bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentración sérica de aminotransferasas en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) alimentados con dietas basadas en pisonay (Erythrina sp)
Authors: Ramirez-Borda Yony , Cárdenas-Villanueva Ludwing A. , Ramos De la Riva Víctor Alberto , Gómez-Quispe Oscar E.
Published: October 2019

El experimento se llevó a cabo en Tamburco, provincia de Abancay, Perú, con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de dietas basadas en pisonay (Erythrina sp) sobre la concentración de taninos y alcaloides totales, la concentración sérica de las aminotransferasas, las lesiones en el hígado y la relación hígado/peso vivo de los cuyes. Se utilizaron hojas y peciolos de pisonay con cuatro meses de rebrote y alfalfa fresca (Medicago sativa) con 28 días de rebrote en la dieta de 24 cuyes machos mejorados, distribuidos en tres tratamientos: dieta A100: 100% alfalfa (80 g), dieta A50P50: 50% alfalfa (40 g) más 50% pisonay (40 g) y dieta P100: 100% pisonay (80 g). El alimento fue suministrado dos veces al día. Los niveles séricos y la relación hígado/peso vivo fueron analizados con diseño completo al azar, el efecto de las dietas sobre las lesiones del hígado de cuyes se analizó con el test exacto de Fisher. La concentración de taninos en el pisonay (14.0 g/kg MS) fue superior a los hallados en alfalfa (2.2 g/kg MS). En la alfalfa no se detectaron alcaloides totales. Los niveles séricos de alanino aminotransferasa (ALT) en cuyes alimentados con A100 (39.1 ± 7.2 UI/L), A50P50 (48.8 ± 7.1 UI/L) y P100 (62.0 ± 8.4 UI/L) mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05). La aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) en cuyes alimentados con A50P50 (71.9 ± 15.2 UI/L) y P100 (76.4 ± 11.8 UI/L) fueron superiores a los animales alimentados con A100 (p<0.05). El incremento de 50 a 100% de pisonay en la dieta de cuyes produce lesiones en el hígado como degeneración grasa y focos necróticos, además de disminuir la relación hígado/peso vivo. El pisonay como forraje fresco en 50 y 100% en la dieta de cuyes pueden afectar adversamente la salud de los animales.
Prevalencia de Giardia spp en roedores (Rattus spp) de un zoológico de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Casana P. Cynthia , Chávez V. Amanda , Abad-Amerí Deisy , Pinedo V. Rosa
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de Giardia spp en roedores (Rattus rattus y Rattus norvegicus) capturados en un zoológico de Lima Metropolitana, así como la posible asociación entre la presencia del parásito con las variables especie, sexo y edad de las ratas. Se capturaron 127 roedores (Rattus spp) entre febrero de 2013 y agosto de 2016 mediante el uso de trampas de captura viva “Tomahawk”. La manipulación de los roedores y la recolección de las muestras cumplieron con los estándares de bioseguridad y normas de procesamiento de acuerdo con los protocolos del Centro de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Prevención de Atlanta (CDC). Muestras del intestino delgado y tracto digestivo posterior (ciego, colon y recto) fueron colectadas y conservadas con formol al 10%. Se utilizó la técnica de Ritchie modificado, considerándose como muestra positiva la presencia de alguna forma parasitaria de Giardia spp (trofozoito o quiste). La prevalencia de Giardia spp en los roedores fue 5.5 ± 0.04% (7/127), siendo de 2.1% en R. rattus (1/48) y 7.6% en R. norvergicus (6/79). No se encontró asociación significativa entre la frecuencia de Giardia spp y las variables especie, sexo y edad. Se reporta una baja prevalencia de Giardia spp en roedores capturados en el zoológico; sin embargo, podría existir un riesgo potencial de infección parasitaria para los concurrentes, principalmente niños y ancianos, así como animales y trabajadores de la institución.
Transient Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow with Thermophoresis past a Radiate Inclined Permeable Plate in the Presence of Variable Chemical Reaction and Temperature Dependent Viscosity
Authors: Alam M. S. S. , Rahman M. M. M. , Sattar M. A. A.
Published: October 2019

In the present study, an analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of variable chemical reaction, thermophoresis, temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal radiation on an unsteady MHD free convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid past an impulsively started infinite inclined porous plate. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically using a sixth-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme with Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting method. Numerical results for the non-dimensional velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the local Stanton number are presented for different physical parameters. The results show that variable viscosity significantly increases viscous drag and rate of heat transfer. The results also show that higher order chemical reaction induces the concentration of the particles for a destructive reaction and reduces for a generative reaction.
A Modified Holling-Tanner Model in Stochastic Environment
Authors: Maiti A. , Pathak S.
Published: October 2019

Recently, a modified version of the so called Holling-Tannermodel isintroduced in the ecological literature. A detailed account of the deterministic dynamicsof this model is presented. The growth rates of the prey and predator are then perturbedby Gaussian white noises to take into account the effect of fluctuating environment. Theresulting stochastic model is cultured by the technique of statistical linearization andcriteria for non-equilibrium fluctuation and stability arederived. Numerical simulationsare carried out. The implications of our analytical findingsare addressed critically.
Transient Laminar MHD Free Convective Flow past a Vertical Cone with Non-Uniform Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Pullepu Bapuji , Chamkha A. J. J.
Published: October 2019

Numerical solution of unsteady laminar free convection from an incompressible viscous fluid flow past a vertical cone with non-uniform surface heat flux qw(x) = axm varying as a power function of the distance from the apex of the cone (x = 0) in the presence of a transverse magnetic field applied normal to the surface is considered. The dimensionless governing coupled partial differential boundary layer equations are formulated and solved numerically using an efficient and unconditionally stable finite-difference scheme of the Crank-Nicolson type. The numerical results are validated by comparisons with previously published work and are found to be in excellent agreement. The velocity and temperature fields have been studied for various combinations of physical parameters (Prandtl number Pr, exponent and magnetic parameter M). The local as well as the average skin-friction parameter and the Nusselt number are also presented and analyzed graphically.
BARLEY VARIETIES DISCRIMINATION USING MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Hleba Lukas , Drab Stefan , Cisarova Miroslava , Cubon Juraj
Published: October 2019

Barley is a widely used foodstuff and it is the most important component in malting and brewing. Purity of barley grains in malting and brewing is important in relation to technological processing. Therefore, an effective analysis of barley purity has high priority. The aim of this study was the discrimination of barley varieties using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Eight barley varieties, Kangoo, Laudis, Malz, Marthe, Odyssey, Overture, Sebastian and Wintmalt were investigated. Several protein extraction methods, barley samples preparation for MALDI-TOF MS, reproducibility, influence of time on the hordein quality spectrum and groups of hordeins mass spectrum suitable for barley discrimination were tested. The results showed that removal of albumins and globulins does not affect the resulting hordein spectrum, but time decreases the hordein spectrum intensity. Preparation of barley samples has the highest priority. The most important factor is the selection of the right matrix and its use. B hordeins should be used for the discrimination of Barley varieties. Local Barley database based on B hordeins can be created but the protein spectra must be obtained with the highest purity and the highest reproducibility. The right set up of MALDI Biotyper software can lead to local Barley database establishment. Also, Barley’s B hordeins were used for the creation of a relatedness dendrogram. These obtained results showed that MALDI-TOF MS is a very usefull and powefull method for Barley varieties discrimination with a high reproducibility.
Seeing Is Believing: Ultrasound in Pediatric Procedural Performance
Authors: Fraga María V. , Stoller Jason Z. , Glau Christie L. , De Luca Daniele , Rempell Rachel G. , Wenger Jesse L. , Yek Kee Chor , Muhly Wallis T. , Boretsky Karen , Conlon Thomas W.
Published: October 2019

Point-of-care ultrasound is currently widely used across the landscape of pediatric care. Ultrasound machines are now smaller, are easier to use, and have much improved image quality. They have become common in emergency departments, ICUs, inpatient wards, and outpatient clinics. Recent growth of supportive evidence makes a strong case for using point-of-care ultrasound for pediatric interventions such as vascular access (in particular, central-line placement), lumbar puncture, fluid drainage (paracentesis, thoracentesis, pericardiocentesis), suprapubic aspiration, and soft tissue incision and drainage. Our review of this evidence reveals that point-of-care ultrasound has become a powerful tool for improving procedural success and patient safety. Pediatric patients and clinicians performing procedures stand to benefit greatly from point-of-care ultrasound, because seeing is believing.
The historicity of music in Hegel in face of Schoenberg’s twelve-tone music
Authors: Kurle Adriano Bueno
Published: October 2019

In this paper, I consider how it would be possible to think about the historicity of music through Hegel’s thought. I will compare Hegel’s idea with a historical event that is considered relevant in the history of music: Schoenberg’s twelve-tone music, taken here also as a model of immanent negation and Aufhebung of tonal system in music. Furthermore, I will take Schoenberg’s twelve-tone music as an instance and wonder about the role of music and its history in the sociocultural formation (or, in Hegelian words, in the absolute Geist). I divide the exposition into four parts, namely: (1) the position of art before the  absolute Geist; (2) a general exposition of art in the Lectures on the Philosophy of Art, placing music as a singular form of art; (3) an analysis of the characteristics of music in Hegel and (4) the comparison with Schoenberg’s twelve-tone music. I conclude that music, as an artistic form, brings the form of an internal feeling of a social subjectivity – a way to feel and understand sounds that transforms itself through history; in turn, both music and the form of an internal feeling of social subjectivity, have a historicity that can be understood as developed dialectically. Along these lines, the beginning of the Twentieth Century in music reveals, through Schoenberg and other composers, new intuitive configurations of this social subjectivity.
Robôs de conversação e o ethos
Authors: Manfio Edio Roberto
Published: October 2019

Com a evolução da tecnologia, é cada vez mais comum encontrar robôs de conversação com maior capacidade de argumentar em um diálogo. Embora estejam muito longe de se igualarem a seres humanos nesse quesito, há vários desses robôs com performances significativas ao realizar essa tarefa. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo discutir basicamente o conceito de ethos em máquinas que simulam personalidades humanas pré-determinadas. O estudo baseia-se em consulta bibliográfica interdisciplinar voltada às áreas de Linguística, Discurso, Retórica, Processamento de Linguagem Natural, Inteligência Artificial e Processamento de Dados. A observação dos exemplos utilizados para comparação sugere que mais pesquisas na mesma direção devem ser realizadas, tendo em vista que a evolução dessas máquinas é exponencial e constante.
O senso comum e a filosofia
Authors: Schöpke Regina
Published: October 2019

Ainda que pouco conhecido e estudado em nossa época, o filósofo neokantiano russo, de origem greco-alemã, Afrikan Spir, produziu uma obra original que teve repercussões importantes em seu tempo. Nascido um pouco antes de Nietzsche, em 1837, Spir será citado por ele, sobretudo, no que se refere às questões que envolvem o caráter transcendental do conhecimento. Afinal, como Kant, Spir defende que o mundo nos aparece mediado por nossa sensibilidade; mediado e organizado pelas estruturas “a priori” do conhecimento, ou seja, do mundo recebemos apenas impressões sensoriais, qualidades sensíveis, cabendo ao sujeito cognoscente ordená-las a partir de suas intuições. No entanto, na intitulada filosofia crítica de Spir, o único e o verdadeiro, à priori,  é o “princípio de identidade”, que seria o responsável pela síntese do conhecimento, seja de nós mesmos, seja dos objetos do mundo. Em poucas palavras, segundo Spir, e contestando o senso comum e o próprio objetivismo científico, não existe nada que seja estável e absoluto fora de nós. Todo o absoluto diz respeito ao pensamento. Mesmo o “eu” nada mais é do que uma síntese operada pela consciência.
Molecular systematic study in the genus Linum (Linaceae) in Iran
Authors: Sheidai M. , Darini S. , Talebi S. M. , Koohdar F. , Ghasemzadeh-Baraki S.
Published: October 2019

The genus Linum L. is an important plant genus as it contains the species with economic values and particularly Linum usitatissimum L. that is source of fibre and linseed oil. This genus contains 230 species throughout the world and has about 22 species in Iran. Little is known about Linum species relationship and phylogeny. Therefore, the aim of present study was molecular phylogenetic investigation of the Linum species growing in Iran and to present data on their biogeography. We used both ITS and chloroplast DNA sequences (psbA-trnHGUG region) for inferring the species phylogeny and relationship. We also used cpDNA for inferring the species time of divergence and with ISSR markers to identify the path of species distribution in the country. The phylogenetic trees obtained for both ITS and cpDNA sequences were almost congruent. NeighborNet diagram and BEAST tree based on Bayesian method separated the outgroup species Hugonia and Anisadenia from the other species studied. The subspecies studied in Linum macronicum were placed close to each other and along with L. corymbulosum comprised a separate clade. The clades obtained showed divergence time between 5–20 mya. The present study revealed that the species of the sect. Linum are monophyletic, while members of the sections Linastrum and Syllinum are intermixed and seem to be paraphyletic.
Internal transcribed spacer sequences analysis of genetic variation among and within populations of Atriplex halimus from different bioclimatic zones in Morocco
Authors: Bouda S. , Hernandez L. E. , Haddioui A.
Published: October 2019

The genetic diversity of 12 Atriplex halimus L. populations collected throughout its natural range in Morocco has been studied by using sequences of nrDNA ITS region. Within-population genetic diversity was high in comparison to others species with similar life histories and ecological traits. Most of genetic variation detected by AMOVA resided within populations (94%), relative to the amount of variation among populations (6%). The level of populations differentiation (FST = 0.06) was low, which corresponds with the high level of gene flow (4.00) revealed between populations. Differentiation among ecological groups of populations accounted only for 1.23% of the total ITS variation, which indicates that climatic conditions did not have an effect of population's structuration or that this differentiation is obviously not related to ITS markers. Furthermore, very low genetic differentiation (FCT = 0.015) was observed between regions (Moroccan populations versus American population). Strangely enough, geographic distances were not correlated to genetic differentiation between the populations (r = 0.06, P = 0.5). The structuration of populations in five groups was not operated according to their bioclimatic type. The data obtained in this assay could play a crucial role to establish efficient strategies for genetic resources conservation and to work out the scheme of breeding programs of Atriplex.
Comparison of DNA extraction methods from Geranium (Geraniaceae)
Authors: Esfandani-Bozchaloyi S. , Sheidai M. , Kalalegh M. Hassanzadeh
Published: October 2019

The genus Geranium (Geraniaceae); with about 320 species throughout the temperate regions, is chemically characterised by the presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and essential oils which interfere with the extraction of pure genomic DNA. It is necessary to optimise the extraction protocols to reduce the effects of the presence of these compounds to the lowest level.

The present study compares the plant genomic DNA extraction Kit (DNP™ Kit), CTAB DNA extraction method by Murray and Thompson and Sahu et al., from the extracting DNA point of view Geranium species. The results showed significant differences in DNA contents between the three methods. Quantity and quality of extracted genomic DNAs were compared by employing the spectrophotometer, Nano-Drop, agarose gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and molecular marker such as (ITS and trnL-F) and ISSR. The method of Sahu et al., provided the best results (200 ng/µL) in terms of quantity and quality of DNA, therefore, this method was taken and optimised for DNA extraction. Our results proposed that this method could be effective for plants with same polysaccharides, proteins and polyphenols components. The advantage of this method is that it omits the use of liquid nitrogen and toxic phenols which are expensive. The success of this method in obtaining high-quality genomic DNA has been demonstrated in the Geranium species group and the reliability of this method has been discussed.
New liverworts from the Peruvian Andes, II. Zoopsidella grahamii and Riccardia gradsteinii (Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Pócs T.
Published: October 2019

Zoopsidella grahamii sp. nov., related to the Australasian Z. caledonica, is described from the Andes of Central Peru (Oxapampa Province) and southern Ecuador. It is distinguished from Z. caledonica by the smaller plant size, much lower number of lobe cells and different leaf shape, and by the much more elongate perianth mouth lobes consisting of a row of 6-7 narrowly rectangular cells. Riccardia gradsteinii sp. nov., from the same general area in Peru as Z. grahamii, is unique among all dendroid species of the genus by the broad, frilled wings of the main axis, being split into complicatedly bent and strongly crispate scales.
Framework for soft and hard city infrastructures
Authors: Dyer Mark , Dyer Rachel , Weng Min-Hsien , Wu Shaoqun , Grey Thomas , Gleeson Richard , Ferrari Tomás García
Published: October 2019

The term city infrastructures is often restricted to the physical elements of a city, while in practice it comprises both hard infrastructures for built environment and utilities, as well as soft infrastructures involving services, social groupings and personal skills. Part of the confusion is the lack of clarity about the role and delivery of city infrastructures and its relationship to livelihood and livability. To address this issue, a framework for soft and hard city infrastructures has been developed using results from two case studies to model the relationships, conflicts and connections between soft and hard infrastructures. The first case study concerns the abandonment of a planned urban regeneration project for the Italian City of Lucca in Tuscany where institutional inertia prevented regeneration of a derelict tobacco factory. The second case study concerned results from data analysis of contributions for a public consultation exercise for City of Christchurch in New Zealand. The syntactic data analytics using Flax software coupled with data visualisation demonstrated how an urban narrative can be constructed about citizen priorities based on a framework for soft and hard city infrastructures. The methodology enables citizen engagement through cultivating open processes of urban exploration that advocate ‘connected infrastructures’ thinking.
Ribosome Purification for OnePot PURE cell-free system v1
Authors: Ragios Konstantinos
Published: October 2019

In this protocol we explain the procedure of ribosomes purification with the method of hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) so they can be used for a PURE cell-free system.
ONTOLOGICAL SERVICE REPOSITORY OF INSTANT PAYMENTS SYSTEM
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, Kotelnikov V.A. , Bogdanova D.R. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, Yusupova N.I. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia
Published: October 2019

In this article the authors consider the task of creating a unified semantic description of services for the instant payments system. For this type of system, there are two types of customers: people and providers of goods and services. The paper analyzes the requirements of payment system customers. Requirements allows to formalize manageable and nonmanageable parameters as well as performance indicators. The concept of a service and the process of providing services in an instant payment system is formalized. An ontology of services and software for working with ontology are developed. The software includes a repository of the instant payment system and a module for creating services. Protégé editor is used to develop an ontology. Additionally, in the article the developed ontology is studied from cognitive ergonomics point of view. The high-level programming language JavaScript was used to develop software. The innovative part for instant payment systems is the use of ontologies to create a common information space for all participants in the process of providing financial intermediation services.
CONSTRUCTION OF A MULTI-CONNECTED OBJECT MODEL OBJECT BASED ON JOINT USE OF DATA AND EXPERT EVALUATIONS
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, Gvozdev V.E. , Munasypov R.A. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, Bezhayeva O.Y. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, Akhmetova D.R. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia
Published: October 2019

The article discusses a method for constructing statistical models of multi-connected objects in the form of multidimensional regression dependencies based on the joint use of measurement data and expert assessments. The main idea of the method is to convert independently obtained expert estimates and measurement data to a single type - the law of distribution of a continuous random variable. This makes it possible to form a correlation table based on the solution of the inverse problem of determining the distribution law of the function of a random argument. The formed correlation table serves as the basis for the construction of the regression dependence by the known methods of regression analysis. The main result of the work is the first proposed method for constructing multidimensional regressive dependencies by sharing expert estimates and measurement data.
Comparison of Bond Strength of Acrylic, Composite, and Nanocomposite Artificial Teeth to Heat-Cure Acrylic Denture Base Resin
Authors: Ghaffari Gharebagh Tahereh , Hamedirad Fahimeh , Miruzadeh Keyvan
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of heat-cure denture base resin to newly designed Iranian artificial acrylic teeth.
Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, shear bond strengths of Ivoclar acrylic, Apple composite, and B-Star nanocomposite teeth to heat-cure acrylic denture base resin were compared. A total of 18 samples were selected from each group of teeth. The samples were attached to heat-cure resin according to ISO 10477 standard. For the assessment of bond strength, the samples were placed in a universal testing machine and were subjected to shear forces at a speed of 1 mm/minute to record the fracture load. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, and standard deviation, were calculated using SPSS 20 software. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the shear bond strength of the groups with and without monomers and the studied artificial teeth.
Results: The mean shear bond strengths of Ivoclar acrylic teeth were 392.22±23.76 MPa and 337.11±32.18 MPa with and without adding monomers to the tooth surface, respectively. The mean shear bond strengths were 250.44±29.84 MPa and 238.33±27.28 MPa (without monomers) and 438.33±24.16 MPa and 311.56±32.78 MPa (with monomers) for Apple composite and B-Star nanocomposite artificial teeth, respectively.
Conclusion: The greatest shear bond strength was attributed to Ivoclar acrylic teeth followed by Apple composite and B-Star nanocomposite artificial teeth. Addition of monomers to the tooth surface significantly strengthened the shear bonding of acrylic base resin to the teeth.
Edible films based on chitosan-flaxseed mucilage: in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and their application on survival of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in raw minced trout fillets
Authors: Karami Negin , Kamkar Abolfazl , Shahbazi Yasser , Misaghi Ali
Published: October 2019

Various natural oils/extracts and their constituents incorporated into biopolymer-based edible films as a promising technology with the knowledge that these compounds have been able to reduce microbial growth and chemical changes of packed foodstuffs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZEO; 0, 0.25 and 0.5%) and sesame oil (SO; 0, 0.5 and 0.75%) into chitosan-flaxseed mucilage (CH-FM) film against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro condition and raw minced trout fillets during refrigerated condition. The in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of CH-FM films were evaluated using agar disk diffusion method and free radical scavenging activity assay, respectively. The most important constituents of ZEO were found to be carvacrol (65.22%), thymol (19.51%), ɣ-terpinene (4.63%) and p-cymene (4.86%). The lowest and highest antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium were found for CH-FM films enriched with SO 0.5% (0.98-1.24 mm) and ZEO 0.5% + SO 0.75% (5.01-6.25 mm), respectively. The antioxidant property of CH-FM based films were found to be ranged 5.45% ± 0.04-37% ± 0.45. In treated trout fillets, the counts of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium were 1.54-4.18, 0.34-3.35, 0.29-1.45 and 0.19-1.27 log CFU/g significantly lower than control groups after two weeks of refrigerated storage, respectively. The designated films had good antibacterial effect against some food borne pathogenic bacteria including L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in raw rainbow trout fillets.
Floating microspheres encapsulating carvedilol for the effective management of hypertension
Authors: Patel Sapna , Dubey Naina , Gajbhiye Asmita , Patil Shailendra
Published: October 2019

Carvedilol (CVD) is an antihypertensive agent with a short half-life, pH-dependent solubility, and narrow absorption window. The purpose of this research was to prepare a floating-drug delivery-system of carvedilol to increase its half-life. The present study investigates the preparation of carvedilol-floating microspheres, evaluates the floatingdrug delivery-system (FDDS) (by scanning electron microscope), it’s in vitro stability, and in vivo profile. Floating microspheres were prepared by solvent-evaporation (oil-in-water emulsion) technique using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) as the rate controlling polymers. The surface morphology of the prepared microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. In this study, the particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, buoyancy percentage, and release studies were performed. The microspheres were found to be spherical and porous. The results showed that the mean/mean (SD) values of tapped density, Carr's compressibility index, angle of repose, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, %entrapment efficiency of CVD-loaded floating microspheres were 0.42 (0.012), 12.5 (1.895), 23.5 (1.856), 80.2 %, 79.0 %, and 85.81(1.40), respectively. The developed floating-microsphere of CVD released the drug for 24 h and based on in vivo studies, the drug-loaded floating microspheres help in maintaining the mean (SD) systolic blood pressure within the range of 120 (0.32) to 120 (1.02) mmHg and diastolic pressure within 91 (0.71) to 92 (0.79) mmHg. Thus, floating microsphere of CVD offers a suitable and practical approach for prolonged release of the drug over an extended period, and thus improves the oral bioavailability and efficacy of the drug as well as the patient’s compliance.
Computer-aided rational design of acyclovir analogs to inhibit purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Authors: Selsi Nusrat Jahan , Barua Lira , Bhattacharjee Debpriya , Rahman Gulamur , Sakiatuz Zannat Syeda , Munia Najia Absar , Fahad Rubaiyat , Bipasha Tanjiba Harun , Rahman Azizur , Dash Raju
Published: October 2019

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is one of the major enzymes in the purine salvage pathway. It is responsible for the elevation of deoxyguanosine, and thus considered as the potent target in T-cell lymphoma. The present study examined acyclovir, reported as a low-affinity PNP inhibitor, for the rational design of new acyclovir derivatives by incorporating halogens, hydroxyl, and bulky amino groups. The molecular actions of designed derivatives were investigated by employing density functional theory, molecular docking, and binding energy calculations. The results revealed that the newly designed compounds were highly stable and showed more affinity to PNP than the parent compound, acyclovir. The quantum mechanics and molecular docking studies suggested that modification of side chains with bulky polar groups provided better binding affinities than substitutions with halogens. The resultant derivatives have strong polar interactions like His257 and Tyr88. Furthermore, the designed derivatives were within the ideal range of ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) analysis. Considering that, these findings recommend further validation of designed acyclovir derivatives in wet lab confirmatory analysis with the emphasis on the further improvements in the treatment of T-cell-mediated diseases.
A Case report of hemodynamic instability, cardiac arrest, and acute severe dyspnea subsequent to inhalation of crystal methamphetamine
Authors: Gholami Farhad , Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh , Ahmadi Amirhossein , Nabati Maryam
Published: October 2019

Misuse of stimulants similar to amphetamine is a universal problem. These stimulants cause many complications in their abusers. However, myocardial infarction is rarely reported as a complication of amphetamine abuse. Herein, we report a man aged 42 years presented at the Emergency Department with the chief complaint of acute dyspnea following ice inhalation without history of dyspnea. Within the first hour and a half of admission, the patient was treated by nasal oxygen and bronchodilator aminophylline. However, he did not respond to the initial treatment and lost his consciousness; showed ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, and hemodynamic instability. So, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was immediately initiated for him. The patient was intubated, mechanically ventilated. Also, the synchronized electrical shock was delivered 5 times (200-360 J) along with amiodarone (300 mg intravenously [IV] stat, then 1 mg/min IV infusion for 6 hours and next 0.5 mg/min for 18 hours) to treat the ventricular fibrillation. The arrhythmia was subsequently controlled, and his normal sinus rhythm was resumed. Two hours later, condition of the patient improved, and he was extubated. After two days, when the patient got stable, the echocardiography was performed, which was completely normal.
LEGAL TERMINOLOGY PHENOMENON IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN LEGAL SYSTEM EVOLUTION
Authors: Yu. Turanin Vladislav , E. Tonkov Evgenii , A. Kuprieva Irina , A. Pozharova Lyubov , A. Turanina Neonila
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the legal terminology phenomenon in the context of modern legal system evolution. Methodology: In the present research different general scientific methods and ways of logical cognition are used. Analysis and synthesis methods were applied for the studying purpose of legal terminology entity and also its conversion to a legal terminological system. Result: On the basis of the Russian legal system periodization stages of the legal terminological system forming were marked out. In the present context the attention to logical and legal circumstances that directly influence emergence of legal terms is paid. These terms serve as premises for legal terminological systems appearing: need to express an entity of the new legal phenomenon or process; need for its language denomination, visualization, and, respectively, systematic conversion of a legal idea to legal standard. Evolution features of a legal terminological system in terms of its consecutive change occurring under the influence of two factors are investigated: terminological continuity and differentiation. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the legal terminology phenomenon in the context of modern legal system evolution is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
A CHOICE OF LEGAL ACT DURING LAW-MAKING PROCESS
Authors: B. Rumyantsev Mikhail , Yu. Turanin Vladislav , V. Akopyan Arsen , V. Alontseva Dina , V. Batova Olga
Published: October 2019

Purpose: There is a problem of legal act choice during the law-making process considered in the paper. A method for step-by-step choice algorithm is advanced. The algorithm is associated with public relationship assessment. The public relationships to be regulated must have a certain social value. Methodology: The method for step-by-step choice is developed based on the public relationship assessment method extracted from law books. Despite existing in law books the criteria for public regulation needs, the method for act choice itself was not elaborated. The new methodological tools to create driving law-making researches are introduced. Result: The law-making solutions must appear from objective public relationships needs to change which are stem from the political, economic and social conditions considered. Law-making solution projects should be legally examined as well as drawn up through public discussion which can help to find optimal alternative of the solution. The problem of interrelation between harmonization and uniformization on different legal regulation levels is also marked. Self-Regulation in private law branch is represented to be maximally developed because the higher self-regulation the fewer laws, orders, regulations, and instructions to be adopted. All legal act choices should promote self-regulation as much as possible. This could reduce law-enforcement authorities’ load. Legal act choice is a weak scientific field in which much is to be done. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model choice of the legal act during law-making PROCESS is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
MODERN STUDENT VALUE-SEMANTIC ATTITUDE FORMATION TOWARDS CHOSEN OCCUPATION IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: S. Krylova Yulia , G. Artemova Evgeniya , A. Bodina Elena , N. Telysheva Natalia , L. Knyazeva Galina , V. Pokrovskaya Svetlana , N. Charikova Irina , G. Kashina Svetlana
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study:  The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for students’ value-semantic attitude formation towards the chosen occupation based on the University educational environment resources activation. This attitude, as practical experience proves, allows more successfully carry out occupational activities, strive for self-improvement of labor skills, and permanently extrapolates this attitude to the profession in one’s own life. Methodology: Research on testing models of value-semantic attitude’s formation to the profession among the students was conducted in the period from 2009 to 2018. Experimental research covered 395 people, including 339 students and 56 teachers. The following techniques and tests contributing to diagnostics were used for the study: the personality's strong-willed organization, the training motivation, educational achievements and need for them, valuable orientation-based unity of the group, the attitude to specific types of occupational activity. Results: The article clarifies the concept of value-semantic attitude to the profession, characterizes the educational environment of the University in the context of this problem, presents the functions and components of the axiological approach aimed at the development of the University educational environment; defines the pedagogical conditions under which students’ value-semantic attitude to the chosen profession will be qualitatively formed. The article reveals the possibilities of simulating such an educational environment. The article describes the results of the interrelated components’ implementation of the developed model for value-semantic relations’ formation, implemented for many years in educational institutions of higher education. Applications of this study:  The possibility of educational courses, methods, forms and training technologies adaptation to the educational environment of universities, regardless of their profile orientation is described. Novelty/Originality of this study: The article proposes adapted and developed diagnostic methods; presents the developed criteria and levels to identify the formation of value-semantic attitude to the profession among the students.
Relationships Between Adolescents' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Fears Related to HIV/AIDS
Authors: Mahat Ganga
Published: October 2019

Aims

To explore adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and fears of HIV/AIDS and to examine relationships between these variables and demographic variables among female adolescents.

Background

HIV/AIDS is one of the major public health concerns all around the world, including India. Although the prevalence of HIV infection is low, it is still considered a high risk among Indian youth because of low and inaccurate HIV/AIDs knowledge, low condom usage and unsafe sexual practice, and lack of access to information.

Methods

A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. A convenience sample of 150 adolescents attending one of the girls' high schools completed demographic and HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude questions in June 2018. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson-product–moment correlation coefficients.

Results

The majority of adolescents had a moderate degree of HIV/AIDS knowledge, however; many of them still had misconceptions about modes of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention of HIV infection. Most of the adolescents had fairly positive attitudes and beliefs toward people with HIV/AIDS. About three-fourths of the participants were afraid of getting HIV/AIDS. The total HIV/AIDS knowledge was positively correlated with age (r = 0.288, p < .000), fathers' education (r = 0.235, p < .003), fear of getting HIV infection (r = 0.222, p < .005), and discussion about sexually transmitted diseases with parents (r = 0.195, p < .01).

Conclusion

The findings indicate a need for educating students on HIV/AIDS, which can be accomplished by incorporating information regarding HIV transmission and prevention into their school curriculum. School-based educational program could be beneficial.
Farklı bor içeren sulama sularının arpa ve buğday bitkisine etkileri
Authors: SEFEROĞLU Saime , KAPTAN Mustafa Ali
Published: October 2019

Bor’a (B) karşı yarı dayanıklı bitki olan arpa ve buğday bitkilerinin farklı
konsantrasyonlarda bor içeren sularla sulanması ile gelişme durumları ve bor
toksitesine karşı dayanıklılıklarının araştırıldığı bu çalışmada farklı bor konsantrasyonlarına sahip
sulama suları ile Kaşifbey ekmeklik
buğday çeşidi ve Barbaros (6 sıralı) arpa çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Bor
konsantrasyonları, disodyum oktaborat
(Na₂ B₈ O₁₃.4H₂O) ile 0 -0.5 -1.0 -2.0
-3.0 -4.0 -5.0 mg l-1 şeklinde oluşturulmuş ve bitkilere eşit
miktarlarda sulama suyu olarak verilmiştir. Deneme sonunda saksı toprağında bor
değerleri, bitkilerde ise boy, başak sayısı, % kuru madde ve tüm bitkide bor
değerleri belirlenmiştir. Buğday yetiştirilen toprakların bor içeriğinin arpa
yetiştirilen toprakların bor içeriğinden daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Bitkilerin boy, başak adedi, yaş ağırlık, kuru ağırlık ve % kuru madde
değerleri bor konsantrasyonu arttıkça kontrole göre azalmış ve 5 mg l-1 dozunda en düşük seviyede belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin bor içerikleri artan
bor konsantrasyonuna paralel olarak artmış ve en yüksek bor değeri arpa ve
buğday bitkilerinin her ikisinde de 5 mg l-1 dozunda
belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca buğday bitkisinin (48.60 mg l-1) arpaya (38.88 mg l-1) göre daha çok B kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Sulama suyunda artan bor
konsantrasyonundan, buğdayın arpaya göre daha çok etkilendiği gözlenmiştir.
Green Affordable Housing: Implications of Costs and Benefits for Municipal Incentives
Authors: Yeganeh Armin Jeddi , McCoy Andrew Patton , Hankey Steve
Published: October 2019

In the year 2017, about 89 percent of the total energy consumed in the US was produced using non-renewable energy sources, and about 43 percent of tenant households were cost-burdened. Local governments are in a unique position to facilitate green affordable housing that could reduce cost burdens, environmental degradation, and environmental injustice. Nonetheless, limited studies have made progress on costs and benefits of green affordable housing to guide decision-making, particularly in small communities. This study investigates density bonus options for green affordable housing by analyzing construction costs, sale prices, and spillover effects for green certifications and affordable housing units. The authors employ construction costs and sale data from 422 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) projects and 11,418 Multiple Listing Service (MLS) transactions in Virginia. Using hedonic regression analyses controlling for mediating factors, we find that the new construction of market-rate green certified houses is associated with small upfront costs but large and statistically significant price premiums. The construction of market-rate green certified houses has large and statistically significant spillover effects on existing non-certified houses. Existing non-certified affordable housing units show small and statistically insignificant negative price impacts on transactions of surrounding properties. The magnitude of social benefits associated with green building justifies the local provision of voluntary programs for green affordable housing where housing is expensive relative to its basic costs of production to promote sustainable development.
Factors Involved in the Functional Motor Recovery of Rats with Cortical Ablation after GH and Rehabilitation Treatment: Cortical Cell Proliferation and Nestin and Actin Expressions in Striatum and Thalamus
Authors: Heredia Margarita , Rodríguez Natalia , Sánchez Robledo Virginia , Criado José María , de la Fuente Antonio , Devesa Jesús , Devesa Pablo , Sánchez Riolobos Adelaida
Published: October 2019

Previously we demonstrated, in rats, that the treatment with growth hormone (GH) and rehabilitation, carried out immediately after a motor cortical ablation, significantly improved the motor affectation produced by the lesion and induced the re-expression of nestin in the contralateral motor cortex. Here we analyze cortical proliferation after ablation of the frontal motor cortex and investigate the re-expression of nestin in the contralateral motor cortex and the role of the striatum and thalamus in motor recovery. The rats were subjected to ablation of the frontal motor cortex in the dominant hemisphere or sham-operated and immediately treated with GH or vehicle (V), for five days. At 1 dpi (days after injury), 5 rats received daily injections (4 days) of bromodeoxyuridine and were sacrificed. The other 15 rats (n = 5 / group) underwent treatment and rehabilitation and were sacrificed at 25 dpi. GH induced the greatest number of proliferating cells in the perilesional cortex. GH and rehabilitation produced the functional recovery of the motor lesion and increased the expression of nestin in the striatum. In the thalamic ventral nucleus ipsilateral to the lesion, cells positive for nestin and actin were detected, but this was independent of GH. Our data suggest that GH-induced striatal nestin is involved in motor recovery.
An Affordable Image Detector and a Low-Cost Evaluation System for Computed Tomography Using Neutrons, X-Rays or Visible Light
Authors: Schillinger Burkhard
Published: October 2019

Neutron computed tomography (nCT) has been established at many major neutron sources worldwide, using high-end equipment requiring major investment and development. Many older and smaller reactors would be capable of doing nCT as well, but cannot afford the investment before feasibility is proven. We have developed a compact low-cost but high-quality detection system using a new cooled CMOS camera that can either be fully integrated into a sophisticated setup, or used with a rudimentary CT control and motion system to quickly evaluate feasibility of neutron CT at a given beam line facility. Exchanging the scintillation screen makes it feasible for X-rays as well, even for visible light (and transparent samples) using a matte screen. The control system uses a hack to combine motion control with existing imaging software so it can be used to test several dozen different cameras without writing specific drivers. Freeware software can do reconstruction and 3D imaging.
Local Adjuvant Substances Following Curettage of Bone Tumors
Authors: Bickels Jacob , Campanacci Domenico A.
Published: October 2019

➤ Benign and low-grade malignant tumors of bone that require intralesional excision by means of curettage are often also treated by a variety of local adjuvant substances for the destruction of any microscopic disease remaining within the tumoral cavity.

➤ Concerns about the efficacy and associated morbidity of these adjuvants have often been raised, and the indication for their use is still being debated.

➤ The superiority of a single adjuvant has not been documented.

➤ Polymethylmethacrylate is not considered a local adjuvant to curettage but rather a mechanical reinforcement of the tumoral cavity.

➤ Meticulous tumor curettage and high-speed burring through wide exposure of the tumoral cavity is apparently the key factor in efficacious local tumor control.
Континуальность трехзначных логик: проблемы и гипотезы
Authors: Карпенко А.С.
Published: October 2019

Рассмотрены функциональные свойства трехзначных логик. Среди этих логик выделяются те, у которых замкнутые классы функций имеют мощность континуума. Обсуждается проблема континуальности трехзначной логики Бочвара и выдвигается гипотеза о критериях континуальности произвольной трехзначной логики.
На пути к протологике
Authors: Карпенко А.С.
Published: October 2019

Данная статья посвящена проблеме оснований логики. Прослеживается путь развития логики к обобщению и абстракции. Центральными понятиями здесь являются минимальная логика, базовая логика, абстрактная логика, универсальная логика, протологика.