bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERO1α promotes testosterone secretion in hCG‐stimulated mouse Leydig cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Fenglei , Wang Yujing , Liu Qinguang , Hu Jiahui , Jin Jiaqi , Ma Zhiyu , Zhang Jinlong
Published: January 2020

ER oxidoreduclin 1α (ERO1α) is an oxidase, participating in formation of secretory and membrane proteins. However, the other physiological functions ERO1α is not well known. We found that ERO1α is high in the Leydig cells of the testis. Therefore, the purposes of the current study are to explore the role of ERO1α and the possible mechanisms in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone secretion of Leydig cells. ERO1α was mainly localized in Leydig cells in the adult mice testes by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot analysis showed that ERO1α was higher in Leydig cells than that in the seminiferous tubules. The effect of ERO1α on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone secretion was detected by transducing ERO1α overexpression and knockdown lentiviruses into cultured primary Leydig cells (PLCs) together with hCG exposure. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ERO1α promoted cell proliferation by increasing cell distribution at the S phase and decreasing that at the G0/G1 phase. Western bolt analysis showed that ERO1α increased CDK2 and CDK6 expression. Cell apoptosis determination found that ERO1α inhibited PLC apoptosis. Western bolt analysis showed that ERO1α increased the ratio of BCL‐2/BAX, and decreased BAD and Caspase‐3 expression. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analysis demonstrated that ERO1α enhanced testosterone secretion. Western bolt analysis found that ERO1α increased StAR, 3β‐HSD, and CYP17A1 expression. Furthermore, ERO1α could activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, these results suggest that ERO1α might play proliferation promotion and antiapoptotic roles and enhance testosterone secretion in PLC, at least partly, via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Activation of CB2R with AM1241 ameliorates neurodegeneration via the Xist/miR‐133b‐3p/Pitx3 axis
Authors: He Xiaolie , Yang Li , Huang Ruiqi , Lin Lijuan , Shen Yijue , Cheng Liming , Jin Lingjing , Wang Shilong , Zhu Rongrong
Published: January 2020

Activation of cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2R) by AM1241 has been demonstrated to protect dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) animals. However, the specific mechanisms of the action of the CB2R agonist AM1241 for PD treatment have not been characterized. Wild‐type (WT), CB1R knockout (CB1‐KO), and CB2R knockout (CB2‐KO) mice were exposed to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 1 week to obtain a PD mouse model. The therapeutic effects of AM1241 were evaluated in each group. Behavioral tests, analysis of neurotransmitters, and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that AM1241 ameliorated PD in WT animals and CB1‐KO animals. However, AM1241 did not ameliorate PD symptoms in CB2‐KO mice. RNA‐seq analysis identified the lncRNA Xist as an important regulator of the protective actions of AM1241. Specifically, AM1241 allowed WT and CB1‐KO animals treated with MPTP to maintain normal expression of Xist, which affected the expression of miR‐133b‐3p and Pitx3. In vitro, overexpression of Xist or AM1241 protected neuronal cells from death induced by 6‐hydroxydopamine and increased Pitx3 expression. The CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 alleviated PD via regulation of the Xist/miR‐133b‐3p/Pitx3 axis, and revealed a new approach for PD treatment.
miR‐26a attenuates cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis by targeting ataxia–telangiectasia mutated in myocardial infarction
Authors: Chiang Ming‐Hsien , Liang Chan‐Jung , Lin Lung‐Chun , Yang Yi‐Fan , Huang Ching‐Chang , Chen Ying‐Hsien , Kao Hsien‐Li , Chen Yu‐Chen , Ke Shin‐Rong , Lee Chiang‐Wen , Lin Mao‐Shin , Chen Yuh‐Lien
Published: January 2020

Apoptosis and fibrosis play a vital role in myocardial infarction (MI) induced tissue injury. Although microRNAs have been the focus of many studies on cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in MI, the detailed effects of miR‐26a is needed to further understood. The present study demonstrated that miR‐26a was downregulated in ST‐elevation MI (STEMI) patients and oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD)‐treated H9c2 cells. Downregulation of miR‐26a was closely correlated with the increased expression of creatine kinase, creatine kinase‐MB and troponin I in STEMI patients. Further analysis identified that ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM) was a target gene for miR‐26a based on a bioinformatics analysis. miR‐26a overexpression effectively reduced ATM expression, apoptosis, and apoptosis‐related proteins in OGD‐treated H9c2 cells. In a mouse model of MI, the expression of miR‐26a was significantly decreased in the infarct zone of the heart, whereas apoptosis and ATM expression were increased. miR‐26a overexpression effectively reduced ATM expression and cardiac apoptosis at Day 1 after MI. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐26a improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis by the reduced expression of collagen type I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in mice at Day 14 after MI. Overexpression of miR‐26a or ATM knockdown decreased collagen I and CTGF expression in cultured OGD‐treated cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these data demonstrate a prominent role for miR‐26a in linking ATM expression to ischemia‐induced apoptosis and fibrosis, key features of MI progression. miR‐26a reduced MI development by affecting ATM expression and could be targeted in the treatment of MI.
Spontaneous external jugular vein pseudoaneurysm treated by thrombin injection: Case report and literature review
Authors: Dogan Sebahat N. , Kazcı Zeynep N. , Kavuncu Selen B. , Bayrak Aylin H.
Published: January 2020

Although external jugular vein (EJV) aneurysms are infrequent, regardless of etiology, spontaneous pseudoaneurysms (PAs) are extremely rare and generally require surgery. We describe a case of spontaneous PA of the EJV, which was successfully treated by percutaneous thrombin injection.
Morphine consumption during pregnancy exacerbates neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia injury in rats
Authors: Bornavard Morad , Fanaei Hamed , Mirshekar Mohammad Ali , Farajian Mashhadi Farzaneh , Atashpanjeh Alireza
Published: January 2020

Objective

Hypoxia‐Ischemia (HI) is the most common cause of death and disability in human infants. The use of opiate in pregnant women affects their children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine consumption during pregnancy and lactation on vulnerability to neonatal HI in rats.

Materials and methods

Female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1‐Rats that did not receive any treatment during pregnancy and lactation and Group 2‐Rats that received morphine during pregnancy and lactation. After delivery, male offspring were divided into four groups including: (a) SHAM, (b) SHAM/Morphine (SHAM/MO), (c) HI, (d) HI/Morphine (HI/MO). Seven days after HI induction, neurobehavioral tests were performed, and then, brain tissue was taken from the skull to measure cerebral edema, infarct volume, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Results

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and BDNF levels in the HI/MO group were significantly lower than HI and SHAM groups. TNF‐α, C‐reactive protein and total oxidant capacity levels in the HI/MO group were significantly higher than HI and SHAM groups. Cerebral edema and infarct volume in the HI/MO group were significantly higher than the HI group.

Conclusion

Based on the results, morphine consumption during pregnancy and lactation enhanced the deleterious effects of HI injury in pups.
Light microscopy of Pakistani Berberis leaf cuticles and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Saeed‐ur Rahman , Khan Shujaul Mulk , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Khan Raees , Khalid Muhammad , Nan Hui , Jan Farooq , Kayani Sadaf‐Ilyas , Hussain Sajad
Published: January 2020

Taxonomy of the genus Berberis is quite complex, due to overlapping morphological characters, making it very difficult to differentiate the species within the genus. In order to resolve this taxonomic complexity, the foliar anatomy of 10 Berberis L. species was carried out, for the first time from Pakistan, using light microscopy (LM). Significant variation in terms of epidermal cells shape, size, cell wall pattern, and stomata type was observed. B. baluchistanica has the largest epidermal cells, Adaxial: length = 45–(53.9 ± 3.6)–62.5 μm; and width = 22.5–(26.3 ± 1.3)–30 μm; Abaxial: length = 37.5–(43.25 ± 2.5)–50 μm; and width = 20–(22.6 ± 0.8)–25. The highest number of stomata was observed in B. glaucocarpa as 62 on the abaxial surface while the lowest number of stomata was recorded in B. baluchistanica as 8 on the adaxial surface. Of 10 investigated species, 6 possess anomocytic type stomata, while 2 species that is, B. aitchisonii and B. parkeriana have both anomocytic and anisocytic stomata while B. baluchistanica and B. calliobotrys have only paracytic type stomata. The highest number of cells per unit area was present on the adaxial surface of B. calliobotrys ranging from 245–(252.4)–260 followed by B. parkeriana with 209–(227.8)–250 on the abaxial surface. Stomatal index (SI) also varied considerably and was the lowest (2.6) percentage in B. baluchistanica and highest (31.9) percentage in B. kunawurensis. A taxonomic key based on micro‐morphological characters is provided for species identification.
Current practice in mammographic imaging of the augmented breast in Australia
Authors: O'Keefe Jacquelyn R , Wilkinson Jenny Maree , Spuur Kelly Maree
Published: January 2020

Aim

This study seeks to document the imaging series used in contemporary Australian practice for imaging the augmented breast, with a secondary focus on differences in practice and opinion between BreastScreen Australia and diagnostic imaging services.

Methods

A SurveyMonkey link was distributed through the Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (ASMIRT) and was assessable during December 2017 and January 2018. The questionnaire investigated: years of experience, facility type and location, image acquisition systems, appointment times, patients imaged per week, technique and imaging series used, use of limited compression views, rationale for variation in imaging series and the use of ultrasound. Descriptive statistics were produced for all variables with chi‐squared tests used for comparisons between categorical variables.

Results

The most frequently used series was the eight‐image Eklund ID technique 64% and 59% (submuscular) and 68% and 58% (subglandular) for BSA and diagnostic services, respectively. Eighteen different combinations of projections were reported with eight combinations common to both subglandular and submuscular imaging. The majority of participants attributed imaging series preferences to dose reduction and radiologist preference.

Conclusion

This research has demonstrated varied approaches to the routine imaging of women with breast implants and identified the need for the establishment of dedicated evidence‐based imaging protocols to ensure that regardless of which setting a woman attends that they receive standardised imaging with minimal dose and maximum breast coverage. This is a reassurance that is not applicable to current practice.
Coronavirus infections and immune responses
Authors: Li Geng , Fan Yaohua , Lai Yanni , Han Tiantian , Li Zonghui , Zhou Peiwen , Pan Pan , Wang Wenbiao , Hu Dingwen , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Qiwei , Wu Jianguo
Published: January 2020

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive‐sense RNA viruses having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved Coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, maladjusted immune responses may result in immunopathology and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between Coronaviruses and the innate immune systems of the hosts may shed light on the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and hopefully can reduce the risk of lung inflammation caused by CoVs. In this review, we provide an update on CoV infections and relevant diseases, particularly the host defense against CoV‐induced inflammation of lung tissue, as well as the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment.
Reversible stochastic computing
Authors: Khanday Farooq A. , Akhtar Romisa
Published: January 2020

Stochastic computing is reemerging as one of the alternative technique of conventional binary computing for error tolerant, low‐power, and low resource applications. In the recent past, several works have been reported for the implementation of stochastic circuits. All these works have been carried out using irreversible gates or Boolean functions as building blocks, which will not be supported in the near future for the power efficient realizations due to Landauer principle. Therefore, it is timely to consider the reversible stochastic computing design. Till date, as per the author's best knowledge, no work has been reported on the reversible stochastic computing. Besides, no work has been reported on the study of feasibility of existing reversible gates for stochastic computing. In this paper, reversible gates have been examined for their stochastic operations in unipolar, bipolar, and inverse bipolar formats. In addition, some novel universal reversible gates are proposed, which are well suited for reversible stochastic computing using these formats. Finally, the implementation of reversible two‐input linear neuron using the proposed reversible gates has been demonstrated.
Hip joint kinematics and segment coordination variability according to pain and structural disease severity in hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Hall Michelle , Fox Aaron , Bonacci Jason , Metcalf Ben R. , Pua Yong H. , Diamond Laura E. , Allison Kim , Wrigley Tim V. , Bennell Kim L.
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to evaluate hip joint kinematic variability and segment coordination variability during walking according to pain and radiographic disease severity in people with hip osteoarthritis. Fifty‐five participants with hip osteoarthritis had pain severity assessed during walking using an item on the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (no pain = 10; mild pain = 28; moderate pain = 17). Radiographic disease severity was graded by Kellgren and Lawrence scale (KL2 = 29; KL3 = 21; KL4 = 5). Hip kinematics variability was estimated as the curve coefficient of variation. Vector coding was used to calculate coordination variability for select joint couplings. One‐way analysis of variances with planned adjusted post hoc comparisons were used to compare hip kinematics variability and coordination variability of select segment couplings (pelvis sagittal vs thigh sagittal; pelvis frontal vs thigh frontal; pelvis transverse vs thigh transverse; thigh sagittal vs shank sagittal; thigh frontal vs shank sagittal; thigh transverse vs shank sagittal) according to pain and radiographic disease severity. No main effect of pain severity was observed for sagittal or transverse plane hip kinematic variability (P ≥ .266), and although there was a main effect for frontal plane hip kinematic variability (P = .035), there were no significant differences when comparing between levels of pain severity (P > .006). There was no main effect of radiographic disease severity on hip kinematic variability in the sagittal (P = .539) or frontal (P = .307) plane. No significant differences in coordination of variability of segment couplings were observed (all P ≥ .229). Movement variability as assessed in this study did not differ according to pain severity during walking or radiographic disease severity.
Searching practices and inclusion of unpublished studies in systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Korevaar Daniël A. , Salameh Jean‐Paul , Vali Yasaman , Cohen Jérémie F. , McInnes Matthew D. F. , Spijker René , Bossuyt Patrick M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Many diagnostic accuracy studies are never reported in full in a peer‐reviewed journal. Searching for unpublished studies may avoid bias due to selective publication, enrich the power of systematic reviews, and thereby help to reduce research waste. We assessed searching practices among recent systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

We extracted data from 100 non‐Cochrane systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy indexed in MEDLINE and published between October 2017 and January 2018 and from all 100 Cochrane systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy published by December 2018, irrespective of whether meta‐analysis had been performed.

Results

Non‐Cochrane and Cochrane reviews searched a median of 4 (IQR 3‐5) and 6 (IQR 5‐9) databases, respectively; most often MEDLINE/PubMed (n = 100 and n = 100) and EMBASE (n = 81 and n = 100). Additional efforts to identify studies beyond searching bibliographic databases were performed in 76 and 98 reviews, most often through screening reference lists (n = 71 and n = 96), review/guideline articles (n = 18 and n = 52), or citing articles (n = 3 and n = 42). Specific sources of unpublished studies were searched in 22 and 68 reviews, for example, conference proceedings (n = 4 and n = 18), databases only containing conference abstracts (n = 2 and n = 33), or trial registries (n = 12 and n = 39). At least one unpublished study was included in 17 and 23 reviews. Overall, 39 of 2082 studies (1.9%) included in non‐Cochrane reviews were unpublished, and 64 of 2780 studies (2.3%) in Cochrane reviews, most often conference abstracts (97/103).

Conclusion

Searching practices vary considerably across systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy. Unpublished studies are a minimal fraction of the evidence included in recent reviews.
Advancing patient age is associated with worse outcomes in low‐ and intermediate‐grade primary chondrosarcoma of the pelvis
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Witten Brent G. , Hevesi Mario , Griffin Anthony M. , Salduz Ahmet , Wenger Doris E. , Sim Franklin H. , Ferguson Peter C. , Rose Peter S. , Wunder Jay S.
Published: January 2020

Background

Conventional primary pelvic chondrosarcoma often presents as a low‐ or intermediate‐grade tumor in older patients. Although this is the most common variant of pelvic chondrosarcoma, studies examining treatment outcomes are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with these tumors to determine their outcomes of treatment.

Methods

Seventy‐three patients (grade I [n = 19, 26%] and grade II [n = 54, 74%]) were reviewed including 55 (75%) males and 18 (25%) females, with a mean age of 51 (range, 17‐81) years and follow‐up of 9 ± 5 years.

Results

The 10‐year disease‐specific survival was 71%. Grade II disease (hazard ratio [HR], 6.74; P = .04) and age ≥50 years (HR, 3.97; P = .02) was associated with death due to disease. The 10‐year local recurrence‐ and metastatic‐free survival were 79% and 72%. Of the patients with a local recurrence (n = 11), 7 (64%) recurred at a higher histological grade. Patient age ≥50 years was associated with local recurrence (HR, 10.03; P = .02) and metastatic disease (HR, 4.20; P = .02).

Conclusion

Advancing patient age was an independent risk factor for worse survival and disease recurrence. Tumors often recurred locally at a higher grade and as such wide local excision remains the treatment of choice for these tumors.
Quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with HPLC fingerprint qualitative analyses for comprehensive evaluation of Aurantii Fructus
Authors: Lei Yating , Wang Yuanqing , Sun Zhicheng , Lin Meiyu , Cai Xiong , Huang Dan , Luo Kun , Tan Shihan , Zhang Ye , Yan Jianye , Xia Xinhua
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to develop a strategy involving quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint qualitative analysis for performing the quality control of Aurantii Fructus. The content of 12 components (eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, meranzin, poncirin, naringenin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and auraptene) in samples was determined using reliable relative correction factors that were obtained using naringin as an internal reference standard. The new method demonstrated good applicability, and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Qualitative evaluation of samples was conducted using similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and quality fluctuation analysis. Chromatographic fingerprint data were divided into three groups by similarity and hierarchical cluster analyses, and seven components may have a more significant impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus in quality fluctuation analysis. Overall, the study suggests that the qualitative and quantitative analyses of multicomponents using quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control and providing technical support for the further pharmacological and pharmaceutical research of Aurantii Fructus.
Are we approaching a post‐monolithic era?
Authors: Urban Jiří
Published: January 2020

Thirty years after their introduction, monolithic stationary phases are an important member of chromatographic phases. When compared to conventional particulate materials, the continuous internal structure of both inorganic silica and organic polymer monoliths allows some hydrodynamic and analytical possibilities that are not provided by conventional particulate stationary phases. Polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases offer simple preparation and straightforward surface modification, which makes them very versatile materials that are applicable, for example, as chromatographic stationary phases, sample enrichment units, enzymatic reactors, and external trigger‐responding materials. On the other hand, current polymer monoliths cannot compete with efficiency provided by superficially porous and sub 2 µm particles. In this highlight article, I take advantage of the 30th anniversary of their introduction to discuss several concerns related to polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases. Particularly, I focus on preparation repeatability, porous properties, swelling of the polymers in organic solvents, column efficiency for small molecules, and heterogeneity of dominant flow‐through pores. In the end, I offer three possible approaches on how to overcome drawbacks related to stationary phases heterogeneity to further increase the applicability of polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases.
Effect of time relaxations on the carrier heating of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Flayyih Ahmed H. , Mohammed Firas S. , Al‐Khursan Amin H.
Published: January 2020

Carrier temperature in InAs quantum dot (QD) optical amplifiers has been formalized theoretically by using the double‐excited states system. High current injection gives high carrier temperature and a punch in the curve appears at low current due to the ground state carrier contribution. Increasing carrier‐heating time increased carrier temperature. It is shown the slow relaxation for both the wetting layer to QD and the interdot relaxations are given high carrier temperature. Pulses with wide full width at half‐maximum give high carrier temperature since its recovery time is increased. Free carrier absorption gives a main contribution to the heat in the QD structure.
Dual‐polarized filtering antenna with harmonic suppression for base station applications
Authors: Chang Yu‐Lin , Chu Qing‐Xin
Published: January 2020

A dual‐polarized filtering antenna (DPFA) with high‐order harmonics suppression for 690‐960 MHz based station applications is proposed in this letter. The proposed DPFA is obtained by integrating a miniaturized lowpass filter with a ±45° dual‐polarized antenna (DPA) which made by two crossed dipoles. With the miniaturized lowpass filter, harmonic suppression is easily achieved by the proposed DPFA without increase its size. The experimental results which agree with the computer simulations show that wide impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −15 dB) of 43.2% (690‐1070 MHz) and harmonic suppression frequency up to 4.5 GHz are realized. In the operating frequency band (690‐960 MHz), port‐to‐port isolation of more than 35 dB, cross‐polarization discrimination of more than 27 dB, 3‐dB beamwidth of 68.8° ± 2.1°, efficiency of more than 82%, and stable gain of 8.2 ± 0.5 dBi are obtained by the proposed DPFA. In addition, radiation suppression of more than 18 dB in the interference bands (1690‐2690 MHz and 3300‐3800 MHz) is obtained.
An efficient analytical model for microstrip spurline band‐stop filter design
Authors: Agarwal Shobit , Sharma Ashwani
Published: January 2020

An efficient analytical model to design wideband microstrip spurline band‐stop filter (BSF) is proposed. The geometrical parameters of the BSFs are optimized using simulation for the entire range of the desired operating frequency (1‐5 GHz) and the results indicated relatively inferior performance of the filters designed using conventional analytical model. Whereas, in the proposed model, a mathematical function is found by curve fitting of the optimal data set of geometrical parameters optimized by simulation. Therefore, the filters designed using the proposed model achieve almost optimal performance in terms of rejection ratio, bandwidth, and so on, and a better match between desired and actual operating frequency as compared with the conventional design model. To corroborate the claims, the filter prototypes designed using the proposed and conventional models are fabricated and tested. The measured results showed agreement with the simulation results and proved effectiveness of the proposed analytical model to design spurline BSF. The error limit for the proposed model is found within ±0.005% of the optimal design.
A microstrip bandpass filter with 2 independently tunable transmission zeros
Authors: Cheng Fei , Li Xuan‐Tan , Lu Ping , Huang Kama
Published: January 2020

This letter presents a new design method for a tunable bandpass filter with independently and widely tunable transmission zeros (TZs). Varactor‐loaded microstrip resonators are introduced to a fixed bandpass filter to realize the continuously tunable TZs. Although the tunable resonators have unloaded Q lower than 100, the insertion loss of the filter is not increased. The coupling matrix with the lossy resonators is synthesized and used to analyze the characteristic of the TZ‐tunable filter. A bandpass filter centered at 2 GHz with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 230 MHz is designed to validate the design concept. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results. The fabricated filter has 2 TZs ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 GHz and from 2.28 to 3.08 GHz, respectively. The TZ‐tunable filter exhibits insertion losses ranging from 1.62 dB to 1.93 dB at the center frequency. The center frequency and bandwidth keep nearly unchanged when the TZs are tuned.
Physical imaging phantoms for simulation of tumor heterogeneity in PET, CT, and MRI: An overview of existing designs
Authors: Valladares Alejandra , Beyer Thomas , Rausch Ivo
Published: January 2020

Background

In oncology, lesion characterization is essential for tumor grading, treatment planning, and follow‐up of cancer patients. Hybrid imaging systems, such as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)/CT, Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT, or PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play an essential role for the noninvasive quantification of tumor characteristics. However, most of the existing approaches are challenged by intra‐ and intertumor heterogeneity. Novel quantitative imaging parameters that can be derived from textural feature analysis (as part of radiomics) are promising complements for improved characterization of tumor heterogeneity, thus, supporting clinically relevant implementations of personalized medicine concepts. Nevertheless, establishing new quantitative parameters for tumor characterization requires the use of standardized imaging objects to test the reliability of results prior to their implementation in patient studies.

Methods

In this review, we summarize existing reports on heterogeneous phantoms with a focus on simulating tumor heterogeneity. We discuss the techniques, materials, advantages, and limitations of the existing phantoms for PET, CT, and MR imaging modalities.

Conclusions

Finally, we outline the future directions and requirements for the design of cross modality imaging phantoms.
Genetic Improvement of North American Atlantic Salmon and the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica at the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center
Authors: Peterson Brian C , Burr Gary S , Pietrak Michael R , Proestou Dina A
Published: January 2020

United States marine aquaculture industries, which consist primarily of molluscan shellfish and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar were valued at US$192 million in 2016. Coldwater marine aquaculture production has great potential for expansion, and both Atlantic Salmon and eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica are widely accepted as seafood by American consumers. Commercial salmon and oyster producers predominantly use stocks that are not many generations removed from wild, unselected stocks, so there is a need for continuous support to this industry through breeding programs. The National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center (NCWMAC) is the only long-term program for developing genetically improved salmon and tools for the genetic improvement of eastern oysters in support of the U.S. coldwater marine aquaculture industry. The objectives of the program are to (1) expand and optimize approaches for multitrait selection in Atlantic Salmon and (2) advance genetic improvement technologies for the eastern oyster. Heritabilities for fillet color and fat, sea lice resistance, and growth of Atlantic Salmon were determined. The average gutted carcass weight for the genetically improved salmon was 5.91 kg/fish compared with 3.19 kg/fish for the control strain. The purpose of this article is to describe the current status of the NCWMAC research programs and summarize recent genetics gains.
Practices of pica among pregnant women in a tertiary healthcare facility in Ghana
Authors: Konlan Kennedy Diema , Abdulai Juliana Asibi , Konlan Kennedy Dodam , Amoah Roberta Mensima , Doat Abdul‐Razak
Published: January 2020

Aim

This study assessed the practice of pica among pregnant women in the Ho Teaching Hospital.

Design

Descriptive cross‐sectional.

Methods

Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 286 pregnant women. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis.

Result

Of the 286 pregnant women, 21.2% and 17.8% considered white clay and ice respectively as nutritious. Prevalence of pica was 47.5%, while 44.9% of pregnant women who practised pica reported they feel uncomfortable when they do not eat pica as 63.3% considered intake of pica as harmful. Among women who received education against pica practice, 49.4% have ever taken pica as 50.9% of them with education on effects of pica were currently engaged in the activity (χ2 = 1.93 p = .17).

Conclusion

Health professionals, especially midwives must intensify education on effects of pica among pregnant women.
Disease detection methodologies in relapsed B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Opportunities for improvement
Authors: Shalabi Haneen , Yuan Constance M. , Kulshreshtha Amita , Dulau‐Florea Alina , Salem Dalia , Gupta Gaurav K. , Roth Mark , Filie Armando C. , Yates Bonnie , Delbrook Cindy , Derdak Joanne , Mackall Crystal L. , Lee Daniel W. , Fry Terry J. , Wayne Alan S. , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Shah Nirali N.
Published: January 2020

Background

Accurate disease detection is integral to risk stratification in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The gold standard used to evaluate response in the United States includes morphologic evaluation and minimal residual disease (MRD) testing of aspirated bone marrow (BM) by flow cytometry (FC). This MRD assessment is usually made on a single aspirate sample that is subject to variability in collection techniques and sampling error. Additionally, central nervous system (CNS) assessments for ALL include evaluations of cytopathology and cell counts, which can miss subclinical involvement.

Procedure

We retrospectively compared BM biopsy, aspirate, and FC samples obtained from children and young adults with relapsed/refractory ALL to identify the frequency and degree of disease discrepancies in this population. We also compared CNS FC and cytopathology techniques.

Results

Sixty of 410 (14.6%) BM samples had discrepant results, 41 (10%) of which were clinically relevant as they resulted in a change in the assignment of marrow status. Discrepant BM results were found in 28 of 89 (31.5%) patients evaluated. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) FC identified disease in 9.7% of cases where cytopathology was negative.

Conclusions

These results support further investigation of the role of concurrent BM biopsy, with aspirate and FC evaluations, and the addition of FC to CSF evaluations, to fully assess disease status and response, particularly in patients with relapsed/refractory ALL. Prospective studies incorporating more comprehensive analysis to evaluate the impact on clinical outcomes are warranted.
Pure pediatric ovarian immature teratomas: The French experience
Authors: Pavone Rossana , Dijoud Frederique , Galmiche Louise , Ro Vathanaksambath , Hameury Frederic , Sarnacki Sabine , Orbach Daniel , Briandet Claire , Pasquet Maryline , Bertrand Amandine , Fresneau Brice , Faure‐Conter Cécile
Published: January 2020

Objective

To describe characteristics and outcome of pediatric ovarian immature teratomas (IT) to better define the place of chemotherapy.

Methods

Children with ovarian IT enrolled in TGM95 and TGM2013 studies were analyzed. Norris grading and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system were used.

Results

Thirty‐six cases were identified with a median age of 11 years (range = 1‐18): 35 of 36 stage I (17 stage IA, 13 stage IC, and 5 stage IX), including seven patients with gliomatosis peritonei (GP), and 1 stage IIIB (IT peritoneal implants). Centrally reviewed Norris grading was performed in 31 cases: 14 grade I and 17 grade II/III tumors. All patients underwent upfront surgery: 19 unilateral oophorectomy, 14 unilateral adnexectomy, 2 unilateral cystectomy, and 1 bilateral cystectomy. No extensive GP surgery was performed. Six patients received adjuvant vinblastin, bleomycin, and cisplatinum because of tumor rupture (n = 5, including two patients with GP) or stage III (n = 1). After a median follow‐up of 39.5 months (range = 6‐238), two events occurred 10 and 11 months after diagnosis: one bilateralization (initial stage IX, grade I) and one IT peritoneal relapse (initial stage IA, grade II), respectively. Both were successfully rescued by platinum‐based chemotherapy and delayed surgery. No stage IC patients treated without adjuvant chemotherapy relapsed (four grade I and three grade III). None of the seven patients with GP progressed. Five‐year event‐free survival and overall survival were 94% (95% CI = 81‐98%) and 100%.

Conclusions

The current series confirms the excellent prognosis of pediatric ovarian IT, arguing for conservative surgical approach in GP and against systematic adjuvant chemotherapy, even in ruptured tumors.
Ruxolitinib salvage therapy is effective for steroid‐refractory graft‐versus‐host disease in children: A single‐center experience
Authors: Uygun Vedat , Karasu Gülsün , Daloğlu Hayriye , Öztürkmen Seda , Kılıç Suar Çakı , Yalçın Koray , Çelen Safiye Suna , Hazar Volkan , Yeşilipek Akif
Published: January 2020

Background

Despite the increasing performance of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation over the last decades, graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of ruxolitinib against GVHD has been demonstrated in adult studies; however, very few studies have been conducted in children.

Procedure

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ruxolitinib in 29 children with steroid‐refractory acute or chronic GVHD. Twenty‐five (87%) patients received at least three different immune modulator agents, including methylprednisolone, before initiating ruxolitinib.

Results

All grade 2 acute GVHD patients completely responded to ruxolitinib treatment; 82% of high‐grade (3‐4) acute GVHD patients and 80% of chronic GVHD (moderate‐severe) patients had at least a partial response. Of seven patients with bronchiolitis obliterans, five had a partial response after ruxolitinib. Of 29 patients, 22 were administered steroids at any time in the first month of acute GVHD or the first three months of chronic GVHD during ruxolitinib usage, which was significantly tapered by the end of the observation period.

Conclusion

Steroid‐refractory acute and chronic pediatric GVHD patients treated with ruxolitinib had a high overall response rate, with the additional benefit of steroid sparing.
A new longipinane ketone from Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis.: chemical transformation of the essential oil enables the identification of a minor constituent
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Mladenović Marko Z. , Ristić Milenko N. , Dekić Vidoslav S. , Dekić Biljana R. , Ristić Novica R.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Minor plant constituents are difficult to identify due to the challenging isolation and acquiring of reliable spectral data. Essential oils abound in such minor constituents that might be of high importance for their (e.g. olfactory) properties. The presence of new minor constituents is usually inferred from gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses that provide only a mass spectrum and retention data, which are insufficient to allow a positive identification.

Objective

To identify a minor unknown constituent of the essential oil of Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis. (Asteraceae).

Methodology

The application of chemical transformations (oxidation and reduction) performed directly on crude essential‐oil samples, followed by preparative chromatography and detailed spectral analysis, to identify a new longipinane ketone from the mentioned sample.

Results

GC‐MS analyses of the essential oil revealed, among other constituents, the presence of a known rare longipinane alcohol (α‐longipinen‐7β‐ol) representing 2.5% of the total GC‐peak areas, and a related unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpene (3.8%). Interpretation of their mass spectra led to an assumption that the unidentified one could represent α‐longipinen‐7‐one. Oxidation of the entire essential‐oil sample by pyridinium chlorochromate confirmed the assumed relationship among the compounds and gave a simplified enriched mixture containing the ketone (ca. 16%). A straightforward chromatographic separation of the ketone was followed by corroboration of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (one‐ and two‐dimensional), infrared (IR) and MS.

Conclusions

The complementing use of chemical transformations of crude essential oils, chromatographic separations, and detailed spectral analysis could have a more general application in the identification of new natural products.
Utility of chromosomal microarray for diagnosis in cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis
Authors: Mardy Anne H. , Rangwala Naseem , Hernandez‐Cruz Yessenia , Gosnell Kristen A. , Gonzalez Juan M. , Norton Mary E. , Sparks Teresa N.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is recommended in the diagnostic evaluation of cases with fetal structural anomalies when invasive testing is pursued. However, the utility of CMA for nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) specifically is not well known. Our objective was to describe the overall yield of CMA in the diagnostic evaluation of NIHF, comparing isolated cases to those with concurrent structural anomalies.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of all prenatally diagnosed NIHF cases evaluated at the University of California, San Francisco from 2008 to 2018. NIHF due to twin‐twin transfusion syndrome was excluded.

Results

There were 131 cases of prenatally diagnosed NIHF. In 43/44 cases with a CMA performed, results were categorized as normal or likely benign. One case was found on CMA to have a large pathogenic duplication of 21p11.2q22.3, which could have been detected by karyotype and was consistent with a diagnosis of Down syndrome. There was no incremental yield demonstrated for CMA over karyotype.

Conclusions

Among a cohort of prenatally diagnosed NIHF cases, CMA did not identify any copy number variants beyond those detectable by karyotype, and the vast majority of CMAs were normal. These results suggest that CMA has low diagnostic utility for NIHF.
Outcome of fetal echogenic bowel: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: D'Amico Alice , Buca Danilo , Rizzo Giuseppe , Khalil Asma , Silvi Claudia , Makatsariya Alexander , Nappi Luigi , Liberati Marco , D'Antonio Francesco
Published: January 2020

The main aim of this systematic review was to explore the outcome of fetuses with isolated echogenic bowel (EB) on antenatal ultrasound. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies with isolated EB no associated major structural anomalies at the time of diagnosis. The outcomes observed were: chromosomal anomalies, cystic fibrosis (CF), associated structural anomalies detected only at follow‐up scans and at birth, regression during pregnancy, congenital infections, intra‐uterine (IUD), neonatal (NND) and perinatal (PND) death. Twenty‐five studies (12 971 fetuses) were included. Chromosomal anomalies occurred in 3.3% of the fetuses, mainly Trisomy 21 and aneuploidies involving the sex chromosomes. Cystic fibrosis occurred in 2.2%. Congenital infections affected 2.2%, mainly congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The majority of fetuses with EB experienced regression or disappearance of the EB at follow‐up scans. Associated anomalies were detected at a follow‐up scan in 1.8%. Associated anomalies were detected at birth and missed at ultrasound in 2.1% of cases. IUD occurred in 3.2% of cases while the corresponding figures for NND and PND were 0.4% and 3.1%. Fetuses with EB are at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome, highlighting the need for a thorough antenatal management and postnatal follow‐up. Assessment during pregnancy and after birth should be performed in order to look for signs of fetal aneuploidy, congenital infections and associated structural anomalies.
Psychological Comparison Processes and Self–Concept in Relation to Five Distinct Frame–Of–Reference Effects: Pan–Human Cross–Cultural Generalizability over 68 Countries
Authors: Marsh Herbert W. , Parker Philip D. , Guo Jiesi , Pekrun Reinhard , Basarkod Geetanjali
Published: January 2020

The concept of self is central to personhood, but personality research has largely ignored the relevance of recent advances in self–concept theory: multidimensionality of self–concept (focusing instead on self–esteem, an implicit unidimensional approach), domain specificity (generalizability of trait manifestations over different domains), and multilevel perspectives in which social–cognitive processes and contextual effects drive self–perceptions at different levels (individual, group/institution, and country) aligned to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. Here, we provide theoretical and empirical support for psychological comparison processes that influence self–perceptions and their relation to distal outcomes. Our meta–theoretical integration of social and dimensional comparison theories synthesizes five seemingly paradoxical frame–of–reference and contextual effects in self–concept formation that occur at different levels. The effects were tested with a sample of 485,490 fifteen–year–old students (68 countries/regions, 18,292 schools). Consistent with the dimensional comparison theory, the effects on math self–concept were positive for math achievement but negative for verbal achievement. Consistent with the social comparison theory, the effects on math self–concept were negative for school–average math achievement (big–fish–little–pond effect), country–average achievement (paradoxical cross–cultural effect), and being young relative to year in school but positive for school–average verbal achievement (big–fish–little–pond effect—compensatory effect). We demonstrate cross–cultural generalizability/universality of support for predictions and discuss implications for personality research. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
Carrier transport and surface potential over phase variations in the surface and bulk of highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
Authors: Kim Juran , Kim Jayeong , Ko Eunji , Yoon Seokhyun , Sim Jun‐Hyoung , Yang Kee‐Jeong , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Kang Jin‐Kyu , Song Yu Jin , Jeon Chan‐Wook , Jo William
Published: January 2020

We report highly efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin films with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.3% at their surface and interface. The structural and electrical properties were locally investigated, using scanning probe microscopy and micro‐Raman scattering, to improve the performance of kesterite solar cells. Interestingly, this research reports quite different results from the conventional kesterite solar cells, owing to the observance of undesirable voids and secondary phases. Nonetheless, the solar cells exhibit a high PCE of over 12%. Thus, we probe the kesterite solar cells as a function of the depth and introduce a mechanical dimple‐etching process. The relatively low melting temperature of the pure‐metal precursors results in the unique properties within the solar cell materials. Understanding these phenomena and their effects on carrier behavior enables the achievement of a higher PCE and better performance for kesterite solar cells.
Supporting the career development of gifted students: New role and function for school psychologists
Authors: Smith Carol Klose , Wood Susannah M.
Published: January 2020

The American ethos that you can be whatever you want to be has not always been a helpful adage for gifted students. Gifted students require career counseling to understand the world of work, and to identify their interests and values in addition to their already‐identified talents. Academic planning and career development for gifted students is an important and complex process that requires thoughtful consideration. School psychologists have the skills and abilities to provide valuable career development services to gifted students. The authors explore the unique challenges and career development needs of gifted students and provide suggestions for interventions.
Removing the Hidden Data Dependency of DIA with Predicted Spectral Libraries
Authors: Van Puyvelde Bart , Willems Sander , Gabriels Ralf , Daled Simon , De Clerck Laura , Vande Casteele Sofie , Staes An , Impens Francis , Deforce Dieter , Martens Lennart , Degroeve Sven , Dhaenens Maarten
Published: January 2020

Data‐independent acquisition (DIA) generates comprehensive yet complex mass spectrometric data, which imposes the use of data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) libraries for deep peptide‐centric detection. Here, it is shown that DIA can be redeemed from this dependency by combining predicted fragment intensities and retention times with narrow window DIA. This eliminates variation in library building and omits stochastic sampling, finally making the DIA workflow fully deterministic. Especially for clinical proteomics, this has the potential to facilitate inter‐laboratory comparison.