bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Researching English as a Language for International Development (ELFID) in Bangladesh and Beyond
Authors: Elizabeth J. Erling
Published: July 2024

My interest in the relationship between English language learning and economic development began in 2008 when, as part of my role as a lecturer in English language teaching and international education at the Open University, UK (OU), I started working on the large-scale English language teaching project in Bangladesh: English in Action (EIA).[1] This project, which was to run from 2008-2017, was funded with £50 million from the UK Department of International Development. It was devised in consultation with the Government of Bangladesh and implemented by BMB Mott MacDonald (now Cambridge Education), the Open University UK, BBC Media Action, FIVBD (Friends in Village Development Bangladesh) and UCEP (Underprivileged Children’s Educational Programs) Bangladesh. During the first phase of the project, I was a member of the team that the OU was leading, which was charged with enhancing English language learning through the professional development of teachers, through technology-based interventions in government primary and secondary schools. The OU also led the project research, monitoring and evaluation team, of which I was a member (for more on the project see Eyres, McCormick, & Power, 2018).
EIA was based on the assumption that an improvement in English language teaching in Bangladesh would result in the economic development of the country. The project slogan was “Changing learning, changing lives”[2] and its stated aims were to enable:
25 million Bangladeshi adults and school children to improve their English language skills that will help them access better economic and social opportunities. … English in Action is about equipping the poorest people with language skills that will help them find jobs, engage in entrepreneurial activities and improve their standard of living https://www.eiabd.com/about-eia.html (2018).
[1]https://www.eiabd.com/
[2]https://www.facebook.com/EnglishInActionBangladesh/
Synthesis,Green Chemistry Method Characterization of CuFe5O8 Nanocomposite and Assessment of Its Prostate Cancer-Preventive Effects
Authors: Jassim Heba.
Published: July 2024

In this work, CuFe5O8 nanoparticles were prepared to utilize Origanum vulgare leaf extract in a novel, simple, and inexpensive procedure that incorporated three techniques: co-precipitation, ultrasound, and green chemistry. The following methods were used to characterize the produced nanoparticles: XRD, FT-IR, EDX, SEM, and DLS. The average particle size measured in the XRD was 45.101 nm, but the average particle size in the SEM was 64.17 nm. The DLS had particles with an average size of 924.4 nm simultaneously. The efficacy of the synthesised CuFe5O8 nanoparticles was evaluated against that of the medication Flutamide, which is administered to treat prostate cancer in Iraq using the PC3 cell line. The results demonstrated the nanoparticles' outstanding efficacy and superiority over the medication. In addition, they were distinguished by their lack of cytotoxicity when measured against the drug's toxicity on red blood cells in the toxicity screening test. If the results indicated that the drug Flutamide had a cell killing value of 6.51, 10.55, 27.69, 32.48, and 52.53) at 24 hours, as well as for CuFe5O8, respectively, the cell killing results were 33.69, 38.53, 46.42, 56.11, and 69.59)% as well value IC50 = 88.46.
Severe lower respiratory tract infections are associated with human adenovirus in hospitalised children in a high HIV prevalence area
Authors: Marafungana N , Naidoo K L , Gounder L , Masekela R
Published: July 2024

Background. Viral causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are associated with increased mortality in children aged <5 years (U5). Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been associated with severe LRTI; however, its relationship with HIV and malnutrition in South Africa (SA) is not understood.Objectives. To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with HAdV LRTIs in hospitalised U5 childen.
Methods. Clinical and viral data on U5 children hospitalised with severe LRTI from January 2018 to June 2020 at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, SA, including results of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel assay for respiratory viruses, were retrieved from inpatient files and laboratory databases and retrospectively analysed. Standard descriptive statistics and Pearson’s χ2, Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine significant associations with HAdV LRTI.
Results. Among the 206 viral assays analysed (15.6% of all LRTI admissions), HAdV was the most common virus identified. The cohort had a median (interquartile range) age of 5 (2 - 13) months, 47.3% had perinatal HIV exposure, and 34.5% had severe acute malnutrition (SAM). No seasonal pattern with HAdV could be demonstrated. SAM and prematurity were significant risk factors for readmission, and perinatal HIV exposure was a significant risk factor for presence of multiple viruses on analysis of a respiratory specimen. Detection of HAdV was not associated with an increased risk of requiring oxygen or ventilatory support.
Conclusion. HAdV was the most common virus found on analysis of multiplex PCR panel results in children hospitalised with severe LRTI in SA, where high rates of HIV exposure may result in increased susceptibility to viral co-infections. The role of HAdV as a cause of severe LRTI in SA infants, who have high rates of HIV exposure, requires greater scrutiny.
Prospects for the development of educational computer games in the context of the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi
Authors: Khasieva Mariya Alanovna
Published: July 2024

The subject of the study concerns one of the most significant problems of computer gamification of education – the question of criteria for the development and evaluation of educational computer games, including optimization of their game mechanics, game structure and forms of integration of players into their space, taking into account their specifics, goals and main educational purpose. The concept of "game flow", which originated in the gaming industry under the influence of the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi, represents an original interpretation of the criteria of internal motivation of human activity and, as the goal of game design, assumes the achievement of the highest immersiveness of the game and the creation of space for the construction of meanings. The concept of game flow is widely used in modern trends in the development of educational games: the use of innovative game mechanics that complement and enrich the traditional and most common model of PBL gamification and allow achieving the greatest human involvement in the process of playing and learning is gaining great promise in them. The article uses a comprehensive methodological approach, including a descriptive method applied to various concepts of learning gamification and motivation theories, as well as a comparative and hermeneutic analysis of research on the development of educational computer games. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the correlation of the concept of game flow and the theory of the state of flow by M. Csikszentmihalyi with the main tasks of educational games and trends in their development. The conclusions of the article state that the development of virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies, 3D visualization, and the improvement of computer graphics open up new prospects for the use of computer games in education, including in the humanities. Despite the fact that the issue of determining the prospects for the development of computer learning games is solved in modern pedagogy by studying the mechanisms of formation of internal motivation and involvement in learning, the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi is of great interest in this sense. Optimization of the game mechanics of modern educational computer games is aimed at personalization, creating a space of free choice for the player and involves individual selection of the level of difficulty of tasks. These and other characteristics of game design can significantly improve the effectiveness of training.
Dynamic decoding and dual synthetic data for automatic correction of grammar in low-resource scenario
Authors: Musyafa Ahmad , Gao Ying , Solyman Aiman , Khan Siraj , Cai Wentian , Khan Muhammad Faizan
Published: July 2024

Grammar error correction systems are pivotal in the field of natural language processing (NLP), with a primary focus on identifying and correcting the grammatical integrity of written text. This is crucial for both language learning and formal communication. Recently, neural machine translation (NMT) has emerged as a promising approach in high demand. However, this approach faces significant challenges, particularly the scarcity of training data and the complexity of grammar error correction (GEC), especially for low-resource languages such as Indonesian. To address these challenges, we propose InSpelPoS, a confusion method that combines two synthetic data generation methods: the Inverted Spellchecker and Patterns+POS. Furthermore, we introduce an adapted seq2seq framework equipped with a dynamic decoding method and state-of-the-art Transformer-based neural language models to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of GEC. The dynamic decoding method is capable of navigating the complexities of GEC and correcting a wide range of errors, including contextual and grammatical errors. The proposed model leverages the contextual information of words and sentences to generate a corrected output. To assess the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we conducted experiments using synthetic data and compared its performance with existing GEC systems. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the accuracy of Indonesian GEC compared to existing methods.
The antioxidant effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on cryopreserved goat sperm from a proteomic perspective
Authors: Li Chunyan , Allai Larbi , Liang Jiachong , Lv Chunrong , Zhao Xiaoqi , Ni Xiaojun , Wu Guoquan , Deng Weidong , Badaoui Bouabid , Quan Guobo
Published: July 2024

At present, there are few reports about the proteomics changes provoked by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) supplementation on cryopreserved semen in mammals. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of BHT on goat sperm and to investigate the proteomics changes of adding BHT to cryopreserved goat (Capra hircus) sperm. Firstly, semen samples were collected from four goats, and frozen in the basic extenders containing different concentrations of BHT (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 2.0 mM) and a control without BHT, respectively. After thawing, the protective effects of dose-dependent replenished BHT to the freezing medium on post-thaw sperm motility, integrities of plasma membrane and acrosome, reactive oxygen species levels were confirmed, with 0.5 mM BHT being the best (B group) as compared to the control (without BHT, C group). Afterwards, TMT-based quantitative proteomic technique was performed to profile proteome of the goat sperm between C group and B group. Parallel reaction monitoring was used to confirm reliability of the data. Overall, 2,476 proteins were identified and quantified via this approach. Comparing the C and B groups directly (C vs. B), there were 17 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) po-tentially associated with sperm characteristics and functions were identified, wherein three were upregulated and 14 were downregulated, respectively. GO annotation analysis demonstrated the potential involvement of the identified DAPs in metabolic process, multi-organism process, reproduction, reproductive process, and cellular process. KEGG enrichment analysis further indicated their potential roles in renin-angiotensin system and glutathione metabolism pathways. Together, this novel study clearly shows that BHT can effectively improve quality parameters and fertility potential of post-thawed goat sperm at the optimal concentration, and its cryoprotection may be realized through regulation of sperm metabolism and antioxidative capability from the perspective of sperm proteomic modification.
The identity of Eucalyptus virgata Sieb. ex Spreng.
Authors: Bean Anthony R
Published: July 2024

Eucalyptus virgata was validly published in 1827, but the name has not been in common usage for several decades. Its identity has been uncertain because the type lacks mature flower buds and fruits, and there was no description provided for bark or habit. The current availability of numerous images of the type has allowed a careful examination of salient characters, and E. virgata is thought to be conspecific with E. oreades R.T.Baker, or possibly E. dendromorpha (Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell. Morphological comparisons are made with other related species that have been attributed to E. virgata over the years.
The Impact of Socio-demographic Variables on Maternal Healthcare Accessibility among Women of Reproductive Age in Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Akor Linus , Dajo Ugba , Anthony-Ekpe Helen
Published: July 2024

Nigeria's maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 814 per 100,000 live births starkly contrasts with developed countries, where the ratio is significantly lower at 1 in 4900. This places Nigerian women at a substantially higher risk, with a 1 in 22 chance of maternal death during pregnancy or childbirth. Access to quality maternal healthcare is severely hampered by various socio-demographic factors such as education, income, occupation, and geographical location. Zamfara State, in particular, ranks poorly on these indices, with the highest rates of out-of-school children and women lacking formal education, alongside a significant proportion of impoverished and vulnerable individuals. These socioeconomic challenges exacerbate barriers to maternal health services for women in Zamfara State. Addressing these underlying determinants is crucial for improving maternal health outcomes in the state. This study, focusing on women of reproductive age in Zamfara State, employed the Social Determinants of Health Theory to underscore that health outcomes are shaped by societal conditions and policies. The sample size of the study consisted of 382 respondents. Closed ended questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection. Data collected was analyzed quantitatively with aid of SPSS Version 20. Key findings emphasized that higher levels of education and income significantly enhance willingness and access to maternal healthcare services among women in Zamfara State. The study recommends enhancing healthcare infrastructure, improving transportation, and addressing security in high-risk areas. Tailored educational programs are crucial in Quranic education communities to dispel healthcare misconceptions. Governments and NGOs should create economic opportunities for women to ensure affordable healthcare and improve maternal health outcomes in Zamfara State.
Influence of Cash Management on Financial Performance of Selected Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Chari Gubo Mato , Nyariki Kennedy
Published: July 2024

Saccos were intended to provide a variety of financial services tailored to market demands for their clients. To successfully offer these services, they needed a well-managed and robust current asset’s structure, maintained by qualified personnel. Effective asset management would enable Saccos to meet their obligations promptly. However, Kenyan Saccos have faced issues with low liquidity ratios, struggling to maintain the required 15% monthly legal cash flow ratios, often relying on expensive bank loans for support. The main aim of the study was to investigate how cash management influences the financial performance of savings and credit cooperative societies in Meru County, Kenya. The study applied pecking order theory to cash and short-term securities management. The study selected representatives from the entire population using a simple random sampling method to have 13 customer care officers, 34 tellers, 28 back-office staff, and 36 loans officers, totaling 111 respondents. A descriptive research design was chosen to gather data from 24 deposit and non-deposit Saccos in Meru County. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires and financial statements. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and mean were calculated. The findings were essential for Sacco management, providing insights into how the management of cash asset be optimized to enhance the liquidity of the institutions.
Workstation Collaboration and Classroom Culpability of Teachers in Public Elementary Schools
Authors: Mugat Ornido V. , Baguio Josephine B.
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between workstation collaboration and classroom culpability of public elementary school teachers in Babak District, Island Garden City of Samal. The research employed a non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing the correlational method, with universal sampling. The respondents of the study were 131 public elementary school teachers who answered researchers-made questionnaires. The statistical tools used were the mean, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r), and regression analysis. The results showed that workstation collaboration among public elementary school teachers is high and is oftentimes manifested by the students. Similarly, the classroom culpability of public elementary school teachers is high and is moderately demonstrated by the teachers. A significant relationship was found between workstation collaboration and classroom culpability of public elementary school teachers. Furthermore, the domains of workstation collaboration significantly influence the classroom culpability of teachers in public elementary schools. These results may serve as a basis for teachers to refine workstation collaboration and classroom culpability practices in public elementary schools. It is recommended that school teachers consider enhancing problem-solving processes related to workstation collaboration, potentially through a separate course, distinct curriculum, or integrated daily lesson plans.
Quantifying the English Language Attitude and Classroom Engagement Levels Among Humanities and Social Sciences Students
Authors: Candog Allah Kalayaan , Calanas Thaddeus Gabriel , Escuadro Karylle Yzabel , Gabuat Frank Steven
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to determine the correlation between the perceived attitude of Humanities and Social Sciences (Senior High School) students towards the use of the English language and its impact on their classroom engagement. This study was conducted in Mapua Malayan Colleges Mindanao (Senior High School Department), Davao City, Philippines, from October 2023 to December 2023, implementing a quantitative approach to gather statistical data between the independent variable (English language attitude) and the dependent variable (classroom engagement levels). Moreover, the study primarily utilized a correlational research design. Adapted questionnaires that assessed the students’ perceived English language attitude and classroom engagement levels were deployed to 150 respondents from the Humanities and Social Sciences track. Results show a direct correlation between the Humanities and Social Sciences students’ English language attitude (mean=3.95) and classroom engagement levels (mean=4.09). This affirms that Humanities and Social Sciences students’ positive attitude towards the English language are reflected towards their high participation levels within the classroom setting.
Segmented Organic Fertilizer Market in Kutch District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Prajapati Dhrumil , Panigrahy Shaktiranjan
Published: July 2024

The present study was an attempt to develop the probable market segments for the organic fertiliser based on its sale by different companies to their respective farming communities. For that sake, Kutch district of Gujarat was purposively selected looking into the growing importance of the area in the organic fertiliser market and 200 respondents were selected from five different talukas due to the large number of target respondents in that region. Correspondence analysis was used for creating perceptual map and developing probable market segments whereas descriptive statistic was used to understand other critical areas of the study. It was found that organic fertiliser is always preferred in bulk, with other inputs as the complementary products. As it was high in price, farmers expected some discounts on the product purchase. Companies may come with package of solutions in product distribution by giving discounts, intime supports, easy availability, adequate storage and transportation facility, technical knowhow and many more for luring customers towards their market segments. The market is lucrative for companies that sell organic fertiliser to farmers engaged in dairy farming and agriculture. However, other areas of market segments like agriculture, business and potential combinations thereof.
Lei de Informática: uma prospecção relacionada às instituições de ciência e tecnologia credenciadas no Capda
Authors: Areque Alice Gomes Guimarães , Vilela Junior Dalton Chaves , Waichman Andrea Viviana
Published: July 2024

Este artigo visa a analisar a relação existente entre as Instituições Científicas e de Inovação Tecnológica (ICTs) credenciadas pelo Comitê das Atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento na Amazônia (Capda), vinculado à Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus (Suframa) e as empresas beneficiárias da Lei de Informática (LI), e o perfil dessas instituições em relação aos seus pedidos de patentes. A metodologia utilizada foi a quali-quantitativa, com revisão de literatura e busca de informações em sites institucionais, sendo a pesquisa do tipo descritiva com análise de patentes. Entre outros resultados, pode-se constatar que há um número muito baixo de pedidos de patentes depositados relacionadas às ICTs credenciadas no Capda e às empresas beneficiadas pela Lei de Informática não sendo possível associar os investimentos em PD&I com a criação de produtos tecnológicos que resultem em patentes.
Cannabis no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI): um panorama dos depósitos de marcas e as decisões proferidas
Authors: Sônego Larissa Gomes , Silva Felipe Schauffert Ávila da , Richartz Fernando
Published: July 2024

Por volta de 1924, a cannabis foi considerada uma droga destrutiva e proibida. No entanto, a planta demonstra grande potencial medicinal, industrial e econômico. Em 1996, a Califórnia regulamentou o seu uso medicinal, fazendo surgir novos negócios e marcas relacionadas. O presente trabalho objetivou a busca pelos pedidos de registro de marca relacionadas ao setor utilizando o banco de dados do INPI. Foram utilizadas como sintaxe de busca as palavras-chave “cannabis”, contida no elemento nominativo das marcas, e artigo “124” contida nas decisões para identificar as justificavas de indeferimento. Localizou-se 301 pedidos depositados entre os anos de 2010 e 2023. Desses, 105 foram indeferidos com base num dos incisos do artigo 124 da Lei n. 9.279/96. Os indeferimentos foram analisados, identificando os seus fundamentos. Os dados encontrados permitiram concluir que não há uniformidade de entendimento no INPI acerca do registro de marcas do mercado canábico, acarretando insegurança jurídica ao mercado.
Análise da Primeira Cena entre Otis e Dan à Luz do Entendimento Freudiano de Ato Falho na série "Sex Education"
Authors: Barreto Anna  Luiza Mattos
Published: July 2024

O seriado de comédia-drama "Sex Education”, transmitida pela Netflix, discorre sobre a história do jovem Otis e sua mãe, Jean, terapeuta sexual. Como pano de fundo do longa metragem, há conflitos entre mãe e filho, Otis afirma que a sua genitora escolhe péssimos e demasiados parceiros sexuais. Dentre estes, há Dan, um rapaz cerca de vinte anos mais novo do que Jean, o qual, a princípio, parece ter poucos interesses em comum, exceto o sexo, com a mãe de Otis. Nesse contexto, analisar-se-ão, aspectos notáveis em uma cena entre os personagens “Otis” e “Dan”, presente na primeira temporada do seriado, sob o viés da psicanálise freudiana, com ênfase no conceito de ato falho.
O regime jurídico da indignidade no direito das sucessões
Authors: ZANINI LEONARDO ESTEVAM DE ASSIS
Published: July 2024

Este artigo examina o regime jurídico da exclusão da sucessão por indignidade. Trata-se de pesquisa que utiliza metodologia descritiva e dedutiva, baseada fundamentalmente em revisão bibliográfica e na investigação da legislação e da jurisprudência. Para tanto, após uma breve análise histórica, o texto estuda o conceito, os fundamentos e a natureza jurídica da exclusão por indignidade. Em seguida, passa-se ao exame das causas de exclusão por indignidade taxativamente previstas no Código Civil de 2002. O artigo também analisa os efeitos da exclusão do indigno, os aspectos processuais da indignidade, as hipóteses de reabilitação ou de perdão do indigno e a validade dos atos praticados pelo herdeiro aparente. Os resultados alcançados demonstram que a exclusão por indignidade constitui um importante instituto jurídico do direito sucessório, que tem por finalidade a salvaguarda dos direitos da personalidade e da autonomia privada do falecido.
A responsabilidade civil na divulgação de “intimidades plurais”
Authors: Bolesina Iuri , Favero Felini Carolina
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo definir juridicamente “intimidades plurais” e, diante disso, se a sua violação por um dos titulares pode gerar responsabilidade civil e por quais fundamentos jurídicos. Para isso, fez-se necessário mostrar os pontos relevantes da transformação do direito à privacidade no Ocidente, até o momento em que ele passa a integrar o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro contemporâneo. Nota-se, portanto, que no decorrer dessa transformação, surgiram novos espaços e novas formas de se relacionar com as pessoas. Dessa forma, tem-se o nascimento de novas intimidades, entre elas a “intimidade plural”, que basicamente é uma intimidade compartilhada entre dois ou mais indivíduos em um ambiente digital. Quanto à metodologia, utilizou-se o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa de documentação indireta. Por fim, concluiu-se, de modo que geral, que divulgação ilícita dessa intimidade acarretará responsabilidade civil, com base no art. 187 do Código Civil, podendo, inclusive, gerar danos às vítimas.
Limites da discricionariedade administrativa na emissão de licenças ambientais pelo Município de Salvador/Bahia
Authors: Pires Oliveira Thiago
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo a análise dos limites da discricionariedade administrativa na emissão de atos administrativos pelos Municípios no direito brasileiro. Ele utiliza o método dogmático e está delimitado à investigação da discricionariedade na emissão de licenças ambientais, optando-se ainda pelo recorte epistemológico ao Município de Salvador (Bahia). Este artigo pretende abordar as possibilidades de exercício da atividade discricionária, bem como os seus limites conforme previsão do direito brasileiro, considerando as particularidades da realidade local do Município de Salvador.
O DIREITO AO MEIO AMBIENTE DAS FUTURAS GERAÇÕES: SOLUÇÕES DO CONFLITO INTERGERACIONAL DE DIREITOS
Authors: Aguiar de Oliveira Amanda Nicole , Nahmias Melo Sandro
Published: July 2024

A convivência humana gera conflitos. Esses conflitos têm diversas magnitudes, mas atualmente com mais frequência, fruto da preocupação global e a imposição constitucional de proteção ao meio ambiente, os litígios ambientais tem sido levados ao Poder Judiciário cujas decisões precisam ser projetadas para medir seus impactos às futuras gerações. Neste sentido, como mitigar o conflito intergeracional de direitos e a proteção jurídica do meio ambiente constitucionalmente prevista? Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como resolver os conflitos intergeracionais no Direito Ambiental, através da garantia da proteção jurídica do meio ambiente e o núcleo essencial dos direitos na visão do Poder Judiciário. Para isso, usou-se a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa e caráter descritivo, resultando em três itens principais de desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Ao final, obteve-se como resultado a confirmação da hipótese de que os conflitos intergeracionais devem ser analisados em cada caso concreto, respeitando os limites impostos pelo núcleo essencial do Direito Ambiental diante do litígio apresentado.
A JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA COMO MEIO ADEQUADO À SOLUÇÃO DOS CONFLITOS FUNDIÁRIOS URBANOS
Authors: De Moraes Oliveira Tássia Louise , Pereira de Santana Selma
Published: July 2024

A solução adequada para os conflitos fundiários parte de uma visão crítica de tal fenômeno a partir dos direitos humanos. Além dessa visão crítica, mostra-se fundamental, para que se estabeleça uma solução adequada a qualquer conflito fundiário, que sejam observados os regramentos internos e internacionais de proteção do direito à moradia, bem como as normas internas relativas à condução da política fundiária, além dos princípios constitucionais pertinentes. Por sua vez, o modelo restaurativo alude a um mecanismo de resposta ao conflito que se funda no reconhecimento de uma dimensão intersubjetiva do conflito, assumindo a função de pacificação deste, por meio da reparação dos danos causados, tendo por suporte fundamental o encontro e o diálogo. Neste contexto, a solução dos conflitos a partir das práticas restaurativas permite a efetivação de soluções mais rápidas e garante o processo participativo, permitindo o exercício de diálogo e compreensão pelos jurisdicionado, atendendo aos princípios da função social da cidade e da propriedade. O presente artigo pretende analisar a viabilidade de aplicação do modelo restaurativo aos conflitos fundiários urbanos. A metodologia utilizada foi descritiva e exploratória: revisão bibliográfica, para explicitar as principais características das perspectivas teóricas citadas e o tratamento conferido ao modelo restaurativo, além das bases normativas que permitem a sua aplicação aos conflitos fundiários urbanos. Neste contexto, analisa-se a justiça restaurativa como meio eficaz de solução dos conflitos fundiários e de que forma o modelo restaurativo pode contribuir na construção de uma prestação jurisdicional célere, eficaz e que atenda aos fins sociais constitucionalmente determinados.
Jean Bodin e Jean de Nynauld: discurso e ideologia nos tratados jurídicos e médicos franceses do século XVI e XVII
Authors: Pereira da Silva Gabriela
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo busca realizar uma análise de como diferentes ideologias podem ser vistas dentro dos discursos. Mais especificamente, nos tratados De la demonomanie des sorciers (1580), de Jean Bodin e De la lycanthropie, transformation et extase des sorciers (1615), de Jean de Nynauld. Para isso, utilizaremos as postulações de Michel Pêcheux e Eni Orlandi acerca da Análise de Discurso (AD) e a concepção de ideologia e distorção de Ernesto Laclau para analisar a linguagem utilizada nos tratados, a qual pode ser entendida como uma mediação entre o homem e a realidade na qual o mesmo está inserido. Torna-se importante, nesse quesito, o contexto histórico no qual os autores se inserem, as condições de produção das obras, as posições que ocuparam, os objetivos e a recepção dos escritos na sociedade e suas respectivas repercussões.
Random Lasing in Self‐Assembled Dye‐Doped Latex Nanoparticles: Packing Density Effects
Authors: Cerdán Luis , Costela Angel , Enciso Eduardo , García‐Moreno Inmaculada
Published: March 2013

Efficient random lasing (RL) from self‐assembled dye‐doped latex nanoparticles (d = 50–380 nm) presenting size polydispersity is reported. This new system exhibits a very good chemical compatibility between dye (Rhodamine 6G) and polymer as well as a high refractive index contrast between nanoparticle and surroundings (air), in such a way that its emission properties surpass the ones previously reported in similar systems. Furthermore, this system allows analyzing in detail the effects of the nanoparticle size polydispersity and the packing density on the RL emission properties. It is shown that size polydispersity gives rise to non‐uniformities in the filling fraction along the sample that lead to fluctuations on the scattering length across the sample and thus to a variation on the emission properties. Finally, it is observed that the increase of the filling fraction, enabled by the use of binary mixtures of nanoparticles with different sizes, results in remarkable improvements in the RL emission properties.
On the Evolving Relationship Between Corn and Oil Prices
Authors: Elmarzougui Eskandar , Larue Bruno
Published: March 2013

The authors identified three breaks in the relationship between corn and oil prices. The first break coincides with the second oil crisis. The second break marks the end of the agricultural export subsidy war between the European Union and the United States in the second half of 1980s; the third one occurred at the beginning of the ethanol boom at the very end of the 1990s. The relationship between corn and oil prices tends to be stronger when oil prices are highly volatile and when agricultural policies create less distortion. The ethanol boom strengthened the relation between corn and oil prices, which are cointegrated only in the fourth and last regime. Impulse response functions confirm that corn prices systematically respond to oil price shocks, but the converse is not observed.
Sinonasal epithelial wound resealing in an in vitro model: inhibition of wound closure with IL‐4 exposure
Authors: Wise Sarah K. , Den Beste Kyle A. , Hoddeson Elizabeth K. , Parkos Charles A. , Nusrat Asma
Published: March 2013

Background

Prolonged healing and persistent inflammation following surgery for rhinosinusitis impacts patient satisfaction and healthcare resources. Cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 are important mediators in T‐helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory rhinosinusitis. Decreased wound healing has been demonstrated with Th2 cytokine exposure, but this has not been extensively studied in sinonasal epithelium. We hypothesized that in vitro exposure of primary sinonasal epithelial cell cultures to Th2 inflammatory cytokine IL‐4 and IL‐13 would impair wound resealing and decrease expression of annexin A2 at the wound edge.

Methods

Following 24‐hour exposure to IL‐4, IL‐5, or IL‐13 vs controls, sterile linear mechanical wounds were created in primary sinonasal epithelial cultures (n = 12 wounds per condition). Wounds were followed for 36 hours or until complete closure, and residual wound areas were calculated by image analysis. Group differences in annexin A2 were assessed by immunofluorescence labeling, confocal microscopy, and Western blots.

Results

Significant wound closure differences were identified across cytokine exposure groups (p < 0.001). Mean percentage wound closure at the completion of the 36‐hour time course was 98.41% ± 3.43% for control wounds vs 85.02% ± 18.46% for IL‐4 exposed wounds. IL‐13 did not significantly impair sinonasal epithelial wound resealing in vitro. Annexin A2 protein levels were decreased in IL‐4 treated wounds when compared to control wounds (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Th2 cytokine IL‐4 decreases sinonasal epithelial wound closure in vitro. Annexin A2 is also diminished with IL‐4 exposure. This supports the hypothesis that IL‐4 exposure impairs sinonasal epithelial wound healing and may contribute to prolonged healing in Th2 inflammatory rhinosinusitis.
Long‐term improvement of musician's dystonia after stereotactic ventro‐oral thalamotomy
Authors: Horisawa Shiro , Taira Takaomi , Goto Shinichi , Ochiai Taku , Nakajima Takeshi
Published: March 2013

Objective

Musician's dystonia is a task‐specific movement disorder that causes twisting or repetitive abnormal finger postures and movements, which tend to occur only while playing musical instruments. Such a movement disorder will probably lead to termination of the careers of affected professional musicians. Most of the currently available treatments have yet to provide consistent and satisfactory results. We present the long‐term follow‐up results of ventro‐oral thalamotomy for 15 patients with musician's dystonia.

Methods

Between October 2003 and September 2010, 15 patients with medically intractable task‐specific focal hand dystonia that occurred only while playing musical instruments underwent ventro‐oral thalamotomy. We used Tubiana's musician's dystonia scale to evaluate the patients' pre‐ and postoperative neurological conditions.

Results

All patients except 1 (93%) experienced dramatic improvement of dystonic symptoms immediately after ventro‐oral thalamotomy. The mean follow‐up period was 30.8 months (range = 4–108 months). None of the patients experienced recurrence or deterioration of symptoms during the follow‐up periods.

Interpretation

Ventro‐oral thalamotomy remarkably improved musician's dystonia, and the effect persisted for a long duration. Ann Neurol 2013;74:648–654
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of clopidogrel in healthy Jordanian subjects with emphasis optimal sampling strategy
Authors: Yousef A. M. , Melhem M. , Xue B. , Arafat T. , Reynolds D. K. , Van Wart S. A.
Published: March 2013

Aim: Clopidogrel is metabolized primarily into an inactive carboxyl metabolite (clopidogrel‐IM) or to a lesser extent an active thiol metabolite. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using NONMEM® to describe the time course of clopidogrel‐IM in plasma and to design a sparse‐sampling strategy to predict clopidogrel‐IM exposures for use in characterizing anti‐platelet activity.Methods: Serial blood samples from 76 healthy Jordanian subjects administered a single 75 mg oral dose of clopidogrel were collected and assayed for clopidogrel‐IM using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. A two‐compartment (2‐CMT) PK model with first‐order absorption and elimination plus an absorption lag‐time was evaluated, as well as a variation of this model designed to mimic enterohepatic recycling (EHC). Optimal PK sampling strategies (OSS) were determined using WinPOPT based upon collection of 3–12 post‐dose samples.Results: A two‐compartment model with EHC provided the best fit and reduced bias in Cmax (median prediction error (PE%) of 9.58% versus 12.2%) relative to the basic two‐compartment model, AUC0‐24 was similar for both models (median PE% = 1.39%). The OSS for fitting the two‐compartment model with EHC required the collection of seven samples (0.25, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 12 h). Reasonably unbiased and precise exposures were obtained when re‐fitting this model to a reduced dataset considering only these sampling times.Conclusions: A two‐compartment model considering EHC best characterized the time course of clopidogrel‐IM in plasma. Use of the suggested OSS will allow for the collection of fewer PK samples when assessing clopidogrel‐IM exposures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resorcinarene‐Functionalised Imidazolium Salts as Ligand Precursors for Palladium‐Catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Şahin Neslihan , Sémeril David , Brenner Eric , Matt Dominique , Özdemir İsmail , Kaya Cemal , Toupet Loïc
Published: March 2013

Three imidazolium salts based on a rigid resorcinarene platform (1–3) were synthesised and used as catalyst precursors in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid. In these pro‐carbene ligands, the heterocyclic moiety has one N atom connected to a C2 atom of a resorcinolic ring, and the other is substituted by an alkyl group (R=n‐propyl, iso‐propyl, benzyl). The methinic C atoms of the macrocyclic core are all substituted by a pentyl group. The best catalytic performances were obtained by using an imidazolium/Pd ratio of 1:1. The catalytic systems displayed high activities, which increased in the order R=n‐propyl (1)<i‐propyl (2)<benzyl (3). For example, the use of 3 resulted in activities up to 30 100 mol(converted ArX) mol(Pd)−1 h−1 in the arylation of bromotoluene at 100 °C in dioxane. Comparative studies showed that the performance of imidazolium salt 3 is significantly superior to that of related salts devoid of a cavity‐shaped substituent. These experiments illustrate the role of the bulky resorcinarene unit, which facilitates the reductive elimination step. Modification of the cavitand structure by replacement of the pentyl substituents with phenyl groups further revealed that the catalytic outcome is influenced by the nature of the lower belt‐substituents. The results strongly suggest that the Pd catalysts obtained from 1–3 have the metal centre preferentially located outside the cavity.
An Atomic Scale View of Methanol Reactivity at the Cu(1 1 1)/CuOx Interface
Authors: Lawton Timothy J. , Kyriakou Georgios , Baber Ashleigh E. , Sykes E. Charles H.
Published: March 2013

The interaction and reaction of MeOH with Cu is of foremost importance in a range of heterogeneously catalyzed processes. A critical intermediate in the molecular transformation of MeOH on Cu‐based catalysts is the methoxy species, the formation of which comprises the first elementary step in the MeOH steam reforming reaction. The interface length between metallic Cu(1 1 1) and copper oxide dictates the conversion of MeOH to formaldehyde (H2CO), although the microscopic details of MeOH’s adsorption, diffusion, and reaction at this complex interface are not clear. Here, STM was used to study the reaction of MeOH with the morphologically complex Cu(1 1 1)/copper oxide [Cu(1 1 1)/CuOx] surface. STM is the only technique that can simultaneously characterize various complex oxide surface structures and MeOH’s adsorption and reaction sites at the atomic scale. Variable‐temperature STM measurements enabled the spatial distribution of both intact and dissociated MeOH to be tracked as the reaction proceeded and revealed that diffusion and spillover are key processes in MeOH decomposition. The presence of extended metallic Cu areas interconnected with disordered oxide structures, coupled with the weak binding of MeOH on Cu, provides the driving force for MeOH to migrate to interfacial sites at which deprotonation occurs. At elevated temperatures, methoxy buildup at the Cu(1 1 1)/CuOx interface is observed along with evidence consistent with spillover. These data provide the first clear atomic scale picture of the interaction and reaction of MeOH with oxidized Cu(1 1 1), the most common facet of Cu in nanoparticle catalysts.
Screening of Multiparameter Spaces for Silver Nanoprism Synthesis by Microsegmented Flow Technique
Authors: Knauer Andrea , Köhler J. Michael
Published: March 2013

In this work, a method of combinatorial variation of reactant solutions combined with an in situ UV‐Vis readout of the plasmonic properties during the wet‐chemical synthesis of Ag nanoprisms in micro fluid segments is presented. Segment sequences of clearly distinguishable compositions are generated by an automated flow rate program. By the help of two combined slowly shifting and two contrariwise rapidly changing reactant flow rates, a two dimensional parameter space is covered completely in steps of 20 %. Due to the sensitive main dipole mode of Ag nanoprisms, a combinatorial concentration variation during the growth step of the synthesis opens new possibilities regarding tuning of particle size and optical properties. Here, within one combinatorial synthesis run, silver nanoprisms with edge length between 35 and 200 nm and main plasmon resonances between 550 and 900 nm were obtained.
Benzenesulfonamides: A Unique Class of Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Inhibitors
Authors: Mooring Suazette Reid , Liu Jin , Liang Zhongxing , Ahn Jeffrey , Hong Samuel , Yoon Younghyoun , Snyder James P. , Shim Hyunsuk
Published: March 2013

The interaction of CXCR4 with CXCL12 (SDF‐1) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis by facilitating the homing of tumor cells to metastatic sites. Based on our previously published work on CXCR4 antagonists, we have synthesized a series of aryl sulfonamides that inhibit the CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction. Analogue bioactivities were assessed with binding affinity and Matrigel invasion assays. Computer modeling was employed to evaluate a selection of the new analogues docked into the CXCR4 X‐ray structure and to rationalize discrepancies between the affinity and Matrigel in vitro assays. A lead compound displays nanomolar potency in the binding affinity assay (IC50=8.0 nM) and the Matrigel invasion assay (100 % blockade of invasion at 10 nM). These data demonstrate that benzenesulfonamides are a unique class of CXCR4 inhibitors with high potency.
Partially overlapping channel assignment for WLANs using SINR interference model
Authors: Zhou Kunxiao , Jia Xiaohua , Chang Yanan , Tang Xing
Published: March 2013

The use of multiple channels in 802.11 wireless local area networks can improve network performance. Many efforts have been done to better exploit multiple non‐overlapped channels. However, the number of orthogonal channels in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 standards is very much limited. Recent studies indicate that we can improve the full‐range channel utilization and the network throughput by properly utilizing the partially overlapping channels. However, little work was focused on channel assignment for partially overlapping channels. In this paper, we investigate the problem of partially overlapping channel assignment to improve the performance of 802.11 wireless networks based on the Signal to Interference–Noise Ratio interference model. Using the Signal to Interference–Noise Ratio model, we deduce a direct relationship between maximizing system throughput and minimizing total interference when partially overlapping channels are employed. After that, we propose a greedy method to minimize the total interference for throughput maximization. We evaluate our algorithm through extensive simulations and compare its performances with those of the state‐of‐the‐art. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers: More Than Molecular Diagnostics
Authors: Anderson Dave C.
Published: March 2013

Preclinical Research

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, progressive, and eventually fatal neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks effective treatment options. The disease process is only partially understood. Biomarker identification and analysis will be important for facilitating a deeper understanding of the molecular nature of the disease process and neuropathology, diagnosis of the disease at its earliest stages, in assessing disease progression and to enable the drug discovery and development process. This review assesses progress in a number of areas of AD biomarker discovery and development, constituting a potential systems approach to understanding and diagnosing this disease, including next‐generation DNA sequencing of human genomes, genome‐wide association studies, epigenetics (including DNA methylation and micro‐RNA profiling), gene expression profiling, lipidomics and metabolomics, proteomics, and neuroimaging.
5‐HT1 and 5‐HT2 Receptors Are Involved in the Anxiolytic‐Like Effects of the Neuronal NOS Inhibitor TRIM in the Rat
Authors: Tanyeri Pelin , Mutlu Oguz , Ulak Güner , Akar Füruzan Yildiz , Celikyurt Ipek Komsuoglu , Erden Bekir Faruk
Published: March 2013

Preclinical Research

TRIM, a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, had anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus‐maze (EPM) test. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of serotonergic system in the anxiolytic‐like effect of TRIM in the EPM test, a widely used animal model of anxiety. The anxiolytic‐like effect of TRIM (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult Wistar albino male rats in the EPM test was antagonized by pretreatment with the 5‐HT depleting agent; parachlorophenylalanine methyl ester (3 × 150 mg/kg i.p.) that inhibits 5‐HT synthesis; methiothepin (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), a nonselective 5‐HT receptor antagonist; WAY 100635 (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), a selective 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist; GR 127935 (3 mg/kg i.p.), a selective 5‐HT1B/1D receptor antagonist; cyproheptadine (3 mg/kg i.p.), a 5‐HT2 receptor antagonist; or ketanserin (5 mg/kg i.p.), a 5‐HT2A/2C receptor antagonist. The anxiolytic‐like effects of TRIM thus appear to be mediated in part by 5‐HT1 and 5‐HT2 receptors.