bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defind: Detecting Genomic Deletions by Integrating Read Depth, GC Content, Mapping Quality and Paired-end Mapping Signatures of Next Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Huan , Liu Xiaojing
Published: July 2018

Background:

Accurate and exhaustive identification of genomic deletion events is the
basis for understanding their roles in phenotype variation. Developing effective algorithms to
identify deletions using next generation sequencing (NGS) data remains a challenge.

Objective:

The accurate and exhaustive identification of genomic deletion events is important; we
present a new approach, Defind, to detect deletions using NGS data from a single sample mapped
to the reference genome sequences.

Method:

The operating system(s) is Linux. Programming languages are Perl and R. We present
Defind, a new approach for detecting medium- and large-sized deletions, based on inspecting the
depth of coverage, GC content, mapping quality, and paired-end information of NGS data,
simultaneously. We carried out detailed comparisons between Defind and other deletion detection
methods using both simulation data and real data.

Results:

In simulation studies, Defind could retrieve more deletions than other methods at low to
medium sequencing coverage (e.g., 5 to 10×) with no false positives. Using real data, 94% of
deletions commonly detected by at least two other methods were also detected by Defind. In
addition, 90% of the deletions detected by Defind using the real data were positively supported by
comparative genomic hybridization results, demonstrating the efficiency of Defind.

Conclusion:

Defind performed robustly at different sequence coverage with different read length
in the simulation study. Our studies also provided a significant practical guidance to select
appropriate methods to detect genomic deletions using NGS data.
Clinical Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Restorations in Posterior Teeth - Results of 2.5 Year Follow-up
Authors: Tanner Johanna , Tolvanen Mimmi , Garoushi Sufyan , Säilynoja Eija
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of posterior composite restorations reinforced by bulk base of short-fiber composite (everX Posterior, GC Corporation).

Methods:

Thirty-six short fiber-reinforced composite restorations were placed in premolar and molar teeth of 33 patients. Eight of the teeth were vital and 28 were non-vital. Average follow up time of the restorations was 30.6 months (2.5 years), ranging from 16.2 to 51.3 months (1.3 - 4.3 years).

Results:

One restoration failed during the follow-up period due to secondary caries, at time point 39.5 months. Three fillings had minor fractures during the follow-up. The overall survival rate of the restorations was 97.2% and success rate (no maintenance needed) was 88.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Posterior composite restorations with a bulk base of short-fiber composite showed good clinical performance in the short term evaluation.
Peptide Vaccines: New Trends for Avoiding the Autoimmune Response
Authors: Rajčáni J. , Szathmary S.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Several marketed antiviral vaccines (such as that against hepatitis virus A and/or B, influenza virus, human papillomavirus, yellow fever virus, measles, rubella and mumps viruses) may elicit various autoimmune reactions.

Results:

The cause of autoimmune response due to vaccination may be: 1. the adjuvant which is regularly added to the vaccine (especially in the case of various oil substrates), 2. the specific viral component itself (a protein or glycoprotein potentially possessing cross-reactive epitopes) and/or 3. contamination of the vaccine with traces of non-viral proteins mostly cellular in origin. Believing that peptide vaccines might represent an optimal solution for avoiding the above-mentioned problems, we discuss the principles of rational design of a typical peptide vaccine which should contain oligopeptides coming either from the selected structural virion components (i.e. capsid proteins and/or envelop glycoproteins or both) or from the virus-coded non-structural polypeptides. The latter should be equally immunogenic as the structural virus proteins. Describing the feasibility of identification and design of immunogenic epitopes, our paper also deals with possible problems of peptide vaccine manufacturing. The presented data are in part based on the experience of our own, in part, they are coming from the results published by others.

Conclusion:

Any peptide vaccine should be able to elicit relevant and specific antibody formation, as well as an efficient cell-mediated immune response. Consequently, the properly designed peptide vaccine is expected to consist of carefully selected viral peptides, which should stimulate the receptors of helper T/CD4 cells as well as of cytotoxic (T/CD8) lymphocytes.
Original Versus Generic Direct Acting Antivirals in Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: Real Life Data From Latvia
Authors: Tolmane Ieva , Rozentale Baiba , Arutjunana Seda , Jeruma Agita , Kuse Velga , Simanis Raimonds
Published: July 2018

Background:

Despite effective treatment available from 2016 in Latvia, there are restrictions - only patients with fibrosis (F, Metavir) stage 3 to 4 have access to reimbursed medicines. Some patients obtain generic drugs from India.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of original and generic direct acting antiviral medications in Latvian patients.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of 179 chronic virologic hepatitis C patients. Data were obtained from patients’ medical records. Mean age 49.2 years (SD 10.2, range 24-71), 88 female patients (49%), 91 male patients (51%). Genotype 1b was detected in 157 patients (87.7%). Patients were divided into two groups - patients who received original direct acting antivirals ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir, dasabuvir + ribavirin (n=144, F3-4, Child-Pugh A) and those who received generic medicines from India (n=35, F0-2) sofosbuvir, ledipasvir (n=7) or sofosbuvir, daclatasvir + ribavirin (n=28). Undetectable viral load 12 weeks after cessation of therapy (sustained virologic response 12 or SVR12) was measured in all patients. Therapy course completed 142 patients from original medicines group and all patients from generics group.

Results:

In the original medicines group - sustained viralogic response was achieved in 142 patients who completed treatment course (100%), while in generic medicines group in 32 patients (91.4%).

Conclusion:

Study results show high efficacy of both regimens using original and generic medicines - sustained virologic response was achieved in more than 90% of patients, with slight superiority in original medicines group.
Diversity Climate and Job Crafting: The Role of Age.
Authors: Ingusci Emanuela
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

In recent years, scientific interest in generational differences has increased. More attention has been paid to the younger (Y generation) and to older workers (baby boom generation), little attention has been given to the X generation, composed of people who are between 35 and 50 years old. This paper aimed to examine the role of age in the relationship between diversity climate and job crafting, focusing on the middle aged (X generation).

Objective and Methods:

Based on lifespan development, self-regulation and job demands-resources theory, we postulated that the association between diversity climate and job crafting weakens with age. Specifically, we hypothesized that age can moderate the positive relationship between diversity climate and job crafting. The participants were 271 employees from different Italian organizations.

Results:

The results from hierarchical regression analysis showed that the relationship between diversity climate and job crafting is stronger in middle aged workers rather than in older workers.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that diversity climate, in terms of organizational fairness, inclusion and personal diversity value can play a crucial role in the influence of job crafting which is, in turn, essential to improve positive organizational outcomes. Limitations and theoretical and operative implications are discussed.
What Causes Health Promotion Behaviors in College Students?
Authors: Kim Mi Young , Kim Yu Jeong
Published: July 2018

Background:

College students are exposed to an environment that places their health at risk. As a result, they are vulnerable to health-related problems. In order to improve health promotion behaviors, it is necessary to identify the variables affecting these behaviors. However, few studies have comprehensively examined health consciousness, health perception, and self-esteem as variables in health promotion behaviors among college students.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing health promotion behaviors in college students.

Method:

Data were collected from 331 students, using a structured questionnaire based on the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (health promotion behaviors), Dutta-Bergman’s Health Consciousness Scale (health consciousness), the Health Perception Questionnaire (health perception), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (self-esteem), and sociodemographic data. To assess the factors that influence health promotion behaviors, a multiple regression analysis was performed.

Results:

Health promotion behaviors were higher when health cognition was higher (r=.421,p<.001), health perception was higher (r=.326,p<.001), and self-esteem was higher (r=.526,p<.001). The constructed model for health promotion behaviors showed that the statistically significant explanatory variables were health cognition, health perception, and self-esteem. The model explained 34.9% of the variance in health promotion behaviors.

Conclusion:

It will be necessary to develop an intervention program targeting health cognition, health perception, and self-esteem in order to increase health promotion behaviors in college students.
Work Ability Index of Shift Working Hospital Nurses in Jordan
Authors: Heyam Dalky F. , Besher Gharaibeh , Nesreen Al-Khateeb
Published: July 2018

Background:

Despite the extensive literature on work ability, few studies have looked at variables associated with work ability of nurses working fixed versus rotating shifts.

Objective:

The study aims were to explore variables contributing to work ability and to examine the association of demographic, job satisfaction, and work shift to work ability.

Method:

A cross-sectional design was utilized to assess work ability level and job satisfaction among nurses working 8 or 12 hour rotating or fixed shifts in Jordanian hospitals. The data collection tools were the Work Ability Index and the Mueller/McCloskey Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed to determine the extent to which job satisfaction, shift work, and demographic variables were associated with work ability.

Results:

Work ability level was “moderate”, while job satisfaction level was “moderately dissatisfied”. A positive significant relationship was found between work ability and job satisfaction (r = 0.347, n = 349, p < 0.000). This relationship was higher for fixed-shift workers (r =.507) compared to rotating-shift workers (r = .299). Standard linear multiple regression analysis indicated that job satisfaction level predicted work ability level (β =.347, p = .000).

Conclusion:

The study confirmed that promoting job satisfaction leads to higher work ability, and thus, enhances the quality of care provided. The finding that job satisfaction is predictive of work ability has implications for training intervention.
Integrating Patient Safety Education in the Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Mansour Mansour J , Al Shadafan Shadi F , Abu-Sneineh Firas T , AlAmer Mohammed M
Published: July 2018

Background:

This paper explores the opportunities and challenges for integrating patient safety education in undergraduate nursing curriculum.

Methods:

Four dimensions of undergraduate nursing education are examined: National accreditation of nursing programs, building a competency-based nursing education, a model of nursing education and building faculty capacity in patient safety education and research.

Results:

Incorporating patient safety in a nursing curriculum can be “institutionalized” by making it a pre-requisite for granting program accreditation. At the operational level, transforming undergraduate nursing education to incorporate inquiry-based learning and moving toward competency-based patient safety education are two key requirements for engaging the students with patient safety science. Building faculty capacity who are experts in both patient safety teaching and research remains a key challenge that needs to be addressed to enable a shift in the patient safety “mindset” for future nursing workforce.

Conclusion:

Efforts to introduce patient safety in nursing education are both necessary and timely, and should accommodate students’ unique needs and cultural context.
Association of Household Fuel Type, Kitchen Characteristics and House Structure with Child Size at Birth in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Admasie Amha , Kumie Abera , Worku Alemayehu
Published: July 2018

Background:

Small sized child at birth is associated with household fuel use particularly from biomass fuel type. Household air pollution is believed to affect the fetus directly through trans-placental exposure or indirectly by adversely impacting birth outcome which resulted from a small-sized child at birth. It is an important predictor of children's health and is associated with higher risk of infant and child mortality due to various contributing factors. This study ascertained the association between household fuel types, kitchen characteristics and house structure with child size at birth in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study among 1042 mothers paired with their child aged between 0-59 months was employed. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling from 6 Kebeles. The size of a child at birth was determined based on the mother’s report. Data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:

The prevalence of small size at birth was 16.3%, (95% CI 14.2%-18.6%). Children were relatively equally distributed by age. The mean age of the children was 23.74 ± 14.93 months. Sixty-one percent of households used charcoal followed by biomass fuel (23.4%) for cooking activities. About 322 (30.9%) houses had one room, 504 (48.4%) houses had one door and 431 (41.4%) houses had only one window. Biomass fuel type (AOR, 3.83, 95% CI, 1.95-15.35), cooking place inside the house (AOR, 2.27, 95% CI 1.88-5.88, house without window, (AOR, 4.79, 95% CI 1.56-14.69), time spent for three or more hours in cooking, (AOR, 2.45, 95% CI 1.16-5.21) were significantly associated with child size at birth.

Conclusion:

Small size child at birth is still the concern of the study area. Using biomass fuel, cooking inside the house, more time spent in cooking and houses without window were determinants. Therefore, we recommend to the concerned stakeholders to work on clean fuel technologies and improving house designs to assuage related problems.
Development of 365-day Life Expectancy Models: Application of Machine Learning Methods to a Prospective Study of Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patients (Preprint)
Authors: Hu Wei-Huan , Pan Heng-Chih , Tsai Ming-Hung , Hsu Shang-Hwa , Hu Yuh-Jyh , Chen Yung-Chang
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

The mortality rate of cirrhotic patients in intensive care units (ICUs) is usually high. Analyzing high dimensional data and incorporating accurate life expectancy indices using machine learning methods may improve the accuracy of the prediction of the long-term prognosis of critically ill cirrhotic patients.

OBJECTIVE

To develop highly accurate 365-day candidate life expectancy models based on machine learning methods, and compare their accuracy with CLIF-SOFA scores in critically ill cirrhotic patients.

METHODS

This study analyzed 141 prospective predictor variables on day 1 of 294 cirrhotic patients admitted to a 10-bed specialized hepato-gastroenterology ICU in a 2000-bed tertiary care referral hospital from September 2010 to August 2013. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to select subsets of predictor variables. Model validation was applied to compare multiple life-expectancy models with CLIF-SOFA scores.

RESULTS

The overall in-hospital and 365-day mortality rates were 55.4% (163/294) and 82.3% (242/294), respectively. CLIF-SOFA score, hepatic encephalopathy grade and serum creatinine were the most critical risk predictors. The final models were developed by incorporating the most important 16 predictors based on Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC), Ensemble, Random Forest and Decision Tree methods. The SVM model showed excellent discrimination (0.901±0.021) and outperformed CLIF-SOFA score (0.841±0.024) as well as the others. The RANSAC model had the best Youden index, and the Ensemble model had the highest overall correctness of prediction.

CONCLUSIONS

The 365-day life expectancy models based on SVM/Random Forest/RANSAC/Ensemble classifiers were excellent prognostic evaluation tools for critically ill cirrhotic patients.
Influence of Patient Characteristics and Psychological Needs on Diabetes Mobile App Usability in Adults With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: Crossover Randomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Fu Helen NC , Adam Terrence J , Konstan Joseph A , Wolfson Julian A , Clancy Thomas R , Wyman Jean F
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

More than 1100 diabetes mobile apps are available, but app usage by patients is low. App usability may be influenced by patient factors such as age, sex, and psychological needs.

OBJECTIVE

Guided by Self-Determination Theory, the purposes of this study were to (1) assess the effect of patient characteristics on app usability, and (2) determine whether patient characteristics and psychological needs (competence, autonomy, and connectivity)—important for motivation in diabetes care—are associated with app usability.

METHODS

Using a crossover randomized design, 92 adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes tested two Android apps (mySugr and OnTrack) for seven tasks including data entry, blood glucose (BG) reporting, and data sharing. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine associations between patient characteristics, psychological needs, user satisfaction, and user performance (task time, success, and accuracy).

RESULTS

Participants had a mean age of 54 (range 19-74) years, and were predominantly white (62%, 57/92), female (59%, 54/92), with type 2 diabetes (70%, 64/92), and had education beyond high school (67%, 61/92). Participants rated an overall user satisfaction score of 62 (SD 18), which is considered marginally acceptable. The satisfaction mean score for each app was 55 (SD 18) for mySugr and 68 (SD 15) for OnTrack. The mean task completion time for all seven tasks was 7 minutes, with a mean task success of 82% and an accuracy rate of 68%. Higher user satisfaction was observed for patients with less education (P=.04) and those reporting more competence (P=.02), autonomy (P=.006), or connectivity with a health care provider (P=.03). User performance was associated with age, sex, education, diabetes duration, and autonomy. Older patients required more time (95% CI 1.1-3.2) and had less successful task completion (95% CI 3.5-14.3%). Men needed more time (P=.01) and more technical support than women (P=.04). High school education or less was associated with lower task success (P=.003). Diabetes duration of ≥10 years was associated with lower task accuracy (P=.02). Patients who desired greater autonomy and were interested in learning their patterns of BG and carbohydrates had greater task success (P=.049).

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes app usability was associated with psychological needs that are important for motivation. To enhance patient motivation to use diabetes apps for self-management, clinicians should address competence, autonomy, and connectivity by teaching BG pattern recognition and lifestyle planning, customizing BG targets, and reviewing home-monitored data via email. App usability could be improved for older male users and those with less education and greater diabetes duration by tailoring app training and providing ongoing technical support.
RANCANG BANGUN PENGUPAS BIJI LADA MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM CRUSHER
Authors: Rosa Firlya
Published: July 2018

Processing of post-harvest pepper includes threshing pepper from its stem, soaking and paring of pepper seeds. Paring of pepper seeds is still traditional. Pepper put into sacks and soaked for 10-14 days then trampled using human power. Using the traditional system takes a long time and the peel is not perfectly flaked and the energy required is huge. Therefore, it is necessary to design and manufacture the machine to replace the human power function, process and  time of paring. The tool will be made by using a crusher system where 2 pieces of rubber-coated disks are rubbing against each other and flooded with the goal of shifting the pepper's peel meet the rubber. The disc consists of one dish in permanent and another will rotate that is transmitted by the bevel gear and the source of energy is electric motor. The dimension of the dish is 400 mm in diameter, the dimensions of the hole to put pepper is 30 mm and rotating speed of dish 15 rpm. The pepper used in this research is freshly picked pepper without soaking. Variables measured by time and exfoliation results. The research was found that 89% of the pepper was flaked perfectly, 11% did not exfoliate perfectly, the machine capacity is 1 kg/hour.
PENGARUH DIMENSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN WEBSITE AKADEMIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN MAHASISWA PADA STIE “KBP”
Authors: Marlius Doni
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh: 1) variabel tangible 2) variabel reliability 3) variabel responsibility 4) variabel assurance 5) variabel empathy terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa dalam pelayanan website akademik Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi “KBP” Padang, dan 6) variabel tangible, reliability, responsibility, asssurance, dan empathy secara bersama-sama terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa dalam pelayanan website akademik Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi “KBP” Padang. Populasi 1174 orang, sampel 92 orang. Analisis data: analisis deskriptif, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas. Sedangkan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan: 1) Variabel tangible, 2) variabel reliability, 3) variabel responsibility, 4) variabel assurance, 5) variabel emphaty berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa (Y), dan 6) variabel tangible, reliability, responsibility), assurance, dan emphaty secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa pada website akademik Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi “KBP’ (Y).

This research was conducted to determine the effect: 1) variable tangible, 2) variable reliability, 3) variable responsibility, 4) variable assurance, 5) variable empathy to the satisfaction of students in the academic website services 6) variable tangible, reliability, responsibility, assurance, and empathy together to the satisfaction of students in the academic website ministry STIE "KBP" Padang. Population of 1174 people. The samples as 92 people. Analysis of the data: descriptive analysis, validity, reliability, test for normality. While testing the hypothesis using multiple linear regression analysis. The results found: 1) Variable tangible, 2) variable reliability, 3) the variable responsibility, 4) variable assurance, 5) variable empathy (X5) significantly affects student satisfaction (Y), and 6) the variable tangible (X1), reliability (X2), responsibility ( X3), assurance (X4), and empathy (X5) jointly significant effect on student satisfaction on academic website STIE "KBP" (Y).

Keywords: Tangible, Reliability, Responsibility, Asssurance, Empathy and Student Satisfaction
IMPLEMENTASI 2 LILITAN PHASA DAN 3 LILITAN PHASA TERHUBUNG TERHADAP TEGANGAN PADA MOTOR BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT (BLDC) ROTOR LUAR DENGAN ANALISIS ANOVA
Authors: Amalia Sitti
Published: July 2018

Abstrak—Bagian penggerak merupakan bagian utama dari sebuah kendaraan. Salah satu bagian dari penggerak adalah Brushless Direct Current Motor(BLDC). BLDC memiliki banyak keunggulan dari motor DC, salah satunya adalah komutasi yang dapat dipisahkan, yaitu komutasi 2 lilitan phasa terhubung dan komutasi 3 lilitan phasa terhubung. Komutasi 2 lilitan phasa terhubung proses awal pergerakannya dimulai dari sedangkan untuk komutasi 3 lilitan phasa terhubung proses awal pergerakannya dimulai dariuntuk setiap perpindahannya secara elektrik. Sehingga daya menengah terjadi saat komutasi 2 lilitan phasa terhubung dan daya maksimum terjadi saat komutasi 3 lilitan phasa terhubung. Dalam penelitian ini respon yang ingin dilihat adalah jumlah RPM pada setiap kenaikan duty-cycle yang diberikan pada motor BLDC, dengan memvariasikan nilai tegangan. Anova merupakan metode keilmuan statistik yang digunakan untuk melihat respon sistem.
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND LABORATORY FINDINGS of COMMON INFECTIONS IN GERIATRIC POPULATION IN TEHRAN (CASE STUDY)
Authors: SEPEHR TAGHIZADEH  , SHAYAN MONFAREDI ZADEH
Published: July 2018

The potential for infection in geriatric population increases to the high rates of infections, the mortality and disability resulting from them and the various signs of infection in the elderly, which can lead to delays in diagnosis. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of infectious diseases in elderly patients hospitalized in infection ward in one of the medical centers of Tehran province. This descriptive study was conducted on 256 elderly patients with an infectious disease in one of the medical centers of Tehran province in 2016. The detection of a fever or a specific infection site in the examination was the criterion for the early diagnosis of the infectious disease. Medical history and physical examination were taken from all of the patients, and laboratory tests including blood culture (CBC, ESR, CRP), urine culture (Color, appearance, specific gravity, Protein, Glucose, Keton Aceton, Blood) diagnostic imaging including sonography, CT scan and MRI, were performed. Then, the questionnaire containing demographic data, clinical symptoms and laboratory findings was completed by interviewing the patients and reviewing their records. The results were presented as descriptive statistics. In this study, out of the 256 patients participating in this study, 135 (53.6%) were male. The average age of patients was 74.3 years old, in which most of them (48.4%) were in the age group of 60-75 years old. The most common complaints were fever (19.4%) and dyspnea (14.9%) and the most common underlying disease was hypertension(37%). The most common infectious diseases were pneumonia (23.4%) and sepsis (15.7%), respectively. The most common infectious diseases leading to hospitalization and death in the elderly are pneumonia and sepsis.
Las políticas de investigación y publicación en Colombia: debates y propuestas
Authors: Zambrano Marta
Published: July 2018

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El trabajo de campo como abandono: una reflexión sobre la metodología de la observación participante
Authors: Piñeiro Eleder , Diz Carlos
Published: July 2018

En diálogo con teorías antropológicas, desde nuestra experiencia etnográfica presentamos el trabajo de campo como un abandono, en sentido positivo. Dicho abandono tiene en cuenta diferentes aspectos que interactúan con la figura del antropólogo, como herramienta, sujeto y objeto de conocimiento, mediador e intérprete de lo cultural. Entendemos la observación participante como una experiencia cognitivocorporal, donde la flexibilidad, las relaciones de reciprocidad con los sujetos de estudio y las alternativas al sociocentrismo y al etnocentrismo son ejes de nuestro análisis. Proponemos la práctica del trabajo de campo como un ritual de iniciación y como un escenario ideal para el análisis de las relaciones entre ciencia, poder y política. Entendemos el campo como lugar pero también como habitus.
La observación participante en el estudio etnográfico de las prácticas sociales
Authors: Jociles Rubio María Isabel
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se presenta la observación participante (OP) como la técnica que permite a los antropólogos conocer las prácticas de los agentes sociales y reconstruir los procesos socioculturales que constituyen el centro de las investigaciones etnográficas. Para ello, la OP se enmarca en lo que se ha llamado la mirada antropológica y se compara con otras técnicas como la entrevista, el grupo de discusión o las “autograbaciones”. Finalmente, se proponen algunas pautas dirigidas a que el material etnográfico producido mediante la OP sirva para restituir la complejidad de los procesos socioculturales que se estudian desde la antropología.
La producción social del mercado del sexo y de la ocupación de trabajadoras sexuales en España
Authors: Hurtado Saa Teodora
Published: July 2018

La interseccionalidad de género, etnia/raza, clase, lugar de origen, orientación y prácticas sexuales interviene en la moderna producción social del mercado del sexo y en la construcción de la ocupación de las trabajadoras sexuales. Este artículo da cuenta de la anterior situación a partir del caso de mujeres afrocolombianas y de otras mujeres inmigrantes que laboran en la industria del sexo en España, mostrando cómo estos elementos favorecen la segmentación socioocupacional en los lugares donde ejercen su trabajo. Para comprender esta realidad, incorporamos en el análisis la perspectiva de las trabajadoras y de otros actores sociales e institucionales involucrados.
Sinopsis de la arqueología y la bioantropología del poblamiento temprano del noroccidente de Sudamérica
Authors: Delgado Miguel
Published: July 2018

Colombia representa un área importante para estudiar el poblamiento inicial de Sudamérica debido a su posición geográfica y su marcada diversidad ecológica y cultural. Avances recientes en la investigación arqueológica, así como en el estudio de la diversidad molecular y en el análisis de restos óseos prehispánicos mediante métodos estadísticos, enfoques poblacionales y teóricos más robustos ameritan una revisión. En este trabajo se presenta un resumen general de las investigaciones arqueológicas y bioantropológicas realizadas sobre el poblamiento inicial de Colombia, al mismo tiempo que se discuten algunos aspectos relacionados con dicho proceso.
AS CONTRADIÇÕES DA ASSISTÊNCIA ESTUDANTIL NO CONTEXTO DAS CONTRARREFORMAS
Authors: Braga Cilene Sebastiana da Conceição , Chaves Jacqueline Suellen de Sousa
Published: July 2018

O artigo insere-se na discussão da Política de Assistência Estudantil das Instituições de Ensino Superior Públicas Federais (IFES). Analisa o Programa Permanência, modalidade renovação da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), apresenta como objetivos verificar sua configuração e contradições no âmbito da política social, compreender a universidade e a Assistência Estudantil no neoliberalismo, traçar e analisar o perfil socioeconômico do público alvo. O universo de pesquisa corresponde aos alunos de Graduação da UFPA atendidos pelo referido programa no ano de 2015, campus Belém. O mesmo é permeado de condicionalidades que diminuem sua abrangência, fato marcado pela forte instalação do Estado neoliberal, apesar disso é imprescindível para a conclusão da graduação de discentes em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, objetivando assistência integral em suas necessidades estudantis básicas.
O EMPODERAMENTO DAS MULHERES E A LEI MARIA DA PENHA COMO TECNOLOGIA DE GÊNERO: POSSIBILIDADES COM OS ESTUDOS FEMINISTAS E DE GÊNERO PARA O SERVIÇO SOCIAL
Authors: Sant'Anna Thiago F.
Published: July 2018

Este artigo objetiva analisar a Lei no. 11.340/06, conhecida por Lei Maria da Penha, como uma tecnologia de gênero voltada para o enfrentamento de casos particulares de violência contra as mulheres, e para a transformação das relações desiguais de gênero. Compreendemos a violência contra as mulheres como uma das áreas de atuação de assistentes sociais por se tratar de uma das expressões questão social. A análise operada está ancorada no pensamento oriundo dos Estudos Feministas e de Gênero, no conhecimento do Serviço Social e no pensamento de Michel Foucault.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Mauriel Ana Paula , Sousa Adrianyce Angélica Silva de , Silva Maria Liduína de Oliveira e , Veloso Renato dos Santos
Published: July 2018

Editorial Temporalis 35
China's Financial Repression: Symptoms, Consequences and Causes
Authors: XU GUANGDONG
Published: July 2018

China's fi nancial system conforms to the stereotype described by the theory of financial repression. The banking sector is dominated by state ownership, interest rates are controlled by the government and credit allocation is heavily influenced by political factors rather than by commercial motives. The severity of repression in China's financial sector increased to an unprecedented level after 2008, when the Chinese government poured enormous financial resources into the economy as a response to the financial crisis. Financial repression has seriously damaged the sustainability of China's economy by decreasing economic effi ciency. However, financial repression may be maintained in the future despite its harmful effects because for the Chinese Communist Party control over fi nancial resources is a powerful weapon that can be used when necessary to address certain economic, political or social problems that may endanger its rule. Given the importance of fi nancial resources to the rule of the Party, it is diffi cult to imagine that it will eventually adopt a liberalization strategy and relinquish its control over the financial system.
Hometown Volunteers: A Case Study of Volunteer Organizations in Surakarta Supporting Joko Widodo's Presidential Campaign
Authors: LAY CORNELIS
Published: July 2018

This article discusses the phenomenon of volunteer organizations supporting Joko Widodo – better known as Jokowi – in Surakarta and the surrounding area during Indonesia's 2014 presidential election. This research is important because, although volunteerism has been commonly replicated since Barack Obama's victories in the 2008 and 2012 American presidential elections, profi les of volunteers (their identities, motivations and self-defi nitions of their activities) and their activities (how they organize carry out and fund them) are still largely unknown. The article aims to address this lack of research within both the context of political transformation in Indonesia as well as the broader context of volunteerism, and to show how it contributes to democratization in Indonesia. This article reveals that volunteerism as a movement crosses class, age, ideological and gender boundaries, while its organizational form at the local level seems to be based on class, gender and/or age. Through their organizational models, activities, approaches and motives, volunteers have restored activism and volunteerism to Indonesian political processes. Nonetheless, this article cannot be certain of the movement's contribution to the development of Indonesian democracy.
10 år med velfærdsteknologi: Strategi og praksis
Authors: Aaen Jon , Nielsen Jeppe Agger , Elmeholdt Kasper Trolle
Published: July 2018

Velfærdsteknologidagsordenen indtager en væsentlig rolle i diskussion om det danske velfærdssamfund, navnlig på sundheds- og ældreområdet. Artiklen redegør for tendensen og ridser baggrunden op for den aktuelle interesse for velfærdsteknologi som teknologisk satsningsområde. Vi byder ind med en definition af paraplybegrebet velfærdsteknologi og viser, hvordan forhåbningerne til velfærdsteknologi afspejler fire sameksisterende perspektiver; et effektivitets-, empowerment-, medarbejder- og vækstperspektiv. Baseret på resultater fra telemedicinprojektet TeleCare Nord illustrerer vi, hvordan de fire velfærdsteknologiperspektiver udfolder sig i praksis, og vi diskuterer udfordringer forbundet med at realisere forhåbningerne til velfærdsteknologi.
Efectos de la Implementación de Estrategias Empresariales en los Micronegocios
Authors: Vargas Hernández José , López Aracena Leykys Dinoska
Published: July 2018

La necesidad de desarrollar estrategias efectivas y sostenibles a lo largo del tiempo no es exclusiva de las grandes corporaciones internacionales. Uno de los problemas fundamentales a los que se enfrentan las empresas, en especial las microempresas, es a la inadecuada o inexistente planeación estratégica, de la cual depende el cumplimiento de objetivos, la supervivencia y el crecimiento de las organizaciones. Esta investigación se centra en las repercusiones de las 5 fuerzas del mercado definidas por Porter, más un apartado dedicado a la teoría de juegos y planeación estratégica derivada de la interacción entre firmas. Finalmente, en el presente estudio de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, se observa que los micronegocios sí aprovechan las estrategiasgenéricas para posicionarse en el mercado, sin embargo la estructura de mercado en la que se desenvuelven difícilmente propicia una guerra de precios.
Understanding risk management practices in commercial banks: The case of the emerging market
Authors: Muhammad Bashir , Khan Sher , Xu Yunhong
Published: July 2018

This study examines how risk management practices can be influenced by factors, including understanding risk management, risk assessment & analysis, risk identification, risk monitoring and credit risk analysis in commercial banks of Pakistan. The collected data satisfied the reliability requirement and regression and correlation analyses were adopted. The results suggest that understanding risk and risk management (URM), risk assessment and analysis (RAA), risk identification (RI), risk monitoring (RM) and credit risk analysis (CRA) have positive significant impact on risk management practices (RMP). This suggests that commercial banks in Pakistan need to pay attention to URM, RAA, RI, RM and RA. Moreover, RM and RAA are prominent variables which influence RMP; therefore commercial banks of Pakistan should focus on RM and RAA
COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
Authors: Sadiku Matthew N. O. , Wang Yonghui , Cui Suxia , Musa Sarhan M.
Published: July 2018

Computation is an integral part of a larger revolution that will affect how science is conducted.  Computational biology is an important emerging field of biology which is uniquely enabled by computation. It involves using computers to model biological problems and interpret data, especially problems in evolutionary and molecular biology. The application of computational tools to all areas of biology is producing excitements and insights into biological problems too complex for conventional approaches. This paper provides a brief introduction on computational biology.
Non-animal ultrasound phantoms for device testing and training
Authors: Passariello Fausto ,   Fondazione Vasculab
Published: July 2018

A phantom is a physical object to simplify device testing and clinical training. An industrial device is more reliable for device testing in quality control procedures, though it is expensive. When precision requirements are not so strict as it occurs in training, people prefer to use home-made phantoms, though many of these artisanal methods use animal products. The current paper illustrates a few alternative vegetal phantoms. Agar is a widely used material in laboratory investigations and can be used to contain ultrasound targets. Another quick and effective alternative is given by tofu. Target sizes and flow ultrasound measurements can be easily effected using a phantom and training can be planned and repeated as much as required. The current paper shows how low-cost animal phantoms can be perfectly replaced by low-cost vegetal ones for clinical and training purposes. Vegetal phantoms can be classified as possible realizations of the Replace, the 1st of the 3Rs pre-requisites for non-animal experiments.
ANALISIS PERFORMA SISTEM PENDINGIN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN UNTUK KABIN MOBIL CITY CAR MENGGUNAKAN MODUL TERMO ELECTRIC COOLER TERHADAP KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR
Authors: Yusuf Mirza , Wisnujati Andika
Published: July 2018

Ramah lingkungan menjadi isu yang gencar dalam penelitian. Cloro Fluoro Carbon (CFC) yang digunakan dalam AC konvensional akan menguap ke udara bebas  berdampak kerusakan lapisan ozon. Ditinjau secara micro dalam penggunaan sitem pendingin dapat diterapkan pada pendingin kabin mobil. System pendingin mobil konfensional menimbulkan 2 kerugian yaitu lebih boros bahan bakar karena couple pulley compressor AC membebani putaran mesin dan penggunaan CFC yang tidak ramah lingkungan.   System pendingin ramah lingkunagan dan mampu menghemat bahan bakar mesin tersebut dapat kita temukan pada modul thermoelectric.  terobosan baru sistem pendingin tersebut menggunakan modul pendingin Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) yang memanfaatkan sisi dingin pada Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) dengan memanfaatkan seaback effect .  Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) ketika dialiri tegangan DC (arus searah) pada kedua jalur kabel penghubungnya maka salah satu sisi akan menjadi panas, sementara sisi satunya akan menjadi dingin. Salahsatu cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk memaksimalkan proses pendinginan, maka sisi panas Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) harus diturunkan temperaturenya serendah mungkin mungkin dengan menggunakan alat penukar kalor heat sink serta dibantu kipas(fan). semakin lama proses pendinginan, maka semakin optimal suhu ruangan yang didinginkan. Dari data Hasil pengujian dapat diketahui perangkat pendingin tersebut mampu bekerja dengan rate penurunan temperature memadai. Selanjutnya dapat dapat diaplikasikan sebagai alat pendingin ruangan yang efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan.  Kata kunci:  Kabin mobil, Air Conditioner (AC) konvensional, Cloro Fluoro Carbon (CFC), Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC), komponen sistem pendingin.
ANALYSIS OF KEY ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION ECONOMICS IN XXI CENTURY
Authors: Taran Yuri Evgenievich
Published: July 2018

The modern economy is based on information technologies that generate network effects and new opportunities for businesses and consumers. In information economy key elements are: intellectual knowledge, information transfer through information and communication technologies, as well as remote activities of independent employees. Structural forms of businesses are transformed into flexible systems able to react quickly to external changes. There take place the redistribution of production capacities and transfer of nonspecialized activities (accounting, legal support, marketing, advertising, etc.) to outsourcing or freelancing. Effective use of the latest techniques in business causes increase of competition. Business entities that use these techniques have an opportunity to overtake big corporations on many factors. But, despite the objective advantages of modern information and communication technologies, not all managers are ready to accept new conditions and are still influenced by the classical management of XX century. Classical management laid the foundation for further development of methods and principles of interaction between participants of business processes. However, currently, the main problem is incompatibility of traditional methods of managing enterprises with the methods used in the information economy. Consumers have got an access to information that was previously either too difficult to get, or prohibited. Manipulating the obtained data on prices and properties of goods, buyers have an impact on producers, pushing them to greater openness and loyalty. As a consequence, new forms of interaction are emerging in economic systems, which are poorly understood at the moment, but whose effectiveness has already been proven in practice.
THE WARS OF ISRAEL: AN EASTERN ORTHODOX POINT OF VIEW
Authors: VARGA Cătălin
Published: July 2018

The war of God orchestrated by His people Israel, has a profound dimension both theological and pedagogical, through this belligerent manner, in the case of the occupation of Canaan, YHWH wishes to exterminate the idolatrous population that could no longer correct itself because their hearts were darkened, in order to replace it with Israel, the holy people, in the middle of which Messiah, the Savior of the world will born. The law of the war of Yahweh from Deut 20 is the guide the Israelites use for this war, and the social dimension of this law places Israel on a clearly superior position in comparison with the other nations from an ethical point of view. The logical stages of the war of YHWH must be respected entirely, for Israel to be victorious in his armed confrontation with his idolatrous neighbors. The incapacity of the Israelites to obey strictly the laws of war and their alienation from the ethical perspective of the armed battles, announce indirectly the necessity of the coming of Messiah and of the universal time of peace.
THE ANAPHORAS OF MAR THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA IN THE EAST SYRIAC RITE AND OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM IN THE BYZANTINE CHURCH – STRUCTURE AND THEOLOGY: COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: VESA Benedict
Published: July 2018

The Liturgy (Mass) is the very life of the Church and its way of existing. In the core of the Liturgy there is the Anaphora, specific to each rite. Regarding the East Syriac Church, one mainly knows three important anaphoras – of Mar Addai and Mari, of Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia and of Mar Nestorius. This paper is focused on the Anaphora of Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia in the East Syriac rite, analysed in parallel with that of St. John Chrysostom, the most used anaphora in the Byzantine Tradition. Both of the authors are significant representatives of the Theological School of Antioch. This subject was scarcely analysed by the contemporary scholars and it gets a plus of importance in my case for accompanies an on-going process of translating the Syriac text of Theodore’s anaphora into Romanian, for the benefit of the Romanian theologians. The paper will be divided into two sections – the first one colligated to the authorship of the two anaphoras, and the second, focused on their structure and theology. Concrete conclusions regarding the identification of some liturgical-theological constants in both the anaphoras will end my research.
CIORAN AND GNOSTICISM
Authors: SONEA Ciprian
Published: July 2018

This study presents Cioran’s relation with Gnosticism that is marked by the fragmentary and contradictory style of Romanian thinker. This is caused by the specific ambivalence signalled by the Romanian essayist, ambivalence that is affirmed by the vitalist standpoint, and negated by the nihilist standpoint. The theoretical contradiction is a repercussion of Cioran’s way of approaching to the essence of life marked by the irrational and to the knowledge that is both, at the same time, a privilege and a hex. Therefore, from the nihilist point of view, that of an apologist of decomposition and desperation, Cioran can rightfully be associated with Gnosticism. On the other hand, many of his ideas describe, at the same time, an Agnostic outline. From the vitalist and fervent point of view, Cioran is represented as a strong enemy of gnosis. When he defames existence and history, he can be considered a Gnostic, and when we take into account the fervour for our world delusion and appearances, he is situated at the opposite pole of Gnosticism.
El hiperplatonismo de Richir
Authors: Carlson Sacha
Published: July 2018

Este artículo se propone examinar lo que llamamos el hiperplatonismo de Richir: hiperplatonismo en la medida en que su anclaje en la tradición platónica se constituye a través de una lectura radicalmente crítica que quisiéramos rastrear aquí a partir del texto de las Recherches phénoménologiques. En primer lugar, seguiremos la lectura propuesta por Richir del Parménides, centrada en las cuestiones de la participación y de la individuación. En segundo lugar, mostraremos cómo Richir llega a pensar una fenomenología trascendental que busca decir el fenómeno como origen tanto del cuerpo, cuanto del pensamiento y del mundo, según un neoplatonismo reexaminado y adaptado a partir de Plotino, Proclo y Damascio.