bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood Modelling of Banjir Kanal Barat (Integration of Hydrology Model and GIS)
Authors: Marfai Muhammad Aris
Published: January 2017

Hydrological modelling has an advantage on river flood study. Hydrological factors can be easily determined and calculated using hydrological model. HEC-RAS (Hydrological Engineering Centre-River Analysis System) software is well known as hydrological modelling software for flood simulation and encroachment analysis of the floodplain area. For spatial performance and analysis of flood, the integration of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydrological model is needed. The aims of this research are 1) to perform a flood encroachment using HEC-RAS software, and 2) to generate a flood hazard map. The methodology for this research omprise of 1) generating geometric data as a requirement of the data input on HEC-RAS hydrological model, 2) Hydrological data inputting, 3) generating of the flood encroachment analysis, and 4) transformation of flood encroachment into flood hazard map. The spatial pattern of the flood hazard is illustrated in a map. The result shows that hydrological model as integration with GIS can be used for flood hazard map generation. This method has advantages on the calculation of the hydrological factors of flood and spatial performance of the flood hazard map. For further analysis, the landuse map can be used on the overlay operation with the flood hazard map in order to obtain the impact of the flood on the landuse.
Sustainable Landuse Model at Upper Cikapundung River – North Bandung
Authors: Darsiharjo Darsiharjo
Published: January 2017

Land use in upper catchment of Cikapundung progressively do not in control, so that many land use disagree with required condition. The objectives of the research were to: 1) evaluating of existing land use suitability with to its land suitability; and 2) compiling simulation land use model which have been formulated to study the expense of conservation, beneficial crop type and conservation action alternative. In this research made three submodel (erosion submodel use USLE and Arsyad, runoff submodel use Bransby and Williams, and social economic submodel use B/C ratio and NPV); and than integrated to become one land use model in upper catchment by using computer program package “Poersim Version 2.5c”. The model is simulation by considering aspect land suitability, is then obtained by form land use sustainable. Land use in Cikapundung upper catchment equal to 70,52% disagree with land condition. The rate of occured erosion in dry land, pine forest and plantation of quinine have is abysmal of permissible erosion, while in natural forest, rice field, and grass land still is normal. Run off coefficient from all region per year go up equal to 0,3878%. And B/C dry land equal to 3,33. To maintain thickness of land and reducing runoff coefficient but admiting of to support life  farmer, minimum 10% from rest of obtained production in using to defray activity of conservation. Crop vegetable type which still profit is potato, chickpea, and pepper so long as minimizing 5% from rest of obtained production to be used for the activity of conservation, appropriate action conservation type is credit terrace because can be done step by step every process farm so that farm can be exploited on an sustainable.
Spatial Modeling of Flood Sea Tides (Case Study: East Coast Semarang)
Authors: Marfai Muhammad Aris
Published: January 2017

The aims of this research are 1) to construct a spatial model of tidal flood hazard, 2) to do hazard analysis of tidal flood. Spatial modelling has been generated using Geographic Information System (GIS) software and ILWIS software was seleccted to do the model operation. Neighborhood function and digital elevation model (DEM) have been applied on the modelling calculation process. DEM data was correted and menipulated using map calculation on the digital form. Tidal flood hazard analysis has been done by means of map calulation on the tidal flood hazard map and detail landuse map. Histogram and tabulation from the result of the map calculation have been analyzed to identify the impact of the tidal flood hazard on the landuse. The highest impact of the tidal flood hazard occurs on the 1 meter of tidal flood level, where in the inundation occurs mainly on the fishpond and yard/ open space area.
Benefit Evaluation of Human Settlements Development Funded by SPL JBIC INP-23 in Indonesia
Authors: Sunarhadi Muhammad Amin
Published: January 2017

The Government of Japan and the Government of Indonesia has signed a loan agreement Sector Program Loan (SPL) INP 23 for Settlement Sector (Human Settlement) through the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) which is intended to overcome the economic crisis and its impact in Indonesia since 1997. Research this carry out an evaluation of the benefits of settlement activities that have been implemented in order to know how much contribution the benefits of the settlement Sector program implemented through the SPL IVI-23, both the recipient community, relevant agencies that manage the project, and local governments that implement and oversee the development of the project . The survey was conducted by using a regional approach, ex post facto, and institutional. The selection of cities and counties samples were selected based on three things: the completeness of the program, the amount of funds, and the number of packets. Next, the results of the rank- ings were selected based on 1) the highest ranking, middle, and low; 2) distribution based on the distribution of the three parts of Indonesia, the western, central, and east; and 3) exclude conflict areas. The results showed that in general the development and results of settlement construction is quite beneficial for the government and society. Among other things more organized neighborhoods, neighborhoods healthier, improved infrastructure, and increased mobility of society. Special benefit shows the influence of the change in service, use of services, and its impact. Development of clean water service level (L) is satisfactory, the level of use (U) range in the level of useful and very useful, and beneficial impact. Drainage construction provide the level of service (L) is very satisfactory, the level of use (U) ranged between levels is useful and very useful, and beneficial impact. For the construction of basic infrastructure settlement (IS and hi, i) provide the level of service (L) is very satisfactory, the level of use (U) range from useful to extremely useful, and gives effect (B) is useful.
The Dangerous of Landuse Change at Semarang City
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto
Published: January 2017

Town in veri dynamic area. Growth of populatio, both natural and  migration (urbanization), need area for the settlement and their activities. Neccesity of area for settlement can’t be avoided. As a result, there is a landuse changing from non settlement area (set field, dry field, swamp, pond) to settlement area. This change will influence the hydro system balance in Semarang, for instance the extending of flooding area, etc. This research tries to find the characteristi of landuse change in Semarang. The characteristic involving how is pattern, process, intensity, and tendency. Pattern of landuse changing is sequence of using area before it became the settlement. Process of landuse change is by using the population are able to settle. Tendency is degree of landuse change speed. This research methods secondary analysis method, that is compare the statistic data of the landuse and map in 1980 and 2000. The sampling is by purposive random sampling method. Purposive is used so that all subdistricts in sub urban are represented. The sample area is the from percil in ertain coordinate. Result of this research shows that there is landuse changing rapidly that is decrease in the width of wet field, dry field, swamp, and pond. On the other hand, there is increase in width of settlement area and other dry land with intensity 232 ha every years. Wet field decrease 131,7 ha every years, swamp and pond 31 ha, and dry field 24,2 ha every years. In actually this landuse changing pattern is out of government policy. Semarang conversed. However, wet field is water habitat that is most potential. Tendency of sttlement growth is more facus on accesibility aspect and available city’s facilities only. Number of settlement are built on land which not suitable, such labile land, or high slope. It proves that the government control function is weak. The conclusion from this research that landuse changing has to be ontrolled restrainded, so it will not cause the bad effet in Semarang. Width the wet field is 10% by width town, must be conservation. Because wet field has ecology value and economic value that is rice production and absorb labour in agricultural sector. Therefore, function role of government controll must be actived.
Estimation of Soil Moisture Regime Based on Analysis of Rainfall, Air Temperature, and Landform - Soil (Case Study on River Regional Unit (SWS) Pemali - Comal)
Authors: Sartohadi Junun , Saragih Junita
Published: January 2017

The objectives of this research were 1) to determine soil moisture regime based on rainfall and temperature data; 2) to make a correction of the first objective based on soil moisture surplus and deficit calulation; 3) to study the pattern of soil moisture regime distribution in the research area. The field sampling tehniques applied in this research was stratified proposed sampling. Landform unit was applied as strata. Soil depth and texture were considered during field soil sampling within the landform unit. Rainfall and air temperature data were analyzed using Newball Simulation Model (NSM) to determine a tentative soil moisture regime. The tentative soil moisture regime was corrected using calculation soil moisture regime of soil moisture surplus and deficit. The soil moisture surplus and deficit was calculated based on soil depth, soil texture, rainfall, and temperature data. The result of this research were 1) soil moisture regime estimated using NSM ranged from ustic to udic; 2) soil moisture regime corrected using surplus and/ or defiit alulation of soil moisture ranged from xeric to udic; 3) the pattern of soil moisture regime distribution in the reaserch area was not only controlled by the pattern of rainfall – air temperature distribution but it was also controlled by the pattern of soil – landform distribution. Under the some amount of annual rainfall, shallow and coarse texture soils have drier soil moisture regime than deep and fine texture soils.
Pemahaman Karakteristik Hujan Sebagai Dasar Pemilihan Model Hidrologi (Studi Kasus di Das Bengawan Solo Hulu)
Authors: Hadi M Pramono
Published: January 2017

The research was conducted at the Upper Bengawan Solo Catchment, which was categorized as critical catchment. The problems of flood and drought became the main issue, and need to be handled sooner, therefore it need hydrological modelling to coupe the problems. As we know that the role of rainfall as an input to the model is very significant parameter in generating output (discharge), then the objective of this research is to know the rainfall characteristics. The rainfall distribution in the research area can be known by doing the spatial analysis, especially using Kriging method. It does the rainfall mapping for a certain duration to describe the spatial rainfall distribution. It uses the rainfall data from 20 rainfall stations with 5 minutes interval recording. It does the inter-stations correlation analysis on the amount of rainfall and the distance of inter-stations. The significant level used in this study is 5%. The result shows the tendency that the more of the station number decreased, the smaller the rainfall correlation coefficient inter-stations are. It can be meant that the numbers of the rainfall stations in catchment area have optimum number of gauge. The coverage area for each station is 13 km2 when we use 5’s minute interval data. Most of the rainfall which have intensity > 30 mm/hr occur at minute 20th to 125th. As much as 17.5% of these rainfall have randomly distribution. There is a significant relationship (R2=65.2%) between daily maximum rainfall and minimum values of inter-stations correlation coefficient Base on above results it is very important to consider that in chosing the size of catchment area for hydrological modeling it should be related with its rainfall chracteristics.
Remote Sensing and GIS for Surface Water Resources in Rawa Biru – Torasi Merauke Papua
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Meteray Barano SS , Farda Nur Mohammad , Kamal Muhammad
Published: January 2017

The research describe about surface water ecosystem study in Merauke Papua by using multisource and multistage remote sensing data which was splitted into two parts based on the study areas. First, it is for micro scale spatial analysis focusing on the Rawa Biru – Torasi watershed, while the second is for macro scale spatial analysis for Transfly ecoregionin the floodplain areas of Merauke. Multispectral approach was adopted for Landsat image analysis, followed by field survey on the selected areas. Auxilary data used are maps, secondary documents in order to improve understanding of the areas. Interview and discussion with related institutions (Wasur National Sanctuary, Potable Water Services, Internal Affairs Government, Forestry Service) accordingly were carried out. The research result showed that remote sensing imagery are usefull for surface water resources study. Physical condition of the Rawa Biru – Torasi watershed, vegetation analysis by using multitemporal data, wetland type, hydrological process in the floodplain were presented. Rawa Biru watershed as a resource for drinking water supply environmentaly decreased considerably due to the species invasion, with successively dominated by hydrophilla, tebu rawa, rumput pisau, dan Mellaleuca and sedimentation took place in the main body of swamp. Upper part of the watershed is actually included in the Papua New Guinea, in long water resources development scheme, it need administratively belong to one recharge areas for the watershed.
Analisis Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Zona Rehabilitasi Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Jember, Jawa Timur (Kasus Di Desa Andongrejo, Wonoasri, Curahnongko Dan Sanenrejo)
Authors: Subaktini Dewi
Published: January 2017

National Park of Meru Betiri (TNMB) is one of National Park which exist in the region tip East Java Part of South arch residing in region tip East Java Part of South arch. This National Park has various function in protecting system of the life of flora and fauna with the ecosystems. The existence of National Park has a big advantagerus for the communities who live around the area. Along with change of period to governance in the new order becomes a reform governance makes the TN-MB ruined as the effect of foray. Hall Management of DAS Sampean-Madura (2002) reports that National Park of Meru Betiri which its width 58.000 Ha, for about 4.023 Ha have destroyed without vegetation or it becomes farm of season crop. With that condition, so the area is specified as Rehabilitation zone The research is conducted with the method of survey then clarified with the method of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Analyses data used by the descriptive analysis qualitative. The result of the research can be known that there is a high resistence or threat to the society who live around the TN MB which specified with the job where mostly as a farmer ( 35,86 %) and hard farmer (38,74 %) while the most agraris 16,6 person / Ha. Mine’s land for about 0,219 Ha / KK and productive age 63,8 %. So, it can be conclude that the rehabilitation of TN MB for this time is more concentrate to the zone area of rehabilitation and the edvantage of avoiding the farm to the jungle zone and conten zone. It is also necessary that the factor of social economic not only used to formulate the zonasi but it also used as a basis for a reconstruction of Merubetiri National Park.
The Investigation of Groundwater Potential by Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Approach in Arguni Bay Region, Kaimana Regency, West Papua
Authors: Santosa Langgeng Wahyu , Adji Tjahyo Nugroho
Published: January 2017

This research was conducted within some villages in the surrounding area that administratively including Arguni Bay District, Kaimana Regency, West Papua. The main objective of this study is to vertically measure resistivity value of aquifer with the intention of recognizing deep groundwater potency as a source of native’s domestic needs. In addition, VES method by Schlumberger electrode array was applied within 18 locations, which expectantly represent the whole area of research. The resistivity data is then interpreted by IP2Win 2.1 Geoelectric Software to entirely describe the aquifer system as well as the occurrence of groundwater. The result indicates that vertically, the aquifer system is dominated by interbedded of claystone and sandstone (argillite group) as a past marine environment mineral. In addition, geomorphological and resistivity sounding interpretation gives a viewpoint that the landforms of the research area may be typified as Structural Mountain with the slope direction is towards the island beaches. Also, structurally, the main groundwater system is fractured aquifer with very limited productivity of groundwater resources. As consequences, this aquifer is more to be an aquitard, rather than an aquifer.
Sistem Akuifer dan Potensi Airtanah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Opak
Authors: Purnama Setyawan , Suyono Suyono , Sulaswono Budi
Published: January 2017

Opak River Basin is an area with high concentration of settlement. Generally, the settlement use groundwater as a water source. Variation of groundwater condition cause differentiation of water usage in some regions. There are two objectives of this research. First, to determine aquifer system in the research area and second, to calculate the groundwater potential in each aquifer system. To achieve these objectives, aquifer system is determined base on its geology and geomorphology, whereas groundwater potency is calculated by static and dynamic approach. As a result, show that the aquifer system in Opak River Basin can be distinguished into seven aquifer system. There are The Upper Merapi Aquifer System, The Middle Merapi Aquifer System, The Lower Merapi Aquifer System, Baturagung Range Aquifer System, The Aquifer System of Baturagung Range Foot Slope, Sentolo Hill Aquifer System and Sanddune Aquifer System. Among the seventh aquifer system, The Middle Merapi Aquifer System, The Lower Merapi Aquifer System and The Sanddune Aquifer System have high productivity. Sentolo Hill Aquifer System and The Aquifer System of Baturagung Range Foot Slope Aquifer have low productivity, whereas The Baturagung Range is categorized as non akuifer.
Physical Characters of Trees And Their Effects on Micro-Climate (Case Study at Urban Forest and Green Open Space at Semarang City)
Authors: Dahlan Endes N
Published: January 2017

Air temperature in cities are increasing which can cause reduce the human comfort and productivity. Urban forest can make the environment comfortable. The objectiveof the researc hwere: (1). To Determine the effects of urban forest on air temperature and relative humidity, (2). To analyze the effects of physical characters of trees ont he micro-climate amelioration and(3). To Determine species of trees which are very effective for micro-climate amelioration.The results of the research revealed that the average of daily air temperature in the urban forest was 30.2 C with arelative humidityof 74.0%, while the daily air temperature around the urban forest was 31.8 Karakter Fisik Pohon ... (Dahlan E) o C with relative humidityof 71.1%. Tree composisitin of all study sites consist of192trees, 29 speciesand 13families. The TinjomoyoForest Tourism has the highest density of trees(406trees/ha), while the lowest in the Parks Minister Supeno (316trees/ha). Value of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of trees based on calculation of tall of trees, diameter of canopies, total leaves area and canopy forms noticed that very effective trees for micro-climate amelioration were: Angsana(Pterocarpus indicus), beringin(Ficus benjamina), flamboyan(Delonix regia) , ketapang(Terminalia catappa), mahoni (Swietenia mahogany), andtrembesi (Albizia saman).
Analysis of Space Suitability Based on Marine Agriculture in The Small Islands Around Makassar
Authors: Arifin Taslim , Bohari Ridwan , Arlyza Irma Shita
Published: January 2017

The purpose of research is to analyze the suitability of the waters and environmental carrying capacity for utilization of marine aquaculture. Analysis of the data using conformity matrix is based on the physical-chemical parameters of the waters. Analysis of environmental carrying capacity performed to estimate the number of units that can be supported on the cultivation potential areas. The analysis is done by desk study approach, surveys and direct measurements. The analysis showed: (a) the condition of the waters of small islands around Makassar suitable for utilization of aquaculture, and (b) The water potential for seaweed cultivation around 110,012.6 ha, and the effective area about 243.225 ha. Broad potential area for grouper aquaculture by floating net system is approximately 1961.3 ha, and an effective area approximately about 209.97 ha. The results of this analysis are expected to be useful as: (1) a material consideration in the formulation of investment policy and research, (2) a reference for the public and private sectors in developing of sustainable aquaculture system effort.
Social Services Planning in Rural Areas: A Theoretical Review
Authors: Widyatmoko Djarot S.
Published: January 2017

Nowadays, the comprehensive and integrated rural development concept has been considered as the right approach in order to combat the root of rural poverty. By its main concern on area planning, i. e. the availability of planning apparatus at local (regional) level, comprehensive local (rural) resource analysis, and multi-disciplinary approach, it is expected that the weakneses of centralized planning which, among others, concentrates on economic growth can be reduced or even eliminated. This paper tries to explain the place of social service planning in the rural development concept above. The approach used is by discussing the place of service planning in the national development policies; collective decision making system, especially related to planning procedure and process; and social service problems in rural areas.
Study on Runoff Debit in the Catchment Area of Waduk Gajah Mungkur Wonogiri
Authors: Anna Alif Noor , Priyana Yuli
Published: January 2017

AbstractWater resource is one of natural resources, that is very vital. It needed to be used and to be kept throughly. For those purposes need good and directed plan, in which one of the basic component of it plan have to be supported by available a complete hydrological data and it analysis. One of hydrological data analysis is to estimate runoff of catchement area, which can be used for planning the hydrologi construction. This research aim: 1) to calculate the run off discharge by thornwaite Mather Method, monthly, annualy, and the average on the catchment through a sample of Keduang, Temon, Alang, and Wuryantoro areas; 2) to analyze the difference of the run off discharge (at no. 1) by observation resulted from trend analysis. Based on the calculation, it appears, thornwaite-mather method showed that high discharge (moreover limit 0) in dry month. From the research result, it appears, that calculation discharge graphic had lower differentation than observation discharge graphic. From sample of catchment areas that have been investigated, from the highest to the lowest deviation was Wuryantoro catchment area (78,8%), Temon catchment area (47,38%), Alang catchment area (46,45%), and Keduang catchment area (24,98%) respectively). The condition like above caused by intervation of man. Not only did he influence vegetatively, but he influenced technically as well. From these conservation, technical conservation (flood and construction and reservoir) was the highest influence to run off discharge calculation. The run off discharge that was calculated by thornthwite-Mather Method based on air temperate, rainy, altitude, and water holding capacity only, but groundwater supply didn’t be calculated.
Environmentally Friendly Concept in Spatial Regulation
Authors: Taryono T
Published: January 2017

Spatial order of a region include purpose of structure and interrelatedness of spatial order which as a unity of development mechanism. Spatial order can’t be part from law basic that is UUD’45 and GBHN, in order to the management can be integrated and keep the environment. Spatial order also take note of physical factor and non physical factor. Physical factor consist of soil, water, flora, and fauna. Non physical factors consist of environment, social, economic, and soon. The principle of arrangement of spatial order in a region include national region, regional and local, and a region as an administrative baoundary, that is local government authority, like province, district, subdistrict, and village. The effort for spatial ordering of the environment, for example ordering resource, arrangement of allocation and location, arrangement of environmental aesthetic  and arrangement of environmental quality.
Perubahan dan Pergeseran Paradigma Perencanaan Pengembangan Perkotaan
Authors: Royat Sujana
Published: January 2017

Dalam mengkaji pengembangan perkotaan di Indonesia, maka terdapat dua pandangan dasar yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengupas permasalahan serta mengenali berbagai problematika yang dihadapi. Pertama, dengan menggunakan cara pandang kota sebagai dimensi fisik dari kehidupan dan kegiatan usaha manusia yang memberikan berbagai implikasi pada aspek-aspek pembangunan. Kedua, kota dipandang sebagai bagian dari suatu sistem yang menyeluruh dari kehidupan dan kegiatan usaha manusia dan masyarakat yang saling terkait dengan upaya pada aspek-aspek pembangunan lainnya. Kupasan permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan perkotaan ini pada dasarnya ditujukan untuk mengenali visi dan paradigma yang digunakan dalam melandasi upaya-upaya pengembangan perkotaan tersebut. Melalui pengenalan terhadap visi dan paradigma tersebut, maka akan dapat dikenali pula perubahan dan pergeserannya yang sejalan dengan corak dan sifat permasalahan pengembangan perkotaan yang dihadapi dalam kurun waktu yang bersangkutan. Serta diarahkan untuk memperbaiki dan menyempurnakan, dengan didasarkan atas problematika dan tantangan yang dihadapi kini dan masa mendatang dalam konteks pengembangan perkotaan. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah bahwasanya visi dan paradigma-paradigma yang berlaku pada pengembangan perkotaan pada dasarnya merupakan cerminan dari harapn dan kebutuhan pada pelaku-pelaku yang terlibat dalam pengembangn perkotaan tersebut dan tingkat perkembangan serta kemajuan yang dicapai oleh masyarakat secara umum pada kurun waktu yang bersangkutan.
Masalah Permukiman Kota: Permukiman Kumuh, Perumnas, dan Real Estate
Authors: Sudaryono S
Published: January 2017

Perumahan sebagai salah satu komponen infrstruktur akan menjadi tema yang sangat penting dalam kerangka baik isue global maupun nasional, terutama dalam kaitannya dengan pembangunan industri pada kota-kota di Indonesia di masa datang. Studi ini akan membahas permasalahan dari tiga tipe deliveri perumahan di Indonesia yang cukup menonjol yakni: 1) pemukiman kumuh, 2) perumnas, dan 3) real estate. Secara singkat dapat dikatakan bahwa munculny pemukiman kumuh di kota-kota di Indonesia dan negara-negara berkembang pada umumnya adalah berakar pada gagapnya kota-kota tersebut dalam menyiasati gelombang global industrialisasi yang dibawa oleh revolusi industri.
Unwinding Failed Contracts: New European Developments
Authors: Meier Sonja
Published: January 2017

Two recent European reform projects are the 2016 revision of the French Code Civil and an academic draft of a revised Swiss Law of Obligations. Both the new Code Civil and the Swiss draft contain specific chapters on the unwinding of failed contracts. Underlying these are the idea that the rules governing restitution for payments and other performances should be uniform, regardless of whether the contract is void, avoided, or terminated for breach. A similar tendency can be found in recent European model rules. The paper aims to evaluate whether uniform rules for the unwinding of failed contracts are a welcome development. Looking at this issue from a historical and comparative perspective, what are the fundamental differences between invalid contracts and contracts terminated for breach, and how do they influence the details of recovery?
The Impact of Stakeholders’ Roles within the Livestock Industry on Their Attitudes to Livestock Welfare in Southeast and East Asia
Authors: Sinclair Michelle , Zito Sarah , Phillips Clive
Published: January 2017

Stakeholders in the livestock industry are in a position to make critical choices that directly impact on animal welfare during slaughter and transport. Understanding the attitudes of stakeholders in livestock-importing countries, including factors that motivate the stakeholders to improve animal welfare, can lead to improved trade relations with exporting developed countries and improved animal welfare initiatives in the importing countries. Improving stakeholder attitudes to livestock welfare may help to facilitate the better welfare that is increasingly demanded by the public for livestock. Knowledge of the existing attitudes towards the welfare of livestock during transport and slaughter provides a starting point that may help to target efforts. This study aimed to investigate the animal welfare attitudes of livestock stakeholders (farmers, team leaders, veterinarians, business owners, business managers, and those working directly with animals) in selected countries in E and SE Asia (China, Thailand, Viet Nam, and Malaysia). The factors that motivated them to improve animal welfare (in particular their religion, knowledge levels, monetary gain, the availability of tools and resources, more pressing community issues, and the approval of their supervisor and peers) were assessed for their relationships to stakeholder role and ranked according to their importance. Stakeholder roles influenced attitudes to animal welfare during livestock transport and slaughter. Farmers were more motivated by their peers compared to other stakeholders. Business owners reported higher levels of motivation from monetary gain, while business managers were mainly motivated by what was prescribed by the company for which they worked. Veterinarians reported the highest levels of perceived approval for improving animal welfare, and all stakeholder groups were least likely to be encouraged to change by a ‘western’ international organization. This study demonstrates the differences in attitudes of the major livestock stakeholders towards their animals’ welfare during transport and slaughter, which advocacy organisations can use to tailor strategies more effectively to improve animal welfare. The results suggest that animal welfare initiatives are more likely to engage their target audience when tailored to specific stakeholder groups.
Wetting Resistance of Commercial Membrane Distillation Membranes in Waste Streams Containing Surfactants and Oil
Authors: Eykens Lies , De Sitter Kristien , Dotremont Chris , De Schepper Wim , Pinoy Luc , Van Der Bruggen Bart
Published: January 2017

Water management is becoming increasingly challenging and several technologies, including membrane distillation (MD) are emerging. This technology is less affected by salinity compared to reverse osmosis and is able to treat brines up to saturation. The focus of MD research recently shifted from seawater desalination to industrial applications out of the scope of reverse osmosis. In many of these applications, surfactants or oil traces are present in the feed stream, lowering the surface tension and increasing the risk for membrane wetting. In this study, the technological boundaries of MD in the presence of surfactants are investigated using surface tension, contact angle and liquid entry pressure measurements together with lab-scale MD experiments to predict the wetting resistance of different membranes. Synthetic NaCl solutions mixed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used as feed solution. The limiting surfactant concentration was found to be dependent on the surface chemistry of the membrane, and increased with increasing hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. Additionally, a hexadecane/SDS emulsion was prepared with a composition simulating produced water, a waste stream in the oil and gas sector. When hexadecane is present in the emulsion, oleophobic membranes are able to resist wetting, whereas polytetrafluoretheen (PTFE) is gradually wetted by the feed liquid.
Experimental Study and Modelling of the Thermal Conductivity of Sandy Soils of Different Porosities and Water Contents
Authors: Jin Hua , Wang Yu , Zheng Qiang , Liu Hu , Chadwick Edmund
Published: January 2017

This paper at first reports an experimental work to test the thermal conductivity of formulated sandy soil specimens of different porosities and water contents. Both needle probe and hot-plate methods were conducted and compared. It has been confirmed that the needle probe method has a better accuracy for the measurement of unsaturated soil thermal conductivity, and that the pore size distribution plays an important role on unsaturated soil thermal conductivity. Secondly, it gives out an extensive review on the modelling work, and investigates two major types of empirical models in detail. Two generalized formulas have been suggested to mathematically characterise the two types of models and tested using the experimental data. Finally, in terms of the intrinsic relation to the pore size distribution and the similarity between the thermal conductivity and water retention characteristics of unsaturated soils, a soil water retention model has been suggested and tested to describe unsaturated soil thermal conductivity.
A GTA Welding Cooling Rate Analysis on Stainless Steel and Aluminum Using Inverse Problems
Authors: Magalhaes Elisan , Lima e Silva Ana , Lima e Silva Sandro
Published: January 2017

This work presents an analysis of the thermal influence of the heat transfer by convection and radiation during GTA (gas tungsten arc) welding process. The authors’ in-house C++ previously-developed code was modified to calculate the amount of heat transfer by convection and radiation. In this software, an iterative Broydon-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) inverse method was applied to estimate the amount of heat delivered to the plate when the appropriate sensitivity criteria were defined. The methodology was validated by accomplishing lab-controlled experiments on stainless steel AISI 304L and aluminum 6065 T5 plates. Due to some experimental singularities, the forced thermal convection induced by the electromagnetic field and thermal-capillary force were disregarded. Significant examples of these singularities are the relatively small weld bead when compared to the sample size and the reduced time of the welding process. In order to evaluate the local Nusselt number, empirical correlations for flat plates were used. The thermal emission was a dominant cooling effect on the aluminum cooling. However, it did not present the same behavior as the stainless steel samples. The study found that the heat losses by convection and radiation of the weld pool do not affect the cooling process significantly.
Microstructural Evolution within the Interphase between Hardening Overlay and Existing Concrete Substrates
Authors: Sadowski Łukasz , Stefaniuk Damian
Published: January 2017

This article presents the microstructural evolution within the interphase between a hardening overlay made of cement mortar and an existing concrete substrate. The substrate has been treated using four methods, due to which different surfaces were obtained: a raw surface, a surface formed after contact with the formwork, a grinded surface, and a shotblasted surface. Special focus is placed on the results of the microporosity within the interphase zone (IZ) using X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT). The microporosity profiles obtained from the micro-CT images have been used to assess the nature of the IZ between the hardening overlay and the existing concrete substrate. It has been shown that microporosity and the number of pores in the concrete within the IZ increases during the hardening time of an overlay made of cement mortar. It also depends on the applied surface treatment method. However, no significant changes in the microporosity of the existing concrete substrate have been noted.
Mitotic Spindle Assembly in Land Plants: Molecules and Mechanisms
Authors: Yamada Moé , Goshima Gohta
Published: January 2017

In textbooks, the mitotic spindles of plants are often described separately from those of animals. How do they differ at the molecular and mechanistic levels? In this chapter, we first outline the process of mitotic spindle assembly in animals and land plants. We next discuss the conservation of spindle assembly factors based on database searches. Searches of >100 animal spindle assembly factors showed that the genes involved in this process are well conserved in plants, with the exception of two major missing elements: centrosomal components and subunits/regulators of the cytoplasmic dynein complex. We then describe the spindle and phragmoplast assembly mechanisms based on the data obtained from robust gene loss-of-function analyses using RNA interference (RNAi) or mutant plants. Finally, we discuss future research prospects of plant spindles.
Stereoselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Optically Active Aryl-Substituted Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Vitale Paola , Digeo Antonia , Perna Filippo , Agrimi Gennaro , Salomone Antonio , Scilimati Antonio , Cardellicchio Cosimo , Capriati Vito
Published: January 2017

A two-step stereoselective chemoenzymatic synthesis of optically active α-aryl-substituted oxygen heterocycles was developed, exploiting a whole-cell mediated asymmetric reduction of α-, β-, and γ-chloroalkyl arylketones followed by a stereospecific cyclization of the corresponding chlorohydrins into the target heterocycles. Among the various whole cells screened (baker’s yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 7336, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016), baker’s yeast was the one providing the best yields and the highest enantiomeric ratios (up to 95:5 er) in the bioreduction of the above ketones. The obtained optically active chlorohydrins could be almost quantitatively cyclized in a basic medium into the corresponding α-aryl-substituted cyclic ethers without any erosion of their enantiomeric integrity. In this respect, valuable, chiral non-racemic functionalized oxygen containing heterocycles (e.g., (S)-styrene oxide, (S)-2-phenyloxetane, (S)-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran), amenable to be further elaborated on, can be smoothly and successfully generated from their prochiral precursors.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescent Property of a Cd(II) Coordination Polymer with a N-Nicotinoylglycine Ligand
Authors: Tai Xi-Shi , Wang Xin , Li Peng-Fei
Published: January 2017

A new 1D Cd(II) coordination polymer, [{CdL2(H2O)}·(H2O)3]n (HL = N-nicotinoylglycine), has been synthesized by the assembly of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O with N-nicotinoylglycine, and its composition was determined by elemental analysis, infrared, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. In this complex, the Cd(II) is seven-coordinated by two N atoms of two N-nicotinoylglycine anions, four O atoms of two N-nicotinoylglycine anions, and one O atom of a coordinated water molecule. The complex forms a 1D looped coordination polymer by the bridging of the N-nicotinoylglycine anion. The luminescent property of the N-nicotinoylglycine ligand and the Cd(II) coordination polymer has also been studied.
Evaluating Influential Nodes in Social Networks by Local Centrality with a Coefficient
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Liu Fang’ai , Wang Jinlong , Li Tianlai
Published: January 2017

Influential nodes are rare in social networks, but their influence can quickly spread to most nodes in the network. Identifying influential nodes allows us to better control epidemic outbreaks, accelerate information propagation, conduct successful e-commerce advertisements, and so on. Classic methods for ranking influential nodes have limitations because they ignore the impact of the topology of neighbor nodes on a node. To solve this problem, we propose a novel measure based on local centrality with a coefficient. The proposed algorithm considers both the topological connections among neighbors and the number of neighbor nodes. First, we compute the number of neighbor nodes to identify nodes in cluster centers and those that exhibit the “bridge” property. Then, we construct a decreasing function for the local clustering coefficient of nodes, called the coefficient of local centrality, which ranks nodes that have the same number of four-layer neighbors. We perform experiments to measure node influence on both real and computer-generated networks using six measures: Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, Closeness Centrality, K-Shell, Semi-local Centrality and our measure. The results show that the rankings obtained by the proposed measure are most similar to those of the benchmark Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model, thus verifying that our measure more accurately reflects the influence of nodes than do the other measures. Further, among the six tested measures, our method distinguishes node influence most effectively.
Serum Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Characterization of Non-Obstructive Azoospermic Men
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhang Yingwei , Liu Changjie , Zhao Mingming , Yang Yuzhuo , Wu Han , Zhang Hongliang , Lin Haocheng , Zheng Lemin , Jiang Hui
Published: January 2017

Male infertility is considered a common health problem, and non-obstructive azoospermia with unclear pathogenesis is one of the most challenging tasks for clinicians. The objective of this study was to investigate the differential serum metabolic pattern in non-obstructive azoospermic men and to determine potential biomarkers related to spermatogenic dysfunction. Serum samples from patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 31) were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Serum metabolomic profiling could differentiate non-obstructive azoospermic patients from healthy control subjects. A total of 24 metabolites were screened and identified as potential markers, many of which are involved in energy production, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in spermatogenesis. Moreover, the results showed that various metabolic pathways, including d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, the citrate cycle and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, were disrupted in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Our results indicated that the serum metabolic disorders may contribute to the etiology of non-obstructive azoospermia. This study suggested that serum metabolomics could identify unique metabolic patterns of non-obstructive azoospermia and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis underlying male infertility.
Interaction of New-Developed TiO2-Based Photocatalytic Nanoparticles with Pathogenic Microorganisms and Human Dermal and Pulmonary Fibroblasts
Authors: Nica Ionela , Stan Miruna , Popa Marcela , Chifiriuc Mariana , Lazar Veronica , Pircalabioru Gratiela , Dumitrescu Iuliana , Ignat Madalina , Feder Marcel , Tanase Liviu , Mercioniu Ionel , Diamandescu Lucian , Dinischiotu Anca
Published: January 2017

TiO2-based photocatalysts were obtained during previous years in order to limit pollution and to ease human daily living conditions due to their special properties. However, obtaining biocompatible photocatalysts is still a key problem, and the mechanism of their toxicity recently received increased attention. Two types of TiO2 nanoparticles co-doped with 1% of iron and nitrogen (TiO2-1% Fe–N) atoms were synthesized in hydrothermal conditions at pH of 8.5 (HT1) and 5.5 (HT2), and their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects exerted on human pulmonary and dermal fibroblasts were assessed. These particles exhibited significant microbicidal and anti-biofilm activity, suggesting their potential application for microbial decontamination of different environments. In addition, our results demonstrated the biocompatibility of TiO2-1% Fe–N nanoparticles at low doses on lung and dermal cells, which may initiate oxidative stress through dose accumulation. Although no significant changes were observed between the two tested photocatalysts, the biological response was cell type specific and time- and dose-dependent; the lung cells proved to be more sensitive to nanoparticle exposure. Taken together, these experimental data provide useful information for future photocatalytic applications in the industrial, food, pharmaceutical, and medical fields.
Biomarker-Guided Non-Adaptive Trial Designs in Phase II and Phase III: A Methodological Review
Authors: Antoniou Miranta , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi , Jorgensen Andrea
Published: January 2017

Biomarker-guided treatment is a rapidly developing area of medicine, where treatment choice is personalised according to one or more of an individual’s biomarker measurements. A number of biomarker-guided trial designs have been proposed in the past decade, including both adaptive and non-adaptive trial designs which test the effectiveness of a biomarker-guided approach to treatment with the aim of improving patient health. A better understanding of them is needed as challenges occur both in terms of trial design and analysis. We have undertaken a comprehensive literature review based on an in-depth search strategy with a view to providing the research community with clarity in definition, methodology and terminology of the various biomarker-guided trial designs (both adaptive and non-adaptive designs) from a total of 211 included papers. In the present paper, we focus on non-adaptive biomarker-guided trial designs for which we have identified five distinct main types mentioned in 100 papers. We have graphically displayed each non-adaptive trial design and provided an in-depth overview of their key characteristics. Substantial variability has been observed in terms of how trial designs are described and particularly in the terminology used by different authors. Our comprehensive review provides guidance for those designing biomarker-guided trials.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al-TiB2/TiC In Situ Aluminum-Based Composites during Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) Process
Authors: Nie Jinfeng , Wang Fang , Li Yusheng , Cao Yang , Liu Xiangfa , Zhao Yonghao , Zhu Yuntian
Published: January 2017

In this study, a kind of Al-TiB2/TiC in situ composite was successfully prepared using the melt reaction method and the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) technique. The microstructure evolution of the composites with different deformation treatments was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mechanical properties of the Al-TiB2/TiC in situ composite were also studied with tensile and microhardness tests. It was found that the distribution of reinforcement particles becomes more homogenous with an increasing ARB cycle. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties showed great improvement during the ARB process. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness of the composites were increased to 173.1 MPa and 63.3 Hv after two ARB cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the strengthening mechanism of the composite was analyzed based on its fracture morphologies.