bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wrap-Gate CNT-MOSFET Based SRAM Bit-Cell with Asymmetrical Ground Gating and Built-In Read-Assist Schemes for Application in Limited-Energy Environments
Authors: Darabi Abdolreza , Salehi Mohammad Reza , Abiri Ebrahim
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a novel design of ultra-low power radiation-hardened single-ended SRAM bit-cell using the gate-all-around CNT-MOSFET based-gate diffusion input method (GAA CNT-GDI) for application in radiation-prone terrestrial (low-orbit) environments, where resources of circuit’s power supply are limited. In the structure of bit-cell to improve read-/hold-stability and expand write-ability several schemes have been used such as asymmetric virtual ground gating, built-in read-assist and the multi-diameter/chirality for CNTs. Also, in order to investigate single/double upsets, injection circuit model using the structure of the T-connected pseudo resistors (TPRs) has been proposed. The results of extensive Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations to evaluate the proposed bit-cell indicate expand write/hold/read static noise margins about 12.5%, 3.8%, and 8.2%, other figure of merits (FoMs), such as performance, yield, variability (μ/σ) and critical charge about 6.4 %, 5.8 % and almost 1.19 times respectively compared to studied cell design in counterpart technologies. Moreover, the suggested bit-cell has more robustness against radiation-induced soft errors with high reliability of data storage in the presence of critical voltage conditions, and better results in terms of other comprehensive FoMs as compared to state-of-the-art bit-cells in the 16 nm technology. The proposed bit-cell in a real application is used to store data from two-layer quick-response (2LQR) code-based in safety-critical environments. The results show the better performance of bit-cell in terms of a comprehensive FoM, which provides more effective trade-off between the hardware efficiency and quality metrics to evaluate the appropriate accuracy in the pixel-by-pixel image as compared to other well-known counterpart designs. Finally, the simulation results have validated that the suggested memory architecture can be a suitable candidate for application in devices such as terrestrial satellites that require both high reliability and cost-effectiveness.
Investigation of Crosstalk Issues for MWCNT Bundled TSVs in Ternary Logic
Authors: Shaik Javid Basha , Venkatramana P.
Published: March 2022

The investigation of crosstalk issues for coupled through silicon vias (TSVs) in ternary logic is presented in this study. The crosstalk issues are analyzed for coupled TSVs utilizing multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as conductive filler, and polymer liners such as polyimide, polypropylene carbonate (PPC), benzocyclobutene (BCB) as insulating materials. For the coupled TSVs, the electrical equivalent circuit model is used to investigate the crosstalk which is driven by the ternary inverter. Based on the Hewlett simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (HSPICE) simulations, the effects of crosstalk such as functional and dynamic crosstalk for proposed TSVs are compared with single-walled CNT (SWCNT) TSVs. Furthermore, the other performance parameters such as power dissipation, power delay product (PDP), and energy delay product (EDP) are investigated. The crosstalk effects of the proposed model are also examined for various TSV heights. It is noticed that the BCB based coupled MWCNT TSVs provide a significant improvement in crosstalk at reduced TSV height. It is also noticed that the proposed TSVs improved the overall performance up to 30.21% compared to the SWCNT based TSVs. Hence, the MWCNT based TSVs with BCB liner are most suitable for ternary logic integrated circuits (ICs) over the conventional TSVs.
Inhibition of glutaminase 1-mediated glutaminolysis improves pathological cardiac remodeling
Authors: Yoshikawa Sachiko , Nagao Manabu , Toh Ryuji , Shinohara Masakazu , Iino Takuya , Irino Yasuhiro , Nishimori Makoto , Tanaka Hidekazu , Satomi-Kobayashi Seimi , Ishida Tatsuro , Hirata Ken-Ichi
Published: March 2022

To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that increased GLS1 expression and subsequent activation of glutaminolysis are associated with exacerbation of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Inhibiting GLS1 antagonized the adverse cardiac remodeling in vitro and in vivo, partly due to reduction of glutamine-derived metabolites, which are necessary for cellular growth and proliferation. Increased glutamine utilization for anabolic reactions in cardiac cells may be related to the pathogenesis and development of HF.
The effects of eccentric exercise-induced fatigue on position sense during goal-directed movement
Authors: Grose George , Manzone Damian M. , Eschelmuller Gregg , Peters Ryan M. , Carpenter Mark G. , Inglis J. Timothy , Chua Romeo
Published: March 2022

Dynamic position errors were examined in an eccentric and a passive elbow extension proprioceptive-targeting task, before and after eccentric exercise, with and without muscle vibration. Participants actively undershot the target more when fatigued while fatigue did not exacerbate task accuracy during passive movement. Vibration caused undershoots regardless of fatigue state during active and passive movements. We propose that the CNS continues to rely on muscle spindles for kinesthesia, even when they reside in a fatigued muscle.
Pectinase from Microorganisms and Its Industrial Applications
Authors: Haile Setegn , Ayele Abate
Published: March 2022

The utilization of microbial pectinase in different industries has been increased in its world demand. The major sources of pectinase are microorganisms mainly bacteria, fungi and yeast. The utilization of low-cost agro-industrial wastes as substrates has been preferable in pectinase production. Pectinase production faced various parameters optimization constraints such as temperature, pH and production times which are the main factors in pectinase production. The pectinase enzyme is getting attention due to its several advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage in different industries. This review discusses the pectin substance structure, substrate for pectinase production, factors influencing pectinase production, the industrial application of microbial pectinase and also discusses challenges and future opportunities of applying microbial pectinase in industry.
Digital Technology Boosting Agricultural Supply-Side Constitutive Revolution in Poor Areas Based on the Intelligent Environment of the Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Chengying , Li Xuetao
Published: March 2022

China is a big agricultural country, and China’s agricultural development is related to the development of the country. Especially in poor rural areas, the development of agriculture still stays at low-level manual farming. Therefore, with the help of the developed Internet of Things technology, it is necessary for digital technology to develop and reform the rural areas in poverty-stricken areas. This paper aims to promote the supply-side structural revolution of agriculture in poverty-stricken areas by digital technology based on intelligent environment of Internet of Things. Firstly, the KNN intelligent algorithm is improved to improve the accuracy and reduce the time complexity. Then, based on the data support of Internet of Things technology, a prediction model is built, and the parameters are optimized by particle swarm optimization, and finally the best prediction model with high prediction accuracy, good stability and reduced prediction time complexity is obtained. Taking the source area of the Danjiang River in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project as the research object, the total grain output and soybean production demand in this area from 2010 to 2018 were selected, and the change trend of soybean production and demand in this area from 2019 to 2021 was predicted. The experimental data show that the soybean output in this region has increased year by year, with a cumulative increase of 6,985.4 tons from 2010 to 2018. Soybean output sometimes exceeds demand, and sometimes it is less than demand. There will be an oversupply situation in 2019 and 2021, and an oversupply situation in 2020. Therefore, the prediction model of Internet of Things can effectively predict the supply and demand situation of soybean with an accuracy rate of over 90%, which can provide data support for the decision-making of structural change of agricultural supply side in poverty-stricken areas.
Resistance Training Interventions for Lower Limb Tendinopathies: A Scoping Review of Resistance Training Reporting Content, Quality, and Scientific Implementation
Authors: Burton Ian , McCormack Aisling
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this scoping review were as follows: (1) to describe what exercises and intervention variables are used in resistance training interventions for lower limb tendinopathy,  (2) to assess the completeness of reporting as assessed by the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and the Toigo and Boutellier framework, and (3) to assess the implementation of scientific resistance training principles. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case series, case reports, and observational studies that reported using resistance exercises for lower limb tendinopathies were considered for inclusion, with 194 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Completeness of the reporting of exercise descriptors and programme variables was assessed by the CERT and the Toigo and Boutellier framework. Reporting of exercise descriptor items from the Toigo and Boutellier framework ranged from 0 to 13, with an average score of 9/13, with only 9 studies achieving a full 13/13. Reporting of items from the CERT ranged from 0 to 18, with an average score of 13/19. No study achieved a full 19/19; however, 8 achieved 18/19. Scoring for resistance training principles ranged from 1 to 10, with only 14 studies achieving 10/10. Eccentric heel-drops were the most common exercise (75 studies), followed by isotonic heel raises (38), and single-leg eccentric decline squats (27). The reporting of exercise descriptors and intervention content was high across studies, with most allowing exercise replication, particularly for Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. However, reporting for some tendinopathies and content items such as adherence was poor, limiting optimal translation to clinical practice.
A Simplified Method of Microscopic Polarizability Tensor Differential of Hyper-Raman Spectroscopy Based on the Bond Additivity Model
Authors: Wang Yuan , Huang Liping
Published: March 2022

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and Ccherent anti-Stokes hyper-Raman spectroscopy (CAHRS), as other high-order nonlinear spectroscopy techniques, are widely exploited in many research fields, such as dynamic processes, gene expression spectrum screening, high-resolution spectroscopy, and nonlinear high-resolution imaging. However, it is difficult to make a quantitative analysis of the spectral signals that involve a large number of high-order micropolarizability tensors. It is reported that the CARS and CAHRS microscopic hyperpolarizability tensor elements can be decomposed into the product of the differentiation of Raman microscopic polarizability tensor α′i′j′ and hyper-Raman microscopic polarizability tensor β′i′j′k′ so that the high-order spectra can be simplified to the analysis of low-order spectra. In this paper, we use the bond additivity model (BAM) combined with experimental corrections to address the carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule and present the simplified scheme for differentiation of hyper-Raman microscopic polarizability tensor elements β′i′j′k′. Taking advantage of this approach, combined with the experimental correction, the differentiation of Hyper-Raman microscopic polarizability tensor elements β′i′j′k′ of the CO2 is obtained and the expressions of β′i′j′k′ for antisymmetric vibrations of CO2 are deduced. Finally, substituting the differentiation of Raman microscopic polarizability tensor elements α′i′j′ reported in the literature into the ratio above can obtain the proportional relationship between the microscopic polarizability tensor elements of CARS and CAHRS of the CO2. This method can provide the basis for the quantitative analysis of high-order nonlinear spectral profiles.
Action of College Chinese Education and Information Fusion Teaching Based on the Background of Big Data
Authors: Qi Qiujuan , Wang Xiaoli
Published: March 2022

In order to meet the needs of the development of the times and the cultivation of innovative talents, various countries have carried out a series of educational reforms. It seeks more diversified talent training methods through innovative education and teaching methods. With the development of science and technology and the diversification of information, the integration of multilevel, distributed, and massive information has become the development direction of various disciplines. Therefore, this research is based on the background of big data, exploring the way of university Chinese education and information fusion teaching under the education reform and helping students establish a systematic subject knowledge system. This article chooses two parallel classes of similar level as the experimental group and the control group. It analyzes the results of the four aspects of the students’ ancient and modern language and writing analysis, college students’ Chinese reading comprehension, college students’ Chinese writing application, and college students’ language expression and communication through test papers. The experimental results of this article show that the

P

values of these four aspects are all less than 0.05, indicating that the learning effect of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group.
Research on Network Oral English Teaching System Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Xiaowei
Published: March 2022

With the development of computer science and technology and the advancement of language teaching and learning methods, computer-assisted language learning technology has made it possible to solve this problem. In the area of oral learning, some computer-assisted language learning systems at home and abroad mainly focus on the learning of words and grammar and only have one or two evaluation indicators as the basis of evaluation, which have certain functional defects and can only give an overall rating to learners’ pronunciation. To address these problems, this paper takes the English speech of Chinese college students as the research object and improves the traditional computerized English pronunciation quality evaluation method by considering multiplicative evaluation indexes, such as pitch, speed, rhythm, and intonation; i.e., pitch evaluation is based on frequency central feature parameters, speech speed evaluation based on speech duration, rhythm evaluation. The method of pitch, speed, rhythm, and intonation evaluation has been experimentally verified to be reliable. Furthermore, considering the weight of the above multiplicative evaluation indexes.
Character Creation Model and Analysis of Figure Painting Fused with Texture Synthesis Style Transfer Algorithm
Authors: Sun Hongli
Published: March 2022

Texture fusion is the process of applying the style of one style image to another content image. It is an artistic creation and image editing technology. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning has injected new power into the field of computer vision, and a large number of image style transfer algorithms based on deep learning have been proposed. At the same time, some current character conversion algorithms based on unsupervised learning also face the loss of the content and structure of the generated characters, and at the same time, they have not learned a good face deformation effect, resulting in poor image generation effects. This paper studies the relevant research background and research significance of image style transfer methods and summarizes them in the time sequence of their development; summarizes the style transfer algorithms based on deep learning, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each type of algorithm. Based on the fast style transfer algorithm, this method adds a saliency detection network and designs a saliency loss function. In the training process, the difference between the saliency map of the generated image and the content image is additionally calculated, and the saliency loss is used as a part of the total loss for iterative training. Experiments show that the stylized image generated by this algorithm can better retain the salient area of the content image and has a good visual effect. Compared with the original network, the amount of parameters of the attention mechanism is very small, and there is almost no additional burden.
Utilization of Waste Textile Cotton by Synthesizing Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose: An Approach to Minimize Textile Solid Waste
Authors: Rahaman Md. Samsur , Nahar Sultana Shamsun , Islam Jahid M. M. , Samadder Rajib , Rahaman Md. Saifur , Chadni Rujina Khatun , Shagor Faisal Rahaman , Rahman Md. Latifur , Ruhane Tania Akter , Khan Mubarak Ahmad
Published: March 2022

This research uses waste textile cotton (WTC) from the textile industry as a raw material to synthesize sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by adapting a modified etherification methodology. Yields of technical CMC (TCMC), semipurified CMC (SPCMC), and purified CMC (PCMC) were

3.45
±
0.17

 g,

2.49
±
0.08

 g, and

1.51
±
0.016

 g, respectively, per gram of cotton waste. Degree of substitution (DS) values of PCMC, SPCMC, and TCMC was

0.998
±
0.007

,

0.79
±
0.031

, and

0.561
±
0.029

, respectively. For PCMC, SPCMC, and TCMC, the purity of the prepared different grades of CMC was

98.59
±
0.12

%,

78.56
±
1.93

%, and

61.59
±
2.31

%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peak values were 3437 cm-1, 1609 cm-1, and 1427 cm-1, proving WTC conversion to CMC. Furthermore,

2
θ

values of X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks were 9.7 and 20.5, confirming the transformation of WTC to CMC as well. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been assessed to define CMC’s thermal stability and morphology, respectively.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Information Sharing in Industry 4.0
Authors: Rao Xiaoyang , Yan Xuesong
Published: March 2022

Intelligent manufacturing is an important part of Industry 4.0; artificial intelligence technology is a necessary means to realize intelligent manufacturing. This requires the exploration of pattern recognition, computer vision, intelligent optimization, and other related technologies. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is an optimization algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of birds. PSO was an intelligent technology and an efficient optimization algorithm verified by a lot of research and experiments. In this paper, the traditional PSO algorithm is compared with genetic algorithms (GA) to illustrate the performance of the traditional PSO algorithm. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional PSO algorithm, the traditional PSO algorithm is improved through introducing into the sharing information mechanism and the competition strategy, called information sharing based PSO (IPSO). The novel algorithm IPSO was the rapid convergence speed similar to the traditional PSO and enhanced the global search capability. Our experimental results show that IPSO has better performance than the traditional PSO and the GA algorithm on benchmark functions, especially for difficult functions.
Hematobiochemical, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Mediated Toxicity Induced by Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) Nanoparticles in Rabbits
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahid , Buzdar Saeed Ahmad , Hussain Riaz , Afzal Gulnaz , Jabeen Ghazala , Javid Muhammad Arshad , Iqbal Rehana , Iqbal Zahid , Mudassir Khola Bint , Saeed Saba , Rauf Abdur , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq
Published: March 2022

From the past few decades, attention towards the biological evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased due to the persistent and extensive application of NPs in various fields, including biomedical science, modern industry, magnetic resonance imaging, and the construction of sensors. Therefore, in the current study, magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles (NFNPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their possible adverse effects in rabbits. The crystallinity of the synthesized NFNPs was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The saturation magnetization (46.7 emug-1) was measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and 0.35-tesla magnetron by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The adverse effects of NFNPs on blood biochemistry and histoarchitecture of the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, and heart of the rabbits were determined. A total of sixteen adult rabbits, healthy and free from any apparent infection, were blindly placed in two groups. The rabbits in group A served as control, while the rabbits in group B received a single dose (via ear vein) of NFNPs for ten days. The blood and visceral tissues were collected from each rabbit at days 5 and 10 of posttreatment. The results on blood and serum biochemistry profile indicated significant variation in hematological and serum biomarkers in NFNP-treated rabbits. The results showed an increased quantity of oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidant enzymes in treated rabbits. Various serum biochemical tests exhibited significantly higher concentrations of different liver function tests, kidney function tests, and cardiac biomarkers. Histopathologically, the liver showed congestion, edema, atrophy, and degeneration of hepatocytes. The kidneys exhibited hemorrhages, atrophy of renal tubule, degeneration, and necrosis of renal tubules, whereas coagulative necrosis, neutrophilic infiltration, and severe myocarditis were seen in different sections of the heart. The brain of the treated rabbits revealed necrosis of neurons, neuron atrophy, and microgliosis. In conclusion, the current study results indicated that the highest concentration of NPs induced adverse effects on multiple tissues of the rabbits.
Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Cu/Al Joints with Different Interfacial Microstructures
Authors: Wei Yanni , Chen Yu , Niu Rui , Yang Qing , Luo Yongguang , Zou Juntao
Published: March 2022

Three types of Cu/Al joints with different interfacial microstructures prepared by diffusion bonding, friction stir welding, and explosive welding were obtained, and the interfacial thermal conductivity was emphatically discussed in this paper. Two layers of intermetallic compounds with a width of 5∼12 μm were formed in the joint prepared by diffusion bonding. And a mixture of a supersaturated solid solution and few dispersed compounds with a thickness less than 1 μm was formed in the friction stir welding Cu/Al joint. The bonding interface of the Cu/Al explosive welding joint presented a wavy-like morphology with a width of 300∼350 μm. The interfacial thermal conductivity with different interfacial microstructure was calculated analytically using the acoustic mismatch model and compared with the measured value of the joints. The interfacial thermal conductivity mainly depends on the type of interfacial phase and its thickness. The calculated result showed that the interfacial thermal conductivity of friction stir welding joint was the highest (1∼8 × 107 W m−2·K−1). The experiment results suggested that the interfacial thermal conductivity showed the trend that explosive welding < friction stir welding < diffusion bonding.
Inheritance of Sports Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Construction of Physical Education in Colleges and Universities under the Wireless Communication Microprocessor
Authors: Deng Mingdan , Zheng Xianjie , Chen Li
Published: March 2022

In the past decade, the global recognition of traditional sports intangible cultural heritage (ICH) assets has been increasing. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the inheritance of sports ICH and the construction of characteristic physical education (PE) in colleges and universities. The rapid development of wireless communication technology requires wireless communication digital processors to have higher processing efficiency and faster response time. In the application of wireless communication digital signal processing equipment, compared with the traditional central processing unit, the microprocessor has the advantages of rapid processing response time and small size. It is a high-tech application instrument widely used in the field of industrial control. This paper mainly introduces the concept and characteristics of sports ICH and introduces the characteristics of college sports. In this study, we randomly selected 500 students from different majors and classes of 2019 grade in our university. The 500 students were divided into two groups: one group for a semester of traditional PE and the other group for a semester of college characteristic PE. After the semester, the two groups of students’ mastered sports ICH skills, physical fitness exercise methods, and physical fitness test scores were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that after a semester of PE, the number of students in the college characteristic sports group who master three and four sports ICH skills has increased by 12% and 4.8%, respectively, compared with the traditional sports group. The average scores of physical fitness test of college students in characteristic sports group and traditional sports group were 79.39 and 69.85, respectively. In this paper, the inheritance of sports ICH and the construction of college characteristic sports curriculum and college characteristic PE rather than traditional PE can promote students’ interest in sports, so as to master more sports ICH skills, with better inheritance of sports ICH.
Coal Permeability Variation during the Heating Process considering Thermal Expansion and Desorption Shrinkage
Authors: Su Xiaoyu , Feng Zengchao , Cai Tingting , Shen Yongxing
Published: March 2022

In order to explore the influence of coal deformation caused by temperature and desorption on seepage characteristics in the process of heat injection mining of coalbed methane, the permeability test, thermal expansion, and constant temperature adsorption desorption of coal samples under different temperature and stress states were carried out using the high temperature multifunctional triaxial test system, and the influence of thermal expansion and desorption deformation effect on coal permeability in the process of temperature increase is studied. The results show that (1) with the increase of temperature, the sensitivity of coal thermal expansion deformation to temperature decreases gradually. The thermal expansion deformation makes the coal matrix expand, and the seepage channel is squeezed and the permeability decreases. (2) The effect of thermal expansion deformation is related to the porosity of coal. When the porosity of coal is high, the thermal expansion deformation reduces the permeability; on the contrary, the inward expansion of thermal expansion deformation is limited, and the effect on permeability is weakened. (3) The desorption of coal cause matrix shrinkage. The higher the desorption amount, the more obvious the shrinkage and the higher the permeability. Increasing temperature promotes desorption deformation of coal and increases permeability. (4) In the process of increasing temperature, the change of coal permeability is affected by thermal expansion deformation and desorption deformation. With the increase of temperature, when the influence of thermal expansion deformation on coal permeability is dominant, the permeability decreases gradually, and when desorption deformation is dominant on coal permeability, the permeability increases gradually. (5) With the increase of axial pressure, confining pressure, and pore pressure, the decrease of coal porosity is smaller. When the temperature increases, the temperature corresponding to the minimum permeability point is smaller. The research conclusion provides a basis for the technology of heat injection mining coalbed methane.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Bioactive, Ormocer, and Conventional GIC Restorative Materials in Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study Microleakage of Three Restorative Materials
Authors: Jain Khushboo , Katge Farhin , Poojari Manohar , Shetty Shilpa , Patil Devendra , Ghadge Sanjana
Published: March 2022

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the microleakage of bioactive, ormocer, and conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorative materials in primary molars. In this study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 75 noncarious extracted primary molars. The teeth were then restored as per the groups assigned. Group A, group B, and group C used bioactive restorative materials, ormocer restorative materials, and conventional GIC restorative materials for restorations, respectively. The teeth were then thermocycled and subjected to microleakage analysis via dye penetration. The microleakage scores were compared for differences using the Kruskal–Wallis test. This was followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using the Dunn test. All testing was carried out using a ‘p’ value of <0.05. The percentage of samples showing microleakage score 0 depicting no dye penetration was highest for group A (56%) followed by group C (44%) and group B (12%). Statistical analysis revealed highest microleakage with group B, which was statistically significant (

p

 < 0.05). Microleakage was evident in all the materials tested. The lowest microleakage was seen with bioactive restorative material.
Intelligent Intersection Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yang Senlin , Chong Xin , Li Xilong , Li Ruixing
Published: March 2022

The preprocessed images are input to a pretrained neural network to obtain the corresponding feature mapping, and the corresponding region of interest is set for each point in the feature mapping to obtain multiple candidate feature regions; subsequently, these candidate feature regions are fed into a region proposal network and a deep residual network for binary classification and BB regression, and some of the candidate feature regions are filtered out, and the remaining feature regions are subjected to ROIAIign operation; finally, classification, BB regression, and mask generation are performed on these feature regions, and full convolutional nerve network operation is performed in each feature region and output. To further identify the specific model of the vehicle, this paper proposes a multifeature model recognition method that fuses the improved model with the optimized Mask R-CNN algorithm. A vehicle local feature dataset including vehicle badges, lights, air intake grille, and whole vehicle outline is established to simplify the network structure of model. Meanwhile, its detection frame generation process and the adjustment rules of overlapping frame confidence in nonmaximum suppression are improved for coarse vehicle localization. Then, the generated vehicle detection frames after localization are output to the Mask R-CNN algorithm after further optimizing the RPN structure. The localized vehicle detection frames are then output to the Mask R-CNN algorithm after further optimization of the RPN structure for local feature recognition, and good recognition results are achieved. Finally, this paper establishes a distributed server-based vehicle recognition system, which mainly includes database module, file module, feature extraction and matching module, message queue module, WEB module, and vehicle detection module. Due to the limitations of traditional region generation methods, this paper provides a brief analysis of the region generation network in the Faster R-CNN algorithm and details the loss calculation principle of the output layer.
BRD4 Inhibition Suppresses Senescence and Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Inducing Autophagy during Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Zhang Guang-Zhi , Chen Hai-Wei , Deng Ya-jun , Liu Ming-Qiang , Wu Zuo-Long , Ma Zhan-Jun , He Xue-Gang , Gao Yi-Cheng , Kang Xue-Wen
Published: March 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the most common chronic skeletal muscle degeneration disease. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, nucleus pulposus (NP) autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis are known to play a critical role in this process. Previous studies suggest that bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) promotes senescent and apoptotic effects in several age-related degenerative diseases. It is not known, however, if BRD4 inhibition is protective in IDD. In this study, we explored whether BRD4 influenced IDD. In human clinical specimens, the BRD4 level was markedly increased with the increasing Pfirrmann grade. At the cellular level, BRD4 inhibition prevented IL-1β-induced senescence and apoptosis of NP cells and activated autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partially reversed the antisenescence and antiapoptotic effects of BRD4. In vivo, BRD4 inhibition attenuated IDD. Taken together, the results of this study showed that BRD4 inhibition reduced NP cell senescence and apoptosis by induced autophagy, which ultimately alleviated IDD. Therefore, BRD4 may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IDD.
Inverter Design and Droop Parallel Control Strategy Based on Virtual Impedance
Authors: Wang Lu
Published: March 2022

The present work is aimed at improving the performance of the multiobjective energy parallel step-by-step power generation system and enhancing the reliability and stability of the energy supply. Firstly, the difficulties of the ring current control method of the inverter power supply are summarized. Secondly, the causes of ring current in the circuit are analyzed. On this basis, the topology structure of the primary circuit of the inverter unit is designed, and the simulation model of the droop control is proposed for the inverter power supply. Finally, experiments are implemented to test the performance of the model. The results demonstrate that the waveform quality of the output voltage of the parallel system controlled by the virtual impedance technology is significantly improved. Specifically, the harmonic content near the fundamental wave significantly decreases compared with the original, from 6% to about 2%. Besides, the interference of the ring current to the parallel control inverter of the power supply system is weakened, and the output stability of the inverter power supply is improved. This study designs the structure of the inverter converter based on multiobjective decision-making and discusses the droop parallel control strategy. It provides a specific reference for controlling the circuit parallel system and has positive promotion significance for sustainable energy management and the rational utilization of electric energy.
Adult-Attained Height and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Elinor , Wang Lin , Santiago Celina N. , Nanavati Julie , Rifkin Samara , Spence Emma , Hylind Linda M. , Gills Joell J. , La Luna Louis , Kafonek David R. , Cromwell David M. , Drewes Julia L. , Sears Cynthia L. , Giardiello Francis M. , Mullin Gerard E. ,   the Biofilm Study Consortium
Published: March 2022

Background:

The influence of anthropometric characteristics on colorectal neoplasia biology is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if adult-attained height is independently associated with the risk of colorectal cancer or adenoma.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to August 2020 for studies on the association between adult-attained height and colorectal cancer or adenoma. The original data from the Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, MD) Colon Biofilm study was also included. The overall HR/OR of colorectal cancer/adenoma with increased height was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results:

We included 47 observational studies involving 280,644 colorectal cancer and 14,139 colorectal adenoma cases. Thirty-three studies reported data for colorectal cancer incidence per 10-cm increase in height; 19 yielded an HR of 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–1.17; P < 0.001), and 14 engendered an OR of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05–1.13; P < 0.001). Twenty-six studies compared colorectal cancer incidence between individuals within the highest versus the lowest height percentile; 19 indicated an HR of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.19–1.30; P < 0.001), and seven resulting in an OR of 1.07 (95% CI, 0.92–1.25; P = 0.39). Four studies reported data for assessing colorectal adenoma incidence per 10-cm increase in height, showing an overall OR of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00–1.12; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Greater adult attained height is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma.

Impact:

Height should be considered as a risk factor for colorectal cancer screening.
Circulating Cell-free DNA as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Advanced ALK+ Non–small Cell Lung Cancer in the Global Phase III ALEX Trial
Authors: Dziadziuszko Rafal , Peters Solange , Mok Tony , Camidge D. Ross , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Konopa Krzysztof , Noé Johannes , Nowicka Malgorzata , Bordogna Walter , Morcos Peter N. , Smoljanovic Vlatka , Shaw Alice T.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

We retrospectively assessed prognostic value of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using data from the phase III ALEX study in treatment-naïve, advanced ALK+ non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:

Patients were randomized to receive twice-daily alectinib 600 mg (n = 152) or crizotinib 250 mg (n = 151). cfDNA was quantified from baseline plasma samples, with patients stratified into ≤median and >median cfDNA biomarker-evaluable populations (BEP). Effect of cfDNA concentration on outcomes was analyzed using a Cox regression model with treatment group as covariate, and in multivariate analyses.

Results:

Median cfDNA concentration in the BEP was 11.53 ng/mL (n = 276). A positive correlation was found between cfDNA concentration and number of lesions, organ lesion sites, and tumor size (sum of longest diameter; all P < 0.0001). In both treatment arms, patients in the >median BEP were more likely to experience disease progression than the ≤median BEP [alectinib adjusted HR = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–3.89; P = 0.0305 and crizotinib adjusted HR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.11–3.00, P = 0.0169]. Median progression-free survival was longer with alectinib than crizotinib in both ≤median and >median BEPs (P < 0.0001). Overall survival data remain immature; survival probability was lower in the >median versus ≤median BEP in both treatment arms (alectinib HR = 2.52; 95% CI, 1.08–5.88; P = 0.0333 and crizotinib HR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.27–5.47; P = 0.0096).

Conclusions:

These data suggest that plasma cfDNA concentration may have prognostic value in advanced ALK+ NSCLC. Prospectively designed studies are warranted to investigate this finding.
Liver Endothelium Promotes HER3-Mediated Cell Survival in Colorectal Cancer with Wild-Type and Mutant KRAS
Authors: Rathore Moeez , Zhang Wei , Wright Michel'le , Bhattacharya Rajat , Fan Fan , Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Winter Jordan , Wang Zhenghe , Markowitz Sanford D. , Willis Joseph , Ellis Lee M. , Wang Rui
Published: March 2022

We previously identified that human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3, also known as ERBB3) is a key mediator in liver endothelial cell (EC) promoting colorectal cancer growth and chemoresistance, and suggested HER3-targeted therapy as a strategy for treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. Meanwhile, KRAS mutations occur in 40%–50% of metastatic colorectal cancer and render colorectal cancer resistant to therapies targeting the other HER family protein epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is necessary to elucidate the roles of KRAS mutation status in HER3-mediated cell survival and colorectal cancer response to HER3 inhibition. In the present study, we used primary ECs isolated from non-neoplastic liver tissues to recapitulate the liver EC microenvironment. We demonstrated that liver EC-secreted factors activated colorectal cancer-associated HER3, and increased colorectal cancer cell survival in vitro and promoted colorectal cancer patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we determined that blocking HER3, either by siRNA knockdown or the humanized antibody seribantumab, blocked EC-induced colorectal cancer survival in vitro in both KRAS wild-type and mutant colorectal cancer cells, and the HER3 antibody seribantumab significantly decreased colorectal cancer tumor growth and sensitized tumors to chemotherapy in an orthotopic xenograft model with colorectal cancer tumors developed in the liver. In summary, our findings demonstrated that blocking HER3 had significant effects on attenuating liver EC-induced colorectal cancer cell survival independent of the KRAS mutation status.

Implications:

This body of work highlighted a potential strategy of using HER3 antibodies in combination with standard chemotherapy agents for treating patients with either KRAS wild-type or KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.
Measuring Autistic Writing Skills: Combining Perspectives from Neurodiversity Advocates, Autism Researchers, and Writing Theories
Authors: Zajic Matthew Carl , Brown Heather Merle
Published: March 2022

Autism and writing are commonly discussed independently as complex, multifaceted entities. However, studies examining their intersections are limited and often oversimplify the nuances innate to both topics. This paper focuses on the complexities involved in studying autistic individuals’ foundational writing skills (i.e., transcription and text generation skills) by drawing on theories of writing and autism grounded in perspectives from the neurodiversity movement. We frame our discussion around the complex sociocultural and cognitive factors important to writing by drawing on the Writer(s)-within-Community model. Our discussion highlights findings and trends among observational and intervention research studies as well as offers suggestions for future research guided by the ongoing reconceptualization and understanding of autistic development. In doing so, we argue that future research should look beyond written products as the only measure of writing development and beyond a diagnosis of autism as the indicator of atypical written language development.
An Optimized and Detailed Step-by-Step Protocol for the Analysis of Neuronal Morphology in Golgi-Stained Fetal Sheep Brain
Authors: Dudink Ingrid , White Tegan A. , Ardalan Maryam , Mallard Carina , Ballerin Giulia , Creed Sarah J. , Pham Yen , Sutherland Amy E. , Castillo-Melendez Margie , Allison Beth J. , Miller Suzanne L.
Published: March 2022

Antenatal brain development during the final trimester of human pregnancy is a time when mature neurons become increasingly complex in morphology, through axonal and dendritic outgrowth, dendritic branching, and synaptogenesis, together with myelin production. Characterizing neuronal morphological development over time is of interest to developmental neuroscience and provides the framework to measure gray matter pathology in pregnancy compromise. Neuronal microstructure can be assessed with Golgi staining, which selectively stains a small percentage (1–3%) of neurons and their entire dendritic arbor. Advanced imaging processing and analysis tools can then be employed to quantitate neuronal cytoarchitecture. Traditional Golgi-staining protocols have been optimized, and commercial kits are readily available offering improved speed and sensitivity of Golgi staining to produce consistent results. Golgi-stained tissue is then visualized under light microscopy and image analysis may be completed with several software programs for morphological analysis of neurons, including freeware and commercial products. Each program requires optimization, whether semiautomated or automated, requiring different levels of investigator intervention and interpretation, which is a critical consideration for unbiased analysis. Detailed protocols for fetal ovine brain tissue are lacking, and therefore, we provide a step-by-step workflow of computer software analysis for morphometric quantification of Golgi-stained neurons. Here, we utilized the commonly applied FD Rapid GolgiStain kit (FD NeuroTechnologies) on ovine fetal brains collected at 127 days (0.85) of gestational age for the analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. We describe the step-by-step protocol to retrieve neuronal morphometrics using Imaris imaging software to provide quantification of apical and basal dendrites for measures of dendrite length (μm), branch number, branch order, and Sholl analysis (intersections over radius). We also detail software add-ons for data retrieval of dendritic spines including the number of spines, spine density, and spine classification, which are critical indicators of synaptic function. The assessment of neuronal morphology in the developing brain using Rapid-Golgi and Imaris software is labor-intensive, particularly during the optimization period. The methodology described in this step-by-step description is novel, detailed, and aims to provide a reproducible, working protocol to quantify neuronal cytoarchitecture with simple descriptions that will save time for the next users of these commonly used techniques.
Anthropic action affects the cuticular chemical profile of social wasps
Authors: Sguarizi-Antonio Denise , Batista Nathan Rodrigues , Michelutti Kamylla Balbuena , Soares Eva Ramona Pereira , Solórzano Julio César Jut , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Lima-Júnior Sidnei Eduardo , Torres Viviana de Oliveira , Antonialli-Júnior William Fernando
Published: March 2022

As a result of environmental change by anthropic action, animal species that inhabit these areas may suffer the effects of it on their phenotypes as a consequence of adapting to these conditions. In the case of social wasps, cuticular chemical compounds may be influenced, since these vary depending on genetic and environmental factors. However, few studies have investigated the synanthropic effects over the cuticular surface of social wasps. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how cuticular compounds vary according to the different degrees of human activity and test the hypothesis that cuticular compounds of social wasps are affected by the level of anthropic activity in which their nests are found. Data on the cuticular chemical compounds composition of colonies of 3 species of social wasps were used along with the level of anthropization of their nesting sites in four municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. From the geographical coordinates of the sampling sites, the percentages of urban construction areas, agriculture, water body, vegetation and exposed land were calculated, and the nesting sites of the colonies were classified as more or less anthropized areas. The chemical profile was determined by extraction of cuticular compounds and analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The results show that the cuticular chemical composition of the individuals of these species is affected by the level of anthropization in their nesting sites, with a qualitative and quantitative variation that must be tied not only to genetic differences, but, above all, to the local environmental conditions to which their colonies are subjected.