bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diaphanous regulates myosin and adherens junctions to control cell contractility and protrusive behavior during morphogenesis
Authors: Homem Catarina C. F. , Peifer Mark
Published: February 2008

Formins are key regulators of actin nucleation and elongation. Diaphanous-related formins, the best-known subclass, are activated by Rho and play essential roles in cytokinesis. In cultured cells, Diaphanous-related formins also regulate cell adhesion, polarity and microtubules, suggesting that they may be key regulators of cell shape change and migration during development. However, their essential roles in cytokinesis hamper our ability to test this hypothesis. We used loss- and gain-of-function approaches to examine the role of Diaphanous in Drosophila morphogenesis. We found that Diaphanous has a dynamic expression pattern consistent with a role in regulating cell shape change. We used constitutively active Diaphanous to examine its roles in morphogenesis and its mechanisms of action. This revealed an unexpected role in regulating myosin levels and activity at adherens junctions during cell shape change, suggesting that Diaphanous helps coordinate adhesion and contractility of the underlying actomyosin ring. We tested this hypothesis by reducing Diaphanous function, revealing striking roles in stabilizing adherens junctions and inhibiting cell protrusiveness. These effects also are mediated through coordinated effects on myosin activity and adhesion, suggesting a common mechanism for Diaphanous action during morphogenesis.
The ATPase-dependent chaperoning activity of Hsp90a regulates thick filament formation and integration during skeletal muscle myofibrillogenesis
Authors: Hawkins Thomas A. , Haramis Anna-Pavlina , Etard Christelle , Prodromou Chrisostomos , Vaughan Cara K. , Ashworth Rachel , Ray Saikat , Behra Martine , Holder Nigel , Talbot William S. , Pearl Laurence H. , Strähle Uwe , Wilson Stephen W.
Published: February 2008

The mechanisms that regulate sarcomere assembly during myofibril formation are poorly understood. In this study, we characterise the zebrafish slothu45 mutant, in which the initial steps in sarcomere assembly take place, but thick filaments are absent and filamentous I-Z-I brushes fail to align or adopt correct spacing. The mutation only affects skeletal muscle and mutant embryos show no other obvious phenotypes. Surprisingly, we find that the phenotype is due to mutation in one copy of a tandemly duplicated hsp90a gene. The mutation disrupts the chaperoning function of Hsp90a through interference with ATPase activity. Despite being located only 2 kb from hsp90a, hsp90a2 has no obvious role in sarcomere assembly. Loss of Hsp90a function leads to the downregulation of genes encoding sarcomeric proteins and upregulation of hsp90a and several other genes encoding proteins that may act with Hsp90a during sarcomere assembly. Our studies reveal a surprisingly specific developmental role for a single Hsp90 gene in a regulatory pathway controlling late steps in sarcomere assembly.
Eracle e iolao. Aspetti della collaborazione tra copisti nell'età dei paleologi
Authors: Bianconi Daniele
Published: February 2008

Sullo scorcio del XIII secolo il patriarca Gregorio di Cipro inviò a Tessalonica un prezioso esemplare di Platone, su cui era riuscito a mettere le mani, perché fosse trascritto. Gregorio commissionò il lavoro a Giovanni Stauracio – figura di letterato anche altrimenti nota – e ad un certo Cabasila, chiamato a collaborare con Stauracio, «come Iolao con Eracle», per la realizzazione di un βιβλίον οὔ τοι ϕαυλον, un «libro non da nulla». Questo passo, scelto tra i molti che si potrebbero addurre, documenta una realtà assai frequente nel mondo bizantino, vale a dire la collaborazione tra più copisti nell'allestimento di un codice. Nel caso in questione l'attività di trascrizione, come testimonia del resto la presenza di una committenza esterna di alto rango, assume la fisionomia di un lavoro vero e proprio, vincolato al pagamento di un compenso. Nonostante ne sia risultato un prodotto αἴσχιστον, «turpissimo» – sappiamo che il libro al suo solo apparire disgustò a tal punto il patriarca che questi avrebbe voluto gettarlo nell'acqua o nel fuoco perché non sopravvivesse a disonorare la propria biblioteca – Cabasila e, almeno in una certa misura, Stauracio dovevano essere scribi di mestiere e le loro, conseguentemente, mani professionali. Ma v'è un dato sul quale occorre riflettere: Stauracio e Cabasila erano solamente in due così come in due, ad esempio, erano gli scribi sicuramente di professione che, alla fine del secolo IX, avevano collaborato alla trascrizione del Vat. gr. 1594 e del Laur. 28.27, splendidi esemplari, specie il primo, della cosiddetta “collezione filosofica”. Di contro, alla trascrizione del codice che meglio di altri testimonia il lavoro e l'attività di studio di Gregorio di Cipro, giacché ne conserva, fra altri scritti, una silloge di testi classici da lui stesso messa insieme – l'Escor. X.I.13 + Φ.I.18 –, hanno preso parte insieme al patriarca almeno altri tre copisti, mentre in sei hanno collaborato con lui all'allestimento del corpus di logica aristotelica tradito dal codice Ambr. M 71 sup. Sembra lecito parlare, dunque, nei casi in cui molteplici siano le mani impegnate a trascrivere un codice, dell'attività più o meno organizzata di un gruppo di copisti, dietro i quali talvolta è possibile individuare “leading figures of scholarship”. Dal momento che gli esemplari usciti da questi ambienti non presentano un carattere univoco – si va da libri di pregio forse scritti su commissione a libri di studio, fino agli “Hausbücher” di cui parla Herbert Hunger – e che i modi stessi della collaborazione tra copisti si rivelano assai variegati, diverse e spesso contrastanti sono state le interpretazioni date del fenomeno.
Du Grec en Syriaque : La transmission du récit de la prise d'Amid (502) dans l'historiographie Byzantine
Authors: Debié Muriel
Published: February 2008

Le récit du siège et de la prise d'Amid, place-forte de Mésopotamie, en 502, constitue un exemple intéressant de la manière dont se transmet un récit historique de la tradition grecque au domaine syriaque et au-delà. Présent dans l'historiographie grecque (Évagre, Procope, Malalas, Théophane) comme un épisode de la brève période d'affrontement entre Perses et Romains dans les années 502–507, ce récit connaît un succès particulier dans les textes syriaques où il passe du domaine de l'histoire à celui de la légende. Cet épisode apparaît dans l'Histoire d'Édesse de 506 du pseudo-Josué, dans l'Histoire ecclésiastique du pseudo-Zacharie et dans toutes les chronographies importantes: celle de Zuqnin, du pseudo-Denys, dans celle d'Édesse de 1234 et dans celle de Michel le Syrien. Il est par ailleurs mentionné dans toutes les petites chroniques, qui indiquent la date, la durée, le nombre de victimes du siège. La similitude entre la version de Procope et celle du pseudo-Zacharie a déjà été relevée mais n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une enquête qui permette d'élucider les liens qui les unissent et d'établir par quelle voie ce texte est passé du grec au syriaque où il a été retravaillé pour répondre à des besoins apologétiques. La chute de la ville aux mains des Perses est en effet présentée à partir de l'Histoire ecclésiastique du pseudo-Zacharie comme une punition pour les chrétiens infidèles, livrés au roi perse Kavadh à qui le Christ serait apparu et aurait donné la victoire. Le récit est dès lors utilisé pour exhorter les communautés chrétiennes à persévérer dans la foi « orthodoxe ». Cette version du siège est ensuite traduite de manière inattendue en arabe puis en géorgien, dans ce qui semble être le reste d'une chronique.
Ist der Kopist des Geschichtswerkes von Dukas Dukas selbst?
Authors: Kotzabassi Sofia
Published: February 2008

Als ich vor zehn Jahren die Hand des Kopisten des Geschichtswerkes von Dukas in einigen Handschriften identifizierte, hatte ich mehr dazu tendiert, daß der Kopist in der 2. Hälfte des 15. Jh. in Norditalien lebte, wohin er eventuell aus dem Osten gekommen war. Eine spätere, zufällige Entdeckung im Kodex Laurentianus plut. 10.8 hat mich dazu veranlaßt, alle Gegebenheiten bezüglich der Persönlichkeit des Schreibers nochmals zu untersuchen.
Richard P.H. Greenfield (introd., transl., annot.), The Life of Lazaros of Mt. Galesion: an eleventh-century pillar saint. [Byzantine Saints' Lives in Translation, 3.]
Authors: Külzer Andreas
Published: February 2008

Der heilige Lazaros vom Berge Galesion gehört unbestreitbar zu den wichtigsten Vertretern des Mönchtums in der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit. Wohl um 966/67 in einfachen Verhältnissen unweit von Magnesia am Mäander geboren und als Leon getauft, hatte er das Privileg, schon in jungen Jahren in einigen Klöstern seiner heimatlichen Umgebung, in Oroboi, Kalathai und in Strobelion, eine Ausbildung erhalten zu können. Die Sehnsucht, mit eigenen Augen die Terra Sancta zu schauen, führte ihn dann im Alter von etwa 18 Jahren zunächst nach Attaleia, wo er geraume Zeit verweilte und unter dem Namen Lazaros in die Reihen der Mönche aufgenommen wurde, bevor er sich seinen großen Wunsch erfüllte und nach Jerusalem weiterzog. Er verbrachte einige Jahre in den bedeutenden Klöstern H. Sabbas und H. Euthymios, bevor er sich durch die Zerstörung des Heiligen Grabes im September 1009 durch den Kalifen al-Hakim veranlaßt sah, nach Kleinasien zurückzukehren. Nach einer Zeit der Wanderschaft durch Kilikien, Kappadokien und Pontos traf er, wahrscheinlich 1010 oder 1011, wieder in der heimatlichen Provinz Asia ein, wo er sich alsbald am Berge Galesion niederließ, um hier für gute vierzig Jahre als Asket und Stylit auf wechselnden Säulen zu leben. Als Lazaros dann am 7. November des Jahres 1053 verstarb, stand er bei seinen Zeitgenossen in höchstem Ansehen, war er doch zu einer „lebenden Ikone“ geworden: aufgrund seiner Frömmigkeit und Spiritualität, aber nicht zuletzt auch dank seiner weisen Ansprachen und Ratschläge kamen die Gläubigen in großer Zahl, ihn zu sehen und zu hören; sie machten den Galesion dergestalt zu einem eigenen Pilgerzentrum, das zeitweilig sogar zum unweit gelegenen Ephesos in Konkurrenz treten konnte.
Katia Tchérémissinoff, Recherches sur le lexique des chroniques slaves traduites du grec au Moyen Âge
Authors: Ziffer Giorgio
Published: February 2008

La letteratura slava ecclesiastica durante l'intero arco della sua storia vive in primo luogo di traduzioni, eseguite soprattutto, seppure non esclusivamente, a partire da modelli greci. Mentre tuttavia sul piano storico-letterario l'attenzione si concentra per ovvie ragioni sulla produzione originale, in sede di analisi linguistica le opere di traduzione mantengono, o almeno dovrebbero mantenere, un ruolo fondamentale. A questo proposito ci si può addirittura spingere ad affermare che uno dei motivi per i quali a tutt'oggi mancano una storia complessiva e un grande dizionario storico della lingua slava ecclesiastica risiede verosimilmente proprio nella carenza di ricerche approfondite intorno a molte traduzioni slave ecclesiastiche. Su tale sfondo va letto il libro che qui si recensisce, incentrato sul lessico delle versioni di cinque cronache bizantine, composte in ordine cronologico da Giovanni Malala, Giorgio Amartolo, Simeone Logoteta, Costantino Manasse e Giovanni Zonara, e tradotte in slavo ecclesiastico in tempi e luoghi diversi. Come si ricava dalla breve premessa di A. Guillou (p. 3), lo studio di Katia Tchérémissinoff è approdato alle stampe solo dopo un lungo intervallo dalla sua composizione; un intervallo che la bibliografia usufruita, ferma in buona sostanza al 1980, permette di quantificare in vent'anni. Prima di esaminare il volume più da vicino, il recensore purtroppo non potrà non registrare (e lamentare) il numero esorbitante di errori di stampa che coinvolgono anzitutto i nomi degli autori e i titoli delle opere citate, come per es. Bujuklev in luogo di Bujukliev (p. 19, n. 29), Sandelf per Sandfeld (p. 24, n. 37), Aitzemuller invece di Aitzetmüller (p. 30, n. 52); M. A. Meščeskij per N. A. Meščerskij (p. 42, n. 72; e vd. anche p. 98, n. 157); e quindi, “Das slavische Zort für Kirsche” (in luogo di “Das slavische Wort für Kirche”, a p. 149, n. 240), “Costantinopple byzantine” (p. 186, nn. 303 e 304, e passim), “Byzantinische Uhrkundenlehre. I. Die Kaiser Uhrkunden” (p. 196, n. 310), e così via. Dove però deve essere stato il diavolo in persona a metterci lo zampino, è nelle citazioni slave ecclesiastiche nelle quali, nonostante la revisione cui è stato sottoposto il volume (vd. p. 3), gli errori, grandi e piccoli, semplicemente non si contano: il che di certo non agevola il compito del lettore, sia egli più o meno esperto di slavo ecclesiastico.
Leon Magistros Choirosphaktes. Chiliostichos Theologia. Editio princeps. Einleitung, kritischer Text, Übersetzung, Kommentar, Indices besorgt von Ioannis Vassis [Supplementa Byzantina, 6.]
Authors: Lauxtermann Marc
Published: February 2008

Leo Choirosphaktes' didactic poem Thousand-Line Theology survives in only one manuscript, Vat. gr. 1257 (s. X), which contains a number of rather unusual poetic texts. The subtitle of Vassis' edition, editio princeps, is – strictly speaking – not entirely correct: the whole text was already edited by Rhoby, and parts of it were published by Magdalino. But Rhoby's dissertation has not been published and Magdalino calls his own edition an “imperfect working transcription”. Moreover, these two editions are hardly as good as that of V. Choirosphaktes' poem is not always easy to understand and the only surviving manuscript renders the comprehension of the text even more difficult, because it offers so many incorrect readings. In a number of manuscripts we find a small excerpt of the poem: if one compares the six verses offered by these manuscripts with the text of Vat. gr. 1257, one notices no less than five corruptions, and most of them very serious ones. For the remaining 1153 verses of the poem, we do not possess another manuscript to check the readings of Vat. gr. 1257, but there can be little doubt that there must be hundreds of errors in the text as transmitted by our only manuscript. Some of these errors are easy to spot for reasons of grammar, metrics and meaning, but other errors may escape our notice, because at first sight there does not seem to be anything wrong with the text. As Choirosphaktes is an accomplished poet who knows very well what he is doing, an editor is obliged to change the text by means of divination and emendation whenever the text is not satisfactory. Lately there has been a tendency among editors to be as conservative as possible, but it remains to be seen whether this in itself laudable conservatism is the right method for all texts. V. rightly follows a less cautious method of editing and corrects the text wherever the text needs correcting. One cannot but admire V.'s courage and assiduity in solving the textual problems and unravelling the many mysteries of the Thousand-Line Theology. This is really an excellent edition.
A Reply to a recent review
Authors: Treadgold Warren
Published: February 2008

In replying to Dr. Wolfram Brandes' review of my History of the Byzantine State and Society and Concise History of Byzantium in BZ 95 (2002), pp. 716–25, I shall confine myself to correcting what I consider distortions of fact, and pass over my differences with the reviewer about theory, which cannot be usefully discussed until those distortions are corrected.
Über Zitate und Anspielungen in der Alexias Anna Komnenes sowie Anklänge derselben in den späteren Geschichtsschreibern
Authors: Tziatzi-Papagianni Maria
Published: February 2008

Die Alexias Anna Komnenes enthält sehr viele Zitate oder Anspielungen auf die Worte altgriechischer Autoren, der Bibel, der Kirchenväter, aber auch anderer byzantinischen Autoren, besonders Geschichtsschreiber. Der reiche Testimonienapparat der neuen kritischen Ausgabe der Alexias von Reinsch-Kambylis ermöglicht es dem Leser, Schlußfolgerungen über die klassische Bildung der Autorin sowie über ihre historischen Quellen zu ziehen. R.-K. haben, offenbar mit Absicht, darauf verzichtet, alle Testimonien in den Apparat einzutragen. Auch verweisen sie selten auf Ausdrücke, die in der Alexias immer wieder vorkommen, um den Apparat nicht übermäßig zu belasten. In der Rezension dieser Ausgabe (s. Zum Testimonienapparat) habe ich, um den Rahmen der Rezension nicht zu sprengen, nur auf die allerwichtigsten der fehlenden Testimonien aufmerksam gemacht, vor allem auf diejenigen, die zur Textkonstitution beitragen, oder ohne Zweifel die Quelle von Anna darstellen.
Beat Brenk, Die Christianisierung der spätrömischen Welt. Stadt, Land, Haus, Kirche und Kloster in frühchristlicher Zeit
Authors: Altripp Michael
Published: February 2008

Der Titel dieses großformatigen Buches klingt zunächst sehr allgemein. Dieser Tatsache war sich der Verfasser offenbar bewußt, weshalb er im Vorwort eine präzise Definition nachreicht: „Die Thematik dieses Buches könnte etwa umschrieben werden mit ‚Christianisierung und Umnutzung von Städten, Bauparzellen, Gebäudekomplexen, Landschaften, Gebirgen und Wüsten‘. Lecker ist dieses Ungetüm nicht, aber es trifft die Sache.“ (S. 1)
Michael Fiedrowicz, Apologie im frühen Christentum. Die Kontroverse um den christlichen Wahrheitsanspruch in den ersten Jahrhunderten
Authors: Markschies Christoph
Published: February 2008

Mit dem hier anzuzeigenden Buch liegt zum ersten Mal seit langer Zeit wieder eine deutsche Gesamtdarstellung der für das Christentum argumentierenden apologetischen Literatur von ihren ersten Ansätzen im Neuen Testament bis zu Augustin und Orosius vor. Es wendet sich an einen breiten Leserkreis, entsprechend fehlen originalsprachliche Zitate in griechischer und lateinischer Sprache. Kernbegriffe sind allerdings mit Übersetzung angeführt.
CH.P. SYMEONIDES, H ελληνιϰή γλωσσιϰή επίδϱαση στο σύστημα ϰυϱίων ονομάτων της Παλαιοσλαβιϰής ϰαι ιδιαίτεϱα της Вουλγαϱιϰής
Authors: Mineva Evelina
Published: February 2008

Studies focusing exclusively on the impact of the Greek language on Old Slavonic and, specifically, Bulgarian, come few and far between, and the subject still offers much uncharted territory for contemporary philological and linguistic research. Given this state of affairs, this study by Charalampos Symeonides is a welcome and important contribution to the field. In essence, it continues the author's longstanding research interest in the mutual interaction of Greek and Bulgarian, and seeks to present the results of his investigations into the consequences of this interaction on the noun systems of Old Church Slavonic and Bulgarian – investigations that to date have appeared only in scattered articles.
Hymnographica “Nova” apud Su(i)dam
Authors: Papagiannis Grigorios
Published: February 2008

Wenn man beim Nachschlagen in LSJ wegen des Wortes ϕωτοϕάνεια die Angabe “Anon. apud Suid. s.v.ἐϰπλαγεῖς” liest, denkt man daran, daß es für einen Byzantinisten von gewißem Interesse wäre, diesen “Anonymus” (und eventuell auch andere) zu identifizieren. Im Suidas-Lexikon ist beim Lemma ε 574 Ἐϰπλαγεῖς folgendes (anonymes) Zitat zu lesen: ποιμένες ἀγϱαυλοῦντες ἐϰπλαγοῦς ϕωτοϕανείας ἔτυχον. Die Herkunft dieses Textes war A. Adler bekannt (derer Ausgabe den früheren Redaktoren von LSJ nicht zur Verfügung stand). Letztere teilt im app. font. richtig mit, daß der oben zitierte Text aus dem Weihnachtskanon des Kosmas Hierosolymites (vv. 126–127 = ξ1) stammt. Wie steht es aber mit anderen “interessanten” Wörtern, die der byzantinische Lexikograph aus den Kanones des Kosmas (oder auch anderer Dichter) “geschöpft” und bei denen er eventuell auch wertvolle Zitate beigegeben hat? Hat die Herausgeberin diese auch erkannt? Um darauf zu antworten, schien mir eine Untersuchung des Suidas-Lexikons – zunächst gezielt (mit Hilfe des TLG) – nach seltenen bzw. sprachlich interessanten Wörtern, Komposita usw., die in den Kanones – in erster Linie des Kosmas und des Ioannes von Damaskus – vorkommen, angebracht.
The Athonite Monastery of Zographou and its property in Hierissos in the late 13th and the early 14th Century
Authors: Pavlikianov Cyril
Published: February 2008

The purpose of the present article is to offer the scholarly community interested in the Byzantine period of Mount Athos new knowledge about some of the estates possessed by the Bulgarian Athonite monastery of Zographou in the vicinity of Hierissos in the early 14th century. The new details we shall comment on derive from an unknown document kept in the archive of Zographou.
Anthea Harris, Byzantium, Britain & the West. The archaeology of cultural identity AD 400–650
Authors: Ciggaar Krijnie
Published: February 2008

On the back-cover of the book one reads that the author “suggests that the Roman Empire, in its surviving Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) form, maintained a continual and sustained part in shaping the life of the West until at least the seventh century …”, and “Byzantine objects found in the West – whether they arrived through trade, diplomacy or the travels of individuals – force us to reconsider the extent and the purpose of the Eastern Roman Empire's intervention in the West, including Britain. In conclusion Dr Harris explores the idea of a ‘Late Antique Commonwealth’, extending from Britain to the Mediterranean”. From this résumé, in which the words ‘intervention’ and ‘shaping the life of the West’ figure prominently, one may conclude that the author is convinced that the Byzantine Empire in the East played an active role in the history of Western Europe.
I.N. KAZAZES/T.A. KARANASTASES, Еπιτομή του Λεξιϰού της Мεσαιωνιϰής Еλληνιϰής Δημώδους Гϱαμματείας 1100–1669 του Еμμανουήλ Кϱιαϱά. Тόμος A' A–K. Υπουϱγείο Еθνιϰής Παιδείας ϰαι Θϱησϰευμάτων, Кέντϱο Еλληνιϰής Гλώσσας, Thessaloniki 2001. 638 S.
Authors: Hinterberger Martin
Published: February 2008

Im Jahre 1999 übergab E. Kriaras dem Кέντϱο Ελληνιϰής Гλώσσας das gesamte Material seines Lexikons der mittelalterlichen griechischen Volksliteratur, das auf 19 Bände konzipiert ist und von dem bisher 14 Bände (α–παϱαΘήϰη) erschienen sind, ebenso wie das Recht der Fortsetzung und Vollendung seines Werkes. Die vorliegende Epitome stellt eine Kurzfassung der ersten 12 Bände dieses Lexikons dar (der erste Teil des zweiten Halbbandes, der den Bänden 13–15 des ausführlichen Lexikons entspricht, befindet sich bereits in Bearbeitung; der 2. Teil wird parallel zu den folgenden Bänden erstellt werden).
Paschalis M. Kitromilidis, Kυπϱιαϰη Λογιοσύνη 1571-1878, Πϱοσωπογϱαφιϰη Θεώϱηση. Nikosia, Cyprus Research Center 2002. 315 S. Mit 14 Abb. sowie Indizes und engl. Zsfg
Authors: Mathiopoulou-Tornaritou E.
Published: February 2008

Zusammen mit einem ausführlichen systematischen Überblick über das umfangreiche Schrifttum Zyperns dreier langer Jahrhunderte hat der bekannte Historiker der Aufklärung Paschalis Kitromilidis der Forschung und dem interessierten Leser eine adäquate moderne Ausgabe der Prosopographie und Ergographie der Gelehrsamkeit der Insel in der Heimat und in der Diaspora geliefert.
K.N. KONSTANTINIDES, H Διήγησις της θαυματουϱγης ειϰόνας της Θεοτόϰου ελεούσας του Кύϰϰου ϰατα ελληνιϰò ϰώδιϰα 2313 του Вατιϰανου. [Πηγες της ιστοϱίας της Ιεϱας Мονης Кύϰϰου, 4.]
Authors: Hinterberger Martin
Published: February 2008

Die ikonoklastische Kritik an der Ikonenverehrung, insbesondere die in diesem Zusammenhang geäußerten Zweifel an der Authentizität der Bilder förderte die Entstehung von Legenden, die die Zuverlässigkeit des bildlich Dargestellten untermauern sollten. Demgemäß gingen die Abbilder Christi auf das Abgar-Tuch zurück, auf dem sich Christi Gesichtszüge verewigt hätten, und die Darstellungen der Muttergottes auf Bildnisse, die der Apostel Lukas gemalt habe. Als eines dieser Urbilder wurde die hochverehrte Muttergottesikone των Όδηγων angesehen, die im gleichnamigen Konstantinopolitanischen Kloster aufbewahrt wurde. Eine weitere, heißt es, habe sich im kaiserlichen Palast befunden und sei später nach Zypern transferiert worden. Dies sei die heute im Kύϰϰου-Kloster aufbewahrte Ikone der barmherzigen Muttergottes.
Maria Mavroudi, A Byzantine book on dream interpretation. The Oneirocriticon of Achmet and its Arabic sources
Authors: Gutas Dimitri
Published: February 2008

The Byzantine dreambook known in the tradition as The Oneirocriticon of Achmet has had a long and influential history both in its field and in scholarship. It is the longest of the eight surviving Byzantine books on dream interpretation, and most likely also the oldest. It was compiled during the Macedonian renaissance—specifically, the two termini of 843 and 1075 can be established—possibly in the reign of Leo VI (r. 886–912), to whom it may have been dedicated, and possibly through the influence of his Arab minister Samonas. It was translated early into Latin, in 1176 (by contrast, the famous ancient dreambook of Artemidorus was not translated until 1539), and “through this translation found its way into several European and vernacular languages from the late thirteenth century onward” (p. 4). The scholarly study of the work began in 1577, with the preface Johann Loewenklau wrote for his Latin translation of the Greek text, and continued apace to this day. The book by Maria Mavroudi under review here, from which this information is taken (chapter 1), is the latest in a long series of studies. It is also the most exhaustive and meticulous in its research and the first fully to take into account, in a professional and exemplary manner, the Arabic sources of the work. Exhaustive, but perhaps also exhausting—one may object that 471 pages of text (exclusive of prefatory material and bibliographies and indices) for a study of a mere dreambook may be too many, though apparently necessary, for Mavroudi's book contends against the weight of previous scholarship and offers much needed correctives.
Dionysios Ch. Stathakopoulos, Famine and pestilence in the late Roman and early Byzantine Empire. A systematic survey of subsistence crises and epidemics
Authors: Meier Mischa
Published: February 2008

Die überarbeitete Wiener Dissertation erhebt den Anspruch, einen grundsätzlichen Fortschritt in der Forschung darzustellen. Stathakopoulos (S.) geht es darum, die Bedeutung von Versorgungskrisen und epidemischen Krankheiten im spätantik-frühbyzantinischen Reich während eines Zeitraumes von 284 bis 750 herauszuarbeiten. Sein Buch soll dabei einen gesunden Mittelweg zwischen allzu großer Vernachlässigung dieser Faktoren und unkritischer Sensationshistorie beschreiten – der Verf. lehnt in diesem Fall insbesondere die übertriebenen und nur wenig fundierten Thesen von D. Keys mit Recht ab (2). Es handele sich, so S. über seine Arbeit, um die erste Behandlung der Spätantike unter dem Blickwinkel von Hungerkrisen und Epidemien; seine Untersuchung basiere „on an exhaustive catalogue recording all such phenomena from 284 to 750. It is meant to offer a complementary view of this period beyond the turmoil of political and military history, and comments on themes such as continuity and change of social and economic structures and mentalities“ (2). Damit versucht S. zentrale Fragen anzugehen und in aktuellen Diskussionen Stellung zu beziehen. Der Autor hat neben den literarischen Quellen auch das epigraphische und papyrologische Material herangezogen (vgl. 10f.) und weist mehrfach darauf hin, wichtige Anregungen aus der Annales-Schule erhalten zu haben (etwa 4, 12). Ebenso selbstbewußt wird das Ziel der Untersuchung dargelegt: „We can, however, expect that certain patterns concerning the causes, effects and reaction within the phenomenon, or combinations of the above that are common in many cases will emerge – in short, that a typology of crises will be revealed“ (13f.).
Panayotis L. Vocotopoulos, Byzantine illuminated manuscripts of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Authors: Tsamakda Vasiliki
Published: February 2008

Der großformatige, luxuriöse Band ist die englische Fassung des im gleichen Jahr erschienen griechischen Werkes mit dem Titel: Mιϰϱογϱαφίες των Βνςαντινών Χειϱογϱάφων τον Πατϱιαϱχείον Ιεϱοσολύμων. Der Autor stellt in diesem Buch 23 illuminierte Handschriften des griechisch-orthodoxen Patriarchats in Jerusalem vor, die vom 11. bis zum 15. Jh. datieren.
Manolis CHATZIDAKIS/Ioanna BITHA, Corpus of the Byzantine wall-paintings of Greece. The Island of Kythera
Authors: Tsamakda Vasiliki
Published: February 2008

Der Band ist der erste eines Corpus, das von der Akademie von Athen geplant und herausgegeben wird. Das Ziel ist, alle byzantinischen Fresken Griechenlands in mehreren Bänden zu publizieren. Im vorliegenden Band werden die Fresken der Insel Kythera vorgestellt. Die griechische Version dieses Bandes erschien bereits 1997 unter dem Titel: Ευϱετήϱιο Βυζαντινών Τοιχογϱαφιών Κυθήϱων.
Sensory Augmented Computing and its Potential for Human–Computer Interaction (Sensorunterstützte Computersysteme und deren Potenzial für die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion)
Authors: Schiele Bernt
Published: February 2008

The vision of ambient intelligence is to embed computing and communication capabilities into nearly everything, namely the environment, objects, or even clothing. Even though there have been great advances in mobile computing and communication in general many important research issues remain. A particularly challenging research topic is the question of how to interact unobtrusively and in a seamless way with users in a mobile setting. In order to realize the vision of ambient intelligence context awareness is often seen as a means to make the computing tasks sensitive to the situation and the user's needs. Ultimately, context awareness may support and enable seamless interaction and communication between human users and pervasive computing environments. This paper gives a taxonomy and an overview of research in sensing for ambient intelligence. It also discusses open and fundamental challenges which need to be addressed.
Study of the reaction mechanism between electroless Ni–P and Sn and its effect on the crystallization of Ni–P
Authors: Sohn Y. C. , Yu Jin , Kang S. K. , Choi W. K. , Shih D. Y.
Published: February 2008

The reaction mechanism between electroless Ni–P and Sn was investigated to understand the effects of Sn on solder reaction-assisted crystallization at low temperatures as well as self-crystallization of Ni–P at high temperatures. Ni3Sn4 starts to form in a solid-state reaction well before Sn melts. Heat of reaction for Ni3Sn4 was measured during the Ni–P and Sn reaction (241.2 J/g). It was found that the solder reaction not only promotes crystallization at low temperatures by forming Ni3P in the P-rich layer but also facilitates self-crystallization of Ni–P by reducing the transformation temperature and heat of crystallization. The presence of Sn reduces the self-crystallization temperature of Ni–P by about 10 °C. The heat of crystallization also decreases with an increased Sn thickness.
Optical properties and electrical characterization of p-type ZnO thin films prepared by thermally oxiding Zn3N2 thin films
Authors: Li B. S. , Liu Y. C. , Zhi Z. Z. , Shen D. Z. , Lu Y. M. , Zhang J. Y. , Fan X. W. , Mu R. X. , Henderson Don O.
Published: February 2008

In this paper, we report a simple method for preparing p-type ZnO thin films by thermal oxidization of Zn3N2 thin films. The Zn3N2 films were grown on fused silica substrates by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from a Zn(C2H5)2 and NH3 gas mixture. The Zn3N2 film with a cubic antibixbyite structure transformed to ZnO:N with a hexagonal structure as the annealing temperature reached 500 °C. When the annealing temperature reached 700 °C, a high-quality p-type ZnO film with a carrier density of 4.16 × 1017 cm−3 was obtained, for which the film showed a strong near-band-edge emission at 3.30 eV without deep-level emission, and the full width at half-maximum of the photoluminescence spectrum was 120 meV at room temperature. The origin of the ultraviolet band was the overlap of free exciton and the bound exciton. The N concentration was as high as 1021 cm−3, which could be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the annealing processes.
Synthesis behavior and grain morphology in mullite ceramics with precursor pH and sintering temperature
Authors: Kim Jae-Won , Lee Jae-Ean , Jung Yeon-Gil , Jo Chang-Yong , Lee Jae-Ho , Paik Ungyu
Published: February 2008

The effects of the precursor pH and sintering temperature on the synthesizing behavior and morphology of mullite were studied using a stoichiometric mullite (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) precursor sol. The mullite precursor sol was prepared by the dissolution of aluminum nitrate enneahydrate [Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O] into the mixture of silica sol. The precursor pH of the sols was controlled to the acidic (pH ≈ 1.5 to 2), intermediate (pH ≈ 4.5 to 5) and basic (pH ≈ 8.5 to 9) conditions. The gels dried from the synthesized aluminosilicate sols were formed into a disk shape under 20 MPa pressure; then the green bodies were sintered for 3 h in the temperature range of 1100–1600 °C. The synthesizing temperature of mullite phase was found to be above 1200 °C for pH ≈ 1.5 to 2, and above 1300 °C for pH ≈ 4.5 to 5 and pH ≈ 8.5 to 9. The grain morphology of the synthesized mullite was changed to a rod shape for pH ≈ 1.5 to 2, and granulate shape for pH ≈ 4.5 to 5 and pH ≈ 8.5 to 9 with increasing sintering temperature. It was found that the morphology of mullite particle was predominantly governed by precursor pH and sintering temperature. However, at higher pH, the precursor pH and sintering temperature did not affect the synthesis behavior and grain morphology.
Effect of dopant (Nb) concentration on the grain boundary electrical properties of Nb-doped barium titanate
Authors: Yoon Seok-Hyun , Kim Hwan
Published: February 2008

A series of coarse-grained BaTiO3 specimens with different dopant (Nb) concentrations were prepared by adjusting the oxygen partial pressure during sintering. They were again heat-treated in air, and the behavior of the grain boundary electrical properties with the increase of Nb concentration was investigated under the conditions of the same microstructure and heat treatment. The interface states of the grain boundaries were estimated using the grain boundary R (resistance) and C (capacitance) values at each temperature that were obtained from impedance analysis. An increase in the interface state density at certain energy levels with increasing Nb concentration was verified experimentally. One type of interface state was observed for specimens with low Nb concentrations and another for specimens with high Nb concentrations. It is proposed that the changes in the interface state with increasing Nb concentration are related to the transition of the compensating defect mode and differences in the extent of oxygen adsorption at the grain boundaries.
Reaction and phase separation mechanisms during synthesis of alloys by thermite type combustion reactions
Authors: Lau Cheryl , Mukasyan Alexander S. , Varma Arvind
Published: February 2008

Combustion of the thermite system is a promising approach for synthesis of alloys (e.g., Co-based) that are widely used in orthopedic applications. This process typically involves formation of two liquids (oxide and metal alloy), followed by their phase separation. The latter is generally believed to be controlled solely by gravity-driven buoyancy. To verify this hypothesis, a fundamental study of phase separation during alloy synthesis was conducted in both normal gravity and microgravity conditions. It was shown that a non-gravity-driven mechanism primarily controls the segregation process. Quenching experiments identified the reaction and phase separation mechanisms in the investigated systems.
Characterizing high-pressure compressed C60 whiskers and C60 powder
Authors: Miyazawa Kun'ichi , Akaishi Minoru , Kuwasaki Yusuke , Suga Tadatomo
Published: February 2008

Structural, mechanical, and electrical properties were examined for C60 whiskers, high-pressure sintered C60 whiskers, and C60 powder. A high density of dislocations was observed in the C60 whiskers, and the C60 whiskers with diameters of a few hundred nanometers were found to be flexible. Although both the specimens sintered under the same condition showed similar surface x-ray diffraction profiles with a strong accumulation of [110]tr orientation, the sintered C60 whiskers showed a higher micro-Vickers hardness and an electrical resistivity four orders of magnitude lower than that of the sintered C60 powder.
Determination of friction factor for corrugated drains
Authors: Giustolisi O. , Doglioni A. , Laucelli D.
Published: February 2008

This paper describes two approaches for evaluating the resistance factor of corrugated drains. The first employs a monomial formula and is based on dimensional analysis while the second uses a physically based formula that incorporates the relationships among hydraulic parameters measured for a set of corrugated pipes. The latter depends on an evolutionary modelling technique that renders a superior description of the hydraulics of the tested corrugated pipes, outperforming the classical monomial formula for rough pipes. The formulae derived herein accurately reproduce experimental data and highlight the influence of dimensionless factors on roughness values. Three differently sized corrugated plastic pipes with slopes ranging between 3·5% and 17·5% were considered. The tests were directed at measuring open channel flow hydraulic parameters in order to ascertain the role of friction factors when wake interference occurs. This hydro dynamic phenomenon, observed in the tested pipes, is situated in the rough fully turbulent flow region of the Moody diagram. From a technical standpoint, wake interference is interesting because the abnormal turbulence experienced along the channel's wall-rough ness elements generates additional energy dissipation, entailing potentially significant implications for sewer networks installed on steep slopes.
Bodily Knowledge: Epistemological Reflections on Dance
Authors: Parviainen Jaana
Published: February 2008

This article is concerned with epistemological questions of dance, specifically, the nature of dance knowledge. The aim is to address the role of our bodily activity and the tactile-kinaesthetic sense in epistemology and to clarify the concept “bodily knowledge”—knowing in and through the body. I start with reflection on the standpoints of traditional epistemology and a feminist critique of it, then, extending the concern with epistemological inquiry of dance knowledge, explore Sondra Fraleigh's and Maxine Sheets-Johnstone's notions of cognitive capacities of the moving body. Finally, setting out from the groundwork of Edmund Husserl's, Edith Stein's, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body, I use some key concepts from Michael Polanyi's epistemology to describe the nature of bodily knowledge. The argument is that there is a distinction and a connection between “skill” and “knowledge” in respect to the body's movement. Gilbert Ryle's “know how” implies abilities ranging from bodily skills to abstract contemplative cases, but it cannot explain “know how” in the absence of skill. Thus, the rationale underlying this discussion can be put more clearly by asking why dance teachers are able to teach dance students movements they can no longer execute themselves.
Somatic Practices and Dance: Global Influences
Authors: Eddy Martha
Published: February 2008

My main focus is to reveal the existence of global influences on the development and teaching of somatic principles and disciplines and to discuss why these influences are not in the forefront of somatic inquiry. I hypothesize that the search for “the universal” or “the humanistic” or “the biological” as a throughline of body-mind investigation has encouraged a monocultural approach to somatic pedagogy and the promotion of the field. Second, it is of interest that it has been through the work of those founders of somatic disciplines who are women that it has become possible to retrace more easily some of these global influences on twenty-first-century somatic studies. I also posit that through the lives and experiences of women leaders a more emotional voice enters the holistic paradigm. This paper aims to raise questions, not to be exhaustive in its pursuit of data regarding all the intercultural complications of somatic practices, including questions emerging from gender politics. It is a continuation of the inquiry, begun during the panel “Paradigms and Approaches: The Future of Somatics in Dance” at the Dancing in the Millennium conference in July 2000 (jointly sponsored by CORD, SDHS, DCA, NDEO. LIMS, NDA. among others) regarding the dissolution of any potentially monolithic views of the history and etiology of “somatics,” as well as somatic movement applications in dance (Green 2000; Fortin 2000), with a specific eye to examining how cultural and religious movement practices from diverse cultures have provided philosophical underpinnings and influential theories and practices to the field.
Archaeologies and Agendas: Reflections on Late Ancient Jewish Art and Early Christian Art
Authors: Elsner Jaś
Published: February 2008

There are (at least) two ways to approach the history of religious art in Antiquity. One is to study what was going on in the ancient world, to tell the story asthey(the subjects of our inquiry) saw it and astheydid it. Another is to ask howweknow howtheysaw it and did it. The first might be called ‘history’, the second ‘critical historiography’. Both are crucial to the historical enterprise, and I in no way intend to demean the first by saying that this paper is largely of the second kind. My project is to examine what are the grounds for our assumptions in creating the generalizations of ‘Late Ancient Jewish Art’ and ‘Early Christian Art’ as real categories of visual production in Late Antiquity with specific and discrete audiences and constituencies of patrons and producers. Both fields are venerable, with long historiographies and complex guiding-agendas of the sort that are perhaps inevitable given the kinds of ancestral investments made by scholars and indeed members of the general public (which is to say, also adherents of the two faiths) in both fields. In addition to prising apart the history of some of these investments, I want to question the methodological basis for many of the assumptions about what can rightly be classified under either the heading of ‘Jewish’ art or of ‘early Christian’ art.
Roman Inscriptions 1995–2000
Authors: Gordon Richard , Reynolds Joyce
Published: February 2008

The intention of this survey, as of its predecessors, is to assess the contribution to Roman studies of recent progress in epigraphy. Its aim is to draw attention to the more important newly-published inscriptions, to known or familiar texts whose significance has been reinterpreted, to the progress of publishing projects, and to a selection of recent work based upon epigraphic sources. It is mainly, but not exclusively, concerned with the implications of new work for Roman history and for that reason does not consider a number of otherwise interesting Hellenistic texts. It hardly needs to be said that there has been no publication remotely as significant as theSC de Cn. Pisone patre, which was reported in the previous survey, and to which we devote some further space here. But there are plenty of new or revised texts of sufficient interest: an honorific decree from Pergamon for a member of the city élite who clearly played a key part in the negotiations with the Romans at the time of the war with Aristonicus; the uncle of Cicero initiated into the Samothracian mysteries in 100B.C.; Octavian honoured at Klaros on account of his ‘quasi-divine exploits’; theTessera Paemeiobrigensisoraes Bergidense, which appears to be an edict by Augustus of 15 B.C. alluding to a hitherto unknown Spanish province of this period — ‘Transduria(na)’; a startling re-interpretation of the significance of the ‘Tiberiéum’ inscription set up by Pontius Pilate at Caesarea Maritima; the splendid replacement for Henzen'sActa Arvalium; the foundation inscription of Sarmizegetusa; one of the very earliest references to waterwheels, calledhydromēchanai(a word unknown to LSJ), in a long-known second-century A.D. text from Macedonia, where they were evidently employed on a large scale to produce income for the city; the transport by ‘barbarians’ of a Roman votive inscription, besides more obviously valuable booty, more than 200 km from the Roman frontier into what is now the Ukraine; and a re-reading suggesting that the well-known ‘milestone’ from Phoenicia honouring Julian astemplorum restauratorwas indeed, as Bowersock argued, erected immediately before the Persian expedition.
Καὶ σαφῶς τύραννος ἦν: Xenophon's Account of Euphron of Sicyon
Authors: Lewis Sian
Published: February 2008

Xenophon's account of Euphron, tyrant at Sicyon from 368 to 366, appears to present him as a typical fourth-century ‘new tyrant’, dependent on mercenaries and concerned solely with his own power. But why did Xenophon choose to recount Euphron's actions and fate at such length, and why does he insist so strongly that he was a tyrant? Xenophon's interest in Euphron is part of his general approach to tyranny in theHellenica, which depicts a series of individuals and regimes, all described as tyrannies. The model of tyranny with which Xenophon operates is broader and more inclusive than we would expect, contrasting with the narrow, constitutional idea of tyranny defined by Aristotle. Understanding this has two consequences. It allows us to appreciate Euphron in a new light, giving credit to the positive tradition about his support for the Sicyonian democracy and his posthumous heroization; we can see the debate which existed in his own time about his role and position. It also raises the question of why Xenophon recognized tyranny in so many places, and was so keen to emphasize his construction of these regimes. We need to situate him within the evolution of ideas about tyranny, since the concept of tyranny is largely constructed by historians: Herodotus ‘created’ tyranny in the aftermath of the Persian Wars, while Thucydides developed the concept from the individual to the general, as this better fitted his Athenocentric model. Xenophon, in contrast, was reflecting contemporary debates over the interpretation of different types of ruler and regime, and developing his own theory of tyranny. Therefore to see a ‘new tyranny’ movement in the fourth century is misplaced: an examination of Euphron reveals the complexities of self-presentation in fourth-century Greek politics.
Apology30b 2-4: Socrates, money, and the grammar of γίγνεσθαι
Authors: Burnyeat M.F.
Published: February 2008

The framework of this paper is a defence of Burnet's construal ofApology30b 2-4. Socrates does not claim, as he is standardly translated, that virtue makes you rich, but that virtue makes money and everything else good for you. This view of the relation between virtue and wealth is paralleled in dialogues of every period, and a sophisticated development of it appears in Aristotle. My philological defence of the philosophically preferable translation extends recent scholarly work on εἶναι in Plato and Aristotle to γίγνεσθαι, which is the main verb in the disputed sentence. When attached to a subject, both verbs make a complete statement on their own, but a statement that is further completableby adding a complement. The important point is that the addition of a complement does not change the meaning of the verb from existence to the copula. Proving this is a lengthy task which takes me into some of the deeper reaches of Platonic and Aristotelian ontology, and into discussion of whether Greek ever acquired a verb that corresponds to modern verbs of existence. I conclude that even when later authors such as Philo Judaeus, Sextus Empiricus and Plotinus debate what we naturally translate as issues of existence, none of the verbs they use (εἶναι, ὑπάρχειν, ὑφεστηκέναι) can be said to have existential meaning.