bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urbanização e mobilidade em Curitiba: gênese, desenvolvimento e reflexões
Authors: Crocetti Zeno
Published: August 2017

A cidade de Curitiba é conhecida internacionalmente pelo eficiente e inovador sistema de transporte coletivo. Como todas as ideias novas, o sistema que possibilitou a integração urbana de Curitiba foi cercado de dúvidas. Não foi incentivada a integração independente dos municípios da Região Metropolita, favorecendo a dependência da capital. Alternativa seria o subsídio ou tarifas por anel, que também promoveriam o desenvolvimento e independência dos municípios. O custo do transporte ou de informatização/automação é muito elevado, o que dificulta parcerias com a iniciativa privada para investimentos.
NOx emission trends over Chinese cities estimated from OMI observations during 2005 to 2015
Authors: Liu Fei , Beirle Steffen , Zhang Qiang , van der A Ronald J. , Zheng Bo , Tong Dan , He Kebin
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Satellite nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations have been widely used to evaluate emission changes. To determine trends in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission over China, we used a method independent of chemical transport models to quantify the NOx emissions from 48 cities and seven power plants over China, on the basis of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 observations from 2005 to 2015. We found that NOx emissions over 48 Chinese cities increased by 52 % from 2005 to 2011 and decreased by 21 % from 2011 to 2015. The decrease since 2011 could be mainly attributed to emission control measures in power sector; while cities with different dominant emission sources (i.e., power, industrial, and transportation sectors) showed variable emission decline timelines that corresponded to the schedules for emission control in different sectors. The time series of the derived NOx emissions was consistent with the bottom-up emission inventories for all power plants (r = 0. 8 on average), but not for some cities (r = 0. 4 on average). The lack of consistency observed for cities was most probably due to the high uncertainty of bottom-up urban emissions used in this study, which were derived from downscaling the regional-based emission data to city level by using spatial distribution proxies.
The impact on global magnetohydrodynamic simulations from varying initialisation methods: results from GUMICS-4
Authors: Lakka Antti , Pulkkinen Tuija I. , Dimmock Andrew P. , Osmane Adnane , Honkonen Ilja , Palmroth Minna , Janhunen Pekka
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We investigate the effects of different initialisation methods of the GUMICS-4 global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation to the dynamics in different parts of the Earth's magnetosphere and hence compare five 12 h simulation runs that were initiated by 3 h of synthetic data and followed by 9 h of solar wind measurements using the OMNI data as input. As a reference, we use a simulation run that includes nearly 60 h of OMNI data as input prior to the 9 h interval examined with different initialisations. The selected interval is a high-speed stream event during a 10-day interval (12–22 June 2007). The synthetic initialisations include stepwise, linear and sinusoidal functions of the interplanetary magnetic field with constant density and velocity values. The results show that the solutions converge within 1 h to give a good agreement in both the bow shock and the magnetopause position. However, the different initialisation methods lead to local differences which should be taken into consideration when comparing model results to satellite measurements.
A BAYESIAN NETWORK FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION
OF LUNAR IMPACT CRATERS BASED ON OPTICAL IMAGES AND DEM DATA
Authors: Yang J. , Kang Z.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Impact craters are among the most noticeable geo-morphological features on the planetary surface and yield significant information on terrain evolution and the history of the solar system. Thus, the recognition of lunar impact craters is an important branch of modern planetary studies. To address problems associated with the insufficient and inaccurate detection of lunar impact craters, this paper extends the strategy that integrates multi-source data and proposes a Bayesian Network (BN) framework for the automatic recognition of impact craters that is based on CCD stereo camera images and associated Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The method uses the SVM model to fit the probability distribution of the impact craters in the feature space. SVM model, whose output is used as the intermediate posterior probability, is embedded in the Bayesian network as a node, and the final posterior probability is obtained by integration under the Bayesian network. We validated our proposed framework with both CCD stereo camera images acquired by the Chang’e-2 satellite and DEM data acquired by Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can provide a very high level of accuracy in the recognition phase. Moreover, the results showed a significant improvement in the detection rate, particularly for the detection of sub-kilometer craters, compared with previous approaches.
ACCURATE REGISTRATION OF THE CHANG’E-1 IIM DATA BASED ON LRO LROC-WAC MOSICA DATA
Authors: Yang Z. , Kang Z.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In the detection of the moon, the visible and near-infrared reflectance data of the lunar material are important information sources for lunar chemical substances and mineral inversion. The Interferometer Imaging Spectrometer (IIM) aboard the Chang'E-1 lunar orbiter is the first multispectral imaging spectrometer for Chinese lunar missions. In this paper, we use the mosaic image of global moon acquired by the Wide-angle Camera (WAC) of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) to realize the accurate registration of Chang'E-1 IIM hyperspectral images. Due to the lack of GCPs, the emphasis of this work is to find a huge number of homologous points. The method proposed in this paper is to obtain several homologous points by manually matching, and then we utilize those points to calculate the initial homography matrix of LROC-WAC image and IIM image. This matrix is used to predict the area on IIM image where homologous points may be located, and the locations of the homologous points are determined by the orientation correlation in frequency domain. Finally we save the parts of homologous points which satisfied the conversion relationship of initial homography matrix to calculate homography matrix again. We use this iterative way to obtain a more accurate location of the homologous points. In this process, we take into account that the geometric deformations of different regions on IIM image are quite different. Therefore, we added image threshold segmentation based on the initial homography matrix in the experiment, and completed the above work of finding the homologous points on the segmented images. The final realization of registration accuracy of IIM images are in 1–2 pixels (RMSE). This provides a reliable data assurance for the subsequent study of using IIM images to inverse the lunar elements.
Impact of MODIS sensor calibration updates on Greenland Ice Sheet surface reflectance and albedo trends
Authors: Casey Kimberly A. , Polashenski Chris M. , Chen Justin , Tedesco Marco
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We evaluate Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface reflectance and albedo trends using the newly released Collection 6 (C6) MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products over the period 2001–2016. We find that the correction of MODIS sensor degradation provided in the new C6 data products reduces the magnitude of the surface reflectance and albedo decline trends obtained from previous MODIS data (i.e., Collection 5, C5). Collection 5 and 6 data product analysis over GrIS is characterized by surface (i.e., wet vs. dry) and elevation (i.e., 500–2000 m, 2000 m and greater) conditions over the summer season from 1 June to 31 August. Notably, the visible-wavelength declining reflectance trends identified in several bands of MODIS C5 data from previous studies are only slightly detected at reduced magnitude in the C6 versions over the dry snow area. Declining albedo in the wet snow and ice area remains over the MODIS record in the C6 product, albeit at a lower magnitude than obtained using C5 data. Further analyses of C6 spectral reflectance trends show both reflectance increases and decreases in select bands and regions, suggesting that several competing processes are contributing to Greenland Ice Sheet albedo change. Investigators using MODIS data for other ocean, atmosphere and/or land analyses are urged to consider similar re-examinations of trends previously established using C5 data.
Effect of Explicit Spoken Grammar Instruction on Raising Pre-Intermediate Iranian EFL Learners’ Competence
Authors: Mowlaie Bahram , Mirzaei Mona
Published: August 2017

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of explicit instruction of four main spoken grammar features of heads, tails, progressive past tense, and ellipsis on raising EFL learners’ awareness of them. The main impetus came from the fact that these features are usually ignored in ELT textbooks because nearly all grammatical points are restricted to written grammar. To this end, 23 female EFL learners in pre-intermediate level whose homogeneity was confirmed using KET test, were assigned to an experimental group. A pretest was conducted to determine their current level awareness of the spoken features aforementioned. A posttest was administered after 10 sessions of awareness-raising oriented instruction. The data analysis showed that it is both possible and potentially desirable to apply explicit instruction to raise learners’ awareness of aspects of native speaker spoken grammar to EFL learners. The study can have educational implications for language teachers and learners in EFL context.
Continuidades y cambios de la Matriz Sociopolítica en Chile desde la reinauguración democrática
Authors: De la Fuente Gloria
Published: August 2017

Utilizando el enfoque que proporciona la Matriz Sociopolítica (MSP) para el análisis de las transformaciones sociales y considerando dos elementos centrales de la matriz, esto es, el régimen político y el modelo de desarrollo, se examinan las principales características de la MSP clásica o Estatal Nacional Popular (MENP) en Chile durante parte importante del siglo XX, para luego analizar el efecto que tiene el golpe de Estado de 1973 y la dictadura en Chile en estos componentes de la MSP. Con este análisis a la vista, el documento estudia sobre aquellos elementos de la MSP que presentan patrones de continuidad, cambio y tendencias emergentes en Chile desde la recuperación de la democracia en 1990.Palabras clave: Régimen político - modelo de desarrollo - matriz sociopolítica.
The Attitudes of Internal Auditors to Internal Audit Practice in Post-communist Countries - Case of Albania
Authors: Uc Mustafa , Shehu Dritan
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to reveal the attitudes of internal auditors, towards overall internal audit practices in the post-communist country of Albania. The study presents the current state of internal audit practices in Albania from eyes of the internal auditors themselves. The study will explore the independence of the internal auditors, the level of professionalism they exhibit, the use of international standards, and whether current regulations are resulting in higher quality work in the profession. In order to study these objectives, a 169-person questionnaire was conducted, all participants where internal auditors from public and private sectors in Albania. The research findings of the study reveal that internal auditors can be assessed as independent in Albania, and that the private sector is the most independent. Regarding professionalism, internal auditors are able to detect and prevent fraud in companies. In this paper, we examine the international standards of auditing that are used by Albanian auditors; the international standards are really useful for internal auditors in Albania, even though there is much room for improvement. The number of participants was limited of 169 and analyzed one country. For the future researches questionnaire can be conducted more than one country to have comparative analysis. One improvement needed is the adaptation of the international standards in national regulations. This will make the international standards easier to apply and understand the standards in Albania.
Testing the Predicting Ability of Technical Analysis Classical Patterns in the Egyptian Stock Market
Authors: El-Ansary Osama , Mohssen Dina
Published: August 2017

As an emerging market, Egyptian stock market is characterized by inefficiency which is confirmed empirically in this research. This provoked us to test the ability of technical analysis classical patterns in predicting the future returns through calculating the expected price target consequently the expected future return and compare it with the actual return.Statistical techniques and models including Box Pierce (Ljung-Box), Variance ratio test, Runs test, and t-test bootstrapping technique have been applied to test the research proposed hypotheses. The empirical results revealed that the Egyptian stock market is inefficient as returns don’t follow random walk and are dependent, it is found also that the actual returns have significantly exceeded the expected returns of the detected patterns indicating that classical patterns can perfectly predict the direction of the price movements rather than the exact price targets.
Dynamic Stochastic Factors, Risk Management and the Energy Futures
Authors: Guo Zi-Yi , Luo Yangxiaoteng
Published: August 2017

The world crude oil prices have dropped dramatically, and consequently the oil market has become very volatile and risky in the last several years. Since energy markets play very important roles in the international economy and have led several global economic crises, risk management of energy products prices becomes very important for both academicians and market participants. Schwartz and Smith’s model (2000) is applied to calculate risk measures of Brent oil futures contracts and light sweet crude oil (WTI) futures contracts. The model includes a long-term factor and a short-term factor. We show that the two factors explain the Samuelson effect well and the model present well goodness of fit. Our back testing results demonstrate that the models provide satisfactory risk measures for listed crude oil futures contracts.
Influence of Cell Surface and Nanomechanical Properties on the Flocculation Ability of Industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains
Authors: Nayyar Ashima , Walker Graeme , Canetta Elisabetta , Wardrop Forbes , Adya Ashok K.
Published: August 2017

In the past few years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has provided novel information on the ultrastructural and nanomechanical properties of yeast cell walls that play a major role in determining the flocculation characteristics of the yeasts. In this study, we used AFM to visualize at the nanoscale the cell surface topography and to determine cell wall nanomechanical properties (e.g. elasticity and adhesion) of different strains of S. cerevisiae employed for brewing, winemaking and fuel alcohol production. Cell surface topography was found to correlate with the flocculation behaviour of these strains during their late stationary phase, with the cell surface of flocculent cells being rougher than that of weakly flocculent cells. The elastic modulus of the yeast cell walls showed that weakly flocculent strains had a more rigid cell wall than highly flocculent strains. This difference in elasticity seemed to have an effect on the adhesive properties of the yeast cell walls, with weakly flocculent yeasts displaying lower adhesion energy than the highly flocculent strains. These findings seem to indicate that yeast cell surface nanomechanical properties play an important role in governing flocculation.
Reverse Mentoring – Benefits to Organisation
Authors: Łużniak‑Piecha Magdalena , Kaczkowska‑Serafińska Magdalena , Lenton Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

Mentoring is a  widely used and recognised development tool supporting the
engagement and retention of intellectual potential of organisations. Reverse mentoring
is also becoming more widely practised by high performing organisations, and is the
subject of this paper. The article discusses the types of mentoring, and differences
between the classic and reverse mentoring. In the second part of the analysis a case
study is presented describing practical implementation of reverse mentoring in one of
the most influential government agencies in London – the Greater London Authority
(GLA). GLA is the strategic government of the capital of the UK.
Niezgodność przekonań i działań menedżerów wobec pracowników w wieku 55+
Authors: Stankiewicz Katarzyna
Published: August 2017

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki postaw i działań menedżerów wobec pracowników w wieku
55+. W literaturze dotyczącej zarządzania wiekiem przytaczane są wyniki badań na temat
cech charakteryzujących starszych pracowników. Porównuje się je czasem z cechami przy‑
pisywanymi pracownikom młodym. Cel prezentowanych w artykule badań sformułowany
został nieco inaczej i dotyczył zweryfikowania zbieżności zalet przypisywanych starszym
pracownikom przez menedżerów z cechami wymaganymi od osób nowo zatrudnianych
w organizacji. W wypadku stwierdzenia takiej zbieżności celem dodatkowym była ocena
działań podejmowanych dla zachęcenia starszych pracowników do przedłużonej aktyw‑
ności zawodowej. Opisane badania przeprowadzone zostały w ramach międzynarodowego
projektu Best Agers Lighthouses – Strategic Age Management for SME in the Baltic Sea Region
z  wykorzystaniem metody wywiadu pogłębionego wśród 61 menedżerów dziewięciu
organizacji biorących udział w  projekcie. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na niezgodność
pomiędzy przekonaniami prezentowanymi przez uczestniczących w badaniu menedżerów
a działaniami podejmowanymi przez nich wobec starszych pracowników.
Measuring HRM Effectiveness as a Challenge to Contemporary HRM Scientists (HRM Context)
Authors: Hoffmann Kinga
Published: August 2017

The paper presents the issue of measuring HR effectiveness. Author refers to interna‑tional human resource management and tries to explain how wide and complicated the phenomenon is. The aim of the paper is to recognize the problem of measuring HRM effectiveness. The method used in the research process is a  literature overview. Thus the author managed to recognize the problem of measuring HRM effectiveness, indicate the gap in previous scientific work and specify the author’s own field for developing in future. The paper consists of following parts: introduction, theoretical assumptions of the HR effectiveness, results of a literature overview on HRM effectiveness including the international context, conclusions.
Humanistyka i ekonomia na początku XXI wieku
Rozważania wokół książki Jamesa F. Englisha Ekonomia prestiżu. Nagrody, wyróżnienia i wymiana wartości kulturowej oraz innych rozpraw humanistyczno‑ekonomicznych
Authors: Iwasiów Sławomir
Published: August 2017

Во второй декаде ХХI века связи гуманитарных наук и экономии кажутся неизбежными. Этот не всегда бесконфликтный брак можно заметить в разных – чтобы воспользоваться терминологией Pierre a  Bourdieu – сферах общественной
деятельности: начиная от финансирования культурных мероприятий через
гуманитарное образование на всех уровнях и этапах обучения, особенно
в перспективе идеи long life learning до радикальных для культуры изменений СМИ ,
связанных с развитием новых технологий. Экономия влияет на гуманитарные науки,
а гуманитарные науки неоднократно становятся объектом познания для экономии.
Не всегда между представителями этих научных дисциплин имеет место полное
взаимопонимание. Поисков найти это взаимопонимание между представителями
гуманитарных наук и экономистами, как раз и касается эта статья.

Слова‑ключи: экономия культуры, современность, гуманитарные науки, филология
‑ экономия.
Women‑dedicated Leadership Programs as One of More Effective Methods of Developing Women Leaders– Current Status and Future Vision in Companies in Poland
Authors: Schwertner Monika
Published: August 2017

This paper considers the important role of developmental programs designed and run specifically for women, not as the only training offer recommended for them but as an addition to other leadership courses. The author examines first companies engagement in the idea of promoting women leadership and their strategies of achieving tangible effects in this matter. Based on a survey, the author checks whether female employees in Poland are provided with women‑dedicated leadership programs and whether the newest scien‑ tific findings on the benefits of women‑dedicated programs are considered by companies when they plan development paths for women‑employees. At the end the author inves‑ tigates on attractiveness of the idea of women‑dedicated leadership programs for female employees in Poland and what kind of benefits they would expect from participating in such programs.
Aktywność aksjologiczna realizowana w procesach wychowawczych w środowisku akademickim
Authors: Kapias Michał
Published: August 2017

Резко изменяющаяся действительность, пропагандирующая идеи современности, имеет огромнейшее влияние на разные сферы человеческой культурной деятельности. В значительной степени она влияет как на мораль человека, так и всего общества. Одним из элементов культуры является образование. Высшие учебные заведения особенным образом чувствительны ко всем видам новинок в области идеологии, которые имеют существенное влияние на проводимые научные исследования. Резкое нарушение системы ценностей в этой среде может привести к серьёзным экзистециональным искажениям как по отношению к отдельным лицам, так и всем институтам. В связи с этим существенную роль играет образование в  академической среде. Существенным его элементом является аксиологическая сфера. Институциональным способом эту роль можна реализовать путём внедрения соответствующих этических кодексов. Слова‑ключи: ценности, мораль, образование, академическая среда, личность.
Studencka informacja zwrotna w zarządzaniu jakością studiów. Jak obudzić wykładowców i studentów?
Authors: Trojanowska Monika
Published: August 2017

-
Changes in Perception of Roles of Medical Managers
in Public Hospital
Authors: Striker Małgorzata
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this article is presentation of the changes in the perception of
the roles of medical managers (mainly doctors and nurses), which are the result
of the economization and managerialism in health care. The analysis is based on
desk research and results of the research carried out among medical staff working
in wards in three public hospitals in Poland. Studies have confirmed the duality
of the role of head doctors and the differences in perception of these problems
between physicians and nurses. Nurses expect that the head doctor, combining
medical and management functions, will be primarily an efficient manager. The
physicians want to be led by a medical master, although they have no doubt that
the head doctor must take into account economic conditions, which is reflected in
their professional work. Because of qualitative nature of the research, the results
are not representative but they indicate the problem of assessing the effects of
increasing the role of management and economics in medicine.
MUDANÇA ORGANIZACIONAL: OS EFEITOS DOS ESTILOS DE LIDERANÇA NO COMPORTAMENTO DOS TRABALHADORES
Authors: Policarpo Renata Veloso Santos , Borges Renata Simôes Guimarães e
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre as temáticas estilos de liderança e mudança organizacional. Mais especificamente, este estudo procura identificar como  os estilos de liderança podem influenciar o comportamento individual de resistência ou aceitação dos trabalhadores em relação à mudança organizacional. Como resultado, foi possível também propor algumas hipóteses indicando possibilidades para futuras pesquisas. Procedeu-se a um resgate na literatura sobre as principais correntes teóricas sobre mudança organizacional, focando principalmente nas reações individuais à mudança e nos estilos de liderança considerando as abordagens atuais denominadas liderança transacional e transformacional. Em seguida, foram identificadas as possíveis relações entre os estilos de liderança e as reações individuais à mudança organizacional, podendo esta assumir o caráter de cooperação ou de resistência. A literatura apresenta algumas indicações de que líderes transformacionais podem direcionar seus seguidores para um comportamento de aceitação às mudanças empreendidas, enquanto os líderes transacionais seriam aqueles que com sua atuação levariam seus seguidores a assumirem um comportamento de resistência. Já os líderes laissez-faire conduziriam seus seguidores a um comportamento de resistência ou de neutralidade face à mudança. Algumas implicações para pesquisas futuras são discutidas.
AS “PRAXIS” E PRÁTICAS QUE CONSTITUEM O TRABALHO ESTRATÉGICO DOS CONSULTORES: A ANÁLISE DO CONTEXTO PORTUGUÊS À LUZ DO CAMPO DE PESQUISA DA ESTRATÉGIA-COMO-PRÁTICA
Authors: Costa Renato J. Lopes da , António Nelson S.
Published: August 2017

Numa retrospetiva histórica, embora a literatura existente apelide o setor de consultoria de gestão como um setor extraordinário e um fenómeno único no contexto empresarial, sucede que os estudos realizados neste âmbito não trazem para o estado da arte as ações e interações no campo da pesquisa estratégica, nem para o campo de investigação a complexidade social e a ambiguidade causal da visão básica de análise dos recursos. Enfatizando o estudo no domínios H e G da tipologia dos nove domínios da pesquisa da “estratégia-como-prática” e a partir de uma análise empírica sob a forma de entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários aplicados a consultores de gestão e gestores de PME em Portugal, este artigo visa apresentar um conjunto de ações e orientações estratégicas para os consultores de gestão que os possam conduzir eficientemente na direção de maiores índices de desempenho organizacional.
Endorsing narratives under threat: Maintaining perceived collective continuity through the protective power of ingroup narratives in Northern Ireland and Cyprus
Authors: Smeekes Anouk , McKeown Shelley , Psaltis Charis
Published: August 2017

In historically divided societies, narratives play an important role in understanding the maintenance and perception of identities and group status over time. Moving beyond the consequences of identity continuity perceptions, in this paper we were interested in the antecedents of perceived collective continuity, specifically the role of narratives and threat perceptions. We predicted that endorsement of ingroup narratives would be associated with higher perceived continuity through stronger perceptions of group threat. To test this hypothesis, we recruited participants from both majority and minority groups in Northern Ireland (N = 268) and in Cyprus (N = 413) to complete an online survey to examine their endorsement of ingroup and outgroup narratives, their perceptions of identity continuity and feelings of threat. We tested these predictions with path analyses. In line with our hypothesis, results demonstrate that, for both majority and minority groups, if group members feel threatened they are more likely to endorse their ingroup historical narrative as this helps them to maintain a sense of continuity of their ingroup identity. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of considering narratives in intergroup relations.
Doença terminal: A construção da integridade familiar no cuidador idoso
Authors: Marques Filipa Daniela , Mendes Inês
Published: August 2017

Objetivos

Cuidar de uma pessoa no fim da vida é um evento cada vez mais comum e constitui um desafio a nível físico, emocional, relacional e desenvolvimental. A integridade familiar, processo emocional caraterizado por sentimentos de conexão, continuidade e pertença na família, constitui um desafio normal no desenvolvimento das pessoas idosas, influenciado por fatores do sistema familiar. Este estudo explora as experiências de pessoas idosas cuidadoras principais de familiares com doença terminal e analisa a sua influência na construção da integridade familiar.

Método

Foi administrada uma entrevista semiestruturada 10 cuidadoras familiares (65 a 80 anos).

Resultados

Os resultados indicam que a prestação de cuidados familiares a pessoas com doença terminal constitui uma oportunidade de manifestação de apoio/responsabilidade familiar. Emergem especificidades relacionadas com o ato de cuidar que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da integridade familiar, nomeadamente: i) sentimentos de utilidade que alimentam o dever cumprido; ii) transmissão de um legado familiar simbólico (pautado pela ajuda ao próximo); iii) divisão de tarefas e responsabilidade familiar que garantem a perceção do apoio recebido e a libertação do ato de cuidar.

Conclusão

Conclusão este estudo contribui para a valorização do cuidador familiar idoso e do sistema familiar como um todo, enaltecendo as alterações na configuração e dinâmica familiar.
Determination and Elimination of Microbial Load from Pickle’s Brand in Karachi
Authors: Atifa Jamil Kazmi  , Naireen Altaf  , Sayyada Ghufrana Nadeem
Published: August 2017

The study is the elementary step to determine the causes of spoilage of fermented products and factors that could be remove to acquire the hygienic fermented products. Pickle is one of the mostly used fermented products especially as a side dish in Eastern countries, but it is developing a high rate of infectious diseases either due to its failing probiotic activity or due to increase harmful microbial flora in the pickle which are dominating the probiotics. The study is based on the determination of microbial load present in the pickle using MPN technique. The growth of fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus, and bacteria Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus andBacillus were isolated from the pickles samples used in this study. By using MPN technique, It was observed that the pickle of Rizwan Company had 1100 colonies in 100 ml of sample which can be extremely dangerous for consumption and the pickle from another brand Sundip Company showed the lowest amount i.e. 28 colonies in 100 ml of sample. Other brands that were tested also showed higher amount of organisms in between 150 to 460 colonies in 100 ml of sample. Elimination of the microbial load of pickle also performed on the pickle of National Company that gave a marvelous result the amount of organisms is dropped from 150 colonies to 11 colonies in 100 ml of sample. This study provides preliminary work and open new doors in assessing and improving the quality of pickles available in the market.
Defining IT “Business Value” Under Conditions of Economic Uncertainty
Authors: G. Giannopoulos Athanasios
Published: August 2017

Investment in Information Technology (IT) has typically been justified as playing a crucial role in assisting business and other Organisations in conducting their business in a more efficient and effective way. The implied “value” that results from such investments is known as “IT business value” and its definition and measurement under conditions of economic austerity and uncertainty is the main subject of this paper.
The question is why, under such conditions, many Organisations fail to realize the positive impacts expected from IT investment, which by itself is then rather scarce and difficult to attain. To answer this question we concentrate in this paper on the issues of IT business value measurement and more specifically we attempt to answer the research question of how best to define the “business value” of IT and what factors may affect it.
The paper first puts forward the main definitions used for both “IT” and “Business value” in the literature. It then goes on to present and critically examine the most prominent of the existing methodologies for measuring “IT Business value” again by resorting to a relevant literature search. Then, we examine the special influencing factors that are at work in times of economic austerity and uncertainty and puts forward a framework for analyzing IT Business value under conditions of economic austerity. This framework is presented in terms of its elements and a description of their main characteristics and measures (metrics). Finally, before the conclusions, a list of the critical success factors for IT investment is presented which is based on a previous published work of the author.
Laminar burning velocity of ethanol premixed combustion enriched with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Authors: Kustanto Muh Nurkoyim , Wardana I Nyoman Gede , Sasongko Mega Nur , Yuliati Lilis
Published: August 2017

The laminar burning velocity of ethanol premixed combustion enriched with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been studied experimentally. The  study was conducted in a  cylindrical combustion chamber, and combustion model was spherically expanding flame. The  results showed that the laminar burning velocity of ethanol enriched with 5–10% LPG is higher than that of pure ethanol and that of pure LPG. This is due to the formation of H and OH radicals in the preheating zone, where the reaction occurs to form H2O and release heat. It raises temperature in the preheating zone which contributes to increase in the laminar burning velocity.
Da natureza compartilhada a natureza apropriada - Uma História Ambiental na Serra de Petrópolis RJ/From Shared Nature to Appropriete Nature – An Environmental History in the Serra de Petrópolis RJ
Authors: Winter Valério
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho é parte de pesquisa de doutorado realizada junto ao Laboratório de Pesquisa em História Ambiental UERJ. O objetivo é o de relacionar os impactos ambientais presentes, com a história da relação homem/natureza em Petrópolis RJ. Buscamos na Geografia Cultural, História Ambiental e Antropologia subsídios para interpretar relatos, imagens e documentos relativos ao lugar. Como método utilizamos os três níveis de análise em História Ambiental definidos por Worster. Encerramos relacionando a transformação da paisagem local com a modificação da percepção dos habitantes sobre a natureza.   ABSTRACT This work is part of a PhD research carried out at the UERJ Environmental History Research Laboratory. It is a Bibliographic Review that subsidized the analysis of texts and documents that is part of the research in progress. The objective is to understand how native populations, european and brazilian were related to nature in the conquest and occupation of the territory in which today is the city of Petrópolis RJ. We base our questions on authors from Cultural Geography and Environmental History. We ended by discussing the transformation of the place through the man/nature relation. A relation between the transformation of the local landscape and the modification of the inhabitants' perception of nature was observed.Keywords: Geography, Environmental History, Atlantic Forest.
Blackberry and raspberry are alternative resistance sources to fire blight
Authors: Calis Ozer , Cekic Cetin , Kara Serhat , Celik Ertekin Demet
Published: August 2017

Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight mainly on pear, apple and quince trees. This bacterial pathogen also infects other Rosaceous plants, such as blackberry and raspberry. A race structure was established between an isolate of E. amylovora and berries using 40 wild blackberry and 7 wild raspberry genotypes. In pathogenicity tests, wild blackberry and raspberry genotypes had three phenotypic reactions: enhanced susceptibility, moderate susceptibility and resistance. We noted a higher bacterial growth of over 300 × 109 cfu mL-1 in plants with enhanced susceptibility, with resistant genotypes showing a bacterial growth of around 150 × 109 cfu mL-1. These results are also associated with symptoms observed at 29 days post-inoculation. This resistance is being evaluated to control fire blight.
Selected Topics on Business Information Systems: Editorial Introduction to Issue 11 of CSIMQ
Authors: Sandkuhl Kurt
Published: August 2017

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays an important role in enterprises, public authorities, inter-organizational networks, company clusters and other kinds of distributed organizations. Business, value creation and supporting activities in organizations are dependent on complex, distributed software and service systems operating in dynamic and often changing environments. In order to produce and supply products and services efficiently, organizations must be able to effectively exchange information between internal stakeholder groups and with external collaborators and customers. A high level of agility and interoperability is required when it comes to meeting the changing requirements from market or technical environments. The demand for interoperability exists at technological, business process and knowledge levels. Methods, theories and tools that ease change and adaptation of business processes, organizations and their supporting IT-systems are needed.The content of this issue presents novel research results in business information systems. Most of the articles in the issue originate from the 15th International Conference on Perspectives in Business Informatics Research (BIR 2016) in Prague (Czech Republic) and the 9th International Workshop on Information Logistics and Applications of Semantic Technologies (ILOG), which was co-located with BIR 2016.The five accepted articles address different technical and methodic aspects of business information systems and various their application fields.
Modeling and Recognizing Policy Conflicts with Resource Access Requests on Protected Health Information
Authors: Kuhlisch Raik
Published: August 2017

This article discusses potential clashes between different types of security policies that regulate resource access requests on clinical patient data in hospitals by employees. Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC) is proposed as a proper means for such regulation. A proper representation of ABAC policies must include a handling of policy attributes among different policy types. In this article, we propose a semantic policy model with predefined policy conflict categories. A conformance verification function detects erroneous, clashing or mutually susceptible rules early during the policy planning phase. The model and conflicts are used in a conceptual application environment and evaluated in a technical experiment during an interoperability test event.
The OntoREA Accounting Model: Ontology-based Modeling of the Accounting Domain
Authors: Fischer-Pauzenberger Christian , Schwaiger Walter
Published: August 2017

McCarthy developed a framework for modeling the economic rationale of different business transactions along the enterprise value chain described in his seminal article “The REA Accounting Model – A Generalized Framework for Accounting Systems in a Shared Data Environment” Originally, the REA accounting model was specified in the entity-relationship (ER) language. Later on other languages – especially in form of generic data models and UML class models (UML language) – were used. Recently, the OntoUML language was developed by Guizzardi and used by Gailly et al. for a metaphysical reengineering of the REA enterprise ontology. Although the REA accounting model originally addressed the accounting domain, it most successfuly is applied as a reference framework for the conceptual modeling of enterprise systems. The primary research objective of this article is to anchor the REA-based models more deeply in the accounting domain. In order to achieve this objective, essential primitives of the REA model are identified and conceptualized in the OntoUML language within the Asset Liability Equity (ALE) context of the traditional ALE accounting domain.
A Linguistic-Based Systematic Approach to Complex System Dynamics and its Application to E-government Introduction in Zanzibar
Authors: Khamis Maryam , Van der Weide Theo
Published: August 2017

System thinking has become an effective strategy when dealing with complex systems. Such systems are characterized by mutual interactions, causality and inter-dependency between system components. A typical example is the cooperation between governmental organizations and stakeholder interaction. The complexity of developing an e-government system suggests a more fundamental approach, where the roles of domain expert and system analyst are clearly separated. The main focus of this article is (1) to propose a linguistically-based systematic approach to the construction of models for the dynamics of complex systems, and (2) to propose extended causal diagrams. Our research methodology is based on Design Science. We start from a conceptual language developed for the application domain at hand and use this to define the dynamic factors. Then, we show how the resulting extended causal diagram is transformed into a framework for System Dynamics. We have demonstrated this approach by using a basic form of an e-Government as a running example. Our intention is to use this approach as a basis for a systematic step-wise introduction of e-Government in Zanzibar. Besides, this method is useful for modeling any complex system, especially for the description and evaluation of intended policies.
Fast-Track Surgery Could Improve Postoperative Recovery in Patients with Laparoscopy D2 Gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Sha Hongcun , Ren Xiaoting , Hong Xiaoming
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fast track surgery (FTS) management in gastric cancer (GC) with laparoscopy D2 gastrectomy. FTS is the integration of different medical intervention activities during the perioperative period to accelerate the recovery of patients undergoing surgery. It has been used for colorectal cancer. The present study focuses on evaluating FTS in GC with laparoscopy D2 gastrectomy. Seventy-five patients diagnosed with GC between June 2014 and December 2016 were enrolled in this study and were divided into FTS and conventional care groups. All patients received elective standard D2 gastrectomy. The clinical parameters and serum indicators were compared. FTS was associated with shorter postoperative hospital stay (17.17 ± 9.27 versus 14.06 ± 5.05 days; P = 0.046), shorter time to bowel function return (4.56 ± 1.16 versus 3.12 ± 0.88 days; P < 0.01), less stress response on postoperative day 1 (108.13 ± 40.55 versus 79.01 ± 37.10; P < 0.01), and accelerated decrease in serum albumin (30.76 ± 4.10 versus 32.56 ± 3.20 g/L; P = 0.04) and lymphocyte count (0.78 ± 0.34 versus 0.78 ± 0.34 g/L; P = 0.016). The postoperative complications, including ileus, anastomotic leakage, and infection, were similar (all P > 0.05). FTS combined with laparoscopy D2 gastrectomy can promote faster postoperative recovery, improve early postoperative nutritional status, and more effectively reduce postoperative stress reaction and is safe and effective for GC patients.
Underlying Representations
Authors: Cole Jennifer , Hualde José Ignacio
Published: August 2017

Language is acquired and experienced primarily through the medium of speech or the manually signed signal. A primary goal of phonology, restricted here to the context of spoken language, is to discover the elements that serve as the building blocks of speech. Considering that languages differ in their spoken forms, two further questions for an understanding of phonology concern the relations between the sound elements that give shape to the phonological system of an individual language, and the constraints that determine how these sound elements may pattern in the formation of words and phrases in that language.
Feature Specification and Underspecification
Authors: Archangeli Diana
Published: August 2017

The concept of minimal feature specification has been part of the phonological dialogue throughout the modern era, from the introduction of archiphonemes (Jakobson 1929; Martinet 1936; Trubetzkoy 1936) through various types of specification: Markedness (Kean 1975), Radical Underspecification (Archangeli 1984, 1988), Contrastive Underspecification (Steriade 1987; Mackenzie and Dresher 2004; Dresher 2009), and Combinatorial Specification (Archangeli and Pulleyblank 1994) to Richness of the Base (Prince and Smolensky 1993; Itôet al.1995; Smolensky 1996). What is common to the various approaches is that features may be absent from at least some segments at any level of representation. Theories differ on when – or whether – the missing features are provided. For example, the Markedness rules of Chomsky and Halle (1968) provide values (the unmarked specifications) for all features on every segment before the application of any phonological rules, whereas under more recent perspectives, some segments exit the entire phonological‐phonetic component without receiving specifications for every feature (Keating 1988; Pierrehumbert and Beckman 1988; Archangeli and Pulleyblank 1994).
The Representation of Vowel Length
Authors: Odden David
Published: August 2017

Length is the phonological correlate of durational differences between sounds, tied to the phonological concept “quantity.” The concept of length usually considers duration segmentally, attributing length to particular segments (the vowel or consonant is the locus of the property “long” or “short,” and not the syllable, foot, or word). Length being a phonological attribute, distinctions are discrete mental categories, not physical measurement, and, like most phonological attributes in generative theories, length is traditionally treated binarily.
Consonantal Place of Articulation
Authors: Rice Keren
Published: August 2017

An examination of the International Phonetic Alphabet chart (IPA 2007) yields a large number of consonantal places of articulation that are phonetically possible: bilabial, labio‐dental, dental, alveolar, post‐alveolar, retroflex, palatal, velar, uvular, pharyngeal, and glottal, as shown in Table 22.1.
Schwa
Authors: Silverman Daniel
Published: August 2017

Inspection of the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) would suggest that schwa is a vowel like any other; a central open‐mid/close‐mid unrounded vowel, slightly higher than [ɐ], slightly more central than [ʌ]: i.e. [ə]. Indeed, as the IPA chart necessarily provides idealized phonetic descriptions of its symbols, then, articulatorily speaking, schwa‐qua‐schwa is just as the IPA chart indicates, as in (1).
The Representation of Fricatives
Authors: Vaux Bert , Miller Brett
Published: August 2017

The phonetic properties of fricatives have recently received a great deal of attention (Shadle 1985; Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996: ch. 5; Johnson 1997: ch. 6; Stevens 1998: ch. 8; Maniwaet al.2009; Ramsay 2009; among others). Thephonologicalproperties of this class of sounds, on the other hand, have, with a few notable exceptions, remained largely undisputed since the publication of Chomsky and Halle (1968), which itself essentially carries on the featural analysis of fricatives in Trubetzkoy (1939) and Jakobsonet al.(1952). In this analysis, the class of fricatives is characterized by the distinctive features [−sonorant, +continuant].
Lateral Consonants
Authors: Yip Moira
Published: August 2017

Laterals are extremely common, and yet they are something of a phonological puzzle. For most consonants, there is fairly general agreement on which natural classes they belong to, and clear expectations of how they pattern in phonological processes. So for example [m] is Labial and [+nasal], and as such it patterns consistently with the other labials [p b], and the other nasals [n ŋ]. But for laterals this is not the case, as we shall see. Their behavior is highly variable across languages. This chapter gives an overview of their somewhat perplexing behavior, summarizes extant proposals for their phonological representation, and ends by advocating a proposal using violable constraints that allows for this variability.