bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison between Nanogratings-Based and Stress-Engineered Waveplates Written by Femtosecond Laser in Silica
Authors: Tian Jing , Yao Heng , Cavillon Maxime , Garcia-Caurel Enric , Ossikovski Razvigor , Stchakovsky Michel , Eypert Celine , Poumellec Bertrand , Lancry Matthieu
Published: January 2020

This paper compares anisotropic linear optical properties (linear birefringence, linear dichroism, degree of polarization) and performances (absorption coefficient, thermal stability) of two types of birefringent waveplates fabricated in silica glass by femtosecond laser direct writing. The first type of waveplate is based on birefringence induced by self-organized nanogratings imprinted in the glass. One the other hand, the second design is based on birefringence originating from the stress-field formed around the aforementioned nanogratings. In addition to the provided comparison, the manufacturing of stress-engineered half waveplates in the UV-Visible range, and with mm-size clear aperture and negligible excess losses, is reported. Such results contrast with waveplates made of nanogratings, as the later exhibit significantly higher scattering losses and depolarization effects in the UV-Visible range.
Bacterial, Gut Microbiome-Modifying Therapies to Defend against Multidrug Resistant Organisms
Authors: Feehan Amy , Garcia-Diaz Julia
Published: January 2020

Antibiotics have revolutionized human and animal healthcare, but their utility is reduced as bacteria evolve resistance mechanisms over time. Thankfully, there are novel antibiotics in the pipeline to overcome resistance, which are mentioned elsewhere in this special issue, but eventually bacteria are expected to evolve resistance to most new compounds as well. Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) that cause infections increase morbidity, mortality, and readmissions as compared with susceptible organisms. Consequently, many research and development pipelines are focused on non-antibiotic strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics and prebiotics, and a range of therapies in between. Studies reviewed here focus on efforts to directly treat or prevent MDRO infections or colonization. The studies were collected through clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, and the International Conference on the Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice website (ichgcp.net). While the gold standard of clinical research is randomized controlled trials (RCTs), several pilot studies are included because the field is so young. Although a vast preclinical body of research has led to studies in humans, animal and in vitro studies are not within the scope of this review. This narrative review discusses microbiome-modifying therapies targeting MDROs in the gut and includes current results, ongoing clinical trials, companies with therapies in the pipeline specifically for MDROs, and commentary on clinical implementation and challenges.
Comparative Study of the Structure, Composition, and Electrocatalytic Performance of Hydrogen Evolution in MoSx~2+δ/Mo and MoSx~3+δ Films Obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Fominski V. , Demin M. , Fominski D. , Romanov R. , Goikhman A. , Maksimova K.
Published: January 2020

Systematic and in-depth studies of the structure, composition, and efficiency of hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) in MoSx films, obtained by means of on- and off-axis pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from a MoS2 target, have been performed. The use of on-axis PLD (a standard configuration of PLD) in a buffer of Ar gas, with an optimal pressure, has allowed for the formation of porous hybrid films that consist of Mo particles which support a thin MoSx~2+δ (δ of ~0.7) film. The HER performance of MoSx~2+δ/Mo films increases with increased loading and reaches the highest value at a loading of ~240 μg/cm2. For off-axis PLD, the substrate was located along the axis of expansion of the laser plume and the film was formed via the deposition of the atomic component of the plume, which was scattered in Ar molecules. This made it possible to obtain homogeneous MoSx~3+δ (δ~0.8–1.1) films. The HER performances of these films reached saturation at a loading value of ~163 μg/cm2. The MoSx~3+δ films possessed higher catalytic activities in terms of the turnover frequency of their HERs. However, to achieve the current density of 10 mA/cm2, the lowest over voltages were −162 mV and −150 mV for the films obtained by off- and on-axis PLD, respectively. Measurements of electrochemical characteristics indicated that the differences in the achievable HER performances of these films could be caused by their unique morphological properties.
Lung Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Sized Kaolin and Bentonite: Missing Indications for a Common Grouping
Authors: Wiemann Martin , Vennemann Antje , Wohlleben Wendel
Published: January 2020

Kaolin and bentonite (nanoclay NM-600) are nanostructured aluminosilicates that share a similar chemical composition, platelet-like morphology, and high binding capacity for biomolecules. To investigate if these material-based criteria allow for a common grouping, we prepared particle suspensions of kaolin and bentonite with a similar hydrodynamic diameter and administered them to NR8383 alveolar macrophages in vitro and also to a rat lung using quartz DQ12 as a reference material. Bentonite was far more bioactive in vitro, indicated by a lower threshold for the release of enzymes, tumor necrosis factor α, and H2O2. In addition, in the lung, the early effects of bentonite exceeded those of kaolin and even those of quartz, due to strongly increased numbers of inflammatory cells, and elevated concentrations of total protein and fibronectin within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The pro-inflammatory effects of bentonite decreased over time, although assemblies of particle-laden alveolar macrophages (CD68 positive), numerous type-2 epithelial cells (immunopositive for pro-surfactant protein C), and hypertrophic lung epithelia persisted until day 21. At this point in time, kaolin-treated lungs were completely recovered, whereas quartz DQ12 had induced a progressive inflammation. We conclude that bentonite is far more bioactive than equally sized kaolin. This argues against a common grouping of aluminosilicates, previously suggested for different kaolin qualities.
Study of 1D and 2D Carbon Nanomaterial in Alginate Films
Authors: Salesa Beatriz , Llorens-Gámez Mar , Serrano-Aroca Ángel
Published: January 2020

Alginate-based materials hold great promise in bioengineering applications such as skin wound healing and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Nevertheless, cell adhesion of mammalian cells on these hydrophilic materials is very poor. In cases such as polycaprolactone, poly(hydroxy-3-butyrate-co-3-valerate) and gelatin, the incorporation of hydrophobic carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) has shown significant improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. The incorporation of these carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) into alginate films can enhance their mechanical performance, wettability, water diffusion and antibacterial properties. Herein, we report the effect of adding these CNMs into alginate films on cell adhesion for the first time. Thus, the results of this study showed that these nanocomposites are non-cytotoxic in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Nevertheless, contrary to what has been reported for other polymers, cell adhesion on these advanced alginate-based composites was not improved. Therefore, both types of composite films possess similar biological behavior, in terms of cell adhesion and non-cytotoxicity, and enhanced physical and antibacterial properties in comparison to neat alginate for potential biomedical and bioengineering applications.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Pharmaceutics in 2019
Authors: Editorial Office Pharmaceutics
Published: January 2020

The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who have dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal’s rigorous editorial process over the past 12 months, regardless of whether the papers are finally published or not.[...]
Design of New Polyaspartamide Copolymers for siRNA Delivery in Antiasthmatic Therapy
Authors: Craparo Emanuela Fabiola , Drago Salvatore Emanuele , Mauro Nicolò , Giammona Gaetano , Cavallaro Gennara
Published: January 2020

Here, a novel protonable copolymer was realized for the production of polyplexes with a siRNA (inhibitor of STAT6 expression in asthma), with the aim of a pulmonary administration. The polycation was synthesized by derivatization of α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)d,l-aspartamide (PHEA) with 1,2-Bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (bAPAE) in proper conditions to obtain a PHEA-g-bAPAE graft copolymer with a derivatization degree in amine (DDbAPAE%) equal to 35 mol%. The copolymer showed a proper buffering behavior, i.e., ranging between pH 5 and 7.4, to potentially give the endosomal escape of the obtained polycations. In effect, an in vitro experiment demonstrated the effect on biological membranes of the copolymer on bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) strongly dependent on the pH of the medium, i.e., higher at pH 5. bAPAE-based copolymers were further obtained with an increasing pegylation degree, i.e., equal to 1.9, 2.7, and 4.4 mol%, respectively. All the obtained copolymers were able to complex siRNA at a N/P ratio that decreases as the pegylation degree increases. At the same time, the tendency of polyplexes to aggregate and the capability to interact with mucin also decreases as the pegylation in the copolymer increases. Gene silencing experiments on 16-HBE showed that these copolymers have a significant role in improving the intracellular transport of naked siRNA, where the presence of PEG does not seem to hinder the cellular uptake of polyplexes. The latter obtained at polymer/siRNA weight ratio (R) equal to 10 with PHEA-g-PEG(C)-g-bAPAE also seems to be not susceptible to the presence of mucin, avoiding the polyanionic exchange of complexed siRNA, thus showing adequate behavior to be used as an effective vector for siRNA.
Genetic Variance Estimates for Maize Yield, Grain Moisture, and Stalk Lodging for Doubled-Haploid and Conventional Selfed-Line Hybrids
Authors: Mowers Ronald P. , Foster David J.
Published: January 2020

An experiment was conducted to compare estimated genetic variance for maize doubled haploid (DH) with conventional twice-selfed (S2)-line hybrids. Starting with a 4-parent population, at least 160 lines were derived using both of these methods and crossed with two inbred testers. For both inbred testers, maize hybrid grain yield and stalk lodging had higher estimated genetic variances for DH than for S2. For one of the testers, estimated grain moisture genetic variance was higher for DH, but not for the other. The DH hybrid yield distributions on both testers were flatter and had more entries in tails compared with S2 distributions. With complete homozygosity of DH lines and the subsequent increased genetic variance among lines, the expected response to yield selection is higher for DH than for S2 line hybrids.
Highly Crosslinked Polybenzoxazines from Monobenzoxazines: The Effect of Meta-Substitution in the Phenol Ring
Authors: Martos Alba , Soto Marc , Schäfer Hannes , Koschek Katharina , Marquet Jordi , Sebastián Rosa M.
Published: January 2020

It is possible to control the crosslink density of polymers derived from monobenzoxazines by switching the type of substituents in the phenolic ring and their relative position with respect to the phenol group. We prepared several substituted monobenzoxazines in the para and meta positions of the phenolic ring and studied how these substituents affected the polymerization temperature of monomers and the thermal stability of the final polymers and, more extensively, how they affected the crosslink network of the final polymers. Gel content and dynamic mechanical analysis confirm that ortho- and para-orienting substituents in the meta position generate highly crosslinked materials compared to para ones. This fact can lead to the design of materials with highly crosslinked networks based on monobenzoxazines, simpler and more versatile monomers than the commercial bisbenzoxazines currently in use.
A Numerical Investigation on the Collision Behavior of Polymer Droplets
Authors: Qian Lijuan , Cong Hongchuan , Zhu Chenlin
Published: January 2020

Binary droplet collisions are a key mechanism in powder coatings production, as well as in spray combustion, ink-jet printing, and other spray processes. The collision behavior of the droplets using Newtonian and polymer liquids is studied numerically by the coupled level-set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The deformation process, the internal flow fields, and the energy evolution of the droplets are discussed in detail. For binary polymer droplet collisions, compared with the Newtonian liquid, the maximum deformation is promoted. Due to the increased viscous dissipation, the colliding droplets coalesce more slowly. The stagnant flow region in the velocity field increases and the flow re-direction phenomenon is suppressed, so the polymer droplets coalesce permanently. As the surface tension of the polymer droplets decreases, the kinetic and the dissipated energy increases. The maximum deformation is promoted, and the coalescence speed of the droplets slows down. During the collision process, the dominant pressure inside the polymer droplets varies from positive pressure to negative pressure and then to positive pressure. At low surface tension, due to the non-synchronization in the movement of the interface front, the pressure is not smooth and distributes asymmetrically near the center of the droplets.
Globalization of the Market for Vegetable Protein Feed and Its Impact on Sustainable Agricultural Development and Food Security in EU Countries Illustrated by the Example of Poland
Authors: Jerzak Michał A. , Śmiglak-Krajewska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

In recent years, food security—defined as the economic and physical availability of food—has become a topic of particular importance to European countries, including Poland. In the European Union, the production volume of protein raw materials has failed to meet the demand for many years now. The deficiency reaches 60–80% of protein raw material and is covered by imported goods, primarily including soya bean meal sourced from the Americas. This type of dependency could pose a threat to food security in Poland and in many other EU countries. The main purpose of this paper was to identify the condition of the market for vegetable protein feed around the world, in the EU and in Poland and to use the example of Poland to indicate the economic and environmental consequences of globalization processes affecting the feed industry. An attempt was also made to determine the impact of these processes on sustainable development and on self-sufficiency in vegetable proteins. As a source of information, this study relied on numeric data from databases delivered by the FAO, FEFAC, Alltech, Oil World, Central Statistical Office and the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics—the National Research Institute. The study period was 2010–2018. The methodology proposed by Chechelski was used to assess the globalization process in the Polish feed industry. Primary data used to meet the objective defined above were retrieved from empirical studies carried out with 180 selected farms from all over the country and 74 feed factories. One of the conclusions is that the globalization process in the Polish market for vegetable protein feed resulted in changing the feed production technology by marginalizing the use of native sources of plant protein. As the farmers lack interest in cultivating these plants, they cannot reap the natural benefits derived from them. From the perspective of environmental impacts, this perturbs the sustainable agriculture concept.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of Tunnels with Different Buried Depths in a Soft Soil
Authors: Hu Xiaorong , Zhou Zhiguang , Chen Hao , Ren Yongqiang
Published: January 2020

Seismic fragility of an engineering structure is the conditional probability that damage of a structure equals or exceeds a limit state under a specified intensity motion. It represents the seismic performance of structures and the correlation between ground motion and structural damage, playing an indispensable role in structural security assessment. A practical evaluation procedure of acquiring the fragility curves of tunnels in a soft soil has been proposed in this paper. Taking a typical metro tunnel in Shanghai as an example, two-dimensional finite element models of soil-tunnel cross-section were established. The nonlinear characteristics of soil layers were considered by the one-dimensional equivalent linear analysis in the equivalent-linear earthquake site response analyses (EERA) program. The ground motions were selected based on seismic station records. Comparing the analytical fragility curves with the empirical curves derived from American Lifelines Alliance (ALA) and HAZUS shows that the proposed method is reliable and feasible. Further study about the influence of buried depths on the fragility of the tunnel was performed. The results indicate that the failure probability of the tunnel is not monotonically decreasing with the increase of the buried depth for a given peak ground acceleration (PGA.)
Musical Training Improves Audiovisual Integration Capacity under Conditions of High Perceptual Load
Authors: Wilbiks Jonathan M. P. , O’Brien Courtney
Published: January 2020

In considering capacity measures of audiovisual integration, it has become apparent that there is a wide degree of variation both within (based on unimodal and multimodal stimulus characteristics) and between participants. Recent work has discussed performance on a number of cognitive tasks that can form a regression model accounting for nearly a quarter of the variation in audiovisual integration capacity. The current study involves an investigation of whether different elements of musicality in participants can contribute to additional variation in capacity. Participants were presented with a series of rapidly changing visual displays and asked to note which elements of that display changed in synchrony with a tone. Results were fitted to a previously used model to establish capacity estimates, and these estimates were included in correlational analyses with musical training, musical perceptual abilities, and active engagement in music. We found that audiovisual integration capacity was positively correlated with amount of musical training, and that this correlation was statistically significant under the most difficult perceptual conditions. Results are discussed in the context of the boosting of perceptual abilities due to musical training, even under conditions that have been previously found to be overly demanding for participants.
Experimental and Theoretical Expansion of Access to Credit among Rural Farmers: Case Studies in Boane District, Mozambique
Authors: Matusse Euclides Alfredo
Published: January 2020

The aim of study is to establish relationship between loan accessibility, repayment capacity, credit terms, and farmers' socioeconomic characteristics using of metrics to extract an indicator for targeting credit financing to rural households.
Design/methodology/approach?: The goal question metric GQM paradigm is used to select a sample of 30 settings in the Boane district. The paper adopted validation research on how to perform controlled experiments with small adaptations and involved descriptive, correlation, regression analysis approaches. Data were analyzed using the R, and SPSS statistical model, and Pearson correlation where used to examine the nature of the relationship between the variables.
БАШТАЛГЫЧ КЛАССТАРДА

МАТЕМАТИКА САБАГЫН ОКУТУУДА МААЛЫМАТТЫК

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРДЫ КОЛДОНУУ
Authors: Картанбаева Насыйкат
Published: January 2020

Аннотация. Азыркы күндө билим берүү процессин жүргүзүүдө эл аралык стандартка шайкеш келүүчү заманбап маалыматтык технологияларды киргизүү жана мугалимдин ийгиликтүү иш алып баруусу үчүн зарыл болгон шарттарды камсыз кылуу – бул азыркы мезгилдин негизги талаптарынан болуп саналат. Себеби маалыматтык технологиялар окутуучуларга окуу процессин сапаттуу, жаңы деңгээлге алып чыгууга шарт түзөт. Бул макалада билим берүү процессинде башталгыч класстарда математика
сабагын окутууда маалыматтык технологияларды колдонуунун жолдору каралды. Математика сабагын окутууда компьютердик жаңы технологияларды пайдалануу, окутуу процессин өркүндөтүүнүн бирден-бир каражаты катары саналып, окуучулардын математика сабагына кызыгуусун жана өз алдынча билимге ээ болуу ишмердигин өркүндөтүүнүн мүмкүнчүлүгүн арттырат.
Түйүндүү сөздөр: маалыматтык технологиялар, окуу процесси, окутуу каражаты, билим берүү, математика сабагы, мугалим, окуучу.
Аннотация: В этой статье рассматривается процесс обучения в системе начального образования. Изучаются способы использования информационных технологий в школе по предмету математика. Уроки математики с использованием новых компьютерных технологий в преподавании и обучении дает возможность совершенствования деятельности самопознания во время ученого процесса, что приводит к повышению интереса учащихся к математике и увеличивает возможность улучшения восприятия учебного материала.
Ключевые слова: информационные технологии, образовательный процесс, средство обучения, образование, математика, предмет, учитель, ученик.
Abstract: This article discusses the learning process in primary education. The ways
of using information technologies in school on the subject of mathematics are studied.
Mathematics lessons with the use of new computer technologies in teaching and learning makes it possible to improve the activity of self-knowledge during the academic process, which leads to an increase in the interest of students in mathematics and increases the possibility of improving the perception of educational material.
Key words: Information technology, educational process, educational tool, education, mathematics subject, teacher, student.
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПОДГОТОВКА БУДУЩЕГО
УЧИТЕЛЯ ИСТОРИИ В КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ:
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ

СОСТОЯНИЕ
Authors: Мураталиева Мира
Published: January 2020

Аннотация. В статье рассматривается история развития системы образования в Кыргызской Республике, где первоначально проводили подготовку учителей истории и дальнейшее ее развитие, а также особо выделяется три основных этапа постсоветского периода развития высшего педагогического образования и современное состояние и выявленные проблемы в подготовке специалистов в области истории требуют обновления всех компонентов образовательного процесса, что позволит обосновать особенности профессиональной подготовки учителя истории на современном этапе и определить пути ее совершенствования с ориентацией на формирование комплекса компетенций.
Ключевые слова: подготовка учителей истории, этапы, современное положение,реорганизация, статус университетов.
Аннотация: Макала башында баары турууну тарыхы муктаж тармагында адистерди даярдоо менен аныкталган тарыхы жана аны андан ары өнүктүрүү, окутуучулар, ошондой эле жогорку педагогикалык билим берүү жана учурдагы абалы жана өнүгүү пост-үч негизги этаптарын урунттуу жана маселелерди даярдоону жүзөгө ашырат, Кыргыз Республикасынын билим берүү системасын
өнүктүрүүнүн тарыхы талкууланат ушул кабатында тарых мугалими кесиптик окутуунун өзгөчөлүктөрүн актайт билим берүү, компоненттери оюндарга жана татаал ыйгарым түзүүгө басым жасоо менен, аны жакшыртуу жолдорун аныктоо жагы макалада кеңири каралды.
Түйүндүү сөздөр: тарых мугалимдердин окутуу, этаптары, учурдагы абалы, кайра, жогорку окуу жайларынын абалы.
Annotation. The article discusses the history of the development of the educational
system in the Kyrgyz Republic, where initially teachers of history were trained and further developed, as well as three main stages of the post-Soviet period of development of higher pedagogical education and the current state and identified problems in the preparation of specialists in the field of history require updating all components of the educational process, which will justify the features of professional training of a history teacher on the modern floor ape and identify ways to improve it with an orientation to the formation of a set of competencies.
ВЗАИМНОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО ВУЗОВ
С БИЗНЕС-СООБЩЕСТВОМ: АНАЛИЗ ЛУЧШИХ

МИРОВЫХ ПРАКТИК
Authors: Мурзахмедова Гульнара
Published: January 2020

Аннотация: Главной целью автора статьи является анализ сложной ситуации с трудоустройством молодых специалистов по полученному в вузе профилю подготовки. Автор выделяет причины, которые влияют на усугубление данной проблемы, отсутствием у вчерашнего студента профессионализма, компетенций, умений и навыков, которые требуются ему для устройства на работу. Наблюдается огромный разрыв между полученными выпускником вуза теоретическими
знаниями и использованием их в практической деятельности. В рамках данной статьи исследуются лучшие опыты взаимодействия вузов с работодателями Германии, России, Японии, Финляндии, с целью успешного трудоустройства молодых специалистов. Автор также акцентирует внимание и на обратной стороне связи вузов с бизнесом, которая выражается в преследовании бизнес-сообществом, зачастую в ущерб учебному процессу, узких коммерческих интересов и выгод. В статье рассмотрены как плюсы, так и минусы сотрудничества.
Ключевые слова: выпускник, трудоустройство, практика, стажер, профессионализм, работодатель, рыночные отношения, профориентация, предприятие, виртуальное предприятие.
Аннотация: Макаланын авторунун башкы максаты болуп жогорку окуу жайда алган даярдыктын профили боюнча жаш адистерди ишке орноштуруунун татаал кырдаалын талдоо болуп эсептелет. Жазуучу себебин аныктайт, бул маселенин татаалданышына таасир бере турган, кечээ кеткен студенттеги кесипкөйлүктүн жоктугу, компетенциясы, көндүмдөрүн жана жөндөмүн, аны иштөө
үчүн түзмөктөр талап кылынат. Оюлуп жасалган таажы алган бүтүрүүчүнүн ортосундагы теориялык билим жана практикалык ишинде аларды пайдалануу. Дүйнөлүк жогорку окуу жайлардын жаш адистерин ишке орноштуруунун мыкты тажрыйбалары каралды.
Түйүндүү сөздөр: бүтүрүүчү, ишке орноштуруу, практика, стажер, кесипкөйлүк, иш берүүчү, рыноктук мамилелер, кесиптик багыт алуу, ишкана, виртуалдык ишкана.
Abstract: the main purpose of the author is to analyze the difficult situation with the employment of young specialists in the profile of training received at the University. The author identifies the reasons that affect the aggravation of this problem, the lack of
yesterday's student professionalism, competencies, skills and abilities that are required
for him to get a job. There is a huge gap between the theoretical knowledge obtained
by the University graduate and their use in practical activities. This article examines the best experiences of interaction between universities and employers in Germany, Russia, Japan, Finland, in order to successfully employ young professionals. The author also focuses on the reverse side of the relationship between universities and business, which is expressed in the pursuit of the business community, often to the detriment of
the educational process, narrow commercial interests and benefits. The article considers both pros and cons of cooperation.
Keywords: graduate, employment, practice, trainee, professionalism, employer, market relations, career guidance, enterprise, virtual enterprise.
СТАЛИНДИК БИЙЛИК Ч.АЙТМАТОВДУН КӨРКӨМ

ОЙ ЖҮГҮРТҮҮСҮНДӨ
Authors: Ниясалиева Б. , Алтыкеева Н.
Published: January 2020

Аннотация. Ч.Айтматов “Кылым карытар бир күн” романында ачыктап бере албаган бийлик маселеси кийинки демократиянын учурунда романдын уландысы катары берилген “Чынгызхандын ак булуту “ аттуу чыгармасында таама көрсөтүлдү. Аталган чыгарма сталиндик бийликти сынга алуу менен бийликтин курмандыктары болгон күнөөсүз адамдардын оор тагдырын чагылдырат. Сталиндин образын ачуу максатында элдик легендага кайрылып, Чынгызхандын образы аркылуу Сталиндин образын чагылдырган. Чыгармадагы Тансыкбаевдин образы мансапка манчыркап, адам тагдыры менен ойногон наадан адамдардын образын ачууда колдонулган. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – булар бийликтин курмандыктары. Алар алдыда өлүм күтүп турса да, өз көз караштарынан тайышпады, өлүмгө тике кароо менен жеңиш дайыма алар тарапта экендигин аныктай алышты. Ырас, Тансыкбаев
да өз максатына жете алган жок, Чынгызхан болсо батышты багынтам деген тилегине жетпеди, ал эбегейсиз күчүн жоготту, мындан ары анын жолу болбоду.
Түйүндүү сөздөр: образ, демократия, каарман, легенда, идея, көркөм ой жүгүртүү.
Аннотация. Проблема правительства, которую Ч.Айтматов не смог раскрыть в романе “И дольше века длится день, ярко показаны в произведении “Белое облако Чингизхана” созданное во время демократии как продолжение названного произведения. В данном произведений критикуется и отражается тяжелая судьба безвинного народа, которые стали жертвами сталинского режима. Писатель обратился к народной легенде для раскрытия образа Сталина, через образ Чингизхана. В произведений образ Тансыкбаева применятся для раскрытия образов людей, которые ради собственного нажива использовали судьбы народа. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – они жертвы правительства. Несмотря ни на что, они не отреклись от своих убеждений, стояли на смерть ради справедливости. В статье говорится о не достижении своей цели Тансыкбаева, о не покорении Чингизханом Запада, о том, что Чингизхан потерял всю свою силу и удача его покидает.
Ключевые слова: власть, образ, демократия, герой, легенда, идея, художественное размышление..
Annotation. The problem of the government, which Ch. Aitmatov could not reveal in the novel “And the day lasts more than a century”is clearly shown in the works “White
cloud of Genghis Khan” created during the democracy as a continuation of the title work. In this work criticized and reflected the heavy fate of innocent people who were the victims of the Stalinist regime. The writer appealed to the folk legend to reveal the image of Genghis Khan the writer conveys the image of Stalin. In the work (composition) the image of Tansykbaev will be used to reveal the images of people who used the people’s destinies for their own profit . Abutalip, Erdene, Doulan-they are the victims of government. No matter what, they didn’t renounce their beliefs, stood to death for justice . The article says about not achieving the goal of Tansykbaeva, about not conguering the West by Genghis Khan and that Genghis Khan lost all his strength and good luck leaves him.
Key words: power, image, democracy, hero, legend, idea, artistic reflection.
ИЗ ИСТОРИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ

НАУКИ В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ
Authors: Сыдыков Анарбай
Published: January 2020

Аннотация: В статье изложены основные этапы развития этнолингвистической науки в Кыргызстане. Рассмотрены и прокомментированы источники ученых, чьи труды посвящены исследованию языка и культуры кыргызского народа. Этнолингвистика как наука о нарицательных и собственных именах в кыргызском языке имеет свою историю. Этнолингвистическая специальная литература, а также историческая, географическая, языковедческая, литературоведческая и прочая, начиная с древнейших времен до наших дней, показывает, что кыргызская этнолингвистика прошла следующие этапы своего развития:
Донаучный (Х-ХХ вв.) период. Эмпирическое разъяснение явлений ономастики; ХХ век является периодом формирования еще не этнолингвистики, но оно-
мастики как науки; Научный, или этнолингвистический этап. С конца 60-х годов ХХ века опубликованы книги, защищены диссертации, изданы словари.
Ключевые слова: этнолингвистика, ономастика, религия, тенгрианство, концепт, обрядность, антропоним, этноним, теоним.
Аннотация: Бул илимий макалада Кыргызстанда этнолингвистика илиминин өнүгүү тарыхынын негизги этаптары камтылды. Окумуштуулардын кыргыз элинин маданиятына жана тилине арналган илимий булактары иликтөөгө алынды. Этнолингвистиканын сөздөрдү жана атоолорду изилдеген илим катары кыргыз тилинде өзүнүн тарыхы бар. Этнолингвистикага арналган атайын адабияттар, ошондой эле тарыхый, географиялык, тил таануу, адабият таануу, жана башка булактар кыргыз
этнолингвистикасы өзүнүн өнүгүүсүндө төмөндөгүдөй этаптарды басып өткөнүн көрсөтүп турат:
Илимий изилдөөгө чейинки учур (Х-ХХ кк.). Ономастиканын көрүнүштөрүн эмпирикалык жол менен түшүндүрүү. ХХ кылым – этнолингвистиканы эмес, ономастиканы илим катары таануу учуру. Илимий, же этнолингвистикалык изилдөөлөр. ХХ кылымдын 60-жылдарынан баштап китептер жазылып, диссертациялар жакталып, сөздүктөр даярдалып, басмадан чыгып келе жатат.
Түйүндүү сөздөр: этнолингвистика, ономастикон, дин, теңир, концепт, каада-салт, антропоним, этноним, теоним.
Annotation: the article describes the main stages of the development of ethno-linguistic science in Kyrgyzstan. Sources of scientists’ works devoted to the study of the language and culture of the Kyrgyz people are reviewed and commented in the article.
Ethnolinguistics as a science of common and proper names in the Kyrgyz language
has its own history. Ethnolinguistic special literature, as well as historical, geographical,
linguistic, literary and other literature starting from the ancient times to the present day
shows that the Kyrgyz ethnolinguistics passed the following stages of its development:
The pre-scientific (X-XX centuries) period. Empirical explanation of onomastic
phenomena. The twentieth century is the period of the formation of not ethnolinguistics, but onomastics as a science. Scientific, or ethno-linguistic stage. Since the late 60s of the twentieth century, books and dictionaries have been published, dissertations have been defended.
Key words: ethnolinguistics, onomastics, religion, Tengriism, concept, ritual, anthroponym, ethnonym, theonym.
Uso do software livre QGIS (Quantum GIS) para ensino de Geoprocessamento em nível superior
Authors: Harumi Ito Marcia , Fonseca Filho Homero , Conti Luís Américo
Published: January 2020

Con la buena reputación del software libre de sistemas de información geográfica, se presenta la oportunidad para los cursos de pregrado adoptar estos sistemas, debido al ahorro y sobre todo por la calidad que puede ofrecer. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las percepciones de los estudiantes y profesor de la asignatura, sobre el uso del software libre Quantum GIS (QGIS) para enseñanza de Geoprocesamiento. Se aplicaron a los estudiantes cuestionarios con respuestas cerradas y abiertas, después realizaron análisis estadísticos. Se concluyó que 91% de los estudiantes no tenían conocimiento del QGIS; 87% lo utilizó por primera vez y QGIS fue bien evaluado por 89% de los estudiantes, lo que representa una excelente elección.
Deforestation in the Kayabi Indigenous Territory: Simulating and Predicting Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: De Alba Martínez Hugo
Published: January 2020

Land use/cover change practices in the Brazilian Amazon, such as cattle ranching, logging, agriculture, mining, and urbanization are the major contributors to deforestation and have major impacts on ecosystems and environmental processes at local, regional and global scales. A simulation of future landscape in the Kayabi Indigenous Territory in the Brazilian Amazon was carried out using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing and the IDRISI’s Land Change Modeler. The model was able to successfully simulate deforestation expansion in the region and identify the main landscape attributes driving anthropogenic disturbance expansion in the studied area. Distance from roads and distance from existing disturbance were found as the key factors driving deforestation in the Kayabi area.
etección digital de Sistemas Convectivos de Mesoescala a partir de imágenes meteorológicas multiespectrales
Authors: Ramírez Salomón , Lizarazo Ivan
Published: January 2020

La identificación exacta de Sistemas Convectivos de Mesoescala (SCM) no es una tarea sencilla. En el presente trabajo se aplicaron los algoritmos de aprendizaje de máquina (ML) no paramétricos Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial (SVM), Árboles de Decisión (DT) y Bosques Aleatorios (RF) para detectar SCM, a partir de una serie de sub-escenas de imágenes meteorológicas tomadas por el satélite GOES-13 el 03 de abril de 2013 cada media hora desde las 11:45 hasta las 22:15 horas, Tiempo Universal Coordinado (UTC), que cubren el territorio colombiano. Los resultados obtenidos por estos métodos fueron contrastados con el método tradicional denominado Temperatura de Brillo (TB). Para la evaluación de los resultados se empleó STEP (shape, theme, edge, position), un método que evalúa la similitud geométrica y temática entre objetos, tomando como referencia un conjunto de datos de alta exactitud extraído de imágenes de precipitación de la Misión para la Medición de Lluvias Tropicales (TRMM). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si al emplear información de varios canales espectrales de imágenes meteorológicas en lugar de usar un solo canal infrarojo (IR) como lo hacen las técnicas tradicionales, es posible obtener resultados más exactos en la detección de SCM. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que los algoritmos DT y RF proporcionan una detección más exacta que la obtenida por el algoritmo tradicional IR-TB para detectar SCM, mientras que los resultados del algoritmo SVM, sugieren que no es favorable su uso para aplicaciones prácticas. Los criterios de decisión del modelo de clasificación obtenido por DT podrían ser replicados varias veces en diferentes fechas sin realizar interpretación visual en cada imagen, siendo muy útil para aplicaciones operativas bajo el enfoque que aquí se presenta.
Chuyên san Dạy và Học - Số 8 - Kiên định
Authors: Hoang Anh-Duc , Giang Dang Thanh , Le Thanh Hang  , Dieu Nguyen Thi Hai , Hoang Quynh-Anh Giang , Nguyen Chi Yen , Diep Nguyen Ngoc , Le Thi Thuy Tram
Published: January 2020

Trong những năm gần đây, “Công dân toàn cầu” là một trong những chủ đề được bàn tán rộng nhưng chưa sâu. Chưa nói đến việc làm sao để có thể nuôi dưỡng những “Công dân toàn cầu”, ngay cả định nghĩa về nó cũng còn đang trong vòng tranh cãi. Thế nhưng, liệu chúng ta có cần một định nghĩa hay một hình mẫu về “Công dân toàn cầu” để rồi cứ thế rập khuôn cho các thế hệ học trò? Nếu quý vị cảm thấy điều đó là không cần thiết, mà chỉ cần có một “tâm thức toàn cầu”, thì Dạy & Học số này có thể bầu bạn cùng quý vị.Cụ thể, chuyên mục Học thế nào góp chút chất liệu với các bài viết “Làm thế nào để trở thành người tư duy toàn cầu?”, “Bên ngoài lớp học - Nơi những điều hoang dã đang diễn ra”, “Sự thay đổi bản chất của việc chơi”, và “Ứng dụng CNTT để cải thiện khả năng phát âm tiếng Anh hiệu quả”. Trong khi đó, cách đánh giá một mô hình lớp học đảo ngược hiệu quả, cũng như tính chủ động của lớp học - những điều sẽ càng trở nên phổ biến, được đề cập trong mục Dạy thế nào.Cuối cùng, một bài tổng lược các nghiên cứu giáo dục trong năm 2018, cùng một thông điệp kiên định gửi tới các nhà lãnh đạo trường học khép lại Dạy & Học số này.
Teaching and Learning English for Visually Impaired Students: An Ethnographic Case Study
Authors: Susanto Susanto , Nanda Deri Sis
Published: January 2020

In this article we report an ethnographic case study of observing the teaching and learning of English at a school for visually impaired students in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Data collection included student and teacher interviews. It also covered class observation and used a social constructivist framework of disability. The study revealed that the students received inadequate modifications of instruction in foreign language learning. However, the students used a variety of resources with the screen reader technology such as Non Visual Desktop Access (NVDA) and Job Access with Speech (JAWS). These findings suggest that visually impaired students actually can have unique ways of learning foreign language supported by the assistive technology. These abilities should be acknowledged to obtain the perspectives of students who receive disability specific education. Moreover, the study might provide a further facet to the research especially on the importance of learning strategies in special education.
AMPLIFIKASI GEN 16S-rRNA BAKTERI EPIFIT PADA ALGA MERAH Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Rico Taareluan Rico , Wantania Letha L , Ginting Elvy L , Mangindaan Remy E.P. , Kumampung Deislie R.H. , Kreckhoff Reni Lusia , Wullur Stnly
Published: January 2020

Bacteria are microscopic organism found living in marine algae.  So far, species of bacteria in marine algae are not well known.  In this study, epiphytic bacteria in algal species of Kappaphycus alvarezii (red algae) were isolated to amplify their 16S-rRNA gene. Sample K.alvarezii was collected from the island of Nain.  The isolated epiphytic bacteria from the red algae K.alvarezii were grown in Nutrient Broth (NB) media.  DNA extraction was carried out using InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit.  16SrRNA genes was performed using primer pair of 8F and 1492R. Two different character of epiphytic bacteria were successfully isolated from K. alvarezii.  16S-rRNA genes from the two isolates was successfully amplified, indicated by the presence of DNA band in each sample gel electrophoreses at around 1500 bp.Keywords : Amplification, 16S-rRNA Genes, Kappapchycus alvarezii, Bacterial, Epiphytic  Abstrak Bakteri adalah organisme mikroskopis yang ditemukan hidup di alga laut. Sejauh ini, spesies bakteri di alga laut belum dikenal. Dalam penelitian ini, bakteri epifit pada spesies alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (alga merah) diisolasi untuk memperkuat gen 16S-rRNA mereka. Sampel K.alvarezii dikumpulkan dari pulau Nain. Bakteri epifit terisolasi dari alga merah K.alvarezii ditanam dalam media Nutrient Broth (NB). Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit. Gen 16S-rRNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan pasangan primer 8F dan 1492R. Dua karakter bakteri epifit yang berbeda berhasil diisolasi dari K. alvarezii. Gen 16S-rRNA dari dua isolat berhasil diamplifikasi, ditunjukkan oleh adanya pita DNA pada setiap sampel gel elektroforesis sekitar 1500 bp. Kata Kunci: Amplifikasi, gen 16S-rRNA, Kappapycus alvarezii, Bakteri, Epifit
Minimization of Rental Cost for Specially Structured Scheduling Model with Setup Time and Transportation Time
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Maharishi Markandeshwaar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India., Bishnoi* Pradeep , Gupta Dr. Deepak ,   Professor and Head, Department of Mathematics, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India., Bala Dr. Shashi ,   Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Maharana Pratap College (Women), Mandi Dabwali, Sirsa, India.
Published: January 2020

In the paper under consideration we have developed a new heuristic technique, to get the optimal sequence in which the jobs are to be processed so as to minimize the utilization time for which the machines are required and hence optimize the total expenditure incurred in hiring the machines on rent in case of a two stage specially structured flow shop scheduling model under pre-defined rental policy in which the processing times and setup times are linked with their relative probabilities, together with time taken for transporting the jobs from one processing unit to the next unit. The study taken up is quite broader and relates to the state of affairs existing in industrial units. The method given in this paper is reasonably simple and easy to apply and also offer an important means for taking decision regarding achieving an optimal sequence of jobs. Algorithm given in this paper is also explained by means of a numerical example.
Secured Banking using Multilevel Authentication by Face Recognition and SIM Card Verification for ATMs
Authors:   Assistant Professor ,R.M.K. Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,, Basha* Dr. S. Mahaboob , Ramkumar Mr. V. ,   Assistant Professor, R.M.K. Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,, Reddy Mr. S. P. Vijaya Vardan ,   Assistant Professor , R.M.K. Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Bhuvaneswari Ms.V. ,   Assistant Professor, SRM Institute of Science and Technology,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kumar Mr.V.Praveen ,   Senior Engineer, Nagman Instrumentation and Electronics Pvt.Ltd, Chennai, TamilNadu, India.
Published: January 2020

Security in ATM centers has become the need of the hour. Now-a-days we hear lots of news about Money laundering from ATMs by using fraudulent cards. This incurs not only loss of money but also huge stress to the customers. To thwart this situation and to guarantee a secured and safe transaction we have proposed a multilevel authentication for allowing access to the customer’s account.In our prototype the first level of authentication through the SIM of the subscriber. If it is a valid SIM then the second level of security check is through Facial Recognition. The camera in the ATM unit captures the image of the person withdrawing the money and compares with the database in the bank’s server. If both are matching then access to the net banking is facilitated. We are also incorporating voice annunciator system to aid blind people which will guide them to perform the transaction with ease.
A Comprehensive Framework for Epidemic Response in Smart cities through Machine Learning and NFA
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, India,, Ilayarani* P. Punitha , Dominic M. Maria ,   Department of Computer Science, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, India
Published: January 2020

Expertise in early detection against intimidating devastation using preventive procedure is an extremely challenging mission of this modern civilization. Sudden increases in the number of cases of disease threaten public health security. Guiding the public for the period of emergency situations plays a crucial role and this procedure saves countless lives. In this paper, we have developed a predictive model. When Epidemic predicted earlier on a proper and speedy response, the losses can be mitigated with the help of learning technology in AI. We proposed a comprehensive framework for the Epidemic management system which employs cumulated knowledge base construction through Machine Learning and Non-Deterministic Finite Automata technique. In this investigation, Real-time data acquisition, sharing accurate information and precise decision making are greatly augmented. This proposed model will enhance the government agencies and responders to act upon at all outbreaks.