bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forbidden actions in World Judo Championships: differences between winner and non-winner athletes
Authors: Ceylan Bayram , Kajmovic Husnija , Kapo Safet , Colakhodzic Ekrem , Balci Sukru Serdar
Published: March 2022

Penalties in judo result from negative actions that are not in line with judo combat regulations. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in penalties between winner and non-winner competitors in judo. A total of 1799 (men=1133 and women=666) matches with penalties were evaluated during 2017, 2018 and 2019 World Judo Championships. The variables were expressed as proportions and compared with the Chi-Square test with pairwise Z-tests. The ratio of receiving the first and second shido was the same in men and women athletes (p>.05), but it was different for weight categories (p<.05). The ratio of shido penalty was different between winner and non-winner athletes, the ratio of the second shido was lower in winner athletes (p<.05). While the ratio of forbidden action was the same in winner and non-winner athletes (p>.05), the ratio of forbidden actions in the first and second shido differed (p<.05). The difference in the penalty ratios in winner and non-winner athletes, especially the difference in forbidden actions leading to first and second shido may reflect some tactical differences. The results of this research can significantly contribute to the understanding of the significance of judo penalties both in training and in competition, as well as to the further study of judo penalties.
Fatores críticos de sucesso esportivo no karate do Brasil a partir de sua inclusão ao programa olímpico oficial
Authors: Amaral Laís de Lima , Mazzei Leandro Carlos
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em investigar as implicações causadas pela inclusão do karate aos Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio 2021, no que se refere aos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) e ao desenvolvimento do karate. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com atletas, ex-atletas, treinadores e gestores com experiência em eventos internacionais do esporte. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e estatística descritiva. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a inclusão do karate aos Jogos Olímpicos acarretou efeitos sobre os FCS e consequente desenvolvimento deste esporte de combate. O aporte de recursos financeiros para este esporte, a participação e a organização de competições nacionais e internacionais, suporte para atletas, dentre outros, são fatores de grande relevância neste contexto. No mais, espera-se que esta pesquisa proporcione conhecimento inicial destinado àqueles que possuem como interesse o melhor desenvolvimento do karate e principalmente a busca pelo sucesso esportivo internacional neste esporte, além de contribuir com outros estudos relacionados a modelos teóricos já existentes ou às especificidades do esporte / do contexto dos entrevistados.
En defensa de la Constitución ante algunas previsiones de los vigentes acuerdos con la Iglesia Católica = In defence of the Constitution in the face of certain provisions of the current agreements with the Catholic Church
Authors: Pardo Prieto Paulino César
Published: March 2022

Los concordatos difícilmente encuentran encaje en ordenamientos democráticos. Ello es así porque no es posible deducir de los presupuestos ideológicos de la jerarquía católica contenidos para el pacto que mejoren la garantía que el Estado pluralista proporciona al derecho de libertad religiosa. A través de un acercamiento a varias cláusulas de los acuerdos vigentes con la Iglesia católica comprobamos la importancia capital de una lectura de los acuerdos integrada en la Constitución y ajena a los postulados eclesiales. Concordats do not fit well in democratic systems. The ideology of the Catholic hierarchy does not offer contents for the pact that improve the guarantee that the pluralist State provides to the right of religious freedom. Through the study of several clauses of the agreements in force with the Catholic Church, we can verify the capital importance of interpreting the agreements in accordance with the Constitution and outside the ecclesiastical postulates.
La pena de prisión permanente revisable: ¿hay que mantenerla? = The revisable permanent prision sentence: should it be maintained?
Authors: Díaz y García Conlledo Miguel
Published: March 2022

La exposición pretende una valoración crítica de la pena de prisión permanente revisable, introducida en el Código Penal español en 2015. Tras resumirse brevemente su regulación, se repasan, entre otras cuestiones, los argumentos que ponen en cuestión su conformidad a la Constitución española, a los fines de la pena y a los límites a la potestad punitiva del Estado propios de un Estado democrático de Derecho, llegándose a la conclusión principal de que, incluso si la pena no se considerara contraria a la Constitución, no es adecuado ni conveniente mantenerla. The presentation aims at a critical assessment of the permanent revisable prison penalty (revisable life imprisonment), introduced in the Spanish Criminal Code in 2015. After briefly summarizing its regulation, we review, among other issues, the arguments that call into question its conformity with the Spanish Constitution, the purposes of punishment (goals of sentencing) and the limits to the punitive power of the State typical of a democratic State of Law, reaching the main conclusion that, even if the penalty is not considered contrary to the Constitution, it is not appropriate or convenient to maintain it.
La discriminación por indiferenciación y su incidencia en el ámbito tributario = Discrimination by indifferentiation and its impact in the field of taxation
Authors: Mata Sierra María Teresa
Published: March 2022

Para alcanzar un sistema de justicia redistributiva lo suficientemente igualitario, tal y como impone el artículo 31.1 de la Constitución de 1978, en relación con el artículo 14 de la misma norma impone además de tratar igual a los iguales, tratar desigual a quienes están en posiciones distintas. Para ello el Tribunal Constitucional debe completar el contenido que da al control del cumplimiento del principio de igualdad, ampliando la interpretación que tradicionalmente ja venido haciendo del mismo para acoger no solo el trato igual a lo igual sino adentrarse también en las discriminaciones por indiferenciación en particular, en lo que afecta al ámbito tributario. In order to achieve a sufficiently egalitarian redistributive justice system, as imposed by article 31.1 of the 1978 Constitution, in relation to article 14 of the same norm it imposes in addition to treating equals equally, treating unequally those who are in positions. For this, the Constitutional Court must complete the content that it gives to the control of compliance with the principle of equality, broadening the interpretation that it has traditionally been making of it to accept not only equal treatment but also enter into discrimination due to undifferentiation in particular, as it affects the tax field
Hijos menores de edad en redes sociales: su protección al amparo de los artículos 18 y 39 de la Constitución española = Underage children in social networks: their protection under articles 18 and 39 of the Spanish Constitution
Authors: Llamas Bao Cristina
Published: March 2022

La pandemia mundial ocasionada por la Covid-19 ha supuesto, supone y supondrá, sin lugar dudas, una gran revolución en todos los niveles pero sin duda, el cambio más relevante que hemos experimentado es el social. La tecnología está condicionando nuestra manera de relacionarnos no sólo en el ámbito laboral, sino en nuestra esfera personal, y prueba de ello, es el creciente uso de las redes sociales. Si bien estas redes son un medio que permite transmitir información de manera inmediata, está ocasionando múltiples problemas en nuestra esfera personal y, especialmente, en la familiar. El uso de dispositivos tecnológicos por los hijos menores de edad, unido a la publicación de fotografías y/o videos por parte de los progenitores en las que aparecen estos hijos, es un fiel reflejo de la dependencia tecnológica que estamos viviendo. Ante esta situación, cuanto menos preocupante, el legislador va tomando conciencia de una necesaria protección de estos hijos menores ante los riesgos de internet y, aunque protección digital de los hijos, encuentra su origen en nuestra Constitución, marca el punto de partida de una legislación que, aunque avanza con lentitud, se adapta a las nuevas tecnologías. The global pandemic caused by the Covid-19 has meant, and will undoubtedly mean, a great revolution at all levels, but without a doubt, the most relevant change we have experienced is the social one. Technology is conditioning our way of relating not only in the workplace, but in our personal sphere, and proof of this is the growing use of social networks. While these networks are a means of transmitting information immediately, they are causing multiple problems in our personal sphere and, especially, in the family sphere. The use of technological devices by underage children, together with the publication of photographs and/or videos by the parents in which these children appear, is a true reflection of the technological dependence that we are living. In the face of this situation, the least worrying, the legislator is becoming aware of the need to protect these minor children from the risks of the Internet and, although digital protection of their children is rooted in our Constitution, it sets the starting point for legislation which, although slow to move forward, is adapted to new technologies
Inviolabilidad, inmunidad y aforamiento ¿qué dice la Constitución? = Inviolability, immunity and privileges: what does the Constitution say?
Authors: Yugueros Prieto Nerea
Published: March 2022

En el presente trabajo, la autora analiza las diferentes prerrogativas con base constitucional en el ordenamiento español: la inviolabilidad, la inmunidad y el aforamiento. Un estudio realizado desde una perspectiva actual que promueve diversas reflexiones críticas, partiendo de la realidad normativa y centrándose en alguno de los problemas que suscita. In the present work, the author analyses the different prerogatives with a constitutional basis in the Spanish legal system: inviolability, immunity and privilege. A study carried out from a current perspective which promotes various critical reflections, starting from the normative reality and focusing on some of the problems it raises
Hacia una ciberconstitución. El reto de la digitalización = Towards a cyberconstitution. The challenge of digitalization
Authors: De Celis Gutiérrez Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Estudio que aborda la situación actual de la Constitución Española de 1978 en relación con el Ciberespacio. En primer término, se analizará la nueva realidad jurídica que plantean los nuevos derechos surgidos de las Nuevas Tecnologías, para concluir con el análisis de la conveniencia o no de reformar la Carta Magna para adaptar la a la Era Digital. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the new challenges in Cyberspace defies the Constitutional Law due to the emerging new digital fundamental rights. The need of a Constitutional Reform in terms of digitalization is one of the legal challenges Spanish Nation will face in the next years. Classic Individual Rights and Public Freedoms such as Freedom of Speech, Honour, Privacy and Civic Rights and Duties will share space with these new Digital Rights
La concretización del derecho a la educación como condición de la ciudadanía plena: un diálogo necesario entre la Filosofía moral y el Derecho = A concretização do derecho à educación como condição da cidadania plena: um diálogo necessário entre a Filosofia moral e o Direito = The Achievement of the Rigth to Education as a Condition of Full Citizenship: A Necessary Dialogue Between Moral Philosophy and Law
Authors: Jiménez Serrano Pablo , Rampazzo Lino
Published: March 2022

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar el diálogo necesario entre la Educación y las demás ciencias sociales, en aras de la concretización de la ciudadanía plena en el contexto existencial latinoamericano y mundial. Por medio de una investigación teórica: filosófica y doctrinaria y con el auxilio de los métodos exegético y analítico, se discute la correlación (colaboración) posible entre la filosofía y el derecho, colaboración considerada una condición para la edificación de la conciencia en aras de la ciudadanía plena. Se concluye que la educación moderna debe mejor orientar, no solamente el desarrollo de las habilidades lógicas y jurídico-cognitivas, así como también la formación de valores y, consecuentemente, la reflexión jurídico-moral.O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o diálogo necessário entre a Educação e as demais ciências sociais. Por meio de uma pesquisa teórica e doutrinária, usando os métodos exegético eanalítico, discute-se, pois, a correlação (colaboração)existente entre a filosofia e o direito por serconsiderada esta relação uma condição necessária à“Educação edificadora” que tem como missão, não unicamente o desenvolvimento das habilidades lógicas e jurídico-cognitivas, mas também a formação em valores e, consequentemente, a reflexão jurídico-moral.The present study aims to characterize the necessarydialogue between Education and the other socialsciences. Through a theoretical and doctrinal research,using exegetical and analytical methods, it is discussed, therefore, the correlation (collaboration) existing between philosophy and law, as this relationship is considered a necessary condition for the “edifying education” that has as its mission, not only the development of logical and legalcognitiveskills, but also training in values and, consequently, legal-moral reflection.
Medidas ejecutivas atípicas en el nuevo Código Procesal Civil brasileño: suspensión del permiso para conducir automóviles, retención de pasaporte y cancelación de la tarjeta de crédito del deudor por impago de las deudas = Atypical executive measures in the new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code: suspension of the driving license, seizure of passport and cancellation of the debtor's credit card due to non-payment of the debts
Authors: Hertel Daniel Roberto
Published: March 2022

Trata sobre los medios ejecutivos atípicos en el nuevo Código Procesal Civil Brasileño de 2015. Da especial énfasis al derecho a la satisfacción crediticia, pero con la necesidad de imponer límites al desempeño de la actividad jurisdiccional ejecutiva. Aborda la posibilidad de que, por falta de pago de deudas, se determine, en virtud de la Ley Procesal Civil brasileña, la suspensión de la autorización del derecho de conducir del deudor; la retención del pasaporte del imputado, así como la suspensión de su tarjeta de crédito. Concluye de manera detallada destacando la necesidad de establecer límites al uso de medidas ejecutivas atípicas para preservar la dignidad de los ejecutados.It deals with atypical executive means in the new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 2015. It gives special emphasis to the right to credit satisfaction, but with the need to impose limits on the performance of the executive jurisdictional activity. It addresses the possibility that, due to non-payment of debts, the suspension of the authorization of the debtor's right to drive is determined by virtue of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Law; the retention of the defendant's passport, as well as the suspension of his credit card. It concludes in detail by highlighting the need toestablish limits on the use of atypical executive measures to preserve the dignity of those executed.
Los negocios jurídicos de inversión en el comercio internacional y su reflejo en la estela jurisprudencial europea = The legal treatment business in international marketplace and its reflection in the European jurisprudential wake
Authors: Carrizo Aguado David
Published: March 2022

En términos generales existe una amplia gama de productos de inversión revestidos de compleja naturaleza, cuyas principales características residen, por un lado, en que en el momento de su adquisición no se conocen sus posibles rendimientos futuros, y de otro, suelen tener asociada una calificación de riesgo que, en ocasiones, sirve de guía para los inversores. Sobre este particular, el juez de Luxemburgo, con su ejemplar asunto Jana Petruchová refuerza la  perspectiva proteccionista en tanto que, la sumisión a favor de los tribunales de la compañía inversora será nula, como consecuencia de la formidable  interpretación teleológica del inversionista al ser considerado consumidor. No obstante, la inseguridad jurídica a la que se enfrentan los clientes minoristas, esencialmente, por la imposición de cláusulas no negociadas a cargo de las compañías financieras, ha sido uno de los principales detonantes en lalitigiosidad internacional.In general terms, there is a wide range of investmentproducts of a complex nature, the main characteristics of which lie, on the one hand, in that their possible future returns are not known at the time of acquisition, and on the other, they usually have a rating associated with them. risk that sometimes serves as a guide for investors. On this matter, the judge of Luxembourg, with his exemplary case Jana Petruchová, reinforces the protectionist perspective insofar as the submission in favor of the courts of the investment company will be null, as a consequence of the formidable teleological interpretation of the investor as he is considered a consumer. However, the legal uncertainty that retail clients face, essentially due to the imposition of non-negotiated clauses by financial companies, has been one of the main triggers in international litigation.
Crónica de las Jornadas “Por un empleo digno en el sector de cuidados: Superando los roles de género”
Authors: Rodríguez Esanciano Susana , Martinez Barroso María de los Reyes , Álvarez Cuesta Henar , Martínez Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: March 2022

Los días 9, 10 y 11 de marzo, contando con la financiación del Instituto de las Mujeres del Ministerio de Igualdad, se celebraron en la Universidad de León las jornadas, tituladas "Por un empleo digno en el sector de cuidados: Superando los roles degénero", dirigidas por la Dra. Rodríguez Escanciano, y coordinadas por las Profras. Martínez Barroso y Álvarez Cuesta, con el objetivo último de debatir sobre la realidad laboral existente en el sector del cuidado de personas dependientes, que son aquellas que por razón de su vulnerabilidad reclaman la ayuda de otras personas para realizar las actividades cotidianas de su día a día.
Multifarious bone cement and its applications in endodontics – A review
Authors: Gudapati Swapnika , Satish R Kalyan , Kumar V Santosh , Sajjan Girija S , Varma K Madhu , Yedida Sri Harsha
Published: March 2022

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as bone cement, is widely used in orthopaedic surgery, mainly for prosthesis fixation, stabilizing compressive vertebral fracture or filling bone defects. Bone cement is a potentially new repair material that has been investigated recently in dentistry because of its properties like low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility and resistance to a moist environment. In Endodontics, bone cement can be used as a furcation repair material, retrograde filling material and in apexification. Modified bone cements are introduced by adding fillers, adhesives, antibiotics, and nanoparticles that make it well suited as an endodontic repair material. This review paper highlights the importance of bone cement and its possible applications in Endodontics.
The hunt for the hidden – Methods of locating root canals
Authors: Jain Sankkesh , Mandke Lalitagauri
Published: March 2022

Predictable endodontic therapy begins with good access preparation, which allows for the accurate location of any given orifice, facilitating the negotiating, securing, and shaping of the canal, as well as 3D disinfection and filling of the root canal system. Missed, unfilled, and untreated root canals have been identified as one of the leading causes of endodontic therapy failure in several investigations. With the advent of CBCT, magnification, ultrasonics and other diagnostic and treatment adjuvants, searching for and treating root canals has become easier and more predictable.
The maxillary-mandibular planes angle (MM?) bisector: A new reference plane for anteroposterior measurement of dental bases
Authors: Akram Waseem , Aggarwal Isha , Mittal Sanjay , Palkit Tanzin , Avasthi Avijit
Published: March 2022

Diagnosis of an important part of orthodontic treatment. Although many cephalometric analyses have been devised to determine the degree of anteroposterior skeletal discrepancies, effective treatment planning and assessment must be based on accurate measurement using stable and reproducible reference planes.

The purpose of study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of maxillomandibular bisector, its reproducibility, and validity, and relationship to functional occlusal plane, bisecting occlusal pane.

Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 30 adult patients (age 18 or above) were selected. Various Angular & Linear measurement were recorded.

Present study showed MM bisector plane, FOPPM is more reproducible and valid reference point than BOPMM, BOPPM.
Subcutaneuous emphysema as a complication of tooth extraction: Case Report
Authors: Putri Ayu Vidya , Adiantoro Seto , Yusuf Harmas Yazid
Published: March 2022

Subcutaneous emphysema is an uncommon complication of dental procedures. This complication arises when air forced beneath the tissue. In dentistry it may appear with the use of high-speed bur and could cause a serious complication including airway obstruction. This case report highlights a complication during dental procedure to give information for the clinician the factors, diagnosis, and management of subcutaneous emphysema.A 33 years old male patient with difficulty in breathing and swelling at right lower jaw, neck and chest region. The swelling occurred about 2 hours before admission during tooth extraction of second right lower molar using a high-speed bur about 30 minutes, then he started to feel difficulty in breathing with swelling at right lower jaw, neck and chest region occurred and pain. Then he was transferred to Hasan Sadikin Emergency Department for further treatment. The patient was diagnosed with subcutaneous emphysema at right lower jaw, neck and chest region due to suspect iatrogenic. The management of this patient was conservative treatment with oxygenation 3 lpm, close observation vital sign and wide emphysema, IVFD ringer lactate 1500 cc/ 24 hours, medication with Ceftriaxone 1 gr, Ketorolac 30 mg, Omeprazole 20 mg intravenous and being hospitalized for 4 days. After general condition stable he was performed tooth extraction.Iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema could be a serious and potentially life-threatening, so dentist has to be more careful while using high-speed bur for tooth extraction.
DNA Topoisomerases: As target for anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti , Kadam Suraksha , Sharma Disha , Mishra Manisha , Bhaskar Vaidhun
Published: March 2022

Topoisomerase inhibitors are agents designed to interfere with the action of topoisomerase enzymes I and II. Topoisomerases are enzymes that control the changes in DNA tridimensional structure by catalyzing the breaking and rejoining of the phosphodiester backbone of DNA strands during the normal cell cycle. DNA Topoisomerases control the conformational changes in DNA topology by breaking and resealing DNA strands during normal cellular growth, that’s why these are essential enzymes. A major class of anticancer drugs acts as inhibitors of DNA Topoisomerases. This paper gives a brief review on Topoisomerase targeting drugs which shows anticancer activities. The mechanism of action of these drugs by inhibiting type I and type II DNA Topoisomerases are discussed. DNA topoisomerases, especially type II A topoisomerases, are proved therapeutic targets of anticancer and antibacterial drugs. Clinically successful topoisomerase-targeting anticancer drugs act through topoisomerase poisoning, which leads to replication fork arrest and double-strand break formation. Unfortunately, this unique mode of action is associated with the development of secondary cancers and cardiotoxicity. Structures of topoisomerase–drug–DNA ternary complexes have revealed the exact binding sites and mechanisms of topoisomerase poisons. It may also be possible to design catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerases by targeting certain inactive conformations of these enzymes. Furthermore, identification of various new bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors and regulatory proteins may inspire the discovery of novel human topoisomerase inhibitors. Thus, topoisomerases remain as important therapeutic targets of anticancer agents.
Formulation, development and characterization of topical organogel of mometasone furoate for the treatment of skin disease
Authors: Karole Sarita , Sagar Akash , Chakraborty Anup K , Loksh Kavita R
Published: March 2022

Topical glucocorticoid formulations are widely used for effective treatment and control of a variety of dermatoses. Mometasone furoate is a medium potency, synthetic, non-fluorinated topical corticosteroid, indicated for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses including psoriasis. The percutaneous absorption increases risk associated with systemic absorption of topically applied formulation. Controlled release of the drug to the skin could reduce the side effects while reducing percutaneous absorption. Organogels are semi-solid materials, in which an organic phase is immobilized by a three-dimensional network composed of self-organized system, forming the aqueous phase.

The present study deals with the preparation and evaluation of a pluronic lecithin organogel gel containing mometasone furoate for transdermal delivery. Blank pluronic lecithin organogel were prepared using ricinoleic acid as the oil phase.

Formulation, Development and Characterization of Topical Organogel of Mometasone Furoate was carried out and evaluated for the treatment of Skin Disease. The absorption maxima of mometasone furoate were determined by running the spectrum of drug solution in double beam ultraviolet spectrophotometer (Labindia UV 3000+) using concentration range of 5-25μg/ml mometasone furoate in 7.4 phosphate buffers. The IR spectrum of sample drug and drug with excipients shows the peak values which are characteristics of the drug.

The formulated gel formulation was evaluated with parameter appearance, consistency, drug content pH, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro release test, washability, extrudability study and stability studies. FT-IR studies revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients. Selected organogels (F3) showed a drug content of 99.45±0.14% and drug release of 99.12 % in10 hrs.

The results suggest that the developed organogels formulation containing mometasone furoate can be of actual value for improving the clinical effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis.
Noticias del BID - Vol. 7 No. 9 - Noviembre 1980
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Noticias del BID - Vol. 7 No. 5 - Julio 1980
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Variación espacial de la comunidad de algas del perifiton en quebradas de la cuenca del río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Mosquera Murillo Zuleyma , Martínez Cuesta Lidis María
Published: March 2022

El fitoperifíton es una de las comunidades más importantes presente en los ríos, debido a que desempeña un papel fundamental en la dinámica de los mismos, en relación al flujo de energía, ciclo de nutrientes y productividad primaria. En esta investigación se caracterizó la comunidad fitoperifítica presente en quebradas ubicadas en la cuenta media del río San Juan, Chocó-Colombia. La fase de campo se desarrolló entre los meses de abril y agosto de 2015, y se estudiaron cinco quebradas en las que se realizaron colectas de fitoperifiton adherido a piedras sumergidas utilizando un cuadrante de 8cm2, obteniéndose un área de raspado de 200cm2; simultáneamente se midieron algunas variables físicas y químicas del agua. La densidad total fue de 2797,28 org/cm-2, distribuidos en 106 morfoespecies, pertenecientes a 17 órdenes, seis clases y cinco divisiones. Bacillariophyta fue la división más representativa en cuanto a densidad y riqueza específica, seguida de la división Charophyta. Las quebradas presentaron diferencias significativas en diversidad y riqueza (p<0,05), pero no para la densidad y dominancia (p>0,05). El análisis de agrupamiento reveló una baja similaridad en la composición de la comunidad perifítica entre quebradas. Las variables físicas y químicas se encontraron dentro de rangos normales para este tipo de ambientes y se correlacionaron significativamente con la comunidad fitoperifítica presente en los ecosistemas. Este estudio se constituye en una línea base para el conocimiento de las comunidades fitoperifíticas presentes en ambientes lóticos de la zona del San Juan (Chocó), teniendo en cuenta los impactos antrópicos a los que se enfrentan las fuentes hídricas de esta zona.
Comentario sobre el artículo EBP-Colombia and the bioeconomy: Genomics in the service of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development de Joseph E. A. Huddart, Andrew J. Crawford, Arturo L. Luna-Tapia, Silvia Restrepo y Federica Di Palma
Authors: Crawford Andrew J , Restrepo Silvia
Published: March 2022

PNAS 2022. Vol. 119 (4)e2115641119.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115641119
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Peter B. Reich, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Jingjing Liang, et al. (2022)
Authors: Aymard Corredor Gerardo Antonio
Published: March 2022

Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Peter B. Reich, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Jingjing Liang, et al. (2022) The number of tree species on Earth. PNAS 2022Vol. 119 No. 6 e2115329119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119
A New Robust RST Controller Based on PSO Optimization for DFIG Wind Turbine
Authors: Chemidi Abdelkarim , Horch Mohamed , Bourouis Mohammed El Amin
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a new approach to control active and reactive powers for DFIG wind power system is proposed. Where parameters of the RST controller are tuned by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. First the calculation of conventional RST polynomial is presented. The main goal of this study is to apply and compare the performances of two kinds of regulators (conventional RST and PSO-RST) for DFIG wind turbine system. A vector control of the DFIG is also presented in order to accomplish the control of active and reactive powers. The obtained results show the effectiveness and good performances of PSO-RST controller compared to the conventional RST in terms of reference tracking and disturbances rejection.
Baseline Penile Ultrasound and Color Doppler Parameters – A Comparison Between Psychogenic and Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction Patients
Authors: Narinder Kaur  , Janu Arora  , Ravinder Kaur  , Nitin Gupta  , Vidur Bhalla  , Navdeep Kaur  , Bhavneet Singh
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives: There are many causes of erectile dysfunction (ED) like congenital anomalies, neurological, endocrinal, pharmacological, psychological, pathological or hemodynamic. Penile doppler ultrasound provides real-time evaluation of cavernosal vascular flow dynamics. Purpose of our study was to evaluate and compare the baseline penile ultrasound and color doppler vascular parameters in patients of ED to see if there was any significant difference between patients of psychogenic and vasculogenic ED (diagnosed on post Papaverine injection color doppler) without the use of intracavernosal Papaverine injection. To best of our knowledge such detailed comparison of baseline penile ultrasound and doppler parameters have not been published in literature. Methods: We have prospectively studied 32 patients of ED who underwent ultrasound, and color doppler pre-and post-papaverine intracavernosal injection. Baseline pre papaverine diameters of right and left cavernosal arteries were measured on grey scale ultrasound. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of right and left cavernosal arteries were measured on color doppler before and after injecting intracavernosal papaverine injection. Patients were divided into normal study group (psychogenic ED), arterial insufficiency and venous leakage groups (vasculogenic ED) on the basis of post papaverine color doppler findings. Results: Eighteen patients showed normal study, 11 showed arterial insufficiency and 3 patients had venous leakage on post Papaverine injection color doppler. When base line prepapaverine vascular diameters and color doppler parameters were compared statistically, no significant difference was detected between and within these study groups. We have also compared Ed duration and IIEF scores among various study groups and found statistically significant difference between and within the groups. Conclusion: Use of a vasoactive agent like Papaverine with color Doppler is must to diagnose the vasculogenic ED.
Bilateral Destructive Ophthalmomyiasis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Naik Vishaka Devidas , Usgaonkar Ugam P. S.
Published: March 2022

Ophthalmomyiasis refers to larval infestation of the eye. A 75 years old male bedridden since three years was brought to casualty by his neighbour after having noticed worms crawling around both his eyes. Examination revealed a poor general condition and bilateral ophthalmomyiasis with blood stained foul discharge. Surgical intervention was undertaken. More than 200 maggots were removed mechanically and it was noted that there was complete destruction of intraocular contents leaving behind the scleral shell in both eyes. Entomological examination revealed larvae to be of Musca domestica and histopathological examination of the surrounding tissue showed no malignancy. Despite intensive treatment patient died after four days of admission.
Comparative Study of Intrathecal Bupivacaine versus Bupivacaine With Fentanyl for Post-Operative Analgesia in an Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Sankalecha Sunita , Jaiswal Neha Kishor
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section has been the preferred technique for majority of anaesthesiologist. The finite duration of spinal anaesthesia is the only drawback as compared to general anaesthesia. Therefore combination of local anaesthetics with intrathecal opioids makes it possible to achieve prolonged post-operative analgesia without affecting the mother and the baby. Aims And Objectives: 1)To compare the effectiveness of plain bupivacaine with bupivacaine plus fentanyl for post -operative analgesia among the two groups. 2)To compare the adverse effects among both the groups. Materials and Methods: 154 patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated to two equal groups; Group B patients received 10 mg (2 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and Group B + F received 9mg (1.8mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 10 ug (0.2 mL) preservative free fentanyl. The clinical profile of subarachnoid block in two groups, duration of effective analgesia and its effect on maternal and neonatal outcome was studied. Results: The duration of effective analgesia was significantly more in Group B +F (225.03+2.81)mins compared to Group B (119.90+2.76)mins. The incidence of side effects was less in Group B + F than Group B. Conclusion: We can conclude that the addition of fentanyl to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in cesarean section provides effective and prolonged post-operative analgesia with less side effects.
Study of Skin Diseases in Incumbent Prison Inmates
Authors: Das Joy Dhirendranath , Zawar Vijay , Pawar Manoj , Kumavat Shrikant , Bharati Jaya
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Dermatological diseases in prison is still an under-researched field and the importance of identifying and treating them promptly has recently been recognized. Skin diseases are common among prisoners especially those from developing countries due to the substandard living conditions such as overcrowding with hot and humid environment. Aims and Objectives: Our study aimed to estimate the occurrence of various dermatological diseases among prison inmates. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cohort study of inmates at Nashik Central Jail, Maharashtra was done for a duration of 6 months between February to July 2018. Results: Out of 3609 inmates, 532 inmates (461 males and 71 females) aged 23–62 years were suffering from various skin diseases. Most common skin disease were infectious dermatoses (72.18%, n=384). Amongst infections, fungal contributed to maximum cases (85.93%, n=330) of cases followed by bacterial infection (13.84%, n=53). Infestations were second most common skin disease (20.86%, n=111). Rest were less 7% of cases. Conclusion: Prison inmates are prone to develop various skin infections and infestations due to poor standard of living. They are often neglected & may pose a danger of spreading skin infections among other prison inmates & in the community eventually. Appropriate and adequate health policies can prevent skin disease in prison.
Functional Outcome of Instrumentation and Interbody Cage Fusion in Cases of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Agarwal Mukesh , Pangavane Sandeep , Nebhani Nimesh , Kulkarni Ameya , Agarwal Nitish , Rathod Yogesh
Published: March 2022

Background: Primary lumbar vertebral instability or “spondylolisthesis” is perhaps one of the commonest radiological sign associated with lumbo-sacral pain after the third decade of life. Aims and Objectives: To find out the functional outcome in terms of clinical improvement in cases of single level lumbar spondylolisthesis by bone grafting and interbody cage fusion and pedicle screw fixation after decompression of neural elements. Materials and Methods: All the patients were evaluated by anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral spine centered at the appropriate level. In all cases flexion and extension views were taken to assess the instability. More than 4 to 5 mm of sagittal translation and 10 degrees of rotation were considered as instability. All cases were evaluated further by MRI to evaluate facet joint pathology, sacralization/lumbarisation and to find the associated disc changes and the nerve root involvement. All patients were treated by decompression and interbody fusion with cage and bone graft by either Transforaminal or Posterior approach and instrumentation done with pedicle screws. Post operatively all patients were assessed for the functional outcome using the Oswestry Disability Index at 1 month, 3 month and 6 months Results: There is statistically significant difference in ODI Scores (Oswestry Disability Index) post operatively at 1 month, 3 month and 6 months. Conclusion: In agreement with good results, found in our study, we strongly believe that this technique of fusion and instrumentation is very useful in management of lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, this study should further be extended to a wider sample of patients with a longer follow-up.
The Functional Outcome of Simultaneous Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Meniscus Repair
Authors: Bhardwaj Shantanu Hari , Aware Sandeep , Pangavane Sandeep , Apte Aditya , Maniar Adit , Fuse Akshay
Published: March 2022

Background: Meniscal repair is performed in an attempt to prevent post-traumatic arthritis resulting from meniscal dysfunction after meniscal tears. The socio-economic implications of premature arthritis are significant in the young patient population. Investigations and techniques focusing on meniscus preservation and healing are now at the forefront of orthopaedic sports medicine. Methods: All unilateral primary ACL reconstructions in a prospective cohort who had meniscal repair at the time of ACLR were evaluated. Validated patient oriented outcome instruments were completed preoperatively and then again at follow up. Results: 65 unilateral primary ACL reconstructions were performed concomitant meniscal repairs during the study period. Patient follow-up was obtained, allowing confirmation of meniscal repair success (defined as no repeat arthroscopic procedure) or failure. Conclusions: Meniscal repair is a successful procedure in conjunction with ACL reconstruction. When confronted with a “repairable” meniscal tear at the time of ACL reconstruction, orthopaedic surgeons can expect an estimated >90% clinical success rate using a variety of methods as shown in our study.
Comparison of Snodgrass Tubularised Incised Plate Urethroplasty and Duckett Onlay Transverse Preputial Patch Urethroplasty for Correction of Penile Hypospadias
Authors: Vaidya Mandar , Shetye Suyog , Kulkarni Jyotsna
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Hypospadias is defined as a condition where the urethra opens on the ventral aspect of the penis. It is commonly associated with penile curvature, usually ventral and is one of the most common genital birth defects in males. Hypospadias can be treated with numerous different surgical approaches numbering upto 200, and historically has been treated with procedures like Trans-Verse Island Flap (TVIF) on lay, Tubularised Incised-Plate (TIP), vertical preputial island flap, tubularised preputial flap, vertical preputial flap with double skin island etc. Present study was conducted to compare Snodgrass Tubularised Incised Plate Urethroplasty (TIP procedure) and Duckett Onlay Transverse Preputial Patch Urethroplasty for penile hypospadias correction. Material and Methods: Male patients between the age of 2-14 years who underwent correction of penile hypospadias by either of the two techniques viz. TIP (procedure) Urethroplasty and Duckett Onlay Transverse Preputial Patch Urethroplasty were included in the present prospective observational study after written informed consent. Results: The study was carried out with 40 patients and sorted into two groups, i.e. Snodgrass (S) and Duckett (D) group with 20 patients each. No difference was observed among study groups withregards to incidence of individual complications like urethrocutaneous fistula, stricture, or wound infection (p>0.05). However, total complication rate was marginally higher (55%) in Snodgrass’ procedure as compared to Duckett’s procedure (35%). All the cases of stricture (10%) and wound dehiscence (5%) were reported in Snodgrass group.
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes intoxicados con acetaminofén con intenciones suicidas
Authors: Vásquez Daniel , Ahunca Luisa Fernanda , Restrepo Diana , Duque Marle , Ramírez Lina María , Toro Luis Guillermo
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: este estudio busca describir los individuos evaluados por sobredosis de acetaminofén entre 2019 y 2020 en un centro de referencia de trasplante hepático en Colombia. Metodología: estudio derivado del análisis secundario de historias clínicas entre el 1.º de enero de 2019 y el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión abarcan individuos con ingestión aguda y voluntaria de dosis tóxicas de acetaminofén (>4 g/día). Resultados: sesenta y tres casos, 68% mujeres, 67% menores de 18 años y 54% estudiantes. Reportó historia personal de enfermedad psiquiátrica el 60% y el 35% al menos un intento de suicidio previo. La mediana de dosis de acetaminofén fue 15g, 46% refirieron co-ingesta de otras sustancias y 13% estaba bajo efecto de sustancias psicoactivas. El 57% tenía la intención clara de suicidarse, así como 81% vomitó antes de acudir al servicio de urgencias, 22% recibió medidas de descontaminación y 10% no recibió N - acetilcisteína. Quince individuos desarrollaron lesión hepática aguda, nueve con criterios de severidad. Conclusiones: la población era predominantemente joven, la historia de enfermedad psiquiátrica fue muy prevalente y la mayoría refirieron un evento vital que explicara el comportamiento impulsivo de consumo. Ninguno desarrolló criterios para trasplante hepático, lo cual podría explicarse por la edad de los individuos, los episodios de vómito temprano, y la ausencia de enfermedad hepática crónica o de consumo de sustancias hepatotóxicas.
Helicobacter pylori: novedades, genes de virulencia y resistencia a los antibióticos en Colombia
Authors: Villalba Montero Luisa Fernanda , Pantoja Espinosa Angélica Lucía , Garcíadel Risco Fernando Luis , Paternina Ricardo Saray Vanessa , Arroyo Salgado Bárbara Julia
Published: March 2022

Helicobacter pylori es un carcinógeno tipo I resistente a múltiples antibióticos y con alta prioridad en salud pública. La infección por este microorganismo está influenciada por una interacción compleja entre la genética del huésped, el entorno y múltiples factores de virulencia de la cepa infectante. Afecta al 50 % de la población mundial, provocando afecciones gastroduodenales graves, la mayoría de forma asintomática. El 20 % de los individuos con H. pylori pueden desarrollar a través del tiempo lesiones gástricas preneoplásicas y el 2 % de ellos un cáncer gástrico. Las manifestaciones clínicas gastrointestinales y extragastrointestinales están asociadas a su virulencia y a la respuesta del sistema inmunológico con la liberación de citosinas proinflamatorias, tales como TNF-alfa, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-8, causantes de inflamación aguda y crónica. Múltiples factores de virulencia han sido estudiados como el gen A asociado a la citotoxina (CagA) y la citotoxina vacuolante (VacA), los cuales juegan un rol importante en la aparición del cáncer gástrico. Dada la resistencia cada vez mayor a los antibióticos utilizados, las líneas de estudio en el futuro inmediato deben estar encaminadas en establecer la utilidad de los nuevos antibióticos y la determinación de profagos colombianos en todo el país. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo hacer una puesta al día sobre las características del H. pylori, los mecanismos patogénicos, genes de virulencia, su asociación con el mayor riesgo de cáncer gástrico, farmacorresistencia microbiana y su erradicación.
Uso práctico de inhibidores de bomba de protones
Authors: Zuluaga Arbeláez Nicolás , Ardila Óscar , Guevara Casallas Luis Gonzalo
Published: March 2022

Los inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) se encuentran entre los medicamentos más utilizados en el mundo por su bajo costo, extensa prescripción y efectividad. Sin embargo, su uso a largo plazo no es inocuo y aún hay vacíos en el conocimiento del empleo adecuado de estos medicamentos. Por lo tanto, en esta revisión se expone, además de sus propiedades generales, sus verdaderas indicaciones, el uso recomendado a largo plazo y las estrategias para lograr la deprescripción, con el fin de evitar el uso indiscriminado.
Hemorragia del tracto digestivo superior, enfoque para el médico general
Authors: Rendón Porras Alejandro , Carmona García Valentina , González Acosta Isabela , Vásquez Echeverri Isabel , Mejía Franco Esteban , Gómez Pérez Laura , Jaramillo Franco Catalina , González Zapata María Ema , Vallejo Tamayo Sara , Acevedo Betancur Andrés Felipe
Published: March 2022

La hemorragia del tracto digestivo superior (HTDS) es el sangrado originado por encima del ángulo de Treitz. A pesar del aumento en las estrategias de prevención, del incremento en los tratamientos con Inhibidor de bomba de protones (IBP) y de la intervención endoscópica temprana, esta patología sigue siendo una causa frecuente de consulta a urgencias, con una morbimortalidad no despreciable y alta carga para el sistema de salud. Esta revisión se enfoca en la HTDS de causa diferente a las varices. La principal causante de esta entidad es la enfermedad ácido-péptica, que es consecuencia del gran consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES) y de la infección por Helicobacter Pylori. Otras causas son el síndrome de Mallory Weiss, la esofagitis erosiva, las malformaciones arteriovenosas y la malignidad.