bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid Extravasation Related to Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Hinzpeter Jaime , Barrientos Cristián , Barahona Maximiliano , Diaz Jorge , Zamorano Alvaro , Salazar Alfonso , Catalan Jaime
Published: March 2015

Background:

Complications related to hip arthroscopy are rare, with a current rate of <2%. Some complications are related to fluid extravasation, which has been associated with life-threatening conditions such as abdominal compartment syndrome, cardiopulmonary arrest, hypothermia, and atelectasis.

Purpose:

To identify risk factors for fluid volume extravasation in hip arthroscopy and to determine the relationship between anatomical location on computed tomography (CT) and extravasated volume.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We performed a prospective cohort study of 40 consecutive arthroscopies for femoroacetabular impingement. Patient demographics and procedures performed (ie, acetabuloplasty and its size, femoral osteoplasty, and psoas tenotomy) were recorded. The extravasated volume was estimated by the difference between the infused volume and the intraoperatively collected volume. Within 12 hours after the procedure, the pelvis was scanned by CT. We created a 3-stage radiological classification based on progressive involvement of anatomical structures attributed to liquid extravasation. Statistical analyses were performed with a 95% CI and a significance level of 5%.

Results:

No relevant clinical symptoms related to fluid extravasation were recorded. The mean extravasated volume was 3.06 L at a rate of 1.05 L/h, corresponding to nearly 10% of the infused volume. There was a trend toward greater extravasated volume with longer operative time and longer time in the peripheral compartment (without axial traction); however, there was no statistical significance. The anatomical classification on CT imaging was directly related to the extravasated volume and compromised the thigh, gluteus, and retroperitoneum and intraperitoneal spaces. There was a 6-fold greater probability of female patients having an advanced stage extravasation on CT classification.

Conclusion:

In our series, 10% of the infused volume was extravasated in uncomplicated hip arthroscopy. Risk factors for extravasation were related to operative time, particularly during peripheral compartment intervention (ie, without traction). The anatomical classification proposed in this study reflects the progressive involvement of the thigh, gluteus, iliopsoas, and retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal spaces after increase in extravasated volume. Compared with males, females were associated with more severe anatomical compromise for the same extravasated volume.
Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Tobacco Sales in an Elevated-Risk Population
Authors: Kelly Kimberly M. , Agarwal Parul , Attarabeen Omar , Scott Virginia G. , Elswick Betsy , Dolly Brandon , Tworek Cindy
Published: March 2015

Background: Policies by the American Medical Association and the American Pharmacists Association advocate for the discontinuation of tobacco sales in pharmacies, yet tobacco sales remain lucrative for pharmacies in the United States. West Virginia has the highest smoking rate (29%) and the second highest lung cancer incidence in the country. Objective: This study examined pharmacists’ perceptions of tobacco sales in pharmacies and awareness of relevant policies. Methods: West Virginia pharmacists (n = 195) were surveyed to understand tobacco sales in West Virginia pharmacy, utilizing Diffusion of Innovations as a theoretical framework. Results: Eighty-one percent were community pharmacists, and 39% practiced at independent pharmacies. Sixty-two percent reported that their pharmacies did not sell tobacco. Pharmacists at independent pharmacies were more likely to be in rural areas/small towns, have decision-making control over tobacco sales, and not currently selling tobacco products. Other community pharmacists (ie, at regional and national chains) were more likely to sell tobacco products, not have decision-making control over tobacco sales, and perceive revenue loss from discontinuing tobacco sales. Other types of pharmacists (eg, hospital) estimated a greater number of patients who were smokers/tobacco users. A logistic regression showed that less perceived revenue loss was associated with greater likelihood of not selling tobacco products (all Ps < .05). Conclusions: Findings indicate a strong movement among community pharmacists to curtail the use of tobacco. Generating support for the elimination of tobacco sales and adoption of tobacco cessation initiatives in community pharmacy could help reduce smoking rates in elevated-risk populations.
Haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation from KIR ligand–mismatched donors with activating KIRs reduces nonrelapse mortality
Authors: Mancusi Antonella , Ruggeri Loredana , Urbani Elena , Pierini Antonio , Massei Maria Speranza , Carotti Alessandra , Terenzi Adelmo , Falzetti Franca , Tosti Antonella , Topini Fabiana , Bozza Silvia , Romani Luigina , Tognellini Rita , Stern Martin , Aversa Franco , Martelli Massimo F. , Velardi Andrea
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Haploidentical transplantation from KIR ligand–mismatched donors with activating KIRs reduces nonrelapse mortality and improves survival. Activating KIR genetics should be considered when selecting donors for T cell–depleted haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation.
Obinutuzumab plus fludarabine/cyclophosphamide or bendamustine in the initial therapy of CLL patients: the phase 1b GALTON trial
Authors: Brown Jennifer R. , O’Brien Susan , Kingsley C. Daniel , Eradat Herbert , Pagel John M. , Lymp James , Hirata Jamie , Kipps Thomas J.
Published: March 2015

Key Points

In this phase 1b study, obinutuzumab plus FC or B had acceptable safety, with infusion reactions the most common adverse event. Obinutuzumab plus FC or B showed promising clinical activity in the initial treatment of CLL, with no relapses to date.
The effectiveness of a flood protection computer game for disaster education
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Chang Yu-Lien , Kao Catherine , Kang Shih-Chung
Published: March 2015

Background

Taiwan experiences typhoons annually and the heavy rain accompanies a typhoon often causes flooding and damage. Local decision-makers invest heavily in flood-prevention measures thus need to allocate resources wisely to minimize the destruction. As floods periodically cause tremendous damage to lives and property, passing on the learning of previous generations becomes important. Disaster education is therefore critical in the region. However, the current disaster education curriculum follows a traditional education methodology focusing on theoretical and conceptual knowledge and teaching. An alternative methodology is needed to motivate students and to deliver practical experience in disaster education.

Method

This study adopted a persuasive technology game-initiated-learning (GIL) and developed a Flood Protection game to understanding the following: (1) students’ motivation for learning, (2) their ability to play the game, and (3) their focus on disaster topics. To evaluate their levels of motivation, students’ reactions were analyzed and categorized into four specific expressions: discussion, question, laughter, and screaming. Students’ game playing ability was analyzed and categorized into four stages: explore, aware, fluent, and known. Finally, the content of students’ discussions and questions were analyzed to assess their interest in disaster education.

Results

Students’ levels of motivation were found to be high (an average of 2.3 instances of discussion, 0.7 instances of question, 1.3 instances of laughter, and 0.8 instances of screaming were observed per minute during the game); their ability to play the game was sufficient (79% of students completed the game having reached the “known” stage); and the content of their discussions and questions was closely related to disaster knowledge (73% of the 256 discussions and questions related closely to flood and disaster knowledge).

Conclusions

From this research, we find that GIL is a persuasive design in flood protection training. Students with low motivation in conventional learning environments were triggered after playing the game. It enhanced students’ motivation to learn more about flooding. In short, the game does benefit flood disaster education, indicating that a well-designed game may promote students’ motivation in disaster education and cause behavior change.
Overexpression of KDM4 lysine demethylases disrupts the integrity of the DNA mismatch repair pathway
Authors: Awwad Samah W. , Ayoub Nabieh
Published: March 2015

The KDM4 family of lysine demethylases consists of five members, KDM4A, -B and -C that demethylate H3K9me2/3 and H3K36me2/3 marks, while KDM4D and -E demethylate only H3K9me2/3. Recent studies implicated KDM4 proteins in regulating genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized pathway by which hyperactivity of KDM4 demethylases promotes genomic instability. We show that overexpression of KDM4A-C, but not KDM4D, disrupts MSH6 foci formation during S phase by demethylating its binding site, H3K36me3. Consequently, we demonstrate that cells overexpressing KDM4 members are defective in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), as evident by the instability of four microsatellite markers and the remarkable increase in the spontaneous mutations frequency at the HPRT locus. Furthermore, we show that the defective MMR in cells overexpressing KDM4C is mainly due to the increase in its demethylase activity and can be mended by KDM4C downregulation. Altogether, our data suggest that cells overexpressing KDM4A-C are defective in DNA MMR and this may contribute to genomic instability and tumorigenesis.
The Rho GTPase Cdc42 regulates hair cell planar polarity and cellular patterning in the developing cochlea
Authors: Kirjavainen Anna , Laos Maarja , Anttonen Tommi , Pirvola Ulla
Published: March 2015

Hair cells of the organ of Corti (OC) of the cochlea exhibit distinct planar polarity, both at the tissue and cellular level. Planar polarity at tissue level is manifested as uniform orientation of the hair cell stereociliary bundles. Hair cell intrinsic polarity is defined as structural hair bundle asymmetry; positioning of the kinocilium/basal body complex at the vertex of the V-shaped bundle. Consistent with strong apical polarity, the hair cell apex displays prominent actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. The Rho GTPase Cdc42 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and polarization of various cell types, and, thus, serves as a candidate regulator of hair cell polarity. We have here induced Cdc42 inactivation in the late-embryonic OC. We show the role of Cdc42 in the establishment of planar polarity of hair cells and in cellular patterning. Abnormal planar polarity was displayed as disturbances in hair bundle orientation and morphology and in kinocilium/basal body positioning. These defects were accompanied by a disorganized cell-surface microtubule network. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), a putative Cdc42 effector, colocalized with Cdc42 at the hair cell apex, and aPKC expression was altered upon Cdc42 depletion. Our data suggest that Cdc42 together with aPKC is part of the machinery establishing hair cell planar polarity and that Cdc42 acts on polarity through the cell-surface microtubule network. The data also suggest that defects in apical polarization are influenced by disturbed cellular patterning in the OC. In addition, our data demonstrates that Cdc42 is required for stereociliogenesis in the immature cochlea.
Bit-1 is an essential regulator of myogenic differentiation
Authors: Griffiths Genevieve S. , Doe Jinger , Jijiwa Mayumi , Van Ry Pam , Cruz Vivian , de la Vega Michelle , Ramos Joe W. , Burkin Dean J. , Matter Michelle L.
Published: March 2015

Muscle differentiation requires a complex signaling cascade that leads to multinucleated myofibers. Genes regulating the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway also function in controlling cell differentiation. How such signaling pathways are regulated during differentiation is not fully understood. Bit-1 mutations in humans cause infantile-onset multisystem disease with muscle weakness. We demonstrate here that Bit-1 controls skeletal myogenesis through a caspase-mediated signaling pathway. Bit-1 null mice exhibit a myopathy with hypotrophic myofibers. Bit-1 null myoblasts prematurely express muscle-specific proteins. Similarly, knockdown of Bit-1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts promotes early differentiation whereas overexpression delays differentiation. In wild type mice Bit-1 levels increase during differentiation. Bit-1 null myoblasts exhibited increased caspase 9 and caspase 3 without increased apoptosis*. Bit-1 re-expression partially rescued differentiation. In Bit-1 null muscle, Bcl-2 is reduced suggesting Bcl-2-mediated inhibition of caspase 9 and caspase 3 is decreased. Bcl-2 re-expression rescued Bit-1-mediated early differentiation in Bit-1 null myoblasts and C2C12s with knockdown of Bit-1 expression. These results support an unanticipated yet essential role for Bit-1 in controlling myogenesis through regulation of Bcl-2.
Tight regulation of the unfolded protein sensor Ire1 by its intramolecularly antagonizing subdomain
Authors: Mathuranyanon Rubwad , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Takeuchi Asumi , Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Tuchiya Yuichi , Kohno Kenji , Kimata Yukio
Published: March 2015

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accompanies ER stress and causes the type-I transmembarane protein Ire1 to trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). When dimerized, the core stress-sensing region (CSSR) of Ire1 directly captures unfolded proteins and forms a high-order oligomer, leading to clustering and activation of Ire1. The CSSR is N-terminally flanked by an intrinsically disordered subdomain, which we previously named Subregion I, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ire1. In this study, we describe tight repression of Ire1 activity by Subregion I under no or weak stress conditions. Weak hyperactivation of an Ire1 mutant lacking Subregion I slightly retarded growth of yeast cells cultured under unstressed conditions. Fungal Ire1 orthologs and the animal Ire1-family protein PERK carry N-terminal intrinsically disordered subdomains with a similar structure and function as Subregion I. Our observations presented here cumulatively indicate that Subregion I is captured by the CSSR as an unfolded-protein substrate. This intramolecular subdomain interaction is likely to compromise self-association of the CSSR, explaining why Subregion I can suppress Ire1 activity when ER-accumulated unfolded proteins are not abundant.
Severe acid-base and neurological derangements in pregnancy toxaemia
Authors: Paxson JA , Bedenice Daniela
Published: March 2015

Two alpacas presented with inappetance, weight loss and weakness during late-term pregnancy (day 315 and 320 respectively). Lipaemia, hyperglycaemia, volume depletion and severe metabolic acidosis were identified in both animals, with ketonuria confirmed in one alpaca. Both alpacas were treated with intravenous fluids, thiamine and regular insulin, tailored to careful heamatological monitoring. The first alpaca demonstrated signs of systemic inflammation and aborted twin fetuses within 24 hours of admission. Subsequently, the alpaca developed acute signs of central neurological dysfunction, with progressive depression and opisthotonus. Despite further treatment, the patient died peracutely following a tonic-clonic seizure. The second alpaca developed central depression and posterior paraparesis with persistent limb abduction in the cushed position within 48 hours of admission. Abortion was induced and the alpaca slowly recovered full neurological function over 17 days. Severe acid-base derangements with subsequent neurological dysfunction have not been previously reported in states of negative-energy balance in pregnant alpacas. This article discusses the clinical presentation and treatment of pregnancy toxaemia in these animals, as well as the potential pathophysiology of life-threatening neurological complications of ketoacidosis.
Equine Review
Authors: Rendle David
Published: March 2015

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on avermectin resistance, laminitis, repeat celiotomy, ovariectomy, coronavirus and insulin sensitivity.
South West Respiratory Network inhaler training project
Authors: Halpin David , Holmes Steve , Calvert James , McInerney Deborah
Published: March 2015

Correct inhaler technique is essential for patients to get benefits from their therapy. Evidence shows that up to 90% of patients do not take their inhaler properly. A number of factors are associated with an increased chance of poor inhaler technique. Health professionals have an important role in teaching patients the correct inhaler technique, but many clinicians themselves do not know how to use inhalers correctly. The South West Respiratory Network formulated a project to develop and deliver an inhaler technique training programme for clinicians. The first wave of training created 50 ‘ambassadors’, who will deliver training locally to other health professionals, thus spreading expertise. An online competency assessment tool will provide assurance of the level of competence in knowledge of inhalers gained through the training and additional practice. The project aims to increase the number of people who are able to use their inhaler correctly, resulting in better disease control and savings to the NHS.
Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes into Spine Surgical Care through Visual
Dashboards: Lessons Learned from Human-Centered Design
Authors: Hartzler Andrea L. , Chaudhuri Shomir , Fey Brett C. , Flum David R. , Lavallee Danielle
Published: March 2015

Introduction: The collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) draws attention
to issues of importance to patients—physical function and quality of life. The
integration of PRO data into clinical decisions and discussions with patients requires
thoughtful design of user-friendly interfaces that consider user experience and present
data in personalized ways to enhance patient care. Whereas most prior work on PROs
focuses on capturing data from patients, little research details how to design effective
user interfaces that facilitate use of this data in clinical practice. We share lessons
learned from engaging health care professionals to inform design of visual dashboards,
an emerging type of health information technology (HIT).Methods: We employed
human-centered design (HCD) methods to create visual displays of PROs to support patient
care and quality improvement. HCD aims to optimize the design of interactive systems
through iterative input from representative users who are likely to use the system in
the future. Through three major steps, we engaged health care professionals in targeted,
iterative design activities to inform the development of a PRO Dashboard that visually
displays patient-reported pain and disability outcomes following spine
surgery.Findings: Design activities to engage health care administrators, providers, and
staff guided our work from design concept to specifications for dashboard
implementation. Stakeholder feedback from these health care professionals shaped user
interface design features, including predefined overviews that illustrate at-a-glance
trends and quarterly snapshots, granular data filters that enable users to dive into
detailed PRO analytics, and user-defined views to share and reuse. Feedback also
revealed important considerations for quality indicators and privacy-preserving sharing
and use of PROs.Conclusion: Our work illustrates a range of engagement methods guided by
human-centered principles and design recommendations for optimizing PRO Dashboards for
patient care and quality improvement. Engaging health care professionals as stakeholders
is a critical step toward the design of user-friendly HIT that is accepted, usable, and
has the potential to enhance quality of care and patient outcomes.
The professional ‘Creed’ of francophone journalists in linguistic majorities and minorities in Canada
Authors: Bernier Marc-François
Published: March 2015

Scientific research concentrating on Quebec journalism and media has been conducted for nearly 40 years. It may be said that in 2014, the domain is richer and more fertile than ever. Such an emphasis on Quebec, however, gives the impression that there is no francophone journalism worthy of research outside of that province. To compensate somewhat for this shortcoming, I propose two proceedings. First, I will sketch a sociological portrait of journalists in Canadian francophone minorities in order to present a more general overview of this population. Second, I will compare their professional priorities with those of two homologous groups: Quebec journalists, and francophone and anglophone Canadian journalists. This comparison will allow us to observe that journalists in francophone minorities (JFMs) are not so different after all from their counterparts, though they have certain distinguishing traits that I will attempt to explain.
Planning policies for language diversity: The weight of national realities in applying international conventions
Authors: Guyot Jacques
Published: March 2015

The term ‘language diversity’ is subjected to many contradictory and paradoxical discourses. Facing the effects of economic and cultural globalization, the variety of the languages spoken in the world is on the decline, despite a keen awareness it is a precious universal heritage. Besides, many countries, included those signing the international conventions promoted by the ILO (International Labour organization), the UNESCO or the European Union, are reluctant to plan linguistic policies for minorities. On the basis of enquiries and critical survey of legal texts, the comparative survey between Europe and some Latin American countries, shows how national realities are still shaped by the balance of powers inherited from domination and colonialism. Special attention will be paid to media; in this particular field, what linguistic minorities need to exist within the democratic public sphere is the right to communication: such challenge is presently becoming a reality in some Latin American countries like Argentina.
Identification of AGO3-Associated miRNAs and Computational Prediction of Their Targets in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Voshall Adam , Kim Eun-Jeong , Ma Xinrong , Moriyama Etsuko N , Cerutti Heriberto
Published: March 2015

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii harbors many types of small RNAs (sRNAs) but little is known about their role(s) in the regulation of endogenous genes and cellular processes. To define functional microRNAs (miRNAs) in Chlamydomonas, we characterized sRNAs associated with an argonaute protein, AGO3, by affinity purification and deep sequencing. Using a stringent set of criteria for canonical miRNA annotation, we identified 39 precursor miRNAs, which produce 45 unique, AGO3-associated miRNA sequences including 13 previously reported miRNAs and 32 novel ones. Potential miRNA targets were identified based on the complementarity of miRNAs with candidate binding sites on transcripts and classified, depending on the extent of complementarity, as being likely to be regulated through cleavage or translational repression. The search for cleavage targets identified 74 transcripts. However, only 6 of them showed an increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in a mutant strain almost devoid of sRNAs. The search for translational repression targets, which used complementarity criteria more stringent than those empirically required for a reduction in target protein levels, identified 488 transcripts. However, unlike observations in metazoans, most predicted translation repression targets did not show appreciable changes in transcript abundance in the absence of sRNAs. Additionally, of three candidate targets examined at the protein level, only one showed a moderate variation in polypeptide amount in the mutant strain. Our results emphasize the difficulty in identifying genuine miRNA targets in Chlamydomonas and suggest that miRNAs, under standard laboratory conditions, might have mainly a modulatory role in endogenous gene regulation in this alga.
Cis- and Trans-Regulatory Mechanisms of Gene Expression in the ASJ Sensory Neuron of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: González-Barrios María , Fierro-González Juan Carlos , Krpelanova Eva , Mora-Lorca José Antonio , Pedrajas José Rafael , Peñate Xenia , Chavez Sebastián , Swoboda Peter , Jansen Gert , Miranda-Vizuete Antonio
Published: March 2015

The identity of a given cell type is determined by the expression of a set of genes sharing common cis-regulatory motifs and being regulated by shared transcription factors. Here, we identify cis and trans regulatory elements that drive gene expression in the bilateral sensory neuron ASJ, located in the head of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. For this purpose, we have dissected the promoters of the only two genes so far reported to be exclusively expressed in ASJ, trx-1 and ssu-1. We hereby identify the ASJ motif, a functional cis-regulatory bipartite promoter region composed of two individual 6 bp elements separated by a 3 bp linker. The first element is a 6 bp CG-rich sequence that presumably binds the Sp family member zinc-finger transcription factor SPTF-1. Interestingly, within the C. elegans nervous system SPTF-1 is also found to be expressed only in ASJ neurons where it regulates expression of other genes in these neurons and ASJ cell fate. The second element of the bipartite motif is a 6 bp AT-rich sequence that is predicted to potentially bind a transcription factor of the homeobox family. Together, our findings identify a specific promoter signature and SPTF-1 as a transcription factor that functions as a terminal selector gene to regulate gene expression in C. elegans ASJ sensory neurons.
Citrus huanglongbing: validation of Real-Time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus in Colombia
Authors: Ángel Jorge Evelio , Hernández Erick Geovanni , Herrera Néstor Andrés , Gómez Linda Yhiset , Castro Ángela Patricia , Sepúlveda Adriana Milena , Ebratt Everth Emilio
Published: March 2015

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive citrus disease. Two of the three known HLB-associated CandidatusLiberibacter species were recently found to be present in the Americas. In this study, eggs, nymphs and adults of Diaphorinacitri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and suspect citrus plant materials were collected in 25 municipalities in the departments of Cundinamarca, Santander, Valle del Cauca, Meta and Quindio (Colombia). The detection sensitivity, specificity and assay performance of the 16S rDNA-based real-time PCR (qPCR) were validated for the field survey of the disease in Colombia. The validation confirmed the reliability and robustness of the real-time PCR method for the detection of HLB bacteria in host citrus plant tissues and the vector D. citri. The diagnosis was performed for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Ca. L. asiaticus) and for Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Ca. L. americanus) on 168 citrus plant material samples and 239 insect samples. Neither Ca. L. asiaticus nor Ca. L. americanus were detected in the host plants or insects vector, confirming the absence of the disease in the citrus-producing areas of Colombia.
Effects of the genotype and environment interaction on sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) grown in the lowland tropics of Colombia
Authors: Bernal Jaime Humberto , Ligarreto M. Gustavo A. , Hernández Ruby Stella
Published: March 2015

Sugar production in sweet sorghums is affected by the environment. Therefore, in this study on the effects of the genotype x environment interaction on sugar accumulation, plant traits associated with the sugar content in the stem were evaluated in ten sorghum genotypes grown in six contrasting environments. The results indicated that the stem dry weight, juice sugar concentration (°Brix), stem sugar content and juice volume were controlled by the genetic constitution of the genotype, with a large environmental contribution to their expression. The results allowed for the identification of the sweet sorghum genotypes that have a high potential for the biofuel agroindustry due to their high sugar contents in the environmental conditions of Palmira, Espinal, Cerete and Codazzi. Humid tropical environments such as Gaitan and Villavicencio were less favorable for the competitive production of sweet sorghums for bioethanol due to their low levels of solar radiation and soil fertility.
An analysis at the technology level of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in the municipality of Tibu (Colombia)
Authors: Rangel L. Elías , Puentes M. Gloria Acened , Rodríguez C. Luis Felipe
Published: March 2015

In the municipality of Tibu, a process of strategic alliances was started for small- and medium-sized oil palm producers with the support of a private company, the International Agency for Development (USAID), and the national government, incentivizing the creation of small-producer associations. This project has performed well in the region, generating positive effects for the region's economy. However, it has been observed that, among the small producers, some have good productivity and others have low productivity. The plantations share the same vegetative material, Dami-Las Flores, which was planted in 2005 and now has 8 years of production. The survey was conducted in October of 2013 on each of the plantations. After conducting the survey and processing the information with an evaluation matrix at the technology level, it was determined that the general technology adoption level of these plantations was 72.6%. It is recommended that the plantations increase characterization studies of the soil, conduct topographical studies, suitably prepare the soil, and design drainage systems where they are needed based on the studies.
Effect of indole-3-butyric acid and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on asexual cape gooseberry propagation (Physalis peruviana L.)
Authors: Alvarado-Sanabria Oscar Humberto , Álvarez-Herrera Javier Giovanni
Published: March 2015

The growth and development of cape gooseberry plants obtained from cuttings is affected by microorganisms in the substrate and by the concentration of plant growth regulators applied during planting. Using a factorial design, the effect of four concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 800, 1,200, and 1,600 mg L-1) and four suspensions of Trichoderma harzianum (0, 2·106, 3·106, and 4·106 cfu/mL) on the growth of cape gooseberry cuttings was evaluated. Apical cuttings were used, 20 cm long, from 20-month-old plants of the Colombian ecotype, which were planted in pots (2 L) using peat moss with burned rice husks as the substrate at a 3:1 ratio (v/v). The 800 mg L-1 of IBA application showed the highest accumulation of total dry mass (DM) and root DM. Moreover, 800 mg L-1 of IBA resulted in the highest leaf chlorophyll content, showing significant differences from 1,600 mg L-1, which had the lowest value. The 3·106 cfu/mL suspension of T. harzianum caused a greater accumulation of root DM and total DM and a higher leaf area in the plants. The most favorable interaction between the factors, which favors the growth of cape gooseberry plants obtained from cuttings, was observed with the application of 800 mg L-1 of IBA and 3·106 cfu/mL of T. harzianum.
Highly nutritional cookies based on a novel bean-cassava-wheat flour mix formulation
Authors: Cabal G. Diana Carolina , Melo R. Aslenis , Lissbrant Sofía , Gallego C. Sonia , La O Hechavarría María de la Luz , Tofiño R. Adriana
Published: March 2015

Nutritional deficiencies are common among children in Colombia, and innovative strategies and supplements are needed in order to effectively address this problem. For example, in Colombia, when measured as ferritin, iron deposits are deficient in 58.2% of children between two and eight years of age. If a formulation is made with highly nutritional ingredients, cookies will have the potential to be used as supplements in children's diets because of their simple manufacturing process, long shelf life, and high acceptability. This study aimed to develop biofortified cookies, based on a bean-cassava-wheat flour mix, for children. The methodology grouped several studies in order to define the best treatment for the production of bean flour and the flour mix to produce cookies, prioritizing the nutritional content and the microbiological and sensorial quality. A production procedure for bean-based flour, suitable for the production of cookies with adequate nutritional, sensorial and microbiological characteristics was obtained. Additionally, the rheological characteristics of the proposed flour mixes permitted other possible uses for the bread-making industry, substituting cereal flours with flours with higher micronutrient contents. However, further studies are needed to determine the nutritional effects of the regular ingestion of biofortified cookies on children.
The history of research on oil palm bud rot (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Colombia
Authors: Benítez Édgar , García Celsa
Published: March 2015

This article presents an overview of the main results obtained from research on oil palm bud rot. Aetiologic studies with biotic and abiotic approaches were explored, aiming for a model that would help in the understanding of the ethology of this disease. It also discusses how the results of the studies are contradictory and how the arguments for biological causes have not shown progress. Furthermore, the results of measuring the influence of abiotic factors, where there is greater consensus, are discussed; however, there is controversy due to the fact that different researchers placed different weight on the final model of this disease. This situation has led to controls being directed toward potential pathogens associated with the disease, as determined by circumstantial evidence, wherein the positive or negative response to the control may be confused with extrinsic factors such as disease escape or foci formation. Even the role played by the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) in the death of palms affected by this disease is in doubt. Finally, this paper shows how the process of general disease research has important biases arising from the risk aversion of palm producers or the lack of continuity in results obtained by different research groups.
Micropropagation of the native species Anthurium antioquiense Engl. for conservation purposes
Authors: Murillo-Gómez Paola Andrea , Naranjo Esther , Callejas Ricardo , Atehortúa Lucia , Urrea Aura
Published: March 2015

Anthurium antioquiense Engl. is a native plant belonging to the Araceae family. It grows on rocks in clear-water rivers and well-protected zones, similar to the waters in certain watersheds of the Antioquia Department, Colombia. Loss of habitat has threatened this promising ornamental plant species, which is also important because of its role in the ecosystem. In vitro tissue culture is considered an efficient alternative for the propagation of endangered species with the aim of establishing short-, medium- and long-term conservation programs. In the present research, in vitro introduction and shoot induction from A. antioquiense seedlings were performed. The highest production of shoots was obtained in a ½ MS (half-salt content) medium with 1 mg L-1 of BAP, which attained a 23.7 shoots/explant per month multiplication rate. The in vitro plants generated from shoots were individualized and transferred to a growth regulator-free medium. Rooting did not require the presence of growth regulators, and the adaptation of the in vitro plants to ex vitro conditions achieved a 98% survival rate.
The importance of pruning to the quality of wine grape fruits (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under high-altitude tropical conditions
Authors: Almanza-Merchán Pedro José , Fischer Gerhard , Cely R. Germán Eduardo
Published: March 2015

Since 1998, the Ain-Karim Vineyard has been growing different grape varieties for the production of high-altitude tropical wines in the municipality of Sutamarchan, located in the Alto Ricaurte region of Boyaca (Colombia). Pruning is used to limit the number and length of branches, generating a suitable balance between plant vigor and production; thereby, regulating fruit quantity and quality and ensuring reserves for the subsequent production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three pruning types (short = two buds on two spurs; long = five buds on three spurs and mixed = combination of short and long pruning types) on the fruit quality of V. vinifera, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc varieties. To accomplish this, a completely randomized two-factor design was used. Physicochemical variables of fruit quality (fresh cluster weight, water content, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), technical maturity index (TMI), and pH) were determined at harvest. The long pruning type presented the highest values for the fresh cluster weight and TSS of the fruits from both varieties and a higher TMI in the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the vineyard, long pruning is the most suitable.
Checklist of free-living marine nematodes from intertidal sites along the central west coast of India
Authors: Bhadury Punyasloke , Mondal Nityananda , Ansari Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul , Philip Priscilla , Pitale Reshma , Prasade Amruta , Nagale Pooja , Apte Deepak
Published: March 2015

The present study provides a checklist of free-living marine nematode species from nine intertidal sites located along the central west coast of India covering an area between latitudes 16°33′08.47″ N and 16°38′50.75″ N and longitudes 073°19′30.13″ E and 073°23′34.97″ E. The list includes 33 species of marine nematodes belonging to 20 genera and 13 families. The occurrence of nematode species identified appears to be correlated to character of the sediments across sampled intertidal sites. Ten families were encountered in sandy sites while in muddy sites the number was ten. Three families, namely Camacolaimidae, Ironidae, and Microlaimidae, were exclusive to the sandy sites, while Anoplostomatidae, Comesomatidae, and Linhomoeidae were only found across muddy sites. Some of the dominant free-living marine nematode groups encountered across all sites was represented by the genera Ptycholaimellus, Viscosia, Oncholaimus, Halalaimus, and species such as Sphaerolaimus balticus and Metachromadora suecica.
Notes on family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Authors: Engel Michael S.
Published: March 2015

Corrected authorships and dates are provided for four family-group names for bees based on previously unrecognized earlier usages that made them nomenclatorially available.  Sagemehl is newly recognized as the author of family-group names based on Dasypoda Latreille (Melittidae: Dasypodainae), Macropis Panzer (Melittidae: Macropidinae), and Hylaeus Fabricius (Colletidae: Hylaeinae), and Kawall as the author the family-group name based on Melitta Kirby, thereby taking precedence over the subsequent use of similar names by Börner, Robertson, Viereck, and Schenck, respectively.  In addition, descriptions are provided for three new family-group taxa; Dieunomiini Engel, new tribe (Halictidae: Nomiinae), Eremaphantina Engel, new subtribe (Melittidae: Hesperapini), and Tarsaliini Engel, new tribe (Apidae: Apinae); and one new genus-group taxon, Eremaphantella Engel, new subgenus.
Immigration and Continuing Inequalities in Maternity Outcomes: Time to Reexplore the Client–Provider Relationship?
Authors: Goodwin Laura , Hunter Billie , Jones Aled
Published: March 2015

The United Kingdom has seen a substantial rise in immigration over the past 10 years. This new population has a high percentage of women of childbearing age (Office for National Statistics, 2012b), consequently placing an increased demand on U.K. maternity services. Previous research suggests lower satisfaction and worse maternity outcomes for migrant and minority ethnic women both in the United Kingdom and abroad. Most papers exploring ethnic health inequalities have centered on causal factors such as differences in socioeconomic status and host country language ability. Health care policies to tackle inequalities in the United Kingdom, based on these assumptions, have had limited success. Consequently, alternative causal factors need to be explored. This article discusses ethnic inequalities in maternity outcomes in the United Kingdom and proposes that research exploring the client–provider relationship in migrant women’s maternity care could provide important new insights.
An Exploration of the Unmet Demand forHome Birth in Ireland
Authors: Kenny Eileen , OBoyle Colm
Published: March 2015

PURPOSE: The home birth rate in Ireland is less than 0.5%. There is no formal record of the demand for home birth; however, it is suggested that it exceeds availability by as much as tenfold. This study sought the experiences of women who had tried but were unsuccessful in securing a midwife-attended, planned home birth in Ireland in the years 2009–2013.

STUDY DESIGN: An online questionnaire was made available over an 8-week period in the summer of 2013.

RESULTS: Sixty-two women responded. Three main reasons were identified for refusal of home birth: “unsuitability for home birth,” “unavailability of a midwife,” and “distance from the midwife.” The Dublin regions’ high level of unmet demand is consistent with its high population density. December and other holiday periods were reported as particularly difficult times to access a midwife. Eighty percent of women eventually gave birth in a hospital setting, whereas 15% gave birth outside a hospital setting without a midwife in attendance. Five percent of women accessed a planned home birth elsewhere.

DISCUSSION: Online survey is a methodology that is unable to quantify unmet demand for home birth. This exploratory study has however confirmed the inequity of the home birth service, even for those fully eligible. The choice made by some multiparous women to birth at home unattended, even in the knowledge of risk criteria, is a concern and remains unaddressed by the Irish Health Service Executive.

CONCLUSION: Health Service Executive dependence on self-employed community midwives (SECMs) to deliver their “national” home birth service means that demand for home birth is greater than can be supplied. This research highlights the need for the inclusion of requests for home birth in their audit of services. Capacity building of community midwifery in Ireland is recommended, with recruitment and support of SECMs identified as a priority.
Midwifery Professional Relationships: Collaboration Across the Novice-to-Expert Continuum
Authors: Fullerton Judith T. , Ghérissi Atf
Published: March 2015

This article describes the types of helpful and supportive interactions or communication strategies that characterize the collaborative relationships in which a midwife can engage across the novice-to-expert continuum of professional development. Similarities and distinctions are drawn between the various terms describing types of collaboration and discussed with respect to the added value that each relationship can have for the individual and for the health care team. A conceptual depiction of the essential components of effective teamwork or collaboration is presented. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic nature of the process of developing and sustaining these relationships across the midwife’s professional lifetime.
Ultra-Small Graphitization Reactors for Ultra-Microscale 14C Analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility
Authors: Shah Walter Sunita R , Gagnon Alan R , Roberts Mark L , McNichol Ann P , Gaylord Mary C Lardie , Klein Elizabeth
Published: March 2015

In response to the increasing demand for 14C analysis of samples containing less than 25 μg C, ultra-small graphitization reactors with an internal volume of ∼0.8 mL were developed at NOSAMS. For samples containing 6 to 25 μg C, these reactors convert CO2 to graphitic carbon in approximately 30 min. Although we continue to refine reaction conditions to improve yield, the reactors produce graphite targets that are successfully measured by AMS. Graphite targets produced with the ultra-small reactors are measured by using the Cs sputter source on the CFAMS instrument at NOSAMS where beam current was proportional to sample mass. We investigated the contribution of blank carbon from the ultra-small reactors and estimate it to be 0.3 ± 0.1 μg C with an Fm value of 0.43 ± 0.3. We also describe equations for blank correction and propagation of error associated with this correction. With a few exceptions for samples in the range of 6 to 7 μg C, we show that corrected Fm values agree with expected Fm values within uncertainty for samples containing 6–100 μg C.
Relation between flower head traits and florivory in Asteraceae: A phylogenetically controlled approach
Authors: Oguro Michio , Sakai Satoki
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: While much research has examined the relation between leaf traits and herbivory, very little is known about the interaction between floral traits, particularly biochemical traits, and florivory. We investigated patterns between floral traits and florivory across multiple species using phylogenetic comparative approaches to enhance our understanding of the evolution of plant–florivore interactions.

• Methods: The relation between the intensity of florivory and five biochemical traits (concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, water, and total phenolics) and two morphological traits (diameter and number of flower heads) were investigated in wild individuals of 18 native species of Asteraceae. The phylogenetic signals in the morphological traits and intensity of florivory were also tested.

• Key results: We found that species with higher nitrogen, water, and total phenolics and lower phosphorus concentrations in the flower heads and species with a large number and diameter of flower heads tended to be attacked by florivores. In addition, we found significant phylogenetic signals in florivory and morphological traits.

• Conclusions: Our results clearly show that biochemical traits also play important roles in plant–florivore interactions, as previously shown in plant–leaf herbivore interactions. The positive relationship between florivory and total phenolics implies that phenolic compounds in flower heads may not act as a defense in the species. In addition, the observed pattern of signals in florivory might not be solely explained by the signals of the measured traits and other plant traits may also play significant roles in plant–florivore interaction in these species.
¿Cómo hacer la revolución? Los anarquistas y la crítica de la violencia insurreccional
Authors: Freán Hernández Óscar
Published: March 2015

Dans les années 1930, les anarchistes espagnols considéraient la révolution sociale comme une possibilité proche et réalisable. La crise du capitalisme et les difficultés du régime républicain renforçaient la conviction de ce rêve d’une nouvelle société communiste libertaire. Néanmoins, des désaccords surgirent au sein du mouvement anarchiste autour des façons d’accomplir cette révolution. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser l’une de ces dissensions, à savoir : celle liée au recours à la violence insurrectionnelle dans le cadre d’une stratégie de révolution imminente.
Las coaliciones de izquierdas en Francia y España (1899-1939)
Authors: Robles Egea Antonio
Published: March 2015

Les coalitions des gauches pratiquées par les républicains, radicaux, socialistes et communistes en France et en Espagne, pendant les quatre premières décennies du XXe siècle, constituent un exemple d'action politique pour la défense de la modernisation et de la démocratisation face aux attaques autoritaires des partis conservateurs et totalitaires. Ces coalitions reflètent la symbiose des classes ouvrières et populaires à travers les accords signés des organisations politiques qui les représentent. L'objectif majeur de la convergence mutuelle a été la création d'un modèle d'État démocratique et sociale.