bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Newtonian dynamics modelled with non-linear transport coefficients at the mesoscale by using dissipative particle dynamics
Authors: Naseri Ali , Salueña Perez Clara , Avalos Josep Bonet
Published: November 2024

A new algorithm for a DPD model with velocity-dependent friction, via local rate-of-strain, reproduces shear-thinning at high shear rates.
Electronic properties, optical transparency and transport properties of the p-type transparent conductive oxide family Sn2−xPbxNb2O7 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0): a density functional theory study
Authors: Xia Jing-Yi , Gao Juan , Liu Zheng-Tang , Liu Qi-Jun
Published: November 2024

In Sn2−xPbxNb2O7, Sn and Pb ions commonly modulate the valence band edge, improving p-type characteristics. SnPbNb2O7 exhibits a p-conductivity of up to 5.93 S cm−1, and the elevated VBM position is conducive to acceptor doping.
The effect of acceptor and donor doping on the electronic properties of the half-Heusler TiNiSn
Authors: Eshel Ronit , Fuks David , Gelbstein Yaniv , Rabin Daniel
Published: November 2024

Optimizing the electronic transport properties of thermoelectric compounds is commonly achieved by either donor or acceptor atom doping to increase the conduction of the appropriate carrier type, electrons or holes, respectively.
Biomimetic tubular materials: from native tissues to a unifying view of new vascular, tracheal, gastrointestinal, oesophageal, and urinary grafts
Authors: Martinier Isabelle , Trichet Léa , Fernandes Francisco M.
Published: November 2024

We propose a simplified two-layered model of native tubular tissues, based on the composition and structure. This approach offers guidelines to elaborate biomimetic tubular materials in the field of tissue engineering for clinical applications.
Rapid prediction of conformationally-dependent DFT-level descriptors using graph neural networks for carboxylic acids and alkyl amines
Authors: Haas Brittany C. , Hardy Melissa A. , Sowndarya S. V. Shree , Adams Keir , Coley Connor W. , Paton Robert S. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: November 2024

DFT-level descriptor libraries were constructed to train 2D and 3D graph neural networks for on the-fly the prediction of carboxylic acid and alkyl amine descriptors suitable for statistical modeling of medicinally relevant molecules.
A graph neural network-state predictive information bottleneck (GNN-SPIB) approach for learning molecular thermodynamics and kinetics
Authors: Zou Ziyue , Wang Dedi , Tiwary Pratyush
Published: November 2024

We present a graph-based differentiable representation learning method from atomic coordinates for enhanced sampling methods to learn both thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a system.
Achievements, challenges, and stability of layer double hydroxide and carbon nanotube hybrid electrode materials for clean and sustainable energy storage supercapacitor application: an extensive review
Authors: Ray Priyadarshi K. , Parida Kulamani
Published: November 2024

The graphical abstract illustrates the use of LDH/CNT: a low cost, flexible and sustainable rapid energy storage and release supercapacitor.
Origin and enhancement of the piezoelectricity in monolayer group IV monochalcogenides under strain and in the presence of vacancies
Authors: Jangir Arun , Ho Duc Tam , Schwingenschlögl Udo
Published: November 2024

Charge transfer between strong and weak chemical bonds is demonstrated to drive the piezoelectricity in monolayer group IV monochalcogenides.
Engineering carbonyl-rich conjugated microporous polymers with a pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone building block as highly efficient and stable electrodes for energy storage
Authors: Saber Ahmed F. , Chen Ya-Fan , Mabuti Levannie , Chaganti Swetha V. , Sharma Santosh U. , Lüder Johann , Lee Jyh-Tsung , Kuo Shiao-Wei , EL-Mahdy Ahmed F. M.
Published: November 2024

PT-based conjugated microporous polymers were synthesized as efficient electrodes for supercapacitors.
Finding low-toxicity biopolymer solvents with high melting temperature and thermally induced phase separation of poly(ε-caprolactone)
Authors: Boura Patrik , Krajakova Lenka , Bouz Adam , Figalla Silvestr , Zubov Alexandr , Van der Bruggen Bart , Kosek Juraj
Published: November 2024

Utilizing Hansen solubility theory, methyl-p-toluate emerges as an alternative solvent for poly(ε-caprolactone), paving the way for safer and sustainable applications of thermally induced phase separation in tissue engineering and membrane field.
Record-high hyperpolarizabilities in atomically precise single metal-doped silver nanoclusters
Authors: Yuan Hao , Russier-Antoine Isabelle , Moulin Christophe , Brevet Pierre-François , Sanader Maršić Željka , Perić Bakulić Martina , Kang Xi , Antoine Rodolphe , Zhu Manzhou
Published: November 2024

Second-order nonlinear optical scattering properties of Ag25 nanoclusters are strongly affected by the nature of the metal dopant. Also, hyperpolarizabilities are one order higher than the one reported for Au25 nanoclusters and represent the largest values ever reported for nanoclusters.
Ionothermal synthesis of a stable three-dimensional [Cu4I4] cluster scintillator with near-unity quantum efficiency and weak thermal quenching
Authors: Zou Qing-Hua , Yang Wen-Hao , Wu Ling-Kun , Jiang Lu-Lu , Wang Shuai-Hua , Liu Lang , Li Ren-Fu , Ye Heng-Yun , Li Jian-Rong
Published: November 2024

A new 3-D organic–inorganic hybrid copper iodine cluster single crystal of (Cu4I4(C6H14N2)2) was ionothermal synthesized, exhibiting outstanding luminescent and scintillation properties.
Chiral ruthenium porphyrin-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of 1,3-dienes with tert-butyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate as the carbene source
Authors: Wang Hua-Hua , Zhong Si-Qi , Tan Hao-Chong , Liu Yungen , Che Chi-Ming
Published: November 2024

With the chiral ruthenium porphyrin complex (S,R)-cmcpor-RuCO as a catalyst and tert-butyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate as the carbene source, a panel of substituted vinylcyclopropanes is readily prepared in good product yields and high enantioselectivity.
Covalent bidentate ligand-enabled regioselective Wacker-type oxidation of olefins
Authors: Chen Liping , Zhang Shuai , Yang Yuchen , Wang Xue , Lan Wenjie , Chen Zhijie , Gong Wang , Nie Qingqing , Cao Wenqiang , Meng Ziyan
Published: November 2024

The utilization of Pd(ii)-catalyzed oxidation for the transformation of terminal olefins into methyl ketones has emerged as a particularly intriguing and versatile strategy in organic synthesis.
Promoting photoswitching in mismatching mixed-linker multivariate Zr6 MOFs
Authors: Rosales-Martínez Carmen , López-Alcalá Diego , Assis Marcelo , Castillo-Blas Celia , Baldoví José J. , Abánades Lázaro Isabel
Published: November 2024

The multivariate linker mismatching approach enables azobenzene dicarboxylate photoisomerisation through structural distortions and fine-tunes the electronic structure of the materials.
Beyond chemical structures: lessons and guiding principles for the next generation of molecular databases
Authors: Sommer Timo , Clarke Cian , García-Melchor Max
Published: November 2024

This perspective reviews both materials and molecular data resources and establishes seven guiding principles termed QUANTUM to advance molecular databases toward robust, unified platforms for the research community.
Ethanol as a hydrogen carrier with a value-added co-product
Authors: Rander Andrew R. , Kohl Shayna R. , Cherepakhin Valeriy , Zhang Long , Do Van K. , Breunig Hanna , Williams Travis J.
Published: November 2024

Traditional liquid organic hydrogen carriers rely on return/re-charge of the carrier and financial subsidy. We show that ethanol, available at scale from fermentation, can be a revenue-positive hydrogen carrier, owing to the value of its potassium acetate co-product, itself an emerging fertilizer.
From structure to electrochemistry: the influence of transition metal ordering on Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type NaxMO2 cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Pfeiffer Lukas Fridolin , Dillenz Manuel , Burgard Nora , Beran Premysl , Roscher Daniel , Zarrabeitia Maider , Drews Paul , Hervoches Charles , Mikhailova Daria , Omar Ahmad , Baran Volodymyr , Paul Neelima , Sotoudeh Mohsen , Busch Michael , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret , Groß Axel , Passerini Stefano , Axmann Peter
Published: November 2024

In this work, the origin of Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type NaxNiyMn1−yO2 is investigated. A general guideline to suppress Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type NaxMO2 cathode active materials is postulated.
Ultrafast formation of porosity and heterogeneous structures on 2D oxides via momentary photothermal effect
Authors: Ryu Ahrom , Park Bo-In , Lee Hyun-Jae , An Jung-Won , Kim Jeong-Jun , Nahm Sahn , Kim Seong H. , Lee Byungju , Choi Ji-Won , Jang Ji-Soo
Published: November 2024

Here, for the first time, we describe an ultra-fast, reliable, scalable, and cost-effective synthetic method for achieving highly porous as well as catalyst loaded 2D heterostructures for realizing ultra-stable and selective surface reactivity.
Advances in the design strategy of bimetallic catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Shi Long , Song Jia , Yang Yuzhu , Yang Lin , Dai Zhongde , Yao Lu , Jiang Wenju
Published: November 2024

The bimetallic catalysts are promising for CO2ER. In the current work, bimetallic catalyst preparation methods have been collected and analyzed, challenges and perspectives are also declared.
Conformation-driven exciton transfer in pyrene-sulfone covalent organic frameworks for bifunctional photocatalysis
Authors: Ran Mengxu , Zhang Xiang , Lin Jing , Borse Rahul Anil , Zhang Linlin , Wang Yaobing
Published: November 2024

We report a new COF consisting of pyrene and sulfone moieties, which reversibly transforms from twisted to planar in polar media and shows conformation-driven exciton transfer kinetics and bifunctional photocatalytic activities of HER and OER.
Diameter dependent performance of silicon nanowire anodes grown on 3D current collectors for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Mei , Patil Niraj Nitish , Singh Shalini , McNulty David , Ryan Kevin M.
Published: November 2024

Si nanowires (Si NWs) with diameters tuned from ∼35 to 100 nm were directly grown on large-area (30 cm2) stainless-steel mesh (SSM) substrates via a facile vapour–liquid–solid approach.
Lithiated polymer coating for interface stabilization in Li6PS5Cl-based solid-state batteries with high-nickel NCM
Authors: Shi Bing-Xuan , Weber Franjo , Yusim Yuriy , Demuth Thomas , Vettori Kilian , Münchinger Andreas , Titvinidze Giorgi , Volz Kerstin , Henss Anja , Berger Rüdiger , Richter Felix H.
Published: November 2024

During cell cycling with NCM cathode and Li6PS5Cl catholyte, interfacial degradation leads to reduced active mass and particle cracking. We mitigate this by coating NCM with polyvinylpyrrolidone and sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone).
Effective sensing mechanisms of O2 and CO on SnO2 (110) surface: a DFT study
Authors: Lipsky Felipe , Gouveia Amanda F. , Sensato Fabrício R. , Oliva Mónica , Longo Elson , San-Miguel Miguel A. , Andrés Juan
Published: November 2024

DFT reveals oxygen vacancies on SnO2 stabilize polarons, driving efficient O2 activation and CO oxidation. These findings enable advanced SnO2-based sensor design, leveraging defect engineering to boost catalytic and sensing performance.
In situ microbubble electroflotation enhanced emulsion separation and membrane antifouling ability for durable oil-in-water emulsion separation
Authors: Liu Binyang , Liu Peng , Ye Jiahui , Chen Yuqing , Liu Xuesong , Tian Wen , Ji Junyi
Published: November 2024

An electroflotation coupled membrane separation (ECM) strategy is developed for cationic surfactant-stabilized emulsion treatment, demonstrating high separation efficiency and long-term antifouling capability.
Engineered collagen/PLLA composite fillers to induce rapid and long-term collagen regeneration
Authors: Chang Shuhua , Zhao Miaoran , Gao Wenxia , Cao Jun , He Bin
Published: November 2024

A new injectable dermal filler with rapid collagen regeneration is developed.
Nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals for solid-state lasing systems: state-of-the-art and perspectives
Authors: Gunenthiran Satyathiran , Wang Juan , Law Cheryl Suwen , Abell Andrew D. , Alwahabi Zeyad T. , Santos Abel
Published: November 2024

In this review we provide an up-to-date overview of recent advances in the field of NAA-PC technology and its application in lasing systems. We also provide a list of challenges and opportunities, and the future prospects of this exciting field.
A highly stretchable thermoelectric generator developed from polyaniline-based nanocomposites for body heat harvesting
Authors: Li Guoliang , Zhou Jingda , Yang Lu , Deng Yuan , Wang Yao
Published: November 2024

A highly stretchable thermoelectric generator developed from polymer-based nanocomposites shows promising functionality as a body heat harvester to improve wearable electronics.
Improvement of a pendulum‐type apparatus for friction test of a contact lens to simulate the conditions of its actual usage
Authors: Nakaoka Ryusuke , Iwashita Hiroko , Hori Yuichi , Mabuchi Kiyoshi , Matsunaga Toru , Haishima Yuji , Yamamoto Eiichi
Published: November 2024

Friction between the contact lens (CL) and the corneal or conjunctival surfaces is considered one of key factors in triggering CL‐associated adverse effects. However, the relationship between friction properties and these effects remains unclear. Traditional measurement methods often fail to replicate real‐life conditions, thereby highlighting the need for more effective apparatus. In this study, the authors developed an optimised pendulum apparatus integrated with an inclinometer to enhance the measurement of CL friction coefficients, thereby improving its precision and relevance to clinical settings. This new design allows for faster and easier calculation of the friction coefficient based on the amplitude decay per libration cycle, surpassing the accuracy of previous video‐based methods. The pendulum's hemisphere component was made from ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) 30, which has an elastic modulus similar to that of a human eyeball, creating a measurement environment that closely mimics real‐world usage. The authors optimised the apparatus by evaluating the effects of hemisphere stiffness and saline volume on the friction coefficient. Measurements of multiple lenses recorded by the authors, particularly Lens A, made of narafilcon A, revealed significant consistency across different hemisphere materials with an optimal saline volume of 150 μL yielding a friction coefficient of 0.026 ± 0.003. No statistically significant differences in the friction coefficients were found across variations in the lens base curve, diameter, centre thickness, or power. This improved apparatus demonstrates the capability of effectively measuring friction coefficients under conditions that simulate clinical usage, providing rapid and reliable results. The findings validate the apparatus and suggest its potential for broader applications in assessing CL properties, thereby facilitating future research on the material characteristics and safety of various CLs, including decorative lenses.
Performance analysis of electromagnetic nano‐communication with interference over dual selection combining diversity technique
Authors: Singh S Pratap , Chugh Urvashi , Singh Deepak Kumar , Kumar Amit , Kaur Kanwar Preet , Rakesh Nitin , Singh Ghanshyam
Published: November 2024

A novel frequency regime of the spectrum from 0.1 to 10 THz enables an emerging paradigm of modern wireless communication referred as 6G communication networks. However, to assure the success of 6G communication networks, ever‐growing development and deployment of nano‐machines, leading to ultra‐dense nano‐network, is witnessed. Nevertheless, the potential feature analysis of such ultra‐dense nano‐network in the presence of interference limited scenarios, by virtue of ultra‐dense deployment of nano‐machines, under the performance improvement techniques is missing from the reported literatures. Therefore, in this article, several performance metrics for an ultra‐dense nano‐network under the selection combining (SC) diversity technique is presented. The analytical expressions for error rates of different modulation schemes such as BPSK/BFSK, DPSK/ NFSK, Q‐PSK and M‐QAM under SC diversity technique for the considered nano‐network in the presence of interference limited ecosystems are presented. In addition, analytical expressions of capacity under constant power with optimal rate adaptation (Cora) and capacity under channel inversion with fixed rate (Ccifr) are explored. It is worthy to mention that the proposed analytical expressions are generic in nature for the considered scenarios, in which severity and shaping parameters in both the multipath fading and shadowing are included. Numerically simulated results support mathematical formulation.
Unmanned aerial vehicle formation control method based on improved artificial potential field and consensus
Authors: Wang Yunming , Zhong Yilin , Zhang Yuhang , Shi Yanhong , Chen Hongrui
Published: November 2024

Formation coordination can improve the overall performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, so it is important to realize coordinated formation control. To solve the problems of ineffective internal collision avoidance and communication distance maintenance in existing formation control methods, a UAV formation control algorithm based on an improved artificial potential field and consensus is proposed. First, an improved artificial potential field obstacle avoidance method is used to solve the problems of collision avoidance and communication distance maintenance within the formation by setting a communication risk zone and a collision risk zone and by defining the dynamic adjustment parameters of the inter‐UAV virtual force to improve the traditional artificial potential field method. Second, a time integrating factor is introduced, and an improved consensus‐based formation control method is employed to overcome the problem of the artificial potential field method falling into the local optimum easily. Simulation experiments were designed to analyse the trends of the UAV formation motion trajectory, inter‐UAV relative distance, attitude, and formation time. The analysis results show that the method can make the UAV formation consistent with the flight trajectory of the intended formation, solving the problems of collision avoidance and communication distance maintenance within the UAV formation.
Assessing the accuracy of star formation rate measurements by direct star count in molecular clouds
Authors: Dib Sami , Zhou Jian-Wen , Comerón Sébastien , Garduño Luis E. , Kravtsov Valery V. , Clark Paul C. , Li Guang-Xing , Lara-López Maritza A. , Liu Tie , Shadmehri Mohsen , Doughty James R.
Published: November 2024

Star formation estimates based on the counting of young stellar objects (YSOs) are commonly carried out for nearby star-forming regions in the Galaxy, and in principle could be extended to any star-forming region where direct star counts are possible. With this method, the SFRs are measured using the counts of YSOs in a particular class, a typical mass, and the lifetime associated with this class. Another variant of this method is to use the total number of YSOs found in a star-forming region along with a characteristic YSO timescale. However, the assumptions underlying the validity of this method, such as that of a constant star formation history (SFH), have never been fully tested, and it remains unclear as to whether or not the method is valid for all protostellar classes. In this work, we use Monte Carlo models to test the validity and robustness of the method. We build synthetic clusters in which stars form at times that are randomly drawn from a specified SFH distribution function. The latter is either constant or time dependent, with a burst like behavior. The masses of the YSOs are randomly drawn from a stellar initial mass function (IMF), which can be either similar to that of the Milky Way field or be variable within the limits of the variations observed among young stellar clusters in the Galaxy. For each star in every cluster, the lifetimes associated with the different protostellar classes are also randomly drawn from Gaussian distribution functions centered around their most likely value as suggested by the observations. We find that only the SFR derived using the Class 0 population can reproduce the true SFR at all epochs, and this is true irrespective of the shape of the SFH. For a constant SFH, the SFR derived using the more evolved populations of YSOs (Class I, Class F, Class II, and Class III) reproduce the real SFR only at later epochs, which correspond to epochs at which their numbers have reached a steady state. For a time-dependent burst-like SFH, all SFR estimates based on the number counts of the evolved populations fail to reproduce the true SFR. We show that these conclusions are independent of the IMF. We argue that the SFR based on the Class 0 alone can yield reliable estimates of the SFR. We also show how the offsets between Class I- and Class II-based SFRs and the true SFR plotted as a function of the number ratios of Class I and Class II versus Class III YSOs can be used in order to provide information on the SFH of observed molecular clouds.
Seven wonders of Cosmic Dawn: JWST confirms a high abundance of galaxies and AGN at z ≃ 9–11 in the GLASS field
Authors: Napolitano L. , Castellano M. , Pentericci L. , Arrabal Haro P. , Fontana A. , Treu T. , Bergamini P. , Calabrò A. , Mascia S. , Morishita T. , Roberts-Borsani G. , Santini P. , Vanzella E. , Vulcani B. , Zakharova D. , Bakx T. , Dickinson M. , Grillo C. , Leethochawalit N. , Llerena M. , Merlin E. , Paris D. , Rojas-Ruiz S. , Rosati P. , Wang X. , Yoon I. , Zavala J.
Published: November 2024

We present the JWST/NIRSpec PRISM follow-up of candidate galaxies at z ≃ 9–11 selected from deep JWST/NIRCam photometry in GLASS-JWST Early Release Science data. We spectroscopically confirm six sources with secure redshifts at z = 9.52–10.43, each showing multiple emission lines. An additional object is likely at z ≃ 10.66, based on its Lyα-break and a single emission feature, while one source is a lower-redshift interloper. The sample includes the first JWST-detected candidate at z ∼ 10, GHZ1/GLASS-z10, which we confirm at z = 9.875, and the X-ray detected active galactic nucleus (AGN) GHZ9 at z = 10.145. Three objects, including GHZ9, have EW(C III]λ1908) > 20 Å and occupy a region compatible with AGN emission in the EW(CIII]) vs CIV/CIII] diagram. The spectroscopic sample confirms a high abundance of galaxies at z > 9. We measure a number density of z ∼ 10 galaxies in the GLASS-JWST ERS field that is a factor of > 3 higher than other JWST-based estimates at demagnified rest-frame magnitudes of −21 ≤ MUV ≤ −19. We find that the positions of these galaxies in redshift and angular space are not consistent with all of them being part of a single progenitor of present-day galaxy clusters. The high density of objects in the GLASS region can be explained either by clustering on large scales or by a superposition of different forming structures of which we observe only the brightest members. By considering all the spectroscopic z ∼ 10 sources in the Abell-2744 field, we identify two potential galaxy proto-clusters centered around GHZ9 and JD1, with relative separations between their members of ≃1–2 pMpc. The potential AGN nature of three of the sources in our sample lends support to a scenario in which the high abundance of bright sources determined by JWST surveys at cosmic dawn may be affected by AGN contribution to their UV luminosity.
The binary Yarkovsky effect on the primary asteroid with applications to singly synchronous binary asteroids
Authors: Zhou Wen-Han
Published: November 2024

Context. The binary Yarkovsky effect on the secondary asteroid (BYS) was recently discovered to influence binary asteroid systems by pushing the secondary asteroid towards a synchronous orbit on a short timescale. However, the binary Yarkovsky effect on the primary (BYP) remains less understood, partly due to non-linear effects from partial eclipses, but could have significant implications for singly synchronous binaries.

Aims. We aim to obtain an empirical formula for the BYP and estimate its induced orbital drifting rates for real binary asteroids.

Methods. We solved the radiation forces numerically. By fitting the numerical results, we find an empirical modified solution to estimate the effective BYP: the traditional BYP formula multiplied by (rs/rp)(α − 1), which accounts for the partial eclipse.

Results. We confirm that the BYP pushes the primary towards a synchronous orbit where its spin equals the mean motion. Numerical results indicate that the parameter α is relatively insensitive to the ratio of the spin rate to the mean motion and decreases slightly with increasing thermal inertia. For small binary systems with a typical thermal inertia of 200 tiu, α is approximately 1.7. The BYP is found to affect the mutual orbit of singly synchronous binaries with a timescale typically an order of magnitude longer than that of the BYS. Drift rates induced by the BYP for known small binary asteroids (primary radius <  1 km) range from –0.001 to –1 cm yr−1. A comparative analysis with observed orbital drift rates shows agreement for pre-impact Didymos and 1996 FG3 but discrepancies for 2001 SL9 and 1999 KW4, suggesting complex dynamics in these systems involving the BYP, the binary Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (BYORP) effect, and tides.

Conclusions. The BYP is changing the mutual orbits of most discovered binary asteroids. We suggest that the BYP should be considered along with BYORP and tidal effects when studying binary systems’ long-term dynamics.
Improving constraints on the extended mass distribution in the Galactic center with stellar orbits
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Abd El Dayem K. , Abuter R. , Aimar N. , Amaro Seoane P. , Amorim A. , Beck J. , Berger J. P. , Bonnet H. , Bourdarot G. , Brandner W. , Cardoso V. , Capuzzo Dolcetta R. , Clénet Y. , Davies R. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Drescher A. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Feuchtgruber H. , Finger G. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Foschi A. , Gao F. , Garcia P. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Hartl M. , Haubois X. , Haussmann F. , Heißel G. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Jochum L. , Jocou L. , Kaufer A. , Kervella P. , Lacour S. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Mang F. , More N. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Rabien S. , Ribeiro D. C. , Sadun Bordoni M. , Scheithauer S. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Stadler J. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Urso I. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. D. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Woillez J. , Zhang F.
Published: November 2024

Studying the orbital motion of stars around Sagittarius A* in the Galactic center provides a unique opportunity to probe the gravitational potential near the supermassive black hole at the heart of our Galaxy. Interferometric data obtained with the GRAVITY instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) since 2016 has allowed us to achieve unprecedented precision in tracking the orbits of these stars. GRAVITY data have been key to detecting the in-plane, prograde Schwarzschild precession of the orbit of the star S2 that is predicted by general relativity. By combining astrometric and spectroscopic data from multiple stars, including S2, S29, S38, and S55 – for which we have data around their time of pericenter passage with GRAVITY – we can now strengthen the significance of this detection to an approximately 10σ confidence level. The prograde precession of S2’s orbit provides valuable insights into the potential presence of an extended mass distribution surrounding Sagittarius A*, which could consist of a dynamically relaxed stellar cusp comprising old stars and stellar remnants, along with a possible dark matter spike. Our analysis, based on two plausible density profiles – a power-law and a Plummer profile – constrains the enclosed mass within the orbit of S2 to be consistent with zero, establishing an upper limit of approximately 1200 M⊙ with a 1σ confidence level. This significantly improves our constraints on the mass distribution in the Galactic center. Our upper limit is very close to the expected value from numerical simulations for a stellar cusp in the Galactic center, leaving little room for a significant enhancement of dark matter density near Sagittarius A*.
Protection of forest lands in the Russian Federation: Problems and solutions
Authors: Serebryakov Oleg , Yakovenko Natalia , Komov Igor , Kolotushkin Andrey
Published: November 2024

The article deals with topical issues of forest land protection in the Russian Federation in the context of modern environmental and legal challenges. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the current forest legislation, its shortcomings and potential for improvement in order to increase the effectiveness of protection measures. Data on the current state of forest resources are presented, including statistics on degradation and restoration of forest ecosystems. The article also explores economic and social aspects of forest management, with special attention paid to the role of local communities and the importance of their participation in the processes of forest land protection and restoration forest lands Based on international experience, specific recommendations are offered to strengthen the legal protection of forests and introduce innovative approaches to monitoring and management of forest resources. The significance of the study lies in practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of rational and sustainable use of forest land in the Russian Federation, as well as proposals to improve the mechanisms of protection and conservation of Russian forests. The work is designed to promote a constructive dialogue between government agencies, the scientific community and non-governmental organizations aimed at achieving sustainable management of Russia’s forest fund.
National economic systems of BRICS countries: Prospects of the forest complex
Authors: Tretyakova Larisa , Azarova Natalia , Nebesnaya Anna , Tretyakova Marina
Published: November 2024

The changing architecture of global geopolitical and economic cooperation is generating growing interest in new strategic alliances among the fastest growing economies in the world, particularly among the BRICS countries, whose significance in the global economic space is of great importance. The increasing level of institutionalization of this union of states objectively contributes to the formation of closer and more numerous economic and social ties. This also applies to interactions within the development of sectoral economy. The article examines transformative factors increasing the density of effective interaction within the development of industrial economy using the example of the forestry complex. Integration cooperation within interactions of national economic systems is possible only under the conditions of strategic directions of marketing interaction and logistic constructive protocols forming a sustainable framework for the development of all directions of economic interaction between sectoral blocks.
Architecture of the climate fight
Authors: Lobovikov Maxim , Zinovyeva Irina , Pryadilina Natalia
Published: November 2024

Global warming is a serious challenge to the world’s population. Scientists are still arguing about the causes, speed and possible threats of the climate change and ways to combat them. Meanwhile, the planetary climate is changing not for the better. Warming causes global environmental, economic, social and political problems and disasters. Further changes threaten the quality of life and the very lives of people on the planet Earth. Over the four decades a global mechanism of legal, policy and market instruments, was designed to revert climate change. The mechanism is to stabilize and reduce GHGs in the atmosphere by reducing their emissions and absorbing them in long-term sinks above and under the ground. The architecture and dynamics of this mechanism and the interaction of its individual parts and elements are the subject of this article.
Agrobiological study of a new legume Cajanus cajan culture in Uzbekistan
Authors: Umurzakov A.A. , Akhmedov S.I. , Muminov F. , Keldiyorova X. , Atayeva Sh.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of long-term research on the planting dates of the new leguminous crop Cajanus cajan in the conditions of Galaarol district of Jizzakh region and Zharkurgan of Surkhandarya region. A brief description of the biology of C.cajan, the experience of the medical field, the methods of accounting and monitoring, and the agricultural technology of cultivation were studied. Preliminary results indicate that C.cajan demonstrates a high degree of adaptability to the Uzbekiston climate, with satisfactory germination and growth rates across different regions. Nutritional analysis of the harvested seeds revealed high protein content and essential amino acids, making C.cajan a valuable addition to the local diet and a potential contributor to food security. Legumes are vital crops globally, playing a significant role in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which improves soil fertility and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers (Amanov et al. 1972). They are a crucial source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, making them essential for food security and nutrition.
Research and determination of parameters for extracting valuable components from technological waste
Authors: Khojakulov Amirjon , Ruziyev Ulugbek , Boymurodov Najmiddin , Shernazarov Iskandar , Mashaev Eldor , Shoyimova Komila
Published: November 2024

This research paper addresses the increasing demand for ammonium perrhenate and pure metallic rhenium, emphasizing the importance of developing effective methods for extracting these valuable components from technological waste. The authors detail the processes involved in sorption and leaching of rhenium from molybdenum production waste using various sorbents under static and dynamic conditions. Experiments reveal that new granulated sorbents, particularly P-MDA-6, exhibit superior extraction capabilities compared to traditional methods. The paper also discusses the chemical mechanisms behind rhenium and molybdenum leaching and highlights the role of environmental considerations in developing sustainable extraction technologies. The findings contribute to advancements in metallurgical processes and waste management strategies in Uzbekistan’s industry. In global practice, the demand for ammonium perrhenate and chemically pure metallic rhenium is increasing every day. In this regard, the development of new methods for obtaining metallic rhenium and its chemically pure compounds by processing technogenic waste, improving existing technological processes, obtaining high-quality products from mineral raw materials, as well as comprehensively studying their physicochemical and technological properties and developing an environmentally friendly technology for extracting rare metals, is of great importance.
Effective implementation of ESG principles under technological sovereignty
Authors: Dovbiy Irina , Egorova Alexandra , Danilov Ilia
Published: November 2024

Government acts have been formed and the principles of ESG have been enshrined in the national development strategy, however, until quite recently there has been a lack of activity in the practical aspect. In the meantime, the sanctions pressure which began in 2014, compounded by pandemic restrictions and post-pandemic exacerbation, brought about a new way of revitalization for the development of the principles of “Environment”, “Society”, “Governance” - different from the previously accepted one in the global economy. If 10 years ago it really seemed that the world economy should function on the basis of joint production of a single product from components produced in different countries, then at present, especially within the framework of Russian realities, it seems necessary to master the path of “own full-fledged national production”. This for its part requires the creation of theoretical and practical presupposition for the implementation of the concept of “technological sovereignty” which can become the framework for the real introduction of ESG principles into practice. Based on the analysis of the concept of “sovereignty”, its applicability to the technological area of the economy is valid, distinctions from the term “scientific and technical security” are identified, its role in the system of scientific knowledge is determined. The matrix of the evolution of technological sovereignty in the economy is clearly articulated.
A comparative study of the microbiomes of the ticks Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum
Authors: Abbasi Adeel Mumtaz , Nasir Shiza , Bajwa Amna Arshad , Akbar Haroon , Ali Muhammad Muddassir , Rashid Muhammad Imran
Published: November 2024

Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus microplus are tick species that are important vectors of numerous pathogens affecting both humans and livestock. Endosymbionts, such as Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLE), Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLE), and Candidatus Midichloria, play a crucial role in the physiology and vector competence of these ticks. In this study, we investigated the microbial composition of H. anatolicum and R. microplus from four geographically distinct regions of Pakistan to assess whether environmental differences influence their microbiomes. We analyzed the ticks’ gut microbiome targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA for Illumina 16S metagenome NGS sequencing and processed overall 144 ticks. Analysis of gut bacterial composition resulted in observation of 1200 R. microplus and 968 H. anatolicum unique amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs). Relative abundance, Alpha diversity (Shannon, Faith’s phylogenetic distance) and beta diversity metrics (Bray–Curtis, Jaccard and UniFrac) were analyzed and revealed that H. anatolicum ticks have significantly unique and diverse microbial communities with Acinetobacter indicus and Francisella-like endosymbionts dominating as opposed to Candidatus Midichloria. Rhipicephalus microplus exhibited results consistent with the previous studies with no major changes in microbiome including Coxiella-like endosymbionts as the major contributor. These findings suggest that geographical and environmental factors play a significant role in shaping the tick microbiome, with potential consequences for disease transmission and tick survivability. Further research is needed to elucidate the functional roles of these microbial shifts and their impact on public health and livestock in affected regions.
Réflexions sur la démarche de standardisation d’examens cliniques objectifs structurés (ECOS) dans le cadre de la réforme du deuxième cycle des études de médecine en France : expérience sur une cohorte d’étudiants en médecine
Authors: Feigerlová Eva , Braun Marc
Published: November 2024

Contexte et problématique : L’examen clinique objectif et structuré (ECOS) est un outil pédagogique utilisé à des fins de formation et d’évaluation des performances des étudiants dans un environnement simulé. Pour justifier son utilité et son efficacité, l’ECOS doit être régulièrement révisé. Les données psychométriques permettent de répondre aux questions d’évaluation de la qualité de l’ECOS. Dans l’éducation médicale une note de passage fixe de 50 % est traditionnellement utilisée. Cependant les stations au sein d’un circuit d’ECOS peuvent avoir des niveaux de difficulté variable. Le seuil de réussite est déterminé par le biais d’un ajustement statistique afin de refléter le niveau de difficulté de chacune des stations au sein du circuit. Objectif : Ce travail décrit une démarche de standardisation de l’épreuve sur un exemple concret selon les attendus d’apprentissage sur le modèle adopté en France. Cadre conceptuel et méthodologique : La première partie de l’article propose quelques concepts théoriques ainsi que les éléments de réflexion pouvant être utiles pour guider les enseignants dans ce nouvel environnement de formation et d’évaluation des étudiants de médecine. Retour d’expérience : Dans la deuxième partie, nous décrivons une démarche de standardisation avec une analyse détaillée des stations d’ECOS non préalablement pilotées au sein d’un circuit formatif sur une cohorte de 310 étudiants de cinquième année à la Faculté de médecine à Nancy. L’analyse psychométrique a été menée dans le but d’évaluer la qualité des stations en vue de leur intégration dans un circuit sommatif.
Aktuelle Fragen zur Aufklärung
Authors: Makoski Kyrill
Published: November 2024

Der Patient kann nur dann wirksam in die Behandlung einwilligen, wenn er vorher richtig aufgeklärt wurde. Anderenfalls kann der Arzt – trotz ordnungsgemäßer Behandlung – haftbar gemacht werden. Wichtig ist, wer aufklärt, wann aufgeklärt wird und worüber.
Gaining or Losing Momentum? The Perceived Educational Role of University Student Hostels in Hong Kong from 1980 to 2020
Authors: Cheng Michelle W. T.
Published: November 2024

Hong Kong (HK) has been frequently studied in higher education (HE) policy research, but almost none shed light on policies related to the university student hostels. This study is unique as it focuses on university residential education in HK, which has a history of adopting the Oxbridge residential model, but in an Asian context. By tracing the policy development of university student hostels from 1980 to 2020 (a 40-year period), several themes were observed according to the year, ranging from financing hostel construction, defining the purpose of student housing, balancing the ratio of local and non-local students, to promoting internationalization in a localized context in recent years. Compared with the student housing development trend in the UK, the author deduces that the government’s decision to either offer public student hostels or outsource to the private sector will have a considerable impact on the educational role of student hostels. This study emphasizes that residential education must be intentional and suggests that universities should emphasize it as an essential part of higher education.
Attitudes towards models of abortion care in sexual and reproductive health: perspectives of Australian health professionals
Authors: Sheeran Nicola , Jones Liz , Corbin Bonney , Melville Catriona
Published: November 2024

Background Abortion care is typically undertaken by doctors; however, alternate models, including nurse-led care, are increasingly seen as viable alternatives. However, attitudes towards the leadership of alternate models can be a barrier to change. We explored the acceptability of different models of abortion care, and whether attitudes differed by health profession for those working in sexual and reproductive health. Methods Our mixed method survey explored how doctors, nurses/midwives and those working in administrative roles in primary care in Australia felt about three models of abortion care: doctor-led, nurse-led and self-administered. ANOVAs compared favourability ratings and attitude strength across groups, and qualitative data exploring how they felt about each model was thematically analysed using Leximancer. Results Attitudes towards doctor-led and nurse-led models of care were overwhelmingly positive. However, doctors perceived doctor-led care more favourably than other professionals, and felt it provides a more holistic, safer experience, that opportunistically facilitated discussions about other sexual and reproductive health matters. Self-administered care was perceived unfavourably by ~60% of participants, and was associated with significant safety concerns. Conclusions Most health professionals working in sexual and reproductive health care perceive that nurse-led models of care are viable and acceptable, although doctors feel there are additional benefits to the current model. Self-administered abortion is overwhelmingly perceived as unsafe. Nurse-led care models could increase access to safe abortion in Australia, and are perceived favourably by those working in sexual and reproductive health care.
The pragmeme of accommodation in Christian condolence messages in Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Temitope Michael , Akinrinlola Temidayo
Published: November 2024

The inevitability of death is reinforced in the different cultures and religions of the world. Among Christians in
general and Nigerian Christians in particular, it is seen as a transformator of human beings from mortality to
immortality, as evident in their linguistic behaviour. This study investigates pain-relieving strategies in Christian condolence
messages in Nigeria, within the purview of Capone’s pragmeme of accommodation. Data for the study comprised tributes and
condolence messages in selected Christian burial souvenirs, programmes and books of tributes. Findings revealed reference to the
deceased’s good qualities, reference to heaven as rest home and a better place, reference to future re-union, and reference to
death as an inevitable messenger that calls human beings home are strategic pain-relieving strategies carefully employed by
authors of Christian condolence messages and tributes to ‘heal the pain of death’ among Nigerian Christians. The choice of these
strategies is predicated on the shared Christian belief about death.
Robust multistate quantum control with minimal additional coupling
Authors: Han Xin , Xu Hang , Song Xue-Ke , Ye Liu , Wang Dong
Published: November 2024

The multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is an efficient technique to achieve a selective and accurate population transfer in a chainwise-linked system. However, their efficiency is imperfect due to the nonadiabatic losses from the long runtime of the adiabatic evolution. Here, we focus on realizing a perfect and robust coherent control of the quantum states with optimal shortcut to adiabaticity in a realistic five-state hybrid quantum system. In particular, the optimal shortcut field requires minimal additional coupling (only one coupling strength) to accelerate the adiabatic evolution in this five-state system. Compared to the original STIRAP, the optimal shortcut shows the ultra-high fidelity of quantum state manipulations even though the control parameters of the Hamiltonians are changed in different ways. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of the optimal shortcut field technique in the presence of various experimental errors, such as systematic error, Rabi frequency error, and coupling strength error, and it features a broad range of high efficiencies above 99.9%, showing its robustness against the above errors. The results might shed insight on the further applications of shortcuts to adiabaticity on robust quantum information processing in multi-level quantum systems.
Calculation of bound and continuum states of the Ne3 van der Waals trimer
Authors: Guérout Romain
Published: November 2024

We use the configuration space Faddeev formalism to calculate bound and continuum states of the Ne3 van der Waals trimer. Continuum states below the breakup threshold describe the scattering of a neon atom off of a Ne2 diatomic molecule. We identify a resonant feature which we attribute to the presence of a three body resonance.