bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation of brown adipose tissue by a low-protein diet ameliorates hyperglycemia in a diabetic lipodystrophy mouse model
Authors: Munoz Marcos , Zamudio Alexa , McCann Maximilian , Gil Victoria , Xu Pingwen , Liew Chong Wee
Published: March 2023

Long-term ad libitum dietary restrictions, such as low-protein diets (LPDs), improve metabolic health and extend the life span of mice and humans. However, most studies conducted thus far have focused on the preventive effects of LPDs on metabolic syndromes. To test the therapeutic potential of LPD, we treated a lipodystrophy mouse model IRFKO (adipose-specific insulin receptor knockout) in this study. We have previously shown that IRFKO mice have profound insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and whitenng of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), closely mimicking the phenotypes in lipoatrophic diabetic patients. Here, we demonstrate that 14-day of LPD (5.1% kcal from protein) feeding is sufficient to reduce postprandial blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, and normalize glucose tolerance in the IRFKO mice. This profound metabolic improvement is associated with BAT activation and increase in whole body energy expenditure. To confirm, we showed that surgical denervation of BAT attenuated the beneficial metabolic effects of LPD feeding in IRFKO mice, including the ‘browning’ effects on BAT and the glucose-ameliorating results. However, BAT denervation failed to affect the body weight-lowering effects of LPD. Together, our results imply a therapeutic potential to use LPD for the treatment of lipoatrophic diabetes.
Back Pain and Radicular Pain After Lumbar Microdiscectomy
Authors: Koivunen Konsta , Pernaa Katri I. , Saltychev Mikhail
Published: March 2023

Purpose: It is generally expected that lumbar microdiscectomy affects radicular leg pain, but not so much local back pain. The objectives were to evaluate if the trajectories of changes in pain severity follow similar patterns for back pain and radicular leg pain after lumbar microdiscectomy and to investigate the effect of some preoperative parameters on the patterns of these trajectories.
Methods: Register-based retrospective study of 353 patients undergoing microdiscectomy in lumbar spine. Linear mixed modelling was applied.
Results:
The average age was 46 years and 44% were women. In general, back and leg pain demonstrated similar developmental trajectories. Pain level steeply decrease during the first three months after the surgery. After three months, pain level was slightly worsening. No statistically significant effects of gender or age on pain trajectories were detected. Preoperative duration of pain was significantly associated with steeper pain worsening after one year. Milder pain before surgery predicted better outcome.
Conclusion: It seems that microsurgical discectomy may alleviate both back and radicular leg pain demonstrating similar developmental curves. Age or gender did not significantly affect the trajectories of pain severity after the surgery. Prolonged and more severe preoperative pain was significantly associated with worse pain after surgery through the entire two-year follow-up.
Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@Pr-NH2@DAP as a magnetic recyclable nano-catalyst for efficient synthesis of pyranothiazolopyrimidines and 4H-pyrans under solvent-free condition
Authors: Maryam Danehchin , Ali Esmaeili Abbas
Published: March 2023

In this research, we description synthesis of a novel silica-coated nano-Fe3O4 particles, which were successfully modified by diaminopyrimidine, and its physicochemical properties were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, EDX-mapping, and TGA. The catalytic activity of this novel nano-catalyst was evaluated by three-component reactions for the preparation of pyranothiazolopyrimidines and 4H-pyrans under solvent-free conditions. Recyclability of the catalyst up to six consecutive rounds, atom economy, high yield and purity of desired products, and easy work-up method are some of the exciting features of this system that make it more favorable from a green chemistry point of view.
A Machine Learning based approach to osteoporosis classification: correlational and comparative analysis between Osseus and DXA exams
Authors: Albuquerque Gabriela de A. , de Carvalho Dionísio D. A. , Cruz Agnaldo S. , Santos João Paulo Q. , Machado Guilherme M. , Gendriz Ignácio S. , Fernandes Felipe R. S. , Barbalho Ingridy M. P. , Santos Marquiony M. , Teixeira César A. D. , Henriques Jorge M. O. , Gil Paulo , Neto Adrião D. D. , Campos Antonio L. P. S. , Lima Josivan G. , Paiva Jailton C. , Morais Antonio H. F. , Lima Thaisa Santos , Valentim Ricardo A. M.
Published: March 2023

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by impairment of bone microarchitecture that causes high socioeconomic impacts in the world because of fractures and hospitalizations. Although dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for diagnosing the disease, access to DXA in developing countries is still limited due to its high cost, being present only in specialized hospitals. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Osseus, a low-cost portable device based on electromagnetic waves that measures the attenuation of the signal that crosses the medial phalanx of a patient's middle finger and was developed for osteoporosis screening. The analysis is carried out by predicting changes in bone mineral density using Osseus measurements and additional common risk factors used as input features to a set of supervised classification models, while the results from DXA are taken as target (real) values during the training of the machine learning algorithms. The dataset consisted of 505 patients who underwent osteoporosis screening with both devices (DXA and Osseus), of whom 21.8% were healthy and 78.2% had low bone mineral density or osteoporosis. A cross-validation with k-fold = 5 was considered in model training, while 20% of the whole dataset was used for testing. The obtained performance of the best model (Random Forest) presented a sensitivity of 0.853, a specificity of 0.879, and an F1 of 0.859. Since the Random Forest (RF) algorithm allows some interpretability of its results (through the impurity check), we were able to identify the most important variables in the classification of osteoporosis. The results showed that the most important variables were age, body mass index, and the signal attenuation provided by Osseus. The RF model, when used together with Osseus measurements, is effective in screening patients and facilitates the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The main advantages of such early screening are the reduction of costs associated with exams, surgeries, treatments, and hospitalizations, as well as improved quality of life for patients.
A chip-scale atomic beam clock
Authors: Martinez Gabriela , Li Chao , Staron Alexander , Kitching John , Raman Chandra , McGehee William
Published: March 2023

Atomic beams are a longstanding technology for atom-based sensors and clocks with widespread use in commercial frequency standards. Here, we report the demonstration a chip-scale microwave atomic beam clock using coherent population trapping (CPT) interrogation in a passively pumped atomic beam device. The beam device consists of a hermetically sealed vacuum cell fabricated from an anodically bonded stack of glass and Si wafers. Atomic beams are created using a lithographically defined microcapillary array connected to a Rb reservoir1 and propagate in a 15 mm long drift cavity. We present a detailed characterization of the atomic beam performance (total Rb flux ≈ 7.7 × 1011 s-1 at 363 K device temperature) and of the vacuum environment in the device (pressure < 1 Pa), which is sustained using getter materials which pump residual gases and Rb vapor. A chip-scale beam clock is realized using Ramsey CPT spectroscopy of the 87Rb ground state hyperfine transition over a 10 mm Ramsey distance in the atomic beam device. The prototype atomic beam clock demonstrates a fractional frequency stability of ≈ 1.2 × 10-9/√τ for integration times τ from 1 s to 250 s, limited by detection noise. Optimized atomic beam clocks based on this approach may exceed the long-term stability of existing chip-scale clocks, and leading long-term systematics are predicted to limit the ultimate fractional frequency stability below 10-12.
Comparing aerosol exposure and prevention strategies during bystander, pre- hospital, and inpatient cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Hung Tzu-Yao , Wen Chung-Shiung , Yu Sheng-Han , Chen Yi-Chung , Chen Hsin-Ling , Chen Wei-Lun , Lin Chung-Lung , Hu Shih-Cheng , Lin Tee , Su Yung-Cheng , Wu Chih-Chieh
Published: March 2023

Background To evaluate aerosol exposure risk and prevention strategies during bystander, pre-hospital, and inpatient cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Methods This study compared hands-only CPR, CPR with a surgical or N95 mask, and CPR with a non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min. 30:2 compression-ventilation ratio CPR was tested with face-mask ventilation (FMV), FMV with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter; supraglottic airway (SGA), SGA with a surgical mask, SGA with a HEPA filter, or SGA with both. Continuous CPR was tested with an endotracheal tube (ET), ET with a surgical mask, a HEPA filter, or both. Aerosol concentration at the head, trunk, and feet of the mannequin were measured to evaluate exposure to CPR personnel.
Results Hands-only CPR with a surgical or N95 face mask coverings and ET tube ventilation CPR with filters showed the lowest aerosol exposure among all study groups, including CPR with NRM oxygenation, FMV, and SGA ventilation. NRM had a mask effect and reduced aerosol exposure at the head, trunk, and feet of the mannequin. FMV with filters during 30:2 CPR reduced aerosol exposure at the head and trunk, but increased at the feet of the mannequin. A tightly-sealed SGA when used with a HEPA filter, reduced aerosol exposure by 21.00%-63.14% compared with a loose-fitting one.
Conclusion Hands-only CPR with a proper fit surgical or N95 face mask coverings is as safe as ET tube ventilation CPR with filters, compared with CPR with NRM, FMV, and SGA. FMV or tight-sealed SGA ventilation with filters prolonged the duration to achieve estimated infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 2.4-2.5 times longer than hands-on CPR only. However, a loose-fitting SGA is not protective at all to chest compressor or health workers standing at the foot side of the victim, so should be used with caution even when using with HEPA filters.
Deep Learning Aided Web-Based Procedural Modelling of LOD2 City Models
Authors: Usta Ziya , Akın Alper Tunga , Cömert Çetin
Published: March 2023

Use cases such as shadow or solar potential analysis require the use of the LOD2 building models (Level of Detail 2) and the generation of the LOD2 models requires the proper generation of the roof geometries. In general, obtaining roof type information and succeeding generations of the LOD2 models requires expensive aerial surveys and time-consuming construction processes. In this study, a methodology to generate LOD2 building models using only 2D building footprints and aerial imagery is explained to overcome these challenges. Using this methodology, condominiums could be generated as 3D if condominium unit plans are provided as well. The roof type information has been obtained from an aerial image that covers the entire study area using a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model with an 89.9 % accuracy rate. Then, the roof geometries have been constructed procedurally by extending and implementing the Straight Skeleton (SS) algorithm for three main types of roofs: flat, gable and hipped. These constructed roof geometries have been combined with LOD1 block models generated by extruding the 2D footprints according to the height attribute. The proposed methodology has been developed as a web-based solution utilizing RESTful web services with modern web technologies. In summary, the main novelty of the study is based on two contributions: the extension of the SS algorithm for the construction of roof geometries and the web-based generation of LOD2 building models.
Longitudinal change in castration-resistant prostate cancer biomarker AST/ALT ratio reflects tumor progression
Authors: Mitsui Yozo , Yanabe Fumito , Hori Shunsuke , Uetani Masato , Aoki Hiroshi , Sakurabayashi Kei , Okawa Mizuho , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nagao Koichi , Nakajima Koichi
Published: March 2023

We investigated whether aspartate transaminase (AST)-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and its change during the course of treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients is associated with tumor condition and lethality. Clinical data from 130 CRPC patients were retrospectively evaluated. AST/ALT ratios at the time of prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), CRPC diagnosis, and the final follow-up examination after CRPC treatment were calculated for each. The prognostic capabilities of the AST/ALT ratio for overall survival (OS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox hazard models. The median AST/ALT ratio at the PC diagnosis was 1.517 and the optimal value predicting lethality defined by the receiver operating curve was 1.467. The AST/ALT ratio decreased once during ADT and then elevated in a stepwise manner with cancer progression. The median AST/ALT ratio at the PC diagnosis in surviving patients was 1.423, which did not change longitudinally, whereas that of in deceased patient was significantly higher (1.620) and further elevated after CRPC diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated significantly worse OS in patients with the AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1.467, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis. We identified the AST/ALT ratio as a prognostic biomarker for CRPC that changed longitudinally reflecting tumor progression.
Website Accessibility Evaluation of the Federal Government of Nepal
Authors: Dangol Pabitra
Published: March 2023

Website accessibility concerns easy and all-time access to information from the website for all people. The constitution of Nepal provisioned equal access to information to all people as a fundamental right. The ICT policy and website directive of Nepal also target equal access to all government websites. This paper attempted to evaluate the websites of 25 high-level institutions of the federal government websites of the government of Nepal for website accessibility based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 guidelines provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and some provisions of Government website development and management directive, 2021. This research uses web-based online tools such as SortSite for WCAG 2.1 conformance test; WAVE to evaluate contrast error and Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) errors; W3C markup validation service for HTML validation; and W3C CSS validation service for CSS validation. The results were found unsatisfactory with only 4% of the websites of the federal government of Nepal being confirmed to the level "A" and "AAA"; only 24% of websites are contrast and ARIA error-free; only 4% of websites are passed in HTML and CSS validation. However, the websites are somehow satisfactory when evaluating them against the website directive, 2021. Therefore, the federal government should implement an integrated website management system in all institutions, which should conform to WCAG guidelines.
Modeling and statistical study of a DBN for Cloud and Cloudlet environment within IoT technologies
Authors: KORTAS Nawel , YOUSSEF Habib
Published: March 2023

The IoT has generated an amount of data that puts enormous pressure on the internet infrastructure. Therefore, companies are scrambling to find ways to alleviate this pressure and solve the data problem. Cloud Computing plays a major role in this, in particular by making all connected devices work together. Virtual machine (VM) migration concept and the architecture of datacenters for cloud computing have a significant impact on latency and energy cost. In order to lower latency and energy usage while maintaining SLA restrictions, this work focuses on how to employ VM migration to achieve steady physical machine use. Using the novel MVMM scheduler method for virtual machine migration, we suggest modeling and statistical analysis of a Dynamic Bayesian Network for cloud and cloudlet environments within IoT technologies. It use a Dynamic Bayesian Network study to decide where and when a particular VM migrates. Indeed, to improve latency and energy consumption by limiting the number of upcoming migrations, the statistical study computes a score for each VM candidate for migration using datacenter metrics as input. In addition, this paper focuses to set solution of network latency problem for communicating objects in IoT technologies by the use of Cloudlets environment by proposing a conception of a local datacenter that allows users to connect to their data from any point and through any devices. The performance demonstration results for resource utilization rate, average execution time, and lost packets show that cloudlet applications have a significant advantage over local and remote connections.
MTHFR act as a potential cancer biomarker in immune checkpoints blockades, heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration
Authors: Wu Zhongjun , Peng Jianheng
Published: March 2023

Purpose To evaluate the role and landscape of 5-10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) to immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment, heterogeneity, immune checkpoints blockades, prognostic significance across cancer types.
Methods Data sets of genomic, transcriptomic and clinic features of MTHFR across >60,000 patients and up to 44 cancer types were comprehensively analyzed using R software.
Results Expression of MTHFR gene is significantly lower in 17 tumors and correlated with OS, DSS, PFI in specific tumors. Gene alterations of MTHFR are observed significant differences across tumor types. Expression of MTHFR is negatively correlated with the mDNAsi, mRNAsi, DMPsi, ENHsi, EREG-mDNAsi and EREG-mRNAsi in the most cancers. MTHFR showed significantly correlated with 67 types of immune cell infiltration scores in 44 cancer types by XCELL algorithm. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis are conducted to show the core tumor mechanism and biological process. Correlations between MTHFR and biomarkers of heterogeneity (MSI, TMB, MATH, HRD, LOH, Neoantigen, ploidy and purity) are also significant in specific tumors. MTHFR is significantly positively correlated with biomarkers of immune related genes (CD19, CD274, CD80, CD86) and mismatched repair genes (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, EPCAM, MLH3, PMS1, EXO1) in most cancer types. ROC analyses show MTHFR could act as a biomarker in anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 group of ontreatment, in anti-PD1 (pembrolizumab) group in pretreatment. Two immunohistochemistry antibodies HPA076180 and HPA077255 are verified in 20 types of tumor and could be used to detect the expression of MTHFR efficientlyin clinic.
Conclusions MTHFR could predict the response of immune checkpoints blockades, heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration.
CCL5 Promotes LFA-1 Expression in Th17 Cells and Induces LCK and ZAP70 Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhao JingWei , Mao Zhijuan , Yi Qu , Wang Danlei , Li Jiangting , An Ke , Min Zhe , Xue Zheng
Published: March 2023

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the pathological deposition of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Th17 cells are considered to be responsible for the direct loss of DA neurons. C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) specifically induces Th17 cell infiltration in the substantia nigra (SN). However, the specific effect of CCL5 on Th17 cells in PD and the relationship between CCL5 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression in Th17 cells have not been clarified.
Methods: We evaluated the effects of CCL5 on LFA-1 expression in Th17 cells in mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Moreover, we examined Th17 cell differentiation upon CCL5 stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of CCL5 on tyrosine kinase zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70) and lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) activity in CCL5-stimulated Th17 cells in vivo and in vitro.
Results: CCL5 increased the proportion of peripheral Th17 cells in MPTP-treated mice, LFA-1 expression on Th17 cells, and the number of Th17 cells in the SN of MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, CCL5 promoted Th17 cell differentiation and LFA-1 expression in naive T cells cultured in vitro. Moreover, CCL5 increased the differentiation of Th17 cells and the expression of LFA-1 by stimulating LCK and ZAP70 activation in naïve CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, inhibiting LCK and ZAP70 activation reduced the proportion of peripheral Th17 cells and surface expression of LFA-1 in MPTP-treated mice, and the number of Th17 cells in the SN was also significantly decreased.
Conclusion: CCL5, which could increase the differentiation of Th17 cells and LFA-1 protein expression by activating LCK and ZAP70, could increase Th17 cells in the SN, induce the death of DA neurons and aggravate PD.
3D printing assisted MIPO for treatment of complex middle-proximal humeral shaft fractures
Authors: Hu Chaoran , Cao Yongfei , Cen Chaode , Luo Qin , Qiu Bing
Published: March 2023

Background To explore the clinical efficacy of 3D printing assisted MIPO technique for treating complex middle-proximal humerus fractures(AO 12C fracture type).
Methods The data of 42 participants who received a complicate middle-proximal humerus fracture from the beginning of 2018 to the end of 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were assigned to two groups: minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique with detailed preoperative planning assisted by 3D printing (group A), and traditional MIPO (group B).
Results All patients were followed-up for 8-24 months (mean: 16.12±4.13 months). There were obvious differences found in the operation time, c-arm usage time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. However, no significant differences were observed in the range of shoulder joint motion (ROM), the occurrence of complications (surgical incision site infection, flexible internal fixation, bone nonunion and radial nerve palsy), QuickDASH score and Constant score between the two groups.
Conclusion Preoperative 3D printing assisted MIPO technique can reduce the operation time, and exhibits obvious advantages in terms of operational efficiency, which can be applied to treat complex middle-proximal humeral fractures.
Circular wood use can accelerate global decarbonisation but requires cross-sectoral coordination
Authors: Forster Eilidh , Healey John R. , Styles David , Newman Gary
Published: March 2023

Productive forestry can deliver multifaceted climate-change mitigation benefits, including carbon sequestration and avoided emissions from fossil-fuel-derived product substitution. However, predominantly linear use of wood substantially limits the potential mitigation contribution of forestry value-chains. Using lifecycle assessment, we show that more circular and cascading use of wood can provide immediate and sustained climate change mitigation by reducing demand for virgin wood, increasing carbon sequestration and storage, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the clear benefits of implementing circular economy principles in forestry value-chains, we identify many functional barriers impeding the structural reorganisation needed for such complex system change. A mind-set shift towards knowledge sharing and collaboration is fundamental to transform the value-chain into an effective societal change system and lead to coherent action; with trade organisations performing important advocacy and organising functions, and governments driving wood flow transparency to reveal efficiency and resourcing opportunities.
ELISA Assay for estimation of Prednisolone Drug Using Bridge Heterology in Enzyme Conjugates
Authors: Sonkar Subash , Kumar Dinesh , Oberoi Harinder Singh , Singh Harpal , Shrivastav T.G , Bhukya Prudhvi Lal , Kumari Mansi
Published: March 2023

The introduction of spacers in coating steroid protein complex and / or enzyme conjugates or immunogen is known to exert an influence on the sensitivity of steroid enzyme immunoassays. We have introduced different homobifunctional spacers between enzyme and prednisolone (PSL) moiety having atomic length 3 to 10 and studied their influence on functional parameters such as sensitivity and specificity of PSL enzyme immunoassays. In this study, four enzyme conjugates of PSL-21-HS and HRP were prepared by N-Hydroxy Succinimide mediated carbodiimide reaction, these were PSL-21-HS-adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH)-HRP, PSL-21-HS- carbohydrazide (CH)-HRP, PSL-21-HS-ehylenediamine (EDA)-HRP and PSL-21-HS- urea (U)-HRP. The assays were developed using these enzymes conjugate with antibody raised against PSL-21-HS-BSA immunogen. The sensitivity of the PSL assays after insertion of bridge in enzyme conjugate were 1.22 ng/mL, 0.59 ng/mL, 0.48 ng/mL and 0.018 ng/mL with ADH, CH, EDA and urea as spacer respectively. Among all four combinations, PSL-21-HS-BSA antibody and PSL-21-HS-U-HRP enzyme conjugate gave better sensitivity and showed cross-reaction with less number of steroids. The percent recovery of PSL from the exogenously spiked human serum pools was in the range of 88.32-102.50 %. The intra and inter assay CV % was < 8.46%. The PSL concentration was estimated in the serum samples of patients on PSL treatment. The serum PSL values obtained by this method correlated well with the commercially available kit (r2 = 0.98). The present study, suggests that the nature of the spacer is related to assay sensitivity and not the spacer length.
Enhancing Global Transparency Index for Accurate Calculation of Poverty Rate
Authors: ALMUAIGEL SAMI I
Published: March 2023

In this research, the aim is to increase the accuracy of the Global Transparency index and to use it to calculate the poverty rate.
Alzheimer’s Disease Prediction using MRI Images: Hybrid IV3-VGG19 Model
Authors: GADDE SAI GOPALA SWAMY , Vaka Bhargavi , Vadapalli Sai Kumar
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
War impact on the market value of the industrial complex enterprises of Ukraine
Authors: Boiarko Іryna , Hrytsenko Larysa , Tverezovska Oleksandra , Saltykova Hanna , Kyrychenko Kostyantyn
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the paper is to assess the war impact on the market value of the industrial complex enterprises of Ukraine. This is an important task for determining the investment needs to restore the Ukrainian economy, substantiating the reparations for Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which should include the damage caused after the unleashing of a full-scale war from 24.02.2022 , and losses in the early phases of military aggression (after 22.02.2014).The author’s method of assessing the market value is based on the CVA concept. The war impact on the enterprises market value should be manifested through changes in the effects of exploitation and financing liabilities, which show a differentiated effect from changes in the internal and external business environment of enterprises in wartime. Estimates should be based on the possibility of both negative and positive effects. The main direction of the negative influence is the financing effect, which is due to the action of the external business environment factor. The Kane-Essian argument should be considered in the estimates by calculating normalized effect sizes.The normalized cumulative war impact equaled 165.1 billion dollars, which corresponds to 44.4% of the total market value of industrial enterprises of Ukraine, estimated for the period 2014–2022. About 14.4% of the total war impact on the market value of Ukraine’s industrial enterprises is attributed to the financing effect. Loss assessments can be used to evaluate the investment needs to restore destroyed and damaged business property. To determine the amount of compensation for damage caused by the war, the market value of an enterprise according to the CVA method can be used.
Quality of Life of People Living with HIV and AIDS on Art from a Tertiary Hospital in North Kerala
Authors: Mundodan Jesha
Published: March 2023

Quality of life (QoL) refers to how well we live. Some people say the quality of life is about wealth and owning things, while others may define it in terms of physical, mental, and emotional well-being. A cross-sectional study on the quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS attending ART-Clinic Calicut, a tertiary care unit in North Kerala where patients can check their CD4 count and get antiretroviral treatment free of cost. The study was conducted from over a period of 6 months with the help of two sets of questionnaires, part 1 to interview the subject on Socio-demography, Family details, Personal habits, Risk behavior, Disease-related details and part 2 for assessing quality of life by WHOQoL-HIV instrument. The sample size was calculated to be 310. The current study shows a good overall quality of life. The study shows a better score for the physical domain, psychological domain, independence domain, social relationship domain, and Environment domain but a lower score for spirituality/ religion/ personal belief domain. Social support given to PLHA was found to be an independent determinant that significantly improves Overall QoL and all its domains. The absence of HIV infection among children significantly improves all domains of QoL. The absence of opportunistic infection significantly improves all domains except the Physical domain which shows improvement but is not significant. All factors that improve Overall QoL were found to be improving all six domains of QoL. Keywords: Quality of life, QoL, People living with HIV and AIDS, PLHA.
Assessment of the Knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Primary Healthcare Centers in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: A. Orji Ikechukwu
Published: March 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects the liver and can lead to potentially life-threatening acute or chronic disease. The population with high HBV infection prevalence of ≥ 8%, such as Nigeria, presents the highest risk of HBV transmission among health-workers. There is a need to disseminate knowledge of HBV infection and the risk of transmission to health-workers. In this baseline study, the team assessed the knowledge of HBV infection among health-workers in Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) in AMAC, Abuja. We conducted cross-sectional descriptive research that studied 168 randomly selected health-workers from 58 PHCs in AMAC, collected data with a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and analyzed it with SPSS version 21.0. The knowledge level of HBV symptoms and transmission ranged from 57.1% to 85.7%s and 84.5% to 91.7%, respectively. About 67% demonstrated good knowledge of HBV screening for pregnant women and 69% of Hepatitis B vaccination at birth. All the PHCs (100%) reported the unavailability of guidelines/protocols for HBV infection in pregnancy management and prevention. Furthermore, 51.2%, 53.7%, and 55.6% demonstrated poor knowledge of referral, PMTCT eligibility, and increased need for laboratory tests, respectively. Moreover, 60.2% showed poor awareness of treatment eligibility and 61.2% of choice of drug. Concluding, the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of HBV infection symptoms, transmission, screening for pregnant women, and vaccination schedules to prevent HBV infection. They showed a poor understanding of the referral of pregnant HBV seropositive women from the PHCs to secondary/tertiary hospitals, PMTCT, laboratory requirements for pregnant seropositive clients, and management of chronic HBV in pregnancy. Keywords: Abuja, Hepatitis B virus Infection, Health-workers, Knowledge, Primary healthcare centers.
The Role of the Notary when Making a Canceled Purchase Agreement Deed in Court (Review of Articles 15 and 16 of the Indonesian Notary Law)
Authors: Prasetyo Danang Hani , Prihatinah Tri L. , . Sulistyandari
Published: March 2023

A notary deed is an authentic deed drawn up by or before a notary according to the form and procedure stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Office of a Notary. Article 15 of the law on the position of a notary regulates the authority of a notary, and Article 16 of the law on the position of a notary regulates the obligations of a notary. In carrying out these powers and obligations, a role is required in the form of a series of actions that are supportive in carrying out the duties of a notary in accordance with his position if the Notary does not play a role in causing the deed to be canceled, as in the Supreme Court Decision No. 535 PK/Pdt/2017 (1) the cancellation was due to an imbalance between what was written in the sale and purchase agreement deed and the facts of the parties. The decision of the Surabaya District Court (2) stated that the deed made by a notary was valid according to legal provisions. In contrast, the decision of the Surabaya High Court (3) stated that the deed was legally flawed. The decision of the Supreme Court (4) at the cassation and review level upheld the decision. This study analyzes the juridical factors that cause the deed of sale and purchase agreement made before a notary to be void based on a court decision and analyzes the role of the Notary in making a sale and purchase agreement deed. The research method used is normative juridical, using secondary data obtained from literature studies, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The juridical factor that caused the cancellation of the sale and purchases agreement deed by the Notary, according to the Supreme Court's decision upholding the high court's decision, was because the plaintiff of the convention could prove the argument for his lawsuit regarding bilyet giro not for land payment in the sale and purchase agreement deed but for the sale and purchase of scrap metal where the plaintiff (seller) is an intermediary in buying and selling scrap metal. The Notary has yet to play a role in making the sale and purchase agreement deed, which resulted in the sale and purchase agreement deed being canceled based on a court decision. The problem is caused by the Notary not carrying out roles, such as providing legal counseling in connection with doing the deed as stipulated in the notary position law Article 15 paragraph (2) letter (e), carrying out the task carefully as stipulated in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter a, Reading the deed before the parties attended by at least 2 (two) witnesses as referred to in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter (m).
Ukraine’s Integration into the European Social Space: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Protsiuk Ihor , Boichuk Dmytro , Chyzhov Denys
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence and purpose of the social state, as a state of general well-being, which is one of the key aspects of the perception of the state based on the principle of the rule of law (rule of law). The subject of the research is the following categories of jurisprudence: social legal state, European social model, European social space, social policy of the state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main features of the social state as a model of the ideal state, the social policy of the state, the European social model, domestic achievements, problems and providing proposals for the fastest entry of Ukraine into the European social space. The research uses dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, logical, historical, comparative-legal, theoretical modeling and other methods traditional for jurisprudence. Some aspects of the development of social statehood in Ukraine are studied, namely the activity of such an institution of civil society as the volunteer movement and its influence on the formation of such a state, as well as the implementation of the social function of the state in relation to persons with disabilities. The experience of the European Union in the spheres of social protection and environmental human rights is considered. The need for further adaptation of the main foundations of the country's social direction of our state to the European social space has been identified. Based on the conducted research, the following conclusions were formulated: the welfare state marks a certain historical stage in the development of the concept of a democratic, legal state; the functioning of such a state, at the current stage of society's development, is possible in the presence of an appropriate model of the social market economy, which ensures the stability of modern society and its sustainable development; the improvement of the legal foundations of the social state at the current stage should take place taking into account the tendency to "green" the democratic, legal state, as well as the formation of the European social model and integration into the European social space; within the social sphere of such a state, the implementation of socio-economic and environmental rights enshrined at the constitutional level should be guaranteed.  Recommendations are given on borrowing the experience of European countries in building a social state in Ukraine, ensuring the rights of vulnerable categories of Ukrainian citizens, along with state authorities and local self government bodies, as well as civil society institutions.
The Bounds of Law
Authors: Stovba Oleksiy
Published: March 2023

The article is dedicated to the reasoning of the bounds of law. The specificity of the chosen approach expresses itself as the attempt to clarify, what gives us a possibility to consider this or that entity as “Law.” It’s worth to remark, that any scientist, never mind on his/her scientific specificity, tends to hypertrophy the meaning of scientific subject. For example, a mathematician imagines the Universe as a sequence of numbers, (whereas) a chemist tries to represent it as the unity of chemical elements that are disposed in various relations to each other. However, a biologist considers the environment as a totality of living creatures, and a sociologist, in its turn, intents to put a human measure on everything in order to represent world through the human relations. Thus, even despite the mentioned tendency, legal science hypertrophies its relevance in a very extraordinary way. The absoluteness of law doesn’t recognize any measures. In accordance with the point of view of classical jurisprudence, law as the world of the Ought penetrates all the space andtime, law is relevant to every circumstances and doesn’t leave any gaps. That is to say, similar to religion, law turns itself into the eye of providence, which observes on the any human deeds and connects to them its legal consequences. So, the logical conclusion of the similar view is that the any humanrelation, which has ever existed in the history, is already ordered by law, whether natural, positive or common law. If we try to express this statement by the language of classical jurisprudence, it’s possible to say, that we can apply the legal form on all the human relations improperly, nonethelesson the specificity of its content. At the same time, such events as wars, revolutions, catastrophes clearly indicate that in the similar circumstances law loses its validity. Similarly, family relationship, relations between friends, colleagues, rivals in the sport competitions cannot be ordered properly by the means of law. Thus, the academic novelty of the author’s approach lies in the attempt to clarify the conditions of the possibility of the reasoning the Being of law. So, we can come to conclusion that it’s necessary to reconsider law as the language of law, which is embodied in the living bodily co-presentation of the Other and gives us a possibility to conceptualize the bounds of law adequately.
A New Awareness: Probiotic, Prebiotic and Microbiota Knowledge and Attitude of Obstetricians
Authors: Tugrul Ersak Duygu , Kara Özgür , Tanacan Atakan , Ersak Burak , Menekse Beser Dilek , Sahin Dilek
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of obstetricians about probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota and evaluate the differences by years in the profession.
STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted on obstetricians working in a tertiary center. A non-validated questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was collected face-to-face. The first part of the questionnaire evaluated the sociodemographic data and the duration of the profession, the other parts assessed the knowledge of prebiotic, probiotic, and microbiota of obstetricians and their attitudes toward prescribing or suggesting these supplements. Furthermore, the obstetricians were divided into two groups: those with a profession less than <12 years and ≥12 years according to the median value of the whole study group to assess the impact of the experience.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between obstetricians with a profession of < 12 years and ≥12 years in their self-knowledge assessment of probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota. However, the correct definitions were chosen at similar rates. Only 40% of obstetricians with a <12 years of profession thought the use of probiotics during pregnancy to be safe, while more than two-thirds of the obstetricians with a profession of ≥12 years found it safe. Additionally, significant differences were found between the groups’ sources of information, and the purpose of recommendation.
CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and attitude of obstetricians towards probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota may be affected by the duration of the profession.
Do Pleiotropic Effects of Spironolactone in Women with PCOS Make it More than
an Anti-androgen? Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ganie Mohd. Ashraf , Bashir Rohina , Asrar Mir Mahmood , Shah Idrees Ayoub , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Background:

Spironolactone use as a treatment for hirsutism and other dermatological conditions among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathic hirsutism shows varied results.

Objective:

This study thus summarizes the entire evidence to better define its impact on Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) score in addition to other derangements associated with PCOS.

Methods::

PubMed, Embase, Scopus and bibliographies of relevant articles were searched. RCTs investigating the efficacy of spironolactone in PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism were included. Pooled mean difference (MD) was calculated using random effects model and relevant subgroup analysis was done. Potential heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed.

Results:

Of 1041 retrieved studies, 24 RCTs were included. Spironolactone (100mg/daily) exhibited a significant reduction in FG score in idiopathic hirsutism compared to finasteride [MD: -2.43; 95% C.I:(-3.29, -1.57)] and cyproterone acetate [MD: -1.18; 95% C.I:(-2.10, -0.26)], however, no significant difference was found among PCOS subjects in comparison to flutamide and finasteride. A lower dose of spironolactone (50mg/day) exhibited no significant difference relative to metformin on FG Score [MD: -0.61; 95% C.I: -1.76, 0.54,I2=57%)], serum total testosterone [MD: -0.61; 95% C.I: -1.76, 0.54), I2= 57%] and HOMA-IR [MD: 1.03; 95% C.I: -1.22, 3.29), I2=60%] among PCOS women. The main side effects reported by the studies were menstrual irregularity, mild nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Conclusion:

Spironolactone is well tolerated among idiopathic hirsute and PCOS women. The drug significantly improved hirsutism in the former group and shows a positive trend in the latter women, however, displays no effect on FSH, LH, menstrual cyclicity, BMI, and HOMA-IR in PCOS women.
ANALISIS KERENTANAN FISIK WILAYAH PESISIR UTARA KOTA SURABAYA TERHADAP BENCANA BANJIR ROB
Authors: Refnitasari Lynda , Cahyaka Hendra Wahyu , Handayani Krisna Dwi , Amudi Abdiyah
Published: March 2023

Kerentanan merupakan suatu kondisi dari komunitas atau masyarakat yang menyebabkan ketidakmampuan dalam menghadapi bencana. Kerentanan berpengaruh pada tinggi atau rendahnya tingkat risiko suatu bencana. Semakin tinggi tingkat kerentanan, maka risiko bencana pun akan semakin besar. Dan semakin rendah tingkat kerentanan, maka risiko bencana pun akan semakin kecil. Terdapat beberapa jenis kerentanan, yaitu fisik, sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, akan memiliki fokus pembahasan pada kerentanan fisik. Sedangkan jenis kerentanan yang lainnya akan digunakan pada rangkaian penelitian berikutnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan skoring/pembobotan berdasarkan acuan dari Perka BNPB No 2 Tahun 2012. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap tingkat kerentanan fisik di wilayah pesisir utara Kota Surabaya terhadap bencana banjir rob dapat diketahui bahwasannya terdapat dua kelurahan yang terkategori dalam tingkat kerentanan fisik tinggi yaitu Morokrembangan dan Perak Utara dengan skor kerentanan masing-masing 2.4. dan 2.6. Hal ini dikarenakan penggunaan lahan di dua kelurahan tersebut didominasi oleh bangunan rumah, fasilitas umum, dan fasilitas kritis lainnya. Analisis kerentanan fisik ini adalah upaya awal dalam menilai kerentanan secara keseluruhan, hingga akhirnya dapat digunakan sebagai pijakan untuk penyusunan strategi peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat dalam mengantisipasi atau mencegah tingginya risiko bencana.
Kata Kunci : kerentanan fisik, banjir rob, Surabaya.
Определение механизмов протекания тока в структурах из двух слоев диэлектриков
Authors: Булярский С.В. , Белов В.С. , Гусаров Г.Г. , Лакалин А.В. , Литвинова К.И. , Орлов А.П.
Published: March 2023

Diodes of type Metal-Dielectric 1-Dielectric 2-Metal are promising for use in devices paired with antennas-rectennas. To create diodes with the characteristics required for operation, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of current transport in both dielectrics and their contacts with metals. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for dividing the general current-voltage characteristic into characteristics of individual contacts, the analysis of which will also allow us to investigate the problems of the properties of defects in the dielectrics that make up the diode. In this paper, the solution of the above problems is presented on the example of the Al-Al2O3-Ta2O5-Ni diode. The authors showed how one can divide the current-voltage characteristic into components, calculate potential barriers at the boundaries of metals with contacting dielectrics, and determine the concentration and energy characteristics of structural defects in dielectrics.