bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The inhibitory effect of a non-yessotoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, towards Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Quijano-Scheggia Sonia
Published: June 2016

The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has caused global concern, prompting the search for new compounds. Because of their abundance and diversity, marine phytoplankton are an important potential source of such compounds. Research on dinoflagellates has led to the discovery of inhibitors of bacterial growth. The marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum blooms in different regions of the world, including Mexico, and is also known to regulate the growth of other species in coastal waters. Here, we investigate the taxonomy of this dinoflagellate and characterize the ability of its extracts to inhibit the growth of two bacteria of medical importance (Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus) on agar culture plates. Taxonomic characterization was performed by PCR and gene amplification of ITS, and confirmed that the species isolated off the Pacific coast of Mexico was L. polyedrum. To prove the inhibitory effect of L. polyedrum extracts, cultures were harvested by centrifugation. Pellets from three cellular abundances were extracted with water, methanol, hexane and chloroform. The experiments on V. vulnificus showed a high growth inhibition for the four extracts, ranging from 77 to 98%. Surprisingly, the growth inhibition was lower when the extracts originated from a higher L. polyedrum cell abundance, ranging from 0 to 34%. For S. aureus, the growth inhibition was also high, but not statistically different for all extracts and cell abundances, ranging from 62 to 99%. This shows promise for future pharmacological applications. Our Mexican strain of L. polyedrum did not produce any detectable yessotoxins.
What deters plant colonization in a tropical pine plantation?
Authors: Baruch Zdravko
Published: June 2016

A forty year old Pinus caribaea plantation, surrounding the Universidad Simón Bolívar campus in Caracas (Venezuela), provides effective protection from erosion and mudslides. Owing primarily to past mismanagement, mainly lack of thinning, this exotic pine plantation is senescing rapidly. Assisted restoration aiming to attain a successional trajectory towards the neighbouring montane forest is the most realistic option for maintaining the plantation’s protective service and increase local biodiversity. Within the experimental constraints imposed by the small area of the plantation and its central protective role, we describe and analyse the effects of light and fertility limitation, litter accumulation and access to seed on plantation restoration. This experimental restoration trial is the first for a Neotropical pine plantation. Light availability was manipulated by clearing and thinning three 800 m2 main plots. Fertilization and needle litter removal (by fire and raking) was applied to sub-plots within the light plots. Soils were analysed, microclimate was monitored and, across 4 years, stem density, species richness and basal area were tallied. Light accessibility was the main factor predicting the successional trajectory of the plots, with varying grades of interaction with the sub-treatments. By the end of the fourth year, the cleared plot showed the largest responses in all traits (three times higher stem density and basal area and up to twenty times higher species richness) as compared to the thinned and control plots. Although difficult to establish, unimpeded access to seed dispersers probably contributed to this result. The main colonizers were Croton megalodendron, Ocotea fendleri, and Clusia spp; all dominant trees in the nearby native forest. At this stage, our results permit us to recommend the use of small sized clearings, repeated in 3-4 year cycles, for similar restoration schemes. They would generate a mosaic of patches at different successional stages maintaining the protective role of the vegetation cover while increasing local biodiversity. 
Establishment of catclaw plants (Mimosa biuncifera Benth.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in greenhouse and field drought conditions
Authors: Peña-Becerril Juan Carlos , Monroy-Ata Arcadio , Orozco-Almanza María Socorro , García-Amador Esther Matiana
Published: June 2016

More than half of Mexican territory is dominated by arid or semi-arid ecosystems. These environments are normally deteriorated by man-induced over-grazing by sheep and goats and the mainly vegetation types are xeric shrublands where thorny plant species are widespread, like catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera Benth., Fabaceae), wich is a nurse plant that promotes plant succession. In this view, the objective of this work was to determine the effect of inoculation with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on catclaw seedlings, in order to evaluate plant establishment and their growth under a dry treatment, both in greenhouse and field conditions. Initial question was if the mycorrhization of catclaw increases in a significative way the survival of plant individuals under field conditions. For this, catclaw plants were grown in a greenhouse in Mexico City, with a design consisting of two pot irrigation treatments, wet (W) and dry (D), and two soil treatments: with and without AMF inoculum (M+, M-). Each treatment had 20 repetitions. Weekly: height, mean diameter of coverage, leaf and pinnae number of plant individuals were recorded. After 20 weeks: fresh and dry biomass, relative growth rate, root/shoot ratio, real evapotranspiration, water use efficiency (WUE) and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization were determined. Later, dry treatment (M+ and M-) catclaw individuals were trasplanted to a semi-arid locality at the Mezquital Valley, in Central Mexico and their height, leaf number and survival was recorded monthly during one year. Results show that plants in the wet and mycorrhizal (WM+) treatment had grown higher, had larger plant coverage and had more pinnae than plants in the dry and mycorrhizal (DM+) treatment. Also, the mycorrhizal treatments (W and D) had higher WUE than plants in M-. In field conditions, after one year, survival of M+ plants was greater than witness. It was concluded that mycorrhization of M. biuncifera with native HMA inoculum increases its efficiency in biomass production (higher dry biomass per liter of irrigated water than non mycorrhizal plants) and that favors plant establishment and survival in field conditions. Finally, it could be recommended the AMF inoculation of catclaw plants to be used in revegetation programs of deteriorated semi-arid zones.
De masonería, diplomacia y otras lealtades fraternales: el rescate de Porfirio Díaz por un hermano masón
Authors: De Los Reyes-Heredia Guillermo
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se explora el papel que jugó Porfirio Díaz dentro de la masonería y su relación con dicha institución. Se analiza una de las historias que comprueban que Díaz logró ciertos beneficios gracias a su afiliación masónica desde antes que fuera presidente de México. Esta historia narra la manera en que Díaz logró entrar de contrabando a México con la ayuda de un hermano masón en 1876, después de su breve exilio en Nuevo Orleans a bordo del buque de vapor, “City of Havana”. En un principio se pensaba que ésta era simplemente una leyenda más del folklore que envuelve a la masonería. Sin embargo, dos testimonios, ambos de masones que iban en el mismo barco ratifican la historia que incluso el mismo historiador de la masonería norteamericana, William Deslow, catalogaba como un incidente, “no verificado.”

Asimismo, se describe cómo Díaz promovió la unificación de las logias del rito escocés en una institución que se llamó La Gran Dieta Simbólica. La razón principal por la cual Díaz promovió tal unificación, como se afirma en este artículo, fue para llevar a cabo su plan de pacificación nacional. Díaz sabía que tenía que obtener el control de la masonería para evitar que ésta le causara problemas para lograr el orden y progreso que caracterizó a su gobierno. Por tal motivo, el dictador siempre vigiló que ni la masonería, ni cualquier otra institución que hubiera podido tener cierta influencia en la sociedad estuvieran fuera de su control.
María Montessori y la educación cósmica
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: June 2016

La etapa de Montessori en la India fue uno de los periodos más enriquecedores en la vida de Maria Montessori. Allí escribió y publicó La Mente Absorbente del niño, y una serie de libros fundamentales. En su obra La educación de las potencialidades humanas desarrolló los principios de la “Educación Cósmica” que adaptó para el currículo de Primaria. Invitada en 1939 a dar unas conferencias en la India por el Presidente de la Sociedad Teosófica, Montessori y su hijo, se vieron atrapados por el estallido de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y su posterior desarrollo. Tenía 69 años cuando llegó a Madrás. Permaneció diez años. Pero nada sería igual que antes. Había una Montessori antes de la India, y otra mucho más profunda después. Cuando regresaba a Europa declaró, a los que le preguntaban qué había hecho en la India: “creo que he aprendido a aprender, como el Niño”.
Historical Configurations of Freemasonry in Belgium: Secularity, Politics, Fragmentation
Authors: Tyssens Jeffrey
Published: June 2016

Si la masonería belga era una sociabilidad a problemática durante una gran parte del siglo XVII, esta dinámica se transformó a partir de la anexión de Bélgica a Francia y a los Países Bajos a finales del siglo XVIII y durante las primeras décadas del XIX. Un conjunto de nuevas logias con una gran cantidad de nuevos miembros, principalmente burgueses generaron progresivamente una masonería que iba a ser cada vez más anticlerical y políticamente abierta como el núcleo duro del partido liberal del país. En este artículo muestra cómo durante la secularización de sus discursos y prácticas, el Gran Oriente belga estaba a la vanguardia de lo que comúnmente se llamó la masonería “latina”. Sin embargo, aprincipios del siglo XX, cuando la democracia de masas cambió la identidad del país y las primeras simpatías socialistas se desarrollaron en las logias, se inició un proceso de despolitización, más o menos completado, después de la Primera Guerra Mundial. La configuración masónica belga entonces tendió a la fragmentación. Este proceso se inició a principios del siglo XX y continuó hasta los inicios del XXI, donde los debates sobre la cuestión de la regularidad y aún más por la impugnación de la exclusividad de género de las grandes logias masculinas por las masonerías mixtas o femeninas. Si bien se rompió la antigua unidad organizativa, sin embargo, se pudo desarrollar una convivencia relativamente benigna.
Riolittufa mállásának hatása a talajok vízvezető képességére
Authors: Bakacsi Zsófia , Koós Sándor , Nagymarosy András , László Péter
Published: June 2016

A kovával átitatott, alig mállott riolittufát feltáró fúrásban élénk vízmozgás volt megfigyelhető a fizikai aprózódás során felnyílt kőzetrepedéseknek köszönhetően, a mérések alapján számolt hidraulikus vezetőképessége a vályog–homokos vályog fizikai talajféleségű szintekéhez hasonló.

A megjelenése alapján „vulkáni homok”-ként aposztrofált, mállott riolittufa víz-vezető képessége az előzetesen vártnál kisebb volt, nagyságrendekkel maradt el a „tényleges” homok vezetőképességétől, megjelenése jelentősen lelassította a szel-vényekben tapasztalt vízmozgást; számolt hidraulikus vezetőképessége nagyság-rendileg az agyagos vályogéhoz áll közel. A tapasztalt jelenség oka egyrészt az, hogy a mállás során a kőzetrepedések eltömődtek, eltűntek, másrészt pedig az, hogy a mállott agyagos rész a durvább szemcséjű „mállási maradék” pórusterébe üleped-ve a nedvességmozgás számára rendelkezésre álló pórusteret jelentősen lecsökken-tette.

Az eredmények azt jelzik, hogy a szőlőterületek termőhelyi adottságait meghatá-rozó tényezők értékelésénél nemcsak a felszínközelben található kőzet típusát, de annak mállottsági fokát is figyelembe kell venni.

Munkánkat a Tokaj Kereskedőház Zrt. támogatta.
Műtrágyázás tartamhatásának vizsgálata akácosban
Authors: Harta István , Gulyás Miklós , Füleky György
Published: June 2016

A Gödöllői Agrártudományi Egyetemen 1970-ben 1 hektáros kísérleti területet hoztak létre, ahol 16 éven keresztül vizsgálták különböző műtrágyakezelések (N, P, K) kukorica monokultúrára gyakorolt hatását. Ezt követően összesen 6 t·ha-1 mennyiségű CaCO3-ot juttattak ki a kísérleti terület felére, majd 1995-ben a terület-re fehér akácot telepítettek. A munka során a nagy mennyiségű, komplex műtrágyá-zás hosszú távú hatását vizsgáltuk 20 éve telepített akácállomány szerkezeti para-métereire. Ehhez 48 mintaparcellát jelöltünk ki (4x12 műtrágya-kezelés) úgy, hogy minden kezeléscsoportból egy-egy ismétlés legyen.

A legfontosabb meghatározott paraméterek a törzsszám, a törzstávolság, a lomb-korona-záródás, a cserjeszint-záródás, a körlapösszeg, az átlagos mellmagassági átmérő, az átlagmagasság és a fatérfogat voltak. Ehhez a mintaterületen található 369 db akác mellmagassági átmérőit és 40 mintafa magasságát mértük meg.

A statisztikai elemzés során kéttényezős varianciaanalízist és korreláció-analízist alkalmaztunk.

Az eredmények alapján minden szerkezeti paraméter esetében szignifikáns kü-lönbség volt, a kezelések tehát hatással voltak az akácos szerkezetének alakulására. A lineáris korrelációvizsgálat eredményei szerint a kijuttatott tápanyagok és a me-szezés hatásai komplex formában jelentkeznek. A kijuttatott foszfor- és kálium csak a lombkorona-záródásra mutatott gyenge korrelációt. A kijuttatott nitrogén ható-anyagra sem lehet korrelációt megállapítani. Ennek oka valószínűleg az, hogy a nagy mennyiséget kapott parcellákon csökkent a légköri nitrogénfixáció. A mesze-zés hatására több helyen adódott szignifikáns különbség, tehát a kijuttatott CaCO3 hatással volt az egyes elemek felvehetőségére, így az állomány szerkezeti paraméte-reire. A meszezés hatása leginkább a növőtér nagyságában és a cserjeszint záródá-sában mutatkozik meg. A csökkent növőtér eredményeképp az egyes szerkezeti paraméterek (átlagos mellmagassági átmérő, átlagmagasságok) értékei csökkentek, ez azonban nem okozta a hektáronkénti fatérfogatok alacsonyabb értékét.

A kijuttatott műtrágyaadagok növelték a faállomány térfogatát, a termőhely mi-nősége ellenére jó-közepes fatermési osztályokat lehet megállapítani. A kis parcel-laméretek és az erdők tápanyagforgalmának sajátosságai miatt az állomány egyes paraméterei a kiegyenlítődés irányába mutatnak.
A metabenztiazuron fotokémiai bomlása különböző adalékanyagok jelenlétében
Authors: Lányi Katalin , Laczay Péter , Lehel József
Published: June 2016

A növényvédő szerek a talajban számos abiotikus és biotikus átalakulási folya-maton mehetnek keresztül. A talajt alkotó anyagok hatását különböző adalékanya-gokkal lehet modellezni. Kutatásunk során titán-dioxidot, agyagásványt, humusz-anyagokat, és benzofenont – töltésátviteli komplex kialakítására – használtunk erre a célra. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy felmérje a metabenztiazuron (MBTA) termé-szetes körülmények között lehetséges bomlási útvonalait.

A herbicid molekula és a benzofenon között kialakult töltésátviteli komplextől azt vártuk, hogy az energia transzfer hatékonyabbá tételével segítse a bomlást. A kísérletünk eredményei igazolták ezt a várakozást, mivel a metabenztiazuron bomlása a benzofenon jelenlétében volt a leggyorsabb. A huminsav eredő hatása a bomlás enyhe gátlása volt. A titán-dioxid és a montmorillonit kis mértékben növelte a metabenztiazuron fotokémiai bomlásának sebességét, de a titán-dioxid esetében ez nem tekinthető jelentős hatásnak.
Geostatisztika a talajtérképezésben – Szemle –
Authors: Szatmári Gábor , Pásztor László
Published: June 2016

Az 1980-as évek elejétől kezdődően a geostatisztikai módszerek és a regio-nalizált változók elmélete egyre szélesebb körben került felhasználásra a talajtérké-pezésben, illetve a tágabb értelemben vett talajtani kutatásokban. Ez annak tulajdo-nítható, hogy a talaj ideális médium a geostatisztika megközelítéseire, mely a talaj-tanos szakemberek részéről számos elméleti, illetve gyakorlati fejlesztést eredmé-nyezett, mint például a nem normál eloszlások kezelhetősége, a nem stacionárius valószínűségi függvények, illetve a lokális és térbeli bizonytalanság értékelése. A talajtérképezés szemlélete és gyakorlata drasztikusan megváltozott a geostatisz-tikának köszönhetően, hisz számos talajtulajdonság térbeli változékonysága mutat folytonosságot a térben (és időben egyaránt), mely a geostatisztika megközelítései-vel sikeresen modellezhető. Napjaink digitális talajtérképezése nagymértékben támaszkodik a geostatisztika nyújtotta lehetőségekre, melyre számos hazai és nem-zetközi példát találunk.

Dolgozatunk legfőbb célja az volt, hogy bemutassuk, miként is változott a talaj-térképezés szemlélete és gyakorlata az 1980-as évektől egészen napjainkig illetve, hogy miként is adaptálták a geostatisztikai megfontolásokat és a regionalizált válto-zók elméletét a talajtérképezésben, illetve a tágabb értelemben vett talajtani kutatá-sokban. Emellett bemutattuk a térinformatikai szoftverek potenciálját a geosta-tisztikai elemzésekben és a talajtulajdonságok digitális térképezésében. Ugyanakkor rámutattunk arra is, hogy a térinformatikai eszköztárak nem megfelelő használata téves eredményre és következtetésre vezethet, melynek oka lehet a mögöttes kon-cepciók ismeretének a hiánya, illetve bizonyos félreértelmezések. Ezért munkánk-ban bemutattunk néhány fontosabb fogalmat (például: a stacionaritást), mely elen-gedhetetlen kelléke a geostatisztikai modellalkotásnak, ugyanakkor számos félreér-telmezés okozója is. Továbbá rávilágítottunk a feltáró variográfia szerepére, illetve az azt kiegészítő szakmai ismeretek fontosságára, melyek segítségével a geostatisztika hasznos eszköze lesz a talajban lejátszódó jelenségek térbeli modelle-zésének és megértésének.

Munkánkat a K105167 OTKA pályázat támogatta.
Robin Ryan in conversation with Mark Cain: Kernels of Discovery
Authors: Ryan Robin , Cain Mark
Published: June 2016

In contributing to the practice and production of Perth’s vibrant music scene since the 1980s, the Western Australian musician, inventor and instrument-maker Mark Cain (b. 1955) has remained true to a non-commercial instinct to construct wind instruments from discarded PVC piping and, more recently, glove pipes, compressed-air panpipes and bottle reedpipes. In dialogue with Robin Ryan, Cain demystifies the cul-de-sacs and tangents associated with the design and manufacture of instruments and sound gardens made from the simplest of natural and recycled materials. Futuristically, his largely whimsical creations prefigure a musical soundscape that will increasingly depend on locally made, sustainable instruments. In providing common ground for discursive mediation between performance-based and research-based constructs of environment, this conversation strengthens Appadurai’s (1986) notion that ‘Instruments are social things with histories and careers … not what they are made to be, but what they become as they circulate and mutate’.
Best Practices in Teaching Residents on Internal Medicine Wards
Authors: Kohler Richard , Fadel William , Wright Curtis , Hui Siu , Tierney William
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Faculty development in clinical teaching can be challenging due to time constraints with limitations of evaluative and educational processes. Purpose: The objective was to determine what residents value most in clinical teachers and if the Stanford Faculty Development Programs' (SFDP) evaluation tool captures all important items. Methods: We analyzed three years of learner comments according to 52 teacher themes. Forty-nine themes came from a contemporary, comprehensive literature review. Three novel themes were added based upon a faculty survey. Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests were used to compare each theme between the highest and lowest rated faculty. A linear regression model was utilized to determine how well the SFDP evaluation categories correlated with a single-item measure of overall teaching effectiveness for each theme calculating differences between observed and predicted scores (residuals). In order to identify whether any of the themes contribute to overall teaching effectiveness, but were not captured by the SFDP tool, we used Spearman's coefficients to assess the correlation between the residuals, the seven SFDP categories, and the 52 themes. Results: Eight themes were significantly different between the lowest and highest rated faculty. These themes included: "practices evidence-based medicine," "shows enthusiasm for medicine," "dedicates time to teaching," "demonstrates enthusiasm for teaching," "supervised adequately," "demonstrates knowledge of teaching skills," stimulates or inspires trainees' thinking," and "acts as a role model." The regression model explained 93.5% of the variability in the single-item scores between the two groups. Two themes ("is efficient and "acts as a role model") were significantly correlated with the residuals from the regression model. However, both correlated with at least one SFDP category. Conclusions: Residents value certain teaching themes more highly than others, and these should be emphasized in faculty development. The SFDP tool excels in capturing good teaching traits.
Flora de la cima de la Mesa Alta, Jerez, Zacatecas, México
Authors: Ramírez-Prieto Juan , Koch-Olt Stephen , Balleza-Cadengo José de Jesús , Adame-González Miguel , Romero-Nápoles Jesús
Published: June 2016

A floristic inventory on summit of the Mesa Alta was conducted, which is located 5 km northeast of El Cargadero town, in the municipality of Jerez in the central region of Zacatecas state, Mexico. The maximum elevation of the Mesa Alta is 2,750 m. Floristic similarity between the different slopes of the summit was evaluated. Geographical distribution patterns were also studied. The results show that the flora consists of 61 families, 157 genera and 237 species. Based in the geographic exposure, the largest number of species found at the summit (163 species), followed by the western slopes (122), north (56), south (41) and east (40). None of these floras is grouped with more than 50 % similarity. The geographical distribution of flora shows that Ninety-five species of the studied flora have Neotropical ancestry, 77 are native to Mexico and 65 have Holartic ancestry. Two species are reported in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, Dasylirion acrotrichum and Echinocereus pulchellus. The floristic richness of the top of the Mesa Alta is similar to other areas of the country with coniferous forests. The difference between the slopes and summit is related to its specific characteristics of topography, slope, soil, and exposure time. The results support the proposal to enact the mountain range in which Mesa Alta is as a Natural Protected Area and provide the basic information for future flora comparisons among the peaks in Zacatecas.
Maderas fósiles de la Formación San Carlos (Cretácico Superior), Chihuahua, México
Authors: García-Hernández Imelda Perla , Estrada-Ruiz Emilio , Martínez-Cabrera Hugo Israel
Published: June 2016

En los sedimentos de la Formación San Carlos (Cretácico Superior, Conaciano-Maastrichtiano) se han recolectado un gran número de maderas fósiles que corresponden principalmente a coníferas y en menor proporción a angiospermas. De este material, se describen dos nuevos registros con base en estructuras vegetativas, el primero corresponde a una conífera que presenta caracteres del género Agathoxylon como son: anillos de crecimiento indistinguibles, punteaduras predominantemente uniseriadas y ocasionalmente alternas biseriadas, punteaduras de campo de cruzamiento de tipo (tipo oculiporo) cupresoide, de 1 a 3 por campo de cruzamiento y radios predominantemente uniseriados. El segundo morfotipo se relaciona con Paraphyllanthoxylon anasazi (cf. Lauraceae), madera que se caracteriza por presentar vasos solitarios y en múltiplos radiales cortos, placas de perforación simples, punteaduras intervasculares alternas y pequeñas, punteaduras vaso-radio con bordes reducidos y radios heterocelulares, multiseriados hasta cuatro células de ancho. Estos nuevos registros fortalecen la creciente evidencia que sugiere un estrecho vínculo florístico entre las floras del norte de México y centro-sur de EUA durante el Cretácico Superior.
Bioaccumulation and changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of Prosopis juliflora exposed to copper
Authors: Michel-Lopez Claudia Yared , Espadas-Gil Francisco , Fuentes-Ortiz Gabriela , Santamaria Jorge M. , González-Mendoza Daniel
Published: June 2016

The effect of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities and bioaccumulation in different tissues of Prosopis juliflora was investigated using three CuSO4 concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mM) added under hydroponic conditions. Copper concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 48 h of copper stress. The results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of 50 and 100 mM Cu2+ resulted in a significant accumulation of this metal mainly in roots compared with control roots. On the other hand, our result showed a significant reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F v /F m ) and the activity of photosystem II (Fv/F0) ratios in P. juliflora leaf treated with 100 mM Cu2+ with respect to control after 4h of exposure. These changes suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus of P. juliflora was the primary target of the Cu2+ action. Therefore the information provided by this short-term (48 h) experiment in P. juliflora showed that several physiological processes are activated, in which the copper uptake by roots and their accumulation in tissues play a central role. In conclusion, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used as a useful physiological tool to assess early changes in photosynthetic performance of P. juliflora in response to copper pollution in short-term. Finally, the present study showed that  P. juliflora is a promising prospect for heavy metals phytoremediation purposes occurring in arid and semi-arid climates in the northwest Mexico.
Avoiding amnesty in the age of accountability: Colombia’s proposal for alternative sentencing
Authors: Savini Lucía E. M.
Published: June 2016

One of the more conspicuous symptoms of the anti-impunity movement in transitional justice is a growing objection towards the use of amnesty. While international standards are slowly but surely building a legal barricade to prevent amnesty and impunity, states are searching for alternative measures capable of persuading hostile actors to demobilize. One promising solution to this is Colombia’s proposal for prosecutions accompanied by alternative sentencing under the Marco Jurídico de la Paz, which aims to demobilize the guerillas and end a 50-year conflict. But for this proposal to be a genuine alternative to amnesty rather than a political attempt to avoid international legal obligations, it must satisfy victims’ requirements for truth, justice and reparations. This paper examines the potential use of alternative sentencing as a mechanism of transitional justice within the scope of the “age of accountability”.

Received: 31 March 2015
Accepted: 15 October 2015
Published online: 11 December 2017
La coherencia entre los marcos normativos de Naciones Unidas, la Unión Europea y el Estado español. El caso de las políticas de cooperación y la dimensión exterior de la política migratoria
Authors: Azkona Nerea
Published: June 2016

This article aims to clarify the coherence between the policies of cooperation and migration of the Spanish State as a member of the EU and the United Nations. We have considered the crossroads of the concepts of development, migration and cooperation development in the scope of work of the CPD, which advocates shared responsibility in the field of migration and development. If the objective of the development cooperation is the creation of conditions that favour the development of societies and people in conditions of poverty and exclusion, are the migration policies consistent with this objective? What degree of inconsistency are we willing to take?

Received: 31 May 2015
Accepted: 15 October 2015
Published online: 11 December 2017
Comunidades solidarias: confesiones religiosas minoritarias y su función integradora
Authors: Bilbao Urkidi Saioa
Published: June 2016

This article focuses on the way in which three different communities belonging to religious minorities approach to the task of both granting mutual support among their respective members, and making a contribution to the wider Basque society. By promoting solidarity, these communities become of paramount relevance in the life of their members and attract new ones. We use the category of bonding social capital as analytical tool.

Received: 31 June 2015
Accepted: 15 October 2015
Published online: 11 December 2017
Use of densified complete feed blocks as ruminant feed for sustainable livestock production: A review
Authors: Karangiya V. K. , Savsani H. H. , Ribadiya N. K.
Published: June 2016

Livestock play a central role in the natural resource-based livelihood in developing countries. The area under green forage crops is shrinking due to increase in human population and urbanization. As a result, the bulk of feeds available for ruminants in these regions are the crop residues. Manufacture of Densified Complete Feed Blocks (DCFBs) is an innovative technology to supply balanced feeds to livestock in the tropics. The first step in the process of making DCFBs is the grinding and mixing of concentrate ingredients separately. This is followed by adding concentrate components to chopped straw in desired proportions along with molasses in a mixer, taking care that mixing is uniform and ingredients are not separated due to gravity. Finally, the desired quantity of straw-concentrate mix is transferred to a hydraulic press to convert the mix into a block. Based on the productivity levels of animals, DCFBs could play an important role in providing balanced rations to livestock in the tropical regions of green forage scarcity. The technology offers a means to increase milk production, decrease in environmental pollutants, increase in income of farmers, decrease in labour requirement and time for feeding and reduction in transportation cost of straw. The technology also has the potential to provide complete feed to livestock under emergency situations created by natural calamities.
Analysis of gene effects governing yield and yield traits in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Singh* R.S. , Singh M.N.
Published: June 2016

The six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of twelve cross combinations of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) were studied during 2003-2006 for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield per plant. The means of six generations were subjected to detect main gene effects and interactions. The estimates of six parameter model revealed that both additive and dominant gene effects were important in all the crosses for almost all the traits. However, the relative contribution of dominant gene effects was much higher than additive gene effects for plant height, pods per plant and seed yield per plant. Higher frequency of duplicate type of epistasis also confirms the prevalence of dominance gene effects for above traits except for seed yield per plant.
Genetic characterization of Spanish lentil landraces (Lens culinaris Medik.) by biochemical markers
Authors: Cristóbal M.D. , Herrero* B.
Published: June 2016

Diversity analysis and a genetic structure study of 25 lentil landraces (Lens culinaris Medik.) from the northern east part of the Iberian Peninsula were carried out. 8 isozymes: PGI, PRX, LAP, 6PGD, GOT, SKDH, PGM and ME, have been used for this purpose having found 17 loci for them, with 52.94% polymorphic loci and a total amount of 21 alleles. All populations show between 18 and 26 alleles. Genetic distance (D) was 0.123. Diversity parameters show similar or higher levels compared to other autogamous plant populations. They show an heterozygote defect. Coefficient of homozygotes among populations (GST) value 0.414, was similar to Inbreeding coefficient among populations (FST) that was 0.454. Main component analysis showed that the most important isozymes in the characterization process were GOT-3 and PGM-2. Four groups of populations were obtained by cluster analysis. This information reveals new data for improving their use in the germplasm banks for crop programs.
Differential analysis of vegetative growth characters for developing stay green wheat
Authors: Singh Naresh Pratap , Vaishali
Published: June 2016

Today, the ecological cycle is changing day by day due to some environmental changes, therfore, efficient efforts should be made to develop improved crops which can give better yield with good quality. Stay green trait is one of the major characters of the crop to sustain under abiotic stresses. The stay green trait directly maintain the longer photosynthetic period and chlorophyll content by delaying leaf senescence. In the present study, ten wheat varieties viz. HUW 510, C 306, Sonalika, HD 2135, HD 2177, VL 401, K 9162, RAJ 3765, K 68, K 7410 were collected to develop the stay green genotype. The seeds of these ten wheat varieties were treated with 1.25% EMS for 60 minutes. After EMS treatment, the two wheat varieties K 7410 and RAJ 3765, performed better in terms of yield components like seeds per spike, 1000 grain weight. The photosynthesis rate was found to be maintained or somewhat increased in K 7410 and RAJ 3765 from 24.43 to 26.00μmol/m2sec and from 22.57 to 24.57μmol/m2sec respectively after the treatment. So, the EMS treatment is found to be significant for developing stay green genotypes which may be resistant to abiotic stress like drought, high temperature etc.
Multigroup Moderation Test in Generalized Structured Component Analysis
Authors: Mulyanto Angga Dwi , Solimun Solimun , Wardhani Ni Wayan Surya , Suharno Suharno
Published: June 2016

Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) is an alternative method in structural modeling using alternating least squares. GSCA can be used for the complex analysis including multigroup. GSCA can be run with a free software called GeSCA, but in GeSCA there is no multigroup moderation test to compare the effect between groups. In this research we propose to use the T test in PLS for testing moderation Multigroup on GSCA. T test only requires sample size, estimate path coefficient, and standard error of each group that are already available on the output of GeSCA and the formula is simple so the user does not need a long time for analysis.
Parameter Estimation of Structural Equation Modeling Using Bayesian Approach
Authors: Sari Dewi Kurnia , Wardhani Ni Wayan Surya , Astutik Suci
Published: June 2016

Leadership is a process of influencing, directing or giving an example of employees in order to achieve the objectives of the organization and is a key element in the effectiveness of the organization. In addition to the style of leadership, the success of an organization or company in achieving its objectives can also be influenced by the commitment of the organization. Where organizational commitment is a commitment created by each individual for the betterment of the organization. The purpose of this research is to obtain a model of leadership style and organizational commitment to job satisfaction and employee performance, and determine the factors that influence job satisfaction and employee performance using SEM with Bayesian approach. This research was conducted at Statistics FNI employees in Malang, with 15 people. The result of this study showed that the measurement model, all significant indicators measure each latent variable. Meanwhile in the structural model, it was concluded there are a significant difference between the variables of Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment toward Job Satisfaction directly as well as a significant difference between Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance. As for the influence of Leadership Style and variable Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance directly declared insignificant.
Representation of Graph Theory in Students’ Communication Network at Female Students’ Dormitory of State Islamic Institute of Palopo
Authors: Aswad Muhammad Hajarul , Husain Wahyuni
Published: June 2016

The application of Graph Theory Concept in Communication Network Analysis is interesting to observe. This research was carried out to learn how Communication Network structure was formed and who had necessary role in the network. It was explorative research and conducted at Female Students’ Dormitory of State Islamic Institute of Palopo (Asrama Putri IAIN Palopo). The results were interpreted by using Microsoft NodeXL Version 1.0.1.113. It was found that the communication network structure of female students’ who stayed at the Dormitory decentralized. It shows that each student had same opportunity to communicate one another directly or indirectly, which 4 to 9 path distance. It was also identified that from 110 people, Suarni was the student who had significant influence in the communication network.
The Application of Quadratic Bezier Curve on Rotational and Symmetrical Lampshade
Authors: Octafiatiningsih Erny , Sujarwo Imam
Published: June 2016

The procedure of constructing lampshade is through parameter merger and selection of Bezier surfaces shapeshifters; thus it producesperfect and varied sitting-lampshades.Constructing sitting-lamp shades requires the study of the physical (lighting) and geometryaspects. In terms of geometry, the existed sitting-lampshade creation models is generally monotonous and constructed from objects pieces. In line with these problems, this research is divided into four stages:First, preparing the data to build a sitting-lampshade. Second, technical studying to construct the symmetricity of the sitting-lamp shade shape.Third, constructing the parts of the sitting-lampshade, namely the base, the main part, the roof. Fourth, constructingthe complete sitting-lampshade. The results of this research to obtain the procedures of constructing the sitting-lampshade namely: First, dividing the major axis into three non-homogeneous sub segments.Second, constructing parts of the sitting-lampshade namely the base, the main part, and the roof by combining the sitting-lamp shade components from the geometrical objects deformation.Third, filling each sub segment of non-homogeneous parts with parts of the lampshade and creating the boundary curvesproducing a varied innovative symmetricalmodels of sitting-lampshade.
Translating Knowledge Into Practice Through an Academic-Practice Partnership for Exploring Barriers That Impact Management of Homebound Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Echevarria Mercedes
Published: June 2016

A knowledge translation project involving an academic-practice partnership and guided by action-oriented research was used for exploring barriers that impact management of homebound heart failure patients. The intervention process followed an action research model of interaction, self-reflection, response, and change in direction. External facilitators (academia) and internal facilitators (practice) worked with clinicians to identify a topic for improvement, explore barriers, locate the evidence compare current practice against evidence-based practice recommendations, introduce strategies to “close the gap” between actual practice and the desired practice, develop audit criteria, and reevaluate the impact.
La literatura judía y la historia entre la guerra de los Macabeos (167 a. C.) y la rebelión de Bar Kokba (135 d. C.)
Authors: Martínez Lacy Ricardo
Published: June 2016

Droysen postuló la existencia de una época helenística en la que se dio la fusión de la cultura europea clásica y la asiática oriental. Le dio ese nombre, que se encuentra atestado por primera vez en el segundo libro de los Macabeos (4.13), donde designa la adopción de la cultura, la manera de pensar y el idioma griegos (Bichler: 5-22). El resultado de esa síntesis, según el mismo autor, fue el cristianismo. En este proceso, es importante la literatura porque desde su origen el judaísmo se ha regido e, incluso, se define por medio de una ley escrita a la cual se le fueron agregando libros, algunos aceptados como canónicos, que fueron formando la Biblia, y otros no, los Apócrifos del Antiguo Testamento. En esta época se empieza a escribir una literatura judía más profana, con Filón de Alejandría, que escribió libros de religión, historia y filosofía, y Flavio Josefo, historiador. Este corpus literario conforma el testimonio más directo de la helenización judía, de ahí su importancia histórica.
O Controle de Convencionalidade no Brasil, a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos e o Crime de Desacato
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Biacchi , Gonçalves Ane Elise Brandalise
Published: June 2016

À luz de um novo sistema constitucional e partindo do estudo do controle de convencionalidade, este artigo realiza uma análise da questão do desacato e sua incompatibilidade com a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos. Segundo o sistema interamericano de direitos humanos, tal figura penal, que visa à proteção da autoridade estatal, não subsistiria no atual ordenamento jurídico por ir de encontro com o direito humano à liberdade de expressão e de pensamento. Este trabalho se justifica na medida em que é preciso estudar as mudanças a caminho nos ordenamentos jurídicos interno e internacional. A metodologia é teórico-dedutiva, de análise qualitativa, eis que procura, a partir da observação do controle de convencionalidade e dos ditames do sistema interamericano de Direitos Humanos, o estudo do entendimento acerca do desacato e, por fim, o estudo da situação atual brasileira.
A boa-fé objetiva na resilição de contratos de longa duração e o cumprimento da função social
Authors: Gureck Neto Leonardo , Misugi Guilherme , Efing Antônio Carlos
Published: June 2016

O presente estudo visa à análise da boa-fé objetiva, seus deveres anexos, e função social do contrato em face da autonomia da vontade na resilição de contratos firmados entre pessoas de direito privado e que permanecem vigentes durante longo período de tempo (ou por prazo indeterminado). Por meio de método dialético, em que se parte de levantamento bibliográfico para estudo de caso, busca-se a harmonização destes institutos e a análise crítica de sua apreciação pelo Poder Judiciário. Demonstrase, portanto, que os valores apresentados pela Constituição Federal devem nortear as relações contratuais no âmbito privado para que a resilição unilateral desses contratos não se concretize em divergência à boa-fé e seus deveres anexos.
Les interactions en classe de langue
Authors: Benassaya Romain
Published: June 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer, à partir de l'exemple d'un cours dispensé à l'Université de Guelph, Canada, le rôle des interactions dans le processus d'apprentissage, et également comment le problème posé par l'hétérogénéité des apprenants peut être surmonté lorsqu'on encourage les interactions au sein du groupe-classe, non seulement entre l'enseignant et les apprenants, mais aussi entre les apprenants entre eux.

This article aims to show, using the example of a course taught at the University of Guelph, Canada, the role of interactions in the learning process, and equally how the problem posed by differences in students’ levels can be overcome when interactions in the class are encouraged, not only between the instructor and the students, but also among the students themselves.
Le Récit de voyage comme document authentique : Paul et Raymonde Bonnetain au Soudan
Authors: Da Silva Frédéric
Published: June 2016

Résumé

Paul Bonnetain, l’écrivain naturaliste connu pour ses multiples provocations et scandales, se voit confier en octobre 1892 par le ministère des Colonies et celui de l’Instruction publique une mission au Soudan. Au terme d’un périple de neuf mois à travers des contrées souvent hostiles, où l’ont accompagné sa femme et leur fille, il regagne la métropole avec force documents, fruits de ses observations.

Or, il ne reste aucune trace du contenu de son rapport, pas plus que du volume annoncé pourtant dans la presse et à peine quelques bribes de ses photographies. La raison doit-elle être recherchée dans la censure ministérielle dont Bonnetain se dit victime ? Toujours est-il que, comme pour contourner un interdit officiel, paraîtront un récit de voyage signée Raymonde Bonnetain et un recueil de nouvelles et de poèmes en prose sous la plume de Paul Bonnetain.

Ces textes, complémentaires et d’une grande richesse, soulèvent de nombreuses questions, notamment quant à leur statut : oeuvre littéraire, simple témoignage ou véritable document authentique ?

Ce sont ces pistes et leur possible combinaison que se propose d’explorer cet article.

Mots clés : Afrique, colonialisme, récit de voyage, réalisme/naturalisme, collaboration litteraire.

Abstract

Paul Bonnetain, a naturalist writer known for his many provocations and scandals, is entrusted with a mission to the Sudan in October 1892 by the Ministry of the Colonies and the Ministry of Education. Following a nine month trek through often hostile lands, accompanied by his wife and their daughter, he returns to the metropolis with many documents, fruits of his observations.

Yet there remains no trace of the content of his official rapport, nor of a volume announced in the press. Only a few photographs surface. Could the reason be the ministerial censure that Bonnetain claimed to be victim of? The fact remains that, as though to evade an official proscription, a travel book is published under the name of Raymonde Bonnetain as well as a collection of short stories and prose poetry signed Paul Bonnetain.

These very rich and complementary texts raise many questions, especially with regard to their status: literary work, simple testimony or genuine authentic document?

It is these suggestions and their possible combinations, that this article intends to explore.

Keywords: Africa, colonialism, travel writing, realism/naturalism, literary collaboration
Interculturalité et documents authentiques en classe de FLE : une expérience chinoise
Authors: Qian Yu
Published: June 2016

Résumé

Ces dernières années, l’interculturel est devenu en Chine un incontournable dans le domaine de la didactique des langues étrangères. Dans ce sens, apprendre une langue ne signifie plus seulement une maîtrise linguistique, mais également une bonne compétence interculturelle. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai pour l’enseignement/apprentissage supérieur du français parce que le besoin premier de nos étudiants spécialistes de français est de pouvoir communiquer efficacement avec des natifs dans une situation de travail. Est-ce que l’introduction des documents authentiques pourrait constituer une entrée pour la mise en pratique d’une approche interculturelle ? Est-il possible d’utiliser des documents authentiques dès le début de l’apprentissage ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles nous essaierons d’apporter des réponses dans cet article en nous inscrivant dans une perspective interculturelle de la didactique des langues-cultures à partir d’une expérience de l’utilisation de spots publicitaires avec des apprenants spécialistes de première année universitaire.

Mots-clés : Interculturel, didactique des L.E. et du F.L.E., document authentique, spot publicitaire, compétence de communication

Abstract

In the last couple of years, the intercultural has become a key concept in the area of foreign language didactics in China. Learning a language does not mean just having some linguistic competence but means also mastering appropriate intercultural behaviours. This is all the more true with advanced learners of French as they will need to communicate effectively in professional situations. Can the introduction of authentic documents serve as an effective way to introduce an intercultural approach? Is it possible to use authentic documents right from the early stages of language learning? These are some of the questions we will try to answer in this article, based on the experience of using television advertising in a first year university French course.

Key words: intercultural, foreign language didactics, F.L.E., authentic documents, television advertising, communicative competence