bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH GENDER INEQUALITY DALAM KELUARGA TERHADAP PERILAKU RESPONSIF GENDER PADA REMAJA
Authors: Audiah Anggraini , Tarma Tarma , Mulyati Mulyati
Published: October 2020

This research aims to find the influence of  family gender inequality to gender responsife behavior at 149 junior high school Jakarta. This research was conducted at 149 junior high school Jakarta. The methodology used survey. The population in research are student at grade eight of 149 Junior high school Jakarta. The hypothesis data used research is a Correlation Product Moment, that correlation of r = -0,273  which means correlation the relation between variables are low in the negative direction. The result from the coefficient significance is t = 0,913 and can be concluded that the correlation coefficient is significant. The coefficient determination obtained 7,4%. The hypothesis research and test is significant between family gender inequality to gender responsive behavior at 149 junior high school Jakarta.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari pengaruh gender inequality dalam keluarga terhadap perilaku responsif gender pada remaja di SMPN 149 Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 149 Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa di SMPN 149 Jakarta pada kelas VIII yang berjumlah 170 dengan jumlah 120 yang dijadikan sebagai  responden. Uji hipotesis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Korelasi Koefisien Product Moment yang menyatakan korelasinya sebesar r = -0,273 yang artinya terdapat korelasi ke arah negatif dengan tingkat hubungan dalam kategori rendah. Hasil uji signifikansi pada koefisiennya sebesar t = 0,913 karena nilai sig. lebih besar dari 0,05 maka diketahui bahwa korelasi antara variabel signifikan. Koefisien determinasi diperoleh sebesar 7,4%. Hasil hipotesis penelitian dan uji  hipotesis terdapat pengaruh negatif gender inequality terhadap perilaku responsif gender pada remaja di SMPN 149 Jakarta.

Kata Kunci :Gender Inequality, Keluarga, Perilaku Responsif, Remaja
TEMPERAMEN DAN JENIS KELAMIN DALAM SIBLING RIVALRY PADA REMAJA SMPN 196 JAKARTA
Authors: Putri Shabrina , Tarma Tarma , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: October 2020

The purpose this research to find out and analyze the influence of temperament on sibling rivalry, the influence of gender on sibling rivalry, and the influence of temperament in gender on sibling rivalry. This research was conducted at the 196 Junior High School in Jakarta. Total samples were 128 respondents consisted of 65 female and 63 male respondents, age at 12-15 years. Research using the method of survey research method with the correlation appoarch. The result correlation with significance level 0,05 correlation temperament on sibling rivalry obtained at 0,661 ≥ 0,172 with tcount 9,89 ≥ ttable1,978. The shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between temperament on sibling rivalry. Correlation gender on sibling rivalry obtained 15,803 ≥ 14,07. The shows that there is a correlation between gender on sibling rivalry. Correlation temperament on sibling rivalry, obtained 0,646 ≥ 0,24, with tcount 6,72 > ttable 1,998 for female and 0,632 ≥ 0,244 with tcount 6,37 > ttable 1,999 for male. The shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between temperament in gender on sibling rivalry. The result significant regression, the first obtained 97,92 ≥ 3,94. The shows that there is a significant influence between temperament on sibling rivalry. The next result obtained 45,02 ≥ 4,0 for female and 40,52 ≥ 4,0 for male. The shows that there is a significant influence between temperament in gender on sibling rivalry. 

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh temperamen terhadap sibling rivalry, pengaruh jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry dan pengaruh temperamen berdasarkan jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 196 Jakarta. Total sample pada penelitian ini berjumlah 128 responden yang terdiri dari 65 responden perempuan dan 63 responden laki-laki, usia 12-15 tahun. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan korelasional. Berdasarkan hasil korelasi dengan taraf signifikan (p<0,05) pertama menunjukan 0,943 ≥ 0,172. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara temperamen terhadap sibling rivalry pada remaja. Kedua, 15,803 ≥ 14,07. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Ketiga 0,941 ≥ 0,24 untuk perempuan dan 0,934 ≥ 0,244 untuk laki-laki. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara temperamen berdasarkan jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Berdasarkan hasil uji signifikan regresi, pertama menunjukan 1011,2 ≥ 3,94. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh temperamen terhadap sibling rivalry. Kedua 13,1 ≥ 3,94. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry. Ketiga 487,1 ≥ 4,0 untuk perempuan dan 415,7 ≥ 4,0 untuk laki-laki. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh temperamen berdasarkan jenis kelamin terhadap sibling rivalry.

Kata kunci : Jenis Kelamin, Remaja,Sibling Rivalry, Temperamen
Penerapan Strategi REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying,Cooperating, Transfering) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Bangun Datar di Kelas VII-2 SMP Negeri 47 Jakarta
Authors: Aini Firda Nurul , Suprakarti Suprakarti , Sari Puspita
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa melalui penerapan pembelajaran menggunakan strategi REACT di kelas VII-2 SMP Negeri 47 Jakarta. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan hasil tes kemampuan awal koneksi matematis siswa yang dilakukan di kelas VII-2 SMP Negeri 47 Jakarta, terlihat bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa masih rendah, sehingga kemampuan tersebut perlu ditingkatkan. Penerapan strategi REACT dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas. Pembelajaran menggunakan strategi REACT terdiri dari lima kegiatan, yaitu: Kegiatan relating (mengaitkan), experiencing (mengalami), applying (menerapkan), cooperating (bekerja sama), dan transfering (mentransfer). Kelima kegiatan ini jika diterapkan dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa melalui penerapan pembelajaran menggunakan strategi REACT di kelas VII-2 SMP Negeri 47 Jakarta.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Setiap siklus dilaksanakan pembelajaran menggunakan strategi REACT. Siswa diberikan tes akhir siklus untuk mengukur kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Mei hingga Juni 2016 di kelas VII-2 SMP Negeri 47 Jakarta tahun ajaran 2015/2016 dengan jumlah 36 orang siswa.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika menggunakan strategi REACT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa, hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata tes akhir tiap siklus. Nilai rata-rata kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa kelas VII-2 pada prapenelitian adalah 38,5, pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan menjadi 65,14, pada siklus II menjadi 69,44, dan pada siklus III menjadi 75,42. Jumlah siswa yang nilai tes kemampuan koneksi matematisnya mencapai atau melebihi KKM juga mengalami peningkatan. Jumlah siswa yang mencapai atau melebihi KKM pada tes prapenelitian hanya berjumlah tiga orang (8,33%), siklus I jumlahnya meningkat menjadi 16 orang (44,44%), siklus II meningkat menjadi 24 orang (66,67%), dan pada siklus III meningkat menjadi 29 orang (80,05%).
Pengaruh Pendekatan Metode Pembelajaran dan Belief Matematika Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Wijayanti Dwi Antari , Permana Agus Agung
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan metode pembelajaran matematika realistik dan konvensional serta belief matematika terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain treatment by level (2 X 2). Variable dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Variabel bebasnya adalah pendekatan pembelajaran dan belief siswa terhadap matematika yang terbagi atas belief positif dan belief negatif, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah hasil belajar matematika siswa. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara bertahap (multi-stage random sampling). Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode statistik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran matematika realistic (PMR) dengan pendekatan konvensional baik untuk siswa yang memiliki belief positif maupun negatif. Pada siswa yang memiliki belief matematika positif, hasil belajar siswa yang belajar menggunakan PMR lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang belajar menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Namun pada siswa yang memiliki belief negatif, baik menggunakan PMR maupun konvensional, hasil belajarnya tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan dalam pembelajaran. Pendekatan pembelajaran matematika realistik dinilai efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, karena dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme pada Pokok Bahasan Bentuk Aljabar Kelas VII SMP Terbuka 264 Jakarta Barat
Authors: Atikah Nadiah Dirayati , Makmuri Makmuri , Murdiyanto Tri
Published: October 2020

Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan yang dilakukan terhadap peserta didik dan guru SMP Terbuka 264 Jakarta Barat, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan modul pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme pada pokok bahasan bentuk aljabar. Pendekatan konstruktivisme yang didukung beberapa penelitian relevan dianggap mampu membangkitkan motivasi dan minat belajar peserta didik. Implikasi pendekatan konstruktivisme yang diterapkan dalam pengembangan modul ini adalah Orientasi, Elicitasi, Restruksi Ide, Aplikasi Ide, dan Review.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development. Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan adalah modul pembelajaran matematika. Bahan ajar telah melalui validasi dan uji coba lapangan dengan instrumen penilaian yang valid. Modul diuji oleh ahli materi dan bahasa dengan nilai akhir 87,06% serta ahli media dengan nilai akhir 87,22%. Uji coba perorangan dan kelompok kecil dilakukan pada Juli 2018 di SMP Terbuka 264 Jakarta Barat dengan nilai akhir 88,72% dan 86,38%, dilanjutkan dengan uji coba kelompok besar dan guru dengan nilai akhir 88,76% dan 90,93%.Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan dari hasil validasi dan uji lapangan bahwa modul yang dihasilkan berada dalam kategori sangat baik dan layak digunakan. Pengembangan modul dapat diterima dengan baik oleh peserta didik dan guru, serta dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Ditinjau dari Tingkat Kemampuan Awal Matematika Siswa SMK
Authors: Riam Nurussilmah  , Maya Santi Vera , Tian Abdul Aziz
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang penerapan model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatik, Auditori, Visual, Intelektual) terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematika siswa kelas X SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan Post-Test Only Non-equivalent Control Group Design . Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik cluster random sampling . Kelas eksperimen terdiri atas 36 siswa, yang mendapat pelatihan terdiri dari model pembelajaran SAVI dan kelas kontrol terdiri dari 32 siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan awal matematika dan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti dan memiliki tingkat validitas dan reliabilitas sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan uji ANAVA RAK diperoleh model pembelajaran SAVI dan konvensional yang dilakukan tidak memberikan dukungan dalam pengaduan Selain itu, berdasarkan tingkat kemampuan awal matematika terkait dengan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika siswa. Kemudian, dengan Uji Duncan (DMRT) memperoleh hasil model SAVI dengan kemampuan awal matematika yang lebih baik dari model konvensional dalam kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika siswa.
Motivational climate, need satisfaction, self-determined motivation, and physical activity of students in secondary school physical education in China
Authors: Chen Ruzhuan , Wang Lijuan , Wang Bingnan , Zhou Yulan
Published: October 2020

Background: On the basis of the integration constructs from self-determination theory (SDT) and achievement goal theory (AGT), this study aims to investigate the relationship among classroom motivational climate from four perspectives (i.e. autonomy support, relatedness support, task-involving climate and ego-involving climate), three psychological needs (i.e. autonomy, competence and relatedness), self-determined motivation and physical activity (PA) in secondary physical education (PE). Methods: Participants consisted of 1,186 Chinese students aged 11 to 16 years from three secondary schools in Shanghai. Accelerometers were utilized to measure moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Questionnaires were used to measure SDT variables (i.e. classroom motivational climate, perceived competence, autonomy, relatedness and self-determined motivation). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was adopted to analyse the hypothesised relationship.Results: SEM analysis revealed that task-involving climate and autonomy support were positively associated with autonomy, relatedness and competence. Relatedness support was positively related with autonomy and relatedness, whereas ego-involving climate was only associated with competence. The three psychological needs positively affected self-determined motivation, and self-determined motivation positively affected the MVPA time of secondary school students in PE lessons.Conclusion: These findings support a model of motivation that integrates SDT and AGT, provides new insight into understanding MVPA in Chinese PE, and establishes a solid basis for intervention research.
Impact of environmental cleaning on the colonization and infection rates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients within the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Li Yang , Ge Hai , Zhou Hui , Zhou Wanqing , Zheng Jie , Chen Wei , Cao Xiaoli
Published: October 2020

Objective: To continuously evaluate the effect of environmental cleaning on the colonization and infection rates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) in the patients within an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Environmental cleaning on the high-touch clinical surfaces (HTCS) within a comprehensive ICU was evaluated through monitoring fluorescent marks when the overall compliance with hand hygiene during 2013-2014 was monitored. Meanwhile, samples from the HTCS and inpatients were collected and sent for bacterial culture and identification. The drug susceptibility testing was further implemented to monitor the prevalence of MDR-AB. The genetic relatedness of MDR-AB collected either from the HTCS or inpatients was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) when an outbreak was doubted. Results: The overall compliance with hand hygiene remained relatively stable during 2013-2014. Under this circumstance, the clearance rate of fluorescence marks on the environmental surfaces within ICUs significantly increased from 21.9% to 85.7%, and accordingly the colonization and infection rates of MDR-AB decreased from 16.5‰ to 6.6‰ and from 7.4‰ to 2.8‰, respectively, from the beginning to the end of 2013. However, during the year 2014, because of frequent change and movement of cleaning workers, the clearance rate of fluorescence marks decreased below 50%, and the overall colonization and infection rates of MDR-AB correspondingly increased from 9.1‰ to 11.1‰ and from 1.5‰ to 3.9‰, respectively. PFGE displayed a high genetic relatedness between the MDR-AB strains analyzed, indicating a dissemination of MDR-AB during the surveillance period. Conclusion. For the easily disseminated MDR-AB within ICUs , the clearance rates of fluorescence labeling on HTCS is negatively corelated with the hospital infection rates of MDR-AB. Such an invisible fluorescence labelling is an effective and convenient method to continuously monitor cleanness of medical environment within hospitals.
Metapristone (RU486-derivative) inhibits endometrial cancer cell progress through regulating miR-492/Klf5/Nrf1 axis
Authors: Chang Yue , Hao Min , Jia Ru , Zhao Yihui , Cai Yixuan , Liu Yun
Published: October 2020

Background: Endometrial cancer is the prevalent invasive gynecological cancer in the world. The pathogenesis of endometrial cancer involves many signaling pathways which are related with oestrogen, tumor-suppressor gene (e.g. PTEN) or microRNAs (e.g. miR-23a and miR-29b). Metapristone is a hormone-related drug and widely used in endometrial cancer clinical therapeutics. However, the deep regulatory mechanism of metapristone to endometrial cancer is not clear, especially the relationship with microRNAs. In this research, we aimed to figure out the specific molecular mechanism on the regulation of metapristone to microRNAs during the treatment of endometrial cancer.Methods: RL95-2 cells and Ishikawa cells were used as the endometrial cancer cell models. MiR-492 or si-miR-492 was transfected into RL95-2 cells and Ishikawa cells to explore the role of miR-492 in endometrial cancer. Moreover, the mice tumor model was used to confirm the function of metapristone and the regulating process by miR-492/Klf5/Nrf1 axis in vivo. Mechanically, cell proliferation was monitored using the MTT assay, cell colony formation assay and EdU assay. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the downstream target gene of miR492. The protein expression and RNA expression were respectively measured by western blot and qRT-PCR for cell signaling pathway research, subsequently, were verified in the mice tumor model via immunohistochemistry.Results: Metapristone as a kind of hormone-related drugs significantly inhibited the endometrial cancer cell growth through regulating cell apoptosis-related gene expression. Mechanically, miR-492 and its target genes Klf5 and Nrf1 were highly expressed in the endometrial cancer cell lines, which promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Metapristone decreased the expression of miR-492 and its target genes Klf5 and Nrf1, leading to endometrial cancer cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Metapristone inhibited the endometrial cancer cell growth through regulating the cell apoptosis-related signaling pathway and inhibiting the expression of miR-492 and its downstream target genes (Klf5 and Nrf1), which provided the theoretical basis of endometrial cancer in clinical treatment.
Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study
Authors: Moradi Ghobad , Mohamadi Parvin , Zareie Bushra , Rasouli Mohammad Aziz , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Jafari Saeede
Published: October 2020

Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran in 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) on 11988 prisoners selected from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces in 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral variables were collected through interviews and the status of exposure to HBV and HCV were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a history of drug injection in their lifetime were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE software, Version 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes.Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all the studied subjects, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV among the subjects were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures to screen and treat patients with HCV and vaccinat incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination against HBV.
Impact of changes in the methodology of external price referencing on medicine prices: discrete-event simulation
Authors: Vogler Sabine , Schneider Peter , Lepuschütz Lena
Published: October 2020

Background: Several governments apply the policy of external price referencing (EPR), which considers the prices of a medicine in one or more other countries for the purpose of setting the price in the own country. Different methodological choices can be taken to design EPR. The study aimed to analyse whether, or not, and how changes in the methodology of EPR can impact medicine prices.Methods: The real-life EPR methodology as of Q1/2015 was surveyed in all European Union Member States (where applicable), Iceland, Norway and Switzerland through a questionnaire responded by national pricing authorities. Different scenarios were developed related to the parameters of the EPR methodology. Discrete-event simulations of fictitious prices in the 28 countries of the study that had EPR were run over 10 years. The continuation of the real-life EPR methodology in the countries as surveyed in 2015, without any change, served as base case.Results: In most scenarios, after ten years, medicine prices in all or most surveyed countries were – sometimes considerably – lower than in the base case scenario. But in a few scenarios medicine prices increased in some countries. Consideration of discounts (an assumed 20% discount in five large economies and the mandatory discount in Germany, Greece and Ireland) and determining the reference price based on the lowest price in the country basket would result in higher price reductions (on average -47.2% and -34.2% compared to the base case). An adjustment of medicine price data of the reference countries by purchasing power parities would lead to higher prices in some more affluent countries (e.g. Switzerland, Norway) and lower prices in lower-income economies (Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland). Regular price revisions and changes in the basket of reference countries would also impact medicine prices, however to a lesser extent.Conclusions: EPR has some potential for cost-containment. Medicine prices could be decreased if certain parameters of the EPR methodology were changed. If public payers aim to apply EPR to keep medicine prices at more affordable levels, they are encouraged to explore the cost-containment potential of this policy by taking appropriate methodological choices in the EPR design.
Anakinra as rescue therapy to treat patients with severe COVID-19 refractory to tocilizumab
Authors: Alijotas-Reig Jaume , Esteve-Valverde Enrique , Ruiz-Hidalgo Domingo , Lopez-Sanchez Gabriel , Martinez-Valle Ferran , Trape-Pujol Jaume , Miro-Mur Francesc
Published: October 2020

Objective. To evaluate the role played by anakinra in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 who fail to “accepted” standard of care and tocilizumab.Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study assessed in Althaia Health Network University and Vall d’Hebrón University Hospital, in Barcelona, Spain. We included patients with confirmed RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome [PaO2:FiO2] (PAFI) ≤200 mmHg, and hyperinflammation. All of them were primarily managed with non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU and received standard of care with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, azithromycin, and enoxaparin supplemented with tocilizumab. These patients received an additional administration of 100 mg subcutaneous anakinra twice a day (low-dose) or every 6-8 hours (medium-dose). Mechanical ventilation-free survival, ICU admission, respiratory function changes (PAFI), inflammatory markers, and survival were analyzed.Results. Clinical and respiratory improvements were already present at 48 hours post-anakinra. PAFI increased 105.2% at 48 hours over anakinra administration and 166.9% at day 7. Respiratory function improvement was significant at day 7 (p<0.0001) with 10/12 (83%) responders having a PAFI ≥ 200 mm Hg. Despite of this improvement, inflammatory markers lasted to decrease. Two patients required ICU and temporary mechanical ventilation. No patients died and no adverse effects related to anakinra appeared. Short-time follow-up showed no relapses.Conclusions. In severe ARDS related to SARS-CoV-2 refractory to standard of care plus tocilizumab, low-to-moderate doses of anakinra as a rescue therapy showed effectiveness and safety, avoiding mechanical ventilation and deaths.
Covid-19 and Cost of Living in Developing Countries
Authors: Diwambuena Josue , Musimwa Ishara , Tsasa Jean-Paul K.
Published: October 2020

We document some evidence about effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the cost of living in developing countries. We use data from the National Statistical Office of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Data are in weekly frequency. We propose a simple two-step strategy to evaluate the Covid-19 effect on the cost of living in the DRC. We consider two types of households: a typical household for the DRC and a typical household for Kinshasa –Kinshasa is the national capital and the largest city of the DRC. Then we compute the quasi-causal effect and the volatility differential for each household type. We show: First, in absolute terms, the consumption basket for a typical household in Kinshasa exhibits both a higher quasi-causal effect and a higher volatility differential than those observed from the consumption basket of a typical household for the whole country (i.e. the DRC). Second, in relative terms, the consumption basket for a typical household in Kinshasa exhibits higher quasi-causal effects than that for a typical household only in prices of food and non-alcoholic beverages and in prices of transport. Finally and more importantly, unlike developed countries where consumers spent more on food and other groceries during the pandemic, our results suggest that in response to the Covid-19 crisis, both the typical household in DRC and the typical household in Kinshasa spent more on health and communication. These findings highlight deep structural differences between developed countries, where health insurance is functional, and developing countries where patients generally face a deficit or lack of viable health insurance. Moreover, we argue expenditures on communication increased in response mainly to the lockdown measures, mobility restrictions or closing of national borders.
Alveolar-to-arterial oxygen gradient: role in the management of COVID-19 infection mild population
Authors: Farina Gabriele , Gianstefani Alice , Salvatore Veronica , Anziati Martina , Baldassarri Francesca , Beleffi Michelle , Cannizzaro Alfredo Maria , Casadei Elena , Fantini Jacopo , Tubertini Eleonora , Nava Stefano , Giostra Fabrizio
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 infection is frequently associated with radiological diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia and alteration in gases exchange. We decided to test arterial blood gas assay parameters, in particular alveolar-to-arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO2), in predicting the need of hospitalization, the survival rate and in identifying pneumonia in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.We conducted an observational prospective study in one of the Emergency Department of our city. We included consecutive patients with symptoms likely related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed either with positive nasal pharyngeal swabs and/or with suggestive radiological findings. Areas under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve were computed to predict need of hospitalization and the presence of pneumonia. Survival curves were analyzed using a Log-rank test. P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.We enrolled 825 patients; the final population was composed by 530 patients. Most of them were hospitalized due to complications, the mortality was 14% but no death occured in the ED. It results that a threshold for AaDO2 of 27 could predict the need of hospitalization as well as a threshold for AaDO2 of 24 could identify the presence of pneumonia. Survival curves revealed that patients with a value of AaDO2 less than or equal to 40 had a better survival. We suggest the application of ABG parameters, in particular AaDO2, during the first assessment of COVID-19 patients in the ED, because they could be additional tools to help the emergency physician to evaluate the clinical severity of patients.The study was approved by our local ethics committee with the number 551/2020/Oss/AOUBo.
Substances use and its association with socio-demographic, family, and environment-related factors among technical and vocational education and training College students in Ataye, Ethiopia.
Authors: wubetu abate dargie , Getachew Sintayehu , Negash Wassie
Published: October 2020

Background: Legal substances use is prevalent in Ethiopia. Substance use can have several health problems that are potentially harmful to educational performance, social issues, psychological and physical wellbeing. This study aimed to know the prevalence of lifetime and last month’s substance use and its associated factors among technical and vocational education and training College students in Ataye town. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to last May 2019. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data collected by using a structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data collected by five trained diploma nurses with close supervision. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval, and p-value less than 0.05 used to declare the statistical significance of associated factors. Results: Four hundred eighty-three individuals participated in the study, which was a response rate of 94%. The prevalence of lifetime legal substance use was 32.5% (95% CI: 28.2, 36.5). The prevalence of last month's legal substances use was 21.9% (95% CI= 18.2, 25.5). Among lifetime legal substance users, the majority (25.5%) chewed khat. The others, (19.5%) drunk alcohol, and, 15.3% smoked cigarettes in a lifetime. Lifetime cannabis and cocaine users were 2.5%, and 7.2% respectively. Among last month's legal substance users, (21.9%) chewed khat followed by alcohol drinking (16.6%), and cigarette smoking (15.3%). In the last month, 1.2% and 3.3% of students used cannabis and cocaine respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that being male, having a divorced family, living greater than twenty years in the town, having substance user family members, having intimate friend substance users, and easy availability of substances were independent predictors of lifetime legal substances use. Conclusions: The prevalence of last month and lifetime legal substance use at Ataye Technical and Vocational Education and Training ( TVET ) college students were analogous with most studies done in Ethiopia. It is advisable if the college administrators work together with town administrators to mitigate the problem including closing substance use houses around the school. Overall, Substance use among adolescents should get further emphasis to lower the prevalence.
Disinfectant Wipes Transfer Clostridioides difficile Spores from Contaminated Surfaces to Uncontaminated Surfaces during the Disinfection Process
Authors: Nkemngong Carine A. , Chaggar Gurpreet K. , Li Xiaobao , Teska Peter J. , Oliver Haley F
Published: October 2020

Background: Pre-wetted disinfectant wipes are increasingly being used in healthcare facilities to help address the risk of healthcare associated infections (HAI). However, HAIs are still a major problem in the US with Clostridioides difficile being the most common cause, leading to approximately 12,800 deaths annually in the US. An underexplored risk when using disinfectant wipes is that they may cross-contaminate uncontaminated surfaces during the wiping process. The objective of this study was to determine the cross-contamination risk that pre-wetted disinfectant towelettes may pose when challenged with C. difficile spores. We hypothesized that although the tested disinfectant wipes had no sporicidal claims, they will reduce spore loads. We also hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide disinfectant towelettes would present a lower cross-contamination risk than quaternary ammonium products.
Methods: We evaluated the risk of cross-contamination when disinfectant wipes are challenged with C. difficile ATCC 43598 spores on Formica surfaces. A disinfectant wipe was used to wipe a Formica sheet inoculated with C. difficile . After the wiping process, we determined log 10 CFU on previously uncontaminated pre-determined distances from the inoculation point and on the used wipes.
Results: We found that the disinfectant wipes transferred C. difficile spores from inoculated surfaces to previously uncontaminated surfaces. We also found that wipes physically removed C. difficile spores and that hydrogen peroxide disinfectants were more sporicidal than the quaternary ammonium disinfectants.
Conclusion: Regardless of the product type, all disinfectant wipes had some sporicidal effect but transferred C. difficile spores from contaminated to otherwise previously uncontaminated surfaces. Disinfectant wipes retain C. difficile spores during and after the wiping process.
FABP7 is a potential biomarker to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer 
Authors: Xie Qin , XIAO Ying-sheng , JIA Shi-cheng , ZHENG Jie-xuan , DU Zhen-chao , CHEN Yi-chun , CHEN Mu-tong , LIANG Yuan-ke , LIN Hao-yu , Zeng De
Published: October 2020

Background: Early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is critical in choosing appropriate chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Herein, we sought to identify potential biomarkers to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients.Methods: Three genomic profiles acquired by microarray analysis from subjects with or without residual tumors after NAC downloaded from the GEO database were used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). An array of public databases, including ONCOMINE, cBioportal, Breast Cancer Gene Expression Miner v4.0, and the Kaplan Meir-plotter, etc., were used to evaluate the potential functions, related signaling pathway, as well as prognostic values of FABP7 in breast cancer. Anti-cancer drug sensitivity assay, real-time PCR, ﬂow cytometry and western-blotting assays were used to investigate the function of FABP7 in breast cancer cells and examine the relevant mechanism.Results: Two differentially expressed genes, including FABP7 and ESR1, were identified to be potential indicators of response to anthracycline and taxanes for breast cancer. FABP7 was associated with better chemotherapeutic response, while ESR1 was associated with poorer chemotherapeutic effectiveness. Generally, the expression of FABP7 was significantly lower in breast cancer than normal tissue samples. FABP7 mainly high expressed in ER-negative breast tumor and might regulate cell cycle to enhance chemosensitivity. Moreover, elevated FABP7 expression increased the percentage of cells at both S and G2/M phase in MDA-MB-231-ADR cells, and decreased the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase, as compared to control group. Western-blotting results showed that elevated FABP7 expression could increase Skp2 expression, while decrease CDH1 and p27kip1 expression in MDA-MB-231-ADR cells. In addition, FABP7 was correlated to longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) in BC patients with ER-negative subtype of BC treated with chemotherapy. Conclusion: FABP7 is a potential favorable biomarker and predicts better response to NAC in breast cancer patients. Future study on the predictive value and detail molecular mechanisms of FABP7 in contribution to chemosensitivity in breast cancer is warranted.
Evaluating antimicrobial appropriateness in a tertiary care pediatric ICU in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kazzaz Yasser M , AlTurki Haneen , Aleisa Lama , Alahmadi Bashaer , Alfattoh Nora , Alattas Nadia
Published: October 2020

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic utilization is associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and a decline in antibiotic susceptibility in many pathogenic organisms isolated in intensive care units. Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) have been recommended as a strategy to reduce and delay the impact of AMR. A crucial step in ASPs is understanding antibiotic utilization practices and quantifying the problem of inappropriate antibiotic use to support a targeted solution. We aim to characterize antibiotic utilization and determine the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital (KASCH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a 6-month period. Days of therapy (DOT) and DOT per 1000 patient-days were used as measures of antibiotic consumption. The appropriateness of antibiotic use was assessed by two independent pediatric infectious disease physicians based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 12-step Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance Among Hospitalized Children.Results: During the study period, 497 patients were admitted to the PICU, accounting for 3009 patient-days. A total of 274 antibiotic courses were administered over 2553 antibiotic days. Forty-eight percent of antibiotic courses were found to be nonadherent to at least 1 CDC step. The top reasons were inappropriate antibiotic choice (empirical or definitive) and inappropriate prophylaxis durations. Cefazolin and vancomycin contributed to the highest percentage of inappropriate DOTs.Conclusions: Antibiotic consumption was high with significant inappropriate utilization. These data could inform decision-making in antimicrobial stewardship programs and strategies. The CDC steps provide a more objective tool and limit biases when assessing antibiotic appropriateness
Recent epidemiology of patients with Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NEN) in Japan: a population-based study
Authors: Masui Toshihiko , Ito Tetsuhide , Komoto Izumi , Uemoto Shinji , group JNETS project study
Published: October 2020

Background: The worldwide prevalence and incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) have been increasing recently, although few studies have analyzed data on the current situation of NENs in Japan. Here, the Japan Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (JNETS) planned to investigate the recent incidence and distribution of these tumors using data from the national cancer registry started in 2016. This study examined the incidence and distribution of primary sites as well as rate of advanced disease from this population-based registry.Methods: A retrospective, population-based study using data from the national cancer registry in Japan (NCR) was conducted to evaluate patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic NEN (GEP-NEN) in 2016. Associated population data were used to determine annual age-adjusted incidences.Results: A total of 6735 individuals were diagnosed with GEP-NEN in Japan in 2016. Annual onset incidence was 0.70/100,000 for pancreatic NEN and 2.84/100,000 for gastrointestinal NEN. NEN in the ileum accounted for only 1% of total GEP-NENs in Japan. Most NENs in the esophagus or lungs were neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), while the majority of those in the duodenum, ileum, appendix and rectum were grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Median age at initial diagnosis was in between 60 to 65. Tumors in the duodenum, appendix and rectum were mostly limited to local, while those in the esophagus, stomach and colon tended to show distant metastasis. In Japan, initial treatment for GEP-NENs was resection even if the tumor was NEC.Conclusions: This is the first report of a national registry-based incidence and distribution of GEP-NEN in Japan. These data will serve as an important first step to determining the exact etiology and trends for this pathology in Japan.
Google analytics of a pilot study to characterize the visitor website statistics and implicate for enrollment strategies in Medical University
Authors: Chen Szu-Chieh , Tsao Thomas Chang-Yao , Lue Ko-Huang , Tsai Yafang
Published: October 2020

Background: Due to decreasing fertility rates in Taiwan, colleges and universities face significant difficulties in maintaining student attendance. This study aims to investigate students in the higher education market and explore their online behavior patterns in relation to university departmental websites to provide response strategies with the aim of potentially increasing enrollment.Methods: We used Google Analytics (GA) tools to analyze two departmental websites from a medical university between February 1 and July 30, 2018. We also observed website patterns during relevant periods for three college admission routes (Stars Program, Personal Application, and Admission by Examination and Placement).Results: Visitors were mostly between 18 and 24 years of age during the three visiting date ranges for the two departments analyzed. The visitor groups were mainly freshmen at the university, and secondarily their parents. The majority of visitors visited “Homepage,” “Subject Credits,” “Course Planning,” “Teacher Lineup,” and “Certificate of Subjects.” The overall timing of daily page views varied depending on academic events.Conclusions: Results suggest that the department should consider enhancing the presentation of its featured courses on the web page or distinguish their course characteristics from those of competing departments in the curriculum to ensure clear market segmentation. It is recommended that each department consider the obtainable data online and identify suitable high schools to visit to attract potential students and improve student willingness to choose this university.
Detection of subgenome bias using an anchored syntenic approach in Eleusine coracana (finger millet)
Authors: Hall Nathan Daniel , Patel Jinesh D , McElroy Joseph Scott , Goertzen Leslie Richard
Published: October 2020

Background: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana 2n=4x=36 ) is a hardy, nutraceutical, climate change tolerant, orphan crop that is consumed throughout eastern Africa and India. Its genome has been sequenced multiple times, but A and B subgenomes could not be separated because no published genome for E. indica existed. The classification of A and B subgenomes is important for understanding the evolution of this crop and provide a means to improve current and future breeding programs. Results: We produced subgenome calls for 704 syntenic blocks and inferred A or B subgenomic identity for 59,377 genes 81% of the annotated genes. Phylogenetic analysis of a super matrix containing 455 genes shows high support for A and B divergence within the Eleusine genus. Synonymous substitution rates between A and B genes support A and B calls. The repetitive content on highly supported B contigs is higher than that on similar A contigs. Analysis of syntenic singletons showed evidence of biased fractionation showed a pattern of A genome dominance, with 61% A , 37% B and 1% unassigned, and was further supported by the pattern of loss observed among cyto-nuclear interacting genes. Examination of expression within the circadian rhythm pathway suggests A subgenomic preference. Conclusion: The evidence of individual gene calls within each syntenic block, provides a powerful tool for inference for subgenome classification. Our results show the utility of a draft genome in resolving A and B subgenomes calls, primarily it allows for the proper polarization of A and B syntenic blocks. There have been multiple calls for the use of phylogenetic inference in subgenome classification, our use of synteny is a practical application in a system that has only one parental genome available.
Developing an Assessment Scale for Long-term Care Reablement Literacy in Home Care Workers in Taiwan Using a Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Yu Hsiao-Wei , Chiu Tzu-Ying , Chen Pin-Yuan , Liao Tai-Hsiang , Chang Wen-Hui , Wang Mei-Wen , Lin Pay-Shin
Published: October 2020

Background: Reablement is a philosophy of change in long-term care (LTC). Assessing the knowledge and competence of LTC professionals who provide reablement services is vital in LTC research. This study aimed to develop a scale for the assessment of long-term care reablement literacy (LTCRL) and employ this scale to assess the performance of home care workers in Taiwan. Methods: To develop this scale, we employed the modified Delphi technique based on the theoretical framework of health literacy and the content of service delivery in reablement. Home care workers from northern, central, and southern Taiwan were selected through purposive sampling (N = 119). Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire that included items related to basic demographic characteristics and questions to assess LTCRL. Results: Based on the experts’ consensus on the procedure of the modified Delphi technique, the LTCRL assessment sale consists of 29 questions on four aspects of knowledge acquisition: the abilities to access/obtain, understand, process/appraise, and apply/use. The results revealed that higher education levels and better Chinese language proficiency are associated with higher LTCRL outcomes among home care workers. Conclusions: The LTCRL assessment scale based on a modified Delphi technique is useful and feasible for evaluating LTCRL in home care workers who provide reablement services in Taiwan.