bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic and evaluation of its impact in pharmaceutical intervention in an adult intensive care unit
Authors: LIMA Íkaro M. , VIDIGAL Samira B. , LIMA Nathália M. , CARVALHO Daniel A. , SANTOS Elton J. , JUNÍOR Afonso C. , VIANA Leandra M. , NOGUEIRA Iara A.
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the application of the FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic by clinical pharmacists to optimize critically ill patients’ pharmacotherapy. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed on an adult intensive care unit of an University Hospital, between august and november 2019, where 155 patients were followed by three clinical pharmacists during hospital stay. Patients who stayed less than 24 hours in the hospital or whose stay was during weekends or holidays were excluded. The interventions were performed together with a multidisciplinary team using FASTHUG-MAIDENS, as well as technical analysis of medical prescription and patients’ clinical evaluation. The clinical evaluation included analysis of laboratory tests, nursing records and medical prescription, all registered in an institutional spreadsheet. The pharmaceutical interventions were registered in the pharmaceutical section of both physic and electronic medical records, and the data were later evaluated, classified, and submitted to descriptive analytical analysis. Results: 1.145 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, with an acceptance rate of 99,3%. The number of pharmaceutical interventions were increased by 104,4% with the application of the FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic, compared to the period before the research. The main interventions performed were: inclusion of a drug (25,2%), exclusion of a drug (17,9%), dose adjustment (12,2%), change of the administration timetable to avoid intravenous incompatibility (11,4%), inclusion of infusion rate (7,3%), dilution adequacy (5,8%), inclusion of reconstitution (3,5%), microbiological culture request (3,4%), drug interaction monitoring (2,7%), adequacy of infusion rate (2,6%) and others (7,4%).Pharmaceutical interventions showed clinical (96,9%), preventive (99,3%) and economic (21,6%) impact. Conclusion: The application of the FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic extended the pharmaceutical care to critically ill patients, enabling an accurate evaluation of the pharmacotherapy, clinically impacting critical patient care and reducing errors and adverse drug events.
The formation of economic integration in the post-Soviet space at the regional level of Russia and Belarus
Authors: Abramov Ruslan , Sokolov Maxim , Surilov Meir
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируются основные этапы становления интеграционных объединений на постсоветском пространстве. На примере Союзного государства России и Беларуси показано, что основное взаимодействие стран строится на основе экономических отношений между регионами. Определено, что подобная форма исключает утерю суверенитета.
Formation of international economic policy in countries with different state participation in the economy
Authors: Surilov Meir , Uspaeva Milana , Tronin Sergey , Abalakin Alexander
Published: March 2021

Статья рассматривает возникновение международной системы экономических отношений, основанной на международном правовом регулировании товарных отношений. Определено, что началу международного сотрудничества в сфере торговли предшествовали локальные торговые договоры начала XVII века.
STEAP2 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that STEAP2 metalloreductase, STEAP2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that STEAP2 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. STEAP2 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of STEAP2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient post-progression survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of STEAP2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Causal pathways from fractions to algebra: Integrating psychology and math education perspectives
Authors: Viegut Alexandria
Published: March 2021

Algebra knowledge is an important gatekeeper to educational and economic opportunity. Both math education researchers and psychologists have shown that fractions may be a key to this gate (e.g., Hackenberg, 2013; Siegler et al., 2012). However, psychological and educational research on the fractions-algebra association has been disconnected, with separate frameworks, definitions, and designs. This integrative review synthesizes evidence from both disciplines about how and why fractions knowledge leads to stronger algebra knowledge. I suggest that the strength of causal evidence is limited by idiosyncratic measurement, limited longitudinal research, and imprecise definitions. I also review six plausible fractions-to-algebra mechanisms, which future research should empirically test. Throughout, I argue that more nuanced understanding of the fractions-algebra association will require interdisciplinary teams. Finally, I propose an integrative conceptual model of how fractions knowledge may lead to success in algebra and suggest new directions for collaborative investigation to inform developmental theory and educational practice.
Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Ny.S Dengan Masalah Halusinasi Pendengaran
Authors: Sastiya Ayu
Published: March 2021

Skizofrenia merupakan reaksi psikotik yang berpengaruh terhadap area fungsi individu, termasuk dalam berpikir, berkomunikasi, menerima, menafsirkan kenyataan, merasakan dan menunjukkan emosi serta penyakit kronis yang ditandai dengan pikiran kacau, delusi, halusinasi, dan perilaku aneh. Skizofrenia biasanya muncul dalam masa remaja atau dewasa muda (sebelum usia 45 tahun).
Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Ny. I Dengan Masalah Halusinasi Pendengaran
Authors: Gaol Hendi Lumban
Published: March 2021

Halusinasi pendengaranpaling sering terjadi ketika klien mendengar suara-suara, suara tersebutdianggap terpisah dari pikiran klien sendiri. Isi suara-suara tersebutmengancam dan menghina, sering kali suara tersebut memerintah klien untukmelakukan tindakan yang akan melukai klien atau orang lain (
ARMC9 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that armadillo repeat containing 9, ARMC9, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that ARMC9 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. ARMC9 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ARMC9 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival, in lymph node negative patients but not in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of ARMC9 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
How do Good and Bad News Impact Mood During the Covid-19 Pandemic? The Role of Similarity
Authors: Dörnemann Antonia , Boenisch Nika , Schommer Leonard , Winkelhorst Lara , Wingen Tobias
Published: March 2021

How do media reports about the Covid-19 pandemic influence our mood? Building on the social comparison theory, we predicted that reading negative news affecting a similar group would result in an impaired mood. In contrast, reading negative news about a dissimilar group should lead to improved mood. To test this, 150 undergraduate students read positive or negative news about the well-being of a similar or dissimilar group during the pandemic. As predicted, a mood assimilation effect occurred for similar groups, whilst a contrast effect occurred for a dissimilar group. The findings suggest that media reports can have a strong impact on mood. The direction of these effects, however, seems to depend strongly on social comparison processes.
Gambling Researchers’ Use and Views of Open Science Principles and Practices: A Brief Report
Authors: LaPlante Debi , Louderback Eric R. , Abarbanel Brett
Published: March 2021

Scientists across disciplines have begun to implement “open science” principles and practices, which are designed to enhance the quality, transparency, and replicability of scientific research. Yet, studies examining the use of open science practices in social science fields such as psychology and economics show that awareness and use of such practices often is low. In gambling studies research, no studies to date have empirically investigated knowledge of and use of open science practices. In the present study, we collected survey data about awareness and use of open science practices from 86 gambling studies research stakeholders who had attended a major international gambling studies conference in May 2019. We found that—as hypothesized—a minority of gambling research stakeholders reported: 1) either some or extensive experience using open science research practices in general, and 2) either some or regular experience using specific open science practices, including study pre-registration, open materials/code, open data, and pre-print archiving. Most respondents indicated that replication was important for all studies in gambling research, and that genetic, neuroscience, and lab-based game characteristic studies were areas most in need of replication. Our results have important implications for open science education initiatives and for contemporary research methodology in gambling studies.
School's out: parenting stress and screen time use in school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Seguin Diane , Kuenzel Elizabeth , Morton Jeffrey Bruce , Duerden Emma
Published: March 2021

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of children abruptly moved to online schooling, which required high levels of parental involvement. Family routines were disrupted, potentially increasing parental stress, and may be reflected in greater media screen time use in children.Objectives: To determine whether 1) parenting styles and 2) parenting stress were associated with children’s screen time use during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.Methods: Parents (>18 years of age) were recruited to complete an online survey regarding changes in their children’s (6-12 years) screen time use and daily activities before and during the pandemic. Stress and parental involvement were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Alabama Parenting Questionnaires respectively. General linear models assessed whether parenting style and parent stress was associated with children’s screen time during the pandemic, adjusting for demographic variables and daily activities.Results: 104 parents were enrolled, and 78 (75%) parents completed the surveys. Children’s screen time (e.g., watching television and playing video games) increased significantly, from 2.6 hours to 5.8 hours a day (p=.001) during pandemic-related school closures. Smaller changes in children’s screen time use were significantly associated with more parental involvement (p=.017). Parent stress (p=.018) significantly predicted children’s screen time use. Lower household income was associated with increased hours of screen time in both models (both, p<.05).Conclusions: Children’s screen time nearly doubled during the initial months of the pandemic. Parent stress and parenting styles may be modifiable risk factors to promote children’s wellbeing during the ongoing pandemic.
Mechanistic Modeling for the Masses
Authors: Turner Matthew Adam , Smaldino Paul E.
Published: March 2021

The generalizability crisis is compounded, or even partially caused, by a lack of specificity in psychological theories. Expanding the use of mechanistic models among psychologists is therefore important, but faces numerous hurdles. A cultural evolutionary approach can help guide and evaluate interventions to improve modeling efforts in psychology, such as developing standards and implementing them at the institutional level.
Methodological Considerations for Studying Neural Oscillations
Authors: Donoghue Thomas , Schaworonkow Natalie , Voytek Bradley
Published: March 2021

Neural oscillations are ubiquitous across recording methodologies and species, broadly associated with cognitive tasks, and amenable to computational modeling that investigates neural circuit generating mechanisms and mesoscale dynamics. Because of this, neural oscillations may offer an exciting potential opportunity for linking theory, physiology, and mechanisms of cognition. However, despite their prevalence, there are many concerns—new and old—about how our analysis assumptions are violated by known properties of field potential data. For investigations of neural oscillations to be properly interpreted, and ultimately developed into mechanistic theories, it is necessary to carefully consider the underlying assumptions of the methods we employ. Here, we discuss seven methodological considerations for analyzing neural oscillations. The considerations are to 1) verify the presence of oscillations, as they may be absent; 2) validate oscillation band definitions, to address variable peak frequencies; 3) account for concurrent non-oscillatory aperiodic activity, which might otherwise confound measures; measure and account for 4) temporal variability and 5) waveform shape of neural oscillations, which are often bursty and/or nonsinusoidal, potentially leading to spurious results; 6) separate spatially overlapping rhythms, which may interfere with each other; and 7) consider the required signal-to-noise ratio for obtaining reliable estimates. For each topic, we provide relevant examples, demonstrate potential errors of interpretation, and offer suggestions to address these issues. We primarily focus on univariate measures, such as power and phase estimates, though we discuss how these issues can propagate to multivariate measures. These considerations and recommendations offer a helpful guide for measuring and interpreting neural oscillations.
Pleasure plays the music: visual attention and expertise
Authors: Gavazzi Gioele , Marzi Tessa , Giganti Fiorenza , Lorini Jacopo , Fisher Alessandra Daphne , Viggiano Maria Pia
Published: March 2021

Listening to music has powerful effects on boost emotional and cognitive processes. It is still an open question whether cognitive improvements might depend on specific musical piece features (Mozart effect) or on the pleasure that we feel while listening. The general aim was to evaluate the attentional blink effect in music experts and non-experts (Musicians and Non-Musicians). The Mozart Sonata K448 was compared to highly pleasant musical pieces, self-selected by the participants. While listening to music, a rapid serial visual presentation task (RSVP) was used to tap into temporal attentional mechanisms. The results showed (at lag 240ms) a better performance during both the Sonata K448 and the self-selected pieces. Furthermore, the effect of pleasure varied with musical expertise. The higher the perceived pleasantness was for Musicians the higher the performance was accurate. These findings highlight the role of musical pleasure on cognitive processing. Our results emphasize the pleasure feelings evoked by music, even in experts, in affecting attention by boosting positive emotions and reward.
The forms and meanings of grammatical markers support efficient communication
Authors: Mollica Francis , Bacon Geoffrey Iain , Zaslavsky Noga , Xu Yang , Regier Terry , Kemp Charles
Published: March 2021

Functionalist accounts of language suggest that forms are paired with meanings in ways that support efficient communication. Previous work on grammatical marking suggests that word forms have lengths that enable efficient production, and work on the semantic typology of the lexicon suggests that word meanings represent efficient partitions of semantic space. Here we establish a theoretical link between these two lines of work and present an information-theoretic analysis that captures how communicative pressures influence both form and meaning. We apply our approach to the grammatical features of number, tense, and evidentiality, and show that the approach explains both which systems of feature values are attested across languages and the relative lengths of the forms for those feature values. Our approach shows that general information-theoretic principles can capture variation in both form and meaning, across both grammar and the lexicon.
Can open government support innovation for inclusive development? A South African case study
Authors: Plantinga Paul , Adams Rachel Margaret
Published: March 2021

The opening of government in a number of countries has implications for innovation processes and the potential for inclusive development outcomes. After unpacking key thinking around openness and its attendant values, we explore the adoption of open government practices in innovation by considering four instruments: the opening of innovation and technology policy processes, co-creation and collaborative solution development by civil servants, government entities acting as innovation brokers, and public sector procurement of innovation. Through a case study of South Africa, we highlight how innovation actors prioritise particular values of openness over others, oftentimes at the expense of legality and impartiality. This oversight leads to project failures, legitimacy crises and exploitation of openness by more powerful entities. In response, we suggest that public sector innovation programs and platforms can more explicitly recognise and balance different values through appropriate institutional forms and legislation, and thereby enable sustainable application of open government practices.
Innovation and the Public Service: Achieving Inclusive Service Delivery
Authors: Plantinga Paul
Published: March 2021

Innovation is seen as a way for the public sector to improve performance and reduce costs. This is particularly attractive for developing countries in which large parts of the population do not have access to quality basic services. Public sector managers looking to adopt innovation practices have established enabling structures and processes for their municipality or department, and have sought to empower civil servants with an innovation ‘culture’ or ‘mindset’. However, the growing pressure for public officials to adopt innovation thinking and engage with external innovators can create tensions with existing processes and ‘bureaucratic’ practices. Through a case study of South Africa’s state-owned enterprises, municipalities, sector departments and public innovation intermediaries, this chapter argues that a more nuanced view is needed of the diverse actors, roles and activities that do (and could) support public sector innovation. Each of these entities contributes specific legitimacies and capacities to innovation processes, based on underlying values, which can be better recognised and supported to achieve positive innovation outcomes and more inclusive service delivery.
Making Good Arguments in Archaeology
Authors: Smith Michael E.
Published: March 2021

This chapter reviews epistemological and methodological issues of argumentation in archaeology. It begins with historical reasons for the lack of attention to argumentation in recent decades. Next, it reviews the status of archaeological argumentation as set out in a 2015 paper (Smith, 2015b). This is followed by an expansion of this line of thought based on a methodological approach initiated by Stephen Toulmin in 1958. Toulmin’s scheme is based on visual diagrams to show the sequential steps in an argument. It is a particularly helpful method to show the difference between strong and weak archaeological arguments about the past. I examine four archaeological arguments, and use Toulmin’s method to assess their strength. The final topic is an examination of archaeological modeling as a form of argument.
Does European Union Funding Reduce Eurosceptic Voting?
Authors: Senninger Roman
Published: March 2021

The European Union redistributes ever larger shares of its budget to enhance the economic performance of specific areas within its jurisdiction. However, we know little about the electoral consequences arising from this effort and it is unclear to what extent funding helps to counteract discontent among voters. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by employing cross-national quasi-experimental data from an initiative that distributed vouchers to European municipalities ahead of the 2019 European Parliament election. Additionally, geolocated data on beneficiaries of two major European Union funds, election results, register data from polling stations, and a city-wide survey experiment in Denmark were analyzed. In sum, the results show that funding has little to no effect on Eurosceptic voting.
Development of Web-Based Information System Using Linear Sequential Method at SMP Makna Bakti Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Endriansyah Muhammad Try , Astuti Rika , Ramadhan Galuh Bakti
Published: March 2021

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) which is growing rapidly nowadays, SMP MAKNA BAKTI JAKARTA PUSAT wants the application of information technology in a structured governance process in schools. One of the problems currently faced by SMP MAKNA BAKTI JAKARTA PUSAT is that the assessment process conducted by teachers is still done manually and is less effective. Constraints also occur when the subject teacher has finished assessing and must submit to the homeroom teacher. Constraints faced include delays in the collection of grades by subject teachers, and the length of time required for the homeroom teacher to recapitulate grades. And it is difficult for students to see the results of learning done by asking or waiting for confirmation from the subject teacher. The author intends to make a web-based information system application in the form of e- report cards. With the existence of a web-based information system, it is expected to be able to help in efficient management of entity data and a more structured assessment system for better implementation. In the design of the e-report system information on SMP MEAN BAKTI uses PHP programming language, with the use of MySQL database. The method used in this study is Sequential Linear
Data Pipeline Architecture with Near Real-Time Streaming Multiple Source Indonesian Online News Data Lake
Authors: Thenata Angelina Pramana
Published: March 2021

The rapid development of information has made online news increasingly needed. Online news attracts readers' attention by providing convenience and speed in presenting news from various fields. However, the large amount (volume) of online news that spreads in a short time (velocity) and the public's need to consume news in various references (variety) can affect people's lives. Therefore, the government as the regulator and news agencies need to monitor online news circulating. Based on these problems, the researcher proposes a data lake architectural design that is suitable for online news and can run in real-time. Data lakes can solve the main problems of Big Data (volume, velocity, variety). In proposing this data lake architecture, the researcher conducted a literature study and analyzed the flow of the data lake architecture according to online news. Furthermore, the researcher will use this architecture to combine and uniform the online news data structure from several online news channels and then stream it in real-time to fill the data lake. The results of using the data lake architecture for online news will be stored on MongoDB which functions as a database to store all data for both the short and long term. Finally, this data lake will be a means to accommodate, dive into, and analyze the circulating online news data. Keywords – Data Lake, Online News, Real-Time.
Pozycja ustrojowoprawna samorządu gminnego w systemie administracji publicznej
Authors: Jaworski Bogdan
Published: March 2021

Public administration in Poland has taken the form of a system of entities with different tasks and objectives, as well as different competences. It is a part of the classical model based on the functioning of two separate components, such as the state administration, including the government and local self-government. From the perspective of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, the existence of local self-government is extremely important, and even becomes a necessity. Therefore, the deliberations addressed in the paper focus on the functioning of this form of public administration at the lowest level of basic division of the state, which is the commune. The presented research is an attempt to indicate the legal status and position of commune self-government not only in the broadly understood local self-government but also in the whole public administration system.
Władztwo administracyjne gminy na przykładzie niektórych rozwiązań w zakresie zarządzania drogami publicznymi
Authors: Korczak Jerzy
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of the boundaries of the administrative authority of the municipality. It will set out the various causes and factors that make municipalities take action to solve local problems, but to confront the rules of generally applicable laws that exclude the excessively local nature of the solutions used in the municipality. Consequently, the administrative authority gains, on the one hand, the consolidation of its judicial and doctrinal interpretation, and, on the other hand, the assertions of conceptual autonomy and independence, which are well established in the doctrine, are confirmed.
Przekazanie szkoły pomiędzy jednostkami samorządu terytorialnego – zagadnienia ogólne
Authors: Zięty Jan Jakub
Published: March 2021

The subject of this article is the specific issue of transferring a school between a commune and a poviat. The author comes to the conclusion, that despite the statutory changes, the substantive regulations have not changed. It should still be assumed that the provisions of the Education Law are special provisions in relation to the Act on Municipal Self-government, the Act of Poviat Self-government and the Act of Public Finances. Transferring school management is also entrusting the taking over unit with the implementation of an educational task consisting in running a school of a given type and carrying out an educational task in this regard. The transfer of the task is associated with the settlement of detailed property or organizational elements by agreement. The transfer based on labor law or in organizational matters constitutes a change of the governing authority without the formal liquidation of the school. In other areas, it is necessary to apply the provisions of civil law, including the provisions on the assignment of obligation.
Realizacja prawa wglądu w akta sprawy w postępowaniu administracyjnym
Authors: Wojciechowska Karolina
Published: March 2021

The subject of the article is an analysis of the realisation of the right to access to administrative records in public administration authorities. This right is the most important manifestation of the right of access to the records, which a party to administrative proceedings is entitled to. The right to access the administrative records is limited by the fact that the party has access to incomplete, unstructured, unnumbered records or unavailable records without issuing a refusal of access to the records, as well as access to the records in places not adapted for that purpose. The right of access is also limited by the following restrictions which do not exist in the Code of Administrative Procedure but are applied by the authorities: the hours of visitors and the queuing system. A party should be able to review his or her personal records during the office’s working hours in a room adapted for that purpose. I propose that the party should be able to access the records in the body’s information and communication system at on-line remote.
Kształtowanie się pojęcia mienia komunalnego samorządu terytorialnego stopnia podstawowego
Authors: Czechowski Paweł
Published: March 2021

The article presents the genesis and evolution of shaping the institution of municipal property of local government. The shaping of the legal institution of municipal property was presented against the background of the systemic change as a result of the changes and reforms initiated as a result of the 1989 ‘round table’, which also defined the principles of building a new local government system based on the legal and systemic model of European local self-government (municipal ) and its guiding principles. As a result of the introduced statutory regulations, in 1990, the first degree of local self-government was introduced, equipping communes (cities) and their associations as well as established legal entities with communal property. It should be mentioned that the acquisition of communal property, apart from the civil legal nature, also had a significant systemic significance guaranteeing the local government political, political and economic independence. The work presents the legal status of communal property, the procedure for its acquisition and the procedure of enfranchisement of communal entities under the first degree of local authority.
Wieś w polskim systemie samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Dobkowski Jarosław
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is an attempt to define the basic elements of the administrative and legal concept of “village”. For many years, rural issues have been a significant subject of local government legislation. Hence the administrative and legal essence of the village is complex. A village can be either a municipality or only a town with certain administrative boundaries. The specific nature of the village is also reflected in the general population, which can be considered as local community with its own needs and interests, as well as certain powers. This community can be included in the framework of the auxiliary self-government and support the municipality in performing public tasks.
Kolegialność i jednoosobowość w strukturach samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Jagielski Jacek
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the subject of collegiality and monocracy in the structure of local government authorities in Poland. The author begins his considerations with the characteristics of the collegial and monocratic form of organization of administrative organs. It indicates their essence, advantages and disadvantages and the related possibilities of their application in public administration. The next part of the study analyzes the existence of collegial and monocratic forms in the organizational system of local government authorities, which are treated in a broader sense than just as organs of individual local government units. The author indicates collegial and monocratic structures, emphasizing that the former are clearly preferred, and discusses the postulate of extending the monocratic form to all local government executive bodies; also draws attention to the need for a legal solution to the emancipation of monocratic offices of heads of collegial organs towards the separate and independent offices. An important role is played by the presentation and evaluation of various collegial bodies with which local government organs are enclosed. The considerations end with summarizing reflections, in which the timeliness and importance of the issues under consideration is emphasized, along with the listing of the most important issues.
Stałe składowe efektywności samorządu gminnego
Authors: Bąkowski Tomasz
Published: March 2021

The thirtieth anniversary of the return of local government at the municipal level to the Polish legal and constitutional order prompts various reflections and summaries. There is also time to ask questions about basic issues. Such is the question about the existence of permanent and durable elements in the institution of local self-government, not susceptible to changes in the economic, technological or cultural environment. They include, first of all: 1) the legal nature of the municipal self-government (in terms of public and private law); 2) general goals justifying its existence; or 3) the ways and methods of their implementation. Considering the utilitarian and praxeological context of the existence of local self-government, it is worth paying attention, above all, to those permanent elements that determine the task-related effectiveness of the municipality. They are in particular: 1) collective needs of the community; 2) cooperation of the municipality with other entities and 3) measures conditioning the implementation of tasks entrusted to the municipality. The above enumeration does not reflect the full list of determinants of the effectiveness of local government institutions, but nevertheless it seems reasonable to present a few comments and observations on the indicated elements, which could also be treated as a source of verifying the correctness of the choice made.
Retirement Arrangements and the Laity at Religious Houses in Pre-Reformation Devon
Authors: Fizzard Allison
Published: March 2021

Most of us would probably think of retirement planning as a modern phenomenon; however, concerns about retirement were also very real to people of the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. They, too, sought ways to ensure that they would be able to lead reasonably comfortable lives once they had reached a point when they could no longer work. Peasant parents might sometimes strike maintenance agreements with adult children or other individuals who would be taking over their landholdings; wealthy widows might be able to rely on the income from their dower lands or the jointures arranged at the time of their marriages. Infirm members of the secular clergy could sometimes retire from their parishes with pensions. Another option for a wide range of individuals of different economic backgrounds was to obtain an annuity from or a corrody at a religious house. An annuity was an annual monetary payment, whereas a corrody was an annual allowance in kind—what Barbara Harvey has called a “bundle of privileges” or a “bundle of consumables”—providing for the food, shelter, and often clothes of the corrodian. Both annuities and corrodies could be purchased from or freely given by a monastery.
Radial Categories and the Central Romance
Authors: Furrow Melissa
Published: March 2021

Definition of medieval romance as a genre has been bedevilled by the inability of scholars to reach a consensus on the essential features of romance. “Of all the dimensions of human experience explored by the romance genre, eros is by far the most essential,” remark Kevin Brownlee and Marina Scordilis Brownlee in their introduction to an important collection of essays by various scholars on the evolution of European medieval romances. Yet eros is neither mentioned nor implied in Paul Strohm’s report of consensus: “modern critics have a fairly tidy sense of the mediaeval romance as a narrative poem dealing with the adventures of a chivalric hero.” Nor is it mentioned in Newstead’s definition in the Wells-Severs Manual of the Writings in Middle English: “The medieval romance is a narrative about knightly prowess and adventure, inverse or in prose, intended primarily for the entertainment of a listening audience.” In part this difference is accounted for by the difference in bodies of romances being read: if the Brownlees are reading Chrétien and Le Roman de la rose while Strohm and Newstead are reading Havelok and the alliterative Morte Arthure, it is no wonder that the scholars of romance languages see eros as essential and the scholars of Middle English do not. But there is a fundamental disagreement between Strohm’s and Newstead’s definitions, too: Strohm disallows prose romances, such as Malory’s Morte Darthur, while Newstead allows them.
Triangles of the Sacred Sisterhood
Authors: MacDonald Aileen
Published: March 2021

In an article entitled “The Structuring of Feminine Empowerment: Gender and Triangular Relationships,” Nora Cottille-Foley discusses how Marie de France sometimes subverts the eternal triangle of husband, wife, and lover and reforms it in order to further the agency and power of the female protagonist. In both the courtly romance and comic fabliau, as Cottille-Foley notes, the adulterous triangle of husband, wife, and lover is a prominent theme. The perspectives, of course, are quite different: in courtly works, the main interest focuses on the illicit love relationship of wife and lover, whereas in the fabliau the focus is on the conflict of the married couple, their relationship being a source of comedy, derived often from the pairing of a lustful, deceitful wife anda rather dim-witted but domineering husband. In both courtly and comic genres, the triangle is a site of conflict. In courtly works, the resolution is generally in favour of the status quo as a courtly adulterous affair rarely works out, while in the fabliau the marriage is generally left intact, although a deceitful wife may be given carte blanche to philander. Cottille-Foley suggests that Marie rewrites these fixed and predictable triangles through a series of Derridean slippages to produce new triangles whose composition enhances women’s agency and leads to a new resolution of peace and harmony for the women involved: “the third character acts as an empowering double to the main protagonists. The figure of the patriarch remains only as an archaic trace in the text and is written over by the figure of the female poet, the providential aunt, or the fellow woman.”.
Foreword
Authors: Harvey Carol J.
Published: March 2021

In 2004, Brian Merrilees retired from forty years’ service at the University of Toronto. To mark his outstanding contribution to the field of Medieval Studies, the Canadian Society of Medievalists is pleased to offer this special issue of its journal Florilegium. The twelve articles drawn together in the present volume have been prepared in his honour by former students, colleagues, and friends from North America, Europe, and New Zealand. The articles highlight the wide influence of Brian Merrilees’s research, especially in Anglo-Norman language and literature, and in medieval grammar and lexicography. Readers of this Festschrift will appreciate the resonance of his work over the course of a long and distinguished career.
Pignus ou le mutisme des dictionnaires médiolatins sur une évolution sémantique
Authors: Grondeux Anne
Published: March 2021

Certains mots du vocabulaire médiolatin sont l’occasion de s’interroger sur les rapports qui existent entre les dictionnaires médiévaux du latin et le latin médiéval. La consultation de ces dictionnaires est en effet a priori censée nous renseigner sur la langue qui y est recensée. Pourtantle fait que des mots y soient traités en présentant certains écarts par rapportà l’image de la la gue que nous renvoient les textes contemporains jette un doute sur la réalité de ce lien. C’est lecas en particulier du terme pignus, qui va être étudié ici. On tentera à partir de ce mot ainsi qu’à partir d’autres exemples de cerner dans quelles conditions ces dictionnaires réalisés par les utilisateurs du latin médiéval eux-mêmes peuvent nous renseigner non pas tant sur la perception de la langue comme objet d’étude, mais plutôt sur l’objet lui-même, le latinmédiéval. Cette question, née de ma propre pratique de médiolatiniste, en particulier en tant que collaboratrice du Novum Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis (dorénavant NGML), qui recourt systématiquement, dans ses limites chronologiques,aux glossaires et aux dictionnaires médiolatins, prend une ac ité nouvelle au moment où se constituent des bases de données qui mêlent dictionnaires « modernes »(comme celui de Blaise) et dictionnaires médiévaux (DLD - Database of Latin Dictionaries).
The Owl in Winter: The Final Tornada of Marcabru’s Pastourelle “L’autrier jost’una sebissa”
Authors: Koelb Janice Hewlett
Published: March 2021

Marcabru’s shepherdess in “L’autrier jost’una sebissa” (“The other day beside a hedge”) ends her debate with the lecherous knight by offering a cryptic sentence about manna, an owl, and a person with a painting — topics which appear to have nothing to do with the logical sequence of the debate:
Some Recent Books on Scottish Literature
Authors: Parkinson David J.
Published: March 2021

As one might expect from a literature in which flyting is prominent, criticism can be a vigorous exercise in medieval and early modern Scotland. More than one Scots poet ends a substantial work with a premonition of the carping it will arouse. Completing his Eneados, Gavin Douglas added a pre-emptive “Exclamatioun aganyst detractouris and oncurtas redaris that beyn our studyus, but occasioun, to note and spy owt faltis or offencis.” Proprietary readers like William Dunbar are always ready to be stung into vituperative action by rivals who “hes thame self aboif the sternis styld.” Given the Caledonian scope of the books about to be discussed, what follows may be taken in the spirit of such traditional exchanges: “Of this fabill, as myne author dois write, / I sall reheirs in rude and hamelie dite.”
In Memoriam Margaret Wade Labarge 1916-2009 Founding President of the Canadian Society of Medievalists /Société canadienne des médiévistes
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: March 2021

Margaret Wade Labarge, Polly to her closer friends, was the author of eight judicious and approachable books on medieval people both high and low. She was one of the first scholars to celebrate the broad cultural achievements of medieval women and was a champion of readable history. The founding president of the Canadian Society of Medievalists /Société canadienne des médiévistes, a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, a member of the Order of Canada, and the recipient of three honorary degrees, she was renowned not just for her work on the Middle Ages but also for the boundless energy of her volunteer work on behalf of the elderly. She was, in the words of one fellow medievalist,“a woman of warmth, wisdom, and serenity.”
The Middle Ages in Australia:
Authors: D’Arcens Louise
Published: March 2021

Although the Australian colonies were founded in the wake of the Age of Enlightenment, they were also home to a thriving culture of medievalism. In literature, theatre, architecture, and art, audiences saw the Middle Ages made over in the image of colonial Australia, and colonial Australia made over the image of the Middle Ages. Through some key examples from the nineteenth century, this essay examines the complex historical and ideological forces that produced, and are reflected in, these medievalist texts and argues that revisiting the Middle Ages gave colonial Australians a unique aesthetic language for discussing their own present and future as a 'new' society.
A Thirteenth-Century English Charter at Brock University
Authors: Basson André , McDonald R. Andrew , Sharron David , Somerville Angus A.
Published: March 2021

In the fall of 2008,staff of the Special Collections and Archives of the James A.Gibson Libraryat Brock University in St.Catharines, Ontario, discovered a small, tightly folded, and clearly very old parchment document in a bag in the bottom drawer of a filing cabinet. The document, which had been transferred to the Library from the President’s Office in 1976, was stored without being catalogue, probably because it fell outside the scope of the department’s collection policy. It remained unexamined for over thirty years until early in 2009, when the announcement of its ‘rediscovery’ caused considerable excitement among the Brock University and Niagara communities. Efforts totrace the provenance of the Charter prior to its arrival at Brock University have proven unsuccessful. The document, dated to the mid-thirteenth century, records a grant of land in the village of Clopton in Warwickshire (see further below) by Robert de Clopton to hisson William; although some of the individuals and places named in it are known from contemporaneous records, it does not appear to be referred to in secondary sources pertaining to the family, the estate, or the county and, in fact, seems to be completely unknown. The Clopton charter now has the distinction of being the oldest item in the holdings of the James A. Gibson Library at Brock University. This paper offers a description, transcription, translation and preliminary analysis of the document.
Introduction
Authors: Murray Jacqueline
Published: March 2021

This collection of essays in honour of Margaret Wade Labarge (18 July 1916 - 31 August 2009) marks the passing of a remarkable scholar, but it also stands as a sentinel to the passing of a generation of noteworthy Canadian medievalists. Dr. Labarge (yes, it was honorary and a title she tended not to use, but she received three and they were certainly well merited) was part of that remarkable efflorescence of Medieval Studies that distinguished the Canadian academy in the 1970s and 1980s. The list of names reads as a Who’s Who of medievalists: Bertie Wilkinson, Michael Sheehan, Ambrose Raftis, Leonard Boyle, John Leyerle among many others. There with them, but not really part of their circle, was Margaret Wade Labarge, a married woman, without an academic appointment, a resident of Ottawa rather than Toronto. Yet she fits with them nonetheless as a leader and a leading light for Canadian Medieval Studies.
The Slaying of Sir William Pennington: Legal Narrative and the Late Medieval English Archive
Authors: McSheffrey Shannon
Published: March 2021

On 20 April 1532, near the king’s palace at Westminster, two gentlemen, Richard Southwell, esquire, and Sir William Pennington, faced one another in a sword fight, a quarrel that ended in Pennington’s death. The slaying came at a sensitive time in Henry VIII’s reign, when much attention was focused on ‘the King’s Great Matter,’ his divorce of Katherine of Aragon and projected marriage to Anne Boleyn. The killing of William Pennington was bound up in those issues, one version of events depicting the genesis of the quarrel in an alleged disparagement of Anne Boleyn’s virtue. The official version, however, recorded on the rolls of the Court of King’s Bench, told a different story, one that omitted the larger political issues that underlay the quarrel between these two men, giving us important indications about how legal records were composed and used in premodern England to manage politically sensitive issues. The records of this affair reveal the use of both formal and informal channels, from local juries to the king’s council, for dealing with acts of violence in Henrician England, particularly those with serious political repercussions. These official and unofficial processes, and the records they generated, were tightly imbricated; although in a legal sense the plea roll at King’s Bench was more or less sufficient unto itself, politically its record worked only in tandem with the unofficial negotiations and manoeuvres behind the scenes. In turn, the political imperatives demanded that the formal processes be massaged, that the official record read in particular ways and not others regarding the facts of the case — which were probably not the ‘facts’ at all.