bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Magnitude and Timing of High Flows in Large Rain-Dominated Watersheds in the Cold Region of North-Eastern China
Authors: Duan Liangliang , Cai Tijiu
Published: November 2018

Global warming-induced earlier streamflow timing and changes in flood risk have been widely reported in snow-dominated regions where the land surface hydrology is dominated by winter snow accumulation and spring melt. However, impacts of climate warming on flow regime in the cold regions dominated by monsoonal rain during the warm season have received little attention in the literature. In this study, the responses of magnitude and timing of high flows to climate warming were analyzed by using a paired-year approach based on the hydrometeorological data of two large rain-dominated watersheds in the cold region of north-eastern China in the past approximately four decades (1975–2013). The results indicated that high flow timings of two watersheds both exhibited significant negative trends associated with the significant increasing trends in air temperature and spring rain over the study period. The results from paired-year approach indicated average timings of high flows in the warming years were significantly advanced by 21 and 25 days in Upper Huma River (UHR) and Ganhe River (GR) watersheds, respectively, which was at least partly attributed to the more frequent occurrence of spring snowmelt/rain generated high flows because of climate warming-induced earlier snowmelt and increased spring rain. The average magnitude of high flows decreased by 13.7% and 14.0% in the warming years compared with those in the reference years in the UHR and GR watersheds, respectively. These findings have implications for water resource management in the study region and similar rain-dominated cold regions across the globe.
Complementary medicine use, views, and experiences: a national survey in England
Authors: Sharp Debbie , Lorenc Ava , Morris Richard , Feder Gene , Little Paul , Hollinghurst Sandra , Mercer Stewart W , MacPherson Hugh
Published: November 2018

Background

In 2005,12% of the English population visited a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioner.

Aim

To obtain up-to-date general population figures for practitioner-led CAM use in England, and to discover people's views and experiences regarding access.

Design & setting

A face-to-face questionnaire survey was commissioned. A nationally representative adult quota sample (aged ≥15 years) was used.

Method

Ten questions were included within Ipsos MORI’s weekly population-based survey. The questions explored 12-month practitioner-led CAM use, reasons for non-use, views on NHS-provided CAM, and willingness to pay.

Results

Of 4862 adults surveyed, 766 (16%) had seen a CAM practitioner. People most commonly visited CAM practitioners for manual therapies (massage, osteopathy, chiropractic) and acupuncture, as well as yoga, pilates, reflexology, and mindfulness or meditation. Women, people with higher socioeconomic status (SES) and those in south England were more likely to access CAM. Musculoskeletal conditions (mainly back pain) accounted for 68% of use, and mental health 12%. Most was through self-referral (70%) and self-financing. GPs (17%) or NHS professionals (4%) referred and/or recommended CAM to users. These CAM users were more often unemployed, with lower income and social grade, and receiving NHS-funded CAM. Responders were willing to pay varying amounts for CAM; 22% would not pay anything. Almost two in five responders felt NHS funding and GP referral and/or endorsement would increase their CAM use.

Conclusion

CAM use in England is common for musculoskeletal and mental health problems, but varies by sex, geography, and SES. It is mainly self-referred and self-financed; some is GP-endorsed and/or referred, especially for individuals of lower SES. Researchers, patients, and commissioners should collaborate to research the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CAM and consider its availability on the NHS.
La transition α-β du quartz ; le point sur quelques problèmes actuels : transition ordre-désordre ou displacive, comportement thermodynamique
Authors: Dolino Gérard , Bachheimer Jean-Pierre , Gervais François , Wright Albert F.
Published: November 2018

La transition α-β est l'une des transitions structurales qui a été le plus étudiée, cependant elle pose encore de nombreux problèmes non résolus. Nous présentons ici une revue de résultats obtenus ces dernières années :

— L'hypothèse que la phase haute température β soit une structure désordonnée a reçu un argument en sa faveur grâce à une nouvelle détermination de la structure par diffraction des neutrons.

— La transition α-β peut être décrite, en ce qui concerne la phase α, par la théorie de Landau des transitions du 1er ordre. Cependant, de nombreuses anomalies existent dans la phase β qui sortent du cadre de cette théorie. L'interface qui sépare les phases α et β est inhomogène et produit une diffusion importante de la lumière.

— Un mode mou, lié à la rotation des tétraèdres SiO4 a été observé. La dynamique des autres modes de vibration est aussi affectée à l'approche de la transition. Dans la phase β un mode mou suramorti a été détecté par diffusion des neutrons, ce qui indique un mouvement anharmonique, dans un potentiel local qui pourrait comporter plusieurs minima. Il semble qu'une description en terme de désordre dynamique corrélé rende le mieux compte des observations apparemment contradictoires pour la phase β.
Histoire géologique et enregistrement karstique : le massif de Siou Blanc et de ses abords (Var)
Authors: Blanc Jean-Joseph
Published: November 2018

Le massif de Siou Blanc (Var) présente tous les caractères d'un karst de moyenne altitude (625 -650 m) méditerranéen tempéré. Les alignements de dolines et ouvalas, le développement des réseaux souterrains paraissent subordonnés au canevas tectonique et à l'influence de la lithologie qui correspond ici à une importante série calcaire et dolomitique (500 à 900 m) appartenant au Bathonien-Coniacien. L'entrée descriptive permet d'établir une typologie des formes exokarstiques, notamment des dolines. Huit états ont été définis : dolines coniques, lobées, en baquets, dolines-avens circulaires ou elliptiques, dolines asymétriques écroulées, dolines effondrées, ouvalas allongés le long d'accidents faillés et mégadolines. Ces états sont à nos yeux l'expression des conditions d'évolution qui ont marqué ce massif depuis le Miocène supérieur jusqu'à l'Actuel. Les poljés suspendus et déconnectés de la Limate et de Valbelle sont issus de paléo-réseaux dirigés d'est en ouest, individualisés au Miocène puis légèrement décalés par le rejeu des accidents décrochants au Messinien, également responsables du volcanisme d'Evenos. Les différents tronçons d'un paléo-réseau endokarstique, aujourd'hui disjoints, ont été décalés lors des mouvements tectoniques rapportés au Miocène supérieur et au Plio-Quaternaire. La karstification du massif de Siou Blanc et de ses environs, à la suite du paléo-karst des bauxites (Albien), présente une évolution polyphasée liée à la dynamique des marges méditerranéennes.
Life history of Mecidea major with descriptions of nymphal instars (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)
Authors: Bundy C. Scott , McPherson J. E.
Published: November 2018

The life history of the stink bug Mecideamajor Sailer was studied in the southern half of New Mexico primarily from January 2005 through December 2007, and the nymphal instars were described. This species was active throughout the year as adults and nymphs, including the winter months. It occurred on various species of grasses during this time but primarily on Lehmann lovegrass, Eragrostislehmanniana Nees; grama grasses, Bouteloua spp.; and tobosagrass, Pleuraphismutica Buckley. The times of occurrence and abundance of the eggs, nymphs, and adults suggest this species is bivoltine with the possibility of a third generation. Instars can be distinguished by several morphological features including body size and presence and relative development of wing pads.
Preliminary Validation of the Digital Ulcer Clinical Assessment Score in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Bruni Cosimo , Ngcozana Tanaka , Braschi Francesca , Pucci Tiziana , Piemonte Guya , Benelli Laura , Poli Melissa , Suliman Yossra A. , Guiducci Serena , Bellando-Randone Silvia , Balduzzi Silvia , Grotts Jonathan , Denton Christopher P. , Rasero Laura , Montecucco CarloMaurizio , Furst Daniel E. , Matucci-Cerinic Marco
Published: November 2018

Objective.

To date, “healed/non-healed” and clinical judgment are the only available assessment tools for digital ulcers (DU) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of our study is to examine a preliminary composite DU clinical assessment score (DUCAS) for SSc for face, content, and construct validity.

Methods.

Patients with SSc presenting at least 1 finger DU were enrolled and assessed with the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index, Cochin scale, visual analog scale (VAS) for DU-related pain, patient global DU status, and global assessment as patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and physician VAS for DU status (phyGDU) as an SSc-DU expert physician/nurse measure. The DUCAS included 7 DU-related variables selected by a committee of SSc DU experts and weighted on a clinical basis. Face validity was examined by consensus and partial construct validity was tested through convergent correlation with other measures of hand function, using Spearman’s correlations. A range of patients with SSc was examined. A linear regression model with backward stepwise analysis was used to determine the relationship of individual variables with the primary clinical parameter, phyGDU.

Results.

Forty-four patients with SSc (9 males, mean age 55 ± 15 yrs, mean disease duration 9.9 ± 5.8 yrs) were enrolled in the study. Overall DUCAS showed significant positive correlations with all abovementioned PRO (r > 0.4, p < 0.01). When all scores and scales were modeled, only DUCAS significantly predicted phyGDU (r = 0.59, R2 = 0.354, Akaike information criterion = 385.4).

Conclusion.

Preliminarily, we suggest that the DUCAS may be a new clinical score for SSc-related DU, having face and content validity and convergent/divergent correlations (construct validity). These early data suggest that this score deserves further evaluation.
Tourisme solidaire et patrimonialisation, une fin ou un moyen ?
Authors: Fauveaud Gabriel , Foy Roman-Oliver , Janati M’hammed Idrissi , Bolazzi Floriane , Lemaitre Thibault
Published: November 2018

Plusieurs projets de développement, avec l’ambition explicite d’associer mise en patrimoine et développement local, ont été créés récemment au Maroc, dans le sillage des activités génératrices de revenus ou du pro-poor tourism. À partir de l’analyse d’une initiative de logement chez l’habitant dans la médina de Fès, nous adoptons une approche territoriale du patrimoine et du tourisme. En considérant le territoire de la médina de Fès comme une ressource touristique et patrimoniale, nous montrons que sa valeur est variable en fonction de chaque acteur. La production patrimoniale de la médina apparaît tributaire des tensions entre ceux qui veulent profiter de l’activité touristique pour préserver le patrimoine de la médina et ceux qui s’appuient sur sa valeur patrimoniale pour développer une activité touristique.
Creating a Climate for the Implementation of a Nursing Conceptual Framework
Authors: Rogers Martha Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Over the last decade, increasing numbers of service and educational institutions have initiated plans to implement a nursing conceptual framework to guide practice, education, administration, and research. Regardless of the conceptual framework being implemented, for effective change to occur, considerable attention must be paid to the nature of the learning process experienced by individual nurses. In this article, adult learning theory is discussed as it relates to the process of learning a nursing conceptual framework.
Simultaneous Convection of Carreau Fluid with Radiation Past a Convectively Heated Moving Plate
Authors: Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Kumara B.C. Prasanna , Ramesh G.K. , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna
Published: November 2018

In the present analysis, we extended Blasius and Sakiadis problems in Carreau fluids by considering a uniform free stream parallel to a fixed or moving flat plate, which has more practical significance. The effects of radiation and convective boundary condition are also taken into account. The resulting nonlinear momentum and energy equations are simplified using similarity transformations. Numerical solutions have been obtained for the velocity and temperature profiles by employing shooting method coupled with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration scheme. Graphical results for the velocity and temperature fields are sketched and discussed. It is found that temperature of the Blasius problem is always higher than the Sakiadis problem.
Die ontkenning van die leer van die maagdelike geboorte van Christus deur Menno Simons, Emil Brunner en R. Bultmann
Authors: Koekemoer P.J.T.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Is eschatologie concreet?
Authors: Tukker C.A.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Opmerkinge oor die verhouding: Kerk en koninkryk
Authors: Heyns J.A.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Knowledge and attitude toward first aid: A cross-sectional study in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Midani Omar , Tillawi Tala , Saqer Ahmad , Hammami Mohammad Bakrir , Taifour Hazem , Mohammad Heba
Published: November 2018

Background: Injury is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. It is the second most common cause of death in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for the last 15 years, claiming more than 1200 lives annually. Those numbers can be significantly reduced through first aid (FA) education and training. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude toward FA in the UAE. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed through nonprobability sampling method to more than 500 residents across the UAE, aged at least 30 years. Data collection was conducted between July 20, 2017, and September 20, 2017. The number of participants from each city was proportionate to the population size according to the latest available census. Results: More than half of the population (54.2%) were not sufficiently knowledgeable about basic FA. Only 33.8% took an FA course. Age of the participants, higher education, and taking FA courses significantly increased the knowledge about basic FA information. Most of the population showed positive attitude toward FA and were willing to take an FA course in the future. Conclusion: The knowledge about FA in the UAE population is limited. FA courses must be made more accessible for the population and updated at frequent intervals. More emphasis should be given to basic FA information.
Second Malignant Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents Treated for Blood Malignancies and Solid Tumors: A Single-Center Experience of 15 Years
Authors: Katzilakis Nikolaos , Tsirigotaki Maria , Stratigaki Maria , Kampouraki Eleni , Athanasopoulos Emmanouil Markaki , Erasmia Athina , Kattamis Antonis , Stiakaki Eftichia
Published: November 2018

Context: The occurrence of second malignancies is not rare in children treated for primary tumors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and the outcomes of second malignancies in children and adolescents from a large tertiary pediatric hematology-oncology center. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed looking into the characteristics and outcomes of second malignant neoplasms in children and adolescents treated for primary malignancies in a single center over a 15-year period. Results: Among 270 children and adolescents treated for hematological malignancies and solid tumors from 2000 to 2015, five cases of second malignancy were diagnosed including cancer of the parotid gland, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, and transitional liver cell carcinoma in patients previously treated for acute myeloid leukemia, glioblastoma multiforme, B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and medulloblastoma, respectively. Primary malignancies were treated with chemotherapy in all cases and four out of five patients had also received radiotherapy. Mean age at diagnosis of second malignancy was 10 years and 4 months. Overall survival after diagnosis of second malignancy was 80% at 12 months and 75% at 5 years. Conclusions: Close surveillance and long-term follow-up are mandatory for the identification of late effects in children treated for malignancy.
Tubercular Mastitis Masquerading as Carcinoma Breast in Elderly Female: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Das Aditi , Panwar Hemlata , Hussain Nighat
Published: November 2018

Tubercular mastitis (TM), a great masquerader, is extremely rare in elderly. Diagnosis becomes challenging when patient’s age and clinical features favor carcinoma, as in our case, where a 70-year-old female presented with right breast lumps associated with overlying ulcers and right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of breast lump and lymph node followed by special staining and culture confirmed TM and lymphadenitis. Antitubercular therapy was initiated, and the patient got prompt relief. Here, we have discussed clinicocytological aspects of TM mimicking as carcinoma breast and diagnostic approach that should be undertaken. The case highlights the value of precise diagnosis, as specific treatment is indicated for tubercular and other granulomatous mastitis; placing an emphasis on meticulous investigation to rule out possibility of lethal malignancy in elderly; and necessity to always keep possibility of even rare entity like TM, irrespective of age, especially in India, where tuberculosis is endemic.
Reversible Hypopigmentation with Pazopanib
Authors: Srinivasa B J , Lalkota Bhanu Prakash , Chindar Pramod S , Naik Radheshyam
Published: November 2018

Tablet Pazopanib known to cause Hypo pigmentation and Hyperpigmentation as per various literature reports. We report here a case of reversible hypopigmentation with Pazopanib in a patient treated for spindle cell sarcoma. Patient did not have any clinical symptoms except for cosmetic significance.
Oral Cancer with Verrucous Pattern is Not Associated with Human Papilloma Virus in Indian Population
Authors: Chakrabarti Swagnik , Banerjee Devmalya , Qayyumi Burhanuddin Nuruddin , Nair Deepa , Nair Sudhir , Kane Subhada , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: November 2018

Background: The etiology of verrucous lesions of the oral cavity is debatable, and many western studies attribute it to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although most Indian studies have found a strong association with tobacco chewing, the role of HPV has not been studied in the Indian context. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on the clinicopathological profile of 21 consecutive patients of verrucous lesions of the oral cavity. The patients were evaluated on the basis of addictions, pretreatment biopsy, p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), and histopathological parameters. Results: Preoperative incisional biopsy revealed no dysplasia in 52.38%, mild-to-moderate dysplasia in 19.04%, and invasive carcinoma in 28.57% of the patients. About 67% of patients underwent surgical excision in our institute all of whom had invasive malignancy on final histopathology. This included 42.85% patients whose initial biopsy was no or mild dysplasia. All of the patients were negative for p16 IHC. Conclusions: Verrucous lesions in Indian population are caused by smokeless tobacco unlike that in the western countries where HPV is the main etiology. Clinical distinction between benign and malignant lesions is difficult, and we recommend complete surgical excision of the lesion with adequate margins whenever possible.
Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema in the Neck, Axilla, and Chest Regions in a Patient with Olfactory Neuroblastoma Treated with Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kesarwani Radha , Pandey Seema , Maurya Anil Kumar , Singh Virendra
Published: November 2018

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in the neck, axilla, and chest do not commonly occur after neoadjuvant cisplatin/etoposide chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy, and adjuvant cisplatin/etoposide chemotherapy in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. There are few case reports of pneumomediastinum induced by and occurring during bleomycin/etoposide/cisplatin chemotherapy in testicular cancer. The present case differs from the previous cases in that our patient developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in the neck, axilla, and chest approximately 2 months after completion of chemoradiotherapy for olfactory neuroblastoma. These conditions may have been treatment induced or caused by breath-holding after forceful inspiration. The latter would have created a massive pressure gradient between the alveoli and surrounding structures, causing alveolar rupture, and subsequent passage of air into the mediastinum and subcutaneous tissue of the neck, axilla, and chest.
Bilateral Fracture of the Handle Malleus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sepulveda Ilson , Ulloa J. Patricio , Santamaría Alfredo , Rivas-Rodriguez Francisco
Published: November 2018

Malleus fracture is a rare condition. Usually, the handle of the malleus is involved, and we do not find reports in the literature of this condition in the bilateral presentation. It is present as sudden conductive hearing loss commonly after digital manipulation of the external auditory canal. The diagnosis is based principally on clinical examination by otomicroscopy and audiometry. Cone-beam computed tomography emerging as a powerful tool in the field of otolaryngology, especially for explorations of paranasal sinuses and temporal bone, due to imaging with a high resolution and few artifacts with lower dose radiation in comparison with multislice computed tomography.
Résistance aux carbapénèmes chez les animaux en l’absence d’usage
Authors: Haenni Marisa , Lupo Agnese , Madec Jean-Yves
Published: November 2018

Les carbapénèmes, classe d’antibiotiques naturels ou semi-synthétiques de la famille des bêta-lactamines sont des antibiotiques de première importance en médecine humaine. Même si l’usage des carbapénèmes est interdit en médecine vétérinaire (antibiotiques critiques), des souches bactériennes résistantes à cette classe d’antibiotiques sont décrites dans le secteur animal. À partir d’exemple récents, cette communication a pour objectif de faire un point sur la situation chez l’animal domestique en France. En particulier, l’exemple de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans des infections cutanées chez le chien illustre comment la résistance aux carbapénèmes est très probablement sélectionnée par l’usage des fluoroquinolones et/ ou des aminosides (mécanismes d’efflux). Au final, ces éléments constituent une occasion supplémentaire de rappeler à la profession vétérinaire, l’importance de l’usage raisonné des antibiotiques en toutes circonstances.
L’usage en français du mot anglais « sentience » est-il pertinent ?
Authors: Le Bars Daniel , Milhaud Claude , Rousseau Jean-Paul
Published: November 2018

Is it relevant to use the english word «sentience» in french ?

Since Aristotle animals are considered as sensitive beings, what was recognized at the legislative level in the French rural and civil codes in 1976 and 2017, respectively. The XVIIIth century philosophers introduced the concept of «sentience» – the ability to feel – to differ from the reason – the capacity to think –. This notion was then clarified by the Anglo-Saxon philosophers of mind to express the capacity to feel subjective experiences («qualia», «phenomenal consciousness»), a clear and relatively «simple» concept but only approachable by introspection. In spite of this ontological difficulty, some animal ethics thinkers wish to introduce this concept into the French language, without wondering about its polysemy which, already, blurs its meaning in the English-speaking literature. According to the authors, «sentience» includes sensations, perception, emotions, feelings, affects, feeling, cognition, consciousness, etc. Each of these terms being polysemic and belonging to both the philosophic and scientific fields, the generic name appears as a semantic oldall compromising any reasoned approach. To convince oneself, it is enough to envisage the confusion driven by the replacement of the assertion «the animal is a sensitive being» by «the animal is a sentient being». At the legislative level, it would be the source of regrettable misunderstandings. Let us also underline the semantic trap that hides the grammatical use of the defined article and the singular, so neglecting the extraordinary diversity of the animal kingdom that spread out over space – our planet – and time – 600 millions years –.
Statistical variations of lower atmospheric turbulence and
roles of inertial gravity waves at a middle latitude radiosonde
site
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Shao Dong , Huang Chun Ming , Huang Kai Ming , Zhang Ye Hui , Gong Yun , Gan Quan
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Activities about turbulence and gravity waves are crucial for the understanding of the dynamical processes in the lower atmosphere. Thus, this study presents the long-term variations of turbulence and their associations with the Richardson number Ri and gravity waves by using a high-resolution radiosonde dataset from Miramar Nas (32.8° N, 117.1° W). Seasonal cycles and lognormal distribution are the two main characteristics of turbulence. The amount of turbulence can be increased where Ri exceeds any critical value, which suggests that the threshold Ri may not be an optimal predictor of the existence of turbulence, whereas a low Ri can lead to large and abundant turbulent energy dissipation rates. In general, dissipation rates from the radiosonde quantitatively agree with results from the neighboring MST radar given by Nastrom and Easton (2005), whereas an encouraging argument is reached in terms of the diffusion rate. The propagating gravity waves in the lower atmosphere, especially in the middle troposphere and the tropopause regions, can reduce Ri. Therefore, enhanced turbulent mixing is expected. Other roles of gravity waves in turbulent flow are that breaking waves and the temporal variations of waves may be occasionally transferred to turbulence and can roughly estimate dissipation rates at different heights.
Hydrological functioning of western African inland valleys explored with a critical zone model
Authors: Hector Basile , Cohard Jean-Martial , Séguis Luc , Galle Sylvie , Peugeot Christophe
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Inland valleys are seasonally waterlogged headwater wetlands, widespread across western Africa. Their role in the hydrological cycle in the humid, hard-rock-dominated Sudanian savanna is not yet well understood. Thus, while in the region recurrent floods are a major issue, and hydropower has been recognized as an important development pathway, the scientific community lacks precise knowledge of streamflow (Q) generation processes and how they could be affected by the presence of inland valleys. Furthermore, inland valleys carry an important agronomic potential, and with the strong demographic rates of the region, they are highly subject to undergoing land cover changes. We address both the questions of the hydrological functioning of inland valleys in the Sudanian savanna of western Africa and the impact of land cover changes on these systems through deterministic sensitivity experiments using a physically based critical zone model (ParFlow-CLM) applied to a virtual generic catchment which comprises an inland valley. Model forcings are based on 20 years of data from the AMMA-CATCH observation service and parameters are evaluated against multiple field data (Q, evapotranspiration – ET –, soil moisture, water table levels, and water storage) acquired on a pilot elementary catchment. The hydrological model applied to the conceptual lithological/pedological model proposed in this study reproduces the main behaviours observed, which allowed those virtual experiments to be conducted. We found that yearly water budgets were highly sensitive to the vegetation distribution: average yearly ET for a tree-covered catchment (944 mm) exceeds that of herbaceous cover (791 mm). ET differences between the two covers vary between 12 % and 24 % of the precipitation of the year for the wettest and driest years, respectively. Consequently, the tree-covered catchment produces a yearly Q amount of 28 % lower on average as compared to a herbaceous-covered catchment, ranging from 20 % for the wettest year to 47 % for a dry year. Trees also buffer interannual variability in ET by 26 % (with respect to herbaceous). On the other hand, pedological features (presence – or absence – of the low-permeability layer commonly found below inland valleys, upstream and lateral contributive areas) had limited impact on yearly water budgets but marked consequences for intraseasonal hydrological processes (sustained/non-sustained baseflow in the dry season, catchment water storage redistribution). Therefore, subsurface features and vegetation cover of inland valleys have potentially significant impacts on downstream water-dependent ecosystems and water uses as hydropower generation, and should focus our attention.
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and test accumulation in coastal microhabitats on San Salvador, Bahamas
Authors: Fischel Andrea , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , Vad Odgaard Bent
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Benthic foraminiferal populations were studied in a shallow bay of San Salvador Island, the Bahamas. Surface sediments and marine macrophytes were collected from 14 sample sites along a 500 m transect at Grahams Harbour to investigate the foraminiferal assemblage in each microhabitat and to test the link between dead foraminiferal test accumulation patterns and living epiphytic and sedimentary foraminiferal assemblages, macrophyte distribution, and environmental gradients. The analyses include grain size measurements, macrophyte biomass quantification, and qualitative and quantitative studies of benthic foraminifera. The foraminifera found attached to macrophytes differed between macrophyte habitats. However, a correlation between these living communities and the dead assemblages in the sediments at the same sites could not be observed. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) suggest that the presence of the macroalgae Halimeda explains 16 % of the residual faunal variation in the dead foraminiferal assemblage after the effects of sorting according to fall speed are partialled out. The RDA also reflects a positive correlation between foraminifera larger than 1.0 mm in diameter and the 0.25–0.5 mm sediment grain size, indicating sedimentological processes as the main factor controlling the sedimentary epiphytic foraminiferal assemblages. These sedimentary processes overprint most effects of ecological features or macrophyte-specific association.
Detectability of seismic waves from the submarine landslide that caused the 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami
Authors: Katsumata Akio , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Nakata Kenji , Fujita Kenichi , Tanaka Masayuki , Tamaribuchi Koji , Nishimiya Takahito , Kobayashi Akio
Published: November 2018

Abstract. On 17 July 1998, a tsunami caused serious damage on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea about 20 min after the mainshock of an Mw 7.0 earthquake. The tsunami has been attributed to a submarine landslide that occurred about 13 min after the mainshock because its arrival at the coast was too late and its height too great to be the direct result of the fault slip of the earthquake. Bathymetric data recorded after the tsunami revealed an amphitheater-like structure that was consistent with a recent submarine landslide. Most current tsunami warning systems are based on analysis of the early arrivals of seismic waves generated by an earthquake. In this study we investigated whether evidence of the landslide could be identified in the coda waves recorded after the mainshock. Based on previous studies of the tsunami source, we constructed synthetic seismograms to represent the submarine landslide and compared them to the observed coda waves of the preceding earthquake, with particular attention to the period around 13 min after the mainshock. We found phases possibly corresponding to the landslide event. However, they were easily covered with coda waves from the mainshock. We concluded that the 1998 landslide was too small to be evident in the coda waves following the magnitude 7 earthquake.
Prefigurar, co-crear, entretejer. Diseño, creatividad, interculturalidad
Authors: Valbuena Widman Said
Published: November 2018

Este artículo se enfoca en responder dos cuestiones ¿qué se entiende en el diseño por creatividad y por interculturalidad? y ¿cómo se han estudiado la interculturalidad y la creatividad en el diseño? Para ello se utiliza la codificación abierta propia del método de la teoría fundamentada, con una unidad de análisis conformada por las categorías de los enfoques de creatividad, diversidad cultural, multiculturalidad e interculturalidad, sumados a los recientes enfoques participativos y sociales del Diseño. El análisis conduce a establecer tres características de estos estudios: 1. El enfoque cognitivo de la creatividad es el más predominante, subordinando otras orientaciones epistemológicas que entienden la creatividad como un fenómeno socio-cultural e histórico, 2. Existe imprecisión conceptual y escaza problematización de la interculturalidad, confundiendo esta con diversidad cultural, multiculturalidad o transculturalidad en el diseño, y 3. La relación interculturalidad - creatividad es aún incipiente, prevaleciendo la idea de que la diversidad cultural puede provocar desarrollo creativo. Los resultados obtenidos impulsan esfuerzos para encontrar formas de hacer fluir la creatividad en sistemas sociales pluriculturales de Codiseño, buscando transformar la dispersión de la diversidad cultural en un tejido de relaciones interculturales.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER FLOWS PAST ELASTICALLY MOUNTED CYLINDER
Authors: Gonçalves R. A. , Teixeira P. R. F. , Didier E.
Published: November 2018

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon has drawn the attention of researchers in Engineering for several decades. An example is the riser used for petroleum exploration, in which it is subjected to marine flows that may cause oscillations due to vortex shedding. In this paper, numerical analyses of the phenomena that occur in the interaction among flows at low Reynolds numbers and elastically mounted cylinders are presented. The simulation is carried out by using the numerical model Ifeinco that uses a semi-implicit two-step Taylor-Galerkin method to discretize the Navier-Stokes equations and the arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian formulation to follow the cylinder motion. The rigid body motion description is calculated by using the Newmark method. Firstly, the characteristics of the vortex generation process for the fixed cylinder are analyzed. In this case, the Strouhal number, the mean drag and the RMS lift coefficients for Reynolds numbers ranging from 90 to 140 are shown. Afterwards, an analysis of a flexible supported cylinder (with a spring and a damper) in transverse direction subject to flows with Reynolds numbers ranging from 90 to 140 is carried out. The cylinder displacement and the vibration frequencies are studied; the synchronization between the vortex shedding and the vibration frequency (lock-in) is analyzed. Similar results to the experimental ones developed by Anagnostopoulos and Bearman (1992) were obtained in this study.
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF RTM AND LRTM PROCESSES APPLIED TO COMPLEX GEOMETRIES
Authors: Porto J. Da S. , Letzow M. , Dos Santos E. D. , Amico S. C. , Souza J. A. , Isoldi L. A.
Published: November 2018

Light Resin Transfer Molding (LRTM) is a variation of the conventional manufacturing process known as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). In general terms, these manufacturing processes consist of a closed mould with a preplaced fibrous preform through which a polymeric resin is injected, filling the mold completely, producing parts with complex geometries (in general) and good finish. Those processes differ, among other aspects, in the way that injection occurs. In the RTM process the resin is injected through discrete points whereas in LRTM it is injected into an empty channel (with no porous medium) which surrounds the entire mold perimeter. There are several numerical studies involving the RTM process but LRTM has not been explored enough by the scientific community. Based on that, this work proposes a numerical model developed in the FLUENT package to study the resin flow behavior in the LRTM process. Darcy’s law and Volume of Fluid method (VOF) are used to treat the interaction between air and resin during the flow in the porous medium, i.e. the mold filling problem. Moreover, two three-dimensional geometries were numerically simulated considering the RTM and LRTM processes. It was possible to note the huge differences about resin flow behavior and filling time between these processes to manufacture the same parts.
MODELING THE WIND INFLUENCE IN AN OIL SPILL ALONG THE SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN SHELF
Authors: Stringari C. E. , Marques W. C. , Mello L. F. , Edit R. T.
Published: November 2018

Oil spills can generate different effects in different time scales on the marine ecosystem. The numerical modeling of this process is an important tool with low computational cost which provides a powerful appliance to environmental agencies regarding the risk management. In this way, the objective of this work is evaluate the local wind influence in a hypothetical oil spill along the Southern Brazilian shelf. The numerical simulation was carried using the ECOS model (Easy Coupling Oil System), an oil spill model developed at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, coupled with the tridimensional hydrodynamical model TELEMAC3D (EDF, France). The hydrodynamic model provides the velocities, salinity and temperature fields used by the oil spill model to evaluate the behavior and fate of the oil. The results suggest that the local wind influence are the main forcing driven the fate of the spilled oil. The direction and intensity of the currents are important controlling the behavior and the tridimensional transportation of the oil, on the other hand, the turbulent diffusion is important for the horizontal drift of the oil. The weathering results indicate 40% of evaporation and 80% of emulsification, and the combination of these processes leads an increasing of the oil density around 53.4 kg/m³ after 5 days of simulation.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas J. V. C.
Published: November 2018

The problem of sewage and urban solid waste treatment has been increasing exponentially together with population and consumerism growth. There are many environmental questions about sewage and urban solid waste (including hospital waste), mainly when it is considered the fact that not the entire population has access to an adequate treatment system. Even with the current growing stage of development, part of the population does not have basic sanitation and, therefore has their waste disposed inadequately many times in rivers or creeks, and in garbage dumps and landfills. Human wastes are rich in organic material and do not comply with environmental laws standards for disposal in reception venues. In garbage dumps, the leachate that is produced by the urban solid waste degradation contaminates the soil, reaching the groundwater causing several diseases. Besides sewage, there are still other problems resulting from animal protein production, in which the animal confinement produces large amount of residuals with high organic load, causing serious problems when disposed directly in the environment. The thermal engineering community could contribute enormously to the search of solutions through the development of innovative engineering projects for the sewage and urban solid waste treatment, integrated with energy generation systems, contributing to green house gases emission reduction and the valorization of generated subproducts. Integrated complex systems could be conceived from existing technologies currently at an advanced development stage such as: biodigesters, microalgae cultivation photobioreactors, biofuels extraction and production, animal feed and human food supplies production, and electric energy generation. The developed technology, if conceived in modular fashion, would allow for the development of products that could supply a wide spectrum of market activities, either combined or separately, according to the demand.
CONVERSION OF TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINE TO OPERATE SOLELY WITH HYDROUS ETHANOL
Authors: Queiroga B. L. C. , Jaguaribe E. F. , Gonçalves M. S. J. , Oliveira B. L. N. , Rumão A. S.
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses the conversion of a turbocharged diesel engine to operate with hydrous ethanol, using procedures developed in Innovation Lab of UFPB, IL. An diesel engine, brand Perkins, model 1104C-44TAG2, was converted to operate with hydrous ethanol at the time that it amended its compression ratio of 18:1 to 9.3:1, suitable for an Otto Cycle engine to non-occurrence of detonation fuel. Comparing experimental data generated for the converted engine tests (which ranged the ignition advance, stoichiometric air/fuel ratio and rotation at 1800 rpm) with those obtained in tests with the original engine, and converted, 45 kWe, a cost reduction of 34% with Ignition Advance of 20°. It was taken into account in this analysis, and data on fuel consumption, the cost of diesel, R$ 1.90/liter, and hydrous ethanol, R$ 0.70/liter. Regarding the gaseous emissions, depending on the load, it was found that the NOX ranged from 50 to 1050 ppm, CO, 1 to 3%, CO2, 12 to 15% and HC 150 to 450 ppm.
PARAMETRIC SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION APPLIED TO THE BOW SHOCK WAVE SHAPE
Authors: Oliveira G. N. , Silva M. G. , Carrocci L. R.
Published: November 2018

In this paper it is addressed the prediction of form and location of detached shock waves ahead of two-dimensional and axially symmetric bodies at an zero angle of attack. As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, results show a very good agreement with experimental data. In this context an approximate method, based on a simplified form of the continuity relation, is developed to predict the location of detached shock waves ahead of two-dimensional and axially symmetric bodies. In order to reduce the problem to an equivalent onedimensional form, it is assumed that: (1) The form of the shock between its foremost point and its sonic point is adequately represented by a hyperbola asymptotic to tile free-stream Mach lines; and (2) the sonic line between the shock and the body is straight and inclined at a constant angle. Although the new methodology has some points of contact with earlier methodologies, the novelty here is that it is used Missile Datcom code as an aid to find out sonic point on body and also it is adopted Parametric System Identification (PSI) in the determination of bow shock shape which uses the Matlab® optimizer fmincon function and an active set strategy to minimize an error in a rms sense subject to simple constraint placed on the parameters by the user. The optimizer function calls a user written function which calculates the shape of the shock wave using the current parameters supplied by optimizer. Also for the shock distance L, the methodology presented here allows to select the value of the mentioned constant angle consistently based either in aerodynamics literature or through physical considerations. As the L value is previously known from measurements or aerodynamics literature, it was used an optimizer to minimize the error between predicted and known result varying a parameter which absorbs all inconsistencies that arise when it is used the basic Moeckel’s model considered here. Once the principal characteristics of the shock wave are calculated, an error value is returned to optimizer function based on the differences between predicted and known results.
A BRIEF STUDY ABOUT TWO-PHASE FLOW (LIQUID + GAS) MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Authors: Pereira B. S. A. , Sobrinho P. M. , Carrocci L. R.
Published: November 2018

This work presents a brief study about mathematical modeling of two-phase flow (liquid + gas), approaching homogeneous phase flows and heterogeneous phase flows, in addition to mathematical modeling of pressure drop in flow restriction through abrupt expansions and abrupt contractions. Also presents a summary of flow patterns main types and a brief study about how the flow velocity influences these patterns.
MULTI-FIELD STABILIZED FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS FOR OLDROYD-B FLUID FLOWS
Authors: Dos Santos D. D. , Frey S. , Naccache M. F. , Mendes P. R. de Souza
Published: November 2018

This work concerns with numerical simulations of creeping and inertial flows of viscoelastic fluids. The mechanical model consists of mass and momentum balance equations, coupled with the Oldroyd-B fluid. The model is approximated by a multi-field Galerkin least-squares (GLS) methodology in terms of extra-stress, velocity and pressure. The GLS method, introduced by Hughes et al. (1986) in the context of the Stokes problem for Newtonian fluidflows, allows the use of combinations of equal-order finite element interpolations and remains stable even for elastic- and inertiadominated fluid flows. Some steady simulations of Oldroyd-B fluids, flowing over a slot, are herein carried out. The influence of inertia and fluid viscoelasticity is taken into account ranging the Reynolds and Weissenberg numbers for relevant values of this flow. The results are in accordance to the viscoelastic literature and reassure the fine stability features of the GLS formulation.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF SO2 IN A SPRAY TOWER USING DIFFERENT SPRAY NOZZLES
Authors: Codolo M. C. , Bizzo W. A.
Published: November 2018

This work presents an experimental evaluation of the removal efficiency of SO2 in a spray tower. The experiments were carried out in different conditions, varying gas velocity and using different sprays nozzles. The influence of the height of tower on the removal efficiency was evaluated through experiments inside spray tower. In this study was used two sets of five nozzles, with diameter of orifice of 2.4 and 3.2 mm, and only one nozzle with diameter of orifice of 5.6 mm. The results showed the influence of the gas velocity and L/G ratio in the removal efficiency, the influence of the gas velocity on the volumetric gas side mass transfer coefficient and the influence of the height of the tower in the removal efficiency.
THE CALCIUM LOOPING CYCLE STUDY FOR CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE APPLIED TO THE ENERGY GENERATION
Authors: Ávila I. , Mortari A. , Santos A. M. , Crnkovic P. M.
Published: November 2018

The calcium looping process (Ca-L) is a promising technology to reduce of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when applied in energy generation systems. Ca-based materials (usually limestone) are used in this process as CO2 sorbents. Thus, the CO2 capture occurs by the reversible reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and CO2, resulting in the calcium carbonate form (CaCO3). Compared to other technologies applied to carbon sequestration process, the Ca-L offers additional advantages such: the use of fluidized bed technology that is already well established; this process occurs at high temperature, and the excess of heat generated can be recovered; the cost of limestone sorbents is low because of its wide availability. However, in the applying the Ca-L process is essential to understand the mechanism and the effect of partial pressure of CO2 in both, calcination and carbonation processes; to investigate the effect of sintering and to evaluate the sorbent activity decay. In this paper, empirical technique such as thermogravimetry is applied to investigate the reactivity of dolomite as CO2 sorbent. The effect of CO2 high concentrations in both calcination/carbonation processes is also investigated.