bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Program-target method in planning of state budget
Authors: Lisnichuk Oksana , Medvidchuk Liudmyla
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is the development of proposals for improving the methodology of program-targeted planning in the process of managing the State Budget of Ukraine.

Methodology of research. The following methods of economic research are used in the article: comparative analysis, causal analysis, expert survey – in determining the effectiveness of the National Target Program “Drinking Water of Ukraine for 2011-2020”; tabular and graphical methods – for visual visualization of the analysed / obtained data; abstract and logical – in formulating conclusions from the study.

Findings. It is established that the total number of state targeted programs is reduced in recent years in Ukraine, respectively, and the amount of their funding is reduced, and the quality of their development and implementation remains low. It is substantiated that the program-targeted approach in Ukraine is unalterable, as it most fully and consistently allows in practice to implement the principles of state budget planning.

At the same time, certain restrictions in the use of program-targeted planning have been identified. The method of evaluating the effectiveness of budget programs at all stages of the budget process is proposed, which can be a supplement to existing methodological approaches to realistically assess the implementation of a program, correct planned results, clarify goals and basic parameters of state programs of social and economic development of Ukraine.

Originality. Scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of budget programs have been further developed; in particular, proposals have been developed to improve the methodology of program-targeted planning in the process of managing the State Budget of Ukraine.

Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be the basis for improving the current methodology for assessing the effectiveness of budget programs in Ukraine, as well as identifying opportunities for European practice of program-targeted budget planning.

Key words: state budget, planning, program-target method, evaluation, efficiency, program.
Institutional environment of public finance
Authors: Derlytsia Andrii
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is research of the institutional environment of public finance and its components in the light of achievements of foreign and domestic economic science.

Methodology of research. The following general and special methods are used to achieve this goal: comparative analysis – in assessing alternative approaches to the interpretation of the concept of institution; method of scientific abstraction – in highlighting the essential features of financial institutions and their differences from fiscal institutions; systemic, structural analysis, grouping – in identifying the components of the institutional environment of public finance and structural features of the public sector.

Findings. Alternative approaches of institutional theory to the interpretation of the concept of institution are considered. A compromise application the interpretation of institutions in the approaches of D. North and O. Williamson to the sphere of public finance has been made. The components of the institutional environment of public finance are distinguished: institutions (norms, rules), institutional units (organizations, structures), transactions (interaction, relations). The institutional structure of the public sector is considered. The principle of “presumption of inefficiency” as a key one in the institutional analysis of the sphere of public finance is outlined.

Originality. The paper substantiates the components of the institutional environment of public finance by clearly outlining the semantic use of the terms “institution” and “institutions” in relation to this area.

Practical value. The approaches to the interpretation of the concepts “financial institutions”, “institutional environment”, “public sector” proposed in the research, will contribute to the development of a unified approach in the domestic institutional theory.

Key words: public finance, financial institutions, fiscal institutions, institutional environment, institutional units, public sector, transactions.
Organizational and economic principles of functioning of the infrastructure of investment activity in the agricultural sector of Ukraine
Authors: Koziar Natalia
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is the development of practical recommendations for the development of infrastructure for investment activities in the agricultural sector of Ukraine.

Methodology of research. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is a dialectical method of cognition and a systematic approach to the study of the fundamental provisions of economics in relation to the implementation of investment activities in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. A set of special methods of economic research is used in the research process. The conclusions of the research are formulated with the help of abstract and logical method. The method of theoretical generalization is used in the critical analysis of research results of domestic scientists on the substantiation of the development of infrastructure in the agricultural sector of Ukraine.

Findings. It has been proved that an important tool for intensifying the investment activity of agricultural producers at the level of the country and individual regions is the creation of investment infrastructure, as well as a favourable macro-environment. The main elements of the investment infrastructure should be organizations that provide information, technical and technological, research, personnel, consulting, financial support, as well as logistics services. Tools for regulating investment processes should be aimed at regulating inter-budgetary relations, coordinating the interests of participants in investment activities, placement of projects, providing investors with preferences, organizing their implementation.

Originality. The expediency of creating a system of institutional structures focused on increasing the investment attractiveness and service of agricultural producers directly is substantiated in order to intensify investment processes in agricultural enterprises. It is proved that at the regional level it is advisable to create an agricultural investment park on the basis of agricultural higher education institutions and research institutes of agro-industrial production of NAAS of Ukraine, the main purpose of which will be a set of measures to meet the needs of agricultural enterprises in investment services.

Practical value. The proposed measures for the formation of institutions for infrastructure support of the investment process in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, in particular the creation of agro-investment parks, can be implemented at the regional level (Vynnytsia region). According to the results of the activities of similar institutions in the Kyiv region, there is activity among small and medium-sized farms in the corporate sector to obtain services for investing funds in expanding their production and economic activities.

Key words: agricultural sector, investment activity, infrastructure, agro-investment park, investment.
Features of conducting judicial economic expertise with documentary evidence of lack of inventory
Authors: Horlachuk Oleksii
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is consideration of the characteristic features of conducting judicial economic expertise with documentary evidence of the shortage of commodity and material assets according to the results of the inventory.

Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the scientific works of economists, legislative and normative legal acts. The following general scientific methods are used in the research process: analysis and synthesis, generalization – to determine the method of conducting a complete and objective economic study by a forensic expert; abstract and logical – for the formation of conclusions and proposals.

Findings. The essence of the shortage of inventory, the reasons for its occurrence and stages of enterprises and organizations, a set of general and special research methods, including methods of documentary verification used by forensic economic experts in documenting the shortage of commodity and material assets, is considered.

The expediency of application of software products in practical work of experts-economists is substantiated, which is explained by automated accounting at the enterprises and the organizations which documentary materials in electronic form can be used in case of appointment by judicial investigative bodies of judicial economic examinations upon establishment of shortage of commodity and material assets. This will increase the effectiveness of their activities.

Originality. The study of the peculiarities of conducting economic examinations to substantiate the shortage of commodity and material assets was further developed.

Practical value. The proposed methods can be used in conducting this type of examination by economic specialists.

Key words: inventory, inventory acts, inventory descriptions, shortage of commodity and material assets, materially responsible person.
Legislative conflicts of development of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in Ukraine
Authors: Shuliuk Bohdana
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the legislation governing the formation and operation of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, as well as to substantiate measures to address its gaps.

Methodology of research. The following methods are used in conducting the research: an analysis and comparison – in study the normative and legal acts in relation to adjusting of financial mechanism of public-private partnership. The logical assessment was used to substantiate proposals for improvement and the main aspects of the development of legislative support of this mechanism. The generalization was used in the process of formulating conclusions based on the results of the analysis.

Findings. It is established that normative and legal base for the development of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership is at the stage of formation, accompanied by a number of problems and constraints that hinder the development of the mechanism. It is multilevel, confusing, complex and bureaucratic. Therefore, the need to develop a state strategy for the development of partnership between the state and business at the national level is substantiated; establishing compliance between the legislation of general and specialized action; development and adoption of legislation that would regulate the partnership between the state and business in various types of economic activities and areas of social infrastructure, etc.

Originality. Recommendations have been made to improve the legislative support for the development of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, which, in contrast to the existing ones, will make it possible to resolve contradictory provisions in the field of cooperation between the state and business.

Practical value. The practical implementation of the proposed measures will create favourable legislative conditions for the development of this mechanism, which will allow to solve state problems in the economic sphere and social infrastructure, as well as to stimulate entrepreneurial activity.

Key words: financial mechanism, public-private partnership, legislation of Ukraine, economic sphere, social infrastructure, priorities of budget financing.
Predictive Maintenance Tools – A Global Survey
Authors: Rodrigues Joao , Torres Farinha Jose , Marques Cardoso Antonio
Published: January 2021

The importance given to the maintenance in the industrial world has grown over time, with new methods, new procedures and new challenges, due to the availability of new technologies. This paper focus on a global survey about predictive maintenance tools that support predictive maintenance, from the time series and decision trees until Artificial Intelligence. The approach of the several tools that can help the prediction is holistic, because new tools do not eliminate the importance of the old ones: they are complimentary and each new tool that is developed add potential for a better prediction. Additionally, it must be emphasized that some tools, that seem new are, in practice, old tools with new and powerful computational devices, assuming a new and strategic importance nowadays.
Securing Data: A Study on Different Transform Domain Techniques
Authors: Dutta Saugata , Saini Kavita
Published: January 2021

Steganography is a technology which is utilized in securing information through hiding data over another data which can be stored or passed over public network without a clue that secret data is hidden in the cover medium. This article focus on securing and hiding the data through transform domain techniques used in Image, Audio and Video steganography. The review study throws light on the algorithm and properties of transform domain techniques and its benefits to utilize in securing data. Parameters such as imperceptibility, capacity and robustness are evaluated for discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT).
ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY INDUSTRY IN INDIA: A CASE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION DYNAMICS
Authors: Katoch R. , Sidhu A.
Published: January 2021

With the advent of digital technology in food market, online platforms have been used to deliver meals from a variety of restaurants through a mobile app. The pace with which this industry is flourishing. It becomes imperative to have real knowledge about the factors which are contributing to the popularity of these apps and enhancing customer satisfaction. The present research reports the results of an empirical study covering 300 respondents across India,based on exploratory,confirmatory factor analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to identity satisfaction determinants among food aggregators Viz. single online portal users. Present study envisages three dimensions which are given importance by the customers andsuggests that food aggregator industry should primarily focus on product quality and pricing as core attributes of their service offerings followed by consumer convenience by leveraging the technology to ensure their sustainability in the era of stiff competition in this fast-changing food aggregators market rather than competing on the basis of delivery staff competence as the results give least importance to staff competence (significant at 10\% level of significance).
ANALYSIS THE CLUSTER PERFORMANCE OF REAL DATASET USING SPSS TOOL WITH K-MEANS APPROACH VIA PCA
Authors: Ahamad M.K. , Bharti A.K.
Published: January 2021

Partitioning problems are handled by the idea of cluster and this technique which plays the essential work in mining of data from the given dataset. The K-Means cluster is well accepted theory to apply on huge datasets, but has some drawbacks. The factual dataset is taken from the repository of data used for clustering. Furthermore, as getting the outcome of this procedure is essential to resolve the limitations and quality enhanced of cluster by apply the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the dataset. In paper we have demonstrate the results by experimental for factual datasets with dissimilarities. We have worked to validate the experimental significant for the clusters metric and component size minimized for different dataset during the processing on SPSS tool on the basis of eigenvalues. In this research paper we also discussed the comparative analysis of distance between initial centroid of wine and disease of heart dataset at the level of cluster k=2 and k=3.
Allelopathic potential of Ficus
retusa L. leaf litter on understory vegetation in urban gardens
Authors: Hassan Mahmoud Omar , Mohamed Howida Yacoup , Aboellil Ayman Hassan
Published: January 2021

Pruning Ficus trees in urban green spaces may lead to the accumulation and spread of their leaf litter on the understory vegetation. This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Ficus retusa L. leaf litter on the understory species in urban gardens. A field study showed that the plant cover and species richness of litter-affected plots were lower than those of litter-free areas. The litter-affected soils had substantially lower pH and higher electrical conductivity. In a greenhouse experiment, litter-affected soil significantly inhibited the emergence and growth of understory species selected for the purpose of this study: Melilotus indicus (L.) All., Trifolium resupinatum L. and Amaranthus viridis L. Osmotic potentials equivalent to those of the litter-affected soils did not affect emergence or growth of these species. A spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the litter-affected soils contained larger amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. An HPLC analysis revealed that the litter-affected soils contained higher concentrations of free phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals. These results demonstrate that F. retusa leaf litter may reduce plant cover and species richness. The significant inhibition in both field and greenhouse experiments could be attributed to phenolic and flavonoid allelochemicals released from the tree litter, as the osmotic potential of the litter had no effect on the understory species. The allelopathic potential of F. retusa leaf litter plays at least a partial role in reducing urban vegetation.
Total synthesis of decarboxyaltenusin
Authors: Warmuth Lucas , Weiß Aaron , Reinhardt Marco , Meschkov Anna , Schepers Ute , Podlech Joachim
Published: January 2021

The total synthesis of decarboxyaltenusin (5’-methoxy-6-methyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-3,3’,4-triol), a toxin produced by various mold fungi, has been achieved in seven steps in a yield of 31% starting from 4-methylcatechol and 1-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene, where the longest linear sequence consists of five steps. The key reaction was a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling of an aromatic boronate with a brominated resorcin derivative.
Borylated methyl cinnamates: Expedited synthesis, characterization, crystallographic analysis and biological activities in glycosidase inhibition and in cancer cells lines.
Authors: Legge William J , Shimadate Yuna , Ghorbani Mahdi , Sakoff Jennette , Houston Todd A , Kato Atsushi , Bernhardt Paul , Simone Michela I
Published: January 2021

Three cinnamate derivatives bearing a boronate pinacol ester group para, meta and ortho to the a,b-unsaturated ester group have been synthesized via a solventless, expedited Wittig protocol in the best stereoisomeric ratios yet reported, purified by recrystallization, characterized and analyzed by X-ray crystallography. These are valuable building blocks to biologically active derivatives and are themselves biologically active drug leads, displaying excellent selectivities as glycosidase modulators and for future testing as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents. In a panel of 15 glycosidases, IC50 values of 351 mM and 374 mM were shown for
para 2
against almond b-glucosidase and bovine liver b-galactosidase, respectively. For
meta 2
the selectivity profile is improved with only inhibition of bovine liver b-galactosidase with an IC50 of 780 mM. These borylated derivatives also possess the capability to be used as BNCT agents. This occurs via irradiation with slow neutrons, thus granting them a switch-on/switch-off toxicity. This is an important new capability imbued into anticancer drugs, too many of which are too toxic in their therapeutic window. BNCT drugs bearing the organic boron pharmacophore have the potential to fine-tune the timing of toxicity delivery.
Pengaruh model pembelajaran project based learning berbasis etnosains tema ekosistem terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Reffiane Fine , Handayani Diana Endah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mengintegrasikan berbagai mata pelajaran, guru masih menggunakan metode ceramah dan penugasan. Di dalam kelas pembelajaran masih mendorong untuk mengahafal informasi tanpa fasilitas yang mengarah pada hubungan materi dengan pengetahuan siswa. Hal tersebut menyebabkan anak tidak bisa mengembangkan kemampuan berpikirnya, dan cenderung pasif serta tidak antusias dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran project based learning berbasis etnosains terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa kelas V di SD Negeri Kedondong 2 Kecamatan Gajah Kabupaten Demak dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rata-rata aktivitas belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri Kedondong 2 dengan menggunakan model project based learning berbasis etnosains. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain Pre-Experimental Designs dengan bentuk One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD Negeri Kedondong 2 yang berjumlah 25. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, tes, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan uji normalitas awal dan akhir, uji beda rata-rata, uji ketuntasan belajar dan uji regresi linier sederhana. Pengujian hipotesis penelitian ini menggunakan uji regresi linier sederhana dan diperoleh koefisien determinasinya sebesar 64 %. Pada uji independen juga diperoleh Fhitung sebesar 6740,79 dan Ftabel = 4,28. Jadi Fhitung ˃ Ftabel jadi H0 ditolak. Hal ini berarti ada pengaruh model project based learning berbasis etnosains. Sedangkan pada uji beda rata-rata diperoleh menggunakan uji beda rata-rata thitung sebesar = 17,04 dan ttabel sebesar = 2,021. Jadi thitung ˃ ttabel, maka H0 diterima artinya ada rata-rata aktivitas belajar siswa setelah menggunakan model PJbL berbasis etnosains lebih dar aktivitas belajar siswa sebelum menggunakan model PJbL berbasis etnosains.
Sins of Thought
Authors: Schroeder Mark
Published: January 2021

According to the Book of Common Prayer, we have sinned against God “in thought, word, and deed.” In this paper I’ll explore one way of understanding what it might mean to sin against God in thought—the idea that we can at least potentially wrong God by what we believe. I will be interested in the philosophical tenability of this idea, and particularly in its potential consequences for the epistemology of religious belief and the problem of evil.
An Anselmian Approach to Divine Simplicity
Authors: Rogers Katherin A.
Published: January 2021

The doctrine of divine simplicity (DDS) is an important aspect of the classical theism of philosophers like Augustine, Anselm, and Thomas Aquinas. Recently the doctrine has been defended in a Thomist mode using the intrinsic/extrinsic distinction. I argue that this approach entails problems which can be avoided by taking Anselm’s more Neoplatonic line. This does involve accepting some controversial claims: for example, that time is isotemporal and that God inevitably does the best. The most difficult problem involves trying to reconcile created libertarian free will with the Anselmian DDS. But for those attracted to DDS the Anselmian approach is worth considering.
Empirically Skeptical Theism
Authors: DeRose Todd
Published: January 2021

Inspired by Peter van Inwagen’s “simulacra model” of the resurrection, I investigate whether it could be reasonable to adopt an analogous approach to the problem of evil. Empirically Skeptical Theism, as I call it, is the hypothesis that God shields our lives from irredeemable evils surreptitiously (just as van Inwagen proposes that God shields our bodies from destruction surreptitiously). I argue that EST compares favorably with traditional skeptical theism and with eschatological theodicies, and that EST does not have the negative moral consequences we might suppose.
A CONJUGALIDADE DIANTE DO ENFRENTAMENTO DE MÚLTIPLOS ESTRESSORES: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE UMA TERAPIA DE CASAL INVOLUNTÁRIA
Authors: Silva Ana Dóris , Da Silva Isabela Machado
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, investigou-se a experiência da conjugalidade em um contexto de múltiplos estressores. Realizou-se um estudo de caso do qual participou um casal que iniciou o processo terapêutico por recomendação da instituição em que seus filhos se encontravam acolhidos. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise narrativa e discutidos a partir da abordagem sistêmica, com o intuito de compreender a dinâmica relacional do casal e refletir sobre estratégias e intervenções a serem utilizadas nesse contexto. Destacaram-se as dificuldades enfrentadas pela sobreposição de múltiplos estressores, como uso abusivo de álcool e drogas, violência doméstica e acolhimento dos filhos. Destaca-se a necessidade de uma abordagem terapêutica contextualizada.
Grupos reflexivos de gênero para homens no ambiente virtual - primeiras adaptações, desafios metodológicos e potencialidades
Authors: Beiras Adriano , Bronz Alan , Schneider Pedro de Figueiredo
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar a adaptação de metodologias grupais reflexivas sobre gênero ao sistema de encontros online mediados por programas que permitem reuniões no espaço virtual.  Relata-se o desafio de manter uma postura teórico-filosófica e metodológica alinhada a processos reflexivos, coconstrução de espaços relacionais de discussão, respeito à diversidade e problematização das relações de gênero, atentos a um novo contexto social e a produção de novas desigualdades. Busca-se trazer à reflexão aspectos adaptativos iniciais, desafios e potencialidades a partir da experiência dos autores na realização destes grupos nos meses iniciais de pandemia e isolamento social. Considerando a experiência de utilização da metodologia de grupos reflexivos do Instituto Noos e da organização MEMOH, foca-se especialmente no público de homens interessados na reflexão coletiva sobre gênero e masculinidades.  Desenvolve-se uma nova organização de convivência e etiqueta relacional que permite avanços, porém também alinha em seu torno perdas, em comparação ao formato presencial.
DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE, PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY OF THE SUBJECT OF LABOR AND RESILIENCE
Authors: Гуцыкова С. В.
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается дискриминация на рабочем месте как психосоциальный фактор риска, влияющий на психологическую безопасность субъекта труда и предъявляющий особые требования к его жизнеспособности, вне зависимости от того, применительно к какому уровню жизнедеятельности субъекта анализируется жизнеспособность. Безопасность в современной психологической науке и сопряженных дисциплинах трактуется многообразно: через объективные показатели безопасности деятельности, как социально-психологический феномен, как психологическая безопасность личности. Единая теория, которая связывала бы два конструкта, безопасности и жизнеспособности, имеющих единое семантическое поле, отсутствует. Представлен краткий анализ исследований по безопасности, жизнеспособности профессионала, дискриминации как фактору риска безопасности и жизнеспособности. Подчеркивается, что значимым аспектом анализа безопасности и жизнеспособности является внимание к их антецедентами возможным факторам риска. Дискриминация на рабочем месте служит одним из них; ее проявления в современных организациях наблюдаются по разным основаниям, включая расовое или этническое разнообразие в пределах организации, культурные и семейные ценности, возраст. В данной статье уделяется внимание дискриминации, в том числе по возрастному признаку как фактору риска, способного оказывать влияние на жизнеспособность профессионала.

The article considers discrimination in the workplace as a psychosocial risk factor that affects the psychological safety of the subject of labor and imposes special requirements on his resilience, regardless of what level of the subject's vital activity the viability is analyzed. Safety in modern psychological science and related disciplines is interpreted in a variety of ways: through objective indicators of the safety of activities, as a socio-psychological phenomenon, as the psychological safety of personal. There is no unified theory that would link two constructs, safety and resilience that have a single semantic field. In this regard, attention to the antecedents of safety and resilience is significant. Workplace discrimination is one of them. Its manifestations in modern organizations are observed for various reasons, including racial or ethnic diversity within the organization, cultural and family values, and age. A brief analysis of research studies on safety, professional resilience, discrimination as a risk factor to safety and resilience is presented. It is emphasized that an important aspect of safety and resilience analysis is attention to their antecedents of possible risk factors. Workplace discrimination is one of them; its manifestations in modern organizations are observed for various reasons, including racial or ethnic diversity within the organization, cultural and family values, age. This article focuses on discrimination, including on the basis of age as a risk factor that can influence the viability of a professional.
Los economistas de Pinochet: la Escuela de Chicago en Chile
Authors: Vergara Álvaro
Published: January 2021

Reseña del libro Los economistas de Pinochet: la Escuela de Chicago en Chile, de Juan Gabriel Valdés.
The Ultraviolet Spectra of Alpha Draconis Recorded by IUE
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: January 2021

The comparison of all unpublished archival IUE spectra of the bright spectroscopic binary α Draconis shows that the far-ultraviolet flux has remained constant over the 18 yr of the mission, except possibly for one spectrum which shows significantly less flux below 1800 Å. The Si ii lines undergo large radial velocity variations which are due to the orbital motion of α Draconis around the center of mass of the system. The far-UV energy distribution of α Draconis has more flux than that of Sirius A (α CMa) which reflects the weaker abundances of the metals in α Draconis compared to Sirius A.
La mobilisation de 2019 au Chili : crise politique, répression fasciste et spontanéisme révolutionnaire
Authors: Belén Fernández Cáceres María , Costa Delgado Jorge , Albenga Viviane
Published: January 2021

En octobre 2019, une mobilisation massive a débuté à partir de la hausse des tarifs des transports publics à Santiago du Chili, débouchant sur la déclaration de l’état d’urgence par le gouvernement chilien, d’un couvre-feu et la concession de pouvoirs extraordinaires à la police et l’armée dans la gestion de l’ordre public. María Belén Fernández Cáceres et Jorge Costa Delgado reviennent sur le déroulement d’un scénario qui a pu rappeler la dictature de Pinochet, trente ans plus tard, pour mettre en évidence l’intérêt du cas chilien pour qui interroge le sens de politiques qu’il convient de qualifier de fascistes et la manière de lutter contre elles. L’exemple le plus évident en est l’impunité de la répression policière et des violations des droits humains, justifiée dans les discours présidentiels par la désignation d’un ennemi intérieur dont il faudrait purifier la Nation, et la manière dont les manifestant.es réussissent à lui résister.
Investigation of Ethylene Glycol Heat Transfer Coefficient Trough Double Pipe and Coil Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wuryanti Sri , Gantina Tina Mulya , Indriyani Indriyani
Published: January 2021

The research objective is to assemble a convection test system which acts as a heat exchanger (HE) and test its applicability using ethylene glycol. A Double Pipe (DP)-type HE consists of an inner pipe surrounded by an outer pipe (annulus) whereas a Coil-type HE composed of a coil surrounded by an outer pipe. Water flows through the outer pipe in both types of HE, while ethylene glycol flows through the inner piper or coil. HE in combination with other components (such as) forms a convection test system. The applicability of the system was tested to determine the heat transfer coefficient of ethylene glycol in a DP-type and Coil-type HEs. After that, the heat transfer rate was calculated and compared. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient in the DP-type HE is the lowest at 12.2 W/m2 oC and the highest at 26.8 W/m2 oC; and the corresponding heat transfer rate is the lowest at 8.3 W and the highest is 56.3 W. In comparison, for Coil-type HE, the lowest heat transfer coefficient is 38.9 W/m2 oC and the highest is 66.2 W/m2 oC which correspond to the heat transfer rate 19.9 W at the lowest and 225 W at the highest.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Candida rugosa Lipase in Water, Methanol, and Pyridinium Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Cipta Oktavianus Hendra , Alni Anita , Hertadi Rukman
Published: January 2021

The structure of Candida rugosa lipase can be affected by solvents used in the enzymatic reactions. Using molecular dynamics simulation as a tool to study the Candida rugosa lipase structure, we studied the effect of various solvent systems, such as water, water-methanol, and water-methanol-ionic liquid. These solvent systems have been chosen because lipase is able to function in both aqueous and non-aqueous medium. In this study, pyridinium (Py)-based ionic liquids were selected as co-solvent. The MD simulation was run for 50 nanoseconds for each solvent system at 328 K. In the case of water-methanol-ionic liquids solvent systems, the total number of the ionic liquids added were varied: 222, 444, and 888 molecules. Water was used as the reference solvent system. The structure of Candida rugosa lipase in water-methanol system significantly changed from the initial structure as indicated by the RMSD value, which was about 6.4 Å after 50 ns simulation. This value was relatively higher compared to the other water-methanol solvent system containing ionic liquid as co-solvent, which were 2.43 Å for 4Py-Br, 2.1 Å for 8Py-Br, 3.37 Å for 4Py-BF4 and 3.49 Å for 8Py-BF4 respectively. Further analysis by calculating the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of each lipase residue found that the presence of ionic liquids could reduce changes in the enzyme structure. This happened because the anion component of the ionic liquid interacts relatively more strongly with residues on the surface of the protein as compared to methanol, thereby lowering the possibility of methanol to come into contact with the protein.
Case series of outcome of newborn babies exposed to Lassa fever virus infection
Authors: Obu Dorathy Chinwe , Ezeanosike Obumneme Benaianh , Nwukor Samuel Amechi
Published: January 2021

Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus, a zoonotic infection transmitted by the infected multimammate mouse which is endemic in West African countries. It affects all ages contributing to high maternal and neonatal mortality rates. Neonates are at risk of vertical and horizontal transmission of Lassa virus. We report a series of six newborns, three of whom were delivered to Lassa fever positive mothers and were managed as exposed babies while the remaining three were diagnosed with neonatal Lassa fever. None of the babies exposed to the virus became infected and two of these exposed babies had a positive outcome. All the babies with neonatal Lassa fever died days after birth even before confirming the diagnosis and initiating ribavirin treatment. This highlights the need for prompt diagnosis in utero with treatment of mother before delivery to improve the neonatal outcome. Also, the need to commence intravenous ribavirin treatment in highly suspicious cases of neonatal Lassa fever while awaiting confirmation of the diagnosis is emphasized.
I Comitati di Etica fra linee-guida dell’Unione Europea e decreti ministeriali
Authors: Spagnolo A.G. , Bignamini A.A. , De Franciscis A.
Published: January 2021

La pubblicazione sulla Gazzetta Ufficiale del Decreto del Ministro della Sanità del 27 aprile 1992, che ha recepito in Italia la Direttiva n. 91/507/CEE contenente la Good Clinical Practice (GCP), ha determinato in Italia il sorgere di molti Comitati di Etica (CE) locali in quanto l’inizio delle sperimentazioni cliniche veniva subordinato all’approvazione da parte di un CE. Restava, tuttavia, una carenza di regolamentazione della istituzione e del funzionamento di tali organismi i quali hanno, perciò, continuato a sorgere in modo spontaneo ed improvvisato, senza coordinazione fra loro.

L’articolo richiama dapprima le diverse iniziative che sono state prese da parte di Associazioni e Società scientifiche al fine di colmare quelle lacune di procedure operative dei CE, fra cui anche la costituzione di una Federazione Nazionale dei Comitati Etici (FNaCE). Successivamente viene preso in considerazione il recente decreto del Ministero della Sanità che ha recepito le lineeguida armonizzate dell’Unione Europea, Stati Uniti e Giappone (ICH 135/95), fornendo indicazioni più precise sul funzionamento dei CE ma anche trasformando il ruolo di questi organismi da quello etico a quello più amministrativo.

Viene anche discusso il problema connesso al ruolo dei CE negli studi multicentrici. Il recente decreto ministriale e un progetto di Direttiva del parlamento Europeo assegnano infatti al CE locale solo un ruolo di accettazione o rifiuto in toto del parere del CE del centro coordinatore, configurando in questo una diminuzione della indipendenza dei CE ed una conflittualità con la loro responsabilità.

In appendice viene, infine, riportato un utile quadro sinottico di confronto fra quanto previsto dalla GCP del 1992 e la GCP del 1997.
Le “sexe sûr” et le préservatif face au défi du SIDA
Authors: Suaudeau Jacques
Published: January 2021

Not available.
Accertamento prenatale di rischio di patologia cromosomica fetale
Authors: Serra Angelo , Bellanova Grazia
Published: January 2021

Da circa trenta anni la diagnosi prenatale di sindromi causate da alterazioni dell’informazione genetica è entrata nella prassi dell’assistenza medica. Criteri deontologici e considerazioni etiche circa il rispetto delle giuste esigenze e diritti della coppia parentale, da una parte, e dell’incolumità del concepito, dall’altra, avevano portato a stabilire alcune precise indicazioni per l’esecuzione della diagnosi prenatale: l’età della madre non doveva essere superiore ai 35-38 anni.

Nella prospettiva eugenistica che sta prevalendo nella società, appoggiata anche da provvedimenti legislativi, tale criterio venne considerato insufficiente perchè sarebbero rimasti a farne parte ancora troppi soggetti “indesiderati”, affetti da serie e gravi malformazioni. Furono, perciò, intraprese indagini al fine di trovare altri parametri atti a rivelare abbastanza presto durante la gravidanza un aumentato rischio di patologia cromosomica per un embrione o un feto, quali il test delle alfa-feto-proteine, e il triplo-test.

Dal punto di vista etico, è buona e lecita la ricerca di un corretto ed efficiente metodo predittivo di rischio di feto affetto da patologia cromosomica e la sua applicazione qualora il fine per cui il metodo venga applicato sia buono, ossia non abbia scopi eugenetici, e non rechi danno alla donna, al bambino o alla società.

Dal punto di vista deontologico, supposta la bontà etica gli autori sottolineano soprattutto l’obbligo del consenso informato all’esame, ossia una completa e rigorosa informazione e un severo controllo di qualità; in altri termini, un accertamento esatto dell’età gestazionale del feto e una corretta definizione del rischio.
Etica dell’ambiente. II
Authors: Fisso Maria Beatrice , Sgreccia Elio
Published: January 2021

Gli autori, dopo aver esaminato le diverse teorie antiantropocentriche nella prima parte del loro scritto, procedono in questa seconda sezione con il presentare le teorie antropocentriche, alla base delle quali vi è il presupposto che l’uomo ha un ruolo principale all’interno del mondo naturale.

Questo significa che la natura non è portatrice di un valore di per sè, ma possiede esclusivamente il valore che si rivela nell’atto attributivo dell’uomo. Questa attribuzione che è la causa dell’eventuale considerazione della natura sotto un profilo morale, può essere frutto di una scelta umana a carattere costitutivo, oppure può divenire, all’interno di una concezione creazionistica, un atto di riconoscimento.

Per la verità, all’interno delle teorie antropocentriche vi è una pluralità di interpretazioni del rapporto uomo-natura. Si passa da un antropocentrismo cosiddetto “forte” che proclama il primato assoluto dell’uomo sulla natura negando qualsiasi carattere morale a tale relazione, ad un antropocentrismo “moderato” o “debole” fondato sull’idea di un dovere di protezione e di conservazione della natura che ammette una sorta di limitata rilevanza morale della natura nella sua relazione con l’uomo.

All’interno di quest’ultima forma di antropocentrismo si colloca anche l’insegnamento di Giovanni Paolo II che nell’enciclica Centesimus Annus e più tardi nell’Evangelium Vitae attribuisce all’uomo il ruolo di “custode responsabile” della natura proprio in conseguenza della sua superiorità su di essa.
Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009–2019)
Authors: Ellapen Terry J. , Paul Yvonne , Hammill Henriëtte V. , Swanepoel Mariëtte
Published: January 2021

Background: Habitual school backpack carriage causes neuro-musculoskeletal vertebral, shoulder and hand pain; deviated posture compromised cardiopulmonary function and proprioception.Objective: Present a novel literature summary of the influence of backpack carriage associated with deviated cervical posture and compromised pulmonary function.Method: An electronic literature appraisal adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, using Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, AMED, OVID, PubMed and Sabinet search engines, was instituted during 2009–2019. Key search words: schoolbag, backpack, carriage, cervical posture and children. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale.Results: 583 records were initially identified which was reduced to 14 experimental and observational studies. A total of 1061 participants were included across the 14 studies, with an average age of 11.5 ± 1.3 years, body mass of 37.8 ± 6.6 kilograms (kg), height of 1.41 ± 0.05 meters (m), backpack mass of 5.2 ± 0.9 kg and percentage backpack mass to child’s body mass of 13.75%. The studies mean rating according to the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale was 76.3%. The average craniovertebral angle (CVA) was 53.9° ± 14.6° whilst standing without carrying a backpack was reduced to 50.4° ± 16.4° when loaded (p 0.05). Backpack loads carried varied from 5% – 30% of the participant’s body mass that produced a mean CVA decline of 3.5°.Conclusion: Backpack carriage alters cervical posture, resulting in smaller CVA and compromised pulmonary function. There is no consensus of the precise backpack mass that initiates postural changes. Girls’ posture begin changes when carrying lighter backpacks as compared to boys of the same age strata.
Contested Conservation, Ethnopolitics, and the State
Authors: Köpke Sören
Published: January 2021

Wilpattu Forest Complex, comprised of the Wilpattu National Park and adjoining forest areas in north-western Sri Lanka, was at the centre of a dispute over biodiversity conservation, deforestation and resettlement of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPSs), Muslim minorities at the end of the Sri Lankan civil war – 1983-2009. This paper traces how the majority Buddhist and the minority Muslim cleavages have ethnicised this conflict. Militant Buddhist nationalists have framed resettlement as “illegal encroachment” since 2014. However, in the following year, environmentalists took on the issue from the standpoint of biodiversity conservation leading to members of the Muslim community reacting against perceived injuries. The subsequent contradictory responses by Sri Lankan state representatives highlighted its factionalised character regarding conservation policies and territorial planning, further exacerbated existing ethnopolitical divisions. Data has been gathered through field research and a literature survey, and has been analysed using a political ecology approach. The paper contributes to the literature on conservation and violence and shows that in post-conflict situations, the territorial reconfiguration of protected areas is deeply intertwined with conflict legacies and on-going power struggles within post-civil-war societies.
Представление решения задачи Коши для одномерного уравнения Шрeдингера с ограниченным гладким потенциалом в виде квазифейнмановских формул
Authors: Grishin Denis Valerievich , Pavlovskiy Yan Yurievich
Published: January 2021

Рассматривается задача Коши для уравнения Шрeдингера, гамильтониан которого равен разности оператора умножения на потенциал и оператора взятия второй производной. В рассматриваемой ситуации потенциалом является вещественная дифференцируемая функция вещественного переменного, ограниченная вместе со своей производной. Это уравнение изучается со времен создания квантовой механики и до сих пор является хорошим модельным примером для демонстрации различных методов решения уравнений в частных производных. В настоящей статье решение задачи Коши для этого уравнения находится с помощью теоремы Ремизова в виде квазифейнмановской формулы. Квазифейнмановская формула - это родственное формулам Фейнмана выражение нового типа, содержащее кратные интегралы бесконечно растущей кратности. По сравнению с фейнмановскими формулами такие формулы легче доказывать, но они дают более длинное выражение для решения. В работе все теоремы снабжены подробными доказательствами; кроме того, авторы сознательно ограничили спектр используемых результатов областью классического математического анализа и элементами вещественного анализа, стараясь избегать общих методов функционального анализа. В результате статья получилась довольно длинной, но зато доступной для читателей, не специализирующихся в области функционального анализа.
Библиография: 41 наименование.
Внутренние оценки решений линейных эллиптических неравенств
Authors: Klimov Vladimir Stepanovich
Published: January 2021

Изучается клин решений неравенства $A(u) \geqslant 0$, где $A$ - линейный эллиптический оператор порядка $2m$, определенный на функциях $n$ переменных. Для элементов клина устанавливается внутренняя оценка вида $\|u; W_p^{2m-1}(\omega)\| \leqslant C(\omega,\Omega) \|u;L(\Omega)\|$, где $\omega$ - компактная подобласть $\Omega$, $W_p^{2 m-1}(\omega)$ - пространство Соболева, $p (n-1)<n$, $ L(\Omega)$ - пространство Лебега суммируемых функций, константа $C(\omega,\Omega)$ не зависит от функции $u$.
Библиография: 15 наименований.
Para além da cognição
Authors: Andersen Elenice
Published: January 2021

Este artigo dá prosseguimento a trabalhos anteriores (ANDERSEN, 2018) que problematizam um tema pouco explorado nas pesquisas sobre o ensino da leitura, que é o papel dos aspectos emotivo-afetivos na compreensão leitora. Este trabalho, especificamente, visa a colaborar com a discussão atual sobre o documento normativo que define as aprendizagens essenciais na educação, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2018). A partir de evidências de pesquisas recentes sobre práticas de ensino que associam variáveis de natureza emotivo-afetiva à compreensão da leitura, demonstra como essas variáveis são centrais na formação de leitores e, portanto, necessitam de tratamento didático. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, norteada por princípios da Análise de Conteúdo, conforme Bardin (2007), analisa o Eixo Leitura do Ensino Fundamental, investigando se e como variáveis relacionadas especificamente ao interesse e à motivação para a leitura circunscrevem-se nas orientações relativas a esse Eixo. Na conclusão, aponta que a Base, embora se apresente como um documento que visa à formação humana integral, traz orientações generalistas quanto aos aspectos emotivo-afetivos, dificultando o entendimento do valor dessas variáveis na formação de leitores para além da escola.