bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
α-pinene regulates miR-221 and induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Xu Qiuxiang , Li Ming , Yang Mengdie , Yang Jiebo , Xie Jingjing , Lu Xinshuo , Wang Fang , Chen Weiqiang
Published: November 2018

The naturally occurring compound α-pinene induces cell cycle arrest and antitumor activity. We examined effects of α-pinene on cell cycle regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) cells to establish a foundation for its development as a novel treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HepG2 cells treated with α-pinene exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition as a result of G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Cell cycle arrest was associated with down-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and miR-221 levels and up-regulated levels of CDKN1B/p27, γ-H2AX, phosphorylated ATM, phosphorylated Chk2 and phosphorylated p53. Our observations are consistent with a model in which α-pinene inhibits miR221 expression, which leads to G2/M-phase arrest and activation of CDKN1B/p27-CDK1 and ATM-p53-Chk2 pathways that suppress human hepatoma tumor progression. Additionally, α-pinene was found to trigger oxidative stress and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells. α-pinene, therefore, represents a potential chemotherapeutic compound for the treatment of HCC.
The genetic effect of the ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) rs5498 polymorphism on the susceptibility towards multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jiang Chuan , Xie Chunli , Feng Jianli , Hao Maolin
Published: November 2018

In the present study, we included currently published evidence to comprehensively evaluate the influence of the rs5498 polymorphism within the ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) gene on the genetic risk of multiple sclerosis. STATA 12.0 software was utilized to carry out the heterogeneity assessment, association test, and Begg’s test as well as the Egger’s tests and sensitivity analyses. A total of 11 high-quality case–control studies were selected from the initially retrieved 2209 articles. The lack of high heterogeneity led to the use of a fixed-effect model in all genetic models. The results of the association test showed a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis in the allelic G vs A (Passociation = 0.036, OR = 0.91) and dominant AG+GG vs AA (Passociation = 0.042, OR = 0.85) but not in other genetic models (all Passociation > 0.05). In addition, the negative results were observed in further subgroup analyses based on ethnicity or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all genetic models. Data from Begg’s and Egger’s tests further excluded the presence of remarkable publication bias, while sensitivity analysis data supported stable outcomes. Thus, we conclude that ICAM1 rs5498 may not be related to the risk of multiple sclerosis in Caucasian or Asian populations, which still merits further research.
Oral Tradition as a Source for Digging Up the History of Parakan as a Heritage City
Authors: Ari Widyati Purwantiasning , Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan , Pudentia Maria Purenti Sri Sunarti
Published: November 2018

This research was aimed to explore the history of Parakan City, a small city of Indonesia, located in Central Java. Parakan City has been regarded as a heritage city in Central Java and is well known as a Bambu Runcing City. Bambu Runcing is a sharpened bamboo that has been used as a traditional weapon in the past hundred years in Indonesia. This research was to conduct in oral tradition as a source for digging up the history of Parakan, particularly the reason why the community of Parakan using the words “Bambu Runcing” as a brand name for the city. This research was also to describe to what extent the community in having a strong attachment to the founder of Bambu Runcing known as KH Subuki. Some relevant and credible sources were interviewed using this oral tradition, and some of them are the second and third generation of KH Subuki.
Traditionality and Modernity: Post-Colonial Architecture in Indonesia
Authors: Muthmainnah Kani , Kurniawan Kemas Ridwan
Published: November 2018

The paradigm of traditionality in Indonesian modern architecture becomes a polemical discourse especially in relation to the development of Indonesian architecture identity in the post-colonial era. The awareness and spirit of exploring identities give birth to new experiments and ideas, assuming traditionality as the anti-thesis of Indonesian International-Style modernism initiated during the Old Order. The focus of this research is to explore different operation and practice of the paradigm in Indonesian architecture discourse much or less alluded with power and politics during the Old and New Order. The aim of this research is to redefine the meaning of traditionality in Indonesian Modern Architecture. This research uses qualitative approach by using a discursive method to analyse the representation of traditionality in Indonesian post-colonial architecture. The author expects to elaborate the manifesto of traditionality through a categorization that is based on the implementation of values, forms, processes, and changes toward the condition of the current development.
Engineering Properties of Foamed Concrete Containing Water Repellent
Authors: Lee Yee Ling , Oh Chen Hoe , Lim Ming Han , Lee Foo Wei
Published: November 2018

Concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry. Over the years, increasing demands from the construction industry had led to the birth of various types of concrete. Foamed concrete is one of the variations of lightweight concrete and yields a high percentage of porosity due to the internal presence of multiple air bubbles. Consequently, foamed concrete is prone to harmful substances’ penetration, which will disrupt its overall durability and the purpose of usage. Hence, water repellent is introduced into foamed concrete in this study and its effect on various engineering properties of foamed concrete will be investigated. The objectives of this study are to obtain optimum water-to-cement ratio for the 1200 kg/m3 foamed concrete and to study the impacts of water repellents on the fresh and engineering properties of foamed concrete. This study was separated into two main research phases. The first phase aimed at determining the optimum water-to-cement ratio for foamed concrete without the presence of water repellents, which was then determined as 0.48. The continuation of this research exhibited the utilization of the obtained optimum water-to-cement ratio from the first phase of the study to delve into the impact analysis of 0.2% and 0.4% calcium stearate (CS) on the fresh and engineering properties of foamed concrete. The incorporation of CS into foamed concrete had affected its mechanical properties in terms of compressive strength. However, it had played a vital role in improving the foamed concrete’s physical properties in terms of absorption, initial surface absorption and sorptivity. It was also found that the recommended dosage for CS incorporation was determined as 0.2% of cement weight as to prevent the adverse effects from overdosing of water repellents.
A Framework of Efficient Material Storage Management on Congested Construction Site
Authors: Misron Nurul Fathira , Khoiry Muhamad Azry , Hamzah Noraini
Published: November 2018

Material storage management focuses on starting material into the built-up site to be recorded, the material layout and stored over a certain period until it is taken out of the storage area to the work site and the process is repeated. The emergence of new technologies that are not integrated and have no efficient management methods as well as inexperienced management negatively affect the storage management of overcrowded site sites. This study aims to devise an efficient set of materials storage management on a congested site. Critical studies have been referred on more than 50 previous research journals covering by the elements. The framework of this study comprises four elements that are defined as workflow of storage management, storage management systems, material storage methods and roles of responsible parties. The combination of the elements can contribute to the strengthening or discovery of the theory or concept that can be used by the developmental growth and future of the industry.
Case Analysis of Construction Management in Small Projects in Jeju, Korea
Authors: Kang Sang-Chan , Jang Myunghoun
Published: November 2018

It is difficult to build small houses in a urban or rural region because an owner meets lots of risks from planning, feasible study, estimation, and design to construction. Conflicts or disputes owing to the improper communication between stakeholders like the owner, designer, contractor, sub-contractor, and manufacturer may cause the construction project to delay or stop. Thus, construction management can be a key success factor to the small construction projects. Many construction projects are built in Jeju. The middle and large projects have competent management personnels, but the small projects need a person or a company to help to complete the project goals. This research shows two case projects. One is a multi-family residence in an urban area and the other is a single-family house in a rural area in Jeju. A construction manager participates in both projects to support the owner. And the research proposes the client-customized construction management platform for small construction projects.
A Bi-Objective Optimization Approach for Inflight Food Waste Reduction
Authors: Teoh Lay Eng , Inderjit Singh Jaspreet kaur A/P
Published: November 2018

For airline industry, an excess of inflight food waste has been highlighted as one of the crucial concerns that affecting airline’s profit margin and operations. Furthermore, it may result in environmental issue if excessive food waste is not handled with care. As such, ensuring an optimal inflight catering service is particularly important to airlines. However, the existing literatures focusing on the reduction of inflight food waste is very limited. Correspondingly, this paper develops a bi-objective inflight food waste reduction model, with the aim to minimize inflight food waste while maximizing passengers’ expectation towards inflight catering service. In particular, an optimal strategy of offering inflight meals (comprise standard and light meals) is proposed appropriately to meet the demand of passengers under uncertainty. By examining some international flights, the results of an illustrative case study show that the developed model is viable to reduce airline’s inflight food waste to a greater extent. Besides, the airline would have greater flexibility to meet the expectations of the passengers in a better manner. It is anticipated that the developed model would reveal some useful insights to the airlines in providing inflight catering services profitably and environmentally.
Nutrients Removal from Domestic Wastewater in Basrah City (Southern Iraq) using Combined A2/O Bio Contact Oxidation Technology
Authors: Ibrahim Husham T. , Al-Aboodi Ali H. , Abbas Saramad A.
Published: November 2018

The nutrients removal from domestic wastewater in Basrah City (Southern Iraq) by using the technology of up flow A2-O Bio Contact Oxidation with bypass flow was studied in this research. The treatment system was designed in order to treating 100 L/day of domestic wastewater by using a laboratory scale Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRS) in series form with effective volume equal to 15 L, 15 L, and 30 L respectively. Kaldnes polyethylene media (K1) was used in this study in order to achieve attached biofilm process with filling ratio equal to 30% for both anaerobic anoxic MBBRS. and with filling ratio 50% for aerobic MBBR. After the biofilm was developed in the carriers the system was operated under internal recycle ratio equal to 100%. bypass ratio equal to 40%. and under 3 different external recycle ratio (25%, 50%, and 100%). The experimental results showed that the optimal value of the external recycle ratio was equal to 50 %, which the average values of removal efficiencies of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were equal to 98.15 %, 97.16%, 82.12%, and 93.39 % respectively. Under the condition of the optimum value of external recycle ratio the average concentration of the dissolved oxygen in both anoxic and aerobic reactors were equal to 0.151 mg/L, and 3.57 mg/L respectively, and the temperature of water wras controlled in the range of 35° C in the anaerobic reactor and in the range of 30°C in both anoxic and aerobic reactors by used temperature controlled.
Accessibility of Sewage Treatment Plants - Benefits and Limitations Associated with Their Location Requirements
Authors: Wójtowicz-Wróbel Agnieszka
Published: November 2018

Due to their specifics, municipal sewage treatment plants have highly specific location requirements. It is, without a doubt, a limitation in relation to the possibility of using these types of plants within an urban structure. On the other hand, in modern, intensively developing cities and the more and more intense incorporation of external areas into - sensu stricto - urban tissue, accessibility and a potentially attractive riverside location create new opportunities. They support new technological solutions that lessen the possible negative impact of such structures. The goal of this article is to highlight which characteristics related to location and other factors are responsible for the possibility of attractively incorporating sewage treatment plants into an urban structure, and which characteristics cause these structures to be excluded from opportunities enabling their wider spatial employment. Accessibility studies, as well as analyses of other elements will be performed using the comparative analysis method, focusing on a selection of examples of sewage treatment plants in large Polish cities. Conclusions about location conditions will be drawn on the basis of the study, which can serve to perform comparative analyses both in cases of sewage treatment plants in other cities, as well as other municipal technical infrastructure plants, whose location is dependent on their function.
The Adsorption of Copper by SBA-15-CPTMS Mesoporous for Water Remediation
Authors: Dhaneswara Donanta , Delayori Farhan , Utami Siti , Kuskendrianto Falah Riski , Abdurrahman Muhammad Hanif , Fatriansyah Jaka Fajar
Published: November 2018

The high development of science and technology affects the economic growth and industrialization process. The industrialization process produces industrial waste which contain heavy metal such as copper (Cu). This industrial waste can harm the environment surronding industrial areas where 15 million or 6% of the Indonesian population live. In order to overcome this problem, mesoporous silica material Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) is used as an adsorbent. SBA-15 was synthesized through sol gel process using tetraorthosilicate as precursor, Pluronic 123 triblock copolymer as template, and (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) as functionalized agent. CPTMS was used to modify the SBA-15 surface in order to improve the materials as adsorbent. The materials were characterized using SAXRD and TEM to study material’s cristallinity and pore structure, the presence of organic group was examined using FTIR, the surface area of SBA-15 and SBA-15 CPTMS were characterized using Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) N2 adsorption isotherm test at 77 K, and the ions concentration in solution after adsorption process was determined using AAS. The crystal structure of SBA-15 and SBA-15 CPTMS was found 2D heksagonal with a more regular SBA-15 pore structure than SBA-15 CPTMS. The surface area of SBA-15-CPTMS was found to be lower than SBA-15, 711.061 m2/g in comparison to 831.996 m2/g. However, in copper adsorption test, it was found that SBA-15-CPTMS has higher adsorption ability.
Assessing the Impact of Climate Conditions on Harnessing Coastal (Offshore) Wind Energy
Authors: Akter Shamima , Loo Joon Kiat , Hannan Mohammed Abdul
Published: November 2018

This study analyses the relationship among various climate factors and their effect on the wind power density available in a coastal region. Climate data from several offshore wind farms in the East Asian region is extracted to perform the calculations and analysis. Reasons for variations of climate parameters such as average wind speed, average temperature, air density, average pressure, average precipitation, average humidity and their influences on wind power generation are explored. It is expected that this study will help the investors to perform a feasibility study on the availability of wind energy at a certain nearshore area before setting up wind farms.
CO2 Emission Reduction from Solar Power Plant in Rural Area (Study of Solar Power Plant in Sukaraksa Village, Tanjung Sari Sub-District, Bogor Regency)
Authors: Dwipayana  , Garniwa Iwa , Herdiansyah Herdis
Published: November 2018

Development of renewable energy power plant represents a strategic way to increase electrification ratio and to reduce CO2 emission. One of renewable energy potential resources in Indonesia is solar power since the country is located in the equator line. In 2014, there are 8,170 kWp community based solar power plant that has been built by the government in the rural area. However, advantages of community based solar power plant will depend on its sustainability. This study examines the sustainability of community based solar power plant based on an interview with local government. It also determines the potential of community based solar power plant reduces CO2 emission at the research location. The interview was conducted with Authorized Environmental Agency. The results show that sustainability of solar power plant in the research area is considered to be good. It is also known that CO2 emission reduction in research location during its lifetime is 316,302 kg. It is believed that this successful example can provide policy recommendation for government to develop a more solar power plant in another rural area.
Anisotropically Consolidated Undrained Compression Test on Residual Soil
Authors: Lim Jun Xian , Chong Siaw Yah , Tanaka Yasuo , Lee Min Lee
Published: November 2018

In Malaysia, the shear strength and corresponding deformation characteristics of residual soils are normally investigated by isotropically consolidated undrained (CIU) triaxial test. In the present study, anisotropically consolidated undrained compression (CAU) tests were carried out and explored in an attempt to facilitate understanding on the fundamental behaviours of a selected residual soil. A triaxial apparatus setup which was capable of performing the CAU test was first developed. Through a monotonic strain-controlled triaxial test apparatus, soil properties and stress paths could be obtained experimentally. It was confirmed that the newly fabricated triaxial apparatus could provide reasonable experimental results. As distinguished from the isotropically consolidated undrained compression (CIU) test, anisotropic stresses were induced in the stress path test. It follows that the soil responses were different between the CIU and CAU tests. The coefficient of earth pressure at rest (Ko) values as obtained in the present experiment showed a good agreement with the values estimated using equation reported by Jaky (1948).
Mathematical Modelling of One-Dimensional Overland Flow on a Porous Surface
Authors: Tah Ai Sher , Puay How Tion , Zakaria Nor Azazi
Published: November 2018

Due to rapid urbanization, surface water drainage systems are designed to perform as natural drainage acting as water storage areas that allow infiltration and evaporation and to solve issues caused by traditional drainage system As there is an increase of attention on Sustainable Urban Drainage system (SuDs) to manage storm water, a simple yet efficient numerical model for flow over porous media is needed. The purpose of this research is to develop a numerical model for the simulation of flow over porous media. The model solves the unsteady one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation for the surface flow. The advection term in the momentum equation is solved using the Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) scheme which is of the third order accuracy. Averaged infiltration rate is estimated from the physical model experiment. The model is then used to simulate dam-break flow over porous bed and the result is verified against the experiment. The author found that the numerical model performed satisfactorily in terms of surface flow profile and the loss of total fluid volume through infiltration.
Effects of Riparian Vegetation on the Transport and Accumulation of Floating Objects in a Meandering River
Authors: Akihiko Nakayama , Goh Huan Tao , Chai Seak Ni
Published: November 2018

In order to study and understand the characteristics of transport and depositions of floating objects in real rivers, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method of real river flows with complex bathymetry, the riparian vegetation and the floating objects has been developed and applied to a meandering river in Perak, Malaysia. The movement and accumulation of floating objects are different for different sizes and the shapes of the objects. The vegetation that may exists on the bed and the banks also are seen to influence the positions where the objects are accumulated and deposited. The results can be used to control the increasing amount of solid objects washed into the rivers and to the ocean.
Behavioural Study of Shear Wall with Correlational to Bracing under Seismic Loading
Authors: Haider Syed Muhammad Bilal , Nizamani Zafarullah , Yip Chun Chieh
Published: November 2018

The reinforced concrete structures, not designed for seismic conditions, amid the past earthquakes have shown us the significance of assessment of the seismic limit state of the current structures. During seismic vibrations, every structure encountered seismic loads. Seismic vibrations in high rise building structure subjects horizontal and torsional deflections which consequently develop extensive reactions in the buildings. Subsequently, horizontal stiffness can produce firmness in the high rise structures and it resists all the horizontal and torsional movements of the building. Therefore, bracing and shear wall are the mainstream strategies for reinforcing the structures against their poor seismic behaviours. It is seen before that shear wall gives higher horizontal firmness to the structure when coupled with bracing however it will be another finding that in building model, which location is most suitable for shear wall and bracing to get better horizontal stability. In this study, a 15 story residential reinforced concrete building is assessed and analyzed using building code ACI 318-14 for bracing and shear wall placed at several different locations of the building model. The technique used for analysis is Equivalent Static Method by utilizing a design tool, finite element software named ETABS. The significant parameters examined are lateral displacement, base shear, story drift, and overturning moment.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Heel Plate Length on the Structural Integrity of Cold-formed Steel Roof Trusses
Authors: Gan Je Chenn , Lim Jee Hock , Lim Siong Kang , Lin Horng Sheng
Published: November 2018

Applications of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) are widely used in buildings, machinery and etc. Many researchers began the research of CFS as a roof truss system. It is required to increase the knowledge of the configurations of CFS roof trusses due to the uncertainty of the structural failures regarding the materials and rigidity of joints. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of heel plate length to the ultimate load capacity of CFS roof truss system. Three different lengths of heel plate specimens were fabricated and subjected to concentrated loads until failure. The highest ultimate capacity for the experiment was 30 kN. The results showed that the increment of the length of the heel plate had slightly increased the ultimate capacity and strain. The increment of the length of the heel plate had increased the deflection of the bottom chords but decreased the deflection of the top chords. Local buckling of top chords adjacent to the heel plate was the primary failure mode for all the heel plate specimens.
Pro-Environmental Behaviour in Travel Mode Choice of Graduate Students: Case Study in Jakarta
Authors: Lelono Ankiet D. , Herdiansyah Herdis , Darmajanti Linda , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Hasibuan Hayati S. , Dwipayana
Published: November 2018

Rapid urban growth requires an established and dynamic transportation system to connect places and facilitate economic, social, cultural and human political activities. The choice of public transportation is considered a pro-environmental behavior in regards to emissions mitigation, therefore leads to sustainability. This paper attempts to understand graduate students’ pro-environmental behavior in travel mode choice towards public transportation, and to observe correlation between socio-demographic factors and pro- environmental behavior. This research was conducted in University X in Jakarta with 82 respondents, analyzed in quantitative approach (SPSS) and mix method. Using Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this research concludes that attitude is the most dominant sub-variable of behavior, seen from correlation between attitude and subjective norm, intention, and respondents’ age. Subjective norms and intention has positive correlation, but no correlation to socio-demographics.
Structural characterization of the metamorphic basement from North Dobrogean Promontory (Romania) using geophysical well logging
Authors: Ciupercă Constantin-Laurian , Niculescu Bogdan Mihai , Popina Bogdan Marian
Published: November 2018

Metamorphic processes, leading to mineralogical and structural changes of the rocks in response to physical (pressure, temperature) and chemical conditions, can be associated with the development of sinmetamorphic or post-metamorphic fractures. The post-metamorphic ones are directly related to tectonic stress. In addition, tectonic stress may cause the reorientation of minerals on a direction perpendicular to the stress direction, generating foliations (schistosity). This paper presents a structural analysis of the pre-Alpine metamorphic basement and its relations with the sedimentary cover by using geophysical data recorded in an exploration well located in the North Dobrogean Promontory (Romania). The analysis was based on quad-combo wireline logs, spectral gamma ray, sonic cross-dipole and borehole electrical imaging data. The imaging analysis allowed the identification and characterization of metamorphic foliations, sedimentary bedding, natural fractures and the determination of tectonic stress orientation. A brittleness index was computed by means of elastic parameters derived from density and sonic compressional and shear logs. Also, a fracture intensity characterization by using fracture area per volume of rock was conducted. The integration of geophysical well loging with mud logging and drilling data allowed us to carry out a detailed analysis of the metamorphic basement in the studied area.
Rockburst hazard assessment based on seismic tomography and analytical modelling - a case study
Authors: Chlebowski Dariusz , Burtan Zbigniew
Published: November 2018

In accordance with the formal regulations currently in force in Poland, the criteria for rockburst hazard assessment with respect to coal deposits include the records of seismic events and their impacts, de-stressing of the entire seam or its parts and expert opinions of mine operation engineers. Effectiveness of the de-stressing can be verified by geophysical test data whilst the expert opinions are mostly based on mathematical modelling using specialist software or dedicated simulation algorithms. This study collates and synthesises the results of tests carried out in a seam section in a colliery within the Upper Silesia Coal Basin, obtained by the outlined methods. Geophysical survey results are interpreted basing on seismic tomography procedures utilising the geo-tomography techniques for velocity field reconstruction in data processing. For comparison, the stress state modelling data are provided, based on conventional engineering solutions applicable to mechanics of deformable media. The actual assessment of the rockburst threat level is based on observations of distributions of the longitudinal wave velocity in relation to the actual value of the vertical component of stress concentration within the coal seam.
Validation of Rock Testing Methods in Determination of Apparent Density
Authors: Hydzik-Wiśniewska Joanna , Olesiak Sebastian
Published: November 2018

Research on the physical properties of rock materials and aggregates used for construction should be based on standardized methods. Whereas scientific research is focused more on the development of new methods, testing and evaluation of new properties, etc. In case of own testing procedures and standardized but modified methods, they should be validated before being put into use. Validation is the confirmation of the ability to designate that method and tests its usefulness. In order to investigate the method's possibilities, the following assessment methods can be used: calibration or precision evaluation using reference standards or reference materials, systematic evaluation of factors affecting the result, resistance of the test method to variability of controlled parameters, comparison of test results obtained by various methods, inter-laboratory comparisons, and uncertainty of measurement. The paper presents mathematical formulas allowing to evaluate the precision of research methods and the consistency of results, which are the basis for validation of research methods. In the practical part of the article, own method of apparent density testing, was validated based on the analysis of repeatability, internal laboratory reproducibility and between laboratory reproducibility.
The effect of micro- and nanosilica on the soil permeability coefficient under cyclic freezing and thawing conditions
Authors: Zięba Zofia , Witek Kinga , Mońka Jakub
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the analysis of the permeability coefficient of frost-susceptible soil with microsilica (MS) and nanosilica (NS) addition. Tests were performed in a triaxial apparatus in three variants: on pure soil samples, on soil samples with a 5% MS and on soil samples with a 5% NS addition. Because of the frost-susceptible properties of analysed soil, the permeability coefficient was determined on unfrozen samples and on samples after 10 cycles of freezing and thawing. The preliminary test results demonstrated that both microsilica and nanosilica have beneficial properties related to subsoil sealing. These properties are considerably stronger for nanosilica. Also, in all cases, the permeability coefficient increased after 10 cycles of freezing and thawing, but the change trend remained the same. Nanosilica shows particularly good sealing properties in frost-susceptible soils. This confirms that it may be applied as a separate additive, which is not commonly used in engineering practice. Nano particles are usually used to extend the scope of micro additives’ influence. In order to recognise the beneficial influence of analysed additives on soil permeability, the recognition of the changes in microstructure is necessary.
European educational concept in environmentalnature- and climate protection to safeguard a cross border sustainable development
Authors: Tomaszewska Barbara , Kasztelewicz Aleksandra , Dendys Marta , Bujakowski Wiesław , Rahner Susanne , Hartmann Michael , Weinreich Jürgen
Published: November 2018

In cooperation of 5 partners from 4 counties (Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania), among them 1 public and 1 private university, 2 NGOs, 1 public research institute there are under realization concept to design a European educational in the ERASMUS Funding Scheme. The main objectives of the research are: 1) creation a curriculum concept with the participating countries in the professional advanced education area, in the topics: environmental -, nature-, and climate protection, 2) assessment of scope of realized research based on a research about existing furthering education programs, experiences, needs and requirements in the participating countries; 3) design of innovative training methods and combination of theoretical knowledge with practical key skills; 4) works in a complex environment that requires an interdisciplinary approach; 5) preparation of first test run of the course by exchanging potential trainers and trainees within the participating countries. The paper presents the research issues in the field of geoengineering and the use of renewable energy sources. The idea of the project is to open new chances on a futureoriented segment of the labor market for unemployed academic graduates, university dropouts and unemployed professionals, who have gained a multidisciplinary and yet very specific knowledge.
Technoeconomic analysis of shale gas gross split contract in Naintupo Formation, Tarakan Basin
Authors: Widyanita Wike , Saksono Nelson
Published: November 2018

The deficit of natural gas supply and demand could be minimized by discovering new reserves in conventional or unconventional reservoir. Shale gas potential in Indonesia was estimated 574 TCF and Naintupo Formation in Tarakan Basin had 5 TCF of technically recoverable reserve with 35 TCF risked gas-in-place. This study would discuss technoeconomic aspect of shale gas field development in Naintupo Formation, Tarakan Basin using gross split contract scheme. Three flow profiles would be developed by using Arps hyperbolic decline curves, consist of low flow profile with initial production (qi) of 150 mmcf/mo, medium (qi = 250 mmcf/mo) and high flow profile (qi = 350 mmcf/mo). Costs estimation were based on benchmarking cost of developed shale gas field in United States and nearby oil/gas field development in Tarakan Basin. Economic analysis showed that medium and high flow profile gave positive economic indicator marked by positive NPV and IRR>10%. Sensitivity analysis showed that flow profile gave more effect in NPV and IRR increased than the gas price. In order to develop positive NPV with discount rate of 10%, it is required to sell shale gas at $6.52/MMBTU in high flow profile or $8.42/MMBTU in medium flow profile.
Effect of direct air injection through anode in plasma electrolysis process for batik dye wastewater treatment
Authors: Saksono Nelson , Sukreni Tulus , Naibaho Apryani Lestari , Bismo Setijo
Published: November 2018

Plasma electrolysis has been proved have much higher effectivity in degrading complex pollutant contained in batik dye wastewater. This study aims to investigate the effect of gas bubbles with air injection of plasma electrolysis in decolorization process. A new method to form bubbles using injection of air directly through anode with a tiny hole of glass tube is proposed. This research work presents the effects of gas injection rates on various phenomena such as electrical power of discharge pulses, concentration of OH radicals, and the decolorization percentage of remazol red as the dye waste in a batch reactor system. Experimental results showed that direct injection of air through anode can reduce the required energy for plasma generation significantly compared to non gas injection. Energy consumption for discharge plasma was observed lowered at higher rates of gas injected. Optimum gas flow rate at different voltage has been evaluated based on the physical and chemical characteristics of plasma. At higher required energy due to higher operation voltage used, the required gas injection rate to effectively degrade the waste was found higher.
A Couple of Generator and Motor as Electric Transmission System of a Driving Shaft to Long Distance Driven Shaft
Authors: Iswanjono  , Lukiyanto Y.B. , Setyahandana Budi , Rines
Published: November 2018

Wind energy converter commonly converts wind power to shaft and electric power. One of the problems of transmitting shaft power is the limited distance between the driving to the driven shaft. This paper describes an experimental study of electrical transmission from driving to the driven shaft that was carried out on three modes of cable lines transmission. The driving shaft was attached to an electric generator that converts shaft r to electric power. The driven shaft was coupled by electric motor which reconverts the electric to shaft power. The generator and motor were BLDC and BDC permanent magnet electric machines. The distance of the driving to the driven shaft was 300 meters. The electric power was transmitted using wires. The wires consisted of 2 and 3 cables commonly used by peoples and sold in market place. The results showed that electric transmission mode on the experiment has important role on performance of shaft power to electric power conversion on driving generator and energy losses on cables transmission. DC on small wires electric transmission gave total efficiency of 16.2 %. DC on large wires electric transmission gave total efficiency of 32.9 %. AC on large wires electric transmission gave total efficiency of 36.4 %.
Analysis of the role of hole transport layer materials to the performance of perovskite solar cell
Authors: Dzikri Istighfari , Hariadi Michael , Purnamaningsih Retno Wigajatri , Poespawati Nji Raden
Published: November 2018

Research in solar cells is needed to maximize Indonesia’s vast solar potential that can reach up to 207.898 MW with an average radiation of 4.8 kWh/m2/day. Organometallic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained immense attention due to their rapid increase in efficiency and compatibility with low-cost fabrication methods. Understanding the role of hole transport layer is very important to obtain highly efficient PSCs. In this work, we studied the effect of Hole Transport Layer (HTL) to the performance of perovskite solar cell. The devices with HTL exhibit substantial increase in power conversion efficiency, open circuit voltage and short circuit current compared to the device without HTL. The best performing device is PSC with CuSCN as HTL layer, namely Voc of 0.24, Isc of 1.79 mA, 0.27 FF and efficiency of 0.09%.
A investigation of braking system actuators for electric shuttle bus
Authors: Prasetya Sonki , Adhitya Mohammad , Budiono Hendri DS , Sumarsono Danardono Agus
Published: November 2018

An electric bus is an environmentally friendly mass transportation. Commonly an electric bus uses standard air braking system with pneumatic cylinder for the main actuator. Nevertheless, this will consume the space allocation, greater weight as well as higher energy conversion loss. This study focuses on how to implement an electric braking system for electric bus application in order to overcome the problems above. There are steps to achieve the goal. A preliminary observation is conducted for an electric shuttle bus in Universitas Indonesia to obtain the pattern of braking system during period of journey. This data is then utilized to compare the energy consumption for this application. The result shows that electric actuator for braking system is a potential alternative prime mover for a braking system in a vehicle particularly in an electric bus. Substituting the conventional braking system actuator into the proposed one saves 2030 kWs energy, decreases weight into 90% from its conventional system and cuts 700080 cm3 space in the bus design. Therefore, the optimum component to be selected is the aim for the next work.
Analysis Corrected Performance Ratio on Photovoltaic Through Four Temperature Cell Model
Authors: Fajarin Rio Agustian , Setiawan Eko Adhi
Published: November 2018

To measure the performance of photovoltaic system, performance ratio is a common indicator to used. However, the performance ratio calculation is based on various methods to determine the value of photovoltaic temperature. The modelling used in this research is sandia, Ross and Smokler, Schott and Faiman modeling. Each model have different coefficient values from each others. Thus, each modelling has different performance ratio values that will be compared between others. From this comparison we will get the best modelling that closest to the real conditions.
Optimization of control performance on CO2 removal in subang field using model predictive control
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Wiranoto Yoga
Published: November 2018

A model predictive control (MPC) is used to optimize the control performance on CO2 removal in Subang Field. MPC is implemented to control the feed gas pressure (PIC-1101), amine flow rate (FIC-1102), and makeup water flowrate (FIC-1103) to maintain CO2 concentration in sweet gas. MPC is built using the first-order plus dead time (FOPDT) models. The control performance tests are used set point (SP) tracking and disturbance rejection with the performance indicator is the integral of square error (ISE). The result show that the optimum setting of prediction horizon (P), horizon (M) and Time Sampling (T) in MPC are 9 1, 32 and 1 on PIC-1101; 34, 10 and 5 on FIC-1102 and 40, 10 and 5 on FIC-1103. Based on ISE values, the use of MPC can improve performance for set point tracking by 14.02% in PIC-1101, 76.74% in FIC-1102, and 16.31% in FIC-1103, the use of MPC can improve performance for disturbance rejection by 19.32% in FIC-1102, and 91.57% in FIC-1103, compared with the proportional-integral (PI) controller that used in the field.
The utilization of solid waste treatment for charcoal making and water heating by continuous incineration
Authors: Pane Erlanda Augupta , Sukma Hendri , Tatak Arif Riyadi , Ismail
Published: November 2018

The utilization of solid waste incineration still has the low percentage, whereas the incineration can add the value of solid waste. This research conducted to analyse of solid waste incineration with methods that classified into two steps that are the analyse of requirement between solid waste and air supply to determine of mass and energy balance, and the pilot scale experiment to analyse the utilization of heat energy from solid waste incineration for charcoal making and water heating. The results show that the 12.5 kg solid waste mass request the 5.78 kg/h combustion rate to produce heat energy up to 134.4 kJ, where can transform 1 kg coconut shell to 500 g charcoal and increase the water temperature from 32°C to 62°C. The research will be continued with analyse of air supply for incineration process temperature increasing, which can determine the combustion rate that influences the heat energy product.
Creative and innovative products material floor from shellfish (anadara grandis) waste
Authors: Kadir Ishak , Faslih Arman , Umar Muhammad Zakaria
Published: November 2018

The potential wealth of marine resources such as marine fisheries resources is owned by Indonesia. The wealth of marine resources has not been utilized and managed optimally. Today, there are many businesses driven in various fields. The business of building floor crafts from sea shells (anadara grandis) can be pioneered into one form of business. Buton Regency is an archipelago, more than 80% of its territory consists of sea. During this time, shellfish cultivated by fishermen only used the meat, while the shell removed and became waste. This research aims to utilize shell waste into floor material. The method used in this research was exploration method. The data began with the selection of materials, work tools, and stages of manufacture. Information from various sources is captured and interpreted into a creative idea. The process of analysis was done qualitatively, so it was obtained and raised the shape of the floor. This study concludes that the use of waste shellfish shells into composite floor material is done in three stages. In the first stage, prepared work tools such as glass molds, measuring cups, stirring spoons, brushes, flooring boards, measuring tools, hammers, cutter knives, sandpaper and plastic. The second stage is prepared work materials such as shells, hardener, resin oil, and mirror glass. The third stage is made of floor like shell stage filled with resin oil; The printed floor stage is like smearing a glass mirror on the mold, the resin oil is mixed with hardener, the composite mixture is poured into the mold, the shells are placed in the mold, the shells are poured again with resin oil, and hardener; Stage of removing from glass mold and; finally the floor is given the ballast.
The use of low grade bio ethanol as fuel mixer in gasoline engine with optimization compact distillator
Authors: Yamin Iqbal , Sugiarto Bambang , Abikusna Setia , Suntoro Dedi
Published: November 2018

Limited fossil energy resources need to encourage renewable energy development and energy conservation it is called green energy development. One of the alternative energy sources used are bioethanol, from low grade is converted into high grade through distillation process with distillator compact that will be used as a mixture of gasoline. Tests compact distillator consisting of evaporator Indonesia Kampus, separator, and condenser by utilizing exhaust gas to heat distillator already filled with low grade bioethanol, so the heat transfer occurs on the surface of the exhaust into the evaporator chamber. In the evaporator will transform ethanol into the vapor phase. Ethanol vapor flows into the separator, with a mechanism in it is expected that water vapor will evaporate participate separately with ethanol vapor. Ethanol vapors from this distillation will flow to the condenser and will be turned into liquid, the liquid is as high grade bioethanol would be the fuel mixing gasoline. In early studies, distillation rate was 98.5 ml/h with 67% ethanol content. Optimization compact distillator is done by adding the valve at the evaporator branch. When heat has reached 80°C exhaust gas flow to the evaporator chamber is closed. As a result, the heat from the evaporator can be detained and not rise significantly. Further optimization is to change the design of the separator through theoretical and empirical calculations with some assumptions based on the rule of thumb in the field of distillation, adding insulation to reduce heat leakage, as well as varying the feed volume and feed concentrate ethanol. In the end, based on the parameters of the distillation rate and ethanol concentrate, compact distillator with distances between tray 100 mm, volume 800 ml, engine speed 5.400 rpm can produce distillation rate of 274.3 ml/hr and ethanol concentrate of 88.97%.
Effect of aeration in simple photobioreactor system for biomass production of synechococcus sp. (cyanobacteria) HS-7 and HS-9 as biofuel feedstock
Authors: Ardiansyah Sulthan Rafii , Orlando Aliff Muhammad , Rahman Arif , Prihantini Nining Betawati , Nasruddin
Published: November 2018

People have been searching toward to biofuel as a prominent alternative to replace oil fuel. Microalgae biomass, specifically from the genus Synechococcus, has been used as the biofuel’s feedstock as it’s able to grow faster than the other groups at cyanobacteria. Strains being used were isolated from Ciseeng hot spring (HS-7) and Rawa Danau Banten hot spring (HS-9). The intensity of aeration (IA) were given as high (330 bubbles/min) and low (220 bubbles/min) to understand its influence on feedstock growth. Change in growth was observed microscopically using direct methods over fourteen days. At the end of the experiment, result demonstrate that high IA gaves rise to Synechococcus biomass density at 125,21 × 106 cell/ml and 100,63 × 106 cell/ml for HS-7 & HS-9 respectively. Meanwhile, low IA gaves rise to Synechococcus biomass density at 21,7 × 106 cell/ml and 10,61 × 106 cell/ml for HS-7 & HS-9 accordingly. Positive trend also follows the growth at Synechococcus biomass with high IA, but did not apply to the system with low IA. The difference in biomass production occurred because of discrepancies in cell and nutrient distribution inside the photobioreactor system. Therefore, it implies that proper controlling of IA would affect the yielding of feedstock for producing biofuels.