bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN EKOLOGI BULU BABI DALAM KOMUNITAS RUMPUT LAUT DI PERAIRAN PESISIR KEMA KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Moningkey Ruddy D
Published: July 2019

A study on the functional role of the sea urchin, Salmacis belli, on seagrass bed near the coast of Kema, North Minahasa Regency, was done by analyzing the gut contents, the food preference, and the feeding periodicity. Sea urchins and plants were collected from the seagrass bed by snorkeling along a 100 M transect line with 30 quadrates randomly placed. The feeding periodicity was determined from the gut index in 24 hours with 3 hour intervals.  The results showed that the sea urchin S. belli fed mainly on seagrass Thallasia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides and Halimeda opuntioa. The feeding periodicity data indicated that the sea urchins actively fed in the day. The grazing capacity of the sea urchin was not affected by their body size.  In high density, sea urchins could potentially cause negative impact on the seagrass bed (i.e., destruction of the meadow).
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN TARGET DI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU HOGOW DAN PUTUS-PUTUS SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Rembet Unstain NWJ , Boer Mennofatria , Bengen Dietriech G , Fahrudin Achmad
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCommunity structure of target fishes was analyzed to understand their response to different conditions of coral reefs in several places of Hugow and Putus-Putus islands. This study focused on species abundance and diversity including Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity (H’), species richness (SR), species evenness (J’) and dominance (d) indices, respectively. A multivariate analysis was used for the classification or correspondence factorial analyses. The result recorded 4,501 individuals belonging to 52 species of target fishes. Both cluster and correspondence analyses clearly recognized 3 groups of target fish with 2 major controlling factors for the development of these 3 ecological groups, i.e. coral reef conditions and geographic position to the hydrodynamic condition.ABSTRAKStruktur komunitas ikan target dianalisis untuk melihat respon ikan target terhadap perbedaan kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi Pulau Hogow dan Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 dengan pengambilan data di 6 stasiun. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji variabel komunitas seperti kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies termasuk indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kekayaan spesies (SR), indeks kemerataan spesies (J’) dan indeks dominasi (d). Untuk melihat assemblage ikan target dilakukan analisis multivariat baik analisis klasifikasi maupun analisis faktorial koresponden. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 4501 indidu yang termasuk dalam 52 spesies ikan target. Analisis multivariat baik analisis cluster maupun analisis koresponden telah memisahkan dengan jelas 3 grup ikan target, dimana terdapat dua faktor utama pengendali pembentukan 3 grup ekologis ini yakni faktor kondisi terumbu karang dan faktor posisi lokasi terhadap kondisi hidrodinamika perairan.
LAJU REDUKSI MERKURI OLEH PSEUDOMONAS DIISOLASI DARI PERAIRAN PANTAI TELUK MANADO
Authors: Ijong Frans G
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to isolate and identify Pseudomonas isolated from Manado Bay seawater and to determine the rate of mercury (Hg) reduction produced by isolated strains of Pseudomonas. A 500 ml seawater sample was collected from Tondano River and Manado Bay along the beach of the reclamation site, placed into container and taken to the laboratory for further analysis. Water samples were homogenized by hand shaking and 1 ml water sample was pipetted and then transferred to each 7 ml of Tryptic Soy Broth (pH 7.4) and Alkaline Peptone Water (pH 7.4), separately. After incubation period of 24h at 35oC, these were transferred with ose and streaked on Pseudomonas F Agar, followed by incubation at 35oC for 24h. Free growing colonies were then transferred to slant agar and kept at 4oC as stock culture. Results found that isolated Pseudomonas were chemoorganotrophic and chemoautolithotrophic, Almost all isolated Pseudomonas showed their ability in mercury ions reduction, but some of them did in mercury oxidation. Isolated chemooragnotrophic Pseudomonas tended to reduce mercury ions, but the chemoautolithotrophic one tended to oxidize it. Based on these results, it was found that the rate of Hg reduction was dependent upon the strain type.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi Pseudomonas dari air laut Teluk Manado serta menentukan laju reduksi merkuri (Hg) yang diproduksi oleh strain Pseudomonas terisolasi tersebut. Sampel air laut sebanyak 500 ml dikumpulkan dari Danau Tondano dan sepanjang pantai dari daerah reklamasi Teluk Manado, lalu dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dianalisa lebih lanjut. Sampel air dihomogenkan secara manual, dan 1 ml sampel air dipipet dan kemudian dipindahkan secara terpisah ke 7 ml Tryptic Soy Broth (pH 7,4) dan Alkaline Peptone Water (pH 7,4). Sete-lah masa inkubasi 24 jam pada suhu 35oC, sejumlah sampel dipindahkan ke Pseudomonas F Agar, kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 35oC selama 24 jam. Koloni yang tumbuh bebas kemudian dipindahkan ke agar miring dan disimpan pada suhu 4oC sebagai kultur stok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas terisolasi bersifat chemoorganotrophic dan chemoautolithotrophic. Hampir semua Pseudomonas terisolasi menunjukkan kemampuan dalam penguraian ion merkuri, tetapi beberapa diantaranya dapat juga mengoksidasi merkuri. Pseudomonas yang bersifat chemooragnotrophic cenderung untuk mengurangi ion merkuri, tapi yang bersifat chemoautolithotrophic cenderung mengoksidasinya. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa laju reduksi-Hg oleh Pseudomonas tergantung pada jenis strainnya.
NIRA LONTAR SEBAGAI KANDIDAT DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN SILASE JEROAN IKAN CAKALANG
Authors: Hege Yandres Nelson , Suwetja I Ketut , Ijong Frans G
Published: July 2019

Jeroan ikan sebagai limbah dari pengelolaan ikan cakalang panggang di Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat silase dengan menambahkan bahan nira lontar (Borassus flabellifer) yang telah mengalami fermentasi. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 0–15 hari dan pengujian terhadap total asam, pH, serta kadar protein kasar dilakukan secara teratur. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nira lontar yang telah difermentasi ke dalam jeroan ikan cakalang pada semua konsentrasi secara nyata memberi­kan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat dan menekan pertumbuhan bakteri pembusuk, hal ini erat kaitannya dengan kandungan asam (total asam) nira lontar yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan pH bahan fermentasi. Produk silase jeroan ikan cakalang terbaik, ditinjau dari aspek kadar protein kasar, adalah pada perlakuan konsentrasi nira lontar 10% dengan lama fermentasi 24 jam yang memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 15,46% dari berat basah bahan fermentasi (silase). Kata kunci: Silase, jeroan ikan cakalang, nira lontar, fermentasi   The innards from fresh tuna fish grill in Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur can be used to make silage with addition of fermented sap of lontar palm (Borassus flabellifer). Fermentation was carried out for 0–15 days and regularly tested for total acid, pH, as well as the crude protein content. The results showed that the addition of palm sap that has been fermented into the innards of tuna at all concentrations significantly impact the growth of lactic acid bacteria and suppress the growth of spoilage bacteria, it is closely related to the acid content (total acid) that contribute to the palm sap decrease in pH of fermentation ingredients. Tuna offal silage products best viewed from the aspect of the content of crude protein in the treatment of palm sap concentration of 10% with a 24-hour fermentation time which has a protein content of 15.46% by weight of the wet ingredients fermentation (silage). Keywords: Silage, tuna offal, lontar palm sap, fermentation
MUTU IKAN KAKAP MERAH YANG DIOLAH DENGAN PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI LARUTAN GARAM DAN LAMA PENGERINGAN
Authors: Reo Albert R
Published: July 2019

Ikan adalah salah satu sumber protein hewani yang tinggi (18-20%)untuk memenuhi nutrisi dan kesehatan yang baik untuk tubuh manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar air, lemak dan protein, serta mengetahui preferensi panelis level untuk ikan kakap merah asin. Hasil analisis kadar air produk dengan konsentrasi larutan garam 15% pengeringan 12 jam adalah 37,38% juga konsentrasi larutan garam 17% dengan pengeringan 12 jam adalah 33,71%. Itu berarti memiliki nilai kadar air dapat diterima dan memiliki kualitas yang baik. Hasil kadar protein produk kakap merah asin konsentrasi larutan garam 15% dengan pengeringan 8 jam si 17% dengan pengeringan 10 jam adalah 39,73% memiliki nilai kadar protein dapat diterima dan memiliki kualitas yang baik. Hasil uji organoleptik seperti tekstur, oder, preferensi dan konsentrasi memiliki nilai tinggi dengan konsentrasi larutan garam 15–17%, pengeringan 12 jam. Kata kunci: kakap merah, konsentrasi larutan garam, waktu pengeringan.   Fish is the one of animal protein it means have a importance in nutrition and health. Fish also one the resource animal protein most as a food. Fish have a high protein content is around 18-20%, that is why good for human body. The objective of this research is to know the water content, fat, protein and know the level preference panelis to the salted fish red snapper. The result of water content analysis product with con­centration salted solution 15% with during 12 hours is 37, 38% also concentration salted solution 17% with drying 12 hours is 33,71%. That means have water content value can accepted and have a good quality. The result of protein content the product red snapper salted concentration solution 15% with drying 8 hours si 17% with drying 10 hours is 39,73% have a protein content value can accepted and have a good quality. The result of organoleptic test like texture, oder, preference and concentration the average score have a highest value which the concentration 15–17% salted solution with drying 12 hours because for that treatment organoleptic mostly panelis like it. Keywords: red snapper, salt concentration, drying time.
Waterbath Design equipped With Temperature Distribution Monitor
Authors: Febri Indiani  , Dyah Titisari  , Lamidi
Published: July 2019

Waterbath is a device used to create a constant temperature. This tool is used to incubates in microbiology analysis. Temperature is maintained according to the desired range. The heating element is controlled by the heater driver. This module is created by using Arduino Atmega 328 as a minimum system and time controller, Using a PID controller as temperature control, and using a DS18B20 sensor as a temperature sensor. The design of this study uses pre-experimental methods after only design research. The measurement results are done by comparing the module with a standard measurement instrument that produces the biggest % error in setting temperature of 37 ˚C which is equal to 1.21%, it is related to the boundary between water temperature and temperature setting too short which is affected by the DS18B20 temperature sensor reader that need time, to get a stable temperature reading. The minimum % error located at 60 ˚C, because to reach the temperature setting needs a long time so that DS18B20 the sensor reading is stable of setting temperature which is equal to 0.11%. The value % error of the timer is 3.4 % which the amount of the error is affected by the number of DS18B20 which is used and the delay from the microcontroller. Based on the results obtained this module can be used properly because still on the maximum limit error value less than 5%.
Portable Spirometer for Measuring Lung Function Health (FVC and FEV1)
Authors: Lia andriani  , Priyambada Cahya Nugraha  , Sari Lutfiah
Published: July 2019

Extreme climate change and air pollution caused by dust, smoke, vehicle exhaust gases and industry can increase the chances of contracting various infectious diseases caused by viruses, especially respiratory infections. Lung volume measurements obtained from air that is inhaled and exhaled by someone can help doctors diagnose abnormalities in the lungs. The purpose of this study was to develop an affordable pulmonary function measurement system, which is a spirometer. The main board consists of a non-inverting amplifier, Arduino microcontroller, LCD and SD Card memory. FVC and FEV1 volume measurements are carried out when the breath blew through the MPX5100DP gas pressure sensor. The sensor’s output is a voltage, which is converted to a volume unit using the venturimeter method. The SD card memory is used to store data. The results of measurement data on respondents with a spirometer comparison device then there is an FVC error of 0.98% 5, FEV1 3.83% and FEVI / FVC 2.50%. This value is still below the error tolerance limit of 5%. The design of this spirometer is portable and low cost to be made for mass production to help people to measure the health of lung function in humans.
Electrosurgery Unit Monopolar (Cutting and Coagulation)
Authors: Ridho Armi Nabawi  , Dhany Alvianto Wibaksono  , Tri Bowo Indrato  , Triana Rahmawati
Published: July 2019

Electrosurgery Unit is a medical device that utilizes high frequency and voltage used to cut and dry tissue during the surgical process. The purpose of making this tool is to damage certain body tissues by heating the tissue. Heat is obtained by concentrating high frequency electricity on certain body tissues using active and passive electrodes as a medium. The Electrosurgery Unit involves the use of the CMOS 4069 IC as a frequency generator. The output frequency is set at 300 KHz then forwarded to the pulse regulating circuit and controlled with ic atmega328 then forwarded to the inverter circuit which functions to increase the voltage and output in the form of power. The module is calibrated using ESU Analyzer. This module is equipped with LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH. After the measurements are made, the more load is given higher to the tool, the higher the power released by the tool in each power selection. Then the load relationship and the power released are directly proportional. This ESU was made so that during the surgical process the body's tissue does not experience a lot of blood loss. Besides being able to use it for surgery, it can also be used to close the tissue after surgery.
Foreign ownership and sustainability performance in Indonesia
Authors: Zulaecha Hesty Erviani , Murtanto
Published: July 2019

Purpose: This research is designed to find empirical  evidence on the influence of Foreign Ownership as moderating to enterprise risk management, business strategy, and firm age on sustainability performance.

Research Methodology: This research was tested through random samples of 11 manufacturing companies period 2014-2017. Regression analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses

significant influence to sustainability performance. But, the firm age doesn’t have influence on sustainability performance.

Limitation: The use of secondary data and content analysis methods that cause limitations in conclusions and are subjective.

Implication: This research shows that the harmonious relationship between strategic management related to enterprise risk management, business strategy, and the role of foreign ownership to achieve high sustainability performance.

Keywords: Sustainability performance, Business strategy, Foreign owner, Enterprise risk management, Firm age

How to Cite: Zulaecha, Hesty & Murtanto. (2019). Foreign ownership and sustainability performance in Indonesia. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1), 1-15.
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL VIDEO TERHADAP PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN PADA SISWA KELAS III DI SDN 027 SAMARINDA
Authors: Johan Herni , Reni Dian Puspita , Noorbaya Siti
Published: July 2019

Perilaku mencuci tangan adalah suatu aktivitas, tindakan mencuci tangan yang di kerjakan oleh individu yang dapat diamati secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Permasalahan perilaku kesehatan pada anak usia sekolah biasanya berkaitan dengan kebersihan perorangan dan lingkungan, salah satunya adalah kebiasaan mencuci tangan pakai sabun. Teknik cuci tangan yang salah dapat menyebabkan diare dan ISPA pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan media audio visual video terhadap perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun pada siswa SDN 027 Samarinda.

Desain penelitian menggunakan eksperimen semu (Quasy eksperimen) dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Total sampel 56 responden, dengan jumlah kelompok eksperimen sebanyak 28 responden dan kelompok kontrol sebanyak 28 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah checklist. Sebelum dilakukan analisa data, dilakukan uji normalitas data dengan Shapiro-Wilk. Uji yang digunakan mann whitney dan wilcoxon signed ranks test.

Hasil uji statistik dengan Mann Whitney Test menunjukkan bahwa pada uji pre test kontrol dan eksperimen sebesar 0,083 > 0,05, uji post test kontrol dan eksperimen sebesar 0,001 < 0,05. Hasil uji statistik pretest dan posttest kelompok eksperimen dengan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukkan bahwa nilai 0,001 < 0,05 (ada perbedaan yang bermakna). Sedangkan, pada kelompok kontrol dengan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukkan bahwa nilai 0,173 > 0,05 (tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna).

Bagi praktisi pendidikan  media ini dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mengajarkan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun tidak hanya di sekolah tetapi diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Dengan Peningkatan Kadar Gula Darah Klien Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Litae Litae , Purba Maria Magdalena , Febriani Irene Febriani
Published: July 2019

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a medical disorder is a collection of symptoms caused by elevated levels of sugar or due to insulin resistance. DM is a non-communicable diseases. Riskesdas 2007 in Central Kalimantan diabetes prevalence of 0.9%, but were diagnosed by health personnel by 0.6%. While in the city of Palangkaraya. Prevalence of diabetes of 1.4%, but were diagnosed DM client just as much as 1.1%. This study aims to determine the relationship of the level of anxiety with increased blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus clients in the region of Bukit Pukesmas Hindu city of Palangkaraya. Methods descriptive analytic cross sectional study design. The research sample as many as 65 people. The results showed that the DM Client Anxiety in Puskesmas Bukit Hindu city of Palangkaraya that her blood sugar levels <200 mg / dl was 23.1% mild anxiety and 24.6% were worried. Anxiety DM client that blood glucose levels> 200 mg / dl was 21.5% mild anxiety, and 30.8% were worried. Obtained a significant relationship between the level of anxiety with increased levels of sugar in clients with diabetes mellitus, where respondents blood sugar> 200 mg / dl with a moderate level of anxiety has peluag 5.787 times greater risk than the volunteers were mild anxiety level.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Gejala Kelelahan Mata Pada Pengrajin Sarung Tenun Kota Samarinda
Authors: Anggriani Yeni , Ramdan Iwan M , Lusiana Dina
Published: July 2019

Eyestrain is affected by several factors as follows the factor from the artisan itself, work factor and working environment factor. This research aims to know correlated factors with eyestrain symptom on woven sarong artisan of Samarinda City. Quantitative research with cross-sectional approach is done on September – October 2018 with total samples of 50 artisans (total sampling). Measuring instruments which are used are questionnaire and lux meter type DX-100. Data analysis uses Phi correlation test with a = 0.05. Research result shows woven sarong artisan who experiences eyestrain symptom as many as (64%), and  woven sarong artisan who does not experience eyestrain symptom (36%). There are correlation between age (p = 0.000) and work time (p = 0.003). There are no correlation between daily working time (p = 0.090) and lighting intensity (p= 0.486). It is suggested to artisans to use toolkit such as magnifiying glass, to manage working time, and break time to minimize eyestrain occurrence. For artisan who uses lamp as main lighting source to pay attention lighting level which is used, in this case is lux lighting.
N-(1-Phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylate esters in the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds
Authors: Głowacka Iwona E , Trocha Aleksandra , Wróblewski Andrzej E , Piotrowska Dorota G
Published: July 2019

Since Garner’s aldehyde has several drawbacks, first of all is prone to racemization, alternative three-carbon chirons would be of great value in enantioselective syntheses of natural compounds and/or drugs. This review article summarizes applications of N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylates, -carbaldehydes and -methanols in syntheses of approved drugs and potential medications as well as of natural products mostly alkaloids but also sphingoids and ceramides and their 1- and 3-deoxy analogues and several hydroxy amino acids and their precursors. Designed strategies provided new procedures to several drugs and alternative approaches to natural products and proved efficiency of a 2-substituted N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine framework as chiron bearing a chiral auxiliary.
The East Asian Observatory SCUBA-2 Survey of the COSMOS Field: Unveiling 1147 Bright Sub-millimeter Sources across 2.6 Square Degrees
Authors: Simpson J. M. , Smail Ian , Swinbank A. M. , Chapman S. C. , Chen Chian-Chou , Geach J. E. , Matsuda Y. , Wang R. , Wang Wei-Hao , Yang Y. , Ao Y. , Asquith R. , Bourne N. , Coogan R. T. , Coppin K. , Gullberg B. , Hine N. K. , Ho L. C. , Hwang H. S. , Ivison R. J. , Kato Y. , Lacaille K. , Lewis A. J. R. , Liu D. , Michałowski M. J. , Oteo I. , Sawicki M. , Scholtz J. , Smith D. , Thomson A. P. , Wardlow J. L.
Published: July 2019

We present sensitive 850 μm imaging of the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field using 640 hr of new and archival observations taken with SCUBA-2 at the East Asian Observatory’s James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The SCUBA-2 COSMOS survey (S2COSMOS) achieves a median noise level of σ
850μm = 1.2 mJy beam−1 over an area of 1.6 sq. degree (main; Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys footprint), and σ
850μm = 1.7 mJy beam−1 over an additional 1 sq. degree of supplementary (supp) coverage. We present a catalog of 1020 and 127 sources detected at a significance level of >4σ and >4.3σ in the main and supp regions, respectively, corresponding to a uniform 2% false-detection rate. We construct the single-dish 850 μm number counts at S
850 > 2 mJy and show that these S2COSMOS counts are in agreement with previous single-dish surveys, demonstrating that degree-scale fields are sufficient to overcome the effects of cosmic variance in the S
850 = 2–10 mJy population. To investigate the properties of the galaxies identified by S2COSMOS sources we measure the surface density of near-infrared-selected galaxies around their positions and identify an average excess of 2.0 ± 0.2 galaxies within a 13″ radius (∼100 kpc at z ∼ 2). The bulk of these galaxies represent near-infrared-selected submillimeter galaxies and/or spatially correlated sources and lie at a median photometric redshift of z = 2.0 ± 0.1. Finally, we perform a stacking analysis at submillimeter and far-infrared wavelengths of stellar-mass-selected galaxies (M
⋆ = 1010–1012
M
⊙) from z = 0–4, obtaining high-significance detections at 850 μm in all subsets (signal-to-noise ratio, S/N = 4–30), and investigate the relation between far-infrared luminosity, stellar mass, and the peak wavelength of the dust spectral energy distribution. The publication of this survey adds a new deep, uniform submillimeter layer to the wavelength coverage of this well-studied COSMOS field.
First Determination of 2D Speed Distribution within the Bodies of Coronal Mass Ejections with Cross-correlation Analysis
Authors: Ying Beili , Bemporad Alessandro , Giordano Silvio , Pagano Paolo , Feng Li , Lu Lei , Li Hui , Gan Weiqun
Published: July 2019

The determination of the speed of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is usually done by tracking brighter features (such as the CME front and core) in visible light (VL) coronagraphic images and by deriving unidimensional profiles of the CME speed as a function of altitude or time. Nevertheless, CMEs are usually characterized by the presence of significant density inhomogeneities propagating outward with different radial and latitudinal projected speeds, resulting in a complex evolution eventually forming the interplanetary CME. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time how coronagraphic image sequences can be analyzed with the cross-correlation technique to derive two-dimensional (2D) maps of the almost instantaneous plasma speed distribution within the body of CMEs. The technique is first tested with the analysis of synthetic data and then applied to real observations. Results from this work allow us to characterize the distribution and time evolution of kinetic energy inside CMEs, as well as the mechanical energy (combined with the kinetic and potential energy) partition between the core and front of the CME. In the future, CMEs will be observed by two channels (VL and UV Lyα) coronagraphs, such as Metis on board ESA Solar Orbiter mission as well as the Lyα Solar Telescope on board the Chinese Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory mission. Our results will help in the analysis of these future observations, helping in particular to take into account the 2D distribution of Lyα Doppler dimming effect.
Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Electron–Positron–Proton Plasmas: Implications for Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Sironi Lorenzo , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Giannios Dimitrios
Published: July 2019

Magnetic reconnection is often invoked to explain the nonthermal radiation of relativistic outflows, including jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Motivated by the largely unknown plasma composition of AGN jets, we study reconnection in the unexplored regime of electron–positron–proton (pair-proton) plasmas with large-scale two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We cover a wide range of pair multiplicities (lepton-to-proton number ratio κ = 1–199) for different values of the all-species plasma magnetization (σ = 1, 3, and 10) and electron temperature (

). We focus on the dependence of the post-reconnection energy partition and lepton energy spectra on the hot pair plasma magnetization

 (i.e., the ratio of magnetic to pair enthalpy densities). We find that the post-reconnection energy is shared roughly equally between magnetic fields, pairs, and protons for

 ≳ 3. We empirically find that the mean lepton Lorentz factor in the post-reconnection region depends on σ, Θ
e
, and

 as

, for σ ≥ 1. The high-energy part of the post-reconnection lepton energy distributions can be described by a power law, whose slope is mainly controlled by

 for κ ≳ 3–6, with harder power laws obtained for higher magnetizations. We finally show that reconnection in pair-proton plasmas with multiplicities κ ∼ 1–20, magnetizations σ ∼ 1–10, and temperatures Θ
e
 ∼ 1–10 results in particle power-law slopes and average electron Lorentz factors that are consistent with those inferred in leptonic models of AGN jet emission.
Prediction of Flares within 10 Days before They Occur on the Sun
Authors: Alipour Nasibe , Mohammadi Faranak , Safari Hossein
Published: July 2019

Prediction of solar flares due to the effects on Earth and satellites is an important topic for scientists. We develop a method and a tool for flare prediction by applying the support vector machine classifier to unique and independent Zernike moments extracted from active region (AR) images. In the analysis, we used the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) line-of-sight magnetograms, the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) ultraviolet (UV at 1600 Å) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV at 304, 171, 193, 211, 335, 94, and 131 Å) images for a period of eight years of the solar cycle 24 (2010 June to 2018 September). The power-law behavior for the frequency distribution of the large flaring time window—the time interval between the occurrence of an AR and first large flare (X- and M-class) therein—indicated that most of the large flares appeared within 150 hr. The True Skill Score (TSS) metric for the performance of the win classifier that (uses the outputs of the HMI and AIA at 193, 211, 94, and 131 Å classifiers) was obtained as 0.86 ± 0.04. We also showed that the maximum value of the TSS for prediction of large flares for the win classifiers was about 0.95 ± 0.03 on the flaring day and decreased to 0.76 ± 0.1 within 4 to 10 days before flaring.
Hierarchical Particle Mesh: An FFT-accelerated Fast Multipole Method
Authors: Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: July 2019

I describe a modification to the original Fast Multipole Method (FMM) of Greengard & Rokhlin that approximates the gravitation field of an FMM cell as a small uniform grid (a “gridlet”) of effective masses. The effective masses on a gridlet are set from the requirement that the multipole moments of the FMM cells are reproduced exactly, hence preserving the accuracy of the gravitational field representation. The calculation of the gravitational field from a multipole expansion can then be computed for all multipole orders simultaneously, with a single Fast Fourier Transform, significantly reducing the computational cost at a given value of the required accuracy. The described approach belongs to the class of “kernel independent” variants of the FMM method and works with any Green function.
Exploring a Photospheric Radius Correction to Model Secondary Eclipse Spectra for Transiting Exoplanets
Authors: Fortney Jonathan J. , Lupu Roxana E. , Morley Caroline V. , Freedman Richard S. , Hood Callie
Published: July 2019

We highlight a physical effect that is often not considered that impacts the calculation of model spectra of planets at secondary eclipse, affecting both emission and reflection spectra. The radius of the emitting surface of the planet is not merely one value measured from a transit light curve, but is itself a function of wavelength, yet it is not directly measurable. At high precision, a similar effect is well known in transit “transmission spectroscopy” but this related effect also impacts emission and reflection. As is well appreciated, the photospheric radius can vary across ∼4–8 atmospheric scale heights, depending on atmospheric opacity and spectral resolution. This effect leads to a decreased weighting in model calculations at wavelengths where atmospheric opacity is low, and one sees more deeply into the atmosphere, to a smaller radius. The overall effect serves to mute emission spectra features for atmospheres with no thermal inversion but to enhance features for atmospheres with a thermal inversion. While this effect can be ignored for current Hubble observations, it can lead to wavelength-dependent 10%–20% changes in planet-to-star flux ratios in the infrared at R ∼ 200–1000 (readily achievable for James Webb Space Telescope) for low-gravity hot Jupiters, although values of 5% are more typical for the population. The effect is mostly controlled by the ratio of the atmospheric scale height to the planet radius, and can be important at any planetary temperature. Of known planets, the effect is largest for the cool “super-puffs” at very low surface gravity, where it can alter calculated flux ratios by over 100%. We discuss complexities of including this photospheric radius effect in 1D and 3D atmosphere models.
Amanita ahmadii, a new species of Amanita subgenus Amanitina section Validae from Pakistan
Authors: Jabeen Sana , Kiran Munazza , Khan Junaid , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Ahmad Habib , Sher Hassan , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: July 2019

A new species from coniferous forests in Pakistan,Amanitaahmadii, is described on the basis of morpho-anatomy and molecular data set analyses. This species is characterized by its medium-sized to large basidiomata, grayish brown to brown pileal surface and rimose pileus margin with gray to dark brown verrucose veil remnants, a cream stipe with bulbous base having grayish brown or brown longitudinal striations above the annulus, a scaly surface towards the base, globose to broadly ellipsoid and amyloid basidiospores, and the absence of clamped septa in all tissues. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences confirmed its identity as a new taxon nested within subgen. Amanitinasect.Validae.
In memoriam: Campbell Robert Smith (1951–2019)
Authors: Vane-Wright Richard I.
Published: July 2019

Campbell Smith was employed as an entomologist at London’s Natural History Museum for 35 years, during which time he worked on various catalogues, curated parts of the museum collections, and contributed to the output of several research groups. In 2009 he took early retirement to look after his widowed father. His sudden and unexpected death on 11th March 2019 came as a shock to former museum staff and various entomologists around the world, acknowledging his loss with sorrow mixed with good memories of this most amiable colleague and friend.
Pollinators on the polar edge of the Ecumene: taxonomy, phylogeography, and ecology of bumble bees from Novaya Zemlya
Authors: Potapov Grigory S. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Filippov Boris Yu. , Gofarov Mikhail Yu. , Kolosova Yulia S. , Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Tomilova Alena A. , Zubrii Natalia A. , Bolotov Ivan N.
Published: July 2019

The High Arctic bumble bee fauna is rather poorly known, while a growing body of recent molecular research indicates that several Arctic species may represent endemic lineages with restricted ranges. Such local endemics are in need of special conservation efforts because of the increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate changes. Here, we re-examine the taxonomic and biogeographic affinities of bumble bees from Novaya Zemlya using historical samples and recently collected materials (1895–1925vs.2015–2017). Three bumble bee species inhabit the Yuzhny (Southern) Island and the southern edge of Severny (Northern) Island of this archipelago:BombusglacialisFriese, 1902,B.hyperboreusSchönherr, 1809, andB.pyrrhopygusFriese, 1902.Bombusglacialisshares three unique COI haplotypes that may indicate its long-term (pre-glacial) persistence on Novaya Zemlya. In contrast,BombushyperboreusandB.pyrrhopygusshare a rather low molecular divergence from mainland populations, with the same or closely related haplotypes as those from Arctic Siberia and Norway. A brief re-description ofBombuspyrrhopygusbased on the newly collected topotypes is presented. Habitats, foraging plants and life cycles of bumble bees on Novaya Zemlya are characterized, and possible causes of extremely low bumble bee abundance on the archipelago are discussed. The species-poor bumble bee fauna of Novaya Zemlya is compared with those in other areas throughout the Arctic. The mean bumble bee species richness on the Arctic Ocean islands is three times lower than that in the mainland Arctic areas (3.1vs.8.6 species per local fauna, respectively). General linear models (GLMs) indicate that this difference can be explained by specific environmental conditions of insular areas. Our findings highlight that the insularity is a significant factor sharply decreasing species richness in bumble bee assemblages on the Arctic Ocean archipelagoes through colder climate (lower summer temperatures), prevalence of harsh Arctic tundra landscapes with poor foraging resources, and in isolation from the mainland.
La singularité de la géopolitique indienne en Afrique
Authors: Jain-Grégoire Pooja
Published: July 2019

Le succès d’une géopolitique est soit lié aux ressources mobilisées à son effet, soit à sa singularité. Politique postcoloniale aux ressources limitées, comment la géopolitique indienne se démarque-t-elle en Afrique ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques singulières de cette géopolitique ? Notre analyse privilégie trois axes de réflexion. La première partie de l’article analyse le discours géopolitique de l’Inde. Autrement dit, quels sont les repères singuliers de ce discours ? Comment contribue-t-il à maintenir et renouveler les relations de l’Inde avec l’Afrique ? La deuxième partie se prête à une analyse des acteurs qui se trouvent au cœur de cette géopolitique. Quelle est la singularité des interactions entre les secteurs public et privé indiens en Afrique ? La troisième et dernière partie de cet article se consacre à la compréhension du soft power indien en Afrique. L’article se termine avec une analyse des risques menaçant la durabilité de cette géopolitique indienne en Afrique.
La diplomatie multilatérale de l’Inde : entre engagement constant et choix intéressés
Authors: Soulé Folashadé
Published: July 2019

Depuis son accession à l’indépendance en août 1947, la politique étrangère de l’Inde a été marquée par un fort engagement dans des formes multiples de coopération multilatérale. Cet engagement se reflète en pratique par un fort activisme dans les organisations internationales formelles et larges comme l’ONU mais également en parallèle dans des formes plus souples et semi-formelles de coopération comme les clubs rassemblant d’autres puissances régionales et dites « émergentes » comme le Brésil, l’Inde et l’Afrique du Sud ou encore le G20. Cet article axé sur la période 1947-2014 introduit dans un premier temps les évolutions de la diplomatie Sud-Sud de l’Inde, et analyse dans un second temps les fonctions et usages de l’engagement de l’Inde dans des forums sélectifs à l’image des clubs d’émergents comme le forum Inde-Brésil-Afrique du Sud et le forum Brésil-Russie-Inde-Chine-Afrique du Sud et comment la participation de l’Inde dans ces structures sélectives contribue à lui faire gagner des marges de manœuvre politiques. Nous analyserons ensuite de manière critique comment cette participation active se retrouve toutefois limitée par des concurrences régionales entre l’Inde et la Chine et par un déficit de capacités structurelles.
Le tirage au sort au XXI e siècle. Actualité de l’expérimentation démocratique
Authors: Courant Dimitri , Sintomer Yves
Published: July 2019

Alors que la crise du gouvernement représentatif s’intensifie, le tirage au sort est plus que jamais sur le devant de la scène. Après une ère de mini-publics délibératifs n’ayant pas réussi à susciter de changement politique systémique, une seconde vague d’expérimentations démocratiques émerge. Ces dispositifs, davantage empowered et institutionnalisés, s’hybrident avec des formes de démocratie participative, représentative et directe. Mais ils dessinent des dynamiques contrastées pour le futur, entre une radicalisation de la démocratie et une légitimation du gouvernement représentatif.
Délibérer avant le référendum d’initiative citoyenne : l’Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Review
Authors: Knobloch Katherine R. , Gastil John , Reitman Tyrone , Farnea Vincent
Published: July 2019

Bien que les mini-publics délibératifs connaissent une popularité grandissante, peu ont été formellement institutionnalisés dans des systèmes de gouvernement. L’Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR) est un mini-public auquel il a été accordé une telle légitimité par son adoption comme composante du processus de référendum d’initiative citoyenne en Oregon. La CIR connecte le travail du mini-public à l’ensemble du corps civique en rédigeant un Citizens’ Statement sur lequel les votants peuvent s’appuyer pour déterminer leur vote lors de référendums d’initiative citoyenne. Cet article raconte l’histoire de la CIR, de son périple vers la légitimité institutionnelle et explore comment ce dispositif a été promu et mis en place dans de nouveaux contextes.
Autour de quelques impensés du sens commun sociologique
Authors: Giry Johan
Published: July 2019

Dans un contexte intellectuel où l’on aurait pu attendre des tentatives récurrentes de délégitimation de la sociologie qu’elles suscitent en retour une distanciation de ses praticiens vis-à-vis de leur propre sens commun, cet article pointe certains impensés qui grèvent encore les diagnostics de « crise » émis à l’endroit de cette discipline. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur l’espace de réflexivité dégagé, en partie malgré lui, par Marc Joly dans son ouvrage Pour Bourdieu (2018), à l’occasion duquel il s’emploie à disqualifier les griefs formulés contre l’architecture conceptuelle bourdieusienne par Jean-Louis Fabiani ( Pierre Bourdieu. Un structuralisme héroïque , 2016). Quatre impensés ressortent de cette lecture critique de la critique : 1) le structuralisme est-il bien le continuateur du holisme ? 2) L’action sociale peut-elle s’appréhender uniquement à l’aune de la métaphore du jeu ? 3) La « pluralité » du social n’est-elle qu’un prétexte à la revalorisation philosophique du « sujet » ? 4) La sociologie pourrait-elle profiter, à terme, du renouveau du naturalisme social ? Cet article montre que, faute de proposer, sinon d’assumer complètement, une quadruple négation de ces impensés, nous nous privons collectivement de repères pourtant essentiels à la saisie des sources de la crise actuelle de la sociologie comme de ses possibles issues.
Utilité du test de marche de 6 minutes comme outil d’évaluation de la poursuite de l’activité physique après une rééducation réadaptation cardiovasculaire
Authors: Racodon Michaël , Porrovecchio Alessandro , Pezé Thierry
Published: July 2019

Résumé : l’évaluation de l’éducation thérapeutique du patient fait partie intégrante des programmes de rééducation réadaptation cardiovasculaire. Notamment l’évaluation de la poursuite de l’activité physique après une rééducation. Les outils d’évaluation de la poursuite d’activités physiques sont peu nombreux et nous pouvons penser que l’utilisation d’un test de terrain comme le test de marche de 6 minutes peut donner quelques indications. Objectif : cette recherche étudie l’utilité du test de marche de 6 minutes comme outil d’évaluation du maintien de la pratique physique à distance de la rééducation. Méthodes : nous avons mené une étude rétrospective sur 168 patients (133 hommes et 35 femmes) âgés de 60,65 ans (+/-9,7). Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié les données de l’épreuve d’effort et du test de marche de 6 minutes à l’entrée et à la fin de la rééducation. Puis dans un deuxième temps nous avons étudié les données d’un test de marche de 6 minutes et d’un questionnaire IPAQ réalisés 6 mois, après la fin de la rééducation. Résultat : le test de marche de 6 minutes est corrélé de manière significative à l’épreuve d’effort initiale et finale (r= 0,5456, p <0,001 pour épreuve d’effort initiale, r= 0,604, p <0,001 pour épreuve d’effort finale), ce qui confirme la validité de ce test en rééducation cardiovasculaire. Nous avons observé une légère corrélation entre le test de marche de 6 minutes et le questionnaire IPAQ (r= 0,3923, p <0,001) 6 mois après la rééducation. Selon les résultats de l’IPAQ, les patients qui ont des dépenses physiques importantes durant la semaine conservent leur distance de marche lors du test de marche de 6 minutes. Conclusion : le test de marche de 6 minutes est un test fiable en rééducation cardiovasculaire. Il peut être combiné avec un questionnaire IPAQ, pour évaluer à distance de la rééducation, l’observance des patients concernant la pratique physique.
Comment favoriser la sécurité psychologique des étudiants en soins infirmiers lors de l’enseignement des gestes et soins d’urgence par simulation ?
Authors: Spill Christine , Gatin Amélie
Published: July 2019

Contexte : depuis 2006, les étudiants en soins infirmiers sont formés aux gestes et soins d’urgence par la simulation. Cette dernière peut être source d’insécurité psychologique. But : l’étude vise à explorer les stratégies déployées par les formateurs à l’attestation de formation aux gestes et soins d’urgence (AFGSU) pour garantir la sécurité psychologique des étudiants lors d’une séance de simulation. Méthode : une recherche qualitative a été réalisée, dans une approche exploratoire, par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de formateurs AFGSU intervenant en semestre 2. Résultats : les formateurs déploient des stratégies de prévention en regard de facteurs de risque d’insécurité psychologique. Lorsque l’étudiant est en insécurité voire en détresse, ils mobilisent des outils de remédiation. Ces stratégies interviennent aux trois temps de la simulation : le briefing, le scénario et le débriefing. Discussion : en simulation, l’importance des risques psychologiques pour les étudiants doit être prise en considération par les formateurs. Les risques doivent être anticipés dès la conception et l’exécution des séances de simulation. Conclusion : la gestion des étudiants en détresse psychologique doit-être mieux abordée en formation de formateur AFGSU.
Efficiency of ultrasound assisted extract of Delonix regia petals as natural antioxidant on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil
Authors: Morsi M. K.S. , Morsy N. F.S. , Golshany H. S.
Published: July 2019

The possibility of improving the oxidative stability of sunflower oil by enriching it with carotenoids from Delonix regia petals was studied. A combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and stirring techniques was used. The optimal conditions were material/solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/v), ultrasonic power of 30 W and extraction time of 50 min. Under these conditions, the yield of total carotenoids was 503.0 μg/g dry weight. Increasing the acoustic power density degraded carotenoids. A HPLC analysis was used for the quantification of β-carotene in the extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the carotenoid-rich extract were found to be superior to the standard Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The enrichment of sunflower oil with carotenoid-rich extract at 67.46 mg carotenoids/kg oil improved its oxidative stability by more than 50% as measured by the Rancimat method. These results suggest that the investigated extract has the potential to be used as a bio-preservative in food products.
Valorization of a high-acidity residual oil generated in the waste cooking oils recycling industries
Authors: Álvarez-Mateos P. , García-Martín J. F. , Guerrero-Vacas F. J. , Naranjo-Calderón C. , Barrios-Sánchez C. C. , Pérez-Camino M. C.
Published: July 2019

A sludge fraction is obtained from the industries which recycle cooking oil and this sludge contains a large amount of oil with an extremely high acidity ( > 60%). In this work, we propose a scheme for methyl ester production from this residual oil consisting of the esterification of the free fatty acids followed by the transesterification of the remaining triglycerides. Esterifications were carried out with different methanol:oil molar ratios, and various catalysts in different weight ratios. The results revealed that homogeneous catalysts produced higher yields than heterogeneous ones in the esterification reaction. With the aim of improving the process, a previous triglyceride hydrolysis was assayed using lipases from Candida rugosa. Finally, the 3-stage process was performed under the most favorable conditions for each stage obtaining 84% wt. fatty acid methyl esters, which shows the potential of this residual oil as a source of biodiesel.