur la mobilité et les interrelations entre les personnes à travers leurs histoires de vie et la manière dont ils utilisent ces nouvelles technologies au quotidien.
Liens transnationaux et transmission intergénérationnelle : le cas des familles mixtes au Québec
Authors: Le Gall Josiane , Meintel Deirdre
Published: July 2011

À partir des données recueillies au Québec auprès de quarante-huit couples composés d’un partenaire franco-québécois et d’un partenaire immigrant (non européen), l’article examine les liens transnationaux tissés avec les membres de la famille du partenaire immigrant, ainsi que les motifs évoqués pour maintenir ces liens. Les auteurs discutent de l’importance de la valeur attachée à la famille et aux liens familiaux, de la transmission de cet « esprit de famille » aux enfants, et du désir des parents de léguer à ces derniers les ressources culturelles liées au pays d’origine du parent immigrant, dans la poursuite des relations avec la famille à l’étranger.
Approche comparative des familles dispersées (Mali-Congo) : éducation et espaces nationaux
Authors: Whitehouse Bruce
Published: July 2011

La littérature sur la « famille transnationale » présuppose souvent que la dispersion spatiale des familles au-delà des frontières nationales diffère de la dispersion spatiale des familles à l’intérieur d’un même État-nation. Mais en quoi ces deux formes de dispersion se distinguent-elles ? Pour répondre à cette question, l’article se base sur l’analyse de données ethnographiques portant sur trois communautés : une communauté rurale dans la région du Koulikoro (Mali) ; Bamako, la capitale du Mali, première destination de la majorité des migrants de cette communauté ; et Brazzaville, la capitale de la République du Congo. La perspective comparative permet d’identifier plusieurs points communs entre les familles « transnationales » (dispersées entre le Mali et le Congo) et les familles dispersées « nationales » (entre le village et la ville capitale au Mali). Elle permet également de mettre au jour les différences entre ces deux types de familles translocales, surtout en ce qui concerne l’éducation et la circulation des enfants. C’est à partir de l’analyse de ces différences que l’article montre l’intérêt de la perspective transnationale dans l’étude des dynamiques familiales contemporaines.
Fermeture des frontières et liens transnationaux : un terrain auprès de primo-migrants africains en Belgique
Authors: Mazzocchetti Jacinthe
Published: July 2011

Au travers de cet article, l’auteur aborde l’incidence des restrictions en matière d’immigration en Belgique, ainsi que des conceptions différenciées de la parenté (biologique versus sociale) sur les recompositions familiales en lien avec le contexte européen de fermeture des frontières. En resserrant le champ d’étude à la situation des nouveaux migrants originaires du continent africain, ces questions sont abordées au travers de deux groupes de populations : les mineurs d’âge et les femmes.
Long-term Results of Phakic Refractive Lens Implantation in Eyes With High Myopia
Authors: Portaliou Dimitra M. , Kymionis George D. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Kalyvianaki Maria I. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Pallikaris Ioannis G.
Published: July 2011

Purpose:

To evaluate the long-term results of phakic refractive lens (PRL; Carl Zeiss Meditec) implantation in eyes with high myopia.

Methods:

In this retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series, 143 myopic eyes of 82 patients were treated for high myopia with the implantation of the silicone PRL in the posterior chamber.

Results:

Mean follow-up was 3.8±1.7 years (range: 1 to 6 years). Six years postoperatively (n=34), a statistically significant reduction was noted in the cycloplegic spherical equivalent from −14.08±4.00 diopters (D) (range: −24.88 to −4.75 D) before PRL implantation to −0.45±0.62 D (range: −1.00 to 1.00 D) (
P
<.001). At 6 years, 67.6% (23 eyes) and 91.2% (31 eyes) were within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D of target refraction, respectively. Mean logMAR uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity improved significantly (
P
<.001) (counting fingers preoperatively in all eyes to 0.17±0.15 [range: 0.54 to −0.06] and 0.19±0.19 [1.00 to −0.08] to 0.07±0.10 [range: 0.30 to −0.10], respectively). Complications included anterior capsule damage (3 eyes), temporary intraocular pressure increase (14 eyes), pigment dispersion (1 eye), and PRL decentration (1 eye). No eyes presented any signs of cataract up to 6 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Long-term results show that PRL implantation is an effective and safe method for treating high myopia.
Influence of Internal Optical Astigmatism on the Correction of Myopic Astigmatism by LASIK
Authors: Qian Yi-Shan , Huang Jia , Liu Rui , Chu Ren-Yuan , Xu Ye , Zhou Xing-Tao , Hoffman Matthew R.
Published: July 2011

PURPOSE:

To investigate the influence of the origin of astigmatism on the correction of myopic astigmatism by LASIK.

METHODS:

A retrospective study was conducted of the records of 192 patients (192 eyes) undergoing LASIK for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism from January to September 2010. Ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) and lenticular astigmatism (LA) were determined by vector analysis using objective refraction and Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) imaging of both corneal surfaces. Patients were divided into two groups according to ORA (high ORA group: ORA/preoperative refractive astigmatism >1; normal ORA group: ORA/preoperative refractive astigmatism ≤1) and LA (high LA group: LA/preoperative refractive astigmatism >1; normal LA group: LA/preoperative refractive astigmatism ≤1). Procedural efficacy was compared between those eyes with and without a significant amount of internal optical astigmatism using index of success.

RESULTS:

Mean preoperative vectors for the astigmatism of the anterior cornea, posterior cornea, and lens were −1.33×3.0°, −0.33×95.3°, and −0.27×103.3°, respectively. Mean indices of success in the high and low ORA groups were 1.75 and 0.59, respectively (
t
=7.81,
P
<.001). Mean indices of success in the high and low LA groups were 2.07 and 0.70, respectively (
t
=12.36,
P
<.001). The higher indices of success in the high ORA and high LA groups suggest a lower efficacy of LASIK in treating astigmatism primarily located intraocularly.

CONCLUSIONS:

Myopic LASIK is less effective in correcting astigmatism when astigmatism is mainly located at the internal optics. Topography and refractive value should be incorporated in the treatment of patients when a significant amount of internal optical astigmatism is detected preoperatively.
Students Usage of an Academic Library: a user survey conducted at the Main Library University of Peradeniya
Authors: Gunasekera Chamani
Published: July 2011

Since the university library is committed to provide an excellent service for its users, it has to develop an on-going dialog with the users. One of the main tools that can be used to assess the library services is the user surveys. This study was undertaken to assess library user satisfaction with current information services and resources while identifying user needs. A questionnaire based survey was used for data collection. The questionnaires were distributed among 800 undergraduates who visit the library. It was found that the undergraduates are overall satisfied with available library resources, services and facilities. But it further found that library resources and services are not being fully utilized by undergraduates. Based on these findings, it was recommended that a comprehensive information literacy program should be conducted to promote awareness and use of electronic information resources. It was also recommended that the library should increase the acquisition of electronic information sources while continuing to acquire general and reference materials to fulfill the current research needs of the users. Key words: User studies; User needs; User assessment; University library use; academic library use; undergraduate library use doi: 10.4038/jula.v14i1.2687Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka. Vol.14 (Issue 1). 2010 43-60
Vandetanib (ZD6474) in the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Deshpande Hari , Roman Sanziana , Thumar Jaykumar , Sosa Julie Ann
Published: July 2011

Vandetanib (ZD6474) is an orally bioavailable small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of multiple growth factor receptors, including RET (Rearrange during transfection), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The activity against RET and VEGF made it a good choice in the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). As there is considerable cross talk between growth factor pathways, dual inhibition with such agents has become an attractive strategy, in the treatment of many malignancies with encouraging Phase II clinical trial data to date. Vandetanib was tested in two Phase II trials in the treatment of patients with medullary thyroid cancer at doses of 100 mg and 300 mg daily respectively. The encouraging results of these 2 trials led to a randomized phase II trial comparing this medication to placebo using a crossover design. More than 300 patients were included in this study, which ultimately showed a significant improvement in progression-free survival in patients taking vandetanib. Based on these results, the Oncology Drug Advisory Committee (ODAC) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended that vandetanib be approved for the treatment of patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.
A Review of Eslicarbazepine Acetate for the Adjunctive Treatment of Partial-Onset Epilepsy
Authors: Singh Rajinder P. , Asconapé Jorge J.
Published: July 2011

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel antiepileptic drug indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. Structurally, it belongs to the dibenzazepine family and is closely related to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. Its main mechanism of action is by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channel. ESL is a pro-drug that is rapidly metabolized almost exclusively into S-licarbazepine, the biologically active drug. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-drug interaction profile. However, it may induce the metabolism of oral contraceptives and should be used with caution in females of child-bearing age. In the pre-marketing placebo-controlled clinical trials ESL has proven effective as adjunctive therapy in adult patients with refractory of partial-onset seizures. Best results were observed on a single daily dose between 800 and 1200 mg. In general, ESL was well tolerated, with most common dose-related side effects including dizziness, somnolence, headache, nausea and vomiting. Hyponatremia has been observed (0.6%-1.3%), but the incidence appears to be lower than with the use of oxcarbazepine. There is very limited information on the use of ESL in children or as monotherapy.
Cliquishness and Quasicontinuity of Two-Variable Maps
Authors: Bouziad A.
Published: July 2011

We study the existence of continuity points for mappingswhose x-sectionsare fragmentable and y-sectionsare quasicontinuous, where X is a Baire space and Z is a metric space. For the factor Y, we consider two infinite “pointpicking” games G1(y) and G2(y) defined respectively for each y ∈ Y as follows: in the n-th inning, Player I gives a dense set Dn⊂ Y, respectively, a dense open set Dn⊂ Y. Then Player II picks a point yn∈ Dn; II wins if y is in the closure of {yn: n ∈ N}, otherwise I wins. It is shown that (i) f is cliquish if II has a winning strategy in G1(y) for every y ∈ Y, and (ii) f is quasicontinuous if the x-sections of f are continuous and the set of y ∈ Y such that II has a winning strategy in G2(y) is dense in Y. Item (i) extends substantially a result of Debs and item (ii) indicates that the problem of Talagrand on separately continuous maps has a positive answer for a wide class of “small” compact spaces.
Fast Algorithms for the Anisotropic LLT Model in Image Denoising
Authors: Pang Zhi-Feng , Wang Li-Lian , Yang Yu-Fei
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we propose a new projection method for solving a general minimization problems with twoL1-regularization terms for image denoising. It is related to the split Bregman method, but it avoids solving PDEs in the iteration. We employ the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) to speed up the proposed method to a convergence rateO(k−2). We also show the convergence of the algorithms. Finally, we apply the methods to the anisotropic Lysaker, Lundervold and Tai (LLT) model and demonstrate their efficiency.
A Type of Finite Element Gradient Recovery Method based on Vertex-Edge-Face Interpolation: The Recovery Technique and Superconvergence Property
Authors: Lin Qun , Xie Hehu
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a new type of gradient recovery method based on vertex-edge-face interpolation is introduced and analyzed. This method gives a new way to recover gradient approximations and has the same simplicity, efficiency, and superconvergence properties as those of superconvergence patch recovery method and polynomial preserving recovery method. Here, we introduce the recovery technique and analyze its superconvergence properties. We also show a simple application in the a posteriori error estimates. Some numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of this recovery method.
Sour Top-of-the-Line Corrosion in the Presence of Acetic Acid
Authors: Singer M. , Camacho A. , Brown B. , Nešić S.
Published: July 2011

Under stratified flow and dewing conditions, internal corrosion can occur at the top of horizontal pipelines where continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors does not have a mitigating effect. This research work presents an experimental study of the influence of the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S; up to 0.13 bars) and acetic acid (HAc; up to 1,000 ppm) on carbon dioxide (CO2) top-of-the-line corrosion. The study was performed in a 10 cm (4 in) internal diameter flow loop with system conditions constant at 70°C, 2 bars partial pressure CO2, 3 bars total pressure, 5 m/s gas velocity, and a water condensation rate of 0.25 mL/m2/s. A comprehensive analysis on the effect of these parameters (partial pressure of H2S and concentration of acetic acid) on the type of corrosion product film formed at the top of the line is performed.
A multi-sensor upper tropospheric ozone product (MUTOP) based on TES Ozone and GOES water vapor: derivation
Authors: Felker S. R. , Moody J. L. , Wimmers A. J. , Osterman G. , Bowman K.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), a hyperspectral infrared instrument on the Aura satellite, retrieves a vertical profile of tropospheric ozone. However, polar-orbiting instruments like TES provide limited nadir-view coverage. This work illustrates the value of these observations when taken in context with geostationary imagery describing synoptic-scale weather patterns. The goal of this study is to create map-view products of upper troposphere (UT) ozone through the integration of TES ozone measurements with two synoptic dynamic tracers of stratospheric influence: specific humidity derived from the GOES Imager water vapor absorption channel, and potential vorticity (PV) from an operational forecast model. As a mixing zone between tropospheric and stratospheric reservoirs, the upper troposphere (UT) exhibits a complex chemical makeup. Determination of ozone mixing ratios in this layer is especially difficult without direct in situ measurement. However, it is well understood that UT ozone is correlated with dynamical tracers like low specific humidity and high potential vorticity. Blending the advantages of two remotely sensed quantities (GOES water vapor and TES ozone) is at the core of the Multi-sensor Upper Tropospheric Ozone Product (MUTOP). Our results suggest that 72 % of TES-observed UT ozone variability can be explained by its correlation with dry air and high PV. MUTOP reproduces TES retrievals across the GOES-West domain with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 18 ppbv (part per billion by volume). There are several advantages to this multi-sensor derived product approach: (1) it is calculated from two operational fields (GOES specific humidity and GFS PV), so maps of layer-average ozone can be created and used in near real-time; (2) the product provides the spatial resolution and coverage of a geostationary image as it depicts the variable distribution of ozone in the UT; and (3) the 6 h temporal resolution of the derived product imagery allows for the visualization of rapid movement of this dynamically-driven ozone, as illustrated in the animation Supplement. This paper presents the scientific basis and methodology behind the creation of this unique ozone product, as well as a statistical comparison of the derived product to an evaluation dataset of coincident TES observations.
Characterization of a thermal decomposition chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the measurement of peroxy acyl nitrates (PANs) in the atmosphere
Authors: Zheng W. , Flocke F. M. , Tyndall G. S. , Swanson A. , Orlando J. J. , Roberts J. M. , Huey L. G. , Tanner D. J.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. This paper presents a detailed laboratory characterization of a thermal dissociation chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TD-CIMS) for the atmospheric measurement of Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its homologues (PANs). PANs are efficiently dissociated in a heated inlet and the resulting peroxy acyl radicals are reacted with I− ions in a flow tube. The mass spectrometer detects the corresponding carboxylate ions. PAN, peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), peroxyisobutyryl nitrate (PiBN), peroxy-n-butyryl nitrate (PnBN), peroxyacryloyl nitrate (APAN), peroxycrotonyl nitrates (CPAN) and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) were cross-calibrated with both a dual channel GC/ECD and a total odd-nitrogen (NOy) instrument for the NCAR TD-CIMS' typical aircraft operation conditions. In addition, the instrument sensitivity to a number of more exotic PANs (peroxyhydroxyacetyl nitrate, methoxyformyl peroxynitrate, and peroxybenzoyl nitrate) was evaluated qualitatively by comparisons with a long-path FTIR instrument. The sensitivity for PPN is slightly higher than that of PAN. Larger aliphatic and olefinic PAN compounds generally showed lower sensitivities. We postulate that these differences are owing to secondary reactions in the thermal decomposition region, which either reduce the yield of peroxy acyl radicals or cause losses of these radicals through intramolecular decomposition. The relative importance of these secondary reactions varies considerably between different PAN species. Results also indicate that the reaction of the larger peroxy acyl radicals with the ion-water cluster, I−(H2O)n proceeds about an order of magnitude faster than with I− alone, as has been observed for peroxy acetyl radicals. Sensitivity variations among the individual PAN species at very low water vapor were observed. The results call for careful evaluation of each PAN species to be measured and for each desired operating condition of a TD-CIMS instrument.
Temporal and spatial variability of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular hydrogen: observations at six EUROHYDROS stations
Authors: Batenburg A. M. , Walter S. , Pieterse G. , Levin I. , Schmidt M. , Jordan A. , Hammer S. , Yver C. , Röckmann T.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Despite the potential of isotope measurements to improve our understanding of the global atmospheric molecular hydrogen (H2) cycle, few H2 isotope data have been published so far. Now, within the EUROpean network for atmospheric HYDRogen Observations and Studies project (EUROHYDROS), weekly to monthly air samples from six locations in a global sampling network have been analysed for H2 mixing ratio (m(H2)) and the stable isotopic composition of the H2 (δ(D,H2), hereafter referred to as δD). The time series thus obtained now cover one to five years for all stations. This is the largest set of ground station observations of δD so far. Annual average δD values are higher at the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than at the Northern Hemisphere (NH) stations; the maximum is observed at Neumayer (Antarctica), and the minimum at the non-arctic NH stations. The maximum seasonal differences in δD range from ≈18 ‰ at Neumayer to ≈45 ‰ at Schauinsland (Southern Germany); in general, seasonal variability is largest at the NH stations. The timing of minima and maxima differs per station as well. In Alert (Arctic Canada), the variations in δD and m(H2) can be approximated as simple harmonic functions with a ≈5-month relative phase shift. This out-of-phase seasonal behaviour of δD and m(H2) can also be detected, but delayed and with a ≈6-month relative phase shift, at Mace Head and Cape Verde. However, no seasonal δD cycle could be observed at Schauinsland, which likely reflects the larger influence of local sources and sinks at this continental station. At the two SH stations, no seasonal cycle could be detected in the δD data. If it is assumed that the sink processes are the main drivers of the observed seasonality in m(H2) and δD on the NH, the relative seasonal variations can be used to estimate the relative sink strength of the two major sinks, deposition to soils and atmospheric oxidation by the hydroxyl (OH) radical. For the NH coastal and marine stations this analysis suggests that the relative contribution of soil uptake to the total annual H2 removal increases with latitude.
Aircraft millimeter-wave retrievals of cloud liquid water path during VOCALS-REx
Authors: Zuidema P. , Leon D. , Pazmany A. , Cadeddu M.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. A unique feature of the VOCALS Regional Experiment was the inclusion of a small, inexpensive, zenith-pointing millimeter-wavelength passive radiometer on the fourteen research flights of the NCAR C-130 plane, the G-band (183 GHz) Vapor Radiometer (GVR). The radiometer permitted above-cloud retrievals of water vapor path, and cloud liquid water path retrievals at 1 Hz resolution for the sub-cloud and cloudbase aircraft legs when combined with in-situ thermodynamic data. Retrieved free-tropospheric (above-cloud) water vapor paths possessed a strong longitudinal gradient, with off-shore values of one to two mm and near-coastal values reaching one cm. Overall the free-troposphere was drier than that sampled by radiosondes in previous years. For the sub-cloud legs, the absolute (between-leg) and relative (within-leg) LWP accuracy was estimated at 20–25 and 5 g m−2 respectively for well-mixed conditions, with greater uncertainties expected for decoupled conditions. Clouds with retrieved liquid water paths between 200 to 400 g m−2 matched adiabatic values derived from coincident cloud thickness measurements exceedingly well. A significant contribution of the GVR dataset is the extended information on the thin clouds, with 66 % of the retrieved LWPs < 100 g m−2. Nevertheless, the overall LWP cloud fraction of 62 % was less than the 92 % cloud cover determined by airborne cloud lidar and radar combined.
Magnetospheric mapping of the dayside UV auroral oval at Saturn using simultaneous HST images, Cassini IMF data, and a global magnetic field model
Authors: Belenkaya E. S. , Cowley S. W. H. , Nichols J. D. , Blokhina M. S. , Kalegaev V. V.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. We determine the field-aligned mapping of Saturn's auroras into the magnetosphere by combining UV images of the southern dayside oval obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) with a global model of the magnetospheric magnetic field. The model is tailored to simulate prevailing conditions in the interplanetary medium, corresponding to high solar wind dynamic pressure and variable interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and direction determined from suitably lagged field data observed just upstream of Saturn's dayside bow shock by the Cassini spacecraft. Two out of four images obtained in February 2008 when such simultaneous data are available are examined in detail, exemplifying conditions for northward and southward IMF. The model field structure in the outer magnetosphere and tail is found to be very different in these cases. Nevertheless, the dayside UV oval is found to have a consistent location relative to the field structure in each case. The poleward boundary of the oval is located close to the open-closed field boundary and thus maps to the vicinity of the magnetopause, consistent with previous results. The equatorward boundary of the oval then maps typically near the outer boundary of the equatorial ring current appropriate to the compressed conditions prevailing. Similar results are also found for related images from the January 2004 HST data set. These new results thus show that the mapped dayside UV oval typically spans the outer magnetosphere between the outer part of the ring current and the magnetopause. It does not encompass the region of primary corotation flow breakdown within the inner Enceladus torus.
Assessment of the importance of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium for the terrestrial nitrogen cycle
Authors: Rütting T. , Boeckx P. , Müller C. , Klemedtsson L.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The nitrogen (N) cycle contains two different processes of dissimilatory nitrate (NO3−) reduction, denitrification and dissimilatory NO3− reduction to ammonium (DNRA). While there is general agreement that the denitrification process takes place in many soils, the occurrence and importance of DNRA is generally not considered. Two approaches have been used to investigate DNRA in soil, (1) microbiological techniques to identify soil microorganisms capable of DNRA and (2) 15N tracing to elucidate the occurrence of DNRA and to quantify gross DNRA rates. There is evidence that many soil bacteria and fungi have the ability to perform DNRA. Redox status and C/NO3− ratio have been identified as the most important factors regulating DNRA in soil. 15N tracing studies have shown that gross DNRA rates can be a significant or even a dominant NO3− consumption process in some ecosystems. Moreover, a link between heterotrophic nitrification and DNRA provides an alternative pathway of ammonium (NH4+) production to mineralisation. Numerical 15N tracing models are particularly useful when investigating DNRA in the context of other N cycling processes. The results of correlation and regression analyses show that highest gross DNRA rates can be expected in soils with high organic matter content in humid regions, while its relative importance is higher in temperate climates. With this review we summarise the importance and current knowledge of this often overlooked NO3− consumption process within the terrestrial N cycle. We strongly encourage considering DNRA as a relevant process in future soil N cycling investigations.
Barriers to predicting changes in global terrestrial methane fluxes: analyses using CLM4Me, a methane biogeochemistry model integrated in CESM
Authors: Riley W. J. , Subin Z. M. , Lawrence D. M. , Swenson S. C. , Torn M. S. , Meng L. , Mahowald N. M. , Hess P.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Terrestrial net CH4 surface fluxes often represent the difference between much larger gross production and consumption fluxes and depend on multiple physical, biological, and chemical mechanisms that are poorly understood and represented in regional- and global-scale biogeochemical models. To characterize uncertainties, study feedbacks between CH4 fluxes and climate, and to guide future model development and experimentation, we developed and tested a new CH4 biogeochemistry model (CLM4Me) integrated in the land component (Community Land Model; CLM4) of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). CLM4Me includes representations of CH4 production, oxidation, aerenchyma transport, ebullition, aqueous and gaseous diffusion, and fractional inundation. As with most global models, CLM4 lacks important features for predicting current and future CH4 fluxes, including: vertical representation of soil organic matter, accurate subgrid scale hydrology, realistic representation of inundated system vegetation, anaerobic decomposition, thermokarst dynamics, and aqueous chemistry. We compared the seasonality and magnitude of predicted CH4 emissions to observations from 18 sites and three global atmospheric inversions. Simulated net CH4 emissions using our baseline parameter set were 270, 160, 50, and 70 Tg CH4 yr−1 globally, in the tropics, in the temperate zone, and north of 45° N, respectively; these values are within the range of previous estimates. We then used the model to characterize the sensitivity of regional and global CH4 emission estimates to uncertainties in model parameterizations. Of the parameters we tested, the temperature sensitivity of CH4 production, oxidation parameters, and aerenchyma properties had the largest impacts on net CH4 emissions, up to a factor of 4 and 10 at the regional and gridcell scales, respectively. In spite of these uncertainties, we were able to demonstrate that emissions from dissolved CH4 in the transpiration stream are small (<1 Tg CH4 yr−1) and that uncertainty in CH4 emissions from anoxic microsite production is significant. In a 21st century scenario, we found that predicted declines in high-latitude inundation may limit increases in high-latitude CH4 emissions. Due to the high level of remaining uncertainty, we outline observations and experiments that would facilitate improvement of regional and global CH4 biogeochemical models.
A Holocene record of mercury accumulation in a pristine lake in Southernmost South America (53° S) – climatic and environmental drivers
Authors: Hermanns Y.-M. , Biester H.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Mercury accumulation in lake sediments has been extensively studied with regard to anthropogenic signals, but natural processes controlling mercury accumulation in the past and the influence of environmental and climatic changes are still poorly understood. In this study we present a 17 300 years old record of mercury accumulation in lake sediments in combination with a multi-proxy investigation of climatic and environmental changes in Southernmost Patagonia (53° S). Mercury accumulation in the remote pristine lake has been highly variable (up to a factor of 16), clearly exceeding the anthropogenic forcing of atmospheric mercury fluxes (factor of 3–5). Statistical data evaluation based on Principle Component Analysis reveals that the dominant driver of variations in mercury accumulation along with other organically bound elements (e.g. copper and yttrium) has been leaching of soluble organic complexes from catchment soils. This indicates that changes in precipitation rates and soils leaching are the most important climatic driver for short term variations in mercury in the lake's sediments. In the long term, however, mercury accumulation rates remain relatively constant (29 μg m−2 yr−1). This reflects that mercury accumulation in the catchment soils through atmospheric deposition and bedrock weathering has been fairly constant, too. As carbon storage in the soils and transport into the lake have increased, Hg/C ratios in the soil OM decreased. Fluxes of Hg into the lake are therefore mainly determined by the amount of OM leached into the lake and its Hg/C ratio.