bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new instrument for time-resolved measurement of HO2 radicals
Authors: Speak Thomas H. , Blitz Mark A. , Stone Daniel , Seakins Paul W.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. OH and HO2 radicals are closely coupled in the
atmospheric oxidation and combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Simultaneous measurement of HO2 yields and OH kinetics can provide the ability to assign site-specific rate coefficients that are important for understanding the oxidation mechanisms of VOCs. By coupling a fluorescence
assay by gaseous expansion (FAGE) laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection system for OH and HO2 with a high-pressure laser flash
photolysis system, it is possible to accurately measure OH pseudo-1st-order loss processes up to ∼100 000 s−1 and to determine
HO2 yields via time-resolved measurements. This time resolution allows discrimination between primary HO2 from the target reaction and secondary production from side reactions. The apparatus was characterized by measuring yields from the reactions of OH with H2O2 (1:1 link between OH and HO2), with C2H4∕O2 (where secondary chemistry can generate HO2), with C2H6∕O2 (where there should be zero HO2 yield), and with CH3OH∕O2 (where there is a well-defined HO2 yield). As an application of the new instrument, the reaction of OH with n-butanol has been studied at 293 and 616 K. The bimolecular rate coefficient at 293 K, (9.24±0.21)×10-12 cm3 molec.−1 s−1, is in good agreement with recent literature, verifying that this instrument can measure accurate OH kinetics. At 616 K the regeneration of OH in the absence of O2, from the decomposition of the β-hydroxy radical, was observed, which allowed the determination of the fraction of OH reacting at the β site (0.23±0.04). Direct observation of the HO2 product in the presence of oxygen has allowed the assignment of the α-branching fractions (0.57±0.06) at 293 K and (0.54±0.04) at 616 K, again in good agreement with recent literature; branching ratios are key to modelling the ignition delay times of this potential “drop-in” biofuel.
Real time automatic cloud detection using a low-cost sky camera
Authors: Alonso-Montesinos Joaquín
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Characterizing the atmosphere is one of the most complex studies to undertake due to the non-linearity and phenomenological variability. Clouds are also amongst the most variable of the atmospheric constituents, changing their size and shape over a short period of time. There are several sectors in which the study of cloudiness is of vital importance. In the renewable field, the increasing development of solar technology and the emerging trend for constructing and operating solar plants across the earth's surface requires very precise control systems that provide optimal energy production management. Likewise, airports are hubs where cloud coverage is required to provide high-precision periodic observations that inform airport operators about the state of the atmosphere. This work presents an autonomous cloud detection system, in real time, based on the digital image processing of a low-cost sky camera. The system's overall success rate is approximately 94% for all types of sky conditions.
Inter-Calibration of nine UV sensing instruments over Antarctica and Greenland since 1980
Authors: Weaver Clark , Bhartia Pawan K. , Wu Dong L. , Labow Gordon , Haffner David
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Nadir viewed intensities (radiances) from nine UV sensing satellite instruments are calibrated over the East Antarctic Plateau and Greenland during summer. The calibrated radiances from these UV instruments ultimately will provide a global long-term record of cloud trends and cloud response from ENSO events since 1980. We first remove the strong solar zenith angle dependence from the intensities using an empirical approach rather than a radiative transfer model. Then small multiplicative adjustments are made to these solar zenith angle normalized intensities in order to minimize differences when two or more instruments temporally overlap. While the calibrated intensities show negligible long-term trend over Antarctica, and a statistically insignificant UV albedo trend of −0.05 % per decade over the interior of Greenland, there are small episodic reductions in intensities which are often seen by multiple instruments. Three of these darkening events are explained by boreal forest fires using trajectory modeling analysis. Other events are caused by surface melting or volcanoes. We estimate a 2-sigma uncertainty of 0.35 % for the calibrated radiances.
Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: first results from the LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales) regional climate model intercomparison
Authors: Davin Edouard L. , Rechid Diana , Breil Marcus , Cardoso Rita M. , Coppola Erika , Hoffmann Peter , Jach Lisa L. , Katragkou Eleni , de Noblet-Ducoudré Nathalie , Radtke Kai , Raffa Mario , Soares Pedro M. M. , Sofiadis Giannis , Strada Susanna , Strandberg Gustav , Tölle Merja H. , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot
Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the
integration of land use change (LUC) in regional climate models (RCMs) and
to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate
in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the
biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe: two
idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a
maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and
temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We
find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In
particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo,
which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This
results in a winter warming effect, with values ranging from +0.2 to +1
K on average over Scandinavia depending on models. However, there are also a
number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement
on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a
widespread cooling from forestation (well below −2 K in most regions), a
widespread warming (around +2 K or above in most regions) or a mixed
response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the
representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the
partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of
uncertainty in summer. Atmospheric processes, such as changes in incoming
radiation due to cloud cover feedbacks, also influence the simulated
response in most seasons. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use
here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to
stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on
single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our
results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need
to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended
consequences of LUC on regional climates.
Earth transformed: detailed mapping of global human modification from 1990 to
2017
Authors: Theobald David M. , Kennedy Christina , Chen Bin , Oakleaf James , Baruch-Mordo Sharon , Kiesecker Joe
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Data on the extent, patterns, and trends of human land use are critically important to support global and national priorities for conservation and sustainable development. To inform these issues, we created a series of detailed global datasets for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 to evaluate temporal and spatial trends of land use modification of terrestrial lands (excluding Antarctica). We found that the expansion and increase of human modification between 1990 and 2015 resulted in 1.6 M km2 of natural land lost. The percent change between 1990 and 2015 was 15.2 % or 0.61 % annually – roughly 178 km2 daily. Over the pause of a deep breath, over 8 football pitches of natural lands were lost (~ 17 per minute). Worrisomely, we found that the global rate of loss has increased over the past 25 years. The greatest loss of natural lands from 1990–2015 occurred in Oceania, Asia, and Europe, and the biomes with the greatest loss were mangroves, tropical & subtropical moist broadleaf forests, and tropical & subtropical dry broadleaf forests. We also created a contemporary (~ 2017) estimate of human modification that included additional stressors and found that globally 14.5 % or 18.5 M km2 of lands have been completely modified – an area greater than Russia. Our novel datasets are detailed (0.09 km2 resolution), temporal (1990–2015), recent (~ 2017), comprehensive (11 change stressors, 14 current), robust (using an established framework and incorporating classification errors and parameter uncertainty), and strongly validated. We believe these datasets will support better understanding of the profound transformation wrought by human activities and provide foundational data on the amounts, patterns, and rates of change to inform planning and decision making for environmental mitigation, protection, restoration, and adaptation to climate change. The datasets generated from this work are available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbs1 (Theobald et al., 2020).
Dipolar Order Mediated 1H→13C Cross-Polarization for Dissolution-Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Elliott Stuart J. , Cousin Samuel F. , Chappuis Quentin , Cala Olivier , Ceillier Morgan , Bornet Aurélien , Jannin Sami
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy often suffer from a low intrinsic sensitivity, which can in some cases be circumvented by the use of hyperpolarization techniques. Dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization offers a way of hyperpolarizing 13C spins in small molecules, enhancing their sensitivity by up to four orders of magnitude. This is usually performed by direct 13C polarization, which is straightforward but often takes more than an hour. Alternatively, indirect 1H polarization followed by 1H→13C polarization transfer can be implemented, which is more efficient and faster but is technically very challenging and hardly implemented in practice. Here we propose to remove the main roadblocks of the 1H→13C polarization transfer process by using alternative schemes with: (i) less rf-power; (ii) less overall rf-energy; (iii) simple rf-pulse shapes; and (iv) no synchronized 1H and 13C rf-irradiation. An experimental demonstration of such a simple 1H→13C polarization transfer technique is presented for the case of [1-13C]sodium acetate, and is compared with the most sophisticated cross-polarization schemes. A polarization transfer efficiency of ~ 0.43 with respect to cross-polarization was realized, which resulted in a 13C polarization of ~ 8.7 % after ~ 10 minutes of microwave irradiation and a single polarization transfer step.
Methane Pathways in Winter Ice of Thermokarst Lakes, Lagoons and Coastal Waters in North Siberia
Authors: Spangenberg Ines , Overduin Pier Paul , Damm Ellen , Bussmann Ingeborg , Meyer Hanno , Liebner Susanne , Angelopoulos Michael , Biskaborn Boris K. , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Grosse Guido
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The thermokarst lakes of permafrost regions play a major role in the global carbon cycle. These lakes are sources of methane to the atmosphere but the methane flux is restricted by an ice cover for most of the year. We provide insights into the methane pathways in the winter ice cover on three different water bodies in a continuous permafrost region in Siberia. The ﬁrst is a bay underlain by submarine permafrost (Tiksi Bay, TB), the second a shallow thermokarst lagoon (Polar Fox, PF) and the third a land-locked, freshwater thermokarst lake (Goltsovoye Lake, GL). In total, 11 ice cores were analyzed as records of the freezing process and methane pathways during the winter season. In TB, the hydrochemical parameters indicate an open system freezing. In contrast, PF was classiﬁed as a semi-closed system, where ice growth eventually cuts off exchange between the lagoon and the ocean. The GL is a closed system without connections to other water bodies. Ice on all water bodies was mostly methane-supersaturated with respect to the atmospheric equilibrium concentration, except of three cores from the lake. Generally, the TB ice had low methane concentrations (3.48–8.44 nM) compared to maximum concentrations of the PF ice (2.59–539 nM) and widely varying concentrations in the GL ice (0.02–14817 nM). Stable delta13CCH4 isotope signatures indicate that methane above the ice-water interface was oxidized to concentrations close to or below the calculated atmospheric equilibrium concentration in the ice of PF. We conclude that methane oxidation in ice may decrease methane concentrations during winter. Therefore, understanding seasonal effects to methane pathways in Arctic saline inﬂuenced or freshwater systems is critical to anticipate permafrost carbon feedbacks in course of global warming.
PHYSICOELECTRICAL PROPERTIES AND PIEZORESISTIVE SENSING OF THE EXTRUSION-BASED CONDUCTIVE RUBBER COMPOSITES: SIMULTANEOUS EFFECTS OF THE EXTRUSION PARAMETERS
Authors: Narongthong Jirawat , Sae-Oui Pongdhorn , Nillawong Manuchet , Sirisinha Chakrit
Published: February 2020

Flexible conductive rubber composites (CRCs) were prepared based on carbon black–filled oil-extended styrene–butadiene rubber soft matrix. Using a variety of screw designs, the simultaneous effects of the twin-screw extrusion parameters (i.e., kneading element, dispersing position, and screw speed) on the physicoelectrical properties of the CRCs were investigated statistically. The increased intenseness of the extrusion parameters significantly enhances the piezoresistive sensing via the improved filler dispersion, increased rubber–filler interaction, and weakened filler–filler networks. Nevertheless, the influence of the kneading elements on the properties of the CRCs significantly decreases with an increase in the intenseness of the dispersing position or the screw speed, referred to as a “negative interaction.” An extreme intenseness of the screw design causes the excellent piezoresistive sensing of the CRCs, but with undesirable mechanical strength. Because those properties need to be balanced, many methods of adjusting the CRCs to be more suitable for strain-sensor application, in terms of not only piezoresistive performance but also mechanical strength, were thus established.
Implementation of Communication Strategies for Lexical Difficulties in Writing Production
Authors: Alharthi Thamer
Published: February 2020

Learning vocabulary is undeniably a key requirement for being successful in language learning. The lexicon therefore is an integral part of writing successful compositions, without which they become rather meaningless. In spite of this dynamic link, research in this field seems rather lacking in many shapes and forms; partly because of the inextricable link between vocabulary and reading and partly because of the relationship between learners’ communication strategies and vocabulary use to the extent current research overshadows that in vocabulary use in writing. This paper aims to classify the problems writers of English as a Foreign Language face, adopting a model proposed by Hemmati (2001) which follows Chomsky’s distinction between performance and competence errors. A study was carried out with thirty-one final year English students who were asked to write an argumentative essay, followed by oral retrospective interviews on their writing of the essay. The frequency of certain lexical problems varied according to the writing output the students were assigned, e.g. lexical gaps, mastery of aspects of known words and retrieval of word aspect problems in L2 writing. With regard to communication strategy, the study participants reported the use of such a strategy by following an order of preferences, e.g. prioritizing paraphrase, followed by circumlocution, then message replacement, and then body language. Significant correlations were found between participants’ lexical proficiency and the frequency of types of lexical problem they experienced as well as their particular choice of communication strategies. The paper ends by discussing the pedagogical and research implications of the study.
Sufism Methodology & Its Educational Applications
Authors: Saleem Omar
Published: February 2020

The study aimed to measure the impact of the Sufism educational methodology the Sufism educational methodology is an intellectual phenomenon, which was the result of special, political, mental & social circumstances that the Muslim nation experienced in the past; these circumstances are very close to the current political, mental & social circumstances that Muslim experience nowadays. The results of the study show that The Sufism educational methodology presents a practical method that aims to providing students with psychological education, which, in turn, attempts to investigate the motives behind people’s bad deeds and to get rid of these deeds. This indicates that the Sufism educational methodology has shifted the educational concern from the pure physical teaching problems to the investigation of the psychological problems.
Ethical Consumption and Happiness: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khurshid Aisha , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Today’s customers are ethically conscious and prefer those products that are ethically produced without using child labor and harm to animals and nature.This study shows various factors that affect ethical consumption and happiness. We proposed a model explaining effect of ethical purchase on happiness and onwards to repurchase intention. For this purpose this research adopted (Hwang & Kim, 2016) model of factors affecting happiness and repurchase intention and added variables such as ethical consumption, altruism and ethical obligation from (Oh & Yoon, 2014). Using a questionnaire-based survey, the data were collected from 212 respondents to analyze their attitude towards ethical consumption and happiness. To analyze data and test the hypothesis, Structured Equation modeling, PLS algorithm and bootstapping were used. The results showed that guilt positively affects empathy. However, empathy does not affect ethical consumption. Narcissism positively affects self-actualization. While, Self-actualization negatively affect ethical consumption. Ethical obligation also inversely affect ethical consumption however the relationship seems to be insignificant. Surprisingly, Altruism and ethical consumption also seems to have a negative connection. Moreover, ethical consumers didn’t draw happiness out of their purchase, however, happiness positively affected repurchase intention. The results of this study demonstrate the strong associations of the paths from happiness to repurchase intention, happiness to self-actualization, repurchase intention to happiness and self-actualization to happiness.
Initial lenition and strength alternations (v/b) in Neapolitan: A laryngeal Branchingness condition
Authors: Russo Michela , Ulfsbjorninn Shanti
Published: February 2020

In Central and Southern Italian dialects, the word-initial position plays host to a large number of strength-based alternations involving voiced stops. In this paper we look specifically at the v/b pair in Neapolitan. Strikingly, the absolute initial position appears to be weak with the voiced stop patterning phonologically like a singleton in word-medial position (v). After a variety of morphemes however, roots surface with the strong version of the consonant (b). These root-initial consonants (which would otherwise surface as weak) pattern phonologically like word-internal geminates. The strong form of the alternating consonant is a voiced stop. The initial position, although it hosts the weak allophone, is neither prosodically nor positionally weak. Voiceless stops, whose lenition actually is positionally conditioned, surface with their strong variant in this position. Rather than initial positional weakness, we identify a specific condition on the voiced stop variant (b). The voiced stop alternations that characterise initial-weakness are caused by a Branchingness (feature sharing) condition that plays a crucial role in determining strength. The alternating pairs are subject to a condition by which they must be bipositional in order to be strong. The (root) initial position is not weak, indeed only a positionally strong position could host such a contrast. Positional strength and Branchingness weakness have a quasi-morphological interplay that potentially aids the identification of morpheme boundaries. Though the pattern we describe is phonological, we speculate that it could constitute an intermediate step in the morphologisation of initial strong/weak alternations, a typological step toward developing initial mutation.
Riesgo Urbano—Caso de estudio; Mercado Oriental Managua
Authors: Aguilar Erasmo José , Rosales Benjamín
Published: February 2020

El Mercado Oriental Managua—MOM es uno de los centros de comercio más importantes de la región centroamericana. El deterioro y problemática funcional y constructivo lo convierten en un Núcleo de Vulnerabilidad Urbana. En este estudio se aplicó el Histograma de evaluación de Vulnerabilidad de componentes del Medio Construido para identificar el nivel de peligro y componentes de mayor riesgo.
Metodología para evaluación de daños en edificios patrimoniales por afectación sísmica
Authors: Aguilar Erasmo José , Tamez Gundel
Published: February 2020

León es uno de los departamentos de Nicaragua con mayor importancia y que cuenta con muchos valores patrimoniales de la nación. A raíz de los eventos sísmicos del 2014, el CNU convocó a las universidades (UNI, UNAN, UCA) a evaluar el daño de varios de estos bienes, por lo cual se conformaron equipos de trabajos con especialistas y estudiantes. Evaluando la documentación histórica, el reconocimiento en campo para el desarrollo del diagnóstico, y utilizando la técnica de semaforización (3 niveles de daños), se logró evidenciar en corto tiempo los edificios más deteriorados a causa de los sismos y construir los expedientes actualizados, con información de Planimetría de los bienes inmuebles.
Agroindustrialización de la actividad pesquera en América Latina
Authors: Hleap Zapata José Igor
Published: February 2020

La industria pesquera, en América Latina, nos plantea una serie de situaciones importantes relacionadas con la actividad agroindustrial tanto extractiva como productiva. Además, los procesos involucrados con la sostenibilidad y la seguridad alimentaria para los pueblos de la región son de importancia relevante y materia de análisis permanente en la búsqueda de soluciones. La disminución de los recursos, el crecimiento de la población mundial, las relaciones internacionales actuales, la globalización, el mal manejo de los alimentos debido a la poca tecnificación y conocimiento al respecto, conllevan a la necesidad de búsqueda de alternativas que permitan atenuar las dificultades alimenticias de la región. La acuicultura y el desarrollo agroindustrial para la transformación del recurso hidrobiológico son pilares fundamentales en esta búsqueda de soluciones. Es necesario plantear alternativas de elaboración de productos que se ajusten a las necesidades específicas de las regiones, que garanticen productos inocuos, de alto valor nutricional, con excelentes propiedades organolépticas y funcionales, producidos y elaborados a bajos costos y que en lo posible gocen de amplios tiempos de vida útil. Basados en esto, se plantea la fabricación de productos confeccionados con la técnica del “surimi”, siendo este un producto intermedio (materia prima) representado en una pasta o pulpa de pescado neutra elaborada con la adición de crioprotectores y polifosfatos, que permite el desarrollo de múltiples alternativas alimenticias ricas en proteína tales como embutidos de diversas características tecnológicas, funcionales y de presentación, productos apanados, productos análogos o conformados, productos semipreprarados y precongelados, productos funcionales, entre otros.
ILHAS DE CALOR URBANAS: MÉTODOS E TÉCNICAS DE ANÁLISE
Authors: Amorim Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade
Published: February 2020

Para refletir sobre o tema proposto na mesa do XIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Climatologia Geográfica, intitulada “Climatologia urbana metodologias e técnicas: alterações climáticas, sustentabilidade e resiliência”, alguns recortes foram necessários, considerando-se a amplitude e complexidade que o envolve. Desta forma, este texto versará sobre metodologias e técnicas utilizadas nos estudos das ilhas de calor em cidades de médio e de pequeno porte, tendo-se como objetivos: apresentar os conceitos e tipos de ilhas de calor urbanas; refletir sobre a construção teórica e metodológica que tem direcionado os estudos de clima urbano realizados em cidades de pequeno e médio porte; evidenciar as principais técnicas e procedimentos utilizados para o diagnóstico das ilhas de calor da atmosfera inferior; e abordar formas de representação espacial e temporal das intensidades das ilhas de calor da atmosfera inferior e relacioná-la com as ilhas de calor superficiais. Por meio de alguns exemplos, buscou-se mostrar os avanços do conhecimento na climatologia urbana, principalmente quando se trata da geração das ilhas de calor nas suas diferentes formas de manifestações e representações. Acredita-se que o detalhamento das ilhas de calor urbanas possibilita o oferecimento de subsídios à gestão territorial e ao planejamento urbano, visando a sustentabilidade da sociedade, para que seja possível a construção de cidades mais saudáveis para seus habitantes.
TÉCNICAS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO PARA A PESQUISA EM CLIMATOLOGIA REGIONAL E AGROCLIMATOLOGIA
Authors: Murara Pedro Germano
Published: February 2020

Com o objetivo de discutir a pesquisa em climatologia regional e agroclimatologia, este texto apresenta uma discussão desses conceitos com o intuito de demostrar as relações de convergência entre esses dois ramos da climatologia geográfica. Apoiado em um estudo de caso, o artigo apresenta os métodos e técnicas de interpolação de dados meteorológicos, proporcionando ao leitor a compreensão de diferentes interpretações diante da seleção de uma das cinco técnicas: IDW, Spline, Kriging, Natural Neighbor e Topo to Raster. Os resultados evidenciaram que, para além da apresentação visual das informações, isto é, sua espacialização, a seleção de uma das técnicas demostra os objetivos que o usuário pretende enfatizar no uso de seus dados (meteorológicos) e informações. Ainda, perante o desafio de apresentar enfrentamentos diante das variabilidades e alterações climáticas contemporâneas se enfatiza que estudos e pesquisas de regionalização do clima e dos seus elementos se fazem necessários e podem ser utilizados para o auxílio na caracterização de zoneamento agroclimático.
PRODUÇÃO DE DADOS EM CLIMATOLOGIA GEOGRÁFICA: APLICAÇÃO ÀS ESCALAS INFERIORES DO CLIMA
Authors: Galvani Emerson
Published: February 2020

Apresenta-se um relato de estratégias utilizadas para obtenção de dados primários em pesquisas climáticas com destaque para as escalas topo e microclimáticas apontando desafios e possibilidades.  Indica-se que é possível pensar em estratégias, metodologicamente, adequadas para monitorar os atributos do clima e responder às perguntas de seu projeto de pesquisa;  a falta de recursos financeiros e humanos pode ser contornada com criatividade e parcerias; e a necessidade de conhecer seu objeto de pesquisa por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e leitura sobre o tema.
ESTIMATIVA DO BALANÇO DE ENERGIA PELO MÉTODO DA RAZÃO DE BOWEN A PARTIR DE MEDIDAS DE PROTÓTIPO DE ESTAÇÃO MICROMETEOROLÓGICA
Authors: Da Silva Filho Armando , Biudes Marcelo Sacardi , Machado Nadja Gomes , Querino Carlos Alexandre Santos , Almeida Júnior Elio Santos
Published: February 2020

O balanço de energia é de grande importância para a caracterização do microclima. Ele possibilita analisar a interação entre as variáveis ambientais e a superfície, bem como, identificar também efeitos decorrentes das atividades antrópicas. No entanto, estimar o balanço de energia em escala espacial pode ser inviável devido ao elevado custo de equipamento comercial. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi construir e avaliar o funcionamento de duas estações micrometeorológicas para estimar o balanço de energia pelo método de razão de Bowen em duas coberturas do solo distintas ao mesmo tempo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área de cana-de-açúcar e numa área urbana residencial, distantes 25 km, no município de Barra do Bugres-MT. Os saldos radiômetros, piranômetros, fluxímetros de calor no solo, termohigrômetros e datalogger foram desenvolvidos em laboratório e calibrados em campo. As medidas dos sensores desenvolvidos apresentaram alta correlação em relação aos sensores de referência. Devido à acurácia das medidas foi possível estimar os gradientes de temperatura e pressão de vapor d’água do ar. Assim, foi possível estimar o balanço de energia das duas áreas experimentais pelo método de Razão de Bowen a partir de medidas realizadas nos dois protótipos de estação micrometeorológica desenvolvidos.
Short communication: Presence of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto associated with triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) in Argentina
Authors: Dinolfo María I. , Martínez Mauro , Castañares Eliana , Stenglein Sebastián A.
Published: February 2020

Aim of study: To report the occurrence of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.) on triticale grains from field samples in Argentina and the potential mycotoxin production for these isolates.Area of study: Buenos Aires province, ArgentinaMaterial and methods: A total of 40 samples from different crops (barley, rye, triticale, and wheat) showing Fusarium head blight symptoms were taken during 2017/2018 harvest season. Colonies with colour and mycelium similar to Fusarium were taken and were morphologically and molecularly identified. The potential to produce deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and zearalenones was determined. Also, the Koch´s postulates were used to evaluate the pathogenic capacity of the F. graminearum s.s. isolates in triticale.Main results: Two Fusarium isolates were identified morphologically as F. graminearum, which were confirmed molecularly by PCR using the specific Fg16 F/R primers pair and by sequencing red and tri101 genes. The sequences obtained were compared with those available in the NCBI database using BLAST tools, showing 99-100% homology with those belonging to F. graminearum s.s. The results demonstrated that F. graminearum s.s. isolates were pathogenic when triticale spikes were inoculated by spraying under greenhouse conditions.Research highlights: To our knowledge, this is the first time that the presence of F. graminearum s.s. is reported associated with triticale in Argentina.
Effects of Vermicompost, Tithonia Green Manure and Urea on Quality of Swiss Chard (Beta Vulgaris L. Var. Cicla L.) in Kenya
Authors: Rioba N. B. , Opala P. A. , Bore J. K. , Ochanda S. O. , Sitienei K.
Published: February 2020

Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) is a popular vegetable because it is nutritious, robust, easy to grow. It requires regular applications of nitrogen, which causes accumulation of oxalates and nitrates within the plant. Oxalates and nitrates are known health hazards but the use of organic fertilizers have been shown to reduce their accumulation and to promote accumulation of beneficial phytochemicals. We therefore determined the effect vermicompost (VC), Tithonia diversifolia green manure (Tithonia) and urea on the quality of Swiss chard. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times with thirteen treatments. Leaf nutrient elements, TSS, polyohenols, Vitamin C and antioxidants were determined using standard procedures. Treatment effects were significant only for aluminum, phosphorus and calcium. The values were highest on VC 50 kg N ha-1 and Urea 50 kg N ha-1, Tithonia 50 kg N ha-1 + Urea 50 kg N ha-1, and VC 50 kg N ha-1, and VC 100 kg N ha-1 for aluminum, phosphorus and calcium, respectively. Lowest response was reported on Tithonia 50 kg N ha-1, control and Tithonia 50 kg N ha-1 + Urea 50 kg N ha-1 for aluminum, phosphorus and calcium, respectively. The treatments significantly influenced the percentage of polyphenols, vitamin C and the antioxidant capacity while no significance was reported for total soluble solutes. The polyphenols and vitamin C content were highest on Tithonia 100 kg N ha-1 and control, respectively. Low polyphenol and vitamin C contents were recorded on VC 50 kg N ha-1 and VC 100 kg N ha-1, respectively. A similar trend was observed for antioxidant activity since a positive correlation was observed between the polyphenols and vitamin C and the antioxidant activity. Tithonia green manure improves Swiss chard quality.
Nasal Mucormycosis:
Our experience with 24 cases
Authors: Bakshi Satvinder Singh , Das Soumyajit , Ramesh Seepana , Gopalakrishnan Suriyanarayanan
Published: February 2020

Background: Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection affecting people with impaired immunity. The aim of this study is to shed light on the epidemiology, incidence, and outcome of patients with mucormycosis hospitalized at a tertiary care center in Pondicherry.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review between January 2008 and January 2018. All patients with proven or probable mucormycosis were included.
Results: A total of 24 patients were included. Their median age was 49 years and the majority were males. Comorbidities included mainly hematologic malignancy and diabetes mellitus. A liposomal amphotericin B formulation alone or in combination with other antifungals was used as a first line agent in all patients.
Conclusion: The incidence of mucormycosis has significantly increased over the past 10 years at our institution, most likely due to increased risk factors.
Supporting a Hybrid Composition of Microservices. The EUCalipTool Platform
Authors: Valderas Pedro
Published: February 2020

In order to provide complex and elaborated functionalities, Microservices may cooperate with each other either by following a centralized (orchestration) or decentralized (choreography) approach. It seems that the decentralized nature of microservices makes the choreography approach more appropriate to achieve such cooperation, where lighter solutions based on events and message queues are used. However, orchestration through the usage of a process model makes it is easier to analyze the flow of the composition when modifications are required. In order to benefit from the goodness of these two approaches, this paper presents a hybrid solution based on the choreography of business process pieces, that are obtained from a previously defined description of the complete microservice composition. To support this solution, the EUCalipTool platform is presented.
Third Space, Hybridity, and Colonial Mimicry in Fugard's Blood Knot
Authors: Ghasemi Parvin , Sasani Samira , Nemati Fatereh
Published: February 2020

Literature, as a branch of Humanities, has a significant role in demonstrating the problems
and the realities of a society. Therefore, the literary texts written in South Africa, had a
major role in the victory of people against the policy of Apartheid, according to which the whites were segregated from non-whites. Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard is one of the
writers, who showed his hatred and dissatisfaction to the world, with his plays. He is known for his deeply rooted and controversial anti-apartheid plays. His Blood Knot (1961) has been chosen in this study, in which the negative implications of colonialism and racism can be explored. Bhabha is one of the influential critics whose works give priority to the agency of colonized people. The relation between the colonizer and the colonized will be scrutinized subsequently according to what Bhabha mentioned in his influential book The Location of Culture.
Traits of leadership for efficacious communication of Project Management in Software Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullah Muhammad , Sarfraz Muddassar , HussainKazmi Syed Murtaza
Published: February 2020

This study aims at exploring the essential personas a project manager as a leader must
possess for an effective communication. This study has been conducted in the context of Pakistani Software industry and the data was collected by running a self administrated online survey distributed to the employees: managers and subordinates. Latest studies are focusing on Trustworthiness and old studies have presented Transformation and Transaction Leaders‟ traits. Communication is vital, and its importance cannot be denied. Communication must possess Trustworthiness, Fairness and Candidness factors which this study highlights and stresses to be as the most important traits of a PM. Pakistani Software industry lacks communication which results in failures of projects which can be overcome by applying an integrated model presented in this study. In conclusion, a project manager must evaluate and gather all the information according to the situation and after that apply proper skills to cope with that. Employees do much better if the right and correct information are transferred to them and the project manager/manager is trustworthy.
Condemnation of Religious Concepts: An Examination of Chubak's "An Afternoon in Late Autumn" through Bakhtin's Theory of Grotesque Realism
Authors: Anoosheh Sayed Mohammad , Oroskhan Muhammad Hussein
Published: February 2020

The first traces of modernism in Iranian society can be found in the second decade of
twentieth century which was deeply embedded with religious concepts. With regard to
Persian literature, short story was developed as a new genre and a sign of modernism of that period by prominent Iranian writers such as Sadeq Hedayat (1903-1951), Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh (1892-1997) and Sadegh Chubak (1916-1998). In this way a cultural clash was broken out between the traditional religious concepts and the new modern ideas. Among these writers, Chubak was more influenced by the doctrine of modernism. He expressed his message colloquially through his short stories to instigate the lower part of society. His naturalistic style of writing delved into the most gruesome details of people's life with the aim of shocking his reader in experiencing a new perspective previously ignored. To highlight Chubak's style of writing attempt is made to explore one of the highly praised short stories entitled "An Afternoon in Late Autumn" on the ground of the Bakhtin's theory of grotesque realism cited in Rabelais and His World. Grotesque realism is a site upon which religious and social hierarchies can be subverted and renewed. This study tries to reveal that Chubak followed the Bakhtin's grotesque realism to evoke a new outlook particularly in the lower section of society.
9-11 Year Old Students’ Perception of Violence Reflected in Their Drawings
Authors: Burak Ozdemir Melih , Gurkan Senem , Barut Yashar
Published: February 2020

Violence, which can be defined as any threat towards the physical and psychological
integrity of a human being, can result in fear, anxiety and severe behavior problems on
children, whether exposed or witnessed. In this study, it is planned to achieve children’s
perception of violence expressed by drawing and obtaining data in this way. In this study, the type of violence children portray in their drawings, how they determine to portray characteristics who perpetrate violence and are exposed to it as well as how is applied are analyzed. To measure how children perceive the violence, they were asked to draw a picture describing the ones who use violence and the ones who are exposed to violence. The pictures, drawn by children who participated in the study, were examined from a semantic perspective and content analysis method was adopted on the pictures. The research was conducted in Samsun province in the middle socio-economic level, with total of 53 students, 27 girls and 26 boys between the ages of 9-11 who were randomly selected representing two schools. Drawings were examined according to the issues they portrayed and then, semantic and content analysis was applied. In the children’s drawings, it is shown that the violence of adults is reflected more. These findings indicate that child to child violence, domestic violence, war, adult to child violence, adults to animal violence and terrorism is portrayed respectively. Generally, males are portrayed in the drawings. Drawn illustrations show that children are aware of the growing violence in their environmental. Raising the children in nonviolent social environment seems important for their healthy development. We can say that drawing, which is a simple tool for exploring the children’s inner world, can be used by all professionals responsible for children education.
Energy strategy development of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ibrahimov Rovshan
Published: February 2020

Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are three post-Soviet countries, which
are in varying degrees rich of energy resources. After gaining independence, oil
and gas wealth were the main resources for overcoming acute economic stagnation,
and later the formation of the economy itself in all of these countries. Even today,
the energy sector is form base and essential in their economies. As from the declaration of independence of these three countries already twentyseven years has passed, the energy strategy has become diversified and differ from each other. This is due to many factors, both internal and external. What factor affected this phenomenon will be explained in this article. Also in his article will provide information on the development of the energy sector in Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, from the moment they gain independence until today. The specifics of the energy strategy development in each country will be highlighted and further a comparative analysis will be conducted,
according to which common points and differences between these former republics
of the Soviet Union will be determined. This will allow considering the prospect of further development of the energy sector both: in these countries and in other countries, whose economy is also mainly based on the energy sector.
Forms of Stating the Right to Freedom of Association in International Regulatory Acts
Authors: Ganbarov Dashgin
Published: February 2020

The protection of freedom of association can be acknowledged as the protection of
fundamental human rights. The enforcement of freedom of association is the indicator
of the protection of human rights in general. In modern times, the enforcement of freedom of association means the observance of democratic principles. It should be taking into consideration that mechanisms of the protection of human rights emerged actively after the World War II. Actually, the legal basis for the protection of human rights was for the first time reflected in the UN Charter. The reason, why the UN pays special attention to the protection of human rights, was explained in the preamble of the charter of the organization. International regulatory basis of freedom of association deserves attention for its thoroughness. Numerous conventions of non-regulatory nature or with full legal force ensure effective regulation of freedom of association. The existing international legal standards or acts clearly prescribe everyone’s right to freedom of association and belong to any existing associations to achieve their goals. Different efficient mechanisms have been developed to prevent violation of these rights.
Anatomia e fisiologia do sistema linfático: processo de formação de edema e técnica de drenagem linfática
Authors: Marques Tauge Marione Leal da Silva , Silva Adriane Garcia
Published: February 2020

O sistema linfático é um dos principais sistemas do corpo humano, responsável pela drenagem do excesso de fluidos intersticiais, age paralelamente ao sistema cardiovascular e é constituído por uma rede de vasos e capilares linfáticos que transportam a linfa, ductos coletores e gânglios.  Desequilíbrios nesse sistema podem acarretar na formação de edema, acumulo de liquido entre as células. A drenagem linfática manual é uma técnica desenvolvida para auxiliar o sistema linfático a realizar suas funções. A técnica desenvolvida por Vodder e Estrid, ganhou visibilidade mundial e consiste no estimulo dos linfonodos e no direcionamento da linfa no seu sentido natural, apresentando bons resultados no tratamento de edema. Para a realização do presente trabalho foi utilizado o método de revisão de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados SciELO, Google Acadêmico e Annals of Internal Medicine. Como critério de inclusão foram avaliados artigos da língua portuguesa que retratavam especificamente á fisiologia do sistema linfático e a fisiopatologia do edema, de modo que, ao final da leitura, dos 65 artigos avaliados, apenas 19 se enquadravam. Com a realização desta pesquisa, pode-se constatar que existem diversas técnicas de drenagem linfática, método utilizado para auxiliar o sistema linfático na drenagem do excesso de liquido intersticial, e que independente do método utilizado, a técnica deve ser realizada por pessoa qualificada e com movimentos suaves e lentos, respeitando sempre a anatomia e fisiologia do corpo humano.
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN ACHIEVING BASIC COMPLETE IMMUNIZATION AND UNIVERSAL CHILD IMMUNIZATION INDICATORS IN KAPUAS DISTRICT IN 2018
Authors: Vela Lia Rosi , Sjaaf Amal Chalik
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Completing the basic immunization and implementing Universal Child Immunization (UCI) are the objectives for the Immunization Program according to the Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia Strategic Planning. In 2017, Kapuas district achieved 66,6% of the Completed Basic Immunization target and 32,2% of the Universal Child Immunization (UCI) target. There is still a 26,4% gap and a 62,8% gap, respectively, from the 95% target of Strategic Plan Ministry of Health 2015-2019. This study aims to discuss the performance of policy implementation of Completed Basic Immunization (CBI) and Universal Child Immunization (UCI) in 2018 at Kapuas Regency, using qualitative research with case study design at 6 Puskesmas in Kapuas Regency. The total informants in this research are 34 informants. The study showed that the performance of policy implementation regarding indicator achievement of CBI and UCI of Kapuas Regency in 2018 have not been optimal. So, policy improvement is needed to increase CBI and UCI achievement of Kapuas Regency next year.Abstrak. Indikator yang diukur untuk menilai kinerja pelaksanaan imunisasi di Indonesia berdasarkan Renstra Kemenkes RI adalah pencapaian imunisasi dasar lengkap (IDL) sedangkan indikator programnya adalah pencapaian universal child immunization (UCI). Pencapaian indikator IDL Kabupaten Kapuas pada tahun 2017 sebesar 66,6% di mana selisih ada selisih 26,4% dari target Renstra Kemenkes RI 2015-2019 sebesar 95%. Pencapaian indikator UCI desa/kelurahan Kabupaten Kapuas Tahun 2017 sebesar 32,2% dan ada selisih 62,8% dari target UCI berdasarkan RPJMN sebesar 95%. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk membahas kinerja implementasi kebijakan terkait pencapaian indikator  imunisasi dasar lengkap (IDL) dan Universal Child Immunization (UCI) tahun 2018 di Kabupaten Kapuas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain rapid assessment procedure (RAP) yang dilaksanakan di 6 puskesmas yang berada di kabupaten Kapuas. Jumlah informan dalam penelitian ini ada 34 informan. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi melalui telaah dokumen dan kemudian dilakukan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja implementasi kebijakan terkait pencapaian indikator imunisasi dasar lengkap (IDL) dan Universal Child Immunization (UCI) di 6 puskesmas yang ada di kabupaten Kapuas tahun 2018 kurang optimal sehingga diperlukan upaya perbaikan untuk meningkatkan pencapaian IDL dan UCI di tahun berikutnya.