bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ricerche Sperimentali Sull'effetto Anticellulare di Alcune Associazioni di Antimitotici su Elementi Proliferanti in Vitro
Authors: Lenti G. , Tortarolo E. , Musolino G. , Girardi F.
Published: April 2018

The action of some associations of cytostatic agents on « in vitro » embryonic cells are studied: chloramine, deacetylcolchicine and 6-mercapto-purine added with hydrocortisone, and 6-mercapto-purine plus chloramine.

The effective doses of each drug were always remarkably lower than those wich were found to have the minimal action in previous researches.

It is so demonstrated that this association potentiates the activity of the single drugs. The enhancement varies as for the type and intensity in the different experimented associations. The possibility of a therapeutical application of the cytotoxic combinations is discussed.
Studio Dell'attivita’ Succinodeidrogenasica in Ratti Portatori del Mieloma Di Oberling e Guerin in Fase Leucemica
Authors: Violante A. , Lorenzutti G. , Sapio U. , Ragni A.
Published: April 2018

The succino-dehydrogenase activity of liver, spleen and bone marrow has been studied in 25 rats, 15 of which had been inoculated with fragments of Oberling myeloma. The above enzyme activity appears to undergo a slighter decrease in leukemic organs than in normal ones.
RISULTATI DELLA RADIOTERAPIA DEI SARCOMI DELLA FARINGE TRATTATI DAL 1928 AL 1945 (125 CASI)
Authors: Luzzatti G.
Published: April 2018

125 primary sarcomas of the pharynx, radiologically treated in the years 1928 at 1945 in the Cancer Institute of Milan, have been statistically studied basing: on criteria taking into account the most important clinical and histological data.

The evolution of the neoplasms and the results obtained after roentgentherapy will be considered in a second part of the paper.
OSSERVAZIONI CITO-ISTOLOGICHE SUL « MIELOMA » DI OBERLING, GUÉRIN E GUÉRIN () E SULLA SUA EVOLUZIONE IN SENSO LEUCEMICO
Authors: Violante A. , Turrisi E. , Giordano G.
Published: April 2018

The cyto-histological picture of the rat « myeloma » according to Oberling and co-workers and the evolutive changes of this tumour in the course of time are described. Author's own observations point expecially to the remarkable leukemic spread of this tumour, independently of strain, sex and nursing.
Criteri Generali di Chirurgia Riparatrice Successiva a Demolizione per Neoplasie
Authors: Lovo G. F.
Published: April 2018

Indications and methods of surgical repair for solutions of continuity from tumour exeresis are depending on manyfold anatomicopathological, clinical and individual factors. An immediate repair is doubtless adbisable in benign tumours, where the site and size are a guide to the choice and establishment of the repairing method, and even in cases of tumours with a tendency to local recurrency. As far as malignant tumours are concerned, only a radical surgery may allow an immediate repair in epithelial tumours both cutaneous and glandular (breast). As concerns malignant connective tumours, and even more melanoblastomas, only the clinical recovery may consent plastic repair.
Modificazioni Indotte Dall'1–4 Dimetansulfonossibutano SUL Quadro Istologico del Testicolo di MUS Musculus Albinus
Authors: Farinella A. , Locatelli A.
Published: April 2018

Testes of albino mice treated with 1–4 dimethansulfonoxybutane for different periods (15 and 30 days) and with different doses (25-50-100 γ) have been histologically studied. After 15 days treatment unsignificant lesions were observed independently of the employed dose, while after 30 days the seminiferous epithelium had disappeared and azoospermia with remarkable hyperplasia of the leydighian system were noticed. On the basis of the results obtained some considerations are exposed.
La Potassiemia nelle Celiotomie per Neoplasie Genitali
Authors: Samuel S.
Published: April 2018

Data concerning the Leriche syndrome and the literature on the dosage of plasmatic K in operated patients are briefly surveyed. It is then referred on personal investigations on 35 patients (hospitalized in the Gynecological Department of the Cancer Institute of Milan) submitted to celiotomy for genital neoplasm. Data showed a clear decrease of the plasmatic K level in the first two days of the postoperative period and a return to normal within 6 days. Caution is advised against the occurrence of a postoperative acute hypopotassiemia favoured by previous conditions, and the routine dosage of plasmatic K in the first days following surgery is suggested.
Azione di un Nuovo Ormone Maschile Sull'Adenocarcinoma Mammario Murino Coltivato in Vitro
Authors: Rota M.
Published: April 2018

The action of a new male hormone, the flusterone (9 α fluorine-11β hydroxi-17 methyltestosterone), has been studied on « in vitro » cultures of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma of the C3H mouse strain, and compared with that exerted by methyltestosterone and testosterone at the same concentrations. The three tested hormones showed a growth inhibiting action at the concentration of 100 γ/ml, slighter for methyltestosterone and testosterone and rather more marked for flusterone.
Considerazioni Sull'Iperplasia Ghiandolare Cistica Dell'Endometrio dal Climaterio All'Età Senile
Authors: Mossetti C. , Garbagni G.
Published: April 2018

196 cases of endometrial gland hyperplasy were studied in climateric and senile patients. A particularly high incidence was observed in women aged 41 to 55. The hormonal condition has been studied in 42 women by vaginal cytologic investigations. An accordance between endometrial and vaginal pictures was observed in the 83.8 per cent of the menstruated patients and in the 81.8 per cent of those in menopause. In the cases without vaginal hyperoestrogenism, the existence of an endometrial hyper-receptivity is thought to be probable, and could be regarded as responsible for an endometrial atypical degeneration.
Comportamento Dell'Azoto e Valutazioni Spettrofotometriche in U.V. nel Plasma Refluo dal Fegato in Ratti Trattati Con P-Dimetilaminoazobenzene
Authors: Baglioni T. , Lado P.
Published: April 2018

I. The nitrogen behaviour and the spectrophotometric U.V. absorption of blood plasma flowing; back from the liver and of blood from the posterior vena cava was studied in rats under DAB treatment and under normal and Cantero diet. II. A decrease in nitrogen content and in the values of U.V. extinction was observed in plasma from animals fed Cantero diet. This is likely depending on protein deficiency of such a diet. III. In the DAB treated rats the increase of the nitrogen content in blood plasma flowing back from the liver, which is probably dependent on an increase of nitrogen compounds from liver, is generally consistent with a diminution of the U.V. extinction values. This behaviour is suggested to represent a qualitative or structural change in plasma proteins. IV. In hepatoma bearing animals, the nitrogen increase in plasma reflowing from peripheral zones and the decrease of that coming back from the liver would suggest a larger local nitrogen exploitment, whereas the extinction increase, observed in both plasma samples, may be related to changes in the composition or structure of protein molecules.
Iperplasia Collaterale Nella Oncogenesi Sperimentale Del Ratto: Rilievi in corso di trattamento con Vitamina A
Authors: Carminati V. , Baglioni T.
Published: April 2018

33 rats were inoculated with 10 mg of 3,4-benzpyrene. One month later, 18 of them were orally treated with 1000 I.U. of vitamin A weekly. After the tumour had developed, skin fragments from the area overlying the tumor and from the contralateral region were removed. In comparison with the controls not treated with vitamin A, it was observed 1) a reduction of the hyperplastic-dysplastic phenomena associated with hair hypoplasia and hypotrophy, both on the skin overlying the tumor and, to a less extent, in the apposite side, 2) a moderate reduction of the epidermal activity, 3) a marked decrease of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands, and 4) a more pronounced fibrillogenesis in the tumour capsule.
Attività « in Vitro » Del « Tossormone » Sulla Catalasi Cristallizzata
Authors: Spandrio L. , Agradi A. , Ceriotti G.
Published: April 2018

Seven toxohormone preparations from 4 human tumours, 2 ascites fluids from human cancer, 1 Ehrlich adenocarcinoma were tested for their anticatalase activity «in vitro». Five out of seven were found to inhibit crystalline catalase, depending on the dose employed. In two cases, on the contrary, catalase was increased. All were active «in vivo » on mouse liver catalase.
Modificazioni Metaboliche Di Elementi Umani Normali Coltivati « in Vitro » Indotte Da Frazione Cellulare Microsomiale Del Ceppo Neoplastico KB
Authors: Lenti G. , Tortarolo E. , Pellegrini A. , Pagano P. G.
Published: April 2018

The metabolism of normal renal cells cultivated «in vitro» undergoes several changes following contact with a microsomal fraction of neoplastic cell of KB strain. This new functional situation is characterised by a decreased O2 consumption and an increased aerobic glicolysis with a diminution of the oxydation/glicolysis ratio. Microsomal fraction of normal renal cells fails to induce any significant change.
Correlazione Fra Neoplasie E Gruppi Sanguigni Del Sistema ABO
Authors: Visconti A. , Tolio A. , Cava L.
Published: April 2018

The relation of cancer to ABO groups was studied in 2590 patients with malignant lesions of different sites (except for gastric tumours), in 171 cases of leukemia, and in 117 cases of Hodgkin's disease. 9607 Mood donors were kept as controls.

A prevalence of the A group was observed in tumours of the esophagus (148 cases), of the uterus and ovary (188 cases), in myeloid leukemia (71 cases), and in Hodgkin's disease (117 cases). A prevalence of the 0 group was observed in the 37 patients with lymphatic leukemia. However, A and 0 group prevalence was not found to be statistically significant.

No relation to ABO groups was demonstrated in tumours of the colon and rectum (489 cases), larynx (121), lung (806), prostata (111), urinary bladder (120), kidney (71), liver and biliary tract (200), and breast (344).

The study of larger series of cases is advised for a better evaluation of the relation between cancer and ABO groups.
L'Asportazione Dei Linfonodi Mammari Interni Nel Trattamento Del Cancro Mammario
Authors: Bucalossi P.
Published: April 2018

From 1948 to May 1961, 304 patients underwent radical mastectomy with dissection of the internal mammary lymph node chain at the Cancer Institute of Milan. Out of these, 199 were submitted to extrapleural removal of internal mammary lymph nodes, and 105 to an «en bloc » removal, with sterno-costal toracectomy.

Of the 305 cases operated upon by the two different techniques, 72 (23.7 %) had internal mammary metastases. The internal mammary involvement was found to be frequent also in tumours of the lateral quadrants (20%). In addition, it could be demonstrated that a relation exists between size of the mammary tumour and frequency of internal mammary metastases. The latter were present in the 15 per cent of tumours less than 3 cm in diameter and in the 61 per cent of tumours 8 cm or more in diameter.

Out of the 156 cases with axillary invasion, 54 (41 %) had also internal mammary metastases. Out of the 148 cases without axillary invasion, 7 (4.7 %) had internal mammary metastases.

Of the 165 patients operated upon until 1956 (by extrapleural exeresis not «en bloc » with the primary tumour), 91 (55.5 %) were alive after 5 years. The 5-year survival of cases with axillary metastases only was demonstated to be of the 52.4 per cent, whereas it drops to 13.2 per cent in cases with axillary and internal mammary metastases.
Diagnosi Colpocitologica Dell'Adenocarcinoma Dell'Endometrio Dopo Contrazione Provocata
Authors: Di Re F.
Published: April 2018

The main causes of error (false negatives) in the colpocytologic diagnosis: of endometrial neoplasms are pointed out. A diagnostic method is exposed, which is based on removal by aspiration — under colposcopic control — of the material excreted through the external uterine orifice following uterine contraction induced by i. v. administration of methylergobasine (methergin).

The following advantages are obtained with the present method: a) a higher percentage of endometrial cells in the cytologic preparation, b) absence of degenerative phenomena induced by the permanence within the vagina, and c) frequent recovery of small fragments of neoplastic tissue which facilitate the diagnosis.

A series of 27 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma is presented: a positive diagnosis has been attained in 24 cases, and a suspect diagnosis in 1, with an accuracy percentage much higher than that obtained by colpocytologic smears carried out by simple vaginal aspiration. In 20 cases of hyperplastic non-tumoral forms of the endometrium, examined by the same technique, no finding of false positivity has been observed.
Metastasi Ossee Da Neoplasie Dell'Apparato Gastro-Enterico: Studio radiologico
Authors: Dragoni G. , Salvini E.
Published: April 2018

Out of 2000 primary neoplasms of the digestive system, observed at the Institute of Radiology of the University of Milan, 15 cases of bone localization of metastatic type were encountered.

The radiologic diagnosis of metastatic bone changes has been in most cases unexpected, or suspected owing to the presence of a painful symptomatology of the involved skeletal area; these patients are in fact seldom submitted to a complete X-ray examination of the skeleton.

The present series includes 6 cases of epithelial neoplasms of the esophagus, 5 of the stomach and 4 of the rectum which, however, do not show particular characteristics of topographic, radiologic or pathologico-anatomical nature.

The sites more involved by metastatic changes are the spinal column and the pelvis, that is the most vascular flat bones with anastomotic connections with the Batson's vertebral plexus. Other sites are the scapula, the skull and the long bones. Their radiological appearances are similar to those of the secondary bone changes, with prevalence of osteolytic forms in comparison to osteoplastic ones.
A Histological Study of Five Syringomas of the Head
Authors: Pignataro Oreste
Published: April 2018

Five cases of syringomas localized at the head were studied: they were characterized by histological and clinical benignancy. Histologically, in 3 cases prevailed a solid structure with glands and cords composed of pluristratified cubic epithelial cells and of myoepithelial cells, while in the other 2 cases prevailed canalicular and cystic structures. Histochemical studies revealed the presence of glycogen in the tumor cells and in the intracellular spaces.
A Model for the Study of X-ray and Neutron Effects on Tumor Cell Populations
Authors: Silini Giovanni , Miller Rupert G.
Published: April 2018

This work deals with the mathematical formulation of a model for studying the effects of X-ray and fast-neutron irradiation on tumor cell populations, the end-effect being the inhibition of reproductive integrity. The variables considered in such a model are largely based on original work performed on trasplantable tumors and obtained in part from other published data; they regard: a) The sensitivity of the tumor cell population with respect both to the extrapolation number and to the slope of the exponential part of the survival curve. b) The type of radiation used, allowing for different RBE values under oxygenated or anoxic conditions. c) The oxygen-enhancement ratios of the radiations considered. d) Different modalities of irradiation (single and multiple doses), allowing for cell recovery in the latter case. e) Different modalities of fractionation with respect to the magnitude of the dose delivered at each fraction. f) The degree of anoxia and the percentage of anoxic cells in the tumor population. g) Possible variations in the percentage of anoxic cells at various points along the course of the radiation treatment. The results of this theoretical analysis are presented, both with regard to the shape of the survival curve of the total cell population and to dose-cure-rate tables, under each of the above-mentioned conditions. Finally, the possible advantages and limitations of the use of neutrons in clinical radiotherapy are briefly discussed.
Prognosis and Treatment of Wilms’ Tumor
Authors: Mastrangelo Renato
Published: April 2018

The paper reviews the prognosis and the program of treatment for Wilms’ tumor. Without therapy the disease is invariably fatal. Prognosis in treated cases is influenced by the type and the method of treatment as well as by the age of the patients and the anatomical extent of the disease. The overall survival is around 25 percent. For small and incapsulated tumors in patients of less than 18 months of age the treatment of choice is surgery and actinomycin D and prophylactic courses of actinomycin D every 2–3 months during the first year. The 2 year survival may range from 80 to 50 percent. For large and non incapsulated tumors in patients with more than 18 months of age and patients with extensive and not incapsulated tumor at any age, the treatment of choice is surgery preceded and followed by radiation therapy (1000 r and 3000 r respectively). Actinomycin D is administered soon after surgery and then prophylactically every 2–3 months during the first year. The 2-year survival may range from 50 to 10 percent. In presence of pulmonary metastases actinomycin D and radiotherapy are recommanded. In case of an isolated lung metastasis persisting for some time thoracotomy is advised. The 2-year survival is less than 10 percent. Patients with intra-abdominal recurrences should receive courses with actinomycin D and radiation therapy, after exploratory laparotomy but in these cases the 2-year survival rarely exceeds 1 percent.
Effect on the Sensitivity of Lymphoid Cells to Acriflavine after « in vivo » Treatment with Heterologous Albumin Coupled with Diazotized Acriflavin
Authors: Di Marco Aurelio , Silvestrini Rosella , Calendi Emidio
Published: April 2018

The possibility that the «in vivo» treatment with heterologous albumin coupled with diazotized acriflavine may affect the sensitivity of lymphoid cells to the action of acriflavine was studied. Albino mice CFW strain were treated subcutanceusly with the coupled albumin in the presence of complete Freund adjuvant. Lymph nodes from control and immunized animals, fifteen days after the treament, were cultured «in vitro» in the presence of different doses of acriflavine (from 0.5 to 4 μg/ml). The action of acriflavine was evaluated as the growth of cultures, the percent of lymphoid cells in the different phases of differentiation and the percent of proliferating cells after incubation for 24 hours in the presence of 3H thymidine. Results show that lymphoid cells of immunized mice are less sensitive to the citotoxic activity of acriflavine than those of the controls. Acriflavine, at low doses, reduces the growth of normal cultures and the proliferative activity of immature elements. At the highest doses the proliferation area is almost completely absent and the elements still present are strongly degenerated. Acriflavine, at the concentration able to reduce or to inhibit the growth of control cultures, is ineffective in altering the ratio of immature elements in cultures of immunized animals. The ability of these elements to incorporate 3H thymidine is also unchanged.
On the Respiration and Glycolysis in Epidermal Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Di Bella Salvatore , Mossetti Carlo , Panazzolo Angelo , Scarpa Flavio
Published: April 2018

Respiration and glycolysis (anaerobic and aerobic) in homogenates from seven cases of epidermal carcinoma and one case of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix were investigated. The malignant tissues were characterized by a high anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis and by a low level of respiration. The numerical indexes between anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis and respiration were 5 - 6.9 and 5.1 - 9.2 respectively, showing a low Pasteur effect. The results show that the competition between respiration and glycolysis ends up at full advantage of glycolysis.
Influence of Thromboplastin on the Development of Transplantable Tumors
Authors: Fumarola Donato , De Rinaldis Pietro , Restuccia Paolo
Published: April 2018

Thromboplastin administration, simultaneous to the inoculation of neoplastic cells (Ehrlich adenocarcinoma in the mouse and reticulosarcoma IRE in the rat), caused a significant shortening of the latent period for tumor development and of the survival time in the treated animals in comparison to control animals inoculated with tumoral cells only.
A Case of Carcinoma of the Stoma after Colostomy for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ficaki Antelio , Bertolotti Andrea
Published: April 2018

Description, of a case of carcinoma in a man with a history of chronic ulcerative colitis, who had a cecostomy IS years previously. Carcinoma arose in the mucosa of the cecostomy and infiltrated into the surrounding skin and a tract of the cecal wall, where neoplastic tissue coexisted with inflammatory changes of the mucosa.
Histological and Ultrastructural Study of the «Cortico-medullary Perivenular Lymphoid Sheaths» of the Mouse Thymus
Authors: Mazzarella Luigi , Fiore-donati Luciano
Published: April 2018

The present study is concerned with morphological investigations on some special vascular structures of the mouse thymus pertinent to the problem of «cellular traffic» in this organ. Thymuses from 20 normal mice of C3Hf/Gs and C57BL strains, ranging in age from 30 to 50 days, were examined by both light and electron microscopy. At the cortico-medullary junction wide post-capillary venules are present, running parallel to the border between cortex and medulla. They receive at right angles narrow capillaries coming especially from the cortex. The wall of these venules is formed of flattened endothelium, its basement membrane and epithelial reticular cells arranged as adventitial cells. The basement membrane of the endothelium is more or less regularly split in two layers (the inner «vascular» layer and the outer «parenchymal» layer) thus delineating a perivascular space containing one or more rows of lymphoid cells. This space, which has on the whole the character of a cylindrical perivascular channel, accompanies the cortico-medullary venules, although not necessarily along their entire course, and it is recognizable even around the cortical capillaries draining into them. The two layers of the basement membrane are lined on the inner side by the laminar cytoplasm of epithelial reticular cells, often interconnected by desmosomes. The ultrastructural characteristics of the perivascular space do not support the hypothesis of its lymphatic nature, as maintained by other authors. Lymphocytes were found in the process of migrating through either the «parenchymal» or «vascular» layer of the basement membrane. Although the direction of migration cannot be determined by static pictures, some morphological data seem to suggest that lymphocytes, at the level of the cortico-medullary venules, move from the thymic parenchyma towards the perivascular space and from there into the circulating blood stream. It is suggested that the perivascular apparatus be termed «cortico-medullary perivenular lymphoid sheath».
Biological Activity and Therapeutic Usefulness of Daunomycin
Authors: Di Marco Aurelio
Published: April 2018

Daunomycin is a new antibiotic of the anthracycline group obtained from Streptomyces peucetius; it consists of a pigmented aglycone (daunomycinone) in glycoside linkage with an aminosugar (daunosamine), Strictly related substances are Rubidomicine and Rubomycin C. Daunomycin has a strong cytotoxic and antimitotic effect on the «in vitro» growth of mammalian normal and neoplastic cells. Its most important metabolic effect is the inhibition of the synthesis of RNA and DNA. This effect can be considered as a result of the binding of Daunomycin to DNA. The antimitotic activity of Daunomycin however is only in part dependent on this metabolic effect. Daunomycin has a strong inhibiting effect on the growth of transplanted tumors, both in the ascitic and solid forms with a remarkable prolongation of survival time in animals. In experimental leukemia this antibiotic shows a significant therapeutic effect also on advanced systemic L 1210, on the leukemia transplantable linea resistant to methotrexate, 6MP, and cyclophosphamide. The most pronounced toxic effects of Daunomycin are bone marrow depression and marked reduction in lymphoid tissues; histological studies in the lethal dose range showed also degenerative changes in liver, kidney, intestinal tract and testis. Daunomycin is not effective by mouth probably because it is inactivated in the gastro-intestinal tract; in fact the antibiotic is quickly transformed by liver extracts in inactive products. The observed toxic effects in man are: severe local reactions if the drug extravasates, bone marrow depression, leucopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, fever, oral ulcers and alopecia. Liver disturbances were observed in some patients treated with Daunomycin. In patients receiving a total dosage of Daunomycin of 25 mg/or more, cardiac symptoms were observed, such as tachycardia, pulmonary insufficiency, heart failure and hypotension, possibly associated with the drug. Similar and more frequent effects were observed in patients treated with Rubidomicine. A relatively high remission rate was observed in acute lymphoid leukemia; the remission could be prolonged by maintenance therapy. Daunomycin was also temporarily effective in some cases of neuroblastoma, reticular cell sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. A more extensive evaluation of this drug, on different neoplasias is under way at several hospitals.
An Outline of the Problem of Environmental Carcinogenesis
Authors: Fiore-Donati Luciano
Published: April 2018

The validity and limits of the information on environmental carcinogens are reviewed. Although the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are largely unknown, in several cases the existing data are sufficient for the development of a program of primary prevention of tumors.
Trend of Total and District Activity in Patients Subjected to Intralymphatic Radiotherapy
Authors: De Vecchi Alberto , Bertoli Maria Antonia , Fava Giannino , Hliniakowa Irena
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is to determine the dose received by every organ of patients subjected to intralymphatic radiotherapy with Lipiodol F181I. For this purpose external counting techniques have been devised for determining the effective half-life (Te). The determination of the initial concentration (Co) will be considered in a subsequent paper. Systematic checks were carried out on 9 patients with a Nukab scanner by means of sectorial counts, total body scanning and body profiles. By measuring the areas of successive profiles in the same patient, the effective half-life of the radioactive substance in the different body sections could be exactly determined. No shifting of the medium from the abdominal to the thoracic region by direct lymphatic route could be detected from the first day after lymphography until almost total decay of 131I. The trend of radioactivity accumulation in the lung was studied during injection and during the first few hours after lymphography. Some hypotheses as to the trend of activity in the various body districts and the possible metabolic routes of the medium in the body are advanced.
Combined Use of Vinblastine and Vincristine in the Treatment of Tumors
Authors: Cardinali Giuseppe , Nervi Carlo
Published: April 2018

A series of 70 patients with advanced incurable neoplasms, received a combined treatment with vinblastine (VLB) and vincristine (VCR). VLB was given at a dose of 7.5 to 10 mg and VCR at a dose of 0.75 to 1 mg. The two agents were administered intravenously at weekly intervals. Good remissions were obtained in patients with lymphoma and with mycosis fungoides. The best results were obtained in the cases of Hodgkin's disease. It is of interest that the combined treatment was effective in cases which had already become resistant or poorly responsive to various chemical agents including, in a few cases, the vinca alkaloids given separately.
Enhancement of Pulmonary Metastases following the Intravenous Infusion of a Suspension of Ellagic Acid
Authors: Agostino Domenico
Published: April 2018

The intravenous injection of a suspension of ellagic acid increased pulmonary metastases from 33 per-cent in the controls to 85 per-cent in the ellagic acid (EA) treated rats. A significant shortening of the silicone and glass clotting times, and a reduction in bleeding following the partial amputation of the tail was also observed after the infusion of EA. There was no obvious untoward side effect of EA in any of the animals studied in these series.
The Role of Epithelial Reticular Thymic Cells in the Leukemogenesis by Gross Virus in Rats
Authors: Calì Antonio , Vecchione Raffaella , Coscia-Porrazzi Luigi , Palombini Lucio
Published: April 2018

It is a well-known fact that thymic tissue enclosed in millipore diffusion chambers is capable of restoring both lymphopoiesis and immunological reactivity. Attempts to restore leukemogenesis by the same technique have so far proved unsuccessful. It seemed worthwhile to use the thymic tissue culture technique in order to obtain a quantitatively greater number of epithelial reticular cells. These cells were transplanted intramuscularly in the thigh of 40–50 day old W/Fu rats, thymectomized at birth and injected with Gross virus at 3–4 days of age. In 5 out of 11 animals a lymphoma appeared 6–8 months later at the site of implantation of thymic cells. In control animals (not injected with virus), islands of more or less morphologically normal thymus developed from the grafted cells. The findings suggest that, whereas reticular cells can restore lymphopoiesis and immunological reactivity, the presence of a whole thymus is essential for leukemogenesis to occur.
Radical and Palliative Surgery of the Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Rock Teo
Published: April 2018

Carcinoma of the esophagus is a squamous cell carcinoma in 90 % of cases and an adenocarcinoma in 10 %. It accounts for 50 % of esophageal diseases and 3 to 5 % of all malignant tumors. In 40 % of cases it is located in the middle third, in 40–45 % in the lower third and cardia, and in the remaining cases in the upper thoracic segment and in the cervical esophagus. Although the biological malignancy is relatively low, the clinical malignancy is high, due to delayed diagnosis and to the peculiar anatomic and topographic situation. For this reason radical surgery, which is conditioned by tumor site, ways of spread and the obstacles of mediastinal structures, is only possible in a restricted number of cases. The site determines the surgical approach, extent of resection, type and preparation of the plastic material and mode of insertion into the thorax. The stomach is an organ suitable for plastic repair whereas the jejunum and colon have some contraindications. The results of surgery in cases amenable to radical surgery are not unsatisfactory. Operative mortality has reached reasonable values in the past few years: 12 % for middle and high localizations, and 8 % for low localization in the author's experience. 5-year survival in cases of low localizations in 6 % in the examined cases and 15 % in the operated cases; in cases of middle localizations 2 % in the examined cases and 10 % in the operated cases. For the upper, supraaortic localizations no cases of survival are recorded in any surgical series. The longest survival in the author's series is 16 years for low localizations and 13 years for middle localizations. With regard to palliative treatment, simple choices should be made since the results are similar to those of major surgery. Complications may occur immediately, early or late; particular consideration is given to anastomotic fistulas and to reflux esophagitis.
Osservazioni su Generazioni Successive di Tumori Prodotti in Criceti con Inoculo di Cellule Trasformate da SV40
Authors: Menezes José
Published: April 2018

This paper describes some important features of successive generations of tumors produced in hamsters by inoculation of SV40-transformed cells (C12TSV5 and RHaT), and presents data indicating the correlation among increased percentage of polykaryocytes in the tumor primary cell cultures, increased capacity of cells for fusion, and the production of metastases. According to our knowledge this correlation has not yet been described in tumor biology. The data presented also suggest that the large polykaryocytes from tumor primary cell cultures do not multiply and that they are particularly affected by most experimental procedures. Thus they appear to perish or be drastically reduced in cultures of cells submitted to centrifugation, freezing procedures for routine cells preservation and even trypsination.

Our observations also show that cell morphology, SV40 rescuability, and T-antigen appear to be among the features which are not lost in transformed cells throughout in vivo passages.

Furthermore, a theory is discussed in an attempt to explain, in part, the local growth of the tumor as well as the occurrence of metastases in the hamster, particularly those at the lymph node level.
Description and Trial of a Clinical Diagnostic Index for the early Diagnosis of Mammary Carcinoma.
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Re Alberto
Published: April 2018

A method of clinical investigation has been developed for the early diagnosis of mammary carcinoma based on the scoring of 10 Symptomatologie features of mammary nodules of doubtful malignancy. These features are: variations in size, consistency, form, surface, limits, mobility, protrusion, pain on pressure, presence and nature of secretion from the nipple, nature of axillary lymph nodes. Each feature is scored +2, + 1, 0, −1 or −2 according to whether it points to a malignant, doubtful or benign lesion, +2 and −2 indicating a more definite degree one way or the other. The number emerging from the algebric sum of the ten scores is rated as the complex score or clinical diagnostic index. The validity of the method was tested in 93 cases of clinically doubtful mammary nodules later subjected to histologic examination. The method yielded the right answer in 91 % (compared with 80 % for mammography) and false negatives in 2.2 % (compared with 15 %) of the 46 cases of mammary carcinoma. It yielded the right answer in 48.9 % (compared with 42.5 % for mammography) and 34 % false positives (same percentage as for mammography) of the 47 benign lesions. Thermography, used in about four-fifths of the cases, showed a much lower success rate. The combined outcome of clinical diagnostic index and mammography made it possible to avoid the preliminary classification of carcinomas as benign lesions. It was therefore concluded that the method is useful in uncertain mammary nodules, though the results of a larger trial, now in progress, must be awaited before expressing a definite verdict.
Liver and Spleen Scanning in the Study of Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Buraggi Gian Luigi , Rodari Antonio , Grisotti Giordano , Laurini Roberto
Published: April 2018

With the object of evaluating the diagnostic importance of liver and spleen scintigraphy in lymphoblastomas, the hepatic and splenic scintigraphic patterns and their actual conditions ascertained through surgical exploration have been compared. 112 scintigraphic tests of liver and 46 of spleen were performed on patients with lymphoma who afterwards underwent splenectomy and multiple hepatic biopsy. Liver scintigraphy provided reliable evidence on the anatomopatological situation of the liver in most cases but also a fair number of false positives, combined sometimes with false negatives, and a large number of doubtful cases. As for as splenic scintigraphy is concerned, there were no positives but a good percentage of false negatives, probably related to the size of the anathomical alterations. In the case of multiple micronodular lesions the limit of scintigraphic detection seems to be about 1 cm.

In conclusion, at present, in the case of lymphoblastomas, scintigraphic explorations cannot replace surgical exploration in the appraisal of the diffusion of the disese.
Preliminary Study of the Bacterial Flora and Indications for Antibiotic Therapy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Bajetta Emilio , Monfardini Silvio , Gasparini Marco , Dettori Renzo
Published: April 2018

A retrospective evaluation of infections that occurred at the National Cancer Institute of Milan during 1971 showed that the majority of them were still produced by gram-positive bacilli, even in myelosuppressed patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Only in patients with urinary tract infection and in febrile patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was the incidence of gram-negative higher than that of gram-positive infections. The persistence of the predominance of gram-positive versus gram-negative bacilli could be partly due to the fact some new antibiotics have been introduced into clinical practice later in Italy then in other countries. The incidence of fungi positive cultures was comparable to that reported in other centers. The importance of knowing the bacterial ecology in a given center or ward in order to choose the appropriate initial antibiotic therapy is discussed.
Dosimetry of a Filter for Treating Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix with Cobalt to Complement Intracavitary Curietherapy
Authors: Ricci Sante Basso , Cortese Giorgio , Fava Giannino , Massetti Renato , Sichirollo Adele Emilia , Zonca Giancarlo , Zucali Roberto
Published: April 2018

A shaped filter has been designed for treating carcinoma of the uterine cervix with cobalt in cases previously treated with intracavitary curietherapy. The filter is designed so that the dose delivered by cobalt from the midline of the pelvis to the periphery in order to compensate rises the decreasing dose of intracavitary therapy. Since this method rules out the possibility of overdosed areas, the total dose delivered to the pelvis may be increased to levels not formerly allowed.
Malignant Melanoma in Egypt
Authors: El-Bolkainy M. Nabil , Ebeid A. M.
Published: April 2018

Sono presentati 42 casi di melanoma maligno in pazienti egiziani e una rassegna di 165 casi precedentemente riportati in letteratura. L'età media era di 48 anni e leggermente superiore nei maschi. Di tutti i casi studiati, il 67% dei melanomi erano cutanei, il 22% extracutanei e l'11% a sede primaria sconosciuta. Lentigo maligna e i melanomi a diffusione superficiale sono stati eccezionalmente rari. Il piede è stata la sede più comune (43%) del melanoma cutaneo, seguito dalla regione testa-collo (26%). La frequenza di melanomi del piede è stata superiore a quella riscontrata nei caucasiani di pelle più chiara, mentre è stata inferiore a quella osservata nella razza negra. Vengono discussi i possibili fattori responsabili di questa variazione di localizzazione dei melanomi tra le differenti razze.
Reliability and Value of Diagnostic Lymphography in Carcinoma of the Sigmoid, Rectum and Anus.
Authors: Musumeci Renato , Doci Roberto , Gennari Leandro , Petrillo Raffaele , Valente Maurizio , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

From 1963 to 1973, 253 patients with cancer of the sigmoid, rectum and anus underwent diagnostic lymphography at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. In 218 patients lymphography was performed as part of the initial diagnostic work-up, while in 35 it was done during the follow up period, after surgery. The accuracy of radio-histological correlation was 95 %. This confirms the reliability of diagnostic lymphography and its clinical usefulness. In view of these results, this diagnostic tool is essential in the initial evaluation in patients with carcinoma of the anus, because lymphography was superior (28 %) to the clinical inspection (6 %) in the evaluation of the inguino-iliac lymph nodes. Lymphography is also useful in rectal cancer since it permits, in case of nodal metastases, selection of a group of patients in whom the therapeutic program should be revised. The exam is useless in cancer of the sigmoid. In the small group of patients who had lymphography in the follow up period, this technique was the only to show, in symptomatic patients, the presence of pelvic and/or para-aortic nodal metastases. Lymphography is also useful in these patients for the evaluation of the results of the radio/chemotherapy on involved nodes.
Effect of Daunorubicin and Adriamycin on Nucleic ACID Synthesis of Serum Stimulated Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts
Authors: Supino Rosanna , Casazza Anna M. , Di Marco Aurelio
Published: April 2018

This paper reports the effects of daunorubicin and adriamycin on DNA and RNA synthesis of in vitro cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) stimulated by fetal calf serum (FCS). The addition of FCS to quiescent MEF cultures brings about a wave of RNA synthesis, followed by DNA synthesis which starts between 8 and 12 h after change of medium and proceed for up to 24 h. These cells are therefore partially synchronized. The level of DNA synthesis depends on the amount of FCS added. Daunorubicin and adriamycin are almost equally effective in inhibiting DNA synthesis, as well as cell proliferation, which takes place later. Adriamycin is more active than daunorubicin on RNA synthesis. In cultures treated for an 8 h period starting at different times after FCS addition, the highest DNA synthesis inhibition is achieved by treatment during the first 8 h, when DNA synthesis has not yet started. The cellular uptake of daunorubicin is constantly higher than that of adriamycin, in any experimental condition tested. The results show that FCS-stimulated MEF can provide a simple method for studying the effects of anthracycline antibiotics on partially synchronized cells.
Rhabdomyoma (Adult Type) of the Sublingual Region
Authors: Ferracini Romano , Cavina Carlo , Morrone Bernardino
Published: April 2018

A case of sublingual rhabdomyoma (adult type) in a 40-year-old man is reported. A review of the world literature revealed 28 acceptable previous cases.
Histological Typing and Nuclear Evaluation of Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Filotico Marcello , Trabucco Mario , Faggiano Francesco
Published: April 2018

On the basis of the nuclear pattern « homologous adenocarcinoma » of the endometrium, arising in women under 40, may be divided into three cytologically distinguishable entities: 1) atypical adenomatous hyperplasia Grade 1; 2) atypical adenomatous hyperplasia Grade 2; 3) adenocarcinoma; probably different also at biological level.
Bone Marrow Amyloid in Patients with M-component
Authors: Tosato Giovanna , Fagiolo Enzo
Published: April 2018

Amyloid substance was looked for in bone marrow aspirates of 28 patients presenting an M-component, in association with different illnesses (plasmocytoma, chronic lymphatic leukemia, lymphocytic lymphoma, « benign monoclonal gammapathy » and liver cirrhosis). Amyloid was detected in 12 out of 20 patients with plasmocytoma (60 %) and in 3 out of 8 patients with other illnesses (37.5%); it was found in 9 out of 13 cases (69.2%) presenting exclusive light chain production and in 6 out of 15 cases (40 %) with a monoclonal complete Ig. Lambda type light chain, either free or Ig-bound, was slightly more often (6 cases out of 10, 60 %) associated with amyloidosis than was K (9 cases out of 17, 52.9%). Bone marrow appeared to be more frequently involved than other sites considered elective such as rectal mucosa. Amyloid appeared as an intensively fluorescent substance present intercellularly in areas of variable number and size.
Mortality among Dock-yard Workers in Genoa, Italy
Authors: Puntoni Riccardo , Russo Luigi , Zannini Damiano , Vercelli Marina , Gambaro Rita Parodi , Valerio Federico , Santi Leonardo
Published: April 2018

The causes of death among the dock-yard workers of Genoa from December 31, 1959 to January 1, 1970, have been investigated. These workers, mainly assigned to ship repair, refitting and construction, are exposed to several noxious substances, such as: asbestos, silica, paint solvents, welding smoke and volatile products of petroleum. Two different control groups were selected: the male population of Genoa and the staff of the San Martino Hospital in Genoa. Causes of death showing a significant increase were: gastric cancer (only in comparison with the hospital staff), cancer of colon excluding rectum, lung cancer, cancer of kidney, urinary bladder and other urinary organs, respiratory diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, cardiovascular diseases (only in comparison with the hospital staff).
Complement - dependent Serum Cytotoxicity of Cancer Patients Studied by 51Cr Release Assay on Human Cancer Lines
Authors: Puche José Garcia , Canevari Silvana , Fossati Giuseppe , Porta Giuseppe Della , Vezzoni Paolo
Published: April 2018

The conditions for a 51Cr release assay on cell lines derived from human solid tumors were determined by using a rabbit antihuman antiserum with human AB serum as source of complement. By this assay 38 sera collected before and after surgery from 19 breast cancer patients and 28 sera from 12 melanoma patients and 16 healthy donors were tested on 3 lines derived from breast cancer tissue and 1 line derived from normal breast tissue. Ten of the breast cancer patients had lymph node metastases and 9 did not. Positive reactions were obtained from 4 breast cancer patients, all with lymph node metastases, and from 1 healthy donor. In a second experiment, 58 coded sera belonging to 4 different groups of cancer and non-cancer individuals were assayed on a colonic cancer line (HT-29), and 33 and 20 of them were also tested on a melanoma line (MeWo) and on a breast cancer line (MaCa 13), respectively. Positive responses were few, and were more frequently observed among transfused than non-transfused patients.
Experience with BCG Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Stage II Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Deutschmann Karin E. M. , Peter Hans H. , Schultheis Willi , Deicher Helmuth
Published: April 2018

Three years experience with post operative BCG adjuvant immunotherapy in stage II malignant melanoma is reported. Compared to a historical control group (35 cases), 23 melanoma patients showed a significantly improved remission duration and survival rate. It appears that patients with weak initial BCG reactions, which become gradually positive after several immunizations, get more benefit from the adjuvant immunotherapy than do patients with strongly positive initial BCG reactions.
Mortality from Esophageal Cancer in Piedmont, Italy
Authors: Pastore Guido , Vigliani Roberto , Terracini Benedetto
Published: April 2018

Piedmont is located at the borderline between Italy (where mortality from esophageal cancer is relatively low) and France and Switzerland (where it is relatively high). Therefore, it seemed of interest to investigate the mortality from this cancer in Piedmont. Age-adjusted yearly mortality rates for 1965–1969 were 4.3 and 0.8 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. Rates were very similar in the town of Torino, in the 23 suburbs of the first belt, in the nonmetropolitan areas of the province of Torino, and in the other 5 provinces of Piedmont. In both sexes, the rates did not differ from those observed in Italy during 1966–1967, whereas rates for males were lower than the national rates for France and Switzerland (14.0 and 8.5/100,000/year, respectively). Rates for males were also lower than in the adjacent French departments of Savoie, Haute-Savoie, and Isère (where in 1967–1968 they ranged between 9 and 16). Mortality rates from esophageal cancer in the town of Torino were constant from 1951–1971. During the same period, mortality from laryngeal cancer in men doubled. This suggests that although some etiological agents (alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking) are common to esophageal and laryngeal cancer, the interplay between these 2 factors as well as that with other carcinogens is different for the 2 types of cancer.