bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Design of an Optimal Fuzzy Logic Two Degrees of Freedom-Proportional Integral Derivative Controller for a Two-Area Power System Using the Bee Algorithm
Authors: Audomsi Sitthisak , Wattana Supannika , Uthathip Narongkorn , Sa-ngiamvibool Worawat
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a fuzzy logic-based two-degree-of-freedom PID (FL2DOF-PID) controller that is optimized using the Bee Algorithm (BA) to control the load frequency in a two-area linked power system that has both reheat thermal power plants and hydro power plants. To test how well it works, MATLAB/Simulink simulations compared it with PID, 2DOF-PID and fuzzy PID controllers, looking at overshoot, undershoot, settling time, steady-state error and the integral of absolute error (IAE). The results showed that FL2DOF-PID had the lowest RMSE (0.0054, 0.0089) and MAE (0.0041, 0.0065), as well as the smallest IAE (0.1308) and the smallest overshoot (69.3% less). It also had the fastest settling time (5.1528 s) and the smallest IAE (0.1338 less). These results showed that it works to reduce frequency changes, improve power flow stability and make the whole system more reliable under changing conditions.
Incubating Pallet Wood Samples Does Not Enhance Detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Inácio Maria L. , Barata Joana , Ramos Ana Paula , Fundurulic Ana , Pires David , Bonifácio Luís
Published: February 2025

Among the most concerning threats impacting global forest ecosystems is the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934) Nickle, 1970), the causal agent of pine wilt disease. In Europe, effective management of this pest requires comprehensive regulatory and monitoring strategies, including the annual collection of thousands of wood samples from symptomatic trees and their surroundings, inspection of wood packaging materials like pallets, and the trapping of the insect vector, Monochamus spp., through national networks. Insects and wood samples are sent to official laboratories, where the latter are sometimes incubated at 25 °C for 15 days, aiming to maximize the probability of the detection of the nematode. This study expected to elucidate the effect of the wood incubation process on the detection of B. xylophilus by analyzing wood samples from pallets and green wood obtained from pine stands, both harbouring nematodes in adult and juvenile stages. Additionally, the investigation sought to assess how the presence of fungi, which serve as a food source for the nematodes, enables B. xylophilus to persist in treated pallet wood that is colonized by these fungi. The results indicated that the incubation period is unnecessary for detecting B. xylophilus in pallets, except when the wood is heavily colonized by fungi providing suitable nutrition for the nematodes, although such occurrences are expected to be rare. Furthermore, this study found no significant differences in population growth between the two stages of the nematode’s life cycle. This suggests that second-stage juveniles present in wood samples, despite not undergoing sexual differentiation, do not hinder the reproductive capacity of B. xylophilus. The risk of a potential infestation in treated pallet wood is unlikely if the treatment has been performed correctly, and the incubation does not contribute to increasing the probability of detecting the PWN. Conversely, for samples obtained from trees, the incubation period significantly enhances nematode detection.
Adapting Sensory Analysis to the Pandemic Era: Exploring “Remote Home Tasting” of Sous-Vide Chicken Breast for Research Continuity
Authors: Masino Francesca , Montevecchi Giuseppe , Antonelli Andrea , Fiego Domenico Pietro Lo , Fava Patrizia , Foligni Roberta , Pulvirenti Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background: The pandemic and lockdown caused a slowdown or halt in many work activities across sectors, including academic research, which had to adapt lab procedures to lockdown restrictions. This study aimed to assess an innovative approach to sensory analysis that aligned with the pandemic’s constraints and could enhance traditional methods even in normal conditions. Methods: Remote training of judges was conducted to test the method’s effectiveness. Sensory evaluation of sous-vide chicken breast fillets was conducted at different temperatures (60, 70, 80 °C) and time combinations (60, 90, 120, 150 min), compared to a control (boiled at 100 °C for 60 min). Judges tasted 6 out of 13 randomized samples, recording intensities on a cloud-based sensory card. Results: Judges demonstrated good repeatability and panel homogeneity (RSD ≤ 30%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in olfactory and flavor characteristics were noted among samples. Higher-temperature samples had stronger boiled meat and chicken flavors, and sous-vide samples showed greater juiciness, especially LT2 and LT3. Conclusions: The remote home-tasting approach proved effective in distinguishing key differences in meat characteristics based on cooking conditions. This method’s reliability and adaptability make it a promising alternative to lab-based sensory evaluation, ensuring research continuity in restrictive conditions and broadening potential for decentralized studies.
Nutraceutical Potential and Food Safety of Fructose in Soda and Diet Beverages
Authors: Mateo-Fernández Marcos , Alves-Martínez Pilar , Del Río-Celestino Mercedes , Font Rafael , Merinas-Amo Tania , Alonso-Moraga Ángeles
Published: February 2025

Fructose has been considered as an additive from soda beverages. For the approval of new additives or to extend the usage of an approved one, it is necessary to conduct toxicological studies in order to evaluate the DNA damage induced by these compounds. Our study is based on evaluating the safety and the nutraceutical potential of Fructose (FRU), a soda cola beverage (Pepsi-cola, PEP), and a diet soda cola (Diet Coke, DCC), characterizing the DNA changes induced in the Drosophila melanogaster organism model and in the human leukemia HL-60 cells performing different assays. Our results showed neither the toxicity nor mutagenic activity of FRU, PEP, and DCC in Drosophila melanogaster, while only PEP exhibited protective effects in the antitoxity assay, showing an 80% survival rate in combined treatments. FRU, but not PEP, enhanced lifespan parameters by up to 23 more days at the 5 mg/mL concentration. All three substances exhibited chemopreventive properties in some of the checkpoints carried out related to clastogenicity and methylation patterns in HL-60 cells. In conclusion, the tested compounds were safe at tested concentrations in Drosophila and showed moderate chemopreventive activity.
Use of Emerging Technologies and Non-Saccharomyces spp. for Tailoring the Composition of Yeast Derivatives: Effect on White Wine Aging
Authors: Voce Sabrina , Bortolini Anna , Tat Lara , Natolino Andrea , Comuzzo Piergiorgio
Published: February 2025

Yeast derivatives are additives commonly used in winemaking for different purposes. Their manufacturing process is not well standardized, being mostly based on thermal inactivation and enzyme-induced lysis; furthermore, the main strain currently authorized for their production belongs to Saccharomyces spp. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii were used as starting microorganisms, whereas ultrasounds and high hydrostatic pressure were performed to induce autolysis, with the aim to evaluate the possibility to use different strains and emerging technologies as alternatives to the traditional methods to produce yeast derivatives. The chemical composition of the products obtained as well as the volatile profile of wines aged on yeast derivatives were mostly affected by the treatments performed during the manufacturing process. T. delbrueckii showed a good aptitude as starting microorganism for producing derivatives, whereas emerging, non-thermal technologies could replace the traditional methods for inducing autolysis, allowing to obtain products with enhanced content of polysaccharides (up to 178 mg/g) and antioxidant compounds (up to 9 µmol/g), and with low odor impact. The possibility to manage the chemical composition of yeast derivatives for specific winemaking purposes may thus be possible, by using specific starting microorganism and by applying the most suitable treatment to induce autolysis.
Evaluating Autonomous Vehicle Safety Countermeasures in Freeways Under Sun Glare
Authors: Esmaeeli Hamed , Mazaheri Arash , Mohammadi Ghohaki Tahoura , Alecsandru Ciprian
Published: February 2025

The use of traffic simulation to analyze traffic safety and performance has become common in transportation engineering. Microsimulation methods are increasingly used to analyze driving performance for different road geometries and environmental elements. Drivers’ perception has an important impact on driving performance factors contributing to traffic safety on transportation facilities (highways, arterials, intersections, etc.). Impaired vision leads to failure in drivers’ perception and making right decisions. Various studies investigated the impact of environmental elements (fog, rain, snow, etc.) on driving performance. However, there is limited research examining the potentially detrimental effects on driving capabilities due to differing exposure to natural light brightness, in particular sun exposure. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) showed a significant impact enhancing traffic capacity and improving safety margins in car-following models. AVs may also enhance and/or complement human driving under deteriorated driving conditions such as sun glare. This study uses a calibrated traffic simulation and surrogate safety assessment model to improve traffic operations and safety performance under impaired visibility using different types of autonomous vehicles. A combination of visibility reduction, traffic flow characteristics, and autonomy levels of AVs was simulated and assessed in terms of the number of conflicts, severity level, and traffic operations. The simulation analysis results used to reveal the contribution of conflicts to the risk of crashes varied based on the influence of autonomy level on safe driving during sun glare exposure. The outcome of this study indicates the benefits of using different levels of AVs as a solution to driving under vision impairment situations that researchers, traffic engineers, and policy makers can use to enhance traffic operation and road safety in urban areas.
Engaging Health and Aged Care Workers in Rural and Remote Australia Around Factors Impacting Their Access to and Participation in Dementia Training
Authors: Thompson Sandra C. , Valentine Jessica , Gusterson Kira , Fyfe Katrina P. , Beilby Alex , Woods John A. , Clarkson Fletcher Myles , Dettwiller Pascale , Fitzgerald Kathryn W.
Published: February 2025

Objective: To better understand barriers and enablers to uptake of dementia training in rural and remote areas using input from rural and remote aged and health care workers into how dementia training could be offered to better meet their needs. Methods: Roundtable focus groups were conducted in six diverse rural and remote locations in four jurisdictions around Australia. Sixty-seven workers from predominantly nursing, allied health, and support worker roles involved in dementia care participated. Data were collected by site and used a mixture of face-to-face and virtual facilitated ‘roundtable’ discussions. Each group discussed barriers and enablers to participation in training and their preferences for how dementia training should be provided. Results: Commonalities emerged in barriers for accessing dementia training. Participants emphasised the need for strong organisational support and locally relevant, interactive and flexible delivery methods to address rural challenges. Significant challenges related to staffing levels, time constraints, and competing priorities. Enablers of training uptake included support from employers covering time and costs of training, local collaboration, and training accessibility for all job roles rather than profession specific. Participants emphasised the importance of practical, local training relevant to their scope of practice delivered by experienced trainers. The need for culturally safe aged care practices was noted in all sites. Discussion and Conclusions: Collaborative approaches across organisations and the aged care workforce and training relevant to local rural contexts were favoured. The opportunity to learn from external experts was greatly appreciated. Workers want training that enhances culturally safe practices. Organisational support is critical for training implementation.
Modern Smart Gadgets and Wearables for Diagnosis and Management of Stress, Wellness, and Anxiety: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jolly Aman , Pandey Vikas , Sahni Manoj , Leon-Castro Ernesto , Perez-Arellano Luis A.
Published: February 2025

The increasing development of gadgets to evaluate stress, wellness, and anxiety has garnered significant attention in recent years. These technological advancements aim to expedite the identification and subsequent treatment of these prevalent conditions. This study endeavors to critically examine the latest smart gadgets and portable techniques utilized for diagnosing depression, stress, and emotional trauma while also exploring the underlying biochemical processes associated with their identification. Integrating various detectors within smartphones and smart bands enables continuous monitoring and recording of user activities. Given their widespread use, smartphones, smartwatches, and smart wristbands have become indispensable in our daily lives, prompting the exploration of their potential in stress detection and prevention. When individuals experience stress, their nervous system responds by releasing stress hormones, which can be easily identified and quantified by smartphones and smart bands. The study in this paper focused on the examination of anxiety and stress and consistently employed “heart rate variability” (HRV) characteristics for diagnostic purposes, with superior outcomes observed when HRV was combined with “electroencephalogram” (EEG) analysis. Recent research indicates that electrodermal activity (EDA) demonstrates remarkable precision in identifying anxiety. Comparisons with HRV, EDA, and breathing rate reveal that the mean heart rate employed by several commercial wearable products is less accurate in identifying anxiety and stress. This comprehensive review article provides an evidence-based evaluation of intelligent gadgets and wearable sensors, highlighting their potential to accurately assess stress, wellness, and anxiety. It also identifies areas for further research and development.
Racial Disparities in Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Completion: Trends and Changes from 2004 to 2024
Authors: Wright Monica F.
Published: February 2025

Racial disparities have been found in outpatient substance use disorder (SUD) treatment completion rates. Improvements in access to treatment have sought to decrease these disparities and increase treatment engagement and success. To understand outcomes among different racial groups across time, we assessed (1) completion rates, (2) racial representation among patients who have completed treatment, (3) general representation of racial groups within treatment, and (4) treatment length between 2004 and 2024. “Completion” is defined as “meeting all treatment goals”. Chi-squared analyses suggest significant differences among racial groups within the completed (x215=158.0, p=<0.001), not-completed (x215=561.75, p=<0.001), and other (x215=186.19, p=<0.001) groups across time. Asian and Other/Multiracial patients experienced the greatest improvement in both representation within treatment overall and proportional representation within the “completer” group over time, despite their overall completion rates fluctuating. White and Black/African American patients decreased in representation, completion rates, and representation in the “completer” group over time, with a peak in 2004–2009. In terms of length of stay, White patients remained in treatment the longest across time, F(5, 4198) = 24.605, p < 0.011, and treatment length increased for other racial groups. While disparities in completion rates decreased and racial representation in treatment increased, discrepancies persist. We discuss these findings within the context of evolving patient populations and changes in treatment provision (e.g., harm reduction frameworks).
A Multi-Scale Hybrid Scene Geometric Similarity Measurement Method Using Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network
Authors: Gong Chongya , Ai Tinghua , Chen Shiyu , Xiao Tianyuan , Yu Huafei
Published: February 2025

Geographic features in maps consist of a mixture of points, polylines, and polygons, generally including POIs, roads, buildings, and other geographic features. Due to the differing dimensionality of these various types of geographic data, traditional geometric similarity measurement methods that rely on a single type of feature are not applicable to mixed scenes. The traditional solution to this issue is to treat points as projections of polylines and polylines as projections of polygons. Through neural networks, projection matrices can be learned to convert points, polylines, and polygons into the same type of object, thereby enabling the use of single-scene geometric measurement methods (e.g., Graph Neural Networks) to solve the problem. However, the key challenge in using Graph Neural Networks for similarity measurement is learning the adjacency relationships between geometric features. It is evident that the adjacency relationships between different feature pairs, such as polyline–polygon, polyline–polyline, and polygon–polygon, require different approaches for measurement, and these diverse relationships cannot be captured by a simple GNN. Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) are suited to address this problem: different adjacency relationships between feature pairs can be learned using distinct embedded networks, the new node characteristics can be calculated through the information aggregation and propagation framework of HGNNs, and these new characteristics can be used for geometric similarity measurement. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through practical experiments.
Immunogenic Cell Death Inducers in Cancer Immunotherapy to Turn Cold Tumors into Hot Tumors
Authors: Lucarini Valeria , Melaiu Ombretta , Gragera Paula , Król Kamila , Scaldaferri Valentina , Damiani Verena , De Ninno Adele , Nardozi Daniela , Businaro Luca , Masuelli Laura , Bei Roberto , Cifaldi Loredana , Fruci Doriana
Published: February 2025

The combination of chemotherapeutic agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, its success is often limited by insufficient immune priming in certain tumors, including pediatric malignancies. In this report, we explore clinical trials currently investigating the use of immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing chemotherapies in combination with ICIs for both adult and pediatric cancers. Given the limited clinical data available for pediatric tumors, we focused on recent preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of these combinations in neuroblastoma (NB). Finally, to address this gap, we propose an innovative strategy to assess the impact of ICD-inducing chemotherapies on antitumor immune responses in NB. Using tumor spheroids derived from a transgenic NB mouse model, we validated our previous in vivo findings concerning how anthracyclines, specifically mitoxantrone and doxorubicin, significantly enhance MHC class I surface expression, stimulate IFNγ and granzyme B production by CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and promote immune cell recruitment. Importantly, these anthracyclines also upregulated PD-L1 expression on NB spheroids. This screening platform yielded results similar to in vivo findings, demonstrating that mitoxantrone and doxorubicin are the most potent immunomodulatory agents for NB. These data suggest that the creation of libraries of ICD inducers to be tested on tumor spheroids could reduce the number of combinations to be tested in vivo, in line with the principles of the 3Rs. Furthermore, these results highlight the potential of chemo-immunotherapy regimens to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in NB, paving the way for improved therapeutic strategies in pediatric cancers. They provide compelling evidence to support further clinical investigations of these combinations to enhance outcomes for children with malignancies.
GDAP1 Is Dysregulated at DNA Methylation and H3K4me3 Levels in Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Kawecka Emilia , Plättner Henning , Ederer Lena , Niemann Kilian , Pasche Sarah , Zimmermann Milan , Edelmann Susanne , Nieratschker Vanessa
Published: February 2025

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. The susceptibility for AUD is mediated through an interaction of genetic risk factors and environmental influences. These gene × environment (G × E) interactions manifest as epigenetic regulations of gene expression, among other things. Previous research suggests an association between Ganglioside Induced Differentiation Associated Protein 1 (GDAP1) DNA methylation and AUD. Here, we investigate the epigenetic dysregulation of GDAP1 in AUD through comparing DNA methylation in whole blood and saliva, as well as H3K4-trimethylation (H3K4me3) in PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell) samples of AUD patients and healthy control individuals. Additionally, the effect of abstinence-based therapy was investigated. AUD patients before treatment exhibit significantly lower promoter DNA methylation levels in whole blood and saliva, as well as lower H3K4me3 near the transcription start site. GDAP1 gene expression was not significantly altered. Following treatment, H3K4me3 was significantly increased in patients and no longer differed from control individuals. There was no significant effect of treatment on DNA methylation. We conclude that GDAP1 is epigenetically dysregulated in AUD patients, and is responsive to abstinence-based therapy at the level of H3K4me3. It should be investigated further to establish its potential as a diagnostic biomarker.
Convolutional Neural Network Applications in Current Sensor Fault Classification Mechanisms in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems
Authors: Jankowska Kamila , Dybkowski Mateusz
Published: February 2025

In this article, the possibilities of Convolutional Neural Network applications to classify stator current sensor faults in a vector-controlled drive with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor are described. It was assumed that three basic faults, consisting of signal loss from the current sensor, measurement noise, and gain error, can be effectively classified by the Convolutional Neural Networks. This work presents the results obtained in experimental research on a 0.894-kilowatt Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. Fault classification is based on raw phase current signals transformed into matrices. Classification is carried out using two neural structures operating in parallel for phases A and B. This article includes a description of the process of selecting input matrices, developing classifiers, and the experimental results in offline classification obtained at the efficiency level of 99.2% and 98.3% for phases A and B, respectively. This research was carried out for various operating conditions of the drive system.
Mitigating Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Complications: Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Anakinra in an Experimental Study
Authors: Kılıç Güven , Engin Berk Enes , Halabi Amir , Tuncer Cengiz , Sungur Mehmet Ali , Alpay Merve , Kurtuluş Adem , Soylu Hakan , Gök Ali , Polat Ömer
Published: February 2025

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe neurological condition with high mortality and morbidity rates, often exacerbated by secondary complications such as inflammation, cerebral vasospasm, and apoptosis. Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), play critical roles in these pathological processes. Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anakinra in mitigating inflammation, vasospasm, and apoptosis in an experimental rat model of SAH. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control (healthy), SAH (no treatment), Saline (0.2 mL saline subcutaneously), and Anakinra (50 mg/kg subcutaneously, twice daily). Proinflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and fibrinogen) were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 3, 7, and 10 days post-SAH. Basilar artery diameter was evaluated histopathologically, and Caspase-3 expression was assessed immunohistochemically to determine apoptotic activity. Results: SAH significantly increased levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and fibrinogen in both serum and CSF, reduced basilar artery diameter, and elevated Caspase-3 expression compared to the Control group. Saline treatment provided limited improvements, with inflammatory markers and histopathological parameters remaining elevated. Anakinra treatment significantly reduced inflammatory markers, restored basilar artery diameter, and lowered Caspase-3 expression, highlighting its efficacy in mitigating inflammation, vasospasm, and apoptosis. Conclusions: Anakinra effectively suppresses inflammation, alleviates cerebral vasospasm, and inhibits apoptosis in an experimental model of SAH. These findings suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing SAH and its complications. Further research is needed to explore its clinical applicability and long-term effects.
Use of Primary Prophylaxis with G-CSF in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Intensive Chemotherapy Does Not Affect Quality of Response
Authors: Mezzanotte Valeria , Paterno Giovangiacinto , Cerroni Ilaria , De Marchi Lucrezia , Taka Kristian , Buzzatti Elisa , Mallegni Flavia , Meddi Elisa , Moretti Federico , Buccisano Francesco , Maurillo Luca , Palmieri Raffaele , Gurnari Carmelo , Venditti Adriano , Del Principe Maria Ilaria
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The objective of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as primary prophylaxis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 112 AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy at Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata in Rome between January 2014 and March 2024. Patients were divided into G-CSF and non-G-CSF (nG-CSF) groups. We assessed the incidence of neutropenia, its severity and duration; duration of hospitalization and its costs; incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and septic shock; duration of antibiotic therapy (ABT) and antifungal therapy (AFT); complete remission (CR) rates; measurable residual disease (MRD) status; relapse rates; and outcomes. Results: G-CSF administration significantly reduced the duration of neutropenia (median 14 vs. 18 days, p < 0.05) and length of hospitalization (median 28 vs. 35 days, p < 0.05), in both induction and consolidation therapy. There were no significant differences in CR rates (73% vs. 67%, p = 0.64), MRD negativity achievement (52% vs. 48%, p = 0.68), leukemia relapse rates (43% vs. 62%, p = 0.14), or overall survival (OS) (median 16.7 vs. 12.3 months, p = 0.3) between G-CSF and nG-CSF groups. Thanks to a shorter hospitalization, the use of G-CSF led to €300,000 in savings over the last 4 years. Conclusions: Our findings support the safety of G-CSF in AML patients, demonstrating no adverse impact on treatment response. G-CSF abbreviated the duration of neutropenia and hospitalization, highlighting its potential clinical and cost-effective role in AML treatment.
Serum Creatinine Level in Relation to Intraluminal Thrombus and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Size
Authors: Holm Louise Røtzler , Eiberg Jonas Peter , Ghulam Qasam M. , Zielinski Alexander Hakon , Skov Rebecca Andrea Conradsen ,   on behalf of the COACH Research Collaborative
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter is the primary predictor of AAA rupture. However, smaller aneurysms do rupture, and other parameters are required for a more nuanced risk stratification. Reduced renal function is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and thrombosis, but the impact of renal function on ILT and AAA size remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between creatinine level and volume of ILT and AAA. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 184 patients with AAA under ultrasound surveillance were included. ILT volume and thickness, and AAA volume and diameter, were measured using three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound. ILT and AAA measures were compared with creatinine levels. Results: No associations were found between creatinine level and ILT or AAA volume (p = 0.18 and p = 0.41). There were no differences in ILT volume between patients with normal and elevated creatinine levels, when adjusting for AAA size and comorbidities (p = 0.06 and p = 0.54). A positive association was found between ILT volume and AAA volume (p < 0.001). Creatinine level did not influence this association (p = 0.06). Conclusions: In this study, creatinine level did not seem associated with ILT or AAA volume. Longitudinal studies are required to elucidate associations between renal function, clinical outcomes, and ILT and AAA development.
Could Renal Vascular Variations Be Associated with Resistant Hypertension? A Single-Center Study
Authors: Naydenov Stefan , Jekova Margarita , Manov Emil , Runev Nikolay
Published: February 2025

Background: Anatomical variations in renal vessels are common in humans. However, the clinical significance of these congenital vascular abnormalities remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of renal vascular variants in patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) and their association with the development of resistant HTN. Methods: We screened 3762 consecutive hypertensive patients hospitalized in our clinic and identified 128 (3.4%) with resistant HTN. These patients were matched with 128 hospitalized patients with controlled HTN. All participants underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging of the kidneys, including renovasography. Results: Anatomical renal vascular variations were identified in 64 (25%) of the 256 participants: 49 (38.3%) of the 128 patients with resistant HTN and 15 (11.7%) of the 128 patients with controlled HTN (p < 0.001). Among patients with renal vascular abnormalities, 76.6% had resistant HTN, while 23.4% had controlled HTN (p < 0.001). A regression analysis demonstrated a strong association between the presence of renal vascular variants and the development of resistant HTN, with an odds ratio of 4.67. Conclusions: Anatomical renal vascular variations were found to be common among hypertensive patients in this study and were strongly associated with the development of treatment-resistant HTN.
The Influence of Voltage Gradient Application History on Electro-Osmotic Reinforcement of Marine Soft Clay
Authors: Sun Zhaohua , Qing Yuxing , Zhang Jianming , Mediamartha Bintang Mas
Published: February 2025

The electric potential gradient is a key factor in electroosmotically reinforcing soft clay. Its application history induces a series of physical and chemical reactions within the soil, influencing the selection of the gradient in the subsequent stage. To gain a deeper understanding of this complex process and its inherent mechanism, electroosmotic reinforcement tests on soft clay were conducted under varying electric voltage gradients. The changes in parameters, including current, drainage volume, shear strength, and water content within the soil, under different application histories of the voltage gradients, were measured. The experimental results demonstrate that the magnitude of the voltage adopted in previous historical stages had a significant impact on the current drainage situation as well as the enhancement of shear strength. During the studied historical period, a relatively high voltage gradient was applied until soil drainage stopped. However, at present, it has become extremely challenging to substantially increase the drainage volume regardless of whether the electrification voltage gradient remains stable, rises, or falls, even when the current does not drop too low. For soil with a high activity index, under an appropriate voltage, the input electrical energy can be more efficiently converted into various physical and chemical processes that enhance soil reinforcement. Regardless of the voltage gradient level adopted, the application of a low voltage gradient in the historical stage exerts a more beneficial influence on the current stage than a high voltage gradient. During the electroosmosis process, efforts should be made to maximize the drainage duration as it facilitates the promotion of the chemical reinforcement effect and reduces energy consumption.
Understanding the Influence of Personalized Recommendation on Purchase Intentions from a Self-Determination Perspective: Contingent upon Product Categories
Authors: Zhao Li , Fu Bing , Bai Sha
Published: February 2025

While consumers experience shopping convenience through personalized recommendations, they are increasingly concerned about their consumption behavior being manipulated, leading to psychological resistance towards personalized recommendations. As such, research on how personalized recommendation services influence consumers’ perceptions of self-determination (which further influences their intentions to purchase) is called for. To address the gap, this current research adopts a self-determination perspective to investigate how the three basic psychological needs of self-determination (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) mediate the relationship between personalized recommendations and consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, this research examines whether the influence of personalized recommendations on consumers’ perceptions of self-determination is contingent upon product categories. The results of a hypothetical scenario experiments study demonstrate that competence and relatedness are critical mediators between recommendation novelty and purchase intention. The results also reveal that the impact of recommendation diversity on autonomy is contingent upon product categories, while the influence of recommendation novelty on relatedness is also contingent on product categories. This study contributes to the literature on personalized recommendations by providing an underlying mechanism for the influence of personalized recommendations on consumers’ purchase intention from the self-determination perspective, and especially by unravelling how the influence of personalized recommendations on consumers’ perceptions of self-determination is contingent upon product categories.
Optimization of Low-Density Hydroceramic Systems for Long-Term Stability at High Temperatures
Authors: Wang Chuangchuang , Pang Xueyu , Xia Xiujian , Yu Yongjin , Lv Kaihe , Sun Jinsheng
Published: February 2025

In this study, various raw materials, including silica sand, silica fume, calcium hydroxide, α-alumina, and nano-activated alumina, were used to produce hydroceramic systems with varying Ca/Si/Al ratios to optimize their high-temperature resistance. The hydroceramic slurries, with a constant density of 1.65 g/cm3, were all designed to have a setting time of more than 4 h at the condition of 240 °C and 50 MPa and then cured at the same condition for 2, 30, and 90 days to evaluate their long-term performances. Subsequently, compressive strength, water permeability, mercury intrusion porosimetry, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction tests were conducted on set samples at various curing times to analyze the hydroceramic systems’ long-term stability and the underlying mechanism. The results indicated that the hydration reaction of α-Al2O3 was minimal, and its inclusion reduced the incorporation of silica sand in the hydration process. Nano-activated alumina improved the macroscopic properties of the hydroceramic systems and promoted the formation of a significant amount of tobermorite 11 Å. The addition of silica fume can enhance the system’s macroscopic properties and the long-term stability, promoting the reaction of silica sand. The long-term stability of slurries with a Ca/Si ratio of 1 was significantly better than that of slurries with a Ca/Si ratio of 0.5. The best-performing slurry can maintain a compressive strength of more than 19 MPa after being cured at 240 °C for 90 days.
Studying the Dynamics Response of Viscoelastic Orthotropic Plates Based on Fractional-Order Derivatives and Shifted Legendre Polynomials
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Liu Qiumei , Chen Yiming , Cui Yuhuan , Qu Jingguo , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

This paper primarily investigates the dynamics response of viscoelastic orthotropic plates under a fractional-order derivative model, which is efficiently simulated numerically using the FKV (Fractional Kelvin–Voigt) model and the shifted Legendre polynomial algorithm. By establishing the fractional-order governing equation and directly solving it in the time domain using a shifted Legendre polynomial, the approach achieves low error and high accuracy. The analysis shows that the load, plate thickness, and creep time all affect the plate displacement, and the fractional-order model outperforms the integer-order model to better capture the dynamics response of the material.
Inverse Kinematics Optimization for Redundant Manipulators Using Motion-Level Factor
Authors: Liang Zhuo , Quan Pengkun , Di Shichun , Huang Zhiming
Published: February 2025

Redundant manipulators (RMs) are widely used in various fields due to their flexibility and versatility, but challenges remain in adjusting their inverse kinematics (IK) solutions. Adjustable IK solutions are crucial as they not only avoid joint limits but also enable the manipulability of the manipulator to be regulated. To address this issue, this paper proposes an IK optimization method. First, a performance metric for adjustable IK solutions is developed by introducing the motion-level factor. By setting the desired joint motion level, the IK solutions can be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, a two-stage optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain the adjustable IK solutions. In the first stage, a modified gradient projection method is used to optimize the performance metric, generating a set of initial optimal solutions. However, cumulative errors may arise during this stage. To counteract this, the forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics algorithm is employed in the second stage to enhance the accuracy of the initial solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments using a planar cable-driven redundant manipulator. The results demonstrate that the IK solutions can be adjusted by modifying the motion-level factors. The proposed two-stage optimization algorithm integrates the advantages of the gradient projection method and the forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics algorithm, yielding a set of accurate and optimal IK solutions. Furthermore, the adjustable IK solutions facilitate the regulation of the RM’s manipulability, enhancing its adaptability and flexibility.
Two-Dimensional Probability Models for the Weighted Discretized Fréchet–Weibull Random Variable with Min–Max Operators: Mathematical Theory and Statistical Goodness-of-Fit Analysis
Authors: Obeidat Sofian T. , Das Diksha , Eliwa Mohamed S. , Das Bhanita , Hazarika Partha Jyoti , Mohammed Wael W.
Published: February 2025

This study introduces two bivariate extensions of the recently proposed weighted discretized Fréchet–Weibull distribution, termed as bivariate weighted discretized Fréchet–Weibull (BWDFW) distributions. These models are specifically designed for analyzing two-dimensional discrete datasets and are developed using two distinct structural approaches: the minimum operator (BWDFW-I) and the maximum operator (BWDFW-II). A rigorous mathematical formulation is presented, encompassing the joint cumulative distribution function, joint probability mass function, and joint (reversed) hazard rate function. The dependence structure of the models is investigated, demonstrating their capability to capture positive quadrant dependence. Additionally, key statistical measures, including covariance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rho, and Kendall’s tau, are derived using the joint probability-generating function. For robust statistical inferences, the parameters of the proposed models are estimated via the maximum likelihood estimation method, with extensive simulation studies conducted to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the estimators. The practical applicability of the BWDFW distributions is demonstrated through their implementation in two real-world datasets: one from the aviation sector and the other from the security and safety domain. Comparative analyses against four existing discrete bivariate Weibull extensions reveal the superior performance of the BWDFW models, with BWDFW-I (minimum operator based) exhibiting greater flexibility and predictive accuracy than BWDFW-II (maximum operator based). These findings underscore the potential of the BWDFW models as effective tools for modeling and analyzing bivariate discrete data in diverse applied contexts.
Output Feedback Optimal Control for Discrete-Time Singular Systems Driven by Stochastic Disturbances and Markov Chains
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Tianliang , Kong Xiangtong
Published: February 2025

This paper delves into the exploration of the indefinite linear quadratic optimal control (LQOC) problem for discrete-time stochastic singular systems driven by discrete-time Markov chains. Initially, the conversion of the indefinite LQOC problem mentioned above for stochastic singular systems into an equivalent problem of normal stochastic systems is executed through a sequence of transformations. Following this, the paper furnishes sufficient and necessary conditions for resolving the transformed LQOC problem with indefinite matrix parameters, alongside optimal control strategies ensuring system regularity and causality, thereby establishing the solvability of the optimal controller. Additionally, conditions are derived to verify the definiteness of the transformed LQOC problem and the uniqueness of solutions for the generalized Markov jumping algebraic Riccati equation (GMJARE). The study attains optimal controls and nonnegative cost values, guaranteeing system admissibility. The results of the finite horizon are extended to the infinite horizon. Furthermore, it introduces the design of an output feedback controller using the LMI method. Finally, a demonstrative example demonstrates the validity of the main findings.
On the Asymptotic Normality of the Method of Moments Estimators for the Birnbaum–Saunders Distribution with a New Parametrization
Authors: Busababodhin Piyapatr , Phoophiwfa Tossapol , Volodin Andrei , Suraphee Sujitta
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the asymptotic properties of method-of-moments estimators for the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution under a newly proposed parametrization. Theoretical derivations establish the asymptotic normality of these estimators, supported by explicit expressions for the mean vector and variance–covariance matrix. Simulation studies validate these results across various sample sizes and parameter values. A practical application is demonstrated through modeling cumulative rainfall data from northeastern Thailand, highlighting the distribution’s suitability for extreme weather prediction.
The Effects of Remimazolam and Inhalational Anesthetics on the Incidence of Postoperative Hyperactive Delirium in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Hip or Femur Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kim Jimin , Lee Sangseok , Yoo Byung Hoon , Lim Yun Hee , Jun In-Jung
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a transient but significant complication in geriatric patients following hip or femur surgery. POD occurs in 19–65% of patients after hip surgeries, with notable risks associated with augmented morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospitalization. The perioperative administration of benzodiazepines, particularly midazolam, is associated with an increased incidence of POD. Remimazolam, a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, has potential benefits, such as hemodynamic stability and ease of reversal, but its effect on POD occurrence remains unclear. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study investigated patients who were aged 65 years old and older who underwent hip or femur surgery. Following the application of exclusion criteria, 502 patients were grouped according to whether anesthesia was maintained with remimazolam (R group) or sevoflurane (S group). Data regarding patients’ baseline characteristics, anesthetic details, and postoperative outcomes, including the incidence of POD, were gathered and analyzed. Propensity score matching and logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with POD and compare outcomes between the two groups. Results: Among the 502 patients, POD was observed in 161 (32%). The POD incidence was not statistically significantly different between the groups (p = 1.000). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that remimazolam was not a determinant of POD (p = 0.860), whereas being male and polypharmacy were (p = 0.022; p = 0.047). Initial disparities in age and comorbid conditions between the groups were rectified through matching, demonstrating that remimazolam had a similar POD risk to sevoflurane. Conclusions: This study showed that remimazolam did not exacerbate the risk of POD in elderly patients undergoing hip or femur surgery. Remimazolam is a reliable anesthetic option for this vulnerable demographic. Also, this study’s results indicated that polypharmacy and being male are POD risk factors, suggesting that meticulous perioperative medication management may help alleviate the risk of POD.
Sarcoidosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Morimatsu Yoshitaka , Tahara Nobuhiro , Okamoto Masaki , Bekki Munehisa , Tahara Atsuko , Eto Yoshiko , Kugai Tadahiro , Koga Yuki , Maeda-Ogata Shoko , Honda Akihiro , Igata Sachiyo , Zaizen Yoshiaki , Tanoue Shuichi , Hoshino Tomoaki , Ishitake Tatsuya , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: February 2025

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology characterized by multisystem non-caseating granulomas. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-known complication of sarcoidosis and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The actual epidemiology of sarcoidosis-associated PH (SAPH) remains unknown, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. SAPH is classified under the miscellaneous category (group 5 of the PH classification). The clinical presentation of SAPH is variable and not always proportional to the severity of sarcoidosis. Appropriate management for SAPH by an experienced physician is important; however, no treatment algorithm for SAPH has been established. Lung transplantation should be considered in refractory cases. Pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific vasodilators targeting the endothelin pathway, nitric oxide pathway, and prostacyclin pathway have improved the clinical functions and hemodynamics in some patients with SAPH.