bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Viscoelastic Temperature and Pressure Shift Factor Over the Full Range of Shear Rates**
Authors: Kühnle H.
Published: March 2022

A method of determining uniquely the best fitting temperature shift parameters of viscosimetric data over the full range of shear rates, based on the Carreau formula, has been presented in Part I. The method is in accordance with the temperature-time superposition principle of viscoelasticity and works fully numerically, thus providing an objective approximation criterion with optimal compensation of scatter and dispensing with any visual control at all, and includes, if necessary, the Rabinowitsch and Bagley corrections. Evaluations of this kind have been carried out for a multitude of old and new measurements of current types of thermoplastics (PE, PP, PS, PA, PC, PMMA, etc.), for which capillaries as well as rotational systems had been employed. In this way, a comprehensive viscosity data bank is built up containing a 5 or 6-parameter set for each material as a compact information about its flow behaviour and serving as a valuable means for numerical process analyses. At the same time, the usual shift formulas (Arrhenius, WLF, etc.) are compared in respect of their applicability and the typical parameter ranges are marked out. Some attention is given to the physical meaning of the material parameters. Part II deals with the validity of the temperature shift principle in general, the incorporation of correction procedures and the evaluation of the pressure dependence of the viscosity.
Fiber Spinning with Molecular Models
Authors: Chen Z. , Papanastosiou A. C.
Published: March 2022

The isothermal fiber spinning of ciscoelastic liquid is analyzed successfully by means of the Curtiss-Bird integral constitutive equation derived from molecular theory, Glaerkin/finite element method, and Newton iteration. The analysis accounts for shear and elongational prehistories, and specified draw ratio or drawing force. Solutions are obtained at high values of elasticity, draw ratio and drawing force. The predictions agree with the analytic solution for Newtonian liquid in the limit of zero relaxation time and with experimental data from the literature on spinning of polystyrene and polypropylene melts.
Real-time Diagnosis of Micro Powder Injection Molding Using Integrated Ultrasonic Sensors
Authors: Cheng C.-C. , Ono Y. , Whiteside B. D. , Brown E. C. , Jen C.-K. , Coates P. D.
Published: March 2022

Real-time diagnostics of ceramic powder injection molding using a commercial micromolding machine was performed using ultrasound. Miniature ultrasonic sensors were integrated onto the mold insert. Melt front, solidification, temperature variation and part detachment of the feedstock inside the mold cavity were observed. It has been demonstrated that ultrasonic velocity in feedstock inside the mold cavity, the ultrasonic contact duration during which the part and mold are in contact, and holding pressure can be used to assist with optimization of injection and cooling parameters to minimize energy consumption and maximize process efficiency.
The battle about the box: competition as the main factor behind the choice for resting sites of hazel dormice
Authors: Lang Johannes , Bräsel Nicolle , Beer Sarah M. , Lanz Johann D. , Leonhardt Ines , Büchner Sven
Published: March 2022

Nest boxes and nest tubes are widely used to survey and monitor hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius). A two-year study was conducted in order to compare the performance of the two devices. In one year hazel dormice clearly preferred nest tubes over nest boxes but preferred nest boxes over nest tubes in the other year. The preference for one or other device was mainly influenced by competition for nest boxes with Apodemus mice, which preferred nest boxes over nest tubes during one year when they were abundant. This has to be considered when comparing performance of methods.
Dual effect of maleic anhydride and gamma radiation on properties of EPDM/microcrystalline newsprint fiber composites
Authors: Ali Magdy A. M. , El-Nemr Khaled F. , El-Sabbagh Salwa H. , Bekhit Mohamad
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation, concentration of microcrystalline newsprint fibers (MNF) and maleic anhydride as coupling agent for treating microcrystalline newsprint fibers (MA–MNF) on the mechanical and thermal properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber matrix (EPDM). Maleic anhydride (MA) was used at a different ratios (5, 10, and 15 wt% according to the MNF). The EPDM/MA–MNF composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results confirm the adhesion between MA–MNF and EPDM rubber matrix in presence of radiation. EPDM/MA–MNF composites have achieved higher mechanical properties than EPDM rubber matrix and EPDM/MNF composites. EPDM composites containing MNF that treated with 15% MA and gamma irradiated at 80 kGy have the highest tensile strength, tensile modulus at 100% strain, crosslink density and thermal stability over all other composites.
Effect of Duxseal on Horizontal Stress and Soil Stiffness in Small-Amplitude Dynamic Centrifuge Models
Authors: Cui Ge , Heron Charles , Marshall Alec
Published: March 2022

The constitutive behavior of soil is stress dependent. Therefore, geotechnical centrifuges are widely used to replicate full-scale stress fields, thereby ensuring the correct soil response within reduced-scale centrifuge models. A vibration-absorbing material (such as Duxseal) is commonly employed to reduce the effect of reflected waves generated at the boundaries of rigid containers in dynamic centrifuge tests. However, such a material has the potential to deform laterally under the high horizontal stresses applied within centrifuge tests and consequently the initial at-rest lateral earth pressure condition will not be maintained. A procedure to back-calculate the lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) is presented in this paper. In addition, two experimental methods that are implemented to evaluate K by measuring the shear wave velocity from centrifuge-based air hammer testing and triaxial-based bender element testing are described. Results demonstrate that significant lateral earth pressure and soil stiffness reductions are observed within the upper soil region (top third of the model depth). In addition, the appropriate manipulation of the cross-correlation method used to process shear wave signals is discussed and an empirical equation to predict the small-strain shear modulus of the dry silica sand (HST95 Congleton sand) used in this study is provided. Outcomes of this study are directly applicable to small-amplitude dynamic centrifuge tests such as ground-borne vibrations; some factors relating to large-amplitude seismic studies, such as soil inertial effects and higher shear strains, are not considered.
Borderline Personality Disorder: Clinical Guidelines for Treatment
Authors: Stone Michael H.
Published: March 2022

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is fundamentally a syndrome composed of symptoms (primarily of emotional dysregulation) and a number of true personality traits (such as inordinate anger, impulsivity, and a tendency to stress-related paranoid ideation). Whereas schizotypal personality disorder, with its cognitive peculiarities (ideas of reference, odd beliefs, eccentric speech), is closely linked as a genetic condition—”borderline” to the major condition schizophrenia—BPD is less closely linked to bipolar disorder. Some cases of BPD are linked genetically to and are in the “border” of bipolar disorder. But the condition can also arise from adverse post-natal factors: parental cruelty or neglect, or incest. In some BPD patients, both are present: risk genes for bipolar disorder and adverse conditions within the family. The genetic risk is often overlooked. To avoid this, initial evaluations should always include a careful and extensive family history for mood disorders, and should extend out to grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Where the history suggests a genetic link to bipolar disorder, a mood stabilizer such as lithium or lamotrigine, even in modest doses, may be particularly beneficial, more so than conventional antidepressants. In some patients, ADHD was present in childhood, BPD was diagnosed during or after puberty, and a form of bipolar disorder becomes apparent during their 20s.

As for the psychotherapeutic component, the patient's cognitive style and capacity for introspection will help determine whether a primarily expressive (psychoanalytically oriented) technique is preferable or a primarily cognitive-behavioral technique. Flexibility is necessary, since during emotional crises, supportive and limit-setting interventions will be needed, along with psychotropic medications, and where necessary, programs to help combat substance abuse (which is common among patients with BPD).
Colorblind Racism and Market-Based Development
Authors: Niles Skye
Published: March 2022

Over the past two decades, the range of efforts to address global poverty and development has expanded dramatically. Yet, many of these approaches foreground market-based development and extend harmful neoliberal practices. Scholars have critiqued these practices for expanding capitalism to new realms, while others are more optimistic about the potential benefits of markets. In this study, I add a racial analysis to this conversation, arguing that colorblind racism plays a key role in justifying market-based development practices and obscuring enduring racial inequalities in development. I focus on a growing subfield of development—development engineering education—to demonstrate how colorblind racism informs students’ and practitioners’ approaches to development. Through interviews and observations of two development engineering programs and affiliated development organizations, I found that students and practitioners employed colorblind frameworks to legitimize market-based development, embracing the market as a seemingly race-neutral mechanism, in contrast to the overt racism that they connected to development aid. This research shows that to understand the popularity of neoliberal approaches to development, it is necessary to attend to how colorblind racism lends support to market-based practices. Further, this study illustrates the need to address multiple and mutating forms of racism in development.
Nepal’s Post-Earthquake Development Surge
Authors: Fehr Tracy
Published: March 2022

This article expands the sociology of development literature by unpacking how the influx of hundreds of NGOs and INGOs following Nepal’s 2015 earthquakes operated as an unprecedented “post-disaster development surge.” Reframing reconstruction as development renders visible the linkages, continuations, and ruptures between the post-earthquake reconstruction and the existing development paradigm in Nepal. This study draws on qualitative research conducted in two districts severely affected by the earthquakes to examine the local unintended consequences of reconstruction through a critical development lens. I find that post-earthquake reconstruction in Nepal was embedded within broader historical, political, cultural, and social relations of development that significantly shaped the reconstruction process and its unintended outcomes. The research suggests that Nepal’s post-earthquake development surge produced two paradoxical effects at the local level: it accentuated practices and scales of power previously defined by development, and it catalyzed shifting expectations and furthered the questioning of prevailing development doxa. These findings provide key insights to inform future post-disaster reconstruction efforts and mitigate unintended consequences at the local level.
Establishing a baseline to monitor future climate-change-effects on peripheral populations of Abies alba (Mill.) in central Apennines
Authors: Ducci Fulvio , De Rogatis Anna , Proietti Roberta , Curtu Alexandru Lucian , Marchi Maurizio , Belletti Piero
Published: March 2022

Understanding tree species responses to climate change is crucial for preserving biodiversity especially in Southern Europe hot spots where Abies alba is widely spread. Three Apennine silver fir populations, Pigelleto (PIG), La Verna (LV) and Bocca Trabaria (BT), ensured gene flows in interglacial periods between the two phylogenetically different groups of northern and southern Apennines. These stands were analysed (nuclear and chloroplast SSRs) with the aim to establish a baseline for their future management in view of the expected changes. The three forests were tested for the Centre-Periphery Hypothesis (CPH) compared to forty-five Italian populations. At the same time, permanent areas were surveyed within LV and PIG on dominant (a) and dominated or natural regeneration (r) tree layers, and on age classes. In two consecutive years, spring cambial phenology activity was also weekly monitored on microcores, and critical phenology dates recorded. The stands matched CPH only partially, showing different phylogenetic history and their bridging between northern and southern groups of silver fir populations was confirmed. LV was distinct from PIG and BT. The within-population variance component was significantly high, and no narrow relatedness was observed between dominant and dominated/regeneration spatially closer trees, and genetic parameters were comparable in both layers at LV and PIG. In both stands, older age classes ensured natural regeneration. Cambium phenology was highly variable within populations, consistently to other Mediterranean conifers, and highly sensitive to local and year’s conditions and monitoring will improve population’s adaptive capacity detection. Shelterwood-system silvicultural treatments are suggested on small areas to drive the demographic and panmictic balance towards an uneven-aged more resilient structure, and iterated monitoring will help to adapt the forest management to the isotherm shift.
A new method to prepare oil adsorbent utilizing waste paper and its application for oil spill clean-ups
Authors: Liu Jiapei , Wang Xiwen
Published: March 2022

A cellulose-based oil adsorbent was developed utilizing the waste paper PS-16 (mixed kraft cuttings) via a simple modification process. Through mechanical treatment and spray with polyethylene wax and alkyl ketene dimer, it was found that the product was significantly more hydrophobic than the raw material, with a water contact angle of 125.6°. The capability of the product to absorb engine oil, kerosene, and xylene was studied and compared with other cellulose-based adsorbents. The adsorbent had an excellent performance with a high absorbing ability of 16 to 28 times its own weight. Up to 92.8% of the oil in the adsorbents could be easily recycled and collected by manual squeezing. The adsorbent could be reused over eight cycles, and the sorption capacity remained constant. Therefore, this adsorbent is expected to be a promising oil sorbent for potential applications like oil spill clean-ups.
Impact of Cell-Free Next-Generation Sequencing on Management of Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia
Authors: Dworsky Zephyr D. , Lee Begem , Ramchandar Nanda , Rungvivatjarus Tiranun , Coufal Nicole G. , Bradley John S.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common in pediatrics. More severe complicated CAP (cCAP) requires broad-spectrum empirical therapy. Cell-free plasma next-generation sequencing (cfNGS), a DNA-based diagnostic tool, could be used to guide therapy. We retrospectively compared the pathogen identification rate of cfNGS to that of standard culture methods and assessed the impact of cfNGS on antibiotic therapy in children hospitalized for cCAP.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective review of children aged 3 months to 18 years hospitalized for cCAP with cfNGS results from January 24, 2018, to December 31, 2020. We compared the positivity rate of conventional microbiologic diagnostic testing with that of cfNGS and the impact on clinical management, including changes in antibiotic therapy.

RESULTS

We identified 46 hospitalized children with cCAP with cfNGS results. Of these children, 34 also had blood cultures (1 positive for pathogen; 3%) and 37 had pleural fluid cultures (10 positive for pathogen; 27%). Of the 46 children, positive cfNGS testing results were positive for pathogen in 45 (98%), with the causative pathogen identified in 41 (89%). cfNGS was the only method for pathogen identification in 32 children (70%). cfNGS results changed management in 36 (78%) of 46 children, with the antibiotic spectrum narrowed in 29 (81%).

CONCLUSIONS

cfNGS provided a higher diagnostic yield in our pediatric cCAP cohort compared with conventional diagnostic testing and affected management in 78% of children. Prospective studies are needed to better characterize the clinical outcome, cost-effectiveness, and antimicrobial stewardship benefits of cfNGS in pediatric cCAP.
Child Opportunity Index and Changes in Pediatric Acute Care Utilization in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fritz Cristin Q. , Fleegler Eric W. , DeSouza Heidi , Richardson Troy , Kaiser Sunitha V. , Sills Marion R. , Cooper Jennifer N. , Parikh Kavita , Puls Henry T. , DeLaroche Amy M. , Hogan Alex H. , Pantell Matthew S. , Kornblith Aaron E. , Heller Kayla R. , Bigham Michael T. , Goyal Monika
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Pediatric acute care utilization decreased dramatically during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the association between the Child Opportunity Index (COI), a multidimensional neighborhood measure of childhood opportunity, and changes in acute care utilization at US pediatric hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous 3 years.

METHODS

This observational study used administrative data across 41 US-based pediatric hospitals. Children aged 0 to 17 years with emergency department (ED) encounters during the study period were included. The COVID-19 pandemic time period (March 15, 2020–March 14, 2021) was the primary exposure. The primary outcome was the relative volume drop in ED encounters and observation/inpatient admissions through the ED by COI quintile.

RESULTS

Of 12 138 750 encounters, 3 705 320 (30.5%) were among the very low COI quintile. Overall, there was a 46.8% relative volume reduction in the pandemic period compared with the prepandmic period. This drop in volume occurred disproportionately among the very low COI quintile (51.1%) compared with the very high COI quintile (42.8%). The majority of clinical diagnosis groups demonstrated larger relative volume drops among the very low COI quintile.

CONCLUSIONS

Acute care utilization decreased the most among children from very low COI neighborhoods, narrowing previously described acute care utilization disparities. Additional study of patient perspectives on health care needs and access during this period is required to understand these changes.
PRESENCE OF AN ENDANGERED ENDEMIC PRIMATE IN AN EVER-CHANGING LANDSCAPE IN THE EASTERN PLAINS OF COLOMBIA
Authors: Ortiz-Moreno Martha Lucia , Rojas Nathaly , Aguilar Lina , Lopes Luciano Elsinor , A. Ferreira Patricia , Carretero-Pinzón Xyomara , R. Pires José Salatiel
Published: March 2022

Plecturocebus ornatus is an endemic vulnerable species due to its population decline and its restricted range within the Eastern Plains of Colombia. This region is affected by deforestation as a result of legal and illegal economic activities. The aim of this work was to analyze the presence and abundance of P. ornatus during a period of urban and livestock production expansion (1986-2019) in Villavicencio, Colombia. This municipality is the most affected by land-use changes associated with regional economic development and represents 3.4 % of P. ornatus distribution’s area. The analysis was performed using satellite images Landsat 4 and 8, with V-Late in ArcGIS 10.5 to describe landscape structure, and P. ornatus occurrence records, obtained through field observations and the Global Biological Information Facility. Densities were calculated for each fragment based on total individuals observed by transect. A generalized lineal model was used to evaluate the effects of patch-scale, landscape-scale and other variables on P. ornatus abundance. By 1986 the rural and peri-urban areas of Villavicencio were already a transformed landscape. During the analyzed period, landscape was predominantly made up of disconnected linear fragments with a secondary humid forest cover. Around 82.1 % of the fragments with P. ornatus records are threatened by urbanization and only 50 % are in protected areas. Densities varied from 0.00 to 7.26 ind/ha (0.00–726.82 ind/km2). Abundance of P. ornatus was highly influenced by landscape-scale variables related with landscape connectivity, as well as fragment area and number of other primate species. Therefore, the implementation of restoration measures that increase landscape connectivity and habitat availability is proposed, as well as more control over environmental land-use planning, to contribute to the conservation of P. ornatus in urban areas.
El lugar de la Amazonia en los libros de texto de historia en Brasil: sobre historia, narrativa y enseñanza
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo
Published: March 2022

El artículo propone analizar cómo se representa la Amazonia brasileña en los libros de texto de historia de los últimos cursos de educación primaria, aprobados por el Programa Nacional de Libros de Texto (PNLD) 2020. Con este fin, se seleccionaron 40 libros publicados en 10 colecciones que compiten como opción para la adquisición de los libros de texto que serán utilizados por miles de estudiantes y profesores que trabajan en el sistema público de enseñanza. Los análisis muestran una narrativa que presenta a la Amazonia habitada por personas sin nombre, representada de manera generalizada y asociada a los tiempos de la aparición de los primeros habitantes en las Américas y a la época de la colonización portuguesa.
Currículo, cultura e conhecimento: concepções e inferências
Authors: Aguiar Alcântara Neves Rejane , Roque Fernandes Natal Lânia , Ribeiro Feitosa Lima Patricia
Published: March 2022

O objetivo  deste artigo é refletir sobre as relações entre currículo, cultura e conhecimento, a fim de compreender os lugares que ocupam no campo dos estudos curriculares e nas discussões de teóricos que se debruçam sobre as implicações dessa relação para o fazer pedagógico. As teorias elaboradas sobre currículo têm discutido o currículo, a cultura e o conhecimento de acordo com o contexto histórico e de diferentes perspectivas. Os estudos culturais possibilitaram às teorizações curriculares uma concepção de conhecimento e de currículo como campos culturais sensíveis às relações de poder. Consideramos que não há possibilidades do currículo escolar existir sem influências dos processos culturais presentes nos contextos em que ele é vivenciado. Na prática, a relação conhecimento e cultura perpassa por todas as linearidades que o currículo possa apresentar, como por exemplo: base comum, parte diversificada e a prática cotidiana em sala de aula.
Protein Kinase A Downregulation Delays the Development and Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Jiang Li , Thao Ka , Sussman Caroline R. , LaBranche Timothy , Palmer Michael , Harris Peter C. , McKnight G. Stanley , Hoeflich Klaus P. , Schalm Stefanie , Torres Vicente E.
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement

The only treatment approved for PKD inhibits production of cAMP, the main PKA activator. It is only partially effective, likely because side effects restrict dosing and because other sources of cAMP and mechanisms of cAMP-independent PKA activation exist. Which PKA isozyme(s) promotes PKD is uncertain and selective PKA inhibitors usable in vivo have not been available. Experiments in a mouse model show PKA-I is the main PKA isozyme promoting cystogenesis and that constitutive PKA-I downregulation and a novel, highly selective PKA inhibitor ameliorate PKD. The dose of PKA inhibitor used had no detectable adverse effects. This information provides a strong rationale for a strategy that may be more effective, or substantially increase the efficacy of the currently approved treatment.

Background

Upregulation of cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent PKA signaling is thought to promote cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKA-I regulatory subunit RIα is increased in kidneys of orthologous mouse models. Kidney-specific knockout of RIα upregulates PKA activity, induces cystic disease in wild-type mice, and aggravates it in Pkd1
RC/RC mice.

Methods

PKA-I activation or inhibition was compared with EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition using Pkd1
RC/RC metanephric organ cultures. The effect of constitutive PKA (preferentially PKA-I) downregulation in vivo was ascertained by kidney-specific expression of a dominant negative RIαB allele in Pkd1
RC/RC mice obtained by crossing Prkar1α
R1αB/WT, Pkd1RC/RC
, and Pkhd1-Cre mice (C57BL/6 background). The effect of pharmacologic PKA inhibition using a novel, selective PRKACA inhibitor (BLU2864) was tested in mIMCD3 3D cultures, metanephric organ cultures, and Pkd1RC/RC
mice on a C57BL/6 × 129S6/Sv F1 background. Mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age.

Results

PKA-I activation promoted and inhibition prevented ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition had no or only minor effects. BLU2864 inhibited in vitro mIMCD3 cystogenesis and ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. Genetic downregulation of PKA activity and BLU2864 directly and/or indirectly inhibited many pro-proliferative pathways and were both protective in vivo. BLU2864 had no detectable on- or off-target adverse effects.

Conclusions

PKA-I is the main PKA isozyme promoting cystogenesis. Direct PKA inhibition may be an effective strategy to treat PKD and other conditions where PKA signaling is upregulated. By acting directly on PKA, the inhibition may be more effective than or substantially increase the efficacy of treatments that only affect PKA activity by lowering cAMP.
Mediating Effects of Depression on Relationships between Nutritional Status and Quality of Life among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nho Ju-Hee , Kim Eun Jin
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Nutritional status and depression are major factors that affect older adults’ quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of depression on the relationship between nutritional status and physical and mental QoL in older adults and to provide a foundation for developing an effective nursing intervention program to improve QoL.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, correlational study. A convenience sample of 154 older adults was recruited from J Province, South Korea, between December 2019 and August 2020. Data were analyzed using PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval for the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program.Results: QoL positively correlated with nutritional status and negatively correlated with depression. After controlling for general covariates, depression partially mediated the relationship between nutritional status and QoL in older adults (physical QoL [Effect=0.41, 95% CI=0.08~0.81], mental QoL [Effect=0.38, 95% CI=0.04~0.79]).Conclusion: Health promotion strategies are needed for older adults with poor nutritional status and high levels of depression. Additionally, nutritional status and depression in older adults affect QoL, with depression affecting QoL through nutritional status as a mediator. Therefore, interventions to improve the nutritional status and reduce depression among older adults must be developed and implemented.
Positive Changes in Caregiving Experiences of Family Caregivers for Long-Term Care Recipients after a Family Counseling Support Program
Authors: Han Eun-Jeong , Park Myonghwa , Jung Jihye
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of a family counseling program on the family caregivers of long-term care (LTC) recipients after one-year follow-up.Methods: This work was designed as a descriptive qualitative study using focus group interviews to explore the caregiving experience of the family caregivers.Results: The long-term effects of the counseling programs were categorized into five themes: (1) improved caregiving competence, (2) positively-changed caregiving experience, (3) increased social connection, (4) delayed LTC institutionalization, and (5) expecting for continued support.Conclusion: The family counseling program was proved to be effective in the long term through this study. The program should be maintained to sustain the positive effects of the counseling program and also respond to the expectations of the participants.
Comparison of Utilized Resource Volumes by Grade of Seniors in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Han Eun-Jeong , Lee Seonhwa , Hwang Rahil
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the time of care services provided by nurses, nursing assistants, care workers, physical therapists, and social workers during a 24-hour-period and the volume of resource utilization for residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities.Methods: We measured the providers' service time supplied to 3,295 residents in 32 LTC facilities. The utilization of resources each service facility provided was analyzed considering the services’ difficulty levels and providers’ wages.Results: The higher the long-term care grade, the longer the provider's service time and the greater the resource utilization. This phenomenon did not appear in the cognitive assistant grader. The service hours provided for the cognitive assistant graders were longer than those in grades 4 and 5, and longer than in long-term care eligibility points about the classification system. Compared to the long-term care eligibility points, the used resource volumes of excretion support, managing behavioral symptoms, and indirect services increased in all grades but, the used resource volumes of nursing treatment time decreased.Conclusion: It is necessary to discuss measures to raise the grade in the cognitive assistance grader with mild dementia. Additional research on the cause of the decrease in nursing treatment time for residents in LTC facilities and measures to satisfy nursing needs is necessary.
[RETRACTED] Clinical CBD Gummies Reviews - How Gummy Bears Works? v1
Authors: not provided clinicalgummiesrviews
Published: March 2022

[RETRACTED]

Clinical CBD Gummies Reviews - How Gummy Bears Works?
Affordances and Common Grounds in Buyer-Seller Interactions
Authors: Ikegwuonu Christiana Ngozi , Ndibe Princess Ngozi
Published: March 2022

This study examines the interactions between buyers and sellers in the market setting using the common ground theoretical framework. From the existing literature, it is observed that no research work has examined the above subject matter in the Igbo language using the above mentioned theoretical framework. This is the lacuna in the literature that this study intends to address. The specific objective is to explore the interactions between presuppositions, stages of understanding an utterance and reception strategies in buyer-seller interactions during haggling. Ten interactions were recorded and three of them were sampled in this study. The data were analyzed using the common ground theory. The findings of the study reveal that both the seller and buyer often have the generic structure of buyer-seller interactions in their subconscious, which they put into practice when they engage in market discourse. Also, the buyers and sellers update their personal or emergent common ground as they negotiate meaning during interactions. Furthermore, as the result of the common ground shared by the buyer and the seller, they interpret every utterance based on the affordances of a speech event in a market setting where a buyer is under no obligation to buy after haggling nor is the seller obligated to sell. It also discovers that presupposition is at the heart of grounding because at every interactive turn, a speaker believes that the addressee understands his/ her intentions.  The researcher recommends further research on the pragmatic implications for the use of multiple codes during buyer-seller interactions in Igbo land.
Contrastive Analysis of Arabic-English Translation of Legal Texts
Authors: Jabak Omar Osman
Published: March 2022

The present study aims to provide a contrastive analysis of Arabic-English translation of ten legal texts with an eye to evaluating the accuracy of the translation.  The researcher collected the data from El-Farahaty’s (2015) Arabic–English–Arabic Legal Translation. A contrastive analysis was developed to assess the accuracy of the translation of the legal texts selected. The examination of the source legal texts and the translations provided either by the authoress of the book herself or the sources from which she collected them revealed serious errors such as overtranslation, omission of translating important words in the source texts, wrong choice of equivalents in the target language, gloss translation, punctuation mistakes in the target texts and grammatical mistakes in the target texts. Further research on the assessment of Arabic-English translation of legal texts is required to encourage professional legal translators and scholars to approach legal translation more professionally and responsibly.
Racial Discrimination Experienced by Black People as Reflected in Langston Hughes's Poems
Authors: Mutmainnah  , Arafah Burhanuddin , Pattu Amir
Published: March 2022

This study aims to describe the racial discrimination from white people against black people that was formerly a slave by analyzing Langston Hughes' poems; I, Too, To the Black Beloved, The White Ones, and My Beloved. Presentation of racial discrimination can be seen from the act of prejudice, insulting, words used, and the act of suppression to the black people. These poems represent the poet's feeling of social phenomena that happened. The data were analyzed utilizing the new historicism theory, enriched by historical text, socio-cultural, and political information during slavery. This study is a qualitative descriptive method using the new historicism approach to explain the racial discrimination experienced in Langston Hughes' poems. The result showed that Langston Hughes reflects the phenomena of racial discrimination through his poems, such as slave, victim, nigger, torture, darker brother, and not beautiful in his poems. Langston Hughes in his poetry concludes that black discrimination is treated badly; they eat in the kitchen, they are not beautiful, children's happiness is tarnished, and racial discrimination is inhumane.
Subtitle Translation of American Sitcom The Big Bang Theory From the Perspective of Eco-Translatology
Authors: Cao Jing , Mansor Nor Shahila Binti , Ang Lay Hoon , Ujum Diana Abu
Published: March 2022

Eco-translatology is a theory of translation put forward by Professor Hu Genshen, which regards translation as a process of “selective adaptation” and “adaptive selection”. The popularity of American TV dramas has aroused a huge demand for subtitle translation, resulting in the rapid growth of subtitle translation by fansub groups and increasing enthusiasm for subtitle translation studies in China. While there is no accordant idea about the understanding of subtitle translation of TV dramas on the internet translated by fansub groups. Based on the theoretical framework of Eco-translatology theory, this study examines the subtitle translation of The Big Bang Theory to analyze translators’ “selection” and “adaptation” on linguistic, cultural, and communicative dimensions. It also pays attention to the inappropriate selection of translation techniques made by the fansub groups. The analysis shows that in the translation process of The Big Bang Theory’s subtitles, the translators adopted various translation techniques which include the applications of buzzwords, Chinese idioms, annotations, and free translation to implement adaptive selection in linguistic, cultural, and communicative dimensions. And the fansub groups make some inappropriate selections as abusing the Chinese dialect in translation. These findings attempt to provide a reference for subtitle translation of American TV dramas available on the internet, as well as evidence of the explanatory power of Eco-translatology theory in subtitle translation studies, in order to supplement a new perspective on subtitle translation and more attention on this developing translation theory.
Bridging the Curriculum Divide: A Proposal for Expressive Writing in World Language Content Courses
Authors: Langley Elizabeth C.
Published: March 2022

In 2007, the Modern Language Association (MLA) called for significant changes to world language programs due to a curricular bifurcation between basic language courses and upper-division content courses. Although significant inroads have been made in the last 14 years, the two-tiered curriculum structure still exists in many programs, and the urgency for curricular coherence has been heightened by a dwindling number of language majors coupled with institutional disinvestment in language departments. In practice, when language programs have not undergone a significant redesign, the general remedy for this divide is to include more authentic content in the target language in lower-level courses and to provide opportunities to continue to develop the full range of linguistic skills in upper-level content courses. In this proposal, I enter the conversation surrounding the curriculum divide in language programs and recommend a supplementary approach to previous solutions. I explore the advantages and disadvantages of expressive writing in advanced language courses and propose that including expressive writing assignments in world language content courses will help bridge the divide between lower-level and upper-level curricula. More specifically, I argue that expressive writing encourages students to continue to develop their voice from lower-level courses, to activate their background knowledge and facilitate reflection on course content, and to develop their linguistic skills in lower-stakes writing assignments. I also offer suggestions for adaptable, expressive assignment types for advanced language content courses.
Counterfeit Reality of Egalitarianism With Reference to Manju Kapur’s Brothers
Authors: V. Jayajothilakshmi , Mohan S. , Kannan R.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze the presentation of egalitarianism in traditional and modern world as colored by the hands of the woman writer Manju Kapur in her work Brothers. It foregrounds the relationship between the real world and the fictional world of women which is more or less the same. The chief finding is that the present life of women has a turn and development when compared to the previous generation, but the hidden complexity burst out at certain stage which proves that the convention is still prevailing. The study can help the readers to see the real world through writings and can understand and read the mind of women who suffer from sexual harassment, patriarchal dominance, in due time of optimistic life of fulfilled desires and courage of modern women. This article excerpts the proposed gender study and presents the gender discrimination of two generations portrayed by the writer which clearly exposes the deep variation as well as the oneness, and results in the projection of the real world in words. The positive changes in women’s lives and the sexual deviations too have been discussed. This study focuses on the traditional and modern livelihood of male and female through the novel Brothers authored by Manju Kapur, a well-known Indian women writer.
Terry Pratchett’s Rewriting of Shakespeare’s Witches in Wyrd Sisters
Authors: Awajan Nasaybah W.
Published: March 2022

Many scholars have written about how Terry Pratchett has represented the witches in his novel, Wyrd Sisters (1989), that were originally used in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth (1623). However, in their studies of the two works, many of these scholars illustrate how both Shakespeare and Pratchett present the witches’ personalities and outward appearances. Additionally, there has also been some literature on the representation of Pratchett’s witches and some compared them with Macbeth’s three weird witches in relation to their appearance, personalities and external characteristics in general. At the same time, there is shortage in the studies that focus on the intention of the witches and the way they use their authority in both works. The study depicts the good and moral intentions of Pratchett’s three witches in Wyrd Sisters. This can be seen in the way they use their authority and influence to give back the throne to King Verence’s son and save the kingdom. It could also be seen in the way the three Wyrd Witches deal with Felmet and his Lady, despite what they do to them. There has not been much literature written about Pratchett’s representation of the witches’ intentions and influence in their plot to help King Verence, who represents Shakespeare’s King Duncan, regain his throne rather than fight against his reign as the three witches did in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth (1623).
Challenges in Translating Rhetorical Questions in the Holy Qur’an: A Comparative Study
Authors: Al-Smadi Hadeel M.
Published: March 2022

Rhetorical questions in the Holy Qur’an are one of the most critical devices in argumentation and persuasion. This study aims at shedding light on the linguistic challenges encountered by seven Qur’an translators in translating rhetorical questions in the Holy Quran into English. The sample of this study included fifteen rhetorical questions selected based on specific criteria from different Surahs in the Holy Qur’an. The translations of the seven Qur’an translators were then analyzed and discussed based on the linguistic approach as a theoretical framework. The study revealed that Qur’an translators tend to use semantic translation rather than pragmatic one in rendering the Qur’anic rhetorical questions into English to maintain the rhetorical features of the Holy Qur’an. Furthermore, the study showed that Qur’an translators convey only some of the illocutionary forces that are embedded in such questions.
Citra Geisha dalam Masyarakat Jepang Tahun 1941 - 1956
Authors: Putri Indrany Yulian
Published: March 2022

This article is called “Geisha’s Images in Japanese Culture (1941 – 1956)”. The reason why the writer wants to learn about Geisha is because Geisha is considered as a dirty job in Japan. The main problem that the writer studies is about the changing of Geisha’s image between 1941 – 1989. The methods that the writer uses is Historic Methods (Heuristic, Sources Critical, Interpretation and Historiography). Based on the research, the fact of Geisha Culture showed up in shogunat Tokugawa period. In the World War II, the Geisha Culture was disadvantaged by situation. In the end of the war, and The American Soldier lost war by Japan, Geisha Culture almost disappear. They considered Geisha Culture as a Yujo or known as prostitution.Through a lot of ups and down, Geisha gains their beauty images and trust as Japanese culture in a positive way. Until now, Geisha is known as the one and only Japanese culture genuinely.
The Sekar Rukun Association: Struggle of the Sundanese Youth National Movement Era (1919-1931)
Authors: Ar Razy Mohammad Refi Omar
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the kirprah of the Sekar Rukun Association during the National Movement (1919-1931) which includes the formation, form of struggle, and the process of merging with the Young Indonesia organization. The research method used is the historical method which consists of heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography stages. Through this research, it can be seen that, first, the Sekar Rukun Association was formed by Sundanese figures who attended school in Batavia, such as Doni Ismail, Iki Adiwidjaja, Djuwariah, Hilman, Moh. Sapii, Mangkudiguna, Soetisna Sendjaja and Iwa Kusumasumantri before finally Dr. Husein Djajadiningrat was involved in the Sekar Rukun Association. Second, the form of struggle for the Sekar Rukun Association is by working with youth organizations similar to that during the National Movement such as Jong Java, Jong Ambon, Jong Sumatranen Bond, Jong Islamieten Bond, Jong Celebes, Jong Bataks and so on. One form of the struggle of the Sekar Rukun Association together with other youth organizations was to hold Youth Congresses I and II in 1926 and 1928. The 2nd Youth Congress in 1928 was known as the Youth Pledge event. Third, as a form of unity and integrity, the Sekar Rukun Association merged with the other youth organizations mentioned above to form an organization called Young Indonesia in 1931.
Upaya Mempertahankan Nilai Sejarah melalui Pendekatan Experiental Marketing di Hotel Savoy Homann Bidakara
Authors: Fitriyani Endah
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran experiental marketing dalam upaya mempertahankan nilai sejarah di salah satu hotel bersejarah di Bandung, Savoy Homann Bidakara. Penanganan strategis guna melihat keunggulan dari sejarah hotel dan kendala yang dihadapi. Mengolahan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dan observasi di hotel. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam bulan di salah satu hotel yang memiliki nilai sejarah di kota Bandung. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai sejarah yang diimplementasikan melalui experiental marketing memperoleh nilai tinggi dengan sub variabel relate memperoleh nilai tertinggi dengan persentasi 20,3% menunjukkan tamu merasa senang dan meningkat prestigenya saat menginap karena merupakan hotel sejarah dengan sebutan tempat singgahnya para raja dan orang penting. Mempertahankan nilai sejarah menjadi keuntungan hotel dalam memasarkan produk hotel. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan mengkaji nilai sejarah hotel dalam perspektif yang berbeda, seperti brand, sumber daya manusia, pemerintah dan para ahli. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam menentukan strategi pemasaran bagi hotel bersejarah lainnya dan nilai sejarah yang harus dipertahankan dalam penggunaan bangunan warisan budaya Eropa.
A Content Analysis Study towards Researches Regarding Context-Based Learning Approach in Science Education by Between Years 2010 and 2020 in Turkey
Authors: Arik Güngör Büşra , Metin Mustafa , Saraçoğlu Sibel
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to study research regarding the context-based learning approach in science education between 2010 and 2020 in Turkey. In this study, a descriptive content analysis method was used to analyzed 86 articles on context-based learning in science education published in 67 different journals. According to some variables such as the year of publication, purpose, area, method, sample, number of samples, data collection tool and data analysis techniques. The Research Classification Form developed by the researchers was used in the analysis of the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis. Most studies in the field of context-based learning approaches in science education were published in 2019. Most of the studies aimed to determine the effects of the method on achievement and attitude and were carried out within science. The experimental method was preferred among the quantitative methods in the studies. Most of the studies were conducted with secondary school students, and the number of participants was in the range of 0-100. Achievement tests and attitude scales were used extensively as data collection tools, and content analysis and t-test were used extensively in data analysis techniques. According to the results obtained in the research, it is suggested that the researches on the context-based learning approach should be conducted in areas other than science education.
Study of the dependence of public health on atmospheric air pollution
Authors: Dautov F. F.
Published: March 2022

The need for comprehensive studies of public health in connection with environmental pollution is due not only to the possible deterioration of health, but also to the loss of working time and reduced product production as a result of increased morbidity. It is especially important to establish a quantitative relationship between the degree of air pollution and the health of the child population.