bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disciplinary Agents in the Sepulchral Inscriptions of Lycia
Authors: Bryce T. R.
Published: January 2007

Lycian scholars have long recognized that a number of the sepulchral inscriptions of Lycia refer to certain disciplinary agents responsible for punishing persons guilty of illegal use of a tomb—e.g. by making unauthorized burials in the tomb. TL 57 provides a typical example:

hrppiye mei:tadi:tike:me ne:tubeiti:mãhãi huwedri.se itlehi:trmili: (lines 8–9)

“If (anyone) places anyone (else) upon them (i.e. the authorized tomb occupants), the huwedri gods and the Lycian itlehi will punish him.”

There has been some fluctuation of opinion on the actual nature of the disciplinary agents involved. Many of them once thought to have been secular authorities can now quite confidently be regarded as deities or religious institutions, and this of course throws a rather different light on the nature and purpose of the penalty clauses in the inscriptions. In some cases, these clauses seem to have threatened the offender with divine retribution and nothing more, but in other cases, the offender apparently risked a more tangible form of penalty. One might then ask to whom precisely a tomb violator was answerable for his offence, and what precisely was the nature of the penalty imposed upon him.
Two New Seal-Inscriptions
Authors: Sollberger E.
Published: January 2007

The seal-inscriptions published here have been chosen as a fitting, albeit very modest, tribute to Professor Gurney as they both have a faint Hurrian flavour. One appears on the seal of a royal scribe bearing a Hurrian name; the other gives us the name of a new king of Ḫaraḫar, a place currently located in a Hurrian, or Human-influenced, region and whose only hitherto known king bore the Hurrian name, Ankiš-atal. The seals will be fully published by Dr D. Collon in a forthcoming volume of the Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in The British Museum: only the inscriptions are therefore discussed in these pages.

1. BM 102055 = 1905-12-9,3 is a seal of the in-na-ba-type characteristic of the later part of the Third Dynasty of Ur and lingering on into the following period, but it shows clear signs of re-use. The legend (in Akkadian, judging by line 2) reads.
Der Brief des Gilgameš
Authors: Kraus F. R.
Published: January 2007

Oliver R. Gurney hat mit seinen formvollendeten Kopien von Keilschrifttexten, die dem assyriologischen “Leser” zusätzlich zu reicher Belehrung seltenen ästhetischen Genuss schenken, auch das Unikum einer assyrischen Provinzbibliothek erschlossen und damit der uns bekannten altmesopotamischen Literatur nebenher unter anderem zwei Werke zugefügt, welche zwei neue literarische Gattungen vertreten. Das Schelmenmärchen vom “Armen Jungen aus Nippur” ist dank Gurneys Bearbeitung und Kommentar ein Klassiker der babylonischen Literatur geworden. Neben ihm hat der “Brief des Gilgameš”, in seiner Art ebenso überraschend und neu, nicht zu Unrecht anscheinend wenig Beachtung gefunden. Der Gratulant, seit seinem Erscheinen von ihm angezogen, hat sich zweiundzwanzig Jahre lang immer wieder vergebens bemüht, die Geheimnisse des ihm rätselhaften Textes zu ergründen. Statt eines Ergebnisses legt er nunmehr eine Reihe von Fragen und Überlegungen dem Herausgeber des merkwürdigen Briefes und den Mitstrebenden vor.
Analogy and the -an Datives of Hieroglyphic Luwian
Authors: Davies Anna Morpurgo
Published: January 2007

The basic morphology of Hittite is now relatively well known — for the classical period at least; that of the minor Anatolian languages still calls for continuous reassessment whenever new data become available. The need is particularly great in the case of the languages of the Luwian group: Cuneiform Luwian, Hieroglyphic Luwian and Lycian. In what follows I shall try to collect some data which concern the nominal inflection of Hieroglyphic Luwian. This can only be a small return for all that I owe to Oliver Gurney, to his teaching and to his unrestrainable kindness and generosity; it is good to know that I share this debt with all those who have worked in this country on the Indo-European languages of Anatolia — and with innumerable others.
Balboura Survey: Onesimos and Meleager Part II
Authors: Coulton J. J. , Milner N. P. , Reyes A. T.
Published: January 2007

The study of three small buildings at Balboura, set up by the city slave Onesimos and the wealthy Meleager near the southwest corner of the agora, is here concluded. Part I (AS XXXVIII (1988), 121–45) treated the exedra of Onesimos and his temple of Nemesis; here the exedra of Meleager and the associated inscriptions are presented. The numbering of the footnotes and figures, and the lettering of the sections continue on from Part I, and the same bibliographical abbreviations (ibid., 144–5) are used. It will also be necessary to refer to the city plan, state plans, restored plans, and restored elevations published there (Figs. 1–4).
Cremna and Sagalassus 1987
Authors: Mitchell Stephen , Waelkens Marc
Published: January 2007

The survey of these two sites was resumed on 1 July 1987. The Cremna season, directed by Stephen Mitchell, ran until 25 July; from 27 July to 20 August the team worked at Sagalassus under Marc Waelkens. The other participants were Mustafa Büyükkolancı, Sarah Cormack, Christopher Lightfoot and Edwin Owens (archaeologists), William Hargrove and Claire Robinson (student assistants), Anthea Cudworth, Robin Fursdon, Duncan Mallace, and Mark Willy (surveyors), Greg Horsley (epigraphist), and Kirsty Norman (conservator). Our representative was Sabri Aydal of Antalya Museum, who also provided valuable and expert assistance to the surveyors. We are grateful, as in previous seasons, to many local people for help and support: to Selçuk Başer, Ali Harmankaya and the staff of the Burdur Museum; to the officers of the Emniyet Müdürlüǧü at Burdur and of the Jandarma at Bucak and Aǧlasun; to the villagers at Çamlık, and to Sabit Kaya, Kaymakam of Aǧlasun, who provided us with accommodation. The work was funded by the British Academy, the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, the Craven Committee of Oxford University, the Roman Society, and the National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium). Above all we are grateful to the Director General of Antiquities and Museums in Turkey, Nurettin Yardımcı, and to his staff, especially to Nimet Berkok and Mustafa Karahan, for granting permission for the survey and for much other assistance.
The Second Millennium Painted Pottery Tradition of the Van Lake Basin
Authors: Çilingiroğlu Altan
Published: January 2007

Some painted pottery recently purchased by the East Anatolian museums is of considerable interest from the point of view of second millennium cultures in the Van and Urmia Basins. Taking into account the suggestion that a cultural break occurred around Lake Van in the second millennium B.C., the importance of these painted vessels increases.

Excavations outside Eastern Anatolia, particularly in North-West Iran, have produced painted pottery in considerable quantities dating to the second millennium B.C. Haftavan Tepe and Geoy Tepe are two of the main sites which supply detailed information about this painted pottery, and suggestions have been made previously by M. R. Edwards about their distribution.

The painted pottery in the East Anatolian museums clearly demonstrates that such vessels are not restricted to the region of Lake Urmia. The occurrence of a painted pottery tradition around Lake Van may well indicate that this region was not culturally isolated in the second millennium B.C.
Regional and Local Schools of Metalwork in Early Bronze Age Anatolia Part II
Authors: Yakar Jak
Published: January 2007

This is one of the most eventful periods in the early history of preliterate Anatolia. Urban and rural settlements in western Anatolia, in the central Anatolian plateau including the Pontus region and in the eastern highlands show signs of conflagration. Archaeological surveys carried out in north-central Anatolia and in the Konya plain suggest that in some cases permanent settlements were abandoned at different phases of the EB III. These destructions were no doubt caused by unrecorded events such as inter-regional rivalry between city-states, intruding pastoralists, incursions by foreign armies (e.g. from Mesopotamia/N. Syria), invasions by nomadic hordes and natural catastrophes (Yakar 1981a: 106–7). On the basis of field surveys and a few excavations of limited scope alone one cannot establish a pattern of destructions which could be attributed to one particular factor described above. I prefer to refer to this period as “emerging dynasties” because monumental architecture in some of the major sites points to centrally located administrative complexes (palaces?) which, taken together with unprecedented mortuary practices (e.g. Alacahöyük Royal Tombs), may confirm the existence of ruling aristocracies in Anatolia.
A Syro-Phoenician Bull-Bowl in Geneva and its Analogue in the British Museum
Authors: Falsone Gioacchino
Published: January 2007

The following discussion begins with a study of a bronze bowl belonging to Monsieur George Ortiz, whose collection of ancient bronzes in Vandoeuvres/Geneva includes a large number of outstanding pieces of Near Eastern art. The bowl was recently acquired in the antiquities market and is said to come from modern Turkey. It is one of the finest and best preserved examples of a particular class of oriental metalwork in repoussé, the so-called Syro-Phoenician “bull-bowls”, which were most probably produced in the Levant in the early first millennium B.C. The main decoration of this class consists of concentric friezes of bovine animals in procession or similar sequence arranged around a central floral motif. The present paper will also examine a second, as yet unpublished, bowl kept in the British Museum.
Colonel Leake and the Classical Topography of Asia Minor
Authors: Wagstaff J. M.
Published: January 2007

Almost everyone interested in the classical topography of Asia Minor is acquainted with the name of Leake. To Ramsay (1890, 51) he was “the greatest of modern topographers”. But few will know more than that he was a scholar to be reckoned with when attempting to locate classical sites or reconstruct ancient topographies. This paper outlines his career and his work on Asia Minor.

Colonel Leake (Plate II a), as he was generally known during the last 47 years of his life, was born in Bolton Row, off Bolton Street, Piccadilly, on 14 January, 1777. The family name was actually Martin-Leake. It was adopted by William's great-grandfather, Captain Stephen Martin, in 1721 after he had inherited much of the property of his life-long friend, brother-in-law and commander, Sir John Leake (1656–1720), Rear-Admiral of Great Britain (Markham 1895). William's grandfather, after a spell in the Navy Office, became a herald (1727) and finally (1754) Garter King of Arms. Stephen Martin Leake, in fact, was one of the great holders of that office. Not only did he save the College of Arms from foundering, but he also launched it on a major phase of revival. He was a considerable heraldic scholar, as well (Noble 1805, 408–14; Wagner 1967, 380–406). Garter's second son, and William's father, was John Martin Leake (1739–1836).
A Note on the Anatolian Connections of the Tôd Treasure
Authors: Maxwell-Hyslop K. R.
Published: January 2007

Since the detailed study by Edith Porada of the cylinder seals and small objects from the celebrated treasure found in the temple of Mont at Tôd in Upper Egypt, questions concerning its origin and date still remain unanswered. Porada suggested that in addition to seals from Eastern Iran and possibly Afghanistan, a North Syrian origin for two of the cylinders seems a distinct possibility. Two other cylinder seals were carved in Mesopotamian style, one of them being datable to the period of the Third Dynasty of Ur. She also showed conclusively that there are no cylinders which can be dated later than 1800 B.C. (Middle Chronology) and that the latest cylinders belonged to the Isin-Larsa period. Her conclusions concerning the origin of the treasure and the importance of parallels for the amulets and other small objects with material from Mari and Ebla are entirely convincing. A recent study by Christine Lilyquist stresses the evidence for a date within the reign of Amenemhet II for the deposition of the treasure which was found in four metal boxes inscribed with the king's name. While in studies concerning the 153 silver vessels Cretan and Mycenaean prototypes have been cited, Anatolia has not received so much attention. Here it will be suggested that there is considerable recently published evidence from Anatolia and Syria which is relevant to the Tôd silver cups, and that a consideration of recently published textual material from Mari, Ebla, Rimah and Brak may also be useful.
An aerial Survey of Çevre Kale, Yaraşli
Authors: Summers G. D.
Published: January 2007

About 1 km. north of the village of Yaraşlı on a natural hill that forms an extension of Karaca Daǧ, is a large and impressively defended site locally called Çevre Kale (Fig. 1). Pottery from the surface is Imperial Hittite and Phrygian in date. There is later material, Hellenistic to Byzantine, beneath and adjacent to the village. Yaraşlı is a large well watered village in the Kulu district (ilce) of Konya province (il). The map reference is 59-Ie on the 1:200,000 sheet for Katrancı (Harita Genel Müdürlüǧü 1945).

The aims of the project were to produce a photographic record of the site from the air, using a helium filled blimp and remote controlled camera, from which plans could be drawn and relationships between the various elements of the site determined. Air photographs revealed outlines of buildings that could not be seen on the ground (Pls XLI–XLV(a)). An overall plan has been drawn (Fig. 3). In some cases it has been possible to draw stone for stone plans (Fig. 5 and Pl. XLIV(b), Fig. 6 and Pl. XLV(a)). The results are much superior to those that could have been achieved by traditional cadastral survey and were obtained in a short time. During the course of the day photographs can be taken in varying light so that changes in shadow highlight different features.
Metalwork in the Gaziantep and Adana Museums: an Addendum
Authors: Özgen Engin , Summers G. D.
Published: January 2007

The publication in this journal of a hoard of metalwork reported to have come from the region of Sakçagözü omitted any reference to the original publication of this material by Engin Özgen in 1985. The opportunity has now been taken to publish photographs of the two copper (?alloy) figurines and their gold and silver adornments, one in the Adana Museum and the other in Gaziantep Museum (PI. XV) and, because the original publication is out of print, to provide a detailed description of the Adana piece. We are grateful to the Directors of the two museums Bey İsmet İpek (Adana) and Bey Rifat Ergeç (Gaziantep) for facilitating this study and to Tuğrul Čakar for the photographs.

No new information concerning the discovery and dispersal of the metalwork has come to light. It is the conviction of the authors that the close stylistic and technical resemblance between the two figurines and the addition to both of gold foil and silver torques greatly increases the probability that, firstly, the pieces are genuine antiquities and, secondly, that all of the objects were found together in a single hoard. No new evidence has emerged to contradict our earlier, independently deduced suggestion of an early second millennium date.
The Milyas and the Attalids: a Decree of the City of Olbasa and a New Royal Letter of the Second Century B.C.
Authors: Kearsley R. A.
Published: January 2007

The site of Olbasa was first identified by the discovery of two Latin imperial inscriptions near the modern village of Belenli in 1842 and even today the surviving evidence from Olbasa (including as it does both texts and coins) still belongs chiefly to the imperial period. Olbasa's prominence then stemmed from the fact that it was “refounded” by Augustus as a military colony. Very little has been pieced together of the history and development of the city prior to the arrival of the Romans and the present inscription, therefore, represents a large advance on our knowledge of Olbasa in the Hellenistic period as well as contributing to our understanding of developments in the region at large.

Modern research on the area of south-western Asia Minor now known as Lycia and Pisidia has been greatly assisted by the work of George Bean and Alan Hall both of whom published major articles containing topographical discussions and many previously unknown inscriptions. The Pisidian Survey Project led by Stephen Mitchell has also contributed greatly to our historical understanding of the region in both the Hellenistic and Roman periods by the archaeological studies conducted at the cities of Antioch by Pisidia, Sagalassos, Cremna and Ariassos.
Three Cities in Pisidia
Authors: Mitchell Stephen
Published: January 2007

Professor John Cook died on 2 January 1994 at the age of eighty-five. His scrupulous and meticulously published field work in the western coastal regions of Turkey, in Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and above all in the Troas, has made a fundamental contribution to our understanding of the East Greek world. Much historical research in the future will be built up on the foundations he laid. I hope that this present study, which is a product of the same methods of field research into the Classical sites of Asia Minor as he practised, will help to confirm the continuing value of these methods and serve as a fitting tribute to the memory of a great scholar.
“Principally for Vases, etc.”: the Formation and Dispersal of the Calvert Collection
Authors: Allen Susan Heuck
Published: January 2007

As an offshoot of the recent reevaluation of Heinrich Schliemann by Traill and others, British expatriate diplomat Frank Calvert, the father of field archaeology in the Troad, for a century consigned to being “in Schliemann's shadow”, is now receiving recognition for his extensive contributions to the topography and archaeology of the Troad. J. M. Cook pioneered a comprehensive assessment of Calvert's work in his 1973 topographical study, The Troad. He had discovered an unpublished manuscript catalogue of the Calvert Collection which a Turkish schoolteacher had saved and later given to the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Cook mined it in the 1950's for information on Calvert's many identifications and excavations at over fifty sites in the Troad and the Chersonese. In the 1980's Traill published several articles, centred on Schliemann, which shed some light on Calvert. His study of Schliemann's diaries and correspondence with Calvert in the Gennnadius Library betrayed Schliemann's repeated attempt to diminish the significance of Calvert's excavations at Troy and his outfoxing of Calvert concerning the Helios Metope, a remarkable work of early Hellenistic sculpture. Wood and Easton uncovered hitherto unpublished correspondence between Calvert and Charles Thomas Newton (1816–1894), Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum (1861–1886). Nevertheless, until the 1990's, no work solely featured Calvert and his legacy. Gamer (1992) and Allen (1994, 1995a and b, 1996 and forthcoming) have focused on Calvert's archaeological legacy and Robinson has unearthed critical diplomatic documents contextualizing his life (1994).
Social dimensions in the architecture of Neolithic Çatalhöyük
Authors: Düring Bleda S.
Published: January 2007

Çatalhöyük is an important symbol of the Neolithic in Anatolia. Within the buildings of this settlement spectacular ‘art’ was found, and beneath the floors of these buildings elaborately furnished burials were unearthed. Among the characteristics of the settlement the absence of streets constitutes a central element for understanding this period. Despite the unique and well known remains found at the site, its architecture has not been studied systematically. The buildings remain to be distinguished. The distinction between shrines and nonshrines has not been fully scrutinised. Most importantly, the appearance of public space at the site has not been studied. In this paper an analysis of the architecture of Çatalhöyük levels VIII–II is presented. A method of distinguishing buildings is proposed. On that basis the analysis focuses on three themes. The first theme is the variability of features associated with the buildings, and the feasibility of the shrines / non-shrines distinction. It is argued that some buildings did indeed function as ritual centres for the inhabitants of other buildings, although they also had domestic functions.
The 1999 Pisidia survey at Melli
Authors: Vandeput L. , Köse V.
Published: January 2007

The second season of the Pisidia Survey Project at Melli took place in September 1999. The site is an ancient city in the region of Pisidia, the mountainous area north of the coastal plains of Pamphylia. The ancient name of the site still remains unknown, but it is generally referred to as Melli (Vandeput et al 1999: 133–45). The team consisted of Sabri Aydal, topographer and archaeologist at the museum in Antalya; the archaeologists Ezra Erb (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Truus Helsen (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), V Köse (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) and L Vandeput (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, director). Yaprak Özkönü and Umut Doğan (Istanbul University) and Bahadir Toprak and Barış Uy (Istanbul Technical University) afforded us excellent assistance. Seher Türkmen of Alanya Museum, to whom we are very grateful for all her help, represented the Turkish government.
Total neocortical cell number in the mysticete brain
Authors: Eriksen Nina , Pakkenberg Bente
Published: January 2007

The cetacean brain has long been of scientific interest, not only because of its large size – the largest in the animal kingdom – but also because of its high gyrification. It shows several adaptations to the aquatic environment, especially in the cortical arrangements of functional areas. To study structural aspects of the mysticete brain we estimated neocortical features in the common minke whale using stereological methods. The neocortex was surprisingly thick, equal to that in humans. The total neocortical neuron number was 12.8 × 109, and the total neocortical glia number 98.2 × 109. Total cell numbers in the auditory and visual cortex were also estimated, and showed that the auditory cortex contained more cells than the visual cortex. In this small sample, no sexual dimorphism was seen within the neocortex of the common minke whale. Our aim was to estimate the total cell number, cortical volume and cell density in the entire mysticete neocortex and compare the total cell number in the auditory cortex with that of the visual cortex using stereological methods. Here, we used the common minke whale as a model of all mysticetes. We wanted to compare these neocortical features to those of other mammals to forward understanding of the evolution of the mammalian brain. Anat Rec, 290:83–95, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model Systems for Fluorescence and Singlet Oxygen Quenching by Metalloporphyrins
Authors: McCarthy Jason R. , Weissleder Ralph
Published: January 2007

Next‐generation photodynamic therapy agents will minimize extraneous phototoxicity by being active only at the target site. To this end, we have developed a model system to systematically investigate the excited‐state quenching ability of a number of metalloporphyrins. Central metal ions that prefer four‐coordinate, square planar orientations (AgII, CuII, NiII, PdII, and ZnII) were used. Porphyrin dimers based on 5‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin and comprising both a free base porphyrin and a metalloporphyrin covalently linked through a five‐carbon alkyl chain were synthesized. The fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields for the dimers were probed at 630 and 650 nm, respectively, resulting in the excitation of only the free base porphyrin and allowing a comparison of the quenching efficacy of each central metal ion. These results demonstrate that metalloporphyrins can serve as efficient quenchers, and may be useful in the design of novel light‐activated therapeutic agents.
Neurons of the ascidian larval nervous system in Ciona intestinalis: I. Central nervous system
Authors: Imai Janice H. , Meinertzhagen Ian A.
Published: January 2007

The tadpole larva of ascidians, basal living relatives of vertebrates, has a chordate body plan. The CNS has many homologies with that of vertebrates yet only about 100 neurons. These few, possibly fixed in number and composition, nevertheless govern a diverse repertoire of behaviors. To elucidate the circuits of the CNS first requires that we recognize each neuron type, for which we used electroporation to transfect precleavage embryos with a plasmid containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the promoter of the synaptotagmin gene. Hatched larvae were fixed and GFP 3‐D reconstructions of confocal image stacks compiled into images of 31 whole or partial larvae, either with many GFP‐labelled neurons or with few, each clearly visible. Neuron counts in the sensory vesicle (SV) and visceral ganglion (VG) indicated that between 75% (SV) and 69% (VG) of previously reported numbers of neurons were transfected. Based on their position, shape, and projections, the following neurons were identified in the SV: a prominent eminens neuron, possibly with direct input from papillar neurons, a large ventroposterior interneuron, photoreceptors of the ocellus, and putative antenna cells of the otolith. In the VG, we identified at least four subtypes of motor neuron, including an ovoid cell that may innervate distal tail muscle cells and contrapelo cells with ascending projections, unique among VG neurons. The caudal nerve cord contained the first reported neurons, the somata of planate neurons. These neurons are the first identified types, and will be used to construct a map of the nervous system for this model basal chordate. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:316–334, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive radial‐like cells are present in the vicinity of proliferative progenitors in the nucleus tractus solitarius of adult rat
Authors: Pecchi Emilie , Dallaporta Michel , Charrier Céline , Pio Juliette , Jean André , Moyse Emmanuel , Troadec Jean‐Denis
Published: January 2007

The dorsal vagal complex (DVC), an integrative center of autonomic functions located dorsally in the caudal brainstem, comprises the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the area postrema (AP), and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX). Recently, this area of the brainstem was shown to retain, during adulthood, the expression of developmental markers, which is consistent with several forms of morphological and functional plasticity. These data led us to attempt to determine the structural organization and phenotypical characteristics of the astroglial compartment in the adult DVC. We report a strikingly high density of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive cells in the NTS and the DMNX compared to other brainstem structures. Furthermore, we observed a subpopulation of atypical GFAP+ cells in the NTS. These cells expressed vimentin and nestin and displayed unbranched processes that radiate rostrocaudally from cuboid cell bodies located in the 4th ventricle wall. Interestingly, these radiating cells were found in close association with neural progenitors whose proliferation was stimulated by intracerebroventricular injection of epidermal growth factor / basic fibroblast growth factor or lesion of the vagus nerve. Newly born neurons in the NTS identified by doublecortin (DCX) immunolabeling were also preferentially found in the vicinity of the radiating cells. Altogether, these results indicate that the adult NTS retains, during adulthood, astroglial cells that display morphological and phenotypical features seen during development. The overlap in the distribution of proliferative neural progenitors, newborn neurons, and radiating GFAP‐positive cells suggest a possible role of the glial compartment of the NTS in functional plasticity in this structure. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:353–368, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tripyrrinatocadmium Complexes: Enforcing Supramolecular Aggregation by a Large Ion
Authors: Bröring Martin , Prikhodovski Serguei , Tejero Esther Cónsul , Köhler Silke
Published: January 2007

A newly developed method for the preparation of free base tripyrrin ligands HTrpy by cyanide‐promoted demetalation of nickel chelates TrpyNiNCO was used in order to explore the chemistry of cadmium tripyrrins TrpyCdX with a variety of anionic co‐ligands X. The introduction of the large CdII ion into the tripyrrin N3 coordination site was accomplished by the use of cadmium acetate as the metal precursor. Ligand exchange experiments using sodium salts of different anions disclose a marked tendency for pentacoordination, which is achieved either by the formation of chelates or of 1D coordination polymers that form as a consequence of the size of the central metal. The attempted introduction of chlorido, iodido, or cyanato ligands thus leads mainly to decomposed material, while the use of 1,1,1‐trifluoracetylacetonate, salicylate, and acetate ligands results in stable, pentacoordinate and monomeric complexes with the external ligand bound as a four‐ or six‐membered O,O‐chelate ring. With the pseudohalogenido ligands thiocyanate, selenocyanate, and azide as well as with the weakly coordinating trifluoroacetate 1D coordination polymers with a variety of chain structures were obtained and investigated by X‐ray diffraction studies. Interestingly TrpyCdN3 is present in the crystal as a coordinatively and hydrogen‐bonded methanol adduct with a dimeric repeating subunit. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Kinetic CE: Foundation for homogeneous kinetic affinity methods
Authors: Krylov Sergey N.
Published: January 2007

Kinetic capillary electrophoresis (KCE) is defined as capillary electrophoresis of species that interact during electrophoresis. KCE can serve as a conceptual platform for development of homogeneous kinetic affinity methods for affinity measurements (measurements of binding parameters and quantitative measurements) and affinity purification (purification of known molecules and search of unknown molecules). A number of different KCE methods can be designed by varying initial and boundary conditions – the way interacting species enter and exit the capillary. KCE methods will find multiple practical applications in the designing of biomedical diagnostics and the development of drug candidates. Here, the concept of KCE, its up‐to‐date applications, and future prospective are reviewed.
Eating one's words, Part I: ‘concretised metaphors’ and reflective function in anorexia nervosa—an interview study
Authors: Skårderud Finn
Published: January 2007

Anorexia nervosa still qualifies for the designation as an enigma, with an unclear aetiology and a psychopathology poorly understood. A striking clinical feature is the concreteness of symptoms. The concept ‘concretised metaphor’ refers to instances where there is a psychic equivalence between physical and psychic reality. Emotions are concretised.

Objective

To contribute in a more precise language about the body's symbolic role—embodiment in anorexia nervosa.

Method

10 female patients (age 16–35 years) with anorexia nervosa describe in interviews how they conceive mind–body relations in their own lives.

Results

Different ‘concretised metaphors’ are described and categorised, covering a wide range of bodily experiences and corresponding emotions.

Discussion

The occurrence of various ‘concretised metaphors’ in these cases suggests reduced symbolic capacity and impaired reflective function as a core psychopathological trait in anorexia nervosa. This is the first of three companion papers. Part II develops theory on reflective function in anorexia nervosa. Part III presents an outline for psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The synonymy of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur (Squamata) genus Lakumasaurus from Antarctica with Taniwhasaurus from New Zealand and its bearing upon faunal similarity within the Weddellian Province
Authors: Martin James E. , Fernández Marta
Published: January 2007

Novas et al. (2002. Ameghiniana 39:245–249) described and named a new mosasaur as Lakumasaurus antarcticus from the Late Cretaceous marine deposits of the Antarctic Peninsula. The specimen was recovered from the late Campanian Santa Marta Formation on James Ross Island. A number of characters indicate the affinities of Lakumasaurus with the Tylosaurinae. However, other characters of Lakumasaurus are unusual among tylosaurines, particularly the dentition bearing fine striae, teeth with non‐serrated anterior carinae, anterior teeth without posterior carinae, relatively straight lateral margins on frontal and relatively small size. Investigation of mosasaurs from New Zealand confirms that these characters occur in the type specimen of Taniwhasaurus oweni Hector 1874, collected from the late Campanian Conway Formation of Haumuri Bluff. Size and similar morphological characters indicate the synonymy of Lakumasaurus with Taniwhasaurus.

The synonymy of Lakumasaurus with Taniwhasaurus adds significantly to the evidence of endemism among marine reptiles in Antarctica, New Zealand and Patagonia (Weddellian Province) during the Late Cretaceous. Taniwhasaurus along with the possible co‐occurrence of Moanasaurus are the first mosasaurs at a generic level to indicate Gondwanan endemism. The mosasaur evidence is complemented by the plesiosaur Aristonectes, which occurs in the Maastrichtian of Argentina and Antarctica and appears similar to Kaiwhekea from the Maastrichtian of New Zealand, and by Mauisaurus, an elasmosaurid which occurs in the Maastrichtian of Antarctica and medial Campanian‐Maastrichtian of New Zealand. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting and forecasting flow discharge at sites receiving significant lateral inflow
Authors: Tayfur Gokmen , Moramarco Tommaso , Singh Vijay P.
Published: January 2007

Two models, one linear and one non‐linear, were employed for the prediction of flow discharge hydrographs at sites receiving significant lateral inflow. The linear model is based on a rating curve and permits a quick estimation of flow at a downstream site. The non‐linear model is based on a multilayer feed‐forward back propagation (FFBP) artificial neural network (ANN) and uses flow‐stage data measured at the upstream and downstream stations. ANN predicted the real‐time storm hydrographs satisfactorily and better than did the linear model. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that when the lateral inflow contribution to the channel reach was insignificant, ANN, using only the flow‐stage data at the upstream station, satisfactorily predicted the hydrograph at the downstream station. The prediction error of ANN increases exponentially with the difference between the peak discharge used in training and that used in testing. ANN was also employed for flood forecasting and was compared with the modified Muskingum model (MMM). For a 4‐h lead time, MMM forecasts the floods reliably but could not be applied to reaches for lead times greater than the wave travel time. Although ANN and MMM had comparable performances for an 8‐h lead time, ANN is capable of forecasting floods with lead times longer than the wave travel time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIF‐1α and CA IX staining in invasive breast carcinomas: Prognosis and treatment outcome
Authors: Trastour Cynthia , Benizri Emmanuel , Ettore Francette , Ramaioli Alain , Chamorey Emmanuel , Pouysségur Jacques , Berra Edurne
Published: January 2007

Hypoxia stabilizes HIF‐1α (Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐1α), which then triggers the expression of several genes involved in many aspects of cancer progression, including metabolic adaptation, cell survival and angiogenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of HIF‐1α and CA IX (carbonic anhydrase IX) (one of its target genes) expression on prognosis and treatment outcome of patients with breast cancer. Because of the extreme O2‐dependent instability of the protein, we first validated HIF‐1α staining using xenograft tumours that were subjected to experimental conditions mimicking surgical clamping or sitting at room temperature under normoxic conditions after surgical excision but before fixation. Afterwards, the immunohistochemical staining of HIF‐1α and CA IX was evaluated in 132 invasive breast carcinomas with a 10‐year follow‐up, and correlated to classical clinicopathological parameters and response to adjuvant therapy. No significant correlation was found between tumour size or nodal status and the expression of HIF‐1α or CA IX. Statistically significant association was found between HIF‐1α or CA IX staining and the grade, hormonal receptors loss and the presence of carcinoma in situ. Overexpression of HIF‐1α and CA IX correlates with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. We show that HIF‐1α is an independent prognostic factor for distant metastasis‐free survival and disease‐free survival in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, overexpression of HIF‐1α or CA IX correlates with a poor outcome after conventional adjuvant therapy. CA IX is, however, a weaker prognostic and predictive factor than HIF‐1α, and its association with HIF‐1α does not modify the survival curve neither response to therapy, compared to HIF‐1α alone. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel cholic acid functionalized star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s for biomedical applications
Authors: Zou Tao , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi
Published: January 2007

Novel cholic acid functionalized star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s with different molecular weights were synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of DL‐lactide initiated by cholic acid. Compared with poly(DL‐lactide), these star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s show faster hydrolytic degradation rates, and the degradation mechanism changes from bulk erosion to surface erosion with decreasing molecular weight. Based on the specific physicochemical properties of the novel star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide), the drug delivery system with submicron size was fabricated using a very convenient “ultrasonic dispersion method” which did not involve toxic organic solvents. The in vitro drug release was studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
IgG binding kinetics to oligo B protein A domains on lipid layers immobilized on a 27 MHz quartz‐crystal microbalance
Authors: Mitomo Hideyuki , Shigematsu Hideki , Kobatake Eiry , Furusawa Hiroyuki , Okahata Yoshio
Published: January 2007

Although molecular recognitions between membrane receptors and their soluble ligands have been analyzed using their soluble proteins in bulk solutions, molecular recognitions of membrane receptors should be studied on lipid membranes considering their orientation and dynamics on membrane surfaces. We employed Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA) oligo B domains with long trialkyl‐tags from E. coli (LppBx, x = 1, 2, and 5) and immobilized LppBx on lipid layers using hydrophobic interactions from the trialkyl‐tag, while maintaining the orientation of B domain‐chains on a 27 MHz quartz‐crystal microbalance (QCM; AT‐cut shear mode). The binding of IgG Fc regions to LppBx on lipid layers was detected by frequency decreases (mass increases) on the QCM. The maximum amount bound (Δmmax), association constants (Ka), association and dissociation rate constants (k1 and k−1, respectively) were obtained. Binding kinetics of IgG to LppB2 and LppB5 were quite similar, showing a simple 1:1 binding of the IgG Fc region to the B domain, when the surface coverage of LppB2 and LppB5 on the lipid surface is low (1.4%). When LppB5 was immobilized at the high surface coverage of 3.5%, the complex bindings of IgG such as one IgG bound to one or two LppB5 on the membrane could be observed. IgG‐LppB1 binding was largely restricted because of steric hindrance on lipid surfaces. This gives a suggestion why Protein A has five IgG binding domains. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibody response to influenza vaccine in adults vaccinated with identical vaccine strains in consecutive years
Authors: Nabeshima Shigeki , Kashiwagi Kenichiro , Murata Masayuki , Kanamoto Yoko , Furusyo Norihiro , Hayashi Jun
Published: January 2007

Fifty seven hospital workers received influenza vaccine in November 2003, and the serum HI antibody titer was determined before, 2 and 4 weeks after the vaccination. Thirty seven were vaccinated in November, 2002 consecutively (the repeated vaccination group), and the remaining 20 had not been vaccinated in the previous year (the single vaccination group). Six of the repeated vaccination group received both influenza and hepatitis B vaccination in September, 2004 and the antibody responses were examined 2 weeks later. Two and four weeks after the 2003‐vaccination, the HI antibody titers to A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B in the repeated vaccination group were significantly lower than in the single vaccination group (P < 0.05). This phenomenon had no relation to the pre‐vaccination HI antibody titer. The antibody response was low to repeated influenza vaccination, but normal to hepatitis B vaccine in six subjects who had a second vaccination in 2004, showing that this depressed response was influenza‐specific. These results suggest that the decreased HI antibody response to repeated influenza vaccination was affected mainly by the previous vaccination per se rather than by the pre‐existing antibody titer. J. Med. Virol. 79:320–325, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermally Reversible Cross‐Linked Polyamides with High Toughness and Self‐Repairing Ability from Maleimide‐ and Furan‐Functionalized Aromatic Polyamides
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Chen Yi‐Wen
Published: January 2007

Polyamides having various amounts of maleimide (PA‐MI) and furan (PA‐F) pendent groups, respectively, as well as their cross‐linked polymers (PA‐MI/PA‐F) were prepared. PA‐MI/PA‐F cross‐linked polymers showed thermally reversible cross‐linking behavior via Diels‐Alder (DA) and retro‐DA reactions. Cross‐linked PA‐MI/PA‐F films exhibited enhanced toughness and mechanical properties compared to PA‐MI and PA‐F precursors. Moreover, PA‐MI/PA‐F films also showed thermal self‐repairing behavior, which was observed in the micrographs and instron tests.

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Non‐reflecting boundary conditions for 2 Danisotropic elastodynamics
Authors: Sofronov Ivan L. , Zaitsev Nikolai A.
Published: January 2007

Our numerical method of generating the boundary operator is based on conception of both analytical and discrete transparent boundary conditions. The elastic wave propagation in 2D orthotropic media is considered to show transparency of open circular boundary with proposed NRBC for all tested cases, even where PML approach fails. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Krein space related perturbation theory for MHDα2‐dynamos
Authors: Kirillov Oleg N. , Günther Uwe
Published: January 2007

The spectrum of the spherically symmetricα2–dynamo is studied in the case of idealized boundary conditions. Starting from the exact analytical solutions of models with constantα–profiles a perturbation theory and a Galerkin technique are developed in a Krein‐space approach. With the help of these tools a very pronouncedα–resonance pattern is found in the deformations of the spectral mesh as well as in the unfolding of the diabolical points located at the nodes of this mesh. Non‐oscillatory as well as oscillatory dynamo regimes are obtained. An estimation technique is developed for obtaining the criticalα–profiles at which the eigenvalues enter the right spectral half‐plane with non‐vanishing imaginary components (at which overcritical oscillatory dynamo regimes form). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Structured Kronecker form for the Palindromic Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Schröder Christian
Published: January 2007

We consider a structured generalized eigenvalue problem of the form Ax = λ (–AT )x, called palindromic eigenvalue problem. We will explain this name and give applications. To characterize the spectral properties of this problem we introduce a structured version of the Kronecker canonical form. As an application we present a characterization of the set of pencils B + λC that are equivalent to a palindromic pencil A + λAT . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Element‐based index reduction in electrical circuit simulation
Authors: Ebert Falk , Bächle Simone
Published: January 2007

The numerical simulation of very large scale integrated circuits is an important tool in the development of new industrial circuits. In the course of the last years, this topic has received increasing attention. Common modeling approaches for circuits lead to differential‐algebraic systems (DAEs). In circuit simulation, these DAEs are known to have index 2, given some topological properties of the network. This higher index leads to several undesirable effects in the numerical solution of the DAEs. Recent approaches try to lower the index of DAEs to improve the numerical behaviour. These methods usually involve costly algebraic transformations of the equations. Especially, for large scale circuit equations, these transformations become too costly to be efficient.

We will present methods that change the topology of the network itself, while replacing certain elements in oder to obtain a network that leads to a DAE of index 1, while not altering the analytical solution of the DAE. This procedure can be performed prior to the actual numerical simulation. The decreasing of the index usually leads to significantly improved numerical behaviour. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlocal Boundary Conditions for Higher–Order Parabolic Equations
Authors: Ehrhardt Matthias , Zisowsky Andrea
Published: January 2007

This work deals with the efficient numerical solution of the two–dimensional one–way Helmholtz equation posed on an unbounded domain. In this case one has to introduce artificial boundary conditions to confine the computational domain. Here we construct with the Z –transformation so–called discrete transparent boundary conditions for higher–order parabolic equations schemes. These methods are Padé “Parabolic” approximations of the one–way Helmholtz equation and frequently used in integrated optics and (underwater) acoustics. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
General Inertia and Circle Criterion
Authors: Solmaz Selim , Mason Oliver , Shorten Robert
Published: January 2007

In this paper we extend the well known Kalman‐Yacubovic‐Popov (KYP) lemma to the case of matrices with general regular inertia. We show that the version of the lemma that was derived for the case of pairs of stable matrices whose rank difference is one, extends to the more general case of matrices with regular inertia and in companion form. We then use this result to derive an easily verifiable spectral condition for a pair of matrices with the same regular inertia to have a common Lyapunov solution (CLS), extending a recent result on CLS existence for pairs of Hurwitz matrices that can be considered as a time‐domain interpretation of the famous circle criterion. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Noncovalent‐wrapped sidewall functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyimide
Authors: Yang Zhi , Chen Xiaohua , Chen Chuansheng , Li Wenhua , Zhang Hua , Xu Longshan , Yi Bin
Published: January 2007

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) purified by sulfuric acid and nitric acid were functionalized with polyimide (PI) via an in situ polymerization in N,N‐diemethyformamide. The transmission electron microscopic and scan electron microscopic images showed that the functionalized MWNTs were wrapped by PI. The results of infrared, Raman, and UV–vis display that there was π‐π‐stacking interaction between imide and benzene ring in PI and the graphitic sidewalls of the MWNTs. The thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that the thermal stability of the functionalized MWNTs with PI was improved. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:36–41, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers