bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El giro a la izquierda y la confianza en el Estado. El proceso ecuatoriano
Authors: Plaza Martín Diana
Published: July 2016

Los liderazgos políticos de izquierda que emergieron en América Latina al iniciar el siglo xxi para responder a las crisis de las dos últimas décadas del siglo xx, tuvieron en común que buscaron devolver la confianza en las instituciones. Consignas tales como “¡Que se vayan todos!” responsabilizaban en particular a la clase política y abrían el escenario a novedosos proyectos. Esta novedad estaría en el contenido de las propuestas y en la estrategia para llegar al poder. Ante el conflicto de representación que vivían países como Ecuador, se optó por un peligroso movimiento que se reveló primero como una crisis de las instituciones, para después proponer el discurso de “volver a tener patria”. Un ejercicio que ha mantenido en el poder a la mayoría de los que “giraron a la izquierda”, tras varias victorias electorales contundentes.
Movimientismos en perspectiva comparada: peronismo y radicalismo yrigoyenista
Authors: Tcach César
Published: July 2016

Este artículo analiza el movimientismo como fórmula política y componente de la identidad de las dos principales fuerzas argentinas: el radicalismo y el peronismo. Sostiene la hipótesis de dos tipos distintos de movimientismo: uno “débil” (el radical) y otro “fuerte” (el peronista). En función de este interés centra su atención en cuatro aspectos: las culturas políticas de radicales y peronistas, los tipos de liderazgo, las fórmulas organizativas y la relación con el Estado.
Common fixed point theorem of weakly compatible maps in partial metric space
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Vashistha Sachin
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we prove a common ﬁxed point theorem using weakly compatible maps in partial metric space, which generalizes the result of Altun and Sadarangani  [12].
Specific Proposals for Innovation Teaching and Its Impact on Future Challenges for Basic Level Pupils
Authors: Mahgoub Yassir M
Published: July 2016

This paper primarily aims at exploring the impact of innovation teaching on future challenges for basic level pupils.
The descriptive analytical and experimental methods are used in this research. The researcher can put specific proposals for innovation teaching for basic level pupils.
The study sample consists of pupils totaling (20) pupils of the basic schools of the University of Khartoum - Republic of the Sudan.
Innovation and creativity are part of the essential skills that enable students to meet with future challenges, can implement a number of tips and techniques that can help students to think creatively and find solutions for future problems.
The results showed there are significant differences between the experimental group and control group before and after the test, which confirms that students of the basic schools will be more interested in the future challenges as measured by a survey given before and after the program.
The researcher recommended the Ministry of Education should develop a plan focusing on the development of the children creative abilities of the basic level pupils, because student at this level tends to invent things or find solutions.
Indígenas na história do Brasil: identidade e cultura
Authors: Almeida Neto Antônio Simplício de
Published: July 2016

Resenha de Almeida, Maria Regina Celestino deOs índios na História do BrasilRio de Janeiro: Ed. FGV, 2010. 167p.
Narrativa midiática e narrativa didática de história: caminhos entrecruzados na contemporaneidade
Authors: Wanderley Sônia
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta algumas reflexõesacerca da cultura histórica produzida/permeada pela mídia e sua influência naprodução do saber histórico escolar visandoao desenvolvimento de pesquisaaplicada em turmas de ensino fundamental.Considerando a crescente valorizaçãoda história e da memória nos espaçosda comunicação midiática e a grandecirculação dos significados produzidospor esses agentes na sociedade, torna-sefundamental o questionamento dos profissionaisda história (professores/pesquisadores)acerca da influência das narrativasdesenvolvidas por esses veículosno ensino da história escolar. Utilizo nessareflexão autores e obras tanto do campoda Comunicação quanto da História,buscando bordar com eles uma teia designificados que permita construir metodologiaspara um mapeamento da relaçãoque se estabelece entre a competêncianarrativa de uma escrita midiatizadada história e a escrita didática da história.
Para além da virtualização: a educação a distância e a revolução comunicacional no mundo contemporâneo
Authors: Abelha Cavenaghi Ana Raquel , Gonçalves André Richard
Published: July 2016

O artigo tem por objetivo sugerir que a educação a distância (EAD) é parte de um paradigma comunicacional em processo de estruturação no mundo contemporâneo. Ela deve, portanto, ser pensada a partir de elementos mais ou menos específicos e irredutíveis às questões apresentadas pela educação presencial. Como se trata de fenômeno historicamente recente, as proposições teóricas atuais parecem insuficientes para compreender a questão. Mesmo assim, utilizam-se, neste texto, certos constructos voltados especialmente para os conceitos de linguagem e convergência de mídias, bem como o conceito de paradigma. É necessário pensar a EAD considerando sua natureza específica, apresentando, em primeiro lugar, o papel dos sujeitos do conhecimento, ressaltando a atuação triádica de professores, tutores e alunos e enfatizando o processo de autonomia destes; em segundo lugar, embora gerada num novo paradigma comunicacional, a EAD deve resguardar o tempo para maturação das ideias na construção do conhecimento, mesmo num mundo de aceleração na circulação informacional
Utilização da metodologia Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) na definição de um software acadêmico para uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Oeste Catarinense
Authors: Favretto Jacir . , Nottar Luiz Alberto
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo escolher um Software de gestão acadêmica para uma Universidade localizada no Oeste de Santa Catarina. Após uma pesquisa de mercado foram pré-selecionadas três empresas potencialmente capazes de atender às necessidades da instituição, as quais foram avaliadas com base em nove critérios definidos pelos especialistas. Com este propósito, foi aplicada a metodologia de multicritério adotada AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), em função de sua flexibilidade quando relacionada a problemas de tomada de decisão. A análise revelou que os critérios confiabilidade das informações, experiência com IES, capacidade de manutenção e suporte e facilidade operacional contribuíram com mais de 76% para o alcance da meta e apontou a empresa “C” como a mais preparada para atender os interesses da Instituição.
Assessing Consistency in Radiated Thermal Output of Beef Steers by Infrared Thermography
Authors: Cook Nigel , Timsit Edouard , Colyn Jeff , Chabot Brady , Liu Tong , Wolfger Barbara , Schaefer Allan
Published: July 2016

Measurements of radiated thermal output are claimed to reflect the metabolic efficiency of mammals. This is important in food-producing animals because a measure of metabolic efficiency may translate to desirable characteristics, such as growth efficiency or residual feed intake, and permit the grouping of animals by metabolic characteristics that can be more precisely managed. This study addresses the question of whether radiated thermal parameters are characteristic of individual animals under normal and metabolically-challenging conditions. Consistency in radiated thermal output was demonstrated over a period of four weeks on condition that a sufficiently representative sample of measurements could be made on individual animals. The study provided evidence that infrared thermography could be used as an automated, rapid, and reliable tool for assessing thermoregulatory processes.
Sleep Problems and Disorders in Patients with Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Simon Edwin K. , Berki Zafeer H.K. , Gettys George C. , Vedak Chandragupta
Published: July 2016

Anxiety and its disorders cause distress that interferes with sleep and wakefulness. Insomnia appears to be the most common sleep disturbance associated with anxiety disorders. Nocturnal enuresis and sleep terrors tend to be more common in childhood anxiety disorders, such as separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism. Poor sleep quality is seen in adults with anxiety disorders such as specific phobia, social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Objective data obtained from polysomnograms support this claim in many instances. Nocturnal panic occurs frequently in patients with sleep apnea and may predispose to the development of panic disorder. Insomnia is a trait marker for depression, and may also be one for anxiety disorders. A thorough assessment of sleep difficulties should form an important part of the clinical evaluation of patients with anxiety symptoms.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(7):396–400.]
Application of RSM to Optimize Moulding Conditions for Minimizing Shrinkage in Thermoplastic Processing
Authors: Nasir S.M. , Ismail K.A. , Shayfull Z.
Published: July 2016

This study focuses on the analysis of plastic injection moulding process simulation using Autodesk Moldflow Insight (AMI) software in order to minimize shrinkage by optimizing the process parameters. Two types of gates which is single and dual gates have been analysed. Nessei NEX 1000 injection moulding machine and P20 mould material details are incorporated in this study on top of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) as a moulded thermoplastic material. Coolant inlet temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure and cooling time are selected as a variable parameter. Design Expert software is obtained as a medium for analysis and optimisation to minimize the shrinkage. The polynomial models are obtained using Design of Experiment (DOE) integrated with RSM Center Composite Design (CCD) method in this study. The results show that packing pressure is a main factor that contributed to shrinkage followed by coolant inlet temperature, while melt temperature and cooling time has less significant for both single and dual gates. Meanwhile, single gate shows a better result of shrinkage compared to the dual gates.
Study of Forging Process of Yttrium-Modified A356 Aluminum Alloy and Numerical Simulation by Thermo-Viscoplastic Finite Element Method
Authors: Kam Heng Keong , Wang Chan Chin , Lim Ying Pio , Cheong Wen Chiet
Published: July 2016

In this study, A356 aluminum alloy was heated up to semi-solid state and used as a billet for forward and backward extrusion. The workpiece will undergo solidification at the contact between billet and the tools when the material flowing through the die cavity during the semi-solid extrusion. The plasticity of A356 with 0.3wt% Y at semi-solid state was investigated by performing compression test. A numerical simulation code based on thermo-viscoplastic finite element method was developed to simulate the material flow and study the yttrium-modified A356 aluminum alloy under forward and backward extrusion. A minimum average punch strain rate is proposed for semi-solid extrusion.
Potencial de cambio en las capacidades humanas de los docentes de educación básica en la región socioeducactiva de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
Authors: Rodríguez Ramírez Irán Guadalupe
Published: July 2016

La investigación que se presenta fue desarrollada dentro del campo de los estudios regionales y con visión transdisciplinar. Tuvo como objetivo deconstruir conjuntamente con los participantes, las capacidades humanas regionales de nosotros los docentes de educación básica, en nuestros procesos de reflexión entre teoría y práctica, en los que se consideraron las condicionantes estructurales, en niveles macro y micro regionales, con el alcance de haber identificado el potencial de cambio en nuestra praxis de docente como acción ante nuestros alumnos, quienes configuran el tejido social de Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Desde una perspectiva sociocrítica, se tomó como punto de fuga o núcleo la teoría crítica con fundamento filosófico en la escuela de Fráncfort y con una postura epistemológica basada en el construccionismo por la estrecha relación sujeto-objeto en el estudio; por ende se empleó la metodología investigaciónacción a través de diversas técnicas e instrumentos. Los resultados fueron concentrados en categorías que facilitaron su discusión: primeramente con el potencial de cambio, que adquirió significado mediante el desarrollo de las capacidades de reflexión y conciencia del docente; luego se presentaron las capacidades humanas, de nosotros los docentes, en las que destacaron como base de otras, las capacidades de amor, autoestima y compromiso. Posteriormente, se describió la reflexión docente sobre la concepción del beneficio personal hacia el beneficio colectivo. Finalmente, se discutió sobre la proyección de la acción docente dentro de la relación alumno y región. Se concluyó que las capacidades humanas y el potencial de cambio, deconstruidos conjuntamente con los docentes participantes, fueron la respuesta del proceso investigativo en un determinado tiempo y espacio, como posibilidades de acción docente hacia la tan deseada transformación socioeducativa regional.
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a complication of ozone injections for chronic pain
Authors: Sofka Sarah H , Krupica Troy M
Published: July 2016

A 57-year-old female presented with encephalopathy, focal neurological findings, and possible seizure immediately after receivingan intramuscular injection of liquefied ozone to the posterior skull base. Ozone injections were being used to treat chronic neckpain and headaches. On presentation the patient was found to have a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 6. Her blood pressure washigh at 220/93 and she had a temperature of 39.5℃. Neurological exam revealed increased muscle tone in the left leg as well asan extension plantar reflex. Lab work, including lumbar puncture results, were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed findings consistent with Posterior Reversible Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). The patient’s hypertension wastreated and she significantly recovered after five days. Follow up MRI three weeks later showed interval resolution of the previousfindings, and the patient had complete return to functional baseline thereby making the diagnosis of PRES most likely. No othercases of ozone induced PRES have been reported in the literature.
Drug refractory faciobrachial dystonic seizures successfully treated with multiple apheresis
Authors: Jasti Madhu S , Pati Sandipan , Yarlagadda Vinusha
Published: July 2016

Faciobrachial dystonic epileptic seizures usually precede the cognitive impairment associated with non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis secondary to voltage gated potassium channel complex (VGKC) antibodies, specifically to leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibodies. Testing for VGKC-complex/LGI1 antibodies should be initiated with the recognition of faciobrachial dystonic seizures. This seizure subtype is refractory to treatment with the anti-epileptic drugs, but has been shown to be immunotherapy responsive. Early initiation of immunotherapy has been shown to fasten the time to recovery and also in minimizing the cognitive impairment.
Silence is not Golden: The Effects of Prohibitive Voice on Customer Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Lin Yu-Li , Liu Hsiu-Wen , Ngo Phuoc-Thi
Published: July 2016

This work analyzes the effects that service employee prohibitive voice behavior has on customer perceptions of the procedural justice received, and the consequent customer citizenship behaviors (CCB). Prohibitive voice expresses the service workers’ concern about existing or upcoming practices, events, or acts that may harm their service outcome. While this voice has been recognized as constructive and helpful to organizations, its roles regarding customer perceptions and CCB remain unexplored. Beginning with a brief review of the conceptual background of prohibitive voice, procedural justice and CCB, this paper proposes a model to test these relationships empirically. This study contributes to service research by applying the concept of “prohibitive voice” to service encounters. Implications for managing service encounters are also discussed herein.
Análisis de la revista Unión Fotográfica, órgano de difusión de los empresarios del sector y referente en la materia (1919-1924)
Authors: Sánchez Vigil Juan Miguel
Published: July 2016

Las organizaciones profesionales de fotografía surgieron en la primera década del siglo XX al objeto de defender los intereses de sus miembros, fundamentalmente los derechos de autor y la dignificación de la profesión. Los intentos por conseguir la unión de los empresarios a nivel nacional fueron varios, si bien hasta finales de 1918 no se fundó la entidad Unión Fotográfica, con cerca de doscientos socios de toda España. Para la difusión de sus actividades y el intercambio de experiencias se creó la revista Unión Fotográfica, de la que fue alma Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (Kâulak). El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la función, estructura y contenidos de la revista, su significado para el sector empresarial, así como conocer los autores y temas principales tratados, además de otros aspectos de interés para la documentación fotográfica y la historia de la fotografía.
HOLE: Swimming ... Floating ... Sinking ... Drowning
Authors: Hebdige Dick
Published: July 2016

The body in the swimming pool as metonym for trouble in paradise is a recurrent motif bordering on cliché in Hollywood/West Coast sunshine noir. Through an intermedial survey of film, TV and literary fiction, photography, design and architectural history, crime and environmental, reportage, public health and safety documents this article examines the domestic swimming pools ambiguous status as a symbol of realised utopia within the Californian mythos from the boom years of the backyard oasis in the wake of the Second World War to the era of mass foreclosures, restricted water usage and ambient dread inaugurated by 9/11, the global recession and the severest drought in the states recorded rainfall history.
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering microscopy: Recent advance in tip production
Authors: Fujita Yasuhiko , Walke Peter , De Feyter Steven , Uji-i Hiroshi
Published: July 2016

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) microscopy is a technique that combines the chemical sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy with the resolving power of scanning probe microscopy. The key component of any TERS setup is a plasmonically-active noble metal tip, which serves to couple far-field incident radiation with the near-field. Thus, the design and implementation of reproducible probes are crucial for the continued development of TERS as a tool for nanoscopic analysis. Here we discuss conventional methods for the fabrication of TERS-ready tips, highlighting the problems therein, as well as detailing more recent developments to improve reducibility. In addition, the idea of remote excitation-TERS is enlightened upon, whereby TERS sensitivity is further improved by using propagating surface plasmons to separate the incident radiation from the tip apex, as well as how this can be incorporated into the fabrication process.
Full-set mode analysis of three-mode fibers calculated from polarization components of near-field pattern
Authors: Kokubun Yasuo , Watanabe Tatsuhiko , Kawata Ryo , Morita Kohei
Published: July 2016

We propose and demonstrate a novel mode analysis method that can provide a full set of amplitudes, phases, and polarization states of guided modes including degenerate modes in few-mode fibers. The method is based on the calculation of amplitude components and phase differences from the intensity profiles that passed through a polarizer with angles of 0, 45, and 90°. The accuracies of calculation formulas are shown by simulation to be less than 10−10 for amplitudes and 10−3 rad for phase differences. The method was applied to a graded-index three-mode fiber, and the off-axis mode excitation ratio characteristics were compared with theoretical ones.
Structural analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H3‐T6SS immunity proteins
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Yun , Li Zong‐Qiang , She Zhun , Geng Zhi , Xu Jian‐Hua , Gao Zeng‐Qiang , Dong Yu‐Hui
Published: July 2016

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PldB protein is a transkingdom effector secreted by the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS). PA5088, PA5087, and PA5086 are three immunity proteins that can suppress the virulence of PldB. We report the crystal structures of PA5088 and PA5087 at 2.0 and 2.1 Å resolution, respectively. PA5088 and PA5087 both consist of several Sel1‐like Repeats (SLRs) and form super‐ring folds. Our structural analysis of these proteins revealed key differences among PA5088, PA5087, and their homologs. Our docking experiments have shed light on the putative interaction mechanism of their function as phospholipase D inhibitors.
Reported work‐related injuries and illnesses among Hispanic workers: Results from an emergency department surveillance system follow‐back survey
Authors: Tonozzi Theresa R. , Marsh Suzanne M. , Reichard Audrey A. , Bhandari Ruchi
Published: July 2016

Background

Research suggests Hispanic workers underreport injuries/illnesses to their employer.

Methods

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System—occupational supplement was used to conduct a follow‐back study of workers treated in emergency departments (EDs) from June 2012 through December 2013.

Results

An estimated 448,000 (95%CI 230,000–665,000) Hispanic workers treated in EDs for a work‐related injury or illness were represented by 362 completed interviews. Of these, an estimated 443,000 (95%CI 228,000–657,000) workers reported the injury or illness to their employer or were self‐employed. The majority had not heard of workers’ compensation. Only 10% expected workers’ compensation to cover their medical payment while 62% expected payment to be covered by their employer.

Conclusion

We characterized our respondent workforce who reported their injury or illness. We determined that NEISS‐Work data are not the most appropriate source to capture underreporting of work‐related injuries and illnesses to employers among Hispanic workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:621–629, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pool‐less processing to streamline downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Zhang Jennifer , Conley Lynn , Pieracci John , Ghose Sanchayita
Published: July 2016

With cell culture titers and productivity increasing in the last few years, pressure has been placed on downstream purification to look at alternative strategies to meet the demand of biotech products with high dose requirements. Even when the upstream process is not continuous (perfusion based), adopting a more productive and/or continuous downstream process can be of significant advantage. Due to the recent trend in exploring continuous processing options for biomolecules, several enabling technologies have been assessed at Biogen. In this paper, we evaluate the capability of one of these technologies to streamline and improve our downstream mAb purification platform. Current conventional downstream polishing steps at Biogen are operated in flow‐through mode to achieve higher loadings while maintaining good selectivity. As titers increase, this would result in larger columns and larger intermediate product pool holding tanks. A semicontinuous downstream process linking the second and third chromatography steps in tandem can reduce/eliminate intermediate holding tanks, reduce overall processing time, and combine unit operations to reduce validation burdens. A pool‐less processing technology utilizing inline adjustment functionality was evaluated to address facility fit challenges for three high titer mAbs. Two different configurations of polishing steps were examined: (i) anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction and (ii) anion exchange and mixed mode chromatography. Initial laboratory scale proof of concept studies showed comparable performance between the batch purification process and the pool‐less process configuration.
Cyberterrorism targeting the general public through social media
Authors: Ayres Nicholas , Maglaras Leandros A.
Published: July 2016

Current literature suggests that critical national infrastructure is the main focus of attack for cyberterrorism, but this research will address the issue of whether a mimetic virus would be a viable cyberterrorist attack against a target population. Statistical data was obtained from questionnaires with 100 random participants regarding their understanding and current levels of fear of a cyberterrorist attack against them; responses indicated that there was a good level of understanding as to what cyberterrorism was and that participants' fear levels of an impending attack were low. The participants were then introduced using a fabricated video clip to what they were led to believe was a real weaponised computer virus that attacked laptop batteries causing them to explode. The data showed that not only had participants' fear levels increased but also would modify future habits and behaviour. This research highlighted that the general public could indeed be a target of cyberterrorism, and a mimetic virus could be an effective method of attack. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Note on the Theology of Burial in Relation to some Contemporary Questions
Authors: Hill Christopher
Published: July 2016

Requests for exhumation are increasing. Home Office licences appear to be more easily granted than heretofore. Consistory Court applications have multiplied, as witness the case notes in this Journal, and both the Chancery Court of York in Re Christ Church, Alsager and the Arches Court of Canterbury in Re Blagdon Cemetery have given judgments on appeal. Significant articles have appeared in this Journal from Rupert Bursell and Philip Petchey.
Current Trends in Neuropathic Pain Treatments with Special Reference to Fibromyalgia
Authors: Offenbaecher Martin , Ackenheil Manfred
Published: July 2016

Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia are prevalent diseases which have major consequences on healthcare resources and the individual. From the clinical point of view neuropathic pains represent a heterogeneous group of aetiologically different diseases ranging from cancer to diabetes. Patients with fibromyalgia also display clinical features common in neuropathic pain suggesting that there might be some overlap. The mechanisms responsible for symptoms and signs in both diseases are still unknown. Recently, there have been numerous reports of various pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia with often disappointing results. Most of the studies were of short duration, had high attrition rates, and displayed other methodological problems. Some compounds had high rates of adverse effects which makes it often difficult for the patients to tolerate the treatment, especially in the long-term. At present, the best options for medication treatment are tricyclic antidepressants in lower dosage than usual in psychiatric disorders and a wide range of anticonvulsants. Opioids are sometimes recommended but have been found to have minor efficacy. Recently, there have been more controlled trials, which are reported here if they had been published between 2002 and 2004. Various compounds have been tested in different studies. Treatment of fibromyalgia, which has many features in common with depressive symptoms, became the focus of interest. New promising studies with dual serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine and milnacipram) and a newer antiepileptic drug (pregabalin) are in progress. Future research will have to apply new approaches (eg, using a mechanism based classification of neuropathic pain and carrying out studies in populations with the same symptom but not necessarily the same disease) in order to find effective treatments for these common and often debilitating diseases.
Understanding abnormal potential behaviors at the 1st charge in Li2S cathode material for rechargeable Li–S batteries
Authors: Jung Yongjo , Kang Byoungwoo
Published: July 2016

In this study, electrochemical behaviors of Li2S such as a large potential barrier at the beginning of the 1st charging process and a continuous increase in potential to ∼4 V during the rest of this process were understood through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and electrochemical evaluations for a full utilization of Li2S.
Influence of PPH dendrimers' surface functions on the activation of human monocytes: a study of their interactions with pure lipid model systems
Authors: Ielasi F. , Ledall J. , Anes A. Perez , Fruchon S. , Caminade A.-M. , Poupot R. , Turrin C.-O. , Blanzat M.
Published: July 2016

The influence of surface functions on the interactions between PPH dendrimers and human monocytes is discussed on the basis of complementary biological and physicochemical studies on membrane models.
Ultrasonic-induced nanocomposites with anatase@amorphous TiO2 core–shell structure and their photocatalytic activity
Authors: Fan Chenyao , Fu Xinxin , Shi Lin , Yu Siqi , Qian Guodong , Wang Zhiyu
Published: July 2016

Anatase@amorphous TiO2 core–shell structure nanocomposites were obtained through ultrasonic irradiation on hydrothermally synthesized anatase nanocrystals. The optimized research of the phase proportion revealed the effects of disorder phase.
Prevalence and predictors of bias in the reporting of primary efficacy and toxicity endpoints in randomized clinical trials of radiation oncology
Authors: Tan Teng Hwee , Chen Desiree , Soon Yu Yang , Tey Jeremy Chee Seong
Published: July 2016

Introduction

To determine the prevalence and predictors of bias in reporting of primary efficacy and toxicity endpoints in randomized trials (RCTs) of radiation oncology.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE for eligible RCTs published from January 1994 to October 2014. Bias in reporting of primary efficacy endpoint was defined as reporting that treatment was beneficial based on secondary endpoints despite a statistically non‐significant difference in primary endpoint. Bias in reporting of toxicity endpoint was defined as not reporting toxicity findings in the abstract, discussion or results table. Logistic regression multivariate models were used to determine predictors of biased reporting.

Results

We found that 13% of 323 RCTs have bias in the reporting of primary efficacy endpoint with non‐cooperative group trials as a significant predictor of bias (odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–4.00, P = 0.04). Thirty‐five per cent of 279 RCTs were judged to have bias in the reporting of toxicity endpoint with trials not listed in Clinicaltrials.gov as a significant predictor of bias (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.43–7.14, P = 0.004).

Conclusion

The prevalence of bias in reporting of primary efficacy and toxicity endpoint for radiotherapy RCTs was 13% and 35% respectively. Non‐cooperative group trials were more likely to have bias in the reporting of primary efficacy endpoint. Trials not listed in Clinicaltrials.gov were more likely to have bias in the reporting of toxicity endpoint.
Isocapnic hyperventilation shortens washout time for sevoflurane – an experimental in vivo study
Authors: Hallén K. , Stenqvist O. , Ricksten S.‐E. , Lindgren S.
Published: July 2016

Background

Isocapnic hyperventilation (IHV) is a method that fastens weaning from inhalation anaesthesia by increasing airway concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) during hyperventilation (HV). In an animal model, we evaluated a technique of adding CO2 directly to the breathing circuit of a standard anaesthesia apparatus.

Methods

Eight anaesthetised pigs weighing 28 ± 2 kg were intubated and mechanically ventilated. From a baseline ventilation of 5 l/min, HV was achieved by doubling minute volume and fresh gas flow. Respiratory rate was increased from 15 to 22/min. The CO2 absorber was disconnected and CO2 was delivered (DCO2) to the inspiratory limb of a standard breathing circuit via a mixing box. Time required to decrease end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration from 2.7% to 0.2% was defined as washout time. Respiration and haemodynamics were monitored by blood gas analysis, spirometry, electric impedance tomography and pulse contour analysis.

Results

A DCO2 of 261 ± 19 ml/min was necessary to achieve isocapnia during HV. The corresponding FICO2‐level remained stable at 3.1 ± 0.3%. During IHV, washout of sevoflurane was three times faster, 433 ± 135 s vs. 1387 ± 204 s (P < 0.001). Arterial CO2 tension and end‐tidal CO2, was 5.2 ± 0.4 kPa and 5.6 ± 0.4%, respectively, before IHV and 5.1 ± 0.3 kPa and 5.7 ± 0.3%, respectively, during IHV.

Conclusions

In this experimental in vivo model of isocapnic hyperventilation, the washout time of sevoflurane anaesthesia was one‐third compared to normal ventilation. The method for isocapnic hyperventilation described can potentially be transferred to a clinical setting with the intention to decrease emergence time from inhalation anaesthesia.
Diagnostic accuracy of urine Helicobacter pylori antibody test in junior and senior high school students in Japan
Authors: Mabe Katushiro , Kikuchi Shogo , Okuda Masumi , Takamasa Mitsuharu , Kato Mototsugu , Asaka Masahiro
Published: July 2016

Background

To prevent gastric cancer, a Helicobacter pylori test‐and‐treat strategy has been proposed. In Japan, routine urine examinations are performed to screen for kidney diseases; it is therefore convenient to screen for H. pylori infection via urine antibody (u‐Ab) testing.

Aim

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of u‐Ab testing in students using 13C‐urea breath testing (UBT) as a standard.

Methods

The study population included 806 junior or senior high school students in Japan who provided urine samples and/or underwent UBT. Students with a positive u‐Ab test or discrepant results between the u‐Ab test and UBT were asked to provide additional stool and/or blood samples or to repeat the UBT. Urinary protein was detected using a urine test strip.

Results

The positive rates for the u‐Ab test and UBT were 8.9% (71/795) and 5.5% (44/801), respectively. The u‐Ab test showed 88.4% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity using UBT as a standard. In the final diagnoses, the u‐Ab test showed 97.6% sensitivity, 96.5% specificity, 61.2% positive predictive value (PPV), and 99.9% negative predictive value (NPV). Of the 508 samples tested using a urine test strip, negative results were obtained for 450 subjects with a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 97.9%, PPV of 66.7%, and NPV of 99.5%. Proteinuria was detected in 58 samples, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 88.9%, PPV of 40%, and NPV of 100%.

Conclusions

The u‐Ab test is highly accurate and suitable for detecting H. pylori infection. However, the occurrence of proteinuria may yield false‐positive results.
Histological features associated with diagnostic agreement in atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast: illustrative cases from the B‐Path study
Authors: Allison Kimberly H , Rendi Mara H , Peacock Sue , Morgan Tom , Elmore Joann G , Weaver Donald L
Published: July 2016

Aims

This study examined the case‐specific characteristics associated with interobserver diagnostic agreement in atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) of the breast.

Methods and results

Seventy‐two test set cases with a consensus diagnosis of ADH from the B‐Path study were evaluated. Cases were scored for 17 histological features, which were then correlated with the participant agreement with the consensus ADH diagnosis. Participating pathologists’ perceptions of case difficulty, borderline features or whether they would obtain a second opinion were also examined for associations with agreement. Of the 2070 participant interpretations of the 72 consensus ADH cases, 48% were scored by participants as difficult and 45% as borderline between two diagnoses; the presence of both of these features was significantly associated with increased agreement (P < 0.001). A second opinion would have been obtained in 80% of interpretations, and this was associated with increased agreement (P < 0.001). Diagnostic agreement ranged from 10% to 89% on a case‐by‐case basis. Cases with papillary lesions, cribriform architecture and obvious cytological monotony were associated with higher agreement. Lower agreement rates were associated with solid or micropapillary architecture, borderline cytological monotony, or cases without a diagnostic area that was obvious on low power.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that pathologists frequently recognize the challenge of ADH cases, with some cases being more prone to diagnostic variability. In addition, there are specific histological features associated with diagnostic agreement on ADH cases. Multiple example images from cases in this test set are provided to serve as educational illustrations of these challenges.
The dark side of “doing the right thing”: regulatory mode predicts the inaction inertia effect
Authors: Zhang ShiLei , Liu Huixia , Shi Rui
Published: July 2016

The inaction inertia effect refers to the idea that when people miss out on an initial opportunity, they are prone to stay inactive afterward. However, little is known about how personality relates to inaction inertia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of regulatory mode in the inaction inertia effect. Study 1 found that an assessment mode positively predicts inaction inertia while a locomotion mode is not related to inaction inertia. Study 2 replicated this finding in a different scenario. Study 3 found that priming assessment mode (compared with locomotion mode) predicts inaction inertia. Implications of how regulatory mode influences inaction inertia are discussed.
Importance of coalescent development of Gracilaria sp. tetraspores
Authors: Yu Ruixue , Lin Apeng , Xie Xiujun , Wang Hui , Zhang Fu , Liu Guangzhou , Wang Guangce , Lin Cunguo
Published: July 2016

Gracilaria spp. are dominant macroalgae inhabiting the intertidal zone and are exposed to constant wave action and currents. In wild Gracilaria populations, fronds tend to occur in clusters, being grouped close to one another on the shore. It is rare to find thalli growing individually, but the reason for such a clustering development is unknown. In this study we traced the early development of tetraspores of Gracilaria sp. and examined the adhesion strength of discs. We recorded two different tetraspore‐derived disc developmental patterns: in the first pattern, individual tetraspores developed into discs; whereas in the second pattern, multiple tetraspores that had attached in proximity to each other, coalesced to form a single composite disc during early development. We found that more uprights grew from coalesced discs and that the attachment areas of coalesced discs were larger compared with those of individual discs. The adhesion strengths of coalesced discs and individual discs were analyzed. The retention percentage of coalesced discs after treatment with rapid water flow was higher than that of individual discs, suggesting that coalesced discs are better able to withstand wave flow when compared with single‐spore discs. Based on these results, we propose that the clustering of Gracilaria sp. plants at sites within the intertidal zone is a mechanism that enables this macroalgae to survive the wave action and currents that occur in this zone, and that plant recruitment in these areas is enhanced by the coalescence of holdfast discs during early development.
Turbulence Modeling of Cavitating Flows in Liquid Rocket Turbopumps
Authors: Mani Karthik V. , Cervone Angelo , Hickey Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2016

An accurate prediction of the performance characteristics of cavitating cryogenic turbopump inducers is essential for an increased reliance on numerical simulations in the early turbopump design stages of liquid rocket engines (LRE). This work focuses on the sensitivities related to the choice of turbulence models on the cavitation prediction in flow setups relevant to cryogenic turbopump inducers. To isolate the influence of the turbulence closure models for Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, four canonical problems are abstracted and studied individually to separately consider cavitation occurring in flows with a bluff body pressure drop, adverse pressure gradient, blade passage contraction, and rotation. The choice of turbulence model plays a significant role in the prediction of the phase distribution in the flow. It was found that the sensitivity to the closure model depends on the choice of cavitation model itself; the barotropic equation of state (BES) cavitation models are far more sensitive to the turbulence closure than the transport-based models. The sensitivity of the turbulence model is also strongly dependent on the type of flow. For bounded cavitation flows (blade passage), stark variations in the cavitation topology are observed based on the selection of the turbulence model. For unbounded problems, the spread in the results due to the choice of turbulence models is similar to noncavitating, single-phase flow cases.
Efficient GPU rendering of subdivision surfaces using adaptive quadtrees
Authors: Brainerd Wade , Foley Theresa , Kraemer Manuel , Moreton Henry , Nießner Matthias
Published: July 2016

We present a novel method for real-time rendering of subdivision surfaces whose goal is to make subdivision faces as easy to render as triangles, points, or lines. Our approach uses standard GPU tessellation hardware and processes each face of a base mesh independently, thus allowing an entire model to be rendered in a single pass. The key idea of our method is to subdivide the
u, v
domain of each face ahead of time, generating a quadtree structure, and then submit one tessellated primitive per input face. By traversing the quadtree for each post-tessellation vertex, we are able to accurately and efficiently evaluate the limit surface. Our method yields a more uniform tessellation of the surface, and faster rendering, as fewer primitives are submitted. We evaluate our method on a variety of assets, and realize performance that can be three times faster than state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, our streaming formulation makes it easier to integrate subdivision surfaces into applications and shader code written for polygonal models. We illustrate integration of our technique into a full-featured video game engine.
Real-time polygonal-light shading with linearly transformed cosines
Authors: Heitz Eric , Dupuy Jonathan , Hill Stephen , Neubelt David
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we show that applying a linear transformation---represented by a 3 x 3 matrix---to the direction vectors of a spherical distribution yields another spherical distribution, for which we derive a closed-form expression. With this idea, we can use any spherical distribution as a base shape to create a new family of spherical distributions with parametric roughness, elliptic anisotropy and skewness. If the original distribution has an analytic expression, normalization, integration over spherical polygons, and importance sampling, then these properties are inherited by the linearly transformed distributions.

By choosing a clamped cosine for the original distribution we obtain a family of distributions, which we call
Linearly Transformed Cosines
(LTCs), that provide a good approximation to physically based BRDFs and that can be analytically integrated over arbitrary spherical polygons. We show how to use these properties in a realtime polygonal-light shading application. Our technique is robust, fast, accurate and simple to implement.
Working together to implement a Pre-Qualifying Skills Passport in Wales: Report of a pilot project
Authors: Darra Susanne , Wyn-Davies Janine , Edgerton Lynne , Morse Nan , Thomas Grace
Published: July 2016

Midwives are required to undertake a wide range of hands-on skills. Immediately upon qualification, they will be expected to use these skills safely and effectively as part of their practice. Therefore, student midwives must be supported to develop competence and confidence in such skills. Currently, many practical midwifery skills are not specifically identified in the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2009 ) Standards for pre-registration midwifery education. Over time, it has become clear that some midwives were qualifying from universities in Wales and entering their new posts feeling unprepared to undertake a number of important midwifery skills, such as the administration of intramuscular vitamin K to babies. This article describes how heads of midwifery education and lead midwives for education worked together with heads of midwifery to develop and implement an All Wales Midwifery Pre-Qualifying Skills Passport, to address these shortcomings.
Intercalation predicts improved academic performance across the medical undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Muthalagappan Seethalakshmi , Wheeler India , Bruton Rachel , Stewart Paul , Roberts Lesley
Published: July 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Intercalation has significant costs and students need to balance these with information about potential benefit. Thus this study sought to identify whether undertaking an intercalated degree impacted upon exam performance in the primary medical qualification. Methods: Retrospective case-matched data analyses of anonymised student databases from the University of Birmingham Medical School. 171 students who intercalated, were matched for MBChB performance with students from the same cohort who did not intercalate. Individual student change in overall year mark (percentage), between two consecutive years of the MBChB, was compared between groups. Results: There was a significant difference (t(170)=4.095, p<0.001) in change in mark in the intercalation group (mean improvement = 4.48, SD = 6.16) compared with the non-intercalation group (mean improvement = 2.11, SD = 5.04). Intercalation within the home institution, earlier in the MBChB degree and female gender also had positive effects on change in mark. Conclusion: Students from the University of Birmingham who undertook an intercalated degree demonstrated significant improvements in academic performance. This finding supports evidence from other single institution studies and confirms positive impact of intercalation. Threats to financial support for intercalated degrees may therefore be detrimental in the education of tomorrow's doctors.