bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between Residual Protease Activity in Commercial Lactases and the Subsequent Digestibility of β-Casein in a Model System
Authors: Zhao Di , Le Thao T. , Larsen Lotte Bach , Nian Yingqun , Wang Cong , Li Chunbao , Zhou Guanghong
Published: August 2019

One of the conventional ways to produce lactose-hydrolyzed (LH) milk is via the addition of commercial lactases into heat-treated milk in which lactose is hydrolyzed throughout storage. This post-hydrolysis method can induce proteolysis in milk proteins due to protease impurities remaining in commercial lactase preparations. In this work, the interplay between lactose hydrolysis, proteolysis, and glycation was studied in a model system of purified β-casein (β-CN), lactose, and lactases using peptidomic methods. With a lactase presence, the proteolysis of β-CN was found to be increased during storage. The protease side-activities mainly acted on the hydrophobic C-terminus of β-CN at Ala, Pro, Ile, Phe, Leu, Lys, Gln, and Tyr positions, resulting in the formation of peptides, some of which were N-terminal glycated or potentially bitter. The proteolysis in β-CN incubated with a lactase was shown to act as a kind of “pre-digestion”, thus increasing the subsequent in vitro digestibility of β-CN and drastically changing the peptide profiles of the in vitro digests. This model study provides a better understanding of how the residual proteases in commercial lactase preparations affect the quality and nutritional aspects of β-CN itself and could be related to its behavior in LH milk.
Genetically Engineered Proteins to Improve Biomass Conversion: New Advances and Challenges for Tailoring Biocatalysts
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Ferreira , Amarelle Vanesa , Alves Luana de Fátima , Viana de Siqueira Guilherme Marcelino , Lovate Gabriel Lencioni , Borelli Tiago Cabral , Guazzaroni María-Eugenia
Published: August 2019

Protein engineering emerged as a powerful approach to generate more robust and efficient biocatalysts for bio-based economy applications, an alternative to ecologically toxic chemistries that rely on petroleum. On the quest for environmentally friendly technologies, sustainable and low-cost resources such as lignocellulosic plant-derived biomass are being used for the production of biofuels and fine chemicals. Since most of the enzymes used in the biorefinery industry act in suboptimal conditions, modification of their catalytic properties through protein rational design and in vitro evolution techniques allows the improvement of enzymatic parameters such as specificity, activity, efficiency, secretability, and stability, leading to better yields in the production lines. This review focuses on the current application of protein engineering techniques for improving the catalytic performance of enzymes used to break down lignocellulosic polymers. We discuss the use of both classical and modern methods reported in the literature in the last five years that allowed the boosting of biocatalysts for biomass degradation.
High-Throughput Immunological Analysis of Dictamni Cortex: Implication in the Quality Control of Herbal Medicine
Authors: Tsang Miranda Sin-Man , Shaw Pang-Chui , Chu Ida Miu-Ting , Cheng Ling , Wong Eric Chun-Wai , Lau David Tai-Wai , Lam Christopher Wai-Kei , Wong Chun-Kwok
Published: August 2019

Quality inconsistency of herbal medicine is an obstacle that limits the extensive use and study of traditional Chinese medicine. Differences in environmental conditions and processing methods of herbal medicine often result in varying clinical outcomes in patients. Standard chemical markers used for the quality control (QC) of herbal medicine are usually the most abundant and characteristic components, which may not be therapeutically relevant or cannot comprehensively reflect the biological quality of the herbs. In view of this, a novel QC method for better assessment of herbal medicine has been developed via bioactivities analysis. Immunological activities of Dictamni Cortex, a typical herbal medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, from different geographical locations in China, were evaluated. Upon in vitro treatment of their water and ethanol extracts, distinct patterns of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-1β, and chemokine CXCL8 were released from the lipopolysaccharides- and/or phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Thus, in addition to the commonly used morphological, chemical, or DNA markers, the novel high-throughput profiling of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines of PBMC upon treatment with herbal extracts could be an important reference to help for the quality control of herbal medicine in the future.
Thiol-ene "Click" Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of C-Glycoside sp2-Iminosugar Glycolipids
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Elena M. , García-Moreno M. Isabel , García-Hernández Raquel , Padrón José M. , García Fernández José M. , Gamarro Francisco , Ortiz Mellet Carmen
Published: August 2019

The unique stereoelectronic properties of sp2-iminosugars enable their participation in glycosylation reactions, thereby behaving as true carbohydrate chemical mimics. Among sp2-iminosugar conjugates, the sp2-iminosugar glycolipids (sp2-IGLs) have shown a variety of interesting pharmacological properties ranging from glycosidase inhibition to antiproliferative, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Developing strategies compatible with molecular diversity-oriented strategies for structure–activity relationship studies was therefore highly wanted. Here we show that a reaction sequence consisting in stereoselective C-allylation followed by thiol-ene “click” coupling provides a very convenient access to α-C-glycoside sp2-IGLs. Both the glycone moiety and the aglycone tail can be modified by using sp2-iminosugar precursors with different configurational profiles (d-gluco or d-galacto in this work) and varied thiols, as well as by oxidation of the sulfide adducts (to the corresponding sulfones in this work). A series of derivatives was prepared in this manner and their glycosidase inhibitory, antiproliferative and antileishmanial activities were evaluated in different settings. The results confirm that the inhibition of glycosidases, particularly α-glucosidase, and the antitumor/leishmanicidal activities are unrelated. The data are also consistent with the two later activities arising from the ability of the sp2-IGLs to interfere in the immune system response in a cell line and cell context dependent manner.
Alnus Sibirica Extracts Suppress the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Lipopolysaccharides, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interferon-γ in Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Choi Jeongyoon , Moon Sunghee , Bae Hyemi , Kim Young-Won , Lee Donghee , Kim Seongtae , Seo Yelim , Wang Hye Soo , Choi Young Wook , Lee Min Won , Ko Jae-Hong , Lim Inja , Bang Hyoweon
Published: August 2019

The effects of Alnus sibirica (AS) extracts on cytokine expression induced by inflammatory stimulants were examined in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and RAW264.7 cells. The anti-oxidative effect and effect on cell viability of AS extracts were evaluated, and four extracts with the highest anti-oxidative effects were selected. HDFs and RAW264.7 cells were treated with inflammatory stimulants, and the expression of cytokines involved in acute (IL-6 and IL-10) and chronic (IL-18) inflammation, the initiation of the immune response (IL-33), and non-specific immune responses (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) were determined using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. LPS increased the expression of all the cytokines, except for IL-18; however, AS extracts, particularly AS2 and AS4, reduced this increase, and TNF-α treatment markedly increased the expression of cytokines related to non-specific immune responses. IFN-γ treatment induced no significant changes, except for increased IL-33 expression in HDFs. AS extracts inhibited the increase in the expression of IL-33 and other cytokines in HDFs. Thus, the exposure of HDFs and RAW264.7 cells to inflammatory stimulants increased the expression of cytokines related to all the inflammatory processes. HDFs are involved not only in simple tissue regeneration but also in inflammatory reactions in the skin. AS2 and AS4 may offer effective therapy for related conditions.
Enzyme Entrapment in Amphiphilic Myristyl-Phenylalanine Hydrogels
Authors: Falcone Natashya , Shao Tsuimy , Rashid Roomina , Kraatz Heinz-Bernhard
Published: August 2019

Supramolecular amino acid and peptide hydrogels are functional materials with a wide range of applications, however, their ability to serve as matrices for enzyme entrapment have been rarely explored. Two amino acid conjugates were synthesized and explored for hydrogel formation. These hydrogels were characterized in terms of strength and morphology, and their ability to entrap enzymes while keeping them active and reusable was explored. It was found that the hydrogels were able to successfully entrap two common and significant enzymes—horseradish peroxidase and α-amylase—thus keeping them active and stable, along with inducing recycling capabilities, which has potential to further advance the industrial biotransformation field.
Characteristics and Expression Pattern of MYC Genes in Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, and Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Chen Shoukun , Zhao Hongyan , Luo Tengli , Liu Yue , Nie Xiaojun , Li Haifeng
Published: August 2019

Myelocytomatosis oncogenes (MYC) transcription factors (TFs) belong to basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TF family and have a special bHLH_MYC_N domain in the N-terminal region. Presently, there is no detailed and systematic analysis of MYC TFs in wheat, rice, and Brachypodium distachyon. In this study, 26 TaMYC, 7 OsMYC, and 7 BdMYC TFs were identified and their features were characterized. Firstly, they contain a JAZ interaction domain (JID) and a putative transcriptional activation domain (TAD) in the bHLH_MYC_N region and a BhlH region in the C-terminal region. In some cases, the bHLH region is followed by a leucine zipper region; secondly, they display tissue-specific expression patterns: wheat MYC genes are mainly expressed in leaves, rice MYC genes are highly expressed in stems, and B. distachyon MYC genes are mainly expressed in inflorescences. In addition, three types of cis-elements, including plant development/growth-related, hormone-related, and abiotic stresses-related were identified in different MYC gene promoters. In combination with the previous studies, these results indicate that MYC TFs mainly function in growth and development, as well as in response to stresses. This study laid a foundation for the further functional elucidation of MYC genes.
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation on the Stimulation Interactions in Coalbed Methane Thermal Recovery
Authors: Teng Teng , Wang Yingheng , He Xiang , Chen Pengfei
Published: August 2019

Heat stimulation of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs has remarkable promotion to gas desorption that enhances gas recovery. However, coalbed deformation, methane delivery and heat transport interplay each other during the stimulation process. This paper experimentally validated the evolutions of gas sorption and coal permeability under variable temperature. Then, a completely coupled heat-gas-coal model was theoretically developed and applied to a computational simulation of CBM thermal recovery based on a finite element approach of COMSOL with MATLAB. Modeling and simulation results show that: Although different heat-gas-coal interactions have different effects on CBM recovery, thermal stimulation of coalbed can promote methane production effectively. However, CBM thermal recovery needs a forerunner heating time before the apparent enhancement of production. The modeling and simulation results may improve the current cognitions of CBM thermal recovery.
Fusion of Near-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy for In-Line Measurement of Component Content of Molten Polymer Blends
Authors: Zhu Shichao , Song Zhuoming , Shi Shengyu , Wang Mengmeng , Jin Gang
Published: August 2019

Spectral measurement techniques, such as the near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy, have been intensively researched. Nevertheless, even today, these techniques are still sparsely applied in industry due to their unpredictable and unstable measurements. This paper put forward two data fusion strategies (low-level and mid-level fusion) for combining the NIR and Raman spectra to generate fusion spectra or fusion characteristics in order to improve the in-line measurement precision of component content of molten polymer blends. Subsequently, the fusion value was applied to modeling. For evaluating the response of different models to data fusion strategy, partial least squares (PLS) regression, artificial neural network (ANN), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were applied to the modeling of four kinds of spectral data (NIR, Raman, low-level fused data, and mid-level fused data). A system simultaneously acquiring in-line NIR and Raman spectra was built, and the polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends, which had different grades and covered different compounding percentages of PP, were prepared for use as a case study. The results show that data fusion strategies improve the ANN and ELM model. In particular, mid-level fusion enables the in-line measurement of component content of molten polymer blends to become more accurate and robust.
A Biomimetic Miniaturized Microphone Array for Sound Direction Finding Applications Based on a Phase-Enhanced Electrical Coupling Network
Authors: Huang Chien-Chang , Liu Chien-Hao
Published: August 2019

In this research, we proposed a miniaturized two-element sensor array inspired by Ormia Ochracea for sound direction finding applications. In contrast to the convectional approach of using mechanical coupling structures for enlarging the intensity differences, we exploited an electrical coupling network circuit composed of lumped elements to enhance the phase differences and extract the optimized output power for good signal-to-noise ratio. The separation distance between two sensors could be reduced from 0.5 wavelength to 0.1 wavelength 3.43 mm at the operation frequency of 10 kHz) for determining the angle of arrivals. The main advantages of the proposed device include low power losses, flexible designs, and wide operation bandwidths. A prototype was designed, fabricated, and experiments examined within a sound anechoic chamber. It was demonstrated that the proposed device had a phase enhancement of 110 ° at the incident angle of 90 ° and the normalized power level of −2.16 dB at both output ports. The received power levels of our device were 3 dB higher than those of the transformer-type direction-finding system. In addition, our proposed device could operate in the frequency range from 8 kHz to 12 kHz with a tunable capacitor. The research results are expected to be beneficial for the compact sonar or radar systems.
Determination of Odor Intensity of Binary Gas Mixtures Using Perceptual Models and an Electronic Nose Combined with Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Szulczyński Bartosz , Gębicki Jacek
Published: August 2019

Measurement and monitoring of air quality in terms of odor nuisance is an important problem. From a practical point of view, it would be most valuable to directly link the odor intensity with the results of analytical air monitoring. Such a solution is offered by electronic noses, which thanks to the possibility of holistic analysis of the gas sample, allow estimation of the odor intensity of the gas mixture. The biggest problem is the occurrence of odor interactions between the mixture components. For this reason, methods that can take into account the interaction between components of the mixture are used to analyze data from the e-nose. In the presented study, the fuzzy logic algorithm was proposed for determination of odor intensity of binary mixtures of eight odorants: n-Hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, o-xylene, trimethylamine, triethylamine, α-pinene, and β-pinene. The proposed algorithm was compared with four theoretical perceptual models: Euclidean additivity, vectorial additivity, U model, and UPL model.
Calibration of BeiDou Triple-Frequency Receiver-Related Pseudorange Biases and Their Application in BDS Precise Positioning and Ambiguity Resolution
Authors: Zheng Fu , Gong Xiaopeng , Lou Yidong , Gu Shengfeng , Jing Guifei , Shi Chuang
Published: August 2019

Global Navigation Satellite System pseudorange biases are of great importance for precise positioning, timing and ionospheric modeling. The existence of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) receiver-related pseudorange biases will lead to the loss of precision in the BDS satellite clock, differential code bias estimation, and other precise applications, especially when inhomogeneous receivers are used. In order to improve the performance of BDS precise applications, two ionosphere-free and geometry-free combinations and ionosphere-free pseudorange residuals are proposed to calibrate the raw receiver-related pseudorange biases of BDS on each frequency. Then, the BDS triple-frequency receiver-related pseudorange biases of seven different manufacturers and twelve receiver models are calibrated. Finally, the effects of receiver-related pseudorange bias are analyzed by BDS single-frequency single point positioning (SPP), single- and dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP), wide-lane uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation, and ambiguity resolution, respectively. The results show that the BDS SPP performance can be significantly improved by correcting the receiver-related pseudorange biases and the accuracy improvement is about 20% on average. Moreover, the accuracy of single- and dual-frequency PPP is improved mainly due to a faster convergence when the receiver-related pseudorange biases are corrected. On the other hand, the consistency of wide-lane UPD among different stations is improved significantly and the standard deviation of wide-lane UPD residuals is decreased from 0.195 to 0.061 cycles. The average success rate of wide-lane ambiguity resolution is improved about 42.10%.
Lighting Deviation Correction for Integrating-Sphere Multispectral Imaging Systems
Authors: Zou Zhe , Shen Hui-Liang , Li Shijian , Zhu Yunfang , Xin John H.
Published: August 2019

In an integrating sphere multispectral imaging system, measurement inconsistency can arise when acquiring the spectral reflectances of samples. This is because the lighting condition can be changed by the measured samples, due to the multiple light reflections inside the integrating sphere. Besides, owing to non-uniform light transmission of the lens and narrow-band filters, the measured reflectance is spatially dependent. To deal with these problems, we propose a correction method that consists of two stages. The first stage employs a white board to correct non-uniformity and a small white patch to correct lighting deviation, both under the assumption of ideal Lambertian reflection. The second stage uses a polynomial regression model to further remove the lighting inconsistency when measuring non-Lambertian samples. The method is evaluated on image data acquired in a real multispectral imaging system. Experimental results illustrate that our method eliminates the measurement inconsistency considerably. This consequently improves the spectral and colorimetric accuracy in color measurement, which is crucial to practical applications.
Real-Time Ozone Sensor Based on Selective Oxidation of Methylene Blue in Mesoporous Silica Films
Authors: Ghazaly Christelle , Hébrant Marc , Langlois Eddy , Castel Blandine , Guillemot Marianne , Etienne Mathieu
Published: August 2019

Sensitive and selective personal exposure monitors are needed to assess ozone (O3) concentrations in the workplace atmosphere in real time for the analysis and prevention of health risks. Here, a cumulative gas sensor using visible spectroscopy for real-time O3 determination is described. The sensing chip is a mesoporous silica thin film deposited on transparent glass and impregnated with methylene blue (MB). The sensor is reproducible, stable for at least 50 days, sensitive to 10 ppb O3 (one-tenth of the occupational exposure limit value in France, Swiss, Canada, U.K., Japan, and the USA) with a measurement range tested up to 500 ppb, and insensitive to NO2 and to large variation in relative humidity. A model and its derivative as a function of time are proposed to convert in real time the sensor response to concentrations, and an excellent correlation was obtained between those data and reference O3 concentrations. This sensor is based on a relatively cheap sensing material and a robust detection system, and its analytical performance makes it suitable for monitoring real-time O3 concentrations in workplaces to promote a safer environment for workers.
Closing the Wearable Gap—Part II: Sensor Orientation and Placement for Foot and Ankle Joint Kinematic Measurements
Authors: Saucier David , Luczak Tony , Nguyen Phuoc , Davarzani Samaneh , Peranich Preston , Ball John E. , Burch Reuben F. , Smith Brian K. , Chander Harish , Knight Adam , Prabhu R. K.
Published: August 2019

The linearity of soft robotic sensors (SRS) was recently validated for movement angle assessment using a rigid body structure that accurately depicted critical movements of the foot–ankle complex. The purpose of this study was to continue the validation of SRS for joint angle movement capture on 10 participants (five male and five female) performing ankle movements in a non-weight bearing, high-seated, sitting position. The four basic ankle movements—plantar flexion (PF), dorsiflexion (DF), inversion (INV), and eversion (EVR)—were assessed individually in order to select good placement and orientation configurations (POCs) for four SRS positioned to capture each movement type. PF, INV, and EVR each had three POCs identified based on bony landmarks of the foot and ankle while the DF location was only tested for one POC. Each participant wore a specialized compression sock where the SRS could be consistently tested from all POCs for each participant. The movement data collected from each sensor was then compared against 3D motion capture data. R-squared and root-mean-squared error averages were used to assess relative and absolute measures of fit to motion capture output. Participant robustness, opposing movements, and gender were also used to identify good SRS POC placement for foot–ankle movement capture.
Methods to Evaluate Skin Penetration In Vitro
Authors: Zsikó Stella , Csányi Erzsébet , Kovács Anita , Budai-Szűcs Mária , Gácsi Attila , Berkó Szilvia
Published: August 2019

Dermal and transdermal drug therapy is increasing in importance nowadays in drug development. To completely utilize the potential of this administration route, it is necessary to optimize the drug release and skin penetration measurements. This review covers the most well-known and up-to-date methods for evaluating the cutaneous penetration of drugs in vitro as a supporting tool for pharmaceutical research scientists in the early stage of drug development. The aim of this article is to present various experimental models used in dermal/transdermal research and summarize the novel knowledge about the main in vitro methods available to study skin penetration. These techniques are: Diffusion cell, skin-PAMPA, tape stripping, two-photon microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and confocal Raman microscopic method.
Selection of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for a Low-Income Household
Authors: Babatunde Olubayo M. , Munda Josiah L. , Hamam Yskandar
Published: August 2019

The use of a single criterion in the selection of the most suitable hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) has been reported to be inadequate in terms of sustainability. In order to fill this gap, this study presents a multi-criteria approach for the selection of HRES for a typical low-income household. The analysis is based on two energy demand scenarios viz: consumer demand based on energy efficient equipment (EET) and consumer energy demand without energy efficiency. The optimization of the HRES is performed using hybrid optimization of multiple energy renewables (HOMER) while the multi-criteria analysis is carried out using Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Results show that the optimal HRES alternative returned based on both energy demand scenarios is a PV/GEN/BAT system. The analysis further shows that a reduction of 44.6% in energy demand through EET leads to: 51.38% decrease in total net present cost, 11.90% decrease in cost of energy, 96.61% decrease in CO 2 emission and 193.94% increase in renewable fraction. Furthermore, the use of multi-criteria approach for HRES selection has an influence in the selection and ranking of the most suitable HRES alternatives. Overall, the application of EETs is environmentally and economically beneficial while the application of MCDM can help decision makers make a comprehensively informed decision on the selection of the most suitable HRES.
Daily Positive Affect and Job Crafting: The Cross Level Moderating Effects of Individuals’ Resources
Authors: Kwon Nayoung , Kim Mihee , Kim Min-soo
Published: August 2019

Whereas past research on daily job crafting has tended to focus on how job crafting affected employee behaviors, we extend this study by examining the antecedents of job crafting and cross-level moderators such as leader-member exchange (LMX) and resilience. Using experience-sampling methodology, we examined the within-person level relationship between positive affect and job crafting as well as the moderating role of individuals’ LMX and resilience on this relationship. Finally, 105 employees completed surveys over 10 days. Results of hierarchical linear models revealed that daily positive affect was positively associated with job crafting. Also, results revealed moderating effects of LMX: the relation between positive affect and job crafting strengthened when employees had low-quality LMX relationship.
Rapid and Sensitive Analysis of Hormones and Other Emerging Contaminants in Groundwater Using Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction with Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Followed by GC-MS Detection
Authors: Kotowska Urszula , Kapelewska Justyna , Kotowski Adam , Pietuszewska Ewelina
Published: August 2019

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplet (USAEME-SFOD) has been applied to isolate hormones and other emerging contaminants from groundwater samples. Simultaneously with the extraction process, derivatization in the matrix was carried out using acetic anhydride. Quantification of studied organic pollutants was done through gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hormones included β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and diethylstilbestrol (DES). Other compounds belonged to groups of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac (DIC)), antiseptics (triclosan (TRC)), preservatives (propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP)), sunscreen agents (benzophenone (BPH), and 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor (3MBC)), repellents (N,N-diethyltoluamide (DEET)), industrial chemicals (bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octylphenol (4OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4NP)). A non-toxic and inexpensive 1-undecanol was successfully used as the extraction solvent. Volume of extractant and derivatization agent, ionic strength, and time of extraction were optimized. Very low limits of detection (LoD) ranging from 0.01 to 5.9 ng/L were obtained. Recoveries ranged from 90% to 123%, with relative standard deviation being lower than 17%. The developed procedure was used to determine target compounds in groundwater collected at municipal waste landfills as well as in groundwater from wells distant from sources of pollution.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Temporal Variations of Geothermal Water Quality in Tangtou, Shandong, China
Authors: Gao Zongjun , Liu Jiutan , Li Fuquan , Wang Min , Feng Jianguo , Wu Guangwei
Published: August 2019

Geothermal water resources are a kind of clean energy, which is a renewable resource to a certain extent and has a high value of development and utilization. To understand the hydrochemical characteristics, origins, and temporal variations of geothermal water quality in Tangtou, 13 geothermal water samples from 2007 to 2019 and geothermal geological conditions were collected. Cl− and Na+ are the major ions, which make the geothermal water belong Cl-Na type. The total dissolved solids values of geothermal waters were 1560–2512 mg/L and pH were in the range of 6.7–8.8. The development of faulted structures provides conditions for the formation of geothermal water. In addition, geothermal water is recharged by shallow underground cold water. Water-rock interaction, as well as mixing processes, in the process of long runoff path and the slower deep-water cycle is the main factor controlling the chemical composition of geothermal water. Calculated saturation index values indicated that the geothermal water was saturated with respect to silicate and carbonate minerals. Cation and silica chemical geothermometers indicated that reservoir temperatures ranged from 94.63 to 196.10 °C and from 69.13 to 123.75 °C, respectively. Based on the grey relational analysis, the main physicochemical components of geothermal water are obviously correlated with the geothermal water exploitation and precipitation. Overall, affected by exploitation and precipitation, main physicochemical components (such as the total dissolved solids, total hardness, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, K+, and Mg2+) showed a certain stage.
PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI JUNK FOOD DI KLINIK BROMO MEDAN TAHUN 2016
Authors: Nurmaliza Lili
Published: August 2019

Fulfillment of nutrition for pregnant women is indeed not yet fully realized by the people of Indonesia. It should be noted that the proliferation of junk food tends to result in a lack of nutritional intake which can cause congenital defects in the central nervous system and fetal brain. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge of pregnant women about the consumption habits of junk food at the Bromo Clinic in Medan. Research is descriptive with a population that is all pregnant women who visit the Bromo clinic with a sample of 14 respondents conducted by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out descriptively.The results of the study showed that the majority of pregnant women's knowledge was sufficient (71.42%) and knowledgeable (14.29%). Based on the age of the majority of knowledgeable enough (64.28%), the majority of education is sufficiently knowledgeable (64,285), the work of the majority of sufficient knowledge (57,14%) and the majority of information sources are sufficiently knowledgeable (42,86%). The conclusion is that the knowledge of pregnant women about the consumption habits of junk food at the Bromo Clinic is knowledgeable. It is recommended for pregnant women not to consume junk food.
PERAN ALUMNI DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DAN KUALITAS ALMAMATER
Authors: Supriyadi Agustinus
Published: August 2019

Education is the primary means for the successful of national development. This is because education is expected to form the quality of human resources neededfor development itself. Human resource is a prerequisite for the existence of the quality of an educational institution. However, the quality of an educational institution is influenced by many factors, among others are means of infrastructure, systems and dynamics of educational activities, mentality and quality of educators, and the role of alumni who have lived and involved throughout various fields work. Therefore, the development of educational institution is not only focused on providing educational inputs but also has to pay more attention to the education process itself. Alumni have a special relationship and bond to the educational institution which formed and educated them before. Therefore, Alumni are expected to be more participating in improving the quality of educational institution where they were educated before. In other side, Almamater is also expected to continously giving a warm greeting to those alumni since they are individuals who are expected to devote more and more their knowledge, experiences dan times for the development of Almamater. The atmosphere can be well established if both Almamater and Alumni is expected to be more open and please to one another.
FILOSOFI PENDIDIKAN KATOLIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT ARISTOTELIAN
Authors: Dewantara Agustinus Wisnu
Published: August 2019

The progress of human civilization today is inseparable from the role of science. The dynamics of the pattern of our daily lives from time to time it runs in line with the dynamics of the development of science. The development of science and human civilization running together since from classical times, the middle ages, modern times, and so on. Novelty found in a period becomes an essential ingredient for other discoveries in the next period. One thing that is difficult to argue is that almost all sides of human life today has been entered by the various effects of the development of science and technology, ranging from economic, political, social and cultural, communication, education, health, and so on. All this progress is the fruit of the development of science that never recede from human studies. This paper on the one hand want to observe the philosophical basis for the world of Catholic education, and on the other hand, this article seeks to contribute a little reflection, especially for teachers of religious education in STKIP Widya Yuwana and Catholic families today. There wilderness philosophy that is so tempting to dive, but the limitations of time and space makes this paper should choose to focus. Perspective selected is Aristotelian philosophy.
REMAJA DAN MASA DEPANNYA: SEBUAH UPAYA PASTORAL BAGI REMAJA
Authors: Wijaya Albert I Ketut Deni
Published: August 2019

Ketidakpastian tentang masa depannya menyebabkan remaja sering gelisah. Secara positifkegelisahan ini wajar karena remaja tidak memahami akan seperti apa masa depannya sehingga terdorong untuk menyiapkan diri sebaik mungkin. Namun apabila keadaan ini tidak disikapi secara tepat justru akan menyebabkan remaja putus asa dan jatuh terpuruk, bahkan teralienasi dari Gereja, lingkungan sekitar dan Tuhan. Gereja dipanggil untuk membantu remaja mempersiapkan masa depannya melalui pendampingan pastoral dengan tujuan memberi kemampuan dan kepercayaan diri pada remaja agar mampu mengatasi sendiri berbagai persoalan dan konflik yang dihadapi serta mempersiapkan masa depan remaja dan Gereja itu sendiri. Bentuk pendampingan yang paling riil adalah pendampingan melalui sakramen rekonsiliasi dan reksa pastoral remaja.
Phylogeny of the Genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae) and a Critical Review of its Generic Circumscription
Authors: Özüdoğru Barış , Özgişi Kurtuluş , Tarıkahya-Hacıoğlu Burcu , Ocak Atilla , Mummenhoff Klaus , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A.
Published: August 2019

Noccaea Moench is taxonomically one of the most problematic genera of the Brassicaceae. The radical revision of Thlaspi L. s.l. by Meyer in 1973 (Meyer, 1973) split it into 12 segregate genera, including Noccaea, but subsequent molecular studies suggested that this complex includes at least four unrelated genera (Thlaspi s. str., Mummenhoffia Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz, Noccidium F. K. Mey., and Noccaea). Although several taxonomic treatments have since been proposed to sort out the systematic problems of Noccaea, debates are still ongoing. Some authors have argued that all segregates of Thlaspi should be considered as independent but related genera, whereas others recognize them as synonyms of a large and polymorphic Noccaea. In this study, we present the first extensively sampled phylogenetic analysis of tribe Coluteocarpeae (Thlaspi segregates including Noccaea) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences from 92 of the ca. 130 species (70%) in the tribe (39 studied here for the first time) and plastidic trnL-F regions from 73 species (42 studied here for the first time), representing the full range of morphological variation and geographical distribution. All main clades are discussed in detail, and the taxonomic status of all Thlaspi s.l. segregates is evaluated against recent taxonomic treatments. In particular, the tribal placement of Noccidium is changed to Coluteocarpeae, and the genus Pseudosempervivum (Boiss.) Grossh. is reduced to synonymy of Noccaea. The new name N. mummenhoffiana Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and the new combinations N. aucheri (Boiss.) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz and N. sempervivum (Boiss. & Balansa) Özüdoğru & Al-Shehbaz are proposed.
GENDER DIFFERENCES WITH RESPECT TO NUTRITION STATUS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL INDICATORS
Authors: Kunješić Sušilović Mateja
Published: August 2019

Because of today's lifestyle, more and more children have problems with excessive body mass from the earliest age. The reasons for this are poor diet, but also insufficient physical activity. Historically, mostly girls had a slightly higher percentage of body fat and had a lower level of physical activity, but trends are changing. So, the aim of this research was to determine whether there is a gender difference in the indicators of nutrition status and the level of physical activity (PA) of primary education students. The survey was conducted on 107 students (59 girls and 48 boys) over period of four years. The measurement was carried out for 4 years in a row in February. To determine nutritional status of students, the body height, the body mass, the skin folds of the upper arm and the back were all measured. Body mass index was calculated as a ratio of body mass and the square of body height, while the percentage of body fat was calculated from the sum of skin folds on the back and upper arm. The circumference of the upper arm and the circumference of the forearm were also measured. The level of PA was tested by Fels survey questionnaire for children and adolescents. ANOVA for repeated measurements was performed to see if gender differences existed in nutrition status and body activity levels over a period of four years. Research has shown that there is no difference by gender in the level of physical activity, but there are some differences in indicators of nutritional status. More precisely, there is a significant gender difference in body height variable and it is seen that boys throughout the primary education are slightly higher than girls. In the variables of the body's volume, there was a significant gender difference in the circumference of the forearm, while in the upper arm there was no difference. During the first three grades, girls had a significantly higher percentage of body fat. However, in the fourth grade the percentage of body fat of the boys has increased so in the end, there was no gender difference. There were no significant gender differences in the physical activity variables. It can be concluded that at the time of primary education, sexual dimorphism is not as pronounced as in puberty. This is one of the reasons why a lot more research was conducted on adolescents.
THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN A CHILD’S PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kocev Mitko , Sazdova Julijana , Antonievski Dejan
Published: August 2019

The adequate nutrition in childhood has the main role in the physical, mental and emotional development of the child. Herein, the children are considered a prioritized part of the population that can be influenced by different intervention strategies (Deghan et al. 2005). It is of utmost importance to obtain the suitable nutrition to every child, and this is the main reason that causes most of the research on child nutrition to be conducted in the kindergartens. The analysis on the food intake and the type of food in the kindergarten can help us analyse the overall health of the children. Usually, in the process of food analysis we use various components such as the following: dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical testing. We have identified a few researches that have used the above mentioned components for assessment of the child’s nutrition that we mention in our paper as well.
USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Jovanovski Filip , Mitrovski Toni , Bezhovska Viktorija
Published: August 2019

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.
REMOVAL OF WATER POLLUTANTS BY APPLICATION OF NATURAL ADSORBENTS
Authors: Bezhovska Viktorija , Mustafa Erhan , Jakupi Shaban , Aliu Flakrim , Todorovska Nadica , Lisichkov Kiril
Published: August 2019

The availability of clean water is a challenge around the world. In recent decades, environmental pollution through the excessive discharge of organic and inorganic water in water contributes to large quantities of wastewater. These halts are a major threat to the surrounding ecosystem and human health if they are not treated before being discharged into the environment. Therefore, there is an increasing attraction for the development and improvement of more accessible methods for wastewater treatment.Today, the adsorption, as a method for purifying the waters from pollutants, is paid great attention because it represents a simple, efficient and economical method, which gives the opportunity to apply a large number of natural and synthetic adsorbents.In the group of natural adsorbents that are used to remove water from the water systems, there are more materials, such as: inorganic materials, activated carbon based on biomass, agricultural solid waste, biosorbents and microbial biomass.
ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA L. AND AMORPHA FRUTICOSA L. АS HEAVY METALS PHYTOREMEDIATION
Authors: Micić Tijana , Stanojević Damjan , Jevtić Petronija
Published: August 2019

A large amount of heavy metals leads to environmental pollution. Heavy metals are part of the land or may arise as a result of human products. Affecting the normal growth and development of plant systems and only to a certain limit concentrations of metals. Increasing these suitable and permitted a value to metals in the soil leads to changes in the composition and appearance of the environment in a negative direction. To eliminate or reduce elevated concentrations of heavy metals and their adverse effects on the environment, many researchers focus their attention on finding species that can act as scavengers soil and phytoremediations. There are a large number of plant species that are capable of survival on such surfaces, whether it comes to wild species or species that are on the site with the aim planted. The best known and the most common fitoremedijatori by woody species are Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and its most closely related to indigo ( Amorpha fruticosa L.). Its advanced adaptation and the possibility of survival in the soil rich with heavy metals, are plant species that are used in order to protect the environment from the adverse effects of heavy metals. These species have developed ability to adapt, and thereby can perform the accumulation of heavy metals from the soil. They absorb these metals or through the root system, through the tree to the leaves and flowers or leaves through the metal while returning the return direction. In this way, that is, the accumulation of metals that are present in concentrations higher than allowed for stay vegetation, stored and purified by environmental influences damaging of elements which are present in the air and in the soil.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RAW MILK IN KOSOVO
Authors: Uka Emine , Shala Nexhdet , Elshani Arsim
Published: August 2019

Since milk is one of the most consumable products of human consumption and in Kosovo, it is one of the most prosperous agriculture branches and the continued support to farmers from the Ministry of Agriculture, European Commission and USID, through which we will offer knowledge about the quality of this milk. Quality milk production is the ultimate goal and goal of any milk producer and processor. On the other hand, the low quality of milk has a negative impact on all segments of the dairy industry, especially in the fresh milk processing segment.Our work provides testing of raw milk samples taken by farmers who send milk to milk collection points and dairies in order to determine the quality of your milk. As a monitoring point we have received the Vita dairy and Aldi dairy in the period January 2017 - October 2018, and we have presented a comparison of their results.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FUNCTION OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Trajković Miodrag
Published: August 2019

Management, technology, information flow and organization are the basic direction in the development of modern economic organizations and society as a whole. Information technology is structured by several components, people, hardware-computers, software packages, databases and procedures, which collects, processes, archives and delivers information to users, decision manageers. Strategic management is a process that identifies the current and future state of a company and creates a way to overcome them (in a positive way) with available resources and external restrictions. The survival and development of a company is directly related to changes in the environment in the broadest sense of the word, but is also caused by this environment. The results are a proof of the level of organization in the functioning of all business activities, and hence the management, which takes place in the company in order to achieve a common goal. In our conditions, bad results are also the result of management that has not come up with the demands of time. Present changes today provide organizations the opportunity to build more efficient management in companies, which will be based on the rational use of all available resources, human, material and IT. Undoubtedly, the survival of a company increasingly depends on the ability of management to understand and manage change, as most authors emphasize that management is the cornerstone of organizational efficiency. The management structure (top management) must have an active attitude towards all the changes, especially in the process of transition, because the company is in constant motion and nothing should be considered static. The IT function is to ensure the collection, processing, archiving and delivery of timely information to management for making quality decisions in solving business problems. Strategic management basically has the development of management "tools" for top-management companies. It can be said that today's science and domains of its interdisciplinarity have given their contribution to the development and application of quantitative analysis in the decision-making process. The aim of the paper is to indicates to top managers the key business efficiency factors such as IT and strategic management, to provide them a conceptual framework in the formulation and implementation of effective business strategies in their organizations.