bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo glucose metabolism and glutamate levels in mGluR5 knockout mice: a multimodal neuroimaging study using [18F]FDG microPET and MRS
Authors: Joo Yo-Han , Kim Yun-Kwan , Choi In-Gyu , Kim Hyeon-Jin , Son Young-Don , Kim Hang-Keun , Cumming Paul , Kim Jong-Hoon
Published: October 2020

Background

Perturbed functional coupling between the metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. We aimed to establish the functional interaction between mGluR5 and NMDA receptors in brain of mice with genetic ablation of the mGluR5.

Methods

We first measured the brain glutamate levels with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in mGluR5 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Then, we assessed brain glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography before and after the acute administration of an NMDA antagonist, MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg), in the same mGluR5 KO and WT mice.

Results

Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in [18F]FDG standardized uptake values (SUVs) in brain of mGluR5 KO and WT mice at baseline, but widespread reductions in mGluR5 KO mice compared to WT mice after MK-801 administration (p < 0.05). The baseline glutamate levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, there were significant negative correlations between baseline prefrontal glutamate levels and regional [18F]FDG SUVs in mGluR5 KO mice (p < 0.05), but no such correlations in WT mice. Fisher’s Z-transformation analysis revealed significant between-group differences in these correlations (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This is the first multimodal neuroimaging study in mGluR5 KO mice and the first report on the association between cerebral glucose metabolism and glutamate levels in living rodents. The results indicate that mGluR5 KO mice respond to NMDA antagonism with reduced cerebral glucose metabolism, suggesting that mGluR5 transmission normally moderates the net effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on neuronal activity. The negative correlation between glutamate levels and glucose metabolism in mGluR5 KO mice at baseline may suggest an unmasking of an inhibitory component of the glutamatergic regulation of neuronal energy metabolism.
Existence of positive solutions for singular Dirichlet boundary value problems with impulse and derivative dependence
Authors: Jin Fengfei , Yan Baoqiang
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we present a theorem for some impulsive boundary problems with derivative dependence by the upper and lower solutions method. Using the theorem obtained, we consider the existence of positive solutions of some class of singular impulsive boundary problems.
Optimal control of visceral, cutaneous and post kala-azar leishmaniasis
Authors: Zamir M. , Nadeem F. , Zaman G.
Published: October 2020

This article focuses on the eradication of different strains of leishmaniasis with the help of almost nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). A comprehensive mathematical model of the disease is formulated incorporating three types of populations: sandflies, humans and dogs (reservoirs), and 3-types of strains: $C_{l}$

C
l

, cutaneous leishmaniasis; $V_{l}$

V
l

, kala-azar; and PKDL, post kala-azar. We find $R_{0}$

R
0

, the basic reproduction number of the infection. On the basis of sensitivity test of $R_{0}$

R
0

, the most active/sensitive parameters are investigated. These active parameters are controlled with the help of control variables. In some cases different parameters depend on the same single parameter, like ovigenesis and biting rate, both of which are linked to the blood source. Therefore we introduce three nonpharmaceutical control variables in the proposed model to control the biting rate of sandflies, density of seropositive dogs, and density of vector population. Nonpharmaceutical interventions include bed nets, eradiation of infectious dogs, and residual sprays, and thus extend the proposed model to an optimal control model. Using Lagrangian and Hamiltonian, we minimize the densities infected classes in human, sandfly and vector populations. Adopting optimality approach, we check the existence of the optimal control for the system. Using Matlab, we produce numerical simulations for the validation of results of control variables.
Half-linear dynamic equations and investigating weighted Hardy and Copson inequalities
Authors: Saker S. H. , Sayed A. G. , AlNemer Ghada , Zakarya M.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we employ some algebraic equations due to Hardy and Littlewood to establish some conditions on weights in dynamic inequalities of Hardy and Copson type. For illustrations, we derive some dynamic inequalities of Wirtinger, Copson and Hardy types and formulate the classical integral and discrete inequalities with sharp constants as particular cases. The results improve some results obtained in the literature.
Dutch DALYs, current and future burden of disease in the Netherlands
Authors: Hilderink Henk B. M. , Plasmans Marjanne H. D. , Poos M. J. J. C. , Eysink Petra E. D. , Gijsen Ronald
Published: October 2020

Background

The Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a measure to prioritize in the public health field. In the Netherlands, the DALY estimates are calculated since 1997 and are included in the Public Health Status and Foresight studies which is an input for public health priority setting and policy making. Over these 20 years, methodological advancements have been made, including accounting for multimorbidity and performing projections for DALYs into the future. Most important methodological choices and improvements are described and results are presented.

Methods

The DALY is composed of the two components years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and years lost due to disability (YLD). Both the YLL and the YLD are distinguished by sex, age and health condition, allowing aggregation to the ICD-10 chapters. The YLD is corrected for multimorbidity, assuming independent occurrence of health conditions and a multiplicative method for the calculation of combined disability weights. Future DALYs are calculated based on projections for causes of death, and prevalence and incidence.

Results

The results for 2015 show that cancer is the ICD-10 chapter with the highest disease burden, followed by cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. For the individual health conditions, coronary heart disease had the highest disease burden in 2015. In 2040, we see a strong increase in disease burden of dementia and arthrosis. For dementia this is due to a threefold increase in dementia as a cause of death, while for arthrosis this is mainly due to the increase in prevalence.

Conclusions

To calculate the DALY requires a substantial amount of data, methodological choices, interpretation and presentation of results, and the personnel capacity to carry out all these tasks. However, doing a National Burden of Disease study, and especially doing that for more than 20 years, proved to have an enormous additional value in population health information and thus supports better public health policies.
Etiology and antimicrobial resistance of secondary bacterial infections in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Junwei , Yang Yi , Cai Peishan , Cao Jingchao , Cai Xuefeng , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2020

Background

A considerable proportion of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acquired secondary bacterial infections (SBIs). The etiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria were reported and used to provide a theoretical basis for appropriate infection therapy.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed electronic medical records of all the patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Wuhan Union Hospital between January 27 and March 17, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients who acquired SBIs were enrolled. Demographic, clinical course, etiology, and antimicrobial resistance data of the SBIs were collected. Outcomes were also compared between patients who were classified as severe and critical on admission.

Results

Among 1495 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 102 (6.8%) patients had acquired SBIs, and almost half of them (49.0%, 50/102) died during hospitalization. Compared with severe patients, critical patients had a higher chance of SBIs. Among the 159 strains of bacteria isolated from the SBIs, 136 strains (85.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top three bacteria of SBIs were A. baumannii (35.8%, 57/159), K. pneumoniae (30.8%, 49/159), and S. maltophilia (6.3%, 10/159). The isolation rates of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae were 91.2 and 75.5%, respectively. Meticillin resistance was present in 100% of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative staphylococci, and vancomycin resistance was not found.

Conclusions

SBIs may occur in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and lead to high mortality. The incidence of SBIs was associated with the severity of illness on admission. Gram-negative bacteria, especially A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae, were the main bacteria, and the resistance rates of the major isolated bacteria were generally high. This was a single-center study; thus, our results should be externally examined when applied in other institutions.
Comparison of three fixation methods for orotracheal intubation in 95 adults
Authors: Sun Ye , Fan Hua , Song Xiao-Xia , Zhang Hua
Published: October 2020

Background

The present study aimed to compare three fixation methods for orotracheal intubation.

Methods

Through literature retrieval, the effects of the adhesive/twill tape method, fixator method, and adhesive/twill tape–fixator alternation method on patients with tracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) were compared.

Results

The fixator and alternation methods were more effective in protecting the tongue mucosa and teeth. The alternation method was superior to the other two methods in maintaining the position of the endotracheal intubation. However, the difference in facial and lip injuries between the three methods was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The fixator method can significantly reduce intraoral injury and is more suitable for older people with weak tongue mucosa and loose teeth. These are worth popularizing among a wider group.
Trophic interactions as determinants of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community with cascading plant-promoting consequences
Authors: Jiang Yuji , Luan Lu , Hu Kaijie , Liu Manqiang , Chen Ziyun , Geisen Stefan , Chen Xiaoyun , Li Huixin , Xu Qinsong , Bonkowski Michael , Sun Bo
Published: October 2020

Background

The soil mycobiome is composed of a complex and diverse fungal community, which includes functionally diverse species ranging from plant pathogens to mutualists. Among the latter are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that provide phosphorous (P) to plants. While plant hosts and abiotic parameters are known to structure AMF communities, it remains largely unknown how higher trophic level organisms, including protists and nematodes, affect AMF abundance and community composition.

Results

Here, we explored the connections between AMF, fungivorous protists and nematodes that could partly reflect trophic interactions, and linked those to rhizosphere P dynamics and plant performance in a long-term manure application setting. Our results revealed that manure addition increased AMF biomass and the density of fungivorous nematodes, and tailored the community structures of AMF, fungivorous protists, and nematodes. We detected a higher abundance of AMF digested by the dominant fungivorous nematodesAphelenchoidesandAphelenchusin high manure treatments compared to no manure and low manure treatments. Structural equation modeling combined with network analysis suggested that predation by fungivorous protists and nematodes stimulated AMF biomass and modified the AMF community composition. The mycorrhizal-fungivore interactions catalyzed AMF colonization and expression levels of the P transporter geneZMPht1;6in maize roots, which resulted in enhanced plant productivity.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of predation as a key element in shaping the composition and enhancing the biomass of AMF, leading to increased plant performance. As such, we clarify novel biological mechanism of the complex interactions between AMF, fungivorous protists, and nematodes in driving P absorption and plant performance.
Correction to: A comparison of biologicals in the treatment of adults with severe asthma – real-life experiences
Authors: Kotisalmi Emma , Hakulinen Auli , Mäkelä Mika , Toppila-Salmi Sanna , Kauppi Paula
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Two cheers for Migration Studies
Authors: Vertovec Steven
Published: October 2020

Over the last 30 years, as the CrossMigration project demonstrates, Migration Studies has been positively institutionalized in a number of ways. Further, a number of new theoretical interventions have significantly altered the ways we understand migration. What unfortunately has not changed, I believe, is the low level of impact that academic studies of migration has had on public understanding. For these reasons, we can call for a limited “two cheers for Migration studies”, but not the conventional three cheers.
Improving the resolution of impedance inversion in karst systems by incorporating diffraction information: A case study of Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Xiang Kun , Han Linghe , Hu Ziduo , Landa Evgeny
Published: October 2020

Different scales of voids and cavities in karst systems demonstrate considerable potential as exploration targets in the Tarim Basin, northwest China. Numerous diffraction events exist in the seismic data above the karst reservoir in this area because of the strong impedance contrast and irregular shape of voids. The conventional impedance inversion method using migrated data as an input cannot easily estimate the location of voids and the impedance inside the voids. In this case, an alternative approach to impedance inversion that considers the diffractive component of the total wavefield and uses the unmigrated data as an input should be used. The inversion consists of a least-squares minimization of the misfit function between the observed and modeled data. Forward modeling incorporates a combination of reflection and diffraction wavefield components. The adopted method is applied to physical modeling and field data recorded above the karst reservoir. This study’s physical modeling test simulates observed field data and is performed using a high-resolution and high-fidelity 3D modeling system. Inversion results obtained by the proposed and conventional methods are compared. Physical modeling and a field data application show that the adopted impedance inversion method improves the karst location estimation and the acoustic impedance within the voids.
Integrating time-lapse gravity, production, and geologic structure data in a gas reservoir study
Authors: Balza Andrea , Li Yaoguo
Published: October 2020

Time-lapse gravity is most commonly used to monitor fluid movement and is especially useful when monitoring water encroachment in a gas reservoir. Although time-lapse gravity data are directly sensitive to density changes in reservoirs, it is still necessary to integrate multiple types of data with complementary information to enhance the time-lapse gravity interpretation. When monitoring water influx in a reservoir, the changes in water yield in production wells may directly indicate saturation changes with time and provide such complementary information about the areas of fluid movement. We have developed a workflow to invert a time-lapse gravity data set and production data to help monitor the edge-water encroachment through a case study at the Sebei gas field in western China. Three time-lapse gravity surveys were acquired between 2011 and 2013, resulting in three sets of time-lapse gravity difference data. Production data were also collected from 286 wells during the same period of time. We integrate the two data sets and the structural information in the reservoir through a framework of constrained time-lapse gravity inversion. In this workflow, we incorporate information from the production data into the inversion by converting the gas and water yield into a reference model. We also incorporate geologic structural information through spatially varying bound constraints. Through this approach, we construct a set of time-lapse density contrast models that are consistent with the time-lapse gravity data, production data, and structural information. The resultant density contrast models better delineate the regions of reservoir with increased water influx and also enable improved porosity estimation in the reservoir.
Self-administered EMDR therapy: potential solution for expanding the availability of psychotherapy for PTSD or unregulated recipe for disaster?
Authors: Waterman Lauren Z. , Cooper Maxwell
Published: October 2020

Background

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) carries a high disease burden worldwide, yet significant barriers exist to providing and accessing treatment for PTSD, particularly in refugee populations and in low- and middle-income countries. There is emerging evidence that self-administered psychological therapies, such as those accessed via online and mobile applications, are efficacious for many mental illnesses and increase access to treatment. Online and mobile applications offering self-help tools for eye movement desensitisation reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, an internationally recommended treatment for PTSD, are already widely distributed to the public.

Aims

To present a commentary evaluating the potential benefits and risks of self-administered EMDR therapy: first, by conducting a search for existing peer-reviewed evidence relating to self-administered EMDR therapy; second, by presenting existing evidence for other self-help psychotherapies and evaluating what additional insight this could provide into the potential efficacy, safety, tolerability and accessibility of self-administered EMDR therapy; and, third, by describing the conflicting views of EMDR experts on the topic.

Method

A search was conducted for articles related to internet, mobile, book or computerised self-help EMDR therapy. The following databases were searched systematically: Medline, PsycInfo, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Cochrane Database and the EMDR Library.

Results

Only one small primary research study was found relating to self-administered EMDR therapy. The results indicated significantly reduced symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, distress and disability between pre-treatment and 3 month follow-up. No serious adverse events were reported. However, substantial methodological issues were discovered.

Conclusions

There is evidence that self-administered psychotherapies, in general, can be safe, effective and highly accessible. However, controversies persist regarding the safety and potential efficacy of self-administered EMDR therapy, and more robust research is needed. It is vital that methods are found to improve worldwide access to effective PTSD treatment, particularly given the current scale of migration to flee civil unrest.
Barriers to Schooling in Survivorship: The Role of Neuropsychological Assessment
Authors: Jacobson Lisa A. , Paré-Blagoev E. Juliana , Ruble Kathy
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

Pediatric cancer survivorship rates continue to improve, although disease- and treatment-related neurocognitive impacts substantively affect survivors’ educational access and availability for learning. Receiving formal educational supports substantially improves survivors’ academic progress and graduation rates; however, parents of survivors report obtaining such support is stressful, in part due to limited knowledge on their part and that of their oncology providers.

METHODS:

Parents (N = 195) of pediatric survivors across the United States were surveyed to explore specific barriers to obtaining appropriate educational supports and the facilitating role of the oncologist.

RESULTS:

Parent-reported barriers included limited access to formal educational supports, under-referral to neuropsychology services, and need for more information about available supports and how best to advocate for these, when needed. Not only were few survivors (35.4%) referred for neuropsychological evaluation, standard of care for many pediatric survivors, but survivors were more than five times more likely to be retained in grade compared with the national retention rate. When obtained, parents reported that the neuropsychological consultation and associated report were helpful in increasing their own understanding and addressing barriers to obtaining adequate supports for their children.

CONCLUSION:

Given the important role of neuropsychological evaluation for survivors and their families, bringing referral rates more in line with national guidelines represents a critical target for oncologists. With adequate training in relevant issues, the oncologist is positioned to be a key support to survivors and their families in ensuring access to neuropsychological services and reducing barriers to an appropriate education.
Nearly Half of TP53 Germline Variants Predicted To Be Pathogenic in Patients With Osteosarcoma Are De Novo: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Diessner Brandon J. , Pankratz Nathan , Hooten Anthony J. , Mirabello Lisa , Sarver Aaron L. , Mills Lauren J. , Malkin David , Kelley Ava C. , Spector Logan G.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

To ascertain the prevalence of recurrent de novo variants among 240 pediatric patients with osteosarcoma (OS; age < 20 years) unselected for family history of cancer.

METHODS

The identification of de novo variants was implemented in 2 phases. In the first, we identified genes with a rare (minor allele frequency < 0.01) de novo variant in > 1 of the 95 case-parent trios examined by whole-exome sequencing (WES) who passed quality control measures. In phase 2, 145 additional patients with OS were evaluated by targeted sequencing to identify rare de novo variants in genes nominated from phase 1. Recurrent rare variants identified from phase 1 and 2 were verified as either de novo or inherited by Sanger sequencing of affected patients and their parents. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed using Fisher exact test and t tests, respectively.

RESULTS

Among 95 case-parent trios who underwent WES, we observed 61 de novo variants in 60 genes among 47 patients, with TP53 identified as the only gene with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) de novo variant in more than one case-parent trio. Among all 240 patients with OS, 13 (5.4%) harbored a P/LP TP53 germline variant, of which 6 (46.2%) were confirmed to be de novo.

CONCLUSION

Apart from TP53, we did not observe any other recurrent de novo P/LP variants in the case-parent trios, suggesting that new mutations in other genes are not a frequent cause of pediatric OS. That nearly half of P/LP TP53 variants in our sample were de novo suggests universal screening for germline TP53 P/LP variants among pediatric patients with OS should be considered.
Dual Asymmetric Centrifugation Efficiently Produces a Poloxamer-Based Nanoemulsion Gel for Topical Delivery of Pirfenidone
Authors: Chung Eugene P. , Wells Adrienne R. , Kiamco Mia Mae , Leung Kai P.
Published: October 2020

This study used dual asymmetric centrifugation (DAC) to produce a topical vehicle for Pirfenidone (Pf; 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2[1H]-pyridone)—a Food and Drug Administration-approved antifibrotic drug indicated for idiopathic fibrosis treatment. Pf was loaded (8 wt%) in a poloxamer nanoemulsion gel (PNG) formulation consisting of water (47.8 wt%), triacetin (27.6 wt%), poloxamer 407 (P407, 13.8 wt%), polysorbate 80 (1.8 wt%), and benzyl alcohol (0.9 wt%). To our knowledge, poloxamer gels are typically processed with either high-shear methods or temperature regulation and have not been emulsified using DAC. Using a single-step emulsification process, 2 min mixed at 2500 RPM resulted in the lowest Pf loading variability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.96% for a 1.5 g batch size. Batch sizes of 15 g and 100 g yield higher RSD of 4.18% and 3.05%, respectively, but still in compliance with USP guidelines. Ex vivo permeation in full thickness porcine skin after 24 h showed total Pf permeation of 404.90 ± 67.07 μg/cm2. Tested in vitro on human dermal fibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Pf-PNG resulted in a > 2 fold decrease in α-SMA expression over vehicle control demonstrating that formulated Pf retained its biological activity. One-month stability testing at 25°C/60% relative humidity (RH) and 40°C/75% RH showed that % drug content, release kinetics, and biological activity were largely unchanged for both conditions; however, pH decreased from 6.7 to 5.5 (25°C/60% RH) and 4.5 (40°C/75% RH) after 1 month. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of DAC to rapidly and reproducibly prepare lab-scale batches of emulsified gels for pharmaceutical formulation development.
Discrepancies in Thermodynamic Information Obtained from Calorimetry and Spectroscopy in Ligand Binding Reactions: Implications on Correct Analysis in Systems of Biological Importance
Authors: Judy Eva , Kishore Nand
Published: October 2020

Thermodynamic signatures accompanying ligand binding interactions with proteins and nucleic acids have great potential in drug discovery and help in deriving guidelines for rational drug design. Frequent discrepancies have been observed between the results obtained from routinely used fluorescence spectroscopy and direct high sensitivity isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). These discrepancies lead to incorrect data analysis even though experiments are done with extensive care. We analyze these discrepancies and discuss possible causes by taking eleven examples from literature where the data on binding processes has been obtained both by fluorescence spectroscopy and ITC. Further, a protocol has been suggested to obtain accurate thermodynamic signatures so that the information resulting from studies of biologically important ligand binding reactions is complete and leads to correct direction. Results from fluorescence quenching data on drug binding interactions have frequently been analyzed incorrectly, many times without even establishing the nature of the quenching process. This results in incorrect proposals for mechanism of binding of drugs with the target biological macromolecules. Relatively lesser problems have been observed when isothermal titration calorimetry has been employed. The analysis and suggested protocol have implications in deriving accurate thermodynamic signatures focused on rational drug design and hence in target oriented drug discovery.
Molecular Motions of Imidazole in Poly(vinylphosphonic acid)-Imidazole Composites Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Hori Yuta , Suetake Toshiya , Shigeta Yasuteru , Ida Tomonori , Mizuno Motohiro
Published: October 2020

Poly(vinylphosphonic acid)-imidazole (PVPA-xIm) exhibits high proton conductivity above 100 °C. The high proton conductivity of PVPA-2Im depends on the molecular motions of Im. Molecular dynamics simulations conducted herein showed that the intercalation of Im and imidazolium into PVPA reduces the translational motion of Im in PVPA-2Im. The activation energy of the internal motion of Im is lower than that of the translational motion, indicating that proton conduction in PVPA-2Im occurs via a Grotthuss-type mechanism.
The effect of two clinical criteria in the assessment of caries lesions around restorations in children (CARDEC-03): study protocol for a diagnostic randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moro Bruna Lorena Pereira , Signori Cácia , Freitas Raiza Dias , Pontes Laura Regina Antunes , Lenzi Tathiane Larissa , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Braga Mariana Minatel , Ekstrand Kim Rud , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio , Mendes Fausto Medeiros ,   CARDEC collaborative group,   CaCIA collaborative group
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The detection of caries lesions around restoration can be challenging. Therefore, the use of some criteria has been proposed in order to give more objectivity to the diagnosis process. Two of them are the International Dental Federation (FDI) and the Caries Associated with Restorations and Sealants (CARS) criteria. Both methods have a different approach to caries, and it is not possible to know which one of them is the best to use in clinical practice to assess restorations in children. Thus, the present protocol aims to evaluate the effect of the use of the FDI and CARS criteria in the assessment of caries lesions around restorations in primary teeth on outcomes related to oral health in children and costs resulting from the assessments.

Methods and analysis: A total of 626 restorations of children from three to 10 years were randomly assessed and are being treated following the FDI criteria (FDI group) or CARS criteria (CARS group). Participants will be followed-up after six, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome will be the need for a new intervention in the evaluated restorations. This outcome consists of several components, and each of these events will be analyzed separately as secondary outcomes. The changes in children’s oral health-related quality of life and the cost of the restoration dental treatments will also be analyzed as secondary outcomes. The methods will be compared using the Cox regression model with shared frailty. A significance level of 5% will be adopted for all statistical analyses.

Discussion: This will be the first randomized clinical study carried out regarding the detection of caries lesions around restorations in primary teeth.

Trial registration: The study underwent registration in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03520309) on 9 May 2018.
Immunotropic effects of therapeutic factors
Authors: Zemskov Vladimir , Zemskova Veronika
Published: October 2020

Data on the immunotropic effects of traditional drugs - antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic agents-are summarized. The profile properties of cytostatics, immune globulins, cytokines, vaccines, interferons and their ability to develop General organizational effects are analyzed. Data on the types, blocks, principles of immunotherapy administration, and ways to prevent complications are highlighted.
For students and teachers, as well as employees of medical universities.
Data-Driven Modeling and Optimization of the Order Consolidation Problem in E-Warehousing
Authors: Gzara Fatma , Elhedhli Samir , Yildiz Ugur , Baloch Gohram
Published: October 2020

We analyze data emanating from a major e-commerce warehouse and provided by a third-party warehouse logistics management company to replicate flow diagrams, assess order fulfillment efficiency, identify bottlenecks, and suggest improvement strategies. Without access to actual layouts and process-flow diagrams and purely based on data, we are able to describe the processes in detail and prescribe changes. By investigating the characteristics of orders, the wave-sorting operation, and the order-preparation process, we find that products from different orders are picked in batches for efficiency. Similar products are picked in small containers called totes. Totes are then stored in a buffer area and routed to be emptied of their contents at induction lines. Orders are then consolidated at the put wall, where each order is accumulated in a cubby. This order consolidation process depends on the sequence in which totes are processed and has a huge impact on order-completion time. We, therefore, present a generalization of the parallel machine–scheduling problem that we call the order consolidation problem to determine the tote-processing sequence that minimizes total order completion time. We provide mathematical formulations and devise heuristic and exact solution methods. We propose a fast simulated annealing metaheuristic and a branch-and-price approach in which the subproblems are variants of the single machine-scheduling problem and are solved using dynamic programming. We also devise a new branching rule, compare it against the literature, and test it on randomly generated and industry data. Applied to the data and the warehouse under study, optimizing the order consolidation is found to decrease the completion time of 75.66% of orders and achieve average improvements of up to 28.77% in order consolidation time and 21.92% in cubby usage.
Predicting with Proxies: Transfer Learning in High Dimension
Authors: Bastani Hamsa
Published: October 2020

Predictive analytics is increasingly used to guide decision making in many applications. However, in practice, we often have limited data on the true predictive task of interest and must instead rely on more abundant data on a closely related proxy predictive task. For example, e-commerce platforms use abundant customer click data (proxy) to make product recommendations rather than the relatively sparse customer purchase data (true outcome of interest); alternatively, hospitals often rely on medical risk scores trained on a different patient population (proxy) rather than their own patient population (true cohort of interest) to assign interventions. Yet, not accounting for the bias in the proxy can lead to suboptimal decisions. Using real data sets, we find that this bias can often be captured by a sparse function of the features. Thus, we propose a novel two-step estimator that uses techniques from high-dimensional statistics to efficiently combine a large amount of proxy data and a small amount of true data. We prove upper bounds on the error of our proposed estimator and lower bounds on several heuristics used by data scientists; in particular, our proposed estimator can achieve the same accuracy with exponentially less true data (in the number of features d). Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on e-commerce and healthcare data sets; in both cases, we achieve significantly better predictive accuracy as well as managerial insights into the nature of the bias in the proxy data.

This paper was accepted by George Shanthikumar, big data and analytics.
REDES DE INFRAESTRUTURAS E A INTEGRAÇÃO REGIONAL NA AMÉRICA DO SUL: PROJETOS, CONTRADIÇÕES E INTENCIONALIDADES
Authors: Oliveira Cruz Dayana Aparecida Marques
Published: October 2020

As redes técnicas de infraestruturas são fundamentais para compreender as novas dinâmicas territoriais e o duplo movimento de integração e desintegração, fruto das contradições da fase atual do capitalismo flexível. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o papel dos projetos de integração regional na América do Sul, elaborados no âmbito do COSIPLAN/IIRSA para a expansão das redes de infraestruturas de transportes, considerando a demanda de circulação e acumulação de capital, bem como os entraves para a execução desses projetos.
Effect of aerobic exercise on post-stroke cognitive function: a systematic review
Authors: Abba Muhammad Aliyu , Olaleye Olubukola Adebisi , Hamzat Talhatu Kolapo
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims

Literature suggests that aerobic exercise improves cognitive impairments post stroke. This systematic review was conducted to analyse evidence on the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in improving post-stroke cognitive impairments.

Methods

Online databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until 13 July 2017 using the keywords stroke/exercise/cognition. Clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Extracted data were synthesised for evidence.

Results

A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants in most of the studies were aged over 60 years and the majority had ischaemic stroke. The most commonly used measure for assessing cognition was the Mini Mental State Examination. The majority of studies included moderate to high intensity exercise (50–70% of VO2max) for 30–60 minutes three to five times per week. There is moderate evidence that aerobic exercise enhances global cognitive function, attention and working memory. Evidence that aerobic exercise improves memory, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and executive function is conflicting and limited.

Conclusions

Aerobic exercise is moderately effective in improving post-stroke cognitive impairments. More clinical trials are needed in view of the methodological limitations and paucity of existing studies.
COVID-19: emerging challenges in maintaining physical function in patients who have had haematopoietic cell transplants
Authors: Mohammed Jaleel , Gonzales Anne , Bakhsh Hadeel R , Rai Jayanti , Chigbo Nnenna , Hashmi Shahrukh K
Published: October 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes COVID-19, has now spread to many countries, has forced health care systems to minimise or even suspend access to specialist services for many patients because of social distancing policies. As a result of this, many patients are not in direct, face-to-face contact with their health care specialist. This can pose a challenge, since patients who have undergone haematopoietic cell transplant can suffer from an array of complications involving various organs in the body, such as inactivity-related deconditioning and fatigue, resulting in poor quality of life. These vulnerable patients must receive continuous and individualised rehabilitation guidance to help prevent deterioration and promote optimal functioning. This paper highlights the potential challenges for patients who have had haematopoietic cell transplant in the circumstances surrounding COVID-19 and proposes service development ideas to help reduce the negative impact on patients' quality of life.
Rational Criteria for Diagonalizability of Real Matrices
Authors: Ferreira Alves João
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this note is to obtain rational criteria for diagonalizability of real matrices through the analysis of the moment and Gram matrices associated to a given real matrix. These concepts were introduced by Horn and Lopatin in [R.A. Horn and A.K. Lopatin. The moment and Gram matrices, distinct eigenvalues and zeroes, and rational criteria for diagonalizability. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 299:153-163, 1999] for complex matrices. However, when the matrix is real, it is possible to combine their results with the Borchardt-Jacobi Theorem, in order to get new and noteworthy rational criteria.
Cantar en griego y coreografiar una oda de Píndaro
Authors: Palomar Pérez Natalia
Published: October 2020

En el marco de una asignatura de literatura griega me decidí a dar presencia al elemento musical de la lírica antigua. Para ello propuse a los estudiantes un proyecto insólito, orientado a un aprendizaje experiencial: que presentaran como intérpretes alguna composición de poesía lírica de la manera que más pudiera aproximarse a su ejecución originaria. Dos de ellos se animaron a intentarlo con la Olímpica XIV de Píndaro, contando con mi colaboración para todas las fases: la lectura comprensiva del poema, la selección de una melodía adecuada, la creación de una coreografía significativa, la localización del entorno más evocador, los ensayos y también la paulatina incorporación de los demás estudiantes en el proyecto. Todo este proceso culminó con una presentación pública en el jardín de la facultad: cantamos la oda en griego, con acompañamiento de clarinete, avanzando en procesión con otro estudiante en el papel de atleta vencedor, hasta el estanque que representaba el santuario de las Gracias. Los asistentes tuvieron libertad para entrar en la procesión y en todo caso la siguieron atentamente y aplaudieron. El acto se filmó y está cuidadosamente editado con subtítulos en UBtv.
Sintaxis griega hoy: llenando lagunas
Authors: De la Villa Polo Jesús
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo pretende ser una revisión ordenada y comentada de algunas de las principales aportaciones al estudio de la sintaxis, la semántica y la pragmática de la lengua griega antigua en el período 2005-2018. En este período la investigación ha reconsiderado temas ya discutidos desde antiguo, pero, sobre todo, se ha adentrado de forma decidida en campos apenas explorados con anterioridad, como la pragmática y la estructura del discurso.
Wildfire evidence from the Middle and Late Permian Hanxing Coalfield, North China Basin
Authors: Xiao L. , Zhao Q. , Wang J. , Mishra V. , Arbuzov S.I. , Zhang M.
Published: October 2020

Earth has a long geological history and palaeo-wildfire is one of the key factors which is responsible for the evolution and extinction of our earth systems. The most important extinction of our earth systems is the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the product of wildfire in terms of distribution and occurrences from the Late Permian North China basin. Fourteen rock samples were collected from a drill core of Hanxing Coalfield of North China basin. The samples were analyzed by macro and micro petrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to study the evidence of wildfire. Charcoal (inertinite) particles are observed in the samples, which established the occurrences of wildfire during the upper Middle and Late Permian time in North China. Additionally, high-molecular-weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in the studied samples which also reinforce the presence of palaeo–wildfire events in the North China basin in Late Permian due to the fact that these aromatic compounds were formed under high temperatures.
Non-volatile integrated photonic memory using GST phase change material on a fully etched Si3N4/SiO2 waveguide
Authors: Manolis A. , Faneca J. , Bucio T. Domínguez , Baldycheva A. , Miliou A. , Gardes F. Y. , Pleros N. , Vagionas C.
Published: October 2020

We experimentally demonstrate an integrated photonic non-volatile memory using GST phase change material on a fully etched Si3N4/SiO2-cladded waveguide for lower switching power and CMOS-compatibility, reporting interchangable switching from amorphous to crystalline state.
Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on a hollow core Bragg fiber
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhou Yan , Wang Xinyu , Chen Daru , Lian Zhenggang , Lu Chao , Tam Hwa-Yaw
Published: October 2020

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, reflective sensor fabricated by simply sandwiching a homemade hollow core Bragg fiber (HCBF) between two single-mode fibers is proposed and demonstrated for the simultaneous measurement of the temperature and the strain. Different from traditional Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) sensors that can achieve only one-parameter sensing with inevitable cross-correspondence to other parameters, the proposed sensor based on the HCBF, which functions as an FPI-inducing FPI spectrum pattern and a weak waveguide confining light-inducing periodic envelope in reflection spectrum, ensures double-parameter sensing. For the HCBF-based reflective sensor, different sensing mechanisms lead to the various sensitivity values of temperature and strain (2.98 pm/°C, 19.4 pm/°C, 2.02 pm/µ

ε

,

−

0.36

p
m

/

µ
ε

), resulting in a different shift of the confining spectrum envelope and the FPI spectrum fringe. Experimental results indicate that our proposed sensor can measure temperature and strain simultaneously by utilizing a

2
×
2

matrix. Taking advantage of the compact size, easy fabrication, and low cost, this sensor has an applicable value in harsh environment for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing.
Fundo Bibliográfico Antigo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra: séc. XV-XVIII
Authors: Pericão Maria da Graça
Published: October 2020

Dos 581 títulos que constituem o fundo bibliográfico antigo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra e que abarcam os séculos XV a XVIII, cabem ao século XV apenas cinco, constituindo, assim, os denominados incunábulos, o núcleo mais antigo. Do século XVI podem destacar-se nomes como Amato Lusitano, Aristóteles, Avicena, Guido de Chauliac, Dioscórides, Hipócrates, Galeno, Jacopo da Forli, Rasis, o “damasceno” Mesue e Pedro Julião ou Pedro Hispano. Estes são os principais manuais que contêm, na sua maior parte, comentários aos clássicos gregos da medicina, particularmente Galeno, Hipócrates e Dioscórides, pois o estudo medieval feito a partir do comentário, geralmente traduzido graficamente pelo texto original da auctoritas a ocupar o centro da página, destacado pelo corpo do tipo e rodeado pelo comentário ou glosa, ainda estava muito presente no século XVI. Em matérias tão sensíveis como a Medicina, as afirmações tinham que estar fundamentadas em qualquer dos autores reconhecidos como autoridades. Do século XVII constam algumas obras de autores portugueses como Duarte Madeira Arrais, Manuel de Azevedo, Rodrigo de Castro (segundo alguns o fundador da obstetrícia portuguesa), Rodrigo da Fonseca, Tomás Rodrigues da Veiga e Abraão Zacuto, este impresso em Lyon e Amsterdão, tal como alguns dos atrás citados, o que atesta o reconhecimento internacional dos estudos destes autores portugueses. Do século XVIII, a par com as farmacopeias, avulta um número significativo de obras de cirurgia, algumas das quais de autoria portuguesa e numerosos dicionários de matéria médica, de História da Medicina e, curiosamente, dicionários portáteis de saúde, na linha dos tratados da saúde dos povos. Autores portugueses como Jacob de Castro Sarmento, João Curvo Semedo, Feliciano de Almeida e outros, publicam as suas obras em Portugal e no estrangeiro. Intensifica-se a produção de obras de Fisiologia, Física médica e medicina conservativa e preventiva. O presente trabalho descreve minuciosamente cada um dos exemplares deste fundo, dando especial relevo à sua proveniência atestada pelas numerosas notas manuscritas, na sua grande maioria congregações religiosas, de que se destaca a Livraria do Mosteiro de Santa Cruz dos Cónegos Regrantes de Santo Agostinho com 337 exemplares e alguns antigos colégios universitários que possuíam, de facto, em número e qualidade variados, núcleos bibliográficos que apoiavam as populações religiosas e estudantis que os frequentavam.
Do tratamento à organização da informação: reflexões sobre concepções, perspectivas e tendências
Authors: Simões Maria da Graça , Lima Gercina Ângela de
Published: October 2020

Esta obra apresenta uma reflexão teórica e histórica sobre as noções clássicas de tratamento da informação e de organização da informação, com base na esfera epistemológica da organização do conhecimento. É Composta de oito capítulos que discorrem sobre (1) as variações terminológicas produzidas na Ciência e no Ensino Brasileiro e Português, (2) a discussão de aspectos teórico-conceituais da organização e representação da informação e a sua correlação com os aspectos práticos que envolvem os ambientes informacionais digitais; (3) o delineamento conceitual inerente à representação da informação feito a partir da discussão da catalogação como confluência de aspectos descritivos, temáticos, contextuais e de acesso à informação de modo que a interconexão entre eles esteja assegurada; (4) as diferentes perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas sobre a modelagem de domínios aplicados à elaboração de ferramentas de representação e recuperação de informação, no contexto das redes eletrônicas de informação e comunicação; (5) a identificação e exploração dos aspectos da variação terminológica na produção científica sobre Organização da Informação relativos aos termos Análise Documentária e Análise de Assunto; (6) as aplicações de representação de recurso informacional, os contextos e processos onde as inovações derivadas da ciência da computação, da inteligência artificial, da área de processamento de linguagem natural e de novas plataformas de bancos de dados têm transformado o contexto de produção de documentos, de sistemas de organização do conhecimento, de métodos de exploração semântica e de visualização.