bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of the Heat Sink Layer Ta for Ultrafast Spin Dynamic Process in Amorphous TbFeCo Thin Films
Authors: Ren Y. , Zhang Z. Z. , Min T. , Jin Q. Y.
Published: May 2017

The ultrafast demagnetization processes (UDP) in Ta ([Formula: see text] nm)/TbFeCo (20 nm) films have been studied using the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE). With a fixed pump fluence of 2 mJ/cm2, for the sample without a Ta underlayer ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm), we observed the UDP showing a two-step decay behavior, with a relatively longer decay time ([Formula: see text] around 3.0 ps in the second step due to the equilibrium of spin-lattice relaxation following the 4[Formula: see text] occupation. As a 10[Formula: see text]nm Ta layer is deposited, the two-step demagnetization still exists while [Formula: see text] decreases to [Formula: see text]1.9[Formula: see text]ps. Nevertheless, the second-step decay ([Formula: see text]) disappears as the Ta layer thickness is increased up to 20 nm, only the first-step UDP occurs within 500 fs, followed by a fast recovery process. The rapid magnetization recovery rate strongly depends on the pump fluence. We infer that the Ta layer provides conduction electrons involving the thermal equilibrium of spin-lattice interaction and serves as heat bath taking away energy from spins of TbFeCo alloy film in UDP.
Charging and geometric effects on conduction through Anthracene molecular junctions
Authors: Kaur Rupan Preet , Sawhney Ravinder Singh , Engles Derick
Published: May 2017

We studied the geometric effects on the charge transfer through the anthracenedithiol (ADT) molecular junction using density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function approach. Two major geometric aspects, bond length and bond angle, were moderated to optimize the electrical conduction. From the results established in this paper, we found that the electrical conduction can be tuned from 0.2 [Formula: see text] to 0.9 [Formula: see text] by varying the Au–S bond length, whereas the moderation of bonding angle assayed a minor change from 0.37 [Formula: see text] to 0.47 [Formula: see text]. We attributed this escalating zero bias conductance to the increasing charge on the terminal sulfur atom of the ADT molecule, which increased the energy of the HOMO orbital towards Fermi level and exhibited a semi-metallic behaviour. Therefore, geometry plays a critical role in deciding the charge transport through the metal/molecule interface.
Making Materials That Hate Water to Love Water: The Transformative Power of Chemistry
Authors: Zare Richard N.
Published: May 2017

A simple nonaqueous reaction scheme for transforming the surface of plastics from hydrophobic to hydrophilic is presented. The chemical modification is achieved by the base-catalyzed trans-esterification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a commonly used plastic. Its use in blood collection tubes is discussed. The surface modification is permanent, inexpensive, rapid, and does not release contaminants. It also causes no optical or mechanical distortion of the plastic. This work demonstrates the power of chemistry to transform common materials.
SEMON
Authors: Zarepour Eisa , Hassan Mahbub , Chou Chun Tung , Adesina Adesoji A.
Published: May 2017

A conventional wireless sensor network node consists of a number of components: microprocessor, memory, sensor, and radio. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the miniaturization of these components, thus enabling wireless nanoscale sensor networks (WNSN). Due to their small size, WNSN nodes are expected to be powered by harvesting energy from the environment. Unfortunately, there is a mismatch in the energy that can be harvested and the energy required to power all the aforementioned components in a WNSN node. In this article, we propose a simplified sensor node architecture for event detection. We call our architecture Sensorless Event MONitoring in self-powered WNSNs (SEMON). A SEMON node consists of only an energy harvester and a radio with minimal processing capacity. We assume that each event to be monitored will generate a different amount of energy, and we can therefore use this amount of energy as the signature of an event. When an event occurs, a SEMON node harvests the energy released by the event and turns it into a radio pulse with an amplitude proportional to the harvested energy. A remote station is used to decode the amplitude of the pulse to recognize the event that has occurred. We propose two methods for the remote station to decode the events that have occurred. The first method is based on thresholds. The second method makes use of an event model that gives the probability that a sequence of events will occur. This enables us to formulate the decoding problem using Hidden Markov Models. We study the decoding performance of both methods. Finally, we provide a case study on using the SEMON architecture to monitor the chemical reactions inside a reactor.
Min/Max-Poly Weighting Schemes and the NL versus UL Problem
Authors: Dhayal Anant , Sarma Jayalal , Sawlani Saurabh
Published: May 2017

For a graph
G
(
V
,
E
) (|
V
| =
n
) and a vertex
s
∈
V
, a weighting scheme (
W
:
E
↦ Z
+
) is called a
min-unique
(resp.
max-unique
) weighting scheme if, for any vertex
v
of the graph
G
, there is a unique path of minimum (resp. maximum) weight from
s
to
v
, where weight of a path is the sum of the weights assigned to the edges. Instead, if the number of paths of minimum (resp. maximum) weight is bounded by

n
c

for some constant
c
, then the weighting scheme is called a
min-poly
(resp.
max-poly
) weighting scheme.

In this article, we propose an unambiguous nondeterministic log-space (UL) algorithm for the problem of testing reachability graphs augmented with a
min-poly
weighting scheme. This improves the result in Reinhardt and Allender [2000], in which a UL algorithm was given for the case when the weighting scheme is
min-unique
.

Our main technique involves triple inductive counting and generalizes the techniques of Immerman [1988], Szelepcsényi [1988], and Reinhardt and Allender [2000], combined with a hashing technique due to Fredman et al. [1984] (also used in Garvin et al. [2014]). We combine this with a complementary unambiguous verification method to give the desired UL algorithm.

At the other end of the spectrum, we propose a UL algorithm for testing reachability in layered DAGs augmented with
max-poly
weighting schemes. To achieve this, we first reduce reachability in layered DAGs to the longest path problem for DAGs with a unique source, such that the reduction also preserves the
max-unique
and
max-poly
properties of the graph. Using our techniques, we generalize the double inductive counting method in Limaye et al. [2009], in which the UL algorithm was given for the longest path problem on DAGs with a unique sink and augmented with a
max-unique
weighting scheme.

An important consequence of our results is that, to show NL = UL, it suffices to design log-space computable
min-poly
(or
max-poly
) weighting schemes for layered DAGs.
A Scalable Execution Engine for Package Queries
Authors: Brucato Matteo , Abouzied Azza , Meliou Alexandra
Published: May 2017

Many modern applications and real-world problems involve the design of item collections, or packages: from planning your daily meals all the way to mapping the universe. Despite the pervasive need for packages, traditional data management does not offer support for their definition and computation. This is because traditional database queries follow a powerful, but very simple model: a query defines constraints that each tuple in the result must satisfy. However, a system tasked with the design of packages cannot consider items independently; rather, the system needs to determine if a set of items collectively satisfy given criteria.

In this paper, we present package queries, a new query model that extends traditional database queries to handle complex constraints and preferences over answer sets. We develop a full-fledged package query system, implemented on top of a traditional database engine. Our work makes several contributions. First, we design PaQL, a SQL-based query language that supports the declarative specification of package queries. Second, we present a fundamental strategy for evaluating package queries that combines the capabilities of databases and constraint optimization solvers. The core of our approach is a set of translation rules that transform a package query to an integer linear program. Third, we introduce an offline data partitioning strategy allowing query evaluation to scale to large data sizes. Fourth, we introduce SKETCHREFINE, an efficient and scalable algorithm for package evaluation, which offers strong approximation guarantees. Finally, we present extensive experiments over real-world data. Our results demonstrate that SKETCHREFINE is effective at deriving high-quality package results, and achieves runtime performance that is an order of magnitude faster than directly using ILP solvers over large datasets.
Metabolic Diversity and Novelties in the Oomycetes
Authors: Judelson Howard S.
Published: May 2017

The eukaryotic microbes called oomycetes include many important saprophytes and pathogens, with the latter exhibiting necrotrophy, biotrophy, or obligate biotrophy. Understanding oomycete metabolism is fundamental to understanding these lifestyles. Genome mining and biochemical studies have shown that oomycetes, which belong to the kingdom Stramenopila, secrete suites of carbohydrate- and protein-degrading enzymes adapted to their environmental niches and produce unusual lipids and energy storage compounds. Despite having limited secondary metabolism, many oomycetes make chemicals for communicating within their species or with their hosts. Horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer events have diversified oomycete metabolism, resulting in biochemical pathways that often depart from standard textbook descriptions by amalgamating enzymes from multiple sources. Gene fusions and duplications have further shaped the composition and expression of the enzymes. Current research is helping us learn how oomycetes interact with host and environment, understand eukaryotic diversity and evolution, and identify targets for drugs and crop protection chemicals.
The Effect of Botulinum Toxin A on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Park Tae Hwan , Park Yun Joo
Published: May 2017

Introduction. While studies using various materials to overcome ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury are becoming increasingly common, studies on the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoTA) on IR injury in musculocutaneous flaps are still limited. The purpose of this study was to examine our hypotheses that BoTA provide protection of musculocutaneous flap from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Method. Five days after pretreatment injection (BoTA versus normal saline), a right superior musculocutaneous flap (6 × 1.5 cm in size) was made. Ischemia was created by a tourniquet strictly wrapping the pedicle containing skin and muscle for 8 h. After ischemia, the tourniquet was cut, and the musculocutaneous flap was reperfused. Results. The overall survival percentage of flap after 8 h of pedicle clamping followed by reperfusion was 87.32±3.67% in the control group versus 95.64±3.25% in the BoTA group (p<0.001). The BoTA group had higher expression of CD34, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-kB comparing to control group in qRT-PCR analysis. Conclusions. In this study, we found that local BoTA preconditioning yielded significant protection against IR injury in a rat musculocutaneous flap model.
Comparisons of Quality of Life and Functional and Oncological Outcomes after Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction: Prostate-Sparing Cystectomy versus Conventional Radical Cystoprostatectomy
Authors: Chen Po Yen , Chiang Po Hui
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To compare health-related quality of life and oncological and functional outcomes on erectile function, continence, and voiding function among bladder patients who underwent orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after prostate-sparing cystectomy (PSC) and conventional radical cystoprostatectomy (CRC). Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study from a single surgeon. During 2007 to 2015, we identified 25 of 186 male patients receiving radical cystectomies due to bladder cancer who underwent orthotopic neobladder reconstruction, 14 patients with PSC and the other 11 patients with CRC. International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30-item questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30), and self-catheterizations were used to evaluate functional outcomes in the baseline and 1 year after operation. Results. There were better physical and social functioning scales, less fatigue symptoms, better IIEF (16 versus 3.7, p=0.01), and less self-catheterization rate (33% versus 89%  p=0.006) in the PSC group. The oncologic outcomes were the same between two groups. Conclusions. For selected patients with bladder cancer who underwent neobladder reconstruction, prostate-sparing cystectomy provided better sexuality preservation, less daily self-catheterization, and better physical function and social function scales without compromising overall survival.
The Cushing Reflex: Oliguria as a Reflection of an Elevated Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Leyssens K. , Mortelmans T. , Menovsky T. , Abramowicz D. , Twickler Marcel Th. B. , Van Gaal L.
Published: May 2017

Oliguria is one of the clinical hallmarks of renal failure. The broad differential diagnosis is well known, but a rare cause of oliguria is intracranial hypertension (ICH). The actual knowledge to explain this relationship is scarce. Almost all literature is about animals where authors describe the Cushing reflex in response to ICH. We hypothesize that the Cushing reflex is translated towards the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with a subsequent reduction in medullary blood flow and oliguria. Recently, we were confronted with a patient who had complicated pituitary surgery and displayed multiple times an oliguria while he developed ICH.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Brown Rice and Human Health Risk Assessment near Three Mining Areas in Central China
Authors: Fan Yu , Zhu Tingping , Li Mengtong , He Jieyi , Huang Ruixue
Published: May 2017

Background. Metal mining and waste discharge lead to regional heavy metal contamination and attract major concern because of the potential risk to local residents. Methods. This research was conducted to determine lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), and antimony (Sb) concentrations in soil and brown rice samples from three heavy metal mining areas in Hunan Province, central China, and to assess the potential health risks to local inhabitants. Results. Local soil contamination was observed, with mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Sb, and As of 0.472, 193.133, 36.793, and 89.029 mg/kg, respectively. Mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Sb, Mn, and As in brown rice were 0.103, 0.131, 5.175, 6.007, and 0.524 mg/kg, respectively. Daily intakes of Cd, As, Sb, Pb, and Mn through brown rice consumption were estimated to be 0.011, 0.0002, 0.004, 0.0001, and 0.0003 mg/(kg/day), respectively. The combined hazard index for the five heavy metals was 22.5917, and the total cancer risk was 0.1773. Cd contributed most significantly to cancer risk, accounting for approximately 99.77% of this risk. Conclusions. The results show that potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks exist for local inhabitants and that regular monitoring of pollution to protect human health is urgently required.
Attenuated Late-PhaseArcTranscription in the Dentate Gyrus of Mice LackingEgr3
Authors: Maple Amanda , Lackie Rachel E. , Elizalde Diana I. , Grella Stephanie L. , Damphousse Chelsey C. , Xa Collin , Gallitano Amelia L. , Marrone Diano F.
Published: May 2017

The dentate gyrus (DG) engages in sustainedArctranscription for at least 8 hours following behavioral induction, and this time course may be functionally coupled to the unique role of the DG in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. The factors that regulate long-term DGArcexpression, however, remain poorly understood. Animals lackingEgr3show lessArcexpression following convulsive stimulation, but the effect ofEgr3ablation on behaviorally inducedArcremains unknown. To address this,Egr3−/−and wild-type (WT) mice explored novel spatial environments and were sacrificed either immediately or after 5, 60, 240, or 480 minutes, andArcexpression was quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although short-term (i.e., within 60 min)Arcexpression was equivalent across genotypes, DGArcexpression was selectively reduced at 240 and 480 minutes in mice lackingEgr3. These data demonstrate the involvement ofEgr3in regulating the late protein-dependent phase ofArcexpression in the DG.
Skeletal Muscle and Lymphocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Septic Shock Trigger ICU-Acquired Weakness and Sepsis-Induced Immunoparalysis
Authors: Maestraggi Quentin , Lebas Benjamin , Clere-Jehl Raphaël , Ludes Pierre-Olivier , Chamaraux-Tran Thiên-Nga , Schneider Francis , Diemunsch Pierre , Geny Bernard , Pottecher Julien
Published: May 2017

Fundamental events driving the pathological processes of septic shock-induced multiorgan failure (MOF) at the cellular and subcellular levels remain debated. Emerging data implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated MOF. If macrocirculatory and microcirculatory dysfunctions undoubtedly participate in organ dysfunction at the early stage of septic shock, an intrinsic bioenergetic failure, sometimes called “cytopathic hypoxia,” perpetuates cellular dysfunction. Short-term failure of vital organs immediately threatens patient survival but long-term recovery is also severely hindered by persistent dysfunction of organs traditionally described as nonvital, such as skeletal muscle and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In this review, we will stress how and why a persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscles and PBMC could impair survival in patients who overcome the first acute phase of their septic episode. First, muscle wasting protracts weaning from mechanical ventilation, increases the risk of mechanical ventilator-associated pneumonia, and creates a state of ICU-acquired muscle weakness, compelling the patient to bed. Second, failure of the immune system (“immunoparalysis”) translates into its inability to clear infectious foci and predisposes the patient to recurrent nosocomial infections. We will finally emphasize how mitochondrial-targeted therapies could represent a realistic strategy to promote long-term recovery after sepsis.
Angiogenic Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Regulated by SDF-1α-CXCR4 Axis
Authors: Nam Hyun , Kim Gee-Hye , Bae Yoon-Kyung , Jeong Da-Eun , Joo Kyeung-Min , Lee Kyunghoon , Lee Sun-Ho
Published: May 2017

Previously, the perivascular characteristics of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were reported, which suggested the potential application of DPSCs as perivascular cell source. In this study, we investigated whether DPSCs had angiogenic capacity by coinjection with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vivo; in addition, we determined the role of stromal cell-derived factor 1-α(SDF-1α) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis in the mutual interaction between DPSCs and HUVECs. Primarily isolated DPSCs showed mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) like characteristics. Moreover, DPSCs expressed perivascular markers such as NG2,α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor receptorβ(PDGFRβ), and CD146. In vivo angiogenic capacity of DPSCs was demonstrated by in vivo Matrigel plug assay. We could observe microvessel-like structures in the coinjection of DPSCs and HUVECs at 7 days postinjection. To block SDF-1αand CXCR4 axis between DPSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into Matrigel plug. No significant microvessel-like structures were observed at 7 days postinjection. In conclusion, DPSCs have perivascular characteristics that contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. The findings of this study have potential applications in neovascularization of engineered tissues and vascular diseases.
Comparison of Different Disease-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life Measurements in Patients with Long-Term Noninvasive Ventilation
Authors: Oga Toru , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Kita Hideo , Tsuboi Tomomasa , Tomii Keisuke , Ando Morihide , Kojima Eiji , Tomioka Hiromi , Taguchi Yoshio , Kaji Yusuke , Maekura Ryoji , Hiraga Toru , Sakai Naoki , Kimura Tomoki , Mishima Michiaki , Windisch Wolfram , Chin Kazuo
Published: May 2017

Background. Two disease-specific questionnaires have been developed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with chronic respiratory failure: the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency (SRI) Questionnaire and the Maugeri Respiratory Failure (MRF) Questionnaire. We aimed to compare the characteristics of the SRI, MRF-26, and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for use in patients with home noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Methods. Fifty-six outpatients receiving long-term NIV were recruited and underwent assessments of pulmonary function, arterial blood gas, HRQL, dyspnea, and psychological status. Results. Correlations of the SRI and MRF-26 with the SGRQ were modest. While pulmonary function was weakly related to only some domains of the SRI and MRF-26, the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were significantly related to all domains of the SRI and MRF-26. Multiple regression analyses showed that HADS depression and mMRC accounted for 34% and 27% of the variance in the SRI, 24% and 37% in the MRF-26, and 17% and 46% in the SGRQ, respectively. Conclusions. The SRI and MRF-26 were reliable questionnaires for patients receiving long-term NIV. Dyspnea and psychological status were their main common determinants. The SRI covers more psychological health impairments than the MRF. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00905476.
Ganglion Cell Complex in Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence by SD-OCT Manual Segmentation
Authors: Camacho Pedro , Dutra-Medeiros Marco , Páris Liliana
Published: May 2017

Purpose: To evaluate ganglion cell layer (GCL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness manually by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in subjects with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 12 locations on the horizontal meridian. Methods: A total of 450 eyes (specifically, 246 eyes classified as having early/intermediate AMD plus 204 control eyes) were studied. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare values between the healthy controls and the AMD group and also between the subgroups under study. Diagnostic performance was also compared calculating the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The manual layer segmentation showed clear boundaries between the GCL and the GCC. It was in the temporal GCC that more changes were found. Conclusions: The GCC, especially in the temporal region, allowed the discrimination of differences between various subgroups that have faint variations as well as between early AMD and the first signs of aging.
Assessment of 100% Rapid Review as an Effective Tool for Internal Quality Control in Cytopathological Services
Authors: Queiroz Filho José , de Oliveira Crispim Freitas Janaina Cristiana , Caldas Pessoa Daliana , Eleutério Júnior José , Giraldo Paulo César , Gonçalves Ana Katherine
Published: May 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the 100% rapid review (100%-RR) as an effective tool for internal quality control (IQC) in gynecological cytopathology services. Study Design: A total of 8,677 swabs were analyzed; the negative results were submitted to 100%-RR. Divergent cases were discussed in a consensus meeting to reach a conclusion on the final diagnosis. The data were entered into SAS statistical software, and the agreement of the 100%-RR results with the final diagnosis was tested with the weighted kappa statistic. Results: Of the 8,155 smears characterized as negative, 255 (3.13%) were abnormal smears, and 552 (6.77%) unsatisfactory smears were deemed negative. Regarding the results on the 8,155 smears subjected to 100%-RR when compared with the final diagnosis, there was agreement in 7,063 (86.60%) of them, and there were 1,092 (13.40%) discordant results (65.6%, unsatisfactory; 5.47%, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASC-US]). The κ index had an agreement of 0.867, with κ = 0.734 (p < 0.0001). Compared with the final diagnosis, the sensitivity of 100%-RR was 99.91% and its specificity was 99.4% for severe abnormalities. The sensitivity for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was 88.2%, with a specificity of 100.00%. For abnormalities considered borderline, such as ASC-US, the sensitivity was 94.50% and the specificity was 99.5%. Conclusion: The 100%-RR was considered efficient when used as an IQC method.
Olhando fora da caixa: estratégia de diferenciação e governança de relacionamentos na indústria de alimentos
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Silva Vivian Lara dos Santos
Published: May 2017

O livro de Vivian Lara dos Santos Silva traz uma problemática contemporânea: a estratégia de diferenciação na indústria de alimentos e seus impactos em termos tecnológicos e de governança. O debate trazido é a construção das estratégias da indústria de alimentos, a partir da análise da sua evolução cronológica colocando em destaque a questão da tecnologia.
Force‐Sensing Catheters During Pediatric Radiofrequency Ablation: The FEDERATION Study
Authors: Dalal Aarti S. , Nguyen Hoang H. , Bowman Tammy , Van Hare George F. , Avari Silva Jennifer N.
Published: May 2017

Background

Based on data from studies of atrial fibrillation ablations, optimal parameters for the TactiCath (TC; St. Jude Medical, Inc) force‐sensing ablation catheter are a contact force of 20 g and a force‐time integral of 400 g·s for the creation of transmural lesions. We aimed to evaluate TC in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients undergoing ablation.

Methods and Results

Comprehensive chart and case reviews were performed from June 2015 to March 2016. Of the 102 patients undergoing electrophysiology study plus ablation, 58 (57%) underwent ablation initially with a force‐sensing catheter. Patients had an average age of 14 (2.4–23) years and weight of 58 (18–195) kg with 15 patients having abnormal cardiac anatomy. Electrophysiology diagnoses for the +
TC
group included 30 accessory pathway–mediated tachycardia, 24 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and 7 other. Baseline generator settings included a power of 20 W, temperature of 40°, and 6 cc/min flow during lesion creation with 11 patients (19%) having alterations to parameters. Seventeen patients (30%) converted to an alternate ablation source. A total of 516 lesions were performed using the
TC
with a median contact force of 6 g, force‐time integral of 149 g·s, and lesion size index of 3.3. Median‐term follow‐up demonstrated 5 (10%) recurrences with no acute or median‐term complications.

Conclusions

TactiCath can be effectively employed in the treatment of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease with lower forces than previously described in the atrial fibrillation literature. Patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia may not require transmural lesions and the
TC
may provide surrogate markers for success during slow pathway ablation.
Global Pentecostalism and Ethnic Identity Maintenance among Latino Immigrants
Authors: Berhó Deborah L. , Martí Gerardo , Mulder Mark T.
Published: May 2017

Protestantism has been considered particularly weak for sustaining ethnic boundaries among immigrants. Recognizing the global adaptability and indigenization of Pentecostalism, however, we expect that immigrants from more pentecostal nations will likely retain their Protestantism in ways that affirm their ethnic identity. Using ethnographic data, our research demonstrates how a Guatemalan pentecostal church in Oregon successfully preserves its homeland culture, revealing how the structure of Pentecostalism at La Iglesia de Restauración (affiliated with Elim churches) sustains ethnic continuity with its native indigenous culture. This Latino Protestant church affirms Pentecostalism’s capacity to encourage transnational relationships through a variety of social mechanisms, including provision of ethnic symbols and a space to use them, use of homeland languages (both Ki’ché and Spanish), and promotion of a homegrown leadership. Moreover, the doctrinal division between “world” and “church” discourages assimilation into American culture while simultaneously reinforcing maintenance of “godly” indigenous practices that are legitimated as appropriately religious.
Aimee Semple McPherson
Authors: Ambrose Linda M.
Published: May 2017

Because so many people have contributed analyses of Aimee Semple McPherson’s significance, one might well ask what more there could possibly be to say. The purpose of this article is not to break new ground on McPherson herself, but rather to apply a gendered lens to the existing McPherson scholarship in order to suggest three ways to use theories from gender studies to think about Aimee Semple McPherson, worship, and the arts. These theories prove fruitful for the case of McPherson, and there is every reason to think it would be a useful exercise to apply similar approaches to our study of other pentecostal, charismatic, and revivalist leaders.
Welcoming Spirit Hermeneutics
Authors: Mather Hannah R.K.
Published: May 2017

There was a need in the field of Spirit hermeneutics for a solid, biblically grounded, and centered contribution, and Craig Keener has filled this gap more than sufficiently. This review highlights the following elements within Spirit Hermeneutics as being particularly significant: first, the identification of the connection between the original shape of the biblical text and its contemporary implications; second, the argument that a Spirit-directed epistemology must underpin a Spirit hermeneutic; and third, the inclusion of confessional elements. This review questions whether the role of prophecy (especially in connection with the original context and contemporary implication) could have featured more prominently in the book.
Sexual dimorphism in the carapace shape and length of the freshwater palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae): geometric and traditional morphometric approaches
Authors: de Melo Madson Silveira , Masunari Setuko
Published: May 2017

Sexual dimorphism is characterized by morphological, physiological, or behavioral differences between males and females. The genus Macrobrachium is a diverse group of freshwater shrimps distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions. They have a great intra- and interspecific morphological variation, with some species showing sexual dimorphism. We investigated the sexual dimorphism of the size and shape of the carapace and body weight of Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) in three populations of the State of Paraná through traditional and geometric morphometric techniques. The populations were sampled from three rivers: the Pombas River, Coastal Basin, the Piraquara River, First Plateau, and the Guabiroba River, Second Plateau. Morphometric analyses indicated that male shrimps showed differences in carapace length and body weight: the higher the distance from the sea, the smaller and lighter the shrimps. Carapace shape also differed significantly between the sexes in all three populations, with males having a less robust carapace, but a more elongated rostrum than females. The morphological differences between the genders seem to reflect the reproductive roles of males and females in this environment.
Unsatisfactory Progress: Article 12 and Pupil Participation in English Schools
Authors: Jones Tara
Published: May 2017

This paper explores the application of Article 12 of theuncrcto education in England, with specific emphasis on children’s involvement in definitions of “suitable education” in the context of English schools. It is demonstrated that, despite a claimed commitment to children’s rights by theukgovernment, little progress has been made in relation to Article 12 and pupil participation in education policy and practice. It is argued that this is because the school environment views children from within a paternalistic framework and the available mechanisms for children to participate are adult-defined and controlled and this limits what children are able to say. The paper concludes by suggesting some reasons why this state of affairs exists and what might be done to remedy it.
New Research on Tan Kah Kee (关于陈嘉庚的新研究)
Authors: Lim (林劲利) Jin Li
Published: May 2017

This article uses heretofore unavailable or unexamined archival documents to offer new insights into and analysis of two specific historical questions concerning Tan Kah Kee. The first question has to do with the precise circumstances and motivations that underpinned Tan’s departure from Singapore in 1950, which turned out to be a permanent return to China. The second question has to do with a more recent revisionist argument that suggests that Tan tried — and failed — to escape from China in 1954 and 1957. Both questions have a certain historical significance in that they are closely connected to how Tan has been, and is, remembered in the modern histories of Singapore, the People’s Republic of China (prc), and the Chinese overseas.

The prevailing historiographical view on Tan’s permanent return to China in 1950 is that it was essentially the product of both “push and pull” factors; that is, that Tan was both pushed out of Singapore by the increasingly hostile political situation after the British pressure that was placed on him as a result of the Malayan Emergency, and attracted back to China by the “pull” that the establishment of New China (in 1949) exerted on his patriotic sentiments. Based on a close reading of archival evidence, this article demonstrates that Tan was not pushed out of Singapore. He left on his own terms, and because he wanted to play a part in New China.

The New Biography of Tan Kah Kee suggests that Tan attempted to escape to Singapore in 1954 and 1957, because he had become disillusioned with the radicalizing political situation in China, and thus decided to leave Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party behind. In this narrative, Tan’s escape ultimately fails because, in 1954, Zhou Enlai uses political blackmail to force Tan to stay and, in 1957, the British authorities in Singapore ban him from returning. This article demonstrates that this narrative is unsupported by archival evidence. Tan only made one attempt to travel to Singapore in 1955, and it was neither an escape attempt nor was it blocked by the Chinese Communists or the British. Rather than fleeing the prc, Tan was likely trying to travel to Singapore on behalf of the prc.

本文利用不可多得或迄今为止未经细查的档案文献, 为关于陈嘉庚的两个具体的历史问题提供了新的见解和分析。第一个问题围绕陈嘉庚在新加坡的种种境遇和其1950年离开新加坡并永远留在中国的动机。第二个问题有关于一个近代修正主义争论, 它指出: 陈嘉庚曾试图在 1954 年和 1957 年逃离中国, 但都以失败告终。这两个问题对陈嘉庚如何在新加坡现代史, 中华人民共和国史以及华侨华人史中被记录有着密不可分的联系, 因此具有特殊历史重要性。

对于陈嘉庚于 1950 年回归中国这历史事件, 主流观点认为这是 “推力与拉力” 两者共同作用的产物: 面对马来亚紧急状态, 英国对陈嘉庚施压, 从而加大陈嘉庚与当下政治局势日益敌视的关系, 最终迫使其被 “推” 出新加坡; 与此同时, 1949 年新中国的成立激发了他的爱国情感而将他 “拉” 回中国。基于对档案证据的仔细阅读, 本文论证了陈嘉庚并没有被 “推” 出新加坡——他的离开出于自愿, 因为他希望为新中国做出贡献。

《陈嘉庚新传》一书中提到, 中国激进的政治局势使陈嘉庚感到理想破灭, 于是他决定离开毛泽东及中国共产党。之后他分别在1954和1957年试图逃返新加坡, 但都以失败告终: 在 1954 年, 周恩来利用政治因素威胁陈嘉庚留下; 而在1957年, 新加坡的英国当局禁止他返回。本文证实此书的叙述不能被档案证据所支持。事实上, 陈嘉庚仅在 1955 年试图前往新加坡; 作为仅有的一次“离开中国,” 它不具有逃跑的企图, 陈也未被中共和英国阻拦, 反倒更像是代表中国出访新加坡。

This article is in English.
A new species of Paris sect. Axiparis (Melanthiaceae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: JI YUNHENG , YANG CHENGJIN , HUANG YULING
Published: May 2017

Paris Linnaeus (1573: 367) is a temperate genus of about 27 species of perennial herbs distributed in Eurasia (Li 1998, Ji et al. 2007). Most species are restricted to East Asia, chiefly to China (19 species), with the Yunnnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwest China as the centre of species diversity (Li 1998). Paris is well known in China for its medicinal value. Those species with a thick rhizome have been used as medicinal herbs for more than 2,000 years in China owing to its analgesic, haemostatic, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities (Long et al. 2003). More than 40 commercial drugs and health products have been developed in China with Paris used as raw material (Li et al. 2015).
Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature of the F. C. Hoehne´s names to Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae)
Authors: FREITAS JOELCIO , JOHN DE LÍRIO ELTON , GONZÁLEZ FAVIO , SARNAGLIA JUNIOR VALDERES BENTO , ALVES-ARAÚJO ANDERSON
Published: May 2017

The Brazilian botanist F. C. Hoehne contributed to the knowledge of several families, mainly Orchidaceae and Aristolochiaceae. In Aristolochia, he published 29 new species, six varieties/subspecies, most of them without formal designation of holotypes, and four combinations at specific or infraspecific level. Herein, taxonomic novelties, including the reinstatement of A. schmidtiana, and typification of most of those Hoehne’s names with designation of 13 lectotypes (including two basionyms combined by him), reduction of two names as new synonyms, and discussion of invalid names are provided.
Close, but not close enough? Audience’s reactions to domesticated distant suffering in international news coverage
Authors: Huiberts Eline , Joye Stijn
Published: May 2017

Journalists domesticate news about distant events to bring such events closer to the audience and thus make them more relevant and appealing; however, knowledge about the actual audience’s reactions toward domesticated news is lacking. Central to this study is understanding how an audience makes use of domestication strategies in viewing and reacting to mediated distant suffering. Earlier text-based research has found several ways of domesticating distant suffering that can invite an audience to care. Building further on this media-centered study, 10 focus groups reveal a two-flow model of domestication, consisting of first-level domestication on the production side by journalists and second-level domestication, in which audience members themselves use strategies of domestication to make sense of distant suffering.
Electoral authoritarianism and economic control
Authors: Seeberg Merete Bech
Published: May 2017

While electoral revolutions in the Philippines and the post-Communist world have ousted dictators, autocrats from Mexico to Zimbabwe have cemented their rule through regular multi-party elections. Why do elections sometimes undermine authoritarian regimes while at other times they help sustain them? I argue that a dictator’s control over the economy conditions the effect of authoritarian elections. Where rulers command the heights of the economy, elections are more easily manipulated to sustain their rule. But where such control is lacking, elections may spur regime change. In a cross-national study of autocracies from 1970 to 2006, I find that as incumbent control over the economy increases, elections are less likely to lead to regime breakdown. Where economic control is at its lowest, elections increase the risk of regime collapse. Thus, research on authoritarianism needs to supplement the study of authoritarian regime types and institutional characteristics with a focus on the rulers’ control over the state and the economy.
The Relation of Hypertension to Performance in Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall and Working Memory in Old Age: The Role of Cognitive Reserve
Authors: Ihle Andreas , Gouveia Élvio R. , Gouveia Bruna R. , Freitas Duarte L. , Jurema Jefferson , Machado Floramara T. , Kliegel Matthias
Published: May 2017

Objective: We investigated the relation of hypertension to cognitive performance and its interplay with key markers of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults. Method: We assessed tests of immediate and delayed cued recall and working memory in 701 older adults. We measured systolic blood pressure and interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity. Results: Hypertension (≥140 mmHg) was related to lower performance in all three cognitive measures. Moderation analyses suggested that these relations were reduced in individuals with greater engaging in cognitive leisure activity. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that hypertension was not related to any of the three investigated cognitive performance measures when education, cognitive level of job, and cognitive leisure activity were simultaneously taken into account. Discussion: The detrimental influences of hypertension on cognitive functioning in old age may be reduced in individuals with greater cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course.
Distinguishing Motor Weakness From Impaired Spatial Awareness: A Helping Hand!
Authors: Raju Suneil A , Swift Charles R , Bardhan Karna Dev
Published: May 2017

Our patient, aged 73 years, had background peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause, stable for several years, which caused some difficulty in walking on uneven ground. He attended for a teaching session but now staggered in, a new development. He had apparent weakness of his right arm, but there was difficulty in distinguishing motor weakness from impaired spatial awareness suggestive of parietal lobe dysfunction. With the patient seated, eyes closed, and left arm outstretched, S.A.R. lifted the patient’s right arm and asked him to indicate when both were level. This confirmed motor weakness. Urgent computed tomographic scan confirmed left subdural haematoma and its urgent evacuation rapidly resolved the patient’s symptoms. Intrigued by our patient’s case, we explored further and learnt that in rehabilitation medicine, the awareness of limb position is commonly viewed in terms of joint position sense. We present recent literature evidence indicating that the underlying mechanisms are more subtle.
Military videogames and the future of ideological warfare
Authors: Schulzke Marcus
Published: May 2017

Military videogames play an important role in violent actors’ communication strategies, and while scholars have attempted to theorize their significance, too much attention is devoted to characterizing games as ideological distortions that must be unmasked to reveal a more authentic view of war. I offer an alternative perspective on these videogames and their political importance. Relying on a conception of ideology as an inescapable constitutive part of politics, rather than ideology as a form of deception, I highlight three salient characteristics of military videogames. First, regardless of what strategic interests they are designed to advance, videogames’ meanings are open to contestation and reconfiguration, making games a site of conflict in themselves. Second, videogames grant insight into violent actors’ goals and self-conceptions. Third, because videogames are designed as closed systems built from mutually reinforcing ontological and epistemological assumptions, they introduce opportunities for normative critique based on testing ideological coherence.
Patterns and outcomes of traumatic pancreatic injuries: A retrospective review from a large multi-institutional healthcare system
Authors: Iurcotta Toni , Addison Poppy , Amodu Leo I , Fatakhova Karina , Akerman Meredith , Galvin Daniel , Rodriguez Rilo Horacio L
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Traumatic pancreatic injuries are rare, and morbidity and mortality information are often conflicting. To determine the frequency and outcomes of patients presenting with trauma to the pancreas, we reviewed data from a large multi-institutional healthcare system for mechanism of injury, intervention, subsequent complications, in-hospital morbidity rates, and mortality.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of records of all pancreatic injury cases seen at four healthcare centers from 1990 to 2014. Descriptive measures are presented for continuous and categorical data. Mortality rates were obtained using the publicly accessible Social Security Death Master File.

Results

Of 69 patients with pancreatic injuries, median age was 24 years (range 1–88). Mechanisms of injury were blunt in 87% and penetrating in 11.8%. The median injury grade was 1. Most injuries involved the pancreatic head (24.6%). Median Injury Severity Score at presentation was 9. Thirty-seven (53.6%) patients required surgery. Twenty-five patients (36.2%) required total parenteral nutrition, 34 patients (49.3%) developed intra-abdominal fluid collections, 24 patients (34.8%) developed acute pancreatitis, and three (4.4%) developed endocrine insufficiency requiring insulin. Ten (14.5%) patients died. There were four (5.8%) readmissions and one re-operation (1.4%) within 30 days of discharge.

Conclusion

Traumatic pancreatic injuries occur most frequently in young healthy males with little or no comorbidities, and are generally associated with other acute injuries. Contrary to past reports, our results revealed a low mortality rate but significant morbidity, with the most common complications being intra-abdominal fluid collections, acute pancreatitis, and a need for total parenteral nutrition.
Leaning Out in higher education: A structural, postcolonial perspective
Authors: Jackson Liz
Published: May 2017

A new kind of gender equality ideology is rising in popularity in Western societies. While emphasising gender equality for the next generation, this new ideology sees feminism in a pragmatic and simplistic way, as nonthreatening to the status quo, in politics, popular culture, and economy. In the economic sphere, Sheryl Sandberg’s “Lean In” has become well known for aiming to guide women to succeed alongside men in the workplace by changing their behaviours and attitudes. Its recommendations for women have impacted perspectives in the non- rofit and start-up worlds, arts, and more. However, there are some limitations to the kind of feminist thinking exemplified by Lean In. This article critically examines Lean In as a discourse or ideology in relation to higher education within and outside Western societies. I argue first that such ideology employs a deficiency model of gender equality that makes women accountable for sexism by focusing on internal rather than external change. Second, I argue that such discourses essentialize gender. Third, I argue that it is not easy to translate the advice given to women across international contexts, as Lean In reflects cultural conceptions of the workplace.
Schools’ influence on their environment
Authors: Addi-Raccah Audrey , Amar Jessica , Ashwal Yahaloma
Published: May 2017

This study views school as a platform for leading social change in the local community, with a particular emphasis on the school’s parents as a part of that community. As such, taking the case of a green school, we examined the relative effects of three means –outreach, communication and attentiveness to the local community’s needs – that can instill new norms and behavior among parents. A sample of 95 parents of fifth and sixth grade students answered a questionnaire. It was found that the school’s means for leading change had different impacts on parents’ attitudes and behavior. However, the findings supported that educators could be regarded as institutional carriers of social change through a relational system.