bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito da irrigação sobre o rendimento produtivo da alface americana, em cultivo protegido
Authors: Lima Júnior Joaquim A. de , Pereira Geraldo M. , Geisenhoff Luciano O. , Costa Gustavo G. , Vilas Boas Renato C. , Yuri Jony E.
Published: August 2010

Visando reduzir as dificuldades do produtor no cultivo da alface americana, especificamente quanto à falta de informações técnicas sobre a quantidade de água a ser aplicada, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de água referentes às características produtivas da alface americana. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Lavras, no período de março a maio de 2008, em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco fatores de evaporação, correspondentes a 0,30, 0,60, 0,90, 1,20 e 1,50 EVm (lâmina evaporada), baseado na lâmina evaporada de um minitanque. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o número de folhas internas e a circunferência da cabeça comercial tiveram resposta quadrática aos tratamentos, com valores máximos alcançados entre o intervalo de 0,95 a 1,10 de reposição da lâmina evaporada; a máxima produtividade comercial, 35.308 kg ha-1, foi estimada com a aplicação da lâmina de 204,3 mm, correspondente ao fator de reposição de 1,01; a maior eficiência no uso da água (563,07 kg ha-1 mm-1) ocorreu com a aplicação da lâmina de irrigação, de 74,53 mm (0,30).
Adsorção e deslocamento do íon cádmio em solos do cerrado
Authors: Oliveira Luiz F. C. , Lemke-de-Castro Mara L. , Rodrigues Cristiane , Borges Jácomo D.
Published: August 2010

Comumente, o cádmio é encontrado em resíduos industriais e urbanos, lodo de esgoto e fertilizantes que, quando dispostos no solo, podem representar riscos de poluição do solo e água. Propôs-se, neste trabalho, analisar a adsorção e o deslocamento do íon cádmio nos Latossolo Vermelho Acriférrico, Argissolo Vermelho Eutrófico, Nitossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico e Neossolo Quartzarênico, encontrados em áreas de cultivo do Estado de Goiás. Para a determinação da quantidade de cádmio adsorvido, 50 mL de solução de CaCl2.2H2O (0,01 mol L-1) com diferentes concentrações de Cd (0,10; 1,80; 19,00; 46,60 e 105,70 mg L-1) foram adicionados a 5,0 mL de terra fina secada em estufa e agitados 24 h; cuja sorção foi avaliada pelos modelos potencias e lineares da isoterma Freundlich. No ensaio do transporte utilizou-se uma deslocadora de Cd, em colunas de solo, na concentração de 105,70 mg L-1, em que os fatores de retardamento (R) e coeficientes de dispersão hidrodinâmica (D), foram ajustados pela minimização da soma dos quadrados dos desvios entre as curvas de eluição experimental e simulada. Tanto as isotermas lineares e potenciais como os parâmetros de transporte R e D apresentaram bom ajuste para descrever a adsorção e o deslocamento do Cd nas diferentes classes de solo estudadas. O Neossolo apresentou retenção menor do Cd em comparação com as demais classes de solo sendo, portanto, mais vulnerável à contaminação das águas subterrâneas, seguido do Latossolo, Argissolo e Nitossolo.
O desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais em diferentes modelos gerenciais de subsidiárias de empresas multinacionais Brasileiras
Authors: Borini Felipe Mendes , Fleury Maria Tereza Leme
Published: August 2010

O objetivo deste artigo é entender quais são os modelos gerenciais para desenvolver diferentes tipos de competências em empresas multinacionais brasileiras. A premissa principal que sustenta o artigo é que as multinacionais brasileiras necessitam desenvolver competências não locais em suas subsidiárias, como forma de competir em igualdade de condições com multinacionais já estabelecidas no mercado global. O artigo se baseia em pesquisa survey, realizada com sessenta e seis subsidiárias estrangeiras de trinta multinacionais de origem brasileira. Os resultados mostram que o desenvolvimento de competências não locais está associado a quatro fatores essenciais para distinguir esse tipo de competência das demais. As subsidiárias com competências não locais mostram maior inserção da subsidiária em redes de negócios no exterior, localização em contextos competitivos dinâmicos, maior intensidade de iniciativas próprias e forte integração entre matriz e subsidiárias. A falta de iniciativas e a localização em contextos adversos caracterizam o desenvolvimento de competências específicas, enquanto a menor inserção da subsidiária em redes no exterior e a menor integração com a rede interna caracterizam a formação de competências locais.
Restructured fish product from white croacker (Micropogonias furnieri) mince using microbial transglutaminas
Authors: Gonçalves Alex Augusto , Passos Marcelo Gonzalez
Published: August 2010

This study aimed at determining the influence of three concentrations of commercial transglutaminase enzyme in restructured fillet of minced fish from white croacker (Micropogonias furnieri), one of the four marine species with notability in Brazil. The restructured fillet developed had advantages when compared to traditional fillet, such as absence of spine and less flavour intensity (washes cycles). Washing process for white croacker mince was compared with five clarification agents: water (control), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). The higher quality product (whiteness) was obtained with calcium carbonate washes. Three concentrations (1.5, 1.0 and 0.5%) of microbial transglutaminase MGTase (Active TG-B %v/v and Active TG-BP %w/w) were compared, in order to produce fish restructured product (boneless fillet). The concentration of 1.5% (both enzymes), produced better results. The restructured products were compared by sensory analysis and showed better sensory parameters (appearance, odour, flavour and texture) samples treated with Active TG-B (solution form).
Cetacean records along São Paulo state coast, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Marcos César de Oliveira , Siciliano Salvatore , Vicente André Fabiano de Castro , Alvarenga Fernando Siqueira , Zampirolli Émerson , Souza Shirley Pacheco de , Maranho Andréa
Published: August 2010

The São Paulo state (SP) coast (23º18'S, 44º42'W; 25º14'S, 48º01'W) is of approximately 600 km in length, bordering the Western Atlantic Ocean, in southeastern Brazil. Cetacean sightings and strandings have long been observed throughout this area. Scattered data from scientific publications, skeletal remains in museums, photographs and articles from newspaper files, universities and aquaria have been organised and updated since 1993. Field investigations on strandings and sightings have also been conducted. A total of 29 cetacean species have been recorded, including 7 baleen whales (Mysticeti) and 22 toothed whales (Odontoceti), as follows: Balaenoptera physalus, B. borealis, B. edeni, B. acutorostrata, B. bonaerensis, Megaptera novaeangliae, Eubalaena australis, Physeter macrocephalus, Kogia breviceps, K. sima, Berardius arnuxii, Mesoplodon europaeus, M. mirus, Ziphius cavirostris, Orcinus orca, Feresa attenuata, Globicephala melas, G. macrorhynchus, Pseudorca crassidens, Delphinus capensis, Lagenodelphis hosei, Steno bredanensis, Tursiops truncatus, Stenella frontalis, S. longirostris, S. coeruleoalba, Lissodelphis peronii, Sotalia guianensis and Pontoporia blainvillei. Several species have been observed only once and include strays from their areas of common distribution, as well as species with known preferences for offshore distribution. Others, such as P. blainvillei and S. guianensis, are common coastal dwellers year-round. Z. cavirostris, P. crassidens and L. hosei are reported for the first time on the SP coast.
Enemy under My Skin: Eileen Chang'sLust, Cautionand the Politics of Transcendence
Authors: Lee Haiyan
Published: August 2010

Emmanuel Levinas's ethical philosophy, particularly his notions of transcendence and the “face of the other,” illuminates Eileen Chang's short storyLust, Caution(Se, jie) and, to a lesser extent, Ang Lee's film adaptation.Lust, Cautiontells of an assassination plot against a collaborator with the Japanese during the second Sino–Japanese War in which the heroine's fatal decision to let go of her enemy results in the deaths of herself and her comrades. The story problematizes the status of the personal and ethical in times of war, occupation, and resistance through the heroine's path from the collective anonymity of national salvation to the theatrical solitude of underground activism and the intersubjective encounter with the face of the other. Also relevant is Hannah Arendt's theory of the (bourgeois) social, which in conjunction with its feminist revision prompts reflections on women's space of action in “dark times.”
Literary Studies on the Terraqueous Globe
Authors: Cohen Margaret
Published: August 2010

At the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century, the Philosopher Francis Bacon Cited the Nautical Compass, Enabling Cross-Ocean travel, as one of three technologies that had changed “the whole face and state of things throughout the world,” more influential than any “empire … sect… or star” (the others were gunpowder and the printing press [118]). Bacon was not overstating the importance of saltwater transport networks in the forging of global modernity. Across an era spanning from Columbus and Vasco da Gama to the twentieth century, the maritime world was a frontier of capitalism and colonial expansion. Goods, people, and information moved across the oceans of the globe, exploiting what was called “the freedom of the seas,” even as nations warred on each other's ships for control of trade routes and coastal access. The immense wealth and power at stake in maritime transport led governments and companies to pour resources into research and development, making the maritime world one of modernity's ongoing frontiers of science and technology. It was also a great reservoir of books, narratives, and fantasy. Occurring in an environment that few could access yet that affected the lives of so many, sea voyages piqued the curiosity of stay-at-home audiences. As global ocean travel grew up together with the printing press, armchair sailors combed sea voyage literature, factual and fictional, for strange, surprising adventures as well as for information about world-altering developments and events recounted in what was called “news from the sea.”
Sea Power
Authors: Connery Christopher
Published: August 2010

There is no More Sea Power. What Kind of Awe can a Fleet or an Aircraft Carrier inspire in the Nuclear Age, Whose Blasts have given a new character to military majesty and sublimity and whose marine vehicles are hidden beneath the waves? Nor do the ocean-girding voyages of global commerce offer a sense of majesty, the neat stacks of containers rising high above the decks being mere floating versions of the endless stacks at the prosaic, crane-filled ports of Busan, Long Beach, Elizabeth, or Singapore. The sea is full of transport, labor, and industry, but spectacle has moved elsewhere: what remains of the nautical in the visual media is the nostalgic sublimity of sinking ships or historical reenactments of blue-water glory. As if to underscore this vacuum of hegemonic maritime power in an age of shock and awe, the pirates of Puntland and Sulu still have their way in the Gulf of Aden and the Strait of Malacca, as they have for centuries. Latter-day posturing by the epigones of interstate maritime power contenders approaches farce, as in the struggle for the Arctic, joined by Russia, Canada, the United States, Denmark, and Norway, punctuated by Russian flags at the bottom of the sea and by the specter of Danish military incursion into what Canada claims as its sovereign territory (Craciun).
The Frozen Ocean
Authors: Craciun Adriana
Published: August 2010

We'll get crushed by the ocean but it will not get us wet.

—Isaac Brock, “Invisible” (2007)

“There is no Sea With Which Our Age is So Imperfectly Acquainted as the Frozen Ocean,” Wrote the Eighteenth-Century Russian hydrographer Gavriil Sarychev, “and no empire which has more powerful motives and resources for extending its information, in this quarter, than Russia” (iii). Russia's Great Northern Expedition of the 1730s and later expeditions, like Sarychev's in 1785, mapped the shores of the Arctic Ocean across continental Asia, an impressive feat by any century's standards. Meanwhile, the American shores of the Arctic Ocean remained entirely unknown to the European empires (England, France, Spain) most interested in passing to and from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans via the Northwest and Northeast passages. Alexander MacKenzie, Samuel Hearne, and John Franklin, each traveling with native people, walked thousands of miles to reach the Frozen Ocean, leaving in their wake the occasional human disaster and an unimpeachable record of publishing successes, like MacKenzie's Voyages from Montreal to the Frozen Ocean (1801) and Franklin's Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea (1824).
Placing and Displacing Jewish Studies: Notes on the Future of a Field
Authors: Morris Leslie
Published: August 2010

Let Me Begin with a Decidedly Non-Jewish Reference, in Order to Both Place and Displace Jewish Studies. In Italo Calvino'sInvisible Cities, an evocation of imaginary places that emerge and recede from memory, all eventually turning out to be the same place, Marco Polo says to Kubla Kahn, in response to the charge that he has not spoken of Venice: “Every time I describe a city I am saying something about Venice” (86). The notion of Venice as implicit in every city strikes me as an apt analogy for what I will be claiming as the possible relation between Jewish studies and literary studies. As a faculty member housed in a national literature department (German) at a public research university dominated by a biennial funding battle with the state legislature, I move between reading the minutes of the University Senate and reading Calvino'sInvisible Citiesin order to imagine the invisible universities or invisible studies beyond the prairie and, indeed, beyond the notion of the university (and the humanities) in ruin.
Under Whose Sign? Hebraism and Yiddishism as Paradigms of Modern Jewish Literary History
Authors: Norich Anita
Published: August 2010

In 1974 the Yiddish Poet Malka Heifetz Tussman, Born in Russia, Living in California, Published a Small Volume of Poems in Israel. This peripatetic author and text are paradigmatic of the cosmopolitan, multilingual nature of modern Jewish literature. The book, by a woman who was at various times a Yiddish teacher, an anarchist, and a writer of Russian poetry and English essays, was entitled‘Under Your Sign.’ As the title indicates, the politics and poetics of sign systems are central concerns of this volume. I offer a few stanzas from one of its poems—‘Widowhood’—to suggest the multiplicity of the signs of Jewish identity and literature. What we see in Tussman's poem, and more dramatically when we supplement it with two English translations, is that although it rails against the ways in which the sign (e.g., letter, word, trope) destroys, it also points to the sign's generative powers. And the poem offers a way of understanding the creative tensions that have dominated critical and creative expressions of modern Jewish literature. Under the signs of “Hebraism” and “Yiddishism,” we encounter two conflicting but equally productive views of Jewish literature, one that posits continuity and another that posits adaptation as the defining characteristic of Jewish culture. Tussman's poem, like these different paradigms of Jewish literary history, enables us to use the sign as a way of overcoming the divide between two languages and two views of the (Jewish and non-Jewish) world. My goal in what follows is not to protest against the reign of the sign on behalf of some notion of Jewish authenticity. To the contrary, I propose yet another sign—structured as a binary—to highlight the ambivalence of the sign “Jewish literature” and to stimulate debate about matters Jewish and what matters to Jews.
Modelling systems of reservoirs using structured Markov chains
Authors: Piantadosi J. , Howlett P. G. , Bean N. G. , Beecham S.
Published: August 2010

The management of three connected reservoirs for the capture, storage and supply of urban stormwater is modelled using a pump-to-fill policy that minimises the volume of water lost to overflow. A discrete state Markov model is used with constant daily demand from the supply reservoir and stochastic inflow to the capture reservoir. The pump-to-fill policy is completely deterministic and depends only on the current volume in the supply, storage and capture reservoirs. By judicious ordering of the states the very large transition matrix is shown to possess a nested block upper Hessenberg structure. Standard censoring methods reduce the analysis of the system to a characteristic sequence of full-to-full transitions for the supply reservoir. The nested block structure of the original transition matrix is captured using special recursive algebraic procedures that enable a further reduction to a sequence of simultaneous full-to-full transitions for the supply and storage reservoirs. Capabilities of the model are demonstrated through application to a hypothetical three-reservoir network for the capture and supply of water. The methods proposed in this paper could be used to calculate the steady-state probabilities for three-reservoir storage systems and could assist projections for future water supply capabilities. This paper also provides insight into how the analysis could be extended to systems of more than three reservoirs.
10.2: Invited Paper: Flexible E‐Books
Authors: French Ian
Published: August 2010

The first generation ofe‐Books used glass‐based TFTs for active‐matrix multiplexing. These had good optical performance and benefitted from using the same manufacturing infrastructure as TFT‐LCDs. We have now developed flexible e‐books that are lighter and more robust and which are manufactured using most of the same equipment and processes.
69.4: Superior Cuttability Performance of Jade™ Glass for Thin and Strong Mobile Displays
Authors: Ono Toshihiko , Pai Gina , Teng Oga , Gildea Mike , Zenteno Laura , Helfinstine John , Gulati Suresh
Published: August 2010

In addition to thermal stability of Corning's Jade™ glass, its cuttability is better suited for mobile displays with thin panels. The key focus of this paper is to provide cuttability data for thin Jade glass substrates. These data confirm that Jade offers easier panel separation than that for a‐Si glasses without compromising panel strength.
P‐9: Numerical Analysis on Temperature Dependence of Characteristics of Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFT
Authors: Godo Hiromichi , Kawae Daisuke , Yoshitomi Shuhei , Sasaki Toshinari , Ito Shunichi , Ohara Hiroki , Miyanaga Akiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2010

We fabricated inverted‐staggered amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO) TFTs and measured temperature dependence of the TFT characteristics. A Vth shift between 120°C and 180°C was as large as about 4 V. In the analysis with 2‐D numerical simulation, we could reproduce the measured result by assuming two kinds of donor‐like states as carrier generation sources.
P‐21: High Stability and Device Design for Self‐Heating Reduction of a‐Si:H TFT
Authors: Wei Chuan‐Sheng , Chiu Chao‐Chien , Shen Guang‐Ren , Chiou Shiao‐Hao , Chen Pei Ming , Shih Ching‐Chieh , Liu Sheng Chao , Lee Yeong‐Shyang , Chen Jim‐Shone , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: August 2010

High performance a‐Si:H TFT with properly SiNx deposition and low deposition rate of a‐Si:H for high stability has been improved. Otherwise, large device dimension accompany milliamperes current caused joule heating degradation device reliability. Fine design for promoting reliability for self‐heating reduction was also investigated. Square‐like a‐Si:H active layer induces higher turn‐on current than rectangular‐like one degraded the device reliability. Applied the good performance TFTs to driver application is good enough for high temperature of 85 °Coperation.
11.4: A Quality‐Scalable Depth‐Aware Video Processing System
Authors: Cheng Chao‐Chung , Li Chung‐Te , Tsai Yi‐Min , Chen Liang‐Gee
Published: August 2010

The three‐dimensional (3D) displays provide a dramatic improvement of visual quality over the 2D displays. To produce high quality three‐dimensional contents, depth map generation is the major issue in content creation. In this paper, we propose a quality‐scalable depth‐aware video processing system which retrieves depth maps using hybrid depth cues from single view video content. The system uses a hardware‐oriented algorithm and generates spectacular and comfortable results. with the help of the depth map, 2D videos can be converted to 3D format and can be displayed in 3D/Stereoscopic displays by depth image‐based rendering technique. Moreover, for conventional 2D displays, we also propose a 2D video depth perception enhancement application. with the depth‐dependent parameter adjustment, the stereo effect of the 2D content is also enhanced.
P‐153: Exciton Distribution and Microcavity Effects in Designing Top Emitting OLED Devices
Authors: Khayrullin Ilyas I. , Ali Tariq A. , Vazan Fridrich , Ghosh Amalkumar P.
Published: August 2010

Micro‐cavity and exciton distribution are investigated in top‐emitting organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices having a highly reflective anode patterned over silicon wafers. A narrow (delta‐doped) sensing layer method was used to obtain the exciton distribution profile for various dopant combinations using a single or a double emissive layer. Results are compared to OLED with lower reflectivity anode. The exciton diffusion length plays a critical role in tuning the color coordinates of the emitted light when multiple emission layers are used in combination with microcavity to achieve a white top emitter OLED.
4.2: Flexible Electronic Skin Display
Authors: Montbach Erica , Pishnyak Oleg , Lightfoot Mark , Miller Nick , Khan Asad , Doane J. William
Published: August 2010

Reflex™ electronic skin displays can be conformed to cover the case of electronic consumer devices allowing the consumer to instantaneously switch the case color electronically. These displays have inherent reflective color and an ultra thin and flexible form factor. The optical performance, environmental ruggedness, and conformability of these displays are presented.
P‐167: Effect of Energy Level of Hole‐Blocking Layer on the Electroluminescence Characteristics of Highly Soluble Ir(III) Complex Based Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Young Wook , Kim Young Min , Choi Jin Hwan , Park Tae Hyun , Jung Jin Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: August 2010

In this report, we've demonstrated the highly efficient electroluminescence (EL) of highly soluble Iridium(III) tris(9‐(6‐ Phenyl‐pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐9H‐Carbazole) based polymer light‐ emitting diodes utilizing balanced carrier distribution and exciton confinement by controlling energy level of hole blocking layer. By applying wide band gap hole‐blocking material of 3‐(4‐ biphenylyl)‐4‐phenyl‐5‐tert‐butylphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole, the EL efficiency was remarkably improved than with the 2,9‐dimethyl‐ 4,7‐diphenyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline.
P‐197L: Late‐News Poster: 0° to 100° in 33 ms: Electronically‐Adjustable Throw Angle in a Scanning Fiber Pico Projector
Authors: Schowengerdt Brian T. , Lee Cameron M. , Johnston Richard S. , Melville C. David , Seibel Eric J.
Published: August 2010

Mobile pico projectors need to project on surfaces at a variety of distances, for which different throw angles produce optimal image size and brightness. By electronically adjusting the peak drive voltage to our 1‐mm x 9‐mm scanning fiber engine, we demonstrate rapid (resolution‐maintaining) rescaling of throw angles up to 100°.
27.3: A Decoupling Driving Scheme for Low Voltage Stress in Driving a Large‐Area High‐Resolution Electrowetting Display
Authors: Liang Chao‐Chiun , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Chiu Yung‐Hsiang , Chen Heng‐Yin , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Lee Wei‐Yen
Published: August 2010

To reduce voltage stress on TFT backplane of electrowetting displays, this paper develops a decoupling driving scheme to diminish the induced voltage stress and allow AC common to reduce the required output voltage from driver IC. Satisfactory results can be obtained on a largest area and highest resolution electrowetting display.
32.1: Invited Paper: LCD Embedded Hybrid Touch Screen Panel Based on a‐Si:H TFT
Authors: You Bong Hyun , Lee Byoung Jun , Lee Jae Hoon , Koh Jai Hyun , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Takahashi Seiki , Kim Nam Deog , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo
Published: August 2010

A new hybrid‐type touch screen panel (TSP) has been developed based on a‐Si:H TFT which can detect the change of both CLC and photo‐current. This TSP can detect the difference of CLC between touch and no‐touch states in unfavorable conditions such as dark ambient light and shadows. The hybrid TSP sensor consists of a detection area which includes one TFT for photo sensing and two TFTs for amplification. Compared to a single internal capacitive TSP or an optical sensing TSP, this new proposed hybrid‐type TSP enables larger sensing margin due to embedding of both optical and capacitive sensors.
34.4L:Late‐News Paper: Polarization Independent Projection Systems Using Thin Film Polymer Polarization Gratings and Standard Liquid Crystal Microdisplays
Authors: Komanduri Ravi K. , Oh Chulwoo , Escuti Michael J.
Published: August 2010

We report on our progress in using polymer Polarization Gratings (PGs) to enhance the brightness of standard Liquid Crystal (LC) microdisplays. By replacing conventional polarizers with PGs, high transmittance (>85%) and contrast ratios (>300:1) can be achieved with common LC modes and unpolarized input light. Using this approach, we demonstrate a polymer‐PG projection display prototype with double the brightness compared to a polarizer‐based system using the same illumination (input acceptance angles≥±15°).
45.1 Fabrication of Fast Switchable Patterned Vertical Alignment Mode Using Modified Surface with Reactive Mesogen
Authors: Lee You‐Jin , Kim Young‐Ki , Yu Chang‐Jae , Jo Soo In , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: August 2010

We proposed a new fast switchable patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode using UV curable reactive mesogen (RM) which was mixed with vertical alignment layer. In this mixed alignment layer, the pretilt angle was controlled according to an applied voltage during UV exposure for curing the RM. As a result, the response time was dramatically improved at the whole grey levels by controlling the pretilt angle in conventional PVA mode.
52.1: Invited Paper: Advanced MVA III Technology for High‐Quality LCD TVs
Authors: Chen Te‐Sheng , Huang Chien‐Wei , Hsieh Chung‐Ching , Huang Bo‐Hsun , Jian Jia‐Hau , Chan Te‐Wei , Tsao Cheng‐Han , Chen Chieh‐Wei , Chen Chao‐Yuan , Chiu Chih‐Ho , Pai Chia‐Hsuan , Jaw Jyh‐Hong , Lin Hsi‐Chien , Chiu Chung‐Yi , Su Jenn‐Jia , Norio Sugiura , Chang Ting‐Jui , Liau Wei‐Lung , Lien Alan
Published: August 2010

An advanced MVA technology, AMVA III (AUO or Advanced MVA generation III) which is a protrusion‐free technology has been developed. The AMVA III TFT‐LCD panel has high optical transmittance (20% higher than conventional MVA), high static contrast ratio (>8000:1), fast response time, low color washout, and substantially free from motion blur. This advanced technology is newly launched for mass‐production in LCD‐TV.
54.2: The Effect of Crosstalk for Stereoscopic 3D “Dynamic” Moving Images
Authors: Chiang Chieh‐Yao , Chen Kuo‐Tsung , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai
Published: August 2010

Cross‐talk much affects the quality of stereoscopic 3D images. The dynamic cross‐talk effect of 3D moving images with various Z‐direction speed was reported and discussed. Additionally, the visual depth of static and dynamic images was compared with various cross‐talk levels.
54.3: The Effect of Viewing Duration on Visual Comfort with Near‐To‐Eye Displays
Authors: Aaltonen Viljakaisa , Pölönen Monika
Published: August 2010

We tested the effect of viewing duration to the user experience and visual comfort with NED. Nineteen participants viewed “The Queen” for 40 and 95 minutes. Longer viewing time produced more sickness and visual strain symptoms but in general the symptom levels remained low and the experience was pleasant.
58.1: A 4.1‐Inch Flexible QVGA AMOLED Using a Microcrystalline‐Si:H TFT on a Polyimide Substrate
Authors: Huang Jung‐Jie , Chen Yung‐Pei , Huang Yeh‐Shih , Hu Guo‐Ren , Lin Chen‐Wei , Chen Yu‐Jen , Lee Po‐Feng , Tsai Cheng‐Ju , Liu Chan‐Jui , Yao Hsiao‐Chiang , Ho King‐Yuan , Kung Bo‐Cheng , Peng Shih‐Yung , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Yan Jing‐Yi , Yeh Shu‐Tang , Pan Heng‐Lin , Cheng Hua‐Chi , Lee Cheng‐Chung
Published: August 2010

A 4.1‐inch flexible QVGA AMOLED display with microcrystalline silicon (μc‐Si:H) TFTs backplane on colorless polyamide (PI) substrate is demonstrated. The PI substrate has the features of high Tg(∼350°C) and high light transmittance (∼90%). The bottom‐gate μc‐Si:H TFTs backplane is fabricated at 200°C by a conventional (13.56 MHz) plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. The flexible μc‐Si:H TFTs backplane shows better electrical stability, flexibility, and uniformity.
58.3: Fabrication of Zinc Tin Oxide TFTs by Self‐Aligned Imprint Lithography (SAIL) on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Jackson Warren , Taussig Carl , Elder Rich , Tong William M. , Hoffman Randy , Emery Tim , Smith Dan , Koch Tim
Published: August 2010

Zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) provide attractive performance and are suitable for low‐temperature processes compatible with flexible “plastic” substrates. We report our progress in integrating ZTO into our SAIL process to produce high‐performance TFT on flexible substrates.
60.3: Two‐Stacked White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Consisting of Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Hybrid Structure with High Efficiency and Good Color Characteristics
Authors: Pieh Sung‐Hoon , Kim Myung‐Seop , Sung Chang‐Je , Seo Jeong‐Dae , Choi Hong‐Seok , Han Chang‐Wook , Tak Yoon‐Heung
Published: August 2010

We report an improved bottom‐emission two‐stacked white OLED structure consisting of one unit emitting fluorescent blue light and the other unit emitting phosphorescent yellow in one‐host and two‐dopant (R+G) system. By searching EL condition optimizing both phosphorescent green and red dopants within just one light‐emitting layer, we can get WOLEDs suitable for a display application with very high current and power efficiencies, and excellent color characteristics. Our device exhibits high external quantum efficiency of 28.8%, current efficiency of 56.5 cd/A, and power efficiency of 30 lm/W at 5.9 V and 1000 nit where color point is (0.368, 0.385) in x‐y color space (CIE 1931). Half‐lifetime (LT50) of the device at 1000 nit is estimated more than 31,000 hrs and color variation by aging is suppressed within less than 0.02 in u'‐v'color space (CIE 1976). Color filter developed for our WOLED enables color gamut to become wider than the 100% NTSC in uniform color space (u', v').
Detection and subtype identification of Blastocystis isolates from wastewater samples in the Philippines
Authors: Banaticla Jan Ervin G. , Rivera Windell L.
Published: August 2010

To provide further evidence of waterborne transmission of Blastocystis, a total of 31 wastewater treatment plants from geographically distinct locations across the Philippines were sampled for influent and effluent sewage samples. In vitro cultivation was the method of choice to increase sensitivity of detection. Blastocystis cysts were detected in 15% (9/62) of the samples using in vitro culture. Moreover, influent and effluent samples were 23% (7/31) and 7% (2/31) positive for the parasite, respectively. The presence of viable cysts in treated samples may be an indication of the inefficiency of the treatment process in preventing Blastocystis from entering the environment. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of the nine wastewater isolates were performed. The SSU rRNA gene sequences of the isolates showed very high similarity (98 to 99%) to homologous sequences of Blastocystis described previously. The phylogenetic tree constructed showed that the wastewater isolates clustered with each other with good bootstrap support and belonged to two subtypes (ST) – ST1 and ST2. This is the first report of subtyping Blastocystis isolates from wastewater samples and gives further emphasis to the remarkable genetic diversity of the parasite.
Performance of pervious pavement parking bays storing rainwater in the north of Spain
Authors: Gomez-Ullate E. , Bayon J. R. , Coupe S. , Castro-Fresno D.
Published: August 2010

Pervious pavements are drainage techniques that improve urban water management in a sustainable manner. An experimental pervious pavement parking area has been constructed in the north of Spain (Santander), with the aim of harvesting good quality rainwater. Forty-five pervious pavement structures have been designed and constructed to measure stored water quantity and quality simultaneously. Ten of these structures are specifically constructed with different geotextile layers for improving water storage within the pavements. Following the confirmation in previous laboratory experiments that the geotextile influenced on water storage, two different geosynthetics (Inbitex and a One Way evaporation control membrane) and control pervious pavements with no geotextile layers were tested in the field. Weather conditions were monitored in order to find correlations with the water storage within the pervious pavement models tested. During one year of monitoring the three different pervious pavement types tested remained at their maximum storage capacity. The heavy rain events which occurred during the experimental period caused evaporation rates within the pervious pavements to be not significant, but allowed the researchers to observe certain trends in the water storage. Temperature was the most closely correlated weather factor with the level of the water stored within the pervious pavements tested.
Recovery of proteins from wastewater of tannery beamhouse operations: influence on the main pollution parameters
Authors: Marsal A. , Hernández E. , Cuadros S. , Puig R. , Bautista E. , Font J.
Published: August 2010

The recovery of proteins from effluents of beamhouse operations in a hair-pulping process of hides is proposed. Precipitation with sulphuric acid at the isoelectric pH was chosen for protein recovery. The precipitates were characterized in order to study their potential uses. Apart from the protein nitrogen, the precipitate also contained a considerable content of fats resulting from the co-precipitation of natural fat of the hide in the wastewaters. The precipitation of the protein fraction resulted in a reduction of 80–85% of COD, whereas the protein content decreased 68–78%. This diminution of the contamination load led to a notable reduction of the tax on wastewater. The content of protein material in the precipitate varied from 15 to 44%. As expected, the protein in the precipitate did not result from the collagen decomposition of the hide but from soluble proteins such as albumin and globulin and remains of keratin. The precipitates obtained met the maximum limits of heavy metals according to legislation on organic fertilizers. The potential uses of the protein fraction recovered from tannery wastewaters are currently being investigated.
Evaluation of a BWTK for detection of total coliforms, E. coli and emerging pathogens from drinking water: comparison with standard MPN method
Authors: Sahota P. , Pandove G. , Achal V. , Vikal Y.
Published: August 2010

A defined substrate method media in bacteriological water testing kit (BWTK) has been developed to recover and detect the presence/absence of total coliforms and emerging pathogens from drinking water without the need for the confirmatory or complete tests. This method is based on technology that uses a hydrolysable substrate as a specific indicator- nutrient for the target microbes. To perform the test, one only has to add water to the ingredients in the BWTK and incubate at room temperature for a time period of 48 hrs. The target microbes remain viable in the positive kit for at least 10 days and further bacterial isolates from BWTK were characterized phenotypically, molecular identified by sequencing of 16SrRNA gene and antibiotic sensitivity was determined. All of the emerging bacterial isolates were haemolytic and multiple resistant to antibiotics. The epidemiological surveillance of drinking water revealed the occurrence of emerging pathogens responsible for causing acute gastrointestinal illness, soft tissue infections, meningitis, enteritis to acute mesenteric lymphadenitis as Yersinia enterocolitica (94%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (79%). The conventional methods (IS-10500-1991 BIS New Delhi, India) cannot predict the presence of these potentially enteropathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. There are currently no suitable microbiological criteria for the detection of emerging pathogens. In response to these limitations a BWTK has been developed for regularly monitoring of drinking water quality for appraisal to public health officials and take corrective measures regarding health risk when desired.
Evaluation of xenobiotic impact on urban receiving waters by means of statistical methods
Authors: Musolff A. , Leschik S. , Schafmeister M.-T. , Reinstorf F. , Strauch G. , Krieg R. , Schirmer M.
Published: August 2010

Xenobiotics in urban receiving waters are an emerging problem. A sound knowledge of xenobiotic input, distribution and fate in the aquatic environment is a prerequisite for risk assessments. Methods to assess the impact of xenobiotics on urban receiving waters should address the diverse characteristics of the target compounds and the spatiotemporal variability of concentrations. Here, we present results from a one-year-monitoring program concerning concentrations of pharmaceuticals, additives from personal care products and industrial chemicals in an urban drainage catchment in untreated and treated wastewater, surface water and groundwater. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were applied to characterize the xenobiotic concentrations. Correlation and principal component analysis revealed a pronounced pattern of xenobiotics in the surface water samples. The concentrations of several xenobiotics were characterized by a negative proportionality to the water temperature. Therefore, seasonal attenuation is assumed to be a major process influencing the measured concentrations. Moreover, dilution of xenobiotics the surface water was found to significantly influence the concentrations. These two processes control more the xenobiotic occurrence in the surface water than the less pronounced concentration pattern in the wastewater sources. For the groundwater samples, we assume that foremost attenuation processes lead to the found differentiation of xenobiotics.
Postconditioning Hormesis Put in Perspective: An Overview of Experimental and Clinical Studies
Authors: Wiegant F.A.C. , Prins H.A.B. , Van Wijk R.
Published: August 2010

A beneficial effect of applying mild stress to cells or organisms, that were initially exposed to a high dose of stress, has been referred to as ‘postconditioning hormesis'. The initial high dose of stress activates intrinsic self-recovery mechanisms. Modulation of these endogenous adaptation strategies by administration of a subsequent low dose of stress can confer effects that are beneficial to the biological system. Owing to its potentially therapeutic applications, postconditioning hormesis is subject to research in various scientific disciplines. This paper presents an overview of the dynamics of postconditioning hormesis and illustrates this phenomenon with a number of examples in experimental and clinical research.
Pathogenesis of Fasting and Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Therapy
Authors: Rizza Robert A.
Published: August 2010

The objective of this research is to gain a greater understanding of the cause of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes. Endogenous glucose production is excessive before eating and fails to appropriately suppress after eating in people with type 2 diabetes. This is due in part to impaired insulin-induced suppression of endogenous glucose production, which is observed early in the evolution of type 2 diabetes. Increased rates of gluconeogenesis and perhaps glycogenolysis contribute to hepatic insulin resistance. Insulin-induced stimulation of hepatic glucose uptake and hepatic glycogen synthesis are reduced in people with type 2 diabetes primarily due to decreased uptake of extracellular glucose presumably because of inadequate activation of hepatic glucokinase. Delayed insulin secretion results in higher peak glucose concentrations particularly when suppression of glucagon is impaired, whereas insulin resistance prolongs the duration of hyperglycemia, which can be marked when both hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance are present.

The premise of these studies, as well as those performed by many other investigators, is that an understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes will enable the development of targeted therapies that are directed toward correcting specific metabolic defects in a given individual. I, as well as many other investigators, believe that such therapies are likely to be more effective and to have a lower risk than would occur if everyone were treated the same regardless of the underlying cause of their hyperglycemia. While we do not yet have sufficient knowledge to truly individualize therapy, in my opinion this approach will be the norm in the not too distant future.
Synthesis and study of some new N-substituted imide derivatives as potential antibacterial agents
Authors: Khalil Abd , Berghot Moged , Gouda Moustafa
Published: August 2010

Dibenzobarrelene (I) was used as a starting compound for the synthesis of some new 3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones, N-substituted with: 4-toluenesulfonyloxy, III; butoxy, IV; 3-bromopropoxy, V; 3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy, VI; 3-chloro-3-oxopropyl, VIII; 3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxopropyl, IXa; 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxopropyl, IXb; 3-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl, X; 3-morpholino-3-oxopropyl, XI; 3-phenylamino-3-oxopropyl, XII; 2-acetylaminoethyl, XIV; 2-aminoethyl, XV, and 2-acetoxyethyl, XVI. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectral data. Selected products were tested for antimicrobial activity.
Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Sublingual Immunotherapy on Patients with Allergic Rhinitis to House-Dust Mites: 1-Year follow-up Results
Authors: Kim Seung-Tae , Han Doo Hee , Moon Il Joon , Lee Chul Hee , Min Yang-Gi , Rhee Chae-Seo
Published: August 2010

Background

There have been no data on sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in Asian patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) sensitized to house-dust mites (HDMs). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and immunologic change after 12 months of SLIT in Korean patients.

Methods

Fifty-eight patients, who had AR caused by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae and who completed 12 months of SLIT were included. Symptom scores were evaluated before and after 12 months of SLIT, and medication scores were assessed throughout the study. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), total IgE, and specific IgE were also evaluated.

Results

All of the symptoms of AR were significantly improved with reduced medication scores. In addition, there were significant decrements in peripheral blood eosinophil counts and ECP (p = 0.025 and p = 0.048, respectively). Specific IgE for D. farinae slightly increased (p = 0.019), whereas specific IgE for D. pteronyssinus and total IgE did not change significantly. Thirty-six (62%) of 58 patients were in the effective response group. Although not statistically significant, findings in the study showed that the effective response group had a tendency to have higher ECP levels before SLIT than the ineffective response group (p = 0.056).

Conclusion

SLIT improved the symptoms and medication scores in Korean patients with AR from HDM. Laboratory parameters including eosinophil counts, ECP, and specific IgE for D. farinae seemed to be modified after 1-year SLIT. A high ECP level may be a useful parameter to predict the effectiveness of SLIT and select the patient for the treatment.
New Insights into Muscle Fibre Types in Casertana Pig
Authors: Velotto Salvatore , Vitale Claudia , Stasi Tommaso , Crasto Antonio
Published: August 2010

Little is known about the Casertana pig. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex on histochemical and morphometrical characteristics of muscle fibres (myocytes) in this pure breed and to verify the presence of giant fibres as well as vascularity of the muscle. Finally, maximum shortening velocity and isometric tension were measured in single muscle fibres. Sixteen Casertana pigs (8 males, 8 females) from a farm in Campania (Italy) were slaughtered at one year of age. Muscle tissues were obtained from psoas minor, rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi. Myofibres were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and α-amylase-periodic acid schiff. For all fibre types, the area and perimeter were measured. Slowtwitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated; an image-analyzing system was used. The results showed significant differences between the sexes in the size of all three fibre types. The psoas minor muscle had a high percentage of slow-twitch oxidative fibres and contained more capillaries per fibre and per mm2 than rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi, in which fast-twitch glycolytic fibres dominated. The cross-sectional area of all fibre types was larger in longissimus dorsi than in rhomboideus and psoas minor muscles; the giant fibres were present in the longissimus dorsi muscle only. Besides, isometric tension values were higher in fast-twitch glycolytic fibres than in the other ones. Variations in fibre type composition may contribute to meat quality.