bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Technologies of Food Extraction, Pressing and Extrusion
Authors: Rodrigues Christianne E. C. , Capellini Maria Carolina , Gonçalves Daniel
Published: November 2024

This Editorial refers to the Special Issue “Research on the Technologies of Food Extraction, Pressing and Extrusion”, which highlights new opportunities and challenges in advancing the development of new food products and increasing processing efficiency [...]
Ochratoxin A Degradation and Stress Response Mechanism of Brevundimonas naejangsanensis ML17 Determined by Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zitong , Niu Zehui , Liang Zhihong
Published: November 2024

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin mainly produced by certain species of Aspergillus and Penicillium and is a serious threat to human health and food safety. Previous studies showed that Brevundimonas naejangsanensis ML17 can completely degrade 1 μg/mL of OTA. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation effect of ML17 at different concentrations of OTA, and specifically, to investigate the mechanism of OTA degradation by ML17. The growth of ML17 was not affected by exposure to 6 μg/mL OTA within 24 h. ML17 could almost completely degrade 12 μg/mL of OTA within 36 h, converting it into the non-toxic OTα and L-phenylalanine. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 275 genes were upregulated, whereas three genes were downregulated in ML17 under the stress of 1 μg/mL OTA. Functional enrichment analysis showed that exposure to OTA enhanced translation, amide and peptide biosynthesis and metabolism, promoted oxidative phosphorylation, and increased ATP production. Further analysis revealed that, when exposed to OTA, ML17 exerted a stress-protective effect by synthesizing large amounts of heat shock proteins, which contributed to the correct folding of proteins. Notably, genes related to antioxidant activity, such as peroxiredoxin, superoxide dismutase, and glutaredoxin 3, were significantly upregulated, indicating that ML17 can resist the toxic effects of OTA through adjusting its metabolic processes, and the enzyme-coding gene0095, having OTA degradation activity, was found to be upregulated. This suggests that ML17 can achieve OTA degradation by regulating its metabolism, upregulating its antioxidant system, and upregulating enzyme-encoding genes with OTA degradation activity. Our work provides a theoretical reference for clarifying the mechanism of OTA degradation by ML17.
Tailoring Genomic Selection for Bos taurus indicus: A Comprehensive Review of SNP Arrays and Reference Genomes
Authors: Ogunbawo Adebisi , Mulim Henrique , Campos Gabriel , Schinckel Allan , Oliveira Hinayah
Published: November 2024

Background: Advances in SNP arrays and reference genome assemblies have significantly transformed cattle genomics, particularly for Bos taurus indicus (Zebu cattle). Many commercial SNP arrays were originally designed for Bos taurus taurus, leading to ascertainment bias and the exclusion of crucial SNPs specific to Zebu populations. This review assesses progress in SNP array and reference genome development, with a focus on efforts tailored to Zebu populations and their impact on genomic selection and breeding efficiency. Methods: We reviewed the relevant literature on the development of SNP arrays, reference genome assemblies, and SNP genotyping techniques used for Zebu cattle. Emphasis was placed on SNP arrays specifically designed for Zebu breeds, evaluating their contributions to genomic evaluations and identifying limitations in prediction accuracy. Results: Recent advancements, such as GeneSeek’s low- and high-density SNP panels, have aimed to reduce ascertainment bias and include key SNPs for Zebu populations by providing breed-specific panels. These panels have been instrumental in identifying genomic regions associated with economically important traits in Nellore cattle. Studies show that tailored SNP arrays and breed-specific reference genomes can enhance genetic diversity assessment and improve genomic predictions, supporting more effective breeding programs for Zebu cattle. Conclusions: Improved SNP arrays and breed-specific reference genomes are crucial for accurate genomic selection in Zebu cattle. Future efforts should prioritize expanding de novo genome assemblies, reducing ascertainment bias, and developing cost-effective genotyping solutions tailored to Zebu populations. Targeted genomic tools will ultimately enable more efficient breeding practices and enhance genomic selection for economically important traits in B. t. indicus cattle.
Predictors of Long COVID Among Symptomatic US Adults Testing Positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a National Retail Pharmacy
Authors: Sun Xiaowu , Di Fusco Manuela , Lupton Laura L. , Yehoshua Alon , Alvarez Mary B. , Allen Kristen E. , Puzniak Laura , Lopez Santiago M. C. , Cappelleri Joseph C.
Published: November 2024

Background: Long COVID remains a significant public health concern. This study investigated risk factors for long COVID in outpatient settings. Methods: A US-based prospective survey study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05160636) was conducted in 2022 and replicated in 2023. Symptomatic adults testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at CVS Pharmacies were recruited. CDC-based long COVID symptoms were collected at Week 4, Month 3, and Month 6 following SARS-CoV-2 testing. Logistic regression was used to develop a predictive model for long COVID using data from the 2022 cohort. The model was validated with data from the 2023 cohort. Model performance was evaluated with c-statistics. Results: Patients characteristics were generally similar between the 2022 (N = 328) and 2023 (N = 505) cohorts. The prevalence of long COVID defined as ≥3 symptoms at Month 6 was 35.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The risk factors associated with long COVID were older age, female sex, lack of up-to-date vaccination, number of acute symptoms on the day of SARS-CoV-2 testing, increase in symptoms at Week 1, underlying comorbidities and asthma/chronic lung disease. The c-statistic was 0.79, denoting good predictive power. Conclusions: A predictive model for long COVID was developed for an outpatient setting. This research could help differentiate at-risk groups and target interventions.
The Mediating Role of Work–Family Interface in the Relationship Between Quantitative Workload and Interpersonal Strain: A Gender-Based Moderation Analysis
Authors: Pileri Jessica , Mondo Marina , Sgualdini Alice , de Simone Silvia
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The study investigates the role of work-family interface dimensions (negative work-to-family interface, NEGWIF; negative family-to-work interface, NEGFIW; positive work-to-family interface, POSWIF; and positive family-to-work interface, POSFIW) as mediators in the relationship between workload and interpersonal strain. In addition, we examined the moderating effect of gender. Design/methodology/approach: 319 Italian employees working in the commercial sector participants completed a self-report questionnaire. The hypothesized models were tested using PROCESS Macro. Findings: Work–family interface dimensions totally mediated the relationship between workload and interpersonal strain. Moderating influence of gender was found. Gender moderated the relationship between workload and three work–family interface dimensions—NEGWIF, POSWIF and POSFIW—in the indirect relationship between workload and interpersonal strain. Research limitations/implications: This study suggests to organizations that moderate workload and family-friendly policies can act as a protective factor against interpersonal strain. The limitations of the study are the use of self-report measures and the cross-sectional design. Originality/value: This research attempted to fill the gap in interpersonal strain and relationships with the work–family interface.
Parenting Interventions to Prevent and Reduce Physical Punishment: A Scoping Review
Authors: Garces-Davila Isabel , Stewart-Tufescu Ashley , Linton Janice , McCarthy Julie-Anne , Gill Sonya , Ciochon Newton Aleksandra , Salmon Samantha , Taillieu Tamara , Afifi Tracie O.
Published: November 2024

Physical punishment is the most common form of violence against children worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of long-term adverse outcomes. Interventions targeting parents/caregivers are frequently implemented to prevent and reduce the use of physical punishment. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on evidence-informed parenting interventions targeting physical punishment. A scoping review following the World Health Organization (WHO) Review Guide, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) 2020 Guide for scoping reviews, was conducted to address the objective of this review. An academic health sciences librarian systematically searched electronic databases (EBSCO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS) for peer-reviewed journal articles. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review according to inclusion and exclusion criteria following the Participants, Concept, and Context framework. Eighty-one studies were included for full-text eligibility. The results suggest that most interventions examined were conducted in North America, targeted mothers and fathers, and were delivered in person. The results from this scoping review describe the state of evidence-informed parenting interventions to prevent and reduce physical punishment. This review found opportunities for future research to implement effective parenting interventions on a larger societal scale and use mixed methods approaches to evaluate parenting interventions.
Medicine and Pharmacy Students’ Role in Decreasing Substance Use Disorder Stigma: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cernasev Alina , Barenie Rachel , Hallam Hayleigh , Hohmeier Kenneth C. , Forrest Shandra
Published: November 2024

Background: A strong body of research has established stigma as a barrier to care for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), which can lead to poorer patient outcomes. Prior qualitative research on healthcare practitioners’ perceptions is limited. This study aimed to describe healthcare professional students’ perceived roles in decreasing SUD stigma. Methods: A qualitative design using focus groups (FGs) was employed. This study applied the stigma conceptualization approach by Link and Phelan to develop the FG guide, including labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and discrimination. These components are linked to the construction of cognitive categories that lead to stereotyped beliefs. The FG participants were graduate-level healthcare students recruited via email from the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC). The research team analyzed the transcripts using Braun and Clarke’s approach to identify emergent themes in the data. Dedoose® Version 9.0.107, a qualitative data analysis software platform, was utilized to facilitate data manipulation and retrieval during the analysis. Steps were taken to ensure the reliability of the qualitative data using Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Results: Among thirty-one pharmacy and medical student participants, three themes emerged from the data: (1) student recognition of stigma, (2) the role of healthcare professionals in harm reduction, and (3) calls to enhance advocacy efforts to improve patient outcomes. These themes collectively encompass key members of the healthcare team’s perceptions and solutions to SUD stigma. Conclusions: This research reveals the importance of expanding training opportunities to go beyond the SUD disease state, to other evidence-based approaches such as effective advocacy, harm reduction, and stigma, which impact the delivery of that care.
Evaluating the Implementation of Adolescent- and Youth-Friendly Services in the Selected Primary Healthcare Facilities in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province
Authors: Rammela Mukovhe , Makhado Lufuno
Published: November 2024

Background: The adolescent- and youth-friendly services (AYFS) programme has the potential to address several diverse problems within adolescents’ healthcare systems by improving the quality, accessibility, efficiency, and effectiveness of healthcare services. The country continues to suffer from structural and systemic factors that hinder the effective provision and implementation of AYFS despite its comprehensive legal and policy framework and commitment to enhancing young people’s health. Vhembe District has not been evaluated regarding the implementation of AYFS based on WHO global standards. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of AYFS against the World Health Organization (WHO) global standards for quality healthcare services for adolescents to strengthen these services in Vhembe District, Limpopo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the implementation of AYFS against the WHO global standards for quality healthcare services for adolescents in Vhembe District, Limpopo. Evaluating the implementation of AYFS was conducted through questionnaires distributed to healthcare providers in the selected primary healthcare facilities in Vhembe District. For descriptive statistical analysis, research data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The AYFS have been evaluated in depth across eight WHO global standards for quality health-care services for adolescents, with areas of success and areas for improvement identified. Provider competency reveals a disparity, with a majority (67.0%) of healthcare providers trained in effective communication with adolescents. In comparison, significantly fewer have received specific training in AYFS (16%) or on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) (25.9%), underscoring the need for a more balanced approach to training focus. Conclusion: Research findings highlight the strengths and gaps of AYFS in Vhembe District, aligned with government and WHO priorities for adolescent health. Addressing the identified gaps is vital to ensuring that healthcare facilities are adolescent- and youth-friendly, easily accessible, and can be implemented effectively to address adolescent and youth health challenges in Vhembe District.
Contextualized Experiences and Predictors of Condom Use in a Flemish Population: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Dewaele Alexis , Koppen Eva , Van den Eynde Sandra
Published: November 2024

This study aims to address the gap in understanding condom use (CU) behavior in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking community in Belgium) by applying a mixed methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. Utilizing a large-scale survey of over 14,000 participants and 11 in-depth interviews, the study explores key factors influencing CU, including (amongst others) relationship status, attitudes toward condoms, and STI testing. Quantitative findings highlight significant predictors such as the type of partner (casual vs. steady), STI testing behaviors, and negative attitudes toward condoms. Qualitative insights further reveal personal experiences that complicate CU decisions, such as the disruption of sexual flow and emotional dynamics within relationships. These findings underscore the complexity of CU behavior, showing that practical barriers (e.g., discomfort, fit) and personal beliefs play pivotal roles. The study concludes that targeted public health interventions could focus on improving condom accessibility and addressing both practical and emotional factors. Recommendations for sexual health education include promoting communication around CU and enhancing condom experimentation and fit. These findings contribute valuable insights into enhancing sexual health outcomes through more nuanced, contextualized approaches to condom use.
Developing a Measure of Financial Privacy: A Pilot Study of U.S. College Students
Authors: Hanson Thomas A. , Byrd Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

This study applied communication privacy management (CPM) theory to develop a new measure of financial privacy, encompassing three dimensions of ownership, permeability, and linkages. The exploratory factor analysis was based on a pilot survey of 371 U.S. college students. The development of this scale was motivated by previous research establishing links between financial literacy, financial socialization, and family communication patterns to suggest the importance of understanding and measuring the role of communication and privacy in the transmission of financial knowledge. Therefore, correlations are also presented between the new measure of financial privacy and measures of financial knowledge, confidence, and experience. The financial privacy scale attained adequate validity and reliability to encourage further refinement and utilization in future theoretical and practical research related to family financial socialization.
Late Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation in Rats with Sciatic Nerve Crush: Analysis of a Potential Therapeutic Time Window
Authors: Usach Vanina , Casadei Mailin , Piñero Gonzalo , Vence Marianela , Soto Paula , Cueto Alicia , Brumovsky Pablo Rodolfo , Setton-Avruj Clara Patricia
Published: November 2024

After peripheral nerve injury, axon and myelin regeneration are key events for optimal clinical improvements. We have previously shown that early bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplantation exerts beneficial effects on myelin regeneration. In the present study, we analyze whether there is a temporal window in which BMMCs migrate more efficiently to damaged nerves while still retaining their positive effects. Adult Wistar rats of both sexes, with sciatic nerve crush, were systemically transplanted with BMMC at different days post injury. Vehicle-treated, naïve, and sham rats were also included. Morphological, functional, and behavioral analyses were performed in nerves from each experimental group at different survival times. BMMC transplantation between 0 and 7 days after injury resulted in the largest number of nested cells within the injured sciatic nerve, which supports the therapeutic value of BMMC administration within the first week after injury. Most importantly, later BMMC administration 7 days after sciatic nerve crush was associated with neuropathic pain reversion, improved morphological appearance of the damaged nerves, and a tendency toward faster recovery in the sciatic functional index and electrophysiological parameters. Our results thus support the notion that even delayed BMMC treatment may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injuries.
Genome-Wide Identification of Freezing-Responsive Genes in a Rapeseed Line NTS57 Tolerant to Low-Temperature
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Wei Jiaping , Cui Junmei , Li Shichang , Zheng Guoqiang , Liu Zigang
Published: November 2024

Winter rapeseed is a high-oil crop that exhibits significant sensitivity to low temperatures, leading to a substantial reduction in production. Hence, it is of great significance to elucidate the genomic genetic mechanism of strong freezing-resistant winter rapeseed to improve their freezing-resistant traits. In this study, global transcriptome expression profiles of the freezing-resistant cultivar NTS57 (NS) under freezing stress were obtained for the years 2015, 2016, and 2017 by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the plant hormone signal transduction, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, protein processing, glutathione metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly positively and negatively correlated with overwintering rate (OWR), respectively. After freezing treatment, the formation of freezing resistance of NS was attributed to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and content of osmotic regulation substances, as well as the decrease in lipid peroxidation level. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and phenotypic verification indicated that heat stress transcription factor A2 (HSFA2) and 17.6 kDa class II heat shock protein (HSP17.6) participated in the response to freezing stress. This study will further refine the regulatory network of plants against freezing stress and help to screen candidate genes for improving plant freezing resistance.
The Preventive Effect of Ulinastatin on Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Rats with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After General Anaesthesia with Isoflurane
Authors: Cho Eun-Hwa , Seo Eun-Hye , Hong Seung-Wan , Kim Seong-Hyop
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the effect of ulinastatin on blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) following general anaesthesia with isoflurane. Specifically, we examined BBB permeability and the expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Rats in the ulinastatin group received the drug intraperitoneally (50,000 U/mL), while controls received normal saline (1 mL) administered before general anaesthesia. Isoflurane (1.5% volume) anaesthesia was induced for 2 h. Cognitive function was assessed using the Y-maze test. Two days after anaesthesia, BBB permeability was measured using Evans blue, and TIMP-1 expression was evaluated. Both groups experienced cognitive decline following anaesthesia. However, the ulinastatin group showed a more limited decrease (control group, 64.2 ± 19.3 → 30.2 ± 16.2, p = 0.008; ulinastatin group, 70.0 ± 15.7 → 66.5 ± 12.0, p = 0.67). The ulinastatin group showed a significantly lower permeability of the BBB (0.034 ± 0.003 µg/g in control group vs. 0.005 ± 0.002 µg/g in ulinastatin group, p = 0.0001), and also showed a significantly higher value of TIMP-1 expression (5.81 ± 1.94% in control group vs. 13.97 ± 2.59% in ulinastatin group, p = 0.0001). Administration of ulinastatin before general anaesthesia mitigated cognitive decline in rats with POCD, likely through the prevention of BBB dysfunction, as evidenced by the lower BBB permeability and increased TIMP-1 expression.
Hypoxic Human Microglia Promote Angiogenesis Through Extracellular Vesicle Release
Authors: Testa Alessandra Maria , Vignozzi Livia , Corallo Diana , Aveic Sanja , Viola Antonella , Allegra Manuela , Angioni Roberta
Published: November 2024

Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, orchestrate neuroinflammatory responses and are crucial in the progression of neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS), which accounts for approximately 85% of all strokes worldwide. Initially deemed detrimental, microglial activation has been shown to perform protective functions in the ischemic brain. Besides their effects on neurons, microglia play a role in promoting post-ischemic angiogenesis, a pivotal step for restoring oxygen and nutrient supply. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglia–endothelial cell interactions remain largely unresolved, particularly in humans. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated the angiogenic signature and properties of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by human microglia upon hypoxia–reperfusion stimulation. EVs were isolated and characterized in terms of their size, concentration, and protein content. Their angiogenic potential was evaluated using endothelial cell assays and a zebrafish xenograft model. The in vivo effects were further assessed in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Our findings identified key proteins orchestrating the pro-angiogenic functions of human microglial EVs under hypoxic conditions. In vitro assays demonstrated that hypoxic EVs (hypEVs) promoted endothelial cell migration and tube formation. In vivo, hypEVs induced vessel sprouting in zebrafish and increased microvessel density in the perilesional area of mice following ischemic stroke.
Characterization of Feeding Behaviors, Appetite Regulation and Growth Performance of All-Female (cyp17a1+/−;XX Genotype) Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Li Xuehui , Zou Qingqing , Liu Xuebo , Lou Qiyong , Jin Xia , He Jiangyan , Yin Zhan , Zhai Gang , Duan Ming , Chen Guanghui
Published: November 2024

Genome editing has the potential to improve growth and traits of aquatic animals. Assessment of the feeding habits of the genetically modified farmed fish is necessary, as this is closely related to the assessment of their growth performance, which is one of the most important economic traits. Previously, we developed a novel strategy to produce all-female (AF) common carp (cyp17a1+/−;XX genotype) with genome editing, which exhibited a growth advantage compared to the control carp (including control male and female carp). However, the feeding behavior related to the growth performance of wild-type control and AF common carp remains elusive. The results of feeding and swimming behaviors showed that AF common carp exhibited a faster feeding activities and more active swimming activities, which probably enhanced its growth performance. Brain gene expression analysis revealed AF common carp had a significant upregulation of the orexigenic factors gene expression levels in the fed state, which would further promote the growth of AF carp. Here, AF carp exhibited higher growth performance with higher growth hormone (gh) gene expression. This study provided insight into the growth performance, feeding behaviors and appetite regulation of the genetically modified AF carp and the assessment of feeding behaviors in other genetically modified farmed fish.
2D and 3D Nanostructured Metal Oxide Composites as Promising Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Techniques: Synthesis Methods and Properties
Authors: Bandas Cornelia , Orha Corina , Nicolaescu Mircea , Morariu (Popescu) Mina-Ionela , Lăzău Carmen
Published: November 2024

Due to population growth and global technological development, energy consumption has increased exponentially. The global energy crisis opens up many hotly debated topics regarding energy generation and consumption. Not only is energy production in short supply due to limited energy resources but efficient and sustainable storage has become a very important goal. Currently, there are energy storage devices such as batteries, capacitors, and super-capacitors. Supercapacitors or electrochemical capacitors can be very advantageous replacements for batteries and capacitors because they can achieve higher power density and energy density characteristics. The evolution and progress of society demand the use of innovative and composite nanostructured metal oxide materials, which fulfill the requirements of high-performance technologies. This review mainly addresses the synthesis techniques and properties of 2D and 3D metal oxide nanostructured materials, especially based on Ti, Fe, Ga, and Sn ions, electrochemical methods used for the characterization and application of 2D, and 3D nanostructured metal oxide structures in electrochemical storage systems of energy.
Cardiac Rehabilitation After Open Heart Surgery: A Narrative Systematic Review
Authors: Delimanoli Eleni , Muurlink Olav , Myrianthefs Pavlos , Korompeli Anna
Published: November 2024

Background: Postoperative cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are increasingly recommended by clinicians, but only a minority of patients who have undergone open heart surgery participate in such programs. Participation rates in postoperative CR, if anything, appear to be declining. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of post-operative CR and reveals possible participation barriers. Methods: A search of two scholarly databases for primary research papers published in the last decade examining the impact of post-operative CR was conducted and the resultant papers reviewed. Results: The 21 resulting studies revealed physiological functioning improvement and a reduction in mortality and readmission rates, while highlighting an enhancement in mental status. Some of the studies recognized the need for nutritional support and suggested that age, gender, access to CR centers, and socioeconomic variables impact participation in CR. Conclusions: Post-operative CR participation rates continue to decline despite increasing evidence of the value of the approach.
Umbilical and Placental Derivatives in Temporomandibular Joint Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lubecka Karolina , Chęciński Maciej , Chęcińska Kamila , Bliźniak Filip , Wach Tomasz , Szuta Mariusz , Chlubek Dariusz , Sikora Maciej
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This review aimed to gather and summarize the existing information on the clinical application of allogeneic umbilical and placental derivatives in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. Methods: Research on the impact of the use of umbilical and placental derivatives on reducing pain and improving mobility in the temporomandibular joint was included in the article. Medical databases, including ACM, BASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PubMed, were searched. The final search was conducted on 20 October 2024. Results: Out of the 43 records found, 5 were considered eligible for further analysis and showed that the use of placental and umbilical derivatives has the greatest potential in the treatment of ankylosis. The intra-articular administration of these tissues into the TMJ brings beneficial results, but they are similar to other, parallel methods, such as PRP or corticosteroids. Conclusions: The studies discussed may guide researchers in expanding clinical trials, particularly by including more patients with TMDs, and have promising potential in ankylotic disorders, where amniotic membrane use has shown clear benefits.
Association of RDW–Albumin Ratio, TG-Glucose Index, and PIV with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Akkaya Emre
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the RDW–albumin ratio (RAR), Triglyceride–glucose index (TGI), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) on predicting prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to assess the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical decision-making. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved patients diagnosed and treated from 2020 to 2024. The study population included individuals diagnosed with CAD (n = 450) as well as a control group without CAD (n = 150). Results: The RAR, TGI, and PIV were significantly higher in the CAD group (p < 0.01 for all). Furthermore, a high RAR was found to be a risk factor for CAD (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7, p < 0.01), while elevated TGI was also linked to an increased risk of CAD (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3–1.8, p < 0.01). Similarly, a high PIV was strongly associated with CAD risk (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7–2.4, p < 0.01). The combined analysis of RAR, TGI, and PIV yielded an AUC value of 0.78 (0.75–0.81), indicating that these biomarkers collectively provide high diagnostic accuracy for CAD, with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 77% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study not only emphasizes the significance of traditional risk factors in CAD, but also highlights new biomarkers that could improve predictive accuracy. The combined use of biomarkers such as the RAR, TGI, and PIV offers greater accuracy in diagnosing CAD. Thus, our research presents an innovative approach with the potential to enhance the prediction and management of CAD risk.
Factors Associated with Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Hand Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Napora Justyna , Gryglewski Krystian , Piotrowicz Miłosz , Lebiedź Piotr , Mazurek Tomasz , Nowicka-Sauer Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Background: Studies examining preoperative anxiety in patients awaiting hand surgery are scarce. Preoperative anxiety is a common reaction and can have a negative impact on treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the level of anxiety in patients undergoing hand surgery as a one-day procedure and to investigate the associations between patients’ preoperative anxiety and selected sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical variables. Methods: We examined 121 patients (77.7% women) who were operated on in an ambulatory setting. The mean age was 52.6 years (range: 24–84 years). Preoperative anxiety was assessed according to the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). The Visual Analogue Scale was used to assess irritability, depression, and pain. Results: Univariate analyses showed significant correlations between patients’ preoperative anxiety and increased age, surgery within a year since diagnosis, the presence of rehabilitation in their medical history, higher irritability, and living in rural areas. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between patients’ anxiety level and diagnosis of up to a year, a history of rehabilitation and the level of irritability. Conclusions: Patients undergoing hand surgery in an ambulatory surgery setting experience some preoperative anxiety. Younger patients, those with a shorter duration of disease, with a history of rehabilitation, those presenting intense irritability, and those living in rural areas may demand special attention.
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Volumetric Analysis of Muscle Mass as a Predictor of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Minsung , Lee Sang Min , Son Il Tae , Kang Jaewoong , Noh Gyoung Tae , Oh Bo Young
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based volumetric measurements for assessing sarcopenia are expected to offer comprehensive insight into three-dimensional muscle volume and distribution. Therefore, we investigated the role of sarcopenia using computed tomography (CT)-based automated AI volumetric muscle measurements in predicting neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) response and prognosis in patients with rectal cancer who underwent nCRT. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent nCRT followed by curative resection between March 2010 and August 2021. Sarcopenia was defined using the Q1 cutoff value of the volumetric skeletal muscle index (SMI). The association between pre-nCRT volumetric sarcopenia and nCRT response was analyzed using logistic regression. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the prognostic value of the pre- and post-nCRT volumetric SMIs. Results: Notably, 22 (25.6%) of the 86 patients had volumetric sarcopenia. The sarcopenia group showed a poorer nCRT response than the non-sarcopenia group. Pre-nCRT sarcopenia was a significant predictor of poor nCRT response (OR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.12–0.96]; p = 0.041). Furthermore, an increased volumetric SMI during nCRT was a more significant prognostic factor on recurrence-free survival (aHR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.08–0.83]; p = 0.023) and overall survival (aHR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.17–0.99]; p = 0.049) than a decreased SMI. Conclusions: Volumetric sarcopenia can be used to predict poor nCRT response. A reduction in volumetric sarcopenia can be a poor prognostic factor in patients with rectal cancer who undergo nCRT.
Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2
Authors: Muñoz-Urtubia Nicolás , Vega-Muñoz Alejandro , Salazar-Sepúlveda Guido , Contreras-Barraza Nicolás , Mendoza-Muñoz María , Ureta-Paredes Wladimir , Carabantes-Silva Remik
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of physical literacy (PL) in school children (10 to 16 years) in Santiago, Chile, and to explore the relationship between PL and body mass index (BMI). In addition, gender and age differences were analyzed in relation to PL levels in a context where childhood obesity remains a public health challenge. Methods: A total of 439 students in grades 5–8 were assessed using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) questionnaire. Demographic variables (sex, age, and BMI) were correlated with levels of motivation to engage in physical activity and physical activity knowledge. Chi-square and effect size were applied. Results: The results revealed a significant correlation between motivation for physical activity and gender, with boys showing higher levels of motivation than girls (χ² = 12.403, p < 0.006). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and motivation (effect size = 0.198), suggesting that more motivated children tend to have a healthier BMI. Knowledge about physical activity increased with age (χ² = 60.460, p < 0.001) but did not have a significant influence on BMI. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need to design gender-specific interventions that enhance motivation as a key factor in promoting a healthy lifestyle and physical activity adherence. Public health strategies should include motivation-driven approaches to foster physical literacy and long-term engagement in physical activity, particularly for girls, to address pediatric health challenges in Chile. Public health policies should address these factors to improve pediatric health outcomes.
Numerical Simulation of Seismoacoustic Wave Transformation at Sea–Land Interface
Authors: Dolgikh Grigory , Bolsunovskii Mikhail , Zharkov Denis , Zhostkov Ruslan , Presnov Dmitriy , Razin Andrey , Shurup Andrey
Published: November 2024

This study considers seismoacoustic wave propagation through the land–sea interface, i.e., in the presence of a coastal wedge, taking into account the real bottom bathymetry. It is of interest in the problems of coastal monitoring and environmental studies. An effective numerical model based on the finite element method is proposed and implemented. An approximate analytical solution in the fluid and an asymptotic analytical solution for the surface seismic wave on the shore are considered to validate the numerical model. It is shown that in field experiment conditions the hydroacoustic signal generated by an underwater source with a power of ~200 W is transformed into a seismic wave on the shore with an amplitude of units of nanometers at distances of several kilometers, which can be measured by a sensitive sensor. An extensive series of numerical simulations with different model parameters was performed, which allowed us to evaluate the most appropriate propagation medium parameters to match the observed and calculated data.
Bionic Raft Design and Performance Investigation of a Two-Raft Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Li Biao , Zhang Xianku , Liu Taimin , Adan Hamse Saed
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a two-raft wave energy conversion technology with bionic rafts, aiming to enhance the wave energy capture performance of existing devices with regularly shaped rafts. The cross-sectional shape of the bionic raft is designed as a nested pattern of the long and short axes of two semi-ellipses, which is inspired by the cross-sectional shape of the flat shark. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the wave energy converter (WEC) with the bionic raft in waves, it is verified that the designed bionic raft positively enhances the wave excitation force acting on the raft and the wave power capture factor of the power take-off (PTO) system. Taking the maximum wave energy capture factor as the optimization objective, the optimal geometric parameters of the bionic raft are calculated and determined by numerical simulation. Subsequently, the effects of wave period, raft draught, and the linear viscous damping coefficient of the PTO system on the wave excitation force, raft motion, and wave energy capture factor are investigated in the frequency domain. Furthermore, the dimensionless optimal values of the aforementioned influencing factors are presented and discussed as the wave energy capture factors of the WECs reach their maximum values. This work provides a new design idea for the development and optimization of multi-raft WECs.
Numerical Simulation of Self-Propelled Dive Motion of a Virtual Mooring Buoy
Authors: Li Hongyu , Cao Huijie , Xu Jiayi , Li Wenxin , Ma Qingfeng , Ma Weizhuang
Published: November 2024

To verify the feasibility of the variable wing actuator for a virtual mooring buoy, this paper investigates the self-propelled dive motion of a virtual mooring buoy under hydrostatic variable density conditions using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The virtual mooring buoy developed by our research group is used in this study, and the numerical simulation is performed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation and the SST K-Omega turbulence model to capture the turbulent flow. Grid convergence studies were conducted at three grid resolutions to ensure the accuracy of the numerical simulations. The effects of different wing angles on the self-propelled dive motion of the buoy are focused on and analyzed. The results show that the maximum velocity of the buoy in the horizontal direction can reach 0.31 m/s, with a wing angle of −8°, which is about 35% higher than that of 0°, effectively enhancing the buoy’s anti-disturbance capability against the horizontal currents. In addition, this study further analyzes the self-propelled dive motion of the buoy with variable wing angles. The results show that the velocity and attitude of the buoy at any moment are basically the same as those under the corresponding fixed wing angle. This shows that it is possible to change the motion of the buoy by varying the wing angle, verifying the feasibility of the variable wing actuator.
Experimental Investigation on Wave and Bed Profile Evolution in a Sandbar-Lagoon Coast with Submerged Vegetation
Authors: Xing Wei , Cong Xin , Kuang Cuiping , Wang Dan , An Zhenzhen , Zou Qingping
Published: November 2024

Better understanding of the hydro- and morphodynamic processes within vegetated sandbar-lagoon coasts is important for assessing the coastal protection capability of vegetation meadow for the coastal environments. Eighteen flume tests were conducted in a mobile-bed sandbar-lagoon with mimicked submerged vegetation under different water depths and wave conditions. It was found that wave attenuation by submerged vegetation near the breaking point is significant. An empirical linear expression for the total wave energy change ratio is proposed with a determination coefficient of 0.84. Moreover, the quantitative formulae for the erosion volume and maximum erosion thickness of sandbars and foredunes, as well as the total sediment transport volume, were proposed to demonstrate the implications of submerged vegetation meadows. These findings provide scientific references for coastal management and conservation planning, especially for sandbar-lagoon coasts. Nevertheless, additional physical experiments or field data are necessary to further validate those formulae.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Growth-Promoting Effect of Large Macrofungal Sclerotium Powder on Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus eryngii Strains
Authors: Chen Zhanghu , Yang Ruiheng , Li Yan , Tang Lihua , Xiong Huiyang , Bao Dapeng , Guo Ting
Published: November 2024

In the industrial production of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus eryngii, slow growth of the mother seed and insufficient hyphal vitality can significantly affect the cultivation process. To shorten the growth period on traditional PDA medium, two strains of L. edodes and P. eryngii were cultured with different proportions of P. tuber-regium and Wolfiporia hoelen sclerotium powders added into the medium to investigate the effect on the mycelial growth. Compared to the PDA, the addition of sclerotia powder significantly enhanced the growth of mycelia, with an optimal addition ratio of 2%. Transcriptome sequencing was performed after culturing L. edodes and P. eryngii on PDA, PDA with 2% P. tuber-regium sclerotium powder, and PDA with 2% W. hoelen sclerotium powder. GO enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of L. edodes and P. eryngii strains cultured in the sclerotia powder media showed significant changes in oxidoreductase and glucosidase activities. Changes were observed in KEGG annotation for carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and other energy metabolic pathways. Moreover, carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) family genes were predominantly upregulated. The increase in the activity of CAZyme and oxidoreductases promotes the degradation of nutrients in the sclerotia into small-molecule substances, which explains why the sclerotia powder culture medium promotes mycelial growth.
Tracing Pharmaceuticals in Water Systems: Focus on Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Treatments
Authors: Paíga Paula , Delerue-Matos Cristina
Published: November 2024

Pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems pose significant environmental and public health challenges. Identifying the presence and levels of these pharmaceuticals is crucial. This study developed an analytical method to detect pharmaceuticals used for Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) disease, including psychiatric drugs and the stimulant caffeine, targeting 30 compounds. Optimized mass spectrometric and liquid chromatographic parameters enabled robust detection and quantification. The methodology was applied to 25 surface and wastewater samples. Twenty-one compounds were detected including eight psychiatric drugs, five metabolites (citalopram N-oxide, citalopram propionic acid, desmethylcitalopram, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine), and seven AD/PD pharmaceuticals along with caffeine. Nine compounds (apomorphine, benserazide, donepezil, didemethylcitalopram, carbidopa, norfluoxetine, galantamine, pramipexole, and safinamide) were not detected. Fluoxetine was found in all samples, and caffeine had the highest concentration at 76,991 ng/L, reflecting its high consumption. Concentrations ranged from 29.8 to 656 ng/L for caffeine, <MDL to 381 ng/L for psychiatric drugs, and <MDL to 37.1 ng/L for AD and PD pharmaceuticals in surface water. In wastewater, concentrations ranged from 140 to 76,991 ng/L for caffeine, <MDL to 5227 ng/L for psychiatric drugs, and <MDL to 206 ng/L for AD and PD pharmaceuticals. These findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive environmental monitoring.