bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Postoperative Outcomes in MRI-Negative Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients Using Dynamic Regional Homogeneity
Authors: hu jie , lu jie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study is motivated by the need for better predictive indexs for postoperative outcomes in MRI-negative refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Goal(s): To ascertain whether machine learning models using dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) can predict surgical success in these patients. Approach: The approach involved analyzing resting-state fMRI data from TLE patients and healthy controls, calculating ReHo and dReHo values, and applying these as features in a support vector machine classifier. Results: The classifier using dReHo achieved 73.3% accuracy in predicting postoperative outcomes, significantly outperforming the ReHo-based model. Impact: The ability to predict postoperative outcomes using dReHo could guide clinical decision-making and patient counseling, potentially leading to improved management of TLE.
Dual-level image and feature augmentation approach for improving radiomics performance in multisequence MRI meningioma grading
Authors: CAI Zongyou , Wong Lun , Wong Ye Heng , SO Tiffany
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Prediction of high-grade meningioma on preoperative MRI is essential in therapeutic planning and evaluation of prognosis. Goal(s): We seek to propose a data augmentation strategy to reduce class imbalance for model improvement. Approach: In this study, we propose a dual-level augmentation strategy incorporating image-level augmentation and feature-level augmentation to tackle class-imbalance and improve the predictive performance of radiomics for meningioma grading on multisequence MRI. Results: The radiomics models yields robust performance in 100 repetitions in 3-, 5-, and 10-fold cross-validation. In addition, our method significantly outperformed single-level augmentation (image or feature) or no augmentation in each cross-validation. Impact: As an effective and robust meningioma grading tool, our radiomics model has the potential to aid clinical decision making for a broader range of meningioma grades seen in practice, allowing for better radiomics-based pre-operative stratification and individualized patient management.
Robust, Semi-Automatic Detection of Vascular Input Function in Brain DCE-MRI
Authors: Palmér Alicia , Asplund Teo , Elliott Andrew , Svensson Stina , Chung Caroline
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In order to extract quantitative measures from perfusion imaging, pharmacokinetic models such as the (extended) Tofts are utilized. These models require contrast agent concentration in plasma to be estimated in a robust way for model fitting. Goal(s): Develop a method to measure the vascular input function in DCE-MRI brain scans based on superior sagittal sinus (SSS) values which is semi-automatic and robust to user input. Approach: Given a user selected seed point inside the SSS, image segmentation in combination with voxel-wise intensity analysis is used. Results: The method was shown to be robust towards user input in a small patient cohort. Impact: The presented method has the potential to improve the robustness of perfusion parameters, such as Ktrans, ve, and vp, making their usage as quantitative imaging biomarkers more feasible through a more consistent vascular input function definition.
Benchmarking a clinical analysis software tool for SAGE based DSC MRI
Authors: Choudhary Poonam , Semmineh Natenael , Jensen Todd , Dondlinger Timothy , Stokes Ashley , Quarles C.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To benchmark multi-echo based DSC-MRI SAGE sequence, a compelling alternative to single echo acquisition analysis tool that is targeted for clinical translation. Goal(s): Comparison of rCBV values derived from the two software (IB Neuro X2, in-house algorithm). Approach: We expanded a single-echo DSC-MRI brain tumor digital reference object (DRO) into an anthropomorphic phantom that recapitulates clinical DSC-MRI data structure and anatomy. Results: The rCBV values obtained from both softwares are strongly correlated. Impact: This study would potentially deliver a robust and reproducible post-processing tool for multi-site, multi-vendor SAGE-based DSC-MRI that can be used for clinical trials.
Aberrant Dynamic Functional Connectivity In Childhood Basic Intermittent Exotropia: an exploration in pathogenesis of visual center pathway
Authors: zhou Mengdi , Su Mengqi , Li Huixin , Zhang Xianchang , Shi Qinglei , Wang Renzhi , Wan Xiang , Liu Zhaohui
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To explore the pathogenesis and functional abnormalities in visual center pathway in children with basic intermittent exotropia and develop an accurate approach for early diagnosis. Goal(s): This study aims to uncover the neural basis of IXT by investigating the functional network alterations. Approach: We used dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analysis of resting state fMRI data to detect the brain network changes in IXT. Results: Decreased dFC Variance between the left primary visual cortex and the left intermediate visual cortex, between the right ocular motor cortex and the right intermediate visual cortex were found in IXT children compared with HCs. Impact: Our study was the first to investigate the dynamic brain network changes among primary visual cortex secondary visual cortex, and ocular motor cortex in IXT. This enhanced understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms underlying visual and oculomotor impairments in IXT children.
Shared and Unique Alterations of Large-Scale Network Connectivity in drug-naïve Adolescent-onset and Adult-onset Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Hou Ximan , Yu Aihong , Liu Rui , Zhou Yuan , Guan Lin , Chen Xu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The motivation is to explore the influence of onset age on large-scale brain networks in MDD patients. Goal(s): The purpose of this study is to explore the shared and unique alterations of large-scale network connectivity between adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD. Approach: This was a single-center cross-sectional study. Volunteers underwent R-fMRI scans. The 2×2 ANOVA was used to analyze the main effects of diagnosis, age and their interaction effect on FCs. Results: Adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD have shared and unique large-scale network alterations. The shared altered FCs included VN, LN, VN-DAN VN-LN and LN-DMN. The unique altered FCs included DAN and LN. Impact: Our findings provide the physiological mechanisms of adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD for improving clinical subtyping and treatment strategies. The results also suggested that when we explore biomarkers of MDD, we should include onset age as a consideration.
Unbiased validation of connectivity-based cohesive brain parcellation
Authors: Nemani Ajay , Lowe Mark
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cohesive parcellation provides optimal connectivity-based parcels for downstream brain modeling, but at the cost of high parcel count, making comparisons to traditional parcellations difficult. Goal(s): We aim to fairly compare parcellations across a wide array of parcel sizes and counts. Approach: rsfMRI of 18 healthy subjects were parcellated based on cohesion and evaluated with the distance-controlled boundary coefficient (DCBC), an unbiased metric that incorporates spatial features of parcels in addition to connectivity. Results: Cohesive parcellation compared favorably to traditional parcellations based on DCBC of rsfMRI. Impact: Using an unbiased metric (DCBC), we show that the utility of connectivity-based cohesive parcellation is not simply due to high parcel count.
What makes touch social: probing the brain mechanisms supporting affective touch with functional MRI in humans at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zamboni Elisa , Kennerley Aneurin , McStravick James , Sirri Louah
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Touch is the first sensory modality to develop. C-tactile (CT) nerves in hairy skin are involved in slow/gentle touch, and social interactions. However, brain mechanisms processing the affective aspects of touch remain under-studied. Goal(s): We characterised the network of brain regions supporting perception of affective touch. Approach: 11-volunteers underwent fMRI at clinically relevant 3T field strengths while their arm was gently brushed and compared with brushing to remove a marker. Results: We found a network of brain regions involved in affective touch processing including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Impact: This study characterises the brain network processing affective touch, critical given the central role of touch during development and its social function throughout the lifespan. It helps understanding brain responses in adults born pre-term, where experience of touch was interrupted/reduced.
Per voxel hemodynamic response estimation by sinusoid tracking
Authors: Law Christine , Pfyffer Dario , Kaptan Merve , Weber Ken , Mackey Sean , Glover Gary
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Sinusoid tracking has several important advantages over DFT to detect hemodynamic response (HRF). We propose only per voxel HRF estimation to detect activation. GLM globally assumes identical HRF over all voxels to detect activation. While the general contour of HRF is widely accepted, little is known about its variability in different brain regions. Goal(s): Determine activation and HRF across whole brain simultaneously. Approach: A periodic impulsive stimulus generates BOLD response. Sinusoid tracking returns seven-harmonic parameters required from BOLD signal. Results: HRF is reconstructed from these harmonics, and ratios of harmonic amplitudes define activation. Impact: A custom sinusoid tracking method, which (unlike windowed DFT) imposes no restriction on sample rate, stimulus task frequency, and record length, can detect hemodynamic response function and fMRI activation simultaneously per voxel across the whole brain.
Acute changes of cerebral hemodynamics, metabolism and blood-brain barrier permeability in response to aerobic exercise
Authors: Hu Yizhe , Shi Wen , Jiang Dengrong , Lu Hanzhang , Wu Dan , Lin Zixuan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: How does single bout of exercise affect brain oxygen metabolism and BBB permeability in addition to perfusion remains unclear. Goal(s): This study aims to dynamically monitor the acute changes in cerebral physiology subsequent to a singular aerobic exercise training sessionApproach: Multiple indices were quantified, including CBF as gauged by PC MRI, Yv and CMRO2 as assessed by TRUST MRI, BBB E and PS as determined via WEPCAST MRI. Results: We found a significant increase in participants' CBF and CMRO2 post-exercise, post-exercise stability in E and a significant increase in PS were also observed. Impact: Our findings suggest that a singular bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can induce acute alterations in cerebral hemodynamics, metabolic processes, and blood-brain barrier permeability.These findings may shed light on the initial stages of the clinical implications of aerobic exercise.
Repeatability of Cardiopulmonary Oscillations Imaged with 129Xe MRI
Authors: Lu Junlan , Leewiwatwong Suphachart , Du Kunyu , Zhang Shuo , Huang Yuh-Chin , Mummy David , Driehuys Bastiaan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Keyhole-based 129Xe MR imaging of cardiopulmonary oscillations is a promising technique, but repeatability has not been studied. Goal(s): To evaluate the repeatability of RBC oscillation amplitude metrics derived from 129Xe MRI across multiple time points and correlate these with dynamic spectroscopy measurements. Approach: A cohort of 21 participants underwent 129Xe gas exchange MRI and MRS scans using consortium protocols. Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis, with Spearman correlation for cross-modality comparisonResults: The study found repeatability to be high for mean oscillation amplitude but moderate for the binning-derived metrics. Image-derived mean oscillation amplitude correlated strongly to that derived from MRS. Impact: Analysis of 129Xe MRI cardiopulmonary oscillation metrics show moderate repeatability across same-session scans.
Exploring Regional Homogeneity and Functional Connectivity Changes following Contrast Agent Injection: A Pilot Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Jiang Li , Roys Steven , Tchoquess Rosy Linda Njonkou , Furman Andrew , Gullapalli Rao , Raghavan Prashant Raghavan , Zhuo Jiachen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Contrast agents are widely used to increase the contrast difference between normal and abnormal tissues. Existing literature primarily focuses on the structural and perfusion effects of CAs, leaving a knowledge gap regarding their potential functional repercussions. Goal(s): We aimed to explore the potential impact of CA administration on brain function. Approach: We applied a combination of regional homogeneity, ROI-to-ROI, and seed-to-voxel FC analyses to rs-fMRI data from five participants before and after CA injection. Results: Our ReHo analysis showed no significant changes of local connectivity pattern, while ROI-to-ROI and seed-to-voxel FC analyses did yield significant FC changes at network level after CA administration. Impact: Even though the small sample size, our findings may raise an intriguing possibility that CA may indeed have the potential to influence brain function, particularly when examined at a network level.
Influence of Contrast-Related MRI Pulse Parameters on Signal Enhancement by Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent in Post-Contrast MRI Sequences
Authors: Cho Eun Suk , Woo Seung Tae , Choi Jeong Min , Kim Joo Hee , Lee Jei Hee , Chung Jae-Joon
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The correlations between signal enhancement by gadolinium (Gd) complexes and pulse sequences or parameters are not well elucidated. Goal(s): To investigate the influence of repetition time (TR), echo time (TE), inversion time (TI) and flip angle (FA) on signal intensity corresponding to Gd concentration. Approach: Phantom containing various Gd concentration solutions was scanned using pulse sequences with various TR, TE, TI and FA. Results: Pulse sequences with longer TR and shorter TE increased signal intensity in lower and higher Gd concentrations, respectively. Application of longer TI and higher FA increased signal intensity at lower and higher Gd concentrations, respectively. Impact: Pulse sequences with long TR, long TI or low FA can improve SE in human tumor tissue with Gd concentrations less than 2 mM, while high FA is appropriate in high Gd concentration environments such as MR angiography.
Biophysical models on multi-parametric maps reveal brain tissue changes in molecular environments of iron and myelin in multiple sclerosis at 3T
Authors: Trang Henri , Chen Qianlan , Filo Shir , Mewes Darius , Chien Claudia , Hetzer Stefan , Anderhalten Lina , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Brandt Alexander , Mezer Aviv , Paul Friedemann
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative MRI is attractive for investigating pathological tissue changes, yet translation towards clinical research remains challenging. Goal(s): Our goal was to explore sensitivity of a fast quantitative multi-parametric mapping protocol combined with biophysical models at 3T to multiple sclerosis subtypes. Approach: We combined quantitative maps of magnetization transfer saturation, proton density, longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates with relaxivity approaches to disentangle water and macromolecular tissue driven changes and to identify MRI biomarkers of focal and diffuse demyelination or inflammation. Results: We found significant alterations in white matter and lesions of surrogates for myelin and iron compared to controls and worsening with disease severity. Impact: A fast quantitative multi-parameter mapping protocol combined with biophysical models based on in vivo relaxivity approaches in multiple sclerosis at 3T is sensitive to brain tissue alterations in patients, suggesting disease-specific demyelination and inflammation. An association with disability suggests disease-relevance.
Ferumoxytol Dose Optimization for 3D Whole-Heart Congenital Heart Disease Imaging: Comparison Across Three Dosing Regimens.
Authors: El Jerbi Aya , Hussain Tarique , Dzelebdzic Sanja
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Ferumoxytol is becoming more widely used as a contrast agent, yet the optimum dose for use in cardiac MRI remains unknown. Goal(s): To evaluate whether reducing the contrast dose to 2 or 1mg/kg will affect the image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Approach: Forty-five patients with complex congenital heart disease had a 3D-IR-SSFP sequence performed at two different ferumoxytol doses. Twenty were in the ferumoxytol 1 vs. 2 mg/kg group, and twenty-five in the 2 vs. 3 mg/kg group. Results: There was no significant difference in the RCA image quality score, RCA length, diagnostic accuracy nor CNR with the use of the reduced dosing. Impact: Using reduced ferumoxytol dosing (1 or 2mg/kg), may lead to comparable image quality and diagnostic performance. The use of 2mg/kg lowers blood-T1 time to the extent that systolic imaging should not be precluded with the current 3D-IR Whole Heart Sequences.
Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis in Epilepsy using GRAPPATINI T2-relaxometry
Authors: Vaughan David , Pierre Eric , Lindenmayer Loren , Capon Aaron , Tailby Chris , Abbott David , Pardoe Heath , Jackson Graeme
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Detecting hippocampal sclerosis (HS) makes effective surgical treatment a possibility for people with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, use of conventional hippocampal T2 relaxometry has been hampered by long acquisition times and complex post-processing. Goal(s): To apply GRAPPATINI, an accelerated acquisition and T2 map reconstruction method, in the Australian Epilepsy Project for improved detection of HS. Approach: Prospective observational cohort study in 206 people with epilepsy and 69 controls. Results: GRAPPATINI hippocampal T2 values showed low variance in healthy controls, and marked increases with HS at the group-level. Inclusion in a binary classifier improved detection of HS over using volumetric data alone. Impact: Measurement of hippocampal T2 in people with epilepsy, using GRAPPATINI and automated processing, enables improved quantitative assessment of hippocampal sclerosis. This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential additive benefit of this method in a real-world clinical population.
Technical Advances of T1 Relaxation-Enhanced Steady-State (T1RESS) Sequences with Radial Acquisition for Contrast-Enhanced Examination
Authors: Zi Ruoxun , Edelman Robert R , Maier Christoph , Keerthivasan Mahesh , Lattanzi Riccardo , Block Kai Tobias
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Sequences from the T1RESS family offer increased lesion conspicuity in contrast-enhanced brain examinations. Recently, radial variants have been developed to improve motion robustness. Goal(s): To enable broader clinical utilization of radial T1RESS sequences. Approach: Dynamic imaging is enabled through combination with GRASP reconstruction. Fat/water separation is achieved by integrating the multi-echo Dixon technique. Further scan acceleration is achieved by applying 1D GRAPPA along the kz dimension. Results: The proposed extensions are demonstrated for brain imaging at 3T in volunteers and patients, revealing dynamic lesion-enhancement patterns, successful fat/water separation, and supplementary scan acceleration with comparable quality and lesion conspicuity. Impact: The proposed technical extensions of radial stack-of-stars T1RESS sequences, including dynamic reconstruction, fat/water separation, and parallel imaging, will enable broader clinical utilization of this novel sequence family and may result in noticeably improved sensitivity for lesion detection throughout the body.
Deep learning-based scrubbing of fMRI data and its applications on delineating infant brain functional development trajectories
Authors: Tang Haifeng , Liang Yan , Cai Xinyi , Guo Lianghu , Liu Mianxin , Zhang Weijia , Huang Jiawei , Yang Qing , Shen Dinggang , Zhan Han
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Noise and artifacts significantly corrupt fMRI data. Goal(s): It has a significant potential in enhancing research outcomes for challenging populations like children and older subjects whose data prone to have noise, facilitating reliable fMRI studies. Approach: We present a deep learning-based Automatic fMRI Scrubbing via Graph Attention (ASGA), to perform fMRI data “scrubbing” by automatically identifying and removing contaminated volumes. To achieve this, we firstly design an easy-to-implement carpet plot-based labeling tool for human labelling, which is fed to ASGA model training. By applying ASGA to two large-cohort studies (BCP and CBCP). Results: our method effectively removed noise-contaminated volumes without human interference. Impact: Compared to other fMRI data censoring approaches, ASGA is automatic, targeting on general noise and artifacts, can better enhance fMRI analysis accuracy and research outcomes, especially useful for challenging populations such as children, older subjects, and patients.
Improving Coil Setup and Data Processing Strategies for Concurrent (f)MRI and Brain-Stimulation Studies
Authors: Burke Michael , Xiong Yiwu , Melo Lorena , Takahashi Kuri , Chiappini Emilio , Genc Erhan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In concurrent MRI-brain-stimulation studies various coil setups are used which show either limited access or limited spatial signal coverage. Goal(s): Our goal is to come up with an optimized coil setup and data processing strategy that allow for open access to the head while maintaining whole brain imaging capabilities. Approach: Three commonly used coil setups (head array, wrapped body array, TMS surface coil) where used and spatial signal homogenization as well as multi-echo fMRI postprocessing strategies were applied. Results: By comparing various data processing strategies we were able to improve similarity of activation patterns across the different coil setups used. Impact: Our results will help to improve researchers to chose optimized data acquistion and postprocessing strategies for whole brain and network based fMRI studies in concurrent brain-stimulation and MRI investigations.
Improved fat suppression of cervical spine T2 weighted TSE images using enhanced slice-selective gradient reversal (enhanced LIPO)
Authors: Murayama Daichi , Yoneyama Masami , Sakai Takayuki , Ball Iain , Ochi Shigehiro
Published: November 2024

Motivation: CHESS and its derivative SPIR hybrid techniques are nonuniform fat suppression occurs farther away from the isocenter of B0. These effects are common in the cervical spine and other cervical regions. Goal(s): We hypothesized that using LIPO-Only (LION) technique can be extended for T2-TSE with further optimization to increase the robustness of fat suppression. Approach: CR was calculated with ROIs placed on the spinal cord and vertebral intravital fat where fat suppression failure is most likely to occur. SNR were calculated with ROIs placed in spinal cord. Results: Combining T2-TSE with enhanced LION improves the robustness of fat suppression. Impact: These results suggested that enhanced LION T2-TSE improved the robustness of fat suppression and possible to maintain SNR equivalent to the conventional SPAIR T2-TSE. Further investigation is needed to improve the SNR with enhanced LIPO TSE.
Conical readouts in free-running 3D bSSFP imaging
Authors: Nicoletti Martin , Roy Christopher , Yerli Jérôme , Ferincz Robin , Milani Bastien , Stuber Matthias , Tous Cyril
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The 3D radial golden angle phyllotaxis pattern integrated into the Free Running framework, supports 5D imaging of the heart during free breathing and without the need for an ECG or navigators. However, it inherently oversample low k-space frequencies with sparser coverage at the periphery of k-space. Goal(s): Our proposed approach relies on the same phyllotaxis pattern but substitutes the radial readout with spiral sections, enhancing high-frequency sampling, and reduces the overall number of radial readouts needed. Approach: We formulated the cone equations to account for un-aliasing and hardware limitations and validated our method by simulating bSSFP acquisition. Results: We obtained improved image quality. Impact: 3D spirals span a broader extent of k-space compared to radial readouts and allow for a higher sampling density at the periphery of k-space. This may help support higher spatial resolution, reduced noise, and improved image quality.
fMRI in Patients with Implanted Electrodes: Understanding and Mitigating Imaging Artifacts
Authors: Weldemeskel Iskindir , LeVan Pierre
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Model susceptibility-induced signal degradation in fMRI in patients with implanted electrodes and reduce imaging artifacts across electrodes. Goal(s): Develop a model to understand and mitigate susceptibility effects due to implanted electrodes in fMRI. Approach: Model electrode (platinum sphere) and brain activation contrast (cylinders representing blood vessels) at 3T. Calculate intravoxel dephasing and assess the impact of the electrode on signal amplitude and activation contrast. Investigate the impact of echo times on signal loss. Results: Key findings reveal signal enhancement with increased distance from the electrode and reduced contrast loss with shorter echo times. Impact: This research could redefine future functional diagnostics in patients with implanted electrodes such as epilepsy or Parkinson’s disease patients, leading to more precise surgical interventions and improved patient care. Mitigating susceptibility-induced image artifacts will impact neuroscience research and clinical applications.
Silent Looping Star fMRI with enhanced Encoding and Reconstruction Performance
Authors: Solana Ana Beatriz , Fernandez Brice , Damestani Nikou , Wood Tobias , Williams Steven , Wiesinger Florian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Silent Looping Star fMRI offers unique advantages for neuroscience investigation, but image quality is affected by undersampling artifacts. Goal(s): Here, we describe novel methods for improving the spatiotemporal encoding efficiency of Looping Star and thereby further advance its utility for silent fMRI. Approach: A new Looping Star encoding scheme which adds extra out-of-plane oscillations and thereby improves overall encoding efficiency is introduced and combined with auto-calibrated cgSENSE parallel imaging reconstruction. Results: The sharpest, most intensity uniform images and lowest background noise are demonstrated by the combination of both enhancements while maintaining BOLD sensitivity in a simultaneous, combined visual and auditory fMRI task. Impact: The combination of a new trajectory and auto-calibrated parallel imaging leads to sharper and more uniform silent fMRI images with reduced streaking artifacts as demonstrated visually and on a visual-auditory fMRI task.
Using PINS pulses to investigate Inflow effects in SE-BOLD fMRI at 3T and 7T
Authors: Hodono Shota , Wu Chia-Yin , Polimeni Jonathan , Cloos Martijn
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Most fMRI techniques infer neuronal activity from signal changes created by a complex interplay between hemodynamics and sequence design parameters. Goal(s): Investigate inflow effects in SE-BOLD fMRI signals at different field strengths and resolutions. Approach: We placed PINS pulses to saturate the magnetization in all slice gaps. By turning them on or off, inflow contributions to the SE-BOLD signal were modulated. Both 3- and 1.5-mm data were collected using a visual stimulation paradigm at 3T and 7T. Results: Inflow contributions to SE-BOLD varied by field strength and partial voluming effects. Even at 7T, non-negligible inflow contributions were observed. Impact: Saturating the magnetization in slice-gaps allows investigation of inflow effects in SE-BOLD fMRI. Low-resolution 3T-data revealed differences in onset timing. Comparing low- and high-resolution 7T-data with and without slice-gap saturation, increased resolution retained more activation, suggesting reduced sensitivity to inflow.
Evaluation of diffusion functional magnetic resonance imaging for spatial specificity of brain activation in response to visual stimulation
Authors: Kida Ikuhiro
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Addressing the uncertainty of dfMRI's spatial specificity compared to BOLD-fMRI, considering the influence of perfusion and potential for more localized brain activation mapping. Goal(s): To evaluate whether six-directional MPG dfMRI enhances the localization of brain activity in response to visual stimulation versus standard BOLD-fMRI. Approach: Employed high-resolution 7T MRI with dfMRI and BOLD protocols, analyzing data with advanced pre-processing and statistical methods to compare spatial activation patterns. Results: dfMRI demonstrated more confined activation regions, especially at higher b-values, suggesting improved spatial specificity, although complete isolation from BOLD-fMRI's T2* changes remains challenging. Impact: Enhanced dfMRI specificity could refine our understanding of neural activity patterns, crucial for advancing cognitive neuroscience and developing targeted brain-based interventions.
Perturbation of intrinsic oscillatory modes by focal ischemic stroke in rats
Authors: Alves Rita , Cabral Joana , Shemesh Noam
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The biophysical mechanisms underlying changes in functional connectivity upon stroke remain unclear. Goal(s): The present study aims at investigating how disrupting a specific and well-localized cortical area modulates spontaneous long-range functional connectivity. Approach: A novel approach based on intrinsic oscillatory modes exhibiting stationary wave pattern features was used to provide insight into the organizing principles underpinning spontaneous long-range FC. Results: The presented intrinsic mode framework revealed global reorganization following local disruption with enhancement of corticostriatal activity in stroke. Impact: Our findings provide an important insight augur well for better understanding of neural network reorganization.
Implementation of mpMRI Habitat Risk Scoring System in Prostate Cancer Biopsy Acquisition Improves the Yield of Significant Cancer.
Authors: Breto Adrian , Punnen Sanoj , Abramowitz Matthew , Stoyanova Radka
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The accurate localization and assessment of aggressiveness in patients with prostate cancer is key to appropriate treatment, especially radiation therapy (RT) planning. Goal(s): To evaluate the performance of a Habitat Risk Scoring (HRS) system in MRI/Ultrasound-fused biopsy of prostate cancer at the time of the fiducial marker placement prior to RT. Approach: The yield of significant prostate cancer biopsy findings under HRS guidance was compared with alternative standard techniques. Results: Patients from the Miami BLaStM trial were analyzed with and without HRS guidance. The biopsies obtained through HRS guidance yielded more clinically significant cancer. Impact: The implementation of the Habitat Risk Scoring (HRS) system in transperineal platform for MRI-US biopsies significantly improved the delineation of aggressive cancer. These volumes are integral to the safe delivery of focal escalated radiation doses.
Retrospectively quantified T2 detects prostate cancer progression in patients undergoing active surveillance
Authors: Sun Haoran , Wang Lixia , Daskivich Timothy , Qiu Shihan , Han Fei , D'Agnolo Alessandro , Saouaf Rola , Lo Eric , Christodoulou Anthony , Kim Hyung , Li Debiao , Xie Yibin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multiparametric MRI as a widespread tool for AS management has limitations of diagnostic dilemma and inconsistency in identifying pathologic reclassification. Goal(s): To further investigate the added value of estimated T2 maps generated by deep learning network on AS. Approach: Retrospectively estimated T2 maps from T1WI and T2WI using a trained deep learning network. Quantitative analysis was performed on the same lesion ROIs of the estimated T2 maps on baseline and follow-up for progression differentiations. Results: The estimated T2 is consistent with the intensity level of the prostate tumor. T-test results verified the significant difference of the mean T2 values between processor and non-progressor. Impact: The estimated T2 information derived from standard clinical MRI has the potential for more accurate PCa progression detection.
A multi-modality model for predicting postoperative biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer based on whole slide images and bi-parametric MRI
Authors: Hu Chenhan , Qiao Xiaomeng , Bao Jie , Wang Ximing , Song Yang , Hu Chenhan , Hu Chenhan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Prostate cancer (PCa) biochemical recurrence (BCR) following prostatectomy (RP) is correlated with a higher risk of distant metastasis, local recurrence, and even PCa-specific deathGoal(s): To develop and validate a machine learning multi-modality model based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgical whole-slide images (WSIs) and clinical variables for predicting PCa BCR following RP. Approach: Radiomics signature and pathomics signature were constructed using preoperative MRI and surgical WSI, respectively. A multi-modality model was constructed by combining radiomics signature, pathomics signature and clinical factors. Results: The multi-modality model exhibited the best predictive efficacy, which is significantly higher than all single-modality models. Impact: Our research could provide an innovative and useful tool for facilitating precision decision-making and personalized treatment in PCa patients. Future studies could utilizing deep learning to analyses mpMRI and WSIs.
Feasibility of Local Stiffness Measurement for Intracranial Arteries Using Time-resolved 3D Black-blood Cine MRI
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Hashemizadeh Kazem , Hou Xiangjian , Zhang Kaiyu , Akcicek Halit , Zeng Larry , Tuday Eric , Balu Niranjan , Yuan Chun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Local stiffness of intracranial arteries may provide regional assessment of vessel changes and information about vessel pathologies, but so far there is no reliable method to measure it. Goal(s): To propose a black-blood MRI technique with submillimeter isotropic resolution and multiple cardiac phases, and to explore its feasibility of measuring local stiffness of intracranial arteries. Approach: A novel time-resolved 3D black-blood cine MRI was proposed combining MERGE, golden-angle radial, retrospective gating, and GRASP reconstruction. MOCHA pipeline was used to measure cardiac-driven lumen changes. Results: Images obtained with our proposed technique can capture cardiac-driven lumen area changes that are essential for local stiffness measurement. Impact: The proposed method, after validation, can serve as a unique local stiffness measurement tool for intracranial arteries that will highly benefit vascular imaging studies.
Interleaved Flow-Sensitive Dephasing: Towards Enhanced Blood Flow Suppression and Preserved T1 Weighting and Overall Signals in 3D TSE Imaging
Authors: Kong Qingle , Xiao Jiayu , Chen Junzhou , Chen Yang , Khatibi Kasra , Mack William , Lerner Alexander , Ye Jason , Cen Steven , Kim Paul E , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The intrinsic “black-blood (BB)” property in 3D TSE is insufficient for vessel wall imaging and other neuroimaging applications. Additional blood suppression preparations can diminish T1 weighting and SNR. Goal(s): To develop and validate a new approach compatible with 3D TSE to enhance BB effects while minimizing sacrifice in T1 weighting and overall SNR. Approach: An interleaved flow-sensitive dephasing scheme was developed, and verified in healthy volunteers and assessed in 32 patients with one of four neurological diseases. Results: iFSD-SPACE achieved the lowest lumen SNR and the highest wall-lumen CNR. iFSD-SPACE yielded significantly higher white-matter SNR and gray-to-white matter CNR than DANTE and MSDE. Impact: iFSD is a 3D TSE-compatible blood flow suppression technique that overcomes the limitations of existing BB magnetization preparation methods and holds the potential to greatly enhance the performance of 3D TSE in several neuroimaging applications.
High Lp(a) (Lipoprotein[a]) Is Associated with Wall Enhancement and Irregular Pulsation of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Zhang Jianjian , Li Xiao , Song Yang , Zhao Huilin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Atherosclerotic proteins have been implicated with inflammation and remodeling of aneurysm wall. Both aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) and irregular pulsation have been suggested as potential candidates for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) instability. Goal(s): To explore the association between atherosclerotic proteins and AWE and irregular pulsation. Approach: Using vessel wall MRI and four-dimensional computed tomography angiographyResults: We found higher level of serum Lp(a) (Lipoprotein[a]) was significantly associated with increased wall enhancement and irregular pulsation of IAs (both p<0.05)Impact: This study established a link between atherosclerotic proteins and AWE and irregular pulsation, inflammation and wall remodeling.
4D Flow Assessment for Reconstruction Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in Congenital Heart Disease Patients: New Hemodynamic Insights
Authors: Hu Liwei , Dong Wei , Ouyang Rongzhen , Guo Chen , Zhou Xiaoyue , Wang Qian , Yao Xiaofen , Zhong yumin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: 4D Flow Assessment for Reconstruction Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in Congenital Heart Disease Patients: New Hemodynamic Insights for Handmade Three-Valve Goretex ConduitGoal(s): 1) evaluate pulmonary valve regurgitation and the patency of the Goretex conduit using 4D flow CMR compare with controls. 2) assess the variation of advanced hemodynamic parameters of 2D axial WSS, 2D circumference WSS and EL in Gortex conduit. Approach: The CMR data was acquired from 12 healthy participants and 17 patients who were performed cine sequence in routine chamber view and 4D flow. Results: Hemodynamic changes were detected in patients with right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Impact: Further long-term evaluation is necessary for the changes in segmental WSS in MPA.
Noninvasive Assessment of Aortic Biomechanics using 4D Flow MRI in a Porcine Model of Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Gober Leah , Stellon Michael , Lamers Luke , Irrer Dana , Roldán-Alzate Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Aortic coarctation (COA) is a congenital heart disease that induces harmful structural cardiovascular changes. Operations to address COA have varying outcomes, leaving uncertainty as to whether maladaptive processes can be altered. Despite repair, patients have an increased risk of early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Goal(s): To utilize 4D Flow MRI to monitor and study the vascular biomechanics of aortic coarctation in a porcine modelApproach: In this pilot study, a porcine model of aortic coarctation was developed and underwent serial 4D flow MRI scans. Results: Treatment did not significantly alter quantitative metrics of aortic flow, velocity or collateralizationImpact: 4D Flow MRI provides a non-invasive method to evaluate a novel porcine model of aortic coarctation with resultant functional metrics that provide insight into the significant early remodeling and lack of early treatment efficacy in this patient population.
Cardiac MRI markers are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in neonates after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair
Authors: Mesropyan Narine , Kipfmueller Florian , Isaak Alexander , Kravchenko Dmitrij , Bischoff Leon , Mueller Andreas , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The triad of pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and early cardiac dysfunction has been postulated to be responsible for poor postnatal outcomes in congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair (CDH). Goal(s): This study was aimed to investigate whether MRI markers of cardiac dysfunction are associated with clinical outcomes in neonates after CDH. Approach: In this prospective study neonates after CDH repair underwent 3T cardiac MRI. Biventricular function/volumes, end-diastolic/end-systolic volumes, shunt fraction were assessed. The study cohort was binarized based on median RVEF (cutoff >54%) to compare clinical variables and outcome data between two groups. Results: MRI-derived parameters of RV-dysfunction were associated with short-term clinical outcomes. Impact: Cardiac MRI allows for objective and early assessment of cardiac dysfunction and, hence, might play an important role in risk stratification and clinical decision-making in neonates after CDH repair.
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals spontaneous neural oscillatory activity in cingulate cortex underlying transient rsfMRI network dynamics
Authors: Xie Linshan , Lin Xuehong , Wang Xunda , Wen Junjian , Ma Teng , Hu Jiahao , Cao Peng , Leong Alex , Wu Ed
Published: November 2024

Motivation: rsfMRI network dynamics are essential for cognitive processes, however, their underlying neural bases remain unclear. Goal(s): Here, we aim to examine the neural oscillatory events underlying the dynamic patterns of rsfMRI networks across the entire brain. Approach: We employed simultaneous EEG-fMRI to record brain-wide rsfMRI and neural signals at default mode network. Further, EEG events were identified and temporally matched with dynamic rsfMRI network states derived from a data-driven model. Results: Our results demonstrated robust associations between rsfMRI network dynamics and neural oscillatory events, especially slow oscillation-coupled spindle, gamma events and slow oscillation. Impact: Our results demonstrated the different effects of spontaneous neural oscillatory events (e.g., slow oscillation, spindle, and gamma) in default mode network underlying the dynamics of rsfMRI networks.
Optimising Functional Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (fQSM): The Effect of Multiband Acceleration and Absolute vs. Signed QSM
Authors: Nassar Jannette , Kiersnowski Oliver , Fuchs Patrick , Shmueli Karin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: fQSM has emerged as a complementary technique to fMRI but the effect of multiband acceleration factors is unknown. Some studies have used absolute QSM input but no systematic comparison has been performed. Goal(s): To investigate the impact of multiband factors on task-based fQSM activations and the effect of analysing absolute versus signed QSM. Approach: We compared fQSM with a visual stimulus for multiband factors 3 and 4, and for signed and absolute QSM inputs. Results: Increasing multiband factors reduced cluster sizes and activation t-scores in fQSM likely due to greater g-factor noise. Absolute QSM yielded fewer, larger activation clusters than signed QSM. Impact: fQSM activations decreased with increasing multiband acceleration, highlighting a tradeoff between multiband acceleration and fQSM sensitivity. Using absolute versus signed QSM for fQSM may result in loss of information. These factors must be carefully considered for optimal future fQSM studies.
Achieving high temporal resolution using a sliding-window approach for SPARKLING fMRI data: A simulation study
Authors: Amor Zaineb , Comby Pierre-Antoine , Ciuciu Philippe , Vignaud Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Higher temporal resolution in fMRI has been increasingly sought after, primarily because of a greater interest in the high-frequency components of BOLD, but also because high temporal resolution is essential to get rid of physiological artifacts. Goal(s): In light of this mounting interest, we explore the sliding-window approach to improve the temporal resolution, specifically using SPARKLING fMRI. Approach: A simulation study is conducted for 2D BOLD fMRI at realistic SNR. Results: It demonstrates the possibility through the sliding window approach to detect oscillations beyond 0.2Hz in the BOLD response and separate the physiological noise from the neural activity. Impact: Such a strategy can be extended to 3D imaging in a straightforward manner, thereby making whole-brain high spatiotemporal resolution fMRI feasible.
Probing the relationship between structure & function in the human thalamus: a contrast-focused, high-resolution study at 7T
Authors: Martinez Cristina Sainz , Marques José P. , Tuleasca Constantin , Cuadra Meritxell Bach , Jorge João
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The thalamic nuclei play vital roles in brain function, but are challenging to image. Notably, clusters found by fMRI approaches do not fully match features from structural MRI studies. Goal(s): To clarify the existing mismatches via high-resolution fMRI, contrast-focused structural MRI, and atlas information, at 7T. Approach: From the same individual brains, we compared structural MRI, atlas delineations and functional clusters in the thalamus, using ICA and seed-based analysis of rs-fMRI. Results: Clusters from fMRI tend to coincide with nuclei labels from histological atlases, but deviate in some cases, while remaining more consistent with the individual’s structural MRI features. Impact: This study provides novel insights into the structural and functional organization of the thalamus. The ability to localize and characterize thalamic nuclei is of strong interest to basic and clinical neuroscience, and for development of effective non-invasive surgical targeting approaches.
Effects of Caffeine Intake on Brain, CSF, and Autonomic Signals: An EEG-fMRI Study
Authors: Yıldırım Kadir , Alqam Lina , Eren Kübra , Tawashi Belal , Can Elif , Karakuzu Cem , Dinçer Alp , Ozbay Pinar
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Understanding caffeine's influence on the brain, CSF flow, and autonomic signals is essential. Recent research highlights the dynamic nature of these processes, creating a compelling need to investigate how caffeine impacts them. Goal(s): This study aims to elucidate how caffeine, as a stimulant affecting sympathetic activity, affects brain activity, CSF flow, and autonomic signals. Approach: Using an EEG-fMRI setup, we monitor individuals following caffeine intake to assess its effects on neural, CSF, and autonomic dynamics. Results: The study's results transform our understanding of caffeine's impact, guiding scientists, clinicians, and patients to make right choices about caffeine consumption's effects on autonomic function, and health. Impact: The results of this study can improve our understanding of caffeine's influence on neural and physiological processes, towards novel experiment design and analysis strategies.
Visualization framework for voxel-wise adjacency matrices for graph-theorical based analysis methods on fMRI data
Authors: Wang Yanlu , Li Tie-Qiang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Graph-theoretical methods to analyze fMRI data can be powerful and flexible. Common to such methods is the construction of a graph adjacency matrix, which cannot be intuitively understood when visualized in itself. Goal(s): We aim to develop a framework to visualize adjacency matrices intuitively while retaining intuitive spatial localizability in relation to the brain. Approach: By stratify voxel-wise functional connectivity adjacency matrices through agglomerative clustering to form edge bundles, we 3D-render them with their end-point locations in a brain contour to ease localization. Results: 3D rendered, color-coded, edge bundles and their end-points can be distinctly identified in relationship to the brain. Impact: Our visualization framework allows both scientist and clinicians to employ graph theoretical analysis methods on fMRI data in a intuitive manner while retaining spatial localizability in the brain.