bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The broad phenotypic spectrum of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) deficiency: a case series
Authors: Sun Min , Mueller Jonathan W , Gilligan Lorna C , Taylor Angela E , Shaheen Fozia , Noczyńska Anna , T’Sjoen Guy , Denvir Louise , Shenoy Savitha , Fulton Piers , Cheetham Timothy D , Gleeson Helena , Rahman Mushtaqur , Krone Nils P , Taylor Norman F , Shackleton Cedric H L , Arlt Wiebke , Idkowiak Jan
Published: September 2021

Context

17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) caused by mutations in the CYP17A1 gene is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia typically characterised by cortisol deficiency, mineralocorticoid excess and sex steroid deficiency.

Objective

To examine the phenotypic spectrum of 17OHD by clinical and biochemical assessment and corresponding in silico and in vitro functional analysis.

Design

Case series.

Patients and results

We assessed eight patients with 17OHD, including four with extreme 17OHD phenotypes: two siblings presented with failure to thrive in early infancy and two with isolated sex steroid deficiency and normal cortisol reserve. Diagnosis was established by mass spectrometry-based urinary steroid profiling and confirmed by genetic CYP17A1 analysis, revealing homozygous and compound heterozygous sequence variants. We found novel (p.Gly111Val, p.Ala398Glu, p.Ile371Thr) and previously described sequence variants (p.Pro409Leu, p.Arg347His, p.Gly436Arg, p.Phe53/54del, p.Tyr60IlefsLys88X). In vitro functional studies employing an overexpression system in HEK293 cells showed that 17,20-lyase activity was invariably decreased while mutant 17α-hydroxylase activity retained up to 14% of WT activity in the two patients with intact cortisol reserve. A ratio of urinary corticosterone over cortisol metabolites reflective of 17α-hydroxylase activity correlated well with clinical phenotype severity.

Conclusion

Our findings illustrate the broad phenotypic spectrum of 17OHD. Isolated sex steroid deficiency with normal stimulated cortisol has not been reported before. Attenuation of 17α-hydroxylase activity is readily detected by urinary steroid profiling and predicts phenotype severity.

Significance statement

Here we report, supported by careful phenotyping, genotyping and functional analysis, a prismatic case series of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) deficiency (17OHD). These range in severity from the abolition of function, presenting in early infancy, and unusually mild with isolated sex steroid deficiency but normal ACTH-stimulated cortisol in adult patients. These findings will guide improved diagnostic detection of CYP17A1 deficiency.
Effects of Del Nido and Terminal Warm Blood Cardioplegia on Myocardial Protection and Rhythm in Isolated CABG Patients
Authors: Karaarslan Kemal , Abud Burcin
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate the effect of using del Nido cardioplegia+terminal hot-shot blood cardioplegia on myocardial protection and rhythm in isolated coronary bypass patients.
Material and methods: A total of 122 patients were given cold (+4-8C') del Nido cardioplegia antegrade and evaluated. Del Nido+terminal warm blood cardioplegia (TWBCP) was applied to 63 patients out of 122 patients, while del Nido cardioplegia alone was applied to the other 59 patients. The preoperative and postoperative data of the patients were recorded and compared.
Results: There was a significant statistical difference between the groups, in terms of volume with more cardioplegia in the del Nido+terminal warm blood cardioplegia group. Although there was no significant difference between cardiac arrest times in both groups, a statistically significant difference was found in the del Nido+terminal warm blood cardioplegia group in the starting to work time of the heart. No difference found between the groups regarding myocardial preservation.
Conclusions: We can add a return to spontaneous sinus rhythm to the advantages of terminal warm blood cardioplegia and del Nido cardioplegia in literature. We think it would be a good strategy to extend the safe ischemic time limit of del Nido to 120 minutes with a terminal warm blood cardioplegia. It seems that cardioplegia techniques that will be developed by adding the successful and superior results of crystalloid cardioplegia applications, such as single dose del Nido in various open heart surgery operations and the superior myocardial return effects of terminal warm blood cardioplegia, will be used routinely in the future.
Research on Educational Evaluation, Promote the Development of Teachers and Students
Authors: Zhao Fuming
Published: September 2021

Evaluation is a cognitive activity. Educational evaluation is to judge students’ learning process and results, which are always conducted by course teachers. The traditional evaluation model often follows the single and mechanical standards, and the teachers will evaluate the learning results within the same class or the same grade. In this way, the evaluators basically have no connection with the students, hence the assessment results are more of subjective consciousness. The assessment that emphasizes the results while overlooks the process made students lost their sense of identity, which will easily upset the students. Multiple evaluations will be more effective, because teachers, students, and parents are all the participants, which contribute to the multi-subject, multi-dimension, and diversified methods, so as to better motivate the students. With the implementation of multiple evaluations, teachers will no longer only focused on the students’ achievement but more on the overall improvement of students’ morality, intelligence, physique, and aesthetics. It is conducive to changing teachers’ education concepts and methods, making it easier for teachers and students to get closer to each other which is good for the common development.
Personal Experienced: An Exploration of Better Life Education Based on Goal Orientation
Authors: Cao Fengmei
Published: September 2021

Mr. Xingzhi Tao once presented that the life we are experiencing is the education we received. To live a healthy life is to get a healthy education and to live a scientific life is to get a scientific education. The core concept is to experience education personally through life experiences. As mentioned in the Guide that children's learning ability should be improved through personal experience, direct perception, and practical exploration, which shows the importance of personal experience in life education. On the basis of goal-oriented exploration, this article conducted a research on children's personal life and education experiences, which focusing on children's real needs, considering the learners, establishing reasonable expectations of children's development, providing various development opportunities in life. And then support children to experience, perceive, manipulate, express, and perform, so as to promote them to make progress in reflections throughout the practical experience.
Plan Scientific Design, Develop Research Curriculum, Highlight Value Orientation: Elements of Self-Redemption of Rural Schools
Authors: Chen Jianhong
Published: September 2021

The basis of rural revitalization is education. How to keep up the pace of rural revitalization strategies, so as to promote qualified development is a significant question. This paper explored the elements to solve this question. Firstly, schools can realize the integral moving, redevelop campus culture through renaming, run school through chain management, focus on construction insufficient, foster collaborative development. By moving to a new area, schools will change their name to become a chain so that they can r and integrate with the schools in Hangzhou and Shanghai. Secondly, schools can set up a rural curriculum system by integrating resources, constructing proper research, and implementing theme research and development courses. Thirdly, schools need to highlight the orientation of center value through disseminating mainstream core values, shaping local culture characters, and setting pioneer stations of rural revitalization.
Participatory Heritage On Social Networking Sites: The Discussion of Main Theoretical Concepts
Authors: Kelpšienė Ingrida
Published: September 2021

The field researching cultural heritage communication on social networking sites, is still developing its theoretical foundations, while participatory heritage, as one of the newest concepts born in this field, is still lacking its grounded conceptualization, especially emerging from practice-based research studies. This theoretical study suggests to integrate different theoretical considerations that derives from cultural heritage studies, social networking sites research and theory of participation, and proposes to refine the concept of participatory heritage believing that the primary understanding of the context as “participatory” lies not in the environment itself, but in the activity that takes place in it. Therefore, I offer that participatory heritage could be understood as a new shift in cultural heritage practice that emerge through collaboration and communication of people on social networking sites.
APORTES Y DIFICULTADES DE LA METAGENÓMICA DE SUELOS Y SU IMPACTO EN LA AGRICULTURA.
Authors: Rivera-Urbalejo América Paulina , Vázquez Daniel , Fernández Vázquez José Luis , Rosete Enríquez María , Cesa-Luna Catherine , Morales-García Yolanda Elizabeth , Muñoz Rojas Jesús , Quintero Hernández Veronica
Published: September 2021

Los microorganismos son de gran interés porque colonizan todo tipo de ambiente, sin embargo, uno de los problemas al que nos enfrentamos para conocer su diversidad biológica es que no todos los microorganismos son cultivables. El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías como la generación de vectores de clonación aunado al desarrollo de técnicas de secuenciación de alto rendimiento ha favorecido el surgimiento de una nueva herramienta llamada metagenómica, la cual nos permite estudiar genomas de comunidades enteras de microorganismos. Debido a que ningún ambiente es idéntico a otro, es importante mencionar que dependiendo del tipo de muestra a analizar será el tipo de reto al cual nos enfrentaremos al trabajar con metagenómica, en el caso específico del suelo existen diversas variantes como la contaminación del suelo con metales pesados o diversos compuestos químicos que podrían limitar los estudios. Sin embargo, pese a las limitaciones que el mismo ambiente presenta, la metagenómica ha permitido tanto el descubrimiento de nuevos genes como la caracterización de las comunidades microbianas que influyen positivamente en el desarrollo de plantas, lo cual en un futuro podría generar un gran impacto en la agricultura. En este artículo se realizó una revisión de diversas investigaciones que han empleado metagenómica, reportadas en las bases de datos de PudMed y Google Schoolar, con el objetivo de examinar los beneficios y limitaciones de las diversas metodologías empleadas en el tratamiento del ADN metagenómico de suelo y el impacto de la metagenómica en la agricultura.
Más allá de la tierra: el espacio en la obra de Karlheinz Stockhausen
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Juan Diego
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza la importancia del espacio escénico en la obra del compositor Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007), bien sea en su uso tradicional como lugar de exhibición y como elemento compositivo y herramienta para incentivar experiencia estéticas en sus espectadores. Desde esta optica se analizan obras emblemáticas, como Gesang der Jünglinge (1956) y Der Kleine Harlekin (1987) y otras en las que el espacio se usó de forma más innovadora como Musik für die Beethovenhalle (1989), una selección de obras mostrada en forma simultánea en esta sala de conciertos, donde el espacio fue segmentado como si se tratara de un museo de arte. Finalmente su ópera Licht, Die Sieben tage der Woche específicamente en la tercera sección Helikopter–Streichquartett (1993) pieza en la que por primera vez se usó el aire como espacio para la interpretación musical, con la ayuda de helicópteros.
On Aspect, Biaspectuality, and Tenses in the History of Polish
Authors: Pátrovics Péter
Published: September 2021

By common consent, one of the most characteristic categories of the Polish verb is aspect. There can be little doubt that the origin of the aspect category may lie in Proto-Slavic or much further back in the Proto-Indo- European language. It is a moot point whether the aspect was already a strong category in Proto-Slavic. Nonetheless, it is beyond dispute that the consequences of its emergence were far-reaching and took a relatively long time to clarify in the daughter languages. The various categories such as aspect, biaspectuality, and tense providing the main themes of the present paper were closely related and did interact, however, the essential effects of their interaction can only be identified by scrutiny.

In Old Church Slavonic, a certain degree of competition between the category of aspect and that of tense can already be observed, and this is also evident in Old Polish, in which tenses like the aorist and the imperfect were slowly falling into disuse. Their occurrence is quite rare even in the earliest Polish written records. In due course, the perfect tense gained ground and the pluperfect became almost completely obsolete. In Modern Polish, the latter only serves to archaize literary texts. In the further stages of development, the aspectual opposition also extended to the future tenses thereby affecting the entire Polish tense system. Also, in the aspect-tense system of the Modern Polish language, the tendency of the category of aspect to prevail over the category of tense together with the gradual decline in the number of biaspectual verbs, still common in the 16th century, seems to be quite clear.

Most of the originally biaspectual initial verbs were later perfectivized by means of prefixes. Thus, the simple verbal bases and their perfectivized derivatives could establish an aspectual partnership. In the case of verbs with foreign roots, the prefix z-/ s- played a pivotal role in perfectivation, while other prefixes such as za- and po- had a less important role. The process of perfectivation in Polish was so extensive that only few biaspectual verbs remained free of the opposition of aspect as reminders of the fact that the development of this category is still an ongoing process. This is also shown by the more recent biaspectual verbs with borrowed roots for which it can be anticipated that they will form their perfective counterparts soon.

The paper concludes that the amount of verbs with an aspectually uncertain status is likely to be a reliable indicator of the development of the aspect category for the earlier periods in the history of the Polish language. An important role in this may play the diachronic corpus-based investigation, which, though for a long time considered a stepchild of Slavic aspectual research, may still help to clarify a number of issues related to the category of aspect.
The expanded interactional model of exercise addiction
Authors: Dinardi Jacob S. , Egorov Alexei Y. , Szabo Attila
Published: September 2021

Background and aims

Cited in over 100 articles, the interactional model of exercise addiction (Egorov & Szabo, 2013) forms the theoretical foundation of many studies on the risk of exercise addiction. Still, the inclusion of previously omitted determinants could make it more useful. Therefore, this review presents the expanded version of the original model.

Method

We added ‘self-concept’ as another determinant in the ‘personal factors’ domain and ‘attractive alternatives’ to the ‘situational factors’ domain. Further, we doubled the reasons for exercise in the ‘incentives for exercise domain.’ Last, we added a new domain, the ‘exercise-related stressors,’ to illustrate that exercise itself might be a source of stress.

Results

The expanded model is more inclusive and accounts for a greater combination of interactions playing roles in exercise addiction. Overlooking the eventuality that stress resulting from exercise might also fuel the dysfunction was a significant omission from the original model, rectified in the current update. Finally, the new expansions make the model more applicable to competitive situations too

Conclusion

The expanded interactional model of exercise addiction is more comprehensive than its original version. It also accounts for the exercise or sport-related stress as possible fuel in addictive exercise behavior.
Libre movilidad y proliferación de las fronteras: Dos caras en las historias de movilidad del pueblo Wayúu en la frontera Colombo-Venezolana de la Guajira
Authors: Consuegra Ascanio Adriana Del Carmen
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo tiene como principal propósito presentar un análisis acerca de la movilidad transfronteriza como práctica fundamental dentro del conjunto de estrategias de sostenimiento y defensa de la vida desplegadas por este pueblo originario, así como de la proliferación de fronteras simbólicas que tienen como contexto territorial e histórico las fronteras políticas establecidas por los estados-nación. A través de un ejercicio de investigación cualitativa, alimentado por la observación y la realización de entrevistas fue posible identificar los cambios en la movilidad que se presentan en este momento puntual de la debacle política, económica y social en Venezuela, los cuales se manifiestan en una relativa inmovilidad de productos y de personas y en la migración y procesos de retorno de algunas/os Wayúu en el territorio colombiano. Igualmente, se logró también entender la proliferación de múltiples fronteras que aparecen debido a la convergencia de diversos actores y estrategias productivas y reproductivas de la vida.
The Effect of Resistance Exercise on Myocardial Inflammatory Cytokines and ERK1/2 Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kim Moon-Ju , Kim Kyeong-Lae , An Min-Ji
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance ladder exercise on myocardial inflammatory cytokines and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 expression in type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS: A total of 21 8-week-old male Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) and Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were divided into three groups: LETO group (CON, n=7), OLETF group (DM, n=7), and resistance exercise group (DM+EXE, n=7). Resistance exercise referred to a climbing exercise on a slope. The rats performed this exercise 3 full d per week, for 8 week. The expression of myocardial inflammatory cytokines and ERK1/2 was analyzed via western blotting after 8 week of exercise intervention.RESULTS: After 8 weeks of resistance exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes, the production of anti-inflammatory factor Interleukin (IL)-10 in the myocardium increased. This inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. However, resistance exercise did not affect the expression of ERK1 and ERK2, which are apoptosis regulatory proteins.CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetes, resistance exercise is thought to be effective in reducing inflammatory factors by mediating cytokines. Although the effects of resistance ladder exercise were confirmed, further studies on a variety of exercise types and intensities should be conducted to prevent and improve the conditions of those with diabetes.
The Effects of Habitual Aquatic Walking on Arterial Stiffness and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross‑Sectional Study
Authors: Son Won-Mok , Park Jung-Jun
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: Menopause is associated with increased carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness, which is an independent marker of cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to investigate the cfPWV, blood pressure, and body composition with habitual exercise for at least 1 year in postmenopausal women performing habitual aquatic walking versus age-matched sedentary postmenopausal and premenopausal women.METHODS: A total of 115 postmenopausal and premenopausal women were divided into the following groups: (1) postmenopausal women performing habitual aquatic walking (HAW; n=57), (2) sedentary postmenopausal women (SPO; n=41), and (3) sedentary premenopausal women (SPR, n=17). The HAW group participated 3 days per week, 60 minutes per day, for at least 1 year, whereas the SPO and SPR groups performed no regular exercise, for less than 2 days per week, 30 minutes per day, for at least 1 year. The cfPWV, BP, and body composition were assessed in all groups.RESULTS: The cfPWV (p<.05), augmentation pressure (p<.05), and DBP were significantly lower in the SPR group than in the SPO group. AIx@75, BMI, %BF, and SBP were significantly lower in the SPR group than in the SPO and HAW groups. Lean body mass was higher in the SPR group than in the SPO and HAW groups (p<.05). The cfPWV, AP, AIx@75, SBP, and %BF were lower in the HAW group than in the SPO group (p<.05). Furthermore, the cfPWV was significantly correlated with aging and SBP.CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study indicates that sedentary postmenopausal women may be at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than postmenopausal women who participate in habitual aquatic walking.
Effect of Endurance Exercise and MitoQ Intake on Tau Hyperphosphorylation, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Modulating Factors, Mitochondrial Function, and Cognitive Function in Alcl3-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Animal Model
Authors: Jeong Jin-Hue , Choi Dong-Hun , Lee Jeong-Kook , Cho Joon-Yong
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance exercise and MitoQ intake on tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, antioxidant modulating factors, mitochondrial function, and cognitive function in an AlCl3-induced Alzheimer’s disease animal model.METHODS: For the experimental animals, 40 mg/kg of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was diluted with physiological saline for 60 days and intraperitoneally injected to create an Alzheimer’s disease animal model. In addition, endurance exercise was performed at a speed of 12 m/min using a treadmill for laboratory animals for 8 weeks, and MitoQ was applied with a 100 μm concentration of negative water. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: a saline control group (NC, n=6), an AlCl3 injection group (AC, n=6), an AlCl3 injection and treadmill exercise group (AE, n=6), an AlCl3 injection and MitoQ group (AM, n=6), and an AlCl3 injection and treadmill exercise and MitoQ intake group (AEM, n=6). The SPSS program was used for statistical analyses. Differences between the groups in each variable were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA.RESULTS: Endurance exercise and MitoQ intake for 8 weeks showed positive results in cognitive function and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation in the animal model with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, they reduced oxidative stress (4-HNE, MDA) and had a positive effect on antioxidant indicators (catalase, SOD-1, SOD-2). Finally, they exhibited a positive effect on factors related to mitochondrial function (PGC-1, Tfam).CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of endurance exercise and MitoQ intake are thought to have a positive effect in alleviating Alzheimer’s disease in terms of improving cognitive function through AlCl3 accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, antioxidant modulating factors, and mitochondrial function.
Formalization of the semantic structure of the text in the conditions of digital communication
Authors: Baranova Olga
Published: September 2021

The questions of the principles of teaching, the choice of effective methods and techniques of textual activity, as well as a deep understanding of the nature of communication do not lose their relevance and determine the content of the study of variable and mandatory academic disciplines. It is obvious that continuity between the stages of education, integration horizontally and vertically (in sync with the current transformations and the diachrony of historical experience), are necessary for effective learning. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to analyze the ways of representing text material, modern means of structuring information. Special attention is paid to the methods of taking notes of the read and listened text and methods of explaining new material using graphs and grammatical constructions, which are effective in the conditions of digital communication.
The hypothesis of the study: organized communication in synchronous, asynchronous, including voice format will be more effective if you use secondary texts (summaries) and visual aids (graphs) to identify the semantic framework of the text and understand the content of the primary source.
The article proposed by the author reflects the works of N. I. Zhinkin, I. A. Zimnaya, A. A. Leontiev, A. I. Novikov, V. P. Pavlova, I. V. Usacheva. As a result of the research, the author defines the principles of teaching information processing of the text. It is proved that semantic reading and listening of the educational text using the methods of text formalization contribute to the development of language skills (phonetic, lexical, grammatical), general academic listening and reading skills (analytical, periphrastic, prognostic and compensatory). The research conducted within the framework of this article allows us to conclude that the interdisciplinary orientation of text analysis is largely due to the transition of the educational process to digital forms of communication.
Interações entre adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, meta pressórica e depressão em hipertensos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Soares Marina Mendes , Guedes Gilvan Ramalho , Rodrigues Suely Maria , Dias Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa de que forma ocorre a interação entre adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, meta pressórica e depressão em uma amostra probabilística de hipertensos assistidos pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família, de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 641 hipertensos de 40 anos e mais, residentes na zona urbana do município. Foram utilizados roteiros estruturados para a coleta de dados em entrevistas domiciliares, com foco nos indicadores: Medication Assessment Questionnaire (MAQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) e aferição da pressão arterial. Devido à simultaneidade dos eventos analisados (depressão, meta pressórica e adesão), aplicou-se um sistema de equações não lineares recursivas e simultâneas. Os resultados sugerem que a chance de estar na meta pressórica aumenta significativamente com a adesão ao tratamento; também sugerem que indivíduos que estão na meta pressórica apresentam uma chance 2,6 vezes maior de adesão ao tratamento. A adesão possui efeito protetor sobre a depressão: indivíduos com adesão mínima possuem chances 8,4 vezes maiores de desenvolver sintomas depressivos quando comparados aos de máxima adesão. A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso está relacionada simultaneamente ao controle da pressão arterial e a menores níveis de depressão. Promover a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso é essencial para garantir que os indivíduos se mantenham normotensos, com potencial de redução nos níveis de depressão. Essas externalidades positivas podem reduzir a pressão sobre o sistema de saúde, com ganhos simultâneos na qualidade de vida dos hipertensos.
Financial distress/well-being and living situation in Ecuadorian health workers
Authors: Lobos Germán , Schnettler Berta , Lapo Carmen , Núñez María , Vera Laura
Published: September 2021

The tendency to live alone is a relatively recent phenomenon in Ecuador, but it is expanding rapidly. This study aims to identify factors associated with financial distress/well-being according to living situation (living alone vs. living with a partner) in Ecuadorian health workers. This study examined the construct of financial distress/well-being in a sample of 800 Ecuadorian health workers using cross-sectional data. Living situation was compared using generalized linear model analyses including income, age, children living at home, self-perception of health, depression, anxiety and stress, perceived social support, positive mental health, and hedonistic and austere profiles. Regarding financial well-being, workers living alone ranked lower and workers living with a partner ranked higher. In workers living alone the main sources of financial distress/well-being were income, children living at home, perceived social support, positive mental health, and hedonistic attitude towards indebtedness. In workers living with a partner the main sources of financial distress/well-being were income, age, self-perception of health, depression, anxiety and stress, perceived social support, positive mental health, and austere attitude towards indebtedness. Based on our results, we discuss potential public policy interventions that can be used to improve workers’ financial well-being.
Contribuições da análise de embalagens de cigarros descartadas nos resíduos domiciliares do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, para estimativa de mercado ilegal
Authors: Machado Alessandra Trindade , Iglesias Roberto Magno , Mendes Felipe Lacerda , Martins Luís Felipe Leite , Teixeira Ana Paula Leal , Cavalcante Tânia Maria , Conde André Luiz Ferreira Menescal , Cordeiro Sérgio de Oliveira , Cardoso Andréa Ramalho Reis , Almeida Liz Maria de , Szklo André Salem
Published: September 2021

Resumo: O comércio ilícito de produtos de tabaco, ao possibilitar acesso a cigarros mais baratos, favorece a iniciação do tabagismo e dificulta sua cessação, minimizando os efeitos da política de preços e impostos sobre a redução da demanda por tabaco, sobretudo entre populações de menor renda e escolaridade, onde se concentra o tabagismo. Seu enfrentamento requer ações multissetoriais, alinhadas à Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco da Organização Mundial da Saúde e seus protocolos, e respaldadas em estimativas de sua magnitude e na análise de suas características. O estudo pretende analisar, por meio de amostras de resíduos sólidos domiciliares coletados em 2018 no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, a conformidade das embalagens de cigarros descartadas com critérios para a sua comercialização regular no país, classificando-as como legais ou ilegais. A avaliação foi feita também para as 15 Áreas de Planejamento (AP) do município. Escolheu-se o Índice de Desenvolvimento Social (IDS) para representar as heterogeneidades entre as AP. O percentual médio de embalagens de cigarros ilegais encontrado foi de 26,79%, variando de 3,36% a 46,29% entre as AP. As AP com alta ilegalidade apresentavam menores IDS e menores percentuais de embalagens de cigarros legais com preço igual ou superior a R$ 7,25. Dentre as embalagens ilegais, 98,07% apresentavam o Paraguai como país fabricante. O estudo contribui metodologicamente para dimensionar o consumo de cigarros ilegais na segunda capital econômica do Brasil, subsidiando a Política Nacional de Controle do Tabaco no combate ao comércio ilícito de produtos de tabaco e na efetiva implementação da política de preços e impostos sobre estes produtos.
Mycoviruses infecting Colletotrichum spp.: A comprehensive review
Authors: Casas L. L. , Azevedo J. L. , Almeida L. N. , Costa-Neto P. Q. , Bianco R. A. , Pereira J. O.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Colletotrichum is one of the most economically important fungal genera, which affects a wide range of hosts, specifically tropical and subtropical crops. Thus far, there have been several records of mycovirus infection in Colletotrichum spp., primarily by viruses of the Partitiviridae family. There have also been records of infections by mycoviruses of the Chrysoviridae family. Mycoviruses are (+)ssRNA and dsRNA genome viruses, which may or may not be enveloped. To date, no mycovirus with a DNA genome has been isolated from Colletotrichum spp. Typically, mycoviruses cause latent infections, although hypo- and hypervirulence have also been reported in Colletotrichum spp. In addition to its effects on pathogenic behavior, mycovirus infection can lead to important physiological changes, such as altered morphological characteristics, reduced vegetative growth, and suppressed conidia production. Therefore, research on mycoviruses infecting phytopathogenic fungi can help develop alternative methods to chemical control, which can cause irreversible damage to humans and the environment. From an agricultural perspective, mycoviruses can contribute to sustainable agriculture as biological control agents via changes in fungal physiology, ultimately resulting in the total loss of or reduction in the virulence of these pathogens.
Saliência, relevância e determinância da carne bovina para os consumidores de Dracena (SP): uma nova abordagem metodológica
Authors: Groot Etiénne , Henrique Ródney Lúcio Pinheiro
Published: September 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a saliência, a relevância e a determinância da carne bovina para os consumidores de Dracena (SP), por meio de dois métodos de mensuração. A saliência foi determinada pelo método de elicitação livre (EL), a relevância e a determinância foram calculadas pelo modelo multinomial logit, com dados de um experimento de escolha discreta de melhor-pior (EEDMP) do caso 2. Para comparar as determinâncias, as preferências também foram estimadas empregando-se o modelo Probit, mediante declarações de intenções de compra de carne bovina. No momento da compra, o atributo mais saliente é a cor da carne, ao passo que o sabor e a textura são os atributos mais salientes durante o consumo. Resultados mostram ainda discrepâncias entre a determinância obtida pelo EEDMP e pelas intenções de compra. As preferências expressadas pelas intenções de compra se aproximam mais da literatura especializada, o que indica que a carne saborosa, macia e vermelha brilhante é a mais apreciada entre os consumidores. Ainda é prematuro fazer recomendações do uso concatenado da EL e do EEDMP para estimar as três dimensões das características de um produto, como a carne bovina.
LEVANTAMENTO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE PARASITÓIDES DE DÍPTEROS MINADORES EM PLANTAS DE CRESCIMENTO ESPONTÂNEO EM POMAR ORGÂNICO DE CITROS EM MONTENEGRO, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Santos J.P. dos , Dal Soglio F.K. , Redaelli L.R. , Foelkel E.
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivos realizar o levantamento e a identificação dos parasitóides associados aos dípteros minadores presentes na vegetação de crescimento espontâneo, em pomar orgânico de citros, e verificar se estes parasitóides são os mesmos relatados para o minador-dasfolhas-dos-citros (Phyllocnistis citrella). O trabalho foi conduzido em Montenegro, RS, em um pomar de tangoreiro Murcott. Realizaram-se amostragens quinzenais, de maio de 2003 a maio de 2004, coletando-se em cada ocasião 60 unidades de amostra. Cada unidade era constituída de todas as folhas com minas contidas na área delimitada por um aro de 0,28 m2, que era jogado na linha e na entrelinha de 30 árvores sorteadas.No laboratório as folhas foram mantidas, individualmente, em placas de Petri até a emergência dos parasitóides ou das moscas. Foram registradas 15 espécies de microimenópteros: sete de Eulophidae (Closterocerus coffeellae Ihering, Closterocerus sp., Chrysocharis tristis Hansson, Chrysocharis vonones Walker, Chrysocharis sp. 1, Chrysocharis sp. 2 e Neochrysocharis sp.), sete de Braconidae (Opius sp. 1, Opius sp. 2, Opius sp. 3, Opius sp. 4, Opius sp. 5, Centistidea sp. 1, Centistidea sp. 2) e uma de Figitidae, (Agrostocynips clavatus, Díaz). De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se que algumas espécies registradas no estudo pertencentes aos gêneros Closterocerus, Chrysocharis e Neochrysocharis são relatadas como parasitóides de P. citrella.
Association between health behaviors and depression: findings from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey
Authors: Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Medina Lhais de Paula Barbosa , Lima Margareth Guimarães , Azevedo Renata Cruz Soares de , Sousa Neuciani Ferreira da Silva , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of depression with various health behaviors and to verify if they differ according to gender or income. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data of 65,803 Brazilian adults (18–59 years old) interviewed in the National Health Survey, conducted in 2019. Presence or absence of depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. The prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and food indicators were estimated according to the presence of depression. Stratified analyses were made according to sex and income, and prevalence ratios were estimated using the Poisson Regression. Results: We found a significant association between depression and all indicators studied, except occasional alcohol consumption. Depression was associated with heavy episodic drinking and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables only in women. In men, the associations of depression with sedentary lifestyle and with being a former smoker were stronger than in women. The occasional consumption of alcohol was more prevalent only in men without depression. The analysis stratified by income showed that the association of depression with physical inactivity is stronger in the higher-income group, while with heavy episodic drinking is only significant in the lower-income stratum. Conclusion: The results point to the need to consider mental health in programs aimed at reducing harmful health behaviors and the specificity of sociodemographic groups.
Factors associated with cardiovascular disease in the Brazilian adult population: National Health Survey, 2019
Authors: Gomes Crizian Saar , Gonçalves Renata Patrícia Fonseca , Silva Alanna Gomes da , Sá Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de , Alves Francielle Thalita Almeida , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence and investigate the sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors associated with the self-reported diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in the adult Brazilian population. Methods: Data from the National Health Survey (PNS 2019) were analyzed. The presence of CVD was self-reported through the question: “Has any doctor ever given you a diagnosis of heart disease?”. Sociodemographic factors, health conditions, and lifestyle were evaluated. For data analysis, Poisson Regression with robust variance was used. Results: 5.3% (95%CI 5.04–5.57) of Brazilian adults reported CVD, of which, 29.08% (95%CI 27.04–31.21) underwent coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty and 8.26% (95%CI 7.09–9.6) reported severe limitation in usual activities due to CVD. The factors associated with CVD were advanced age; being male; white race/color; complete middle school and incomplete high school education; have health insurance; self-assessing health as regular or bad/very bad; self-reported hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes; being a former smoker; consuming fruits and vegetables as recommended; not consuming alcohol in excess; and not practicing leisure-time physical activity. Conclusions: CVD is associated with sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors. It is important to support public policies, programs, and goals for the reduction of cardiovascular diseases in Brazil, especially in the most vulnerable groups.
SELECTION AMONG SEGREGATING PEPPER PROGENIES WITH ORNAMENTAL POTENTIAL USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES
Authors: CARVALHO MICHELLE GONÇALVES DE , RÊGO ELIZANILDA RAMALHO DO , COSTA MARIA DO PERPETUO SOCORRO DAMASCENO , PESSOA ANGELA MARIA DOS SANTOS , RÊGO MAILSON MONTEIRO DO
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Peppers belong to the family Solanaceae and can be used for several different purposes. The use of morphological descriptors associated with multivariate techniques allows identifying pepper progenies that can be recommended for ornamental purposes. This study aimed to select segregating Capsicum annum progenies based on multivariate analyses. The study was conducted in a plant nursery at the Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Sector of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba (CCA/UFPB). Twenty F3 progenies of ornamental peppers were used, namely: UFPB 5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 22, 25, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 49, 56, 60, 62, 64, 69, 75, and 77, plus four additional controls consisting of the parents UFPB 77.3 and UFPB137 and two commercial cultivars, Etna and Pirâmide. Seventeen plant and fruit traits were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized. The data were subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance. All analyses were performed with the software R, version 3.0.3. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance highlighted significant differences between the populations of ornamental peppers. Singh’s (1981) method made it possible to determine that eleven of the seventeen traits studied contributed with 73.7% of the genetic divergence, whereas six traits contributed with only 21.2%. There is genetic diversity among the evaluated progenies. Progenies 5, 10, 22, 33, 49, and 69 are recommended for selection for having ornamental traits for in-pot cultivation. Selection within these progenies is recommended to continue the breeding program of ornamental peppers for in-pot cultivation.
REUSE OF SUBSTRATE IN THE PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF MUSKMELON
Authors: VARGAS PABLO FORLAN , CARDOSO ATALITA FRANCIS , CHARLO HAMILTON CÉSAR DE OLIVIERA , CASTOLDI RENATA , BRAZ LEILA TREVISAN
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Melon is a vegetable of great socioeconomic importance, and its cultivation is carried out under different production systems. The protected cultivation of melon can be carried out in coconut shell fiber, which is a substrate widely used in olericulture, but little information is available regarding its continuous use in more than one cultivation cycle. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of muskmelon hybrids as a function of the reuse of coconut shell fiber with fertigation in a protected environment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from March to July 2008 and designed in randomized blocks in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The factors consisted of two hybrids (‘Bonus 2’ and ‘Fantasy’) and three types of substrate (S1: new coconut shell fiber; S2: coconut shell fiber reused once in sweet pepper cultivation; and S3: coconut shell fiber reused twice, i.e., first in sweet pepper cultivation and then in melon cultivation). Transverse and longitudinal fruit diameter, fruit shape index, transverse and longitudinal locule diameter, locule shape index, peduncle insertion diameter, mesocarp thickness, firmness, skin netting, fresh mass, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and yield were evaluated after harvest. Reusing twice the coconut shell fiber as a substrate did not affect the agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of the hybrids Bonus 2 and Fantasy.
GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG MANGO HYBRIDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION1
Authors: CARVALHO JÚNIOR JOSÉ EDUARDO VASCONCELOS DE , MATOS FILHO CARLOS HUMBERTO AIRES , GOMES REGINA LUCIA FERREIRA , LOPES ÂNGELA CÉLIA DE ALMEIDA , LIMA MARIA AUXILIADORA COELHO DE , LIMA NETO FRANCISCO PINHEIRO
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate mango hybrids obtained by open pollination based on the physical and chemical traits of the fruit, and to analyze the genetic diversity among these hybrids to find plants that produce quality fruit both for direct consumption and for industrial processing. The hybrids under study were generated from seeds produced from crosses with unknown genotypes as a result of open pollination. The unknown genotypes were randomly scattered in areas dedicated to growing a Tommy Atkins variety, and plants were obtained from mango seeds generated through sexual propagation. To assess genetic diversity, cluster analysis was carried out, as well as principal component analysis. Two hybrids were most prominent in terms of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, pulp weight, and pulp yield, with mean values greater than 245 g for pulp weight and 70% for pulp yield. Regarding fiber content in the pulp, six hybrids had a score of "2", that is, moderately fibrous fruit. For acidity and soluble solids content, the hybrids exhibited variations from 0.19 to 1.06% of citric acid and from 13.1 to 20.6 ºBrix, respectively. For peel color, tones ranging from reddish orange to yellow and green were observed. As for pulp color, there was variation from orange to light yellow tones. There was variability among the mango hybrids regarding the fruit traits analyzed, and hybrids that produce fruit that combine traits of economic interest were identified.
Pensar, sentir e agir de profissionais que atuam com gestantes e mães com bebês no sistema prisional
Authors: Pereira Tatiane Guimarães , Reis Alberto Olavo Advíncula , Zioni Fabiola
Published: September 2021

Resumo Introdução: a maternidade no contexto prisional assume especial complexidade devido aos efeitos psicossociais do aprisionamento, que repercutem nas mães prisioneiras e nos profissionais que atuam no meio. Objetivo: identificar formas de pensar, sentir e agir de profissionais que trabalham em contexto prisional com prisioneiras gestantes e com bebês. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, com uso de entrevistas com profissionais que atuavam em unidades prisionais materno-infantis do estado de São Paulo. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em 2015. Os discursos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo com categorização temática. Utilizou-se Winnicott e Krech como referenciais teóricos. Resultados: a análise dos discursos revelou que os profissionais precisam lidar com as limitações institucionais e as vulnerabilidades sociais das presas. Nesse contexto, atuam com base em ideias fundamentadas nas áreas em que trabalham, como as esferas sociais, jurídicas e religiosas, e são movidos por ideais contraditórios, pautados pelos direitos humanos e pela rigidez prisional da segurança, próxima da lógica da punição. Reuniões multiprofissionais para reflexões críticas potencializam o enfrentamento das adversidades. Conclusão: o compartilhamento coletivo de impotências e de potencialidades parece possibilitar novas reconfigurações do trabalho e edificar uma atuação interdisciplinar para o enfrentamento dos efeitos institucionais e psicossociais do aprisionamento.
Precarização e acidentes de trabalho: os riscos da terceirização no setor elétrico
Authors: Lima Maria Elizabeth Antunes , Oliveira Rodrigo Castro
Published: September 2021

Resumo Introdução: o trabalho terceirizado no setor elétrico tem peculiaridades que demandam consideração no que concerne à segurança dos trabalhadores. Objetivo: analisar os impactos da terceirização na precarização do trabalho e na segurança dos trabalhadores do setor de distribuição de energia elétrica. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, realizado em três etapas: pesquisa documental, entrevistas em profundidade e análise de um caso de acidente fatal. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo para exploração do material levantado, tratamento e interpretação dos dados. Resultados: identificou-se que fatores como jornada de trabalho extensa, baixos salários, más condições de trabalho, equipes reduzidas e falta de supervisão são importantes para caracterizar a precariedade que coloca em risco a integridade física e mental dos trabalhadores terceirizados. Também foi observado que, apesar da periculosidade desse tipo de atividade, não se pratica o direito reservado a todo assalariado de se recusar a fazer um trabalho que coloque a sua vida em risco. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que a terceirização no setor elétrico representa aumento do risco de ocorrência de acidentes graves e aprofunda desigualdades em razão das diferenças entre o tratamento oferecido aos terceirizados e o reservado aos empregados da empresa primária.