bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rebiopsy Enhances Survival with Afatinib vs. Osimertinib in EGFR Exon 19 Deletion Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Study in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Jerry Shu-Hung , Chang Cheng-Yu , Chang Shih-Chieh , Wei Yu-Feng , Chen Chung-Yu
Published: January 2025

Background: Afatinib and Osimertinib are first-line treatments for EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their comparative efficacies and the patient groups that benefit the most remain unclear. This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of first-line Afatinib and Osimertinib in NSCLC patients with EGFR 19del and no brain metastases at diagnosis. Methods: The primary endpoints were time on treatment (ToT) and overall survival (OS). Survival analyses were performed for three groups: Afatinib followed by Osimertinib, Afatinib followed by other therapies, and Osimertinib (alone or followed by other therapies). Rebiopsy practices, including T790M mutation detection, were also analyzed in patients with disease progression on Afatinib. Results: Among 97 Afatinib-treated and 60 Osimertinib-treated patients, Osimertinib showed a significantly longer ToT (23.3 vs. 16.5 months; p = 0.007). Median OS was numerically higher for Afatinib with sequential Osimertinib (40.5 vs. 34.6 months for Osimertinib; p = 0.473). Osimertinib demonstrated advantages, with fewer brain metastases upon progression and fewer adverse effects. In the Afatinib group, 64% of patients with disease progression underwent rebiopsy, with 39% testing positive for T790M mutation and subsequently receiving Osimertinib. Rebiopsy was most frequently performed on the lung parenchyma using non-surgical methods. Conclusions: In this real-world study, Osimertinib achieved a significantly longer ToT compared to Afatinib in NSCLC patients with EGFR 19del and no brain metastases. The sequential use of Afatinib followed by Osimertinib showed a trend toward improved OS, highlighting the importance of rebiopsy for identifying T790M mutations to guide subsequent therapy.
Investigating the Shear Characteristics of Geomembrane–Sand Interfaces Under Freezing Conditions
Authors: Chen Dun , Li Guoyu , He Pengfei , Zhang Hang , Sheng Jie , Wang Miao
Published: January 2025

This study experimentally investigates the effects of freezing conditions on the shear characteristics of geomembrane–soil interfaces, employing a temperature-controlled direct shear apparatus. The findings reveal significant variations in shear stress–shear displacement patterns at the soil–geomembrane interface under different thermal conditions. At positive temperatures, the interface manifests strain hardening behavior, whereas at negative temperatures, it transitions from weak softening at low normal stress to strong strain softening at high normal stress. The shear displacement–normal displacement curves under varying temperature and normal stress conditions demonstrate dilatant behavior, with initial increases in normal displacement followed by a decrease as temperature drops. Notably, the interface friction angle is markedly higher at negative temperatures compared to positive, undergoing an initial increase, a period of stable development, and a subsequent rise with further temperature reduction. The average shear strength ratio at the interface is observed to be as low as 0.58 at 20 °C, approaches unity between −2 °C and −6 °C, and exhibits a significant increase at −10 °C. These findings are helpful for the application of geomembranes in frozen soil engineering.
Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation
Authors: Sysoeva Olga , Akhmirov Rauf , Zaichenko Maria , Lazarenko Ivan , Rebik Anastasiya , Broshevitskaja Nadezhda , Midzyanovskaya Inna , Smirnov Kirill
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives:: The link between serotonergic modulation and depression is under debate; however, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are still the first-choice medicine in this condition. Disturbances in time perception are also reported in depression with one of the behavioral schedules used to study interval timing, differential-reinforcement-learning-of-low-rate, having been shown to have high predictive validity for an antidepressant effect. Here, we introduce an IntelliCage research protocol of an interval bisection task that allows more ecologically valid and less time-consuming rodent examination and provides an example of its use to confirm the previously reported acute effect of an SRI, clomipramine, on interval timing (increase in bisection point, D50). Methods: Wistar male rats (n = 25, five groups of 5–8) were trained in the IntelliCage to discriminate between short (1 s) and long (4 s) LED light stimuli by nose poking at the corresponding (left/right) side of the IntelliCage chamber to obtain a drink. When 80% of correct responses were reached, the intermediate durations of 1.7, 2.5, and 3.3 s were introduced. The number of left/right choices for each stimulus and interval timing parameters (bisection point, D50, and timing precision), derived from them, were compared after saline and clomipramine (7 mg/kg, i.p) intraperitoneal administration. Results: Rats successfully learned the task within about a week of training. The slightly increased D50 after clomipramine confirmed previous studies. Conclusions: The introduced protocol has potential to be applicable to preclinical research on depression and potentially other psychopathology, where time perception can be disturbed.
Influence of Chronic Dietary Nitrate on Downstream Atherogenic Metabolites and the Enteral Microbiome—A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Messiha Daniel , Rinke Miriam , Schultz Moreira Amos Adriana , Tratnik Annika , Hendgen-Cotta Ulrike Barbara , Lortz Julia , Hogrebe Kristina , Kehrmann Jan , Buer Jan , Rassaf Tienush , Rammos Christos
Published: January 2025

Background: Inorganic nitrate is abundant in leafy green vegetables and has been shown to exert positive cardiovascular effects through nitric oxide-related pathways. The enteral microbiome is an emerging key player in cardiovascular diseases and depends on dietary habits. Whether dietary inorganic nitrate impacts on the microbiome and atherosclerosis-associated microbiome-dependent metabolites like short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is unknown. Methods: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 30 healthy volunteers were included who either received dietary nitrate (0.12 mmol/kg bodyweight) or placebo (equimolar amounts of sodium chloride) for 30 days. The microbiome metabolites TMAO and SCFA were analyzed. The enteral microbiome was analyzed by 16S-rRNA sequencing at baseline and follow-up. Results: Systolic blood pressure decreased after nitrate supplementation (baseline 124.73 mmHg vs. follow up 120 mmHg, p < 0.05) with no change in controls. Dietary nitrate supplementation increased TMAO levels (nitrate baseline 349.28 μ/L vs. nitrate follow-up 481.15 μ/L, p < 0.05), while SCFA levels remained unchanged. The relative abundance of Akkermansia and taxa of Clostridiales were higher in individuals with high compared to normal TMAO levels after nitrate supplementation, while Shannon diversity, richness and evenness did not differ between both groups. Conclusions: Our results indicate that dietary nitrate supplementation is associated with alterations to the enteral microbiome with an impact on proatherogenic metabolites. Further work is warranted to investigate the causal relationship between dietary nutrients, the microbiome and downstream metabolites.
The Structure of Bit-String Similarity Networks
Authors: Schneider David M. , Zanette Damián H.
Published: January 2025

We study the structural properties of networks formed by random sets of bit strings—namely the ordered arrays of binary variables representing, for instance, genetic information or cultural profiles. Two bit strings are connected by a network link when they are sufficiently similar to each other, i.e., when their Hamming distance is below a certain threshold. Using both analytical and numerical techniques, we determine the degree distribution and the conditions for the existence of a giant component in this kind of network. In addition, we analyze their clustering, assortativity, and mean geodesic distance. We show that these properties combine features specific to random networks with characteristics that derive from the Hamming metrics implicit in the definition of similarity between bit strings.
Language-in-Education Policy for English Language Teaching in Public Schools of Kazakhstan: Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Approaches
Authors: Imanova Dinara , Akzhigitova Assel , Zabrodskaja Anastassia
Published: January 2025

This research explores the Kazakhstani public schools’ English language teaching (ELT) policy. Despite numerous policy reforms to enhance English language teaching (ELT) in Kazakhstani public schools, relatively little research has examined teachers’ perspectives on the interface between the top-down policy and classroom realities. Therefore, this study addresses this gap by investigating the lived experience of English language (EL) teachers from 17 regions, highlighting significant disparities in resources, training, and personnel. The findings suggest that top-down policies create a mismatch with realities at the classroom level, where training is insufficient. Resources are lacking, and ELT policy intentions have not met the real needs of the EL teachers. This paper criticises the ELT policymaking for the marginalisation of the voices of EL teachers. Instead, it advocates a more participatory approach at the bottom of policymaking, which embodies educators themselves. This paper contributes to the wider discussion on language policy by drawing attention to the role of teacher agency, emphasising contextually valid and equitable policies that would address the relevance of ELT in multilingual and resource-lacking contexts like Kazakhstan.
Work-Domain Goal Orientation: A Theoretical Framework for the Construct and Turkish Adaptation of a Work-Domain Goal Orientation Instrument
Authors: Gurol Aysun , Ilhan Findikoglu Dilek , Gurol Mehmet , Findikoglu Fuat , Yesilkaya Mehmet
Published: January 2025

This study brings a novel perspective to the relationship between higher education and work life by examining work-domain goal orientation as a critical factor in preparing students for professional environments. Through an extensive literature review, it highlights the role of work-domain goal orientation in aligning higher education curricula with the demands of the modern workplace, emphasizing how students’ goal orientation influences their future professional success. Additionally, this study adapts and validates a work-domain goal orientation instrument into Turkish, offering a reliable tool for use in Turkish contexts. A sample of 729 undergraduate students from various academic disciplines participated in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a three-factor structure (learning, proving, avoiding), accounting for 68.4% of the variance. The internal consistency was reliable, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.84 to 0.86 across subscales. The study provides a dual contribution by offering theoretical insights into work-domain goal orientation and delivering a psychometrically validated tool for assessing students’ readiness for professional life in a non-Western context. These findings address gaps in the literature on goal orientation and its application in diverse cultural settings, advancing both academic understanding and practical applications for educational institutions and employers. This study contributes to bridging the gap between higher education and work life, offering both theoretical perspectives and a practical tool to improve workforce preparedness.
Research on Heart Rate Detection from Facial Videos Based on an Attention Mechanism 3D Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Sun Xiujuan , Su Ying , Hou Xiankai , Yuan Xiaolan , Li Hongxue , Wang Chuanjiang
Published: January 2025

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has attracted growing attention due to its non-contact nature. However, existing non-contact heart rate detection methods are often affected by noise from motion artifacts and changes in lighting, which can lead to a decrease in detection accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper initially employs manual extraction to precisely define the facial Region of Interest (ROI), expanding the facial area while avoiding rigid regions such as the eyes and mouth to minimize the impact of motion artifacts. Additionally, during the training phase, illumination normalization is employed on video frames with uneven lighting to mitigate noise caused by lighting fluctuations. Finally, this paper introduces a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) method incorporating an attention mechanism for heart rate detection from facial videos. We optimize the traditional 3D-CNN to capture global features in spatiotemporal data more effectively. The SimAM attention mechanism is introduced to enable the model to precisely focus on and enhance facial ROI feature representations. Following the extraction of rPPG signals, a heart rate estimation network using a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model is employed to derive the heart rate from the signals. The method introduced here is experimentally validated on two publicly available datasets, UBFC-rPPG and PURE. The mean absolute errors were 0.24 bpm and 0.65 bpm, the root mean square errors were 0.63 bpm and 1.30 bpm, and the Pearson correlation coefficients reached 0.99, confirming the method’s reliability. Comparisons of predicted signals with ground truth signals further validated its accuracy.
A Study of 500 W/250 mm Inductive Power Transfer System for Television Appliance
Authors: Hwang Sang-Hoon , Xie Junchen , Jo Seungjin , Lee Gang-Yoon , Kim Dong-Hee
Published: January 2025

This study presents the design, analysis, and experimental validation of a 500 W inductive power transfer (IPT) system with a transmission distance of 250 mm for television applications. The proposed system incorporates an innovative wireless pad design featuring a four-teeth magnetic structure and an LCC-S compensation topology to optimize coupling coefficients, reduce copper losses, and improve overall efficiency. The system’s robustness under misalignment and load fluctuations was validated, with experimental results confirming over 80% efficiency for optimal configurations. The findings also highlight the sensitivity of the system to switching frequency variations, emphasizing the need to maintain resonance conditions for maximum power transfer. Compared to existing designs, the proposed system demonstrates superior performance in long-distance wireless power transfer, making it a promising solution for high-power applications in home appliances.
A Cross-Cultural Crash Pattern Analysis in the United States and Jordan Using BERT and SHAP
Authors: Jaradat Shadi , Elhenawy Mohammed , Paz Alexander , Alhadidi Taqwa I. , Ashqar Huthaifa I. , Nayak Richi
Published: January 2025

Understanding the cultural and environmental influences on roadway crash patterns is essential for designing effective prevention strategies. This study applies advanced AI techniques, including Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), to examine traffic crash patterns in the United States and Jordan. By analyzing tabular data and crash narratives, the research reveals significant regional differences: in the USA, vehicle overturns and roadway conditions, such as guardrails, are major factors in fatal crashes, whereas in Jordan, technical defects and driver behavior play a more critical role. SHAP analysis identifies “driver” and “damage” as pivotal terms across both regions, while country-specific terms such as “overturn” in the USA and “technical” in Jordan highlight regional disparities. Using BERT/Bi-LSTM models, the study achieves up to 99.5% accuracy in crash severity prediction, demonstrating the robustness of AI in traffic safety analysis. These findings underscore the value of contextualized AI-driven insights in developing targeted, region-specific road safety policies and interventions. By bridging the gap between developed and developing country contexts, the study contributes to the global effort to reduce road traffic injuries and fatalities.
Assessing the Sustainability of Southeast Asia’s Energy Transition: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Derouez Faten , Ifa Adel
Published: January 2025

The rapid economic growth in Southeast Asia has heightened concerns about its environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to CO2 emissions. Despite the growing focus on climate change mitigation, the region faces significant challenges in balancing economic development, energy transitions, and environmental conservation. Existing studies often overlook the complex interplay between these factors, leaving a critical gap in understanding how tailored strategies can address country-specific dynamics. To bridge this gap, this study introduces the “Sustainable Energy-Environment Nexus” (SEEN) framework, which integrates economic growth, energy transitions, and environmental conservation as interconnected elements necessary for achieving carbon neutrality in both the short and long run. Using data from eight Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, China, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, and Japan) over the period 1990–2023, this study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique to analyze the relationships between CO2 emissions, GDP, financial development, forest areas, renewable energy, non-renewable energy consumption, and trade openness. The findings reveal that GDP and non-renewable energy consumption significantly drive CO2 emissions in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, and South Korea. Conversely, forest areas, financial development, renewable energy, and trade openness are effective in reducing emissions in countries such as Vietnam and China. This study highlights the critical role of renewable energy adoption while addressing challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and limited technology transfer. It also identifies opportunities for regional cooperation in innovation and policy harmonization. To support sustainable energy development, tailored policy recommendations include incentivizing investments in renewable energy, enhancing technology transfer, expanding forest conservation efforts, and aligning regional renewable energy targets across ASEAN. The SEEN framework provides a robust foundation for advancing research and policy design aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and promoting environmental sustainability across Southeast Asia.
Calculation of the Optimal Magnetic Duty Cycle for a Graded Coaxial Magnet of a Rotary Type Magnetic Refrigerator
Authors: Lee Chih-Hao , Cheng Pai-Hsiang , Leou Keh-Chyang , Hsieh Chih-Ming , Su Yu-Chuan
Published: January 2025

In the design of a rotary-type magnetic refrigerator, a high field of a coaxial magnet is desired. Typically, a high-field design can be achieved with a small duty cycle, which might not be optimized from the viewpoint of the thermal hydraulics of a magnetic refrigerator. In this work, a numerical simulation analysis of a graded coaxial magnet designed using a COMSOL program for a rotary-type active magnetic refrigeration (AMR) system was performed. The magnet structures are based on neodymium–iron–boron permanent magnets with thin gadolinium (Gd) and gadolinium-terbium alloy (Gd-Tb) plates as AMR materials. For a rotary-type magnetic cooling system, from the thermal–hydraulic point of view, the best duty cycle of a coaxial magnet should be 50% if the magnetic field can be kept constant during the period of duty cycles. However, the simulation calculation shows a serious reduction in the magnetic field strength at higher duty cycles, resulting in lower magnetic cooling efficiency. After considering the thermos-hydraulic part, the optimized duty cycle is around 30% in the case of a temperature span of 8 K between the hot and cold ends on a rotary-type magnetic cooling system. By applying graded Gd-Tb alloy along the flow direction, the performance of magnetic refrigeration improves significantly. Compared to a pure Gd AMR system, it is demonstrated that more than three times the increase in the cooling capacity can be achieved.
Optimizing Rural MG’s Performance: A Scenario-Based Approach Using an Improved Multi-Objective Crow Search Algorithm Considering Uncertainty
Authors: Taabodi Mohammad Hossein , Niknam Taher , Sharifhosseini Seyed Mohammad , Aghajari Habib Asadi , Bornapour Seyyed Mohammad , Sheybani Ehsan , Javidi Giti
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the growth of utilizing rural microgrids (RMGs) has been accompanied by various challenges. These necessitate the development of appropriate models for optimal generation in RMGs and RMGs’ coordination. In this paper, two distinct models for RMGs are presented. The first model includes an islanded rural microgrid (IRMG) and the second model consists of three RMGs that are interconnected with one another and linked to the distribution network. The proposed models take into account the uncertainty in load, photovoltaics (PVs), and wind turbines (WTs) with consideration of their correlation by using a scenario-based technique. Three objective functions are defined for optimization: minimizing operational costs including maintenance and fuel expenses, reducing voltage deviation to maintain power quality, and decreasing pollution emissions from fuel cells and microturbines. A new optimization method, namely the Improved Multi-Objective Crow Search Algorithm (IMOCSA), is proposed to solve the problem models. IMOCSA enhances the standard Crow Search Algorithm through three key improvements: an adaptive chaotic awareness probability to better balance exploration and exploitation, a mutation mechanism applied to the solution repository to prevent premature convergence, and a K-means clustering method to control repository size and increase algorithmic efficiency. Since the proposed problem is a multi-objective non-linear optimization problem with conflicting objectives, the idea of the Pareto front is used to find a group of optimal solutions. To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed models, they are implemented in two different case studies and the analysis and results are illustrated.
Vis/NIR Spectroscopy and Vis/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging for Non-Destructive Monitoring of Apricot Fruit Internal Quality with Machine Learning
Authors: Amoriello Tiziana , Ciorba Roberto , Ruggiero Gaia , Masciola Francesca , Scutaru Daniela , Ciccoritti Roberto
Published: January 2025

The fruit supply chain requires simple, non-destructive, and fast tools for quality evaluation both in the field and during the post-harvest phase. In this study, a portable visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectrophotometer and a portable Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging (HSI) device were tested to highlight genetic differences among apricot cultivars, and to develop multi-cultivar and multi-year models for the most important marketable attributes (total soluble solids, TSS; titratable acidity, TA; dry matter, DM). To do this, the fruits of seventeen cultivars from a single experimental orchard harvested at the commercial maturity stage were considered. Spectral data emphasized genetic similarities and differences among the cultivars, capturing changes in the pigment content and macro components of the apricot samples. In recent years, machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), have been successfully applied to more efficiently extract valuable information from spectral data and to accurately predict quality traits. In this study, prediction models were developed based on a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN-MLP) combined with the Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm. Regarding the Vis/NIR spectrophotometer dataset, good predictive performances were achieved for TSS (R2 = 0.855) and DM (R2 = 0.857), while the performance for TA was unsatisfactory (R2 = 0.681). In contrast, the optimal predictive ability was found for models of the HSI dataset (TSS: R2 = 0.904; DM: R2 = 0.918, TA: R2 = 0.811), as confirmed by external validation. Moreover, the ANN allowed us to identify the most predictive input spectral regions for each model. The results showed the potential of Vis/NIR spectroscopy as an alternative to traditional destructive methods to monitor the qualitative traits of apricot fruits, reducing the time and costs of analyses.
The Impact of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on the Baking Quality of Rye Flour and Nutrition Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Rye Bread
Authors: Stępniewska Sylwia , Salamon Agnieszka , Cacak-Pietrzak Grażyna , Piecyk Małgorzata , Kowalska Hanna
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the use of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) powder (OMP) for producing rye bread. The raw materials were low-extract rye flour and OMP, which were analyzed in terms of their nutritional and health-promoting qualities. Mixtures of rye flour with OMP were prepared, replacing 5, 7.5, and 10% rye flour with OMP. The baking quality of the tested flour samples was assessed based on their water absorption, falling number, and amylograph and swelling curve tests. The laboratory baking test was carried out using the sourdough method, prepared based on LV2 starter cultures, and the bread samples were assessed in terms of their technological, sensory, and nutritional characteristics, as well as the antioxidant potential. The OMP was characterized by a high content of basic nutrition components and a higher antioxidant potential. The addition of OMP increased the nutritional value of the rye flour and its water absorption, significantly prolonged the starch gelatinization time, and increased the xylolytic activity of the flour. The OMP enhanced the bread’s dietary fiber, minerals, protein, and phenolic compounds, and boosted its antioxidant potential. Also, the starch present in the bread with OMP was characterized by a higher pro-health value due to a higher share of slowly digestible starch. Incorporating 7.5% OMP into the rye bread formula positively affected the bread’s sensory profile in contrast to the bread with a 10% addition of OMP.
Yellow Pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.): The Less Known of the Pitahayas
Authors: Valero Daniel , Erazo-Lara Alex , García-Pastor María Emma , Padilla-González Pedro Antonio , Agulló Vicente , El-Hiali Fátima Badiche , Serrano María
Published: January 2025

Pitahaya or dragon fruit is an exotic fruit native to Mesoamerica and is cultivated in several regions of the world. In recent years, pitahaya has become increasingly in demand, firstly, for its good nutritional and organoleptic qualities and, secondly, for its richness in antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Spain has opted for new tropical crops, and among them, pitahaya is one of the most planted in recent years. Most of the investigations on pitahaya were conducted with red cultivars, while the research on yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.) is very scarce. In this review, the current knowledge about types of pitahayas, the fruit growth and ripening, the quality attributes, the postharvest storage, the use of by-products, and the health attributes were covered.
Exploring Product Innovation and Consumer Attitudes in Molecular Gastronomy: Marketing Insights for the Gourmet Food Industry
Authors: Chang Min-Yen , Huang Chiao-Xuan , Lin I-Kai , Chen Han-Shen
Published: January 2025

The increasing popularity of social media and the growth of gourmet food culture have elevated molecular gastronomy as a unique dining experience that enhances consumers’ perceptions of value through innovative food presentation and sensory marketing strategies. This study investigates consumer acceptance of molecular gastronomy by utilizing the value–attitude–behavior (VAB) model and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). We examine the interplay between utilitarian and hedonic values, product innovation, and sensory stimulation to understand consumer reactions and attitudes toward molecular gastronomy. Through convenience sampling, we surveyed individuals who had experienced molecular gastronomy, collecting 407 valid responses, with a response rate of 95.3%. Our findings reveal that both utilitarian and hedonic values significantly influence consumers’ attitudes (β = 0.635, p < 0.01; β = 0.750, p < 0.01). Attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and sensory stimulation play crucial roles in shaping behavioral intentions (β = 0.770, p < 0.01; β = 0.719, p < 0.01; β = 0.791, p < 0.01). Although subjective norms and product novelty also have positive effects on intentions, their impact is less significant (β = 0.511, p < 0.01; β = 0.416, p < 0.01). These insights suggest that practitioners in the dining industry should prioritize utilitarian value, hedonic appeal, consumer attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and sensory experiences when creating and marketing molecular gastronomy dishes. This research not only enhances our understanding of consumer behavior within this innovative culinary domain but also offers practical strategies for boosting market acceptance and engagement with such avant-garde dining experiences.
Comprehensive Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Four Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) Species for Phylogenetic and Conservation Insights
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Shi Wenbo , Hu Siqi , Mou Lanruo , Shi Chao , Zhu Bingyue , Yang Jing
Published: January 2025

Callitriche species are capable of purifying water, promoting wetland restoration, and providing natural shelters. Moreover, they can be utilized as horticultural plants for landscape greening. However, due to the threats of climate change and environmental degradation, some species within this genus have been listed as endangered. This study utilizes chloroplast genome analysis to provide molecular evidence for the classification and conservation of these species. We conducted a comprehensive sequencing and characterization of the complete chloroplast genomes of four species within the genus Callitriche: C. cophocarpa, C. hermaphroditica, C. palustris, and C. stagnalis. The genome sizes ranged from 150,042 to 150,879 bp, with a GC content of 37.5–37.8% and between 131 and 132 genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed several highly variable intergenic regions (e.g., rps16–psbK, trnS-GCU–trnG-UCC, ccsA–ndhD, ndhF–rpl32, and trnN-UGG) and the ycf1 gene, highlighting their potential as phylogenetic markers. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the monophyly of Callitriche and supported C. hermaphroditica as an early-diverging lineage within the genus. Notably, the phylogeny also resolved Hemiphragma and Veronicastrum as sister taxa, contributing insights into evolutionary relationships within Plantaginaceae. This study provides comprehensive chloroplast genomic data for Callitriche, offering valuable molecular markers for phylogenetic research, taxonomic clarification, and conservation of this ecologically significant genus.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Camphora glanduliferum ‘Honganzhang’
Authors: Yang Yang , Xiang Qiuting , Yang Yinan , Shu Donglv , Yan Jiawen , Huang Lijun , Yang Xiumei , Peng Jing , Chen Xingliang , Yang Guoqun
Published: January 2025

As an excellent variety of Camphora glanduliferum, Honganzhang has high essential oil content and can be used as industrial and pharmaceutical raw materials to extract essential oil, which has high development value. In this study, fresh branches and leaves of C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ were used as materials. After extracting C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ essential oils (CGHEO) by steam distillation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze its chemical components. On this basis, the antibacterial effect of CGHEO and its potential physiological mechanism were further explored. The results showed that the main components of CGHEO were Cineole (46.57%), α-terpineol (9.93%), Sabinene (8.02%), β-terpinene (6.04%), and α-pinene (4.49%), these compounds can be used in medicine, food and other industries. In terms of antibacterial effect, CGHEO has significant antibacterial effects on three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). CGHEO can reduce Na+K+-ATPase activity and SDH activity and further interfere with the operation of the bacterial respiratory chain, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting bacterial reproduction. Based on the main chemical components contained in C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ and its remarkable antibacterial effect, this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the wide application of C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ in multiple fields such as medicine, health care, food, and industry.
Beneficial Roles of 1-MCP on Regulation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Energy Dissipation in Chrysanthemum Under Heat Stress
Authors: Miao Runtian , Liu Xiaoman , Zhao Yilin , Zhao Yanli , Dong Han , Huang Gan , Li Yonghua
Published: January 2025

1-Methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) is known as an ethylene antagonist, yet its mechanisms in regulating photosynthetic electron transport and energy dissipation in chrysanthemum under heat stress are not well understood. Here, the chlorophyll a fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection transients were analyzed in heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive chrysanthemum plants. This study demonstrates that 1-MCP pre-treatment helps maintain the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the reaction center activity of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) during heat stress. Specifically, 1-MCP treatment significantly increases the fraction of active oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) centers and reduces relative variable fluorescence intensity at the J step (VJ) as well as the efficiency of electron transfer at the PSI acceptor side (δRo). These effects mitigate damage to the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Additionally, 1-MCP-treated plants exhibit decreased quantum yield of energy dissipation (φDo) and reduced energy flux per reaction center (DIo/RC). Overall, 1-MCP enhances light utilization efficiency and excitation energy dissipation in the PSII antennae, alleviating heat stress-induced damage to PSI and PSII structures and functions. This study not only advances our understanding of 1-MCP’s regulatory role in photosynthetic processes under heat stress but also provides a basis for using exogenous substances to improve chrysanthemum heat resistance.
Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method
Authors: Mavridis Konstantinos , Todas Nikolaos , Kalompatsios Dimitrios , Athanasiadis Vassilis , Lalas Stavros I.
Published: January 2025

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a prominent fruit in Mediterranean countries with established biological activities for consumers. Given the widespread distribution of the fruit and its large production, the need to utilize the by-products seems imperative. With a view to valorizing the main carotenoid of tomato processing industry waste, lycopene, as well as other bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols), the optimization of a green extraction method involving ultrasound-assisted bath extraction (UBAE) was carried out. The results showed that the optimized UBAE technique achieved substantial yields of total carotenoids (420.8 μg of lycopene equivalents per gram of dry weight (dw)) and total polyphenols (2.62 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dw). Flavonoid naringin (0.48 mg/g dw) and non-flavonoid coniferyl alcohol (0.32 mg/g dw) were the most abundant identified polyphenols. However, comparison with a conventional stirring extraction revealed that the latter technique marked double figures in all assays, including antioxidant activity assays. The study revealed that UBAE was not a preferable technique for recovering carotenoids because of the possible degradation of labile compounds found in tomato processing industry waste. Given that the extraction solvent was pure ethanol, the study established a foundation for the development of a unique lycopene-enriched product in the food industry. It is essential to conduct additional studies using alternative food-grade solvents or other environmentally friendly extraction methods.
Effects of Soil, Light, and Temperature on Freshwater Tannin Concentrations
Authors: Earl Julia E. , Aubert Joseph F. , Michael Emma O. , Edwards Daniel J.
Published: January 2025

Tannins are plant secondary compounds that leach into soil and water. Tannin concentrations can be higher in lentic freshwater than in other aquatic ecosystems, which can result in toxicity to freshwater organisms. While the amount of plant material and the plant tissue concentrations affect aqueous tannin concentrations, little is known about which environmental conditions alter the removal and breakdown of tannins in freshwater, altering the exposure of freshwater organisms. We investigated the effects of soil, light, and temperature on aqueous tannin concentrations. Tannins degraded faster in the presence of and/or sorbed to wetland soils, silt, and clay but not sand. It is unclear whether finer soil particles or the chemical makeup of soils facilitated sorption and/or degradation. Contrary to previous work, we found no effect of ambient light over a 14-day period or sunlight over a 7-day period on tannin degradation, but tannins degraded faster in warmer water. Warmer freshwater ecosystems with greater silt or clay sediments are likely to have lower aqueous tannin concentrations with lower toxicity to aquatic organisms. This research used tannic acid, which contains gallotannins. Further research is needed to determine if similar patterns are found with other tannin types and the complex mixtures of different tannins found in most plants.
Challenges and Opportunities of Universal Health Coverage in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Langat Evaline Chepchirchir , Ward Paul , Gesesew Hailay , Mwanri Lillian
Published: January 2025

Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) is a global priority, with the goal of ensuring that everyone has access to high-quality healthcare without suffering financial hardship. In Africa, most governments have prioritized UHC over the last two decades. Despite this, the transition to UHC in Africa is seen to be sluggish, with certain countries facing inertia. This study sought to examine the progress of UHC-focused health reform implementation in Africa, investigating the approaches utilized, the challenges faced, and potential solutions. Method: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we scoped the literature to map out the evidence on UHC adoption, roll out, implementation, challenges, and opportunities in the African countries. Literature searches of the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, PUBMED, EBSCO, Eldis, SCOPUS, CINHAL, TRIP, and Google Scholar were conducted in 2023. Using predefined inclusion criteria, we focused on UHC adoption, rollout, implementation, and challenges and opportunities in African countries. Primary qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods evidence was included, as well as original analyses of secondary data. We employed thematic analysis to synthesize the evidence. Results: We found 9633 documents published between May 2005 and December 2023, of which 167 papers were included for analysis. A significant portion of UHC implementation in Africa has focused on establishing social health protection schemes, while others have focused on strengthening primary healthcare systems, and a few have taken integrated approaches. While progress has been made in some areas, considerable obstacles still exist. Financial constraints and supply-side challenges, such as a shortage of healthcare workers, limited infrastructure, and insufficient medical supplies, remain significant barriers to UHC implementation throughout Africa. Some of the promising solutions include boosting public funding for healthcare systems, strengthening public health systems, ensuring equity and inclusion in access to healthcare services, and strengthening governance and community engagement mechanisms. Conclusion: Successful UHC implementation in Africa will require a multifaceted approach. This includes strengthening public health systems in addition to the health insurance schemes and exploring innovative financing mechanisms. Additionally, addressing the challenges of the informal sector, inequity in healthcare access, and ensuring political commitment and community engagement will be crucial in achieving sustainable and comprehensive healthcare coverage for all African citizens.
Do Short Sales Reduce Post-Shock Anomalies in Stock Prices? Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market
Authors: Chen Haojun
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of short sales in mitigating post-shock anomalies in stock returns within the context of China’s evolving short-sales regulations. Utilizing a unique dataset of daily short-sale volumes, this research examines how short sellers influence stock price behavior following significant price shocks. The findings reveal that short sellers act as informed arbitragers, reducing post-shock anomalies, particularly in news-driven events, and supporting Diamond and Verrecchia’s hypothesis that short-sale constraints slow price adjustments to information. This study fills a critical gap in the literature, offering insights into price efficiency and implications for regulators and investors. By highlighting the unintended consequences of restrictive short-sale policies, this paper recommends reforms to reduce borrowing costs, enhance lending programs, and promote effective short-selling practices. These results contribute to the broader understanding of market dynamics, particularly in emerging markets with tight short-sale restrictions like China.
Predictive Value of Selected Plasma Biomarkers in the Assessment of the Occurrence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wojciechowska Małgorzata , Nizio Michał , Wróbel Katarzyna , Momot Karol , Czarzasta Katarzyna , Flis Krzysztof , Zarębiński Maciej
Published: January 2025

Despite significant advances in imaging modalities for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), there remains a need for novel diagnostic approaches with high predictive values and fewer limitations. Circulating biomarkers, including cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), cell adhesion molecules such as soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), peptides secreted by endothelial cells such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), and enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-1 (ADAMTS-1) offer a promising alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the plasma levels of selected biomarkers and the presence and severity of CAD. We enrolled 40 patients admitted for elective coronary angiography. CAD was defined as having at least one coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50%. The severity of CAD was assessed using the Gensini Score (GS). IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the CAD group, with a mean of 9.78 (SD 0.46) compared to 8.37 (SD 0.40) in the non-CAD group (p = 0.0228). No significant differences were observed for the other biomarkers between the groups. A positive Spearman correlation was found between IL-8 levels and the GS (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.017). These findings suggest that IL-8 may have potential as an additional tool for diagnosing or excluding atherosclerosis. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate its clinical utility.
Various Options for Covalent Immobilization of Cysteine Proteases—Ficin, Papain, Bromelain
Authors: Holyavka Marina G. , Goncharova Svetlana S. , Artyukhov Valeriy G.
Published: January 2025

This study explores various methods for the covalent immobilization of cysteine proteases (ficin, papain, and bromelain). Covalent immobilization involves the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme and a carrier or between enzyme molecules themselves without a carrier using a crosslinking agent. This process enhances the stability of the enzyme and allows for the creation of preparations with specific and controlled properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of covalent immobilization under different conditions on the proteolytic activity of the enzymes. The most favorable results were achieved by immobilizing ficin and bromelain through covalent bonding to medium and high molecular weight chitosans, using 5 and 3.33% glutaraldehyde solutions, respectively. For papain, 5 and 6.67% glutaraldehyde solutions proved to be more effective as crosslinking agents. These findings indicate that covalent immobilization can enhance the performance of these enzymes as biocatalysts, with potential applications in various biotechnological fields.
Identification of Downregulated MECR Gene in Parkinson’s Disease Through Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis and Validation
Authors: Wang Danlei , Yu Haoheng , Qu Yi , An Ke , Liang Hongming , Mao Zhijuan , Li Jingyi , Xiong Yongjie , Min Zhe , Xue Zheng
Published: January 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. Lipid metabolism dysfunction may contribute to PD progression. This study aims to identify lipid metabolism-related genes (LMGs) associated with PD using an integrative transcriptomic analysis of microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from patients with PD and healthy controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism were identified, and key genes were further filtered using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning algorithms. Four LMGs, AGPAT2, ASAH2, FA2H, and MECR were identified, with MECR being notably downregulated in both bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of PD patients. This downregulation was further validated in α-syn PFF-induced PD models. Virtual screening and molecular simulations identified potential allosteric modulators of MECR, which may offer a pathway for future therapeutic exploration. This study highlights MECR as a critical gene link between lipid metabolism dysfunction and PD, suggesting the need for further investigation into its therapeutic implications.