bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UTILIZAÇÃO DE MICRO-ORGANISMOS EFICAZES NO PROCESSO DE COMPOSTAGEM
Authors: Paredes Filho M. V. , Florentino L. A.
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do uso de micro-organismos eficazes no período de compostagem e na qualidade do composto orgânico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na usina de compostagem denominada Nutriorg Fabricação de Adubos Orgânicos LTDA, situada na cidade de São Sebastião da Bela Vista-MG, no período de março a junho de 2013, onde foram preparadas cinco leiras sem EM e cinco leiras com EM, onde as mesmas apresentaram 1,5 m de altura, 3 m de base e 100 m de comprimento, obtendo-se um volume de 225 m3 por leira. No tratamento com EM, foram adicionados 20 litros em cada leira. Os dados coletados foram submetidos ao teste t de Student ao nível de 5% de significância para comparar as médias das amostras obtidas nas amostras sem EM e com EM, onde avaliaram-se os parâmetros físico-químicos do composto orgânico. Foram avaliadas ainda, das amostras sem EM e com EM, a presença de agentes patogênicos e metais pesados para determinar a qualidade do composto produzido. Conclui-se que o EM reduziu o período de compostagem, proporcionando um composto fértil em menor tempo e consequentemente redução nos custos operacionais da usina de compostagem.
La espuma de la moda: sobre la actualidad y la pertinencia del texto Filosofía de la moda de George Simmel
Authors: Cano Ramírez Carlos Mario
Published: December 2016

El punto de partida de nuestra reflexión tiene que ver con el interés en hacer un análisis de la manera como uno de los fenómenos sociales contemporáneos, la moda, es entendido por George Simmel (1980 y ss.); a partir del abordaje de sus obras Filosofía de la moda (2011), Diagnóstico de la tragedia de la cultura moderna (2012), y Sociología: estudios sobre las formas de socialización (2014); donde los términos propuestos por este autor, como son el dualismo, la antimoda, la máscara, lo efímero, la imitación, la lucha de clases, la novedad, la envidia, lo frenético, y la liberación; son las coordenadas para instalar un análisis sobre la vigencia de este sociólogo y filósofo alemán y la pertinencia de sus teorías en momentos donde el fenómeno de la moda se reinventó a partir de la Revolución industrial y la Sociedad de consumo.
Migración, inseguridad y narcotráfico: Migrantes centroamericanos, rutas de tránsito e inseguridad por el noreste de México
Authors: López Recinos Vladimir , Arzaluz Solano Socorro
Published: December 2016

Este artículo examina las temáticas de la migración, la vulnerabilidad y la violencia, tomando en consideración algunos diagnósticos en materia de seguridad y un análisis sobre el caso específico de los migrantes centroamericanos en tránsito por el noreste de México. Combina información documental obtenida de diversas fuentes y una encuesta realizada en albergues de migrantes. Los estados de Tamaulipas, Nuevo León y Coahuila son una zona de vital importancia no sólo para migrantes sino que también para traficantes de personas y de drogas. Algunos de los puntos a exponer son: el incremento de los flujos migratorios y las nuevas rutas de tránsito. El tema central es mostrar los riesgos y peligros que a diario enfrentan los migrantes a raíz del incremento de medidas de seguridad y el clima de violencia en el corredor migratorio de México-Estados Unidos. El objetivo es demostrar con evidencia empírica porqué el noreste de México se ha convertido en la ruta más peligrosa para los centroamericanos en tránsito por México.
Conformational polymorphysm of G-rich fragments of DNA Alu-repeats. II. the putative role of G-quadruplex structures in genomic rearrangements
Authors: Varizhuk A.M. , Sekridova A.V. , Tankevich M.V. , Podgorsky V.S. , Smirnov I.P. , Pozmogova G.E.
Published: December 2016

Three evolutionary conserved sites of Alu repeats (PQS2, PQS3 and PQS4) were shown to form stable inter- and intramolecular G-quadruplexes (GQs) in vitro. Structures and topologies of these GQs were elucidated using spectral methods. Self-association of G-rich Alu fragments was studied. Dimeric GQ formation from two distal identical or different putative quadruplex sites – (PQS2)2, (PQS3)2 or PQS2-PQS3 – within one lengthy DNA strand was demonstrated by a FRET-based method. Oligomer PQS4 (folded into a parallel intramolecular GQ) was shown to form stacks of quadruplexes that are stabilized by stacking interactions of external G-tetrads (this was confirmed by DOSY NMR, AFM microscopy and differential CD spectroscopy). Comparative analysis of the properties of various GQs allowed us to put forward a hypothesis of two general mechanisms of intermolecular GQ-dependant genomic rearrangements: 1) formation of a dimeric GQs; 2) association of pre-folded intramolecular parallel GQs from different strands into GQ-stacks. Thus, the observed co-localization of G-rich motifs of Alu elements with double-strand break hotspots and rearrangement hotspots may be accounted for by the specific secondary structure of these motifs. At the same time, this is likely primarily due to high abundance of such G-rich Alu fragments in the genome.
The effect of neuroprotector isatin on binding of some model proteins with beta-amyloid peptide: a biosensor study
Authors: Buneeva O.A. , Gnedenko O.V. , Medvedeva M.V. , Ivanov A.S. , Medvedev A.E.
Published: December 2016

The amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 formed during proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a key role in the development or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other pathologies associated with formation of protein aggregates in the central nervous system. Recent proteomic profiling of mouse and rat brain preparations by means of beta-amyloid peptide immobilized on Affigel-10 revealed a large group of amyloid-binding proteins (n>80). Many (about 25%) of these proteins were previously identified as isatin-binding proteins. The aim of this study was to validate direct interaction between beta-amyloid peptide and highly purified intact and oxidized peroxiredoxin, M-type pyruvate kinase, alpha-enolase, and the effect of isatin on this interaction. The study performed using SPR-based Biacore 3000 and Biacore X100 biosensors has shown that all the proteins form molecular complexes with immobilized beta-amyloid peptide. The Kd values for these complexes varied from 8.36х10^-8 M (peroxiredoxin) to 1.97х10^-6 M (alpha-enolase). Oxidative modification of investigated proteins caused opposite effects on complexes of these peptides with beta-amyloid. The endogenous neuroprotector isatin increased dissociation of complexes formed by beta-amyloid peptide with both intact proteins (peroxiredoxin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and/or oxidized proteins (peroxiredoxin, pyruvate kinase) used in this study.
A descriptive study on the surgical anatomy of external laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroidectomies at a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: P. S. Rajesh , Kamalakshy Jisha , T. Saravanan
Published: December 2016

Background: The superior laryngeal nerve divides into two branches, external and internal at the level of the hyoid bone. The relationship of the external branch with the superior thyroid artery and the upper pole of the thyroid gland is variable. Due to this it is at risk of injury while ligating the superior pedicle during thyroidectomy.Methods: The position of the external laryngeal nerve in 110 patients undergoing thyroidectomy in a tertiary care center in south India over a period of one year was assessed. The nerves were identified by opening up the Reeve’s avascular plane near the superior pole of the thyroid gland. The positions were identified and classified based on Cernea’s classification. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version.Results: The nerve could be identified on the left side in 109 cases (99.1%) and 106 cases (96.4%) on the right side. Cernea’s IIa was the most common position on the left side (46.4%), followed by IIb (35.5%) and I (17.3%). On the right side IIb was the most common position (40%), followed by IIa (36.4%) and I (20%). Overall the most common position was IIa (41.36%).Conclusions: It is possible to identify the external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve with careful dissection. Large proportion of the position of the external laryngeal nerve is IIB, which would be at very high risk of injury if the superior pedicle is ligated without identifying it.
Tubercular otitis media: an under diagnosed entity
Authors: Maheshwari Abhishek , Panigrahi Rajlaxmi
Published: December 2016

Background: Tubercular otitis media (TOM) is a well described rare entity in literature. Its characteristic diagnostic delay leads to severe irreversible complications. Diagnosis is much more difficult when it co-exists with aural cholesteatoma. Its Actual incidence is thought to be much more, than what is reported in literature. This study was carried out to establish TOM as an under diagnosed entity and to study its various presentations.

Methods: A prospective study was performed in 617 cases (both recurrence and new) of chronic otitis media who gave a fully informed consent, for being investigated for a probable diagnosis of TOM, based on history and clinical findings. Histopathological examination of the granulation tissue retrieved during biopsy/mastoid exploration surgery and mycobacterial culture of the aural discharge was performed in all cases. A final diagnosis was made with either of tests being reported as positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. All confirmed cases were treated with a 6 month course of anti-tubercular therapy.  

Results: Diagnosis of TOM was confirmed in 12 cases. M:F ratio was 1:1.4. Cholesteatoma was found to co-exist in 4 cases (33.33%). A positive histopathology report was obtained in 11 cases (91.67%) while the mycobacterial culture yielded growth in 3 cases (25%) only. Canal wall down mastoidectomy was performed in 9 cases. In all cases, a follow-up with a 6 months course of anti-tubercular therapy gave satisfactory healing with no complications.

Conclusions: The incidence of TOM, a potentially dangerous entity is on a rise. Role of surgery is crucial in procuring tissue for histopathological and bacteriological examination.  It is a curable disease if diagnosed in time with early institution of anti-tubercular therapy.
Facial nerve branching pattern as seen in parotidectomy in Kashmiri population: our experience
Authors: Khaliq Baba Aijaz , Nisar Jasif , Yousuf Aamir , Maqbool Tabish , Ahmad Rauf
Published: December 2016

Background: A prospective study to analyze the facial nerve branching pattern as seen in various parotidectomy surgeries in Kashmiri population. Main objective was to find out various branching patterns among peripheral branches of facial nerve in parotid tissue so that new young ENT surgeons could get benefited and it should be easy for them to perform parotid surgeries with less complications and unpredictable outcome.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted in 35 patients undergoing superficial parotidectomy in our department of otorhinolaryngology GMC Srinagar over a period of one and half year. Facial nerve branching pattern was classified according to the description given by Davis et al. Branching pattern of main trunk was also observed in all cases.  

Results: The most common type of branching pattern of facial nerve in our study was type I seen in 12 (34.2%) patients, followed by type III seen in 9 (25.7%), followed by type II in 5 (14.2%), type IV in 4 (11.4%) patients, followed by type V in 3 (8.5%) and VI in 2 (5.7%).

Conclusions: Type I branching pattern is the most common branching pattern of the facial nerve (34.2%) followed by type III (25.7%), following the pattern as described by Davis. Main trunk was found single in 32 (91.4%%) patients however in 3 (8.57%) patients trunk was dividing in 2 branches before dividing in peripheral branching pattern as described above. 
Training related ENT morbidity: a study amongst cadets of a military training institute
Authors: Raj Poonam
Published: December 2016

Background: Military training involves a harsh and rigorous regimen leading to inadvertent injury and bodily dysfunction. The ear, nose and throat are vulnerable given the nature of the training, which invariably involves combative sports and organized firing practice, which may lead to increased morbidity. This article is based on a population study of training related ENT morbidity amongst cadets undergoing training at a military institute.

Methods: The study was carried out in three parts including determinations of morbidity statistics due to ENT illnesses amongst cadets during training, awareness levels and attitudes of cadets towards common ENT ailments and effect of military training on the audiometric parameters.  

Results: Daily cadet sick report was 250 – 270 a month with 21% being respiratory/ENT in nature. Of these 33% were nasal trauma, 18% ear ache with uri, 12% hearing loss/tinnitus, 25% throat symptoms and 12% with allergic symptoms. Overall incidence of hearing loss during the study period was 60.1 per thousand per year, which was mostly transitory.

Conclusions: Injuries caused due to training lead to loss of motivation and reduction in combat efficacy as a result of decreased training time. Increasing awareness and better planned training schedules are the need of the hour. 
A study of deep space infections of neck
Authors: T. D. Thimmappa , S. Ramesh , M. Nagraj , K. S. Gangadhara
Published: December 2016

Background: The objective of the study was to analyse the signs and symptoms, etiology, site and outcome of deep space infections of neck.

Methods: This was retrospective study and included 50 patients admitted with deep neck space infections to Government Mc Gann teaching hospital SIMS, Shimoga, Karnataka, India between January 2009 – January 2015.  

Results: The extreme age group, high virulence of organism, underlying clinical conditions, low socioeconomic groups are vulnerable for above infections. Mortality in 3 cases was due to mediastinitis and extended space infection.

Conclusions: Deep neck space infection is still a challenging disease in otorhinolaryngology. Early surgical drainage remains the main method of treating deep neck abscesses and conservative medical treatment are effective in selective cases that have minimal cellulitis.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in the maxilla: a rare benign tumour in an uncommon site
Authors: Rao R. Soorya , K. S. Ravi
Published: December 2016

We report a case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) in the maxilla in a boy aged 17 years. AOT is an odontogenic tumour arising from the enamel or dental lamina.  AOT is rare and it represents 3–7% of all odontogenic tumors. This lesion affects young girls and is associated with an impacted tooth, usually canine. This case is presented to highlight the presentation of the tumour in a male patient and in an uncommon site, the left upper 1st molar. Differentiating this benign tumor from other lesions is difficult before surgical management and histopathological examination is important in accurate diagnosis.  
Transnasal hypophysectomy in conchal sella: a case report
Authors: Arora Archana , Munjal Manish , Singh Damanpreet
Published: December 2016

The trans-sphenoid access to the pituitary gland is the most common approach for pituitary adenomas. The different routes to the sella ultimately traverse the sphenoid sinus. Therefore the anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus have major impact on the surgical access. The conchal non-pneumatized sphenoid was always considered to be a contraindication to the trans-sphenoid approach to the sella. The preset study was conducted on a  50 year old male with conchal sella with chief complains of headache and associated loss of vision in left eye is being reported. MRI brain and sella (with contrast) showed evidence of well-defined altered signal intensity in sellar and suprasellar region 12×18×15 mm. DNE showed posterior septectomy defect from previous surgery. Anterior wall of sphenoid was thick and no other landmark was identified. Keeping in midline using the sphenoid rostrum as landmark, drilling was started in 1×0.5 cm area and continued till a depth of around 1 cm till dura was visualized. Intra operative confirmation of the sphenoid and sella was done using C-ARM. It can be utilized to confirm surgical landmarks to access the sella through the sphenoid sinus accurately even in poorly pneumatized sphenoid.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity- an unusual presentation
Authors: Arora Archana , Sharma Karan
Published: December 2016

Pleomorphic adenomas (mixed tumors) are the most common benign tumor of the major salivary glands. In addition, they may also occur in the minor salivary glands of the hard and soft palate. Intranasal pleomorphic adenomas are unusual. We report a rare case of large sized pleomorphic adenoma arising from the nasal septum. A 42-year-old man presented with a 3 month history of multiple episodes of nasal bleeding and obstruction on right side of nose. On examination we found a non-tender firm mass extending upto the nasal vestibule which bled on probing. Computed tomographic scans revealed a mass in the right anterior nasal cavity and spur on left side. Paranasal sinuses, posterior choanae and nasopharynx were normal. An intranasal endoscopic approach was used to achieve a wide local resection along with coagulation of base and spurectomy on the left side. The mass was 2.5×2.0 cm with a broad based attachement of 1.0 cm on the nasal septum. The microscopic finding showed a lobular and duct-like structures consisting of a loose chondromyxoid stroma suggestive of a pleomorphic adenoma. Large sized nasal cavity mass with history of epistaxis and which bleeds on probing should be finally assessed under general anaesthesia. It should be excised endoscopically and subjected to histopathological examination.
Modelagem de Defeitos em Circuitos Integrados na Perspectiva do Leiaute
Authors: Soares Larissa De Melo , De Souza Cleonilson Protásio
Published: December 2016

O aumento da densidade de transistores em circuitos integrados (CIs), em virtude dos avanços da tecnologia de fabricação, tornaram os procedimentos de testes de CIs mais complexos ao passo que quanto maior a densidade, menor é o espaçamento entre os componentes e suas conexões, aumentando a probabilidade de haver falhas entre os componentes na presença de defeitos físicos. Em virtude da redução no espaçamento, os modelos de falhas clássicos, que representam defeitos físicos em circuitos integrados, já não satisfazem os requisitos atuais para testes. Por isso, atualmente tem-se estudado modelos de falhas que sejam baseados no próprio leiaute do CI e não mais somente em seu diagrama em nível lógico ou em nível de transistores. Tais modelos visam analisar o leiaute como um todo e verificar os pontos mais prováveis de acontecer uma falha em consequência de um possível defeito físico. Neste trabalho é feito um estudo dos modelos de falhas clássicos e os modelos baseados na perspectiva do leiaute, e são explanados os conceitos de tipos de falhas, defeitos e elementos parasitas. 
Tratamiento de aguas eutrofizadas de la bahía interior de Puno, Perú, con el uso de dos Macrófitas
Authors: Jimenez Monroy Luis Llberto , Jahuira Huarcaya Faustino Adolfo , Ibañez Quispe Vladimiro
Published: December 2016

La investigación tuvo como propósito determinar los niveles de Nitrógeno Total (NT) y Fósforo Total (PT) de las aguas contaminadas de la bahía interior de la ciudad de Puno, del sector denominado Isla Espinar, de la boca toma de muelle, sector Huaje, y evaluar la eficiencia de dos macrófitas, como el Elodea Canadensis Michax (llacho) y Myriophyllum Quitensis Kunth (hinojo) para la remoción del Nitrógeno y Fósforo. Para valorar las muestras, procedentes del sector Parinas de la Península de Chucuito, se trabajó en el Mega Laboratorio de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno (UNA-Puno). Se consideraron para el estudio las aguas contaminadas de los sectores, con mezcla (agua patrón + agua del sector) y sin dilución, desde 00 a 30 días y desde 30 a 60 días. El Nitrógeno Total se determinó utilizándose el método Kjeldahl, y para la cuantificación del Fósforo Total se utilizó el método del ácido ascórbico. El diseño experimental fue de tipo factorial. Los resultados mostraron que el contenido medio de Nitrógeno Total fue de 2.21 mg NT/L; mientras que del Fósforo Total fue de 1.36 mg PT/L. Estos valores son altos respecto del nivel aceptable de las aguas de la bahía, lo que permite sostener que la bahía interior de la ciudad de Puno está eutrofizado. Por otra parte, la Myriophyllum Quitensis, analizados en acuarios, en aguas diluidas, es más eficiente para absorber el Nitrógeno Total (NT) hasta 35 días; mientras que la Elodea Canadensis es más eficaz para remover los iones de Fósforo Total (PT) a los 29 días y, sin diluir, hasta los 37 días. Este método es una alternativa para remediar las aguas de la bahía interior de la ciudad de Puno, Perú.
Modelación hidrológica semidistribuida en la región hidrográfica del Titicaca: caso de estudio cuenca del río Ramis, Perú
Authors: Lujano Laura Efrain , Sosa Sarmiento Jesus David , Lujano Laura Apolinario , Lujano Laura Rene
Published: December 2016

La presente investigación se realizó en la cuenca del río Ramis, ubicado en la región hidrográfica del Titicaca, Perú, con el objetivo de calibrar y validar el modelo hidrológico Sacramento (SAC-SMA) desde un enfoque semidistribuido. La información hidrometeorológica utilizada de precipitación pluvial, temperatura y caudal, corresponden a una serie de registro 2005 – 2016. La metodología de interpolación espacial de datos meteorológicos en la estación virtual, fue estimada mediante el procedimiento de Shepard y la evapotranspiración potencial por el modelo de Turc, estas metodologías vienen incorporados en la plataforma RS-MINERVE y son estimaciones automatizadas. La fase de calibración y validación del modelo, se realizó de forma aleatoria con el 70% y 30% del total de datos respectivamente. La evaluación estadística de eficiencia y error fueron medidos a través del coeficiente de Nash, coeficiente de Nash para valores del logaritmo y raíz del error medio cuadrático relativo. Los resultados son satisfactorios y se afirma que las salidas del modelo hidrológico representan adecuadamente los caudales de avenida y estiaje, constituyéndose como una alternativa para el fortalecimiento del pronóstico hidrológico a paso de tiempo diario del rio Ramis.
Propuesta de Conceptualización de Requisitos para Proyectos Software Basados en Formalismos de Ingeniería de Conocimiento
Authors: Ferrer Lautaro
Published: December 2016

El proceso de conceptualización de requisitos para Proyectos Software basados en formalismos de Ingeniería de Conocimiento presenta una serie de inconvenientes al identificarlos. En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de conceptualización de requisitos para Proyectos Software basados en formalismos de Ingeniería de Conocimiento que se estructura en dos fases: (a) Análisis Orientado al Problema: cuya finalidad es comprender el problema planteado por el usuario que concluye en la conceptualización del modelo de conocimiento para Proyectos Software, y (b) Análisis Orientado al Producto: cuya finalidad consiste en la obtención de los modelados que determinarán la manera de construir el sistema software en cuestión, dependiendo de lo analizado en la primera fase. Se proponen ocho tareas que articulan cada una de las técnicas que componen las fases del proceso propuesto.
O trabalho infantil doméstico nas economias periféricas dependentes
Authors: Lira Terçália Suassuna Vaz , Peruzzo Juliane Feix
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho analisa o trabalho infantil doméstico na sociedade capitalista contemporânea e sua funcionalidade no atual contexto de crise estrutural do capital e de superexploração da força de trabalho no Brasil. Trata-se de uma análise das determinações presentes na persistente exploração do trabalho infantil nas economias periféricas dependentes. A exploração do trabalho infantil doméstico no contexto contemporâneo reflete a sobrecarga de trabalho imposta á mulher pelo aumento da sua inserção em espaços produtivos e as baixas condições salariais, associadas à quase inexistente alteração na cultura familiar que atribuí as mulheres as responsabilidades com os afazeres domésticos, configurando-se assim a exploração da exploração que se afirma frente o aviltamento do trabalho, que coloca a mulher no centro dos processos contemporâneos de superexploração do trabalho e da exploração do trabalho infantil doméstico.
Hacking político: crime cibernético ou manifestação legal de protesto?
Authors: Farias Mota Bárbara Maria , Hayashi Renato , Tôrres Fernandes Antônio
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho discute as controvérsias em torno de protestos online transgressivos (DDoS, Deface e Leak) a partir da atuação da rede hacktivista Anonymous. Diferentemente de outras formas de manifestações no ambiente virtual, esse tipo de intervenção – coordenada por indivíduos com expertise computacional – encontra-se na fronteira entre o que é ou não politicamente permissível e lícito. Frente a isso, são confrontadas as principais interpretações que permeiam esse debate, concedendo-se especial atenção à abordagem do tema pela legislação brasileira, que tipifica esses atos como delitos informáticos. Essa perspectiva contrasta com a compreensão de que esses atos são socialmente justificáveis como manifestações legais de protesto, a depender de seus propósitos. Este trabalho espera contribuir para os futuros debates acerca das novas táticas de ação na esfera pública interconectada e para o aperfeiçoamento da legislação brasileira sobre o tema.
Mobilidade do capital, migrações e Política Social: elementos para o debate
Authors: Nascimento Nádia Socorro Fialho
Published: December 2016

De início concordamos com a autora quanto à complexidade do tema das migrações e destacamos que a intensidade dos fluxos migratórios na contemporaneidade extrapola os limites de uma tragédia humanitária – que ela, na sua forma fenomênica, o é -, configurando-se numa verdadeira tragédia societária. A precarização da força de trabalho – seja ela migrante ou não -, não encontra retaguarda nas políticas sociais, especialmente na quadra neoliberal[1] e é mesmo agravada diante do recrudescimento dos processos migratórios em todo o planeta. A velocidade desses processos se faz acompanhar, e não poderia ser diferente na sociedade do capital, de uma proporcional degradação das condições de vida e trabalho de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras que, além de sua intrínseca exploração sob o capitalismo, encontram-se agora submetidos a novas e acentuadas formas de precarização a partir das últimas décadas do século XX e início do século XXI.[1] A esse respeito ver os artigos das professoras Aldaíza Sposati, Berenice Rojas e Ivanete Boschetti na Seção Debates da Revista ARGUMENTUM no número anterior a este.
Mobilidade do capital e barreiras às migrações: desafios à política social
Authors: Ferraz Ana Targina Rodrigues
Published: December 2016

Trata o presente editorial de apresentação do número 03 do volume 08 da revista Argumentum, do tema do número e de um resumo dos artigos publicados.
Вклад А.В. Чаянова в развитие аграрной экономической теории
Authors: Косников Сергей Николаевич , Заводова Екатерина Максимовна
Published: December 2016

Одним из выдающихся экономистов-аграриев является Александр Васильевич Чаянов, разработавший теорию «качественных преимуществ» крестьянского хозяйства. Собранная им концепция позволила объяснить многие особенности экономического поведения крестьянского хозяйства в России и учитывать их при формировании аграрной политики на любом этапе исторического развития не только в нашей стране, но и за рубежом.
Обеспечение эффективности функционирования продовольственного рынка региона в условиях конкурентной среды
Authors: Дохолян Сергей Владимирович , Вартанова Марина Львовна
Published: December 2016

Конкуренция служит фундаментом рыночных методов ведения хозяйства, основой формирования и проявления конкурентоспособности, влияет на характер и формы взаимоотношений между субъектами рынка. В статье авторы попытались подробно рассмотреть конкуренцию и как элемент рынка, при помощи которого уравновешивается спрос и предложение, и как тип отраслевого рынка, где рассматривается степень зависимости рыночных условий от поведения отдельных участников.
Testing strategies of pigs for measurement of feed efficiency: relative improvement in feed efficiency from relying solely on indirect selection compared to indirect selection for faster growth rate and higher percent lean
Authors: Kenchaiwong Wootichai , Duangjinda Monchai , Boonkum Wuttigrai , Mabry. John W.
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to compare different testing strategies of pigs involving direct measurement of feed efficiency in pig. Using simulated data software, we collected individual information for FCR and grouped trials into direct and indirect measurement. The direct FCR included measurement of FCR in both sexes (100M-100F), in boars only (100M), in 50% of boars and 50% of gilts (50M-50F), and in only 50% of boars (50M-0F). Direct measures of FCR (0M-0F) in indirect selection were not used. The highest and the lowest genetic regression responses in FCR were observed for 100M-100F and indirect selection scenarios (0M-0F). Among direct selection, the increase in genetic progress was directly related to the percent of pigs tested for FCR. Using FCRs records more than 50% (50M-50F or 100M) can raise response higher than 80%. Meanwhile, 0M-0F showed a loss in genetic gain more than 50% when compared with 100M-100F. These results suggest using direct measurements on at least 50% of all pigs for genetic evaluation in FCR.
Combined effect of different casing and liquid smoked concentration on the shelf - life of sausages produced from fish (Capoeta umbla)
Authors: Ozpolat Emine , Patir Bahri
Published: December 2016

The effect of different casings and liquid smoking solution on the shelf life of new types of sausage from fish (Capoeta umbla) meat was investigated. For preparation of new sausages two casings were used viz. natural casing (N) and synthetic casing (S). The sausages were prepared by adding liquid smoke at 0.1% and 0.5% concentrations. Nutrient compositions of produced sausages were determined on the first day. Microbial, chemical and sensory changes were analyzed throughout the storage time. Results highlighted that fish meat was suitable to produce sausage. Both types of casing exerted similar nutrient composition, microbiological and chemical properties. In general, the highest sensory scores were recorded for the natural casing and 0.1% liquid smoke added sausage.
Business Administration And Computer Science Degrees Earnings, Job Security, And Job Satisfaction
Authors: Mehta Kamlesh , Uhlig Ronald
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the potential of business administration vs. computer science degrees in terms of earnings, job security, and job satisfaction. The paper focuses on earnings potential five years and ten years after the completion of business administration and computer science degrees.  Moreover, the paper presents the income changes with promotion and lifetime earnings expectations of both the business administration and computer science graduates.
Using Web-Based Homework To Teach Principles Of Microeconomics: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Mitchell Jeannette C. , Mitchell Johanna E.
Published: December 2016

This study evaluates an interactive web-based homework designed to increase student understanding in a principles of microeconomics course. Employing concepts from Action Research, the preliminary investigation was undertaken based on assumptions about the efficacy of online educational resources. Do students who do well on online homework improve performance on exams? Which characteristics of students explain achievement differences? The authors address these questions in relation to the use of a web-based, interactive online homework service which accompanied the text.  An econometric model using exam performance as the dependent variable and various course component and demographic characteristics as independent variables.  The study found no statistically significant impact of online homework on the mean exam score. This preliminary study indicated no gender, ethnicity, class standing, or declared major impact on exam performance though the limited degrees of freedom make generalization questionable.  The only statistically significant predictor was shown to be GPA.
Addressing The Challenge Of Strategic Alignment Faced By Small And Medium-Sized Entities During The Selection Of Accounting Software Packages
Authors: Bishop William Arthur
Published: December 2016

Alignment between an entity’s strategic business objectives and its information systems (ISs) has recently received research attention. Currently, small and medium-sized entities (SMEs) still face the challenge of successfully aligning their strategic business objectives with their ISs. Various small generic accounting software packages are available for purchase by SMEs. These accounting packages all have functionalities that enable SMEs to keep proper accounting records. However, due to their generic nature, these accounting packages do not always have sufficient functionalities to drive the SMEs’ strategic business objectives, resulting in IS misalignment.  Not selecting the correct accounting software package will result in the accounting software not addressing the strategic business needs of the SME.  The purpose of this study is to review and discuss the challenges faced by SMEs when selecting generic accounting packages and to develop a mapping between strategic business objectives commonly found within SMEs and software package functionalities that SMEs can refer to during the selection and implementation of new accounting software packages. This is accomplished on a non-empirical basis through a review of pertinent literature. In order for a SME to select the correct accounting software package, it is important that it invest time and effort in considering the software functionalities provided by the software package and map it against its strategic business imperatives to prevent failure of the package.
The Effect Of Mandatory Regulation On Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting Quality: Evidence From China
Authors: Wang Jianling , Tian Gaoliang , Fan Weiguo , Luo Dan
Published: December 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure has attracted attention from regulatory bodies and academics over the past few decades. Due to the unreliability resulted from CSR voluntary disclosure, an increasing number of researchers are calling for more government regulation on CSR disclosure. Based on 1830 standalone CSR reports disclosed by the Chinese-listed firms during 2009-2012, we examine the effect of mandatory regulation on CSR reporting quality. We further hypothesize and test for the moderating effect of firm size and other characteristics on the link between government regulation on CSR reporting quality. Our results suggest that government mandatory regulation leads to an overall improvement in CSR reporting quality. We also find that this positive effect is greater when firms are larger and have better financial performance, but less when firms are controlled by government. Our study provides a direct answer to the recent calling for mandatory disclosure on CSR reports, and helps to understand why recent studies of social disclosure regulation suggest that government interventions do not seem to resolve the problems that are generally attributed to voluntary disclosures. Our findings should be of interest to the academics, regulators, and investors.
Transfer Pricing As A Vehicle In Corporate Tax Avoidance
Authors: Barker Joel , Asare Kwadwo , Brickman Sharon
Published: December 2016

Using transfer pricing, U.S. Corporations are able to transfer revenues to foreign affiliates with a lower corporate tax rates.  The Internal Revenue Code requires intercompany transactions to comply with the “Arm’s Length Principle” in order to prevent tax avoidance.   We describe and use elaborate examples to explain how US companies exploit flexibility in the tax code to employ transfer pricing and related tax reduction and avoidance methods. We discuss recent responses by regulatory bodies.
The Effect Of Ethical Culture Leadership Qualities, Entrepreneurship And Innovation On The Performance Of Government Linked Companies
Authors: Said Jamaliah , Hasan Shamimul , Saimin Hussin , Omar Normah
Published: December 2016

Government-linked companies (GLCs) play an essential role in the expansion of the Malaysian economy. GLCs are contributing a significant percentage of the nation’s gross capital formation and National Gross Domestic Product and they have been regarded as instruments of national growth and supplementing government’s effort in promoting social and economic goals. Nevertheless, the performance of GLCs remains as a major concern. Although many research have been done on organisations and enterprises there is lack of research done on GLCs’ performance. Previously, the performance of GLCs in Malaysia has been affected by the poor performance of its key companies such as Proton Holdings Berhad and Malaysia Airline System (MAS). Hence, this study attempts to examine on the effect of ethical culture practices, leadership qualities, entrepreneurship orientation, and innovation existence towards the performance of Malaysian GLCs. In this study, the data is gathered via questionnaires survey collected from 102 state and federal level GLCs. The results of coefficient of independent variables showed that leadership qualities and innovation are positively correlated with organisational performance. This study suggests to improve the performance of GLCs through emphasizing on leadership qualities and placing high emphasis on innovation.
Do Bank Loans Curb Corporate Moral Hazard?
Authors: Choi Paul Moon Sub , Choi Joung Hwa
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we discuss optimal contract drafting between a lender with deficient monitoring capabilities and an agency-ridden borrower with insufficient budget to finance an investable project. The theoretical implications are as follows: First, the first best solution (FBS) is achievable under no hidden action. However, the borrower’s action is hardly observable in practice. Second, with unobservable managerial decisions the borrower exerts sub-optimal effort (moral hazard), and the probability of default increases. Lastly, with a penalizing discretion entitled to the bank on a long-term contract, the financial intermediary will be able to control the firm’s managerial action effectively such that the solution is equivalent to the FBS attained under no hidden action. Empirical implications are followed.
Using Social Media As Historical Marketing Tool For Heritage Sites In Eastern New York State
Authors: Pepe Michael S. , Bournique Rachel
Published: December 2016

Heritage tourism marketing has been studied around the globe with many different areas of focus. This study examines heritage site marketing techniques in New York State and uses three research objectives: (1) to determine what marketing techniques are currently being used by heritage sites (2)  examine how the heritage sites use social media and (3) determine social media best practices for heritage sites and recommendations for improvement. Findings show that New York State heritage sites primary use word of mouth marketing, relationship marketing, and e-marketing. Social media is used to communicate mostly with adults and seniors but do not focus heavily on millennials which is a major issue as identified in the study. Finally, the preferred social media platforms used by heritage sites are websites and Facebook, which are effective tools for visitor engagement, marketing events, programs and exhibits, and attracting new visitors.
The Positive Outlook Of The Last In First Out Inventory Methods
Authors: Harris Peter , Harris Anthony
Published: December 2016

Until very recently, the Last In First Out method (LIFO) was under severe scrutiny from the financial community, and its repeal as an acceptable accounting method seemed imminent. There were pressures from the Securities and Exchange Commission and the International Financial Accounting Standards Board to standardize accounting standards worldwide. In addition, there were political pressures imposed by US Congress to raise additional revenues.  Both groups strongly oppose LIFO. However, an SEC Report issued in July 2012 has greatly renewed the lifeline of LIFO indefinitely. In the unlikely case of its ultimate repeal, the author presents some tax opportunities available in this transition period.
Single-valued Neutrosophic planar graphs
Authors: Akram Muhammad
Published: December 2016

We apply the concept of single-valued neutrosophic sets to  multigraphs, planar graphs and  dual graphs. We introduce the notions of  single-valued neutrosophic  multigraphs, single-valued neutrosophic planar graphs, and single-valued neutrosophic dual graphs. We illustrate these concepts with examples. We also investigate some of their  properties.
A proteção do meio ambiente como garantia fundamental e a responsabilidade patrimonial do Estado
Authors: Oliveira José Carlos de , Pires Alex Facciolo , Perez Filho Augusto Martinez
Published: December 2016

A preocupação ambiental atinge diretamente o ser humano, individual e coletivamente, a ponto de as constiuições democráticas modernas terem garantido em seus preceitos a proteção ao meio ambiente sadio. Por outro lado, o incremento das ações estatais na vida dos administrados amplia os riscos de produção de danos, que deverão ser objeto de responsabilização patrimonial a favor da sociedade.
Alterações em contratos administrativos uma discussão da determinação do valor inicial do contrato
Authors: Rigatto Silvia Helena , Carvalho Walter Weider de
Published: December 2016

Este artigo é resultado de um processo de investigação e utilização dos conhecimentos acadêmicos, no qual se propõe uma reflexão interdisciplinar entre Direito e Administração Pública. Considera-se que os atos emanados dos agentes públicos devem ser pautados na legalidade e na celeridade como requisitos de eficiência e dinamismo da Administração Pública no contexto do novo gerencialismo e que o Direito e o ato normativo também devem ser dinâmicos, contextualizados e integrados à Administração Pública. No entanto, a morosidade do procedimento burocrático exigido para o estrito cumprimento da lei obsta a eficiência da gestão pública. Os recursos do legalismo jurídico presente também nas atividades executivas e gerenciais da Administração Pública no Brasil são insuficientes para resolver os fatos jurídicos. Assim, propõe-se a possibilidade de se construírem soluções jurídicas articuladas com a eficiência da Administração Pública e pautadas nos Princípios Constitucionais para se alterarem os contratos administrativos de natureza continuada.
Supremacia do interesse público, direitos fundamentais e a proporcionalidade nos atos das Agências Reguladoras
Authors: Wacheleski Marcelo Paulo
Published: December 2016

Este artigo se destina ao estudo da aplicação da proporcionalidade como critério de definição dos limites da atuação das Agências na competência de regulação. O objetivo geral é estabelecer a teoria geral dos direitos fundamentais como limite para supremacia do interesse público quando da atividade regulatória das Agências. A primeira hipótese construída é a de que essa supremacia somente encontrará legitimidade no texto constitucional quando voltada à consecução dos direitos fundamentais. Outra hipótese defendida é a de que os atos de regulação das Agências violam o texto constitucional quando sob o fundamento da supremacia do interesse público e da garantia dos interesses da coletividade que afastem a proteção constitucional dada aos direitos fundamentais. Na proposta defendida, a supremacia somente terá fundamento constitucional a partir do sopesamento pelo critério da proporcionalidade, entre os interesses da coletividade e os direitos fundamentais.
Determinants of Health Care Services Utilization among First Generation Afghan Migrants in Istanbul
Authors: Alemi Qais , Stempel Carl , Koga Patrick Marius , Smith Valerie , Danis Didem , Baek Kelly , Montgomery Susanne
Published: December 2016

(1) Background: There is insufficient empirical evidence on the correlates of health care utilization of irregular migrants currently living in Turkey. The aim of this study was to identify individual level determinants associated with health service and medication use. (2) Methods: 155 Afghans completed surveys assessing service utilization including encounters with primary care physicians and outpatient specialists in addition to the use of prescription and nonprescription medicines. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine associations between service use and a range of predisposing, enabling, and perceived need factors. (3) Results: Health services utilization was lowest for outpatient specialists (20%) and highest for nonprescription medications (37%). Female gender and higher income predicted encounters with primary care physicians. Income, and other enabling factors such as family presence in Turkey predicted encounters with outpatient specialists. Perceived illness-related need factors had little to no influence on use of services; however, asylum difficulties increased the likelihood for encounters with primary care physicians, outpatient services, and the use of prescription medications. 4) Conclusion: This study suggests that health services use among Afghan migrants in Turkey is low considering the extent of their perceived illness-related needs, which may be further exacerbated by the precarious conditions in which they live.
The Kenya Case of Multivariate Causality of Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Asumadu-Sarkodie Samuel , Owusu Phebe Asantewaa
Published: December 2016

In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the Kenya case of multivariate causality of carbon dioxide emissions by employing a time series data spanning from 1961-2011 using the ARDL method of cointegration analysis. The long-run elasticities show that, a 1% increase in financial development increases carbon dioxide emissions by 0.28%, a 1% increase in GDP per capita increases carbon dioxide emissions by 1.32% and a 1% increase in urbanization decreases carbon dioxide emissions by 1.14%. There was a unidirectional causality running from financial development, food production index, GDP per capita, industrialization and urbanization to carbon dioxide emissions. The innovation accounting shows that 20% of future shocks in carbon dioxide emissions are due to fluctuations in financial development, 9% of future shocks in financial development are due to fluctuations urbanization and 22% of future shocks in food production index are due to fluctuations in carbon dioxide emissions.