bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Convergence of AI, ML, and IoT in Automotive Systems: A Future Perspective on Edge Computing
Authors: Vaka Dilip Kumar
Published: July 2024

Edge computing, where sensing, control, and intelligent processing occur near where data is acquired, is poised to be a fundamental enabler of several imminent disruptive future computing paradigms for emerging applications such as CPS, IoT, and more sophisticated AI-driven services. In this context, we posit the convergence of AI, ML, and IoT in automotive systems, the infrastructure required to enable it, and where edge computing will play a pivotal role in the real-world deployment of this ecosystem. We also review a few digital infrastructure technologies that can vastly enhance these next-generation digital automotive systems. This is examined through the investigation of real-world scenarios provided by our partner companies, the prominent Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and other sources. First, it is demonstrated through several industrial benchmarks that the proposed digital infrastructure technologies provide significant alleviation in terms of application accuracy, and at times even take the benefits beyond even 1x equivalent DNN accelerator-based systems in resource-constrained edge computing environments. After this, the challenges of designing and deploying them in real-world automotive systems are outlined. The paper concludes with the verifiable thesis that edge computing technologies need to play a significant role in the next-generation digital automotive system development so that ML-driven AI systems of the future are designed and deployed successfully in the field and can deliver their intent of providing superior user experience, enhanced safety, and convenience.
Biosecurity and the Constitutional Right to Protection of Health of Citizens: The Development of Biojurisprudence in the Sphere of Reproductive Health of Citizens
Authors: Mossberg Evgenia Yu. ,   Junior Research Scientist of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Novosibirsk State University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the relationship between biosafety institutions and assisted reproductive technologies. An analysis of industry legislation in the field of medical care in the fight against female and male infertility is provided.
The Impact of the Concept of Decent Work on the Implementation of the Constitutional Reform and the Development of Deliberative Constitutionalism in Russia
Authors: Razdyakonova Evgenia V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Novosibirsk
Published: July 2024

The work examines the concept of decent work, which is relevant in the light of social amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the measurability criteria of which have been formulated by the International Labor Organization for several years, and the possibilities of its implementation in national legislation. Certain aspects of decent and effective work are fragmentarily reflected in the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and in the National Project “Labor Productivity and Employment Support”. The author concludes that the tools of deliberative constitutionalism, actively used in formulating the concept of decent work in Russia, can provide legitimacy for more flexible regulation of working time for persons with family responsibilities, as well as generally respond to the demands of society in the social sphere, forming an algorithmic social state.
Practical Problems and Special Aspects of the Establishment of Informational and Analytical Crime Models
Authors: Cherdantsev Anton Yu. ,   Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics
Published: July 2024

The active development of digital technologies is of scientific interest in the formation and subsequent use of various digital information-analytical materials containing forensically significant information obtained in the course of practical activities by investigators. Of increasing practical importance is the need to create forensic information-analytical models for all types of crimes, including those committed with the use of digital technologies. with the use of digital technologies. In the article the author considers actual problems that have arisen in the course of formation of information-analytical models of crimes, practical difficulties arising in the formation of the necessary databases, as well as ways to solve them.
The Development of the Idea of Variability in Simulation of National and Regional Administration of the Russian Empire (from the Middle of the 17th to the Early 20th Century)
Authors: Krasnyakov Nikolay I. ,   Deputy Director, Acting Head of the Department of Theory and History of State
Published: July 2024

Various aspects of the combination of variability and alternativeness in the process of transforming the institutional foundations of the unified political and legal space of the Russian Empire are considered. The range of issues concentrating the vision of the evolution of imperial Russia in the political and state sphere in relation to national and regional governance is substantiated. The article examines the implementation of state power in relation to new territories, their social organization and the local legal system.
Carrying out Investigative Actions in Criminal Cases on Crimes Stipulated by Article 116.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Museibov Ulvi A. ,   Leading Research Scientist of the National Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, PhD (Law), Kuznetsova Natalya A. , Kupriyanov Evgeny I. ,   Leading Research Scientist of the National Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation,   Senior Research Scientist of the National Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article reveals: features of the production of individual investigative actions in criminal cases of beatings or other violent acts that caused physical pain by a person who has been subjected to administrative punishment or has a criminal record.
Presumption of Innocence as One of the Key Guarantees of the Implementation of Moral Origins in the Russian Criminal Procedure
Authors: Malina Maksim A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics of the Law Faculty of the Southern
Published: July 2024

The article examines the problem of morality in the criminal process of modern Russia. The need is justified not only for a full-fledged regulatory consolidation of ethical principles here, but also for their correct understanding, awareness and compliance by the law enforcement officer in criminal proceedings. Only then is fair justice possible, which in turn strengthens the moral foundations of modern society and the state. The moral nature of the presumption of innocence, the key principle of proof, is examined the presumption of innocence is interpreted with an emphasis on its moral nature. On this basis an approach is proposed in which this constitutional principle acts as a guarantee of the embodiment of moral principles in domestic criminal proceedings and, accordingly, as a guarantee of fair justice.
Corruption Manifestations of Raidership
Authors: Kochedykova Viktoria M. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Law Institute of the Chelyabinsk State University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the phenomenon of corruption and its impact on corporate raiding, deduces their relationship, which is confirmed by examples of judicial practice. The rationale is given that corruption contributes to raider takeovers. The article analyzes the tasks of Russian state policy in the field of ensuring the security of economic activity, enshrined in the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030. The problems that a victim of a raider takeover faces when defending his violated rights, which is a consequence of corruption, are presented. The article summarizes the positions of scientists regarding the issue under consideration. It is proposed to develop a set of legal measures and bills to combat raiding.
The Teaching Concept as a Category of the Pedagogical Science: The Search for Content
Authors: Usacheva Elena A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Legal Disciplines of the Central Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To identify and to describe the structural elements of the pedagogical concept of «pedagogical activity», to formulate the author›s definition. Methodology: dialectical method, method of analysis and synthesis, logical. Conclusion. «Pedagogical activity» as a category of pedagogical science is defined through the specifics of its structural components (goal, subject, person composition), essential basis, professionalism (embodied in awareness, purposefulness and systematic activity). Definitive content is characterized by subjectivity, a low degree of concretization, transparency of boundaries, and a large volume of the concept. Under pedagogical activity as a category of pedagogy, it is proposed to understand the professional activity of the teaching subject of the pedagogical process, aimed at organizing, coordinating and implementing social interaction with the student in order to internalize in his mind the content of education which is transmitted using educational means directly or indirectly, for further processing, using, reproduction, as well as self-generation of views, positions, knowledge, skills and abilities. Scientific and practical significance. The author›s conclusions can be used for the purposes of lawmaking, as well as for further scientific pedagogical and legal research.
Financial and Legal Regulation of the System of Insurance of Financial Risks of Retail Investors in the Russian Federation
Authors: Karpov Kirill A. ,   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Financial Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
Published: July 2024

The article considers a proposal to improve the protection of the rights of retail investors in the Russian securities market through the establishment of a financial risk insurance fund for retail investors of the Russian Federation. The total volume of investments of the country's citizens in the national stock market is analyzed, taking into account gender and age comparative characteristics. The creation of an insurance system will help offset the financial risks of investors, protect their rights and legitimate interests, and reduce reputational costs for the Russian Federation stock market associated with the actions of unscrupulous participants in relation to retail investors. In the future, insurance of funds on brokerage accounts and ICS will allow attracting broader segments of the Russian population who were previously not interested in these investments due to their risky nature, which will contribute to significant investments of funds in the national economy of the Russian Federation.
COUNSELING SERVICE ASSISTANCE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RECOVERY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE VICTIMS IN UPTD PPA SAMARINDA CITY
Authors: SURYATI NANIK , IDHAM MADANI ABUBAKAR , HADI KUSUMA RUDY
Published: July 2024

Domestic violence cases are still rampant among the community, especially women and children, which causes disruption to the psychological condition of victims. UPTD PPA Samarinda City as a forum for handling victims of violence provides counseling assistance to restore the psychological condition of victims of domestic violence. This study aims to determine the implementation of counseling services in the psychological recovery of victims of domestic violence at UPTD PPA Samarinda City. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection through interviews and observations. The results showed that forms of domestic violence affect the psychological condition of victims so that counseling services play an important role in the psychological recovery of victims. There are several types of counseling services provided for handling victims of domestic violence, including individual counseling, family counseling, and marriage counseling.
SPIRITUAL NEUROSCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: MIERRINA  , KHORRIYATUL KHOTIMAH SITI , KURNIA SARI DITA
Published: July 2024

This research is intended to determine the relationship between spiritual neuroscience and the psychological problems of elderly people. The samples in this study were members of the Majlis Ta'lim and Posyandu for the Elderly, pre-elderly and the elderly with an age range of 55-75 years. Taken using a Purposive Random Sampling technique, a total of 35 mothers were members of the Majlis Ta'lim and 37 mothers at the Elderly Posyandu. This research is research with a quantitative approach, to test correlations or relationships. The aim was to see the relationship between spiritual neuroscience and the psychological problems of elderly people, which was carried out in two communities, namely Majlis Ta'lim and Posyandu for the Elderly. Based on the hypothesis proposed, this research uses statistical analysis techniques of the product moment correlation test. The research results show that there is a correlation coefficient (r) of 1 and -0.654. This figure shows that there is a correlation between Elderly Problems and Spiritual Neuroscience (above 0.5), while the '-' sign indicates that the weaker the elderly's spiritual neuroscience, the higher the psychological problems experienced by the elderly, and vice versa, the stronger the elderly's spiritual neuroscience, the fewer  psychological problems experienced by the elderly.
Evaluación de la implementación de un paquete preventivo en infecciones nosocomiales en un hospital de Lima.
Authors: Sandoval Castillo Harrison Ronald
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IAAS) son un problema de salud pública. Se ejecutó una investigación con el objeto de evaluar el resultado de la implementación de un paquete de atención en la prevención de estas infecciones, en pacientes internados en la UCI de un hospital público de Lima, el año 2022. Materiales y Método: El diseño del estudio fue cuantitativo, aplicado y preexperimental, midiendo las tasas de incidencia antes y después de la implementación de los paquetes de prevención, el que consistió en la aplicación de los care-bundle, a la totalidad de pacientes hospitalizados en dicha unidad. Resultados: La tasa de IAAS disminuyó de 43.8 a 8.64 por cada 100 pacientes hospitalizados (p=0.039); la incidencia de bacteriemias disminuyó de 7.16 a 0.66 x 1000 d-CVC (p=0.020); la de neumonías disminuyó de 12.96 a 4.65 x 1000 d-VM (p=0.047); no habiendo resultado sobre las infecciones urinarias. Existió correlación significativa entre la adecuada implementación del bundle (más del 80% de cumplimiento) y la disminución de las tasas de bacteriemias y neumonías (Rho de Spearman: 0.008 y 0.005, respectivamente) a diferencia del bundle de infecciones urinarias que no alcanzó una adecuada implementación (p=0.468). Conclusiones: La implementación de los paquetes preventivos tuvo un resultado positivo en la prevención de IAAS, requiriéndose para ello una adecuada implementación de los bundle.
Primer reporte de discoespondilitis cervical por Pseudomona spp. en paciente canino cachorro en Lima, Perú: Reporte de caso
Authors: Esparza Juarez Bianca Cristina , Garate Vilca Hector Eliseo , Nascimento Mendoza Paulo Enzo
Published: July 2024

Se presenta el caso de una hembra canina de tres meses de edad, raza mestiza, atendida en la ciudad de Lima, Perú, a la cual se le diagnostica discoespondilitis por Pseudomona spp. Llegó a consulta con un cuadro de fiebre, decaimiento, postración y dolor inespecífico en el cuello. Se le realizó un hemograma, perfil bioquímico hepático renal y una prueba de T4. Además, se descartaron enfermedades infecciosas a través de pruebas de serología, PCR, parasitología, urocultivo y hemocultivo. Todas dieron resultados negativos salvo el hemocultivo, donde se aisló el Pseudomona spp. Posteriormente, se tomaron radiografías y una resonancia magnética. A partir de estas pruebas se determinó una discoespondilitis (C4-C5) con leves signos comprensivos. El hemocultivo y antibiograma permitieron aplicar un tratamiento de acuerdo con el diagnóstico definitivo. Luego de estar internada una semana se le dio de alta de manera parcial y se le realizó un seguimiento por dos meses. Finalmente, se le observó una evolución favorable.
Host response to cholestyramine can be mediated by the gut microbiota
Authors: Newman Nolan K. , Monnier Philip M. , Rodrigues Richard R. , Gurung Manoj , Vasquez-Perez Stephany , Hioki Kaito A. , Greer Renee L. , Brown Kevin , Morgun Andrey , Shulzhenko Natalia
Published: July 2024

Background: The gut microbiota has been implicated as a major factor contributing to metabolic diseases and the response to drugs used for the treatment of such diseases. In this study, we tested the effect of cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant that reduces blood cholesterol, on the murine gut microbiota and metabolism. We also explored the hypothesis that some effects of this drug on systemic metabolism can be attributed to alterations in the gut microbiota.

Methods: We used a Western diet (WD) for 8 weeks to induce metabolic disease in mice, then treated some mice with cholestyramine added to WD. Metabolic phenotyping, gene expression in liver and ileum, and microbiota 16S rRNA genes were analyzed. Then, transkingdom network analysis was used to find candidate microbes for the cholestyramine effect.

Results: We observed that cholestyramine decreased glucose and epididymal fat levels and detected dysregulation of genes known to be regulated by cholestyramine in the liver and ileum. Analysis of gut microbiota showed increased alpha diversity in cholestyramine-treated mice, with fourteen taxa showing restoration of relative abundance to levels resembling those in mice fed a control diet. Using transkingdom network analysis, we inferred two amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), one from the Lachnospiraceae family (ASV49) and the other from the Muribaculaceae family (ASV1), as potential regulators of cholestyramine effects. ASV49 was also negatively linked with glucose levels, further indicating its beneficial role.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that the gut microbiota has a role in the beneficial effects of cholestyramine and suggest specific microbes as targets of future investigations.
Fabry nephropathy: a treatable cause of chronic kidney disease
Authors: West Michael L. , Geldenhuys Laurette , Bichet Daniel G.
Published: July 2024

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked inborn error of metabolism that has a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure. It is due to the deficiency of the α-galactosidase A (α-Gal) lysosomal enzyme with subsequent accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in lysosomes. In the kidney, the podocyte is the main target of this disease, although all cell types are involved. The podocyte, being terminally differentiated, does not replicate and thus accumulates Gb3 throughout life. Podocytes are injured by Gb3, leading to their detachment from the glomerular basement membrane and subsequent loss in the urine. Albuminuria starts in childhood and progresses to overt proteinuria in the teens and 20 s. CKD ensues with adults starting dialysis at an average age of 42 years. Patients have a high prevalence of stroke and cardiomyopathy with hypertrophic change, heart failure, and dysrhythmias. Patient survival is limited in both genders. Diagnosis is based on the demonstration of a low α-Gal activity and a pathogenic GLA mutation. Clinical features are highly variable, which makes recognition of this condition difficult. Treatment with intravenous recombinant human enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and oral pharmacologic chaperone are available. Control of proteinuria to 0.5 g/day or less is of critical importance to limit progression to end-stage renal disease. Early initiation of treatment gives the best results, but the optimal age to start is uncertain. Fabry nephropathy remains a challenge due to its multisystem nature, difficult diagnosis, and complicated management. It is important as a treatable cause of CKD.
Informal Employment in the World
Authors: Khokhlova M.
Published: July 2024

The share of informal employment in the world is almost 60% of all employment in the labor market. The informal sector is an important part of the economy, especially in low-income countries with high rates of population growth low urbanization. The informal sector creates jobs, providing income for more than two billion people worldwide. In difficult circumstances, the informally employed (NFE) are precisely those people who are willing to do lower quality work, which does not guarantee them social protection, labor rights, and decent working conditions. Widespread informal employment in all its forms entails adverse consequences of various kinds for workers, enterprises, and society as a whole. For example, informal economic units tend to have low productivity and lack access to financial resources, which creates barriers to decent work and sustainable development. This article highlights the objectively existing conditions and features of development in different parts of the world, assessing their impact on the social composition and the number of participants in informal labor relations. At the same time, it shows the unambiguous position of the international community, which is the leitmotif of all documents of the UN, ILO, IMF, OECD – providing decent work and social protection to all informal workers. The factor of education in employment depends most of all on the political will of both the global community and the leadership of a particular country, therefore it can be influenced, unlike the prevailing economic conditions. Education creates human potential, contributes to the development of the country and, as will be shown in the article, affects the number of informal employееs. The level of education is closely connected with the level of informal employment in all regions.
ANALYSIS OF ASBESTOS IN BUILDING MATERIALS – CASE IN TOWN SKOPJE
Authors: Stefov Viktor , Boev Blazo
Published: July 2024

Asbestos has been extensively researched as one of the most hazardous materials to human health in the past century. Despite its universal recognition as a challenging problem, the topic is unfortunately not widely discussed in our country. However, the city authority of Skopje has undertaken a significant campaign focused on identifying and removing asbestos-containing materials from various buildings in the city. This initiative represents the largest effort of its kind in the country thus far. The campaign involved the development of methodologies and the analysis of samples collected from different buildings in Skopje. A systematic analysis was conducted on 50 samples collected from 21 public buildings in Skopje, utilizing techniques such as optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the presence of asbestos in 33 of the analyzed samples. Notably, asbestos was not detected in only two buildings. These findings indicate that asbestos is present in the building materials of practically all the inspected structures, suggesting its likely presence in many other buildings within the city and throughout the country. Of particular concern is the confirmed presence of asbestos in kindergartens, as this exposes the young population to potential asbestos-related health risks.
An Approach Related to Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: CHESCA ANTONELLA
Published: July 2024

Stem cells can be used in cellular therapy. This happended in order to replace damaged cells or having aim to regenerate organs. The definition of stem cells can be extended. From this point of view, we can mention taking in consideration the idea in which it is known that these cells form the base of the building body. More than, we can mention that stem cells are characterized by two knowing properties namely differentiation and self renewal. Based on the observation that differentiation of adult stem cells into specific derivative scan be controlled by laboratory techniques, it is anticipated that adult stem cells may become the basis of therapies for many, and various types of medical conditions. Taking on stem cells, regenerative medicine (RM) it is known as being one of the hottest topics in biotechnology nowadays. From this purpose, stem cells can be used in regenerative medicine (RM). The principles of regeneration are found in different types of cultures, from long time ago. As an interdisciplinary field of research, regenerative medicine, play a great role in tissues and organs damaged reparation with a higher potential in transplantation if necessary.
A Terpenoid-Rich Fraction of Inula viscosa: Its Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anticancerous Effects Against Human Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Seglab Fatiha , Abou Assali Mazen , AlYafei Thoraya , Hassan Hassan , Pinto Diana C.G.A , Baydoun Safa , Al Thani Asma A. , Shaito Abdullah A.
Published: July 2024

Inula viscosa is a widely used plant in traditional Mediterranean and Middle Eastern medicine for various illnesses. I. viscosa has been shown to have anticancerous effects against various cancers, but its effects against lung cancer have been under limited investigation. At the same time, I. viscosa is rich in terpenoids whose anti-lung cancer effects have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine the potential anticancerous properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts of stems and leaves of I. viscosa and its terpenoid-rich fraction against human lung cancer A549 cells. Results showed a high radical scavenging capacity and polyphenol and flavonoid contents of I. viscosa methanolic rather than aqueous extracts. In addition, leaves methanolic extracts (IVLM) showed the highest reduction in viability of A549 cells among all the extracts. IVLM also reduced the viability of human ovarian SK-OV-3, breast MCF-7, liver HepG2, and colorectal HCT116 cancer cells. A terpenoid-rich I. viscosa fraction (IVL DCM), prepared by liquid-liquid separation of IVLM in dichloromethane (DCM), displayed a substantial reduction in the viability of A549 cells (IC50= 27.8 ± 1.5 µg/mL at 48 h) and the panel of tested cancerous cell lines but was not cytotoxic to normal human embryonic fibroblasts (HDFn). The assessment of IVL DCM phytochemical constituents using GC-MS analysis revealed 21 metabolites, highlighting an enrichment in terpenoids, such as lupeol and its derivatives, caryophyllene oxide, betulin, and isopulegol, known to exhibit proapoptotic, and antimetastatic functions. IVL DCM also showed robust antioxidant capacity and decent polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis indicated that IVL DCM reduced proliferation (reduction of proliferation marker Ki67 and induction of proliferation inhibitor proteins P21 and P27), contaminant with P38 MAP kinase activation, and induced the intrinsic apoptotic pathway (P53/BCL2/BAX/ Caspase3/PARP) in A549 cells. IVL DCM also reduced the migration of A549 cells, potentially by reducing FAK activation. Future identification of anticancer metabolites of IVL DCM, especially terpenoids, is recommended. These data place I. viscosa as a new resource of herbal anticancer agents.
The Role of Trust in Supplier Relationships: Perspectives from Procurement Professionals
Authors: Cooper Mason
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study explores the pivotal role of trust in supplier relationships from the perspectives of procurement professionals. Through in-depth interviews with diverse industry stakeholders, the research examines the multifaceted nature of trust, its antecedents, dynamics, challenges, and strategic implications within modern supply chain management. Trust is conceptualized as a cornerstone that fosters collaborative exchanges, mitigates risks, and enhances organizational resilience in a competitive global marketplace. Findings highlight key factors influencing trust formation, including effective communication, ethical conduct, relationship history, transparency, and cultural alignment. Challenges such as perceived opportunism, communication breakdowns, and regulatory compliance issues are identified as barriers requiring proactive management strategies. Strategies for building and maintaining trust emphasize proactive engagement, transparent decision-making, performance evaluation, mutual benefit alignment, and effective conflict management. The study further explores the impact of trust on procurement decisions, supplier performance, innovation capabilities, cost efficiencies, and long-term sustainability. Practically, the research underscores the importance of integrating trust-building initiatives into supplier relationship management strategies to optimize operational efficiencies, foster innovation, and achieve sustainable growth. By aligning procurement practices with supplier capabilities and market dynamics, organizations can navigate complexities, seize opportunities, and enhance strategic partnerships that drive mutual value creation. Future research directions include exploring emerging trends such as digitalization, sustainability, and ethical considerations in trust-based supply chain interactions.
Aeromonas Infections in Humans. Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment Options
Authors: Calvo Sánchez Noelia , Sancha Domínguez Laura , Cotos Suárez Ana , Muñoz Bellido Juan Luis
Published: July 2024

The genus Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments. It is frequent as a fish pathogen, but has also been described associated to human infections. Most human cases are caused by A. caviae, A. veronii biovar sobria, and A. hydrophila, though A. dhakensis is becoming increasingly important. Transmission happens primarily by ingestion or contact with aquatic collections, or by consumption of contaminated food, especially of aquatic origin. Increasing resistance has been described in Aeromonas to penicillins, including their combinations with classical b-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins and carbapenems. Among the b-lactam antibiotics, only the 4th generation cephalosporins remain almost uniformly active. In addition, the simultaneous presence of resistance genes to 3rd generation cephalosporins and carbapenems in the same isolates is increasing. Recently, the presence of mobile genes linked to colistin resistance has also been described, in some cases with resistance percentages higher than 30%. Most likely, this evolution of colistin resistance is linked to its use in aquaculture, and, together with the evolution of b-lactam resistance, may be turning this genus into a reservoir of resistance genes that may affect other species much more frequently linked to human infections, such as Enterobacterales.
Development of a Metaverse Art Gallery of Image Chronicles (MAGIC) for Healthcare Education: A Digital Health Humanities Approach to Patients’ Medication Experiences
Authors: Yap Kevin Yi-Lwern , Ho Jayen , Toh Phylaine Shu-Ting
Published: July 2024

Art therapy fosters emotional healing and growth. This process can offer healthcare professionals (HCPs) novel insights into patients’ medication experiences. We developed a Metaverse Art Gal-lery of Image Chronicles (MAGIC), which depicted patients’ medication experiences symbolically as hero-villain portrayals. This gallery aimed to enhance healthcare students’ learning through re-latable insights into patients’ medication therapies. A character sheet was used to craft patients’ personifications of their medication experiences. ChatGPT, NightCafe, Canva, HeyGen and Cam-tasia were used to generate hero-villain portraits based on the character traits and mounted in MAGIC, which consisted of three virtual realms, each with a unique theme. Alpha-testing among sixteen Generation Z healthcare learners indicated that the content in MAGIC enabled them to understand the concepts of medication adherence (93.7%), art therapy (87.5%) and how patients related to their medications (81.3%). Perceived playfulness (rs=0.925, p
Legal and Organizational Framework for the Use of Search and Rescue Dogs in Disasters: A Comparative Analysis between Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. , Miljković Nemanja
Published: July 2024

This study critically explores the legislative frameworks and national regulations of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia concerning the engagement, training, and responsibilities of search and rescue dogs and their handlers. The goal is to offer a thorough understanding of how these dogs and their handlers are engaged, trained, and managed in each country. By carefully analyzing the legal foundations, the study aims to clarify the rights, duties, and responsibilities of all parties involved, ensuring that search and rescue dog deployments are conducted within a structured and lawful framework. Such an understanding is crucial for improving disaster management and ensuring a coordinated response to various emergencies. The findings reveal that although each country has strong legal provisions for deploying search and rescue dogs, there are significant differences in the detail and scope of these regulations. Slovenia is notable for its detailed guidelines, regular evaluations, and licensing processes, setting a high standard. Croatia benefits from strong institutional support and active international collaboration, which greatly enhances its disaster response capabilities. On the other hand, Serbia, despite having a solid foundational framework, could improve by better coordinating with non-governmental organizations and aligning more closely with international standards. Key areas for improvement include harmonizing standards, enhancing training programs, increasing public awareness, better resource allocation, and adopting new technologies. By addressing these issues, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia can further strengthen their legal and institutional frameworks, ensuring their search and rescue teams are better prepared for disasters. This study emphasizes the need for continuous improvement through collaboration, standardization, and innovation to maximize the effectiveness of search and rescue operations involving dogs.
Advances in Structural Health Monitoring: Bio-Inspired Optimization Techniques and Vision-Based Monitoring System For Damage Detection Using Natural Frequency
Authors: Jung Minkyu , Koo Jiyeon , Choi Andrew Jaeyong
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces the improvements in the natural frequency based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) by applying bio-inspired optimization methods and the vision-based monitoring system for the effective damage detection. This paper proposes a natural frequency extraction method using the motion magnification based vision monitoring system with bio-inspired optimization techniques to estimate the damage location and depth in a cantilever beam. The proposed optimization techniques are inspired by natural processes and biological evolution including Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Sea Lion Optimization, and Coral Reefs Optimization. To verify the performances of each bio-inspired optimization methods, the eigenvalues of a two-bay truss structure are used for estimating the damaged elements. Then, using the proposed video motion magnification method, the natural frequency for each of undamaged and damaged cantilever beam have been extracted and compared with the LDV sensor to verify the proposed vision-based monitoring system. The performance of each bio-inspired optimizer for the damage detection has been compared. As a result, Coral Reefs Optimization has showed the lowest average error, around 1%, in the damage detection using natural frequency.
Transforming Education Through AI Benefits
Risks and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Zaman Budee U iu
Published: July 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has the potential
to revolutionize traditional teaching and learning methods. AI can
offer personalized learning experiences, streamline administrative tasks,
enhance feedback mechanisms, and provide robust data analysis. Numerous
studies have demonstrated the positive impact of AI on both student
outcomes and teacher efficiency. However, caution must be exercised
when implementing AI in education, considering potential risks and ethical
dilemmas. It is essential to use AI as a tool to support human educators
rather than replace them entirely. The adoption of AI in education
holds the promise of creating more inclusive and effective learning environments,
catering to students of diverse backgrounds and abilities. As
AI technology continues to advance, the education sector can anticipate
even more innovative applications, further shaping the future of learning.
This abstract provides an overview of the multifaceted landscape of AI in
education, highlighting its potential benefits, associated challenges, and
the importance of responsible integration.
The Potential of DC Immunotherapy in Improving Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jonny Jonny , Sitepu Enda Cindylosa , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Chiuman Linda , Putranto Terawan Agus
Published: July 2024

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a common complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and a major risk factor for end-stage kidney disease. The immune system plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of DKD, involving infiltration of immune cells in the kidney, upregulation of in-flammatory mediators, downregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators, and disturbance in ad-hesion molecules and growth factors. Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells acting as a bridge connecting innate and adaptive immune responses. DC is also capable of modulating inflammation. Autologous dendritic cells can be made by in vitro differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes and then utilized as a cell-based therapy. Cell-based therapy for DKD is currently focused on utilizing the anti-inflammatory properties of stem cells. However, research suggests unsatisfactory results due to several limitations. This article highlights the possibility of using DC as a cell-based therapy for DKD through its role in controlling inflammation.
UCM-NetV2 and BNN-UCM-NetV2: Efficient and Accurate Deep Learning Models for Skin Lesion Segmentation on Mobile Devices
Authors: Yuan Chunyu , Zhao Dongfang , Agaian Sos S.
Published: July 2024

Accurate segmentation of skin lesions from dermoscopic images is crucial for early skin cancer detection, yet variations in lesion appearance and image artifacts present challenges. This study proposes two deep learning models, UCM-NetV2 and BNN-UCM-NetV2, to improve accuracy and computational efficiency. UCM-NetV2 enhances the UCM-Net architecture with a novel "cyber-structure" combining Multilayer Perceptron and CNN layers, improving prediction accu-racy without increasing the model's parameter count. BNN-UCM-NetV2 further optimizes for mobile deployment by binarizing activations and weights into 1-bit values, reducing computa-tional complexity and model size. Evaluations on the ISIC2017 and ISIC2018 datasets demonstrate that UCM-NetV2 outperforms existing methods in both accuracy and computational efficiency, achieving this with less than 0.04 GFLOPs. These models have the potential to make skin lesion analysis accessible to a broader population, particularly in resource-limited settings, allowing for proactive skin health monitoring and facilitating teledermatology. To foster further innovation in mobile health diagnostics, the source code for UCM-NetV2 will be available on GitHub: https://github.com/chunyuyuan/UCMV2-Net.
Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Study of Traditional Classifiers and Deep Learning Techniques to Analyze Functional Connectivity Measures from a Multicentric Dataset
Authors: Mainas Francesca , Golosio Bruno , Retico Alessandra , Oliva Piernicola
Published: July 2024

Investigation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with machine learning (ML) techniques, including also deep learning (DL) methods, have been widely used to study Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This disorder is characterized by symptoms that affect the individual’s behavioral aspects and social relationships. Early diagnosis is crucial for intervention, but the complexity of ASD poses challenges for treatment development. This study compares traditional ML techniques with deep learning (DL) methods in the analysis of functional connectivity measures obtained from the time series of multicentric ABIDE dataset. Specifically, Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers, with both linear and Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernels, as well as eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifiers, are compared against the TabNet classifier, which is a DL architecture customized for tabular data analysis and a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). The findings suggest that DL classifiers may not be optimal for the type of data analyzed, as their performance trails behind that of standard classifiers. SVMs achieve performances, in terms of AUC, around 75%, compared to the best TabNet and MLP results, which are 65% and 71%, respectively. Additionally, this work investigates the brain regions that contribute most to the classification task, which are found to be those primarily responsible for sensory and spatial perception, as well as attention modulation, known to be altered in ASD.
Dependence of Cucumber Productivity and Nutrient Uptake on the Composition of the Growing Media and Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Čepulienė Rita , Butkevičienė Lina Marija , Steponavičienė Vaida
Published: July 2024

:Peat substrate is made from peat from drained peatlands, which is a limited resource. A realistic estimate is that 50% of the world’s wetlands have been lost. Peat is used in horticulture, especially for the cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses. The consequences of peatland exploitation are an in-crease in the greenhouse effect and a decrease in carbon stocks. Wood fiber can be used as an al-ternative to peat. The chemical properties of the growing media interact and change continuously due to the small volume of the growing media, which is limited by the growing container. This study aims to gain new knowledge on the impact of nutrient changes in the microbial degradation of carbon compounds in wood fiber and mixtures with peat substrate on the content and uptake of nutrients required by plants. Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) variety “Dirigent H” developed in the Netherlands, were cultivated in growing media of peat substrate and wood fiber: (1) peat substrate (PS); (2) wood fiber (WF); (3) wood fiber and peat substrate 50/50 v/v (WF/PS 50/50); (4) wood fiber and peat substrate 25/75 v/v (WF/PS 25/75). The rates of fertilization were the following: (1) con-ventional fertilization (CF); (2) N13; (3) N23; (4) N30. The experiment was carried out in three repli-cations. As the amount of wood fiber increased, the humidity and pH of the growing medium in-creased. Fertilization of cucumbers with different rates of nitrogen influenced the nutrient uptake. Plants grown in 50/50 and 25/75 growing media had the best Cu uptake when fertilized with N23. When the plants grown in the wood fiber media and the 50/50 media were fertilized with N13, N23, and N30, the Mn content in the growing media at the end of the growing season was significantly lower than the Mn content in the media with conventional fertilization. Thus, nitrogen improved the uptake of Mn by plants grown not only in the wood fiber but also in combinations with peat sub-strate. Growing plants in wood fiber and fertilizing them with N13 can result in optimum uptake of micronutrients. The number and mass of cucumber fruits per plant were influenced by the amount of wood fiber in the growing media and the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest number of fruits and mass of fruits per plant was obtained significantly higher when cucumbers were grown on WF/PS 50/50 growing media with additional N13 fertilization.
Automated Photogrammetric Tool for Landslide Recognition and Volume Calculation Using Time-Lapse Imagery
Authors: Zhipeng Liang , Gabrieli Fabio , Pol Antonio , Brezzi Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

Digital photogrammetry has attracted widespread attention in the field of geotechnical and geological survey due to its low-cost, ease of use and contactless mode. In this work, with the purpose of studying the progressive block surficial detachments of a landslide we developed a monitoring system based on fixed multi-view time-lapse cameras. Thanks to a new-developed photogrammetric algorithm based on the comparison of photo sequences through a structural similarity metric and the computation of the disparity map of two convergent views we can quickly detect the occurrence of collapse events, determine their location and calculate the collapse volume. With the field data obtained at the Perarolo landslide site (Belluno Province, Italy), we have preliminary tested the effectiveness of the algorithm and its accuracy in the volume calculation. The method of quickly and automatically obtaining collapse information proposed in this paper can extend the potentials of landslide monitoring system based on videos or photo sequence and it will be of great significance for further research on the link between the frequency of collapse events and the driving factors.
Phage Anti-Pycsar Proteins Efficiently Degrade β-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Joshi Pallav , Krco Stefan , Davis Samuel J , Asser Lachlan , Brück Thomas , Soo Rochelle M , Bodén Mikael , Hugenholtz Philip , Wilson Liam A , Schenk Gerhard , Morris Marc T
Published: July 2024

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are members of the structurally conserved but functionally diverse MBL-fold superfamily of metallohydrolases. MBLs are a major concern for global health care as they efficiently inactivate β-lactam antibiotics, including the “last-resort” carbapenems, and no clinically suitable inhibitors are currently available. Increasingly, promiscuous β-lactamase activity is also observed in other members of the superfamily, including from viruses, which represents an underexplored reservoir for future pathways to antibiotic resistance. Here, two such MBL-fold enzymes from Bacillus phages, the cyclic mononucleotide-degrading proteins ApycGoe3 and ApycGrass, are shown to efficiently degrade β-lactam substrates in vitro. In particular, ApycGrass displays a distinct preference for carbapenem substrates with a catalytic efficiency that is within one order of magnitude of that of the clinically relevant MBL NDM-1. Mutagenesis experiments also demonstrate that the loss of a metal-bridging aspartate residue reduces nuclease activity up to 35-fold, but improves carbapenemase activity. In addition, we propose that the oligomeric state significantly influences β-lactamase activity by modifying access to the active site pocket. Together, these observations hint at a possible new avenue of resistance via the spread of phage-borne MBL-fold enzymes with β-lactamase activity.