bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Я родом из Блокады (начало)
Authors: Ильинский Игорь Михайлович
Published: March 2020

В этом году исполняется 75 лет Победы Советского Союза над гитлеровской Германией.

22 июня 1941 г. нацисты вероломно напали на Советский Союз. В один миг жизнь огромной страны изменилась самым трагическим образом. Главным для всего народа стало спасение Родины, спасение будущего детей. Началась героическая и жертвенная дорога к Победе в Великой Отечественной войне длиною в 1418 дней — до 9 мая 1945 г. В подвигах фронтовиков и тружеников тыла проявились истинная жизненная сила советского народа, его единство, несломленный дух и любовь к родной земле. Наши отцы и деды одолели мощного беспощадного и беспринципного врага. Перед фашистами спасовали, отступили многие другие, некогда могучие страны, но именно русский солдат отстоял свою свободу и принес ее другим европейским народам.

Наш журнал начинает публиковать цикл статей, посвященных этой знаменательной дате.

 

В статье обсуждаются три мифа о битве за Ленинград и ленинградской Блокаде. Автор рассуждает об исторических фактах, опираясь на архивные документы, а также свои воспоминания.
Социокультурные мифы КНР и Тайваня (конец 1950-х гг. — настоящее время)
Authors: Ишутина Юлия Александровна
Published: March 2020

В статье исследуются социокультурные нарративы в парадигме основных национальных мифов Китая. Являясь специфическими онтологическими системами, социокультурные мифы выполняют функцию сглаживания социальных противоречий в определенном обществе и адаптируют своих последователей к изменяющимся историческим обстоятельствам. Будучи модульными системами, они легко входят в повествование глобальных и долговечных национальных мифов «Китай — великое государство и семья народов, каждый из которых обладает своей спецификой и самобытностью» и «Китай и Тайвань — единая гражданская нация, имеющая общих предков в лице основоположников китайского мира». Также они обеспечивают нормальное восприятие изменяющейся действительности.

Возникновение таких нарративов связано с ситуацией кризиса и социальной нестабильности. Современные китайские социокультурные мифы являются производными от порождающего национального мифа и содержат переносимый модульный компонент, например, в виде базовых понятий конфуцианства, актуализируемых к модернизированному обществу КНР и КР, зафиксированных в оригинальном китайском письме. Этот модуль эффективно применим в продуктах репрезентации как мифов, так и национальных идей и инициатив китайского правительства. Благодаря емкости содержания и эргономичности плана выражения, модульные компоненты базовых социокультурных нарративов включены в агитационную продукцию и легко узнаваемы.

Характерной чертой продуктов неомифологии является также их абсолютное соответствие форме научных парадигм, хотя мифопотребители по-прежнему склонны принимать на веру повествование мифа, не подвергая его эмпирической проверке.
Информация как семантически значимая величина
Authors: Макаревич Эдуард Федорович
Published: March 2020

В статье рассматривается проблема информации в современных социально-гуманитарных системах, где ведущую роль играет семантическая информация. Исследуется связь информации с энергией и внешней средой, отношение между сообщением и потребителем информации, дается формула информации и информационного влияния на основе понятия информации от Н. Винера. Рассматривается концепция Ю. Хабермаса о роли инструментально-рационального знания и критического знания в информационном обществе и законы функционирования систем Т. Парсонса на основе информации.
Профессиональные компетенции интернет-маркетолога: источники формирования и определения
Authors: Симакина Марина Анатольевна
Published: March 2020

На сегодняшний день в России не существует образовательного стандарта по направлениям «Маркетинг» и «Интернет-маркетинг» для подготовки специалистов с высшим образованием. Это обусловлено, с одной стороны, тем, что направление «Маркетинг» считается частью направления «Менеджмент». С другой стороны — тем, что современные высшие образовательные учреждения не готовы к формированию профессиональных компетенций интернет-маркетологов. Важнейшей проблемой становится определение списка наиболее значимых профессиональных компетенций в данной области. Анализу этой проблемы посвящена статья.
Для определения данного списка необходимо использовать несколько источников данных, а именно: постоянный мониторинг спроса на рынке специалистов в области интернет-маркетинга; анализ трендов в данной отрасли; опросы профессионального сообщества; анализ предложений на рынке онлайн-образования и профессиональной сертификации. Данный подход позволит сформировать наиболее точный список профессиональных компетенций современного интернет-маркетолога и даст возможность высшим учебным заведениям готовить специалистов, максимально соответствующих запросам рынка.
Проблема ненасилия в зарубежной психологии (обзор публикаций)
Authors: Маралов Владимир Георгиевич , Ситаров Вячеслав Алексеевич
Published: March 2020

Актуальность исследования проблемы ненасилия в психологии обусловлена двумя факторами. Во-первых, ненасилие выступает в качестве альтернативы прямому и структурному насилию как способность противостоять негативным явлениям в обществе: войнам, росту преступности, нетерпимости, конфликтам на всех уровнях и др. Во-вторых, — интересом психологии к миролюбивой личности, способной достигать жизненных целей без необоснованного использования принуждения. Цель настоящего обзора — представить в систематизированном виде исследования проблемы ненасилия в зарубежной психологии.

Раскрываются содержательные стороны ненасилия, которое понимается не только как отрицание принуждения, но и как созидательная жизнеутверждающая сила. Ненасилие изучается на разных уровнях: внутриличностном, межличностном, социальном и международном. Дается обзор различных теорий ненасилия: Р. Берроуза, В. Кула, А. Бренеса, Д. Риттера, Д. Мейтона, М. Розенберга. Рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с измерением ненасилия: шкала пацифизма Эллиотта, шкала ненасильственной личности Хасана и Хана, тест ненасилия Кула и Сена, подростковый тест ненасилия Мейтона и др.  

Осуществлен анализ различных направлений психологии ненасилия: психологии мира, психологии миролюбия, психологии смирения, психологии нонкиллинга. Дается обзор проблематики эмпирических исследований в рамках каждого направления. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам обучения ненасилию, анализируются программы образования в духе мира и ненасилия, коррекции агрессивного поведения и формирования способности к ненасильственному взаимодействию.
Делается вывод о том, что в зарубежной науке психология ненасилия выступает как самостоятельное направление, имеющее свою методологию, теорию, исследовательский аппарат, практическое приложение.
«Доктор Фауст» К. Марло на театральной сцене ХХI века
Authors: Захаров Николай Владимирович
Published: March 2020

Данная статья — попытка проследить судьбу пьесы «Доктор Фауст» К. Марло на театральной сцене ХХI в. Дан критический анализ основных подходов к сценической интерпретации пьесы современными режиссерами в России и за рубежом. Отмечен тот факт, что происходит постепенная феминизация сценографии, роли Мефистофеля и Люцифера все чаще исполняют актрисы, а не так давно в Англии выпустили сразу два целиком «женских» спектакля, где все роли исполняют дамы.

Осовремененный Фауст все чаще предстает не в антураже псевдоготики, как это было 30–40 лет назад, а нашим современником, сидящим в Интернете, отслеживающим новости о скандальных похождениях знаменитостей, жаждущим сиюминутной славы, равнодушным к идее титанического господства над Вселенной.

Автор приходит к выводу, что сегодня слово в театре постепенно уходит на периферию, освобождая пространство для пластики, жестов, музыки, аудиоэффектов, света, визуальных цифровых технологий, мультимедийных и других средств сценической выразительности.
Феномен позднего капитализма
Authors: Канарш Григорий Юрьевич
Published: March 2020

В статье исследуется феномен позднего капитализма. Поздний капитализм рассматривается как форма капиталистического производства, которая пришла на смену развитым формам капитализма 1950-х — 1960-х гг. Иначе данный переход именуется переходом от фордизма к постфордизму.

Фордизм определяется как социально-экономическая система, возникшая в послевоенный период на Западе (США и Западная Европа) и типичными особенностями которой были массовое производство в рамках крупной вертикально интегрированной корпорации, а также создание соответствующих стабильных массовых рынков. В противоположность фордизму постфордизм представляет собой систему, которая сформировалась в условиях начавшейся глобализации и отражала в значительной мере как изменения на глобальных рынках, так и собственные внутренние противоречия фордизма.

Последовательно рассматривается сначала становление фордистской системы (производственный и социальный проект Форда и послевоенный «фордистский компромисс»), а затем становление постфордистской системы. Особенности последней раскрываются на примере известной концепции американских авторов М. Пиоре и Ч. Сабеля. Также на материале концепции французских исследователей Л. Болтански и Э. Кьяпелло рассматривается идеология современного (позднего) капитализма. Для того чтобы показать многообразие форм (в том числе региональных) позднего капитализма, автор обращается к концепции известного американского социолога М. Кастельса.
На примере фордизма и постфордизма можно убедиться в том, что капитализм — весьма гибкая и адаптивная система, однако постфордизм представляет собой как бы радикализацию «гибкости» и инновационности, изначально присущей капиталистической системе.
Нормативность технонауки и гуманитарная экспертиза технонаучных проектов
Authors: Шевченко Сергей Юрьевич
Published: March 2020

В статье предусмотрены различные элементы коммуникативного контура технонауки.

Сфера гуманитарной экспертизы, предполагающая обсуждение рисков технологии еще на ранних этапах ее разработки. Во-первых, наиболее общий характер. Во-вторых, реализация технонаучного проекта сопровождается «дискурсивной игрой», в рамках которой его участники приписывают друг другу обязательства и высказывают ожидания. В-третьих, возможности для организации поддержки предполагают, что общество должно быть мобилизовано для его поддержки.

Таким образом, в качестве важных задач гуманитарной экспертизы в статье обозначены: сопоставление высказанных участников проекта, ожидание и принятие на себя обязательств, рассмотрение способов конкретизации общих целей реализации проекта, интерпретация критериев успеха проекта.
Цифровизация в России: человеческое измерение
Authors: Луков Валерий Андреевич , Луков Сергей Валерьевич
Published: March 2020

В статье представлены результаты эмпирического исследования отношения россиян к цифровизации, которое было проведено на базе Института фундаментальных и прикладных исследований Московского гуманитарного университета в октябре-ноябре 2019 г. Исследование, в частности, показало, что более приемлема цифровизация в младших возрастных группах. В столице и больших городах позитивное отношение к применению цифровых технологий проявляется больше, чем в малых городах, но и в них положительное отношение к цифровизации не является всеобщим и ожидаемым в перспективе и охватывает лишь около трети опрошенных, при этом с 36–40 лет позитивное отношение падает. 36,6% респондентов в группе до 20 лет считают, что цифровизация не поможет спастись от природных стихий, войн и их последствий, на ее могущество рассчитывать нельзя.

Статья подготовлена на основе доклада на пленарном заседании XV Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века. Роль гуманитарного образования в контексте технологических и социокультурных изменений», которая прошла 14–16 ноября 2019 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете.
Testing a Local-Distance Rg/Sg Discriminant Using Observations from the Bighorn Region, Wyoming
Authors: Kintner Jonas A. , Michael Cleveland K. , Ammon Charles J. , Nyblade Andrew
Published: March 2020

This study explores the effectiveness of local-distance (<200  km) seismic discriminant to distinguish between surface mine blasts, single-shot borehole explosions, and earthquakes in the Bighorn Mountains region, Wyoming. We focus on the ratio between local-distance fundamental-mode surface waves (Rg) and the crustal shear-wave (Sg) signals. The observed spectral amplitude measurements are fit to propagation models that account for distance-dependent geometrical spreading and attenuation, and site amplification factors. The results support previous observations that Rg attenuates rapidly, is amplified in sedimentary basins, and has suppressed amplitudes in isolated mountainous terrain. Sg attenuates less rapidly than Rg but exhibits a similar spatial site amplification pattern. We compute an Rg/Sg source discriminant by taking the ratio between site- and distance-corrected Rg and Sg amplitude measurements. The results suggest that the site- and distance-corrected Rg/Sg ratios can distinguish events larger than ML∼1.5 (in the Bighorn region). The discriminant may also be sensitive to explosion emplacement conditions, where the ratios are higher for borehole shots in sedimentary strata and lower for explosions within the basement. The analysis shows that the Rg/Sg discriminant is effective for events in the Bighorn region for events larger than ML∼1.5 if proper considerations are made to account for event size and near-source material.
Human Capital Disclosure by the Listed Non-Financial Companies of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Mahabbat , Uddin Md. Akhtar
Published: March 2020

Success of an enterprise very much depends on the composition of human capital of the entity. It is now established that human capital is important for the business organization and it may be disclosed in the annual report of the companies. The specific objectives of the paper are to examine the present status of HC disclosure in corporate annual report of the listed non-financial companies in Bangladesh and to summarize the perceptions of different stakeholders regarding this aspect. Contents analysis has been conducted on annual reports for the year 2008 and 2011 of 82 listed companies in Bangladesh. Perception survey has been conducted on 195 respondents for collecting primary data using five-level Likert scale. Results show that the average disclosure score is below 50 percent and over periods the status is not improving significantly. More than 50 percent companies have achieved less than 40 percent score and there is a large variation in score among the companies’ scores. As disclosure of HC items is a need of the stakeholders, companies should be careful about the matter and concern regulators may take initiative to improve the disclosure status of the companies.
Crime Prevention Strategies of Bangladesh: An Analysis
Authors: Akter Mahmuda
Published: March 2020

The need to address crime is as old as civilization itself, and while we have always struggled with whether to punish or rehabilitate criminal activity, there has never been any question that the best alternative to ‘crime’ is prevention. The main objective of this study was to identify an alternative analysis of possible effective crime prevention strategies suitable for the socio-economic premises of Bangladesh.  Moreover, the study also tried to find out the necessary action for implementation of crime prevention strategies. The comprehensive discussion based on secondary sources as well as documents like journal articles, authentic books. This study finds out the fields of crime prevention include a range of responses developed over many years, includes developmental, environmental, situational, social and community-based crime prevention, and interventions.  Although theoretically there are very few crime prevention strategies in Bangladesh in practice, there are various strategies for crime prevention used here institutionally or un-institutionally which includes community-oriented policing and various security measures. Investing in crime prevention could reduce the drawbacks of the conventional criminal justice system. If the crime prevention strategies could ensure properly, crime and criminal victimization could prevent which will reduce the need for formal criminal justice system in Bangladesh.
¿Cómo influyen las prácticas verdes y el manejo del desperdicio alimentario en el capital de marca de los restaurantes?
Authors: Montesdeoca-Calderón María Gabriela , Gil-Saura Irene , Ruiz-Molina María Eugenia
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la incidencia de las prácticas verdes, la innovación sostenible y el manejo del desperdicio alimentario en la construcción del capital de marca de los restaurantes. A partir de una investigación cuantitativa dirigida a responsables de restaurantes en Ecuador, se obtuvieron 120 cuestionarios válidos que permitieron estimar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales a través de la regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que las prácticas verdes orientadas a la formación del empleado y la innovación sostenible contribuyen significativamente a la reducción del desperdicio alimentario, que, a su vez, junto a las prácticas verdes orientadas a la sensibilización del consumidor, influyen positivamente en el capital de marca de los restaurantes.
Fundos de participação dos estados e sua implicação sobre as receitas e despesas dos Estados
Authors: Louzano João Paulo de Oliveira , Abrantes Luiz Antônio , Almeida Fernanda Maria de , Oliveira Guilherme de Avelar , Rocha Tiago Carneiro da
Published: March 2020

O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do repasse do Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE) sobre a arrecadação e gastos nos estados brasileiros. Foi utilizado o modelo de Regressão com Dados em Painel Dinâmico (System-GMM) para as 27 Unidades Federativas brasileiras, no período entre 1997 e 2013. Os resultados confirmam a existência da ‘Hipótese do Véu de Oates’, onde as transferências reduzem a arrecadação própria, ou seja, quanto maior o seu volume de transferências, menor a propensão dos governos no esforço arrecadatório, considerando-se o nível de dependência de tributos. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que o volume de transferências do FPE recebido pelos estados altera seu comportamento fiscal, estimula o aumento dos gastos públicos e reduz o esforço de arrecadação própria.
Cigarette smoking prevalence and awareness of its oral health effects amongst medical students in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhalifah Alya Fahad , Agarwal Poonam
Published: March 2020

Background: smoking is highly prevalent and is considered an epidemic in both developed and developing countries. Smoking has a negative effect on almost every organ in the body and is associated with multiple diseases like cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancers, stroke and oral diseases, reducing the expectancy and quality of life. Author aimed to determine medical students awareness of effects of cigarette smoking on oral health in the Qassim region. To understand their knowledge about specific smoking cigarettes effects on oral health. Prevalence of smoking cigarettes among the medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students in the Qassim Region for a period of two months from February to March 2019. An anonymous self- administrated questionnaire.Results: A total of 194 subjects participated. The prevalence of smoking was 21.1%. Majority of students thought that oral health and smoking are related (89.2%), smoking affected oral cancer (85.6%), and cause tooth staining (90.2%). On the other hand, students less aware of delay of healing (53.6%), inflammation of salivary gland (58.8%) and hairy tongue (76.3%).Conclusions: After completing this study, it was concluded on the basis of our findings that the students have moderated awareness about the different ill effects of smoking on oral health. Thus, a lot of awareness programs about the ill effects of smoking on oral health care should take place at regular time intervals at different venues so that the more and more students feel motivated to quit smoking.
Assessment on the perceived self-esteem of Saudi adults with deafness and hard of hearing
Authors: Alharbi Rabab
Published: March 2020

Background: Hearing is an important sense that individuals depend on in their day-to-day activities. However, labeling and stigmatization can disturb the perceived self-esteem of a deaf person, particularly in a predominantly hearing environment. As such, this study explored the of deaf Saudi people’s perceived self-esteem.Methods: One hundred and one participants took part in the study and answered the questionnaire sent to each participant online. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: This study showed that about half of them felt proud to belong in the deaf community. In terms of their perceived self-esteem, they wish to have more self-respect although half of them strongly disagreed that they feel useless at times. Likewise, 50% of the study group felt the sense of belongingness as they interact with the hearing community. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between perceived self-esteem and age, gender, and having hearing loss at birth, regardless whether with oneself, or with deaf or hearing community. On the other hand, there is a significant difference in the degree of hearing when using hearing aid upon interaction with the deaf community and in the mode of communication with their parents.Conclusions: The use of hearing aid plays a great role in improving the communication skills of deaf people. Likewise, increased communication with their family, whether deaf or not, can potentially increase their self-worth. Introduction of deaf or hard of hearing role models and the use of other senses, such as sight and sensation, can be utilized to improve positive self-esteem.
Haemorrhagic stroke in Saudi adult male population and the ABO blood group distribution: a comparative analysis
Authors: Farshori Mohammad P. , Alrashdan Yasir G. , Alshammari Mohammed S.
Published: March 2020

Background: Globally stroke is leading cause of death and disability. According to WHO every year 15 million people get stroke and one third of these subjects die and about 5 million become permanently disabled. In SA smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are highly prevalent and since these factors are among ten major risk factors for stroke it puts Saudi population at higher risk of stroke. In current study we studied prevalence of hemorrhagic (HS) stroke and analyzed if there is any correlation between incidences of HS and ABO blood groups in Saudi population.Methods: Blood groups and other relevant data were collected for 2304 stroke patients registered at King Khaled hospital between 1/1/2008 to 1/6/2018. Statistical analysis was performed using Z calculator.Results: We saw 5.4-fold increase in prevalence of diabetes type 2 and 8.7 fold increase in prevalence of hypertension among HS patients as compared to control subjects. Prevalence of smoking was higher in both control and HS patients. 21.7% of stroke patients were HS patients. Distribution of A blood group was significantly higher in male HS patients. AB blood group showed statistically significant reduction in HS patients as compared to control group. Results were statistically significant at (p˂0.01). However, blood group B and O showed no significant differences between two groups.Conclusions: Results of our studies show a correlation between ABO and the incidences of hemorrhagic stroke in Saudi adult male population. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results.
A report on the occlusal dental caries experience in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition of school children in Chennai, Tamil Nadu 2017-18
Authors: Anu V. , Pavani Bellamkonda , Judyangel D. , Mayma Natasha , Jyosthna A.
Published: March 2020

Background: Dental caries is the most common disease among the spectrum of oral diseases and is still a major public health burden in developing countries, affecting 60-90% of school children. To obtain a database about the dental caries prevalence among the school children in Chennai city, 2017-2018.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 2300 school children aged between 3 to 17 years in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Dental caries was recorded using World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and DMFT indices. Chi square test was done to assess the comparison between primary and mixed and mixed and permanent. DMFT and DMFT indices had extreme values, hence ‘0’ was set as median value and median test was applied.Results: The present study showed a higher prevalence of dental caries in primary (40.17%), mixed (‘d’ 33.02% and ‘D’ 38.8%) and permanent dentition (51.06%). The filled component is less with 0.85% in primary, 2.20% in mixed ‘f’, 0.58% in mixed ‘F’, and 2.98% in permanent dentition. The mean ‘DMFT’ in primary dentition is 1.32, mixed dentition mean ‘DMFT’ is 0.84, mixed dentition mean ‘DMFT’ is 0.96 and in permanent dentition mean DMFT is 1.57. Dental caries prevalence was found to be significantly more in males when compared to females.Conclusions: There is a higher prevalence of dental caries among school children in all three groups and this data can be used to plan preventive programmes to improve the oral health of this children.
Assessment of undernutrition by composite index of anthropometric failure among under five children in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Lahiri Surajit , Lahiri Saibendu Kumar
Published: March 2020

Background: Under-nutrition is a major public health problem in India among under-five children. Composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) provides an overall estimate of under-nutrition as a single measure and helps in detection of children with multiple anthropometric failures.Methods: This cross-sectional community-based study was done in Baghbazar slum of north Kolkata to determine the prevalence of under-nutrition among the under-five children and to find out the determinants of under-nutrition assessed by CIAF using multivariate analysis. WHO Z score system and the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) were used to estimate the magnitude of under-nutrition.Results: 41.2% children were diagnosed with anthropometric Failure. CIAF was more in female (43.1%) than male (39.1%). Multivariate analysis shows that low education level of mother, low socio-economic status (class III and below) and overcrowding were significantly associated with CIAF.Conclusions: CIAF gives a better estimate of under-nutrition than the currently used weight for age Z score. The study shows the importance of proper infant and child feeding practices, family planning practices, appropriate maternal care, female literacy, improvement of economic condition, housing standards and proper treatment of illness in prevention of under-nutrition among under-five children.
Changes in body composition parameters with duration in type II diabetics: an observational study
Authors: Raje Leena , Mhaskar Pallavi
Published: March 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus being a metabolic disorder lot of alteration takes place in body composition parameters such increase in fat mass, decrease in muscle mass, increase visceral fat. With advancing age, the predominant feature develops which is more prevalent in diabetes. These changes in body composition should be monitored. The changes if monitored at an early age, can be well managed and proper interventions can be developed.  The study was conducted to observe the changes taking place in the body composition parameters in individuals with type II diabetes with varied duration of the disease.Methods: This cross- sectional study was done in 228 type II diabetic subjects from the clinics of the Mumbai and Pune. The baseline data was collected from the all the subjects coming to the clinic through the general questionnaire, Anthropometric measurements and Body composition analysis was done by the BIA principle-based Analyser.  Then these subjects were distributed according to the duration of the disease and then analysed.  The data was analysed using SPSS version 22 and mean values p values were obtained.Results: The results showed that there is statistically significant increase in fat mass, visceral fat and decrease in muscle mass.Conclusions: There is change in body composition parameters like decrease in muscle mass, increase in fat and visceral fat along with the increase in the duration of the disease.
Cross-sectional study to assess knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among 1st year Bachelor of Naturopathy and Yogic Science students
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kaur Gurpreet , Rana Kanishk , Ismael M. , Faizan M. , Armanuzzama M.
Published: March 2020

Background: Hand hygiene is recognized as the leading measure to prevent health care associated infections. WHO has introduced evidence-based guideline on hand hygiene practice among healthcare professionals. But, knowledge and practice of hand hygiene remains poor among students. Therefore, the present study was planned to study knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among Bachelor of Naturopathy and Yogic Science (BNYS) students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 79 first year BNYS students. Knowledge of students was assessed using WHO hand hygiene questionnaire; practices were evaluated by using another self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate percentages for knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among study subjects.Results: 35 (44%) of the students had moderate level of knowledge and 25 (32%) students had poor knowledge of hand hygiene. 73 (92%) students had correct knowledge that hand hygiene action before touching a patient prevented transmission of germs to the patient. Only 11 (14%) had knowledge that artificial nails should be avoided. Only 19 (24%) students were aware that hand rubbing was required before palpation of abdomen. Only 34 (43%) students adhered to hand hygiene practices regularly.Conclusions: Hand hygiene is an important tool for prevention of hospital acquired infections. The overall knowledge and practice of hand hygiene was not good among study subjects and a few numbers of students had attended formal training about hand hygiene. These findings indicate that the BNYS students require increased emphasis on hand hygiene education and training in their curriculum.
Risk assessment for diabetes among adult population in urban field practice area of a government medical college in north coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Balaga B. Dhanalaxmi Lolach , Madhavi K. V. Phani , Madhavi B. Devi
Published: March 2020

Background: The rising prevalence of diabetes in developing countries is closely associated with industrialization and socioeconomic development. The major determinants of diabetics in these countries are population growth, age structure, and urbanization, prevalence of obesity because of increased intake of junk food, lack of physical activity, and stress among urban dwellers. Diabetes is increasingly concentrated in the urban areas. Hence, the present study was undertaken. To assess the risk of developing diabetes among urban adults >20 years using a Simplified Indian diabetes risk score.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in Allipuram, an urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. The study was conducted among adults >20 years of age in a sample of 400 adults chosen by simple random sampling technique after obtaining informed consent. The sample size was calculated using 4PQ/L2 with 3% absolute precision (p=9% from previous studies). The study was done for 2 months (October 15th to December 15th 2019).Results: Majority 158 (39.5%) of study participants are at high risk and 198(49.5%) are at medium risk of developing Diabetes in future. Majority 276 (93.3%) of the study participants do not have family history of diabetes.Conclusions: IDRS is a simple, useful and cost-effective tool for prioritizing and identifying medium and high-risk population for developing diabetes and to subject them for screening of diabetes and making screening programs more cost effective in resource limited settings.
Perceived social isolation among health care professional course students using social media in a South Indian metro city
Authors: Sucharitha Sree T. , R. C. Karthik , M. Karthick , S. M. Balaji , Arumugam Balaji
Published: March 2020

Background: Social isolation has been identified as a state in which individuals lack a sense of belonging, true engagement with immediate family, friends, peers in the form of fulfilling relationships. The subjective form commonly identified as ‘perceived social isolation’(PSI) arises from a feeling of lack of engagement with the above said systems available in one’s living environment and is linked to adverse physical and mental conditions in individuals experiencing it. Aim of the study was to assess perceived social isolation among health care professional course students using social media in a South Indian metro city, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was designed including socio-demographic features and components to assess social media usage both in duration of time and frequency of usage. Perceived social isolation as assessed by a global validated tool adapted from Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was used in this study. The scores and grades from PROMIS-4 are classified as: low PSI: 4-6, medium PSI: 7-10, high PSI: 11 and above. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and proportions and tests of significance were performed.Results: In our study we found that PSI was significantly higher among the subjects using social media for than two hours per day. The association between gender, year of studying, time spent on social media on daily basis and PSI scores was found to be statistically significant. (p value >0.05).Conclusions: People with high social media usage perceive being socially isolated than their counterparts with lower use.
Socio-demographic correlates and prevalence of obesity among school children in Amritsar district, Punjab, India
Authors: Mehta Amarveer S. , Devgun Priyanka , Mehta Harsheet , Monga Shamim , Birgi Harjot
Published: March 2020

Background: Obesity, a key risk factor for the non-communicable diseases has become a serious health concern in developing nations. Present study aims at estimating the burden of overweight, obesity and socio-demographic co relates of obesity among school going children of Amritsar, Punjab, India.Methods: Estimate sample of 900 subjects were selected in the age group of 6 to 15 yrs. Nine schools (four rural and five urban) were taken at random in Amritsar district. The cross-sectional study was carried out in all the schools. Probability proportionate to size of population technique was used to decide the number of children to be studied from each school, class and then section. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the children from each section. Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on the subjects. Overweight and obesity was assessed by BMI for age. Appropriate statistical techniques were applied for analysis of data.Results: Above study showed that prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.22% and 6.88% respectively. Among males 48 (52.2%) and 43 (69.4%) were overweight and obese, while females were 44 (47.8%) and 19 (30.6%) overweight and obese respectively. In socio demographic factors sex, residence, type of family, socioeconomic status was identified as significant risk factors.Conclusions: The study highlights the high burden of obesity in study population and the need for promoting healthy lifestyle changes focused on combating obesity.
External genital abnormalities in male primary school children: importance of structured school health survey
Authors: Gupta Alok , Singh Rajendra P.
Published: March 2020

Background: Abnormalities of external genitalia are often under diagnosed in early childhood because of lack of awareness of parents about the anatomy of external genitalia and social inhibitions. These abnormalities, if left untreated, may lead to psychological, social, and sexual complication. Structured school health survey and awareness among parents can identify these abnormalities at early stage to avoid further complications later. Study was aimed at  spreading awareness among parents of young children and school administration about importance of structured screening programme for detecting external genital abnormalities among the young boys to avoid various related complications later.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study covering 586 male primary school children of class I to V aged 6-12 yrs of two Schools in a capital city in northern state of India. All participants were physically examined for external genital anomalies by a trained medical officer. Data collected were analysed using standard statistical software, Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0.Results: Abnormalities were detected in 84 (14.33%) children.  Phimosis was commonest abnormality (7.5%), followed by Inguinal Hernia, Un-descended Testes, Hypospadias, Varicocele and Hydrocele.  Children of parents having higher educational level were found having lesser prevalence of abnormalities.Conclusions: Diagnosis and management of abnormalities of external genitals of children is delayed due to lack of awareness among parents. Careful screening of these abnormalities at pre-school and school age, increased public awareness and early referral of children is very important to avoid the risk of having urogenital complications during adulthood.
Problems and solutions for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in non metropolitan areas in India
Authors: Seshiah V. , Bhavatharini N. , V. K. Sanjeev , A. R. A. Changanidi , Aruyerchelvan R.
Published: March 2020

Management of gestational diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia in pregnancy is challenging in developing country like India. There are several logistic, socioeconomic and cultural issues faced by the care providers and the patients alike. In order to tackle these challenges, Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) recommendations consisting of a single glucose challenge test is ideal to evaluate the glucose intolerance and early initiation of doctors’ prescription. This review article explores the practical challenges associated with managing gestational diabetes mellitus and recommendations to overcome these challenges in the public health system.
Student safety insurance policies in India: a systematic review
Authors: Reddy Muthyala Sudhakara , Venkayalapati Venkateswarlu
Published: March 2020

Personal accident insurance policy provides complete financial protection to the insured members against uncertainties such as accidental (unintentional) death or bodily injuries. Additionally, it covers permanent (partial/complete) and temporary disabilities resulting from an unintentional injury (UII), but not intentional injury. As such policy confined to the students, it was nomenclated as ‘student safety insurance policy’ (SSIP). Aim of the study was to review the features of various SSIPs in India followed by suggesting to the governments to implement across India. A thorough internet search was carried out using search engines to collect primary data in the public domain regarding SSIPs. Additional information was also collected from the organizations under Right to Information Act 2005 during July to December 2017. The reviewers identified that millions of children died each year from the injuries or violence and millions of others suffer the consequences of non-fatal injuries across the world. Dr. Gururaj estimated that the injuries resulted in the deaths of nearly 100,000 children every year in India among two million children hospitalized.  So, certain state governments, districts and universities have taken up ‘SSIPs’ with different features to meet the hospital expenses incurred due to an UII. Unfortunately, if the insured child died/disabled due to an UII, the insurance amount will fulfil future financial needs of the family/disabled. Certain institutions are providing insurance coverage for one of the parents (breadwinner) and exempting future course fee payment also. The reviewers suggested to the government to provide a better student safety insurance policy across India with the amalgamation of the key features of all safety insurance policies.
“Você não tem o controle”: a Lei Complementar 157/2016 e a Netflix no Brasil
Authors: Santos Vieira de Jesus Diego , Kamlot Daniel , De Oliveira Santos Vieira de Jesus Henrique
Published: March 2020

Os objetivos deste estudo são debater a constitucionalidade da Lei Complementar 157/2016 e examinar seus possíveis impactos para a Netflix no Brasil. O argumento central aponta que a Lei é inconstitucional, pois, já que o streaming é um mecanismo de distribuição de dados por meio de pacotes, as informações distribuídas não são armazenadas pelo usuário que recebe a mídia a ser reproduzida. Nesse sentido, ele não configura um serviço enquanto obrigação de fazer de natureza física ou intelectual. De acordo com a Constituição brasileira, os municípios somente teriam o direito de instituir ISS sobre prestações de serviços que caracterizem obrigações de fazer. A sanção da Lei Complementar 157/2016 pode ser prejudicial para a Netflix, haja vista que a empresa trouxe a possibilidade de novos serviços com base na mídia digital e impactou a distribuição – ampliando o acesso global e minimizando custos de transação – e o consumo de bens culturais e criativos no setor audiovisual. Com a possibilidade de que os serviços de streaming se tornem mais caros e menos acessíveis – uma vez que a cobrança do ISS sobre a empresa pode acabar aumentando os preços do serviço oferecido por ela para seus clientes –, o consumidor brasileiro pode limitar sua busca por bens e serviços criativos a partir dessas novas formas de distribuição de dados.
Dos aspectos controvertidos do registro civil de pais e mães transgêneros à luz do provimento nº 73 do CNJ e dos direitos da personalidade
Authors: Rizzo da Rocha Loures Versan Juliana , Silva Galdino Cardin Valéria
Published: March 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar os aspectos controvertidos da retificação do nome dos registros civil das pessoas transgêneros à luz dos direitos da personalidade. Para tanto, a pesquisa analisou a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal em sede de julgamento da ADI 4275/DF, que determinou que a alteração do prenome e do gênero do trans pode ser realizada diretamente pela via extrajudicial, sem a necessidade de realização de cirurgia de redesignação sexual ou laudos médicos/psiquiátricos. Entretanto, apesar da importância desta decisão ainda há certos aspectos controvertidos e lacunas em relação ao Provimento nº 73/18 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, especialmente em relação à certidão de nascimento dos filhos de mãe e pais transexuais, que foram examinados por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo, fundamentado em revisão bibliográfica de obras, artigos de periódicos, notícias, legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência aplicáveis ao caso. Como resultado, verificou-se que há a necessidade do preenchimento da lacuna jurídica em relação ao registro civil dos pais e mães trans, especialmente para a efetivação de seus direitos fundamentais e da personalidade.
Sociedade da Informação, Cyberlaw e o conceito kantiano de autonomia na dogmática constitucional brasileira
Authors: Tramontina Robison , Rodrigues da Cunha e Cruz Marco Aurélio
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo aborda, a partir do cenário da sociedade informacional, o conceito de autonomia da vontade, de matriz kantiana, e o cyberlaw. Defende a necessidade de reler a referida noção para atender as demandas do novo cenário jurídico e social gestado na cybersociety. Trata-se de um pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza descritiva que integra uma investigação mais ampla sobre a possibilidade de ajustes ou ressalvas a serem feitos ao conceito kantiano de autonomia na Sociedade da Informação para um diálogo adequado com a Constituição Brasileira de 1988. As bases teóricas utilizadas são as seguintes: Immanuel Kant, Manuel Castells, Lawrence Lessig e Ingo Sarlet. A investigação está dividida em duas partes: a primeira caracteriza a sociedade da informação e apresenta a proposta arquitetônica do Cyberlaw de Lessing, a outra, analisa o conceito de autonomia em Kant e evidencia as leituras dogmáticas feitas na doutrina brasileira sobre essa concepção.
Brazilian and Japanese Perspective of Environmental Damage
Authors: Garbaccio Grace Ladeira , Marin Jeferson Dytz , Otsuka Tadashi
Published: March 2020

A constitucionalização do meio ambiente sem densidade normativa que permita saber exatamente o que é objeto de proteção impõe um estudo mais detido a fim de verificar a parcela da realidade que é tutelada pela norma constitucional. A isso se soma o fato de a Constituição brasileira agregar ao conceito de meio ambiente, ainda indeterminado, a qualidade do equilíbrio ecológico, o que torna necessária uma abordagem interdisciplinar. As noções de meio ambiente e de bem ambiental, embora relevantes, são insuficientes para determinar o âmbito de proteção do referido direito fundamental. Para isso, mostra-se adequado utilizar o conceito de dano ambiental, associado a uma análise técnica, para a correta aplicação da Lei Maior e adequada proteção do meio ambiente no Brasil e no Japão. Assim, a pesquisa está inserida no método dedutivo lógico, utilizando o procedimento de busca de referenciais bibliográficos e com a abordagem qualitativa.
O novo marco regulatório da extensão universitária no Brasil: uma contribuição para a política de promoção humana
Authors: Dias da Mota Ivan , Plaza Tena Lucimara , Coêlho de Séllos-Knoerr Viviane
Published: March 2020

Pretende o presente artigo tratar do novo marco regulatório da extensão universitária no Brasil previsto na Resolução n. 7 de 18 de dezembro de 2018, do Ministério da Educação (MEC). Mostrar que apesar das mudanças exigidas às instituições de ensino superior, sejam elas públicas ou particulares, a referida Resolução pode ser observada como um poderoso instrumento de política de promoção humana em favor da sociedade brasileira. Neste sentido, dependendo da forma como as entidades de educação elaborarem e desenvolverem seus projetos de extensão, os indicadores gerados terão o condão de alimentar as agendas para a formação de políticas públicas. Embora o tema extensão universitária não seja propriamente novo, as diretrizes impostas pelo dispositivo legal é assunto relevante e urgente, uma vez que o prazo para as instituições se adequarem as novas regras se extinguem em 14 de dezembro de 2021. Esse cenário que se desenha no âmbito do ensino superior exige estudos que reflitam as realidades sociais em um mundo cada vez mais globalizado. O método utilizado é o dedutivo e no que tange a coleta de dados, a pesquisa se utilizou do levantamento bibliográfico, análise jurisprudencial e coleta de dados estatísticos produzidos por órgãos e entidades do governo federal.
Book Review: Suffer the Little Children: Genocide, Indigenous Nations and the Canadian State
Authors: De Zayas Alfred
Published: March 2020

In this timely and morally necessary book, Tamara Starblanket gives particular attention to the forced transfer of Indigenous children to institutions whose raison d’être was to indoctrinate and “educate” them away from their culture and heritage so as to erase Indigenous memory and reprogram younger generations as “Canadians.” These institutions were notorious for death and disease, torture, forced starvation, forced labour, and sexual predation. The book’s structure is well-ordered, the argumentation compelling, but not in phoney “scholarly detachment,” instead in conscious compilation and analysis of the evidence, supported by the force of ethics and a commitment to truth and justice, regardless of zeitgeist and political correctness.