bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The preoperative incidence of raised intracranial pressure in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis is underestimated in the literature
Authors: Wall Steven A. , Thomas Gregory P. L. , Johnson David , Byren Jo C. , Jayamohan Jayaratnam , Magdum Shailendra A. , McAuley David J. , Richards Peter G.
Published: September 2014

Object

The presence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in untreated nonsyndromic, isolated sagittal craniosynostosis (SC) is an important functional indication for surgery.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of all 284 patients presenting with SC to the Oxford Craniofacial Unit between 1995 and 2010.

Results

Intraparenchymal ICP monitoring was performed in 39 children following a standard unit protocol. Monitoring of ICP was offered for all patients in whom nonoperative management was considered on the basis of minimal deformity or in cases in which parents were reluctant to agree to corrective surgery. These patients presented at an older age than the rest of the cohort (mean age 56 months), with marked scaphocephaly (16/39, 41%), mild scaphocephaly (11, 28%), or no scaphocephalic deformity (12, 31%). Raised ICP was found in 17 (44%) patients, with no significant difference in its incidence among the 3 different deformity types. Raised ICP was not predicted by the presence of symptoms of ICP or developmental delay or by ophthalmological or radiological findings.

Conclusions

The incidence of raised ICP in SC reported here is greater than that previously published in the literature. The lack of a reliable noninvasive method to identify individuals with elevated ICP in SC mandates consideration of intraparenchymal ICP monitoring in all patients for whom nonoperative management is contemplated.
Identifying Sources and Assessing Potential Risk of Exposure to Heavy Metals and Hazardous Materials in Mining Areas: The Case Study of Panasqueira Mine (Central Portugal) as an Example
Authors: Candeias Carla , Da Silva Eduardo , Ávila Paula , Teixeira João
Published: September 2014

The Sn-W Panasqueira mine, in activity since the mid-1890s, is one of the most important economic deposits in the world. Arsenopyrite is the main mineral present as well as rejected waste sulphide. The long history is testified by the presence of a huge amount of tailings, which release considerable quantities of heavy metal(loid)s into the environment. This work assesses soil contamination and evaluates the ecological and human health risks due to exposure to hazardous materials. The metal assemblage identified in soil (Ag-As-Bi-Cd-Cu-W-Zn; potentially toxic elements (PTEs)) reflects the influence of the tailings, due to several agents including aerial dispersion. PTEs and pH display a positive correlation confirming that heavy metal mobility is directly related to pH and, therefore, affects their availability. The estimated contamination factor classified 92.6% of soil samples as moderately to ultra-highly polluted. The spatial distribution of the potential ecological risk index classified the topsoil as being of a very high ecological risk, consistent with wind direction. Non-carcinogenic hazard of topsoil, for children (1–6 years), showed that for As the non-carcinogenic hazard represents a high health risk. The carcinogenic risks, both for children and adult alike, reveal a very high cancer risk mostly due to As ingestion.
Acoustic Noise Alters Selective Attention Processes as Indicated by Direct Current (DC) Brain Potential Changes
Authors: Trimmel Karin , Schätzer Julia , Trimmel Michael
Published: September 2014

Acoustic environmental noise, even of low to moderate intensity, is known to adversely affect information processing in animals and humans via attention mechanisms. In particular, facilitation and inhibition of information processing are basic functions of selective attention. Such mechanisms can be investigated by analyzing brain potentials under conditions of externally directed attention (intake of environmental information) versus internally directed attention (rejection of environmental stimuli and focusing on memory/planning processes). This study investigated brain direct current (DC) potential shifts—which are discussed to represent different states of cortical activation—of tasks that require intake and rejection of environmental information under noise. It was hypothesized that without background noise rejection tasks would show more positive DC potential changes compared to intake tasks and that under noise both kinds of tasks would show positive DC shifts as an expression of cortical inhibition caused by noise. DC potential shifts during intake and rejection tasks were analyzed at 16 standard locations in 45 persons during irrelevant speech or white noise vs. control condition. Without noise, rejection tasks were associated with more positive DC potential changes compared to intake tasks. During background noise, however, this difference disappeared and both kinds of tasks led to positive DC shifts. Results suggest—besides some limitations—that noise modulates selective attention mechanisms by switching to an environmental information processing and noise rejection mode, which could represent a suggested “attention shift”. Implications for fMRI studies as well as for public health in learning and performance environments including susceptible persons are discussed.
Evaluation of Resident Evacuations in Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging Disasters Based on Scenario Simulation: Daoli District (Harbin, China) as an Example
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Jiquan , Zhang Lifeng , Sun Yingyue
Published: September 2014

With the acceleration of urbanization, waterlogging has become an increasingly serious issue. Road waterlogging has a great influence on residents’ travel and traffic safety. Thus, evaluation of residents’ travel difficulties caused by rainstorm waterlogging disasters is of great significance for their travel safety and emergency shelter needs. This study investigated urban rainstorm waterlogging disasters, evaluating the impact of the evolution of such disasters’ evolution on residents’ evacuation, using Daoli District (Harbin, China) as the research demonstration area to perform empirical research using a combination of scenario simulations, questionnaires, GIS spatial technology analysis and a hydrodynamics method to establish an urban rainstorm waterlogging numerical simulation model. The results show that under the conditions of a 10-year frequency rainstorm, there are three street sections in the study area with a high difficulty index, five street sections with medium difficulty index and the index is low at other districts, while under the conditions of a 50-year frequency rainstorm, there are five street sections with a high difficulty index, nine street sections with a medium difficulty index and the other districts all have a low index. These research results can help set the foundation for further small-scale urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster scenario simulations and emergency shelter planning as well as forecasting and warning, and provide a brand-new thought and research method for research on residents’ safe travel.
Genomic Instability in Human Lymphocytes from Male Users of Crack Cocaine
Authors: Freitas Thiago , Palazzo Roberta , De Andrade Fabiana , Reichert César , Pechansky Flávio , Kessler Félix , De Farias Caroline , De Andrade Gisele , Leistner-Segal Sandra , Maluf Sharbel
Published: September 2014

Recent research suggests that crack cocaine use alters systemic biochemical markers, like oxidative damage and inflammation markers, but very few studies have assessed the potential effects of crack cocaine at the cellular level. We assessed genome instability by means of the comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique in crack cocaine users at the time of admission to a rehabilitation clinic and at two times after the beginning of withdrawal. Thirty one active users of crack cocaine and forty control subjects were evaluated. Comparison between controls and crack cocaine users at the first analysis showed significant differences in the rates of DNA damage (p = 0.037). The frequency of micronuclei (MN) (p < 0.001) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) (p < 0.001) was increased, but not the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) (p = 0.089). DNA damage decreased only after the end of treatment (p < 0.001). Micronuclei frequency did not decrease after treatment, and nuclear buds increased substantially. The results of this study reveal the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of crack cocaine use in human lymphocytes and pave the way for further research on cellular responses and the possible consequences of DNA damage, such as induction of irreversible neurological disease and cancer.
In vitro and in vivo Effects of Free and Chalcones-Loaded Nanoemulsions: Insights and Challenges in Targeted Cancer Chemotherapies
Authors: Winter Evelyn , Pizzol Carine , Locatelli Claudriana , Silva Adny , Conte Aline , Chiaradia-Delatorre Louise , Nunes Ricardo , Yunes Rosendo , Creckzynski-Pasa Tânia
Published: September 2014

Several obstacles are encountered in conventional chemotherapy, such as drug toxicity and poor stability. Nanotechnology is envisioned as a strategy to overcome these effects and to improve anticancer therapy. Nanoemulsions comprise submicron emulsions composed of biocompatible lipids, and present a large surface area revealing interesting physical properties. Chalcones are flavonoid precursors, and have been studied as cytotoxic drugs for leukemia cells that induce cell death by different apoptosis pathways. In this study, we encapsulated chalcones in a nanoemulsion and compared their effect with the respective free compounds in leukemia and in non-tumoral cell lines, as well as in an in vivo model. Free and loaded-nanoemulsion chalcones induced a similar anti-leukemic effect. Free chalcones induced higher toxicity in VERO cells than chalcones-loaded nanoemulsions. Similar results were observed in vivo. Free chalcones induced a reduction in weight gain and liver injuries, evidenced by oxidative stress, as well as an inflammatory response. Considering the high toxicity and the side effects induced generally by all cancer chemotherapies, nanotechnology provides some options for improving patients’ life quality and/or increasing survival rates.
Combinatorial Measurement of CDKN1A/p21 and KIF20A Expression for Discrimination of DNA Damage-Induced Clastogenicity
Authors: Sakai Rina , Morikawa Yuji , Kondo Chiaki , Oka Hiroyuki , Miyajima Hirofumi , Kubo Kihei , Uehara Takeki
Published: September 2014

In vitro mammalian cytogenetic tests detect chromosomal aberrations and are used for testing the genotoxicity of compounds. This study aimed to identify a supportive genomic biomarker could minimize the risk of misjudgments and aid appropriate decision making in genotoxicity testing. Human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were treated with each of six DNA damage-inducing genotoxins (clastogens) or two genotoxins that do not cause DNA damage. Cells were exposed to each compound for 4 h, and gene expression was comprehensively examined using Affymetrix U133A microarrays. Toxicogenomic analysis revealed characteristic alterations in the expression of genes included in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A/p21)-centered network. The majority of genes included in this network were upregulated on treatment with DNA damage-inducing clastogens. The network, however, also included kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) downregulated by treatment with all the DNA damage-inducing clastogens. Downregulation of KIF20A expression was successfully confirmed using additional DNA damage-inducing clastogens. Our analysis also demonstrated that nucleic acid constituents falsely downregulated the expression of KIF20A, possibly via p16 activation, independently of the CDKN1A signaling pathway. Our results indicate the potential of KIF20A as a supportive biomarker for clastogenicity judgment and possible mechanisms involved in KIF20A downregulation in DNA damage and non-DNA damage signaling networks.
Development of a Historical Multi-Year Land Cover Classification Incorporating Wildfire Effects
Authors: Morrison Katherine , Kolden Crystal
Published: September 2014

Land cover change impacts ecosystem function across the globe. The use of land cover data is vital in the detection of these changes over time; however, most available land cover products, such as the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD), are produced relatively infrequently. The most recent NLCD at the time of this research was produced in 2006 and does not adequately reflect the impact of land cover changes that have occurred since, including the occurrence of two large wildfires in 2008 in our study area. Therefore, there is a need for the classification of historical remotely sensed data, such as Landsat scenes, through replicable methods. While it is possible to collect field data coinciding with current or future Landsat acquisitions, it is impossible to retrospectively collect data for previous years; thus, fewer studies have focused on the classification of historical scenes. Using a single year of field reference and multi-year aerial photography data, we applied a simple decision tree classifier to accurately classify historic satellite data and produced maps of land cover to incorporate the effects of 2008 wildfires occurring between NLCD production dates. Overall accuracy ranged from 76 to 90 percent and was assessed using conventional error matrices.
Robust Nonlinear Regulation of Limit Cycle Oscillations in UAVs Using Synthetic Jet Actuators
Authors: Pedroza Natalie , MacKunis William , Golubev Vladimir
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a synthetic jet actuators (SJA)-based nonlinear robust controller is developed, which is capable of completely suppressing limit cycle oscillations (LCO) in UAV systems with parametric uncertainty in the SJA dynamics and unmodeled external disturbances. Specifically, the control law compensates for uncertainty in an input gain matrix, which results from the unknown airflow dynamics generated by the SJA. Challenges in the control design include compensation for input-multiplicative parametric uncertainty in the actuator dynamic model. The result was achieved via innovative algebraic manipulation in the error system development, along with a Lyapunov-based robust control law. A rigorous Lyapunov-based stability analysis is utilized to prove asymptotic LCO suppression, considering a detailed dynamic model of the pitching and plunging dynamics. Numerical simulation results are provided to demonstrate the robustness and practical performance of the proposed control law.
Effects of Disturbance and Climate Change on Ecosystem Performance in the Yukon River Basin Boreal Forest
Authors: Wylie Bruce , Rigge Matthew , Brisco Brian , Murnaghan Kevin , Rover Jennifer , Long Jordan
Published: September 2014

A warming climate influences boreal forest productivity, dynamics, and disturbance regimes. We used ecosystem models and 250 m satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data averaged over the growing season (GSN) to model current, and estimate future, ecosystem performance. We modeled Expected Ecosystem Performance (EEP), or anticipated productivity, in undisturbed stands over the 2000–2008 period from a variety of abiotic data sources, using a rule-based piecewise regression tree. The EEP model was applied to a future climate ensemble A1B projection to quantify expected changes to mature boreal forest performance. Ecosystem Performance Anomalies (EPA), were identified as the residuals of the EEP and GSN relationship and represent performance departures from expected performance conditions. These performance data were used to monitor successional events following fire. Results suggested that maximum EPA occurs 30–40 years following fire, and deciduous stands generally have higher EPA than coniferous stands. Mean undisturbed EEP is projected to increase 5.6% by 2040 and 8.7% by 2070, suggesting an increased deciduous component in boreal forests. Our results contribute to the understanding of boreal forest successional dynamics and its response to climate change. This information enables informed decisions to prepare for, and adapt to, climate change in the Yukon River Basin forest.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Gyres in Oriented Lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Northern Alaska Based on Remotely Sensed Images
Authors: Zhan Shengan , Beck Richard , Hinkel Kenneth , Liu Hongxing , Jones Benjamin
Published: September 2014

The formation of oriented thermokarst lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska has been the subject of debate for more than half a century. The striking elongation of the lakes perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction has led to the development of a preferred wind-generated gyre hypothesis, while other hypotheses include a combination of sun angle, topographic aspect, and/or antecedent conditions. A spatio-temporal analysis of oriented thermokarst lake gyres with recent (Landsat 8) and historical (Landsat 4, 5, 7 and ASTER) satellite imagery of the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska indicates that wind-generated gyres are both frequent and regionally extensive. Gyres are most common in lakes located near the Arctic coast after several days of sustained winds from a single direction, typically the northeast, and decrease in number landward with decreasing wind energy. This analysis indicates that the conditions necessary for the Carson and Hussey (1962) wind-generated gyre for oriented thermokarst lake formation are common temporally and regionally and correspond spatially with the geographic distribution of oriented lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain. Given an increase in the ice-free season for lakes as well as strengthening of the wind regime, the frequency and distribution of lake gyres may increase. This increase has implications for changes in northern high latitude aquatic ecosystems, particularly if wind-generated gyres promote permafrost degradation and thermokarst lake expansion.
Estimating Spatial and Temporal Variability in Surface Kinematics of the Inylchek Glacier, Central Asia, using TerraSAR–X Data
Authors: Neelmeijer Julia , Motagh Mahdi , Wetzel Hans-Ulrich
Published: September 2014

We use 124 scenes of TerraSAR–X data that were acquired in 2009 and 2010 to analyse the spatial and temporal variability in surface kinematics of the debris-covered Inylchek Glacier, located in the Tien Shan mountain range in Central Asia. By applying the feature tracking method to the intensity information of the radar data and combining the results from the ascending and descending orbits, we derive the surface velocity field of the glaciated area. Analysing the seasonal variations over the upper part of the Southern Inylchek branch, we find a temperature-related increase in velocity from 25 cm/d up to 50 cm/d between spring and summer, with the peak occurring in June. Another prominent velocity peak is observable one month later in the lower part of the Southern Inylchek branch. This area shows generally little motion, with values of approximately 5–10 cm/d over the year, but yields surface kinematics of up to 25 cm/d during the peak period. Comparisons of the dates of annual glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) of the proglacial Lake Merzbacher suggest that this lower part is directly influenced by the drainage, leading to the observed mini-surge, which has over twice the normal displacement rate. With regard to the GLOF and the related response of Inylchek Glacier, we conclude that X–band radar systems such as TerraSAR–X have a high potential for detecting and characterising small-scale glacial surface kinematic variations and should be considered for future inter-annual glacial monitoring tasks.
Shaping of Looped Miniaturized Chalcogenide Fiber Sensing Heads for Mid-Infrared Sensing
Authors: Houizot Patrick , Anne Marie-Laure , Boussard-Plédel Catherine , Loréal Olivier , Tariel Hugues , Lucas Jacques , Bureau Bruno
Published: September 2014

Chalcogenide glass fibers are promising photonic tools to develop Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) optical sensors working in the mid-infrared region. Numerous pioneering works have already been carried out showing their efficiency, especially for bio-medical applications. Nevertheless, this technology remains confined to academic studies at the laboratory scale because chalcogenide glass fibers are difficult to shape to produce reliable, sensitive and compact sensors. In this paper, a new method for designing and fabricating a compact and robust sensing head with a selenide glass fiber is described. Compact looped sensing heads with diameter equal to 2 mm were thus shaped. This represents an outstanding achievement considering the brittleness of such uncoated fibers. FEWS experiments were implemented using alcoholic solutions as target samples showing that the sensitivity is higher than with the routinely used classical fiber. It is also shown that the best compromise in term of sensitivity is to fabricate a sensing head including two full loops. From a mechanical point of view, the breaking loads of the loop shaped head are also much higher than with classical fiber. Finally, this achievement paves the way for the use of mid-infrared technology during in situ and even in vivo medical operations. Indeed, is is now possible to slide a chalcogenide glass fiber in the operating channel of a standard 2.8 mm diameter catheter.
Mobile Healthcare for Automatic Driving Sleep-Onset Detection Using Wavelet-Based EEG and Respiration Signals
Authors: Lee Boon-Giin , Lee Boon-Leng , Chung Wan-Young
Published: September 2014

Driving drowsiness is a major cause of traffic accidents worldwide and has drawn the attention of researchers in recent decades. This paper presents an application for in-vehicle non-intrusive mobile-device-based automatic detection of driver sleep-onset in real time. The proposed application classifies the driving mental fatigue condition by analyzing the electroencephalogram (EEG) and respiration signals of a driver in the time and frequency domains. Our concept is heavily reliant on mobile technology, particularly remote physiological monitoring using Bluetooth. Respiratory events are gathered, and eight-channel EEG readings are captured from the frontal, central, and parietal (Fpz-Cz, Pz-Oz) regions. EEGs are preprocessed with a Butterworth bandpass filter, and features are subsequently extracted from the filtered EEG signals by employing the wavelet-packet-transform (WPT) method to categorize the signals into four frequency bands: α, β, θ, and δ. A mutual information (MI) technique selects the most descriptive features for further classification. The reduction in the number of prominent features improves the sleep-onset classification speed in the support vector machine (SVM) and results in a high sleep-onset recognition rate. Test results reveal that the combined use of the EEG and respiration signals results in 98.6% recognition accuracy. Our proposed application explores the possibility of processing long-term multi-channel signals.
Microelectronics-Based Biosensors Dedicated to the Detection of Neurotransmitters: A Review
Authors: Mirzaei Maryam , Sawan Mohamad
Published: September 2014

Dysregulation of neurotransmitters (NTs) in the human body are related to diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. The mechanisms of several neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, have been linked to NTs. Because the number of diagnosed cases is increasing, the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases are important. To detect biomolecules including NTs, microtechnology, micro and nanoelectronics have become popular in the form of the miniaturization of medical and clinical devices. They offer high-performance features in terms of sensitivity, as well as low-background noise. In this paper, we review various devices and circuit techniques used for monitoring NTs in vitro and in vivo and compare various methods described in recent publications.
“I Know People Think I’m a Complete Pain in the Neck”: An Examination of the Introduction of Child Protection and “Safeguarding” in English Sport from the Perspective of National Governing Body Safeguarding Lead Officers
Authors: Hartill Mike , Lang Melanie
Published: September 2014

Child protection in sport emerged at the start of the 21st century amidst headlines about coaches raping, sexually assaulting and abusing children. Against this backdrop, in 2001 the UK government established an independent agency, the English Child Protection in Sport Unit (CPSU), which introduced national child protection standards for sports organizations. This included the requirement to appoint national “safeguarding lead officers”. Utilizing the theoretical framework of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, this paper considers the impact of “safeguarding and child protection” (SCP) within the English sports community through the experiences of those who have been at the vanguard of its implementation in the early years of its establishment within sport. Utilizing data from qualitative interviews with nine national safeguarding lead officers (SLOs), the paper discusses the challenges experienced by SLOs and critically appraises the relation between them (their habitus) and the prevailing logic (capital) within their sporting fields. We discuss the extent to which SLOs have been supported by their organizations and conclude with a consideration of the degree to which national governing bodies of sport (NGBs) have been invested in SCP.
Urban Land Pattern Impacts on Floods in a New District of China
Authors: Su Weizhong , Ye Gaobin , Yao Shimou , Yang Guishan
Published: September 2014

Urban floods are linked to patterns of land use, specifically urban sprawl. Since the 1980s, government-led new districts are sweeping across China, which account for many of the floods events. Focuses of urbanization impact on floods are extending gradually from hydraulic channels, to imperviousness ratio, to imperviousness pattern in urban areas or urbanized basins. Thus, the paper aims to explore how urban land pattern can affect floods in urban areas to provide decision makers with guidance on land use and stormwater management. Imperviousness was generally correlated with spatial variations in land use, with lower imperviousness in less dense, new districts, and higher imperviousness in more dense, uniform/clustered development in local areas adjacent to hot nodes. The way imperviousness and channel are organized, and the location of imperviousness within a catchment, can influence floods. Local government’s approach to new district planning, in terms of zoning provisions, has only considered some development aspects and has not adequately integrated flood management. A key issue for the planning should been done to adequately cater for flooding, particularly considering the benefits of keeping natural conveyance systems (rivers) and their floodplains to manage flood waters.
Identifying Seasonal Groundwater Recharge Using Environmental Stable Isotopes
Authors: Yeh Hsin-Fu , Lin Hung-I , Lee Cheng-Haw , Hsu Kuo-Chin , Wu Chi-Shin
Published: September 2014

In this study, the stable isotope values of oxygen and hydrogen were used to identify the seasonal contribution ratios of precipitation to groundwater recharge in the Hualien River basin of eastern Taiwan. The differences and correlations of isotopes in various water bodies were examined to evaluate the groundwater recharge sources for the Hualian River basin and the interrelations between groundwater and surface water. Proportions of recharge sources were calculated based on the results of the mass balance analysis of the isotope composition of hydrogen and oxygen in the basin. Mountain river water accounted for 83% and plain rainfall accounted for 17% of the groundwater recharge in the Huanlian River basin. Using the mean d-values, a comparison of d-values of precipitation and groundwater indicates the groundwater consists of 75.5% wet seasonal sources and 24.5% dry seasonal sources, representing a distinct seasonal variation of groundwater recharge in the study area. Comparisons between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in rainwater showed that differences in the amount of rainfall resulted in depleted oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for precipitation in wet seasons as compared to dry seasons. The river water contained more depleted hydrogen and oxygen isotopes than was the case for precipitation, implying that the river water mainly came from the upstream catchment. In addition, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the groundwater slightly deviated from the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic meteoric water line in Huanlian. Therefore, the groundwater in this basin might be a mixture of river water and precipitation, resulting in the effect of the river water recharge being greater than that of rainfall infiltration.
Sur le mélange dans le Philèbe
Authors: Schuhl Pierre-Maxime
Published: September 2014

Le Philèbe pose le problème des différentes espèces de mélanges : mélanges stables et mélanges qui se corrompent, et aussi mélanges féconds et moteurs, ce qui conduit au problème de l'âme et relie le Philèbe au Timée.
La tradition patristique de Platon (spécialement d'après les citations des Lois et de l'Epinomis dans la Préparation évangélique d'Eusèbe de Césarée)
Authors: Des Places Édouard
Published: September 2014

En conclusion d'une série d'articles qui s'échelonnent de 1937 à 1966, l'auteur résume ici les résultats de son enquête. Un relevé des citations de Platon chez les Pères présente un intérêt double : les citations littérales aident à fixer le texte original ; l'ensemble des citations, y compris les simples allusions ou imitations, permet de reconstituer le fonds commun où puisent les Pères et de préciser le niveau de leur culture. De là deux parties : intérêt des variantes pour l'établissement du texte ; choix des citations.
(CF3CO)2O/CF3SO3H-mediated synthesis of 1,3-diketones from carboxylic acids and aromatic ketones
Authors: Kim JungKeun , Shokova Elvira , Tafeenko Victor , Kovalev Vladimir
Published: September 2014

A very simple and convenient reaction for 1,3-diketone preparation from carboxylic acids and aromatic ketones in TFAA/TfOH system is described. When the β-phenylpropionic acids were used as starting materials, they initially gave 1-indanones and then underwent further acylation with the formation of 2-(β-phenylpropionyl)-1-indanones as the main reaction products. In addition, the application of the proposed protocol allowed for the synthesis of selected polysubstituted pyrazoles in a one-pot procedure directly from acids and ketones.
Connaître l' alter pour valoriser l'information et impacter le récepteur
Authors: Jauffret Marie-Nathalie
Published: September 2014

[Communication] Pour rendre plus performante l’information sur la prévention des risques, il convient d’accroître la connaissance sur le sujet récepteur. En effet, le regard individuel que porte un individu sur son environnement peut être influencé par une information parfois source de nouveaux paradigmes.
La construction d'une scène littéraire antillaise. Médiations et réappropriations
Authors: Lesne Anna
Published: September 2014

Cet article présente le contexte et les enjeux spécifiques – politiques, identitaires, mémoriels – de la médiation littéraire aux Antilles et du rôle joué dans ce domaine par les écrivains. L’appropriation des œuvres dans le cadre d’oralités lettrées a été mise en jeu dans des processus d’identification collective et dans la formation de communautés de lecteurs. On explore ici divers lieux et diverses formes de sociabilité littéraire à travers le temps, de la bibliothèque au « pitt a pawol », de la « veillée » au « pique-nique littéraire ».
Koltès ou le théâtre de la virginité perdue
Authors: Scarpa Marie
Published: September 2014

Le théâtre de Bernard-Marie Koltès met en scène un monde contemporain déstructuré, désenchanté, implacable. Un « motif » peut alors surprendre par sa dimension plutôt traditionnelle : celui de l’« honneur » des jeunes filles explicitement traduit en termes de virginité pour elles, en termes de réputation à sauvegarder pour leurs grands frères. Un « honneur » qui n’a qu’un temps : les sœurs seront déflorées. Notre contribution se propose d’étudier d’un point de vue ethnocritique la présence de cette thématique, Koltès accordant une attention manifeste à la question des « premières fois » racontées comme des « passages ». Mais ces passages toujours violents, transgressifs, inachevés, ne disent-ils pas au fond l’impossibilité de toute alliance ?
À propos d' Osnabrück d'Hélène Cixous. Propositions ethnocritiques
Authors: Delmotte-Halter Alice
Published: September 2014

L’auteure s’interroge sur la nature du paradigme ethnocritique et sur la filiation de ce nouveau type de lecture avec les études littéraires et l’ethnologie. L’article propose d’abord une esquisse d’épistémologie de l’ethnocritique dans son actualité la plus récente, précisant les rapports que cette approche interdisciplinaire entretient avec l’ethnographie et l’anthropologie culturelle. L’article prend ensuite pour point d’appui l’incipit du récit Osnabrück d’Hélène Cixous : il propose une réflexion sur les manières dont l’écrivaine se met en scène et sur les différences entre œuvres académiques et fictions littéraires, comme entre l’écriture et la vie.
Blurring the Boundaries between Literature and Anthropology. A British Perspective
Authors: Craith Máiréad Nic , Kockel Ullrich
Published: September 2014

Effacer les limites entre la littérature et l’anthropologie. Une perspective britannique En tant que discipline, l’anthropologie tend à être associée avec les sciences sociales plutôt que les lettres et l’on souligne rarement l’interaction entre l’anthropologie et la littérature. Cependant de nombreux anthropologues ont dialogué de façon fructueuse avec des auteurs tels que Jane Austen et E.M. Foster, et de leur côté Robert Louis Stevenson, Thomas Hardy et George Eliot se font anthropologues dans leurs écrits. Puisque écrivains et anthropologues cherchent à peindre des portraits réalistes d’expériences sociales, cet essai suggère, à partir du cas britannique, qu’il y a beaucoup à gagner à réexaminer et réduire la distance entre anthropologie et littérature.
Aux origines du narcissisme : le corps et l'autre. Nature des expériences relationnelles et corporelles précoces. Le rythme et le territoire
Authors: Prat Régine
Published: September 2014

Depuis la description princeps d’Esther Bick de « L’expérience de la peau dans les relations d’objet précoces », la peau en tant qu’organe sensoriel de proximité a un rôle important dans la théorie psychanalytique du développement psychique. La sensibilité cutanéo-muqueuse est la première à apparaître chez le fœtus et détermine un modèle de base, une forme primitive, sur laquelle s’étaye tout le développement ultérieur. Les observations échographiques montrent que, très tôt, le fœtus se saisit du cordon ombilical, puis le relâche L’auteur fait l’hypothèse que l’activité de toucher et de lâcher, serait pour le fœtus la première forme d’expérience de la présence ou de l’absence de l’objet. Peu à peu, après la naissance, les rythmes des soins, de la présence et de l’absence du partenaire adulte, de l’accordage au sein de la dyade prendraient le relais de la pure sensation et conduiraient à la symbolisation. Ainsi se constituerait peu à peu l’enveloppe narcissique du self à partir des expériences sensorielles, enveloppe délimitant un territoire interne propre à l’enfant, son territoire, et un e espace extérieur.
Œdipe précoce, triangulations partielles et objets narcissiques
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: September 2014

Très tôt, probablement dès le début de la vie extra-utérine, le bébé rencontre et investit des objets extérieurs à lui. Cette extériorité de l’objet suppose une fonction de tiers pour délimiter le monde intrapsychique de l’enfant du monde extérieur. Peut-on, doit-on alors parler d’œdipe précoce, même s’il s’agit d’objets partiels plus identifiés à une fonction qu’à une personne. Pour l’auteur les premiers objets investis par l’enfant sont des objets narcissiques bien différents des objets œdipiens, chargés d’histoire, de la période œdipienne proprement dite. Les premiers sont investis sur un mode narcissique, les seconds sur un mode libidinal. Cette distinction jette un doute sur l’expression d’« œdipe précoce » des toutes premières formes de triangulation. En revanche, on peut considérer ces formes préœdipiennes de triangulation comme des précurseurs de l’œdipe proprement dit, ce qui légitime la psychanalyse de l’enfant comme une authentique psychanalyse.
Miroirs du narcissisme : cliniques de la psychose
Authors: Brun Anne
Published: September 2014

L’intérêt croissant de Freud pour le traitement des psychoses a motivé pour une part l’introduction en 1914 du concept de narcissisme. Cet article propose de dégager les enjeux de cette question du narcissisme dans les cliniques des psychoses, selon une double perspective, métapsychologique et thérapeutique. L’évolution dans l’histoire de la psychanalyse du concept de narcissisme primaire sera envisagée, à la lumière de Winnicott et des apports des psychanalystes contemporains sur les formes primaires de symbolisation. Freud a souligné que l’ampleur du narcissisme constituait un obstacle à la dimension thérapeutique de la psychanalyse et annoncé une modification des méthodes habituelles de traitement pour traiter ces pathologies du narcissisme, et notamment la psychose. Dans cette perspective, le fil rouge de l’exploration clinique sera le rôle joué par l’appel à la sensori-motricité et au registre corporel dans la psychothérapie psychanalytique des psychoses, fondée sur des médiations thérapeutiques.
Devenir père jusqu'à la mort. Un processus narcissique infini de création
Authors: Aubert-Godard Anne
Published: September 2014

Ce texte rapporte la transformation, dans le cadre d’une psychothérapie conjugale, du désir d’enfant d’un homme qui vient d’apprendre qu’il est atteint d’une maladie neurologique d’origine génétique, maladie transmissible à 50 %. Il adhère au souhait de sa femme d’avoir un garçon pour remplacer le mort qu’il sera, sur le mode primaire, se laissant fondre en elle. À la faveur de l’attention interprétante dont ils bénéficient, il peut élaborer la relation défaillante à son propre père – malade –, ainsi que son projet d’enfant – sans maladie –, lui permettant la restauration de son narcissisme nécessaire à l’accès à une paternité objectale : une fille les fera père et mère.
Les chaînes de référence dans un corpus de textes narratifs médiévaux : traits généraux et facteurs de variation
Authors: Glikman Julie , Guillot-Barbance Céline , Obry Vanessa
Published: September 2014

Le fonctionnement des chaînes de référence en français médiéval est encore peu connu. Cet article vise à une meilleure compréhension de leurs caractéristiques et spécificités à travers l’étude de chaînes de référence d’animés humains dans des textes narratifs en vers et en prose relevant du domaine religieux pour la période du 12 e au début du 13 e siècle. L’analyse d’extraits annotés de quatre œuvres différentes permet de montrer les limites des théories de la saillance ou de l’accessibilité référentielle pour expliquer le fonctionnement des chaînes du corpus et l’importance de la prise en compte du genre textuel, de la structure discursive, ainsi que celle d’une distinction entre une saillance locale, liée au contexte, et une saillance globale, liée au texte, dans l’analyse de la structuration des chaînes.
Quelques problèmes liés à l'expansion actuelle de l'économie chinoise
Authors: Herrera Rémy
Published: September 2014

Cet article tente d’éclairer quelques problèmes qui accompagnent l’expansion de l’économie chinoise depuis son ouverture. Cette expansion est articulée sur une stratégie de développement cohérente qui : 1) n’a pas été appliquée sans difficultés, ni crises (première partie) ; 2) reste prioritairement tournée vers l’intérieur, plutôt que vers l’extérieur (deuxième partie) ; 3) produit, notamment à travers les exportations de marchandises et de capitaux, des effets contradictoires, tant sur les pays du Nord que sur ceux du Sud (troisième partie) ; 4) implique d’importantes réformes financières (quatrième partie) ; et 5) concerne également la monnaie nationale, dont l’internationalisation requiert des conditions qui, si elles se trouvent réunies, pourraient engendrer des implications majeures à la fois pour l’avenir du système économique chinois et pour l’ordre monétaire et financier international en cours de réforme (cinquième partie). Classification JEL  : L51, N15, O11, P33, P34.
Performances et limites de la politique industrielle et de l'innovation chinoises dans le secteur energetique : le cas des industries photovoltaïque et eolienne
Authors: Liu Zeting
Published: September 2014

Par l’analyse de la trajectoire du développement des industries photovoltaïque et éolienne chinoises, cette étude montre que 1) la politique industrielle interventionniste chinoise crée des conditions favorables facilitant l’émergence des nouvelles industries dans le secteur énergétique et, par son pragmatisme, sait s’adapter aux changements structurels du marché pour soutenir la transformation industrielle. 2) La performance de la politique publique chinoise se heurte aux problèmes de coordination de son système politique dual et à la défaillance de son système d’innovation. 3) La nouvelle orientation politique mise en place depuis le XIIe Plan affiche une tendance au rapprochement des politiques énergétique, industrielle et de l’innovation qui permettra une meilleure coordination dans la promotion de la transition énergétique en Chine. Classification JEL  : O38, O13, O33, N75.
Study on the innovation model of governmental finance for technology-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Wang Yimiao , You Jianxin , Shao Luning
Published: September 2014

Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) de technologie, étant une force importante à promouvoir le développement de l’innovation technologique et de la société, leur principale contrainte est le problème du financement. Bien que le gouvernement chinois alloue des fonds considérables pour les soutenir, le problème de leur financement demeure. Dans le présent texte, notre objectif est de présenter les innovations financières du gouvernement chinois, sa coopération avec diverses institutions financières, et de montrer comment il fournit des services financiers aux PME. A partir d’exemples concrets, nous démontrons les avantages de ce modèle et proposons que ce modèle soit développé sous forme de plateforme électronique.
Bouvines, un tournant européen (1214-1314)
Authors: Baldwin John , Simons Walter , Delmas Sophie
Published: September 2014

Le 800 e anniversaire de la bataille de Bouvines (27 juillet 1214) offre l’occasion de réévaluer ses effets pour la monarchie capétienne, le royaume de France et l’Europe. Cet essai soutient que la victoire du roi Philippe Auguste consolida les réformes administratives initiées depuis 1190, renforça l’idéologie royale, imposa l’autorité royale dans les territoires angevins du nord-ouest et du centre de la France, ouvrit la voie à la croisade albigeoise dans le Midi, et élimina les menaces flamandes et germaniques au Nord et à l’Est. La bataille eut donc d’importantes conséquences pour les affaires intérieures de l’Angleterre, de la Flandre et de l’Empire. En somme, Bouvines assura la suprématie des Capétiens tout au long du xiii e  siècle, mais au début du xiv e  siècle, les problèmes épineux que soulevaient la Flandre et la Guyenne s’imposèrent de nouveau.
Johann Baptist Keune (1858-1937) entre France et Allemagne. Un archéologue mosellan victime de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Trapp Julien , Merten Jürgen
Published: September 2014

Le conflit franco-prussien de 1870 entraîne l’annexion de fait de l’Alsace et de la Moselle à l’Empire allemand. Cette nouvelle terre d’empire voit l’arrivée de nombreux immigrés allemands, dont fait partie Johann Baptist Keune, le premier directeur des Musées de Metz. En compagnie d’autres savants allemands, réunis au sein de la Gesellschaft für lothringische Geschichte und Altertumskunde (Société d’Histoire et d’Archéologie de la Lorraine), il fait bénéficier l’archéologie mosellane de l’avance scientifique que possède l’Allemagne à la fin du xix e  siècle. Pendant près de vingt-cinq ans, l’histoire régionale est considérablement enrichie, non sans être teintée d’instrumentalisation politique de la part du pouvoir impérial dans le but de légitimer le rattachement de la Moselle au Reich . Toutefois, la Première Guerre mondiale va considérablement changer la carrière et le destin de ces chercheurs, forcés de quitter leur terre d’adoption en 1918-1919. Johann Baptist Keune, injustement accusé d’avoir voulu dérober les œuvres artistiques sauvegardées des combats entre 1915 et 1917, s’en retourne dans sa ville natale, Trèves. Alors qu’il a contribué au rayonnement des Musées de Metz entre 1896 et 1918, il n’obtient qu’une reconnaissance locale, en tant que chercheur indépendant. Cependant, depuis une quarantaine d’années, la recherche scientifique tend à se préoccuper de cette période dans le but de réhabiliter la mémoire et les travaux de ces chercheurs ayant contribué à l’essor de l’histoire régionale au cours de la première annexion allemande (1870-1918).
« À armes notables et invasibles. » Qu'est-ce qu'être armé dans le royaume de France à la fin du Moyen Âge ?
Authors: Wenz Romain
Published: September 2014

Qu’est-ce qu’être armé dans le royaume de France à la fin du Moyen Âge ? L’interdiction faite par le roi de « porter les armes » à partir du milieu du XIII e siècle dans le contexte de l’encadrement des guerres seigneuriales permet d’observer avec précision ce que l’on considère comme « être armé ». À partir d’une interdiction générale et absolue reposant en pratique sur le discernement des gens du roi vers 1265, le Parlement établit, à partir de 1311, la catégorie précise des « armes notables et invasibles » qui sont inhabituelles et servent à attaquer. L’arme portée à la ceinture par habitude, comme le couteau et l’épée, sans préméditation de combat, ne fait pas l’objet d’incriminations et est plutôt un atout pour demander une rémission. Toutes les autres armes font l’objet de permis nominatifs attestés dès 1265, qui sont accordés tant à des nobles menacés qu’à des marchands en voyage, et dont la diffusion participe à la connaissance de l’interdiction. La législation royale doit concilier deux tendances contradictoires : d’une part, le besoin d’encourager la population à détenir des armes pour défendre le royaume et, d’autre part, la volonté d’assurer la pacification des chemins royaux. Les ordres donnés aux baillis de péages permettent de connaître avec précision la portée de l’interdiction : au tournant des xiv e - xv e  siècles, l’habitude prise par les gens du roi de prendre en compte le « groupe armé » pour définir l’incrimination de « port d’armes » cède la place à une définition jurisprudentielle d’un type d’« armes prohibées » : un ensemble précis d’armes utilisées à la guerre, incluant les pièces d’armure et éléments de protection, les armes d’hast et de trait. Le port en est alors réservé aux gens du roi, chargés d’un monopole des matériels de guerre, qui est explicitement formulé en 1487. Les « armes notables et invasibles » du xiv e  siècle deviennent des « armes prohibées », qui sont la qualification juridique d’une rupture des pratiques sociales. Ce nouvel objet juridique de l’« arme prohibée » est le chaînon manquant entre la condamnation des faits après coup par les ordonnances sur les guerres seigneuriales, et la vision moderne d’une société désarmée, laissant au pouvoir central le monopole des armes de guerre.