bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF INTRALESIONAL MITOMYCIN-C AFTER OPTICAL INTERNAL URETHROTOMY IN REDUCING RECURRENCE OF ANTERIOR URETHRAL STRICTURES
Authors: Khan Umair , Jawad Ahmad  , Owais Mureed  , Muhammad Bilal  , Farzana Khan  , Abid Hafiz Muhammad Usman
Published: February 2025

Background: Urethral stricture is a common urological condition characterized by fibrosis and narrowing of the anterior urethra, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms and a significant impact on quality of life. Optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) is a minimally invasive procedure frequently used for treatment; however, high recurrence rates remain a major challenge. Adjunctive therapies, such as intralesional mitomycin-C, have shown promise in reducing fibrosis and improving surgical outcomes. This study evaluates the efficacy of intralesional mitomycin-C in preventing recurrence after OIU.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intralesional mitomycin-C in reducing the recurrence of anterior urethral strictures following OIU.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Urology Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, enrolling 100 patients aged 20–70 years with anterior urethral strictures. Patients with neurogenic bladder, fully obliterated strictures, untreated urinary tract infections, prior urethroplasty or OIU, or immunosuppressive medication use were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Group A underwent OIU followed by a submucosal injection of 0.1 mg mitomycin-C (diluted in 2 cc distilled water) at the urethrotomy site, while Group B underwent OIU alone. A 16 Fr Foley catheter was inserted in both groups for three days postoperatively. Follow-up visits occurred biweekly for three months, and efficacy was assessed based on recurrence-free status. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 25.0, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant.
Results: The mean age of participants was 44.21 ± 7.88 years, with similar distributions in Group A (44.24 ± 7.92 years) and Group B (44.22 ± 7.44 years). The majority of patients (53.1%) were aged 20–45 years. The mean stricture length was 29.42 ± 2.93 mm, and the average duration was 4.32 ± 1.57 months in both groups. Efficacy was significantly higher in Group A (34 patients, 68.0%) compared to Group B (17 patients, 34.0%) (p = 0.0007). Stratified analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in recurrence among patients with non-traumatic strictures (p = 0.005), rural residence (p = 0.042), and penile strictures (p = 0.021).
Conclusion: Intralesional mitomycin-C significantly reduces the recurrence of anterior urethral strictures following OIU by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and minimizing scar formation. Its routine use in clinical practice may improve long-term success rates and reduce the need for repeated interventions. Further studies with extended follow-up periods are recommended to establish its long-term efficacy.
There's a Special Kind of Monster that is a Woman': Locating Female Subjectivity in the Narrative of the Monstrous Murderess in Netflix's Alias Grace
Authors: Pinto Nikita Gloria
Published: February 2025

"In a 2018 interview with the Irish Independent, Amanda Knox, the infamous and wrongfully convicted killer in the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher, commented on her gendered vilification by the public, “All wrongfully convicted people are portrayed as monsters but there’s a special kind of monster that is a woman.” This tendency to depict criminal women as monsters invoking the abject (Kristeva) in public discourse is not a new phenomenon but is, as shall be seen in the course of this paper, reiterated throughout the history of womanhood.
Without taking their innocence or guilt into consideration, it is important to note that the portrayal of these criminal women, according to Belinda Morrissey in When Women Kill, influence the “cultural conceptions of the feminine and female agency.” When women are accused and even convicted of “inhuman acts,” representations of these cases by hegemonic discourses of the media and law have a “vital role in maintaining notions of feminine evil” pertinent to the whole of womankind (7). In the examination of the representation of such transgressive women, it is evident that Victorian notions of violence, sexuality, and criminality persist even today."
The Beast of History: Human to Animal and Animal to Human Transformations in Polish Horror Films
Authors: Jezyk Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

This essay presents a comparative analyses of four Polish horror films—two from the communist period: Lokis: A Manuscript of Professor Wittembach (1970) by Janusz Majewski, and Marek Piestrak’s The Return of the She-wolf (1990), and two recent works: The Lure (2015) by Agnieszka Smoczyńska and Werewolf (2018) by Adrian Panek. In the context of the marginal popularity of the horror genre in Poland, the essay finds their focus on human to animal or animal to human metamorphosis intriguing, and studies it as a symptom of repressed national fears. It argues that what is subjugated in particular through this type of narratives is the anxiety of political, ideological, and social change. In this interpretation of the seemingly non-historical films, the essay will demonstrate that these surprisingly common depictions of transformations of subjectivity serve as vessels that expose the problematic approach of collective Polish consciousness to history. Some of the theoretical concepts used in the essay are Deleuze’s and Guattari’s concept of becoming as well as their demonic animal, Jacques Derrida’s, Alexandre Kojève’s, and Georgio Agamben’s insights on human and non-human subjects and language, Freud’s uncanny, and Žižek’s interpretation of the Radical Evil in the context of Holocaust.
Image, Language, and Subjectivity in Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape
Authors: Ahuja Ananta
Published: February 2025

“Let’s just say you’re not quite there” (qtd. in Samantha Ellis’ Beckett’s Play at the Old Vic, April 7, 1964), the Beckettian subject is often read along the lines of this response offered by the playwright to one of his famous actresses, Billy Whitelaw, on her enquiry about the relative nature of her character in Footfalls. Coming across as a hypothesis on the metaphysics of existence, the statement indicates towards a probable mode of being. It foregrounds a possibility in light of which a person can be said to be existing. While the remark can be thought of as negating presence to suggest an absence, it can also be read as one pointing at a lack that prevents a certain ‘fullness’ of the presence. Thereby, allowing for an investigation into the manner and the nature of existence.
The Concept of Honest Medicine™ as Portrayed by The Independent Medical Alliance
Authors: Varon Joseph , Bumann Kelly
Published: February 2025

The Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, now the Independent Medical Alliance (IMA),
emerged as a significant force in the medical community, advocating for what it terms "Honest Medicine™." This concept underscores the necessity for transparency, integrity, and patient-centric approaches in medical practice, particularly in times of global health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. As the medical landscape continues to evolve, the principles espoused by the IMA provide a blueprint for fostering trust, efficacy, and ethical responsibility in healthcare. This editorial delves into the core tenets of Honest Medicine as championed by the IMA, examining its impact on patient care, the medical community, and the future of healthcare.
Amlexanox: A Promising Alternative to Steroid and Antihistamine Dependence in Patients with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, Allergies, Asthma, and Autoimmunity - A Case Report Collection
Authors: Saleeby Yusuf , Gregory Bryana
Published: February 2025

This article explores under-recognized applications of amlexanox, a compound showing promise for patients with chronic inflammatory conditions, including mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), asthma, and autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Increasing numbers of patients present with symptoms of mast cell overactivity, chronic inflammatory conditions, and dependence on anti-inflammatory medications and steroids to control their pain and inflammation. To address these challenges and reduce polypharmacy, we present 3 case studies exploring the integration of amlexanox in patient treatment regimens. Pa-tient data were obtained from medical records of prescribing physicians and dispensing pharmacies. We discuss amlexanox's pharmacology, availability, dosing, and self-reported patient outcomes, including enhanced symptom management and reduced corticosteroid reliance. Amlexanox is a compound deserving of greater attention and formal research for its potential applications in patients diagnosed with conditions such as MCAS, cancer, erectile dysfunction, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, asthma, atopic dermatitis, lupus, long COVID and more.
Freedom Counsel Corner Liberty's Crucible: Constitutional Rights in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Medenhall Warner
Published: February 2025

This essay examines how COVID-19 era policies are a critical testing ground for constitutional rights and liberties in the United States. It discusses how federal funding mechanisms were used to implement mandates across various sectors of society, bypassing traditional constitutional constraints. The essay highlights the emergence of significant civil and legal resistance, noting the filing of thousands of federal cases and state cases challenging these policies. One focus is the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act's liability shield, which created substantial barriers to legal remedy for those claiming injuries from COVID-19 counter-measures. It outlines Freedom Counsel's role in supporting strategic litigation across multiple areas of healthcare rights, including medical privacy, physician autonomy, and patient rights. The essay addresses efforts to pursue judicial and legislative remedies to address PREP Act immunity provisions. It concludes that an emerging civil rights movement is dedicated to restoring traditional constitutional limitations on government authority. This movement is led by individuals who experienced significant personal losses. The essay emphasizes the ongoing importance of constitutional vigilance in preserving essential liberties, despite changing political administrations.
Who Would Care about the Science? Critique of the Paper by Gündemir et al. (2023), with Comments on Peer Review Responsibility
Authors: Borczyk Bartosz
Published: February 2025

This article presents critique of the most important errors and flaws of the recently published article by Gündemir et al. entitled “Shape differences of the Carina sterni in birds of various locomotion types”. Numerous problems arise, including study design, statistical approach, interpretation of the results and others. It also raises the question on the responsibility of editors, reviewers and erosion of ethos of science.
New Records and an Updated Checklist of the Family Lonchaeidae (Diptera) from Bulgaria
Authors: MacGowan Iain , Barták Miroslav , Kubík Štěpán
Published: February 2025

An updated checklist of the family Lonchaeidae of Bulgaria is provided. Nine new species are added to the fauna, with one species previously listed requiring confirmation. The fauna now numbers 14 species in five genera.
Assessment of the Lake Kartal (Danube Delta, Ukraine) Fish Assemblage Using Invasive and Non-invasive Methods
Authors: Kvach Yuriy , Bushuiev Sergii , Demchenko Viktor , Demchenko Natalia , Nesterenko Mykhailo , Dyakov Oleh
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to describe the fish assemblage of Lake Kartal, a Natural Protected Area in the Ukrainian Danube delta, using both invasive (multimesh gillnets) and non-invasive (eDNA metabarcoding) methods. This is the first ichthyological investigation in Ukraine to use non-invasive eDNA analysis. Gillnet sampling took place at four localities between March and August in 2019 to 2021, while water was sampled for eDNA at 15 localities in October2022 and May 2023, the samples being preserved and sent to a laboratory for further analysis. Twenty-nine fish species were registered using gillnet sampling, and twenty-eight fish taxa and two species complexes using eDNA. While eDNA confirmed four taxa absent in gillnet samples, 13 species recorded using gillnets were not detected using eDNA. Seven taxa (21% of total fish fauna) were non-indigenous, which could prove critical for the Natural Protected Area. Although species composition determined by the two methods was relatively similar, use of eDNA made it possible to estimate species composition and relative frequency with higher accuracy. Parallel studies using eDNA and standard fishing tools could help identify a greater number of species; however, such studies would be complicated, especially in lakes overgrown with macrophytes or in Natural Protected Areas.
Quaternary Records of Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae) and Falcons (Falconiformes: Falconidae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Boev N. Zlatozar
Published: February 2025

In the Quaternary of Bulgaria, 15 species of accipitrid eagles and falcons have been found at a total of 40 localities. They make up 83.3 % of the composition of the modern fauna of the two groups in the country. Three species (two species of eagles and one falcon) are extinct (fossil), meaning that one fifth of their Quaternary fauna is gone today. The most widespread in the past were the golden eagle and the common kestrel. The most diverse species composition (6 species) was found in the Neolithic-Chalcolithic site near Durankulak (Bulgarian Black Sea coast). In Bulgaria, accipitrid eagles and falcons are found most often in sites between 100 and 400 m above sea level.
Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark, 1819 (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) Shell Damage Caused by the Invasive Polydora websteri Hartman, 1943 (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in the Gulf of Odesa, Black Sea, Ukraine
Authors: Stadnichenko Svitlana , Bondarenko Olena , Kurakin P. Aleksandr , Kvach Yuriy
Published: February 2025

The oyster mudworm Polydora websteri is an Asian polydorid polychaete that has become invasive in different parts of Europe. Here, we provide the first report of the species parasitising Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Gulf of Odesa, Black Sea, Ukraine. The P. websteri are identical in morphology to worms from the Romanian Black Sea coast and also match the original description of the species. High prevalence parameters indicate a high level of infestation in bottom-dwelling molluscs and suggests the species has spread throughout the North-Western Black Sea M. galloprovincialis population. The data suggest that the polychaetes prefer larger M. galloprovincialis (70−80 mm) with more convex and rounded valves.
Efektivitas Media Pecahan dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Semangat Belajar Siswa Kelas 4 SD
Authors: Afifah Dhea , Elnafisah Dea , Komalasari Anita , Nisah Nadiatun , Khatimah Husnul
Published: February 2025

Matematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang berperan penting dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir logis dan analitis siswa. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam pembelajaran Matematika di sekolah dasar adalah rendahnya motivasi dan semangat belajar siswa, terutama dalam memahami konsep pecahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan media pecahan dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan semangat belajar siswa kelas 4 di SDN 46 Lela, Kota Bima. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, angket, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 93% siswa mengalami peningkatan motivasi belajar, 89% menunjukkan semangat belajar yang lebih tinggi, dan 86% lebih aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Media pecahan terbukti memberikan pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif dan membantu siswa memahami konsep secara lebih konkret. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media konkret dalam pembelajaran Matematika dapat menjadi strategi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran.
Efektivitas Media Pantik dalam Meningkatkan Hasil BelajarMatematika Siswa Kelas 6 SD
Authors: Yanti Sri , Nurfaria Irna , Raihan Revi , Sakina Nur , Khatitimah Husnul
Published: February 2025

Banyak peserta didik mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep matematika, yang berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar. Salah satu penyebab utama adalah penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang monoton serta minimnya pemanfaatan media inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik melalui implementasi Media PANTIK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan subjek 20 siswa kelas VI di SDN 61 Karara Kota Bima. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Media PANTIK meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi belajar siswa. Rata-rata nilai siswa meningkat dari 65,5 pada siklus I menjadi 82,3 pada siklus II, dengan persentase ketuntasan belajar meningkat dari 60% menjadi 90%. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan Media PANTIK tidak hanya membuat pembelajaran lebih menarik dan interaktif tetapi juga berdampak signifikan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya inovasi dalam media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran matematika di tingkat sekolah dasar.
Análisis y propuesta de valorización del Molí de la Sal o del Salt en la Huerta de Burjassot (Valencia)
Authors: Bou Marín José Jerónimo , Mayordomo Maya Sandra
Published: February 2025

El Molí de la Sal es un molino hidráulico de rueda horizontal situado en el sistema de regadío histórico de la acequia de Tormos, una de las siete acequias del Tribunal de las Aguas de la Vega de Valencia. Está ubicado en la Huerta de Burjassot, integrada en un área de especial protección por sus extraordinarios valores agropecuarios y paisajísticos. El bien patrimonial es testimonio de la historia agrícola de la localidad y está declarado Bien de Relevancia Local, lo que constata su elevado valor cultural. Sin embargo, el elemento se encuentra actualmente en un avanzado estado de abandono. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las características y contexto del Molí de la Sal y desarrollar una estrategia para su puesta en valor, centrada en su museización. Para ello se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, labores de trabajo de campo, así como procesos de participación con los principales agentes territoriales. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que, aunque el molino presenta un deficiente estado de conservación, sus significativos valores patrimoniales confirman la necesidad de su restitución y puesta en valor. El plan de acción propuesto incluye la excavación arqueológica del elemento, así como la rehabilitación del edificio y las construcciones anexas. Se ha desarrollado una estrategia de museización, mediante la creación de exposiciones que integran la maquinaria histórica y otros elementos, junto con la exhibición de tres colecciones temáticas relacionadas con la etnografía. La planificación propuesta ha permitido la formulación de un proyecto con un elevado grado de aplicabilidad, destinado a la valorización del Molí de la Sal y de su paisaje del agua asociado.
ЗАБОРАВЉЕНО СЈЕЋАЊЕ МИЛОША САМАРЏИЈЕ
Authors: Бранковић Бошко М. , Мицић Милан
Published: February 2025

Аутори, кроз кратки текст, презентују сјећање Милоша Са- марџије на његов ратни и животни пут, од мобилизације у аустроугарску војску у Првом свјетском рату 1917. године, преко заробљавања и ступања у Прву српску добровољачку дивизију крајем 1917. године и преласка у Радничку сељачку црвену армију почетком 1918. године, и на крају поврат- ка у родну Буковачу поред Босанског Петровца крајем 1921. године. На основу сјећања, које је Милош Самарџија забиљежио средином педесе- тих година прошлог вијека, на свега двије странице, а које до данас није угледало свјетлост дана, аутори су отргли од заборава још једно сјећање учесника Првог свјетског рата и Октобарске револуције у Русији.
CZECHOSLAVAK CAPITAL IN INTERWAR YUGOSLAVIA: ECONIMIC INFLUENCE AND INVESTMENTS
Authors: Balaban Milan
Published: February 2025

This article examines the role and significance of Czechoslovak investments in Yugoslavia during the interwar period. Drawing upon published literature and archival sources, the study analyzes the extent of Czechoslovak capital involvement in various sectors of the Yugoslav economy, including banking, industry, and tourism. It investigates Czechoslovak investments’ motivations, geographical distribution, and socio-economic implications for Yugoslavia. The findings reveal that Czechoslovak investments constituted a substantial portion of foreign capital in Yugoslavia, contributing to industrial development, job creation, and modernization. However, they also highlight the complex dynamics of economic integration and foreign influence in interwar Yugoslavia, shedding light on the nuanced relationship between Czechoslovak investors and the Yugoslav economy.
ПРОМАШЕНА ИСТОРИЈА БОСНЕ (И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ) ОБЈАВЉЕНА У КЕМБРИЏУ И ЊЕНЕ РЕЦЕНЗИЈЕ
Authors: Васић Драгиша Д.
Published: February 2025

Предмет критичке анализе је књига A Concise History of Bosnia (Сажета историја Босне) британске историчарке Кети Кармајкл. Из- двојене су очигледне, бројне, разноврсне и крупне грешке. Уочена је глав- на теза књиге о „босанској цивилизацији“ у име које су у историји Босне (и Херцеговине) маргинализовани и дехуманизовани Срби и, у мањој мјери, Хрвати. Tа теза припада оријенталистичком и/или балканистичком дис- курсу који је у континуитету развијан од XIX вијека, а нарочито у вријеме пропасти Југославије и у постјугословенском периоду. Анализиране су и рецензије књиге, које су ријетке, имајући у виду углед издавача (Кембриџ јуниверсити прес), и углавном негативне.
ДОДАТНО УЧВРШЋЕН ТЕМЕЉ ЗА ИСТРАЖИВАЊЕ ИСТОРИЈЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ II
Authors: Раилић Остоја
Published: February 2025

Републички центар за истраживање рата, ратних злочина и тражење несталих лица (РЦИРЗ) 2022. године објавио је први том Атласа злочина над Србима током Одбрамбено-отаџбинског рата. Први том започетог пројекта обухвата 1992. годину. У њему је, послије уводног дијела, обрађе- но 76 стратишта на којима су страдали Срби од 26. марта до 23. децембра 1992. године. На тим стратиштима животе је изгубило укупно 1.985 срп- ских жртава. Подвучено је да ово дјело није Попис жртава који је већ об- јављен 2019. године као посебна публикација.
Dampak Stress Kerja Tenaga Pelayanan Sosial Terhadap Pelayanan bagi Warga Binaan Sosial (Studi kasus pada PSAA Putra Utama 3 Tebet Jakarta)
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia, Fitriyah Fitriyah , Febriana Agata Terra ,   Departemen Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Social service workers have an important role in the process of the delivery of services to the children who lived in social institutions. However, an excessive workload implicates work stress which causes an impact on service delivery. This study aims to describe the stress faced by social service workers concurrently with social workers and the impact on services at PSAA Putra Utama 3 Tebet. This study used qualitative descriptive research from October 2019 until January 2020. The data is being collected using in-depth interviews and observations method. The subject of this research is social service officers, WBS, and the leader of PSAA. Thus, the results showed that social service workers concurrently with social workers lead to stress due to the heavy workload. This caused the services where the workers are being less friendly to colleagues and WBS. They were also unable to establish intense communication with parents/guardians. Often, the workers postpone the assessment process and the report making for the WBS development, In addition, sometimes the workers are being passive towards the problems faced by WBS.
Specific presynaptic functions require distinct Drosophila Cav2 splice isoforms
Authors: Bell Christopher , Kilo Lukas , Gottschalk Daniel , Arian Jashar , Deneke Lea , Kern Hanna , Rickert Christof , Kobler Oliver , Strauß Julia , Heine Martin , Duch Carsten , Ryglewski Stefanie
Published: February 2025

At many vertebrate synapses, presynaptic functions are tuned by expression of different Cav2 channels. Most invertebrate genomes contain only one Cav2 gene. The Drosophila Cav2 homolog, cacophony (cac), induces synaptic vesicle release at presynaptic active zones (AZs). We hypothesize that Drosophila cac functional diversity is enhanced by two mutually exclusive exon pairs that are not conserved in vertebrates, one in the voltage sensor and one in the loop binding Caβ and Gβγ subunits. We find that alternative splicing in the voltage sensor affects channel activation voltage. Only the isoform with the higher activation voltage localizes to AZs at the glutamatergic Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction and is imperative for normal synapse function. By contrast, alternative splicing at the other alternative exon pair tunes multiple aspects of presynaptic function. While expression of one exon yields normal transmission, expression of the other reduces channel number in the AZ and thus release probability. This also abolishes presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. Moreover, reduced channel number affects short-term plasticity, which is rescued by increasing the external calcium concentration to match release probability to control. In sum, in Drosophila alternative splicing provides a mechanism to regulate different aspects of presynaptic functions with only one Cav2 gene.
Novel and optimized mouse behavior enabled by fully autonomous HABITS: Home-cage Assisted Behavioral Innovation and Testing System
Authors: Yu Bowen , Li Penghai , Xu Haoze , Wang Yueming , Xu Kedi , Hao Yaoyao
Published: February 2025

Mice are among the most prevalent animal models used in neuroscience, benefiting from the extensive physiological, imaging and genetic tools available to study their brain. However, the development of novel and optimized behavioral paradigms for mice has been laborious and inconsistent, impeding the investigation of complex cognitions. Here, we present a home-cage assisted mouse behavioral innovation and testing system (HABITS), enabling free-moving mice to learn challenging cognitive behaviors in their home-cage without any human involvement. Supported by the general programming framework, we have not only replicated established paradigms in current neuroscience research but also developed novel paradigms previously unexplored in mice, resulting in more than 300 mice demonstrated in various cognition functions. Most significantly, HABITS incorporates a machine-teaching algorithm, which comprehensively optimized the presentation of stimuli and modalities for trials, leading to more efficient training and higher-quality behavioral outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first instance where mouse behavior has been systematically optimized by an algorithmic approach. Altogether, our results open a new avenue for mouse behavioral innovation and optimization, which directly facilitates investigation of neural circuits for novel cognitions with mice.
Late killing of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites in the liver by an anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody
Authors: Aguirre-Botero Manuela C , Pacios Olga , Celli Susanna , Aliprandini Eduardo , Gladston Anisha , Thiberge Jean-Michel , Formaglio Pauline , Amino Rogerio
Published: February 2025

Plasmodium sporozoites are inoculated into the skin during the bite of an infected mosquito. This motile stage invades cutaneous blood vessels to reach the liver and infect hepatocytes. The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) on the sporozoite surface is an important antigen targeted by protective antibodies (Abs) in immunoprophylaxis or elicited by vaccination. Antibody-mediated protection mainly unfolds during parasite skin migration, but rare and potent protective Abs additionally neutralize sporozoite in the liver. Here, using a rodent malaria model, microscopy and bioluminescence imaging, we show a late-neutralizing effect of 3D11 anti-CSP monoclonal antibody (mAb) in the liver. The need for several hours to eliminate parasites in the liver was associated with an accumulation of 3D11 effects, starting with the inhibition of sporozoite motility, sinusoidal extravasation, cell invasion, and terminating with the parasite killing inside the invaded cell. This late-neutralizing activity could be helpful to identify more potent therapeutic mAbs with stronger activity in the liver.
Management of Fournier’s Gangrene by Indigenous Ayurveda: A Case Report
Authors: Nakum Mansi , Dasar Devyani , Singh Naveen , Modi Dhruv , Shinde Krishna
Published: February 2025

Fournier’s gangrene is a severe necrotising fasciitis affecting the perianal, genital and perineal regions. This rapidly progressing and potentially fatal condition involves a polymicrobial infection, causing extensive tissue necrosis. Predominantly affecting middle-aged to older adults, Fournier’s gangrene presents with acute pain, swelling and redness, often accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever and tachycardia. Other risk factors include immunosuppression, chronic alcohol consumption, peripheral vascular disease, and cancer, although cases without known risk factors also occur. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and confirmed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which reveal soft-tissue gas or fluid collections. Laboratory tests, including blood cultures and inflammatory markers, are crucial for assessing severity and guiding treatment. Immediate and aggressive management is essential, typically involving surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and sometimes reconstructive surgery. Intensive supportive care is often required due to the rapid progression and risk of septic shock. In Ayurveda, Fournier’s gangrene may be related to a condition called Kotha described in ancient texts, with treatment involving surgical excision (Chedana karma), wound care (Shodhana karma), and healing promotion (Ropana karma). A case report of a 68-year-old male patient highlighted the successful integration of Ayurvedic principles and modern medical interventions, resulting in complete recovery without complications. The patient’s treatment included surgical debridement, the use of Ayurvedic medications for wound cleansing and healing, and antibiotics. Regular follow-up and careful wound management were crucial in achieving full recovery, demonstrating the potential efficacy of combining traditional and contemporary medical approaches in managing Fournier’s gangrene.
Balloons in the sunny midnight
Authors: Vdovin Vyacheslav
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of scientific research carried out with the help of balloons and, first of all, in the direction of mastering the terahertz frequency range of electromagnetic waves - a unique window for exploring the Universe and the telecommunications range of tomorrow. The research was carried out as part of a series of expeditions to Svalbard, where, along with the launch of the observatory in a balloon, studies of the microwave astroclimate lasting over one year were carried out.
РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННАЯ ЭНЕРГОГЕНЕРАЦИЯ -ИММАНЕНТНЫЙ СТАБИЛИЗАТОР СОЦИУМА
Authors: Shapovalov Alexander B.
Published: February 2025

Исходя из аксиоматики энергии, рассмотрена реакция социума на антропогенный волюнтаризм в энергогенерации. Выявлена реакция социума как биосистемы на антропогенные ограничения потребления энергии. Рассмотрена ответная реакция социума самоорганизацией распределённой системы энергогенерации. Установлено, что основа системы распределённой энергогенерации определяется энергопотенциалом как отходов индивида, так и любых углеродосодержащих энергоносителей и природных факторов. Констатируется, что возникающая отрицательная обратная связь между энергогенерацией и отходами индивида обеспечивает его устойчивость как саморегулируемой ячейки социума. Зафиксировано, что система распределённой энергогенерации снимает антропогенные ограничения энергопотребления индивида и соответственно развития социума. Отмечено, что распределённая энергогенерация изменяет правовое регулирование социума, снижая международный конфликтный потенциал, и открывает путь перехода биосферы в ноосферу.
Экологическая безопасность и динамика рынка энергоресурсов в ХХI веке
Authors: Myasnikov Yury
Published: February 2025

Глобальное потепление и истощение запасов углеводородного энергоносителя заставляют изменить парадигму производства и потребления энергии. В этой связи возникает вопрос, - имеется ли среди предлагаемых так называемых возобновляемых источников энергии какое-либо единое решение, которое исключило бы атомную энергию? Автор даёт отрицательный ответ.
On the possibility of increasing the mechanical strength of niobate ferropiezoceramic materials for the development of microwave devices
Authors: Rayevsky Igor
Published: February 2025

The article considers the conditions for the formation of one of the most important characteristics of mechanical properties - the strength of niobate ferroelectric piezoceramics intended for use in microwave technology. It is shown that by varying the qualitative and quantitative composition of the filling used in the hot pressing method, it is possible to increase the mechanical strength of sintered materials, while reducing their firing temperature and maintaining the level of dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The backfill used is based on aluminum oxide, which is chemically inert to the press-mold material and has a higher sintering temperature compared to the samples of ferroelectric piezoceramic materials, helping to maintain their stoichiometry. Additives to Al2O3 include carbonates of alkaline earth metals (barium, calcium, strontium), introduced into Al2O3 in quantities of 5-30 mass %. The analysis was carried out on the lead-free environmentally friendly functional material PKR35, developed on the basis of the binary system of sodium-lithium niobates and possessing low dielectric constant, sufficiently high piezoelectric coefficients and sound speed, which makes it promising for applications in microwave technology. It has been shown that the use of aluminum oxide backfill with alkaline earth metal carbonates introduced into it in an amount of 25-30 mass % in the hot pressing process leads to an increase in mechanical strength, while the sintering temperature of the manufactured material decreases (depending on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the backfill) at the same time maintaining low values of relative permittivity and high values of the speed of sound. A scientific interpretation is given of the processes occurring during the production of such materials in the proposed backfills. A conclusion is made on the advisability of taking into account the results obtained in the work when developing similar materials and devices based on them.
Dynamics of ecological niches of species of the estuary-island avifaunal complex in the plain Crimea
Authors: Kostin Sergey
Published: February 2025

As a result of the analysis of the composition and abundance of colonial species Larus cachinnans, L. ichthyaetus, L. melanocephalus, L. genei, Gelochelidon nilotica, Hydroprogne caspia, Thalasseus sandvicensis, Sterna albifrons, S. hirundo, Phalacrocorax carbo and Pelecanus onocrotalus, included in the estuary-island faunal grouping in the Plain Crimea, the features of their distribution on gradients of factors-conditions and factors-resources are determined. The dynamics of their ecological niches have been revealed depending on the state of nesting and feeding biotopes, competitive relations depending on the influence of different types of anthropogenic impact. In the 19th century the composition and productivity of food resources in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems met the requirements of most species. With the optimal state of resource factors, there is practically no competition between species. In the second half of t the 20th and early 21st century dynamics of composition, abundance and distribution of species, as well as the volume of their ecological niches were largely determined by changes in the hydrological regime, the composition and productivity of the food resource, and the state of the vegetation cover. Nesting on relatively small islands of a large number of species with high abundance determines to the aggravation of competitive relations between species, since these groups of species occupy similar biotopes. The largest changes in abundance were found in stenotopic species (Sterna albifrons, Hydroprogne caspia, Larus ichthyaetus); in some species, the expansion of the volume of the fundamental niche is due to changes in the nutrition spectrum.
The skeleton of Bison priscus (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) from the Singil deposits near the village of Kosika, Astrakhan Region of Russia
Authors: Golovachev Mikhail
Published: February 2025

The skeleton of an adult male Bison priscus cf. priscus, which was excavated in the Kosika locality in the Astrakhan Region in 2009, is described. The find was confined to a layer of Singil dark gray clays. The age of the enclosing sediments formed during the final regressive stage of the Early Khazar basin development dates back to the second half of the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 7-6). Remains of other representatives of the Khazar faunal complex come from this strata. The skeleton consists of most part of the bones, but the skull is damaged; horny cores are absent. The description uses data on the discovery of an incomplete bison skull from the Singil clays of the same locality. The horny cores of this skull are long and curved upward. A comparative analysis of the skull and bones of the postcranial skeleton with typical Bison priscus priscus from Western Siberia showed that the individual belonged to the forest-steppe form with a mixed type of nutrition, which included a significant amount of twig-leaf food. The large bones of the limbs are noticeably massive. The shape of the scapulohumeral joint indicates its fairly high mobility. The height of the reconstructed skeleton at the withers is 200 cm, the length is 330 cm. Palynological data indicate the distribution of steppe and forest-steppe vegetation in the bison burial area, which was a combination of coniferous-small-leaved forests with rare participation of broad-leaved species and meadow-steppe vegetation.
Readiness of Higher Learning Institutions in Adopting AI for Hearing-Impaired Students: A Case Study of the Tanzania Institute of Accountancy
Authors: Kamala Mugisha , Moshi Albert
Published: February 2025

The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education sector is potential in transforming learning experiences especially for groups with special needs. However, unequal access to educational resources and opportunities for hearing-impaired students remains a longstanding challenge in higher learning institutions. Despite the availability of advanced artificial intelligence technologies designed to enhance educational access, their deployment remains significantly limited. This study assessed Artificial Intelligence adoption readiness for hearing-impaired students in higher learning institutions, grounded in Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative techniques. A total of 171 respondents were selected from the population using simple random sampling for the quantitative component, while ten respondents were chosen through purposive sampling for the qualitative aspect. The findings of the study revealed that while higher learning institutions are equipped with information systems in their learning platforms, the systems are not structured to effectively support hearing-impaired students. The systems lack integration with AI applications such as speech-to-text applications and virtual avatars leaving learning platforms inadequately prepared to meet the diverse needs of hearing-impaired students. Basing on the findings, it is recommended that higher learning institutions should revisit institutional policies and regulation to include the usage of AI applications for inclusivity and accessibility of learning environment for hearing-impaired students.
Population Dynamics of Tetranychus urticae Koch. and Associated Predators in Relation to Certain Ecological Factors in Sweet Potato Fields
Authors: A.A. Gawad, , M. M. Hamdy, , Farag Abd-Elsalam A. , F.Abou-elenien Noura, , Elshanat Heba A. , Refaei ELsayed A.
Published: February 2025

The two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae is a highly polyphagous sap sucking pest, without a hibernation period, efficacy all the year round. He is destructive pest of important and fields and vegetable crops. This investigation was carried out at Beheira Governorate during 2023 and 2024 seasons, to monitor the population fluctuations of the spider mite and their predators; Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant, Coccinella undecimpunctata L., Chrysoperla carnea Steph and Scymnus interruptus Goeze. In the first season, the infestation of T. urticae started on sweet potato plants at low numbers, the population increased gradually to reach its highest peak during 22nd July (19.75±1.98 individ.). This peak was followed by a relatively high population of the four predators, S. gilvifrons (4.75±1.57 individ.), C. undecimpunctata (5.00±1.60 individ.), Ch. carnea (8.00±1.58 individ.) and Sc. interuptus. (5.00± individ.). The second peak of T. urticae was detected on 14th Aug. (48.00±2.91 individ.), synchronized with the peaks of the four predators. During 2024, the first incidence of the mite was recorded on 22nd July. (44.25±3.76 individ). This peak was associated with the peak of the four predators. The second peak of T. urticae was observed on 14th Aug. (25.75±3.01 individ.), it coincided with the peaks of the four predators. The infestation of T. urticae and their predators were highly significantly correlated with weather factors (Max., Min°C and RH). From the found data in this experiment, advise that together predators could be effectively application as biological control agents for T. urticae management.
Assessment of the Persistent Organic Compounds Residual Level in Farm Soil of Telfaria occidentalis Hook F. Cultivation Area in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: F. I. Nnrani , G. O. Ogunlade-Anibasa , R. W. Ndana , H. D. Aliyu
Published: February 2025

Soil samples from some selected farms where Telfaria occidentalis Hook F. was planted within the Federal Capital Territory was during the rainy season (August 2023) soil samples were collected using a modified grid of 40 m – 40 m adapted from (Anibasa, 2016) with 20 m apart between sampling locations at a depth of 10 cm for each sampling location, these were analyzed for Persistent Organic Compounds (POCs) residue level using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). The inorganic pesticides like, Alpha-BHC, Beta-BHC, Gamma-BHC, Heptachlor, Endrin, DDT, Endosulfan II, DDD (Dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane) and Endosulfan Sulfate were recorded. Endosulfan Sulfate was the highest concentration of 3.00±0.69 mg/kg in the soil and was recorded in three Area Councils, followed by Heptachlor with concentration of 2.14±0.73 mg/kg recorded in all the Area Councils, Beta- BHC with concentration of 2.12±0.48 mg/kg recorded in five Area Councils and the lowest concentration of 0.67±0.22 mg/kg was that of Alpha –BHC recorded from three Area Councils. Statistical analysis of the findings indicated that the data was not normally distributed and no significant difference (p˂0.05) in the concentrations across the six Area Councils however, all the concentrations were above Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) permissible by WHO/FAO in soil.
Ex-situ Spatial Distribution of Iron in Soil and its Effect on Uptake by Maize (Zea mays)
Authors: G.O. Ogunlade-Anibasa, , J. Daudu, , P.T. Ameh, , M.V. Aregbesola,
Published: February 2025

This study investigated ex-situ spatial distribution of iron in soil and its effects on uptake of Fe by Zea mays. A greenhouse pot experiment which simulated three treatments control (0mg/kg Fe added, homogeneous (1000mg/kg Fe added) and heterogeneous (Simulated realistic heterogenity). Zea Mays was transplanted into the three treatments for six weeks after germination and initial establishment for four weeks. At harvest, root and shoot samples were collected and analyzed for Fe using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) Thermos Fisher Scientific model ICE 3000 after acid digestion with nitric acid. The mean root Fe concentration in the control, homogeneous and heterogeneous treatments were 5965mg/kg, 7111mg/kg and 5389mg/kg respectively while the much shoot Fe concentration in the control, homogeneous and heterogeneous treatments were 1121mg/kg, 1405mg/kg and 831mg/kg respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the shoot and root Fe concentration between treatments. This suggest that Zea Mays will acquire Fe from varying soil distribution effectively,  However the root and shoot Fe concentration was 0.5 two percent higher than the control and heterogeneous treatments indicating an exaggerated uptake of Fe on a homogeneous distributed soil medium which unrealistic in nature shoot Fe concentration were two times as low as the root Fe concentration which implies that Fe is accumulated to a greater degree on the root and translocation to the shoot is greatly impaired in this plant. However, the shoot Fe concentration showed significant amount of Fe that may be potentially fund on the edible fruit consumed by humans and animals. The concentration factor (CF) were 0.3656, 0.4394 and 0.3209 for the control, homogeneous and heterogeneous treatments respectively. This similar trend in concentration factor showed that this plant has same ability for uptake of Fe in varying nutrient patch. This study demonstrated that spatial distribution of Fe metals plays a significant role in their uptake by plants it also showed that the metal uptake is also affected by the nature of the sort and zea Mays may be a rich source of Fe if grown in Fe rich soil. The plant iron concentration exceeded the WHO limits on food which may power a health risk to consumers. This study has implications for improving the nutritional quality of maize especially in Fe deficient Soils.