bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Extending the Scope of Oleic Acid Catalysis in Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Chromene and Pyrimidine Based Scaffolds.
Authors: Ganesan Asaithampi , Kothandapani Jagatheeswaran , Subramaniapillai Selva Ganesan
Published: June 2016

The title compounds are prepared by a facile domino one‐pot protocol involving pseudo three‐component, three‐component or four‐component reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: One Photocatalyst, n Activation Modes Strategy for Cascade Catalysis: Emulating Coumarin Biosynthesis with (‐)‐Riboflavin.
Authors: Metternich Jan B. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: June 2016

By using the discrete photochemical activation modes of (‐)‐riboflavin, it is possible to sequentially induce isomerization and cyclization by energy transfer and subsequent single‐electron transfer process.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermally Induced Denitrogenative Annulation for the Synthesis of Dihydroquinolinimines and Chroman‐4‐imines.
Authors: Chou Chih‐Hung , Chen Ying‐Yu , Rajagopal Basker , Tu Hsiu‐Chung , Chen Kuan‐Lin , Wang Sheng‐Fu , Liang Chien‐Fu , Tyan Yu‐Chang , Lin Po‐Chiao
Published: June 2016

Various aniline and phenol derivatives bearing an N‐tosyl‐1,2,3‐triazole side chain are investigated with a view to preparing the title heterocycles under metal‐free conditions at an elevated temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho C—H Bond Activation of Arylamines for the Synthesis of Quinoline Carboxylates.
Authors: Gadakh Sunita K. , Dey Soumen , Sudalai A.
Published: June 2016

A regioselective annulation of anilines with alkynic esters allowing for the synthesis of quinoline carboxylates using rhodium catalysts is proposed to proceed via rhodacycle of in situ generated amide and enamine ester followed by ortho C—H activation of arylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Arylation or Alkenylation of Quinolinium Salts.
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Yunlong , Zhang Dongdong , Wei Hao , Shi Min , Wang Feijun
Published: June 2016

The enantioselective rhodium‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition of aryl and alkenyl boronic acids to quinolinium salts tolerates a wide range of functional groups with respect to both the organic boronic acids and the quinoline starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 4‐Aminoquinolines.
Authors: Wezeman Tim , Zhong Sabilla , Nieger Martin , Braese Stefan
Published: June 2016

Highly functionalized quinolines are prepared from N‐aryl amides and sulfonyl ynamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Isoindolines via a Silver(I) Triflate‐Promoted Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Xing Siyang , Ren Jing , Wang Kui , Cui Hong , Yan Han , Li Wenrui
Published: June 2016

A silver(I) triflate‐promoted tandem reaction comprising the ring opening of aziridines and a Michael reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of Bioactive Spiro‐Dipyrroloquinolines and Its Application in the One‐Step Synthesis of Incargranine B Aglycone and Seneciobipyrrolidine I.
Authors: Ma Can‐Liang , Li Xiao‐Hua , Yu Xiao‐Long , Zhu Xiao‐Long , Hu Yong‐Zhou , Dong Xiao‐Wu , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: June 2016

Gold‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination/aza‐Diels—Alder reaction of aminoalkynes provides either spiropyrrole azapolycycles or pyrrole‐fused azapolycycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Object‐Oriented Synthetic Approach Toward Angular and Linear Fused Pyrazoloquinolines of Biological Importance with InCl3 Catalyst.
Authors: Arasakumar Thangaraj , Mathusalini Sadasivam , Lakshmi Krishnasamy , Mohan Palathurai Subramaniam , Ata Athar , Lin Chia‐Her
Published: June 2016

The title compounds are prepared by cyclocondensation of acylquinolinones with phenyl hydrazines using microwaves.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Tandem Reaction of Tertiary Enamides: Expeditious Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline Alkaloid Derivatives.
Authors: Xu Xin‐Ming , Zhao Liang , Zhu Jieping , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: June 2016

An efficient strategy towards a hitherto hardly accessible key alkaloid motif is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Access to Huprine Derivatives Functionalized at Position 9.
Authors: Oukoloff Killian , Chao Sovy , Cieslikiewicz‐Bouet Monika , Mougeot Romain , Jean Ludovic , Renard Pierre‐Yves
Published: June 2016

The synthetic route towards huprine derivatives (I) with different functional groups at the C9‐position consists of three main steps: enol formation from a bicyclic ketone, Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling with different boranes and a Friedlaender condensation to access the quinoline moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Alkylamino and 4‐Arylaminophthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones
Authors: Krishnananthan Subramaniam , Smith Daniel , Wu Dauh‐Rurng , Yip Shiuhang , Gunaga Prashantha , Mathur Arvind , Li Jianqing
Published: June 2016

starting from 2‐formylbenzoic acids
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinazolinone Derivatives Through Copper Catalyzed C—H Amidation Reactions.
Authors: Kotipalli Trimurtulu , Kavala Veerababurao , Janreddy Donala , Bandi Vijayalakshmi , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: June 2016

A broad spectrum of title compounds is available from 2‐iodobenzamides and benzylamine following a Cu‐catalyzed reaction under either conditions A) or B) (mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pseudo‐Peptides Containing a Quinazolinone Skeleton via Ugi Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Saeedi Shaghayegh , Ramezanpour Sorour
Published: June 2016

The reactions proceed with high atom economy, high yields and an easy experimental workup procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐b]thiophene Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives via Sequential Conversion of 3,4‐Diaminothieno[2,3‐b]thiophene‐2,5‐dicarbonitrile with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Qiu Fadong , Yang Junjuan , Shi Daxin , Zhang Qi , Li Jiarong
Published: June 2016

The condensation of thienothiophene (I) with ketones is achieved in the presence of NaOEt or ZnCl2 to give pyrimidine derivatives (III) or pyrido fused compounds (IV) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free, Base‐Promoted Hydroalkoxylation: Synthesis of Substituted Imidazo[2,1‐c][1,4]oxazines.
Authors: Nagaraj Muthupandi , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: June 2016

An efficient base‐promoted intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of a wide range of 1,5‐alkynyl‐alcohol derivatives of imidazole leads to the regioselective formation of the title compounds (II) (15 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Novel Bicyclic and Tricyclic Aza‐Peroxides.
Authors: Yadav Lalit , Tiwari Mohit K. , Kumar Shyamlal Bharti Rajesh , Mathur Manas , Swami Ajit K. , Puri Sunil K. , Naikade Niraj K. , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: June 2016

The title peroxides are prepared using a 1O2‐mediated photo‐oxygenation method as a key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydroboration of Allenes.
Authors: Zhu Can , Yang Bin , Qiu Youai , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: June 2016

A suitable procedure for the title reaction is evaluated which differs in the proton source (MeOH or AcOH, variation in equivalents).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed, Aldehyde‐Induced α‐C—H Functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Concurrent C—P Bond Formation/N‐Alkylation.
Authors: Hu Gaobo , Chen Weizhu , Ma Dumei , Zhang Yun , Xu Pengxiang , Gao Yuxing , Zhao Yufen
Published: June 2016

A facile protocol is developed for the one‐pot reaction of N‐unprotected tetrahydroisoquinolines with aldehydes and phosphonates to give the corresponding C1‐phosphonylated and N‐alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Clerodendrumol, a New Triterpenoid from Clerodendrum yaundense Guerke (Lamiaceae).
Authors: Awouafack Maurice D. , Aimaiti Simayijiang , Tane Pierre , Morita Hiroyuki
Published: June 2016

New triterpenoid, clerodendrumol (Ia) is isolated together with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Anstifolines A and B, Two Dimeric Furoquinoline Alkaloids from the Root Bark of Dictamnus angustifolius.
Authors: Sun Jianbo , Jiang Neng , Lv Mengying , Tang Benqin , Wang Pei , Liang Jingyu , Chen Li
Published: June 2016

Anstifolines A (I) and B (II) are isolated together with two known compounds, dictamnine and robustine.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Antifungal Macrolide from Streptomyces sp. KIB‐H869 and Structure Revision of Halichomycin
Authors: Yu Zhiyin , Wang Li , Yang Jing , Zhang Fan , Sun Yun , Yu Mingming , Yan Yijun , Ma Ya‐Tuan , Huang Sheng‐Xiong
Published: June 2016

[isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity]
ChemInform Abstract: Electric Field Control of Ferromagnetism Using Multi‐Ferroics: The Bismuth Ferrite Story
Authors: Ramesh R.
Published: June 2016

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl Complexes of the Transition Metals
Authors: Campos Jesus , Lopez‐Serrano Joaquin , Peloso Riccardo , Carmona Ernesto
Published: June 2016

Review: [recent advances; 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphines in Organoplatinum Complexes: Structural Aspects of PtP2CX (X: NL or BL) Derivatives
Authors: Melnik Milan , Mikus Peter
Published: June 2016

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Complexity‐Generating Features of the Pauson—Khand Reaction from a Synthetic Perspective
Authors: Shi Lili , Yang Zhen
Published: June 2016

Review: [synthetic application of the Pauson—Khand reaction in the total synthesis of a collection of structurally challenging natural products in the authors′ laboratory over the past 10 years; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: State‐of‐the‐Art in Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation Reagents
Authors: Chachignon Helene , Cahard Dominique
Published: June 2016

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Itaconic Acid — A Versatile Building Block for Renewable Polyesters with Enhanced Functionality
Authors: Robert Tobias , Friebel Stefan
Published: June 2016

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenes in [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Dominguez Gema , Perez‐Castells Javier
Published: June 2016

Review: [95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Guide for Predicting the Stereochemistry of Bifunctional Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Imines
Authors: Reid Jolene P. , Simon Luis , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: June 2016

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Control in Cyclizations: From Computational Mechanistic Understanding to Selectivity Prediction
Authors: Peng Qian , Paton Robert S.
Published: June 2016

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prediction of Stereochemistry Using Q2MM
Authors: Hansen Eric , Rosales Anthony R. , Tutkowski Brandon , Norrby Per‐Ola , Wiest Olaf
Published: June 2016

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: sp3 C—H Bond Functionalization with Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Bruneau Christian
Published: June 2016

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of Proteasome Inhibitors as Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: Le Chapelain Camille , Groll Michael
Published: June 2016

Review: [10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prediction and Clarification of Structures of (Bio)molecules on Surfaces
Authors: Schoen J. Christian , Oligschleger Christina , Cortes Juan
Published: June 2016

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Processes for Constructing Homogeneous Antibody Drug Conjugates
Authors: Jackson David Y.
Published: June 2016

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Ferrofluids Research: Novel Applications of Magnetically Controllable and Tunable Fluids
Authors: Torres‐Diaz I. , Rinaldi C.
Published: June 2016

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The State of Understanding of the Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Graphite Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) and Its Relationship to Formation Cycling
Authors: An Seong Jin , Li Jianlin , Daniel Claus , Mohanty Debasish , Nagpure Shrikant , Wood, David L. III
Published: June 2016

Review: in‐depth historical and current review; 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on Research Achievements of Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Mao Chunlan , Feng Yongzhong , Wang Xiaojiao , Ren Guangxin
Published: June 2016

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic Modeling of the Fe—Mn—C and the Fe—Mn—Al Systems Using the Modified Quasichemical Model for Liquid Phase
Authors: Kim Min‐Su , Kang Youn‐Bae
Published: June 2016

Review: 88 refs.
Synthesis, working mechanism, and effectiveness of a novel corrosion‐inhibiting polycarboxylate superplasticizer for concrete
Authors: Xu Qingtao , Gao Heping , Zeng Jun , Chen Cheng , Zhou Wei , Wang Suqin , Tian Xingxing , Peng Yinxian
Published: June 2016

In this work, a novel corrosion‐inhibiting polycarboxylate superplasticizer for concrete was synthesized through two‐step esterification reaction and one‐step polymerization. Firstly, arginine‐polyethylene glycol monoester was synthesized by p‐toluenesulphonic acid‐catalyzed esterification reaction of one hydroxyl of polyethylene glycol and carboxylic of arginine containing the main functional group of corrosion‐inhibiting polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Secondly, under the condition of hydroquinone as a polymerization inhibitor, polycarboxylate macromonomer was also synthesized by p‐toluenesulphonic acid‐catalyzed esterification reaction of another hydroxyl of as‐prepared monoester and carboxylic of methyl acrylic acid (96 % esterification rate). Finally, a corrosion‐inhibiting polycarboxylate superplasticizer for concrete was synthesized by ammonium peroxydisulphat‐initiated polymerization, polycarboxylate macromonomer, methyl acrylic acid, and sodium methyl acrylic acid. The structures of monoester, macromonomer, and superplasticizer were characterized by FTIR. Moreover, the fluidity of cement paste, the water reduction, and the compressive strength ratio of as‐prepared polycarboxylate macromonomer (0.5 %) as a corrosion‐inhibiting superplasticizer were more than 290 mm, 25 %, and 130 % respectively.
MGNPE‐LICA algorithm for fault diagnosis of batch process
Authors: Xiaoqiang Zhao , Tao Wang , Yongyong Hui
Published: June 2016

Batch production process data usually contains mixture ingredients of the Gaussian and non‐Gaussian distribution. Traditional monitoring methods require data to meet the requirements of Gaussian distribution and do not take into account the global and local features for feature extraction. An ICA algorithm can deal with process diagnosis of non‐Gaussian distribution but cannot deal with process diagnosis of Gaussian distribution. So a multi‐way global neighbourhood preserving embedding, local independent component analysis (MGNPE‐LICA) algorithm, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, raw data is divided into Gaussian and non‐Gaussian spaces by the D‐test. For the Gaussian space, the MGNPE algorithm is used to fully extract local structural features and global structural features of data. For the non‐Gaussian space, the MLICA algorithm is used to solve non‐Gaussian problems and at the same time reserve global and local information of data. Then the monitoring index of two spaces synthesizes a joint monitoring indicator to monitor the process. The contribution plot method is used to diagnose fault variables after detecting faults. The simulation results of a penicillin fermentation process verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Anatomical characterization of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in cell‐type–specific mutant mouse rescue models
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Ana , Puente Nagore , Elezgarai Izaskun , Ruehle Sabine , Lutz Beat , Reguero Leire , Gerrikagoitia Inmaculada , Marsicano Giovanni , Grandes Pedro
Published: June 2016

Type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors are widely distributed in the brain. Their physiological roles depend on their distribution pattern, which differs remarkably among cell types. Hence, subcellular compartments with little but functionally relevant CB1 receptors can be overlooked, fostering an incomplete mapping. To overcome this, knockin mice with cell‐type–specific rescue of CB1 receptors have emerged as excellent tools for investigating CB1 receptors’ cell‐type–specific localization and sufficient functional role with no bias. However, to know whether these rescue mice maintain endogenous CB1 receptor expression level, detailed anatomical studies are necessary. The subcellular distribution of hippocampal CB1 receptors of rescue mice that express the gene exclusively in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons (Glu‐CB1‐RS) or GABAergic neurons (GABA‐CB1‐RS) was studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Results were compared with conditional CB1 receptor knockout lines. As expected, CB1 immunoparticles appeared at presynaptic plasmalemma, making asymmetric and symmetric synapses. In the hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum, the values of the CB1 receptor‐immunopositive excitatory and inhibitory synapses were Glu‐CB1‐RS, 21.89% (glutamatergic terminals); 2.38% (GABAergic terminals); GABA‐CB1‐RS, 1.92% (glutamatergic terminals); 77.92% (GABAergic terminals). The proportion of CB1 receptor‐immunopositive excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the inner one‐third of the dentate molecular layer was Glu‐CB1‐RS, 53.19% (glutamatergic terminals); 2.30% (GABAergic terminals); GABA‐CB1‐RS, 3.19% (glutamatergic terminals); 85.07% (GABAergic terminals). Taken together, Glu‐CB1‐RS and GABA‐CB1‐RS mice show the usual CB1 receptor distribution and expression in hippocampal cell types with specific rescue of the receptor, thus being ideal for in‐depth anatomical and functional investigations of the endocannabinoid system. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:302–318, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A duplex current‐reused CMOS LNA with complementary derivative superposition technique
Authors: Dai Ruofan , Zheng Yunlong , He Jun , Kong Weiran , Zou Shichang
Published: June 2016

A duplex current‐reused complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor low‐noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed for 2.5‐GHz application. The duplex current‐reused topology with equivalent three common‐source gain stages cascaded is utilized to fulfil the low‐power consumption and high gain simultaneously. The complementary derivative superposition linearization technique with bulk‐bias control is employed to improve the linearity performance with large‐signal swing and to extend the auxiliary transistors bias‐control range. The proposed LNA is fabricated in a 0.18‐um 1P5M complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process and consumes a 3.13‐mA quiescent current from a 1.5 V voltage supply. The measurement results show that the proposed LNA achieves power gain of 28.1 dB, noise figure of 1.64 dB, input P1dB and IIP3 of −19.6 dBm and 3.2 dBm, respectively, while the input and output return loss is 19.2 dB and 18.4 dB. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation of Highly Charged Ions in Plasma by Ultrashort Electromagnetic Pulses
Authors: Astapenko V. A. , Sakhno S. V. , Lisitsa V. S.
Published: June 2016

Excitation of highly charged ions in plasmas under the action of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses is investigated theoretically in the frame of perturbation theory. The study is based on analytical expression for probability of bound‐bound transition which is derived for Gaussian pulse and Doppler broadening of spectral line shape of the transition. Electronic transitions from the ground state of hydrogen‐like ions are considered with account for fine splitting of upper energy levels. The main attention is paid to the dependence of the excitation probability on pulse duration for various ion charges and carrier frequencies of the pulse. The results obtained are of interest for plasma diagnostics based on ion excitation from ground state by ultrashort pulses. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport and Energy Deposition of hot Electrons through the Shock Ignition pre Compressed Target
Authors: Rezaei S. , Farahbod A. H. , Jafari M. J.
Published: June 2016

Shock ignition as an alternative scheme of the laser fusion has the potential of achieving efficient implosion. However, hot electrons produced in result of ignitor‐corona interaction may penetrate deep into the fuel making the compression less effective. Transport and energy deposition of hot electron beam into the dense pre compressed of HiPER target by means of Monte Carlo approach are discussed considering the influence of real density and electron beam characteristics. The target parameters before igniting the hot spot have been extracted from a fluid code and used as the initial profile for Monte Carlo simulations. In comparison with simplified step like density profile, electrons penetrate slightly deeper in the case of real shaped density profile. In addition, deposition zone of a broad spectrum electron beam is wider while, monoenergetic electrons depose their energy locally resulting more maximum energy deposition value. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reduced Physics Models in SOLPS for Reactor Scoping Studies
Authors: Coster D. P.
Published: June 2016

Heat exhaust is a challenge for ITER and becomes even more of an issue for devices beyond ITER. The main reason for this is that the power produced in the core scales as R3 while relying on standard exhaust physics results in the heat exhaust scaling as R1 (R is the major radius). ITER has used SOLPS (B2‐EIRENE) to design the ITER divertor, as well as to provide a database that supports the calculations of the ITER operational parameter space. The typical run time for such SOLPS runs is of the order 3 months (for D+C+He using EIRENE to treat the neutrals kinetically with an extensive choice of atomic and molecular physics). Future devices will be expected to radiate much of the power before it crosses the separatrix, and this requires treating extrinsic impurities such as Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe — the large number of charge states puts additional pressure on SOLPS, further slowing down the code.

For design work of future machines, fast models have been implemented in system codes but these are usually unavoidably restricted in the included physics. As a bridge between system studies and detailed SOLPS runs, SOLPS offers a number of possibilities to speed up the code considerably at the cost of reducing the fidelity of the physics. By employing a fluid neutral model, aggressive bundling of the charge state of impurities, and reducing the size of the grids used, the run time for one second of physics time (which is often enough for the divertor to come to a steady state) can be reduced to approximately one day. This work looks at the impact of these trade‐offs in the physics by comparing key parameters for different simulation assumptions. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EMC3‐EIRENE Simulation of Impurity Transport in Comparison with EUV Emission Measurements in the Stochastic Layer of LHD: Effects of Force Balance and Transport Coefficients
Authors: Dai S. , Kobayashi M. , Kawamura G. , Morita S. , Oishi T. , Zhang H. M. , Huang X.L. , Feng Y. , Wang D. Z. , Suzuki Y. , the LHD experiment group
Published: June 2016

The transport properties and line emissions of the intrinsic carbon in the stochastic layer of the Large Helical Device have been investigated with the three‐dimensional edge transport code EMC3‐EIRENE. The simulations of impurity transport and emissivity have been performed to study the dedicated experiment in which the carbon emission distributions are measured by a space‐resolved EUV spectrometer system. A discrepancy of the CIV impurity emission between the measurement and simulation is obtained, which is studied with the variation of the ion thermal force, friction force and the perpendicular diffusivity in the impurity transport model. An enhanced ion thermal force or a reduced friction force in the modelling can increase the CIV impurity emission at the inboard X‐point region. Furthermore, the impact of the perpendicular diffusivity Dimp is studied which shows that the CIV impurity emission pattern is very sensitive to Dimp. It is found that the simulation results with the increased Dimp tend to be closer to the experimental observation. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Turbulence Dynamics with the Coupling of Density Gradient and Parallel Velocity Gradient in the Edge Plasmas
Authors: Kosuga Y. , Itoh S.‐I. , Itoh K.
Published: June 2016

Theory of parallel shear flow driven instability (PSFI) and its impact on turbulence dynamics and transport are presented. The mode is linearly unstable when the parallel flow shear exceeds a critical value. The quasilinear particle flux contains both outward and inward components. Nonlinear dynamics is formulated in terms of hydrodynamic helicity balance. The result implies that once excited, PSFI with helicity may spread from the excited region to stable regions. Implication for turbulence in scrape off layer plasmas is discussed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Small‐sized ELMs in Detached Divertor Plasmas
Authors: Pigarov A. Yu. , Krasheninnikov S.I. , Hollmann E. M. , Rognlien T. D.
Published: June 2016

Self‐consistent modeling of edge plasma transport and deuterium wall inventory including multiple transient events was performed with the multi‐physics 2‐D transport code UEDGE‐MB‐W. In agreement with experimental data trends on DIII‐D, the modeling results show that relatively small‐sized and frequent type‐I Edge Localized Mode (ELM) events, which are typical for high‐power H‐mode discharges with strong deuterium gas‐puff fueling on this tokamak, are not “burning through” the formed detached plasma in the inner and, with further increase in fueling, in the outer divertor. In the latter case, the divertors are filled by sub‐eV, high‐density, strongly‐recombining and highly impurity contaminated plasma. Time‐dependent experimental data supporting the view that volumetric plasma recombination is enhanced during small‐sized ELMs penetrating into the detached plasma are discussed and the confirmatory results from UEDGE‐MB‐W modeling are presented. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Offer comprehensive program to develop campus leaders
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

CHICAGO — When Dawn Lindsay arrived at Anne Arundel Community College as president in 2012, she discovered that 59 percent of the college's employees were eligible to retire. She immediately realized the college needed a leadership development program to fill the void when those faculty and staff members started to leave.
Post‐Brussels environment calls for new approach to travel safety
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

The post‐Brussels environment should prompt all higher ed professionals to re‐evaluate their approach to travel safety for their students, staff, and faculty members.
On being a mentor, short term or long term
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: June 2016

I happened to be in Chicago during the months that the Van Gogh Bedrooms exhibit was at the Art Institute. It was at this museum that I started the Leadership is an Art series in late 2014. If you read it, or any of the subsequent columns, you know that I like to view art alone, out of deference to the artist, the artwork, and for my own spiritual feelings the viewing usually evokes.
Follow practical advice to limit legal challenges regarding internship programs
Authors: Bradford Michele G.
Published: June 2016

Colleges and schools with cosmetology programs are facing legal challenges in the courts for having their students work for no compensation while they're in the training or internship phase of their program.
Build a strong program for adult learners with robust online offerings
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2016

During his 25 years in the United States Air Force, Bill McClure was first exposed to working with adult learners as an adjunct instructor for the University of Maryland, the City Colleges of Chicago, and the Defense Language Institute in Monterey. In addition to teaching and working 40–50 hours a week with the Air Force, he was earning his two graduate degrees.
An aptamer folding‐based sensory platform decorated with nanoparticles for simple cocaine testing
Authors: Guler Emine , Bozokalfa Guliz , Demir Bilal , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Guler Bahar , Aldemir Ebru , Timur Suna , Coskunol Hakan
Published: June 2016

The consumption of illicit drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines is still a major health and social problem, creating an abuse in adults especially. Novel techniques which estimate the drug of abuse are needed for the detection of newly revealed psychoactive drugs. Herein, we have constructed a combinatorial platform by using quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as a functional aptamer which selectively recognizes cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE). We have called it an aptamer folding‐based sensory device (AFSD). For the fabrication of AFSD, QDs were initially immobilized onto the poly‐L‐lysine coated μ‐well surfaces. Then, the AuNP‐aptamer conjugates were bound to the QDs. The addition of cocaine or BE caused a change in the aptamer structure which induced the close interaction of AuNPs with the QDs. Hence, quenching of the fluorescence of QDs was observed depending on the analyte amount. The linearity of cocaine and BE was 1.0–10 nM and 1.0–25 μM, respectively. Moreover, the limits of detection for cocaine and BE were calculated as 0.138 nM and 1.66 μM. The selectivity was tested by using different interfering substances (methamphetamine, bovine serum albumin, codeine, and 3‐acetamidophenol). To investigate the use of AFSD in artificial urine matrix, cocaine/BE spiked samples were applied. Also, confirmatory analyses by using high performance liquid chromatography were performed. It is shown that AFSD has a good potential for testing the cocaine abuse and can be easily adapted for detection of various addictive drugs by changing the aptamer according to desired analytes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruption of de novo fatty acid synthesis via acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 inhibition prevents acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Raha Solaiman , Raud Brenda , Oberdörfer Linda , Castro Carla N. , Schreder Alina , Freitag Jenny , Longerich Thomas , Lochner Matthias , Sparwasser Tim , Berod Luciana , Koenecke Christian , Prinz Immo
Published: June 2016

Upon antigen‐specific or allogeneic activation, T cells sharply increase their metabolic activity to cope with augmented needs for proliferation and effector functions. Therefore, enzymes involved in energy metabolism constitute attractive targets to modulate the activity of pathogenic effector T cells in the setting of graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD). Here, we show that T cells deficient for acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (TACC1) are dramatically less pathogenic than wild‐type (WT) T cells in a lethal C57BL/6 into BALB/c model of acute GVHD and permitted sustained survival of recipient mice. In line with this clinical observation, higher frequencies of GVHD‐suppressing Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were detected in the colon of TACC T‐cell recipients. In vitro, T‐cell stimulation with allogeneic DCs induced higher proportions of Treg cells but also led to diminished proliferation of TACC1 T cells compared to WT T cells. Furthermore, TACC1 T cells activated by allogeneic DCs showed impaired glycolysis and lipid synthesis. Thus, targeting de novo fatty acid synthesis via acetyl‐CoA carboxylase inhibition may be a promising new strategy to prevent GVHD.
Postarrest stalling rather than crawling favors CD8+ over CD4+ T‐cell migration across the blood–brain barrier under flow in vitro
Authors: Rudolph Henriette , Klopstein Armelle , Gruber Isabelle , Blatti Claudia , Lyck Ruth , Engelhardt Britta
Published: June 2016

Although CD8+ T cells have been implied in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), the molecular mechanisms mediating CD8+ T‐cell migration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) into the central nervous system (CNS) are ill defined. Using in vitro live cell imaging, we directly compared the multistep extravasation of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells across primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (pMBMECs) as a model for the BBB under physiological flow. Significantly higher numbers of CD8+ than CD4+ T cells arrested on pMBMECs under noninflammatory and inflammatory conditions. While CD4+ T cells polarized and crawled prior to their diapedesis, the majority of CD8+ T cells stalled and readily crossed the pMBMEC monolayer preferentially via a transcellular route. T‐cell arrest and crawling were independent of G‐protein‐coupled receptor signaling. Rather, absence of endothelial ICAM‐1 and ICAM‐2 abolished increased arrest of CD8+ over CD4+ T cells and abrogated T‐cell crawling, leading to the efficient reduction of CD4+, but to a lesser degree of CD8+, T‐cell diapedesis across ICAM‐1null/ICAM‐2−/− pMBMECs. Thus, cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the multistep extravasation of activated CD8+ T cells across the BBB are distinguishable from those involved for CD4+ T cells.
SLAM‐associated protein favors the development of iNKT2 over iNKT17 cells
Authors: Michel Marie‐Laure , Lenoir Christelle , Massot Bérangère , Diem Séverine , Pasquier Benoit , Sawa Shinichiro , Rignault‐Bricard Rachel , Lehuen Agnès , Eberl Gérard , Veillette André , Leite‐de‐Moraes Maria , Latour Sylvain
Published: June 2016

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells differentiate in the thymus into three distinct lineages defined by their cytokine and transcription factor expression. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)‐associated protein (SAP) is essential for early stages of iNKT cell development, but its role during terminal differentiation of iNKT1, iNKT2, or iNKT17 cells remains unclear. Taking advantage of SAP‐deficient mice expressing a Vα14‐Jα18 TCRα transgene, we found that SAP is critical not only for IL‐4 production but also for the terminal differentiation of IL‐4‐producing iNKT2 cells. Furthermore, without SAP, the IL‐17 producing subset is expanded, while IFN‐γ‐producing iNKT1 differentiation is only moderately compromised. Lack of SAP reduced the expression of the transcription factors GATA‐3 and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, but enhanced the levels of retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor γt. In the absence of SAP, lineage commitment was actually shifted toward the emergence of iNKT17 over iNKT2 cells. Collectively, our data unveil a new critical regulatory function for SAP in thymic iNKT cell fate decisions.
Quinidine‐Catalysed Enantioselective Synthesis of 6‐ and 4‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Dihydropyrans
Authors: Kasten Kevin , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: June 2016

The cinchona alkaloid‐catalysed enantioselective formal [4+2] cycloaddition of ethyl 2,3‐butadienoate with a range of 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐ and 4,4,4‐trifluorobutenones is investigated for the preparation of stereodefined 6‐ and 4‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted dihydropyrans. Quinidine proved to be the optimal catalyst, generating the desired products in up to 98 % ee and 81 % yield. Stereo‐ and chemoselective derivatization of the dihydropyrans through hydrogenation is explored.
Ultrasound‐assisted temperature‐controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction combined with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples
Authors: Albishri Hassan M. , Aldawsari Naflaa A. M. , El‐Hady Deia Abd
Published: June 2016

A rapid and sensitive ultrasound‐assisted temperature‐controlled ionic liquid (IL) dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction (UTILDLPME) combined with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (RPLC‐UV) was developed for the determination of five organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs; azinphos‐methyl, chloropyriphos, parathion‐methyl, diazinon, and phosalone) in water samples. Parameters including IL type, IL volume, ionic strength, sonication time, heating/cooling temperature, centrifugal time, and speed were investigated. The extraction procedure was induced by the formation of cloudy solution, which was composed of 75 μL of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM]PF6) dispersed entirely into 5 mL sample solution with the assistance of ultrasound for 3 min and temperature at 40°C. Under optimal conditions, linearity of the five OPPs was obtained in the range of 0.09–200 ng/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.998 or more. Limits of detection and limits of quantitation ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ng/mL and from 0.05 to 0.4 ng/mL, respectively. Compared with conventional microextraction techniques, the proposed UTILDLPME exhibited the highest extraction efficiency ranging between 90 and 98% for targeted OPPs. Furthermore, the proposed UTILDLPME/RPLC was successfully applied to different water samples (tap, well, and lake water) showing relative recoveries ranging from 96.9 to 103.2%. Therefore, UTILDLPME/RPLC‐UV could be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and efficient routine technique for determination of OPPs in water.
Build, grow, cultivate effective work groups
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

ST. PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA. — To be successful as an enrollment manager in a changing environment, you'll need to cultivate high‐functioning work teams that communicate a shared vision.
A semi‐Lagrangian multi‐moment finite volume method with fourth‐order WENO projection
Authors: Sun Ziyao , Xiao Feng
Published: June 2016

Numerical oscillation has been an open problem for high‐order numerical methods with increased local degrees of freedom (DOFs). Current strategies mainly follow the limiting projections derived originally for conventional finite volume methods and thus are not able to make full use of the sub‐cell information available in the local high‐order reconstructions. This paper presents a novel algorithm that introduces a nodal value‐based weighted essentially non‐oscillatory limiter for constrained interpolation profile/multi‐moment finite volume method (CIP/MM FVM) (Ii and Xiao, J. Comput. Phys., 222 (2007), 849–871) as an effort to pursue a better suited formulation to implement the limiting projection in schemes with local DOFs. The new scheme, CIP‐CSL‐WENO4 scheme, extends the CIP/MM FVM method by limiting the slope constraint in the interpolation function using the weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction that makes use of the sub‐cell information available from the local DOFs and is built from the point values at the solution points within three neighboring cells, thus resulting a more compact WENO stencil. The proposed WENO limiter matches well the original CIP/MM FVM, which leads to a new scheme of high accuracy, algorithmic simplicity, and computational efficiency. We present the numerical results of benchmark tests for both scalar and Euler conservation laws to manifest the fourth‐order accuracy and oscillation‐suppressing property of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty quantification in LES of channel flow
Authors: Safta Cosmin , Blaylock Myra , Templeton Jeremy , Domino Stefan , Sargsyan Khachik , Najm Habib
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we present a Bayesian framework for estimating joint densities for large eddy simulation (LES) sub‐grid scale model parameters based on canonical forced isotropic turbulence direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. The framework accounts for noise in the independent variables, and we present alternative formulations for accounting for discrepancies between model and data. To generate probability densities for flow characteristics, posterior densities for sub‐grid scale model parameters are propagated forward through LES of channel flow and compared with DNS data. Synthesis of the calibration and prediction results demonstrates that model parameters have an explicit filter width dependence and are highly correlated. Discrepancies between DNS and calibrated LES results point to additional model form inadequacies that need to be accounted for. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gut microbiota drive the development of neuroinflammatory response in cirrhosis in mice
Authors: Kang Dae Joong , Betrapally Naga S. , Ghosh Siddhartha A. , Sartor R. Balfour , Hylemon Phillip B. , Gillevet Patrick M. , Sanyal Arun J. , Heuman Douglas M. , Carl Daniel , Zhou Huiping , Liu Runping , Wang Xiang , Yang Jing , Jiao Chunhua , Herzog Jeremy , Lippman H. Robert , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Brown Robert R. , Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: June 2016

The mechanisms behind the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are unclear, although hyperammonemia and systemic inflammation through gut dysbiosis have been proposed. The aim of this work was to define the individual contribution of hyperammonemia and systemic inflammation on neuroinflammation in cirrhosis using germ‐free (GF) and conventional mice. GF and conventional C57BL/6 mice were made cirrhotic using CCl4 gavage. These were compared to their noncirrhotic counterparts. Intestinal microbiota, systemic and neuroinflammation (including microglial and glial activation), serum ammonia, intestinal glutaminase activity, and cecal glutamine content were compared between groups. GF cirrhotic mice developed similar cirrhotic changes to conventional mice after 4 extra weeks (16 vs. 12 weeks) of CCl4 gavage. GF cirrhotic mice exhibited higher ammonia, compared to GF controls, but this was not associated with systemic or neuroinflammation. Ammonia was generated through increased small intestinal glutaminase activity with concomitantly reduced intestinal glutamine levels. However, conventional cirrhotic mice had intestinal dysbiosis as well as systemic inflammation, associated with increased serum ammonia, compared to conventional controls. This was associated with neuroinflammation and glial/microglial activation. Correlation network analysis in conventional mice showed significant linkages between systemic/neuroinflammation, intestinal microbiota, and ammonia. Specifically beneficial, autochthonous taxa were negatively linked with brain and systemic inflammation, ammonia, and with Staphylococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Streptococcaceae. Enterobacteriaceae were positively linked with serum inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Gut microbiota changes drive development of neuroinflammatory and systemic inflammatory responses in cirrhotic animals. (Hepatology 2016;64:1232‐1248)
PREDICTORS OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS IN 1‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDREN: A LONGITUDINAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sirvinskiene Giedre , Zemaitiene Nida , Jusiene Roma , Markuniene Egle
Published: June 2016

Emotional and behavioral problems at an early age can reasonably be considered a high‐risk factor for later mental health disorders. The aim of the article is to reveal predictive factors of 1½‐year‐old children's emotional and behavioral problems. The study was a part of a prospective birth‐cohort study. The study sample consisted of 172 full‐term infants (born during Gestational Weeks 37–42) and their mothers. Emotional and behavioral problems at the age of 1½ years were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½‐5 (T. Achenbach & L. Rescorla, 2000), which was completed by mothers. Emotional and behavioral problems at age of 1½ years were more prevalent in infants born via cesarean section, as compared to infants born vaginally without administration of medication. Newborns’ suboptimal functioning after birth, complicated emotional acceptance of pregnancy, a couple's nonsatisfactory relationship during pregnancy, maternal distress during pregnancy and in the first months after childbirth, and inflexible and parent‐oriented attitudes toward infant‐rearing also predicted children's emotional and behavioral problems independent of sociodemographic factors. Results suggest that biomedical and psychosocial factors which manifest themselves in the prenatal and perinatal periods can have associations with later infant and child mental health.
Identification of Senescent Cells in the Bone Microenvironment
Authors: Farr Joshua N , Fraser Daniel G , Wang Haitao , Jaehn Katharina , Ogrodnik Mikolaj B , Weivoda Megan M , Drake Matthew T , Tchkonia Tamara , LeBrasseur Nathan K , Kirkland James L , Bonewald Lynda F , Pignolo Robert J , Monroe David G , Khosla Sundeep
Published: June 2016

Cellular senescence is a fundamental mechanism by which cells remain metabolically active yet cease dividing and undergo distinct phenotypic alterations, including upregulation of p16Ink4a, profound secretome changes, telomere shortening, and decondensation of pericentromeric satellite DNA. Because senescent cells accumulate in multiple tissues with aging, these cells and the dysfunctional factors they secrete, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), are increasingly recognized as promising therapeutic targets to prevent age-related degenerative pathologies, including osteoporosis. However, the cell type(s) within the bone microenvironment that undergoes senescence with aging in vivo has remained poorly understood, largely because previous studies have focused on senescence in cultured cells. Thus in young (age 6 months) and old (age 24 months) mice, we measured senescence and SASP markers in vivo in highly enriched cell populations, all rapidly isolated from bone/marrow without in vitro culture. In both females and males, p16Ink4a expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qPCR) was significantly higher with aging in B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, osteoblast progenitors, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. Further, in vivo quantification of senescence-associated distension of satellites (SADS), ie, large-scale unraveling of pericentromeric satellite DNA, revealed significantly more senescent osteocytes in old compared with young bone cortices (11% versus 2%, p < 0.001). In addition, primary osteocytes from old mice had sixfold more (p < 0.001) telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs) than osteocytes from young mice. Corresponding with the age-associated accumulation of senescent osteocytes was significantly higher expression of multiple SASP markers in osteocytes from old versus young mice, several of which also showed dramatic age-associated upregulation in myeloid cells. These data show that with aging, a subset of cells of various lineages within the bone microenvironment become senescent, although senescent myeloid cells and senescent osteocytes predominantly develop the SASP. Given the critical roles of osteocytes in orchestrating bone remodeling, our findings suggest that senescent osteocytes and their SASP may contribute to age-related bone loss. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research