bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Quantum Dots in Bio-Sensing, Bio-Imaging, Drug Delivery, Anti-Bacterial Activity, Photo-Thermal, Photo-Dynamic Therapy, and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Rajamanickam Karunanithi
Published: September 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) are of prevalent scientific and technological consideration because of their tunable size and thus frequency change (band-gap energy) in the NIR optical region. QDs have exceptional properties such as optical, physiochemical, electrical, and capacity to be bound to biomolecules. These selective size-dependent attributes of QDs assist them with having versatile applications in optoelectronic and biomedical fields. Their capacity to emit light at various frequencies because of an outer stimulus makes quantum dots perfect for use in imaging, diagnostics, tests for individual particles, and medication transportation frameworks. Ongoing advances in quantum dot design incorporate the potential for these nanocrystals to become therapeutic agents to restore numerous disease conditions themselves via bioconjugation with antibodies or medications. In this chapter, a few advances in the field of biomedical applications, such as bio-sensing, bio-imaging, drug loading capacity, targeted drug delivery, anti-stacking limit hostile to bacterial activity, photo-thermal treatment, photodynamic treatment, and optical properties for biomedical applications are presented, further to a short conversation on difficulties; for example, the biodistribution and harmful toxic effects of quantum dots is also discussed.
Communication and Leadership for Improving ERM Effectiveness
Authors: Wolter Thomas
Published: September 2022

Many companies implementing Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) struggle with its effectiveness. Available studies of risk practitioners’ practices describe and categorise phenomena related to establishing ERM. This qualitative study uses a cross-sectional field design to explore risk practitioners’ communication and leadership practices for achieving and maintaining effectiveness. It forms a practical guide for risk practitioners to manage ERM effectiveness and for organisations to optimise risk development programs. Risk practitioners apply four practice episodes—the first aims at creating shared knowledge and meaning. The second episode emphasises the value-creating capabilities of the organisational ERM. Leadership, the third practice episode, aims at increasing influence in the decision-making processes. Relationship management is the fourth episode centred on balancing independence and involvement. Executing these practices implies risk practitioners gaining referent and expert power, applying participatory, visionary, and affiliated leadership styles, identifying stakeholder needs, and recognising organisational knowledge barriers.
Scope of Real Time Fluorescence Imaging in Esophagectomy
Authors: Rao Thammineedi Subramanyeshwar , Shukla Srijan , Syed Nusrath , Raj Saksena Ajesh , Chyau Patnaik Sujit , Reddy Ramalingam Pratap
Published: September 2022

Esophagectomy is a challenging surgery that is known to be associated with high rates of morbidity. Anastomotic leaks, pneumonia, conduit necrosis and chyle leaks are the commonly reported complications. Perfusion assessment and tissue injection based fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) are the newer clinical applications of fluorescent dyes. With the advent and integration of real time fluorescence imaging with the existing minimal access platforms, the esophageal surgeon can employ these techniques to potentially improve outcomes. During thoracic dissection, thoracic duct lymphography, fluorescence guided airway visualization, tracheal perfusion assessment and sentinel lymph node biopsy/dissection are the reported clinical applications. In the abdominal dissection, gastroepiploic arcade identification, gastric conduit perfusion assessment and proximal esophagus perfusion assessment have been described. Using the different routes of administration, the same dye can be used for different uses at separate points in a single esophagectomy surgery. The principles and evidence pertaining to these applications have been outlined.
Building Success: The Intersection of Emotional Intelligence, Self-Regulation, Grit and Mindset, and High Approval Teaching
Authors: Polirstok Susan
Published: September 2022

This chapter will explore how Emotional Intelligence, Self-Regulation, Grit and Mindset, and High Approval Teaching are building blocks for later life success and what teachers and parents can do to foster development of these important skills. Success in life depends on students being able to learn how to be emotionally intelligent, how to self-regulate one’s behavior, how to take on academic challenges and persevere, and how to identify resources that can facilitate success. Learning about these skills and being able to perform them leads to success, not all at once and not in isolation, but with consistency and helpful feedback. Determining how to be emotionally appropriate in a given setting can generate acceptance from peers and adults. Children need to learn how to recruit reinforcement in the environment from teachers and parents. High approval interactions between children and significant others in the environment helps to create an atmosphere where children do not feel threatened and are encouraged to try out new behaviors and take on more challenging tasks. Reciprocity of approval often does not receive the attention that is warranted, when discussing what makes classroom and home environments conducive to positive and appropriate interactions.
Perspective Chapter: Low Cost Immunosuppressive Strategies in Renal Transplantation
Authors: George Jacob
Published: September 2022

Renal transplantation is the treatment modality of choice in end stage renal disease. However, in low economic countries where government or insurance funding is not available, several patients do not opt for this treatment due to financial constraints. However, there could be options of tailored immunosuppression in both initial intensive induction immunosuppression and subsequent maintenance immunosuppression and immunomodulation thereby making this modality of treatment more cost effective. This could include selective use of induction agents, lesser frequency and dosing, use of cheaper induction agents and their combination, monitoring to decide the minimal dosage and frequency required and cost effective maintenance immunosuppressive agents with dose adjustment based on blood levels.
Thanks for Asking! How UAE-Based University Students Conceptualize Happiness and How Institutions Can Improve It
Authors: Lambert Louise , Khadri Yasmeen , Mayet Suhina , Vedanayagam Jessica , Varma Vaishnavi , S. Kertechian Kevin
Published: September 2022

How happiness is defined depends on who is asked. In the case of universities, student happiness should prevail, yet their voices are often overlooked. This is also the case in the research literature where non-Western views are less frequently reflected. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), a country whose population is comprised of nearly 90% expatriate residents, is a good study case as campuses are filled with international students and the wellbeing of residents is a national priority. Responses from 80 UAE-based expatriate students reveal they are happiest with friends and in social activities and interactions; they want more opportunities to connect socially in classrooms and campuses, efforts which can be crafted by faculty. They also want joyful, inspiring learning where they can discuss and be exposed to other views, with many driven by the need to feel productive, efficacious and engaged. Solutions included the need for faculty to develop warmer student relationships, the maintenance of online learning to reflect realities of work and relationships, and for students to be treated with more respect as fee-paying adults. As the number of international students rise, research into their happiness and what universities can do to increase it remains a global priority.
Locations of China in World Literature and World Cinema
Authors: Zhang Yingjin
Published: September 2022

This chapter intervenes in recent debates on world literature by affirming the circulation and translation models while interrogating the contradictory efforts of recentering of the West in the pretext of countering Anglophone globalism. It cites the persistence of limited visibility of China in world literature across centuries and contrasts it with the high visibility of China in world cinema, thereby marking entrenched disciplinary differences in worlding. The located approach to world literature and world cinema encourages us to explore literature and cinema in both temporal and spatial terms. The chapter ends with reflections on the future of world literature and China’s still unpredictable location in it.
Introduction
Authors: Hanisch Sarah
Published: September 2022

Chapter 1 locates the book’s main protagonists—a group of Chinese migrant women from Fuqing—not only within broader theoretical debates on Chinese internal and international migration, Chinese modernity, the role of women and China-Africa relations, but also within the at times very different, at times surprisingly similar historical trajectories and everyday realities of Lesotho and Fuqing.
Aspirations and Struggles
Authors: Hanisch Sarah
Published: September 2022

Chapter 3 expands the focus on internal Chinese migration by investigating the link between individual and family projects, between social mobility and rural-to-urban migration within Fuqing, a county-level city. County-level cities are an administrative invention of the post-Mao era and an overlooked site for migration. My informants referred to their experiences in the city as struggle (fendou). Despite constantly struggling against multiple obstacles, they found personal joy because they all came to understand what they really wanted to achieve.
Bonds of Womanhood
Authors: Delfino Susanna
Published: September 2022

Class, race, and gender collide in this insightful examination of the life of Susanna (Susan) Preston Shelby Grigsby (1830–1891)—a white plantation mistress and slaveholder who struggled to participate in the economic modernization of antebellum Kentucky. Drawing on Grigsby's correspondence, author Susanna Delfino uses Grigsby's story to explore the complex cultural and social issues at play in the state's economy before, during, and after the Civil War. Delfino demonstrates that Grigsby engaged in certain kinds of antislavery activism, such as hiring white servants as a way of conveying her support for free labor and avoiding ever selling a slave. Despite her beliefs, however, Grigsby failed to hold to her moral compass when faced with her husband's patriarchal authority or when she experienced serious economic trouble. This compelling study not only illuminates how white women participated in the South's nineteenth-century economy, but also offers new perspectives on their complicity in slavery.
Introduction
Authors: Delfino Susanna
Published: September 2022

The Introduction introduces Susan Grigsby as a Kentucky plantation owner's wife and the moral dilemmas she faces as an anti-slavery slave owner. Delfino illustrates how cultural/psychological factors could bias the free agency of a plantation mistress who enjoyed legal empowerment over her properties. She details Susan Grigsby's fall from aristocratic land owner to middle-class wage earner in post-Reconstruction America.
Coda
Authors: Delfino Susanna
Published: September 2022

The Coda sets the latter part of Grigsby’s life in the context of the disarrayed economy of the Reconstruction and early New South eras. Loss of slaves and other property had reduced dozens of former plantation mistresses to near indigence. Moved by necessity, many sought jobs appropriate to their former station, to support themselves and their families. Some however saw in the economic independence attendant to remunerated work, a means to affirm a new sense of southern womanhood. Most of these women, including Grigsby, found in clerical employment with the federal government an answer to meet their immediate financial difficulties. Devastated by the many sufferings endured during and after the war, and by the final subversion of her own ‘world,’ Grigsby embraced rather unenthusiastically this further blessing modernity brought educated, white women.
Health Behaviors in Appalachia
Authors: Vanderpool Robin C. , Carman Angela L. , Stradtman Lindsay R. , Blake Kelly D.
Published: September 2022

Many of Appalachia’s premature deaths are attributable to preventable causes, such as smoking behaviors, obesity and healthcare avoidance. This chapter presents surveillance data from multilevel sources (i.e., local, regional, state, and national) on prominent and modifiable health behaviors contributing to the region’s disease burden. The text highlights tobacco use, lack of physical activity (and its relation to poor diet and obesity), and healthcare avoidance in outlining areas for future public health intervention. It explores why these detrimental behaviors are more common in Appalachia than elsewhere, giving particular attention to the region’s economic and educational deprivation. The chapter then highlights promising evidence-based programs working to reduce negative health behaviors in Appalachia today. It uses this abundance of data—both quantitative and qualitative—to argue that Appalachia’s health challenges, while profound, are surmountable.
War of Supply
Authors: Dworak David D.
Published: September 2022

The era of modern warfare introduced in World War II presented the Allied Powers with one of the more complicated logistical challenges of the century: how to develop an extensive support network that could supply and maintain a vast military force comprised of multiple services and many different nations thousands of miles away from their home ports. The need to keep tanks rolling, airplanes flying, and food and aid in continuous supply was paramount to defeating the Nazi regime. In this extensively researched book, David Dworak takes readers behind the scenes and breaks down the nuances of strategic operations for each of the great Mediterranean military campaigns between 1942 and the conclusion of World War II on May 8, 1945. Dworak gives readers a glimpse behind the curtain, to show how the vast administrative bureaucracy developed by the Allies waged a literal “war of matériel” that gave them a distinct, strategic advantage over the Axis powers. From North Africa to Southern France, their continued efforts and innovation developed the framework that helped create and maintain the theater of war and, ultimately, paved the path to victory.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalization and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Serrano Felipe , Blutinger Erik , Vargas-Torres Carmen , Bilal Saadiyah , Counts Christopher , Straight Matthew , Lin Michelle
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The recent spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately impacted racial and ethnic minority groups; however, the impact of healthcare utilization on outcome disparities remains unexplored. Our study examines racial and ethnic disparities in hospitalization, medication usage, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data for adult patients within an integrated healthcare system in New York City between February 28–August 28, 2020, who had a lab-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Primary outcome was likelihood of inpatient admission. Secondary outcomes were differences in medication administration, ICU admission, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Of 4717 adult patients evaluated in the emergency department (ED), 3219 (68.2%) were admitted to an inpatient setting. Black patients were the largest group (29.1%), followed by Hispanic/Latinx (29.0%), White (22.9%), Asian (3.86%), and patients who reported “other” race-ethnicity (19.0%). After adjusting for demographic, clinical factors, time, and hospital site, Hispanic/Latinx patients had a significantly lower adjusted rate of admission compared to White patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34-0.76). Black (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.43-0.84) and Asian patients (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.25 - 0.89) were less likely to be admitted to the ICU. We observed higher rates of ICU admission (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.43-6.15, and OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.26-2.65) and in-hospital mortality (OR 4.38; 95% CI 2.66-7.24; and OR 2.96; 95% CI 2.12-4.14) at two community-based academic affiliate sites relative to the primary academic site. Conclusion: Non-White patients accounted for a disproportionate share of COVID-19 patients seeking care in the ED but were less likely to be admitted. Hospitals serving the highest proportion of minority patients experienced the worst outcomes, even within an integrated health system with shared resources. Limited capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic likely exacerbated pre-existing health disparities across racial and ethnic minority groups.
Can Urinalysis and Past Medical History of Kidney Stones Predict Urine Antibiotic Resistance?
Authors: Mohseni Michael , Craver Emily , Heckman Michael , Sheele Johnathan
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infections encountered in the emergency department (ED) with an estimated 2-3 million annual visits. Commonly prescribed antibiotics for UTIs have shown growing rates of resistance. Previous studies lack direction on improving UTI treatment based on the labs available to the bedside clinician.

Methods: We sought to determine if antibiotic resistance in UTIs was related to demographics, urinalysis, and history of renal failure or kidney stones. We conducted an analysis of 892 women ≥18 years of age discharged from the ED with a UTI diagnosis. We assessed predictors of nitrofurantoin resistance, cefazolin resistance, ciprofloxacin resistance, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance using unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: Antibiotic resistance was 13.6% for nitrofurantoin, 11.9% for cefazolin, 12.8% for ciprofloxacin, and 17.1% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In multivariable analysis, significant independent associations with an increased likelihood of resistance to nitrofurantoin were observed for less urine blood (OR [per 1 category increase of score] 0.81; P = 0.02); greater mucous (OR [per 1 category increase of score] 1.22; P = 0.02); less specific gravity urine (OR [per 1 category increase] 0.87; P = 0.04), and presence of any history of kidney stones (OR 3.24; P = 0.01). There were no significant predictors for cefazolin resistance (all P ≥0.06); age was the only significant predictor of ciprofloxacin resistance (OR per 10 year increase] 1.10, P = 0.05), and lower specific gravity urine was significantly associated with an increased risk of resistance to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (OR [per 1 category increase] 0.88, P = 0.04).

Conclusion: Women with any history of kidney stones may have bacteriuria resistant to nitrofurantoin, suggesting that providers might consider alternative antibiotic therapies in this scenario.
Prospective Case-control Study of Contact Tracing Speed for Emergency Department-based Contact Tracers
Authors: Weaver Sean , Byrne Samuel , Bruce Hollianne , Vargas Olivia , Robey Thomas
Published: September 2022

Introduction: In Snohomish County, WA, the time from obtaining a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test and initiating contact tracing is 4-6 days. We tested whether emergency department (ED)-based contact tracing reduces time to initiation and completion of contact tracing investigations.

Methods: All eligible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive patients were offered enrollment in this prospective case-control study. Contact tracers were present in the ED from 7 AM to 2 AM for 60 consecutive days. Tracers conducted interviews using the Washington State Department of Health’s extended COVID-19 reporting form, which is also used by the Snohomish Health District (SHD).

Results: Eighty-one eligible SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were identified and 71 (88%) consented for the study. The mean time between positive COVID-19 test result and initiation of contact tracing investigation was 111 minutes with a median of 32 minutes (range: 1-1,203 minutes). The mean time from positive test result and completion of ED-based contact tracing investigation was 244 minutes with a median of 132 minutes (range: 23-1,233 minutes). In 100% of the enrolled cases, contact tracing was completed within 24 hours of a positive COVID-19 test result. For comparison, during this same period, SHD was able to complete contact tracing in 64% of positive cases within 24 hours of notification of a positive test result (P < 0.001). In the ED, each case identified a mean of 2.8 contacts as compared to 1.4 contacts identified by SHD-interviewed cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the percentage of contacts reached through ED contact tracing (82%) when compared to the usual practice (78%) (P = 0.16).

Conclusion: When contact tracing investigations occur at the point of diagnoses, the time to initiation and completion are reduced, there is higher enrollment, and more contacts are identified.
Discharge Navigator: Implementation and Cross-Sectional Evaluation of a Digital Decision Tool for Social Resources upon Emergency Department Discharge
Authors: Grade Madeline , Stark Nicholas , Emanuels David , Lu Alice , Doshi Jay , Leung Sherman , Peabody Christopher
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Many patients have unaddressed social needs that significantly impact their health, yet navigating the landscape of available resources and eligibility requirements is complex for both patients and clinicians.

Methods: Using an iterative design-thinking approach, our multidisciplinary team built, tested, and deployed a digital decision tool called “Discharge Navigator” (edrive.ucsf.edu/dcnav) that helps emergency clinicians identify targeted social resources for patients upon discharge from the acute care setting. The tool uses each patient’s clinical and demographic information to tailor recommended community resources, providing the clinician with action items, pandemic restrictions, and patient handouts for relevant resources in five languages. We implemented two modules at our urban, academic, Level I trauma center.

Results: Over the 10-week period following product launch, between 4-81 on-shift emergency clinicians used our tool each week. Anonymously surveyed clinicians (n = 53) reported a significant increase in awareness of homelessness resources (33% pre to 70% post, P<0.0001) and substance use resources (17% to 65%, P<0.0001); confidence in accessing resources (22% to 74%, P<0.0001); knowledge of eligibility criteria (13% to 75%, P<0.0001); and ability to refer patients always or most of the time (11% to 43%, P<0.0001). The average likelihood to recommend the tool was 7.8 of 10.

Conclusion: Our design process and low-cost tool may be replicated at other institutions to improve knowledge and referrals to local community resources.
Pain Assessment in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Videotaped Study
Authors: Hsu Hao-Ping , Cheng Ming-Tai , Lu Tsung-Chien , Chen Yun Chang , Liao Edward Che-Wei , Sung Chih-Wei , Liew Chiat Qiao , Ling Dean-An , Ko Chia-Hsin , Ku Nai-Wen , Fu Li-Chen , Huang Chien-Hua , Tsai Chu-Lin
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Research suggests that pain assessment involves a complex interaction between patients and clinicians. We sought to assess the agreement between pain scores reported by the patients themselves and the clinician’s perception of a patient’s pain in the emergency department (ED). In addition, we attempted to identify patient and physician factors that lead to greater discrepancies in pain assessment.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in the ED of a tertiary academic medical center. Using a standard protocol, trained research personnel prospectively enrolled adult patients who presented to the ED. The entire triage process was recorded, and triage data were collected. Pain scores were obtained from patients on a numeric rating scale of 0 to 10. Five physician raters provided their perception of pain ratings after reviewing videos.

Results: A total of 279 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 53 years. There were 141 (50.5%) female patients. The median self-reported pain score was 4 (interquartile range 0-6). There was a moderately positive correlation between self-reported pain scores and physician ratings of pain (correlation coefficient, 0.46; P <0.001), with a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.39. Some discrepancies were noted: 102 (37%) patients were rated at a much lower pain score, whereas 52 (19%) patients were given a much higher pain score from physician review. The distributions of chief complaints were different between the two groups. Physician raters tended to provide lower pain scores to younger (P = 0.02) and less ill patients (P = 0.008). Additionally, attending-level physician raters were more likely to provide a higher pain score than resident-level raters (P <0.001).

Conclusion: Patients’ self-reported pain scores correlate positively with the pain score provided by physicians, with only a moderate agreement between the two. Under- and over-estimations of pain in ED patients occur in different clinical scenarios. Pain assessment in the ED should consider both patient and physician factors.
Espécies alimentícias e medicinais nativas: produtos florestais não madeireiros e potencial de exploração sustentável
Authors: Ronchi Helena Souza , Bonfim Filipe Pereira Giardini , Coutinho Emily Toledo
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar espécies nativas que produzem alguns recursos florestais não-madeireiros, visando seu manejo e exploração em diferentes sistemas produtivos e possivelmente contribuindo para a geração de renda para pequenos proprietários, bem como a manutenção das áreas florestais. A pesquisa foi realizada na Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA Tejupá, Corumbataí e Botucatu (SP, Brasil), onde ocorrem os biomas Mata Atlântica e Cerrado. A partir da lista de espécies nativas no plano de manejo da APA, identificamos aquelas mencionadas na literatura por seus usos como medicinais e alimentícios. Para avaliar essas espécies, foram selecionadas aquelas que têm interesse de políticas públicas do governo brasileiro, uma vez que já possuem potencial comercial. Por fim, essas espécies de interesse foram avaliadas com base nos parâmetros de uso sustentável (VPES), para analisar a possibilidade de manejar sustentavelmente essas plantas. Do total de 735 espécies identificadas na região, 329 possuem usos alimentícios e medicinais, sendo que 215 espécies são medicinais e 114 podem ser usadas como fonte de alimento. Além disso, 68% dessas espécies são árvores, demonstrando a alta diversidade de espécies que poderiam ser utilizadas em projetos de restauração florestal e sistemas agroflorestais. No entanto, do total de espécies de plantas detectadas, apenas 22 são objeto de políticas públicas, e apenas 6 destas espécies possuem estudos suficientes para exploração sustentável na região de estudo. Pesquisas e políticas públicas voltadas ao manejo e uso de espécies nativas devem ser reforçadas, visando ampliar o conjunto de espécies que podem ser utilizadas e proporcionar benefícios aos proprietários, além da sustentabilidade ecológica.
Valor econômico de uso recreativo do Parque Nacional de Brasília
Authors: Ferreira Alexandre dos Santos , Angelo Humberto , Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Oliveira Juliano Miranda de , Fonseca Michelle Amanda da Silva , Ribeiro Naiara Maria Araujo Rios
Published: September 2022

A valoração ambiental é uma ferramenta importante para a tomada de decisão na gestão ambiental, porém, ainda carece de aplicações em contextos diversos, viabilizando a consolidação das suas diferentes abordagens metodológicas. Desse modo, o presente estudo objetivou estimar o valor econômico de uso recreativo do Parque Nacional de Brasília, capital do Brasil, e determinar a elasticidade preço-demanda dos visitantes residentes no Distrito Federal. Utilizou-se a abordagem zonal do método do custo de viagem. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários dentro do parque nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2020 com o intuito de obter informações sobre custo de viagem, quantidade de visitas e dados socioeconômicos dos visitantes residentes no Distrito Federal. Em seguida, por meio de análise de regressão característica do método do custo de viagem, obteve-se o valor econômico do parque. O valor econômico de uso recreativo do Parque Nacional de Brasília foi de R$ 137.667.504,14/ano, com intervalo de confiança a 95% entre R$ 55.762.205,7 a R$ 219.552.680,9/ano. Verificou-se, pela abordagem zonal, que a demanda por visitas dos residentes na capital brasileira foi elástica, pois um aumento no preço do ingresso afetou negativamente o bem-estar dos usuários do parque, reduzindo a frequência de visitas e o valor recreativo do parque. A relevância dessas informações demonstrou que existe um potencial valor econômico de uso direto do Parque Nacional de Brasília.
Classificação da capacidade produtiva com alturas de árvores dominantes estimadas por RNA
Authors: Leite Marcos Vinicius Santana , Cabacinha Christian Dias , Assis Adriana Leandra
Published: September 2022

A construção de curvas de sítio a partir da modelagem da altura de árvores dominantes medidas em parcelas permanentes em diferentes idades, considerando uma idade de referência, se constitui no método mais prático e difundido no meio florestal para classificar a capacidade produtiva local. Dentro de um processo de Planejamento Florestal, o grau de assertividade das curvas geradas tem consequências quantitativas e qualitativas na alocação de recursos, de forma que a melhoria contínua dos métodos de classificação é de suma importância. Este estudo teve como objetivo propor o uso de modelos de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) para estimar a altura de árvores dominantes de eucalipto, e aplicá-los na geração de curvas de sítio utilizando o método da curva guia, como uma alternativa aos modelos tradicionais de regressão não-linear, avaliando a precisão das estimativas e a estabilidade da classificação da capacidade produtiva local gerada por essas abordagens. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes das medições de 8.819 parcelas permanentes instaladas em povoamentos clonais de Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis. Foram ajustados cinco modelos não lineares clássicos e as RNA foram treinadas com dois algoritmos: Feed Forward Back Propagation Network (FFBP) e Cascade Forward Back Propagation Network (CFBP). Os resultados mostraram que, de maneira geral, quando utilizada somente a idade das parcelas para estimativa da altura dominante, não houve diferença nos resultados entre as RNA treinadas com os dois algoritmos e os modelos não lineares. Contudo, com adição de novas variáveis do povoamento durante o treinamento das RNA, houve uma melhora nas estimativas das alturas dominantes e gerou uma classificação da capacidade produtiva 13% mais estável se comparada aos modelos de regressão não linear.
(des)governo da velhice: cartogenealogias de/em uma pandemia
Authors: Pocahy Fernando Altair
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho acompanha a emergência de redes enunciativas em torno do “governo da velhice” no contexto da pandemia provocada pela Covid-19. O lócus central de análise parte de pedagogias e artefatos culturais associados à interpelação da população idosa como grupo de/em risco. Através de um estudo cartogenealógico investigamos algo da emergência de pedagogias e representações que reforçam a autorresponsabilização dos/as idosos/as por supostos riscos auto-infligidos, reforçados por tutela parental e social. As evidências empíricas (memes e cards) que apoiam nossas problematizações sugerem a correlação entre elementos de cultura idadista associada ao recrudescimento de vulnerabilidade social dos/as idosos/as. Ponderamos ainda que esta correlação de forças é, neste momento, mais fortemente balizada por racionalidade biopolítica neoliberal, ademais de (im)posturas ultraconservadoras e negacionistas que passam a redefinir os termos da governamentalidade contemporânea local.
O uso do acesso venoso na hemodiálise: repercussões na saúde
Authors: Coutinho Brenda Santos , Neves Tayana Sousa , Lobato Tainã Silva , Gomes Junior Denilson Soares , Miranda Mônica Karla Vojta , Gouvea-e-Silva Luiz Fernando
Published: September 2022

Introdução: As complicações dos acessos vasculares em hemodiálise são responsáveis por cerca de 30% das hospitalizações desses pacientes. Objetivo: Analisar o uso de acessos vasculares e de infecções associadas em pacientes atendidos no setor de hemodiálise de um hospital de referência do município de Santarém-PA. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido a partir das informações de 135 prontuários de pacientes no seu primeiro ano de hemodiálise e de 239 notificações da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar de pacientes que ingressaram no Setor de Hemodiálise, de um hospital de referência do município de Santarém-Pará, no período de 2008 a 2017. Resultados: Os homens predominaram (53,3%), a média de idade foi 49,1±15,2 anos. O acesso mais usado durante o primeiro ano foi o cateter venoso central (CVC-50,6%), contudo o primeiro acesso mais frequente, ao chegar no hospital, foi a fístula arteriovenosa (FAV-54,1%). A complicação mais comum do CVC foi a infecção local (36,4%) e a exteriorização (14,8%), e da FAV, o hematoma (27,8%) e a dificuldade de punção (15%). Foram identificados 239 casos de infecções locais e de corrente sanguínea, isoladas ou associadas, sendo o CVC o mais envolvido nos casos (65%) e a bactéria Staphylococcus aureus foi a mais frequente. Conclusão: Conforme método proposto, as complicações foram mais presentes na FAV, contudo a gravidade das complicações foi relacionada ao CVC. Além disso, o uso da CVC associou-se com a infecção de corrente sanguínea.
Diagnosticiranje kongenitalnega sifilisa pri novorojenčku: pregled literature in prikaz primera
Authors: Bešić Hana , Grosek Štefan , Simčič Saša , Lah Liza Lea
Published: September 2022

Sifilis je kronična sistemska okužba, ki jo povzroča spiroheta T. pallidum. Metoda izbire za postavitev diagnoze so serološki testi, in sicer testi za treponemska in testi za netreponemska protitelesa. Nezdravljena okužba v času nosečnosti lahko povzroči bolezen tudi pri otroku z možnimi dolgotrajnimi posledicami zanj. V Sloveniji je presejalno testiranje nosečnic na sifilis ob prvem pregledu v nosečnosti obvezno. S pravočasno postavitvijo diagnoze in z zdravljenjem nosečnice lahko v veliki večini primerov preprečimo prenos okužbe na plod. Diagnozo kongenitalni sifilis postavimo s primerjavo seroloških preiskav pri materi in otroku. Zdravljenje je odvisno od tveganja za prisotnost kongenitalnega sifilisa pri otroku. Predstavljamo klinični primer obravnave nosečnice s pozitivnim presejalnim testom v nosečnosti ter obravnavo novorojenčka s sumom na kongenitalni sifilis.
The Chinese factor in the formation of the American foreign policy doctrine of "open doors" (1899-1900)
Authors: Baibakova Larisa Vilorovna
Published: September 2022

The article examines the formation of one of the foreign policy doctrines of expansionism, which became the main instrument of US foreign policy in the twentieth century. The theory of "open doors", the essence of which is to provide equal opportunities to all interested parties on the basis of unlimited economic freedom and unhindered penetration of capital, was proclaimed by Secretary of State J. Hay in 1899 in relation with China, which was considered as a potential market for the sale of industrial goods and a profitable object of capital investment. Having opposed the division of China by the European powers, the American ruling elites proposed to replace individual control over individual parts of the country, according to the concluded agreements on "spheres of influence", with the establishment of a collective system of external supervision over its entire territory. By putting external expansion in the form of international agreement, they wanted to force competitors stronger in military and political terms to play by the proposed rules, transferring power rivalry to the trade and economic area, where their commercial superiority was undoubted. The nationalist movement of the Yihetuans, which began in the autumn of 1898, aimed at expelling foreigners out of the country, jeopardized the idea of implementing the doctrine of "open doors". After much thought, the White House abandoned the widely disseminated peacefulness and approved the participation of the expeditionary force in the joint intervention of European powers in China. Interference in the internal political affairs of a formally sovereign state meant that the United States was involved in its violent redistribution. Later, Washington continued to follow its course around the world, creating an arsenal of new political and economic methods, officially formalized as a generally accepted international principle in the 1922 treaty of the Nine Powers.
A feed-forward pathway drives LRRK2 kinase membrane recruitment and activation
Authors: Vides Edmundo G , Adhikari Ayan , Chiang Claire Y , Lis Pawel , Purlyte Elena , Limouse Charles , Shumate Justin L , Spínola-Lasso Elena , Dhekne Herschel S , Alessi Dario R , Pfeffer Suzanne R
Published: September 2022

Activating mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson’s disease, and previously we showed that activated LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases (Steger et al., 2017). Moreover, Golgi-associated Rab29 can recruit LRRK2 to the surface of the Golgi and activate it there for both auto- and Rab substrate phosphorylation. Here, we define the precise Rab29 binding region of the LRRK2 Armadillo domain between residues 360–450 and show that this domain, termed ‘site #1,’ can also bind additional LRRK2 substrates, Rab8A and Rab10. Moreover, we identify a distinct, N-terminal, higher-affinity interaction interface between LRRK2 phosphorylated Rab8 and Rab10 termed ‘site #2’ that can retain LRRK2 on membranes in cells to catalyze multiple, subsequent phosphorylation events. Kinase inhibitor washout experiments demonstrate that rapid recovery of kinase activity in cells depends on the ability of LRRK2 to associate with phosphorylated Rab proteins, and phosphorylated Rab8A stimulates LRRK2 phosphorylation of Rab10 in vitro. Reconstitution of purified LRRK2 recruitment onto planar lipid bilayers decorated with Rab10 protein demonstrates cooperative association of only active LRRK2 with phospho-Rab10-containing membrane surfaces. These experiments reveal a feed-forward pathway that provides spatial control and membrane activation of LRRK2 kinase activity.
Venuti, Lawrence (2021). The Translation Studies Reader (4th ed.). Routledge.
Authors: Alhashmi Rawad
Published: September 2022

As a professional translator and a respected translation scholar, Lawrence Venuti’s intellectual insights and relentless academic endeavors have led to widely acclaimed scholarly publications in the field of Translation Studies, most notably The Translator’s Invisibility (1995), The Scandals of Translation (1998), and Translation Changes Everything (2013).
The Celestial Empire’s Cultural Dissemination in Angkor Civilization Geographic Restoration as a Rajamandala Existence
Authors: Khei Yok Man
Published: September 2022

Henri Mouhot, the French naturalist and explorer is always credited for rediscovering Angkor civilization though he was not the first foreigner to discover Angkor Wat of Cambodia. According to ancient China history, Zhenla (真腊អាណាចក្រចេនឡា) is the ancient name for Cambodia, possibly in a Rajamandala existence—circle of kings which draws the comparison from ancient India emphasizing an otherwise system of kingdom allowing the co-existence of smaller king states physically—as a priori speculated by Oliver William Wolters. The true history of Angkor civilization can be pieced out by Yuan-era diplomat attaché Zhou Daguan’s (Chou Ta Kuan/周达观) Zhenlafengtuji (真腊风土记A Record of Cambodia: The Land and its People or The Customs of Cambodia)—an eye-witnessed, original geographic account of the lives and customs of Cambodians during the Khmer Empire despite at times complacent in deliverance. The rediscovery of Angkor Wat in 1859, the restoration of its glories and popularization across the globe virtually owed ancient Chinese cultural dissemination from the anthropological aspect when Mouhot mistakenly dated Angkor formation to around the same era as Rome. The pivot points of this paper are to reintroduce the cultural contributions and geographic significance of ancient China, including its habitual, faithful recording practice to the ensuing generations through the restoration of Angkor civilization in a situation-inspired approach.
Literary Translations and the Dilemma of Translating Unique Genres
Authors: Aburqayeq Ghassan
Published: September 2022

This essay discusses some ancient and medieval examples from Arabic culture, dealing with the task of translating genres that did not exist in the target language. By examining these historical instances, this paper demonstrates that only by adapting innovative techniques can translators translate a genre that has no equivalent in the target language. It shows that the translators must try to enter what Jacques Derrida calls “the protocol of a text” to come closer to grasping the authors’ presuppositions. While it is the responsibility of the translator to choose a suitable method to deal with the challenge of translating a foreign genre, grasping the authors’ presuppositions, understanding the conventions of the target language, and inhabiting the different mansions of the source language are crucial factors in any successful translation. Although bringing the readers to the source language helps them come closer to understand the authors intentions, it can create more complex text for audience unfamiliar with that foreign genre. Finding a similar genre in the target language can be a temporal solution, though it might go against the intentions of the original author.
Examining the Relationship between Mobbing and Organizational Cynicism
Authors: AYIK Ahmet
Published: September 2022

In this study, the relations between the experience level of bullying behaviors and organizational cynicism are explored, using the views of teachers. The study group comprised 235 teachers working in state secondary schools in the Meram municipality of Konya during the 2017–2018 academic year. The Negative Act Questionnaire-Revised and Organizational Cynicism Scale were used to collect the data. In this descriptive study, standard deviation, mean, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analyses were used in the analysis of the data. It was observed that the levels of exposure to mobbing behavior and organizational cynicism of the participants in the study were low. It was furthermore shown that the dimensions (personal bullying, work-related bullying, and physical intimidation) of negative act questionnaire-revised have a positive and significant relation with all dimensions of organizational cynicism scale. According to the results of regression analysis, it was determined that the cognitive and affective dimensions of organizational cynicism scale are significantly and positively predicted by the personal bullying and work-related bullying dimensions of negative act questionnaire-revised, and all dimensions of negative act questionnaire-revised predict the behavioral dimension of organizational cynicism at a significant level. According to the results obtained from the research, as the levels of teachers’ exposure to mobbing behaviors decrease, their organizational cynicism levels also decrease. Exposure to mobbing behaviors has a strong predictive effect on organizational cynicism.
The Relationship between Listening Motivation and Frequency of Listening Strategy Use
Authors: Dölek Onur
Published: September 2022

Using a relational screening model, the present study explores the relationship between listening motivation and frequency of listening strategy use. The study includes 224 secondary school students who attended the fifth and eighth-grade levels. The data are collected with the “Listening Motivation Scale” and “Listening Strategies Usage Frequency Scale”. T-test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression analyses are used to analyze the data. The findings confirm (a) a moderate positive relationship between listening motivation and the level of listening strategy use and its sub-dimensions, (b) that listening motivation explains 19.4% of the change in the frequency of listening strategy use and significantly predicts the frequency, (c) that listening motivation and frequency of listening strategy use do not differ significantly in terms of “gender” and “grade level” variables, and (d) despite the differences in coefficient values   at the 5th and 8th-grade levels, the relationship between listening motivation and the frequency of listening strategy use is positive and statistically significant at the moderate level. The level of listening motivation should be increased by designing entertaining listening activities and actively involving students in the process. Thus, I can ensure that students use listening strategies more often and make more efforts to understand what they listen.
Notes from the editor
Authors: Nimehchisalem Vahid , Hung Yueh-Nu
Published: September 2022

We are pleased to announce that IJELS has released her third issue of Volume 10. Our July issue presents several research articles with very interesting and timely topics.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Pre-Service Teachers’ Teaching Practice
Authors: SAYIR Muhammed Fatih , AYDIN Nurullah , AYDENİZ Süleyman
Published: September 2022

Teaching practice, which has a significant impact on the professional development of pre-service teachers, has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic process, pre-service teachers have conducted teaching practice through distance education. The aim of this study is to determine whether the pre-service teachers have acquired the learning outcomes determined within the framework of the objectives of the teaching practice with distance education, which is a new format for teaching practice. To collect data, we used an open-ended questionnaires formatted on a Google-form responded by 246 pre-service teachers. The results of the study show that most of pre-service teachers could not acquire the learning outcomes determined within the framework of the objectives of teaching practice with teaching practice through distance education. Pre-service teachers attribute this to the lack of actual classroom environment and lack of communication and interaction with students. The findings of the study also indicate that teaching practice through distance education enabled pre-service teachers to gain knowledge about distance education tools and experience on how to use them.