bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular Morbidity among Patients Visiting the Department of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2021 Pandemic at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bastola Pradeep , Dahal Polina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2021 pandemic and lockdown, eye care services have been compromised globally. The magnitude of ocular diseases across all populations in Nepal are few and far between and rare during this pandemic. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of ocular morbidity among patients visiting the department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital during the pandemic.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting thedepartment of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital from 18 August 2021 to 30 September 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference: 078/079-023). Convenience sampling was done. Basic demographic data, clinical characteristics, visual status and prevalence of ocular morbidities were noted. Data entry was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Out of 650 study subjects examined, 454 (69.8%) (66-73.0 at 95% Confidence Interval) study subjects had at least one ocular morbidity in at least one eye. Refractive error 153 (33.7%) was the commonest ocular morbidity followed by headache 52 (11.5%), dry eyes 50 (11%), non-communicable diseases related ocular morbidity 41 (9%), and age related cataract 37 (8.1%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular morbidity in our study was higher than findings from other similar studies done at national and international levels, though the causes of ocular morbidity was similar.
Endoscopic Septoturbinoplasty among Patients Undergoing Surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mahato Nain Bahadur , Bista Meera , Bhandari Bhuwan , Pradhan Rosi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Septoplasty without turbinoplasty is one of the main reasons for failure of procedure in case of deviated nasal septum with inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Septoturbinoplasty is the procedure of choice for complete treatment. The main objective is to find out the prevalence of endoscopic septoturbinoplasty among patients undergoing surgery in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery done over a period of 1 year duration from 1st August 2020 to 31st July 2021 among 1248 patients who underwent surgery in the department. Ethical Approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 2207202004). A convenience sampling technique was used. Two different techniques, Microdebrider Assisted Turbinoplasty and Outfracture with Submucosal Diathermy were used in surgery. Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale questionnaire was used pre and postoperatively for data collection. Data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated, with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviations.
Results: Out of 1248 patients, about 92 (7.37%) patients (4.95-10.14 at 95% Confidence Interval) underwent septoturbinoplasty. The mean Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale before surgery was 75.21±6.19.
Conclusions: The prevalence of septoturbinoplasty in our study is similar to other studies done in similar settings. We found almost complete resolution of breathing problems following endoscopic septoturbinoplasty, hence improving quality of life.
PERDELERİN DEPREME DAYANIKLI YAPI TASARIMINDAKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Ayten , GÖKDEMİR Hande
Published: December 2021

Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğine (TBDY) göre perdeler, deprem yönüne paralel kenarı diğer yöndeki kenarının en az altı katı olan düşey taşıyıcı sistem elemanlarıdır. Yapıların depreme dayanımında yatay deplasman miktarı oldukça etkilidir. Çok katlı yapıların depreme dayanımının düşük olması tepe deplasmanın büyük olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Perdeler, deprem yönündeki rijitliklerinin kolonlara göre oldukça büyük olmasından dolayı, yapının deprem esnasındaki deplasmanını engellediği için yapının hasar görmesini önlemektedir. Çok katlı yapıların yapımında, dayanımı düşük yapıların güçlendirilmesinde ve otoparklar gibi hareketli ve aşırı yüklerin olduğu yapılarda perde yapımı yönetmeliklerce zorunlu hale getirilmiştir. Bir yapıda perde yapımı kadar bu perdelerin miktarı, yönleri, sayısı ve donatı düzenlemeside önem arz etmektedir. Perdelerin özellikleri ülkelerin yönetmeliklerine göre değişik kriterleri içermektedir. Ülkemizdeki değişik zamanlarda yürürlüğe girmiş deprem yönetmelikleri de değişik özellikler içermektedir. Bu yapılan çalışmada perdelerin depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımındaki etkisi ve deprem yönetmeliklerindeki (1975, 2007 ve 2018) değişimi incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme perde miktarı, perdenin deprem yüklerine, yapının deplasmanına ve yapının sünekliğine etkisini içermektedir.
GERİLİM SARKMALARINA KARŞI YÜK DUYARLILIKLARINI GÖSTERMEK İÇİN BULANIK MANTIK UYGULAMASI
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Hakan , YANIKOĞLU Ertan
Published: December 2021

Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte elektrik enerjisine olan ihtiyaç her geçen gün artmaktadır. Elektrik enerjisinin dağıtımı sırasında birçok hata (gerilim yükselmeleri, gerilim sarkmaları, harmonikler) meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu hataları düzeltmek için STATCOM ve DVR gibi sistemler kullanılmaktadır. Böylece enerjinin kalitesi arttırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; hata olarak gerilim sarkmasının meydana geldiği bir iletim hattına yük bağlanarak bu yükün gerilim sarkması karşısındaki durumu ve hassasiyeti, ardından düzeltici olarak DVR kullanıldığındaki durumu ve hassasiyeti araştırılmıştır. DVR sisteminin yükler karşısındaki durumu detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. İlgili veriler MATLAB/Bulanık Mantık uygulamasına aktarılarak analiz edilmiştir.
ENDÜSTRİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİM MEMNUNİYETİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ULUSKAN Meryem , DURAL Gizem , CİNKARA Hurican
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 sebebiyle dünyanın birçok yerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de öğrenciler eğitim hayatlarını uzaktan eğitim sistemi ile sürdürmektedir. Uzaktan eğitimin zorunluluk haline geldiği bu dönemde Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, ESUZEM sistemini öğrencileri için tekrar tasarlayarak kullanımlarına sunmuştur. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime ve bu sisteme dair düşüncelerinin araştırılmak istenmesiyle birlikte, öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim ve ESUZEM tasarımı hakkındaki memnuniyetlerini nelerin etkileyebileceği sorusu akla gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda konu ve yöntem seçimi yapılırken, literatürde uzaktan eğitim memnuniyeti üzerine yapılan birçok çalışma incelenerek belli çıkarımlarda bulunulmuş ve literatürdeki boşlukların doldurulması amaçlanmıştır. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim sistemi ve ESUZEM tasarımına ilişkin memnuniyetlerini inceleyen yapısal bir eşitlik modeli oluşturmak amacıyla Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü öğrencilerine 50 maddelik bir anket uygulanması hedeflenmiştir. İlk olarak, anket verileri keşfedici faktör analizi ile sadeleştirilerek ilgili faktörler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu faktörler ile, ilgili literatür taramasına dayalı olarak çalışmanın amacına uygun hipotezler oluşturulmuştur. Kurulan hipotezlere bağlı olarak oluşturulmuş olan yapısal eşitlik modelinin analizi ile öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim sistemi hakkındaki memnuniyetleri ile bu memnuniyete etki eden faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, ESUZEM sisteminin tasarım ve teknik yeterliliğinin öğrenci memnuniyetini etkileyen en önemli faktör olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Böylelikle bu çalışma, video ve ses kalitesi ile teknolojik altyapının geliştirilmesi halinde öğrenci memnuniyetinin önemli ölçüde artacağını ortaya koymuştur.
AÇIK MADEN İŞLETMELERİNDE PARTİKÜL MADDE SALINIMI: LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: DURAN Zekeriya , ERDEM Bülent , DOĞAN Tuğba
Published: December 2021

Partikül madde kaynaklı hava kirliliği insan sağlığına ve çevreye zarar verebilmektedir. Partikül madde kaynaklarından birisi de madencilik sektörüdür. Açık maden işletmelerinde, yapılan faaliyet türüne (delme, patlatma, yükleme, taşıma, sıyırma, kırma, eleme vb.) bağlı olarak çalışma bölgelerinde değişik düzeylerde PM salınımı oluşmaktadır. Bu nedenle sürdürülen her faaliyetin partikül madde salınım değerlerinin ölçülmesi, bunların ilgili mevzuatta belirtilmiş olan sınır değerler dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi ve olumsuz etkileri önleyici/azaltıcı önlemlerin planlanması önemlidir. Konu üzerine yapılmış olan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, maden işletmelerinde yapılan faaliyetin türüne göre oluşabilecek PM salınımını modelleyen denklemlerin geliştirildiği ancak bunların, farklı işletmelerdeki aynı faaliyet için bile değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, PM salınım değerlerinin maden işletmesine özgü olduğu, sürekli salınım ölçümü yapmanın daha doğru sonuçlara ulaşılmasını sağlayacağı ve dolayısıyla en gerçekçi yaklaşım olarak, bir maden işletmesinde sürdürülen her faaliyet için ayrı PM salınım modellemesinin yapılmasının gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
REAKTİF PUDRA BETONLARINDAKİ GELİŞMELER
Authors: TOPÇU İlker Bekir , SARIKAYA Elif , AKKAN Erdi
Published: December 2021

Son yıllarda hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada dayanımı yüksek betonlara ihtiyacın arttığı bilinmektedir. Artan ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda, yıllar geçtikçe betondan talep edilen dayanım ve dayanıklılık beklentisi artmaktadır. Yeni gelişmeler ışığında betonun davranışının daha iyi anlamlandırılacağı, içinde bulunduğumuz 21. yüzyılda mühendislik yapılarının projelendirilmesinde daha gerçekçi ilkelerin ve daha gelişmiş yöntemlerin kullanılacağı beklentisi oluşmaktadır. Reaktif pudra beton (RPB) terimi, sıradan agrega yerine çok ince agregaların varlığı ile karakterize, çok düşük su-çimento oranına sahip, fiber takviyeli, silis dumanı-çimento karışımını tanımlamak için kullanılmıştır. Yaklaşık 150 MPa basınç dayanımına sahiptir. Kompozit malzemenin kırılma özeliklerini arttırmak için lifler RPB’ye ilave edilmiştir. RPB, ultra yüksek dayanım ve mükemmel dayanıklılığın bir kombinasyonunu sağlayan devrim niteliğinde bir malzeme olarak kabul edilir. Bu çalışmada RPB üretim teknikleri ve özelikleri ile ilgili bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır.
E. S. Kuzmin as a historian and methodologist of social psychology (to the 100-th anniversary of his birth)
Authors:   Institute of Psychology RAS, Zhuravlev A. L. , Pochebut L. ,   Sankt-Petersburg State University, Chiker V. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

The historical, theoretical and methodological views of E.S. Kuzmin on the history of the formation of Russian social psychology from the middle of the 17th century.until the 70s of the XX century. Deep and comprehensive knowledge of E.S. Kuzmin of the history of philosophy and psychology contributed to the creation of a theoretical and methodological basis for social psychology. The scientist carried out purposeful work to integrate social psychology into the world of psychological science, streamline and synthesize the accumulated knowledge. It is shown how E.S. Kuzmin convincingly argues that human consciousness is formed not just in the process of work, but a system of interactions and relationships between people is necessary. The history of social psychology, which E.S. Kuzmin divided into three periods: 1) the accumulation of socio-psychological knowledge within the framework of philosophy and general psychology; 2) descriptive period; 3) experimental period. E.S. Kuzmin insisted that the formation of social psychology as an independent science begins in our country simultaneously with the same process in Germany and the United States. He considered the process of communication between people to be the subject of social psychology. The methodological foundations of social and psychological science were determined, and a monograph was published describing the methods of social psychology. The results of research of social psychologists, which were introduced into the practical work of domestic industrial enterprises, are highlighted.
Philosopher of psychology (to the 100-th anniversary of the birth of M. S. Rogovin)
Authors:   YAGPU named after K. D. Ushinsky, Mazilov V.
Published: December 2021

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of the famous Russian psychologist M.S. Rogovin. His contribution to the development of many branches of psychological science (pathopsychology and medical psychology, military psychology, cognitive psychology, general psychology, history of psychology, methodology of psychology, etc.) is noted. His contribution to the philosophy of psychology is emphasized, it is noted that his research devoted to the logic of the development of psychological science was of the greatest relevance. The article attempts to highlight the main features of the scientist's scientific style. On the basis of the historical and methodological analysis of the development of world psychological science carried out by M.S. Rogovin, an attempt is made to reconstruct the main provisions of the author's philosophy of psychology. It is noted that the researcher's contribution is unique: in the sixties of the twentieth century, M.S. Rogovin wrote his works, clearly and unequivocally referring to world psychology as a unified science (Soviet psychology, contrary to ideology, was considered by the author not as a new stage in the development of psychology, but in no way more than one of the directions in world science), which has its own patterns and development trends, which were the main subject of his scientific analysis. An analysis is given of M.S. Rogovin's warnings about dangerous trends in the development of psychological science, which are still relevant today. The characteristics of the decisions made by M.S. Rogovin and his students of the most important methodological issues of psychological science are given.
The Temple of Saint Sava: The Replication of Constantinople's Hagia Sophia in the Era of World Cataclysms
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Belov Mikhail
Published: December 2021

The creation of The Temple of Saint Sava in Belgrade (from the presentation of the idea to the completion of the work) took about one and a half centuries. The decision to choose Constantinople's Hagia Sophia as the architectural model was the result of the dominant tendencies in the invention of the national tradition and the interweaving of a number of socio-political circumstances of the interwar period. Along with the constants of mythological structures that determined the design of the Temple, significant gaps in the way of maturation and implementation of the project significantly changed the vector of its memorial message.
«At night VChK arrested comrade head of the Bureau»: liquidation of the Central Yugoslavian Bureau under the Central Committee of the RCP(b) in 1921
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Silkin Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

The article examines the activities of the Central Yugoslavian Bureau under the Central Committee of the RCP(b) at the final stage of the Civil War. According to the Soviet and Yugoslav historiography of the socialist period, the Yugoslavian communist organizations in 1920-1921 were mainly engaged in facilitating the returnof the Yugoslavs ‒ former Austro-Hungarian subjects who participated in the Civil War on both sides – to their homeland. The documents chosen for the article make it possible to assert that these organizations did not contribute to the repatriation of compatriots as much as they tried to «appropriate» part of the powers executed by the Bolshevik punitive organs. Namely, the right to decide at own will who of the Yugoslavians is a «proletarian element» and, thus, can count on return, and who is subject to imprisonment in a concentration camp so that the hostages can be later chosen from them. In conclusion, the author gives his vision of the reasons for the closure of the mentioned organizations of the Yugoslav communists.
A Václav Klaus: A Czech Politician of all-European scale. (To the 80th anniversary of his birth)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic studies, Russian Academy оf Sciences, Zadorozhnyuk Ella
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the milestones of the biography of Vaclav Klaus – a highly qualified economist and prominent political figure in the Czech Republic, who influenced the course of events in his country and answered the challenges of the time. The article also features Klaus's increased activity in 2019-2021 associated with the creation of the Tricolor party in 2019 by his son Klaus Jr., the coronavirus pandemic and the Vrbetice incident. The author emphasizes Klaus's commitment to Czech national traditions, including the support for constructive Czech-Russian relations.
Subsistence Agriculture as the Basis of Rural Livelihoods in Msinga Local Municipality, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Masuku Mfundo Mandla
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Subsistence agriculture is recognised as a livelihood contributing to food security for households in rural communities. The sustainable livelihood approach is employed in this study, based on its strength and optimistic orientation to grant rural people an opportunity to improve their environment, economic standing, and social development. Data were collected from 180 households using a questionnaire analysed with the SPSS software. The subsistence agriculture sector still lacks adequate governmental support for effective operations to enhance rural livelihoods. Assisting subsistence farmers should improve productivity. The study recommends that the local municipalities should establish a marketplace that would be used as a sales point for community members and local emerging farmers to ensure an effective distribution of agricultural products. This would play a significant role in solidifying the return of the rural economy by increasing farm productivity and complimenting market opportunities.
Growing Trees for a Degrowth Society: An Approach to Switzerland's Forest Sector
Authors: Creutzburg Leonard
Published: December 2021

Forests are under immense stress globally. Economic growth is one reason for this: its impacts can lead to deforestation and put tremendous harvesting pressure on forests. In light of increasingly popular – and growth-based – bio-economy strategies, the need for more wood is likely to accelerate. Degrowth, in contrast, rejects economic growth as the central economic principle, arguing that the material throughput of countries in the Global North must shrink to achieve global sustainability. Although the concept has gained importance, there have been no attempts to link degrowth with the forest sector. This article argues that degrowth principles are beneficial for basing the forest sector on sustainable grounds, while the degrowth movement also needs to define its relationship to the forest. Against this backdrop, this contribution sets the cornerstone by linking the Swiss forest sector to central degrowth principles, and discussing possible interrelations and mismatches. Finally, a future research agenda for degrowth and the forest sector is presented.
تناسب الالتفات وارتباطه بالمقام في آيات من القرآن الكريم
Authors: Saleh Musab Fadhil
Published: December 2021

إن الالتفات ظاهرة لغوية معروفة، وقد استُعمل في القرآن الكريم في مواطن عدة، وقد روعيَ المقام في الالتفات في القرآن الكريم؛ فقد انتقل مثلا من ضمير المخاطب إلى ضمير الغائب بحسب المقام، وكذلك الحال في الانتقال من الضمير إلى الاسم الظاهر وغيره من الالتفات، قد راعى القرآن الكريم في كل ذلك المقام؛ إذا أتى بالالتفات متناسبا معه، فيمكن القول إن المقام سبب في الالتفات، وما الالتفات إلا لبيان ترتيب المقام ومراعاة له كأسلوب بلاغيّ يقتضيه سياق النصّ.

   وقد عنونت البحث بـ(تناسب المقام مع ظاهرة الالتفات في آيات من القرآن الكريم)، لبيان جانبٍ من أهمية هذا الأسلوب اللغوي والبلاغي في القرآن الكريم.     

  وقد توصّلت إلى نتائج عدّة في هذا البحث، منها: أن الالتفات يُعدّ من أهم أغراض التعبير القرآني، كما أنه يتناسب مع المقام بشكل عام، ويتغيّر الالتفات بحسب تغيّر المقام.

 والالتفات متعدّد الأوجه في القرآن الكريم، ويُستعمل لأكثر من غرض سواءً كان أسلوبيًّا أم دلاليًّا.

ويتعلّق الالتفات بالسياق ويجري بمقتضاه.
أثر التقطيع السيميائي في التحصيل القرائي لدى تلامذة الصف الأول الأساسي
Authors: Abdulkareem Ali Suroor , Ali Ameen Fardous
Published: December 2021

يرمي البحث الحالي الى معرفة (اثر التقطيع السيميائي في التحصيل القرائي لدى تلامذة الصف الأول الأساســي)،تكونت عينة البحث من (48) تلميذاً وتلميذة من تلامذة الصف الأول الأساسي (الابتدائي) في مدرسة (رزگارى) التابعة لمحافظة السليمانية قضاء چم چمال ، وزعوا على مجموعتين بواقع (23) تلميذاً وتلميذة في المجموعة التجريبية ، و (25) تلميذاً وتلميذة في المجموعة الضابطة للعام الدراسي ( 2018 – 2019 ) ، وقد طبق التقطيع السيميائي على المجموعة التجــريبية ، بينــما المجموعة الضابطــة بالأسلوب التقلــيدي، وتم التكــافؤ بينهــما فــي بعـــض المتغــيرات (العمر الزمني ودرجات القراءة الكردية للفصل الدراسي الأول)،وقامت الباحثتان بإعداد أداة الاختبار التحصيلي التي تكونت من اختبار القراءة الجهرية، واختبار الفهم، وتم التأكد من صدق أداة البحث، واستعملت الباحثتان الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين لتحليل البيانات ومعرفة دلالة الفروق، وأظهرت نتائج البحث تفوق المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة في التحصيل القرائي وفي كل من المجالات (صحة القراءة وسرعتها والفهم) وفي ضوء نتائج البحث اوصت الباحثتان باعتماد طريقة التقطيع السيميائي في تدريس القراءة الكردية.
خصائص ياء النسب الصوتية والدلالية والتركيبية
Authors: Balkhair Ahmed Abdullrahman
Published: December 2021

إن ظاهرة النسبة تعد نموذجاً لهذا التكامل بين مستويات التحليل اللغوي، فعلى الرغم من كونها ظاهرة صرفية في المقام الأول بالنظر إلى أنها صيغة صرفية ناتجة عن إلحاق لاصقة صرفية فهي تتضمن بوضوح جانباً صوتياً يتمثل في وصف طبيعتها الصوتية المجردة المفترضة، ثم وصف التتابعات الصوتية المكونة لبنية الاسم المنسوب إليه، وهنا يكمن التداخل بين مستويين من مستويات التحليل اللغوي هما الصوتي والصرفي، ناهيك عن الترابط بين المستويين الدلالي والتركيبي.

تصنف ظاهرة النسبة ضمن الظواهر الصرفية التركيبية؛ وذلك لأن صيغة المنسوب إليه تتم بإلصاق ياء النسبة آخر الاسم بغية الوصول إلى دلالة النسب وهذا ينشئ حالة صرفية تركيبية ذات شقين في المجمل أحدهما: يشمل النواحي الشكلية أي الصوتية الصرفية التي تعنى بوصف ياء النسب المشددة صوتياً على المستوى النطقي المجرد أولاً ثم المستوى المقطعي وذلك بتحليل بعض التتابعات الصوتية التي تكتنف هذه الياء ضمن السياق الذي توجد فيه.

أما الشق الثاني فيتمثل في النواحي الدلالية والتركيبية لياء النسب، الذي يشتمل بدوره على الوظيفة الدلالية الصرفية للصيغة وعلى الوظيفة السياقية كذلك لهذه اللاحقة الصرفية، فياء النسب تجعل الاسم الذي اتصلت به قادراً على العمل فيما بعده، شأنها في ذلك شأن المشتقات الوصفية التي تعمل عمل الفعل، لذا توجب البحث في مقومات عمل الاسم المنسوب عمل الفعل، مع إيراد الآراء المختلفة حول ذلك كله ومناقشتها.
التناسب المنطقي معيارا للصورة الشعرية في كتاب "أسرار البلاغة" لعبد القاهر الجرجاني
Authors: Mohi Inaam Faeq
Published: December 2021

تمثل الصورة أهم العناصر التي تحقق كينونة الشعر وخصوصيته، وهي ليست تشكيلا تزينييا بل تعبيرا انفعاليا بأسلوب إبداعي، وبدلا من ان تكون أداة لرسم المشاعر والأفكار بما تجيش به حساسية الشعراء  فتؤدي وظيفتها لترجمة حصيلة التجارب الانسانية بما يمنح الشعر جماليته وقوة تأثيره، تبدو في كتاب عبد القاهر الجرجاني – أسرار البلاغة – صورة برهانية في الغالب الأعم تصاغ لأظهار المقدرة على خلق التوافقات بين الأشياء، وميدانا للتنافس على اكتشاف صلات التشابه بين عناصر الوجود، مما انعكس على نمط الصور المختارة وعلة استحسانها ليعلي عبد القاهر من شأن التناسب المنطقي في الصورة على حساب مقومات أخرى جوهرية كالعاطفة وتلقائية التعبير وانسجام الصورة ومن ثم التضحية بجمالية التصوير، والأعتداد بما يصنعه العقل من تناسبات منطقية بعيدة عن روح الشعر وطبيعته المتأصلة فيها الدوافع الشعورية للقول لا العقلية.
قراءة في الآراء التـربوية لابن خلدون من منظور سوسيولوجيا التربية
Authors: Yaiche Ouassila , Benmissi Zoubeida Mounya
Published: December 2021

تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية الى عرض آراء "ابن خلدون" الرائدة في مجال التربية والتعليم، واسهاماته البيداغوجية والديداكتيكية التي تخطت عصره، لتلتقي مع كثير مما تدعو إليه سوسيولوجيا التربية المعاصرة، وقد وردت هذه الآراء المشبعة بالروح الإسلامية مٌفصلة في مقدمته الشهيرة.

    ناقش المؤرخ وعالم الاجتماع "ابن خلدون" أهمية التربية والتعليم في بناء الإنسان الفاضل وتكوينه، وذلك بتحليل ماهية التعليم وعوامل استحكامه وازدهاره، وأصناف العلوم وطرائق تحصيلها، ولم يكتف بذكر جملة العلوم المتداولة في عصره تحصيلا وتعليما، بل فصّل القول فيها تفصيلا، ذاكرا موضوعاتها، ومناهجها، وطرائق استعمالها والانتفاع بها. كما أشار إلى العلوم التي قضى ببطلانها لما لها من القدرة على نشر الفساد، وإلحاق الضرر بالعقول، وإضعاف العقائد الإيمانية.

    كما تطرقت الورقة البحثية إلى شروط وآداب المعلم، الذي يُعد الركن الأساسي في العملية التعليمية- التعلمية، ففي النهاية هو المحدّد لنوعية نواتج التعلم، ثم إلى جملة من الآداب التي لابد أن يتزود بها المتعلم في مسيرته العلمية ليحقق الأهداف المسطرة والغايات المرجوة، لتعّرج على استراتيجيات التدريس التي تناولها بالنقد والتقييم ثم عرض البديل.
واقع التمكين السياسي للمرأة العراقية وسبل النهوض بها التحديات- والآفاق المستقبلية
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed Hamdan
Published: December 2021

استهدف البحث التعرف على دور المرأة العراقية في الحياة السياسية بعد2003 ومعرفة مدى قدرة المرأة في تحمل المسؤولية في العملية السياسية وتحديد مدى تأثير الظروف والوضع الراهن على رغبة المرأة في المشاركة السياسية، لان قضية المرأة اصبحت قضية عالمية، وأصبح موضوع مشاركة المرأة في الحياة السياسية يحتل مرتبة متقدمة من مؤشرات تقدم الحياة الديمقراطية في المجتمعات، فالتمكين السياسي للمرأة يرتبط بالشرعية القانونية لها، وهي الاشتراك في عمليات صنع القرارات السياسية، والانتخابات، والتصويت باي مجتمع، واستعمل الباحث المنهج الوصفي، والتاريخي، والمقارنة في تحليل محاور البحث، وتوصل البحث الى عدة استنتاجات اهمها قد تغيرت وبشكل ملحوظ مستوى ومكانة ووضع المرأة ومشاركتها وتمكينها في العمل السياسي في العراق الجديد بعد 2003.
أثر التذبذب المناخي على تباين المناطق الجافة في العراق
Authors: Talya Joul Michael
Published: December 2021

جمعت هذه الدراسة بين المناخ الشمولي والمناخ التطبيقي لتعرف على التباين الحاصل في مساحة المناطق الجافة في العراق معتمدين على ثلاث دورات مناخية الأولى (1970- 1980) والثانية (1990- 2000) والثالثة (2008- 2018) لتسع محطات رصد مناخية ولتفسير سبب هذه الظاهرة تم الاعتماد على تحليل خرائط السطحية للرصد تبين (0،12, 0،00) لتحديد عدد أيام بقاء المرتفعات الجوية على الموقع الإلكتروني hattps://www،ers\،noaa،gon، وقد تبين من تطبيق المعادلة اتسم مناخ العراق بصفه المناخ شبه الجاف لثلاث دورات مناخية إلاَّ أنَّ التذبذب في كمية الأمطار ودرجة الحرارة انسحب على تباين صفة مناخ أقسام العراق حيث اتسم مناخ شمال العراق بصفة المناخ شبه الرطب للدورتين الأولى والثانية وبمناخ شبه الجاف عند الدورة الثالثة أما المنطقة الوسطى والجنوبية اتسم مناخها بصفة المناخ شبه الجاف عند الدورة المناخية الأولى والثانية وبمناخ جاف عند الدورة الثالثة، وكانت صفة التذبذب المناخي أوضح على تباين مساحة المناطق الجافة عندما تم تطبيق المعادلة على محطات الدراسة، أذ تبين من تحليل خرائط الرصد السطحية أن المرتفعات الجوية سجلت عدد أيام اقل في الدورة الثالثة بنسبة (14،52%) من مجموع عدد أيام الموسم المطري في حين بلغت نسبة عدة أيام بقائها (40،60%) عند الدورة الثانية وهذا ما يفسر ضحالة المنخفضات الجوية الذي انعكس على قله كمية الأمطار الساقطة وعلى عدد الأيام الممطرة،
التباين المكاني لخدمات الإيواء السياحي (الفنادق) في العراق
Authors: Hadi Safaqis Qasim
Published: December 2021

تعد خدمات الإيواء السياحي لاسیما( الفنادق) ركناً أساسيا من أركان الجذب السياحي، إذ إنَّ مهما كانت منطقة القصد السياحي تمتلك عوامل الجذب سواء أكانت عوامل طبيعية أم دینیة أم تراثیة أم آثاریه تفقد الكثیر من قیمتها السیاحیة ولا یمكن للسائح تحقیق أحد أهداف الرحلة السیاحیة من دون خدمات الإيواء، ومنها الفنادق، وتعرف الفنادق بأنَّها : المؤسسة أو المنشأة التي تقدم الخدمات للنزلاء كالإقامة والطعام والمبیت والخدمة، وخدمة الإقامة تعد الخدمة الأساسیة في الصناعة الفندقیة لكن مع تطور أنظمة النشاط السیاحي وتقنیاتها تطور مفهوم الخدمة الفندقیة، وقد اضیفت خدمة الاتصالات والمواصلات والصیرفة، وعقد الاجتماعات وأن اقامة الحفلات والمسابقات والمهرجانات وخدمات السوق ، فضلاً عن الصالات الریاضیة والعلاج الطبي والطعام وفي العراق نمى وتطور النشاط السیاحي في السبعینیات من القرن الماضي بعد أن ارتفعت عوائد النفط التي أثرت على البناء والاعمار وشملت القطاع السیاحي فضلاً عن الاستقرار السیاسي وما تبعه من خطط التنمیة وزیادة الانفاق على الأنشطة الاقتصادیة كافة ومنها النشاط السیاحي، وفي بدایة عام 1980 أنشأت عدد من الفنادق الممتازة في العاصمة بغداد، وفي المدة (1980-1988) شهد النشاط السیاحي تراجعاً ملحوظاً بسبب الحرب العراقیة الإیرانیة والعقوبات الاقتصادیة التي اعقبت الغزو العراقي للكویت عام (1990)، وهذا أنعكس على تحجم الحركة السیاحیة وبعد عام(2003) شهد النشاط السیاحي قفزة نوعیة في النهوض بواقع السیاحة العراقیة، إذ إنَّ العراق بلد متكامل في الوجه السیاحي فیما لو استغل هذا النشاط بشكل مخطط وتنموي، فالتنوع في العروض السیاحیة حالة فریدة تمیز بها العراق، فالمقومات الطبیعیة كالمناخ والتضاریس والمیاه والتنوع البیئي كالأهوار والبحیرات والهضاب والسدود والخزانات وما تحویه هذه المسطحات من حیاة نباتیة وحیوانیة فریدة في نوعها، كما یعد العراق بلداً اسلامیاً ومهداً للدیانات السماویة وفیه أعظم مراكز الإشعاع الدیني والإنساني فهو موطن الأنبیاء والرسل كما هو الحال في أور موطن النبي ابراهیم وأولاده علیهم السلام وآل البیت( علیهم السلام) أحفاد النبي الكریم محمد( صلى اﷲ علیهوآله وسلم) والصحابة (رض)، كما یعد العراق الموطن الأول للحضارات؛ وبذلك یمتلكمخزون ثقافي وحضاري وآثاري ومعماري هائل كل هذا أنعكس على النشاط السیاحي وزیادةالطلب على الخدمات الفندقیة، لكن هذا الطلب أمتاز بالتباین بین محافظات العراق، فكان للسیاحة الدینیة الأثر الأكبر على النشاط الفندقي فمحافظة كربلاء أحتلت المركز الاول في أعدادالفنادق، تلیها محافظة النجف في المرتبة الثانیة وبغداد بالمرتبة الثالثة، أما من الناحیة تصنیف الفنادق أحتلت بغداد المرتبة الاولى كونها العاصمة وفیها المقرات الحكومیة والبعثات الدبلوماسیة والجهات والدوائر الرسمیة والثقافیة والاداریة وغیرها. ویعاني القطاع الفندقي مشاكل عدة سواء أكان من الناحیة المادیة والتنظیمیة أو التخطیط وعدم الاهتمام بإنشاء وتطویر وتصمیم الفنادق، فالكثیر من المحافظات تضم بین ثنایاها موروث طبیعي وحضاري متمیز، لكن لم تهیأ بعد البنى التحتیة اللازمة للنهوض بالنشاط السیاحي ومنها الفنادق رغم انضمام بعض هذه المواقع الى لائحة التراث العالمي مثل بابل ومناطق الاهوار في جنوب العراق، فضلاً عن عدم الاهتمام بمراكز ومعاهد المتخصصین في تدریس وتأهیل كوادر متخصصة في النشاط الفندقي.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRAVENOUS IRON SUCROSE VERSUS ORAL IRON THERAPY IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA DURING POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Authors: Kumar Satish
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Anemia is the commonest major contributing factor in maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries and according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, it contributes to 20% of maternal deaths. Anemia in pregnancy defined as hemoglobin level <11 gm/dl (7.45 mmol/L) and hematocrit less than 33% (WHO).

Aim: To compare the efficacy of oral iron ferrous sulphate therapy with intravenous iron sucrose therapy in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia during postpartum period.

Material & Methods: This was a prospective randomized comparative clinical trial single center study conducted on 200 postpartum women aged >18 years (after normal delivery or LSCS) within 10 days of delivery with Hb level more or equal to 6 gm/dl but less than 10 gm/dl were included in the study. This was a one year study conducted during 1st December 2018 to 30th November 2019.

Results : There was a significant increase in the hemoglobin level in both the groups i.e. in IV iron group, from 8.26 ±1.03gm/dl on day 1 to 11.62±0.94gm/dl on day 45 as compared to oral iron group, from 8.24±1.09gm/dl on day 1 to 11.07±1.14gm/dl on day 45; and serum ferritin level from 41.69±40.45ng/ml on day 1 to 77.34±41.60ng/ml on day 45 in IV iron group as compared to the oral iron group from 22.20±8.82ng/ml on day 1 to 31.72±9.72 ng/ml on day 45. So, there was a rapid increase in both hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels in IV iron group as compared to the oral iron group.

Conclusion: Intravenous iron sucrose administration increases the hemoglobin level and serum ferritin more rapidly in compare to the oral intake of ferrous sulphate in women with iron deficiency anemia in postpartum women in our study.

Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, Intravenous iron sucrose, Serum ferritin, Maternal mortality.
Formulation development & Evaluation of Phospholipids Complex of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn Extract
Authors: Sethiya Pranay , Mahajan S.C. , Maheshwari Prachi , Khantal Anjali , Sharma Harshita
Published: December 2021

Phytoconstituents have been utilized as medicines for thousands of years, yet their application is limited owing to major hurdles like deficit lipid solubility, large molecular size and degradation in the gastric environment of gut. To overcome this hurdle, Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) proves to be a promising method for formulations containing phytoconstituents. In present work, phyto-phospholipids complex (phytosomes) of Euphorbia neriifolia L. has been prepared to improve the absorption and bioavailability of phytoconstituents. Euphorbia neriifolia L. consists of flavonoids, saponins and polyphenols which possess various medicinal properties. These constituents are hydrophilic in nature and have large molecular size, thus causing poor absorption. Phyto-phospholipids complex of Euphorbia neriifoliahas been prepared by taking Phosphatidylcholine (PC), Cholesterol and Euphorbia neriifolia extract in different ratio and the formulation been optimized to achieve maximum entrapment efficiency and smaller molecular size. The prepared phytosomes has been evaluated by Optical Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and UV/Vis Spectroscopy for physical appearance, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and dissolution rate. The result so obtained indicates the improvement in the absorption rate and bioavailability of the phytoconstituents. Thus, Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) possess a great potential in overcoming the challenges of plant based formulations.

Keywords: Euphorbia neriifolia, Phyto-phospholipids Complex, Novel Drug Delivery System, Phytosomes
Synthetic Nano-selenium Improving Macrophage Immune Responses Treatment of Bladder Tumor Antigens
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Agharezaie Zeinab , Haghighat Setareh ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Yazdi Mohammad Hossein ,   Biotechnology Research Center, Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Background: Synthetic nanoparticles are deemed to improve treatment with the least adverse effects. The effect of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) was reviewed on various pathogenic disorders. In the present project, the role of SeNPs on macrophage responses was assessed. Materials and Methods: SeNPs were prepared synthetically by ascorbic acid. Macrophages (MQs) were cultured and treated with SeNPs in combination with bladder tumor lysate and Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). Other experimental groups include SeNPs + tumor lysate + MQs, BCG, BCG+MQs, and MQs. The mRNA levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-10 were evaluated using the real-time PCR method. Results: Synthetic selenium nanoparticles combined with the tumor lysate upregulated the mRNA level of interferon-γ after 12 and 24 h treatment. Regarding interleukin-10 expression, there were no remarkable differences in all experimental groups. The maximum effect of synthetic SeNPs was observed after 24 h treatment. Conclusion: The optimum effect of synthetic SeNPs presents in a treatment-dependent manner.
Nursing Students’ Performance and Satisfaction Regarding the Classification of Pressure Injuries Using Simulation With Moulage
Authors:   Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey., Uzelli Yilmaz Derya , Akin Esra ,   Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey., Yildirim Duygu ,   Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey., Caliskan Sinem ,   Program of Fundamentals of Nursing, Institution of Health Science, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey., Hamarat Tuncali Sevil ,   Program of Fundamentals of Nursing, Institution of Health Science, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
Published: December 2021

Background: Simulation-based education is a widely utilized tool for experiential learning in nursing education. The aim of this study was to determine nursing students’ performance and satisfaction in the classification of pressure injuries using simulation with moulage. Methods: It is an evaluation study with a quasi-experimental, single-group, post-test design that was conducted in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey. In total, 66 final-year nursing students, voluntarily participated in the Assessment of Pressure Injury Course. A student characteristics form, a Pressure Injury Classification Form, and a Moulage Satisfaction and Evaluation Form were used as data collection tools. Data were entered into SPSS v. 21, and the results of the analysis were described using descriptive statistics. Results: It was found that 67.2% (n=45) of the students correctly assessed all the stages of pressure injury moulages on the standardized patients. Among the students, 62.1% (n=41) strongly agreed that their assessment skills of pressure injury improved after the simulation. The results related to students’ satisfaction indicated that 77.3% (n=51) of the students evaluated the moulages as realistic. The Mean±SD total score of students’ evaluation of moulage simulation sessions on standard patients was 4.56±0.59 (range=1-5). Conclusion: This moulage is a simple, easily accessible, low-cost, and effective tool for teaching pressure injury assessment to nursing students. It can be used in clinical skills training and clinical assessment in nursing education.
PRIORITIES OF SPAIN'S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE SECOND REPUBLIC
Authors:   MGIMO-University, Anikeeva Natalia
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the priorities of Spanish foreign policy during the Second Republic. It was proclaimed in Spain after the municipal elections. Then King Alphonse XIII was forced to leave the country and announced that he did not give up his rights to the Spanish throne. As for the priorities of foreign policy during the Second Republic, the author states that Spain at that time showed a lack of interest in international problems, as was the case under the dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbanehi. On October 14, 1931, the head of the government, Manuel Azaña y Díaz, after the resignation of the Provisional Government of Niceto Alcala Zamora, emphasized that “foreign policy is inherited from regime to regime”. During this period, the European direction became the main one in foreign policy. The fundamental interests of the Spanish state revolved around the classical "axis" of the Mediterranean, Great Britain, France, Italy. In the period from the end of 1935. and until the summer of 1936. the priority of domestic political problems over foreign ones was observed. Since the acuteness of internal tension associated with the Spanish Civil War has made adjustments to the principles proclaimed by the governments of the Second Republic.
THE MEMORY OF THE TRAGEDY IN CASAS VIEJAS IN THE SONGS OF THE CARNIVAL IN THE CADIZ OF THE TIME OF THE SECOND REPUBLIC
Authors:   MGIMO University, Koroleva Alina
Published: December 2021

Carnival songs in Andalusia differ from other world carnivals in that, they always reflect the news agenda of the past year. A special place in the "journalism of songs" is occupied by social issues, considered in the article on the example of the reflection of the tragedy in Casas Viejas, in the songs of the carnival in Cadiz during the Second Repub-lic. The songs reflect the folk character of the carnival, characterized by freedom in behavior and speech, and permissiveness, which led to the banning of carnivals throughout Spain in 1937. For the inhabitants of Cadiz, the carnival is part of a local identity that is difficult to ban, it was held unofficially, which made it possible to preserve this intangi-ble heritage. Carnival songs do not belong to traditional historiographic sources, but isolated examples of their research date from the 1950s. The songs of the carnivals in Cadiz of the period of the Second Repub-lic, the freest from censorship in the 20th century, have come down to us mainly orally. This is an example of a difficult legacy that needs to be restored, preserved and passed on to future generations. In this direc-tion, the research and popularization work in the field of historical memory of S. Moreno Telllo is indicative.
SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC OF THE PRE-WAR PERIOD (1931-1936) AND HER MEMORY IN CINEMA IN SPAIN
Authors:   Universitat de València, Navarro Navarro Javier
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the memory and representation of the Second Spanish Republic, particularly its years in peace (1931-1936), in Span-ish fiction cinema and made in this country, from 1939 to the present day. The most common ideas and images in this vision of the Second Republic present in cinematography are studied, and the continuity / evolution or change in them throughout the Franco dictatorship, the Democratic Transition and to this day, taking as an example some films. Finally, some general conclusions are addressed that highlight a lower visibility of this period in Spanish cinematography in general compared to the period of the Civil War (1936-1939), as well as the persistence of certain stereotypes around the Second Republic.
Efficient Mining of Frequent Item Sets on Large Uncertain Databases
Authors: Waghchore Ms. Madhuri K. , Sanap Prof. S. A.
Published: December 2021

In applications like location-based services, sensor monitoring systems and data integration diligence the data manipulated is highly ambiguous. mining manifold itemsets from generous ambiguous database illustrated under possible world semantics is a crucial dispute. Mining manifold Itemsets is technically brave because the ambiguous database can accommodate a fractional number of possible worlds. The mining process can be formed as a Poisson binomial distribution, by noticing that an Approximated algorithm is established to ascertain manifold Itemsets from generous ambiguous database exceedingly. Preserving the mining result of scaling a database is a substantial dispute when a new dataset is inserted in an existing database. In this paper, an incremental mining algorithm is adduced to retain the mining consequence. The cost and time are reduced by renovating the mining result rather than revising the whole algorithm on the new database from the scrap. We criticize the support for incremental mining and ascertainment of manifold Itemsets. Two common ambiguity models in the mining process are Tuple and Attribute ambiguity. Our approach reinforced both the tuple and attribute uncertainty. Our accession is authorized by interpreting both real and synthetic datasets.
International Students’ Experience of Studying at Indonesian Universities
Authors: Widiasih Restuning , Hermayanti Yanti , Ermiati
Published: December 2021

This article reports a systematic review of articles published between 2009 and 2019 focusing specifically on the experiences of international students studying at Indonesian universities. We used such international databases as PubMed and CINAHL, and a national database, SINTA. The articles abstracted in such databases were screened out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The analysis of the six selected articles found that international students studying in Indonesia encountered such challenges as cultural adaptations, language problems, and differences in the educational system. The international students also experienced health care systems different from those of their home country. This empirical evidence suggests that prospective international students who plan to study in Indonesia should be well-informed of both academic and non-academic matters that they may encounter or they may have to anticipate.
The Psychological Well-Being of Newly-Arrived Indonesian Students in Taiwan
Authors: Rahman Ferry Fadzlul , Lin Kuan_Han , Hamka
Published: December 2021

A study abroad program is of great interest among high school leavers globally. Indonesian school leavers are no exception. This study investigates the psychological well-being of Indonesian students studying at Taiwanese universities. Informed by a phenomenological approach, sixteen Indonesian participants who studied in Taiwan were recruited for this case study. Data were garnered from semi-structured interviews and observations. The findings of the study show that the students were unable to manage their emotions (e.g., culture shock, a feeling of being isolated) and adapt with different cultures and languages.
Thai Students' Experiences of Online Learning at Indonesian Universities in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ferdiansyah Sandi , Supiastutik  , Angin Ria
Published: December 2021

The present interview study reports on eight Thai undergraduate students’ experiences of online learning at three different Indonesian universities based in East Java, Indonesia. Semi-structured interviewing was designed based on the sociocultural framework proposed by Ma (2017) to elucidate the students’ voices of online learning experience. The data garnered from online interviewing were transcribed and interpreted using thematic content analysis. The study elicits three important data themes: the agility of the student participants to adapt online learning to suit their learning needs, the participants’ strategies to build learning autonomy, and the participants’ ability to sustain their learning motivation. This study stresses the important roles of such other agents as teachers, parents, and friends in providing international students with mental and emotional support to help them get through COVID-19 affected online learning.
Exploring the Emotions of Single International Students in Hong Kong Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suprihatin (Kehok)  , Istiqomah Lilik , Meilani Rini Intansari , Khoiriyah
Published: December 2021

This narrative study aims to explore the emotional experiences of international students in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data in this study were garnered from the results of interviews with two single female students who were completing their doctoral studies at a public university in Hong Kong. We analyzed the interview data thematically with the Hargreaves’s emotional geography framework (2001a, 2001b). Findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the emotional experience of international students in terms of the dissertation guidance process, psychological mental state, relationships with family, finance, and spirituality. This empirical evidence may provide new insight into the role of emotionality in the completion of postgraduate studies during the uncertain and worrying pandemic.