bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of parecoxib sodium on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Jin-Huo , Liu Tong , Bai Yu , Chen Yong-Quan , Cui Ying-Hui , Gao Xin-Yue , Guo Jian-Rong
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the effect of parecoxib sodium on the occurrence of postoperative delirium and to investigate its possible mechanism.

Methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent elective hip arthroplasty in our hospital between December 2020 and December 2021 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: a parecoxib sodium group (group P, n = 40) and a control group (group C, n = 40). Patients in group P were intravenously injected with 40 mg of parecoxib sodium 30 min before anesthesia and at the end of the surgery. Patients in group C were intravenously injected with the same volume of normal saline at the same time points. The primary endpoint was the incidence of POD, and the secondary endpoints were the levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor- α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), nerve injury-related factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], S-100β protein, neuron-specific enolase [NSE], and neurofilament light chain [NfL]), and antioxidant factors (heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1]), as well as the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Confusion Assessment Method-Chinese Reversion (CAM-CR) scores.

Results: The incidence of POD was 10% in group P and 27.5% in group C. Intergroup comparison revealed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, S-100β, NfL, and NSE were lower, and BDNF was higher, in group P than in group C at each postoperative time point. The levels of IL-6 were lower, and the levels of IL-10 and HO-1 were higher, in group P than in group C at 1 h and 1 day postoperatively (p < 0.05). Three days after surgery, the differences in the levels of IL-6, IL-10, and HO-1 were not statistically significant between the two groups (p > 0.05). The VAS and CAM-CR scores were lower at each postoperative time point in group P than in group C (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Parecoxib sodium could reduce postoperative pain, decrease the plasma levels of inflammatory and nerve injury-related factors, upregulate HO-1 levels, and reduce the incidence of POD. The results of this study suggest that parecoxib sodium may reduce the occurrence of POD through the effects of anti-inflammation, analgesia, and antioxidants.
An image encryption algorithm based on a 3D chaotic Hopfield neural network and random row–column permutation
Authors: Yao Wei , Gao Kai , Zhang Zhihao , Cui Li , Zhang Jin
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a novel color image encryption algorithm based on a 3D chaotic Hopfield neural network and random row–column permutation. First, a 3D chaotic Hopfield neural network is proposed to produce the random sequence for generating the diffusion and permutation keys. Then, the rows and columns of the original image are randomly arranged according to the permutation key in the permutation process. Three subgraphs are formed by separating the R, G, and B components of the color image in the diffusion process. Each of the three subgraphs is split along the columns to form three parts; the left and middle parts are exchanged. Three diffusion keys are used to encrypt each of the three parts. Finally, the individually encrypted subgraphs are stitched together to obtain the final encrypted image. Simulation results using MATLAB and FPGA and security analysis demonstrate that the encryption scheme has good performance.
Preharvest melatonin foliar treatments enhance postharvest longevity of cut tuberose via altering physio-biochemical traits
Authors: Zulfiqar Faisal , Moosa Anam , Darras Anastasios , Nafees Muhammad , Ferrante Antonio , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Melatonin (MLT) is a bioactive molecule involved in the physiological functioning of plants. Reports related to preharvest applications of melatonin on the postharvest performance of cut flowers are not available in the literature.

Materials & methods

This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of exogenous MLT [0 mM (MT0), 0.5 mM (MT1), 0.7 mM (MT2), 1 mM (MT3)] applied preharvest on the physiological characteristics and postharvest performance of cut tuberose, a globally demanded cut flower.

Results & discussion

The results revealed that all treatments increased postharvest vase life by up to 4 d. The MT1, MT2, and MT3 treatments increased total soluble proteins (TSP) by 25%, 41%, and 17%, soluble sugars (SS) by 21%, 36%, and 33%, an+d postharvest catalase (CAT) activity by 52%, 66%, and 70%, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decreased in all preharvest treatments by up to 23% and 56%, respectively. Proline concentration decreased in all treatments, particularly MT3 (38%). These findings suggest that preharvest MLT treatment is a promising strategy for improving the postharvest quality of cut tuberose.
Cultivating organizational performance through the performance measurement systems: Role of psychological empowerment and creativity
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kim Dalgon , Ding Shusheng
Published: March 2023

Interactive performance measurement systems (PMSs) play a critical role in shaping individual behavior and performance. To identify the underlying mechanism of how PMSs enhance organizational performance, a proposed model was constructed to investigate psychological empowerment and employee creativity as possible mediating variables. Based on a sample of 211 managers from Chinese organizations, a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to examine the mediating effect presented in the aim. Interactive use of PMS has a positive and direct impact on psychological empowerment. Psychological empowerment positively influences creativity, which, in turn, positively influences organizational performance. The findings also show that psychological empowerment and creativity mediate the impacts of interactive use of PMS on organizational performance. Our study highlights the role of PMSs, and how to use them interactively in turbulent environments. Particularly, we demonstrate that interactive use of PMS is important for facilitating a manager’s sense of psychological empowerment and fostering creativity, which, in turn, contributes to better performance and greater competitive advantages.
Dimensional model on how familial vulnerability and environmental factors impact transitional age youth psychopathology: The Transition_psy study
Authors: Marchini Simone , Reis Joana , Ben-Shaool Ella , Delhaye Marie , Kornreich Charles , Nicolis Hélène , Slama Hichem , Leys Christophe , Delvenne Véronique
Published: March 2023

Background

Understanding psychopathology in transitional age youth (TAY) requires a complex model, incorporating familial vulnerability and environmental factors. A trans-diagnostic and dimensional approach seems the most appropriate. Transition_psy study aims to assess factors playing a role in TAY psychopathology and to define predictors.

Materials and methods

This article presents part of the Transition_psy study results, a case-control observational study. Youth aged 17 years old were recruited between June 2020 and December 2021, from both clinical [clinical population (CP) group] and non-clinical settings [non-clinical population (NCP) group]. Participants completed self-report questionnaires. The primary outcome to assess TAY psychopathology was the Youth-Self Report (YSR). We evaluated care needs with the Health of The Nation Outcome Scales For Children And Adolescents (HoNOSCA-SR) and quality of life with the World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQoL-BREF). Exposure factors included familial vulnerability, childhood, and present environmental factors, such as first-degree family history of psychopathology, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). YSR scores were compared, between groups, according to exposure factors with ANOVA and linear regression. We performed best subsets selection of multivariable analyses based on the Akaike Information Criterion. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04333797).

Results

A total of 220 TAY (CP = 106, NCP = 114) were included in the study. Participants were aged 17 years old. The majority were female (69.1%), single (96.8%), and born in Belgium (82.3%). Clinical data were all significantly different between CP and NCP groups. YSR scores were found statistically different according to group (p < 0.001), first-degree family history of psychopathology (p < 0.001), CTQ (p < 0.001), and FAD (p < 0.001). Predictive dimensional model suggested that TAY psychopathology can be predicted by group, CTQ and FAD. Significant positive correlation was found between YSR and HoNOSCA (rho = 0.81) and negative correlation between YSR and physical and psychological health (rho = −0.69 and −0.71, respectively).

Conclusion

This study findings allowed to present a predictive dimensional model on TAY psychopathology, including belonging to a clinical population at transitional age, childhood trauma, and family dysfunction. Further research is needed to replicate Transition_psy study results in other samples. The proposed model could be used in clinical practice to improve assessment of TAY psychopathology.
Association between specific social activities and depressive symptoms among older adults: A study of urban-rural differences in China
Authors: Han Tanqian , Han Mei , Moreira Paulo , Song Hongxia , Li Ping , Zhang Zhenlong
Published: March 2023

Background

Engaging in social activities can help older persons with their depressed symptoms. Few studies, however, have looked into the connection between social interactions and depressed symptoms in Chinese older persons. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in older Chinese individuals' social activity involvement and depressive symptoms across urban and rural settings.

Methods

A cross-sectional investigation using information from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was limited to older individuals aged 60 and over. Generalized linear models were constructed to assess the effects of participants' characteristics and specific social activities on CES-D scores. The association between specific social activities and depressed symptoms was investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

In this study, it was discovered that older individuals had a prevalence of depressed symptoms of 36.2%, with rural older adults having a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms (39.7%) than urban older adults (30.9%). Our results showed that for urban respondents, providing help to others (not regularly. OR = 0.753, 95% CI: 0.579–0.980, P = 0.035), going to a sport (not regularly. OR = 0.685, 95% CI: 0.508–0.924, P = 0.013), and using the Internet (not regular. OR = 0.613, 95% CI: 0.477–0.789, P < 0.001; almost weekly. OR = 0.196, 95% CI: 0.060–0.645, P = 0.007) were all significantly and negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while for rural respondents, interacting with friends (not regularly. OR = 1.205, 95% CI: 1.028–01.412, P = 0.021) and using the Internet (not regularly. OR = 0.441, 95% CI: 0.278–0.698, P < 0.001) were significantly and negatively associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

According to our research, there is a cross-sectional relationship between participating in a specific social activity and depressed symptoms in Chinese older adults, and this relationship varies across urban and rural older adults. This suggests that taking part in specific social activities may be crucial for reducing depression symptoms in older persons, developing more focused interventions that might support healthy aging, and offering a guide for policymakers and activists working to improve the mental health of seniors.
Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Lanca Carla , Pang Chi Pui , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to control myopia progression. In this systematic review, the primary outcomes were mean differences (MD) between treatment and control groups in myopia progression (D) and axial length (AL) elongation (mm).

Results

The following interventions were found to be effective (p < 0.001): highly aspherical lenslets (HAL, 0.80 D, 95% CI, 0.77–0.83; −0.35 mm, 95% CI −0.36 to −0.34), MiSight contact lenses (0.66 D, 95% CI, 0.63–0.69; −0.28 mm, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.27), low dose atropine 0.05% (0.54 D, 95% CI, 0.38–0.70; −0.21 mm, 95% CI-0.28 to −0.14), Biofinity +2.50 D (0.45 D, 95% CI, 0.29, 0.61; −0.24 mm, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.15), defocus incorporated multiple segments [DIMS] (0.44 D, 95% CI, 0.42–0.46; −0.34 mm, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.33) and ortho-k lenses (−0.24 mm, 95% CI −0.33 to −01.5).

Conclusion

Low-dose atropine 0.01% was not effective in reducing AL progression in two studies. Treatment efficacy with low-dose atropine of 0.05% showed good efficacy. Spectacles (HAL and DIMS) and contact lenses (MiSight and Biofinity) may confer a comparable treatment benefit compared to atropine, to slow myopia progression.
O-RAN architecture, interfaces, and standardization: Study and application to user intelligent admission control
Authors: Alavirad Mohammad , Hashmi Umair Sajid , Mansour Marwan , Esswie Ali , Atawia Ramy , Poitau Gwenael , Repeta Morris
Published: March 2023

Open radio access network (O-RAN), driven by O-RAN Alliance is based on the disaggregation of the traditional RAN systems into radio unit (RU), distributed unit (DU) and central unit (CU) components. It provides a unique opportunity to reduce the cost of wireless network deployment by using open-source software, serving as a foundation for O-RAN compliant functions, and by utilizing low-cost, generic white-box hardware for radio components. Relying on the two core pillars of openness and intelligence, there has been a coordinated global effort from operators and equipment providers to enhance the RAN architecture and improve its performance through virtualized network elements and open interfaces that incorporate intelligence in RAN. With the increased complexity of 5G networks and the demand to fulfill requirements, intelligence is becoming a key factor for automated deployment, operation, and optimization of open wireless networks. The first thrust of this paper surveys the AI/ML architecture in O-RAN specifications, key discussion points and future standardization directions, respectively. In the second part, we introduce a proof-of-concept use case on AI-driven network optimization within the near real-time RAN intelligent controller (near-RT RIC) and non-real time RIC (non-RT RIC). In particular, we investigate the user admission control problem, led by a deep learning-based algorithm, implemented as an xApp for network performance enhancement. Extensive system-level simulations are performed with NS-3 LTE to assess the proposed admission control algorithm. Accordingly, the proposed dynamic algorithm shows a significant admission control performance improvement and flexibility, compared to existing admission control static techniques, while satisfying the stringent quality of service targets of admitted devices. Finally, the paper offers insightful conclusions and findings on the AI-based modeling, model inference performance, key performance challenges and future research directions, respectively.
Influence of surgical masks on the avoidance of virtual pedestrians
Authors: Bühler Marco A. , Lynch Sean D. , Bhojwani Trineta M. , Zidan Ahlam , Fiset Félix , McFadyen Bradford J. , Lamontagne Anouk
Published: March 2023

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world have proposed a series of mitigation strategies. While responses varied across different governing bodies, recommendations such as social distancing and the use of surgical masks were nearly universal. These recommendations, as well as the social anxiety that emerged during the pandemic, are likely to have influenced pedestrian interactions. In this study, we have examined the effect of surgical masks on locomotor circumvention strategies in response to virtual pedestrians. We further explored the relationship between measures of obstacle clearance and feelings of anxiety related to community ambulation in the context of the pandemic. Using virtual reality, locomotor circumvention strategies in response to approaching pedestrians with and without surgical masks were measured in a sample of 11 healthy young individuals. Additionally, a questionnaire was developed and used to gain insights into participants’ behaviours during and after a strict period of restrictions that were in effect before the summer of 2020. Results showed that participants maintained a larger clearance when virtual pedestrians wore a surgical mask. Furthermore, clearance was positively associated with anxiety toward community ambulation in the context of the pandemic. Our findings provide evidence that mask-wearing elicits an increase in physical distancing during pedestrian interactions. Furthermore, results indicate that social context and mental health status influence locomotor outcomes measured in the context of a pedestrian interaction task and highlight the potential of virtual reality simulations to study locomotion in the community setting.
Minimally invasive spine surgery strategy for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis in children: Less blood loss and shortened segmental fusions/fewer pedical screws
Authors: Zhiguo Zhou , Fan Liu , Yuanxue Lei , Xing Wu , Si Wang , Ruichen Li
Published: March 2023

Objective

To explore the feasibility of a minimally invasive spine surgery strategy for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis.

Materials and methods

From April 2022 to August 2022 in the hospital, three patients with torticollis and/or shoulder imbalance due to a cervicothoracic hemivertebra were performed on by hemivertebra resection and short fusion of the adjacent vertebrae. Resection was operated by a posterior approach. The average age of three patients of surgery was 8 years 2 months and the mean follow-up period was 6 months. Radiographic assessments and cosmetic outcomes were documented on changes in measurements of segmental scoliosis, neck tilt, head shift, shoulder balance, and sagittal profiles.

Results

The mean operating time of the procedure was 283 min and the instrumentation density was 1.5 pedicle screws per vertebra. The mean estimated blood loss was 257 ml, which was 20% less than the data described in various literatures. The mean segmental Cobb angle at the cervicothoracic deformity was 35.9° before surgery, 20.7° after surgery, and 16.3° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 54.59%. Neck tilt decreased from 17.3° before surgery to 14.3° after surgery, and 11.7° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 32.37%. T1 tilt improved from 16.5° before surgery to 12.9° after surgery, and 7.6° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 53.94%. The clavicle angle improved from 4.8° before surgery to 3.1° after surgery, and 1.9° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 60.42%. Head shift improved from 21.4 mm before surgery to 9.2 mm after surgery, and 12.3 mm at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 42.52%. The correction of torticollis and shoulder asymmetry was achieved in all cases.

Conclusions

Minimally invasive spine surgery strategy may be an option for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis. A good correction of cervicothoracic dissymmetry is achieved, accompanied by fewer pedicle screws and less blood loss. By deliberate operation in young kids, surgical intervention for severe compensatory curves can be prevented.
Bacillus subtilis and Pichia farinose mixture improves growth performance and nutrient absorption capacity in broiler chicks
Authors: Wang Huan , Fu Lu , Zhang Jian Ying , Kim In Ho
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Pichia farinose mixture (BPM) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, cecal bacteria counts, small intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes activities, and jejunal nutrient transporters gene expression in broiler chicks.

Methods

A total of 768 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly Q18 assigned into 3 groups based on the initial body weight (42.00 ± 0.08 g). The experimental periods were 35 days. There were 16 replicates per group and 16 birds per cage. Dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, or 0.2% BPM to form CON, BPM0.1 (consisting Bacillus subtilis with 1.0 × 107 viable spore and Pichia farinose with 1.0 × 107 viable spore per kg diet), and BPM0.2 (consisting Bacillus subtilis with 2.0 × 107 viable spore and Pichia farinose with 2.0 × 107 viable spore per kg diet) groups.

Results and discussion

Dietary supplementation of graded levels of BPM has positive effects on growth performance of broiler chicks, manifesting in the increase of body weight gain during days 1–35 as well as the decrease of feed conversion ratio during days 1–7, 21–35, and 1–35. Moreover, BPM supplementation positively improved ileal energy and crude protein digestibility, increased Lactobacillus counts, optimized intestinal morphology, enhanced intestinal digestive enzymes activities, and upregulated jejunal SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and PEPT-1 expression. Therefore, BPM supplementation improved growth performance of broiler chicks, which was partially related to the improvement in intestinal nutrient absorption capacity.
Basal and inducible Osterix expression reflect equine mesenchymal progenitor cell osteogenic capacity
Authors: Andrietti Antonella Liza Pantaleoni , Durgam Sushmitha S. , Naumann Brittany , Stewart Matthew
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized by their capacities for extensive proliferation through multiple passages and, classically, tri-lineage differentiation along osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. This study was carried out to compare osteogenesis in equine bone marrow-, synovium- and adipose-derived cells, and to determine whether osteogenic capacity is reflected in the basal expression of the critical osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix.

Methods

Bone marrow, synovium and adipose tissue was collected from six healthy 2-year-old horses. Cells were isolated from these sources and expanded through two passages. Basal expression of Runx2 and Osterix was assessed in undifferentiated third passage cells, along with their response to osteogenic culture conditions.

Results

Bone marrow-derived cells had significantly higher basal expression of Osterix, but not Runx2. In osteogenic medium, bone-marrow cells rapidly developed dense, multicellular aggregates that stained strongly for mineral and alkaline phosphatase activity. Synovial and adipose cell cultures showed far less matrix mineralization. Bone marrow cells significantly up-regulated alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression and enzymatic activity at 7 and 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase expression and activity were increased in adipose cultures after 14 days, although these values were less than in bone marrow cultures. There was no change in alkaline phosphatase in synovial cultures. In osteogenic medium, bone marrow cultures increased both Runx2 and Osterix mRNA expression significantly at 7 and 14 days. Expression of both transcription factors did not change in synovial or adipose cultures.

Discussion

These results demonstrate that basal Osterix expression differs significantly in progenitor cells derived from different tissue sources and reflects the osteogenic potential of the cell populations.
Pathogenicity of a novel bovine adenovirus type 3 with a natural deletion partial fiber gene in BALB/c mice
Authors: Li Qian , He Shufan , Zou Yuantong , Yue Hua , Tang Cheng , Liu Jie
Published: March 2023

Objective

A novel Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAdV-3) with a natural deletion partial fiber gene was isolated in 2020 and named BO/YB24/17/CH. The objective of this study was to understand the pathogenicity of this virus.

Methods

Thiry-two 3-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Mice in the experimental groups were intranasally inoculated with virus, and mice in the control group were inoculated with MDBK cell supernatant. Mice were weighed and clinically examined daily for appearance of any clinical signs. Three infected mice and one control mouse were euthanized at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days after inoculation. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, and detection of the replication dynamics of virus.

Results

All infected mice developed mild clinical signs such as lethargy, weight loss, loss of appetite, and a rough hair coat, and gross lesions were observed as pulmonary punctate hemorrhage, lobular atrophy and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination revealed thickening of alveolar septa and mildly dilated splenic nodules and blurred red-white medullary demarcation in the spleen. Immunohistochemical results further confirmed that the production of the above lesions was due to viral infection. Importantly, unlike previously reported BAdV-3 detection only in the lungs and trachea, this isolate could be detected in multiple organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and even blood by virus isolation and titration and real-time PCR methods.

Clinical significance

This study provides further insight into the pathogenicity of the fiber region deletion strain BO/YB24/17/CH in BALB/c mice, which provides a reference for the prevention and control of BAdV-3 as well as the development of vaccines.
Expanded Vermiculite: A Short Review about Its Production, Characteristics, and Effects on the Properties of Lightweight Mortars
Authors: Assis Neto Plínio Campos de , Sales Leane Priscilla Bonfim , Oliveira Palloma Karolayne Santos , Silva Iranilza Costa da , Barros Ilana Maria da Silva , Nóbrega Aline Figueiredo da , Carneiro Arnaldo Manoel Pereira
Published: March 2023

Global temperatures have led to an increasing need for air conditioning systems. So, because of this fact, buildings have been improved in terms of their thermal and energy efficiency. Regarding this, the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 15.575-4/2013 set minimum parameters for the thermal transmittance and thermal capacity of sealing elements, which allow classifying the thermal efficiency of the building. In order to comply with the requirements, the usage and study of lightweight construction materials have been in focus. An example of these materials is vermiculite. The present research reviewed articles about expanded vermiculite. The study involved the examination and comparison of various articles to analyze the properties of vermiculite and the impact of its usage on coating mortars. It was possible to verify that using vermiculite in mortars caused bad workability and a decrease in mechanical strength. However, the porosity and water absorption in mortars increased. Additionally, it reduced the specific weight and the thermal conductivity of the mortars, allowing for a better thermal insulation of the rooms. As an alternative to decreasing the negative effects of vermiculite, it is possible to use chemical admixtures, mineral additions, and mix design with a greater consumption of binder or a combination of particle sizes.
Green Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Sustainable Fuel Synthesis
Authors: Saleh Hosam M. , Hassan Amal I.
Published: March 2023

Carbon capture and use may provide motivation for the global problem of mitigating global warming from substantial industrial emitters. Captured CO2 may be transformed into a range of products such as methanol as renewable energy sources. Polymers, cement, and heterogeneous catalysts for varying chemical synthesis are examples of commercial goods. Because some of these components may be converted into power, CO2 is a feedstock and excellent energy transporter. By employing collected CO2 from the atmosphere as the primary hydrocarbon source, a carbon-neutral fuel may be created. The fuel is subsequently burned, and CO2 is released into the atmosphere like a byproduct of the combustion process. There is no net carbon dioxide emitted or withdrawn from the environment during this process, hence the name carbon-neutral fuel. In a world with net-zero CO2 emissions, the anthroposphere will have attained its carbon hold-up capacity in response to a particular global average temperature increase, such as 1.5 °C. As a result, each carbon atom removed from the subsurface (lithosphere) must be returned to it, or it will be expelled into the atmosphere. CO2 removal technologies, such as biofuels with carbon sequestration and direct air capture, will be required to lower the high CO2 concentration in the atmosphere if the Paris Agreement’s ambitious climate targets are to be realized. In a carbon-neutral scenario, CO2 consumption with renewable energy is expected to contribute to the displacement of fossil fuels. This article includes a conceptual study and an evaluation of fuel technology that enables a carbon-neutral chemical industry in a net-zero-CO2-emissions environment. These are based on the use of collected CO2 as a feedstock in novel chemical processes, along with “green” hydrogen, or on the use of biomass. It will also shed light on innovative methods of green transformation and getting sustainable, environmentally friendly energy.
A Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 in Cardiorenal Anemia Iron Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Sano Motoaki
Published: March 2023

Heart failure, renal dysfunction, anemia, and iron deficiency affect each other and form a vicious cycle, a condition referred to as cardiorenal anemia iron deficiency syndrome. The presence of diabetes further accelerates this vicious cycle. Surprisingly, simply inhibiting sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), which is expressed almost exclusively in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, not only increases glucose excretion into the urine and effectively controls blood glucose levels in diabetes but can also correct the vicious cycle of cardiorenal anemia iron deficiency syndrome. This review describes how SGLT2 is involved in energy metabolism regulation, hemodynamics (i.e., circulating blood volume and sympathetic nervous system activity), erythropoiesis, iron bioavailability, and inflammatory set points in diabetes, heart failure, and renal dysfunction.
A Piezoelectric MEMS Speaker with a Combined Function of a Silent Alarm
Authors: Wang Qi , Ruan Tao , Xu Qingda , Hu Zhiyong , Yang Bin , You Minmin , Lin Zude , Liu Jingquan
Published: March 2023

To explore the versatility of speakers, a piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) speaker combining the function of a silent alarm is proposed, which mainly comprises a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuation layer and a rigid–flexible coupling supporting layer. Measurements performed on encapsulated prototypes mounted to an artificial ear simulator have revealed that, compared to a speaker with a rigid supporting layer, the sound pressure level (SPL) of the proposed piezoelectric MEMS speaker with a rigid–flexible coupling supporting layer is significantly higher and is especially higher by 4.1–20.1 dB in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 4.2 kHz, indicating that the rigid–flexible coupling supporting layer can improve the SPL significantly in low frequency. Moreover, the spectral distribution characteristic of its playback audio is similar to that of the commercial electromagnetic type. The device can also function as a silent alarm based on oral airflows in dangerous situations, as it performs well at recognizing words according to their unique voltage-signal characteristics, and can avoid the effects of external sound noise, body movement, long distance, and occlusion. This strategy provides inspiration for functional diversification of piezoelectric MEMS speakers.
Tackling the Challenging Determination of Trace Elements in Ultrapure Silicon Carbide by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Spanu Davide , Palestra Alessandro , Prina Veronica , Monticelli Damiano , Bonanomi Simone , Nanot Sandro Usseglio , Binda Gilberto , Rampazzi Laura , Sessa Gianluca , Callejo Munoz David , Recchia Sandro
Published: March 2023

The goal of accurately quantifying trace elements in ultrapure silicon carbide (SiC) with a purity target of 5N (99.999% purity) was addressed. The unsuitability of microwave-assisted acid digestion followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis was proved to depend mainly on the contamination induced by memory effects of PTFE microwave vessels and by the purity levels of acids, even if highly pure ones were used in a clean environment. A new analytical protocol for the direct analysis of the solid material by laser ablation coupled with ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) was then exploited. Different samples were studied; the best results were obtained by embedding SiC (powders or grains) in epoxy resin. This technique has the great advantage of avoiding any source of external contamination, as grinding, pressing and sintering pretreatments are totally unnecessary. Two different laser wavelengths (266 and 193 nm) were tested, and best results were obtained with the 266 nm laser. The optimized protocol allows the determination of elements down to the sub-mg/kg level with a good accuracy level.
Capsaicin and Zinc Signalling Pathways as Promising Targets for Managing Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ferdowsi Parisa Vahidi , Ahuja Kiran D. K. , Beckett Jeffrey M. , Myers Stephen
Published: March 2023

The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has led to significant interest in finding novel and effective therapeutic targets for this chronic disorder. Bioactive food components have effectively improved abnormal glucose metabolism associated with this disease. Capsaicin and zinc are food components that have shown the potential to improve glucose metabolism by activating signalling events in the target cells. Capsaicin and zinc stimulate glucose uptake through the activation of distinct pathways (AMPK and AKT, respectively); however, calcium signal transduction seems to be the common pathway between the two. The investigation of molecular pathways that are activated by capsaicin and zinc has the potential to lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for T2DM. Therefore, this literature review aims to provide a summary of the main signalling pathways triggered by capsaicin and zinc in glucose metabolism.
The Spread of Innovative Policies in an Imperfect Decentralisation
Authors: Lim Delbert , Nursamsu Samuel
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to analyse the mechanisms of policy diffusion in the context of the decentralised education system in Indonesia. The country rapidly decentralised its government in 2000, transferring responsibilities to more than 341 districts and municipalities, bypassing the provincial governments. By 2022, the number of districts and municipalities increased to 514. The education system is a suitable platform for our analysis for two main reasons. First, local education offices are exceptionally active in implementing local-level policies. In a 2017 survey conducted by the RISE Indonesia team, we found 137 policies across 63 districts. Second, measures on outcomes related to the education system is commonly found in large-scale national surveys, allowing us to construct a comprehensive data set. It is also evident that the issues present in decentralisation also exists in the implementation of education policies in Indonesia. Local government has made little to no adjustment on the design of local curriculum contents even though the central government has fully delegated the task to local governments (Bjork, 2003).
Decriminalization of the possession of illicit substances for personal use: A proposed theory of change to improve community safety and well-being outcomes in Canada
Authors: Botschner Janos , Somers Julian M. , Corley Cal
Published: March 2023

Addressing the harms associated with criminalizing the problematic and addictive use of substances is a complex undertaking. In many cases, problematic substance use has a relationship to prior and current adversities and has been characterized as an “affliction of inequality.” Community partners, leaders and policy makers will benefit from an informed understanding of the potential role of decriminalization as part of system-wide efforts that have the potential to achieve urgent societal goals. We draw on relevant and up-to-date domestic and international research to present a theory of change for approaching the decriminalization of personal substance use as one part of an integrated strategy addressing health and safety. The proposed theory of change should serve as a guide to understanding, designing and participating in effective whole-of-system strategies and actions. As a living document—and starting point for collaborative community safety andwell-being planning—the material presented here should be refined as additional evidence and insights become available.
Defunding the police: Reflecting on the US experience and lessons learned for Canada
Authors: Corley Cal , Reber Mark
Published: March 2023

“Defund the police” became a rallying cry for change in the aftermath of the May 2020 death of George Floyd—at the hands of the police—in Minneapolis. What is meant by “defunding,” how has it evolved in the United States and in Canada, and what are the implications for Canadian municipalities going forward? Canadian community and civic leaders, police and other human service providers, and policymakers will benefit from an informed understanding of these issues as the discourse on the future of policing—and community safety and well-being more broadly—deepens.
Metástasis perianal de cáncer de pulmón: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Hernández Alonso Ricardo , Pérez-Sánchez Luis Eduardo , Burneo Esteves Mauricio , Pérez Álvarez Antonio , Barrera Gómez Manuel Ángel
Published: March 2023

Las neoplasias malignas del margen anal son lesiones poco frecuentes, comprenden el 3-4% de todas las neoplasias anorrectales. En la literatura se han reportado pocos casos de metástasis perianales de pulmón. La sintomatología se relaciona con patología anal y perianal común, como prurito, sangrado, dolor, supuración, obstrucción o sensación de masa. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 36 años, con antecedente de carcinoma de células grandes de pulmón diagnosticado 5 años antes de nuestra valoración, que es valorado ante la sospecha de absceso perianal, siendo finalmente la manifestación de una metástasis del tumor primario diagnosticado a nivel pulmonar.
Suspending the Debtor’s Imprisonment in Light of Corona Pandemic: A Study in the Light of the Provisions of Jordanian Legislation and Islamic Sharia
Authors: Arabiyat Wa'el Mohammad , Alshawabkeh Barjes Khalil
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The research aims to reconsider the legality of the debtor's imprisonment between the Jordanian legislation and Islamic jurisprudence as a result of stopping the debtor's imprisonment and freezing his criminal prosecution under defense order no. (28/2021) in the event of a debt maturity or writing checks that are not offset by a balance, in order to control the epidemiological situation and take into account the economic conditions associated with COVID-19.
Methods: The study adhered to both the descriptive and analytical approaches by reading the defense orders and the pertinent documents, analyzing them, and comparing the rules of positive law and Islamic Sharia.
Results: The study found that the current guarantees relating to the seizure of the debtor's assets and barring him from traveling are ineffective at enforcing the creditor's rights, which highlights the need to create new guarantees that are more effective and find new ways to settle disputes between the parties to the debt. It also emphasizes the need to keep the detention procedure in place as an effective way of applying moral pressure to the debtor to repay the debt.
Conclusions: The research recommended the need to exploit modern technology and techniques in (preventive protection) through credit disclosure of the status of customers before granting them the debt, and in (post-protection) by finding alternatives to imprisonment due to the inability to implement it currently, such as the application of the electronic bracelet system, which is followed by obligating the debtor to perform work under remote security monitoring.
Desarrollo de metodologías de estimación para sistemas de almacenamiento de energía no convencionales en topologías híbridas
Authors:   , Fornaro Pedro Osvaldo
Published: March 2023

Los sistemas de almacenamiento de energía son esenciales para alcanzar la sustentabilidad energética. Hoy día son un eslabón fundamental en el desarrollo de vehículos eléctricos, así como en la implementación a gran escala de los esquemas de generación eléctrica basados en energías renovables. Sin embargo, aún existen ciertas limitaciones tecnológicas, algunas de ellas intrínsecas al proceso de fabricación y otras dependientes del uso que se le da a estos sistemas. Teniendo este último aspecto en consideración, en esta tesis se presentan y desarrollan los principales avances en el área de la caracterización de módulos de almacenamiento de energía no convencionales (MANC). En particular, los esfuerzos se centran en el área de la estimación y observación para supercapacitores, baterías de Ión-Litio y baterías de flujo redox, aunque los desarrollos no se limitan a estos sistemas. Partiendo de un estudio exhaustivo de los modelos disponibles en la bibliografía, se realizan aportes en el área del modelado y se propone un esquema que permite observar los estados fundamentales de estos así como medidas validadas de los parámetros internos de los modelos adoptados. Los desarrollos de esta tesis se basan en la combinación de una multiplicidad de algoritmos, y el éxito de esta combinación requiere de un conocimiento detallado de cada uno de los métodos involucrados. Más precisamente, se emplean algoritmos de observación, estimación y control por modos deslizantes, algoritmos continuos y discretos de estimación. Por estos motivos, en primer lugar se realiza una presentación que condensa los aportes e ideas originales realizadas en las áreas de observación, estimación y modelado para MANC. Luego, en último lugar se presentan y analizan los principales resultados obtenidos.
Redukce olova železem?
Authors: Holub Milan
Published: March 2023

Dariusz Rozmus a jeho spolupracovníci dospěli v posledních letech k názoru, že hutníci ve Slezsku v 11. až 13. stol. používali k hutnění olověných rud originální, „později zapomenutou“ metodu, kterou nazývají „redukce olova železem“. Olověné rudy skutečně lze, při dodržení určitých podmínek, redukovat železem a/nebo kysličníkem železnatým. Základní podmínkou takové technologie je oddělení vsázky od paliva, neboť uhlík a kysličník uhelnatý jsou podstatně silnějšími reduktanty než železo a jeho sloučeniny. Oddělení vsázky a paliva nebylo na studovaných objektech prokázáno. Co si však z výzkumu zaslouží pozornost (a co autoři opomněli podrobněji studovat), je prokazatelné použití železářských strusek jako součásti vyzdívky či výmazu olovářských pecí.
Perbandingan Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Varietas Lokal Dan Varietas Dewata Di Desa Raanan Baru Dua Kecamatan Motoling Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan
Authors: Sumangkut Elsa A. , Kumaat Ribka Magdalena , Jocom Sherly Gladys
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the comparison of farming income of local and Dewata varieties of cayenne pepper in Raanan Baru Dua Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in Raanan Baru Dua Village, West Motoling District. Data collection techniques, namely interviews using questionnaires, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the local variety and Dewata variety of cayenne pepper farming in Raanan Baru Dua Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency, the total production of local varieties of cayenne pepper was 21.662 kg and the total production of cayenne pepper of the dewata variety was 20.214 kg. The average income of local varieties of cayenne pepper farming is IDR 72,803,130 per hectare. While the average income of Dewata variety cayenne pepper is Rp. 66,368,836 per hectare. The results of the T test using the SPSS software application show that there is no significant difference between the farming of the two chili varieties.
Circular ferroelectric tunnel junctions for the improvement of memory window and endurance
Authors: Kim Dong-Oh , Kim Changha , Kim Hyun-Min , Park Jonghyuk , Jeon Bosung , Kwon Daewoong , Choi Woo Young
Published: March 2023

A circular ferroelectric tunnel junction (C-FTJ) is proposed for a larger memory window and better endurance than a conventional planar FTJ (P-FTJ). The electrical characteristics of the proposed C-FTJ are evaluated compared with a conventional P-FTJ by using device simulation. It is confirmed that C-FTJs have more excellent ferroelectric switching than P-FTJs because the electric field becomes more concentrated across the ferroelectric layer. Also, C-FTJs show better endurance because the electric field applied to the interfacial layer is alleviated.
Characterization of tunnel oxide passivated contact fabricated by sputtering and ion implantation technique
Authors: Yamaguchi Noboru , Li Shasha , Miyajima Shinsuke
Published: March 2023

Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structures using highly doped n-type polycrystalline silicon were fabricated using facing target sputtering and ion implantation techniques for a SiH4-free fabrication process of high-efficiency silicon solar cells. We investigated the structural and electrical properties of the highly doped n-type poly-Si layers to optimize the ion implantation process. We also investigated the surface passivation quality of our TOPCon structure. An effective carrier lifetime of 2.01 ms and an implied open circuit voltage of 704 mV were obtained for our sample annealed at 950 °C. The sample also exhibits a low contact resistance of 3.22 × 10−3 Ω cm−2. Our results open the way for SiH4-free fabrication of silicon solar cells with a TOPCon structure.
USE OF GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN (HBA1C) TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Rao Bankuru Narayana
Published: March 2023

Early detection of diabetes is of great clinical importance in order to prevent or delay its micro- and
macrovascular complications. That is why, the largest diabetes associations continue their search for the
most accurate, sensitive and specic, reliable and reproducible diagnostic assay.ADA, the International Diabetes Federation
(IDF), and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes have recommended to consider the use of glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c) testing in the diagnosis of diabetes.