bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Photoelectrochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Authors: Alpuche-Aviles Mario A , Fernando Ashantha , Parajuli Suman
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Design Principles for Artificial Photosynthetic Cells Across the pH Spectrum
Authors: Berger Alan , Modestino Miguel A. , Walczak Karl , Segalman Rachel A. , Newman John
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Re-Annealing Effect On the Structure and Photo-Electrochemical Character of the Annealed Hematite Nanorods Fabricated By Electrochemical Etching
Authors: Huang Mao-Chia , Wu Ching-Chen , Wang Tsing-Hai , Chang Wen-Sheng , Lin Jing-Chie , Lan Wei-Hsuan , Lee Yi-Cheng , Hsueh Kan-Lin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Curcumin-Ru Complex for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Vedarajan Raman , Morita Yuichiro , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Mixture of 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate and 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Iodide: A New Potential High Capacitance Electrolyte for Edlcs
Authors: Siinor Liis , Siimenson Carolin , Lust Karmen , Lust Enn
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Amperometric Gas Sensors With Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Carter Michael T , Stetter Joseph R , Findlay Melvin W , Patel Vinay
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Potential Dependent Structures At Pt(111) Single Crystal Electrode/Perchloric Acid Electrolyte Interface Studied By Surface X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Kondo Toshihoro , Uosaki K. , Aoki Nana , Masuda Takuya
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Green-Sensitive Organic Photodetector With High Spectral Sensitivity for Image Sensor Application
Authors: Lee Kwang-Hee , Leem Dong-Seok , Jung Changhoon , Park Kyung-Bae , Lim Seon-Jeong , Bulliard Xavier , Kim Kyu-Sik , Jin Yong Wan , Lee Sangyoon , Park Soo Young
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Supermolecule Functionalized Graphene and Application in Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Diao Guowang , Chen Ming
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Voltammetric Glucose Sensor Using POLY(2,5 DIMETHOXY ANILINE) As A Polymer Support
Authors: Balakrishnan Prabhuraj , Chinnaiah Sivakumar
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Glucose Detection At Films Composed of Ir Oxide Nanoparticles On Carbon Supports
Authors: Campbell Holly Bri , Birss Viola
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemically Actuated, Screen Printed, Capillarity-Driven Microsystems for Food Safety and Clinical Analysis
Authors: Molina Sonia , Washe Alemayehu , Msehli Oumaya , Teixeira-Dias Bruno , Katakis Ioanis
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Development of a Bifunctional Pt/Au Platform Microelectrode Modified With Glucose Oxidase for Glucose Determination
Authors: Dadamos Tony Rogerio Lima , Sgobbi Livia Florio , Machado Sergio Antonio Spinola
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Investigation of Transport/Insertion Processes in Mixed and Ionic Conducting Thin Films By Ac Electrogravimetry
Authors: To Loan Kim , Sel Ozlem , Gabrielli Claude , Perrot Hubert
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Carbon Nanotube Coated Paper Sensor for Damage Diagnosis Using Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Kim Beomseok , Lu Yijiang , Kim Taemin , Han Jin-woo , Meyyappan Meyya , Li Jing
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Study of Pickling and Over-Pickling Mechanisms of Silicon High Alloyed Steel Grade By Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Mouyad Amine Alaoui , Orazem Mark E. , Sutter Eliane , Tribollet Bernard , Koltsov Alexey
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Development of Novel Routes for Surface Functionalisation With Diazonium Derivatives and Their Application in Electrochemical Genosensing
Authors: O Sullivan Ciara
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Characterization of Tau Protein Films On Surfaces
Authors: Martic Sanela , Trzeciakiewicz Hanna
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Blue Light Excitable Red-Emitting Oxide Phosphor
Authors: Toda Kenji , Kim Sun Woog , Hasegawa Takuya , Uematsu Kazuyoshi , Ishigaki Tadashi , Sato Mineo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis of Green-Emitting La2O2s:Tb3+ Phosphors By Two-Step Flux Method
Authors: Kim Sun Woog , Abe Takeshi , Seki Kohei , Toda Kenji , Uematsu Kazuyoshi , Ishigaki Tadashi , Sato Mineo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Photoluminescence of Li+ and Eu3+ Co-Doped Nala (WO4)2 As Near-UV Excited Red Phosphors
Authors: Liu Ying , Gu Ying Ying , Lu Zhou Guang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Mixed Electron and Lithium Ion Conduction in Nanocrystal-Polymer Composites for Electrochromic Applications
Authors: Runnerstrom Evan , Garcia Guillermo , Buonsanti Raffaella , Llordes Anna , Helms Brett A. , Milliron Delia J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Thermal Quenching in II-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals: What Causes It and How to Eliminate It
Authors: Kelley David F. , Cai Xichen , Gong Ke , Martin James E. , Rohwer Lauren Shea
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A Comparison of Excitation and Emission Properties of Pr-Doped. LiNbO3, CaNbO3, and CaTiO3
Authors: Collins John , Tsehay Johannes , Velupillai Shereen
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Battery Analysis Using in Situ Synchrotron, Neutron and NMR Methods
Authors: Arai Hajime , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Ogumi Zempachi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Titanium Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Beck Faith , Zhi Mingjia , Dontigny Martin , Vediappan Kumaran , Zaghib Karim , Manivannan Ayyakkannu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Surface Area Carbon Electrodes for the Bromine Reactions in H2-Br2 fuel Cells
Authors: Yarlagadda Venkata , Nguyen Trung Van
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Sensitivity Analysis of Impedance Characteristics of a Laminar Flow-Based Fuel Cell
Authors: Rezaei Niya Seyed Mohammad , Barry Paul , Hoorfar Mina
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effect of Oxidation States of Vanadium in V-N-C Based Non-Precious Metal Catalyst for Fuel Cells in Acidic Medium
Authors: Sheelam Anjaiah , Ramanujam Kothandaraman
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Surface Nickel-Based Air Electrode for Rechargeable Alkaline Metal-Air Batteries
Authors: Bueker Florian
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Power Low Temperature 3-D Bilayer Nanostructured Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: An Jihwan , Kim Young-Beom , Gur T. , Prinz Fritz B.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
An Automated Electrochemical Immunosensing System for Detection of Cortisol At Point-of-Care (POC)
Authors: Bhansali Shekhar
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Distinguished Invited Speaker--Patch Type Glucose Sensor for Low-Invasive Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Yasuzawa Mikito , Sato Shinya , Edagawa Kazuaki
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Screening of Peptides for Targeting CD13
Authors: Martic Sanela , Kaur Kamaljit , Soudy Rania
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote--Review of Polymer Magnetic Nanocomposites for Microfluidics Applications
Authors: Gray Bonnie L.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Sm-Co Thick Films Micromolding
Authors: Moulin Johan , Woytasik Marion , Belghiti Dounia , Chouarbi Katia
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Distinguished Invited Speaker--Capillary-Based Assay for Cardiac Markers With Cantilever Platform
Authors: Gunda Naga Siva , Mitra Sushanta
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Complementary RNA-Based Biosensors for Rapid Detection of RNAs Derived From a Single Pathogenic Bacterial Cell
Authors: Wower Jacek , Wower Iwona Katarzyna , Zwieb Christian
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Lytic Phage for Foodborne Pathogens Detection
Authors: Sorokulova Iryna , Olsen Eric , Globa Ludmila , Barbaree James M , Vodyanoy Vitaly
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Rock-Salt Type Li2TiS3 As New Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium-Metal Sulfides Secondary Batteries
Authors: Sakuda Atsushi , Takeuchi Tomonari , Okamura Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Hironori , Sakaebe Hikari , Tatsumi Kuniaki , Ogumi Zempachi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Hydroxylated Graphene-Sulfur Nanocomposites for High-Rate Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zu Chenxi , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
In-Operando Transmission X-Ray Microscopy Study On Dynamics of Sulfur Dissolution and Re-Deposition in Li-S Battery
Authors: Wu Nae-Lih , Lin Chia-Nan , Chen Wen-Chin , Song Yen-Fang , Tsai Li-Duan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Rechargeable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries With Binder-Free Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Fu Yongzhu , Su Yu-Sheng , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Investigation of Rechargeable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries By in-Situ Techniques
Authors: Cañas Natalia Andrea , Friedrich K.Andreas , Wagner Norbert , Pascucci Brigitta , Hiesgen Renate
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Characterizations of Na2FeP2O7 As An Aqueous Sodium-Ion Battery Electrode
Authors: Jung Young Hwa , Lim Chek Hai , Kim Do Kyung
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Flower-Like K0.27MnO2 As Cathode Materials for High-Performance Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Qiao Yun , Zhang Wuxing , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemically-Driven Transition of Crystallization Morphologies in Li-O2 Batteries
Authors: Horstmann Birger , Mitchell Robert R. , Gallant Betar M. , Latz Arnulf , Bessler Wolfgang G. , Shao-Horn Yang , Bazant Martin Z.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Sidorenkite (Na3MnPO4CO3), a New Intercalation Cathode Material for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Hailong , Hao Qing , Zivkovic Olivera , Hautier Geoffroy , Du Lin-Shu , Tang Yuanzhi , Hu Yan-Yan , Ma Xiaohua , Grey Clare P. , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Toward Efficiently Rechargeable Li-O2 Batteries Utilizing Lithium Nitrate Based Electrolytes
Authors: Walker Wesley Thomas , Giordani Vincent , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S , Uddin Jasim , Chase Gregory V , Addison Dan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Investigation of Redox-Active Organic Molecules for Non-Aqueous Flow Batteries
Authors: Brushett Fikile
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A Possible Way of Utilizing a Polyvalent Metal As a Negative Electrode of Storage Battery
Authors: Shirai Yoshimasa , Ichitsubo Tetsu , Yagi Shunsuke , Yanai Shingo , Doi Takayuki , Matsubara Eiichiro
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Microelectrode Investigations of Oxygen Reduction Reactions in Lithium-Air Batteries
Authors: Gunasekara Iromie , Mukerjee Sanjeev , Abraham K.M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Coated Lithium Powder (CLiP) Electrodes for Lithium-Air Cells
Authors: Heine Jennifer , Bieker Peter , Hartnig Christoph , Wietelmann Ulrich , Winter Martin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Palladium Nanoparticles As Catalysts for Li-O2 battery Cathodes
Authors: Geaney Hugh , Collins Gillian , Glynn Colm , Holmes Justin D , O'Dwyer Colm
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrolytes for Mg-Secondary Batteries Based On Emimcl Ionic Liquid, AlCl3 and δ-MgCl2
Authors: Bertasi Federico , Negro Enrico , Vezzù Keti , Lavina Sandra , Pace Giuseppe , Di Noto Vito
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fabrication of Ether-Based Electrolyte Solutions for Mg-Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Abe Takeshi , Miyazaki Kohei , Fukutsuka Tomokazu , Nishio Koji , Uchimoto Yoshiharu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Analysis of Polysulfide Shuttle Currents in Lithium-Sulfur Cells
Authors: Moy Derek , Manivannan Ayyakkannu , Narayanan S. R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Lisicon-Type Magnesium Iron Silicate As Cathode Material for Magnesium Ion Batteries
Authors: Masese Titus , Orikasa Yuki , Yamamoto Kentaro , Mori Takuya , Okado Tetsuya , Huang Zhen-Dong , Minato Taketoshi , Kim Jungeun , Tassel Cedric , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi , Uchimoto Yoshiharu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Spinel-Type Mg Complex Oxides As Positive Electrode Active Materials for Mg Batteries
Authors: Ichikawa Yuya , Yagi Shunsuke , Ichitsubo Tetsu , Matsubara Eiichiro
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Performance Zn-Based Batteries Using 3D Monolithic Sponge Anodes
Authors: Parker Joseph F. , Chervin Christopher N. , Nelson Eric S. , Rolison Debra R , Long Jeffrey W.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Experimental Considerations Involving Aluminum and Beryllium Battery Development
Authors: Rogosic John , Sadoway Donald R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
MnO2 - Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Ghodbane Ouassim , Louro Melanie , Coustan Laura , Patru Alexandra , Favier Frederic
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Characterization of Vanadium Oxide Nanotube Electrode Material for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Wei Yiying , Wang Guoxiu , Zhu Jianguo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Time-Resolved Ion Dynamics in Carbon Supercapacitor Electrodes Using In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Richey Francis W , Dyatkin Boris , Gogotsi Yury , Elabd Yossef A
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
On the Development of Activated Carbons With High Affinity for Ionic Liquids Based Electrolytes
Authors: Ramirez-Castro Claudia , Schütter Christoph , Passerini Stefano , Balducci Andrea
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Investigation of High Energy Density Anode Materials Based on Sio-Sncoc in Full Cell Configuration
Authors: Abouimrane Ali , Liu Bo , Amine Khalil
Published: February 2020

State-of-the-art lithium ion battery technology is being developed for large scale applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). For this purpose, lithium ion batteries must have long term cycling performance with high capacity. The graphite which is currently used as an anode material has a capacity of about 372 mAhg-1 where lithium forms graphite intercalation compounds LiC6 with excellent reversibility. Ongoing research efforts have focused on utilizing various materials (oxides, alloys, tin, silicon) to increase battery capacity, cycle life, and charge-discharge rates. Attention has been recently given to the potential of metal oxide anodes for lithium-ion batteries because of their low price and their high theoretical capacities (more than 600 mAhg-1). However, these anode materials suffer from their poor cycleability due to the volume expansion of the lithiated material. New materials based on the mixture of MaOb oxides (M: Si, Sn, Mo, Ge) and SnxCoyCz alloys were prepared and tested as anodes for lithium batteries. In the MaOb - SnxCoyCz composite, SnxCoyCz will play the role of buffer for MaOb anode and improve its cyleability and MaOb will provide more capacity. In full cell configuration, this study will focus on the cheapest SiO- SnxCoyCz system. We used ultra-high energy ball milling (UHEM) methods to prepare SiO-Sn30Co30C40 anode materials. This anode material is tested in full cell configuration using the 5V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel, NMC and ANL-NMC materials. The results of these investigations will be presented.

The submitted abstract has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Optimization of the Cathode Microstructure in Lithium Air Batteries through Multiscale Physical Modeling
Authors: Xue Kan-Hao , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: February 2020

The performance of lithium air battery depends not only on the proper choice of cathode and electrolyte materials [1], but also on the geometric and microstructural optimization of the cathode. Physical modeling and numerical simulation afford straightforward ways to investigate possible schemes for performance improvement [2]. Here we report the galvanostatic discharge simulation results of several techniques: (i) a bi-layer cathode consisting of a high specific surface area porous material (e.g. Ketjen black carbon) and a large average pore radius porous material (e.g. Super P carbon); (ii) gradient of porosity across the cathode thickness, where the porosity varies linearly from the separator to the air inlet. In case (i), either the high specific surface material or the large pore radius material is arranged near the air inlet. The performance of the cell mainly depends on the cathode material near the air inlet. In case (ii), allocating larger porosity near the air inlet leads to both a higher cell voltage and a larger discharge capacity. Finally, we propose to insert a porous polymer "oxygen diffusion channel" into the active cathode materials. This channel is free of pore choking, since it is inactive in oxygen reduction reaction due to the absence of conduction electrons. Hence, a compromise may be reached between high surface area and smooth oxygen flow. The possible benefits and drawbacks of this scheme are discussed.

[1] M. M. O. Thotiyl, S. A. Freunberger, Z. Peng, Y. Chen, Z. Liu, and P. G. Bruce, Nat. Mater. 12(11), 1050 (2013).

[2] A. A. Franco and K.-H. Xue, ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2(10), M3084 (2013).
Fe Incorporated Near-Amorphous Mn Oxide for Mg Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Chang Won-seok , Kim Jusik , Lee Jaemyung , Lee Seoksoo , Ryu Young-gyoon , Doo Seokgwang
Published: February 2020

The researches toward more efficient, cost-effective and environmentally benign energy materials have been accelerated with successful utilization of Li ion battery technology to consumer electronics. Mg has been suggested as one of strong candidates due to several reasons. It is more abundant on Earth and safer than Li since it does not form the dendrites. Since the reversible behavior of Mg in the Grignard agents was revealed by Aurbach et. al..1 Many research groups have reported studies with various cathode materials with specific crystal structure such as Chevrel structure.2,3

In this study, Fe incorporated Mn oxide was synthesized via simple cost-effective co-precipitation method. Unlike the preceded studies, crystalline nature of the obtained material was near-amorphous. As given in Figure 1(a), every sample synthesized via co-precipitation method exhibited an amorphous nature. For optimization of electrochemical performance, Fe addition amount was controlled from 0.1 M to 0.3 M. Each sample was galvanostatically cycled from 1 V to 4 V vs. Mg in 0.5 M Mg(ClO4)2in propylene carbonate.

Figure 1(b) shows the voltage profile at 1st cycle of no Fe contained, 0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.3 M added sample. The capacity of 0.3 M added Fe (Best result) increased 33% with 91% coulombic efficiency compared to no Fe added oxide. Also, the charging potential showed a difference of 0.23V between no Fe added and 0.3 M Fe added sample. It is attributed to the pillar effect4 which supports the oxide structure during cycling.

References

1. D. Aurbach, Z. Lu, A. Schechter, Y. Gofer, H.

Gizbar, R. Turgeman, Y. Cohen, M. Moshkovich

and E. Levi, Nature
407, 724-727 (2000)

2. E. Levi, G. Gershinsky, D. Aurbach, O. Isnard and G. Ceder, Chem. Mater.
21, 1390-1399 (2009)

3. Eli Lancry, E. Levi, Y. Gofer, M. D. Levi, D. Aurbach, J. Solid State Electrochem.
9, 259-266 (2005)

4. H. Liu, Q. Cao, L. J. Fu, C. Li, Y. P. Wu, H. Q. Wu, Electrochem. Comm.
8, 1553-1557 (2006)
Model Based Optimal Control Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries -Theoretical Analysis of Performance Gains
Authors: Suthar Bharatkumar , Northrop Paul W. C. , Santhanagopalan Shriram , Subramanian Venkat R.
Published: February 2020

Battery Management Systems (BMS) monitor and control the energy flow of a battery in such a way that the energy is used optimally, while preventing damage and ensuring overall safety (1). For the BMS to function efficiently it is necessary to have knowledge of the internal states of the battery, which can be described by: the State-of-Charge (SoC), the State-of-Health (SoH) and the remaining runtime (tr). The accurate determination of these above mentioned parameters are critical for the optimal use of batteries and helps avoid over-engineered batteries.

Physics-based models (2, 3) that incorporate most of the transport and kinetic phenomena affecting the internal states of a lithium ion battery are in the form of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). While these models are accurate in terms of prediction capability, they cannot be employed for online control and monitoring purposes due to their huge computational expense. The reformulated model (4) is capable of predicting the internal states of battery with simulation times in the order of milliseconds without compromising on accuracy for the entire discharge period. This talk will demonstrate the use of the reformulated model for control-relevant real-time applications. Experiments will be performed at wide range of temperature (-170 C to +300 C) to obtain thermal dependence of transport and kinetics parameters. An experimentally validated, reformulated pseudo two dimensional model (4) will be used to derive optimal charging profiles at different temperatures.

Control strategies based on both (1) charging current alone with temperature as a constraint and (2) charging current and temperature/heat flux as a control will be analyzed aiming to quantify performance gains from the model based control strategies.

Acknowledgements

The work presented herein was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0000275.

References

1. V. Pop, H. J. Bergveld, D. Danilov, P. P. L. Regtien and P. H. L. Notten, Battery management systems: accurate state-of-charge indication for battery powered applications, Springer Verlag (2008).

2. M. Doyle, T. F. Fuller and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, 1526 (1993).

3. T. F. Fuller, M. Doyle and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc., 141, 1 (1994).

4. P. W. C. Northrop, V. Ramadesigan, S. De and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158, A1461 (2011).
Fundamental Limitations on Fast Charging of Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ji Yan , Wang Chao-Yang
Published: February 2020

Long charging time has been a major hurdle of battery-powered electric vehicles (EV). Compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles whose fuel tank can be filled up in less than 5 minutes, EV requires hours to get a full recharge.

A few attempts on reducing charging time of Li-ion batteries have been made in the literature. Notten et al.1 suggested that batteries be charged with very high currents for a short period of time, followed by CC-CV protocol. Purushothaman and Landau2 used pulse-charging sequences. Both their works end up with reduced charging time. However, it is still not clear as to, what the fundamental principles underlying fast charging are, what the fastest charging protocol should be, what the fundamental limits on charging time are, and what the most effective optimizations in cell design and material selection are to enable fast charging.

This study aims to shed light on the above questions as well as to reduce the charging time of Li-ion batteries by means of: (1) charging protocol development, (2) cell design and material optimization. Li-ion cell behaviors are simulated by using a one-dimensional electrochemical-thermal (ECT) model, which has been validated against 18650 cells over a wide range of rates and temperatures.3

A new protocol CC-CS (const current – const stoich) has been proposed based on analysis of experimental data. Large charging current is employed during CC period until graphite particle surface stoich reaches a threshold level, above which permanent capacity loss might be induced. The fastest charging protocol is to maintain the surface stoich at that threshold level without incurring lithium plating. As shown in Figure 1, the CC-CS protocol takes less time than the traditional CC-CV method, and also avoids Li plating.

On cell design and material optimization, the rate-limiting mechanisms for fast charging are identified by both theoretical analysis and modeling parameter studies. It is found that solid phase diffusion and electrode transport are the two limitations. More importantly, this study also illustrates how these limitations are related to cell design parameters and material transport properties quantitatively. By alleviating these limitations, charging can be reduced to within 5 minutes, comparable to the time of refilling a fuel tank in gasoline vehicles.

Acknowledgements

Support of this work by DOE CAEBAT project awarded to EC Power and industrial collaborators of ECEC is greatly acknowledged.

References

1. P. H. L. Notten, J. H. G. O. H. Veld and J. R. G. van Beek, J Power Sources, 145, 89 (2005).

2. B. K. Purushothaman and U. Landau, J Electrochem Soc, 153, A533 (2006).

3. Y. Ji, Y. C. Zhang and C. Y. Wang, J Electrochem Soc, 160, A636 (2013).
Simulating Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Graphite/LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode Cells
Authors: Jaini Rajiv , Fuller Thomas F.
Published: February 2020

Electrochemical systems have been studied extensively by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Most often, EIS spectra are analyzed with equivalent electrical circuit models. These models combine a preexisting set of electrical components (resistors, capacitors, and constant phase elements) in series and parallel arrangements. It is generally possible to get a good fit between the model and experimental data, but the correspondence between the physical processes in the cell and the circuit elements is sometimes unconvincing.

In this work, we apply a physics-based numerical approach that mimics the process used in some frequency response analyzers (FRA). This FRA method is applied to the dual insertion cell model of Fuller et al.’s [1, 2] and incorporates expressions that describe the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). A schematic of the FRA implementation is shown in Figure 1.

The model can be used to simulate electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by applying a sinusoidal current waveform of frequency, f, and integrating the potential response over an integer number of cycles, N. Impedance can be calculated from the attached equations [3].

EIS data were experimentally measured for LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(NCA), half cells and full cells, at different states of charge (SOC). A representative Nyquist plot is shown for an NCA half cell at 25 °C in Figure 2.

Simulation results are compared to experimentally obtained spectra and elucidate the physical processes that lead to distinct semicircles in the EIS spectra. The model proves to be useful in gaining insight on battery life by relating capacity fade, cycling, and state of charge at open circuit voltage conditions.

REFERENCES

[1] Fuller TF, Doyle M, Newman J. Simulation and optimization of the dual lithium ion insertion cell. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 1994;141:1-10.

[2] Spotnitz R. Simulation of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 2003;113:72-80.

[3] Setzler BP, Fuller TF. Investigation of Transport Phenomena in PEMFC Through 1-D Macro-Homogeneous Model. ECS Transactions. 2013;58:95-107.
Advanced Planar Li/S Batteries Based on Solid Electrolyte Separators
Authors: Zhao Feng
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable Li/S batteries have been considered as a prime candidate for powering electric vehicles since the high theoretical capacities of sulfur (i.e., 1,672 mAh/g) and lithium (i.e., 3,861 mAh/g) can enable packaged Li/S cells with two or three times higher energy densities than those of Li-ion batteries. However, the sluggish cathode reactions involving resistant sulfur materials and shuttling of dissolved intermediate polysulfides during cycling result in low capacities (< 1,000 mAh/g) and short cycle life (< 300 cycles).To overcome these formidable challenges, we propose to develop a planar Li/S battery, utilizing a Li-ion conducting ceramic membrane, which can eliminate the issues facing current Li/S batteries and achieve an unprecedented level of cell performance for practical applications.

The presentation provides an overview and progress status on the development of Li/S battery technology.
Direct Growth of RuO2 Nano-Architectures on Current Collectors and Their Improved Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Meda Lamartine , Navulla Anantharamulu
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion batteries have application in wide range of portable devices like cell phones, portable computers, camcorders, I-pods, peristaltic pumps, heart assist devices, oil and gas pipeline robots, seismic survey sensors, tactical communication radios and thermal imaging equipment, and satellite power sources.1,2 They are now projected to automotive industry for electric vehicles (EV’s) and hybrid electric vehicles.3 The common electrode materials of conventional lithium ion batteries are graphite (anode), and LiCoO2 or LiFePO4 (cathode). They have certain limitations such as low capacities, safety issues and cost which hinder their applications.2

RuO2 plays an important role in the family of metal oxides because of its interesting properties such as metallic conductivity, high chemical and thermal stability, catalytic activities, electrochemical redox properties, and field emitting behavior.4 It is one of the most successful electrode material for supercapacitors because of its wide potential window of highly reversible redox reactions, remarkably high specific capacitance, and a very long cycle life.5 In this material, conversion reaction using nanoparticles is also possible and high capacity of 1130 mAh g-1, corresponds to the storage of 5.6 moles of Li ions per mole of RuO2 and high coulombic efficiency (98%) has been observed.6But the material can withstand up to only three cycles due to a large volume expansion.

We have improved the cycle life performance of RuO2 by directly depositing the material on stainless steel current collectors via low pressure chemical vapor deposition. RuO2 nano-architectures were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. Galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments were performed versus lithium metal in the voltage range 4 - 0.1V. As deposited RuO2 nano-architectures were cycled well over 20 cycles at high capacity beyond the theoretical limit of 806 mAh g-1(Fig. 1). The origin of the extra capacity will be discussed.

Acknowledgements:This work was supported by NSF PREM Award Number DMR-0934111 and NSF-EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement No EPS-1003897

References:

[1]. J.-M. Tarascon, M. Armand. Nature
2001, 414, 359-367.

[2]. A. Manthiram. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 176–184.

[3]. J.-M. Tarascon, N. Recham, M. Armand, J.-N. Chotard, P. Barpanda, W. Walker, L. Dupont. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 724–739.

[4]. X. Wang, R. G. Gordon. Cryst. Growth Des. 2013, 13, 1316−1321 and references therein.

[5]. V. D. Patake, C. D. Lokhande, O.-S. Joo. Applied Surface Science
2009, 255, 4192–4196.

[6] P. Balaya, H. Li, L. Kienle, J. Maier. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 621-625.
Aging Investigations of Various Electrolytes By Means of IC/ESI-MS and CE/ESI-MS
Authors: Pyschik Marcelina , Naber Verena , Passerini Stefano , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are already state of the art energy sources for portable electronic devices like mobile phones and laptops. The most important disadvantage of LIBs is the aging of the cell constituents, which minimizes the storage and the cycle lifetime. Reduction, oxidation and chemical degradation of solvents, conductive salts and additives, have a major negative influence on capacity and lifetime. [1-3]

In this work, the thermal decomposition products of electrolytes containing the widely used lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) as a conducting salt are investigated by two different developed separation methods: Ion Chromatography (IC) (see Figure 1) and Capillary Electrophorese (CE). Both separation methods are coupled by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer (ESI-MS) identifying developed decomposition products. In Figure 1, some decomposition products of LiPF6 are presented: hydrofluoric acid (HF) and difluorophosphate (PO2F2
-) [4]. We introduced the measurement method CE/ESI-MS for electrolytes to confirm the decomposition products of the already developed IC/ESI-MS method. Beyond that, CE has the advantage that only small amounts (nL range) of electrolytes for injection are required and that it is possible to measure cations and anions in the same measurement.

Most commercial available electrolytes in LIBs are based on organic solvents, there they are easily flammable and a safety risk for people and the environment in case of accident. Ionic liquids (ILs) are discussed as future electrolytes in LIBs because of theirs advantageous physical properties like non-flammability and non-volatility.[5]For the application in future LIBs, it is important to gain more information about their thermal stability and the influence of lithium salts to the aging process of ILs.

Therefore, the effect of electrolyte salts like LiPF6 on the thermal decomposition of ILs is measured as well by our developed CE/ESI-MS and the new IC/ESI-MS methods. In Figure 2, the decomposition products of the ILs PYR13FSI and PYR13TFSI mixed with LiPF6 are illustrated. It is obvious that PYR13TFSI did not show any degradation products mixed with LiPF6, while PYR13FSI showed the following decomposition products: SO3F- and H2NO3S-.

References

[1] S.S. Zhang, J. Power Sources
2006
162, 1379-1394.

[2] H.F. Xiang et al., J. Power Sources
2009
191, 575-581.

[3] S.E. Sloop et al., J. Power Sources
2003
119-121, 330-337.

[4] L. Terborg et al., Anal.
Chim. Acta, 2011, 714, 121-126.

[5] G.B. Appetecchi et al., J. Power Sources, 2006, 153, 1685-1691.
Flexible Nanowire Devices Fabricated Using Template Controlled Electrodeposition of Nanowires with High Density and Aspect-Ratio
Authors: Xu Cheng , Liu Jie , Zhao Yang , Chen Shikai
Published: February 2020

Nanowire-based devices have gained tremendous interest because of their potential in fabricating devices with ultra-high energy conversion and storage, such as photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, capacitors, batteries, spintronics, and piezoelectrics. Since the device performance is often directly proportional to the active surface area, fabricating vertically aligned nanowire arrays with high density and aspect ratio is important to maximize their efficiencies beyond the current limit. More importantly, many of these devices require substrates with specific properties of flexibility, transparency, and light weight. Thus, the key challenge lying ahead is not only to improve methods to maximize surface area of nanowires but also fabricate them onto a desired substrate. Currently, researchers have not been able to produce nanowire devices with maximum density. Many methods struggle with difficulties in obtaining catalytic seeds with small diameter and maintaining nanowires with small diameter during growth due to the high surface energy associated with substrates. While templated approaches provide an excellent way of demonstrating nanowire density control, it is difficult to form and remove the back electrode and integrate these nanowires into useful devices. In this study, we focused on using the porous anodized alumina oxide (AAO) as a template for nanowire deposition and then transferring the vertically aligned nanostructure onto a transparent flexible substrate. AAO provides maximum density with its closely-packed hexagonal pore arrangement and, by carefully tuning the experimental conditions, the pore diameter and interpore distance can be precisely controlled. To demonstrate the transfer process, nanowires with various dimensions and materials, including Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, and ZnO, were fabricated using electrodeposition. These embedded nanowires were then lifted off and transferred onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. During the AAO etching and drying process, an electrostatic repulsion (ESR) technique was applied to prevent aggregation and keep the nanowires vertically aligned. The current-voltage (IV) response before and after nanowire transfer were measured and compared to demonstrate the efficiency of the transfer process. As a result, nanowires were fabricated on a flexible substrate with densities and aspect-ratios of 1011/cm3 and 1000:1, respectively. This technique provides a new route of fabricating large-scale, cost-effective flexible optoelectronic devices.

Keywords: Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), ZnO nanowires, solar cell, alumina template, electrodeposition, flexible electronics
Time Resolved Study on Fabrication of Porous Alumina for Further Use to Generate Metallic Nano Catalyst
Authors: Hussain Tajamal , Shah Asma Tufail , Mujahid Adnan , Nisa Zaib un , Shehzad Khurram
Published: February 2020

Porous anodic alumina (PAA) is one of the important nanostructured materials. This has gained exposure recently for applications in gas separation[1], drug delivery[2], bone fixation [3] and as a template for formation of nanostructures [4]. Anodic porous alumina is formed by the anodization of Aluminum, which is a self-organized material, to get a layer of nanoporous oxide [5]. This porous anodic aluminum (PAA) membrane consists of a ordered hexagonal arrangement of cells with a central pore per cell that elongates from top to bottom of the layer, resembling a honeycomb [6]. These pores are used as template for synthesis of 1dimensional (1D) nanostructure and hence the degree of ordering of these cell arrangements plays an important role in the homogeneity of the resulting nanomaterials.

Present work focuses on study of anodization as function of time, to see the trend in pore size, pore density and degree of ordering of Anodized Aluminum oxide (PAA) membrane. Proper selection of anodization time and phases allow the tuning of self-ordering regime, control of local catastrophic phenomena and achievement of a more uniform growth. Afterward, self-assembled template has been used for the synthesis of novel ID nanostructure of tungsten trioxide by electroless deposition method. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images depict uniform arrangment of tungsten trioxide nanowire. Internal diameter of formed nanowires is around 50 nm similar to porous diameter of PAA templates. Furthermore XRD patterns of nanowire indicate the presence of two crystalline forms of WO3 i.e. monoclinic and orthorhombic.

References

1. G. Gorokh, A. Mozalev, D. Solovei, V. Khatko, E. Llobet, X. Correig, Electrochimica Acta
52 1771 (2006).

2. H. J. Kang, D.J. Kim, S.-J. Park, J.-B. Yoo, Y.S. Ryu, Thin Solid Films
515 5184 (2007).

3. E.P. Briggs, A.R. Walpole, P.R. Wilshaw, M. Karlsson, E. Pålsgård, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
15 1021 (2004).

4. K. Nielsch, J. Choi, K. Schwirn, R.B. Wehrspohn, U. Gösele, Nano Letters
2 677 (2002).

5. W.Chen, J.H. Yuan, X.H. Xia, Analytical Chemistry
77 8102 (2005).

6. H. Masuda, K. Fukuda, Science
268 1466 (1995).
Effects of Barrier Layer Thinning and Pore Opening on Nanowire Growth in Nanoporous Aluminum Oxide Templates
Authors: Wong Justin C. , Bryan Evan , Ziegler Kirk J
Published: February 2020

Nanowires have garnered much interest in recent years for their potential in increasing performance of devices, such as solar cells, thermoelectrics, batteries, and piezoelectrics. Many methods exist for the fabrication of nanowires, but one of the most promising methods is the use of nanoporous aluminum oxide templates due to its extremely high density and self-ordering through a hexagonal close packed structure. However, fabricating uniform arrays of nanowires in contact with a conductive substrate still remains a challenge. A vital step in the process is removal of the barrier layer between the pore and the underlying substrate. This step is needed to establish direct contact from the pores to the substrate. The objective is to remove the barrier without sacrificing the pore walls. Several methods exist for barrier layer thinning, including stepping down the anodization voltage or ramping down the applied current. However, the thinning method will influence the outcome of the pore opening, which is the second and final step in creating direct contact between the pore and substrate. Here, different barrier layer thinning techniques will be discussed and their effect on the pore opening process examined. Both step-down voltage and ramped current methods were used to understand the barrier layer thinning process. These results were correlated to the amount of pore opening achieved, measured through a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. Finally, nanowires were grown within these aluminum oxide templates to study the effects of different barrier layer thinning and pore opening techniques on nanowire growth and uniformity. This research provides a comprehensive approach towards fabricating uniform, high-density nanowire arrays.
Research on a Crystalline Oxide Film on Ti-Ta Alloy By Anodic Oxidation and Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Ou Shih-Fu , Ou Keng-Liang
Published: February 2020

Ti-Ta alloys, having low Young’s modulus and high corrosion resistance1, are expected to be candidates for dental and orthopaedic implants. However, for implant applications, the surface properties of Ti-Ta alloys are needed to be more bioacitve. Anodic oxidation is an efficient surface treatment to modify Ti surfaces because it changes the chemical and physical characteristics of Ti surfaces. According to the report by Sul et al.2, an anodically oxidized Ti implant shows a strong response to bone because it surface incorporates P. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to fabricate a P-rich oxide on Ti-Ta alloys by anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment.

In this study, Ti-50Ta plates (ϕ10×1 mm) were abraded to grade 800 silicon carbon paper. Then, the abraded samples were washed with acetone for 5 min followed by ethanol for 3 min in an ultrasonic cleaner, and finally dried at room temperature. Anodic oxidation of Ti-50Ta samples were performed in 30% phosphate acid solution. A high-density graphite plate was used as the cathode. The Ti-50Ta samples were galvanostatically anodized at a constant current density of 50 mA/cm2 up to 300 V for 2 min using a direct current power supply. After anodic oxidation, the samples were washed with distilled water and the dries at room temperature. The anodically oxidized samples were hydrothermally treated in a 500 ml Teflon autoclave containing 50% distilled water as a reaction reagent. The samples were treated at 200 ℃ for 6 h.

Results show that after anodic oxidation, an oxide film with rough surface formed on a Ti-50Ta plate. A typical morphology, craters on the surface of oxide film, was observed and it is attributed to sparking occur on the surface. After hydrothermal treatment, crystals with size of ~100 nm formed on the anodic oxide film were observed in Fig. 1. These nano-crystals were suggested as P-O compounds. Sul et al. demonstrated that P-incorporated anodically treated films on Ti implants imparted much stronger bonding with bones than mechanically turned Ti implants. Consequently, this P-rich surface on Ti-Ta alloy is expected to possess a good biological ability.

References

1. D. Mareci, R. Chelariu, D.-M. Gordin, G. Ungureanu, T. Gloriant, Comparative corrosion study of Ti–Ta alloys for dental applications. Acta Biomaterial 2009; 5:3625-3639.

2. Y.T. Sul, C.B. Johansson, Y. Kang, D.G. Jeon, T. Albrektsson, Bone reactions to oxidized titanium implants with electrochemical anion sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid incorporation. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 2002;4(2):78-87.
Electrochemistry Characteristics of Carbon Nanofibers Grown on the Catalytic Gasified Activated Carbon
Authors: Lee Seon Ho , Peck Dong-Hyun , Lee Byungrok , Jung Doo-Hwan
Published: February 2020

Mesoporous materials were prepared by the catalytic gasification of activated carbon and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were then grown on the activated carbon. Catalytic gasification of activated carbon was carried out at 350, 400 and 450 ºC for 1 h at each temperature. The CNFs grown on activated carbon at 600 °C using activated carbon gasified with a 0.1% Ni-Fe catalyst at 450 °C. Surface area of CNFs grown on activated carbon at 600 °C using activated carbon gasified with a 0.1% Ni-Fe catalyst at 450 °C was 2401 m2/g. Additional specific capacitances of the CNFs grown on activated carbon are significantly higher than those of other activated carbons. CNFs grown on the activated carbon electrodes show approximately 144% retention of the specific capacitance, which is higher than that of the activated carbon. Thus, catalytic gasification can be predicted to yield better performance in the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) in fuel cells and capacitive deionization (CDI) process.
Direct Synthesis of Low-Index Palladium Nanocrystals and Their Catalytic Activities Toward Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Tang Yongan , Edelmann Richard E , Zou Shouzhong
Published: February 2020

Palladium nanocrystals have attracted more and more interest due to their extraordinary hydrogen storage capability and high catalytic activity in various reactions. In direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC), Pd has much higher catalytic activity toward formic acid oxidation than Pt. Like many other reactions, formic acid oxidation is structure-sensitive and significantly affected by the size and shape of Pd nanoparticles. In this presentation we report a facile one-pot synthesis approach for selectively synthesizing single crystalline rhombic dodecahedral (RD), cubic and octahedral palladium nanocrystals. These nanocrystals are enclosed by twelve {110}, six {100}, and eight {111} low-index facets, respectively. By controlling the concentration of potassium iodide and ascorbic acid in the reaction mixture, all of three low-index palladium nanocrystals can be obtained with high yield and uniform size within thirty minutes. The high quality nanocrystals enable examining facet effects of Pd nanocrystals in various reactions. Here formic acid oxidation is used as an example to elucidate how the catalytic activity varies with particle shape. The results show that cubic nanocrystals enclosed by {100} facets exhibited the highest catalytic activity, followed by RD and octahedra. This activity sequence differs from that found on bulk Pd single crystal electrodes. The obtained information is useful for designing high efficiency catalysts for fuel cell applications.