bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tackling Structures of Long Noncoding RNAs
Authors: Novikova Irina , Hennelly Scott , Sanbonmatsu Karissa
Published: December 2013

RNAs are important catalytic machines and regulators at every level of gene expression. A new class of RNAs has emerged called long non-coding RNAs, providing new insights into evolution, development and disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) predominantly found in higher eukaryotes, have been implicated in the regulation of transcription factors, chromatin-remodeling, hormone receptors and many other processes. The structural versatility of RNA allows it to perform various functions, ranging from precise protein recognition to catalysis and metabolite sensing. While major housekeeping RNA molecules have long been the focus of structural studies, lncRNAs remain the least characterized class, both structurally and functionally. Here, we review common methodologies used to tackle RNA structure, emphasizing their potential application to lncRNAs. When considering the complexity of lncRNAs and lack of knowledge of their structure, chemical probing appears to be an indispensable tool, with few restrictions in terms of size, quantity and heterogeneity of the RNA molecule. Probing is not constrained to in vitro analysis and can be adapted to high-throughput sequencing platforms. Significant efforts have been applied to develop new in vivo chemical probing reagents, new library construction protocols for sequencing platforms and improved RNA prediction software based on the experimental evidence.
On the Role of Mechanics in Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Eskandari Mona , Pfaller Martin , Kuhl Ellen
Published: December 2013

Progressive airflow obstruction is a classical hallmark of chronic lung disease, affecting more than one fourth of the adult population. As the disease progresses, the inner layer of the airway wall grows, folds inwards, and narrows the lumen. The critical failure conditions for airway folding have been studied intensely for idealized circular cross-sections. However, the role of airway branching during this process is unknown. Here, we show that the geometry of the bronchial tree plays a crucial role in chronic airway obstruction and that critical failure conditions vary significantly along a branching airway segment. We perform systematic parametric studies for varying airway cross-sections using a computational model for mucosal thickening based on the theory of finite growth. Our simulations indicate that smaller airways are at a higher risk of narrowing than larger airways and that regions away from a branch narrow more drastically than regions close to a branch. These results agree with clinical observations and could help explain the underlying mechanisms of progressive airway obstruction. Understanding growth-induced instabilities in constrained geometries has immediate biomedical applications beyond asthma and chronic bronchitis in the diagnostics and treatment of chronic gastritis, obstructive sleep apnea and breast cancer.
Initial Bacterial Adhesion on Different Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Implant Surfaces in Vitro
Authors: Karygianni Lamprini , Jähnig Andrea , Schienle Stefanie , Bernsmann Falk , Adolfsson Erik , Kohal Ralf , Chevalier Jérôme , Hellwig Elmar , Al-Ahmad Ali
Published: December 2013

Bacterial adhesion to implant biomaterials constitutes a virulence factor leading to biofilm formation, infection and treatment failure. The aim of this study was to examine the initial bacterial adhesion on different implant materials in vitro. Four implant biomaterials were incubated with Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans for 2 h: 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal surface (B1a), B1a with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) coating (B2a), B1a with zirconia-based composite coating (B1b) and B1a with zirconia-based composite and ZrO2 coatings (B2b). Bovine enamel slabs (BES) served as control. The adherent microorganisms were quantified and visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); DAPI and live/dead staining. The lowest bacterial count of E. faecalis was detected on BES and the highest on B1a. The fewest vital C. albicans strains (42.22%) were detected on B2a surfaces, while most E. faecalis and S. aureus strains (approximately 80%) were vital overall. Compared to BES; coated and uncoated zirconia substrata exhibited no anti-adhesive properties. Further improvement of the material surface characteristics is essential.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oils of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare L. under Different Growth Conditions
Authors: De Falco Enrica , Mancini Emilia , Roscigno Graziana , Mignola Enrico , Taglialatela-Scafati Orazio , Senatore Felice
Published: December 2013

This research was aimed at investigating the essential oil production, chemical composition and biological activity of a crop of pink flowered oregano (Origanum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare L.) under different spatial distribution of the plants (single and binate rows). This plant factor was shown to affect its growth, soil covering, fresh biomass, essential oil amount and composition. In particular, the essential oil percentage was higher for the binate row treatment at the full bloom. The chemical composition of the oils obtained by hydrodistillation was fully characterized by GC and GC-MS. The oil from plants grown in single rows was rich in sabinene, while plants grown in double rows were richer in ocimenes. The essential oils showed antimicrobial action, mainly against Gram-positive pathogens and particularly Bacillus cereus and B. subtilis.
Factors Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Adolescents Living in Sicily, Southern Italy
Authors: Grosso Giuseppe , Marventano Stefano , Buscemi Silvio , Scuderi Alessandro , Matalone Margherita , Platania Alessio , Giorgianni Gabriele , Rametta Stefania , Nolfo Francesca , Galvano Fabio , Mistretta Antonio
Published: December 2013

The present study aimed to examine the factors associated with increased Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence among a sample of Italian adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1135 students (13–16 years) attending 13 secondary schools of Sicily, southern Italy. Validated instruments were used for dietary assessment and the KIDMED score to assess adolescents’ adherence to the MD. A higher adherence to the MD was associated with high socioeconomic status (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03–2.26) and high physical activity (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02–1.70), whereas lower adherence was associated with living in an urban environment (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44–0.97) and being obese (OR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37–0.94). The adolescents’ KIDMED scores were inversely associated with adolescents’ intake of sweets, fast foods, fried foods, and sugary drinks, and directly with fruit, vegetables, pasta, fish, and cheese intakes. Urban-living adolescents were less likely to eat fruit and more prone to consume meat, sugary drinks, and fast food than rural-living adolescents. The latter were more likely to eat sweets and snacks. A general poor quality of food consumption in Italian adolescents away from the MD was reported, especially among those living in urban areas.
Hormonal Relationships to Bone Mass in Elderly Spanish Men as Influenced by Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D
Authors: Moran Jose , Lopez-Arza Luis , Lavado-Garcia Jesus , Pedrera-Canal Maria , Rey-Sanchez Purificacion , Rodriguez-Velasco Francisco , Fernandez Pilar , Pedrera-Zamorano Juan
Published: December 2013

We aim to evaluate whether calcium and vitamin D intake is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-Vitamin D3) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum concentrations or is associated with either the phalangeal dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) or the quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) in independent elderly men. Serum PTH and 25-OH-Vitamin D3 were measured in 195 healthy elderly men (mean age: 73.31 ± 5.10 year). Food intake was quantified using a dietetic scale. Participants with 25-OH-Vitamin D3 levels ≥ 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and a calcium intake of 800–1200 mg/day exhibited the lowest PTH levels (41.49 ± 16.72 ng/mL). The highest PTH levels (75.60 ± 14.16 ng/mL) were observed in the <30 ng/mL group 25-OH-Vitamin D3 with a calcium intake >1200 mg/day. No significant differences in the serum PTH levels based on the serum 25-OH-Vitamin D3 levels were observed among participants with a calcium intake of 800–1200 mg/day. Serum PTH was inversely correlated with serum 25-OH-Vitamin D3 in the entire patient sample (r = −0.288, p = 0.019). No differences in any of the three densitometry techniques were observed between any of the age groups in the 800–1200 mg/day and >1200 mg/day calcium intake groups. PTH levels correlate negatively with serum 25-OH-Vitamin D3 levels, and neither calcium nor vitamin D intake exert a strong influence on either of the two parameters.
Synthesis and Gas Transport Properties of Hyperbranched Polyimide–Silica Hybrid/Composite Membranes
Authors: Miki Masako , Horiuchi Hideki , Yamada Yasuharu
Published: December 2013

Hyperbranched polyimide–silica hybrids (HBPI–silica HBDs) and hyperbranched polyimide–silica composites (HBPI–silica CPTs) were prepared, and their general and gas transport properties were investigated to clarify the effect of silica sources and preparation methods. HBPI–silica HBDs and HBPI–silica CPTs were synthesized by two-step polymerization of A2 + B3 monomer system via polyamic acid as precursor, followed by hybridizing or blending silica sources. Silica components were incorporated by the sol-gel reaction with tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) or the addition of colloidal silica. In HBPI-silica HBDs, the aggregation of silica components is controlled because of the high affinity of HBPI and silica caused by the formation of covalent bonds between HBPI and silica. Consequently, HBPI-silica HBDs had good film formability, transparency, and mechanical properties compared with HBPI-silica CPTs. HBPI-silica HBD and CPT membranes prepared via the sol-gel reaction with TMOS showed specific gas permeabilities and permselectivities for CO2/CH4 separation, that is, both CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity increased with increasing silica content. This result suggests that gas transport can occur through a molecular sieving effect of the porous silica network derived from the sol-gel reaction and/or through the narrow interfacial region between the silica networks and the organic matrix.
Stem Water Potential Monitoring in Pear Orchards through WorldView-2 Multispectral Imagery
Authors: Van Beek Jonathan , Tits Laurent , Somers Ben , Coppin Pol
Published: December 2013

Remote sensing can provide good alternatives for traditional in situ water status measurements in orchard crops, such as stem water potential (Ψstem). However, the heterogeneity of these cropping systems causes significant differences with regards to remote sensing products within one orchard and between orchards. In this study, robust spectral indicators of Ψstem were sought after, independent of sensor viewing geometry, orchard architecture and management. To this end, Ψstem was monitored throughout three consecutive growing seasons in (deficit) irrigated and rainfed pear orchards and related to spectral observations of leaves, canopies and WorldView-2 imagery. On a leaf and canopy level, high correlations were observed between the shortwave infrared reflectance and in situ measured Ψstem. Additionally, for canopy measurements, visible and near-infrared wavelengths (R530/R600, R530/R700 and R720/R800) showed significant correlations. Therefore, the Red-edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (ReNDVI) was applied on fully sunlit satellite imagery and found strongly related with Ψstem (R2 = 0.47; RMSE = 0.36 MPa), undoubtedly showing the potential of WorldView-2 to monitor water stress in pear orchards. The relationship between ReNDVI and Ψstem was independent of management, irrigation setup, phenology and environmental conditions. In addition, results showed that this relation was also independent of off-nadir viewing angle and almost independent of viewing geometry, as the correlation decreased after the inclusion of fully shaded scenes. With further research focusing on issues related to viewing geometry and shadows, high spatial water status monitoring with space borne remote sensing is achievable.
Hierarchical Bayesian Data Analysis in Radiometric SAR System Calibration: A Case Study on Transponder Calibration with RADARSAT-2 Data
Authors: Döring Björn , Schmidt Kersten , Jirousek Matthias , Rudolf Daniel , Reimann Jens , Raab Sebastian , Antony John , Schwerdt Marco
Published: December 2013

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system requires external absolute calibration so that radiometric measurements can be exploited in numerous scientific and commercial applications. Besides estimating a calibration factor, metrological standards also demand the derivation of a respective calibration uncertainty. This uncertainty is currently not systematically determined. Here for the first time it is proposed to use hierarchical modeling and Bayesian statistics as a consistent method for handling and analyzing the hierarchical data typically acquired during external calibration campaigns. Through the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, a joint posterior probability can be conveniently derived from measurement data despite the necessary grouping of data samples. The applicability of the method is demonstrated through a case study: The radar reflectivity of DLR’s new C-band Kalibri transponder is derived through a series of RADARSAT-2 acquisitions and a comparison with reference point targets (corner reflectors). The systematic derivation of calibration uncertainties is seen as an important step toward traceable radiometric calibration of synthetic aperture radars.
Dynamic Hydrological Modeling in Drylands with TRMM Based Rainfall
Authors: Tarnavsky Elena , Mulligan Mark , Ouessar Mohamed , Faye Abdoulaye , Black Emily
Published: December 2013

This paper introduces and evaluates DryMOD, a dynamic water balance model of the key hydrological process in drylands that is based on free, public-domain datasets. The rainfall model of DryMOD makes optimal use of spatially disaggregated Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) datasets to simulate hourly rainfall intensities at a spatial resolution of 1-km. Regional-scale applications of the model in seasonal catchments in Tunisia and Senegal characterize runoff and soil moisture distribution and dynamics in response to varying rainfall data inputs and soil properties. The results highlight the need for hourly-based rainfall simulation and for correcting TRMM 3B42 rainfall intensities for the fractional cover of rainfall (FCR). Without FCR correction and disaggregation to 1 km, TRMM 3B42 based rainfall intensities are too low to generate surface runoff and to induce substantial changes to soil moisture storage. The outcomes from the sensitivity analysis show that topsoil porosity is the most important soil property for simulation of runoff and soil moisture. Thus, we demonstrate the benefit of hydrological investigations at a scale, for which reliable information on soil profile characteristics exists and which is sufficiently fine to account for the heterogeneities of these. Where such information is available, application of DryMOD can assist in the spatial and temporal planning of water harvesting according to runoff-generating areas and the runoff ratio, as well as in the optimization of agricultural activities based on realistic representation of soil moisture conditions.
Molecular Characterization of Major Structural Protein Genes of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in Southern China
Authors: Mo Mei-Lan , Li Meng , Huang Bai-Cheng , Fan Wen-Sheng , Wei Ping , Wei Tian-Chao , Cheng Qiu-Ying , Wei Zheng-Ji , Lang Ya-Hui
Published: December 2013

To gain comprehensive genetic information of circulating avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates in China, analysis of the phylogenetic tree, entropy of the amino acid sequences, and the positive selection as well as computational recombinations of S1, M and N genes of 23 IBV isolates was conducted in the present study. The phylogenetic trees based on the S1, M and N genes exhibited considerably different topology and the CK/CH/LSC/99I-type isolates were the predominant IBVs based on the phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene. Results of entropy of amino acid sequences revealed that the S1 gene had the largest variation; the M gene had less variation than the N gene. Positive selections were detected in not only S1 but also M and N gene proteins. In addition, five S1 gene recombinants between vaccine strain 4/91 and CK/CH/LSC/99I-type field isolate were confirmed. In conclusion, multiple IBV genotypes co-circulated; genetic diversity and positive selections existed in S1, M and N genes; 4/91 vaccine recombinants emerged in China. Our results show that field IBVs in China are continuing to evolve and vaccine strains may have an important role in the appearance of new IBV strains via recombination. In addition, the present study indicates that IBV evolution is driven by both generations of genetic diversity and selection.
La genèse du droit au logement opposable
Authors: Houard Noémie
Published: December 2013

Le 5 mars 2007, la loi instituant le droit au logement opposable est adoptée dans un contexte agité par la campagne présidentielle et l’action médiatisée des Enfants de Don Quichotte sur le canal Saint-Martin. Dès son adoption, cette loi fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques : votée dans la précipitation, elle instituerait un droit purement fictif. Une analyse rapide pourrait laisser penser que cette loi a été un simple produit de l’urgence. L’étude des logiques à l’oeuvre dans le processus décisionnel et des dynamiques de mise sur agenda montre, au contraire, que le droit au logement opposable fut adopté à l’issue d’un processus complexe, au terme de plusieurs années de débats mettant en jeu de nombreux acteurs, à différents niveaux du système d’action.
La « sous-activité » des assistantes maternelles : un rapport au métier différencié selon le positionnement social.
Authors: Cartier Marie , d’Halluin Estelle , Lechien Marie-Hélène , Rousseau Johanna
Published: December 2013

This article presents the results of research into the “ under-employment” of childminders, namely the reasons why some practitioners work below the possibilities the law offers at a time when early years policies are aimed at favouring this method of childcare (raising the threshold of licensing approval, private day nurseries, etc.). In 2007, 21% of childminders looked after only one child and 20.6% declared less than 144 hours of childcare in a month, or less than one child in full-time care. What does this “ under-employment” reveal about the affinity these women have with the job and the work ? Using an interview campaign in Haute-Vienne and Loire-Atlantique as well as additional research, the determining factors and customs of childminder “ under-employment” were observed and were shown to vary greatly. In order to be part of continuing research which places less emphasis on professionalization than on the work and social position of childminders, the analysis focuses on three ways of practising the profession, based on social ownership, affinity with the job and affinity with the work.
La « qualité » du travail dans le métier d’assistante maternelle. Le point de vue des « régulateurs » de ce métier
Authors: Cresson Geneviève , Delforge Sandie , Lemaire Dominique
Published: December 2013

FRE: Assistante maternelle , Qualité de l’emploi , Métier de la petite enfance
Radiation and repeated transoceanic dispersal of Schoeneae (Cyperaceae) through the southern hemisphere
Authors: Viljoen Jan‐Adriaan , Muasya A. Muthama , Barrett Russell L. , Bruhl Jeremy J. , Gibbs Adele K. , Slingsby Jasper A. , Wilson Karen L. , Verboom G. Anthony
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: The broad austral distribution of Schoeneae is almost certainly a product of long‐distance dispersal. Owing to the inadequacies of existing phylogenetic data and a lack of rigorous biogeographic analysis, relationships within the tribe remain poorly resolved and its pattern of radiation and dispersal uncertain. We employed an expanded sampling of taxa and markers and a rigorous analytic approach to address these limitations. We evaluated the roles of geography and ecology in stimulating the initial radiation of the group and its subsequent dispersal across the southern hemisphere.

• Methods: A dated tree was reconstructed using reversible‐jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with a polytomy prior and molecular dating, applied to data from two nuclear and three cpDNA regions. Ancestral areas and habitats were inferred using dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis models.

• Key results: Schoeneae originated in Australia in the Paleocene. The existence of a “hard” polytomy at the base of the clade reflects the rapid divergence of six principal lineages ca. 50 Ma, within Australia. From this ancestral area, Schoeneae have traversed the austral oceans with remarkable frequency, a total of 29 distinct dispersal events being reported here. Dispersal rates between landmasses are not explicable in terms of the geographical distances separating them. Transoceanic dispersal generally involved habitat stasis.

• Conclusions: Although the role of dispersal in explaining global distribution patterns is now widely accepted, the apparent ease with which such dispersal may occur has perhaps been under‐appreciated. In Schoeneae, transoceanic dispersal has been remarkably frequent, with ecological opportunity, rather than geography, being most important in dictating dispersal patterns.
Relevant Gender Differences in Epidemiological Profile, Exposure to First Antiretroviral Regimen and Survival in the Spanish Aids Research Network Cohort
Authors: Pérez-Elías María Jesús , Muriel Alfonso , Moreno Ana , Martinez-Colubi María , Iribarren José A , Masiá Mar , Blanco José R , Palacios Rosario , del Romero Jorge , Pérez Desire G , Hernando Victoria ,   CoRIS Study Group
Published: December 2013

Background

The possible differences in the disease spectrum and prognosis of HIV infection in women and men is a major point of concern. Women are under-represented in randomized clinical trials and in some cohorts. Discordant results have often been obtained depending on the setting.

Methods

We assessed gender differences in clinical and epidemiological features, antiretroviral treatment (ART) exposure and survival in two multicentre cohorts of HIV-positive subjects in Spain: CoRIS-MD and CoRIS. Competing risk regression models were used to assess gender effect on time to start ART and time to first ART change, and a Cox regression model to estimate gender effect on time to death.

Results

Between January 1996 and December 2008, 1,953 women and 6,072 men naive to ART at study entry were included. The trend analysis over time showed the percentage of women in the younger (<20 years) and older (>50 years) strata increased significantly ( P<0.001) from 0.5% and 1.8% in 1996 to 4.9% and 4.2% in 2008, respectively. By competing risk analysis women started ART earlier than men (adjusted subhazard ratio [ASHR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.11, 1.31) in CoRIS cohort, while in CoRIS-MD none of these differences were observed. In both cohorts women showed a shorter time to the first ART change (ASHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01, 1.19). Pregnancy and patient's/physician's decisions as reasons for changing were more frequent in women than in men in CoRIS. In the Cox regression model, gender was not associated with differences in survival.

Conclusions

In two large cohorts in Spain, we observed relevant gender differences in epidemiological characteristics and antiretroviral exposure outcomes, while survival differences were not attributable to gender.
Estelas ibéricas con lanzas y tropas auxiliares en el nordeste peninsular
Authors: Riera Vargas Roger
Published: December 2013

El hallazgo de varias estelas ibéricas en el nordeste peninsular con unos motivos decorativos muy similares entre ellas, sugiere un estudio de conjunto. Dicha decoración se caracteriza especialmente por la presencia de lanzas verticales dispuestas paralelamente en una o varias franjas horizontales, y poseen evidentes signos de relación con el grupo de estelas del Bajo Aragón. Tradicionalmente se ha asociado estos monumentos con el mundo funerario de carácter guerrero. Sin embargo, en base a su disposición, cronología y yacimientos asociados, se propone una vinculación con el movimiento de tropas auxiliares hispanas hacia el sur de la Galia entre finales del s. II e inicios del s. I a.n.e.
Técnicas de ataque y defensa en los asedios del siglo XIII: ámbito catalano-aragonés y occitano
Authors: Suñé Arce Josep
Published: December 2013

En las últimas décadas, el estudio sobre los asedios medievales ha conocido una expansión importante, especialmente entre los historiadores franceses y anglo-sajones, a través de los cuales se conocen abundantes datos sobre las guerras transcurridas en ambas áreas culturales para un periodo cronológico extenso. Sin embargo, no se puede decir lo mismo ni respecto al espacio catalán-aragonés y occitano ni para el siglo trece en concreto. Este artículo ofrece algunas de las técnicas de ataque y defensa para los asedios de este mismo periodo y área geográfica, a través del análisis de quince asedios que aparecen en las fuentes catalanas y occitanas. El estudio muestra que en el siglo trece había una gran variedad de técnicas para expugnar ciudades, y la relevancia de ballesteros e ingenieros en la guerra medieval.
I Macrolepidotteri del Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi, del Monte Falterona e di Campigna (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Dapporto Leonardo , Fiorini Giancarlo , Fiumi Gabriele , Flamigni Claudio
Published: December 2013

Viene compilato un catalogo faunistico dei Macrolepidotteri del Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi, del Monte Falterona e di Campigna. L’elenco comprende dati provenienti da fonti bibliografiche, da collezioni pubbliche e private e da raccolte effettuate dagli autori. Molte citazioni sono state riviste sulla base di notizie bibliografiche e al controllo, dove possibile, del materiale originale. Nelle conclusioni è inquadrata la fauna lepidotterologica del Parco anche grazie al confronto con altre faune italiane. Infine vengono forniti alcuni suggerimenti per la conservazione dei lepidotteri nell’area studiata, puntando l’attenzione sugli effetti negativi di un’eccessiva riforestazione e dell’illuminazione pubblica.
Revisione dei Cleopomiarus della Regione Afrotropicale (Coleoptera Curculionidae)
Authors: Caldara Roberto
Published: December 2013

Viene effettuata la revisione delle specie afrotropicali del genere Cleopomiarus Pierce, 1919, che risulta attualmente composto da 23 specie. Sei di queste erano già state descritte in precedenza del Sudafrica: C. arrogans (Fårhaeus, 1871), C. curtus (Fårhaeus, 1871), C. plebejus (Rosenschöld, 1838), C. seriepilosus (Gyllenhal, 1838), C. suturalis (Gyllenhal, 1838) e C. trivialis (Gyllenhal, 1838), mentre 17 sono nuove per la scienza: C. aduncinasus n. sp., C. amplithorax n. sp., C. bicoloratus n. sp., C. contractus n. sp., C. echinus n. sp., C. hystricosus n. sp., C. ibirostris n. sp., C. intermedius n. sp., C. lobeliae n. sp., C. maldinii n. sp., C. parvulus n. sp., C. piriformis n. sp., C. pusillus n. sp., C. rhinusoides n. sp., C. similaris n. sp., C. sironii n. sp. e C. zebratus n. sp.; tutte queste specie vivono in Sudafrica e alcune anche in Lesotho, Namibia e Zimbabwe. Esse sono state divise in tre gruppi strettamente correlati fra loro principalmente sulla base della forma di alcuni scleriti dell’endofallo edeagico e della forma della spermateca: gruppo di C. plantarum (Germar, 1824), gruppo di C. graminis (Gyllenhal, 1813) e gruppo di C. trivialis, i primi due composti anche da specie paleartiche. Di ogni specie vengono forniti una dettagliata descrizione con l’ambito della variabilità, una breve diagnosi in lingua inglese, le note comparative con le altre specie, la distribuzione e le note biologiche quando disponibili, i disegni di habitus, rostro e genitali. E’ infine riportata una chiave dicotomica, sia in italiano che in inglese, per la loro determinazione.
Nuove specie di Orostygia e Oryotus, con note sinonimiche (Coleoptera Cholevidae)
Authors: Piva Erminio
Published: December 2013

Viene qui fornito l’elenco delle specie note di Orostygia Muller, 1912 e Oryotus Miller, 1856. Sono descritte due nuove specie di Orostygia (O. mondini n. sp., delle Prealpi Bellunesi, boschetto a nord del Monte Faverghera, Veneto, Italia, e O. bognoloi n. sp., delle Prealpi Carniche, Trasaghis, Udine, loc. Avasinis, Risorgiva di Eolo, 658 Fr/UD, Friuli, Italia) e due nuove specie di Oryotus (O. trezzii n. sp., delle Alpi Giulie, Monte Canin, Buse d’Ajar, 2451 Fr/UD, Friuli, Italia, e O. gasparoi n. sp., delle Prealpi Giulie, Pulfero, Udine, Grotta di Montefosca, 1649 Fr/UD, Friuli, Italia). Vengono proposte, infine, le seguenti sinonimie: Orostygia bonomettoi Etonti, 1993 n. sin. di Orostygia rossii Porro & Quaia, 1969; Orostygia amicorum Etonti & Bognolo, 1997 n. sin. di Orostygia rossii Porro & Quaia, 1969; Oryotus sebenelloi Daffner, 1988 n. sin. di Oryotus ravasinii Mueller, 1922.
The Hydradephaga of the Segura basin (SE Spain): twentyfive years studying water beetles (Coleoptera)
Authors: Millán Andres , Abellán Pedro , Ribera Ignacio , Sánchez David , Velasco Josefa
Published: December 2013

We present the results of 25 years of study of the faunistics, biogeography, ecology and conservation of the Hydradephaga of the Segura river basin. Eighty one species have been recorded from the area, ca. 45% of the total of species found in the Iberian peninsula. Six of them are Iberian endemics, and fourteen are considered to be rare within the basin, although most of these are not rare in an Iberian context. The phenetic hierarchy of relationships among the western-Palaearctic regions considered shows a clear similarity of the fauna of the Segura basin with that of the Maghreb, which, together with the rest of the Iberian fauna form a well defined group isolated from the rest of the European areas. Within the Iberobalear region, there is also a clear north-south division, with a secondary classification into western and eastern basins. The Balearic islands seem to be a relatively independent biogeographical unit, although more related with the southern cluster. The environmental characteristics determining the distribution of the Hydradephagan fauna in the study area, as determined by Correspondence Analysis, are altitude, degree of mineralization of the water, and amount and type of riparian vegetation. Using a semi-quantitative scoring system to evaluate the vulnerability of the species only Hydroporus decipiens had a vulnerability value considered to be high (9), due to its rarity within the basin and to its general restricted distribution, although the incomplete knowledge of its distribution and taxonomy could be a distorting factor. With a similar value (8), Nebrioporus baeticus is a typical inhabitant of saline running waters, highly endangered habitat due to the increasing use of irrigation in the surrounding fields. The stations with the highest conservation interest were mountain streams in the NW of the basin, which are also of high conservation interest for other aquatic Coleoptera (e.g. Hydraenidae). A disadvantage of the index applied (IC, “conservation interest”) is the lack of reference to the conservation interest of habitats outside the study area. Thus, the saline or hypersaline streams, which are extremely rare in an European (or even global) context, are not considered of particular relevance due to the poor species richness and local abundance. The use of other criteria for the selection of sites of conservation value, such as complementarity, could overcome this limitation.
The Hydradephaga of Chios, Greece (Coleoptera Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae)
Authors: Foster Garth N. , Taylor Michael J.
Published: December 2013

A list is provided of the Hydradephaga (Coleoptera) of the island of Chios, Greece, largely based on work done in April 2004. The list comprises three species of Gyrinidae, one species of Haliplidae and 26 species of Dytiscidae. Most of the species are new for this poorly recorded island. Conservation issues are discussed.
Volume in memoria di Carlo Vidano
Authors: Italiana Società Entomologica
Published: December 2013

Volume in memoria di Carlo Vidano
I Macrolepidotteri del Parco Regionale della Maremma (Toscana) (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Nappini Stefania , Dapporto Leonardo
Published: December 2013

Nel presente lavoro sono riportate le attuali conoscenze faunistiche sui macrolepidotteri del Parco Regionale della Maremma. I dati provengono da materiale bibliografico e da quattro anni di ricerche effettuate con svariate tecniche di raccolta. Sono state censite 448 specie. Infine la fauna viene delineata in base alle principali caratteristiche ecologiche delle specie censite.
V Contributo alla revisione della collezione coleotterologica Francesco Vitale: Coleoptera Curculionoidea (Prima parte)
Authors: Caldara Roberto , Pesarini Carlo , Colonnelli Enzo , Baviera Cosimo
Published: December 2013

Sono riportati i dati relativi a una prima parte di Curculionoidea di Sicilia conservati nella collezione di Francesco Vitale. Vengono prese in esame le specie di Brachyceridae, Curculionidae (Bagoinae, Baridinae, Ceutorhynchinae, Conoderinae, Cossoninae, Curculioninae, Cyclominae, Lixinae, Molytinae, Phytonominae), Dryophthoridae ed Erirhinidae. Sono stabilite le seguenti nuove sinonimie: Sphenophorus parumpunctatus (Gyllenhal, 1837) = Sphenophorus eliconensis Vitale, 1906 (n. syn.); Tychius consputus Kiesenwetter, 1864 = Tychius fanalesi Ragusa, 1908 (n. syn.). E’ designato il lectotypus di Sphenophorus eliconensis Vitale, 1906, mentre Mecinus haemorrhoidalis (H. Brisout, 1862) viene considerato specie distinta e non varietà di M. variabilis (Rosenhauer 1856). Cinque specie risultano nuove per l’Italia: Bagous septemcostatus Chevrolat, 1860; Melanobaris atramentaria (Boheman, 1836); Rhinusa verbasci (Rosenschoeld, 1838); Rhinusa algirica (H. Brisout, 1862); Tychius (Tychius) ochraceus Tournier, 1874. Otto specie risultano nuove per la Sicilia: Bagous glabrirostris (Herbst, 1795); Bagous lutulentus (Gyllenhal, 1813); Bagous robustus H. Brisout, 1863; Coeliodes rana (Fabricius, 1787); Mesites cunipes (Boheman, 1837); Tanysphyrus lemnae (Paykull, 1792); Tychius (Tychius) funicularis C. Brisout, 1862; Tychius (Tychius) trivialis Boheman, 1843. Le seguenti specie sono confermate per la Sicilia: Bagous petro (Herbst, 1795); Hypera (Dapalinus) contaminata (Herbst, 1795); Labiaticola joffrei (Hustache, 1926); Mecinus heydenii Wencker, 1866; Mecinus pirazzolii (Stierlin 1867).
Knowledge management awareness in a research and development facility: Investigating employee perceptions
Authors: Potgieter Andrea , Dube Thami , Rensleigh Chris
Published: December 2013

Background: Research and development (R&D) facilities are dependent on knowledge to develop new and improve existing technologies. R&D employees’ perceptions of the use and management of knowledge are important as these individuals are the source of the innovation needed to generate and develop new processes and services.Objectives: This study aimed to understand Sasol R&D employees’ perceptions of knowledge management (KM). The study also assessed the attitude of Sasol R&D management towards KM.Method: The target population for this research included different levels of seniority and education in Sasol R&D. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 150 employees in R&D and 50 more who work closely with R&D in support functions.Results: It was found that the importance of KM is understood by Sasol R&D employees and management. It was established that Sasol R&D management regard KM as important, but that their commitment to KM initiatives is not necessarily evident for employees. A concern highlighted by the study was that employees were not aware of the duties of the identified KM champions within their facility.Conclusion: It was suggested that Sasol R&D employees should be made aware of the duties of KM champions. It was also established that Sasol R&D management needs to be more visible in their support of KM initiatives. Recommendations based on the findings of the study can assist Sasol R&D, and other facilities attempting to implement a KM strategy, to gain insight into the perceptions of employees and the role management needs to play in the facilitation of this process.
Epidemiology of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and its Non-classical Manifestations in the City of Recife, Brazil
Authors: Eufrazino Cátia , Veras Andreia , Bandeira Francisco
Published: December 2013

Before the introduction of routine measurements of serum calcium in ambulatory services, PHTP (primary hyperparathyroidism) was symptomatic with classic bone disease (known as osteitis fibrosa cystica) nephrolithiasis, and acute neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe hypercalcemia. Currently, PHPT presents few unspecific symptoms. This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2007, through August 31, 2008 to estimate the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism and to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients receiving ambulatory care. From 4207 patients, we found a prevalence of PHTP of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–1.04) of which 81.8% were asymptomatic and 18.2% symptomatic. The female:male ratio was 7.2:1, and 89.7% of the women were postmenopausal. Mean age was 61.12 ± 15.73 years, mean serum calcium was 10.63 ± 1.33 mg/dL, and mean serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 182.48 ± 326.51 pg/mL. We found a high prevalence of PHTP at reference centers and a high prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
Missing peroxy radical sources within a rural forest canopy
Authors: Wolfe G. M. , Cantrell C. , Kim S. , Mauldin R. L. , Karl T. , Harley P. , Turnipseed A. , Zheng W. , Flocke F. , Apel E. C. , Hornbrook R. S. , Hall S. R. , Ullmann K. , Henry S. B. , DiGangi J. P. , Boyle E. S. , Kaser L. , Schnitzhofer R. , Hansel A. , Graus M. , Nakashima Y. , Kajii Y. , Guenther A. , Keutsch F. N.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Organic peroxy (RO2) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals are key intermediates in the photochemical processes that generate ozone, secondary organic aerosol and reactive nitrogen reservoirs throughout the troposphere. In regions with ample biogenic hydrocarbons, the richness and complexity of peroxy radical chemistry presents a significant challenge to current-generation models, especially given the scarcity of measurements in such environments. We present peroxy radical observations acquired within a Ponderosa pine forest during the summer 2010 Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen – Rocky Mountain Organic Carbon Study (BEACHON-ROCS). Total peroxy radical mixing ratios reach as high as 180 pptv and are among the highest yet recorded. Using the comprehensive measurement suite to constrain a near-explicit 0-D box model, we investigate the sources, sinks and distribution of peroxy radicals below the forest canopy. The base chemical mechanism underestimates total peroxy radicals by as much as a factor of 3. Since primary reaction partners for peroxy radicals are either measured (NO) or under-predicted (HO2 and RO2, i.e. self-reaction), missing sources are the most likely explanation for this result. A close comparison of model output with observations reveals at least two distinct source signatures. The first missing source, characterized by a sharp midday maximum and a strong dependence on solar radiation, is consistent with photolytic production of HO2. The diel profile of the second missing source peaks in the afternoon and suggests a process that generates RO2 independently of sun-driven photochemistry, such as ozonolysis of reactive hydrocarbons. The maximum magnitudes of these missing sources (~ 120 and 50 pptv min−1, respectively) are consistent with previous observations alluding to unexpectedly intense oxidation within forests. We conclude that a similar mechanism may underlie many such observations.
Environmental influences on the intensity changes of tropical cyclones over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Shu Shoujuan , Zhang Fuqing , Ming Jie , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The influence of environmental conditions on the intensity changes of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated through examination of 37 TCs during 2000–2011 that interacted directly with the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). Comprehensive composite analysis of the environmental conditions is performed for two stages of storms: one is categorized as intensifying events (maximum wind speed increases by 15 kts over 48 h) and the other is categorized as weakening events (maximum wind speed decreases by 15 kts over 48 h). Comparison of the composite analysis of these two cases show that environmental conditions associated with the WNPSH play important roles in the intensity changes of TCs over the WNP. When a TC moves along the southern edge of the WNPSH, the relatively weaker easterly environmental vertical wind shear helps bring warm moist air from the south and southeast, which is favorable for the TC to intensify. On the other hand, when a TC moves along the western edge of the WNPSH, under the combined influences of the WNPSH and an upper-level westerly trough, a strong westerly vertical shear promotes the intrusion of dry environmental air associated with the WNPSH from the north and northwest, which may lead to the inhibition of moisture supply and convection over the west half of the TC and thus its weakening. The average sea surface temperature (SST) of 27.8 °C for the weakening events is also lower than an average of 28.9 °C for the strengthening events, but remains above the critical value of 27 °C for TC intensification, suggesting that the SST may be regarded as a less positive factor for the weakening events.
Exploring the role of ionospheric drivers during the extreme solar minimum of 2008
Authors: Klenzing J. , Burrell A. G. , Heelis R. A. , Huba J. D. , Pfaff R. , Simões F.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age, resulting in a contracted atmosphere. This extremely low solar activity provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the variability of the Earth's ambient ionosphere. The average E × B drifts measured by the Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during this period are found to have several differences from the expected climatology based on previous solar minima, including downward drifts in the early afternoon and a weak to non-existent pre-reversal enhancement. Using SAMI2 (Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere) as a computational engine, we investigate the effects of these electrodynamical changes as well as the contraction of the thermosphere and reduced EUV ionization on the ionosphere. The sensitivity of the simulations to wind models is also discussed. These modeled ionospheres are compared to the C/NOFS average topside ion density and composition and Formosa Satellite-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate average NmF2 and hmF2. In all cases, incorporating the VEFI drift data significantly improves the model results when compared to both the C/NOFS density data and the F3/C GOX data. Changing the MSIS and EUVAC models produced changes in magnitude, but not morphology with respect to local time. The choice of wind model modulates the resulting topside density and composition, but only the use of the VEFI E × B drifts produces the observed post-sunset drop in the F peak.
Analysis of passive-sampler monitored atmospheric ammonia at 74 sites across southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Yao X. H. , Zhang L.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Weekly/biweekly concentrations of atmospheric NH3 were collected using passive samplers at 74 sites across southern Ontario, Canada, during the period from June 2006 to March 2007 with eighteen sites running as early as March 2006. The annual average of NH3 (AAN) at all the sites across southwestern Ontario was over 1 μg m−3, a value that was recently proposed as the new critical level for protecting vegetation. High AAN values (3.6–6.1 μg m−3) were observed at eight sites located inside the intensive livestock production zones. AAN values at the sites across southeastern Ontario were generally lower than 1 μg m−3 and the values were less than 0.4 μg m−3 at non-agricultural sites. Agricultural sites generally showed the highest concentrations in spring to summer and the lowest in winter, but the occurrence time of the peak concentration varied among the sites, which could be due to their different land use and thus different fertilizer application intensities or periods. Seasonal trends of NH3 concentration at some non-agricultural sites were somewhat similar to those at the agricultural sites, but the peak concentration appeared a few weeks later than at the agricultural sites. Surprisingly, at several remote non-agricultural sites, NH3 concentrations were not decreasing in winter and were sometimes increasing to a level higher than those in summer, which could be caused by different transport mechanisms in different seasons. A sharp increase in NH3 concentration was also surprisingly observed at 20 out of the 74 sites during the coldest two weeks when ambient temperature was lower than −7 °C, and cannot be explained by known sources or with existing knowledge. The NH3 emission inventory for the region of southern Ontario was evaluated using the measurement data and emissions within two small zones in this region were identified to be potentially underestimated.
Impacts of rice varieties and management on yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields in China: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng H. , Huang H. , Yao L. , Liu J. , He H. , Tang J.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Increasing numbers of studies have suggested that a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of cropping practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit yield (yield-scaled), rather than by land area (area-scaled), is needed to inform trade-off decisions to increase yields and reduce GHG emissions. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify impacts of rice varieties on the global warming potential (GWP) of GHG emissions at the yield scale in China. The results showed that significantly higher yield-scaled GWP occurred with indica rice varieties (1101.72 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1) compared to japonica rice varieties (711.38 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1). Lower yield-scaled GHG emissions occurred within 120–130 days of growth duration after transplanting (GDAT; 613.66 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), followed by 90–100 days of GDAT (749.72 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), 100–110 days of GDAT (794.29 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1), and 70–80 days of GDAT (800.85 kg CO2 equiv. Mg−1). The greatest reduction, 41%, occurred at a rate of 150–200 kg N ha−1 relative to the non-fertilized control. Consequently, appropriate cultivar choice and pairs was of vital importance in the rice cropping system. A further life cycle assessment of GHG emissions among rice varieties at the yield scale is urgently needed to develop win–win policies for rice production to achieve higher yield with lower emissions.