bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Carbon Effects of the Urban Ecological Recreational System Based on Systems Simulation
Authors: Li Hua , Tong Helong , Wang Xiaoxiang
Published: May 2019

As a major component of urban ecological systems, the urban ecological space is an important carbon pool in the urban carbon circulation. Meanwhile, its special recreational function adds to the complexity of its carbon effects. According to the carbon process and effects of the urban ecological recreational system, the Source-Leakage-Sink-Order (SLSO) framework is proposed as the basis of the four subsystems of the system model. Consisting of 63 parameters, the system dynamics model of urban ecological recreational system is constructed by using VENSIM PLE. Then the urban ecological recreational system in Shanghai under different scenarios is simulated, and the carbon sources and sinks of the system as well as the process of carbon effects such as carbon footprints are analyzed and predicted. Research shows that due to the imbalance of the spatial pattern of ecological recreational space, the carbon sink effects of the system are quite limited. The human carbon source is the main contributor of the system’s carbon sources and the carbon footprint deficit is striking. The management ability of ecological recreational space influences the carbon sink potentials of the system. In addition, the maintenance mode of ecological green space plays a non-trivial role in the composition of carbon sources.
The Influence of Third-party E-Commerce Platform Price Limits on the Dual-Channel Strategy of Manufacturers
Authors: Wang Cong , Yang Huifang , Yang Deli
Published: May 2019

Powerful platform operators always set price limits for sellers on the platform. This paper establishes Stackelberg game models according to two pricing models when the manufacturer enters the third-party e-commerce platform and sells products online. The first is a seller-pricing model in which the manufacturer decides the online price. The second is a platform-pricing model in which the platform decides the online price. We obtain the equilibrium results for these two models and the condition that allows the manufacturer to adopt the dual-channel strategy by comparing the operation decisions and performance of supply-chain members in the two models. Results show that the dual-channel strategy of the manufacturer always decreases the profit of the traditional retailer. In comparison with the seller-pricing model, the platform-pricing model always erodes parts of the manufacturers profit obtained by the dual-channel strategy. The manufacturer will pass on the partial loss to the retailer using relative leadership in the platform-pricing model, which renders the profit of the retailer lower than that in the seller-pricing model. Also, price limits do not always bring the platform more profits; sometimes the platform is forced to set a low price.
SEKOLAH PERJUMPAAN SEBAGAI GERAKAN DAKWAH BERBASIS KOMUNITAS
Authors: Putrawan Agus Dedi
Published: May 2019

Da’wa is on of the most important parts of Islamic teachings. In the context of the implementation of da’wa in the formal school settings, da’wa is responsible for the overall result of the process of implanting Islamic values into school age children. However, da’wa in the settings of formal school is less successful in integrating the objective of da’wa into the learning process and evaluation involving students. This article, thus, aims at revealing the implementation of da’wa within the framework of community school settings in several villages in West Lombok regency. Findings in this article suggest that the implementation of da’wa in the framework of community school settings contributes to the increase in the quality students’ religiousity.Keywords: Community school settings, da’wa, and students’ religiousity.
Fracture Initiation and Propagation in a Deep Shale Gas Reservoir Subject to an Alternating-Fluid-Injection Hydraulic-Fracturing Treatment
Authors: Hou Bing , Chang Zhi , Fu Weineng , Muhadasi Yeerfulati , Chen Mian
Published: May 2019

Deep shale gas reservoirs are characterized by high in-situ stresses, a high horizontal-stress difference (12 MPa), development of bedding seams and natural fractures, and stronger plasticity than shallow shale. All of these factors hinder the extension of hydraulic fractures and the formation of complex fracture networks. Conventional hydraulic-fracturing techniques (that use a single fluid, such as guar fluid or slickwater) do not account for the initiation and propagation of primary fractures and the formation of secondary fractures induced by the primary fractures. For this reason, we proposed an alternating-fluid-injection hydraulic-fracturing treatment. True triaxial hydraulic-fracturing tests were conducted on shale outcrop specimens excavated from the Shallow Silurian Longmaxi Formation to study the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures while the specimens were subjected to an alternating fluid injection with guar fluid and slickwater. The initiation and propagation of fractures in the specimens were monitored using an acoustic-emission (AE) system connected to a visual display. The results revealed that the guar fluid and slickwater each played a different role in hydraulic fracturing. At a high in-situ stress difference, the guar fluid tended to open the transverse fractures, whereas the slickwater tended to activate the bedding planes as a result of the temporary blocking effect of the guar fluid. On the basis of the development of fractures around the initiation point, the initiation patterns were classified into three categories: (1) transverse-fracture initiation, (2) bedding-seam initiation, and (3) natural-fracture initiation. Each of these fracture-initiation patterns had a different propagation mode. The alternating-fluid-injection treatment exploited the advantages of the two fracturing fluids to form a large complex fracture network in deep shale gas reservoirs; therefore, we concluded that this method is an efficient way to enhance the stimulated reservoir volume compared with conventional hydraulic-fracturing technologies.
Using an Experiment/Simulation-Integrated Approach To Investigate Fracture-Conductivity Evolution and Non-Darcy Flow in a Proppant-Supported Hydraulic Fracture
Authors: Fan Ming , McClure James , Han Yanhui , Ripepi Nino , Westman Erik , Gu Ming , Chen Cheng
Published: May 2019

Optimizing proppant-pack conductivity in a hydraulic fracture is of critical importance to sustaining effective and economical production of petroleum hydrocarbons. In this study, a hybrid, experiment/simulation-integrated workflow, which combines the discrete element method (DEM) and the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method with laboratory-measured load-embedment correlations, was developed to advance the understanding of fracture-conductivity evolution from partial-monolayer to multilayer concentrations. The influence of compressive stress and proppant-diameter heterogeneity on non-Darcy flow behaviors was also investigated. The DEM method was used to simulate effective-stress increase and the resultant proppant-particle compaction and rearrangement. Proppant-embedment distance was then determined using an empirical correlation obtained by fitting experimental data. The final pore structure of the proppant pack was imported into the LB simulator as interior boundary conditions of fluid-flow modeling in the calculation of time-dependent permeability of the proppant pack. To validate the integrated workflow, proppant-pack conductivity as a function of increasing proppant concentration was simulated and then compared with laboratory data. Good agreement was observed between the workflow-derived and laboratory-measured fracture-conductivity vs. proppant-concentration curves. Furthermore, the role of proppant size, size heterogeneity, and closure pressure on the optimal partial-monolayer proppant concentration was investigated. The optimal partial-monolayer proppant concentration has important engineering implications, because one can achieve a considerable fracture conductivity using a partial-monolayer proppant structure, which has much lower material costs compared with the conventional multilayer proppant structures. To investigate the effect of non-Darcy flow on fracture conductivity, three proppant packs with the same average diameter but different diameter distributions were generated. Specifically, the coefficient of variation (COV) of diameter, defined as the ratio of standard deviation of diameter to mean diameter, was used to characterize the heterogeneity of particle size. The results of this research provide fundamental insights into the multiphysics processes regulating the conductivity evolution of a proppant-supported hydraulic fracture, as well as the role of compressive stress and proppant-size heterogeneity in non-Darcy flows.
Multiple game based rehabilitation platform instead of intensified conventional balance training in patients with stroke: pilot study
Authors: Cikajlo Imre , Rudolf Marko , Mainetti Renato , Borghese Nunzio Alberto
Published: May 2019

Background: People who survive a stroke usually suffer for moderate to severe movement disorders such as uncontrollable movements of the limb, posture and balance disorders. An intensive and repetitive physiotherapy and balance training are often a key to functional restoration of movements. Recently modern rehabilitation centers have offered virtual reality supported balance training with exergames in addition to the conventional therapy. However, the choice of the appropriate exergame is still not straightforward.
Methods: We designed a randomized pilot study investigating how different types of balance training in addition to the physiotherapy program influence on functional outcomes. 20 eligible participants were randomized into 2 groups; exergaming vs conventional balance training. Multiple-game platform with exergames supporting single leg exercises, weight shifting, balancing and standing up and equivalent conventional physiotherapy exercises were used. Center of pressure was monitored during exergaming and clinical impact was evaluated with the Four Square Step Test (FSST), Timed Up & Go, 10m Walk Test (10MWT), Romberg, Sharpened Romberg, Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance in both groups. Statistical tests were used to find statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences and Cohen’s U3 test to examine the effect sizes.
Results: Participants of both groups demonstrated substantively and statistically significant improvements of functional balance, in particular the exergaming group (FSST p = 0.009, U3 = 0.9 and 10MWT p = 0.008, U3 = 0.9). . However, significant differences between the groups were found only in tests with eyes closed, Sharpened Romberg test (p = 0.05) and standing on the right leg (p = 0.035). We found a decrease of center of pressure area for up to 20% in the exergaming group.
Conclusions: In the exergaming group the participants achieved improved functional balance that could be well targeted by the selection of games and objectively evaluated. The modern approach had a great potential by choosing the appropriate game to target the exercise, but the low statistical power may hinder the equivalence of both additional balance training methods. However, the exergaming provided independent balance training, also feasible without physiotherapist’s strenuous work that may be crucial for future home or telerehabilitation services.
Lenticulostriate Artery Infarction Involving the Striatocapsular Region: A High-resolution MRI Study
Authors: Jia Lin , Lv Jinghao , Zhang Na , Zhang Lei , Chang Cun , Kukun Hanjiaerbieke , Jia Wenxiao , Liu Xin
Published: May 2019

Background

To study the effectiveness of three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (3D-HR-VWI) in diagnosing ischemic stroke caused by perforating artery infarction.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 38 patients who were admitted to two different centers in China between 2016 and 2018. We examined the structure of the lenticulostriate arteries by 3D-HR-VWI and studied the characteristics of the perforating arterial lesions.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the number of lenticulostriate arteries on the lesion side and the normal side (P=0.2512), but there was a significant difference in the ratio of lenticulostriate arteries between patients with a striatum infarction and those with single perforating artery infarction (P=0.020). The depths of the lenticulostriate arteries on the lesion sides were also significantly different between the two groups (P=0.032). Differences among risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking were not statistically significant. The differences in vascular involvement, length of M1 lesions, etiological type, number of lenticulostriate arteries, and depth of the lenticulostriate arteries were also not significant.

Conclusion

3D-HR-VWI can show lesions of the lenticulostriate arteries and perforating arteries clearly, which has diagnostic value for judging the nature of ischemic stroke caused by perforating artery disease.
De novo assembly and characterization of the liver transcriptome of Mugil incilis (lisa) using next generation sequencing
Authors: Bertel-Sevilla Angela , Alzate-Restrepo Juan , Olivero-Verbel Jesus
Published: May 2019

Background

Mugil incilis (lisa) is an important commercial fish species in many countries, living along the coasts of the western Atlantic Ocean. It has been used as a model organism for environmental monitoring and ecotoxicological investigations. Nevertheless, available genomic and transcriptomic information for this organism is extremely deficient. The aim of this study was to characterize M. incilis hepatic transcriptome using Illumina paired-end sequencing.

Results

A total of 32.082.124 RNA-Seq read pairs were generated utilizing the HiSeq platform and subsequently cleaned and assembled into 93.947 contigs (with N50 = 2.019 bp). The analysis of species distribution revealed that M. incilis contigs had the highest number of hits to Stegastes partitus (36.6%). Using a sequence similarity search against the public databases GO and KEGG, a total of 71.271 and 16.974 contigs were annotated, respectively. KEGG showed genes related to environmental information, metabolism and organismal system pathways were highly annotated. Complete or partial coding DNA sequences for several candidate genes associated with stress responses/detoxification of xenobiotics, as well as housekeeping genes, were employed to design primers that were successfully tested and validated by RT-qPCR.

Conclusions

This study presents the first transcriptome resources for Mugil incilis and provides basic information for the development of genomic tools, such as the identification of RNA markers, useful to analyze environmental impacts on this fish Caribbean species.
Analysis of molecular mechanism for acceleration of polyembryony using gene functional annotation pipeline in Copidosoma floridanum
Authors: Sakamoto Takuma , Nishiko Maaya , Bono Hidemasa , Nakazato Takeru , Yoshimura Jin , Tabunoki Hiroko , Iwabuchi Kikuo
Published: May 2019

Background: Polyembryony, when several embryos are clonally produced from a single egg, is found in humans, armadillo, and some endoparasitoid insects. Thus, although polyembryony is conserved through insects to mammals, the polyembryogenesis progress remains obscure in these animals. The polyembryonic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma floridanum oviposits its egg into the host insect egg, and, eventually, >2000 individuals occur from one egg. We reported previously that polyembryogenesis was enhanced by juvenile hormone (JH) treatment under the culture condition. Hence, we performed RNA-Seq analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms in controlling polyembryogenesis using C. floridanum. Nevertheless, C. floridanum genes do not have a functional gene annotation because of partial whole-genome sequence elucidation. Hence, we constructed a gene functional annotation pipeline for C. floridanum and performed a molecular network analysis in C. floridanum.
Results: We extracted fluctuated genes from control and JH treatment molura after 48-h culture to assess molecular mechanisms in polyembryogenesis. Consequently, we obtained 11,117 transcripts and 217 differentially expressed genes in the JH treatment group compared with the control group. Whereas, we used the blastp program to assign whole C. floridanum transcripts to human gene. Remarkably, 76% of C. floridanum transcripts were assigned to human genes. Moreover, we determined platelet degranulation and fatty acid biosynthetic process, suppressing cell morphogenesis involved in the differentiation and integrin signaling pathway by the gene enrichment analysis in the JH treatment group compared with the control group. Furthermore, we noted that molecular interaction possibly associated with polyembryogenesis using Cytoscape.
Conclusions: In this study, we constructed C. floridanum gene functional annotation pipeline and C. floridanum transcripts shared with homology to human genes during early embryo developmental stage. Additionally, this study establishes new molecular interactions associated with polyembryogenesis; these molecules could elucidate molecular mechanism in polyembryony, suggesting a possibility of using the molecular interaction in twinning of humans.
Exploring the druggable space around the Fanconi anemia pathway using machine learning and mechanistic models
Authors: Esteban Marina , Peña-Chilet María , Loucera Carlos , Dopazo Joaquin
Published: May 2019

Background: In spite of the abundance of genomic data, predictive models that describe phenotypes as a function of gene expression or mutations are difficult to obtain because they are affected by the curse of dimensionality, given the disbalance between samples and candidate genes. And this is especially dramatic in scenarios in which the availability of samples is difficult, such as the case of rare diseases.
Results: The application of multi-output regression machine learning methodologies to predict the potential effect of external proteins over the signaling circuits that trigger Fanconi anemia related cell functionalities, inferred with a mechanistic model, allowed us to detect over 20 potential therapeutic targets.
Conclusions: The use of artificial intelligence methods for the prediction of potentially causal relationships between proteins of interest and cell activities related with disease-related phenotypes opens promising avenues for the systematic search of new targets in rare diseases.
An improved catalogue of putative synaptic genes defined by their temporal transcription profiles through an ensemble machine learning approach
Authors: Pazos Flavio , Soto Pablo , Palazzo Martín , Guerberoff Gustavo , Yankilevich Patricio , Cantera Rafael
Published: May 2019

Background.
Assembly and function of neuronal synapses require the coordinated expression of a yet undetermined set of genes. Previously, we had trained an ensemble machine learning model to assign a probability of having synaptic function to every protein-coding gene in Drosophila melanogaster. This approach resulted in the publication of a catalogue of 893 genes that was postulated to be very enriched in genes with still undocumented synaptic functions. Since then, the scientific community has experimentally identified 79 new synaptic genes. Here we used these new empirical data to evaluate the predictive power of the catalogue. Then we implemented a series of improvements to the training scheme and the ensemble rules of our model and added the new synaptic genes to the training set, to obtain a new, enhanced catalogue of putative synaptic genes.

Results.
The retrospective analysis demonstrated that our original catalogue was indeed highly enriched in genes with unknown synaptic function. The changes to the training scheme and the ensemble rules resulted in a catalogue with better predictive power. Finally, training this improved model with an updated training set, that includes all the new synaptic genes, we obtained a new, enhanced catalogue of putative synaptic genes, which we present here announcing a regularly updated version that will be available online at: http://synapticgenes.bnd.edu.uy

Conclusions.
We show that training a machine learning model solely with the whole-body temporal transcription profiles of known synaptic genes resulted in a catalogue with a significant enrichment in undiscovered synaptic genes. Using new empirical data, we validated our original approach, improved our model an obtained a better catalogue. The utility of this approach is that it reduces the number of genes to be tested through hypothesis-driven experimentation.
Are capitalized R&D and expensed R&D costs “sticky”? Korean evidence
Authors: Hei Cheung Joon , Sung Hur Kang , Jong Park Sung
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cost behavior of research and development (R&D) expenditures. R&D costs can be divided into capitalized R&D expenditures and expensed R&D expenditures. The authors examine the cost behavior of total R&D expenditures, as well as the cost behavior of capitalized and expensed R&D expenditures. In addition, it is investigated how the cost behavior varies depending on company management performance. Research results document that the total cost of R&D and capitalized R&D expenditures are not affected by changes in sales. While the cost of expensed R&D has a positive relationship with sales changes, asymmetric cost behavior does not exist. However, when combined with such factors as successive declines in sales, performance, and economic growth as measured by gross domestic product (GDP), asymmetric cost behavior emerges. In addition, the authors found that companies with high management performance smooth their earnings by expensing R&D expenditures as incurred rather than capitalizing them. For firms with high earnings, cost behavior of total R&D expenditures and capitalized R&D expenditures moves in the opposite direction of sales. That is, companies with high performance have low capitalization ratio of R&D. The results of this study are significant in that they expand the understanding of managers’ behaviors regarding R&D expenditures.
The problem of analysis of big web data and the use of data mining technology for processing and searching patterns in big web data on a practical example
Authors: Mulyukova K. V. , Kureichik V. M.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the work is to study the current problems and prospects of the solution for processing big data received or stored in the Internet (web data), as well as the possibility of practical realization of Data Mining technology for big web data on practical example.

Materials and methods. The study included a review of bibliographic sources on big data analysis problems.

Data Mining technology was used to analyze large web data, as well as computer modeling of a practical problem using the C # programming language and creating a DDL database structure for accumulating web data.

Results. In the course of the work, the specifics of big data were described, the main characteristics of big data were highlighted, and modern approaches to processing big data were analyzed. A brief description of the horizontal-scalable architecture and the BI-solution architecture for big data processing is given. The problems of processing large web data are formulated: limiting the speed of access to data, providing access via network protocols through general-purpose networks.

An example showing the approach to processing large web data was also implemented. Based on the idea of big data, the described complexities of web data processing and the methods of Data Mining, techniques were proposed for effectively solving the practical problem of processing and searching patterns in a large data array.

The following classes have been developed in the C # programming language:

Class of receiving web data via the Internet; Data conversion class;

Intelligent data processing class;

Created DDL script that creates a structure for the accumulation of web data.

A single UML class diagram has been developed.

The constructed system of data and classes allows to solve the main part of the problems of processing large web data and perform intelligent processing using Data Mining technology in order to solve the problem posed of identifying certain records in a large array. The combination of object-oriented approach, neural networks and BI-analysis to filter data will speed up the process of data processing and obtaining the result of the study

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it can be argued that the current state of technology for analyzing large web data allows you to efficiently process data objects, identify patterns, get hidden data and get full-fledged statistical data.

The obtained results can be used both for the purpose of the initial study of big data processing technologies, and as a basis for developing an already real application for analyzing web data. The use of neural networks and the created universal classes-handlers makes the created architecture flexible and self-learning, and the class declarations and the base DDL structure will greatly simplify the development of program code.
Analysis of student’s final qualification theses using text loans detection systems
Authors: Petrusevich D. A. , Shakhardin K. D.
Published: May 2019

In this paper there are results of the bachelor and master theses citing analysis. These students graduated from the Higher mathematics chair of the Russian Technological University in the summer of 2018. In this comparative analysis the dependencies of thesis loan percent on parameters of students, statistical values of their theses are explored. This research is actual because of the progress and development of new informational technologies used in the educational system. Popularity of the text loan detection systems increases. Automatic plagiarism detection systems are intended to make educational process better, the text drawing search easier, to support the copyright laws and academical honesty. The percentage is given by two main Russian plagiarism detection systems: Antiplagiat and Rucontext. Connections between thesis parameters are explored. Advantages of each text loan detection systems are described. In this research there are the results of the pedagogical experiment aimed to analyze statistically the dependencies of the bachelor’s and master’s theses loan percentage which have been got from Antiplagiat and Rucontext systems on the author’s parameters, statistical values describing thesis text. The comparison between statistical results of these systems have been made. The conclusions about their advantages have been presented in the paper. In order to make the comparison methods of the mathematical statistics have been used. Numerical experiment has been provided by means of the packages of the R statistical language. The difference between text loan percentages in the Antiplagiat and Rucontext systems has been analyzed. It has been shown that it grows when length of the text becomes larger. The dependencies of the text loan percentage on the available parameters of the thesis author and text parameters have been presented. The dependencies types are the same for the both systems. Scale of the coefficients in the statistical dependencies is also the same. The difference is in the very set of the parameters: the Rucontext percentage is better described statistically with the sex of the author, the Antiplagiat percentage is described with the type of the higher education (bachelor’s or master’s thesis). Also the dependency of the text loan percentage on the length of the thesis text differs: the Antiplagiat percentage is better described statistically with the number of words but the Rucontext percentage is described with the number of characters. It seems that these differences can be explained with different text search and analyze algorithms. The dependencies between the Rucontext percentage and the Antiplagiat text loan percentage is presented.
Interleukin-23 Blockers: Born to be First-line Biologic Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Authors: Argollo Marjorie C. , Allocca Mariangela , Furfaro Federica , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio
Published: May 2019

Over the past decades, the advent of anti-TNF agents has dramatically changed the treatment algorithms for IBD. However, primarily and more importantly, secondary loss of response to anti-TNF agents, is often observed. Thus, new treatment options have been actively explored and some have already been incorporated in the current clinical practice. Among the class of anti-cytokine agents, the anti-IL12/IL23 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been first presented, in clinical practice, by the anti-p40 mAb ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease (CD). More selective anti-IL23 agents (anti-p19) have shown efficacy and are being further developed, in contrast to agents inhibiting IL-17 downstream, which have failed in IBD clinical trials despite their clear efficacy in psoriasis.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Diaryl Pyrazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Nourmahammadi Jalal , Moghadam Ebrahim Saeedian , Shahsavari Zahra , Amini Mohsen
Published: May 2019

Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality all around the world. Globally, nearly 1 in 6
deaths is due to cancer. Researchers are trying to synthesize new anticancer agents. Previous studies
demonstrated that some pyrazole derivatives could be considered as potential anticancer agents. Herein,
ten novel derivatives of 1,5-diarylpyrazole were synthesized in four step reactions and cytotoxic activity
was investigated by MTT cell viability assay. All of the compounds were characterized by 1H
NMR and 13C NMR and their purity was confirmed by elemental analysis. The cytotoxicity was determined
against three cancerous cell lines (HT-29, U87MG and MDA-MB 468) and AGO1522 as a
normal cell line. Compound 5a showed the best cytotoxic activity on cancerous cell lines in comparison
to paclitaxel. Annexin V/ PI staining assay also showed that compounds 5a and 5i would lead to
significant apoptosis induction in MDA-MB 486 cell line.
Advances in Structural Biology of ACE and Development of Domain Selective ACE-inhibitors
Authors: Polakovičová Mája , Jampílek Josef
Published: May 2019

Background:

The Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the most important components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controlling blood pressure and renal functions. Inhibitors of ACE are first line therapeutics used in the treatment of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. Somatic ACE consists of two homologous catalytic domains, the C- and N-domains. Recent findings have shown that although both domains are highly homologous in structure, they may have different physiological functions. The C-domain is primarily involved in the control of blood pressure, in contrast to the N-domain that is engaged in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. The currently available ACE inhibitors have some adverse effects that can be attributed to the non-selective inhibition of both domains. In addition, specific Ndomain inhibitors have emerged as potential antifibrotic drugs. Therefore, ACE is still an important drug target for the development of novel domain-selective drugs not only for the cardiovascular system but also for other systems.

Objective:

Detailed structural information about interactions in the protein-ligand complex is crucial for rational drug design. This review highlights the structural information available from crystallographic data which is essential for the development of domain selective inhibitors of ACE.

Methods:

Over eighty crystal complexes of ACE are placed into the Protein Database. An overview of X-ray ACE complexes with various inhibitors in C- and N-domains and an analysis of their binding mode have given mechanistic explanation of the structural determinants of selective ligand binding. In addition, ACE domain selective inhibitors with dual modes of action in complexes with ACE are also discussed.

Conclusion:

Selectivity of ACE inhibitors for the N- and C-domain is controlled by subtle differences in the amino-acids forming the active site. Reported studies of crystal complexes of inhibitors in the C- and N-domains revealed that most selective inhibitors interact with non-conserved amino-acids between domains and have distinct interactions with the residues in the S2 and S2’ subsites of the ACE catalytic site. Moreover, unusual binding of the second molecule of inhibitors in the binding cavity opens new possibilities of exploiting more distant regions of the catalytic center in structure-based design of novel drugs.
Low Leakage Optimization Techniques for Multi-threshold CMOS Circuits
Authors: Rastogi Rumi , Pandey Sujata , Gupta Mridula
Published: May 2019

Background:

With the reducing size of the devices, the leakage power has also increased exponentially in the nano-scale CMOS devices. Several techniques have been devised so far to minimize the leakage power, among which, MTCMOS (power-gating) is the preferred one as it effectively minimizes the leakage power without any complexity in the circuit. However, the power-gating technique suffers from problems like transition noise and delay. In this paper, we proposed a new simple yet effective technique to minimize leakage power in MTCMOS circuits.

Objective:

The objective of the paper was to propose a new technique which effectively minimizes leakage power in nanoscale power-gated circuits with minimal delay, noise and area requirement so that it can well be implemented in high-speed low-power digital integrated circuits.

Methods:

A new power-gating structure has been proposed in this paper. The new proposed technique includes three parallel NMOS transistors with variable widths which are functional during the active mode to reduce the on-time delay. A PMOS footer with gate-bias is also connected in parallel with the NMOS footer transistors. The proposed technique has been verified through simulation in 45nm MTCMOS technology to implement a 32 bit adder circuit.

Results:

The proposed technique offers significant reduction in leakage power, reactivation noise and reactivation energy. The technique reduced the leakage power effectively at room temperature as well as higher temperatures. The reactivation noise produced by the proposed technique minimized by 98.7%, 64.8%, 62.07% and 24.47% as compared to the parallel transistor, variable-width, charge-recycling and the modified-charge recycling techniques respectively at room temperature.The reactivation energy of the proposed technique also minimized by 77.by 77.67%, 55.8%, 45.1%, and 18.32% with respect to the parallel transistor, variable-width, CR and Modified-CR techniques, respectively.

Conclusion:

The proposed technique offers significant reduction in leakage power, reactivation noise and reactivation energy. The technique reduces the leakage power effectively at room temperature as well as at higher temperatures. Since the delay and area overhead of the proposed structure is minimal, hence it can be easily implemented in high-speed low-power digital circuits.
Solid State Kinetics, Spectroscopic, Thermal Degradation and Fungicidal Studies of Biodegradable Copper Surfactants Derived from Lauric Acid
Authors: Jain Shilpa , Sharma Rashmi , Sharma Arun K.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

The synthesis of copper soap (laurate), and its complex with 2-amino 6-
methylbenzothiazole and their elemental and spectral analysis have been done for comparative studies
using IR, NMR, Mass and ESR spectra.

Methods:

The fungicidal activities, with reference to Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger at
different concentrations by P.D.A. technique were also studied.

Results and Conclusion:

The present research work comprises detailed thermal analysis using
TGA technique to determine their kinetic and thermodynamic parameters by applying various
equations like Freeman Carroll, Coats-Redfern equation, Horowitz-Metzger equation, Broido
equation, Piloyan–Novikova equation.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) an Important Evidenced Based Practice for Social Work Practice
Authors: Wilson Shanika Lavi , Crayton Blenda , Williams Larry
Published: May 2019

Social work practitioners must utilize evidenced-based practices to assist their clients with various mental health, substance use, and other phases of life issues.“During the past 10 to 15 years, there has been an increased focus in the behavioral health community on delivering what is known as Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)”(Surface, 2009, para. 1). While there is no one size fit all evidenced based practice that will help all clients, most social workers are looking for an effective evidenced-based practice that will allow them to assist a large number of clients with various life experiences and concerns. This paper will discuss the benefits and effectiveness of utilizing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in social work practice.
El desarrollo de la investigación científica en Argentina desde 1950: entre las universidades nacionales y el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Bekerman Fabiana
Published: May 2019

La investigación científica en Argentina ha sido históricamente sostenida con recursos del Estado y ha tenido dos anclajes institucionales fundamentales: las universidades nacionales y el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Las políticas nacionales para la investigación han atravesado diversas etapas, entre las cuales se destaca el periodo de la última dictadura militar (1976-1983) cuando se produjo una reestructuración profunda del campo científico-universitario y se gestaron o profundizaron elementos estructurales que persisten hasta nuestros días. Este trabajo pretende elaborar una síntesis histórico-descriptiva del desarrollo de la investigación en las Universidades y en el CONICET durante el largo periodo comprendido entre 1976 y 2010, poniendo el foco de atención en las políticas institucionales para la investigación y los vínculos establecidos entre ambas instituciones o, dicho de otra manera, entre la investigación y la docencia.
¿Ni con el pétalo de una rosa? Discriminación hacia las mujeres en la vida diaria de tres facultades
Authors: Mingo Araceli
Published: May 2019

Con el propósito  de indagar las formas particulares que adoptan las relaciones de género dentro de la comunidad estudiantil de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,  se realizaron grupos focales en tres facultades de esta universidad. Los relatos  que se presentan en este artículo permiten apreciar la perseverancia de añejos prejuicios que se traducen en actitudes y comportamientos discriminatorios con los que la población femenina tiene que lidiar, en el día a día, por el sólo hecho de ser mujeres.
Para enseñar ética profesional no basta con una asignatura: los estudiantes de Psicología reportan incidentes críticos en aulas y escenarios reales
Authors: Díaz Barriga Frida , Pérez-Rendón María Maclovia , Lara Gutiérrez Yazmín
Published: May 2019

El asunto de la formación ética profesional ha tendido a resolverse mediante la introducción de al menos una asignatura en el plan de estudios de las universidades. Sin embargo, el análisis de los incidentes críticos que relatan los estudiantes respecto a cómo se transgrede en la realidad el código ético, conduce a cuestionar que esto es necesario pero no es suficiente. En este artículo se expone el análisis de  incidentes críticos (IC) de ética profesional narrados por 57 estudiantes de licenciatura en Psicología pertenecientes a una universidad pública, quienes cursaban en sexto semestre la asignatura de Ética Profesional. En dichos incidentes aparece que los principios éticos de la profesión psicológica que se transgreden con más frecuencia se vinculan con la competencia y honestidad en el ejercicio de los profesionales, así como con la calidad de la enseñanza, investigación o supervisión en escenarios reales por parte de los profesores universitarios. Más de la mitad de los incidentes críticos narrados ocurren en escenarios clínicos o del sector salud, seguidos de los escenarios educacionales en instituciones públicas, en la propia universidad y en contextos comunitarios.  El papel asumido por los estudiantes en su propio relato es de testigo, receptor, transgresor o escucha, en ese orden. Los resultados se discuten en términos del currículo formal, oculto y nulo, del ethos profesional y de la propia institución educativa, así como de la necesidad de replantear la formación ética de los psicólogos en la universidad.
Hacia un perfil de ansiedad matemática en estudiantes de nivel superior
Authors: Eccius Wellmann Clara Cristina , Lara-Barragán Antonio
Published: May 2019

Se presenta el desarrollo de un cuestionario sobre ansiedad matemática, la cual se conceptúa de acuerdo con varias teorías entre las que destacan las de Legg y Locker y Leppärvita. El desarrollo del cuestionario sigue los lineamientos de otros cuestionarios propuestos por Galbraith y Haines, y por Pierce, Stacey y Barkatsas. Se describe el proceso de validez y confiabilidad de nuestro cuestionario. Se presenta la metodología de análisis estadístico para confirmar la confiabilidad y validez del instrumento mediante el alfa de Cronbach y el procedimiento de análisis factorial, cuya finalidad es resumir la información de las variables observadas en un número reducido de factores. El cuestionario se aplicó a 289 estudiantes de carreras administrativas y 128 estudiantes de carreras ingenieriles de una universidad del área metropolitana de Guadalajara.
Estereótipos de género e sexismo em docentes do ensino superior
Authors: Sales-Oliveira Catarina , Villas-Boas Susana , Las Heras Soledad
Published: May 2019

La socialización de género ocurre cotidianamente y marca de forma indeleble la identidad individual, así como la cultura de las organizaciones y de los grupos. La interacción entre discentes e docentes forma parte del proceso de socialización de género. De ese modo, diversas investigaciones muestran que la atención que se presta y las expectativas que los docentes tienen de los alumnos y las alumnas son diferentes. En esta investigación se buscó analizar y caracterizar a un grupo de docentes universitarios portugueses, mujeres y hombres, en cuanto a sus estereotipos de género y sexismo, con el objetivo de promover la reflexión del conjunto de agentes educativos involucrados. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten concluir que esos y esas docentes poseen estereotipos de género, pero con algunas particularidades interesantes, como el hecho de que a las mujeres se les atribuye mayor carga de rasgos instrumentales. Igualmente, se verificó que el tipo de sexismo que predomina es el sexismo ambivalente, ya que los hombres presentan actitudes sexistas significativamente más hostiles que las mujeres.
Incorporando la perspectiva controversial en el curriculum disciplinario
Authors: Magendzo Abraham
Published: May 2019

Este artículo es una invitación a incursionar en una postura curricular controversial que, fundamentada en la teoría curricular crítica, se distancia de las concepciones tecnicistas e instrumentales que aún están vigentes en los diseños curriculares. En este sentido, se trata de transitar desde un currículum de verdades homogenizantes, alejado de los intereses de los estudiantes, reproductor de las inequidades sociales y culturales, hacia uno que desafía a los estudiantes a cuestionar el conocimiento y que propende a formar sujetos críticos y dialogantes. Con el fin de alcanzar este objetivo se exhorta a los docentes a incorporar en el contenido curricular de sus disciplinas temas controversiales.
El proceso de construcción de la identidad profesional de los traductores de inglés
Authors: Mulone Maria-Virginia
Published: May 2019

Con el objeto de explorar las percepciones que los traductores de inglés tienen acerca de su propia identidad como profesionales y la evolución de tal representación desde el ingreso universitario hasta la graduación y la inserción laboral, se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas a estudiantes del primer y último año del traductorado, y a traductores recibidos, las cuales involucraron la experticia disciplinar e instrumental del traductor profesional, las tareas, roles, contextos y relaciones laborales. Se concluyó que sus representaciones evolucionan desde una concepción difusa y equivocada de lo que implica ser y trabajar como traductor hacia una más definida y realista, y se sugirió que una parte crucial de tal evolución sucede durante el periodo universitario.
Revuelo entre los músicos académicos: los primeros congresos nacionales de música (1926, 1928)
Authors: Aguirre-Lora María Esther
Published: May 2019

El propósito de este artículo es plantear algunos de los debates que se dieron en torno a la renovación de la música académica en el contexto de los dos primeros congresos nacionales de música (ciudad de México, 1926, 1928). Más que dar cuenta de una descripción puntual del evento en sí mismo, interesa incursionar, desde la perspectiva de la historia cultural, en los ambientes político-culturales que dan cuenta del campo de tensiones que se pone en juego en los procesos de la construcción de la identidad nacional, la modernización de los estudios musicales y la emergencia del modernismo mexicano. Ello pone de manifiesto la falsa supuesta homogeneidad del proyecto revolucionario, ya que afloran la gran diversidad de tendencias y toma de posiciones que tuvieron lugar en el curso de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Dada la vastedad de los debates y temáticas abordadas en ambos congresos, me centro en algunas de las principales discusiones.
Los nuevos estudios de doctorado en España: avances y retos para su convergencia con Europa
Authors: Jiménez-Ramírez Magdalena
Published: May 2019

La transformación de los estudios de doctorado en España para adaptarse a las directrices del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ha conllevado todo un cambio legislativo, no exento de dificultades, con el objetivo de armonizar la formación doctoral con las directrices europeas de internacionalización. La normativa actual para el doctorado, legislada en el Real Decreto 99/2011, delimita una nueva estructura organizativa y detalla las características que rigen los nuevos estudios de doctorado. En este artículo presentamos los cambios más relevantes y significativos que se han regulado para esta etapa formativa, en concreto, la novedad de la creación de las escuelas de doctorado, la especialización de la formación en investigación a través de los nuevos programas de doctorado, la formación en competencias investigadoras y de transferencia de conocimiento, y la internacionalización de la formación doctoral.
Posicionamiento de la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial en la región del Biobío
Authors: Alonso-Dos-Santos Manuel , Jelves-Jara María-José , Mardones-Valdebenito Paulina-Jazmín
Published: May 2019

Lograr y mantener un estatus y una imagen dentro de la industria es una tarea difícil en todos los sectores. Pero en la educación superior en Chile la tarea puede ser aún más ardua debido a la atomización del sector, su dinamismo, las regulaciones y la sofisticación de la demanda. En este artículo se presenta un estudio sobre el posicionamiento de la carrera Ingeniería Comercial en la región del Biobío. Se emplea la técnica del análisis factorial para el desarrollo de mapas perceptuales. Los resultados indican las universidades mejor y peor posicionadas en la Región. Las universidades poseen atributos mejor posicionados que otros, siendo el segmento de procedencia la variable diferenciadora de elección. Las conclusiones del estudio permiten a las instituciones de educación superior conocer la percepción del mercado sobre su imagen y servicio, diseñar campañas de posicionamiento y conocer las necesidades y demandas del dinámico mercado.