bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to integrate CCHP systems with desalination for sustainable energy and water solutions in educational buildings
Authors: Mohammed Bashir Faizah , Falude Emmanuel , Alsadun Ibtihaj Saad Rashed , Hamdoun Haifa Youssef , Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Said , Shannan Nahla M. , Naibi Ahmad Usman
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel approach to integrating combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems with water desalination for enhanced energy and water management in educational buildings. Two distinct layouts for CCHP and desalination systems are introduced: one prioritizing efficient power generation to meet electricity demands while providing waste heat for desalination, and the other focusing on balancing cooling and heating loads alongside water desalination. Both layouts are tailored to meet the building's energy and water demands while considering operational efficiency. Optimization of these layouts against traditional systems using the bat search algorithm emphasizes economic viability and the gas engine's operational flexibility, which are crucial for partial load operation. In addition, an environmental assessment compares the proposed CCHP-desalination systems with conventional setups, assessing CO2 emission reductions and overall sustainability. The evaluation encompasses key environmental metrics, such as resource consumption and the integration of renewable energy sources. Results highlight significant CO2 emission reductions across various gas engine capacities, with notable enhancements in economic and environmental performance achieved by selecting a 3,250 kW gas engine within the CCHP-desalination system. This choice not only maximizes the annual profit but also reduces CO2 emissions by 57% compared to conventional systems, underscoring the system's sustainability benefits.
The role of hyetograph shape and designer subjectivity in the design of an urban drainage system
Authors: Pritsis Spyros , Pons Vincent , Rokstad Marius Møller , Clemens-Meyer Francois H. L. R. , Kleidorfer Manfred , Tscheikner-Gratl Franz
Published: July 2024

Even though it has been established that a hyetograph's shape affects the results of hydrological simulations, common engineering practice does not always account for this fact. Instead, a single design storm is often considered sufficient for designing a urban drainage system. This study examines the impact that this design paradigm, combined with the uncertainty introduced by subjective choices made during the design process, has on the robustness of a designed system. To do so, we evaluated a set of individual designs created by engineering students using the same Chicago hyetograph as a design storm. We then created ensembles of hyetographs with the same precipitation volume and duration as the Chicago hyetograph and evaluated the designs' hydrological responses. The results showed that designs, which performed equally well for the initial design storm, triggered varying responses for the storms in the ensembles and, consequently, showed different levels of robustness, hinting at a need to adapt the current design approach.
Recent Developments and Perspectives in Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes Employing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Nagamani Selvakumaran
Published: July 2024

Among the 7×105
tonnes of synthetic dye manufacturing, 1,000 tonnes of
non-biodegradable textile dyes are disposed each year into natural streams and water
bodies. Due to rising environmental concerns and awareness, it is necessary to remove
dyes (pollutants) from municipal and industrial water effluents using a method that is
both efficient and affordable. In this regard, photocatalysis has proven to be a safe,
long-lasting, and effective wastewater treatment method with a high potential for color
removal. Due to their excellent potential as a photocatalyst to degrade various organic
dyes, metal oxide nanoparticles have been hailed as promising materials throughout the
past two decades. The fundamentals of photocatalysis, drawbacks of traditional water
purification techniques, and strategies for dye decolorization and degradation are all
briefly covered in this book chapter. It focuses on the mechanisms in relatively wellunderstood metal oxide photocatalysts. It summarizes recent developments to improve
metal oxide NPs photocatalytic efficiency, shape and structural modifications of metal
oxide, and immobilization of metal oxide by using various supports to make it a
versatile and financially successful dye treatment technology. Then, the conclusion and
the outlook for the future were considered and hypothesized, releasing the field for
advanced study to be granted for developing a photocatalytic system that can be widely
employed for various pollutants.
Thin Film Metal Oxide Nanocomposite: Synthesis to Innovative Applications via Chemical Route
Authors: Pakhare Keshav S. , Potdar Sachin S. , Patil Dhananjay V. , Potdar Bharat S. , Bhapkar Udaysinh S.
Published: July 2024

Metal-oxide nanocomposites are promising in the fields of nanotechnology and
nanoscience for a variety of application purposes, including sensors, supercapacitors, solar
cells, etc. The increase in its practical application efficiencies may be due to these increased
features. This chapter covers recent research on nanocomposites and their several possible uses.
Additionally, metal oxide-based nanocomposite synthesis techniques are gaining popularity
because they offer high production rates, high product yields, and minimal toxic waste
formation while also being cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Physical and chemical
methods have been used to synthesize metal oxide nanocomposites. This chapter provides an
overview of the various chemical methods used to synthesize metal oxides. The many reported
synthesis methods and prospective applications like solar cells, gas sensors, and supercapacitors
of metal oxide-based nanocomposites are discussed in this research.
Highly Efficient Nanostructured TiO2@carbon Thin Film for Photocatalytic Degradation and Environmental Remediation: A Green Approach
Authors: Kuldeep Aviraj R. , More Utkarsh U.
Published: July 2024

The simple Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique was used to create
nanostructured TiO2@carbon thin films (TCTF) with improved photocatalytic
properties. This research reports the modification of titanium dioxide using coconut
husk fibre carbon. The first sol-gel method for the comparative low-temperature
carbonization and acid digestion of coconut husk fibres has been suggested for the
synthesis of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and their composite with TiO2. The
microsphere-structured TiO2@carbon thin films were created by simply regulating
the deposition process parameters. The morphology exhibits a strong correlation with
the methyl orange (MO) photodegradation efficacy of TCTF as well. This discovery
offers a suitable method for engineering the energetic and interfacial characteristics
of TCTF to improve semiconductor photocatalytic performance. The anatase structure
of the TCTF is visible in XRD. According to HR-TEM, TiO2@carbon nanocomposite
(TCNCS) is prepared with a dimension of 10-15 nm. The Ti-O-Ti is strongly absorbed
between 500 and 800 cm-1 in both TiO2 and the mixture, as shown by the FT-IR
spectra. It can be seen from DRS spectra that the bandgap energy (Eg) of TCNCS
decreases significantly (3.05 eV). TCTF is composed of microspheres of various sizes
and a smooth surface, according to FE-SEM images. Only Ti, C, and O are visible in
the EDS result, demonstrating the great purity of the TCNCS made using this
technique. Methyl orange (MO) degradation under UV light exposure was used to
assess the photocatalytic activity of the TCNCS. The rate constant for TCNCS is
greater than TiO2, and the photocatalytic degradation is observed to be pseudo-firstorder.
Thin Film of Molybdenum Disulphide, an Emerging Class of Semiconducting Materials: Properties, Characterization and Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Sharma Shalini , Inwati Gajendra Kumar , Pal Deepti , Soni Anjali , Roy Ekta
Published: July 2024

Several scholars and scientists have recently continued their efforts to fabricate and
develop advanced nanomaterials in the form of nanoparticles, clusters, emulsions, and thin
films to design nanoscopic optoelectronic devices, supercapacitors, solar systems, and
biomedical equipment. Because of the widespread exceptional physiochemical characteristics
and improved functionalities, hybrid nanostructures, including organic and inorganic metaloxides, sulphides and polymeric nanostructures are highly appreciated and explored for
enhanced physicochemical, biological, and environmental applications. Therefore, metalsulphides nanomaterials such as CdS, ZnS, MoS2, and PbS, as nano-thin films were widely
designed, and employed in various geometries such as 1D, 2D, and 3D nano-thin films, which
possess extraordinary functionality. Among them, MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) is considered
as an emerging class of semiconducting material due to its direct bandgap value i.e. (~1.9 eV),
has high current on/off ratio (108
) at normal temperature, and exhibited mobility 200 cm2 Vs−1
.
It has the ability to change its architecture from bulk to nanoscale level. On the basis of its
unique structure, MoS2 has two characteristics: (i) it possesses a hexagonal structure with SMo-S layers arrangement by covalent bond, and (ii) Van der Waals force of interaction that lies
between the adjacent layers of MoS2, which makes it suitable for multiple applications.
Moreover, the structural, surface, and optical properties of MoS2 are altered by the
stoichiometric doping of metal/ions, which favour its electronic features toward improved work
functionalities. This chapter will provide a systematic explanation for the synthesis, design,
morphological investigations, and developments of the MoS2 semiconducting nano-thin films
for multiple optoelectronic, biochemical, and environmental uses.
Exploring Quaternary Ni﻿0.70-xCuxZn0.30Fe2O4 Ferrimagnetic Thin Films for Gas Sensing
Authors: Humbe Ashok V. , Undre Pallavi G. , Kounsalye Jitendra S. , Jadhav K. M.
Published: July 2024

A nanocrystalline quaternary Ni0.70-xCuxZn0.30Fe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25)
ferrimagnetic thin film was deposited and studied utilizing advanced characterization
techniques, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, AFM, XPS, etc. The details of the
investigations made by these techniques into the structure, chemical environment, morphology,
physical properties, and sensing are presented in this chapter. Spray pyrolysis was used to
deposit quaternary ferrimagnetic thin films using metal nitrates as the starting material. The
cubic structure was revealed by XRD patterns. The peaks in the Raman spectra correspond to
the tetrahedral and octahedral sites supporting the formation of the cubic phase. The presence
of permitted compositional constituents in the XPS indicates phase-pure production. FESEM
images revealed some spherical agglomerations. The elemental composition was identified by
the presence of Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, and O elements in the EDS pattern. The FESEM cross section
showed the deposition on the substrate, which is uniform and dense. The spherical shape, crackfree, and defect-free structure of deposited thin film system was observed by AFM. Contact
angle measurements showed the thin films were hydrophilic. The sensitivity among H2S, NO2
and NH3 gases was shown by H2S gas at an operating temperature of 200 C for a composition
of Ni0.65Cu0.05Zn0.30Fe2O4. The minimum detectable concentration was 20 ppm. With an
increase in H2S concentration, a linear improvement in the sensing response was seen.
Additionally, it was discovered that the response time shrank with an increase in H2S
concentration. At 50 ppm H2S, Ni0.65Cu0.05Zn0.30Fe2O4 has shown extremely high repeatability.
Studi Analisa Keruntuhan Bendungan Wonogiri dengan Program HEC-RAS dan INASAFE
Authors: Grisham Haliq Pambudi  , Suwanto Marsudi  , Jadfan Sidqi Fidari
Published: July 2024

Abstrak: Bendungan Wonogiri adalah bendungan serba guna yang dibangun pada tahun 1976 dan selesai pada tahun 1981. Bendungan Wonogiri mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1982 telah beroperasi selama 39 tahun. Oleh karena itu perlunya mengkaji dokumen yang memuat isi konsep keamanan bendungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui debit maksimum desain atau kondisi ekstrim yang masuk ke Bendungan Wonogiri di DAS Bengawan Solo Hulu, karakteristik skenario banjir maksimum, tingkat klasifikasi banjir dan besarnya kerugian akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Wonogiri. Dalam analisis keruntuhan bendungan menggunakan aplikasi program HEC-RAS dan InaSAFE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debit puncak periode ulang PMF dengan metode HSS Nakayasu yang telah dikalibrasi dengan debit pengamatan adalah 11.729,93 m3/detik. Hasil analisis menggunakan aplikasi HEC-RAS diperoleh luas genangan banjir maksimum yaitu pada kondisi lower piping dengan kedalaman banjir 26,58 m dan luas genangan 6,481 km2. Berdasarkan simulasi InaSAFE, sebagian besar wilayah terdampak banjir dengan kedalaman lebih dari 3 m dan dilambangkan dengan layer berwarna merah. Kerugian dalam faktor ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh sebaran banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Wonogiri sebesar Rp 56.297.932.372.
Abstract: Wonogiri Dam is a multi-purpose dam that was built in 1976 and completed in 1981. Wonogiri Dam began operating in 1982 it has been operating for 39 years. Hence the necessity to review documents that contain the content of the dam safety concept. This study aims to determine the maximum discharge design or extreme conditions that enter the Wonogiri Dam in the Upper Bengawan Solo River Watershed, the characteristics of the maximum flood scenario,  the level of flood classification and the amount of loss due to the Wonogiri Dam collapse. In the analysis of dam collapse using the HEC-RAS and InaSAFE program applications. The results show that the peak discharge of the PMF return period with the Nakayasu HSS method which has been calibrated with the observation discharge is 11,729.93 m3/ second. The analysis results using the HEC-RAS application obtained the maximum flood inundation area in the lower piping condition with a flood depth of 26.58 m and an inundation area of 6.481 km2. Based on the InaSAFE simulation, most area are affected by floods with a depth of more than 3 m and are denoted by a red layer. Losses in economic factors caused by the distribution of floods due to the Wonogiri Dam collapse amounted to Rp 56.297.932.372.
Rotman Lens Size Reduction by Using Same-Size Double Rectangular Defected Ground Structures (DGSs) Method or Same-Size Double Rectangular Slots Method
Authors: Rizky Hidayat Prasetyo  , Eko Tjipto Rahardjo
Published: July 2024

The need for dedicated communication keeps increasing. A technique to realize that is by using multibeam radiation. A Beamforming Network (BFN) is required to enable multibeam capability in array antennas. This study uses the Rotman Lens as BFN in the frequency of S-Band. The common problem with using Rotman Lens is that its conventional design size is quite large, mainly due to its transition leg ports. Transition leg ports are important to ensure the matching impedance between the lens and the array antenna ports the lens and the beam ports or the lens and the dummy port. The goal of this study is to reduce the size of Rotman lens transition legs by implementing simple and uniform size of slots or Defected Ground Structures (DGSs) methods for the ports of the Rotman Lens BFN. The method can minimize the length of the transition leg and allow the BFN to operate efficiently. The results revealed that the use of the same double-rectangular DGS technique and the same double-rectangular slots in ports can reduce the size of the Rotman lens. Compared to the conventional methods, the proposed method can reduce the size to almost 85 percent from its original size for this S-Band implementation. The other performances of the BFN, besides the size reduction, are not degraded by implementing the proposed methods.
Factors Affecting Specialty Training Preference Among UK Medical Students (FAST): Protocol for a National Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Ferreira Tomas , Collins Alexander M , French Benjamin , Fortescue Amelia , Handscomb Arthur , Plumb Ella , Bolton Emily , Feng Oliver
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The UK medical education system faces a complex landscape of specialty training choices and heightened competition. The Factors Affecting Specialty Training Preference Among UK Medical Students (FAST) study addresses the need to understand the factors influencing UK medical students’ specialty choices, against a backdrop of increasing challenges in health care workforce planning.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objectives of the FAST study are to explore UK medical students’ preferred specialties and the factors that influence these choices. Secondary objectives are to evaluate students’ confidence in securing their chosen specialty, to understand how demographic and academic backgrounds affect their decisions, and to examine how specialty preferences and confidence levels vary across different UK medical schools.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey design will be used to collect data from UK medical students. The survey, comprising 17 questions, uses Likert scales, multiple-choice formats, and free-text entry to capture nuanced insights into specialty choice factors. The methodology, adapted from the Ascertaining the Career Intentions of UK Medical Students (AIMS) study, incorporates adjustments based on literature review, clinical staff feedback, and pilot group insights. This approach ensures comprehensive and nondirective questioning. Data analysis will include descriptive statistics to establish basic patterns, ANOVA for group comparisons, logistic regression for outcome modeling, and discrete choice models for specialty preference analysis.

RESULTS

The study was launched nationally on December 4, 2023. Data collection is anticipated to end on March 1, 2024, with data analysis beginning thereafter. The results are expected to be available later in 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

The FAST study represents an important step in understanding the factors influencing UK medical students’ career pathways. By integrating diverse student perspectives across year groups and medical schools, this study seeks to provide critical insights into the dynamics of specialty, or residency, selection. The findings are anticipated to inform both policy and educational strategies, aiming to align training opportunities with the evolving needs and aspirations of the future medical workforce. Ultimately, the insights gained may guide initiatives to balance specialty distribution, improve career guidance, and improve overall student satisfaction within the National Health Service, contributing to a more stable and effective health care system.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/55155
Patterns of Ownership and Usage of Wearable Devices in the United States, 2020-2022: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nagappan Ashwini , Krasniansky Adriana , Knowles Madelyn
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Although wearable technology has become increasingly common, comprehensive studies examining its ownership across different sociodemographic groups are limited. 

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to (1) measure wearable device ownership by sociodemographic characteristics in a cohort of US consumers and (2) investigate how these devices are acquired and used for health-related purposes.

METHODS

Data from the Rock Health Digital Health Consumer Adoption Survey collected from 2020 to 2022 with 23,974 US participants were analyzed. The sample was US Census–matched for demographics, including age, race/ethnicity, gender, and income. The relationship between sociodemographic factors and wearable ownership was explored using descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS

Of the 23,974 respondents, 10,679 (44.5%) owned wearables. Ownership was higher among younger individuals, those with higher incomes and education levels, and respondents living in urban areas. Compared to those aged 18-24 years, respondents 65 years and older had significantly lower odds of wearable ownership (odds ratio [OR] 0.18, 95% CI 0.16-0.21). Higher annual income (≥US $200,000; OR 2.27, 95% CI 2.01-2.57) and advanced degrees (OR 2.23, 95% CI 2.01-2.48) were strong predictors of ownership. Living in rural areas reduced ownership odds (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.60-0.72). There was a notable difference in ownership based on gender and health insurance status. Women had slightly higher ownership odds than men (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17). Private insurance increased ownership odds (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17-1.40), whereas being uninsured (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.36-0.47) or on Medicaid (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68-0.82) decreased the odds of ownership. Interestingly, minority groups such as non-Hispanic Black (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.25) and Hispanic/Latine (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10-1.31) respondents showed slightly higher ownership odds than other racial/ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that despite overall growth in wearable ownership, sociodemographic divides persist. The data indicate a need for equitable access strategies as wearables become integral to clinical and public health domains.
Advancing Regional and Remote Healthcare with Virtual Hospital Implementation: A Rapid Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kumari Artika Archana , Khan Urooj Raza , Wani Tafheem , Liam Michael , Boyd James
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Health equity between metropolitan and rural areas is a global concern, especially in vast countries like Australia, Canada, and the USA. Virtual care models in healthcare settings show promise in reducing disparities, with virtual hospitals potentially bridging the gap for isolated or underserved regions. However, evidence-based strategies and the complexities of virtual hospital implementation necessitate further research.

OBJECTIVE

This research examined the role of virtual hospitals in enhancing regional and remote healthcare by focusing on accessibility, patient and provider experiences, and implementation barriers and facilitators. It provides tailored recommendations for large-scale implementation in communities with access issues, contributing to the discussion on equitable healthcare.

METHODS

A rapid review following WHO guidelines was conducted, covering 23 peer-reviewed articles and 12 sources of grey literature on virtual hospitals and virtual care-from-home services in regional and remote communities. Thematic analysis identified key themes.

RESULTS

The findings were categorised into four main themes: 1) Clinical and Health System Outcomes: Virtual hospitals reduced admissions, mortality, and length of stay while improving compliance, healthcare processes, and access to care. 2) Patient and Provider Perspectives: Enhanced satisfaction due to convenience, time and cost savings, and improved service delivery. 3) Barriers and Facilitators: Barriers included poor digital and language literacy, lack of coordination and communication, technical infrastructure, and financing. Facilitators addressed these issues. 4) Recommendations: Successful implementation requires stakeholder collaboration, patient-centred approaches, digital equity, sustainable funding, smart technology, and improved digital literacy.

CONCLUSIONS

Virtual hospitals have the potential to revolutionise regional and remote healthcare by overcoming barriers, utilising facilitators, and following recommended practices, leading to better clinical outcomes and increased satisfaction for patients and providers.
Development and Validation of DHL Questionnaire for stroke survivors（DHLQ-SS）: Rasch analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ye Qin , Wang Wei , Wang Wei , Zeng Xuan , Kuang Yuxian , Geng Bingbing , Liu Ning
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability among adults. Current evaluation tools lack specificity for stroke survivors, hindering precise assessment of their digital health literacy (DHL). This gap underscores the need for a tailored DHL scale to accurately reflect the unique needs of this population.

OBJECTIVE

With the digitization of health care and the wide availability of Web-based applications, a broad set of skills is essential to properly use such facilities; these skills are called digital health literacy (DHL). To describe the development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure for DHL from stroke, the DHL Questionnaire for survivors（DHLQ-SS）.

METHODS

Design Multiphase, prospective mixed methods study.
Setting Face-to-face data collection and social media channels in China, September 15, 2023, to April 28, 2024.
Participants 15 stroke survivors (aged ≥18 years) with self-reported stroke and 20 experts evaluated the content validity. 418 stroke survivors tested the draff questionnaire.
Main outcome measures Published systematic reviews informed the development of the DHLQ-SS conceptual framework and initial item pool. Thematic analysis of transcripts from cognitive debriefing interviews and online expert surveys established content validity. Rasch analysis of field test data guided item and scale refinement and provided initial evidence of the DHLQ-SS’s measurement properties.

RESULTS

DHLQ-SS (version 1.0) is a modular instrument measuring stroke survivors’ DHL. Respondents rate their DHL during the past seven days using a 5-point scale. Including DHL acquisition ability, evaluation ability, and application ability, it returns a summed raw score that can be transformed into a linear (0-75) score. Higher scores represent higher levels of DHL. The factor model showed good fit with χ2/df = 1.669, GFI = 0.926, CFI = 0.977, IFI = 0.977, and RMSEA =0.047. The correlation coefficient between the DHLQ-SS and eHEALS is 0.853 (P<0.001). The coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.941, indicating a high degree of consistency in the measurements over time. After rating scale refinement and item reduction, the scale satisfied the Rasch model requirements for unidimensionality (the measurement dimension be 50% and item fit (outfit mean square values within 0.5-1.5 logits). The assessment tool demonstrated strong reliability and consistency, with a person reliability of 0.89, item reliability of 0.94, a person separation was 2.91, an item separation was 3.81, and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) scores ranging from 0.858 to 0.937.

CONCLUSIONS

DHLQ-SS (version 1.0) is a patient-reported outcome instrument developed using modern psychometric methods. It measures the DHL of stroke survivors. It can facilitate personalized medical interventions, enhancing survivors' self-management capabilities and overall health outcomes.
Leveraging patient-reported outcome measures for optimal dose selection in early phase cancer trials (Preprint)
Authors: Byrom Bill , Everhart Anthony , Cordero Paul , Garratt Chris , Meyer Tim
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

While patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are regularly incorporated into phase III clinical trials, there has been little use of PROMs in early phase trials [1]. However, the patient perspective is a vital element of fully understanding dose-toxicity and selecting an optimal dose. This viewpoint paper reviews the rationale for, and practical approach to, collection of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data in early-phase oncology drug development, and the rationale for electronic collection.
Evaluating Older Adults’ Engagement and Usability with AI Driven Interventions (Preprint)
Authors: Shade Marcia , Yan Changmin , Jones Valerie , Boron Julie
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Technologies that serve as assistants are growing more popular to entertain and help with daily tasks. The artificial intelligence (AI) in these technologies could also be helpful to deliver interventions that assist older adults with symptoms or self-management. To create the best delivery and dose of an intervention, we must understand older adults’ usability and engagement behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this analysis was to describe how older adults engaged with a commercially available AI assistant that delivered prescribed routines as interventions.

METHODS

A randomized pilot trial was conducted for 12-weeks in adults aged 60 years or older, self-reported living alone, and having chronic musculoskeletal pain. Participants (N=50) were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups to engage with the AI assistant Alexa. One group interacted with a standard intervention with a priori activities, and the other group interacted with enhanced (tailored) intervention based on participant input. Participants were encouraged to interact with Alexa routines prescribed twice daily (morning and evening) and as needed. Data were collected and analyzed on routine engagement characteristics and perceived usability of the AI assistant. To understand how to improve the personalization of the user experience, an analysis was conducted on participant’s personality trait scores.

RESULTS

Participants were on average 79 years of age. In both intervention groups, morning routines were initiated more frequently than evening routines. The enhanced group perceived routine usability as good, and the standard group reported lower usability scores. Higher extraversion personality scores predicted higher rates of routine initiation, while higher agreeableness and higher conscientiousness personality scores positively predicted better usability.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings support the feasibility of using prescribed interactive AI assistant routines with older adults. Routine engagement and usability may be enhanced with the development of skills and interactive features for aging populations. Older adults' engagement with prescribed interventions with AI assistants may be influenced by personality traits, preferences for routines, and symptom characteristics.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT05387447
Significance of Vachanas
Authors: Vijaya Vijaya
Published: July 2024

Vachana literature has a very special place in Kannada literary heritage. Unique literature consisting of verse prose, verse. The scriptures contain all the things needed for a pure life like religion, ethics, philosophy, spirituality, society, science, psychology, politics. What is not in the verses may seem more meaningful than what is there. It is no exaggeration that more ideas are contained here than the principles in the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita and other religious texts.The words of the 12th century sharanare about the greatness of vachanas are a mirror of reality.
Development and Experimental Validation of a 3D-Printed Force-Sensing Grabber for Automated Pineapple Harvesting
Authors: Singh Mayanglambam Aarbindro , Lande Satish Devram , Mani Indra , Prakash Jai , Khura Tapan Kumar , Sarkar Susheel Kumar
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel 3D-printed grabber designed to assess the mechanical properties of pineapples, crucial for optimizing harvesting and handling processes. This research represents a key component of a larger project aimed at developing a semi-automatic pineapple harvester tailored for the challenging terrain of hilly regions, such as those found in Manipur, India, where the pineapple data for this study was collected. Key physical parameters like including transverse diameter, weight, longitudinal diameter, and compression force were evaluated. The grabber was designed using 3D modelling software and fabricated via 3D printing, enabling rapid prototyping and customization. A compression force sensor unit integrated into the grabber allowed for real-time force measurement during testing. Experimental validation involved applying controlled compression forces to pineapples of varying sizes and maturities. The results demonstrated that the grabber could effectively measure compression force while ensuring minimal fruit damage, even when exceeding the required gripping force. The study successfully determined a safe grabbing force range for pineapples, informing the development of robotic or semi-automatic harvesting systems. Furthermore, the adaptable design of the force-sensing grabber presents a promising approach for assessing the mechanical properties of other fruits and vegetables, potentially reducing damage and improving handling practices across the agricultural sector.
Metal Ion Uptake Properties of Chelating Ion-Exchange Copolymer Synthesized from 2, 4- Dihydroxypropiophenone and 4-Pyridylamine
Authors: Das N. C.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The chelating ion exchange copolymer 2,4-DHP-4-PAF-II has been synthesized by condensing 2,4- dihydroxypropiophenone, 4-pyridylamine and formaldehyde in the presence of 2M hydrochloric acid as catalyst using 2:1:3 molar proportion of reacting monomers. The resulting resin has been characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR. The morphological feature of copolymer has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) .
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Active Greenhouse Solar Dryer with and without Reflective Floor Material
Authors: Singh Gopal
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This study investigates the performance of an active greenhouse solar dryer, assessing its efficiency with and without the use of a reflective floor material. The reflective floor material aims to enhance the drying process by increasing solar energy absorption. Key parameters such as drying rate, temperature distribution, and energy efficiency were analyzed to determine the impact of the reflective material. Freshly harvested tomatoes were used as the test product due to their common use and sensitivity to drying conditions. The experiments were conducted under similar environmental conditions to ensure comparability. The results indicate a notable increase in the internal temperature of the dryer with the reflective floor material, which was on average 5-7°C higher than in the standard configuration. This higher temperature facilitated faster moisture evaporation, reducing the time required to achieve the desired moisture content by approximately 20%. The energy efficiency, evaluated by specific energy consumption (SEC), was also improved in the dryer with the reflective floor, indicating more efficient use of solar energy. The study concludes that incorporating a reflective floor material in an active greenhouse solar dryer significantly enhances its performance, providing a cost-effective solution for optimizing solar drying processes. This modification not only improves the drying rate but also enhances energy efficiency, making solar drying systems more effective and sustainable. Future research could explore different reflective materials and configurations to further optimize performance and test the dryer with various agricultural products under different climatic conditions to provide a more comprehensive understanding of its capabilities and limitations
Students’ learning difficulties based on cognitive level of excretory system material
Authors: Rizalia Syarif , Nopriansyah Sesar , Saefi Muhammad , Adi Widi Cahya , Damayanti Eka , Sukmawati S.
Published: July 2024

The biology material on the excretory system has a high level of learning difficulty, including the complexity of the material and the high level of abstraction, which can affect students' learning process and outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the internal and external sources causing learning difficulties by conducting research that aims to interpret: 1) the level of students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material, 2) the factors causing students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material. This research is a qualitative study using an ex post facto method conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Konawe Selatan. The subjects of this research are 56 Grade XI students who experience learning difficulties, and the biology teacher. The data collection techniques used are: 1) tests, which were analyzed descriptively statistically; 2) interviews, which were analyzed through four stages: collection, reduction, display, and conclusion, followed by testing the validity of the data through triangulation. The results of this research show that: 1) Students' learning difficulties viewed from the cognitive levels of each learning indicator on the excretory system material are generally categorized as slightly difficult with a percentage of 58.93%; 2) The factors causing students' learning difficulties are students' interest in learning, students' habits during the learning process, evaluation techniques, as well as family, school, and community environmental aspects.
Fostering students’ problem-solving skills through biology learning model integrated with Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Fatmawati Baiq , Marzuki M. , Roshayanti Fenny , Suprapto Purwati Kuswarini
Published: July 2024

Kurikulum Merdeka is a learning experience framework that offers flexibility and focuses on essential content, character development, and students' competencies. Teachers had the discretion to develop their modules to choose, design, and organize the learning contents for students, based on their needs. By using that module, there is more flexibility and independence either for teachers and students, while enhancing the relevance, interactivity, and effectiveness of learning. This research aims to develop problem-based teaching modules on biology based on Kurikulum Merdeka as a reference in the learning process. This research and development, referring to Borg and Gall's model, consists of (1) research and information collection, (2) planning, (3) developing a preliminary form of the product, (4) preliminary field testing, and (5) main product revision. The participants in this development research are teachers as learning experts and students of a senior high school in one of the districts of East Lombok as a subject in limited trials. Data collection used closed questionnaires to determine the feasibility and ideality of the instrument. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive analysis involves analyzing the results of instrument feasibility and ideality from experts and students. The results show that the developed module was included in the very feasible and ideal learning resources. The readability test of the worksheet after limited trials was included in the good category for the biodiversity content, and quite good for the virus and ecosystem content. Therefore, the problem-based teaching module on biology content in phase E of grade XI of senior high school is considered feasible.
Traumatic Memory in Mahfud Ikhwan’s Dawuk Dwilogy as a Cultural Manifestation of East Java's Northern Coastal Communities
Authors: Alifian Muhammad Afnani , Saryono Djoko , Karkono  , Rahman Norhayati Ab.
Published: July 2024

Traumatic memory can become a manifestation of a community's cultural wisdom when the community collectively continues to maintain fear of the object of trauma. Mahfud Ikhwan's Dwilogi Dawuk novel tells the story of traumatic memory rooted in the community's trauma to the livelihood of blandong and the forestry ministry that has been maintained for generations. The purpose of this study is to describe the symptoms of trauma in the Dawuk duogy experienced by the characters to produce findings that traumatic memory can become the cultural wisdom of the community. The data of this research are novel texts in the form of character utterances, narrator monologues, and dialogues between characters.  The source of the research data is the Dawuk bilingual novel, namely Dawuk; The Gray Tale of Rumbuk Randu and Anwar Tohari Mencari Mati. Data collection is done with documentation technique. The main instrument in the research is the researcher himself who is supported by a data search grid table. The flow of data analysis in this study, namely (1) data collection, (2) data condensation, (3) data presentation, and (4) conclusion drawing. Once collected, the data were analyzed based on the research focus of traumatic memory symptoms. The results showed that flashback symptoms were experienced when the characters and people of Rumbuk Randu felt, heard, and recalled the traumatic events. Nightmare symptoms occur to characters who feel fear of the traumatized object while in an unconscious state. Meanwhile, the repetitive phenomenon occurs when the Rumbuk Randu community equates current events with bad events in the past. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that this novel is a medium for conveying traumatic memory symptoms about the conflict between blandongan and the forestry ministry on the north coast of East Java, precisely in the Lamongan area.
The trans-national framework and global culture for teachable American literature in Islamic higher education institutions
Authors: Murwantono Didik , Nailil Muna
Published: July 2024

In recent years, innovative approaches in teaching American literature focused on the trans-national mind have been actualized in the teaching and learning proses. From this perspective, the main reason for this research is to examine the perceptions of the American mind toward Islamic students studying in the American literature class. Forty (N=40) undergraduate students contributed to this research. It was under mixed-method research by separating both quantitative and qualitative. The technique of data analysis was by simple numeric of SPSS 23 along with phenomenological exploratory analysis. The primary data were from the semi-structured online interviews and questionnaires of the students from September to November 2021. This research results that the trans-national framework has significant contributions, meanwhile global culture has a positive impact on undergraduate students in understanding American literature class. Secondly, undergraduate students in Islamic Higher Education successfully can open their perspectives to see the phenomena of the world in understanding the profound meaning of both perception and interpretation of literary works through the transnational framework. The conducted research proves that the integration of this type of transnational framework and global culture into the content of teaching American literature is not only possible but also promising. It helps to become successful lecturers for teaching American literature in the future.
Pergeseran ekoleksikon nama orang Bali: Studi kasus kajian ekolinguistik
Authors: I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri  , I Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra  , Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya
Published: July 2024

Sistem penamaan manusia memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan budaya dan kebiasaan. Budaya masyarakat akan memengaruhi sistem penamaan manusia dari masa ke masa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nama orang Bali dari generasi ke generasi yang dianalisis menggunakan kajian Ekolinguistik. Tata cara pemberian nama seseorang dalam setiap budaya memiliki keunikan masing-masing. Keunikan teresebut ditemui pada sistem penamaan orang Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menerapkan teknik rekam dan catat. Data penelitian ini merupakan nama-nama orang Bali yang dikumpulkan dalam satu banjar yaitu di Br. Sari, Desa Talibeng Kec. Sidemen Kab. Karangasem. Data diperoleh dengan mendata dan mencatat nama warga melalui kelian adat (ketua adat). Subjek penelitian ini adalah informan utama yaitu kelian adat (ketua adat) dan kelian dinas (ketua urusan luar adat atau kedinasan). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data maka ditemukan bahwa variasi leksikon yang digunakan sebagai nama orang Bali pada kelahiran tahun 1920an didominasi dengan nama yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan. Sebanyak 43% masyarakat menggunakan leksikon yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan sebagai nama anak, diikuti dengan kata sifat sebanyak 34%, beberapa variasi leksikon lainnya yang digunakan sebagai nama anak yaitu kata kerja sebanyak 10%, nama hari sebanyak 9% dan nama tokoh sebanyak 9%. Pada kelahiran tahun 1960an, nama orang Bali bergeser menjadi nama-nama tokoh pewayangan, nama hari, nama tokoh dewa-dewi. Pada kelahiran tahun 1980an sampai sekarang nama orang Bali dipengaruhi oleh bahasa asing. Faktor-faktor utama yang memengaruhi pergeseran ekoleksikon nama orang Bali di generasi kelahiran tahun 1960an adalah karena masuknya informasi-informasi baru tentang keagamaan dan kesusastraan yang sering disajikan dalam bentuk hiburan rakyat. Faktor-faktor penyebab pergeseran ekoleksikon nama orang Bali pada kelahiran 1980an adalah karena adanya faktor urbanisasi, ekploitasi alam, dan faktor globalisasi. Berdesakan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pergeseran leksikon nama orang Bali merupakan salah satu bentuk pergeseran budaya, gaya hidup dan lingkungan masyarakat yang berubah dari masa ke masa.
Jati diri perempuan Fakfak dalam tradisi lisan Etnik Mbaham Matta Wuh
Authors: Lefaan Adolina Velomena , Handayani Tri
Published: July 2024

Each cultural group has values that describe its group identity. The Mbaham Matta Wuh Ethnic Community has philosophical values that explain the identity of Fakfak Women. This research aims to describe the philosophy of life of the Mbaham Matta Wuh ethnic community in seeing women's identity. This research is qualitative with ethnographic methods. Sources of research data are informants, phenomena and documents. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and document study. The analysis technique used is descriptive ethnography. Based on the research results, it was found that there is a philosophy in the Mbaham Matta Wuh ethnic community which regulates the conception of custom, religion and government related to the identity of Fakfak women. This philosophy is the philosophy of satu tungku tiga batu, idu-idu maninina jojor, dan henggi. These three philosophies teach life values which guide the lives of the Fakfak people, especially women. All forms of culture in Fakfak society are formed from human awareness of customs, religion and language.
Retorika estetik bahasa iklan online Ramadan 2022: Kajian Fungsional Aliran Praha
Authors: Latifah Umi , Busri Hasan , Badrih Moh
Published: July 2024

Retorika menampilkan kebenaran dengan menata tutur secara efektif dan etis dengan kemampuan menggunakan bahasa yang indah dan mempesona bagi orang lain. Dalam kegiatan berkomunikasi, estetika linguistik fungsional Aliran Praha muncul peranannya, seperti dalam bahasa iklan Ramadhan 2022. Analisis ini penting dilakukan karena bertujuan untuk menyibak keindahan bahasa iklan sebagai bahasa pemasaran produk telebih pada iklan Ramadan 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan estetika fungsional pada tingkatan fonologi, sintaksis, dan semantik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif karena proses analisis mendapatkan data deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah iklan online Ramadan 2022 dengan menggunakan teknis analisis data transkrip dari bahasa lisan ke dalam bahasa tulis. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari tayangan iklan bulan Ramadan 2022, sedangkan data penelitian tentang estetika fungsional disajikan pada tingkatan fonologis, sintaksis, dan semantik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, estetika fungsional bahasa tingkatan fonologis yang menjadi fungsi keseluruhan dapat dilihat dari asonansi dan aliterasi. Pada tataran sintaksis fungsional-estetik terdapat paralelisme struktural yang dibentuk oleh fungsi sintaksis, kategori sintaksis, peran sintaksis dan didukung oleh gaya bahasa yang terdiri dari klimaks, antitesis dan repetisi. Pada tingkatan semantik, kesejajaran makna (makna paralel; elemen segmental penghasil makna merupakan pelengkap dari fungsi pemuasan makna yang semakin kuat) dengan fungsi preposisi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, fungsi estetik mulai dari kesedapan bunyi, bentuk, dan makna akan diulas secara lengkap. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk memperkuat aspek retorika estetika iklan dalam bidang fonologi, sintaksis, dan semantik.