bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocational Rehabilitation Day‐Care Services for a Drug‐Dependent Population
Authors: WEINER HARVEY , SCHUT JACOB , MILLER EDWARD L.
Published: December 2011

The philosophy, history, and operations of the Vocational Opportunities Center (VOC) are described. The functions of VOC include intake and evaluation, vocational and educational training, job development, child care, a women's vocational group, legal services, and cultural activities. The VOC is offered as a model of employability service to a specific client group and part of a more comprehensive multimodality drug program.
The Influence of Occupational Status on Role Conflict in Women
Authors: NEVILL DOROTHY D. , DAMICO SANDRA
Published: December 2011

Questionnaires on eight role‐conflict categories (time management, relations with husband, household management, financial, child care, expectations for self, expectations of others, and guilt) were administered to 518 women. A role‐conflict hierarchy was established, those areas centering around the woman's view of herself being the most stressful. Level of occupational status was found to be a significant variable in six of the categories. Professional women and housewives tended to give similar responses and to demonstrate the least amount of role conflict. Implications of this study for counselors were discussed.
Paramodeling Effects in Counselor Training
Authors: COOK DANIEL W. , KUNCE JOSEPH T.
Published: December 2011

This study was based on the hypothesis that modeling techniques utilized in counselor training may foster unintended and often undetected behaviors in counseling trainees. Samples of counselor trainees viewed either a series of expert modeling or coping modeling video‐tapes. Specifically, it was hypothesized that counselor trainees who viewed expert models would illustrate concommitant or paramodeling phenomena by exhibiting a decrease in anxiety toward participation in a counseling interview. Similarly, it was predicted that those who viewed the coping models would demonstrate paramodeling phenomena by exhibiting an increase in tolerance of ambiguity. Results confirmed the hypotheses across the first sample, the cross‐validation sample, and both samples combined. Implications regarding counselor training are discussed.
Career Planning Needs of Unemployed Minority Persons
Authors: ATLAS JOHN W.
Published: December 2011

This study assessed the perceptions of unemployed minority persons regarding their needs for career planning help. The results show that the vast majority expressed a need for this kind of service. Significant differences were found when comparisons were made according to sex and age.
Guide for Occupational Exploration: A New Approach in Career Planning
Authors: STROHMENGER C. TODD , PADGETT ADALINE
Published: December 2011

The Guide for Occupational Exploration contains a new approach for presenting occupational information for use in career exploration. Its contents are in a nontechnical language and simple style intended for any reader with or without counseling help.

The data are organized into 12 interest areas, 11 of which correspond directly to the interest factors in the new USES Interest Inventory currently being developed. Each area contains groups of jobs clustered according to common interests, capabilities, and adaptabilities of the workers. Jobs within each group are subgrouped for easy reading. Descriptive materials for the areas and groups focus on the characteristics of individuals as they relate to the characteristics required by the jobs.

It is anticipated that this guide will provide an easy method of relating people potential to job requirements, which has not been possible with previous occupational exploration tools. In addition, it presents the student, the lay person, and others not conversant with technical language with a means of self‐exploration and job opportunities appropriate for their potential.
Interest Patterns of Health Services Administration Graduate Program Alumni
Authors: QUATRANO LOUISA.
Published: December 2011

In 1975 134 men and 102 women entering 37 graduate health services administration programs voluntarily completed the merged form of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. This article describes the general pattern of mean scores on the basic interest scales for these alumni and discusses differences in interests by sex. The results indicate high alumni interest in areas related to the activities and functions of health services administrators. Implications for using this information for career planning when working with clients and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Personal and Organizational Characteristics of Employment Counselors
Authors: HELWIG ANDREW A.
Published: December 2011

Eleven personal and organizational variables were measured in a large national sample of employment counselors. Data indicate that female counselors were younger than males, older counselors had higher educational levels than younger ones, and as the level of education increased, so did the number of professional association memberships and time spent in counseling activities. Employment counselors with first‐line supervisors who had counseling experience tended to be older, spent more time in counseling activities, had higher education levels, and belonged to more professional associations than did counselors whose supervisors did not have counseling experience.
The Vietnam Veteran Revisited: Implications for Counseling
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

Vietnam veterans are plagued by an emotional sense of having failed at what society once considered an important job; careful attention, therefore, must be paid to the type of counseling that counselors give them. This article discusses common concerns among the Vietnam veterans and offers suggestions for initiating programs of service.
Programs for Older Persons: A Compendium
Authors: BLAI BORIS
Published: December 2011

This article provides helpful information for older persons desiring to find employment in the U.S. work force and thereby remain independent for as long as possible.
I Am A Working Mother … But Who Am I?
Authors: WOJCIECHOWSKI DENISE
Published: December 2011

The working mother is just emerging as an important and permanent facet of U.S. society; the role she has accepted presents challenges, rewards, and opportunities for self‐discover.
Employability Assessment: Its Importance and One Method of Doing It
Authors: ROSOVE BRUCE
Published: December 2011

A new programmed learning package, PLACE: Guided Steps to Employment Readiness, provides a measurable definition of employability and helps clients measure their own employability and prepare themselves for work.
Career Counseling and Reality Therapy: A Conceptual Flowchart
Authors: PICKERING JAMES W. , VACC NICHOLAS A. , OSBORNE W. LARRY
Published: December 2011

Reality therapy is a cognitive behavioral approach but has not been developed for, nor associated with, career counseling. This article discusses the role of reality therapy in career counseling, with the aid of a flowchart model to present the particulars of the system.
Socioeconomic Status and Occupational Aspirations of High School Seniors in Nigeria
Authors: IDOWU ADEYEMI I. , DERE ABIMBADE O.
Published: December 2011

This study examines the effects of socioeconomic status on the occupational aspirations and motivation for occupational preference of high school seniors in Nigeria. The article suggests ways by which counselors can help students who are less privileged.
Using an Abbreviated Job Club Program in a Job Service Setting
Authors: CHANDLER ANNE L.
Published: December 2011

A preliminary study was conducted to examine the possible utility of an abbreviated version of a group support program for job placement with clients of the Job Service. Such procedures may be helpful both in achieving job placement for clients and in assisting clients in meeting personal needs related to the stress of job seeking. Suggestions for further empirical validation of results are included.
Employment Roles of College Graduates: How Important Are They?
Authors: MARSHALL ANN E.
Published: December 2011

For this study, the qualification data of 217 business majors at a large state university were collected just before graduation. The respondents' roles were evaluated prior to graduation and they were recontacted 3 months later to determine employment status and job satisfaction. Discriminant analysis of 187 responses was used to determine the relative impact of the various factors studied.
Counseling Career‐Plateaued Workers During Times of Social Change
Authors: RANTZE KATHERINE R. , FELLER RICHARD W.
Published: December 2011

This article encourages employment counselors to help employed and unemployed career‐plateaued workers regain a sense of personal investment, motivation, and productivity.
Using Microcomputer‐Based Assessment in Career Counseling
Authors: THOMPSON DONALD L.
Published: December 2011

The author provides an overview of the current status of microcomputer‐based testing, reviews several testing applications available in microcomputer format, and offers ideas on future developments.
Diagnostic Model for Assessing the Effect of Developmental Issues on Career Action
Authors: PEDERSEN JOAN S. , SMITH CYNTHIA B.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a Diagnostic Model for Assessing the Effect of Developmental Issues on Career Action that is designed to help career counselors diagnose problems that are interfering with clients' career development and to determine appropriate interventions.
The Paid Helper's Position in Power
Authors: BAILEY JOHN A.
Published: December 2011

As the incompetent, the ill, the aged, the dependent, the mendicant, the miscreant, the recalcitrant, and the unemployed “have always been with us,” so too have those charged by society to assist these “less fortunate.” Searching for a significant sinecure, we helpers are the sycophants and supernumeraries of civilization.
Organizational Costs of Sexual Harassment
Authors: TERPSTRA DAVID E.
Published: December 2011

Working women were surveyed regarding their probable initial reactions to different forms of sexual harassment. Many indicated they would either quit their jobs or report sexual harassment to external authorities. Discusses organizational costs of sexual harassment, ways of preventing such costs, and implications for employment counselors.
Veterans' Preference: A Barrier to the Recruitment of Women?
Authors: KENNEDY R. BRYAN
Published: December 2011

The author reports results from a study to ascertain whether or not the Veterans' Readjustment Program presented a barrier to the recruitment of women at the U.S. Army Missile Command.
A Comparison of the Social Interactions of Workers with and without Disabilities
Authors: TEST DAVID W. , FAREBROTHER CLAY , SPOONER FRED
Published: December 2011

In this study, the authors investigate the social interactions of workers with and without disabilities. Results are discussed in terms of valued social skills and curriculum implications.
Dislocated Workers: A Response
Authors: SANDLER SHELDA BACHIN
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author responds to an article by Diane L. Kjos in the March 1988 issue of this journal and presents her own firsthand impressions while working as an employment counselor for dislocated workers.
Career Counseling for the Middle School Youngster: Grades 6–9
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

Vocational behaviors such as occupational decision making are a prolonged developmental process, beginning at least as early as the elementary school grades. This article describes first the general characteristics of the middle school youngster, followed by pragmatic activities and strategies for counselors to use at this level.
Integrating the Search for Work and Leisure
Authors: BRADLEY CAROLYN
Published: December 2011

Career counselors use leisure interests as a source of ideas for vocational decision making. A leisure search is built on the same self‐directed skills that have proven so successful in the job search.
Career Experiences of Bachelor's Degree Recipients: Comparison of Psychology and Other Majors
Authors: LITTLEPAGE GLENN , PERRY SYLVIA , HODGE HARRY
Published: December 2011

A study was conducted to compare career experiences of psychology majors with persons majoring in other fields. Questionnaires were mailed to bachelor's degree recipients with majors in psychology, liberal arts, the sciences, and business. Psychology majors were employed in a wide variety of occupations and were generally in jobs that seemed appropriate for college graduates. In terms of salary, relationship between college major and work, and relevance of college major to job experiences, psychology majors were fairly similar to liberal arts majors. However, the work experiences of psychology majors were not as positive as the work experiences of business and science majors. Sex differences were observed in career experiences for all categories of college majors.
Note on the Perceived Occupational Future of Physically Disabled College Students
Authors: BABBITT CHARLES E. , BURBACH HAROLD J.
Published: December 2011

How do physically disabled college students perceive their occupational future? The findings indicate that although the vast majority of students held high career aspirations, many sensed that their career goals may be unattainable. The findings also show that nearly three out of four respondents preferred a career that involved working with people. At the same time, most wanted to work for either a large or small business rather than an educational institution or state or federal governmental agency.
Florida's Vocational Testing Program
Authors: HANKINS JANETTE A.
Published: December 2011

This article describes Florida's efforts at instituting a statewide item banking and testing program in vocational education. Several aspects of Florida's testing program are described. First, the rationale for the statewide testing program and item banking procedure is discussed. The development and coding of items included in the item bank, the dissemination of the item bank to local school districts, and the development of the statewide test are then discussed. Problems Florida encountered are described and a series of recommendations based on Florida's experiences are given. Finally, current work aimed at improving Florida's item banking and testing procedures is discussed.
Employment Counseling in a Global Economy
Authors: HERR EDWIN L.
Published: December 2011

Emerging regional and global economic structures pose new challenges to broaden and to extend existing models of employment counseling. This article describes such challenges.
New Tasks, New Visions: Employment Counseling in Australia
Authors: PRYOR ROBERT G. L. , HAMMOND BARBARA , HAWKINS TREVOR K.
Published: December 2011

Some of the major challenges facing employment counseling in Australia are canvased. Three current ways to meet these challenges are outlined.
Group Employment Counseling in Canada
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN , BORGEN WILLIAM , WESTWOOD MARVIN
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the development and implementation of a group employment‐counseling training program that is being used by the Canadian Employment and Immigration Commission.
Temporary Help Services: An Alternative Form of Employment
Authors: SILVASI‐PATCHIN JUDITH A. , NEWLON BETTY J.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the Temporary Help Industry segment of the contingent work force. The benefits and drawbacks to both the employer and “employee” are discussed. Profiles of people who can benefit from this alternative employment experience are suggested.
Workers With AIDS: Hypothetical Supervisors' Willingness to Make EAP Referrals
Authors: GERSTEIN LAWRENCE H. , DUFFEY KIM
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the willingness of 86 hypothetical supervisors to refer subordinates with five types of problems (AIDS, HIV‐positive, alcohol abuse, cocaine abuse, and job impairments) to an Employee Assistance Program (EAP). The overall hypothesis was supported. The more severe the worker's problem, the more likely supervisors were to engage in an EAP referral.
The Importance of Written, Verbal, and Nonverbal Communication Factors in Employment Interview Decisions
Authors: UGBAH STEVE D. , EVULEOCHA STEVINA U.
Published: December 2011

This study explored dimensions of influential factors in employment interviewing from the recruiter's (N = 423) perspective in hiring new college graduates for an entry‐level position. A factor analysis of 28 communication items was conducted. Study results suggest that there are six dimensions of influential communication factors in employment interviews.
College Students and Their Part‐Time Jobs: Job Congruency, Satisfaction, and Quality
Authors: KANE STEVEN T. , HEALY CHARLES C. , HENSON JAMES
Published: December 2011

Randomly selected undergraduate students (1,438) at an urban west coast university were surveyed about their college employment experiences. Results indicate that students employed in part‐time jobs congruent with their career interests were more likely to be satisfied with their jobs. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Hiring Practices for Human Resource Professionals: Implications for Counseling and Curriculum Development
Authors: GOZA BARBARA K. , LAU ANDREA DeBELLIS
Published: December 2011

Employers of human resource professionals described their hiring practices. This information is especially useful for counselors and for developing curricula for nonbusiness majors interested in human resource careers.
Counselor Training in Canada: An Alberta Approach
Authors: MACDONALD DARLENE L.
Published: December 2011

This article examines the initiatives of the Alberta/Northwest Territories Region of Employment and Immigration Canada in the implementation and continuing development of employment counselor training within the context of changing economic conditions and policy changes. Initiatives have included innovative group approaches, a program of competence maintenance and enhancement, and the development of an accountability framework for employment counseling. Future directions for training are also examined.
Group Employment Counseling Training in Canada
Authors: BAILEY BRUCE K.
Published: December 2011

This article outlines the views of the author regarding group training of employment counselors in Canada. The current group training program for employment counselors and the accompanying packages are discussed.
The Timing of Counselor Contact in the Use of a Computer Information Delivery System With Adult Career Counseling Clients
Authors: NILES SPENCER G.
Published: December 2011

Treatment outcome differences based on the timing of counselor contact in the use of a computer information delivery system were investigated. The results indicate significant differences between scores for the postintervention counseling and control groups on the Career Decision Scale. Results also indicate significant differences between the postintervention and en‐route counseling groups for scores on the Computer Liking subscale of the Computer Attitude Scale. Implications are discussed.
A Career Counseling Diagnostic Model: How to Assess and Counsel Career‐Concerned Clients
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

This article provides a practical and proven diagnostic system that can be used by career counselors to assess and counsel their clients.
A Criterion‐Related Validity Study of the OASIS‐2 Interest Schedule
Authors: LEVINSON EDWARD M. , RAFOTH BENNETT A. , LESNAK LYNETTE
Published: December 2011

A total of 36 rising high school seniors who were participating in a summer program designed to encourage interest in attending college were administered the Self‐Directed Search (SDS) and OASIS‐2 Interest Schedule. Correlational analyses identified statistically significant relationships between SDS and OASIS‐2 scales. In most cases, scales one would expect to find related to one another correlated significantly and at a level many would consider to be acceptable for establishing criterion‐related validity. Implications of the results for those practitioners using the OASIS‐2 Interest Schedule are discussed.
Integrating Personal and Career Counseling: A Challenge for Counselors
Authors: IMBIMBO PATRICIA V.
Published: December 2011

In recent years career counseling has often been viewed as separate and distinct from personal counseling, ignoring a long tradition in the career development field that has consistently recognized the importance of personality factors in the process of choosing and maintaining a career. This paper argues for the use of an eclectic career counseling model that embraces both personality and career development theories. The model requires the counselor to be able to move back and forth between the active and directive role of the career counselor and the facilitative and exploratory role of the personal counselor. A case is presented to demonstrate its application and implications for counseling and training are discussed.
What Employment Counselors Need to Know About Employment Discrimination and the Civil Rights Act of 1991
Authors: HAGEN JANET W. , HAGEN WILLIS W.
Published: December 2011

Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 there are two theories of liability for employment discrimination: disparate treatment and disparate impact. While disparate treatment deals with the adverse treatment of a specified employee, disparate impact deals with discrimination against a class of individuals. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 modified the law to allow plaintiffs to more readily bring a discrimination case. This article reviews the major components of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, and a proactive approach to using equal opportunity law in employment counseling.
An Interactive Model of Career Decision Making
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

The decision‐making model described in this article highlights the interaction between contextual factors, decision triggers, establishing a perspective (frame) of the problem, reframing, and action planning. The interactive perspective is based on process and change and seems particularly relevant in the current social and economic situation. Career counseling with an interactive decision‐making approach requires an acknowledgement of external influences as well as of individual variables.
Indexes of Psychological Well‐Being and Role Commitment Among Working Women
Authors: NAPHOLZ LINDA
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare level of work role commitment with indexes of psychological well‐being among multiple‐role working women.
Making Career Development a Reality for Dual‐Career Couples
Authors: SPIKER‐MILLER SUZANNE , KEES NATHALIE
Published: December 2011

This article presents a brief overview of the complex critical issues that play a part in the life‐style of the dual‐career couple. These critical issues, although interdependent, are categorized into three areas for the purposes of discussion: career‐related, family system, and individual issues. The resulting implications for the career development process are also discussed. Finally, recommendations are introduced that would increase the effectiveness of career development counseling for individuals who either anticipate being part of, or are currently a part of, a dual‐career couple.
Action Planning Through the Phases of Counseling
Authors: Amundson Norman E.
Published: December 2011

The position put forth in this article is that both clients and counselors must be regarded as active agents within the counseling process. Using 4 phases of counseling, client actions at each phase are viewed in terms of their implications for action planning. Adopting this perspective has implications for both counseling practice and evaluation.
The Client Action Plan Within Employment Counseling
Authors: BEAUCHESNE DENYSE , BELZILE GERMAINE
Published: December 2011

The action plan development model introduced in this article describes the process recommended to assist clients who receive employment counseling through Canada Employment Centres or other agencies funded by the Human Resources Development Department. This specific decision‐making process is established in the context of employment counseling assessment interviews illustrating how potential objectives are explored, prioritized, and translated into concrete and feasible activities that form a client's action plan.
Pathways to Careers: A Videotape Review
Authors: Ohler Denise L.
Published: December 2011

Pathways to Careers produced by the Pennsylvania Occupational Information Coordinating Committee (POICC), Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry; Harrisburg, PA. 1994, 60 minutes, $15.00. A “Career Development Awareness Guide” accompanies the video.
The Relationship Between Career Maturity and Congruence, Consistency, and Differentiation Among Individuals With and Without Learning Disabilities
Authors: OHLER DENISE L. , LEVINSON EDWARD M. , HAYS GREGORY M.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the relationship between career maturity and Holland's (1985a) constructs of congruence, consistency, and differentiation among individuals with and without learning disabilities. In addition, it examined whether a relationship exists between Holland's (1985a) Investigative personality type and career maturity in individuals with and without learning disabilities. Results yielded no statistically significant associations between career maturity and any of the 3 constructs for either group of individuals. Similarly, no relationship was found between Investigative personality types and career maturity. Last, the 2 groups studied did not differ on the 3 constructs.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Computer Information Systems Students Toward Employment Opportunities
Authors: ROBBINS RUTH R.
Published: December 2011

Understanding the attitudes and objectives of students who are potential employees represents an integral part of a recruitment strategy to attract the best students into the computer information systems (CIS) field. Using an experimental instrument consisting of 3 major sections, this study examined the attitudes and motivating factors of students selecting their first position in the CIS field. Overall, the results indicate that students perceive that they will achieve the greatest job satisfaction and motivation in large computer firms. They were evenly divided in their preferences and expectations that they work either for large computer vendors or other private industry. These results are beneficial to those involved in the CIS recruitment and hiring process.
Trends in Advertised Entry‐Level Technology, Interpersonal, and Basic Communication Job Skills, 1992–1994
Authors: NORTH ALEXA BRYANS , WORTH WILLIAM E.
Published: December 2011

This study identifies entry‐level employment trends in technology, interpersonal, and basic communication job skills over time using classified newspaper advertisements from standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) in the United States. These skills were selected from a set of workplace know‐hows listed in two editions of a U.S. Department of Labor report, the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS; 1991, 1992). The results indicate that classified ads specifically requesting technical and interpersonal job skills have declined, yet ads requesting basic communication skills have remained constant, with a high percentage specifically requesting these basic skills.
Employment Clothing for Women in Training Programs
Authors: SEARLE CHERRY
Published: December 2011

Eighty‐one women in social service employment programs were surveyed to determine knowledge of employment clothing. They were compared on demographics, and differences were found in possession of business clothing, resources for clothing, education, income, residence, and homelessness. Based on these differences, they were separated into 3 smaller groups. The comparison showed that women who had interview and employment clothing had never been homeless, had higher incomes and educational levels, and used different resources for obtaining their clothing. These responses indicate a need to educate low‐income participants on information about employment clothing and resources.
Offering Appraisal Support Within Career Counseling
Authors: NILES SPENCER G.
Published: December 2011

Supportive career counseling acts are discussed within the framework of 3 types of support: (a) emotional support, (b) informational support, and (c) appraisal support. Specific illustrations of appraisal support interventions are provided.
Testing the Validity and Reliability of the Perceived Employability Scale (PES) Among a Culturally Diverse Population
Authors: DANIELS JUDY , D'ANDREA MICHAEL , GAUGHEN KIAKA J. S.
Published: December 2011

This article reports the results of a study designed to test the validity and reliability of a newly developed career self‐efficacy test called the Perceived Employability Scale (PES). A large group (N = 2,600) of low‐income women with diverse cultural, ethnic, and racial backgrounds living in Hawaii participated in this investigation. Recommendations for researchers and practitioners who are employment counselors are discussed.
Job Motivations of Professional and Technical Contingent Workers: Are They Different From Permanent Workers?
Authors: ALLAN PETER , SIENKO STEPHEN
Published: December 2011

In the United States and Europe, the fastest growing segments of the temporary or contingent workforce have been In professional and technical fields. Yet little is known of the motivations of these workers. Accordingly, the authors administered the Hackman and Oldham (1980) Job Diagnostic Survey to professional and technical contingent and permanent employees of a major U.S. telecommunications company. Contingent workers had higher motivation potential scores, scored significantly higher in task identity and feedback from the job, and scored higher In combined need strength than did the permanent workers. The findings suggest that contingents can be a rich source of motivated workers.
The Effectiveness of a Career Guidance Program With Long‐Term Unemployed Individuals
Authors: DONOHUE ROSS , PATTON WENDY
Published: December 2011

A career guidance assistance program was undertaken with 58 long‐term unemployed individuals, with its effectiveness evaluated through preintervention and postintervention questionnaire. Preintervention data indicated that 83% of individuals had never experienced career guidance and that 45% lacked direction in career options. Postintervention results indicated that 67% of participants believed that the career guidance process was very effective and 91% believed that they had developed more realistic expectations about career opportunities, after the intervention. Qualitative evaluations of the Intervention clustered around positive themes such as increased knowledge of self, improved direction in career goals, confirmation of own perceptions of abilities, and improved confidence. Comparisons indicated that participants were able to generate more career options with an expanded focus after the intervention.
The Relation of College Internships, College Performance, and Subsequent Job Opportunity
Authors: KNOUSE STEPHEN B. , TANNER JOHN R. , HARRIS ELIZABETH W.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the relationship of business college internships to college performance and to subsequent job opportunities. Whites were more apt to have had an internship than African Americans; there was no difference by gender. Students with internships had a significantly higher overall grade point average, were somewhat younger upon graduation, and were more apt to be employed upon graduation than students without internships. Internships were thus related to both better college performance and to receiving a job offer upon graduation. Discussion centered on the role of internship in realistic job expectations and recommendations for improving internships.
Structural Model of Coping and Emotions Produced by Taking a New Job
Authors: McCARTHY CHRISTOPHER J. , LAMBERT RICHARD G.
Published: December 2011

The relationship of preventive and combative coping resources to appraisals and emotions produced by taking a new job was investigated at 2 separate times. Participants consisted of 231 graduate students who completed inventories measuring these variables regarding their last employment experience. The results of the structural model suggested that preventive coping resources may affect the appraised desirability of taking a new job as well as Initial emotions related to this event, and that combative coping resources may affect subsequent emotional responses. The implications of these results for timing interventions by employment counselors using stress counseling techniques are discussed.
Predicting Job Seeking Frequency and Psychological Well‐Being in the Unemployed
Authors: WIENER KARL K. K. , OEI TIAN P. S. , CREED PETER A.
Published: December 2011

Unemployed (n = 118) and employed (n = 120) people were contrasted on variables of well‐being, confidence, and employment commitment. The unemployed scored lower on the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972) and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al., 1982). No differences were Identified on levels of employment commitment. For the unemployed sample, predictors of job‐seeking behavior and well‐being were then examined. Intention to seek work predicted job‐seeking behavior, while self‐efficacy, employment commitment, and intentions to seek work predicted well‐being. Results are discussed in light of current theories of job seeking behavior, and recommendations are made for practice.
Applying the Cognitive Information Processing Approach to Career Problem Solving and Decision Making to Women's Career Development
Authors: McLENNAN NATASHA A. , ARTHUR NANCY
Published: December 2011

An expanded framework of the Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) approach to career problem solving and decision making is outlined for career counseling with women. The modified framework addresses structural and individual barriers in women's career development and provides practical suggestions for applying and evaluating the CIP approach in career counseling.
Web‐Assisted Career Counseling
Authors: KIRK JAMES J.
Published: December 2011

For the past 20 years counselors have used computer‐based career information systems to assist clients with career planning and job hunting. Much of the same this information is now available on the Internet and can be accessed without the aid of a counselor. Such developments are likely to have a major impact on employment counseling practices. This article outlines selected Web‐assisted counseling issues that are likely to affect counselors over the next few years and summarizes the career services currently available on the World Wide Web.
Measuring the Agreement of Several Three‐Letter Holland Codes for One Person
Authors: HUTCHINSON T. P.
Published: December 2011

A method is proposed for measuring the agreement of several 3‐letter Holland (J. L. Holland, 1992) codes that have been obtained on one individual using different methods. The basis of the method is the scores 4, 2, 1,0 for Holland themes (R = Realistic, I = Investigative, A = Artistic, S = Social, E = Enterprising, C = Conventional) listed first, listed second, listed third, and omitted from the 3‐letter code.
A Swedish Perspective on the Importance of Bourdieu's Theories for Career Counseling
Authors: LINDH GUNNEL , DAHLIN EINAR
Published: December 2011

For many years, professional career counseling practice has been based on psychological rather than sociological theories. In this article, the authors argue that sociological theories, particularly that of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (P. Bourdieu & L. Wacquant, 1992), are important for the framework of the counselor.
Compelling evidence of the need for corporate work/life balance initiatives: results from a national survey of stressful life‐events
Authors: Hobson Charles J. , Delunas Linda , Kesic Dawn
Published: December 2011

The difficulties faced by U.S. workers trying to balance excessive work and life/family demands have been the subject of significant discussion in corporate America. Failure to achieve balance can lead to a variety of serious negative consequences for both individuals and organizations, including higher stress levels, increased absenteeism, and lower productivity.
Psychological distress in australian case managers working with the unemployed
Authors: Goddard Richard , Patton Wendy , Creed Peter
Published: December 2011

This study reports levels of psychological distress found in a sample of Australian case managers who work with the unemployed. Using a longitudinal survey methodology, 86 case managers employed throughout Australia completed the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12; D. P. Goldberg, 1978) on 2 occasions during 1999. In comparison with other studies investigating psychological well‐being of both employed and unemployed individuals, case manager respondents in this study reported significantly higher levels of psychological morbidity than levels reported for employed Australians and similar morbidity levels to those reported by unemployed Australians. Skills training seemed to moderate psychological distress levels reported by female case managers.
the role of opportunity structures in older women workers' careers
Authors: August Rachel A. , Quintero Victoria C.
Published: December 2011

This article describes contextual factors that exert influence on whether, when, and how people retire. The authors use opportunity structures as a framework for describing these processes. Interview data were gathered from 21 late‐career women; 2 illustrative cases depict differing career circumstances. Several important contextual factors were identified, including organizational membership, occupational membership, work peers, and the history of opportunities. Depending on the circumstances, these factors can enhance or limit the range of retirement‐related options. Employment counselors can help expand this range by advocating training and job placement centers, examining norms and combating stereotypes, and encouraging job redesign.
web‐assisted vocational test interpretation
Authors: Jones W. Paul , Harbach Robert L. , Coker J. Kelly , Staples Pamela A.
Published: December 2011

Despite the increasing availability of online counseling services, many questions remain unanswered. This study compared the effectiveness of a specific employment counseling activity, vocational interest inventory interpretation, across 3 delivery modalities: (a) online text chat; (b) online text chat with video cues; and (c) traditional, face‐to‐face interpretation. The difference in ratings of session value between text chat with video and face‐to‐face modalities was not significant; both were rated significantly higher than text chat alone. The results provide tentative support for online delivery of vocational test interpretation if video cues are available but suggest caution with use of text chat alone.
Psychological distress and burnout in australian employment service workers: Two years on
Authors: Patton Wendy , Goddard Richard
Published: December 2011

During 2001, 152 case managers providing intensive assistance to the unemployed completed the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (D. P. Goldberg, 1978) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; C. Maslach, S. E. Jackson, & M. P. Leiter, 1996). Of the 152 case managers, 48% endorsed responses indicating psychological distress, and on emotional exhaustion, the core dimension of burnout on the MBI, the mean for these case managers was significantly higher than that published for other human service workers. The results confirm data from a 1999 longitudinal study and indicate significant levels of burnout and distress in employment service case managers in the Australian Job Network.
Application of holland's theory to a nonprofessional occupation
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Bass Connie
Published: December 2011

The authors, using the recently developed Position Classification Inventory (PCI; G. Gottfredson & J. L. Holland, 1991), examined male and female perceptions of a nonprofessional occupation. Results suggest that the PCI shows promise as a method of classifying occupations according to J. L. Holland's (1997) theory.
the personal study program as a tool for career planning and personalization of adult learning
Authors: Onnismaa Jussi
Published: December 2011

The personal study program (PSP) can be defined as a tool for the successful accomplishment of vocational adult training. The program defines the objectives of education and training and the best means of achieving these. Through counseling interaction with other members of the group and the trainer/instructor, the adult learner may redefine her or his goals and relation to a future profession and so revise her or his PSP. PSP practices may help a competence‐based qualifications system to function well. PSP and other individualizing practices in vocational adult education and training can be regarded as a part of the individualization processes that are typical of modernization and reflexivity within the wider society.
Wellness and mattering: the role of holistic factors in job satisfaction
Authors: Connolly Kathleen M. , Myers Jane E.
Published: December 2011

A study was conducted with 82 employees in varied positions to determine the variance in job satisfaction that could be accounted for by holistic wellness and mattering. Results of regression analyses revealed that both wellness and mattering contributed significantly to the variance in job satisfaction; however, wellness was the stronger predictor. When block variables such as age and job tenure were held constant, the contributions of wellness and mattering to job satisfaction were not significant.
the role of the employer in shaping students' work‐related skills
Authors: Molseed Timothy R. , Alsup John , Voyles James
Published: December 2011

One hundred two employers were surveyed to identify their level of involvement and perceived responsibilities in working with student‐workers to develop personal responsibility, decision‐making ability, problem‐solving ability, collaboration, commitment, and career development. Results suggested that employers perceived their involvement to be in the following areas, from highest to lowest: commitment, personal responsibility, problem‐solving ability, collaboration, decision‐making ability, and career development.
pink slip: Chronicling a job loss
Authors: Connolly Rose
Published: December 2011

The author describes her 5‐month job search, decision to accept a job that required her to relocate, and subsequent firing from that job. Some of the emotional effects of these events are also discussed.
high anxiety: counseling the job‐insecure client
Authors: Canaff Audrey L. , Wright Wanda
Published: December 2011

In today's workplace, employees are faced with the potential of corporate downsizing, mergers and acquisitions, and job restructuring and relocation. These trends create a sense of job insecurity for the individual. Job insecurity affects the individual's life in a variety of ways, including emotional and psychological consequences, marital and family consequences, and organizational consequences. This article presents an overview of the effects of job insecurity and strategies that counselors can use in working with the job‐insecure client.
do specific holland types prefer specific types of counseling approaches? an exploratory study
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Springer Thomas P. , Cowger Ernest
Published: December 2011

The authors examined the degree of congruency found in a sample of 61 college students between a preference for a specific counseling orientation, measured using the Counseling Orientation Scale (COS; L. C. Loesch & R. J. McDavis, 1978), and a dominant Holland type, measured using the Self‐Directed Search (SDS; J. L. Holland, 1994). Results revealed a moderate degree of congruency between the 2 scores. Implications of the findings for counselors are discussed.
the impact of outplacement programs on reemployment criteria: a longitudinal study of displaced managers and executives
Authors: Westaby James D.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinally the impact of outplacement support (e.g., counseling and psychological assessment) on several reemployment criteria. A sample of 1,880 managers and executives using the services of a large outplacement organization was examined. Controlling for past salary, severance, and demographics, results demonstrated that displaced managers and executives participating in programs that demonstrated higher levels of outplacement support took more time to find reemployment, had greater likelihood of reemployment, and had higher salaries in new jobs than individuals participating in programs with lower levels of outplacement support. Implications for organizations reducing their workforces are discussed.
Preventing postparchment depression: a model of career counseling for college seniors
Authors: Wood Frances B.
Published: December 2011

College graduates and employers alike have expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of job competencies of new graduates. Both groups suggest that institutions of higher education must do a better job of preparing their students to meet workplace challenges. The author describes the problem and presents a model that is delivered via distance education at one university. One of the major goals of the program presented is to ease the transition of college graduates to the workforce. The practical suggestions are appropriate for practitioners who work with this population, and they can be adapted for individual or group counseling.
Empowering high‐risk clients to attain a better quality of life: a career resiliency framework
Authors: Rickwood Rory R. , Roberts Julian , Batten Suzanne , Marshall Anne , Massie Kendra
Published: December 2011

Career counselors frequently encounter clients who are at high risk for career and life development difficulties. Research suggests there is a connection between resiliency and successful career development in high‐risk clients. Many high‐risk individuals have poor decision‐making skills and lack motivation to succeed in life and career development. This article describes a career resiliency framework in which career resiliency is best understood within the context of psychological resiliency. Specifically, this article explicates how career counseling from a resiliency theory perspective may promote successful career development for populations dealing with multiple barriers.
The relationship between work and well‐being in clergywomen: implications for career counseling
Authors: Frame Marsha Wiggins , Shehan Constance L.
Published: December 2011

This article focuses on the ministry, a profession in which 2 important characteristics intersect to pose special challenges for women in balancing their work and family responsibilities. In this qualitative study of clergywomen (N = 190), the authors examined the impact of being female in a male‐dominated occupation, particularly one that has been traditionally structured as a “2‐person career.” They argue that career counselors are in a unique position to prepare future clergywomen for the special challenges they will face in the ministry and make recommendations for ways in which career counselors may serve this distinctive population.
Career counseling: applying the systems theory framework of career development
Authors: McMahon Mary
Published: December 2011

In recent years, career development and career counseling have increasingly been informed by concepts emanating from the constructivist worldview. For example, the Systems Theory Framework (STF; M. McMahon, 2002; M. McMahon & W. Patton, 1995; W. Patton & M. McMahon, 1997, 1999) of career development has been proposed as a metatheoretical account of career development. Furthermore, its theoretical constructs may be applied to career counseling. Thus, the STF provides a theoretical and practical consistency to career counseling and addresses concerns about a gulf between career theory and practice. This article discusses the practical application of the STF of career development as a guide to career counseling.