bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Profiles Point Out Metabolic Pathways Pivotal in Two Glioblastoma (GBM) Cell Lines, U251 and U-87MG
Authors: Martins Filipa , van der Kellen David , Gonçalves Luís G. , Serpa Jacinta
Published: July 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal central nervous system (CNS) tumor, mainly due to its high heterogeneity, invasiveness, and proliferation rate. These tumors remain a therapeutic challenge, and there are still some gaps in the GBM biology literature. Despite the significant amount of knowledge produced by research on cancer metabolism, its implementation in cancer treatment has been limited. In this study, we explored transcriptomics data from the TCGA database to provide new insights for future definition of metabolism-related patterns useful for clinical applications. Moreover, we investigated the impact of key metabolites (glucose, lactate, glutamine, and glutamate) in the gene expression and metabolic profile of two GBM cell lines, U251 and U-87MG, together with the impact of these organic compounds on malignancy cell features. GBM cell lines were able to adapt to the exposure to each tested organic compound. Both cell lines fulfilled glycolysis in the presence of glucose and were able to produce and consume lactate. Glutamine dependency was also highlighted, and glutamine and glutamate availability favored biosynthesis observed by the increase in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid (FA) synthesis. These findings are relevant and point out metabolic pathways to be targeted in GBM and also reinforce that patients’ metabolic profiling can be useful in terms of personalized medicine.
Instrumental Flirting: An Exploration of Charm in Decision-Making Groups
Authors: Henningsen David , Henningsen Mary Lynn Miller
Published: July 2023

The scholarship on flirting as a persuasive tactic in the workplace indicates that flirting can have negative consequences for task groups. The goal of this study was to extend the investigation of instrumental flirting by operationalizing this form of flirting as charm and by examining the consequences of charm in decision-making groups for the individual group members. In the current study, participants (60 women, 60 men) made decisions in four-person, mixed sex groups. The results of the study demonstrate that the use of charm was negatively associated with perceptions of group member task competence. Differences in perceptions of charm were also examined.
Fluorescent Quantum Dots and Its Composites for Highly Sensitive Detection of Heavy Metal Ions and Pesticide Residues: A Review
Authors: Wang Zhezhe , Yao Bo , Xiao Yawei , Tian Xu , Wang Yude
Published: July 2023

Quantum dots nanomaterials have attracted extensive interest for fluorescence chemical sensors due their attributes, such as excellent optical characteristics, quantum size effects, interface effects, etc. Moreover, the fluorescence properties of quantum dots can be adjusted by changing their structure, size, morphology, composition, doping, and surface modification. In recent years, quantum dots nanomaterials have been considered the preferred sensing materials for the detection of heavy metal ions and pesticide residues by the interactions between quantum dots and various analytes, showing excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and interference, as well as reducing the cost of equipment compared with traditional measurement methods. In this review, the applications and sensing mechanisms of semiconductor quantum dots and carbon-based quantum dots are comprehensively discussed. The application of semiconductor quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, and their nanocomposites that are utilized as fluorescence sensors are discussed in detailed, and the properties of various quantum dots for heavy metal ion and pesticide residue determination are also presented. The recent advances in and application perspectives regarding quantum dots and their composites are also summarized.
Role of Valganciclovir in Children with Congenital CMV Infection: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Pata Davide , Buonsenso Danilo , Turriziani-Colonna Arianna , Salerno Gilda , Scarlato Lucia , Colussi Lara , Ulloa-Gutierrez Rolando , Valentini Piero
Published: July 2023

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common agent of congenital infection in humans. It is a main cause of neurodevelopmental delay and sensorineural hearing loss in infancy. Since the 2000s, a number of studies have used Valganciclovir as a therapy for children with congenital CMV infection. Methods: In order to evaluate the efficacy of Valganciclovir in preventing clinical sequelae and its possible side effects, we performed a review of the published literature. This search was completed via PubMed for manuscripts published from January 2007 to December 2021, combining the MeSH words “Valganciclovir”, “Congenital”, and “Cytomegalovirus”. Results: A total of 27 articles were included (12 retrospective studies, 4 prospective studies, 1 randomized controlled trial, and 10 case reports). The clinical features were similar to those already described in the literature. The therapeutic protocols used were very different between the various studies included and neonatal antiviral treatments were only moderately effective. The therapy proved to be well-tolerated. Conclusions: The quality of the included studies and the sample size were limited due to the rarity of the disease. The use of different therapeutic protocols in terms of starting dates, doses, and durations made it impossible to compare and correctly evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the correct effective dose with the fewest side effects and the most efficient duration of therapy.
Evaluation of the 3DVAR Operational Implementation of the Colombian Air Force for Aircraft Operations: A Case Study
Authors: Hinestroza-Ramirez Jhon Edinson , Soto Barbosa Juan Ernesto , Yarce Botero Andrés , Suárez Higuita Danilo Andrés , Lopez-Restrepo Santiago , Cruz Ruiz Lisseth Milena , Sólorzano Araque Valeria , Céspedes Andres , Lorduy Hernandez Sara , Caceres Richard , Jiménez-Sánchez Giovanni , Quintero Olga Lucia
Published: July 2023

This manuscript introduces an exploratory case study of the SIMFAC’s (Sistema de Información Meteorológica de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana) operational implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a 3DVAR (three-dimensional variational) data assimilation scheme that provides meteorological information for military, public, and private aviation. In particular, it investigates whether the assimilation scheme in SIMFAC’s implementation improves the prediction of the variables of interest compared to the implementation without data assimilation (CTRL). Consequently, this study compares SIMFAC’S 3DVAR-WRF operational implementation in Colombia with a CTRL with the same parameterization (without 3DVAR assimilation) against the ground and satellite observations in two operational forecast windows. The simulations are as long as an operational run, and the evaluation is performed using the root mean square error, the mean fractional bias, the percent bias, the correlation factor, and metrics based on contingency tables. It also evaluates the model’s results according to the regions of Colombia, accounting for the country’s topographical differences. The findings reveal that, in general, the operational forecast (3DVAR) is similar to the CTRL without data assimilation, indicating the need for further improvement of the 3DVAR-WRF implementation.
Effects of Wood Distillate (Pyroligneous Acid) on the Yield Parameters and Mineral Composition of Three Leguminous Crops
Authors: Carril Pablo , Bianchi Elisabetta , Cicchi Costanza , Coppi Andrea , Dainelli Marco , Gonnelli Cristina , Loppi Stefano , Pazzagli Luigia , Colzi Ilaria
Published: July 2023

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is increasing the demand for novel products to improve the quality of crops in a more sustainable way. Wood distillate (WD, pyroligneous acid) is a by-product obtained during the pyrolysis of plant biomass that can be successfully applied in agriculture due to its ability to enhance the growth, size, and weight of edible plant parts. However, there is little information concerning its plant yield-promoting effects on leguminous crops. The present work investigated the effects of WD on the yield, protein content and mineral composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown in field conditions. The application of WD showed remarkable yield-promoting effects mostly in lentil plants, which significantly increased plant and shoot biomass, the number and weight of both pods and seeds, as well as the total seed protein content. Furthermore, seeds from WD-treated plants differentially increased the concentration of elements with high nutritional value for human health, including Fe, Ca, Mg and K. These results suggest that the effects of WD among the legumes tested are species-specific and that WD could be an optimal candidate to grow high-yielding legumes with improved seed nutritional quality.
Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Brine-Preserved Ready-to-Eat Shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during Chilled Storage
Authors: Wu Yingru , Du Qi , Liao Yueqin , Shui Shanshan , Pang Jie , Benjakul Soottawat , Zhang Bin
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to explore the changes in the quality of ready-to-eat peeled shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during chilled storage. The cooked shrimp were soaked in hermetically sealed jars, which were treated by three soaking methods: distilled water; 4% NaCl solution; and 4% NaCl, 0.34% citric acid, 4.23% trehalose, and 0.04% VC solution (defined as the control, experimental 1 (E1), and experimental 2 (E2) groups, respectively). The shelf-life of the E2 group was 20 days longer than that of the control group. Sensory scores, color, and textural results confirmed the E2 group exhibited better sensory scores and color, and the degradation of the physical structure of shrimp muscle was delayed during chilled storage. In addition, the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable count (TVC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of shrimp muscle in each group all showed an increasing trend, but these values were significantly lower in the E2 group than those in the control and E1 groups during chilled storage. The results of gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) and principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the three groups of RTE shrimp muscle changed, but small changes in VOCs were observed in E2 during chilled storage. These results provide new ideas and references for peeled shrimp product development and quality assurance technology.
Can Artificial Intelligence Accelerate Fluid Mechanics Research?
Authors: Drikakis Dimitris , Sofos Filippos
Published: July 2023

The significant growth of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has opened opportunities for fluid dynamics and its applications in science, engineering and medicine. Developing AI methods for fluid dynamics encompass different challenges than applications with massive data, such as the Internet of Things. For many scientific, engineering and biomedical problems, the data are not massive, which poses limitations and algorithmic challenges. This paper reviews ML and DL research for fluid dynamics, presents algorithmic challenges and discusses potential future directions.
Determination of Multimycotoxin in Cereal-Based Products Sold in Open-Air Markets
Authors: Yilmaz Eker Funda , Muratoglu Karlo , Ozturk Muhsin , Cetin Bayram , Buyukunal Serkan Kemal
Published: July 2023

In this study, a total of 140 cereal-based foods sold in temporary open-air markets were analyzed by LC-MS/MS for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, citrinin (CIT), HT-2, and T-2 toxins. Breakfast cereals (n:27), cornmeal (n:41), extruded maize (n:32), and oatmeal (n:40) purchased from these alternative shopping areas created to meet the food needs of low-income people in the suburbs formed the sample set of the study. These foods, which are sold in areas that are out of legal control and greatly affected by external environmental conditions, are more open to health risks. Mycotoxins, chemicals of a biological origin, are some of the most important of these risks. In terms of public health, it is important to investigate the presence of mycotoxins in foods, which can cause acute and chronic diseases such as immunosuppression, genotoxic, estrogenic, teratogenic effect, cancer, and liver and kidney dysfunctions. Grain-based foods are often contaminated with a large number of mycotoxins, but legal regulations have not been prepared that consider the health risks associated with the co-existence of mycotoxins. Many of the studies have focused on the presence of a single mycotoxin and the risks it poses. As a result, aflatoxin B1 levels in 28.57% of the samples and total aflatoxin (B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) levels in 26.43% of the samples were determined to exceed the limits defined in the “Turkish Food Codex Contaminants Regulation”. Citrinin could not be detected in any of the samples. The rate of mycotoxin occurrences above the limit of detection (LOD) in grain-based food samples ranged from 22.86% to 99.29%. Total aflatoxin (TAF) + Total Fumonisin (FUM) were found in 83.57% of the samples; TAF + FUM + OTA in 82.14%; TAF + FUM + OTA + T-2 in 44.29%; TAF + FUM + OTA + DON + HT-2, TAF + FUM + OTA + DON + T-2, and TAF + FUM + OTA + DON + ZEN in 22.86% of the samples.
Time-Series Sensory Analysis Provided Important TI Parameters for Masking the Beany Flavor of Soymilk
Authors: Masuda Miyu , Terada Yuko , Tsuji Ryoki , Nakano Shogo , Ito Keisuke
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to provide a new perspective on the development of masking agents by examining the application of their time-series sensory profiles. The analysis of the relationship between 14 time-intensity (TI) parameters and the beany flavor masking ability of 100 flavoring materials indicate that the values of AreaInc, DurDec, and AreaDec, TI parameters related to the flavor release in the increasing and decreasing phases, were significantly higher in the top 10 masking score materials than in the bottom 10 materials. In addition to individual analysis, machine learning analysis, which can derive complex rules from large amounts of data, was performed. Machine learning-based principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the flavoring materials presented AreaInc and AreaDec as TI parameters contributing to the classification of flavor materials and their masking ability. AreaDec was suggested to be particularly important for the beany flavor masking in the two different analyses: an effective masking can be achieved by focusing on the TI profiles of flavor materials. This study proposed that time-series profiles, which are mainly used for the understanding of the sensory characteristics of foods, can be applied to the development of masking agents.
Current Application of Advancing Spectroscopy Techniques in Food Analysis: Data Handling with Chemometric Approaches
Authors: Kharbach Mourad , Alaoui Mansouri Mohammed , Taabouz Mohammed , Yu Huiwen
Published: July 2023

In today’s era of increased food consumption, consumers have become more demanding in terms of safety and the quality of products they consume. As a result, food authorities are closely monitoring the food industry to ensure that products meet the required standards of quality. The analysis of food properties encompasses various aspects, including chemical and physical descriptions, sensory assessments, authenticity, traceability, processing, crop production, storage conditions, and microbial and contaminant levels. Traditionally, the analysis of food properties has relied on conventional analytical techniques. However, these methods often involve destructive processes, which are laborious, time-consuming, expensive, and environmentally harmful. In contrast, advanced spectroscopic techniques offer a promising alternative. Spectroscopic methods such as hyperspectral and multispectral imaging, NMR, Raman, IR, UV, visible, fluorescence, and X-ray-based methods provide rapid, non-destructive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly means of food analysis. Nevertheless, interpreting spectroscopy data, whether in the form of signals (fingerprints) or images, can be complex without the assistance of statistical and innovative chemometric approaches. These approaches involve various steps such as pre-processing, exploratory analysis, variable selection, regression, classification, and data integration. They are essential for extracting relevant information and effectively handling the complexity of spectroscopic data. This review aims to address, discuss, and examine recent studies on advanced spectroscopic techniques and chemometric tools in the context of food product applications and analysis trends. Furthermore, it focuses on the practical aspects of spectral data handling, model construction, data interpretation, and the general utilization of statistical and chemometric methods for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. By exploring the advancements in spectroscopic techniques and their integration with chemometric tools, this review provides valuable insights into the potential applications and future directions of these analytical approaches in the food industry. It emphasizes the importance of efficient data handling, model development, and practical implementation of statistical and chemometric methods in the field of food analysis.
The Hypocholesterolemic Potential of the Edible Algae Fucus vesiculosus: Proteomic and Quantitative PCR Analysis
Authors: André Rebeca , Pacheco Rita , Alves Ana Catarina , Santos Hugo M. , Bourbon Mafalda , Serralheiro Maria Luísa
Published: July 2023

A brown seaweed consumed worldwide, Fucus vesiculosus, has been used to prevent atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, among other uses. However, the mechanisms of action that lead to these effects are not yet fully understood. This work aims to study the in vitro effect of an aqueous extract of F. vesiculosus, previously characterized as rich in phlorotannins and peptides, on the expression of different proteins involved in the synthesis and transport of cholesterol. A proteomic analysis, Western blot, and qRT-PCR analysis were performed to identify protein changes in HepG2 cells exposed to 0.25 mg/mL of the F. vesiculosus extract for 24 h. The proteomic results demonstrated that, in liver cells, the extract decreases the expression of four proteins involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis process (CYP51A1, DHCR24, HMGCS1 and HSD17B7). Additionally, a 12.76% and 18.40% decrease in the expression of two important transporters proteins of cholesterol, NPC1L1 and ABCG5, respectively, was also observed, as well as a 30% decrease in NPC1L1 mRNA levels in the cells exposed to the extract compared to control cells. Our study reveals some of the mechanisms underlying the actions of bioactive compounds from F. vesiculosus that may explain its previously reported hypocholesterolemic effect, future prospecting its use as a functional food.
Validation of a Method for Anacardic Acid Quantification in Cashew Peduncles via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to a Diode-Array Detector
Authors: Oiram Filho Francisco , Mitri Morgana Pereira , Zocolo Guilherme Julião , Canuto Kirley Marques , de Brito Edy Sousa
Published: July 2023

The cashew peduncle has a high nutritional value and contains a wide variety of phenolic compounds. Among these, anacardic acids (AnAc) are biologically active components; however, they influence the cashew juice flavor and, consequently, its acceptance. This study validates a high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying the AnAc present in cashew peduncles, using a C18 reverse-phase column and a diode-array detector. The calibration curve obtained showed satisfactory precision for intraday (CV = 0.20%) and interday (CV = 0.29%) quantification, linearity (y = 2333.5x + 2956.2; r2 = 0.9979), repeatability with respect to retention time (CV = 0.45%) and area (CV = 0.30%), and selectivity, and possessed detection and quantification limits of 0.18 and 0.85 µg·mL−1, respectively. Different cashew clones containing AnAc were extracted and analyzed using the proposed method. A recovery of >90% was achieved using two sequential extractions. The total AnAc content ranged from 128.35 to 217.00 mg·100 g−1 in peduncle samples obtained from five different cashew clones.
Dynamics of Powerful Radio Galaxies
Authors: Turner Ross , Shabala Stanislav
Published: July 2023

Analytical models describing the dynamics of lobed radio sources are essential for interpretation of the tens of millions of radio sources that will be observed by the Square Kilometre Array and pathfinder instruments. We propose that historical models can be grouped into two classes in which the forward expansion of the radio source is driven by either the jet momentum flux or lobe internal pressure. The most recent generation of analytical models combines these limiting cases for a more comprehensive description. We extend the mathematical formalism of historical models to describe source expansion in non-uniform environments, and directly compare different model classes with each other and with hydrodynamic numerical simulations. We quantify differences in predicted observable characteristics for lobed radio sources due to the different model assumptions for their dynamics. We have made our code for the historical models analysed in this review openly available to the community.
The Importance of the Kinematic Evaluation Methods of the Upper Limbs in Women with Breast Cancer Mastectomy: A Literature Review
Authors: Miguel-Andrés Israel , Huerta-Franco María Raquel , García-González Silvia Beatríz , León-Rodríguez Miguel , Barrera-Beltrán Karla , Ortiz-Lango Luis Angel
Published: July 2023

The kinematic assessment of the upper limbs in breast cancer (BC) survivors is one of the most common procedures to determine the recovery process after BC surgery. However, the methodology used is heterogeneous, finding various evaluation methods, which makes it difficult to compare results between studies. The objective of this review was to identify the technical features of the kinematic evaluation methods used in patients with mastectomy for BC. A literature review was conducted to search in electronic databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A total of 641 articles were obtained. After screening the title and the summary of the investigations, 20 manuscripts were kept for a deeper analysis. Different methodologies were found for the analysis of the kinematics of the upper limbs. Eight (40%) articles used the optoelectronic system, nine (45%) used the electromagnetic system, and three (15%) used other optoelectronic systems to assess shoulder kinematics. Each investigation studied different variables such as the type of surgery, the evaluation time, the age of the patients, the rehabilitation protocol, and so on. This makes the comparison among studies difficult, and the recovery process of the patients cannot be easily determined. In conclusion, the interpretation of the movement of the upper limbs should be easy to understand for oncologists, physiotherapists, clinicians, and researchers.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Correlation Coefficients between Nomophobia and Anxiety, Smartphone Addiction, and Insomnia Symptoms
Authors: Daraj Lateefa Rashed , AlGhareeb Muneera , Almutawa Yaser Mansoor , Trabelsi Khaled , Jahrami Haitham
Published: July 2023

Nomophobia is an emerging phenomenon in the 21st century. Consequently, it results in various health problems, both physical and psychological. The following systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the relationship between nomophobia with anxiety, smartphone addiction, and insomnia. To identify the relevant studies, we searched through several databases. Out of the 1523 studies identified, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. After conducting the statistical analysis, the results revealed that anxiety r = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.38), smartphone addiction r = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.75), and insomnia r = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.75) are positively associated with nomophobia. Mobile phone usage has become inevitable, even for individuals who use it to a lesser degree than others, to perform simple tasks, such as communicating with others or for educational purposes. It is crucial to raise awareness about the consequences of overusing these devices, including the physical and psychological complications in both the short and long terms.
Nutrient Solution Electrical Conductivity Affects Yield and Growth of Sub-Irrigated Tomatoes
Authors: Méndez-Cifuentes Ariel , Valdez-Aguilar Luis Alonso , Cadena-Zapata Martín , Alvarado-Camarillo Daniela , González-Fuentes José Antonio
Published: July 2023

Sub-irrigation of greenhouse crops has the potential to increase water and nutrient use efficiency; however, fertilizer salts that are not absorbed by the plants tend to accumulate in the substrate and eventually raise the substrate’s electrical conductivity (EC). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum EC of the nutrient solution in sub-irrigated tomatoes to allow maximum yield. Total fruit yield was higher in sub-irrigated plants with solutions at 2.0 dS m−1 (5105 g per plant), and it was comparable to that obtained for drip-irrigated plants (4903 g per plant); however, the yield of fruits from the second truss was 37% higher in sub-irrigated than in drip-irrigated plants when the EC was 2.0 dS m−1. In contrast, at the end of the growing season, the yield of plants sub-irrigated with nutrient solutions of 2.0 dS m−1 was the lowest, being surpassed by 37% by that of plants treated with 1.4 dS m−1. The dry weight of vegetative plant parts was reduced in sub-irrigated plants, suggesting a shift in dry mass partitioning. Our results show that with sub-irrigation, the growing season should be started using nutrient solutions with higher EC, but eventually, this EC should be decreased to maintain proper substrate EC and high yield.
Flood Peaks and Geomorphic Processes in an Ephemeral Mediterranean Stream: Torrent de Sant Jordi (Pollença, Mallorca)
Authors: Grimalt-Gelabert Miquel , Rosselló-Geli Joan
Published: July 2023

The research presented herein studies three episodes of flooding that affected the ephemeral basin of the Sant Jordi stream in northwestern Mallorca. These events are considered common since they do not reach the proportions in terms of the flow rates of other cases that have occurred in Mallorca, but they are nevertheless important due to the impact they have on human activity and also due to the morphological changes caused in the basin itself. On the one hand, the development of the field work to characterize and calculate the peak flows is presented, and on the other hand, the geomorphic changes caused by the water and the materials carried away are explained. The results allow us to identify a type of Mediterranean flood, which happens on a regular basis, but which does not stand out for its flows or for its major socio-economic impacts but still has an effect on the natural and anthropic environment. This information can be valuable for local and regional authorities as well as for the public to avoid risk situations and prevent impacts on public and private property caused by future events.
Blood Immune Cell Alterations in Patients with Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Ovchinnikov Artem , Filatova Anastasiya , Potekhina Alexandra , Arefieva Tatiana , Gvozdeva Anna , Ageev Fail , Belyavskiy Evgeny
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are key players in cardiac remodeling associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Monocytes and T-helpers (Th) are involved in both pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes, while regulatory T-cells (Treg) could be considered to suppress chronic inflammation in the hypertrophied myocardium. We aimed to estimate the relationship between the frequencies of circulating CD4+ T-cell and monocyte subpopulations and the variables of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with LVH depending on the presence of HFpEF. (2) Methods: We enrolled 57 patients with asymptomatic hypertensive LVH (n = 21), or LVH associated with HFpEF (n = 36). A clinical assessment and echocardiographs were analyzed. CD4+ Treg, activated Th (Th-act), and monocyte (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) subpopulations were evaluated via direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. (3) Results: Patients with HFpEF had a lower Treg/Th-act ratio (p = 0.001). Though asymptomatic patients and patients with HFpEF were comparable in terms of both the total monocyte number and monocyte subsets, there were moderate correlations between intermediate monocyte count and conventional and novel echocardiographic variables of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with HFpEF. (4) Conclusions: In patients with LVH, the clinical deterioration (transition to HFpEF) and progression of LV diastolic dysfunction are probably associated with T-cell disbalance and an increase in intermediate monocyte counts.
The Meso-Expression Test (MET): A Novel Assessment of Emotion Perception
Authors: LaPalme Matthew L. , Barsade Sigal G. , Brackett Marc A. , Floman James L.
Published: July 2023

Emotion perception is a primary facet of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and the underpinning of interpersonal communication. In this study, we examined meso-expressions—the everyday, moderate-intensity emotions communicated through the face, voice, and body. We theoretically distinguished meso-expressions from other well-known emotion research paradigms (i.e., macro-expression and micro-expressions). In Study 1, we demonstrated that people can reliably discriminate between meso-expressions, and we created a corpus of 914 unique video displays of meso-expressions across a race- and gender-diverse set of expressors. In Study 2, we developed a novel video-based assessment of emotion perception ability: The Meso-Expression Test (MET). In this study, we found that the MET is psychometrically valid and demonstrated measurement equivalence across Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White perceiver groups and across men and women. In Study 3, we examined the construct validity of the MET and showed that it converged with other well-known measures of emotion perception and diverged from cognitive ability. Finally, in Study 4, we showed that the MET is positively related to important psychosocial outcomes, including social well-being, social connectedness, and empathic concern and is negatively related to alexithymia, stress, depression, anxiety, and adverse social interactions. We conclude with a discussion focused on the implications of our findings for EI ability research and the practical applications of the MET.
Enhanced Magnetic Cooling through Tailoring the Size-Dependent Magnetocaloric Effect of Iron Nanoparticles Embedded in Titanium Nitride Thin Films
Authors: Sarkar Kaushik , Jordan Madison , Kebede Abebe , Kriske Steve , Wise Frank , Kumar Dhananjay
Published: July 2023

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in iron (Fe) nanoparticles incorporated within a titanium nitride (TiN) thin-film matrix grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is investigated in this study. The study demonstrates the ability to control the entropy change across the magnetic phase transition by varying the size of the Fe nanoparticles. The structural characterization carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning transmission electron (TEM) showed that TiN films are (111) textured, while the Fe-particles are mostly spherical in shapes, are single-crystalline, and have a coherent structure with the surrounding TiN thin-film matrix. The TiN thin-film matrix was chosen as a spacer layer since it is nonmagnetic, is highly corrosion-resistive, and can serve as an excellent conduit for extracting heat due to its high thermal conductivity (11 W/m K). The magnetic properties of Fe–TiN systems were investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. In-plane magnetic fields were applied to record magnetization versus field (M–H) and magnetization versus temperature (M–T) curves. The results showed that the Fe–TiN heterostructure system exhibits a substantial isothermal entropy change (ΔS) over a wide temperature range, encompassing room temperature to the blocking temperature of the Fe nanoparticles. Using Maxwell’s relation and analyzing magnetization–temperature data under different magnetic fields, quantitative insights into the isothermal entropy change (ΔS) and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) were obtained for the Fe–TiN heterostructure system. The study points out a considerable negative change in ΔS that reaches up to 0.2 J/kg K at 0.2 T and 300 K for the samples with a nanoparticle size on the order of 7 nm. Comparative analysis revealed that Fe nanoparticle samples demonstrate higher refrigeration capacity (RC) in comparison to Fe thin-film multilayer samples, with the RC increasing as the Fe particle size decreases. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential application of Fe–TiN heterostructures in solid-state cooling technologies, highlighting their enhanced magnetocaloric properties.
A Hybrid Fuzzy MCDM Approach to Open Innovation Partner Evaluation
Authors: Puzović Sanja , Vesić Vasović Jasmina , Milanović Dragan D. , Paunović Vladan
Published: July 2023

Even though interest in open innovation (OI) both as a research field and as an industrial practice for creating competitively advantageous innovation through collaboration has grown exponentially over the last decades, the issue of how to transform OI strategy into a sustainable competitive advantage is still an open research question. Selecting partners capable of operationally and strategically contributing to the OI project goals is a strategic decision for companies striving to effectively implement the OI concept. The study is aimed at defining a structured and methodology-supported decision-making process for OI partner selection based on a novel hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model which is enhanced by interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2F) to deal with the inherent uncertainty. The model combines IT2F Delphi (IT2FD), IT2F Analytical Hierarchy Process (IT2F AHP), and IT2F Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (IT2F PROMETHEE). The study provides a comprehensive framework of the OI partner performance indicators; additionally, it provides a contingent approach to identifying evaluation criteria depending on the nature of the company’s innovation processes, contextual conditions, and innovation strategy. The case study is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed process. The study’s results highlight the significance of specific factors related to the partners’ technological competencies.
A Joint Optimization Algorithm Based on the Optimal Shape Parameter–Gaussian Radial Basis Function Surrogate Model and Its Application
Authors: Sun Jian , Wang Ling , Gong Dianxuan
Published: July 2023

We propose a joint optimization algorithm that combines the optimal shape parameter–Gaussian radial basis function (G-RBF) surrogate model with global and local optimization techniques to improve accuracy and reduce costs. We analyze factors that affect the accuracy of the G-RBF surrogate model and use the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine the optimal shape parameter and control the number and spacing of the sampling points for a high-precision surrogate model. Global optimization refines the surrogate model, serving as the initial value for local optimization to further refine the problem. Our experiments show that this method significantly reduces computation costs. We optimize the section size of cantilever beams for different materials, obtaining the optimal section size and mass for each. We find that hard aluminum alloy is the optimal choice, meeting yield strength and deflection requirements through finite element analysis verification. Our work highlights the effectiveness of the joint optimization algorithm based on the surrogate model, providing valuable tools and insights into optimizing various structures.
Enhancing Vessel Segment Extraction in Retinal Fundus Images Using Retinal Image Analysis and Six Sigma Process Capability Index
Authors: Badawi Sufian A. , Takruri Maen , ElBadawi Isam , Chaudhry Imran Ali , Mahar Nasr Ullah , Nileshwar Ajay Kamath , Mosalam Emad
Published: July 2023

Retinal vessel segmentation, skeletonization, and the generation of vessel segments are considered significant steps in any automated system for measuring the vessel biomarkers of several disease diagnoses. Most of the current tortuosity quantification methods rely on precise vascular segmentation and skeletonization of the retinal vessels. Additionally, the existence of a reference dataset for accurate vessel segment images is an essential need for implementing deep learning solutions and an automated system for measuring the vessel biomarkers of several disease diagnoses, especially for optimized quantification of vessel tortuosity or accurate measurement of AV-nicking. This study aimed to present an improved method for skeletonizing and extracting the retinal vessel segments from the 504 images in the AV classification dataset. The study utilized the Six Sigma process capability index, sigma level, and yield to measure the vessels’ tortuosity calculation improvement before and after optimizing the extracted vessels. As a result, the study showed that the sigma level for the vessel segment optimization improved from 2.7 to 4.39, the confirming yield improved from 88 percent to 99.77 percent, and the optimized vessel segments of the AV classification dataset retinal images are available in monochrome and colored formats.
Properties of GA-h-Convex Functions in Connection to the Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-Type Inequalities
Authors: Amer Latif Muhammad
Published: July 2023

In this study, the Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér inequalities for GA-h-convex are proved, and the results for particular classes of functions are highlighted. In addition, several generalizations of the Hermite–Hadamard inequalities are presented. Some features of functions H and F that are naturally linked to the Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities for GA-h-convex have also been discussed. Finally, we obtain applications of the results related to the p-logarithmic mean and the mean of order p.
Mathematical Modeling and Analysis Using Nondimensionalization Technique of the Solidification of a Splat of Variable Section
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez Juan Francisco , Jorde-Cerezo Guillermo , Fernández-Roiz Adrián , Moreno-Nicolás José Andrés
Published: July 2023

In this work, the solidification and cooling process of an irregularly shaped splat is modeled using the network simulation method. The procedure for its implementation, which uses the finite difference method and optimized circuit analysis algorithms, allows the precise incorporation and assessment of the effect of certain conditions in the thermal process, offering its specificity and high performance in numerical simulation. It should be noted, on the one hand, that the geometry used for the simulation has been obtained from experimental splat data visualized using an electron microscope and, on the other hand, that the model implements both the phase change phenomenon and the variability of the material properties with temperature. Finally, the study of the physical behavior of the problem is carried out using the mathematical technique of nondimensionalization, allowing the interpretation of the results obtained by simulation, where the formation of horizontal bars and columns that maintain the structure of the splat while the solidification process is taking place stands out. It is worth highlighting the obtaining, among others, of two monomials. The first relates the phenomenon of radiation to conduction and is equivalent to the Nusselt number with convection, and the second relates the solidification time with the Stefan number.
Abundant Cyanobacteria in Autumn Adhering to the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) in Shanghai
Authors: Nie Changliang , Geng Xueyun , Zhang Runqi , Wang Lina , Li Ling , Chen Jianmin
Published: July 2023

Cyanobacteria are ever-present, mainly flourishing in aquatic environments and surviving virtually in other habitats. The microbiota of indoor dust on the pre-filter of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which reflect indoor microbial contamination and affect human health, has attracted attention. Contemporary studies on cyanobacteria deposited on the pre-filter of HVAC remain scant. By the culture-independent approach of qPCR and high throughput sequencing technologies, our results documented that the cyanobacterial concentrations were highest in autumn, occurred recurrently, and were about 2.60 and 10.57-fold higher than those in winter and summer. We proposed that aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacteria contributed to the pre-filter of HVAC by airborne transportation produced by wave breaks, bubble bursts, and soil surface by wind force, owing to the evidence that cyanobacteria were commonly detected in airborne particulate matters. The cyanobacteria community structure was characterized in Shanghai, where Chroococcidiopsaceae, norank_cyanobacteriales, Nostocaceae, Paraspirulinaceae, and others dominated the dust on the pre-filter of HVAC. Some detected genera, including Nodularia sp., Pseudanabaena sp., and Leptolyngbya sp., potentially produced cyanobacterial toxins, which need further studying to determine their potential threat to human health. The present work shed new insight into cyanobacteria distribution in the specific environment besides aquatic habitats.
M2 Polarization and Inhibition of Host Cell Glycolysis Contributes Intracellular Survival of Salmonella Strains in Chicken Macrophage HD-11 Cells
Authors: He Haiqi , Genovese Kenneth J. , Arsenault Ryan J. , Swaggerty Christina L. , Johnson Casey N. , Byrd J. Allen , Kogut Michael H.
Published: July 2023

Salmonella enterica is a group of facultative, gram-negative bacteria. Recently, new evidence indicated that Salmonella could reprogram the host metabolism to increase energy or metabolites available for intracellular replication. In this study, using a chicken-specific kinomic immunometabolism peptide array analysis, we found that infection by S. Enteritidis induced significant phosphorylation changes in many key proteins of the glycolytic pathway in chicken macrophage HD-11 cells, indicating a shift in glycolysis caused by Salmonella infection. Nitric oxide production and changes of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) represented by extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), respectively, were measured in chicken macrophages infected with three Salmonella strains (S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, and S. Senftenberg). The infection reduced glycolysis and enhanced OXPHOS in chicken macrophages as indicated by changes of ECAR and OCR. Salmonella strains differentially affected macrophage polarization and glycolysis. Among three strains tested, S. Enteritidis was most effective in downregulating glycolysis and promoting M2 polarization as measured by ECAR, ORC, and NO production; while S. Senftenberg did not alter glycolysis and may promote M1 polarization. Our results suggested that downregulation of host cell glycolysis and increase of M2 polarization of macrophages may contribute to increased intracellular survival of S. Enteritidis.
Physiological Conditions Leading to Maternal Subclinical Ketosis in Holstein Dairy Cows Can Impair the Offspring’s Postnatal Growth and Gut Microbiome Development
Authors: Halfen Jessica , Carpinelli Nathaly Ana , Lasso-Ramirez Sergio , Michelotti Tainara Cristina , Fowler Emily C. , St-Pierre Benoit , Trevisi Erminio , Osorio Johan S.
Published: July 2023

Maternal metabolic disruptions, such as ketosis, can have adverse effects on fetal development and influence postnatal factors. Twelve Holstein calves were randomly enrolled in this study at birth and monitored until 8 weeks of age. The study was conducted from fall 2018 until spring 2019. After completing the data collection period, calves were classified according to their respective dams ketotic condition after parturition. This classification was based on dam blood β-hydroxybutyrate < 1.4 mmol/L nonketotic (NONKET; n = 6 calves) or ≥1.4 mmol/L subclinical-ketotic (SK; n = 6 calves). SK calves had greater birth body weight (p = 0.05) but exhibited a slower growth rate compared to NONKET calves from 1 to 8 weeks (p = 0.02). At birth, SK calves had lower (p < 0.01) levels of non-esterified fatty acids and bilirubin compared to NONKET calves. Analysis of feces alpha diversity indicates that by 3 weeks, NONKET calves had greater diversity, richness, and evenness. Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum and Gallibacterium anatis were more abundant in SK calves (p < 0.05) at 3 weeks. In contrast, NONKET calves had a greater (p < 0.05) abundance of Sharpae azabuensis at 3 weeks. These findings suggest that subclinical ketosis in cows can impact the in-utero development, postnatal growth, and maturing gut microbiome of their offspring.
Contamination of Hotel Water Distribution Systems by Legionella Species: Environmental Surveillance in Campania Region, South Italy
Authors: Di Onofrio Valeria , Pagano Mariangela , Santulli Marco , Rossi Annamaria , Liguori Renato , Di Dio Mirella , Liguori Giorgio
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic period was marked by the absence or reduced circulation of some infectious diseases. Legionellosis may have been affected by the prevention measures adopted to counter COVID-19. Legionellosis is a form of pneumonia interstitial that is normally transmitted via aerosol-containing bacteria (genus Legionella), that could be present in contaminated water sources and is often associated with travel and with staying in hotels. In this work, the data of the environmental surveys carried out by ARPA Campania in accommodation facilities since 2019 were analyzed for a better understanding of the dispersion patterns of L. pneumophila associated with the environment and to evaluate the variation of the data during the pandemic period. The aim was to provide a better understanding of Legionella at different geographic scales and to define a predictive epidemiological method. Results: In 2019, the Legionella genus contaminated 37.7% of all tourist facilities evaluated. In 2020, the Legionella genus contaminated 44.4% of all tourist facilities evaluated. In 2021, the Legionella genus contaminated 54.2% of all tourist facilities evaluated. Conclusions: Legionella pneumophila was the most prevalent species in our community, serogroup 1 was the most frequently isolated and the most implicated risk factor of contamination was the temperature of water in circulation.