bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Integrated Nutrient Management and Agronomic Fortification of Zinc on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Quality of Wheat
Authors: Paramesh Venkatesh , Dhar Shiva , Dass Anchal , Kumar Bipin , Kumar Amit , El-Ansary Diaa O. , Elansary Hosam O.
Published: April 2020

Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) are essential plant nutrients, and their deficiency in soils and the antagonistic effect of P on Zn are important concerns world-over. Thus, a two-year (2012–13 to 2013–14) experimentation was carried out to assess grain yield, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of wheat by various levels of P and Zn. The results revealed that 50% recommended dose of P (RDP) through phospho-enriched compost (PEC) + 50% RDP through fertiliser and soil application of 12.5 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha−1 + one foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O recorded significantly higher grain yield (4.81 and 4.61 t ha−1, respectively), straw yield (7.20 and 6.92 t ha−1, respectively) and protein content (11.5% and 11.3%, respectively). The concentrations of Zn in grain (35.6%) and straw (57.3%) were not affected due to organic P application but 100% P through P fertilizer reduced the Zn content in the grains. Both soil and foliar application of Zn were found to be more promising in increasing Zn and Fe concentration in grains (37.5 and 30.9 mg kg−1, respectively) and straw (60.3 and 398 mg kg−1, respectively). Overall, the treatment combination of 50% RDP through PEC + 50% RDP through fertiliser and soil applied 12.5 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha−1 + one spray of 0.5% Zn was beneficial in reducing antagonistic effect of P on Zn and increasing Zn and Fe concentration in wheat grain and, thus, could be used for improving the yield of Zn and Fe enriched wheat grains.
The Effects of Regional House Prices on Consumption in Korea: Heterogeneous Behaviors According to Homeownership Status and Lifecycle Stage
Authors: Son Jong Chil , Park Hail
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the effects of regional house prices on consumption growth, with a focus on heterogeneity across homeownership statuses and lifecycle stages, using household-level panel data in Korea from 2004 to 2017. The empirical estimation results indicate, firstly, that the growth of regional house prices has overall positive effects on consumption growth in the full sample including homeowners and renters. Secondly, house prices have significant and large effects on consumption growth for homeowners, while the effects are sharply reversed for renters, being weakly negative. Thirdly, the sensitivity of homeowners’ consumption in response to house prices differs across different stages of the lifecycle. The consumption sensitivity is greatest in the old age cohort for the sample covering the owners of single and multiple homes. When using a subsample of only single homeowners, however, the young cohort turns out to have the highest sensitivity, implying that young single homeowners face high borrowing constraints and expected income volatility. Finally, renters’ consumption sensitivity in response to house prices becomes more negative over the lifecycle.
Engineering, Durability, and Sustainability Properties Analysis of High-Volume, PCC Ash-Based Concrete
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Lee Taegyu , Jeong Jaewook , Jeong Jaemin
Published: April 2020

This study aims to analyze the engineering properties and durability of binary blended concrete incorporating pulverized coal combustion ash (PCC ash) produced in local areas and assesses the sustainability. For this, tests and evaluations were carried out under conditions in which the unit binder weight and unit water weight were fixed at 330 and 175 kg/m3, respectively, while the replacement ratio of PCC ash increased from 0% to 70% at 10% intervals. The results showed that the replacement ratio of PCC ash should be less than 38.9% in order to secure the target compressive strength (fck = 24 MPa) at the age of 28 days in field application. The durability test found that as the replacement ratio of PCC ash increased, the carbonation depth and relative dynamic elastic modulus increased, while the chloride penetration depth decreased. However, the weight–loss ratio remained similar. It was also found that the optimum PCC ash replacement ratio, which satisfies four durability parameters and can ensure the target compressive strength (fck = 24 MPa) in the case of mix proportion conditions set in this study, ranges from 20.0% to 38.9%. The sustainability assessment results showed that as the replacement ratio of PCC ash increased, the global warming potential (GWP), ozone layer depletion potential (ODP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) and abiotic depletion potential (ADP) decreased. Therefore, it was proven that the replacement of PCC ash instead of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) under the same concrete mix proportions is effective at reducing environmental impacts.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Drought and Their Teleconnections with Large-Scale Climate Indices over the Poyang Lake Basin, China
Authors: Liu Weilin , Zhu Shengnan , Huang Yipeng , Wan Yifan , Wu Bin , Liu Lina
Published: April 2020

The intensity and frequency of droughts in Poyang Lake Basin have been increasing due to global warming. To properly manage water resources and mitigate drought disasters, it is important to understand the long-term characteristics of drought and its possible link with large-scale climate indices. Based on the monthly meteorological data of 41 meteorological stations in Poyang Lake Basin from 1958 to 2017, the spatiotemporal variations of drought were investigated using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) methods and the modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) trend test were used to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and trends of drought. Furthermore, to reveal possible links between drought variations and large-scale climate indices in Poyang Lake Basin, the relationships between SPEI and large-scale climate indices, such as North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) were examined using cross-wavelet transform. The results showed that the SPEI in Poyang Lake Basin exhibited relatively stable quasi-periodic oscillation, with approximate quasi-3-year and quasi-6-year periods at the inter-annual scale and quasi-15-year and quasi-30-year periods at the inter-decadal scale from 1958 to 2017. Moreover, the Poyang Lake Basin experienced an insignificantly wetter trend as a whole at the annual and seasonal scales during the period of 1958–2017, except for spring, which had a drought trend. The special characteristics of the trend variations were markedly different in the basin. The areas in which drought was most likely to occur were mainly located in the Poyang Lake region, northwest and south of the basin, respectively. Furthermore, relationships between the drought and six climate indices showed that the drought exhibited a significant temporal correlation with five climate indices at restricted intervals, except for IOD. The dominant influences of the large-scale climate indices on the drought evolutions shifted in the Poyang Lake Basin during 1958–2017, from the NAO, Niño 3.4, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) before the late 1960s and early 1970s, to the AO and PDO during the 1980s, then to the NAO, AO and SOI after the early 2000s. The NAO, AO and SOI exerted a significant influence on the drought events in the basin. The results of this study will benefit regional water resource management, agriculture production, and ecosystem protection in the Poyang Lake Basin.
Unpacking Ecological Stress from Economic Activities for Sustainability and Resource Optimization in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Imasiku Katundu , Thomas Valerie M. , Ntagwirumugara Etienne
Published: April 2020

Most sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations are governed by traditional economic models of using varied varieties of capital (including human), technological and natural approaches to supply goods and services. This has undoubtedly led to annual economic growth of about 3.2% in several African nations and higher per capita income as some of the major benefits, which have improved the standards of living and social wellbeing but conjointly have led to environmental degradation. In response to the environmental degradation problem, while benchmarking against international policies, this article evaluates approaches to economic development, environmental management, and energy production in the context of climate change. Case studies consider the mine-dependent nations of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the agriculture-dependent nation of Rwanda. In Zambia and DRC, energy efficiency in the mining and metals industries could increase the electrification rate in Zambia and DRC by up to 50%. Additional industrial utilization of solar or wind energy is key to a stable energy supply, economic development and environmental protection. In Rwanda, population growth and land constraints point to economic growth and agricultural improvements as the key to sustainability and sustainable development. These case studies emphasize resource optimization, energy efficiency, renewable energy deployment, strategies to reduce biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, and the improvement of social wellbeing for both present and future generations to achieve an ecologically enhanced sub-Saharan Africa.
The Capital Budgeting of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Bosch-Badia Maria-Teresa , Montllor-Serrats Joan , Tarrazon-Rodon Maria-Antonia
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on the evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) investment projects from the perspective of the triple bottom line. One of the most relevant roles of CSR is the mitigation of the negative externalities generated by corporate investments, which often requires undertaking specific investment projects that fall in the scope of CSR. The main goal of these CSR projects is to improve corporate sustainability instead of maximising financial value creation. Thus, they must be evaluated for their impact on the natural, social, and financial capitals, answering these three questions: What is its efficacy for the mitigation of the externalities under consideration? What is its economic efficiency for stakeholders? What is its financial sustainability? The proposed evaluation method interlinks monetary with physical units by generating dimensionless indicators. The paper also presents a metric that unites in a single indicator the effects on the natural, social, and financial capitals. Reliable capital budgeting decisions must fit with corporate strategic planning. Since this principle also holds for CSR, the paper includes a section on the strategic planning of CSR. A numerical illustration and a case study, developed with the aid of text mining techniques, show the applicability of the findings of this paper.
Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture in Relation to Land Use Types and Topographic Features on Hillslopes in the Black Soil (Mollisols) Area of Northeast China
Authors: Guo Xinxin , Fu Qiang , Hang Yanhong , Lu He , Gao Fengjie , Si Jingbo
Published: April 2020

Soil moisture, as a crucial factor in the eco-hydrological process, is of great importance for food production, land management in response to water and soil loss, geomorphic processes, and environmental protection. Understanding the spatial variability of soil moisture induced by different land use types and topographic features is conducive to advancing the adjustment of the land use structure and preventing soil erosion on the hillslopes in the black soil (Mollisols) area of Northeast China. Classical statistical methods and Canonical Correspondence Analysis were used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture at 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm on slopes, to identify the main controlling factors and their relative contributions. The results suggested that: the average soil moisture content followed a decreasing order of grassland > shrubland > soybean land > maize land > adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) land > forestland; the profile soil moisture content (SMC) patterns could be divided into four types, related to the comprehensive influence of vegetation types, root system characteristics, and topographic attributes; the spatial variability of soil moisture was strongly influenced by slope gradient, followed by land use types and elevation and slope position, while slope aspect had the least impact; and finally, land use type had a greater impact on the deep layer than the surface layer, while on the contrary, the influence of the topographic attributes on the deep layer was smaller than on the surface layer. Land use types and topographical elements work together on the soil moisture variability and vertical patterns at differing depths. This study provides an insight into policy making of land resource management and can be used in the modeling of hydrological processes.
Dealing with Water Scarcity and Salinity: Adoption of Water Efficient Technologies and Management Practices by California Avocado Growers
Authors: Reints Julie , Dinar Ariel , Crowley David
Published: April 2020

The irrigated agriculture sector has been facing an increased scarcity of good quality water worldwide. Consequently, the sustainability of water intensive crops, such as avocado, is threatened when water becomes scarce and expensive, or when growers must use saline water supplies that reduce crop yields. A variety of irrigation technologies and water management practices are now recommended to help growers through times of limited water supplies and elevated salinity levels. To examine how growers adopt different practices and combinations of practices, we collected data from a sample of avocado growers in California. We used Kohonen self-organizing maps, and developed logit models to identify the most common bundles of technologies and management practices that growers are using to deal with water scarcity. We test the validity of the proposed bundles and factors affecting their adoption, using primary data obtained from a survey of California avocado growers at the height of the drought during 2012–2013. Results show that farm location, share of income from agricultural production, use of cooperative extension advice, and farmer characteristics, such as age and education, all play important roles in grower adoption of individual and bundled methods to adapt to water scarcity.
Public Transport Quality, Safety, and Perceived Accessibility
Authors: Friman Margareta , Lättman Katrin , Olsson Lars E.
Published: April 2020

Service quality in public transport is proposed as a key determinant of perceived accessibility, the ease to live the life one wants with the help of the transport system, as low service quality may be a barrier for use, decreasing the ease to participate in daily activities. The first aim was to validate the direct relationship between public transport quality and perceived accessibility. Secondly, we analyzed the mediating role of safety perceptions to better explain the link between service quality and perceived accessibility. Public transport travelers (n = 4944) from five northern European cities were surveyed. Results from PLS-SEM modeling show that service quality has a significant and direct relationship with perceived accessibility, especially regarding functionality. An indirect relationship through travel safety perceptions was also observed, highlighting information and comfort as main drivers. High car use, low public transport use, increasing age, and being a woman were also associated with greater perceived accessibility. City comparisons yielded a number of significant differences. Our results contribute to the research literature by highlighting the importance of service quality in public transport for perceptions of accessibility in daily travel. In particular, we argue that functionality is the core attribute to focus on, and that attributes related to travel safety perceptions should be carefully considered when planning for sustainable transport.
Population Estimates from Orbital Data of Medium Spatial Resolution: Applications for a Brazilian Municipality
Authors: Campos Járvis , Rigotti José Irineu Rangel , Baptista Emerson Augusto , Monteiro Antônio Miguel Vieira , Reis Ilka Afonso
Published: April 2020

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the search for more detailed information on population dynamics, given the growing demand for more sustainable economic, social, and environmental planning. The dissemination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has contributed to the development of methodologies for the field of population estimates for small areas. To support more sustainable policies, this study aims to evaluate the capacity and contribution of the orbital images (Landsat ETM+) for the production of post-census population estimates for the municipality of Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Firstly, models were built using the average of the reflectance of the spectral bands of the Landsat 7 ETM+ for each special intra-municipal unit, called the census sector, as explanatory variables for the population density. Secondly, this study constructed models that use the reflectance and the distributed population at the level of the pixels of the images. All models were tested through internal validation procedures, external validation, and comparative analyses with post-census estimates. Internal validation presented excellent results (below 7%), while in external validation, the method at the level of the pixels presented consistent results, below 1% relative error. These results provide useful clues and can help policymakers in the development of more sustainable and effective public policies, insofar as population estimates are extremely important for the planning of any society.
Vegetation Change and Its Response to Climate Change between 2000 and 2016 in Marshes of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China
Authors: Wang Yanji , Shen Xiangjin , Jiang Ming , Lu Xianguo
Published: April 2020

Songnen Plain is a representative semi-arid marshland in China. The Songnen Plain marshes have undergone obvious loss during the past decades. In order to protect and restore wetland vegetation, it is urgent to investigate the vegetation change and its response to climate change in the Songnen Plain marshes. Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climate data, we investigated the spatiotemporal change of vegetation and its relationship with temperature and precipitation in the Songnen Plain marshes. During 2000–2016, the growing season mean NDVI of the Songnen Plain marshes significantly (p < 0.01) increased at a rate of 0.06/decade. For the climate change effects on vegetation, the growing season precipitation had a significant positive effect on the growing season NDVI of marshes. In addition, this study first found asymmetric effects of daytime maximum temperature (Tmax) and nighttime minimum temperature (Tmin) on NDVI of the Songnen Plain marshes: The growing season NDVI correlated negatively with Tmax but positively with Tmin. Considering the global asymmetric warming of Tmax and Tmin, more attention should be paid to these asymmetric effects of Tmax and Tmin on the vegetation of marshes.
Analyzing Research Trends in University Student Experience Based on Topic Modeling
Authors: Hong Seongyoun , Park Taejung , Choi Jaewon
Published: April 2020

This study aims to identify research trends in student experience in higher education through analyzing the topics around which research on university students’ experiences has been conducted. Using the topic modeling technique, the Scopus database for studies published up to 2017 containing the terms “student experience” and either “higher education” or “tertiary education” in their titles, keywords, and abstracts was searched. After excluding overlapping studies, a total of 1211 studies were extracted. The articles were then classified into a total of 21 topics on university student experience, including “Learning with online technologies”, “Practice at the university”, and “Diversity in college”. The results of the current study indicate that it will be possible to offer various programs to support more valuable and better student experience at the university level. Thus, this study elucidates the ways in which research fields regarding student experience have been constructed and the ways in which the main research trends have changed.
Identification of Shift in Sowing and Harvesting Dates of Rice Crop (L. Oryza sativa) through Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of Larkana District
Authors: Oad Vipin Kumar , Dong Xiaohua , Arfan Muhammad , Kumar Vicky , Mohsin Muhammad Salman , Saad Syed , Lü Haishen , Azam Muhammad Imran , Tayyab Muhammad
Published: April 2020

The present study aimed to determine the impact of climate variability on rice crops in terms of sowing and harvesting dates and crop period. The identification of sowing and harvesting dates were spotted by mask identification, variations in land surface temperature (LST) on a temporal scale in the respective months, and a field-level social inquiry. The study was conducted during a time period (1994–2017), in which geo-referenced crop samples, farmer’s perception survey data, Landsat satellite images, and climate data of district Larkana were used. The analysis of satellite imageries revealed that on 20 June 1994, the rice was transplanted on 14.7% of the area of the region while it was only 7.1% of the area in 2017. Similarly, the area under rice crop in the first week of July 1994 was 18.3% compared to 8.15% during the same period in 2017. However, in the first week of October 2017, the rice crop was standing on 46.8% of the area while it was on 34.6% of the area during the year 1994 on the same date. This LST variation depicts a delay in the sowing and harvesting of the rice crop. This changing pattern is further confirmed through mean LST. Mean LST (°C) has been increasing in the sowing period of rice crop from 31.9 °C in June 1994 to 35.8 °C in June 2017, and from 32.8 °C in July 1994 to 36.8 °C in July 2017. Furthermore, the LST decreased during the harvesting period of rice crop from 31 °C in October 1994 to 28.6 °C in October 2017. The present study quantifies a delay of 15–30 days in sowing and harvesting dates of the rice crop in the district due to climate variability.
ACE2: The key Molecule for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Severe and Critical Conditions of COVID-19: Demon or Angel?
Authors: Xiao Li , Sakagami Hiroshi , Miwa Nobuhiko
Published: April 2020

Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 induced disease COVID-19 has spread all over the world. Nearly 20% of the patients have severe or critical conditions. SARS-CoV-2 exploits ACE2 for host cell entry. ACE2 plays an essential role in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. ACE2 also protects organs from inflammatory injuries and regulates intestinal functions. ACE2 can be shed by two proteases, ADAM17 and TMPRSS2. TMPRSS2-cleaved ACE2 allows SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, whereas ADAM17-cleaved ACE2 offers protection to organs. SARS-CoV-2 infection-caused ACE2 dysfunction worsens COVID-19 and could initiate multi-organ failure. Here, we will explain the role of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of severe and critical conditions of COVID-19 and discuss auspicious strategies for controlling the disease.
Mycolicibacterium brumae is a Safe and Non-Toxic Immunomodulatory Agent for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bach-Griera Marc , Campo-Pérez Víctor , Barbosa Sandra , Traserra Sara , Guallar-Garrido Sandra , Moya-Andérico Laura , Herrero-Abadía Paula , Luquin Marina , Rabanal Rosa Maria , Torrents Eduard , Julián Esther
Published: April 2020

Intravesical Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy remains the gold-standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, even though half of the patients develop adverse events to this therapy. On exploring BCG-alternative therapies, Mycolicibacterium brumae, a nontuberculous mycobacterium, has shown outstanding anti-tumor and immunomodulatory capabilities. As no infections due to M. brumae in humans, animals, or plants have been described, the safety and/or toxicity of this mycobacterium have not been previously addressed. In the present study, an analysis was made of M. brumae- and BCG-intravenously-infected severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, M. brumae-intravesically-treated BALB/c mice, and intrahemacoelic-infected-Galleria mellonella larvae. Organs from infected mice and the hemolymph from larvae were processed to count bacterial burden. Blood samples from mice were also taken, and a wide range of hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Finally, histopathological alterations in mouse tissues were evaluated. Our results demonstrate the safety and non-toxic profile of M. brumae. Differences were observed in the biochemical, hematological and histopathological analysis between M. brumae and BCG-infected mice, as well as survival curves rates and colony forming units (CFU) counts in both animal models. M. brumae constitutes a safe therapeutic biological agent, overcoming the safety and toxicity disadvantages presented by BCG in both mice and G. mellonella animal models.
Effect of Oral Administration of 1,3-1,6 β-Glucans in DWV Naturally Infected Newly Emerged Bees (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Felicioli Antonio , Forzan Mario , Sagona Simona , D’Agostino Paola , Baido Diego , Fronte Baldassare , Mazzei Maurizio
Published: April 2020

Honeybee pathogens have an important role in honeybee colony mortality and colony losses; most of them are widely spread and necessitate worldwide solutions to contrast honeybee’s decline. Possible accepted solutions to cope with the spread of honeybee’s pathogens are focused on the study of experimental protocols to enhance the insect’s immune defenses. Honeybee’s artificial diet capable to stimulate the immune system is a promising field of investigation as ascertained by the introduction of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans as a dietary supplement. In this work, by collecting faecal samples of honeybees exposed to different dietary conditions of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans (0.5% and 2% w/w), it has been possible to investigate the Deformed wing virus (DWV) viral load kinetic without harming the insects. Virological data obtained by a one-step TaqMan RT-PCR highlighted the ability of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans to reduce the viral load at the 24th day of rearing. The results indicated that the diet supplemented with 1,3-1,6 β-glucans was associated with a dose-dependent activation of phenoloxidase. The control group showed a higher survival rate than the experimental groups. This research confirmed 1,3-1,6 β-glucans as molecules able to modulate honeybees’ defense pathways, and this is the first report in which the kinetic of DWV infection in honeybee faeces has been monitored by a RT-qPCR.
Reflexiones sobre el uso de las instituciones de microfinanzas como instrumentos de dispersión del crédito público a micronegocios
Authors: Castillo Polanco Luis Alfredo , Sansores Guerrero Edgar Alfonso
Published: April 2020

Actualmente no existe consenso respecto al rol que debe desempeñar el Estado en el mercado crediticio y a si debe intervenir directamente en la asignación de fondos a Instituciones de Microfinanzas (IMF’S). La experiencia mundial presenta países que han

tenido importantes logros en el uso de las IMF’S como dispersoras del crédito permitiendo a la población en condiciones de pobreza acceder a esquemas de financiamiento que les permitirán mejorar su nivel de vida. El presente artículo explora las posibles implicaciones que tiene la intervención del gobierno en el mercado del microcrédito a través del financiamiento a IMF’s: la sostenibilidad de las IMF (cumplimiento y tasas que recuperen los costos de proporcionar el crédito), la eficiencia y fomento a la competencia, el alcance e impacto; así como en la democratización del crédito. Este documento pretende contribuir a la discusión sobre la participación de Estado en el mercado crediticio.
The Engineering Skills Gap: A Golden Opportunity for Changing the Way We Approach Education
Authors: K Radha Narayan Rao , Gulwadi Sadanand
Published: April 2020

Imagine a student painstakingly studying the complete design, structure and functioning of a bicycle. The student further learns why, to be able to ride a bicycle, one needs to work its pedals continuously and, at the same time, maintain its balance. Yet when it comes to learning to ride one, the student realizes that it requires a lot of practice, patience and perseverance. Switch now to how a mechanic in a car-repair shop approaches a complex problem with extraordinary deftness to be able to perceive, understand and resolve it.
Robust Query Processing in Database Systems*
Authors: Haritsa Jayant
Published: April 2020

Database management systems constitute the backbone of today’s information-rich society, providing a congenial environment for handling enterprise data during its entire life cycle of generation, storage, maintenance and processing. The defacto standard user interface to query the information present in the database is SQL (Structured Query Language). An organic USP of SQL is its declarative persona, which enables users to focus solely on query formulation, leaving it to the database system to identify an efficient execution strategy. Paradoxically, however, the declarative constitution of SQL is also its Achilles heel. This is because the execution strategies chosen by the system often turn out, in hindsight, to be highly sub-optimal as compared to the ideal choice. Unfortunately, due to the intrinsic technical complexities and challenges, solutions to this long-standing problem have remained chronically elusive despite intensive study by the database research community over the past five decades.
Understanding Transport Layer Basics – Experiential Learning Series
Authors: Rustagi Ram P. , kumar Viraj
Published: April 2020

The transport layer in a network stack provides end-to-end connectivity to the application layer. In the internet stack, there are two main transport layer implementations in use: TCP (which provides reliable service delivery) and UDP (which does not). Unfortunately, many people misconstrue these characterizations as “TCP provides guaranteed delivery” and “UDP may make errors”. This article attempts to clarify such misconceptions. It also discusses practical aspects of these two protocols (including TCP’s streaming service and UDP’s message-oriented service) and illustrates concepts with simple hands-on exercises.
Pre-Nagssugtoqidian crustal evolution in West Greenland: geology, geochemistry and deformation of supracrustal and granitic rocks north-east of Kangaatsiaq
Authors: Moyen Jean-François , Watt Gordon R.
Published: April 2020

The area north-east of Kangaatsiaq features polyphase grey orthogneisses, supracrustal rocks and Kangaatsiaq granite exposed within a WSW–ENE-trending synform. The supracrustal rocks are comprised of garnet-bearing metapelites, layered amphibolites and layered, likewise grey biotite paragneisses. Their association and geochemical compositions are consistent with a metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary basin (containing both tholeiitic and calc-alkali lavas) and is similar to other Archaean greenstone belts. The Kangaatsiaq granite forms a 15 × 3 km flat, subconcordant body of deformed, pink, porphyritic granite occupying the core of the supracrustal synform, and is demonstrably intrusive into the amphibolites. The granite displays a pronounced linear fabric (L or L > S). The post-granite deformation developed under lower amphibolite facies conditions (400 ± 50°C), and is characterised by a regular, NE–SW-trending subhorizontal lineation and an associated irregular foliation, whose poles define a great circle; together they are indicative of highly constrictional strain. The existence of a pre-granite event is attested by early isoclinal folds and a foliation within the amphibolites that is not present in the granite, and by the fact that the granite cuts earlier structures in the supracrustal rocks. This early event, preserved only in quartz-free lithologies, resulted in high-temperature fabrics being developed under upper amphibolite to granulite facies conditions.
Thin Layer Chromatographic Fingerprint and Chemometrics Analysis for Identification of Phyllanthus niruri from its Related Species
Authors: Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Saharah Meri , Arif Zulhan , Rafi Mohamad
Published: April 2020

Phyllanthus niruri is known as a stone breaker and has some biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunostimulant, etc. There are two other species related to P. niruri namely P. debilis and P. urinaria. The morphology of the three plants is quite similar so that identification and discrimination of the three species are very crucial to avoid adulteration of P. niruri from the two related species for ensuring the quality, efficacy, authenticity, and safety of its herbal medicinal product. This study aims to develop identification and discrimination method of P. niruri based on thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) fingerprint combined with chemometrics analysis. The result showed that P. niruriprovides a different fingerprint profile compare to P. debilis and P. urinaria. P. niruri has two characteristic bands (Rf 0.71 and 0.77) that could be used for discrimination from P. debilis and P. urinaria. To enhance the discrimination of the three species, we used discriminant analysis with peak area from 13 detected peaks as the variable. From the results obtained, the discriminant analysis showed the separation of each species using the first two discriminant function (DF) with variance for DF-1 = 63.34% and DF-2 = 36.66% in DA plots, which explain 100% of total discriminant factor varianceand correct classification rate is 100%. The developed TLC fingerprint combined with discriminant analysis successfully distinguished three closely related species of Phyllanthus.
fcvalid: An R Package for Internal Validation of Probabilistic and Possibilistic Clustering
Authors: CEBECİ Zeynel
Published: April 2020

In exploratory data analysis and machine learning, partitioning clustering is a frequently used unsupervised learning technique for finding the meaningful patterns in numeric datasets. Clustering aims to identify and classify the objects or the cases in datasets in practice. The clustering quality or the performance of a clustering algorithm is generally evaluated by using the internal validity indices. In this study, an R package named 'fcvalid' is introduced for validation of fuzzy and possibilistic clustering results. The package implements a broad collection of the internal indices which have been proposed to validate the results of fuzzy clustering algorithms. Additionally, the options to compute the generalized and extended versions of the fuzzy internal indices for validation of the possibilistic clustering are also included in the package.
Sırt veya Bel Ağrısı Olan ve Olmayan Tıbbi Sekreterlerin Omurga Sagittal Eğrilikleri, Fonksiyonel Durum ve Yaşam Kalitesi Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: BARUT Özge , KOÇAK Fatmanur Aybala , KURT Emine Eda , ŞAŞ Senem , TUNCAY Figen , ERDEM Hatice Rana
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Tıbbi sekreterlerde sırt ve/veya bel ağrısı sık görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sırt veya bel ağrısı olan sekreterler ile olmayan sekreterlerin omurga eğriliği, omurga hareketliliği, disabilite ve yaşam kalitesi düzeylerini karşılaştırmaktır. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya aynı hastanede çalışan 111 tıbbi sekreter dahil edildi. Tıbbi sekreterler sırt ağrısı olan ve olmayan olarak iki gruba; bel ağrısı olan ve olmayan olarak diğer iki gruba ayrıldılar. Omurganın sagittal düzlemdeki şekli ve hareketliliği “Spinal Mouse™” isimli non-invaziv bir alet kullanılarak ölçüldü. Ölçümler ayakta dururken ve oturma pozisyonunda ayrı ayrı tekrarlandı. Ağrı şiddeti Vizüel Analog Skala (VAS) ile; fonksiyonel durum Oswestry Disabilite Ölçeği (ODÖ) ile; yaşam kalitesi ise Notthigham Sağlık Profili (NSP) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen tıbbi sekreterlerin (75 kadın/36 erkek) yaş ortalaması 30.73±5.74 yıl idi. Sırt ağrısı olan 51 sekreterin VAS ortalaması 5.47±2.67; bel ağrısı olan 63 sekreterin VAS ortalaması 5.52±2.66 idi. Sırt ağrısı olan sekreterlerin oturur pozisyonda ve ayakta iken ölçülen torakal kifoz açısı, sırt ağrısı olmayan sekreterlere göre daha yüksekti (p˂0.032, p˂0.001). Her iki grup arasında oturur pozisyonda ve ayakta iken ölçülen torakal vertebra hareketliliği açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. İki grup arasında NSP-total, NSP-enerji, NSP-ağrı, NSP-duygusal reaksiyonlar ve NSP-fiziksel hareketlilik alt grupları arasında anlamlı fark vardı (p˂0.001, p=0.001, p˂0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001). Bel ağrısı olan sekreterlerin ayakta duruşta ölçülen lomber lordoz açısı, bel ağrısı olmayanlara göre daha düşüktü (p˂0.001). Her iki grup arasında oturur pozisyonda iken ölçülen lomber lordoz açısı ile oturur pozisyonda ve ayakta iken ölçülen lomber vertebra hareketliliği açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. İki grup arasında ODÖ, NSP-total, NSP-enerji, NSP-ağrı ve NSP-fiziksel hareketlilik alt grupları arasında anlamlı fark vardı (p˂0.001, p=0.025, p=0.042, p=0.039, p=0.019). Sonuç: Spinal Mouse™ kullanılarak yapılan ölçümlerde omurga hareketliliğinde fark olmamasına rağmen; sırt ağrısı olan sekretelerde torakal omurgada kifoz artışı, bel ağrısı olanlarda da lomber omurgada lordoz azalması olduğu görülmüştür. Sırt ve bel ağrısının varlığı fonksiyonel durumu ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir.
Spontan Solunumu Olan Gönüllülerde Cerrahi Hasta Pozisyonlarının Plet Değişkenlik İndeksi , Perfüzyon İndeksi ve Noninvaziv Sürekli Kardiyak Output Ölçüm Yöntemi Üzerine Olan Etkisi
Authors: KARAHAN Mahmut Alp , ATLAS Ahmet , PEHLİVAN Veli , DURAN Erdoğan , PEHLİVAN Başak , ABAN Melike , BİNİCİ Orhan , ALTAY Nuray
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Cerrahi prosedür için verilen farklı pozisyonlar doku perfüzyonunda ve kardiyak outputta değişikliklere neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada spontan solunuma sahip katılımcılarda plet değişkenlik indeksinin (PVI), perfüzyon indeks (PI) ve noninvaziv sürekli kardiyak output ölçüm yöntemi (EscCO) nin farklı cerrahi pozisyonlardaki değişimlerini araştırmayı amaçladık.Materyal ve Metod: 20 katılımcıdan oluşan bir sağlıklı birey grubu prospektif gözlemsel çalışmaya dahil edildi. Sırasıyla Supin, 30 derece baş yukarı, 45 derece baş yukarı, 20 derece Trendelenburg, 20 derece ters-Trendelenburg, ve pron pozisyonları uygulandı. Her pozisyon arası 10 ar dk olacak şekilde süre tutuldu. Her pozisyon değişikliğinden önce gönüllüler sırtüstü pozisyona alındı ve beş dakika dinlendikten sonra yeni pozisyon verildi. Pozisyon değişiminden sonraki 5. dakika PI, PVI, EscCO, SpO2 değerleri kayıt altına alındı.Bulgular: Katılımcıların farklı pozisyondayken ölçülen PI, PVI ile EscCO değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı.Sonuç: Bu çalışma, PI, PVI ile EscCO nun tüm cerrahi pozisyonlarda herhangi bir değişikliğe uğramadığını ve her üç parametrenin de spontan solunumuna sahip genç sağlıklı bireylerde pozisyondan etkilenmediği ortaya koymuştur.
STUDI KERAGAMAN JENIS DAN POLA AKTIVITAS HARIAN LALAT DI PETERNAKAN SAPI SEMI EKSTENSIF DI KELURAHAN TUATUKA KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR KABUPATEN KUPANG
Authors: Oematan Aven B. , Sakan Gerson Y. I. , Moenek Devi Y. J. A. , Koten Bernadette B. , Lenda Victor
Published: April 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaman jenis, pola aktivitas  lalat dan hubungannya dikaitkan dengan suhu, musim, serta jenis kelamin. Penelitian di peternakan sapi semi ektensif kelurahan tuatuka Kecamatan Kupang Timur, Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sampel  lalat dikoleksi menggunakan New Zealand 1 trap di peternakan sapi. Perangkap dipasang secara random langsung di lokasi padang penggembalaan, sedangkan di kandang, perangkap ditempatkan pada jarak 3-5 meter dari pagar pembatas kandang. Perangkap dipasang pada jarak kurang lebih 10-15 cm di atas permukaan tanah. Pengumpulan  sampel lalat dilakukan dalam interval waktu satu jam sejak pemasangan, yaitu pukul 09;00, 10;00, 11;00, 12;00, 14;00 dan pukul 15;00. Lalat dikumpulkan dan dieuthanasia dengan alkohol 70%, kemudian di identifikasi  menurut spesies dengan kunci identifikasi menurut  Scott et al (1967) dan  Dodge (1967), selanjutnya data  dianalisa secara deskriptif.
Media Digital untuk E-Learning IPS
Authors: Rahmah
Published: April 2020

Media Digital untuk E-Learning IPS
Reparación de una disección de aurícula izquierda. Presentación de un caso.
Authors: Quiroz F. Manuel , Jara C. Minerva , Novajas B. Manuel
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La disección de la aurícula izquierda es una complicación infrecuente pero potencialmente fatal de la cirugía cardíaca. Es frecuentemente asociada a cirugías de la válvula mitral, tanto su reparación el reemplazo, con una incidencia de 0,16%. Sin embargo, otros procedimientos como intervenciones percutaneas también presentan este riesgo.Objetivos: Presentar la resolución quirúrgica de un caso de disección de aurícula izquierda y aportar a la casuística nacional.Materiales y métodos: Registro clínico, imagenológico y fotográfico del episodio clínico.Resultados: Una paciente que fue sometida a ablación por radiofrecuencia por vía retrógrada, y cursa durante el periodo post-intervencional con insuficiencia cardíaca y su estudio identifíca una disección auricular.Se realiza reparación del anillo mitral, plastía del aparato subvalvular y parche de pericardio, la paciente  presenta evolución clínica y ecográfica favorable.Discusión: El tratamiento de esta entidad debe analizarse caso a caso, ya que la etiología relacionada a procedimientos percutáneos es diferente a la causada por cirugía valvular mitral.Conclusión: La reparación de una disección auricular con parche es una buena alternativa de tratamiento en estos casos.
Megacolon tóxico de origen idiopático: cuando no hay mucho que hacer.
Authors: Gonzalez-Urquijo Mauricio
Published: April 2020

Imágnes y Cirugía
MONUMENTOS POLÍTICOS OU A POLÍTICA DOS MONUMENTOS? OS SIMBOLISMOS NA PRAÇA DOS GIRASSÓIS EM PALMAS, TO
Authors: Lima Wesley dos Santos
Published: April 2020

O artigo em questão objetiva analisar os monumentos como instrumentos políticos dotado de simbolismos na Praça dos Girassóis em Palmas–TO, considerando que os monumentos construídos ao redor da Praça dos Girassóis dispõem de sentidos e significados, simbolismo e representações, e que também são indiferentes para a construção dos espaços de afetividade e de memória dos cidadãos que residem na capital do Tocantins.

Palavras-chave: Monumentos, política, simbolismo.

 

ABSTRACT

The following paper aims to examine the monuments as political instruments filled with symbolism on “Praça dos Girassóis”, in Palmas, TO, given that the monuments built around the Girassóis’ square have senses and meanings, symbolism and representation, and also are indifferent for the construction of the spaces of affection and memory of citizens living in the capital of Tocantins.

Keywords: Monuments, politic, symbolism.

 

RESUMEN

El artículo actual tiene por finalidad analizar los monumentos como instrumentos políticos dotados de simbolismos en la “Plaza de los Girasoles”, en Palmas–TO, considerando que los monumentos construidos alrededor de la Plaza de los Girasoles tienen sentidos y significados, simbolismo y representaciones, y también que son indiferentes para la construcción de los espacios de afectividad y de memoria de los ciudadanos que habitan en la capital de Tocantins.

Palabras clave: Monumentos. Política. Simbolismos.

 

RÉSUMÉ

L'article en question vise à analyser les monuments en tant qu'instruments politiques dotés de symbolisme sur la Praça dos Girassóis (Place des Turnesols) à Palmas - TO, étant donné que les monuments construits autour de la place ont des sens et des significations, du symbolisme et des représentations, et qu'ils sont également indifférents à la construction d'espaces d'affection et de mémoire des citoyens qui résident dans la capitale du Tocantins.

Mots-clés: monuments, politique, symbolisme.
Application of zeolites as fillers in mix asphalt
Authors: Woszuk Agnieszka , Bandura Lidia , Panek Rafał
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is estimation of the effect of zeolites addition on properties of asphalt and examination of possible application of zeolites in mix asphalt as a filler. The addition of zeolites to the mix asphalt is one of the ways used for reduction of technological temperatures by asphalt foaming. At the same time the zeolite material replaces the filler. The paper presents the results of studies on the synthetic zeolite NaP1, natural zeolite- clinoptilolite and mineral filled.
Microneedle structuring of Si(111) by irradiation with picosecond optical vortex pulses
Authors: Ablez Ablimit , Toyoda Kohei , Miyamoto Katsuhiko , Omatsu Takashige
Published: April 2020

We report on comparative studies of the optical vortex-induced structures of both Si(100) and Si(111) by irradiation with a single optical vortex picosecond pulse. Furthermore, we address the effects of the total angular momentum (TAM) on the optical vortex-induced microneedle. Si(111) allows for the faster growth of the microneedle, although this impacts the monocrystallization of the needle. The TAM then forces the melted silicon to spin axially, thereby yielding an efficient accumulation of melted silicon on the substrate for microneedle formation. These results provide new fundamental insights into the interactions between optical vortex fields and irradiated materials.
SVM and KNN Based SGO Feature Selection Algorithm for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept of IT, GMRIT, Rajam, India, Hari* P Sri , Bhaskari D. Lalitha ,   Dept of CS & SE, Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
Published: April 2020

In diagnosis and prediction systems, algorithms working on datasets with a high number of dimensions tend to take more time than those with fewer dimensions. Feature subset selection algorithms enhance the efficiency of Machine Learning algorithms in prediction problems by selecting a subset of the total features and thus pruning redundancy and noise. In this article, such a feature subset selection method is proposed and implemented to diagnose breast cancer using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms. This feature selection algorithm is based on Social Group Optimization (SGO) an evolutionary algorithm. Higher accuracy in diagnosing breast cancer is achieved using our proposed model when compared to other feature selection-based Machine Learning algorithms.