bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of three unexpected new psychoactive substances at an Australian drug checking service
Authors: Algar Jess L. , Lawes Douglas J. , Carroll Adam J. , Caldicott David , McLeod Malcolm D.
Published: January 2024

Drug checking is a harm reduction measure that provides people with the opportunity to confirm the identity and purity of substances before consumption. The CanTEST Health and Drug Checking Service is Australia's first fixed‐site drug checking service, where clients can learn about the contents of the samples they provide while receiving tailored harm reduction and health advice. Three samples were recently presented to the service with the expectation of 4‐fluoromethylphenidate (4F‐MPH) 1, methoxetamine (MXE) 2 and 3‐methylmethcathinone (3‐MMC) 3. The identity of all three samples did not meet these expectations and remained unknown on‐site, as no high confidence identifications were obtained. However, further analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high resolution gas chromatography‐electron ionisation‐mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry at the nearby Australian National University allowed for the structure elucidation of the three samples as 4‐fluoro‐α‐pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (4F‐α‐PiHP) 4, 1‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)‐4‐methylpiperazine (4F‐MBZP) 5 and N‐propyl‐1,2‐diphenylethylamine (propylphenidine) 6, respectively. Given all three samples were not of the expected identity and have not yet been described as new psychoactive substances in the literature, this study presents a full characterisation of each compound. As exemplified by this rapid identification of three unexpected new psychoactive substances, drug checking can be used as an effective method to monitor the unregulated drug market.
Clinical characteristics of hospitalized male adolescents and young adults with atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Vargas Ruben , Sanders Austin E. , Stuart Elena , Downey Amanda E. , Chaphekar Anita V. , Nguyen Anthony , Ganson Kyle T. , Buckelew Sara M. , Garber Andrea K.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To describe the clinical characteristics of male adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) and to compare their clinical characteristics with females with atypical AN and males with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method

A retrospective review of electronic medical records for patients with atypical AN and AN aged 9–25 admitted to the UCSF Eating Disorders Program from May 2012 to August 2020 was conducted.

Results

Among 21 males with atypical AN (mean age 15.1 ± 2.7, mean %mBMI 102.0 ± 11.8), medical complications evidenced by admission laboratory values included anemia (52.9%), vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (52.6%), and zinc deficiency (31.6%). Compared with females with atypical AN (n = 69), males with atypical AN had longer length of stay (11.4 vs 8.4 days, p = .004), higher prescribed kcal at discharge (4114 vs 3045 kcal, p < .001), lower heart rate nadir (40.0 vs 45.8, p = .038), higher aspartate transaminase (AST, 37.9 vs 26.2 U/L, p = .032), higher alanine transaminase (ALT, 30.6 vs 18.3 U/L, p = .005), and higher rates of anemia (52.9% vs 19.4%, p = .005), with no differences in vitamin D, zinc, and vital signs. Compared with males with AN (n = 40), males with atypical AN had no significant differences in vital signs or laboratory assessments during the hospitalization.

Discussion

Atypical AN in males leads to significant medical comorbidity, and males with atypical AN require longer hospital stays compared to females with atypical AN. Rates of abnormal vital signs and abnormal serum laboratory values during hospital admissions do not differ in males with atypical AN compared to AN.

Public Significance

Adolescent and young adult males with atypical anorexia nervosa experience significant medical complications. Males with atypical anorexia nervosa had longer hospitalizations and higher prescribed nutrition at discharge than females. Medical complications of atypical anorexia nervosa in male adolescents and young adults were generally equal to those of male adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa. Clinicians should be aware of unique medical complications of males with atypical anorexia nervosa.
Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene‐Induced Rearrangement of Ga‐Phosphaketene
Authors: Li Bin , Wölper Christoph , Weinert Hanns Micha , Siera Hannah , Haberhauer Gebhard , Schulz Stephan
Published: January 2024

Reactions of LGa(Cl)P(cAAC) (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2, MecAAC (MecAAC=1‐(2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylidene) with NaPCO and NaN3 gave LGa(PCO)P(MecAAC) (1) and LGa(N3)P(MecAAC) (2), respectively. DFT calculations on the nature of compounds 1 and 2 reveal a phosphaalkene rather than a carbene‐phosphinidene structure. The reaction of 1 with MecAAC resulted in a nucleophilic attack of the electron‐rich P atom on the γ‐C backbone of the β‐diketiminate ligand to give compound 3 as the major product and cyclic 1,2‐diphospha‐1,3‐butadiene LGa(P2OC)MecAAC (4) in minor yield.
TL‐PBot: Twitter bot profile detection using transfer learning based on DNN model
Authors: Bibi Maryam , Hussain Qaisar Zahid , Aslam Naeem , Faheem Muhammad , Akhtar Perveen
Published: January 2024

Online social networks (OSNs) have reduced global boundaries, with Twitter enabling perspective sharing. Bot profile‐propagated false information misuse raises serious concerns. Considering this issue, we present our research on classifying Twitter accounts as “human” or “bot” using deep neural networks and transfer learning. Our proposed approach, TL‐PBot, stands for bot profile detection using transfer learning. The TL‐PBot framework utilizes Twitter account metadata such as follower count. Our TL‐PBot also incorporates text data from the Twitter description field as a feature. Word representation of the text data is achieved using Global Vectors (GloVe), a pre‐trained model. By employing user profile‐based features, we significantly reduce the overhead of feature engineering. The hybrid nature of the model enables it to effectively handle mixed‐type features, including text, binary, and numerical data. We design the network using long‐short‐term memory (LSTM) units. DNN model layers were trained, and the weights of the pre‐trained model layers were frozen to apply the transfer learning, resulting in reduced training time and improved bot profile detection accuracy. The performance of the proposed TL‐PBot is evaluated using publicly available datasets. The proposed approach is trained and tested on the same datasets and further evaluated on the validation datasets that were not used in the training phase, which is also a novelty in our approach. Comparative analysis with state‐of‐the‐art approaches demonstrates that the TL‐PBot approach achieves a higher accuracy of 98.07%, while excelling in precision of 99%, recall of 98%, f measure of 98.32%, and AUC of 0.99. Employing the transfer learning strategy resulted in an accelerated detection rate of 5.04 milliseconds, attesting to the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing computational efficiency.
Substrate Modifications for Stability Improvements of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Jingyang , He Yanling , Mo Hongbo , Khaleed Abdul , Ren Zhilin , Li Yin , Cao Yingnan , Tang Jinyao , Wang Wei‐Ting , Feng Shien‐Ping , Sun Zhao , Li Wen‐Di , Zhu Tao , Li Gang , Ng Alan Man Ching , Djurišić Aleksandra B.
Published: January 2024

Flexible perovskite solar cells (fPSCs) prepared on flexible plastic substrates exhibit poor stability under illumination in ambient, due to inferior gas barrier properties of plastic substrates. Herein, we investigated effect of different modifications of the back surface of the substrate to improve stability under illumination in ambient. T80 under simulated solar illumination at maximum power point in ambient (ISOS‐L‐1) can be increased from 80 h to over 350 h with the deposition of a single layer (by spin‐coating or by atomic layer deposition (ALD)). While ALD layers resulted in the best T80 value and significant reduction of the oxygen transmission rate compared to other modifications even for very low film thickness (≈10 nm), a simple solution‐processed spin‐on‐glass barrier layer also enables significant (more than 4 times) improvement in device stability. This work illustrates the importance of barrier layers for decreasing the ingress of oxygen and moisture into fPSCs through the plastic substrate.
Displacement‐based design procedures for rigid block isolation
Authors: Destro Bisol Giacomo , DeJong Matthew J. , Liberatore Domenico , Sorrentino Luigi
Published: January 2024

When subjected to earthquakes, many objects or structural elements behave like rocking rigid blocks. Computer servers, medical shelves, art objects, statues, and electrical transformers are frequently included in this category. Protection of these objects is an important task, considering that their value could be inestimable or their operation crucial during earthquakes; base isolation technology has been proven to be a viable option for this purpose. Initially, the dynamic model of a rocking rigid block placed on a base isolation device is reviewed. Then, two equivalent‐static displacement‐based procedures for designing the isolators for these types of objects are proposed, and the main steps are illustrated. The first procedure aims to determine isolator characteristics to prevent the initiation of rocking motion during the code‐level earthquake event. The second procedure is aimed at designing isolators that allow a specified maximum rotation of the block during seismic events. The proposed procedures are validated by means of time‐history analyses for a suite of spectrum‐compatible accelerograms. The first displacement‐based procedure appears particularly suitable for objects of small to medium size. The validation of the second procedure demonstrates that the equal displacement rule can be applied for this kind of systems, despite their softening. The results also indicate that the approach is particularly effective for medium to large structures/objects, if small oscillations are acceptable. The controlled rocking procedure offers a significant advantage by allowing for a reduction in the maximum displacement and period of the isolator, compared to situations where rocking motion must be prevented entirely.
The multifaceted potential of fenugreek seeds: From health benefits to food and nanotechnology applications
Authors: Faisal Zargham , Irfan Rushba , Akram Noor , Manzoor Hafiz Muhammad Irfan , Aabdi Mohib Ali , Anwar Muhammad Junaid , Khawar Sharjeel , Saif Asifa , Shah Yasir Abbas , Afzaal Muhammad , Desta Derese Tamiru
Published: January 2024

The present lifestyle, dietary patterns, psychological pressure, environmental factors, and the widespread exploitation of processed substances in food production and farming have collectively contributed to a substantial expediting in the development of various health problems. Globally, researchers have been seeking natural pharmaceutical substances with the potential to be employed in treating lifestyle‐related diseases or delaying their onset. Fenugreek seeds have gained significant attention in various fields, including health, nutrition, and cutting‐edge nanotechnology applications, due to their versatile qualities. The current investigation offers a comprehensive discussion of the nutritional composition and therapeutic potential of fenugreek seeds, with an emphasis on their plentiful reservoir of bioactive compounds. This seed demonstrates promising medicinal potential in addressing a wide range of health issues. Significantly, these findings indicate noteworthy properties, such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti‐obesity, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the components of fenugreek seeds are important in the development of a multitude of foods, which is the reason why they are used extensively in the area of food research. In addition to their nutritional value, their exploration of nanotechnology reveals a promising domain, utilizing the distinctive characteristics of seeds for many purposes, such as nanoparticle synthesis and oil for edible films and nanoemulsions. This review article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of fenugreek seeds, examining their wide‐ranging applications in the fields of health, nutrition, food, and nanotechnology.
Powering Innovation: The Comprehensive Impact of Generative AI
Authors: Poland Shaun , Sharad Siddhartha , Wigen‐Toccalino Gus
Published: January 2024

Understanding the role of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in the energy and utility sector necessitates distinguishing it from traditional AI applications. AI generally encompasses machine capabilities for tasks that require human intelligence, such as discerning patterns and making decisions. GenAI is a specialized subset of AI and goes further, by creating entirely new content—text, images, or data—through learning from existing datasets and generating new, unique outputs (Figure 1).
In‐house virtual surgical planning and guided mandibular reconstruction is less precise, but more economical and time‐efficient than commercial procedures
Authors: Block Ole Moritz , Khromov Tatjana , Hoene Georg , Schliephake Henning , Brockmeyer Phillipp
Published: January 2024

Background

To compare an in‐house and a commercially available surgical planning solution for mandibular reconstruction in terms of postoperative reconstruction accuracy and economic benefit.

Methods

Twenty‐nine consecutive patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requiring segmental mandibular reconstruction were enrolled. Fifteen patients underwent in‐house surgical planning and 14 patients underwent a commercially available planning solution. A morphometric comparison of preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) data sets and a cost–benefit comparison were performed.

Results

Volumes of planned and reconstructed bone segments differed significantly for both in‐house planning (p = 0.0431) and commercial planning (p < 0.0001). Significant differences in osteotomy angles were demonstrated for in‐house planning (p = 0.0391). Commercial planning was superior to in‐house planning for total mandibular deviation (p = 0.0217), intersegmental space volumes (p = 0.0035), and lengths (p = 0.0007). No significant difference was found between the two planning solutions in terms of intersegmental ossification and the incidence of wound healing disorders. In‐house planning took less time than commercial planning (p < 0.0001). Component manufacturing costs (p < 0.0001) and total cumulative costs (p < 0.0001) were significantly lower for in‐house planning.

Conclusions

In‐house surgical planning is less accurate but has a cost advantage and could be performed in less time.
Experiences and perspectives of integrating nutrition education into an exercise program for people with chronic medical conditions
Authors: Powter Hannah , Lambert Kelly , Nicholls Natalie
Published: January 2024

Issue Addressed

Community‐based healthy eating and exercise programs are effective interventions to support some people with chronic conditions. This research aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of participants regarding the integration of nutrition education into a successful group based exercise program for people with chronic medical conditions.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with past participants of a community based group exercise program (Health Moves) with embedded nutrition advice based in a regional area of New South Wales. A total of 60 individuals who had participated in the Health Moves program between 2017 and 2019 were invited to participate and 19 (32%) randomly selected participants consented to be interviewed. Interviews explored participants' experiences, program impacts, and barriers to sustaining changes post program. Similar concepts and patterns were grouped into themes.

Results

Four themes were identified that described the experiences with a community‐based group exercise intervention with a nutrition component. The major themes evident were that Health Moves facilitated motivation (via access to health professionals, peer support, accountability, affordability); and there were challenges identified to sustaining change (including cost, comorbidities, end of program support, environmental factors); Nutrition advice was valuable for some but not for all (difficulty recalling nutrition components, superficial coverage) Practical and interactive nutrition advice is desired.

Conclusions

Participants expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the program but require ongoing support to sustain changes post program. The position and integration of nutrition education within this exercise program was perceived by participants to be suboptimal. Increased access to practical, interactive nutrition education components may improve participant satisfaction and engagement.

So What?

Key findings from this research include a desire for removal of didactic nutrition education sessions and request for increased peer support. Modifications to the program include the integration of interactive self‐paced nutrition modules. Peer support partnerships are now encouraged by trainers to support ongoing motivation of participants to keep training together outside the structured exercise program and transition to managing their own exercise routine. Discussions between organisations involved about ongoing pathway/program support or reduced cost ‘off peak’ gym membership is underway to help with costs incurred by participants.
“Water or not water: That is the question.” Analysis of costs and consumption of the operating theaters in a greener perspective
Authors: Restaino Stefano , Tius Veronica , Arcieri Martina , Biasioli Anna , Pellecchia Giulia , Driul Lorenza , Vizzielli Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

Objective

To compare the amounts of water and plastic used in surgical hand washing with medicated soaps and with alcohol‐based products and to compare costs and consumption in a year, based on scheduled surgical activity.

Method

This retrospective study was carried out at Udine's Gynecology Operating Block from October to November 2022. We estimated the average amount of water with a graduated cylinder and the total cost of water usage based on euros/m3 indicated by the supplier; for each antiseptic agent we collected the data relevant to wash time, amount of water and product used per scrub, number of handscrubs made with every 500 mL bottle and cost of a single bottle. We put data into two hypothetical contexts, namely WHO guidelines and manufacturers' recommendations. Data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

The daily amount of water using povidone‐iodine, chlorhexidine‐gluconate and alcohol‐based antiseptic agents was 187.6, 140.7 and 0 L/day (P value = 0.001), respectively; A total of 69 000 L/year of water would be saved if alcohol‐based products were routinely used. A single unit of an alcohol‐based product allows three times as many handscrubs as any other product (P value = 0.001) with consequent reduction in plastic packaging.

Conclusion

Despite the cost saving being negligible, choosing alcohol‐based handrub over medicated soap handrub – on equal antiseptic efficacy grounds ‐ could lead to a significant saving of water and plastic, thus making our operating theaters more environmentally friendly.
Application to nonlinear optical properties of the RSX‐QIDH double‐hybrid range‐separated functional
Authors: Rodríguez‐Mayorga M. , Besalú‐Sala P. , Pérez‐Jiménez Á. J. , Sancho‐García J. C.
Published: January 2024

The effective calculation of static nonlinear optical properties requires a considerably high accuracy at a reasonable computational cost, to tackle challenging organic and inorganic systems acting as precursors and/or active layers of materials in (nano‐)devices. That trade‐off implies to obtain very accurate electronic energies in the presence of externally applied electric fields to consequently obtain static polarizabilities () and hyper‐polarizabilities ( and ). Density functional theory is known to provide an excellent compromise between accuracy and computational cost, which is however largely impeded for these properties without introducing range‐separation techniques. We thus explore here the ability of a modern (double‐hybrid and range‐separated) Range‐Separated eXchange Quadratic Integrand Double‐Hybrid exchange‐correlation functional to compete in accuracy with more costly and/or tuned methods, thanks to its robust and parameter‐free nature.
Glyoxylate reductase: Definitive identification in human liver mitochondria, its importance for the compartment‐specific detoxification of glyoxylate
Authors: Garrelfs Sander F. , Chornyi Serhii , te Brinke Heleen , Ruiter Jos , Groothoff Jaap , Wanders Ronald J. A.
Published: January 2024

Glyoxylate is a key metabolite generated from various precursor substrates in different subcellular compartments including mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the cytosol. The fact that glyoxylate is a good substrate for the ubiquitously expressed enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) requires the presence of efficient glyoxylate detoxification systems to avoid the formation of oxalate. Furthermore, this detoxification needs to be compartment‐specific since LDH is actively present in multiple subcellular compartments including peroxisomes, mitochondria, and the cytosol. Whereas the identity of these protection systems has been established for both peroxisomes and the cytosol as concluded from the deficiency of alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and glyoxylate reductase (GR) in PH2, the glyoxylate protection system in mitochondria has remained less well defined. In this manuscript, we show that the enzyme glyoxylate reductase has a bimodal distribution in human embryonic kidney (HEK293), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells and more importantly, in human liver, and is actively present in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. We conclude that the metabolism of glyoxylate in humans requires the complicated interaction between different subcellular compartments within the cell and discuss the implications for the different primary hyperoxalurias.
One‐step functionalization of paper and simplified antibody immobilization for on‐the‐spot immunocapture from dried serum in liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry based targeted protein determination
Authors: Mrsa Ago , Nardini Greta , Halvorsen Trine Grønhaug , Thiede Bernd , Reubsaet Léon
Published: January 2024

This work aimed to simplify and improve the process of binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) covalently to filter paper for use in dried blood spot sampling, enabling instant capture of protein biomarkers for targeted protein determination. Incorporating the necessary immunocapture sample preparation step in the initial sampling stage saves time and reduces the workload. The biomarker human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was used as the model analyte. The antibody‐based paper samplers were prepared by functionalizing paper discs (6 mm) through a simple reaction using divinyl sulfone (DVS). After DVS activation, the paper discs were incubated with E27 hCG mAbs, followed by 0.05% tween/phosphate buffer saline to block the surface. After sample application and drying, the discs only needed to be washed before tryptic digestion and finally analysed on a nanoliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system. The finished DVS‐mAbs samplers could selectively capture hCG (100 ng/mL) from human serum, with a recovery of 50%. Sample clean‐up reduced the number of identified proteins from 132 to 82 before and after wash, respectively, with a 70% reduction in serum albumin signal while still retaining hCG on the sampler during the washing protocol. An evaluation of the samplers revealed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9995) for hCG in serum with relative standard deviations below 15%. This work has presented the first ever reported paper samplers immobilized with antibodies utilizing DVS chemistry, showing promise in the future of paper‐based sampling.
Topology property analysis and application of stable time‐delay regions for linear multiple time‐delay systems
Authors: Wang Shaobu , Fan Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2024

This study examines the relationship between the topology of stable time‐delay regions and the stability analysis of an linear multiple time delay system. To analyze the topology of stable time‐delay regions, we construct a function with a value equal to zero for the time‐delay points on the boundaries of stable time‐delay regions. The function is continuous and differentiable in the whole defining field with a global minimum of zero so that we can locate the boundaries by minimizing the value of the function. Based on the topology analysis, we proposed a performance validation approach for controllers that are designed to stabilize the system using feedback signals with time delays. The method based on the topology analysis is simple and reliable so that can deal with a linear time‐invariant system with high order and multiple time delays (more than 3). The example case study shows that the above method is reliable and enables ultra‐low latency coordination and control for the future power grid with ubiquitous power electronics.
A behavioral model for RF vector‐sum phase shifter
Authors: Li Hao , Jin Binjie , Wu Yunqiu , Zhao Chenxi , Yu Yiming , Liu Huihua
Published: January 2024

In this article, a behavioral model for RF vector‐sum phase shifters is developed to estimate their behavioral and guide the phased‐array front‐end system design. According to their building blocks, the model consists of two typical parts, quadrature signal generator and variable gain amplifiers (VGAs). The modeling process for the quadrature signal generator is based on a complex curve fitting method. For the linear VGA, the polynomial fitting method is used to fit the gain and phase responses of the VGA, the first variable is frequency, and the second variable is the control voltage. Then the complex curve fitting method is used to achieve the final frequency response. Finally, the layout simulation results of an actual phase shifter circuit are used as input, and the two modules are modeled and compared with the measured results to verify the usability of the model.
Non‐uniform doping dependent electrical parameters of dual‐metal gate all around junctionless accumulation‐mode nanowire FET (DMGAA‐JAM‐NWFET)
Authors: Gupta Sumedha , Pandey Neeta , Gupta R. S.
Published: January 2024

This paper presents an analytical analysis of a dual‐metal gate all around junctionless accumulation‐mode nanowire FET (DMGAA‐JAM‐NWFET) possessing a horizontal‐like non‐uniform doping profile. The 2‐D electrostatic potential distribution is evaluated using Poisson's equation under the applicable boundary conditions. Also, the impact of straggle length parameter and the peak doping concentration upon the device behavior is also examined. For authenticating the obtained analytical outcomes, TCAD simulations were also performed. Both the results were contrasted and found to be in good agreement. The outcomes obtained for non‐uniform doped DMGAA‐JAM‐NWFET are also compared with that of uniformly doped DMGAA‐JAM‐NWFET and finer electrical characteristics were noticed for non‐uniformly doped device.
Data‐driven model‐free modified nodal analysis circuit solver
Authors: Galetzka Armin , Loukrezis Dimitrios , De Gersem Herbert
Published: January 2024

This work introduces a novel data‐driven model‐free modified nodal analysis (MNA) circuit solver. The solver is capable of handling circuit problems featuring elements for which solely measurement data are available. Rather than utilizing hard‐coded phenomenological model representations, the data‐driven MNA solver reformulates the circuit problem such that the solution is found by minimizing the distance between circuit states that fulfill Kirchhoff's laws, and states belonging to the measurement data. In this way, the formerly inevitable demand for model representations is eliminated, thus avoiding the introduction of related modeling errors and uncertainties. The proposed solver is applied to linear and nonlinear RC‐circuits and to a half‐wave rectifier.
Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide
Authors: Liu Bing , Wang Maoyan , Zhang Shitian , Li Hailong , Li Guiping , Yu Mengxia , Zhang Xiaochuan , Xu Jun
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the coupled‐mode theory is incorporated into the improved frequency‐domain finite element method (FEM) to simulate very low frequency (VLF) propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. The matrix equation of the electric field is solved using parallel lower‐upper factorization technique to speed up the calculation. The method used to determine the propagation constants for different propagable modes is given. After the FEM is validated by comparing simulated results with the measured data, effects of variable geomagnetic information on the attenuation rate, relative phase velocity, mode coupling, and multiple‐mode interference of VLF electromagnetic wave in the anisotropic waveguide are investigated. This work provides an efficient way for improving the prediction accuracy of the VLF communication, positioning, navigation, and timing systems.
Process Modification and Uncontrollability in an Expert Contemporary Artist's Creative Processes
Authors: Okada Takeshi , Yokochi Sawako
Published: January 2024

As a case study that consists of two parts, this research investigates how a pro‐c class expert artist thinks and acts during art making, paying special attention to exploratory behaviors and task completion processes. In Part 1 of this case study, we videoed an artist's authentic creative process in his studio. We interviewed him about his drawing process by showing him the video recording right after the drawing. We conducted a retrospective interview with him 16 months later as Part 2 of this case study because this experience inspired him to start several new artwork series. We analyzed the video and interview data qualitatively. The results showed that the artist used various exploratory behaviors, including a process modification in which elements in one's ordinary creative process are changed. The process modification triggered different types of drawing actions. Although he participated in task completion processes for self‐regulation, he also actively generated a situation in which task completion processes were weakened to experience and utilize feelings of uncontrollability to create something unexpected. We discussed the essential roles of process modification, reflection, and feelings of uncontrollability in artistic creation.
Fragmentation and biodiversity change in urban vegetation: A case study of tram lines
Authors: Winkler Jan , Koda Eugeniusz , Červenová Jana , Napieraj Krzysztof , Żółtowski Mariusz , Jakimiuk Aleksandra , Podlasek Anna , Vaverková Magdalena Daria
Published: January 2024

This study explores the vegetation composition along various tram line sections in Bydgoszcz, Poland, with a focus on understanding the impact of usage, maintenance, and historical development on urban vegetation dynamics. This study addresses this knowledge gap by investigating how these factors influence plant species composition, leading to variations in the prevalence of native and non‐native species. The aim of this study is to contribute to urban ecological knowledge and inform vegetation management strategies. The investigation centers on five tram line sites representing different usage and maintenance scenarios: Unused line, New line, Loop rec, Loop old, and Old line. Through phytocoenological relevés conducted in 2020 and 2021, we measured the plant taxa coverage. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed relationships between plant species and tram line sites. The results indicated the presence of 107 plant taxa, with graphical representations highlighting the prevalent species on each tram line section. Older sections showed a higher representation of non‐native plant species, whereas new sections exhibited native species dominance. Moisture‐indicative values suggest an affinity for soils with average moisture content. CCA provides insights into the relationships between plant taxa and site variants and offers valuable implications for urban vegetation management and conservation strategies. The novelty of this study lies in its holistic approach for understanding how multiple factors interact to shape urban vegetation. By illuminating urban ecological dynamics and informing decision‐making processes, this study contributes to urban planning, ecology, and biodiversity conservation. Additionally, this study fills a knowledge gap by providing insights into the unique ecological dynamics and species composition of tram lines in urban environments. Unlike previous research in Central European countries focusing on planted vegetation, this study explored the spontaneous spread of plants and successional patterns along tram lines, enhancing our understanding of the environmental conditions created by tram lines that influence vegetation composition and development.
Guiding and constraining reclamation for coastal zone through identification of response thresholds for ecosystem services supply–demand relationships
Authors: Liu Chenghao , Yan Xiaolu , Han Zenglin , Liu Yaobin , Li Xiuzhen , Li Xinyuan , Zhong Jingqiu
Published: January 2024

Enhancing the understanding and management of ecosystem services (ESs) supply and demand under the influence of global change is crucial for sustaining human well‐being and promoting sustainable development. However, the comprehension of changes in ecosystem service dynamics in the face of complex human disturbances remains limited. This study focuses on four representative ESs in the northern Liaodong Bay, a typical global estuary wetland, to elucidate alterations in the supply and demand of these ESs and comprehend the impact mechanisms arising from reclamation activities. The findings reveal the following key insights: between 1993 and 2020, the supply and demand for water yield disparity became increasingly pronounced, while the equilibrium between supply and demand for carbon storage shifted from surplus to balance. In contrast, the excess supply–demand of food supply and landscape esthetics remained relatively consistent. This study delves deeper into the non‐linear relationship between reclamation activities and ESs supply–demand relationships, with each ecosystem service exhibiting distinct patterns. As reclamation intensity rises, the supply–demand ratio of ESs exhibits varying trends: food supply and carbon storage demonstrate an inverted U‐shaped relationship, water yield follows a U‐shaped pattern, and landscape esthetics progressively decline. By identifying reclamation thresholds, different management strategies should be applied to areas exceeding and falling below these thresholds, with constraints and guidance being necessary for the former and the latter, respectively. These findings advance our understanding of ESs dynamics in the context of human‐driven changes and provide practical implications for sustainable ecosystem management in coastal areas.
A framework for co‐designing decision‐support systems for policy implementation: The LANDSUPPORT experience
Authors: Stankovics Petra , Schillaci Calogero , Pump Judit , Birli Barbara , Ferraro Giuliano , Munafò Michele , Di Leginio Marco , Hermann Tamás , Montanarella Luca , Tóth Gergely
Published: January 2024

This work proposes a framework for co‐designing decision‐support tools for sustainable land management and soil protection at multiple scales. Geospatial dashboards, due to their key capabilities in the use of spatial or geospatial information, are quickly gaining traction for planning and policymaking. Developing the decision‐support system (DSS) as a transversal system capable of capturing trends in land and soil properties at the local, regional, national, and EU levels has been co‐designed with policy stakeholders. This work seeks to link (i) the main goal of the Soil Mission and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to raise awareness and knowledge on soil conditions (ii) and the LANDSUPPORT (LS) project cross‐evaluation on how the spatial decision‐support system (SDSS) can support policy‐related stakeholders and help them to take evidence‐based decisions. To achieve this objective, we present the user engagement process to ensure broad testing and evaluation of the LS SDSS's ability to support selected EU policies and soil‐related SDGs by testing the LS platform's European scale tools, including an analysis and conformity check of the data delivered by the LS tools and a critical review of results. The indicators were assessed via direct contact with end users, such as semi‐structured interviews (SSI) and 184 questionnaires. Results of the test series have been analyzed by the spatial scale per respective tool and performance indicators. We present a unique, integrated, science‐based approach to co‐create data‐driven decision‐making with the stakeholders to promote sustainable land management practices. This methodology strives to involve many stakeholders in scientific research, empowering them to participate in the decisions on topics that directly affect them. Public bodies responsible for land policy implementation, environmental stakeholders, spatial planners, and other users have engaged in the process to ensure broad testing of the LS platform from 2020 to 2022. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis provided a synthesis of the performance of the LS tools. The testing phase proved the utmost importance of usability, underlining that the mixed method of testing allowing quantitative and qualitative analyses based on the same key indicators proved essential for co‐designing SDSS tools to be used by a wide range of stakeholders.
A chlorophyll a, non‐photochemical fluorescence quenching correction method for autonomous underwater vehicles in shelf sea environments
Authors: Mitchell Catherine , Drapeau David , Pinkham Sunny , Balch William M
Published: January 2024

Autonomous underwater vehicles provide water column observations of phytoplankton biomass using chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorometers. However, under high incident light, phytoplankton fluorescence yield decreases in a process known as non‐photochemical quenching, resulting in a reduced Chl a fluorescence signal. Methods have been developed to identify and remove the quenched signal from observations by autonomous underwater vehicles. These existing methods rely on assumptions of the homogeneity of the system, both in terms of time (i.e., between day and night observations) and space (i.e., within the water column or between neighboring profiles). These assumptions are not valid in shallow shelf seas or when sampling across different water masses. Thus, we evaluate six new quenching correction methods based on an existing ocean‐based method, but adapted for a continental shelf sea environment where the water mass changes between night and day observations. We have included two main changes to the existing method. First, we interpolate the unquenched, nighttime signal across the daytime observations and use this as a reference for correcting the quenched, daytime signal. Second, we explore the inclusion of a fluorescence quenching depth limit. By interpolating nighttime observations across daytime periods, the diel changes in non‐photochemical quenching were separated from the phytoplankton population changes. The proposed methods all show improved performance compared to existing approach. The methods presented here, and the approach used to evaluate them, are applicable in other shelf sea environments, enabling studies using autonomous Chl a fluorescence data across shelf sea ecosystems.
Vernier Ellipsometry Sensing with Ultralow Limit‐of‐Detection and Large Dynamic Range by Tuning of Zero‐Reflection Points
Authors: Zhang Yun , Phoo May Thawda , Foo Yishu , Li Xiaomin , Lam Yun Wah , Zapien Juan Antonio
Published: January 2024

Optical sensors using zero‐reflection points (ZRPs) enable excellent sensitivity due to the accompanying phase singularities and the steepest slope of the reflectivity curve. Here, the collaborative manipulation of three ZRPs in a simple platform formed by a lithography‐free, metal‐dielectric‐metal structure with unsurpassed, experimentally demonstrated, limit of detection ≈2 × 10−8 refractive index unit is reported. The sensor relies on: i) strong coupling between p‐polarized surface plasmon polariton and photonic waveguide, leading to reflection suppression, Rabi splitting and phase singularities; ii) simultaneous implementation of two orthogonally polarized ZRPs, enabling spectral overlap of s‐polarized photonic modes (Rs) with the coupled p‐polarized resonances (Rp); and iii) ellipsometry‐based sensing where the s‐polarized ZRPs provide a stable reference to boost the sensor performance in terms of the amplitude ratio and phase difference of Rp and Rs thereby naturally forming a refinement measuring scale akin to a Vernier scale. Remarkably, the precise manipulation of ZRPs enables resetting the sensor to its optimal sensing point. The capability has been demonstrated for a biosensor of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S2) protein that can track the full functionalization process then reset to perform dose‐dependent detection of the S2 protein. This work provides a new strategy for the development of optical sensors and perfect light absorbers.
Privacy‐preserving record linkage across disparate institutions and datasets to enable a learning health system: The national COVID cohort collaborative (N3C) experience
Authors: Tachinardi Umberto , Grannis Shaun J. , Michael Sam G. , Misquitta Leonie , Dahlin Jayme , Sheikh Usman , Kho Abel , Phua Jasmin , Rogovin Sara S. , Amor Benjamin , Choudhury Maya , Sparks Philip , Mannaa Amin , Ljazouli Saad , Saltz Joel , Prior Fred , Baghal Ahmen , Gersing Kenneth , Embi Peter J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Research driven by real‐world clinical data is increasingly vital to enabling learning health systems, but integrating such data from across disparate health systems is challenging. As part of the NCATS National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), the N3C Data Enclave was established as a centralized repository of deidentified and harmonized COVID‐19 patient data from institutions across the US. However, making this data most useful for research requires linking it with information such as mortality data, images, and viral variants. The objective of this project was to establish privacy‐preserving record linkage (PPRL) methods to ensure that patient‐level EHR data remains secure and private when governance‐approved linkages with other datasets occur.

Methods

Separate agreements and approval processes govern N3C data contribution and data access. The Linkage Honest Broker (LHB), an independent neutral party (the Regenstrief Institute), ensures data linkages are robust and secure by adding an extra layer of separation between protected health information and clinical data. The LHB's PPRL methods (including algorithms, processes, and governance) match patient records using “deidentified tokens,” which are hashed combinations of identifier fields that define a match across data repositories without using patients' clear‐text identifiers.

Results

These methods enable three linkage functions: Deduplication, Linking Multiple Datasets, and Cohort Discovery. To date, two external repositories have been cross‐linked. As of March 1, 2023, 43 sites have signed the LHB Agreement; 35 sites have sent tokens generated for 9 528 998 patients. In this initial cohort, the LHB identified 135 037 matches and 68 596 duplicates.

Conclusion

This large‐scale linkage study using deidentified datasets of varying characteristics established secure methods for protecting the privacy of N3C patient data when linked for research purposes. This technology has potential for use with registries for other diseases and conditions.
Formation of Three‐Dimensional Polysuccinimide Electrospun Fiber Meshes Induced by the Combination of CaCl2 and Humidity
Authors: Juhász Ákos György , Nanys Monika , Pinke Balázs , Fadel Alexandre , Godzierz Marcin , Juriga‐Tóth Krisztina , Molnár Kolos , Juriga Dávid , Jedlovszky‐Hajdú Angéla
Published: January 2024

Even though electrospinning is getting more and more attention, the preparation of 3D nanofibrous meshes is still a big challenge that limits the application of electrospun materials, especially in tissue engineering. To overcome this problem, several solutions are introduced but most of them focus on the postprocessing of the electrospun meshes. This paper presents a straightforward novel method that utilizes the joint effect of the addition of CaCl2 and the relative environmental humidity (RH), which can induce the random 3D formation of polysuccinimide (PSI) electrospun fibers with different such as wrinkled or ribbon‐like structures. Although the effect of humidity and inorganic salt additives on the micro and macrostructure of electrospun fibers is known, the connection between the two in this manner has never been presented. To investigate the effect, fibers with different PSI and CaCl2 concentrations at different humidity RH levels are prepared, and their microstructure is visualized with high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To reveal the nature of the interaction between the polymer and the CaCl2, Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TGA) measurements are carried out and 3D nanofibrous structures are obtained.
Child sexual abuse versus adult sexual assault: A review of psychological and neurobiological sequelae
Authors: Rowland Grace E. , Purcell Juliann B. , Lebois Lauren A. M. , Kaufman Milissa L. , Harnett Nathaniel G.
Published: January 2024

Sexual trauma (ST) occurs with alarming frequency in the United States in the form of both childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adulthood sexual assault (ASA). It is well established that the effects of ST are pervasive and that ST can be a risk factor for the development of several psychiatric disorders. However, the potential for distinct psychological consequences or neural correlates between CSA and ASA has received little attention. Furthermore, despite the high prevalence of sexual revictimization, the combinatorial effects of CSA and ASA are understudied in comparison to each form of ST on its own. In the current review, we present results from both clinical psychology and neuroscience research on the impacts of CSA and ASA, describing major psychological, biopsychosocial, and neuroimaging findings for each form of ST. We further highlight limitations in the current state of the research and needed areas of future research to better understand the distinct, overlapping, and cumulative effects of ST in both childhood and adulthood. The present study summarizes the state of the literature on this critical form of trauma and provides recommendations for future clinical research practices to mitigate the deleterious outcomes of ST.
The maximal regularity of the third‐order differential equation and its applications
Authors: Ospanov Kordan , Ospanov Myrzagali
Published: January 2024

In this work, we study the solvability and maximal regularity questions for the singular third‐order differential equation with unbounded coefficients and some applications. Unlike previously studied cases, the leading and intermediate coefficients of this equation can grow independently. We obtain sufficient coefficient conditions for correctness of this equation and compactness for inverse of the corresponding differential operator. We also prove the maximal regularity estimate for a generalized solution. Using these results, we obtain upper and lower estimates for the number of Kolmogorov
‐diameters of the set associated with the linear Korteweg–de Vries equation's solutions. We give an example and show that from the above inequalities follow two‐sided estimates of the Kolmogorov
‐diameters.