bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le mobilier métallique de l'habitat protohistorique de l'Ile de Martigues, B.-du-Rh. (Ve - IIe s. av. J.-C.)
Authors: Rétif Michel
Published: October 2015

Cet article présente une analyse précise (typo-chronologique, technique, fonctionnelle, quantitative et spatiale) du mobilier métallique (467 documents) mis au jour sur l'habitat protohistorique (450-190 av. J.-C.) de l'Ile à Martigues (B.-du-Rh.). L'approche quantitative fait apparaître une évolution régressive de la consommation du métal qui semble attendre son point le plus bas au IIIe s. Divers objets métalliques témoignent d'activités artisanales telles que la métallurgie, le travail du bois et peut-être celui de la pierre, le tissage et la sparterie. D'un point de vue typologique, les influences laténiennes et continentales sont fortes. La fiabilité des datations des niveaux archéologiques du site de l'Ile autorise plusieurs précisions chronologiques sur des types d'objets connus.
La chronologie de Roquepertuse. Propositions préliminaires à l'issue des campagnes 1994-1999
Authors: Boissinot Philippe , Gantès Lucien-François , Gassend Jean-Marie
Published: October 2015

The examination of all of the stratigraphical data, along with the study of un- stratified material culture and recently excavated material, allows us to propose the first chronology for the site at Roquepertuse. The seven identified phases of occupation between the Neolithic and the transition from the third to the second century BC reveals the temporal succession of a series of structures : the establishment of the fortification, the construction of public place, the spread of the settlement to its maximum size during the mid-third century BC, followed by its contraction and then a change in function. New evidence regarding the date of the lapidary features is also presented.
A Jacksonian view of American English
Authors: Miller Michael I.
Published: October 2015

Une vision jacksonienne de l'anglais américain.

Les Virginia Museum papers sont ici étudiés pour montrer l'état de l'anglais américain à l'époque de la Présidence d'Andrew Jackson, la méthodologie linguistique alors employée, et pour donner une théorie nouvelle quant à son auteur.
Inventing America: the Culture of the Map
Authors: Boelhower William
Published: October 2015

If America is largely the story of its own making, this axiom also informs the semiotic activity behind the mapping of America. Forced to change maps with journalistic frequency in order to keep up with thee latest, most accurate and comprehensive description of the New World, the 16th, 17th and 18th century viewer must have realized how rhetorical and self-conscious such cartographic enunciations were. In effect, they do draw as much attention to the artful play of cartographic semiosis as they do to a presumably more serious scientific content. In the beginning all of America was a cartographic reality ; its drawing, a rather conventional affair of the map's culture.
William Faulkner : à vue de nez
Authors: Carmignani Paul
Published: October 2015

Alors que l'œuvre de W. Faulkner couvre tout le champ des sensations, seules la vue et l'ouïe, sens intellectualisés, socialisés et civilisés, ont jusqu'à présent fait l'objet d'études approfondies. Or, la prédominance indéniable du regard et de la voix dans la communication entre les individus ou la création littéraire ne doit pas masquer l'importance, chez un auteur dont on a fait « le premier grand romancier de l'inconscient », de sens plus primitifs et plus charnels tels le toucher ou l'odorat. Ce dernier a rarement été pris en considération et le présent article vise à combler cette lacune en mettant en évidence les enjeux secrets de l'olfactif chez Faulkner : enfance, sexualité, inconscient...
Le territoire non-incorporé aux Etats-Unis
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia
Published: October 2015

The United States is characterized by a political culture which is strongly linked to the notion of territory. Hence, the principle of spatial segregation on an ethnic or social basis. However the US also includes unincorporated areas which today give rise to serious problems on the political level as well as on the level of the management of large metropolitan areas. The purpose of this article is to trace the genesis of incorporation.
1900 : les Américains à l’exposition universelle de Paris
Authors: Trocmé Hélène
Published: October 2015

American participation in World Fairs in the second half of the XIXth century reflects the growing interest of this nation for foreign trade and peaceful relations with foreign countries. In 1900, their performance at the Paris International Exhibition was better and more impressive than ever before. Their Pavillion on the Quai d'Orsay was a « home » for Americans visiting Paris and the « Expo ». They had exhibits and received awards in all groups but one. Yet, the French did not really perceive the gigantic progress and rising economic power of the United States.
1917-1923 : Les Américaines en Soissonnais, leur influence sur la France
Authors: Diebolt Evelyne , Fouché Nicole
Published: October 2015

This article does not attempt to cover the activities of all the American women in France during the war of 1914-1918, it rather has limited itself to the modest aim of studying a specific group of American volunteer women : those who intiated, developed and ran the American Committee for Devasted France, the CARD. The war brought them in 1917 to the Soissons area where they organized with great efficiency the most urgent relief efforts. After the Armistice, they participated very actively — as had been their project from the beginning — in the reconstruction of the region. They thus implanted in France American methods and models which were to have long-lasting effect on French society.
Le Raspail vert : les avant-gardes à l’American Center, 1932-1987
Authors: Delanoë Nelcya
Published: October 2015

The American Center Was founded in 1932. It was (and still is) a private, non profit and independent institution. It was also non sectarian, despite its early and tight connection with the American Cathedral. Reverend Beekman, then Dean of the Cathedral, was its founding father. His goal was to make the Center into a meeting spot for Anglo-American students and artists, a place where they would find help and support for their life and work in Paris. Circumstances, history and individual destinies soon turned it into a center of Franco-American avant-guarde centers — modern music, jazz, painting, cinema, video, sculpture, dance, languages, you name it... if at all possible ! Encounters and collaborations of an unusual sort made the Center into a hot-bed of pioneers in experimentation, transmission and disruption, but also in diffusion. After 50 years of improbable exchanges and seminal creations, which modified French and American arts at large, the American Center moved from Montparnasse to la Halle aux vins, in Bercy, a move that is in keeping with a larger eastward movement in the capital. The Center will re-open in the Spring of 1994, in a brand new building, designed by famous Frank Gehry.
The American Connection of Certain Religious Bodies in the Paris Area
Authors: Kaiser Hilary
Published: October 2015

Cet article met en évidence les liens entre les États-Unis et une quinzaine de groupes religieux de la région parisienne. Secte ou « mainstream », francophone ou anglophone, récent ou bien établi, faisant du prosélytisme ou pas, tous ont dû survivre dans une culture étrangère. Le problème de leur développement ou de leur maintien se pose cependant.
The Return of History and the Minorization of New York: T. Coraghessan Boyle and Richard Russo
Authors: D'haen Theo
Published: October 2015

La fiction américaine des années 80 a été marquée par un retour de l'histoire, particulièrement dans la littérature dite mineure ou des minorités (selon la définition de Deleuze et Guattari). Cependant, on note la même tendance dans l'œuvre d'écrivains blancs tels que T.C. Boyle et R. Russo. Ces auteurs rendent « mineure » la région dont ils parlent (le nord de l'Etat de New York), ainsi que ses habitants — ce que j'essaie de montrer dans ma lecture de World's End de Boyle et Nobody's Fool de Russo.
Genèse et fondements du plan Monnet : l’inspiration américaine
Authors: Djelic Marie-Laure
Published: October 2015

French postwar planning has been interpreted as an avatar of a French mercantilist tradition or as smart adhoc tinkering. Archival research shows the shortcomings of both interpretations. It is proposed here that Monnet 's plan had intellectual and structural roots in American New Deal Keynesianism. A genealogy of French planning shows economies to be politically constructed sets of institutions. The role of cross-national transfer mechanisms in such institutional building is also underscored.
Mais qui était donc Peter Rugg ? Sources historiques cryptées d’un récit fantastique révolutionnaire
Authors: Geoffroy Alain
Published: October 2015

William Austin's popular short story "Peter Rugg, the Missing Man" first published in the New England Galaxy of Boston, intermingles history and fiction and can be deciphered as a negative parable of the historic role of national Bostonian figure Paul Revere in the years preceding American Revolution. His wanderings around Boston and Concord parallel Revere 's midnight ride and fictionalize the brewing storm on the eve of open conflict. As a tragic anti-hero, Rugg dramatizes the impossibility to by-pass American history and to ignore the radical changes brought up by Independence.
« Ostranenye Goes Gevortsing, » or, « the Dethompsoning of Quiddity »: an Eyewitness Report
Authors: Chénetier Marc
Published: October 2015

Le premier livre de Ben Marcus n 'est ni un roman, ni un ensemble de nouvelles ; c'est rien moins que l'invention simultanée d'un monde et d'un langage pour le décrire, en léger décrochage du monde et du langage qui nous sont familiers. Ici, le dernier mot de la locution éculée « roman d'apprentissage » désigne la tâche assignée au lecteur. Au reste, entre désignation et ré-assignation, s'éploie l'étonnante aventure d'une imagination qui se fixe pour tâche, section après section, de mettre en relation des notions et des objets inexistants. Encore un effort et nous les reconnaîtrons tous. La radicalisation de l'acte de fiction a rarement été poussée à de telles extrémités.
The Creation of Normalcy
Authors: Ickstadt Heinz
Published: October 2015

Étudiant les variations d'une esthétique démocratique, Heinz Ickstadt montre comment la question de la construction de la normalité, tissant le descriptif et le prescriptif, hante la littérature américaine et éclaire ses ambiguïtés. Évoquant d'abord le projet réaliste de William Dean Howells et sa pensée du Commun, ancrée à la fois dans V expérience et dans la norme, il explore ensuite une tendance de la fiction contemporaine à valoriser l'anormal et le marginal, puis il analyse les modalités de reconstruction d'une normalité alternative dans certains romans ethniques, avant de commenter les procédés de subversion des limites ou de problématisation du normal et de l'anormal à l'œuvre chez Robert Coover et Don DeLillo.
Mainstreaming the World at the National Geographic Society: Para-educational Images and Cultural Commodities for the Family of Members
Authors: Allner Michel
Published: October 2015

Créé et disséminé par des élites pour une consommation de masse, le National Geographic Magazine articule, depuis plus de cent ans, une vision stéréotypée du monde, image-miroir des préoccupations de l'Amérique. Ce rôle politique repose sur trois stratégies de redéfinition : National, obtenir un statut semi-officiel grâce à la proximité du pouvoir ; Geographic, redéfinir une science en divertissement populaire ; et Magazine, développer une stratégie commerciale innovatrice. Ainsi, le « rectangle jaune », véritable icône de la culture américaine, façonne un message qui satisfait aux goûts du public, répond aux souhaits des gouvernements, et promeut ses propres intérêts institutionnels.
A Long‐Read Transcriptome Assembly of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Intraspecific Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Discovery
Authors: Ashrafi Hamid , Hulse‐Kemp Amanda M. , Wang Fei , Yang S. Samuel , Guan Xueying , Jones Don C. , Matvienko Marta , Mockaitis Keithanne , Chen Z. Jeffrey , Stelly David M. , Van Deynze Allen
Published: October 2015

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has a narrow germplasm base, which constrains marker development and hampers intraspecific breeding. A pressing need exists for high‐throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that can be readily applied to germplasm in breeding and breeding‐related research programs. Despite progress made in developing new sequencing technologies during the past decade, the cost of sequencing remains substantial when one is dealing with numerous samples and large genomes. Several strategies have been proposed to lower the cost of sequencing for multiple genotypes of large‐genome species like cotton, such as transcriptome sequencing and reduced‐representation DNA sequencing. This paper reports the development of a transcriptome assembly of the inbred line Texas Marker‐1 (TM‐1), a genetic standard for cotton, its usefulness as a reference for RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq)‐based SNP identification, and the availability of transcriptome sequences of four other cotton cultivars. An assembly of TM‐1 was made using Roche 454 transcriptome reads combined with an assembly of all available public expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences of TM‐1. The TM‐1 assembly consists of 72,450 contigs with a total of 70 million bp. Functional predictions of the transcripts were estimated by alignment to selected protein databases. Transcriptome sequences of the five lines, including TM‐1, were obtained using an Illumina Genome Analyzer‐II, and the short reads were mapped to the TM‐1 assembly to discover SNPs among the five lines. We identified >14,000 unfiltered allelic SNPs, of which ∼3,700 SNPs were retained for assay development after applying several rigorous filters. This paper reports availability of the reference transcriptome assembly and shows its utility in developing intraspecific SNP markers in upland cotton.
Genomic Characterization of Interspecific Hybrids and an Admixture Population Derived from Panicum amarum × P. virgatum
Authors: Heffelfinger Christopher , Deresienski Adam P. , Nelson Kimberly A. , Moreno Maria A. , Hague Joel P. , Dellaporta Stephen L. , Kausch Albert P.
Published: October 2015

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and its relatives are regarded as top bioenergy crop candidates; however, one critical barrier is the introduction of useful genetic diversity and the development of new cultivars and hybrids. Combining genomes from related cultivars and species provides an opportunity to introduce new traits. In switchgrass, a breeding advantage would be achieved by combining the genomes of intervarietal ecotypes or interspecific hybrids. The recovery of wide crosses, however, is often tedious and may involve complicated embryo rescue and numerous backcrosses. Here, we demonstrate a straightforward approach to wide crosses involving the use of a selectable transgene for recovery of interspecific [P. virgatum cv. Alamo × Panicum amarum Ell. var amarulum or Atlantic Coastal Panicgrass (ACP)] F1 hybrids followed by backcrossing to generate a nontransgenic admixture population. A nontransgenic herbicide‐sensitive (HbS) admixture population of 83 F1BC1 progeny was analyzed by genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) to characterize local ancestry, parental contribution, and patterns of recombination. These results demonstrate a widely applicable breeding strategy that makes use of transgenic selectable resistance to identify and recover true hybrids.
Le stoïcisme de Firmin Laferrière (1798-1861)
Authors: Durelle-Marc Yann-Arzel
Published: October 2015

À travers son important Cours de droit public et administratif (1839), F. Laferrière (1798-1861) est l’un des fondateurs de la science et de la pensée du droit administratif français ; mais, plus historien du droit que véritablement administrativiste , il nourrit toute son œuvre du retour au droit romain dans une perspective constamment savignicienne. Au-delà de la méthode cependant, cet auteur bâtit une vision providentialiste qui mêle idéalement stoïcisme et christianisme au service d’une conception eschatologique de la science juridique conçue comme facteur et instrument actifs.
The Impact of IT Governance Practices on Strategic Alignment
Authors: Hiekkanen Kari
Published: October 2015

The importance of strategic alignment has been recognized both by academia and practitioners alike. Previous research provides an ample body of work both on IT governance and strategic alignment. However, empirical evidence of the effect of IT governance on alignment is still lacking. This study explores how IT governance impacts strategic alignment on strategic and tactical levels. Based on a survey, the study confirms a positive impact of IT governance on strategic alignment and proposes a preliminary set of eight key practices of IT governance to support strategic alignment with further scrutiny of different industries, regions, and larger sample sizes.
Exploring the Business Case Process for IT enabled Investments
Authors: Maes Kim , De Haes Steven , Van Grembergen Wim
Published: October 2015

Although some organisations still develop weak business cases, the vast majority does an adequate job in order to build a sound justification for their investment decision-making. However, according to some scholars, a transformation is therefore in which the perspective on business cases shifts from document thinking to process thinking. This study presents a part of an exploration of a process perspective on business cases. In order to achieve this objectives, a group of academic and practitioner experts participated in a Delphi study and validated in total 31 business case practices, of which the majority was perceived as highly effective to support the objectives of a business case process. The paper ends with an exploration of the practical application of business case process practices in the context of COBIT 5, as an instance of a widely used practitioners framework.
Understanding the Dimensions of IT Governance Culture
Authors: Rowlands Bruce , De Haes Steven , Van Grembergen Wim
Published: October 2015

The concept of IT governance culture is relatively new. In this paper, the authors develop an IT Governance culture model based on Detert et al's (2000) framework involving eight dimensions of culture. Each dimension is described in terms of how they relate to the implementation of IT governance initiatives. The authors' contribution is to illustrate the utility of the framework by linking the eight general cultural dimensions to propose a normative model of ITG values and beliefs, that they argue, represent the ‘ideal organisational culture' of successful ITG implementations. By doing so, they present a necessary step in developing the dimensions of the concept of ITG culture and moving products such as COBIT5 towards a more comprehensive framework based on systemic empirical research.
Implementation of a Progressive Mobilization Program in a Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Messer April , Comer Linda , Forst Steve
Published: October 2015

Background

Current literature supports implementation of progressive mobility protocols in intensive care units. Education can help nurses overcome barriers to mobility and increase knowledge about the positive effects of mobility.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of education for a progressive mobilization program for intensive care nurses on knowledge and performance.

Methods

A pretest-posttest evaluation was conducted for 41 nurses, and a chart review was performed before and after implementation of the educational intervention to evaluate changes in knowledge and mobilization.

Results

Scores after the educational intervention were significantly higher than scores before the intervention (t = 2.02; P < .001). Overall mobilization (P = .04) and dangling (P = .01) increased significantly after the education. No significant increases occurred in ambulating or getting patients up to a chair.

Conclusions

Mobilization education was effective and increased nurses’ knowledge about the benefits of mobility for critically ill patients. The educational program also affected how nurses performed mobility interventions. Although provision of education had positive effects on patients’ mobility, leadership and coaching are still important components in implementing change.
Antigen Specificity of Type I NKT Cells Is Governed by TCR β-Chain Diversity
Authors: Cameron Garth , Pellicci Daniel G. , Uldrich Adam P. , Besra Gurdyal S. , Illarionov Petr , Williams Spencer J. , La Gruta Nicole L. , Rossjohn Jamie , Godfrey Dale I.
Published: October 2015

NKT cells recognize lipid-based Ags presented by CD1d. Type I NKT cells are often referred to as invariant owing to their mostly invariant TCR α-chain usage (Vα14-Jα18 in mice, Vα24-Jα18 in humans). However, these cells have diverse TCR β-chains, including Vβ8, Vβ7, and Vβ2 in mice and Vβ11 in humans, joined to a range of TCR Dβ and Jβ genes. In this study, we demonstrate that TCR β-chain composition can dramatically influence lipid Ag recognition in an Ag-dependent manner. Namely, the glycolipids α-glucosylceramide and isoglobotrihexosylceramide were preferentially recognized by Vβ7+ NKT cells from mice, whereas the α-galactosylceramide analog OCH, with a truncated sphingosine chain, was preferentially recognized by Vβ8+ NKT cells from mice. We show that the influence of the TCR β-chain is due to a combination of Vβ-, Jβ-, and CDR3β-encoded residues and that these TCRs can recapitulate the selective Ag reactivity in TCR-transduced cell lines. Similar observations were made with human NKT cells where different CDR3β-encoded residues determined Ag preference. These findings indicate that NKT TCR β-chain diversity results in differential and nonhierarchical Ag recognition by these cells, which implies that some Ags can preferentially activate type I NKT cell subsets.
The Best of Both Worlds: Resident Experiences of Urban and Regional Contexts in a Hybrid Pediatrics Residency Program
Authors: Topps Maureen , Ellaway Rachel H. , Baron Tara , Peek Alison
Published: October 2015

Background

The context for specialty residency training in pediatrics has broadened in recent decades to include distributed community sites as well as academic health science centers. Rather than creating parallel, community-only programs, most programs have expanded to include both community and large urban tertiary health center experiences. Despite these changes, there has been relatively little research looking at residents' experiences in these distributed graduate medical education programs.

Objective

A longitudinal case study was undertaken to explore the experiences of residents in a Canadian pediatrics residency program that involved a combination of clinical placements in a large urban tertiary health center and in regional hospitals.

Methods

The study drew on 2 streams of primary data: 1-on-1 interviews with residents at the end of each block rotation and annual focus groups with residents.

Results

A thematic analysis (using grounded theory techniques) of transcripts of the interviews and focus groups identified 6 high-level themes: access to training, quality of learning, patient mix, continuity of care, learner roles, and residents as teachers.

Conclusions

Rather than finding that certain training contexts were “better” than others when comparing residents' experiences of the various training contexts in this pediatrics residency, what emerged was an understanding that the different settings complemented each other. Residents were adamant that this was not a matter of superiority of one context over any other; their experiences in different contexts each made a valuable contribution to the quality of their training.
Patient-Centered Medical Home Knowledge and Attitudes of Residents and Faculty: Certification Is Just the First Step
Authors: El Rayess Fadya , Goldman Roberta , Furey Christopher , Chandran Rabin , Goldberg Arnold R. , Anandarajah Gowri
Published: October 2015

Background

The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is an accepted framework for delivering high-quality primary care, prompting many residencies to transform their practices into PCMHs. Few studies have assessed the impact of these changes on residents' and faculty members' PCMH attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The family medicine program at Brown University achieved Level 3 PCMH accreditation in 2010, with training relying primarily on situated learning through immersion in PCMH practice, supplemented by didactics and a few focused clinical activities.

Objective

To assess PCMH knowledge and attitudes after Level 3 PCMH accreditation and to identify additional educational needs.

Methods

We used a qualitative approach, with semistructured, individual interviews with 12 of the program's 13 postgraduate year 3 residents and 17 of 19 core faculty. Questions assessed PCMH knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness for practicing, teaching, and leading within a PCMH. Interviews were analyzed using the immersion/crystallization method.

Results

Residents and faculty generally had positive attitudes toward PCMH. However, many expressed concerns that they lacked specific PCMH knowledge, and felt inadequately prepared to implement PCMH principles into their future practice or teaching. Some exceptions were faculty and resident leaders who were actively involved in the PCMH transformation. Barriers included lack of time and central roles in PCMH activities.

Conclusions

Practicing in a certified PCMH training program, with passive PCMH roles and supplemental didactics, appears inadequate in preparing residents and faculty for practice or teaching in a PCMH. Purposeful curricular design and evaluation, with faculty development, may be needed to prepare the future leaders of primary care.
Understanding the Interview and Ranking Behaviors of Unmatched International Medical Students and Graduates in the 2013 Main Residency Match
Authors: Liang Mei , Curtin Laurie S. , Signer Mona M. , Savoia Maria C.
Published: October 2015

Background 

Over the past decade, the number of unfilled positions in the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Main Residency Match has declined by one-third, while the number of unmatched applicants has grown by more than 50%, largely due to a rise in the number of international medical school students and graduates (IMGs). Although only half of IMG participants historically have matched to a first-year position, the Match experiences of unmatched IMGs have not been studied.

Objective 

We examined differences in interview and ranking behaviors between matched and unmatched IMGs participating in the 2013 Match and explored strategic errors made by unmatched IMGs when creating rank order lists.

Methods 

Rank order lists of IMGs who failed to match were analyzed in conjunction with their United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores and responses on the 2013 NRMP Applicant Survey. IMGs were categorized as “strong,” “solid,” “marginal,” or “weak” based on the perceived competitiveness of their USMLE Step 1 scores compared to other IMG applicants who matched in the same specialty. We examined ranking preferences and strategies by Match outcome.

Results 

Most unmatched IMGs were categorized as “marginal” or “weak”. However, unmatched IMGs who were non-US citizens presented more competitive USMLE Step 1 scores compared to unmatched IMGs who were US citizens. Unmatched IMGs were more likely than matched IMGs to rank programs at which they did not interview and to rank programs based on their perceived likelihood of matching.

Conclusions 

The interview and ranking behaviors of IMGs can have far-reaching consequences on their Match experience and outcomes.
Consensus on Graduate Medical Education Financing: An Analysis of Stakeholder Responses to the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Open Letter
Authors: Harwood Jared L.
Published: October 2015

Background

In December 2014, the Energy and Commerce Committee of the US House of Representatives sent an open letter requesting interested parties to respond to 7 questions on graduate medical education (GME). More than 100 organizations and individuals responded.

Methods

An online search for responses yielded 27 organizations that had published their responses to the committee's open letter. Responses included answers to the 7 questions and additional recommendations. The 27 respondents proposed a total of 80 unique interventions. Each intervention was screened for concordance with those from other organizations, and then categorized as supportive, in opposition, or making no mention. Data were entered into a spreadsheet and rank ordered on the frequency of support.

Results

At the top of the rankings were several interventions with significant support from many respondents.

Conclusions

Given the broader GME constituency represented by the 27 stakeholders in this analysis, the 80 proposed interventions represent a comprehensive inventory of the extant ideas regarding the financing, governance, and oversight of GME. This objective analysis could help both spur productive discussions and form the foundation for a larger public policy deliberation of GME financing.
Free paratopological groups
Authors: Elfard Ali Sayed
Published: October 2015

Let FP(X) be the free paratopological group on a topological space X in the sense of Markov. In this paper, we study the group FP(X) on a $P_\alpha$-space $X$ where $\alpha$ is an infinite cardinal and then we prove that the group FP(X) is an Alexandroff space if X is an Alexandroff space. Moreover, we introduce a~neighborhood base at the identity of the group FP(X) when the space X is Alexandroff and then we give some properties of this neighborhood base. As applications of these, we prove that the group FP(X) is T_0 if X is T_0, we characterize the spaces X for which the group FP(X) is a topological group and then we give a class of spaces $X$ for which the group FP(X) has the inductive limit property.
Rational criterion testing the density of additive subgroups of R^n and C^n
Authors: Elghaoui Mohamed , Ayadi Adlene
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we give an explicit criterion to decide the
density of finitely generated additive subgroups of R^n and C^n.
The dynamical look at the subsets of a group
Authors: Protasov Igor V. , Slobodianiuk Sergii
Published: October 2015

We consider the action of a group $G$ on the family $\mathcal{P}(G)$ of all subsets of $G$ by the right shifts $A\mapsto Ag$ and give the dynamical characterizations of thin, $n$-thin, sparse and scattered subsets.

For $n\in\mathbb{N}$, a subset $A$ of a group $G$ is called $n$-thin if $g_0A\cap\dots\cap g_nA$ is finite for all distinct $g_0,\dots,g_n\in G$.
Each $n$-thin subset of a group of cardinality $\aleph_0$ can be partitioned into $n$ $1$-thin subsets but there is a $2$-thin subset in some Abelian group of cardinality $\aleph_2$ which cannot be partitioned into two $1$-thin subsets. We eliminate the gap between $\aleph_0$ and $\aleph_2$ proving that each $n$-thin subset of an Abelian group of cardinality $\aleph_1$ can be partitioned into $n$ $1$-thin subsets.
Influence of synoptic patterns on surface ozone variability over the eastern United States from 1980 to 2012
Authors: Shen L. , Mickley L. J. , Tai A. P. K.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We investigate the effect of synoptic-scale weather patterns on observed maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) surface ozone over the eastern United States during 1980–2012 in summer (June–August, JJA). Zonally averaged, the relative standard deviation (SD) of daily MDA8 JJA ozone shows a bimodal structure, with peaks at 28–32 and 40–45° N, and we show that those regions are most influenced by the variability in daily weather. We apply empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to understand the causes of this structure. The first three leading EOF patterns explain 53 % of the total variance in detrended surface ozone, displaying (1) a widespread response of ozone in the eastern United States associated with north–south movement of jet wind latitude, (2) a north–south pattern linked to the Bermuda High system when its west boundary is located along the east coast, and (3) an east–west pattern characteristic of a westward extension of the Bermuda High and an enhanced Great Plains low level jet (GPLLJ). The northern peak of ozone relative SD can be explained by polar jet activity, while the southern peak appears related to variability in the Bermuda High and GPLLJ. We define a new metric polar jet frequency as the total number of days the jet traverses the Midwest and northeast each summer. In the Midwest and northeast, we find that the correlation coefficient r between detrended mean JJA MDA8 ozone and the polar jet frequency ranges between −0.76 and −0.93 over 1980–2012 depending on the time period selected, suggesting that polar jet frequency could provide a simple metric to predict ozone variability in future climate regimes. In the southeast, the influence of the Bermuda High on mean JJA MDA8 ozone depends on the location of its west edge. For those summers when the average position of the west edge is located west of ~ 85.4° W, a westward shift in the Bermuda High west edge increases ozone in the southeast by ~ 1 ppbv deg−1 in longitude. For all summers, a northward shift in the Bermuda High west edge increases ozone over the entire eastern United States by 1–2 ppbv deg−1 in latitude. None of the synoptic patterns identified in this study show a significant trend from 1980 to 2012, confirming that the observed ozone decrease over the eastern United States during this time period is mainly caused by emission controls. Our work underscores the impact of synoptic patterns on ozone variability and suggests that a combination of changing local and synoptic meteorology together with trends in background ozone will determine the influence of climate change on US ozone air quality in future decades. The observed relationships of US surface ozone and synoptic circulations in this study can also be used to validate models of atmospheric chemistry.
Aura OMI observations of regional SO2 and NO2 pollution changes from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Krotkov N. A. , McLinden C. A. , Li C. , Lamsal L. N. , Celarier E. A. , Marchenko S. V. , Swartz W. H. , Bucsela E. J. , Joiner J. , Duncan B. N. , Boersma K. F. , Veefkind J. P. , Levelt P. F. , Fioletov V. E. , Dickerson R. R. , He H. , Lu Z. , Streets D. G.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite has been providing global observations of the ozone layer and key atmospheric pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), since October 2004. The data products from the same instrument provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage and permit the study of anthropogenic and natural emissions on local-to-global scales. In this paper we examine changes in SO2 and NO2 over some of the world's most polluted industrialized regions during the first decade of OMI observations. In terms of regional pollution changes, we see both upward and downward trends, sometimes in opposite directions for NO2 and SO2, for the different study areas. The trends are, for the most part, associated with economic and/or technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the eastern US, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically from 2005 to 2014, by more than 40 and 80 %, respectively, as a result of both technological improvements and stricter regulations of emissions. OMI confirmed large reductions in SO2 over eastern Europe's largest coal power plants after installation of flue gas desulfurization devices. The North China Plain has the world's most severe SO2 pollution, but a decreasing trend has been observed since 2011, with about a 50 % reduction in 2012–2014, due to an economic slowdown and government efforts to restrain emissions from the power and industrial sectors. In contrast, India's SO2 and NO2 levels from coal power plants and smelters are growing at a fast pace, increasing by more than 100 and 50 %, respectively, from 2005 to 2014. Several SO2 hot spots observed over the Persian Gulf are probably related to oil and gas operations and indicate a possible underestimation of emissions from these sources in bottom-up emission inventories. Overall, OMI observations have proved to be very valuable in documenting rapid changes in air quality over different parts of the world during the last decade. The baseline established during the first 10 years of OMI is indispensable for the interpretation of air quality measurements from current and future satellite atmospheric composition missions.
The far-ultraviolet main auroral emission at Jupiter – Part 1: Dawn–dusk brightness asymmetries
Authors: Bonfond B. , Gustin J. , Gérard J.-C. , Grodent D. , Radioti A. , Palmaerts B. , Badman S. V. , Khurana K. K. , Tao C.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The main auroral emission at Jupiter generally appears as a quasi-closed curtain centered around the magnetic pole. This auroral feature, which accounts for approximately half of the total power emitted by the aurorae in the ultraviolet range, is related to corotation enforcement currents in the middle magnetosphere. Early models for these currents assumed axisymmetry, but significant local time variability is obvious on any image of the Jovian aurorae. Here we use far-UV images from the Hubble Space Telescope to further characterize these variations on a statistical basis. We show that the dusk side sector is ~ 3 times brighter than the dawn side in the southern hemisphere and ~ 1.1 brighter in the northern hemisphere, where the magnetic anomaly complicates the interpretation of the measurements. We suggest that such an asymmetry between the dawn and the dusk sectors could be the result of a partial ring current in the nightside magnetosphere.
The Louvain-La-Neuve sea ice model LIM3.6: global and regional capabilities
Authors: Rousset C. , Vancoppenolle M. , Madec G. , Fichefet T. , Flavoni S. , Barthélemy A. , Benshila R. , Chanut J. , Levy C. , Masson S. , Vivier F.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The new 3.6 version of the Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model (LIM) is presented, as integrated in the most recent stable release of Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) (3.6). The release will be used for the next Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6). Developments focussed around three axes: improvements of robustness, versatility and sophistication of the code, which involved numerous changes. Robustness was improved by enforcing exact conservation through the inspection of the different processes driving the air–ice–ocean exchanges of heat, mass and salt. Versatility was enhanced by implementing lateral boundary conditions for sea ice and more flexible ice thickness categories. The latter includes a more practical computation of category boundaries, parameterizations to use LIM3.6 with a single ice category and a flux redistributor for coupling with atmospheric models that cannot handle multiple sub-grid fluxes. Sophistication was upgraded by including the effect of ice and snow weight on the sea surface. We illustrate some of the new capabilities of the code in two standard simulations. One is an ORCA2-LIM3 global simulation at a nominal 2° resolution, forced by reference atmospheric climatologies. The other one is a regional simulation at 2 km resolution around the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, with open boundaries and tides. We show that the LIM3.6 forms a solid and flexible base for future scientific studies and model developments.
Sensitivity analysis of runoff modeling to statistical downscaling models in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Grouillet B. , Ruelland D. , Ayar P. V. , Vrac M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of a hydrological model to different methods to statistically downscale climate precipitation and temperature over four western Mediterranean basins illustrative of different hydro-meteorological situations. The comparison was conducted over a common 20 year period (1986–2005) to capture different climatic conditions in the basins. Streamflow was simulated using the GR4j conceptual model. Cross-validation showed that this model is able to correctly reproduce runoff in both dry and wet years when high-resolution observed climate forcings are used as inputs. These simulations can thus be used as a benchmark to test the ability of different statistically downscaled datasets to reproduce various aspects of the hydrograph. Three different statistical downscaling models were tested: an analog method (ANALOG), a stochastic weather generator (SWG) and the "cumulative distribution function – transform" approach (CDFt). We used the models to downscale precipitation and temperature data from NCEP/NCAR reanalyses as well as outputs from two GCMs (CNRM-CM5 and IPSL-CM5A-MR) over the reference period. We then analyzed the sensitivity of the hydrological model to the various downscaled data via five hydrological indicators representing the main features of the hydrograph. Our results confirm that using high-resolution downscaled climate values leads to a major improvement of runoff simulations in comparison to the use of low-resolution raw inputs from reanalyses or climate models. The results also demonstrate that the ANALOG and CDFt methods generally perform much better than SWG in reproducing mean seasonal streamflow, interannual runoff volumes as well as low/high flow distribution. More generally, our approach provides a guideline to help choose the appropriate statistical downscaling models to be used in climate change impact studies to minimize the range of uncertainty associated with such downscaling methods.
An interdisciplinary perspective on social and physical determinants of seismic risk
Authors: Lin K.-H. E. , Chang Y.-C. , Liu G.-Y. , Chan C.-H. , Lin T.-H. , Yeh C.-H.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. While disaster studies researchers usually view risk as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, few studies have systematically examined the relationships among the various physical and socioeconomic determinants underlying disasters, and fewer have done so through seismic risk analysis. In the context of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, this study constructs three statistical models to test different determinants that affect disaster fatality at the village level, including seismic hazard, exposure of population and fragile buildings, and demographic and socioeconomic vulnerability. The Poisson regression model is used to estimate the impact of these factors on fatalities. Research results indicate that although all of the determinants have an impact on seismic fatality, some indicators of vulnerability, such as gender ratio, percentages of young and aged population, income and its standard deviation, are the important determinants deteriorating seismic risk. These findings have strong social implications for policy interventions to mitigate such disasters.
Estimating a model of sportfishing trip expenditures using a quasi-maximum likelihood approach
Authors: Melstrom Richard T.
Published: October 2015

This article presents an exponential model of tourist expenditures estimated by a quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) technique. The advantage of this approach is that, unlike conventional OLS and Tobit estimators, it produces consistent parameter estimates under conditions of a corner solution at zero and heteroscedasticity. An application to sportfishing evaluates the role of socioeconomic demographics and species preferences on trip spending. The bias from an inappropriate estimator is illustrated by comparing the results from QML and OLS estimation, which shows that OLS significantly overstates the impact of trip duration on trip expenditures compared with the QML estimator. Both sets of estimates imply that trout and bass anglers spend significantly more on their fishing trips compared with other anglers.
Bases para um Novo Sanitarismo
Authors: Gusso Gustavo Diniz Ferreira , Knupp Daniel , Trindade Thiago Gomes da , Junior Nulvio Lermen , Neto Paulo Poli
Published: October 2015

As reformas dos sistemas de saúde dos países da Europa Ocidental e Canadá na segunda metade do século XX inspiraram o movimento conhecido como Reforma Sanitária no Brasil. Esses países implementaram sistemas de saúde socializados integrando financiamento público e serviços privados, alguns originados da universalização do seguro-saúde (bismarckiano) outros da arrecadação geral de impostos (beveridgeano). Nesse processo, um dos fatores que mais evoluiu foi a contratualização, que permite a identificação de fraudes e promove a saúde no nível individual e coletivo em vez do uso indiscriminado dos serviços. No Brasil, a Constituição de 1988 lança as bases para um sistema universal de saúde financiado por impostos gerais que permite a ampliação de serviços privados sem regulação estatal, mas cofinanciados pelo Estado por meio da isenção fiscal e subsídios para servidores públicos. Nesse cenário, cresce a dicotomia, e a sobreposição entre serviços estatais e privados é agudizada.
Uso de plantas medicinais por usuários do serviço público de saúde do município de Ijuí/RS
Authors: Colet Christiane De Fátima , Cavalheiro Claudia Angelica Nunes , Dal Molin Gislaine Tisott , Cavinatto Aline Wiliens , Schiavo Morgana , Schwambach Karin Hepp , Oliveira Karla Renata
Published: October 2015

Este estudo buscou descrever o uso de plantas medicinais por usuários do Serviço Público de Saúde do município de Ijuí/RS. Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, com questionário estruturado, aplicado aos usuários que buscam atendimento no Serviço Público de Saúde do município de Ijuí/RS, nas unidades da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde/Unidade de Saúde do Centro - UESF -, que atende os bairros Luis Fogliatto e Alvorada, e UESF do Meio-Rural. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre março a setembro de 2012 e foi aprovado pelo CEP/UNIJUÍ. Resultados: dos 446 entrevistados, 81,0% utilizam plantas e 71,5% afirmaram utilizá-las por indicação de familiares. As espécies mais citadas foram: Achyrocline satureioides D.C. (Lam.) (marcela) 22,8%, Matricaria chamomilla L. (camomila) 13,5%, Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson (cidreira) 9,7%. Quanto às indicações terapêuticas atribuídas às plantas, as mais citadas foram as doenças do trato gastrointestinal, sistema nervoso, distúrbios metabólicos, aparelho respiratório e hipertensão. Algumas destas indicações não encontraram embasamento científico na literatura pesquisada. Conclusão: entende-se necessária a capacitação dos profissionais da área da saúde para garantir a correta orientação ao usuário, bem como o fomento à pesquisa com plantas medicinais para embasar a implementação de políticas públicas de fitoterapia.
Basics of normative regulation of civil judicial proceedings in the Principality of Serbia (1846-1853)
Authors: Popović Miroslav
Published: October 2015

The period before the Code of Civil Judicial Proceedings was brought in 1853 is of great importance for researches of Serbian legal history, because legal norms on which civil judicial proceedings in the Principality of Serbia was based were not gathered and analized until now. This paper is a sequel to previous researches and a try to present the way how civil judicial proceedings was regulated before the codification. The bordering years are 1846, when new organizations of courts were brought, and 1853, when the first Code of Civil Judicial Proceedings appeared. In the period 1846-1853 constant work of legislative and executive authorities can be seen with purpose to find solutions for problems which occured in judicial proceedings practise. Civil judicial proceedings were at the beginning based on few regulations, they were created as a result of a work in progress and current judicial practise. Though regulations grew in number and became more precise during time, the lack of code in which all the problems of civil judicial practise would have been covered was felt. The Code of Civil Judicial Proceedings brought in 1853 had many disadvantages, the new one was brought already in 1860. The Code of Civil Judicial Proceedings of 1865 stood on power for almost six and a half decades.