bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and Development of Powder Brazing Filler Metals for Diamond Tools: A Review
Authors: Long Fei , He Peng , Sekulic Dusan P.
Published: May 2018

Powder brazing filler metals (PBFMs) feature a number of comparative advantages. Among others, these include a low energy consumption, an accurate dosage, a good brazeability, a short production time, and a high production efficiency. These filler metals have been used in the aerospace, automobile, and electric appliances industries. The PBFMs are especially suitable for diamond tools bonding, which involves complex workpiece shapes and requires accurate dosage. The recent research of PBFMs for diamond tools is reviewed in this paper. The current applications are discussed. The CuSnTi and Ni-Cr-based PBFMs have been the two commonly used monolayer PBFMs. Thus, the bonding mechanism at the interface between both the monolayer PBFMs and a diamond tool are summarized first. The ways to improve the performance of the monolayer PBFMs for diamond tools are analyzed. Next, a research of PBFMs for impregnated diamond tools is reviewed. The technical problems that urgently need solutions are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities involved with the PBFMs for diamond tools research and development are summarized, and corresponding prospects are suggested.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thixowelded AISI D2 Tool Steel
Authors: Mohammed M. N. , Omar M. Z. , Al-Zubaidi Salah , Alhawari K. S. , Abdelgnei M. A.
Published: May 2018

Rigid perpetual joining of materials is one of the main demands in most of the manufacturing and assembling industries. AISI D2 cold work tool steels is commonly known as non-weldable metal that a high quality joint of this kind of material can be hardly achieved and almost impossible by conventional welding. In this study, a novel thixowelding technology was proposed for joining of AISI D2 tool steel. The effect of joining temperature, holding time and post-weld heat treatment on microstructural features and mechanical properties were also investigated. Acceptable joints without defect were achieved through the welding temperature of 1300 °C, while the welding at lower temperature resulted in a series of cracks across the entire joint that led to spontaneous fracture after joining. Tensile test results showed that maximum joint tensile strength of 271 MPa was achieved at 1300 °C and 10 min holding time, which was 35% of that of D2 base metal. Meanwhile, tensile strength of the joined parts after heat treatment showed a significant improvement over the non-heat treated condition with 560 MPa, i.e., about 70% of that of the strength value of the D2 base metal. This improvement in the tensile strength attributed to the dissolution of some amounts of eutectic chromium carbides and changes in the microstructure of the matrix. The joints are fractured at the diffusion zone, and the fracture exhibits a typical brittle characteristic. The present study successfully confirmed that by avoiding dendritic microstructure, as often resulted from the fusion welding, high joining quality components obtained in the semi-solid state. These results can be obtained without complex or additional apparatuses that are used in traditional joining process.
Chromatogram-Bioactivity Correlation-Based Discovery and Identification of Three Bioactive Compounds Affecting Endothelial Function in Ginkgo Biloba Extract
Authors: Liu Hong , Tan Li-ping , Huang Xin , Liao Yi-qiu , Zhang Wei-jian , Li Pei-bo , Wang Yong-gang , Peng Wei , Wu Zhong , Su Wei-wei , Yao Hong-liang
Published: May 2018

Discovery and identification of three bioactive compounds affecting endothelial function in Ginkgo biloba Extract (GBE) based on chromatogram-bioactivity correlation analysis. Three portions were separated from GBE via D101 macroporous resin and then re-combined to prepare nine GBE samples. 21 compounds in GBE samples were identified through UFLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Correlation analysis between compounds differences and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in vivo in nine GBE samples was conducted. The analysis results indicated that three bioactive compounds had close relevance to ET-1: Kaempferol-3-O-α-l-glucoside, 3-O-{2-O-{6-O-[P-OH-trans-cinnamoyl]-β-d-glucosyl}-α-rhamnosyl} Quercetin isomers, and 3-O-{2-O-{6-O-[P-OH-trans-cinnamoyl]-β-d-glucosyl}-α-rhamnosyl} Kaempferide. The discovery of bioactive compounds could provide references for the quality control and novel pharmaceuticals development of GRE. The present work proposes a feasible chromatogram-bioactivity correlation based approach to discover the compounds and define their bioactivities for the complex multi-component systems.
β-Asarone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Human Glioma U251 Cells via Suppression of HnRNP A2/B1-Mediated Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Li Li , Yang Yi , Wu Mingxia , Yu Zanyang , Wang Chengqiang , Dou Guojun , He Hui , Wang Hongmei , Yang Na , Qi Hongyi , Xu Xiaoyu
Published: May 2018

HnRNP A2/B1 has been found to be an oncogenic protein strongly related to the growth of human glioma cells. Herein, β-asarone, the main component in the volatile oil of Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma, inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation ability of U251 cells. Moreover, β-asarone induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Notably, β-asarone suppressed the expression of hnRNP A2/B1 and hnRNPA2/B1 overexpression remarkably reversed β-asarone-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, β-asarone promoted the alternative splicing of Bcl-x by enhancing the ratio of Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL. Meanwhile, hnRNPA2/B1 overexpression mitigated the promoting effect of β-asarone on the alternative splicing of Bcl-x. β-asarone also regulated the level of the key proteins involved in the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Additionally, β-asarone modulated the cell cycle-related proteins p21, p27, Cdc25A, cyclin D, cyclin E, and CDK2. Finally, β-asarone inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in nude mice bearing U251 tumor xenografts. β-asarone also suppressed the hnRNP A2/B1 expression, enhanced the expression of cleaved-caspase 3 and p27 and the ratio of Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL, and reduced the expression of CDK2 in U251 xenografts. Together, β-asarone-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of U251 cells may be related to the suppression of hnRNPA2/B1-mediated signaling pathway.
Xiaoyaosan Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mice through Regulating Apelin-APJ System in Hypothalamus
Authors: Yan Zhiyi , Jiao Haiyan , Ding Xiufang , Ma Qingyu , Li Xiaojuan , Pan Qiuxia , Wang Tingye , Hou Yajing , Jiang Youming , Liu Yueyun , Chen Jiaxu
Published: May 2018

Background: The apelin-APJ system has been considered to play a crucial role in HPA axis function, and how the traditional Chinese compound prescription Xiaoyaosan regulates the apelin-APJ system as a supplement to treat depressive disorders. Objective: To investigate the depression-like behaviors and expression of apelin and APJ in hypothalamus of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice and study whether these changes related to the regulation of Xiaoyaosan. Methods: 60 adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups, including control group, CUMS group, Xiaoyaosan treatment group and fluoxetine treatment group. Mice in the control group and CUMS group received 0.5 mL physiological saline once a day by intragastric administration. Mice in two treatment groups received Xiaoyaosan (0.25 g/kg/d) and fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg/d), respectively. After 21 days of modeling with CUMS, the expression of apelin and APJ in hypothalamus were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The physical condition, body weight, food intake and behavior tests such as open field test, sucrose preference test and force swimming test were measured to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. Results: In this study, significant behavioral changes were found in CUMS-induced mice, meanwhile the expressions of apelin and APJ in the hypothalamus were changed after modeling. The body weight, food-intake and depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-induced mice could be improved by Xiaoyaosan treatment which is similar with the efficacy of fluoxetine, while the expressions of apelin and APJ in hypothalamus were modified by Xiaoyaosan. Conclusions: The data suggest that apelin-APJ system changes in the hypothalamus may be a target of depressive disorders, and the beneficial effects of Chinese compound prescription Xiaoyaosan on depressive-like behaviors may be mediated by the apelin-APJ system.
Two New Steroidal Monoglycosides, Anthenosides A1 and A2, and Revision of the Structure of Known Anthenoside A with Unusual Monosaccharide Residue from the Starfish Anthenea aspera
Authors: Malyarenko Timofey V. , Ivanchina Natalia V. , Malyarenko Olesya S. , Kalinovsky Anatoly I. , Dmitrenok Pavel S. , Evtushenko Evgeny V. , Minh Chau Van , Kicha Alla A.
Published: May 2018

Two new polyhydroxysteroidal glycosides, anthenosides A1 (1) and A2 (2), and one previously known steroidal glycoside anthenoside A (3) were isolated from extract of the tropical starfish Anthenea aspera. Structures of 1–3 were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data as well as chemical transformations. As a result, the structure of anthenoside A has been revised and the structures of 1 and 2 were established. Glycosides 1–3 contain a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-methyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl residue, found in the starfish steroidal glycosides for the first time. All the isolated compounds slightly inhibited cell viability of human cancer T-47D cells and did not show cytotoxic effects against RPMI-7951 cells. Glycoside 1 slightly inhibited colony formation of human cancer RPMI-7951 cells by 16% while compound 2 decreased the number of colonies of T-47D cells by 40%.
Improvement of Adhesion Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Sol-Gel Coating on Zinc
Authors: Savignac Pauline , Menu Marie-Joëlle , Gressier Marie , Denat Bastien , Khadir Yacine El , Manov Stephan , Ansart Florence
Published: May 2018

Corrosion is a major problem for durability of many metals and alloys. Among the efficient classical surface treatments, chromate-based treatments must be banished from industrial use due to their toxicity. At the same time, sol-gel routes have demonstrated high potential to develop an efficient barrier effect against aggressive environments. By this process, the anti-corrosion property can be also associated to others in the case of the development of multi-functional hybrid coatings. In this paper, the main goal is precisely to improve both the corrosion resistance and the adhesion properties of phosphated zinc substrates by the deposition of a hybrid (organic-inorganic) sol-gel layer. To reach this double objective, a choice between two formulations 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS)/aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide (ASB) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (MAP)/tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was firstly made based on the results obtained by microstructural characterizations using SEM, optical analysis, and mechanical characterization such as shock and/or scratch tests (coupled to climatic chamber and salt spray exposure). Several investigations were performed in this study, and the best formulation and performances of the system were obtained by adding a new precursor (1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ureido-UPS) under controlled conditions, as detailed in this paper.
Vegetable Tannins Used in the Manufacture of Historic Leathers
Authors: Falcão Lina , Araújo Maria
Published: May 2018

In this review, a brief description of how animal skins were transformed in leathers in Europe using different vegetable tannins will be presented. Special attention will be dedicated to the description of the type of tannins and the characteristics of the most important type of historic leathers thus obtained. The text will also focus on the description of the techniques used in the identification of these tannins in historic objects: colorimetric tests and spectroscopic analysis.
Engineering a 3D-Bioprinted Model of Human Heart Valve Disease Using Nanoindentation-Based Biomechanics
Authors: Van der Valk Dewy C. , Van der Ven Casper F. T. , Blaser Mark C. , Grolman Joshua M. , Wu Pin-Jou , Fenton Owen S. , Lee Lang H. , Tibbitt Mark W. , Andresen Jason L. , Wen Jennifer R. , Ha Anna H. , Buffolo Fabrizio , Van Mil Alain , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , Body Simon C. , Mooney David J. , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Aikawa Masanori , Hjortnaes Jesper , Langer Robert , Aikawa Elena
Published: May 2018

In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), microcalcifications originating from nanoscale calcifying vesicles disrupt the aortic valve (AV) leaflets, which consist of three (biomechanically) distinct layers: the fibrosa, spongiosa, and ventricularis. CAVD has no pharmacotherapy and lacks in vitro models as a result of complex valvular biomechanical features surrounding resident mechanosensitive valvular interstitial cells (VICs). We measured layer-specific mechanical properties of the human AV and engineered a three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted CAVD model that recapitulates leaflet layer biomechanics for the first time. Human AV leaflet layers were separated by microdissection, and nanoindentation determined layer-specific Young’s moduli. Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogels were tuned to duplicate layer-specific mechanical characteristics, followed by 3D-printing with encapsulated human VICs. Hydrogels were exposed to osteogenic media (OM) to induce microcalcification, and VIC pathogenesis was assessed by near infrared or immunofluorescence microscopy. Median Young’s moduli of the AV layers were 37.1, 15.4, and 26.9 kPa (fibrosa/spongiosa/ventricularis, respectively). The fibrosa and spongiosa Young’s moduli matched the 3D 5% GelMa/1% HAMA UV-crosslinked hydrogels. OM stimulation of VIC-laden bioprinted hydrogels induced microcalcification without apoptosis. We report the first layer-specific measurements of human AV moduli and a novel 3D-bioprinted CAVD model that potentiates microcalcification by mimicking the native AV mechanical environment. This work sheds light on valvular mechanobiology and could facilitate high-throughput drug-screening in CAVD.
Undetachable Concepts in Non-Human Animals
Authors: Danón Laura
Published: May 2018

In this paper, I would like to explore the idea that some non-human animals may be incapable of detaching or separating some of their concepts both from other concepts and from the larger thought contents that they are part of. This, in turn, will make it impossible for them to recombine these undetachable concepts with others in every admissible way. I will begin by distinguishing three different ways in which one concept may be undetachable from others, and I will show how each of them leads to specific restrictions in the kinds of conceptual re-combinations that they admit. Finally, I will try to provide some theoretical reasons, as well as some empirical evidence, to give at least initial support to the hypothesis that some non-human animals actually suffer from the limitations previously identified.
Keep Them Engaged: Romanian County Inspectorates for Emergency Situations’ Facebook Usage for Disaster Risk Communication and Beyond
Authors: Meltzer Monika , Ștefănescu Lucrina , Ozunu Alexandru
Published: May 2018

Nowadays, the use of social media by public institutions involved in disaster management is starting to become common practice. However, despite scientific interest in the effect of social media on disaster risk and crisis communication, data exploring emergency management agencies’ round-the-clock Facebook usage and the impact of their content and media choices on stakeholder engagement is limited. This study set out to investigate Romanian local emergency agencies’ Facebook usage patterns and stakeholders’ engagement with their content. The data is comprised of 7810 messages posted between the 1st January and 25th October 2017 by 32 County Inspectorates for Emergency Situations. First, using content analysis techniques, the topics of the posts were summarized to illustrate how these agencies use Facebook. Second, stakeholder engagement was investigated using social media marketing techniques. Third, messages related to natural hazards were analyzed in greater depth to reveal disaster risk communication patterns. The results suggest that Romanian emergency agencies mainly promote transparency and their institutional image on Facebook. Stakeholders were most likely to engage with brand-oriented posts, especially if these also offered rich multimedia feature. Meanwhile, stakeholders were less likely to interact with messages about natural hazards, particularly if they incorporated educational content. These observations suggest that, while at the moment Romanian local emergency management agencies take advantage of Facebook to create and maintain relationships with their stakeholders, they bypass opportunities to implement communication strategies for effective disaster risk reduction.
The Association between Ambient Temperature and Acute Diarrhea Incidence in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan
Authors: Chen Chien-Chou , Lin Bo-Cheng , Yap Liwei , Chiang Po-Huang , Chan Ta-Chien
Published: May 2018

While studies have examined the association between weather variables and acute diarrhea in a city, region, or country, less evidence is available on the temperature effect across countries. The objective of this study is to elucidate the nonlinear and lagged association between ambient temperature and acute diarrhea in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan. We collected weekly surveillance statistics on acute diarrhea with the corresponding meteorological data from 12 regions of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan during 2012–2016. Firstly, we fitted the region-specific counts of acute diarrhea in a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) which accounts for the non-linearity and lagged effect of temperature. Secondly, we applied meta-analysis to pool estimates across 12 regions. A total of 5,992,082 acute diarrhea cases were identified. We found that (1) the pooled overall cumulative relationship between the relative risk (RR) of acute diarrhea and temperature was the greatest (RR = 1.216; 95% CI: 1.083, 1.364) at 11 °C; (2) a pooled predictor-specific summary association at lower temperatures (12 °C or 25th percentile) began immediately and vanished after four weeks. Predictions and error analysis for new onsets of acute diarrhea in 2017 were evaluated. An early warning system based on the information of temperature variation was suggested for acute diarrhea control management.
Effect of Revitalisation of Historic Buildings on Retail Shop Values in Urban Renewal: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Jayantha Wadu Mesthrige , Yung Esther Hiu Kwan
Published: May 2018

There often exists a tension between heritage conservation and urban redevelopment. However, heritage places are progressively operated as consumption spots and economic commodification, based on scholarly argument, is a major reason for the existence of a heritage resource. In this study, it is argued that revitalisation of historic edifices in districts undergoing urban renewal enhances the values of nearby commercial properties. This study employed a Hedonic Price Model (HPM) to investigate the existence of any relationship between revitalisation of historic building developments and the value enhancement of nearby retail properties located at the ground floor in the old area of Wanchai in Hong Kong. The model used 2961 real estate transactions obtained from buildings in the neighbourhood of three revitalised historical projects in the studied area, where a number of revitalisation projects have been completed. The results show that the revitalised historical projects have generated considerable value enhancements to the retail shopping properties in the vicinity. The results also revealed that the revitalised historical sites exert a greater impact on the retail property prices than do the newly developed nearby residential projects. The findings indicate that through the value enhancement of neighbourhood properties, the revitalisation of historical sites benefit not only the surrounding property owners but also local governments in the vicinity. The finding therefore supports the arguments utilized to advocate urban revitalisation and the idea that heritage resources exist purposely for economic commodification. Moreover, three case studies of the revitalisation of Chinese tenement buildings also provide a qualitative analysis of their social and economic impacts on the community.
In-Situ Contact Surface Characterization in a MEMS Ohmic Switch under Low Current Switching
Authors: Bull Thomas G. , McBride John W.
Published: May 2018

To develop robust microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switching technology for low voltage direct current (DC) applications (1–12 V) there is a requirement for the investigation of wear caused by hot switching (contact operated while carrying a current load). Previous investigation of contact wear in the ohmic MEMS switch has been limited to either the completion of the contact switching cycles, where the device is destructively opened, or by low switching rates, making lifetime testing impractical. A novel MEMS testing platform is described that is capable of both resolving microscale changes on the contact surface between switching events and sustained high frequency switch cycling, enabling practical lifetime testing. The platform is used to investigate early surface changes in a thin-film Au contact pair on a cycle-by-cycle basis. The contact is closed at forces representative of a practical MEMS contact (<1 mN). The apparatus reveals the microscopic surface change between individual switching events. Hot switched contact wear is dominated by the molten metal bridge (MMB) phenomenon, linked to a characteristic voltage transient at contact opening and the gradual process of contact material transfer; however, during hot switching delamination phenomena are also observed, and associated with a step change in contact voltage and a greater level of surface damage.
Phytohormone Signaling of the Resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, Sharka Disease) Induced by Almond (Prunus dulcis (Miller) Webb) Grafting to Peach (P. persica L. Batsch)
Authors: Dehkordi Azam , Rubio Manuel , Babaeian Nadali , Albacete Alfonso , Martínez-Gómez Pedro
Published: May 2018

Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka) is a limiting factor for peach production, and no natural sources of resistance have been described. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that grafting the almond cultivar “Garrigues” onto the “GF305” peach infected with Dideron-type (PPV-D) isolates progressively reduces disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting “Garrigues” onto “GF305” prior to PPV-D inoculation has been found to completely prevent virus infection, showing that resistance is constitutive and not induced by the virus. To unravel the phytohormone signaling of this mechanism, we analyzed the following phytohormones belonging to the principal hormone classes: the growth-related phytohormones cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ) and the gibberellins GA3 and GA4; and the stress-related phytohormones ethylene acid precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). PPV inoculation produced a significant increase in GA3 and ABA in peach, and these imbalances were related to the presence of chlorosis symptoms. However, grafting “Garrigues” almond onto the PPV-inoculated “GF305” peach produced the opposite effect, reducing GA3 and ABA contents in parallel to the elimination of symptoms. Our results showed the significant implication of SA in this induced resistance in peach with an additional effect on tZ and JA concentrations. This SA-induced resistance based in the decrease in symptoms seems to be different from Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR), which are based in other reactions producing necrosis. Further studies are necessary, however, to validate these results against PPV-D isolates in the more aggressive Marcus-type (PPV-M) isolates.
Immigrant Gods on the Road to Jindō
Authors: Como Michael
Published: May 2018

De récents travaux ont suggéré que les croyances et les pratiques du shintō médiéval sont profondément ancrées, non seulement dans les rites de la cour consacrés aux divinités (jingi), mais également dans les discours bouddhiques de l'époque de Heian relatifs au « jindō » — rites centrés avant tout sur des divinités en mal de salut ou de domestication. Ce chapitre souligne plusieurs virages importants sur la route menant de l'établissement du culte des jingi et de la politique centrée sur le tennō à la fin du septième siècle, à l'émergence du « jindō » comme principe directeur du culte royal vers le milieu de l'époque de Heian. S' appuyant sur l'examen du réseau complexe des interactions qui existaient entre le tennō, les moines et les kami — réseau au sein duquel les relations souvent hostiles entre tennō et kami influençaient non seulement la croissance et la direction des mouvements bouddhiques, mais également l'identité politique et cultuelle encore fluctuante du tennō —, cette étude suggère, à l'encontre des présupposés nationalistes sur la continuité du culte des kami à travers les siècles, l'existence d'une forte effervescence tant dans la nature du culte royal que dans le groupe des divinités qui en formaient le noyau.

Cette effervescence, qui était à la fois le produit et la cause d'un conflit chronique et d'un antagonisme entre tennō et kami, était elle-même intimement liée aux activités de nombreuses lignées d'émigrants venus de la péninsule coréenne, comme les Hata. Ces lignées constituaient les principaux agents de transmission et de propagation des cultures technologique, politique et religieuse du continent. En replaçant le développement des institutions religieuses de la cour dans le contexte formé par les kami immigrants, les souverains terrorisés par ceux-ci, et les prêtres et courtisans du clan Hata, il devient possible de se faire une première idée de la façon dont les réseaux cultuels entrelacés du tennō, des moines et des kami se sont originellement élaborés. Alors que la cour, durant l'époque de Nara et le début de l'époque de Heian, s'efforçait de trouver les moyens de contenir un certain nombre de divinités imprévisibles qui menaçaient le bien-être — voire la vie — des souverains comme des paysans, les conséquences de ces interactions pour les institutions religieuses japonaises se révélèrent à la fois profondes et durables.
Memories of the Divine Age: Shintō Seen Through Jan Assmann's Concepts of Religion
Authors: Scheid Bernhard
Published: May 2018

Le présent article s'efforce de revisiter le problème de la continuité et de la discontinuité dans le shintō (c'est-à-dire : en quoi le shintō actuel se construit sur d'anciennes traditions, et en quoi il en diffère) à la lumière du concept de « mémoire culturelle » tel que l'a développé Jan Assmann. Cette contribution vise à une description très générale : a) des différences subsistant entre le rituel de cour classique et le bouddhisme, et b) de la transition entre le ritualisme de cour classique et le shintō médiéval. La distinction qu'opère Assmann entre « religion primaire » fondée sur le rituel (par exemple, le vieux ritualisme de cour ou « shintō de cour ») et la « religion secondaire » fondée sur des textes canoniques et leur interprétation (par exemple, le bouddhisme) fournit ici le cadre conceptuel pour interpréter les développements internes au shintō médiéval comme une tentative de passer d'une forme de religion à une autre. Le shintō médiéval entreprit ainsi de tenir les textes mythologiques pour les réceptacles d'une vérité cachée à découvrir et pour transmettre au moyen d'une constante exégèse lesdits textes. Les prêtres et intellectuels à l'avant-garde de ce mouvement hésitèrent cependant à promulguer une sotériologie sous la forme d'une religion « secondaire » (ou : « du Livre ») telle que le bouddhisme (et ce même si ce dernier était devenu, à maints égards, un modèle de religion). Le shintō demeura donc à mi-chemin entre une « religion primaire » et une « religion secondaire ». L'une des raisons de cette ambivalence tient à sa réticence à formuler une voie de salut au-delà du « shintō de cour », autrement dit à son incapacité d'outrepasser le charisme inhérent à l'institution impériale. Quoi qu'il en soit, le « shintō » ne devint shintō qu'en s' éloignant d'une modalité « primaire » qu'il fut cependant porté à idéaliser dès les textes théoriques médiévaux.
La place des divinités locales, des bouddhas et du tennō dans le shintō médiéval : en particulier la théorie de Jihen
Authors: Sueki Fumihiko
Published: May 2018

This essay discusses theories of the emperor in medieval Shintō. First in the context of jien's Buddhist theory of the emperor in the Gukanshō, then Kitabatake Chikafusa's Ise Shintō theory of the emperor are taken up. The case of jihen is then contrasted with these views and serves as the main focus of the essay.

Jien accepted the origins of the Imperial lineage from the Age of the Gods, but he believed that the ruler of necessity borrowed from the "hidden" powers of the gods and buddhas in order to protect the country. Kitabatake Chikafusa, in contrast, believed in a direct genealogical link with the gods and held that the purity of the Imperial lineage was the source for Japan's supremacy.

Jihen, like Kitabatake Chikafusa, was from the line of Ise Shintō, but he pointed to a break between the Age of the Gods and the Age of Humans. This break came in three stages. In the first, the hidden and the manifest are clearly separated, while in the second the land and seas are separated and the unfettered power of the gods is lost. In the third stage, impurities are produced. In this way conditions for an idealized Utopia lead to the development the human world filled with impurities. In the midst of such a human world, the emperor is the one who can preserve the virtue of the purity that comes from the gods. The uniqueness of the emperor is not something limited to the borders of Japan, but rather carries with it the meaning of being the center of the world. Jihen's theory of the emperor, along with that of Chikafusa, came to exert influence upon theories of the emperor from the early modern period onward.
La controverse linguistique : une entrée dans l'analyse morpholexicale
Authors: Haas Ghislaine , Maurel Laurence
Published: May 2018

L'article vise à montrer que, quand un certain nombre de conditions sont remplies - un problème clairement identifié à résoudre, l'utilité de lui trouver une solution, une discussion collective s' instaurant en petits groupes, un étayage discret de la part du maitre - les élèves, même ceux qui rencontrent des difficultés d'apprentissage, prennent plaisir à débattre de questions de langue et sont capables, selon une démarche propre et grâce aux interactions, de mettre en œuvre en la matière de véritables procédures d'analyse linguistique.
Favoriser le développement de compétences phonologiques pour tous les élèves en grande section de maternelle
Authors: Goigoux Roland , Cèbe Sylvie , Paour Jean-Louis
Published: May 2018

How to favour the development of phonological skills for ail the pupils in Grande Section (nursery school ; 5 year olds).

Roland Goigoux, IUFM d'Auvergne -PAÉDI, Sylvie Cèbe, IUFM de Lyon -ADÉF et Jean-Louis Paour, université de Provence -PSYCLÉ.

First we remind the ministerial instructions in the fied of phonology teaching in nursery schools ; then we present the devising process and pedagogical and didactic principles of a teaching aid (Phono ) that we have worked out to help the teachers of grande section in their job. Finally, we report the first results of the study on the effects of the use of that teaching aid on the acquirements of pupils in Priority Area Schools.
Mal dit - mieux dit - bien dit - inédit : un point de vue sociolinguistique sur l’évaluation
Authors: Delamotte-Legrand Régine
Published: May 2018

Bad, better, good, novel – A sociolinguistic viewpoint on evaluation,

Régine Delamotte-Legrand, DYALANG, CNRS-université de Rouen This contribution aims to look into the evaluation of speech in society as a whole and in schools more particularly from a sociolinguistic viewpoint. Using a collection of teachers’ discourses, our reflection first resorts to the notion of gap which is emblematic of the vision the school institution displays towards the pupils’ language practices. Then it sets up the practice of evaluation within exchanges between partners and shows the connections between heterogeneous and self evaluation, emphasizing the necessity to take the latter into better account. Finally it raises the question of the metalinguistic nature of evaluation, its verbalization, the way it is learnt as well as its connections with the construction of values. The conclusion puts forward the inclusive concept of glottopolitics which, in sociolinguistics, proposes to provide an interpretative model of the social management of language, in which the school institution fully takes part, especially through its ways of evaluating practices.
Définition, statut et valeurs des dysfonctionnements en didactique
Authors: Reuter Yves
Published: May 2018

Definitionen, Status und Werte der Dysfunktion im Bereich der Didaktik,

Yves Reuter, équipe Théodile (ÉA 1764), université Charles-de-Gaulle, Lille 3 Der Beitrag zielt darauf hin, den Begriff “Dysfuntion” als spezifischen Begriff der Didaktik aufzubauen. Nach einer Analyse der AnstöBe schlägt der Autor eine Definition des Konzepts vor. Dann untersucht er seinen besonderen Status im Rahmen der didaktischen Verfahren : es handelt sich tatsächlich um eine strukturelle Komponente. Davon ausgehend vesucht er zu zeigen, dass der Begriff nicht nur als deskriptive Kategorie und als Maßstab gelten kann, sondern auch einen heuristischen Wert erringen kann, dessen Bedeutung, Wichtigkeit, Funktionsmo den und Ermöglichungsbedingungen er genau erklärt. Er stellt schließlich noch einen potentiellen Wert vor : die Dysfunktion als metadidaktisches Werkzeug. In dieser Perspektive kann sie die epistemologische Untersuchung der spezifidchen Besonderheiten der Didaktik fördern.
Propos sur la lecture de la littérature et la culture. Entre obligation et liberté de choix
Authors: Michulka Dorota
Published: May 2018

On reading literature and culture. Betwixt compulsion and freedom, that is a few words about the Polish language education.

Dorota Michulka, département de méthodologie de l’enseignement de la langue et de la littérature, Institut de philologie polonaise, université de Wrocław (Pologne) Polish schools after the recent reform (the transformation process in education started in 1999), which concerned all levels of education, have undergone numerous revolutionary changes. From among numerous new trends, suggestions and concepts which emerged in the debates over the reformed school, I have chosen a few – as it seems – which are significant for the development of humanistic education. Those concern the following issues : cultural competence and disccusion about identity, topic -betwixt literary classics and polish popular literature and culture, the repertory of set books, the issue of a literary work and its excerpts, the specific method – about the learner-centred teaching and the revised “ high school diploma” (Matura). It appears that this transformation is centred on the autonomous work of the learner, his free choice, the development of his ability conducting a plan to end in an independant way and reporting the results in various forms, his reading and understanding literature and culture in different contexts, which often refer to the contemporary world.
De l’enseignement de la littérature dans le cadre scolaire espagnol à la formation pour l’éducation littéraire
Authors: Mendoza Antonio , Diaz-Plaja Ana
Published: May 2018

Vom Literaturunterricht im spanischen Bildungswesen bis zur Lehrerausbildung zur literarischen Erziehung.

Antonio Mendoza et Ana Díaz-Plaja, département de didactique de la langue et de la littérature, université de Barcelone (Espagne) Die Notwendigkeit, den Status der Literatur umzudenken, ist an sich schon ein deutlicher Indiz des Kontrastes zwischen theoritischer Auffassung des literarischen Studiums und der didaktischen Postulate und der Realität des Lebenslaufs und der Unterrichtstätigkeit. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in zwei Teile. A. Diaz-Plaja macht aufgrund von dem soziologischen und institutionsbezogenen Zusammenhang eine Beschreibung des Literaturunterrichts in Spanien, sie beschreibt die unterrichteten Literaturtypen von weltberühmten und landbekannten klassischen Texten bis zur Kinderliteratur, usw und die didaktischen Verfahren, die dazu gehören, sowie die theoritischen Rahmen und Untersuchungsfelder, worauf die Unterrichtsverfahren beruhen. Der zweite von A. Mendoza durchdachte Teil befasst sich mit einem kritischen Umdenken der traditionnellen Verfahren und führt zum Vorschlag eines neuen Modells literarischer Erziehung. Letzteres beruht auf Orientierungen und Begriffen (Leseaktivität des Lernendens, cognitiven Rezeptionsprozessen, Verständnis und Interpretationsprozessen, Beiträgen und Verbindungen mit anderen Leseerfahrungen) und auf anderen Komponenten (impliziertem Leser, bedeutungsvoller Lektüre, literarischer Fähigkeit, Leserfertigkeit, Intertext, formativem Kanon). Dieses Modell zielt auf eine weite formative Projektion hin, die den Leser zum Kern der literarischen Kommunikation führt und die literarische Erziehung als dynamisches Fach vorstellt und nicht als ein Fach mit statisch-enzyklopädischen Inhalten. Diese Dynamik erfolgt dank der persönlichen Implikation und den Interaktionen des Lesers mit dem Text nach didaktischen Prinzipien, die auf Rezeptionstheorie, Intertextualität und semiotische Annäherungen zurückzuführen sind.
L’écriture de soi et l’école, une relation singulière
Authors: Bishop Marie-France , Penloup Marie-Claude
Published: May 2018

Marie-France Bishop, IUFM du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, THÉODILE.

Writing on oneself in primary school is rather rarely regarded as a specific type of activity. However it shows recurrent features and is in keeping with a history connected with the transformations in the conceptions of the writing activity at school. This article aims to draft out the essential characteristics of a genuine progression during which the actual experience of pupils is more or less called up, depending on the aims of the teaching sessions. Two objectives are alternately chosen : writing in order to learn how to produce texts or writing about oneself. Depending on the choice that is made or on the priorities given to the activity, writing on oneself takes a more or less recognized place.
Journaux intimes de jeunes enfants. Enjeux didactiques d’une analyse de l’écriture de soi hors école
Authors: Penloup Marie-Claude
Published: May 2018

Marie-Claude Penloup, université de Rouen, DYALANG.

Incorrect and clumsy, children’s personal texts are not well known and seem, if you happen to read some, poor and trivial. Yet they offer some material which should, at least, interest acquisitionist linguistics and writing didactics. It is in connection with the latter that reflection develops. Observing personal diaries written by very young children shows that the skill for the written genre is constructed with a slight adult intervention and outside the school context. This observation has some effects on the didactic refl ection and leads, in particular, to set up monitoring sessions to teach the generic writing skills and writing sessions suited to their construction by the children themselves.
Les récits sollicitant le vécu au CM2. Eléments d’analyse et de comparaison
Authors: Reuter Yves
Published: May 2018

Yves Reuter, université Charles-de-Gaule-Lille 3, équipe THÉODILE (ÉA, 1764).

Este artículo se apoya en una investigación orientada a comprender los efectos de la pedagogía «Freinet», tal y como se practica en un grupo escolar situado en REP. En este contexto, con el fi n de analizar la producción textual, se les ha pedido a los alumnos relatos que se apoyen en sus vivencia personales. Estas producciones son estudiadas con una doble perspectiva, evolutiva y comparativa. Además se relacionan con escritos que solicitan la imaginación, con entrevistas y con dispositivos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje llevados a cabo. A través de estos análisis, se trata de precisar las eventuales particularidades de las producciones y la reflexión sobre éstas de los alumnos «Freinet» , y de interrogarse a cerca del estatuto didáctico de estos escritos, y también refl exionar sobre los problemas metodólogicos revelados a través de estas investigaciones.
Gogol' und das Problem der menschlichen Identität
Authors: Larsson Andreas
Published: May 2018

Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Problematik menschlicher Identität in den mittleren Werken Gogol's; den Erzählungen, die später unter dem Sammelbegriff "Petersburger Erzählungen" zusammengefaßt worden sind, sowie in der Komödie "Revizor". Kommentare Gogol's aus späteren Jahren, beispielsweise die "Ausgewählten Stellen aus dem Briefwechsel mit Freunden" sowie Aussagen in Briefen, werden auf diese früheren Erzählungen bezogen, um eine Kontinuität im Seinsverständnis und in gewissem Grade auch in der Intention des Autors Gogol' zu belegen.
EFFECTS OF CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON GDP PER CAPITA AND DOMESTIC INVESTMENT IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES
Authors: ZVEZDANOVIĆ LOBANOVA Jelena , KRAČUN Davorin , KAVKLER Alenka
Published: May 2018

The study investigates the impact of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on GDP per capita and domestic investment in 22 European transition countries from 2000 to 2014 by using the system Generalized Method of Moments estimator. The main implications are that cross-border mergers and acquisitions have a negative effect on GDP per capita in the year of merger or acquisition, while their lagged level shows a positive impact. From long-term perspective, this type of FDI has negative and significant effect on GDP per capita. The results show that one-year lagged cross-border mergers and acquisitions positively affects domestic investment, suggesting that spillover effects of this type of investment can be expected not earlier than one year after the merger or acquisition. The value of this paper is that our results show how the advances in structural reforms enhance GDP per capita whereas their influence on domestic investment activity is insignificant. We found that there is insignificant impact of the relationship between overall structural reforms and cross-border mergers and acquisitions on GDP per capita and domestic investment both in short and long run. The originality of this study lies in investigation of the dynamic nature of cross-border mergers and acquisitions and their economic effects depending on the quality of structural reforms.
MATURITY ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (SCKM) USING FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM
Authors: LAK Behzad , REZAEENOUR Jalal
Published: May 2018

Organizations which provide electronic services do not have a logically structured strategy for implementing Customer Knowledge Management through Social media (SCKM). By assessing the position of SCKM, organizations can have a clear understanding of their maturity level and find their future investment interests. This research examined the maturity assessment of SCKM utilizing a fuzzy expert system. It consisted of a-four-stage procedure. The maturity model is based on 11 critical success factors, including strategy, leadership, information technology, knowledge management, culture, process, resources, business intelligence, security, social customer, and assessment. Results showed that the studied organization has covered 48.2% of maturity on the first level and 51.8% on the second level. Thus, to increase productivity, it is indispensable for organizations to act in a targeted way. The fuzzy expert system is not designed specifically for a case study, but can be utilized as a reference for in-depth analysis of the organizational readiness for SCKM implementation and development within organizations, which provide e-services applications.
Desenvolvimento Regional: uma avaliação da ergonomia e da renda com a conversão do cultivo de morango no solo para semi-hidropônico
Authors: Valenga Fiama , Ribaski Nayara Guetten
Published: May 2018

O morango possui um importante papel econômico e social na região Metropolitana de Curitiba, no Paraná, fazendo com que este pseudofruto seja destaque. Os problemas ergonômicos se destacam perante os vários problemas encontrados no cultivo do morango convencional em solo. O proposto desse trabalho foi avaliar os problemas ergonômicos através da Escala de Borg comparando o cultivo do morangueiro em solo e em estufa.
Em busca de uma gênese para a defesa civil no Brasil
Authors: Santos Alexandre Evangelista , Rocha Isa De Oliveira
Published: May 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as determinações históricas da defesa civil no Brasil, buscando seu sentido desde que surgiu. Considerando que a defesa civil reflete as determinações do Estado Moderno, cada mudança que sofreu representou um momento na sua organização. A leitura da formação do Estado em geral e do Estado brasileiro em especial apresenta muitos elementos de análise que permitem identificar alguns sentidos para esse surgimento como política pública. Ao todo consideramos a possibilidade de pensarmos três momentos dessa organização: defesa civil para defender o território nacional; como solução para as deficiências urbanas em expansão no pós-guerra; e para responder a ameaças globais.
Hydraulic studies and their influence for regional urban planning: a pratical approach to Fynchal’s rivers
Authors: Miranda Dénio Gouveia , Camacho Rafael Freitas , Lousada Sérgio , Castanho Rui Alexandre
Published: May 2018

Fenómenos de cheias em territórios urbanos são uma realidade um pouco por todo o globo. Contudo, quer os processos de planeamento urbanístico, quer os estudos hidráulicos, maioritariamente, não são elaborados, tendo em consideração, a multidisciplinaridade e complexidade da temática, resultando em aglomerações urbanas – com tendência à ocorrência desta tipologia de evento – que apresentam lacunas de um correto planeamento urbano articulado, não estando capacitadas para fazer face a este tipo de fenómeno natural. Nesse sentido, a articulação de estudos multivariados, como são o caso do planeamento urbano, e hidráulicos, são vistos como essências para o sucesso territorial sustentado das regiões afetadas por esta tipologia de fenómenos. Assim, através de ferramentas exploratórias e de análise, como disso são exemplo: o cálculo coeficientes de rugosidade em canais de escoamento artificiais, análise de escoamentos superficiais, modelos computorizados, avaliação e análise do design e políticas de ordenamento territorial em áreas urbanas, e a sua aplicação a um caso prático – o caso das ribeiras da cidade do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal – são apenas alguns exemplos de análise que o estudo leva a cabo, desde uma perspetiva multidisciplinar, a fim de definir bases e medidas para poder prevenir e minimizar os impactos negativos de tais eventos, assim como aumentar a segurança das populações residentes.
Regimes de trabalho, controles econômico-financeiros e arenas da copa: o desenvolvimento em discussão
Authors: Catapan Anderson , Oliveira Antonio Gonçalves de
Published: May 2018

Este editorial apresenta os artigos do primeiro número do sétimo volume da Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento (RBPD). Este número trouxe contribuições para o planejamento e desenvolvimento, assim como em números anteriores e já de praxe deste periódico, de professores do Brasil e de diversos outros países.