bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast NOx emission prediction methodology via one-dimensional engine performance tools in heavy-duty engines
Authors: Özgül Emre , Bedir Hasan
Published: April 2019

Accurate prediction of nitrogen oxide, soot, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines plays a crucial role during the design and development phases of vehicle powertrain systems due to increasingly more strict emission legislation. Undoubtedly, generating accurate and robust emission prediction methods will serve to global optimization of engine components at very early stages of engine development. Engine component selection, accurate specific fuel consumption prediction and defining the correct exhaust gas recirculation strategy (low and mid-high) can only be performed via accurate and fast emission prediction. There are many possible ways of emission prediction in the literature, such as three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics, stochastic reactor, semi-empirical, phenomenological models and neural networks. However, these prediction methods either need excessive test data or simulation duration. However, using one-dimensional simulation tools is a faster way of emission prediction, but has low accuracy. In this study, it is aimed to develop a fast NOx emission prediction methodology by utilizing one-dimensional models generated in GT-Suite software. Two different heavy-duty engines are modelled, and the models are correlated with test data. An NOx emission prediction methodology is developed with the 9-L heavy-duty diesel engine model. Extended Zeldovich mechanism included in the software is tuned via embedding different calibration multiplier maps. Comparison of simulation results with test data shows that turbine inlet temperature, in-cylinder maximum temperature, maximum pressure, load, CA50, exhaust gas recirculation rate and fuel–air ratio are the most critical map parameters for enhanced emission prediction capability. The methodology developed is applied to the 12.7-L engine with these selected map parameters. The results show that the methodology can be used to predict NOx values with high speed and sufficient accuracy for different heavy-duty diesel engine variants.
Analysis on variable stiffness of a cable-driven parallel–series hybrid joint toward wheelchair-mounted robotic manipulator
Authors: Zhang Shan , Cao Dongxing , Hou Bin , Li Shuai , Min Hong , Zhang Xinglei
Published: April 2019

The design of variable stiffness mechanism is of great importance to wheelchair-mounted robotic manipulators. In this article, the authors propose a cable-driven parallel–series hybrid joint toward wheelchair-mounted robotic manipulators with adjusting the system stiffness actively. The joint is a cable-driven, compression-spring-supported hybrid mechanism. Then, the kinematic analysis and cable tension analysis through static modeling are established to derive the joint stiffness model. Finally, cable-driven parallel–series hybrid joint stiffness adjustment ability analysis is carried out in four different load cases with MATLAB. Featured with light structure, stiffness adjustability, and large workspace, the proposed cable-driven parallel–series hybrid joint proves to be of great potential use for wheelchair-mounted robotic manipulators.
Control strategy of automated manual transmission based on active synchronisation of driving motor in electric bus
Authors: Lei Yulong , Hu Jianlong , Fu Yao , Sun Shaohua , Li Xingzhong , Chen Wei , Hou Liguo , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2019

The development of electric bus has been an effective method of solving the energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by automotives. Present electric buses have fixed ratio gearboxes, however, the one-speed gearboxes cannot meet the requirements of torque and driving range simultaneously. Electric buses also have substantial requirements from batteries and driving motors. A driving system consisting of driving motor and multi-speed automated manual transmission has a simple structure, is cost-effective and easy to match. Therefore, this study focuses on the dedicated automated manual transmission structure of an electric bus without using a clutch and a synchronizer. The research also proposes the shift control strategy by actively synchronising the driving motor and by clearing the control phase division and the shift quality evaluation index. This index further studies the method of determining the range of optimal speed difference, the control strategy of the driving motor and other key techniques. The index also forms a practical shift integrated control strategy. In addition, prototype vehicle testing verifies that the strategy can shorten torque interruption time. Moreover, the absolute value of shift impact is far less than the standard value of 10 m/s3. Finally, the success rate of the shift reaches 100%.
Structural response of an injection molding part of the fuser mechanism in laser printer under thermo-mechanical coupling
Authors: Liu Pingping , Zuo Fangjun , Zhang Huijie , Wen Guang , Su Rui
Published: April 2019

Laser printer internal parts are prone to deformation when they are working in high temperature environment for a long time, resulting in machine faults such as paper jam and angle folding. In order to predict the deformation of parts in thermal environment and further determine their initial allowable deformation, so as to guide the structural design and production process of parts, and to reasonably determine the stress mode of parts in the working process, the structural deformation of the complex injection part-fuser upper cover in a laser printer after long-term operation in thermal environment is studied. First, on the basis of fusing temperature control technology and heat exchange analysis of the whole machine, the internal temperature field of a laser printer is numerically simulated by using the flow and heat transfer analysis software, and the temperature data of the key parts inside the machine are obtained more accurately. Then, the sequential coupling method is used to apply the results of thermal analysis of the whole machine as the external loads of static stress analysis to the fuser upper cover model, and the structural thermal deformation data of the fuser upper cover are obtained.
Optimism and distress tolerance in the social adjustment of nurses: examining resilience as a mediator and gender as a moderator
Authors: Falavarjani Mehrdad F , Yeh Christine J
Published: April 2019

Background

As nursing is recognised as one of the most stressful occupations in healthcare organisations, nurses are vulnerable to adjustment challenges.

Aims

The authors examine the association between optimism, distress tolerance and social adjustment through the mediating role of resilience and the moderating role of gender among Iranian nurses.

Methods

The sample consisted of 183 nurses working in six private hospitals in Iran. The authors employed structural equation modelling to test a moderation–mediation model of social adjustment.

Results

Findings reveal that: (a) resilience partially mediates the association between distress tolerance and social adjustment and the link between optimism and social adjustment – nurses with high levels of optimism and distress tolerance are significantly more likely to report greater resilience and subsequently report higher social adjustment; and (b) gender plays a moderating role in the model – women reported higher levels of optimism and lower levels of both resilience and distress tolerance than men. However, men reported higher levels of both distress tolerance and resilience as well as better social adjustment in comparison to female nurses.

Conclusions

The promotion of resilience may contribute to increased social adjustment, optimism and distress tolerance at work.
Express testing for sexually transmitted infections: clinical results
Authors: O’Byrne Patrick , Orser Lauren
Published: April 2019

Background

Many sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics are becoming unable to meet increases in service demand.

Aims

To address increased service delivery demand at our STI clinic, we implemented express testing, which involved self-assessment and visitation with a nurse who performed specimen collection but no examination.

Methods

Patient consent was obtained and chart review occurred.

Results

Of our patients who sought testing, 20% ( n = 1427/12,711) were eligible for express testing, with 90.7% ( n = 1295/1427) of these patients agreeing to use it. We identified 62 infections (all gonorrhoea and chlamydia) among the 1295 patients who used express. In streamlining care provision, express testing enabled us to see 334 more patients, among whom we identified an additional 27 infections (four patients with infectious syphilis, 23 with gonorrhoea or chlamydia).

Conclusion

Our results support the expanded use of express testing.
Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
Authors: Slomian Justine , Honvo Germain , Emonts Patrick , Reginster Jean-Yves , Bruyère Olivier
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

The postpartum period represents the time of risk for the emergence of maternal postpartum depression. There are no systematic reviews of the overall maternal outcomes of maternal postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate both the infant and the maternal consequences of untreated maternal postpartum depression.

Methods:

We searched for studies published between 1 January 2005 and 17 August 2016, using the following databases: MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials registry.

Results:

A total of 122 studies (out of 3712 references retrieved from bibliographic databases) were included in this systematic review. The results of the studies were synthetized into three categories: (a) the maternal consequences of postpartum depression, including physical health, psychological health, relationship, and risky behaviors; (b) the infant consequences of postpartum depression, including anthropometry, physical health, sleep, and motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social, and behavioral development; and (c) mother–child interactions, including bonding, breastfeeding, and the maternal role.

Discussion:

The results suggest that postpartum depression creates an environment that is not conducive to the personal development of mothers or the optimal development of a child. It therefore seems important to detect and treat depression during the postnatal period as early as possible to avoid harmful consequences.
Carotenoid skin colouration enhances face and body attractiveness: A cross-cultural study
Authors: Ip Flora WL , Lewis Gary J , Lefevre Carmen E
Published: April 2019

Previous research has indicated that faces with higher levels of skin carotenoid colouration are perceived as healthier and more attractive. However, it is not known whether this preference is specific to faces or reflects a more generalised preference in biological stimuli: for example, non-face body parts. Moreover, it is not yet well established whether the preference for carotenoid colouration extends beyond Caucasian populations. Three studies were conducted to address these issues. In Studies 1 and 2, Caucasian and Hong Kong Chinese participants, respectively, selected the more attractive image in pairs of high and low carotenoid colouration versions of images of Caucasian faces and body parts, and also for non-face/body-part control stimuli (scrambled faces). In Study 3, a similar study protocol was used with an independent sample of Hong Kong Chinese participants using stimuli generated from Chinese individuals. The results showed that high carotenoid colouration was preferred across all the three studies in faces and body parts, but not in the control stimuli. In addition, there was a stronger preference for high carotenoid colouration in faces compared with body parts in Studies 1 and 2—although this preference was not observed in Study 3. Overall, these findings demonstrate that higher levels of skin carotenoid colouration are preferred both in face and body parts, but not in non-face stimuli, and that these preferences are evident in Caucasian and Hong Kong Chinese individuals.
Omalizumab and long-term quality of life outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma: a systematic review
Authors: Colombo Giorgio Lorenzo , Di Matteo Sergio , Martinotti Chiara , Oselin Martina , Valentino Maria Chiara , Bruno Giacomo Matteo , Pitotti Claudia , Menzella Francesco
Published: April 2019

Background:

Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory airways disease, with a considerable impact on quality of life (QoL). To express the effects of asthma on patients’ subjective experience, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) represent an important instrument. The asthma QoL questionnaire (AQLQ) is one of the main PROs among these.

Materials and methods:

To identify long-term asthma-related QoL outcomes associated with omalizumab therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, we developed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. Published real-world effectiveness studies of adults or adolescents (12 years or older) with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma treated with omalizumab for at least 48 weeks were reviewed. Sources used were Medline ( PubMed), the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to February 2018. In addition, a cross-referencing search was conducted to complete the revision.

Results:

A total of 255 potential papers were identified in the first search through the database. After full-text viewing, eight articles were finally included in the review. We summarized the results according to the study design, patient baseline characteristics and effectiveness outcomes assessed by AQLQ score results: variation from baseline to the end of study. Results confirmed the long-term benefits of omalizumab as an add-on therapy in patients with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. Since there is a lot of evidence on omalizumab effectiveness, we aimed to focus on how a therapy can change patient’s QoL in a long time period. Data showed long-term effects of omalizumab treatment on subjective (PROs) and objective (lung function, corticosteroid use, hospitalizations, asthma exacerbation) effectiveness measures.

Conclusion:

Studies included in our review were observational trials that, due to their design, present a potential risk of selection bias in the patients included. Beyond this limit, the evaluation of QoL using the AQLQ showed a clear increase over time, following both 48 weeks and 9 years of observation, where QoL improvements still were significant over baseline values.
Acute and subacute effects of oropharyngeal sensory stimulation with TRPV1 agonists in older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: a biomechanical and neurophysiological randomized pilot study
Authors: Tomsen Noemí , Ortega Omar , Rofes Laia , Arreola Viridiana , Martin Alberto , Mundet Lluís , Clavé Pere
Published: April 2019

Background:

Older people with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) present a decline in pharyngeal sensory function. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to assess the biomechanical and neurophysiological effects of acute and subacute oropharyngeal sensory stimulation with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists (capsaicinoids) in older patients with OD.

Methods:

We studied the effect of a single dose versus multiple doses (2 weeks) of oral capsaicin treatment (10–5 M) or placebo in 28 older patients with OD (81.2 ± 4.6 years) using videofluoroscopy (penetration-aspiration scale [PAS], timing of swallow response) and electroencephalography (EEG) (latency and amplitude of pharyngeal event-related potential [ERP]).

Results:

Acute stimulation by capsaicinoids 10–5 M did not improve swallow function and did not produce significant changes in pharyngeal ERP. In contrast, after 10 days of treatment, patients presented a clinically relevant and statistically significant reduction in the laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) time (22.5%, p = 0.042), and in the PAS (24.2%, p = 0.038), compared with the placebo group. EEG results showed a reduction in the latency of the N1 peak (28.6%, p = 0.007) and an increase of the amplitude of the P1-N2 (59.4%, p = 0.038) and the N2-P2 (43.6%, p = 0.050) peaks. We observed a strong and significant correlation between the reduction in the latency of the N1 peak and change in LVC time after subacute treatment ( r = 0.750, p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

After 2 weeks of treatment, oropharyngeal sensory stimulation with capsaicinoids induced cortical changes that were correlated with improvements in swallowing biomechanics in older patients with OD. These results further show that sensory stimulation by TRPV1 agonists can become a useful pharmacological treatment for older patients with OD.
Mid-level Priming by Completion vs. Mosaic Solutions
Authors: Peta Antonio , Fantoni Carlo , Gerbino Walter
Published: April 2019

We report two experiments on the role of mid-level processes in image segmentation and completion. In the primed matching task of Experiment 1, a cue→prime sequence was presented before the imperative stimulus consisting of target shapes with positive versus negative contour curvature polarity and one versus two axes of mirror symmetry. Priming shapes were included in two composite occlusion displays with the same T-junction information and different geometric features supporting a distinct balance between completion and mosaic solutions. A cue, either congruent or incongruent with targets, preceded the presentation of the composite priming display. Matching performance was affected by primes in the expected direction, while cue congruency participated only in a marginally significant three-way interaction, and prime duration had no effect. In Experiment 2, the cue→prime sequence was replaced by a fixation cross to control for the priming effect obtained in Experiment 1. The study confirmed that contour connectability and curvature polarity are effective structural factors capable of competing with symmetry in mid-level image segmentation and completion processes.
Psychophysical Tests Do Not Identify Ocular Dominance Consistently
Authors: García-Pérez Miguel A. , Peli Eli
Published: April 2019

Classical sighting or sensory tests are used in clinical practice to identify the dominant eye. Several psychophysical tests were recently proposed to quantify the magnitude of dominance but whether their results agree was never investigated. We addressed this question for the two most common psychophysical tests: The perceived-phase test, which measures the cyclopean appearance of dichoptically presented sinusoids of different phase, and the coherence-threshold test, which measures interocular differences in motion perception when signal and noise stimuli are presented dichoptically. We also checked for agreement with three classical tests (Worth 4-dot, Randot suppression, and Bagolini lenses). Psychophysical tests were administered in their conventional form and also using more dependable psychophysical methods. The results showed weak correlations between psychophysical measures of strength of dominance with inconsistent identification of the dominant eye across tests: Agreement on left-eye dominance, right-eye dominance, or nondominance by both tests occurred only for 11 of 40 observers (27.5%); the remaining 29 observers were classified differently by each test, including 14 cases (35%) of opposite classification (left-eye dominance by one test and right-eye dominance by the other). Classical tests also yielded conflicting results that did not agree well with classification based on psychophysical tests. The results are discussed in the context of determination of ocular dominance for clinical decisions.
Modeling the communication-satisfaction relationship in hospital patients
Authors: Pelletier Daniel , Green-Demers Isabelle , Collerette Pierre , Heberer Michael
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

Although it has long been known that communication with medical professionals presents a strong relationship with patient satisfaction, research on this topic has been hindered by conceptual and methodological issues (e.g. single-item measures, inclusion of idiosyncratic patient characteristics, etc.). Using a more comprehensive and integrated approach, this study had two objectives: to document the multidimensional structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15, and to test a patient communication/satisfaction model that organizes its dimensions in a conceptually logical array of relationships. First, the factorial structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15 was hypothesized to comprise five dimensions: communication with patient, with family, addressing fears/concerns, preparation for discharge, and patient satisfaction. Second, the hypothesized model included positive relationships between all four communications dimensions, on the one hand, and patient satisfaction, on the other. Within communication dimensions, communication with patient was hypothesized to be the incipient factor for other dimensions, and thus to be positively associated with the other three forms of communication.

Methods:

This research is based on a single time point design, which relied on administrative and questionnaire data. The study was conducted at a large University Hospital in Switzerland. The sample included 54,686 patients who received inpatient treatment, excluding those who were cared for in the intensive and intermediate care units. Patients filled out, over a 5-year period, the Picker Patient Experience questionnaire (PPE-15) after discharge (overall response rate of 41%).

Results:

The proposed five-factor structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15 was successfully supported by the results of a confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the hypothesized network of associations between communication and satisfaction latent constructs was substantiated using structural equation modeling. With the exception of the association between preparation for discharge and patient satisfaction, the hypothesized model was fully corroborated.

Conclusion:

A more in-depth understanding of patient satisfaction can be achieved when it is studied as a multifaceted phenomenon.
Knowledge and practice of radiation safety among health professionals in Trinidad
Authors: Partap Amanda , Raghunanan Ryan , White Kimani , Seepaul Trevor
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To determine the practices and knowledge of radiation safety measures among health care providers in tertiary institutions in Trinidad.

Design & Method:

A cross-sectional survey of health care professionals within two public hospitals was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to individuals working in Cardiology, General Surgery, Internal medicine, Orthopaedics, Radiology and Urology who require the use of ionizing radiation machines. The questionnaire comprised of 30 questions divided into five subcategories including demographic data, usage of the ionizing radiation machines, basic knowledge, and attitude towards personal protective equipment as well as radiation exposure measurement. Questionnaire results were tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Stata v11 with comparative statistical analysis being done using the one-way analysis of variance test.

Results:

A total of 118 health care professionals participated in this study. The majority (85/118 (72%)) of individuals revealed that they had no formal training regarding safe practices when working with ionizing radiation despite the daily use of the fluoroscopy machines by at least 25% of participants. Individuals who had formal training in the use of ionizing radiation were found to score significantly higher than those without training (p < 0.0001). Participants’ knowledge regarding the proper positioning of the C-arm image intensifier to reduce radiation exposure was low with 46% of individuals providing a correct response.

Conclusions:

The level of knowledge among the individuals who participate in the operation of ionizing radiation equipment throughout the country is low. The benefit of training in the use of the C-arm image intensifier is highlighted by the revelation that the individuals who had formal training in the use of these machines performed better than those individuals without training. Annual recertification courses should be implemented such that individuals are kept abreast with current changes and reminded of commonly neglected safety practices.
‘I’d like to think you could trust the government, but I don’t really think we can’: Australian women’s attitudes to and experiences of My Health Record
Authors: Lupton Deborah
Published: April 2019

The Australian government’s Australian Digital Health Agency is working towards its goal of enrolling every Australian in My Health Record, its national electronic health record system. This article reports findings from a qualitative project involving interviews and focus groups with Australian women about their use of digital health across the range of technologies available to them, including their attitudes to and experiences of My Health Record. A feminist new materialism perspective informed the project, working to surface the affordances, affective forces and relational connections that contributed to the opening up or closing off potential agential capacities when people come together with digitised systems such as My Health Record. These findings demonstrate that people’s personal experiences and feelings, the actions of others such as the agencies responsible for system implementation and function, their healthcare providers and broader social, cultural, technological and political factors are important in shaping their knowledge, interest in and acceptance of an electronic health record system. Even among this group of participants, who were experienced and active in finding and engaging with health information online, uncertainty and a lack of awareness of and interest in My Health Record were evident among many. Affordances such as technical difficulties were major barriers to enrolling and using the system successfully. No participants had yet found any benefit or use for it. Affective forces such as lack of trust and faith in the Australian government’s general technological expertise and concerns about data privacy and security were also key in many participants’ accounts.
Populism “made in Japan”: A new species?
Authors: Yoshida Toru
Published: April 2019

Despite rapidly growing literature on populism in advanced democracies, Japan is often overlooked. However, Japan has certainly not been immune to populist phenomena. In fact, populist politics in Japan can be divided into two categories: the first was in the 2000s, when Prime Minister Koizumi implemented vast reforms, and the second has proponents among the governors and mayors of big cities, such as Yasuo Tanaka, Toru Hashimoto, and Koike Yuriko. They have principally promoted neoliberal reforms, such as market deregulation, overhauling administrative systems, and limiting trade union autonomy. The economic interventionism and political authoritarianism characterizing recent populism in the West are not found in Japan, which explains why the literature has neglected Japanese cases of populism. Focusing mainly on the second type of populism, this article argues analytically that populism in Japan must be understood as a political strategy employed by the local executives. By examining cases of populist Japanese governors and mayors, we observe that populist politics are fueled at the local level by the institutional settings and electoral systems in regional politics. Aiming to contribute to the literature on varieties of populism, the article emphasizes theoretically that institutional mechanisms tend to foster populist politicians in Japan.
Factors Associated With Inability to Bear Weight Following Hip Fracture Surgery: An Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Hip Fracture Procedure Targeted Database
Authors: Malik Azeem Tariq , Quatman-Yates Catherine , Phieffer Laura S. , Ly Thuan V. , Khan Safdar N. , Quatman Carmen E.
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

While the benefits of early mobility for prevention of complications such as pneumonia, thromboembolic events, and improved mortality have been well studied in postsurgical patients, it is unclear which patients may struggle to achieve full weight-bearing on the first postoperative day.

Materials and Methods:

The 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Targeted Hip Fracture Database was queried regarding the ability to achieve weight-bearing on first postoperative day for older adults. Cases that occurred secondary to malignancy were excluded or for which weight-bearing was unachievable on the first postoperative day due to medical reasons were excluded.

Results:

A total of 6404 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study, with 1640 (25.6%) patients unable to bear weight on the first postoperative day. Following adjusted analysis, nonmodifiable patient factors such as dependent (partial or total) functional health status, dyspnea with moderate exertion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04-1.65]), ventilator dependency, and preoperative dementia on presentation to hospital were associated with lack of achievement of weight-bearing on the first postoperative day. Modifiable patient factors such as presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (OR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.11-1.64]), delirium, and low preoperative hematocrit and modifiable system factors including delayed time to surgery, total postoperative time >90 minutes, and transfer from an outside emergency department were also associated with inability to achieve weight-bearing on the first postoperative day.

Discussion:

Medical teams can utilize the results from this study to better identify patients preoperatively who may be at risk of not achieving early mobilization and proactively employ implement strategies to encourage mobility as soon as possible for hip fracture patients.
De Facto Fiscal Space in Donor-countries and Their Aid Supply: To What Extent is Trade-related Aid Supply Affected?
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm
Published: April 2019

This article investigates the impact of fiscal space in donor-countries on their official development aid (ODA) supply. It relies on the indicator of ‘De Facto Fiscal Space’ proposed by Aizenman and Jinjarak (The Fiscal Stimulus of 2009–10: Trade Openness, Fiscal Space and Exchange Rate Adjustment, NBER Working Paper 17427, 2011) and on a panel of 22 donor-countries over the period 1964–2015. The analysis considers four measures of ODA, including the total net aid transfers (NAT), ODA allocated to all sectors in the recipient-countries (ODAALLSECT), ODA allocated to the trade sector and ODA provided for the non-trade sector. The empirical results show that greater fiscal space in donor-countries influences positively donors’ NAT, their ODA allocated to all sectors as well as their ODA allocated to the non-trade sector in recipient-countries. At the same time, greater fiscal space in donor-countries does not influence ODA relating to the trade sector. Furthermore, the impact of fiscal space on ODA supply to the trade and non-trade sectors depends on donor-countries’ level of economic wealth.

Jel Classification: E62, F35
A rare case of multiple and huge simple bone cysts in Wilson’s disease
Authors: Ji Jong-Hun , Hwang Won-Ha , Lee Yeon Soo , Kim Jong Ok
Published: April 2019

A simple bone cyst is a tumor-like lesion that is not a true neoplasm. It usually presents as a solitary lesion within the proximal humerus and proximal femur. The etiology of simple bone cysts is still to be elucidated. We describe our experience in the successful surgical management of a rare case of two, large-sized, simple bone cysts involving the entire left humerus and right femoral head, respectively, in a 34-year-old male patient with Wilson’s disease and concomitant hepatic cirrhosis. We theorized that Wilson’s disease could be the cause of the delay or blockage of the natural healing process of the simple long-bone cysts, leading to their abnormal growth and development. To our knowledge, such a combined occurrence of multiple, simple long-bone cysts and Wilson’s disease has not been reported in the literature to date.
Estimating the Costs of Implementing Comprehensive Primary Care: A Narrative Review
Authors: Martsolf Grant R. , Kandrack Ryan , Friedberg Mark W. , Briscombe Brian , Hussey Peter S. , LaBonte Christiane
Published: April 2019

The performance of the any health-care system relies on a high-functioning primary care system. Increasing primary care practices’ adoption of “comprehensive primary care” capabilities might yield meaningful improvements in the quality and efficiency of primary care. However, many comprehensive primary care capabilities, such as care management and coordination, are not compensated via traditional fee-for-service payment. To calculate new payments for these capabilities, policymakers would need estimates of the costs that practices incur when adopting, maintaining, and using the capabilities. We performed a narrative review of the existing literature on the costs of adopting and implementing comprehensive primary care capabilities. These studies have found that practices incur significant costs when adopting and implementing comprehensive primary care capabilities. However, the studies had significant limitations that prevent extensive use of their estimates for payment policy. Particularly, the strongest studies focused on a small numbers of practices in specific geographic areas and the concepts and methods used to assess costs varied greatly across the studies. Furthermore, none of the studies in our review attempted to estimate differences in costs across practices with patients at varying levels of complexity and illness burden which is important for risk-adjusting payments to practices. Therefore, due to the heterogeneous designs and limited generalizability of published studies highlight the need for additional research, especially if payers wish to link their financial support for comprehensive primary care capabilities to the costs of these capabilities for primary care practices.
Validation of Risk Stratification Criteria to Identify Febrile Neonates at Low Risk of Serious Bacterial Infection
Authors: Rabiner Joni E. , Capua Maya , Golfeiz Dina , Shoag Jamie , Avner Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2019

Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of risk stratification criteria for febrile neonates in the emergency department. This was a retrospective study of febrile neonates ≤56 days of age. Patients were low risk for serious bacterial infection (SBI) if all test results were within normal ranges. Three hundred thirty-eight patients were enrolled with a mean age of 32 (±14) days, and 78 (23%) had SBI: 26 (8%) with bacteremia, 48 (14%) with urinary tract infection, 3 (1%) with meningitis, and 11 (3%) with pneumonia. Risk stratification criteria identified 47 (14%) as low risk, 2 of whom had SBI (both with Group B Streptococcus bacteremia). The sensitivity was 97.4% (95% confidence interval = 91.0% to 99.7%), and the negative predictive value was 95.7% (95% confidence interval = 84.8% to 98.9%). The risk stratification criteria have high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for identifying infants at low risk for SBI. Care must be taken to assure reliable follow-up.
Arginine Metabolism in Supragingival Oral Biofilms as a Potential Predictor of Caries Risk
Authors: Nascimento M.M. , Alvarez A.J. , Huang X. , Hanway S. , Perry S. , Luce A. , Richards V.P. , Burne R.A.
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Ammonia production via the arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria can function to reduce the cariogenicity of oral biofilms by neutralizing glycolytic acids that cause tooth demineralization.

Objectives:

This cohort study investigated the relationship between ADS activity and bacterial profile changes of supragingival biofilms with caries experience among children over time.

Methods:

A total of 79 children aged 2 to 7 y at baseline were assessed every 6 mo for a period of 18 mo. Children were grouped as caries free (CF), caries active with enamel lesions (CAE), or caries active with dentin lesions (CA). Supragingival plaque samples were collected from caries-free surfaces (PF) and from enamel (PE) and dentin (PD) lesions. Plaque ADS activity was measured by monitoring citrulline production from arginine and compared with ribosomal 16S rRNA–derived taxonomic profiles for the same samples.

Results:

At baseline, 37% of the children were CF, 34% CAE, and 29% CA. At 18 mo, 26% were CF, 41% CAE, 23% CA, and 10% were caries experienced (new restorations but no caries activity). Throughout the study period, ADS activity was significantly higher in the CF group than the CA group (P < 0.0001), and ADS activity in the PF samples was significantly higher than in the PE and PD samples (P < 0.0001). Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial communities could be differentiated when plaque samples are grouped into levels of high and low ADS activity.

Conclusions:

There is a positive correlation between caries activity and low arginolytic capacity of the supragingival oral biofilms of children and tooth surfaces over time. Measurements of arginine metabolism via ADS may be useful to differentiate the caries risk of individuals and tooth surfaces.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Findings from this study support the development of new strategies for caries risk assessment and prevention based on modulation of the virulence of the oral microbiome through arginine metabolism in supragingival biofilms.
The Legacy of Charles Frederick Reeve
Authors: Wilson Elisabeth
Published: April 2019

In 1893 Charles Frederick Reeve (1859–1941) established the Poona and Indian Village Mission, one of the few missions founded in Australasia. It flourished under his leadership for the first ten years before major problems surfaced, continuing in outreach and mission until 1968. This article examines Reeve’s life, personality, and impact, and also the influence on him of his decade with the Brethren in Hobart, Tasmania. It seeks to rescue him from unwonted academic oblivion.
The Place of Mission in Bonhoeffer’s Ethics
Authors: Kim Benjamin H.
Published: April 2019

This article considers mission and evangelism in light of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theology of reality and its relation to the two-realms doctrine. Particular attention is given to his Ethics, wherein his understanding of the Christ-reality supersedes all formulations that would dichotomize the sacred from the secular. Bonhoeffer’s use of “ultimate” and “penultimate” defines the conditions in which mission is realized in the world. The implications of Bonhoeffer’s theology are conceptual, with the sacred and secular sharing the same Christ-reality, and practical, with the church standing as the penultimate agent of mission in the world.
Accuracy of Humeral Implant Positioning Using a Canal-Sparing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty System
Authors: Baranek Eric S , Trofa David P , Levine William N , Goldberg Steven S
Published: April 2019

Background

Accurate restoration of anatomy is critical in reestablishing proper glenohumeral joint function in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). However, even experienced surgeons inconsistently achieve anatomic restoration. This study evaluates whether a new canal-sparing arthroplasty system, designed using the principles of calibrated bone resection and incorporating a nonspherical humeral head prosthesis, can assist in more accurate and reliable reproduction of proximal humeral anatomy compared to a stemmed arthroplasty system.

Methods

The difference between the anatomic center of rotation (COR) of the humeral head and the postoperative prosthetic COR (defined as ΔCOR) was measured in a consecutive case series of 110 shoulder arthroplasties performed by a single surgeon. The first 55 cases used a stemmed arthroplasty system and the subsequent 55 cases used a new canal-sparing implant system that uses a multiplanar osteotomy (MPO) during humeral head preparation. Cases with ΔCOR ≥3.0 mm were deemed clinically significant outliers.

Results

The average ΔCOR in the MPO group was 1.7 ± 1.2 mm versus 2.8 ± 1.5 mm in the stemmed group ( P = .00005). The incidence of outliers was lower (14.5% vs 40.0%, P = .005), and there were more cases with a ΔCOR ≤1.0 mm (32.7% vs 3.6%, P = .0001) in the MPO group compared to the stemmed group.

Conclusion

The MPO TSA system provided improved accuracy and precision in restoring proximal humeral anatomy compared to stemmed arthroplasty systems, even in its initial use. This alternative method of humeral replacement may increase consistency in restoring proper anatomy and kinematics in TSA.
Genesis and Evolution of Executive Education in India: A Message to CEOs
Authors: Dholakia Bakul
Published: April 2019

The approach of executive education in India is changing by following more and more customised approach. Organisations are now looking for outcome-based training for their employees, their needs have changed to a specific area with respect to industry. Organisations should look for long-term collaboration with the executive education provider to be effective throughout the various levels, and continuity needs to be maintained in for the same. The faculties involved in providing executive education must be aware of the organisational structure, environment and process. Also, the case study mode and relevance of the cases matters a lot in providing quality executive education.
Communicating with the hepatobiliary surgeon through structured report
Authors: Cannella Roberto , Taibbi Adele , Pardo Salvatore , Lo Re Giuseppe , La Grutta Ludovico , Bartolotta Tommaso Vincenzo
Published: April 2019

Communicating radiological findings to hepatobiliary surgeons is not an easy task due to the complexity of liver imaging, coexistence of multiple hepatic lesions and different surgical treatment options. Recently, the adoption and implementation of structured report in everyday clinical practice has been supported to achieve higher quality, more reproducibility in communication and closer adherence to current guidelines. In this review article, we will illustrate the main benefits, strengths and limitations of structured reporting, with particular attention on the advantages and challenges of structured template in the preoperative evaluation of cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients with focal liver lesions. Structured reporting may improve the preoperative evaluation, focusing on answering specific clinical questions that are requested by hepatobiliary surgeons in candidates to liver resection.
An open toolkit for tracking open science partnership implementation and impact
Authors: Gold E. Richard , Ali-Khan Sarah E. , Allen Liz , Ballell Lluis , Barral-Netto Manoel , Carr David , Chalaud Damien , Chaplin Simon , Clancy Matthew S. , Clarke Patricia , Cook-Deegan Robert , Dinsmore A. P. , Doerr Megan , Federer Lisa , Hill Steven A. , Jacobs Neil , Jean Antoine , Jefferson Osmat Azzam , Jones Chonnettia , Kahl Linda J. , Kariuki Thomas M. , Kassel Sophie N. , Kiley Robert , Kittrie Elizabeth Robboy , Kramer Bianca , Lee Wen Hwa , MacDonald Emily , Mangravite Lara M. , Marincola Elizabeth , Mietchen Daniel , Molloy Jennifer C. , Namchuk Mark , Nosek Brian A. , Paquet Sébastien , Pirmez Claude , Seyller Annabel , Skingle Malcolm , Spadotto S. Nicole , Staniszewska Sophie , Thelwall Mike
Published: April 2019

Serious concerns about the way research is organized collectively are increasingly being raised. They include the escalating costs of research and lower research productivity, low public trust in researchers to report the truth, lack of diversity, poor community engagement, ethical concerns over research practices, and irreproducibility. Open science (OS) collaborations comprise of a set of practices including open access publication, open data sharing and the absence of restrictive intellectual property rights with which institutions, firms, governments and communities are experimenting in order to overcome these concerns. We gathered two groups of international representatives from a large variety of stakeholders to construct a toolkit to guide and facilitate data collection about OS and non-OS collaborations. Ultimately, the toolkit will be used to assess and study the impact of OS collaborations on research and innovation. The toolkit contains the following four elements: 1) an annual report form of quantitative data to be completed by OS partnership administrators; 2) a series of semi-structured interview guides of stakeholders; 3) a survey form of participants in OS collaborations; and 4) a set of other quantitative measures best collected by other organizations, such as research foundations and governmental or intergovernmental agencies. We opened our toolkit to community comment and input. We present the resulting toolkit for use by government and philanthropic grantors, institutions, researchers and community organizations with the aim of measuring the implementation and impact of OS partnership across these organizations. We invite these and other stakeholders to not only measure, but to share the resulting data so that social scientists and policy makers can analyse the data across projects.
Profile of Macro-Micro Mineral and Carotenoids in Pomacea Canaliculata
Authors: NURJANAH NURJANAH , NURHAYATI TATI , HIDAYAT TAUFIK , AMELIAWATI MONICA AGUSTINA
Published: April 2019

Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) can lay 15-20 groups of eggs that each group is about 500 eggs. The purpose studi were to determine the content of macro-micro mineral and carotenoids in P. canaliculata from Dramaga Aquatic, Bogor. The study that was done is a measurement of morphometric size and weight in golden apple snail eggs group, analysis of proximate, mineral, and total carotenoids. One group of golden apple snail eggs has length average of 3.7±0.7 cm; width (2.2±0.3) cm; height (1.2±0.3) cm, and weight (4.4±1.4) grams. Results proximate analysis showed that 75.55±3.20% moisture, 13.81±3.37% ash, 3.32±0.22% protein, 0.19±3,37% fat, and 7.12±0,11% carbohydrate. Macro mineral content of golden apple snail eggs from the highest to the lowest were calcium (17925.18±116.64 ppm), natrium (402.92±4.55 ppm), calium (252.02±12.06 ppm), phosphorus (197.28±0.33 ppm), and magnesium (112.29±0.36 ppm). Micro mineral content of golden apple snail eggs showed that copper (10.16±0.33 ppm), iron (7.83±0.14 ppm), and zinc (5.28±0.05 ppm), Carotenoids in golden apple snail eggs was313.48±19.73 ppm. This is higher than the carotenoids in carrots of hybrid various (60.21±0.66 to 79.47±0.42 ppm), flying fish eggs (245.37 ppm) and chinook salmon egg (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (17.9 ppm).
Partindo de um museu: uma introdução à história social da psicologia
Authors: Cirino Sérgio , Hoffmam Deborah Christina Lopes
Published: April 2019

Portugal, F., Facchinetti, C., & Castro, A. (Orgs.) (2018). História Social da Psicologia. Rio de Janeiro: Nau.
Supporting Children and Young People with Atopic Eczema
Authors: Duncan Deborah Louise
Published: April 2019

Atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis affects 15–20% of children in the UK and these figures appear to be rising ( Hoare et al, 2000 ; Fennessy et al, 2000 ; Ruzicka et al, 2013 ; Williams et al, 1994 ). This condition affects so many school-aged children, negatively impacting the quality of life for both the children and their families ( Hoare et al, 2000 ). Not only is it a disease causing dry skin but it can also lead to skin damage and infection, pain, insomnia and the social stigma of a skin disease ( Hoare et al, 2000 ). Although treatment and guidelines seem to have remained unchanged since the NICE 2017 guidelines, there is a real emphasis on accurate physical and mental assessment of the child with atopic eczema ( NICE, 2018 ). The role of school nurses is important as they can empower children to take control of their condition, reduce flare-ups and cope with the physical and psychological impacts of the disease.