bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of organizational and technological features of construction using modeling
Authors: Kuzhin Marat
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the organizational and technological features of construction. Methods of optimization of values to the required level are considered. Recommendations are given on making changes to organizational and technological solutions and achieving the required indicators. The article presents an attempt to study the issue related to the modeling of construction in general and its individual stages, including construction production. The main elements related to planning and construction management are considered. Various approaches, methods and methods of studying the issues of modeling in relation to the building system are presented. Due to the fact that construction is a complex system with a large number of subjects, various interrelationships between them, constantly changing in the process and poorly regulated by regulatory and technical documents, modeling a construction system is a difficult task. The task of adjustment is reduced to the compilation of an optimal work schedule, ensuring the greatest uniformity of resource schedules. The correct adjustment of the schedules is based on the calculation of the coefficients and parametric indicators of the resource schedules. Comparing them with normal indicators, we can conclude that the optimization was successful. New technologies make it possible to take into account a large number of non-standard solutions that allow the development of various options and which can be applied depending on the type of initial data and the conditions for organizing construction production. The process of planning and analyzing construction information using aggregation can be useful if it allows you to get rid of redundant information that is not particularly important. Also, the use of this method is justified when analyzing large amount of information. An example of the use of aggregation is the transition to the sum, to the average, if you want to aggregate indicators. Aggregation also applies to graphical models (such as flowcharts) and in many other cases.
Informal settlements in Baghdad city
Authors: Repeva Anastasia
Published: May 2021

The research deals with the issue of slums, urban sprawl on agriculture land and its impact on the city of Baghdad. This topic needs close attention because it has become a problem facing the city of Baghdad through recruiting agricultural lands and converting them to residential homes in addition to the transgression on the state lands and building abuses.

This research deals with the causes of slums, irregular urban sprawl and risks of excesses on land uses of land in Baghdad. In this research, we try to know the extent to which these problems have affected the city of Baghdad.

The research methodology based on the descriptive methodology to clarify the factors affecting urban sprawl at the expense of agricultural land, using studies in government and service institutions and images from satellites to clarify the size of urban sprawl over periods after the 2003 war. Finally, a conclusion and future solutions were set to solve these problems.
The digital model as a key tool for preserving architectural heritage in strategic master planning
Authors: Maksimova Svetlana , Semina Anastasia , Shamarina Anna , Balandina Anna
Published: May 2021

The possibilities and role of a three-dimensional spatial model are considered on the example of the historical and architectural Usolye Stroganovsky museum-reserve strategic master plan (Perm region). In the context of heritage preservation, the master plan was shown not only as a strategic document, but also as a communication tool between various branches of government in order to integrate heritage protection policy into the system of general urban planning policy. The methodological approach is based on use of a digital three-dimensional model obtained by laser scanning and photogrammetry. A portable and ground-based laser scanning to create the point cloud is presented. The architectural and urban planning solutions of the strategic master plan are based on the dynamic 3D model and static visualizations of individual elements. The results of virtual reconstruction are shown. The level of detail of 3D models is LOD 200. Virtual reconstruction and visualization have shown themselves not only as a reliable communication tool for the decision-making management, but also as a way to quickly obtain a complex of urban planning and design documentation suitable for reconstruction and restoration of historical and architectural heritage.
Using a mobile eye-tracking technology to explore pedestrians’ gaze distribution on street space
Authors: Rudenko Sergey , Danilina Nina , Hristov Borislav
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with the question of smart sustainable city development on the example of public city street space study using a modern mobile eye-tracking technology. The article presents a methodology to obtain data on the distribution of human gaze on dynamic and static objects located on urban streets as well as computer technologies that are used for the acquisition and processing of data. With the help of these technologies, it is possible to study people’s behavior in dynamic environments and to obtain results describing the nature of the pedestrians’ perception of their surrounding space. The results of a survey on urban streets in Berlin using a mobile eye tracking system are shown in this paper. Based on the results of the study, a list of objects that catch people’s attention and a numerical description of the gaze distribution are presented.
Approach to defining the object of energy efficiency assessment in industry
Authors: Verstina Natalia , Solopova Natalia , Meshcheryakova Tatiana , Taskaeva Natalia , Shchepkina Natalia
Published: May 2021

A scientific project focused on the development of a methodology for assessing energy efficiency classes of industrial facilities identified the primary research problems. The first and most important of them is the absence of a categorical and conceptual apparatus in the field of energy efficiency in industry, both in the Russian Federation and at the global level. This fact limits the definition of the system of indicators in the diagnosis of energy consumption. The study analyzed the definitions of an industrial facility contained in the current legislative and regulatory documents, as well as related assessment categories, such as: an industrial building and an industrial enterprise. The lack of unity in the definition of the identified categories, and in some cases their contradiction, demanded clarification of the category “industrial facility” as an object of diagnostics of energy consumption in industry, within the framework of an expert survey with the involvement of Russian and foreign experts in the field of energy. The practical significance of the results of the study is that the clarification of the category “industrial facility” is an integral attribute of the process of developing a methodological framework for assessing energy efficiency in industry, affecting its substantive part.
Smart city trend in Tehran
Authors: Nazari Valiollah , Gholami Mohammad , Fooladi Mohammad Mehdi , Majorzadehzahiri Alireza , Mourad Alashkar Eilaf
Published: May 2021

Cities are inherently complex and vastly interrelated challenges. Meanwhile, the rapid growth of cities is not commensurate with the capacity to expand their infrastructure and imposes increasing pressure on urban infrastructure. In other words, it is beyond their capacities and capabilities. Therefore, they always suffer from adverse consequences. One of the new concepts to meet the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is the development of smart cities that integrate physical and virtual capabilities. The trend of smart cities in Tehran has started a few years ago. In this study, the current situation of Tehran was evaluated and the strengths and weaknesses of Tehran Smart City were identified, and appropriate strategies and measures to continue the trend of moving Tehran City towards Smart City. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. SWOT analysis method and internal matrices (IFE) and external (EFE) were used for research. The results of this study show that all the necessities that have led cities in the world to smart approaches are also applicable in Tehran and the situation of Tehran in the trend of smart city in Tehran is appropriate. According to the strategy selected in this research, which is the Maxi-Maxi or SO strategy, the city of Tehran can continue the smart city trend by using its strengths and investing in opportunities and achieve the desired goals.
Formation of an approach to assessing the energy efficiency class of an industrial facility
Authors: Meshcheryakova Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Analysis of the world practice in the field of classification of various objects of assessment, allows us to conclude that there are different approaches to organizing a certain set of objects under study in accordance with the established signs or criteria. In the course of the implementation of a scientific project to develop a methodology for assessing energy efficiency classes of industrial facilities, a methodology for choosing an approach to the classification of industrial facilities is proposed. The proposed research methodology is based on a comparison of their objective characteristics, features and scope of application, as well as the subjective opinion of experts with experience in standardization and the development of methodic classification of objects by the level of energy efficiency in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The result of the study will be the ranking of industrial facilities according to the developed ranking system. This will make it possible to form a system for benchmarking the energy efficiency of industrial facilities and will become a tool for stimulating energy management at enterprises.
Derrière le spectre des « conflits d’intérêts » généralisés. Les agences face aux défis de l’évaluation réglementaire de produits
Authors: Boullier Henri
Published: May 2021

Les agences réglementaires sont aujourd’hui au cœur des politiques de protection des populations et de l’environnement, en France comme en Europe. À chaque fois que les effets sanitaires d’un produit font l’objet d’une controverse publique (bisphénol A, benfluorex, glyphosate), ces agences sont mises en accusation : leurs procédures de gestion des conflits d’intérêts et leurs politiques de transparence seraient insuffisantes. Les débats qui ont récemment entouré les évaluations divergentes du Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (CIRC) et de l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA) sur la cancérogénicité du glyphosate suggèrent cependant une situation plus complexe. Plutôt qu’un problème de « conflit d’intérêts », les critiques formulées à l’égard de l’EFSA sont liées au fait que les questions qui lui sont posées, les protocoles sur lesquels elle s’appuie, et les données qu’elle utilise, le sont dans un contexte bien particulier : celui de l’évaluation réglementaire de produits en vue de leur commercialisation.
Construire un regard sociohydrologique (3). Expérimenter un canevas pour engager la négociation interdisciplinaire
Authors: Collard Anne-Laure , Riaux Jeanne , Massuel Sylvain , Bonté Bruno , Laurenceau Martin , Richard Bastien , Rivière-Honegger Anne
Published: May 2021

Troisième volet d’un travail sur la démarche sociohydrologique, ce retour d’expérience s’intéresse aux modalités du dialogue interdisciplinaire en l’absence d’une expérience de terrain partagée. Un postulat a guidé la confection d’un « canevas » pour structurer les échanges au sein d’un groupe de chercheurs : la nécessité de partager des expériences pour négocier les points de convergence entre regards des sciences de la nature et de la société sur un même objet, ici les canaux d’irrigation communautaires. L’analyse du processus de construction, d’expérimentation et d’évaluation de ce canevas est entendue comme élément à part entière du processus interdisciplinaire. La double perspective sur laquelle repose cette contribution, expérimentation et réflexivité, permet un retour sur les modalités du dialogue interdisciplinaire et examine l’importance des frustrations dans la progression de la négociation.
Die Necheles-Niere – die erste „Plattenniere“
Authors: Sander Ullrich
Published: May 2021

1927 veröffentliche Heinrich Necheles (1897–1979) eine Schemazeichnung seines Plattendialysators und Ergebnisse der Dialysen in seinen Tierversuchen. Necheles war zu dieser Zeit an der Universität Peking (China) tätig.
Renale Komplikationen bei Immuntherapien von Malignomen
Authors: Schanz Moritz , Kimmel Martin
Published: May 2021

Durch ein targetspezifisches Vorgehen stellen Immuntherapien eine neue hocheffektive Therapieform bei fortgeschrittenen Malignomen dar, zunehmende Verbreitung findet in diesem Feld insbesondere die Therapie mit Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (CPI). Allerdings kann es hierunter neben anderen immunvermittelten unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen zu renalen Komplikationen kommen. Eine hierdurch bedingte Nephrotoxizität ist häufiger als initial angenommen und tritt teilweise erst mit einer deutlichen Latenz auf. Histologisch handelt es sich in den meisten Fällen um eine akute interstitielle Nephritis. Diese lässt sich i. d. R. durch Stoppen der CPI-Therapie und Gabe von Kortikosteroiden gut therapieren. Die renale Prognose ist unter Anwendung dieser Maßnahmen überwiegend gut. Andere Immuntherapien von Tumoren spielen hinsichtlich der Nephrotoxizität eine eher untergeordnete Rolle, wobei mit zunehmender Verbreitung einer CAR-T-Zell-Therapie zukünftig auch die renalen Nebenwirkungen berücksichtigt werden sollten.
Die psychische Gesundheit von Pflegenden (Teil 4)
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: May 2021

Zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit von Pflegenden setzen Trainingsmethoden an den Resilienzfaktoren an. Neben Übungen, die einem auf Defizite fokussierten Wahrnehmen und Bewerten von Situationen entgegenwirken, werden in diesem letzten Teil der Artikelserie Methoden vorgestellt, die effektiv das subjektiv empfundene Stresslevel senken können. Durch Klopfen von Akupunkturpunkten, die Formulierung von Affirmationen bei gleichzeitiger Körperstimulation, die Verwendung positiver Sprachbilder sowie Achtsamkeitsübungen kann wirksam Stress reduziert und die individuelle Resilienz gefördert werden. Resilientes Verhalten heißt dann nicht, die Welt durch eine rosarote Brille zu sehen, sondern selbst positive Erlebnisse, Gedanken und Gefühle bewusst herbeizuführen, um sich besser zu fühlen. Das kann gelingen, indem achtsam die eigene Aufmerksamkeit auf das Gelingende und das Mögliche gelenkt wird. Pflegende können damit ihr Empowerment fördern, indem sie sich nicht mehr als Opfer der Stressoren wahrnehmen, sondern durch eigenes Handeln die gesundheitliche Handlungskompetenz auch für ein Mehr an seelischem Wohlbefinden erreichen.
Ernährungsintervention: Intervallfasten
Authors: Mittag Jonas
Published: May 2021

Das Fasten ist eine der ältesten bekannten Ernährungsinterventionen und hat in der Geschichte der Menschheit eine lange kulturelle, spirituelle und medizinische Tradition. Über viele Dekaden wurde das „entschlackende Fasten“ in medizinischen Fachkreisen eher belächelt, erlebte dann jedoch in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche neue Studienergebnisse eine Renaissance und wurde in Form des Intervallfastens zu einem der wichtigsten aktuellen Trends in der Ernährungsmedizin. V. a. auch durch die sehr gute Interventions-Adhärenz erlangte der Trend als Alternative zur klassischen Reduktionsdiät große Popularität 1.
Vorhersage der Funktionserholung nach Schlaganfall basierend auf multimodaler zerebraler MRT-Bildgebung
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna
Published: May 2021

Erfahrungsbericht – Förderung Auslandsaufenthalt Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
Qualitative and Quantitative Workplace Analysis of Staff Requirement in an Academic Radiology Department
Authors: Streit Ulrike , Uhlig Johannes , Lotz Joachim , Panahi Babak , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali
Published: May 2021

Purpose The role of today’s hospital-based radiologists goes far beyond interpretation-related tasks. This observational study defines these types of activities and quantifies the type of value-adding interactions radiologists experience on a daily basis with referring departments and other health personnel. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of these value-adding non-image interpretation tasks in the daily routine of hospital-based residents and attending radiologists.

Methods A prospective, observational study was performed in the radiology department of a German university hospital. Two experienced radiologists performed a 30-day observation of the entire medical staff. The observers followed the subject radiologists throughout the workday, recording activities using a time and motion methodology. An evaluation matrix was developed to characterize and quantify image interpretation tasks (IITs), non-image interpretation tasks (NITs), and contingency allowance (CA) for residents and attending radiologists. Here, the example of the MRI unit is used.

Results Four main categories of responsibilities for NITs were identified including teaching and education, clinical decision support, management and organization, and patient care. The quantitative analysis for residents showed: IITs 15 h/d (53 %), NITs 9.8 h/d (34 %), CA 2.2 h/d (13 %). For attendings the analysis revealed: IITs 6.7 h/d (40 %), NITs 7.8 h/d (47 %), and CA 1.7 h/d (13 %). This resulted in staff requirements of 2 attendings and 3.4 residents for the MRI unit. On average, 6 TSEs/h occurred in the case of residents and 13 TSEs/h in the case of attendings.

Conclusion NITs consumed a significant portion of a radiologist’s workday. Therefore, the number of examinations performed is not a reliable surrogate for the daily workload of hospital-based radiologists especially in cross-sectional imaging units. Though time-consuming, these non-interpretive tasks are greatly contributing to the fact that modern radiology is assuming a central position in patient management, fulfilling a critical role that surpasses image interpretation-related tasks to include a more integrative and consultative role. These findings will help to further define the changing role of radiologists with respect to other physicians, non-medical personnel, hospital administrators, as well as policy makers.

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Citation Format
Current Insights into the Steroidal Module of the Athlete Biological Passport
Authors: Piper Thomas , Geyer Hans , Haenelt Nadine , Huelsemann Frank , Schaenzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: May 2021

For decades, the class of anabolic androgenic steroids has represented the most frequently detected doping agents in athletes’ urine samples. Roughly 50% of all adverse analytical findings per year can be attributed to anabolic androgenic steroids, of which about 2/3 are synthetic exogenous steroids, where a qualitative analytical approach is sufficient for routine doping controls. For the remaining 1/3 of findings, caused by endogenous steroid-derived analytical test results, a more sophisticated quantitative approach is required, as their sheer presence in urine cannot be directly linked to an illicit administration. Here, the determination of urinary concentrations and concentration ratios proved to be a suitable tool to identify abnormal steroid profiles. Due to the large inter-individual variability of both concentrations and ratios, population-based thresholds demonstrated to be of limited practicability, leading to the introduction of the steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport. The passport enabled the generation of athlete-specific individual reference ranges for steroid profile parameters. Besides an increase in sensitivity, several other aspects like sample substitution or numerous confounding factors affecting the steroid profile are addressed by the Athlete Biological Passport-based approach. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview on current prospects, supporting professionals in sports drug testing and steroid physiology.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lung Resection in United States Veterans: Trends and Outcomes versus Thoracotomy
Authors: Napolitano Michael A. , Sparks Andrew D. , Werba Gregor , Rosenfeld Ethan S. , Antevil Jared L. , Trachiotis Gregory D.
Published: May 2021

Background Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) offers reduced morbidity compared with open thoracotomy (OT) for pulmonary surgery. The use of VATS over time has increased, but at a modest rate in civilian populations. This study examines temporal trends in VATS use and compares outcomes between VATS and OT in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Methods Patients who underwent pulmonary surgery (wedge or segmental resection, lobectomy, or pneumonectomy) at Veterans Affairs centers from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively identified using the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. The cohort was divided into OT and VATS and propensity score matched, taking into account the type of pulmonary resection, preoperative diagnosis, and comorbidities. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were compared. The prevalence of VATS use and respective complications over time was also analyzed.

Results A total of 16,895 patients were identified, with 5,748 per group after propensity matching. VATS had significantly lower rates of morbidity and a 2-day reduction in hospital stay. Whereas 76% of lung resections were performed open in 2008, nearly 70% of procedures were performed using VATS in 2018. While VATS was associated with an 8% lower rate of major complications compared with thoracotomy in 2008, patients undergoing VATS lung resection in 2018 had a 58% lower rate of complications (p < 0.001).

Conclusions VATS utilization at VHA centers has become the predominant technique used for pulmonary surgeries over time. OT patients had more complications and longer hospital stays compared with VATS. Over the study period, VATS patients had increasingly lower complication rates compared with open surgery.
Long-Term Outcomes and Course of Compensatory Sweating after Endoscopic Sympathicotomy
Authors: Turhan Kutsal , Kavurmaci Önder , Akçam Tevfik İlker , Ergönül Ayşe Gül , Özdil Ali , Çakan Alpaslan , Çağirici Ufuk
Published: May 2021

Background Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy is an effective approach to the treatment of idiopathic localized hyperhidrosis, and compensatory sweating is the main reason for patient dissatisfaction. Our study discusses both the long-term outcomes of sympathicotomy and the course of compensatory sweating.

Methods Patients with palmar and/or axillary hyperhidrosis who were operated by the same surgical team between January 2008 and December 2014 were included in the study. After at least 5 years (60 months) from operation, patients were questioned about their treatment outcomes by using an original survey form.

Results Of the 137 patients included in the study, 88 (64.2%) were female and 49 (35.8%) were male. The mean time from the operation to the survey interview was 80.9 ± 14.1 (64–136) months. After operation, complaints disappeared in 95.1% of the patients, and decreased in 4.9% with palmar hyperhidrosis. Complaints completely disappeared in 12.9% and decreased in 81.7% of the patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. Ninety-seven (70.8%) of the patients described increased sweating in some parts of their body after operation but only 47 reached an uncomfortable intensity. The number of patients who regretted the operation due to the compensatory sweating was 13 (9.5%). The patients' overall scoring of the operation and procedure was calculated as 8.0 ± 2.1 (0–10 points) out of 10.

Conclusion Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy's long-term outcomes are also satisfactory in the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Compensatory sweating may decrease over time, only a minority of patients will express regret at undergoing the treatment.
SCN8A and Its Related Epileptic Phenotypes
Authors: Praticò Andrea , Gulizia Carmela , Gangi Gloria , Oliva Claudia , Romano Catia , Marino Simona , Polizzi Agata , Ruggieri Martino , Falsaperla Raffaele
Published: May 2021

Sodium channelopathies are among the most common single-gene causes of epilepsy and have been considered model disorders for the study of genetic epilepsies. Epilepsies due to SCN8A pathogenic variants can present with a broad range of phenotypes varying from a severe epileptic encephalopathy with multiple types of drug-resistant seizure to neurodevelopmental delay, mental retardation, and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings of multifocal spike and waves (mostly in the temporal/parietal/occipital areas). In rare cases, benign familial infantile seizures and developmental delay with/without ataxia have been reported. A first-level, specific SCN8A Sanger's sequencing, although available, is rarely performed because the clinical phenotype is not strictly characteristic and several overlaps with other genetic epilepsies may occur. Given its indistinctive phenotype, diagnosis is usually performed through a specific gene panel for epileptic encephalopathies, early epilepsies, or genetic epilepsy in general, or through whole exome sequencing (WES) and more rarely through whole genome sequencing (WGS). Mutations in SCN8A occur as an autosomal dominant trait. The great majority of individuals diagnosed with SCN8A epilepsy do not have an affected parent, because usually SCN8A patients do not reproduce, and mutations are inherited as a “de novo” trait. In rare cases, SCN8A mutations may be inherited in the setting of parental germline mosaicism. SCN8A-related epilepsies have not shown a clear genotype–phenotype correlation, the same variants have been described with different clinical expressivity and this could be due to other genetic factors or to interacting environmental factors. There is no standardized treatment for SCN8A-related epilepsy because of the rarity of the disease and the unavailability of specific, targeted drugs. Treatment is based mainly on antiepileptic drugs which include classic wide-spectrum drugs such as valproic acid, levetiracetam, and lamotrigine. Sodium-channel blockers (phenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine) have shown appreciable results in terms of seizure reduction, in particular, in patients presenting gain-of-function mutations. Nowadays, new potentially transformative gene therapy treatment approaches are currently being explored, allowing in the next future, a precision-based treatment directed against the gene defect and protein alterations.
Analgesia, Sedation, and Neuromuscular Blockade in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Weems Mark F. , Grover Theresa R. , Seabrook Ruth , DiGeronimo Robert , Gien Jason , Keene Sarah , Rintoul Natalie , Daniel John M. , Johnson Yvette , Guner Yigit , Zaniletti Isabella , Murthy Karna ,   the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Focus Group
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the use, duration, and intercenter variation of analgesia and sedation in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of analgesia, sedation, and neuromuscular blockade use in neonates with CDH. Patient data from 2010 to 2016 were abstracted from the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database and linked to the Pediatric Health Information System. Patients were excluded if they also had non-CDH conditions likely to affect the use of the study medications.

Results A total of 1,063 patients were identified, 81% survived, and 30% were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Opioid (99.8%), sedative (93.4%), and neuromuscular blockade (87.9%) use was common. Frequency of use was higher and duration was longer among CDH patients treated with ECMO. Unadjusted duration of use varied 5.6-fold for benzodiazepines (median: 14 days) and 7.4-fold for opioids (median: 16 days). Risk-adjusted duration of use varied among centers, and prolonged use of both opioids and benzodiazepines ≥5 days was associated with increased mortality (p < 0.001) and longer length of stay (p < 0.001). Use of sedation or neuromuscular blockade prior to or after surgery was each associated with increased mortality (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion Opioids, sedatives, and neuromuscular blockade were used commonly in infants with CDH with variable duration across centers. Prolonged combined use ≥5 days is associated with mortality.

Key Points
Efficiency of Lung Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Viral Pneumonia in Newborn
Authors: Öktem Ahmet , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül , Üner Çiğdem , Aydoğan Seda , Dilli Dilek , Okumuş Nurullah
Published: May 2021

Objective Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a useful method for diagnosis of lung diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, pneumonia, and pneumothorax in the neonatal period. LUS has become an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung diseases. LUS is easy to apply at the bedside and is a practical and low-cost method for diagnosing pneumonia.

Study Design This study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics, Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital. From September 2019 to April 2020, 50 patients who were diagnosed with viral pneumonia were included in the study. Also, 24 patients with sepsis-related respiratory failure were included in the study as a control group. LUS was performed at the bedside three times, by a single expert, once each before treatment for diagnosis, on discharge, and after discharge in outpatient clinic control.

Results Before treatment, LUS findings were lung consolidation with air bronchograms (50/50), pleural line abnormalities (35/50), B-pattern (25/50), disappearance of lung sliding (21/50), lung pulse (5/50), and pleural effusion (9/50). During discharge, we found significant changes: lung consolidation with air bronchograms (6/50), pleural line abnormalities (7/50), B-pattern (12/50), and pleural effusion (1/50) (p < 0.05). Outpatient clinic control LUS findings were lung consolidation with air bronchograms (0/50), pleural line abnormalities (0/50), B-pattern (0/50), disappearance of lung sliding (0/50), and pleural effusion (0/50) (p < 0.05). Also, B-pattern image, disappearance of lung sliding, and pleural line abnormalities were higher in control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Ultrasound gives no hazard, and the application of bedside ultrasonography is comfortable for the patients. Pneumonia is a serious infection in the neonatal period. Repeated chest radiography may be required depending on the clinical condition of the patient with pneumonia. This study focuses on adequacy of LUS in neonatal pneumonia.

Key Points
Hauptstadtkongress 2021: Neue Impulse
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: May 2021

Der Hauptstadtkongress (HSK) steht vor zwei großen Veränderungen. Zum ersten Mal soll der Kongress – wenn möglich – als Hybrid-Format stattfinden. Und zum ersten Mal übernimmt Prof. Dr. Karl Max Einhäupl die Präsidentschaft für den Kongress. Ein Interview über Tradition, Veränderung und die inspirierende Atmosphäre der Präsenzveranstaltung.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: May 2021

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
Patientenportale: Wichtiger Baustein für das Krankenhaus der Zukunft
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: May 2021

Die Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus erfährt mit dem Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz (KHZG) einen wahren Boom: Bis zu 4,3 Milliarden Euro stehen den Krankenhäusern zur Verfügung, um in digitale Infrastruktur, moderne Notfallkapazitäten oder IT-Sicherheit zu investieren und die digitale Vernetzung von Patienten und Gesundheitspartnern voranzutreiben.
Digitale Transformation: „Wichtig ist jetzt, aus der Krise zu lernen“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: May 2021

Als Abteilungsleiter Digitalisierung im Bundesgesundheitsministerium treibt Dr. Gottfried Ludewig seit drei Jahren die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens maßgeblich voran. Im Gespräch mit kma spricht er über Lehren aus der Corona-Pandemie, warnt vor überzogenem Datenschutzdenken und klagt über verkrustete Denkmuster in den Führungsetagen der Krankenhäuser.
Technik im Gesundheitswesen: Systemrelevante gute Geister
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: May 2021

Technische Infrastruktur als Grundlage für das Kerngeschäft von Gesundheitseinrichtungen stehe so sicher und zuverlässig zur Verfügung, dass sie vielfach gar nicht wahr- oder als selbstverständlich genommen wird. In der Debatte um die Systemrelevanz der kritischen Infrastruktur Krankenaus werde so ausgerechnet immer wieder deren technische Infrastruktur ausgeklammert, wundert sich ÖVKT-Präsident Martin Krammer.
Stochastic density functional theory: Real- and energy-space fragmentation for noise reduction
Authors: Chen Ming , Baer Roi , Neuhauser Daniel , Rabani Eran
Published: May 2021

Stochastic density functional theory (sDFT) is becoming a valuable tool for studying ground-state properties of extended materials. The computational complexity of describing the Kohn–Sham orbitals is replaced by introducing a set of random (stochastic) orbitals leading to linear and often sub-linear scaling of certain ground-state observables at the account of introducing a statistical error. Schemes to reduce the noise are essential, for example, for determining the structure using the forces obtained from sDFT. Recently, we have introduced two embedding schemes to mitigate the statistical fluctuations in the electron density and resultant forces on the nuclei. Both techniques were based on fragmenting the system either in real space or slicing the occupied space into energy windows, allowing for a significant reduction in the statistical fluctuations. For chemical accuracy, further reduction of the noise is required, which could be achieved by increasing the number of stochastic orbitals. However, the convergence is relatively slow as the statistical error scales as 1/Nχ according to the central limit theorem, where Nχ is the number of random orbitals. In this paper, we combined the embedding schemes mentioned above and introduced a new approach that builds on overlapped fragments and energy windows. The new approach significantly lowers the noise for ground-state properties, such as the electron density, total energy, and forces on the nuclei, as demonstrated for a G-center in bulk silicon.
Phosphor converters for laser driven light sources
Authors: Ma Chaoyang , Cao Yongge
Published: May 2021

Due to the “efficiency droop” effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under high drive currents, laser diode (LD) driven light sources are considered to replace LED lighting for the next-generation solid-state-lighting technology. In this Perspective, the history of lighting technology and the intrinsic advantages of LDs lighting are outlined. We provide a comparative overview of several typical LD phosphors, such as single crystal, transparent ceramic, phosphor-in-glass, and film thereof, as well as surface texture modification of film-type phosphor plates. The relationship between the illumination characterizations (luminance saturation, conversion efficiency, extraction efficiency, illuminating directionality, and color spatial uniformity) with thermal conductivity, pores, defects, second phases, and surface roughing or patterning is discussed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects are highlighted to provide guidelines for future research on LD phosphors.
Raman spectroscopic study of frustrated ferroelectric phase in hydroxyl salts Co2(OH)3Br/Co2(OD)3Br
Authors: Xu Xing-Liang , Meng Dong-Dong , Zheng Xu-Guang , Guo Qi-Xin
Published: May 2021

We report on an investigation of the temperature-dependent ordering of the hydrogen/deuterium atoms in geometrically frustrated magnets Co2(OH)3Br and its deuterated Co2(OD)3Br, to shed light on the origin of the newly-identified ferroelectricity using Raman spectroscopy. Significant changes in the Raman frequencies and line-widths of the Raman-active modes were observed below ∼260 K in Co2(OD)3Br and ∼240 K in Co2(OH)3Br, respectively, the analysis of which revealed strong spin–phonon couplings in this system. Further, for Co2(OD)3Br, six new phonon bands appeared below around 260 K, with the corresponding intensities obeying a power-law equation

I
∝

1
−
T
/

T

c

2
β

wherein T
c = 260 K, suggesting that an ordering process occurred below ∼260 K. The ordering process subsequently affected the local structure and brought out the reported ferroelectric phase, which is considered as frustrated. Meanwhile, in Co2(OH)3Br, only one new band was observed below ∼240 K, followed by two ‘softened’ modes correlated to the [OH] sub-lattice below ∼185 K, wherein an incomplete ordering was suggested. The present work reveals a new multiferroic system combining geometrically frustrated magnetism and deuterium ordering-type ferroelectricity.
Method to minimize polymer degradation in drag-reduced non-Newtonian turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Baker Lucia , Qiao Yiming , Ghaemi Sina , Coletti Filippo
Published: May 2021

Polymer solutions are often used to produce drag-reduced fluid flows, in which the drag reduction is achieved due to the solutions’ non-Newtonian shear-thinning and viscoelastic properties. However, experiments using polymer solutions are typically challenging due to the tendency of the polymer to degrade when subjected to intense shearing. The degradation reduces the amount of drag reduction as the experiment progresses, which limits the experiment duration and the accuracy of the results. Here we introduce a method to avoid the degradation of the polymer solution by driving the flow with a paddlewheel instead of a conventional pump. The solution is shown to undergo very little degradation during the paddlewheel’s operation. The method is then applied to perform novel measurements of a drag-reduced turbulent boundary layer at two different Reynolds numbers, both with and without a suspended particle phase. The effects of carrier fluid rheology and Reynolds number on the particle concentration and velocity profiles are explored, as well as the effect on total drag of the flow. For a given fluid type and Reynolds number, the drag is found to be nearly constant with the global particle volume fraction, suggesting that the particles have a limited ability to modulate the drag. Remarkably, the particle velocity fluctuations are greater in the non-Newtonian cases, possibly due to enhanced collisions in the near-wall region.
Investigating the large angle of a physical pendulum using a smartphone’s sensors
Authors: Chatchawaltheerat Theerawat , Khemmani Supitch , Puttharugsa Chokchai
Published: May 2021

This paper demonstrates the use of a smartphone’s sensors in recording experimental data for investigating the large angle of a physical pendulum. The smartphone (iPhone 5s) was attached to a beam to record simultaneously both the angular position and the angular speed of the beam oscillating about the pivot. The period and phase space of the oscillation were theoretically calculated and were compared with the experimental data. It was found that the experimental results agreed well with the theoretical calculations. We expect that this experiment based on a smartphone’s sensors could be useful for physics teachers and encourage the interest of students.
Tunable photonic spin Hall effect due to the chiral Hall effect in strained Weyl semimetals
Authors: Jia Guangyi , Zhang Ruixia , Huang Zhenxian , Ma Qiaoyun , Wang Huaiwen , Asgari Reza
Published: May 2021

The latest research suggests that strain can be utilized to engineer the electronic states of Weyl semimetals (WSMs) through creating a pseudo-magnetic field
B

el. The response of strained WSMs to a real time-varying electric field
E
with
E
⊥
B

el can cause spatial chirality and charge separation in WSMs, i.e., the chiral Hall effect (CHE). Herein, the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) modified by CHE in strained WSM thin films is studied. We show that the in-plane and transverse photonic spin-dependent shifts (⟨Δx
+⟩ and ⟨Δy
+⟩) can be tuned to be more than 400 and 50 times of incident wavelength, respectively, at the angular frequency being close to the cyclotron frequency of massless fermions in the pseudo-magnetic field. In order to enhance the PSHE, epsilon-near-zero materials take priority of being as the substrates of WSM films. Besides, both ⟨Δx
+⟩ and ⟨Δy
+⟩ generally give extreme values around incident angles at which Fresnel reflection coefficients exhibit local minimums, whereas an inversion-symmetry breaking with nonzero axial chemical potential may break this generality. Finally, one possible experimental strategy for observing this CHE tuned PSHE is schemed, which may provide a pristine optical technique to precisely engineer and detect the strain in topological materials.
The optimized decomposition method for a reliable treatment of IVPs for second order differential equations
Authors: Odibat Zaid
Published: May 2021

In this study, a general framework of the optimized decomposition method, which suggests an optimal construction of the series solutions, for analytic treatment of IVPs for second order differential equations is proposed. The presented framework expands the application of the method to several classes of IVPs for nonlinear differential equations. Illustrative comparisons between the optimized decomposition method and the Adomian decomposition method for solving some nonlinear IVPs is then presented. The results confirm that the optimized decomposition method produces better performance and gives better accuracy compared to Adomian decomposition method. The study highlights the strength and advantages of the method in dealing with nonlinear differential equations.
An effective and universal intensity noise suppression technique for single-frequency fiber lasers at 1.5 μm
Authors: Zhou Kaijun , Zhao Qilai , Feng Zhouming , Yang Changsheng , Xu Shanhui
Published: May 2021

We report on an effective and universal technique to fulfill intensity noise suppression for single-frequency fiber lasers (SFFLs) at 1.5 μm. Utilizing a gain-saturated semiconductor optical amplifier and the effective filtering of amplified spontaneous emission, the resultant relative intensity noises of three diverse SFFLs are maintained at −155 dB Hz−1; which is only <0.9 dB from the shot noise limit in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 50 MHz. Refering to the three paradigmatic experimental results, this technology, as a promising external solution of noise suppression, can be modularized to promote the application of SFFLs.
Spatial radiation features of circularly polarized tightly focused laser beams colliding with electrons
Authors: Chen Zujie , Qin Hao , Chen Xi , Tian Youwei
Published: May 2021

In the framework of laser-matter interaction and nonlinear Thomson scattering, we investigate the three-dimensional (3D) motion trajectories and spatial radiation characteristics of the colliding motion electrons with tightly focused circularly polarized Gaussian pulses at different intensities. Combined with the 3D spatial images and the analysis of specific two-dimensional unfolded images, we discover that the amplitude of the motion trajectory increases steadily with increasing laser intensity, the peak radiation power increases rapidly, and the peak radiation azimuth decreases slowly. In addition, by studying the electron motion under the high-intensity (

a
0

>
10

) laser field, we find that the electron motion is retrograde twice when interacting with pulsed laser once. Lastly, by extracting the direction and energy of spatial radiation, we indicate that the existence of a specific laser intensity can make the peak radiation azimuth

θ

m

=

90
∘

and which intienity provides the maximum conversion rate of laser energy to the peak power of radiation.
Ultrashort pulsed laser amplifier: simultaneous optimization of thermally induced diffraction loss and energy transfer upconversion
Authors: Nadgaran Hamid , Kazempourfard Mohammad Sadegh
Published: May 2021

In this work, thermally induced diffraction loss and energy transfer upconversion (ETU) are considered for optimization of an ultrashort-pulsed laser amplifier. In this regard, pump spot size and signal to pump mode ratio are optimized in order to maximize the signal output energy. Toward this, the Frantz-Nodvik equation of ultrashort-pulsed laser amplifier with thermal induced diffraction loss and ETU theories were combined. Results show the power of this two-theory combination for optimization tasks of pico-second pulsed amplifiers. Optimized values of

w

p

=
90.2
μ

m and

w

s

/

w

p

=
0.62

for output energy of 2.3  µj are reported here. This output energy is twice the values reported without parameter optimization.
Robust operation of linearly polarized broad-range self-sweeping Ho-doped fiber laser
Authors: Vladimirskaya A D , Kamynin V A , Lobach I A , Kablukov S I
Published: May 2021

A stable self-sweeping operation with a sweeping range of 10 nm near 2100 nm in a Ho-doped fiber laser which does not require preliminary tuning is demonstrated. The polarization maintaining elements and approaches for the active fiber cooling were applied to stabilize the laser operation regime. The narrowband linearly polarized tunable radiation with average output power of more than 200 mW is generated. The regular transition of generation regime from the quasi continuous wave lasing to self-pulsations taking place at a certain moment during each scan is demonstrated for the first time. The developed source can be used for spectroscopy of nitrous oxide, having absorption lines in that spectral region.
Morphometric Analysis and Proximate Nutrition several Commercial Fish Species from Mesangat wetland, Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho R A , Nainggolan A S , Lariman L , Suimah S , Rudianto R , Prahastika W , Aryani R , Manurung H , Djati W N
Published: May 2021

Mesangat wetland has a high diversity of fish, which is traded for consumption by the community. The types of fish consumed have different sizes with unknown morphometric analysis and nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphometric measurement (total weight and length, weight of visceral, fin, head, bone, fillet, and gills) and evaluate the proximate content of several commercial fish species from the Mesangat wetland, Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur. The method used was direct sampling from the field for morphometric measurement, while fish was sampled for further proximate analysis and the results was compared to Standard National Indonesia (SNI). The results found that several species of fish used as consumption have a size that was classified as not in a good growth pattern, namely Channa striata, Notopterus chitala, Pangasiodon hypopthalmus, and Hemibagrus nemurus. Meanwhile, Channa micropeltes, Anabas testudineus, and Helostoma temminckii were found in a good growth pattern category. Furthermore, proximate analysis for sampled fish were in standard such as water content, protein, fat, and fibre. However, ash content was not in a standard. In conclusion, several sampled fish for consumption which was found in the Mesangat wetland are in a good growth condition and nutrition composition.