bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional design of microvilli in the malpighian tubules of the insect Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Bradley Timothy J.
Published: April 2021

The Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus are divided into two regions; the upper tubule, which is the site of isosmotic secretion and haemolymph filtration, and the lower tubule where water and KC1 are resorbed.

In the upper tubule the microvilli are arranged in clumps consisting of several hundred microvilli lying closely parallel. The microvillar plasma membranes do not touch but are held ≈l6nm apart along the full length of the microvilli. As a consequence, the extracellular space between the microvilli consists of long narrow channels. A morphometric analysis of extracellular, cytoplasmic, endoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial volume within the clumps was conducted. Using the secretion rate of the epithelium and the channel dimensions, it was calculated that the mean residence time for secreted fluid in the intermicrovillar spaces was ≈0·4s. In view of our current knowledge of the physiology and morphology of the upper tubule, it is argued: (1) that osmotically driven water passes principally through the cells, not the junctional spaces; and (2) that the microvillar clumps are a morphological specialization, which serves to maximize solute-water coupling in the upper tubule.

The microvilli in the lower tubule are free-standing, with no pattern of clumping as in the upper tubule. The axopods are about twice as long as the microvilli (10-14 μm) and are found in all regions of the lower tubule. This is in agreement with the proposal that the motile axopods serve to propel uric acid crystals through the lower tubule. No morphological difference was found between the upper and lower halves of the lower tubule, although the two portions are known to be physiologically distinct.
Macrocyst development in Dictyostelium discoideum: II. mating-type-specific cell fusion and acquisition of fusion-competence
Authors: Saga Y. , Okada H. , Yanagisawa K.
Published: April 2021

The early events of macrocyst development in Dictyostelium discoideum have been investigated using a new culturing system. When cells of opposite mating-types, HM1 and NC4, are cultured together at the appropriate temperature in the dark, giant cells appear, ingest the surrounding amoebae, and develop into macrocysts. Although these giant cells have been assumed to be the products of the fusion of opposite mating-type cells, no experimental evidence to prove this assumption has been obtained using such mixed-culture systems. In order to avoid the complexities involved in mixed-culturing, we have developed a new system involving the separate culture, and later mixing, of opposite mating-type cells. This has enabled us to obtain direct evidence that giant cells are produced by fusion between opposite mating-type cells. Cell fusion occurs immediately after mixing and is completed within 30 min. As a number of cells fuse simultaneously, giant cells produced by this method are very large multinucleated cells, and not binucleated zygotes. Using this system we also discovered the following facts related to giant cell formation: (1) cells can acquire their fusion competence without the presence of cells of the opposite mating-type; (2) only HM1 cells require darkness to acquire their fusion competence; (3) the restrictive temperature, 25°C, inhibits the induction of fusion competence in HM1 cells, but not in NC4 cells.
Growth of mammalian cells at high oxygen concentrations
Authors: Oller A. R. , Buser C. W. , Tyo M. A. , Thilly W. G.
Published: April 2021

Oxygen, although essential to the growth of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo, has been widely reported to be toxic at concentrations at or above the oxygen concentration in culture medium equilibrated with air (approximately 200 μM). We were therefore surprised to note that a diploid human B-cell line (TK6) was able to proliferate normally while exposed to 380 μM-oxygen. This observation was extended to Veto (African Green monkey kidney) cells, and Sp2/0-derived murine transfectomas producing antibody. Using an experimental system with a high capacity for oxygen transfer, we determined the growth rates of the three cell lines at controlled oxygen concentrations ranging from 80 μM to 910 μM. Each of these cell types was able to grow normally at oxygen concentrations up to 360-380 μM. At oxygen concentrations above 380 μM, a significant increase in the apparent doubling times of the cells was observed. No adverse effect of oxygen on TK6 cell survival was seen for concentrations ranging from 60 fOA to 410 μM. We conclude that exponential growth at nearly maximum growth rates was observed for Sp2/0-derived cells, TK6, and Vero cells at constant oxygen concentrations up to 400 μM (twice air saturation).

These findings have substantial implications for process control in the production of cells and cell-derived materials. The intrinsic oxygen transfer rate of any cell culture vessel can be increased severalfold by raising the oxygen gas concentration. In practice, this should permit significant increases in the operating cell density without the difficulty and expense of oxygen control feedback loops. Using this information it should be possible to eliminate oxygen transfer as a limiting factor in high-density cell culture technology.
The role of the cytoskeleton in positioning of the nucleus in premitotic tobacco BY-2 cells
Authors: Katsuta Junko , Hashiguchi Yuki , Shibaoka Hiroh
Published: April 2021

In premitotic tobacco BY-2 cells, the nucleus moves from the periphery to the central region of the cell and settles there. This premitotic migration of the nucleus occurs in the presence of aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α, which suppresses the formation of the preprophase band of microtubules (PPB). Thus, the formation of the PPB is not a prerequisite for this premitotic nuclear migration. Tethered by transvacuolar cytoplasmic strands, which contain both microtubules and actin filaments, the nucleus migrates to the site of future division. This migration is not prevented by disruption of actin filaments caused by treatment with cytochalasin, suggesting that microtubules play an important role in the premitotic migration of the nucleus.

In the preprophase cell, microtubules were present in the PPB and in cytoplasmic strands, which extended from the nucleus to the periphery of the cell near the PPB and near the poles, and which were associated with actin filaments. At the end of prophase, microtubules in the cytoplasmic strands and the PPB disappeared, leaving actin filaments in the transvacuolar cytoplasmic strands. Thereafter, the position of the mitotic apparatus (or that of the cytokinetic phragmoplast) was maintained by cytoplasmic strands that contained only actin filaments. The disruption of microtubules by treatment with propyzamide prevented the formation of the PPB-like band of actin filaments, as well as that of the PPB itself. From these results, we propose the following hypothesis. In premitotic tobacco BY-2 cells, microtubules change their arrangement irrespective of the presence of actin filaments. The resultant premitotic network of microtubules serves as a scaffold for building up the mitotic network of actin filaments, which plays an important role in maintaining the position of the mitotic apparatus and in controlling the direction of expansion of the phragmoplast.
Evidence for membrane differentiation in polarised leucocytes: the distribution of surface antigens analysed with lg–gold labelling
Authors: Haston W. S. , Maggs A. F.
Published: April 2021

The distribution of a number of leucocyte surface antigens was studied on both round and polarised neutrophil or mononuclear leucocytes using Ig-gold conjugates with transmission electron microscopy. Thin sections of cells, which had been lightly fixed before antibody labelling, were analysed using a statistical method to determine: (1)whether the antigens had a non-random distribution or ‘clustering’ over the cell surface; and (2)whether there was any overall bias in labelling to give a polarised distribution. Comparison between the results of this analysis and cell morphology were made. The results indicated that with the antigens investigated here, CD45, CD15, HLA-DR and CR3, the majority of polarised cells had a calculated direction of overall asymmetry of gold particles that was aligned with the long axis of morphological polarity. Maximal asymmetry was seen in polarised cells labelled for CD45 and HLA-DR, with labelling ratios of up to 6:1 between the front and back of the cell. A number of round mononuclear cells demonstrated significant polarisation of gold particles but this had no apparent morphological correlation and, in general, round cells showed a low degree of asymmetry. However, there was evidence that both round and polarised cells had a non-random distribution or ‘clustering’ of gold particles, which was more marked in morphologically polarised cells and particularly significant in polarised neutrophil leucocytes labelled for CR3.

The significance of these results for models of cell locomotion involving membrane flow is discussed.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis of Capnocytophaga ochracea in three-dimensional plasma clots
Authors: Hurst T. J. , Wilton J. M. A.
Published: April 2021

We have studied the ability of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to phagocytose Capnocytophaga ochracea in three-dimensional fibrin meshworks. Phagocytosis was assessed in three systems: (1) the PMN and bacteria were mixed together with plasma and clotted; 60±13% phagocytosis occurred after 60 min; (2) PMN were overlaid on clots containing bacteria; the PMN migrated into the clot and after 60 min 52±7% phagocytosis was seen; (3) PMN had to migrate from within one clot into a second containing bacteria; phagocytosis after 60 min was 54±3 %. In the clots, PMN released lysozyme but this was not significantly enhanced by phagocytosis. These findings indicate that PMN are capable of phagocytosing in each of the threedimensional systems tested and that they are capable of both migration into and subsequent phagocytosis in a model that more closely mimics the in vivo structure in which PMN would normally perform.
Role of membrane phosphotyrosine proteins in human spermatozoa! function
Authors: Naz Rajesh K. , Ahmad Khaliq , Kumar Rakesh
Published: April 2021

The monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (PTA) recognized proteins related to relative molecular mass regions of 94 000±3000 and 46 000±3000 Mr on Western blots of detergent-solubilized non-capacitated human sperm extract (HSE). The pattern of phosphorylation at tyrosine residues depended upon the physiological state of the sperm cells. At least six protein bands corresponding to four molecular regions of 94 000±3000, 46 000 ±3000, 25 000 ± 7000 and 12 000±2000Afr, respectively, were labeled with 32P when human sperm were capacitated in vitro-, the proteins belonging to the former three regions were phosphotyrosine proteins as they were precipitable by PTA. In vitro kinase assay performed directly on HSE indicated autophosphorylation of proteins of the same four molecular regions, with the capacitated sperm preparations having 30% higher 32P incorporation into 94 000±3000Mr proteins and 17% less incorporation into 12 000±2000Mr proteins as compared to the non-capacitated sperm preparations. Both of these protein regions were also autophosphorylated at tyrosine residues when immunoprecipitated phosphotyrosine proteins were used for the kinase assay. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of 94 000 ± 3000 Mr proteins was further stimulated by 1.38- to 1.46-fold in response to exposure to zona pellucida proteins, namely the porcine ZP3 and human zona proteins (HZP); the HZP induced the highest response. Immunofluorescence observations on fixed human sperm demonstrated that capacitation as well as exposure to zona proteins increased the degree of tyrosine-specific fluorescence per sperm cell as well as the number of sperm cells that showed fluorescence at the acrosomal region of the spermhead. PTA showed a significant (P<0.001) inhibition of human sperm binding and penetration of zona-free hamster eggs. These results indicate that the human sperm membrane proteins are phosphorylated at tyrosine residues during capacitation, and the degree of autophosphorylation of 94 000±3000Mr proteins increases after exposure to zona proteins, implying a vital role for tyrosine phosphorylation in the development of the fertilizing capacity of human sperm cells.
Monoclonal antibodies to Leishmania mexicana promastigote antigens II. Cellular localization of antigens in promastigotes and infected macrophages
Authors: Stierhof York-Dieter , Schwarz Heinz , Menz Beatrice , Russell David G. , Quinten Margret , Overath Peter
Published: April 2021

In the accompanying paper by IIg et al., it was shown that Leishmania mexicana promastigotes covalently modify a secreted acid phosphatase and other proteins by carbohydrate epitopes characteristic for lipophosphoglycan (LPG). In this study, the reaction of the anti-LPG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs AP3 and L7.25) and of mAb L3.13, an antibody directed against an epitope present on the secreted acid phosphatase but not on LPG, with promastigotes and infected peritoneal macrophages is studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. AP3 labels the surface, the flagellar pocket and intracellular structures in promastigotes, while L3.13 reacts predominantly with an antigen located in the flagellar pocket Early after infection with promastigotes, but not amastigotes, AP3 or L7.25 transiently label epitopes at the surface of live macrophages. No L3.13-reactive material is detected at the surface of infected macrophages. In permeabilized, infected macrophages, AP3 heavily labels the surface of amastigotes and the lumen of the parasitophorous vacuole, while L3.13 reveals antigen in the flagellar pocket, intracellular vesicles of amastigotes, and components in the lumen of the parasitophorous vacuole. Possible mechanistic implications for Leish- marua-macrophage interaction raised by these findings are discussed.
Blue Stentorin.—The Colouring Matter of Stentor Cæruleus
Authors: Lankester E. Ray
Published: April 2021

In the spring of 1871, when I was staying at Jena, a small aquarium tank belonging to Professor Haeckel was swarming with Stentor cceruleus. I had often thought that the peculiar blue tint of this infusorian was likely to give a detached absorption band or bands, and was, therefore, glad of the opportunity of examining its effect on the spectrum by means of the Sorby-Browning micro-spectroscope. I need hardly point out here that it is only by means of the application of the spectroscope to the microscope that the colouring matter of so minute ail Organism as a Stentor could be examined. I succeeded in bringing the instrument to bear on single specimens of the Stentor placed on a glass slip and covered in the usual way with a thin glass cover. But my observations were greatly facilitated by the presence in the tank which contained the Stentors of a number of Chœtogaster diaphanus. Many of these worms had gorged themselves with Stentor cœruleus, and their stomachs were distended with the blueish-green undigested bodies of these Infusoria. In fact the Clnctogasters had acted as most excellent collectors of the material I wished to examine, and on account of their perfect transparency I was able to make use of the Stentors packed in their stomachs just as they were, in order to obtain a greater mass of the colouring matter through which to pass the light before submitting it to spectrum analysis.
On Double Staining Nucleated Blood-Corpuscles with Anilin Dyes
Authors: Harris Vincent
Published: April 2021

The usefulness of the process of staining tissues with several dyes has been abundantly proved. The general effect aimed at is the staining of each separate part in a different colour, so that for the purposes of histological demonstration each shall be distinct and clear. In the use of certain of the most commonly employed and easily manipulated dyes, e. g. hematoxylin and picrocarmine, it is believed that a definite effect may be always calculated upon when they are used in combination. With anilin stains, however, the results arrived at appear to differ very materially if the methods of employment are made to vary in even a very slight degree, and this has been one of the causes of the restricted use of very beautiful staining colours. It has been shown by several experimenters that with combinations of anilin colours, there is a tendency at any rate for certain dyes to pick out and stain different parts of a tissue; but I think I am right in believing that no certain result has hitherto been expected, except in the case of a very few combinations.
Note on a Minute Point in the Structure of the Spermatozoon of the Newt.
Authors: Dowdeswell G. F.
Published: April 2021

The general structure of the spermatozoon of the water Newt (Triton cristalus) has recently been well and accurately described by Dr. H. Gibbes in this Journal.1 It is to a point therein, which has hitherto escaped notice, that I wish here to call attention.
Adult neurogenesis in the central nervous system of teleost fish: from stem cells to function and evolution
Authors: Zupanc Günther K. H.
Published: April 2021

Adult neurogenesis, the generation of functional neurons from adult neural stem cells in the central nervous system (CNS), is widespread, and perhaps universal, among vertebrates. This phenomenon is more pronounced in teleost fish than in any other vertebrate taxon. There are up to 100 neurogenic sites in the adult teleost brain. New cells, including neurons and glia, arise from neural stem cells harbored both in neurogenic niches and outside these niches (such as the ependymal layer and parenchyma in the spinal cord, respectively). At least some, but not all, of the stem cells are of astrocytic identity. Aging appears to lead to stem cell attrition in fish that exhibit determinate body growth but not in those with indeterminate growth. At least in some areas of the CNS, the activity of the neural stem cells results in additive neurogenesis or gliogenesis – tissue growth by net addition of cells. Mathematical and computational modeling has identified three factors to be crucial for sustained tissue growth and correct formation of CNS structures: symmetric stem cell division, cell death and cell drift due to population pressure. It is hypothesized that neurogenesis in the CNS is driven by continued growth of corresponding muscle fibers and sensory receptor cells in the periphery to ensure a constant ratio of peripheral versus central elements. This ‘numerical matching hypothesis’ can explain why neurogenesis has ceased in most parts of the adult CNS during the evolution of mammals, which show determinate growth.
Crisis Management in Canada: Analyzing Default Risk and Liquidity Demand during Financial Stress
Authors: Allen Jason , Hortaçsu Ali , Kastl Jakub
Published: April 2021

Using detailed information from the Canadian interbank payments system and liquidity-providing facilities, we find that despite sustained increases in market-rate spreads, the increase in banks’ willingness to pay for liquidity during the 2008–2009 financial crisis was short-lived. Our study suggests that high-frequency distress indicators based on demand for liquidity offered by central banks can be complementary, and perhaps even superior, to market-based indicators, especially during times and in markets where uncertainty in the economic environment may lead to lack of meaningful information in prices due to absence of trading. (JEL E42, E58, G01, G21, G28, H12)
Expression of TNF, IL1B, and iNOS2 in the neural cell after induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis with and without coating antibody anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Bachtiar Endang Winiati , Putri Citra F. , Soejoedono Retno D. , Bachtiar Boy M.
Published: April 2021

Porphyromonas gingivalis has virulence factors such as gingipain and lipopolysaccharide, causing bacteremia to reach the brain and activate neuroinflammatory release cytokines. This study analyzed the effect of the co-culture of neuron cells with P. gingivalis coated with anti-P. gingivalis antibodies against cytokines produced by neuron cells. The gene expressions of the TNF, IL1B, iNOS2 in neurons was evaluated using RT-qPCR. The results showed that P. gingivalis coated with anti-P. gingivalis antibody before co-culture with neuron cells could decrease the gene expression of TNF, IL1B, and iNOS2 of neuron cells.
Three-Color FISH Method: Dose-Effect Curves for Translocations in Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Cultures after Gamma-Irradiation In Vitro
Authors: Nugis V. , Snigiryova G , Lomonosova E. , Kozlova M. , Nikitina V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Plotting dose-effect curves for translocations identified using the tricolor FISH method based on the results of cytogenetic analysis of cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors after in vitro gamma irradiation.

Material and methods: Venous blood was obtained from three donors (2 men and 1 woman aged from 28 to 41 years) and subjected to in vitro gamma irradiation from a 60Co source at doses of 0.10; 0.15; 0.25; 0.35; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.50; 2.00 and 3.00 Gy at 37 ° C (dose rate 0.5 Gy / min). For tricolor FISH staining, two different sets of DNA probes were used for chromosome pairs 1, 4, 12 and 2, 3, 8. Metaphases with a quasi-diploid number of chromosomes (40-46) and a complete set of all FISH-stained chromosomes, taking into account their total length, were selected for analysis. Differentiation of stable and unstable cells was also carried out. In the cytogenetic analysis, traditional terminology was used with the designation of translocations as reciprocal (complete, two-sided), non-reciprocal (terminal, incomplete, or unilateral), or interstitial.

Results: The obtained numerical data were used to statistically compare the frequencies of FISH-recorded translocations when using different sets of DNA probes, when calculating of chromosome aberrations were in all (unstable and stable) and stable metaphase cells, when comparing of the frequencies of FISH-recorded translocations and dicentrics, and assessing of the contribution of the level of translocations between FISH-stained chromosome pairs in the total translocation frequency. The plotted dose-effect curves generally corresponded to the linear-quadratic form.

Conclusion: Dose dependences obtained for translocations using two different selected tricolor sets of DNA probes did not differ statistically significantly. At the same time, cytogenetic analysis of only stable metaphase cells revealed a tendency to register lower levels of translocations than when analyzing all cells (unstable and stable ), at the highest doses of 2 and 3 Gy. The levels of dicentrics formed with the participation of FISH-stained chromosomes were significantly lower than the number of observed translocations. The quantitative contribution of translocations between FISH-stained pairs of chromosomes turned out to be very low, which clearly does not contribute to an increase in the sensitivity of the FISH method of retrospective dose estimation as compared to its one-color version. At the same time, the three-color FISH-staining makes it possible to identify such variants of chromosomal rearrangements that are not recorded using the one-color FISH method.
Possibilities of Multislice Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Atheroclerotic Lesions of the Main Vessels for Type 2 Diabetes and Other Variants Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Authors: Praskurnichiy E , Ionova E , Begunova I , Knyazev A
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Study of structural and morphological features of atherosclerotic lesions of large main vessels (carotid arteries) in

type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Material and methods: The study included 78 patients. Exclusion criteria: age under 40 years, pregnancy, acute infectious

diseases, as well as chronic diseases within less than 2 weeks from the onset of complete clinical and laboratory remission, severe

cardiac (LVEF < 30 %) and renal (blood creatinine > 300 mmol/l) insufficiency, alcohol abuse or drug dependence.

There were 44 men (56.4 %) and 34 women (43.6 %) in the group surveyed. Coronary heart disease was detected in 54 (69.2 %)

individuals, 24 (30.8 %) of the examined individuals had no signs of coronary heart disease; 19 (24.4 %) people had a history of stroke,

18 (23 %) people — myocardial infarction. 42 people (53.8 %) had dyscirculatory encephalopathy of various degrees, 34 (43.6 %) had

hypertension, 42 patients had carbohydrate metabolism disorders, 12 (15.3 %) patients had type 2 diabetes, and 30 (38.4 %) patients

had metabolic syndrome.

Three groups of subjects were formed. The group of people without metabolic syndrome included 48 people (61.5 % of the

total number of examined). The group of people with metabolic syndrome without type 2 diabetes included 18 individuals (23.1 %

of the total number of examined). The group of people with type 2 diabetes included 12 individuals (15.4 % of the total number of

examined).

The examination of patients included: physical examination; laboratory diagnostics; electrocardiography; transthoracic

echocardiography; multislice computed tomography with angiocontrast.

Results: 78 patients were found to have different density of atherosclerotic plaques. There were no differences in volume

among the groups of people surveyed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a decrease in the lipid-fibrous component and an

increase in the density of atherosclerotic plaque.

Conclusion: Multislice computed tomography can detect various forms of vascular damage, the progression of the process, and

assess the severity of structural and morphological manifestations of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome

at an early stage.
Calculation of Internal Dose and Possible Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides in Case of Plutonium Wounds
Authors: Molokanov A. , Kukhta B. , Galushkin B.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Assessment of the degree of compliance with the principles of radiation safety and regulatory requirements in case of plutonium wounds.

Material and methods: Using a wound intake of plutonium by a worker as an example, issues of the formation of the internal dose due to the wound intake and formal comparison of calculated dose values with regulatory requirements are considered. The calculations are carried out using expert analysis of the experimental data on the urine excretion of plutonium during the observation period of 7 years based on the ICRP model for direct intake into blood. In addition, calculations are carried out using prognostic assessment of the same dose values based on the biokinetic model for radionuclide-contaminated wounds published by NCRP Report No 156 together with the above model of the ICRP for plutonium compounds Strong, Colloids, Particles and Fragment.

Results: Based on the calculations, possible annual limits on intakes (ALI) of radionuclides in case of plutonium wounds are derived. As criteria for determining the ALI, dose values were taken that due to the uptake of the radionuclide into the systemic circulation from the wound for any calendar year considered for 50 years after the wound intake of selected plutonium compound. Namely, the committed effective dose; the effective dose implemented in a year and the organ annual equivalent dose (to bone surface and liver).

Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the above calculations, the authors formulated the formation features of the employee’s internal exposure due to wound intake of plutonium and recommendations for determining the value of plutonium intake in the wound, evaluating the effectiveness of decorporation therapy and determining the type of radionuclide compound. This allows one to more accurately assess the degree of compliance with regulatory requirements and make an informed decision on the necessary measures of medical intervention and their urgency.
Team Incentives, Social Cohesion, and Performance: A Natural Field Experiment
Authors: Delfgaauw Josse , Dur Robert , Onemu Oke , Sol Joeri
Published: April 2021

We conducted a field experiment in a Dutch retail chain of 122 stores to study the interaction between team incentives, team social cohesion, and team performance. Theory predicts that the effect of team incentives on team performance increases with the team’s social cohesion because social cohesion reduces free-riding behavior. In addition, team incentives may lead to more coworker support or to higher peer pressure and thereby, can affect the team’s social cohesion. We introduced short-term team incentives in a randomly selected subset of stores and measured for all stores, both before and after the intervention, the team’s sales performance and the team’s social cohesion as well as coworker support and peer pressure. The average treatment effect of the team incentive on sales is 1.5 percentage points, which does not differ significantly from zero. In line with theory, the estimated treatment effect increases with social cohesion as measured before the intervention. Social cohesion itself is not affected by the team incentives.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
PENGARUH PENGUMUMAN MERGER DAN AKUISISI TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN AKUISITOR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2005-2008
Authors: Kurniawati Rina , Setyono Hendro
Published: April 2021

Purpose of this study to prove whether an announcements of mergers and acquisitions responded by market players so produce abnormal return for companies. This study also triying prove whether there abnormal return before and after an announcements of mergers and acquisitions.Data used in this study is companies conducting mergers and acquisitions listed at the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2005-2008. Sample selection use purposive sampling. Samples obtained amount 11 company.From the analysis, use one sample T-Test obtained results calculation average abnormal return (AAR) shows that of overall average abnormal return (AAR) not found abnormal return significant. So can concluded that there is not differences abnormal return stock acquiring company about information an announcement of mergers and acquisitions announced acquiring company.Other findings in this study is test results by using uji t paired produce significant count is 0,007. Then hypothesis 2 this study able to prove. So it can be concluded that there significant differences abnormal return before and after an announcement of mergers and acquisitions.Limitations in this study is a limited number of samples caused still rare company that does mergers and acquisitions listed at the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Event window short only 21 days is 10 days before and 10 days after an announcement.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT PROFITABILITAS, KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI, KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Indriyani Dian , Sulistiyani Tina
Published: April 2021

This research was aimed to examine the influence of profitability level, investment decision, funding decision and dividend policy towards company value in companies affiliated in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Population and also research samples was companies that their stocks included in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) calculation listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange of 2010-2012 periode that had a complete financial statement stated in Rupiah and paying dividend routinely during the research period numbered 6 companies. Dependent variables used i.e. company value (DPR) while its independent variable was profitability level (ROE), investment decision (PER), funding decision (DER) and dividend policy (DPR). This research used a panel data regression test device and classical assumption test. The independent variable influence testing towards dependent variable was performed partially through a statistical t-test. Based on the research result partially using a statistical t-test showed that profitability level, investment decision and dividend policy significantly influenced company value.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CASH POSITION, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, DAN RETURN ON ASSETS TERHADAP DIVIDEN PAYOUT RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Fadilla Afra , Sulistiyani Tina
Published: April 2021

Research conducted aims to determine whether there is influence of Cash Position (CP), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Return On Assets (ROA) partially or jointly against Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) on the listed property company Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2010. The results showed that of the three independent variables ROA and DER variables significantly influence the Dividend Payout Ratio while variable CP no significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio. R-square value of 62.6%.
ANALISIS PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARES (EPS), PRICE TO BOOK VALUE (PBV), RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE), RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) DAN PRICE EARNING RATIO (PER) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN METAL AND ALLIED PRODUCT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Warti Mei Ayu , Asakdiyah Salamatun
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the influence of Earning Per Share (EPS), Price to Book Value (PBV), Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Investment (ROI), and Price Earning Ratio (PER) towards the stock price at Metal andd Allied Product Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study amouted to 14 companies, and by using sampling techniques in the form of purposive sampling acquired 11 companies which can be sampled. Source of data used in this research is secondary data derived from Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) in 2005 until 2009. Data analysis in this study using multiple linear regression analysis and t test. The result of analysis is the EPS has significant influences on stock price with value of 0.000 < 0.05, PBV has a significant influence on stock price with a value 0.000 < 0.05,  ROE does not have a significant influence on stock price with a value of 0.141 > 0.05, ROI does not have a significant influence on stock price with a value of 0.913 > 0.05, and PER does not have a significant influence on stock price with a value of 0.154 > 0.05. value of R Square shows the results 0.720, which means 72% of the stock price can be explained by the variable EPS, PBV, ROE, ROI, and PER, while the remainder, 28% of stock price is explained by other independent variables are not observed/assumed to be constant.
PENGARUH KENAIKAN HARGA BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Andriawan Rio , Bidayati Utik
Published: April 2021

This study entitled “The Effect of Fuel Price Increase Against Composite Stock Price Index In Indonesia Stock Exchange”, with populations used in this study is a data sample JCI JCI to 8 working days before and 8 days of work after the fuel price hike june 22 2013, researchers assume that the time span of the study will occur the impact of rising fuel prices which impact on the presence of differences in returns and significant abnormal return 8 working days 8 working days before and after the increase in fuel prices, this is evidenced by the value of α <sig. Ie 0.05 <0.064. While the subsequent twsting using a one sample t-test to get the result there is no significant abnormal return in 8 working days before and 8 days after the work is evidenced by the increase in fuel prices α < sig. Significance before and after values for 0.689 and 0.605. In this study it can be concluded that in th present impact of an event does not occur at yhe time of approaching the event.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN, RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA), DAN SHAREHOLDER DISPERSION TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DAN INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Sheviana Amanda Deby , Sulistiyani Tina
Published: April 2021

This research aims to understand the influence of a variable degree growth of the company, return on assets (ROA) and shareholder dispersion partial evaluation and simultaneously to predict dividend policy to companies manufacturing industry which is listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesia. The sample collection by using purposive sampling method of sample and obtained 10 companies. The method of analysis data used a liniear regression analysis worship of idols with the level of significance 0.05. The research results show that: (1) the rate of growth of the company have a negative influence and significance 0.038. (2) ROA it has some positive effects and significance against its policies with a value of dividend t count 4,827 and value of significant 0,000. (3) shareholder dispersion have a negative influence and significant against its policies with a value of dividend t count -3,420 and value of significant 0.002. (4) the rate of growth of the company, return on assets (ROA), shareholder dispersion in together influential positive and significant for policies with the value of dividend f count 16,089 significance and value 0.000.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK HANDPHONE MEREK SAMSUNG DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Tufiqiyah Indria Dewi , Setyono Hendro
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the marketing mix of products, prices, distribution / place, and promotion influences the purchasing decision of Samsung brand mobile phone products. The sample used in this study amounted to 70 respondents, while the sampling method using purposive sampling. Data analysis method used is quantitative analysis with the validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t test, F test, and the coefficient of determination. By using multiple methods it can be concluded that the product variable has a negative effect and is not significant to the purchase decision with a significance value (P Value) of 0.831> 0.05. While the price variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002 <0.05, and the distribution / place variable has a positive and not significant effect on a purchase decision with a significance value of 0.058> 0.05, and the promotion variable has a positive and significant effect on a purchase decision with a significance value 0.001 <0.05. The resulting determination coefficient is 0.629, which means that 62.9% of the change in the purchase decision variable is explained by the product, price, distribution / place and promotion variables together, while the remaining 37.1% is explained by other variables not included in this study.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RISK-BASED BANK RATING (RBBR) (STUDI PADA BANK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BANK INDONESIA DALAM LAPORAN TRIWULANAN PERBANKAN TAHUN 2015)
Authors: Rezaldi Bayu , Sutanto Aftoni
Published: April 2021

The research objective is to understand bank’s health rate that are listed in Bank Indonesia in banking sub-sector period 2015. Bank’s health rate is assessed through Risk-Based Bank Rating method which includes four factors such as risk profile, Good Corporate Governance,, earning and capital of each bank. This research only considers three factors of four total factors Risk Profile is proxied by Loan to Deposit Ratio(LDR), Earning is proxied by Return On Asset (ROA) to Net Interest Margin (NIM), Capital is proxied by Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The assessment of bank’s health rate based on Risk Profile with Loan to Deposit Ratio analysis has shown that some bank area not heahlty with Loan to Deposit Ratio below 85% , the assessment based on earning with Return On Asset analysis has shown that some banks are not healthy with Return On Asset below 1.25 %. The assessment with Net Interest Margin has shown that some bank are not healthy with Net Interest Margin below 2%. The assessment based on capital by Capital Adequacy Ratio shows positive result for each bank. In general, each bank has Capital Adequacy Ratio aboved 10 %. Considering these results, each bank in healthy category.
PENGARUH HARI PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM (PENGUJIAN THE DAY OF THE WEEK, WEEK-FOUR EFFECT, DAN ROGALSKI EFFECT) PADA PERUSAHAAN KEUANGAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017
Authors: Khoiri Rizki , Ismanto Deny
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine (1) the difference in average daily return in one week (2) test the occurrence of negative returns on the fourth and fifth weeks of Monday on financial sector stock returns on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2017 and (3) test whether a positive return and tends to be larger than other months on Monday in April. The population in this study were financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Samples were taken by purposive sampling method. Samples consisted of 6 financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and included in LQ45 during the 2017 period. The results of data analysis show that trading days have no significant effect on stock returns. There is no negative return on the fourth and fifth week of Monday on stock returns and positive returns are found and tend to be greater than the other months on Monday in April on financial sector stock returns on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017 period.
Acute Toxicity Bioassay of a Pyrethroid Pesticide Bifenthrin to the Asian stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes Fossilis (Bloch)
Authors: Saha Shubhajit , Mukherjee Dip , Dhara Kishore , Saha Nimai Chandra
Published: April 2021

Bifenthrin is a type-I synthetic neopyrethroid pesticide having eight different stereoisomers. The current study aims to assess the short-term toxic effect of Bifenthrin to freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC50 values of bifenthrin to H. fossilis were 4.82, 4.47, 3.54 and 3.40 µg/l respectively. There was a significant variation (p<0.05) in the mortality of the treated fish exposed to bifenthrin with respect to the control at all the hours of exposure. A significant variation (p<0.05) between rate of mortality of H. fossilis and time slots (24-96h) was recorded for the final selected doses of bifenthrin except 4.0, 4.5 and 5.5 µg/l concentration of the toxicant. A vigorous mucous secretion and hyper-excitability was observed in the fish at the higher doses of bifenthrin specifically at 24h and 48h time slots. There was a profound loss in equilibrium of the treated fish particularly at the higher doses at 72h and 96h time slots. The gradual increase in dose of bifenthrin resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in opercular movement of the fish with respect to the control. On the other hand, opercular movement showed a significant increase (p<0.05) with the advancement of time for all the treated doses. Therefore, bifenthrin is indicated to be very strongly toxic to fish.
Elemental Characteristics of Respirable Particulate Matter in the Urban Atmosphere of Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
Authors: Sinha Sohni , Kumar Rajdeo , Kumar Amit Ranjan , Prabhu Vignesh , Kumar Ram Pravesh , Tripathi Ashutosh Kumar
Published: April 2021

To evaluate the ambient air quality of the Dehradun city, respirable particulate matter was collected using respirable dust sampler (RDS) and analysed for the heavy metal content using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The morphology of particulates were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the elemental composition was determined through SEM- energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Particulate matter mass concentration ranged from 65.00 µg m-3 to 337.33 µg m-3. Quantified heavy metals in particulate matter were Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The order of concentration of heavy metals were found to be in the trend of Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Mn>Co>Cd. Maximum concentration of PM10 was found at commercial site during summer, winter and monsoon season. Enrichment factor analysis showed substantial contribution of anthropogenic activities on PM10. Source apportionment (varimax rotated factor analysis method) showed dominance of incineration and uncontrolled burning of waste and refuses, resuspended dust with vehicular emission and crustal sources as the dominant sources in Dehradun. Plantation drive strategy have major role in ambient particulate matter mitigation measures and carbon sequestration from climate change and global problem worldwide. This study will be help to mitigate or decrease the load of air pollution by the using of various trees for sustainable human development on the marvellous earth planet.
Paediatric anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Zakieh Omar , Park Chang , Hornby Katy , Gupte Chinmay , Sarraf Khaled M
Published: April 2021

The number of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament injuries is rising at a greater rate than in the adult population, as a result of the increased participation of children and adolescents in sports. This review explores the key presentations, diagnostic and management plans, and prevention methods associated with paediatric anterior cruciate ligament injuries. This injury presents as an acute pop and effusion, with limitations in gait, and can be extremely debilitating. Clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging are used to diagnose the injury. The pivot shift and Lachman test remain the most valid exams when suspecting an anterior cruciate ligament tear. Management of the injury can be surgical or non-surgical depending on the severity of the tear and associated injuries. The surgical approach chosen is determined by the patient's Tanner classification, considering potential damage to the physes of the bone. Management plans should include rehabilitation consisting of strength, proprioception and neuromuscular training, to maximise the patient's recovery. Injury prevention programmes, consisting of strength training and neuromuscular training, should be followed by young athletes to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Compliance and earlier implementation coupled with an understanding of the biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and verbal feedback maximise the benefit of neuromuscular training.
Activities for resident wellbeing
Authors: Hong Chia Swee
Published: April 2021

Chia Swee Hong provides the tenth instalment of his series on resident engagement, which introduces an activity, considers some of the opportunities for wellbeing and presents an example of an activity and reflection table a facilitator could fill out.
Motivating and constraining factors for research participation in Scottish care homes
Authors: Law Emma , Ashworth Rosalie , Killin Lewis , Connelly Peter
Published: April 2021

Background/aims:

Knowledge and research about research participation in the context of care homes is sparse. This article describes the level of research engagement for care homes in Scotland, and the facilitators and barriers to this.

Methods:

A short survey was distributed to care homes in Scotland. A total of 130 care homes returned completed surveys.

Results:

As of 2014, only 7' of care homes had past or present experience of research. Lack of time and workplace pressures were key obstacles to increasing research within care homes. Respondents recognised that residents could benefit from research but there were also concerns about the risks of research involvement.

Conclusions:

The survey provides much needed evidence that care homes are being overlooked in research, leading to exclusion of staff and residents. More work is needed to help integrate research into care homes without adding to the demands and pressures of the workplace.