bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El nuevo muralismo y su didáctica la Escuela Superior de Arte
Authors: Corado Cartagena César
Published: September 2021

El objetivo es argumentar la necesidad de formular una propuesta didáctica diferente que aborde la tradición del mural en Guatemala, que tienda no solo a su rescate e implementación como curso permanente en la Escuela Superior de Arte de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (ESA-USAC), sino también la actualización de los métodos y técnicas de enseñanza, así como de contenidos, incluyendo las nuevas tendencias y uso de tecnologías. La enseñanza en la Escuela Superior de Arte está conformada por un currículo que puede y debe ser enriquecido en beneficio de los alumnos. Una de las materias clave para hacerlo es la de Muralismo. En esta materia, se conservan procedimientos, técnicas y temas que se han quedado fuera de las innovaciones que actualmente se dan en el mundo, desde la práctica del muralismo; realizar una revisión crítica, implica necesariamente conocer en forma general, el desarrollo de esta expresión pública y entender su crecimiento a esta fecha, con técnicas innovadoras. Los beneficios que de este aporte pueden surgir, y se concretan en dos vías: una, en cuanto a una enseñanza que contribuya a la ampliación de conocimientos del alumnado y la otra, el aporte que se pueda hacer a la sociedad con un arte público novedoso y trascendente.
Modelo de gravedad económico, México – China para incrementar la competitividad de las mypes
Authors: Alarcón Flores Anwar , Domínguez Valdez Benedicta María , Gordillo Benavente Liliana de Jesús , Vega Hernández Claudia
Published: September 2021

En el presente proyecto de investigación se da a conocer un modelo económico de competitividad entre México y China con el objetivo de incrementar las exportaciones y aprovechar el comercio que se tiene entre ambas naciones, se desarrolló un modelo cuantitativo ocupando los últimos cinco Productos Internos Brutos (PIB) y la distancia entre estas naciones para aplicar un modelo de regresión lineal, en lo encontrado fue que las relaciones comerciales bilaterales pueden ayudar a crecer a las Micro y pequeñas empresas (mypes) de México ya sea exportando o importante insumos de calidad.
AbstractIn this investigative project, an economic model of competitiveness between Mexico and China is set forth. Its objective is to increase exportations and to take advantage of trade that exists among both nations; a quantitative model was developed using the last five gross domestic product indicators (GDP) and the distance between these two nations to apply a lineal regression model. Our findings show that the bilateral commercial relationship may lead to growth in micro and small enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico, whether by exporting or importing quality inputs.
Tecnología asistiva como plataforma para la educación inclusiva
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Compensar U Compensar, Molero Suárez Luis Guillermo , Cruz Romero Luigi Daryanei ,   Fundación Universitaria Compensar U Compensar
Published: September 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito analizar la tecnología asistiva como plataforma para la educación inclusiva. El estudio se ubicó en el paradigma cualitativo a través de un estudio documental, con diseño bibliográfico descriptivo. Para lograr el propósito de la investigación, las categorías analizadas fueron: tecnologías asistivas, génesis de la inclusión y educación inclusiva para construir un análisis sobre la base de las teorías planteadas por WHO (2020); UNESCO 92004); Carpio (2012); Molero et al., (2020); Cook y Miller (2008); Borge et al., (2009), entre otros. Dentro de los hallazgos, se presentaron una serie de investigaciones de corte científico-tecnológicas aplicadas sobre las tecnologías asistivas en el escenario educativo, que abonaron los terrenos de inclusión en esta importante palestra. A modo de conclusión, el perfeccionamiento de esta tendencia tecnológica que refiere la implementación de novedosas estrategias inclusivas en la educación, ha traído consigo que cada día el estudiante con diversas minusvalías se incorpore a las diferentes facetas sociales desde la escuela, logrando así, una participación eficaz y en armonía con los nuevos retos globales.
Aplicación 3D con Kinect para el entrenamiento en terapias de hombro congelado
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Compensar U Compensar, Molero Suárez Luis Guillermo , Gómez García Lennis Duvan ,   Fundación Universitaria Compensar U Compensar
Published: September 2021

El conocimiento capitalizado sobre entrenamiento y rehabilitación por décadas ha encontrado en la Instrucción Asistida por Computadora (CAI) espacios para recrear procesos fisioterapéuticos a través de métodos no convencionales, alcanzando así óptimos resultados. Un agente innovador de esta evolución es la gamificación, que reúne elementos multimedia y accesorios como el Microsoft Kinect en sistemas intuitivos que aumentan el estímulo del usuario. Ante estas evidencias, la investigación tuvo como propósito desarrollar una aplicación 3D con Kinect para entrenamiento de estudiantes de fisiatría en terapias de hombro congelado. De acuerdo al estudio, la investigación fue de tipo aplicada, transversal y diseño no experimental. Para obtener lo antes expuesto, se analizaron las categorías Gamificación y Kinect y Rehabilitación y Hombro Congelado. El método utilizado fue el Agil State-Gate de Cooper, (2016) en sus primeras cuatro fases: Idea, Caso de negocio, Desarrollo y Prueba. Finalmente, como resultado luego de aplicar la prueba de usabilidad SUS (Brooke, 1996) en la versión Beta, se logró un coeficiente de 93, valor que muestra una experiencia de usuario positiva, concluyendo, la importancia de seguir convocando esfuerzos en el despliegue de estas soluciones en pro de la calidad de vida y la salud.
Kinship and emergence of political leaders in Pakhtun society: A comparison of ANP and JUI-F in electoral politics in Charsadda, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Mubasher , Taieb Mohammad
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to describe kinship system and its relationship with the emergence of political leaders in district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This study elaborates the role of kinship in the emergence of leaders at micro levels i.e., Village Council, Union Council, Tehsil Council and District Council. The study analyses the impact of kinship in the electoral politics of Awami National Party (ANP) and Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F). The ANP leaders and followers are mostly the local inhabitants of Charsadda having large number of kin members. While on the other hand, the JUI-F leaders and followers are mostly immigrants of the other districts of KP having limited number of kin members in tehsil Charsadda. However, at micro level both the parties’ leaders and their family members attempt to make fusion against the distant relatives in order to win the election. This paper describes that how the number of kin members directly affects the victory and defeat of ANP and JUI-F? This study argues that kinship and neighbourhood have significant impact in the emergence of leaders at micro level. Qualitative research method was used and the tools for data collection were participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.
Iran and Saudi Arabia’s Strategic Rivalry and the Middle Eastern Security: An Assessment
Authors: Gul Azeem , Abbasi Rizwana Karim , Haider Syed Arslan
Published: September 2021

The strategic rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran has been worsened for the last two decades. This historical sectarian divisions led by Saudi Arabia and Iran has now morphed into a struggle for regional influence between Shia political power led by Iran and Sunni political power led by Saudi Arabia. Against this backdrop, the study examines the contours of the Middle Eastern security in the context of Saudi and Iran strategic rivalry in various conflicts such as crisis in Syria, Yemen, and situation in Iraq including proxy wars and Iran’s nuclear program. The study finds out that the security situation of the Middle East would have been much better if Saudi and Iran would have cooperated on various issues such as Yemen and Syrian crisis. In addition, the internal vulnerabilities of the Middle East with Iran and Saudi strategic antagonism provided opportunities to the external power intervention that further has intensified the conflicts in the region. The study concludes that the solution of the Middle Eastern problem would lie in building cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia relations and in this respect the current rapprochement between the two states is a positive development for Middle Eastern security.
Mutual Comparison Studies of Mono and Di Cations in Binary and Ternary Aqueous Electrolytes Solution at 298.15 K
Authors: Akhtar Yasmin
Published: September 2021

Densities and viscosities of binary and ternary electrolytes solution have been determined experimentally at 298.15 K.  The results obtained from density and viscosity measurement have been used to calculate apparent molar volume φv partial molar volume φov at infinite dilution, relative viscosities hrel, A and B coefficients, and free energies of activation of viscous flow of solvent Δ µ10# and solute Δ µ20. The results are discussed in terms of the dehydration effect of the weak ion-ion and strong ion-solvent interactions. The properties of these systems are discussed in terms of the charge, size, and hydrogen bonding effect.
Congenital segmental dilatation of intestine with different morphology: A case report
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Bilal , Maham Sumaira Noor , Talat Nabila
Published: September 2021

Background: Congenital segmental dilatation of intestine is a rare entity characterized by a localized dilated segment of the intestine. It manifests as neonatal intestinal obstruction. Occurrence with another surgical anomaly may masquerade it and complicate the treatment course.
Case Presentation: A 1-day-old male neonate with anorectal malformation underwent colostomy as first stage of the treatment. The stoma did not function postoperatively. At repeat surgery, congenital segmental dilatation of the ileum, with slightly different morphology, was found. Resection of the lesion and ileostomy were formed. Postoperative course remained uneventful.
Conclusion: Congenital segmental dilatation of intestine may be missed at initial surgery. Complete surgical resection is curative.
Modeling of A LDR Based Liquid Level Detecting Device Using Power Function
Authors: Salawu R.I. , Adetona S.O.
Published: September 2021

All vehicles require liquid to move from one point to the other; and it is necessary for the driver of the vehicle to ascertain the volume (level) of the liquid in the tank before setting out on a journey, hence the need to know the level of the liquid in the tank. This paper therefore presents modeling and simulation of a sensory device, which evaluates the volume VLQD of any type of liquid in any type of a closed container that has a cross-sectional area A (m2) and height h (m). The main attraction of the approach is that it does not get in touch with the liquid, its simplicity and lower cost. The aim is achieved by using a sensor, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR); which operates on a principle which states that the voltage ELUX in Volts across a LDR is a function of luminance it receives from a light source, Light Emitting Diode (LED). This principle and a power function developed using experimental data were used to model VLQD; which reveals that VLQD in litres is a function of ELUX in Volts. The model of VLQD was simulated for the sake of validation in the Proteus 8.9 professional environment. The results obtained revealed that the proposed model correctly indicated the VLQD in litres in a closed container that its A (m2) and h (m) are known and specified in the model.
Optimal Location of IPFC That Handles Operating Constraints for Reducing Transmission Lines Utilization Levels in Electric Power Grid
Authors: Adetona S , Iyayi M , Salawu R
Published: September 2021

The day-to-day increase in electric energy demand with increasing population and urbanization is causing transmission facilities to transfer load at their upper limits; therefore, the probability of failures of these facilities increases. One of the ways of mitigating failures is by constructing more transmission lines; which would serve as alternatives to reduce the transmission line utilization levels (TLUL). However, there are constraints in adopting this method; therefore, the use of Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) has been suggested by many researchers; but very few of these studies proposed the IPFC that has capability of handling operating constraints (IPFCthC) in solving power transmission systems issues. Some of the studies that proposed the IPFCthC use trial and error approach in identifying the optimal location for its injection in multi-buses power grid. Also, some of the studies that proposed the IPFCthC do not employ it to investigate its capability in reducing TLUL. In order to reduce the TSUL in the multi-bus grid, this paper therefore proposes optimal location for the injection of IPFCthC using Transmission Line Performance Index (TLPI) and Transmission Line Reactive Power Loss (TLRPL) in Newton-Raphson Load Flow (NRLF) algorithm. The proposed algorithm was tested on IEEE-30 Test-bed in Matlab environment. The results obtained reveal that the TLUL of each of the transmission lines of the Test-bed that is not connected to PV bus is reduced averagely by 4.00 % each, with the injection of the IPFCthC in an optimally location established by the proposed algorithm.
Emission Pattern of Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Blends of Tropical Almond Seed Oil-Based Biodiesel using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Fasogbon S.K. , Jagunmolu N.B. , Adeyera A.O. , Ogunsola A.D. , Laosebikan O.O.
Published: September 2021

Engine pollutants have been a significant source of concern in most countries around the world because they are one of the major contributors to air pollution, which causes cancer, lung disorders, and other severe illnesses. The need to reduce emissions and its consequences has prompted studies into the emission profile of internal combustion engines running on particular fuels. To this end, this study employed the power of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to investigate the impact of injection timing on the emission profile of Compression Ignition Engines fuelled with blends of Tropical Almond Seed Oil based-biodiesel; by conducting a series of experimental tests on the engine rig and using the results to train the ANNs; to predict the emission profile to full scale. Blend percentages, load percentages, and injection timings were used as input variables, and engine emission parameters were used as output variables, to train the network. The results showed that injection timing affect emission output of CI engines fuelled with Tropical Almond Oil based biodiesel; and for the emission pattern to be friendly, injection timing must rather be retarded and not advanced. The results also showed that for different engine emission parameters, there is a strong association between the ANN output results and the actual experimental values; with mean relative error values less than 10%, which fall within the acceptable limits. For emission of CI engines fuelled with Tropical Almond Oil based biodiesel to be friendly in pattern, injection timing must be relatively retarded. The study also concluded that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a reliable tool for predicting Compression Ignition Engines emission profiles.
Can contactless volunteer activities be an alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Won Doyeon , Chun Yoonha , Kim Minsuh Savina , Kim Ian Song , Cheun Amber Hyunjin , Lee Alice Hyoeun , Choi Sean Youngjae
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide a viable alternative for volunteer services which became inactive due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, cases of contactless volunteer work involving children using the M Social Welfare Center located in the city of Paju in Gyeonggi-do Province were studied using reputational case selection. The aforementioned children are children whose parents have hearing disabilities (CODAs: child of deaf adults). In all of the examined cases, six sessions of online volunteer work have been carried out with these children. In-depth interviews were conducted with four participants, two non-participants, two of the twelve youth volunteers, and one social worker. The results of the study were as follows: firstly, there are several advantages to online volunteer work such as providing an alternative to the conventional volunteering method during the COVID-19 pandemic, no restrictions of location or place, recipients having their own private space, and the volunteers and recipients being able to open up to each other and being able to grow together through this process. Secondly, issues to be noted during the process are the characteristics of the recipients, the role of social workers, the education of volunteers and the attitude of the volunteers. Finally, aspects that need to be improved are the recognition of online volunteer hours and paralleling online volunteer work with other volunteer methods when the COVID-19 situation improves in the future. Through these findings, this study suggested practical and policy implications.
LA CUESTIÓN PRIORITARIA DE CONSTITUCIONALIDAD: ¿EL FIN DE LA EXCEPCIÓN FRANCESA
Authors: ALCOBERRO LLIVINA CARINA
Published: September 2021

En el estudio se hace un primer balance de la introducción de la
cuestión prioritaria de constitucionalidad en el sistema francés. Se analiza el mecanismo
de control, sus requisitos y su impacto sobre la relación entre jurisdicción
ordinaria y jurisdicción constitucional. Esta reforma ha sido el trasfondo de
los enfrentamientos entre Conseil Constitutionnel y Cour de Cassation a raíz del
planteamiento de la cuestión prejudicial en el asunto Melki. A partir del estudio de
la reforma constitucional y de las circunstancias del citado caso se proponen mecanismos
que compatibilicen las potestades de los altos Tribunales franceses en el
marco de los retos del Tratado de Lisboa.

Azterlan honek sistema frantsesean konstituzionaltasunaren
lehentasunezko gaia sartzearen lehen balorazioa egiten du. Kontrol mekanismoak
eta beren eskakizunak aztertzen ditu, bai eta jurisdikzio arruntaren eta konstituzionalaren
arteko harremanean duen eragina ere. Erreforma hau egon da Frantziako
Kontseilu Konstituzionalaren eta Kasazio Auzitegiaren arteko liskarren atzean,
Melki auzian epaiketa aurreko auziaren planteamenduak eraginik. Konstituzioaren
erreformaren eta aipatutako kasuaren inguruabarren azterketa abiapuntu hartuta,
Frantziako goi-auzitegien eskumenak bateragarri egiteko mekanismoak proposatzen
dira, Lisboako Tratatuaren erronken esparruan.

This study seeks to draw a first balance of the priority preliminary
ruling on the issue of constitutionality in the French legal order. It analyzes the
control mechanism, its requirements and its impact on the interrelations between
ordinary courts and the constitutional court. The priority preliminary ruling on the
issue of constitutionality has led to the conflict between the Conseil constitutionnel
and the Cour de Cassation due to the preliminary reference in the Melki case.
By analyzing the constitutional reform as well as the circumstances of the above
said case, this study aims to propose mechanism that might reconcile France's supreme
courts in the framework of the Lisbon Treaty.
DE LA DELIMITACIÓN DE LAS DEMARCACIONES HIDROGRÁFICAS: ERRORES Y CONTRADICCCIONES
Authors: GALLEGO CÓRCOLES MARÍA ISABEL
Published: September 2021

La transposición de la Directiva Marco de Aguas a Derecho español
se está realizando con notable retraso. Y en este punto, resulta sorprendente que
siendo el principio de gestión por cuencas tradicional en Derecho español, ya la mera
delimitación de los ámbitos de planificación esté suponiendo graves dificultades.
En realidad, tras estas dificultades lo que se esconde una acumulación de contradicciones
internas en el reparto de poder entre el Estado y Comunidades Autónomas
en el ámbito de la gestión hidrológica. Ante la incapacidad de aplicar de forma coherente
el Texto Refundido de la Ley de Aguas, están surgiendo una serie de soluciones
heterogéneas, algunas de las cuales de difícil encaje constitucional, que entorpecen
una gestión sostenible del recurso tanto social como ambientalmente.

Espainiako Zuzenbidea Uraren Zuzentarau Markora egokitzeko
prozesua asko ari da atzeratzen. Espainiako Zuzenbidean arroen araberako kudeaketa-
irizpideak badu tradiziorik; hori horrela izanik, harrigarria dirudi plangintza-
eremuak mugatzeak horrelako zailtasun larriak ematea.
Zailtasun horien atzean, ordea, Estatuaren eta autonomia erkidegoen arteko botere-
banaketaren arteko barne-kontraesanak daude, uraren kudeaketari dagokionez.
Uren Legearen Testu Bategina koherentziaz aplikatu ezin denez, zenbait konponbide
heterogeneo ari dira sortzen; horietako batzuek, ordea, nekez izango dute tokirik
Konstituzioan, uraren kudeaketa jasangarriari traba egiten baitiote, bai ingurumenaren
aldetik, bai gizartearen ikuspegia aintzat hartuta.

Spain has not complied with the timetable established in the Water
Framework Directive. Difficulties have started with the establishment of river basin
districts. And this is surprising, because, according to the Spanish model, water
management must be done in the natural framework of river basins.
Furthermore, in fact, these difficulties what is left is an accumulation of internal
contradictions in the distribution of power between the State and Autonomous Regions
in the field of water management. Given the inability to consistently apply the
Water Law, heterogeneous solutions are emerging, some of which doubtfully constitutional,
that hinder the sustainable resource management both socially and environmentally.
IMAGE PROCESSING BASED SMART SERICULTURE SYSTEM USING IOT
Authors: H S Deepthi , Sastry Anitha S
Published: September 2021

Rearing of silkworm is highly dependent on environmental variations. To have a healthy cocoon production, it is necessary to have a proper temperature and humidity controlled house for silkworm rearing. Temperature, humidity and fresh air should be managed to get a wonderful silk product. An ideal temperature of 23°C to 28°C and humidity in between 65% to 85% is to be maintained. IoT based silkworm rearing house consists of sensors and actuators, which are interfaced with a low power controllers. The Sericulture unit can be equipped with a wireless sensor node to sense the real time Temperature and Humidity [1], also necessary actuators to control these environmental parameters. The color change in the body of the worms indicates the different stages and the light yellowish indicates that they have reached to the cocoon stage and the morphological changes in silkworm structure can be used to detect abnormal worms[2].The proposed framework introduces an Internet of Things (IoT) empowered Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system. The received image is first segregated into two classes as diseased or healthy by analyzing the histogram of the background removed image based on thresholding. Again the diseased class will be sub classified into 2 diseases as either Flacherie or Pebrine by applying suitable mask for extracting worm and obtaining the histogram of the worm and analyzing it. The result will be sent to the farmer via E-mail. The proposed system could be a probable solution for productivity in silkworms.
IMPACT OF BIJU KRUSHAK KALYAN YOJANA (BKKY) IN ANGUL DISTRICT OF ODISHA
Authors: Mishra Smit Smarak , Bose Dipak Kumar , Jahanara Jahanara
Published: September 2021

Villages and its farmers are the base of Odisha. But, when farmers suffer from ailments, they have to pay heavy economic, social and emotional price. Financial hazard and health related expenses led the farmer to suffer in poverty. Whereas, Biju Krushak Kalyan Yojana (BKKY) brought as a solution to farmers for their health security. The study was conducted in Angul district of Odisha under ex-post facto research design. 120 respondents from 10 villages of Angul block in Angul district of Odisha was selected for the study. Primary data were collected from the respondents with the help of pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule through personal interview. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and the identified that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, earns medium level of annual income, with medium level of mass media exposure and extension contact. Further added that, respondents reported positive impact on BKKY and socio-economic characteristics like education, income, mass media exposure and extension contact has positive and significant association with the impact of BKKY among the farmers. It was suggested to create awareness among farmers on benefits of BKKY, providing quality health consultations, proper knowledge at timely manner.
ڕۆلێ كوردا د ئاڤاكرنا دام وده‌زگه‌هێت خێرخازى و زانستیدا ل وه‌لاتێ حیجازێ د چه‌رخێن (6-9مش/12-15ز)
Authors: Kh. Hamid Zemar , H. Abosh Farhad
Published: September 2021

د ڤێ ڤه‌كه‌لینێدا به‌حسێ ڕۆلێ كوردا د ئاڤاكرنا دام وده‌زگه‌هێت خێرخازى و زانستیدا ل وه‌لاتێ حیجازێ د چه‌رخێن(6-9مش/12-15ز) ڕۆلێ وان یى گرنگ د چالاكرنا بزاڤا ئاڤاكرنیدا بده‌ینه‌ دیاركرن .

ئه‌ف ڤه‌كولینه‌ ژ دوو پشكا پێك دهێت ، پشكا ئیكێ گریداى ڕۆلێ ده‌ستهه‌لاتدارێت كورد ژ سولتان و میر و شاها د ئاڤاكرنا دام و ده‌زگه‌هێت خێرخازى و زانستیدا دڤى ماوه‌یدا هژمره‌كا هه‌را زورا ده‌ستهه‌لادارێت كورد ل جیهانا ئیسلامى ا زور كاریت ئاڤاكرنى ل حیجازێ كرین و ب تایبه‌ت ل حه‌ره‌مێن پیروز. پشكا دووێ، تایبه‌ته‌ ب ڕۆلێ كه‌سانێت نورمال كورد وه‌كو خودان پوست و پله‌ێت بلند ژ مینا وه‌زیر و دادوه‌ر و بازرگان و ئاكنجیت كورد ل حیجازێ د ئاڤاكرنا دام و ده‌زگه‌هێت خیرخازى و زانستیدا .

د ڤه‌كولیندا ئه‌م شیان بگه‌هین چه‌ندین ئه‌نجاما ژ گرنگترین وان: ده‌ستهه‌لاتدارێن ئه‌یوبی ژ سولتان و میرو شاها رۆله‌كى مه‌زن دبینن د ئاڤاكرن و نیژه‌نكرنا مزگه‌فت و قوتابخانا و ریباتا و كولان و پاقژ كرنا بیر و كانیت ئاڤێ و چێكرنا جهێن بهێن ڤه‌دانى وه‌كو خانا ل سه‌ر رێكێت حه‌جاجا زێده‌بارى چاككرنا رێكیت حه‌جاجا.
Hiv Testing in Secondary Care: A Multicentre Longitudinal Mixed Methods Electronic Survey of Non-Hiv Specialist Hospital Physicians in South-East Scotland and Northern England
Authors: Bulteel Naomi , Henderson Naomi , Parris Victoria , Capstick Richard , Premchand Nikhil , Hunter Ewan , Perry Meghan
Published: September 2021

Background Increasing the uptake of HIV testing in people who may have undiagnosed HIV is essential to reduce the morbidity associated with late HIV diagnosis.

Methods We conducted a multicentre, longitudinal, mixed-methods study, surveying the attitudes, knowledge and practice of non-HIV specialist hospital physicians in South-East Scotland and North-East England with respect to HIV testing.

Results We found that although awareness of indications for HIV testing had improved over time, only 13% of clinicians recognised all of the surveyed HIV indicator conditions. Physicians were better at recognising the indicator conditions relevant to their specialty. The perception of working with a low-risk patient population was the most frequently cited barrier to offering an HIV test. Only a third of study respondents had requested more than 10 HIV tests in the preceding year.

Conclusions Our study supports a need for targeted and sustained educational initiatives to increase rates of HIV testing in secondary care.
My Cheek Puff Sign: Bell'S Palsy, Charles Bell and Dr Robert Knox
Authors: Slater Stefan
Published: September 2021

Bell's palsy fully recovers in the great majority of cases. What may not be sufficiently appreciated is how distressing it can be. This Perspective recounts a personal experience; describes an unrecorded puzzling physical sign; and details the interest the experience generated in Charles Bell and in the infamous Robert Knox, whose paths crossed. Both deserve to be better known than just for a palsy or a murder-for-bodies scandal. Bell made a seminal contribution to neurophysiology, regarded by some as important as Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood. He was also a very accomplished artist, his paintings of wounded soldiers in the Napoleonic Wars among the best-ever artistic depictions of the mutilations of war. Knox published seven books and over 100 scientific papers and is a more multidimensional and interesting character than popularly portrayed.
Thyroiditis: Unusual Mimics
Authors: Shirali Arun , Shirali Priyanka Arun , Shenoy Santhoor Vijendra , Kamath Mulki Pandurang
Published: September 2021

Thyroiditis can be due to infection/autoimmunity with different clinical presentations. Correctly diagnosing and initiating treatment is a challenge to the treating physician. We present two cases of thyroiditis, who approached the physician for different complaints. The first was a female with a change in voice, foreign body sensation in throat, laryngoscopy showing left vocal cord paralysis, reduced thyroid stimulating hormone. An ultrasound neck was suggestive of thyroiditis, and a contrast enhanced computed tomography scan showed a bulky thyroid with enlarged cervical lymphadenopathy. The second patient was a female with high-grade fever, chills and the inability to take fluids-food. Assessment revealed bilateral enlarged, inflamed tonsils-membranous exudate, tender jugulo-digastric lymphadenopathy and a Technetium-99 thyroid scan suggestive of thyroiditis. Patients were admitted, treated with steroids, antipyretics, antibiotics, cured and discharged. At the three-month follow-up, they were asymptomatic, video laryngoscopy showed normal vocal cords with equal mobility in the first patient and the thyroid profile within normal range for both patients. These cases highlight that thyroiditis can co-exist with benign vocal cord palsy or occasionally also with inflammations of local tissues, such as the tonsils.
A Family of Three with Haemoglobin Cheverly: Low Oxygen Saturation in Stable Patients
Authors: Chow Lai Chee , Puah Soo Huan , Tiong Xun Ting , Aloysious Nisha Sabrina , Leong Tze Shin , Chew Lee Ping
Published: September 2021

Haemoglobin (Hb) Cheverly is a rare, low oxygen affinity haemoglobinopathy. It is a result of point mutation at the 45 codon of the beta globin genes that leads to substitution of phenylalanine by serine. It is characterised by spuriously low peripheral oxygen saturation with normal arterial oxygen saturation. We describe a family of three with Hb Cheverly in Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia. It was discovered through incidental finding during hospital admission for unrelated complaints. Laboratory testing revealed abnormal haemoglobin detected at the C window of the high performance liquid chromatography. Subsequent DNA analysis detected replacement of thymidine by cytosine at the beta globin genes. Hb Cheverly may or may not have clinical significance as most of the patients live a normal life; however, it is crucial for us to make early diagnosis to prevent unnecessary extensive investigations for hypoxaemia detected via pulse oximetry, especially in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic.
Corneal Ulcer in Reactive Arthritis
Authors: Behera Geeta , Madhuri Challa , Panicker Gayathri Jayakumar , Thabah Molly Mary
Published: September 2021

A 20-year-old male presented with acute lower limb oligoarthritis and enthesitis followed by acute onset redness, watering, pain and decreased vision in the right eye. He had recent history of diarrhoea with fever. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were raised and human leukocyte antigen-B27 was positive. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the right eye was 20/120 and it showed a paracentral shallow corneal ulcer of size 3 x 4 mm with underlying dense stromal infiltrates and haze. Microbiological evaluation of corneal scrapings was reported as Staphylococcus hominis. The epithelium healed on topical antibiotics in one week, but there were persistent punctate erosions and pleomorphic anterior stromal infiltrates and haze. The residual keratitis healed completely on topical steroids in ten days, with BCVA improving to 20/20. A diagnosis of reactive arthritis with immune-mediated keratitis was made.
“Please See this Man with a 69-Year History of Hypoglycaemia”
Authors: Gifford Robert M , Foteinopoulou Evgenia , Strachan Mark WJ
Published: September 2021

Mutations in the HNF4A gene are associated with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infants, frequently evolving into relative deficiency of insulin in adulthood as maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). A 69-year-old male with a strong family history of adult-onset diabetes was referred with lifelong hypoglycaemia, found to be due to a pathogenic HNF4A mutation. HbA1c levels were low, continuous glucose monitoring demonstrated frequent low glucose events in the early morning, and he was successfully treated with diazoxide. This case represents a new phenotype of a known mutation associated more commonly with MODY. The same mutation in one family led to profoundly different manifestations. Genetic causes of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia can present late in life and identifying such cases is important to allow the correct treatment to be established.
Connecting and Connectivity: Providing Video Consulting in Care Homes in Wales
Authors: Johns Gemma , Khalil Sara , Williams Jess , Lees Morgan , Hockey Lynne , Ogonovsky Mike , Ahuja Alka
Published: September 2021

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, care home residents and staff were identified as being at risk of infection. Their safety was important, but equally important was safe delivery of healthcare to those who needed it. The Welsh Government provided care homes with video consulting (VC) to deliver safe healthcare to the vulnerable, combat isolation and protect the residents and staff.

Methods To understand the use, value, benefits and challenges of using VC in care homes across Wales, telephone interviews were conducted between September and November 2020.

Results From 101 interviews, findings suggest that while care homes are responsive to VC, there is a need for further awareness, better training and support for care home staff.

Conclusions Interestingly, issues around connectivity, lack of equipment and technical literacy were highlighted as minimal barriers. VC should be encouraged as a long-term service to support the health and wellbeing of care home staff and residents.
Reactive Arthritis: A Clinical Review
Authors: Jubber Ameen , Moorthy Arumugam
Published: September 2021

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a form of inflammatory arthritis triggered by a remote antecedent infection, usually in the genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract. It is part of the spondyloarthropathy (SpA) spectrum, an umbrella term for a group of distinct conditions with shared clinical features. Typically, it presents with an asymmetric oligoarthritis of the lower limb joints, and patients may also have sacroiliitis, enthesitis and dactylitis. Other features often seen include anterior uveitis, urethritis and skin manifestations such as pustular lesions on the plantar areas. Although ReA was characterised initially as a sterile arthritis, the detection of metabolically active Chlamydia species in the joint fluid of some affected patients has generated further questions on the pathophysiology of this condition. There are no formal diagnostic criteria, and the diagnosis is mainly clinical. HLA-B27 can support the diagnosis in the correct clinical context, and serves as a prognostic indicator. The majority of patients have a self-limiting course, but some develop chronic SpA and require immunomodulatory therapy.
“A Bruised Reed Shall He Not Break”: John Miles'S Portraits of Patients at the Royal Edinburgh Asylum. Part 1
Authors: Beveridge Allan , Cunynghame Daisy
Published: September 2021

This is the first of two papers which examine a series of portraits of patients at the Royal Edinburgh Asylum (REA) which were undertaken in the 1880s by John Miles, who, as well as being a professional painter, was also an inmate of the Morningside institution. The portraits by John Miles are of interest for several reasons. They are an example of patient art, only a small portion of which has survived from nineteenth century asylums. They are also in the tradition of patient portraiture. Miles's work is of interest because he was both a professional artist and a patient. His portraits also provide some insight into the patients’ world: their appearance, demeanour, posture, clothing and their surroundings in the asylum. The patients in the portraits have been identified and their case notes examined. This information complements Miles's portraits and helps to build up a fuller picture of individual patients and their life in the Morningside Asylum. The case notes also reveal the symptomatology and behaviour of the patients. Alongside the portraits by Miles, we discuss a second series of portraits of the same patients and contained in a collection entitled ‘Bruised Reeds'. We discuss if these portraits were also by Miles.
Penerapan Maqashid Asy-Syari‘Ah Pada Sistem Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Syamsoni Ujang Ruhyat , Ismail M. Syukri
Published: September 2021

Maqāshid asy-syari‘ah merupakan merupakan faktor yang paling menentukan dalam melahirkan produk-produk ekonomi syari’ah yang dapat berperan ganda (alat sosial-kontrol dan rekayasa socio-economy) untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan manusia, tetapi juga lebih dari itu, Maqāshid asy-syari‘ah dapat memberikan dimensi filosofis rasional terhadap produk-produk hokum ekonomi Islam yang dilahirkan dalam aktifitas ijtihad ekonomi syari’ah kontemporer. Maqāshid asy-syari‘ah akan memberikan pola pemikiran yang rasional dan substansial dalam memandang akad-akad dan produk-produk perbankan syari’ah. Hanya dengan Maqāshid asy-syari‘ah-lah produk perbankan dan keuangan syari’ah dapat berkembang dengan baik dan dapat merespon kemajuan bisnis yang terus berubah dengan cepat. Tanpa Maqāshid asy-syari‘ah, maka semua pemahaman mengenai ekonomi syari’ah, keuangan, dan perbankan syari’ah akan sempit dan kaku. Jiwa Maqāshid asy-syari‘ah akan mewujudkan fikih mu’amalah yang elastis, flesibel, lincah dan senantiasa bisa sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman (shalihun fi kullī zamān wa makān). Penerapan Maqāshid asy-syari‘ah akan membuat bank syari’ah dan LKS semakin cepat berkembang dan kreatif menciptakan produk-produk baru, sehingga tidak kalah dengan produk-produk bank konvensional.
Análisis estadístico de los niveles de producción en las MIPYMES ecuatorianas durante la COVID-19
Authors: Bravo Cedeño Martha Cecilia , Muñoz Salgado Rita Jaritza , Loor Zambrano Halder Yandry
Published: September 2021

El sector de las MIPYMES se encuentra gravemente afectado en la actualidad a causa de la crisis social y económica que atraviesa el mundo entero por la pandemia de la COVID-19. A raíz de la oficialización de la enfermedad como pandemia, el mundo entero comienza a cerrar sus puertas y a confinarse como medida sanitaria para combatir la enfermedad, trayendo consigo la paralización de las actividades productivas en la economía mundial. Este trabajo tiene por finalidad establecer el análisis estadístico de los niveles de producción de las MIPYMES ecuatorianas durante la COVID-19. Se pudo constatar que las MIPYMES son la fuente de movimiento de la economía de Ecuador y con la paralización de las actividades productivas debido a la pandemia estuvieron alrededor de un 70% activas, muchas se vieron en la necesidad de buscar respuesta a esta nueva situación para abordar la serie de desafíos económicos planteados por la crisis con nuevos planes estratégicos que les permitieran continuar en el mercado. El Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INEC) pudo informar los niveles de producción de distintos sectores económicos, observándose las incidencias mensuales y anuales en cada área y la repercusión a nivel económico que traería consigo sólo hasta septiembre del 2020 cuando se agudizó la crisis humanitaria en el país producto del coronavirus.
ÖRGÜTSEL ÇATIŞMA, ÖRGÜTSEL STRES, İŞ YAŞAM KALİTESİ, İŞ TATMİNİ ve İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ VERİMLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: SEYHAN Fırat , SİVUK Derya
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Örgütsel çatışma, örgütsel stres, iş tatmini ve iş yaşam kalitesi sağlık çalışanlarının verimliliğini etkileyen önemli faktörler arasındadır ve çalışanlarda işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde etkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarının yaşadığı örgütsel çatışma, örgütsel stres, iş yaşam kalitesi, iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Yöntem: Çalışma, bir kamu hastanesi olan Gülhane Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi çalışanlarından kota örneklem metodu ile belirlenmiş 325 sağlık çalışanına uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: İş yaşam kalitesi ile iş tatmini, örgütsel çatışma ile örgütsel stres; örgütsel çatışma ile işten ayrılma niyeti, örgütsel stres ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir. İş tatmini ile örgütsel çatışma; iş tatmini ile örgütsel stres, örgütsel çatışma ile iş yaşam kalitesi; örgütsel stres ile iş yaşam kalitesi, iş tatmini ile işten ayrılma niyeti; iş yaşam kalitesi ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında negatif yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Literatürde, örgütsel çatışma, örgütsel stres, iş yaşam kalitesi, iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti boyutları arasındaki ilişkiler özelinde inceleyen çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır.
Universalization of Elementary Education: Challenges, Issues and Efforts
Authors: Dar Parvaiz Ahmad
Published: September 2021

The Indian education system is perhaps the largest system in the world catering the need of millions of students of different socio-economic background. Education is globally acknowledged as the most powerful means of empowerment. Education is utmost important for every child irrespective of its gender. It is disheartening that, even in current modern scenario, some people are still against the education of the girl children. Every child has the right to receive elementary education however, Due to many factors girls are forced to leave school while others never have been provided an opportunity to enroll in schools. Among children not attending schools there are more girls than boys and among illiterate adults, there are more women than women. Many girls continue to dropout that adversely affects the efficiency of the education system and respective progressive expectations. The unfinished task in terms of un-enrolled and out-of-school girl child is the manor challenge. Rigorous and continuous efforts are required to bring and retain girl children under the purview of education system. The community and government schemes in this direction, can jointly play a vital role in bringing and retaining girl children to schools for primary and secondary education. To understand the problems and challenges faced by girls at elementary education level the author conducted a study in education zone Magam. The zone progressed significantly but still it has many areas of concern that are primarily responsible for un-fulfilment of the goals of universal literacy. There are number of problems which become hindrance in the way of education of girls but whatever the reason is if significant efforts were taken this problem can be then tackled easily. So, the authors hope that this study can help us to illuminate some of the complexities around education of the girls at elementary level and bring new insight to policy makers and educational practitioners.
Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes during acetate consumption by methanogenic and sulfidogenic microbial communities in rice paddy soils and lake sediments
Authors: Conrad Ralf , Liu Pengfei , Claus Peter
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Acetate is an important intermediate during the degradation of organic matter in anoxic flooded soils and sediments. Acetate is disproportionated to CH4 and CO2 by methanogenic or is oxidized to CO2 by sulfate-reducing microorganisms. These reactions result in carbon isotope fractionation, depending on the microbial species and their particular carbon metabolism. To learn more about the magnitude of the isotopic enrichment factors (ε) involved, acetate conversion to CH4 and CO2 was measured in anoxic paddy soils from Vercelli (Italy) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI, the Philippines) and in anoxic lake sediments from the north east (NE) and the south west (SW) basins of Fuchskuhle (Germany). Acetate consumption was measured using samples of paddy soil or lake sediment suspended in water or in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), both in the absence and presence of sulfate (gypsum), and of methyl fluoride (CH3F), an inhibitor of aceticlastic methanogenesis. Under methanogenic conditions, values of εac for acetate consumption were always in a range of -21 ‰ to -17 ‰, but higher in the lake sediment from the SW basin (-11 ‰). Under sulfidogenic conditions εac values tended to be slightly lower (-26 ‰ to -19 ‰) especially when aceticlastic methanogenesis was inhibited. Again, εac in the lake sediment of the SW basin was higher (-18 ‰ to -14 ‰). Determination of εCH4 from the accumulation of 13C in CH4 resulted in much lower values (-37 ‰ to -27 ‰) than from the depletion of 13C in acetate (-21 ‰ to -17 ‰), especially when acetate degradation was measured in buffer suspensions. The microbial communities were characterized by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA genes as well as the methanogenic mcrA and sulfidogenic dsrB genes. The microbial communities were quite different between lake sediments and paddy soils, but were similar in the sediments of the two lake basins and in the soils from Vercelli and IRR, and were similar after preincubation without and with addition of sulfate (gypsum). The different microbial compositions could hardly serve for the prediction of the magnitude of enrichment factors.
Alfred Hitchcock presents: Multilingualism as a vehicle for… suspense. The Italian dubbing of Hitchcock’s multilingual films.
Authors: De Bonis Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

This study aims to shed light on the role multilingualism plays in Alfred Hitchcock’s films, by examining the different solutions adopted by Italian audiovisual translators to cope with the multilingual situations represented. The comparative analysis carried out between the original versions of the thirteen multilingual films directed by Hitchcock and their Italian dubbed versions has identified three different macro-strategies: first of all, the neutralisation of the different languages present in the original version via dubbing the entire film into Italian. Secondly, the preservation of the different lingua-cultural identities through a combination of dubbing with other screen translation modalities such as contextual translation, and interpretation performed by one the film’s characters. Finally, a third strategy is the quantitative reduction of the multilingual situations present in the original version of the film, with all the inevitable consequences that this may have on viewers’ suspension of linguistic disbelief.