bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of the integrase‐DNA complex by Mg2+ ions and prediction of key residues for binding HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors
Authors: Miri Lamia , Bouvier Guillaume , Kettani Anass , Mikou Afaf , Wakrim Lahcen , Nilges Michael , Malliavin Thérèse E.
Published: September 2013

The HIV‐1 integrase is an attractive target for the therapeutics development against AIDS, as no host homologue of this protein has been identified. The integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), including raltegravir, specifically target the second catalytic step of the integration process by binding to the DDE motif of the catalytic site and coordinating Mg2+ ions. Recent X‐ray crystallographic structures of the integrase/DNA complex from prototype foamy virus allowed to investigate the role of the different partners (integrase, DNA, Mg2+ ions, raltegravir) in the complex stability using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The presence of Mg2+ ions is found to be essential for the stability, whereas the simultaneous presence of raltegravir and Mg2+ ions has a destabilizing influence. A homology model of HIV‐1 integrase was built on the basis of the X‐ray crystallographic information, and protein marker residues for the ligand binding were detected by clustering the docking poses of known HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors on the model. Interestingly, we had already identified some of these residues to be involved in HIV‐1 resistance mutations and in the stabilization of the catalytic site during the MD simulations. Classification of protein conformations along MD simulations, as well as of ligand docking poses, was performed by using an original learning method, based on self‐organizing maps. This allows us to perform a more in‐depth investigation of the free‐energy basins populated by the complex in MD simulations on the one hand, and a straightforward classification of ligands according to their binding residues on the other hand. Proteins 2014; 82:466–478. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large anisotropic magnetoresistance in graphene‐based junctions
Authors: Rataj Marek , Barna´ Józef
Published: September 2013

Electronic transport properties of graphene‐based junctions are considered theoretically in the linear response regime and in terms of the effective continuous electronic model. The junctions under consideration consist of two parts; one part is magnetic, while the other one is non‐magnetic but exhibits strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling. Transport properties of such junctions depend on relative orientation of the magnetization, graphene plane, and direction of charge current. A relatively large anisotropic magnetoresistance, associated with a change in the relative orientation of the magnetization and electric current has been found. This magnetoresistance can be either positive or negative. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Institutional Logic Migration and Industry Evolution in Emerging Economies: The Case of Telephony inIndia
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Sharma Deepali
Published: September 2013

We employ a historical case narrative of theIndian telephony sector to inductively develop a process model of institutional change in an industry within an emerging economy. Our findings highlight the turbulent nature of migrating institutional logics—one that involves processes we term subverting, maneuvering and bolstering. We demonstrate how these institutional dynamics impact entrepreneurial activity and explicate the role of the state as a constrained institutional entrepreneur in these scenarios. In highlighting the contested and capricious nature of such migration, we make contributions to the institutions‐based view of strategy and entrepreneurship and the institutional logics and institutional entrepreneurship literatures. Copyright © 2013 Strategic Management Society.
More on the hypercharge portal into the dark sector
Authors: Domingo Florian , Lebedev Oleg , Mambrini Yann , Quevillon Jérémie , Ringwald Andreas
Published: September 2013

Abstract

If the hidden sector contains more than one U(1) groups, additional dim-4 couplings (beyond the kinetic mixing) between the massive U(1) fields and the hypercharge generally appear. These are of the form similar to the Chern-Simons interactions. We study the phenomenology of such couplings including constraints from laboratory experiments and implications for dark matter. The hidden vector fields can play the role of dark matter whose characteristic signature would be monochromatic gamma ray emission from the galactic center. We show that this possibility is consistent with the LHC and other laboratory constraints, as well as astrophysical bounds.
Optimized invertase expression and secretion cassette for improving Yarrowia lipolytica growth on sucrose for industrial applications
Authors: Lazar Zbigniew , Rossignol Tristan , Verbeke Jonathan , Crutz-Le Coq Anne-Marie , Nicaud Jean-Marc , Robak Małgorzata
Published: September 2013

Yarrowia lipolytica requires the expression of a heterologous invertase to grow on a sucrose-based substrate. This work reports the construction of an optimized invertase expression cassette composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Suc2p secretion signal sequence followed by the SUC2 sequence and under the control of the strong Y. lipolytica pTEF promoter. This new construction allows a fast and optimal cleavage of sucrose into glucose and fructose and allows cells to reach the maximum growth rate. Contrary to pre-existing constructions, the expression of SUC2 is not sensitive to medium composition in this context. The strain JMY2593, expressing this new cassette with an optimized secretion signal sequence and a strong promoter, produces 4,519 U/l of extracellular invertase in bioreactor experiments compared to 597 U/l in a strain expressing the former invertase construction. The expression of this cassette strongly improved production of invertase and is suitable for simultaneously high production level of citric acid from sucrose-based media.
Responses of a rice–wheat rotation agroecosystem to experimental warming
Authors: Cheng Hao , Ren Wenwei , Ding Lele , Liu Zengfu , Fang Changming
Published: September 2013

Climate change is likely to affect agroecosystems in many ways. This study was performed to investigate how a rice–winter wheat rotation agroecosystem in southeast China would respond to global warming. By using an infrared heater system, the soil surface temperature was maintained about 1.5 °C above ambient milieu over 3 years. In the third growing season (2009–2010), the evapotranspiration (ET) rate, crop production, soil respiration, and soil carbon pool were monitored. The ET rate was 23 % higher in the warmed plot as compared to the control plot during the rice paddy growing season, and the rice grain yield was 16.3 % lower, but there was no significant difference in these parameters between the plots during the winter wheat‐growing season. The phenology of the winter wheat shifted under experimental warming, and ET may decrease late in the winter wheat‐growing season. Experimental warming significantly enhanced soil respiration, with mean annual soil respiration rates of 2.57 ± 0.17 and 1.96 ± 0.06 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 observed in the warmed and control plots, respectively. After 3 years of warming, a significant decrease in the total organic carbon was observed, but only in the surface soil (0–5 cm). Warming also stimulated the belowground biomass, which may have compensated for any heat‐induced loss of soil organic carbon. Paddy rice seemed to be more vulnerable to warming than winter wheat in terms of water‐use efficiency and grain production.
Isotopic decay of urinary or plasma 3‐methylhistidine as a potential biomarker of pathologic skeletal muscle loss
Authors: Sheffield-Moore M. , Dillon E. L. , Randolph K. M. , Casperson S. L. , White G. R. , Jennings K. , Rathmacher J. , Schuette S. , Janghorbani M. , Urban R. J. , Hoang V. , Willis M. , Durham W. J.
Published: September 2013

Background

Skeletal muscle loss accompanying aging or cancer is associated with reduced physical function and predicts morbidity and mortality. 3‐Methylhistidine (3MH) has been proposed as a biomarker of myofibrillar proteolysis, which may contribute to skeletal muscle loss.

Methods

We hypothesized that the terminal portion of the isotope decay curve following an oral dose of isotopically labeled 3MH can be measured non‐invasively from timed spot urine samples. We investigated the feasibility of this approach by determining isotope enrichment in spot urine samples and corresponding plasma samples and whether meat intake up to the time of dosing influences the isotope decay.

Results

Isotope decay constants (k) were similar in plasma and urine, regardless of diet. Post hoc comparison of hourly sampling over 10 h with three samples distributed over 10 or fewer hours suggests that three distributed samples over 5–6 h of plasma or urine sampling yield decay constants similar to those obtained over 10 h of hourly sampling.

Conclusion

The findings from this study suggest that an index of 3MH production can be obtained from an easily administered test involving oral administration of a stable isotope tracer of 3MH followed by three plasma or urine samples collected over 5–6 h the next day.
Factors that Influence Functional Mobility Outcomes of Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Haffejee Sameera , Ntsiea Veronica , Mudzi Witness
Published: September 2013

Objective/Background

The consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) include physical, cognitive, psychological, behavioural, and emotional deficits. Prognostic factors such as age, mechanism of injury, and severity of injury assist in determining the outcome of the patient. It is believed that predictors of recovery assist both the patient as well as family members in determining the potential outcomes for the patient. The objective of this study was to identify factors that influence functional mobility outcome of patients after TBI.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were assessed predischarge. The Glasgow Coma Scale on admission was noted to establish the severity of the TBI. The Rivermead Mobility Index was used to establish the functional mobility outcome.

Results

The sample consisted of 60 participants of which 56 (93%) were males. The average age of the participants in the study was 28 ± 8.5 years. More than 50% of the participants were unable to walk outside and 37% were able to climb a flight of stairs without help at the time of discharge from the hospital. Younger age (p < .001), male gender (p = .001), Grade 12 education (p = .001), being self employed (p < .001), having bowel and bladder continence (p < .001), not smoking and drinking (p < .001), and having occupational therapy sessions (p = .002) had a positive impact on function after TBI.

Conclusion

Previous studies have identified a multitude of factors and this study has served to confirm factors that have a positive impact on physical function after TBI within this study group.
Assessment of female sexual function among women with pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence via an Arabic validated short‐form sexual questionnaire
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed M. , Abdelwahab Hassan A. , Ahmed Magdy R. , Shalaby Essam
Published: September 2013

Objective

To assess female sexual function among women with pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence via an Arabic, validated, short‐form sexual questionnaire (PISQ‐12).

Methods

The present study was conducted among women attending Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt, between September 2009 and August 2011. In the pilot study, 42 women completed the final version of the Arabic PISQ‐12 at recruitment and then 2 weeks later, and the data were compared to evaluate reliability and internal consistency. The formal comparative study included 154 premenopausal sexually active women: 80 control women, and 74 women with some degree of pelvic prolapse with or without stress incontinence. All participants had a vaginal examination and completed the questionnaire. The main outcome measures were the mean questionnaire scores within its 3 domains (behavioral, physical, and partner‐related).

Results

The test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the Arabic PISQ‐12 were excellent. Validity was approved by an expert panel. The case group had a significantly lower mean total questionnaire score (31.07 ± 4.2 vs 34.7 ± 6.2; P < 0.05) but a higher partner‐related score (9.0 ± 2.4 vs 8.4 ± 2.5; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The Arabic version of PISQ‐12 was shown to be an effective and objective method of evaluating sexual function among patients with pelvic organ prolapse.
Infertility today: The management of female medical causes
Authors: Tinneberg Hans‐Rudolf , Gasbarrini Antonio
Published: September 2013

It has to be suspected that some environmentally hazardous substances have genotoxic properties, revealing their reproductive toxicity at a later stage only. Cancer, including childhood cancer, is more common than usually expected. Undesirable side effects of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation can be premature ovarian failure or even premature menopause. In cases of autoimmune disease, autoantibodies can directly affect maturation of oocytes in the follicle, fertilization, and implantation. Spontaneous abortions are more common in patients with autoimmune disease. Thrombophilia is known to display a higher rate of spontaneous abortions as well as pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Infections are a common threat to pregnancy. Metabolic syndrome is increasingly frequent in western countries and often associated with hyperandrogenemia and polycystic disease. Women with inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis usually have no problems conceiving. In conclusion, even though infertility is a multifactorial disease, various medical and non‐medical conditions can be attributed to it.
Sodium thiosulfate protects human aortic smooth muscle cells from osteoblastic transdifferentiation via high‐level phosphate
Authors: Zhong Hui , Liu Fang , Dai Xiaoyu , Zhou Li , Fu Ping
Published: September 2013

Vascular calcification is recognized as a common complication in some patients, such as chronic renal failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sodium thiosulfate (STS) for the transdifferentiation of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast‐like cells induced by high‐level phosphate. All human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were divided into STS group 1 (treatment with STS) and STS group 2 (culture in a medium containing a high level of phosphate). STS group 1 included a normal group, a high‐level phosphate group, and other subgroups based on treatment with different concentrations of STS. Cells of STS group 2 were cultured in a medium containing a high level of phosphate for 72 hours, and then divided into a high‐phosphate control group and other subgroups based on treatment with different concentrations of STS. The mRNA and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), core binding factor α‐1 (Cbfα‐1), and matrix Gla protein (MGP) were detected. Meanwhile, calcium concentration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activation were measured. In STS group 1, the mRNA levels of BMP‐2 and Cbfα‐1 were elevated significantly in the high‐level phosphate group compared with the normal group (p < 0.05). However, both gene expressions were attenuated in the STS‐treated groups (vs. normal group, p < 0.05). MGP mRNA levels were reduced in the high‐level phosphate group (vs. normal group, p < 0.05). In the STS‐treated groups, mRNA expression of MGP was elevated compared to the high‐level phosphate group (p < 0.05). In STS group 2, expression of MGP was enhanced significantly (vs. high‐phosphate control group, p < 0.05) with both BMP‐2 and Cbfα‐1 reducing in the STS‐treated groups (vs. high‐phosphate‐control group, p < 0.05). STS attenuates calcium concentration and ALP activation. It can reverse osteoblast differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and modulate the expressions of calcification‐related factors.
Skp2‐mediated degradation of p27 regulates cell cycle progression in compressed human bladder smooth muscle cells
Authors: Chen Lin , Wu Tao , Wei Tang‐Qiang , Wei Xin , Li Sheng‐Fu , Wang Kun‐Jie , Li Hong
Published: September 2013

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) results in smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, decreased bladder wall compliance, and lower and upper urinary tract pathology. Mechanical stimulus on detrusor tissue is critical to BOO disease progression. Our previous studies confirm that mechanical stimulus triggers human bladder smooth muscle cell (HBSMC) proliferation. To better understand the signal transduction mechanisms for this process we detected cell cycle machinery of HBSMC (Bose ® Biodynamic, Minnetonka, MN, USA). HBSMCs cultured in scaffolds were subjected to four different pressures (0 cmH2O, 100 cmH2O, 200 cmH2O, and 300 cmH2O) for 24 hours, which were controlled by a BOSE BioDynamic bioreactor. Then we used flow cytometry to examine cell cycle distribution, polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting to quantify Skp2, p27, and p21 expression in each group. Additionally, Skp2 was silenced in HBSMCs using small interfering RNA to validate the role of Skp2 in mediating pressure‐induced cell cycle progression. Compared with the 0 cmH2O control, HBSMCs in the 200 cmH2O and 300 cmH2O groups exhibited high‐level expression of Skp2 gene and low‐level expression of p27 protein. However, p21, another downstream signal of Skp2, showed no significant change between groups. In addition, Skp2 silencing abolished increases in cell proliferation induced by pressure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the functional importance of Skp2 in cyclic hydrodynamic pressure stimulated HBSMC proliferation. The signal transduction mechanism for this process involves p27 as well as p21 signaling pathway.
V‐ATPase inhibition overcomes trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer
Authors: von Schwarzenberg Karin , Lajtos Tamás , Simon Làszló , Müller Rolf , Vereb György , Vollmar Angelika M.
Published: September 2013

The HER2 oncogene targeting drug trastuzumab shows remarkable efficacy in patients overexpressing HER2. However acquired or primary resistance develops in most of the treated patients why alternative treatment strategies are strongly needed. As endosomal sorting and recycling are crucial steps for HER2 activity and the vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) is an important regulator of endocytotic trafficking, we proposed that targeting V‐ATPase opens a new therapeutic strategy against trastuzumab‐resistant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. V‐ATPase inhibition with archazolid, a novel inhibitor of myxobacterial origin, results in growth inhibition, apoptosis and impaired HER2 pro‐survival signaling of the trastuzumab‐resistant cell line JIMT‐1. This is accompanied by a decreased expression on the plasma membrane and accumulation of HER2 in the cytosol, where it colocalizes with endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes. Importantly, microscopic analysis of JIMT‐1 xenograft tumor tissue of archazolid treated mice confirms the defect in HER2‐recycling which leads to reduced tumor growth. These results suggest that V‐ATPase inhibition by archazolid induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of trastuzumab‐resistant tumor cells by retaining HER2 in dysfunctional vesicles of the recycling pathway and consequently abrogates HER2‐signaling in vitro as well as in vivo. V‐ATPase inhibition is thus suggested as a promising strategy for treatment of trastuzumab‐resistant tumors.
Large-Scale Inference
Authors: Efron Bradley
Published: September 2013

We live in a new age for statistical inference, where modern scientific technology such as microarrays and fMRI machines routinely produce thousands and sometimes millions of parallel data sets, each with its own estimation or testing problem. Doing thousands of problems at once is more than repeated application of classical methods. Taking an empirical Bayes approach, Bradley Efron, inventor of the bootstrap, shows how information accrues across problems in a way that combines Bayesian and frequentist ideas. Estimation, testing and prediction blend in this framework, producing opportunities for new methodologies of increased power. New difficulties also arise, easily leading to flawed inferences. This book takes a careful look at both the promise and pitfalls of large-scale statistical inference, with particular attention to false discovery rates, the most successful of the new statistical techniques. Emphasis is on the inferential ideas underlying technical developments, illustrated using a large number of real examples.
Parameterization Schemes
Authors: Stensrud David J.
Published: September 2013

Numerical weather prediction models play an increasingly important role in meteorology, both in short- and medium-range forecasting and global climate change studies. The most important components of any numerical weather prediction model are the subgrid-scale parameterization schemes, and the analysis and understanding of these schemes is a key aspect of numerical weather prediction. This book provides in-depth explorations of the most commonly used types of parameterization schemes that influence both short-range weather forecasts and global climate models. Several parameterizations are summarised and compared, followed by a discussion of their limitations. Review questions at the end of each chapter enable readers to monitor their understanding of the topics covered, and solutions are available to instructors at www.cambridge.org/9780521865401. This will be an essential reference for academic researchers, meteorologists, weather forecasters, and graduate students interested in numerical weather prediction and its use in weather forecasting.
The U.S. Women's Jury Movements and Strategic Adaptation
Authors: McCammon Holly J.
Published: September 2013

When women won the vote in the United States in 1920 they were still routinely barred from serving as jurors, but some began vigorous campaigns for a place in the jury box. This book tells the story of how women mobilized in fifteen states to change jury laws so that women could gain this additional right of citizenship. Some campaigns quickly succeeded; others took substantially longer. The book reveals that when women strategically adapted their tactics to the broader political environment, they were able to speed up the pace of jury reform, while less strategic movements took longer. A comparison of the more strategic women's jury movements with those that were less strategic shows that the former built coalitions with other women's groups, took advantage of political opportunities, had past experience in seeking legal reforms and confronted tensions and even conflict within their ranks in ways that bolstered their action.
The Malleability of Intellectual Styles
Authors: Zhang Li-fang
Published: September 2013

Intellectual styles are individuals' preferred ways of using the abilities that they possess. The extent to which one can change his or her intellectual style is a question of interest to both researchers and the general public. This book presents the first comprehensive and systematic review of existing research on the malleability of intellectual styles. By critically analyzing research findings derived from both cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations performed over the past seven decades, Li-fang Zhang demonstrates that intellectual styles can be modified through both socialization and purposeful training. Professor Zhang elucidates the heuristic value of these findings for the development of adaptive intellectual styles in both academic and non-academic settings. She proposes further avenues of research that might advance scholarly understanding of the nature of and the potential for modifying intellectual styles.
The Life of Isaac Newton
Authors: Westfall Richard S.
Published: September 2013

Isaac Newton was indisputably one of the greatest scientists in history. His achievements in mathematics and physics marked the culmination of the movement that brought modern science into being. Richard Westfall's biography captures in engaging detail both his private life and scientific career, presenting a complex picture of Newton the man, and as scientist, philosopher, theologian, alchemist and public figure, President of the Royal Society and Warden of the Royal Mint. An abridged version of his magisterial study Never at Rest, this concise biography is now published for the first time in paperback and makes Westfall's highly acclaimed portrait of Newton newly accessible to general readers.
Astrophotography for the Amateur
Authors: Covington Michael A.
Published: September 2013

First published in 1999, this much expanded and updated edition of the best-selling handbook Astrophotography for the Amateur provides a complete guide to taking pictures of stars, galaxies, the Moon, the Sun, comets, meteors and eclipses, using equipment and materials readily available to the hobbyist. In this new edition, the book has been completely revised and now includes new chapters on computer image processing and CCD imaging; expanded advice on choosing cameras and telescopes; completely updated information about the films; a much larger bibliography; and hundreds of new photographs (in colour, and black and white) demonstrating the latest equipment and techniques. Astrophotography for the Amateur has become the standard handbook for all amateur astronomers. This expanded and updated edition provides an ideal introduction for beginners and a complete handbook for advanced amateurs. It will also appeal to photography enthusiasts who can discover how to take spectacular images with only modest equipment.
Freedom, Repression, and Private Property in Russia
Authors: Shlapentokh Vladimir , Arutunyan Anna
Published: September 2013

This study demonstrates how the emergence of private property and a market economy after the Soviet Union's collapse enabled a degree of freedom while simultaneously supporting authoritarianism. Based on case studies, Vladimir Shlapentokh and Anna Arutunyan analyze how private property and free markets spawn feudal elements in society. These elements are so strong in post-Communist Russia that they prevent the formation of a true democratic society, while making it impossible to return to totalitarianism. The authors describe the resulting Russian society as having three types of social organization: authoritarian, feudal and liberal. The authors examine the adaptation of Soviet-era institutions like security forces, the police and the army to free market conditions and how they generated corruption; the belief that the KGB was relatively free from corruption; how large property holdings merge with power and necessitate repression; and how property relations affect government management and suppression.
Wilcox's Surgical Anatomy of the Heart
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Spicer Diane E. , Hlavacek Anthony M. , Cook Andrew C. , Backer Carl L.
Published: September 2013

The revised fourth edition of this classic textbook on cardiac anatomy written from the stance of the cardiac surgeon features many new images, including computed tomography angiography. The provision of multiple high quality surgical and pathological photographs makes it essential reading for cardiac surgeons, and of great value to cardiologists, surgical pathologists, radiologists and anaesthetists. The book will also be a valuable reference resource for any healthcare professional or researcher who needs to understand detailed cardiac anatomy. The book begins by describing the surgical approaches to the heart. It goes on to discuss the normal surgical anatomy of the cardiac chambers, the valves, and the systems for circulation and conduction within the heart. This provides the essential anatomical information required to assess and interpret the malformations, lesions and abnormalities discussed in the remainder of the book.
Individual Rights and the Making of the International System
Authors: Reus-Smit Christian
Published: September 2013

We live today in the first global system of sovereign states in history, encompassing all of the world's polities, peoples, religions and civilizations. Christian Reus-Smit presents a new account of how this system came to be, one in which struggles for individual rights play a central role. The international system expanded from its original European core in five great waves, each involving the fragmentation of one or more empires into a host of successor sovereign states. In the most important, associated with the Westphalian settlement, the independence of Latin America, and post-1945 decolonization, the mobilization of new ideas about individual rights challenged imperial legitimacy, and when empires failed to recognize these new rights, subject peoples sought sovereign independence. Combining theoretical innovation with detailed historical case studies, this book advances a new understanding of human rights and world politics, with individual rights deeply implicated in the making of the global sovereign order.
After Mahler
Authors: Downes Stephen
Published: September 2013

The music of Gustav Mahler repeatedly engages with Romantic notions of redemption. This is expressed in a range of gestures and procedures, shifting between affirmative fulfilment and pessimistic negation. In this groundbreaking study, Stephen Downes explores the relationship of this aspect of Mahler's music to the output of Benjamin Britten, Kurt Weill and Hans Werner Henze. Their initial admiration was notably dissonant with the prevailing Zeitgeist – Britten in 1930s England, Weill in 1920s Germany and Henze in 1950s Germany and Italy. Downes argues that Mahler's music struck a profound chord with them because of the powerful manner in which it raises and intensifies dystopian and utopian complexes and probes the question of fulfilment or redemption, an ambition manifest in ambiguous tonal, temporal and formal processes. Comparisons of the ways in which this topic is evoked facilitate new interpretative insights into the music of these four major composers.
Buoyancy Effects on Natural Ventilation
Authors: Chenvidyakarn Torwong
Published: September 2013

This book describes in depth the fundamental effects of buoyancy, a key force in driving air and transporting heat and pollutants around the interior of a building. This book is essential reading for anyone involved in the design and operation of modern sustainable, energy-efficient buildings, whether a student, researcher or practitioner. The book presents new principles in natural ventilation design and addresses surprising, little-known natural ventilation phenomena that are seldom taught in architecture or engineering schools. Despite its scientific and applied mathematics subject, the book is written in simple language and contains no demanding mathematics, while still covering both qualitative and quantitative aspects of ventilation flow analysis. It is therefore suitable for both non-expert readers who just want to develop intuition of natural ventilation design and control (such as architects and students) and for those possessing more expertise whose work involves quantifying flows (such as engineers and building scientists).
Critical Examination of the First Principles of Geology
Authors: Greenough George Bellas
Published: September 2013

Born in London, the geologist G. B. Greenough FRS (1778–1855) initially studied law. His studies took him to the University of Göttingen where, almost by chance, he attended lectures on natural history. He was immediately hooked, gave up his legal studies, and devoted himself to geology, going on a series of scientific tours of France, Italy, Britain, Ireland and lastly India. He helped to found the Geological Society, and under its auspices, he organised a cooperative project that led to his famous geological map of England and Wales. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1807 for his services to geology. This influential series of essays, published in 1819, debunked a range of geological theories that were popular at the time, and by so doing, Greenough helped to reform much of geological thinking. The book also includes transcripts from his presidential addresses to the Geological Society.
Molecular Communication
Authors: Nakano Tadashi , Eckford Andrew W. , Haraguchi Tokuko
Published: September 2013

This comprehensive guide, by pioneers in the field, brings together, for the first time, everything a new researcher, graduate student or industry practitioner needs to get started in molecular communication. Written with accessibility in mind, it requires little background knowledge, and provides a detailed introduction to the relevant aspects of biology and information theory, as well as coverage of practical systems. The authors start by describing biological nanomachines, the basics of biological molecular communication and the microorganisms that use it. They then proceed to engineered molecular communication and the molecular communication paradigm, with mathematical models of various types of molecular communication and a description of the information and communication theory of molecular communication. Finally, the practical aspects of designing molecular communication systems are presented, including a review of the key applications. Ideal for engineers and biologists looking to get up to speed on the current practice in this growing field.
Virtues and Vices in Positive Psychology
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján
Published: September 2013

Positive psychology is one of the biggest growth industries in the discipline of psychology. At the present time, the subfield of 'positive education' seems poised to take the world of education and teacher training by storm. In this first book-length philosophical study of positive psychology, Professor Kristján Kristjánsson subjects positive psychology's recent inroads into virtue theory and virtue education to sustained conceptual and moral scrutiny. Professor Kristjánsson's interdisciplinary perspective constructively integrates insights, evidence and considerations from social science and philosophy in a way that is easily accessible to the general reader. He offers an extended critique of positive psychology generally and 'positive education' in particular, exploring the philosophical assumptions, underpinnings and implications of these academic trends in detail. This provocative book will excite anyone interested in cutting-edge research on positive psychology and on the virtues that lie at the intersection of psychology, philosophy of mind, moral philosophy, education, and daily life.
Elements of Automata Theory
Authors: Sakarovitch Jacques
Published: September 2013

Automata theory lies at the foundation of computer science, and is vital to a theoretical understanding of how computers work and what constitutes formal methods. This treatise gives a rigorous account of the topic and illuminates its real meaning by looking at the subject in a variety of ways. The first part of the book is organised around notions of rationality and recognisability. The second part deals with relations between words realised by finite automata, which not only exemplifies the automata theory but also illustrates the variety of its methods and its fields of application. Many exercises are included, ranging from those that test the reader, to those that are technical results, to those that extend ideas presented in the text. Solutions or answers to many of these are included in the book.
The Collins Class Submarine Story
Authors: Yule Peter , Woolner Derek
Published: September 2013

A unique and outstanding military and industrial achievement, the Collins class submarine project was also plagued with difficulties and mired in politics. Its story is one of heroes and villains, grand passions, intrigue, lies, spies and backstabbing. It is as well a story of enormous commitment and resolve to achieve what many thought impossible. The building of these submarines was Australia's largest, most expensive and most controversial military project. From initiation in the 1981–2 budget to the delivery of the last submarine in 2003, the total cost was in excess of six billion dollars. Over 130 key players were interviewed for this book, and the Australian Defence Department allowed access to its classified archives and the Australian Navy archives. Vividly illustrated with photographs from the collections of the Royal Australian Navy and ASC Pty Ltd, The Collins Class Submarine Story: Steel, Spies and Spin, first published in 2008, is a riveting and accessibly written chronicle of a grand-scale quest for excellence.
Slavery and the Enlightenment in the British Atlantic, 1750–1807
Authors: Roberts Justin
Published: September 2013

This book examines the daily details of slave work routines and plantation agriculture in the eighteenth-century British Atlantic, focusing on case studies of large plantations in Barbados, Jamaica and Virginia. Work was the most important factor in the slaves' experience of the institution. Slaves' day-to-day work routines were shaped by plantation management strategies that drew on broader pan-Atlantic intellectual and cultural principles. Although scholars often associate the late eighteenth-century Enlightenment with the rise of notions of liberty and human rights and the dismantling of slavery, this book explores the dark side of the Enlightenment for plantation slaves. Many planters increased their slaves' workloads and employed supervisory technologies to increase labor discipline in ways that were consistent with the process of industrialization in Europe. British planters offered alternative visions of progress by embracing restrictions on freedom and seeing increasing labor discipline as central to the project of moral and economic improvement.
A Bibliography of William Wordsworth 1787–1930
Authors: Reed Mark L.
Published: September 2013

The publishing history of William Wordsworth's writings is complex and often obscure. These two volumes set out, for the first time, a comprehensive, detailed bibliographic description of every edition of Wordsworth's writings up to 1930. The great variety of forms in which readers encountered both authorized and unauthorized texts by Wordsworth is revealed, not only as produced during his lifetime but also during the years of his largest sales, popularity and influence, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The bibliography provides new information about hundreds of printings and their internal and external designs, processes of production, sales, contents and variant texts and illustrations. More than a record of the transmission and reception of Wordsworth and his writings, it offers invaluable new data for the study of British publishing history and the reception and readership of British Romantic literature.
Mammoths and the Environment
Authors: Ukraintseva Valentina V.
Published: September 2013

The study of fossilised remains of herbivorous animals, particularly those rare findings with well-preserved gastrointestinal tracts filled with plant remains, is crucial to our understanding of the environment in which they lived. Summarising thirty years of research, Ukraintseva presents evidence on plants once eaten by Siberia's major herbivorous mammals. The collection of pollen and plant spores from food remains sheds light on the vegetation of these ancient habitats, enabling researchers to reconstruct local floras of the time. This also promotes further insight into the causes of the extinction of various species due to changing environmental conditions and food availability. Providing a history of the research undertaken, the book also includes specific chapters on the Cherski horse and bison, along with the vegetation and climate of Siberia in the late Anthropogene period, making it a lasting reference tool for graduate students and researchers in the field.
Core Radiology
Authors: Mandell Jacob
Published: September 2013

Combining over 1200 clinical images, 300 color illustrations and concise, bulleted text, Core Radiology is a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for learning, reference and board review. The clearly-formatted design integrates the images and accompanying text, facilitating streamlined and efficient learning. All subjects covered by the American Board of Radiology Core Exam are included:
• Breast imaging, including interventions and MRI
• Neuroimaging, including brain, head and neck, and spine
• Musculoskeletal imaging, including knee and shoulder MRI
• Genitourinary imaging, including pelvic MRI
• Gastrointestinal imaging, including MRI and MRCP
• General, vascular, gynecological and obstetrical ultrasound
• Nuclear imaging, including PET-CT and nuclear cardiology
• Thoracic imaging
• Cardiovascular imaging, including cardiac CT and MRI
• Pediatric imaging
• Interventional radiology
• Radiological physics review, contrast media and reactions.
Essential reading for radiology residents reviewing for boards, as well as practicing radiologists seeking a practical up-to-date guide to the field.
Financial Crises and the Politics of Macroeconomic Adjustments
Authors: Walter Stefanie
Published: September 2013

When are policy makers willing to make costly adjustments to their macroeconomic policies to mitigate balance-of-payments problems? Which types of adjustment strategies do they choose? Under what circumstances do they delay reform, and when are such delays likely to result in financial crises? To answer these questions, this book examines how macroeconomic policy adjustments affect individual voters in financially open economies and argues that the anticipation of these distributional effects influences policy makers' decisions about the timing and the type of reform. Empirically, the book combines analyses of cross-national survey data of voters' and firms' policy evaluations with comparative case studies of national policy responses to the Asian financial crisis of 1997/8 and the recent global financial crisis in Eastern Europe. The book shows that variation in policy makers' willingness to implement reform can be traced back to differences in the vulnerability profiles of their countries' electorates.
The Politics of Prohibition
Authors: Andersen Lisa M. F.
Published: September 2013

This book introduces the intrepid temperance advocates who formed America's longest-living minor political party - the Prohibition Party - drawing on the party's history to illuminate how American politics came to exclude minor parties from governance. Lisa M. F. Andersen traces the influence of pressure groups and ballot reforms, arguing that these innovations created a threshold for organization and maintenance that required extraordinary financial and personal resources from parties already lacking in both. More than most other minor parties, the Prohibition Party resisted an encroaching Democratic-Republican stranglehold over governance. When Prohibitionists found themselves excluded from elections, they devised a variety of tactics: they occupied saloons, pressed lawsuits, forged utopian communities, and organized dry consumers to solicit alcohol-free products.
Epic Lives and Monasticism in the Middle Ages, 800–1050
Authors: Taylor Anna Lisa
Published: September 2013

This is the first book to focus on Latin epic verse saints' lives in their medieval historical contexts. Anna Taylor examines how these works promoted bonds of friendship and expressed rivalries among writers, monasteries, saints, earthly patrons, teachers and students in Western Europe in the central Middle Ages. Using philological, codicological and microhistorical approaches, Professor Taylor reveals new insights that will reshape our understanding of monasticism, patronage and education. These texts give historians an unprecedented glimpse inside the early medieval classroom, provide a nuanced view of the complicated synthesis of the Christian and Classical heritages, and show the cultural importance and varied functions of poetic composition in the ninth, tenth and eleventh centuries.
Transatlantic Abolitionism in the Age of Revolution
Authors: Oldfield J. R.
Published: September 2013

Transatlantic Abolitionism in the Age of Revolution offers a fresh exploration of anti-slavery debates in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It challenges traditional perceptions of early anti-slavery activity as an entirely parochial British, European or American affair, and instead reframes the abolition movement as a broad international network of activists across a range of metropolitan centres and remote outposts. Interdisciplinary in approach, this book explores the dynamics of transatlantic abolitionism, along with its structure, mechanisms and business methods, and in doing so, highlights the delicate balance that existed between national and international interests in an age of massive political upheaval throughout the Atlantic world. By setting slave trade debates within a wider international context, Professor Oldfield reveals how popular abolitionism emerged as a political force in the 1780s, and how it adapted itself to the tumultuous events of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
A History of African Motherhood
Authors: Stephens Rhiannon
Published: September 2013

This history of African motherhood over the longue durée demonstrates that it was, ideologically and practically, central to social, economic, cultural and political life. The book explores how people in the North Nyanzan societies of Uganda used an ideology of motherhood to shape their communities. More than biology, motherhood created essential social and political connections that cut across patrilineal and cultural-linguistic divides. The importance of motherhood as an ideology and a social institution meant that in chiefdoms and kingdoms queen mothers were powerful officials who legitimated the power of kings. This was the case in Buganda, the many kingdoms of Busoga, and the polities of Bugwere. By taking a long-term perspective from c.700 to 1900 CE and using an interdisciplinary approach - drawing on historical linguistics, comparative ethnography, and oral traditions and literature, as well as archival sources - this book shows the durability, mutability and complexity of ideologies of motherhood in this region.
The Sense of Sight in Rabbinic Culture
Authors: Neis Rachel
Published: September 2013

This book studies the significance of sight in rabbinic cultures across Palestine and Mesopotamia (approximately from the first to seventh centuries). It tracks the extent and effect to which the rabbis living in the Greco-Roman and Persian worlds sought to appropriate, recast and discipline contemporaneous understandings of sight. Sight had a crucial role to play in the realms of divinity, sexuality and gender, idolatry and, ultimately, rabbinic subjectivity. The rabbis lived in a world in which the eyes were at once potent and vulnerable: eyes were thought to touch objects of vision, while also acting as an entryway into the viewer. Rabbis, Romans, Zoroastrians, Christians and others were all concerned with the protection and exploitation of vision. Employing many different sources, Professor Neis considers how the rabbis engaged varieties of late antique visualities, along with rabbinic narrative, exegetical and legal strategies, as part of an effort to cultivate and mark a 'rabbinic eye'.
Rhetoric and Rhythm in Byzantium
Authors: Valiavitcharska Vessela
Published: September 2013

Rhetoric and Rhythm in Byzantium takes a fresh look at rhetorical rhythm and its theory and practice, highlighting the close affinity between rhythm and argument. Based on material from Byzantine and Old Church Slavonic homilies and from Byzantine rhetorical commentaries, the book redefines and expands our understanding of both Byzantine and Old Church Slavonic prose rhythm. It positions rhetorical rhythm at the intersection of prose and poetry and explores its role in argumentation and persuasion, suggesting that rhetorical rhythm can carry across linguistic boundaries, and in general aims to demonstrate the stylistic and argumentative importance of rhythm in rhetorical practice. Along the way, it challenges the entrenched separation between content and style and emphasizes the role of rhythm as a tool of invention and a means of creating shared emotional experience.