bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and risk perception toward HIV-, HBV-, and HCV-infected patients among dental students of October 6 University: descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Tarek Noura , Madkour Gihane , Hussien Amal
Published: December 2023

Dentistry involves the use of many instruments that are sharp and deal with blood and saliva that may be contaminated with either HBV, HCV, or HIV. Professional exposure of healthcare workers (as dentists and dental students) to blood or other potentially infected biological material may cause transmission of infection to them.

Transmission of infection can occur through several routes; mucosal, cutaneous, or percutaneous.

Transmission of pathogens may result in an asymptomatic infection. This situation may last for weeks or months until symptoms appear. Some patients are, thus, not aware of their infectious status and may carry an asymptomatic infection when visiting a dental practice.

Aim of study The objective of the current study was to detect the level of knowledge among dental students regarding the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. The attitude and risk perception of the students about the treatment of patients with these viruses were also assessed. In our study, we determined also the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and risk perception.

Methodology Six hundred eighty responded students were included in this study. They were selected from all 5 years of study to form 2 equal groups (340 students in each group), group I (junior students): 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years and group II (senior students): 4th and 5th years. The questionnaires (distributed to the students) included five main parts: the sociodemographic part, the knowledge part, the attitude part, the risk perception part, and the self-evaluation part.

Results (1) The correct answer score was higher in group II than in group I (58.54% and 41.46% respectively). (2) The professional attitude score was higher in group II than in group I (60.81% and 39.19% respectively). (3) The positive risk perception was higher in group II than in group I (56.20% and 43.80% respectively).

Conclusion The level of knowledge plays an important role in forming attitudes and risk perceptions toward patients with HBV, HCV, and HIV. This is of concern in dentistry and other similar fields like otolaryngology.
An investigation into the critical ingredients of intensive support teams for adults with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviour
Authors: Thomas Lucretia , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Marston Louise , Hassiotis Angela
Published: December 2023

Aims and method

NHS England recommends the commissioning of intensive support teams (ISTs) to provide effective support to people with intellectual disability (ID) when in crisis. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding how these services should be organised. This exploratory secondary analysis of data from the IST-ID study aimed to investigate IST characteristics that relate to clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was mean change in the total score on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and its subscales.

Results

A measure of mental illness severity was the only variable associated with our primary outcome of reduction in challenging behaviour. Accommodation type, affective status and gender were associated with the subdomains of irritability, hyperactivity and lethargy in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.

Clinical implications

Our findings indicate that variation in clinical outcomes is influenced by individual rather than organisational factors. Further research on the theoretical fidelity of the IST-ID model is needed.
How the Earth Feels
Authors: Luciano Dana
Published: December 2023

In How the Earth Feels Dana Luciano examines the impacts of the new science of geology on nineteenth-century US culture. Drawing on early geological writings, Indigenous and settler accounts of earthquakes, African American antislavery literature, and other works, Luciano reveals how geology catalyzed transformative conversations regarding the intersections between humans and the nonhuman world. She shows that understanding the earth's history geologically involved confronting the dynamic nature of inorganic matter over vast spans of time, challenging preconceived notions of human agency. Nineteenth-century Americans came to terms with these changes through a fusion of fact and imagination that Luciano calls geological fantasy. Geological fantasy transformed the science into a sensory experience, sponsoring affective and even erotic connections to the matter of the earth. At the same time, it was often used to justify accounts of evolution that posited a modern, civilized, and Anglo-American whiteness as the pinnacle of human development. By tracing geology's relationship with biopower, Luciano illuminates how imagined connections with the earth shaped American dynamics of power, race, and colonization.
Fatness but not Fitness Linked to BrainAge: Longitudinal Changes in Brain Aging during an Exercise Intervention
Authors: Wing David , Eyler Lisa T. , Lenze Eric J. , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Nichols Jeanne F. , Meeusen Romain , Godino Job , Shimony Joshua S. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Nishino Tomoyuki , Nicol Ginger E. , Nagels Guy , Roelands Bart
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Fitness, physical activity, body composition, and sleep have all been proposed to explain differences in brain health. We hypothesized that an exercise intervention would result in improved fitness and body composition and would be associated with improved structural brain health.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial we studied 485 older adults who engaged in an exercise intervention (n = 225) or a non-exercise comparison condition (n = 260). Using MRI, we estimated the physiological age of the brain (BrainAge) and derived a predicted age difference compared to chronological age (BrainPAD). Aerobic capacity, physical activity, sleep, and body composition were assessed and their impact on BrainPAD explored.

Results

There were no significant difference between experimental groups for any variable at any timepoint. The intervention group gained fitness, improved body composition, and increased total sleep time but did not have significant changes in BrainPAD. Analyses of changes in BrainPAD independent of group assignment indicated significant associations with changes in body fat percentage (r(479) = 0.154, p = 0.001), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r(478) = 0.141, p = 0.002), but not fitness (r(406) = -0.075, p = 0.129), sleep (r(467) range -0.017 to 0.063, p range 0.171 to 0.710), or physical activity (r(471) = -0.035 p = 0.444). With linear regression, changes in body fat percentage and VAT significantly predicted changes in BrainPAD (β = 0.948, p = 0.003) with one kg change in VAT predicting 0.948 years change in BrainPAD.

Conclusions

In cognitively normal older adults, exercise did not appear to impact BrainPAD, although it was effective in improving fitness and body composition. Changes in body composition, but not fitness, physical activity, or sleep impacted BrainPAD. These findings suggest that focus on weight control, particularly reduction of central obesity, could be an interventional target to promote healthier brains.
A Low or High Physical Activity Level Does Not Modulate Prostate Tumor Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates
Authors: Houben Lisanne H. P. , Tuytten Tom , Holwerda Andrew M. , Wisanto Erika , Senden Joan , Wodzig Will K. W. H. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Beelen Milou , Beijer Sandra , van Renterghem Koenraad , van Loon Luc J. C.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Physical activity level has been identified as an important factor in the development and progression of various types of cancer. In this study, we determined the impact of a low versus high physical activity level on skeletal muscle, healthy prostate, and prostate tumor protein synthesis ratesin vivoin prostate cancer patients.

Methods

Thirty prostate cancer patients (age: 66 ± 5 y, BMI: 27.4 ± 2.9 kg per m2) were randomized to a low (<4000 steps per day,n= 15) or high (>14000 steps per day,n= 15) physical activity level for seven days prior to their scheduled radical prostatectomy. Daily deuterium oxide administration was combined with the collection of plasma, skeletal muscle, non-tumorous prostate, and prostate tumor tissue during the surgical procedure to determine tissue protein synthesis rates throughout the intervention period.

Results

Daily step counts averaged 3610 ± 878 and 17589 ± 4680 steps in patients subjected to the low and high physical activity level, respectively (P< 0.001). No differences were observed between tissue protein synthesis rates of skeletal muscle, healthy prostate, or prostate tumor between the low (1.47 ± 0.21, 2.74 ± 0.70, and 4.76 ± 1.23 % per day, respectively) and high (1.42 ± 0.16, 2.64 ± 0.58, and 4.72 ± 0.80 % per day, respectively) physical activity group (allP> 0.4). Tissue protein synthesis rates were nearly twofold higher in prostate tumor compared with non-tumorous prostate tissue.

Conclusions

A short-term high or low physical activity level does not modulate prostate or prostate tumor protein synthesis ratesin vivoin prostate cancer patients. More studies on the impact of physical activity level on tumor protein synthesis rates and tumor progression are warranted to understand the potential impact of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
First record of invasive slug Krynickillus melanocephalus Kaleniczenko, 1851 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Agriolimacidae) in Poland
Authors: Maćkiewicz Jarosław J. , Borys Olsza
Published: December 2023

During amateur nature observations in Kabaty Woods Nature Reserve in Warsaw, a slug of family Agriolimacidae was sighted. Photos with localisation tags have been submitted to iNaturalist website, where the algorithm suggested an identification of Krynickillus melanocephalus Kaleniczenko, 1851. Following specialists’ interests, three specimens were collected from the original location. Anatomical examination confirmed their identification. It is therefore the first documented record of K. melanocephalus in Poland.
New findings on ligand series used as SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitors within the frameworks of molecular docking, molecular quantum similarity and chemical reactivity indices
Authors: Morales-Bayuelo Alejandro , Sánchez-Márquez Jesús
Published: December 2023

Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 virus causes an infectious illness named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus from the Betacoronavirus genus. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has an important role in the viral life cycle and its active site is a very accessible region, thus a potential therapeutic approach may be to target this region to study the inhibition of viral replication. Various preexisting drugs have been proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 and the use of existing antiviral agents may reduce the time and cost of new drug discoveries, but the efficacy of these drugs is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a number of ligands used as SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitors to determine the suitability of them for potential COVID-19 treatment. Methods In this study, we selected a series of ligands used as SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitors such as: abacavir, acyclovir, amprenavir, ascorbic acid vitamin C, azithromycin, baloxavir, boceprevir, cholecalciferol vitamin D, cidofovir, edoxudine, emtricitabine, hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir. These ligands were analyzed using molecular docking, molecular quantum similarity, and chemical reactivity indices defined within a conceptual density functional theory framework. Results The analysis of molecular quantum similarity indices on inhibitors showed a high number of differences from a structural point of view. However, they are quite similar in their electronic density, obtaining the highest values in the electronic similarity index. Global and local chemical reactivity indices were analyzed. Conclusions These studies allowed for the identification of the main stabilizing interactions using the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The molecular quantum similarity and chemical reactivity descriptors provide novel insights into these ligands that can be used in the design of new COVID-19 treatments.
Problem-based learning in research method courses: development, application and evaluation
Authors: Ramdani Yani , Kurniati Syam Nia , Karyana Yayat , Herawati Diar
Published: December 2023

Background The undergraduate curriculum in Indonesia generally requires students to take a research methods course as a prerequisite course for the preparation of scientific reports. The objective of this course is to teach students how to present research results both orally and in writing using the styles and forms of each university. However, this course is not popular among students because the material is complex and technical. As a result, there is a gap between learning outcomes and their application when students prepare scientific reports. Improving pedagogy and teaching interventions through student-developed research projects is important in complementing lectures. The purpose of this study was to analyze the improvement of students’ ability in writing scientific reports through research method courses using problem based learning (PBL). Methods This research was a case study to report the integration of scientific report writing in research methods courses through PBL at the Universitas Islam Bandung in Indonesia. PBL was implemented by involving students in research-related tasks with the following stages: writing research questions, determining the research design, collecting data, analyzing data, and presenting research results. Results The research results showed that there was an increase in scientific writing skills in the good category. Normalized gain for indicators of increasing accuracy using research report formats, suitability for using literature and research methods is 0.064 and 0.209, including the low category, and the plagiarism level is 0.509, including the medium category. Conclusions This finding implies that assigning students to write scientific reports using PBL in the research method classroom is useful for improving learning outcomes, presentation, reasoning, communication, ambiguous problem-solving, and reducing plagiarism. The findings of this study strengthen the findings of previous researchers, namely increase students’ abilities in using formatting to prepare scientific reports, using appropriate literature, mastering research materials as well as reducing the level of plagiarism.
Urban planning
Authors: Potaev Georgiy
Published: December 2023

The textbook outlines the scientific and methodological foundations and provides practical recommendations on the design, formation and development of modern cities and settlement systems. The materials included in the manual are based on an analysis of current trends in urban transformation and development, the best buildings of world leaders in architecture and urban planning in countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, China, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates. It contains a large number of examples and original photographs.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the specialties "Urban Planning", "Architecture", "Urban Construction", "Urban and regional Planning", "State and municipal Management", university professors, decision makers in the field of urban development management, for anyone interested in modern urban planning.
Innovative management in education
Authors: Patutina Nataliya , Gus'kov Yuriy , Kiseleva Ol'ga
Published: December 2023

The textbook reveals the regulatory and legal foundations of innovation in education. The algorithm of actions for designing an innovative educational platform is described, and modern tools for implementing basic and integrating functions of innovative project management in education are presented.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduates studying in the field of training 44.04.01 "Pedagogical education", training profiles "Personnel management in education", "Resource management of educational systems", studying the specifics of management in education, as well as for specialists in the field of education management.
Customs law
Authors: Zubach Anatoliy , Vahitov Amir , Veretenceva Irina , Zarembo Sergey , Kleymenova Anastasiya , Myshko Fedor , Nedosekova Elena , Rukavishnikov Sergey , Safonenkov Pavel , Cherevko Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The textbook highlights the issues of modern legal regulation of public relations in the field of customs.
In separate chapters of the textbook, based on the regulatory framework of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Russian Federation, the main institutions of customs regulation are considered, taking into account the requirements of the World Customs Organization.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students and postgraduates of higher educational institutions studying in the fields of "Customs business" and "Jurisprudence", as well as anyone interested in customs regulation issues.
Technologies and methods of fitness training
Authors: Zamogil'nov Aleksey , Krylov Valeriy , Yakunina Valeriya , Ivanov Artem
Published: December 2023

The textbook discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the organization of physical exercises in various forms and types of physical culture and sports.
The textbook includes three main sections of technology and methods of fitness training: strength training, functional (aerobic) training, basic and dance aerobics, which details the specifics of the methodology of using each type of fitness training.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is addressed to students of professional retraining courses in the profile "Fitness specialist" in the field of training "Physical culture", as well as students of the Faculty of Physical Culture in the areas of training "Physical Culture", "Pedagogical Education" (profile "Physical Culture").
Problems of qualification of non-financial assets in public sector organizations
Authors: Kachkova Ol'ga , Krishtaleva Taisiya
Published: December 2023

The monograph presents the results of a study on the application of federal accounting standards for public finance accounting for non-financial assets.
In conditions of inconsistency and discrepancies in the requirements of regulatory legal acts, the presented recommendations will facilitate the work of accountants of public sector organizations and help to correctly apply the federal accounting standards for public finance "Fixed assets", "Intangible Assets", "Unproduced assets", "Biological assets", "Reserves" in terms of reflecting transactions on accounting accounts and when development of the provisions of the accounting policy of the organization.
It is intended for scientists, practitioners, undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students interested in the problems of qualification of non-financial assets in public sector organizations.
Theoretical and experimental laser dosimetry
Authors: Rahmanov Boris , Kibovskiy Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The monograph considers models of the interaction of radiation fields of single-mode and multimode Gaussian laser beams with the optical system of the eye.
Formulas have been obtained that allow calculating the coefficient of the degree of danger of laser radiation both by the criterion of damage to the skin and cornea of the eye, and by the criterion of damage to the retina at any distance from the radiation source. Methods for selecting control points are proposed. Examples of specific methods of dosimetric
control of laser radiation at the workplaces of personnel servicing laser installations are given.
The theoretical foundations of circuit design solutions for laser dosimeters are considered. Modern requirements for the metrological characteristics of dosimeters, as well as methods and means of their verification are presented.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of technical and physico-mathematical universities and faculties.
Innovations in professional education: problems, approaches, pedagogical technologies
Authors: Belikov Vladimir , Romanov Petr , Baygutlin Rafik , Valeev Azat , Vaseva Ol'ga , Grigor'ev Evgeniy , Ivanova Elena , Leushkanova Ol'ga , Petrov Evgeniy , Hudayberdina Sazhida
Published: December 2023

The monograph presents the results of the work of the founders, leaders and participants of the scientific school V.A. Belikov, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, senior researcher of the Sibai Institute (branch) of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, and P.Yu. Romanov, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science of the Magnitogorsk Technical University named after G.I. Nosov. The foundations of the research activity of the scientific school staff are outlined. The methodological foundations and conditions for solving the problems of vocational education are described. The issues of professional education, socialization and prevention of desocialization of students of vocational education organizations are highlighted. The problems of digitalization in the system of innovative vocational education are analyzed. The pedagogical technologies of innovative professional education are considered.
It was prepared and published in the year of the 40th anniversary of V.A. Belikov's scientific activity and the 30th anniversary of P.Yu. Romanov's scientific activity.
It is intended for practitioners of the vocational education system, scientists researching the problems of this system, graduate students and applicants in the specialty 5.8.7 "Methodology and technology of vocational education" (pedagogical sciences).
Economics: Bachelor's final qualifying work
Authors: Reznik Semen , Mebaduri Zurab , Duhanina Elena , Chudaykina Tat'yana , Hrustalev Boris , Belyanskaya Nadezhda
Published: December 2023

The textbook examines the content, algorithm and stages of the state final certification of undergraduate students studying in the field of training 03/38/2011 "Economics". Special attention is paid to the choice of topics and the methodology for the development of the final qualifying work.
For students and teachers of economic universities and faculties.
Recent Political History: the Great Asian "arc of Tension" (1991-2011)
Authors: Karabuschenko Pavel , Kosov Gennadiy , Vartumyan Arushan , Shebzuhova Tat'yana , Os'kina Ol'ga , Lisyanskiy Igor' , Podvoyskiy Leonid , Rekesheva Farida , Romanova Anna , Baranov Andrey , Rezakov Ravil'
Published: December 2023

The textbook is a systematic presentation of the political processes that took place in the countries of the Caucasus region (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan) from 1991 to 2011. In methodological terms, all chapters are based on a single pattern (each chapter has six to seven paragraphs with the same titles). This is done so that the reader (student, graduate student, researcher) He could compare similar processes in the economic, political and cultural life of different states in the same historical period and independently conduct a comparative analysis of the processes taking place there.
It is intended for students studying disciplines: "Political Science", "International Relations", "Regionalism", "Economics", "National History", "Conflictology", "Elitology", and is also intended for a wide range of readers interested in the latest political history.
IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION OF A LOW-COST LOT-ENABLED SHAKE TABLE SYSTEM
Authors: AL-ZURIQAT THAMER , ABADIA PATRICIA PERALTA , GECK CARLOS CHILLÓN , DRAGOS KOSMAS , SMARSLY KAY
Published: December 2023

Shake tables are essential tools for validating structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. However, commercially available shake tables are relatively expensive and often hardly affordable for research and teaching institutions. Moreover, the widespread adoption of remote working and online teaching, fostered by the COVID-19 pandemic, often prevents researchers and students from physically accessing laboratories to conduct experiments. Research and teaching institutions would benefit from using lowcost shake tables with Internet-of-Things (IoT) capabilities for remotely conducting shake table experiments on test structures equipped with SHM systems. This paper presents the implementation and validation of a low-cost IoT-enabled shake table system (IoT-STS). The IoT-STS is composed of off-the-shelf components and builds upon a four-layer architecture. A smartphone application is devised to send periodic or random excitations, i.e. displacement time histories, through an IoT-based cloud service to a microprocessor, which, via actuators, imposes excitations on the shake table. Vice versa, the microprocessor sends the output displacement data, representing the motion reproduced by the shake table, to the cloud for remote access and visualization. To validate the IoT-STS, displacement time histories, remotely entered through the smartphone application, are compared with output displacement data, recorded by a potentiometer. The results demonstrate that the low-cost IoT-STS is capable of accurately imposing periodic and random excitations on test structures, thus showcasing the compatibility of the IoT-STS with remote working and online teaching in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING APPLIED FOR PIXEL-LEVEL CRACK DETECTION WITH BACKGROUND INTERFERENCES
Authors: CHEN SIYI , WANG YOUWU , NI YIQING
Published: December 2023

Cracks in civil infrastructures are an important sign of structural degradation and may indicate the inception of catastrophic failure. Existing image-based crack detection techniques face challenges when it comes to the complex background scenes. These irrelevant background interferences are common in practice and may trigger false alarms in crack detection. To eliminate their influence, hyperspectral imaging is employed in this study, which captures hundreds of spectral reflectance values in a pixel in the visible and near-infrared region. Compared with the conventional greyscale/RGB images which are limited to one/three wide spectral bands (red, green, blue), hyperspectral imaging can therefore provide more rich spectral information for crack detection/distinguish cracks from other background interferences. Due to the high correlations in hyperspectral image data, this study proposed a hyperspectral crack detection method using the low rank representation-based algorithm. Moreover, a locality constraint together with the dictionary learning process is incorporated into the proposed method to train a multi-class classifier. The built classification model is tested based on a real-world hyperspectral imaging dataset, which contains eight different surface objects in total. The trained classifier achieves an overall accuracy of 92.1%. The results show that the proposed method can predict cracks and other materials under complex scenes.
REAL TIME CONDITION MONITORING USING CAMERA AND PHASE-BASED MOTION ESTIMATION
Authors: LEE SEUNGHWAN , MIAO YINAN , KONG YESEUL , NAM HYEONWOO , PARK GYUHAE
Published: December 2023

Defects on manufacturing equipment, such as abrasion, corrosion, and deposition, may decrease the production quality and even lead to the shutdown of the entire manufacturing line. Various condition monitoring technologies have been developed to predict machine health and safety through contact sensors. The noncontact camera has shown many advantages over the conventional contact sensors, including high spatial resolution, low cost and remote sensing. Moreover, phase-based motion amplification has proven to be an efficient tool for detecting subtle vibrations. However, the motion amplification requires significant computational resources and does not provide direct motion signal output. To detect abnormal vibrationsduring long-term inspections, a more efficient phase-based motion estimation technique is necessary. In this study, we propose a real-time vibration monitoring system that uses a camera and image phase. We use single optimal Gabor filter with phase-based optical flow to extract the vibrational motion. The use of single optimal filter significantly reduces computation costs and enables accurate measurement of vibration signals even in the low-light condition and/or with image noise. Parallel computing scheme is also introduced for real-time condition monitoring. We conducted validation experiments on a structure with multiple vibrating components that simulate a real factory line. Damage detection is performed on the structure with two damaged cases. All the results show that the proposed technique can accurately measure displacement and provide a novel solution for camera-based real-time damage detection.
BRIDGE POINT CLOUD COMPLETION USING DEEP LEARNING OBTAINED IN ACTUAL BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Authors: MATONO GEN , NISHIO MAYUKO
Published: December 2023

Point cloud, which can be obtained by optical measurement, is recently recognized to be useful in SHM for the maintenance and management of existing civil structures. However, there are some issues in measuring point cloud of large structures such as bridges. First, multiple measurements from different locations are required to reconstruct the point cloud of a whole structure. Second, the parts, where are interrupted by trees or other objects cannot be measured well even in uses of cameras or 3D scanners. Therefore, the point clouds acquired in actual structures cannot prevent missing parts or lack of details of structural configurations. This study aims to show applicability of deep learning for reproducing the partial point cloud obtained from measurements in actual structures into a completed point cloud. The experiment results show that even with limited data, transfer of training weight and component-wise completion can yield greater accuracy compared to completion of the entire bridge.
HIGH-RESOLUTION VISION TRANSFORMERS FOR PIXEL- LEVEL IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND DAMAGE
Authors: ELTOUNY KAREEM , SAJEDI SEYEDOMID , LIANG XIAO
Published: December 2023

Visual inspection is predominantly used to evaluate the state of civil structures, but recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial intelligence have increased the speed, safety, and reliability of the inspection process. In this study, we develop a semantic segmentation network based on vision transformers and Laplacian pyramids scaling networks for efficiently parsing high-resolution visual inspection images. The massive amounts of collected high-resolution images during inspections can slow down the investigation efforts. And while there have been extensive studies dedicated to the use of deep learning models for damage segmentation, processing high-resolution visual data can pose major computational difficulties. Traditionally, images are either uniformly downsampled or partitioned to cope with computational demands. However, the input is at risk of losing local fine details, such as thin cracks, or global contextual information. Inspired by super-resolution architectures, our vision transformer model learns to resize high-resolution images and masks to retain both the valuable local features and the global semantics without sacrificing computational efficiency. The proposed framework has been evaluated through comprehensive experiments on a dataset of bridge inspection report images using multiple metrics for pixel-wise materials detection.
GTRF: A GENERAL TUPLES RECOGNITION FRAMEWORK TOWARDS DEEP LEARNING-DRIVEN STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING ADAPTED TO DIVERSE SUPERVISION PARADIGMS
Authors: XIONG QINGSONG , YUAN CHENG , XIONG HAIBEI , KONG QINGZHAO
Published: December 2023

Leveraging the powerful capabilities of deep learning (DL) techniques, the DL-driven tuple recognition approach has successfully addressed numerous challenges in SHM by associating tuples with structural patterns. However, the robustness and generalizability of the model are significantly compromised due to limitations in their designated feature extraction strategies, network architectures, and supervision learning schemas. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel General Tuple Recognition Framework (GTRF) that supports supervised (SL), unsupervised (UL), and semi-supervised learning (SSL) paradigms. The present article provides a detailed explanation of the mechanism and workflow of the proposed GTRF. Equipped with sophisticated networks and innovative components, the GTRF demonstrates competence in various tuple recognition tasks across different learning paradigms. The validation experiments conducted in the field of SHM include vibration SL-recognition of a prototype skyscraper, damage UL-detection of a laboratory RC beam, and condition SSLassessment of a full-scale building model. To ensure the adaptability of diverse tuples, two commonly used data forms, namely acceleration measurements and piezoelectric signals, are employed in the experimental validations. The comprehensive results confirm the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed GTRF. The flexible paradigm specialization, broad application, and potential for optimization make the proposed GTRF framework a promising prototype for bridging the gap between DL algorithm fusion and model integration across different learning paradigms.
IFLYNET: INFERRING UAV FLIGHT FROM WING BEHAVIOR
Authors: TOPAC O. TANAY , GRAY CODY , KUMAR AMRITA , CHANG FU-KUO
Published: December 2023

We introduce iFlyNet, a novel flight state awareness system that is robust, lowprofile, and more reliable in harsh conditions than conventional methods. The system interprets the global flight state of a UAV by monitoring multimodal structural characteristics of its wings, where aerodynamics are predominant. A microfabricated transducer array consisting of temperature compensated strain and piezoelectric sensors captures the wing’s static and dynamic stress profiles at multiple spatial locations. This data informs our deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network-based sensor fusion algorithm designed to run on flight vehicle computer at near real-time speeds. Wind tunnel experiments with the sensors installed on a single wing demonstrate that iFlyNet can accurately predict the flight state variables of airspeed and angle of attack across the flight envelope of the UAV. In addition, we also show the benefits of our system compared to status-quo techniques through accurate predictions of lift and drag forces and high-precision tracking of stall occurrence at highly variable environmental conditions. By nearly matching the readings of traditional state measurement devices at a fraction of weight as well as providing accurate predictions of flight performance and safety-critical metrics, our system offers a unique paradigm for aircraft state identification.
Maybe you can be too resilient: a sociological investigation into how student social workers perceive resilience in their practice
Authors: Considine Tom
Published: December 2023

Resilience has attracted immense interest for researchers and practitioners. Arguably, resilience is a laudable quality, and post-COVID-19, the need for resilience is greater. Most studies examining resilience are socially blind and place emphasis on individual responsibility. Developing this critique further, this is the first study that draws significantly on the ideas of Charles Wright Mills and his defining principles to relate the ‘private’ concerns of being resilient to the ‘public’ context that creates this experience. This article presents a qualitative study that investigated how student social workers perceived resilience in their practice. A total of 16 social work students were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The aim of the article is to analyse the capacity for resilience to be deployed as a means of exercising domination over social work students in order to exploit and control them. An alternative conception of resilience is promoted that advocates a collective response to the challenges facing social workers.
Method for Plasma Damage Assessment of Optics
Authors: Tillo Dakshin , Jagroop  , Narayanamurthy C S , Dev D Sam Dayala
Published: December 2023

A novel measurement setup based on Digital Holography Microscopy in reflection and Total internal reflection mode is developed for quantitative assessment of plasma damage of fused silica optics
Improving the Optical Throughput of FTIR Spectrometers via Deep Learning
Authors: Yang Zichun , Shang Linwei , Wu Jinjin , Yin Jianhua , Wang Huijie
Published: December 2023

With the Jacquinot Stop, Fourier transform infrared spectrometers suffer from a conflict between optical throughput and spectral resolution. This work effectively eliminated the spectral broadening induced by larger stop diameter through deep learning-based numerical recovery.
Characterizing the Structure of Levitated Nanoparticles via Scattering Light with Optical Tweezers
Authors: Li Cuihong , Ma Yuanyuan , He Chaoxiong , Wang Jinchuan , Dong Ying , Hu Huizhu
Published: December 2023

We propose and demonstrate a method for characterizing the shape of optically levitated nanoparticles using their scattering light patterns. By incorporating the absolute scattering power, a complete structural representation can be achieved.
Exploiting Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Copper Electrodes Towards Sensing of Prominent Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Daimari Nikhil Kumar , Das Upama , Islam Khairul , Biswas Rajib
Published: December 2023

This work reports sensing of heavy metal ions: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by employing gold nanoparticles modified copper (Cu) electrodes.
Bioplastic Diffraction Gratings Based on Chitosan from Crab Shell Waste Incorporated with Starch and Plasticizer
Authors: Gumayan Efren G. , Dimzon Ian Ken D. , Maquiling Joel T. , Janayon Rayno Vic , Dulpina Caironesa P. , Guerrero Raphael A.
Published: December 2023

We report the successful fabrication, through soft lithography, of bioplastic diffraction gratings from chitosan extracted from crab shell waste and blended with starch and glycerol. Diffraction experiments confirm the fidelity of the replication process.
Non-contact topography using quadratic optimization approach in diffraction phase microscopy
Authors: Narayan Subrahmanya Keremane , Vithin Allaparthi Venkata Satya , Gannavarpu Rajshekhar
Published: December 2023

In this article, we present an approach that utilizes a quadratic optimization procedure enabling nanoscale surface profile measurement. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through experimentally obtained noisy interferograms.
Microchannel Fabrication on Starch-Based Elastomers through Laser Engraving for Microfluidic Applications
Authors: N Pooja , Ahmed Nafisa Yeshmin , Santhosh Neha P , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Starch-based elastomers were engraved with microchannels using a CO2 laser. These environmentally friendly and biocompatible starch films show potential as an alternative material for microfluidic chips.
Enhancement of terahertz wave emission from laser- ionized liquid water lines by plasma reshaping
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , He Yuhang , Tian Zhen , Dai Jianming
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate that, by plasma reshaping using a pair of orthogonally oriented cylindrical lenses to focus the laser beam, a 5-times enhancement of THz pulse energy detected from laser-ionized water lines can be achieved.
Classification of OAM Speckle Field from Fresnel to Fraunhofer Region
Authors: Badavath Purnesh Singh , Pandit Manas Ranjan , Kumar Vijay
Published: December 2023

The evolution of the OAM speckle fields from the Fresnel to Fraunhofer region has been studied for the classification of OAM beams using 1D-CNN.
Photonic Blind Source Separation Based on Point cloud Analysis and Deep Learning
Authors: Shi Taichu , Garofolo James , Qi Yang , Wu Ben
Published: December 2023

We proposed and demonstrated a blind source separation method utilizing deep learning-based point cloud analysis algorithms. By treating the signals as point clouds and utilizing their statistical information, signal of interest can be recovered.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy Analysis of Chlorophyll Degradation in Ornamental Plants
Authors: Basak Rhea , Karnati Manikanth , Naik Aditi , Raju Gagan , Nadumane Sharmila Sajankila , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

The chlorophyll degradation was studied on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of leaves of ornamental plants (Bougainvillea sp., Ixora coccinea, Allamanda sp., and Jasminum sambac) in the span of six days using a UV-Vis spectrograph.
Optical spectroscopic techniques for assessment of photopigments in Mangifera indica leaves
Authors: Chatterjee Divyani , Karnati Manikanth , Raju Gagan , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Photopigments are essential components of plant leaves that affects plant survivability. Different photopigments help in absorption and emission of light from the environment. Optical spectroscopic techniques measures the intensity at which different photopigments are observed.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy For Assessment of Photopigments in Leaf of Medicinal Plant
Authors: Karnati Manikanth , Naik Aditi , Raju Gagan , nadumane Sharmila sajankila , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Photopigment degradation in the leaf directly impacts the quality of the leaf over time during storage. The present study employs time dependant Uv- vis spectroscopic analysis for analysis of the nature of the leaf during storage.
Investigation of the effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the physico-chemical properties of potato starch using spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Anusha  , Das Baishali , Aomoa Ngangom , Moulick Rakesh , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Potato starches were subjected to non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma with the dosage of a voltage of 1 KV and 30 mA of current for 5 min. Physio-chemical examination was carried out for the morphological characterization of native and plasma treated starch.
Biophysical Characterization and Comparison of Indigenous Rice Cultivars for Nutraceutical Benefits
Authors: Chakraborty Ishita , Anusha  , Govindaraju Indira , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Rice is the primary source of nutrition and good source of complex carbohydrates. This study employs microscopy and spectroscopy analysis to determine the physicochemical characteristics of rice starch extracted from Karnataka and Assam.
Quantitative Phase Imaging of Histopathological Breast Cancer Tissue by Digital Holographic Method
Authors: Thomas Leena , M K Sheeja
Published: December 2023

The quantitative analysis of phase images enables to measure various properties of the biological tissue sample. The Digital Holographic method is a powerful tool to perform quantitative analysis of images. This work demonstrates the capture of digital holograms of breast cancer tissues and the subsequent reconstruction of both the amplitude and phase images.
Time-frequency state characterization through chronocyclic Q–function measurement
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhinandan , Folge Patrick , Serino Laura , Brecht Benjamin , Silberhorn Christine
Published: December 2023

We measure the chronocyclic Q–function of single-photon level telecom-wavelength pulses and reconstruct their spectral amplitude and phase distributions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the reconstruction of pulses with complex shapes including discontinuous phases.
Evading the Schawlow-Townes limit in feedback oscillators
Authors: Loughlin Hudson A. , Sudhir Vivishek
Published: December 2023

We develop a general quantum theory of feedback oscillators and use it to study the origin of quantum noise in such systems, the limitations posed by quantum noise, and systematic techniques to evade these limitations. For a laser, the quantum noise limit is the Schawlow-Townes limit, which can be evaded using squeezing or entanglement.
Smart few-mode fiber multiplexer using multiplane light conversion
Authors: Pohle Dennis , Barbosa Fabio A. , Ferreira Filipe M. , Rothe Stefan , Czarske Juergen W
Published: December 2023

We propose a digital twin using multiplane light conversion and neural networks for a digitally programmable multiplexer for space division multiplexing. The new approach is promising for few-mode fiber communication.
Off-axis Aberrations Improve Two-Point Resolution
Authors: Liang Kevin
Published: December 2023

With Fisher information as a metric, off-axis aberrations are shown to improve the resolution limit for two equally bright, incoherent point sources. This implies that diffraction-limited imaging systems may not be optimal for resolution.
High-speed CMOS imaging with fiber bundle optical reassignment
Authors: Zheng Corey , Mandracchia Biagio , Jia Shu
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate ultra-fast 25.6kHz imaging on a conventional epi-fluorescent sCMOS camera setup, surpassing the compromise between field of view (FOV) and imaging speed via introducing a custom fiber-optic bundle without significant complexity or cost.
Coupling of a Notched Ring Microresonator to a Straight Input Waveguide
Authors: Courtright Logan , Carruthers Thomas F. , Menyuk Curtis R. , Mahmood Tanvir , Cho Sang-Yeon , Cahill James P. , Zhou Weimin
Published: December 2023

We describe a notched AlGaAs ring microresonator design that minimizes the overlap between the TE and TM modes. We use coupled mode theory to study the coupling between the microresonator and a straight input waveguide.
Simplifying Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Leveraging Low-Cost Microscopy, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression Algorithms
Authors: Foiani Letícia , Almeida Janete , Martinho Herculano
Published: December 2023

This study centered on the construction of a low-cost microscope using a smartphone camera, employed to diagnosing oral cancer using dried saliva, that could correctly diagnose 77% of the samples that a conventional microscope did.
Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy with Light Field and Deep Learning
Authors: Han Keyi , Hua Xuanwen , Wang Xiaopeng , Jia Shu
Published: December 2023

We propose a 3D single-molecule super-resolution imaging method with light-field microscopy and deep learning network that significantly loosen the computational burden of volumetric reconstruction while maintaining large field of view and extended depth of focus.
Universal Master Equation for Passive Modelocking: A Half-Century Challenge Solved
Authors: Prati Franco , Perego Auro M. , Redondo Javier , de Valcárcel Germán J.
Published: December 2023

We present a universal master equation encompassing all modelocking regimes under arbitrary conditions. This description has remained elusive for nearly 50 years despite the essential role of passive modelocking in ultrafast laser science and technology.
0.7-dB Noise Figure Phase-Sensitive Amplification Using Low-Loss Fiber-Pigtailed PPLN Module
Authors: Kazama Takushi , Enbutsu Koji , Kashiwazaki Takahiro , Umeki Takeshi
Published: December 2023

We have developed a low-loss fiber-pigtailed optical-parametric-amplification module based on a periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide fabricated with a dicing saw. Using the module, ultra-low-noise phase-sensitive amplification with a noise figure of 0.7 dB was demonstrated.
Intermodal phase matching for tuning and spectral translation of Raman shifted Erbium mode-locked combs over five octaves
Authors: V Seth Mathew , Mishra Akhileshwar , Pant Ravi
Published: December 2023

We tune a 1560 nm mode-locked laser to 1608 nm using intrapulse Raman scattering and spectrally translated it over five octaves to create tunable combs at 780 nm, 520 nm, 390 nm and 260 nm.