bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexism, perceived discrimination, and system justification in the 2016 U.S. presidential election context
Authors: Monteith Margo J. , Hildebrand Laura K.
Published: April 2019

The 2016 U.S. presidential election provided a pertinent context for investigating novel influences on system-related beliefs. We examined Trump and Clinton supporters’ sexist attitudes toward women, perceptions of gender discrimination, and system justification before and after the election. Controlling for conservatism, we found that (a) Trump supporters reported more modern and hostile sexism than Clinton supporters; (b) male Trump supporters perceived greater gender discrimination toward men than male Clinton supporters, an effect mediated by sexist attitudes toward women; (c) female Trump supporters perceived less gender discrimination toward women than female Clinton supporters, an effect also mediated by sexist attitudes toward women; and (d) system justification increased among Trump supporters but decreased among Clinton supporters postelection. These results extend the existing literature on system-related beliefs by revealing the role of antifeminism and misogyny in shaping perceptions of gender discrimination and highlighting how political outcomes are associated with system threat versus reinforcement.
Return to work after first incidence of long-term sickness absence: A 10-year prospective follow-up study identifying labour-market trajectories using sequence analysis
Authors: Madsen Aleksander Årnes
Published: April 2019

Aims: The study aim was to identify prototypical labour-market trajectories following a first incidence of long-term sickness absence (LTSA), and to assess whether baseline socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the return-to-work (RTW) process and labour-market attachment (LMA). Methods: This prospective study used Norwegian administrative registers with quarterly information on labour-market participation to follow all individuals born 1952–1978 who underwent a first LTSA during the first quarter of 2004 ( n =9607) over a 10-year period (2004–2013). Sequence analysis was used to identify prototypical labour-market trajectories and LMA; trajectory membership was examined with multinomial logistic regression. Results: Sequence analysis identified nine labour-market trajectories illustrating the complex RTW process, with multiple states and transitions. Among this sample, 68.2% had a successful return to full-time work, while the remaining trajectories consisted of part-time work, unemployment, recurrence of LTSA, rehabilitation and disability pension (DP). A higher odds ratio (OR) for membership to trajectories of weaker LMA was found for females and older participants, while being married/cohabitating, having children, working in the public sector, and having a higher education, income and occupational class were associated with a lower OR of recurrence, unemployment, rehabilitation and DP trajectories. These results are consistent with three LMA indicators. Conclusions: Sequence analysis revealed prototypical labour-market trajectories and provided a holistic overview of the heterogeneous RTW processes. While the most frequent outcome was successful RTW, several unfavourable labour-market trajectories were identified, with trajectory membership predicted by socio-demographic measures.
Association of snus experimentation in late adolescence with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood: A longitudinal study among Finnish men
Authors: Araneda David , Korhonen Tellervo , Laatikainen Tiina , Haukkala Ari , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: April 2019

Aims: Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) is a lower-risk tobacco product than cigarette smoking for individuals. However, the public health impact of snus use is less well studied. Critically, it is uncertain whether use of snus leads to the onset of smoking. This study aimed to investigate prospectively the association between snus experimentation in late adolescence and daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood among Finnish young men. Methods: Data were obtained from 1090 young men within the population-based FinnTwin12 cohort. At baseline (mean age 17 years), we assessed lifetime use of cigarettes and snus, plus other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. At follow-up (mean age 24 years), participants were categorized according to their current smoking status. The final analyses were conducted among 375 young men who were never smokers at baseline with adequate data on follow-up smoking status and other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. Results: Age-adjusted logistic regressions showed an increased risk of becoming a daily smoker at follow-up among those participants who had at least tried snus but had never smoked cigarettes at baseline (odds ratio (OR) 6.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–20.7), compared with those who had never used snus. When additionally adjusted for monthly alcohol intoxication, maternal smoking, and peer drug use, the association between snus experimentation and later daily cigarette smoking was attenuated, but remained significant (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.22–12.7). Conclusions: Our data support the proposition that snus experimentation during late adolescence is longitudinally associated with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood. Although a causal association cannot be inferred with certainty, snus experimentation might constitute an indicator of the propensity to proceed to regular snus use and initiation of use of other tobacco or nicotine products.
Seasonal variation in seeking help for domestic violence based on Google search data and Finnish police calls in 2017
Authors: Koutaniemi Eeva M. , Einiö Elina
Published: April 2019

Aims: Domestic violence is a major health concern and a largely hidden crime. It is estimated that authorities receive information in only a minority of cases. This study investigated seasonal patterns in seeking help for domestic violence by employing Google data. Methods: We utilised monthly Google search data and police calls made in Finland in 2017 to analyse seasonal variation in seeking help for domestic violence. We calculated rate ratios for selected Google terms based on observed search volumes (O) and those expected without seasonal variation (E). These rate ratios (O/E) were compared with the corresponding police call statistics registered as domestic violence. Results: The findings on Google search data showed increased search volumes for domestic violence in November, January and March. The rate ratio (O/E) for searches for shelters is 1.30 in November [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–1.33], 1.17 in January (95% CI: 1.14–1.20), and 1.16 in March (95% CI: 1.13–1.29). These peaks in search volumes occur within the same months as those observed in the corresponding police calls categorised as domestic violence. Police data also showed somewhat higher volumes in April. Conclusions: The study suggests that Google search volumes can be used to study the highest peaks in seeking help for domestic violence in countries with a high level of Internet usage and no available police data.
Scandinavian research on complementary and alternative medicine: A bibliometric study
Authors: Danell Jenny-Ann Brodin , Danell Rickard , Vuolanto Pia
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the development of Scandinavian research on complementary and alternative medicine in terms of publication pattern and general content. Furthermore we will map research networks. Methods and data: This study is based on bibliometric methods. The dataset consists of 1441 publications with at least one author with a Scandinavian address and/or organisational affiliation, from 2005–2017, in Medline and Web of Science. Results and conclusions: Complementary and alternative medicine is a small and moderately growing research field in Scandinavia, with an average of 120 publications per year. The largest sub-term is integrative and complementary medicine, but the majority of documents are classified as other medical sub-fields. A similar pattern is found regarding the sources. The Medical Subject Heading classifications of the documents and the author keywords indicate that much of the relevant research takes a general focus on complementary and alternative medicine. Regarding specific therapies, mind-body and sensory art therapies are particularly prominent in the material. Various aspects of pain, mental health and gynaecology are recurrent health issues. In total, 31.5% of the publications are classified as clinical trials. The organisations referenced most frequently in the material are Karolinska Institutet and UiT Tromsö and it is clear the research is based at large universities and university hospitals. The research networks have relatively different profiles and collaborate with both Scandinavian and international organisations.
Frequent attenders at risk of disability pension: a longitudinal study combining routine and register data
Authors: Reho Tiia T.M. , Atkins Salla A. , Talola Nina , Sumanen Markku P.T. , Viljamaa Mervi , Uitti Jukka
Published: April 2019

Aims: Frequent attendance in healthcare services is associated with ill-health and chronic illnesses. More information is needed about the phenomenon’s connection with disability pensions (DPs). Methods: The study group comprised 59,676 patients divided into occasional- (1yFAs) and persistent frequent attenders (pFAs) and non-frequent attenders (non-FAs). Odds ratios for DP were analysed for these groups taking into account preceding sickness absence days. The awarded DPs were obtained from the Finnish Centre for Pensions and data on primary care visits were obtained from Pihlajalinna, a nationwide occupational healthcare provider. Results: 1yFAs and pFAs have more DPs than non-FAs. During follow-up, 14.9% of pFAs, 9.6% of 1yFAs and 1.6% of non-FAs had a DP decision of any kind. pFAs receive more partial and fixed-term decisions than the other groups and most permanent DPs are granted to 1yFAs. Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common reason for illness-based retirement in all groups but 1yFAs and pFAs have proportionally more mental disorders leading to DP. The group of non-FAs, on the other hand, has more DPs granted based on neoplasms. Both 1yFAs and pFAs have an increased risk of DP but the effect is diluted after taking into account preceding sick-leave. Conclusions: Frequent attendance of healthcare services, both occasional and persistent, is associated with increased risk of future DP. The association is linked to increased sickness absences. Frequent attenders should be identified and their rehabilitative needs evaluated. Frequency of consultation could be used in selecting candidates for early rehabilitation before sickness absences develop.
Adjusting for non-response in the Finnish Drinking Habits Survey
Authors: Tolonen Hanna , Honkala Miika , Reinikainen Jaakko , Härkänen Tommi , Mäkelä Pia
Published: April 2019

Aim: We aim to compare four different weighting methods to adjust for non-response in a survey on drinking habits and to examine whether the problem of under-coverage of survey estimates of alcohol use could be remedied by these methods in comparison to sales statistics. Method: The data from a general population survey of Finns aged 15–79 years in 2016 ( n=2285, response rate 60%) were used. Outcome measures were the annual volume of drinking and prevalence of hazardous drinking. A wide range of sociodemographic and regional variables from registers were available to model the non-response. Response propensities were modelled using logistic regression and random forest models to derive two sets of refined weights in addition to design weights and basic post-stratification weights. Results: Estimated annual consumption changed from 2.43 litres of 100% alcohol using design weights to 2.36–2.44 when using the other three weights and the estimated prevalence of hazardous drinkers changed from 11.4% to 11.4–11.8%, correspondingly. The use of weights derived by the random forest method generally provided smaller estimates than use of the logistic regression-based weights. Conclusions: The use of complex non-response weights derived from the logistic regression model or random forest are not likely to provide much added value over more simple weights in surveys on alcohol use. Surveys may not catch heavy drinkers and therefore are prone for under-reporting of alcohol use at the population level. Also, factors other than sociodemographic characteristics are likely to influence participation decisions.
Antipsychotic medication use among working-age first-generation migrants resident in Finland: An administrative data linkage study
Authors: Bosqui Tania , Väänänen Ari , Koskinen Aki , Buscariolli André , O’reilly Dermot , Airila Auli , Toivanen Minna , Kouvonen Anne
Published: April 2019

Aims: Higher incidence of psychotic disorders in high-income countries for migrants compared with the settled majority has been well established. However, it is less clear to what extent different migrants groups have accessed and utilised mental health care. This study aimed to identify the hazard of antipsychotic medication use in the largest migrant groups in Finland, compared with a Finnish-born comparison group, using high quality datasets maintained by Statistics Finland and Social Insurance Institution Finland, and linking socio-demographic and -economic characteristics to antipsychotic prescription purchases. Methods: The study draws on a representative sample of 33% of the adult working-age population of Finland in 2005 ( n = 1,059,426, 50.2% male, 2.5% migrant). The use of antipsychotic drugs was followed-up from 2005 to 2014. Results: The results show that the hazard of antipsychotic medication purchases differed between migrant groups, with a higher hazard for migrants from North Africa and the Middle East before socio-economic adjustment (men HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.37; women HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.66), and a lower hazard for all migrant groups after adjustment for socio-economic characteristics compared with the Finland-born population. Conclusions: The findings suggest that attention should be paid to the lower use of medication for psychotic disorders in some migrant groups, as well as the potential role of social disadvantage for migrants from North Africa and Middle East.
Do user preferences align with human factors assessment scores of drug–drug interaction alerts?
Authors: Lowenstein David , Zheng Wu Yi , Burke Rosemary , Kenny Eliza , Sandhu Anmol , Makeham Meredith , Westbrook Johanna , Day Richard O , Baysari Melissa T
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to assess drug–drug interaction alert interfaces and to examine the relationship between compliance with human factors principles and user-preferences of alerts. Three reviewers independently evaluated drug–drug interaction alert interfaces in seven electronic systems using the Instrument-for-Evaluating-Human-Factors-Principles-in-Medication-Related-Decision-Support-Alerts (I-MeDeSA). Fifty-three doctors and pharmacists completed a survey to rate the alert interfaces from best to worst and reported on liked and disliked features. Human factors compliance and user-preferences of alerts were compared. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between I-MeDeSA scores and user-preferences. However, the strengths and weaknesses of drug–drug interaction alerts from users’ perspectives were in-line with the human factors constructs evaluated by the I-MeDeSA. I-MeDeSA in its current form, is unable to identify alerts that are preferred by the users. The design principles assessed by I-MeDeSA appear to be sound, but its arbitrary allocation of points to each human factors construct may not reflect the relative importance that the end-users place on different aspects of alert design.
From sensation to stigma: Changing standards for suicide coverage in US journalism textbooks, 1894–2016
Authors: Parks Perry
Published: April 2019

Suicide has long been a major category of news, but conceptions of newsworthiness and ethical approaches to coverage of suicide have changed dramatically over the past century. This interpretive textual analysis of journalism textbooks published from 1894 to 2016 traces how discourse on suicide coverage shifted with professional practice and social conceptions over the 20th century. Suicide was a popular genre of sensational human-interest story featured in early journalism textbooks, but many contemporary texts barely acknowledge suicide, portraying it as a generally private matter requiring characteristics of prominence, impact, or unusualness to make news. Findings suggest that the discursive pendulum has swung too far from the exploitative coverage promoted at the turn of the 20th century to the present-day marginalization of a significant social and public health issue.
How to succeed with high quality randomised clinical trials in clinical orthodontic research
Authors: Bondemark Lars
Published: April 2019

One goal of producing relevant clinical research is to ensure that evidence-based research results are transformed into everyday clinical practice that help clinicians deliver high quality care. It also involves ensuring that the individual patient receives the most effective and least risky treatment, ultimately leading to an optimal treatment outcome both in the short and long term. Some fundamentals of evidence-based dentistry are highlighted with focus on performing orthodontic randomised controlled trials.
Translanguaging through story: Empowering children to use their full language repertoire
Authors: Flynn Erin Elizabeth , Hoy Selena L , Lea Jessica L , García Mónica A
Published: April 2019

Translanguaging through story documents the progression of an emerging bilingual preschooler who draws on his full linguistic repertoire to story his experiences with others. Over the course of the school year, Diego progresses in his ability to tell a complete story in both English and Spanish. Repeated engagement in storytelling provides the support needed for Diego to continue and extend ideas in his stories and in his drawing and play. The case shows how opening the space for children to use their full language repertoire enables a child to reciprocally develop named languages like English and Spanish as he improves at academic tasks like telling stories.
Rethinking marketplace culture: Play and the context of context
Authors: O’Sullivan Stephen R. , Shankar Avi
Published: April 2019

Play theory has been underutilized to understand consumer behaviour. In this article, we adopt a play theory perspective to understand how consumers respond to and navigate macrostructural influences. The marketplace culture stream of consumer culture theory (CCT) research is particularly well suited to macrostructural analysis from a play theory perspective. We develop an analytical framework derived from play theory to interpret the context of marketplace culture. We show how the types of play foundational to marketplace culture experiences act as expressions of order or disorder to wider macrostructural influences. In contrast to agentic perspectives, we show how marketplace culture experiences, despite their fun appearance, embody the underlying tensions of the intensifying rationality, regulation and competition structuring neoliberal society. Finally, we express concern over the marketer’s control of playground expression and suggest CCT adopt a more critical stance to the commercialization of play.
Is it time to call time on reaction time?
Authors: Goode Alastair
Published: April 2019

With the increase in the usage of millisecond reaction time based testing this article critically evaluates the thinking behind reaction time testing, concluding that stronger definitions of what is being measured are needed and more clarity in the terminology surrounding the conscious / unconscious distinction.
Transforming work through human sensing: a confined space monitoring application
Authors: Kiehl Zachary A , Durkee Kevin T , Halverson Kent C , Christensen James C , Hellstern George F
Published: April 2019

The use of objective data via sensors and subjective data via qualitative assessments from subject matter experts for the structural health monitoring of important assets is a long-standing and prudent practice. However, humans who build, maintain, or operate these systems are often not monitored with the same degree of importance. Although the reasons for this discrepancy may be numerous and sometimes well-intentioned (e.g. privacy), human monitoring systems are still relatively nascent when compared to their machine-based counterparts. Fortunately, the recent proliferation and miniaturization of wearable technology offers as an unprecedented opportunity in the realm of human monitoring systems. This article presents an example of how human sensing technology is transforming the nature of work in the aircraft maintenance domain by reducing operating costs and enhancing personnel safety. More specifically, this article describes a remote monitoring system for monitoring the health and safety of individuals working Occupational Safety and Health Administration–defined confined spaces, which are dangerous places to work for reasons such as small physical space or adverse atmospheric conditions. The described system consists of (1) wearable monitoring systems for assessing physiological data, postural and activity data, geographic location, and atmospheric data; (2) a body area network for transmitting data to a centralized, cloud-based server; (3) a customized alerting architecture for the generation and management of health and safety alerts; and (4) various user interfaces for depicting critical information to the appropriate parties. This article describes these components in detail along with a brief description of both the history of human monitoring and pitfalls that typically plague such initiatives. The specific initiative that supported the generation of this system is still under development; however, this article aims to provide a practical example of how a human monitoring system can augment safety and cost efficiency in a precarious environment.
Developing Tobacco Control Interventions in Permanent Supportive Housing for Formerly Homeless Adults
Authors: Alizaga Natalie M. , Nguyen Tram , Petersen Anne Berit , Elser Holly , Vijayaraghavan Maya
Published: April 2019

Smoke-free policies are effective population-based strategies to reduce tobacco use yet are uncommon in permanent supportive housing (PSH) for formerly homeless individuals who have high rates of smoking. In this study, we partnered with six supportive housing agencies in the San Francisco Bay Area to examine the implementation of smoke-free policies and cessation services. We administered a questionnaire and conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with agency directors (n = 6), property management staff (n = 23), and services staff (n = 24) from 23 PSH sites on the barriers to implementing tobacco control interventions. All properties restricted smoking in indoor shared areas, but only two had policies restricting smoking in living areas. While there was staff consensus that smoke-free policies were important to reduce tobacco-related harm, participants disagreed on whether smoke-free policies were aligned with PSH’s harm reduction framework. Residents’ comorbid mental illness and substance use and the lack of appropriate enforcement tools were barriers to implementation. Using these formative findings, we present a framework for a toolkit of strategies to increase implementation of smoke-free policies and cessation interventions in PSH. Successful implementation of indoor smoke-free policies in PSH will require concurrent cessation services to support smoking cessation efforts and address the mental health and substance use needs of residents.
School-Based Dental Education for Improving Oral Self-Care in Mexican Elementary School–Aged Children
Authors: López-Núñez Benjamín , Aleksejūnienė Jolanta , Villanueva-Vilchis María del Carmen
Published: April 2019

Aim. To test the efficiency and acceptance of school-based dental education for improving oral self-care in Mexican elementary school–aged children. Method. A total of 408 students from 4 schools were examined at the baseline, 3 months (follow-up rate was 94%) and 6 months observations (follow-up rate 91%). Group 1 served as a control, Group 2 received a lecture-based education, and Group 3 consisted of trained peer-leaders who educated their peers. Oral self-care practice and oral self-care skills were assessed at the baseline and both follow-ups. A number of sociodemographic and oral health behavior/knowledge characteristics were tested as predictors of oral self-care outcomes at different observation periods. Results. Oral self-care outcomes improved in Groups 2 and 3, but not in the control group. The selected child population, their caregivers and teachers perceived the school-based educational strategy as important and necessary. There was no consistent pattern of predictors explaining variations in oral self-care outcomes at any of the observation periods. Oral self-care improvement observed at the 6 months observation was mainly predicted by the baseline oral self-care levels, dental education, and age. Conclusions. The school-based dental education was easy to implement, and it was effective for improving children’s oral self-care practice and skills.
Do Nursing Home Residents With Dementia Receive Pain Interventions?
Authors: Nakashima Taeko , Young Yuchi , Hsu Wan-Hsiang
Published: April 2019

This study compares pain interventions received by nursing home residents with and without dementia. Secondary data analyses of cross-sectional data from 50,673 nursing home residents in New York State were collected by the Minimum Data Set 3.0. Frequency distributions and bivariate analyses with χ2 tests were used to organize and summarize the data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between dementia and pain interventions. Our results show that residents with dementia had significantly fewer pain assessments and less reported pain presence than their counterparts. After adjusting for covariates, the results indicate that residents with dementia were significantly less likely to receive pro re nata and nonmedication pain intervention. However, there were no significant differences in scheduled pain medication between the 2 groups. To address the gap, we need more research to design a pain assessment tool that can differentiate severity of pain so that appropriate interventions can be applied.
Some exact solutions of two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations by generalizing the local vorticity
Authors: Akbar Tanvir , Zia Qazi Muhammad Zaigham
Published: April 2019

This article is proposed to discuss the solutions of two-dimensional equations of motion for viscous fluid. Different situations for the solution have been investigated while employing inverse solution methods. On assuming the stream functions in a certain form without prescribing boundary conditions, the expressions for streamlines and velocity components are explicitly presented. Moreover, a series of graphical results for streamlines and velocity components are plotted.
Impacts of mobile phone distractions on pedestrian crossing behavior at signalized intersections: An observational study in China
Authors: Zhou Zhuping , Liu Sixian , Xu Wenxin , Pu Ziyuan , Zhang Shuichao , Zhou Yang
Published: April 2019

Nowadays phone distraction has started to become an increasingly recognized phenomenon. This article aims to examine the influences of phone use on pedestrian crossing behavior at signalized intersections in China. Using video recording and manual counting, pedestrian crossing behavior, age, gender, phone use, and waiting time are obtained at four signalized intersections. Totally, 4196 pedestrians are observed in four peak hours. Among them, 328 pedestrians (7.82%) are using their mobile phones, including 162 male pedestrians and 166 female pedestrians. The average phone use rate in different age groups are presented as follows: children (4.49%), youth (10.69%), middle-aged (6.87%), and elderly (1.15%). In terms of the phone using behavior on the crosswalk, age is a significant factor, while gender is not. For the type of violation behavior, the results show that pedestrians who use mobile phones are most likely to be late starters. In addition, some other important results are found: mobile phone use can raise the violation of pedestrian crossing behavior; pedestrians using their phones are more likely to cross on red; and pedestrians using their phones while crossing walk more slowly. Finally, the application significance of this study and some recommendations are provided to improve pedestrian safety.
Strength analytical solution to ultra-high-speed permanent magnet rotor considering temperature gradient and segmental permanent magnet effect
Authors: Cheng Wenjie , Deng Zhikai , Xiao Ling , Zhong Bin , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2019

Ultra-high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors usually adopt the rotor in which a sleeve is interference fitted onto a ring permanent magnet or segmental permanent magnets. The rotors are always subject to the extreme working condition (e.g. high speed and high temperature). In order to predict the strength of the rotor, this article proposes analytical models considering three types of stress sources such as interference fit, centrifugal force, and temperature gradient. Examples are calculated and discussed. Results show that the effect of the temperature gradient on sleeve stresses is slight; however, the influence of the temperature gradient on stresses of the permanent magnet and shaft is dramatic; for the rotor with a outer surface forced air cooling, the shaft will generate a large radial expansion which causes a addition pressure effect on the permanent magnet and sleeve to prevent loosening and stripping of the interfaces. Moreover, segmental permanent magnets are helpful to reduce stress. The study will give a useful hint for the optimal design and manufacture of the ultra-high-speed permanent magnet rotor.
Effects of different coating materials on three-dimensional optical scanning accuracy
Authors: Pereira João Rogério Machado , de Lima e Silva Penz Ivan , da Silva Fabio Pinto
Published: April 2019

The processes of three-dimensional optical scanning depend on the reflection of the surface to be digitized. To scan specular or translucent surfaces, it is necessary to apply a coating material which interferes with the accuracy of the three-dimensional measurements. This study proposes the use of gold, silver, platinum, and carbon by sputtering to coat the surfaces to be scanned. The effects of these materials on the accuracy of the three-dimensional scanning were evaluated and compared with those of two frequently used materials, namely, talc and non-aqueous wet developer for penetrant testing. To verify the resulting geometric variations, specimens were scanned before and after the application of each coating material. The results showed that the intrinsic errors of the three-dimensional scanning process, such as the registration of several point clouds, can have more significant effects than the coating material used. Measurements taken from a single point cloud showed dimensional tolerances of approximately 0.01 mm for gold, platinum, and carbon coating. These coatings offer significantly higher accuracy than the traditionally used developer and are suggested for accurate three-dimensional scanning of specular and translucent surfaces.
Evaluation of the Swedish National Stroke Campaign: A population-based time-series study
Authors: Nordanstig Annika , Palaszewski Bo , Asplund Kjell , Norrving Bo , Wahlgren Nils , Wester Per , Jood Katarina , Rosengren Lars
Published: April 2019

Background

Time delay from stroke onset to hospital arrival is an important obstacle to recanalization therapy. To increase knowledge about stroke symptoms and potentially reduce delayed hospital arrival, a 27-month national public information campaign was conducted in Sweden.

Aim

To assess the effects of a national stroke campaign in Sweden.

Methods

This nationwide study included 97,840 patients with acute stroke, admitted to hospital and registered in the Swedish Stroke Register from 1 October 2010 to 31 December 2014 (one year before the campaign started to one year after the campaign ended). End points were (1) proportion of patients arriving at hospital within 3 h of stroke onset and (2) the proportion < 80 years of age receiving recanalization therapy.

Results

During the campaign, both the proportion of patients arriving at hospital within 3 h (p < 0.05) and the proportion receiving recanalization therapy (p < 0.001) increased. These proportions remained stable the year after the campaign, and no significant improvements with respect to the two end points were observed during the year preceding the campaign. In a multivariable logistic regression model comparing the last year of the campaign with the year preceding the campaign, the odds ratio of arriving at hospital within 3 h was 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.09) and that of receiving recanalization was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.24–1.46).

Conclusion

The Swedish National Stroke Campaign was associated with a sustained increase in the proportion of patients receiving recanalization therapy and a small but significant improvement in the proportion arriving at hospital within 3 h.
Comparison of surrogate 50th percentile human headforms to an adult male sample using three-dimensional modeling and principal component analysis
Authors: Liu Kristie , Greencorn David J , Aponte Daniel I , Robbins Shawn M , Pearsall David J
Published: April 2019

Ice hockey helmets are required to be impact tested while mounted to a surrogate 50th percentile adult male headform. However, head shape and size can vary substantially from user to user. Furthermore, the contact area between a headform and helmet interior has been identified as an important factor affecting the protective capabilities of a helmet. The objective of this study was to compare quantitative measures of head shapes between three 50th percentile adult male headforms and a sample of adult human subjects who wore a medium-sized helmet. Using three-dimensional models of the human subjects and headforms, head shape was quantified by assessing radial distances in two transverse planes of the head and by using principal component analysis to determine the largest components of fit. Notable differences were found between the headforms and human subjects. The headforms were smaller than the human subjects, demonstrating smaller radial distances for the entire head. The principal components of head shape were overall size and roundness of the head. The results of this study demonstrate the headforms are not representative of the sample median.
Barrier contraception methods
Authors: Kendall Emily , Lebari Dornubari
Published: April 2019

Barrier contraceptive methods are the oldest type of reversible contraception still available. They work by preventing the egg and the sperm coming into contact with one another, thereby preventing fertilisation. Some barrier contraceptive methods have the added benefit of preventing transmission of sexual infections. The main types of barrier contraceptives are the male and female condoms, diaphragms and cervical caps. This article aims to provide an overview of the different barrier methods for contraception, their efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages.
First in vivo visualization of the human subarachnoid space and brain cortex via optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hartmann Karl , Stein Klaus-Peter , Neyazi Belal , Sandalcioglu Ibrahim Erol
Published: April 2019

The present work explores optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a suitable in vivo neuroimaging modality of the subarachnoid space (SAS). Patients ( n = 26) with frontolateral craniotomy were recruited. The temporal and frontal arachnoid mater and adjacent anatomical structures were scanned using microscope-integrated three-dimensional OCT, (iOCT). Analysis revealed a detailed depiction of the SAS (76.9%) with delineation of the internal microanatomical structures such as the arachnoid barrier cell membrane (ABCM; 96.2%), trabecular system (50.2%), internal blood vessels (96.2%), pia mater (26.9%) and the brain cortex (96.2%). Orthogonal distance measuring was possible. The SAS showed a mean depth of 570 µm frontotemporal. The ABCM showed a mean depth of 74 µm frontotemporal. These results indicate that OCT provides a dynamic, non-invasive tool for real-time imaging of the SAS and adjacent anatomical structures at micrometer spatial resolution. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the value of OCT during microsurgical procedures.
Anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasty utilizing a single implant system with a platform stem: A prospective observational study with midterm follow-up
Authors: Flynn Lindsay , Patrick Matthew R , Roche Christopher , Zuckerman Joseph D , Flurin Pierre-Henri , Crosby Lynn , Friedman Richard , Wright Thomas W
Published: April 2019

Background

No studies compare outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with more than five-year follow-up.

Methods

A multicenter prospectively collected shoulder registry was utilized to review all patients undergoing primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty or primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with a minimum five-year follow-up utilizing a single platform stem implant system. One-hundred-ninety-one patients received an anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty and 139 patients received a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Patients were scored preoperatively and at latest follow-up using the simple shoulder test (SST), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), American shoulder and elbow surgeons (ASES), Constant, and shoulder pain and disability index (SADI) scores as well as range of motion. Radiographs were evaluated for implant loosening or notching. Complications were reviewed. A Student’s two-tailed, unpaired t-test identified differences in preoperative, postoperative, and pre-to-postoperative improvements.

Results

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients were significantly older than anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty patients. All patients demonstrated significant improvement in functional metric scores and range of motion following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. There was no difference in final outcome scores between anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients at midterm follow-up; however, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients demonstrated significantly less motion.

Discussion

We demonstrate equivalent outcomes with five scoring metrics at mean follow-up of 71.3 ± 14.1 months. Although postoperative scores were significantly greater than preoperative scores for both anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients, significant differences in outcome scores between cohorts were not observed.
Postoperative ischemic events in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting using algorithmic selection for embolic protection
Authors: Kawabata Yasuhiro , Nakajima Norio , Miyake Hidenori , Fukuda Shunichi , Tsukahara Tetsuya
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a valuable alternative to carotid endarterectomy, especially in high-risk patients. However, the reported incidences of perioperative stroke and death remain higher than for carotid endarterectomy, even when using embolic protection devices (EPDs) during CAS. Our purpose was to evaluate 30-day major adverse events after CAS when selecting the most appropriate EPD.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical outcomes of 61 patients with 64 lesions who underwent CAS with EPDs. Patients who underwent CAS associated with thrombectomy and who had a preoperative modified Rankin scale score >3 were excluded from the analysis. The EPD was selected based on symptoms, carotid wall magnetic resonance imaging and lesion length, and we analyzed combined 30-day complication rates (transient ischemic attack, minor stroke, major stroke or death).

Results

Forty-nine patients were men and 12 were women. The median age was 72 years (range: 59–89 years) and 44 lesions were asymptomatic. A filter-type EPD was selected in 23 procedures, distal-balloon protection in 14 procedures and proximal-occlusive protection in 27 procedures. Two patients (3.1%) experienced a transient ischemic attack and one patient (1.6%) had a minor stroke within 30 days of the procedure. No patients experienced procedure-related morbidities (modified Rankin score >2) or death.

Conclusions

The perioperative stoke rate was low when we selected a proximal-occlusive-type EPD in high-risk patients with vulnerable carotid artery disease. Our algorithm for EPD selection was an effective tool in the perioperative management of carotid artery stenosis.
Differential adhesion and fibrinolytic activity of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow, placenta, and Wharton’s jelly cultured in a fibrin hydrogel
Authors: Chaires-Rosas Casandra P , Ambriz Xóchitl , Montesinos Juan J , Hernández-Téllez Beatriz , Piñón-Zárate Gabriela , Herrera-Enríquez Miguel , Hernández-Estévez Érika , Ambrosio Javier R , Castell-Rodríguez Andrés
Published: April 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different tissues should share associated markers and the capability to differentiate to mesodermal lineages. However, their behavior varies in specific microenvironments. Herein, adhesion and fibrinolytic activity of mesenchymal stem cells from placenta, bone marrow, and Wharton’s jelly were evaluated in fibrin hydrogels prepared with nonpurified blood plasma and compared with two-dimensional cultures. Despite the source, mesenchymal stem cells adhered through focal adhesions positive for vinculin and integrin αV in two dimensions, while focal adhesions could not be detected in fibrin hydrogels. Moreover, some cells could not spread and stay rounded. The proportions of elongated and round phenotypes varied, with placenta mesenchymal stem cells having the lowest percentage of elongated cells (~10%). Mesenchymal stem cells degraded fibrin at distinct rates, and placenta mesenchymal stem cells had the strongest fibrinolytic activity, which was achieved principally through the plasminogen–plasmin axis. These findings might have clinical implications in tissue engineering and wound healing therapy.
The importance of return to work: How to achieve optimal reintegration in ACS patients
Authors: Reibis Rona , Salzwedel Annett , Abreu Ana , Corra Ugo , Davos Constantinos , Doehner Wolfram , Doherty Patrick , Frederix Ines , Hansen Dominique , Christine Iliou Marie , Vigorito Carlo , Völler Heinz ,   for the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
Published: April 2019

The vocational reintegration of patients after an acute coronary syndrome is a crucial step towards complete convalescence from the social as well as the individual point of view. Return to work rates are determined by medical parameters such as left ventricular function, residual ischaemia and heart rhythm stability, as well as by occupational requirement profile such as blue or white collar work, night shifts and the ability to commute (which is, in part, determined by physical fitness). Psychosocial factors including depression, self-perceived health situation and pre-existing cognitive impairment determine the reintegration rate to a significant extent. Patients at risk of poor vocational outcomes should be identified in the early period of rehabilitation to avoid a reintegration failure and to prevent socio-professional exclusion with adverse psychological and financial consequences. A comprehensive healthcare pathway of acute coronary syndrome patients is initiated by cardiac rehabilitation, which includes specific algorithms and assessment tools for risk stratification and occupational restitution. As the first in its kind, this review addresses determinants and legal aspects of reintegration of patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome, and offers practical advice on reintegration strategies particularly for vulnerable patients. It presents different approaches and scientific findings in the European countries and serves as a recommendation for action.
Endothelial dysfunction and heart failure: A review of the existing bibliography with emphasis on flow mediated dilation
Authors: Giannitsi Sofia , Maria Bougiakli , Bechlioulis Aris , Naka Katerina
Published: April 2019

Heart failure affects 1–2% of the population worldwide, and it is characterized by episodes of decompensation often requiring hospitalization. Although targeted treatment has reduced the prevalence of rehospitalizations to 30–50%, mortality rates remain high. A complex blend of structural and functional alterations accounts for the genesis and progression of heart failure, but the exact underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. The aim of this review is to summarize endothelial dysfunction and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure. Moreover, it sums up all the appropriate methods of assessing endothelial dysfunction emphasizing on flow-mediated dilation and introduces endothelium as a potential target for new therapeutic development and research in the wide spectrum of the syndrome called heart failure.
Offers of Opportunity: Function-Added Bible Translation and Language Promotion
Authors: Maust Andrew
Published: April 2019

Bible translation presents local-language communities not only with “offers of information” but opportunities to promote the target language through adoption of advances in the fields of translation studies, exegesis, and biblical studies. Drawing on skopos theory, this paper encourages communities to include within their translation brief the explicit goal of taking advantage of such opportunities to the end that translators are freed up to transcend the exegetical and translational choices imposed by a language of wider communication. In so doing, the local language will add additional functions as well as intrinsic and extrinsic value to the target text. Finally, potential objections to such an approach are forestalled by addressing sociolinguistic factors with which translating communities will have to come to terms.