bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sirtuin 3 Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating TIGAR and Cardiomyocyte Metabolism
Authors: Li Lanfang , Zeng Heng , He Xiaochen , Chen Jian‐Xiong
Published: February 2021

Background

Impairment of glycolytic metabolism is suggested to contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we explored the roles of SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3) on cardiomyocyte glucose metabolism and cardiac function.

Methods and Results

Exposure of H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell lines to high glucose (HG) (30 mmol/L) resulted in a gradual decrease in SIRT3 and 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase isoform 3 (PFKFB3) expression together with increases in p53 acetylation and TP53‐induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) expression. Glycolysis was significantly reduced in the cardiomyocyte exposed to HG. Transfection with adenovirus‐SIRT3 significantly increased PFKFB3 expression and reduced HG‐induced p53 acetylation and TIGAR expression. Overexpression of SIRT3 rescued impaired glycolysis and attenuated HG–induced reactive oxygen species formation and apoptosis. Knockdown of TIGAR in cardiomyocytes by using siRNA significantly increased PFKFB3 expression and glycolysis under hyperglycemic conditions. This was accompanied by a significant suppression of HG–induced reactive oxygen species formation and apoptosis. In vivo, overexpression of SIRT3 by an intravenous jugular vein injection of adenovirus‐SIRT3 resulted in a significant reduction of p53 acetylation and TIGAR expression together with upregulation of PFKFB3 expression in the heart of diabetic db/db mice at day 14. Overexpression of SIRT3 further reduced reactive oxygen species formation and blunted microvascular rarefaction in the diabetic db/db mouse hearts. Overexpression of SIRT3 significantly blunted cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and improved cardiac function at day 14.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that SIRT3 attenuated diabetic cardiomyopathy via regulating p53 acetylation and TIGAR expression. Therefore, SIRT3 may be a novel target for abnormal energy metabolism in diabetes mellitus.
Lepanthes marielana (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae), a new species from the eastern Andes in Colombia
Authors: MORALES NICOLÁS GUTIÉRREZ , VIEIRA-URIBE SEBASTIÁN , MORENO JUAN SEBASTIÁN
Published: February 2021

Lepanthes marielana, a new orchid species of the eastern Andes of Colombia, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to Lepanthes clausa, also from the eastern Andes, but it can be distinguished by the echinate floral bracts, the light yellow with a central claret blotch flowers, the blades of the lip subfalcate with the apices surrounding the apex of the column and by the lip appendix subtriangular to oblong. Taxonomic and ecological notes are given.
Marijuana Legalization and Rates of Crashing Under the Influence of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Alcohol
Authors: Kruse Michelle , Perez Martin , Blatt Melissa , Zielonka Tania , Dolich Mathew , Keric Natasha , Schreiber Martin , Bini John , Hofmann Luke , Cohn Stephen M.
Published: February 2021

Objective

To determine if statewide marijuana laws impact upon the detection of drugs and alcohol in victims of motor vehicle collisions (MVC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of data collected at trauma centers in Arizona, California, Ohio, Oregon, New Jersey, and Texas between 2006 and 2018 was performed. The percentage of patients testing positive for marijuana tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was compared to the percentage of patients driving under the influence of alcohol (blood alcohol level >0.08 g/dL) that were involved in an MVC.

Results

The data were analyzed to evaluate the trends in THC and alcohol use in victims of MVC, related to marijuana legalization. The change in incidence of THC detection (percentage) over the time period where data were available are as follows: Arizona 9.5% (0.4 to 9.9), California 5.4% (20.8 to 26.2), Ohio 5.9% (6.7 to 12.6), Oregon 3% (3.0 to 6.0), New Jersey 2.3% (2.7 to 5.0), and Texas 15.3% (3.0 to 18.3). Alcohol use did not change over time in most states. There did not appear to be a relationship between the legalization of marijuana and the likelihood of finding THC in patients admitted after MVC. In fact, in Texas, where marijuana remains illegal, there was the largest change in detection of THC.

Conclusions

There was no apparent increase in the incidence of driving under the influence of marijuana after legalization. In addition, the changes in marijuana legislation did not appear to impact alcohol use.
“Let’s See if we can go a Whole Day on the Road Eating Free Food”: Encountering the Divine with Claire Dwyer in the Private Spaces of Richmond’s Highway to Heaven
Authors: Tse Justin KH
Published: February 2021

This article recounts the development of the author’s positionality in studying religion in a Canadian suburb through a collaborative project with the late feminist geographer of religion Claire Dwyer. The field site was No. 5 Road, the “Highway to Heaven” in Richmond, British Columbia with over 20 religious institutions on a three kilometre stretch of road. Building from Dwyer’s writing on “encountering the divine” through field work from 2010 to 2012, the author offers an account of a personal shift from evangelical religious exclusivism to an understanding of the plurality of interreligious experience. Using a reflexive writing style, the article works through the discovery that each of the religious communities on the road saw themselves as private spaces into which the collaborative researchers were invited. “Encountering the divine” therefore tended to take place over meals inside the various religious buildings, leading to the personal transformation that the author describes. This article contributes to religious studies by offering an account of how the act of ethnographic field work can lead to a shift within a researcher’s own positionality, which must be brought reflexively and explicitly to the fore through the practice of research.
Legacies of Resistance: Mobilization Against Organized Crime in Mexico
Authors: Osorio Javier , Schubiger Livia Isabella , Weintraub Michael
Published: February 2021

What are the legacies of armed resistance? Why do some communities engage in armed mobilization in response to violence, disorder, and insecurity, while others under very similar conditions do not? Focusing on mobilization against organized crime in contemporary Mexico, we argue that historical experiences of armed resistance can have lasting effects on local preferences, networks, and capacities, which can facilitate armed collective action under conditions of rampant insecurity in the long run. Empirically, we study the Cristero rebellion in the early 20th century and grassroots anti-crime mobilization in Mexico during recent years. Using an instrumental variables approach, we show that communities that pushed back against state incursions almost a century earlier were more likely to rise up against organized crime in contemporary times.
Modernity’s fears of depopulation and sterility in Mario Sironi’s urban landscapes
Authors: Poggioli-Kaftan Giordana
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on Fascist artist Mario Sironi’s urban landscapes as a site of modernity and its contradictions. With their gloomy buildings and deserted streets, Sironi’s landscapes highlight two of modernity's woes: The periferia of the “liberal” city and the fear for its inhabitants’ degeneration and sterility. In his “Il discorso dell’Ascensione,” Mussolini openly accuses industrial urbanism of its sterilizing effect on the Italian race, thus, jeopardizing his imperial ambitions. By giving an aesthetic form to the Regime’s fears, Sironi reaches two goals: The aestheticization of fascist politics, as described by Walter Benjamin, and the creation of the Soreal social myth that would ultimately propel Italians toward the resolution of their presumed problems. Moreover, the article suggests a reading of Sironi’s murals as an integral part of the urban landscapes’ reading and interpretation. The murals’ fascist imperial rhetoric would lose its referent should the Italian race succumb to physical degeneration and sterility.
Design and implementation of english learning platform for college school students based on virtual community and image processing technology
Authors: Wang Han
Published: February 2021

With the deepening internationalization of China’s economy and society, English has gradually become a common language for Chinese people to connect with the world, and plays an increasingly important role in daily life. At the same time, Chinese people’s mastery of English is gradually improving. Grasping the foundation of this period can effectively improve students’ English level, and it will play a very important role in further learning English or job hunting in the future. Therefore, how to improve the interest of college school students in English learning and improve their ability and level of English learning is particularly important. Virtual community refers to a group of people who communicate and discuss through the Internet and are willing to share some knowledge and information in the exchange, and gradually develop into a social network aggregation. This paper designs an English learning platform for college school students based on virtual community and image processing technology. The platform is developed with SSM framework. After the development, the platform is tested for college school students in several schools in Xi’an. The experimental results show that the system can effectively stimulate students’ interest in learning English, and then improve students’ vocabulary and academic performance, which provides an effective reference for the study of students’ learning methods.
Leaving no one behind: Intellectual disability during COVID-19 in Africa
Authors: Samboma Thabile A
Published: February 2021

Africa is one of the least developed continents with a larger population of people living with intellectual disability. Various literature shows that having a person with disability is more of a taboo or curse as communities continue to hide them. Infrastructure developments are not making life easier for people living with disability (PWD). During COVID-19, PWD are left behind from communications, online learning, and online business; they are not given personal protective equipment, and those are some of the things that continue to cripple the rights of PWD who continuously feel left behind.
Challenges in adapting field placement during a pandemic: A Jamaican perspective
Authors: Buchanan Cerita S , Bailey-Belafonte Sarah J
Published: February 2021

The field experience component of social work training had to be quickly adjusted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and various factors guided this process. This short essay briefly explores how information and technology, home visits, insurance and liability, and licensing and regulation have impacted the adjustment of social work field placements in Jamaica during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also highlights the different methods of field placements that have been used in light of the challenges.
Global standards for social work education and training
Authors: Ioakimidis Vasilios , Sookraj Dixon
Published: February 2021

This is the final document adopted at the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) and the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) General Assemblies in 2020. The updated Global Standards for Social Work Education and Training is the product of an extensive global consultation that lasted for more than 18 months and included a wide range of social work academics, practitioners and experts by experience across 125 countries, represented by 5 regional associations and engaging with approximately 400 universities and further education organisations. The consultation and publication process was co-ordinated by Professor Vasilios Ioakimidis (IFSW) and Professor Dixon Sookraj (IASSW).
Enhanced mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced magnesium composites with zirconia fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Tsukamoto Hideaki
Published: February 2021

This study aims to enhance carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced magnesium (Mg) matrix composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Ultrasonic treatment with organic solvent (DMAc) and dispersant (K2CO3) were used for the processes to make each CNT apart. Nano-order ceramic powders of zirconia (ZrO2) were found to be effective to keep uniform dispersion of CNT in Mg matrix. Low melting point metals such as Sn were added to fill voids and cracks in the composites. Post-SPS rolling was also employed aiming to improve the microstructures. The fabricated CNT-reinforced Mg composites were investigated on mechanical properties such as hardness and three-point bending strength to be related to the microstructures.
Rupture by impact-induced fatigue of a copper foil strip embedded in a multifunctional composite material
Authors: Ouroua Yacine , Abdi Said , Bachirbey Imene
Published: February 2021

Multifunctional composite materials are highly sought-after by the aerospace and aeronautical industry but their performance depends on their ability to sustain various forms of damages, in particular damages due to repeated impacts. In this work we studied the mechanical behavior of a layered glass-epoxy composite with copper inserts subjected to fatigue under repeated impacts with different energy levels. Damage evolution as a function of impact energy was carefully monitored in order to determine the effect of the copper inserts on mechanical characteristics of the multifunctional composite, such as endurance and life. Results of repeated impact tests show that electric current interruption in the copper inserts occurs prior to the total perforation of the composite material, and after about 75% of the total number of impacts to failure. This is the case for the three energy levels considered in this study, [Formula: see text] = 2, 3 and 4 Joules. The epoxy resin was dissolved chemically in order to preserve the mechanical structure of the damaged copper inserts and the composite fibers for further inspection and analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured copper inserts revealed interesting information on the nature of the damage, including information on plastic deformation, strain hardening, cracking mode, temperature increase during the impacts, and most importantly the glass fibers and their roles during the impact-fatigue tests.
Introducing the PeaceKeeping Operations Corpus (PKOC)
Authors: Amicarelli Elio , Di Salvatore Jessica
Published: February 2021

Scholars have used United Nations Secretary-General’s (UNSG) reports to extract information on peacekeeping operations (PKOs). As key peacekeeping political documents, UNSG reports contain much more information on the politics of peacekeeping. Furthermore, manually extracting information is costly and time-consuming. By providing a machine-readable collection of the UN Secretary-General’s Reports on PKOs (1994–2020), the PeaceKeeping Operations Corpus (PKOC) offers highly structured and multiformat text data that connect the peace and conflict research community to recent advancements in text-as-data techniques. Besides paving the way for the first quantitative content analyses on PKOs, PKOC speeds up and expands the range of information analysable from these documents and allows researchers to query them in a quicker, systematic and reproducible way. In this article, we discuss PKOC’s core characteristics. As illustration of the innovative potential of PKOC, we show how text-as-data approaches provide more nuanced understanding on PKOs’ evolution toward multidimensionality, both over time and within missions. While last generation PKOs are assumed to be multidimensional, we show how they vary in multidimensionality and how their complexity also changes throughout their life-cycle.
Lethal mechanisms in cases of inverted suspension from the lap component of seat belts
Authors: O’Donovan Siobhan , Langlois Neil EI , Heuvel Corinna van den , Byard Roger W
Published: February 2021

A retrospective review of autopsy files at Forensic Science South Australia in Adelaide, Australia, was undertaken over a five-year period from January 2014 to December 2018 for all motor vehicle crashes with rollovers ending with the vehicle inverted and the occupants suspended by the lap component of their seat belts. There were five cases, all male drivers (aged 18–67 years; Mage = 32 years). Acute neck flexion or head wedging was noted in four cases, with facial petechiae in four and facial congestion in one. Deaths were due to positional asphyxia in four cases, with the combined effects of positional asphyxia and head trauma accounting for the remaining case. Although all drivers had evidence of head impact which may have caused incapacitation, in only one case was this considered severe enough to have contributed to death. A blood alcohol level above the legal limit for driving was detected in two cases, but no other drugs were detected. This series demonstrates another subset of cases of seat belt–associated deaths where suspension upside down by the lap component of a seat belt had occurred after vehicle rollovers. Predisposing factors include incapacitation of the victim and delay in rescue. The postulated lethal mechanism involved respiratory compromise from the weight of abdominal viscera on the diaphragm, as well as upper airway compromise due to kinking of the neck and wedging of the head.
An Eight-Week Mindful Eating Program Applied in a Mediterranean Population With Overweight or Obesity: The EATT Intervention Study
Authors: Zervos Konstantinos , Koletsi Marsha , Mantzios Michael , Skopeliti Niki , Tsitsas Georgios , Naska Androniki
Published: February 2021

Background

Overweight and obesity are important public health priorities. Mindful eating can contribute in preventing automatic eating behavior and emotional dysregulation, both being primary causes of overeating and negative body image. This research outlines an eight-week mindful eating intervention (i.e., project EATT) focusing on people with overweight or obesity in assisting positive behavioral, psychological and physiological change.

Methods

Fifty-seven people residing in Athens were recruited to participate in this research, where participants were allocated to either an experimental or a waitlist condition. Changes in body weight, and eating attitude, mindfulness, self-compassion, anxiety questionnaires were administered at baseline and post-intervention, and at a 14-month follow-up.

Results

Results indicated that mindfulness and self-compassion increased significantly, while anxiety symptoms decreased. Significance was also observed in reduction of overeating symptoms and oral control. While a negative relationship was observed between anxiety and mindfulness, and anxiety and self-compassion, self-compassion was negatively associated with overeating episodes.

Conclusions

The intervention improved participants’ relationship with food and enabled changes towards successful weight regulation.
Atypical mucormycosis masquerading as non-resolving cavitatory pneumonia: A frequently misdiagnosed entity
Authors: Saini Ruchika , Syal Arshi , Gaba Saurabh , Gupta Monica , Arya Yajur
Published: February 2021

We are reporting an unusual case of cavitatory pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus who was treated successfully. This is a unique case of pulmonary mucormycosis masquerading as cavitatory pulmonary disease. A 45-year-old female presented with fever, chest pain, cough and breathlessness. She was also found to have very high blood glucose due to previously undiagnosed diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most common predisposing factor for mucormycosis. Our patient had uncontrolled diabetes and presented with bilateral cavitatory pulmonary lesions even in the absence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Appropriate investigations were ordered, and alternate causes of lung cavitation were diligently excluded. She was treated with amphotericin-B for three weeks followed by oral posaconazole for eight weeks with excellent outcome. A low threshold for detection as well as a differential of mucormycosis must be kept in immunocompromised patients presenting with cavitatory lung disease.
The COVID-19 Pandemic, the Courts and Online Hearings: Maintaining Open Justice, Procedural Fairness and Impartiality
Authors: Legg Michael
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing mandated health protections saw courts turn to communications technology as a means to be able to continue to function. However, courts are unique institutions that exercise judicial power in accordance with the rule of law. Even in a pandemic, courts need to function in a manner consistent with their institutional role and their essential characteristics. This article uses the unique circumstances brought about by the pandemic to consider how courts can embrace technology but maintain the core or essential requirements of a court. This article identifies three essential features of courts—open justice, procedural fairness and impartiality—and examines how this recent adoption of technology has maintained or challenged those essential features. This examination allows for an assessment of how the courts operated during the pandemic and also provides guidance for making design decisions about a technology-enabled future court.
An Examination of Two Biblical Cases for One Approach to the Sufficiency of Scripture
Authors: Hathaway William L.
Published: February 2021

This article explores the twofold key claim often made within the Biblical Counseling Movement: (1) that doctrine of the sufficiency of Scripture necessitates a Biblical counseling approach that is predominantly or exclusively derived from Scripture and (2) that the counseling approaches derived from the secular mental health professions are either unnecessary or so inherently defective as to be improper resources for counseling by Christians. Particular focus is given to two key passages used to support this perspective: 2 Peter 1:1–11 and 2 Timothy 3:1–17. It is argued that neither of these passages provide Biblical warrant for the sufficiency of Scripture doctrine as sometimes advanced by the Biblical counseling movement.
A visual terrain classification method for mobile robots’ navigation based on convolutional neural network and support vector machine
Authors: Wang Wanli , Zhang Botao , Wu Kaiqi , Chepinskiy Sergey A , Zhilenkov Anton A , Chernyi Sergei , Krasnov Aleksandr Yu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a hybrid method based on deep learning is proposed to visually classify terrains encountered by mobile robots. Considering the limited computing resource on mobile robots and the requirement for high classification accuracy, the proposed hybrid method combines a convolutional neural network with a support vector machine to keep a high classification accuracy while improve work efficiency. The key idea is that the convolutional neural network is used to finish a multi-class classification and simultaneously the support vector machine is used to make a two-class classification. The two-class classification performed by the support vector machine is aimed at one kind of terrain that users are mostly concerned with. Results of the two classifications will be consolidated to get the final classification result. The convolutional neural network used in this method is modified for the on-board usage of mobile robots. In order to enhance efficiency, the convolutional neural network has a simple architecture. The convolutional neural network and the support vector machine are trained and tested by using RGB images of six kinds of common terrains. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can help robots classify terrains accurately and efficiently. Therefore, the proposed method has a significant potential for being applied to the on-board usage of mobile robots.
Aircraft system modeling under turbulence conditions and aircraft adaptive turbulence compensation
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Wen Liyan , Yang Shaohua
Published: February 2021

An adaptive disturbance rejection control scheme is developed for solving the wind turbulence compensation problem. The turbulence wind studied in this paper is based on the mutual switch of several dominant wind directions. The linear models of aircraft under wind turbulence with different dominant directions are given. An adaptive controller is designed based on the model reference adaptive control when the aircraft encounters the wind turbulence in different dominant directions. Desired closed-loop system stabilization and output tracking have been proven. A simulation study on aircraft compensation has been presented to verify the effectiveness of our designed method.
Optimization method for prefabricated restroom envelope energy saving characteristics in hot summer and cold winter zone
Authors: Zhang Lirui , Zhang Hong , Xu Xu , Dong Ling
Published: February 2021

In order to reduce the restroom envelope energy consumption, one optimization method on basis of analyzing the influence of heat transfer coefficient on the performance of a prefabricated restroom envelope in a hot summer and cold winter zone was proposed. An energy-consuming model of prefabricated restroom in Nanjing is initially built based on Designer's Simulation Toolkit software. Subsequently, the effect of external walls, rooftops, external windows with various thermal characteristics on the building envelope is analyzed respectively. Simultaneously, a method that only changes the heat transfer coefficient of the prefabricated restroom envelope while keeping other parameters unchanged is adopted. Results show that, for a prefabricated restroom, the optimal range of heat transfer coefficient of the external wall, rooftop, and external window in hot summer and cold winter zone is 0.199∼0.22, 0.16∼0.19, and 3.0∼3.1 W/(m2·K), respectively. When the window-to-wall ratio is less than 0.2, the priority of the wall heat transfer coefficient on building energy consumption is higher than that of the rooftop heat transfer coefficient, simultaneously, the rooftop heat transfer coefficient has priority higher than window heat transfer coefficient. Thus, it is of great significance to optimize the design of the prefabricated restroom envelope in a hot summer and cold winter zone, which provides relative reference for thermal performance improvement of prefabricated restrooms.
Eccrine Hidradenoma of the Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Clinical Entity
Authors: Cheon Yong-Il , Kim Sung-Dong , Choi Kyung-Un , Cho Kyu-Sup
Published: February 2021

Eccrine hidradenoma is a relatively rare benign tumor of sweat gland origin but with possible malignant transformation. It usually consists of solitary, well-demarcated papules or nodules covered with normal skin. Common sites of involvement are the scalp, face, limbs, and anterior trunk. Although the lining of the nasal vestibule includes hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, an eccrine hidradenoma originating in the nasal vestibule has yet to be reported. Herein, we describe a rare clinical presentation of nasal eccrine hidradenoma, treated successfully using a transnasal endoscopic approach.
Professor–Student Interaction in the Midst of Illness: A Collaborative Autoethnography
Authors: Smith-Tran Alicia , Hang Tiffany Tien
Published: February 2021

This article explores the complexities of navigating professor-student interaction in the midst of serious illness. Using collaborative autoethnography, the authors describe the experience of a student’s multiple cancer diagnoses, and her professor’s thought processes in deciding the best ways to support her while staying attuned to expectations for professional-personal boundaries in academia. The authors argue that health crises necessitate blurring relational boundaries, thereby igniting empathy and uniting us as human beings despite academic status hierarchies. The analyses presented have implications for other widespread illnesses, such as COVID-19, as college faculty are compelled to regularly conduct their work and interact with students from home, further complicating professor-student communication and the barriers that separate professional and personal spheres.
A longitudinal study of early pretense: Metarepresentational or not
Authors: Kim Sunae , Kristen-Antonow Susanne , Sodian Beate
Published: February 2021

The metarepresentational aspect of early pretend play (make-believe activities where children create or participate in creating a new situation different from a real one) has been theoretically debated. In the present longitudinal study of N = 83 children, we tested for predictive relations of shared attention at 12–18 months, implicit false belief (FB) at 18 months, and pretend production at 18 months, as well as comprehension at 24 months. We also tested for long-term predictive relations of pretense production and comprehension with theory of mind (ToM) at the age of 4–5 years. Only pretense production directed toward others (but not self) was specifically related to infancy measures of shared attention. Early pretense, either production or comprehension, was not related to implicit FB or later ToM measures. The findings are discussed in terms of different theoretical accounts of early pretense.
Perceptions of talented university students related to opportunities and autonomy for creative productivity
Authors: Brandon Laurel , Reis Sally , McGuire Caroline
Published: February 2021

Creative, motivated, and high-achieving students are found in every college and university, but not all of these students participate in honors programs which might support their talent development. This comparative case study investigated the perceptions of 10 participants who completed university-level “Type III experiences.” It extends the sparse research on enrichment and gifted education pedagogy in undergraduate students, framed on Renzulli’s Four-Part Theoretical Model for Gifted Education in the 21st Century. Interviews explored students’ perceptions of the experience and effects on their executive functions and future plans. Using Strauss and Corbin’s technique of open, axial, and selective coding, one overarching theme of this study emerged: support provided for creative productivity led to autonomy and enabled students to complete advanced and creative projects.
More than carrots and sticks: Economic statecraft and coercion in China–Taiwan relations from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Lai Christina
Published: February 2021

China has become one of the most important trading partners for many Asian countries, and Taiwan is at the forefront of China’s economic coercion. It also leads to the following empirical puzzle: When can Beijing’s economic sanctions and incentives achieve their desired outcomes? Why and how do they often fail? Given the power asymmetry between China and Taiwan, how Taiwan resists China’s coercive measures contributes significantly to theoretical development in international relations. Taiwan has responded to Chinese economic pressure by diversifying its trade with and investment in Southeast Asian and South Asian countries to lessen dependence on China. It also securitizes China–Taiwan relations by raising public awareness about over-reliance on China’s market. Taiwan is not only a target of China’s coercion, but an active actor in its own right as well. This article re-evaluates the literature on East Asian politics and economic statecraft. First, it highlights the salience of power asymmetry to the field of economic statecraft. Second, it offers a three-level analysis of when and how China exercised economic coercion and incentives towards Taiwan. Third, it examines how Taiwan addressed Beijing’s sanctions on Chinese group tourists starting in 2016. The final section discusses some conclusions that can be drawn and suggests some avenues for future research.
Unpacking the democratic affordances of CrowdLaw concept and practice: ‘It feels like being part of the game’
Authors: Feddersen Mayra , Santana Luis E
Published: February 2021

This research draws on the CrowdLaw concept and the affordances framework to inquire how Senador Virtual, a technological innovation in the Chilean Senate, could contribute to creating more democratic processes and outcomes, and consequently, whether the platform promoted or enabled more equality in decision-making processes and better citizen engagement. Based on a mixed-methods approach of statistical analysis, interviews, and a digital ethnography, we studied the 16-year-old web platform. Our research shows that the platform gave rise to five latent democratic affordances which are not always fully leveraged. Of these, three had already been discussed within the CrowdLaw literature: (1) capture a variety of viewpoints; (2) generate insights that illuminate the lawmaking process; and (3) serve as a device for communication between citizens and senators. Notwithstanding, we also found two additional affordances not normally attributed to CrowdLaw: (4) create a civilized public forum; and (5) foster civility among the users that engage with it. We suggest that in order for these affordances to be fully leveraged, the CrowdLaw process must be designed to complement traditional lawmaking processes, including a reliable methodology for processing citizen input. Only when the above is accomplished, will this technological facilitator produce actual democratic outcomes.
Experiences of individuals with blindness or visual impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Hungary
Authors: Gombas Judit , Csakvari Judit
Published: February 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the measures of social distancing and national lockdown had a significant impact on everyday life. Individuals with BVI (blindness and visual impairment) are assumed to face increased barriers in numerous domains of their lives. This online survey research investigates, among Hungarian adults with BVI ( N = 132), the impact of the lockdown on their access to shopping, daily support needs, access to remote studies of higher education or work, and leisure habits. Respondents accounted for negative impacts of the lockdown on their participation and independence in all research topics. Issues of accessibility were common both concerning shopping for essential goods and access to remote study and work.
Description of content, structure and theoretical model of a group-based pain management programme in the treatment of patients with persistent non-specific low back pain and psychological risk factors in a secondary sector setting
Authors: Skovbo Mette Høj , Agerbo Karina , Jakobsen Anna , Clausen Stine Aalkjær , Langagergaard Vivian , Rolving Nanna
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To present the theoretical foundation and methodological considerations for a group-based pain management programme for patients with persistent non-specific low back pain and psychosocial risk factors.

Method:

The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was used as a framework for describing the content, structure and context of the program. The theoretical rationale underlying the pain management programme was described using the first three steps of the Intervention Mapping framework. The Fear-avoidance model and the Self-efficacy Theory were identified as the two main theories. These were used to establish specific factors addressed by the pain management programme as well as expected outcomes.

Intervention description:

A multidisciplinary, group-based programme using a cognitive-behavioural approach was developed. The programme consisting of six sessions of two hours duration, took place at a spine clinic at a regional hospital in Denmark. Psychoeducation and cognitive restructuring were specific strategies hypothesised to induce changes in outcome measures. The outcomes expected to change as a result of the intervention were disability, quality of life, sick leave and physical activity. A pilot study was performed, subsequent adjustments made and the final content and educational materials completed by January 2017.

Conclusion:

The theoretical foundation and underlying evidence for the hypothesised change mechanisms in the use of a cognitive-behavioural approach was presented. A theoretically sound and practically feasible intervention has been developed and its effectiveness is being determined in a randomised controlled trial, including 130 low back pain patients, which is currently underway.
Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplements on psychopathology and metabolic parameters in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Goh Kah K , Chen Cynthia Yi-An , Chen Chun-Hsin , Lu Mong-Liang
Published: February 2021

Background:

Several monotherapy and augmentation strategies have been introduced to improve the treatment of schizophrenia. The benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with mental disorders is becoming increasingly acknowledged. However, its role in the treatment of schizophrenia raises complex considerations about which there has been little consensus. The aim of this study was to synthesize the findings of randomized controlled trials that were conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature. The primary outcome was changes in psychopathology and the secondary outcomes were changes in metabolic parameters and safety profiles.

Results:

Twenty double-blind randomized controlled trials in 1494 patients were included. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augmentation was associated with significantly improved psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia, particularly general psychopathology and positive symptoms but not negative symptoms. Patients who were severely ill and received omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids containing eicosapentaenoic acid >1 g/d showed significant improvement. A favorable effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplements on serum triglycerides was also demonstrated. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are well-tolerated and safe in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

These findings tentatively support the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential augmentation strategy in schizophrenia. Further research in larger samples is warranted to clarify the optimal dosage and the correct proportions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to administer, together with elucidation of the underlying mechanisms.
A visibility-based approach to computing non-deterministic bouncing strategies
Authors: Nilles Alexandra Q , Ren Yingying , Becerra Israel , LaValle Steven M
Published: February 2021

Inspired by motion patterns of some commercially available mobile robots, we investigate the power of robots that move forward in straight lines until colliding with an environment boundary, at which point they can rotate in place and move forward again; we visualize this as the robot “bouncing” off boundaries. We define bounce rules governing how the robot should reorient after reaching a boundary, such as reorienting relative to its heading prior to collision, or relative to the normal of the boundary. We then generate plans as sequences of rules, using the bounce visibility graph generated from a polygonal environment definition, while assuming we have unavoidable non-determinism in our actuation. Our planner can be queried to determine the feasibility of tasks such as reaching goal sets and patrolling (repeatedly visiting a sequence of goals). If the task is found feasible, the planner provides a sequence of non-deterministic interaction rules, which also provide information on how precisely the robot must execute the plan to succeed. We also show how to compute stable cyclic trajectories and use these to limit uncertainty in the robot’s position.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of postpartum acute kidney injury
Authors: Shu Hong , Nie Fang
Published: February 2021

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognoses of patients with postpartum acute kidney injury (PPAKI).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentations, laboratory examinations, treatments, and outcomes of patients with PPAKI admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017. We then analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognoses of the mothers and their infants.

Results

Of 37 patients diagnosed with PPAKI, 26 (70.3%) received treatment in the intensive care unit, mainly for hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (28/37, 75.7%), pre-eclampsia (26/37, 70.3%), and postpartum hemorrhage (22/37, 59.5%). Twenty patients required renal replacement treatment (RRT), but renal recovery times were similar in the RRT and non-RRT groups. Renal function recovered completely in 30 patients (81.1%) and partially in one patient (2.7%), and was not re-examined in two patients (5.4%). Three patients (8.1%) were lost to follow-up. Only one patient (2.7%) remained dialysis-dependent, and no maternal deaths occurred. The preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant survival rates were 70.7% (29/41), 68.3% (28/41), and 78.0% (32/41), respectively.

Conclusion

RRT does not reduce renal recovery time compared with non-RRT. Overall, the prognoses of both mothers and their fetuses are good following treatment for PPAKI.
Comparison of clinical features of pulmonary cryptococcosis with and without central nervous system involvement in China
Authors: Xue Xinying , Zang Xuelei , Wang Lifeng , Lin Dongliang , Jiang Tianjiao , Gao Jie , Wu Chongchong , Ma Xidong , Deng Hui , Shen Dingxia , Pan Lei
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study aimed to compare the clinical features of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) in patients with and without central nervous system (CNS) involvement.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed demographics, presenting symptoms, radiographic features, and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with PC in 28 hospitals from 2010 to 2019. Risk factors for CNS involvement were analyzed using logistic regression models.

Result

A total of 440 patients were included, and 36 (8.2%) had CNS involvement. Significant differences in fever, headache, and chills occurred between the two groups (overall and with/without CNS involvement) for fever (17.8% [78/440]; 52.8% vs. 14.6% of patients, respectively), headache (4.5% [20/440]; 55.6% vs. 0% of patients, respectively), and chills (4.3% [19/440]; 13.9% vs. 3.5% of patients, respectively). The common imaging manifestation was nodules (66.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that cavitation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.552), fever (AOR = 4.182), and headache were risk factors for CNS involvement. Routine blood tests showed no differences between the groups, whereas in cerebrospinal fluid the white blood cell count increased significantly and glucose decreased significantly.

Conclusion

In patients with PC, the risk of CNS involvement increases in patients with headache, fever, and cavitation; these unique clinical features may be helpful in the diagnosis.
Quantitative susceptibility-weighted imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Meng-Yu , Chen Zhi-Ye , Li Jin-Feng , Xiao Hua-Feng , Ma Lin
Published: February 2021

Objective

To evaluate alterations in phase-shift values in the gray matter of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI).

Methods

Twenty patients with definite or probable ALS and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. SWI was performed using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Phase-shift values were measured in corrected phase images using regions of interest, which were placed on the bilateral precentral gyrus, frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and putamen.

Results

Phase-shift values of the precentral gyrus were significantly lower in ALS patients (−0.176 ± 0.050) than in the control group (−0.119 ± 0.016) on SWI. The average phase-shift values of the frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and putamen in ALS patients (−0.089 ± 0.023, −0.065 ± 0.016, −0.336 ± 0.191, and −0.227 ± 0.101, respectively) were not significantly different from those in the healthy controls (−0.885 ± 0.015, −0.079 ± 0.018, −0.329 ± 0.136, and −0.229 ± 0.083, respectively).

Conclusions

Compared with healthy controls, ALS patients had a lower phase-shift value in the precentral gyrus, which may be related to abnormal iron overload. Thus, SWI is a potential method for identifying ALS patients.
Acute-onset paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration secondary to neuroendocrine carcinoma with atypical prognosis: a case report
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Miao Yan , Ning Haoyong , Guo Feng , Bian Yang , Wang Qingqing , Sun Chenjing , Qi Xiaokun , Qiu Feng
Published: February 2021

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a neurological syndrome that is likely caused by tumor-induced autoimmunity against the cerebellum. Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a type of neoplasm with high-grade malignant histology and biological behavior. The prognosis for both PCD and NEC is typically poor. We report a case of PCD secondary to metastatic NEC in the lymph nodes, with an unknown primary origin. The case presented acute cerebellar manifestations with typical neuroimaging findings, but with atypical prognosis after lymph node dissection. Neurological symptoms can provide clues to potential tumors, and early antitumor treatment may have contributed to the positive prognosis of PCD secondary to NEC in the present case.
Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu , Kebede Sewnet Adem , Tusa Biruk Shalmeno
Published: February 2021

Objectives

We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ethiopia and to identify its associated factors.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of scientific databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect); the grey literature was also searched (Google, Google Scholar). Data were extracted from primary studies using a data extraction format and exported for statistical analysis. I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. Owing to heterogeneity among the included studies, we used a random-effects model to determine pooled estimates of ED. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s and Begg’s tests.

Results

The pooled prevalence of ED among patients with DM in Ethiopia was 54.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.2–80.5). Older age (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 2.83–6.00) and duration of DM (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.74–4.66) had statistically significant associations with ED.

Conclusion

One in two individuals with DM in Ethiopia also had ED. This finding highlights the need to integrate assessment and management of ED into routine medical care in diabetes follow-up visits. Special attention is recommended for patients with older age and a longer duration of DM.
The Language of Vision*
Authors: Cavanagh Patrick
Published: February 2021

The descriptions of surfaces, objects, and events computed by visual processes are not solely for consumption in the visual system but are meant to be passed on to other brain centers. Clearly, the description of the visual scene cannot be sent in its entirety, like a picture or movie, to other centers, as that would require that each of them have their own visual system to decode the description. Some very compressed, annotated, or labeled version must be constructed that can be passed on in a format that other centers—memory, language, planning—can understand. If this is a “visual language,” what is its grammar? In a first pass, we see, among other things, differences in processing of visual “nouns,” visual “verbs,” and visual “prepositions.” Then we look at recursion and errors of visual grammar. Finally, the possibility of a visual language also raises the question of the acquisition of its grammar from the visual environment and the chance that this acquisition process was borrowed and adapted for spoken language.