bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine transfer RNA levels and modifications during blood‐feeding and vitellogenesis in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Kelley Melissa , Holmes Christopher J. , Herbert Cassandra , Rayhan Asif , Joves Judd , Uhran Melissa , Klaus Lucas , Frigard Ronja , Singh Khwahish , Limbach Patrick A. , Addepalli Balasubrahmanyam , Benoit Joshua B.
Published: August 2024

Mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti must consume a blood meal for the nutrients necessary for egg production. Several transcriptome and proteome changes occur post‐blood meal that likely corresponds with codon usage alterations. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the adapter molecule that reads messenger RNA codons to add the appropriate amino acid during protein synthesis. Chemical modifications to tRNA enhance codon decoding, improving the accuracy and efficiency of protein synthesis. Here, we examined tRNA modifications and transcripts associated with the blood meal and subsequent periods of vitellogenesis in A. aegypti. More specifically, we assessed tRNA transcript abundance and modification levels in the fat body at critical times post blood‐feeding. Based on a combination of alternative codon usage and identification of particular modifications, we discovered that increased transcription of tyrosine tRNAs is likely critical during the synthesis of egg yolk proteins in the fat body following a blood meal. Altogether, changes in both the abundance and modification of tRNA are essential factors in the process of vitellogenin production after blood‐feeding in mosquitoes.
How expected party affiliation influences attitudes toward immigrants? Experimental evidence from the United States
Authors: Ayasli Enes
Published: August 2024

What explains natives' attitudes towards immigrants in host countries? This paper argues that not only economic and cultural but also political threat perceptions influence attitude formation. Natives consider the political balance of power and calculate the potential political benefits of admitting immigrants. This is because expected in‐party members will affect the balance of power in their favour. Leveraging a conjoint experiment in the United States, this study explores whether an immigrant's expected party affiliation shapes native attitudes. The findings indicate that immigrants with defined party affiliations are favoured compared to non‐affiliated ones. Moreover, respondents favoured immigrants perceived as political allies and penalized those seen as rivals. Expected party affiliation is even a strong predictor of attitudes for natives with existing anti‐immigrant attitudes as they curbed their negativities and favoured certain party identities. Overall, results suggest the pivotal role of political considerations as well as the importance of studying unexplored factors in attitude formation on immigration.
Effectiveness of a message service on child oral health practice via a social media application: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Choonhawarakorn K. , Kasemkhun P. , Leelataweewud P.
Published: August 2024

Background

Early establishment of healthy oral health behaviours is important to reduce early childhood caries risk. Two‐way social media applications can economically assist caregivers.

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of a LINE™ messaging service (MS) on promoting good oral health behaviors in Thai children.

Design

One hundred and ninety caregiver–child dyads (children aged 6–36 months) who attended a university dental hospital and two other hospitals were randomly assigned to receive age‐appropriate dental health education via MS or through traditional on‐site visits. Infographic posters, video clips, and supportive messages were delivered weekly to the MS group. Parental oral health knowledge and children's oral health status and practice were assessed at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

The MS group showed significantly better scores in feeding habits (p = .034) and toothbrushing practice (p = .007). Parental knowledge increased in both groups; however, knowledge increased significantly in the control group (p = .001). Both groups exhibited improvements in the debris score but not in caries progression. The caregivers rated both methods as high to the highest satisfaction.

Conclusions

The MS yielded comparable outcomes to traditional dental visits in promoting oral health behaviours.
Epidemiologic and Virologic Characteristics of Influenza in Lao PDR, 2016–2023
Authors: Wodniak Natalie , Vilivong KeoOudomphone , Khamphaphongphane Bouaphanh , Sengkeopraseuth Bounthanom , Somoulay Virasack , Chiew May , Ketmayoon Pakapak , Jiao Melissa , Phimmasine Sonesavanh , Co Kim Carmela , Leuangvilay Phetdavanh , Otsu Satoko , Khanthamaly Viengphone , Keopaseuth Phayvanh , Davis William W. , Montgomery Martha P. , Xangsayyarath Phonepadith
Published: August 2024

Background

Influenza sentinel surveillance in Lao PDR is used to inform seasonal vaccination programs. This analysis reviews epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of influenza virus infection over 8 years, before and after emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2.

Methods

Data collected for ILI and SARI surveillance during January 2016 through December 2023 were analyzed from nine hospitals. Respiratory specimens from ILI and SARI cases were tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to determine influenza positivity and subtype and lineage. Aggregate counts of outpatient visits and hospitalizations were collected from hospital logbooks. Epidemiologic trends of influenza activity were described, and the proportional contribution of influenza‐associated ILI and SARI to outpatient and inpatient loads was estimated.

Results

Influenza was detected year‐round with positivity peaking during September through January and occurring in most years approximately 1 month earlier in the south than the north. After decreasing in 2 years following the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza positivity increased in 2022 and resumed its typical temporal trend. Influenza‐associated ILI contribution to outpatient visits was highest among children ages 5–14 years (3.0% of all outpatient visits in 2023), and influenza‐associated SARI contribution to inpatient hospitalizations was highest among children ages 2–4 years (2.2% of all hospitalizations in 2023).

Conclusions

Influenza surveillance in Lao PDR provides clinicians and public health authorities with information on geographic and temporal patterns of influenza transmission. Influenza surveillance data support current vaccination timing and recommendations to vaccinate certain populations, especially young children.
Phase and defect structures of MnO2‐doped 75BiFeO3–25BaTiO3 ceramics and their effects on electrical properties
Authors: Tang Lin , Zhou Xuefan , Habib Muhammad , Wang Qijun , Xue Guoliang , Zhang Yan , Yuan Xi , Zhang Dou
Published: August 2024

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3)‐based high‐temperature piezoelectric ceramics have high Curie temperatures and excellent thermal stability; however, their applications are limited by inadequate piezoelectric performance due to large coercive fields and high leakage conduction. This study investigates the impact of MnO2 doping on the phase transition, defect structure, domain morphology, as well as the dielectric, ferroelectric, and electrical conduction behaviors of 75BiFeO3–25BaTiO3 ceramics sintered under an oxygen atmosphere. A structural transformation from distorted rhombohedral to pseudo‐cubic symmetry was observed with increasing MnO2 content, accompanied by domain fragmentation. MnO2 doping at an appropriate level inhibited defects such as and . Regarding electrical properties, the reduction in rhombohedral distortion and enhancement in the pseudo‐cubic phase after MnO2 doping resulted in decreased remanent polarization and electrostrain, which could potentially hinder piezoelectric response. However, appropriate MnO2 doping effectively reduced leakage conduction, significantly enhancing the poling efficiency of the ceramics. The maximum d33 value of 107 pC/N and kp of 0.36 were achieved at an MnO2 doping content of 0.1 wt.%. Excessive MnO2 addition may generate defect dipoles, as indicated by increased coercive field (Ec) and dielectric loss. The observed increase in high‐temperature resistivity with MnO2 content is primarily attributed to reduced grain size and increased concentration of mobile defects. This study provides valuable insights for further research on the application of 75BiFeO3–25BaTiO3 systems in high‐temperature piezoelectric devices.
Emergency nurses' experiences of caring for brought‐in‐dead persons and their relatives—a qualitative study
Authors: Bove D. G. , Simonsen S. S. , Herling S. F. , Timm H.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To explore how emergency nurses experienced caring for brought‐in‐dead persons and their relatives, and what hindered or facilitated this care in an emergency setting.

Design

A qualitative study using Interpretive Description.

Methods

Data were collected as individual interviews with 13 nurses at seven Danish emergency departments from February to June 2023.

Findings

Our analysis revealed the overarching theme ‘Navigating the complexities of providing holistic care in a constrained environment’, covering five sub‐themes: (1) An important yet not recognized nursing task; (2) Pending care needs of the living and the dead; (3) No physical or mental room for the brought‐in‐dead persons; (4) Utilizing personal experiences in the absence of formal education and training and (5) Navigating professionalism and empathy.

Conclusion

Emergency departments posed unique challenges in providing care to brought‐in‐dead persons and their relatives.

Implications for the Profession

The unrecognized nature of caring for brought‐in‐dead persons and their relatives suggests a universal undervaluation of this care in emergency departments.

Impact

Care for brought‐in‐dead persons and their relatives is neither recognized nor evidence‐based. This study initiates a discussion of the circumstances for delivering care for persons brought‐in‐dead and has an impact on nurses and nursing leaders employed in emergency departments.

Reporting Method

The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
Medicaid long‐term services and supports and caregiving needs of caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Mastrogiannis Ariana M. , Steinway Caren , Santos Telmo C. , Chen Jack , Berens John , Davis Thomas , Cornacchia Michelle , Woodward Jason , Riddle Ilka , Spicer Brittany , Wright Charmaine , Lindquist Lee A. , Jan Sophia
Published: August 2024

Background

Long‐term care services are funded primarily by Medicaid long‐term services and support in the United States, where eligibility is based on care needs of the individual with intellectual and developmental disability alone. Impact of Medicaid waiver services on self‐reported caregiver needs is not well understood.

Method

Caregivers (n = 405) of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities across four states (NY, OH, TX, and PA) completed an online survey.

Results

Caregivers reported a moderate degree of burden and susceptibility of stress‐induced health breakdown. Despite controlling for the activities of daily living of the care recipient, caregivers of individuals with Medicaid Waiver services reported greater difficulty managing medications (p = .013) and finding paid help (p < .001) than caregivers of individuals without services.
Salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers during periodontitis progression and after treatment
Authors: Teles Flavia R. F. , Chandrasekaran Ganesh , Martin Lynn , Patel Michele , Kallan Michael J. , Furquim Camila , Hamza Tahir , Cucchiara Andrew J. , Kantarci Alpdogan , Urquhart Olivia , Sugai James , Giannobile William V.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To identify serum‐ and salivary‐derived inflammatory biomarkers of periodontitis progression and determine their response to non‐surgical treatment.

Materials and Methods

Periodontally healthy (H; n = 113) and periodontitis patients (P; n = 302) were monitored bi‐monthly for 1 year without therapy. Periodontitis patients were re‐examined 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Participants were classified according to disease progression: P0 (no sites progressed; P1: 1–2 sites progressed; P2: 3 or more sites progressed). Ten salivary and five serum biomarkers were measured using Luminex. Log‐transformed levels were compared over time according to baseline diagnosis, progression trajectory and after NSPT. Significant differences were sought using linear mixed models.

Results

P2 presented higher levels (p < .05) of salivary IFNγ, IL‐6, VEGF, IL‐1β, MMP‐8, IL‐10 and OPG over time. Serum analytes were not associated with progression. NSPT led to clinical improvement and significant reduction of IFNγ, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β, MMP‐8, IL‐10, OPG and MMP‐9 in saliva and of CRP, MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and MPO in serum.

Conclusions

Periodontitis progression results from a sustained pro‐inflammatory milieu that is reflected in salivary biomarkers, but less so in serum, likely because of the limited amount of progression per patient. NSPT can significantly decrease the levels of several salivary analytes.
Islet transplantation in Korea
Authors: Lee Joonyub , Yoon Kun‐Ho
Published: August 2024

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, which requires life‐long insulin replacement. Exogenous multiple‐daily insulin injections are most commonly prescribed for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, exogenous insulin supply often fails to cope with real‐time changing life‐log variables, such as activity, diet and stress, which results in recurrent hypo‐ and hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Islet transplantation is an ideal method to treat patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as it can restore the endogenous capacity of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. However, due to donor scarcity and technical barriers, only a limited number of islet transplantations have been carried out in Asia, including South Korea. Since 2013, our center has carried out two allogenic islet transplantations, with one case leading to near total insulin independence after one‐to‐one islet transplantation. Although the other patient failed to restore endogenous insulin production, there was a remarkable improvement in hypoglycemia. We speculate that islet transplantation remains an important and ideal treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who suffer from recurrent severe hypoglycemia.
Coexistence of high visceral fat area and sarcopenia is associated with atherosclerotic markers in old‐old patients with diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sato Motoya , Tamura Yoshiaki , Murao Yuji , Yorikawa Fumino , Katsumata Yuu , Watanabe So , Zen Shugo , Kodera Remi , Oba Kazuhito , Toyoshima Kenji , Chiba Yuko , Araki Atsushi
Published: August 2024

Aims/Introduction

To investigate whether sarcopenic obesity is associated with the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in older patients with diabetes and to identify the obesity components of sarcopenic obesity that best reflect atherosclerosis.

Materials and Methods

In 118 inpatients aged ≥75 years with diabetes mellitus, sarcopenia defined as a low skeletal muscle mass and low grip strength was assessed, and sarcopenia coexisting with a high body‐fat percentage or visceral fat area was defined as sarcopenic obesity. Correlations between the obesity components and atherosclerotic markers, including the carotid intima‐media thickness, were analyzed; the intima‐media thickness was analyzed in four groups with and without obesity and sarcopenia, and a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for covariates was conducted to investigate whether sarcopenic obesity was independently associated with the intima‐media thickness.

Results

The visceral fat area and intima‐media thickness showed positive correlations in the overall patients (P = 0.032) and the sarcopenia (P = 0.016) group but showed no associations in participants without sarcopenia. The intima‐media thickness in the group showing sarcopenia with a high visceral fat area was significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.012). Sarcopenic obesity defined by a high body‐fat percentage and high visceral fat area was independently associated with the intima‐media thickness even after adjusting for age, sex, and atherogenic risk factors. However, sarcopenic obesity defined by a high visceral fat area was more strongly associated with the intima‐media thickness (β = 0.384, P = 0.002) than that defined by the high body‐fat percentage (β = 0.237, P = 0.068).

Conclusions

Sarcopenic obesity, especially that defined by visceral fat accumulation, reflected the risk of atherosclerotic lesion progression in older patients with diabetes.
Global prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food contaminated by Staphylococcus spp.—Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Freitas Juliana Karla Garcia Ribeiro , de Assis Cristiane Fernandes , de Oliveira Thailla Raquel Moura , de Sousa Bruno Jonatan , de Medeiros Maia Cláudio Márcio , Pereira Annemberg Salvino , de Medeiros Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva , Seabra Larissa Mont'Alverne Jucá , Damasceno Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves
Published: August 2024

This systematic review (SR) and meta‐analysis integrates the results of studies on the occurrence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE), the knowledge related to the profile of the foods most often involved, and the types of SE found. The study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for SR and Meta‐Analyses, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42021258223). Primary cross‐sectional studies that report the analysis of SEs in food contaminated by Staphylococcus spp. were selected. All stages of study selection and data extraction were performed by two researchers independently, and in cases of conflicts, a third researcher was consulted. To assess the risk of bias, we used the critical appraisal checklist of the Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 3012 reports were listed initially and 217 after the search update. After removing the duplicates, 2535 studies were found combining all databases and manual searches. Thus, 38 studies were included in this SR. In the meta‐analysis, group 1 (dairy products) showed a prevalence of positive samples for SE of 15.38%, group 2 (meat products) 1.78% and group 3 (other foods) 27.11%. The results showed a considerable prevalence of SE in food contaminated by Staphylococcus spp., especially in group 3, which included mixed and ready‐to‐eat foods. This SR contributes to the study of the epidemiological profile and highlights the importance of adopting more effective prevention measures and policies aimed at improving public health.
Impact of changes in recommendation of optimal gestational weight gain in Japan: A retrospective study in a single tertiary center
Authors: Umehara Kotono , Nakanishi Sayuri , Kojima Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Masafumi , Shindo Ryosuke , Obata Soichiro , Miyagi Etsuko , Aoki Shigeru
Published: August 2024

Aim

In March 2021, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare revised the optimal gestational weight gain standards. In this study, we examined whether this revision affected gestational weight gain and low birth weight rates.

Methods

We analyzed the records of singleton pregnant women who underwent checkups from their 1st trimester and delivered at our institute after 37 weeks between 2020 and 2021 (before the revision) and between 2022 and 2023 (after the revision). Pregnancy outcomes were assessed in the following four groups stratified by pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI): underweight (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2), normal‐weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI: ≥30 kg/m2). Leaflets on the optimal gestational weight gain standards for each group were distributed to all pregnant women at the first prenatal checkup.

Results

In each group, gestational weight gain did not change before and after the revision, with the corresponding values of 10.8 kg and 11.1 kg in the underweight (p = 0.94), 10.7 kg and 10.4 kg in the normal weight (p = 0.14), 9.7 kg and 9.2 kg in the overweight (p = 0.32), and 7.4 kg and 6.7 kg in the obese (p = 0.44) groups. Furthermore, the prevalence of low birth weight did not decrease in all groups.

Conclusions

No significant differences in gestational weight gain or low birth weight were observed after the revision of the 2021 gestational weight gain recommendations. Merely distributing leaflets to pregnant women may not be sufficient to improve gestational weight gain or reduce low birth weight rates.
Young adults with kidney failure lived experiences of kidney replacement therapy decision‐making
Authors: Ofori‐Ansah Sarah , Evans Michelle , Baillie Lesley , Moorley Calvin
Published: August 2024

Background

Young adults living with kidney failure make decisions to select a kidney replacement therapy choice in partnership with healthcare professionals. However, little is known about how they experience kidney replacement therapy treatment decision‐making and the impact this has on their well‐being.

Objectives

To explore young adults living with kidney failure experiences of treatment decision‐making. The treatment decision‐making investigated is about the choice of dialysis and/or kidney transplant options.

Design

A qualitative interpretive hermeneutic phenomenology study.

Participants

Purposeful sampling was used to recruit young adults with kidney failure from social media, electronic media such as local kidney group websites and word of mouth. Semistructured interviews were conducted with (n = 18) participants aged 18–30 years.

Approach

Inductive analysis of the data were performed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework.

Findings

The five themes generated were (1) awareness and anticipation of future kidney replacement therapy decision; (2) health information and education; (3) engaging in decision‐making, support and choices; (4) implementation of kidney replacement therapy and transitioning into the new normal life and (5) the impact of decision‐making and choice on well‐being.

Conclusions

Decision‐making significantly affected young adults' psychosocial and mental well‐being. Young adults had unmet informational and decisional needs and struggled to cope due to lack of support. A four‐talk model, with an implement talk phase added to the existing three‐talk (team talk, option talk, decision talk) shared decision‐making model, would promote a focus on the implementation of choice and support the transitioning from previous life to long‐term dependence on treatment.
Urticaria multiforme in Asian children
Authors: Kan Sheau Y , Koh Mark JA , Wee Lynette WY
Published: August 2024

Aim

Urticaria multiforme is an uncommon presentation of acute urticaria. It most commonly affects children and most often occurs secondary to an underlying viral infection. We performed a retrospective review of a cohort of Asian children with urticaria multiforme and reviewed the literature on the condition.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical notes of children and adolescents less than 16 years of age, diagnosed with urticaria multiforme at our tertiary paediatric hospital between January 2017 and December 2022. Data collected and analysed included age, gender, initial diagnosis, antecedent symptoms, recent immunisations and medications, results of diagnostic tests, treatment and outcome.

Results

A total of 20 children were identified, with median age of diagnosis of 1.9 years, with most patients (79%) 7 years of age or younger. Viral infections were the commonest triggers. The most common referring diagnoses were erythema multiforme and Stevens–Johnson syndrome. Common antecedent or concomitant symptoms were fever and upper respiratory symptoms. Blood investigations were generally unremarkable except for mildly increased white cell counts and other markers of infection. Outcomes were good in all patients, with resolution of symptoms within 6 weeks without sequelae.

Conclusion

Urticaria multiforme is an uncommon presentation of acute urticaria. Despite its striking appearance, it is generally a benign, self‐limiting condition. Extensive investigations are usually not required and management is largely supportive.
Evaluation of a carbohydrase (xylanase and glucanase) enzyme complex in diets for Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus
Authors: Stites William , Weldon Alexis , Reis João , Ito Paulo , Rhodes Melanie , Davis D. Allen
Published: August 2024

Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus, can be fed soy‐based, low‐animal protein diets. However, anti‐nutritional factors and carbohydrates limit digestibility. Dietary carbohydrase enzymes have been used to improve carbohydrate digestibility in several species and may be beneficial for Florida pompano. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of using a carbohydrase enzyme complex (Natugrain® TS L, BASF Corporation, Ludwigshafen, Germany) composed of endo‐1,4‐ß‐xylanase and endo‐1,4‐ß‐glucanase (Xyl + Glu) on growth performance, feed utilization, and digestibility in diets fed to juvenile Florida pompano. A growth trial was conducted with iso‐nitrogenous (40%) and iso‐lipidic (8%) test diets containing 0, 0.015, 0.030, and 0.045% of Xyl + Glu. The trial was conducted in a recirculating system with 12, 1000‐L tanks. Twenty fish (mean weight: 23.34 g ± 1.49 g) were stocked into each tank in a randomized design. Growth results indicated that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in growth and feed conversion; however, thermal growth coefficient displayed significant differences (p = 0.0499) between the 0.015 and 0.030% inclusion. All enzymatic treatments displayed significant differences (p = 0.029) in apparent digestibility of crude protein compared with the basal diet. Results indicate that Xyl + Glu enzyme complex can impact protein digestibility but did not significantly affect growth performance.
Reporting Eye‐Tracking Research in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism: A Synthesis and Field‐Specific Guidelines
Authors: Godfroid Aline , Finch Brittany , Koh Joanne
Published: August 2024

Eye tracking has taken hold in second language acquisition (SLA) and bilingualism as a valuable technique for researching cognitive processes, yet a comprehensive picture of reporting practices is still lacking. Our systematic review addressed this gap. We synthesized 145 empirical eye‐tracking studies, coding for 58 reporting features and applying a gap analysis to the codings. Although certain aspects of reporting, such as descriptions of auxiliary assumptions, equipment, and setup, were consistently implemented, we found significant variation and sometimes complete omission of crucial details surrounding aspects of data quality and of data preprocessing and cleaning. This lack of information hinders the evaluation of methodological rigor and overall study quality of eye‐tracking research. We propose a set of field‐specific reporting guidelines in the form of a checklist to improve the quality of data collected and contribute to the larger goal of advancing the replication and reproducibility of eye‐tracking research in SLA and bilingualism.
Night‐time sleep of intensive care patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Erkoc Arzu , Polat Dunya Cansu , Uren Sibel
Published: August 2024

Background

The quality of the sleep in the intensive care unit (ICU) is generally poor. It is known that several factors contribute to this situation.

Aim

To describe the experiences of adult patients during night‐time sleep in the ICU.

Design

A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted from May to October 2021. Patients were intensive care patients (n = 10) who were treated for at least 24 h in tertiary ICUs.

Methods

The data were obtained through semi‐structured interviews based on an interview guide. A qualitative content analysis using an inductive approach was performed.

Results

The analysis resulted in three main themes: (a) inadequate sleep at night; (b) factors negatively affecting night‐time sleep; and (c) patient expectations for improved night‐time sleep. Night‐time sleep of patients treated in intensive care were determined to generally have inadequate and be interrupted. Patients associated the cause of this situation with the physical environment conditions in the ICU, loud noises made by health employees and emotional reactions. It was stated that some physical environment changes that can be made in ICUs and psychological support will positively affect sleep.

Conclusions

Intensive care patients may not have quality night‐time sleep because of multifactorial reasons. Noise in the ICU is a significant factor preventing patients from sleeping. In addition to reorganization of the physical environment to ensure adequate sleep, there is a need for an integrated approach dealing with patients' feelings and concerns.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Each patient has their own unique sleep pattern. To ensure effective management of sleep problems, health professionals should organize care and physical conditions in line with guidelines and create patient‐specific night‐time sleep management programmes.
A regional analysis of climate change effects on global snow crab fishery
Authors: Tao Jingjing , Quagrainie Kwamena K. , Foster Kenneth A. , Widmar Nicole Olynk
Published: August 2024

The snow crab fishery faces increasing vulnerability to environmental factors, yet the literature on the relationship between climate change and snow crab harvest remains limited. This study estimates snow crab harvest functions using climate change indicators with unbalanced panel data of snow crab production from the eastern Bering Sea (Alaska), the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada), the Sea of Japan, and the Barents Sea (Norway‐Russia). The relationship between snow crab biomass, stock, and catch is analyzed and the endogeneity of stock in the harvest function is also addressed using climate change indicators as instrumental variables (IVs). The results show that the extent of Arctic sea ice is effective in addressing the endogeneity, and the random effects IV model with error components two stage least squares estimator performs the best to control heterogeneity. A 1% increase in snow crab fishing effort is associated with a 0.42% increase in snow crab harvest, and a 1% increase in snow crab stock causes a 0.98% increase in snow crab harvest. The reported estimates indicate a large stock‐harvest elasticity and provide supporting evidence to prioritize stock enhancement in snow crab fishery policy designs to maintain stocks at sustainable levels and minimize government expenditures on subsidies.

Recommendations

This study explores how snow crab harvests are influenced by snow crab populations and fishing efforts in the context of global warming across various global regions, including the Bering Sea, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Sea of Japan, and the Barents Sea.

A 1% increase in fishing effort is associated with a 0.42% increase in harvest, while a 1% increase in snow crab population leads to a 0.98% increase in harvest, showing a high dependency on snow crab biomass.

Arctic sea ice extent is identified as a crucial climate factor affecting snow crab biomass and harvests, making it a valuable variable for understanding and managing snow crab populations.

The study supports the prioritization of stock enhancement policies by fishery agencies and suggests standardizing how fishing effort is measured across different regions to improve snow crab fishery management and future research.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of loss‐of‐control eating in relation to cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers
Authors: Byrne Meghan E. , Shank Lisa M. , Lavender Jason M. , Higgins‐Neyland Mary Katy , Rice Alexander , Sweeney Regan S. , Norton Candace , Haigney Mark , Yanovski Jack A. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Loss‐of‐control (LOC) eating, or the subjective experience of being unable to stop eating, is a hallmark feature of binge‐eating episodes, which are also characterized by consuming an unusually large amount of food. However, regardless of the size of eating episode, LOC‐eating may be a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. This systematic review and meta‐analysis comprehensively examine the relationship of LOC‐eating with cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers.

Methods

Search procedures were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines in six electronic databases. Studies of adult or youth samples published in English from the year 2000 onward were included. Given heterogeneity in age groups and adjustment for body mass index across studies, these factors were included as meta‐regression moderators.

Results

Fifty‐eight studies were identified through the literature search. Among individuals with (versus without) LOC‐eating, relative risk ratios provided evidence of a greater relative risk for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; standardized mean differences also provided evidence of higher waist circumference and impaired levels of fasting plasma glucose, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, and triglycerides, but not blood pressure. Age group did not impact cardiometabolic health components. Body mass index differences moderated the effect on waist circumference. A narrative review of inflammatory markers revealed mixed findings linking inflammatory markers to LOC‐eating.

Discussion

Overall, evidence for the relationship between LOC‐eating and impaired cardiometabolic health underscores LOC‐eating as an important early intervention target for prevention of serious adverse health outcomes.
Bone Transport for Large Segmental Tibial Defects Using Taylor Spatial Frame versus the Ilizarov Circular Fixator
Authors: Shi Bowen , Zhang Zhongli , Ji Guoqi , Cai Chengkuo , Shu Hengsheng , Ma Xinlong
Published: August 2024

Objective

Bone transport has become the gold standard for treating large segmental tibial bone defects. The technique for application the Ilizarov circular fixator (ICF) has a long learning curve and is associated with many complications. There are few clinical studies on bone transport via the Taylor spatial frame (TSF). The main purpose of this study was to compare the radiological and clinical and outcomes of bone transport by using the TSF and the ICF.

Methods

There were 62 patients included in this retrospective study from June 2011 to June 2021 and distributed to two groups according to the fixation method: a TSF group consisting of 30 patients and an ICF group consisting of 32 patients. Demographic information, surgical duration, external fixation times, external fixation index, final radiographic results, complications, and clinical outcomes were recorded and examined. The clinical outcomes were assessed using the ASAMI criteria during the most recent clinical visit. Then, statistical analysis such as independent‐samples t tests or chi‐Square test was performed.

Results

The mean surgical duration in the TSF group was 93.8 ± 7.3 min, which was shorter than that in the ICF group (109.8 ± 1.4 min) (p < 0.05). Compared to the ICF group (10.2 ± 2.0 months), the TSF group (9.7 ± 1.8 months) had a shorter average external fixation time (p > 0.05). The external fixation index was 1.4 ± 0.2 m/cm and 1.5 ± 0.1 m/cm in the two groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two groups. At the last follow‐up visit, the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA) in the TSF group were 88.1 ± 12.1° and 80.9 ± 1.3°, respectively. The MPTA and PPTA in the ICF group were 84.4 ± 2.4° and 76.2 ± 1.9°, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (all p < 0.05). The complication rate was 50% in the TSF group and 75% in the ICF group. Moreover, the ASAMI score between the two groups was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

No statistically significant difference was found in clinical outcomes between the use of Taylor spatial frame and Ilizarov circular fixator for treating large segmental tibial bone defects. However, TSF is a shorter and simpler procedure that causes fewer complications and improves limb alignment.
Relationships between biatrial substrate and recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lu Yalin , Ma Liang , Yang Jian , Jin Xinyang , Wang Tao , Gao Jing , Li Yawen , Zhang Ni , Yue Qingxiong , Li Shijun
Published: August 2024

Background

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and atrial voltage are acknowledged markers for worse rhythm outcome after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF). The majority of research efforts have been directed towards the left atrium (LA), with relatively fewer studies focusing on the right atrium (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the biatrial substrate on the outcome following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).

Methods

All patients underwent two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) and high‐density mapping (HDM) on LA and RA in preoperative and postoperative stages of RFCA. Atrial substrate was assessed by GLS, average voltage, and low voltage zone (LVZ).

Results

This retrospective study enrolled 48 patients. With a follow‐up of 385.98 ± 161.78 days, 22.92% (11/48) of all patients had AF recurrence and 63.64% in low strain group. Left atrial‐low voltage zone (LA‐LVZ) prior to RFCA was 67.52 ± 15.27% and 54.21 ± 20.07%, respectively, in the recurrence group and non‐recurrence group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative LA‐GLS (OR 0.047, 95%CI 0.002–0.941, p = .046) was independent predictors of AF recurrence. Biatrial average voltage in preoperative and postoperative stages were positively correlated (preoperative: r = 0.563 p < .001; postoperative: r = 0.464 p = .002). There was no significant difference in the proportion of RA in the recurrence group except the septum in preoperative and postoperative stages.

Conclusions

Low LA‐GLS and high LA‐LVZ may be predictors of RFCA recurrence in PeAF patients. Biatrial average voltage were positively correlated in preoperative and postoperative stages.
Transformative impact of positive psychotherapy‐based hope placement program on life goals and hope level of individuals with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gülırmak Güler Kübra , Güleç Keskin Serap , Terzi Murat
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study aimed to assess the impact of a positive psychotherapy‐based hope placement program on life goal setting and hope levels in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Method

A Solomon Four‐Group experimental design was used, involving 50 individuals diagnosed with MS who sought treatment at a university hospital's neurology outpatient clinic. Experimental (1‐2) and control (1‐2) groups were randomized, and pretests were administered exclusively to the experimental and control groups. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Herth Hope Scale, and the Scale for Determining Life Goals in the Context of Positive Psychotherapy. A 5‐week/10‐session Positive Psychotherapy‐Based Hope Placement Program was conducted online for the Experimental groups. The research was conducted in the form of group therapy. Post‐tests were administered to all groups upon program completion.

Results

The experimental 1–2 group exhibited statistically significant improvements in the Scale for Identifying Life Goals in the Context of Positive Psychotherapy and Herth Hope Scale scores (p < .05). The Positive Psychotherapy‐Based Hope Placement Program effectively enhances hope levels and life goal setting for individuals diagnosed with MS.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the program increased the sense of purpose in life and elevated levels of hope among MS patients. These findings suggest that positive psychotherapy‐based interventions significantly improve the quality of life for MS patients.

Clinical or Methodological Significance of this Article

This study examines the impact of a Positive Psychotherapy‐based hope placement program on determining hope and life purpose in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This research shows that HOPP (Hope Placement Program), an intervention based on Positive Psychotherapy, can significantly improve the quality of life of MS patients. These findings support the consideration of Positive Psychotherapy‐based approaches as a potential therapeutic option that can positively influence the life experiences of MS patients. Therefore, this article makes an important contribution to researchers interested in using Positive Psychotherapy‐based interventions in clinical practice and related research.
Are there subintentional actions?
Authors: Hornett William
Published: August 2024

When I fiddle with my hair, or adjust my posture, it is plausible that these activities fall well below my cognitive radar. Some have argued that these are examples of ‘sub‐intentional actions’, actions which are not intentional under any description at all. If true, they are direct counterexamples to the dominant view on which the difference between actions and other events is their intentionality. In this paper, I argue that the case for sub‐intentional actions fails. Firstly, I show that the main argument for the sub‐intentionality of these actions has a structural fault. Secondly, I argue that two apparently natural ways to remedy this fail. Thirdly, I argue that one of the main arguments for thinking of the phenomena as actions undermines thinking of them as sub‐intentional. Finally, I argue that a natural defensive move for the defender of sub‐intentional actions actually undermines the theoretical significance of the view. Ultimately, my aim is to show that although the case for sub‐intentional actions seemed both simple and compelling, it is in fact deeply troubled.
Getting back in shape: Persistence, shape, and relativity
Authors: Himelright Jack , Murgueitio Ramírez Sebastián
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we will introduce a novel argument (the “Region Argument”) that objects do not have frame‐independent shapes in special relativity. The Region Argument lacks vulnerabilities present in David Chalmers' argument for that conclusion based on length contraction. We then examine how views on persistence interact with the Region Argument. We argue that this argument and standard four‐dimensionalist assumptions entail that nothing in a relativistic world has any shape, not even stages or the regions occupied by them. We also argue that endurantists have viable ways of preserving shape despite the Region Argument. The upshot of these arguments is that contrary to conventional wisdom, considerations about shape in relativity support endurantism rather than four‐dimensionalism. We conclude by examining the implications of our discussion for the debate over Edenic shapes, noting that endurantists have a satisfying response to skeptical arguments about Edenic shapes similar to the one they have against the Region Argument.
Predicting hostility towards women: incel‐related factors in a general sample of men
Authors: Zhang Jiewen , Mollandsøy Amalie B. , Nornes Cecilie , Erevik Eilin K. , Pallesen Ståle
Published: August 2024

Hostility towards women is a type of prejudice that can have adverse effects on women and society, but research on predictors of men's hostility towards women is limited. The present study primarily introduced predictors associated with misogynist involuntary celibates (incels), and then investigated whether loneliness, rejection, attractiveness, number of romantic and sexual partners, right‐wing authoritarianism, and gaming predicted hostility towards women among a more general sample of men. A total of 473 men (aged 18–35, single, heterosexual, UK residents) recruited via Prolific answered the hostile sexism subscale, the misogyny scale, the self‐perceived sexual attractiveness scale, the right‐wing authoritarianism scale, the game addiction scale for adolescents, the adult rejection‐sensitivity scale, the UCLA loneliness scale, and self‐developed questions regarding number of sexual and romantic partners, and time spent gaming. We found a strong positive relationship between right‐wing authoritarianism and hostility towards women, as well as a strong convex curvilinear relationship between attractiveness and hostility towards women. The number of sexual partners showed a moderate concave relationship with hostility towards women. We did not find sufficient support for a relationship between gaming and hostility towards women, and there was no support that loneliness, rejection, or romantic partners predicted hostility towards women among a general sample of men. Our study supports right‐wing authoritarianism and self‐perceived attractiveness as potential strong predictors in understanding men's hostility towards women in the wider community.

Pre‐registration: https://osf.io/ms3a4.
Addressing hardship and climate change: Citizens' perceptions of costs of living, social inequalities and priorities for policy
Authors: Irwin Sarah
Published: August 2024

In the wake of rising energy prices and the cost of living crisis, some have claimed that climate policies are at odds with citizens' more pressing everyday living concerns. Critics challenge these simplifying narratives that shorter term economic and social wellbeing priorities and ‘longer term’ decarbonization policies are in tension with one another and argue that effective policies must treat them as interconnected. Evidence regarding how citizens think about climate policy mostly focus on policy acceptability, highlighting the role of perceptions of effectiveness and fairness, but there is a quite limited conceptualization of contexts of social inequality, and even more limited engagement with the views of marginalized groups whose buy‐in is seen as crucial for effective net zero transitions. This paper reviews the evidence and analyses new data from a small exploratory study with citizens from low income and marginalized backgrounds. In group discussions several participants emphasized the importance of tackling both social hardships and climate priorities, seen by some as interlinked. Further, many described wider societal unfairness relating to experiences of poverty, exploitation, a lack of voice or even recognition and a keen sense of disconnect between politics and their own everyday concerns and lived experiences. I argue that climate policy making should engage more fully with contexts of social inequality and that social wellbeing and systematic action on climate change need to be treated by policy makers and politicians as profoundly interlinked challenges.
The leaky chronometer: Evidence for systematic cryptic Pb loss in laser ablation U‐Pb dating of zircon relative to CA‐TIMS
Authors: Howard Benjamin L. , Sharman Glenn R. , Crowley James L. , Wersan Ellen Reat
Published: August 2024

U–Pb dating of zircon via laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) has become a primary method for determining the age of crystalline rocks and the provenance and maximum depositional age of (meta)sedimentary rocks. Although chemical abrasion has become a standard approach for mitigating Pb loss in zircon dated via high‐resolution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA‐TIMS), laser ablation dating is rarely accompanied by chemical abrasion. We evaluate the accuracy of U–Pb dates acquired via LA‐ICP‐MS relative to CA‐TIMS through analysis of a large database of paired analyses from the same zircon crystals. We show that laser ablation 206Pb/238U dates are systematically younger than their CA‐TIMS counterparts, with a greater shift in detrital zircon (−2.0%) versus igneous or metamorphic zircon (−0.9%). Although systematic biases related to “matrix effects” may be a contributing factor, our analysis suggests that unmitigated cryptic Pb loss is likely widespread in laser ablation U–Pb datasets.