bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in a Predominantly Black Cohort with HIV and Associated Comorbidities: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Burrowes Shana A.B. , Zisman Erin , Fantry Lori E. , Bui Quoc , Wu Angela , Sorkin John , Miller Michael , Bagchi Shashwatee
Published: August 2024

Introduction: People with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to non-PWH, but the reasons for this increased risk remain elusive. We investigated the change in ASCVD risk scores over 4 years to identify clinical factors associated with change in risk scores or high-risk scores. Methods: We conducted a preliminary study using retrospective analysis of PWH, between 40 and 75 years old, seen at the Evelyn Jordan Center with at least two routine HIV visits. We collected clinical and demographic data and calculated the ASCVD risk scores using the Pooled Cohort Equation. Exploratory analyses examined change in risk score categories over time. Final adjusted analysis examined factors associated with change in continuous risk scores over time. Results: Our sample included 187 PWH; 166 were black/African American and 79 were female. We found no significant change in ASCVD risk score over time. The risk score was significantly higher in PWH with hepatitis C (7.34%; 95% CI: 2.59, 12.09; p = 0.003) and trended higher in those with dual hepatitis B/C and hepatitis B compared to those without hepatitis (p = 0.07). Conclusion: We found that ASCVD risk did not change over a 4-year period among predominantly black young PWH, but infection with hepatitis C and dual hepatitis B/C were associated with higher ASCVD risk scores. Our findings illustrate the need for further longitudinal studies evaluating change in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and investigating viral hepatitis as an added potential contributor to increased CVD risk in high-risk, vulnerable populations.
Pleural Effusion and Invasive Hemodynamic Measurements in Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Glargaard Signe , Deis Tania , Abild-Nielsen Annemette G. , Stark Alexander , Thomsen Jakob H. , Kristensen Søren L. , Rossing Kasper , Gustafsson Finn , Thune Jens Jakob
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Pleural effusion is present in 50% to 80% of patients with acute heart failure, depending on image modality. We aim to describe the association between the presence and size of pleural effusion and central hemodynamics, including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in an advanced heart failure population.

METHODS:

An observational, cross-sectional study in a cohort of patients with advanced heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%) who underwent right heart catheterization at The Department of Cardiology at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, between January 1, 2002 and October 31, 2020. The presence and size of pleural effusion were determined by a semiquantitative score of chest
x
-rays or computed tomography scans performed within 2 days of right heart catheterization.

RESULTS:

In 346 patients (50±13 years; 78% males) with median left ventricular ejection fraction of 20% (15–25), we identified 162 (47%) with pleural effusion. The pleural effusion size was medium in 38 (24%) and large in 30 (19%). Patients with pleural effusion had a 4.3 mm Hg (2.5–6.1) higher PCWP and 2.4 mm Hg (1.2–3.6) higher central venous pressure (
P
<0.001 for both). Patients with a medium/large pleural effusion had statistically significantly higher filling pressures than patients with a small effusion. Higher PCWP (odds ratio [OR], 1.06 [1.03–1.10]) and central venous pressure (OR, 1.09 [1.05–1.15]) were associated with pleural effusion in multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and heart failure medications (
P
<0.001 for both). In a subgroup of 204 (63%) patients with serum albumin data, PCWP (OR, 1.06 [1.01–1.11];
P
=0.032), central venous pressure (OR, 1.14 [1.06–1.23];
P
<0.001) and serum albumin level (OR, 0.89 [0.83–0.95];
P
<0.001) were independently associated with the presence of a medium/large-sized pleural effusion.

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% undergoing right heart catheterization as part of advanced heart failure work-up, pleural effusion was associated with higher PCWP and central venous pressure and lower serum albumin.
The Visual Scene Network and Hippocampus Represent Spatial Boundary Structures for Temporal Episodic Memory Organization
Authors: Rah Yu Jin , Shin Jung Han , Lee Sang Ah
Published: August 2024

Crossing a spatial boundary such as a doorway plays an important role in the temporal organization of episodic memory. However, despite the wealth of evidence showing that visual boundary structures in scenes affect our representation of space, no studies have tested the possibility that they also function as event boundaries even without active navigation. In this study, we used a nonnavigational scene-based memory task that required participants to remember a sequence of objects moving to various baskets in a scene. In the boundary condition, there was a freestanding boundary in the middle of the room, low enough to see the rest of the room beyond it. We found that the additional boundary within the scene was sufficient to trigger a larger response in the cortical visual scene network, the hippocampus, and their coordinated activity. These results suggest that active navigation across a spatial boundary such as a doorway into another room is not necessary to form an event boundary and that a visual representation of boundaries is sufficient to influence the organization of a hippocampal episodic memory.
Antagonism and Shared Survival of Fish and Fishermen in the Lofoten Islands
Authors: Papacharalampous Nafsika
Published: August 2024

This paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork and collected oral histories in 2019 in the Lofoten islands, as well as on archival research. I investigate the complex creation of kinship networks between humans and skrei in the Lofoten islands. I argue that the constant struggle to survive for both fish and fishermen embedded in larger capitalist ecologies of exploitation creates a symbolic shared substance between fish and fishermen, which, despite the often-unequal antagonistic nature of their relationships, allows us to rethink of definitions of kinship between humans and nonhuman others.
Corruption: From International Law and Ethics to Realpolitik and Amoralism
Authors: Matwijkiw Anja
Published: August 2024

In this essay, a philosophical and critical lens is applied to the case of corruption. For reasons having to do with both analysis and assessment of the framework of the only specialized convention at the international level of law, namely the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (uncac), the author takes a closer look at several aspects and areas that somehow fade into the background of the discourse or even fall out of the legal corruption equation itself despite their centrality to the topic. Examples include considerations of market theory, marginalization and discrimination, human rights, ethics, realpolitik, structural violence and corruption prevention, and norms of general international law. The essay also makes use of some country-specific scenarios, in part, to raise questions about possible ‘cracks’ in political governance typology. The essay is divided into two individual articles, Part i: ‘Perspectives on the Corruption Discourse’ and Part ii: ‘The Macro Area’.
A new taxonomic treatment and comprehensive evaluation of the genus Aegokeras (Apiaceae) endemic to Turkey
Authors: DURAN AHMET , SAMIGULLIN TAHIR , LYSKOV DMITRY
Published: August 2024

The systematic position of the species Pimpinella ibradiensis, a narrow endemic to Turkey, was evaluated on the basis of morphological data and nrDNA ITS sequences. The species Pimpinella ibradiensis has been classified within the genus Pimpinella, particularly due to the similarity of leaf characteristics. However, the presence of trifoliolate leaves has been observed in both the isotype specimens and newly collected specimens from the field. Field observations, detailed morphological comparison, mericarp anatomy, and nrITS sequences data have supported the inclusion of this species within the genus Aegokeras. Furthermore, the description of the species P. ibradiensis has been emended, and the diagnostic morphological characters of all Aegokeras species are discussed. Additionally, the geographical distribution of the genus Aegokeras species is mapped, and an identification key with a description of all species is provided.
A checklist of Thismia section Labiothismia (Thismiaceae), reinstated to include Asian species earlier placed in the neotropical T. sect. Glaziocharis
Authors: NURALIEV MAXIM S. , SENNIKOV ALEXANDER N.
Published: August 2024

The paper contributes to a construction of a comprehensive sectional subdivision of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia through elucidating nomenclaturally correct application of the existing names and re-shaping the earlier proposed species groups in line with the ideas on phylogenetic relationships. The name Thismia sect. Glaziocharis widely used for a section accommodating certain Asian and Australian species is here demonstrated to be typified by the neotropical Thismia caudata (≡ Glaziocharis macahensis). This finding in conjunction with the phylogenetic views means that Thismia sect. Glaziocharis is to be applied to a neotropical group of the genus. Moreover, Thismia sect. Glaziocharis is the correct name for Thismia sect. Pyramidalis, since they are based on the same type species and the former name has a nomenclatural priority over the latter. The Asian species commonly placed into Thismia sect. Glaziocharis belong to a monophyletic group that has a single available name at the sectional rank, i.e. Thismia sect. Labiothismia. Thismia sect. Labiothismia is therefore formally reinstated, and a checklist of this section in the new circumscription is provided. The section is currently known to comprise 14 species, including a single North American species of Thismia, and the rest being distributed from India and Japan to Sumatra. Finally, a lectotype is designated for T. huangii.
Ceropegia shivrayiana (Apocynaceae: Ceropegieae), a new species from Western Ghats, India
Authors: JANGAM AKSHAY P. , KAMBALE SHARAD S. , YADAV SHRIRANG R. , MORE RATAN V. , PAWAR NILESH V.
Published: August 2024

A new species Ceropegia shivrayiana A. P. Jangam, Kambale & N. V. Pawar, is described and illustrated here from Vishalgad fort in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state, India. This new species is similar to Ceropegia lawii Hooker f., but differs in having a climbing habit, hairy peduncles, obovate corolla cage with reflexed corolla lobes.
Riccia junghuhniana, (Ricciaceae, Marchantiophyta) a new record for India from the state of Tamil Nadu
Authors: SURESH N. , CARGILL D. CHRISTINE
Published: August 2024

Riccia junghuhniana is reported for the first time on the sub-continent of India. A morphological description including images of the gametophyte and micrographs of spores of the Tamil Nadu plants of Riccia junghuhniana are provided to facilitate identification.
A new genus and two new species of brooding chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the North-Western Pacific
Authors: SIRENKO BORIS I.
Published: August 2024

Kaasichiton n. gen. from the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean is described here. The genus includes four species, all of them are brooding. Two of them, K. lukini and K. incubatus, are transferred from the genus Leptochiton to the new genus, two more, K. ionensis n. sp. and K. kamchatkensis n. sp., are described as new. The new species increase the number of brooding chiton species to 44. Species of the new genus display a considerable variability regarding radular features. This has implications for the significance of these features within other genera, for which a similar variability has been observed.
Rediscovering the unusual Cancellus makrothrix Stebbing, 1924 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) in the “Great African Seaforest”
Authors: LANDSCHOFF JANNES , LEMAITRE RAFAEL
Published: August 2024

The rare diogenid hermit crab Cancellus makrothrix Stebbing, 1924, previously known from only a few specimens collected a century ago from Algoa Bay, South Africa, has been found to be common in the kelp forest known as the “Great African Seaforest”, and rocky reefs, of False Bay, South Africa. This poorly known species, considered “aberrant” by some carcinologists, is one of 17 known in the genus Cancellus H. Milne Edwards, 1836, and the only of the genus known to occur in the coast of southern Africa. Cancelllus makrothrix lives in gastropod shells, whereas all other congenerics live in a variety of petricolous dwellings that are either excavated or worn away into cylindrical cavities. The newly collected material of C. makrothrix in South Africa, together with the study of historical museum specimens has made possible the detailed redescription and taxonomic discussion of this species presented herein, using full illustrations, photographs, and microCT scans. For future reference, the molecular CO1 genetic barcode is reported. A lectotype is selected from Stebbing’s original syntype material found to consist of two specimens: a female of which only several appendages remain, in the Natural History Museum, London, and a male, illustrated in the original description, in the Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town. Taxonomic remarks, comments on biological oddities, brief in situ and laboratory observations of live specimens, and a map summarizing the world distribution of species of Cancellus, are included.
Developing Children’s Motor Skills by Having Fun With Orff’s Approach
Authors: Gencigör Meltem Ceylan , Akın Sinan
Published: August 2024

Environmental factors have a clear effect on children’s motor development and can be manipulated; while biological factors are also powerfully influential, they are more resistant to intervention. Especially in restrictive environments (e.g., the recent pandemic-related shutdown), there can be increased importance to simple, fun, at-home, indoor programs. In this study, we investigated the effects on motor skill development of a movement education program based on the Orff approach, which has long been used in music education. This was an experimental research design involving 78 children, aged 6–7 years old, in two groups (Control Group, n = 39; Experimental Group, n = 39). We used a simple randomization method to determine the groups. We measured the children’s skill levels with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), and we analyzed data using 2 × 2 repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Our results revealed significantly greater improvement in the children’s scores on object control ( p < .001), locomotor skills ( p < .001), and total TGMD-2 ( p < .001) in the experimental group than in the control group. Thus, programs designed with music and rhythm can help ensure that children have fun and are better motivated to participate in activities that have a positive effect on their motor skills.
Commercial Airline Pilots’ Stress Across the Travel Cycle: Multi-Level Stressors, Spillover Effects, and the Role of Resources
Authors: Grant Kirsteen , Garavan Thomas , Holland Peter
Published: August 2024

Commercial airline pilots (CAPs) are a key employee group within the travel industry who are exposed to multi-level institutional and organizational demands that impact their lived experience of stress potentially leading to accidents and incidents. This study explores CAPs’ lived experience of stress and draws on conservation of resources theory and context and travel stage frameworks to investigate unique stressors that CAPs face at different travel stages. Utilizing qualitative data from interviews with 28 CAPs combined with archival data, we surface a range of multi-level factors that impact their lived experience of stress at each travel stage. To cope with stressors, and in the absence of valuable contextual resources, CAPs utilized multiple personal resources. We additionally found evidence of significant spillover across the travel stages. Findings highlight the need to improve contextual resources available to pilots, strengthen their personal resources, and customize support to the requirements of the travel stage.
Sources of solidarity. Between given identity and collective action
Authors: Barbi Guido Niccolò
Published: August 2024

This article discusses possible ways to account for how solidarity comes to be constituted. Beyond accounts tying solidarity either to identity, or to the adherence to a common normative framework, recent scholarship has underscored the role played by collective action in bringing about solidarity. In this paper, I agree that collective action has been often overlooked as a fundamental element in constituting solidarity but warn against the risk of conceptualizing the source of solidarity exclusively in terms of action. Instead, I propose to understand solidarity as resulting from the continuous interaction between two different dimensions of solidarity: constitutive solidarity that centres on collective action, and constituted solidarity which centres on given identities. My paper begins by distinguishing the two meanings of solidarity – constituted and constitutive. The first referring to an (instituted) set of mutual obligations applying to a given group, the second referring to solidarity as underlying social bond, which establishes the solidarity group in the first place. The paper then goes on to discuss three different accounts of constitutive solidarity: identity-based, obligations-based and action-based. I argue that only the action-based account can conceptualise the coming about of new forms of solidarity and the changing scope of the solidarity group. Yet, such accounts are unable to conceptualise how constitutive solidarity can come to ground constituted forms of solidarity, able to endure through time. On this basis, I propose to interpret constitutive and constituted solidarity as two ‘moments’ of solidarity, one symbolically grounding the other, even if not through linear causation. Rather, constitutive solidarity is constantly evolving and constantly contributes to remap the identities depicting social reality, which ground constituted forms of solidarity.
Perfusionist education in Japan: A survey of challenges and current status
Authors: Nagashima Kohei , Kano Hiroya
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to examine the educational challenges faced by perfusionists in Japan. Although Japan has over 400 cardiovascular surgery centers, it performs fewer surgeries than by countries such as Germany and the United States. We focused on challenges related to varying caseloads and working conditions.

Methods

We conducted an online survey containing 24 questions using Google Forms from January to June 2022, targeting perfusionists in Japan. The 24-question survey spanned various educational topics and was approved by the Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee.

Results

Responses were received from 129 perfusionists across 77 institutions. Approximately 70% of these centers managed less than 200 cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cases per year, with a similar proportion of perfusionists handling under 50 CPB cases annually. Challenges in Japanese perfusionist education include enhancing communication and troubleshooting skills and the need for instructors with a broad teaching experience.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the significant differences in caseload and work environments for perfusionists among Japanese institutions. Perfusionists, who often work in clinical engineering, have various responsibilities. These findings highlight the need for improved communication, problem-solving skills, and the implementation of modern teaching technologies. Additionally, this study highlights the complexities of training Japanese perfusionists and underscores the need for more practical, technology-driven educational methods. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving Japan’s healthcare standards and could influence global perfusionist education.
Field Experiments: Here Today Gone Tomorrow?
Authors: List John A.
Published: August 2024

Once believed to be an impossibility, field experiments in economics now occupy a central place in the empiricist’s quiver. In the past few decades alone, field experiments have taken on much greater import in academe, across organizations, as well as for policymakers. But is this emergence simply a fad that will soon return field experiments to obscurity? I argue in this article that there is something fundamental about the emergence of field experiments, as controlling the assignment mechanism in the field provides unparalleled power to both understand the “effects of causes” and the “causes of effects”. This knowledge generation then begins to uncover the generalizability of knowledge. Quite the opposite of a withering tool that will be gone tomorrow, I urge economists to “double down” on this comparative advantage and in doing so I provide four methodological paths which I hope will cement the promise and growth of field experiments in the social sciences.
“I Felt Dirty in a Way a Shower Wouldn’t Fix”: A Qualitative Examination of Sexual Trauma-Related Mental Contamination
Authors: Tipsword Jordyn M. , McCann Jesse P. , Moloney Mairead , Quinkert Ellie M. , Brake C. Alex , Badour Christal L.
Published: August 2024

Trauma-related mental contamination (MC) is a distressing sense of dirtiness that arises absent a contaminant following a traumatic event. Existing work has linked MC to more severe posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among individuals with sexual trauma histories and has begun to characterize some aspects of the experience of trauma-related MC. However, a more nuanced understanding of how individuals experience and respond to trauma-related MC is lacking. The present study explored lived experiences of trauma-related MC among a sample of 34 women with sexual trauma histories using semi-structured qualitative interviews. Women were asked about MC across several domains, including somatic locations where trauma-related MC is experienced; triggers for trauma-related MC; and engagement in MC-related coping strategies, including washing behaviors. Women reported experiencing trauma-related MC in various bodily locations (internal, external, and both). Both overtly trauma-related triggers (e.g., trauma-relevant people or words, sexual contact) and non-trauma-related triggers (e.g., sweating, being around other people) were mentioned. Women also reported experiencing a variety of emotions alongside trauma-related MC (e.g., disgust, shame, anger) and using a range of strategies to cope with trauma-related MC, including washing behaviors, distraction, and substance use. Findings suggest that triggers for and responses to trauma-related MC are heterogeneous. Future work should explore the role of context in individuals’ experiences of and responses to trauma-related MC, as well as whether experiences of trauma-related MC may differ by gender or across settings. Increased understanding of trauma-related MC may inform efforts to more readily and effectively identify and target MC in clinical practice.
Reflections of an Accidental Scholar and the Founding of INGRoup
Authors: Weingart Laurie R.
Published: August 2024

This essay chronicles the pivotal events shaping Laurie Weingart’s esteemed academic career. It begins with an influential letter from Joe McGrath, affirming her research approach and trajectory, bolstering her confidence during a critical career juncture. Weingart traces her academic journey, marked by meaningful collaborations and mentorships, and her significant contributions to the study of group dynamics, negotiation tactics, and conflict. The founding and development of INGRoup, a network fostering interdisciplinary group research, is highlighted as a seminal collective achievement, underscoring her commitment to community-building in academia. Concluding with insights gleaned from mentoring, research, and leadership roles, Weingart advocates for embracing unplanned opportunities, nurturing collaborative relationships, and balancing passion with practicality to navigate a successful academic career. The essay serves as an inspirational guide for emerging scholars, emphasizing resilience, openness to change, and the importance of service to the broader academic community.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Treating Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Children: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yu Xin , Zhu Wengen , Liu Chen , Lu Renrong
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children presents unique challenges due to the limitations of standard anticoagulation therapies. Herein, we aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in pediatric patients with acute VTE.

Methods

PubMed and Embase databases were searched for RCTs comparing DOACs to standard anticoagulation in pediatric VTE patients. Efficacy outcomes included VTE recurrence and all-cause mortality, while safety outcomes comprised major bleeding and other adverse events.

Results

Three RCTs with 790 participants were included. When compared with standard anticoagulation, DOACs demonstrated a reduced risk of VTE recurrence (risk difference[RD] = −3%, 95% confidence interval[CI]: −6% to 0%, P = 0.04) and an increased risk of any adverse event (RD = 8%, 95% CI: 1% to 14%, P = 0.02). No significant differences were found in all-cause mortality, major bleeding, clinically relevant non-major bleeding, or total bleeding between the DOAC and control groups.

Conclusion

DOACs, primarily dabigatran and rivaroxaban, are non-inferior to standard anticoagulants in reducing VTE recurrence in pediatric patients, with comparable safety profiles. Further research is essential to confirm these findings.
Rational use of gastroprotectants in cats: an evidence-based approach
Authors: Tolbert Katie , Stubbs Eric
Published: August 2024

Practical relevance:

Acid-related disorders including esophagitis and gastroduodenal ulceration are uncommon in the cat. However, when they occur, they can have devastating consequences and require targeted intervention, including the use of gastroprotectants. Careful consideration of the causes of esophagitis and gastroduodenal ulceration can help the clinician to determine which gastroprotectant to use, and when to begin and end gastroprotective therapy.

Clinical challenges:

Gastroprotectants remain one of the most misused classes of drugs in veterinary and human medicine. There are very few studies evaluating the efficacy of gastroprotective agents in cats. Furthermore, goals for the degree of gastric acid suppression are extrapolated from studies performed in dogs and humans.

Aims:

This review provides a foundation for the logical approach to the choice of gastroprotectant as indicated by the disease process, and is aimed at all veterinarians who prescribe gastroprotectants for use in cats.

Evidence base:

The guidance provided in this review is supported by current literature, including consensus opinion from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Gaps in evidence for use of gastroprotectants in cats are filled by extrapolations from studies performed in dogs and humans.
Research of coordinated deformation characteristics for diesel engine main bearing based on bearing clearance margin
Authors: Zhao Xin , Shi Jianhua , Wu Ligang , Ma Fukang , Zhang Zhandong , Sheng Bin
Published: August 2024

A method for characterizing coordinated deformation of diesel engine main bearing is proposed to address the problem that traditional evaluation indexes are difficult to accurately characterize the coordinated deformations of the main bearing shell and the crankshaft. The margin between the main bearing clearance and the assembly clearance is employed to judge whether motion interference occurs between the main bearing shell and the crankshaft journal after deformation. The numerical calculation method for the main bearing clearance is proposed. Experiments are designed and conducted to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the evaluation index. The influencing mechanisms of sensitive parameters on the coordinated deformation characteristics of the main bearing are explored based on the orthogonal test. The results show that it is feasible to take the main bearing clearance as the evaluation index of the coordinated deformation. The relative errors between the calculation results and the measurement data of the centripetal radial deformation of the main bearing shell in the preload condition and the main bearing loading condition are less than 7% and 9.7%, respectively, indicating the accuracy of the computational method. The main bearing clearances tend to decrease with the increase of horizontal and vertical bolt loads until they remain basically constant. The main bearing clearance decreases with the increase of the interference followed by a slight increase, while it is positively correlated with the side clearance. This study provides theoretical basis for main bearing stiffness reliable design of HPD diesel engine.
Effect of air pressure and flow on steels materials in simulated wet fire drives
Authors: Lenzo Rais Seki , Kan Changbin , Yang Yanxing
Published: August 2024

The corrosion behaviour of N80, 3Cr, and 5Cr steels were investigated under wet fire drive conditions using a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, weight-loss method, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The findings indicated that elevated air pressure (4–6 MPa) and flow rates (0.5–1.5 m/s) significantly exacerbated corrosion, leading to both localised pitting and general corrosion on the steel samples. Predominant components of the corrosion product scales were identified as FeCO3 and Cr2O3. Notably, N80 steel exhibited higher pitting sensitivity compared to 3Cr and 5Cr steel, whereas 5Cr steel demonstrated superior corrosion resistance under the experimental conditions. Consequently, it is recommended to use cost-effective pipes with adequate corrosion resistance, such as various low-alloy pipes with differing chromium (Cr) contents, in oilfield applications. This study underscores the importance of selecting corrosion-resistant pipes as a primary means of corrosion prevention in oil and gas operations. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the corrosion performance of diverse steel materials in wet fire drive environments, offering pertinent implications for corrosion mitigation strategies within the industry.
The effect of longer epidural duration after open pancreaticoduodenectomy on pain and mobilisation: A retrospective single-centre analysis
Authors: Tankel James , Shay Shahaf , Wimpfheimer Ariel , Neumann Michael , Berko Robert , Reissman Petachia , Ben Haim Menahem , Dagan Amir
Published: August 2024

Background:

The optimal length of epidural use following open pancreaticoduodenectomy has not been defined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the length of patient-controlled epidural analgesia affected pain and ability to mobilise on epidural termination following open pancreaticoduodenectomy in the context of enhanced recovery after surgery.

Methods:

A retrospective single-centre cohort analysis was performed between November 2015 and December 2021 on patients who underwent open pancreaticoduodenectomy. As part of a continual review process of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol, patient-controlled epidural analgesia duration changed allowing stratification of patients into either three- or five-day patient-controlled epidural analgesia groups.

Results:

Of the 196 patients identified, 157 were included with 80 (50.9%) and 77 (49.1%) allocated to the three-day and five-day patient-controlled epidural analgesia groups, respectively. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia termination on postoperative day 3 was associated with transiently higher pain and less mobilisation, although no greater rescue analgesia requirement. Conversely, longer patient-controlled epidural analgesia usage following open pancreaticoduodenectomy was associated with less pain and greater mobilisation in the immediate postoperative period.

Conclusions:

Earlier patient-controlled epidural analgesia termination transiently leads to increased pain and decreased mobilisation following open pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ensuring appropriate analgesia requirements or longer patient-controlled epidural analgesia usage should be considered to avoid patient discomfort and enhance recovery.
An exploration of intensive care unit patents’ experiences of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) as a screening tool for cognitive functioning at different points in recovery from critical illness
Authors: Clarke Rachel , Hannan Aishah , Chow Homen , Bowering-Sheehan Lydia , Kerrison Kristy , Bullock Amelia , Schofield Holly
Published: August 2024

Being critically ill can result in cognitive change. Cognitive functioning should be screened at different points in the care pathway, and it is important to understand patient’s experience of this process. A service evaluation examined fifteen in-patients’ and eleven outpatients’ experiences of completing the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: (1) willingness & acceptability (2) strengths and weaknesses (3) factors affecting performance and (4) improving delivery. Generally, patients accepted the ACE-III and valued cognitive screening. Consideration is given to areas for development.
Neighbours of the empire: Images of Russia in Lithuanian and Polish textbooks
Authors: Błaszczak Tomasz , Głowacka-Grajper Małgorzata , Kamuntavičius Rūstis , Nowakowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

In the paper, we analyze the image of the Soviet Union and Russia presented by the Lithuanian and Polish states to the youngest generation. Our empirical data comes from textbooks for social sciences and recent history, beginning from the gaining independence of both countries after the First World War until the aggression on Ukraine in 2014. We focused on the ways of presenting to the pupils the politics, society, and culture of the Soviet and Russian states. We show how textbooks present the Russian state as irrational and dangerous and how the longue durée of the imperial thinking is seen as the leitmotiv of the narratives on Russian history.
Predicting telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation in glioma: A systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Amin , Dinpazhouh Ali , Aliasgary Aliakbar , Mirjani Mohammad Sina , Mousavinasab Mehdi , Ahmadi Mohammad Reza , Minaee Poriya , Eazi SeyedMohammad , Shafizadeh Milad , Gurses Muhammet Enes , Lu Victor M. , Berke Chandler N. , Ivan Michael E. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Shah Ashish H.
Published: August 2024

Background

Glioma is one of the most common primary brain tumors. The presence of the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (pTERT) mutation is associated with a better prognosis. This study aims to investigate the TERT mutation in patients with glioma using machine learning (ML) algorithms on radiographic imaging.

Method

This study was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 1, 2023. The statistical analysis was performed using the MIDAS package of STATA v.17.

Results

A total of 22 studies involving 5371 patients were included for data extraction, with data synthesis based on 11 reports. The analysis revealed a pooled sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78–0.92) and a specificity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.72–0.86). The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.23 (95% CI: 2.99–5.99) and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.11–0.29), respectively. The pooled diagnostic score was 3.18 (95% CI: 2.45–3.91), with a diagnostic odds ratio 24.08 (95% CI: 11.63–49.87). The Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.91).

Conclusion

The study suggests that ML can predict TERT mutation status in glioma patients. ML models showed high sensitivity (0.86) and moderate specificity (0.80), aiding disease prognosis and treatment planning. However, further development and improvement of ML models are necessary for better performance metrics and increased reliability in clinical practice.
The impact of consistent pressure ulcer prevention practice on nursing staff's pressure ulcer prevention knowledge: A quasi-experimental intervention study
Authors: Mäki-Turja-Rostedt Sirpa , Leino-Kilpi Helena , Vahlberg Tero , Haavisto Elina
Published: August 2024

Nursing staff's pressure ulcer (PU) prevention knowledge in long-term older people care (LOPC) varies. In particular, more evidence is needed to improve the knowledge of nursing staff with a lower level of education with context-tailored interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intervention on nursing staff's PU prevention knowledge. The intervention, a consistent PU prevention practice for nursing staff based on international guidelines, was developed and implemented using the OMEBP model. The data were collected in two LOPC facilities from 253 registered and practical nurses using the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge test. In the intervention facility, knowledge improved in three PU prevention areas and in the total sum. Context-tailored PU prevention practice interventions focusing on nursing staff in LOPC facilities should be developed and these aspects should also be included in lower-level nursing staff's education.
Do Posterior Neck Lumps Need Ultrasound Evaluation: A Case Series of 623 Neck Ultrasound Studies at a Single Institution
Authors: Siddiqui Atif , Chua Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Introduction/Objectives:

Neck lumps are a common presentation to primary care services. The aetiology of posterior neck lumps is poorly explored in the literature, and therefore remain a concern to patients and clinicians. This often results in an urgent referral for ultrasound assessment. The authors of this study sought to evaluate the aetiology of posterior neck lumps from a radiological perspective, to assess whether ultrasound can be used as a useful adjunct, rather than a first-line urgent investigation.

Methods:

A retrospective case series was carried out, examining all primary care referred ultrasound studies for assessment of posterior neck lumps, performed at a single institution in Essex, United Kingdom, over a period of over 10 years dating between 2nd February 2012 to 8th November 2022. Data was collected on: patient age at the time of study, patient sex, whether the lump was single or multiple as palpated and documented by the primary care physician, size of the lump to the nearest 0.5 cm as documented on ultrasound using the longest dimension, sonographic diagnosis and any follow up imaging (not limited to ultrasound).

Results:

A total of 623 neck ultrasounds were performed on 615 adults. Of the overall radiological diagnoses made from the 623 scans, 555 (89.09%) scans were benign, 63 (10.11%) scans had no lump found on sonography, and 3 (0.48%) scans showed malignancy. In the remaining 2 (0.32%) scans, the lump was deemed indeterminate. The most common aetiologies for benign lumps were due to: normal lymph nodes (n = 263; 42.21%), lipomas (n = 152; 24.39%), and benign dermal cysts (n = 105; 16.85%). All 3 malignant cases had co-existing anterior and posterior neck lumps.

Conclusions:

Given that the overwhelming majority of posterior neck lumps in our study had benign findings, we propose that patients with solitary or even multiple posterior neck lumps alone, regardless of size can either be investigated routinely or can be reassured depending on other clinical examination characteristics. Patients who have the presence of co-existing anterior and posterior neck palpable neck lumps justifies urgent or 2-week wait radiological investigation.
Nitrogen starvation leads to TOR kinase-mediated downregulation of fatty acid synthesis in the algae Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Vijayan Jithesh , Alvarez Sophie , Naldrett Michael J. , Morse Wyatt , Maliva Amanda , Wase Nishikant , Riekhof Wayne R.
Published: August 2024

Background

When subject to stress conditions such as nutrient limitation microalgae accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG). Fatty acid, a substrate for TAG synthesis is derived from de novo synthesis or by membrane remodeling. The model industrial alga Chlorellasorokiniana accumulates TAG and other storage compounds under nitrogen (N)-limited growth. Molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are still to be elucidated.

Result

Previously we used transcriptomics to explore the regulation of TAG synthesis in C. sorokiniana. Surprisingly, our analysis showed that the expression of several key genes encoding enzymes involved in plastidic fatty acid synthesis are significantly repressed. Metabolic labeling with radiolabeled acetate showed that de novo fatty acid synthesis is indeed downregulated under N-limitation. Likewise, inhibition of the Target of Rapamycin kinase (TOR), a key regulator of metabolism and growth, decreased fatty acid synthesis. We compared the changes in proteins and phosphoprotein abundance using a proteomics and phosphoproteomics approach in C. sorokiniana cells under N-limitation or TOR inhibition and found extensive overlap between the N-limited and TOR-inhibited conditions. We also identified changes in the phosphorylation status of TOR complex proteins, TOR-kinase, and RAPTOR, under N-limitation. This indicates that TOR signaling is altered in a nitrogen-dependent manner. We find that TOR-mediated metabolic remodeling of fatty acid synthesis under N-limitation is conserved in the chlorophyte algae Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that under N-limitation there is significant metabolic remodeling, including fatty acid synthesis, mediated by TOR signaling. This process is conserved across chlorophyte algae. Using proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis, we show that N-limitation affects TOR signaling and this in-turn affects the metabolic status of the cells. This study presents a link between N-limitation, TOR signaling and fatty acid synthesis in green-lineage.
The evaluation value of atherogenic index of plasma and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for the degree of coronary artery lesion in premature coronary artery disease
Authors: Song Yuwei , Wang Mengmeng , Li Yijun , Lian Yajun
Published: August 2024

Background

Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is prevailing. We aimed to investigate the evaluation value of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) for the occurrence and severity of coronary artery lesion in PCAD patients.

Methods

PCAD (PACD group)/non-PCAD (control group) patients were enrolled. The coronary artery lesion degree was evaluated using Gensini score (GS). PCAD patients were allocated into the low/medium/high GS groups, with general clinical baseline data analyzed. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels were compared in PCAD patients with different disease degree. Correlations between plasma hs-CRP/AIP with Gensini score, independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of PCAD, and the predictive value of hs-CRP/AIP/their combination for the occurrence and degree of PCAD were evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis/Logistic multivariate regression/receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The differences in the area under the curve (AUC) were compared using MedCalc-Comparison of ROC curves.

Results

Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels in the PCAD group were increased. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels varied significantly among PCAD patients with different disease degree. Plasma hs-CRP/AIP levels were markedly positively correlated with the Gensini score. Smoking history/homocysteine/fasting blood-glucose/hs-CRP/AIP were all independent risk factors affecting PCAD occurrence. The AUC of hs-CRP and AIP combination predicting the occurrence of PCAD was 0.950 (90.80% sensitivity/93.33% specificity). hs-CRP/AIP combination assisted in predicting the disease degree in PCAD patients.

Conclusions

AIP and hs-CRP are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PCAD, and their combination has high predictive value for PCAD occurrence and disease degree, which are both positively correlated with coronary artery lesion degree.
The effect of solid food diet therapies on the induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Jennifer Li , Vootukuru Nikil , Niewiadomski Olga
Published: August 2024

Background

The efficacy of highly restrictive dietary therapies such as exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in the induction of remission in Crohn’s disease (CD) are well established, however, ongoing issues exist with its poor palatability, restrictions, and adherence. The primary aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy of exclusively solid food diets on the induction and maintenance of clinical and biochemical remission in CD. Secondary aims include impact on endoscopic healing and quality of life.

Methods

A systematic review of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs), open-label randomised trials and head-to-head clinical trials assessing solid food diet intervention in patients with active or inactive Crohn’s disease was conducted. Studies included adult and paediatric patients with a verified disease activity index at baseline and follow up (Harvey Bradshaw Index, HBI; Crohn’s disease activity index, CDAI and paediatric CDAI, PCDAI). Additional secondary endpoints varied between studies, including endoscopic and biochemical responses, as well as quality of life measures. Two authors independently performed critical appraisals of the studies, including study selection and risk of bias assessments.

Results

14 studies were included for review, with several studies suggesting clinically significant findings. Clinical remission was achieved in a paediatric population undertaking the Mediterranean diet (MD) (moderate risk of bias). In adults, the Crohn’s disease exclusion diet (CDED) was comparable to the CDED with partial enteral nutrition (PEN) diet in induction of remission (moderate risk of bias). A low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet was also shown to decrease symptoms in patients with quiescent or mildly active CD (high risk of bias), however, this was not corroborated by other low FODMAP diet studies.

Conclusions

There are promising outcomes for the MD and CDED in inducing clinical remission in mild to moderate CD. The results need to be interpreted with caution due to design limitations, including issues with combining outcomes among CD and UC patients, and small sample size. The current evidence for solid food dietary therapy in CD is limited by the lack of high quality studies and moderate to high bias. Future well designed studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.