bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of empagliflozin vs metformin on endothelial microparticles in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Javed Zeeshan , Papageorgiou Maria , Madden Leigh A , Rigby Alan S , Kilpatrick Eric S , Atkin Stephen L , Sathyapalan Thozhukat
Published: May 2020

Context

Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are novel, surrogate biomarkers of endothelial function and have been shown to be elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It remains poorly understood how pharmacological options for managing PCOS affect EMP levels.

Objective

To characterise and compare the effects of empagliflozin vs metformin on the circulating levels of EMPs in overweight/obese women with PCOS.

Methods

This was a randomised, comparative, 12-week single-centre trial conducted at the Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Hull, UK. This analysis includes data from 39 overweight/obese women with PCOS who completed the study and were randomised to empagliflozin (15 mg/day) (n = 19) or metformin (1500 mg/day) (n = 20). Blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment and analysed for specific surface proteins (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, E-selectin and endoglin) expressed by circulating EMPs using flow cytometry.

Results

In the empagliflozin group, ICAM-1 (P = 0.006), E-selectin (P = 0.016) and VCAM-1 (P = 0.001) EMPs increased significantly following 12 weeks of treatment, but no changes were seen in PECAM-1 (P = 0.93) or endoglin (P = 0.13) EMPs. In the metformin group, VCAM-1 EMPs (P < 0.001) increased significantly after 12 weeks of treatment, whereas all other EMPs remained unchanged. When data were expressed as percentage change from baseline in each group, no significant differences were seen between groups for any biomarker (P-values from 0.22 to 0.80).

Conclusions

Short-term administration of empagliflozin and metformin in overweight/obese women with PCOS appear to increase EMPs expressed by endothelial cells during their activation.
Etomidate infusion at low doses is an effective and safe treatment for severe Cushing’s syndrome outside intensive care
Authors: Constantinescu Stefan M , Driessens Natacha , Lefebvre Aurélie , Furnica Raluca M , Corvilain Bernard , Maiter Dominique
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Intravenous etomidate infusion is effective to rapidly lower cortisol levels in severe Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recently, etomidate treatment has also been proposed at lower doses in non-ICU wards, but it is not yet clear how this approach compares to ICU treatment.

Methods

We compared data from patients with severe CS treated with high starting doses of etomidate (median: 0.30 mg/kg BW/day) in ICU or with lower starting doses (median: 0.025 mg/kg BW/day) in non-ICU medical wards.

Results

Fourteen patients were included, among which ten were treated with low starting doses (LD) and four with high starting doses etomidate (HD). All patients had severe and complicated CS related to adrenal carcinoma (n = 8) or ectopic ACTH secretion (n = 6). Etomidate was effective in reducing cortisol levels below 500 nmol/L in a median of 1 day in the HD group compared to 3 days in the LD group (P = 0.013). However, all patients of the HD group had etomidate-induced cortisol insufficiency and needed frequent monitoring, while no patient from the LD group required hydrocortisone supplementation. No patient in either group died from complications of CS or etomidate treatment, but final outcome was poor as six patients in the LD group and all four patients in the HD group died from their cancer during follow-up.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that, for patients with severe CS who do not require intensive organ-supporting therapy, the use of very low doses of etomidate in medical wards should be considered.
A translational cellular model for the study of peritubular cells of the testis
Authors: Schmid Nina , Missel Annika , Petkov Stoyan , Stöckl Jan B , Flenkenthaler Florian , Arnold Georg J , Fröhlich Thomas , Behr Rüdiger , Mayerhofer Artur
Published: May 2020

Testicular peritubular cells (TPCs) are smooth muscle-like cells, which form a compartment surrounding the seminiferous tubules. Previous studies employing isolated human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) indicated that their roles in the testis go beyond sperm transport and include paracrine and immunological contributions. Peritubular cells from a non-human primate (MKTPCs), the common marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus, share a high degree of homology with HTPCs. However, like their human counterparts these cells age in vitro and replicative senescence limits in-depth functional or mechanistic studies. Therefore, a stable cellular model was established. MKTPCs of a young adult animal were immortalized by piggyBac transposition of human telomerase (hTERT), that is, without the expression of viral oncogenes. Immortalized MKTPCs (iMKTPCs) grew without discernable changes for more than 50 passages. An initial characterization revealed typical genes expressed by peritubular cells (androgen receptor (AR), smooth-muscle actin (ACTA2), calponin (CNN1)). A proteome analysis of the primary MKTPCs and the derived immortalized cell line confirmed that the cells almost completely retained their phenotype. To test whether they respond in a similar way as HTPCs, iMKTPCs were challenged with forskolin (FSK) and ATP. As HTPCs, they showed increased expression level of the StAR protein (StAR) after FSK stimulation, indicating steroidogenic capacity. ATP increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (e.g. IL1B; CCL7), as it is the case in HTPCs. Finally, we confirmed that iMKTPCs can efficiently be transfected. Therefore, they represent a highly relevant translational model, which allows mechanistic studies for further exploration of the roles of testicular peritubular cells.
What Happens in (the) Vagus, Stays in (the) Vagus
Authors: Shah Shawn , Derryberry Stephen , Teman Nicholas , Tribble Curt
Published: May 2020

Many cardiothoracic operations put the nerves of the thorax at risk. In fact, nerve injuries are one of the most common reasons cited in malpractice cases brought against cardiothoracic surgeons. While all physicians learn about the nerves of the thorax during anatomy courses in medical school, little is written about avoiding injury to these important nerves in the cardiothoracic surgical literature. We have, therefore, embarked on an effort to collate information on the anatomy, function, and protection of these nerves, with which every cardiothoracic surgeon should be familiar. We will call this effort “The Nerve Protection Project.” Acknowledging that the material to be covered is considerable, we will break the project into a series of editorials. The first installment in this series will address the anatomy and function of the vagus nerve and the protection of this nerve and its branches during cardiothoracic surgical operations, as they are in harm’s way during many of these procedures.
Fatores associados ao absenteísmo-doença de trabalhadores da saúde: revisão de escopo
Authors: Paiva Larissa Garcia , Dalmolin Graziele De Lima , Andolhe Rafaela , Dos Santos Wendel Mombaque
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao absenteísmo-doença de trabalhadores da saúde.Síntese de conteúdo: esta revisão de escopo da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Medline via PubMed incluiu 106 estudos, que totalizaram 388.381 profissionais de saúde. Foi identificado que os fatores individuais e interpessoais, relacionados ao cargo e à função, assim como os fatores ambientais e organizacionais influenciam a ocorrência do absenteísmo-doença no ambiente hospitalar.Conclusões: os fatores individuais e interpessoais, relacionados ao cargo e à função, assim como os fatores ambientais e organizacionais influenciam no absenteísmo-doença dos trabalhadores da saúde, com impacto tanto sobre a produtividade quanto sobre a continuidade da assistência prestada por esses profissionais. A ausência não programada destes leva à necessidade de contratação de outros servidores ou ao pagamento de horas excedentes para atender à demanda, o que pode agravar a situação econômica e financeira do sistema de saúde, e afetar diretamente a saúde de toda a população que depende desse sistema.
O trabalho no trânsito e a saúde dos motoristas de ônibus: estudo fenomenológico
Authors: De Alcantara Vanessa Carine Gil , Andrade Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Da Silva Dejanilton Melo , Flores Isadora Pinto
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: compreender as percepções dos motoristas de ônibus quanto às vivências no trabalho e aos impactos em seu corpo.Métodos: estudo descritivo pautado no pensamento do fenomenólogo Maurice Merleau-Ponty, realizado em uma garagem de ônibus, de julho 2017 a janeiro de 2018. Foram entrevistados 24 motoristas de ônibus, com mais de dois anos de profissão. As perguntas abertas do roteiro de entrevista fenomenológica possibilitaram a livre expressão dos significados do trabalho sobre a saúde.Resultados: as relações interpessoais no trânsito impactam diretamente o estado físico e psicológico, e a relação com o tempo influencia o comportamento dos condutores.Conclusão: melhorias no trabalho e nas relações interpessoais são necessárias a fim de garantir a preservação da saúde do motorista de ônibus, que é parte essencial no processo de deslocamento da população, e atenção à saúde mental dos motoristas é pouco valorizada, mas indispensável para o trabalho com pessoas.
Comunicación diádica temprana: microanálisis de ocho casos
Authors: Sanabria-León Jorge Rafael
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. La investigación caracteriza estilos de interacción mamá - bebé con el propósito de identificar la construcción del vínculo diádico. Se enfatizan las Formas de Interacción como concepto central para la incorporación del sujeto a la comunicación y luego al lenguaje. Método. Registros de interacciones naturales de ocho díadas a las seis semanas, seis meses y un año de vida infantil, identifican la constitución progresiva del sistema de comunicación diádico. Resultados. La elucidación de signos corporales y el surgimiento de la regulación emocional a las seis semanas, el juego con escenas sociales a los seis meses y la instauración del campo semántico diádico al año son rasgos destacados que se concatenan entre sí durante el proceso. La triangulación con el entorno social es una constante en la interacción.
Molecular detection of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia felis in human keratoconjunctivitis cases
Authors: Jazi S. , Mokhtari A. , Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi A.
Published: May 2020

Given the high incidence of keratoconjunctivitis in Iran (approximately 3.6–53.9%) and low efficiency of clinical diagnostic measures, application of laboratory tests for detection of different keratoconjunctivitis/conjunctivitis causes and determination of their accurate prevalence is essential. In this research, conjunctival samples were collected from 100 patients with keratoconjunctivitis signs referred to an eye hospital of Iran. After DNA extraction, PCR was carried out for detection of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia felis. PCR positive products were further subjected for DNA sequencing. In this study, one sample was Chlamydia psittaci positive and none was positive for Chlamydia felis. There wasn’t a statistically significant relationship between working in the field of veterinary medicine or keeping a pet and Chlamydia psittaci prevalence (P>0.05). This study showed a low rate of chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis and therefore further studies for detection of other causes are necessary.
Glucose related endocrine and metabolic responses following bolus intravenous hypertonic dextrose administration in Iranian fat-tailed ewes at different pre and post parturition periods
Authors: Chalmeh A. , Mirzaei A. , Pourjafar M. , Badiei K. , Mazrouei Sebdani M. , Saadat Akhtar I. , Hadi Zarei M.
Published: May 2020

Providing glucose as primary metabolic fuel for maintenance, foetal growth and milk production may be considered necessary for protection against negative energy balance and metabolic disorders. Five adult Ghezel ewes were selected 4 weeks before their parturition and followed at 2 weeks before, 2 and 4 weeks and 2, 3 and 4 months after parturition. Dextrose 50% was administered at 500 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg/hour, and blood samples were collected from all ewes prior to and 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after 50% dextrose infusion. Serum levels of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, high, low and very low density lipoproteins, insulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, prolactin, cortisol and insulin like growth factor-1 were evaluated. Glucose and insulin were increased significantly and immediately following intravenous dextrose administration at all studied periods. The levels of beta-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids were significantly decreased following dextrose infusion at all periods. Triiodothyronine was decreased in pregnant ewes and increased in non-pregnant, lactating ones. The significant increasing cortisol patterns were detected at 2 and 4 weeks before and 2 and 4 weeks after parturition following dextrose administrations. The decreasing patterns of insulin like growth factor-1 were seen in all studied periods. Prolactin was significantly increased following dextrose administration at 4 and 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after parturition. Bolus intravenous hypertonic dextrose administration could induce the obvious endocrine and metabolic responses in Ghezel ewes via providing a source of energy and the glucose is an important direct controller of metabolic interactions in Ghezel ewes.
Seroprevalence of equine herpes virus-1 in endemic area of Egypt with risk factors assessment
Authors: Ata E. Beshir , Salama A. , Zaghawa A. , Ghazy A. A. , Elsify A. , Nayel M. , Hegazy Y. , Abdel-Rahman E. H. , Warda S.
Published: May 2020

Although equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection occurs throughout the world; causing various health problems within horse population such as respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy, there is information shortage concerning the epidemiological situation of EHVs in Egypt. This paper is the first study of EHV-1 prevalence rate in Monufia province (as a model for other pro­vinces). During 2015, two hundred and seventy serum samples from EHV non-vaccinated horses were randomly collected from 9 centres of Monufia province. The indirect ELISA was used to detect the prevalence rate of the disease while assessment of the associated risk factors was conducted using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The results showed that EHV-1 infection was widespread among horses at Monufia province (apparent prevalence rate 64% and true prevalence rate 28%) and posed risk for the health of other equines in the region. Results of risk factors identification showed that horses > 5 years of age were at significant risk of getting EHV-1 infection than < 1-year-old horses (OR: 5; P<0.02), while males were twice more prone than females of getting the EHV-1 infection (OR: 2 and P<0.03). There was a significant effect of different localities on the prevalence of EHV-1 infection. The obtained results could be extrapolated to the different districts and governorates of Egypt because of the similarity of the husbandry system of equines all over Egypt.
Changes in blood enzyme activities and some liver parameters in goats with subclinical ketosis
Authors: Marutsova V. J. , Binev R. G.
Published: May 2020

The aim of the present study was to establish the changes in blood enzyme activities and some liver parameters in goats from the Saanen breed in different physiological conditions with subclinical ketosis (SCK). A total of 113 dairy goats with yearly milk yield of 680 L, in their 2nd to 3rd lactation were included in the study. The goats were divided in three groups: pregnant; recently kidded and lactating. Blood samples were obtained from all animals for determination of β-hydroxybutyrate (ВНВА), glucose (mmol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, U/L), alkaline phosphatase (AР, U/L), creatine kinase (CK, U/L), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT, U/L), total protein (TP, g/L), albumin (ALB, g/L) and total bilirubin (TB, μmol/L). The animals were classified as healthy (control) and with SCK according to their blood BHBA levels. Blood BHBA concentrations indicative for clinical ketosis (ВНВА <1.6 mmol/L) were not established in goats from the three groups. Blood biochemical analysis of activities of ASAT, ALAT, LDH, АP, CK and GGT in goats from the three groups with SCK demonstrated a various extent of statistically significant hyperenzymaemia vs control groups. The concentrations of total bilirubin were statistically significantly elevated vs healthy groups, while blood glucose, total protein and albumin values decreased, in result of the impaired liver function in goats with SCK.
Effects of humic substances with urea on protozoal population and fermentation in the rumen of sheep
Authors: Marcin A. , Bujňák L. , Mihok T. , Nad P.
Published: May 2020

The aim was to investigate the effects of humic substances (HS) combined with urea, on pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acids (∑VFA), protozoal population, amylolytic and cellulolytic activities in rumen fluid (RF) of 12 female crossbred merino sheep (n = 6 in experimental EG and control CG groups). The basic daily ration consisted of 1.25 kg grass hay, 0.25 kg cereal grains – equally wheat and barley (daily intake of crude protein 113.45 g, crude fibre 394.19 g, crude fat 17.27 g and ash 71.85 g) and 10 g urea. HS were applied at 20 g.day-1 per animal in EG on day 2–18. Increased protozoal cells (P<0.05) of Entodinium spp. by 243.19, of Diplodinium spp. by 5.11 and of Ophryoscolex spp. by 2.06 103.mL-1 were observed in EG on day 3. The effects on the amylolytic and cellulolytic activities as well as pH values were not significant. Ammonia was higher (P<0.05) in EG by 5.78 at 3 h and by 12.75 at 6 h on day 2, by 10.62 at 9 h on day 3, and by 7.84 mg.100 mL-1 at 6 h on day 4 after feeding. ∑VFA were increased (P<0.05) by 3.89 mmol.L-1 at 3 h on day 18 after feeding. The feed intake of HS combined with urea had significantly positive effects on the course of ammonia and protozoal population in RF.
‘Should Latinas go blond?’ Media representation and the regulation of Latina bodies and Latinas’ social and cultural practices in a beauty magazine
Authors: Rojas-Sosa Deyanira
Published: May 2020

In the United States, ‘Latinas’ is an ethnic category that includes a very diverse population. Since second- and third-generation Latinxs tend to be Englishdominant speakers, it is common to see publications in English that target this group. This study analyses how one of these publications, a beauty magazine for Latinas, uses different linguistic devices in their interviews and beauty advice columns to create a racially/ethnically homogeneous image of this community. My analysis focuses on this publication’s articles about hair, with particular attention to metaphors, the use of Spanish, and the indexicality of the term Latina itself. It shows that while characteristics of, and stereotypes about, Latinas are praised and celebrated, the advice offered contains instructions to regulate the Latina body to conform to beauty norms that are more valued in the United States, those associated with White women. Also, my analysis shows how this publication establishes different levels of Latinidad (Latinity) in which being too Latina represents traditional and primitive values that seem to be part of these Latinas’ imagined community’s heritage but not their own. I argue that these advice articles are intended to discursively create a Latina body acceptable to mainstream America; that while attempting to create a homogeneous image of Latinas, the publication paints a picture of tolerance toward Latinas that many of them do not experience; and that the articles do not take into account racial, social, ethnic and sexual differences among Latinas. I show how instead this publication seeks to regulate the Latina body and establish which Latinas’ social and cultural practices are acceptable for White America, so that they do not disrupt the predominant social order.
The Year in Review for Renal Cancer
Authors: Vaishampayan Ulka
Published: May 2020

The treatment of kidney cancer has made some remarkable strides over the last few years. Two regimens received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, multiple biomarkers were reported to show promise, and further enhancement and refinement of the prognostic characteristics occurred. The combinations of anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors have rapidly become the preferred therapies in the front-line setting of advanced renal cancer.
An early assessment of the efficacy of medicines in the treatment of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kolbin A. S.
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus infection 2019 is considered a modern challenge to the world community. In the absence of vaccines and antivirals, effective and safe medicines are an urgent request from the healthcare system. We have evaluated the medical technologies for COVID-19 which are being examined. The search was conducted on the СlinicalTrials.gov at the beginning of April 2020. As a result it was shown that the growth of new clinical trials in the world devoted to COVID-19 is growing by 65% per week. More often, interventional clinical trials of the II and III phases are carried out. Most studies are planned or conducted in Western Europe (n = 92), China (n = 79), and the United States (n = 51). Surrogate points are usually evaluated, such as: clinical recovery, symptom-based disease relief (fever, cough, diarrhea, myalgia, shortness of breath), lack of progression of shortness of breath, rate of artificial ventilation, rate of admission to the intensive care unit, etc. It is antimalarial drugs that are mainly studied. Currently, it is not possible to discuss the efficacy and safety of a drug in the treatment of COVID-19, as most studies have just begun. The therapeutic regimens proposed now in clinical recommendations have no evidence base, and the studies indicated in them are at best considered hypothesizing.
A survey of examining herd measles immunity in adults over 35 years old
Authors: Rubis L. V.
Published: May 2020

A high measles incidence rate has been registered in Russia in recent years, with adults being actively involved in the epidemic process (about 40% of patients), thereby underlying relevance of assessing herd immunity in different  age groups to measure its risk. The data on examining serum antibodies to measles virus in 402 residents of Petrozavodsk are shown: 164 and 238 subjects were born in 1948–1968 (51–71 years) and 1970–1983 (36–50 years), respectively. It was found that the second group had significantly higher percentage not only of seropositive persons (94.1±1.5 vs. 77.4±3.3%, respectively), but also frequency of detected high IgG level (5 and more IU/l) reaching 39.7±3.5 vs. 15.4±5.8%, respectively. Analysis of vaccination history showed that of 351 people with protective antibody levels, 20.9% were vaccinated once or twice, 14 of them in childhood and 63 within the 15 years prior to the study. Of the 51 people with no measles antibodies or below protective level, 13.7% were vaccinated: five in childhood, and two within the last 15 years. Among those who was born in 1948–1968, 87.1±2.2% provided no information about previous vaccinations and probably were not vaccinated. In this group, percentage of those examined with a protective antibody level was significantly higher than in the 36–50 years group — 87.1±2.2 and 62.2±4.3%, respectively. In addition, 23 subjects confirmed that they recovered after measles in childhood. Of these, antibodies were detected in 21 subjects, including 9 having serum titer at level of 5 or more IU/ml. Until 1969, the Republic of Karelia registered a high level of measles morbidity (477–2176,0 per 100 thousand). The predominance in the group born before 1969, individuals seropositive to measles mainly at high titer, indicates that intense post-infectious immunity was preserved. The lack of protective level of antibodies to measles virus in 22.6% of persons aged 36–50 years (1969–1983 year of birth), due to the low level of post-infectious and insufficient durability of post-vaccination immunity allowing to definer them as a high risk group for measles infection.
COVID-19: an updated review
Authors: Isihak F. A. , Hamad M. A. , Mustafa N. G.
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease that showed higher levels of transmissibility in humans. Coronavirus has the largest recognized genome (28–33 kb) of a positive-sense single stranded RNA. The genome composed of 5′-end, the translationable mRNA sequences for the key proteins; replicase, spike, envelop membrane, and nucleocapsid and 3′-end (polyA tail). This highly contagious virus may impair the immune system in the early phase of the disease, hence the symptoms of the disease appear very rapidly. Importantly until now, there is no efficient strategy for containing the disease. So, all the world scientists today are in a race against time to find a vaccine or treatment to COVID-19, which requires a deeper understanding.
The local interferon-corrective therapy in children with congenital cleft lip and palate, suffering from the recurrent respiratory infections
Authors: Nesterova I. V. , Mitropanova M. N. , Chudilova G. A. , Kovaleva S. V. , Khalturina E. O.
Published: May 2020

It is known that children with congenital cleft lip and palate are suffering from recurrent respiratory infections, which worsen the state of their health, and also complicate the results of reconstructive surgical treatment. The aim of the study was to detect defects of mucosal immunity in children with congenital cleft lip and palate, suffering from recurrent respiratory infections, and to create the program of local interferon corrective therapy with an assessment of its effectiveness. The studies included 56 children from the age of 1 to 3 years. Three groups of children were formed: group 1 – 26 children with congenital cleft lip and palate (antibiotic therapy); group 2 — 30 children with congenital cleft lip and palate (antibiotic therapy + local interferon therapy), group 3 — the control group. The clinical examination included a medical history, an assessment of the symptoms of recurrent episodes of acute respiratory infections and exacerbations of chronic infections. Microbiological studies were performed using standard methods. The status of local immunity was detected: the concentrations of secretory IgA, cytokines IL-17, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, IFNγ in the oral fluid were tested by ELISA. Results of the study established that in group 1 and group 2 clinical criteria of immunodeficiency with an infectious syndrome were revealed: repeated acute respiratory viral infections from 10 or more times a year, complicated by frequent exacerbations of chronic bacterial infection (up to 10 or more per year). Assessment of the state of local immunity in children with congenital cleft lip and palate revealed a lack of sIgA compared with the control group. Before treatment in group 2 oral fluid level of IL-17, IL-6 were statistically significant increase (p 0.05); the results of the study also established increase in the level of IL-1β and a decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-4 and regulatory IFNγ relative to the control group (p 0.05). After complex treatment with the inclusion of local interferon therapy in group 2 the appearance of sIgA, increase in the concentration of IL-4, IL-1β and a decrease IL-17 in oral fluid were observed (p 0.05). The concentrations of IL-6, IFNγ did not change (p 0.05). After treatment in group 2 there were a decrease in exacerbations of chronic upper respiratory tract infection and in frequency of acute respiratory viral infections compared with group 1 (p 0.05). Positive clinical efficacy of local interferon therapy (the gel of recombinant IFNα2b in combination with oxidants — Viferon gel) in the process of staged rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft lip and palate has a protective clinical effect in reducing the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections, reducing the number of postoperative complications, reducing hospital stay, duration of antibacterial therapy and the number of exacerbations of chronic bacterial infection.
DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ONE-STOREY INDUSTRIAL BUILDING
Authors: Rozumenko D. V. , Bannikov D. О.
Published: May 2020

Purpose. Recently, there has been a growing demand in Ukraine for the reuse of industrial buildings that have not been in exploitation for a certain period of time. At the same time, there are frequent cases when new technological equipment transfers significant dynamic loads to existing structures over a long period of time. Since the available data regarding the dynamic properties of industrial buildings are now practically absent, the main goal of the studies made by the authors is to evaluate and analyze own dynamic characteristics of a one-storey industrial building. Methodology. To achieve this goal, it was necessary first to choose the type of industrial building, which is common enough for the formulated conditions of the reuse possibility. A one-storey unheated industrial building with three purlins (purlins 15 + 15 + 6 m) with a steel supporting frame was taken as such a building. In the course of research, the cross sections of the main load-bearing elements were varied, as well as the schemes of their connection with each other. The calculations were carried out by the finite element method based on the Lira for Windows project complex. Findings. The obtained frequency spectra of the own dynamic characteristics for the main bearing structural elements of an industrial building of the type in question are in the range up to 30 Hz. Also, during the research, dependencies were obtained for changing this range for various cases of design decisions of the building. Originality. The research results presented in the publication make it possible to evaluate the range of the own dynamic characteristics of single-storey multipurlined unheated industrial buildings with the traditional structural solution of the steel frame. Practical value. The resulting range of the own dynamic characteristics of the industrial building of the type in question is quite dangerous for human health. The most unfavorable is the oscillation form of the columns, which actually involves the entire structural frame. Therefore, in the course of research, a special method was developed and tested to stabilize such vibrations «on the base» using flexible ropes.
INVESTIGATION OF THE GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE BRAKE PADS OF FREIGHT CARS UNDER HAZARDOUS WEAR
Authors: V. G. Ravlyuk  , I. M. Afanasenko  , M. G. Ravliuk
Published: May 2020

Purpose. This study aims to determine the geometric parameters of the brake pads of freight cars under hazardous wear. Methodology. A set of operational and theoretical studies concerning the occurrence of hazardous wear, which changes the geometric parameters of the useful contact area of the brake pads of freight cars at different established gaps between the pad and the wheel, which significantly impairs the effectiveness of train braking. Using the collected statistical material, computer mathematical modeling of the upper hazardous wear at different gaps was performed and the negative factors affecting the brake system were identified. MathCAD and AutoCAD software was used. Findings. As a result of inspections of the mechanical part of the brakes, attention was paid to the abnormal wear of the brake pads of the freight cars, which is formed by the fact that the common gravity center of the pad and the shoe, placed on the pendular suspension, do not coincide with the center of the hole in brake beam king post with any pads. In order to investigate possible causes of abnormal wear of the brake pads, their real images and theoretical schemes are given, which allow to establish the causes of the formation of abnormal wear of the pads at different gaps between the pad and the wheel and to determine their change of geometrical parameters that affect the useful contact area. When comparing the results of calculations according to the coordinate method performed in the MathCAD software environment and the graphic method (in AutoCAD), for determining the geometric parameters of the formation of the upper hazardous pad wear, depending on the regulatory pad wear between the wheel and the brake pad, it is theoretically proved that the error between them does not exceed 5–7%. Originality. For the first time, the principles of the methodology for determining the geometric parameters of the useful contact area of the pads with the formation of upper hazardous wear, depending on the gap between the wheel and the brake shoe, were formulated using coordinate and graphical methods. Practical value. It is advisable to apply the results of the research obtained in the work in the design and technological departments and bureaus when designing both mechanical brake systems for the undercarriage of innovative cars and for improvement of the cars currently operated at the railways.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF WATER PURIFICATION WITH FILTER
Authors: V. D. Petrenko  , M. I. Netesa  , O. L. Tiutkin  , O. V. Gromova  , V. А. Kozachyna
Published: May 2020

Purpose. To analyze the effectiveness of water purification in water treatment systems, an important task is the development of mathematical models that allow determining the degree of water purification at the design stage. The main purpose of the work is to construct numerical models for calculating the filtration process and mass transfer in the filter. Methodology. The calculation of the filtering process of contaminated water in the filter is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the flow rate field in the filter is calculated. To solve this problem, the classical filtration equations are used. At the second stage of the calculation, the flow of contaminated water in the filter is simulated. To solve this problem, the mass transfer equation is used, which expresses the law of mass conservation. This equation takes into account the transfer of impurities by the filtration flow, the transfer of impurities due to dispersion and the sorption of impurities in the filter material. The solution of the filtration equation is carried out using the alternating triangular method of A. A. Samarskyi. The unknown pressure value based on this method is determined by the explicit formula of point-to-point computation. For numerical integration of the mass transfer equation in the filter, a difference splitting scheme is used. Findings. The current trend in the field of water supply and sanitation is the creation of multidimensional and multifactor mathematical models. Such models make it possible to replace a physical experiment with a computational one. The complex of water treatment facilities necessarily includes water purification filters. The filter efficiency affects the efficiency of other treatment facilities of the technological treatment scheme. A mathematical model has been developed that allows analyzing the water purification process in the filter. Based on the developed numerical model, a package of application programs has been developed for computer simulation of the filter water purification process. The results of a computational experiment on modeling the filtering process of contaminated water in a filter are presented. Originality. The paper proposes a numerical two-dimensional filter model based on the filtration equation and the mass transfer equation. A feature of the developed mathematical models is the possibility of modeling the velocity field and the process of impurity transfer taking into account the geometric shape of the filter. Practical value. The calculation time for one variant of the task based on the developed numerical model is several seconds, which is important for conducting serial calculations in practice. Models can be used as an alternative to laboratory experiments.
UNIFIED PARALLEL ALGORITHM AND PROGRAMMING COMPLEX OF OPTIMAL PLANNING OF NON-UNIFORM FLOWS IN THE NETWORKS
Authors: V. V. Skalozub  , L. А. Panik  , A. D. Panarin
Published: May 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop a universal unified parallel synchronous algorithm for the implementation of tasks for calculation of maximum one- and multicommodity flows, as well as the creation of a software complex that provides the formation of surface graph models of flows and performs optimal planning of non-uniform flows in transport and other networks. Methodology. The paper investigates the possibilities of previously created and comprehensively verified heuristic parallel synchronous algorithm for calculating maximum one- and multicommodity flows in the networks, establishes its potential limitations, and determines additional advanced procedures that transform the algorithm into a universal parallel algorithm. The proposed parallel synchronous algorithm uses a width-first search strategy while simultaneously identifying possible paths of flows through the network with an estimation of their throughput. Herewith the possibility of analyzing several incremental flows across the network in one iteration was studied. Findings. The article proposes a universal unified parallel synchronous algorithm for calculating maximum flows in networks and develops a unified procedure and software package for planning of non-uniform as well as competitive flows in transport and other networks. The developed software complex implements the problems of formation of surface graph models of networks, for which the problem of optimal planning of non-uniform and competitive multicriteria flows in transport networks is solved. Originality. The article develops a new universal unified parallel synchronous algorithm and procedure for the calculation of optimal uniform, multicommodity and competitive flows in transport networks. Practical value. The practical value of the obtained results is determined by the universal capabilities and efficiency of the procedure for planning non-uniform flows in the networks based on the application of a new parallel synchronous algorithm, as well as the developed software complex, which provides the ability to solve the problems of analysis and planning of uniform and multicommodity flows in transport networks, as well as the implementation of calculation tasks of competitive models of transport and information flows formation. The software complex has a built-in editor of interactive network modeling and a toolbar, which provides both creation of new and downloading existing graphs of networks from the modeling libraries, preservation of optimum flows in the network in the form of an image and a text file, output of errors when working with the program.
A CONSTRUÇÃO SOCIORRETÓRICA DA SEÇÃO DE INTRODUÇÃO EM ARTIGOS ACADÊMICOS DE LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA
Authors: Silva Ametista de Pinho Nogueira , Bernardino Cibele Gadelha , Valentim Dawton Lima
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Pesquisas em Análise de Gêneros têm se preocupado, cada vez mais, com a relação entre o contexto de realização de um gênero textual e a descrição/explicação de suas funções retóricas e sociais. No âmbito dos gêneros acadêmicos, as variações disciplinares demonstram que um mesmo gênero textual pode ser construído de forma particular por diferentes áreas disciplinares, reforçando a importância das descrições sociorretóricas de tais gêneros. Amparados teoricamente nos postulados de Swales (1990), para a análise de gêneros textuais, e em Hyland (2000), para a compreensão de culturas disciplinares, nossa metodologia recorreu ao modelo sociorretórico CARS (SWALES, 1990) e aos trabalhos de Costa (2015) e Pacheco, Bernardino e Freitas (2018), a fim de descrever sociorretoricamente a seção de Introdução de 30 artigos experimentais da área de Linguística Aplicada. A análise da configuração composicional prototítpica das introduções foi explicada à luz das respostas de 7 membros experientes da área a entrevistas. Como resultado, propomos uma configuração de descrição sociorretórica que registrou a ocorrência de dois movimentos (“Construindo o objeto de pesquisa” e “Indicando a estrutura do artigo”) e quatro passos retóricos: “Construindo problematização por meio de contextualização sócio-histórica do objeto”, “Construindo problematização em torno do objeto por meio de discussão com literatura prévia”, “Apresentando objetivos” e “Apresentando objeto de pesquisa”.
PALAVRAS DE ORDEM E ENSINO: OS GÊNEROS DISCURSIVOS E RESISTÊNCIA
Authors: Vedovato Luciana , Laperuta-Martins Maridelma
Published: May 2020

RESUMO O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a noção de gênero discursivo considerando os pressupostos teóricos de Medviédev (2012), Bakhtin (2016) e Volóchinov (2013, 2017) que trataram as relações entre língua, história e ideologia. A reflexão gira em torno de tentar compreender o funcionamento dos gêneros não apenas como uma representação formal da língua, mas como materialidade social, constituído a partir das tensões entre diferentes forças sociais. Assim, tomamos como objeto de análise o conteúdo de Língua Portuguesa do Plano de Estudos para Escolas Itinerantes (2013) com o foco de analisar o funcionamento do gênero “palavras de ordem”, pontuando o fato de que os gêneros discursivos, no caso em tela, apresentam-se, em primeiro lugar, como uma materialidade histórica e assim respondem, em sua constituição formal, às demandas de um movimento social.
RE-THEORIZING SILENCE(S)
Authors: Power-Carter Stephanie
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT This paper describes a telling case account that occurred during an ethnographic study in the United States in a secondary school senior British Literature class with only two African American young women, Pam and Natonya. The telling case complicated silence and also made visible other reflexive processes that provided opportunities to unpack and theorize silence, which led to the articulation of the silence trilogy. Further, it also made visible how the African American woman scholar’s own lived experiences informed her attempt to make sense of how Pam and Natonya navigated the silence(s). This paper will primarily foreground the works of Scholars of Color and use Black feminist and sociolinguistic theory to explore the following question: How did two African-American females in a predominately white educational space negotiate the silence(s) (e.g., silence, silencing, and silenced)? How did the African American woman researchers of color make sense of their negotiation?
A DISCURSIVE ANALYSIS OF JAIR BOLSONARO: POPULIST AND ETHICAL (LACK OF) LIMITS THROUGH LANGUAGE
Authors: El-Jaick Ana Paula
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT This article is about the question of ethics in the studies of language and the intersection with philosophy. For this investigation, we chose as a case study the speech delivered by the then controversial Brazilian Federal Congressman Jair Bolsonaro in the vote for the impeachment of the (now former) president, Dilma Rousseff, in 2016. On that occasion, Bolsonaro, upon casting his vote, paid tribute to Colonel Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, responsible for torture during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985). Our purpose here is to discuss and (try) to formulate a discursive ethics, also calling into question whether some speech acts may be considered unacceptable. To develop our idea, we draw on the theoretical contribution the so-called second Wittgenstein’s perspective of language, more specifically his idea of language as forms of life, put in dialogue with the position on ethics in the language put forwards by the professor of the University of Paris 13 Marie-Anne Paveau in her book Language and Morality: An Ethics of Discursive Virtues.
OS PROCESSOS METONÍMICOS EM PUBLICIDADE VERBO-VISUAL SOB ENFOQUE DA LINGUÍSTICA CRÍTICA E DA MULTIMODALIDADE
Authors: Soares Leonardo Antonio , Ikeda Sumiko Nishitani
Published: May 2020

RESUMO A publicidade tem sido representada como um continuum de funções, flutuando entre informação e manipulação, frequentemente recorrendo à comunicação implícita. Pesquisas mostram que, nesse domínio, é crucial a orientação em direção ao leitor para assegurar objetivos retóricos de persuasão. Assim, diferentes pesquisas dedicam-se à linguagem e à comunicação na publicidade, analisando o uso de estratégias de comunicação, tais como, a personificação por meio de pronomes, a intertextualidade e estratégias persuasivas de suavização por meio da modalização (hedges). Em termos do discurso publicitário, faz-se necessário ir além do uso de adjetivos e expressões explícitas, para entender que a persuasão age também na subjacência do texto e por meio de recursos imagéticos. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar, anúncios de grandes instituições financeiras veiculados em diferentes mídias, como televisão, jornais, revistas e internet para identificar a contribuição dos processos metonímicos na persuasão que percorre o gênero publicitário. Para que os objetivos sejam alcançados, as análises partem dos microelementos até atingir os macroaspectos, onde as formas linguísticas e os atos de imagem agem em conjunto para transmissão de aspectos ideológicos e hegemônicos. Além disso, as análises contam com as teorias de Halliday (1994), Kress e van Leeuwen (1996; 2006), Feng (2017) e Fairclough (1994; 1995). Os resultados indicam que, os anúncios apresentam um alto nível de informalidade e situações rotineiras. Por outro lado, as análises baseadas nos processos metonímicos demonstram os caminhos e técnicas usadas na produção dos anúncios na busca de persuadir e vender os produtos.
PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF PERIARTICULAR HYALURONIC ACID INFILTRATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS
Authors: STIRMA GUILHERME AUGUSTO , CHAVES DEGINALDO HOLANDA , TORTATO SIMONE , BELANGERO PAULO SANTORO , LARA PAULO HENRIQUE SCHMIDT , EJNISMAN BENNO
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To prospectively, clinically and functionally follow-up patients previously diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis after periarticular application of hyaluronic acid and analyze the results. Methods: All patients were previously treated conservatively and had no clinical improvement. Data such as age, positivity for specific tests (Cozen and Mill), visual analogue pain scale (VAS) before and during dorsiflexion of the wrist with resistance, diagnosis time, Mayo Elbow Performance Score was collected. Patients were reevaluated 30 and 90 days after application. Results: The positivity rates for Cozen and Mill tests were identical, starting at 100%, dropping to 50% after one month, and ending at 41.7% after 3 months. The initial Mayo Elbow Score average was 61.3 points; 85.8 in the first month, remaining at 85 in the third month. VAS in active force situations had the initial average of 8.1; after one month it dropped to 3.8, and 3.6 after three months. At rest, the initial average was 5.9; after one month it decreased to 3 and ended at 2.1 in three months. Conclusion: Patients showed improvement in pain parameters, in the Mayo Elbow Performance Score standard, but with 25% of failure in satisfaction. Level of evidence IV, Case series.