DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF CLOSED PRODUCTION CYCLE IN INTENSIVE GROWING OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND AGARICUS BISPORUS MUSHROOMS
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Ukraine, Kovalov Mykola 
Published: November 2023

Industrial cultivation of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus leaves behind a huge amount of spent straw substrate, which must be disposed of. Therefore, to create optimal conditions for assimilation of this type of organic raw material by earthworms Eisenia fetida, it is necessary to destroy the lignin layer with the help of microbiological preparations. After the biological conversion of spent mushroom blocks by earthworms Eisenia fetida, we get EM compost, which is an ecologically safe substrate for the industrial cultivation of two-spored champignon mushrooms. The purpose of the work is to develop the technology of closed production cycles during the intensive cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus mushrooms based on the use of biological preparations and vermiculture. Methodology. In the process of performing the work, general scientific and special research methods were used: theoretical processing of research results by methods of statistical and correlational analysis; empirical – experiments in climatic chamber conditions, graphical and tabular display of results. Results. The speed of the growth and development phases of the exotic species of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is a rather significant indicator that characterizes the relationship between the cultivation conditions and its morphological features. When optimal growing conditions are created with the use of substrates with a high level of nutrient supply, the growth and development of the mushroom becomes more intensive. Due to the use of EM preparations for pre-treatment of the compost mixture before vermicomposting, I will create ideal conditions for obtaining EM compost, which is absolutely safe from a sanitary and epidemiological point of view, because it does not contain pathogenic microflora and is devoid of unpleasant odors and can be used in various branches of agriculture. Further use of biological preparations during intensive cultivation of Agaricus bisporus with irrigation of cover soil makes it possible to influence the morphometric characteristics of the mushroom. The length of the leg in all variants during the first wave of fruiting ranged from 36,2 to 40,1 mm, the diameter of the leg from 15,9 to 19,0 mm, the height of the cap from 12,7 to 13,1 mm, and the diameter of the cap from 45,5 to 53,4 mm. When watering the cover soil during the second wave of fruiting, the size of fruiting bodies differed from the mushrooms obtained from the first wave. The length of the leg according to the options for the use of biological preparations was 35,8 38,2 mm, the diameter of the leg was 15,9 18,4 mm, the height of the cap was 11,2 12,9 mm, and the diameter of the cap was equal to 45,0 48,6 mm. Thus, it can be concluded that watering the cover soil with biological preparations had a positive effect on the morphological features of the structure of Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies. Practical implications. The obtained results have an important practical significance for farms that grow mushrooms. The use of spent straw substrates as fillers in the composition of the compost mixture increases the efficiency of vermicomposting, increasing the yield of coprolite by 10-20 % compared to the use of peat as a filler. The results of the study make it possible to recommend the use of biopreparations "EM Compost" and "Potassium humate" for two-time irrigation of the cover soil, which ensures an increase in the yield of two-spored champignon mushrooms by 19 %. Their use contributes to the growth of yield and quality. In order to achieve the maximum yield and increase the energy value of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, it is advisable to water the cover soil twice with a 0,05 % solution of the biopreparation "EM Compost". Value/originality.