bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DURATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FLOWERING OF ELITE HYBRIDS OF DAYLILY HEMEROCALLIS L.IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY
Authors:   Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies, Antropova N.V.
Published: October 2021

he results of studying daylily hybrids (Hemerocallis L.) are discussed. The research goal is tostudy daylily hybrids with different colors, long and productive flowering, and adapted to the conditions of the Altai Region’s forest-steppe. The research targets were as following: the control variety Golden Gift and 9 promising hybrids of 2006-2008 obtained by crossing of the daylily developed in the Altai Region. The studies were carried out according to the gen-erally accepted methodology. In 2015, 2019, and 2020, no winter damage was observed in daylily hybrids. Shoot growth was observed from April 13to April 20; the begin-ning of flowering –from June 10 to August 2. The total duration of the hybrids’ ornamental value made over 2.5 months (from June 10 to September 7). The generative productivity in the studied hybrids was 18-270 flowers per plant. Most hybrids were red in color. The hybrid 20-07-17 had a spider-like flower shape; 3-07-3 -star-shaped; the rest had rounded and triangular flowers. Flower diameter in the hybrids varied within 7.4-16.2 cm; in the control -10.2 cm. The hybrid plants grew in width to 37-62 cm. The plant height varies from 40 to 64 cm which is important for creating flower arrangements for urban and household plot landscaping. All the studied hybrids have high ornamental and productive characteristics; among them there arecan-didate varieties for further selective breeding and expan-sion of genetic diversity. As a result, profusely blooming hybrids of daylily Hemerocallis L.with early, medium, and late flowering were studied; this would allow increasing the duration of ornamental value for more than 2.5 months. The best are the following hybrids: 1-06-15 -tall, red-colored and triangular-shaped flower; 20-07-17 -tall, large-flowered, red-colored and spider-shaped flower; 4-07-150 -crimson-red color and triangular shape ofthe flower; 7-07-5 -bright red color and triangular shape of the flower; 19-08-2 -crimson color and triangular shape of the flower.
Frequency of Vitamin D deficiency in liver cirrhosis and its correlation with Child Pugh Score
Authors: Dilshad M. Akif , Rasool Shafqat , Latif Amir , Gul Asif , Haque Israr ul , Tayyab Ghias Un Nabi
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with liver cirrhosis and the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with Child Pugh Class in patients with cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: Vitamin D and calcium levels were checked in patients with cirrhosis of liver aged 18 to 80 years admitted in Gastroenterology department of Lahore General Hospital. Investigations were also done to calculate Child Pugh (CTP) score and Child Class was assigned on the basis of score. Quantitative variables were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation. Frequency and percentage were used for qualitative measures. The p-value was calculated by the contingency coefficient to find a relationship of vitamin D levels to CTP scores of liver cirrhosis. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24 Study Duration: The study was carried out from December 2019 to October 2020 Results: A total of 170 patients with mean age of 43.82 ± 9.72 (19-61) years were evaluated of which 144 (84.7%) were males, 26 (15.3%) were females. Vitamin D3 deficiency was found in 144/170 (84.7%) patients while insufficiency was found in 14/170(8.2 %). It was more common in male patients (86.1%) compared to female patients (76.9%). Mean vitamin D3 levels was 14.4 ± 9.4 ng/ ml. Patients with Child A cirrhosis 6/10 (60%) had deficiency, with child B 66/82 (80.5%) while with Child C 72/78 (92.3%) had deficiency of Vitamin D3. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with cirrhosis and level has decreased stepwise with higher Child Pugh Class. Keywords: Cirrhosis, Vitamin D, Child Pugh score
Role of Oral Tranexamic Acid in Treating Patients of Melasma in A Charity Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Sheikh Mariam , Rahim Ikram ur , Latif Muhammad , Majeed Rabail , Awais Muhammad , Riaz Sunila
Published: October 2021

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral tranexamic acid (TA) in the treatment of melasma Method: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study which was performed in department of dermatology in Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore from April till December 2019. 70 patients of moderate to severe melasma were enrolled regardless of gender, > 18 years of age. 250 mg oral TA was given BD for 3 months along with broad spectrum topical sunscreen. Follow up done on monthly basis, 2 months after stopping the treatment. Photographs were taken at first visit & MASI (melasma area severity index) scoring done at start & after 3 months of treatment. Side effects were noted down if present. Results were recorded & analysed using SPSS. Results: A total of 70 patients were enrolled, 44 females and 26 males. Mean age of patients was 30.7. There was a significant decrease mean 3.4 in MASI scoring at 12 wks of treatment. 25 patients had good, 22 had fair, 7 had fair response to TA. No serious side effects were noted at end of treatment. No reversal of melasma was recorded at 2 months after stopping treatment. Conclusion: Oral tranexamic acid is a quick & effective treatment of patients of melasma. Key words: Melasma, tranexamic acid, treatment.
A Call for implementing minimum age condition to protect young athletes‘ human rights
Authors: Al Kuwari Buthaina Mohammed , Van Bueren Geraldine
Published: October 2021

Sport is considered a favorable activity for children. Through participating in sport, children can acquire several skills and develop character traits like cooperation, teamwork, resilience, and focus. Nevertheless, it has been argued that children’s rights might be violated in sport at an elite level, primarily due to the intensive training given at an early age. More specifically, it was reported that approximately 20 percent of children involved in competitive sports may be at risk of abuse, violence, or exploitation, while 10 percent may be at risk of extreme abuse. This paper focusses on the lack of international law provisions to protect children who participate in elite sports and hence argue for a more effective protection. This gives rise to the need for an enforcement mechanism in the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) specifically for elite-level sports. Thus, the international law could have a positive impact on domestic laws regarding young athletes in competitive sports. As a possible way through, this paper will examine the idea of imposing minimum age limit, including legal examples, as a potential solution to help protect children’s rights in sport.
Farklı Arbüsküler Mikorizal Fungus Türlerinin Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) Çöğürlerinin Büyüme ve Gelişmesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Güler Gizem , Şimşek Murat , Gübbük Hamide
Published: October 2021

Guava’da, (Psidium Guajava L.) ticari bahçelerin kurulumunda aşıyla üretilmiş fidanlar tercih edilmektedir. Aşı ile çoğaltmada öncelikle aşı yapılacak çöğür ya da anaca ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu amaçla planlanan bu araştırmada, bazı arbüsküler mikorizal fungus (AMF) türlerinin, aşılamada kullanılacak guava çöğürlerinin büyüme ve gelişmesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada üç farklı AMF türü (Glomus mosseae, G. etinicatum, G. clarium) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma materyali olarak, pembe et rengine sahip guava genotipine ait çöğürler kullanılmıştır. Mikoriza aşılamaları, her bitkinin kök bölgesine 500 spor/bitki gelecek şekilde yapılmıştır. Aşılamadan 12 hafta sonra bitki gelişim parametreleri (bitki boyu, bitki çapı, kök uzunluğu, bitki ve kökün yaş-kuru ağırlıkları ve mikorizal kolonizasyon) ile ilgili ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları; bitki boyunun 74.9-83.9 cm, bitki çapının 5.6-6.5 mm, kök uzunluğunun 41.4-50.7 cm, bitki yaş-kuru ağırlıklarının 19.1-43.9 g - 7.9-17.2 g, kök yaş-kuru ağırlıklarının 9.6-27.8 g - 4.2-12.4 g ve kolonizasyon oranlarının %15-85 arasında değiştiğini göstermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, guavada bitki büyüme ve gelişmesi üzerine mikoriza türlerinin etkisi farklı olmuştur. İncelenen tüm parametreler açısından en yüksek değerler G. etinicatum türünde elde edilmiş ve bunu sırasıyla G. mosseae ve G. clarium türleri izlemiştir.
Posibilidades y límites de la intervención pública dirigida a personas LGTB+ en Chile
Authors: Galaz Valderrama Caterine , Troncoso Pérez Lelya
Published: October 2021

En los últimos años en Chile se han intensificado las demandas de colectivos LGTB+ y el Estado ha ido respondiendo reactivamente con algunas políticas e intervenciones públicas, pero desde lógicas que continúan siendo binarias y hetero-cis-normativas. Desde una visión crítica sobre las políticas públicas, problematizamos cómo éstas establecen un sujeto de intervención a priori desde una perspectiva identitaria. Se presentan resultados de una investigación cualitativa basada en entrevistas a profesionales de diversos servicios públicos y personas LGTB+ usuarias de estos servicios en tres centros urbanos en Chile: Santiago, Concepción y Valparaíso. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran las concepciones sobre “diversidad sexual” en la intervención directa con estos colectivos; las posibilidades y límites que se han articulado en las áreas de salud y educación, considerándolos como dos ámbitos relevantes en la intervención, junto a las aperturas que se han dado en los gobiernos locales sobre la temática. Se concluye que se ha extendido una ideal de “diversidad” dentro de la intervención que puede encubrir nuevas desigualdades y reificar nuevas posiciones de subordinación de las sexualidades no normativas.
Reflexiones feministas sobre la Intervención desde trabajo social con mujeres violentadas en Bogotá
Authors: Bueno Ana Marcela , Buitrago Maribel Florián , Chinchilla Romero Diana Milena
Published: October 2021

La intervención del trabajo social con mujeres que han vivido violencia por parte de sus parejas, en la mayoría de los casos, sigue siendo una constante a lo largo del continente, incluso a nivel mundial. En Colombia, la violencia de género ha sido un tema que cada vez toma más fuerza como fenómeno agudizado que requiere atención institucional, y por ende ha empezado a tener lugar relevante en la política social. Pese a esta visibilización, sigue siendo este un tema urgente por abordar desde las diferentes esferas sociales, en la medida que no se logra disminuir las cifras de violencia y de otro lado, las instituciones tampoco tienen suficiente claridad respecto a los requerimientos de este tipo de atención, dados los límites que se imponen en cada caso. A partir de algunas investigaciones sobre violencia de género dirigidas y en conversaciones con trabajadoras sociales en ejercicio en el ámbito de la atención a mujeres que han sido víctimas de violencia de género en instituciones del Estado en Bogotá, se hace una reflexión acerca de las complejidades de este fenómeno, de las características de su intervención, así como de los desafíos que plantea su atención en este campo profesional. Parte de los desafíos que identificamos en este proceso reflexivo es que, cómo profesionales del trabajo social tenemos un papel político determinante en la transformación de los códigos patriarcales de intercambio cotidiano con lo cual se busca el cuestionamiento del machismo, con la participación activa de las y con ello que logren en últimas conquistar espacios y dinámicas que reviertan en su bienestar y en la reivindicación de sus derechos.
Simulasi Penerapan Multiple Queue Multiple Server Pada Antrian Bank Dengan Metode Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Siregar Saidi Ramadan , P Pristiwanto
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK

Simulasi merupakan proses implementasi model menjadi program komputer (software) dan mengeksekusi software tersebut sedemikian rupa sehingga perilakunya menirukan atau menyerupai sistem nyata tertentu. Tujuan dari dibuatnya simulasi antara lain sebagai pelatihan (training), studi perilaku sistem (behavior), dan permainan (games). Salah satu contoh kejadian pada kehidupan nyata yang dapat disimulasikan adalah simulasi antrian bank.

Terdapat banyak model antrian yang dapat diterapkan pada simulasi antrian bank, salah satunya yaitu Multiple Queue Multiple Server (MQMS) yang dapat diartikan sebagai satu antrian dengan beberapa pelayan (teller). Untuk membuat sebuah simulasi antrian bank MQMS dibutuhkan perencanaan atau skenario, di mulai dari proses kedatangan nasabah ke bank, proses antrian nasabah, proses pelayanan nasabah, sampai proses kepergian nasabah dari bank.

Berdasarkan teknik atau metodologi simulasi maka metode yang paling tepat untuk mensimulasikan antrian yaitu Simulasi Kejadian Diskret (Discrete Event Simulation). Discrete Event Simulation (DES) adalah suatu simulasi dimana perubahan statusnya terjadi pada titik-titik diskrit dalam waktu yang dipicu oleh kejadian (event). Pada DES, suatu kejadian (event) akan mempengaruhi kejadian (event) yang akan berlangsung selanjutnya.
ANALISIS TEKS FABEL KARANGAN SISWA SMP
Authors: Erfina Erfinawati , Ismawirna  , Darmawati  , Jumiati  , Suryanti
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan bahasa yang tepat pada teks fabel hasil  karangan siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Indrapuri yang berjumlah 75 orang siswa. Jadi, mengingat populasi ini kurang dari 100 siswa maka seluruh populasi dijadikan subjek penelitian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penetian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik tes, yaitu dalam bentuk karangansiswa. Teknik analisis data digunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif yang berbentuk karangan siswa, kemudian membaca hasil kerja siswa dan diuraiakan satu persatu unsur yang  akan di teliti seperti penggunaan huruf kapital dan tanda baca dengan kaidah kebahasaan yang baik dan benar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat kesalahan teks Fabel Karangan Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Indrapuri yang tidak menggunakan penggunaan bahasa yang tepat dan benar.
INFLUENCE IMAGE MEDIA TO IMPROVE ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Authors: Sudianto  , Tuti
Published: October 2021

Learning process In addition to an attempt to grant knowledge or transfer of knowledge, but it is also the value of education from one generation to another. Learning is seen from its scope, consisting of several components. Such components include objectives, lesson materials, teaching and learning activities, methods, tools, learning resources or evaluation One way to address the situation is to choose and use good and appropriate media in the learning process in order to help smooth, effective and efficient in achieving learning objectives and addressing the use of Conventional methods and make the learning process more vivid. Thus, directly the interest and learning outcomes of learners in English language learning will also increase and achieve So this can be a task as a teacher how to make students can like English language lessons quickly in the experience with the goal of improving their vocabulary as they study in English in the classroom, now day students are very low in  Memorizing and mastery of English vocabulary, one of the ways we can use the image media method, memorizing is one of the ways that we can use so that students are Easier master vocabulary using Image media methods, with this image media tool students will focus to pay attention to every vocabulary listed in the picture besides their easy guess the meaning contained in the picture. in the thesis research entitled "the influence of image media to improve students' English vocabulary. By using literature study research, the writer can understand how the processes to achieve research objectives are seen from previous research journals, where the majority of them discuss the use of image media to improve students' English vocabulary.. There are so many ways and techniques they use to achieve their goals, with the many media that can be applied to make students understand vocabulary easier and easier to memorize English vocabulary by using picture media with so many models that they are not too bored with use of this image media.
THE NEUROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CONTRACTING COVID-19
Authors: Aknin Lara B. , De Neve Jan Emmanuel , Dunn Elizabeth W. , Fancourt Daisy E. , Goldberg Elkhonon , Helliwell John F. , Jones Sarah P. , Karam Elie , Layard Richard , Lyubomirsky Sonja , Rzepa Andrew , Saxena Shekhar , Thornton Emily M. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Whillans Ashley V. , Zaki Jamil , Caman OzgeKaradag , Amor Yanis Ben
Published: October 2021

Since the first confirmed case in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread quickly, infecting 165 million people as of May 2021. Since this first detection, research has indicated that people contracting the virus may suffer neurological and mental disorders and deficits, in addition to the respiratory and other organ challenges caused by COVID-19. Specifically, early evidence suggests that COVID-19 has both mild (e.g., loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (ageusia), latent blinks (heterophila), headaches, dizziness, confusion) and more severe outcomes (e.g., cognitive impairments, seizures, delirium, psychosis, strokes). Longer-term neurological challenges or damage may also occur. This knowledge should inform clinical guidelines, assessment, and public health planning while more systematic research using biological, clinical, and longitudinal methods provides further insights.
Residual Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Dyslipidemia
Authors: Si Nguyen Van , Truong Tran Xuan , Duy Vo Thanh , Truong Le Quang
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular disease poses a major challenge for the 21st century. Although good control of blood pressure and type 2 diabetes and reducing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels can improve cardiovascular outcomes, a substantial residual risk remains existed after treatment in most patient populations. Recently, many efforts have been directed at finding the important role of low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, especially triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein (a) in the metabolism of atherosclerotic plaque formation Therefore, based on the recent evidence, identification and treatment of these risk factors may play a role in optimizing therapeutic strategy, particularly in high risk subjects along with conventional treatment. In clinical practice, adequate attention should be paid when screening and managing residual cardiovascular risk factors in dyslipidemia in term of individualized approach. The ongoing trials will give more answers to elucidate this important area.
Impacts of Environmental Parameters on the Infectivity of Freshwater Snail
Authors: Korma Erkano Wolyu
Published: October 2021

The successful transmission of the infective stage of the parasite (miracidia) depends on different factors. These free-living stages miracidia rely on their own stored energy and are directly exposed to environmental factors including disturbance resulting from pollution and human activities. There are different environmental factors that affect the cercarial infection of the snail. These include pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water hardness, habitat conditions, presence of predators and competitors, etc. Each of these factors may increase or decrease the freshwater snail’s infectivity. The more hydrogen ion concentration in the aquatic habitat could have an effect on the maturation and physiology of the parasitic stage (miracidia), leading to impaired survival and reduced infectivity. In contrast, high temperature increases snail infectivity. While low dissolved oxygen in the aquatic environment results in low snail infectivity. Regarding the presence of predators can result in low snail infectivity by consuming the schistosome egg and the snails themselves. Total hardness also had a negative impact on the prevalence of snail infection. The hardness of the water results in the shell hardening of snails subsequently leads to low infection of snail by miracidia.
Ansätze einer Phänomenologie der Performativität von (Musik-)Theatertexten am Beispiel der Übertragung des Singspiels „Die Entführung aus dem Serail“ von W. A. Mozart ins Griechische
Authors: Seibel Michael , Tsomis Georgios P.
Published: October 2021

Western theatre production processes are historically characterized by their logos-centered approach. Therefore, the text is the starting point of all creative work. In this context, the theatrical text, as a literary phenomenon, is at the forefront of the action, whereby the “performance” of the text within a performance itself is often only perceived as a “disturbing” accessory. If, however, one entertains phenomenological thoughts in relation to the aesthetic production processes in theatre, one does not refer explicitly and exclusively to a text as a mental, cognitive construction of sense and meaning; rather, one extends the aesthetic working process to all the parameters involved in the interrelated theatre production process. The resulting theatrical expression is more than just logos in the form of a text. It is logos in an extended sense, which in turn can be perceived and experienced bodily, as well as sensually by the recipient. As a consequence, the theatre artist is offered new approaches to the performative understanding of a theatrical text. In this context, such a purposeful observation and perception of a particular appearance is of decisive importance. On the basis of these phenomenological considerations for the presentation of a theatre text on stage, we examine the libretto of W. A. Mozart’s “The Abduction from the Seraglio” in order to show how a translation of the spoken dialogues (prose) of this Singspiel into Greek allows the Greek-speaking audience a performative approach to the text.
A Study of Tomato Growers' Marketing Behaviour in The Dindigul Area of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kowsalya G. , Ramakrishnan K. , Prabakaran K. , Rani A. Janaki
Published: October 2021

The present study was carried out in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India by using random sampling method with 120 respondents and data collected by well structured interview schedule. There are 8 blocks of Dindigul district (Tamil Nadu, India) out of which 4 blocks were selected on the basis of maximum area (1568 ha) and production (18002 MT). Objective of this research is to study the Marketing behaviour of tomato growers. Consumers' marketing behaviour when looking for, buying, selling, using, evaluating, and discarding products and services that they believe will meet their requirements. According to the findings, the majority of respondents (64.16 per cent) had a medium level of overall marketing behaviour, followed by 23.34 per cent of them having high and only 12.5 percent of them having low level of marketing behaviour.
The Relevance of Customized Agricultural Extension Services for Social Inclusion and Food Security: A Showcase from Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Tewodros , Vonk Remko , Diro Mulugeta , Alemu Dawit
Published: October 2021

For the last six decades, Ethiopia has been implementing different agricultural extension approaches. These approaches range from area focused comprehensive package programme which selectively targeted high potential areas to modified Training and Visit extension and the recent nationwide participatory extension System.  One thing in common in all these approaches is standardized advisory system characterised by ‘one size fits for all’ approaches which pushes selected package of technologies and extension messages to all classes of smallholder farmers. The study followed a comparative analysis of baseline and post interventions assessment using ‘one-timad extension package’ customised advisory service. One -timad extension package is exclusively designed for land constrained poor farmers on a quarter of a hectare land size with farmers preferred crop varieties, recommended fertilizer rate, practical training and Integrated Pest management. The pilots were implemented in four regional states of Ethiopia to get an insight for further engagement. The finding shows the need for advisory service to be inclusive; technology supply and services tailored to the multiple capacities and demands of different classes of small farmers. Hence, further piloting to new clients and areas is recommended for institutionalization of the approach.
Trend and Instability Index Analysis in Paddy Crop Area, Productivity and Production across District in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Katha Reddy Baswanth , Reddy M. Anji , Karunakaran K. R. , Shafeer K. B.
Published: October 2021

Paddy is the important, food grain, cereal crop, and staple food crop of India. India ranks second in production of paddy after China. This establishes the pressing need for the study of vulnerability and trend of paddy cultivation and productivity in India. Andhra Pradesh being one of the largest producers of paddy, the compound growth rate and instability in area, productivity and production of paddy in Andhra Pradesh was assessed after the remainder of the state of undivided Andhra Pradesh after bifurcation in 2014 with the jurisdiction of four Rayalaseema and nine Coastal Andhra districts. In this study, we have analyzed the trend & carried out instability index analysis in paddy crop area, productivity and production across district of Andhra Pradesh to explicate the trend in extent paddy cultivation and paddy productivity, district wise Cuddy-Della Valle-Instability Index (%) for the paddy cultivating area from 1991-92 to 2018-19, using the data collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh. We assessed district wise Cuddy-Della Valle-Instability Index (%) in paddy productivity from 1991-92 to 2018-19 and found that in Andhra Pradesh, the area of paddy cultivation, paddy productivity output has changed in the study area over the time. Between 1991-92 and 2018-19, the overall paddy growth rate of the area showed a decline of 0.5%. And growth rate of paddy productivity was 1.31% while the increase of production was 0.74%, which can be attributed to the negative impacts arising out of changing weather patterns.
Ultrafast Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation from Metal–Organic Framework to 2D Hydroxide
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Wang Yao , He Runze , Wang Xiaozheng , Shen Zheng , Han Xiaocang , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Wen Wen , Rümmeli Mark H. , Liu Pan , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei
Published: October 2021

Single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformations have received considerable interest in crystal engineering, owing to providing a key platform for creating new materials. However, because of the limited tolerance of chemical bonds against the lattice strains, it is challenging to maintain the crystallinity when the structure changes dramatically. Here, a peculiar SCSC transformation from organic crystals to inorganic crystals, simultaneously achieving a drastic change in structure, connectivity, and dimension, is reported. As a demonstration, after reacting with liquid gallium, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) can easily transform to 2D hydroxide single crystals. Interestingly, long‐range ordered metallic atoms of hydroxide inherited from the ordered atomic arrangement of ZIF‐8, but the connectivity is distinct. With good universality and extensibility, this transformation vastly expands the research scope of the SCSC transformations and provides a novel pathway for the synthesis of crystalline materials.
Predictor control for nonlinear systems actuated via transport PDEs with time/space varying propagation speeds
Authors: Cai Xiushan , Yang Jinyuan , Liu Leipo , Zhang Junfeng
Published: October 2021

We consider predictor controls for two kinds of cascaded systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and transport partial differential equations (PDEs) with time/space varying propagation speeds. Since the propagation speeds depend on time/space variables, how to get the prediction states of PDEs is a key challenge. We solve this challenge in this paper. We construct two infinite backstepping transformations to transform the original systems into target systems and design predictor controls for these two kinds of cascaded systems, respectively. We prove stability of the closed‐loop systems using Lyapunov‐like arguments and derive alternative representations of cascaded systems as nonlinear systems with time/space varying input delays and also establish equivalent predictor feedbacks for the delay systems.
Varied midlatitude shortwave cloud radiative responses to Southern Hemisphere circulation shifts
Authors: Kelleher Mitchell K. , Grise Kevin M.
Published: October 2021

Changes in midlatitude clouds as a result of shifts in general circulation patterns are widely thought to be a potential source of radiative feedbacks onto the climate system. Previous work has suggested that two general circulation shifts anticipated to occur in a warming climate, poleward shifts in the midlatitude jet streams and a poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation, are associated with differing effects on midlatitude clouds. This study examines two dynamical cloud‐controlling factors, mid‐tropospheric vertical velocity, and the estimated inversion strength (EIS) of the marine boundary layer temperature inversion, to explain why poleward shifts in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitude jet and Hadley cell edge have varying shortwave cloud‐radiative responses at midlatitudes. Changes in vertical velocity and EIS occur further equatorward for poleward shifts in the Hadley cell edge than they do for poleward shifts of the midlatitude jet. Because the sensitivity of shortwave cloud radiative effects (SWCRE) to variations in vertical velocity and EIS is a function of latitude, the SWCRE anomalies associated with jet and Hadley cell shifts differ. The dynamical changes associated with a poleward jet shift occur further poleward in a regime where the sensitivities of SWCRE to changes in vertical velocity and EIS balance, leading to a near‐net zero change in SWCRE in midlatitudes with a poleward jet shift. Conversely, the dynamical changes associated with Hadley cell expansion occur further equatorward at a latitude where the sensitivity of SWCRE is more strongly associated with changes in mid‐tropospheric vertical velocity, leading to a net shortwave cloud radiative warming effect in midlatitudes.
Evaluating the emerging opportunities and challenges from green marketing practices among Indian manufacturing industries
Authors: Mehraj Danish , Qureshi Ishtiaq Hussain
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine and compares perceptions, initiatives, and challenges perceived by manufacturing industries in India in respect of green marketing. The data were collected from a sample of 700 manufacturing industries employing a random sampling method. The present study results found that there is a high degree of acceptance of green marketing in the Indian industry, irrespective of the sector. The exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors that show green marketing practices: environmental concern, green promotional initiatives, green customer trust, and green marketing challenges. The findings suggested that all sample industries are concerned for the environment and believe that green marketing is significant for sustainable development. The study suggests that businesses should view protection of the environment as a market opportunity rather than solely as a means of complying with mounting environmental challenges and regulations. Green marketing should become the norm rather than the exception in a developing country like India. It can save the globe from environmental degradation and contribute to the long‐term growth of industries.
Co/Co2P Nanoparticles Encapsulated within Hierarchically Porous Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur Co‐doped Carbon as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Likai , Sun Yinggang , Zhang Shenzhi , Di Hexiang , Liu Qiming , Du Xin , Li Zhongfang , Yang Kai , Chen Shaowei
Published: October 2021

Developing high performance nonprecious metal‐based electrocatalysts has become a critical first step towards commercial applications of metal‐air batteries. Herein, nanocomposites based on Co/Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated within hierarchically porous N, P, S co‐doped carbon are prepared by controlled pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐67) and poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4’‐sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS). The resulting Co/Co2P@NPSC nanocomposites exhibit apparent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and evolution reaction (OER) catalytic performance, and are used as the reversible oxygen catalyst for zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations exhibit that Co2P could provide active sites for the ORR and promote the conversion between the adsorbed intermediates, and porous N,P,S co‐doped carbon with Co2P nanoparticles also improves the exposure of actives sites and endows charge transport. Liquid‐state ZABs with Co/Co2P@NPSC as the cathode catalysts demonstrate the greater power density of 198.1 mW cm−2 and a long cycling life of 50 h at 10 mA cm−2, likely due to the encapsulation of Co/Co2P nanoparticles by the carbon shell. Solid‐state ZABs also display a remarkable performance with a high peak power density of 74.3 mW cm−2. Therefore, this study indicates the meaning of the design and engineering of hierarchical porous carbon nanomaterial as electrocatalyst for rechargeable metal‐air batteries.
4D Reconstruction and Identification of Carotid Artery Stenosis Utilizing a Novel Pulsatile Ultrasound Phantom
Authors: Thurgood Harrison , Witte Russell , Laksari Kaveh
Published: October 2021

As a major application focus of vascular ultrasonography, the carotid artery has long been the subject of phantom design and procedure focus. It is therefore important to devise procedures that are minimally invasive and informative, initially using a physiologically accurate anthropomorphic phantom to validate the methodology. In this article, a novel phantom design protocol is presented that enables the efficient production of a pulsatile ultrasound phantom consisting of soft and vascular tissue mimics, as well as a blood surrogate fluid. These components when combined give the phantom high acoustic compatibility and lifelike mechanical properties. The phantom was developed using "at‐home" purchasable components and 3D printing technology. The phantom was subsequently used to develop a 4D reconstruction algorithm of the pulsing vessel in MATLAB. In pattern with recent developments in medical imaging, the 4D reconstruction enables clinicians to view vessel wall motion in a 3D space without the need for manual intervention. The reconstruction algorithm also produces measured inner luminal areas and vessel wall thickness, providing further information relating to structural properties and stenosis, as well as elastic properties such as arterial stiffness, which could provide helpful markers for disease diagnosis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Constructing a pulsatile ultrasound phantom model

Support Protocol: Creating a vascular mimic mold

Basic Protocol 2: Creating a 4D reconstruction from ultrasound frames
Evaluating Sequential Response Learning in the Rodent Operant Touchscreen System
Authors: Janickova Helena , Kljakic Ornela , Robbins Trevor W. , Saksida Lisa M. , Bussey Timothy J. , Prado Vania F. , Prado Marco A. M.
Published: October 2021

Sequential and cue‐directed response learning in rodents have been previously shown to depend on intact striatal signaling. In particular, these behaviors rely on striatal dopamine and acetylcholine release, with an impairment of sequential response learning evident in animal models with alterations in the two systems. Here we provide a protocol for testing sequential response/response chain learning using the rodent touchscreen system. Specifically, the present protocol is designed to implement the heterogeneous sequence task, adapted from Keeler et al. (2014), in the rodent touchscreen apparatus. This task has been used previously to assess complex motor learning and response selection in mice. In the following protocol, the task is performed in touchscreen‐based automated chambers with five response locations using food reinforcers to maintain performance. The sequence task requires the subject to make five nose pokes to white square stimuli appearing in five different locations sequentially from left to right. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Implementation of the heterogeneous sequence task

Support Protocol: Creation of the heterogeneous sequence task ABET II touchscreen schedule
Expression of Maf family proteins in glutamatergic neurons of the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Ito Ayako , Imamura Fumiaki
Published: October 2021

The fate of neurons in the developing brain is largely determined by the combination of transcription factors they express. In particular, stem cells must follow different transcriptional cascades during differentiation in order to generate neurons with different neurotransmitter properties, such as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. In the mouse cerebral cortex, it has been shown that large Maf family proteins, MafA, MafB and c‐Maf, regulate the development of specific types of GABAergic interneurons but are not expressed in glutamatergic neurons. In this study, we examined the expression of large Maf family proteins in the developing mouse olfactory bulb (OB) by immunohistochemistry and found that the cell populations expressing MafA and MafB are almost identical, and most of them express Tbr2. As Tbr2 is expressed in glutamatergic neurons in the OB, we further examined the expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal markers in MafA and MafB positive cells. The results showed that in the OB, MafA and MafB are expressed exclusively in glutamatergic neurons, but not in GABAergic neurons. We also found that few cells express c‐Maf in the OB. These results indicate that, unlike the cerebral cortex, MafA and/or MafB may regulate the development of glutamatergic neurons in the developing OB. This study advances our knowledge about the development of glutamatergic neurons in the olfactory bulb, and also might suggest that mechanisms for the generation of projection neurons and interneurons differ between the cortex and the olfactory bulb, even though they both develop from the telencephalon.
Agreements and controversies of national guidelines for bronchiolitis: Results from an Italian survey
Authors: Manti Sara , Licari Amelia , Brambilla Ilaria , Caffarelli Carlo , Calvani Mauro , Cardinale Fabio , Ciprandi Giorgio , Cravidi Claudio , Duse Marzia , Martelli Alberto , Minasi Domenico , Miraglia Del Giudice Michele , Pajno Giovan B. , Tosca Maria A. , Chiappini Elena , Baraldi Eugenio , Marseglia Gianluigi
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Significant variations in the management of bronchiolitis are often recorded, and, in parallel, to recommend a univocal clinical approach is challenging and still questioned. This study is aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic management of bronchiolitis in children adopted by Italian pediatricians following the national guidelines.

Material and Methods

A survey study was designed and carried out by sending an email an open‐ended questionnaire developed by an expert panel of the Scientific Board of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP). Questions were designed according to the national intersociety consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants.

Results

Overall, 234 pediatricians were taking part in the study. When diagnosing bronchiolitis, only 44.01% (103/234) of participants correctly followed the national guidelines. All participants (100%) would perform laboratory tests and/or radiological exams. 44.01% administered oxygen (O2) when O2 saturation was minor than 92%. About the therapeutic regimen, marked discrepancies between national guidelines and recorded answers were reported. Indications for hospital admission and discharge criteria were in line with the national guidelines.

Conclusions

There is a significant practice variation in the management of acute bronchiolitis among Italian physicians. Some wrong attitudes need to be further discouraged, such use of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic approaches. Further research is urgently required to define the best management of patients with bronchiolitis and implement strategies to standardize care and improve the quality of care.
Imaging Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Through MRI in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lin Zixuan , Lance Eboni , McIntyre Tiffany , Li Yang , Liu Peiying , Lim Chantelle , Fan Hongli , Tekes Aylin , Cannon Alicia , Casella James F. , Lu Hanzhang
Published: October 2021

Background

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption may lead to endothelium dysfunction and inflammation in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, abnormalities of BBB in SCD, especially in pediatric patients for whom contrast agent administration less than optimal, have not been fully characterized.

Purpose

To examine BBB permeability to water in a group of pediatric SCD participants using a non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique. We hypothesized that SCD participants will have increased BBB permeability.

Study Type

Prospective cross‐sectional.

Population

Twenty‐six pediatric participants (10 ± 1 years, 15F/11M) were enrolled, including 21 SCD participants and 5 sickle cell trait (SCT) participants, who were siblings of SCD patients.

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T. Water extraction with phase‐contrast arterial spin tagging with echo‐planer imaging, phase‐contrast and T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo.

Assessment

Water extraction fraction (E), BBB permeability‐surface area product (PS), cerebral blood flow, hematological measures (hemoglobin, hematocrit, hemoglobin S), neuropsychological scores (including domains of intellectual ability, attention and executive function, academic achievement and adaptive function, and a composite score). Regions of interest were drawn by Z.L. (6 years of experience).

Statistical Tests

Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi‐square test for group comparison of demographics. Multiple linear regression analysis of PS with diagnostic category (SCD or SCT), hematological measures, and neuropsychological scores. A two‐tailed P value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.

Results

Compared with SCT participants, SCD participants had a significantly higher BBB permeability to water (SCD: 207.0 ± 33.3 mL/100 g/minute, SCT: 171.2 ± 27.2 mL/100 g/minute). SCD participants with typically more severe phenotypes also had a significantly leakier BBB than those with typically milder phenotypes (severe: 217.3 ± 31.7 mL/100 g/minute, mild: 193.3 ± 31.8 mL/100 g/minute). Furthermore, more severe BBB disruption was associated with worse hematological symptoms, including lower hemoglobin concentrations (β = −8.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−14.69, −3.00]), lower hematocrits (β = −2.96, 95% CI [−4.84, −1.08]), and higher hemoglobin S fraction (β = 0.77, 95% CI [0.014, 1.53]).

Data Conclusion

These findings support a potential role for BBB dysfunction in SCD pathogenesis of ischemic injury.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Mapping the corticoreticular pathway from cortex‐wide anterograde axonal tracing in the mouse
Authors: Boyne Pierce , Awosika Oluwole O. , Luo Yu
Published: October 2021

The corticoreticular pathway (CRP) has been implicated as an important mediator of motor recovery and rehabilitation after central nervous system damage. However, its origins, trajectory and laterality are not well understood. This study mapped the mouse CRP in comparison with the corticospinal tract (CST). We systematically searched the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas (© 2011 Allen Institute for Brain Science) for experiments that used anterograde tracer injections into the right isocortex in mice. For each eligible experiment (N = 607), CRP and CST projection strength were quantified by the tracer volume reaching the reticular formation motor nuclei (RFmotor) and pyramids, respectively. Tracer density in each brain voxel was also correlated with RFmotor versus pyramids projection strength to explore the relative trajectories of the CRP and CST. We found significant CRP projections originating from the primary and secondary motor cortices, anterior cingulate, primary somatosensory cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. Compared with the CST, the CRP had stronger projections from each region except the primary somatosensory cortex. Ipsilateral projections were stronger than contralateral for both tracts (above the pyramidal decussation), but the CRP projected more bilaterally than the CST. The estimated CRP trajectory was anteromedial to the CST in the internal capsule and dorsal to the CST in the brainstem. Our findings reveal a widespread distribution of CRP origins and confirm strong bilateral CRP projections, theoretically increasing the potential for partial sparing after brain lesions and contralesional compensation after unilateral injury.
Applying deep learning to quantify empty lacunae in histologic sections of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Lui Elaine , Maruyama Masahiro , Guzman Roberto A. , Moeinzadeh Seyedsina , Pan Chi‐Chun , Pius Alexa K. , Quig Madison S. V. , Wong Laurel E. , Goodman Stuart B. , Yang Yunzhi P.
Published: October 2021

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disease in which inadequate blood supply to the subchondral bone causes the death of cells in the bone marrow. Decalcified histology and assessment of the percentage of empty lacunae are used to quantify the severity of ONFH. However, the current clinical practice of manually counting cells is a tedious and inefficient process. We utilized the power of artificial intelligence by training an established deep convolutional neural network framework, Faster‐RCNN, to automatically classify and quantify osteocytes (healthy and pyknotic) and empty lacunae in 135 histology images. The adjusted correlation coefficient between the trained cell classifier and the ground truth was R = 0.98. The methods detailed in this study significantly reduced the manual effort of cell counting in ONFH histological samples and can be translated to other fields of image quantification.
Diagnosis of Lumbar Transverse Process Fractures in Orthopedic Clinics Using Sonography
Authors: Maeda Manabu , Maeda Nana , Masuda Keisuke , Nagano Tatsuo , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: October 2021

Sonography is conventionally used to diagnose fractures by identifying cortical discontinuity in the bone. However, its usefulness for diagnosing lumbar transverse process fractures (LTPFs) remains unknown. In this series, we describe static and stress sonography findings during manual application of compression stress on the lateral lumbar vertebrae in 17 patients with LTPFs. Features of LTPFs on static sonography included cortical discontinuity (89.3%), hematoma (71.4%), step‐off deformity (67.9%), and focal reverberation echo (78.6%). All LTPFs were confirmed on stress sonography. Thus, stress sonography should be considered for the detection of LTPFs when there is at least one static sonographic fracture sign.