bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric Characteristics of the Knee Are Associated With a Noncontact ACL Injury to the Contralateral Knee After Unilateral ACL Injury in Young Female Athletes
Authors: Levins James G. , Argentieri Erin C. , Sturnick Daniel R. , Gardner-Morse Mack , Vacek Pamela M. , Tourville Timothy W. , Johnson Robert J. , Slauterbeck James R. , Beynnon Bruce D.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (CACL) injury after recovery from a first-time ACL rupture occurs at a high rate in young females; however, little is known about the risk factors associated with bilateral ACL trauma.

Hypothesis:

The geometric characteristics of the contralateral knee at the time of the initial ACL injury are associated with risk of suffering a CACL injury in these female athletes.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Sixty-two female athletes who suffered their first noncontact ACL injury while participating in sports at the high school or college level were identified, and geometry of the femoral notch, ACL, tibial spines, tibial subchondral bone, articular cartilage surfaces, and menisci of the contralateral, uninjured, knee was characterized in 3 dimensions. We were unable to contact 7 subjects and followed the remaining 55 until either a CACL injury or an ACL graft injury occurred or, if they were not injured, until the date of last contact (mean, 34 months after their first ACL injury). Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for CACL injury.

Results:

Ten (18.2%) females suffered a CACL injury. Decreases of 1 SD in femoral intercondylar notch width (measured at its outlet and anterior attachment of the ACL) were associated with increases in the risk of suffering a CACL injury (hazard ratio = 1.88 and 2.05, respectively). Likewise, 1 SD decreases in medial-lateral width of the lateral tibial spine, height of the medial tibial spine, and thickness of the articular cartilage located at the posterior region of the medial tibial compartment were associated with 3.59-, 1.75-, and 2.15-fold increases in the risk of CACL injury, respectively.

Conclusion:

After ACL injury, subsequent injury to the CACL is influenced by geometry of the structures that surround the ACL (the femoral notch and tibial spines). This information can be used to identify individuals at increased risk for CACL trauma, who might benefit from targeted risk-reduction interventions.
To see and be seen, to know and be known: Perceptions and prevention strategies on Facebook surveillance
Authors: Augusto Fábio Rafael , Simões Maria João
Published: October 2017

With the increasing use of social networks, particularly Facebook, a large amount of data is made available. Such extensive and intensive disclosure of public and private matter aspects of individuals’ lives leads to theoretical and conceptual challenges. To answer some of these challenges, it is intended in this article, through the use of a qualitative methodology, to analyse the perceptions that Facebook users have of the surveillance they are subjected to, as well as the identification of prevention strategies that can be adopted. The interaction of these analysis dimensions has enabled the creation of a user typology that it is important, given the very recent nature of the object of this study, to confront and develop through new research.
Gender and Geographic Predictors of Cyberbullying Victimization, Perpetration, and Coping Modalities Among Youth
Authors: Ronis Scott , Slaunwhite Amanda
Published: October 2017

Cyberbullying has become an important public health issue due to documented associations among victimization, perpetration, and greater likelihood of depression, substance abuse, anxiety, insomnia, and school-related problems for adolescents. Less is known, however, about how youth cope with cyberbullying and the types of services and supports they are likely to use based on relevant socioeconomic, demographic and geographic factors. The objective of this project was to determine whether gender and geography, in combination with mental health and socioeconomic status, predicted cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and patterns of coping and help seeking in a sample of youth aged 16 to 19 years ( N = 289). An anonymous online survey was used to gather information on cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and methods for coping from youth from New Brunswick, Canada. The results of this study suggest that the likelihood of becoming a cyberbullying victim or perpetrator, as well as the coping modalities used to respond to bullying, are highly gendered and intersect with existing social and health inequities. Interventions aimed at bolstering resiliency should be developed in the context of the urban and rural school environments where coping skills are developed and refined.
Household Charitable Giving at the Intersection of Gender, Marital Status, and Religion
Authors: Eagle David , Keister Lisa A. , Read Jen’nan Ghazal
Published: October 2017

Past research reveals mixed results regarding the relationship between gender and charitable giving. We show gender plays a significant role in giving but only when considered alongside marital status and religion. Using the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study, we model a household’s propensity to give and the amount given. We extend past research by disaggregating unmarried households to look at divorced, widowed, and never-married households, and by including multiple religion measures. Results indicate households headed by never-married females have lower giving levels compared with those headed by divorced and widowed women. In households headed by single males, these differences are largely absent. Religious attendance has a stronger association with giving in male-headed households. The respondent’s gender is also related to the amount married households report giving to charity. Future research on giving should consider both gender and marital status to more fully capture increasing diversity in American families.
Effects of prenatal PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone exposure on rat hippocampus development in a time-dependent manner: A stereological and histopathological study
Authors: Sağır D , Eren B , Yılmaz BD , Eren Z , Keleş ON , Gökçe AB
Published: October 2017

Rosiglitazone is in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma. We investigated the effects of prenatally administered rosiglitazone on pyramidal cell numbers and morphologies in the hippocampus at postnatal period using histochemical and stereological techniques, congenital morphological properties and the number of offspring in rats. Eighteen female rats were grouped into control (C), low-dose rosiglitazone (LDR) and high-dose rosiglitazone (HDR). LDR pregnant rats received 2 mg/kg/day of rosiglitazone via oral gavage during the first 16 days of the pregnancy. HDR rats received 5 mg/kg/day. The infants were grouped into newborn (NB), 4 week (4 W) and 12 week (12 W). A side from histopathologic and congenital assessments, stereological analyses were performed using the optical fractionator method. Congenital anomaly was not detected in any of the rosiglitazone treatment groups, and their number of offspring was similar to that of the C group. Stereological counts revealed a significant reduction in the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the C and LDR groups but not in the HDR group until birth to 12th week. When NB groups were compared, the number of pyramidal cells in the HDRNB group was less than those in the LDRNB and CNB groups. HDR affected apoptosis or the proliferation and maturation of progenitor cells to the pyramidal neuron during neurodevelopment in the hippocampus, whereas LDR did not adversely affect neuronal development and did not cause congenital anomalies.
CYP1A1 expression and organochlorine pesticides level in the etiology of bladder cancer in North Indian population
Authors: Verma H , Sharma T , Gupta S , Banerjee BD
Published: October 2017

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The etiology of UBC is multifactorial and includes both exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous risk factors include exposure to heavy metals, aromatic amines, and environmental pollutants including pesticides such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Environmental factors alone are incapable of directly producing DNA damage and may require activation by phase I metabolizing enzymes like cytochrome P450 in order to become active carcinogen. The present study is designed to study CYP1A1 gene expression, OCP level in cases of UBC, as well as to explore the plausible role of gene–environment interaction in the etiology of UBC among North Indian population. A total of 60 cases with equal number of controls were enrolled under this study, the OCP levels were estimated using gas chromatography, CYP1A1 mRNA expression was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and fold change was calculated using the ΔΔCt method. In the present study, the levels of OCP were found to be significantly higher with the upregulation of CYP1A1 mRNA expression among UBC cases as compared to controls. While putting multiple linear regression, it has been observed that there is a significant interaction between the levels of OCPs and ΔCt value of CYP1A1 gene taken into account hematuria episodes as dependent variable. The study concludes that when there is predisposition of OCPs and upregulation of CYP1A1 gene, then the result will be an increment in hematuria episodes which indicates that gene–environment interaction plays a significant role in the causation of UBC among North Indian population.
Concentration-dependent effect of fumonisin B1 on apoptosis in oesophageal cancer cells
Authors: Khan RB , Phulukdaree A , Chuturgoon AA
Published: October 2017

The geographical distribution of oesophageal cancer is linked to the exposure of fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by fungi that contaminates staple food worldwide. Non-genotoxic carcinogens like FB1 disturb homeostasis through increased cell proliferation or suppression of apoptosis. This study investigated the involvement of FB1 (0–20 μM) in spindle-shaped N-cadherin (+) CD45 (−) osteoblastic (SNO) cell death. Cell viability and death were assessed using the MTS and Annexin V-Fluos assays, respectively. Caspase activities were determined luminometrically and the comet assay assessed DNA damage. Induction of oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) was measured using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), while cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and Bax were determined by western blotting. Cell viability and PARP-1 cleavage were not affected by 1.25 μM FB1, but phosphatidylserine externalization, Bax protein expression, caspase activity, comet tail length and OGG1 transcripts were increased. The reduced cell viability in 10 μM FB1-treated cells was accompanied by corresponding increases in externalized phosphatidylserine, Bax, caspase-3/7 activity and cleaved PARP-1. The OGG1 transcripts were not significantly increased, but comet tails were increased. Bax, caspase-3/7 activities and cleaved PARP-1 were inhibited at 20 μM FB1. In addition, the OGG1 transcript levels were decreased ( p < 0.0001) along with comet lengths ( p < 0.0001). This study showed that FB1-induced apoptosis in SNO cells may be caspase-dependent or caspase-independent; the pathway used depends on the exposure concentration.
Twenty-First Century Leadership: A Return to Beauty
Authors: Adler Nancy J. , Delbecq Andre L.
Published: October 2017

Highlighting Aristotle’s appreciation that “The soul . . . never thinks without a picture,” this article weaves together art and ideas into an aesthetic encounter with beauty, leadership, and our humanity. It invites reflection based on long-established wisdom traditions as well as drawing on insights from everyday sacred traditions. You are invited not only to engage in reading the words presented on each page but also to stop and to reflect on their meaning. You are offered the power of art to intensify your experience and understanding. The article invites you to enter into a contemplative silence designed to increase your appreciation of your own and others’ humanity while deepening the beauty of your own leadership. Such encounters with art and deep reflection have the power to guide us in rediscovering and creating beauty in our fractured world. Encountering art and wisdom through a deeply reflective process does not dismiss science but, rather, partners with all ways of knowing to go beyond what any one approach can produce on its own. Thus, the overall invitation of the article is to heighten your understanding of yourself, your role, and your aspirations as a 21st-century leader.
GABA—from Inhibition to Cognition: Emerging Concepts
Authors: Schmidt-Wilcke T. , Fuchs E. , Funke K. , Vlachos A. , Müller-Dahlhaus F. , Puts N. A. J. , Harris R. E. , Edden R. A. E.
Published: October 2017

Neural functioning and plasticity can be studied on different levels of organization and complexity ranging from the molecular and synaptic level to neural circuitry of whole brain networks. Across neuroscience different methods are being applied to better understand the role of various neurotransmitter systems in the evolution of perception and cognition. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain and, depending on the brain region, up to 25% of the total number of cortical neurons are GABAergic interneurons. At the one end of the spectrum, GABAergic neurons have been accurately described with regard to cell morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological properties; at the other end researchers try to link GABA concentrations in specific brain regions to human behavior using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. One of the main challenges of modern neuroscience currently is to integrate knowledge from highly specialized subfields at distinct biological scales into a coherent picture that bridges the gap between molecules and behavior. In the current review, recent findings from different fields of GABA research are summarized delineating a potential strategy to develop a more holistic picture of the function and role of GABA.
Fractional two-dimensional discrete chaotic map and its applications to the information security with elliptic-curve public key cryptography
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Xia Tiecheng , Wang Jinbo
Published: October 2017

A novel fractional two-dimensional triangle function combination discrete chaotic map is proposed by use of the discrete fractional calculus. The chaos behaviors are then discussed when the difference order is a fractional one. The bifurcation diagrams, the largest Lyapunov exponent and the phase portraits are displayed, especially, the elliptic curve public key cryptosystem is used in color image encryption algorithm.
Reviewers’ Perceptions of the Peer Review Process in Journalism and Mass Communication
Authors: Curtin Patricia A. , Russial John , Tefertiller Alec
Published: October 2017

This survey of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) scholars ( N = 547; response rate = 39.3%) examines perceptions of peer review, a study last undertaken in 1990. Respondents rated intrinsic motivations, such as helping others, more highly than extrinsic motivations, such as reviewing as a consideration for career advancement. Respondents believed they did a significantly better job as reviewers than did scholars who reviewed their work. More experienced reviewers saw their role as balanced between critic and coach, whereas less experienced reviewers saw their role as significantly more critical. Overall, respondents were ambivalent about the state of peer review, yet they resisted adopting approaches other than double-blind review.
Picking Winners: How Political Organizations Influence Local Elections
Authors: Benjamin Andrea , Miller Alexis
Published: October 2017

Endorsements have become a part of most election cycles. They come from a variety of sources (civic organizations, elected officials, newspapers, etc.) and are intended to signal voters that one candidate is preferential to another. Yet, there is still a lot that we do not know about endorsements. In this article, we provide insight into the process of how organizations and newspapers endorse candidates, provide evidence that demonstrates candidates believe these endorsements are important, and test the claim that voters are aware of these endorsements even when controlling for factors such as partisanship, ideology, and education. We also test the claim that issue positions explain vote choice better than endorsements. We rely on interview data and exit poll data to test our claims. Using data from an at-large municipal election, in which voters selected up to three candidates, we find that awareness of endorsements explains vote choice better than issues.
Understanding Treatment Adherence With the Health Belief Model in Children With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Dempster Nicole R. , Wildman Beth G. , Masterson Tracy L. , Omlor Gregory J.
Published: October 2017

Objective. Children’s health beliefs are significantly related to their adherence; however, pediatric literature has rarely tested health-related theories as a whole. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the use of the health belief model (HBM) in understanding children’s adherence, both globally and to individual treatment components. Method. Thirty-three patient–parent dyads completed questionnaires regarding health beliefs and adherence to medical regimens. Results. Multiple linear regressions found a significant relationship among the HBM variables and reports of global adherence for children and parents. For children, the HBM variables were significantly related to adherence to aerosol medications, aerosol antibiotics, metered dose inhalers, and vitamins. For parents, the HBM variables were significantly related to children’s adherence to airway clearance, oral antibiotics, and vitamins. Paired sample t tests found children and parents had significantly discrepant heath beliefs. Conclusion. These findings provide further support for the HBM in evaluating pediatric adherence, with evidence that barriers and cues to action may be targets for early intervention. Future research using this model to identify a comprehensive way to assess, understand, and elicit change in the adherence to medical regimens for youth with chronic illness would be beneficial.
Safety Assessment of Diethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Fiume Monice M. , Heldreth Bart , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2017

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of diethanolamine and its salts as used in cosmetics. Diethanolamine functions as a pH adjuster; the 16 salts included in this rereview reportedly function as surfactants, emulsifying agents, viscosity increasing agents, hair or skin conditioning agents, foam boosters, or antistatic agents. The Panel reviewed available animal and clinical data, as well as information from previous CIR reports. Since data were not available for each individual ingredient, and since the salts dissociate freely in water, the Panel extrapolated from previous reports to support safety. The Panel concluded that diethanolamine and its salts are safe for use when formulated to be nonirritating. These ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds can be formed.
Traumatic brain injury of tangata ora (Māori ex-prisoners)
Authors: Smith Cherryl Waerea-i-te-rangi , Rattray-Te Mana Helena , Pihama Leonie , Reid John
Published: October 2017

International and New Zealand research states that high numbers of prisoners are suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Within Aotearoa, research affirms that the total incidence of TBI is higher among Māori than any other ethnic group. Over 30,000 Māori men and women are being monitored by the Department of Corrections within any one year. Over 60% of those being monitored are Maori despite being only 17% of the New Zealand population. We undertook qualitative research with 23 Māori men who were released from prison. We found high rates of TBI, which were commonly untreated. This research highlights the urgent need for the Department of Corrections to screen and find ways to treat these men and to do so in culturally appropriate ways. It also points to the need for a much broader community and services awareness of the issue.
The impact of vascular risk factors on brain volume and lesion load in patients with early multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pichler Alexander , Khalil Michael , Langkammer Christian , Pinter Daniela , Ropele Stefan , Fuchs Siegrid , Bachmaier Gerhard , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz
Published: October 2017

Background:

Vascular risk factors (VRF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been associated with lower brain volumes. It is currently unknown if this association already exists in early MS and how it develops over time.

Methods:

We identified 82 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) ( n = 61) or with early relapsing-remitting MS ( n = 21) and assessed their VRF including arterial hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking. We analysed T2-lesion load, normalized brain volume (NBV), cortical grey (cGMV) and white matter volumes (WMV), thalamic and basal ganglia volumes at baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessed the percentage of brain volume change (PBVC) using SIENA.

Results:

Patient mean age was 32.4 (±8.7) years and 54 (65%) were women. Median follow-up period was 42 (29–54) months. In total, 26 patients (31.7%) had one or more VRF (VRF+). At baseline, VRF+ patients had a lower NBV (1530.9 cm3 vs 1591.2 cm3, p = 0.001), a lower cGMV (628.5 cm3 vs 668.6 cm3, p = 0.002) and WMV (752.2 cm3 vs 783.9 cm3, p = 0.009) than VRF-negative patients. Similar results were obtained at follow-up. PBVC was comparable between patients with and without VRF.

Conclusion:

VRF are associated with lower brain volume already in early MS but do not lead to increased brain volume loss during 3.5 years of follow-up.
‘Your Past Makes You Who You Are’: Retrospective Parenting and Relational Resilience Among Black Caribbean British Young People
Authors: Franceschelli Michela , Schoon Ingrid , Evans Karen
Published: October 2017

In this article, we explore how Black Caribbean parents prepare their children for the challenges ahead–including anticipated discrimination–in order to boost their opportunities in education and work and eventually their social mobility. Drawing upon family case studies with Black Caribbean families in London, this article focuses on what we have defined as retrospective parenting to mean the use of narratives about the past as resources for parenting. Retrospective parenting draws on the struggles of a cumulative past and aims to transmit a sense of relational resilience, drawing simultaneously on individual, family, and community histories. We found that retrospective parenting had restorative purposes, with parents not only aiming to make up for their missed opportunities but also being preventive and progressive, conveying aims with forward-looking implications for the future of their children.
Telehealth in Community Nursing: A Negotiated Order
Authors: Wessels Bridgette , Taylor Jo , Coates Lizzie
Published: October 2017

Policy makers in the UK are looking to technology such as telehealth as a solution to the increasing demand for long term health care. Telehealth uses digital home monitoring devices and mobile applications to measure vital signs and symptoms that health professionals interpret remotely. The take up of telehealth in community health care is slow because there is uncertainty about its use. Findings from a qualitative study of community healthcare show that community nurses are managing uncertainty through a complex set of negotiations. Drawing on Strauss’ concept of negotiated order the study found three key areas of negotiation, which are ‘supported care interdependencies’, ‘nursing-patient relationships’, and ‘risk management’. The relational, communicative and collaborative working practices of nurses shape these areas of negotiation and the resulting negotiated order. This article focuses on the perspectives of nurses in negotiating telehealth with their patients.
Buckling and vibration of composite lattice elliptical cylindrical shells
Authors: Lopatin AV , Morozov EV , Shatov AV
Published: October 2017

An approach to the finite element study of the buckling and dynamic behaviour of composite lattice cylindrical shells with elliptical cross sections is presented in this paper. The lattice shells are modelled as three-dimensional frame structures composed of curvilinear ribs using beam finite elements. A specialised algorithm is developed to generate the finite element model of the lattice shells based on multiple use of the repeating unit cell of the composite lattice structure. Using this model, the buckling behaviour of the shells subjected to axial loading and transverse bending are investigated. Fundamental frequencies of axial and transverse vibrations of the shells with a massive rigid disk attached to their ends are determined based on the modelling approach proposed in this work. The effects of parameters of the lattice structure on the values of critical buckling loads, buckling and vibration mode shapes, and the fundamental frequencies are examined using parametric analyses. Based on the computations, the angles of orientation of helical ribs delivering maximum critical loads and fundamental frequencies are identified. The results of this study can be applied to the design of the composite tubular bodies of spacecraft made in the form of cylindrical lattice shells with elliptical cross sections.
Youth fans of global popular culture: Between prosumer and free digital labourer
Authors: Sugihartati Rahma
Published: October 2017

The subculture of urban global popular-culture youth fans is believed to be a resistance-subculture against the hegemony of dominant power. This study, however, found that the subculture given rise to by the urban, global popular-culture youth fans of ‘the Mortal Instruments’ in Indonesia is in opposition to the Neo-Gramscian thought which has become the foundation of popular-culture studies. In constructing their identity, some of the digital fandoms of global popular culture have been critical of the content of cultural texts as a form of resistance against texts produced by cultural industries. However, they have only been developing artificial forms of resistance within the system, that is, in fan sites. This study found that the urban youths joining digital fandoms are not free from the hegemony of capitalism because they have become playlabourers, engaging in free digital labour for the powers of the global culture industry. This critical attitude of urban youths, in building their digital fandom-subculture identity, is incapable of standing against the system. They even position themselves within the network of cultural-industry capitalism – identified by the Frankfurt School as the domination and superiorization of the industry power of global entertainment that is continually self-restoring.
Public regulatory arrangements for private higher education in the Western Balkans
Authors: Papadimitriou Antigoni , Levy Daniel C , Stensaker Bjørn , Kanazir Sanja
Published: October 2017

The article presents an analysis of the developments of higher education laws and regulations in the Western Balkans for the period 1990–2015, with the aim of mapping the regulatory arrangements for the private higher education sector and to explore the relationship between public and private higher education in the region. Based on a conceptual framework highlighting the competitive and complementary regulatory design options available in current governance arrangements, the study finds much ambiguity in policy designs regarding how private and public higher education should co-exist in the Western Balkans. As such, it is argued that the study contributes to a better understanding of the unclear role private higher education is playing in the development of the region.
Continuous Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation Promotes Growth of Silkworms
Authors: Shibamoto Yuta , Kamei Yoshiaki , Kamei Koichi , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Aoyama Natsuto
Published: October 2017

To investigate the influence of low-dose-rate irradiation on the growth of silkworms, Bombyx mori, eggs of silkworms were randomly divided into 2 groups and were grown on either low-dose-radiation-emitting sheets or control sheets. On the radiation-emitting sheets, the dose rate was measured as 66.0 (4.3) μSv/h (mean [standard deviation]) by a Geiger-Müller counter for α, β, and γ rays and 3.8 (0.3) μSv/h by a survey meter for γ rays. The silkworms became larger when bred on the radiation-emitting sheets, and their body weight was about 25% to 37% heavier on day 42 to 49 after starting the experiment. Continuous low-dose-rate irradiation promoted the growth of silkworms. It should be further investigated whether this phenomenon could be utilized by the silk industry.
Design of a randomized clinical trial of a colorectal cancer screening decision aid to promote appropriate screening in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Kistler Christine E , Golin Carol , Morris Carolyn , Dalton Alexandra F , Harris Russell P , Dolor Rowena , Ferrari Renée M , Brewer Noel T , Lewis Carmen L
Published: October 2017

Background:

Appropriate colorectal cancer screening in older adults should be aligned with the likelihood of net benefit. In general, patient decision aids improve knowledge and values clarity, but in older adults, they may also help patients identify their individual likelihood of benefit and foster individualized decision-making. We report on the design of a randomized clinical trial to understand the effects of a patient decision aid on appropriate colorectal cancer screening. This report includes a description of the baseline characteristics of participants.

Methods:

English-speaking primary care patients aged 70–84 years who were not currently up to date with screening were recruited into a randomized clinical trial comparing a tailored colorectal cancer screening decision aid with an attention control. The intervention group received a decision aid that included a values clarification exercise and individualized decision-making worksheet, while the control group received an educational pamphlet on safe driving behaviors. The primary outcome was appropriate screening at 6 months based on chart review. We used a composite measure to define appropriate screening as screening for participants in good health, a discussion about screening for patients in intermediate health, and no screening for patients in poor health. Health state was objectively determined using patients’ Charlson Comorbidity Index score and age.

Results:

A total of 14 practices in central North Carolina participated as part of a practice-based research network. In total, 424 patients were recruited to participate and completed a baseline visit. Overall, 79% of participants were White and 58% female, with a mean age of 76.8 years. Patient characteristics between groups were similar by age, gender, race, education, insurance coverage, or work status. Overall, 70% had some college education or more, 57% were married, and virtually all had Medicare insurance (90%). The three primary medical conditions among the cohort were a history of diabetes, pneumonia, and cancer (28%, 26%, and 21%, respectively).

Conclusion:

We designed a randomized clinical trial to test a novel use of a patient decision aid to promote appropriate colorectal cancer screening and have recruited a diverse study population that seems similar between the intervention and control groups. The study should be able to determine the ability of a patient decision aid to increase individualized and appropriate colorectal cancer screening.
Controversies and best practices for acute scaphoid fracture management
Authors: Suh Nina , Grewal Ruby
Published: October 2017

Acute scaphoid fractures are common wrist injuries that continue to elicit debate from surgeons regarding the most appropriate diagnostic and management algorithms. This review will examine the current literature and trends, in an attempt to provide the reader with an evidence-based discussion regarding current controversies of interest to clinicians. In addition, an attempt will be made to provide recommendations for the best treatment practices for acute scaphoid fractures.
Catalysts of Women’s Talent Development in STEM: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mullet Dianna R. , Rinn Anne N. , Kettler Todd
Published: October 2017

Numbers of women in the physical sciences, mathematics, and engineering are growing, yet women are still far outnumbered by men at upper levels of those fields. The purpose of the study is to review the literature on academic women who develop exceptional talent in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Data sources included 18 scholarly publications selected according to a systematic protocol. Analysis of the studies’ Results and Findings sections yielded four major themes focused on women’s personal and psychological characteristics, social catalysts, institutional catalysts, and cultural production. Themes were synthesized into a four-level socio-ecological model of women’s STEM talent development. Implications for future research are discussed.
Subjective Socioeconomic Status Matters Less When Perceived Social Support Is High: A Study of Cortisol Responses to Stress
Authors: Hooker Emily D. , Campos Belinda , Zoccola Peggy M. , Dickerson Sally S.
Published: October 2017

Low objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with the experience of frequent stressors known to have physiological costs. We tested whether perceived social support, a key health-protective resource, buffered the association between lower subjective SES and cortisol responses to an acute stressor. Participants ( N = 115; 54.78% female; age M = 19.56) reported subjective SES and perceived support, completed a social-evaluative stressor task, and provided saliva for cortisol assessment. There was a significant interaction of subjective SES with support predicting linear change in cortisol stress responses, γ = .08, z = 2.34, p = .02. When support was low, subjective SES was strongly related to cortisol, and those who reported lower subjective SES exhibited higher cortisol during recovery than those who reported higher subjective SES. When support was high, those who reported higher and lower subjective SES exhibited similar cortisol responses. These results highlight the important protective role that supportive relationships can have when subjective SES is low.
A Note on Measuring Inclusive Growth and the Inclusiveness of Growth
Authors: Mitra Siddhartha
Published: October 2017

This article makes three basic contributions: (a) review an already existing measure of ‘inclusive growth’ derived from a measure of inclusiveness (an increase which is assumed to be associated with inclusive growth) and show that this is one among a class of an infinite number of possible measures; (b) identify two drawbacks associated with the class of measures of ‘inclusive growth’ mentioned in (a) and come up with a measure of inclusive growth which is not associated with one of these drawbacks and (c) propound a measure of inclusiveness of growth which allows the researcher the room to partition an income-ordered population into blocks so that he/she can concentrate on inter-block inequality in growth rates of per capita income and neglect intra-block inequality (note that the formulation of this measure allows the researcher to partition the population into blocks in any way which he/she wants to) in growth rates of individual incomes.

JEL Classification: D30, D31
Analysis of optimal transport and related misfit functions in full-waveform inversion
Authors: Yang Yunan , Engquist Björn
Published: October 2017

Full-waveform inversion has evolved into a powerful computational tool in seismic imaging. New misfit functions for matching simulated and measured data have recently been introduced to avoid the traditional lack of convergence due to cycle skipping. We have introduced the Wasserstein distance from optimal transport for computing the misfit, and several groups are currently further developing this technique. We evaluate three essential observations of this new metric with implication for future development. One is the discovery that trace-by-trace comparison with the quadratic Wasserstein metric works remarkably well together with the adjoint-state method. Another is the close connection between optimal transport-based misfits and integrated techniques with normalization as, for example, the normalized integration method. Finally, we study the convexity with respect to selected model parameters for different normalizations and remark on the effect of normalization on the convergence of the adjoint-state method.
Intraoperative Esmolol as an Adjunct for Perioperative Opioid and Postoperative Pain Reduction: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression
Authors: Gelineau Amanda M. , King Michael R. , Ladha Karim S. , Burns Sara M. , Houle Timothy , Anderson T. Anthony
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:

Esmolol is an ultrashort β-1 receptor antagonist. Recent studies suggest a role for esmolol in pain response modulation. The authors performed a meta-analysis to determine if the intraoperative use of esmolol reduces opioid consumption or pain scores.

METHODS:

PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, pubget, and Google Scholar were searched. Studies were included if they were randomized, placebo- or opioid-controlled trials written in English, and performed on patients 18 years of age or older. For comparison of opioid use, included studies tracked opioid consumption intraoperatively and/or in the postanesthesia care unit. Pain score comparisons were performed during the first hour after surgery.

RESULTS:

Seventy-three studies were identified, 23 were included in the systematic review, and 19 were eligible for 1 or more comparisons. In 433 patients from 7 trials, intraoperative esmolol decreased intraoperative opioid consumption (Standard Mean Difference [SMD], −1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.25 to −0.96; P ≤ .001). In 659 patients from 12 trials, intraoperative esmolol decreased postanesthesia care unit opioid consumption (SMD, −1.21; 95% CI, −1.66 to −0.77; P ≤ .001). In 688 patients from 11 trials, there was insufficient evidence of change in postoperative 1 hour pain scores (SMD, −0.60; 95% CI, −1.44 to 0.24; P = .163).

CONCLUSIONS:

This meta-analysis demonstrates that intraoperative esmolol use reduces both intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, with no change in postoperative pain scores.
Women in Bullboats: Indigenous Women Navigate the Upper Missouri River
Authors: Steinke Christopher
Published: October 2017

By venturing out into the channel of the Missouri River, which they navigated for much of the nineteenth century, Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa women evaded American surveillance as well as indigenous enemies. They transported crucial supplies back to their villages, conducted long-distance expeditions that stretched hundreds of miles, and capitalized on their navigational experience by ferrying visitors across the river. Yet historians have mostly overlooked their mobility on the Missouri River. This article, which provides the first detailed account of their river travel, identifies an indigenous transportation regime in which Native women helped control passage across riparian borders.
The Writing Teacher Who Writes
Authors: Hedengren Mary
Published: October 2017

Both creative writing and composition seek to teach writing, yet their pedagogical approaches are poles apart, especially concerning instructors. Creative writing instructors serve as “mentor-models,” whose authority comes from their writing practice rather than (only) departmental sanction. Despite potential pitfalls, a mentor-model approach could reaffirm composition instructors' identities as writers.
Frameworks for Failure
Authors: Gross Daniel M. , Alexander Jonathan
Published: October 2017

In the wake of the influential 2011 Framework for Success in Postsecondary Writing, this article extends the conversation along two related tracks: historical and theoretical. We situate the Framework historically with respect to the philosophies and cultural pressures behind the “habits of mind” structure so central to the text. We then read success against queer theory's recent turn to negative emotion, notably in Ahmed's The Promise of Happiness, Berlant's Cruel Optimism, and Halberstam's Queer Art of Failure. Our goal is to think about how the Framework can be understood with respect to a longer social turn in writing studies.
Charlotte Smith's Beachy Head and the Lyric Mode
Authors: Ruwe Donelle
Published: October 2017

This article depicts a multimodal approach to teaching Charlotte Smith's Beachy Head that has proved successful in a sophomore-level survey. As a greater romantic lyric fragment of twenty-one blank-verse paragraphs with sixty-four footnotes and two embedded rhyming poems by the “stranger” poet, Beachy Head poses many difficulties for students. Ruwe identifies student difficulties with the poem's form and content and suggests practical methods for overcoming these barriers. She provides a reading guide to the poem's various sections and suggests ways to help students experience the poem's auditory, visual, gestural, spatial, and linguistic design through a process akin to reverse engineering. The article includes student responses, handouts, and links to useful websites for a multimodal approach.
Monstrosity and the Majority
Authors: Zuba Clayton
Published: October 2017

This article offers an innovative pedagogical technique for teaching students to think critically and analytically about race, especially for student populations most accurately characterized as white and middle class. I illustrate this technique by relating my experiences designing and teaching a first-year writing course called the Monstrous and the Human at the University of Delaware. The concept of monstrousness and the problem of race may at first appear unrelated, yet this is precisely the strength of the course, which relies on a method of defamiliarization. Course readings begin by exploring monstrousness in Victorian science fiction novels, such as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, and then shift to a study of how conventions of these novels recur in novels that examine race in American society, such as Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. In combination with class discussion and course writing assignments, this reading progression invites students to see race from a new perspective. In this article I share my reasons for creating this course, detail its assignments, and show how the course can help students expand their understanding of race in American society. I argue that by teaching race through defamiliarization, we encourage students to arrive at their own understanding of race and racism without inculcating our own beliefs.
Teaching as Leading
Authors: Corley Liam
Published: October 2017

Corley argues that college faculty can more effectively instruct student veterans by renewing their commitment to widely acknowledged hallmarks of excellent instruction: welcoming all students; giving clear and direct feedback; approaching self, subjects, and students with moral seriousness; teaching with integrity; relating the subject matter to everyday concerns; and holding all students to high standards. Through classroom anecdotes and descriptions of military life, Corley demonstrates numerous points of connection between military culture and the best instructional practices described.
Dilemmas, Problems, Constraints, and Other Rhetorical Quandaries
Authors: Newcomb Matthew
Published: October 2017

This article argues for using rhetorical quandaries as a basis for composition courses. Following work in composition that considers the notion of “problem,” the article explores constraints as a way to determine main difficulties in writing situations. Course examples indicate connections between difficult writing moments and larger societal dilemmas.
Creating the Museum Experience
Authors: Sabalis Samantha
Published: October 2017

This article explores the benefits of bringing museum education into the composition classroom to help students develop confidence and skill in oral presentation. Drawing on current scholarship in object-based learning and engaging museum audiences, it outlines a project in which students closely observed objects at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and critiqued a museum tour before presenting on their objects on-site at the museum. As well as teaching students new skills, the project also encouraged them to use their own experiences as audience members in the classroom and the museum to create more engaging and coherent presentations for their peers. The article explains the logistics of the project and students' reactions, concluding with students' own reflections on the benefits of presenting in a museum setting.
On Not Following Freire
Authors: Lotier Kristopher M.
Published: October 2017

Rather than ignoring or criticizing students' vocational concerns, critical pedagogy can work on, in, and through them, thereby gaining persuasive credibility and simultaneously extending Paulo Freire's educational project. Following Freire's command to “rediscover power,” this article employs Michel Foucault's analysis of neoliberal biopolitics to imagine possibilities for both personal and systemic transformation.
Literacy, Culture, and Creativity in a Digital Era
Authors: Pennington Martha C.
Published: October 2017

Changing constructions of literacy in online contexts are situating reading and writing within everyday and popular culture activities while also facilitating highly specialized literate and creative activity. I define these two types of literacy as “little-l” literacy and “Big-L” literacy, drawing on distinctions of “Big-C” versus “little-c” culture and creativity, and then show how digital environments are changing writing space and creating new literacies of a third kind. The effects of electronic technologies on the processes and products of literacy, culture, and creativity require a rethinking of traditional views of culture and creativity to bring them up-to-date in the digital era, with implications for pedagogy.