bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Relatedness versus Biological Compatibility between Aspergillus fumigatus and Related Species
Authors: Sugui Janyce A. , Peterson Stephen W. , Figat Abigail , Hansen Bryan , Samson Robert A. , Mellado Emilia , Cuenca-Estrella Manuel , Kwon-Chung Kyung J.
Published: August 2014

Aspergillus
section
Fumigati
contains 12 clinically relevant species. Among these
Aspergillus
species,
A. fumigatus
is the most frequent agent of invasive aspergillosis, followed by
A. lentulus
and
A. viridinutans
. Genealogical concordance and mating experiments were performed to examine the relationship between phylogenetic distance and mating success in these three heterothallic species. Analyses of 19 isolates from section
Fumigati
revealed the presence of three previously unrecognized species within the broadly circumscribed species
A. viridinutans
. A single mating type was found in the new species
Aspergillus pseudofelis
and
Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans
, but in
Aspergillus parafelis
, both mating types were present. Reciprocal interspecific pairings of all species in the study showed that the only successful crosses occurred with the
MAT1-2
isolates of both
A. parafelis
and
A. pseudofelis
. The
MAT1-2
isolate of
A. parafelis
was fertile when paired with the
MAT1-1
isolates of
A. fumigatus
,
A. viridinutans
,
A. felis
,
A. pseudoviridinutans
, and
A. wyomingensis
but was not fertile with the
MAT1-1
isolate of
A. lentulus
. The
MAT1-2
isolates of
A. pseudofelis
were fertile when paired with the
MAT1-1
isolate of
A. felis
but not with any of the other species. The general infertility in the interspecies crossings suggests that genetically unrelated species are also biologically incompatible, with the
MAT1-2
isolates of
A. parafelis
and
A. pseudofelis
being the exception. Our findings underscore the importance of genealogical concordance analysis for species circumscription, as well as for accurate species identification, since misidentification of morphologically similar pathogens with differences in innate drug resistance may be of grave consequences for disease management.
Inhibition of the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Small Hydrophobic Protein and Structural Variations in a Bicelle Environment
Authors: Li Yan , To Janet , Verdià-Baguena Carmina , Dossena Silvia , Surya Wahyu , Huang Mei , Paulmichl Markus , Liu Ding Xiang , Aguilella Vicente M. , Torres Jaume
Published: August 2014

The small hydrophobic (SH) protein is a 64-amino-acid polypeptide encoded by the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV). SH protein has a single α-helical transmembrane (TM) domain that forms pentameric ion channels. Herein, we report the first inhibitor of the SH protein channel, pyronin B, and we have mapped its binding site to a conserved surface of the RSV SH pentamer, at the C-terminal end of the transmembrane domain. The validity of the SH protein structural model used has been confirmed by using a bicellar membrane-mimicking environment. However, in bicelles the α-helical stretch of the TM domain extends up to His-51, and by comparison with previous models both His-22 and His-51 adopt an interhelical/lumenal orientation relative to the channel pore. Neither His residue was found to be essential for channel activity although His-51 protonation reduced channel activity at low pH, with His-22 adopting a more structural role. The latter results are in contrast with previous patch clamp data showing channel activation at low pH, which could not be reproduced in the present work. Overall, these results establish a solid ground for future drug development targeting this important viroporin.

IMPORTANCE
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is responsible for 64 million reported cases of infection and 160,000 deaths each year. Lack of adequate antivirals fuels the search for new targets for treatment. The small hydrophobic (SH) protein is a 64-amino-acid polypeptide encoded by hRSV and other paramyxoviruses, and its absence leads to viral attenuation
in vivo
and early apoptosis in infected cells. SH protein forms pentameric ion channels that may constitute novel drug targets, but no inhibitor for this channel activity has been reported so far. A small-molecule inhibitor, pyronin B, can reduce SH channel activity, and its likely binding site on the SH protein channel has been identified. Black lipid membrane (BLM) experiments confirm that protonation of both histidine residues reduces stability and channel activity. These results contrast with previous patch clamp data that showed low-pH activation, which we have not been able to reproduce.
The Genomes, Proteomes, and Structures of Three Novel Phages That Infect the Bacillus cereus Group and Carry Putative Virulence Factors
Authors: Grose Julianne H. , Belnap David M. , Jensen Jordan D. , Mathis Andrew D. , Prince John T. , Merrill Bryan D. , Burnett Sandra H. , Breakwell Donald P.
Published: August 2014

This article reports the results of studying three novel bacteriophages, JL, Shanette, and Basilisk, which infect the pathogen
Bacillus cereus
and carry genes that may contribute to its pathogenesis. We analyzed host range and superinfection ability, mapped their genomes, and characterized phage structure by mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The JL and Shanette genomes were 96% similar and contained 217 open reading frames (ORFs) and 220 ORFs, respectively, while Basilisk has an unrelated genome containing 138 ORFs. Mass spectrometry revealed 23 phage particle proteins for JL and 15 for Basilisk, while only 11 and 4, respectively, were predicted to be present by sequence analysis. Structural protein homology to well-characterized phages suggested that JL and Shanette were members of the family
Myoviridae
, which was confirmed by TEM. The third phage, Basilisk, was similar only to uncharacterized phages and is an unrelated siphovirus. Cryogenic electron microscopy of this novel phage revealed a T=9 icosahedral capsid structure with the major capsid protein (MCP) likely having the same fold as bacteriophage HK97 MCP despite the lack of sequence similarity. Several putative virulence factors were encoded by these phage genomes, including TerC and TerD involved in tellurium resistance. Host range analysis of all three phages supports genetic transfer of such factors within the
B. cereus
group, including
B. cereus
,
B. anthracis
, and
B. thuringiensis
. This study provides a basis for understanding these three phages and other related phages as well as their contributions to the pathogenicity of
B. cereus
group bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
The
Bacillus cereus
group of bacteria contains several human and plant pathogens, including
B. cereus
,
B. anthracis
, and
B. thuringiensis
. Phages are intimately linked to the evolution of their bacterial hosts and often provide virulence factors, making the study of
B. cereus
phages important to understanding the evolution of pathogenic strains. Herein we provide the results of detailed study of three novel
B. cereus
phages, two highly related myoviruses (JL and Shanette) and an unrelated siphovirus (Basilisk). The detailed characterization of host range and superinfection, together with results of genomic, proteomic, and structural analyses, reveal several putative virulence factors as well as the ability of these phages to infect different pathogenic species.
trans
-Protease Activity and Structural Insights into the Active Form of the Alphavirus Capsid Protease
Authors: Aggarwal Megha , Dhindwal Sonali , Kumar Pravindra , Kuhn Richard J. , Tomar Shailly
Published: August 2014

The alphavirus capsid protein (CP) is a serine protease that possesses
cis
-proteolytic activity essential for its release from the nascent structural polyprotein. The released CP further participates in viral genome encapsidation and nucleocapsid core formation, followed by its attachment to glycoproteins and virus budding. Thus, protease activity of the alphavirus capsid is a potential antialphaviral target to arrest capsid release, maturation, and structural polyprotein processing. However, the discovery of capsid protease inhibitors has been hampered due to the lack of a suitable screening assay and of the crystal structure in its active form. Here, we report the development of a
trans
-proteolytic activity assay for Aura virus capsid protease (AVCP) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for screening protease inhibitors. Kinetic parameters using fluorogenic peptide substrates were estimated, and the

K
m

value was found to be 2.63 ± 0.62 μM while the
k
cat
/

K
m

value was 4.97 × 10
4
M
−1
min
−1
. Also, the crystal structure of the
trans
-active form of AVCP has been determined to 1.81-Å resolution. Structural comparisons of the active form with the crystal structures of available substrate-bound mutant and inactive blocked forms of the capsid protease identify conformational changes in the active site, the oxyanion hole, and the substrate specificity pocket residues, which could be critical for rational drug design.

IMPORTANCE
The alphavirus capsid protease is an attractive antiviral therapeutic target. In this study, we have described the formerly unappreciated
trans
-proteolytic activity of the enzyme and for the first time have developed a FRET-based protease assay for screening capsid protease inhibitors. Our structural studies unveil the structural features of the
trans
-active protease, which has been previously proposed to exist in the natively unfolded form (M. Morillas, H. Eberl, F. H. Allain, R. Glockshuber, and E. Kuennemann, J. Mol. Biol. 376:721–735, 2008, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.11.055). The different enzymatic forms have been structurally compared to reveal conformational variations in the active and substrate binding sites. The flexible active-site residue Ser218, the disordered C-terminal residues after His261, and the presence of a water molecule in the oxyanion hole of AVCPΔ2 (AVCP with a deletion of the last two residues at the C terminus) reveal the effect of the C-terminal Trp267 deletion on enzyme structure. New structural data reported in this study along with the fluorogenic assay will be useful in substrate specificity characterization, high-throughput protease inhibitor screening, and structure-based development of antiviral drugs.
Effects of Ear Acupuncture Therapy for Obesity on the Depression of Obese Women
Authors: Set Turan , Cayir Yasemin , Pirim Asuman Bihter Guven
Published: August 2014

Background

Obesity is one of the leading health risks worldwide, and depression is among the leading causes of the burden of disease. These disorders are increasingly prevalent as comorbidities. Depressive symptoms are associated with obesity, and are more common in women.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of ear acupuncture for obesity on the depression of obese women.

Methods

After baseline testing, 30 eligible patients with body mass index (BMI) >29.9 kg/m2 were included. The Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI-PC) was used to assess changes in depression. BMI was also measured. Patients had six ear acupuncture sessions, every 15 days and were followed up for 3 months. Twenty four patients completed the study.

Results

The mean±SD age of patients was 42.9±9.0 years. Their mean±SD BMI was 39.0±4.7 kg/m2 before acupuncture, decreasing to 37.2±4.3 kg/m2 after acupuncture therapy (p<0.001). The mean depression score was 4.4±2.3 before acupuncture, decreasing to 2.7±1.4 (p<0.001) after treatment. There was no significant correlation between BMI and depression score before acupuncture therapy (p=0.104). After acupuncture therapy, no significant correlation was found between the percentage reduction of BMI and percentage reduction of the depression score (p=0.119).

Conclusions

Further research into the effects of ear acupuncture in the management of obesity and depression is justified.
A classification of SU(d)-type C*-tensor categories
Authors: Jordans Bas P. A.
Published: August 2014

Kazhdan and Wenzl classified all rigid tensor categories with fusion ring isomorphic to the fusion ring of the group SU(d). In this paper we consider the C*-analogue of this problem. Given a rigid C*-tensor category 𝒞 with fusion ring isomorphic to the fusion ring of the group SU(d), we can extract a constant q from 𝒞 such that there exists a *-representation of the Hecke algebra Hn(q) into 𝒞. The categorical trace on 𝒞 induces a Markov trace on Hn(q). Using this Markov trace and a representation of Hn(q) in [Formula: see text] we show that 𝒞 is equivalent to a twist of the category [Formula: see text]. Furthermore a sufficient condition on a C*-tensor category 𝒞 is given for existence of an embedding of a twist of [Formula: see text] in 𝒞.
A Kadison–Kastler row metric and intermediate subalgebras
Authors: Dickson Liam
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we introduce a row version of Kadison and Kastler's metric on the set of C*-subalgebras of [Formula: see text]. By showing C*-algebras have row length (in the sense of Pisier) of at most 2 we show that the row metric is equivalent to the original Kadison–Kastler metric. Ino and Watatani have recently proved that in certain circumstances sufficiently close intermediate C*-algebras occur as small unitary perturbations. By adjusting their arguments to work with the row metric we are able to obtain universal constants independent of inclusions.
Analysis and optimization of cross-immunity epidemic model on complex networks
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhang Hao , Wu Yin-Hua , Feng Wei-Qiang , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2014

There are various infectious diseases in real world, and these diseases often spread on a network of population and compete for the limited hosts. Cross-immunity is an important disease competing pattern, which has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, we discovered an important conclusion for two cross-immunity epidemics on a network. When the infectious ability of the second epidemic takes a fixed value, the infectious ability of the first epidemic has an optimal value which minimizes the sum of the infection sizes of the two epidemics. We also proposed a simple mathematical analysis method for the infection size of the second epidemic using the cavity method. The proposed method and conclusion are verified by simulation results. Minor inaccuracies of the existing mathematical methods for the infection size of the second epidemic are also found and discussed in experiments, which have not been noticed in existing research.
Probing the matter and dark energy sources in a viable Big Rip model of the Universe
Authors: Kumar Suresh
Published: August 2014

Chevallier–Polarski–Linder (CPL) parametrization for the equation of state (EoS) of dark energy in terms of cosmic redshift or scale factor have been frequently studied in the literature. In this study, we consider cosmic time-based CPL parametrization for the EoS parameter of the effective cosmic fluid that fills the fabric of spatially flat and homogeneous Robertson–Walker (RW) spacetime in General Relativity. The model exhibits two worthy features: (i) It fits the observational data from the latest H(z) and Union 2.1 SN Ia compilations matching the success of ΛCDM model. (ii) It describes the evolution of the Universe from the matter-dominated phase to the recent accelerating phase similar to the ΛCDM model but leads to Big Rip end of the Universe contrary to the everlasting de Sitter expansion in the ΛCDM model. We investigate the matter and dark energy sources in the model, in particular, behavior of the dynamical dark energy responsible for the Big Rip end of Universe.
Refractive index changes in constant total effective length GaN/AlN multiple quantum well systems under external electric field
Authors: Solaimani M.
Published: August 2014

In this work we have investigated the effect of external electric field on the electronic structure and refractive index changes of a GaN/AlN constant total effective length multiple quantum well. A decreasing oscillatory behavior for energy levels was seen when the electric field increased and in some energy values the energy levels intersected. By increasing the number of wells, oscillator strength dropped suddenly and moved to higher electric field in a critical electric field. By using the number of wells and the total length of the structure as two tuning tools, we were able to select our previously determined critical electric field.
Scattering of a discrete soliton by impurity in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Al-Marzoug S. M.
Published: August 2014

Scattering of a discrete soliton by a single impurity in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate is investigated numerically. The results show that the increase of the strength of dipolar interactions leads to repeated reflection, transmission and trapping regions due to energy exchange between the center of mass motion and the internal modes of the impurity. However, increasing the strength of the attractive nonlocal dipole–dipole interaction will result in different scattering windows. While the dipole–dipole interaction can significantly expand the trapping region of the system, nevertheless transmission resonances through the impurity are still observed.
TRANSFER LEARNING FOR CONTINUOUS STATE AND ACTION SPACES
Authors: GARCÍA ESTEBAN O. , MUNOZ DE COTE ENRIQUE , MORALES EDUARDO F.
Published: August 2014

Transfer learning focuses on developing methods to reuse information gathered from a source task in order to improve the learning performance in a related task. In this work, we present a novel approach to transfer knowledge between tasks in a reinforcement learning (RL) framework with continuous states and actions, where the transition and policy functions are approximated by Gaussian processes. The novelty in the proposed approach lies in the idea of transferring information about the hyper-parameters of the state transition function from the source task, which represents qualitative knowledge about the type of transition function that the target task might have, constraining the search space and accelerating the learning process. We performed experiments on relevant tasks for RL, which show a clear improvement in the overall performance when compared to state-of-the-art reinforcement learning and transfer learning algorithms for continuous state and action spaces.
The E6 state sum invariant of lens spaces
Authors: Okazaki Kenta
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we calculate the values of the E6 state sum invariant for the lens spaces L(p, q). In particular, we show that the values of the invariant are determined by p mod 12 and q mod (p, 12). As a corollary, we show that the E6 state sum is a homotopy invariant for the oriented lens spaces.
A Simple Comparative Analysis of Exact and Approximate Quantum Error Correction
Authors: Cafaro Carlo , van Loock Peter
Published: August 2014

We present a comparative analysis of exact and approximate quantum error correction by means of simple unabridged analytical computations. For the sake of clarity, using primitive quantum codes, we study the exact and approximate error correction of the two simplest unital (Pauli errors) and nonunital (non-Pauli errors) noise models, respectively. The similarities and differences between the two scenarios are stressed. In addition, the performances of quantum codes quantified by means of the entanglement fidelity for different recovery schemes are taken into consideration in the approximate case. Finally, the role of self-complementarity in approximate quantum error correction is briefly addressed.
Information Dissipation in Random Quantum Networks
Authors: Farooq Umer , Mancini Stefano
Published: August 2014

We study the information dynamics in a network of spin-1/2 particles when edges representing XY interactions are randomly added to a disconnected graph according to a probability distribution characterized by a “weighting” parameter. In this way, we model dissipation of information initially localized in a single or in two qubits all over the network. We then show the dependence of this phenomenon on the weighting parameter and the size of the network.
The role of stress on chemical compaction of illite shale powder
Authors: Bruijn Rolf H. C. , Almqvist Bjarne S. G.
Published: August 2014

Experimental compaction curves for mud are key factors in sedimentary basin models but they are poor at predicting porosity evolution beyond 2.5 km depth, where chemical compaction dominates shale diagenesis. This study presents the results of experimental simulation of diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism of an illite shale powder. By applying amphibolite facies conditions using high-pressure–high-temperature deformation apparatus, the transformation of illite to phengite that takes place under anchizone and epizone metamorphic conditions could be accelerated and completed within laboratory timescales. In accordance with observation of naturally compacted shales, our experimentally compacted metapelites range in porosity from 1% to 16% and contain authigenic phengite, biotite, and quartz. By compacting illite shale powder under both lithostatic and non-lithostatic conditions, the role of stress or tectonic forces during diagenesis could be evaluated. Based on microstructural and chemical similarities we infer that both types of samples compact in the same way, indicating that chemical compaction is unaffected by differential stress. Basin evolution models can therefore extend the 1D generalization of the stress field to depths where chemical compaction takes place. However, as chemical compaction enhances mineral alignment, anisotropy of physical properties such as permeability and sonic velocities can change substantially.
Kcnj10 is a major type of K+ channel in mouse corneal epithelial cells and plays a role in initiating EGFR signaling
Authors: Wang Lijun , Zhang Chengbiao , Su Xiaotong , Lin Daohong
Published: August 2014

We used primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) to examine the role of Kcnj10 in determining membrane K+ conductance and cell membrane potential and in regulating EGF/TGFA release. Western blot, immunostaining, and RT-PCR detected the expression of Kcnj10 in mouse cornea. The single channel recording identified the 20-pS inwardly rectifying K+ channels in pMCE of WT mice, but these channels were absent in Kcnj10 −/−. Moreover, the whole cell recording demonstrates that deletion of Kcnj10 largely abolished the inward K+ currents and depolarized the cell membrane K+ reversal potential (an index of the cell membrane potential). This suggests that Kcnj10 is a main contributor to the cell K+ conductance and it is pivotal in generating membrane potential in cornea. Furthermore, to test the hypothesis that Kcnj10 expression plays a key role in the stimulation of growth factors release, we employed an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE) transfected with siRNA-Kcnj10 or siRNA-control. Levels of TGFA and EGF secreted in the medium were measured by ELISA. Coimmunoprecipitation, biotinylation, and pull-down assay were used to examine the expression of EGFR and the GTP bound form of Rac1 (active Rac1). Downregulation of Kcnj10 activated Rac1 and enhanced EGF/TGFA release, which further contributed to the upregulation of EGFR phosphorylation and surface expression. We conclude that Kcnj10 is a main K+ channel expressed in corneal epithelial cells and the inhibition of Kcnj10 resulted in depolarization, which in turn induced an EGF-like effect.
Disinhibition of the midbrain colliculi unmasks coordinated autonomic, respiratory, and somatomotor responses to auditory and visual stimuli
Authors: Müller-Ribeiro Flávia C. F. , Dampney Roger A. L. , McMullan Simon , Fontes Marco A. P. , Goodchild Ann K.
Published: August 2014

The midbrain superior and inferior colliculi have critical roles in generating coordinated orienting or defensive behavioral responses to environmental stimuli, and it has been proposed that neurons within the colliculi can also generate appropriate cardiovascular and respiratory responses to support such behavioral responses. We have previously shown that activation of neurons within a circumscribed region in the deep layers of the superior colliculus and in the central and external nuclei of the inferior colliculus can evoke a response characterized by intense and highly synchronized bursts of renal sympathetic nerve activity and phrenic nerve activity. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that, under conditions in which collicular neurons are disinhibited, coordinated cardiovascular, somatomotor, and respiratory responses can be evoked by natural environmental stimuli. In response to natural auditory, visual, or somatosensory stimuli, powerful synchronized increases in sympathetic, respiratory, and somatomotor activity were generated following blockade of GABAA receptors in a specific region in the midbrain colliculi of anesthetized rats, but not under control conditions. Such responses still occurred after removal of most of the forebrain, including the amygdala and hypothalamus, indicating that the essential pathways mediating these coordinated responses were located within the brain stem. The temporal relationships between the different outputs suggest that they are driven by a common population of “command neurons” within the colliculi.
PARP1-Driven Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Sofotasiou Maria , Papadopoulou Vasiliki , Polonyfi Katerina , Iliakis Theodoros , Viniou Nora-Athina
Published: August 2014

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is considered a malignancy resulting from defects in apoptosis. For this reason, targeting apoptotic pathways in CLL may be valuable for its management. Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) is the main member of a family of nuclear enzymes that act as DNA damage sensors. Through binding on DNA damaged structures, PARP1 recruits repair enzymes and serves as a survival factor, but if the damage is severe enough, its action may lead the cell to apoptosis through caspase activation, or necrosis. We measured thePARP1mRNA and protein pretreatment levels in 26 patients with CLL and the corresponding posttreatment levels in 15 patients after 3 cycles of immunochemotherapy, as well as in 15 healthy blood donors. No difference was found between the pre- and posttreatment levels of PARP1, but we found a statistically significant relative increase of the 89 kDa fragment of PARP1 that is cleaved by caspases in the posttreatment samples, indicating PARP1-related apoptosis in CLL patients after treatment. Our findings constitute an important step in the field, especially in the era of PARP1 inhibitors, and may serve as a base for future clinical trials with these agents in CLL.
Weighted Composition Operator from Mixed Norm Space to Bloch-Type Space on the Unit Ball
Authors: Liang Yu-Xia , Chen Ren-Yu
Published: August 2014

We discuss the boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition operator from mixed norm space to Bloch-type space on the unit ball ofCn.
Evaluation of Pain Regression in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction Treated by Intra-Articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Pihut M. , Szuta M. , Ferendiuk E. , Zeńczak-Więckiewicz D.
Published: August 2014

Objective.The objective of this study was to evaluate the regression of temporomandibular pain as a result of intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction previously subjected to prosthetic treatment.Materials and Methods.The baseline study material consisted of 10 patients, both males and females, aged 28 to 53 years, previously treated due to painful temporomandibular joint dysfunction using occlusal splints. All patients were carried out to a specialist functional assessment of the dysfunction using the Polish version of the RDC/TMD questionnaire axis I and II. Intra-articular injections were preceded by a preparation of PRP. The injection sites were determined by the method used during arthroscopic surgical procedures. Following aspiration, 0.5 mL of plasma was injected into each temporomandibular joint.Results.The comparison of the intensity of pain during all examinations suggests a beneficial effect of the procedure being performed as the mean VAS score was 6.5 at examination I, 2.8 at examination II, and 0.6 at examination III.Conclusion.Application of the intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma into the temporomandibular joints has a positive impact on the reduction of the intensity of pain experienced by patients treated for temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
Competing Deactivation Channels for Excitedπ-Stacked Cytosines
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Hong Huiling , Wang Gang , Zhang Wenying , Dou Yusheng , Lo Glenn V.
Published: August 2014

The deactivation ofπ-stacked cytosine molecules following excitation by ultrashort laser pulses was studied using semiclassical dynamics simulations. Another deactivation channel was found to compete with a previously reported path that led to dimerization. For both pathways, the initial excited state was found to form a charge-separated neutral exciton state, which forms an excimer state by charge transfer. When the interbase distance becomes less than 3 Å, charge recombination occurs due to strong intermolecular interaction, ultimately leading to an avoided crossing. Results indicate that the C2–N1–C6–C5andC2′–N1′–C6′–C5′dihedral angles play a significant role in the vibronic coupling between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Vibrational energy distribution determines the fate of the excimer at the avoided crossing. Higher-amplitude vibration of C5or C6atoms leads to a nonadiabatic transition to the electronic ground state (a photophysical pathway); otherwise, a chemical reaction leading to the formation of cyclobutane type dimer occurs as found in earlier studies. The S1and S0potential energy surfaces calculated at TD-DFT level and the simulated trajectories were found to be consistent with CASPT2 results.
Optical, Electrical and Photocatalytic Properties of the Ternary SemiconductorsZnxCd1-xS,CuxCd1-xSandCuxZn1-xS
Authors: Mayén-Hernández Sandra Andrea , Santos-Cruz David , de Moure-Flores Francisco , Pérez-García Sergio Alfonso , Licea-Jiménez Liliana , Arenas-Arrocena Ma. Concepción , Coronel-Hernández José de Jesús , Santos-Cruz José
Published: August 2014

The effects of vacuum annealing at different temperatures on the optical, electrical and photocatalytic properties of polycrystalline and amorphous thin films of the ternary semiconductor alloysZnxCd1-xS,CuxCd1-xSandCuxZn1-xSwere investigated in stacks of binary semiconductors obtained by chemical bath deposition. The electrical properties were measured at room temperature using a four-contact probe in the Van der Pauw configuration. The energy band gap of the films varied from 2.30 to 2.85 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor thin films was evaluated by the degradation of an aqueous methylene blue solution. The thin film ofZnxCd1-xSannealed under vacuum at 300°C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity.
A Hybrid Grey Based KOHONEN Model and Biogeography-Based Optimization for Project Portfolio Selection
Authors: Faezy Razi Farshad , Eshlaghy Abbas Toloie , Nazemi Jamshid , Alborzi Mahmood , Pourebrahimi Alireza
Published: August 2014

The problem of selection and the best option are the main subject of operation research science in decision-making theory. Selection is a process that scrutinizes and investigates several quantitative and qualitative, and most often incompatible, factors. One of the most fundamental management issues in multicriteria selection literature is the multicriteria adoption of the projects portfolio. In such decision-making condition, manager is seeking for the best combination to build up a portfolio among the existing projects. In the present paper, KOHONEN algorithm was first employed to build up a portfolio of the projects. Next, each portfolio was evaluated using grey relational analysis (GRA) and then scheduled risk of the project was predicted using Mamdani fuzzy inference method. Finally, the multiobjective biogeography-based optimization algorithm was utilized for drawing risk and rank Pareto analysis. A case study is used concurrently to show the efficiency of the proposed model.
Fungal Exposure and Low Levels of IL-10 in Patients with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Terčelj Marjeta , Stopinšek Sanja , Ihan Alojz , Salobir Barbara , Simčič Saša , Rylander Ragnar
Published: August 2014

Background and Objectives. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies have shown a relation between the degree of granuloma infiltration and serum cytokine levels, except for interleukin- (IL-) 10. The aim of the study was to further investigate the serum levels of IL-10 in patients with sarcoidosis and relate them to fungal exposure in terms of the amount of fungi in the air of their homes andβ-glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.Methods. Patients with sarcoidosis (n=71) and healthy controls (n=27) were enrolled. IL-10 was determined in serum. BAL was performed and the amount ofβ-glucan was measured. Domestic exposure to fungi was determined by measuring airborneβ-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) in the bedrooms.Results. At high levels of fungal exposure (domestic fungal exposure andβ-glucan in BAL), serum IL-10 values were lower than at low and intermediate exposure levels.Conclusion. The low serum IL-10 values at high fungal exposure suggest that fungal cell wall agents play a role in granuloma formation in sarcoidosis by inhibiting the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
An Improved Differential Evolution Method Based on the Dynamic Search Strategy to Solve Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem with Valve-Point Effects
Authors: Chen Guangyu , Ding Xiaoqun
Published: August 2014

An improved differential evolution (DE) method based on the dynamic search strategy (IDEBDSS) is proposed to solve dynamic economic dispatch problem with valve-point effects in this paper. The proposed method combines the DE algorithm with the dynamic search strategy, which improves the performance of the algorithm. DE is the main optimizer in the method proposed. While chaotic sequences are applied to obtain the dynamic parameter settings in DE, dynamic search strategy which consists of two steps, global search strategy and local search strategy, is used to improve algorithm efficiency. To accelerate convergence, a new infeasible solution handing method is adopted in the local search strategy; meanwhile, an orthogonal crossover (OX) operator is added to the global search strategy to enhance the optimization search ability. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods are demonstrated by three test systems, and the simulation results reveal that the IDEBDSS method can obtain better solutions with higher efficiency than the standard DE and other methods reported in the recent literature.
Improved Bat Algorithm Applied to Multilevel Image Thresholding
Authors: Alihodzic Adis , Tuba Milan
Published: August 2014

Multilevel image thresholding is a very important image processing technique that is used as a basis for image segmentation and further higher level processing. However, the required computational time for exhaustive search grows exponentially with the number of desired thresholds. Swarm intelligence metaheuristics are well known as successful and efficient optimization methods for intractable problems. In this paper, we adjusted one of the latest swarm intelligence algorithms, the bat algorithm, for the multilevel image thresholding problem. The results of testing on standard benchmark images show that the bat algorithm is comparable with other state-of-the-art algorithms. We improved standard bat algorithm, where our modifications add some elements from the differential evolution and from the artificial bee colony algorithm. Our new proposed improved bat algorithm proved to be better than five other state-of-the-art algorithms, improving quality of results in all cases and significantly improving convergence speed.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis and Synchronization of Four-Dimensional Lorenz-Stenflo System and Its Circuit Experimental Implementation
Authors: Yang Cheng-Hsiung , Wu Cheng-Lin
Published: August 2014

Recently many chaotic systems’ circuits are designed to generate phenomenon of chaos signals. The ability to synchronize chaotic circuits opens a great number of ways to use them in application signals masking. In this paper, first a new nonlinear chaotic dynamical system had be design, analyze and build circuit. Second, using GYC, partial region stability theory is applied to adaptive control for two identical chaotic systems with uncertain parameters. The results of numerical simulation are performed to verify examples of the proposed nonlinear controllers.
Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
Authors: Ngan Cheng Loong , Basri Mahiran , Tripathy Minaketan , Abedi Karjiban Roghayeh , Abdul-Malek Emilia
Published: August 2014

Fullerene nanoemulsions were formulated in palm kernel oil esters stabilized by low amount of mixed nonionic surfactants. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were established in the colloidal system of PKOEs/Tween 80 : Span 80/water incorporated with fullerene as antioxidant. Preformulation was subjected to combination of high and low energy emulsification methods and the physicochemical characteristics of fullerene nanoemulsions were analyzed using electroacoustic spectrometer. Oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions with particle sizes in the range of 70–160 nm were formed. The rheological characteristics of colloidal systems exhibited shear thinning behavior which fitted well into the power law model. The effect of xanthan gum (0.2–1.0%, w/w) and beeswax (1–3%, w/w) in the estimation of thermodynamics was further studied. From the energetic parameters calculated for the viscous flow, a moderate energy barrier for transport process was observed. Thermodynamic study showed that the enthalpy was positive in all xanthan gum and beeswax concentrations indicating that the formation of nanoemulsions could be endothermic in nature. Fullerene nanoemulsions with 0.6% or higher xanthan gum content were found to be stable against creaming and flocculation when exposed to extreme environmental conditions.
Outcome in Women with Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: de Guise Elaine , LeBlanc Joanne , Dagher Jehane , Tinawi Simon , Lamoureux Julie , Marcoux Judith , Maleki Mohammed , Feyz Mitra
Published: August 2014

Background. The aim of this study was to compare acute outcome between men and women after sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods. A total of 5,642 patients admitted to the Traumatic Brain Injury Program of the McGill University Health Centre-Montreal General Hospital between 2000 and 2011 and diagnosed with a TBI were included in the study. The overall percentage of women with TBI was 30.6% (n= 1728). Outcome measures included the length of stay (LOS), the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), the functional independence measure instrument (FIM), discharge destination, and mortality rate. Results. LOS, GOSE, the FIM ratings, and discharge destination did not show significant differences between genders once controlling for several confounding variables and running the appropriate diagnostic tests (P<0.05). However, women had less chance of dying during their acute care hospitalization than men of the same age, with the same TBI severity and following the same mechanism of injury. Although gender was a statistically significant predictor, its contribution in explaining variation in mortality was small. Conclusion. More research is needed to better understand gender differences in mortality; as to date, the research findings remain inconclusive.
The Oscillation of a Class of the Fractional-Order Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Lu Qianli , Cen Feng
Published: August 2014

Several oscillation results are proposed including necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of fractional-order delay differential equations with constant coefficients, the sufficient or necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of fractional-order delay differential equations by analysis method, and the sufficient or necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of delay partial differential equation with three different boundary conditions. For this,α-exponential function which is a kind of functions that play the same role of the classical exponential functions of fractional-order derivatives is used.
Transgenic Rat Model of Huntington’s Disease: A Histopathological Study and Correlations with Neurodegenerative Process in the Brain of HD Patients
Authors: Mazurová Yvona , Anderova Miroslava , Němečková Ivana , Bezrouk Aleš
Published: August 2014

Rats transgenic for Huntington’s disease (tgHD51 CAG rats), surviving up to two years, represent an animal model of HD similar to the late-onset form of human disease. This enables us to follow histopathological changes in course of neurodegenerative process (NDP) within the striatum and compare them with postmortem samples of human HD brains. A basic difference between HD pathology in human and tgHD51 rats is in the rate of NDP progression that originates primarily from slow neuronal degeneration consequently resulting in lesser extent of concomitant reactive gliosis in the brain of tgHD51 rats. Although larger amount of striatal neurons displays only gradual decrease in their size, their number is significantly reduced in the oldest tgHD51 rats. Our quantitative analysis proved that the end of the first year represents the turn in the development of morphological changes related to the progression of NDP in tgHD51 rats. Our data also support the view that all types of CNS glial cells play an important, irreplaceable role in NDP. To the best of our knowledge, our findings are the first to document that tgHD51 CAG rats can be used as a valid animal model for detailed histopathological studies related to HD in human.
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in an ALL Child during Maintenance Therapy Treated Successfully with Intravenous Ganciclovir
Authors: Celiker Hande , Karaaslan Ayse , Kepenekli Kadayifci Eda , Atici Serkan , Soysal Ahmet , Kazokoglu Haluk , Koc Ahmet
Published: August 2014

Purpose.In here we described cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in 12-year-old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who was on maintenance phase therapy.Methods.He was referred to our clinic for seeing of spots with the right eye for 3 days. At presentation, his best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination of the anterior chamber of the left eye was within normal limits, whereas we observed 3+ anterior chamber cellular reaction in the right eye. On retinal examination, we found active retinitis lesions (cream-colored lesions associated with hemorrhages) and perivascular cuffing in the retinal periphery in the right eye. Left eye was normal.Results.On the basis of clinical picture, we made the diagnosis of CMVR in the right eye. Vitreous aspiration was performed and 23096 copies/mL of CMV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ganciclovir for two weeks and discharged with oral valganciclovir prophylaxis.Conclusion.CMVR should be in mind in children with ALL on maintenance phase therapy even in those without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These patients can be treated successfully by intravenous ganciclovir alone.
Cytotoxicity Studies of Novel Combretastatin and Pterostilbene Derivatives
Authors: Jakubowska Joanna , Mikuła-Pietrasik Justyna , Książek Krzysztof , Krawczyk Hanna
Published: August 2014

We synthesised seven 2-aminestilbenes with methoxy substitents in reactions of dinitrostilbenes with sodium azide. In order to study the positioning of the nitro groups, the optimum structure of obtained stilbenes using the DFT B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p) method was calculated. Very interesting aspect of this regioselectivity reaction is the fact that in all substrates and synthetized compounds the nitro groups in position 2 were not coplanar whereas thepara-nitro groups were coplanar with respect to the benzene ring. Due to unique features of stilbene derivatives, such as antitumor agents, we undertook the studies on the biological properties of new stilbene derivatives. Using five cancer cell lines, we investigated the effects of 2-aminestilbenes with methoxy substitents on cell growth.
Generalized Fuzzy Shapley Function for Fuzzy Games
Authors: Tan Chunqiao , Chen Xiaohong
Published: August 2014

A generalized fuzzy Shapley function for fuzzy games is proposed. First, a game with fuzzy characteristic function is introduced. Based on Hukuhara difference, the fuzzy Hukuhara-Shapley function is proposed as a solution concept to this class of fuzzy games. Some of its properties are shown. An equivalent axiomatic characterization of the fuzzy Hukuhara-Shapley function is given. Furthermore, a generalized fuzzy Shapley function for games with fuzzy coalition and fuzzy characteristic function is developed. It is shown that the simplified expression of the generalized fuzzy Shapley function can be regarded as the generalization of the fuzzy Shapley function defined for some particular games with fuzzy coalition and fuzzy characteristic function.
Giant Malignant Pheochromocytoma with Palpable Rib Metastases
Authors: Korgali Esat , Dundar Gokce , Gokce Gokhan , Kilicli Fatih , Elagoz Sahande , Ayan Semih , Gultekin Emin Yener
Published: August 2014

Pheochromocytoma is a rare and usually benign neuroendocrine neoplasm. Only 10% of all these tumors are malignant and there are no definitive histological or cytological criteria of malignancy. Single malignancy criteria are the presence of advanced locoregional disease or metastases. We report a case, with a giant retroperitoneal tumor having multiple metastases including palpable rib metastases, who was diagnosed as a malignant pheochromocytoma. The patient was treated with surgery. The literature was reviewed to evaluate tumor features and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for patients with metastatic or potentially malignant pheochromocytoma.
Fabricating Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Microcomponent by Suction Casting Using Silicon Micromold
Authors: Zhu Zhijing , Yi Chuanyun , Shi Tielin , Gao Yang , Wen Chi , Liao Guanglan
Published: August 2014

A suction casting process for fabricating Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 bulk metallic glass microcomponent using silicon micromold has been studied. A complicated BMG microgear with 50 μm in module has been cast successfully. Observed by scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy, we find that the cast microgear duplicates the silicon micromold including the microstructure on the surface. The amorphous state of the microgear is confirmed by transmission election microscopy. The nanoindentation hardness and elasticity modulus of the microgear reach 6.5 GPa and 94.5 GPa. The simulation and experimental results prove that the suction casting process with the silicon micromold is a promising one-step method to fabricate bulk metallic glass microcomponents with high performance for applications in microelectromechanical system.