bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF A β‐ARSATRIMETHINECYANINE DYE
Authors: GAMON N. , REICHARDT C.
Published: April 2016

Das Enamin (I) reagiert mit Arsentribromid (II) zu dem disubstituierten Arsenbromid (III), das mit Triethylamin in das β‐Arsa‐bis‐indolinyl‐trimethyinium‐tetrafluoroborat (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL ENTRY TO THE EREMOPHILANE AND VALENCANE SESQUITERPENES VIA A STEREOSELECTIVE INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER REACTION
Authors: NAEF F. , DECORZANT R. , THOMMEN W.
Published: April 2016

Aldol‐Kondensation der Ketone (I) mit dem Aldehyd (II) und decarboxylative Dehydratisierung der gebildeten (nichtisolierten) Hydroxysäure liefern den Trien‐Ketoester (III), aus dem durch intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion ein Gemisch der Octalone (IVa)+(IVb) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED DEGRADATION OF N‐NITROSOSOLASODINE TO PREGNANE DERIVATIVES
Authors: BAKKER C. G. , VRIJHOF P.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von Solasodin (I) (R1 = R2 = H) und seinen Derivaten in Pregnadien‐Derivaten wie (II) wird ausführlich untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF L‐OLIVOMYCAL AND L‐MYCARAL
Authors: THIEM J. , ELVERS J.
Published: April 2016

L‐Olivomycal (IVa) wird aus L‐Rhamnal (II), das im Eintopfverfahren aus (I) erhalten wird, synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF 7‐METHOXYCODEINE
Authors: IIJIMA I. , MINAMIKAWA J. , RICE K. C. , JACOBSON A. E.
Published: April 2016

Durch Methylierung von (‐)‐1‐Brom‐sinomeninon (I) erhält man die Enolether (II) und (III), von denen (II) zur Verbindung (IV) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF QUINONE PYRANO‐Γ‐LACTONE ANTIBIOTICS. 1. SYNTHESIS OF 9‐DEOXYKALAFUNGIN
Authors: KRAUS G. A. , ROTH B.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Acetylnaphthochinon (I) und dem Alkoxyfuran (II) bildet sich das Michael‐Addukt (III), das zu (IV) methyliert wird.
A Critical Summary of Spectroscopic Techniques and their Robustness in Industrial PAT Applications
Authors: Kessler Rudolf W. , Kessler Waltraud , Zikulnig‐Rusch Edith
Published: April 2016

Intelligent manufacturing has attracted enormous interest in recent years. Since optical spectroscopy provides information on a molecular basis, it will play a major role in the future for the sensor technology. The paper demonstrates that the sensitivity and selectivity of different spectroscopic technologies has fundamental limitations due to the quantum mechanical absorption and scatter cross sections of the individual molecules. Selectivity also plays an important role as it significantly contributes to exploit the fundamental level of detection in multicomponent systems. Furthermore, the applicability and robustness of each technology is dominated by the selection of appropriate light illumination sources and detectors with a good signal to noise ratio.
Comparative investigation of the static and dynamic properties of CO2 foam and N2 foam
Authors: Lv Mingming , Wang Shuzhong , Zhai Zhende , Luo Xiangrong , Jing Zefeng
Published: April 2016

Foam flood using CO2 can both enhance oil recovery and achieve geological storage of CO2, which has attracted increasing attention in the last two decades. This work systematically investigates the behaviours of CO2 and N2 foams both in bulk and porous media by static foam tests and core flood experiments. The stability and foamability of CO2 and N2 foams were compared in static foam tests. The foam texture showed that CO2 foam bubbles were relatively larger and exhibited a wider size distribution than N2 foam bubbles, which was detrimental to foam stability. Furthermore, steady‐state foam flows of CO2 and N2 foams at a fixed liquid flow rates were comparatively investigated with a foam quality range of 30–98 %. The difference between CO2 foam stability and N2 foam stability in porous media was relatively smaller, compared with the difference in bulk. Additionally, the analysis of foam rheology showed that foam exhibited different non‐Newtonian flow characteristics at different foam qualities, and the resistance to shearing of CO2 foam was lower than that of N2 foam. Finally, the results of foam flood experiments demonstrated that the oil recoveries of CO2 foam were lower than those of N2 foam with a co‐injection strategy under both subcritical and supercritical conditions. Compared with results in the atmosphere environment, the oil recovery of CO2 foam flood was higher under supercritical conditions.
A numerical strategy for finite element modeling of frictionless asymmetric vocal fold collision
Authors: Granados Alba , Misztal Marek Krzysztof , Brunskog Jonas , Visseq Vincent , Erleben Kenny
Published: April 2016

Analysis of voice pathologies may require vocal fold models that include relevant features such as vocal fold asymmetric collision. The present study numerically addresses the problem of frictionless asymmetric collision in a self‐sustained three‐dimensional continuum model of the vocal folds. Theoretical background and numerical analysis of the finite‐element position‐based contact model are presented, along with validation. A novel contact detection mechanism capable to detect collision in asymmetric oscillations is developed. The effect of inexact contact constraint enforcement on vocal fold dynamics is examined by different variational methods for inequality constrained minimization problems, namely, the Lagrange multiplier method and the penalty method. In contrast to the penalty solution, which is related to classical spring‐like contact forces, numerical examples show that the parameter‐independent Lagrange multiplier solution is more robust and accurate in the estimation of dynamical and mechanical features at vocal fold contact. Furthermore, special attention is paid to the temporal integration schemes in relation to the contact problem, the results suggesting an advantage of highly diffusive schemes. Finally, vocal fold contact enforcement is shown to affect asymmetric oscillations. The present model may be adapted to existing vocal fold models, which may contribute to a better understanding of the effect of the nonlinear contact phenomenon on phonation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collision of Almost Parallel Vortex Filaments
Authors: Banica Valeria , Faou Erwan , Miot Evelyne
Published: April 2016

We investigate the occurrence of collisions in the evolution of vortex filaments through a system introduced by Klein, Majda, and Damodaran and Zakharov . We first establish rigorously the existence of a pair of almost parallel vortex filaments, with opposite circulation, colliding at some point in finite time. The collision mechanism is based on one of the self‐similar solutions of the model, described by the authors in an earlier work. In the second part of this paper we extend this construction to the case of an arbitrary number of filaments, with polygonal symmetry, that are perturbations of a configuration of parallel vortex filaments forming a polygon, with or without its center, rotating with constant angular velocity.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solving Random Quadratic Systems of Equations Is Nearly as Easy as Solving Linear Systems
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Candès Emmanuel J.
Published: April 2016

We consider the fundamental problem of solving quadratic systems of equations in , and is unknown. We propose a novel method, which starts with an initial guess computed by means of a spectral method and proceeds by minimizing a nonconvex functional as in the Wirtinger flow approach [13]. There are several key distinguishing features, most notably a distinct objective functional and novel update rules, which operate in an adaptive fashion and drop terms bearing too much influence on the search direction. These careful selection rules provide a tighter initial guess, better descent directions, and thus enhanced practical performance. On the theoretical side, we prove that for certain unstructured models of quadratic systems, our algorithms return the correct solution in linear time, i.e., in time proportional to reading the data {ai} and {yi} as soon as the ratio m/n between the number of equations and unknowns exceeds a fixed numerical constant. We extend the theory to deal with noisy systems in which we only have and prove that our algorithms achieve a statistical accuracy, which is nearly unimprovable. We complement our theoretical study with numerical examples showing that solving random quadratic systems is both computationally and statistically not much harder than solving linear systems of the same size—hence the title of this paper. For instance, we demonstrate empirically that the computational cost of our algorithm is about four times that of solving a least squares problem of the same size. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrabright Lanthanide Nanoparticles
Authors: Goetz Joan , Nonat Aline , Diallo Abdoulaye , Sy Mohamadou , Sera Ildan , Lecointre Alexandre , Lefevre Christophe , Chan Chi Fai , Wong Ka‐Leung , Charbonnière Loïc J.
Published: April 2016

Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Loïc J. Charbonnière at CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, France and Dr. Ka‐Leung Wong at Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong. The cover picture shows terbium‐doped LaF3 nanoparticles that are surface functionalized by photon‐harvesting antenna ligands. Surface capping with antenna ligands leads to ultrabright nanoparticles, with the typical green luminescence signature of the Tb atoms and very long excited‐state lifetimes. These lanthanide dots can be incorporated into living cells at nanomolar concentrations for luminescence microscopy imaging. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600007.
synchronization of coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays
Authors: He Ping , Li Yangmin
Published: April 2016

The reaction‐diffusion neural network is often described by semilinear diffusion partial differential equation (PDE). This article focuses on the asymptotical synchronization and
synchronization for coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays (that is, discrete and infinite distributed delays) and Dirichlet boundary condition. First, using the Lyapunov–Krasoviskii functional scheme, the sufficient condition is obtained for the asymptotical synchronization of coupled semilinear diffusion PDEs with mixed time‐delays and this condition is represented by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which is easy to be solved. Then the robust
synchronization is considered in temporal‐spatial domain for the coupled semilinear diffusion PDEs with mixed delays and external disturbances. In terms of the technique of completing squares, the sufficient condition is obtained for the robust
synchronization. Finally, a numerical example of coupled semilinear diffusion PDEs with mixed time‐delays is given to illustrate the correctness of the obtained results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 42–53, 2016
Lignin‐Based Thermoplastic Materials
Authors: Wang Chao , Kelley Stephen S. , Venditti Richard A.
Published: April 2016

Lignin‐based thermoplastic materials have attracted increasing interest as sustainable, cost‐effective, and biodegradable alternatives for petroleum‐based thermoplastics. As an amorphous thermoplastic material, lignin has a relatively high glass‐transition temperature and also undergoes radical‐induced self‐condensation at high temperatures, which limits its thermal processability. Additionally, lignin‐based materials are usually brittle and exhibit poor mechanical properties. To improve the thermoplasticity and mechanical properties of technical lignin, polymers or plasticizers are usually integrated with lignin by blending or chemical modification. This Review attempts to cover the reported approaches towards the development of lignin‐based thermoplastic materials on the basis of published information. Approaches reviewed include plasticization, blending with miscible polymers, and chemical modifications by esterification, etherification, polymer grafting, and copolymerization. Those lignin‐based thermoplastic materials are expected to show applications as engineering plastics, polymeric foams, thermoplastic elastomers, and carbon‐fiber precursors.
Hierarchical Layered WS2/Graphene‐Modified CdS Nanorods for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xiang Quanjun , Cheng Feiyue , Lang Di
Published: April 2016

Graphene‐based ternary composite photocatalysts with genuine heterostructure constituents have attracted extensive attention in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Here we report a new graphene‐based ternary composite consisting of CdS nanorods grown on hierarchical layered WS2/graphene hybrid (WG) as a high‐performance photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation. The optimal content of layered WG as a co‐catalyst in the ternary CdS/WS2/graphene composites was found to be 4.2 wt %, giving a visible light photocatalytic H2‐production rate of 1842 μmol h−1 g−1 with an apparent quantum eﬃciency of 21.2 % at 420 nm. This high photocatalytic H2‐production activity is due to the deposition of CdS nanorods on layered WS2/graphene sheets, which can efficiently suppress charge recombination, improve interfacial charge transfer, and provide reduction active sites. The proposed mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CdS nanorods modified with hierarchical layered WG was further confirmed by transient photocurrent response. This work shows that a noble‐metal‐free hierarchical layered WS2/graphene nanosheets hybrid can be used as an effective co‐catalyst for photocatalytic water splitting.
Iterative nonlinear detection for SFBC SC–FDMA uplink MIMO transmission systems
Authors: Ganeshkumar P. , Selvaraj K. , Anandaraj M. , Vijayakumar K. P.
Published: April 2016

Single‐carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) systems with space frequency block coding (SFBC) transmissions achieve both spatial and frequency diversity gains in wireless communications. However, SFBC SC‐FDMA schemes using linear detectors suffer from severe performance deterioration because of noise enhancement propagation and additive noise presence in the detected output. Both issues are similar to inter‐symbol‐interference (ISI). Traditionally, SC‐FDMA system decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is often used to eliminate ISI caused by multipath propagation. This article proposes frequency domain turbo equalization based on nonlinear multiuser detection for uplink SFBC SC‐FDMA transmission systems. The presented iterative receiver performs equalization with soft decisions feedback for ISI mitigation. Its coefficients are derived using minimum mean squared error criteria. The receiver configuration study is Alamouti's SFBC with two transmit and two receive antennas. New receiver approach is compared with the recently proposed suboptimal linear detector for SFBC SC‐FDMA systems. Simulation results confirm that the performance of the proposed iterative detection outperforms conventional detection techniques. After a few iterations, bit‐error‐rate performance of the proposed receiver design is closely to the matched filter bound. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significant inverse association between serum osteocalcin and incident type 2 diabetes in a middle‐aged cohort
Authors: Shu Hua , Pei Yu , Chen Kang , Lu Juming
Published: April 2016

Background

Accumulating evidence indicates that osteocalcin links bone formation to glucose homeostasis. However, the correlation between osteocalcin and incident type 2 diabetes has been controversial based on the limited results of cohort studies. We examined the link between serum osteocalcin and glucose homeostasis including incident type 2 diabetes in a 3‐year follow‐up study.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 1870 middle‐aged subjects (1279 men, 591 women) at Chinese PLA General Hospital who were followed‐up for 3 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine whether incident type 2 diabetes was influenced by the osteocalcin concentrations measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results

At baseline, the blood glucose levels and prevalence of metabolic syndrome varied inversely with the osteocalcin quartiles. During follow‐up, type 2 diabetes developed in 80 of the 1870 subjects. The prevalence decreased with osteocalcin quartiles (P = 0.016). In models adjusted for metabolism‐related parameters, osteocalcin was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose {β = −0.017 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.034–0.00], P = 0.040}. Osteocalcin was inversely related to the risk of incident type 2 diabetes assessed using a model adjusted for glucose metabolic parameters, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01–0.96], P = 0.046). The onset risk of diabetes in the first osteocalcin quartile was higher than in the fourth quartile (HR = 1.67 [95% CI, 0.96–3.48], P = 0.035). The correlation was strongly significant after fully adjusting for glucose related parameters and bone turnover (HR = 3.02 [95% CI, 1.25–7.32], P = 0.014).

Conclusions

Low serum osteocalcin concentrations at baseline were independently related to an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pdgfrb‐Cre targets lymphatic endothelial cells of both venous and non‐venous origins
Authors: Ulvmar Maria H. , Martinez‐Corral Ines , Stanczuk Lukas , Mäkinen Taija
Published: April 2016

The Pdgfrb‐Cre line has been used as a tool to specifically target pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent studies showed additional targeting of cardiac and mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) by the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene. In the heart, this was suggested to provide evidence for a previously unknown nonvenous source of LECs originating from yolk sac (YS) hemogenic endothelium (HemEC). Here we show that Pdgfrb‐Cre does not, however, target YS HemEC or YS‐derived erythro‐myeloid progenitors (EMPs). Instead, a high proportion of ECs in embryonic blood vessels of multiple organs, as well as venous‐derived LECs were targeted. Assessment of temporal Cre activity using the R26‐mTmG double reporter suggested recent occurrence of Pdgfrb‐Cre recombination in both blood and lymphatic ECs. It thus cannot be excluded that Pdgfrb‐Cre mediated targeting of LECs is due to de novo expression of the Pdgfrb‐Cre transgene or their previously established venous endothelial origin. Importantly, Pdgfrb‐Cre targeting of LECs does not provide evidence for YS HemEC origin of the lymphatic vasculature. Our results highlight the need for careful interpretation of lineage tracing using constitutive Cre lines that cannot discriminate active from historical expression. The early vascular targeting by the Pdgfrb‐Cre also warrants consideration for its use in studies of mural cells. genesis 54:350–358, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐term effects of media exposure to the thin ideal in female inpatients with an eating disorder compared to female inpatients with a mood or anxiety disorder or women with no psychiatric disorder
Authors: Loeber Sabine , Burgmer Ramona , Wyssen Andrea , Leins Judith , Rustemeier Martina , Munsch Simone , Herpertz Stephan
Published: April 2016

Objective

Previous research demonstrated that the exposure to media portrayals of the thin body ideal negatively affects body satisfaction and mood of healthy women and thus represents a sociocultural risk factor for the development of eating disorders. However, at present, it is not known whether negative effects of the thin ideal are pronounced in eating‐disordered patients.

Method

Female inpatients with a current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (N = 36), bulimia nervosa (N = 32), or mood or anxiety disorder (N = 31), and women with no current psychiatric diagnosis were randomly assigned to exposure to magazine pictures depicting the thin female body ideal or landscape scenes in two experimental phases (leafing through a magazine followed by instructed imagination of a picture from the magazine). The groups were compared on measures of body satisfaction and mood that were collected before and after the two phases.

Results

Leafing through a fashion magazine was not associated with negative effects on body satisfaction or mood in all groups. Imagining the thin ideal resulted in a decrease in body satisfaction and a decrease in positive mood. We found no diagnosis‐specific effects indicating no stronger negative impact of the thin ideal on eating‐disorder patients.

Discussion

Given the lacking differences between eating‐disordered patients and controls, these findings underline the importance of future research to enhance our understanding of what happens when patients are exposed to external or internal stimuli of media images of the thin ideal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:708–715)
Adcyap1 polymorphism covaries with breeding latitude in a Nearctic migratory songbird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla)
Authors: Bazzi Gaia , Galimberti Andrea , Hays Quentin R. , Bruni Ilaria , Cecere Jacopo G. , Gianfranceschi Luca , Hobson Keith A. , Morbey Yolanda E. , Saino Nicola , Guglielmo Christopher G. , Rubolini Diego
Published: April 2016

Understanding the genetic background of complex behavioral traits, showing multigenic control and extensive environmental effects, is a challenging task. Among such traits, migration is known to show a large additive genetic component. Yet, the identification of specific genes or gene regions explaining phenotypic variance in migratory behavior has received less attention. Migration ultimately depends on seasonal cycles, and polymorphism at phenological candidate genes may underlie variation in timing of migration or other aspects of migratory behavior. In this study of a Nearctic–Neotropical migratory songbird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla), we investigated the association between polymorphism at two phenological candidate genes, Clock and Adcyap1, and two aspects of the migratory phenotype, timing of spring migration through a stopover site and inferred latitude of the breeding destination. The breeding destination of migrating individuals was identified using feather deuterium ratio (δ2H), which reliably reflects breeding latitude throughout the species' western breeding range. Ninety‐eight percent of the individuals were homozygous at Clock, and the rare heterozygotes did not deviate from homozygous migration phenology. Adcyap1 was highly polymorphic, and allele size was not significantly associated with migration date. However, Adcyap1 allele size significantly positively predicted the inferred breeding latitude of males but not of females. Moreover, we found a strong positive association between inferred breeding latitude and Adcyap1 allele size in long‐distance migrating birds from the northern sector of the breeding range (western Canada), while this was not the case in short‐distance migrating birds from the southern sector of the breeding range (coastal California). Our findings support previous evidence for a role of Adcyap1 in shaping the avian migratory phenotype, while highlighting that patterns of phenological candidate gene–phenotype associations may be complex, significantly varying between geographically distinct populations and even between the sexes.
Genomic signatures of the plateless phenotype in the threespine stickleback
Authors: Mazzarella Anna B. , Boessenkool Sanne , Østbye Kjartan , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn , Trucchi Emiliano
Published: April 2016

Understanding the genetic basis of traits involved in adaptive divergence and speciation is one of the most fundamental objectives in evolutionary biology. Toward that end, we look for signatures of extreme plate loss in the genome of freshwater threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Plateless stickleback have been found in only a few lakes and streams across the world; they represent the far extreme of a phenotypic continuum (plate number) that has been studied for years, although plateless individuals have not yet been the subject of much investigation. We use a dense single nucleotide polymorphism dataset made usingRADseq to study fish from three freshwater populations containing plateless and low plated individuals, as well as fish from full plated marine populations. Analyses were performed usingFastStructure, sliding windowsFST,Bayescan and latent factor mixed models to search for genomic differences between the low plated and plateless phenotypes both within and among the three lakes. At least 18 genomic regions which may contribute to within‐morph plate number variation were detected in our low plated stickleback populations. We see no evidence of a selective sweep between low and plateless fish; rather reduction of plate number within the low plated morph seems to be polygenic.
Aversion and attraction to harmful plant secondary compounds jointly shape the foraging ecology of a specialist herbivore
Authors: Humphrey Parris T. , Gloss Andrew D. , Alexandre Nicolas M. , Villalobos Martha M. , Fremgen Marcella R. , Groen Simon C. , Meihls Lisa N. , Jander Georg , Whiteman Noah K.
Published: April 2016

Most herbivorous insect species are restricted to a narrow taxonomic range of host plant species. Herbivore species that feed on mustard plants and their relatives in the Brassicales have evolved highly efficient detoxification mechanisms that actually prevent toxic mustard oils from forming in the bodies of the animals. However, these mechanisms likely were not present during the initial stages of specialization on mustard plants ~100 million years ago. The herbivorous fly Scaptomyza nigrita (Drosophilidae) is a specialist on a single mustard species, bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia; Brassicaceae) and is in a fly lineage that evolved to feed on mustards only in the past 10–20 million years. In contrast to many mustard specialists, S. nigrita does not prevent formation of toxic breakdown products (mustard oils) arising from glucosinolates (GLS), the primary defensive compounds in mustard plants. Therefore, it is an appealing model for dissecting the early stages of host specialization. Because mustard oils actually form in the bodies of S. nigrita, we hypothesized that in lieu of a specialized detoxification mechanism, S. nigrita may mitigate exposure to high GLS levels within plant tissues using behavioral avoidance. Here, we report that jasmonic acid (JA) treatment increased GLS biosynthesis in bittercress, repelled adult female flies, and reduced larval growth. S. nigrita larval damage also induced foliar GLS, especially in apical leaves, which correspondingly displayed the least S. nigrita damage in controlled feeding trials and field surveys. Paradoxically, flies preferred to feed and oviposit on GLS‐producing Arabidopsis thaliana despite larvae performing worse in these plants versus non‐GLS‐producing mutants. GLS may be feeding cues for S. nigrita despite their deterrent and defensive properties, which underscores the diverse relationship a mustard specialist has with its host when lacking a specialized means of mustard oil detoxification.
Consequences of mating with siblings and nonsiblings on the reproductive success in a leaf beetle
Authors: Müller Thorben , Müller Caroline
Published: April 2016

Choosing a suitable mating partner is crucial for the fitness of an individual, whereby mating with siblings often results in inbreeding depression. We studied consequences of mating with siblings versus nonsiblings in the mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on lifetime reproductive traits. Furthermore, we analyzed whether cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles are family specific and could potentially influence the mating behavior of young adults. We hypothesized a reduced reproductive success of females mated with siblings and a more rapid mating of males with nonsiblings. The hatching rate from eggs of sibling pairs was lower compared to that of nonsibling pairs, pointing to inbreeding depression. Furthermore, the number of eggs laid by females decreased over time in both sibling and nonsibling pairs. Interestingly, the CHC profiles and the body mass differed between families. However, the beetles did not avoid siblings and accepted them as readily as nonsiblings for mating in no‐choice tests. In summary, although it had negative consequences to mate a sibling and although siblings could potentially be recognized by their CHC profiles, the beetles did not show a delayed mating with siblings. Our results indicate that P. cochleariae beetles have not developed a precopulatory mechanism to avoid inbreeding, at least under the test conditions applied here. We predict that instead a polyandrous mating system and/or postcopulatory mechanisms might have evolved in this species by which inbreeding costs can be reduced.
T cells are necessary for ILC2 activation in house dust mite‐induced allergic airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Li Bobby W. S. , de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , Tindemans Irma , Lukkes Melanie , KleinJan Alex , Hoogsteden Henk C. , Hendriks Rudi W.
Published: April 2016

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways mediated by an adaptive type 2 immune response. Upon allergen exposure, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) can be rapidly activated and represent an early innate source of IL‐5 and IL‐13. Here, we used a house dust mite (HDM)‐driven asthma mouse model to study the induction of ILC2s in allergic airway inflammation. In BALF, lungs, and lymph nodes, ILC2 activation is critically dependent on prior sensitization with HDM. Importantly, T cells are required for ILC2 induction, whereby T‐cell activation precedes ILC2 induction. During HDM‐driven allergic airway inflammation the accumulation of ILC2s in BALF is IL‐33 independent, although infiltrating ILC2s produce less cytokines in Il33−/− mice. Transfer of in vitro polarized OVA‐specific OT‐II Th2 cells alone or in combination with Th17 cells followed by OVA and HDM challenge is not sufficient to induce ILC2, despite significant eosinophilic inflammation and T‐cell activation. In this asthma model, ILC2s are therefore not an early source of Th2 cytokines, but rather contribute to type 2 inflammation in which Th2 cells play a key role. Taken together, ILC2 induction in HDM‐mediated allergic airway inflammation in mice critically depends on activation of T cells.
Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adducts Catalyzed by Chiral Bifunctional Ferrocenylphosphines
Authors: Zhu Linglong , Hu Haiwen , Qi Liang , Zheng Yi , Zhong Weihui
Published: April 2016

A series of air‐stable chiral ferrocenylphosphines (LB1–LB4) were prepared and used in the asymmetric allylic substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) adducts with phthalimide under mild reaction conditions; the (R,SFc)‐ferrocenylphosphine LB4 afforded the desired amination products 3 in moderate yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The absolute configuration of 3o was confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
Cascade C–C and C–N Bond Formation: A Straightforward Synthesis of Phenanthridines and Fused Quinol­ines
Authors: Borah Ashwini , Gogoi Pranjal
Published: April 2016

A Pd‐catalyzed cascade process has been developed for the synthesis of quinoline and phenanthridine derivatives from various β‐chloro α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and 2‐chloroaryl aldehydes, respectively, in good to high yields. The reaction proceeds through Pd‐catalyzed cascade carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bond formation in a single reaction vessel. The requisite β‐chloro α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes were efficiently synthesized from their corresponding carbonyl compounds. The use of the ligand Sphos with Pd(OAc)2 is crucial for the successful implementation of the present cascade process. This synthetic protocol is also applied for the gram‐scale synthesis of a trispheridine alkaloid.
meso‐to‐meso Sulfide‐ and Disulf­ide‐Bridged Subporphyrin Dimers
Authors: Copley Graeme , Shimizu Daiki , Oh Juwon , Sung Jooyoung , Furukawa Ko , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: April 2016

Treatment of meso‐chlorosubporphyrin with controlled equivalents of Na2S·9H2O in DMF led to the formation of either meso‐to‐meso sulfide (S)‐bridged dimer 4 or disulfide (SS)‐bridged subporphyrin dimer 6. S‐bridged dimer 4 displayed a split Soret‐like band and a large Stokes shift and became a fully delocalized one‐quantum system in the S1 state, as indicated by femtosecond transient absorption anisotropy measurements and theoretical calculations. Contrastingly, SS‐bridged dimer 6 showed a broad but nonsplit Soret‐like band, no fluorescence, and very fast S1 decay with a lifetime of 4 ps, which indicated the presence of a rapid decay channel.
Direct conversion from tramadol to tapentadol prolonged release for moderate to severe, chronic malignant tumour‐related pain
Authors: Kress H.G. , Koch E.D. , Kosturski H. , Steup A. , Karcher K. , Dogan C. , Etropolski M. , Eerdekens M.
Published: April 2016

Background

A recent randomized‐withdrawal, active‐ and placebo‐controlled, double‐blind phase 3 study showed that tapentadol prolonged release (PR) was effective and well tolerated for managing moderate to severe, chronic malignant tumour‐related pain in patients who were opioid naive or dissatisfied with current treatment (Pain Physician, 2014, 17, 329–343). This post hoc, subgroup analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol PR in patients who previously received and were dissatisfied with tramadol for any reason and who had a pain intensity ≥5 (11‐point numerical rating scale) before converting directly to tapentadol PR.

Methods

In the original study, eligible patients had been randomized (2:1) and titrated to their optimal dose of tapentadol PR (100–250 mg bid) or morphine sulphate‐controlled release (40–100 mg bid) over 2 weeks. The present report focuses on results during the titration period for a subgroup of patients randomized to tapentadol PR after having been on tramadol treatment prior to randomization in the study (n = 129). Results for this subgroup are compared with results for all 338 patients who received tapentadol PR during titration (overall tapentadol PR group).

Results

Responder rates (responders: completed titration, mean pain intensity <5 [0–10 scale] and ≤20 mg/day rescue medication during last 3 days) were slightly better for the tramadol/tapentadol PR subgroup (69.8% [90/129]) vs. the overall tapentadol PR group (63.9% [214/335]). Tolerability profiles were comparable for both groups.

Conclusions

Results of this subgroup analysis indicate that patients with cancer pain could safely switch from prior treatment with the weak centrally acting analgesic tramadol directly to the strong centrally acting analgesic tapentadol PR, for an improved analgesic therapy for severe pain.

What does this study add?

Results of this post hoc analysis show that patients who had received prior tramadol therapy could switch directly to tapentadol PR, with the majority (˜70%) experiencing improved efficacy.
Development of a new highly efficient 17 X‐STR multiplex for forensic purposes
Authors: Prieto‐Fernández Endika , Baeta Miriam , Núñez Carolina , Zarrabeitia María T. , Herrera Rene J. , Builes Juan José , de Pancorbo Marian M.
Published: April 2016

Currently, two of the most widely used X‐chromosome STR (X‐STR) multiplexes are composed by ten (GHEP‐ISFG decaplex) and 12 markers (Investigator Argus X‐12 Kit). The number of markers included is a drawback for complex relative testing cases, likewise the large size of some amplicons difficult their application to degraded samples. Here, we present a new multiplex of 17 X‐STRs with the aim of increasing both the resolution power and forensic applicability. This newly proposed set includes the X‐STRs of the GHEP‐ISFG decaplex, four X‐STRs from the Investigator Argus X‐12 Kit, three of them also included in the decaplex, and six additional more. In order to ensure the allele designation, an allelic ladder was developed. The validation of the present multiplex was carried out according to the revised guidelines by the SWGDAM (Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods). A total of 488 unrelated individuals from four different continents were analyzed. The forensic efficiency evaluation showed high values of combined power of discrimination in males (≥0.999999996) and females (≥0.999999999999995) as well as combined paternity exclusion probabilities in trios (≥0.99999998) and duos (≥0.999996). The results presented herein have demonstrated that the new 17 X‐STR set constitutes a high‐resolution alternative to the current X‐STR multiplexes.
Dual‐layer solid‐phase extraction based on molecular imprinting technology: Seeking a route to enhance selectivity for trace analysis of pesticide residues in olive oil
Authors: Garcia Raquel , Carreiro Elisabete P. , Nunes José , da Silva Marco Gomes , Freitas Ana Maria Costa , Burke Anthony J. , Cabrita Maria João
Published: April 2016

Aiming to introduce a multiresidue analysis for the trace detection of pesticide residues belonging to organophosphorus and triazine classes from olive oil samples, a new sample preparation methodology comprising the use of a dual layer of “tailor‐made” molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) SPE for the simultaneous extraction of both pesticides in a single procedure has been attempted. This work has focused on the implementation of a dual MIP‐layer SPE procedure (DL‐MISPE) encompassing the use of two MIP layers as specific sorbents. In order to achieve higher recovery rates, the amount of MIP layers has been optimized as well as the influence of MIP packaging order. The optimized DL‐MISPE approach has been used in the preconcentration of spiked organic olive oil samples with concentrations of dimethoate and terbuthylazine similar to the maximum residue limits and further quantification by HPLC. High recovery rates for dimethoate (95%) and terbuthylazine (94%) have been achieved with good accuracy and precision. Overall, this work constitutes the first attempt on the development of a dual pesticide residue methodology for the trace analysis of pesticide residues based on molecular imprinting technology. Thus, DL‐MISPE constitutes a reliable, robust, and sensitive sample preparation methodology that enables preconcentration of the target pesticides in complex olive oil samples, even at levels similar to the maximum residue limits enforced by the legislation.
Zebrafish embryo toxicity of anaerobic biotransformation products from the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole
Authors: Olivares Christopher I. , Sierra-Alvarez Reyes , Abrell Leif , Chorover Jon , Simonich Michael , Tanguay Robert L. , Field Jim A.
Published: April 2016

2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is an emerging insensitive munitions compound that readily undergoes anaerobic nitro-group reduction to 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (MENA) and 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN), followed by formation of unique azo dimers. Currently there is little knowledge on the ecotoxicity of DNAN (bio)transformation products. In the present study, mortality, development, and behavioral effects of DNAN (bio)transformation products were assessed using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The authors tested individual products, MENA and DAAN, as well as dimer and trimer surrogates. As pure compounds, 3-nitro-4-methoxyaniline and 2,2′-dimethoxy-4,4′-azodianiline caused statistically significant effects, with lowest-observable–adverse effect levels (LOAEL) at 6.4 μM on 1 or 2 developmental endpoints, respectively. The latter had 6 additional statistically significant developmental endpoints with LOAELs of 64 μM. Based on light-to-dark swimming behavioral tests, DAAN (640 μM) caused reduction in swimming, suggestive of neurotoxicity. No statistically significant mortality occurred (≤64 μM) for any of the individual compounds. However, metabolite mixtures formed during different stages of MENA (bio)transformation in soil were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry in parallel with zebrafish embryo toxicity assays, which demonstrated statistically significant mortality during the onset of azo-dimer formation. Overall the results indicate that several DNAN (bio)transformation products cause different types of toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2774–2781. © 2016 SETAC
A gas‐kinetic scheme for the simulation of turbulent flows on unstructured meshes
Authors: Pan Dongxin , Zhong Chengwen , Li Ji , Zhuo Congshan
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a numerical method for simulating turbulent flows via coupling the Boltzmann BGK equation with Spalart–Allmaras one equation turbulence model. Both the Boltzmann BGK equation and the turbulence model equation are carried out using the finite volume method on unstructured meshes, which is different from previous works on structured grid. The application of the gas‐kinetic scheme is extended to the simulation of turbulent flows with arbitrary geometries. The adaptive mesh refinement technique is also adopted to reduce the computational cost and improve the efficiency of meshes. To organize the unstructured mesh data structure efficiently, a non‐manifold hybrid mesh data structure is extended for polygonal cells. Numerical experiments are performed on incompressible flow over a smooth flat plate and compressible turbulent flows around a NACA 0012 airfoil using unstructured hybrid meshes. These numerical results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data and/or other numerical solutions, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed method to simulate both subsonic and transonic turbulent flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Ability of a Periodic Component Extracted from Large‐Cap Index Time Series
Authors: O'Shea Michael J.
Published: April 2016

We develop a method to extract periodic variations in a time series that are hidden in large non‐periodic and stochastic variations. This method relies on folding the time series many times and allows direct visualization of a hidden periodic component without resorting to any fitting procedure. Applying this method to several large‐cap stock time series in Europe, Japan and the USA yields a component with periodicity of 1 year. Out‐of‐sample tests on these large‐cap time series indicate that this periodic component is able to forecast long‐term (decade) behavior for large‐cap time series. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of production and quality evaluation of maize‐based snack supplemented with soybean and tiger‐nut (Cyperus esculenta)flour
Authors: Awolu Olugbenga O. , Omoba Olufunmilayo S. , Olawoye Olumide , Dairo Modupe
Published: April 2016

Optimization of the production and evaluation of the quality of maize‐based snack supplemented with soy and tigernut flour was carried out. Experimental design for the composite flour was carried out using optimal design model of response surface methodology. The variables were toasted maize flour (75–85%), soy flour (10–20%), and tigernut flour (5–10%); while the responses were proximate composition and mineral contents. Three blends were selected from optimization results; runs 2, 7, and 11. The functional properties, pasting properties, antioxidant, antinutritional, and amino acid profile of the three blends were evaluated. In addition, sensory evaluation of the cookies produced from the three blends was determined. The results (75/100 g toasted maize flour, 20/100 g soy flour, and 5/100 g tigernut flour) had 16.4/100 g protein, 4.2/100 g ash, 3.5/100 g moisture, 58.5/100 g carbohydrate, 3.0/100 g crude fiber, 14.4/100 g fat, 30.20 ppm calcium, 38.90 ppm potassium, 0.25 ppm manganese, 1.91 ppm iron, 0.14 ppm copper, and 0.98 ppm zinc contents. It also had best overall acceptability.
Assessing Biobehavioural Self‐Regulation and Coregulation in Early Childhood: The Parent‐Child Challenge Task
Authors: Lunkenheimer Erika , Kemp Christine J. , Lucas‐Thompson Rachel G. , Cole Pamela M. , Albrecht Erin C.
Published: April 2016

Researchers have argued for more dynamic and contextually relevant measures of regulatory processes in interpersonal interactions. In response, we introduce and examine the effectiveness of a new task, the Parent–Child Challenge Task, designed to assess the self‐regulation and coregulation of affect, goal‐directed behaviour, and physiology in parents and their preschoolers in response to an experimental perturbation. Concurrent and predictive validity was examined via relations with children's externalizing behaviours. Mothers used only their words to guide their 3‐year‐old children to complete increasingly difficult puzzles in order to win a prize (N = 96). A challenge condition was initiated midway through the task with a newly introduced time limit. The challenge produced decreases in parental teaching and dyadic behavioural variability and increases in child negative affect and dyadic affective variability, measured by dynamic systems‐based methods. Children rated lower on externalizing showed respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) suppression in response to challenge, whereas those rated higher on externalizing showed RSA augmentation. Additionally, select task changes in affect, behaviour, and physiology predicted teacher‐rated externalizing behaviours four months later. Findings indicate that the Parent–Child Challenge Task was effective in producing regulatory changes and suggest its utility in assessing biobehavioural self‐regulation and coregulation in parents and their preschoolers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clonal deleted latent membrane protein 1 variants of Epstein‐Barr virus are predominant in European extranodal NK/T lymphomas and disappear during successful treatment
Authors: Halabi Mohamad Adnan , Jaccard Arnaud , Moulinas Rémi , Bahri Racha , Al Mouhammad Hazar , Mammari Nour , Feuillard Jean , Ranger‐Rogez Sylvie
Published: April 2016

Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphomas (NK/TL), rare in Europe, are Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated lymphomas with poor outcomes. Here, we determined the virus type and analyzed the EBV latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP1) gene sequence in NK/TL from French patients. Six clones of viral LMP1 were sequenced by Sanger technology in blood from 13 patients before treatment with an l‐asparaginase based regimen and, for 8 of them, throughout the treatment. Blood LMP1 sequences from 21 patients without any known malignancy were tested as controls. EBV Type A was identified for 11/13 patients and for all controls. Before treatment, a clonal LMP1 gene containing a 30 bp deletion (del30) was found in 46.1% of NK/TL and only in 4.8% of controls. Treatment was less effective in these patients who died more rapidly than the others. Patients with a deleted strain evolving toward a wild‐type strain during treatment reached complete remission. The LMP1 gene was sequenced by highly sensitive next‐generation sequencing technology in five NK/TL nasopharyngeal biopsies, two of them originating from the previous patients. Del30 was present in 100% of the biopsies; two viruses at least coexisted in three biopsies. These results suggest that del30 may be associated with poor prognosis NK/TL and that strain evolution could be used as a potential marker to monitor treatment.