bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy at 1700 nm spectral band
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Yamanaka Masahito , Kawagoe Hiroyuki , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki , Nishizawa Norihiko
Published: December 2022

Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a non-destructive 3-dimentional (3D) imaging technique with micrometer-scale resolution, which is based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy [1-3]. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the OCT imaging depth is improved by using 1700 nm spectral band, so called “optical window 3”, due to the lower light absorption and a local minimum of water absorption in the wavelength region [4-8]. In our group, we developed a supercontinuum (SC) laser source at the 1700-nm wavelength region and demonstrated that 1700-nm OCT allows us to visualize the structures of mouse brain at a depth up to 1.7 mm [9-11]. We also successfully demonstrated 3D highresolution visualization of myelinated axons in a mouse brain with 1700-nm OCM, which we developed based on a time-domain low-coherence interferometer [12]. In this presentation, we report high-resolution spectral-domain OCM (SD-OCM) at the 1700-nm spectral band for improving the imaging acquisition speed of 1700-nm OCM.
Electrical Switching Triggered by Plasmonic Nanoheater
Authors: Kubo Wakana
Published: December 2022

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a phase transition material, which accompanies a drastic change in resistivity of 3 orders of magnitude between insulator and metallic phases. [1] Under room temperature, VO2 shows an insulator phase with higher resistivity, on the other hand, above the phase transition temperature, it becomes a metallic phase with low resistivity. Its phase transition can be triggered by applying heat, voltage, and light, resulting in a hysteresis characteristic which realizes the electrical or light switching devices.
Improvement of Photocatalytic Efficiency by Adding Ag Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide to TiO2
Authors: Chen Yen-Shin , Chao Bo-Kai , Nagao Tadaaki , Hsueh Chun-Hway
Published: December 2022

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the commonly used photocatalyst. However, because only a small ultraviolet portion of solar spectrum can excite the electron-hole pairs resulting from the large band gap (3.2 eV) [1] and the recombination rate is high, its efficiency is restrained. To overcome this drawback, we added silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to construct the ternary plasmonic catalyst to improve the catalytic performance of TiO2 nanopowder (P25). We prepared three different geometries of Ag nanostructures including sphere, decahedron and prism because the plasmon resonance properties of Ag could be controlled by the morphology of Ag nanoparticle, which shows characteristic strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) leading to an increase in light absorption [2]. The incorporated RGO inhibited the charge recombination and enhanced the electron-hole separation. In this study, Ag nanodecahedrons/P25/RGO and Ag nano-prisms/P25/RGO hybrid photocatalysts possessed remarkable photocatalytic activity, which displayed over 8 times higher photocatalytic efficiency than the P25 photocatalyst.
Surface Plasmon Resonance and Molecular Imprinting Polymer based Fiber Optic Dicloran Sensor
Authors: Semwal Vivek , Gupta Banshi D.
Published: December 2022

Dicloran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline), a chlorinated nitroaniline fungicide, is used to prevent the different crops from fungal spore germination [1]. According to studies, excess of fungicides is very dangerous for human health as well as for the environment and causes many diseases such as birth defects, neurological disorders, liver damage, cancer and hormone disruption [2, 3]. Therefore, a quick, low cost and highly sensitive sensor is required for the detection of dicloran. The aim of this work is designing of a highly selective sensor to determine the dicloran in biological and environmental samples.
Transmissive metamaterial color filters
Authors: Kanamori Yoshiaki , Ema Daisuke , Hane Kazuhiro
Published: December 2022

Color filters are indispensable for imaging devices, liquid crystal displays, and so on. Color filters are divided by two types that are transmissive and reflective types. In the field of electrical device applications such as image sensors and displays, transmissive color filters are more useful than reflective filters. Currently, transmissive color filters with pigments are commonly used.
Narrow bandwidth thermal emission with Tamm plasmon polaritons
Authors: Yang Zih-Ying , Ishii Satoshi , Yokoyama Takahiro , Dao Thang Duy , Sun Mao-Guo , Pankin Pavel S. , Timofeev Ivan V , Nagao Tadaaki , Chen Kuo-Ping
Published: December 2022

Selective thermal emitters have gathered great attention recently, which can radiate only in narrow band and reduce the radiation losses in other wavelengths [1]. In order to fabricate large area selective thermal emitters, a planar multilayer structure that can excite surface state resonances can be the best candidate [2]. Among surface waves, Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) can be excited through normal incidence both in TE- and TM- polarized light, which is advantageous in sample design [3-4].
High-resolution Point Light Source display
Authors: Dalkhaa Nomin-Erdene , Baasantseren Ganbat
Published: December 2022

There are many 3-D display technologies [1-4]. Among them, the Point Light Source (PLS) display, one of the integral imaging [1, 4] technologies has many benefits. Such as, it does not require 3-D glasses and colorful. In addition, it can be seen in both X and Y-axis and regardless of the viewer’s position. However, it has disadvantages such as narrow viewing angles [5-8], short depth range [9, 10] and low resolution because of the large pixel of display [11, 12]. The resolution of PLS display is defined by the distance between two PLSs. Lesser the distance between them more the resolution is enhanced.
Focusing through scattering media based on machine learning
Authors: Horisaki Ryoichi , Takagi Ryosuke , Tanida Jun
Published: December 2022

Beam focusing through scattering media is a longstanding research topic in the field of optics/photonics because it is a key technique to realize controlling and sensing of biological targets in deep tissues. Various methods related to these topics have been proposed and demonstrated [1, 2]. However, most of those methods require multiple feedbacks to compensate the incident beam shape and/or complicated optical setups for interferometrical measuring the wavefront.
Method to Form Uniform Aerial Thermal Image
Authors: Kujime Ryosuke , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: December 2022

Three-dimensional aerial display can be realized by use of lens array [1] and reflective optical elements [2, 3]. Aerial display of light and heat using crossed-mirror array (CMA) and double-layered arrays of rectangular mirrors (WARM) has been proposed [4, 5]. These reflective optical elements form a thermal aerial image by converging infra-red ray. After double reflections, the incident rays are con-verged into the image position because reflection surfaces are placed perpendicularly. Shape of thermal image is same of heat source. However, the intensity of the converged radiation varies depending on the distance between the WARM and the heat source. Therefore, when forming a large-size aerial thermal image, the temperature distribution of the formed aerial thermal image is not uniform.
Difference of Perceived Depth Change between Arc 3D Display and Stereoscopic Display by Increasing Visual Acuity Difference
Authors: Awata Yoko , Mizushina Haruki , Suyama Shiro
Published: December 2022

Recently, many stereoscopic displays using binocular parallax become popular. However, not a few people, such as anisometropic people, are difficult to perceive depth only by binocular disparity. More human-friendly 3D display should be required, by which even anisometropic people can perceive 3D images. As a prior research [1], Sadakuni re-ported that DFD (Depth-fused 3D) display [2] is less de-graded by increasing visual acuity difference of both eyes than stereoscopic display. Sadakuni proposed assumption that smooth motion parallax in DFD display would improve perceived depth degradation even at fixed head.
Viewing area on a both-sided aerial display with AIRR
Authors: Shimose Kazuki , Kawai Kazuki , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: December 2022

We propose a both-sided aerial display with AIRR (aerial imaging by retro-reflection), which enables two users to operate aerial screen in the air. We have analyzed its viewing area and confirmed the analyses with a prototype.
Single Pixel Imaging by Use of Retro-reflector
Authors: Morita Shogo , Onose Sho , Sasaki Makoto , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: December 2022

Single pixel imaging is a technique to obtain an image by use of a single pixel detector [1-3]. In the conventional single pixel imaging, light is converged by a lens. Detectable object size is limited by the lens. Thus, when the objects are large, a large-scale lens is required. In this paper, we propose a method of single pixel imaging that collect lights by use of a retro-reflector instead of a lens.
Optical Force Manipulation of Nematic Liquid Crystal Assembly
Authors: Ayop Shahrul Kadri , Sasaki Keiji
Published: December 2022

Liquid crystal (LC) shows interesting physical properties in between solid and liquid phases. Generally, LCs are categorized into thermotropic and lyotropic type.
Increase of magnetic anisotropy energy in Au/Co/Au nanostructure by localized surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Kikuchi Yusuke , Tanaka Takuo
Published: December 2022

Magneto-plasmonics has attracted much interest in recent years.
Plasmonic and optical properties of periodic silver nanoprism array fabricated by H2O2-assisted nanosphere lithography
Authors: Lu Ying-Chou , Hsueh Chun-Hway
Published: December 2022

Nanosphere lithography (NSL) method for fabricating the large-scale periodic nanostructure has been widely reported for plasmonics applications [1].
Wettability Based Detection of H2S gas employing Plasmonic Nanostructures Fabricated by Glancing Angle Deposition
Authors: Gahlaut Shashank K. , Singh J P
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen sulfide is one of the pollutant which has a smell of rotten egg. Sewages, industrial organic garbage and mines are main sources of this gas.
Enhancement of photoinduced sub-THz spin precession via the spin-plasmon coupling
Authors: Satoh Takuya
Published: December 2022

Ultrafast all-optical control of spins with femtosecond laser pulses is a trending topic at the crossroads of photonics and magnetism with a direct impact on future magnetic recording.
Kerker effect Germanium metasurface optical absorber at 1.55 um
Authors: Zhou Zoung-Xing , Yang Jhen-Hong , Chen Kuo-Ping
Published: December 2022

For silicon photonics, the infrared wavelengths around 850 nm, 1300 nm, 1550 nm are typically used. Germanium are the conventional materials of choice of NIR photodetectors due to their good absorption and transport properties.
Dynamic SERS imaging of intracellular molecules
Authors: Fujita Katsumasa
Published: December 2022

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been attracting researcher for the capability of detecting and analyzing samples with high sensitivity.
Metamaterial based Optical Complex Field Synthesis
Authors: Kim Youngjae , Park Sungjae , Kim Soobin , Park Jongha , Kim Hwi
Published: December 2022

The holographic display has recently garnered much attention as the next-generation image technology, and the research and development thereof is proceeding. In general, to generate a hologram, a spatial light modulator (SLM) is mainly used for amplitude or phase modulation, and a specific optical system must be additionally applied to eliminate DC or conjugate noise.
Optical Correlator based Image Classifier
Authors: Ikeda Kanami , Watanabe Eriko
Published: December 2022

In data recognition systems with large capacity databases, it is very important to improve the speed of the identification process. Recently, a system with dedicated hardware based on field-programmable gate array was proposed for speeding up this operation [1], and there is a high expectation for further high-speed verification.
Three-dimensional single-shot holographic tomography with diffusion
Authors: Horisaki Ryoichi , Tanida Jun
Published: December 2022

Digital holographic microscopy is a promising imaging technique for visualizing label-free transparent cells [1]. Its drawback is a bulky optics to introduce reference light. We have proposed reference-free holographic imaging with randomly encoded diffraction [2-5]. This approach simplifies the optical hardware in holographic imaging. In this study, we extend the method to a three-dimensional case while keeping its simplicity.
Flat optics with nanophotonic metasurface
Authors: Wu Pin Chieh
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive light manipulation is highly desired in modem optics applications, such as LiDAR, augmented imaging system, and quantum technology. To tailor the light wavefront, the conventional optical components rely on the phase accumulation via the propagation length. It leads to the fact that the conventional optical components are physically bulky, but cannot simultaneously manage electromagnetic waves in different degrees of freedom either. Nanophotonic metasurfaces composed of artificial structures, enabling abrupt changes to the electromagnetic phase as well as amplitude within a subwavelength spatial region. Thus, they are very promising for the development of flat optics systems [1-3]. In this presentation, I will talk about unprecedented schemes with nanophotonic metasurfaces for optical modulation and related applications [4, 5], including broadband achromatic metalens (metasurface lens) for full-color imaging [6, 7] and active control of light properties in demand [8, 9].
Fabrication and characterization of zig-zag chains with photonic topological edges states
Authors: Moritake Yuto , Tanaka Takuo , Notomi Masaya
Published: December 2022

Recently, stimulated by discovery of topological phases of matter, research fields utilizing topological nature of systems has attracted a lot of attention. In photonics, photonic topological insulators mimicking topological insulators in material science have been proposed and demonstrated, leading to emergence of “topological photonics.” Photonic topological insulators were realized by using photonic crystals [1] and metamaterials [2], and exhibit exotic properties such as robustness against disorder and spin-locked non-dissipative propagation, which can be understood by analogies with topological insulators.
Label-free multicolor imaging flow cytometry with stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Ozeki Yasuyuki , Suzuki Yuta , Goda Keisuke
Published: December 2022

By combining the strength of flow cytometry with optical imaging and digital image analysis, imaging flow cytometry is a powerful tool in diverse fields of biology and medicine [1]. However, its applications are constrained by its requirement of fluorescent labeling for phenotyping.
Improvement on finger region extraction for hand-waving finger vein authentication
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Izhraqi Muhammad Arkaan , Nagata Jumpei , Obi Takashi , Komuro Takashi
Published: December 2022

Recently, a walkthrough type vein authentication system has been attracting extensive attention, which is effective for wide-scale events such as big event venue, theme park, and so on. In our previous study, a hand waving finger vein authentication system was proposed, in which a similarity between enroll and verification finger vein patterns was calculated based on Normalized Cross Correlation [1] and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform [2]. These methods perform worse in case that the baekground of the captured frame has significant noises such as the bright light sources. In order to eliminate such noises and extract a finger region correctly, we apply a machine learning method. In this study, we employ U-Net [3] as a machine learning method and evaluate it compared to conventional image processing techniques.
The nondestructive evaluation of penetration of the cosmetic liquid into the pig skin
Authors: Sueda Sota , Kuroda Taihei , Sakai Kenji , Kiwa Toshihiko , Tsukada Keiji
Published: December 2022

In the process of development of cosmetic liquids, it is required to evaluate a penetration depth and speed into the skin. A tape stripping method(1) is conventionally used to evaluate penetration of the cosmetic liquids. However, the tape stripping method requires florescent dyes to measure the penetration depth. Also, the tape stripping method cannot evaluate the penetration speed because it is destructive evaluation method.
Monolayer MoS2 Phototransistors using Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Dielectrics
Authors: Nur Roda , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Takagi Shinichi , Takenaka Mitsuru
Published: December 2022

Atomically thin 2D materials such as MoS2 exhibits interesting optoelectronic properties that have been utilized in applications such as photodetectors, light emitting diodes, and opto-valleytronic devices.
Dynamics of Moiré Exciton in MoSe2-WSe2 Heterstrosucture
Authors: Kim Heejun , Shinokita Keisuke , Zhang Wenjin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Matsuda Kazunari
Published: December 2022

Extensive attention has been paid on moiré superlattice, which is composed of two different atomically thin monolayer 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) semiconducting materials (MX2:M=Mo, W, X=S, Se).
Compact VCSEL beam scanner with large field of view and its 2D scanning function
Authors: Li Ruixiao , Gu Xiaodong , Koyama Fumio
Published: December 2022

A solid-state beam scanning technology has been attracting more attention thanks to its key role in 3D sensing, such as LiDAR for automotive or time-of-flight camera for mobile phones.
Structure, interlayer interactions, thermal conductivity, and light emission in two-dimensional MoSe2 and MoS2 using optical spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Vineeta , Rath Shyama
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have strikingly different properties compared to their bulk counterparts
Field-position dependent apodization in dark-field digital holographic microscopy for semiconductor metrology
Authors: van Gardingen-Cromwijk Tamar , Adhikary Manashee , Messinis Christos , Konijnenberg Sander , Coene Wim , Witte Stefan , de Boer Johannes F. , den Boef Arie
Published: December 2022

Measuring overlay between two layers of semiconductor devices is a crucial step during electronic chip fabrication. We present dark-field digital holographic microscopy that addresses various overlay metrology challenges that are encountered in the semiconductor industry. We present measurement results that show that the point-spread function of our microscope depends on the position in the field-of-view. We will show that this novel observation can be explained by a combination of the finite bandwidth of the light source and a wavelength-dependent focal length of the imaging lens. Moreover, we will also present additional experimental data that supports our theoretical understanding. Finally, we will propose solutions that reduce this effect to acceptable levels.
Underwater polarization imaging for visibility enhancement of moving targets in turbid environments
Authors: Yu Tao , Wang Xiaolei , Xi Sixing , Mu Quanquan , Zhu Zhuqing
Published: December 2022

Polarization imaging techniques have more prominent advantages for imaging in strongly scattered media. Previous de-scattering methods of polarization imaging usually require the priori information of the background region, and rarely consider the effect of non-uniformity of the optical field on image recovery, which not only reduces the processing speed of imaging but also introduces errors in image recovery, especially for moving targets in complex scattering environments. In this paper, we propose a turbid underwater moving image recovery method based on the global estimation of the intensity and the degree of polarization (DOP) of the backscattered light, combined with polarization-relation histogram processing techniques. The full spatial distribution of the intensity and the DOP of the backscattered light are obtained by using frequency domain analysis and filtering. Besides, a threshold factor is set in the frequency domain low-pass filter, which is used to adjust the execution region of the filter, which effectively reduces the error in image recovery caused by estimating the DOP of the backscattered light as a constant in traditional methods with non-uniform illumination. Meanwhile, our method requires no human-computer interaction, which effectively solves the drawbacks that the moving target is difficult to be recovered by traditional methods. Experimental studies were conducted on static and moving targets under turbid water, and satisfactory image recovery quality is achieved.
Bifunctional sensing based on an exceptional point with bilayer metasurfaces
Authors: Li Yicheng , Deng Zhengwei , Qin Chunhua , Wan Shicheng , Lv Bo , Guan Chunying , Yang Jun , Zhang Shuang , Shi Jinhui
Published: December 2022

Exceptional points (EPs), the critical phase transition points of non-Hermitian parity-time (PT) systems, exhibit many novel physical properties and associated applications, such as ultra-sensitive detection of perturbations. Here, a bilayer metasurface with two orthogonally oriented split-ring resonators (SRRs) is proposed and a phase transition of the eigenpolarization states is introduced via changing the conductivity of vanadium dioxide (VO2) patch integrated into the gap of one SRR. The metasurface possesses a passive PT symmetry and an EP in polarization space is observed at a certain conductivity of the VO2. Two sensing schemes with the metasurface are proposed to achieve high-sensitivity sensing of temperature and refractive index in the terahertz (THz) range. The metasurface is promising for applications in THz biosensing and polarization manipulation.
20 dB improvement utilizing custom-designed 3D-printed terahertz horn coupler
Authors: Wang Qigejian , Shah Syed Daniyal Ali , Li Haisu , Kuhlmey Boris , Atakaramians Shaghik
Published: December 2022

Terahertz band is envisaged to provide substantially higher capacity and much lower latency for wireless communications in contrast to microwave frequencies. Moving to higher frequencies comes with its own unique challenges to be addressed, such as poor coupling efficiency from free space into and out of planar air-core waveguides. Here, we propose a framework for rapid design and low-cost fabrication of terahertz horn couplers. The horn couplers are first designed by maximizing the field overlap integral on apex and aperture interfaces, then fabricated exploiting 3D printing technique, and finally sputtered with a thin layer of gold. A 28~μm standard deviation of the surface roughness height of the 3D printed horn couplers is calculated. Experimental demonstrations show that the proposed horn coupler improves the transmittance of a hybrid photonic crystal waveguide by 20 dB in comparison with the previous pinhole-based coupling configuration. This work provides a fast, convenient and economical approach for design and fabrication of customized couplers for any waveguide size, with a cost of only 5% of commercially available counterparts, and could be integrated in 3D-printed terahertz devices during fabrication.
Probing shock-induced structural changes in GaSb
Authors: Bhowmick Mithun , Fryman Jacob , Zhou Xuan , Ramkumar Chari
Published: December 2022

Laser-driven hypervelocity impact experiments were used to study pressure-induced long-term effects on the crystal structure of undoped GaSb. X-ray diffraction and confocal micro-Raman spectra were collected on unshocked and shock-compressed samples, with corresponding pressures ranging between 8 and 23 GPa. GaSb retained bulk crystallinity at 8 GPa but showed localized site disordering, transformed into an amorphous state at 13 GPa, and stayed in that phase until 23 GPa.
Adaptive Bayesian neural networks nonlinear equalizer in a 300-Gbit/s PAM8 transmission for IM/DD OAM mode division multiplexing
Authors: Zhou Sitong , Liu Xinyu , Gao Ran , Jiang Ziyun , Zhang Han , Xin Xiangjun
Published: December 2022

The strong stochastic nonlinear impairment induced by random mode coupling appears to be a long-standing performance-limiting problem in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode division multiplexing (MDM) of intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) transmission systems. In this Letter, we propose a Bayesian neural network (BNN) nonlinear equalizer for an OAM-MDM IM/DD transmission with three modes. Unlike conventional Volterra and convolutional neural network (CNN) equalizers with fixed weight coefficients, the weights and biases of the BNN nonlinear equalizer are regarded as probability distributions, which can accurately match the stochastic nonlinear model of the OAM-MDM. The BNN nonlinear equalizer is capable of adaptively updating its weights and biases sample-by-sample, according to the probability distribution. An experiment was conducted on a 300-Gbit/s PAM8 signal with three modes over a 2.6-km OAM-MDM RCF transmission. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed BNN nonlinear equalizer exhibits promising solutions to effectively mitigate nonlinear distortions, which outperforms conventional Volterra and CNN equalizers with receiver sensitivity improvements of 1.0 dBm and 2.5 dBm, respectively, under hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) thresholds. Moreover, compared with the Volterra and CNN equalizers, the complexity of the OAM-MDM is significantly improved through the BNN nonlinear equalizer. The proposed BNN nonlinear equalizer is a promising candidate for the high capacity inter-data center interconnects.
Photon counting reconstructive spectrometer combining metasurfaces and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Zheng Jingyuan , Xiao You , Hu Mingzhong , Zhao Yuchen , Li Hao , You Lixing , Feng Xue , Liu Fang , Cui Kaiyu , Huang Yidong , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

Faint light spectroscopy has many important applications such as fluorescence spectroscopy, lidar, and astronomical observations. However, the long measurement time limits its application to real-time measurement. In this work, a photon counting reconstructive spectrometer combining metasurfaces and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors is proposed. A prototype device was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate, and its performance was characterized. Experiment results show that this device supports spectral reconstruction of mono-color lights with a resolution of 2 nm in the wavelength region of 1500–1600 nm. Its detection efficiency is 1.4%–3.2% in this wavelength region. The measurement time required by the photon counting reconstructive spectrometer was also investigated experimentally, showing its potential to be applied in scenarios requiring real-time measurement.
Urban spatial form analysis based on the architectural layout -- Taking Zhengzhou City as an example
Authors: Fan Qindong , Mei Xuejian , Zhang Chenming , Wang Hang
Published: December 2022

The analysis of urban spatial form is the basic research of urban development. Traditional fractal research often focuses on the urban spatial layout, which cannot visually express the specific form, change characteristics and development trend of urban architectural spaces.The urban architectural form is simplified and the basic architectural form templates are extracted, and then, the correlations between architecture form and fractal dimension are built. The results of the case study show that the architectural layout of Zhengzhou City exhibits obvious fractal characteristics, and the combination of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional fractal dimensions is helpful for comprehensively revealing the architectural layout information. Moreover, the fractal dimension of buildings shows that the gradient from the inner to outer ring decreases, similar to the ‘annual growth rings’ of trees. Obvious differences exist in the fractal dimensions of urban buildings in different directions, reflecting the urban expansion direction. This study promotes the visualization of fractal theory and the expression of fractal theory in spatial gradient, providing theoretical and data reference for urban spatial form optimization.
Abundance of Phasi-Charoen-like virus in Aedes aegypti mosquito populations in different states of India
Authors: Lole Kavita , Ramdasi Ashwini , Patil Sucheta , Thakar Shivani , Nath Amol , Ghuge Onkar , Gangopadhayya Abhranil , Sudeep Anakkathil B. , Cherian Sarah
Published: December 2022

Mosquitoes are known to harbor a large number of insect specific viruses (ISV) in addition to viruses of public health importance. These ISVs are highly species specific and are non-pathogenic to humans or domestic animals. However, there is a potential threat of these ISVs evolving into human pathogens by genome alterations. Some ISVs are known to modulate replication of pathogenic viruses by altering the susceptibility of vector mosquitoes to pathogenic viruses, thereby either inhibiting or enhancing transmission of the latter. In the present study, we report predominance of Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV, Family: Phenuviridae) contributing to >60% of the total reads in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from Pune district of Maharashtra state using next generation sequencing based metagenomic analysis of viromes. Similar results were also obtained with mosquitoes from Assam, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka states of India. Comparison of Pune mosquito sequences with PCLV Rio (Brazil) isolate showed 98.90%, 99.027% and 98.88% homologies in the S, M and L segments respectively indicating less genetic heterogeneity of PCLV. The study also demonstrated occurrence of transovarial transmission as seen by detection of PCLV in eggs, larvae, pupae and male mosquitoes. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected from Pune also showed a large number of reads for viruses belonging to Baculoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Genomoviridae and Bunyaviridae families. The role of PCLV in the replication of dengue and chikungunya virus is yet not clear. It warrants further studies to know the significance of PCLV and other ISVs on the replication and transmission of Ae. aegypti borne pathogenic viruses, especially in the absence of prophylactics or therapeutics.
The impacts of improvements in the unified economic and environmental efficiency of transportation infrastructure on industrial structure transformation and upgrade from the perspective of resource factors
Authors: Wang Yijiao
Published: December 2022

As an important part of a modern economic system, a modern industrial system is the key to promoting high-quality economic development. China’s modern industrial system construction focuses on industrial restructuring. At present, in order to strengthen the support and leading role of transportation in the modern economic system, China is actively promoting the construction of a competitive transportation power. Therefore, it is necessary to study whether large-scale investment in transportation infrastructure can promote industrial structure transformation and upgrade. This paper takes China as the research background. Firstly, a RAM model was employed to evaluate the unified economic and environmental efficiency of transportation infrastructure that measures the level of transportation infrastructure investment. Secondly, a PVAR model was built to evaluate the dynamic effects of transportation infrastructure investment on industrial structure transformation and upgrade. Finally, from the perspective of rational flow and optimal allocation of resource factors, the paper points out that transportation infrastructure investment can indirectly promote industrial structure transformation and upgrade through three paths, namely expanding market demand, reducing resource misallocation and increasing technological innovation, and the first half of these paths are positively regulated by policies. Then, an empirical test was done with the moderated mediation model. Research findings suggest that: first, improvements in the unified economic and environmental efficiency of transportation infrastructure can only promote industrial structure supererogation in a short time, but have no significant effect on promoting industrial structure rationalization in the short or long term. Second, in actual situation, transportation infrastructure investment can promote industrial structure transformation and upgrade only by expanding market demand and technological innovation, but not by reducing resource misallocation. Third, the first half of these paths through which transportation infrastructure investment promotes industrial structure transformation and upgrade are positively regulated by policies. This paper provided some theoretical reference for promoting industrial structure transformation and upgrade by virtue of the sustainable development of transportation.
The development of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for chronic loneliness in children and young people: Protocol for a single-case experimental design
Authors: Cawthorne Tom , Käll Anton , Bennett Sophie , Andersson Gerhard , Shafran Roz
Published: December 2022

Loneliness is a significant problem for young people and is associated with a range of physical and mental health difficulties. Meta-analyses have identified that interventions aimed at young people who report loneliness as their primary problem are lacking within the literature. In adults, the most effective interventions for loneliness are those which target the underlying maladaptive social cognitions. Therefore, we have developed a modular Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention for children and young people. The aim of this study is to conduct a multiple baseline single-case experimental design (SCED) to assess the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of this intervention. In total 6–8 11–18-year-olds and their families will be recruited. The design consists of AB+ post-intervention, where A is the baseline phase, B is the intervention phase and then a post-intervention phase. Participants will complete a baseline assessment, before being randomised to one of four different baseline lengths (12 days, 19 days, 26 days or 33 days). Participants will then complete an average of 12 sessions of CBT, with the aim being to reduce their feelings of loneliness. Participants will then complete a 12-day post-intervention phase. Participant loneliness will be repeatedly assessed throughout the three phases of the intervention using the Three-item Loneliness Scale, which will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will be reliable and clinically meaningful change on the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Feasibility and participant satisfaction will also be assessed and reported.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov trial registration number: NCT05149963 (Date registered: 07.12.2021). https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05149963?term=cbt&cond=loneliness&draw=2&rank=1.
The corneo-scleral junction assessed with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Muzyka-Woźniak Maria , Oleszko Adam , Stróżecki Łukasz , Woźniak Sławomir
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To evaluate corneo-scleral junction (CSJ) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and describe the pattern of cornea and sclera interfusion based on tissue reflectivity.

Methods

This prospective observational study enrolled candidates for vision correction. Eyes with previous ocular surgery or irregular corneas were excluded. Temporal and nasal CSJ width and reflectivity patterns were assessed with AS-OCT horizontal scans. Correlations between manual and automated variables and multivariate linear regression analyses with age and spherical equivalent were performed.

Results

101 right eyes were analysed. Temporal CSJ was wider (median 1.62; 1.13 to 2.22 mm) compared to the nasal side (median 1.18; 0.73 to 1.80 mm) (p<.0001). The temporal CSJ width showed negative correlation with ipsilateral anterior chamber angle measurements and positive correlation with horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID). These relationships were not statistically significant for the nasal CSJ width. No significant correlations with age or refractive error were observed at both sides. The pattern of temporal CSJ reflectivity was mostly V- or U-shaped. The eyes with V-shaped temporal CSJ had significantly larger HVID than the eyes with irregular temporal CSJ. The nasal CSJ presented irregular reflectivity in 47% of cases.

Conclusions

The temporal CSJ was wider and had regular (V or U-shaped) reflectivity patterns, while nasal CSJ was narrower and more irregular. The CSJ width was independent of age and refractive error and could not be predicted from other parameters. The HVID measurement accuracy may benefit from CSJ analysis based on AS-OCT.
Barbell load distribution and lifting velocity affect bench press exercise volume and perceived exertion
Authors: Ferri Marini Carlo , Shoaei Vahid , Micheli Lorenzo , Francia Piergiorgio , Grossi Tommaso , Maggio Serena , Benelli Piero , Federici Ario , Lucertini Francesco , Zoffoli Luca
Published: December 2022

Objective

The intensity of barbell bench press exercise is generally prescribed as the load to be lifted for a specific number of repetitions; however, other factors (e.g., execution velocity) can affect bench press exercise intensity. Moreover, no study assessed whether load distribution (i.e., the distance between the disc stacks on the two sides of the barbell) affects exercise intensity. The present study aims to assess how different combinations of load, velocity, and barbell load distribution affect the number of repetitions to failure (REPfailure), and rating of perceived exertion (RPEfatigue) and number of repetitions (REPfatigue) at fatigue onset.

Methods

Ten males (age 23.3±1.8 years) performed bench press exercises to exhaustion using random combinations of three loads (50%, 65%, and 80% of 1 repetition maximum), three execution velocities (50%, 70%, and 90% of maximal concentric velocity), and two load distributions (narrow and wide). Three separate three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed to assess the effect of load, velocity, and load distribution on REPfailure, RPEfatigue, and REPfatigue expressed as a percentage of REPfailure.

Results

REPfailure was affected by load (p<0.001), velocity (p<0.001), and distribution (p = 0.005). The interactions between load and velocity (p<0.001) and load and distribution (p = 0.004) showed a significant effect on REPfailure, whereas the interaction between velocity and distribution was not significant (p = 0.360). Overall, more REPfailure were performed using lower loads, higher velocities, and a wider distribution. RPEfatigue and REPfatigue were affected by load (p<0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively) and velocity (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), and not by distribution (p = 0.510 and p = 0.571, respectively) or the two-way interaction effects. Overall, using higher loads yielded higher RPEfatigue but lower REPfatigue, while RPEfatigue and REPfatigue were higher when slower velocities were used.

Conclusion

The current investigation shows that not only load but also velocity and barbell load distribution may influence bench press training volume and perceived exertion.
Attitude and level of COVID-19 vaccination and its determinants among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dagnew Baye Nega , Agegnehu Teshome Assefa , Agimas Ayenew Atalo , Tilahun Mulu Anmut , Chekol Abebe Endeshaw , Tilahun Muche Zelalem
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Coronavirus disease is a fatal viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study was aimed to assess the attitude, level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and its determinants among patients with chronic diseases visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from February 1 to March 30, 2022. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify associations between dependent and independent variables.

Results

Among all participants, only 29.6% of patients were vaccinated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines at least one dose. Age from 31 to 40 years (AOR = 6.26, 95% CI: 2.69–14.56), attended collage and above (AOR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.37, 28.68), positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 9.07, 95% CI: 4.51–18.22), good knowledge (AOR = 7.63, 95% CI: 1.08–16.85), history of COVID-19 (AOR = 4.33, 95% CI: 1.85–10.17), family history of COVID-19 (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.89–8.48), ever been tested for COVID-19 (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.74) were determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with chronic disease was very low. The main reasons for not being vaccinated were doubts about vaccine efficacy, the vaccine may cause disease by itself, and fear of adverse effects. Therefore, different stakeholders should enforce vaccine uptake and awareness creation.
Is fashion stupid? Ironic representations of fashion in popular Hollywood films
Authors: Stankevičiūtė Kristina , Kääpä Pietari
Published: December 2022

Popular culture, especially cinema, tends to view the world of fashion from a distance, often in admiration but mixed with feelings of incomprehension, perplexion and even derision. The current article will analyse the films Pret-à-Porter (), Zoolander () and The Devil Wears Prada () as expressions of general approaches to the fashion industry in the comedy film genre. As high profile films, they embody a pattern of representation endemic to film comedy at the turn of the 1990s and 2000s and emphasize a frivolous, ironic attitude to the superficial and exploitative nature of the fashion industry, reflecting a wider sense of postmodernist cultural critique in American cinema of the shallowness of commercialism and pop culture (while, ironically, being part of precisely the same system as the target of its critique). By conducting narrative analysis of these films, we will show how they use stereotyping as a mechanism to satirize the fashion industry, creating superficial flashes of ridiculous behaviour and excessiveness, while they reinforce these approaches themselves through the use of genre and aesthetic conventions. In doing so, the films highlight the idea that fashion, as a form of popular culture, functions as an exemplary locus of cultural critique to satirize hyper-consumption and hyper-commercialism. As these films evoke wider questions about the concept of irony within and towards fashion, the chapter is a part of a larger project on the theme of fashion irony that aims at defining it as a field of academic study.
[A1+] em Português: manual de português língua não materna
Authors: Ferreira Carla , Carapinha Conceição , Loureiro Ana Paula , Martins Cristina , Pereira Isabel , Chapouto Sandra
Published: December 2022

Em Português (A1+) é um manual de português para alunos estrangeiros que tem como destinatário preferencial o aprendente universitário adulto. Contudo, este não é o único destinatário do manual, que pode revelar-se útil para aprendentes com outros perfis, interessados na aprendizagem do português como língua estrangeira ou língua segunda.
Tendo como objetivo dotar o aluno do nível inicial de aprendizagem do português de uma competência não apenas linguística, mas também comunicativa, tendo, aliás, como esteio o Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas, todas as atividades e todos os textos foram criados com a intenção de refletir os usos efetivos do português europeu contemporâneo e de, simultaneamente, simular as mais diversas situações de uso do português no quotidiano. Nesse sentido, o manual fornece inúmeras informações relativas a marcas oralizantes específicas do português e em nenhum momento se evitaram palavras ou expressões mais informais ou familiares. Pretende-se, deste modo, que o aluno contacte, desde os níveis iniciais, com o português que os portugueses efetivamente usam e se torne sensível às necessidades de adequação contextual.
Prevalence of Congenital Heart Defects among Neonates in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Amaewhule O , Otaigbe BE , Opara PI
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart and intra-thoracic great vessels that are present at birth and may be of functional significance. They are the most frequently occurring congenital anomalies and babies born with severe forms of these defects are likely to die in the neonatal period.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CHDs among neonates delivered in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Methods
Using a stratified sampling technique, 530 neonates were selected from three hospitals in Port Harcourt. The biodata of the parents and socio-demographic information were obtained through an interviewer-administered questionnaire to the mothers. Physical examination and echocardiograghy were performed on all the neonates.

Results
Five hundred and thirty (530) neonates aged 0-7days (5.2±1.8) participated in this study and the male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Forty-three neonates were found to have CHD giving a prevalence of 8.1% 95%CI: 6.0. Thirty-nine were acyanotic and four cyanotic. Congenital Heart Defects were found in 21 (48.8%) males and 22 (51.2%) females. The more common heart defects were isolated Atrial Septal Defect in 16(37.2%), isolated Patent Ductus Arteriosus in 11(25.6%) and isolated Ventricular Septal Defect in 6 (13.9%). The most common cyanotic CHD was Transposition of the Great Arteries in 2 neonates (4.7%). The clinical features identified in neonates with CHD were tachypnoea, dysmorphia, cyanosis, hypoxia and murmur
Lennert Lymphoma (lymphoepithelioid lymphoma) with Extensive Necrosis: A Case Report
Authors: Pow-Anpongkul Pete , Qing Xin , Yue Changjun , Cai Jennifer , Jiajie G. Lu
Published: December 2022

Lennert lymphoma (lymphoepitheloid lymphoma) is an extremely rare variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Here we report a case of Lennert lymphoma diagnosed in a 57-year-old woman. She had a three-year history of waxing and waning lymphadenopathy with a rapid increase in size in the past four months before presentation. A needle biopsy and a fine needle aspiration were non-diagnostic due to extensive necrosis. The patient underwent a right neck lymph node excisional biopsy which showed the lymph node architecture was effaced by numerous and sometimes confluent clusters of epithelioid histiocytes and infiltration of small lymphocytes. Extensive necrosis was present. Immunohistochemical stains revealed a mixed population of B- and T-cells with the T-cells showing diminished T-cell markers CD3, CD5, and CD7. Flow cytometric analysis detected a small population (7% of total lymphocytes) of CD4-positive T-lymphocytes with loss of CD3, CD5, and CD7 expressions. PCR-based T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies showed positive results (clonal peaks) in both gamma and beta genes. Stains for microorganisms were negative. The overall findings indicate Lennert lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Lennert lymphoma with extensive necrosis. The patient is undergoing chemotherapy. The diagnosis of Lennert lymphoma can be challenging, particularly in cases with extensive necrosis. Our case highlights that adequate sampling is important in the investigation of patients with suspected Lennert lymphoma. A careful pathologic examination with ancillary studies including flow cytometry, immunohistochmistry, and cytogenetic and molecular studies leads to the accurate diagnosis.