bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Setting Time, Compressive Strength, Microleakage and Antibacterial Properties of Nano Hydroxyapatite Incorporated GIC: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Chougaonkar Akshada , Masih Updesh , Manker Abhilasha , Gautam Neelesh , Soni Nidhi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is widely used as a restorative material, but it still exhibits some limitations that pose significant drawbacks in clinical use. The composition of Hydroxyapatite (HA) mimics the inorganic fraction of mineralised tissues such as bones and teeth. HA possesses osteoconductive and bioactive properties, making it favourable for orthopaedic and dental applications. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the setting time, compressive strength, microleakage and antibacterial properties of nano-HA incorporated GIC (NHaGIC) at various concentrations with Type-II GIC. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry at Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, for a duration of nine months, from May 2023 to January 2024. The study comprised five study groups as follows: Group-1- Type-II GIC (control), Group-2-NHA-GIC 4%, Group-3-NHA-GIC 8%, Group-4-NHA-GIC 10% and Group-5-NHA-GIC 15%. A total of 50 acrylic moulds containing the test material and TypeII GIC, with 10 in each group (n=10), were prepared to record the setting time, which was tested using a Gillmore needle. The compressive strength was checked using a Universal Testing Machine. Additionally, 50 primary molars were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into five groups (n=10) to evaluate microleakage. Microleakage was assessed using the dye penetration method under a stereomicroscope. For antibacterial properties, 50 samples (n=10) were taken for each strain, i.e., Strain A: S. mutans and Strain B: L. fermentum and the disk diffusion method was employed. Thus, a total sample size of 250 was used. The preparation of GIC-NHAp was done by adding nano- HA to GIC at selected concentrations by weight/weight percentage (w/w%). The results were analysed using a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed (p<0.001) between Group-1 (GIC II) and Group-II (4% GICNHAp), III (8% GIC-NHAp), IV (10% GIC-NHAp) and V (15% GIC-NHAp) regarding setting time, compressive strength, microleakage and antibacterial properties. Conclusion: It can be concluded that adding NHAp crystals to GIC enhances its properties, such as compressive strength and antimicrobial efficiency, as the concentration increases. The microleakage property showed a consistent decrease with increasing concentration. However, the setting time increased with higher concentrations of NHAp in GIC.
Clinical Profile, Prognostic Factors and Surgical Outcomes in Lens Induced Glaucoma: A Prospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Magdum Renu , Goli Kalpita , Gandhi Shreya
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cataracts are a major cause of preventable blindness in India. A considerable number of patients continue to present with advanced cataracts, which can result in complications such as Lens Induced Glaucoma (LIG). LIG is a secondary glaucoma that occurs due to mature or hypermature cataracts, potentially causing significant visual impairment. Aim: To determine the clinical presentation, prognostic factors, and surgical outcomes in patients with LIG. Materials and Methods: A prospective study involving 60 patients with LIG was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Western Maharashtra, India from September 2022 to June 2024. All patients underwent Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) and were followed-up postoperatively on day 1, day 7, and week 6. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.03 years, with 66.7% being females. Symptoms such as pain, redness, headache and diminished vision were present in all patients. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.08 days. All patients presented with poor visual acuity (<6/60), and the majority had shallow Anterior Chamber (AC) depth (83.3%). The highest number of cases exhibited elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP), with a range of 41-50 mmHg. Postoperative visual outcomes improved significantly by week 6 in 51.7% of patients. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of cataracts are crucial in preventing LIG and improving visual outcomes. Community outreach programs for early detection and management are essential in a developing country like India.
The Antimicrobial Efficacy and Quality Changes in Pineapple Juice Treated with Natural Preservatives
Authors: Obe Theresa Onyeka , Amove Julius , Eke Mike Ojotu
Published: October 2024

The study investigated effects of natural preservatives on the quality of fresh pineapple fruit juice. The natural preservatives used are ginger, garlic, moringa seed and cloves and were processed into powder. The treatment of pineapple with the natural preservatives was at a concentration of 20% with 3 minutes dipping time. The enumeration and identification of microorganisms on the fresh pineapple fruit, shows that the total bacteria count was 1.8×105 colony forming unit per gram (CFU/g) and 4.6×103 CFU/g   respectively. The identified bacteria are staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus spp and identified fungi were Aspergillus Niger, penicillin spp and Aspergillus perfrigens respectively. Moringa seed extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, with zones of inhibitions (ZOIs) of 16 mm against Staphylococcus aureus  and 15 mm against Streptococcus spp. Garlic (GL)  showed the least antibacterial activity among the natural preservative samples, with 9mm zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and 4 mm against Streptococcus spp. Clove extract displayed significant antibacterial activity, with 14 mm zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and 19 mm against Streptococcus spp. Ginger extract exhibited slight antibacterial activity, with zones of inhibition of 4 mm against both bacterial strains. Chemical composition of the treated pineapple juice result ranges from 0.77-0.865% TTA, 64.12-63.10 Vit C, 26.50-25.06 Brix Content,3.20-3.39 pH and 13.23-13.17 TSS respectively. The control (100% pineapple Juice) displayed balanced properties serving as an effective baseline3. Storage studies, ambient stored samples were analyzed at 0 day and 21 days intervals. All samples were subjected to standard analytical methods. Results showed increase in number of bacteria and fungi with increase in the number of days. The use of cloves, garlic, ginger, and moringa seeds as natural antimicrobial agents in pineapple juice is effective in controlling microbial growth, thus enhancing the safety and shelf life of the juice. These treatments also influence the chemical and sensory properties of the juice, contributing to consumer acceptability.
Integrating Marma Sharira: Ayurveda’s Insights into Modern Traumatology
Authors: Soni Gaurav
Published: October 2024

Marma Sharira, an integral concept in Ayurveda, represents vital points in the human body where the life force (Prana) is concentrated. Marma points are certain anatomical locations on the human body that are important for understanding trauma management and injury prevention in addition to preserving health. When these sites are traumatized there can be profound effects on the body and mind. Several clinical observations suggests that Marma therapy i.e. manipulation of Marma points not only accelerates the healing process but also enhances the body's innate capacity for recovery by harmonizing the flow of Prana (vital life force) facilitatingin pain management, stress reduction, musculoskeletal disorders, and enhancing overall vitality. By balancing the body's energy flow, it supports the immune system, accelerates healing processes, and improves quality of life. The paper also highlights the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach that combines traditional knowledge with modern medical procedures as reported in stroke management, and it explores how Marma Sharira's tenets might help with trauma treatment today.
Evaluation of Agronomic Management of Overaged Seedlings of Rice Varieties on yield Parameters and Nutrient Uptake in North Coastal A.P
Authors: Polimera P. V. V. Ajay Kumar , Rao A. Upendra , Basu B. Jyothi , Naidu G. Mohan
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at the college farm of Agricultural College, Naira, Srikakulam to study the yield attributes and Nutrient uptake of different rice varieties as influenced by the intervention of different agronomic management techniques under late sown, over aged seedlings conditions in a split-plot design, comprised of three different varieties MTU 1210 (M1), MTU 1224 (M2) and BPT 2411 (M3) transplanted at the age of 45 days in the main field as main plots and with subplot treatments of seven different agronomic techniques adopted for study i.e. comprised Planting 33 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN ( 120 kg N as 70:30 in 2 splits) (S1), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 3 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN (S2), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN (S3), Planting 33 hills-2 with 6 seedlings per hill+125% of RDN (150 kg N as 70:30 in 2 splits) (S4), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 3 seedlings + 125% of RDN (S5), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 125% of RDN (S6). Planting 33 hills m-2 with 3 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN (S7). Regarding yield attributes and Nutrient uptake, BPT 2411 outperformed MTU 1224 and MTU 1210 among the varieties. Under late sown over aged seedlings conditions the variety BPT 2411 cultivated with an agronomic management of planting 44 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 125% of RDN of fertility levels of 150-60-50 N, P and K kg ha-1 attains the highest grain and straw yields.
Disaster Communication in Forest and Land Fire Management in South Kalimantan
Authors: Waluyo Bambang Dwi , Chandrabuwono Achmad Bayu , Hidayat Riski Muslim , Istihsan M. Aldi , Muhammad Khadafi Nur
Published: October 2024

The recurrence of forest and land fires in the South Kalimantan region can be attributed to the insufficient implementation of disaster risk communication. Hence, it is imperative for this study to address the topic of disaster risk communication as a means of mitigating forest and land fires in the region of South Kalimantan. This study addresses the scientific subject of why the southern Kalimantan provincial government is still struggling to coordinate the resolve of forest and land fires, despite the implementation of forest and land fire disaster control measures. The research methodology employed in this study utilizes a qualitative approach, namely of a descriptive nature.  The data collection approaches employed in this study include interviews, documentation analysis, and literature review. This study aims to elucidate the dearth of educational information pertaining to the prevention and mitigation of forest and land fires within communities. The presence of suitable information and education boards is lacking. Despite the government's extensive endeavors in forest and land fire disaster management in the South Kalimantan region, the absence of an early preventive system pertaining to such calamities remains evident. The proper implementation of educational initiatives pertaining to disaster prevention and early detection has not been effectively carried out. The current state of optimizing information pertaining to public education within the realm of catastrophes remains constrained by the limited involvement of the government in actively engaging with other relevant parties, particularly the media.
Assessing the Synergistic Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Growth Retardants on Insitu Sprouting and Quality Parameters of Groundnut VRI 8
Authors: Ezhilarasi R. , Ragavan T. , Subramanian E. , Amutha R. , Mothilal A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Groundnut is a crucial oilseed crop cultivated year-round, with seed dormancy controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Preventing pre-harvest sprouting is essential, as it is a common issue. To study the effect of deficit irrigation management and foliar application of growth retardant chemicals on pre-harvest sprouting control efficiency to achieve higher yield of groundnut.
Methodology: In a field experiment conducted during early summer 2024 at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, the effectiveness of different growth retardant chemicals and deficit irrigation management on reducing in-situ sprouting of groundnut kernels was investigated. The experiment included three irrigation management strategies: conventional irrigation and two deficit irrigation treatments where irrigation was withheld from 90 to 105 DAS (Days After Sowing) and 85 to 100 DAS. Additionally, foliar sprays of growth retardant chemicals were applied at 75 and 90 DAS. The chemicals tested were maleic hydrazide (MH) @ 1250 ppm, cycocel (CCC) @ 1000 ppm, abscisic acid (ABA) @ 750 ppm, and salicylic acid (SA) @ 750 ppm. Proper agronomic practices were followed throughout the crop growth cycle.
Results: Among the growth retardant chemicals tested, MH @ 1250 ppm proved effective in inducing dormancy. Withdrawal of irrigation from 90 to 105 DAS also significantly contributed to dormancy induction, extending dormancy by more than 5 days post-harvest as well as reduced the pod loss which significantly increased pod yield. It was because of the reduction in soil moisture content during harvest stage and alteration in the hormonal activities. Specifically, the combined treatment of foliar application of MH @ 1250 ppm and no irrigation from 90 to 105 DAS reduced germination percentage by 12.6%, 36.8% and 60.5% immediately 5, 10 and 15 days after harvest respectively.
Conclusion: The reduction in soil moisture content during the harvest stage, coupled with changes in hormonal activities, significantly impacts seed sprouting. These factors can lead to stress conditions that hinder germination, ultimately affecting crop yields. Addressing these issues is crucial for ensuring optimal seed development and enhancing agricultural productivity.
In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides and Bio-rationals against Pestalotiopsis psidii Causing Guava Fruit Canker
Authors: Parmar M. C. , Patel P. R.
Published: October 2024

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), originating from Tropical America and part of the Myrtaceae family, is a highly adaptable and nutritionally valuable fruit. Known as the "Apple of the Tropics," it ranks as the fourth most important fruit crop globally. India leads in guava production. However, guava production faces serious threats from various diseases, particularly canker caused by Pestalotiopsis psidii. The disease, varying in severity across guava varieties, manifests as brown necrotic spots on fruits that progress to crater-like lesions covered with white mycelium. In vitro evaluation of fungicides and bio-rationals revealed that carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP and azoxystrobin 11% + tebuconazole 18.3% SC at all the tested concentration i.e. 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm demonstrated complete inhibition of the pathogen, followed by mancozeb 75% WP showed 97.41 per cent inhibition rate at highest concentration i.e. 2000 ppm. Among the bio-rationals, panchgavya completely inhibited mycelial growth at both 5% and 10% concentration, followed closely by buttermilk, which showed growth inhibition of 45.93 and 17.78 per cent at 10% and 5% concentration, respectively.
Effect of Integrated Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on, Growth of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Choudhary Anita , Yadav D.K. , Choudhary Rajesh , Choudhary M.R. , Achra Rajesh , Dadrwal Basant Kumar
Published: October 2024

Field experiments were conducted under loamy sand soil during rabi seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the Horticulture farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. The experiment comprised of 28 treatment combinations of organic manures, inorganic fertilizer in main plot and 4 levels of foliar application through organic manures. The treatments with their symbols are described as under (100% RD of N through inorganic fertilizers (V1), 75% Inorganic fertilizers+ 25% vermicompost (V2), 75% Inorganic fertilizers+ 25% poultry manure (V3), 75% Inorganic fertilizer + 25% FYM (V4), 50 % Inorganic fertilizer + 50% vermicompost (V5),  50% Inorganic fertilizer + 50% poultry manure (V6),  and 50% Inorganic fertilizer + 50% FYM (V7),  were assigned to main plots and four levels of organics (Control ( O0), Vermiwash (O1), Panchgavya (O2), and Cow urine (O3), in sub plots and replicated thrice in split plot design. Garlic variety ‘G-282’ was used as a test crop. On the basis of two years result, application of 100 % inorganic fertilizer and foliar spray of Panchgavya was proved the most superior treatment combination in garlic representing the significantly higher growth parameter plant height of garlic at 60 and 90 days, number of leaf at 60 and 90 days and chlorophyll content.
Management of Nutrients in Soybean (Glycine max) Crops: A Review
Authors: Singh Soni , Saini Pradip Kumar , Bhati Jitender , Kumar Dheerendra , Shukla Shwetank , Yadav Suryabala
Published: October 2024

Effective nutrient management is crucial for maximizing soybean (Glycine max) yield, promoting sustainable farming methods, and satisfying worldwide food requirements. This paper analyses significant discoveries and optimal methods in nutrient management for soybean crops, with a focus on the cruciality of efficient techniques to optimize yield, quality, and environmental conservation. Soybeans have distinct nutritional needs during their many growth stages, with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and micronutrients playing vital roles in plant growth, yield formation, and stress resistance. Optimal fertilization, determined through soil analysis and considering the specific requirements of the crops, is crucial for providing sufficient nutrients while minimizing negative environmental consequences such as nutrient runoff, leaching, and greenhouse gas emissions. Novel developments and advancements, such as precision agriculture, variable rate fertilization, and smart fertilizers, present inventive methods to enhance the efficiency of nutrient management procedures. These technological improvements allow for the precise distribution of nutrients to specific areas, using data to make informed decisions and improve the efficiency of resources. This ultimately leads to better crop performance and sustainability. In addition, efficient nutrient management enhances soil health, increases resistance to both living organisms and non-living environmental pressures and ensures economic sustainability for farmers. Soybean producers may achieve optimal yields, quality, and profitability while minimizing environmental hazards by implementing integrated nutrient management systems, including organic amendments, and closely monitoring crop nutrition. To summarise, this review emphasizes the significance of nutrient management in soybean production, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive strategies that take into account agronomic, environmental, and economic factors. Ongoing research, innovation, and information sharing are crucial for improving nutrient management strategies and guaranteeing the long-term sustainability of soybean cropping systems.
A novel c‐Src recruitment pathway from the cytosol to focal adhesions
Authors: Machiyama Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Watanabe Tomonobu M. , Fujita Hideaki
Published: May 2017

The role of myristoylation in the localization and catalytic activity of Src at focal adhesions was investigated by live‐cell imaging and site‐directed mutagenesis. Although the majority of activated Src molecules are localized at focal adhesions, it is unclear how activated Src molecules are recruited to focal adhesions. Because Src is activated at the cell membrane, translocation of Src to cell membranes is considered to be essential for its recruitment to focal adhesions. Membrane‐targeting‐deficient Src mutant SrcG2A localizes at focal adhesions, indicating direct recruitment of Src from cytosol to focal adhesions. Furthermore, directly recruited Src molecules are shown to enhance paxillin dynamics at focal adhesions. These results reveal that the regulation of Src activation and translocation is more complex than previously suggested.
CheY acetylation is required for ordinary adaptation time in Escherichia coli chemotaxis
Authors: Baron Szilvia , Eisenbach Michael
Published: May 2017

Recent studies demonstrated the dependence of speed adaptation in Escherichia coli on acetylation of the chemotaxis signaling molecule CheY. Here, we examined whether CheY acetylation is involved in chemotactic adaptation. A mutant lacking the acetylating enzyme acetyl‐CoA synthetase (Acs) requires more time to adapt to attractant stimulation, and vice versa to repellent stimulation. This effect is avoided by conditions that favor production of acetyl‐CoA, thus enabling Acs‐independent CheY autoacetylation, or reversed by expressing Acs from a plasmid. These findings suggest that CheY should be acetylated for ordinary adaptation time, and that the function of this acetylation in adaptation is to enable the motor to shift its rotation to clockwise. We further identify the enzyme phosphotransacetylase as a third deacetylase of CheY in E. coli.
Photophysiological and light absorption properties of phytoplankton communities in the river‐dominated margin of the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Chakraborty Sumit , Lohrenz Steven E. , Gundersen Kjell
Published: May 2017

Spatial and temporal variability in photophysiological properties of phytoplankton were examined in relationship to phytoplankton community composition in the river‐dominated continental margin of the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM). Observations made during five research cruises in the NGOM included phytoplankton photosynthetic and optical properties and associated environmental conditions and phytoplankton community structure. Distinct patterns of spatial and temporal variability in photophysiological parameters were found for waters dominated by different phytoplankton groups. Photophysiological properties for locations associated with dominance by a particular group of phytoplankton showed evidence of photoacclimation as reflected by differences in light absorption and pigment characteristics in relationship to different light environments. The maximum rate of photosynthesis normalized to chlorophyll (
) was significantly higher for communities dominated (>60% biomass) by cyanobacteria + prochlorophyte (cyano + prochl). The initial slope of the photosynthesis‐irradiance (P‐E) curve normalized to chlorophyll (
) was not clearly related to phytoplankton community structure and no significant differences were found in
and
between different geographic regions. In contrast, maximum quantum yield of carbon fixation in photosynthesis (Φcmax) differed significantly between regions and was higher for diatom‐dominated communities. Multiple linear regression models, specific for the different phytoplankton communities, using a combination of environmental and bio‐optical proxies as predictor variables showed considerable promise for estimation of the photophysiological parameters on a regional scale. Such an approach may be utilized to develop size class‐specific or phytoplankton group‐specific primary productivity models for the NGOM.
Climatology and numerical case study of moisture sources associated with subtropical cyclogenesis over the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Gozzo L. F. , da Rocha R. P. , Gimeno L. , Drumond A.
Published: May 2017

An important feature during cyclogenesis is the availability of moisture to fuel the associated convective activity providing faster developments and more intense systems. In this work, an investigation of the role of local evaporation and remote water vapor transport prior to subtropical cyclogenesis in the southwestern South Atlantic (named RG1 region) is presented. Results were obtained analyzing the period from 1980 to 2015 with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model together with the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The northern sector of the Subtropical High in the South Atlantic Ocean stands out as the main source region of water vapor to the RG1, with the low‐level northeasterly winds being responsible by moisture transport. An anomalous moisture transport from lower latitudes preceded the subtropical cyclogenesis events and provided the necessary water vapor to fuel the convective activity. A numerical case study using the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model indicated that the remote moisture source is essential for subtropical cyclogenesis in RG1, since it allows a stronger surface low pressure to develop and supports the formation of a cutoff low in the middle troposphere. Though the local evaporation has a secondary role in this process, it helped the system to attain the observed intensity and subtropical characteristics. Therefore, both local and remote moisture sources provide the incipient subtropical cyclone with the horizontal temperature advection and convective activity necessary to its further development.
The effects of oceanic barrier layer on the upper ocean response to tropical cyclones
Authors: Yan Youfang , Li Li , Wang Chunzai
Published: May 2017

Previous studies of the barrier layer (BL) and tropical cyclone (TC) intensification show controversial results. Some studies suggest that the BL is favorable for TC intensification, whereas others demonstrate that the BL has little impact. The present paper reconciles these previous results by showing that the influence of the BL on TC intensification is complex and dependent on the stages, TC intensity, TC forcing time, and ocean stratification. The influence can be divided into three different stages. First, when a TC is weak or the TC‐induced forcing cannot break through the mixed layer (ML), the presence of the BL leads to a thin ML, results in a large ML cooling, and reduces the effective TC heat potential (ETCHP) by distributing the air‐sea heat loss to the thin ML, thus suppressing TC growth. Second, when TC strengthens or wind forcing increases, the forcing becomes strong enough to break through the ML and penetrates into the BL. The entrainment of BL water, which is warmer than the cooled ML, compensates the surface heat loss and leads to an increase of the ML temperature, supporting TC growth. Third, when the TC‐induced forcing is strong enough to break through the BL base and penetrates to the thermocline, the BL reduces the magnitudes of cooling temperature and of decreasing ETCHP compared to those without the BL, which is also favorable for TC intensification. Thus, whether the BL intensifies TCs depends on the conditions associated with the upper layer ocean and TCs.
A Lewis‐Acid Monopolar Gate Dielectric for All‐Inkjet‐Printed Highly Bias‐Stress Stable Organic Transistors
Authors: Jiang Chen , Ma Hanbin , Hasko David Gregory , Guo Xiaojun , Nathan Arokia
Published: May 2017

A Lewis‐acid monopolar polymer with both hydrophobicity and lipophilicity is used as the gate dielectric for all‐inkjet‐printed organic thin‐film transistors. The hydrophobicity of this polymer prevents water molecules from migrating and being trapped in the gate dielectric, while its lipophilicity allows good wetting by organic solvents for further deposition of other functional layers. These organic thin‐film transistors demonstrate high bias‐stress stability under both positive and negative bias in ambient air. This study unlocks the potential of all‐inkjet‐printed organic thin‐film transistors for real‐world low‐cost large‐area applications.
Aerosol‐Jet Printing of Polymer‐Sorted (6,5) Carbon Nanotubes for Field‐Effect Transistors with High Reproducibility
Authors: Rother Marcel , Brohmann Maximilian , Yang Shuyi , Grimm Stefan B. , Schießl Stefan P. , Graf Arko , Zaumseil Jana
Published: May 2017

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a promising material for flexible and printed electronics. Efficient dispersion and sorting methods facilitate the production of large quantities of high‐quality semiconducting SWNT inks for direct printing. Here, the suitability of aerosol‐jet printing of polymer‐sorted (6,5) SWNTs for top‐gate field‐effect transistors is investigated. Despite the sonication involved in the printing process, almost no impact on the quality of the SWNTs in terms of defects and length is found. Printed network transistors show reproducible device performance over extended printing periods and for different ink batches with constant printing parameters. Deposition of multiple SWNT layers to obtain thicker and optically dense films increases the effective mobility and on‐conductance, while also decreasing hysteresis. Aerosol‐jet printing of SWNTs is thus suitable for the fabrication of integrated circuits based on nanotube transistors.
Multicenter analysis of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for management of MPN‐associated portal hypertension
Authors: Reilly Christopher R. , Babushok Daria V. , Martin Karlyn , Spivak Jerry L. , Streiff Michael , Bahirwani Ranjeeta , Mondschein Jeffrey , Stein Brady , Moliterno Alison , Hexner Elizabeth O.
Published: May 2017

BCR‐ABL1‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders defined by proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages, and carry an increased risk of vascular events and progression to myelofibrosis and leukemia. Portal hypertension (pHTN) occurs in 7‐18% of MPN patients via both thrombotic and nonthrombotic mechanisms and portends a poor prognosis. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been used in the management of MPN‐associated pHTN; however, data on long‐term outcomes of TIPS in this setting is limited and the optimal management of medically refractory MPN‐associated pHTN is not known. In order to assess the efficacy and long‐term outcomes of TIPS in MPN‐associated pHTN, we performed a retrospective analysis of 29 MPN patients who underwent TIPS at three academic medical centers between 1997 and 2016. The majority of patients experienced complete clinical resolution of pHTN and its clinical sequelae following TIPS. One, two, three, and four‐year overall survival post‐TIPS was 96.4%, 92.3%, 84.6%, and 71.4%, respectively. However, despite therapeutic anticoagulation, in‐stent thrombosis occurred in 31.0% of patients after TIPS, necessitating additional interventions. In conclusion, TIPS can be an effective intervention for MPN‐associated pHTN regardless of etiology. However, TIPS thrombosis is a frequent complication in the MPN population and indefinite anticoagulation post‐TIPS should be considered.
An Efficient on‐Line Parameter Identification Algorithm for Nonlinear Servomechanisms with an Algebraic Technique for State Estimation
Authors: Miranda‐Colorado Roger , Moreno‐Valenzuela Javier
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a methodology for on‐line closed‐loop identification of a class of nonlinear servomechanisms. First, a system is defined with the same structure as the actual servomechanism, but using time‐varying estimated parameters. No coupling between the actual and the estimation systems is present. Position, velocity and acceleration errors, defined as the difference of the actual respective signals and the signals coming from the estimation system, are required in the identification method. Then, a recursive algorithm for on‐line identification of the system parameters is derived from a cost function depending on a linear combination of all the estimation errors. Velocity and acceleration estimates, required in the proposed parameter identification algorithm, are obtained by using an algebraic methodology. The identification algorithm is compared by means of real‐time experiments with an on‐line least squares algorithm with forgetting factor and an off‐line least squares algorithm with data preprocessing. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has a performance comparable to that obtained with the off‐line least squares algorithm, but with the advantage of avoiding any preprocessing.
OH+ Isoprene: A Direct Dynamics Study
Authors: Jeon Jihye , Barker John Roger , Song Kihyung
Published: May 2017

The products and mechanisms active in the isoprene +OHreaction were investigated using the direct dynamics method. High energies were used in order to identify every possible reaction channel. The trajectories were classified as dissociative and nondissociative, depending on whether fragmentation occurred during the 4 ps time window of the simulations. The nondissociative trajectories were further classified as radical additions, rearrangements, and cyclizations. The most dominant category was the addition ofOHto the carbons of isoprene to form adducts. Some adducts react further by isomerization and cyclization. The dissociative trajectories were classified as hydrogen abstractions, substitutions, and eliminations. Among these, the dominant category was direct hydrogen abstraction to produceH2Oand a free radical. At higher energies, more reaction was observed. In simulations at300K, the only reaction category observed wasOHaddition to the double bonds in isoprene to form adducts.
Isolated congenital hepatic fibrosis associated with TMEM67 mutations: report of a new genotype–phenotype relationship
Authors: Vogel Ida , Ott Peter , Lildballe Dorte , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen , Vilstrup Hendrik , Grønbæk Henning
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message

We report an otherwise healthy 32‐year‐old man with portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and congenital hepatic fibrosis with ductal plate malformation. Genetic screening identified two TMEM67 mutations. Biallelic TMEM67 mutations are known to cause Joubert/Meckel syndrome or nephronopthisis with hepatic fibrosis, but have never been found in isolated hepatic fibrosis.
Unlocking the Electrocatalytic Activity of Chemically Inert Amorphous Carbon–Nitrogen for Oxygen Reduction: Discerning and Refactoring the Chaotic Bonds
Authors: Zhang Cai , Zhang Wei , Yu Shansheng , Wang Dong , Zhang Wenjing , Zheng Weitao , Wen Mao , Tian Hongwei , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua , Bentzen Janet Jonna
Published: May 2017

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Wei Zhang and Cai Zhang from Jilin University (Changchun, China). The image shows that heat treatment can govern the bonding states and unlock the ORR activity for nitrogen‐doped amorphous carbon, which is an analogy to the beauty of the stained‐glass windows of Sagrada Família Basílica (Barcelona, Spain) revealed by the sunlight streaming through the windows. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/celc.201700106.
Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensor for Ag+ Based on the Supramolecular Self‐Assembly in Semi‐Water
Authors: Wei Taibao , Zhang Haili , Li Wenting , Qu Wenjuan , Su Junxia , Lin Qi , Zhang Youming , Yao Hong
Published: May 2017

Specific recognition of ultratrace levels of ions in semi‐water using super‐quicker methods is still a challenge for environmental monitoring. Herein we report a fluorescent and colormetric sensor (ZH) based on supramolecular self‐assembly, whose structure was destroyed by the addition of ultratrace of silver ions. The process promoted either naked eye visible color changes or fluorescence intensity quenched in conjunction with a wide pH range. Systematic studies revealed very high selectivity (0.07 µmol/L) for silver ions, and other common cations, e.g., Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ had nearly no influence on the sensing behavior. This sensor also served as a multiple use of component in sensing materials by addition of I− into the mixture of ZH and Ag+ (about 5 times). What's more, ZH containing filter paper emerged distinct color and fluorescence changes upon exposure to silver (Ag+), which could be used as a portable method to undertake field testing for Ag+.
Pathways for the Evaluation of Stormwater Quality Improvement Devices − the Experience of Six Countries
Authors: Lucke Terry , Nichols Peter , Shaver Earl , Lenhart James , Welker Antje , Huber Maximilian
Published: May 2017

The benefits of nationally coordinated schemes to manage the introduction of new (SQIDs) have been acknowledged in various countries. This review compares the existing frameworks used in Australia, Austria, Germany, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United States. The review describes the framework and structure of each system, and their individual components are presented. The Australian and New Zealand protocols have yet to be formally adopted and remain largely untested. The Australian and New Zealand protocols are compared with successfully established processes operating in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. Adequate resourcing of administrative processes and having the technical capability to review test results were found to be a critical component of the successfully adopted certification schemes. Based on the level of success of the introduction of alternative certification systems, the most successful have been integrated into the formal legislative frameworks found in each country. The creation of a successful SQID certification pathway in Germany has been driven by the implementation of new fees on the release of stormwater from private property, with exemptions where stormwater is actively managed at source. The review presented in this paper may be of benefit to countries considering the development of their own SQID evaluation and verification protocols.
Recent Advances in Surfactant‐Free, Surface‐Charged, and Defect‐Rich Catalysts Developed by Laser Ablation and Processing in Liquids
Authors: Zhang Dongshi , Liu Jun , Li Pengfei , Tian Zhenfei , Liang Changhao
Published: May 2017

For excellence in the synthesis of highly active metal and oxide catalysts, a newly emerging technique—laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC)—is gaining increasing attention for catalytic applications, such as water splitting, fuel cells, and photodegradation of organic pollutants. The advantages of using LSPC‐synthesized metal catalysts have been reviewed elsewhere [Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 3990–4103]. Herein, current challenges related to the properties (surface chemistry and particle evolution) of metal catalysts synthesized by laser ablation in liquids/laser processing in liquids are discussed. The main focus is on the advantages of LSPC in surfactant‐free defect engineering of oxide nanoparticles. Compared with other techniques (e.g., hydrogenation), LSPC provides a unique platform to simultaneously introduce oxygen vacancies and surface disorders into oxide (e.g., TiO2) nanomaterials; thus allowing narrowing of the band gap from both conduction and valence bands. Defect‐rich oxides have versatile uses, such as being directly applied as photocatalysts and as building blocks to construct supported, doped, and ternary oxide photocatalysts for electrochemical and photocatalytic applications. The LSPC‐synthesized catalysts are promising for applications as commercial catalysts in light of their higher activities than those of current Pt/C and P25 TiO2 commercial catalysts.
Fed and Fasted Administration of a Novel Extended‐Release Methylphenidate Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation for the Treatment of ADHD
Authors: Weisler Richard H. , Stark Jeffrey G. , Sikes Carolyn
Published: May 2017

Extended‐release methylphenidate is a first‐line treatment for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A methylphenidate extended‐release orally disintegrating tablet (MPH XR‐ODT) has recently been developed. Here we report an open‐label, randomized, 2‐period, 2‐treatment crossover study to determine the effect of food on the bioavailability of a single 60‐mg dose of MPH XR‐ODT in healthy adults. Blood samples were collected predose through 36 hours postdose. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), terminal elimination half‐life (T1/2), overall systemic exposure (AUClast and AUCinf), and partial areas under the concentration curve (AUC0–3, AUC3–7, and AUC7–12) were calculated. In total, 48 participants completed the study. For total methylphenidate from MPH XR‐ODT, the lower limit of the 90% confidence interval (CI) around the geometric mean ratio (GMR, fed/fasted) for Cmax was below 80%, indicating a slightly decreased rate of absorption with food, whereas the 90%CIs around the GMRs of AUClast and AUCinf were within the 80%–125% limits, suggesting no food effect on exposure. The most common adverse events (AEs) were palpitations and decreased appetite. No serious, unusual, or unexpected AEs were reported. Thus, food had no substantial effect on overall bioavailability of MPH XR‐ODT, which may be an important factor for some patients.
A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Methylphenidate Extended‐Release Orally Disintegrating Tablets With a Reference Extended‐Release Formulation of Methylphenidate in Healthy Adults
Authors: Childress Ann , Stark Jeffrey G. , McMahen Russ , Engelking Dorothy , Sikes Carolyn
Published: May 2017

Extended‐release (ER) methylphenidate (MPH) is a first‐line treatment for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A methylphenidate extended‐release orally disintegrating tablet (MPH XR‐ODT) has recently been developed. This was a randomized, open‐label, 3‐period, 3‐treatment study comparing the bioavailability and absorption of 2 MPH XR‐ODT formulations with an MPH ER reference medication. Here we report the 2 treatments comparing the commercial MPH XR‐ODT formulation and reference medication. Following a ≥10‐hour fast, 42 healthy adults received 60 mg of reference medication or MPH XR‐ODT (2 × 30 mg). The following pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated for total methylphenidate (d + l): maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), terminal half‐life (T1/2), and areas under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast), and from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf). Secondary PK end points included partial AUCs. Safety was also assessed. Overall systemic exposure to methylphenidate after MPH XR‐ODT administration was similar to that of the reference product, and the concentration–time profiles for MPH XR‐ODT and the reference drug were similar, although the Cmax was 25% higher for MPH XR‐ODT. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were nausea (6) and anxiety (4), which were similar across treatments.
Detection of malicious behavior in android apps through API calls and permission uses analysis
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Shan , Ling Zhen , Liu Yaowen , Ni Zhenyu
Published: May 2017

In recent years, with the prevalence of smartphones, the number of Android malware shows explosive growth. As malicious apps may steal users' sensitive data and even money from mobile and bank accounts, it is important to detect potential malicious behaviors so as to block them. To achieve this goal, we propose a dynamic behavior inspection and analysis framework for malicious behavior detection. A customized Android system is built to record apps' API calls, permission uses, and some other runtime features. We also develop an automated app behavior inspection platform to install and inspect massive samples so as to collect apps' dynamic behavior records. Then these records are exploited to train a string subsequence kernel–based Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, which can be used to classify benign and malicious behaviors offline. To realize online detection, we further extract apps' runtime features including sensitive permission combination uses, sensitive behavior sequences, and user interactions for behavior classification. The classification results can reach an accuracy of 84.9% in offline phase and 99.0% in online phase. Besides, we verify our scheme for identifying malicious apps, and the results show that 71.8% instances of malware samples are identified by running each app for only 18 minutes.
Dynamic cluster strategy for hierarchical rollback‐recovery protocols in MPI HPC applications
Authors: Liao Xiaofei , Zheng Long , Zhang Binsheng , Zhang Yu , Jin Hai , Shi Xuanhua , Lin Yi
Published: May 2017

Fault tolerance in parallel computing becomes increasingly important with a significant rise in high‐performance computing systems. Coordinated checkpointing and message logging protocols are commonly used fault tolerance mechanisms for message‐passing applications. However, these mechanisms are insufficient because of their severe drawbacks. Hierarchical rollback‐recovery protocols, combining coordinated checkpointing with message logging, are a better solution. However, such protocols may not obtain the appropriate efficiency because the communication pattern in different stages of applications may vary at runtime. In an effort to improve the efficiency of hierarchical rollback‐recovery protocols, we propose a dynamic cluster strategy to adapt to the runtime variation of communication pattern by using a prediction scheme. Finally, the efficiency and scalability of the dynamic cluster strategy are evaluated using 2 static process partition algorithms on the High‐Performance Linpack benchmark.
Drug residues in syringes and other injecting paraphernalia in Hungary
Authors: Péterfi Anna , Csorba József , Figeczki Tamás , Kiss József , Medgyesi‐Frank Katalin , Posta János , Gyarmathy V. Anna
Published: May 2017

The appearance and spread of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is a phenomenon seen throughout Europe since 2008. Synthetic cathinones, a group of NPS, have been self‐reported as the drug injected by the vast majority of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Hungary. This study aims at updating our knowledge of what exactly are the compounds injected by PWID.

This multi‐site study analysed residues from used injecting drug paraphernalia collected from PWID via low‐threshold services and from public places in Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged, Békéscsaba and Pécs between March 2015 and February 2016. The paper describes the results of the chemical analysis of 2985 analytical samples created out of the 22 005 objects collected in this period. Active agents and their occurrences (compound cases) were identified using GC–MS.

The study detected 161 different compounds, mostly synthetic cathinones (29%), non‐psychoactive compounds (14%), amines (12%), non‐psychoactive medications (12%) and other substances (32%). Of the 12 762 compound cases, 50% were cathinones, 18% substitution medications, 9% non‐controlled psychoactive substances and 24% other substances. Among compound cases, the most frequent cathinones were pentedrone (21%) and α‐PHP (12%). Among substitution medications, most were methadone (93%), and non‐controlled psychoactive substances were caffeine (74%) and nicotine (21%). Overall, the most prevalent substances were methadone (16%), pentedrone (10%) and caffeine (7%) with considerable variation detected among participating cities.

Our results are consistent with previous self‐reported data showing a high prevalence of synthetic cathinone injection among PWID in Hungary. We also detected a large‐scale misuse of methadone by PWID.
Synthesis and Properties of Triphenodioxazine‐Based Conjugated Polymers for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Gong Xiaohui , Han Pei , Wen Hui , Sun Ying , Zhang Xueqin , Yang Hong , Lin Baoping
Published: May 2017

As a fused‐ring conjugated unit, triphenodioxazine, has been applied in two series of thiophene‐free conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells. The polymers were synthesized through a multi‐step synthetic route, and the substituents had a great effect on the reactivity of the reactants. Relationships among the polymer structures as well as thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties were investigated in detail by experimental data analysis and theoretical simulation. The polymers possess highly planar backbones, broad Vis/NIR absorption bands, suitable frontier molecular orbital energies, and low band gaps ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 eV. The power conversion efficiencies of their photovoltaic devices are about 1 %. Introducing longer alkyl side chains into a polymer can bring about a better film‐forming ability and improve the photovoltaic performance.