bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment for plano-valgus foot in children with subtalar arthroereisis. A review
Authors: Pardus Kamila , Stencel-Gabriel Krystyna , Hajzyk Marcin , Pilecki Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

Plano-valgus foot is a common problem among children and adolescents. The problem is most often noticed in early childhood, as this is the period when the arches of the foot should achieve a normal structure through the disappearance of the fat pad that is present from birth. During this period, the child's skeletal system is very malleable and its remodelling can be considerably influenced by additional factors. This is due to the high amount of cartilage tissue present in a child's skeletal system. Plano-valgus foot can be treated with non-operative methods, such as physiotherapy or the use of orthopaedic supplies, such as suitable orthopaedic insoles. Unfortunately, non-operative treatment is not always sufficient. If physiotherapy does not achieve the expected results, a physician may opt for surgical treatment to restore a correct foot alignment. The most commonly performed plano-valgus foot procedure is subtalar arthroereisis. It is a minimally invasive procedure that takes approximately 10–30 minutes to perform. During the procedure, appropriate implants of various types and sizes are inserted into the tarsal sinus to reduce excessive foot pronation. Studies have shown that the procedure is beneficial to the patient, as it positions the foot correctly and children can return to performing physical activities without experiencing pain and/or rapid muscle fatigue in the foot area. The most commonly used measurements to assess the effects of plantar arthrodesis are those calculated from X-rays, such as Meary's angle, calcaneal inclination pitch angle (CP), talocalcaneal angle (Kite's angle), and surveys using The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society’s (AOFAS’s) ankle and hindfoot scoring system.
Instituciones, imprenta y mercados de libros en Europa y América. Siglos XVI a XVIII
Authors: Cachero Vinuesa Montserrat , Maillard Álvarez Natalia
Published: January 2024

A lo largo de la Edad Moderna, distintas instituciones buscaron promover la producción y circulación de «buenos libros», utilizando medidas como la concesión de privilegios y licencias o el nombramiento de impresores oficiales. De forma simultánea, las autorida­des se preocuparon por controlar la difusión de la palabra escrita mediante la censura, que ejerció un efecto duradero sobre la cultura, eliminando y transformando los textos y su recepción, así como propiciando la reorientación de la actividad de impresores y libreros. El presente volumen reflexiona sobre la estrecha relación entre las instituciones y la producción y mercado de libros, con un énfasis especial en sus protagonistas (libreros, impresores, inquisidores, lectores ...). A lo largo de los ocho capítulos que conforman la obra, escritos por especialistas de Europa y Latinoamérica, el lector encontrará reflexiones sobre las políticas desplegadas por varias instituciones modernas con una doble finalidad: por un lado, favorecer la producción y circulación de textos; por otro, intervenirlos y controlarlos.
Decentralization of Environmental Governance in Pakistan and its Impact on Sustainable Development
Authors: Akbar Khalid Farooq
Published: January 2024

Environmental governance is a key instrument towards sustainable development that requires full information, sound decision-making procedures, implementation of rules and their execution according to internationally accepted standards. While Pakistan has made progress in devising legislations and laws to manage major environmental issues, it is still not as close to its target of achieving sustainable development despite several decades of efforts at environmental regulation and governance. This paper evaluates the post-18th Amendment scenario regarding the achievement of sustainable environment through better environmental governance in Pakistan. The country is facing serious environmental challenges of ever-increasing environmental pollution, losing fertile lands, depleting fragile water resources and poor human development. Pakistan ranks 161 among 192 countries regarding its Human Development Index (HDI) because of its dismal performance in the fields of education, health, and income. In 2022, Pakistan’s Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranking was 176th among 180 countries with a score of 24.6. Despite decentralization efforts, Pakistan has failed to achieve considerable improvement in environmental governance and management. To address these issues, there is a need to review the pros and cons of the 18th Amendment

in the constitution of Pakistan objectively and modify it if needed. To facilitate inter-provincial and inter-sectoral coordination, different institutions, and statutory bodies relevant to environmental governance formed after the 18th Amendment should be made functional to devise comprehensive and collaborative strategies for sustainable development.
The Waste of the World
Authors: Gregson Nicky
Published: January 2024

This book is about the global waste problem as defined by practitioners, how that has been framed as a problem and what the perspectives of critical social science have to offer: 1) to aid understanding of that problem; and 2) to tackle that problem. It puts critical waste research and scholarship to work in a policy-facing context to show how work in the social sciences on consumption, economies and the waste industry can illuminate understanding of the global waste problem. In such a way, the book emphasizes the causes of the global waste problem, rather than its symptoms, and shows that the current solution to the problem is a capitalist fix, one that demands more waste while simultaneously suggesting that waste is being reduced. The book flags the drawbacks with current policies that seek to promote repair, enhance markets in used goods, and increase the amount of recycled and recovered material in manufactured goods. It also shows how these same social scientific insights can be used to start conversations further upstream in policy, shifting waste from being an end-of-pipe concern to being at the heart of debates over decarbonization and digitalization.
High-efficiency fourth harmonic generation and polarization smoothing based on an orthogonal cascade of DKDP crystals
Authors: Chai Xiangxu , Zhou Song , Wang Xiangbing , Li Ping , Feng Bin , Zhu Qihua , Wang Liquan
Published: January 2024

Because of the high efficiency of frequency conversion and beam–target
coupling, a fourth harmonic (4ω) laser has a splendid application
prospect in a high-power laser facility. The polarization smoothing
(PS) crystal is preferably after the frequency conversion crystal to
flexibly obtain the best uniformity illumination of the target.
However, as a high irradiance 4ω laser beam propagates through the PS
crystal, the transverse stimulated Raman scattering (TSRS) effect of
the PS crystal will be stronger, resulting in significant energy
dissipation and crystal damage. This paper proposes a novel, to the
best of our knowledge, fourth harmonic generation (FHG) scheme based
on an orthogonal cascade of the DKDP crystals. This orthogonal
cascaded FHG (OC-FHG) scheme employs two cascaded FHG crystals with
orthogonal optical axes, and the PS crystal is in the middle. The PS
crystal can rotate the polarization direction of the 2ω laser by 90°, while the polarization
direction of the 4ω laser is maintained to a great
extent. This OC-FHG scheme realizes the FHG by two steps, and the
laser intensity at the PS crystal cuts down nearly 50%. The output
intensity of the 4ω laser can be increased from 1.8GW/cm2 to about 3.6GW/cm2 under the condition of effectively
inhibiting the TSRS effect. Meanwhile, the output 4ω laser contains two orthogonal
polarized beams realizing in-beam polarization smoothing
instantaneously. In addition, the novel FHG scheme can also have a
high conversion efficiency and bandwidth tolerance.
Striated composite layers of silica and hafnia offering advantageous properties for short-pulse optical coatings
Authors: Oliver James. B. , Kozlov Alexei. A. , Spaulding John , Smith Chris , MacNally Sara , Kafka Kyle R. P. , Rigatti Amy L. , Demos Stavros G.
Published: January 2024

Monolayers containing subnanometer striations of silica and hafnia to form composite materials at varying ratios are explored as a method to develop high-index dielectric layers with increased laser-induced–damage thresholds (LIDTs). These layers can then be used in multilayer dielectric coatings for short-pulse, high-peak-power laser applications, particularly in regions of the highest electric-field intensity. Fabrication is achieved by means of exposure to two different evaporant vapor plumes, where local exposure to each plume is controlled via shielding to prevent simultaneous exposure. The LIDT of the resulting layers has been evaluated at 1053 nm with 600-fs pulses. The results indicate that such hafnia/silica layers exhibit LIDTs similar to silica for a refractive index of ≤1.65. These results suggest that the use of these layers in locations subjected to high electric-field intensity within multilayer dielectric coatings may significantly improve the LIDT, with this deposition process providing particular benefit for scaling to large-aperture, high-fluence components.
Photonic time crystals: from fundamental insights to novel applications: opinion
Authors: Boltasseva A. , Shalaev V. M. , Segev M.
Published: January 2024

In this opinion article, we briefly outline some historical highlights and the most recent developments in the novel and exciting field of photonic time-crystals and present the challenges, disruptive opportunities and potential impact on both the fundamental science of light and on photonic technologies.
Photonic Materials for THz Light Control: feature issue introduction
Authors: Navarro-Cía Miguel , Mangeney Juliette , Motti Silvia , Kim Teun-Teun , Brener Igal
Published: January 2024

We introduce the Optical Materials Express feature issue on Photonic Materials for THz Light Control. This issue comprises a collection of eleven manuscripts and one Opinion on the recent advances in materials, including metamaterials, and the instrumentation to characterize them, for the development of TeraHertz science and engineering.
A large-scale MIMO antenna system for 5G IoT applications
Authors: Tran-Huy Hung , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Aslam Muhammad , Tuan Hong Nguyen , Nguyen Tung The-Lam
Published: January 2024

A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with low-profile and small element spacing characteristics is presented in this paper. This antenna contains multiple elements arranged in both E-plane and H-plane configurations. The original strong coupling between the MIMO elements can be suppressed by exciting orthogonal operating modes. To achieve this, a half-wavelength microstrip line and a quarter-wavelength grounded stub are utilized to decouple the H- and E-plane MIMO arrays. A 2 × 2 antenna prototype is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the decoupling concept’s feasibility. The measured impedance bandwidth is from 4.78 to 4.81 GHz. Across this band, the isolation is better than 15 dB with extremely small edge-to-edge distances of 0.032λ and 0.026λ in the E- and H-plane, respectively. Featuring the simple decoupling structure, small element spacing, and the capability of extending to a large-scale 2 × N array, the proposed antenna can be used for 5G Internet of Things (IoT) applications operating at the N79 frequency band.
Using hybrid pre-trained models for breast cancer detection
Authors: Zarif Sameh , Abdulkader Hatem , Elaraby Ibrahim , Alharbi Abdullah , Elkilani Wail S. , Pławiak Paweł
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is a prevalent and life-threatening disease that affects women globally. Early detection and access to top-notch treatment are crucial in preventing fatalities from this condition. However, manual breast histopathology image analysis is time-consuming and prone to errors. This study proposed a hybrid deep learning model (CNN+EfficientNetV2B3). The proposed approach utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the identification of positive invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and negative (non-IDC) tissue using whole slide images (WSIs), which use pre-trained models to classify breast cancer in images, supporting pathologists in making more accurate diagnoses. The proposed model demonstrates outstanding performance with an accuracy of 96.3%, precision of 93.4%, recall of 86.4%, F1-score of 89.7%, Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of 87.6%, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 97.5%, and the Area Under the Curve of the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) of 96.8%, which outperforms the accuracy achieved by other models. The proposed model was also tested against MobileNet+DenseNet121, MobileNetV2+EfficientNetV2B0, and other deep learning models, proving more powerful than contemporary machine learning and deep learning approaches.
Thinking Across Worlds: Pluriversal Potentiality
Authors: Bunch Mary , Manning Dolleen Tisawii’ashii
Published: January 2024

Reflecting on the epistemological history of the microscope alongside theories of pluriversality and Anishinaabe mnidoo ontology, “Thinking Across Worlds” addresses the microscope as an instrument of decolonial worlding through two artworks created by the authors. We ask, “How can we think across worlds—microscopic and macroscopic, western and Indigenous, scientific and creative—to transform the present and the future, from ecological devastation and colonial violence to sustainability and decolonial justice?” The art works, titled Gathering and Resonance, are experiments in political ontology, through immersion in other worlds, other versions of reality. In these microscopic hydrospheres, Anishinaabe mnidoo reality prevails. Human viewers are dwarfed by the microscopic mnidoo that surround them. The place of humans is revealed to be a mere part within a multiplicity of relations. Our own interests are eclipsed by the dramas that play out among these minute forms of consciousness.
Making Worlds in the Pluriverse Panel at Congress: “On the colonialism…”
Authors: Blaser Mario
Published: January 2024

These are select transcripts from a moderated panel titled “Making Worlds in the Pluriverse” held as part of Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2023 at York University in Toronto.
The Pluriverse, Beyond the Concept of Practice: On the Reality of Occurrence, Utopianism, and Prison Abolition
Authors: Dempsey Grant
Published: January 2024

The concept of practice frequently occupies a central explanatory role in pluriversal theorists’ accounts of what constitutes a world or reality. Often, the many worlds that populate the pluriverse are described as immanent creations of practice, the pluriverse’s multiple realities as products of interrelated social and material practices. Although liberating in many ways, pluralizing reality through the concept of practice also risks perpetuating certain limitations on reality’s expansibility. As a result, the theme of practice in pluriversal theory risks obscuring the potential and the urgency of the pluriverse’s inclusion of worlds that would benefit greatly from its redistribution of the real and yet are not best understood strictly in terms of practice. This article considers the world of prison abolition in this light, connecting not only the importance of, but also the reality and ontological weight attributed to, imagination in prison abolitionist work with the ontological expansiveness of pluriversal theory.
El Trabajo Social en el medio rural: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Gil Rodríguez Héctor
Published: January 2024

Introducción. Este artículo analiza la labor profesional de los trabajadores sociales del medio rural en el marco internacional a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada entre 2009 y diciembre de 2022. En particular, se pretende dar respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿cuál es el estado del arte del Trabajo Social rural? y ¿cuál es la metodología empleada en las investigaciones disponibles? Metodología. Para ello se realizó un estudio bibliométrico según criterios PRISMA en las bases de datos Google Scholar, SSCI y Web of Science. Las palabras clave utilizadas (en castellano e inglés) fueron: trabajo social rural (rural social work), intervención social (social intervention), áreas rurales (rural areas). Estos descriptores se combinaron con el operador booleano AND. Se identificaron 509 artículos, de los cuales 18 fueron analizados por adecuarse a los criterios de elegibilidad del presente trabajo. Resultados. Los principales temas de estudio son las oportunidades y limitaciones de la actividad profesional en los medios rurales y las vulnerabilidades de estos territorios. Los resultados revelan que estos entornos no son atractivos para el ejercicio profesional del Trabajo social debido a la movilidad y el aislamiento. Se constata que la brecha territorial empeora el bienestar de los colectivos excluidos y dificulta su acceso a los servicios sociales. Discusión. Resulta llamativo que la labor de los trabajadores sociales rurales ocupe un lugar secundario en numerosas investigaciones. Pese a los avances, hay una evidente laguna de conocimiento sobre el Trabajo Social rural en España. Del mismo modo, este tema ha sido insuficientemente tratado en el marco internacional. Conclusiones. Las conclusiones aluden a la importancia de paliar la dispersión de este campo de conocimiento y de incorporar la variable territorial en los análisis y diagnósticos profesionales. Con esta contribución, pretendemos aportar evidencia de que la labor de los trabajadores sociales es fundamental para el futuro del mundo rural.
El progreso social en la Costa Rica del siglo XXI. El desvanecimiento del «sueño tico»
Authors: Hidalgo-Capitán Antonio Luis , Cubillo-Guevara Ana Patricia
Published: January 2024

Se examina el desvanecimiento durante el siglo XXI del «sueño tico», como constructo del progreso social costarricense. Se identifican su dimensión objetiva, a través de la distribución del ingreso, y su dimensión subjetiva, a través de la percepción del bienestar. Además, se describe su origen, desde la macroeconomía del crecimiento y la macroeconomía y economía política de la distribución del ingreso. Finalmente, se describen sus impactos políticos, desde la sociología política del bienestar.
Low Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Cholestasis in a Patient With X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy and Crohn's Disease
Authors: Abi Radi Abou Jaoudeh Rasha , McCleary Brendan , Radhakrishnan Kadakkal
Published: January 2024

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a neuromuscular disorder manifesting at birth with hypotonia and respiratory distress. We describe the XLMTM case presenting at birth who developed normal gamma-glutamyl transferase cholestasis at 1 year of age. He was also diagnosed with Crohn's disease 4 years later. His cholestasis could be attributed to progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) or primary sclerosing cholangitis in the setting of Crohn's disease. However, genetic testing ruled-out PFIC, and his radiographic and liver biopsy findings were not suggestive of primary sclerosing cholangitis. We believe that this cholestasis is related to XLMTM leading to a PFIC-like state.
Sevelamer-Induced Gastrointestinal Disease in 12 Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Todd James , Saboori Shadab , Zeidan Joseph , Ahrens William , Jacobs Carl , Moshiree Baha
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Isolated case reports and case series have linked the use of sevelamer to severe gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation and perforation among patients with end-stage renal disease.

METHODS:

In this study, we identified 12 cases of biopsy-proven sevelamer-induced gastrointestinal disease from a large urban community hospital over the course of 5 years. We described baseline characteristics, sites and types of injury, histological findings, timing and dosing of sevelamer initiation compared with symptom onset, and in a smaller subset, endoscopic resolution post drug cessation. We also reviewed preexisting conditions to identify trends in populations at risk.

RESULTS:

Several of the patients reviewed had preexisting conditions of decreased motility and/or impaired mucosal integrity. The presentation of disease was broad and included both upper-GI and lower-GI pathologies and in varying severity.

DISCUSSION:

There is a broad phenotypic range of sevelamer-induced gastrointestinal disease. As this becomes a more frequently recognized pathology, clinicians should be aware of how it may present and which populations may be more susceptible.
Polymer composites used to manufacturing Naturacustic® acoustic screens
Authors: Oliwa Rafał , Bulanda Katarzyna , Molter Łukasz , Markowski Tadeusz , Oleksy Mariusz
Published: January 2024

In this study the functional properties and the production process of PVC matrix composites used in the technology of a new type of pro-environmental noise barriers for use in road construction, sound shielding of urban settlements, bridges, railroad tracks were described. PVC matrix composites were obtained by stirring extrusion using a single-screw extruder. The samples for mechanical tests, flame resistance and aging tests were obtained in the form of barrels and paddles using an injection molding machine. Based on the test results, it was found that the developed PVC composites have the following properties: Charpy impact strength greater than 12 kJ/m2, hardness according to Rockwell exceeding 78 N/mm2, oxygen index equal to 50% and good UV resistance at 3000 h. An important advantage of these composites is the agro-food waste content of 30 wt%, which makes the materials environmentally friendly.
Thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/ENR thermoplastic vulcanizates compatibilized with tetrafunctional double-decker silsesquioxanes
Authors: Paszkiewicz Sandra , Kramek Grzegorz , Walkowiak Konrad , Irska Izabela , Piesowicz Elżbieta , Rzonsowska Monika , Dudziec Beata , Barczewski Mateusz
Published: January 2024

The influence of the addition of tetrafunctional double-decker silsesquioxanes (DDSQ-ether-4OH) on the compatibility, thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide and epoxidized natural rubber (PLA/ENR) vulcanizates was investigated. The apparent cross-linking density and thermal stability of PLA/ENR vulcanizates were also determined. The FTIR analysis confirmed the compatibilizing effect of DDSQ-ether-4OH and the formation of the PLA-g-ENR copolymer. A strong effect of ENR content and DDSQ-ether-4OH addition on the thermal and mechanical properties of the obtained vulcanizates was demonstrated.
Durability of chain transmission obtained using FFF technology
Authors: Budzik Grzegorz , Dziubek Tomasz , Sobolewski Bartłomiej , Borek Karol , Gontarz Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Durability of polymer (PCTG, ABS, PLA) chain gears with a modular chain obtained by 3D printing (FFF - Fused Filament Fabrication) was tested under static and dynamic conditions. An analysis was performed using finite element modeling (FEM). The PLA gear showed the highest tensile strength, and the PCTG gear the lowest. However, in dynamic conditions (rotational speed 750 min-1), the ABS gear was characterized by the smallest deformation and the longest operating time. Chain links were damaged at the point of connection during both static and dynamic tensile tests. Probably the surface of the hole where the chain links were joined was not smooth enough, which could lead to their damage.
Surface roughness of photoacrylic resin shapes obtained using PolyJet additive technology
Authors: Turek Paweł , Bazan Anna , Budzik Grzegorz , Przeszłowski Łukasz , Gapiński Bartosz
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of analyzing the surface roughness of samples manufactured using the PolyJet additive technology. Three types of photopolyacrylic resins were used in the production process of the test samples. The samples were measured using stylus and optical measurement methods. The presented research extends information on the surface roughness of resins used in the PolyJet 3D printing process. It is a starting point for further improvement of measurement procedures for polymer materials.
Vulnerabilidad socioterritorial en zonas metropolitanas de la Región Centro
Authors: Escamilla Herrera Irma , Aguilar Adrián Guillermo
Published: January 2024

El argumento central de este libro gira alrededor del concepto de vulnerabilidad socioterritorial. Su finalidad es captar la naturaleza distintiva de las situaciones de inseguridad e indefensión que la población enfrenta en las nuevas circunstancias económicas, sociales, políticas ambientales y culturales y cómo perjudican su bienestar general. La vulnerabilidad no está limitada a los grupos pobres, sino que puede afectar a cualquier sector de la sociedad al verse expuesto a vulnerabilidades de todo tipo que restringen las oportunidades e impiden la integración y/o participación de los grupos sociales. Se analizan las zonas metropolitanas de la Región Centro del país, un área muy urbanizada, cuyos centros urbanos concentran el 84 por ciento de su población. Esto representa un laboratorio urbano muy adecuado para explorar las circunstancias actuales en los tres atributos fundamentales de la vulnerabilidad social: su multidimensionalidad, la profundidad de la fragilidad social actual y su variación socio-territorial.
Migraciones centroamericanas en México: Procesos socioespaciales y dinámicas de exclusión
Authors: Castillo Ramírez Guillermo
Published: January 2024

Desde hace varios lustros y en condiciones de tránsito por México muy adversas y violentas, uno de los flujos migratorios principalmente sin documentos que se dirige al territorio estadounidense y que ha tomada notoria visibilidad es el que se origina en el Norte de Centroamérica, de personas procedentes de países como El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente libro es, a través de diversos casos de estudio y mediante diferentes perspectivas disciplinares, describir y analizar los procesos de las migraciones originadas en el Norte de Centroamérica de diferentes grupos sociales y a través del México contemporáneo, con particular énfasis en las dinámicas socio espaciales y de exclusión y violencia que experimentan estos centroamericanos, como su- jetos sociales en tránsito irregularizado por el país. Y esto con especial atención en lo acontecido en la frontera sur del país. El principal aporte del texto reside en que, no sólo se aborda la dimensión temporal y espacial de los movimientos humanos transfronterizos e irregularizados del NC en tránsito por México en este siglo y durante la década del 2010 en específico, sino también indaga sobre otra serie de dinámicas socio políticas relacionadas, como las construcciones de fronteras, las dinámicas de agencia migrante y las configuraciones étnicas y de diversidad sexual en ciudades en contextos fronterizos.
Reflexões sobre a memória de Joaquim Pinto de Oliveira, o Tebas (1733-1811)
Authors: Reis Luis Gustavo
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre alguns aspectos da memória de Joaquim Pinto de Oliveira (1733-1811), popularmente conhecido como Tebas. Desde as primeiras décadas do século XX, cerca de 130 anos após seu sepultamento, Tebas tem despertado o interesse de diferentes estudiosos. Nos últimos três anos, especialmente, sua trajetória ganhou ainda mais força, quando o personagem passou a estampar manchetes de jornais, foi tema de livro, dissertação de mestrado, ganhou outorga de arquiteto, estátua na região central de São Paulo e pessoas interessadas em sua história.

Nascido de ventre escravizado, na cidade Santos, Tebas migrou para São Paulo em um período em que a cidade passava por mudanças administrativas, políticas, econômicas e arquitetônicas que impactaram decisivamente sua vida. Tebas dominava a técnica de construir edifícios aplicando pedras de cantaria, material que as igrejas em São Paulo começaram a usar em seus frontispícios a partir da segunda metade do século XVIII. Reconhecido por suas habilidades, o mestre de obras trabalhou na torre da antiga Catedral da Sé, reformou o Mosteiro de São Bento, a igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo e deixou marcas na paisagem urbana da cidade visíveis até os dias atuais.
Entre descasos e omissões
Authors: Ramos Beatriz , Emanuelle Nascimento Patrícia
Published: January 2024

Durante a ditadura militar, os direitos dos povos indígenas sofreram constante violação. De violências físicas que vitimaram dezenas de indígenas, envenenamentos à extorsão de terras demarcadas. As políticas de Estado vigentes para essas populações eram, no mínimo, problemáticas. Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar as questões indígenas e as políticas institucionais durante os anos centrais da ditadura militar, desde medidas adotadas pela extinta SPI, vigente na primeira metade do século XX, até as elaboradas pela FUNAI, passando pelas expedições e tomadas de terras, com as consequentes mortes, pretende-se investigar como o Estado brasileiro, sob comando militar, exerceu a tarefa de “cuidar do índio”.
A educação indígena brasileira
Authors: Sousa Fideles Eduarda
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar o lugar e os reflexos históricos da educação indígena na história brasileira. Em seguida, entender o ensino de história indígena nos livros didáticos a partir da Lei 11.645/2008, que reestruturou a aprendizagem dos povos indígenas com um discurso pautado na valorização do ensino de História Indígena nas escolas brasileiras. Logo, compreender o protagonismo dos povos indígenas no livro didático e a construção da sua identidade, cultura e resistência política partindo da análise do livro didático - Diálogo: Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas/América: povos, territórios e dominação colonial de Julieta Romeiro, Maria Raquel Apolinário, Ricardo Melani e Silas Martins Junqueira, edição de 2020. Desse modo, há o interesse de observar e investigar a apropriação e a escrita da história nesse material didático para o ambiente escolar brasileiro.
From Urbanization to Metropolization: A Conceptual Approach
Authors: Gonçalves Tiago Estevam , Silva José Borzacchiello da , Araújo Enos Feitosa de
Published: January 2024

The article approaches the processes of metropolization with regard to urban development and spatial organization of the city in their continuous and articulated processes. The perspective of this analysis is that there is a new basis for urban/metropolitan dynamics, moving out from an industrial and post-Fordist economy to a financialization of the economy, which we call metropolization. From the recent dynamics of the concentration of people and the expansion of urban space, some discussions can emerge about the new socio-spatial reality. Concerning metropolization, our main objective is to discuss the concept of urbanization and metropolization, aiming to understand the spatial transformations of the contemporary world. In methodological terms, we sought a bibliographic survey on the dialogical relationship between urbanization and metropolization with Brazilian and foreign authors who are relevant in the Brazilian academic literature and, in turn, are present in the urban/metropolitan analysis. The presence of temporal, economic and spatial dimensions has been deemed the main drivers for metropolization. As a result, the concept of metropolization was understood as a socio-spatial process that interferes in the forms, functions and dynamics of large urban spaces, and that has been acquiring importance in the context of the contemporary world, being a characteristic that pervades urbanization, reaching both countries in the global South as in the global North.
Design and Implementation of a Problem-Based Learning Module in a Clinical Radiography Course to Foster Image Critique Skills: An Evaluative Case Study
Authors: Balac Vesna , Ozogul Gamze
Published: January 2024

Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in higher education programs that prepare health professionals for their clinical careers, such as undergraduate nursing programs. Even though undergraduate nursing education and radiography education have similarities, studies that focus on the effectiveness of PBL in radiography have not been documented in the literature. While the nature of the nursing and radiography disciplines may lead radiography educators to believe that PBL use in radiography education may be appropriate, based on existing research in nursing, its effectiveness and student attitudes need to be researched before curriculum-wide PBL implementation is planned. A mixed methods evaluative case study was conducted to investigate if a PBL module had an effect on radiography students’ image critique skills and their perceptions. Quantitative data collection instruments consisted of a pretest and a posttest to assess students’ image critique skills before and after PBL. Qualitative data collection instruments included a pre- and post-PBL survey, as well as structured reflections after the PBL module. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the pretest and the posttest, suggesting that the PBL module improved image critique skills in radiography students. In addition, students reported to feel significantly better prepared for image critique after PBL, and perceived working in a group as a good way to practice critiquing images.  Difficulties reported were related to working in a group and transitioning to PBL, most likely due to being accustomed to lecture-based instruction.
Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Funding in Public Universities in Ghana in the Context of Declining State Subvention
Authors: Mensah Paul Kwasi
Published: January 2024

The role of tertiary education for socio-economic development globally demands adequate funding to effectively train high-quality experts in the current knowledge economy. However, the funding support from government for tertiary education institutions in Ghana after independence had declined due to national financial crisis and equally important demand for social services and other infrastructure needs. The study objectives aim at examining the funding challenges in public universities and how these universities explore the available opportunities to mobilize extra resources for effective delivery of their core mandate. This study used a mixed method approach for data collection. The findings reveal that there are delays in state subvention payments which force some universities to contract bank loans at high interest rates to pay staff salaries and government does not pay the accrued interest. Further, the state issue policy directives to restrict resource mobilization efforts of the universities. Despite the state funding challenges, the study findings reveal that the universities are not ready for self-financing and would require state funding to deliver effectively. Other funding opportunities that could be accessed to supplement state subvention are public-private-partnership (PPP) commercial ventures, endowment funds and prudent management of available fund. The need to manage effects of state regulatory policies to minimize industrial conflict in the universities is imperative. The universities should utilize their varied expertise to establish a consortium of training of trainers for grant proposal writing and other capacity development programmes for commercial purposes to mobilize funds
Wellbeing and Fair Thrill-Seeking Rewards
Authors: Kantarelis Demetri
Published: January 2024

A theory for wellbeing is proposed, developed on the assumption that consumers, deciding based on various risk-preference attitudes, consider fair thrill-seeking activities for inclusion in a portfolio of goods and services. Fair are those activities governed by rules or regulations, those that enable consumers to safely get an adrenaline shot; for example, skydiving, is considered fair (safe) when it follows rules and regulations and unfair (unsafe) if undertaken subject to non-compliance with, or lack of, rules and regulations. More specifically, it is assumed that consumer wellbeing depends on a fair diversified portfolio of risk-preference expected reward outcomes and their variabilities. In turn, by relying on a simulation-based thought experiment, it is shown that consumers may choose to place more or less importance (expenditures) on various fair rewards to end up with optimum solutions that resemble conventional modern portfolio theory results.
Quantitative Analysis of Qualitative Data on Factors Affecting College Students' Motivation to Exercise
Authors: Horii Daisuke , Kaneda Hiratoshi , Okuda Enji , Sugiyama Yoshio
Published: January 2024

Various factors affect differences in the willingness to exercise. Most studies on motivation to exercise clarify its relevance and potential causal relationships using questionnaire surveys and analyze the constructed models. Therefore, by analyzing both conventional questionnaire surveys and freeform sentences, this study attempts to derive certain trends in phenomena that were overlooked when the questionnaires were developed. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 256 university students’ motivation to exercise, and further examined factors that may increase motivation to exercise using text mining and correspondence analysis. Consequently, when creating categories based on appearance frequency, teachers, fathers, mothers, friends, supervisors, coaches, and seniors were extracted as individuals who may increase or decrease motivation to exercise. The results of the content analysis confirmed that the influence provided by fathers included offering guidance and actual exercise experience, while mothers were mainly engaged in supportive relationships; furthermore, rivalry between siblings participating in exercise together was detected. Praising and scolding were also found to be important in increasing the motivation to exercise. The influence on the motivation to exercise was considered to change depending on how the individual perceives their environment.
Empowering Urban Educational Leadership: Exploring the Nexus of Educational Leadership, Teacher Compensation, and Socioeconomic Equity in an Urban School District in a Mid-Atlantic State in the United States of America
Authors: Anucha Hyacinth
Published: January 2024

This study examined teacher leadership, the intricate interplay of culture, education, and the college board race gaps in SAT scores, and their collective impact on academic performance within the Baltimore City Public Schools. The study specifically explored the correlation between teacher salaries and academic achievement while considering persistent factors such as poverty, which consistently hindered academic success for predominantly Black and Brown students, as many seasoned teachers are exiting and too few are joining the profession. Ineffective leadership and inadequate teacher compensation, compounded by the challenges of poverty, were identified as major contributors to below-average academic performance in the urban public school system. Emphasizing teacher salaries, the research highlighted the linear relationship between salary increases and the growing issue of poverty among educators when adjusted for inflation. The meta-analysis conducted underscored the pivotal role played by effective leadership and quality education in enhancing student achievement and fostering socioeconomic growth. The study contended that educational and teacher leadership at the intersection of culture are imperative for adapting to 21st-century economic, technological, and societal transformations. The findings underscored the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities among educational leaders to improve academic outcomes in urban public schools. Achieving fair compensation, resource accessibility, and fostering professional growth are crucial for attracting and retaining excellent educators, thereby creating an ideal learning environment for all students. The research provided a comprehensive framework for evidence-based parameter estimations in computational modeling, providing informed strategies to address challenges in urban public-school systems.
The Role of the Visegrad Group in the European Security System
Authors: Bąk-Pitucha Aneta
Published: January 2024

The changes taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, which began in 1989, included pri-marily the internal and foreign policy of the four countries that make up the Visegrad Group, i.e. the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The transformations also concerned rela-tions with the newly formed states after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the course of European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The aim of the article is to indicate the role of the Visegrad Group in the European security system, especially in the face of the war in Ukraine or the migration crisis. An important element of the functioning of this regional organization is its cooperation with the EU or with other organizations. The research hypothesis is as follows: the future of the Visegrad Group makes sense and brings its members more benefits than losses. The article uses the analysis method. The key issue that needs to be answered will be the prospect of further activity of the Visegrad Group in the face of new threats. Will the member states of the Visegrad Group meet the challenges of the twenty-first century? Will they play an important role in shaping European security?
Volodymyr Zelensky’s Presidential Rhetoric as a Strategic Resource
Authors: Hordecki Bartosz , Nosova Bogdana
Published: January 2024

The article exposes Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s presidential rhetoric as a strategic resource in Ukraine’s confrontation with the Russian aggressor after 24.02.2022. By grasping varied aspects of political communication exercised by the Ukrainian president, we try to explain how and why the Ukrainian state is capable of creating an effective communication campaign in times of being invaded by its powerful neighbor. According to our assumptions, it is particularly a matter of 1. clarity and relevance of goals that the head of Ukraine wants to achieve through his rhetoric, 2. inclusiveness of the formula that Zelenskyy uses to demonstrate the essence of being Ukrainian and contributing to Ukrainian culture; 3. his artistic proficiency which helps him in identifying the proper means of persuading broad audiences to his narrative and agenda.

To verify the accuracy of the hypotheses, we employed theoretical concepts of logos, ethos, and pathos in the course of analysing chosen speeches delivered by the Ukrainian president. Moreover, the notions of “facilitating leadership” proposed by George C. Edwards III, and the “Medici Effect” coined by Frans Johansson are involved.

The outcomes of the work confirmed our expectations. The high quality and strategic meaning of Zelenskyy’s statements after 24.02.2022 come from three main sources, i.e., 1. transparent and justified message; 2. the unifying qualities of the speaker; 3. his persuasive skilfulness.
Current Issues of Peace and Security Taking Into Account Aggressive Policy of the Russian Federation
Authors: Nikiforenko Volodymyr , Kuryliuk Yurii
Published: January 2024

This article examines the issue of violation of the principle of territorial integrity (integrity) or political independence of states from 1946 to 2022. The approach is based on the study and understanding of domestic and foreign literary sources, statistics, legal acts. So, the historic, comparative, formal juridical and prognostic methods will be used. Russia gained the status of an independent entity in the international arena immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Almost immediately, it began to show signs of aggression. To promote its geopolitical ambitions, it uses gaps in international law, information and psychological measures, corruption, mercenaries, collaborators, blackmail, the law of force, and tries to rewrite history. The course of military conflicts involving Russia in Moldova, Chechnya, Georgia, Syria and Ukraine shows that the scale of violations of international treaties, human rights and the rules of warfare has increased in line with the strengthening of its military capabilities. During the hostilities on the territory of independent Ukraine, Russia showed a complete list of signs of aggression, as defined by UN General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX) of December 14, 1974. This shows that before the armed attack on Ukraine, the aggressor was convinced that it could not be brought to justice and punished. It also hoped that his next victim would not be able to receive international political, economic, military and social assistance. Some actions of Russia in the international arena have signs of state terrorism. During the last ten years, a fascist regime has formed in Russia. The abuse of the veto did not lead to the expulsion of the aggressor country from the UN SC.
To stop Russia’s aggression and prevent similar developments in the future, the issues of improving international law, bringing to justice the political and military leadership of the republic of Belarus and Russia, improving the UN Charter, the powers of the UN General Assembly, depriving Russia of the right to participate in peacekeeping operations.
“The Ukrainian Issue” at the G7 Summits in Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict 2014–2022
Authors: Nemych Olena
Published: January 2024

This article is aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the G7 policy towards Ukraine in the context of Russian invasion 2014–2022. The hypothesis formed and verified in this paper is that since the beginning of Russian expansion on Ukraine in 2014 the G7 members have called for a negotiated process and a political solution to the conflict, but it was hardly possible to quickly adopt and implement timely and adequately decisions to resolve the crisis in the region through the bonding of global and regional security mechanisms. Thus, a comfortable field for prolonging the conflict, which has developed into a full-scale war, was formed. The research methodology is based on systemic, historical, structural and political approaches to the study of the problem. Research methods are comparative analysis, content analysis, chronological and classification methods.

This study allows us to distinguish the stages of the G7 involvement in the “Ukrainian issue” in the period of 2014–2022. During these years, the group’s policy underwent three shifts in course, influenced in large part not only by the activities of Russia, but also by policy course changes of individual G7 members. The example of the nine-year unresolved local Russian-Ukrainian conflict shows that such crisis may pose a threat not only to regional, but also to global stability and there is a strong correlation between them.