bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATÉRIA ESCURA EM GALÁXIAS ESPIRAIS
Authors: Samile Araujo Carneiro dos Santos  , Rainer Karl Madejsky
Published: November 2022

A gravitação é uma das quatro forças da natureza e é a mais comum de ser observada visivelmente por nós em interações do cotidiano, como no movimento de queda de corpos, no movimento de corpos celestes e no nosso peso na Terra. A primeira pessoa a formular uma lei matemática para descrever a gravitação foi Isaac Newton, porém antes disso já havia uma descrição teórica da interação gravitacional por Aristóteles.
ATRIBUIÇÃO DOS CUSTOS NOS ARTESANATOS CONFECCIONADOS POR GRUPOS SOLIDÁRIOS DA FEIRA DE SABERES E SABORES DA UEFS: UMA APROXIMAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR ENTRE A CONTABILIDADE E A ECONOMIA POPULAR E SOLIDÁRIA
Authors: Carolaine Santana dos Santos  , Jose Raimundo Oliveira Lima
Published: November 2022

“Desde que o homem sentiu a necessidade de ter informações econômicas, patrimoniais e financeiras a respeito de seus negócios que surgiu a contabilidade de custos com o objetivo de gerar informações para subsídios na tomada de decisões.” (CABRAL, 2018, p.9). De acordo com Lopes e Buriola (2019), o processo de contagem surgiu por volta de 2000 anos antes de Cristo com a necessidade que o ser humano teve de controlar seu patrimônio.
O NOVO PLANO DIRETOR DE FEIRA DE SANTANA E AS ZONAS ESPECIAIS DE INTERESSE SOCIAL (ZEIS)
Authors: Iago de Oliveira Enéas  , Adriana Nogueira Vieira Lima
Published: November 2022

O Municipio de Feira de Santana possui cerca de 600 mil habitantes, caracterizando-se como um centro urbano regional, político, imobiliário, cultural e comercial da Região. A Cidade de Feira de Santana é caracerizada por uma forte segregação socioespacial e um elevado deficit habitacional.
Incentivos Fiscais com Finalidade Ambiental: Um estudo comparado do IPTU Verde nos municípios de Salvador e Feira de Santana
Authors: Laís Ferreira da Silva  , Tania Cristina Azevedo
Published: November 2022

A Tributação Ecológica pode ser utilizada para angariar receitas para projetos ambientais, para tributar condutas maléficas à biodiversidade, além de servir de estímulo às boas práticas ao meio ambiente por meio dos incentivos fiscais. Em países com altacarga tributária, como no Brasil, adotar a tributação verde na figura dos benefícios tributários torna-se uma ação mais assertiva (Cavalcante, 2012).
Dancing On The Edge Of Oblivion
Authors: Petranek Liana M.
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the current precarious state of the US economy vis-à-vis the rise of China and the US proxy war in Ukraine. It discusses the problematic of a capitalist economy and the fundamental requirement of capital accumulation to avert and circumvent capitalist cyclical crises. It also discusses the methodology of accumulation, the law of value and the necessity of geographic hegemonic control in order to sustain homeostasis within a capitalist economy. Brought into the discussion is the effect such a dynamic imposes upon not only the hegemons (US, EU, Russia, and China) within the global economy but also the population and environment that such an unrelenting mission imposes upon the ecology and geopolitical state of affairs. In response to the endogenous exigencies of capital accumulation and the exogenous threats that such projects as China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Russia’s interests as an Eastern European hegemon present, US foreign policy is designed as strategies (“strategy of containment” in reference to Russia after World War II and now the “strategy of denial” to contain the influence China presents as a world hegemon). Also, policy changes that are codified, such as the
Bush Doctrine and the
National Security Strategy of the United States of America provided legal rationalization and protection for the US to pursue practices that contravened international law i.e. the Geneva Conventions. China has emerged as a world hegemon and is ubiquitously engaging on the world stage especially in Eastern, Western and South Asia, the Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, South and Central America, and Mexico. The country is becoming a threat to US capitalist interest with their “natural partnerships,” with their China–Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), with their 1+2+3 Cooperation Frameworks, and with their 4 Action Plans within these countries. These Chinese initiatives as actions are seen to be destabilizing what the US calls “the balance of power” and “the rules-based order” within the global economy. The US is counteracting the threat to US capital accumulation with its neoliberal and neocon agenda, mostly formulated by the main actors within the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) who play an important role in formulating US foreign policy in the interest of US capital and the US military industrial complex. The US is implementing this with the postulates outlined in the 2021 book
The Strategy of Denial: American Defense in an Age of Great Power Conflict by Eldridge A. Colby and his fellow cohorts within the CFR who formulated the theory and particulars of the strategy that the US is currently pursuing.
"El espejo": un filme pangénero
Authors: Goyes Narváez Julio César
Published: November 2022

El espejo (1974), de Andréi Tarkovski, es un filme con un montaje heterodoxo, tan insólito y fuera de serie como fue la concepción misma del guion y su rodaje. ¿Cuál es el género: dramático, lírico, épico? ¿Se trata de un documental o de un argumental? ¿Es una docuficción, un falso documental, un ensayo fílmico? ¿Es experimental, underground? Las preguntas podrían prolongarse, pues esta es una de las características artísticas que hace de esta obra cinematográfica una de las más inquietantes de la segunda mitad del siglo XX,manteniendo actualidad y devoción. Palabras clave: El espejo, Tarkovski, lógica poética, pangénero, filme onírico
El retorn al mite d'Andrei Tarkovski
Authors: Ferrer Roger
Published: November 2022

Andrei Tarkovski destaca com un director de cinema capaç de crear una noció de temps més singular i fàcil de reconèixer. El temps tarkovskià està determinat pel pensament mític, l’acte ritual i la unió de l’ésser humà microcòsmic amb el macrocosmos. Dins la seva filmografia apareix sovint la idea que el món tornarà a revitalitzar-se gràcies a la repetició i l’actualització d’un ritu originari. Mitjançant exemples de pel·lícules seves,com Solaris, Nostàlgia i Sacrifici, es mostraran algunes de les maneres en què aquestes ideeses van convertir en escenes fílmiques. Paraules clau: pensament mític, etern retorn, temps cíclic, acte ritual, cinema d’autor.
Distopía, futurismo y maquinización en Mosko-Strom de Rosa Arciniega
Authors: Leonardo-Loayza Richard Angelo
Published: November 2022

El siguiente artículo se propone realizar una lectura de una de las novelas más representativas de Rosa Arciniega en su estancia en España desde 1928 a 1936, Mosko-Strom. El torbellino de las grandes metrópolis (1933). Por medio del análisis de la obra se reflexionará en torno a la posición crítica que desarrolla la autora respecto al proceso de maquinización que experimenta occidente en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, en el cual el futurismo, como ideología, desempeña un rol muy importante. Para realizar dicha crítica, Arciniega elabora una distopía en la que presenta los efectos negativos de dicha maquinización. Lo interesante del texto es que no solo se hace referencia a este negativo estado de cosas, sino que se plantea una solución para resolverlo. En este sentido, Mosko-Strom se constituye en una novela de tesis.
Delhy Tejero, ilustradora en Crónica y sus primeras narraciones inspiradas en Elena Fortún
Authors: Romero López Dolores
Published: November 2022

Tras obtener título como profesora de dibujo, grabado y modelado en la Escuela de San Fernando de Madrid, Delhy Tejero (1904-1968) comenzaría a desarrollar una notable labor como ilustradora. Entre 1930 y 1935 colaborará con el suplemento infantil de la revista gráfica Crónica, ilustrando cuentos de Antoniorrobles, José Santuguini, Elena Fortún, Sara Insúa y Josefina Carabias, entre otros. Este artículo analiza la relación que mantuvo Delhy Tejero con diversos escritores durante la Segunda República española, centrándose particularmente en el análisis de las ilustraciones que realizó para los cuentos que Elena Fortún publicó en Crónica. Además, como se demostrará, el cuento "Colasín" —publicado por Fortún en dicha revista, en 1932, con ilustraciones de Delhy— influye en la escritura de su primera narración infantil, "Un niño al revés". El fin último de esta investigación es mostrar cómo la gran capacidad de fabulación de Delhy Tejero necesitaba tanto del pincel como de la pluma para dar rienda suelta a su imaginación.
¿Contratos de explotación mutuamente beneficiosos? Abuso de poder, personas vulnerables y grandes laboratorios farmacéuticos
Authors: Stern Lucas
Published: November 2022

En un mundo extremadamente desigual donde hay países poderosos y otros débiles, nos encontramos con empresas que aumentan sus ganancias y personas que disminuyen sus expectativas de vida. Mientras los laboratorios farmacéuticos del primer mundo necesitan probar sus medicamentos en seres humanos, millones de personas vulnerables del tercer mundo necesitan medicamentos a los que no pueden acceder dado el contexto de pobreza en el que se encuentran. Ante esta situación, pueden surgir conflictos de interés entre laboratorios y personas vulnerables en torno al testeo y acceso a los medicamentos, respectivamente. Este artículo propone reflexionar y discutir, desde aportes teóricos procedentes del campo ético, lo que algunos autores han denominado contratos explotativos en alusión a la relación mutuamente beneficiosa y voluntaria entre actores empresariales y personas vulnerables. Específicamente y a partir de diversos ejemplos, analizaremos si dichos contratos cumplen o no con algunos principios éticos fundamentales.
Dilemas éticos e conflito de interesses na sindemia de COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Cassimiro Márcia de Cássia
Published: November 2022

Dilemas éticos e conflito de interesses são discutidos com foco na sindemia do SARS-CoV-2. Em números totais, o Brasil é o segundo país com mais mortes registradas pela COVID-19. À exceção da gripe espanhola, em 1918, o Brasil jamais vivenciou tamanha dramaticidade. Corrupção, negacionismo, notícias falsas, estrangulamento das políticas sociais, retrocessos dos direitos humanos, desmonte e desassistência das áreas da saúde e educação, provocados pela má gestão da pandemia pelo governo brasileiro intensificou o recrudescimento de várias enfermidades, resultando em milhares de famílias enlutadas e órfãos. Estes são alguns dos temas debatidos à luz da ciência, a fim de contribuir para mitigar o impacto causado pelo aumento da vulnerabilidade e da desigualdade na população.
Legal initiative for Gestational Surrogacy in Portugal: an overview of the legal, regulatory, and ethical issues
Authors: Patrão Neves Maria
Published: November 2022

Gestational surrogacy is a controversial ethical issue worldwide. In 2016, Portugal launched a second political attempt to legalize gestational surrogacy, proposing it as: being altruistic; forbidding a biological tie between the surrogate and the child; requiring a biological relationship between one of the legal parents and the child; and demanding a legal contract between the surrogate and the legal parents. The law was approved, regulated and entered into force. However, months later, the Constitutional Court ruled some of its norms unconstitutional, namely due to: the legal ambiguity of the surrogacy contracts; too short a deadline for the surrogate’s withdraw of consent; and the need to comply with the children’s right to know their biological origin. The law entered a complex political and legal process. It also caused a serious problem in assisted reproductive treatments, with the suspension of those treatments that entailed the anonymity of the donors. The law on surrogacy was, finally, enacted in November 2021, although the introduction of its regulation is still pending. This paper describes the legal process, within its political context, stressing the ethical issues at stake, and presenting the initiative for legalization of gestational surrogacy in Portugal as a valuable case study analysis: of how a top-down initiative, ideologically driven and politically rushed, and which ignores ethical advice, generates a troubled and penalizing legal process for the people involved.
La maternidad subrogada en México
Authors: Dobernig Mariana
Published: November 2022

La maternidad subrogada ha estado presente en la vida reproductiva de miles de parejas que buscan, a través de este procedimiento, lograr el sueño de convertirse en padres/madres de una criatura que tenga su mismo origen biológico. Estas parejas no pueden concebir debido a una imposibilidad física para gestar o por tratarse de parejas del mismo sexo, siendo ésta la única forma de convertirse en padres/madres biológicos. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, cada vez son más los casos que llegan a diversos tribunales con disputas por el reconocimiento de la filiación y la nacionalidad, así como problemas por la forma en que el poder legislativo ha regulado estos procedimientos. A través de estas líneas se expondrá lo que ha resuelto la Suprema Corte de Justicia de México sobre este tema, ya que los estados de Tabasco y Sinaloa han regulado el uso de la maternidad subrogada, pero en el año 2016 se solicitó la revisión de la Suprema Corte de la norma establecida en Tabasco por considerarla inconstitucional.
Reflexiones sobre el primer caso de triple filiación desde el nacimiento en Argentina. Por qué es importante establecer diferencias con la adopción y la subrogación del embarazo
Authors: Cristina Mariana
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo  tiene el propósito de reflexionar sobre un reciente caso de triple filiación desde el nacimiento en Argentina que constituye una nueva forma de coparentalidad. Para ello, en primer lugar, realizo una descripción de los hechos y la sentencia. En segundo lugar, refiero que los feminismos y los movimientos por la diversidad han colaborado en comprensiones y prácticas más respetuosas y dinámicas de la institución familiar en clara oposición al neoconservadurismo. Luego planteo que la defensa de dicho dinamismo familiar fundado no debiera llevarnos a defender cualquier camino para la consecución del proyecto familiar, puntualmente en el caso de varones solos o en pareja. Por ello, diferencio los modos que usualmente tienen para alcanzar la paternidad con el objetivo de mostrar cómo la coparentalidad y la adopción son moralmente aceptables mientras que la subrogación del embarazo es cuestionable éticamente.
Sobre la gestación por sustitución. Otra vuelta de tuerca
Authors: Atienza Manuel
Published: November 2022

El autor vuelve a insistir, a propósito de una reciente sentencia del Tribunal Supremo español, en tres tesis sobre la gestación por sustitución que ya había defendido en otras ocasiones: no se trata de una práctica prohibida en nuestro Derecho (la nulidad no es lo mismo que la ilicitud); no atenta, en sí misma considerada, contra la dignidad humana, de la mujer gestante o del niño; y su regulación no tiene por qué exigir la gratuidad por parte de la mujer gestante, si bien la remuneración que esta pudiera recibir no debe quedar librada a las leyes del mercado.
Investigation of the optical properties of a deep-ultraviolet LED with an Al nanograting structure
Authors: Li Yi , Ge Mei , Wang Meiyu , Guo Xinglong , Zhu Youhua
Published: November 2022

The optical properties of deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diode (LED) with Al nanograting structure are investigated by three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The peak intensity of TE and TM polarization radiation recombination rate of the grating structure is increased by 33.3% and 22.0% as compared to the control structure with Al plane. The light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the emitted light whose propagation direction is in the plane perpendicular to the Al-grating ridge is much higher than that in the plane parallel to the Al-grating ridge due to the scattering of the grating. Without considering the lateral surface extraction and packaging, the total LEE of the grating structure can be improved by 41.4% as compared to the control structure. The peak intensity of the output spectrum of the DUV LED with the grating structure can be increased by 70.3%.
Wide field of view chiral imaging with a liquid crystal planar lens enabled by digitalized nanogratings
Authors: Yang Zi-Xing , Shou Qian-Long , Zhou Xiaohong , Zhang Xin-Jun , Huang Wenbin , Chen Linsen
Published: November 2022

To compensate for the inability for polarization imaging by conventional methods, metasurface optics with compactness and multi-function emerge as an approach to provide images with different linear and circular polarizations. Here, we propose a liquid crystal (LC) geometric phase-based chiral imaging lens (CIL) that simultaneously forms images of objects with opposite helicity. The CIL (Diameter 2.3 cm) was optimized by a spatial multiplexing algorithm and realized using the digital holography technique, where the LC domains were regulated by pixelated nanogratings with varied orientation. We investigated the potential of the patterning technique toward high order LC alignment by balancing the periodicity and depth of the nanogratings. The CIL exhibited a wide field of view of ±20°, which is attributed to the self- assembling effects of LC molecules. The compactness, lightness, and ability to produce chiral images of the LC CIL even at large angles have significant potential for practical polarization imaging.
Ultra-wideband discrete Raman amplifier optimization for single-span S-C-L-band coherent transmission systems
Authors: Hazarika Pratim , Tan Mingming , Donodin Aleksandr , Patel Mohammad , Phillips Ian , Harper Paul , Forysiak Wladek
Published: November 2022

We experimentally compare the performance of two key ultra-wideband discrete Raman amplifier structures, a cascaded dual-stage structure and an in-parallel dual-band structure, in fully loaded S-C-L band coherent transmission systems over 70 km of single-mode fiber. Our results show that dual-band discrete Raman amplifier with minimized backreflections can effectively avoid unstable random distributed feedback lasing, reduce the noise figure, and therefore improve the transmission performance for signals at shorter wavelengths, versus the cascaded dual-stage structure. The average noise figure for S-band signals is 6.8 dB and 7.2 dB for the dual-band structure and cascaded dual-stage structure, respectively, while the average S-band Q2 factor is similarly improved by 0.6 dB. Moreover, the cascaded dual-stage discrete Raman amplifier requires guard bands around the 1485-nm and 1508-nm pumps as the signal and pump wavelengths overlap, which results in a bandwidth loss of ∼10 nm and reduces the potential net data throughput to 28.6 Tb/s for 30-GBaud DP-16QAM signals. However, the dual-band structure can utilize the bandwidth more effectively, which leads to a higher estimated net data throughput of 31.2 Tb/s.
Generation of vector vortex beams by axially symmetric sheared polymer network liquid crystals
Authors: Lu Ting-Hua , Wang Yu-Jen , Chen Yu-Fang , Lin Yi-Hsin
Published: November 2022

Liquid crystals have been widely used in optoelectronic devices because of their fast response and excellent electro-optic properties. Featuring a unique ability to manipulate light, they are also proposed as a good candidate in topological photonics for further applications. In this study, an axially symmetric sheared polymer network liquid crystal (ASPNLC) is fabricated to demonstrate vector vortex beams. Linearly and circularly polarized light is used to illuminate the sample, and the output vector vortex beams generated from the ASPNLC indicate that the polarization states of the output beams are dependent on the polarization of the incident light. The measured phenomena are modeled on the bases of phase retardation and Jones calculus to eventually calculate the polarization-resolved intensity profiles accordingly. Hence, our experimental study provides a holistic understanding of the method for generating vector vortex beams by an ASPNLC, which is expected to enhance the knowledge of optical mechanisms for liquid crystal applications.
Laser pulse cutoff at nonlinear reflection due to Raman backscattering in plasma
Authors: Balakin A. A. , Skobelev S. A. , Litvak A. G.
Published: November 2022

A method for generating subrelativistic laser pulses with a sharp leading edge is proposed, which is based on Raman backscattering of an intense short pump pulse by a counter-propagating long low-frequency pulse propagating in a thin plasma layer. A thin plasma layer serves both to attenuate parasitic effects and to effectively reflect the central part of the pump pulse when the field amplitude exceeds the threshold value. A prepulse with a lower field amplitude passes through the plasma almost without scattering. This method works for subrelativistic laser pulses with durations up to 100 fs. The contrast of the leading edge of the laser pulse is determined by the seed pulse amplitude.
Population distribution within the human climate niche
Authors: Klinger Barry A. , Ryan Sadie J.
Published: November 2022

Climate change may pose an acute threat to humanity due to physical and biological constraints on regional habitability. A recent study proposed that the human climate niche is a narrow segment of the Earth’s temperature range, with a mode of habitation around 13°C. Here, the human climate niche is recharacterized using a novel graphical technique, the size-intensity chart. Several measures of population distribution were compiled to test the idea that humans live preferentially in the temperate range (10–20°C) rather than the warm range (20–30°C). The temperate range has a higher average population density (people/km2), which suggests that it is more suitable for humans than the warm range. However, other population measures suggest the opposite. The warm range has a greater overall population; and regions with high population densities cover a greater land area and are home to more people in the warm range. Population density also depends on annual precipitation R; size intensity charts show that population density increases sharply with precipitation for 40 < R < 80 cm/yr. The warm temperature range has a greater surface area with desert conditions of R < 10 cm/yr, but sparse habitation in dry regions does not explain the lower average population density of the warm range. Overall, human habitation patterns do not show a consistent preference for temperate over warm lands, and that precipitation may mediate, but not limit this relationship.
Dark-Channel Enhanced-Compensation Net: An end-to-end inner-reflection compensation method for immersive projection system
Authors: Zhang Xiangmei , Hu Zongyu , Wu Zhihong , Chen Hu , Cheng Peng
Published: November 2022

Immersive projection display system is widely adopted in virtual reality and various exhibition halls. How to maintain high display quality in an immersive projection environment with uneven illumination and the color deviation caused by the inter-reflection of light is still a challenging task. In this paper, we innovatively propose a deep learning-based radiation compensation for an L-shaped projector-camera system. This method employs complex reflection phenomena to simulate the light transport processing in an L-shaped environment, we also designed a Dark-Channel Enhanced-Compensation Net (DECNet) which composed of a convolutional neural network called Compensation Net, a DarkChannelNet and another subnet (such as sensing network) aiming at achieving high-quality reproduction of projected display images. The final output of DECNet is the compensation image to be projected. It is always a critical problem to establish appropriate evaluation and analysis indexes throughout the research of light pollution compensation algorithms. In this paper, PSNR, SSIM, and RMSE are proposed to quantitatively analyze the image quality. The experimental results show that this method has certain advantages in reducing the inter-reflection of the projection plane. And our method could also well replace the traditional process using the backlight transmission matrix. It can be concluded to a certain that this method can be extended to other more complex projection environments with strong scalability and inclusiveness.
Land cover type modulates the distribution of litter in a Nordic cultural landscape
Authors: Eide Sara K. K. , Leh Linn N. , Eines Katinka S. , Hovland Ingunn , By Marit , Ingvaldsen Elise W. , Tinlund Marthe , Emerita Evan , Machado Luciano A. , Brønner Stian , Nilsen Erlend B. , Steyaert Sam M. J. G.
Published: November 2022

Litter pollution is a global environmental problem that occurs in virtually all ecosystems. Scientific research on anthropogenic litter and its environmental impacts focusses predominantly on plastics and the marine environment. Little empirical knowledge exists about the distribution and ecological impacts of litter in terrestrial environments, where most litter is produced. To start closing that knowledge gap, we investigated the distribution of litter in a cultural landscape in central Norway and in relation to land cover types. We registered and collected litter in 110 survey plots that were randomly stratified across various land cover types. Our results show that land cover type modulates the occurrence, abundance, fragments size, and that litter is most present and abundant in or near land cover types associated with high human activities. Plastic was by far the most common litter material type, although the litter community (in terms of materials type) was not independent from land cover type. This knowledge can help to inform and optimize litter management and clean-up activities in terrestrial landscapes. How and to what extent the spatial structure of the litter community mediates ecological effects across various land cover types remains unknown to a large extent and warrants further study.
In-school adolescents’ loneliness, social support, and suicidal ideation in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging Global School Health data to advance mental health focus in the region
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Okyere Joshua , Frimpong James Boadu , Kumar Manasi
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Adolescent and youth mental health problems are increasingly becoming an area of concern in global health. Young people in sub-Saharan Africa experience significant adversities and systemic challenges despite technological advancements and demographic transition that the region is experiencing. We examined the nexus between experiences of loneliness, low social support, and presence of suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.

Method

A total of 19,119 in-school adolescents from eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa were included in this study. Suicidal ideation was the main outcome variable and loneliness, and social support were the explanatory variables. Percentages were used to summarise the prevalence of suicidal ideation, loneliness, and social support among the in-school adolescents. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was later used to determine the association between suicidal ideation and the explanatory variables and covariates using Stata v16. Four models were tested using the regression analysis. We presented the regression results using adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Overall, the past year prevalence of loneliness, peer support, one or more close friends, and suicidal ideation were 10%, 33.4%, 90.1%, and 14.5%, respectively. In-school adolescents who felt lonely (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.69, 2.09) were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. However, those who received peer support (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.97) and had one or more close friends (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.86) were less likely to experience suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

These results point to the significant roles of loneliness, and lack of social support, in understanding suicidal ideations. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa need to improve child and adolescent mental health policies and programmes to respond to these risk factors and mental health challenges. Programmes with a differential focus on the needs of males and females, younger and older adolescents will be important in the future.
Experiences of participants in a clinical trial of a novel radioactive treatment for advanced prostate cancer: A nested, qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: Viljoen Bianca , Hofman Michael S. , Chambers Suzanne K. , Dunn Jeff , Dhillon Haryana M. , Davis Ian D. , Ralph Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Qualitative studies nested within clinical trials can provide insight into the treatment experience, how this evolves over time and where improved supportive care is required. The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe the lived experiences of men with advanced prostate cancer participating in the TheraP trial; a randomised trial of 177Lu-PSMA-617 compared with cabazitaxel chemotherapy.

Methods

Fifteen men with advanced prostate cancer were recruited from the TheraP clinical trial with interviews conducted at three timepoints during the trial. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used, and interviews analysed using thematic analysis. This research paper reports the results from the mid-point, conclusion and follow up interviews, focusing specifically on participants’ experiences of trial participation.

Results

Three themes were identified representing the lived experiences of men with advanced prostate cancer participating in the TheraP trial: (1) facing limited options; (2) anticipating outcomes and (3) coping with health changes.

Conclusions

Men who enrol in clinical trial of anti-neoplastic treatments for prostate cancer need targeted psychological and supportive care that includes attention to unique aspects of the experience of having prostate cancer and being in a clinical trial. As part of their trial experience, men with advanced prostate cancer need to be regularly assessed for survivorship needs, fully informed, supported and referred to services for regular care and support across the trajectory of their disease.

Trial registration

NCT03392428. Registered on 8 January 2018 (ANZUP1603).
Digital games and virtual reality applications in child abuse: A scoping review and conceptual framework
Authors: Asadzadeh Afsoon , Shahrokhi Hassan , Shalchi Behzad , Khamnian Zhila , Rezaei-Hachesu Peyman
Published: November 2022

Child abuse refers to any form of maltreatment, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age. Digital games and virtual reality (VR) can be used as beneficial solutions for dealing with child maltreatment concerns. This study aimed to present a conceptual framework for showing the applications of these technologies in managing child abuse. The framework is developed in two stages: (1) a scoping review to gather digital games and VR applications for child abuse issues through the search in PubMed, Ovid (APA PsycInfo), Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and grey literature and (2) developing a conceptual framework based on the review results and validating it by 12 experts. The proposed conceptual framework shows that digital games and VR have been used for six main topics: (1) medical education, (2) prevention, (3) screening, (4) diagnosis, (5) treatment, and (6) forensic medicine in response to child abuse issues. Studies have more focused on child sexual abuse prevention, behavioral monitoring of sexual offenders in forensic medicine, and knowledge or performance assessment of students in medical education. Serious games (SGs), computer simulation, and immersive VR were common technologies for children, students, and forensic medicine, respectively. The experts believe the combination of immersive features of VR with SGs can further encourage user engagement. It appears that digital games and VR can play a positive role in child abuse management. Given the extensive capabilities of these technologies, further studies are needed to show all their potential applications for child abuse problems.
Maternal satisfaction and associated factors towards institutional delivery service at public hospitals in the Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Zemenu , Mahad Abdirahman , Haile Semehal
Published: November 2022

Background

Client satisfaction reflects the gap between the expected service and the experience of the service, from the client’s point of view. Maternal satisfaction with delivery services affects the selection of birthplaces and helps to identify gaps between actual health care and desired health care outcomes. There is a dearth of evidence on the factors of client satisfaction towards delivery services in the Somali region.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess maternal satisfaction and associated factors towards institutional delivery service at public hospitals in the Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia, in 2018.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 1–30, 2018, on a total of 320 delivering mothers who gave birth. A systematic random sampling technique was used. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection through a face-to-face interview. The data was checked for completeness and entered into EpiData. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version.20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors. Multivariable analysis was done to compute adjusted odds ratios at 95% CI and a P-value <0.05 was used to declare a statistically significant association.

Results

The overall maternal satisfaction towards delivery service was 76.60% (95%CI: 71.90, 80.90). The short duration of labor below 12 hours (AOR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.01, 3.2), waiting time below 15 minutes (AOR = 2.78, 95%CI: 1.10, 6.99) and planned pregnancy (AOR = 3.68, 95%CI: 1.59, 8.47) were significantly associated with mother’s satisfaction towards delivery services.

Conclusions

This study revealed that more than three-quarters of mothers were satisfied with the institutional delivery service. Longer waiting time, suffering from persistent labor and having unplanned pregnancies hindering factors for maternal satisfaction. Therefore, programs on education and counseling towards pregnancy planning should be strengthened. Efforts should be made on availing adequate skilled birth attendants to manage persistent labor and handle longer waiting times.
Child- and family-specific communication skills trainings for healthcare professionals caring for families with parental cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Frerichs Wiebke , Geertz Wiebke , Johannsen Lene Marie , Inhestern Laura , Bergelt Corinna
Published: November 2022

Introduction

As part of high-quality cancer care, healthcare professionals (HCPs) play a significant role in identifying and addressing specific needs of cancer patients parenting minor children. However, HCPs experience various barriers to adequately support parents with cancer. This systematic review explores current CSTs incorporating child- and family- specific modules for HCPs in oncology. Moreover, outcome measures and effectiveness of trainings are systematically investigated.

Methods

The systematic review was registered within PROSPERO (registration code: CRD42020139783). Systematic searches were performed in four databases (PubMed, Cinahl, PsycInfo, Web of Science) in 12/2020, including an update in 12/2021 and 08/2022. Quantitative, primary studies fulfilling the pre-defined inclusion criteria were included. Due to the expected heterogeneity a meta-analysis was not conducted. Study selection and quality assessment were conducted by two independent researchers, data extraction by one. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for pre-post studies without control group.

Results

Nine studies were included in this review following an experimental pre-post design only. Two CSTs were specifically designed to improve communication with cancer patients parenting minor children, the remaining seven incorporated a brief family module only. Seven programs were face-to-face trainings, one an e-learning and one a webinar. Eight studies found at least one statistically significant improvement in communication after training. However, quality of most studies was fair.

Conclusion

This is the first review exploring specific CSTs for HCPs caring for cancer patients parenting minor children. As only two CSTs focused on parental cancer, evidence on the effectiveness of such CSTs is limited. Existing CSTs should be evaluated properly and include details on content of family modules. Further studies including and evaluating specific CSTs focusing on parental cancer are needed in order to strengthen HCPs’ competencies to meet specific needs of patients parenting minor children.
Having allies—Experiences of support in people with stress-related exhaustion: A qualitative study
Authors: Alsén Sara , Ali Lilas , Ekman Inger , Fors Andreas
Published: November 2022

Background

The number of people seeking care for symptoms of exhaustion and stress is a major concern in several countries. The condition is a challenging and life-changing experience, and a deeper understanding of support to help people on sick leave due to stress-related exhaustion in their early stages is needed to facilitate recovery.

Objective

The aim was to explore experiences of support in people with stress-related exhaustion being on sick-leave less than six months.

Method

A qualitative interview study was conducted with 12 participants (7 women and 5 men; aged 25–46 years) who were on sick leave that had not exceeded six months due to stress-related exhaustion. The participants were recruited from public healthcare centres in the western part of Sweden, and the intention was to reach them early in their ongoing sick leave period. The interviews were performed face-to-face and analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutical approach.

Results

The findings show that people affected by stress-related exhaustion struggle to maintain their dignity and define support in terms of allies who acknowledge their personhood and provide them helpful guidance. Participants expressed their needs to be taken seriously by professionals, family, and friends willing to engage in their situation. Lack of empathy and professional knowledge in the clinical encounter induced additional stress.

Conclusions

This study indicates that people affected by stress-related exhaustion need allies from their surrounding networks in their struggle to maintain their dignity. Our findings highlight that it is essential to acknowledge them as persons and establish an alliance to provide appropriate support based on each person’s specific situation, needs and resources. This approach can be facilitated in a partnership, as emphasized in person-centred care (PCC). PCC emphasizes the co-creation of care in partnership between the patient (often with relatives) and health care professionals which may imply a more collaborative view of health care in which patients are engaged as active partners in planning their care.
A cross-sectional study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological outcomes: Multiple indicators and multiple causes modeling
Authors: Aljaberi Musheer A. , Alareqe Naser A. , Alsalahi Abdulsamad , Qasem Mousa A. , Noman Sarah , Uzir Md. Uzir Hossain , Mohammed Lubna Ali , Fares Zine.El.Abiddine , Lin Chung-Ying , Abdallah Atiyeh M. , Hamat Rukman Awang , Mohd Rani Mohd Dzulkhairi
Published: November 2022

Although the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been evaluated in the literature, further research is needed, particularly on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological outcomes, is needed. This study aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological outcomes (depression, anxiety, and insomnia). A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted using the following instruments: Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation model (SEM), multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling, and differential item functioning (DIF) were performed to analyze the collected data. According to the results, participants with PTSD (n = 360) showed a higher level of depression, anxiety, and insomnia than those without PTSD (n = 639). Among the participants, 36.5% experienced moderate to severe symptoms of depression, and 32.6% had mild depressive symptoms. Moreover, 23.7% of participants experienced moderate to severe anxiety symptoms, and 33.1% had mild anxiety symptoms. In addition, 51.5% of participants experienced symptoms of insomnia. In conclusion, the PTSD caused by COVID-19 is significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia at the level of latent constructs and observed variables.
Rapid rise in urban sprawl: Global hotspots and trends since 1990
Authors: Behnisch Martin , Krüger Tobias , Jaeger Jochen A. G.
Published: November 2022

Dispersed low-density development–“urban sprawl”–has many detrimental environmental, economic, and social consequences. Sprawl leads to higher greenhouse-gas emissions and poses an increasing threat to the long-term availability of many vital ecosystem services. Therefore, urban sprawl is in stark contradiction to the principles of sustainable land use and to the need for a sustainability transformation. This study presents the degree of urban sprawl on the planet at multiple spatial scales (continents, UN regions, countries, subnational units, and a regular grid) for the period 1990–2014. Urban sprawl increased by 95% in 24 years, almost 4% per year, with built-up areas growing by almost 28 km2 per day, or 1.16 km2 per hour. The results demonstrate that Europe has been the most sprawled and also the most rapidly sprawling continent, by 51% since 1990. At the scale of UN regions, the highest relative increases in urban sprawl were observed in East Asia, Western Africa, and Southeast Asia. Urban sprawl per capita has been highest in Oceania and North America, exhibiting a minor decline since 1990, while it has been increasing rapidly in Europe, by almost 47% since 1990. The study revealed a strong relationship between urban sprawl and the level of human development as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). The results suggest that it will be important for a more sustainable future to find a better balance between a high quality of life and using land more sparingly. There is an urgent need to stop urban sprawl, since current regulations and measures in developed countries are apparently not effective at limiting it. Monitoring urban sprawl can serve to guide policy development such as the implementation of targets and limits and to evaluate the effectiveness of urban growth management strategies at mitigating urban sprawl.
Aflatoxin Detection in Marketed Cowpea Samples in Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
Authors: Etaware Peter
Published: November 2022

Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all cowpea samples analyzed in this study. Samples collected from Oja-Oba market were found to contain the highest amount Aflatoxins.Cowpea is an essential crop with multipurpose usage among the locals of Nigeria, which made the country famous (1st) in both production and consumption. However, most seeds (cowpea seeds inclusive) are highly susceptible to microbial contamination under poor storage conditions (Etaware and Etaware, 2019). Aflatoxins were reportedly detected in the kidney of 58% of deceased children caused by kwashiorkor at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife (Ogungbemile et al., 2020).The laboratory analysis conducted showed that Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the cowpea samples collected from Sasa, Bodija and Oja-Oba markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Estimating somatic mutation rates by bottlenecked duplex sequencing in non-model organisms: Daphnia magna as a case study
Authors: Sobel Eli , E. Coate Jeremy , Schaack Sarah
Published: November 2022

Somatic mutations are evolutionarily important as determinants of individual organismal fitness, as well as being a focus of clinical research on age-related disease, such as cancer. Identifying somatic mutations and quantifying mutation rates, however, is extremely challenging and genome-wide somatic mutation rates have only been reported for a few model organisms. Here, we describe the application of Duplex Sequencing on bottlenecked WGS libraries to quantify somatic nuclear genome-wide base substitution rates in Daphnia magna. Daphnia, historically an ecological model system, has more recently been the focus of mutation studies, in part because of its high germline mutation rates. Using our protocol and pipeline, we estimate a somatic mutation rate of 5.6 × 10-7 substitutions per site (in a genotype where the germline rate is 3.60 × 10-9 substitutions per site per generation). To obtain this estimate, we tested multiple dilution levels to maximize sequencing efficiency and developed bioinformatic filters needed to minimize false positives when a high-quality reference genome is not available. In addition to laying the groundwork for estimating genotypic variation in rates of somatic mutations within D. magna, we provide a framework for quantifying somatic mutations in other non-model systems, and also highlight recent innovations to single molecule sequencing that will help to further refine such estimates.
Orders of Protection
Authors: Gillespie Kelly
Published: November 2022

The feminist adage “the personal is political” is not ahistorical. It is being operationalized in a time when the relationship between the private and the public is undergoing historic transformation. Making privatized violence public under current conditions often involves channeling the most authoritarian tendencies of the state into relationships made increasingly desperate by the conditions of contemporary capitalism. The ethnographic focus of the essay is the work of a feminist organization operating in the context of Lavender Hill in Cape Town, a neighborhood created by apartheid forced removals and made more precarious by post-apartheid abandonment. The essay focuses on an explosion in the use of protection orders to compel police to intervene in the intimate relationships of households and neighbors, and offers an extended explanation of how and why feminism provides an exemplary case of reactionary politics for our times. The essay ends with a plea to draw on a different trajectory of feminism as a way of reconstituting a transformative political agenda, one that must take the historical transformations of racial capitalism seriously.