bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER PARAMETERS IN PRETERM NEONATES FOR PREDICTION OF INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE.
Authors: Duggi Vishal , Ravindra Reddy Prajval , K Umesh
Published: August 2023

Aims and Objectives: To assess the screening of intracerebral vessels in preterm newborns in early postnatal period by transcranial Doppler parameters; as a predictive method of identifying preterm infants at risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. The study is a Materials and Methods: prospective analytical observational study carried out on 50 preterm neonates; 23 male and 27 female, their gestational age (GA) ranged between 26 and 34 weeks, and their birth weights (BW) ranged from 1000 to 2500 g. Examination of the ACA and MCA were performed within the rst two days of life measuring PSV, EDV, MV and Doppler indices RI and PI. Then repeated within 4 to 7 days (follow up study). The neonates are classied into hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic / control groups and comparison of the Doppler parameters. The 50 preterm neonates Results: showed no intracerebral hemorrhage by transcranial ultrasound at the initial examination. On the follow up study, 25 of them developed ICH - hemorrhagic group and 25 of them did not develop ICH - control group. There was statistically signicant difference (P-value < 0.0001) between the two groups as regards; the gestational age <210 days, birth weight <1250 grams, mean value of EDV and RI in Doppler examination. Conclusion: The Doppler parameters were adequate enough to be used in the clinical practice to distinguish normal preterm neonates from those who might develop germinal matrix bleed / Intracerebral haemorrhage. The study showed that the most sensitive Doppler parameter which can be used as a predictor marker for intracerebral hemorrhage in preterm neonates during early postnatal period was RI < 0.64 and end diastolic velocity > 10.9 cm/s as a measurable screening predictor, when clinical symptoms of hemorrhage may be still silent and so preventive and therapeutic actions could be used
ASSESSMENT OF MODIFIABLE AND NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS IN ISCHEMIC STROKE: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF INDIA
Authors: Khan Aisha , Pande Sonjjay , Pratap Singh Kushwaha Avadhesh
Published: August 2023

Objective: To investigate the role of modiable and non-modiable risk factors in Ischaemic Stroke. The author used a cross-sectional Methods:
approach among 66 patients. Baseline CT- Brain (plain and post contrast) was performed to rule out hemorrhage and dene the location of
ischaemic infarct. Detailed history about risk factors was taken which comprised of age , gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia,
smoking, previous stroke/ TIA. Laboratory values were recorded. Non-invasive evaluation by ultrasonography and color doppler of bilateral
carotid arteries was performed with measurement of intima media thickness(IMT). Study consisted of 66 patients, with age in the range of Results:
26 - 85 years. 18 out of 66 (27%) belonged to 25-55 years age group, representing relatively younger population, as shown by other studies
pertaining to Asian study groups . 12 (18.2%) subjects showed signicant IMT of greater than 0.9 mm . Recorded mean IMT among patients with
plaque was 1.22 mm . Carotid plaque was seen in 42 (63.6%) patients . The most prevalent risk factors in the study population were found to be
hypertension, smoking and diabetes. Doppler ultrasonography was found to be an effective tool Conclusion: for evaluation of carotid arteries.
Increased intima media thickness was associated with increased risk of future neurological events. IMT measurement greater than 0.9 mm could
prompt further evaluation . The knowledge about the presence and prevalence of various modiable and non-modiable risk factors in a given
population could guide preventive care and screening to help reduce a signicant burden associated with neurovascular morbidity and mortality .
CESAREAN SCAR ENDOMETRIOSIS: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Abimathi B. , Usha Rani G.
Published: August 2023

Endometriosis is dened as growth and presence of ectopic functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The lesions are typically located in the pelvis but can occur at multiple sites including bowel, diaphragm, abdominal scars, pleural cavity. Scar endometriosis has been described after obstetrical or gynecological surgeries. The incidence of cesarean scar endometriosis is on the rise due to increase in number of cesarean sections. Scar endometriosis can be in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, rectus sheath or muscle or in the uterine myometrium. The endometriotic lesions are hormone dependent and tend to bleed with each menstrual cycle, becoming congested and larger in size with patients feeling cyclical pain and discomfort. Treatment is mostly surgical.
POSTSPLENECTOMY REACTIVE THROMBOCYTOSIS - A CASE REPORT
Authors: K. Patel Shivani , D. Modh Vidhi , Goyal Anjali
Published: August 2023

Thrombocytosis can be primary or secondary (reactive). Thrombocytosis is dened as platelet count >500 K/μL. The most common etiology is reactive thrombocytosis is due to infections, trauma, surgery or occult malignancy. Thrombocytosis is associated with thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. Hypercoagulable state is characterized by episodes of thrombosis and can be due to inherited or acquired conditions. Post splenectomy reactive thrombocytosis has an incidence of about 75-82%. This case report describes 45 year female patient with hepatosplenomegaly, who underwent splenectomy. After splenectomy severe thrombocytosis was noted, which was not present prior to splenectomy. The patient was on aspirin to prevent complications related to thrombocytosis. The platelet count returned back to normal range after 2 months of follow up. Reactive thrombocytosis is a very common event following splenectomy but in this study it was not associated with clinically evident thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications. patients of high risk of thrombotic episodes, cardiovascular disease, myeloproliferative disorders, occult malignancy require monitoring the counts and medical treatment with antiplatelet drugs and cytoreductive therapy to prevent complications.
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan , Purandare Tanay
Published: August 2023

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) usually affects the deep vein of the legs, though it may also occur in the veins of the arms, mesenteric and cerebral veins. Venous thromboembolism can cause sudden pulmonary embolism with instantaneous death. In patients who have developed deep vein thrombosis there is likelihood of recurrent thrombosis and post thrombotic syndrome. Deep venous thrombosis is preventable in majority of the cases. Understanding the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, evaluation and management is essential for both prevention and management thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease
APPLICATIONS OF PLATELET RICH PLASMA IN CHRONIC ULCERS OF HEAD AND NECK- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Saha Sutirtha , Sikder Biswajit , Prusti Trailokeswar , Chowdhury Kanishka , Banerjee Pranabashish
Published: August 2023

Introduction- Platelet rich plasma is an autologous substance that has found its applications in different aspects of surgery. PRP's healing power is attributed to the abundance of growth factors present in it. Thus, we have used platelet rich plasma in management of non-healing ulcers of head and neck ObjectivesŸ To apply Platelet Rich Plasma in chronic ulcers of head and neck. Ÿ To establish the benets of Platelet rich plasma as an easily available, cost effective, harmless substance which can be used to improve the quality of life. Materials and Methods- It was a prospective study on 20 patients in a tertiary centre from August 2021 till September 2022. Of the 20 patients, 10 patients received antibiotics and conventional dressing. The other group received platelet rich plasma inltration around the wound. Results and analysis- Comparing the platelet count in PRP vs baseline platelet levels, we found the count in PRP was 8.23x105 /ml vs 2.03x105 /ml in baseline. The wound healing period in PRP group was also shorter i.e., 15 days compared to 17 days in control group. Mean ulcer diameter in PRP group on day 4, 8 and 10 were 6 cm, 3 cm, and 2 cm respectively; in the non-PRP group it was 7 cm, 4 cm and 2 cm respectively. Biopsy from the ulcers treated with PRP was taken on Day 10 after application and showed epithelialisation, inammatory cell inltrate, collagen deposition and neo angiogenesis. In contrast, non-PRP group only showed inammatory cell inltration on day 10. Conclusion- Platelet rich plasma is a useful, cost effective, autologous material. Our prospective study has shown that PRP application helps in improving wound healing and reducing hospital stay and morbidity of patients.
CO-RELATION BETWEEN MODIC CHANGES IN LUMBAR SPINE WITH DIAGNOSTIC LUMBAR FACET MEDIAL BRANCH BLOCKS FOR RELIEF OF CHRONIC NON SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Majumder Biraj , Afzal Hira , Usmani Hammad , Khalid Mohammad , Qayyum khan Abdul
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Back pain potentially associated with modic changes in lumbar spine, radiculopathy or spinal stenosis, specic spinal cause or nonspecic low back pain. Patients with non-specic low back pain comprised of 85% of all patients of chronic low back pain. Lumbar facet medial branch block can be used as one of the modality for relief of chronic non-specic low back pain as well as for the diagnosis of pain due to medic changes in lumbar spine. To co-relate duration and degree of pain relief after control Objectives: led medial branch blocks with different grades of modic changes in lumbar spine in patients of chronic non- specic low back pain. Methods: The present study was prospective study. A total of 75 patients were enrolled and divided into 3 groups of 25 each on the basis of modic changes. Patients of all the three groups received diagnostic medial branch blocks at three different levels i.e. L2-L4, using a 22 gauge spinal needle with 0.5 ml, 0.25% levo-bupivacaine (isobaric) underuoroscopic guidance and co-relate duration and degree of pain relief using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score as well as overall improvement in the quality of life of patient through SF-12 Health Survey. We found signicant variat Results: ion in the age distribution of the patients in our study. The patients with modic changes (type I and type II) in the lumbar spine were more in the elderly age group. On intergroup comparison -Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) showed signicant reduction in pain scores between group 0 and group I, group 0 and group II and group I and group II (p<0.001) at 1st and 3rd week .Both PCS-SF12 and MCS-12 Health Survey at 3rd week after treatment showed signicant improvement in overall quality of life of patients from baseline in all the study groups (p<0.0001) In our study resul Conclusions: ts showed that improvement of pain relief was signicantly better in the patients of group 0 (patients with no modic changes) as compared to the patients of group I ((patients with type 1 modic changes) and patients of group II (patients with type 2 modic changes) at 3 weeks of lumbar medial branch blocked.
THE EFFECT OF GRADED BALANCE TRAINING PROGRAM ON BALANCE AND COORDINATION IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER (DCD): A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Aamogh Gadkari Shrutika , Sandeep Jaywant Shailaja
Published: August 2023

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a medical diagnosis given when a child has impairment in the development of motor skills and
coordination including balance skills affecting activities of daily living, school, leisure activities. Graded balance training in children with DCD is
necessary for decreasing the risk in mobility function. Methods- Graded balance training consists the components of balance activities initially on
the stable surface and gradually progressing to unstable surface. Prospective, randomized controlled trial, analytical comparative study design was
chosen for this study. 8-12years old typically developing 69 children male and female children having score between 15-57 on developmental
coordination questionnaire (DCDQ) were included in the study . The control group (Group A) received conventional approach (motor training
program) and the experimental group (group B) received graded balance training program for 45 minutes session two sessions per week with all
safety measures for total eight weeks. Result indicated that on BOTMP Scale, at initiation of the study the cores were matched with p ≤ 0.05. On
followup median score on balance subtest was higher in experimental group than control group. In the control group Standard Running speed and
agility, Standard Balance score , standard bilateral coordination Standard strength score after 4th and 8th week median score improved from 0 to 1,
3 to 4.5, 2.5 to 3, 2 to 2.5]respectively. Whereas in experimental group after 4th week and after 8th week median score improved from 3 to 7, 8 to 12,
4 to 10, 5 to 9 respectively with p ≤ 0.05 in all the subtest. The experimental group showed signicant improvement on paediatric balance scale from
baseline mean score 30.22 to 40.65 with p value is 0.000, with 95% condence interval in experimental group. The study concluded that graded
balance training program is useful in improving balance and coordination after 8 weeks of intervention parents also reported improvement in the
academic skills and activities of daily living.
MANIPULATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR INCREASED PRODUCTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL METABOLITE FROM MARINE ACTINOBACTERIA STREPTOMYCES FRADIAE TPM AND NOCARDIOPSIS SYNNEMATAFORMANS KOM4
Authors: Petchiyammal S. , Ramasubramanian V. , Brindha Priyadarisini V.
Published: August 2023

Marine organisms are adapted for surviving and growing in the habitats with extreme physical and chemical conditions. Among the marine microorganisms, Actinobacteria have special importance in the production of novel bioactive metabolites. Hence, the present investigation is aimed to increase the efcacy of production condition for antibacterial metabolites from marine actinobacteria. Further the one factor at a time was performed to check the inuencing factor for enhancement of antibacterial protein production. Factors like pH, temperature, sodium chloride, nitrogen and carbon sources along with incubation period was evaluated using ISP4 medium. The effectiveness of the condition was measured based on the weight of biomass and its antibacterial activity. The antibacterial properties of the crude protein against A. hydrophila MTCC 1739 was also examined using the agar well diffusion technique. S. fradiae TPM showed higher metabolite production with ISP4 medium containing 1.5% NaCl, glucose (carbon source), sodium nitrate (nitrogen source) in pH7.2 incubating at 6 D for 30°C. Isolate N. synnemataformans KOM4 produced high biomass corresponding to increased antibacterial activity at pH 7.6,1% NaCl, mannose as carbon source, sodium nitrate as nitrogen source and 8 days of incubation at 30°C. These optimized parameters can be useful to design a fermentation medium using available software to achieve maximum yield of bioactive metabolite produced by the marine actinobacteria.
SCARRED UTERUS: COMPLICATIONS IN THE SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCIES OF TWO OR MORE CAESAREAN SECTIONS AND THEIR SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Barve Aarya , Karale Vivek
Published: August 2023

The world is witnessing an increase in the rate of Caesarean sections for the last couple of decades, giving the women an obstetric status of 'previous
Caesarean section.' While the crucial lifesaving role of Caesarean section in modern obstetrics is evident, the potential adverse effects of high
Caesarean section rates are less expressed. In this descriptive observational study, we assessed the frequencies and variations seen in intraoperative surgical complications, post-operative complications and immediate fetal outcome in 100 patients with previous two or more Caesarean
sections in a tertiary care hospital. The social implications behind third or higher order pregnancies have also been studied. The most common
intraoperative complication encountered was intraabdominal adhesions (25%) followed by impending scar rupture (13%). Intra-abdominal
adhesions were most commonly between anterior abdominal wall and anterior surface of uterus. Signicant blood loss was noted in 21% cases. The
most common contraceptive used prior to the current pregnancy was barrier methods (75%) while 58% couples opted for tubal ligation along with
the current Caesarean section. 6% couples did not opt for any contraception despite having multiple previous Caesarean sections. The risks
associated with multiple repeat Caesarean sections are many, taking a toll on maternal health and fetal wellbeing. This study provides important
information to counsel pregnant women with multiple previous Caesarean sections to know more about the complications associated with repeat
emergency Caesarean section.
MODAFINIL FOR THE TREATMENT OF OPIOID-INDUCED SEDATION IN TERMINAL CANCER PATIENTS: CASE SERIES
Authors: Shukla Aradhana , Shukla Shantanu , Gaur Ravi , Kamal Manoj , Agrawal Himanshu
Published: August 2023

Objective- To report effectiveness of Modanil, a novel wake promoting drug, to attenuate opioid induced sedation in terminal cancer patients.
Material and Methods- Retrospective case study of 5 patients prescribed Modanil for opioid-induced sedation in Pain & palliative care unit,
AIIMS, Jodhpur and analysis of pre and post score of Epworth sleepiness scale and Katz activity of daily living index over a period of 30 days.
Results- Signicant improvement in ESS scores and Katz scores between the rst measurement and the nal measurement over a period of 4 weeks
(ESS: mean change: -8.20 (0.836), 95%condence interval: 15.96 to 19.64, P= 0.001; Katz: mean change: -2.878 (0.707), 95%condence interval:
0.76 to 2.84, P = 0.003). The average initial Modanil dose was 100mg/patient/day, which increased to a nal dose of 160 mg/patient/ day (mean
change: -60 mg/patient/day, P= 0.083). Change in Modanil dose on regression analysis model did not show any signicant correlation in outcome
of ESS and Katz activity of daily living index. Conclusion- Modanil is benecial in attenuating opioid induced sedation and improving quality of
life in cases of opioid induced sedation.
PREVALANCE OF THYROID ABNORMALITY IN PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING AND ITS ENDOMETRIAL PATTERN
Authors: Priyanka Priyanka , Menon Sudha
Published: August 2023

Background And Purpose Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common gynaecological problem in women which signicantly affects the quality of life. The prevalence increases with age peaking just prior to menopause. In perimenopausal age, variation in normal cyclical pattern may be due to physiological hormonal changes or pathological. Most ovulatory dysfunction can be traced to endocrinopathies mainly thyroid disorders. It can present as spectrum of menstrual abnormalities ranging from amenorrhoea, infrequent bleeding to episodes of extreme heavy menstrual bleeding. Thyroid disorders are one of the preventable causes and if properly diagnosed, unnecessary surgical interventions can be avoided. Methods: This is a cross sectional study, conducted in the SAThospital, Thiruvananthapuram, where women in age group of 45-55 with abnormal uterine bleeding attending gynaecology OP or as IP, for a period of one year after excluding cervical or genital infections, pregnancy and related causes of bleeding per vagina (PV) and postmenopausal bleeding were selected. Thorough history taking clinical examination and investigations including imaging, TSH, FT3, FT4 were done using questionnaire. Endometrial samples among those with thyroid abnormality were obtained. Data was analysed and statistical test of signicance calculated by chi square test. ResultsIn our study, 31.7% women with AUB was hypothyroid and 9.5% women were hyperthyroid. The most common pattern of perimenopausal AUB was frequent cycles, which was prolonged, irregular and associated with heavyow. Irregular cycles were noted in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism which was signicant. 73 percent of women with a thyroid dysfunction had a palpable thyroid. 47.4% women had normal ndings in USG which signify non-structural causes in perimenopausal women which was signicant (p value <0.001). Out of those already diagnosed with thyroid disorder and on regular treatment, 76.7% had symptomatic relief while on treatment. Conclusion Thyroid disorders are prevalent among premenopausal women with AUB. Thyroid disorders should be considered as an important associated factor for menstrual abnormalities even in perimenopausal women. It is important to screen look for thyroid disorders in women coming with abnormal uterine bleeding. These are preventable causes of AUB. Prompt treatment of thyroid disorders enhances the quality of life of women and prevents unnecessary hormonal treatment and surgery
A STUDY TO DETERMINE ASSOCIATION OF SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES WITH HYPERTENSION AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.
Authors: V Mistry Krishna , P Chauhan Deep , M Rathod Abdussamad , H Jhala Kajalba , Antani Misha , Goyal Anjali
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: The increased prevalence of elevated homocysteine levels is noted in subjects of Type-2 diabetes (T2D) with
macroangiopathy and nephropathy. As hyperhomocysteinemia, with treatment is a modiable risk factor, correction of hyperhomocysteinemia
may have a benecial effect in T2D. The aims of the study were 1) to study the role of homocysteine in T2D and CVD and 2) to study the role of
factors that alter the level of homocysteine. A retrospective cross-secti Method: onal study was conducted on 100 subjects in tertiary care centre in
Western India. Anthropometry, demography and biochemistry data were collected using standard protocol. Statistical analysis was done using chisquare test. P value of <0.05 was considered signicant. We report signicantly Result: higher proportion of hyperhomocysteinemia in male
gender, smokers and subjects with high random blood sugar level. Proportion of subjects with elevated homocysteine levels was signicantly
higher in subjects with high LDL and high triglyceride levels. Signicant association of raised serum homocysteine levels and reduced vitamin B12
levels was noted in patients with ischemic heart disease. Hyperhomocys Conclusion: teinemia is associated with development of T2D and
cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin B12 deciency contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia.
PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AMONG CHILDREN OF AGE GROUP 8 TO 16 YEARS IN HYDERABAD: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Yadav Sudesh , Kalla Kamakshi , Upadhyay Aditi
Published: August 2023

Background:All age groups are impacted by dental caries; however, children are more severely affected. Due to an increase in the consumption of
sugary foods, improper teeth brushing practices, and lack of oral health knowledge, dental caries is becoming more common in children in
developing nations.Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of dental caries in school-going children in the region of Hyderabad.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by OroGlee Solutions Private Limited, Hyderabad. Atotal of 5291 subjects aged 8 to 16 years
were examined. Oral examination was done using an intraoral camera. Results: Prevalence of dental caries in the 8 to 10 year age group is 43.6%.
In 11 to 13 year age group the prevalence is 41.5% and in the 14 to 16 year age group it is 42.3%. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries
among Indian school-going children is high in all age groups in both, primary and permanent dentition. A consistent, population-specic dental
health promotion programme is thus necessary for prevention of dental caries in children
PATTERN OF MEDICO LEGALAUTOPSIES IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL – A ONE YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kr. Gogoi Nitu , K. Thakuria P.
Published: August 2023

With the progress of human civilization there has been a marked development in every aspect of mankind which on the other hand has also resulted
in increased number of deaths following unnatural causes. Medico legal autopsies thereby portray not only the causes of death but also reect the
socio economic and demographic prole of that particular region. The present study was conducted at Tezpur Medical College & Hospital, Tezpur,
Assam to nd out the various patterns of Medico legal autopsies during the period 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019.
CREATININE PHOSPHOKINASE; A PREDICTIVE BIOCHEMICAL MARKER FOR COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Authors: A Gazala , Afzal Tahir , Samiullah Samiullah
Published: August 2023

Acute compartment syndrome is a condition in which there is
increased pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment, resulting
in impaired local circulation. Acute compartment syndrome is
considered a surgical emergency. Without prompt treatment, acute
compartment syndrome can lead to ischemia and eventually, necrosis.
PATIENT SATISFACTION IN LICHTENSTEIN REPAIR UNDER LOCAL ANESTHESIA VS SPINAL ANESTHESIA: COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar Uttam , K. Kajla R. , Prasad Mahavir , Singh Taranpreet , Parmar Ashok
Published: August 2023

Background: Hernias are among the oldest known afictions of human kind and elective inguinal hernia repair is commonly performed operation
in general surgery. Lichtenstein mesh repair technique is widely used throughout the world. Hernioplasty done under spinal, general and local
anesthesia, local anesthesia has some benets like post operative pain relief,early ambulation, less urinary retention, shorter hospital stays and
lesser costs. The condition of patient, surgeon's experience and technical factor also play a role in our Studies. Comparing the recovery proles of
local anaesthesia and spinal/general anesthesia show that local anaesthesia is alternative of spinal or general anaesthesia for day care surgery or
medical unt patient for general/spinal anesthesia. To assess and com Aims and objectives: pare the intraoperative complication of inguinal
Hernia repair like bradycardia, hypotension, and pain during surgery, nausea, vomiting and duration of surgery and to evaluate the post-operative
complication like urinary retention, headache, seroma, hematoma, scrotaloedema, recurrences and operative time, intra and post operative pain in
both groups. The current study designed a randomized clinical trial study based on our i Material and methods: nclusion and exclusion criteria, 50
patients were randomly selected and were put into 2 equal groups (LA and SA groups). All hernia repairs were performed by Lichtenstein
technique. The intra-operative complication, early postoperative complications, surgery time, hospitalization time and pain score (by Visual
Analogue Scale (VAS)) were evaluated. Intra-operative pain was higher in LA group Results: than SA group whereas bradycardia and hypotension
was higher in SA group. There was no difference in post-operative complication like seroma, scrotal oedema, haematoma, wound infection
(p>0.05). Post-operative complications like urinary retention, headache was common in SA group It can be reliably concluded that Conclusion:
local anaesthesia is a alternative effective method for inguinal hernia repair in adults comparable to spinal anaesthesia as far as patient satisfaction
in terms of intra operative complications related to spinal anaesthesia ,post operative pain recovery from anaesthesia (early post operative
ambulation), length of hospital stay are concerned , some drawbacks were also observed in local anaesthesia, which wasnot evident in spinal
anaesthesia such as intra operative difculties like, cauterization difculty and increased muscletone.
INTRAOPERATIVE MARGIN ASSESSMENT OF EARLY ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA – A SINGLE-CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Mishra Shivayak , Dwivedi Sabita , Dwivedi Surjeet
Published: August 2023

Oral cancer is a major health issue, especially in India. It is one of the most common malignancies. Tobacco and alcohol are the most common causes of oral cancer which mostly has the propensity to involve the tongue or buccal mucosa. The present study was conducted to assess the margins of early oral squamous cell carcinoma intraoperatively. Smoking, alcohol and tobacco consumption were found to be high-risk factors for oral carcinoma and synergistically increase the risk manifold. The results of the frozen section and nal histopathological report of resected tumor margins were comparable in our study. Margin shrinkage is often overlooked in the head and neck and especially so in oral cancer resection. Often, in vivo adequate margin of resection transforms into close margin of resection upon removal hence it is prudent to excise a healthy cuff tissue measuring 1 cm. The most important predictor for the recurrence of the disease is the involvement of tumour margins of the resected specimen. One major limitation of the frozen section is that the entire margin of the resected tumour cannot be assessed during surgery. Only a few areas of the margin of the tumour is evaluated and the deeper areas cannot be assessed. It can hence lead to 'False negative' results thereby could lead to potentiated chances of local recurrence or treatment failure. To mitigate this inherent issue, surgeons need to be experienced in judging and directing the most obvious regions for Frozen analysis. The role of teamwork along with the pathology team couldn't be underestimated at any cost. To conclude frozen section is a reliable tool for margin assessment intraoperatively especially in early cases. Surgeon and pathologist experience would certainly assist in mitigating the risk of false negatives
OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER AS A TRIAGE TOOL IN PREDICTING RAISED INTRACRANIAL TENSION AND SEVERITY OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
Authors: Ravindra Reddy Prajval , Duggi Vishal , M D Prabhu Vinay
Published: August 2023

Aims and Objectives Ÿ To correlate increase in optic nerve sheath diameter and optic nerve sheath diameter/eyeball transverse diameter ratio with clinical Glasgow coma scale in traumatic brain injury. Ÿ To correlate the relationship optic nerve sheath diameter and optic nerve sheath diameter /eyeball transverse diameter ratio with Rotterdam and Helsinki computed tomography scoring systems in traumatic brain injury. Method and Materials: A prospective study comprised of 100 adult patients who underwent CT brain within 24 hours for assessment of traumatic brain injury at M. S. Ramaiah hospital, Bengaluru. Demographic details and relevant clinical data of the patients was documented. The ONSD and eyeball transverse diameters was measured on both sides using electronic callipers. The ONSD and ONSD / ETD ratio was correlated with GCS, Rotterdam and Helsinki CT severity scores. Results Ÿ In our study a total of 100 patients underwent non enhanced CT brain within 24 hours of traumatic event suspected for traumatic brain injury. Ÿ The mean age of the subjects was 39.97+ 12.76 years with males accounting for 70% of the cases. Ÿ The ONSD and ONSD / ETD ratio was calculated using the electronic calipers and severity scores calculated scoring their respective components. Ÿ In our study the mean ONSD on the right and left side was 5.59 and 5.58 mm respectively and the mean ONSD / ETD ratio was 0.22 on either side. There was statistically signicant correlation between the ONSD and ONSD / ETD ratio with Glasgow coma scale, Rotterdam and Helsinki CT severity scores. The study showed that ONSD and ONSD / ETD ratio can be reliably used as non-invasive parameters in prediction of raised intracranial tension on the initial CT scan of brain following a traumatic event. Conclusion Ÿ Optic nerve sheath diameter and Optic nerve sheath diameter / Eyeball transverse diameter Ratios should be documented in every report of the initial CT scan of brain with suspicion of traumatic brain injury. Ÿ These ratios serve as important radiological tools in the assessment of the severity of the traumatic brain injury and in prediction of the intracranial pressure and thereby aid in appropriate timely interventions and thus help reduce the mortality associated with the raised intracranial pressure
FREQUENCY OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG WOMEN IN MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION
Authors: Kuriyan Joy Bichu , A T Safeekh , Prajwal Castelino Karen
Published: August 2023

Background: Menopausal transition is a period of endocrinological changes preceding menopause and is associated with various physical
symptoms and mood disturbances. This cross sectional study is aimed at nding the frequency of anxiety and depression among women during this
transition. This questionnaire based study evaluated 45 women in menopausal transi Materials And Methods: tion, who visited obstetrics and
gynaecology department in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka, using Zung anxiety and depression scales. Diagnosis of menopausal
transition was made according to Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW). 26.66 % of t Results: he participants had anxiety and 33.33%
were diagnosed with new onset depression. A statistically signicant positive correlation was found between the occurrences of anxiety and
depression among women during the transition. Similarly, it was found that depression in menopausal transition is more common in women with
low educational status. A statistically signicant correlation was found between diagnosis of anxiety and the number of children. The Conclusion:
frequency of anxiety and depression is higher in women during menopausal transition as compared to that of general population. Hence, periodic
evaluation for this disorders is warranted to aid early diagnosis and management.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CORE MUSCLE ENDURANCE AND FOOT POSTURE IN COLLEGE GOING STUDENTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Vekariya Chandresh , Kumar Arvind , Shah Drashti
Published: August 2023

Background: Proper posture is considered to be a state of musculoskeletal balance that involves A minimal amount of Stress or strain to the body.it
Compromises balance because of muscular Imbalance which can cause loss Of Proprioception sense in joint and decreased Balance, and trunk
endurance is signicantly Reduced in Reduced in forward head posture and may lead to poor muscular Control of the spine. To Determine the Aim:
Correlation between core muscle endurance and foot posture in college Going Students. Methodology: An observational study Was conducted in
50 College Going Students of Ahmedabad and Convient Sampling was used. Age group 18-25 Year students Chek for Core Muscle Endurance Test
and Foot Posture Analysis. The statistical evaluation become accomplished with SPSS version 29-2022, September. Our Finding Suggest Result:
that from Descriptive analysis of data was expressed in mean and Standard Deviation for various parameters. Correlation were expressed in term of
R value and P Value. P value less than 0.05 was considered to be Signifcant. Indi Conclusion: viduals with altered foot posture will have an effect on
the Proximal segment through the Kinetic chain phenomenon of the body, Affecting the core endurance. Individuals with altered Foot posture have
reduced core endurance.
Parasitization of a libellulid dragonfly, Urothemis assignata Selys (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) by water mite larvae of the genus Hydrachna (Acarina: Hydrachnidae)
Authors: HASSAN A. T
Published: August 2023

The parasitization of a libellulid dragonfly, Urothemis assignata Selys, by mite larvae of the genus Hydrachna is reported here for the first time. Infestation was initiated usually on the ultimate instar in water, although occasionally, the penultimate ins tar was infested. Parasitization of the adult host was evidenced by the presence of mites or their scar on the wings. Adults and larvae were parasitized all the year round, most heavily during the dry season (October to May). The number of the mite larvae per host varied between 12 and 206, while parasitism in the sample population ranged between 55 and 900/0. The transfer of mite larvae from the host larvae to adults during ecdysis seemed to coincide with the period of wing withdrawal from the cast skin. Mites re-entered water during territorial defence and mating of their adult hosts. There is evidence that the mite larvae develop into nyrnphochrysalis or nymphs before dropping into water. Out of the other 10 common libellulids screened for mite parasitization, only three had mites. Hygrobates sp. was recorded on two of the three, whilst the third had Hydrachna sp.
Predation efficiency and capacity of the. larvae of three libellulid dragonflies (Anisoptera: Libetluidae)
Authors: HASSAN A.T.
Published: August 2023

The predation efficiency of the final and penultimate instar larvae of Urothemis assignata Selys, Palpoleura lucia (Drury) and Acisoma panorpoides Selys on six prey types was studied in the laboratory. Predation efficiency on tadpoles, zygopteran larvae ephemeropteran larvae and ostracods was high (40 to 92%); it was highest on ephemeropteran larvae (76 to 92%) and lowest on zygopteranlarvae (40 to 720/0). Predation efficiency was also low on fish fry (0 to 56%) and anisopteran larvae (24 to 50%). The prey type, the size of prey, the movement pattern of prey, the size of the libellulid larvae and their agility influenced predation efficiency. Predation capacity was high; prey were still killed even after the larvae were satiated. It seems that a regulation of food intake exists in the larvae of the three Iibellulid larvae.
Studies on the reactions of the large kola weevil, Sophrorhinus quadricristatus Faust to moisture and temperature
Authors: DARAMOLA A.M
Published: August 2023

The reactions of the large kola weevil, Sophrorhinus quadricristatus to moisture in a humidity choice chamber and temperature in a linear temperature gradient were studied. Both the male and female insect showed a hygronegative response in all the pairs of humidities offered. The insects perceived and reacter to humidity differences of 20% R.H. at the lower (10-30% R.H) and upper (60-80% R.H.) portions of the humidity scale. Dehydrated and.starved insects showed a hygropositive response and the intensity of reaction increased with the period of treatment. S. quadricristatus showed a preferred temperature range of 27°C – 31.5°C. This range falls within the temperature ranges the insects are usually exposed to in the field and storage.
An appraisal of silk from Anaphe venata Butler (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) and methods for degumming
Authors: ASHIRU M.O.
Published: August 2023

The physical properties of the silk of Anaphe venata were measured after degumming the cocoons in water, sodium carbonate, ash effluent and dilute ‘hydrochloric acid. The best degumming results were obtained with the ash effluent, 1% and 2% sodium carbonate solutions. A. venata has potential in the silk industry in Nigeria, but a more thorough examination of its bionomics is needed
Effects of soil tillage and flooding on the eggs of Zonocerus variegatus (L) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidaejin northern Nigeria
Authors: AMATOBI C.I.
Published: August 2023

The effects of flooding and soil tillage on the eggs of Z. variegatus were investigated in a riverine farmland. A combination of soil tillage and flooding at 4,8 and 12 days intervals’ for two months before hatching began and continuing for another two months thereafter caused 83, 75 and 65% egg mortality respectively. Soil tillage and subsequent exposure to desiccation destroyed 51 % of the eggs. Flooding alone at 4, 8 and 12 days intervals caused 72, 76 and 43% egg mortality respectively. Flooding generally delayed egg development. Hatching of the eggs lasted for about 21/2 months and the peaks occurred in December or January.
A review of the status of the oil palm leaf miner beetle in West Africa
Authors: EKUKOLE O.
Published: August 2023

A review of research work between 1919 and 1982 shows that Coelaenomenodera elaeidis, Maulik (Coleoptera: Hispidae) is a very important insect pest of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) in West Africa. Control so far has been with the use of various insecticides but this has not yielded the expected results. Perhaps integrated control will be the best tool for the future.
Antgonistic and synergistic activities of precocene 2 on the toxicity of permethrin and carbofuran to rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: OLUFADE A.O.
Published: August 2023

Precocene 2, (2 – 2 – dimethyl, 6, 7 – dimethoxy chromene) an antijuvenile hormone compound, was tested for its antagonistic and synergistic effects on the toxicity of permethrin and carbofuran to adults of Japanese and Philippine strains of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). Precocene 2 synergised permethrin; carbofuran was synergised and antagonised by precocene 2 depending on the mixture ratio of the compounds. The greatest synergistic action was achieved with a 1:10 combination. Possible mechanisms of antagonism and synergism of precocene 2 are discussed.
Potential of crop diversity for pest management I. Theoretical and empirical considerations.
Authors: UVAH I.I.
Published: August 2023

Agronomous advantages of mixed cropping particularly from work in the tropics are well known. There has, however, been an unfortunate dearth of scientific input from entomologist and pathologists despite the recognition accorded insects and diseases as major limiting factors to increased yields in most tropical crops. The indication from the limited information is that intercropping frequently reduces insect herbivore infestations on the component crops. This, the first of a two-part review paper, gives some of the circumstantial evidence of reductions in the abundance of insect pests due to mixed cropping in relation to the diversity-stability theory. Examples from work by the author on pest abundance in a cowpea/sorghum mixture at Zaria are also given. The need for incorporation of alternative pest control strategies that reduce the current level of reliance on pesticide is emphasised.
Field observation on the diurnal activities of the Sahelian plague grasshopper Oedaleus senegalensis Krauss (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in northern Nigeria.
Authors: AMATOBI C.I. , APEJI S.A. , OYIDI O.
Published: August 2023

Diurnal activities of the adults and nymphs of Oedaleus senegalensis in relation to temperatures of plant shade and sunshine areas on cool and warm days were observed. The activities followed a similar sequence but the time of commencement varied. At dawn and sunset, the movement of the grasshopper was sluggish and the adults and the older nymphs rested on bare ground, while the younger nymphs rested on low vegetation. The insects vacated their positions at sunrise. Thereafter, their activities, such as creeping or crawling, hopping, feeding, flying, courting and copulation, increased with a rise in temperature. The peaks of the activities occurred at about 36 to 370C on warm days and 30 to 320C on cool days. The level of activities reduced at about 380C and the insects fell into a state of heat stupor and immobility at temperatures higher than 40°C. When the temperature fell below 400C the insect resumed activities. The adults and nymphs of the grasshopper were rarely found in the middle of the shades and at heights above one metre. The probable implication of the findings for the control of this. grasshopper is discussed.
The thermal death point of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius
Authors: ILOBA B:N. , OSUJI F.N.C.
Published: August 2023

A thermal death point of 51.5°C for 15 minutes exposure and 47.5°C for 4 hours exposure was determined for Callosobruchus maculatus F. Weight loss was lower at higher humidities. Death after 12 hours exposure at 46°C was due to both high temperature and the loss of moisture by evaporation, and is therefore not regarded as a true thermal death point.
Damage to teak (Tectona grandis Linn.) leaves by nymphs of Zonocerus variegaius Linn. (Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) at Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: AISAGBONHI C.I.
Published: August 2023

The early stage nymphs of Zonocerus variegatus occurred in clusters on the leaves of Tectona grandis from early November 1974 to early January. The leaves were damaged by the insects by skeletonising which was mostly marked on the older leaves of the plant. The young tender leaves appeared to be resistant to the destructive feeding of the nymphs. The skeletonising generally started from the leaf margins and spread gradually to the entire leaf area. The severity of the damage increased with an increase in plant age and number of nymphs per plant. Also observed were the presence of some insects of the families Mantidae and Pyrrhocoreidae and the order Hymenoptera. The predatory and parasitic roles of these insects on the nymphal populations of Z. variegatus was, however, not investigated in this study.
Effect of three Biologically active dietary substances on the development and reproduction of the leather beetle, Dermestes maculatus De Geer
Authors: BALOGUN R.A. , OFUYA G.E.
Published: August 2023

The effects of three biologically-active dietary substances namely sulfanilamide, adrenaline and B-sitosterol, in the diet on the development and reproduction of the leather beetle, Dermestes maculatus, De Geer have been studied at 70% relative humidity and variable temperatures. Adrenaline and B-sitosterol each at 1.0% w/w, 0.5% w/w and 0.1% w/w concentrations in the diet respectively produced loss in weight and an increase in larval developmental period. Sulfanilamide at 0.1% w/w concentration in the diet stimulated growth and reduced larval developmental period. The highest survival of larvae to the adult stage was found among larvae fed on fish meal containing sulfanilamide while the highest mortality occurred in fish meat containing adrenaline and B-sitosterol. The possible implications of these results for the control of the leather beetle are discussed.
Cytotaxonomy: II: Standard chromosomes of the Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum Theobold (Dipkra: Simuliidae)
Authors: VAJIME C.G.
Published: August 2023

Male meiotic chromosomes and larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes were studied in Feulgen squash preparations of Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum Theobald. The position of the primary constrictions of the three meiotic bivalents approximate the position of the centromeres in the three giant salivary gland polytene chromosomes. A description of the standard chromosomes of the subgenus and the micromophological landmarks associated with each chromosome is given and illustrated with microphotographs. The value of these landmarks, the uniqueness of the banding pattern and the use of both in the diagnosis of species complexes are discussed.
Sampling techniques for estimating the apterous population of Cerataphis variabilis H.R.L. (Homoptera: pemphigidae) on raphia palms
Authors: ENOBAKHARE D.A.
Published: August 2023

Three sampling methods for assessing Cerataphis variabilis population on raphia palms were used and described – ‘spear tip’, basal leaflet on frond-one and infestation scale. The variances, .obtained from each data were’ not significantly different from one another at the 5% level. The merits and demerits of the different techniques are discussed.
Review of insects associated with cowpea: the case of Maiduguri in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria
Authors: MANAWADU D. , SHARAR H.
Published: August 2023

A total of 110 species of insects were found associated with cowpea in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria out of which 21 species were found to have got the potential to reach major pest status under certain circumstances. They are indicated as major pests in the list. Sixty three percent of the insects collected were associated with the preflowering stage, 10 percent with flowers and 19 percent with pods of the cowpea crop while 8 percent were casual visitors. A list of insects arranged according to the phenology of the crop is presented. Certain differences were noted between the insect fauna of cowpea in the semi-arid north (as reported here) and other parts of Nigeria (as per other reports) which can be attributed to the differences in climate