bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cochlear Implant Awareness in the United States: A National Survey of 15,138 Adults
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Sydlowski Sarah A. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: December 2022

Hearing loss is increasingly recognized as a chronic disease that warrants treatment. Depression, social isolation, loneliness, and poorer cognitive performance have all been linked to untreated and undertreated adult-onset hearing loss. A significant subset of the patient population with hearing loss is inadequately rehabilitated by hearing aids alone and may benefit from cochlear implantation. Yet, it is estimated that less than 10% of those who qualify have received implants to date. A national survey was conducted online in November and December 2021. Subjects were identified using Dynata panelists and river sampling. Enrollment occurred on a rolling basis. Upfront sample management techniques were used to control the distribution, balancing the respondent cohort to the 2018 U.S. Census on age, household income, sex, marital status, household size, race/ethnicity, and education. Among 15,138 adult respondents with a mean (SD) age of 51 (17) years (54% female), only 10% reported being very familiar with cochlear implants, and 31% of those with hearing difficulty reported that they have “never heard” of a cochlear implant. Females were statistically significantly more likely to report some degree of familiarity with cochlear implants than men (34 vs. 26%; p < 0.01). The greatest familiarity with cochlear implants was observed among those aged 35 to 44 years (18% reporting “very familiar”), whereas only 9% of those aged 65 to 74, 10% aged 75 to 84, and 8% ≥85 reported being very familiar (p < 0.01). Those identifying as White/Caucasian were statistically significantly more likely to report familiarity with cochlear implants than those identifying as Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/Spanish (33 vs. 56 vs. 50% responding that they had “never heard” of cochlear implants; p < 0.01). Among adults with hearing difficulty, nearly 80% report having never talked with a medical or hearing care professional about cochlear implants. Limited cochlear implant awareness likely influences its widespread underutilization across the United States. Sex, age, and race disparities compound these issues among men, the Medicare-aged population, and those identifying as Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/Spanish.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy to Reduce Cranial Asymmetries in Young Infants with Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly
Authors: Bagagiolo Donatella , Priolo Claudio G. , Favre Elena M. , Pangallo Antonella , Didio Alessia , Sbarbaro Marco , Borro Tiziana , Daccò Silvia , Manzoni Paolo , Farina Daniele
Published: December 2022

Objective This study aimed to compare the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMTh) versus light touch therapy (LTT) in reducing cranial asymmetries in infants with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly (NSP).

Study Design A prospective, parallel-group, single-center, LTT-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Neonatology of Sant'Anna Hospital in Turin, Italy, from September 6, 2016 to February 20, 2020. We enrolled infants of 1 to 6 months of age with NSP, who were then randomly assigned to the study group (repositioning therapy plus six sessions of OMTh) or the control group (repositioning therapy plus six sessions of LTT). The outcome was the reduction of the oblique diameter difference index (ODDI) score <104%, which was assessed at the end of the intervention protocol (at 3 months) and at 1 year of age.

Results A total of 96 infants were randomized, 48 in the OMTh group and 48 in the LTT group, with mean ages of 3.1 versus 3.2 months, and baseline ODDI score of 110.2 versus 108.7%. In the OMTh group, a significant reduction of the ODDI score <104%, compared with the LTT group, was observed in the intension-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. The ITT analysis revealed an ODDI score <104% in the OMTh group at 3 months (risk difference: 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.53; p < 0.001) and at the follow-up at 1 year of age (risk difference: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31–0.64; p < 0.001). The PP analysis at 3 months reported a risk difference of 0.44 (95% CI: 0.27–0.60; p < 0.001), and at 1 year of age, a risk difference of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.36–0.72; p < 0.001).

Conclusion In infants with NSP, a course of six OMTh sessions significantly reduced cranial asymmetries at both the 3-month and 1-year follow-up assessments, compared with LTT. This study is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov (identifier: NCT03970395;
www.clinicaltrials.gov
).

Key Points
Feasibility and Impact of a Pilot Neonatal Cuddler Program on Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bushroe Kylie , Lloyd Brieann , McDaneld Chonita , Mathur Amit , Rao Rakesh
Published: December 2022

Objective Preterm infants experience daily stress in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Positive sensory experiences mitigate stress responses, but parental participation can be limited by external pressures. This study aimed to describe the impact of a neonatal cuddler program (NCP) on preterm infants' growth.

Study Design A multidisciplinary program trained volunteers to interact with NICU infants when family was not at bedside. Infants were followed prospectively throughout admission. Intervention data included frequency, type, and duration of activity throughout the study period. Student t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the impact of volunteer interaction on anthropometric measures at discharge.

Results Forty-five infants interacted with a volunteer (intervention group, n = 45) compared with the control group (n = 56) following coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. The median (range) time of interaction with a volunteer in the intervention group was 90.0 (5.0–705.0) minutes per infant. Infants in the two groups had similar gestational ages, birth weights, lengths, and occipitofrontal circumferences (OFC). Infants in the intervention group had higher rates of spontaneous intestinal perforation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and reached full enteral feeds later. However, rates of severe intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and duration of mechanical ventilation were similar. Infants in the two groups did not differ in the NICU length of stay. At discharge, infants in the intervention group weighed more (p = 0.04) and had higher OFC's (p = 0.01) and OFC z-scores (p = 0.03). The change in z-scores from birth to discharge was significant for the weight (p = 0.02) but not length or OFC. In regression analyses, only group allocation was identified as a significant factor for OFC z-scores at discharge (β= 0.279, p = 0.011) and for change in weight z-scores from birth to discharge (β = 0.226, p = 0.041).

Conclusion Growth is positively impacted by an NCP despite limited interaction. Additional work is needed to demonstrate the impact on neurobehavioral and developmental outcomes.

Key Points
Balancing heating requirements and range in electric vehicles
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: December 2022

A CO 2  heat pump may provide necessary warmth for passengers of electric buses.
The fermionic integral on loop space and the Pfaffian line bundle
Authors: Hanisch Florian , Ludewig Matthias
Published: December 2022

As the loop space of a Riemannian manifold is infinite-dimensional, it is a non-trivial problem to make sense of the “top degree component” of a differential form on it. In this paper, we show that a formula from finite dimensions generalizes to assign a sensible “top degree component” to certain composite forms, obtained by wedging with the exponential (in the exterior algebra) of the canonical presymplectic 2-form on the loop space. This construction is a crucial ingredient for the definition of the supersymmetric path integral on the loop space.
Dynamics of fractional N-soliton solutions with anomalous dispersions of integrable fractional higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Weng Weifang , Zhang Minghe , Zhang Guoqiang , Yan Zhenya
Published: December 2022

In this paper, using the algorithm due to Ablowitz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 184101 (2022); J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 55, 384010 (2022)], we explore the anomalous dispersive relations, inverse scattering transform, and fractional N-soliton solutions of the integrable fractional higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger (fHONLS) equations, containing the fractional third-order NLS (fTONLS), fractional complex mKdV (fcmKdV), and fractional fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger (fFONLS) equations, etc. The inverse scattering problem can be solved exactly by means of the matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem with simple poles. As a consequence, an explicit formula is found for the fractional N-soliton solutions of the fHONLS equations in the reflectionless case. In particular, we analyze the fractional one-, two-, and three-soliton solutions with anomalous dispersions of fTONLS and fcmKdV equations. The wave, group, and phase velocities of these envelope fractional one-soliton solutions are related to the power laws of their amplitudes. Moreover, we also deduce the formula for the fractional N-soliton solutions of all fHONLS equations and analyze some velocities of the one-soliton solution. These obtained fractional N-soliton solutions may be useful to explain the related super-dispersion transports of nonlinear waves in fractional nonlinear media.
Periodic measures of impulsive stochastic neural networks lattice systems with delays
Authors: Lin Yusen , Li Yayu , Li Dingshi
Published: December 2022

This paper is concerned with the periodic measures of a class of periodic stochastic neural networks lattice models with delays and nonlinear impulses. First, by employing the idea of uniform estimates on the tails of the solutions, the technique of diadic division, and generalized Ascoli–Arzela theorem, we prove the tightness of a family of distributions of the segment solutions of the lattice systems. Then, the existence of periodic measures is established by using the Krylov–Bogolyubov method.
A review on acoustic vortices: Generation, characterization, applications and perspectives
Authors: Guo Shifang , Ya Zhen , Wu Pengying , Wan Mingxi
Published: December 2022

Acoustic vortices provide a single-beam approach to manipulate objects with sizes from nanometers to millimeters, gaining increasing interest in recent years. The helical beam renders them good ability to trap particles in three dimensions stably. At the same time, the orbital angular momentum of acoustic vortices can be used to realize object rotation and data transmission. In this review, we summarize the generation and characterization of acoustic vortices. Furthermore, we present the application of acoustic vortices in particle manipulation, object rotation, acoustic communication, and especially in the biomedical field. Finally, perspectives on the future directions for acoustic vortex research are discussed.
A construction of combinatorial NLTS
Authors: Anshu Anurag , Breuckmann Nikolas P.
Published: December 2022

The NLTS (No Low-Energy Trivial State) conjecture [M. H. Freedman and M. B. Hastings, Quantum Inf. Comput. 14, 144 (2014)] posits that there exist families of Hamiltonians with all low energy states of high complexity (with complexity measured by the quantum circuit depth preparing the state). Here, we prove a weaker version called the combinatorial no low error trivial states (NLETS), where a quantum circuit lower bound is shown against states that violate a (small) constant fraction of local terms. This generalizes the prior NLETS results [L. Eldar and A. W. Harrow, in 2017 IEEE 58th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS) (IEEE, 2017), pp. 427–438] and [Nirkhe et al., in 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018), Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), edited by Chatzigiannakis et al. (Schloss Dagstuhl–Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2018), Vol. 107, pp. 1–11]. Our construction is obtained by combining tensor networks with expander codes [M. Sipser and D. Spielman, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 42, 1710 (1996)]. The Hamiltonian is the parent Hamiltonian of a perturbed tensor network, inspired by the “uncle Hamiltonian” of Fernández-González et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 333, 299 (2015)]. Thus, we deviate from the quantum Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code Hamiltonians considered in most prior works.
Long-time asymptotics of the good Boussinesq equation with q
xx-term and its modified version
Authors: Wang Deng-Shan , Zhu Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

Two modified Boussinesq equations along with their Lax pairs are proposed by introducing the Miura transformations. The modified good Boussinesq equation with initial condition is investigated by the Riemann–Hilbert method. Starting with the three-order Lax pair of this equation, the inverse scattering transform is formulated and the Riemann–Hilbert problem is established, and the properties of the reflection coefficients are presented. Then, the formulas of long-time asymptotics to the good Boussinesq equation and its modified version are given based on the Deift–Zhou approach of nonlinear steepest descent analysis. It is demonstrated that the results from the long-time asymptotic analysis are in excellent agreement with the numerical solutions. This is the first result on the long-time asymptotic behaviors of the good Boussinesq equation with qxx-term and its modified version.
Simple and active magnetic-field stabilization for cold atom experiments
Authors: Duan Zhi-Xin , Wu Wei-Tao , Lin Yue-Tong , Yang Sheng-Jun
Published: December 2022

Cold atom experiments usually need a controllable and low-noise bias magnetic field to provide a quantization axis. Most labs need home-made stabilization of the field according to the actual setup, as commercially available power supply cannot directly satisfy their requirements. Here, by measuring the field fluctuations and active feedback modulating current supply of the applied magnetic field, we successfully demonstrate a field of 10.58 G with a stability to the level of 2.8 × 10−7 in a duration of 5 min. The root mean square noise is reduced to 0.05 mG, compared to the noise of 1.3 mG without stabilization. The coherence time of the magnetic-field sensitive transition between the rubidium ground states F=1,mF=−1 and 1,0, as measured by Rabi oscillation, is extended to 19.2 ms from the unstabilized value of 1.3 ms. This result is long enough for most experiments on quantum simulation and precision measurement. As our system has no passive magnetic shielding and additional compensation coils, it is highly simple and compact to provide the stable magnetic field and would be adapted to various applications with cold atoms.
Metal–ceramic composite structures for fabrication of high power density plasmonic devices
Authors: Otto Lauren M. , Liu Stephanie E. , Ng Rowena W. , Schwartzberg Adam M. , Aloni Shaul , Hammack Aeron Tynes
Published: December 2022

The recent decade brought many advances to plasmonics, but high power density plasmonic antennas designed to behave as heaters or operate in high temperature environments are still facing material stability challenges preventing their ultimate use. Gold has been the optimal choice among plasmonic materials but experiences morphology changes at temperature that result in device efficiency reduction and failure. Bulk titanium nitride has been explored as a solution but has deal-breaking tradeoffs in device quality factor. In this paper, we explore via proof-of-concept the use of a metal–ceramic composite structure to determine whether a bulk Au nanorod can provide strong plasmonic resonances while coated with an ultrathin conformal layer of titanium nitride or silica to provide morphological stability and sufficient plasmonic activity without excessive resonance quality degradation. We show SEM-level morphological stability for temperatures up to 500 °C with coatings below 4 nm. Computer modeling suggests the ultrathin titanium nitride has detrimental effects on the strong plasmonic resonances of a Au nanorod. We then looked into other possible coatings for solutions to stabilize high power density plasmonic antennas including plasmonic oxides, metal adhesion layers, and silica, the latter appearing to be the best option while lowering the overall peak electric field intensity, the silica increases the electric field intensity at its boundary.
Transient nonlinear dynamics of the rotor system supported by low viscosity lubricated bearing
Authors: Xie Zhongliang , Yang Kang , Jiao Jian , Qin Weiyang , Yang Tao , Fu Chao , Ming Anbo
Published: December 2022

This paper clarifies the mechanism of the dynamic characteristics of the water-lubricated bearing-rotor coupling system at different operating stages. Dynamic models of the water-lubricated bearing-rotor system under fluid lubrication are developed. The influences of different operating modules on the dynamic characteristics are investigated. The effects of different speeds, different loads, and different impacts are analyzed. The time domain responses, axis orbits, and phase diagram are gained. Velocity has impacts on the vibration performance of the shaft. The external load has slight effects on the vibration characteristics. Different forms of transient impacts have different effects on the vibration characteristics. The validity of the new-built models is verified by experiments. Results provide theoretical foundations for the optimum design for such bearing-rotor systems.
UV-induced charge-state conversion from the negatively to neutrally charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Li C. X. , Zhang Q. Y. , Zhou N. , Hu B. C. , Ma C. Y. , Zhang C. , Yi Z.
Published: December 2022

Under ultraviolet (UV) excitation with photon energy larger than 4.5 eV, a charge-state conversion from negatively to neutrally charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV− to NV0) centers in diamond samples is realized. The UV-induced charge-state conversion is found to strongly depend on the N concentration in the sample and the irradiation fluence of the electron beam. For the samples with high N concentrations, low-fluence (2.5 × 1017 cm−2) 10-MeV electron beam irradiation usually leads to UV-induced charge-state conversion efficiency higher than that of the samples irradiated with high fluences (≥2.5 × 1018 cm−2). For the samples with a few ppm N, however, the charge-state conversion efficiency is relatively low in the cases of irradiation fluences in this work. Meanwhile, UV-induced NV0 luminescence exhibits temperature dependence different from that of visible-light excited NV0 or NV− centers; that is, the photoluminescence intensity does not reach saturation at temperatures lower than 135 K but decreases with the decrease in temperature. Based on the photoluminescence excitation spectra of NV0 centers in the UV region, the UV-induced charge-state conversion is suggested to involve free-hole generation, diffusion, and the capture by ground-state NV− centers.
Eulerian–Lagrangian modeling of deflagration to detonation transition in n-decane/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures
Authors: Zheng Hongtao , Zhu Wanli , Jia Xiongbin , Zhao Ningbo
Published: December 2022

In this work, to promote deflagration to detonation transition (DDT), a designed hot jet in a pre-detonator is produced to initiate detonations in the main detonation tube. We perform two-dimensional simulations of the DDT process for low-volatile fuel (n-decane) mixed with nitrogen and oxygen based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The effects of fuel atomization, vaporization, and shock focusing on the flame acceleration and DDT are discussed under different nitrogen dilution ratio and droplet size conditions. The results show that the flame acceleration process can be divided into slow and fast deflagration stages. Additionally, initiation times are mainly determined by the fuel atomization and evaporation in the slow deflagration stage, which dominates the entire DDT time. Furthermore, there are different intensities of hot jets rather than stable detonation waves formed at the pre-detonator exit. Moreover, local decoupling and re-initiation events are detected near the internal wall of the U-bend, inducing the overdriven detonation decaying into stable detonation waves in the smooth tube. The results also demonstrate that the detonation pressure and velocity decrease by 13.56% and 12.55%, respectively, as the nitrogen dilution ratio increases from 0.5 to 2. In particular, as the nitrogen dilution ratio continued to increase to 2.25, the development in DDT is similar, but the jet intensity is significantly weakened. While as the droplet size increases from 10 to 40 μm, the detonation pressure and velocity decrease only by 2.69% and 1.49%, respectively.
High-fidelity surface flow data-driven aerodynamic solution strategy for non-smooth configurations: Study of compressor cascade with micro riblet surface
Authors: Wang Liyue , Wang Cong , Lan Xinyue , Sun Gang , You Bo , Zhong Yongjian , Hu Yan
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a new aerodynamic solution strategy for non-smooth configurations is proposed based on the wall modification model by machine learning to perform numerical simulations, rather than directly describing the global flow field with massive grids. The aerodynamic effect of non-smooth configurations in the presence of pressure gradients is investigated utilizing the proposed method. Flow features of non-smooth surface are provided by high-fidelity surface flow data acquired through lattice Boltzmann method simulation. The wall modification model is constructed by Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm-Generalized Regression Neural Network (FOA-GRNN) to reproduce the behavior of microflow near the non-smooth surface. Typical flow features, e.g., velocity corrections induced by surface texture as the output of the FOA-GRNN model, are imposed on configuration boundaries, improving computational efficiency and wall resolution. The novel aerodynamic solution strategy is validated by comparing the results of the experiment. In addition, the performance analysis of compressor cascade with micro riblet surface utilizing the above method is conducted. The results indicate that the non-smooth surface structure decreases skin friction and turbulent intensity in the flow channel compared with smooth cascade, thus significantly reducing the total pressure loss. The paper shows a positive prospect of the data-driven strategy in evaluating the aerodynamic performances of non-smooth configurations and provides a reliable solution method for the subsequent design of micro-nano surfaces.
MEK inhibition enhances presentation of targetable MHC-I tumor antigens in mutant melanomas
Authors: Stopfer Lauren E. , Rettko Nicholas J. , Leddy Owen , Mesfin Joshua M. , Brown Eric , Winski Shannon , Bryson Bryan , Wells James A. , White Forest M.
Published: December 2022

Combining multiple therapeutic strategies in NRAS/BRAF mutant melanoma—namely MEK/BRAF kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and targeted immunotherapies—may offer an improved survival benefit by overcoming limitations associated with any individual therapy. Still, optimal combination, order, and timing of administration remains under investigation. Here, we measure how MEK inhibition (MEKi) alters anti-tumor immunity by utilizing quantitative immunopeptidomics to profile changes in the peptide major histocompatibility molecules (pMHC) repertoire. These data reveal a collection of tumor antigens whose presentation levels are selectively augmented following therapy, including several epitopes present at over 1,000 copies per cell. We leveraged the tunable abundance of MEKi-modulated antigens by targeting four epitopes with pMHC-specific T cell engagers and antibody drug conjugates, enhancing cell killing in tumor cells following MEK inhibition. These results highlight drug treatment as a means to enhance immunotherapy efficacy by targeting specific upregulated pMHCs and provide a methodological framework for identifying, quantifying, and therapeutically targeting additional epitopes of interest.
A novel post-developmental role of the Hox genes underlies normal adult behavior
Authors: Raouf Issa A. , A. C. Menzies Jonathan , Padmanabhan Aishwarya , Alonso Claudio R.
Published: December 2022

The molecular mechanisms underlying the stability of mature neurons and neural circuits are poorly understood. Here we explore this problem and discover that the
Hox
genes are a component of the genetic program that maintains normal neural function in adult
Drosophila
. We show that post-developmental downregulation of the
Hox
gene
Ultrabithorax
(
Ubx
) in adult neurons leads to substantial anomalies in flight. Mapping the cellular basis of these effects reveals that
Ubx
is required within a subset of dopaminergic neurons, and cell circuitry analyses in combination with optogenetics allow us to link these dopaminergic neurons to flight control. Functional imaging experiments show that
Ubx
is necessary for normal dopaminergic activity, and neuron-specific RNA-sequencing defines two previously uncharacterized ion channel-encoding genes as potential mediators of
Ubx
behavioral roles. Our study thus reveals a novel role of the
Hox
system in controlling adult behavior and neural function. Based on the broad evolutionary conservation of the Hox system across distantly related animal phyla, we predict that the Hox genes might play neurophysiological roles in adult forms of other species, including humans.
Fatigue of red blood cells under periodic squeezes in ECMO
Authors: Pan Yunfan , Li Yan , Li Yongjian , Li Jiang , Chen Haosheng
Published: December 2022

Hemolysis usually happens instantly when red blood cells (RBCs) rupture under a high shear stress. However, it is also found to happen gradually in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) under low but periodic squeezes. In particular, the gradual hemolysis is accompanied by a progressive change in morphology of RBCs. In this work, the gradual hemolysis is studied in a microfluidic device with arrays of narrow gaps the same as the constructions in ECMO. RBCs are seen to deform periodically when they flow through the narrow gaps, which causes the release of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) from RBCs. The reduced ATP level in the cells leads to the fatigue of RBCs with the progressive changes in morphology and the gradual loss of deformability. An empirical model for the fatigue of RBCs is established under the periodic squeezes with controlled deformation, and it reveals a different way of the hemolysis that is dominated by the squeeze frequency. This finding brings a new insight into the mechanism of hemolysis, and it helps to improve the design of circulatory support devices.
Type IV pili trigger episymbiotic association of Saccharibacteria with its bacterial host
Authors: Xie Bingliang , Wang Jian , Nie Yong , Tian Jing , Wang Zerui , Chen Dongwei , Hu Beiyu , Wu Xiao-Lei , Du Wenbin
Published: December 2022

Recent characterization of the obligate episymbiont Saccharibacteria (TM7) belonging to the candidate phyla radiation (CPR) has expanded the extent of microbial diversity. However, the episymbiotic lifestyle of TM7 is still underexploited due to the deficiency of cultivated representatives. Here, we describe gene-targeted TM7 cultivation guided by repurposing epicPCR (emulsion, paired isolation, and concatenation PCR) to capture in situ TM7‒host associations. Using this method, we obtained a novel Saccharibacteria isolate TM7i and its host
Leucobacter aridicollis
J1 from Cicadae Periostracum, the castoff shell of cicada. Genomic analyses and microscopic characterizations revealed that TM7i could bind to J1 through twitching-like motility mediated by type IV pili (T4P). We further showed that the inhibition of T4P extrusion suppressed the motility and host adherence of TM7i, resulting in its reduced growth. However, the inactivation of T4P had little effect on the growth of TM7i that had already adhered to J1, suggesting the essential role of T4P in host recognition by TM7i. By capturing CPR‒host association and elaborating the T4P-dependent episymbiotic association mechanism, our studies shed light on the distinct yet widespread lifestyle of CPR bacteria.
Reflections on the perceived longer-term impact of an ERPP course
Authors: Corcoran James N.
Published: December 2022

Research-intensive universities in the global peripheries have begun to mount English for research publication purposes (ERPP) initiatives to increase plurilingual scholars’ publishing success. Though research into pedagogical initiatives is still limited, investigations of such programs can provide researchers with a greater understanding of the broader experiences and perspectives of scholars as well as the potential impact of interventions on course participants’ scholarly writing. Answering the call for more longitudinal work in ERPP, this article outlines a small-scale, qualitative investigation of the perceived impact of an intensive ERPP course at a Mexican university on two environmental scientists’ research writing five years following course completion. Data analysis included systematic review of participant CVs, as well as semi-structured interviews with two plurilingual EAL scientists and two ERPP practitioners connected to the ERPP course. Employing a critical plurilingual lens, this article discusses findings that not only outline the perceived impact of the intervention on these scientists’ research writing at different stages of their academic trajectories, but also highlight the plurilingual nature of their evolving scholarly practices. The article culminates with data-driven suggestions for plurilingual conceptualization and enactment of scholarly writing pedagogies, policies, and research agendas.
Twin prototype networks with noisy label self-correction for fault diagnosis of wind turbine gearboxes
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Tang Baoping , Li Qikang , Yang Qichao
Published: December 2022

Deep strong-supervised learning-based methods have been widely used and have made significant progress in intelligent fault diagnosis for wind turbine (WT) gearboxes. The superior performance of such methods relies on high-quality labels. However, correctly labeling the data is challenging because of the complexity of fault vibration signals and fault modes in real industrial scenarios, resulting in noisy labels in datasets, which significantly restricts the application of strong-supervised fault diagnosis models. In this study, a method based on twin prototype networks with noisy label self-correction was proposed to address fault diagnosis for WT gearboxes with noisy labels. This method introduced a collaborative learning architecture to improve the confirmation bias in the self-training of individual networks and to slow the speed of learning noisy-labeled samples. Simultaneously, the loss distribution of the samples from each network was modeled using the Gaussian mixture model to dynamically identify mislabeled samples in the training dataset. Finally, a collaborative relabeling prototype refinement module was designed to optimize the prototype learning process and enable self-correction of noisy labels. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Low-cost and simple fabrication of hierarchical Al nanopit arrays for deep ultraviolet refractive index sensing
Authors: Wang Huimin , Huang Liqing , Zhang Yu , Cai Yakun , Cheng Lin , Zhai Lipeng , Liu You , Zhang Xiangzhe , Zhu Jingping
Published: December 2022

Herein, we proposed a simple non-lithographic way to fabricate hierarchical Al nanopit arrays performed as deep ultraviolet (DUV, 200–300 nm) refractive index sensing. Only by adjusting the Al deposition thickness on the Al nanopit array, the hierarchical Al nanopit arrays with tunable plasmonic properties in the DUV region were obtained. The prepared hierarchical Al nanopit arrays are of very good time stability and its RI sensitivity and concentration detection limit of adenine ethanol solution reach 311 nm/RIU and

5
×
10

−
6

M
,

respectively, as the Al deposition thickness is 60 nm. Furthermore, the electric field distribution simulation results show that high RI sensing characteristic are mainly attributed to the local surface plasmon resonance. This investigation provides a facile way to develop low cost, high efficient and easily fabricated Al-based RI sensor in the DUV region.
EDIR: exome database of interspersed repeats
Authors: Vo Ngoc Laura D T , Osei Randy , Dohr Katrin , Olsen Catharina , Seneca Sara , Gheldof Alexander
Published: December 2022

Motivation

Intragenic exonic deletions are known to contribute to genetic diseases and are often flanked by regions of homology.

Results

In order to get a more clear view of these interspersed repeats encompassing a coding sequence, we have developed EDIR (Exome Database of Interspersed Repeats) which contains the positions of these structures within the human exome. EDIR has been calculated by an inductive strategy, rather than by a brute force approach and can be queried through an R/Bioconductor package or a web interface allowing the per-gene rapid extraction of homology-flanked sequences throughout the exome.

Availability and implementation

The code used to compile EDIR can be found at https://github.com/lauravongoc/EDIR. The full dataset of EDIR can be queried via an Rshiny application at http://193.70.34.71:3857/edir/. The R package for querying EDIR is called ‘EDIRquery’ and is available on Bioconductor. The full EDIR dataset can be downloaded from https://osf.io/m3gvx/ or http://193.70.34.71/EDIR.tar.gz.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Hybrid-Convolution Spatial–Temporal Recurrent Network For Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wen Shunjie , Yan Liang , Feng Jiangfan , Xia Ying
Published: December 2022

Accurate traffic flow prediction is valuable for satisfying citizens’ travel needs and alleviating urban traffic pressure. However, it is highly challenging due to the complexity of the urban geospatial structure and the highly nonlinear temporal and spatial dependence on human mobility. Most existing works proposed to rely on strict periods (e.g. daily and weekly) and separate the extraction of temporal and spatial features. Besides, most Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based models either fail to capture variations of spatial–temporal features in adjacent timestamps or ignore details of closeness. In this paper, we propose a Multi-attention based Hybrid-convolution Spatial-temporal Recurrent Network (MHSRN) for region-based traffic flow prediction. In MHSRN, we leverage a hybrid-convolution module to capture both shifting features and rich information at the nearest timestamps, and we apply the downsampling procedure to reduce the computation of RNN-based model. Furthermore, we propose to adopt a space-aware multi-attention module to re-perceive global and local spatial–temporal features. We conduct extensive experiments based on three real-world datasets. The results show that the MHSRN outperforms other challenging baselines by approximately 0.2–8.1% in mean absolute error on all datasets. On datasets other than TaxiBJ, the MHSRN reduces the root mean square error by at least 2.8% compared with the RNN-based model.
Epidemiology of heart failure in young adults: a French nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lecoeur Emmanuel , Domengé Orianne , Fayol Antoine , Jannot Anne-Sophie , Hulot Jean-Sébastien
Published: December 2022

Aims

Heart failure (HF) in young adults is uncommon, and changes in its incidence and prognosis in recent years are poorly described.

Methods and results

The incidence and prognosis of HF in young adults (18–50 years) were characterized using nationwide medico-administrative data from the French National Hospitalization Database (period 2013–2018). A total of 1,486 877 patients hospitalized for incident HF were identified, including 70 075 (4.7%) patients aged 18–50 years (estimated incidence of 0.44‰ for this age group). During the study period, the overall incidence of HF tended to decrease in the overall population but significantly increased by ∼0.041‰ in young adults (P < 0.001). This increase was notably observed among young men (from 0.51‰ to 0.59‰, P < 0.001), particularly those aged 36–50 years. In these young men, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was the most frequently reported cause of HF, whereas non-ischaemic HF was mainly observed in patients ≤ 35 years old. In contrast to non-ischaemic HF, the incidence of IHD increased over the study period, which suggests that IHD-related HF is progressively affecting younger patients. Concordantly, young HF patients presented with high rates of traditional IHD risk factors, including obesity, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, or diabetes. Lastly, the rates of re-hospitalization (for HF or for any cause) within two years after the first HF event and in-hospital mortality were high in all groups, indicating a poor-prognosis population.

Conclusion

Strategies for the prevention of HF risk factors should be strongly considered for patients under 50 years old.
Prediction and determination of mildew grade in grain storage based on FOA-SVM algorithm
Authors: Yuan Jianghao , Tang Fang , Qi Zhihui , Zhao Huiyi
Published: December 2022

Grain mildew is a significant hazard that causes food loss and poses a serious threat to human health when severe. Therefore, effective prediction and determination of mildew grade is essential for the prevention and control of mildew and global food security. In the present study, a model for predicting and determining the mildew grade of rice was constructed using logistic regression, back propagation neural network and GS-SVM (a grid search-based support vector machine algorithm) based on laboratory culture data and actual data from a granary, respectively. The results show that the GS-SVM model has a better prediction effect, but the model cannot automatically adjust the parameters and is more subjective, and the accuracy may decrease when the data set changes. Therefore, this paper establishes a new model for a support vector machine based on a fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA-SVM), which can achieve automatic parameter search and automatically adjust its parameters to find the best result when the data set changes, with a strong ability of self-adjustment of parameters. In addition, the FOA-SVM converges quickly and the model is stable. The results of this study provide a technical method for early identification of mildew grade during grain storage, which is beneficial for the prevention and control of rice mildew during grain storage.
Insight into weevil biology from a reference quality genome of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Cohen Zachary P , Perkin Lindsey C , Sim Sheina B , Stahlke Amanda R , Geib Scott M , Childers Anna K , Smith Timothy P L , Suh Charles
Published: December 2022

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, is one of the most historically impactful insects due to its near destruction of the US cotton industry in the early 20th century. Contemporary efforts to manage this insect primarily use pheromone baited traps for detection and organophosphate insecticides for control, but this strategy is not sustainable due to financial and environmental costs. We present a high-quality boll weevil genome assembly, consisting of 306 scaffolds with approximately 24,000 annotated genes, as a first step in the identification of gene targets for novel pest control. Gene content and transposable element distribution are similar to those found in other Curculionidae genomes; however, this is the most contiguous and only assembly reported to date for a member in the species-rich genus Anthonomus. Transcriptome profiles across larval, pupal, and adult life stages led to identification of several genes and gene families that could present targets for novel control strategies.
Genomic prediction of hybrid performance for agronomic traits in sorghum
Authors: Sapkota Sirjan , Boatwright Jon Lucas , Kumar Neeraj , Myers Matthew , Cox Alex , Ackerman Arlyn , Caughman William , Brenton Zachary W , Boyles Richard E , Kresovich Stephen
Published: December 2022

Hybrid breeding in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] utilizes the cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) system for seed production and subsequently harnesses heterosis. Since the cost of developing and evaluating inbred and hybrid lines in the CMS system is costly and time-consuming, genomic prediction of parental lines and hybrids is based on genetic data genotype. We generated 602 hybrids by crossing two female (A) lines with 301 diverse and elite male (R) lines from the sorghum association panel and collected phenotypic data for agronomic traits over two years. We genotyped the inbred parents using whole genome resequencing and used 2,687,342 high quality (minor allele frequency > 2%) single nucleotide polymorphisms for genomic prediction. For grain yield, the experimental hybrids exhibited an average mid-parent heterosis of 40%. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) for hybrid performance yielded an average prediction accuracy of 0.76–0.93 under the prediction scenario where both parental lines in validation sets were included in the training sets (T2). However, when only female tester was shared between training and validation sets (T1F), prediction accuracies declined by 12–90%, with plant height showing the greatest decline. Mean accuracies for predicting the general combining ability of male parents ranged from 0.33 to 0.62 for all traits. Our results showed hybrid performance for agronomic traits can be predicted with high accuracy, and optimizing genomic relationship is essential for optimal training population design for genomic selection in sorghum breeding.
Musical and Multilingual Experience Are Related to Healthy Aging: Better Some Than None But Even Better Together
Authors: Nijmeijer Saskia Esmee , van Tol Marie-José , Aleman André , Keijzer Merel
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Life experiences that are complex, sustained, and intense, such as active participation in music and speaking multiple languages, have been suggested to contribute to maintaining or improving cognitive performance and mental health. The current study focuses on whether lifetime musical and multilingual experiences differentially relate to cognition and well-being in older adults, and tests whether there is a cumulative effect of both experiences.

Methods

A total of 11,335 older adults from the population-based Lifelines Cohort Study completed a musical and multilingual background and experience questionnaire. Latent class analysis was used to categorize individuals into subgroups according to their various musical and multilingual experiences resulting in a (1) nonmusical, low-multilingual group; (2) nonmusical, high-multilingual group; (3) musical, low-multilingual group; and (4) musical high-multilingual group. To determine whether the groups differed in terms of cognition or emotional affect, differences in Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scores were investigated by means of multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results

Having high-multilingual, and not musical, experience was related to better RFFT performance compared to no experience, but not to more positive affect. Having both musical and high-multilingual experiences is related to better RFFT performance and more positive affect in advanced age compared to having only one experience or none. Importantly, these results were found independently of age, level of education, and socioeconomic status.

Discussion

Musical and multilingual experiences are related to healthy aging, especially when combined, which supports the suggestion that a broader spectrum of lifetime experiences relates to cognitive reserve.
Design Thinking for Health Disparities and Interdisciplinary Knowledge Translation: An LGBTQ+ Youth Health Literacy Project
Authors: McInroy Lauren B , Hawkins Blake W , Zapcic Ian , Fregoli Clio
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the use of codesign, design thinking (DT), and design jams in collaboration with interdisciplinary scholars, service providers, and community-based stakeholders as an approach to social work intervention development—specifically, to tackle health inequities and timely knowledge translation (KT). An application of these methods to the problem of sexual health disparities and lack of access to inclusive sexual health education in school-based settings for LGBTQ+ youth is discussed. LGBTQ+ Youth HeLP (Health Literacy Project) is a holistic online sexual health resource providing evidence-based information to LGBTQ+ youth in an accessible and age-appropriate format. This article considers potential opportunities and obstacles for utilizing DT to develop responsive solutions to health inequities and health-related KT learned from the project. Codesign offers effective options for generating collaborations that may increase cross-stakeholder perspective taking in group settings and produce high-quality outputs with increased likelihood of uptake.
A unifying view of modal clustering
Authors: Arias-Castro Ery , Qiao Wanli
Published: December 2022

Two important non-parametric approaches to clustering emerged in the 1970s: clustering by level sets or cluster tree as proposed by Hartigan, and clustering by gradient lines or gradient flow as proposed by Fukunaga and Hostetler. In a recent paper, we draw a connection between these two approaches, in particular, by showing that the gradient flow provides a way to move along the cluster tree. Here, we argue the case that these two approaches are fundamentally the same. We do so by proposing two ways of obtaining a partition from the cluster tree—each one of them very natural in its own right—and showing that both of them reduce to the partition given by the gradient flow under standard assumptions on the sampling density.
A comparative study of pretrained language models for long clinical text
Authors: Li Yikuan , Wehbe Ramsey M , Ahmad Faraz S , Wang Hanyin , Luo Yuan
Published: December 2022

Objective

Clinical knowledge-enriched transformer models (eg, ClinicalBERT) have state-of-the-art results on clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks. One of the core limitations of these transformer models is the substantial memory consumption due to their full self-attention mechanism, which leads to the performance degradation in long clinical texts. To overcome this, we propose to leverage long-sequence transformer models (eg, Longformer and BigBird), which extend the maximum input sequence length from 512 to 4096, to enhance the ability to model long-term dependencies in long clinical texts.

Materials and methods

Inspired by the success of long-sequence transformer models and the fact that clinical notes are mostly long, we introduce 2 domain-enriched language models, Clinical-Longformer and Clinical-BigBird, which are pretrained on a large-scale clinical corpus. We evaluate both language models using 10 baseline tasks including named entity recognition, question answering, natural language inference, and document classification tasks.

Results

The results demonstrate that Clinical-Longformer and Clinical-BigBird consistently and significantly outperform ClinicalBERT and other short-sequence transformers in all 10 downstream tasks and achieve new state-of-the-art results.

Discussion

Our pretrained language models provide the bedrock for clinical NLP using long texts. We have made our source code available at https://github.com/luoyuanlab/Clinical-Longformer, and the pretrained models available for public download at: https://huggingface.co/yikuan8/Clinical-Longformer.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that clinical knowledge-enriched long-sequence transformers are able to learn long-term dependencies in long clinical text. Our methods can also inspire the development of other domain-enriched long-sequence transformers.