bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wpływ zastąpienia sacharozy glikozydami stewiolowymi na charakterystykę reologiczną deserów na bazie skrobi
Authors: Gałkowska Dorota , Południak Monika , Juszczak Lesław
Published: January 2022

W 2011 r. Komisja Europejska (UE) wydała rozporządzenie nr 1131/2011, na mocy którego dopuszcza stosowanie glikozydów stewiolowych pozyskiwanych z liści rośliny Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni jako substancji dodatkowej do żywności. Technolodzy żywności zyskali zatem nowe możliwości stosowania naturalnej substancji intensywnie słodzącej w wielu kategoriach produktów spożywczych. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena wpływu częściowego lub całkowitego zastąpienia sacharozy glikozydami stewiolowymi na charakterystykę reologiczną deserów mleczno-skrobiowych. Materiałem badanym były desery sporządzone ze skrobi ziemniaczanej Superior Standard lub skrobi ziemniaczanej acetylowanej, odtłuszczonego mleka w proszku, sacharozy i/lub glikozydów stewiolowych, z dodatkiem kurkuminy jako barwnika oraz aromatu waniliowego. Ilość sacharozy zastępowana glikozydami stewiolowymi, z uwzględnieniem ich potencjału słodzącego, wynosiła w poszczególnych próbkach [%]: 0, 33,5, 66,5 oraz 100. Ocenę właściwości reologicznych deserów przeprowadzono poprzez wyznaczenie charakterystyki kleikowania, krzywych lepkości oraz spektrów mechanicznych. Stwierdzono, że desery na bazie skrobi acetylowanej cechowały się niższymi wartościami lepkości pozornej wyznaczonej w testach kleikowania i płynięcia oraz niższymi wartościami modułów zachowawczego i stratności w porównaniu z deserami sporządzonymi ze skrobi niemodyfikowanej. Wszystkie badane desery wykazywały właściwości płynów nienewtonowskich rozrzedzanych ścinaniem. Zastąpienie sacharozy glikozydami stewiolowymi w recepturach deserów skrobiowych prowadziło do otrzymania kleików i żeli o istotnie zmodyfikowanej charakterystyce reologicznej, przy czym kierunek wywołanych zmian zależał od rodzaju zastosowanej skrobi. W aspekcie właściwości reologicznych deseru na bazie skrobi sacharoza może odgrywać rolę zarówno środka zwiększającego lepkość, jak i czynnika utrudniającego pęcznienie ziaren skrobiowych oraz ograniczającego oddziaływania pomiędzy polimerami skrobiowymi i innymi składnikami deseru.
Stabilność przechowalnicza twarogów tradycyjnych i bezlaktozowych
Authors: Godula Krzysztof , Dmytrów Izabela , Mituniewicz-Małek Anna , Mulawka Elżbieta
Published: January 2022

Zaobserwowane trendy żywieniowe oraz brak wystarczających informacji w literaturze przedmiotu odnoszących się do stabilności przechowalniczej produktów bezlaktozowych były inspiracją do podjęcia badań dotyczących stabilności przechowalniczej bezlaktozowego sera twarogowego kwasowego. Celem pracy była ocena wybranych cech jakościowych serów twarogowych kwasowych: tradycyjnego i bezlaktozowego, zakupionych w handlu detalicznym na terenie Szczecina i przechowywanych w warunkach chłodniczych (5 ± 1 ºC) bez dostępu światła przez 21 dni. W pracy założono, że twarogi pochodzące od tego samego producenta: tradycyjny (zawierający laktozę) oraz bez laktozy będą charakteryzowały się odmiennymi wybranymi cechami jakościowymi w czasie chłodniczego przechowywania. Analizowano cechy fizykochemiczne, reologiczne i sensoryczne serów bezpośrednio po zakupie oraz podczas chłodniczego przechowywania. W serach oznaczono: kwasowość czynną i miareczkową, zawartość wody i tłuszczu, aktywność wody, synerezę serwatki, twardość oraz przeprowadzono ocenę sensoryczną. Badane sery twarogowe charakteryzowały się odpowiednią stabilnością przechowalniczą w ciągu 21 dni przechowywania w temp. 5 ± 1 ºC. Czas przechowywania wpłynął istotnie na zmiany kwasowości, twardości, synerezy serwatki i zawartości wody serów twarogowych kwasowych. Stwierdzono statystycznie istotny przyrost wymienionych wskaźników. Sery twarogowe kwasowe charakteryzowały się stabilną zawartością tłuszczu oraz stabilną aktywnością wody w całym cyklu badawczym. Twaróg bezlaktozowy odznaczał się większą kwasowością miareczkową i większą twardością oraz korzystniejszymi cechami sensorycznymi.
Sprzedaż bezpośrednia a bezpieczeństwo żywności pochodzenia zwierzęcego na przykładzie praktyk w powiecie tczewskim
Authors: Palka Agnieszka , Śniegocka-Dworak Magda , Wilczyńska Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Na rynku spożywczym dominują produkty wysoko przetworzone. Szeroka oferta produktów żywnościowych sprawia, że konsumenci są bardziej wymagający i dokonują zakupów z większą świadomością. Poszukują żywności atrakcyjnej sensorycznie, o sprawdzonym źródle pochodzenia, spełniającej wymagania dotyczące bezpieczeństwa, w tym stosowanych substancji dodatkowych oraz ich dozwolonych ilości, poziomów substancji zanieczyszczających, pozostałości pestycydów, warunków napromieniania żywności, po działania podejmowane w trakcie produkcji czy obrotu żywnością, których celem jest przede wszystkim zapewnienie, aby żywność była bezpieczna dla ludzkiego zdrowia i życia.. Wymagania te powinna również spełniać żywność sprzedawana w systemie sprzedaży bezpośredniej. Zgodnie z definicją żywność ta jest produkowana z surowców własnych podmiotu prowadzącego działalność wytwórczą i przeznaczona do sprzedaży bezpośredniej. Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy była analiza wymogów formalnych dotyczących sprzedaży bezpośredniej produktów spożywczych w celu określenia, czy aktualnie obowiązujący system prawny zapewnia bezpieczeństwo żywności sprzedawanej bezpośrednio. Przeprowadzono wywiad z pracownikiem Powiatowego Inspektoratu Weterynarii w Tczewie oraz pilotażowe badanie ankietowe wśród dziesięciu celowo dobranych producentów z terenu powiatu tczewskiego. Respondenci stanowili 34 % producentów żywności pochodzenia zwierzęcego sprzedawanej bezpośrednio. Kwestionariusz ankietowy składał się z pytań o datę rejestracji działalności, sposoby zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa wytwarzanym produktom oraz częstotliwość kontroli Inspekcji Weterynaryjnej. Wykazano, że zarówno system prawny, sposób wytwarzania, jak i system kontroli gwarantuje bezpieczeństwo tego rodzaju żywności w badanej grupie. Obserwacje z badań pilotażowych posłużą do przeprowadzenia analogicznych badań na większej, reprezentatywnej grupie respondentów.
Biofilm bakteryjny i możliwości jego eliminacji w przemyśle spożywczym
Authors: Daniluk Kamila Joanna , Wójcicki Michał , Juszczuk-Kubiak Edyta
Published: January 2022

Biofilmy bakteryjne występujące w przemyśle spożywczym stanowią złożone, wielogatunkowe grupy zarówno bakterii saprofitycznych, jak i patogennych. Często zlokalizowane są na powierzchniach trudno dostępnych dla środków myjących stosowanych w obiegu zamkniętym, jak i dla mechanicznego czyszczenia. W przemyśle spożywczym biofilmy bakteryjne stanowią źródło zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych żywności, powodując obniżenie jakości i trwałości produktów spożywczych. Ponadto biofilmy spożywcze mogą być źródłem bakterii patogennych, takich jak Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. czy Listeria monocytogenes oraz bakterii oportunistycznych (np. Escherichia coli), wywołujących choroby układu pokarmowego, które mogą być długotrwałe i trudne do leczenia, zwłaszcza u osób z obniżoną odpornością. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono podstawowe mechanizmy tworzenia biofilmu bakteryjnego oraz najistotniejsze funkcje pełnione przez zewnątrzkomórkową macierz biofilmu (EPS). Scharakteryzowano główne bakteryjne patogeny występujące w branżach: mięsnej, mleczarskiej, ryb i owoców morza, produktów pochodzenia roślinnego o minimalnym stopniu przetworzenia oraz w sokowniczej, z uwzględnieniem możliwości tworzenia przez te drobnoustroje biofilmu trwałego i opornego na czynniki zewnętrzne. Przedyskutowano również możliwości eradykacji biofilmów spożywczych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metod polegających na zastosowaniu związków naturalnych pochodzenia roślinnego oraz wykorzystaniu litycznych bakteriofagów i/lub ich oczyszczonych enzymów.
Dilatancy Equation and Yield Function for Granular Materials Based on Energy Accumulation
Authors: Guo Wanli , Chen Ge , Wang Junjie , Jian Fuxian
Published: January 2022

The dilatancy equation and yield function are the two important components of the elastoplastic constitutive model for soils. Because the incremental energy equations of the Cam-Clay and Rowe models do not consider the particle breakage energy, the predicted dilatancy for the granular materials is not convincing. Accordingly, the total input energy during shearing, Es, is taken as the equivalent of the energy equation, and Es is found to be directly proportional to the shearing strain, εs. The slope, K, of the Es∼εs line is theoretically induced and experimentally demonstrated to be equal to the critical shear stress, qc. Thus, a new dilatancy equation and yield function are derived and preliminarily verified using different kinds of granular materials, e.g., calcareous sand, gravel, and rockfill. The shape of the proposed yield surface can be adjusted automatically from bullet-shaped to drop-shaped with an increasing Mc, which is better for expressing the yielding behavior of granular materials. Additionally, another significant advantage of the proposed dilatancy equation and yield function is that no additional fitting or nonphysical parameters except Mc (critical stress ratio) is included, whereas the predictions for the granular materials are still satisfactory.
Spatiotemporal pattern and indicators associated with suicide
Authors: Pereira Cíntya do Nascimento , Maranhão Thatiana Araujo , Silva Isaac Gonçalves da , Silva Taynara Lais , Sousa George Jó Bezerra , Lira Neto José Claudio Garcia , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte
Published: January 2022

Objective: to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and indicators associated with the occurrence of suicide. Methods: ecological study that analyzed the deaths by suicide repor- ted in the Mortality Information System. For temporal and spatial analysis, the Joinpoint and Scan methods were employed, respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Ordinary Least Squares Estimation model, considering p<0.05. Results: significant growth in suicide mortality of 4.2% per year was observed. The highest Bayesian mortality rates ranged from 8.90 to 13.49 deaths per 100,000 population. Five statistically significant spatial clusters were identified (p<0.050). The primary cluster encompassed 64 municipalities, with a suicide risk 1.38 times higher (p<0.001). The indicators associated with suicide were Urbanization rate (β=0.07; p=0.020) and Employment & income (β=-9.40; p=0.030). Conclusion: there was a significant increase in suicide, and five spatial clusters were identified. The indicators Urbanization rate and Employment & income were associated with the grievance.
The role of researchers after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira
Published: January 2022

In late 2019, the first cases of a disease, which would come to be known as COVID-19, emerged in a Chinese city, known for being the home to a market where wild animals were relatively common and to a virology laboratory of the highest security level. Coincidence or not, the debate about the origin of the disease involves these two places, and a lot of political interest. On the other hand, the tragedy that became one of the deadliest pandemics ever recorded has several other elements that are more or less important, depending on the moment and context.
Zur graphischen Gestalt der deutschen Berufsbezeichnungen in den lateinischen Eintragungen des Thorner Proskriptionsbuches aus den Jahren 1358–1412
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie. Instytut Filologii Germańskiej. Zakład Dydaktyki i Historii Języka Niemieckiego, Owsiński Piotr A.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a phonemic-graphemic analysis of German official job titles in the Latin proscription entries from the turn of the 15th century, which come from the Book of the proscribed people from the New City of Thorn/Toruń, and were written down in the Silesian dialect of Early New High German. Due to the analysis, it could be proved that the text contains the majority of the standard Early New High German features as well as the dialectal structures and the sound changes which are characteristic for the Silesian dialect, which spread in Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe within the context of German Eastwards Expansion. All the results of the exploration are supported with appropriate examples.
Mental Health Strategies for Pediatric Care
Authors: Forman Susan G. , Shahidullah Jeffrey D. , Hostutler Cody A. , Green Cori M. , Baum Rebecca A.
Published: January 2022

This guide helps primary care pediatricians, family doctors, nurse practitioners, and other professionals identify, treat, and prevent mental health problems as well as promote good mental health in their patients. Clinicians will gain insight into effective methods for helping patients and families share mental health concerns, learn about mental health issues, and develop positive attitudes about seeking treatment from specialty providers. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/mental-health-strategies-for-pediatric-care-paperback/ (NOTE: This book features a full text reading experience. Click a chapter title to access content.)
ON HOP DOMINATION NUMBER OF SOME GENERALIZED GRAPH STRUCTURES
Authors: Shanmugavelan S. , Natarajan C.
Published: January 2022

A subset \( H \subseteq V (G) \) of a graph \(G\) is a hop dominating set (HDS) if for every \({v\in (V\setminus H)}\) there is at least one vertex  \(u\in H\) such that \(d(u,v)=2\).  The minimum cardinality of a hop dominating set of \(G\) is called the hop domination number of \(G\) and is denoted by \(\gamma_{h}(G)\). In this paper, we compute the hop domination number for triangular and quadrilateral snakes. Also, we analyse the hop domination number of graph families such as generalized thorn path, generalized ciliates graphs, glued path graphs and generalized theta graphs.
Ricardian Equivalence revisited: introductory notes
Authors: Busato Maria Isabel
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT These notes aim to revisit the debate, the model, the results, and main objections to the validity of the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem as presented in Barro (1974). It is intended to explore his thesis that tax and debt are equivalent and have no real effect on perceived wealth, demand, the real interest rate or on the economy. The thesis refers to the analysis of the ways of financing debt at a given level of government expenditure and does not address the effects of an expansion of this volume of spending, nor it specifically analyzes the effects of an increase in public debt due to a tax reduction policy. After this presentation, the thesis is debated, consolidating some of the premises that are necessary to validate it. The purpose of the paper is to explore the first round of debates on the theme, explaining the restrictions to which the Barro-Ricardo Theorem or the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem is subject, based on the publications by Barro (1976), Buchanan (1976) and Feldstein (1976), all of them within the ‘realm’ of economic orthodoxy. The final section presents some remarks and an analysis of Barro’s later work (1989 and 1996).
Distribuição de renda e regime de crescimento econômico no Brasil: avaliação e propostas
Authors: Azevedo Laís Fernanda de , Fonseca Pedro Cezar Dutra , Missio Fabricio J.
Published: January 2022

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é analisar o regime de crescimento brasileiro no período 2000-2015, levando-se em consideração a distribuição pessoal e funcional da renda. Em termos teóricos, seguimos o modelo neokaleckiano aumentado proposto por Palley (2016). Em termos empíricos, utiliza-se a metodologia de vetores autorregressivos. Os resultados mostram os efeitos positivos da redução da desigualdade em termos dos rendimentos do trabalho e da desigualdade interpessoal da renda sobre a acumulação de capital e a demanda agregada. A partir dos resultados, argumentamos em prol da adoção de um modelo de crescimento que seja capaz de conciliar distribuição de renda e políticas de incentivo às exportações.
Influence of apical preparation size and final irrigation protocol on the debridement of oval root canals
Authors: Stringheta Carolina Pessoa , Pelegrine Rina Andréa , Montalli Victor Angelo Martins , Gutmann James L , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira
Published: January 2022

Abstract This study assessed the influence of apical preparation size and final irrigation protocol on the debridement of the apical third of oval root canals of mandibular molars. Seventy-seven distal roots were divided into 7 groups (n = 11): Control: without instrumentation or irrigation; Group 30CI: ProTaper Next (up to size 30; PTN) + conventional irrigation (CI); Group 30UAI: PTN + ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI); Group 30XPF: PTN + XP-endo Finisher (XPF); Group 40CI: PTN + ProDesign Logic (up to size 40; PDL) + CI; Group 40UAI: PTN + PDL + UAI; and Group 40XPF: PTN + PDL + XPF. The total volume of irrigating solutions used per root canal in all the experimental groups was 33 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 6 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). After specimen processing and histological analysis under a digital microscope (100x), the percentages of untouched canal walls (UCW) and remaining debris (RD) were assessed using Image J software. A descriptive and exploratory analysis was conducted, indicating that the data failed to meet the assumptions of an analysis of variance. Therefore, generalized linear models were used to assess the effects of the different instrumentation and irrigation protocols, as well as the interaction among them, on the percentage of UCW and RD. No significant difference was found among the irrigation protocols regarding the percentage of UCW, irrespective of apical preparation size (p>0.05). However, UCW and RD were significantly lower in groups 40CI, 40UAI and 40XPF than in groups 30CI, 30UAI and 30XPF (p<0.05). The percentage of RD was significantly lower in the UAI and XPF groups than in the CI groups, irrespective of apical preparation size (p<0.05). The difference between preparation sizes 30 and 40, with respect to RD, was higher when CI was used (p<0.05). In conclusion, instrumentation up to apical preparation size 40 resulted in lower percentages of UCW and RD than up to apical preparation size 30. Use of UAI or XPF resulted in lower percentages of RD than CI.
Molar-incisor hypomineralization and dental caries: A hierarchical approach in a populational-based study
Authors: Bonzanini Laura Izabel Lampert , Arduim Andressa da Silva , Lenzi Tathiane Larissa , Hugo Fernando Neves , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Casagrande Luciano
Published: January 2022

Abstract The last couple of decades has seen an increasing interest in molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) studies. Hypomineralized defects can have several consequences such as hypersensitivity, increased dental plaque accumulation, and consequently higher caries risk. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MIH and its association with dental caries in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil. A random cluster sample of schoolchildren was selected. Clinical examinations were carried out to collect information on MIH (following the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria), dental caries (using the DMF-T index) and gingivitis. Socioeconomic, demographic and behavior variables were collected using a standardized questionnaire answered by the children’s parents/caregivers. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance through a hierarchical approach (p<0.05). A total of 513 schoolchildren were included in the study. MIH and caries prevalence was 19.7% and 31.6%, respectively. The mean age was 11.6 (+1.9) years. Dental caries was more prevalent in children with MIH (PR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05 - 1.85). Older children and children whose families were enrolled in conditional cash transference programs (PR 1.97 95% CI 1.47 - 2.64), and children who did not have their mother or father as the head of the family (PR 1.56 95% CI 1.06 - 2.30) presented a higher prevalence of dental caries. Our findings suggest that children with MIH are more likely to have dental caries.
Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from healthy tortoises in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Santana Jordana Almeida , Silva Brendhal Almeida , Trevizani Nathalia Abreu Borges , Souza Angélica Maria Araújo e , Lima Grécia Mikhaela Nunes de , Furtado Nathalia Rodrigues Martins , Lobato Francisco Carlos Faria , Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT: In the last few decades, there has been a global increase in the adoption of reptiles as companion animals, mainly turtles and tortoises. Considering the popularity of reptiles as pets in Brazil, and a notable lack of data about potentially pathogenic staphylococci in these animals, this study isolated and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcal species from healthy tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in Brazil. During a 12-month period (February 2019 to February 2020), cloacal swabs from 66 healthy tortoises were collected at the Wild Animals Screening Center in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The swabs were plated onto mannitol salt agar for staphylococci isolation, and species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated using the disk diffusion method, and the presence of the mecA gene was investigated by PCR to detect methicillin resistance. Of the tested animals, 72.7% were positive for staphylococcal isolation. All isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and Staphylococcus sciuri (81.3%), and S. xylosus (12.5%) were the most frequently isolated species. The majority of the isolates (56%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. A high frequency of resistance was observed for penicillin (35.5%) and tetracycline (29.1 %). All strains were susceptible to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and gentamicin. All isolates were negative for the mecA gene. The present work suggests that healthy tortoises are mainly colonized by CoNS, especially S. sciuri. Half of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, raising questions regarding the possible role of these animals as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes.
Diversity of culturable endophytic fungi vary through time in Manihot esculenta Crantz
Authors: Ramí́rez-Camejo L. A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract Endophytic fungi are a ubiquituos group that colonize all plant species on earth. Studies comparing the location of endophytic fungi within the leaves and the sampling time in Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) are limited. In this study, mature leaves of M. esculenta from Panama were collected in order to compare the cultivable diversity of endophytic fungi and to determine their distribution within the leaves. A total of one hundred sixty endophytes belonging to 97 species representing 13 genera and 8 morphospecies determined as mycelia sterilia that containing 63 isolates were isolated. Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Periconia, and mycelia sterilia 1 and 3 were the most predominant isolated endophytes. We detected that endophytes varied across the sampling time, but not amongst locations within leaves. The endophytes composition across sampling and the location of endophytes within leaf was similar, except for Periconia and mycelia sterilia 3 and 7. The data generated in this study contribute to the knowledge on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in Panama, and establish the bases for future research focused on understanding the function of endophytes in M. esculenta crops.
El papel de la actividad experimental en el desarrollo de tópicos de Física Contemporánea: Estrategia de aula para la comprensión del fenómeno de la superconductividad
Authors: Martínez Yuly Andrea Gualtero , Sciutto Sergio J.
Published: January 2022

Presentamos un análisis detallado de diversos aspectos del diseño, ejecución y evaluación de resultados de una estrategia de aula para la enseñanza de tópicos de Física Contemporánea a nivel medio. Esta experiencia se llevó a cabo con un grupo de estudiantes del último año de secundaria en Bogotá, Colombia, abordando el tema de la superconductividad. Utilizando el enfoque pedagógico de la Enseñanza para la Comprensión, se diseñó un plan de clases y actividades teóricas y experimentales con el objetivo de lograr la comprensión del fenómeno de la superconductividad junto con diferentes conceptos de la física clásica y contemporánea relacionados con ese fenómeno, de los avances tecnológicos actuales y las implicaciones sociales que trae el desarrollo de la ciencia en los diferentes contextos mundiales. Este plan fue puesto en práctica con resultados muy satisfactorios, que son analizados y discutidos en el presente artículo.
Effects of flower essences on nursing students’ stress symptoms: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Albuquerque Lucia Maria Nunes Freire , Turrini Ruth Natalia Teresa
Published: January 2022

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effects of flower essence bouquets on the signs and symptoms of stress in nursing students. Method: Randomized clinical trial, triple blind, with two groups, flower essence group and placebo group, carried out with 101 nursing students. The groups used the formula for 60 days at a dosage of 4 drops 4 times a day. The outcome was evaluated using the Baccaro Test and the Perceived Stress Scale applied at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. The outcome analysis was performed using the mixed effects model, with 〈 = 5% and the effect size verified by the Cohen’s d test. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in stress reduction (p > 0.05). Both groups showed a reduction in scale scores (p < 0.001) with large effect size. There was an influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the reduction of Baccaro Test scores. Conclusion: The intervention with flower essence therapy was not more effective than placebo in reducing stress signs and symptoms. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: UTN U1111–1257-5715.
Nowhere to go? The case of displaced people in Maghreb states during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Santos Johnatan da Costa
Published: January 2022

Abstract The spread of COVID-19 in early 2020 has prompted governments to impose travel and mobility restrictions ranging from increased border controls to limitations to internal movement, and border closures. These measures significantly influenced migration trends and patterns, leaving thousands of migrants and refugees with nowhere to go. Therefore, this paper examines the influence of the COVID-19 on the lives of migrants and refugees in three Maghreb states (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) and studies the policies implemented to assist in areas such as health, shelter, and economic relief. This paper also considers the legal and material practices through which migrants and refugees were governed during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The paper finds that as the pandemic develops and waves of infection continue in the region, local governments face crumbling healthcare infrastructure and long-term financial consequences that directly affect nationals and non-nationals.
Xeno-racismo ou xenofobia racializada? Problematizando a hospitalidade seletiva aos estrangeiros no Brasil
Authors: Faustino Deivison Mendes , Oliveira Leila Maria de
Published: January 2022

Resumo. Neste estudo, introduzimos o conceito de xeno-racismo, proposto pelo romancista srilankês Ambalavaner Sivanandan, discutindo as suas possíveis aplicações aos estudos sobre migração, diáspora e xenofobia no Brasil. Problematizamos as relações entre xenofobia e racismo diante das características históricas e sociais particulares do capitalismo no Brasil. Argumentamos que os critérios de aceitação e distinção em sociedades pautadas pela colonização ofereceram um cenário de distribuição desigual do acolhimento aos estrangeiros, a depender de sua origem e heteroclassificação nos marcadores sociais de diferença locais. Essa seletividade, aqui nomeada como xenofobia racializada, impõe características sociológicas próprias às dinâmicas migratórias no contexto particular brasileiro.
Menstrual cycle among adolescents: girls’ awareness and influence of age at menarche and overweight
Authors: Marques Patrícia , Madeira Tiago , Gama Augusta
Published: January 2022

Abstract Objective: To characterize the menstrual cycle (regularity and menstrual flow length), the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and self-monitoring of the cycle in students from Lisbon region, and explore the effect of chronological age, age at menarche and body mass index (BMI) on menstrual disorders. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 848 girls aged 12–18 years. A questionnaire about the sociodemographic context and characteristics of the menstrual cycle, and weight and height measures were assessed. BMI was classified according to International Obesity Taskforce criteria. A descriptive analysis of the variables was made, and Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were determined. Results: Mean age at menarche was 12.4 years and mean BMI was 22.0kg/m2. Among adolescents, 59% have regular menstrual cycle, 83% have menstrual flow length of ≤6 days. 88% suffered from dysmenorrhea, among which 8,7% declare absenteeism from school and 49% took pain medication, and 65% self-monitor their menstrual cycle. Higher maternal education was associated with a higher self-monitoring of menstrual cycle among the sample (OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.15–2.17). Girls with menarche <12 years-of-age are more likely to have menstrual flow length of >6 days (OR 1.73; 95%CI 1.19–2.51) and dysmenorrhea (OR 1.87; 95%CI 1.11–3.16) than those with menarche ≥12 years-of-age. No significant association between BMI and menstrual cycle variables was observed. Conclusions: The results suggest that menstrual disorders are frequent and may be associated with early menarche, but not with BMI. It is important to encourage self-monitoring of the menstrual cycle to detect menstrual disorders timely and promote health and well-being.
The use of photobiomodulation for the muscles of head and neck: an integrative review
Authors: Ferreira Sara Loureiro de Souza , Cunha Daniele Andrade da , Almeida Aline Natalia Simões de , Cunha Maria Deluana da , Bastos Roberto Sávio de Assunção , Silva Hilton Justino da
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Purpose To carry out an integrative review of the literature on the use of photobiomodulation (PBM) for the head and neck muscles. Research strategy The research took place between June/2019 and March/2021, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO. The MeSH used were Low-Level Light Therapy, Phototherapy, Masseter Muscle, Masticatory Muscles, Tongue, Palate, Mouth, Neck Muscles, and Facial Muscles in English and Portuguese. No limitation was imposed on the year and language of publication. Selection criteria studies that answered the guiding question: what is the use of photobiomodulation to the head and neck muscles?. Results 2857 articles were found, of which 102 were selected for full reading, 52 of those were excluded, giving a total of 50 articles included. The included publications date from 2003 to 2020. Brazil was the country that most published on the topic. With regard to the objectives, 82% of the studies aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of PBM, of these, 50% were related to articular or muscular temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The heterogeneity of the studies makes it impossible to define the dose protocols. Conclusion PBM has been applied to the head and neck muscles mainly for the treatment of pain caused by TMD. There is no treatment protocol to define the doses to be used, due the heterogeneity of the methodologies applied and results found.
Prevalência sorológica de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre trabalhadores do sistema prisional do Espírito Santo, 2020
Authors: Duque Camila Leal Cravo , Macedo Laylla Ribeiro , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia , Tristão-Sá Ricardo , Bianchi Erika do Nascimento , Silva Adriana Ilha da , Jabor Pablo Medeiros , Gomes Cristiana Costa , Cardoso Orlei Amaral , Lira Pablo , Zanotti Raphael Lubiana , Magno Filho Silvânio José de Souza , Zandonade Eliana
Published: January 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre trabalhadores do sistema prisional do Espírito Santo, Brasil, no período agosto-setembro de 2020. Métodos: Inquérito em amostra estratificada, mediante entrevistas e testes sorológicos para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: Nos 986 pesquisados, a prevalência sorológica de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 foi de 11,9% (IC95% 8,1%;15,7%) nos profissionais de saúde, e de 22,1% (IC95% 18,8%;25,3%) nos agentes penitenciários. A positividade foi mais frequente nos profissionais da saúde do norte do estado (19,7%) e em agentes penitenciários do sexo masculino (24,0%). Entre soropositivos, a fadiga foi o sintoma mais frequente nos agentes penitenciários (13,4%), e a mialgia, nos profissionais de saúde (10,8%); e as comorbidades mais prevalentes entre os positivos foram asma ou bronquite (16,2%), para profissionais de saúde, e hipertensão para agentes penitenciários (12,8%). Conclusão: A prevalência sorológica de SARS-Cov-2 foi maior nos agentes penitenciários, achado que deve subsidiar ações de controle e prevenção da doença nesse cenário.
SEVERE CERVICAL MYELOPATHY: APPROACHES AND POSTOPERATIVE EVALUATION
Authors: Cerqueira Gabriel Faria , Kulcheski Álynson Larocca , Sebben André Luís , Santoro Pedro Grein Del , Benato Marcel Luiz , Graells Xavier Soler i
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate and compare the clinical evolution of surgical approaches used in patients with severe cervical myelopathy. Methods: Retrospective observational study in which 19 patients with myelopathy who underwent surgery were evaluated. Neurological assessments using the Frankel scale were conducted both preoperatively and one year following surgery, and the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Nurick, and Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS) questionnaires were applied 1 year after the surgical procedure. Results: 89% of the participants were male and the average age was 63.9 years. No patient had postoperative neurological worsening, 12 patients (63.16%) had mild pain, and seven (36.84%) had moderate pain. The group with degenerative disease showed neurological improvement after surgery and the exclusively anterior approach was used in 84% of the cases, the exclusively posterior approach in 10% of the cases, and the dual approach in 6% of the cases. Conclusion: Surgical treatment has good results for inhibiting the unfavorable natural evolution of myelopathy within 1 year following surgery and promotes neurological improvement in degenerative cases, making it possible to use the anterior access route in most cases. Level of evidence III; Retrospective Study.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VERTEBRAL SPINE FRACTURES IN A HOSPITAL IN SÃO PAULO IN THE TWO-YEAR PERIOD 2017-2018
Authors: Costa Guilherme Henrique Ricardo da , Bohana e Silva João Victor , Petersen Pedro Araújo , Marcon Raphael Martus , Cristante Alexandre Fogaça
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with spinal fractures over a two-year period (2017 and 2018) in a quaternary hospital in the city of São Paulo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the analysis of the electronic medical records of patients treated by the Spine group of the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Emergency Room of Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo in the years 2017 and 2018. Results: A total of 185 patients were evaluated over two years. Males were the gender most frequently evaluated (69.19%), and the mean patient age was 43.95 years. The most common trauma mechanisms were falls from a height (45.95%) and traffic accidents (29.73%). The cervical spine, affected in 28.65%, was the most affected region, followed by the thoracolumbar region (26.56%). Most patients did not present deficits at the initial moment (71.89%) and 54.05% of patients underwent surgery for treatment. Conclusion: Most traumas involving the spine affect adults of working age (from 20 to 60 years old), with a predominance of males. Most injuries occurred in the cervical region, which is the region most commonly associated with severe trauma and neurological injuries. This study can help in planning prevention and precaution strategies for spinal trauma. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional study.
PERCUTANEOUS INSTRUMENTATION WITHOUT ARTHRODESIS FOR THORACOLUMBAR BURST FRACTURES (A3/A4, B): A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Couri Pedro Henrique Cortat Proba , Kim Leandro Duil , Santos William Zarza , Mendonça Rodrigo Góes Medéa de , Astur Nelson , Gotfryd Alberto Ofenhejm , Avanzi Osmar , Caffaro Maria Fernanda Silber , Meves Robert
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: There is still no consensus as to the treatment options for thoracolumbar burst fractures, although these fractures are widely described in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of percutaneous instrumentation without arthrodesis as a method of fixation of these lesions. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated 16 patients by measuring regional kyphosis using the Cobb method and the scores for quality of life and return to work (Oswestry Disability Index, VAS, SF-36 and Denis). Results: Six months after surgical treatment, 62.5% of all patients showed minimal disability according to the Oswestry Disability Index, maintenance of regional kyphosis correction and no synthesis failure. Conclusions: The clinical and radiological outcomes of the study suggest that minimally invasive fixation is indicated for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Level of evidence IV; Observational study: retrospective cohort.
COMPLICATIONS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SPINAL METASTASES
Authors: Candido Priscila Barile Marchi , Peria Fernanda Maris , Toledo Vinicius Nogueira , Costa Herton Rodrigo Tavares , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the complications of surgical treatment in a group of patients with spinal metastasis with epidural compression, undergoing surgical treatment. Methods: This is a comparative retrospective study (level of evidence III), which evaluated 96 patients with spinal metastases undergoing surgical treatment. Intra- and postoperative complications were obtained from the patients’ medical records and correlated with the following clinical characteristics: tumor type, tumor location, neurological deficit, age, number of affected vertebrae, Tokuhashi scale, Tomita scale, Karnofsky performance scale, and type of approach. Results: Complications of surgical treatment were observed in 29 (30.20%) patients. Surgical wound infection was the most frequent complication, observed in 15% of patients. Conclusions: Surgical treatment of spinal metastases presents complications in about 30% of patients and their occurrence should be considered in the treatment planning, weighing the risks and benefits for achieving the treatment goals. Level III evidence; Retrospective Study.
THE PREVALENCE OF HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION AMONG PATIENTS AFTER CERVICAL DISK ARTHROPLASTY AT 5 YEARS
Authors: Stepanov Ivan Andreevich , Beloborodov Vladimir Anatol'evich , Sorokovikov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and grading of heterotopic ossification (HO) at five years, among patients after cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA). Methods: The CDA procedure with Activ C and M6-C prostheses was performed on 127 patients. The mean age of the cohort of patients was 38.4 years (range 18-49). The mean follow-up time was 58.4 months, ranging from 51 to 66 months. Results: Grade 1 ossifications were present in 11 (8.6 %) levels. A total of 45 (35.4 %) segments showed grade 2 HO. HO that led to restrictions in range of motion were present in 13 (10.2 %) cases. Five years after surgery, 9 (7.0 %) patients with grade 4 ossifications were found only in the M6-C artificial disk prosthesis group. In the analysis of patient survival following the occurrence of HO, all patients showed median survival of 28.3±5.6 months. The group that received the Activ C artificial disk prosthesis showed statistically longer survival (49.5±7.8 months) than the M6-C disk group. Conclusions: In our study 61.4% of patients exhibited HO after a mean follow-up of 58.4 months. In the analysis of patient survival after HO, all patients showed median survival of 28.3±5.6 months. The group that received the Activ C artificial disk prosthesis showed statistically longer survival (49.5±7.8 months) than the M6-C disk group. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional Observational Study.
AN ANESTHESIA SUGGESTION FOR ENDOSCOPIC LUMBAR SPINE SURGERY
Authors: Abrão João , Costa Herton Rodrigo Tavares , Silva Alexandre Cubas da , Utino Edgar Takao , Bergamaschi João Paulo
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy causes less damage to the paravertebral musculature, with preservation of bone structure and rapid recovery. This innovation allows the surgery to be performed on an outpatient basis, due to the faster recovery time. The anesthesia traditionally performed was general anesthesia, and then conscious sedation. The prone position has always been a major challenge for anesthesiologists. In order to avoid any type of respiratory depression, and based on our own experience with obstetric analgesia, we propose to perform an analgesic spinal anesthesia, a technique not yet found for this type of surgery in the world literature. Level of evidence I; Quality of Evidence A
The Transformation of the Reading Model in a Digital Culture
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Vorobyeva Tatiana L.
Published: January 2022

The article explores the transformation of the traditional reading model in the conditions of the modern information society and digital culture. The author considers the problem in the anthropological aspect as a radical cognitive restructuring of reading perception and modernization of reading practices. This requires a revision of the essential concepts of the reading theory and of methodological approaches to their study. Firstly, this concerns texts that change their nature in the digital environment and acquire a multimodal polycode character. Changing the medium and the way in which it is recorded leads to a change from linear, sequential reading to a parallel, divergent way of reader’s thinking, which significantly affects the depth of attention and understanding of the text. In this regard, researchers note the gradual replacement of slow, thoughtful reading by widely used scanning techniques, superficial search reading that realizes specific pragmatic goals. The modern reading model replaces the traditional, consolidating function with a differentiating one, related to the stratification of the readership and the formation of different reading subcultures and online reading communities. Internet reading, which is especially popular among young people, is becoming “social”, aiming at active online communication and the creation of its own fanfiction content. This removes the institutional distance between the author and the reader, and significantly changes the status position of reading, which loses its role as a terminal value and becomes a secondary, collateral occupation. Reader differentiation is also evident in the mental digital generational divide; reading practices of adherents of the traditional reading model become increasingly elitist in today’s socio-cultural context. This gap is exacerbated by the current trend towards the visualisation of reading, which accelerates perception of information but negates essential reading competencies. The transformation of the reading model has deep historical roots and is legitimate, so the reader’s ability to be “multitextual”, i.e. to switch to different modes of perception, choosing different reading strategies depending on the text and the situations, is important today This can be facilitated by education and book publishing that adapt to the characteristics of the new reading model.
Emotional Regulation Activities Moderates the Risk of Depression in People With Sleep Disturbance: Evidence From a Community Health Survey
Authors: Oh Jihye , Hong Seung-Chul
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective It is widely known that poor sleep quality is closely related to depression, but there are limited studies on the mediating factors.Methods Based on national health survey data, the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms was explored, and structural equations were drawn to determine whether emotional regulation activities, such as regular breakfast, regular exercise, smoking, and drinking contribute to poor sleep quality-induced depression.Results There was a significant correlation between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Regular breakfast tended to mediate between poor sleep quality and depression the most, followed by smoking, drinking, and regular exercise.Conclusions Several emotional regulation activities including regular breakfast, can play a protective role in the process leading to poor sleep quality-induced depression. A follow-up study is required to examine the clinical aspect of how regular breakfast can prevent the process of poor sleep quality to depression.
Validity and Reliability Study of Parent Report of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory for Preschoolers
Authors: HAMAMCI Beyza , ACAR İbrahim , UYANIK Gülden
Published: January 2022

The present study aims to adapt the parent-report of the "Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI)" into Turkish to use with preschool children. The CHEXI is a rating instrument by which parents evaluate the executive functioning of children between ages of 4 and12 years. The sample of the present study consists of parents of 212 children attending 37 public preschools during 2019 – 2020 academic year. Children’s ages range from 48 to 72 months. Parents completed the CHEXI, Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form (CBQ-SF), and Demographic Information Form. Results from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the CHEXI has two factors aligned with the original structure; χ2(250) = 383,275, CFI=0.90, RMSEA=0.05 [90% CI 04, 06], SRMR=0.05. These dimensions are Working Memory and Inhibitory Control. As a result of the item-level independent t-test conducted for the upper and lower 27% groups, all items were significantly different between groups. The internal reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) values of the inventory were found to be .90 for the Working Memory and .78 for the Inhibitory Control subscale. This was also true for composite reliability. In addition, there was a significant correlation between CHEXI and CBQ-SF's subscales, indicating criterion validity. The findings of the present study suggest that CHEXI could be used with parents of preschool children in Turkey.