bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Diagnostic Algorithm Based on a Simple Clinical Prediction Rule for the Diagnosis of Cranial Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Czihal Michael , Lottspeich Christian , Bernau Christoph , Henke Teresa , Prearo Ilaria , Mackert Marc , Priglinger Siegfried , Dechant Claudia , Schulze-Koops Hendrik , Hoffmann Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Background: Risk stratification based on pre-test probability may improve the diagnostic accuracy of temporal artery high-resolution compression sonography (hrTCS) in the diagnostic workup of cranial giant cell arteritis (cGCA). Methods: A logistic regression model with candidate items was derived from a cohort of patients with suspected cGCA (n = 87). The diagnostic accuracy of the model was tested in the derivation cohort and in an independent validation cohort (n = 114) by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis. The clinical items were composed of a clinical prediction rule, integrated into a stepwise diagnostic algorithm together with C-reactive protein (CRP) values and hrTCS values. Results: The model consisted of four clinical variables (age > 70, headache, jaw claudication, and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy). The diagnostic accuracy of the model for discrimination of patients with and without a final clinical diagnosis of cGCA was excellent in both cohorts (area under the curve (AUC) 0.96 and AUC 0.92, respectively). The diagnostic algorithm improved the positive predictive value of hrCTS substantially. Within the algorithm, 32.8% of patients (derivation cohort) and 49.1% (validation cohort) would not have been tested by hrTCS. None of these patients had a final diagnosis of cGCA. Conclusion: A diagnostic algorithm based on a clinical prediction rule improves the diagnostic accuracy of hrTCS.
The Present Role and New Potentials of Anaerobic Fungi in Ruminant Nutrition
Authors: Hartinger Thomas , Zebeli Qendrim
Published: March 2021

The ruminal microbiota allows ruminants to utilize fibrous feeds and is in the limelight of ruminant nutrition research for many years. However, the overwhelming majority of investigations have focused on bacteria, whereas anaerobic fungi (AF) have been widely neglected by ruminant nutritionists. Anaerobic fungi are not only crucial fiber degraders but also important nutrient sources for the host. This review summarizes the current findings on AF and, most importantly, discusses their new application potentials in modern ruminant nutrition. Available data suggest AF can be applied as direct-fed microbials to enhance ruminal fiber degradation, which is indeed of interest for high-yielding dairy cows that often show depressed ruminal fibrolysis in response to high-grain feeding. Moreover, these microorganisms have relevance for the nutrient supply and reduction of methane emissions. However, to reach AF-related improvements in ruminal fiber breakdown and animal performance, obstacles in large-scale AF cultivation and applicable administration options need to be overcome. At feedstuff level, silage production may benefit from the application of fungal enzymes that cleave lignocellulosic structures and consequently enable higher energy exploitation from forages in the rumen. Concluding, AF hold several potentials in improving ruminant feeding and future research efforts are called for to harness these potentials.
Personalized Healthcare: The Importance of Patients’ Rights in Clinical Practice from the Perspective of Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kupcewicz Ewa , Grochans Elżbieta , Kadučáková Helena , Mikla Marzena , Bentkowska Aleksandra , Kupcewicz Adam , Andruszkiewicz Anna , Jóźwik Marcin
Published: March 2021

Background: This study aimed to define the role and importance of patients’ rights in personalized healthcare from the perspective of nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. Methods: The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey, using the survey technique, with the participation of 1002 nursing students attending a full-time undergraduate study program at three European countries. The “Patients’ rights” questionnaire was used as a research tool. The average age of students was 21.6 years (±3.4). The empirical material collected was subjected to a statistical analysis. Results: The study demonstrated that 72.1% of nursing students from Spain, 51.2% from Poland and 38.5% from Slovakia believe that patients’ rights are respected at a good level in their country. Significant intergroup differences (F = 67.43; p < 0.0001) were observed in the self-assessment of students’ knowledge of patients’ rights. The highest average values were obtained by students from Spain (3.54 ± 0.92), while 35.9% of students from Slovakia and 25.5% from Poland were quite critical and pointed to their low level of knowledge of patients’ rights in their self-assessment. When ranking patients’ rights related to respecting dignity, students from Spain obtained much higher average values (4.37 ± 0.92) than students from the other two countries. Conclusions: The level of students’ knowledge of patients’ rights and the respect for patients’ rights by medical personnel is, in the opinion of the respondents, quite diverse and requires in-depth educational activities among nursing students at the university level in respective countries.
Research on the Distribution and Scale Evolution of Suzhou Gardens under the Urbanization Process from the Tang to the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Lian Zefeng
Published: March 2021

Suzhou city was the cultural centre of ancient south China. It continues the urban pattern of more than 800 years ago. Suzhou gardens are the essence of Chinese gardening art, as well as the valuable world cultural heritage site. This paper compared the evolution in the distribution and scale of Suzhou gardens among five historical periods, and discussed the influence of urbanization on gardening. It revealed that: (1) The distribution of Suzhou gardens was affected by the layout and changes of the political centre and commercial centre of Suzhou city; (2) The scale of Suzhou gardens was mainly affected by the available land scale within the city and the wealth of its owner; (3) The cityscape of ‘half city occupied by gardens’ was largely resulted from the rapidly increasing number of small courtyard gardens in the Qing Dynasty; (4) The evolution of Suzhou gardens’ distribution and scale affected interior layouts. The evolution and social development of ancient cities can affect the distribution and scale of gardens. At the same time, the popularization of gardening art also optimizes the cityscape.
Evaluations of the Roles of Organizational Support, Organizational Norms and Organizational Learning for Adopting Environmentally Friendly Technologies: A Case of Kiwifruit Farmers’ Cooperatives of Meixian, China
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Sarkar Apurbo , Qian Lu
Published: March 2021

Environmentally friendly technologies have long been recognized as a widespread phenomenon working within the functions and performance of farms. Farmer’s cooperative organization might profoundly foster the environmentally friendly technologies (EFT) and availing competitive advantage to the farmer. Illustrated by the natural-resource-based view of the farm (NRBV), this study examined the influence of organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning on adopting EFT and proposed a model quantifying the impacts of these approaches towards availing competitive capabilities (i.e., cost, quality, flexibility, and delivery). The framework is empirically endorsed by employing the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of a household survey from a spectrum of 292 farmers of 38 kiwifruit cooperatives of Meixian County, China, from August to September 2020. The findings demonstrate that organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning positively influence EFT. Moreover, the study found EFT positively impacts product cost, product quality, product delivery, and production flexibility. Interestingly, the relationship between the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies and the competitive capabilities of kiwifruit farmers of Meixian is positively significant. The study proposes several policy recommendations emphasizing the role of organizations in the form of farmer’s cooperatives in boosting farmers to engage in proenvironmental behavior and, therefore, shifting the trends of future research directions on the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies.
Non-Albumin Proteinuria (NAP) as a Complementary Marker for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)
Authors: Bae Jaehyun , Won Young Jun , Lee Byung-Wan
Published: March 2021

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common forms of chronic kidney disease. Its pathogenic mechanism is complex, and it can affect entire structures of the kidney. However, conventional approaches to early stage DKD have focused on changes to the glomerulus. Current standard screening tools for DKD, albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate are insufficient to reflect early tubular injury. Therefore, many tubular biomarkers have been suggested. Non-albumin proteinuria (NAP) contains a wide range of tubular biomarkers and is convenient to measure. We reviewed the clinical meanings of NAP and its significance as a marker for early stage DKD.
Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design under Uncertainties Using Fuzzy Decision Making
Authors: Hu Zhengyang , Parwani Viren , Hu Guiping
Published: March 2021

The importance of considering forward and backward flows simultaneously in supply chain networks spurs an interest to develop closed-loop supply chain networks (CLSCN). Due to the expanded scope in the supply chain, designing CLSCN often faces significant uncertainties. This paper proposes a fuzzy multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model to deal with uncertain parameters in CLSCN. The two objective functions are minimization of overall system costs and minimization of negative environmental impact. Negative environmental impacts are measured and quantified through CO2 equivalent emission. Uncertainties include demand, return, scrap rate, manufacturing cost and negative environmental factors. The original formulation with uncertain parameters is firstly converted into a crisp model and then an aggregation function is applied to combine the objective functions. Numerical experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model formulation and solution approach. Sensitivity analyses on degree of feasibility, the weighing of objective functions and coefficient of compensation have been conducted. This model can be applied to a variety of real-world situations, such as in the manufacturing production processes.
Finite Element Analysis of Laminar Heat Transfer within an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine
Authors: Willems Robin , Friedrich Léo A. J. , Verhoosel Clemens V.
Published: March 2021

Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machines have gained popularity over the past few years due to their compact design. Their application can be found, for example, in the automotive and medical sectors. For typically considered materials, excessive heat can be generated, causing possible irreversible damage to the magnets, bonding, or other structural parts. In order to optimize cooling, knowledge of the flow and the consequent temperature distribution is required. This paper discusses the flow types and heat transfer present inside a typical AFPM machine. An Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) laminar-energy model is developed using the Nutils open-source Python package. The developed analysis tool is used to study the effects of various important design parameters, such as the air-inlet, the gap-length, and the rotation speed on the heat transfer in an AFPM machine. It is observed that the convective heat transfer at the stator core is negatively affected by adding an air-inlet. However, the heat dissipation of the entire stator improves as convective heat transfer occurs within the air-inlet.
A Predictive Risk Score to Diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency in Outpatients: A 7 Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Manosroi Worapaka , Pipanmekaporn Tanyong , Khorana Jiraporn , Atthakomol Pichitchai , Phimphilai Mattabhorn
Published: March 2021

Background: The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) requires dynamic tests which may not be available in some institutions. This study aimed to develop a predictive risk score to help diagnose AI in outpatients with indeterminate serum cortisol levels. Methods: Five hundred and seven patients with intermediate serum cortisol levels (3–17.9 µg/dL) who had undergone ACTH (adrenocorticotropin) stimulation tests were included in the study. A predictive risk score was created using significant predictive factors identified by multivariable analysis using Poisson regression clustered by ACTH dose. Results: The seven predictive factors used in the development of a predictive model with their assigned scores are as follows: chronic kidney disease (9.0), Cushingoid appearance in exogenous steroid use (12.0), nausea and/or vomiting (6.0), fatigue (2.0), basal cortisol <9 µg/dL (12.5), cholesterol <150 mg/dL (2.5) and sodium <135 mEq/L (1.0). Predictive risk scores range from 0–50.0. A high risk level (scores of 19.5–50.0) indicates a higher possibility of having AI (positive likelihood ratio (LR+) = 11.75), while a low risk level (scores of <19.0) indicates a lower chance of having AI (LR+ = 0.09). The predictive performance of the scoring system was 0.82 based on the area under the curve. Conclusions: This predictive risk score can help to determine the probability of AI and can be used as a guide to determine which patients need treatment for AI and which require dynamic tests to confirm AI.
Confirmation of Siderazot, Fe3N1.33, the Only Terrestrial Nitride Mineral
Authors: Bette Sebastian , Theye Thomas , Bernhardt Heinz-Jürgen , Clark William P. , Niewa Rainer
Published: March 2021

Siderazot, the only terrestrial nitride mineral, was reported only once in 1876 to occur as coating on volcanic rocks in a fumarolic environment from Mt. Etna and, to date, has been neither confirmed nor structurally characterized. We have studied the holotype sample from the Natural History Museum, London, UK, originally collected by O. Silvestri in 1874, and present siderazot with ε-Fe3N-type crystal structure and composition of Fe3N1.33(7) according to crystal structure Rietveld refinements, in good agreement with electron microprobe analyses. Crystal structure data, chemical composition, and Raman and reflectance measurements are reported. Possible formation conditions are derived from composition and phase stability data according to synthetic samples.
Supercritical CO2 Assisted Solvothermal Preparation of CoO/Graphene Nanocomposites for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Ruoxin , Wen Hao , Zeng Li , Li Xi , Liu Xingang , Zhang Chuhong
Published: March 2021

Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is often used to prepare graphene/metal oxide nanocomposite anodes for high performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the assisted solvothermal method due to its low viscosity, high diffusion, zero surface tension and good surface wettability. However, the formation mechanism of metal oxides and the combination mechanism between metal oxides and graphene in this system are superficial. In this work, a cobalt monoxide/graphene (CoO/G) nanocomposite is fabricated via the scCO2 assisted solvothermal method followed by thermal treatment. We elucidate the mechanism that amorphous intermediates obtain by the scCO2 assisted solvothermal method, and then ultrafine CoO nanoparticles are crystallized during the heat treatment. In addition, scCO2 can promote CoO to be tightly fixed on the surface of graphene nanosheets by interfacial chemical bonds, which can effectively improve its cycle stability and rate performance. As expected, the CoO/G composites exhibit higher specific capacity (961 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), excellent cyclic stability and rate capability (617 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g−1) when applied as an anode of LIB.
Bartonella henselae Antibodies in Serum and Oral Fluid Specimens from Cats
Authors: Álvarez-Fernández Alejandra , Baxarias Marta , Prandi David , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Solano-Gallego Laia
Published: March 2021

Cats are the primary reservoir host for Bartonella henselae(B. henselae), an etiological agent of human bartonellosis, including cat scratch disease. Although Bartonella DNA has been amplified from salivary swabs from cats, dogs and humans, we are not aware of studies investigating Bartonella antibodies in oral fluid (OF). Using inhouse and commercial immunofluorescence antibody assays (IFA), the objective of this study was to detect and compare antibodies against B. henselae in paired OF and serum specimens from cats. Specimens were collected from shelter and client-owned cats. For serum specimens, B. henselae seroreactivity was 78% for both the inhouse and commercial IFA assays and 56.8% for OF specimens. Comparing serum and OF specimens, there was moderate Kappa agreement (Cohen’s k = 0.434) for detection of B. henselae antibodies. Oral fluid antibodies were more likely measurable in cats with high B. henselae serum antibody titers when compared with low antibody titers. In conclusion, B. henselae OF IFA antibody measurements were less sensitive compared to serum IFA measurements of ≥1:64. Oral fluid antibodies were detected more often in cats with high B. henselae serum antibody titers. Therefore, OF antibodies, detectable by IFA, is of limited utility for epidemiological or diagnostic testing in cats.
Tumor Activated Cell Penetrating Peptides to Selectively Deliver Immune Modulatory Drugs
Authors: Hingorani Dina V. , Camargo Maria F. , Quraishi Maryam A. , Adams Stephen R. , Advani Sunil J.
Published: March 2021

Recent advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer therapy. Immunotherapies can engage the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Therapeutics targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., CTLA-4; PD-1, and PD-L1) have shown efficacy for subsets of cancer patients by unleashing an adaptive antitumor immune response. Alternatively, small molecule immune modulators of the innate immune system such as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are being developed for cancer therapy. TLRs function as pattern recognition receptors to microbial products and are also involved in carcinogenesis. Reisquimod is a TLR 7/8 agonist that has antitumor efficacy. However, systemic delivery free resiquimod has proven to be challenging due to toxicity of nonspecific TLR 7/8 activation. Therefore, we developed a targeted peptide-drug conjugate strategy for systemic delivery of resiquimod. We designed an activatable cell penetrating peptide to deliver resiquimod specifically to the tumor tissue while avoiding normal tissues. The activatable cell penetrating peptide (ACPP) scaffold undergoes enzymatic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 in the extracellular matrix followed by intracellular lysosomal cathepsin B mediated release of the free resiquimod. Importantly, when conjugated to ACPP; the tumor tissue concentration of resiquimod was more than 1000-fold greater than that of surrounding non-cancerous tissue. Moreover, systemic ACPP-resiquimod delivery produced comparable therapeutic efficacy to localized free resiquimod in syngeneic murine tumors. These results highlight a precision peptide-drug conjugate delivery.
Assessing the Effect of CeO2 Nanoparticles as Corrosion Inhibitor in Hybrid Biobased Waterborne Acrylic Direct to Metal Coating Binders
Authors: González Edurne , Stuhr Robin , Vega Jesús Manuel , García-Lecina Eva , Grande Hans-Jürgen , Leiza Jose Ramon , Paulis María
Published: March 2021

CeO2 nanoparticles were incorporated in waterborne binders containing high biobased content (up to 70%) in order to analyze the anticorrosion performance for direct to metal coatings. Biobased binders were synthesized by batch miniemulsion polymerization of 2-octyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate monomers using a phosphate polymerizable surfactant (Sipomer PAM200) that lead to the formation of phosphate functionalized latexes. Upon the direct application of such binders on steel, the functionalized polymer particles were able to interact with steel, creating a thin phosphatization layer between the metal and the polymer and avoiding flash rust. The in situ incorporation of the CeO2 nanoparticles during the polymerization process led to their homogeneous distribution in the final polymer film, which produced outstanding anticorrosion performance according to the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements. In fact, steel substrates coated with the hybrid polymer film (30–40 µm thick) showed high barrier corrosion resistance after 41 days (~1000 h) of immersion in NaCl water solution and active inhibition capabilities thanks to the presence of the CeO2 nanoparticles. This work opens the door to the fabrication of sustainable hybrid anticorrosion waterborne coatings.
Anti-Adhesive Effect of Porous Polylactide Film in Rats
Authors: Chung Kyu Jin , Kim Youn Jung , Kim Tae Gon , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Yong-Ha
Published: March 2021

Excessive adhesion between tissues on a significant area can cause the development of disorders, cosmetic problems, and ileus. Methods for preventing adhesion include the use of drugs and anti-adhesion barriers for physical blocking. In this study, the adhesion prevention effect of polylactide film in porous form was analyzed. A porous polylactide film was manufactured using a molecular weight of at least 100,000. To generate porosity, 98% methylene chloride and 95% ethyl alcohol were used as solvents. The thickness, surface, and internal pore shape of film were investigated. The crystal structures and melting temperature of film were measured. In the rat model, the presence and severity of adhesion were then analyzed. The thickness of the film ranged from 10 to 20 µm. The surface of the film contained pores with diameters of less than 10 µm. Partial crystallinity appeared from 15° to 20°, but the structure was amorphous overall. In the rat cecum abrasion model, adhesion occurred in 3 of the 13 rats in the polylactide experimental group, representing a 23.1% incidence rate. There were statistically significant differences in the severity of adhesion. The use of porous polylactide films can reduce the incidence of adhesion.
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Study of Different Carbon Materials as Cobalt Catalyst Support
Authors: Luo Mingsheng , Li Shuo , Di Zuoxing , Li He , Liu Qinglong , Lü Baozhong , Wang Aimei , Shi Buchang , Khan Iltaf
Published: March 2021

In this work, cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst supported on various carbon materials, i.e., carbon nanotube (CNT), activated carbon (AC), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanofiber (CNF), were prepared via impregnation method. Based on TGA, nitrogen physisorption, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, ICP, SEM, and TEM characterization, it is confirmed that Co3O4 particles are dispersed uniformly on the supports of carbon nanotube, activated carbon and carbon nanofiber. Furthermore, the FT catalyst performance for as-prepared catalysts was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor under the condition of H2:CO = 2:1, 5 SL·h−1·g−1, 2.5 MPa, and 210 °C. Interestingly, the defined three types of carbon materials exhibit superior performance and dispersion compared with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. The thermal stability and pore structure of the five carbon materials vary markedly, and H2-TPR result shows that the metal–support interaction is in the order of Co/GO > Co/CNT > Co/AC > Co/CNF > Co/rGO. In brief, the carbon nanofiber-supported cobalt catalyst showed the best dispersion, the highest CO conversion, and the lowest gas product but the highest heavy hydrocarbons (C5+) selectivity, which can be attributed to the intrinsic property of CNF material that can affect the catalytic performance in a complicated way. This work will open up a new gateway for cobalt support catalysts on various carbon-based materials for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis.
The Emergence, Persistence, and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Environmental Hajj Settings and Implications for Public Health
Authors: Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Memish Ziad A.
Published: March 2021

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing the loss of what was once considered the miracle cure. The transmission of antimicrobial resistance during mass gathering is a potential threat in addition to other infectious diseases. Here, we review the English language literature on the rate and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance during the Hajj. There is a variable incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteriaceae. There had been no report of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance coupled with public health measures are needed to decrease the rate of emergence of resistance.
Case study: Separating source contributions of vehicle interior noise by operational transfer path analysis
Authors: Lu Ming-Hung , Jen Ming Une , de Klerk Dennis
Published: March 2021

The perception of vehicle interior noise is a key quality index to customers and automakers alike. By tracing noise back to key noise sources and paths, one can focus their refinement efforts. Aiming at the most efficient way to identify the primary noise sources in a vehicle cabin,
this article establishes a framework of operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) for separating contributions of noise sources by operational measurements only. OTPA model design, measuring essentials and synthesis method used for separating vehicle interior noise contributions from the powertrain,
tires andwindwere described in detail. To comprehend the implementation of OTPA on noise source separation, this article also addresses an exemplification study on an electric vehicle. In the case study illustrated, both spectral map and order extractions were used to validate if the OTPA
synthesized results of the powertrain noise contribution agreed with the measured results. Tire noise contribution was validated using the tires driven by the dynamometer along with all other systems switched off. With well-validated OTPA model for the powertrain and tires, further individual
path breakdown of the powertrain and tire noise then was investigated to identify key contributors to the interior noise. After clearly separating interior noise contributions, one therefore could design effective countermeasures to mitigate the dominant noise sources. With appropriate scheme
of measurement and synthesis, the OTPA technique could therefore effectively serve target setting and refinement focus at foremost noise contributors.
PERBEDAAN JUMLAH KOLONI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PADA BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI PERASAN BUAH BELIMBING WULUH SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Sudarmanto Igede
Published: March 2021

Abstract :

Plants bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) has been utilized by the public as a traditional medicinal plants to cure various diseases. The content of natural chemicals from bilimbi fruits are known to have an antibacterial effect, namely, flavonoids and phenols. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a gram-positive bacteria resistant to antibiotics semisintesis. This research aims to identify the differences in the number of colonies of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at some concentrations of bilimbi fruit filtrate in vitro. The design of the research is a post test only control group design. Measurement of the activity of bacteria using a colony counter with dilution method. The average number of colonies of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that grow at a concentration of bilimbi fruit filtrate 10% as much as 59.33 x 108 CFU / ml; at a concentration of 20% as much as 1.33 x 108 CFU / ml; at a concentration of 30%, 40% and 50% contained no bacterial colonies growing. At a concentration of 10 % is able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, while at a concentration of 30 % has been able to kill the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. There is a difference in the number of bacterial colonies of Staphylococcus aureus in some bilimbi fruit filtrate concentration (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) in vitro (p = 0.000
Developing a Comprehensive Leadership Program for Extension County Directors
Authors: Berven Brandi , Penn Allisen , Cluck Janet , Hastings Shirley
Published: March 2021

This article provides an overview of the development and components of LEAD95, University of Tennessee (UT) Extension’s comprehensive leadership program for county-level leaders. The program was designed in accordance with results from a Delphi study, which identified critical skills and resources new county directors need to be successful. The program consists of face-to-face workshops, an online resource tool kit, online learning opportunities, a multirater assessment, and mentoring. Expected outcomes include increased competency, increased job satisfaction, and more consistent leadership and direction among county-level leaders in the UT Extension system.
Young Cattle Producer Conference Develops Leaders in Idaho
Authors: Willmore Carmen , Small Meranda , Baker Sarah , Church Jim
Published: March 2021

The need for young leadership in the beef industry has become a rising concern as the average age of primary operators increases. Idaho Extension educators developed a leadership conference for beef producers, with the primary objective being to educate and develop leadership qualities in young cattle producers. Participants, aged 18–40 years old, have opportunities to learn all aspects of the industry through presentations, hands-on learning, and industry tours. A postconference survey revealed that participants had a better understanding of the beef industry at the conclusion of the program and planned to use what they learned. Extension professionals elsewhere can use our description of the program to build similar programs in their states.
Anomalous Thermopower and High
ZT
in GeMnTe
2
Driven by Spin’s Thermodynamic Entropy
Authors: Duan Sichen , Yin Yinong , Liu Guo-Qiang , Man Na , Cai Jianfeng , Tan Xiaojian , Guo Kai , Yang Xinxin , Jiang Jun
Published: March 2021

Na

x

CoO
2
was known 20 years ago as a unique example in which spin entropy dominates the thermoelectric behavior. Hitherto, however, little has been learned about how to manipulate the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics. Here, we report the enhanced thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe
2
by controlling the spin’s thermodynamic entropy. The anomalously large thermopower of GeMnTe
2
is demonstrated to originate from the disordering of spin orientation under finite temperature. Based on the careful analysis of Heisenberg model, it is indicated that the spin-system entropy can be tuned by modifying the hybridization between Te-

p

and Mn-

d

orbitals. As a consequent strategy, Se doping enlarges the thermopower effectively, while neither carrier concentration nor band gap is affected. The measurement of magnetic susceptibility provides a solid evidence for the inherent relationship between the spin’s thermodynamic entropy and thermopower. By further introducing Bi doing, the maximum
ZT
in Ge
0.94
Bi
0.06
MnTe
1.94
Se
0.06
reaches 1.4 at 840 K, which is 45% higher than the previous report of Bi-doped GeMnTe
2
. This work reveals the high thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe
2
and also provides an insightful understanding of the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics.
Penderitaan, Dosa, dan Pekerjaan-Pekerjaan Allah: Eksegesis Injil Yohanes 9:2-4
Authors: Sanda Hendrik Yufengkri
Published: March 2021

Consequences of the sinful acts, but there are also those who understand it as part of God's plan to reveal His work. The dualism of this opinion appears in the narrative in the Gospel of John 9: 1-7. The disciples gave such cynical questions about the suffering that has been experienced by the blind man as a consequence of the sin that was committed, but the Lord Jesus actually denied that through that suffering, the work of God should be made manifest in him. Which is right? What is the purpose of Jesus' argument? Why does he think so? Answering these questions, the researcher will use an exegetical approach to the text of the Gospel of John 9:2-4. This method is very important to research the purpose of Jesus' statement to the disciples' questions about the suffering of the blind man. This research finds the meaning of Jesus' argue which emphasizes how are the correct understanding and a real action towards the suffering of others.
Penderitaan yang dialami seseorang sering dikaitkan dengan konsekuensi dari perbuatan dosa namun ada juga yang memahaminya sebagai bagian dari rencana Allah untuk menyatakan karya-Nya. Dualisme pandangan ini tampak dalam narasi di dalam Injil Yohanes 9:1-7. Para murid memberikan pertanyaan yang begitu sinis mengenai penderitaan yang dialami orang buta merupakan akibat dari dosa yang telah dilakukan, tetapi Tuhan Yesus justru menyanggah bahwa melalui penderitaan itu, karya Allah akan dinyatakan di dalamnya. Manakah yang benar? Apakah maksud argumen Yesus itu? Mengapa Ia berpendapat demikian? Menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut, peneliti akan menggunakan pendekatan eksegetikal pada teks Injil Yohanes 9:2-4. Metode ini sangat penting untuk meneliti maksud pernyataan Yesus terhadap pertanyaan para murid mengenai penderitaan orang yang buta tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan makna pendapat Yesus yang menekankan bagaimana pemahaman yang benar dan sikap yang nyata terhadap penderitaan yang dialami oleh orang lain.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Wetting Behavior: Contact Angle Dependency on Water Potential Models
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Dwi Oka Kurniawan Irsandi , Indahyanti Ellya , Putra Pradana Irwansyah
Published: March 2021

The underlying principle of surface wettability has obtained great attentions for the development of novel functional surfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations has been widely utilized to obtain molecular-level details of surface wettability that is commonly quantified in term of contact angle of a liquid droplet on the surface. In this work, the sensitivity of contact angle calculation at various degrees of surface hydrophilicity to the adopted potential models of water: SPC/E, TIP4P, and TIP5P, is investigated. The simulation cell consists of a water droplet on a structureless surface whose hydrophilicity is modified by introducing a scaling factor to the water-surface interaction parameter. The simulation shows that the differences in contact angle described by the potential models are systematic and become more visible with the increase of the surface hydrophilicity. An alternative method to compute a contact angle based on the height of center-of-mass of the droplet is also evaluated, and the resulting contact angles are generally larger than those determined from the liquid-gas interfacial line.
The Russian Arctic: potential for innovative development
Authors: GOVOROVA Natalia Viktorovna
Published: March 2021

The conditions, results and opportunities for the development of advanced high-tech economy in the Arctic regions of Russia are considered. The most sensitive aspects, as well as positive trends in the development are outlined.
Leading through COVID-19: The impact of pandemic stress and what leaders can do about it
Authors: Fernandez Katya , Clerkin Cathleen
Published: March 2021

The results of this study demonstrate that COVID-related stress affects multiple areas of functioning, from work variables like burnout and job satisfaction to general wellbeing. They also demonstrate that there is hope. More specifically, there is indication that engaging in resilience practices, gratitude practices, and developing one’s ability to tolerate ambiguity can all help ameliorate the deleterious effects of COVID-related stress.
INQUÉRITO DE CONHECIMENTO, ATITUDE E PRÁTICA: O AUTOCUIDADO E CONDUTAS DE PACIENTES EM TRATAMENTO PARA TUBERCULOSE
Authors: Caroline Cavalcante de Menezes Ana , Mendes e Silva Valdízia , Lins de Oliveira Jéssica , Laura de Sousa Moraes Mona , Maria Ribeiro Monteiro de Figueiredo Tânia
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO: conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos doentes em tratamento de tuberculose, bem como, seu conhecimento, atitude e prática frente à doença, avaliando aspectos como autocuidado e conduta. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal descritivo e quantitativo realizado através de um inquérito de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática, no município de Campina Grande-PB. A população foi composta pelos pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose entre setembro de 2017 a março de 2018. Os dados secundários foram obtidos por meio do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação disponibilizado pela Secretaria de Saúde do município de Campina Grande-PB. Os dados primários foram coletados por formulário e sua análise compreendeu os valores de distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas, médias aritméticas e obtenção de indicadores epidemiológicos. Quanto aos conceitos de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática, utilizou-se o referencial teórico-metodológico de Marinho et al. RESULTADOS: predominância do sexo masculino, faixa etária economicamente ativa, etnia/cor parda, nível de escolaridade relativamente baixo, 34,5% estavam desempregados e 31% exerciam trabalho informal. A forma clínica da tuberculose predominante foi pulmonar com pelo menos um agravo associado em que 34,5% obteve acompanhamento por Tratamento Diretamente Observado. Em Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática, os pacientes obtiveram níveis parecidos de adequação das respostas, sendo respectivamente, 66,3%, 66,2% e 70,4%. CONCLUSÃO: foi possível identificar o perfil clínico- epidemiológico e sociodemográfico dos doentes em tratamento para tuberculose, bem como analisar os aspectos relacionados ao Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática frente à doença, contribuindo com a literatura científica e possibilita a criação, implementação e aperfeiçoamento de políticas públicas de saúde.

Palavras chave: Tuberculose. Pesquisas CAP. Saúde Pública.
Assessment of Morbidity of Contract Military Personnel in Dagestan
Authors: Rakhmanov RS , Bogomolova ES , Razgulin SA , Bakhmudov GG , Alikberov MKh , Potekhina NN , Shurkin DA
Published: March 2021

Background: Dental diseases and their sequelae promote comorbidity and polymorbidity. The objective of the study was to analyze the overall incidence including diseases of the oral cavity among contract military personnel. Materials: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the overall 5-year morbidity by ICD-10 categories among contract soldiers serving in Dagestan for 2012–2016. We estimated the incidence rate per 1,000 people by disease categories and subcategories (C00–C14, K01–K04 and K05–K14), the structure of morbidity, worktime losses due to sickness absence, and rates of diseases of the digestive system by subcategories K01-K04 and K05-K14. Results: With account for the diseases of the oral cavity, the proportion of leading diseases (diseases of the digestive system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue) among the contact soldiers was 41.1 % and differed from the morbidity structure in the general population. The incidence rate of diseases of the digestive system was 1.6 times higher than that of diseases of the respiratory system, which was equal to that in the K01–K04 subcategory. In the category of diseases of the digestive system, the proportion of caries, its complications and other diseases of hard tissues of teeth reached 62.8 % and that of other diseases of the oral cavity – 17.4 %. As for worktime losses, the share of this category reached 8.1 %, of subcategories K01–K04 and K05–K14 – 0.7 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Having excluded the latter subcategories from the analysis, we found that the proportion of diseases of the digestive system became 4.3 times lower and they dropped to the sixth place. Conclusion: The proportion of diseases of the digestive system, when including and excluding diseases of the oral cavity in the structure of general morbidity, was 18.7 % and 4.7 %, respectively, while diseases of the respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and circulatory system prevailed. It can be assumed that the problem of dental caries is interdisciplinary and its prevention is a common task of both dentists and hygienists.
Risk and Change Order Impact Analysis of Costs in Tamansari Iswara Bekasi Project
Authors: Sunandar Ali , Aszhari Kuncoro Bili
Published: March 2021

In every construction project, there is always a change or what is commonly called a change order (CO). CO greatly affects the effectiveness of project work where its sustainability depends on three interrelated components namely quality, time and cost. The purpose of this study is to determine the causes, risks, impact of CO and risk management on costs. This research was conducted in the Bekasi area at the Tamansari Iswara project. This study uses descriptive analysis methods and direct interviews with the experts concerned by distributing questionnaires to 85 respondents and producing data for analysis. With the help of statistical analysis software that is SPSS researchers use several tests such as validity test, reliability test, descriptive analysis test, regression analysis, and risk analysis to determine the dominant variables and risk management. From the results of the analysis conducted there are 6 dominant variables namely X18, X19, X15, X28, X21, X9, X25, and the highest risk is found in variables X1 and X21.
A Correlation between Complication in Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression: Literature Review
Authors: Desy Meldawati
Published: March 2021

Postpartum depression is a depression syndrome that occurs in mothers after childbirth and can be prevented and cured. According to Fazraningtyas, in South Kalimantan, to be precise in the city of Banjarmasin, namely Ulin General Hospital of Banjarmasin and Dr. H.M. Ansari Saleh General Hospital of Banjarmasin showed 56.8% mild postpartum depression, 26.1% moderate postpartum depression, 17.0% severe postpartum depression. The impact of mothers experiencing postpartum depression is that mothers have difficulty interacting and can endanger their children. Postpartum depression is caused by several factors, the factors that contributed are complications in pregnancy. This study used a literature review approach. The articles obtained from Google Scholar, Biomed Central, and Pubmed. The criterias applied be restricted. As many as 10 journals are found. Based on the previous study, complications in pregnancy are the cause of postpartum depression. Complications that are often experienced by pregnant women are maternal anemia that can appear during the pregnancy process until the birth process occurs and 30-70% of pregnant women with maternal anemia have a risk of postpartum depression. Second, gestational diabetes is one of the complications of pregnancy that occurs in women who are pregnant. Pregnant women can increase hormones including the progesterone hormone, human placental lactogen estrogen, and cortisol. The last, a history of depression is a cause of postpartum depression because if pregnant women have a history of depression before pregnancy, they will have a higher risk of experiencing postpartum depression.
Options for Post-Election Conflict Resolution in Africa
Authors: Sixpence Pedzisai , Chilunjika Alouis , Sakarombe Emmanuel
Published: March 2021

Elections in most emerging democracies are generally characterised by irregularities which in turn fuel violent and non-violent expressions of displeasure before, during and after the voting excise. This paper discusses options for post-election conflict resolution with focus on African experiences since 2000. The paper holds that political and nonpolitical, local and international actors, play a dire role in ensuring that election-related insecurities are at least pacified. The paper assessed the constitutional, political and diplomatic alternatives to post- election conflict resolution. The paper goes further to examine the challenges that faced by African states in their exertion to deal with post-election conflicts. The study provides recommendations to inform the successes of the he post-election conflict resolutions in Africa. This paper establishes that most African states have lucrative legal frameworks on conducting elections and dealing with post-election unfortunate eventualities, the most compromise comes from, however, lack of political will and respect for the municipal ad international regulations. Furthermore, the paper realises that the continent, in some cases, lacks capacity and effectiveness on policy implementation to enforce electoral outcome or court rulings.
THE STUDY ON PRECIPITATING FACTORS OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN
CIRRHOTIC PATIENT IN WEST BENGAL
Authors: Dey Partha Pratim , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent complication and one of the most debilitating manifestations of liver diseases, severely
affecting the lives of patients.
Aims and objective:
i. To study the precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy.
ii. To observe the clinical manifestation at the time of presentation of hepatic encephalopathy.
iii. To observe the seasonal variation of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patient.
Materials and method: General Medicine, Murshidabad Medical college and R. G. Kar Medical college in West Bengal. All adult cirrhotic
Patients admitted with encephalopathy in the medicine ward within the study period. One year starting from 1st Nov 2019 to 31st October 2020.
Conclusion: This study found that most common precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy in our patients are infection, constipation
electrolyte imbalance and Variceal Haemorrhage bleeding. These are potentially preventable and reversible.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ULTRASOUND IN CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED CAUSES OF
VAGINAL BLEEDING IN FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY
Authors: Shankhwar Amit , Tripathi Prem Siddharth , Atram Saurabh , Kujur Pankaj , Nigam Prakhar , Sarkar Ark
Published: March 2021

Background: Nearly one-fourth (20-25%) of all pregnant women present with history of vaginal bleeding during the rst trimester (1). Ultrasound
imaging plays an important role in determining the causes of vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate
the signicance of ultrasound in clinically diagnosed causes of vaginal bleeding in rst trimester pregnancy. Methods: 100 women with vaginal
bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy with clinical diagnosis were evaluated by ultrasonography [USG] and interpretation was compared.
Results: Among these 100 cases, threatened abortion was the commonest cause of bleeding (30%) followed by incomplete abortion. Disparity was
found between clinical diagnosis of rst trimester vaginal bleed and ultrasound diagnosis. Ultrasound is highly sensitive and specic in diagnosing
all causes of rst trimester vaginal bleed including ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: With good diagnostic performance, USG proves to be an
important imaging modality in determining the causes of vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy and thus provides an aid for clinicians
in better management of patients.