bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of irreversible pancreatic ductal change triggered by pancreatic duct stenting in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Takuma Kensuke , Okano Naoki , Kimura Yusuke , Hoshi Kensuke , Sato Yoichiro , Ujita Wataru , Iwata Shuntaro , Nakagawa Hiroki , Watanabe Koji , Yamada Yuto , Iwasaki Susumu , Igarashi Yoshinori , Matsuda Takahisa
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim

Stent‐induced ductal change is a complication of endoscopic pancreatic stent placement for chronic pancreatitis, potentially leading to irreversible changes that may contribute to pancreatic dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the long‐term outcomes of stent‐induced ductal change and evaluate factors that correlate with the development of irreversible ductal changes.

Methods

Between January 2008 and December 2022, 52/223 patients with chronic pancreatitis in whom an S‐type plastic stent was successfully placed from the main papilla for duct stricture were detected with stent‐induced ductal change on pancreatography at stent removal. We retrospectively investigated the clinical features of patients whose main pancreatic duct was reassessed by endoscopic pancreatography after >1 month without stent and whose residual stent‐induced ductal change was irreversible.

Results

The patients with chronic pancreatitis with stent‐induced ductal change (n = 28) (elevated change, 15; stricture change, 13) were evaluated using follow‐up pancreatography. Eleven patients (39.3%) showed residual change associated with stent‐induced ductal change, the degree of which was partial improvement, no change, and obstructive change in one, seven, and three patients, respectively. Stricture changes during stent removal and duration of stent placement that triggered ductal changes were significantly associated with the development of residual ductal changes.

Conclusions

Irreversible stent‐induced ductal change in patients with chronic pancreatitis was associated with stricture changes in the main pancreatic duct and continued plastic‐stent placement. Careful evaluation of the pancreatic duct is required during plastic‐stent placement. Early plastic‐stent removal may result in an effective response to the development of stent‐induced ductal change.
Population‐based estimates of major forms of housing insecurity among community‐living older Americans
Authors: Paredes Lucero G. , Wang Yi , Keene Danya E. , Gill Thomas M. , Becher Robert D.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The number of older adults struggling to maintain adequate housing is growing. Prior studies have used various criteria to measure housing insecurity; however, no standardized definition exists to date. Using a multidimensional approach, our study sought to calculate population‐based estimates of various forms of housing insecurity among community‐living older Americans and determine how these estimates differ across key characteristics.

Methods

This study utilized data from the 2011 round of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a prospective longitudinal study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. Three key forms of housing insecurity were operationalized: poor housing affordability (PHA), poor housing quality (PHQ), and poor neighborhood quality (PNQ). Population‐based estimates of these forms of housing insecurity were calculated using analytic sampling weights and stratified by age, gender, race and ethnicity, frailty status, and dementia status.

Results

Totally 6466 participants were included in the analysis, representing 29,848,119 community‐living older Americans. The mean (standard deviation) age was 77.3 (7.7) years; by weighted percentages, 56.0% identified as female, 81.3% as White, 8.2% Black, and 7.1% Hispanic. At least one form of housing insecurity was identified in 38.5% of older Americans. Individually, the prevalence of PHA was 14.8%, PHQ 24%, and PNQ 12.5%. The prevalence of at least one form of housing insecurity was higher among persons of color (62.9% Black and 66% Hispanic vs White; p < 0.001), those with frailty (40.9% pre‐frail and 49.4% frail vs robust; p < 0.001), and those with cognitive impairment (48.1% possible and 51% probable dementia vs no dementia; p < 0.001).

Discussion

Nearly one in three community‐living older Americans experience at least one form of housing insecurity. This was most common among vulnerable subgroups. Our multidimensional approach to defining various forms of housing insecurity can be used for future studies focused on improving social determinants of health among high‐risk older adults.
PPAR gamma and PGC‐1alpha activators protect against diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the inflammation and NF‐kappaB activation
Authors: Huang Siyi , Jin Yuanmeng , Zhang Liwen , Zhou Ying , Chen Nan , Wang Weiming
Published: September 2024

Aim

Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its coactivator PPARγ coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC‐1α) enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism but inhibit inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism through which these two proteins cooperate in the kidney remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate this mechanism.

Methods

HK‐2 human proximal tubular cells were stimulated by inflammatory factors, the expression of PPARγ and PGC‐1α were determined via reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting (WB), and DNA binding capacity was measured by an EMSA. Furthermore, db/db mice were used to establish a diabetic nephropathy model and were administered PPARγ and PGC‐1α activators. Kidney injury was evaluated microscopically, and the inflammatory response was assessed via WB, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Besides, HK‐2 cells were stimulated by high glucose and inflammatory factors with and without ZLN005 treatment, the expression of PPARγ, PGC‐1α, p‐p65 and p65 were determined via qPCR and WB.

Results

Our results revealed that both TNF‐α and IL‐1β significantly decreased PPARγ and PGC‐1 expression in vitro. Cytokines obviously decreased PPARγ DNA binding capacity. Moreover, we detected rapid activation of the NF‐κB pathway in the presence of TNF‐α or IL‐1β. PPARγ and PGC‐1α activators effectively protected against diabetic nephropathy and suppressed NF‐κB expression both in db/db mice and HK‐2 cells.

Conclusion

PPARγ and its coactivator PGC‐1α actively participate in protecting against renal inflammation by regulating the NF‐κB pathway, which highlights their potential as therapeutic targets for renal diseases.
An unusual case of Herbaspirillum huttiense bacteraemia in a haemodialysis patient
Authors: Fordyce Andrew M. , Heenan‐Vos Frederiek , Putt Tracey L. , Donnellan Sine , Schollum John W. B. , Walker Robert J.
Published: September 2024

Herbaspirillum spp. is a common environmental bacterium usually found in soil, plant roots, and water. It is rarely associated with infection in immunocompromised patients, and rarely reported infections in immunocompetent patients. We report the first case of a Herbaspirillum huttiense bacteraemia in a non‐neutropenic home haemodialysis patient. A 57‐year‐old male presented to our hospital with a 3‐day history of malaise, fevers, rigours, and anorexia following dialysis through his central line. On examination, he was pyrexic (temperature 38.7°C) with splinter haemorrhages noted, but no other signs of infection were present. Blood cultures revealed a polymicrobial infection, with Serratia liquefaciens and Corynebacterium jeikeium isolated from the central line and Herbaspirillum sp. was isolated from both the central line and a peripheral culture. A later peripheral blood culture following central line removal isolated Herbaspirillum huttiense. Regular biological testing of his home water supply and dialysate detected no colony forming units of non‐fermenting gram‐negative bacilli. He was initially treated with ceftriaxone and vancomycin initially, followed by ertapenem and vancomycin. Intravenous antibiotics were ceased following 5 days after central line removal and he made an uneventful recovery.
Gender differences in adherence and retention in Mediterranean diet interventions with a weight‐loss outcome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rose Laekin , Wood Amelia , Gill Timothy
Published: September 2024

Background

The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be effective in improving health outcomes and for weight loss. Adherence and retention in dietary interventions are critical to ensure the benefits of the exposure. No studies to date have assessed the role of gender in understanding participants who remain engaged and adhere to Mediterranean diet interventions.

Aims

This study aimed to explore gender differences in recruitment, adherence, and retention for Mediterranean diet interventions and whether these were associated with differences in weight‐loss outcomes.

Methods

A systematic search was completed in EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to March 2023. A meta‐analysis of studies reporting retention by gender was completed using odds ratios comparing female to male dropout numbers. A second meta‐analysis was completed for adherence comparing standardized mean difference of Mediterranean diet scores stratified by gender. Newcastle Ottawa score was used to assess risk of bias.

Results

A total of 70 articles were included in the systematic review with six articles included in the adherence meta‐analysis and nine in the dropout meta‐analysis. No statistically significant difference was shown for adherence or retention by gender. Weight‐loss outcomes were inconsistent.

Conclusions

The results of the study suggest a higher adherence and lower dropout for women although these results were not statistically significant. Future studies of Mediterranean diet interventions should include adherence, retention, and weight‐loss data stratified by gender to allow further investigation of this relationship.
Exploring the complex link between obesity and intelligence: Evidence from systematic review, updated meta‐analysis, and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yun Seo Young , Yun Joo Young , Lim Chaeseong , Oh Hyeoncheol , Son Eunjeong , Shin Kihyuk , Kim Kihun , Ko Dai Sik , Kim Yun Hak
Published: September 2024

Obesity is a major public health concern associated with a higher risk of various comorbidities. Some studies have explored the impact of obesity on cognitive function and, conversely, how lower intelligence might increase the risk of later obesity. The aim of this study is to analyze a complex relationship between body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ), employing a comprehensive approach, including a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and Mendelian randomization (MR). We extracted the data from Medline and Embase to identify relevant studies published since June 22, 2009. MR analysis relied on genetic databases such as the Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS) and the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) to explore potential causal relationships. The systematic review and meta‐analysis encompassed 34 and 17 studies, respectively. They revealed a substantial correlation between obesity and reduced IQ, particularly notable among school‐age children (mean difference −5.26; 95% CI: −7.44 to −3.09). Notably, within the IQ subgroup, verbal IQ also exhibited a significant association with a mean difference of −7.73 (95% CI: −14.70 to −0.77) in school‐age children. In contrast, the MR did not unveil a significant causal relationship between BMI and IQ, both in childhood and adulthood. This comprehensive analysis underscores a significant correlation between BMI and IQ, particularly in school‐age children. However, the MR analysis implies a potentially weaker causal relationship. Future large‐scale cohort studies should address potential confounding factors to provide further insights into the BMI‐IQ relationship.
Association between phthalate exposure and risk of allergic rhinitis in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oh Yeonghun , Hong Soo‐Jong , Park Yong Joo , Baek In‐hwan
Published: September 2024

Phthalates are ubiquitous in diverse environments and have been linked to a myriad of detrimental health outcomes. However, the association between phthalate exposure and allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between phthalate exposure and childhood AR risk. We searched the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, and PubMed to collect relevant studies and estimated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk estimation. Ultimately, 18 articles, including seven cross‐sectional, seven case–control, and four prospective cohort studies, were selected for our systematic review and meta‐analysis. Our pooled data revealed a significant association between di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure in children's urine and AR risk (OR = 1.188; 95% CI = 1.016–1.389). Additionally, prenatal exposure to combined phthalates and their metabolites in maternal urine was significantly associated with the risk of childhood AR (OR = 1.041; 95% CI = 1.003–1.081), although specific types of phthalates and their metabolites were not significant. Furthermore, we examined environmental phthalate exposure in household dust and found no significant association with AR risk (OR = 1.021; 95% CI = 0.980–1.065). Our findings underscore the potential hazardous effects of phthalates on childhood AR and offer valuable insights into its pathogenesis and prevention.
Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation duration on exercise capacity and health‐related quality of life in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PuRe Duration Trial): A randomized controlled equivalence trial
Authors: Bishop Joshua A. , Spencer Lissa M. , Dwyer Tiffany J. , McKeough Zoe J. , McAnulty Amanda , Leung Regina , Alison Jennifer A.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective

There is no strong evidence on the optimal duration of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes. The aim of the study was to determine whether an 8‐week PR programme was equivalent to a 12‐week PR programme in improving endurance exercise capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

Participants with COPD were randomized to either an 8‐week (8‐wk Group) or 12‐week (12‐wk Group), twice weekly, supervised PR programme consisting of endurance and strength training and individualized self‐management education. Between group comparisons were made at completion of each programme (i.e., week 8 or week 12), for both programmes at week 12, and at 6–12‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was endurance exercise capacity measured by the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) with the minimally important difference of 186 s set as the equivalence limit.

Results

Sixty‐six participants [mean (SD); age 69 (7) years, FEV1 48 (17) %predicted] were randomized (33 per group). Between‐group comparisons demonstrated that the ESWT time was equivalent for the 12‐wk Group compared to the 8‐wk Group at programme completion [mean (95% CI)] [71 s (−61 to 203)], week 12 [70 s (−68 to 208)], and 6–12‐month follow‐up [93 s (−52 to 239)], though superiority of the 12‐wk Group could not be ruled out at each time point.

Conclusion

Equivalence was shown between 8‐and 12‐week PR programmes for endurance exercise capacity, but superiority could not be ruled out for the 12‐wk Group. Decisions about programme duration may depend on local waitlist times, healthcare budgets and patient preference.
Parametric Modeling Method for 3D Symbols of Fault Structures
Authors: Li An‐Bo , Chen Hao , Xie Xian‐Li , Lü Guo‐Nian , Fox Matthew
Published: September 2024

As the research and application of three‐dimensional (3D) Geographic Information Science (GIS) continue to advance, the abstract representation and symbolic modeling of geological entities in three dimensions have become one of the research focuses in the current GIS field. To address the need for the symbolic representation of complex and diverse fault structures, this paper proposes a parametric modeling method for 3D fault symbols. This method includes (1) constructing a 3D stratum model and a fault plane model based on stratum and fault plane parameters, (2) performing a 3D cutting operation based on the fault plane model to generate the fault block model, and (3) translating the strata in two faultblocks according to the parameters of fault motion to generate a fault symbol model. The experimental results show that the proposed method requires only a small number of parameters to efficiently and intuitively construct diverse 3D fault symbol models. This method breaks through the excessive dependence on geological survey data in the process of 3D geological modeling. It is suitable for 3D geological symbol modeling of folds, joints, intrusions, and other geological structures, as well as 3D modeling of typical geological structures with relatively simple spatial morphology. This paper's parametric modeling method has essential research significance and application value in various applications such as digital earth, digital city, and virtual geoscience exploration.
Machine learning analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of acute graft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Moisoiu Tudor , Elec Alina Daciana , Muntean Adriana Milena , Badea Alexandru Florin , Budusan Anca , Stancu Bogdan , Iacob Gheorghiță , Oana Antal , Andries Alexandra , Zaro Razvan , Socaciu Mihai A. , Badea Radu Ion , Oniscu Gabriel C. , Elec Florin Ioan
Published: September 2024

Aim: The aim of the study was to develop machine learning algorithms (MLA) for diagnosing acute graft dysfunction (AGD) in kidney transplant recipients based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) analysis of the graft.Materials and methods: This prospective study involved 71 patients with kidney transplant undergoing CEUS during follow-up. AGD wasdefined as an increase in serum creatinine levels of at least 25% compared to the baseline of the last three months. The control group consisted of patients with stable kidney graft function (SGF). The top five CEUS parameters that achieved the best discrimination between the AGD and SGF groups were selected based on ANOVA testing and then employed as input for training MLA (naïve Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and logistic regression (LR)). The models were validated by leave-one-out cross-validation.Results: Among the 111 CEUS analyses, 21 corresponded to the AGD group and 90 to the SGF group. CEUS analyses yielded 44 parameters, from which five were selected: the wash out rate in segmental arteries,time to peak in segmental arteries, medullary mean transit time, renal mean transit time, and medullary time to fall. These five parameters were employed as input for MLA, yielding an AUROC of 0.68 for NB and k-NN and 0.72 for LR. The inclusion of graft survival in the MLA significantly improved discrimination accuracy, yielding an AUROC of 0.79 for NB, 0.76 for k-NN,and 0.81 for LR.Conclusions: The use of MLA represents a promising strategy for analyzing CEUS-derived parameters in the setting AGD.
Single-trial detection of auditory cues from the rat brain using memristors
Authors: Sbandati Caterina , Stathopoulos Spyros , Foster Patrick , Peer Noam D. , Sestito Cristian , Serb Alex , Vassanelli Stefano , Cohen Dana , Prodromakis Themis
Published: September 2024

Implantable devices hold the potential to address conditions currently lacking effective treatments, such as drug-resistant neural impairments and prosthetic control. Medical devices need to be biologically compatible while providing enhanced performance metrics of low-power consumption, high accuracy, small size, and minimal latency to enable ongoing intervention in brain function. Here, we demonstrate a memristor-based processing system for single-trial detection of behaviorally meaningful brain signals within a timeframe that supports real-time closed-loop intervention. We record neural activity from the reward center of the brain, the ventral tegmental area, in rats trained to associate a musical tone with a reward, and we use the memristors built-in thresholding properties to detect nontrivial biomarkers in local field potentials. This approach yields consistent and accurate detection of biomarkers >98% while maintaining power consumption as low as 4.14 nanowatt per channel. The efficacy of our system’s capabilities to process real-time in vivo neural data paves the way for low-power chronic neural activity monitoring and biomedical implants.
Discovery of new acetamide derivatives of 5-indole-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol as inhibitors of HIV-1 Tat-mediated viral transcription
Authors: Shin YoungHyun , Park Chul Min , Kim Dong-Eun , Kim Sungmin , Lee Sang-Yeop , Lee Jun Young , Jeon Won-Hui , Kim Hong Gi , Bae Songmee , Yoon Cheol-Hee
Published: September 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) encodes a transcriptional factor called Tat, which is critical for viral transcription. Tat-mediated transcription is highly ordered apart from the cellular manner; therefore, it is considered a target for developing anti-HIV-1 drugs. However, drugs targeting Tat-mediated viral transcription are not yet available. Our high-throughput screen of a compound library employing a dual-reporter assay identified a 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold against Tat and HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, a serial structure–activity relation (SAR) study performed with biological assays found 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (
9
and
13
) containing indole and acetamide that exhibited potent inhibitory effects on HIV-1 infectivity, with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC
50
) of 0.17 (
9
) and 0.24 µM (
13
), respectively. The prominent derivatives specifically interfered with the viral transcriptional step without targeting other infection step(s) and efficiently inhibited the HIV-1 replication cycle in the T cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with HIV-1. Additionally, compared to the wild type, the compounds exhibited similar potency against anti-retroviral drug-resistant HIV-1 strains. In a series of mode-of-action studies, the compounds inhibited the ejection of histone H3 for facilitating viral transcription on the long-terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. Furthermore, SAHA (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) treatment abolished the compound potency, revealing that the compounds can possibly target Tat-regulated epigenetic modulation of LTR to inhibit viral transcription. Overall, our screening identified novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds that inhibited HIV-1 Tat, and subsequent SAR-based optimization led to the derivatives
9
and
13
development that could be a promising scaffold for developing a new class of therapeutic agents for HIV-1 infection.
Non-invasive multimodal CT deep learning biomarker to predict pathological complete response of non-small cell lung cancer following neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: a multicenter study
Authors: Ye Guanchao , Wu Guangyao , Qi Yu , Li Kuo , Wang Mingliang , Zhang Chunyang , Li Feng , Wee Leonard , Dekker Andre , Han Chu , Liu Zaiyi , Liao Yongde , Shi Zhenwei
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Although neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy has been widely applied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), predicting treatment response remains a challenge. We used pretreatment multimodal CT to explore deep learning-based immunochemotherapy response image biomarkers.

Methods

This study retrospectively obtained non-contrast enhanced and contrast enhancedbubu CT scans of patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery after receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy at multiple centers between August 2019 and February 2023. Deep learning features were extracted from both non-contrast enhanced and contrast enhanced CT scans to construct the predictive models (LUNAI-uCT model and LUNAI-eCT model), respectively. After the feature fusion of these two types of features, a fused model (LUNAI-fCT model) was constructed. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis was used to quantify the impact of CT imaging features on model prediction. To gain insights into how our model makes predictions, we employed Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping to generate saliency heatmaps.

Results

The training and validation datasets included 113 patients from Center A at the 8:2 ratio, and the test dataset included 112 patients (Center B n=73, Center C n=20, Center D n=19). In the test dataset, the LUNAI-uCT, LUNAI-eCT, and LUNAI-fCT models achieved AUCs of 0.762 (95% CI 0.654 to 0.791), 0.797 (95% CI 0.724 to 0.844), and 0.866 (95% CI 0.821 to 0.883), respectively.

Conclusions

By extracting deep learning features from contrast enhanced and non-contrast enhanced CT, we constructed the LUNAI-fCT model as an imaging biomarker, which can non-invasively predict pathological complete response in neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for NSCLC.
The simplicities of some derivations
Authors: Sun Ruiyan , Yan Dan
Published: September 2024

In the paper, we prove that the derivation [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is simple iff the following conditions hold: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] there exist no [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text].
Integrating the Study of Polyploidy Across Organisms, Tissues, and Disease
Authors: Morris John P. , Baslan Timour , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Fox Donald T.
Published: September 2024

Polyploidy is a cellular state containing more than two complete chromosome sets. It has largely been studied as a discrete phenomenon in either organismal, tissue, or disease contexts. Increasingly, however, investigation of polyploidy across disciplines is coalescing around common principles. For example, the recent Polyploidy Across the Tree of Life meeting considered the contribution of polyploidy both in organismal evolution over millions of years and in tumorigenesis across much shorter timescales. Here, we build on this newfound integration with a unified discussion of polyploidy in organisms, cells, and disease. We highlight how common polyploidy is at multiple biological scales, thus eliminating the outdated mindset of its specialization. Additionally, we discuss rules that are likely common to all instances of polyploidy. With increasing appreciation that polyploidy is pervasive in nature and displays fascinating commonalities across diverse contexts, inquiry related to this important topic is rapidly becoming unified.
Placental Evolution: Innovating How to Feed Babies
Authors: Baker Julie C.
Published: September 2024

The evolution of the placenta was transformative. It changed how offspring are fed during gestation from depositing all the resources into an egg to continually supplying resources throughout gestation. Placental evolution is infinitely complex, with many moving parts, but at the core it is driven by a conflict over resources between the mother and the baby, which sets up a Red Queen race, fueling rapid diversification of morphological, cellular, and genetic forms. Placentas from even closely related species are highly divergent in form and function, and many cellular processes are distinct. If we could extract the entirety of genomic information for placentas across all species, including the many hundreds that have evolved in fish and reptiles, we could find their shared commonality, and that would tell us which of the many pieces really matter. We do not have this information, but we do have clues. Convergent evolution mechanisms were repeatedly used in the placenta, including the intense selective pressure to co-opt an envelope protein to build a multinucleated syncytium, the use of the same hormones and structural proteins in placentas derived from separate embryonic origins that arose hundreds of millions of years apart, and the co-option of endogenous retroviruses to form capsids as a way of transport and as mutagens to form new enhancers. As a result, the placental genome is the Wild West of biology, set up to rapidly change, adapt, and innovate. This ability to adapt facilitated the evolution of big babies with big brains and will continue to support offspring and their mothers in our ever-changing global environment.
Roadmap to Success: How Oomycete Plant Pathogens Invade Tissues and Deliver Effectors
Authors: Evangelisti Edouard , Govers Francine
Published: September 2024

Filamentous plant pathogens threaten global food security and ecosystem resilience. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in deciphering the molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions, especially the interplay between pathogens’ molecular weaponry and hosts’ defense machinery. Stemming from interdisciplinary investigations into the infection cell biology of filamentous plant pathogens, recent breakthrough discoveries have provided a new impetus to the field. These advances include the biophysical characterization of a novel invasion mechanism (i.e., naifu invasion) and the unraveling of novel effector secretion routes. On the plant side, progress includes the identification of components of cellular networks involved in the uptake of intracellular effectors. This exciting body of research underscores the pivotal role of logistics management by the pathogen throughout the infection cycle, encompassing the precolonization stages up to tissue invasion. More insight into these logistics opens new avenues for developing environmentally friendly crop protection strategies in an era marked by an imperative to reduce the use of agrochemicals.
Duodenal–Jejunal Bypass Restores Sweet Taste Receptor‐Mediated Glucose Sensing and Absorption in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Sun Sipeng , Wang Anping , Kou Rongguan , Xue Hantao , Zhao Xiangyu , Yang Ben , Shi Mengqi , Wang Yubing , Yan Qingtao , Qu Meihua , Wang Yi , Gao Zhiqin
Published: September 2024

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the regulatory role of intestinal sweet taste receptors (STRs) and glucose transporters (SGLT1, GLUT2) and gut peptide secretion in duodenal–jejunal bypass (DJB)–ameliorated glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: DJB and sham surgeries were performed in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic male rats. The blood GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 levels were evaluated under feeding and fasting conditions. The expression of STRs (T1R2, T1R3), sweet taste signaling effector (Gα‐gustducin), SGLT1, and GLUT2 was detected in the intestinal alimentary limb (A limb), biliopancreatic limb (BP limb), and common limb (C limb). The effects of STR inhibition on glucose control were measured with lactisole.

Results: Glucose tolerance was improved in DJB‐operated rats compared with the sham group, similar to that of normal control rats, without significant differences in food intake and body weight. The plasma GLP‐1 levels of DJB rats were increased under diet‐fed condition, and GLP‐2 levels were increased after fasting. The villus height and crypt depth were significantly increased in the A limb of DJB‐operated rats. In addition, GLP‐1 expression was restored in enterocytes. The expression of T1R2, Gα‐gustducin, and SGLT1 was elevated in the A limb after DJB, while GLUT2 was downregulated in the A, BP, and C limbs. The localization of GLUT2 was normalized in the three intestinal limbs after DJB. However, the beneficial effects of DJB on glucose control were abolished in the presence of lactisole in vivo.

Conclusion: DJB ameliorates glycemic control probably by restoring STR‐mediated glucose sensing and absorption with the responses of GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 to carbohydrate.
A MTInSAR‐Based Early Warning System to Appraise Deformations in Simply Supported Concrete Girder Bridges
Authors: Calò Mirko , Ruggieri Sergio , Nettis Andrea , Uva Giuseppina
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an early warning system to investigate deformations in simply supported concrete girder bridges over time, using the information content provided by satellite data, integrated with other available sources. The safety of the existing bridges is a priority for transportation management companies, which should carry out continuous and accurate monitoring campaigns, by exploiting traditional time‐ and cost‐consuming activities that cannot be widely applied to a bridge portfolio scale. To reduce management costs and to define reliable prioritization schemes, new cost‐effective technologies can be involved such as the satellite‐based Multi‐Temporal Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (MTInSAR). This technique can represent a valuable option for observing the displacements induced by different actions and to relate the identified behaviour to possible or future fails. This paper presents an early warning system aimed at exploring possible anomalies in simply supported reinforced concrete girder bridges by efficiently elaborating MTInSAR, combined with additional data (e.g., environmental temperature and structural information knowledge). The proposed framework allows manipulating the persistent scatterers’ information to derive longitudinal and vertical displacements over time. These are compared to appropriate thresholds leading to potential early warnings aimed at supporting road managers in undertaking future surveillance actions. The proposed procedure was tested on a case study, defined according to the most spread typology of bridges in Italy. This application highlights the advantages of the proposed framework which allows for a cost‐effective long‐term monitoring with outputs that can be automatically updated over time and suitable for network‐scale early warning detection.
Suoplementary Materials and Methods from RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Park Youngrok , Andrabi Shaida A. , Shelton Laura M. , Gilkes Daniele M. , Semenza Gregg L.
Published: September 2024

More detailed description of the abbreviated Materials and Methods that appears in the main text.
Figure S3 from Multistate Gene Cluster Switches Determine the Adaptive Mitochondrial and Metabolic Landscape of Breast Cancer
Authors: Menegollo Michela , Bentham Robert B. , Henriques Tiago , Ng Seow Q. , Ren Ziyu , Esculier Clarinde , Agarwal Sia , Tong Emily T.Y. , Lo Clement , Ilangovan Sanjana , Szabadkai Zorka , Suman Matteo , Patani Neill , Ghanate Avinash , Bryson Kevin , Stein Robert C. , Yuneva Mariia , Szabadkai Gyorgy
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S3
ARID1A-Deficient Tumors Acquire Immunogenic Neoantigens during the Development of Resistance to Targeted Therapy
Authors: Okada Masahiro , Yamasaki Satoru , Nakazato Hiroshi , Hirahara Yuhya , Ishibashi Takuya , Kawamura Masami , Shimizu Kanako , Fujii Shin-ichiro
Published: September 2024

Neoantigen-based immunotherapy is an attractive potential treatment for previously intractable tumors. To effectively broaden the application of this approach, stringent biomarkers are crucial to identify responsive patients. ARID1A, a frequently mutated subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been reported to determine tumor immunogenicity in some cohorts; however, mutations and deletions of ARID1A are not always linked to clinical responses to immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated immunotherapeutic responses based on ARID1A status in targeted therapy-resistant cancers. Mouse and human BRAFV600E melanomas with or without ARID1A expression were transformed into resistant to vemurafenib, an FDA-approved specific BRAFV600E inhibitor. Anti-PD-1 antibody treatment enhanced antitumor immune responses in vemurafenib-resistant ARID1A-deficient tumors but not in ARID1A-intact tumors or vemurafenib-sensitive ARID1A-deficient tumors. Neoantigens derived from accumulated somatic mutations during vemurafenib resistance were highly expressed in ARID1A-deficient tumors and promoted tumor immunogenicity. Furthermore, the newly generated neoantigens could be utilized as immunotherapeutic targets by vaccines. Finally, targeted therapy resistance–specific neoantigen in experimental human melanoma cells lacking ARID1A were validated to elicit T-cell receptor responses. Collectively, the classification of ARID1A-mutated tumors based on vemurafenib resistance as an additional indicator of immunotherapy response will enable a more accurate prediction to guide cancer treatment. Furthermore, the neoantigens that emerge with therapy resistance can be promising therapeutic targets for refractory tumors.

Significance: Chemotherapy resistance promotes the acquisition of immunogenic neoantigens in ARID1A-deficient tumors that confer sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade and can be utilized for developing antitumor vaccines, providing strategies to improve immunotherapy efficacy.
Supplementary Table S3 from MYTX-011: A pH-Dependent Anti–c-MET Antibody–Drug Conjugate Designed for Enhanced Payload Delivery to c-MET–Expressing Tumor Cells
Authors: Gera Nimish , Fitzgerald Kyle M. , Ramesh Vijay , Patel Purvi , Kanojia Deepak , Colombo Federico , Kien Lena , Aoyama Simon , Xu Lihui , Jean Jussekia , Deshpande Amit M. , Comb William C. , Chittenden Thomas , Fiske Brian P.
Published: September 2024

Selected xenograft models.
Supplementary Data Figure 4 from Radiation and Chemo-Sensitizing Effects of DNA-PK Inhibitors Are Proportional in Tumors and Normal Tissues
Authors: Baker Jennifer H.E. , Kyle Alastair H. , Liu Nannan A. , Wang Taixiang , Liu Xinhe , Teymori Sevin , Banáth Judit P. , Minchinton Andrew I.
Published: September 2024

DNA-PK inhibitors decrease radiation-induced DNA damage repair in multiple organs of ATMKO mice
Table S7 from HPN328, a Trispecific T Cell–Activating Protein Construct Targeting DLL3-Expressing Solid Tumors
Authors: Molloy Mary E. , Aaron Wade H. , Barath Manasi , Bush Mabel C. , Callihan Evan C. , Carlin Kevin , Cremin Michael , Evans Thomas , Guerrero Maria G. , Hemmati Golzar , Hundal Avneel S. , Lao Llewelyn , Laurie Payton , Lemon Bryan D. , Lin S.J. , O’Rear Jessica , Patnaik Purbasa , Sotelo Rocha Sony , Santiago Linda , Strobel Kathryn L. , Valenzuela Laura B. , Wu Chi-Heng , Yu Stephen , Yu Timothy Z. , Anand Banmeet S. , Law Che-Leung , Sun Liping L. , Wesche Holger , Austin Richard J.
Published: September 2024

EC50 Values for HPN328 induced expression of TNF⍺ and IFNγ.
Figure S6 from Intrinsic Epigenetic State of Primary Osteosarcoma Drives Metastasis
Authors: Singh Irtisha , Rainusso Nino , Kurenbekova Lyazat , Nirala Bikesh K. , Dou Juan , Muruganandham Abhinaya , Yustein Jason T.
Published: September 2024

Genomic regions with reduced chromatin activity.
Figure S5 from Mechanisms of Glioblastoma Replication: Ca2+ Flares and Cl− Currents
Authors: Li Yunzhen , Sanchez Triviño Cesar Adolfo , Hernandez Andres , Mortal Simone , Spada Federica , Krivosheia Ilona , Franco Nicoletta , Spelat Renza , Cesselli Daniela , Manini Ivana , Skrap Miran , Menini Anna , Cesca Fabrizia , Torre Vincent
Published: September 2024

Comparison of electrophysiological currents with CsCl- and KCl-based intracellular solutions.
Figure S10 from Clinically Relevant Humanized Mouse Models of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Facilitate Therapeutic Evaluation
Authors: Kostlan Raymond J. , Phoenix John T. , Budreika Audris , Ferrari Marina G. , Khurana Neetika , Choi Jae E. , Juckette Kristin , Mahapatra Somnath , McCollum Brooke L. , Moskal Russell , Mannan Rahul , Qiao Yuanyuan , Vander Griend Donald J. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Kregel Steven
Published: September 2024

Immune-profile of T-cells in huNOG-EXL spleen.
Supplementary Table S3 from Effect of Clonal Hematopoiesis Mutations and Canakinumab Treatment on Incidence of Solid Tumors in the CANTOS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Woo Janghee , Zhai Tingting , Yang Fang , Xu Huilei , Healey Margaret L. , Yates Denise P. , Beste Michael T. , Steensma David P.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Table S3 shows the baseline characteristics of patients by CH mutations and treatment.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Effect of Clonal Hematopoiesis Mutations and Canakinumab Treatment on Incidence of Solid Tumors in the CANTOS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Woo Janghee , Zhai Tingting , Yang Fang , Xu Huilei , Healey Margaret L. , Yates Denise P. , Beste Michael T. , Steensma David P.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S1 shows cumulative incidence of at least one malignancy by treatment, stratified by the canakinumab dose.
Table S4 from A Next-Generation BRAF Inhibitor Overcomes Resistance to BRAF Inhibition in Patients with BRAF-Mutant Cancers Using Pharmacokinetics-Informed Dose Escalation
Authors: Yaeger Rona , McKean Meredith A. , Haq Rizwan , Beck J. Thaddeus , Taylor Matthew H. , Cohen Jonathan E. , Bowles Daniel W. , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Diamond Eli L. , Sturtz Keren B. , Feng Gang , Drescher Stefanie K. , Reddy Micaela B. , Sengupta Bhaswati , Maity Arnab K. , Brown Suzy A. , Singh Anurag , Brown Eric N. , Baer Brian R. , Wong Jim , Mou Tung-Chung , Wu Wen-I , Kahn Dean R. , Gadal Sunyana , Rosen Neal , Gaudino John J. , Lee Patrice A. , Hartley Dylan P. , Rothenberg S. Michael
Published: September 2024

Table S4. Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (≥3 patients) with PF-07799933 monotherapy and combination therapy
Supplementary Figure S5 from Identification of Clonal Hematopoiesis Driver Mutations through In Silico Saturation Mutagenesis
Authors: Demajo Santiago , Ramis-Zaldivar Joan E. , Muiños Ferran , Grau Miguel L. , Andrianova Maria , López-Bigas Núria , González-Pérez Abel
Published: September 2024

Distribution and classification of observed mutations along the protein sequence of 10 CH driver genes
Supplementary Figure S13 from A Functional Survey of the Regulatory Landscape of Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Evolution
Authors: Barozzi Iros , Slaven Neil , Canale Eleonora , Lopes Rui , Amorim Monteiro Barbosa Inês , Bleu Melusine , Ivanoiu Diana , Pacini Claudia , Mensa’ Emanuela , Chambers Alfie , Bravaccini Sara , Ravaioli Sara , Győrffy Balázs , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Pruneri Giancarlo , Galli Giorgio Giacomo , Magnani Luca
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure 13. The promoters of genes belonging to the TLR5 cascade are active in ER+ breast cancer patients.
Supplementary Figure S11 from A Functional Survey of the Regulatory Landscape of Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Evolution
Authors: Barozzi Iros , Slaven Neil , Canale Eleonora , Lopes Rui , Amorim Monteiro Barbosa Inês , Bleu Melusine , Ivanoiu Diana , Pacini Claudia , Mensa’ Emanuela , Chambers Alfie , Bravaccini Sara , Ravaioli Sara , Győrffy Balázs , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Pruneri Giancarlo , Galli Giorgio Giacomo , Magnani Luca
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure 11. Validation of DF and IF SIDP hits.
Supplementary Tables Legend from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: September 2024

Legend for Supplementary Tables
Long-Term Response of Lorlatinib to Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Fusion Positive Non-Small Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Fujiwara Yutaka , Masago Katsuhiro , Matsuzawa Reiko , Yamaguchi Teppei , Watanabe Naohiro , Shimizu Junichi , Sasaki Eiichi , Horio Yoshitsugu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are at increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis at initial diagnosis and throughout treatment. In a phase 3 trial, lorlatinib, a third-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly improved progression-free survival. In further analysis, lorlatinib revealed superior intracranial efficacy and prolonged time to intracranial progression compared with crizotinib. Case Presentation: Herein, we report a case of ALK-positive NSCLC with leptomeningeal metastasis that was successfully treated with lorlatinib after progression to brigatinib and alectinib. This case demonstrates the potential of lorlatinib in managing leptomeningeal metastasis in ALK-positive NSCLC. Conclusion: The case suggests a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches for CNS metastasis, including brain and leptomeningeal metastases.
Pancreatoduodenectomy for Cholangiocarcinoma during Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: El Tahir Omaima , Bonomi Alessandro M. , van der Wielen N. , Wielenga Thijs , Munoz Brands Rutger M. , le Large Tessa Y.S. , Besselink Marc G.H. , Busch Olivier R. ,   for HPB-Amsterdam
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma during pregnancy is an extremely rare entity with poor prognosis. Limited data are available regarding the diagnosis, progression, and pregnancy-related outcomes. Case Presentation: We present a case of mid-to-distal cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed by endosonographically guided biopsy during pregnancy at 15 weeks of gestation. Pregnancy termination was considered but based on multidisciplinary team and shared decision-making, surgery was performed during pregnancy. The patient underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with radical resection at 17 weeks of gestation. The postoperative period was complicated by a grade B postoperative pancreatic fistula treated by antibiotics only. At 39 weeks of gestation, a cesarean section was performed and a healthy boy was delivered. Conclusion: Decision-making on whether to perform a pancreatoduodenectomy in pregnant patients is challenging. This case report is the first to report on successful pancreatoduodenectomy during pregnancy for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Moreover, this case highlights the second trimester as favorable period for surgical intervention and the importance of close follow-up and diagnostic assessment of pregnant patients with unexplained and persistent abnormal liver function tests.
Topoanálise dos Sertões do Sertão: Geoliteratura e Ontologia
Authors: Araújo Gilvan Charles Cerqueira de , Suzuki Júlio César
Published: September 2024

A obra Topoanálise dos Sertões do Sertão está estruturada com foco no aprofundamento e aplicação de uma teoria e metodologia topoanalítica, (composta pela união entre geografia e literatura e a ontologia fenomenológica) ao conceito de sertão, em obras como Os Sertões de Euclides de Cunha, Grande Sertão Veredas de Guimarães Rosa e Vidas Secas de Graciliano Ramos. Para tanto, foram dispostos, num plano de dialogia interdisciplinar e complementação mútua, elementos teóricos e epistemológicos do pensamento geográfico com contribuições vindas da análise literária e estudos linguísticos, por meio da incorporação das contribuições do pensamento e método fenomenológico de autores como Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre e Maurice Merleau-Ponty, que fornecem o subsídio epistemológico da topoanálise dos sertões do sertão na geoliteratura na conjuntura de uma compreensão do ser social a partir da linguagem e arte literária. A demanda por um diálogo entre diferentes saberes e campos científicos estão presentes nesta análise, na forma de uma junção de especialidades das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, especialmente no que se refere à Geografia, Literatura e Filosofia, que dialogam com diferentes teorias, saberes e práticas.