bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Edge-Based Fault Detection for Solar Panels
Authors: Ling Haoyu , Liu Manlu , Fang Yi
Published: August 2024

Solar panels may suffer from faults, which could yield high temperature and significantly degrade their power generation. To detect faults of solar panels in large photovoltaic plants, drones with infrared cameras have been implemented. Drones may capture a huge number of infrared images. It is not realistic to manually analyze such a huge number of infrared images. To solve this problem, we develop a Deep Edge-Based Fault Detection (DEBFD) method, which applies convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for edge detection and object detection according to the captured infrared images. Particularly, a machine learning-based contour filter is designed to eliminate incorrect background contours. Then faults of solar panels are detected. Based on these fault detection results, solar panels can be classified into two classes, i.e., normal and faulty ones (i.e., macro ones). We collected 2060 images in multiple scenes and achieved a high macro F1 score. Our method achieved a frame rate of 28 fps over infrared images of solar panels on an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPU.
Eddy Current Sensor Probe Design for Subsurface Defect Detection in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: E. Farag Heba , Khamesee Mir Behrad , Toyserkani Ehsan
Published: August 2024

Pore and crack formation in parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as laser powder bed fusion, is one of the issues associated with AM technology. Surface and subsurface cracks and pores are induced during the printing process, undermining the printed part durability. In-situ detection of defects will enable the real-time or intermittent control of the process, resulting in higher product quality. In this paper, a new eddy current-based probe design is proposed to detect these defects in parts with various defects that mimic pores and cracks in additively manufactured parts. Electromagnetic finite element analyses were carried out to optimize the probe geometry, followed by fabricating a prototype. Artificial defects were seeded in stainless steel plates to assess the feasibility of detecting various flaws with different widths and lengths. The smallest defect detected had a 0.17 mm radius for blind holes and a 0.43 mm notch with a 5 mm length. All the defects were 0.5 mm from the surface, and the probe was placed on the back surface of the defects. The surface roughness of the tested samples was less than 2 µm. The results show promise for detecting defects, indicating a potential application in AM.
Pressure-Induced YbFe2O4-Type to Spinel Structural Change of InGaMgO4
Authors: Koike Takehiro , Das Hena , Oka Kengo , Kusano Yoshihiro , Cubillas Fernando , Bojorqez Francisco Brown , Alvarez-Montano Victor Emmanuel , Ito Shigekazu , Shigematsu Kei , Togano Hayato , Yamada Ikuya , Ishibashi Hiroki , Kubota Yoshiki , Mori Shigeo , Kimizuka Noboru , Azuma Masaki
Published: August 2024

Spinel-type InGaMgO4 with a = 8.56615(3) Å was prepared by treating layered YbFe2O4-type InGaMgO4 at 6 GPa and 1473 K. DFT calculation and Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data revealed the inverse spinel structure with In3+:Ga3+/Mg2+ = 0.726:0.274 in the tetrahedral site and 0.137:0.863 in the octahedral site. InGaMgO4 spinel is an insulator with an experimental band gap of 2.80 eV, and the attempt at hole doping by post-annealing in a reducing atmosphere to introduce an oxygen defect was unsuccessful. This is the first report of the bulk synthesis of AB2O4 compounds with both YbFe2O4 and spinel polymorphs.
Coupling between Population and Construction Land Changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) Region: Residential and Employment Perspectives
Authors: Chen Chen
Published: August 2024

To gain a deeper understanding of the human–land coupling relationship, this study analyzes the coupling relationships with the spatial distribution of construction land from two perspectives: the residential population and the employment population, exploring the similarities and differences in coupling relationships among different subsystems. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China is selected as the study area, covering the period from 2000 to 2020. An analytical framework is proposed, encompassing three approaches: coupling analysis based on county-level spatial units; mean center position analysis based on construction land grids; and regression fitting and residual analysis based on homogeneous grid units. The analysis results indicate: (1) the coupling between the employment population and construction land shows a significant advantage; (2) the coupling between the residential population and construction land has improved faster in recent years; (3) factors such as location, development level, and strategic opportunities have an important influence on the spatial and temporal changes in the coupling relationship. The study further discusses the trade-off relationship between different subsystems, key measures to enhance coupling degree, and the application pathways of this analytical framework at various stages of planning. Considering the limitations of industry sector differences, spatial unit precision, and construction land development intensity, this paper also outlines future research directions.
New Research Trends for Textiles, a Bright Future
Authors: Dufossé Laurent
Published: August 2024

The Textiles journal is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, officially launched in 2021 [...]
QSTR Models in Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds Provide Insights into Gene Expression Dysregulation
Authors: Eleazar Elisa G. , Carrera Andrei Raphael M. , Quiambao Janus Isaiah R. , Caparanga Alvin R. , Tayo Lemmuel L.
Published: August 2024

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) are a group of organic chemicals containing three-ring structures that can be substituted with one to eight chlorine atoms, leading to 75 dioxin and 135 furan congeners. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), they can alter physiological processes causing a number of disorders. In this study, quantitative structure–toxicity relationship (QSTR) studies were used to determine the correlations between the PCDD/Fs’ molecular structures and various toxicity endpoints. Strong QSTR models, with the coefficients of determination (r2) values greater than 0.95 and ANOVA p-values less than 0.0001 were established between molecular descriptors and the endpoints of bioconcentration, fathead minnow LC50, and Daphnia magna LC50. The ability of PCDD/Fs to bind to several nuclear receptors was investigated via molecular docking studies. The results show comparable, and in some instances better, binding affinities of PCDD/Fs toward the receptors relative to their natural agonistic and antagonistic ligands, signifying possible interference with the receptors’ natural biological activities. These studies were accompanied by the molecular dynamics simulations of the top-binding PCDD/Fs to show changes in the receptor–ligand complexes during binding and provide insights into these compounds’ ability to interfere with transcription and thereby modify gene expression. This introspection of PCDD/Fs at the molecular level provides a deeper understanding of these compounds’ toxicity and opens avenues for future studies.
Understanding PFAS: Occurrence, Fate, Removal, and Effects
Authors: Pan Chang-Gui , Sun Run-Xia
Published: August 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as one of the most pressing environmental and public health concerns of the 21st century [...]
Sequential Immunization with Vaccines Based on SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles Induces Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Mi Youjun , Xu Kun , Wang Wenting , Kong Weize , Xu Xiaonan , Rong Xifeng , Tan Jiying
Published: August 2024

Although many people have been vaccinated against COVID-19, infections with SARS-CoV-2 seem hard to avoid. There is a need to develop more effective vaccines and immunization strategies against emerging variants of infectious diseases. To understand whether different immunization strategies using variants sequence-based virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccines could offer superior immunity against future SARS-CoV-2 variants, our team constructed VLPs for the original Wuhan-Hu-1 strain (prototype), Delta (δ) variant, and Omicron (ο) variant of SARS-CoV-2, using baculovirus-insect expression system. Then we used these VLPs to assess the immune responses induced by homologous prime-boost, heterologous prime-boost, and sequential immunizations strategies in a mouse model. Our results showed that the pro+δ+ο sequential strategies elicited better neutralizing antibody responses. These sequential strategies also take advantage of inducing CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes proliferation and tendency to cytokine of Th1. Currently, our data suggest that sequential immunization with VLPs of encoding spike protein derived from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern may be a potential vaccine strategy against emerging diseases, such as “Disease X”.
Dynamic Tracking Method Based on Improved DeepSORT for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Zhu Kai , Dai Junhao , Gu Zhenchao
Published: August 2024

The development of electric vehicles has facilitated intelligent transportation, which requires the swift and effective detection and tracking of moving vehicles. To satisfy this demand, this paper presents an enhanced DeepSORT algorithm. By selecting YOLO-SSFS as the front-end detector and incorporating a lightweight and high-precision feature training network called FasterNet, the proposed method effectively extracts vehicle appearance attributes. Besides this, the noise scale adaptive Kalman filter is implemented and the conventional cascade matching process is substituted with global join matching, thereby enhancing overall performance and tracking accuracy. Validation conducted on the VisDrone dataset demonstrates the superiority of this method compared to the original DeepSORT algorithm, exhibiting a 4.76% increase in tracking accuracy and a 3.10% improvement in tracking precision. The findings reveal the advantages of the algorithms in the domain of vehicle detection and tracking, allowing significant technological advancements in intelligent transportation systems.
Examining Model-Based Fast-Charging and Preconditioning on a Vehicle Level
Authors: Abo Gamra Kareem , Zähringer Maximilian , Ladner Aaron , Allgäuer Christian , Lienkamp Markus
Published: August 2024

To establish battery electric vehicles as an attractive alternative to internal combustion vehicles, charging times of 15 min or less are increasingly demanded. This is especially challenging for lower battery temperatures, as this exacerbates the risk of accelerated battery degradation due to lithium plating. Therefore, active battery heating is utilized in state-of-the-art electric vehicles. To evaluate the impact of such heating strategies at vehicle level, we deployed an electrochemical battery model coupled with a longitudinal vehicle dynamics model. Using anode potential control to prevent lithium plating, we assess the time-saving potential versus the energy cost of different preconditioning and fast-charging strategies. The results reveal substantial energy saving and charge speed increase potential through optimal charge-stop planning, preconditioning timing, cost-adjusted thermal management thresholds, and considering driving behavior. This emphasizes the need for advanced operation strategies, taking into account both battery-level electrical and thermal restrictions, as well as vehicle integration and route planning.
Co-fatores associados a microcefalia de bebês em gestantes com Zika: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Freitas Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso , Mini Talita Russo , Hunt Shannon de Oliveira , Corradi Gabriel Galeazzi , Rodrigues Yago Guedes , Moraes Bruno Teixeira Marcos , Bringel Isadora Luísa Borges , Autran Gabriela Neves Vital Santoro , Araujo Hugo Martins , Da Rosa-Ribeiro Rafaela
Published: August 2024

Introdução. Após o surto de microcefalia em bebês associada a infecção de gestantes pelo ZIKA vírus em 2015 no nordeste brasileiro houve uma grande busca científica para entender tal relação. Observa-se que aproximadamente 3% das gestantes infectadas apresentam síndrome congênita do ZIKA vírus e uma parcela ainda menor dos afetados possuem como sintoma a microcefalia. Considerando tal cenário, acredita-se que coexista outros fatores com a infecção. Objetivo. Avaliar a possível existência de fatores associados a infecção congênita do Zika vírus que leva ao desenvolvimento da microcefalia. Método. Realizou-se busca em sites de revistas indexadas como "Scielo" e "PubMed" considerando os descritores para encontrar outros fatores que pudessem estar associados com a microcefalia nos últimos 10 anos. Foram selecionados nove artigos para a elaboração da revisão integrativa. Resultados. Os principais achados foram que fatores ambientais como as toxinas de cianobactérias na água de consumo diário e a utilização de larvicidas aumentam a possibilidade de desenvolver microcefalia quando há a infecção por ZIKA vírus. Além disso, pré-disposição genéticas do feto associadas ao comprometimento do funcionamento de genes do sistema imune, também estão associados ao desfecho de microcefalia quando as gestantes estão infectadas. Conclusão. Ainda faltam estudos sobre essas associações e que até o momento, além dos cuidados individuais das gestantes para evitar a infecção por ZIKA vírus, há ainda outros fatores que precisam ser considerados.
Práticas de saúde, segurança e meio ambiente (SSMA) em um projeto de restauração florestal de manguezal na Baía de Guanabara – RJ
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo Gaião Brault de , Rodrigues Guilherme de Assis , Cionek Fernando , Rocha Thainá Guimarães , Gomes Yago de Souza , Guedes Mariana Bensberg Alves , Vinciprova Cesar , Silva Cláudio Mendonça da , Cotrin Filho Jonas Ferreira
Published: August 2024

Os manguezais, ecossistemas encontrados em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, desempenham um papel crucial na manutenção da biodiversidade marinha. No entanto, enfrentam ameaças crescentes devido à urbanização desordenada e poluição costeira. A restauração florestal é uma estratégia para reverter esses danos, entretanto a falta de práticas adequadas de Saúde, Segurança e Meio Ambiente (SSMA) pode comprometer tanto os resultados ambientais quanto a segurança dos trabalhadores envolvidos. Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência em que os programas e protocolos de SSMA foram empregados em um projeto de restauração florestal de manguezal na Baía de Guanabara - RJ, envolvendo membros de uma comunidade tradicional de pescadores e catadores de caranguejo. São abordadas as medidas adotadas para garantir a segurança dos trabalhadores em um ambiente de condições peculiares, destacando a importância da integração de práticas de SSMA na restauração florestal.
New approach to generating of human monoclonal antibodies specific to the proteolytic domain of botulinum neurotoxin A
Authors: Silkina Marina Vladimirovna , Kartseva Alena Sergeevna , Riabko Alena Konstantinovna , Makarova Mariia Aleksandrovna , Rogozin Metkhun Madibronovich , Romanenko Yana Olegovna , Shemyakin Igor Georgievich , Dyatlov Ivan Alekseevich , Firstova Victoria Valerievna
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause botulism and are the most potent natural toxins known. Immunotherapy with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is considered to be the most effective immediate response to BoNT exposure. Hybridoma technology remains the preferred method for producing MAbs with naturally paired immunoglobulin genes and with preserved innate functions of immune cells. The affinity-matured human antibody repertoire may be ideal as a source for antibody therapeutics against BoNTs. In an effort to develop novel BoNT type A (BoNT/A) immunotherapeutics, sorted by flow cytometry plasmablasts and activated memory B cells from a donor repeatedly injected with BoNT/A for aesthetic botulinum therapy could be used due to obtain hybridomas producing native antibodies. Methods: Plasmablasts and activated memory B-cells were isolated from whole blood collected 7 days after BoNT/A injection and sorted by flow cytometry. The sorted cells were then electrofused with the K6H6/B5 cell line, resulting in a producer of native human monoclonal antibodies (huMAbs). The 3 antibodies obtained were then purified by affinity chromatography, analyzed for binding by Western blot assay and neutralization by FRET assay. Results: We have succeeded in creating 3 hybridomas that secrete huMAbs specific to native BoNT/A and the proteolytic domain (LC) of BoNT/A. The 1B9 antibody also directly inhibited BoNT/A catalytic activity in vitro. Conclusion: The use activated plasmablasts and memory B-cells isolated at the peak of the immune response (at day 7 of immunogenesis) that have not yet completed the terminal stage of differentiation but have undergone somatic hypermutation for hybridization allows us to obtain specific huMAbs even when the immune response of the donor is weak (with low levels of specific antibodies and specific B-cells in blood). A BoNT/A LC-specific antibody is capable of effectively inhibiting BoNT/A by mechanisms not previously associated with antibodies that neutralize BoNT. Antibodies specific to BoNT LC can be valuable components of a mixture of antibodies against BoNT exposure.
Integrating rapamycin with novel PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor microRNAs on NOTCH1-driven T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: Arjmand Fateme , Shojaei Samaneh , Khalili Mitra , Dinmohammadi Hossein , Poopak Behzad , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira , Mortazavi Yousef
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a significant role in the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Rapamycin is a potential therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies due to its ability to suppress mTOR activity. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in T-ALL pathophysiology and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of rapamycin and miRNAs in inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in T-ALL cells. Methods: Bioinformatic algorithms were used to find miRNAs that inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Twenty-five bone marrow samples were collected from T-ALL patients, alongside five control bone marrow samples from non-leukemia patients. The Jurkat cell line was chosen as a representative model for T-ALL. Gene and miRNA expression levels were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Two miRNAs exhibiting down-regulation in both clinical samples and Jurkat cells were transfected to the Jurkat cell line to investigate their impact on target gene expression. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the potential of combination therapy involving miRNAs and rapamycin, apoptosis and cell cycle assays were carried out. Results: Six miRNAs (miR-3143, miR-3182, miR-99a/100, miR-155, miR-576-5p, and miR-501- 3p) were predicted as inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The expression analysis of both clinical samples and the Jurkat cell line revealed a simultaneous downregulation of miR-3143 and miR-3182. Transfection investigation demonstrated that the exogenous overexpression of miR- 3143 and miR-3182 can effectively inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the Jurkat cell line. Moreover, when used as a dual inhibitor along with rapamycin, miR-3143 and miR-3182 significantly increased apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in the Jurkat cell line. Conclusion: These preliminary results highlight the potential for improving T-ALL treatment through multi-targeted therapeutic strategies involving rapamycin and miR-3143/miR-3182.
Interaction of toll-like receptors and ACE-2 with different variants of SARS-CoV-2: A computational analysis
Authors: Zahmatkesh Azadeh , Salmasi Elham , Gholizadeh Reza
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Computational studies were performed to investigate the unknown status of endosomal and cell surface receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The interactions between Toll-like receptors (TLRs)- 4/7/8/9 or ACE2 receptor and different SARS-CoV-2 variants were investigated. Methods: The RNA motifs for TLR7, TLR8 and a CpG motif for TLR9 were analyzed in different variants. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate receptor-ligand interactions. Results: The number of motifs recognized by TLR7/8/9 in the Alpha, Delta and Iranian variants was lower than in the wild type (WT). Docking analysis revealed that the Alpha, Delta and some Iranian spike variants had a higher affinity for ACE2 and TLR4 than the WT, which may account for their higher transmission rate. The MD simulation also showed differences in stability and structure size between the variants and the WT, indicating potential variations in viral load. Conclusion: It appears that Alpha and some Iranian isolates are the variants of concern due to their higher transmissibility and rapid spread. The Delta mutant is also a variant of concern, not only because of its closer interaction with ACE2, but also with TLR4. Our results emphasize the importance of ACE2 and TLR4, rather than endosomal TLRs, in mediating the effects of different viral mutations and suggest their potential therapeutic applications.
Preparation and evaluation of lipid-based sustained release pellets of chlorpheniramine maleate by the wet extrusion-spheronization method
Authors: Abbaspour Mohammadreza , Sadooghi Asieh , Khodaverdi Elham , Shahdadi Sardou Hossein , Nokhodchi Ali
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of preparation of sustained-release chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) pellets based on Compritol® as a lipid matrix and evaluation of the affecting factors on pellet properties. Methods: Using the D-optimal experimental design, different pellet formulations containing various amounts of CPM, Compritol® and Avicel were prepared by the wet extrusion-spheronization method. Then the pellets were cured at 40, 65 and 90 ̊C for 4 and 8 h to study the effect of the thermal process. The physicomechanical properties of the pellets were investigated in terms of particle size distribution, pelletization yield, mechanical strength, aspect ratio and sphericity. To investigate the possible interaction of CPM and Compritol®, as well as to evaluate the morphology and surface characteristics of the pellets DSC and SEM were used, respectively. Also, to investigate the drug release rate from pellets the dissolution test was carried out and mean dissolution time (MDT) was calculated to compare different formulations. Results: The results showed that the curing process up to 65 °C improves the strength of the pellets. However, increasing the curing temperature from 65 to 90 °C and also increasing the curing time from 4 to 8 h did not have a significant effect on the strength of the pellets but increased the drug release rate of pellets. Increasing the amount of the drug or decreasing Compritol® in the matrix of pellets leads to a larger particle size with greater mechanical strength. All formulations of the pellets had an aspect ratio and sphericity of about 1.1 and 0.9 respectively, which indicates the spherical shape of the pellets as shown by SEM. DSC thermograms indicate the reduction of the crystallinity or the change of the crystalline form of the drug to amorphous during the pelletization process. Conclusion: The results revealed the feasibility of preparing lipid-based sustained-release matrix pellets using the wet extrusion-spheronization method. The optimal formulation in terms of physicomechanical properties and release rate was the formulation containing 8% CPM, 67% Compritol® and 25% Avicel, which were dried at 40 ° C for 4 h and released about 90% of the drug within 12 h.
Performance of protein N linear epitopes in serodiagnosis of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Farajnia Sahar , Khajenasiri Nazli , Farajnia Safar , Seyrafi Farzin , Bakhtiyari Nasim
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Despite the efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, the virus remains in circulation, posing a considerable risk to populations across the globe. Hence, rapid and early detection of this infection is essential for effective disease control. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the virus serves as a primary target for antibody response during CoV2 infections, making it a potential candidate for COVID-19 detection. This study aims to prepare and evaluate the linear epitopes of the N protein for serodiagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Methods: The linear epitope of the N protein gene was identified using ABCpred, BCpred, and IEDB. These epitopes were subsequently amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and expressed in soluble form in the E. coli BL21 strain. The recombinant protein was purified using the Ni-NTA column. The reactivity of purified N protein with sera from SARS-CoV-2 patients was analyzed using an ELISA assay. Results: Sequencing analysis demonstrated the successful cloning of the linear epitopes of the N protein into the PET-28a vector, along with an n-terminal His-tag fusion. The recombinant protein was produced in E. coli BL21 and purified with a Ni-NTA column. The analysis demonstrated that the N protein linear epitopes were expressed in a soluble form and appeared as a 50 kDa band in the SDS-PAGE. Examination for the reactivity of the purified N protein with the COVID-19 patient’s sera by ELISA revealed that the N protein recognizes the infection with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that linear epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein are highly immunogenic and could be exploited for serodiagnosis of infection in patients suspected of COVID-19 infection.
IgY-mediated protection against Vibrio cholerae infection: Efficacy of avian antibodies targeting a chimeric recombinant protein
Authors: Naghash Hoseini Hasna Sadat , Ahmadi Tooba Sadat , Mousavi Gargari Seyed Latif , Nazarian Shahram
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic pathogen of diarrheal disease, prevails mainly in developing countries, transmitted through contaminated water or food. The unique genetic makeup and remarkable competency has prompted intensive research to unravel the bacterium virulence properties. Egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) have emerged as innovative biotherapeutics for both passive immunotherapy and prophylactic strategies. Methods: In the present study, we generated avian antibodies against a chimeric recombinant protein comprising OmpW-TcpA-CtxB (OTC) antigens from V. cholerae, and examined its efficacy against bacterial toxins and infection. The chimeric protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Leghorn chickens were intramuscularly immunized with the recombinant protein and the purity of extracted IgYs was assessed through SDS-PAGE analysis. The immunoreactivity and specificity of anti-OTC-IgYs were evaluated through protein and whole-cell ELISA, and their ability to neutralize cholera toxin (CT) of V. cholerae was evaluated in Y1 cell line. Finally, the protective efficacy of orally administered anti-OTC-IgY was investigated in V. cholerae-infected infant mice. Results: Anti-OTC-IgY successfully neutralized the cytotoxic effects of CT at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. Oral administration of two 100 µg doses of anti-OTC-IgY and resulted in 60% and 20% survival rates in suckling mice infected with LD and 10 LD of V. cholerae, respectively. Conclusion: The anti-OTC-IgY antibodies exhibited significant immunoreactivity, toxin-neutralizing potency, and protective effects, establishing their potential as promising antimicrobials against the bacterial pathogenicity through passive immunotherapy.
Deciphering the role of classical oestrogen receptor in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanism to clinical evidence
Authors: Ahmad Hairi Haryati , Ibrahim Nurul Izzah , Sadikan Muhammad Zulfiqah , Jayusman Putri Ayu , Shuid Ahmad Nazrun
Published: August 2024

The biological actions of oestrogen are mediated by the oestrogen receptor α or β (ERα or ERβ), which are members of a broad nuclear receptor superfamily. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that loss of circulating oestrogen modulated by classical ERα and ERβ led to rapid changes in pancreatic β-cell and islet function, GLUT4 expression, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, dysfunctional lipid homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades. Remarkably, 17β-oestradiol (E2) can completely reverse these effects. This review evaluates the current understanding of the protective role of classical ER in critical pathways and molecular mechanisms associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also examines the effectiveness of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in reducing the risk of developing T2DM in menopausal women. Clinical trials have shown the protective effects of MHT on glucose metabolism, which may be useful to treat T2DM in perimenopausal women. However, there are concerns about E2's potential side effects of obesity and hyperlipidaemia in menopausal women. Further studies are warranted to gain understanding and find other oestrogen alternatives for treatment of insulin resistance and T2DM in postmenopausal women.
One-pot hydrothermal synthesize and characterization of Au/Gd bimetallic nanostructure as potential contrast agents in CT and MR imaging
Authors: Ahmadyani Rashed , Ahmadyani Hamed , Moradi Milad , Moradi Sajad , Shahlaei Mohsen , Salehi Zahabi Saleh , Aghaz Faranak , Moloudi Kave , Farhadian Negin
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Multimodal contrast agents play an important role in early diagnosis of diseases and monitoring the treatment outcomes by increasing the accuracy and clarity of images. Methods: Herein, a one-step simple hydrothermal route is utilized to prepare the gadolinium-1,4 H2BDC- metal-organic framework (Gd-BDC-MOF) nanoparticles decorated with gold nanoclusters. The physicochemical properties of bimetal nanostructures were evaluated, their safety and ability to enhance contrast in both CT and MR imaging were also examined. Results: The spherical nano-sized Au decorated Gd bimetal nanostructures have an average diameter of 64 nm. The presence of both Au and Gd metals in the prepared nanostructure was confirmed using EDAX. The XRD pattern shows that, in the hydrothermal synthesis of two metals using a terephthalic acid linker, gold nanoclusters are decorated onto the gadolinium metal organic framework. The FTIR analysis confirmed the attachment of Gd to the carboxylate group of the organic linker. The bimetal nanostructure sample with a concentration of 40 mM showed similar X-ray attenuation to that of iodine at a concentration of 128 mM. At a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T, the longitudinal relaxivity value of the bimetal nanostructure was determined to be 13.635 mM-1 s-1. The MTT assay demonstrated the cytocompatibility and safety of the contrast agent synthesized for biomedical applications. Conclusion: The fabricated bimetal nanostructure exhibits dose-dependent positive contrast enhancement in both MR and CT imaging techniques, making it a promising candidate for use as a contrast agent in medical applications.
Kopexil vs minoxidil: In vivo comparative study on hair growth, hair growth promoting factors and toxicity
Authors: Jalilzadeh Sina , Hamishehkar Hamed , Monajjemzadeh Farnaz
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a hydro-alcoholic solution containing kopexil on hair growth, and growth factors, and to evaluate its skin penetration, as well as its potential toxic effects on the liver and kidneys in animal models. Methods: Animal studies were conducted on mice over 28 days, involving minoxidil (positive control), kopexil (test), and negative control groups. Morphological characteristics of skin and hair were assessed. Levels of hair growth-promoting markers (HGF and VEGF) were determined through western blot analysis. Toxic effects were examined by isolating and weighing the kidneys and livers, followed by histological examination. Results: The kopexil group demonstrated significant increases in hair weight, follicle count, percentage of anagen hair, and hair growth compared to the minoxidil. Western blot analysis revealed higher expression levels of hair growth-promoting factors in the kopexil-treated group. No statistically significant differences in liver and kidney weights or noticeable morphological variations were observed in the toxicity tests across the groups. Conclusion: The 5% (w/v) hydro-alcoholic solution containing kopexil proved to be an effective hair growth stimulator, influencing various factors. Its daily use can be considered a suitable treatment method for stimulating hair growth, given its improved effectiveness and ease of use for patients.
Decentralisation of the Health System Derailed by Organisational Inertia in Machinga, Malawi
Authors: Erixy Naluso Sandram , Isaac Kanyangale MacDonald
Published: August 2024

Background: Managing the transition of a health system (HS) from a centralised to a decentralised model has been touted as a panacea to the complex challenges in developing countries like Malawi. However, recent studies have demonstrated that decentralisation of the HS has had mixed effects in service provision with more dominant negative outcomes than positive results. The aim of this study was to develop a substantive grounded theory (GT) that elaborates on how activities of central decision-makers and local healthcare mangers shape the process of shifting the HS to a decentralised model in Machinga, Malawi. Methods: The study was qualitative in nature and employed the Straussian version of GT. Some participants were interviewed twice, and a total of 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 purposively selected participants using an interview guide. The interviews were conducted at the headquarters of the Ministry of Health (MoH) and other ministries and agencies, and in Machinga District. Data were analysed using open, axial, and selective coding processes of the GT methodology; and the conditional matrix and paradigm model were used as data analysis tools. Results: The findings of this study revealed seven different activities, forming two opposing and interactional sub-processes of enabling and impeding patterns that derailed the decentralisation drive. The study generated a GT labelled "decentralisation of the HS derailed by organisational inertia," which elaborates that decentralisation of the HS produced mixed results with more predominant negative outcomes than positive effects due to resistance at the upper organisational echelons and members of the District Health Management Team (DHMT). Conclusion: This article concludes that organisational inertia at the personal and strategic levels of leadership entrusted with decentralising the HS in Malawi, contributed immensely to the derailment of shifting the HS from the centralised to the decentralised model of health service provision.
Factors of Power and Equity: Enhancing Our Health System Resilience Research Frameworks Comment on "Re-evaluating Our Knowledge of Health System Resilience During COVID-19: Lessons From the First Two Years of the Pandemic"
Authors: Topp Stephanie M.
Published: August 2024

The concept of health system resilience has gained prominence in global health discourse, especially in response to the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. This commentary responds to Saulnier and colleagues’ 2022 review, which used the Dimensions of Resilience Governance framework to synthesize of COVID-19 related health system resilience research and explore possible conceptual gaps. The review’s findings reveal elements missing from the original framework which underscore the social nature of health systems. This commentary links the review’s empirical findings to nascent theorization of health systems resilience to develop an adapted Framework for Exploratory Research on Health Systems Resilience. A key contribution of the adapted framework is to make explicit the role of actor power and highlight more clearly the distinctions between: (i) research focused on identifying the capacities needed to enable adaptation; (ii) research focused on the actors whose interests and choices determine which adaptive strategies are used, and (iii) research that assess the outcomes of such strategies.
Essential Factors on Effective Response at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic Comment on "Experiences and Implications of the First Wave of the COVID-19 Emergency in Italy: A Social Science Perspective"
Authors: Cortes Jesús , Pacheco Matilde , Fronteira Inês
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy is a stark reminder of the necessity of incorporating the social, economic, and political context in planning responses to public health emergencies. During the ongoing global COVID-19 crisis, it is not just crucial but a shared responsibility to supplement epidemiological approaches with insights from the social sciences. This ensures effective and equitable policies, and it is a responsibility that each of us in the field shares. This discussion is relevant and timely, relating directly to the current global crisis and its potential implications for future public health strategies. This comment underscores the key points of Masino and Enria’s paper, illuminating the importance of integrating social sciences into public health strategies, the pivotal role of inequalities in shaping pandemic experiences, and, most importantly, the profound and urgent implications for future epidemic preparedness and response. The urgency of these implications cannot be overstated, and we must act on them swiftly and decisively.
On the Sasanian horse-shaped rhyta. A type of Sasanian wine vessel in historical perspective
Authors: SKUPNIEWICZ Patryk
Published: August 2024

Among the vessel types employed in Sasanian toreutics the horse-shaped rhyta attract attention. They combine the functionality with figural shape. The article aims in setting them within the development of the Iranian drinking vessels with figural elements, and placing them within art-historical sequences. This proves that they match Sasanian decorum and that the fashion continued after the fall of the dynasty.
METHODOLOGY FOR PROCESSING SURFACE WAVES RECORDED DURING 3D SEISMIC SURVEYS WITH TOWED EQUIPMENT TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF THE UPPER PART OF THE SHELF SECTION OF THE PECHORA SEA
Authors: Половков В.В. , Терёхина Я.Е. , Рахимов Э.А. , Кудинов А.А. , Пономаренко А.В. , Соловьева М.А. , Буланова И.А. , Токарев М.Ю. , Горбачев С.В.
Published: August 2024

На акваториях для обеспечения безопасности бурения и строительства объектов донной инфраструктуры на шельфе необходимо выполнять комплекс геолого-геофизических исследований, направленный на изучение верхней части разреза и выявление опасных геологических процессов. В рамках данной работы была выполнена уникальная специализированная обработка 3D стандартных морских сейсмических данных на отраженных и поверхностных волнах по технологии MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) с целью детального изучения верхней части разреза шельфа Печорского моря. В результате проделанной работы удалось убедительно показать эффективность метода MASW при изучении верхней части разреза на акваториях; выработать оптимальную методику обработки поверхностных волн; разработать методические рекомендации, которые могут быть полезными для реализации других проектов; уточнить положение некоторых типов ОГПиЯ (палеоврезов, грубообломочных отложений), а также получить дополнительную информацию об их свойствах и глубинном положении.

To ensure the safety of drilling and construction of bottom work facilities on the shelf, it is necessary to conduct a complex of geological and geophysical studies aimed at studying the upper part of the section and identifying the model of geological processes. As part of this work, a unique specialized processing of 3D standard marine seismic data on reflection and surface waves was performed using MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) technology for the purpose of a detailed study of the upper part of the Pechora Sea shelf section. As a result of the work done, it was possible to convincingly demonstrate the effectiveness of the MASW method in studying the upper part of the section in water areas; develop an optimal method for processing surface waves with registered towed streamers; develop methodological recommendations that can be used to implement other projects; clarify the position of some types of geological hazards and to obtain additional information on their properties and depth.
FEATURES OF NEAR-SURFACE AND SHALLOW GAS-SATURATED INTERVALS OF THE PECHORA SEA SECTION AND METHODS OF THEIR IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Буланова И.А. , Соловьева М.А. , Терёхина Я.Е. , Дернова А.С. , Росляков А.Г. , Пирогова А.С. , Токарев М.Ю. , Горбачев С.В. , Засухин М.М.
Published: August 2024

На мелководных участках шельфа Печорского моря в первой сотне метров широко распространены отложения повышенной газонасыщенности, требующие детального изучения, так как они непосредственно влияют на безопасность строительства различных сооружений, а также часто маскируют расположенные глубже потенциально неблагоприятные интервалы разреза. В данной работе обсуждаются результаты анализа различных сейсмических материалов с целью выявления зон распространения газонасыщенных отложений с применением целого спектра методов обработки и интерпретации. Кроме того, задачи территориального планирования требуют изучения значительной площади исследований, в то время как данные ИГФИ, как правило, характеризуют ограниченную площадь, не позволяющую масштабно откартировать газонасыщенные области. В тексте приводится методика анализа, направленная на решение данной проблемы.

In the shallow water areas of the Pechora Sea shelf in the first hundred meters there are widespread deposits of increased gas saturation which require detailed study as they directly affect the safety of the construction of various structures and often mask potentially unfavorable intervals of the deeper section. This paper discusses the results of analyses of various seismic materials to identify zones of gas-saturated sediments using a range of interpretation methods. In addition, spatial planning tasks require a large survey area, while engineering geophysical surveys data usually characterize a limited area, which does not allow for large-scale mapping of gas-saturated areas. The text provides a methodology of analysis aimed at solving this problem.
FEATURES OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH RETARDED MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE CONTENT OF THEIR ACTIVITIES ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Волкова И.П. , Володина Ю.А.
Published: August 2024

В статье представлены результаты эмпирического исследования особенностей коммуникативной компетентности подростков с задержанным психическим развитием и содержания их деятельности в цифровом пространстве. Показаны различия в содержании учебной, коммуникативной деятельности подростков в интернет-пространстве. Использование методов математической статистики позволили выявить статистически значимые различия в выраженности показателей коммуникативной компетентности подростков с задержанным и нормативным развитием, значимые корреляции показателей активности в интернет-пространстве и умениями, обеспечивающими эффективное общение подростков с задержкой психического развития со сверстниками.

The article presents the results of an empirical research of the characteristics of the communicative competence of adolescents with delayed mental development and the content of their activities in the digital space. There are differences in the content of educational and communicative activities of adolescents in the Internet space. The use of mathematical statistics methods made it possible to identify statistically significant differences in the severity of indicators of communicative competence of adolescents with delayed and normative development, significant correlations of activity indicators in the Internet space and skills that ensure effective communication of adolescents with mental retardation with peers.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRAL INDEX OF MENTAL HEALTH BASED ON ANALYSIS OF THE BRAIN ACOUSTIC FIELD
Authors: Бартош Т.П. , Шабанов Г.А.
Published: August 2024

Цель исследования - разработка интегрального индекса психического здоровья на основе спектрального анализа микровибраций головного мозга. На примере коллектива специалистов, которые проживают и работают в дискомфортных условиях Крайнего Севера, представлено исследование по разработке индекса психического здоровья, как возможности диагностики функции организма. Получена частота функциональной группы микровибраций головного мозга, которая определяет величину Интегрального индекса психического здоровья человека.

The aim of the study is to develop an integral index of mental health based on spectral analysis of brain micro-vibrations. Using the example of a team of specialists who live and work in the uncomfortable conditions of the Far North, a study on the development of a mental health index as an opportunity to diagnose body function is presented. The frequency of the functional group of brain micro-vibrations was obtained, which determines the value of the Integral Index of Human Mental Health.
FEATURES OF POSTURAL CONTROL IN CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE UNDER MOTOR-COGNITIVE LOADS
Authors: Силантьева О.М. , Баландина О.В. , Насонова У.А. , Брак И.В. , Тарадай Ю.М. , Толстоброва Е.М.
Published: August 2024

Постуральный контроль является неотъемлемой частью в развитии двигательных функций и моторного онтогенеза ребёнка. Для целей определения особенностей постурального и двигательного контроля были проведены серии экспериментов с помощью диагностических методик с использованием стабилометрических критериев. Сравнивались показатели функции равновесия у мальчиков и девочек старшего дошкольного возраста. В результате анализа полученных данных были определены информативные показатели функции равновесия у детей.

Postural control plays a crucial role in the motor skill development and ontogenesis of children. This study aims to investigate postural and motor control features through a series of experiments employing stabilometric diagnostic techniques. A comparison of equilibrium function indicators was conducted among boys and girls in the senior preschool age group. Through data analysis, significant indicators contributing to the understanding of children's equilibrium function were identified.