bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telemedical support for prehospital emergency medical service in severe emergencies: an open-label randomised non-inferiority clinical trial
Authors: Kowark Ana , Felzen Marc , Ziemann Sebastian , Wied Stephanie , Czaplik Michael , Beckers Stefan K. , Brokmann Jörg C. , Hilgers Ralf-Dieter , Rossaint Rolf ,   the TEMS-study group, Bartman J. , Becker L. , Bozlu L. , Coburn M. , Fazlipour G. , Fitzner C. , Grüßer L. , Gunesch G.-A. , Hess P. , Holten M. , Junge E. , Juppen Dennis , Kaffanke S. , Koch T. , Kranke P. , Liebens J. , Müller M. , Ortmanns Stephan , Reugels Martin , Roschanski Ute , Schroeder Jane , Stadler Pia , Tutlies Carla , Van Waesberghe Julia
Published: June 2023

Background

A tele-emergency medical service with a remote emergency physician for severe prehospital emergencies may overcome the increasing number of emergency calls and shortage of emergency medical service providers. We analysed whether routine use of a tele-emergency medical service is non-inferior to a conventional physician-based one in the occurrence of intervention-related adverse events.

Methods

This open-label, randomised, controlled, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial included all routine severe emergency patients aged ≥ 18 years within the ground-based ambulance service of Aachen, Germany. Patients were randomised in a 1:1 allocation ratio to receive either tele-emergency medical service (n = 1764) or conventional physician-based emergency medical service (n = 1767). The primary outcome was the occurrence of intervention-related adverse events with suspected causality to the group assignment. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02617875) on 30 November 2015 and is reported in accordance with the CONSORT statement for non-inferiority trials.

Results

Among 3531 randomised patients, 3220 were included in the primary analysis (mean age, 61.3 years; 53.8% female); 1676 were randomised to the conventional physician-based emergency medical service (control) group and 1544 to the tele-emergency medical service group. A physician was not deemed necessary in 108 of 1676 cases (6.4%) and 893 of 1544 cases (57.8%) in the control and tele-emergency medical service groups, respectively. The primary endpoint occurred only once in the tele-emergency medical service group. The Newcombe hybrid score method confirmed the non-inferiority of the tele-emergency medical service, as the non-inferiority margin of − 0.015 was not covered by the 97.5% confidence interval of − 0.0046 to 0.0025.

Conclusions

Among severe emergency cases, tele-emergency medical service was non-inferior to conventional physician-based emergency medical service in terms of the occurrence of adverse events.
Contemporary methods for the extraction and isolation of natural products
Authors: Popova Milena , Bankova Vassya
Published: June 2023

Extraction is a vital step in obtaining pure bioactive natural compounds for medical, scientific and commercial use. Recently, interest in extracting natural products for applications across the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries has grown rapidly, driving demand for newer, more efficient extraction methods. To develop our understanding of this field, BMC Chemistry has launched a new article Collection titled “Contemporary methods for the extraction and isolation of natural products”.
Concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Adella Getachew Asmare , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Tesfa Natnael Amare , Kebede Yenealem Solomon , Bantie Berihun , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Bayeh Wubet Alebachew , Dessie Anteneh Mengist
Published: June 2023

Background

Globally, the co-occurrence of stunting and overweight or obesity (CSO) in the same individual is becoming an emerging layer of malnutrition and there is a paucity of information in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity among under-five children in SSA.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was conducted from a recent nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey dataset of 35 SSA countries. A total weighted sample of 210,565 under-five children was included in the study. A multivariable multilevel mixed effect model was employed to identify the determinant of the prevalence of under-5 CSO. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Likelihood Ratio (LR) test were used to assess the presence of the clustering effect. A p-value of p < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Result

The pooled prevalence of concurrent stunting and overweight/obesity among under-five children was 1.82% (95% CI: 1.76, 1.87) in SSA. Across the SSA regions, the highest prevalence of CSO was reported in Southern Africa (2.64%, 95% CI: 2.17, 3.17) followed by the Central Africa region (2.21%, 95% CI: 2.06, 2.37). Under five children aged 12–23 months (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.59), 24–35 months (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.52), 36–59 months (AOR = 055, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.70), ever had no vaccination (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.54), under-five children born from 25 to 34 years mother (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.91), under-five children born from overweight/obese mothers (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.34), and under-five children living in West Africa (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.96) were significant determinants for under-five CSO.

Conclusion

Concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity is becoming an emerging layer of malnutrition. Under five children born in the SSA region had almost a 2% overall risk of developing CSO. Age of the children, vaccination status, maternal age, maternal obesity, and region of SSA were significantly associated with under-five CSO. Therefore, nutrition policies and programs should base on the identified factors and promote a quality and nutritious diet to limit the risk of developing CSO in early life.
Value of simplified lung lesions scoring systems to inform future codes for routine meat inspection in pigs
Authors: Pessoa Joana , McAloon Conor , Boyle Laura , García Manzanilla Edgar , Norton Tomas , Rodrigues da Costa Maria
Published: June 2023

Background

Across the European Union (EU), efforts are being made to achieve modernisation and harmonisation of meat inspection (MI) code systems. Lung lesions were prioritised as important animal based measures at slaughter, but existing standardized protocols are difficult to implement for routine MI. This study aimed to compare the informative value and feasibility of simplified lung lesion scoring systems to inform future codes for routine post mortem MI.

Results

Data on lung lesions in finisher pigs were collected at slaughter targeting 83 Irish pig farms, with 201 batches assessed, comprising 31,655 pairs of lungs. Lungs were scored for cranioventral pulmonary consolidations (CVPC) and pleurisy lesions using detailed scoring systems, which were considered the gold standard. Using the data collected, scenarios for possible simplified scoring systems to record CVPC (n = 4) and pleurisy (n = 4) lesions were defined. The measurable outcomes were the prevalence and (if possible) severity scoring at batch level for CVPC and pleurisy. An arbitrary threshold was set to the upper quartile (i.e., the top 25% of batches with high prevalence/severity of CVPC or pleurisy, n = 50). Each pair of measurable outcomes was compared by calculating Spearman rank correlations and assessing if batches above the threshold for one measurable outcome were also above it for their pairwise comparison. All scenarios showed perfect agreement (k = 1) when compared among themselves and the gold standard for the prevalence of CVPC. The agreement among severity outcomes and the gold standard showed moderate to perfect agreement (k = [0.66, 1]). The changes in ranking were negligible for all measurable outcomes of pleurisy for scenarios 1, 2 and 3 when compared with the gold standard (rs ≥ 0.98), but these changes amounted to 50% for scenario 4.

Conclusions

The best simplified CVPC scoring system is to simply count the number of lung lobes affected excluding the intermediate lobe, which provides the best trade-off between value of information and feasibility, by incorporating information on CVPC prevalence and severity. While for pleurisy evaluation, scenario 3 is recommended. This simplified scoring system provides information on the prevalence of cranial and moderate and severe dorsocaudal pleurisy. Further validation of the scoring systems at slaughter and by private veterinarians and farmers is needed.
Aligning Germline Cancer Predisposition With Tumor-Based Next-Generation Sequencing for Modern Oncology Diagnosis, Interception, and Therapeutic Development
Authors: Yap Timothy A. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Stout Leigh Anne , Schneider Bryan P.
Published: June 2023

In the era of precision medicine, genomic interrogation for identification of both germline and somatic genetic alterations has become increasingly important. While such germline testing was usually undertaken via a phenotype-driven single-gene approach, with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, the widespread utilization of multigene panels, often agnostic of cancer phenotype, has become a commonplace in many different cancer types. At the same time, somatic tumor testing in oncology performed for the purpose of guiding therapeutic decisions for targeted therapies has also rapidly expanded, recently starting to incorporate not just patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer but even patients with early-stage disease. An integrated approach may be the best approach for the optimal management of patients with different cancers. The lack of complete congruence between germline and somatic NGS tests does not minimize the power or importance of either, but highlights the need to understand their limitations so as not to overlook an important finding or omission. NGS tests built to more uniformly and comprehensively evaluate both the germline and tumor simultaneously are urgently required and are in development. In this article, we discuss approaches to somatic and germline analyses in patients with cancer and the knowledge gained from integration of tumor-normal sequencing. We also detail strategies for the incorporation of genomic analysis into oncology care delivery models and the important emergence of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and other DNA Damage Response inhibitors in the clinic for patients with cancer with germline and somatic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
Factors and Barriers to Goals-of-Care Conversations for Patients With Cancer and Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Wheless Margaret , Lee Julie J. , Domenico Henry J. , Martin Barbara J. , Bennett Marc L. , Martin Sara F. , Berlin Jordan , Green Jennifer K. , Agarwal Rajiv
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

Conversations about personal values and goals of care (GOC) at the end of life are essential in caring for patients with advanced cancer. However, GOC conversations may be influenced by patient and oncologist factors during transitions of care.

METHODS

We electronically administered surveys to medical oncologists of inpatients who died from May 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. Primary outcomes included oncologists' knowledge of inpatient death, anticipation of patient death, and recollection of GOC discussions. Secondary outcomes, including GOC documentation and advance directives (ADs), were collected retrospectively from electronic health records. Outcomes were analyzed for association with patient, oncologist, and patient-oncologist relationship factors.

RESULTS

For 75 patients who died, 104/158 (66%) surveys were completed by 40 inpatient and 64 outpatient oncologists. Eighty-one oncologists (77.9%) were aware of patients' deaths, 68 (65.4%) anticipated patients' deaths within 6 months, and 67 (64.4%) recalled having GOC discussions before or during the terminal hospitalization. Outpatient oncologists were more likely to report knowledge of patient death ( P < .001), as were those with longer therapeutic relationships ( P < .001). Inpatient oncologists were more likely to correctly anticipate patient death ( P = .014). Secondary outcomes revealed 21.3% of patients had documented GOC discussions before admission and 33.3% had ADs; patients with a longer duration of cancer diagnosis were more likely to have ADs ( P = .003). Oncologist-reported barriers to GOC included unrealistic expectations from patients or family (25%) and decreased patient participation because of clinical conditions (15%).

CONCLUSION

Most oncologists recalled having GOC discussions for patients with inpatient mortality, yet documentation of serious illness conversations remained suboptimal. Further studies are needed to examine barriers to GOC conversations and documentation during transitions of care and across health care settings.
Microrheology of haemolymph plasma of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Lechantre Amandine , Martinet Baptiste , Thévenet Véronique , Souramasing Oune-Saysavanh , Bico José , Abou Bérengère
Published: June 2023

Viscosity, which impacts the rate of haemolymph circulation and heat transfer, is one of the transport properties that affects the performance of an insect. Measuring the viscosity of insect fluids is challenging because of the small amount available per specimen. Using particle tracking microrheology, which is well suited to characterise the rheology of the fluid part of the haemolymph, we studied the plasma viscosity in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. In a sealed geometry, the viscosity exhibits an Arrhenius dependence with temperature, with an activation energy comparable to that previously estimated in hornworm larvae. In an open to air geometry, it increases by 4–5 orders of magnitude during evaporation. Evaporation times are temperature dependent and longer than typical insect haemolymph coagulation times. Unlike standard bulk rheology, microrheology can be applied to even smaller insects, paving the way to characterise biological fluids such as pheromones, pad secretions or cuticular layers.
Development of Annulative Coupling and Aromatic Amination toward the Synthesis of Structurally New Aromatic Amines
Authors: Murakami Kei
Published: June 2023

Aromatic amines are widely recognized as some of the most important scaffolds in various functional molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and materials. Two reactions have been developed to access structurally novel aromatic amines: 1) annulative coupling and 2) aromatic amination. This account summarizes the recent progress in these two reactions.
Efficient Consolidation of Incentives for Education and Retirement Savings
Authors: Paluszynski Radoslaw , Yu Pei Cheng
Published: June 2023

We study optimal tax policies with human capital investment and retirement savings for present-biased agents. Agents are heterogeneous in their innate ability and make risky education investments, which determines their labor productivity. We demonstrate that the optimal distortions vary with education status. In particular, the optimal policy encourages human capital investment with savings incentives. Our implementation uses income-contingent student loans and existing retirement policies, augmented by a new tax instrument that subsidizes retirement savings for college graduates. The instrument mimics the latest policy proposals by allowing employers to offer 401(k) matching contributions proportional to student loans repayment. (JEL G51, H21, H24, I26, J24, J26)
Skeletal discrepancies Part 3: assessment, aetiology and management of facial asymmetry
Authors: Padashi-Fard Melisa , Yin Mun Michelle Wong , Haworth Jennifer , Fowler Peter , Ireland Anthony J
Published: June 2023

This is the third article in a three-part series considering skeletal discrepancies in the vertical and transverse dimensions. Significant discrepancies in the transverse dimension are relatively rare but present challenges for the orthodontist, in terms of treatment planning, management and relapse.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article aims to increase awareness of the assessment, aetiology and management of patients presenting with facial asymmetry.
Spontaneous colonic perforation and abdominal wall extrusion of an orally ingested fork handle
Authors: Tan JR , Buckley K , Guy R
Published: June 2023

Most ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously, but a small number of cases lead to complications and necessitate surgical intervention. We present a rare case of an ingested fork handle that perforated silently through the colon and fistulated through the abdominal wall. This case highlights the importance of balancing the risks and benefits of surgical intervention and the multidisciplinary approach to complex situations.
Elite sports surgery
Authors: Mackay GM
Published: July 2023

From professional football to elite sport surgery, Professor Gordon Mackay details his journey throughout his career and what it takes to treat and operate on professional athletes.
Antibiotic prescribing for children referred to an emergency dental clinic during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Muhsin Hanean , Ondhia Amrisha , Patel Kunal , Muirhead Vanessa , Davies Janet
Published: June 2023

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, antibiotics for dental infections have been prescribed more frequently owing to reduced access to face-to-face appointments. Updated guidance emphasised antimicrobial prescribing for children. This study assessed whether the correct dose of antibiotics had been prescribed for children who were triaged by telephone at a dental emergency clinic in a London teaching hospital during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods

Data were collected for a retrospective service evaluation from the case notes of children whose parents had contacted the triage telephone line between May and September 2020. A proforma was used to extract information including the type of antibiotics that had been prescribed, the prescriber and the dose.

Results

Of the 815 children who were triaged via the telephone emergency clinic, 229 (28%) had received antibiotics. Three-quarters (n = 175, 76%) had been prescribed amoxicillin. Half of these (n = 88, 50%) had been prescribed a lower than recommended dose of amoxicillin; all incorrect dosages were prescribed by dentists in primary care. Patients aged 5–11 years were most affected by this (65%).

Conclusions

Incorrect antibiotic dose prescribing is a likely contributor to antimicrobial resistance as these patients often required further antimicrobial treatment. Our service evaluation highlights the importance of prescribing in line with the latest guidelines and literature.
Cenup (Güney) Demiryolları nın Millileştirilmesi Üzerine Tarihsel Bir Bakış
Authors: BOZKURT İbrahim
Published: June 2023

Çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan Cenup Demiryolları, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde yabancı sermaye tarafından imtiyazlı olarak inşa edilen ve işletilen Bağdat hattına dâhildi ve Türkiye- Suriye sınırını oluşturmaktadır. Cumhuriyet Dönemi ekonomi politikalarının temelini oluşturan milli ekonomi ilkesi, Osmanlı’dan devralınan yabancı sermayeye ait demiryolları, limanlar ve belediye hizmetleri gibi alanlarda bir dizi millileştirme uygulamasını içermektedir. 22 Nisan 1924 tarihinde Anadolu Demiryolları’nın satın alınması kararıyla başlayan demiryollarının millileştirilmesi faaliyetlerinin son aşamasını Cenup Demiryolları oluşturmuştur. Yabancı sermayeye ait şirketlerin işletme imtiyazına sahip oldukları demiryolu hatlarının millileştirilmesi programının iktisadi, siyasi ve diplomatik yönleri bulunmaktadır. Kurtuluş Savaşı boyunca Fransızlar tarafından işletilen hat ile ilgili ilk anlaşma 20 Ekim 1921 tarihli Ankara Antlaşması olmuştur. Ankara Antlaşması doğrultusunda, farklı aşamalardan geçerek Cenup Demiryolları, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları şebekesine katılmıştır. Bu makale Türkiye sınırları içinde yer alan Cenup demiryolu hattının işletme imtiyazının iki ülke arasında imzalanan protokol ve sözleşmeler uyarınca Fransa’dan alınması Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne aktarılması sürecine odaklanarak söz konusu demiryolu hattının millileştirilmesine tarihsel bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Türkiye ve Fransa Hükümetleri arasında kabul edilen 27 Ekim 1932 tarihli sözleşme ve protokol hükümleri gereğince hattın işletme imtiyazı, 8 Haziran 1933 tarih ve 2285 sayılı kanun gereğince Cenup (Güney) Demiryolları, Türk Anonim Şirketi’ne verilmiştir. Buna ek olarak Adana-Toprakkale-Payas kısımları ile Fevzipaşa-Meydanıekbez kısmı da Türk demiryolları işletmesine katılmıştır. Hatay’ın Türkiye topraklarına dâhil olmasıyla Payas-İskenderun hattı 12 Ağustos 1939’da, Çobanbey-Nusaybin ana hattı ile Derbesiye’den Mardin’e şube hattının 1 Ocak 1948’de Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları’na katılmasıyla, Fransız sermayeli şirket tarafından işletilen son hatların da millileştirilmesi tamamlanmıştır.
Melankoliyi Rasyonalize Etmek: Aristotelesçi Gelenek ve Rönesans ın Melankoli Düşüncesi Üzerine Bir Okuma
Authors: KÖMÜRCÜOĞLU Şeyma
Published: June 2023

Bu makalede Aristotelesçi geleneğin melankoli hakkındaki görüşleri, Aristoteles’in tevarüs etmiş olduğu melankoli anlayışıyla birlikte okunacak, süreklilik ve dönüşümlere temas edilecektir. Aristotelesçi geleneğin melankoliye yaklaşımı ortaya konulduktan sonra, Rönesans döneminde melankoli anlayışının geldiği nokta süreklilikler ve kırılma noktaları üzerinden gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Aristotelesçi bir yazar tarafından kaleme alınan Problemler adlı eser merkezinde yürütülecek olan bu çalışma Problemler’de melankoliye dair getirilen yaklaşımın Rönesans’a geçerken Orta Çağ felsefesinde hangi dönüşümlere uğradığına da temas etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Aristotelesçi geleneğin tevarüs ettiği melankoli geleneğinden başlayarak, Orta Çağ’daki akedia ve günah kavramları üzerinden Rönesans döneminin melankoli anlayışına geçilecek ve melankoli- deha ilişkisinin bu farklı tarihsel periyotlarda nasıl şekillendiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Patara Nero Hamamı Tepidarium Kapısı
Authors: ORHAN Semih
Published: June 2023

Patara Nero Hamamı, plan özellikleri ile Lykia için tipik bir görüntü sergilemesinin yanında frigidarium’dan tepidarium’a girişi sağlayan anıtsal kapısı ile de dikkat çekicidir. Stylobat bloklarındaki taşçı izleri ile kazıdan elde edilen veriler, frigidarium’daki bu ünik kapının dört sütunlu, yanlarda birer giriş ile görkemli bir cepheye sahip olduğunu gösterir. Yapılan çalışmalarda arkeolojik verilerden yola çıkarak, kapının mimarisi ile ilgili üç ayrı restitüsyon önerisi getirilmiştir. Bunlardan ilki sütun aralarının yalnızca sütun üst bölümüne kadar kapalı olduğu, ikincisi sütun aralarının tamamen kapalı olduğu, üçüncüsü ise kapının cephede iki sütun köşelerde ise plasterlere sahip olduğu şeklindedir. Makale konusunu oluşturan tepidarium kapısının mimari detaylar ve kazı buluntularından elde edilen veriler neticesinde Severuslar dönemi’nde inşa edildiği düşünülmektedir.
Corporate Governance Disclosure Attributes and Organisational Performance in Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Ososuskpor Joy , Ekienabor Ehijiele
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the article: There seems to be lack of studies on the link between corporate governance disclosure attributes and organisational performance, particularly for consumer and industrial goods companies in sub-Sahara Africa in a single study. Consequently, this study was carried out with the view to evaluating whether certain corporate governance disclosure attributes (chief executive officer compensation and share ownership) affect organisational performance (return on capital employed) in sub-Sahara Africa.Methodology/Methods: Secondary data from 2012–2021 were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of sixteen (16) companies, of which four (4) were selected from each region of sub-Saharan Africa (West Africa: Nigeria; Southern African: South Africa, East Africa: Kenya; and Central Africa: Egypt). Data obtained were analysed via descriptive (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, kurtosis, skewness and Karl Pearson correlation matrix), post estimation (factor and principal component analyses, variance inflation factor and heteroscedasticity) and inferential (Ordinary Least Square, Fixed and Random Effects Regression) statistical tools.Scientific aim: This paper assessed corporate governance disclosure attributes and organisational performance in sub-Sahara Africa.Findings: The fixed and random regression result indicated that while chief executive officer compensation had significant relationship with organisational performance (coefficient = –1.1971; z_value = –3.40 and prob_z = 0.001), chief executive officer share ownership (coefficient = 0.00087, z_value = 0.04 and prob_z = 0.082) had insignificant relationship with organisational performance in sub-Saharan Africa.Conclusion: The study advocates the need to decrease chief executive officer share ownership concentration, as it may probably reduce decision-making process, transparency and objectivity of the board. Thus, concentration of chief executive officer sharehodling should be taken seriously by top management in that chief executive officers should not be accorded too much opportunity to aquire companies’ stocks.
Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment of Academic Staff: The Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Hassan Banjo , Hassan Hassanat , Hassan Olushola
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the article: This study investigated the contribution of organisational culture to the three dimensions of organisational commitment (normative, affective and continuance) of academic staff as moderated by job satisfaction.Methodology/methods: The study adopted the quantitative method using a descriptive survey. One hundred and seventy-four (174) academics in Lagos, Nigeria selected through non-probabilistic methods participated in the survey. The data was gathered using three validated questionnaires through Cronbach Alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the data analysis.Scientific aim: To ascertain the effect of organisational culture on commitment of academic staff and confirm if job satisfaction mediates this effect.Findings: It was observed from the outcome that there is a significant positive relationship among the variables of the study. The results also showed that the organisational culture contributed significantly to organisational affective commitment of academic staff. It also showed that that the organisational culture contributed significantly to organisational normative and continuance commitment of academic staff. The contribution of the organisational culture was seen to be significant on composite organisational commitment of academic staff just as job satisfaction slightly moderated the effect of organisational culture on the commitment of academics and the effect was found to be significant.Conclusions: The study concluded that the organisational culture and job satisfaction have a positive impact on organisational commitment. University management can improve staff commitment through review of their organisational culture elements and job satisfaction
Joint RMSSA scheme and link load balancing for static SD-SCNs from model building to algorithm design
Authors: Yang Xin , Sun Qiang
Published: June 2023

The spatial channel network (SCN) is a new optical network architecture that can support traffic requests from 100 Gb/s to 10 Tb/s and beyond. Software-defined networking (SDN) has superb management and control capabilities, making it easier to obtain network topology and link load information with it than with traditional networks. Combining the advantages of both, we propose a multi-plane SDN-based spatial channel network (SD-SCN) architecture and focus on solving the routing, modulation format, spatial lane, and spectrum block assignment (RMSSA) problem in static SD-SCNs. In this paper, we build a multi-plane network model of an SD-SCN, design the functional modules of each plane, and give the operation principle of the model. Furthermore, we formulate the RMSSA problem in the static SD-SCN model and propose a heuristic spatial lane and spectrum block minimization and load balancing (MLB2) algorithm to solve the problem. Also, we design an improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm (the heuristic function and iteration criterion are optimized) to implement the routing path assignment function of the MLB2 algorithm. The simulation results show that the MLB2 algorithm can carry traffic requests with minimum network resources, and when the total traffic rate is high, the link load can be balanced by invoking the IACO algorithm to increase the network throughput. The MLB2 algorithm performs better in small-scale networks than in large-scale networks.
Multimodal high-resolution retinal imaging using a camera-based DMD-integrated adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscope
Authors: Krafft Léa , Senée Pierre , Gofas Elena , Thouvenin Olivier , Atlan Michael , Paques Michel , Meimon Serge , Mecê Pedro
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate the feasibility of a multimodal adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscope, able to provide both bright-field and dark-field images (such as phase contrast). The multimodality was made possible by integrating a digital micromirror device (DMD) at the illumination path to project a sequence of complementary high-resolution patterns into the retina. Through a versatile post-processing method that digitally selects backscattered or multiply scattered photons, we were able: (1) to achieve up to four-fold contrast increase of bright-field images when imaging the photoreceptor mosaic and nerve fibers; and (2) to visualize translucent retinal features such as capillaries, red blood cells, vessel walls, ganglion cells, and photoreceptor inner segments through phase contrast.
Performance, design, and analysis of microwave photonic spectral domain filters using optical microcombs
Authors: Moss David
Published: June 2023

Microwave transversal filters, which are implemented based on the transversal filter structure in digital signal processing, offer a high reconfigurability for achieving a variety of signal processing functions without changing hardware. When implemented using microwave photonic (MWP) technologies, also known as MWP transversal filters, they provide competitive advantages over their electrical counterparts, such as low loss, large operation bandwidth, and strong immunity to electromagnetic interference. Recent advances in high-performance optical microcombs provide compact and powerful multi-wavelength sources for MWP transversal filters that require a larger number of wavelength channels to achieve high performance, allowing for the demonstration of a diverse range of filter functions with improved performance and new features. Here, we present a comprehensive performance analysis for microcomb-based MWP spectral filters based on the transversal filter approach. First, we investigate the theoretical limitations in the filter spectral response induced by finite tap numbers. Next, we analyze the distortions in the filter spectral response resulting from experimental error sources. Finally, we assess the influence of input signal’s bandwidth on the filtering errors. These results provide a valuable guide for the design and optimization of microcomb-based MWP transversal filters for a variety of applications.
A semi-analytical model for deep-water hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Løvås Håvard , Larsen Martin , Pizarro Oscar , Sørensen Asgeir
Published: June 2023

In this paper we propose a semi-analytical (SA) model for relating seafloor reflectance to measured radiance in deep-water hyperspectral imaging for artificially illuminated scenes. Utilizing accurate sensor-seafloor geometry from photogrammetry and the principle of two-perspective observation, we allow for estimation of the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the water column. We demonstrate the SA model and estimation of IOPs for hyperspectral imaging of a deep-water coral reef from a remotely operated vehicle. For the calibrated SA model, evaluation of across-perspective similarity demonstrates the model's ability to compensate for water column and light source effects.
The invisible plant technology of Prehistoric Southeast Asia: Indirect evidence for basket and rope making at Tabon Cave, Philippines, 39–33,000 years ago
Authors: Xhauflair Hermine , Jago-on Sheldon , Vitales Timothy James , Manipon Dante , Amano Noel , Callado John Rey , Tandang Danilo , Kerfant Céline , Choa Omar , Pawlik Alfred
Published: June 2023

A large part of our material culture is made of organic materials, and this was likely the case also during prehistory. Amongst this prehistoric organic material culture are textiles and cordages, taking advantage of the flexibility and resistance of plant fibres. While in very exceptional cases and under very favourable circumstances, fragments of baskets and cords have survived and were discovered in late Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sites, these objects are generally not preserved, especially in tropical regions. We report here indirect evidence of basket/tying material making found on stone tools dating to 39–33,000 BP from Tabon Cave, Palawan Philippines. The distribution of use-wear on these artefacts is the same as the distribution observed on experimental tools used to thin fibres, following a technique that is widespread in the region currently. The goal of this activity is to turn hard plant segments into supple strips suitable as tying material or to weave baskets, traps, and even boats. This study shows early evidence of this practice in Southeast Asia and adds to the growing set of discoveries showing that fibre technology was an integral part of late Pleistocene skillset. This paper also provides a new way to identify supple strips of fibres made of tropical plants in the archaeological record, an organic technology that is otherwise most of the time invisible.
Cracking double-blind review: Authorship attribution with deep learning
Authors: Bauersfeld Leonard , Romero Angel , Muglikar Manasi , Scaramuzza Davide
Published: June 2023

Double-blind peer review is considered a pillar of academic research because it is perceived to ensure a fair, unbiased, and fact-centered scientific discussion. Yet, experienced researchers can often correctly guess from which research group an anonymous submission originates, biasing the peer-review process. In this work, we present a transformer-based, neural-network architecture that only uses the text content and the author names in the bibliography to attribute an anonymous manuscript to an author. To train and evaluate our method, we created the largest authorship-identification dataset to date. It leverages all research papers publicly available on arXiv amounting to over 2 million manuscripts. In arXiv-subsets with up to 2,000 different authors, our method achieves an unprecedented authorship attribution accuracy, where up to 73% of papers are attributed correctly. We present a scaling analysis to highlight the applicability of the proposed method to even larger datasets when sufficient compute capabilities are more widely available to the academic community. Furthermore, we analyze the attribution accuracy in settings where the goal is to identify all authors of an anonymous manuscript. Thanks to our method, we are not only able to predict the author of an anonymous work but we also provide empirical evidence of the key aspects that make a paper attributable. We have open-sourced the necessary tools to reproduce our experiments.
Vision Transformer with hierarchical structure and windows shifting for person re-identification
Authors: Zhang Yinghua , Hou Wei
Published: June 2023

Extracting rich feature representations is a key challenge in person re-identification (Re-ID) tasks. However, traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based methods could ignore a part of information when processing local regions of person images, which leads to incomplete feature extraction. To this end, this paper proposes a person Re-ID method based on vision Transformer with hierarchical structure and window shifting. When extracting person image features, the hierarchical Transformer model is constructed by introducing the hierarchical construction method commonly used in CNN. Then, considering the importance of local information of person images for complete feature extraction, the self-attention calculation is performed by shifting within the window region. Finally, experiments on three standard datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
α-Synuclein seeding activity in duodenum biopsies from Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Vascellari Sarah , Orrù Christina D. , Groveman Bradley R. , Parveen Sabiha , Fenu Giuseppe , Pisano Giada , Piga Giuseppe , Serra Giulia , Oppo Valentina , Murgia Daniela , Perra Andrea , Angius Fabrizio , Hughson Andrew G. , Haigh Cathryn L. , Manzin Aldo , Cossu Giovanni , Caughey Byron
Published: June 2023

Abnormal deposition of α-synuclein is a key feature and biomarker of Parkinson’s disease. α-Synuclein aggregates can propagate themselves by a prion-like seeding-based mechanism within and between tissues and are hypothesized to move between the intestine and brain. α-Synuclein RT-QuIC seed amplification assays have detected Parkinson’s-associated α-synuclein in multiple biospecimens including post-mortem colon samples. Here we show intra vitam detection of seeds in duodenum biopsies from 22/23 Parkinson’s patients, but not in 6 healthy controls by RT-QuICR. In contrast, no tau seeding activity was detected in any of the biopsies. Our seed amplifications provide evidence that the upper intestine contains a form(s) of α-synuclein with self-propagating activity. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for PD in this biopsy panel were 95.7% and 100% respectively. End-point dilution analysis indicated up to 106 SD50 seeding units per mg of tissue with positivity in two contemporaneous biopsies from individual patients suggesting widespread distribution within the superior and descending parts of duodenum. Our detection of α-synuclein seeding activity in duodenum biopsies of Parkinson’s disease patients suggests not only that such analyses may be useful in ante-mortem diagnosis, but also that the duodenum may be a source or a destination for pathological, self-propagating α-synuclein assemblies.
Patterns of Drug Use in Geriatric Patients at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Mohd Altaf Dar  , Mudasir Maqbool  , Irfat Ara
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Geriatrics is a specialty of medicine that focuses on the health and well-being of the elderly. The elderly in India make up 12.8% of the world's total population. Elderly people sometimes have a wide range of health issues that necessitate the use of prescription medications to treat and avoid consequences. All other age groups use fewer drugs than the elderly do. The current study was done to determine the drug use patterns of elderly patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Jammu and Kashmir.

METHODS

This was a four-month-long study in a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir that used a prospective and observational approach. The patient case records, patient/patient caretaker interview at the bedside, prescription charts, and lab results were used to gather pertinent patient data for the study. After getting the patient's/patient caretaker's permission, patients who met the eligibility requirements were enrolled.

RESULTS

For a total of four months, 120 patients were included in the research. Patients in this study ranged in the age groups of 60 to 70 years (55.73%), 71 to 80 years (25.83%), 81 to 90 years (10.83%), and more than 90 years  (7.51 percent ). In this study, individuals with a wide range of illnesses were enrolled, including COPD (21 patients), hypertension (19 patients), diabetes (13 patients), IHD (9 patients), acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (7 patients), jaundice (4 patients), and pulmonary tuberculosis (6 patients).

CONCLUSIONS

It was found that poly-pharmacy is linked to a variety of side effects and interactions with medications, including an increase in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Drug interactions can be minimized if the prescribing physician receives assistance from a clinical pharmacist when designing a treatment plan.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Measurement on Postoperative Sore Throat
Authors: Hussein Talib Mohsin  , Mustafa Mohammed Salih  , Ali Ridha Hassoon
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Following general anaesthesia, up to 62% of patients experience postoperative sore throat. Despite the fact that it resolves on its own, efforts must be made to reduce it. We wanted to evaluate the difference between conventional method and instrumental measurement of cuff pressure in incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat in this study.

METHODS

A prospective observational study that included 150 adult patients aged < 50 years scheduled for elective surgical operation requiring general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation. They were divided randomly into two groups: Group A included 75 patients and the adequacy of cuff inflation was generally assessed clinically and group B included 75 patients and the adequacy of cuff inflation was generally assessed by using a cuff manometer.

RESULTS

Incidence of postoperative sore throat in all times was significantly lower in Group B than in Group A. Prevalence of mild postoperative sore throat after one hr. was significantly higher in group B than that in group A (94.1% versus 61.4%, P= 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Impaired tracheal mucosal blood flow was an important factor in the incidence of postoperative sore throat associated with tracheal intubation and recommended that a cuff inflation pressure of 30 cmH2O should not be exceeded.
Desafios e oportunidades educacionais e comunicacionais na sociedade da visualização
Authors: Uliana Barboza Eduardo Fernando
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo propõe o estudo reflexivo sobre os desafios comunicacionais e educacionais encontrados em meio a avalanche de dados e informações que recebemos todos os dias em nossos dispositivos digitais, sobrecarregando o sistema cognitivo e, provocando, muitas vezes, o que autores já chamam de ansiedade informacional. Para discutir essa temática, o trabalho aborda conceitos como sociedade do conhecimento, informação, gamificação, produções colaborativas e as transformações que estão acontecendo nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem impulsionadas, principalmente, pela mudança no comportamento do público jovem, denominado aqui como web atores.
Heutagogical Approach in Play and Games Courses of Early Childhood in Online Learning
Authors: Mursyida  , Munasti Kholida , Mardiana Elvi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to describe the use of hetagogy approaches in early childhood play and play courses during the online learning phase in the Early Childhood Islamic Education and Research Program at Sultan Taha Jambi National Islamic University. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lecture process will be conducted via distance learning. This is often called online education. However, the effect of absorbing teaching materials is reduced. Due to the lack of active interaction and being limited to online screens, different learning approaches, such as the hetagogy approach, are being used to re-streamline learning in the online classroom. Has been introduced. This study uses Miles and Huberman's interactive model as a case study of data analysis techniques. Data collection from interviews with 26 students and one lecturer. This research shows that students with a bullish approach encourage more active faculty-student interaction and collaboration, exchange ideas, critical thinking, independence, and successful communication research projects. By doing so, we demonstrate that we are having a positive impact.
Autonomía relacional en bioética
Authors: Kottow Lang Miguel
Published: June 2023

La bioética nace en Georgetown con la intención de reforzar la autonomía del paciente frente a una medicina intervencionista aplicada con tradicionales criterios paternalistas. El consentimiento informado es elaborado como la puesta en práctica de la autonomía “a secas” que, en la despersonalización que sufre la medicina medicalizada y mercantilizada, ha sido poco efectiva. En recientes decenios, con fuerte influencia feminista, se desarrolla la autonomía relacional, enfatizando que el ejercicio de decisiones autónomas depende de contextos sociales, criterios culturales, identidad biográfica, además de estar severamente limitada por condicionantes socioeconómicos negativos. Proclamar autonomía como un principio ha tenido escaso impacto en prácticas sociales, incluyendo la medicina. Aquí se propone fomentar la autonomía relacional mediante el recurso a las éticas relacionales: ética del reconocimiento (Hegel/ Honneth), ética de la resonancia (Rosa) y ética de la responsividad (Waldenfels). Complementariamente libertad individual y relacionalidad ética dependen de cultivar el cuidado de sí (Foucault).
Autonomía relacional en pediatría
Authors: Esquerda Aresté Montse , Cambra Francisco José , Bofarull Margarita
Published: June 2023

El respeto a la autonomía en la edad pediátrica supone un doble reto: por una parte, incorporar a los padres en la toma de decisiones y, por otra, incorporar de forma proporcional y progresiva al propio menor. A pesar del desarrollo legal y ético de la doctrina del menor maduro, hay poca evidencia de que se esté llevando a cabo de forma rutinaria en la práctica clínica ordinaria. Una de las dificultades es que, durante décadas, la discusión sobre la madurez y la competencia de los menores en la toma de decisiones sanitarias se ha enfocado con mayor frecuencia en aspectos normativos y legales que en la evidencia y la práctica clínica.
En pediatría, entender la autonomía desde un aspecto relacional permite incorporar factores vinculados al desarrollo y proceso de maduración, así como involucrar factores socioculturales, familiares, personales, psicobiográficos y de aprendizaje. El modelo de toma de decisiones compartida emerge en este ámbito de autonomía relacional.
nueva mirada sobre la autonomía y la enfermedad mental para el siglo XXI
Authors: Marijuan Angulo Mabel , Carneiro Paula
Published: June 2023

La concepción de la autonomía y de la participación en la vida común de las personas afectadas por enfermedades, daños o discapacidades neuropsíquicas ha evolucionado y con ello lo han hecho las relaciones asistenciales, que son la piedra angular de la asistencia psiquiátrica.
El texto recoge (a) una breve historia de la evolución de la relación entre la enfermedad mental y la inclusión social y la autonomía, (b) la descripción de las dimensiones funcional, ejecutiva y narrativa de la autonomía, más allá de la autonomía decisoria que nos ha venido centrando estas décadas y que se enfoca en la información, la capacidad y su evaluación y el consentimiento informado, (c) las condiciones y procesos del desarrollo moral que implican a la autonomía relacional y a la ética del cuidado y finaliza (d) señalando valores que pueden entrar en conflicto como la confidencialidad, la información veraz, la libertad de elección, las buenas prácticas asistenciales, la calidad de vida y deberes necesarios como ser hospitalarias, tener un enfoque integral, favorecer la participación y la autodeterminación y alentar la esperanza.
Breast Cancer Metastatic to Gluteus Maximus: A Case Report
Authors: Roh Simon , Xu Liyan
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer rarely metastasizes to skeletal muscle. Moreover, skeletal muscle is a rare site of metastasis for any type of cancer. In this study, we report an unexpected finding of an enlarged mass in the gluteus maximus of an asymptomatic patient with a distant history of breast cancer. The mass was observed during computed tomography evaluation in preparation for a non-oncologic procedure. Biopsy and pathological investigation confirmed breast cancer metastasis. An increased awareness of rare metastatic sites is important so that such lesions are critically evaluated during early imaging examination.