bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of Chlorella vulgaris in reducing the organic load of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater: Modeling and optimization of influential factors in the process
Authors: Dehghan Banadaki Fateme , Nematollahi Mohammad Ali , Jamali Hamzeh Ali , Hamidi Zahra
Published: October 2024

Background: Wastewater from poultry slaughterhouses is a serious environmental threat if they are incompletely treated. Recently, the utilization of microalgal species has gained significant attention for treating such wastewater. Chlorella vulgaris is one of the most efficient microalgae for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater due to its exceptional capacity for N, P, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. This study aimed to investigate the impact of initial total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus, photoperiod, and cultivation time on reducing the organic load and enhancing the production of biomass in slaughterhouse wastewater. Methods: Samples were collected from the effluent of a poultry slaughterhouse and underwent qualitative analysis. C. vulgaris was cultivated in the BBM culture medium. Experiments were designed using the response surface method. The designed experiments were then carried out and the obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), resulting in fitted models for the data on organic load removal and biomass production. Numerical optimization was performed to optimize COD removal and increase algal biomass. Finally, the models were validated. Results: The results demonstrated that the quadratic model has a good fit for COD removal and biomass increase data. In the optimal conditions, including TN=600 mg/L, TP=34 mg/L, culture duration=15 d, and photoperiod=12.6 hr, the COD removal efficiency and algal biomass production were 93.88% and 92.37%, respectively. Conclusion: Chlorella vulgaris exhibits significant potential for the removal of the organic load from poultry slaughterhouse effluent. Also, substantial algal biomass is generated, which can be used in various areas such as livestock feed and sanitary uses.
CH4 and CO2 emissions rate of Iranian municipal wastewater treatment plants using IPCC and USEPA approaches
Authors: Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Panahi Fard Masoud , Ahmadi Moghadam Mehdi , Mousavi Maryam , Jaafarzadeh Neematollah , Omidinasab Maryam , Shenavar Bamshad , Feizi Rozhan
Published: October 2024

Background: Wastewater treatment plants are important sources of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHSs) such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Also, energy consumption in the wastewater treatment process causes indirect carbon dioxide emissions. Methods: One hundred thirty-three operating wastewater treatment plants in Iran treat municipal wastewater. The carbon dioxide and methane emissions from the wastewater treatment plants for the year 2022 were estimated by establishing a calculation model according to the methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines. Results: Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guideline, the total methane emission was 158.63 tons. Based on the USEPA guideline, the total emissions of methane and carbon dioxide were 47.61 and 351.47 tons, respectively. This amount is 3.2% of all the methane and carbon dioxide emissions of Iran. Isfahan and Tehran provinces have the highest emissions rates of methane at 31.85 and 22.91 tons, respectively. While South Khorasan and Kerman provinces have the lowest methane emissions rates of 0.46 and 0.67 tons, respectively. Conclusion: The results will provide a scientific basis and effective strategies for policymakers to reduce the methane and carbon dioxide emissions from the wastewater treatment plants of Iran.
Contamination and risk assessment of heavy metals in water and fish obtained in Bunza River in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen , Nana Aisha Lawal , Sani Kalgo Abdulrahman , Muhammad Nasiru , Abubakar Muhammad-Jamil , Faruk Mohammed Umar
Published: October 2024

Background: Fish are consumed worldwide due to their nutritional and health benefits; however, heavy metal pollution is compromising their safety. This study aimed to determine heavy metal safety in water and fish, specifically tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus), collected from Bunza River in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Methods: Water and fish samples underwent analysis for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The obtained values were then utilized to assess the associated health risks. Results: The atomic absorption spectroscopy of fish revealed significant differences (P<0.05) between heavy metal concentrations in the fish organs and FAO/WHO standards. It indicated non-tolerable concentrations of copper (1.77-5.24 mg kg-1) and lead (1.85-4.53 mg kg-1). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb and Cd through fish consumption was above the recommended daily intake (RDI). However, the hazard quotient (HQ) and health risk index (HI) of all the heavy metals were within tolerable limits (<1). On water samples, non-tolerable levels of the heavy metals and significant differences (P<0.05) were observed when compared with the standards. The water samples had average concentrations of Cu (4.64±0.62 mg kg-1), Pb (1.78±0.70 mg kg-1), Cd (0.50±0.02 mg kg-1), and Zn (18.90±3.08 mg kg-1). The average daily ingestion (ADI) and HQ of the heavy metals through the consumption of the water were above the recommended limits. Conclusion: Based on the results, the fish and water samples could cause heavy metal-related toxicity. There is a need for policies aimed at decontaminating the river.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever risk model using a spatial approach in Batam City, Indonesia 2022
Authors: Herdianti Herdianti , Susanna Dewi , Eriando Tris , Abdullah Hasmah , Cyndythia Risky
Published: October 2024

Background: Uninhabited shophouses become breeding places for mosquitoes which cause high levels of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), whereas the existence of squatters causes a reduction in green open space, one of which becomes a breeding place for Aedes sp. Methods: This study aimed to develop a DHF risk model in shophouses and squatters in Batam city. This research applied an ecological study design using a spatial approach with the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method. The variables studied were the incidence of dengue fever, vector density, and rainfall. Results: The results of the analysis show that for the vector density in the shophouses, the odds ratio (OR) was 4.71 while for the vector density in squatters, the OR was 6.76. For the rainfall in the shophouses, the OR was 0.83 while for the rainfall in the Squatters, the OR was 1.68. Model analysis shows that the higher shophouses and squatters can cause an increase in dengue cases. Conclusion: Risk analysis shows that factors that can increase DHF vulnerability include high vector density with a risk of 4.71 times (shophouses) and 6.76 times (squatters), and high rainfall in squatters with a risk of 1680 times. The distribution of dengue cases shows that Sambau dan Batu Selicin are subdistricts that have a high distribution of vulnerabilities in both shophouses and squatters. The mathematical model of dengue risk shows that every construction of one shophouse or one squatter can cause an increase in dengue cases by one case.
Estimation of fluoride levels in indigenous Ayurvedic preparations prescribed for infants, toddlers, and preschool children in Kerala, India
Authors: Mayeen Siyad Ameena , Ramanarayanan Subramaniam , Merly James Jesline , Babu Priya , Kuruvilla Suneesh , George Gis
Published: October 2024

Background: Optimal feeding of children with adequate nutrients is regarded as the most effective method for proper growth and development, which occurs rapidly during the first few years of life. In this regard, Ayurvedic nutritional supplements and herbal medicines are given in infancy and early childhood. This age group is of utmost importance in dentistry. Plants and herbal derivatives are rich sources of fluoride. Hence, monitoring of ingested fluoride levels during this stage is of utmost importance to optimize its intake and avoid toxicity. The study assessed and compared the fluoride concentration in preparations of indigenous Ayurvedic prescribed for infants, toddlers, and preschool children in Kerala, India. Methods: In this laboratory study, three samples each of nine indigenous Ayurvedic preparations of solid, semi-solid, and liquid forms were used. Fluoride level was measured by high range fluoride colorimeter—Checker HC—Hanna Instruments, based on sodium 2-(parasulphophenylazo)-1,8- dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulphonate (SPADNS) method, and recorded in parts per million (ppm). Results: Among powder forms, the highest fluoride concentration was observed for Gopichandanadi (2.40±2.02 ppm). Among semi-solid and liquid forms, the highest concentration was found in Chyavanaprasha (1.30±1.73 ppm) and Indukantham syrup (9.8±0.10 ppm), respectively. The highest mean fluoride concentration was obtained from liquid forms, followed by solid forms, and the lowest one was present in semi-solid forms. Conclusion: Although the concentration of fluoride varied across the various forms of preparation, none of them exceeded the safely tolerated dose (STD) of 8-16 mg/kg.
Technical comparison between two pretreatment piping compact units for ultrafiltration water plants
Authors: Nagy Amira Mohamed , El-Nadi Mohamed ElHosseiny
Published: October 2024

Background: Ultrafiltration plants are increasingly used for producing high-quality water. The research aimed to compare two compact piping units employed as pretreatment systems to enhance surface water quality. The aim was to achieve the specified average values of feed water quality necessary for ultrafiltration (UF) plants, as per the requirements of the UF manufacturer. The units were intended for use in a water treatment plant with a capacity of 5000 m3 /day, where the influent water’s total suspended solids (TSS) ranged from 130 to 160 mg/L. Methods: The initial unit implemented plate settler technology to facilitate sedimentation, whereas the subsequent unit adopted filtration. Both piping systems were assessed for their efficacy in conforming to stipulated water quality standards alongside the corresponding economic considerations. Results: Both piping units effectively achieved the mandated water quality standards, albeit at disparate costs. In this specific case study, the sedimentation units incurred an initial expense of 191 800 Egyptian pounds (LE) (equivalent to $6209.5), whereas the filtration units necessitated an initial investment of 471 680 LE ($15 270.5). Additionally, both the initial outlay and ongoing operational expenses of the sedimentation units were inferior to those of the filtration units. Conclusion: Based on the study results, the use of sedimentation units proved to be more cost-effective. Despite meeting the required water quality standards, the sedimentation units had lower initial and operational costs than the filtration units. Therefore, it is recommended to use sedimentation units as the pretreatment system in this water treatment plant to achieve the desired water quality while optimizing costs.
A study on seepage data utilized in the safety assessment of Haditha Dam: A simulation by SEEP/W model
Authors: Hadi Alyaa Jumaah , Mohammed Thamer Ahmed , Tayebian Aida
Published: October 2024

Background: Special attention should be given to the seepage in dams since it may cause failure. Seepage is not considered in the total risk factor calculated using the International Commission of Large Dams (ICOLD), the United States Bureau Reclamation (USBR) while the description of the dam seepage condition is given a weightage in the Brazilian method. Methods: Haditha Dam, Iraq, was constructed on varying degrees of limestone beds of the Euphrates and Ana formations. Therefore, seepage from the dam should be continuously monitored and accurately measured. In the present study, a methodology was proposed to overcome the problem of inconsistent seepage data. The inconsistent seepage rates can be replaced by the predicted seepage rates obtained from SEEP/W model. Results: The predicted seepage rates for different water levels in the reservoir of Haditha Dam were found in association (R2=0.96). In addition, the value of mean absolute error (MAE) for the model accuracy was found to be 0.0106. According to the Brazilian index, the weightage for the seepage condition of Haditha dam was in the second category and equal to 3. Conclusion: For Haditha Dam, the seepage data cannot be used in the dam risk assessment since it was inconsistent with gaps, and it can be replaced by the consistent predicted seepage rates predicted by SEEP/W model. Generally, the aging and other dam problems result in increasing seepage rate. This highlights the importance of efficient management that follows resilient monitoring and surveillance programs that ensure dam safety.
Concentration, characterization, and risk assessment of microplastics in two main rivers in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen , Adewale Mutiyat Kehinde , Fagbayi Tawakalt , Salisu Titilola Fausat , Umar Ja’afar , Nasir Junaidu
Published: October 2024

Background: Dukku and Kalgo rivers in Kebbi, Nigeria, provide essential ecosystem services such as drinking and domestic water, fishing, and farming. However, the safety of these rivers in terms of microplastic pollution has not been investigated. This study aimed to characterize and determine the concentration and associated risks of microplastics in both rivers. Methods: Microplastics were extracted from water samples through filtration and analyzed using spectroscopy and microscopy. Results: Significant concentrations of microplastics were detected in both rivers. Dukku River samples showed concentrations ranging from 125.00 to 160.30 particles/liter, while Kalgo River ranged from 119.30 to 134.70 particles/liter. Both rivers predominantly contained microplastic fibers and fragments, with fibers comprising the highest percentages (61% in the Dukku River and 56% in the Kalgo River). Microplastics in Kalgo River were predominantly sized between 0 and 100 µm, whereas in Dukku River, sizes ranged from 500 to 1000 µm. Polyamide was the dominant polymer, constituting 50% in the Dukku River and 42.50% in the Kalgo River, followed by polyethylene (34% in the Kalgo River and 25.60% in Dukku River), and polyvinyl alcohol (24.40% in Dukku River and 23.50% in Kalgo River). The predominant risk level posed by these polymers was level III (moderate risk), although polyamide posed a level IV risk (high risk). The pollution load index (PLI) for both rivers exceeded one, indicating a high risk. Conclusion: Microplastic pollution in these rivers poses ecological and health risks. Identifying and mitigating sources of microplastic entry into the rivers is crucial to reducing exposure levels.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables consumed in the central part of Mazandaran province
Authors: Amouei Abdoliman , Falahati Naghibi Elham , Fallah Hourieh , Asgharnia Hosseinali , Khalilpour Asieh , Tabarinia Hajar
Published: October 2024

Background: Heavy metals (HMs) in the environment threaten food safety and human health. In this study, the health risks of HMs caused by the consumption of commonly consumed vegetables in the central part of Mazandaran province were evaluated. Methods: In this study, 42 vegetable samples were analyzed for concentration of HMs, and estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotients (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) were calculated. Results: The mean content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in the studied areas were obtained 28.45, 0.26, and 79.20 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the studied vegetables was found to be 1.76±0.2, 0.09±0.07, and 11.53±1.20 mg/kg, respectively. The EDI average of Pb, Cd, and Zn in adults was 0.0064, 0.0003, and 0.0412 mg/kg day−1; and in children were 0.0099, 0.0005, and 0.0686 mg/kg day−1, respectively. The present study showed that the THQ for Pb in all vegetables consumed by children faces much higher risks than adults. The TCR for Pb in total vegetables was less than 10-4 and for Cd was identified as more than 10-4 in some vegetables in the adults and the children’s population. Conclusion: The concentration of Cd and Zn in the soil and related vegetables is less than the permissible limit, but the amount of Pb in the vegetables is higher than the permissible limit. Therefore, continuous care and monitoring of agricultural soils in these areas, such as the proper use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and treated wastewater sludge, is necessary.
Review on dry toilet and management: Brown water (feces) characteristics, composition, and management
Authors: Bidira Firomsa , Yesuf Mamuye Busier , Schaefer Nina , Friedle Matthias , Alemayehu Esayas
Published: October 2024

Background: An essential component of environmental sustainability and sanitation is the management of dry toilets, especially waste disposal. Understanding the composition of the brown water from dry toilets, putting the proper composting technique in place, and guaranteeing safe disposal and reuse procedures are all necessary to handle the waste successfully. It has been discovered that brown water, sometimes known as feces, can be used for brick-making, fuel, fertilizer, and other purposes. Methods: This review focuses on dry toilet technology, management processes, and sanitation systems in Ethiopia and other underdeveloped nations. It utilizes secondary information and searches from Google scholars, Library catalogs, and Researchers to comprehend dry sanitation systems, including their implementation, use, and maintenance. Keywords used in the search include "in-situ treatment," "fecal sludge treatment," "fecal slurry management," and "brown water treatment." Results: The review used a total of 108 articles and books, agricultural research, and reports on the feces’ physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. It also discussed risks associated with the mismanagement of feces, including parasitic diseases in exposed humans. The main aim of the review was to develop an understanding of brown water uses, composition, and management and select the proper method of composting with dry toilets. Conclusion: Dry toilets in developing countries are utilized for ecological sanitation and agriculture, with feces potentially used as fertilizer. Utilizing feces as fertilizer is a sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmentally responsible practice that can increase productivity while maintaining a clean environment.
The Interesting Characterizations of Some Solitons in Lorentzian Para-Kenmotsu Manifolds
Authors: Mert Tuğba , Atçeken Mehmet
Published: October 2024

In this article, we have investigated some special solitons in Lorentz para-Kenmotsu manifolds. We have studied in detail some important solitons such as almost $\eta$-Ricci soliton, conformal Ricci soliton and $\eta$-Ricci Bourguignon solitons in Lorentz para-Kenmotsu manifolds. While examining particularly some important symmetry conditions of Lorentz para-Kenmotsu manifolds, we have obtained characterizations based on both certain special solitons and the generalized $\ \mathcal{B}$-curvature tensor, which is the generalization of quasi-conformal, Weyl-conformal, concircular and conharmonic curvature tensors.
Decolorization of Acid Yellow 17 by ozonation and Peroxone (O3/H2O2) Process
Authors: Cengiz İbrahim
Published: October 2024

In this study, the decolorization of Acid Yellow 17, a mono azo dye with a wide range of applications such as in food, textiles, personal care products, and household cleaning products, was investigated in aqueous solutions using ozonation and peroxone processes. The effects of ozone gas flow rate (150, 200, and 250 L/h), ozone gas concentration (5.5, 11, and 16.5 g/m3), initial dye concentration (100, 200, and 300 mg/L), and hydrogen peroxide concentration (25, 50 and 62.5 mg/L) on decolorization in the batch bubble reactor were investigated. When the ozone gas flow rate was increased from 150 L/h to 200 L/h in the ozonation process, the removal efficiency increased from 70% to 80.2%. At gas flow rates above 200 L/h, removal was negatively affected. The removal efficiency increased with increasing ozone gas concentration, and at the end of the 45-minute reaction time, a removal efficiency of 98% was achieved at an ozone gas concentration of 16 g/m3. The increase in initial dye concentrations decreases the removal efficiency due to the increase in the amount of pollutant per unit ozone molecule. In the peroxane process, the effect of hydrogen peroxide on color removal was limited. It was determined that the ozonation process was more effective for the removal of Acid Yellow 17 from aqueous solutions.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND THE RESULTS OF ACID-FAST BACILLA EXAMINATION IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Irfan Muhammad Nazirul , Damanik Siti Rahmalia Hairani , Karim Darwin
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. When Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters the body of an individual with elevated blood glucose levels, it creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth and proliferation. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between blood glucose levels and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear results in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru. Methods: This study employed a retrospective analytical correlational design using secondary data from medical records. A total sample of 51 cases was analyzed using total sampling. Data was collected using an observation sheet and analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results: A majority of the respondents (43%) had blood glucose levels exceeding 125 mg/dl, and a significant proportion (76.5%) had positive AFB smears. The Fisher exact test revealed a significant correlation between blood glucose levels and positive AFB smear results (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant association between blood glucose levels and AFB smear results in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru.
Трансформация тромбоцитопении в тромбоцитоз на фоне присоединения первичного миелофиброза к миелодиспластическому синдрому (РАИБ-2): клиническое наблюдение
Authors: Берлина Н.В. , Абу-Хадир М. Р. , Ермолин В.В.
Published: October 2024

Первичный миелофиброз – редкое Ph-негативное миелопролиферативное новообразование, характеризующееся фиброзом костного мозга, спленомегалией, экстрамедуллярным гемопоэзом. Источником опухолевого роста является клон трансформированных полипотентных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Тромбоцитоз может быть значимым гематологическим признаком на начальных стадиях заболевания. Здесь представлена эволюция тромбоцитопении в тромбоцитоз у пациента с первичным миелофиброзом, возникшим спустя несколько лет после установления диагноза миелодиспластического синдрома (МДС): рефрактерной анемии с избытком бластов. Описан процесс диагностики и лечения. Также приведен анализ литературных данных о клинических проявлениях и диагностике первичного миелофиброза.

Primary myelofibrosis is a rare Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. The source of tumor growth is a clone of transformed polypotent hematopoietic stem cells. Thrombocytosis may be a valuable hematological sign in the initial stages of the disease. The article describes the evolution of thrombocytopenia into thrombocytosis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis that manifested several years after the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): refractory anemia with excess of blasts. The process of diagnosis and treatment is described. An analysis of the literature data on the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis is also provided.
Рефрактерное течение классической лимфомы Ходжкина, ассоциированной с вирусом Эпштейна – Барр
Authors: Гутник Ю.Д. , Марковец А.Ф. , Тарасевич И.В.
Published: October 2024

В данной работе представлен клинический случай лимфомы Ходжкина, ассоциированной с вирусом Эпштейна – Барр (ВЭБ), у пациента 21 года с первично-рефрактерным течением заболевания, описана динамика изменения инструментальных и лабораторных показателей в течение лечения. Контроль над опухолевым процессом был достигнут применением иммунотерапии. Ингибиторы контрольных иммунных точек ниволумаб и пембролизумаб в комбинации с таргетным препаратом брентуксимабом ведотином позволили вывести пациента в полную метаболическую ремиссию перед аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто- ТГСК), показали свою эффективность в лечении рефрактерной лимфомы Ходжкина. Отмечена корреляция клинического течения заболевания и уровня ДНК ВЭБ в плазме крови пациента. ДНК ВЭБ у пациента с ЛХ может служить эффективным биомаркером активности опухолевого процесса.

This study presents a clinical case of Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein – Barr virus (EBV) in a 21-year-old patient with a primary refractory disease, describes the dynamics of changes in instrumental and laboratory parameters during treatment. The control of the tumor process was achieved by the use of immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab in combination with brentuximab vedotin allowed the patient to enter complete metabolic remission before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), showed their effectiveness in the treatment of refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma. There was a correlation between the clinical course of the disease and the level of EBV DNA in the patient’s blood plasma. EBV DNA in patients with LH can serve as an effective biomarker of tumor activity have shown their effectiveness in the treatment of refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
POST-WAR EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF BELARUS: LIVING STANDARDS AND SUSTENANCE STRATEGIES
Authors:   Euphrosyne Polotskaya State University of Polotsk, SUMKO E.V.
Published: October 2024

Based on a wide range of sources, the article examines the everyday life of the rural population of Belarus after liberation from Nazi occupation and during the period of the post-war reconstruction. The archival documents and oral history materials made it possible to reconstruct certain elements of everyday life with a sufficient degree of probability. The author draws attention to the fact that the following factors influenced the structuring of the postwar reality of the Belarusian village: the coexistence of two models of sustenance of collective and individual peasants; the presence of "disaster zones" (villages destroyed during punitive expeditions and military operations) and "zones of relative stability" (the degree of destruction of settlements was insignificant) as a consequence of the uneven damage caused by the Great Patriotic War; the specifics of the natural landscape and the location of the settlement (remoteness from the city, military town, large localities, railroad stations). It is emphasized that the choice of strategy of the rural population was determined by social and life resources and the possibility of their use.
Recognized cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in automobile workers by the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee
Authors: Kim Yongjin , O Jong-Hyeop , Cho Hyungyoel , Ye Shinhee
Published: October 2024

Background: Three automobile company workers (one from Factory D and two from Factory E) were diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Korean Epidemiologic Investigation and Evaluation Committee determined that there is considerable scientific evidence supporting the association between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and combined exposure to heavy metals, organic solvents, and diesel exhaust at the manufacturing plant. Case presentation: Patient A, who primarily engaged in engine processing and completed vehicle inspection at Factory D, was exposed to considerable amounts of heavy metals and organic solvents during medium- and large-engine processing, welding, and painting for over 23 years. Additionally, the patient was likely exposed to diesel exhaust for 33 years from forklifts delivering engines in the workshop. Patients B and C, who were responsible for engine assembly, ignition testing, and engine shipment at Factory E since around 1990, were exposed to lead and benzene from gasoline during engine ignition tests in the engine department for 15 and 16 years, respectively. They also encountered welding fumes, heavy metals, and organic solvents during welding and painting tasks. In addition, Patients B and C were continuously exposed to diesel exhaust from logistics vehicles on standby during work hours for 25 and 30 years, respectively. Conclusions: Although the specific level of lead exposure causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains undetermined, numerous studies have consistently reported a relationship between lead exposure and disease development. Limited evidence suggests that exposure to organic solvents and diesel exhaust may increase the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, the Epidemiological Investigation and Evaluation Committee concluded that the three patients’ work-related exposure to heavy metals, organic solvents, and diesel exhaust is significantly supported by scientific evidence as a cause of their amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifinde Akıllı Kentlerde Akıllı Yönetişim Uygulamalarının Rolü ve İnsani Gelişime Etkisi
Authors: Gökşen Haluk
Published: October 2024

Giderek artan kent nüfusu, kaynakların verimli kullanılmasını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bunu sağlamak için ise teknolojinin etkin bir şekilde kullanıldığı “akıllı kent” kavramı günümüzde önem kazanmıştır. Akıllı kent kapsamında ekolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik parametrelerin etkin yönetimi kentler için artık bir ihtiyaç haline gelmiştir. Akıllı kentlerde bu yönetim ihtiyacını karşılayan akıllı yönetişim hem etkin bir yönetim fırsatı sunmakta, hem de uygulamaları ile kentlerin sürdürülebilirliği ve insani gelişimi açısından da önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilirlik açısından akıllı yönetişim uygulamalarının akıllı kentlerdeki rolünün ve insani gelişime olan etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında birer akıllı yönetişim uygulamaları olan e-belediye, akıllı şebeke, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, akıllı ulaşım yönetim sistemleri ve sosyal medya platformları incelenmiş ve sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutu olan ekolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik açılardan incelenmiştir. Buna göre vatandaşların çoğu hizmet tiplerinde kurumlara fiziki gidiş zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırdığı, dolayısıyla sağlanan yakıt ve zaman tasarrufu nedeniyle e – belediye uygulaması, kentlerin her geçen gün artan enerji ihtiyaçlarını etkin bir şekilde izleyip yönetilmesini sağlayan akıllı şebeke uygulaması, kentlerin sağlıklı bir şehir planı oluşturulmasına imkân tanıyan ve çevrimiçi uygulamalara altyapı sunan coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, vatandaşların daha rahat ve hızlı yolculuk yapmasına olanak tanıyan akıllı ulaşım yönetim sistemleri, son olarak vatandaşlar ve yerel yönetim arasında şeffaf bir iletişim kanalı kurulmasında önemli bir rol oynayan sosyal medya platformları ekolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik açıdan akıllı kentlerin sürdürülebilirliğini ve insani gelişimini etkilemektedir.
An antibody nanopore-enabled microsensor for detection of osteoprotegerin
Authors: Feng Silu , Luo Qinglong , Song Xin
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces an antibody-based nanopore thin film sensor for detecting osteoprotegerin (OPG) in buffer solutions and serum samples, offering significant improvements over current commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in terms of cost, specificity, and selectivity. Capable of detecting OPG concentrations as low as 0.25 pg ml−1—far below the limits of traditional lab equipment—this sensor requires only about 1 μl of serum for effective measurement. The utilization of reference sensors helps reduce non-specific binding, enhancing the sensor’s accuracy. Its affordability and operational simplicity make it ideal for point-of-care monitoring of OPG levels in real-time patient care.
A COMPARISON OF TRENDELENBURG OPERATION, ENDOVENOUS LASER ABLATION AND RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IN MANAGEMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: Singh Navjot , Kaur Walia Manpreet , Singh Walia Darshanjit , Singla Anand , Langstang Sakini
Published: October 2024

Introduction And Aim: Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous and elongated veins & have been recognised as a chronic
disorder since ancient times. It is a progressive disease, though not fatal but the morbidity is more. Present study aimed to
evaluate the comparative efcacy of Trendelenburg Operation, Endovenous Laser Ablation, and Radiofrequency Ablation in Varicose Vein
Management. Material And Method:This was a comparative study conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala,
including 60 patients presenting to the surgery OPD from January 2023 to May 2024. These patients were divided randomly into 3 groups:
Trendelenburg Operation, Endovenous Laser Ablation, and Radiofrequency Ablation. A structured proforma was used to enter the detailed
clinical history, mode of management received, and post-op follow up at short interval of 2 months, after obtaining consent at the time of
admission. Observation: In this comparative study, mean age was 42.72 years, with 78.3% male preponderance. Majority of the patients
belonged to C4 group with 31.7% out of the study group. Post-op pain was more for T.O group, as compared to the minimally invasive
procedures. Estimated cost for the T.O, EVLA and RFA is 12,178, 53,500 and 38,815 respectively. The p-value was calculated to be 0.001 which
is highly signicant. Conclusion: All the three modalities are effective for treating varicose veins. RFA and EVLA have fewer complication rates
as compared to Trendelenburg operation, but recurrence rate is more for minimally invasive techniques.
INSIGHTS INTO TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS TRENDS AND DONOR NOTIFICATION PRACTICES- A STUDY FROM A TERIARY CARE CENTER HARYANA
Authors: Rajput Saroj , K Patel Sanket , Chatterjee Brig Tathagata
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Blood donor notication have a dual responsibility to ensure donor and patient safety. All blood transfusions
carry the threat of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). Adequate, harmless and timely transfusions of blood
products can save millions of lives. However, unsafe blood transfusions may cause many life-threatening complications resulting in high
morbidity and mortality. The main purpose is to evaluate and analyze the response rate of seroreactive blood donors to post-donation notication
and counseling and changes in TTI seroprevalence among blood donors. A retrospective study was condu Methods: cted at a government tertiary
care centre from January 2019 to December 2023. By telephonic call and letters all the seroreactive donors were called to the blood centre.
Reactive donors were counselled and on act in accordance with they were referred to suitable centre for advance management. In 15,227 Results:
blood donations 497(3.37%) were seroreactive donors. Out of these HBV reactivity were 1.25 %, HCV (0.54%), HIV (0.29%), and Syphilis
(0.93%). The majority of TTIs were found in age group of 25–34years(52.31%) and least among donors aged ≥ 45 years (P <0.05). Out of these
497 reactive donors, 214 (43 %) answered positively to the notication calls and appeared in counselling whereas, 43 (8.7%) seroreactive donors
could not be contacted and not notied about abnormal test results. Notifying donors is an effective Conclusion: way to reduce TTI, but it is
undermined by a lack of contact with donors, which leaves a constant risk of TTIs.
RECONSTRUCTION USING NASOLABIAL FLAP FOLLOWING ONCOSURGERY - ITS COSMETIC & FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME
Authors: G Rajalaksmi , M Nagaraja , Bhuvaneshwari Bhuvaneshwari , Hebbar Ashwin
Published: October 2024

The versatility of nasolabial aps has been acknowledged for their application in treating a range of facial, nasal, lip, and
oral cavity deformities, as well as intraoral defects resulting from the excision of benign and malignant tumours. Small-tomedium-sized defects have been covered using nasolabial aps, which typically need a second stage of surgery to divide the ap. To research the
results of nasolabial ap reconstruction for head and neck abnormalities, an examination of 30 instances was conducted. Out of these, 18 cases had
BCC(Basal cell carcinoma), 11 had SCC( Squamous cell carcinoma) and 1 case had Melanoma. Treatment options for oral tumours ranging from
stage I to IVa included neck dissection, nasolabial ap repair, and primary wide local excision.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SEALER PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES ON THE SEALING ABILITY OF BIOCERAMIC SEALER: AN EX VIVO STUDY
Authors: Akkanapally Sravyanjali , Bansal Parul , Kumar Mohit , Arora Pulkit , Seth Tanya , Sinha Smrity
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to compare the sealing ability of Ceraseal sealer using three different placement techniques:
Direct injection, Lentulo spiral, and Master gutta-percha cone. Forty freshly extracted single- Materials and Methods:
rooted human teeth were selected, prepared, and instrumented up to the F3 ProTaper system. The canals were irrigated with 5.25% sodium
hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid before being divided into three experimental groups (n=10) based on the sealer
application technique: Group A (direct injection), Group B (Lentulo spiral), and Group C (master gutta-percha cone). Two control groups (n=5)
were included. All teeth were obturated with F3 gutta-percha using the single cone technique. Dye leakage was assessed by submerging the apical
3 mm of samples in methylene blue dye for 24 hours, followed by longitudinal sectioning and examination under a stereomicroscope at 40x
magnication to measure dye penetration using digital caliper, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. On applying a One- Results:
Way ANOVA, p-value was 0.001, indicating statistical signicance. Tukey HSD post hoc analysis revealed no signicant difference in dye
leakage between Groups A and B (mean difference = -1.04, p = 0.097). However, Group A and B had a signicantly higher dye leakage than
Group C (with mean difference of A*C = 1.45, p = 0.015 and B*C = 2.49, p = 0.001). These ndings conrm that Group C consistently showed
the lowest dye leakage among the groups While none of the techniques achieved complete sealing, seal Conclusion: er placement with the
Master gutta-percha cone technique demonstrated signicantly least microleakage, ultimately indicating highest sealing ability among the
groups
EVALUATION OF THE ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF A SINGLE IV DOSE OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE VERSUS TRAMADOL IN POST-SURGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Afzal A Mohammed , Agarwal Meenal , Ayubkhan Yusufzai Mahira , J Vennela
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Effective postoperative pain management is essential for recovery but is often inadequately addressed,
leading to complications such as prolonged hospital stays. Tramadol, a commonly used opioid, provides moderate to
severe pain relief but is associated with side effects like respiratory depression and the potential for dependence. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2
adrenergic agonist, presents a promising alternative, offering analgesia and sedation with minimal respiratory compromise. This study compares
the analgesic efcacy of a single IV dose of dexmedetomidine versus tramadol in post-surgical patients. A prospective Materials and Methods:
randomized open-label study was conducted at Al Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Vijayapura, from July 2023 to July 2024. Forty postoperative patients aged above 18years, classied as ASA Grade I & II, were randomly assigned to receive either dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg IV)
or Tramadol (50 mg IV). The primary outcome measured the adequacy of analgesia, with secondary outcomes including sedation duration and
hemodynamic stability. Datas were collected at multiple intervals post-administration and analyzed statistically. Dexmedetomidine Results:
provided a signicantly longer duration of analgesia (230 ± 15 mins) compared to tramadol (180 ± 10 mins), p<0.001. The time to rescue
analgesia was also extended in the dexmedetomidine group (240 ± 20 mins) versus the tramadol group (190 ± 15 mins), p< 0.001. Sedation lasted
longer in the dexmedetomidine group (200 ± 10 mins) compared to the tramadol group (120 ± 8 mins), p < 0.001. Vital parameters indicated a
signicantly lower heart rate and MAP in the dexmedetomidine group, with minimal adverse effects. D Conclusion: exmedetomidine offers
superior and prolonged analgesia and sedation compared to tramadol, with a favourable safety prole, making it a viable option for postoperative
pain management. Further research is recommended to solidify its role in clinical practice.
POST-COVID DERMATITIS: EMERGING TRENDS IN CONTACT DERMATITIS IN WESTERN INDIA
Authors: Mathur Dinesh , Garg Vikarn
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Contact dermatitis is an inammatory condition of the skin after exposure to any foreign/exogenous
substance and it can be classied as irritant and allergic contact dermatitis (ICD and ACD). Due to the recent COVID-19
pandemic, several skin conditions have emerged due to the preventive measures adopted by both health care workers and the general population
against SARS-CoV-2. The study was a hospital based observational study at Rajasthan Hospital, KK tow Materials and Methods: er, and JNU
Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The duration of the study was from 2021 to 2023. The study included patients of both genders aged 15 and above, who
consented to participate and had a history of allergic contact dermatitis. Exclusion criteria were non-consent. Out of 288 patients, 125 Results:
were male, and 163 were female. The highest number of patients (35 each) belonged to the 24-33 and 34-43 age groups, followed by 23 patients
aged 54-63 years, and 22 patients aged 64-73 years. The most common allergens identied were Fragrance mix in 132 patients (46.9%),
Parthenium in 118 patients (41.0%), and Paraphenylenediamine in 100 patients (34.7%). A higher incid Conclusion: ence of patch test positivity
was observed in females, with fragrance mix being the most common allergen.
The Relative Impacts of Various Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Selection Techniques on Adult Patients' Deaths, Who Have Sever or Moderate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Systematic Review
Authors: Hummedi Ali Mohammed , Alrebh Zahra Ahmed , Abuqurain Waheeda Khalil , Alghamdi Huda Ahmed , Almostafa Eman Makki , Tarmoukh Houriah Abdullah Hussien , Dheeb Insherah Abdullah Abu
Published: October 2024

Background: Studies contrasting higher and lower PEEP in individuals with ALI have not been sufficiently powered to examine differences or identify subtle but potentially significant impacts on mortality. Our objective was to evaluate the association between high versus low PEEP and patient-important outcomes in individuals with ALI receiving low TVs ventilation. Method: The PRISMA statement was followed in the course of this systematic review investigation. Randomized trials that qualified for this review examined higher and lower PEEP levels in critically ill patients diagnosed with ALI. To locate relevant trials, we performed an electronic search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE (all from 2000 to 2011). We only included English-language randomized controlled trials. Results: Four trials yielded 2394 patients met our eligibility criteria. In the Assessment of Low TV and Elevated End-Expiratory Pressure to ALI and the Lung Open Ventilation to Reduce Mortality in the ARDS, PEEP levels were titrated to oxygenation using equivalent PEEP to FIO2 charts. The Expiratory Pressure Study's experimental strategy titrated PEEP levels based on plateau pressure data, regardless of the effect on oxygenation. Conclusion: Higher PEEP levels associated with a lower hospital death rate in patients with ARDS. Additionally, our findings suggest that this is unlikely to be beneficial for patients with less severe lung injuries; in fact, treating these patients with high PEEP levels may be harmful.
Brown Tumor of the Facial Bones in a Patient with Hyperparathyroidism Due to Chronic Renal Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Taddart S. , Akdi K. , Amrani S. , Bouktib Y. , Hajjami A. El , Boutakioute B. , Idrissi M. Ouali , Ganouni N. Cherif Idrissi El
Published: October 2024

Brown tumors are benign, non-neoplastic lesions found in 1.5% to 1.7% of patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. They are classic manifestations of hyperparathyroidism (HPT): primary due to parathyroid disorders, secondary from non-parathyroid causes leading to chronic hypersecretion, and tertiary due to autonomous secretion in longstanding secondary HPT. These lesions can be monostatic or polystatic, primarily affecting the ribs, pelvis, femur, and mandible, with a higher prevalence in young women. Maxillary involvement is rare, occurring in about 4.5% of cases. We report the case of a 22-year-old female patient with a history of chronic kidney disease since the age of 7, who presented a bilateral painless mandibular swelling. Laboratory evaluation revealed that the patient had secondary hyperparathyroidism. Due to the mandibular swelling, a facial CT scan was performed that revealed multiple lytic lesions that were expansive, causing cortical bone blowout and rupture, with visible intralesional trabeculations in the frontal bone, the outer wall of the left orbit, right temporal region, condyles, mandibular angles, and the maxillomandibular dental arches. There was diffuse bone involvement predominantly showing ground-glass opacity, with cortical-medullary dedifferentiation and bone hypertrophy affecting the facial mass, skull vault, and base of the skull. After clinical and radiological evaluation, the patient underwent an excisional biopsy of the hemimandibular right lesion, and it was diagnosed histologically as a brown tumor. In the first year of postoperative follow-up, the patient reported rib pain, prompting a cervical-thoracic CT scan. The scan showed multiple lytic bone lesions with cortical rupture in the clavicles, scapulae, right humeral head, and ribs, along with diffuse bone changes indicating dedifferentiation and hypertrophy in the vertebral and rib areas. Brown tumors pose a diagnostic challenge due to their association with ...
Inguinal Bladder Hernia: About A Case Report
Authors: Taddart S. , Ansari S. El , Amrani S. , Bouktib Y. , Hajjami A. El , Boutakioute B. , Idrissi M. Ouali , Ganouni N. Cherif Idrissi El
Published: October 2024

Inguinal bladder hernias are rare, with bladder involvement seen in 1–4% of inguinal hernias. The majority of cases are diagnosed intraoperatively, with only 7% of bladder hernias identified prior to surgery. Diagnosis may be challenging as patients are often asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms. Surgical repair is currently the standard treatment, and careful surgical planning is necessary to avoid complications including bladder injury. We report the case of a 74-year-old man presented with a mild painless right inguinal swelling, associated with chronic diarrhea. Physical exam revealed an expansive hernia on coughing and reducible at the level of the right inguinal fold. Preoperative ultrasound has shown a right inguinal hernia with a dislocation of the urinary bladder descending into the right scrotum. Plain CT was ordered and demonstrated a right partial inguinal incarceration containing bladder and omental tissue with adjacent peritoneal effusion without ureterohydronephrosis upstream. The patient underwent open surgical reduction and hernia repair and made a quick postoperative recovery without complications.