bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Signs, Diagnosis and Management: A Review Article
Authors: Alshammari Fawzh
Published: January 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common diagnosis among the general population. IBS is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms such as flatulence, discomfort, distention, loose stools, and/or difficulty passing stools. Diagnosing IBS in a patient can be a prolonged process, often spanning many years or even remaining inconclusive. This review aimed to investigate the signs, diagnosis, and management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Using the following search keywords in the MEDLINE database, an electronic search for literature was conducted between 2017 and 2023 to locate relevant publications: signs, symptoms, diagnosis, management, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, IBS. Relevant keywords were employed in Google Scholar to find and discover related works. Specific inclusion criteria were used to guide the selection of the articles. The articles in this review were published between 2017 and 2023. In the discussion section, the study was organized under specific headings.IBS is a highly prevalent condition. Food intolerance is a common symptom in patients with IBS. Patients may report experiencing symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome after an infection; this condition is commonly referred to as post-infectious. The management of IBS is multifaceted, involving both dietary modifications and medicinal treatment to promote the alleviation of symptoms and enhance the overall well-being of individuals. Treatment for IBS often depends on the most prominent symptoms, offering several alternatives for each subtype. Fecal microbiota transplantation shows promise as a novel treatment for individuals suffering from irritable bowel syndrome and appears to have a positive impact
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists towards stewardship program; a systematic review
Authors: Alharbi Truki , Alharbi Hejab , Alharbi Abduallah , Alharbi Abdulaziz , Alharbi Abdullah , Alharbi Ahmed , Almutairi Bandar , Alhaysuni Mohammed , Alshobi Munther , Alharbi Sattam
Published: January 2024

Antimicrobials have a significant role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. However, the misuse of antimicrobials is one of the factors contributing to the increase in the rate of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) involves a comprehensible set of interventions and actions to achieve a more prudent use for antimicrobials. Pharmacists have strategic roles in stewardship program, and they are responsible for reviewing individual patient regimens to optimize therapy. This review aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists regarding stewardship program by reviewing the previous studies that investigated this subject. Electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Elsevier were explored to search for eligible research articles using different keywords, including AMS, Pharmacists, Knowledge, Awareness, Practice, Attitude, Level, Clinical pharmacists, Community pharmacists, and Stewardship program. The inclusion criteria were original articles conducted on pharmacists that investigated knowledge, attitude, and practice or any of the three items regarding the antimicrobial stewardship program. This systematic review included nine studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published between 2018 and 2023. The total number of pharmacists was 2011 pharmacists. Four studies investigated the three items, knowledge, attitude, and practice, whereas the remaining studies investigated one item or two only. In general, both knowledge and attitude were good among pharmacists regarding antimicrobial stewardship program, but the practice of pharmacists tended to be poor. However, the knowledge, attitude, and practice among pharmacists regarding AMS varied among different studies.
Role of Intra-operative Transesophageal Echocardiographic Examination in Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus Removal in a Case of Renal Ewing’s Sarcoma
Authors: Badge Mohanish , Choudhury Minati , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra
Published: January 2024

Ewing’s sarcoma belongs to primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Renal Ewing’s sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor that can progress to the inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium (RA). Renal tumors with IVC/RA extension entail removal of the tumor, including tumor thrombus in IVC with or without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, depending on the tumor thrombus extent. Intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography provides the latest staging of tumor thrombus, its characteristics, and mobility, guides IVC clamping for tumor removal, aids in troubleshooting hemodynamic instability, and monitors completeness of tumor removal post-procedure. Transesophageal echocardiographic examination forms an indispensable part of intra-operative management in any case of IVC tumor thrombus removal.
Applications of HPLC-CAD in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Harshitha Polisetty , Sakhinamma Chejerla , Chandra Y Prapurna
Published: January 2024

Rising column chromatography of made-to-pay vapor error checking (hplc- cad) must have arisen as an astute such as pharma review. An intention of all this employment would have been to confirm the appropriateness of such a formulaic high-performance liquid chromatography technique for identification and quantification yeah counterions and even to conduct roughly equivalent validation. A kind of aerosol-based backscatters, such as drying dispersion corruption and bribery (elsd), of one accused vapor detector (cad) or even a graphene value, solutes corruption and bribery (nqad) seem to have been deemed to also be best suited for this explanatory assignment. That use this detection, that ou pas and also some semi-volatile analytes seem to discover definitive diagnosis reply to indie of physicochemical characteristics after all the materials [High-performance liquid chromatography is often used only for split as well as evaluation after all semi-substances. Due to the ease of such a method, various applications have indeed been embraced regarding ritual use within drugmakers, research centers, laboratories, laboratories, but also campuses.
LEVERAGING BIG DATA FOR SME GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Abdul Adekunle Abiola , Babalola Faith Ibukun , Oladayo Gbolahan Olaoluwa , Ikwue Uneku , Daraojimba Andrew Ifesinachi
Published: January 2024

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, big data has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping businesses’ operational and strategic paradigms worldwide. This review delves into the profound implications of big data for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), a sector often overshadowed by larger counterparts yet pivotal to global economic growth. This study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted relationship between SMEs and big data, exploring its historical context, economic ramifications, challenges, and the technological advancements propelling its integration. Through a systematic literature review approach, the research methodically sifted through myriad studies, gleaning insights and trends pertinent to SMEs. The results underscored the monumental potential of big data in enhancing SME competitiveness, fostering precision marketing, and streamlining operations. However, the journey is interspersed with challenges, from infrastructural inadequacies to talent deficits. Recommendations advocate for balanced big data investments, collaborative frameworks with data vendors, and an unwavering focus on data privacy and security. In conclusion, as SMEs stand at the crossroads of a digital revolution, embracing big data emerges as the linchpin for sustainable growth and innovation in the digital age.
AEROBIC RICE'S YIELD PERFORMANCE AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY UNDER VARIOUS NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES
Authors: Musa Zaki
Published: January 2024

Aerobic rice, a water-saving cultivation system rice could thrive well in rain-fed areas in Sarawak which lacks in drainage and irrigation system, with appropriate fertilizer management practices. Since nitrogen (N) as a major determinant factor in rice yield is required differently based on cultivation system, soil and other in-situ conditions, a study was conducted to determine the optimum N fertilizer rate while assessing nitrogen use efficiency of aerobic rice in Lundu, Sarawak. Four N fertilizer rates (T1=0, T2=100, T3=200 and T4=300 kg N/ha) were tested with split application of urea (46% N) at 23%, 31%, and 46% at 5, 25, and 45 days after emergence (DAE) using MRIA1 variety. The findings indicated that an increase in N fertilizer of more than 100 kg N/ha had no discernible impact on yield. The highest yield recorded was 3.31 t/ha in T2 and decreased to 2.99 t/ha and 2.86 t/ha respectively in T3 and T4, while T1 recorded 1.12 t/ha. Meanwhile, significant differences in partial factor productivity (PFPN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), apparent recovery efficiency (REN) and physiological efficiency (PEN) were observed between the treatments with descending efficiency trends at higher N fertilizer rates. Optimum NUE values were recorded in T2 with PFPN = 29.30 kg/kg; AEN = 14.56 kg/kg; REN = 0.26 kg/kg; and PEN = 55.64 kg/kg. Therefore, it can be concluded that 100 kg N/ha is recommended for aerobic rice cultivation in Tanjung Purun, Lundu, as yield and NUEs were optimized.
Využitie nových technológií pri monitorovaní kritickej infraštruktúry
Authors:   University of Žilina, Miške Michal , Figuli Lucia , Dvořák Zdeněk
Published: January 2024

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, the assessment of critical infrastructure resilience has also entered a new age. The incorporation of cutting-edge technologies into the evaluation process has revolutionized how we gauge the capacity of critical structures to withstand and recover from various threats, including natural disasters, cyberattacks, and other unforeseen disruptions. This transformation is of paramount importance, given the essential role that critical infrastructure plays in supporting modern societies. These technologies enable a multifaceted approach to resilience assessment, providing a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of vulnerabilities and potential points of failure. One of the primary advantages of these technologies is their ability to process vast amounts of data in real-time. Furthermore, simulations and modelling, powered by these technologies, offer a virtual testing ground for assessing resilience. Engineers and planners can simulate various crisis scenarios, evaluating the infrastructure's ability to withstand and recover from extreme conditions. This virtual experimentation enables the development of more effective contingency plans and investment strategies to enhance resilience. These tools empower decision-makers to make informed choices, reduce vulnerabilities, and improve the resilience of critical infrastructure.
The Correlation of Body Mass Index, Socio-Economic Status, and Motivation With Physical Activity at Productive Age at 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University
Authors: Najiha Annisa Syahnaz , Indriani Indriani , Fatmawati Veni
Published: January 2024

The lack of physical activity was one of the causes of several health problems and deaths whose prevalence was increasing throughout the world. University was a gathering place for all university members including students, lecturers and teaching staff who were at risk of low physical activity and other lifestyle behaviors. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi terhadap aktivitas fisik pada usia produktif di Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. A cross-sectional method was used, and a random sampling technique was taken. The sample was 380 respondents with an age range of 20-59 years. Data analysis used the chi square test to determine the relationship between physical activity and its determinants and logistic regression to determine the predictors of physical activity. Based on 380 respondents, 47.2% were in the inactive category with an average of Metabolic Equivalent Task (METs)= 402.56 ± 121,140 and duration = 88.67 ± 59,600 per minute per week. There was a significant correlation between age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), motivation, availability of sports facilities with physical activity. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that BMI, age and motivation had an influence on physical activity. The level of physical activity among university members was still low and there was a need for university strategies to increase knowledge and behavior to become an active campus with healthy campus campaigns, organizing health checks, championships between campus sports clubs and other strategies.
Os desafios da educação médica e os atravessamentos da pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Cyrino Eliana Goldfarb , Pedroso Maisa Beltrame , De Sordi Mara Regina Leme , Azevedo Maria Antonia Ramos , Gomes Marta Quintanilha
Published: January 2024

Frente repercussões derivadas da Pandemia COVID-19, identificam-se suas marcas à educação médica, posto que profissionais da saúde se viram convocados a atuar em situação de imprevisibilidade inimaginável. Este estudo objetivou analisar como a pandemia repercute na formação médica na visão de profissionais referência nesta área. Trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, realizado com rodas de conversa, em 2020, utilizando Google Meet, com roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados em categorias: Desafios da prática pedagógica e Formação médica e a multidimensionalidade da gestão. A investigação aponta a necessidade de repensar os Projetos Pedagógicos a partir dos vazios evidenciados pela pandemia. Reforça a importância da articulação teoria prática não atendida pelo uso exclusivo das tecnologias e a importância do engajamento dos atores do curso em ação coletiva sensível à imprevisibilidade da vida e realidade da saúde pública no Brasil.
Analysis of Urinary Conditions and Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Electrical Stimulation Combined with Biofeedback Therapy in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Huang Nan
Published: January 2024

Objective: To analyze the urinary conditions and assess the effects of pelvic floor muscle electrical stimulation combined with biofeedback treatment in female patients with stress urinary incontinence. Methods: 80 patients with stress urinary incontinence admitted to Haimen District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2023 to September 2023 were included as the research subjects. Following the principle of random grouping, they were divided into an observation group and a control group. Patients in the control group received single pelvic floor muscle electrical stimulation treatment, while patients in the observation group underwent pelvic floor muscle electrical stimulation combined with biofeedback. The treatment effects, pelvic floor muscle strength, quality of life, and any adverse reactions in both groups were analyzed. Results: The total effective rate of patients undergoing combined treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to the control group with a single treatment. While there was no significant difference in the pelvic floor muscle data between the observation and control groups before treatment, after treatment, the data in the observation group showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical difference in quality of life data between the two groups (P > 0.05), but after treatment, the quality of life score in the observation group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). No adverse reactions were reported in either group during the treatment process. Conclusion: Pelvic floor muscle electrical stimulation combined with biofeedback can effectively improve urinary leakage in patients with stress urinary incontinence, demonstrating a relatively ideal clinical effect. Furthermore, this combined treatment can enhance pelvic floor muscle condition, improve quality of life, and effectively safeguard the physical and mental health of female patients.
Clinical Efficacy of Laparoscopic Uterine Isthmus Cerclage in the Treatment of Cervical Insufficiency and Its Impact on Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Zhi Xiaogai
Published: January 2024

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic cervical isthmus cerclage and its impact on perinatal outcomes in patients with cervical insufficiency (CIC). Methods: A total of 120 patients with CIC admitted from July 2016 to July 2023 were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A underwent laparoscopic cervical isthmus cerclage, while Group B received vaginal cervical isthmus cerclage. Perinatal outcomes were compared. Results: Group A demonstrated shorter operation and hospitalization times compared to Group B (P < 0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was also significantly less in Group A (P < 0.05). The treatment success rate in Group A was higher than that in Group B (P < 0.05). During pregnancy, the cervical length in Group A was greater, and the perinatal body weight was higher compared to Group B (P < 0.05). Additionally, the postoperative complication rate was lower in Group A (P < 0.05), and the SF-36 score of CIC patients in Group A was higher than that in Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Laparoscopic cervical isthmus cerclage demonstrates the potential to reduce the duration of the disease, increase perinatal body weight, improve treatment success rates, and enhance the quality of life for patients with CIC.
The Efficacy of Low-Dose Esketamine and Butorphanol in Treating Depression and Pain After Cesarean Section
Authors: Zhao Chunyan , Liu Xiaofen , Chen Cibo , Yang Hongmei , Xia Bingchun
Published: January 2024

Objective: To explore the efficacy of combining low-dose esketamine with butorphanol in treating depression and pain following cesarean section. Methods: 100 cases of elective cesarean section were selected and randomly assigned into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. All parturients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria received spinal anesthesia, maintaining the anesthesia level at T6. In the esketamine group, the dosage regimen comprised esketamine 0.5 mg/kg and butorphanol 10 mg, diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection to 100 mL. The control group received butorphanol 10 mg, diluted similarly. Analgesia in both groups commenced after cutting the umbilical cord, with a loading volume of 2 mL, a background infusion dose set to 2 mL/h, and patient-controlled analgesia at 2 mL with an effective interval time of 30 minutes. The main indicators included the maternal burnout scale (MBS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain to assess postpartum depression and pain after surgery. Results: No significant differences were observed in MBS scores between the two groups on postoperative days 1 to 9 (P > 0.05). Postpartum depression was not detected in either group. Pain NRS scores at 24 and 48 hours after surgery, including incision and uterine contraction pain, showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Tramadol rescue was not administered to any patients in either group. Additionally, no adverse reactions requiring drug intervention occurred in either group. Conclusion: This study concluded that the combination of low-dose esketamine with butorphanol did not further optimize the analgesic effect of butorphanol but significantly improved postpartum depression after cesarean section. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of the ketamine postoperative analgesia regimen on postpartum analgesia and depression.
Improving the technology of reproduction of sweet-berry honeysuckle (Lonicera caer ulea L.) with woody cuttings
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Ladyzhenskaya O.V. , Anys’kyna T.S. , Simakhin M.V.
Published: January 2024

Sweet-berry honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L) is a promising berry crop that can be marketed throughout the summer due to the diversity of cultivars with different ripening periods. The area occupied by honeysuckle in Russia is 700 hectares. To increase industrial plantations, it is necessary to provide farms with high-quality planting material. One of the ways of obtaining seedlings is through wood cuttings. The aim of our work is to select a root formation stimulator for woody honeysuckle cuttings. The experiment was carried out in the Moscow region. The honeysuckle cultivars “Volkhova”, “Nimfa” and “Pavlovskaya” and the preparations “Kornevin” and “EcoFus” were used as research objects. The experience is presented in four variants, with 100 cuttings in each variant. Two-factor analysis of variance showed no influence of cultivar characteristics on the rooting of cuttings, root volume, the number and length of shoots in seedlings. The rooting percentage of the cultivars varied from 73 to 81%, root volume (4.12–4.64 ml), number (2.63–2.81 pcs) and shoot length (4.32–6.16 cm) also differed insignificantly. A significant effect of the growth regulators on the traits studied was observed. The best development of the above-ground and underground parts of seedlings was observed with the combined application of the preparations “Kornevin” and “EcoFus”, and the rooting ability was also at a high level (81%), which indicates the feasibility of using the studied preparations. According to the results of other studies on such crops as balsam, gloxinia and cyclamen, the effectiveness of using the “EcoFus’ preparation has been proven. The number of leaves increased by 35–40% depending on the plant species. Studies on the combined use of the preparations “Zircon”, “Siliplant” and “EcoFus” showed a positive effect on the vegetative reproduction and productivity of wild garlic. The preparations “Siliplant”, “EcoFus”, and “Cytovit” showed high efficiency on the yield of the grape cultivars “Ranniy Magaracha” and “Karaburnu”. The rooting of forsythia cuttings with “EcoFus” showed negative results. In this experiment, the multiplication factor could be affected by the concentration of the preparation and the duration of exposure, as the green cuttings have unripened tissues, that could have a negative effect. It is also necessary to take into accou nt the characteristics of the culture itself. Further research is needed in this area.
Peculiarities of organogenesis of hard cultured low -growing cultivars of sour cherry (Prunus ceras us L.) in in vitro culture
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Makarov S.S.
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of research on clonal micropropagation of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) which is difficult to reproduce at the proliferation stage by traditional methods. A number of modern winter-hardy domestic cultivars of P. cerasus are promising for plantation cultivation of this crop in the Nonchernozem zone of the European part of Russia. The method of clonal micropropagation is advisable to obtain a large amount of healthy and genetically homogeneous rootstocks of fruit crops. Regenerated plants of P. cerasus of low-growing, mid-season and winter-hardy cultivars Assol’ and Shokoladnitsa were used as research objects. The growth and developmental features of P. cerasus regenerated plants were studied during in vitro cultivation on a QL nutrient medium supplemented with growth regulators of the cytokinin group (6-BAP, thidiazuron, zeatin) in different concentrations. The highest indicators for the length of microshoots (average 13.4 mm) and the number of leaves (average 6.0 pcs.) of P. cerasus plants in in vitro culture are recorded for the Shokoladnitsa cultivar. The maximum length of microshoots of P. cerasus Assol’ cultivar is observed on the 60th day of cultivation on a QL nutrient medium with the addition of zeatin at a concentration of 0.3 mg/l (10.5 mm) and thidiazuron at a concentration of 0.3 mg/l (9.8 mm), while the maximum number of leaves (7.8 pieces) is observed with addition of 0.3 mg/l zeatin. The maximum length of microshoots of P. cerasus of the Shokoladnitsa cultivar is observed when grown for 60 days on a QL nutrient medium with the addition of 6-BAP at concentrations of 0.5 mg/l (17.7 mm) and 1.0 mg/l (14.2 mm), while the maximum number of leaves (7.2 pieces) is observed with addition of 0.3 mg/l zeatin.
Physiological aspects of ripening and extending the shelf life of fleshy fruits
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Panfilova O.F. , N.V. Pil’shchikova
Published: January 2024

This review discusses the physiological aspects of the ripening of juicy fruits in relation to the problem of extending the shelf life of horticultural products. The achievements of molecular biology in the field of genetic regulation of plant quality formation processes are used. Particular attention is paid to the hormonal regulation of the accumulation of nutrients and biologically active substances in fruits. The role of ARF/IAA and DELLA receptor proteins in the interaction of auxin and GA signalling pathways during the growth of tomato, strawberry, and grape fruits is demonstrated. The involvement of DELLA proteins in integrating the function of other phytohormones – cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids and jasmonic acid – is noted. Evidence is presented for the interaction of cytokinin with auxin and GA in the regulation of early development and fruit size. The combination of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications during fruit development and senescence is considered. The involvement of mechanisms of senescence and loss of fruit shelf life in the absence of external signs is shown. The ripening characteristics of climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits are considered. One of the key regulators of the ripening process in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is the MADS domain transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN). The regulation of non-climacteric fruit ripening is reviewed using grape and strawberry as examples. Special attention is paid to growth processes, water exchange, photosynthesis, primary and secondary metabolism of developing and ripening fruits. The formation of integuments and cell walls as a structural basis for the physical properties of products is considered. Promising methods of using regulators of vital processes in the post-harvest period to slow down the fruit senescence are given. Increased knowledge of genetic, hormonal and metabolic networks opens up broad prospects for improving and maintaining the quality of fleshy horticultural products.
Paleomagnetism of the Great Dyke of the Kola Peninsula (2.68 Ga): New Evidence of Ultra-Low Paleointensity of the Earth’s Magnetic Field in the Late Archean
Authors: Shcherbakova V. V. , Veselovskiy R. V. , Zhidkov G. V. , Aphinogenova N. A. , Samsonov A. V. , Stepanova A. V. , Smirnov M. A.
Published: January 2024

Giant mafic dykes are the key markers of the Earth’s evolution in the Precambrian and have been the subject of extensive research. This article presents the results of the paleomagnetic, rock-magnetic, and paleointensity Banc studies of the Great Dyke of the Kola Peninsula (2.68 Ga). The mean paleomagnetic  direction of the characteristic magnetization component and the paleomagnetic pole of the Murmansk craton were calculated using the data from 5 sites (n = 41 samples): D = 117.6°, I = 77.1°, K = 40.9, α95 = 12.1°, slat = 69.265°, slong = 34.35447°, plat = 51.5°, plong = 70.7°, dp/dm = 21.1°/22.6°, and paleolat = 65°. The rocks under study were thoroughly examined for their thermomagnetic properties, revealing that the main carriers of remanent magnetization are single-domain or small pseudo–single-domain (group A) or multidomain (group B) magnetite. The paleointensity values Banc = (6.16 ± 0.92) μT were obtained for 12 samples from group A by the Thellier–Coe method. The corresponding mean virtual dipole moment VDM2.68Ga = (0.85 ± 0.13)×1022 Am2 was determined. These new findings align with previous results on the Archean and Proterozoic objects, indicating that the Earth’s magnetic field was remarkably weak in the Late Archean.
Calculation of Potential Barriers and Blocking Temperatures of Small Pseudo–Single-DomainParticles by Micromagnetism Methods
Authors: Shcherbakov V. P. , Sycheva N. K.
Published: January 2024

Numerical simulation of the process of remagnetization of small pseudo–single-domain magnetite particles (Тc = 580°С) was performed. The particles are cylindrical in shape, with a height h of 60–350 nm and a height-to-diameter ratio of 1.29. This geometry enables preferential anisotropy of the shape, causing the magnetic moment of the particle to align along the cylinder’s axis in a stable state. As the size increases, the domain structure shifts from the single-domain state (60 nm) to the flower mode (h = 70–85 nm), and then to a vortex structure. Particles in the range of h = 75–250 nm are remagnetized through a vortex state, with the axis aligned along their diameter. In the range of h = 300–350 nm, at the top of the potential barrier, the domain structure transforms from a single vortex to a multi-vortex configuration. The blocking temperatures Tb of the particles vary from 520 to 580°C, while the dependence Тb(h) is non-monotonic and manifests a “pit” at h = 90–140 nm. At the same time, at h = 300–350 nm, Tb values differ from by Тс  no more than 1°C. At h = 100 nm, the ratio of magnetic energy in the external field B of the order of the earth to thermal energy at T = Tb reaches 1. This suggests a strong nonlinearity of the TRM(B) dependence even in such small fields and particle sizes. The results obtained highlight the need to revise the existing micromagnetic models by taking into account the specific shape and deficiency of the crystal structure of particles in order to bring them in line with the properties of actual ferrimagnets present in rocks.
Preliminary Magnetic Mineralogical Studies of Lake Beloe Sediments (Southern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Yusupova A. R. , Nurgalieva N. G. , Kuzina D. M. , Sotnikova V. F. , Mulikova D. I.
Published: January 2024

This article overviews the results of a preliminary magnetic and mineralogical study of the bottom sediments of Lake Beloe (Southern Siberia, Russia). The magnetic and mineralogical properties of the sediments were examined. Their variations were correlated with geological factors. A comprehensive magnetic survey was performed: magnetic susceptibility of samples extracted from three sediment cores was measured; normal remanent magnetization in a continuously increasing external magnetic field of up to 1.5 T was calculated; differential thermomagnetic analysis was carried out based on induced magnetization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for certain samples. The magnetic component was divided into three subcomponents based on the normal magnetization curves: ferromagnetic, dia-/paramagnetic, and superparamagnetic. The contribution of each subcomponent to the total magnetization was determined. It was found that the magnetic susceptibility values correlate well across all the studied cores, thus making it possible to compare them. Magnetite and pyrite turned out to be the magnetic minerals distributed throughout almost the entire section. In the Day–Dunlop plot, the studied samples are represented by single-domain (SD) and pseudo–single-domain (PSD) grains. The magnetic components vary consistently along the section, suggesting that the depositional environment underwent substantial changes. Particles similar in composition and morphology to cosmogenic and volcanic spherules were discovered using the SEM method. Based on the obtained results, the boundary between the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits was defined.
Orientation Errors of Paleomagnetic Samples When Using a Magnetic Compass and Possible Ways to Overcome Them
Authors: Lebedev I. E. , Pavlov V. E. , Minaev P. A.
Published: January 2024

A paleomagnetic study of volcanic rocks of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt was performed to identify the scale and distribution pattern of orientation errors associated with the use of a magnetic compass, as well as to find how they influence the accuracy of calculated mean directions at both site and regional levels. The impact of these errors on the position of the final paleomagnetic pole and the dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles, which is a common measure of the amplitude of paleosecular geomagnetic variations, was assessed. The alternative (non-magnetic compass) methods for orienting paleomagnetic samples were analyzed. Their advantages and disadvantages were outlined. A new method for orienting paleomagnetic samples using a theodolite equipped with a laser pointer was proposed. This method has a distinct advantage over previous alternatives as it is not limited by certain critical factors.
DISCHARGING OPEN MASTOID CAVITY CONTRIBUTING FACTORS & APPROACH TO MANAGEMNT
Authors: S. AL- Mayaly Adel , LAFTA HASSOUN YASIR , JABAR KADHIM RAJAA
Published: January 2024

Chronic ear discharge is one of the indications of mastoid surgery, however; this persistent discharge may be the outstanding feature of complicated surgery â€œâ€œDischarging open mastoid cavityâ€. Discharging open mastoid cavity is defined as persistently discharging cavity following canal-wall down mastoidectomy for a period more than 3-6 months.The etiology of this discharging cavity is mutifactorial. This study focuses the light on the contributing factors of the persistence of ear discharge after canal-wall down mastoid surgery: surgical , bacteriological & structural ( Eustachian tube function).Fifty patients with discharging cavity & 40 patients with dry cavity were gathered from the outpatient department of Al-Najaf teaching hospital during the period between " October 2002- November 200 . They were evaluated for discharging open mastoid cavity after canal-wall down mastoidectomy & was found that this problem is mutifactorial in etiology both surgical & non-surgical. We concluded that meticulous surgical technique is essential to prevent such a complication, beside prompt follow up to ensure dry cavity postoperatively
A histopathological study of the umbilical cord of the pregnant women infected with the pregnancy diabetes
Authors: Rashid AL-Abady Salem , Shaker AL-Badry Noah , Abdul Wahab Wasan
Published: January 2024

Ahisttopathological study for samples of umbilicals cord from a group of the women infected with pregnancy diabetes competed with for samples of umbilical cords of group of the women that have a healthy pregnancy and considered as (control). Morphometicmethod has been used with using ocular lens for measuring the diameters of the blood vessels (arteries and veins) of umbilical cord and its thickness.The results have shown an increase in the thickness of the umbilical cord in general, and increasing in thickness and size of the walls of the two vessels and inflation in the endothelial tissues and its hyperhistogenesis with a narrowness in the cavity opening size of the umbilical vessels (artery,vein).
Frequency Of Sexual Dysfunction In Treated and Untreated Depressed Male Patients
Authors: Dawood Ahmed AL-Jiboori Saadoun
Published: January 2024

Objective: Morbidity of depression is not restricted to affective changes, but touches many aspects of psycho-physiological function. One of the most important of these is sexual function. Sexual dysfunction is common among individuals with major depressive disorder.Aim of the study: To compare the frequency and type of sexual dysfunction in depressed patients prior to medication and subsequent to the medication.Method: The sample of the study included 300 consulting male patients attending psychiatric unit in Azdi general hospital ,150 patients of them were on antidepressant medication and 150 of them without medication. Another 150 patients attending general male outpatient department acted as normal controls. We used symptoms checklist of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, 4thedition (DSM-IV), criteria for major depression in order to ascertain the diagnosis. Depression severity was rated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-DRS). Patients sexual function was assessed using Arizon Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX) for men.Results: The levels of libido reported by the depressed patients (55%) differ significantly from normal controls (10%). Patients taking antidepressant medication reported Erectile Dysfunction (52%), Ejaculatory Dysfunction (48%) and Orgasmic Dysfunction (30%) significantly different from untreated depressed patients (20%),(18%),(13%)respectively.Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction was prevalent in depressed male patients.
Acomparative study of Depression among patients with hip fracture With psychiatric depressive patients
Authors: Al-khafagi Abdul zahra , Abdul abbas Ihssan , O. Mossa Algazali Mossa
Published: January 2024

A total (50)patients with hip fracture, admitted to the Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital were screened for the depression and those fitting the criterion for the depression were studied further. 32% of the patients with the hip fracture met the criterion for the depression based on DSMIV. (1) The occurrence of depression and course appeared closely bound up with hip fracture, when compared with depression in (100)psychiatric depressed patients, the hip fracture depressed patients were less severely depressed, less guilty feeling and suicidal, but show sever anxiety, refamdation and helplessnessObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of depression among the patients with fracture around the hip compared with psychiatric depressed patients.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in students exposed to trauma
Authors: Al-Hamzawi Ali , Sarhan Atyaf , Nether Qabas
Published: January 2024

A total of (300) students of secondary school in Diwaniya province were interviewed to assess the psychological impact of the trauma. A post traumatic stress checklist was used for the interview. The result of this study showed that the majority of the students suffer from post traumatic stress disorder.
Bacteriological and Serological Study of Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Throat Infection Among School Children In Najaf Governorate
Authors: K. AL- Mouswi Jafaar , K. AL-yasiri Israa
Published: January 2024

The study presents the findings of bacteriological and immunological examinations of (250) children suffering from throat infection and (350) school children without throat infection as control .one hundred and five (105)infected children and one hundred (100) uninfected children were selected for asessment of ASO titer and CRP level. It was found that group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, a known sore throat pathogens, were significantly detected more often among children with throat infection than among healthy carriers as controls (43.6 % versus. 26 %) respectively. Also there was significant difference (p<0.005) between infected children and healthy carriers in isolation rate of group C beta hemolytic streptococci (16.4 %vs. 8.95 %) respectively.The study indicated that there was significant difference in ASO value 1/200 IU/ml between infected children (57.2 %) and controls (4 %)as well as there was significant relationship between ASO positivity and beta-hemolytic streptococci carriage. There was significant difference in CRP value between infected children (94.3 %) and controls (20 %). the sensitivity and specificity for ASO test was 57 %and 96 % respectively and for CRP test was 94.5 % and 80 % respectively.
The Diagnostic Value of T. helper 1 Cytokines in Tuberculous and Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: Abtan Al-Hilaly Hummadi
Published: January 2024

The pleural effusion is an occasion clinical presentation of tuberculosis and lung cancer and clear differentiation of this condition is critical, as it appeared as typical lymphocytic pleural effusion in both diseases. There is a dominance of Th1 response in tuberculous pleurisy, a matter which encourages the evaluation of Th1 cytokines in order to reveal a possible diagnostic tool. Interferon-gamma (IFN-Î³) as a major product of Th1, Interleukin- 12 (IL-12) and (IL-18) as IFN-Î³ inducing cytokines were evaluated in 39 patient's pleural effusions (10 tuberculous and 29 lung cancer) using ELISA. Our results demonstrated significantly increased levels of IFN-Î³, IL-12 and IL-18 in tuberculous pleural effusions compared with those of malignancies. Moreover, it was found that IFN-Î³ is strongly correlated (r=0.71) with IL-12. The Receiver-Operator-Characteristics (ROC) analysis explored great areas under curves (AUCs) for the three cytokines suggesting diagnostic marking for tuberculous pleurisy differentiating it from malignant one. The most reliable cytokine in the diagnosis was the IFN-Î³ as it appeared at ROC of 0.93 followed by IL-12 and IL-18 which contribute to 0.80 and 0.71 ROC's, respectively. A larger study including more cytokines regarding Th1 and Th2 products is recommended.
Histological study of endometrial biopsies (D&C) in 2007
Authors: Hatam Saeed Rasha , Ahmad Faris Shehab , Mutar Auraibi Najat
Published: January 2024

The aim of present study was carried out firstly to find out the causes for abnormal uterine bleeding in women at Najaf city and secondly to compare the histopathological findings between the premenopausal and postmenopausal women . the total number of cases was 130 women with abnormal uterine bleeding.it has been found that the most frequent age group presentation for D&C was (20-29) years. Premenopausal women for D&C were the most frequent than postmenopausal women . It has also been found that no significant deference between non secretory and secretory phases in two groups of women. Histopathological diagnosis of D&C into normal , retained gestation product , benign and malignant also studied .
The prevalence of neonatal jaundice due To Rh isoimmunization and ABO incompatibilityAdmitted to the maternity and children Teaching hospital in Al-diwaniya city
Authors: Jabbar Al-shami Adel , Naser Al-obaidi Jomah
Published: January 2024

Jaundice is a common neonatal problem. 65% of newborns develop clinical jaundice with bilirubin level above 5 mg/ dl during the first week of life. Hyperbilirubinemia can be toxic, with high level resulting in encephalopathy known as Kernicterus. Rh and ABO incompatibility are one of the causes of neonatal jaundice due to immune hemolysis of RBC in infants. The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence of the neonatal jaundice caused by Rh and ABO incompatibility and identify the type of therapy they received, and to find the relation of gestational age with the cause of jaundice and their treatment, also with the incidence of exchange transfusion to each one (find the relation of Term or Preterm babies with ABO or Rh incompatibility as causes of their jaundice). A total number of 55 neonates who were admitted to the maternity and children teaching hospital in Al-Diwaniya city were studied for the incidence of ABO and Rh incompatibility as causes of neonatal jaundice. Their treatment also subjected to the study. The study found that the prevalence of neonatal jaundice due to ABO incompatibility were 81.8% and due to Rh isoimmunazation were 56.3%, and due to both were 38.1%. 65.4% male and 34.5% female with M: F ratio 1.8:1. 80% of full-term babies their jaundice due to ABO incompatibility where as 86.6% of preterm babies their jaundice due to Rh isoimmunization. All babies with jaundice treated with phototherapy, 15 patients (27.2%) were treated with exchange transfusion and 15 patients (27.2%) were treated with both (phototherapy and ET).Neonatal jaundice due to Rh isoimmunization is less frequent and more sever than due to ABO incompatibility and mostly required exchange transfusion particularly if the neonate is preterm. Anti-D is most important and effective therapy for prevention of Rh isoimmunization, maternal education is required.
Determination of heavy elements levels in blood of children with anemia living at Al- Najaf City.
Authors: S. Nima Rasha , A. Al-Shamri Maha , A. Al-Kadium Mustafa , Al-Shahin Hussein
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to determine Fe ,Pb , Mn ,Se, Cu ,and Zn levels in the blood of children with anemia , living at Al- Najaf City ,as indicators of environmental pollution in this city. Sixty five children (mean age 7.8 Â±0.5) including 34 girls , 28 boys having anemia and the ages matched healthy children 29 girls and 28 boys ,were studied .We observed iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 35 child (16 girls ,19 boys) ,and only anemia (OA) in 30 child (15 girls ,15 boys). It was found that significant difference of Hb, PCV ,MCV (P<0.01) , and ferritin(P<0.001) values in IDA patients (both girls and boys)were found, when compared with healthy children. The results show that there are significantly higher levels of Pb , Mn , and Zn ,in the serum of children in (IDA) group( both girls and boys) in comparison with their control groups . While Se , and Cu levels were significantly lower in (OA) and(IDA) groups , girls and boys, as related to their control groups. In conclusion ,children with iron deficient anemia are more sensitive to the pollutants and more at risk as compared to healthy children . Their bloods are considered as an index of biologically active metals in the body, reflecting direct interaction of atmosphericpollution of a population.
Competitive Inhibition Relationship Between Erythropoietin And Interferon-Gamma In Renal Failure Anemia.
Authors: M. Jasim Ali , A. Sultan Baqur , T. Mashkour Kareem
Published: January 2024

This is an in vitro laboratory study. It was done in order to prove the competitive inhibition between interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and erythropoietin (EPO) in chronic renal failure (CRF) by fixing an inhibition elicited by EPO on IFN-gamma expression by mononuclear cells. These cells were already separated from fresh anticoaggulated blood specimens from nine CRF-patients and nine healthy persons.Then, were co incubated separately with mitogen, phytohemaggluttinin with and without EPO under standard incubation conditions. Thereafter, IFN-gamma level was measured by ELISA. Results have shown that EPO significantly inhibits IFNgamma expression by mononuclear cells in healthy persons, p value < 0.05, while this inhibition is not significant in CRF-patients.
Effect Of Ablaquine Drug On P.Berghei In Vitro(II)
Authors: Majeed Dakhel Khalid
Published: January 2024

The aim of the present study is to establishment of continuous culture of P.berghei using best suitable condition and also the effect of Aablaquine drug on in vitro invasion of P.berghei and the intracellular growth of the parasite .A short â€“term culture using different concentrations ( 10 , 100 , 250 , 500 , 1000 , Î¼g/ml ) of Ablaquine drug along with controls was maitained in 24 well culture trays at 37 oC for 21 hr . The invasion inhibition was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of drug used . 74 % inhibition was recorded with 1000 Î¼g/ml concentration of Ablaquine drug followed by 60 % , 58 % , 47 % , 32 % inhibition caused by 500 Î¼g/ml , 250 Î¼g/ml, 100 Î¼g/ml and 10 Î¼g/ml respectivelly .
The Effect Of Fenugreek Extract In The Growth Inhibition Of Some Bacteria In Vitro.
Authors: K.ibadi Atheer
Published: January 2024

The seed of trigonella Feneum - graecum was extracted with 70% ethanol, the antibacterial activity of different concentration of the extract were tested to inhibition of some Gram positive pathogenicc bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Diplcoccus pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus facials and Gram negative such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp & Pseudomonas aeroginousa. The high concentration â‰¥2mg/ml showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, while pseudomonas auregenosa was resistant to all concentration of extract. The results indicated that the extract of fenugreek plant seeds is important in treatment of bacterial infection & drugs industries.