bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
John Paul II's vision of the social economy
Authors: O'Boyle Edward J.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

John Paul II's views on economic systems have been construed differently by some commentators who have been seeking approval for their own views rather than searching for the meaning that he himself intends to convey. John Paul is labeled by many as favoring capitalism, and by others as supporting socialism. A few have been scrutinizing his statements in hopes of finding support for a “third‐way.” In this paper, John Paul is quoted at length to represent his views more accurately.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper originated in a collection of essays on the theme of John Paul II's vision of the social economy that was published by the International Journal of Social Economics in fall 1998. This author is indebted to the contributors to that collection for many insights into John Paul's vision. Eight topics are covered: consumption, distribution, capital investment, work as such, leisure, labor, development, and market economy versus command economy. This paper uses many more direct quotes than is customary in scholarly work, but there is no other way to proceed and remain faithful to John Paul's vision of the social economy.

Findings

John Paul's writings on economic affairs are significant for what they teach about the premises employed in economics. His own philosophy of the human person reinforces the four premises of personalist economics more so than the premises of the mainstream and challenges the mainstream at its foundations in the philosophy of individualism.

Research limitations/implications

John Paul speaks to a wide range of issues and questions central to economics and economic affairs. It would be presumptuous to represent this paper as a thorough examination of everything that John Paul has said, written, and means in this regard.

Practical implications

This paper attempts to highlight some of the key arguments that John Paul II has set forth on eight centrally important economic topics, comparing and contrasting his pronouncements with the views of mainstream economists on the same topics.

Originality/value

This paper draws on the insights of 20 professional colleagues specialized in range of subdisciplines in economics, holding faculty positions at major universities in the USA, Italy, and Canada, and with a strong interest in understanding the social economy. The concluding section states John Paul's vision of the social economy in terms of 13 most important arguments.
Electronic resource management systems: the need and the realization
Authors: Sadeh Tamar , Ellingsen Mark
Published: May 2005

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an overview of the trends and standards in electronic‐resource management (ERM).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines the challenges that rapid growth in the number of electronic resources and in the complexity of managing e‐collections has posed for libraries, and traces the progress in developing tools and setting standards to address such challenges. Particular emphasis is given to the work of the Digital Library Federation Electronic Resource Management Initiative (DLF ERMI) to develop ERM systems not only for managing e‐collections throughout their life cycle but also for aiding collection‐development decision making. The integration of such systems in existing library environments and the mechanisms that make such integration possible are highlighted. Finally, the paper describes the collaborative process through which one vendor, Ex Libris, designed its ERM system, Verde.

Findings

Collaboration between vendors and customers – in this example, Ex Libris and its users – combined with attentiveness to industry initiatives and standards can lead to a system design that responds to the demanding and rapidly changing requirements of the e‐resource world and builds on the software infrastructure already available at libraries.

Originality/value

This discussion will help librarians who struggle with the challenge of e‐resource management to set their expectations about the potential of future tools to assist them in their tasks.
Visualizing occupancy of library study space with GIS maps
Authors: Xia Jingfeng
Published: May 2005

Purpose

This research seeks to observe the occupancy of study areas in a university library over a period of several months with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of library resources usage.

Design/methodology/approach

In undertaking the research, study facilities of a library, such as chairs, sofas, carrels, and tables, were first drawn as features on maps using a GIS application. Geospatial databases were then created to store data of occupancy of the facilities by library users, which were observed by the author. On connecting records in the databases to features on the maps, GIS functions were explored to analyze observed data and exhibit the analytical results on the maps.

Findings

The findings of this research challenge the predominant opinion that insists that academic library users have a preference of study carrels over tables for studying. Instead, the research reveals that student users tend to select tables to study, especially tables equipped with electrical and internet connections. At the same time, group study rooms are overwhelmingly welcomed.

Practical implications

This research demonstrates the potential of GIS technology for assisting library operations with regard to study space management. With GIS, libraries can have an automation tool to record their daily activities, analyze the data, and exhibit the analysis on maps for better understanding.

Originality/value

This is an experimental work. Librarians may find it useful in managing the activities of their library and helpful in providing information for space rearrangement and service enhancement.
Ethical leadership: professional challenges and the role of LIS education
Authors: Winston Mark
Published: May 2005

Purpose

This article seeks to address the need for ethical and informed leadership in professions in general and library and information science in particular, and the challenges of professional education in library and information science in providing a theoretical basis for professional work that incorporates an understanding of ethical principles.

Design/methodology/approach

The article provides an overview and analysis of ethical leadership issues in a range of international, organizational and individual circumstances. While the private and public sectors provide a frame of reference for considering library and information science education, the nature of the professional values in library and information services is also presented. In addition, the research related to limitations in ethical decision‐making ability among individuals is presented, in highlighting the need for educational approaches that support conscious consideration of biases and application of ethical principles.

Findings

There are significant challenges associated with educating future leaders about the importance of ethics, based on the competing motivations of professionals and managers, the complexity associated with ethical decision making, and the limitations of the knowledge base associated with ethical decision making. The published research suggests that a thoughtful and informed approach is needed in order to prepare graduates for their roles as ethical leaders in library and information services organizations.

Practical implications

In addition to the many incentives to make unethical choices in the face of competition and demands for performance and success, there is the need for decision makers to be conscious of the pitfalls associated with ethical decision making. Such an awareness is enhanced by educational programs that emphasize the nature of ethical principles and the importance of an informed approach to leadership and decision making.

Originality/value

This article addresses the ethical leadership challenges facing individuals and organizations in the public and private sectors, higher education and libraries and identifies the legislative, regulatory, and organizational approaches that have been undertaken to encourage ethical decision making. The challenges and responses provide a framework for considering ethical leadership and decision making in library and information services and in library and information science education.
Literacy, aliteracy, and lifelong learning
Authors: Agee Jim
Published: May 2005

Purpose

This conceptual paper aims to discuss a few concerns in the title categories of literacy, aliteracy, and lifelong learning and illuminates the scholarly concern about a global population increase of people who either are unable to read or are uninterested in reading.

Design/methodology/approach

The juxtaposition of discussion about the three title categories and conclusions excerpted from the literature about these categories shows the predicament of the person today who is ill‐prepared in basic literacy. The predicament includes the individual's lack of ability to read, write, or reason; but also their limited capacity for successfully engaging technology or future lifelong learning. A discussion of marginalized populations relates how marginalized groups are unable to participate fully in their societies. Regardless of economic, gender, religious, or other reasons for group marginalization, members of these groups often suffer from illiteracy as well.

Findings

It is concluded that librarians who encourage development of reading and writing can make significant contributions to the profession, local cultures, and the global community.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on the immediate and long‐term problem of illiteracy. It is intended to motivate librarians across the globe by providing information about the effects of illiteracy on individuals or marginalized groups.
Diffusion of community information networks inNew Zealand public libraries
Authors: Anh Tran Lan
Published: May 2005

Purpose

This research seeks to extend our understanding of how community information networks (CINs) are used by public libraries in New Zealand, and to assess key factors in adoption of the internet for CINs. It also aims to explore the application of a particular theory to the diffusion of CINs in one particular library through internet connectivity and, through this theory (diffusion of innovation), to assess the conditions which make these networks feasible.

Design/methodology/approach

Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with five key CIN staff of one NZ public library as a means of gathering data on the perceptions, motivation and attitudes of those directly involved in developing and managing the CIN. From the data gathered, the research has analysed the potential influences on the adoption of CINs, including the attributes of innovation in public libraries. This is based on the attributes of an innovation in Rogers’ theory of diffusion of innovation.

Findings

The research findings are summarised from staff discussions during the interviews, including research propositions related to the first research question, i.e. “can Rogers' diffusion of innovation model be applied to the diffusion of CINs in public libraries”, and findings from staff interviews related to the second research question – “What are major attributes that have affected CIN adoption in the case study library?”

Research limitations/implications

Some attributes based on Rogers' theory were positive, while a few others were not clearly perceived by practitioners, and this needs to be addressed by more careful distinctions being made between the categories in any future research.

Originality/value

This research provides knowledge in developing community information services for librarians, students, and researchers, and anyone else interested in this issue. Additionally, it can serve as a model of using the theory of diffusion of innovation.
Fluxless plasma bumping of lead‐free solders and the reliability effects of under bump metallization thickness
Authors: Kwon Moon Joon , Zhou Y. , Pil Jung Jae
Published: May 2005

Purpose

To investigate fluxless plasma ball bumping and effect of under bump metallization (UBM) thickness on joint properties using lead‐free solders.

Design/methodology/approach

A fluxless soldering process was investigated in this study using Ar‐10 percent H2 plasma reflow. Balls made from two lead‐free solders (Sn‐3.5 weight percent Ag and Sn‐3.5 weight percent Ag‐0.7 weight percent Cu) were reflowed and, also Sn‐37 weight percent Pb as a reference. In particular, the effects of the UBM thickness on the interfacial metallurgical bonding and joint strength were studied. The UBM (Au/Cu/Ni/Al layers) thicknesses were 20 nm/0.3 μm/0.4 μm/0.4 μm and 20 nm/4 μm/4 μm/0.4 μm, respectively.

Findings

The experimental results showed that in the case of a thin UBM the shear strengths of the soldered joints were relatively low (about 19‐27 MPa) due to cracks observed along the bond interfaces. The thick UBM improved joint strength to 32‐42 MPa as the consumption of the Cu and Ni layers by reaction with the solder was reduced and hence the interfacial cracks were avoided. To provide a benchmark, reflow of the solders in air using flux was also carried out.

Originality/value

This paper provides information about the effect of UBM thickness on joint strength for plasma fluxless soldering to researchers and engineers.
Microstructural investigation of lead‐free BGAs soldered with tin‐lead solder
Authors: Grossmann Günter , Tharian Joy , Jud Pascal , Sennhauser Urs
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The goal of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of soldering tin‐silver‐copper balled BGAs using tin‐lead‐based solder and to investigate the influence of different production parameters on the microstructure of the solder joint.

Design/methodology/approach

The soldering of the BGAs was done with various temperature profiles and two conveyor speeds under a nitrogen atmosphere in a full convection oven. One specimen from each temperature/time combination was cross‐sectioned. The cross sections were analysed with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) at 30 kV and focused ion beam microscopy (FIB).

Findings

The cross sections show a metallurgical bond between the solder and the tin‐silver‐copper balls of the BGA, even at a peak reflow temperature of 210°C. However, the balls alloy only partially with the solder, as the liquidus of tin‐silver‐copper balls is 217°C. As soon as the peak temperature exceeds the liquidus of the ball, the solder is totally dissolved in the material of the ball. A reflow profile with a peak temperature of about 230°C on the BGA gives a homogenous reaction of the solder with the ball with a minimum formation of voids.

Research limitations/implications

The dependence of varying reflow parameters on reliability requires detailed study. Especially the effect of a partially melted ball on the degradation of the solder joint needs to be investigated.

Originality/value

From the findings, it can be said that soldering lead‐free balls with tin‐lead solder is possible. This is useful during the transitional period that the industry is in at the moment. More and more component manufacturers are changing their components to lead‐free, often without notice to the customer. If a production line is still running a tin‐lead process it is essential to know how to process these components with tin‐lead solder.
A systematic procedure for the selection of a lead‐free solder paste in an electronics manufacturing environment
Authors: Wable Girish S. , Chu Quyen , Damodaran Purushothaman , Srihari Krishnaswami
Published: May 2005

Purpose

Historically, tin‐lead solder has been a commonly used joining material in electronics manufacturing. Environmental and health concerns, due to the leaching of lead from landfills into ground water, have necessitated legislation that restricts the use of lead in electronics. The transition from tin‐lead solder to a lead‐free solder composition is imminent. Several alternative solder alloys (and their fluxes) have been researched for electronics assembly in the last few years. The objective of this research was to develop a systematic selection process for choosing a “preferred” lead‐free solder paste, based on its print and reflow performance.

Design/methodology/approach

After a detailed study of industry preferences, published experimental data, and recommendations of various industrial consortia, a near eutectic tin‐silver‐copper (SAC) composition was selected as the preferred alloy for evaluation. Commercially available SAC solder pastes with a no‐clean chemistry were extensively investigated in a simulated manufacturing environment. A total of nine SAC pastes from seven manufacturers were evaluated in this investigation. A eutectic Sn/Pb solder paste was used as a baseline for comparison. While selecting the best lead‐free paste, it was noted that the selected paste has to perform as good as, if not better than, the current tin‐lead paste configuration used in electronics manufacturing for a particular application. The quality of the solder pastes was characterized by a series of analytical and assembly process tests consisting of, but not limited to, a printability test, a solder ball test, a slump test, and post reflow characteristics such as the tendency to form voids, self‐centring and wetting ability.

Findings

Each paste was evaluated for desirable and undesirable properties. The pastes were then scored relative to each other in each individual test. An aggregate of individual test scores determined the best paste.

Originality/value

This paper summarizes a systematic approach adopted to evaluate lead‐free solder pastes for extreme reflow profiles expected to be observed in reflow soldering lead‐free boards.
The effect of curing on the performance of ACF bonded chip‐on‐flex assemblies after thermal ageing
Authors: Rizvi M.J. , Chan Y.C. , Bailey C. , Lu H. , Sharif A.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

Anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is now an attractive technology for direct mounting of chips onto the substrate as an alternative to lead‐free solders. However, despite its various advantages over other technologies, it also has many unresolved reliability issues. For instance, the performance of ACF assembly in high temperature applications is questionable. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of bonding temperatures on the curing of ACFs, and their mechanical and electrical performance after high temperature ageing.

Design/methodology/approach

In the work presented in this paper, the curing degree of an ACF at different bonding temperatures was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter. The adhesion strength and the contact resistance of ACF bonded chip‐on‐flex assembly were measured before and after thermal ageing and the results were correlated with the curing degree of ACF. The ACF was an epoxy‐based adhesive in which Au‐Ni coated polymer particles were randomly dispersed.

Findings

The results showed that higher bonding temperatures had resulted in better ACF curing and stronger adhesion. After ageing, the adhesion strength increased for the samples bonded at lower temperatures and decreased for the samples bonded at higher temperatures. ACF assemblies with higher degrees of curing showed smaller increases in contact resistance after ageing. Conduction gaps at the bump‐particle and/or particle‐pad interfaces were found with the help of scanning electron microscopy and are thought to be the root cause of the increase in contact resistance.

Originality/value

The present study focuses on the effect of bonding temperatures on the curing of ACFs, and their adhesion strength and electrical performances after high temperature ageing. The results of this study may help the development of ACFs with higher heat resistance, so that ACFs can be considered as an alternative to lead‐free solders.
New measurement technologies for textiles and clothing
Authors: Stylios George K.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

To establish new measurement technologies in textiles and clothing.

Design/methodology/approach

Three areas are covered, diverse in methodology and approach: measurement of fabric mechanics, measurement of seam quality, and measurement of human size and shape.

Findings

Three new measurement technologies have been established.

Research limitations/implications

The mechanics are limited to the measurement of lightweight fabrics. The human measurement needs clear photographs.

Practical implications

All techniques can make measurement more accurate and efficient in all three areas.

Originality/value

All techniques are original and have a major contribution to textile and clothing science and technology.
The advance engineering methods to plan the behaviour of fused panel
Authors: Jevšnik Simona , Geršak Jelka , Gubenšek Ivan
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse some mechanical properties and parameters of drapability using different methods from two different points of research area: knowledge bases and numerical modelling using the finite element method.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach consists of analysing some mechanical properties and parameters of drapability using different methods from two different points of research area: knowledge bases and numerical modelling using the finite element method. The knowledge bases, named FP_B‐1 and FPO_B‐2, were used to analyse the bending rigidity of fused panels. The numerical model of fused panel NMFP is used to analyse parameters of drapability.

Findings

Based on the analyses of bending rigidity and draping of fused panels the conclusions indicate the significance of interaction between mechanical properties and parameters of drapability of the fused panel to garment appearance. Furthermore, the methods used present a computer approach to the study of the fused panel properties important for the computer‐based engineering and the presentation of real behaviour of all aspects of clothes.

Practical implications

This numerical model of a fused panel enables a 3D observation of this aspect of clothes' which is a behaviour, very important contribution to the computer planning of the behaviour of produced clothes.

Originality/value

A better understanding of how to construct fused panels in clothing.
A study of the relaxation phenomena in the fabrics containing elastane yarns
Authors: Geršak Jelka , Šajn Dunja , Bukošek Vili
Published: May 2005

Purpose

In this paper, special attention is focused on the study of the relaxation phenomena of fabrics containing elastane yarn.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, the relaxation phenomena of wound fabric under constant deformation, as the consequence of accumulated stress during winding, were analysed. Maxwell's model and the modified standard linear solid model are used for explaining the relaxation.

Findings

The results of the study of the relaxation phenomena of fabrics containing elastane yarn show a close connection between stress relaxation under constant deformation in the fabric roll and the degree of deformation with manual unwinding. Expert knowledge of the relaxation phenomena in fabrics containing elastane yarns has a big influence on explaining the problem of dimensional changes and instability in such fabrics.

Originality/value

A better understanding of the relaxation phenomena in fabrics containing elastane yarns.
Numerical optimisation of mechanical reinforcements of weak spots in textiles and garment
Authors: Šomođi Željko , Hursa Anica , Rogale Dubravko
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate and illustrate the possibilities of a systematic engineering approach in the design of mechanical reinforcements in garments. A mechanical reinforcement can be designed using optimisation strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

In this work, an iterative algorithm for minimum search based on parabolic approximations is proposed and applied in the optimisation of mechanical reinforcement in a selected model problem of a buttonhole type.

Findings

Optimisation algorithm based on parabolic approximations, in conjunction with the finite element analysis, offers some promising possibilities as support for the decision‐making process in the design of mechanical reinforcements. The selection of optimisation criteria – influence parameters and corresponding weight factors – remains of course to be studied and implemented by the clothing engineering experts.

Research limitations/implications

The intention in future work should be to optimise two or more geometric parameters simultaneously (multidimensional optimisation), and to produce a computer program for an automated optimum search.

Practical implications

The contents of the paper could be useful for the experts in clothing engineering in the process of design or selection of the reinforcements of weak spots in textiles and garments.

Originality/value

This paper provides optimisation routes to the weak sports of mechanical reinforcements in textiles and garments.
Analysis of 3D woven structure as a device for improving thermal comfort of ballistic vests
Authors: Kunz Eva , Chen Xiaogang
Published: May 2005

Purpose

This study presents the design, manufacture and evaluation of a type of 3D hollow woven structure, as a mean for improving ventilation underneath ballistic body armour and thus, thermal comfort.

Design/methodology/approach

By means of a computational fluid dynamic package, fluid flows through different cross‐sectional tubular geometries were simulated in order to predict, which structural parameters of the 3D hollow fabrics are optimal to support ventilation.

Findings

As the result of the computational analysis four optimised 3D hollow woven structures were selected and generated on a standard weaving loom.

Originality/value

Investigation of thermal comfort of 3D ballistic vests.
Fabric design considering the optimisation of seam slippage
Authors: Lopes Miguel Rui Alberto , Mendes Lucas José , de Lurdes Carvalho Maria , Manich Albert Maria
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The dependence of seam slippage values on fabric construction parameters makes this property an interesting case for study.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, made on a significant wool and blended fabrics sample, the seam slippage was measured, either in warp direction (weft yarns slip), or in weft direction (warp yarns slip), using a specially equipped load‐elongation tester. Testing was done following the TM 117 Woolmark Company test method.

Findings

For most fabrics, the conventional variables that impact seam slippage most seriously are opacity, polyamide content, finish type and cover factor.

Research limitations/implications

Since this research does not deal with the variable of yarn crimp in fabrics, it is the cover factor that plays the central role, as the property determining seam slippage. The yarns with lower cover factor (less crimped) are in less danger of slipping between the perpendicular yarns (more crimped) and vice versa.

Practical implications

Based on the equations given, and changing the most relevant variables concerning the explanation of the fabric seam slippage property, the fabric properties can be optimised for specific end‐uses.

Originality/value

Optimisation of seam slippage in fabric design.
An experimental simulation of human body behaviour during sweat production measured at textile electrodes
Authors: Priniotakis Georgios , Westbroek Philippe , Van Langenhove Lieva , Kiekens Paul
Published: May 2005

Purpose

In this paper an electrochemical cell is developed to test and follow up the quality of electrodes made of knitted, woven and non‐woven conductive textile material.

Design/methodology/approach

This cell is constructed of two electrodes planarly positioned against each other using the support of a PVC tube and two PVC plates. Between the electrodes and the electrolyte special membranes are placed that simulate the human skin.

Findings

This research is a preliminary start of a study to investigate and understand the behaviour of textile electrodes and to gain insight in the inter‐phases electrode‐electrolyte and electrode‐skin‐electrolyte in order to be able to model the system and to use it for detection of parameters and body conditions.

Research limitations/implications

As pointed out earlier, a lot of work still needs to be done but the preliminary work shows that promising possibilities can be offered.

Originality/value

Simulation of human body behaviour during sweat production measured by textile electrodes.
QUIS 9 symposium – service excellence in management
Authors: Gustafsson Anders
Published: May 2005

Purpose

To introduce the special issue focusing on the QUIS 9 symposium.

Design/methodology/approach

A brief perspective of the best papers presented at the Quality in Services (QUIS9) symposium held at Karlstad university, Sweden in June 2004.

Findings

Outlines some of the highlights surrounding the conference.

Originality/value

Provides a brief report of the context of the conference.
Managing overall service quality in customer care centers
Authors: Kantsperger Roland , Kunz Werner H.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

This paper aims to clarify the interdependencies among three main stakeholder groups and to show how to manage overall service quality in customer care centers.

Design/methodology/approach

A framework of the relations among the target groups of a customer care center was developed. A survey methodology with a 360° approach that encompasses top management, employees and final customers as three main target groups was conducted. The sample incorporates 58 customer care centers and seven industries in Germany and Austria. Besides the management interviews, we received 1,580 completed questionnaires by employees, and 2,010 completed questionnaires by customers. Multiple regression analysis was applied on multi‐item measurement scales of the three different levels.

Findings

We were able to show that employee satisfaction is the main factor for driving customer orientation. Further management efforts resulting in employee orientation will facilitate the job of employees and increase employee loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

Only 16 customer care centers participated in all three parts of the study.

Practical implications

Companies should consider the needs of their employees and possibly initiate measures to foster employee satisfaction. A strict quality orientation could signal a low level of trust toward the employees. It is essential that firms invest in their employees and apply an employee‐oriented management style.

Originality/value

The study encompasses three relevant stakeholder groups on a broad empirical base, which is unique until now in the research field of customer care centers. Interdependencies among the three perspectives could be revealed.
Dynamics of service attributes: a test of Kano's theory of attractive quality
Authors: Nilsson‐Witell Lars , Fundin Anders
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The aim of the paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the theory of attractive quality through an empirical investigation of an e‐service. Our focus is on the consistency of different levels of service attributes and their dynamics. Our empirical investigation aims to increase both the validity of the theory of attractive quality and the use of technology readiness as a means to understand the variation of customer perceptions of service attributes.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of customers' technology readiness, usage and perceptions of an e‐service was conducted. Four propositions concerning the consistency and dynamics of Kano's theory of attractive quality are tested, mainly using general linear models.

Findings

Our results show that by investigating customers at different stages of the service adoption curve, a better understanding of certain dynamics of service attributes can be achieved. When the e‐service was introduced, it was perceived as indifferent; at present it is seen as an attractive service by the market. But the early adopters of e‐services already regard it as a one‐dimensional or a must‐be service.

Originality/value

The study provides a new framework and methodology for how to investigate the dynamics of service attributes, not only between individuals within different market segments, but also at different service attribute levels. From a managerial standpoint, our results suggest consequential insight about the life cycle of the services that an organization provides to its customers.
Communication as an element of service value
Authors: Heinonen Kristina , Strandvik Tore
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The paper explores consumers' responsiveness to marketing communication about various services and products in three different media. Communication value is seen as an element of service value and is measured as consumer responsiveness to marketing communication.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical data is based on interviews with consumers concerning their perceptions of the relevance and acceptance of marketing communication of 15 different services/products in three media, traditional direct mail, e‐mail and SMS. The consumers have responded to scenarios of marketing communication.

Findings

Findings showed differences in consumer responsiveness to different services and physical products. The overall responsiveness was relatively low for the offerings in all media. A division into responsiveness groups demonstrates that there are also consumers that are positive to communication. The share of positive consumers varies considerably over offerings.

Research limitations/implications

The present study did not account for some important aspects in marketing communication. Firstly, the communication was not considered as part of a firm's integrated marketing communication. The creative element was omitted even if it in practice is important in planned marketing communication. Moreover, the respondents have evaluated scenarios based on their general attitudes toward the communication. The consumer's relationship to the company/brand/offering was excluded. However, despite these limitations it shows that it is necessary to consider that products and services may have different responsiveness patterns.

Practical implications

The emergence of digital media has increased the number of ways to interact with consumers. The variation in the responsiveness to products and services for different media indicates that it is important to have an understanding of how the media adds and subtracts value. The analysis points to the need for companies to measure the responsiveness of consumers in order to understand and enhance consumer perceived value of the communication as a part of the service.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to service marketing research by introducing the communication value and responsiveness conceptualisations that have an interest both for academic research and practitioners. This includes a new perspective on the role of communication on one hand and on the empirical findings of differences in digital interactive media on the other hand.
Flow impingement onto a flat plate with limited heated area in relation to laser gas assisted processing
Authors: Shuja S.Z. , Yilbas B.S. , Budair M.O.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

To investigate the influence of conical and annular nozzle geometric configurations on the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics near the stagnation point of a flat plate with limited heated area.

Design/methodology/approach

The conical and annular conical nozzles were designed such that the exit area of both nozzles is the same and the mass flow rate passing through the nozzles is kept constant for both nozzles. The governing equations of flow and heat transfer are modeled numerically using a control volume approach. The grid independent solutions are secured and the predictions of flow and heat transfer characteristics are compared with the simple pipe flow with the same area and mass flow rate. The Reynolds stress turbulence model is employed to account for the turbulence. A flat plate with a limited heated area is accommodated to resemble the laser heating situations and air is used as assisting gas.

Findings

It is found that nozzle exiting velocity profiles differ considerably with changing the nozzle cone angle. Increasing nozzle cone angle enhances the radial flow and extends the stagnation zone away from the plate surface. The impinging jet with a fully developed velocity profile results in enhanced radial acceleration of the flow. Moreover, the flow structure changes considerably for annular conical and conical nozzles. The nozzle exiting velocity profile results in improved heat transfer coefficient at the flat plate surface. However, the achievement of fully developed pipe flow like velocity profile emanating from a nozzle is almost impossible for practical laser applications. Therefore, use of annular conical nozzles facilitates the high cooling rates from the surface during laser heating process

Research limitations/implications

The results are limited with theoretical predictions due to the difficulties arising in experimental studies.

Practical implications

The results can be used in laser machining applications to improve the end product quality. It also enables selection of the appropriate nozzle geometry for a particular machining application.

Originality/value

This paper provides information on the flow and heat transfer characteristics associated with the nozzle geometric configurations and offers practical help for the researchers and scientists working in the laser machining area.
A quasi‐three‐dimensional numerical calculation procedure for periodically fully‐developed heat and fluid flow
Authors: Nakayama A. , Kuwahara F.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

To introduce a novel numerical calculation procedure for periodically fully developed heat and fluid flow, which can treat three‐dimensional velocity and temperature fields, using a two‐dimensional storage.

Design/methodology/approach

The three‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equation and energy equation have been transformed into quasi‐three‐dimensional forms. An appropriate set of explicit periodic boundary conditions have been obtained for thermally fully developed flow through a general three‐dimensional periodic structure, exploiting the volume averaging theory.

Findings

The proposed numerical procedure has been found inexpensive and efficient. Its validity has been proved by comparing the results obtained for a bank of long cylinders in yaw against available experimental data.

Originality/value

Since no explicit sets of periodic boundary conditions of this kind have been reported before, they will be exploited by researchers and practitioners interested in efficient numerical computations of three‐dimensional periodic heat and fluid flows.
The congruence of quality values in higher education
Authors: Telford Ronnie , Masson Ron
Published: May 2005

Purpose

To investigate, in the context of university education, the relationship between the congruence of the quality values held by the students, the teaching staff and the university senior management and the level of student satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was carried out within a large Business School in a major UK University through a set of focus groups and questionnaires investigating the quality values held by the three main participant stakeholders.

Findings

For the case example a coherent framework of quality values relevant to higher education has been established, and the relative importance attached to each element in this framework by the different stakeholders has been identified. While many values are shared there are significant differences between the stakeholders and there is generally no student dissatisfaction on issues where the stakeholders do not share the same values.

Research limitations/implications

Limited in that the research was carried out in single Faculty in one UK university, though a typical example of those in the UK none the less.

Practical implications

Contributes to the body of knowledge on participants quality values and it's implications for student participation and satisfaction.

Originality/value

The paper identifies a framework of relevant values and relationships that will be of use to those interested in this field.
Towards understanding the impeders of strategy implementation in higher education (HE)
Authors: Rahimnia Alashloo Fariborz , Castka Pavel , Sharp John M.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

To identify the impeders of strategy implementation in the higher education (HE) sector of Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured questionnaire was distributed to the academic staff from Iranian Universities. The questionnaire consisted of closed and open questions. Data were gathered from the major universities in different regions of the country.

Findings

Major impeders towards strategy implementation in the HE sector of Iran are outlined and the nature of these impeders are explained and the relationships among them are explored.

Research limitations/implications

The research, through the use of the structured questionnaire, delivered a set of generic impeders; however a detailed picture of implementation of strategies needs further investigation.

Practical implications

Through the analysis of the most prevalent impeders, this paper informs Iranian academics about possibilities for change and improvement.

Originality/value

The case of the HE sector development in Iran is something rarely dealt with in the literature; hence the paper fills this gap. Moreover, we look closely at the growth of research activities as the main strategy and indicate the impeders of strategy implementation in the HE of Iran.
End‐user perspectives on use of project extranets in construction organisations
Authors: Ruikar K. , Anumba C.J. , Carrillo P.M.
Published: May 2005

Purpose

Web‐based technologies such as project extranets have introduced a new concept for communication and collaboration during construction projects. Project extranets have been used in the industry for some time now to manage information and document flows throughout the lifecycle of construction projects. Very few end‐user companies already using project extranets have documented and disseminated information about the implications of using this technology in terms of the impact on their businesses, benefits incurred and possible drawbacks. This paper aims to present findings from the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is case studies conducted with end‐users of a leading project extranet application in the UK.

Findings

Findings suggest that some of the perceived drawbacks of using project extranets are in fact not viewed as drawbacks by end‐user companies. Also, the benefits incurred appear to outweigh some of the issues. The end‐user organisations believe that an increasing number of organisations will be encouraged to use project extranets when they see “visionaries” and “market leaders” such as themselves, benefiting from the technology and leading the way to its wider adoption.

Originality/value

Wider dissemination of this knowledge will encourage more construction companies to adopt the technology which has a proven record of success on projects for which it has been used. The paper highlights the drivers for the adoption of this technology and its impact on end‐user business processes. It also documents the end‐user viewpoint on the benefits and drawbacks of using project extranets.
A building cost estimation model based on cost significant work packages
Authors: Tas Elcin , Yaman Hakan
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The objectives of this paper are to discuss the constraints stemming from the unstructured nature of the cost estimation practice in Turkey and introduce a generic computer aided building cost estimation model based on a cost significant technique for Turkish construction sector public projects in its detailed design phase.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design was based on the simplified version of the bill of quantities method and a cost significant estimating model works on a cost database was suggested to overcome the problems. Underlying principles and basic steps of cost estimation based on cost significant work packages was explained by means of manual calculations.

Findings

In order to automate the manual building cost estimation process, the software based on cost significant work packages was developed.

Research limitations/implications

The software is currently in the testing phase and is being used for educational purposes. Making use of both public sector and current market prices in the cost estimation process, increasing number of projects stored in the database for more accurate results, estimating costs of different types of projects and calculating the cost significant value factor more precisely by using statistical techniques, those being employed by global cost models are suggested for future research.

Practical implications

As the number of the similar projects in database is increased, the accuracy of the cost estimation is also increased.

Originality/value

Estimators and graduate students can use the software to estimate building cost of public housing projects in its detailed design phase.
Consumer perceived risk in successive product generations
Authors: Sääksjärvi Maria , Lampinen Minttu
Published: May 2005

Purpose

The study examines the consumer perceived performance risk in successive product generations.

Design/methodology/approach

The results are based on ten focus group interviews. We divide risk into two different levels based on its criticality (attribute and functionality) to be able to assess more than its mere presence in an innovation.

Findings

The study shows performance risk to differ between generations representing different innovation levels, and that this risk is moderated by whether the consumer has usage experience of the original innovation. The results show that the risk consumers perceive is more critical in a modified successor than in an original innovation provided that consumers have usage experience of the latter one.

Practical implications

This study has implications for companies aiming at reducing consumer perceived risk in innovative product launches.

Originality/value

Perceived risk is an important construct in innovation adoption research. Although it has been used to measure and predict individual adoption patterns towards a single innovation, little research has examined its impact on successive product generations. The results offer both theoretical and practical implications.