bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing allied health leaders to enhance person-centred healthcare
Authors: Bradd Patricia , Travaglia Joanne , Hayen Andrew
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present findings from a mixed methods study investigating leadership development of allied health practitioners within a large public healthcare organization in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

The South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Allied Health Leadership Development Program was undertaken with an allied health cohort (n=16) between May 2014 and March 2015 and comprised all-day workshops, action learning sets and individual coaching. Using experiential learning, the program tested whether practice development methods and action learning approaches developed the leadership skills of participants compared with a control group (n=17). Descriptive statistics were collected to evaluate participant and program outcomes. Leadership, workplace culture and engagement measures were analyzed as part of the study.

Findings

The Allied Health Leadership Development Program received high ratings by participants. They reported enhanced skills in leading self and others through mechanisms such as critical reflection and facilitation, and greater confidence managing change and with engaging staff, colleagues and patients in decision making, affecting the quality and safety of healthcare. Statistically significant differences were found with transformational leadership elements, leadership outcomes, and measures of workplace culture and engagement after program completion for intervention group participants, compared with the control group.

Research limitations/implications

Results provide new empirical evidence about the effectiveness of using practice development for allied health leadership development.

Practical implications

This low-cost leadership program can be replicated by other organizations.

Originality/value

Outcomes from an Allied Health Leadership Development Program have not been previously reported in the literature.
Creativity from paradoxical experience: a theory of how individuals achieve creativity while adopting paradoxical frames
Authors: Calic Goran , Hélie Sebastien , Bontis Nick , Mosakowski Elaine
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Extant paradox theory suggests that adopting paradoxical frames, which are mental templates adopted by individuals in order to embrace contradictions, will result in superior firm performance. Superior performance is achieved through learning and creativity, fostering flexibility and resilience and unleashing human capital. The creativity mechanism of paradox theory is limited by a few propositions and a rough underlying theoretical logic. Using the extant theoretical base as a platform, the paper aims to develop a more powerful theory using a computational simulation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper relies on a psychologically realistic computer simulation. Using a simulation to generate ideas from stored information, one can model and manipulate the parameters that have been shown to mediate the relationship between paradoxes and creative output – defined as the number of creative ideas generated.

Findings

Simulation results suggest that the relationship between paradoxical frames and creative output is non-monotonic – contrary to previous studies. Indeed, findings suggest that paradoxical frames can reduce, rather than enhance, creative output, in at least some cases.

Originality/value

An important benefit of adopting paradoxical frames is their capacity to increase creative output. This assumption is challenging to test, because one cannot measure private cognitive processes related to knowledge creation. However, they can be simulated. This allows for the extension of current theory. This new theory depicts a more complete relationship between paradoxical frames and creativity by accounting for subjective differences in how paradoxical frames are experienced along two cognitive mechanisms – differentiation and integration.
Culture vs strategy: which to precede, which to align?
Authors: Kaul Amarjeev
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Appreciation of the utility of strategy and the vitality of the culture in an organization can realize the development of a new culture-centric strategic business model (SBM). Culture beats, eats or trumps strategy is a legitimate and powerful argument often thrown to the air. The purpose of this paper is to un-code the relevance of this argument and to decode its significance.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper and builds on prior conceptual and empirical management research related to strategy and organizational culture. The approach is unbiased toward either strategy or culture.

Findings

The conclusion arrived at is that, in general, strategy must precede culture and culture must be aligned. In specific instances of governance, inner workings of a military organization, cross-cultural context of negotiations, creative advertising and management of change culture may predominate in tactics. Furthermore, with a strategy gone astray, or in the instance of a floundering business or start-up venture, culture must shift to first gear, lead the requisite goal and path development, and strategy must be aligned in the transition. A strategy–culture fit supports a sustained competitive advantage by virtue of a firm’s unique culture proposition (UCP).

Research limitations/implications

The development of a culture-centric SBM will need to be tested by empirical research. The UCP will also need to be researched further.

Practical implications

The conclusion that strategy should generally precede culture will guide firms from not letting their organizational culture from undermining the success of major shifts in strategic goals and business model positioning.

Originality/value

The conceptual arguments will help leaders and managers from marginalizing the value of strategy. However, managers will also be directed toward paying attention to the damaging consequences of ignoring culture. Furthermore, managers will be able to appreciate that culture must not drive strategy, except in specific strategic decision-making contexts.
The role of insiders and organizational support in the learning process of newcomers during organizational socialization
Authors: Mornata Cecilia , Cassar Iolanda
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study aims to focus on newcomers’ learning strategies when they perceive organizational socialization support to be lacking, and on interpersonal characteristics that insiders should possess to support the newcomers’ proactive behaviors in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through 14 face-to-face, in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed with a conventional content analysis method (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2013), involving first a thematic analysis and afterward, a conceptual analysis using MaxQDA11©.

Findings

The authors’ analysis highlights that when newcomers perceive the formal organizational socialization support as lacking, they regulate their proactive behaviors by seeking indirect guidance, and more precisely, by engaging in informal interactions with insiders likely to help them socialize. These interactions can have a cost in terms of self-image, so newcomers regulate their proactive behaviors by looking for insiders perceived to be psychologically safe, even if they have to look for them in other working contexts.

Practical implications

Considering the regulation process of newcomers’ proactive behaviors according to their perceptions, human resources management should focus on those perceptions and develop a blended learning approach including formal learning programs, as well as individualized support to facilitate on-the-job learning and respond to personal needs. Special consideration should also be given to interpersonal skills displayed by insiders.

Originality/value

The originality of the study is the use of a qualitative methodology focusing on newcomers’ main learning strategy according to their perception of organizational socialization support and the psychological safety climate. The limitations of the authors’ work are the size of the study population and the fact that part of the interviewees were successfully socialized by reaching 15 months on their new post at the point where the interviews were conducted.
Modeling knowledge sharing and team performance
Authors: Liu Min-Ling , Lin Chieh-Peng , Joe Sheng-Wuu , Chen Kuang-Jung
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To deepen our understanding about the development of team performance, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model that explains how ambidexterity and ethical leadership affect knowledge sharing and team performance through within-team competition.

Design/methodology/approach

This study demonstrates the applicability of ambidexterity and within-team competition by surveying 78 teams from the high-tech and banking industries. This study further presents a three-way interaction among ambidexterity, politics and job complexity.

Findings

This study finds that both ambidexterity and ethical leadership are positively related to knowledge sharing and team performance through the mediation of team development competition.

Originality/value

This study confirms that ambidexterity and ethical leadership play critical factors for improving knowledge sharing and team performance through the mediation of team development competition. Furthermore, the moderating effects of politics and job complexity are also confirmed in the research.
Impact of nutrition education intervention on nutritional status of undernourished children (6-24 months) in East Mamprusi district of Ghana
Authors: Awuuh Vincent Adocta , Appiah Collins Afriyie , Mensah Faustina O.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study aims to determine the impact of nutrition education intervention on nutritional status of undernourished children aged 6-24 months in the East Mamprusi district of Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

This was a pre-post interventional study. In all, 153 undernourished children of age 6-24 months and their mothers were recruited from five communities. Underweight, stunting, wasting, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined at baseline and after intervention. Nutrition education was given to the mothers for three months based on the nutrition problems identified at baseline assessment.

Findings

There were improvements in underweight, wasting, MUAC and Hb levels among the children after the nutrition education intervention. The level of improvement at post-intervention differed significantly for underweight (−2.4 ± 0.4, −2.2 ± 0.4;p= 0. 001), wasting (−2.2 ± 0.6, −1.9 ± 0.6;p= 0. 001), MUAC (12.3 ± 0.5, 12.9 ± 0.6;p= 0. 001) and Hb level (10.0 ± 1.4, 10.5 ± 1.4;p= 0. 001) of the children compared to pre-intervention (−1.4 ± 1.8, −1.3 ± 1.7;p= 0.314).

Practical implications

There was significant improvement in the nutritional status of the undernourished children after the nutrition education intervention. Community nutritionists and stakeholders involved in nutrition and health issues concerning infants and young children should consider nutrition education, as it could be an inexpensive and effective strategy in combating childhood undernutrition in resource-poor settings.

Originality/value

Findings of this study provide evidence, suggesting nutrition education as a potential strategy to curb the high rates of child undernutrition in resource-poor communities in Ghana. This study provides insight for larger studies on the effectiveness of nutrition education in curbing child malnutrition in deprived communities in Ghana.
Sensory attributes and acceptability of complementary foods fortified with Moringa oleifera leaf powder
Authors: Boateng Laurene , Nortey Eunice , Ohemeng Agartha N. , Asante Matilda , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Inadequacies in several micronutrients in complementary foods, notably iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B6 and riboflavin have been reported. Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP), prepared from dried moringa leaves is nutrient-rich and has been explored for the treatment of micronutrient deficiencies among children in developing countries. This increasing interest in the use of moringa oleifera leaves to improve complementary foods notwithstanding, the unique sensory characteristics of the leaf powder potentially holds implications for the acceptability of local diets that are fortified with it. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the levels of MLP fortification that are most acceptable for feeding infants and young children.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors performed a review of the literature, with the aim of investigating the sensory attributes and acceptable levels of fortification of complementary food blends fortified with different levels of MLP.

Findings

The minimum amount of MLP to be added to a complementary food blend to observe significant improvements in its nutritional value was estimated to be about 10 per cent. However, at this 10 per cent fortification level also, sensory attributes of the products begin to become less desirable.

Practical implications

For the success of nutrition interventions that involve the use of MLP to improve the nutritional quality of complementary foods, there is a need to consider the acceptability of the sensory attributes of the formulated blends in the target group. Safety of MLP as an ingredient in infant foods must also be investigated.

Originality/value

The authors of this paper make recommendations for the use of MLP to fortify complementary foods to ensure its success as a food fortificant in nutrition interventions. The researchers are not aware of any published study that focuses on this subject.
Development of a patients-specific 3D-printed preoperative planning and training tool, with functionalized internal surfaces, for complex oncologic cases
Authors: Muguruza Blanco Asier , Krauel Lucas , Fenollosa Artés Felip
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The use of physical 3D models has been used in the industry for a while, fulfilling the function of prototypes in the majority of cases where the designers, engineers and manufacturers optimize their designs before taking them into production. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on the use of 3D models in medicine for preoperative planning. In some highly complex surgeries, the possibility of using printed models to previously perform operations can be determining in the success of the surgery. With the aim of providing new functionalities to an anatomical 3D-printed models, in this paper, a cost-effective manufacturing process has been developed. A set of tradition of traditional techniques have been combined with 3D printing to provide a maximum geometrical freedom to the process. By the use of an electroluminescent set of functional paints, the tumours and vessels of the anatomical printed model have been highlighted, providing to this models the possibility to increase its interaction with the surgeon. These set of techniques has been used to increase the value added to the reproduced element and reducing the costs of the printed model, thus making it more accessible.

Design/methodology/approach

Successfully case in where the use of a low-cost 3D-printed anatomical model was used as a tool for preoperative planning for a complex oncological surgery. The said model of a 70-year-old female patient with hepatic metastases was functionalized with the aim of increasing the interaction with the surgeons. The analysis of the construction process of the anatomical model based on the 3D printing as a tool for their use in the medical field has been made, as well as its cost.

Findings

The use of 3D printing in the construction of anatomical models as preoperative tools is relatively new; however, the functionalization of these tools by using conductive and electroluminescent materials with the aim of increasing the interaction with it by the surgeons is a novelty. And, based on the DIY principles, it offers a geographical limitlessness, reducing its cost without losing the added value.

Originality/value

The process based on 3D printing presented in this paper allows to reproduce low-cost anatomical models by following a simple sequence of steps. It can be done by people with low qualification anywhere with only access to the internet and with the local costs. The interaction of these models with the surgeon based on touch and sight is much higher, adding a very significant value it, without increasing its cost.
Characterisation of 3D printed sand moulds using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Sivarupan Tharmalingam , El Mansori Mohamed , Daly Keith , Mavrogordato Mark Noel , Pierron Fabrice
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be used to quantitatively evaluate the packing density, pore connectivity and provide the basis for specimen derived simulations of gas permeability of sand mould. This non-destructive experiment or following simulations can be done on any section of any size sand mould just before casting to validate the required properties. This paper aims to describe the challenges of this method and use it to simulate the gas permeability of 3D printed sand moulds for a range of controlling parameters. The permeability simulations are compared against experimental results using traditional measurement techniques. It suggests that a minimum volume of only 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to obtain, a reliable and most representative than the value obtained by the traditional measurement technique, the simulated permeability of a specimen.

Design/methodology/approach

X-ray tomography images were used to reconstruct 3D models to simulate them for gas permeability of the 3D printed sand mould specimens, and the results were compared with the experimental result of the same.

Findings

The influence of printing parameters, especially the re-coater speed, on the pore connectivity of the 3D printed sand mould and related permeability has been identified. Characterisation of these sand moulds using X-ray CT and its suitability, compared to the traditional means, are also studied. While density and 3PB strength are a measure of the quality of the moulds, the pore connectivity from the tomographic images precisely relates to the permeability. The main conclusions of the present study are provided below. A minimum required sample size of 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to provide representative permeability results. This was obtained from sand specimens with an average sand grain size of 140 µm, using the tomographic volume images to define a 3D mesh to run permeability calculations. Z-direction permeability is always lower than that in the X-/Y-directions due to the lower values of X-(120/140 µm) and Y-(101.6 µm) resolutions of the furan droplets. The anisotropic permeability of the 3D printed sand mould is mainly due to, the only adjustable, X-directional resolution of the furan droplets; the Y-directional resolution is a fixed distance, 102.6 µm, between the printhead nozzles and the Z-directional one is usually, 280 µm, twice the size of an average sand grain.A non-destructive and most representative permeability value can be obtained, using the computer simulation, on the reconstructed 3D X-ray tomography images obtained on a specific location of a 3D printed sand mould. This saves time and effort on printing a separate specimen for the traditional test which may not be the most representative to the printed mould.

Originality/value

The experimental result is compared with the computer simulated results.
Photoresins based on acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and benzenedithiols for optical 3D printing
Authors: Miezinyte Greta , Ostrauskaite Jolita , Rainosalo Egidija , Skliutas Edvinas , Malinauskas Mangirdas
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is the design and investigation of novel acrylated epoxidized soybean oil-based photocurable systems as candidate materials for optical 3D printing.

Design/methodology/approach

Aromatic dithiols, benzene-1,3-dithiol or benzene-1,4-dithiol, were used as cross-linking agents of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil in these systems. Kinetics of photocross-linking was investigated by real-time photorheometry using two different photoinitiators, 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone or 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, in different quantities. The effect of the initial composition on the rate of photocross-linking, mechanical, thermal properties and swelling of obtained polymers was investigated.

Findings

The rate of photocross-linking was higher, more cross-links and shorter polymer chains between cross-linking points of the network were formed when benzene-1,4-dithiol and 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone were used in compositions. The higher yield of insoluble fraction, glass transition temperatures and values of compressive modulus were obtained when benzene-1,3-dithiol and 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone were used in compositions.

Originality/value

This is the first study of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil-based thiol-ene system by real-time photorheometry. The designed novel photocurable systems based on acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and benzenedithiols are promising renewable photoresins for rapid optical 3D printing on demand.
A three-dimensional framework for multi-tier sustainable supply chain management
Authors: Sauer Philipp C. , Seuring Stefan
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the under-researched role of the sub-supplier’s direct environment in achieving compliance with multi-tier sustainable supply chain management (MT-SSCM) objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

Building on conceptual research, this study aims to generalize the characteristics of multi-tier supply chains in light of institutional theory and supply chain (SC) uncertainty to enhance the understanding of their complex interrelationship.

Findings

A three-dimensional framework is built around the supply and demand uncertainty as well as the pressures for sustainability exerted by the supplier’s direct environment to propose ideal constellations for the application of MT-SSCM. Moreover, research directions and implications for the alteration of suboptimal constellations are developed.

Practical implications

Incorporating the supplier’s environment in the choice of MT-SSCM practices couples the sustainability priorities of the focal firm and the supplier. This enables a more complete picture of the sustainability objectives and sustainable development aims of the SC partners.

Originality/value

On the basis of institutional theory, the study extends current MT-SSCM concepts by including the supplier’s direct environment in the choice of ideal management practices in a particular SC setup. It provides a definition of a multi-tier SC as an institutional field and a number of research implications regarding MT-SSCM as well as generic SSCM. Moreover, the proposed framework helps SC managers to understand the complex interplay of the SC partners’ sustainability aims and provides implications for choosing the most suitable MT-SSCM practices.
Ultrasonic, chemical-assisted ultrasonic and rotary ultrasonic machining of glass: a review paper
Authors: Singh Kanwal Jit , Ahuja Inderpreet Singh , Kapoor Jatinder
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This review paper reveals the literature on ultrasonic, chemical-assisted ultrasonic and rotary ultrasonic machining (USM) of glass material. The purpose of this review paper is to understand and describe the working principle, mechanism of material removal, experimental investigation, applications and influence of input parameters on machining characteristics. The literature reveals that the ultrasonic machines have been generally preferred for the glass and brittle work materials. Some other non-traditional machining processes may thermally damage the work surface. Through these USM, neither thermal effects nor residual stresses have been generated on the machined surface.

Design/methodology/approach

Various input parameters have the significant role in machine performance characteristics. For the optimization of output response, several input parameters have been critically investigated by the various researcher.

Findings

Some advance types of glasses such as polycarbonate bulletproof glass, acrylic heat-resistant glass and glass-clad polycarbonate bulletproof glass still need some further investigation because these materials have vast applications in automobile, aerospace and space industries.

Originality/value

Review paper will be beneficial for industrial application and the various young researcher. Paper reveals the detail literature review on traditional ultrasonic, chemical assisted ultrasonic and rotary USM of glass and glass composite materials.
Managing and supporting quality‐of‐life issues in dysphagia: A survey of clinical practice patterns and perspectives in the UK, Ireland and South Africa
Authors: Moloney Jennifer , Walshe Margaret
Published: October 2018

Background

There is increasing recognition that dysphagia has significant implications for a person's psychological well‐being, social participation and quality of life (QOL). However, a paucity of research exists regarding the clinical management of this area. To inform future research and the development of appropriate and beneficial resources and guidelines, a better understanding of the current practice of speech and language therapists (SLTs) in this area would be useful. This information will highlight current challenges to clinical practice and the ongoing development needs of the profession, which are, as of yet, undocumented.

Aims

To determine the practices of SLTs when addressing QOL issues in individuals with dysphagia, the beliefs of SLTs regarding the impact of dysphagia on QOL, the current trends in assessing and managing QOL in dysphagia, and if variations in beliefs and practices in this area exist.

Methods & Procedures

An anonymous cross‐sectional, non‐experimental survey study was used. The survey consisted of 18 questions exploring participants’ beliefs and opinions regarding dysphagia and QOL, current clinical practice in the area, perceived facilitators and barriers, and education, training and development needs. The survey was created on Survey Monkey and disseminated by e‐mail link to SLT professional bodies. Purposive and snowball sampling were used and participants self‐selected based on the information provided alongside the e‐mail link. Inclusion criteria for the study were a qualification in speech and language therapy, proficiency in the English language, and access to a computer with the internet.

Outcomes & Results

A total of 148 SLTs working across the UK, Ireland and South Africa completed the survey. Over 90% of respondents believe that dysphagia has a negative impact on QOL, but only 25% are currently satisfied with the amount of clinical time they can dedicate to this area. Staffing, resources, a lack of best‐practice guidelines and disease‐specific QOL assessment tools were cited as contributing factors. A number of facilitators and barriers to best practice were also highlighted. Based on these findings, professional development actions for the future are suggested.

Conclusions & Implications

SLTs believe they have an important role to play in supporting QOL issues in dysphagia. However, it is reported that the area is currently under‐developed, under‐resourced and under‐supported. Increased awareness raising of the role of SLT, alongside the development of best‐practice guidelines and disease‐specific QOL assessment tools, will enhance the quality of care that can be offered in this area.
Formate cross‐feeding and cooperative metabolic interactions revealed by transcriptomics in co‐cultures of acetogenic and amylolytic human colonic bacteria
Authors: Laverde Gomez Jenny A. , Mukhopadhya Indrani , Duncan Sylvia H. , Louis Petra , Shaw Sophie , Collie‐Duguid Elaina , Crost Emmanuelle , Juge Nathalie , Flint Harry J.
Published: October 2018

Interspecies cross‐feeding is a fundamental factor in anaerobic microbial communities. In the human colon, formate is produced by many bacterial species but is normally detected only at low concentrations. Ruminococcus bromii produces formate, ethanol and acetate in approximately equal molar proportions in pure culture on RUM‐RS medium with 0.2% Novelose resistant starch (RS3) as energy source. Batch co‐culturing on starch with the acetogen Blautia hydrogenotrophica however led to the disappearance of formate and increased levels of acetate, which is proposed to occur through the routing of formate via the Wood Ljungdahl pathway of B. hydrogenotrophica. We investigated these inter‐species interactions further using RNAseq to examine gene expression in continuous co‐cultures of R. bromii and B. hydrogenotrophica. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of B. hydrogenotrophica genes involved in the Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway and of a 10 gene cluster responsible for increased branched chain amino acid fermentation in the co‐cultures. Cross‐feeding between formate‐producing species and acetogens may be a significant factor in short chain fatty acid formation in the colon contributing to high rates of acetate production. Transcriptome analysis also indicated competition for the vitamin thiamine and downregulation of dissimilatory sulfate reduction and key redox proteins in R. bromii in the co‐cultures, thus demonstrating the wide‐ranging consequences of inter‐species interactions in this model system.
Evolving metabolism of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene triggers SOS‐independent diversification of host cells
Authors: Akkaya Özlem , Nikel Pablo I. , Pérez‐Pantoja Danilo , de Lorenzo Víctor
Published: October 2018

The molecular mechanisms behind the mutagenic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by defective metabolization of xenobiotic 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT) by a still‐evolving degradation pathway were studied. To this end, the genes required for biodegradation of DNT from Burkholderia cepacia R34 were implanted in Escherichia coli and the effect of catabolizing the nitroaromatic compound monitored with stress‐related markers and reporters. Such a proxy of the naturally‐occurring scenario faithfully recreated the known accumulation of ROS caused by faulty metabolism of DNT and the ensuing onset of an intense mutagenesis regime. While ROS triggered an oxidative stress response, neither homologous recombination was stimulated nor the recA promoter activity increased during DNT catabolism. Analysis of single‐nucleotide changes occurring in rpoB during DNT degradation suggested a relaxation of DNA replication fidelity rather than direct damage to DNA. Mutants frequencies were determined in strains defective in either converting DNA damage into mutagenesis or mediating inhibition of mismatch repair through a general stress response. The results revealed that the mutagenic effect of ROS was largely SOS‐independent and stemmed instead from stress‐induced changes of rpoS functionality. Evolution of novel metabolic properties thus resembles the way sublethal antibiotic concentrations stimulate the appearance of novel resistance genes.
Residents’ Responses to ‘Territorial Stigmatization’: Visual Research in Berlin
Authors: Cuny Cécile
Published: October 2018

This article deals with the symbolic dimension of the transformation process in a post‐socialist large‐scale housing estate in Berlin after reunification. This reflection is based on the concept of ‘territorial stigmatization’ and I use a photographic method to analyse the representational strategies employed by residents to manage territorial stigma: identifying with depoliticized images of the past, exiting the estate and questioning the very principle of representation. The first two strategies seem to be different ways of internalizing dominant representations of place. The latter differs from the first two in its use of iconic means to challenge the current spatial order and its opening up of possibilities for emancipation. The article thus also shows how photography as a research method can reflect on existing power relations.
The Familiar Face of the State: Affect, Emotion and Citizen Entitlements in Dehradun, India
Authors: Jakimow Tanya
Published: October 2018

Municipal Councillors (MCs) are the ‘familiar face of the state’ in Dehradun, India: the first port of call for citizens seeking to claim entitlements from the state. The way MCs respond to the requests of their constituents is a major factor in the uneven distribution of government welfare and services. This article seeks to contribute to understandings of citizen entitlements by drawing attention to the role of affect and emotion in shaping the interactions between MCs and voters. I examine the ways citizens consciously or unconsciously engender emotions and affective responses, and the effect these have in mobilizing MCs. Attention to the, at times, involuntary nature of these responses suggests a need to go beyond the instrumental and calculating motivations of municipal councillors, to consider the way they are compelled and animated to meet the demands of some citizens, but not of others. The capacity to affect, and the ways one is affected, are tied to the social identities and self‐making projects of both the MC and the voter, resulting in an uneven (mal)distribution of state resources. A focus on affective configurations in urban governance thereby reveals heretofore overlooked determinants of unequal access to urban resources and services.
Ore‐forming Fluid and Mineral Source of the Hongshi Copper Deposit in the Kalatage Area, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China
Authors: YU Mingjie , WANG Jingbin , MAO Qigui , FANG Tonghui , ZHANG Rui
Published: October 2018

The Hongshi copper deposit is located in the middle of the Kalatage ore district in the northern segment of the Dananhu‐Tousuquan island‐arc belt in East Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China. This study analyses the fluid inclusions and H, O, and S stable isotopic compositions of the deposit. The fluid‐inclusion data indicate that aqueous fluid inclusions were trapped in chalcopyrite‐bearing quartz veins in the gangue minerals. The homogenization temperatures range from 108°C to 299°C, and the salinities range from 0.5% to 11.8%, indicating medium to low temperatures and salinities. The trapping pressures range from 34.5 MPa to 56.8 MPa. The δ18OH2O values and δD values of the fluid range from –6.94‰ to –5.33‰ and from –95.31‰ to –48.20‰, respectively. The H and O isotopic data indicate that the ore‐forming fluid derived from a mix of magmatic water and meteoric water and that meteoric water played a significant role. The S isotopic composition of pyrite ranges from 1.9‰ to 5.2‰, with an average value of 3.1‰, and the S isotopic composition of chalcopyrite ranges from –0.9‰ to 4‰, with an average value of 1.36‰, implying that the S in the ore‐forming materials was derived from the mantle. The introduction of meteoric water decreased the temperature, volatile content, and pressure, resulting in immiscibility. These factors may have been the major causes of the mineralization of the Hongshi copper deposit. Based on all the geologic and fluid characteristics, we conclude that the Hongshi copper deposit is an epithermal deposit.
Geological Characteristics and Ore‐controlling Factors of the Beiya Gold–Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Northwestern Yunnan Province
Authors: ZHOU Yunman , ZHANG Changqing , HE Zhonghua , LIU Huan , ZHOU Guiwu , SUN Jia , LIU Bo
Published: October 2018

Based on comprehensive petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies, this study analyzed the relationships between the Beiya gold‐polymetallic skarn deposit and quartz syenite porphyries, and discussed the source(s) and evolution of magmas. Our results suggest that syenite porphyries (i.e. the Wandongshan, the Dashadi, and the Hongnitang porphyries), which formed between the Eocene and the early Oligocene epochs, are the sources for the gold‐polymetallic ores at the Beiya deposit. Carbonate rocks (T2b) of the Triassic Beiya Formation in the ore district provide favorable host space for deposit formation. Fold and fault structures collectively play an important role in ore formation. The contact zone between the porphyries and carbonates, the structurally fractured zone of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the zone with well‐developed fractures are the ideal locations for ore bodies. Four types of mineralization have been recognized: 1) porphyry‐style stockwork gold–iron (copper) ore, 2) skarn‐style gold‐iron (copper and lead) ore in the near contact zone, 3) strata‐bound, lense‐type lead–silver–gold ore in the outer contact zone, and 4) distal vein‐type gold–lead–silver ore. Supergene processes led to the formation of oxide ore, such as the weathered and accumulated gold–iron ore, the strata‐bound fracture oxide ore, and the structure‐controlled vein‐type ore. Most of these ore deposits are distributed along the axis of the depressed basin, with the hypogene ore controlling the shape and characteristics of the oxide ore. This study provides critical geology understanding for mineral prospecting scenarios.
Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Niumaoquan Gabbroic Intrusion Associated with Fe‐Ti Oxide Ores in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China
Authors: SHI Yu , WANG Yuwang , WANG Jingbin , XIE Hongjing , MAO Qigui , ZHAO Lutong , LONG Lingli , LI Dedong , ZHOU Guochao
Published: October 2018

The Niumaoquan layered gabbroic intrusion is in the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in North Xinjiang, China, and hosts a Fe‐Ti oxide deposit in its evolved gabbroic phases. In this paper, we report zircon U‐Pb age, Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopes, plagioclase chemistry, and whole‐rock geochemistry of the Niumaoquan layered gabbroic intrusion. Zircon grains separated from an anorthosite sample analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yielded a concordia age of 314.7±0.74 Ma, indicating that the Niumaoquan ore‐bearing gabbroic intrusion was emplaced during the Late Carboniferous. The olivine gabbro texture and plagioclase chemistry suggest that plagioclase was an early crystallized silicate phase that crystallized prior to olivine. Fractional crystallization and accumulation of plagioclase significantly controlled the evolution of the Niumaoquan gabbroic intrusion and contributed to the formation of anorthosite layers, causing metallogenic elements to become enriched in the residual melt. The Niumaoquan gabbroic intrusion is characterized by the enrichment of large ion lithophile elements and depletion of high field strength elements, positive zircon εHf(t) values (+2.1 to +12.2), positive εNd(t) values (+3.3 to +5.2), and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7039 to 0.7047), suggesting that the parental magma was produced by interactions between metasomatized lithospheric mantle and depleted asthenospheric melts at an early post‐collision stage. The Fe‐Ti oxide mineralization of the Niumaoquan intrusion benefited from interactions between depleted asthenospheric melts and lithospheric mantle, and fractional crystallization of abundant plagioclase and magnesian minerals.
High‐Frequency Sequence Stratigraphy and Fine‐Scale Reservoir Characterization of the Devonian Sandstone, Donghe Formation, North Uplift of the Tarim Basin
Authors: WANG Ziyuan , LIU Li , PAN Mao , SHI Yongmin , XIONG Fengyang
Published: October 2018

The Devonian Donghe Sandstone complex in North Uplift of the Tarim Basin comprises of a series of diachronous sandy intervals deposited from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian. They are constrained by a Late Devonian to Early Pennsylvanian 2nd‐order supersequence and can be subdivided into five 3rd‐order sequences, namely, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, from the oldest to youngest. Cores from four wells, 40 wireline logs, 410 thin sections, and porosity and permeability data from 639 spots from four wells were used to study the sediment provenance, build up the sequence‐stratigraphic model of S5, and characterize the reservoirs at a feet scale. Detrital modes of sandstone from point counting indicate that Donghe Sandstone is directly sourced from recycled orogeny. The low content of feldspar and volcanic rock fragments suggests that Donghe Sandstone is recycled from sediment with a cratonic ultimate source. 1D and 2D chronostratigraphic correlation shows that at least 12 4th‐order high‐frequency sequences (HFSs), from the oldest HFS1 to the youngest HFS12, can be recognized in S5. Each HFS is characterized by a general trend of shallowing‐upward facies assemblage. Sequence boundaries were defined at where regionally correlatable deep‐water facies overlaying shallow‐water facies. There is a general shallowing‐upward trend in the S5 3rd‐order sequence, characterized by a systematically increasing proportion of shallow‐water facies (foreshore and upper shoreface), and a decreasing proportion of deep facies (offshore transition and lower shoreface). The shallowing‐upward trend within both 3rd‐ and 4th‐order sequences is resulted from a combined effect of eustatic sea‐level change, tectonic activity, and sediment supply. The sequence‐stratigraphic model of Donghe Sandstone S5 is similar to the rift‐basin sequence‐stratigraphic model. Sweet spots were defined as porosity >15% and permeability >100md intervals, and their distribution and lateral continuity were investigated. HFS is one of the primary controls on the distribution of sweet spots distribution and can be used to guide hydrocarbon exploration.
Modes of Shale‐Gas Enrichment Controlled by Tectonic Evolution
Authors: LI Chaochun , OU Chenghua
Published: October 2018

The typical characteristics of shale gas and the enrichment differences show that some shale gases are insufficiently explained by the existing continuous enrichment mode. These shale gases include the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale gas in the Jiaoshiba and Youyang Blocks, the Lewis shale gas in the San Juan Basin. Further analysis reveals three static subsystems (hydrocarbon source rock, gas reservoirs and seal formations) and four dynamic subsystems (tectonic evolution, sedimentary sequence, diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon‐generation history) in shale‐ gas enrichment systems. Tectonic evolution drives the dynamic operation of the whole shale‐gas enrichment system. The shale‐gas enrichment modes controlled by tectonic evolution are classifiable into three groups and six subgroups. Group I modes are characterized by tectonically controlled hydrocarbon source rock, and include continuous in‐situ biogenic shale gas (I1) and continuous in‐situ thermogenic shale gas (I2). Group II modes are characterized by tectonically controlled gas reservoirs, and include anticline‐controlled reservoir enrichment (II1) and fracture‐controlled reservoir enrichment (II2). Group III modes possess tectonically controlled seal formations, and include faulted leakage enrichment (III1) and eroded residual enrichment (III2). In terms of quantity and exploitation potential, I1 and I2 are the best shale‐gas enrichment modes, followed by II1 and II2. The least effective modes are III1 and III2. The categorization provides a different perspective for deep shale‐gas exploration.
Gas Occurrence and Accumulation Characteristics of Cambrian–Ordovician Shales in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: LIU Luofu , WANG Ying , CHEN Yiting , SHEN Baojian , GAO Xiaoyue
Published: October 2018

The Tarim Basin is located in northwestern China and is the biggest basin in China with huge oil and gas resources. Especially the Lower to Middle Cambrian and Middle to Upper Ordovician possess the major marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin and have large shale gas resource potential. The Cambrian–Ordovician shales were mainly deposited in basin–slope facies with thicknesses between 30–180 m. For shales buried shallower than 4500 m, there is high organic matter abundance with TOC (total organic carbon) mainly between 1.0% and 6.0%, favorable organic matter of Type I and Type II, and high thermal maturity with RoE as 1.3%–2.75%. The mineral composition of these Cambrian–Ordovician shale samples is mainly quartz and carbonate minerals while the clay minerals content is mostly lower than 30%, because these samples include siliceous and calcareous shale and marlstone. The Cambrian and Ordovician shales are compacted with mean porosity of 4% and 3%, permeability of 0.0003×10–3–0.09×10–3 μm2 and 0.0002×10–3–0.11×10–3 μm2, and density of 2.30 g/m3 and 2.55 g/m3, respectively. The pores in the shale samples show good connectivity and are mainly mesopore in size. Different genetic types of pores can be observed such as intercrystal, intergranular, dissolved, organic matter and shrinkage joint. The reservoir bed properties are controlled by mineral composition and diagenesis. The maximum adsorption amount to methane of these shales is 1.15–7.36 cm3/g, with main affecting factors being organic matter abundance, porosity and thermal maturity. The accumulation characteristics of natural gas within these shales are jointly controlled by sedimentation, diagenesis, hydrocarbon generation conditions, reservoir bed properties and the occurrence process of natural gas. The natural gas underwent short‐distance migration and accumulation, in‐place accumulation in the early stage, and adjustment and modification in the later stage. Finally, the Yulin (well Y1) and Tazhong (well T1) areas are identified as the targets for shale gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.
A GC×GC‐ToFMS Investigation of the Unresolved Complex Mixture and Associated Biomarkers in Biodegraded Petroleum
Authors: WANG Guangli , SIMONEIT Bernd Rolf Tatsuo , SHI Shengbao , WANG Tieguan , ZHONG Ningning , WANG Peirong
Published: October 2018

Heavy biodegraded crude oils have larger numbers of coeluting compounds than non‐ biodegraded oils, and they are typically not resolved with conventional gas chromatography (GC). This unresolved complex mixture (UCM) has been investigated using comprehensive two‐ dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC‐ToFMS) within a set of biodegraded petroleums derived from distinct sedimentary basins, including northwestern Sichuan (Neoproterozoic, marine), Tarim (Early Paleozoic, marine), Bohai Bay (Eocene, saline/brackish) and Pearl River Mouth (Eocene, freshwater). In general, the hydrocarbons that constitute the UCM in petroleum saturate fractions can be classified into three catalogues based on the distributions of resolved compounds on two dimensional chromatograms. Group 1 is composed mainly of normal and branched alkanes, isoprenoid alkanes and monocyclic alkanes; Group 2 comprises primarily terpanes ranging from two to five rings, and Group 3 is dominated by monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as tetralins and monoaromatic steranes. In addition, the UCM is source dependent and varies between oil populations. i.e., the UCM of petroleum derived from Precambrian and Early Paleozoic marine, Eocene saline/brackish and freshwater source rocks is specifically rich in higher homologues of A‐norsteranes, series of 1,1,3‐trimethyl‐2‐ alkylcyclohexanes (carotenoid‐derived alkanes), and tetralin and indane compounds, respectively.