bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROFILE OF KERATOMYCOSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Sardana Vandana , Verma Sameer R
Published: February 2021

Introduction- Fungal keratitis or keratomycosis refers to an infective process of the cornea caused by fungi capable of invading the ocular surface. Aims & Objectives-i) To determine the frequency of fungal keratitis in clinically diagnosed cases ii)To identify the aetiological agents of keratomycosis. iii) To assess the precipitating factors associated with it. Method- A retrospective data of 2 years was analyzed to study the number of cases of fungal keratitis, from among the corneal scrapings submitted to the Department of Microbiology, examined for the presence of fungal elements by direct microscopic methods and for the fungal growth in culture. Results-The frequency of fungal keratitis in clinically diagnosed cases was 28.6 %. Among the positive cases, males outnumbered females with the ratio of 1.67:1. The maximum number of positive cases were seen in the age group of 21-30 years, followed by the age groups of 31-40 years and 11-20 years. The most common cause of fungal keratitis was Aspergillus flavus (31.25 %), followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (18.75 %), Fusarium solani and Candida albicans (12.5 % each ), and Cladophialophora bantiana, Curvularia, Mucor and Candida tropicalis (6.25 % each ). Aspergillus species were found to be isolated from 50% of cases of keratomycosis. Filamentous fungi were predominantly associated with mycotic keratitis, accounting for 81.25% of cases, as compared to yeasts which had caused keratitis in 18.75% of cases. Amongst the cases of keratomycosis, all were positive for fungal growth on culture, out of which 81.25% cases were also positive for the presence of fungal elements on direct microscopy. Discussion: Keratomycosis is the leading cause of ocular morbidity worldwide, including India. Fungal agents causing keratitis should receive special attention due to their opportunistic behaviour and indolent course of disease. Lack of early diagnosis and treatment prelude the onset of complications, which may compromise the patient’s vision and thereby the quality of life. Conclusion: Regular surveillance and scrutiny of mycotic keratitis is important and essential to understand the pattern of fungi, existing or emerging, so as to prevent the unnecessary and irrational usage of antibiotics.
OUTCOME OF TYPE 1 TYMPANOPLASTY WITH CARTILAGE-PERICHONDRIUM GRAFT IN COMPARISON WITH TEMPORALIS FASCIA
Authors: Gupta Shambhu Sharan , Kumar Satish , Jana Debarshi
Published: February 2021

Objective: To compared the outcome of Type 1 tympanoplasty with cartilage-perichondrium graft in comparison with temporalis fascia graft in terms of post-operative graft take-up and hearing results.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study among 80 patients between 15 and 60 years of age satisfying the inclusion criteria with complaints of ear discharge and hearing loss due to COM - mucosal type was conducted. Patients were grouped in two groups of 40 patients each. Group A patients underwent Type 1 tympanoplasty with temporalis fascia and Group B with cartilage-perichondrium graft. Patients were followed up for graft uptake, hearing improvement and rate of failure are compared for both the grafts. Graft uptake was assessed at the end of the 1st month, 3rd month, and 6th month, and hearing was assessed at the end of the 6th month with pure tone audiometry.
Results: Patients with temporalis fascia graft showed a take-up rate of 80% and cartilage-perichondrium graft of 92.5% by 6 months. Among the fascia group, graft failure was seen in 20% (8). One patient had failed take-up of graft and four patients showed reperforation. In cartilage group, three patients showed failure of take-up of graft during the 1st month. No patient had reperforation or retraction. Air-bone gap in fascia group showed a closure to 10 dB in 17.5% (7). In the cartilage group, 10 dB in 25% (10 patients). In our short-term follow-up of 6 months, we found that cartilage-perichondrial graft reduces the chance of reperforation and retraction even with variation in middle ear pressure due to eustachian tube catarrh. It gives good take-up rate and comparable hearing result as that of the fascia graft. It does not affect the sound conduction when thinned out to appropriate thickness. It is available from the same surgical field and in sufficient quantity for the closure of the TM defect. Cartilage-perichondrium graft for Type 1 tympanoplasty could be a successful replacement for temporalis fascia giving good result with neotympanum.
A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY OF COMPARISON OF PROPHYLACTIC KETAMINE, CLONIDINE AND TRAMODOL FOR THE CONTROL OF SHIVERING UNDER NEURAXIALANAESTHESIA
Authors: Krishan Rajeev , Singh Praveen Kumar , Choudhary Chandeshwar , Jana Debarshi
Published: February 2021

Background: Thermoregulatory system coordinates defenses against environmental temperature to maintain internal core temperature within a narrow range, thus optimizing normal body function and homeostasis in humans. Anaesthetic induced thermoregulatory impairment and hence hypothermia in cold environments. Shivering is an important complication of hypothermia. Shivering is an involuntary, oscillatory muscular activity that augments metabolic heat production upto 600% above basal level to increase temperature. It is associated with substantial adrenergic activation, discomfort and can double or even triple oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Potent anti-shivering properties have been attributed to numerous drugs including biogenic monoamines, cholinomimetics, cations, endogenous peptides and possibly N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists like ketamine, tramadol and clonidine. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic use of intravenous ketamine, clonidine and tramadol in control of shivering and to note any side-effects of the drugs used. Methods: A total number of 120 ASA I and 2 patients of either sex belonging to age group 18-60 years posted for Lower Abdomen and Lower Limb surgeries under subarachnoid block were divided into four groups of 30 each. Group P (control group): Patients received 10mL of normal saline IV as placebo. Group K: Patients received Inj. Ketamine 0.5mg/kg BW IV diluted to 10ml in Normal Saline. Group C: Patients received Inj. Clonidine 75mcg IV diluted to 10ml in Normal Saline. Group T: patients received Inj. Tramadol 0.5mg/kg BW IV diluted to 10ml in normal saline. Results: We conclude that giving Ketamine 0.5mg/kg,Clonidine 75mcg or tramadol 0.5mg/kg i.v. prophylactically just before subarachnoid block significantly decreased the incidence of shivering without causing any major side effects. Conclusion: Ketamine, Tramadol or Clonidine decrease shivering during spinal anesthesia.
MID TERM OUTCOME OF OPEN WEDGE HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY AT ORTHOPAEDICS DEPARTMENT OF DMCH, LAHERIASARAI, BIHAR
Authors: Shankar Kunal , Harinandan Vikash M. , Chaudhary Laljee , Jana Debarshi
Published: February 2021

Introduction: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a common surgical technique for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis of tibio-femoral component of knee, indicated in young and active patients with varus deformity. It can be performed by lateral closed wedge osteotomy, medial open wedge osteotomy and dome osteotomy. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the (1) Incidence and severity of complications after medial open wedge osteotomy, (2) functional outcome, (3) survival rate of HTO, (4) incidence of revision to TKR.
Materials And Methods: We have evaluated 32 knees in 27 patients operated during last 3 years (August 2016 to July 2019) who have undergone Medial open wedge HTO for Unicompartmental (medial) OA of knee. The indications for surgery were medial compartment osteoarthritis with varus deformity of knee, young and active patients with age < 55yrs, progressive symptoms unresponsive to conservative treatment for at least 6 months, >90˚ of flexion, flexion contracture <10˚, intact cruciates and collaterals. Post-operatively, patients were followed up every month till bony union, thereafter every 3 months for 1yr post-surgery, at final follow-up and were evaluated for the complications and the functional outcome using HSS knee score.
Results: The mean duration of bony union was 12 weeks (10-16). All the pre-operative range of movements was retained post-operatively. HSS knee score has increased significantly following medial open wedge HTO. 5 year-survival rate was 100% and 10 year-survival rate was 87.5%. Four patients were revised to total knee replacement (12.5%). In our study, overall complication rate was 10.93%.
Conclusion: Success of arthroplasty in recent decades has degraded HTO lately, but HTO is still a viable option for young and active patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of knee with varus deformity, with flexion >90˚, with flexion contracture < 10˚. It is less expensive and no changes in lifestyle are required which is very useful in Indian perspective. It retains all the pre-operative movements and helps in delaying total knee arthroplasty.
RESULT OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS (MIPO) WITH USE OF LOCKING PLATE IN FRACTURE TIBIA DISTAL END
Authors: Shankar Kunal , Harinandan Vikash M. , Chaudhary Laljee , Jana Debarshi
Published: February 2021

Background: The fractures of distal tibia including tibial pilon pose a great challenge to the surgeon due to subcutaneous location, scarcity of blood supply and paucity of soft tissue coverage. Minimal invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) has evolved as a newer concept to treat distal tibial fractures with minimal articular comminution and minimal soft tissue damage. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of MIPO technique with use of a locking plate in fracture tibia distal end.
Method: During the study period of two years, total 45 cases of closed distal tibial fractures (Diaphyseal and metaphyseal region) were operated by MIPO technique with a distal tibial anatomical locking plate (3.5 and 4.5 mm). They were followed up at regular intervals and results were evaluated.
Results: The age of the patients ranged from 20-60 years with the majority (19; 42.22%) of them being in the age of 40-50 years. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accident (33; 73.33%). In all patients MIPO was performed, in none of them, fracture site was opened. Mobilization of adjacent joints was carried out mostly from second to fourth postoperative day. Most of the fractures united between 10-12 weeks (26; 57.77%). On analyzing the results of MIPO, excellent results were seen in 66.66% cases and 33.34% had satisfactory results.
Conclusion: Hereby we concluded that though various modalities of treatment of fractures of the distal tibia are present MIPO seem to be better technique if done under skillful guidance as done in this study.
EVALUATION OF RADIOLOGICAL UNION OF CALVARIA FOLLOWING CRANIOTOMY
Authors: Begum Majida , Sengupta Sudip Kumar , Malik Parvesh , Jana Debarshi
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION
This is an Am bidirectional observational study. Study population is the patients who have undergone craniotomy for any indication in the department of neurosurgery of CH (EC) from September 2016 to Aug 2019. A list of patients who have undergone NCCT/CECT head during their follow up period, due to any clinical indication, drawn. All such patients interviewed and clinically examined for pain at the craniotomy site.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The incidence of non-union was Correlation between non-union and predisposing factors via primary pathology, fixation technique, age, sex, comorbidities such as DM, TB and radiotherapy. Correlation with postoperative headache
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area Command Hospital Eastern Command. Study population- Patients who have undergone craniotomy for any indication in the department of neurosurgery of CH (EC) from September 2016 to Aug 2019. Sample size is the number of patients who have undergone CT Scan evaluation based on clinical indications in the post operative period. Am bidirectional observational study
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
We showed that in ICSOL was significantly in higher non union and bad union patients; Head Injury was significantly higher in good union patients. It was found that carcinoma patients were higher in non union and bad union which was statistically significant. Radiation patients were higher in good union which was statistically significant. Present study found that Post-Op Headache was significantly higher in non union and bad union and mean Rate of union was higher in good union. Association of Fixation Technique with Non Union, Good Union and Bad Union was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
We can conclude that patients are more likely to have their craniotomy fuse if they did not undergo radiation treatment or have sutures secure the free ﬂap. Craniotomy fusion rates after free ﬂap increases steadily over time, as expected. We were not able to demonstrate that clinical factors such as age, sex, BMI, diagnosis, ﬁxation material, and radiation have an impact on fusion rate when time to fusion was considered.
Perfil dos hemofílicos provenientes de uma associação de pacientes
Authors: Holsbach Denise Rodrigues , Bento Andrea Pecce , Jardim João Vitor de Lorenzi , Silva Matheus Assis Ribeiro da , Pereira Leonardo Costa
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: traçar o perfil epidemiológico de hemofílicos vinculados a uma associação de pacientes do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Método: pesquisa transversal realizada com indivíduos do gênero masculino acima dos 18 anos de idade. Catorze participantes foram submetidos a uma ficha de avaliação contendo questões sociodemográficas e clínicas. O presente estudo utilizou análises de frequências para descrição da amostra. Para as variáveis quantitativas rodou-se o teste de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk. Resultados: a média de idade encontrada foi de 32,64 anos ± 9,32. A maior parte dos indivíduos residia a menos de 30 km do centro de tratamento e apresentaram a forma grave da doença. Em relação às comorbidades, um indivíduo apresentou inibidor do fator de coagulação e as infecções virais estiveram ausentes em 71,4% dos participantes, em um período que não havia controle antiviral. As hemorragias articulares predominantes foram observadas no cotovelo e joelho e o hematoma muscular esteve presente em 50% da amostra. O tratamento mais utilizado pelos participantes foi a profilaxia secundária. Conclusão: a partir da caracterização dos pacientes hemofílicos cadastrados em uma associação é possível compreender mais sobre a patologia em estudo, demonstrando que as infecções virais se constituem em importantes comorbidades adquiridas por hemofílicos adultos.
Respon Pemberian Pupuk Urea dan Urine Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Awal
Authors: Nasution Asari , Nadhira Ahmad , Zulkifli Tengku Boumedine Hamid
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian respon pemberian pupuk urea dan urine sapi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di pembibitan awal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada September sampai Desember 2015 di Kebun Masyarakat Kelurahan Sari Rejo, Kecamatan Medan Polonia. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan dua taraf yaitu: faktor pertama: pemberian pupuk urea dengan 3 taraf: P0= tanpa pupuk urea; P1= pupuk urea 2 g/polibag; P2= pupuk urea 4 g/polibag. Faktor kedua: pemberian urine sapi 4 taraf: U0= tanpa urine sapi; U1= urine sapi 80 ml/polibag; U2= urine sapi 160 ml/polibag; U3= urine sapi 240 ml/polibag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk urea dapat meningkatkan tinggi bibit tanaman kelapa sawit umur 11 MST dengan dosis 4 g/polibag memberikan tinggi bibit kelapa sawit tertinggi 21,17 cm. Pemberian urine sapi belum dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kelapa sawit. Interaksi antara pemberian pupuk urea dan urine sapi belum dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit  di pembibitan awal.
Influence of Foliar Application of Magnesium on Horticultural Crops: A Review
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Tampubolon Koko , Ur Rehman Fazal , Saeed Muhammad Sulaman , Hayyat Muhammad Sikander , Imran Muhammad , Tahir Rohoma , Mehta Jitendra
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Magnesium is very important nutrient and performs a significant part in development and formation of many sink organs like roots and seeds. Furthermore, its fertilization significantly affects yield and numerous physiological mechanisms in different horticulture crop species. Moreover, its deficiency caused germination and reduction in horticulture crop stand. Nevertheless, its adequate concentration by foliar application plays important role in biochemical and physiological processes of plants like proteins synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrates, enzymes activation and energy transferring. Worldwide, many of our horticulture crops are facing low yield and quality problem due to fertilizer application at inadequate rate. The current review focuses on the impact of foliar applied Mg on some important cultivated horticultural crops (sugar beet, tomato, banana, potato, spinach, cauliflower, cassava, garlic, green case, potus, cucumber and grapes).

Review results: Our extensive review has demonstrated that magnesium is very important factor limiting horticulture crop production but its negative impacts can be reduced by foliar application of magnesium. Foliar application of Mg can be recommended for correcting deficiencies because foliar sprays have no long term residual effect and every time fresh applications must be given to each crop. Moreover, amount depends on the nutrient status of crop and soil.
PREVALENCE OF NASAL CARRIAGE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE DEPARTMENTS OF OTORINOLARYNGOLOGY AND DENTISTRY IN KYIV, UKRAINE
Authors: Salmanov Aidyn G. , Bondar Taras P. , Shkorbotun Yaroslav V. , Chumak Evelina A. , Shkorbotun Volodymyr O. , Dementieva Olena V. , Pererva Vadim V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the departments of Otorinolaryngology and Dentistry and to determine of genes virulence factors (Panton Valentine Leukocidine (PVL) genes).
Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The virulence factor encoding genes, mecA, lukS-lukF, were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Results: Incidence rate of S. aureus nasal carriage among HCWs was 36.2%, whereas MRSA carriage was 17%. Prevalence of MRSA carriage rate was 34.9% in Otorhinolaryngology departments and 9.7% in Dentistry. PCR testing confirmed that all MRSA strains were mecA gene-positive. The virulence factor encoding genes were detected in 82.3% of the S. aureus isolates from HCWs. Among S.aureus, the lukS-lukF genes were detected in over 59% of the strains. The lukS-lukF genes were detected in 55.5% of MRSA and in 58.9% of MSSA strains. LukS-lukF genes were most commonly co-present in MRSA strains. No significant difference was detected between the occurrences of lukS-lukF genes (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Personnell in otorhinolaryngology and dentistry departments have a high rate of nasal colonization of MRSA. This carrier state may be an important risk factor for transmission MRSA from physicians and nurses to patients and vice-versa. Screening for MRSA nasal carriage of HCWs is a key element in enabling infection control measures and early therapeutic decisions.
INFLUENCE OF PECULARITIES OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE (SHAPE) OF DUODENAL BULB ON THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF “KISSING” ULCERS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NON-ATROPHIC GASTRITIS
Authors: Avramenko Anatoly A.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To determine of the factors influencing the formation of “kissing” duodenal bulb ulcer in patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis. Materials and methods: The data of a comprehensive examination of 34 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis were analyzed, in which the examination revealed “kissing” ulcers of the duodenal bulb (primary group), and 37 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis, in which single ulcers were detected in the bulb (control group). Comprehensive examination included: step-by-step intragastric pH-metry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, helicobacter infection test (НР) (helicobacter urease test and microscopic examination of stained smears), histological investigations of the gastric stump mucous, material for which was taken during endoscopy from 4 topographical zones: from the middle third of the gastric antrum and body of stomach on the big and small curvature. Results: In the course of the examination, the presence of chronic non-atrophic gastritis in 100% of cases was confirmed with a different degree of activity of the inflammatory process on the gastric mucosa, as well as the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection with a high degree of colonization of the gastric mucosa in the absence of a significant difference (p> 0.05) in the stomach zones. It was found that the main difference that can be traced in 100% of cases is the difference in the anatomical structure of the bulb of the duodenum, namely, the shape: in the control group, the shape and lumen of the duodenal bulb are round, while in the patients of the main group the bulb the duodenum, starting from the pylorus, is stretched toward the large and small curvature, which gives the lumen bulb its oval shape. Conclusions: “Kissing” ulcers of the duodenal bulb are formed in patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis only if the patients have a peculiar anatomical structure of the bulb, in which the lumen has an oval shape.
A METHOD OF COMPLEX EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OSTIOMEATAL COMPLEX COMPONENTS, LOWER WALL OF MAXILLARY AND FRONTAL SINUSES
Authors: Alekseeva Victoriia V. , Nechiporenko Alina S. , Lupyr Andrii V. , Yurevych Nadiia O. , Gargin Vitaliy V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Was to evaluate the anatomical variability of the frontal and maxillary sinuses, ostiomeatal complex components (OMC) and to identify factors that contribute to complications of inflammatory processes and development of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.
Materials and methods: The study involved assessment of 100 spiral computed tomograms (SCT) of human patients without pathological processes in the PNS area. The basic parameters of the anatomical structure of the ostiomeatal complex (the area of the hooked process and the middle nasal conch, their transverse dimensions, the density and dimensions of the natural connection), the thickness and the density of the lower wall of the maxillary and frontal sinuses were determined. These parameters were investigated by the method of uncertainty calculation.
Results: The findings showed that the bone density of the maxillary sinus on the left was 57.713 ± 440.356 Hu (minimum), 1101.507 ± 613.4882 Hu (maximum); 96.2752 ± 395.0 and 1028.691 ± 620.4051 on the right, respectively, the density of the inferior frontal sinus wall on the right was 5.5179 ± 276.43 and 831.1607 ± 732.274, on the left 12.069 ± 310.56 and 898.293 ± 748, respectively. In the same way, the probable OMC structure parameters, in the range ± U at the confidence level p = 0.95, were calculated.
Conclusions: Thus, some variants of the anatomical structure of the ostiomeatal complex can be a prerequisite for hypoventilation of PNS and, as a consequence, lead to inflammatory processes in them. Features of the same structure of the walls of the PNS are a prerequisite for the propagation of the inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues and the development of complications.
ESTRADIOL BLOOD LEVEL AND ESR1 GENE POLYMORPHISM IN WOMEN WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Authors: Pakharenko Lyudmyla V. , Vdovichenko Yuri P. , Kurtash Nataliia Ya. , Basiuha Iryna O. , Kravchuk Inna V. , Vorobii Volodymyr D. , Kusa Olena M.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To evaluate the association between estrogen receptor (ESR1) α- Xbal polymorphism with estradiol serum blood level in the patients with premenstrual syndrome.
Materials and methods: 50 women with premenstrual syndrome and 20 controls were examined. The level of estradiol was measured in the blood serum in both phases of the menstrual cycle by ELISA method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to study ESR1 gene polymorphism (A-351G variant).
Results: The estradiol concentration was similar in two phases of the menstrual cycle between healthy women and patients with premenstrual syndrome. But the more growth of estradiol in the luteal phase was determined in the persons with premenstrual syndrome. The rate of GG genotype was the largest in women with severe premenstrual syndrome (χ2=3.52, p=0.06). Also, in the persons with severe premenstrual syndrome who had G allele (GG+AG genotype) the estradiol concentration in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle was on 50.00 % (p=0.02) higher compared to carriers of AA genotype. There was no difference in estradiol level between healthy women with GG+AG genotype and AA genotype.
Conclusions: AG polymorphism of ESR1 gene may be the marker of development of premenstrual syndrome.
VISIT-TO-VISIT BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE IN RURAL DWELLERS WITH UNCOMPLICATED ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Nimtsovych Tetiana I. , Kravchenko Anatolii  M. , Mishcheniuk Olha Yu. , Chursina Tamara Ya. , Mikhaliev Кyrylo О. , Polovyi Viktor P.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To examine the association of hypertensive mediated target organ damage with blood pressure visit-to-visit variability in Ukrainian rural dwellers with uncomplicated hypertension.
Material and methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 160 adult males with uncomplicated primary hypertension (mean age 50±6 yo). We analyzed office systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, obtained at four consecutive visits. We used standard deviation (SD) value to assess blood pressure visit-to-visit variability. The patients were referred to the group with high (n=82; 51.3%) vs low (n=78; 48.7%) blood pressure variability (HBPV, LBPV).
Results: HBPV patients were characterized by higher left ventricular myocardial mass indexed to height 2.7: median, interquartile range: 70.9 (61.3-78.2) vs 50.9 (44.9-54.4)
g/m2.7, respectively p<0.001. The cases of severe left ventricular hypertrophy prevailed in HBPV group (vs LBPV): 68% vs 5%, respectively, p<0.001. HBPV group was characterized by larger common carotid artery intima-media complex thickness, advanced hypertensive retinopathy, higher urine albumin/creatinine ratio value and worse kidneys’ glomerular filtration rate. The obtained results might be helpful in the context of global monitoring of vulnerable high risk population of hypertensive rural males.
Conclusions: The HBPV in rural hypertensive males was associated with more pronounced target organ damage. Further regional research on the various clinical aspects of hypertension, including blood pressure variability, might be useful in extending the existed evidence on prevention of hypertension-related complications.
DENTAL CROWN BIOMINERALIZATION DURING ITS HISTOGENESIS
Authors: Kostyrenko Oleksij P. , Vynnyk Nataliia I. , Koptev Mykhailo M. , Hasiuk Petro A. , Skrypnyk Maksym I. , Bilous Alevtyna M. , Proskurnya Serhii A.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Thepaper wasaimedat thestudyof thebiomineralization processesofa permanentdental crown in thepostnatal period of histogenesis.
Materials and methods: The study involved 30 culled puppies aged 30-40 days. To study the histogenesis of the germs of the permanent tooth from the cuticular epithelium in the postnatal period microscopic, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical methods of study have been used.
Results: The studies show that in the postnatal period, the maturation of the germ of a permanent tooth starts with the synthesis of cells of the cuticular epithelium of the
organic stroma, capable of subsequent mineralization. Differentiation of the proameloblasts, located on the surface of the dental papillary mesenchyma, at the early stages of histogenesis, is strongly associated with the appearance of a specific protein taftelin. Origination of secretory ameloblasts, which produce the protein enamelin, triggers the process of secondary biomineralization of the enamel. The terminal processes of the secretory ameloblasts produce the protein in the form of layers that overlap each other at a certain angle. Such layering of the structures of enamel and dentin contributes to the S-shaped maturation of the hard tooth tissues, strengthening them considerably. At the follicle stage, maturation of the dental crown, coated with cuticular epithelium, occurs. Invaginations of the cuticular epithelium form a characteristic topography of the dental crown, and enamel projections are further formed by the ameloblasts. Epitheliocytes of the inner layer of the enamel organ have desmosomal connections that allow the filtration of the salivary fluid at the stage of the enamel trophism.
Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that, normally, due to the cuticular epithelium, filtration of the salivary fluid occurs with protein deposition on it and subsequent infiltration of the calcium salts into the subjacent enamel.
THE INFLUENCE OF HIP ARTHROPLASTY ON HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN MALE POPULATION WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS HIP DISEASE
Authors: Białkowska Monika , Stołtny Tomasz , Pasek Jarosław , Mielnik Michał , Szyluk Karol , Baczyński Kamil , Hawranek Robert , Koczy-Baron Aleksandra , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Cieślar Grzegorz , Koczy Bogdan
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Hip osteoarthritis is a disabling disease which become substantial health-related, social, and economic issue. The aim: To assess short term quality of life in male population with hip ostheoarthritis, after total hip arthroplasty. Material and methods: 118 male patients were included in the study, age range from 31 to 79 year-old, who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Patients quality of life was assessed using questioners: abbreviated version of WHOQoL-BREF, as well as EQ-5D-5L, and SF-36 scale. Patients condition was investigated before surgery, 6 weeks and 6 months after the surgery. Results: The results from WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire demonstrated a statistically significant improvement of quality of life after the surgery – 6 weeks after the procedure by 4% and 21% (p<0.001), after 6 months by 13% and 42% (p<0.001), respectively. The most significant improvement was found in the somatic domain – by 5% after 6 weeks, and by 6% after 6 months (p<0.001). The quality of life according to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire revealed statistically significant improvement after 6 weeks, by 18-24% (p<0.001), after 6 months by 41-48% (p<0.001). Substantial improvement was achieved in reducing pain and improving mobility. SF-36 questionnaire showed statistically significant improvement after 6 months from the surgery in both physical (by 44%), and mental condition (by 54%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Improvement of the quality of life – mainly less severe pain and better mobility after total hip arthroplasty in the investigated group of men was proven in 6 weeks after the procedure, while the further progress was more noticeable 6 months after the procedure.
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION INDICATORS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OCCLUSION SURFACES OF ORTHOPEDIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Yarova Svitlana P. , Turchenenko Sergii O. , Tkachenko Iryna M. , Yarov Yuriy Yu.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Is to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of constructing occlusal surfaces of orthopedic structures by monitoring the dynamics of functional indicators of occlusion and the functional condition of the masticatory muscles.
Materials and methods: The object of the study was made up by 64 patients with included defects of the dentition of the 3rd class according to Kennedy. Patients were
divided into two equal groups – the main group (patients were treated by using the suggested method of construction of occlusal surfaces of orthopedic structures) and control (dentition defects were replaced according to the traditional protocol).
Results: The results of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method showed that the index of symmetry of the anterior bundles of the temporal muscles dropped by
18.5%, the index of symmetry of the masticatory muscles reduced by 22%, the torque of the mandible reduced by 32%, the index of stabilizing occlusal – by 27%, relative
efforts of balance disturbance for more than 10 % regarding the left and right reduced by a factor of 4.4, the rate of opening time was 1.5 times higher than before, the rate of
time of opening of the jaws – 1.8 times.
Conclusions: The use of the suggested method of orthopedic treatment with temporary structures leads to probable changes in the studied functional parameters in comparison with the control group (p <0,05).
FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND COGNITIVE COMPETENCY OF JUNIOR SPECIALISTS IN THE PROCESS OF SELF-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY: EXPERIENCIAL ASPECT
Authors: Palamar Svitlana P. , Nazarenko Liudmyla A. , Vaskivska Halyna O. , Nezhyva Liudmyla L. , Golota Nataliya N. , Zhelanova Viktorija V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: The purpose is to elucidate the methodical system of formation of educational and cognitive competence of students of medical education institutions, the results of the research.
Materials and methods: The approbation of the proposed methodology is analyzed, the results of the experiment were clarified. Using the methods of Student’s mathematical
statistics, the effectiveness of the methodical system of formation of educational and cognitive competence of students of medical education institutions was determined, the results are reflected in tables and calculations.
Results: With the purpose of solving educational and practical, scientific, educational and cognitive tasks, the types of activity of future junior specialists, which differ in the
degree of obligatory fulfillment, are distinguished. It is shown that the realization of the cognitive principles of self-educational activity, which students perceive as their own
internal need, is of great importance.
Conclusions: After investigation of the impact of students’ self-educational activities on the formation of their educational and cognitive competence, we argue that it is the main component of the educational process, which requires a willful effort to overcome difficulties and is implemented through goal-setting, planning and staged implementation.
DIABETES MELLITUS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: VERDICT OR NOT?
Authors: Halushko Oleksandr A. , Trishchynska Maryna A. , Povietkina Tetiana M. , Boliuk Mariana V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To investigate the causes of the negative impact of diabetes mellitus co-morbidity on the onset and development of COVID-19 in diabetic patients.
Materials and methods: Electronic databases of MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched using keyword searches.
Conclusions: 1. Diabetes mellitus is not a verdict. Diabetic patients can have COVID-19 with the same frequency as other people. And diabetes mellitus co-morbidity does not
increase the probability of development COVID-19.
2. Previous diabetes can contribute the complications of COVID-19, patient’s severe condition and can increase the mortality.
3. The reasons for the negative results of COVID 19 treatment in patients with diabetes may be: features of autonomic innervation in patients with diabetes, impaired function
of pancreatic islet cells due to the influence of SARS-CoV-2, use of some cardiac drugs, expression of inflammatory factors due to infection.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS – RISK FACTORS
Authors: Adamczyk- Sowa Monika , Gębka- Kępińska Barbara , Kępiński Michał
Published: February 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmunological condition of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting mainly young adult individuals. The prevalence ranges approximately between 50 and 300 per 100000 individuals. It is characterized by an inflammatory process, demyelination and axonal loss. Immunological mechanisms resulting in the damage to the myelin sheath effecting then in impaired nerve impulse conduction have the key role in MS pathogenesis. The role of inflammatory factors has also been proved. However, it has not been explicitly shown whether such an inflammatory process is the triggering factor or secondary to a yet unknown infectious factor or a degenerative process of the CNS. Therefore, recognition of the epigenetic risk factors, such as: geographical latitude, vitamin D level, hygiene hypothesis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and others may contribute to better understanding of the mechanism underlying multiple sclerosis. Additionally, they may provide guidelines for more efficient therapies and better prevention of the disease. Aim of this review is to present most current data on multiple sclerosis risk factors, considering those less known.
MODERN ASPECTS IN DIAGNOSIS OF TONGUE`S PARAFUNCTIONS (LITERATURE REWIEV)
Authors: Smaglyuk Lyubov V. , Тrofymenkо Мaryna V. , Bіlоus Аlevtyna M.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To analyze modern research methods that allow to determine the features of the position of the tongue during the functions of swallowing and speech.
Materials and methods: An analysis of 37 literature sources, which contains information about the methods of examination of patients with dento-maxillar anomalies.
Conclusions: The functions of the tongue (swallowing and speaking) are very complex and coordinated movements that require the activation of many anatomical structures.
Therefore, the disorders of the tongue during swallowing and speech are still considered by scientists as the most difficult in terms of correction and achieving of the long-term and stable results of orthodontic treatment. The study of modern trends in the diagnosis of the state of language functions in terms of understanding the functioning of the dental-maxillary area as a masticatory organ, the work and condition of the components of which depend on many systems of the human body, is relevant.
Thus, the emergence of new and modifications of existing research methods undoubtedly expand the capabilities of modern orthodontists. However, this does not reduce the importance of the clinical stage of examination of patients with disorders of the maxillofacial area, including the functions of the tongue. Therefore, it is necessary to know and understand the advantages and disadvantages of modern and existing research technologies, which will allow to choose a communicatively integrated and differentiated approach to diagnostic issues in each clinical case.
CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OFABNORMAL INVASION OF THE PLACENTA IN OBSTETRICS
Authors: Vygivska Liudmyla A. , Yakovenko Olena A. , Blagoveschenskiy Evgen V. , Babadzhanian Yevheniia M. , Rudenko Lesia A. , Yakovenko Kyrylo V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: On the basis of literature data, as well as a clinical case study, to assess the state of the problem of abnormal invasion of the placenta in obstetrics at the present stage.
Materials and methods: Based on the materials of the world’s leading citation databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane), a brief review of the literature data over the past 5 years is presented, dedicated to the issues of abnormal placental invasion. The possibilities of a complex of diagnostic studies and clinical management of women with an anomaly of placenta attachment are considered. A clinical case study of abnormal placental invasion is presented.
Conclusions: AIP is an extremely serious condition with not fully understood etiological and pathogenic mechanisms. Correct and timely verification of this pathological condition, based on the simultaneous use of a whole complex of diagnostic studies (history taking, 2D, 3D, energy and color Doppler mapping, MRI), contributes to the development of individual tactics for the management and delivery in women with AIP, making it possible to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and improve perinatal outcomes.
ANALISIS BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI SAYUR HIDROPONIK DI POKDARWIS ( KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA) OLEAN
Authors: Chandra Nurma Novia Oky , Suryaningsih Yasmini
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh produk, harga, promosi, dan lokasi terhadap minat beli sayur hidroponik di POKDARWIS Olean serta untuk mengetahui variabel yang paling dominan terhadap minat beli sayur hidroponik di POKDARWIS Olean. Daerah penelitian ditentukan menggunakan metode purposive dengan pertimbangan karena POKDARWIS Olean adalah salah satu objek wisata edukasi hidroponik di Kabuaten Situbondo serta memiliki lingkup pasar yang relatif luas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif, sedangkan data yang di peroleh dari lapangan akan di analisa dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, uji t, dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian aspek bauran pemasaran yang terdiri dari produk dan harga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat beli sedangkan aspek bauran pemasaran lainnya yang terdiri dari promosi dan lokasi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli. Selain itu, dari penelitian ini di peroleh hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel produk merupakan variabel yang paling dominan terhadap minat beli sayur hidroponik di POKDARWIS Olean dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,480.
ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL FLOWS BY AGRICULTURAL SUBJECTS
Authors: USIKOVA Elena Mykolaivna
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of estimating accounting cash flows that directly generate cash flow, influence and are managed by various actors in the agribusiness and the entire agro-industrial environment. After all, in the country where the agribusiness is concentrated, there are a number of unresolved issues in the field of research of agro-industrial enterprises, which led to the need for generalization and development of accounting and analytical support for the assessment of data of agricultural enterprises within accounting approaches to analytical evaluation. An analytical evaluation of the effectiveness of financial flow management is provided, which assures the enterprises in the process of its strategic and current development. The processes of agribusiness financial flows management and decision-making processes that should ensure a smooth process are considered. The liquid cash flow characterizing the absolute value of cash is investigated. The conceptual model of accounting and analytical support of financial recovery was used, as well as the analysis of the results of the activity of agribusiness entities.
The results of the study showed that financial flow as an accounting category is divided over time into a series of payments with positive and negative value – that is, cash flows and their equivalents. Therefore, it is necessary to have an adequate system of accounting information, which will allow to use all available resources with maximum efficiency for effective development of agribusiness in Ukraine. Therefore, analytical valuation is an integral part of today, because there is such a situation that many domestic enterprises are not able to provide effective cash flow management without properly organized accounting and analytical assessment of financial flows of agribusiness entities. Optimization of valuation will allow to determine the most effective forms and conditions of implementation of current operations, as well as rational directions of assets and profit placement. Only a comprehensive approach will allow to ensure transparency of the estimation process of financial flows of enterprises and will facilitate timely decision-making in the process of its activity.
Key words: accounting and analytical support, agricultural enterprise, accounting approaches, cash flows, liquid cash flow, accounting system.
MARKETING OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: WORLD AND NATIONAL DIMENSIONS
Authors: KOPAN Тetiana
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The development of the information and communication technologies (ICT) market creates the conditions for further growth of other sectors of the economy. ICT companies provide companies, individuals and government with software, Internet, mobile and fixed communications, and so on.
The purpose of the article is to study the current state of the ICT market in the world and in Ukraine, to identify major trends and threats for further development of the ICT market.
Results. The ICT market is one of the largest dynamically developing markets in the world. Research conducted by leading consulting companies in the world shows that after 2020, the market can grow from 13 to 33 trillion and the blockchain market to 3.1 trillion $. International Data Corporation emphasizes that digital technologies and solutions can reach 60% of global GDP by the end of 2022. The world leader in the number of ICT corporations is the United States, with headquarters of the 65 world's largest companies, 20 in China, Taiwan - 17, Japan - 14, South Korea - 6, India - 5 companies. The IT services market accounts for 0,5% of the global IT services market. In Ukraine there are 125 registered self-employed individuals that are used by large companies to optimize their tax burden. Income of such American ICT companies such as Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft significantly exceeds the size of the state budget of Ukraine, and part of the revenues from the ICT market occupies only 4,5% of GDP, which is clearly insufficient and is evidence of an economic development lag.
Conclusions. The imperfection of domestic legislation, the lack of incentives for ICT organizations, the possibility to monopolize the market, the insecurity of the interests of individuals and private companies do not stimulate foreign investments in this sector of the economy. In spite of this, Ukraine has a great potential for its growth, for which it is necessary to develop a national concept and model for the development of the ICT market, to restrain the departure of specialists abroad, to ensure the implementation of the business-state partnership strategy, etc.
Keywords: telecommunications market, IT market, telecommunications market and IT services, marketing research, investments, ICT companies.