bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of Stress and Immune Response Pathway Transcripts and miRNAs in Normal Human Endothelial Cells Subjected to Fractionated or Single-Dose Radiation
Authors: Palayoor Sanjeewani T. , John-Aryankalayil Molykutty , Makinde Adeola Y. , Falduto Michael T. , Magnuson Scott R. , Coleman C. Norman
Published: May 2014

Although modern radiotherapy technologies can precisely deliver higher doses of radiation to tumors, thus, reducing overall radiation exposure to normal tissues, moderate dose, and normal tissue toxicity still remains a significant limitation. The present study profiled the global effects on transcript and miR expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells using single-dose irradiation (SD, 10 Gy) or multifractionated irradiation (MF, 2 Gy × 5) regimens. Longitudinal time points were collected after an SD or final dose of MF irradiation for analysis using Agilent Human Gene Expression and miRNA microarray platforms. Compared with SD, the exposure to MF resulted in robust transcript and miR expression changes in terms of the number and magnitude. For data analysis, statistically significant mRNAs (2-fold) and miRs (1.5-fold) were processed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to uncover miRs associated with target transcripts from several cellular pathways after irradiation. Interestingly, MF radiation induced a cohort of mRNAs and miRs that coordinate the induction of immune response pathway under tight regulation. In addition, mRNAs and miRs associated with DNA replication, recombination and repair, apoptosis, cardiovascular events, and angiogenesis were revealed.

Implications: Radiation-induced alterations in stress and immune response genes in endothelial cells contribute to changes in normal tissue and tumor microenvironment, and affect the outcome of radiotherapy. Mol Cancer Res; 12(7); 1002–15. ©2014 AACR.
FGFR3 Translocations in Bladder Cancer: Differential Sensitivity to HSP90 Inhibition Based on Drug Metabolism
Authors: Acquaviva Jaime , He Suqin , Zhang Chaohua , Jimenez John-Paul , Nagai Masazumi , Sang Jim , Sequeira Manuel , Smith Donald L. , Ogawa Luisa Shin , Inoue Takayo , Tatsuta Noriaki , Knowles Margaret A. , Bates Richard C. , Proia David A.
Published: May 2014

Activating mutations and/or overexpression of FGFR3 are common in bladder cancer, making FGFR3 an attractive therapeutic target in this disease. In addition, FGFR3 gene rearrangements have recently been described that define a unique subset of bladder tumors. Here, a selective HSP90 inhibitor, ganetespib, induced loss of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein expression and depletion of multiple oncogenic signaling proteins in RT112 bladder cells, resulting in potent cytotoxicity comparable with the pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor BGJ398. However, in contrast to BGJ398, ganetespib exerted pleiotropic effects on additional mitogenic and survival pathways and could overcome the FGFR inhibitor–resistant phenotype of FGFR3 mutant–expressing 97-7 and MHG-U3 cells. Combinatorial benefit was observed when ganetespib was used with BGJ398 both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, two additional FGFR3 fusion-positive lines (RT4 and SW480) retained sensitivity to HSP90 inhibitor treatment by the ansamycins 17-AAG and 17-DMAG yet displayed intrinsic resistance to ganetespib or AUY922, both second-generation resorcinol-based compounds. Both cell lines, compared with RT112, expressed considerably higher levels of endogenous UGT1A enzyme; this phenotype resulted in a rapid glucuronidation-dependent metabolism and subsequent efflux of ganetespib from SW780 cells, thus providing a mechanism to account for the lack of bioactivity.

Implications: Pharmacologic blockade of the molecular chaperone HSP90 represents a promising approach for treating bladder tumors driven by oncogenic gene rearrangements of FGFR3. Furthermore, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme expression may serve as a predictive factor for clinical response to resorcinol-based HSP90 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Res; 12(7); 1042–54. ©2014 AACR.
Cooperativity of E-cadherin and Smad4 Loss to Promote Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Metastasis
Authors: Park Jun Won , Jang Seok Hoon , Park Dong Min , Lim Na Jung , Deng Chuxia , Kim Dae Yong , Green Jeffrey E. , Kim Hark Kyun
Published: May 2014

Loss of E-cadherin (CDH1), Smad4, and p53 has been shown to play an integral role in gastric, intestinal, and breast cancer formation. Compound conditional knockout mice for Smad4, p53, and E-cadherin were generated to define and compare the roles of these genes in gastric, intestinal, and breast cancer development by crossing with Pdx-1-Cre, Villin-Cre, and MMTV-Cre transgenic mice. Interestingly, gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly more frequent in Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1F/+ mice than in Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1+/+ mice, demonstrating that Cdh1 heterozygosity accelerates the development and progression of gastric adenocarcinoma, in combination with loss of Smad4 and p53. Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1F/+ mice developed gastric adenocarcinomas without E-cadherin expression. However, intestinal and mammary adenocarcinomas with the same genetic background retained E-cadherin expression and were phenotypically similar to mice with both wild-type Cdh1 alleles. Lung metastases were identified in Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1F/+ mice, but not in the other genotypes. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation was identified at the invasive tumor front of gastric adenocarcinomas arising in Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1F/+ mice. This phenotype was less prominent in mice with intact E-cadherin or Smad4, indicating that the inhibition of β-catenin signaling by E-cadherin or Smad4 downregulates signaling pathways involved in metastases in Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1F/+ mice. Knockdown of β-catenin significantly inhibited the migratory activity of Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1F/+ cell lines. Thus, loss of E-cadherin and Smad4 cooperates with p53 loss to promote the development and metastatic progression of gastric adenocarcinomas, with similarities to human gastric adenocarcinoma.

Implications: This study demonstrates that inhibition of β-catenin is a converging node for the antimetastatic signaling pathways driven by E-cadherin and Smad4 in Pdx-1-Cre;Smad4F/F;Trp53F/F;Cdh1F/+ mice, providing novel insights into mechanisms for gastric cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 12(8); 1088–99. ©2014 AACR.
Nonuniform and Variable Arrangements of Ryanodine Receptors Within Mammalian Ventricular Couplons
Authors: Asghari Parisa , Scriven David R.L. , Sanatani Shubhayan , Gandhi Sanjiv K. , Campbell Andrew I.M. , Moore Edwin D.W.
Published: May 2014

Rationale
:

Single-tilt tomograms of the dyads in rat ventricular myocytes indicated that type 2 ryanodine receptors (RYR2s) were not positioned in a well-ordered array. Furthermore, the orientation and packing strategy of purified type 1 ryanodine receptors in lipid bilayers is determined by the free Mg
2+
concentration. These observations led us to test the hypothesis that RYR2s within the mammalian dyad have multiple and complex arrangements.

Objectives
:

To determine the arrangement of RYR2 tetramers in the dyads of mammalian cardiomyocytes and the effects of physiologically and pathologically relevant factors on this arrangement.

Methods and Results
:

We used dual-tilt electron tomography to produce en-face views of dyads, enabling a direct examination of RYR2 distribution and arrangement. Rat hearts fixed in situ; isolated rat cardiomyocytes permeabilized, incubated with 1 mmol/L Mg
2+
, and then fixed; and sections of human ventricle, all showed that the tetramer packing within a dyad was nonuniform containing a mix of checkerboard and side-by-side arrangements, as well as isolated tetramers. Both phosphorylation and 0.1 mmol/L Mg
2+
moved the tetramers into a predominantly checkerboard configuration, whereas the 4 mmol/L Mg
2+
induced a dense side-by-side arrangement. These changes occurred within 10 minutes of application of the stimuli.

Conclusions
:

The arrangement of RYR2 tetramers within the mammalian dyad is neither uniform nor static. We hypothesize that this is characteristic of the dyad in vivo and may provide a mechanism for modulating the open probabilities of the individual tetramers.
Effects of Sex on Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiac Outcomes
Authors: Murthy Venkatesh L. , Naya Masanao , Taqueti Viviany R. , Foster Courtney R. , Gaber Mariya , Hainer Jon , Dorbala Sharmila , Blankstein Ron , Rimoldi Ornella , Camici Paolo G. , Di Carli Marcelo F.
Published: May 2014

Background—

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a prevalent and prognostically important finding in patients with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease. The relative extent to which CMD affects both sexes is largely unknown.

Methods and Results—

We investigated 405 men and 813 women who were referred for evaluation of suspected coronary artery disease with no previous history of coronary artery disease and no visual evidence of coronary artery disease on rest/stress positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. Coronary flow reserve was quantified, and coronary flow reserve <2.0 was used to define the presence of CMD. Major adverse cardiac events, including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, late revascularization, and hospitalization for heart failure, were assessed in a blinded fashion over a median follow-up of 1.3 years (interquartile range, 0.5–2.3 years). CMD was highly prevalent both in men and women (51% and 54%, respectively; Fisher exact test =0.39; equivalence
P
=0.0002). Regardless of sex, coronary flow reserve was a powerful incremental predictor of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.75–086] per 10% increase in coronary flow reserve;
P
<0.0001) and resulted in favorable net reclassification improvement (0.280 [95% confidence interval, 0.049–0.512]), after adjustment for clinical risk and ventricular function. In a subgroup (n=404; 307 women/97 men) without evidence of coronary artery calcification on gated computed tomography imaging, CMD was common in both sexes, despite normal stress perfusion imaging and no coronary artery calcification (44% of men versus 48% of women; Fisher exact test
P
=0.56; equivalence
P
=0.041).

Conclusions—

CMD is highly prevalent among at-risk individuals and is associated with adverse outcomes regardless of sex. The high prevalence of CMD in both sexes suggests that it may be a useful target for future therapeutic interventions.
Impact of Dispatcher‐Assisted Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Neurological Outcomes in Children With Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrests: A Prospective, Nationwide, Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Goto Yoshikazu , Maeda Tetsuo , Goto Yumiko
Published: May 2014

Background

The impact of dispatcher‐assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) on neurological outcomes in children is unclear. We investigated whether dispatcher‐assisted bystander
CPR
shows favorable neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category scale 1 or 2) in children with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
).

Methods and Results

Children (n=5009, age<18 years) with
OHCA
were selected from a nationwide Utstein‐style Japanese database (2008–2010) and divided into 3 groups: no bystander
CPR
(n=2287); bystander
CPR
with dispatcher instruction (n=2019); and bystander CPR without dispatcher instruction (n=703) groups. The primary endpoint was favorable neurological outcome at 1 month post‐
OHCA
. Dispatcher
CPR
instruction was offered to 53.9% of patients, significantly increasing bystander
CPR
provision rate (adjusted odds ratio [
aOR
], 7.51; 95% confidence interval [
CI
], 6.60 to 8.57). Bystander CPR with and without dispatcher instruction were significantly associated with improved 1‐month favorable neurological outcomes (aOR, 1.81 and 1.68; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.67 and 1.07 to 2.62, respectively), compared to no bystander CPR. Conventional CPR was associated with increased odds of 1‐month favorable neurological outcomes irrespective of etiology of cardiac arrest (
aOR
, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.56 to 3.41). However, chest‐compression‐only CPR was not associated with 1‐month meaningful outcomes (
aOR
, 1.05; 95%
CI
, 0.67 to 1.64).

Conclusions

In children with
OHCA
, dispatcher‐assisted bystander
CPR
increased bystander
CPR
provision rate and was associated with improved 1‐month favorable neurological outcomes, compared to no bystander
CPR
. Conventional bystander
CPR
was associated with greater likelihood of neurologically intact survival, compared to chest‐compression‐only
CPR,
irrespective of cardiac arrest etiology.
Revision of the subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas of Culicoides Latreille from India with description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Nandi Mou , Mazumdar Abhijit
Published: May 2014

Indian species of Culicoides Latreille, subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas are revised. The Clavipalpis group sensu Wirth & Hubert is transferred to the subgenus Diphaomyia with revised diagnoses of the subgenus and species groups. One species, C. peculiaris has been removed from the subgenus Diphaomyia, the remaining species are freshly reviewed with description of a new one, Culicoides (Diphaomyia) soleamaculatus sp. n. A key to the Indian species of Diphaomyia is presented here.
Survivors of brain injury: The narrative experiences of being a college or university student
Authors: Cahill Susan M. , Rotter Jamie M. , Lyons Kara K. , Marrone Antonina R.
Published: May 2014

Background.

The deficits associated with a brain injury may pose many challenges to young adult students.

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth exploration of the experiences and processes individuals who self-identify as having a brain injury go through during college or university to overcome obstacles.

Method.

This study used a basic interpretative qualitative design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the constant comparative method.

Findings.

Three themes emerged: balancing act, reality versus injury, and square peg in a round hole. Participants discussed personal strategies that they used to help them be successful. Despite these strategies, the participants continued to feel out of place and felt that seeking disability services would further set them apart from their non-injured peers.

Implications.

Individuals post–brain injury may benefit from occupational therapy services to reduce the challenges associated with functioning in the student role in college and university environments.
Exploring the nexus between health promotion and occupational therapy: Synergies and similarities
Authors: Tucker Patricia , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Irwin Jennifer D. , Mandich Angela D. , Bossers Ann M.
Published: May 2014

Background.

The similarities between health promotion and occupational therapy have been recognized. Both are based on perspectives that share a goal of enabling individuals and populations to improve control over their health. Consequently, it is logical that the principles of health promotion complement the practice of occupational therapy.

Purpose.

This paper highlights the affinity between occupational therapy and health promotion, and discusses ways in which health promotion principles can be incorporated into occupational therapy practice.

Key Issues.

Some Canadian occupational therapists may be unaware of the current discourse in health promotion and, thus, may not be incorporating its principles into practice. Steps are warranted to expand the current knowledge and practice of therapists to include health promotion, with specific attention to providing services for the population.

Implications.

Incorporating health promotion principles into occupational therapy perspectives will facilitate the implementation of the domains of practice within the occupational therapy profile. This paper highlights how the principles of health promotion can impact practice at the individual and community level.
An Effect Size Measure for Raju’s Differential Functioning for Items and Tests
Authors: Wright Keith D. , Oshima T. C.
Published: May 2014

This study established an effect size measure for differential functioning for items and tests’ noncompensatory differential item functioning (NCDIF). The Mantel–Haenszel parameter served as the benchmark for developing NCDIF’s effect size measure for reporting moderate and large differential item functioning in test items. The effect size of NCDIF is influenced by the model, the discrimination parameter, and the difficulty parameter. Therefore, tables of NCDIF’s effect size were presented at given levels of a, b, and c parameters. In addition, a general effect size recommendation for moderate and large NCDIF is also established.
Educating for international social work: Human rights leadership
Authors: Hawkins Catherine Allensworth , Knox Karen
Published: May 2014

As social work increasingly develops an international perspective, there is a need for educational approaches that more fully integrate this content into the curriculum. This article presents an instructional framework focused on developing global leadership using the theme of universal human rights. It encourages students to analyze oppressive practices of power and to pursue equality for all people through acquiring human rights literacy (knowledge), empathy (values), responsibility (action), and transforming this into global leadership (change). It provides examples of teaching strategies that assist students in developing an international perspective to guide social work practice in the global 21st century.
Integrating practice into Russian social work education: Institutional logics and curriculum regulation
Authors: Iarskaia-Smirnova Elena , Rasell Michael
Published: May 2014

Coming at the cusp of 20 years of social work training in Russia, this article analyses why education in universities is still so disconnected from the field of social work practice. Our attention focuses on institutional dynamics that shape the national regulation of social work education, limited practice content in curricula and the mixed impact of international co-operation. The research highlights that achieving broad agreement on the need for practice skills, service user prioritization and a strong values base must be the key focus when developing training in contexts where social work is relatively new.
Polyurethane foam mechanical reinforcement by low-aspect ratio micro-crystalline cellulose and glass fibres
Authors: Hussain Sadakat , Kortschot Mark Timothy
Published: May 2014

The effect of fibre length and fibre aspect ratio on the reinforcement of soybean-based polyurethane foams was investigated. Micro-crystalline cellulose fibres and 260-µm long glass fibres embedded inside polyurethane foams were studied separately. Using X-ray tomography, it was determined that short micro-crystalline cellulose fibres were found solely embedded within the cell struts of the polyurethane foam. The cell struts were reinforced by the micro-crystalline cellulose fibres based on composite theory. An attempt was made to predict the reinforcement by using existing micro-mechanical models including the rule of mixtures and shear-lag theory. The overall foam compressive modulus increased based on the reinforcement of the cell struts and correlated with the foam mechanics model developed by Gibson and Ashby. The intermediate length 260-µm long glass fibres were found to span cells in polyurethane foam and were not embedded within the cell struts. These glass fibres did not contact each other. The reinforcement performance of the intermediate length glass fibres was found to be worse than the short micro-crystalline cellulose fibres. Therefore, these intermediate length fibres that span cells should be avoided for use in reinforcement of soybean-based polyurethane foams.
Experimental study and modeling of nanofoams formation from single phase acrylic copolymers
Authors: Costeux Stéphane , Khan Irfan , Bunker Shana P , Jeon Hyun K
Published: May 2014

Medium to low density thermoplastic nanofoams have previously been produced using nanoparticles as nucleating center. Here we show that by designing the molecular structure of the polymer matrix to achieve high CO2 solubility while controlling the glass transition temperature, it is possible to produce nanofoams with cell nucleation densities as high as 1016/cm3 without introducing nucleation aids. This was achieved by maximizing foam expansion without uncontrolled cell ripening for a series of acrylic copolymers, which were foamed under a set of standard conditions. To predict the role of foaming conditions on foam characteristics, a theoretical foaming model was built to simulate cell nucleation, growth and foam stabilization. Experimental or predicted properties of the polymer/carbon dioxide mixture were used as inputs. Despite simplifying assumptions, such as the use of classical nucleation equations, the semi-quantitative model provides insight into the foam expansion behavior and validates experimental observations.
On the Accuracy of Media-based Conflict Event Data
Authors: Weidmann Nils B.
Published: May 2014

Empirical researchers of civil war rarely collect data on violence themselves and instead rely on other sources of information. One frequently used source is media reports, which serve as the basis for many ongoing data projects in the discipline. However, news reports rarely cover a conflict comprehensively and objectively and may therefore be prone to various reporting issues. This article provides an analysis of the accuracy of information given in news reports. In particular, if focuses on two types of “hard facts” that event data sets require: the location of an event and its severity. By linking media reports to firsthand accounts from a military database, the article does two things: (1) it analyzes the determinants of inaccuracy and confirms the expectation that events with a low number of observers tend to have higher reporting inaccuracies and (2) it assesses the magnitude of these inaccuracies and the implications for conducting empirical analyses with media-based event data.
Beliefs in Emotional Residue in Japan and the United States
Authors: Boucher Helen C. , Vile MacKenzie
Published: May 2014

Japanese participants endorsed a belief in emotional residue (i.e., emotions lingering in a physical space can affect a new person entering it) more strongly than Americans when the question was posed with explicit items. However, both Japanese and Americans expressed the belief when it was measured with indirect, scenario-based questions. Also, both groups thought that negative emotional residues would decay over time. We discuss future research directions.
Direct and Indirect Implications of Pathogen Prevalence for Scientific and Technological Innovation
Authors: Murray Damian R.
Published: May 2014

Rates of scientific and technological innovation vary widely across cultures, but why? Given the previously documented effects of disease threat on cultural values and traits that inhibit innovation, this variation may be due, at least in part, to regional variation in the prevalence of disease-causing pathogens. Five country-level measures of innovation were used to investigate this hypothesis. Preliminary results revealed that pathogen prevalence was significantly associated with all five measures of innovation. Further analyses revealed that pathogen prevalence significantly predicted innovation when statistically controlling for other purported causes of cross-cultural variation in innovation, such as education, wealth, and population structure. Finally, mediational analyses revealed that the effect of disease prevalence on innovation was mediated by levels of collectivism and conformity. These results demonstrate that the previously documented impact of disease threat on cultural value systems may have downstream consequences for scientific and technological innovation.
Mother–Infant Interactions at Home and in a Laboratory Setting
Authors: Lamm Bettina , Gudi Helene , Freitag Claudia , Teubert Manuel , Graf Frauke , Fassbender Ina , Schwarzer Gudrun , Lohaus Arnold , Knopf Monika , Keller Heidi
Published: May 2014

This study addresses the question how the setting of assessment influences maternal playing behavior with their 3-month-old infants across cultures. Mother–infant interactions of 338 dyads from two cultural communities (German middle-class and rural Cameroonian Nso) were videotaped either in their home or in a laboratory setting. Results indicate that both settings of assessment are appropriate to observe cultural differences in maternal interactional behavior. As expected, rural Nso mothers show more proximal interactional behavior than German middle-class mothers, who focus more on distal behavioral strategies. The laboratory setting amplifies cultural differences by culture-specific effects on the playing behavior. Whereas rural Nso mothers show increased activities in the lab, German middle-class mothers’ behavior seems to be inhibited.
Intergenerational Conflict Management in Immigrant Arab Canadian Families
Authors: Rasmi Sarah , Daly Timothy M. , Chuang Susan S.
Published: May 2014

The present studies bridged across the conflict management and family psychology literatures to increase our understanding of intergenerational conflict within the context of immigrant Arab Canadian families. Using a quantitative approach, Study 1 ( n = 71) found that although emerging adults reported relatively low levels of intergenerational conflict, honor-related conflict issues were salient to this population and not captured by the Intergenerational Conflict Inventory. Study 1 also found that emerging adults’ preferred conflict handling style was associated with overall levels of intergenerational conflict as well as cultural orientation and adaptation. Three conflict handling styles (avoid, integrate, and dominate) were associated with increased intergenerational conflict, whereas oblige was associated with decreased intergenerational conflict. These results were confirmed using a qualitative approach in Study 2 ( n = 12). Importantly, Study 2 also suggested that oblige took two distinct forms in this population, as some emerging adults actually obliged their parents in the conflict situation, whereas others stated that they would but covertly disobeyed their parents.
Prevalence of the hospitalisation of mentally ill offenders in the Forensic Unit of the Clinic of Psychiatry in Pristina over a three-year period and long-term strategy implications for the management of the Forensic Mental Health System Service
Authors: Ibishi Nazmie F , Musliu Nebi R , Hundozi Zylfije , Citaku Kaltrina
Published: May 2014

Background

As a new field in our country, forensic psychiatry needs strategies for management and rehabilitation programmes.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of psychiatrically diagnosed inpatients who were hospitalised in the three years from January 2009 to December 2011 and the prevalence of such diagnoses. The specific objectives of this study were to use our results to identify rehabilitation programmes for the treatment of patients and to identify the specific training needs of mental-health professionals.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we collected data about the sociodemographics and violent behaviour of all forensic inpatients who underwent court-ordered psychiatric forensic evaluation and assessment. We reviewed and studied the documented diagnoses based on the following criteria and sources: the ICD-10 criteria for mental disorders, the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), recidivism rates, criminal data, court records and other hetero-anamnesis data. The data were analysed using a descriptive approach.

Results

The subjects were referred for forensic psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis and treatment either directly from prison (23.2%) or from the court (76.8%). The majority of the offenders (85.7%) were currently on trial, and charges of physically threatening others were more common than charges of domestic violence or murder. The prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis was 94.6%, and the most common diagnosis was psychosis (69.1%). Drug abuse and personality disorders, including high-risk behaviours, were also common. The overall relapse rate for aggressive behaviour was 48.9%.

Conclusion

Rehabilitation programmes for treatment and management are needed that specifically focus on psychotic disorders, severe personality disorders and drug abuse.
St Paul’s teaching on ministry and the declarations for a priest in the ordinal
Authors: Stamps Dennis
Published: May 2014

In this article several of the texts from the letters of St Paul used to support the words describing the ministry of a priest in the declarations for a priest in the Church of England ordinal are explored. The texts are examined in their original context and then compared to their apparent intent in supporting the nature of ministry being described in the ordinal. This comparison and contrast suggests some creative use of the texts in the ordinal. But the comparison also illumines how the rich language Paul used about ministry in his letters can inform our understanding of ministry today.
A tissue of truths: The story-weaver
Authors: Walker John
Published: May 2014

Drawing on some original research in the Diocese of Canterbury, this paper explores the vital role of the priest as the shaper of a congregational culture in which both spiritual and congregational growth can thrive. It examines the importance of understanding and articulating the ethos and mythos of a particular faith-community, that shared narrative from which values and perceptions intuitively arise and which gives a congregation its unique character. It analyses the process by which individuals become socialized into faith-communities in a cyclical encounter with questions of identity, a community of faith and Christian tradition. It demonstrates the skilled task of the priest’s role in facilitating this vital process, in which the threads of an individual’s story become first entangled with and then woven into the story both of the wider Christian tradition and of a particular congregation until a transformation of identity takes place.
Epistemic Context and Structural Explanation of Belief
Authors: Ouzilou Olivier
Published: May 2014

Social science studies often explain the emergence of collective beliefs by reference to factors that are supposed to be part of the social context. How do these macro-factors shape the beliefs of individuals? How can structural factors provide evidence supporting a given belief? In answering these questions, I propose a link connecting macro-factors and beliefs by introducing the notion of “evidential categorization.” I expect to show that our structural explanations of beliefs often contain an analysis of the socially diffused systems of reasons—an important part of what we call the “epistemic context of belief-formation”—for they partially determine our evidential categorizations. Finally, I will show by an example, how structural explanations work if they include these components.
Historicism and Critique
Authors: Bevir Mark
Published: May 2014

This paper argues that historicism can provide substantive philosophical grounds for critical theory and various modes of critique. Unlike the developmental historicism that dominated the nineteenth century, we start from a radical historicism tied to nominalism, contingency, and contestability. This radical historicism is compatible with a commitment to truth claims, including the truth of historicism and the truth of particular genealogies and other accounts of the world. Genealogy can be viewed as radical historicism in its critical guise, denaturalizing the ideas it targets. In addition, however, radical historicism provides possible grounds for both historical ontology and a revised version of ideology critique. Ideology is conceived here in relation to failures in consciousness itself rather than the alleged conflicts of a material base.
Comparing Spatial and Multilevel Regression Models for Binary Outcomes in Neighborhood Studies
Authors: Xu Hongwei
Published: May 2014

The standard multilevel regressions that are widely used in neighborhood research typically ignore potential between-neighborhood correlations due to underlying spatial processes, and hence they produce inappropriate inferences about neighborhood effects. In contrast, spatial models make estimations and predictions across areas by explicitly modeling the spatial correlations among observations in different locations. A better understanding of the strengths and limitations of spatial models as compared with the standard multilevel model is needed to improve the research on neighborhood and spatial effects. This research systematically compares model estimations and predictions for binary outcomes between (distance- and lattice-based) spatial and the standard multilevel models in the presence of both within- and between-neighborhood correlations, through simulations. Results from simulation analysis reveal that the standard multilevel and spatial models produce similar estimates of fixed effects but different estimates of random effects variances. Both the standard multilevel and pure spatial models tend to overestimate the corresponding random effects variances compared with hybrid models when both nonspatial within-neighborhood and spatial between-neighborhood effects exist. Spatial models also outperform the standard multilevel model by a narrow margin in case of fully out-of-sample predictions. Distance-based spatial models provide additional spatial information and have stronger predictive power than lattice-based models under certain circumstances. These merits of spatial modeling are exhibited in an empirical analysis of the child mortality data from 1880 Newark, New Jersey.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) Scales as predictors of psychiatric diagnoses
Authors: Haber Jonathan C , Baum Linda J
Published: May 2014

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is an alternative version of the MMPI-2 and is useful for the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. This study sought to assess the relationship between MMPI-2 Scale scores and psychiatric diagnoses, and to identify the scales that best predicted that a diagnosis would be assigned. The sample was comprised of participants who were administered the MMPI-2 between 2001 and 2010 at a university-based psychological services center, and participants were divided into diagnostic categories based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition, Text Revision diagnoses. Categories with enough participants to conduct statistical analyses were examined; these categories included participants who were diagnosed with substance-related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and participants who were not given a psychiatric diagnosis. The Substance-Related Disorders category was not significantly correlated with any scale but was best predicted by Cynicism (RC3) and Substance Abuse (SUB). The Depressive Disorders category was significantly correlated with Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID), Demoralization (RCd), Low Positive Emotions (RC2), and Self-Doubt (SFD) Scales, and was best predicted by RCd. The Anxiety Disorders category did not significantly correlate with any scale but was best predicted by Infrequent Somatic Responses (Fs) and Gastrointestinal Complaints (GIC). The No Diagnosis category was negatively correlated with Infrequent Responses–Revised (F-r), EID, RCd, Helplessness/ Hopelessness (HLP), and Cognitive Complaints (COG), and was best predicted by EID. This study offers important information regarding scales that best predict psychiatric disorders and adds to the research that suggests that the MMPI-2-RF can aid clinicians in the differentiation of psychiatric disorders.
Accountability, Learning, and Response Amid Fiscal Crisis
Authors: Joaquin M. Ernita , Myers Nathan G.
Published: May 2014

A national financial collapse can engender a heightened gubernatorial sense of accountability, leadership, and learning. An attempt at theory building on this theme uses governors’ 2009 speeches as an historical artifact and policy document recording the kind of rhetoric they employed during the “Great Recession.” A quantitative analysis reveals correlations between gubernatorial characteristics and rhetoric. A qualitative approach yields gubernatorial constructs of accountability, leadership, and learning at a time of crisis. The results offer a foundation for further theory building using cross-sectional and longitudinal data.
Coping With Public Value Conflicts
Authors: de Graaf Gjalt , Huberts Leo , Smulders Remco
Published: May 2014

Good governance involves managing conflicting values, leading to the main research question, which consists of three parts: Which public value profiles do public administrators have, which value conflicts do they experience, and which coping strategies are used? Here, previous literature on public value conflicts is discussed first and linked to the literature on street-level bureaucrats and on coping strategies. Then two case studies are presented: a municipality and a hospital. The findings show six different value clusters that administrators adhere to and clarify which value conflicts are typically experienced in various public sector organizations and which different coping mechanisms are used.
Counterbalancing Perspectives on the Current Administrative Telos of American Bureaucracies
Authors: Roman Alexandru V.
Published: May 2014

Although routinely criticized for its many flaws, bureaucracy, as a form of organizing, remains perceived as being more efficient than any other currently known forms of administration. In fact, efficiency is often considered as the primary purpose of bureaucratic organization. This article examines the current administrative telos of American bureaucracies. It makes the twofold argument that bureaucracy’s dominant purpose, as a form of organizing, changes with time, and given the contingency of the political and historical developments of the past four decades, administrative efficiency can no longer be freely associated with bureaucratic constructs. It is hypothesized that instilling stability, by shielding public servants and their decision-making from environmental volatility and stakeholders’ challenges, much of which are political in character, has become the current dominant telos of American bureaucracies.
Who Converts Whom? A Narrative-Critical Exegesis of the Book of Jonah
Authors: Habib Sandy
Published: May 2014

This article aims to examine the book of Jonah using the narrative criticism method. The book is divided into pericopes, viz. narrative units, based on specific criteria. For each pericope, the author attempts to demarcate the initial situation, complication, transforming action, resolution, and final situation. Light is shed on the complication part of each pericope, and it is argued that the complication of the first pericope, i.e. sending Jonah to Nineveh to convert its people, is the main complication of the book and is the one that leads to all the other complications.
The Deus Absconditus of Scripture: An Apophatic Hermeneutic for Christian Contemplatives
Authors: Pizzuto Vincent
Published: May 2014

The profusion of conflicting images of God in the Bible are often effectively categorized and segregated by historical-critical readings of the text in which some images are accepted at the expense of others. The result, however, is the establishment of a “canon within a canon” comprised of more palatable images of the divine while effectively ignoring those deemed to be vulgar or offensive. However, when we read through a hermeneutic rooted in a negative theology (i.e., an “apophatic hermeneutic”), conflicting images of God in the Bible may be understood as a necessary aspect of the verbal profusion that leads the contemplative not to logical contradiction, but to “linguistic self-subversion” (Turner). This can serve to dismantle our secret attachments to our preferred images which are themselves exposed as falling infinitely short of the God revealed in Christ precisely as the Deus absconditus.
Exchanging Social Information Across Cultural Boundaries
Authors: Ravlin Elizabeth C. , Ward Anna-Katherine , Thomas David C.
Published: May 2014

Social information exchange (SIE) in organizations has long been an area of interest for management scholars; however, in recent years, this literature has become fragmented and widely dispersed. As communication and transfer of information increasingly occur between individuals and aggregates of widely varying national and regional cultures, a reconsideration and review of the topic is appropriate, including identification of key issues in this research domain and an integration and synthesis of what we currently know about SIE across cultural boundaries. We examine the last 13 years of cross-cultural SIE research at the country, organization and subunit, team and dyad, and individual levels; provide a basic analytic framework; and provide propositions and direction to guide future research. Our review notes key findings based on three general topics in the literature: (1) antecedents to SIE, (2) process and relational outcomes of SIE, and (3) performance outcomes of SIE. We conclude that this area of research would benefit from increased focus on the nature of the relationship between the exchange partners, the broader social context in which exchanges are embedded, consideration of the capabilities of the actors and their task requirements, and timing of events. Issues regarding SIE quality and fidelity, motivations, cultural distance, and uncertainty are discussed. These research directions can potentially enhance diverse literatures, such as interpersonal interactions, team decision making, knowledge transfer, and corporate governance.
Hours of Paid Work Among Single and Partnered Mothers in Australia
Authors: Brady Michelle , Perales Francisco
Published: May 2014

Research has established that families in developed countries commonly combine multiple sources of child care. Yet, families’ packages of child care and their effect on maternal labor force participation are underresearched, and the few existing empirical studies are primarily descriptive or use cross-sectional data. We add to the existing literature by theorizing and testing the relationships between family type, child care arrangements, and mothers’ work hours using Australian panel data and panel regression models. We find that employed mothers of young children who use a mixed child care package complete more hours of paid work than do employed mothers of young children who use other child care packages, but the reasons for this association are different among single and partnered mothers. For single mothers the most important characteristic of mixed child care packages appears to be their flexibility, whereas for partnered mothers mixed child care increases employment hours by maximizing the hours of child care available to them.
Evaluation of a Telerobotic System for Transnasal Surgery of the Larynx and Airways in Cadavers
Authors: Dharamsi Latif M. , Bajo Andrea , Netterville James L. , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Simaan Nabil
Published: May 2014

Objectives

Minimally invasive, transnasal endoscopic approaches to the larynx have been utilized but are limited by the precision and accuracy afforded to the surgeon. The objective of this study is to analyze the feasibility of a rapidly deployable telerobotic system for enabling transnasal microsurgery of the larynx and upper airways, specifically injection laryngoplasty.

Study Design

This is a feasibility study.

Setting

This study was conducted at a laboratory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Vanderbilt University.

Subjects and Methods

A feasibility study was conducted in which a telerobotic system was transnasally inserted in both a human intubation trainer mannequin and a cadaver. A flexible needle was passed through an instrumentation port and targeted specific areas of the vocal folds of our models to simulate injection laryngoplasty. The experiments were recorded with both still and video photography. Average forces exerted on surrounding tissue and times of deployment were measured.

Results

Our robot was able to expeditiously gain access to the glottis with an average manual insertion time of 5.87 seconds while exerting minimal forces on the surrounding tissues with an average force of 4.45 Newtons. The onboard fiberoptic endoscope conveyed images of adequate quality for the completion of a simulated injection medialization laryngoplasty. The experiment was successfully completed in both mannequin and cadaveric models.

Conclusion

This telerobotic system proved to be capable of being rapidly deployed to the upper airways while exerting minimal forces to the surrounding structures and successfully simulated injection medialization laryngoplasty.
The Nonnormative Celebrity Body and the Meritocracy of the Star System: Constructing Peter Dinklage in Entertainment Journalism
Authors: Meeuf Russell
Published: May 2014

Examining the coverage of Peter Dinklage in entertainment journalism, this article interrogates the possibilities and limitations of a celebrity with a nonnormative body to actually challenge Hollywood’s stereotyping of little people and the cultural tendency to use little people as a source of humor or voyeuristic pleasure. Although the rise of Dinklage to celebrity status created an opportunity for entertainment journalism to question Hollywood casting politics and draw attention to the stigma faced by little people, the discourses surrounding Dinklage have largely created a meritocratic narrative in which the struggles faced by little people in Hollywood are acknowledged but depoliticized. Such a narrative affirms the inherent fairness of the celebrity system, casting the structural and cultural barriers that create inequality as simple obstacles that the talented and hard working will overcome.
Two-year follow-up of first human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence
Authors: Almeida Jose I , Javier Julian J , Mackay Edward G , Bautista Claudia , Cher Daniel J , Proebstle Thomas M
Published: May 2014

Objectives

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endovenous cyanoacrylate-based embolization of incompetent great saphenous veins.

Methods

Incompetent great saphenous veins in 38 patients were embolized by cyanoacrylate bolus injections under ultrasound guidance without the use of perivenous tumescent anesthesia or graduated compression stockings. Follow-up was performed over a period of 24 months.

Result

Of 38 enrolled patients, 36 were available at 12 months and 24 were available at 24 months follow-up. Complete occlusion of the treated great saphenous vein was confirmed by duplex ultrasound in all patients except for one complete and two partial recanalizations observed at, 1, 3 and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis yielded an occlusion rate of 92.0% (95% CI 0.836–1.0) at 24 months follow-up. Venous Clinical Severity Score improved in all patients from a mean of 6.1 ± 2.7 at baseline to 1.3 ± 1.1, 1.5 ± 1.4 and 2.7 ± 2.5 at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively ( p < .0001). Edema improved in 89% of legs (n = 34) at 48 hours follow-up. At baseline, only 13% were free from pain. At 6, 12 and 24 months, 84%, 78% and 64% were free from leg pain, respectively.

Conclusions

The first human use of endovenous cyanoacrylate for closure of insufficient great saphenous veins proved to be feasible, safe and effective. Clinical efficacy was maintained over a period of 24 months.