bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of a candidate feed additive derived from the essential oils of Pinus merkusii (jungh. & de vriese) and Melaleuca leucadendra (l.) on the kinetics of gas production and methane emitted during in-vitro ruminal fermentation
Authors: Kurniawati Asih , Muhsin Al Anas Muhlisin
Published: August 2021

The study was designed to determine the effect of a candidate natural feed additive on the kinetics of gas production as a representation of feed degradability and methane produced during rumen fermentation. Three blends of essential oil (BEO) as candidates for feed additives were formulated using pine and eucalyptus essential oils in the following ratios: 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 for BEO1, BEO2, and BEO3, respectively. Every BEO was added to the batch fermentation system at dosages of 0, 100, and 200 l/l in the medium. Furthermore, an in vitro gas production technique was used to simulate rumen feed fermentation. According to the gas production kinetics, all BEO additives did not affect the total potential gas produced, as well as the potential gas produced from the soluble and insoluble substrate. The rates of gas production were similar among treatments. Furthermore, the addition of BEO did not affect the total volume of gas produced during fermentation. Meanwhile, BEO1 at 200 l/l dose and BEO 3 at 100 l/l dose significantly reduced methane production (P0.05). In conclusion, the BEO1 and BEO 3 at dosages of 200 and 100 l/l, respectively, had the potential as a feed additive to reduce methane production without a negative effect on nutrient digestibility.
Identification of Lactobacillus spp. on Basis Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Characteristic from Jawa Super Chicken Excreta
Authors: Dwi Ludfiani Dini , Asmara Widya , Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni Agnesia , Astuti Pudji
Published: August 2021

The use of antibiotic growth promoter as a feed additive for animals in Indonesia has been prohibited and regulated in law, starting from January 1, 2018. Alternative replacement for antibiotic was investigatedand introduced to farms such as probiotic. The commonly used probiotic was from the genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus. The aim of this study was to identify the Lactobacillus strains isolates from Jawa Super chicken excreta. Identification was based on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The sample was collected from Jawa Super chicken in Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Each sample was diluted in 0.9% sterile saline and plated on MRS agar containing bromocresol purple. All plates were incubated at 37°C under anaerobic condition. Isolates were identified morphology, physiology, and biochemistry based on fermentation of carbohydrate by using Analytical Profile Index (API 50 CHL). This study showed that isolates belong to 2 categories of fermentation, facultatively heterofermentative and obligately heterofermentative. Not all isolates can grow at 10°C, but survive to low pH. Based on biochemical analysis isolates identify as L. brevis and L. pentosus. L. brevis and L. pentosus were strains of the Lactobacillus found in the excreta.
The mice’s hematological effect of given the Staphylococcus aureus and Persea americana
Authors: Santosa Christin M. , Megarani Dorothea V. , Arifianto Dinar , Salasia Siti I.O.
Published: August 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is often the cause of various diseases and food poisoning in animals and humans. Avocado seeds (Persea americana, Mill) contain important compounds that have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to observe the hematological dynamics of mice (Mus musculus domesticus) infected with S. aureus and induced by P. americana extract. BALB/c male mice aged 12 weeks were divided into 6 groups of 5 in each group, named K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-5, and K-6. All groups were infected with S. aureus 1x108 CFU cell/mL intraperitoneally (IP) on day 0. After the blood sample was taken, then K-1 was given a single dose of tetracyclin 130 mg/kg BW, K-2 was given 130 mg/kb BW oferythromycin, K-3 was given aquabidest (placebo), K-4 was given P. americana extract 300 mg/kg BW, K-5 at a dose 600 mg/kg BW and K-6 at a dose 1200 mg/kg BW. The treatment was given for 7 consecutive days, then a second blood sample was taken and analyzed with the VetScan-HM5 analyzer and interpreted. It was concluded that S. aureus infection caused leukopenia and was potentially followed by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and monocytosis. The occurrence of microcytosis can lead to anemia, which can be categorized as microcytic hypochromic or normocytic normochromic. Administration of P. americana extract at a dose 300 mg/kg BW (K-4) for 7 days after S. aureus infection was found to be effective in improving hematological values in mice back to normal.
African Swine Fever (ASF): Threat of Excintion to Nias Local Pig Farm
Authors: Anugrah Lase Jonathan , Ardiarini Novita , Lestari Dian , Armnasyah Mendrofa Verika , Tesalonika Tombuku Anggella
Published: August 2021

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a disease that infects pigs. Common symptoms caused by ASF attacks on pigs are bleeding in the feces and ears as well as sudden weakness of livestock, unable to stand, and death of livestock. ASF virus is not zoonotic so it does not affect human health. This virus has entered Indonesian territory, including the Nias Island, where most of the people cultivate local pigs. The ASF outbreak on local pigs in Nias resulted in the death of many pigs. This paper discusses the spread and death of local pigs due to ASF attacks in Nias. Data compiled from the field and the Animal Husbandry Office in 2020 in the Nias islands, it is known that the pigs that died due to the ASF outbreak reached 120,592 a pigs. Meanwhile, the fact found are that the handling of infected pigs cannot be done optimally, because until now, effective treatment and vaccination for the treatment and prevention of ASF infection has not been found. Therefore, in order to prevent the spread of the plague from becoming more widespread, the current methods that can be applied are the application of biosecurity in the cattle sheds, isolation of infected livestock and the role of the government in regulating the entry and exit route for pigs in the Nias region.
The Pattern of Vector Control in Malaria Endemic Areas of Central Java Province
Authors: Wigati R.A. , Setyo Nugroho Sidiq , Septia Irawan Anggi , Triwibowo AG
Published: August 2021

Malaria remains a public health problem in Indonesia, therefore, a study was conducted to guarantee a reduction in malaria cases and to support an elimination program. This study aims to determine the patternof vector control in malaria-endemic areas of Central Java Province from August to December 2016, through searching of reports and articles on malaria vector control. Malaria eradication efforts that were carried out included curative treatment and preventive action, by controlling the vector. Meanwhile, malaria vector control in Central Java Province from 2011 to 2015, includes insecticide-treated mosquito nets, larvae fish spreading, repellent use, indoor residual spraying, and larviciding. However, several obstacles to malaria vector control include, increase in the number of breeding sites, population movements from malaria endemic areas, presence of imported cases, geographic condition, attitude and behavior of people, policy differences in governance, and insufficient control budgets. Malaria is always present in Central Java Province, due to differences in vector control programme, mode of control, time, and budget. Therefore, malaria vector control policies depend on legislation, local regulation, cross-sectoral budget, support, and contribution.
A quantitative analysis of the level of congestion that occurred on the tsunami evacuation route during the tsunami disaster
Authors: Yosritzal  , Setyaji Arif , Mustafa Kemal Badrul
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the level of congestion that might occur on the tsunami evacuation route during the tsunami disaster. This evacuation route was defined using ArcGIS software based on the estimated evacuation distance. The area was extracted in several grids. The selected distance was the shortest one between each center point of the grid to the TES location point. The walking speed during the evacuation was estimated equal to the average walking speed of adults, children, and the oldster. This study found that congestion might occur in several points of the evacuation routes, and the level of service of the route would vary from A to D.
Prototype of the Russian Scientific Data Lake
Authors: Alekseev Aleksandr , Espinal Xavier , Jezequel Stephane , Kiryanov Andrey , Klimentov Alexei , Korchuganova Tatiana , Mitsyn Valeri , Oleynik Danila , Smirnov Alexander , Smirnov Sergei , Zarochentsev Andrey
Published: August 2021

The High Luminosity phase of the LHC, which aims for a tenfold increase in the luminosity of proton-proton collisions is expected to start operation in eight years. An unprecedented scientific data volume at the multiexabyte scale will be delivered to particle physics experiments at CERN. This amount of data has to be stored and the corresponding technology must ensure fast and reliable data delivery for processing by the scientific community all over the world. The present LHC computing model will not be able to provide the required infrastructure growth even taking into account the expected hardware evolution. To address this challenge the Data Lake R&D project has been launched by the DOMA community in the fall of 2019. State-of-the-art data handling technologies are under active development, and their current status for the Russian Scientific Data Lake prototype is presented here.
CernVM-FS powered container hub
Authors: Bocchi Enrico , Blomer Jakob , Mosciatti Simone , Valenzuela Andrea
Published: August 2021

Containers became the de-facto standard to package and distribute modern applications and their dependencies. The HEP community demonstrates an increasing interest in such technology, with scientists encapsulating their analysis workflow and code inside a container image. The analysis is first validated on a small dataset and minimal hardware resources to then run at scale on the massive computing capacity provided by the grid. The typical approach for distributing containers consists of pulling their image from a remote registry and extracting it on the node where the container runtime (e.g., Docker, Singularity) runs. This approach, however, does not easily scale to large images and thousands of nodes. CVMFS has long been used for the efficient distribution of software directory trees at a global scale. In order to extend its optimized caching and network utilization to the distribution of containers, CVMFS recently implemented a dedicated container image ingestion service together with container runtime integrations. CVMFS ingestion is based on per-file deduplication, instead of the per-layer deduplication adopted by traditional container registries. On the client-side, CVMFS implements on-demand fetching of the chunks required for the execution of the container instead of the whole image.
Exploitation of HPC Resources for data intensive sciences
Authors: Girone Maria , Southwick David , Khristenko Viktor , Medeiros Miguel F. , Giordano Domenico , Brevik Høgstøyl Ingvild , Atzori Luca
Published: August 2021

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will enter a new phase beginning in 2027 with the upgrade to the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The increase in the number of simultaneous collisions coupled with a more complex structure of a single event will result in each LHC experiment collecting, storing, and processing exabytes of data per year. The amount of generated and/or collected data greatly outweighs the expected available computing resources. In this paper, we discuss effcient usage of HPC resources as a prerequisite for data-intensive science at exascale. First, we discuss the experience of porting CMS Hadron and Electromagnetic calorimeters reconstruction code to utilize Nvidia GPUs within the DEEP-EST project; second, we look at the tools and their adoption in order to perform benchmarking of a variety of resources available at HPC centers. Finally, we touch on one of the most important aspects of the future of HEP - how to handle the flow of petabytes of data to and from computing facilities, be it clouds or HPCs, for exascale data processing in a flexible, scalable and performant manner. These investigations are a key contribution to technical work within the HPC collaboration among CERN, SKA, GEANT and PRACE.
Evolution of the HEPS Jupyter-based remote data analysis System
Authors: Liu Zhibin , Huang Qiulan , Tian Haolai , Hu Yu , Shi Jingyan , Du Ran , Hu Hao , Wang Lu , Qi Fazhi
Published: August 2021

High Energy Photon Source(HEPS) Experiment is expected to produce large amount of data and have diverse computing requirements for data analysis. Generally, scientists need to spend several days to setup their experimental environment, which greatly reduce the scientists’ work efficiency. In response to the above problems, we introduce a remote data analysis system for HEPS. The system provides users a web-based interactive interface based Jupyter, which makes scientists are able to process data analysis anytime and anywhere. Particularly, we discuss the system architecture as well as the key points of this system. A solution of managing and scheduling heterogeneous computing resources (CPU and GPU) is proposed, which adopts Kubernetes to achieve centralized heterogeneous resources management and resource expansion on demand. An improved Kubernetes resource scheduler is discussed, which dispatches upper applications to nodes combining with the computing cluster status. The system can transparently and quickly deploy the data analysis environment for users in seconds and reach the maximum resource utilization. We also introduce an automated deployment solution to improve the work efficiency of developers and help deploy multidisciplinary applications faster and automatically. A unified certification is illustrated to make sure the security of remote data access and data analysis. Finally, we will show the running status of the system.
A hybrid system for monitoring and automated recovery at the Glasgow Tier-2 cluster
Authors: Simili Emanuele , Stewart Gordon , Roy Gareth , Skipsey Samuel , Britton David
Published: August 2021

We have deployed a central monitoring and logging system based on Prometheus, Loki and Grafana that collects, aggregates and displays metrics and logs from the Tier-2 ScotGrid cluster at Glasgow. Bespoke dashboards built on Prometheus metrics give a quick overview of cluster performance and make it easy to identify issues. Logs from all nodes and services are collected to a central Loki server and retained over time. This integrated system provides a full overview of the cluster’s health and has become an essential tool for daily maintenance and in the investigation of any issue.

The system includes an automated alerting application that parses metrics and logs and can send notifications when specified conditions are met, and as a further step toward automation, can also perform simple recovery actions based on well known issues and their encoded solutions. The general purpose is to create a more resilient Tier-2 cluster where human intervention is kept to a minimum. Given the funding constraints experienced by many academic research institutions, this promises to free staff from routine tasks, allowing them to address their expertise to more interesting problems.

In this paper, we describe the tools and set-up of the existing monitoring system, the automated recovery methods implemented so far, and the plan for further automation.
Towards Real-World Applications of ServiceX, an Analysis Data Transformation System
Authors: Choi K. , Eckart A. , Galewsky B. , Gardner R. , Neubauer M. , Onyisi P. , Proffitt M. , Vukotic I. , Watts G.
Published: August 2021

One of the biggest challenges in the High-Luminosity LHC (HLLHC) era will be the significantly increased data size to be recorded and analyzed from the collisions at the ATLAS and CMS experiments. ServiceX is a software R&D project in the area of Data Organization, Management and Access of the IRIS-HEP to investigate new computational models for the HLLHC era. ServiceX is an experiment-agnostic service to enable on-demand data delivery specifically tailored for nearly-interactive vectorized analyses. It is capable of retrieving data from grid sites, on-the-fly data transformation, and delivering user-selected data in a variety of different formats. New features will be presented that make the service ready for public use. An ongoing effort to integrate ServiceX with a popular statistical analysis framework in ATLAS will be described with an emphasis of a practical implementation of ServiceX into the physics analysis pipeline.
AwkwardForth: accelerating Uproot with an internal DSL
Authors: Pivarski Jim , Osborne Ianna , Das Pratyush , Lange David , Elmer Peter
Published: August 2021

File formats for generic data structures, such as ROOT, Avro, and Parquet, pose a problem for deserialization: it must be fast, but its code depends on the type of the data structure, not known at compile-time. Just-in-time compilation can satisfy both constraints, but we propose a more portable solution: specialized virtual machines. AwkwardForth is a Forth-driven virtual machine for deserializing data into Awkward Arrays. As a language, it is not intended for humans to write, but it loosens the coupling between Uproot and Awkward Array. AwkwardForth programs for deserializing record-oriented formats (ROOT and Avro) are about as fast as C++ ROOT and 10–80× faster than fastavro. Columnar formats (simple TTrees, RNTuple, and Parquet) only require specialization to interpret metadata and are therefore faster with precompiled code.
A C++ Cherenkov photons simulation in CORSIKA 8
Authors: Carrère Matthieu , Arrabito Luisa , Bregeon Johan , Parello David , Langlois Philippe , Vasileiadis Georges
Published: August 2021

CORSIKA is a standard software for simulations of air showers induced by cosmic rays. It has been developed mainly in Fortran 77 continuously over the last thirty years. It has become very difficult to add new physics features to CORSIKA 7. CORSIKA 8 aims to be the future of the CORSIKA project. It is a framework in C++17 which uses modern concepts in object oriented programming for an efficient modularity and flexibility. The CORSIKA 8 project aims to attain high performance by exploiting techniques such as vectorization, gpu/cpu parallelization, extended use of static polymorphism and the most precise physical models available. In this paper, we focus on the Cherenkov photon propagation module of CORSIKA, which is of particular interest for gamma-ray experiments, like the Cherenkov Telescope Array. First, we present the optimizations that we have applied to the Cherenkov module thanks to the results of detailed profiling using performance counters. Then, we report our preliminary work to develop the Cherenkov Module in the CORSIKA 8 framework. Finally, we will demonstrate the first performance comparison with the current CORSIKA software as well as physics validation.
Quantum Gate Pattern Recognition and Circuit Optimization for Scientific Applications
Authors: Jang Wonho , Terashi Koji , Saito Masahiko , Bauer Christian W. , Nachman Benjamin , Iiyama Yutaro , Kishimoto Tomoe , Okubo Ryunosuke , Sawada Ryu , Tanaka Junichi
Published: August 2021

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of quantum devices produced over a next decade. We introduce two separate ideas for circuit optimization and combine them in a multi-tiered quantum circuit optimization protocol called AQCEL. The first ingredient is a technique to recognize repeated patterns of quantum gates, opening up the possibility of future hardware optimization. The second ingredient is an approach to reduce circuit complexity by identifying zero- or low-amplitude computational basis states and redundant gates. As a demonstration, AQCEL is deployed on an iterative and effcient quantum algorithm designed to model final state radiation in high energy physics. For this algorithm, our optimization scheme brings a significant reduction in the gate count without losing any accuracy compared to the original circuit. Additionally, we have investigated whether this can be demonstrated on a quantum computer using polynomial resources. Our technique is generic and can be useful for a wide variety of quantum algorithms.
Optimization of Geant4 for the Belle II software library
Authors: Banerjee Swagato , Wright Dennis H. , Asai Makoto , Kim Doris Y.
Published: August 2021

During the next decade, the SuperKEKB/Belle II experiment expects to collect almost two orders of magnitude more collision data than the previous generation B-Factory experiments. Study of this data requires monumental computing resources to process and to generate the required simulation events necessary for physics analysis. At the core of the Belle II simulation library is the Geant4 toolkit. To use the available computing resources more efficiently, the physics list for Geant4 has been optimized for the Belle II environment, and various other strategies were applied to improve the performance of the Geant4 toolkit in the Belle II software library. Following the inclusion of this newly optimized physics list in an updated version of Geant4 toolkit, we obtain much better CPU usage during event simulation and reduce the computing resource usage by ~ 44%.
Simultaneous Global and Local Alignment of the Belle II Tracking Detectors
Authors: Bilka Tadeas , Kandra Jakub , Kleinwort Claus , Zlebcik Radek
Published: August 2021

The alignment of the Belle II tracking system, composed of a pixel and strip vertex detectors and central drift chamber, is described by approximately sixty thousand parameters; from local alignment of sensors and wires to relative global alignment of the sub-detectors.

In the next data reprocessing, scheduled since Spring 2021, we aim to determine all parameters in a simultaneous fit by Millepede II, where recent developments allow to achieve a direct solution of the full problem in about one hour and make it practically feasible for regular detector alignment.

The tracking detectors and the alignment technique are described and the alignment strategy is discussed in the context of studies on simulations and experience obtained from recorded data. Preliminary results and further refinements based on studies of real Belle II data are presented.
Recent advances in ADL, CutLang and adl2tnm
Authors: Prosper Harrison B. , Sekmen Sezen , Unel Gokhan , Paul Arpon
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an overview and features of an Analysis Description Language (ADL) designed for HEP data analysis. ADL is a domainspecific, declarative language that describes the physics content of an analysis in a standard and unambiguous way, independent of any computing frameworks. It also describes infrastructures that render ADL executable, namely CutLang, a direct runtime interpreter (originally also a language), and adl2tnm, a transpiler converting ADL into C++ code. In ADL, analyses are described in humanreadable plain text files, clearly separating object, variable and event selection definitions in blocks, with a syntax that includes mathematical and logical operations, comparison and optimisation operators, reducers, four-vector algebra and commonly used functions. Recent studies demonstrate that adapting the ADL approach has numerous benefits for the experimental and phenomenological HEP communities. These include facilitating the abstraction, design, optimization, visualization, validation, combination, reproduction, interpretation and overall communication of the analysis contents and long term preservation of the analyses beyond the lifetimes of experiments. Here we also discuss some of the current ADL applications in physics studies and future prospects based on static analysis and differentiable programming.
Deep Learning approach to LHCb Calorimeter reconstruction using a Cellular Automaton
Authors: Valls Canudas Núria , Vilasis Cardona Xavier , Calvo Gómez Míriam , Golobardes Ribé Elisabet
Published: August 2021

The optimization of reconstruction algorithms has become a key aspect in LHCb as it is currently undergoing a major upgrade that will considerably increase the data processing rate. Aiming to accelerate the second most time consuming reconstruction process of the trigger, we propose an alternative reconstruction algorithm for the Electromagnetic Calorimeter of LHCb. Together with the use of deep learning techniques and the understanding of the current algorithm, our proposal decomposes the reconstruction process into small parts that benefit the generalized learning of small neural network architectures and simplifies the training dataset. This approach takes as input the full simulation data of the calorimeter and outputs a list of reconstructed clusters in a nearly constant time without any dependency in the event complexity.
Integration and Commissioning of the Software-based Readout System for ATLAS Level-1 Endcap Muon Trigger in Run 3
Authors: Sugizaki Kaito
Published: August 2021

The Large Hadron Collider and the ATLAS experiment at CERN will explore new frontiers in physics in Run 3 starting in 2022. In the Run 3 ATLAS Level-1 endcap muon trigger, new detectors called New Small Wheel and additional Resistive Plate Chambers will be installed to improve momentum resolution and to enhance the rejection of fake muons. The Level-1 endcap muon trigger algorithm will be processed by new trigger processor boards with modern FPGAs and high-speed optical serial links. For validation and performance evaluation, the inputs and outputs of their trigger logic will be read out using a newly developed software-based readout system. We have successfully integrated this readout system in the ATLAS online software framework, enabling commissioning in the actual Run 3 environment. Stable trigger readout has been realized for input rates up to 100 kHz with a developed event-building application. We have verified that its performance is sufficient for Run 3 operation in terms of event data size and trigger rate. The paper will present the details of the integration and commissioning of the software-based readout system for ATLAS Level-1 endcap muon trigger in Run 3.
The Controls and Configuration Software of the ATLAS Data Acquisition System: evolution towards LHC Run 3
Authors: Kazarov Andrei , Chitan Adrian , Kazymov Andrei , Corso-Radu Alina , Aleksandrov Igor , Soloviev Igor , Avolio Giuseppe , Vasile Matei , Mineev Mikhail
Published: August 2021

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operated very successfully in the years 2008 to 2018, in two periods identified as Run 1 and Run 2. ATLAS achieved an overall data-taking efficiency of 94%, largely constrained by the irreducible dead-time introduced to accommodate the limitations of the detector read-out electronics. Out of the 6% dead-time only about 15% could be attributed to the central trigger and DAQ system, and out of these, a negligible fraction was due to the Control and Configuration subsystem. Despite these achievements, and in order to improve even more the already excellent efficiency of the whole DAQ system in the coming Run 3, a new campaign of software updates was launched for the second long LHC shutdown (LS2). This paper presents, using a few selected examples, how the work was approached and which new technologies were introduced into the ATLAS Control and Configuration software. Despite these being specific to this system, many solutions can be considered and adapted to different distributed DAQ systems.
Charophyte variation in sensitivity to eutrophication affects their potential for the trophic and ecological status indication
Authors: Kolada Agnieszka
Published: August 2021

Charophytes (stoneworts) form a group of macrophytes that are considered sensitive to eutrophication. The high indicator value of charophytes toward eutrophication results in their wide use in the bioassessment systems. I explored the variability of stonewort communities' requirements for trophic conditions in lowland temperate lakes and attempted to determine the role of individual syntaxa in assessing the ecological status of lakes in Poland. The position of charophyte communities' niches along the trophic gradient was analysed using the Outlying Mean Index approach. A few stonewort communities, i.e., Nitelletum opacae, N. mucronatae, N. flexilis and Charetum filiformis appeared to be specialised concerning water quality and may be considered indicators of habitats less eutrophic than the “mean” trophic conditions in the study domain. Most stonewort communities were relatively common in European waters. Four of them, i.e., Charetum tomentosae, C. asperae, C. contrariae and Nitellopsidetum obtusae, can be classified as ‘generalists’ with low marginality and broad ecological tolerance. Most stonewort communities appeared in a broad range of ecological status classes. In the case of 15 communities, 6 to 25% of occurrences were observed in lakes representing a less than good status, and they cannot be considered indicative of good ecological conditions. However, the high taxonomic diversity and extensive phytolittoral zone were most likely to occur when the phytocoenoses of stoneworts were present. In lowland naturally eutrophic lakes inhabited by eurytopic species, the extraordinary role of charophytes in the assessment of the ecological status can be interpreted through their significant contribution to the development of the littoral.
Spark plasma sintering of CNT-NiAl nanocomposites – Process parameter, densification mechanism, and grain analysis
Authors: Ayodele Olusoji Oluremi , Awotunde Mary Ajimegoh , Babalola Bukola Joseph , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: August 2021

The densification process and grain analysis of consolidated NiAl-CNT composites at 1000 °C, and at varied heating rates from 50 °C/min to 150 °C/min was investigated. The results revealed the effect of heating rate on the densification behaviour of the samples. The displacement of the composites decreased from 3.39 mm to 2.63 mm with increasing heating rate, while the porosity increased by 69% at rapid heating rate. The grain analysis of the sintered samples through the electron backscattered (EBSD) technique indicates the evolution of bigger grains as the heating rate proceeds higher. Furthermore, the mean grain size of the consolidated composites increased from 3.93 μm, to 8.05 μm due to the concentration of defects. Interestingly, there was no texture or predominance of any color evolution in the sintered materials.
Regulation – the area of inter-branch knowledge application
Authors: Zyryanov Sergey Mikhailovich , Kalmykova Anastasia Valentinovna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to justify the feasibility of using regulatory policy and sectoral scientific tools in the daily activities of regulatory bodies. The study used a wide range of sources containing empirical data reflecting modern theoretical concepts of regulation. The authors used general scientific and special methods of cognition, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logic, comparative jurisprudence, and interpretation of law. The result of the study was an overview of the points of view of modern scientists on regulation problems and the use of an intersectoral approach. In addition, the article provides a rationale for the need to use an intersectoral approach in regulation; the possibilities of attracting psychologists and criminologists, historians and political scientists have been identified. The novelty of the results obtained is due to the author’s approach to the study of the activities of regulatory bodies and lies in the fact that it has shown that in modern conditions, regulation takes on the character of scientific activity that requires broad knowledge. Currently, in the world practice, there are no examples of the inclusion of criminologists, political scientists, historians, sociologists, and ecologists in the staff structure of regulatory bodies as experts on a wide range of issues that managers have to solve when developing regulatory policy, choosing models, and developing regulatory strategies. Nowadays, all these issues are solved by the heads of regulatory bodies mostly intuitively, guided by their life experience and ideas about what should be done or subjective assessments, which does not contribute to the successful achievement of regulatory goals. Continuation of research on this topic will contribute to the development of theoretical ideas about the activities of regulatory bodies and the development of practical proposals aimed at increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of regulation.
Sociocultural aspect of criminal law enforcement in the Russian mentality
Authors: Zolotukhin Vladimir Mikhailovich , Bikmetov Rashit Saitgoraevich , Shiller Vadim Viktorovich , Tarasenko Anastasiya Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the socio-cultural aspect of criminal law enforcement in the Russian mentality. The methodological basis was such scientific methods as dialectical, comparative, logical, historical, prognostic, and systems analysis. This allowed, to achieve this goal, to perform a comparative analysis of the works of Russian and foreign legal experts on the examined problem. The result of the study was the conclusion that the effectiveness of law enforcement is due not only to national mentality, but also to the socio-cultural environment both on the part of the law enforcement officer and citizens as participants and/or eyewitnesses of specific legal relations. The authors also emphasize that culture, as well as socio-cultural environment forms stereotypes of legal behavior, depending on the constitutional and legislative consolidation of socio-political and socio-economic trends in the development of society. The novelty of the work lies in the formulation of the problem and its substantiation. This is due to the fact that the authors emphasize that an essential element is the degree of acceptability of value stereotypes in a particular state that allow and/or prohibit certain actions in connection with the possibility of undermining the foundations of national security and public morality.
The phenomenon of judge law or the “Hohfeld case” revisited
Authors: Korolev Sergey Viktorovich , Sangadzhiev Badma Vladimirovich , Sangadzhieva Klavdia Vasilievna , Khalatyan Raisa Fedorovna , Koroleva Liudmila Anatolievna
Published: August 2021

The article examines the still disputed phenomenon of the so-called judge law. This term implies the ability of judges “to make law” besides the national legislative body. Although the proponents of judge law were often accused of trying to destroy the paradigm of supremacy of legislative acts over all other legal acts, including court decisions, the judge law ideology never questioned the crucial importance of normative acts, emanating from national legislative bodies. The problem of these acts is that they – more often than not – do not reflect the real social conditions, a particular judge is confronted with. In many cases, a judge cannot rely on legislative acts, because – in terms of the French Code Civil – the necessary normative provisions are non-existent, fuzzy, or insufficient. Nevertheless, any judge has to properly adjudicate a case at hand if he/she is eager to circumvent the accusation of denial of justice. According to Hohfeld professional lawyers, including judges, are usually not coherent while using the fundamental legal concepts, such as “contract”, “property”, “business”, “corporation” etc. In practical life it means the following: either one can depict his or her interests in the terms of “rights” or he/she is simply legally non-existent.
Acts of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court in the context of criminal law linkages
Authors: Konyakhin Vladimir Pavlovich , Batyutina Tatyana Yurievna , Aslanyan Ruslan Georgievich , Intykbaev Manas Kapasovich
Published: August 2021

The regulatory certainty of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is ensured by the presence of systemic hierarchical links between different legal prescriptions, including of the other-branch affiliation. Since the Russian legislation does not provide for the authentic interpretation of federal laws, the Russian Federation Constitutional Court plays an important role in the resolution of complicated issues of enforcement of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. As a rule, the doctrine gives a characteristic of particular decisions taken by it through the prism of problems of classification of specific crimes. However, proceeding from the growing scientific interest in interdisciplinary research, it seems necessary to accumulate the major legal provisions of the said court in terms of enforcement of the criminal law, with regard for its inter-sectoral bonds. The purpose of the research is to generalise the conclusions of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court on such fundamental issues as the grounds for criminal liability, timeframe validity of a criminal law, differentiation between crimes and administrative offences, prejudgement – and search of the optimal algorithm for their resolution in the future on this basis. The methodological basis of the study is represented by the general scientific methods of cognition: dialectical and systemic-structural; and as concerns the specific scientific methods – by the legalistic method. Following the analysis of a number of resolutions and rulings of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court for the period 2003-2020, an algorithm was developed for enforcement of the regulatory prescriptions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the context of its inter-branch linkages. It was found out, on the basis of the study of sentences passed by the Russian courts, that the most common mistakes of law enforcement officers in extrapolating the legal provisions of the Russian Federation Constitutional Court within the framework of particular criminal cases are connected with incorrect interpretation of factual circumstances as well as the facts of transcending the content of the relevant norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Transformation of environmental law in the face of great challenges
Authors: Zhavoronkova Nаtalia Grigorievna , Shpakovskiy Yuriy Grigorievich , Agafonov Vyacheslav Borisovich , Seitkhozhin Bulat Umerzhanovich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to identify contemporary trends in the transformation of environmental law due to the global and supranational nature of the existing challenges and threats. General scientific methods (dialectical, logical, empirical and prognostic), interdisciplinary (private) methods (system analysis, comparative analysis), as well as special (specific) research methods (comparative legal and formal legal). Based on the research results, the conclusion is formulated, according to which, the specifics of the environmental events, that have occurred, require a radical change in the very paradigm of environmental law, the implementation of a new contemporary environmental policy, the development of environmental standards taking into account the best existing technologies, the transition from the concept of “regulating the negative impact” of economic activities on the environment to a new concept of obtaining “technological advantages due to the use of environmental technologies”. The research novelty lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to identify current trends in the transformation of environmental law in the context of exponentially increasing environmental challenges and threats.
Public awareness in the context of the state and legal policy of 19th century Russia in the fight against epidemics
Authors: Poluda Oksana Nikolaevna , Gimishyan Liliana Sedrakova , Voronkova Irina Vladimirovna , Ignatkina Anastasiya Lvovna , Lebedeva Elena Sergeevna
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to justify the influence of the public awareness factor on the effectiveness of state and legal policy in the fight against epidemics in 19th century Russia. The methodology of the research consisted of dialectical method of knowledge, problem-chronological, structural and functional, comparative-legal, formal-legal and biographical methods. The scientific novelty lies in the author’s classification of organizational and legal measures aimed at combating epidemics. The state, showing concern for the protection of public health, has established a set of legal measures aimed at ensuring sanitary-epidemic safety. These measures should be classified into three groups: sanitary and prohibition measures, which were entrusted to the local authorities with the function of police surveillance; information and prevention and suppression of the spread of epidemic diseases; measures related to quarantine institutions and quarantine measures within the empire. The research reveals the evolution of special, service competencies of the authorities and administration related to the protection of life and health of the population. Awareness as a legal category, aimed at the adequate perception of the state-legal measures related to life safety, all participants in legal relations. In this context, public awareness acted as an important component of the state-legal policy of Russia in the fight against epidemics, contributing to the formation of national legal consciousness and legal culture of subjects. The conclusion is made that the state's power in its activities to ensure public safety acted taking into account the needs of the entire society, guaranteeing the protection of health and life not only to the privileged classes.
Interaction of the human-rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation with human rights law enforcement (on the example of the prosecutor’s office and the investigative committee)
Authors: Demina Elizaveta Petrovna , Babich Nikita Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze some systemic problems in the organization and activities of the institution of the Human-Rights Ombudsman in Russia, bodies of the Prosecutor’s Office, the Investigative Committee of Russia, as well as the conditions of interaction between the Human-Rights Ombudsman and law enforcement and human rights bodies. The methodological basis of the study was the use of system-structural and dialectical methods of scientific knowledge. For a more detailed study of the problems, the methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization were applied. For the study of normative legal regulations, special methods of document analysis in the field of knowledge under study were applied. The result of the study was the conclusion that the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms is an integral part of a developed democratic state governed by the rule of law. The authors believe that in order to improve the quality of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms it is necessary, first, to reform a large number of elements of the state system. Particular attention in all this must be paid, first and foremost, to the organization, activities, and legal status of the institution of the Human-Rights Ombudsman in Russia, as well as the bodies of the Russian Prosecutor’s Office and the Russian Investigative Committee. The second stage should be the creation of optimal conditions for interaction between the Russian Human-Rights Ombudsman and the Russian Prosecutor’s Office, the Russian Investigative Committee, and other law enforcement agencies in order to protect human and civil rights and freedoms. The novelty of the study is in the author’s approach to the consideration of these problems, as well as in the development of appropriate proposals to address them.
Basic model of resocialization of convicts
Authors: Maltseva Tatiana Vyacheslavna , Malyshev Konstantin Borisovich , Sobolev Nikolay Gurgenovich , Kirillova Ekaterina Pavlovna , Mikhailov Alexey Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: development of directions and basic model of resocialization of convicts. This study uses a three-factor dichotomous baseline model of convict resocialization with a single “external-internal” dichotomy. This model defines the “vectors of development” of a convict and shows the common factors of this process, which correctional officers need to consider when organizing re-socialization work with this category of people. The research resulted in conclusions from the analysis of three factor-categories of pedagogy: “education”, “training” and “education”, determining the objective (external) position of the individual, and “self-learning” and “self-education”, determining the subjective (internal) position of the individual. While using the principle of “semantic proximity”, a three-factor basic-dichotomous “superimposition” of these factors-categories of pedagogy on such concepts as “values”, “activity”, “intellect” has been performed. This “superposition” results in three combined basic psycho-pedagogical factors (“value education”, “active learning”, “intellectual education”). From this model, it becomes clear what direction correctional officers should work in terms of “developing the consciousness” of the convict, given the factors in question. The novelty of the study is that the work shows specific examples of activities performed by the staff with convicts, which are associated with the implementation of these factors and the impact on the process of resocialization.
Key aspects of protection of digital rights of the individual related to the development of the cryptocurrency sphere
Authors: Stepanov Oleg Anatolyevich , Prokhorova Evgeniya Nikolaevna , Vasilyev Stanislav Aleksandrovich , Virabov Vartan Samsonovich
Published: August 2021

The main objective of the research is to study the scientific problem of public importance related to the protection of digital rights of the individual in the modern conditions. Due to the development of the cryptocurrency sphere, the problem of protection of digital rights of the individual becomes one of the most urgent. The subject studied comprehensively by the authors is the sphere of activity related to the protection of digital rights of the individual from unlawful encroachments. The methodological base of the research consists of the methods of logic allowing to consider the diverse relations in the cryptocurrency sphere and also the analysis of the legislation, study of the documents, study of the electronic information resources. The result of the research is making recommendations regarding the protection of digital rights of the individual related to the development of the cryptocurrency sphere. Furthermore, the authors emphasize the provision of harmonization of the interests of the state and the individual in the cryptocurrency sphere. The novelty of the paper is that the obtained results of the research have not been published before in the literary references and can serve as a guide mark for the further scientific search in the sphere of protection of digital rights of the individual.