bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Aluminum Melting with Sustainable Biomass Fuels: A Case Study of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Wood and Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi) Wood
Authors: Suprianto Teguh , Kasim Muhammad , Ela Heka Akbar , Darmansyah Darmansyah
Published: May 2024

Wood waste biomass has emerged as an abundant source of alternative energy. This alternative energy source holds significant potential in the industrial sector, particularly in the field of metal casting. The development of aluminum melting equipment aims to provide invaluable support to aluminum craftsmen by harnessing wood waste as an easily accessible fuel source. The approach employed in this research involves the design of a wood waste combustion chamber capable of reaching the aluminum melting point. Two types of wood, Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi), were utilized in the study. The research achieved a temperature of 863°C in 28 minutes with Ulin wood, whereas with Gelam, a temperature of 821°C was reached in 29 minutes. This study makes a significant contribution to the efficient utilization of wood waste biomass in the aluminum casting industry, offering remarkable environmental and economic benefits.
Optimization of the Co-Production between the Rice Husk and the Pulp of the Cashew Apple Produced in the Natural Region of Casamance
Authors: Faye Omar Kata , Himbane Philippe Bernard , Ndiaye Lat Grand
Published: May 2024

Anaerobic digestion or anaerobic digestion is a biological process of degradation of organic matter in an anaerobic environment. It involves the degradation and stabilization of complex organic matter by a consortium of micro-organisms leading to methane-rich biogas that can be used as an alternative energy to fossil fuels. In addition, the use of biogas allows for the preservation of the environment and the sustainable development of rural areas and landlocked regions, as well as the diversification of energy resources, but also contributes to the development of agriculture through the production of organic fertilizer. In 2018, Senegal was ranked as the 15th world exporter of cashew nuts with a production of around 18,000 tons per year according to a study by PADEC (Support Program for the Development of Casamance). Four regions mainly invest in it: Kolda, Ziguinchor, Sédhiou, and Fatick. However, in the natural region of Casamance ( Kolda, Ziguinchor, and Sédhiou), each year, after the cashew nut campaign, more than 342,000 tons of cashew apples, pressed or not, are rejected without any recovery, thus degrading in the environment. In addition, rice is traditionally grown in Casamance and in some Diola circles, it had become one of the criteria of wealth, which explains why it occupied most of the cultivated areas and each year thousands of tons of rice husk are burned for elimination/reduction without any recovery. These immense annual productions of waste, without any recovery, in a context dominated by a deficit in cooking and lighting energy constitutes a form of energy resilience and motivates us to study the co-digestion of the rice husk (with a report of C/N equal to 101.317) on cashew apple pulp (having a C/N ratio of 23.201 ). The study of the co-digestion of rice husk and apple pulp at the laboratory scale with the inoculum reveals, that the co-digestion with pH correction contains 39.40% methane and 51.50% carbon dioxide after 49 days of production and 64.04% methane (CH4) and 25.86% carbon dioxide (CO2) on the 96th day. For co-digestion without adjustment, production stopped on the 49th day with a production of 23.68% methane and 45.65% carbon dioxide.
Physical and Morphological Characterisation of Typha Australis Fibres
Authors: Gaye Aida , Sène Ndèye Awa , Sambou Vincent , Balland Pascale , Gning Papa Birame
Published: May 2024

Typha australis is an invasive plant from Senegal also found in wetlands. In order to limit its proliferation, typha australis is used in the energy sector but also in construction. This study contributes to the valorisation of typha australis in the field of biocomposites. For this purpose, typha fibres were used. The fibres were extracted manually using a plastic comb, then subdivided into three zones, namely the bottom, middle and top, and dried. The resulting fibres were characterised physically by measuring density, water content and absorption coefficient, and morphologically by determining the morphology but also of the section of the fibres. many respects, the physical property results concerning density show an average of the three areas of 1.53 g/cm3 with a water content between 6 and 10% and an absorption coefficient showing two main absorption phases. As for the tomography results, we directly notice the presence of fibre bundles and not of individual fibres due to the manual extraction method used. Nevertheless, the results obtained suggest a behaviour comparable to that of the most commonly used natural fibres, namely flax.
Food safety knowledge, hygiene practices among food handlers, and microbiological quality of animal side dishes in contract catering
Authors: Palupi Ika Ratna , Budiningsari R. Dwi , Khoirunnisa Fikri Aulia , Hanifi Alifah Sharfina
Published: May 2024

Food poisoning is a major concern in catering services in Indonesia, with multiple outbreaks being reported in factories and offices. This study aimed to assess the level of food safety knowledge, personal hygiene practices, and microbiological quality of chicken and egg dishes at three catering companies in the Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia, which provide mass catering for workers. From March to July 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted using validated questionnaires, observation checklists, and microbiological tests to measure the parameters of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pearson and Rank-Spearman correlation tests, as well as independent sample t-tests, were used for statistical analysis. The study revealed that 75% of the subjects had limited knowledge of food safety, with only 5% having a good understanding. Furthermore, 95% of the subjects had not received any food safety training, resulting in poor hygiene practices among the food handlers. Although there was no significant correlation between food safety knowledge and hygiene practices (p>0.05), certain practices, such as appearance and hand washing, were significantly correlated with age. Employment duration was negatively correlated with food safety knowledge (p=0.027; r=-0.494). While chicken samples were free from E. coli and S. aureus, one egg sample was found to be contaminated with E. coli. The research emphasizes the significance of providing frequent food safety training to food handlers, ideally every year. Additionally, it recommends conducting larger sample studies and collaborating with government agencies for future research.
Detection of Free-Living Amoeba in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Choudhuri Nairita , Chaudhuri Bhaskar Narayan , Guchhait Partha , Dawn Arup Kumar , Das Satadal
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the presence of Free-Living Amoebae (FLA), particularly Acanthamoeba spp., in diverse water systems and body fluids within a hospital. Water and body fluid samples were collected from various locations. Cultivation of FLA was performed using Non-Nutrient Agar (NNA) culture with Escherichia coli, and microscopic observations after staining. Microscopic observations revealed the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in pre-dialysis tank water and dental flush water samples. The identification of Acanthamoeba in specific water sources underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and preventive strategies to mitigate potential health risks.
Results of an Italian multi-Long-Term Care Facilities survey on diagnostic, therapeutic, and infection control topics: state of the art and future perspective
Authors: Migliavacca Roberta , Vaccaro Luca , Spalla Melissa , De Col Anna , Aschbacher Richard , Working group GLISTer
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims: current trends in the world’s demographic structure indicate increasing requirements for chronic and Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs). As the above settings may act as reservoirs for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs), it is essential to acquire information about diagnostic, therapeutic, and infection control practices, aiming to optimize strategies for the near future. Materials and Methods: the annual survey form for assessment of the MDRO management in LTCFs and Residential Homes (RHs) for non-self-sufficient elderly people, promoted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and adapted by the version of the American National Healthcare Safety Network, was sent to LTCFs healthcare operators by the AMCLI GLISTer Working Group. Topics considered were interactions with clinical microbiology laboratories, infection prevention/control and antibiotic stewardship practices, and electronic medical records data availability. Results and Conclusions: sixteen structures, mostly from 120 to 280 beds, took part in the survey. We registered that i) MDRO colonization screening is usually not adopted in Italian LTCFs for new admissions (14; 87,5%) at present, and ii) microbiological results are usually provided by an external laboratory service. Furthermore, infection control interventions are regularly adopted, and antibiotic prescriptions are registered only in 62,5% and 75% of structures, respectively. About 70% of facilities do not have a strategy for antibiotic use optimization. Planning of 1st/2nd/3rd level MDRO surveillance programs, enhanced training activities, and improved antibiotic consumption control, whether for prophylaxis, empirical, and targeted therapy, appears of paramount importance in the complex reality of LTCFs.
Assessment of CXCL13 plasma level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its relation to other prognostic markers
Authors: Shareef Omer Muhi , Hameed Bassam Muhammad
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a mature B-cell malignancy where there is a progressive accumulation of leukemic cells with a distinctive immunophenotype as consequence to defective apoptosis and survival signals derived from the microenvironment. CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) chemokines have recently emerged as crucial orchestrators for lymphocyte trafficking and activation. These secreted polypeptides exert their function by binding to specific cell surface receptors and can be divided into two categories: homeostatic and inflammatory. The CXCL13 is an efficacious attractant of naive B-cells in vitro and has been shown to be produced constitutively by stromal cells in lymphoid follicles of human lymph nodes. The CXCL13-CXCR5 axis has been previously shown to contribute to the progression of several malignancies and possibly CLL relapse.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study to compare the plasma level of CXCL13 in a patient with CLL with healthy normal control and to correlate the plasma level of CXCL13 to beta-2 microglobulin (β2 M) and other hematological parameters in CLL.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 CLL patients who were newly diagnosed. A total of 30 healthy individuals were included in this study as a control group. Measurement of plasma CXCL13 and beta-2 microglobulin levels was done by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS:

Fifty CLL patients were studied and compared with thirty control group of healthy individuals. The mean level of CXCL13 was 67.48 pg/ml in CLL patients while it was 69.2 pg/ml in control, so it is statistically not significant (P = 0.363). The mean level of β2 M was 50.89 ug/ml in CLL patients while it was 50.59 ug/ml in control, so it is statistically not significant (P = 0.702). The percentage of stage A of CLL patients was 22.44%, stage B was18.36%, and stage C was 10.20%. The percentages of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly were 66%, 32%, and 16%, respectively. The mean of malignant cell percentage in stage A was 55.18%; in stage B, it was 69.28%; and in stage C, it was 81%, so it is statistically significant (P < 0.001). CXCL13 shows no statistically significant between Cd38+ and CD38− and P value was 0.950.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no correlation in level of CXCL13 between the CLL group and the control group. There was no correlation in level of CXCL13 and β2 M in the CLL group.
Phacoemulsification in angle-closure glaucoma: A 360° evaluation
Authors: Singh Kirti , Aggarwal Himshikha , Bhattacharyya Mainak
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) morphology in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Setting and Design:

A hospital-based, prospective pre- and post-interventional study was carried out in 40 PAC and PACG eyes post patent PI with visually significant cataracts.

Methods:

All patients underwent phacoemulsification and were evaluated for IOP control, ACA widening, and disease progression for a minimum of 6 months. Failure was defined as an IOP of >21 mmHg necessitating another intervention, including trabeculectomy and/or an increase in the required number of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) by >1.

Results:

A highly statistically significant reduction of IOP (P < 0.0001) was seen with an overall reduction of 42.2% over 6 months and a mean reduction of 8.9 ± 3.59 mmHg, with the requirement of AGMs reducing from 39/40 patients preoperatively to 1/38 postoperatively. Success was seen in 95% of cases, with two patients not achieving target IOP and requiring trabeculectomy. Angle widening was documented in all cases by both gonioscopy and AS-OCT, and none of the patients showed any progression in disc damage and visual field changes.

Conclusion:

Early cataract surgery in ACG not only helps to control IOP and disease progression by widening angles and improving aqueous outflow but also improves visual acuity and reduces the economic burden of AGMs. It also helps in better evaluation of disease progression by both structural and functional analysis, as was documented by the improved and more reliable visual field indices.
Pedunculated cavernous lymphangioma of the newborn oral cavity
Authors: Manekar Aditya Arvind , Janjala Narahari , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Tripathy Bikasha Bihary , Mohanty Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2024

Oral swellings and ulcers in neonates are a spectrum of diseases often creating a sense of anxiety among parents. Early detection, high index of suspicion, proper investigations, and prompt diagnosis can aid in accurate management of the same. Lymphangiomas are benign hamartomas which are basically malformed lymphatics do not drain into other lymphatics or veins and hence there is lymphatic accumulation and enlargement following cystically dilated spaces. We hereby present a rare case of a neonate born with a cystic mucosal swelling at the upper gingival sulcus since birth.
Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature permanent canine – A case report of a 13-year follow-up
Authors: Petel Roy , Noy Avia Fux
Published: May 2024

Data on long term survival and tooth stability after regenerative endodontic treatment are missing. The purpose of the present report is to describe regenerative endodontic treatment of a permanent mandibular canine with extensive coronal hypoplasia, immature root, and a periapical radiolucency. The regenerative endodontic treatment was initiated by irrigation of the root canal, followed by three weeks of triple antibiotic paste dressing and the creation of a blood clot scaffold covered with mineral trioxide aggregate. A one year clinical and radiographic follow-up demonstrated healing of the periapical radiolucency and the tooth remained stable and sound for almost thirteen years post treatment.
Effectiveness of self-designed dental storybook as behavior modification technique in 5 – 7 year-old children
Authors: Deshpande Anshula , Jain Aishwarya , Shah Yash , Jaiswal Vidhi , Wadhwa Medha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Dental anxiety is one of the key factors that prevent children from obtaining dental treatment and raises anxiety levels in children. The first dental visit is usually fearful for the child and contributes to managing the child patient in a dental operatory. A pediatric dentist's role is to perform effective treatment using various nonpharmacological behavior management techniques.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effect of self-designed dental storybook on behavior and pulse rate before and after dental procedures in 57-year-old children.

Settings and Design:

The study was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 380 aged 57 years. Children were randomly allocated into two groups, namely, Group A − Behavior modification using a self-designed dental storybook and Group B – Behavior modification without storybook. Research was carried out in two dental visits (screening, examination, and preventive and restorative treatment) wherein, before and after intervention, pulse rate, Facial Image Scale (FIS), and Venham Scale (VS) were recorded. Descriptive statistical analyses followed by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied and tabulated using the SPSS software version 23.0.

Results:

There was a significant difference observed in the interventional group as compared to the control group for pulse rate, FIS, and VS.

Conclusion:

Self-designed dental storybook as an adjuvant was found to be promising behavior modification technique for 57-year-old children.
A cross-sectional and histological analysis to understand the cytological effects of cell phone radiation on buccal mucosa of children
Authors: Srujana Aravinda Voleti Sri , Kandregula Chaitanya Ram , Muppa Radhika , Krishna M. Madhavi , Nikitha B. S. , Yenni Malathi
Published: May 2024

Context:

The ongoing pandemic has affected all the spheres of life and one of the severely affected avenues is the education of a child. The online education has seen an upward curve since the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Schools globally have adopted online class tutorials as the main method to impart education and directly increasing the screen time for a child.

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytological effects of prolonged mobile phone usage on the buccal mucosa of children.

Settings and Design:

Stratified sampling was used for the selection of subjects for the study. After a questionnaire regarding the usage of a mobile phone was distributed among the parents of children. Among them, 90 children were selected on the basis of pattern and frequency of mobile phone usage in the child.

Materials and Methodology:

The children were divided into three groups based on the per day hours of viewing of mobile phone, i.e., Group 1: Usage of 1–2 h a day, Group 2: Usage of 3–6 h a day, and Group 3: Usage of >6 h a day. The time frame taken into consideration was 1 year after the pandemic started. This was specifically to understand the impact of the online education. Swab was obtained by using the conventional ice-cream stick method from the buccal mucosa.

Statistical Analysis:

The samples were subjected to histological and microscopical analysis to observe for cytological changes. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance if any.

Results:

The results obtained clearly showed that Group 3 (>6 h usage per day) showed the highest number of cellular and chromosomal aberrations which was significant.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that impact due to the prolonged screen time on the buccal mucosa is significant. A direct proportionality was seen between the apoptotic changes and chromosomal aberrations and the number of daily hour usage.
Comparative assessment of the efficacy of low concentration bleaching agents using quantitative light induced fluorescence in removing stains
Authors: Balakrishnan Aiswarya , Bhojraj Nandlal , Shanbhog Raghavendra , Ashwini K. P.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Tooth discoloration has become a common esthetic problem in recent years. Removal of stains by bleaching is well-documented. Low concentration home bleaching products are available in market in different forms and concentrations.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of low concentration commercially available home bleaching products (whitening strip, gel, and mouthwash) in removing stains and whitening the tooth using clinical and digital methods.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty permanent enamel samples mounted in an acrylic block were artificially stained and randomly divided into four groups. Negative control, 15 % Carbamide peroxide gel group, 2% Hydrogen 16 peroxide mouthwash group and 6% Hydrogen peroxide strip group respectively. The samples were bleached with respective agents according to the manufacturer's instructions. The efficacy on 7th and 14th day was evaluated clinically (SGU change), photographically (ΔE), and using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (ΔF). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance.

Results:

Postbleaching, 6% hydrogen peroxide strips and 15% carbamide peroxide gel showed maximum improvement (ΔΔF – 15.73 and 11.89, ΔE – 19.8 and 18.9, respectively) when compared to 2% hydrogen peroxide mouthwash and negative control group (ΔΔF – 9.68 and 6.59, ΔE – 15.04 and 9.44, respectively). The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

6% hydrogen peroxide strips and 15% carbamide peroxide gel showed maximum improvement in stain removal and tooth whitening however, the strips showed better efficacy than the gel. Strips have the added advantage of lesser contact period, less salivary dilution, and no gingival contact. Therefore, strips can be a better alternative for gels and mouthwashes.
Estimation of dental age using Willems method and comparing it with Demirjian's method in 7–14-year-old children of Uttarakhand
Authors: Chandail Keerti , Goyal Varinder , Kaul Mehak , Dutt Satyam , Koul Tishya , Misgar Burhan Altaf
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The aim of this comparative study was to estimate the dental age using Willems method by assessing the developmental stages of left seven permanent mandibular teeth in 7–14 years of age groups with the help of digital orthopantomogram and comparing it with Demirjian's method to conclude which method was more appropriate and better in Indian population of Uttarakhand region.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 digital orthopantomogram films of patients in the age group of 7-14 years was collected over the study period of 3 years from July 2014 to January 2017 and was equally distributed by convenience sampling. Group I included 50 boys and Group II included 50 girls aging 7–14 years of age (as permanent 7 teeth in the 3rd quadrant were to be assessed and scored according to the Demirjian's table, the 7–14 age group was selected). The date of birth of the subject was documented against their allocated identification number. Dental age according to Willem's method was calculated using Willem's table and Demirjian and Goldstein's table scores were used to calculate dental age by Demirjian's method.

Results:

Willems method was more accurate and better than Demirjian's method as it showed less mean percentage error, i.e., 0.34% as compared to 15.94% obtained from Demirjian's method in Group II and 2.19% as compared to 8.05% obtained from Demirjian's method in Group I.

Conclusion:

The results suggested that Willems method of dental age estimation was an effective method of age estimation and was better and more accurate than Demirjian's method.
Current practices and perceived influences of diet diaries usage in pediatric dental practice
Authors: Hambire Chaitali , Hambire Umesh Vishnu
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The diet diaries act as an important tool for the assessment of diet. There is a paucity of studies to assess the usage of diet diaries for the management of caries in high-risk patients by pediatric dentists. The study was conducted to explore the perceptions of the pediatric dentists regarding the possible difficulties and their solutions for the usage of diet diaries in their dental office.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire was designed incorporating a diet dairy to understand its perception and utilization by the pediatric dentists while preparing the diet modifications for their patients. A qualitative research methodology was used to understand the factors associated with adherence of the pediatric patients to the issued diet dairies.

Observations:

Majority of pediatric dentists (78%) collected the information regarding the diet verbally without using diet diaries. Most common reason was constraints were monetary (43%) followed by time (35%). Other reasons were poor compliance of parents and pediatric patients (12%). About 10% of pediatric dentists perceived that they lacked the skills needed for appropriate dietary counselling. The results of the qualitative study showed that adhering to diet diaries was a multi-contextual phenomenon.

Conclusions:

In order to use the diet diary as an efficient dietary assessment and monitoring tool multifaceted interventions are needed. A supportive healthcare system, motivation of parents as well as child along with an efficient tool seems to be a need for the success of the utilization of diet diaries.
Evaluation of silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique versus conventional pulp therapy in asymptomatic deep carious lesion of primary molars – A comparative prospective clinical study
Authors: Patel Megha C. , Makwani Disha A. , Bhatt Rohan K. , Raj Vijeta , Patel Chhaya , Patel Foram
Published: May 2024

Background:

Lately, a paradigm shift from radical to conservative approach has popularized the selective caries removal over complete excavation in deep caries. Indirect pulp therapy over pulpotomy is being preferred due to risk of questionable pulp vitality in carious exposure of pulp. Silver diamine fluoride can be a useful tool for noninvasive caries management due to its antimicrobial and remineralization properties.

Aim:

The study aims to evaluate the success of minimum intervention approach using silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) as indirect pulp treatment compared to conventional vital pulp therapy in symptomless deep carious lesions of primary molars.

Materials and Methods:

In this comparative, prospective, double-blinded, clinical interventional study, 60 asymptomatic primary molar teeth with international caries detection and assessment system score 4–6 were selected in children aged 4–8 years and were randomly allocated into SMART and conventional groups. The success of the treatment approach was assessed using clinical and radiographic criteria at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months interval.

Results:

Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. Conventional group showed 100% and SMART observed 96.15% clinical success at 12 months follow up (P > 0.05). One radiographic failure due to internal resorption at 6 months in SMART and one in the conventional group at 12 months was reported though the difference was insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Removal of all infected dentin in deep carious lesions is not required for successful caries treatment and SMART can be recommended as a potential biologic approach to manage asymptomatic deep dentinal lesions, based on optimal case selection.
Sports-related facial trauma in the Indian population - A systematic review
Authors: Shreya S. , Baliga Shridhar Damodar , Baliga Sulakshana Shridhar
Published: May 2024

Background:

Sports injuries are a growing concern which requires immediate attention. Dental injuries are the most common type of orofacial injuries sustained during sports activities.

Objectives:

This study aims to review the prevalence of sports-related facial trauma in India, to identify the most common types of oro-facial injury incurred due to sports, and to assess the level of awareness regarding preventive measures used in sports.

Methodology:

The present review was performed in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. All articles published from 2005 to 2019 on sports-related facial trauma were analyzed. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane reviews databases were searched using primary keywords.

Results:

A total of 24 articles published in the period of 2005–2019 were included. The prevalence of sports-related facial trauma was found to be the highest in the study conducted by Selva et al., in 2018, at a rate of 75%, whereas it was found to be minimal in the study conducted by Bali et al. in 2013. While the awareness of mouthguards was reported the highest in a study conducted by Ramagoni et al., in 2007.

Conclusion:

This study shows that there is a definite need to improve the awareness as well as the usage of protective gear, from the level of schooling, where children are introduced to sports. Prevention of sports-related facial trauma is essential to avoid the serious and lifelong consequences which could be the aftermath of such injuries.
Comparative evaluation of body mass index among school children with and without Bruxism of age group of 6–12 years in Kanchipuram district
Authors: Siva Lokesh , Krishnamoorthy Vivek , Durai K. Sugumaran , Ahamed S. Syed Shaheed , Rajakumari S. , Catherine N. C.
Published: May 2024

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the body mass index (BMI) of school-going children with bruxism and without bruxism of age between 6 and 12 years.

Settings and Design:

To find the correlation between BMI and oral habit bruxism among school children and compare with those children without bruxism.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 6122 children were screened from 28 government and 12 private schools, in which 1854 (30.28%) had various types of oral habits. Among this 280 children had the stressful habit bruxism. The BMI of those children was calculated by measuring the height and weight. The values were compared with the BMI of same number of students of same age group, who does not have any oral habits, with the WHO standard. The values were calculated and tabulated for the statistical analysis, using the SPSS software version 19 (IBM company) with the P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results:

Its shows that children with bruxism has high BMI range, was in the order of overweight > Normal > Underweight, but the BMI of children without any habit was in the order of normal > Underweight > Overweight. On comparison, it was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The habit bruxism had a positive correlation with the BMI of children. The children are more stressed from both indoor and outdoor. Hence, kindly educate all the parents, teachers, and public to identify the cause for the habit, because each oral habit is strongly deep rooted with some emotional and/or psychological problem and to make the children stress free in future.
Estimating the effectiveness of lollipops containing xylitol and erythritol on salivary pH in 3–6 years olds
Authors: Jain Sakshi , Mathur Shivani
Published: May 2024

Background:

Prevention of dental caries is important for nutrition and health of the child. Sucrose being considered an arch criminal, various substitutes are recommended. Xylitol is an artificial sweetener which cannot be metabolized by bacteria. Thus, it seems to be a promising method in prevention of dental caries.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty children between the age of 3–6 years were randomly divided into two groups; Group 1: Control group (without lollipops) and Group 2: Experimental group (with sugar substitute lollipops). The saliva sample was collected at four different time intervals, and pH of saliva was determined using universal pH indicator.

Results:

There was a significant drop in the pH after drinking sweetened beverages in both the groups, but there was a significant rise in pH after having xylitol + erythritol lollipops which almost returned to baseline after 15 min.

Conclusion:

Lollipops containing xylitol and erythritol can be used in small children and it has potential to increase salivary pH, thus not allowing the pH to fall below the critical value.
Remineralization efficacy of nonfluoride versus herbal-based pediatric dentifrice in demineralized primary teeth
Authors: Ranjana Balamurugan Suba , Chowdhary Nagalakshmi , Kiran N. K. , Chaitan S. M. , Reddy Vundela Rajashekar , Prabahar Tanuja
Published: May 2024

Background:

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent posteruptive bacterial infections worldwide, characterized by a progressive demineralization process that affects the mineralized dental tissues. Although the decline of dental caries prevalence can be attributed to the widespread use of dentifrices that contain fluoride, yet there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice. Yet, there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the remineralizing effect of nonfluoride-based and herbal-based pediatric dentifrice in demineralized primary teeth with an ideal in vitro method of pH cycling and evaluating the values under Polarized Light Microscope (Olympus BX43) using image analysis software (ProgRes, Speed XT core3).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 tooth samples were collected and placed in the demineralizing solution for 96 h to produce a demineralized lesion of approximately 100 μm, and then cut longitudinally into 60 sections that were randomly assigned to two groups with 27 samples each, Group A – nonfluoride-based dentifrice (Mee Mee®), Group B – herbal-based dentifrice (Mamaearth™), after which they were subjected to pH cycling for 7 days along with dentifrice slurry preparation. The sections were evaluated under the polarizing light microscopy for remineralizing efficacy. The lesion depth was measured and tabulated to be sent for statistical analysis.

Results:

The mean demineralization value for nonfluoride and herbal-based dentifrice groups were 7.8730 μm and 28.3174 μm, respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that since lesion depth measured was lesser in nonfluoride than herbal-based dentifrice, remineralization has occurred in the nonfluoride-based dentifrice group.

Conclusion:

Nonfluoride-based dentifrice showed significant results in remineralizing the demineralized lesion, while herbal-based dentifrice showed poor efficiency in remineralizing the demineralized lesion.
Effect of silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and glutathione on micro-shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement to caries affected dentine
Authors: Priya Deepthy , Karale Rupali , Prashanth BR , Raj Aparna , Vathsala Heggade KN
Published: May 2024

Background:

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF, 38%) is an efficient topical fluoride used to arrest dental caries though it causes black staining of both teeth and restoration. The application of potassium iodide (KI) after SDF reduces the stain, but the color change is only temporary. An alternative method suggested is by mixing glutathione (GSH) with SDF, which preserves the silver ions of SDF within the solution. Hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to caries affected dentin (CAD) pretreated with SDF/KI/GSH.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty dentine slices of 2 mm thickness from human permanent upper premolars were demineralized using pH cycling method to mimic CAD. They were allocated to three groups of 10 each and treated with SDF, SDF-KI (SDF followed by KI), SDF + GSH (SDF mixed with GSH), respectively. Specimens were bonded with GICs. The μSBS was assessed using a universal testing machine and the data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results:

The μSBS (mean ± standard deviation) values for groups SDF, SDF-KI, and SDF + GSH were 4.81 ± 2.026, 5.78 ± 1.809, 8.18 ± 2.828 megapascal respectively. Group 3 showed significantly better bond strength compared to groups 1 and 2. In group 2, the addition of KI showed better bond strength when compared to group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Pretreatment of teeth with GSH along with SDF application showed significantly better bond strength of GIC to CAD compared to SDF and SDF-KI.
Histological evaluation of dental pulp response to Biodentine, enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain), and mineral trioxide aggregate as direct pulp-capping agents – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Devi Takhellambam Premlata , Kaur Amandeep , Priyadarshini Shamurailatpam , Deepak B. S. , Banerjee Sumita , Sanjeeta Ngairangbam
Published: May 2024

Aim:

We aimed to study the response of pulp tissue to Biodentine, enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as direct pulp-capping (DPC) agents.

Materials and Methods:

This study was performed on 78 maxillary/mandibular permanent teeth indicated for surgical extraction (periodontal/orthodontic). Exposure of 1.2 mm in diameter was made. Hemostasis was achieved. The tooth was randomly allocated to one of the three groups. In Group 1, pulp capping was done with Biodentine. In Group 2, Emdogain was used. In Group 3 (control), pulp capping was carried out with MTA. Final restoration was done with glass-ionomer cement. Teeth were extracted atraumatically after 6 weeks. Histologic examination was done and samples were evaluated. Differences in inflammatory response in the three groups were statistically evaluated using Chi-square test.

Results:

Grade 1 inflammatory response was observed in 57.7% of cases treated with Biodentine, 36% with Emdogain, and 65.4% with MTA. The difference was however not statistically significant (P = 0.427). Majority of cases in the MTA group (57.7%) showed presence of calcific bridge directly adjacent to the medicament interface as compared to Biodentine (46.1%) and Emdogain (0%), and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The difference in formation of calcific bridge with MTA and Biodentine was not statistically significant (0.694).

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of this histological study, it can be concluded that MTA and Biodentine are well tolerated as DPC agents by pulp tissue as compared to Emdogain.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Somatic Symptoms in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Aziz Sadaf , Kelkar Parisha , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

During the perimenopausal phase, women experience a myriad of somatic symptoms as well as changes in mood and emotions which could be related to the endocrine changes and psychological factors during this transition.

Aim:

The aim was to assess the prevalence of somatic symptoms and psychiatric morbidity in perimenopausal women.

Material and Methods:

By purposive sampling, 100 women in the age group of 45–55 years were included in the study with their consent. They were assessed with a self-made sociodemographic proforma, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS 21), Menopause Rating Scale, big five inventory scale (BFI-10), and social support scale.

Results:

Psychiatric morbidity was seen in 41% of perimenopausal women, out of which 32% showed somatic symptoms. Seventeen percent had mild-to-moderate depressive features, 17% showed mild-to-moderate anxiety, and 7% were dysthymic.

Conclusion:

Prevalent life stressors seemed to affect the transition into menopause for many women which directly corresponded to the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and somatic symptoms in them.
Unusual Case of Painless Osteoblastoma of Rib: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Vaidya Advait A. , Nagireddy Tejus V. , Gupta Samir , Kshirsagar Pankaj , Londhe Mangesh M.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Osteoblastoma is a rare benign bone tumor commonly located at spine and long bones. However, rib involvement has been reported less frequently. In this report, we describe a young adult female presenting with osteoblastoma of third rib, with the purpose of reviewing clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of osteoblastoma and emphasizing surgical resection as the treatment of choice to lessen chances of recurrence and avoid its confusion with other benign bone tumors by providing adequate tissue for histopathological analysis. Osteoblastoma is an uncommon primary bone tumor accounting for only 1% of all bone tumors. Ribs are involved in less than 5% of patients. The disease has usually a good prognosis with a tendency for local destruction and recurrence. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice to prevent recurrences and to provide a definite diagnosis differentiating it from osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma and other benign tumors of the rib.
Internet Usage and its Addiction among School-going Adolescents in an Urban District of India
Authors: Agrawal Ginni , Jain Piyush , Verma Ramesh
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Internet addiction is inability to control the use of internet, leading to physical, psychological or social difficulties.

Materials and Methods:

A school based study was conducted among adolescents of urban Rohtak, Haryana, using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and Young’s Internet Addiction test.

Results:

Out of 600 participants, 44.17% were female. This study showed widespread internet use among adolescents (86%). The main purpose of internet use was entertainment (95%). The estimated prevalence of internet addiction was high (66.86%). Internet addiction was higher among males (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

There is a need to counsel children regarding the appropriate use of internet and balancing the time between internet surfing, studies and outdoor physical activities.
Spatiotemporal Epidemiology of Malaria in India from 2007 to 2022
Authors: Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Bharti Praveen K. , Amarthaluri Christiana , Chellappan Savitha , Behera Sujit Kumar , Mohanty Ajeet Kumar , Sarma Devojit Kumar , Dash Aditya Prasad , Balabaskaran Nina Praveen
Published: May 2024

India is a major contributor to the global burden of malaria, especially Plasmodium vivax infection. Understanding the spatiotemporal trends of malaria across India over the last two decades may assist in targeted intervention. The population-normalized spatiotemporal trends of malaria epidemiology in India from 2007 to 2022 were analyzed using a geographic information system with the publicly available “malaria situation” report of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP). The NVBDCP data showed malaria cases to have steeply declined from 1.17 million in 2015 to 0.18 million cases in 2022; this is 10.1 and 18.7 fold lower than the WHO’s estimate of 11.93 million and 3.38 million cases in 2015 and 2022, respectively. From 2007 to 2022, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand consistently reported high caseloads of Plasmodium falciparum. In the same period, the P. vivax caseload was high in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The distribution of forest cover, annual rainfall, and proportion of the Scheduled Tribe population (the most underprivileged in Indian society) spatially correlated with malaria cases and deaths. Mizoram is the only state where cases were higher in 2022 than in 2007. Overall, India has made tremendous progress in controlling malaria and malaria-related deaths in the last decade. The decline could be attributed to the effective vector and parasite control strategies implemented across the country.
Assessment of Oxidative Stress and Plasma Gelsolin Levels in Children with IgA Vasculitis
Authors: Danacı Burcu , Bastuğ Funda , Karakükcü Çiğdem , Çelik Binnaz , Çeleğen Kübra
Published: May 2024

Oxidative stress has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), but the available data remain insufficient. Our goal was to determine the role of the oxidant-antioxidant system and plasma gelsolin (pGSN) in patients with IgAV and its relationship with organ involvement. In the study, 30 individuals with IgAV diagnoses and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients were examined in both the active and remission periods. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and pGSN levels were measured. Compared with the remission and control groups, active IgAV patients had higher serum MDA levels; however, this difference was not statistically significant. When comparing the acute period to remission and control, serum SOD levels were somewhat lower; however, the difference was not statistically significant (>0.05). pGSN levels were prominently low in IgAV patients both in the acute and remission phases (<0.05). No correlation was found between organ involvement, serum MDA, antioxidant enzyme (SOD), and pGSN levels. Low pGSN levels in patients with IgAV may be due to pGSN consumption during the acute episode of the inflammatory process. This may tilt the delicate equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants, potentially amplifying reactive oxygen species generation.
A NEW LOOK AT THE DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOMETRIOSIS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR GENETIC RESEARCH METHODS
Authors: Леваков С.А. , Громова Т.А. , Кирьянова А.О.
Published: May 2024

Эндометриоз представляет собой гинекологическое заболевание, которое наблюдается у 176 млн женщин во всем мире. Как правило, эндометриоз поражает женщин репродуктивного возраста, при этом имеет достаточно общих характеристик с инвазивным раком и связан, в частности, с развитием эпителиального рака яичников. В настоящее время причины развития этих состояний не установлены. Предположительно, важную роль в развитии эндометриоза и эндометриоз-ассоциированного рака яичников играет эпигенетическая регуляция. В данном обзоре основное внимание уделяется эпигенетическим изменениям (а именно микроРНК и днРНК), которые происходят при каждом из этих заболеваний и определяют сходство между ними.

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease that affects 176 million women worldwide. As a rule, endometriosis affects women of the reproductive period, while it has quite common characteristics with invasive cancer and is associated, in particular, with the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. To date, no reliable causes for the development of these two conditions have been identified, and therefore it has been suggested that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the development of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. This review focuses on the epigenetic changes (namely miRNAs and lncRNAs) that occur in each individual disease and that share similarities between them.