bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of TNF-α inhibitors in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Elert-Kopeć Sylwia , Tłustochowicz Małgorzata , Bachta Artur , Geisler Piotr , Tłustochowicz Witold
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of TNF-α inhibitors in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in everyday medical practice. Materials and methods: We analysed the data of 106 patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated in 2012–2019 with TNF-α inhibitors (etanercept, adalimumab or golimumab) under the drug program of the National Health Fund. The observation period for each patient was 18 months. The disease activity was assessed at 3-month intervals on the basis of BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) and ASDAS (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score). Results: The study covered 80 men and 26 women. The mean age of the patients was 37 years. The group receiving etanercept included 50 patients, adalimumab – 39 patients, and golimumab – 17 patients. Due to coexisting offaxial symptoms such as uveitis (n = 20/106) and peripheral arthritis (n = 39/106), some patients were simultaneously receiving classic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, i.e. methotrexate (n = 32/106), sulfasalazine (n = 8/106), cyclosporine (n = 5/106), and glucocorticosteroids (n = 14/106). All subgroups showed a significant clinical improvement in the form of a decrease in inflammatory markers and a decrease in disease activity after 3 months of treatment, increasing up to the 6th month. The biological drug was discontinued due to remission (according to BASDAI) in 20/48 patients taking etanercept and in 19/36 patients receiving adalimumab. The observation period following drug discontinuation for both groups was similar and lasted about 7 months. The remission time (according to BASDAI) without treatment was short; 3.55 ± 2.28 months for etanercept vs. 5.21 ± 2.53 months for adalimumab (p = 0.038). Conclusions: The inclusion of TNF-α inhibitors in patients with an unsatisfactory response to treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs resulted in a major reduction of disease activity. There was no statistically significant difference in treatment efficacy between individual TNF-α inhibitors, i.e. etanercept, adalimumab, and golimumab. The group treated with adalimumab was found with a trend towards longer-lasting remission after drug discontinuation, but it was short-lived and a return to treatment was necessary.
Features of clinical manifestation and treatment of inpatient COVID-19 cases in children
Authors: Romanchuk Lesia , Koloskova Olena , Bilous Tetiana , Korotun Olena
Published: February 2022

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers have considered paediatric patients to be less vulnerable to the virus. Our study is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of morbidity, clinical course, and treatment of children hospitalised with coronavirus disease. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of cases of coronavirus infection in children during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Two hundred and sixty-three clinical cases of COVID-19 in hospitalised children of Chernivtsi region (Ukraine) for the period from March 2020 to March 2021 were analysed. The peculiarities of the clinical course, symptoms, and treatment of children in the early and later periods of the pandemic were assessed. Results: It was found that the most common complaint was general weakness due to infectious-inflammatory, intoxication, and catarrhal syndromes. At the same time, over the course of the pandemic, the complaints and signs of intoxication and asthenic syndromes, infectious-inflammatory syndromes, and nonspecific neurological symptoms increased, while the rate of respiratory tract damage remained relatively stable, and in the 1st quarter of 2021, there was a significant increase in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and community-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio, OR = 2.7). Conclusions: The clinical course of COVID-19 in children showed phenotypic deviations during the 1st year of the pandemic, with a tendency for an increased incidence of severe forms of the disease, resistant to the prescribed treatment.
ANALISIS PROKSIMAT TEPUNG IKAN DARI BEBERAPA LOKASI YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Mikdarullah Mikdarullah , Nugraha Aditya , Khazaidan Khazaidan
Published: February 2022

Tepung ikan kaya akan asam amino esensial terutama lisin dan metionin. Untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan nutrisi dan kualitas tepung ikan diperlukan pengujian yang bisa menilai kualitas bahan pakan terutama pada standar kualitas bahan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk mengetahui kualitas nutrisi dari tepung ikan yang diambil dari beberapa lokasi dengan menganalisis nilai kadar protein, kadar air, abu, serat kasar, dan lemak, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pembuatan pakan ikan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada Agustus 2019 di Laboratorium Uji Proksimat Nutrisi Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluh Perikanan. Bahan yang diujikan yaitu tepung ikan yang berasal dari lokasi yang berbeda yaitu Bogor, Tangerang, Sukabumi, dan Yogyakarta. Analisis proksimat yang dilakukan meliputi: kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan serat kasar. Hasil analisis proksimat menunjukkan bahwa tepung ikan yang paling tinggi nilai proteinnya yaitu tepung ikan yang berasal dari Bogor dengan kadar protein 58,87%; sedangkan tepung ikan dengan kadar protein yang paling rendah berasal dari Sukabumi yaitu 44,20%.
Studi Pengolahan Nugget Ikan Tenggiri (Scombridae Commerson) Skala Rumah Tangga
Authors: Aripudin Aripudin , Panjaitan Pola Sabar Tumohom , Soeprijadi Liliek , Sebayang Elvi A.
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKIkan tenggiri (Scombridae commerson) mengandung omega-3 yang berperan dalam pembentukan sel saraf otak anak-anak. Ikan tenggiri memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi yang dapat diolah menjadi produk nugget yang disukai oleh berbagai kalangan baik anak-anak dan orang dewasa. Pada proses pengolahan nugget ikan tenggiri dengan penambahan bahan tambahan dapat menjadikan produk nugget yang bertekstur kenyal. Bahan baku yang digunakan dilakukan pengujian organoleptik untuk mengetahui kualitas mutunya agar pada akhirnya dapat dihasilkan produk nugget yang memenuhi standar dan layak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Pada pengujian organoleptik terhadap bahan baku diperoleh nilai rata rata 7,8 sehingga ikan tenggiri yang digunakan dalam pembuatan nugget layak dan memenuhi standar. Pada tahapan proses pembuatan nugget diperoleh rendemen yang berbeda pada setiap perlakuannya mulai dari penerimaan bahan baku sampai dengan pelumuran tepung panir sebagai salah satu bahan tambahan yang digunakan. Terhadap hasil akhir olahan produk nugget ikan tenggiri dilakukan pengujian sensori dengan hasil rata-rata 8 yang artinya layak untuk di konsumsi.ABSTRACT Mackerel (Scombridae commerson) contains omega-3 which plays a role in the formation of children's brain nerve cells. Mackerel has a high economic value that can be processed into nuggets that are favored by various groups, both children and adults. In the process of processing mackerel fish nuggets with the addition of additional ingredients, it can make nugget products that have a chewy texture. The raw materials used are carried out by organoleptic testing to determine the quality so that in the end it can produce nugget products that meet the standards and are suitable for consumption by the public. In organoleptic testing of raw materials, an average value of 7.8 was obtained so that the mackerel used in making nuggets was feasible and met the standards. At the stage of the process of making nuggets, different yields were obtained for each treatment, starting from receiving raw materials to coating breadcrumbs as one of the additional ingredients used. The final result of processed mackerel fish nuggets was carried out by sensory testing with an average result of 8 which means it is suitable for consumption.
El despliegue conjunto de la dualización productiva normal: desde su inicio hasta el uso primero del producto. Bases antropológicas próximas de la actividad económica (IV)
Authors: Falgueras-Salinas Ignacio , Falgueras-Sorauren Ignacio
Published: February 2022

Estudiamos aquí el primer tramo del proceso productivo, común a toda producción humana, y que permite comprenderla mejor. Dicho proceso se inicia al ejecutar las facultades locomotrices el proyecto elegido; reviste la forma del método «ensayo- error-nuevo ensayo…», y alcanzará su primer objetivo al conseguir un producto suficientemente satisfactorio para la idea a plasmar. Sin embargo, este primer objetivo no cumple por completo el propósito inicial del proceso, que sólo se alcanza cuando el producto es usado para lo pretendido. Justificada la noción de uso, la consideración del primero de ellos sirve para establecer la noción básica de utilidad.
Saúde e salvação em Paul Tillich, na perspectiva da Teologia da Cultura – o caso da pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Higuet Etienne Alfred
Published: February 2022

O texto será organizado segundo o esquema da Teologia Sistemática, da correlação entre situação (questões existenciais) e resposta (interpretação dos símbolos religiosos). Já que a correlação se produz sempre num contexto histórico-cultural, estou usando como referencial os principais conceitos da Teologia da Cultura de Paul Tillich, apresentados na introdução. Em seguida, explicita-se a situação cultural da pandemia no Brasil, centrando-se nas diversas dimensões da cultura da saúde, na situação econômica, nas atitudes negacionistas políticas e religiosas e nas críticas levantadas contra o negacionismo. A segunda parte apresenta algumas reflexões a partir da Teologia da Cultura: a aceitação como resposta ao negacionismo, o pensamento holista aplicado à saúde, o mito e a utopia da saúde universal. A conclusão coloca a questão de um novo Kairos.
Psychological control in sports
Authors:   Belarusian State University of Physical Culture, Belarus, Minsk, Sivitsky V. G. , Melnik E. V. ,   Belarusian State University of Physical Culture, Belarus, Minsk, Borovskaya N. I. ,   Belarusian State University of Physical Culture, Belarus, Minsk
Published: February 2022

The training and competitive success of an athlete is closely intertwined with various aspects of training: stage objectives, technical skill, physical qualities of an athlete, etc. Therefore, in sports, it is necessary to constantly exercise psychological control and analyze the fitness of an athlete. The article presents fragments of diagnostic tools developed to implement complex psychological control in sports activities.
Registros Hospitalares de Câncer de Mato Grosso: análise da completitude e da consistência
Authors: Oliveira Jânia Cristiane de Souza , Azevedo Elicleia Filgueira Santiago de , Caló Romero dos Santos , Atanaka Marina , Galvão Noemi Dreyer , Silva Ageo Mário Cândido da
Published: February 2022

Resumo Introdução As informações dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (RHC) são fundamentais para a vigilância do câncer. A análise da qualidade dessas informações permite à unidade hospitalar planejar recursos e avaliar a assistência oferecida à pessoa com essa doença. Objetivo Analisar a qualidade das informações ao verificar a completitude e a consistência das bases de dados do RHC do estado de Mato Grosso (MT). Método Estudo quantitativo que avaliou os dados dos RHC/MT, de 2008 a 2014. A tendência temporal das proporções de incompletude foi analisada por regressão polinomial e respectiva significância estatística (p < 0,05). A análise foi realizada por meio dos softwares Epi Info 7.0 e SPSS 25.0. Resultados Fizeram parte do estudo um total de 15.090 registros de câncer. As variáveis que apresentaram maior incompletude foram: tumor-nódulo-metástase, escolaridade, estado da doença ao final do primeiro tratamento e ocupação. Conclusão Educação permanente visando ao maior envolvimento dos profissionais e à melhoria do registro no prontuário é essencial para o aprimoramento das informações da base hospitalar. Ademais, o uso contínuo dessas informações para a gestão da própria unidade hospitalar subsidia o planejamento e a tomada de decisão, além de avaliar a qualidade da assistência prestada.
A devastação no masculino e a violência contra o feminino nas mulheres
Authors: Mello Denise Maurano , Souza Joana Dark da Silva
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo trazer algumas contribuições da psicanálise para o esclarecimento da questão da violência contra a mulher, um fenômeno que se repete na história das sociedades. Buscando pensar sobre as bases estruturais dessa violência, recorremos à teoria lacaniana dos gozos fálico e gozo Outro, feminino, propondo uma diferenciação entre o que se supõe como gozo Outro e o que se estabelece como gozo do Outro. Seguindo o caminho aberto por Lacan, lançamos a hipótese de que o gozo do Outro pode estar relacionado com a vivência no sujeito posicionado do lado do masculino, de um gozo intrusivo e devastador atribuído a um Outro vivido como absoluto, mobilizando reações misóginas e mesmo feminicidas. Tal distinção foi operativa no sentido de nos possibilitar pensar no que aqui designamos como “devastação no masculino” e sua possível relação com o que no artigo discernimos como “violência contra o feminino na mulher”.
ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS E MORFOLÓGICOS DE MIGDOLUS FRYANUS (WESTWOOD, 1863) (COLEOPTERA: VESPERIDAE)
Authors: Machado L.A. , Habib M. , Leite L.G. , Carregari L.C.
Published: February 2022

RESUMO Neste estudo machos e fêmeas de Migdolus fryanus foram coletados em campo, após o acasalamento e trazidos ao laboratório. Fêmeas foram individualizadas em baldes de plástico (20 L) contendo solo. Observou-se o número de ovos, o tamanho, a viabilidade, o período de incubação e o tamanho das larvas ao eclodirem. Dimensões de larvas recém-eclodidas e ovos foram obtidas com um micrômetro ocular de escala de 0,05 mm. Machos foram mantidos em cilindros de vidros (12 cm alt. X 12 cm Ø), fechados com placas de Petri (15 cm de Ø) e definida a longevidade. Utilizando-se 50 larvas estudou-se uma dieta artificial, na qual foi acrescida 50 g de cana-de-açúcar “in natura” moída. Para os estudos morfológicos, os adultos foram coletados em cana-de-açúcar, pastagens e café abandonado, e os caracteres foram observados com microscópio óptico. As medições para adultos e larvas maduras foram tomadas com paquímetro, de escala de 1 mm. Fêmeas depositaram 19 a 38 ovos/fêmea (X 29,4 ± 5,5), com viabilidade de 65 a 98 % (X 84,9 ± 11,6) e período de incubação de 17 a 25 dias (X 20,6 ± 0,9). Os ovos têm formato oval e mediram 3 a 5 mm (X 4,5 ± 3,7). A longevidade das fêmeas variou de 28 a 38 dias (X 32,5 ± 3,5) e de machos de 3 a 9 dias (X 5,8 ± 1,9). Larvas ao eclodirem mediram entre 4 a 6 mm. Na dieta as larvas foram mantidas por 2 anos, passando por 6 e 7 ecdises, mas não completaram o ciclo ovo-adulto. Os adultos apresentaram grandes variações morfológicas, tanto em dimensões quanto em coloração. Apenas a espécie M. fryanus foi constatada nos municípios estudados.
Caracterização tecnológica da farinha de grão-de-bico variedade BRS cristalino
Authors: Fernandes Thaynnara Cristina Rodrigues , Camargos Luiz Fernando de , Camilo Patrícia Aparecida , Jesus Flávio Gonçalves de , Siqueira Ana Paula Silva
Published: February 2022

Resumo O grão-de-bico é uma oleaginosa de elevada importância comercial e seu cultivo tem sido adaptado para as condições do Cerrado brasileiro. Diante disso, é necessário realizar pesquisas que envolvam essas espécies adaptadas, como o BRS Cristalino, para possibilitar uma maior inserção e expansão neste bioma. Este estudo avaliou características de composição físico-química e tecnológicas do grão cru e seco naturalmente, moído e refinado (farinha). As avalições realizadas foram de umidade, resíduo mineral fixo, lipídeos, proteína, fibras totais, carboidratos e valor energético. A capacidade de absorver água, óleo e leite, e as propriedades gelificantes foram analisadas como propriedades possivelmente interessantes para processos de industrialização. A farinha de grão-de-bico apresentou composição semelhante à da farinha de outras oleaginosas, com teor proteico próximo a 16%, teor de carboidrato de 61% e fibra total de 10%. Os índices tecnológicos demonstraram afinidade maior com água e leite, e boa capacidade de gelificação. A partir desses resultados, preparações com farinha de grão-de-bico como ingrediente em produtos alimentícios são motivadas.
Life Satisfaction, Affects at School and Depression Symptoms among Adolescents
Authors: Dias-Viana João Lucas , Noronha Ana Paula Porto
Published: February 2022

Abstract The literature indicates that life satisfaction has a direct effect on depression symptoms. For better understanding depression in adolescence, this research examined the relation between life satisfaction and depression symptoms among Brazilian adolescents, and verified the direct effects of positive and negative affects at school, in addition to the mediating effect of these variables on the relation between life satisfaction and depression symptoms. A total of 428 adolescents participated in the research, with mean age equal to 14.88. The Baptista Depression Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the School Subjective Well-being Scale were used. The models were tested using Path Analysis. The results indicated that affects at school mediated the relation between life satisfaction and depression symptoms. Prevention initiatives that consider the affects related to the school context can be a useful strategy for the promotion of youth mental health.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem em idosos institucionalizados vítimas de violência
Authors: Marques Francielle Renata Danielli Martins , Ribeiro Dayane Akinara Toledo , Pires Grazieli Adrieli Rodrigues , Costa Aline Balandis , Carreira Lígia , Salci Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2022

Resumo Objetivo identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem em idosos institucionalizados vítimas de violência. Método estudo exploratório descritivo qualitativo, conduzido pelo referencial das Necessidades Humanas Básicas, desenvolvido em instituição de longa permanência. A coleta de dados ocorreu de maio a junho de 2020, com informações obtidas em prontuários clínicos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e de conteúdo dirigida à taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional. Todos os aspectos éticos foram respeitados. Resultados foram analisados 14 prontuários e identificados 25 diagnósticos de enfermagem, dos quais 12 se relacionaram às necessidades psicobiológicas, 13 às psicossociais e 1 às psicoespirituais. Quanto à categoria diagnóstica, 20 se relacionaram aos problemas de saúde, 4 aos riscos potenciais e 1 à promoção da saúde. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a exposição à violência intrafamiliar, a presença de condições crônicas e a institucionalização revelaram diagnósticos que demonstraram fragilidades. Destaca-se a demanda de intervenções relacionadas à motivação dos idosos em alcançar seu bem-estar, direcionando a assistência de acordo com necessidades psicobiológicas, psicossociais e psicoespirituais, com foco na recuperação da saúde do idoso e de sua dignidade. Utilizar os diagnósticos de enfermagem para construir o processo de cuidado em idosos institucionalizados amplia a assistência e possibilita um olhar diferenciado às vítimas de violência.
Aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual: quais são as queixas mais recorrentes dos usuários e suas possíveis relações com ajustes finos?
Authors: Chiriboga Laura Franco , Couto Christiane Marques do , Almeida Kátia de
Published: February 2022

RESUMO Objetivo identificar as queixas mais recorrentes dos usuários de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) e estabelecer possíveis relações que auxiliem a busca de soluções de problemas no processo de adaptação desses dispositivos. Métodos estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, realizado mediante questionário on-line, respondido por 176 fonoaudiólogos. Após computação e organização das respostas, realizou-se uma codificação e foram descritos 30 termos mais recorrentes, referentes às queixas dos usuários. Foram estabelecidas quatro categorias para verificar cada termo relatado e sua correspondência com o problema apontado em cada questão. Para o direcionamento das possíveis relações entre as queixas e suas resoluções, os termos foram divididos nos seguintes aspectos principais do processo de adaptação de AASI: adaptação física, ajuste das características eletroacústicas e características intrínsecas do usuário. Resultados foram descritos 30 termos representativos das queixas, com maior número de ocorrências para o termo “Aparelho muito alto/Som muito alto”, que apareceu 223 vezes. O termo “Não escuta nada” apareceu com menor número de ocorrências, 25 vezes. No total, foram encontradas seis queixas relacionadas a aspectos físicos, 17 a ajustes de características eletroacústicas, quatro que poderiam estar relacionadas a ambos os aspectos e duas a características intrínsecas do indivíduo. Conclusão foi possível elencar as queixas mais referidas pelos usuários de AASI. Observou-se que é viável, a partir de uma queixa, direcionar um suposto aspecto relacionado à adaptação e auxiliar os fonoaudiólogos a levantar soluções, apesar de ser clara a necessidade de um olhar individualizado para cada paciente e situação.
Some Inapproximability Results of MAP Inference and Exponentiated Determinantal Point Processes
Authors: Ohsaka Naoto
Published: February 2022

We study the computational complexity of two hard problems on determinantal point processes (DPPs). One is maximum a posteriori (MAP) inference, i.e., to find a principal submatrix having the maximum determinant. The other is probabilistic inference on exponentiated DPPs (E-DPPs), which can sharpen or weaken the diversity preference of DPPs with an exponent parameter p. We present several complexity-theoretic hardness results that explain the difficulty in approximating MAP inference and the normalizing constant for E-DPPs. We first prove that unconstrained MAP inference for an n × n matrix is NP-hard to approximate within a factor of 2βn, where β = 10−1013 . This result improves upon the best-known inapproximability factor of (9/8 − ϵ), and rules out the existence of any polynomial-factor approximation algorithm assuming P ≠ NP. We then show that log-determinant maximization is NP-hard to approximate within a factor of 5/4 for the unconstrained case and within a factor of 1 + 10−1013 for the size-constrained monotone case. In particular, log-determinant maximization does not admit a polynomial-time approximation scheme unless P = NP. As a corollary of the first result, we demonstrate that the normalizing constant for E-DPPs of any (fixed) constant exponent p ≥ β-1 = 101013 is NP-hard to approximate within a factor of 2βpn, which is in contrast to the case of p ≤ 1 admitting a fully polynomial-time randomized approximation scheme.
OIL PRICES, ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY AND STOCK MARKET RETURNS IN OIL IMPORTING COUNTRIES: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: CİHANGİR Çiğdem Kurt , KOÇOĞLU Şahnaz
Published: February 2022

This study examines the nexus between oil prices, economic policy uncertainty and stock markets in a panel of selected major oil importing countries between June 2014 and October 2020. We analyzed China, India, Germany, Italy and Japan in the study because these countries are among the largest oil importer countries in the economic policy uncertainty index developed by Economics Policy Uncertainty Platform. We split the period into three sub-periods as June 2014- February 2016, March 2016-December 2019 and January - October 2020 and employed several econometric models to analyze the relation between the variables in different economic conditions and to identify how COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the effect of oil prices and economic policy uncertainty on the stock markets. Empirical results show that the pandemic changed the dynamics of the relations between the variables and especially the effect of oil prices on the stock markets has grown stronger for the oil importing countries.
The African Charter: Just one treaty among many? The development of the material jurisdiction and interpretive mandate of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
Authors: Rudman Annika
Published: February 2022

In contentious cases the material jurisdiction of the African Court is the jurisdiction to interpret and apply the instruments that are provided for in article 3(1) of the African Court Protocol. For the African Court to appropriately apply these instruments it must perform an interpretive role and utilise, at its discretion, information available from sources other than those that fall under its material jurisdiction and the sources of law stipulated in article 7 of the Court Protocol. In a 2001 article Heyns brought to our attention a number of potential problems related to the material jurisdiction of the African Court. He particularly pointed us to the loss of the 'African' in article 3, the narrow approach to the applicable sources of law in article 7 and the uncertainty of the position of articles 60 and 61 of the African Charter in guiding the interpretive mandate of the African Court. Through an analysis of the Court's jurisprudence, guided by these three essential issues, the article explores how the Court has approached its material jurisdiction during its first ten years of its existence. It further aims to establish what methodology the Court has developed to address the lack of an interpretive provision in the Court Protocol with specific reference to the application of articles 60 and 61 of the Charter. The analysis demonstrates a pragmatic approach to material jurisdiction, firmly grounded in the principle of complementarity.
Protecting the right to life during assemblies: Legal and jurisprudential developments in the African human rights system
Authors: Orao Beryl
Published: February 2022

The right of peaceful assembly has been recognised as a critical component of democracy. In Africa it played a significant role in the liberation of states from colonial oppression, and continues to be used to express dissent. The actual exercise of this right, however, faces significant challenges. Too often, police officers use excessive or indiscriminate force during assemblies, leading to violations not only of the right of peaceful assembly but also, in some cases, of the right to life. Alive to the reality of the threat to life and limb posed by the unlawful use of force by the police during assemblies, over the past decades the African human rights system has developed standards for the use of force during assemblies. This article analyses the legal and jurisprudential developments around the protection of the right to life during assemblies and enquires as to whether they are consistent with international standards and whether they are adequate. It finds that despite progressive legal development on the protection of the right to life in law enforcement, in general, there is limited jurisprudence on the specific protection of the right to life in the context of the policing of assemblies. Consequently, the standards expressed in various instruments and resolutions are yet to be adequately interpreted and reinforced.
Ethnocentric nationality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An analysis under international human rights law
Authors: Buzard David A
Published: February 2022

In order to dismantle institutionalised tribalism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which has fostered recurring war and armed conflict, its lynchpin of ethnocentric citizenship must be removed. Due to the Congolese law of nationality by birth being grounded in ethnicity, Congolese nationality has been and remains subject to political manipulation, particularly concerning the Banyamulenge people. In the latter half of the twentieth century the Congolese state has alternatively granted, withdrawn and reinstated their Congolese citizenship. Fundamentally, the basic Congolese nationality law - anchored in the Congolese Constitution - perpetuates a legal framework for racial division which does nothing to hinder but only enables malicious sympathies that tend toward exclusion, persecution, expulsion and genocide. To address this existential flaw, this article describes how the primacy of ethnicity in the Congolese law of nationality by birth violates three international human rights treaties that the DRC has accepted, thus laying a foundation for legal action to change the Constitution and nationality law of the DRC.
Rethinking abortion laws in Nigeria: The trauma of rape victims of Boko Haram
Authors: Adegbite Folashade Rose
Published: February 2022

Abortion is the medical procedure of expelling a fetus from the uterus before it can result in a live birth. Several means are adopted to achieve this, either by taking medication or having a surgical procedure. 'Abortion' in the context of this research differs from 'miscarriage', a situation whereby pregnancy ends naturally without medical intervention, often referred to as spontaneous abortion. Reasons for abortion vary, ranging from health risks to economic factors, personal misadventure, socio-cultural factors and many others. Diverse justifications have been advanced both in favour of and against the liberalisation of abortion laws globally. Nigerian laws allow abortion only to preserve the life of the mother in the case of medical challenges; abortion done for any other contrary reason is proscribed and regarded as a crime. However, the recent experience ofthe Boko Haram insurgency resulting in humanitarian crises is novel to the existing legal framework. Abducted under-aged girls and women were severely and repeatedly raped and sexually abused, resulting in unwanted pregnancies. Upon being rescued, the traumatised victims' desire for elective abortion unfortunately is not captured in the nation's abortion laws. In this research the issues of rights to the life, sexual and reproductive rights and the economic implications of unwanted pregnancies are critically examined and the well-being of these victims is juxtaposed with the restrictive abortion laws in Nigeria predating the emerging trends. The article recommends an amendment allowing elective abortion in certain circumstances as this will create a new balance and reflect positive social change.
Special focus
Authors: Viljoen Frans
Published: February 2022

This edition of the African Human Rights Law journal starts with a 'Special focus' on the 'Forty years of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: Honouring the memory of Christof Heyns'. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Charter) was adopted by the OAU Assembly of Heads of State and Government in Nairobi, Kenya, on 27 June 1981 - forty years ago in 2021. The 'special focus' marks this milestone. It also pays tribute to a baobab on the landscape of international human rights law, Professor Christof Heyns.
Impacto ecotoxicológico de tres plaguicidas sobre Eisenia fetida (lombriz roja californiana) en el cultivo de Allium cepa (cebolla) en el distrito de Lurín, Lima, Perú.
Authors: Elias Estremadoyro Diego Fernando , Iannacone Jose
Published: February 2022

La investigación evaluó el impacto de tres plaguicidas sobre Eisenia fetida en el cultivo de Allium cepa (cebolla) en el distrito de Lurín, Lima, Perú. Se calcularon los valores de dosis letal media (DL50) a los 14 días, porcentaje de evasión y actividad alimentaria, y posteriormente la proporción de exposición del tóxico (TER) y el coeficiente de riesgo ambiental (CR) para los plaguicidas zeta-cipermetrina, pendimetalina y profenofos en base a ensayos ecotoxicológicos con E. fetida. Los valores de DL50 a un tiempo de exposición a los 14 días para los tres plaguicidas fueron: zeta-cipermetrina >profenofos >pendimetalina. Se calculó una relación con la dosis de los plaguicidas cercanos a la DL50 para la evasión y para la actividad alimentaria. El valor TER para los tres plaguicidas fue calculado e indicó que no hay impacto ecotoxicológico para E. fetida. Sin embargo, en el valor de CR se presentaron valores de riesgo alto en el total, donde la zeta-cipermetrina indicó el 92,77% del riesgo ambiental, mientras que la pendimetalina presentó el menor riesgo ambiental con 0,09%. Dentro de la legislación peruana, estos plaguicidas siguen siendo permitidos, por lo cual, en base a esta investigación, se recomienda que se evalúe a más detalle la zeta-cipermetrina, debido a que fue el único plaguicida que presentó un CR significativo. En conclusión, la zeta-cipermetrina ocasiona impacto ambiental en el cultivo de cebolla del distrito de Lurín.
[RETRACTED] Green Otter CBD Gummies Review (Scam or Legit) Is It Worth Your Money? v1
Authors: not provided health
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

Green Otter CBD Gummies! This new item is a simple way for the normal individual to ensure that they can add CBD to their existence without expecting anybody to take up the propensity for vaping
[RETRACTED] Aktiv Formulations Keto BHB Reviews – Incredible Result Our Aim Is Your Satisfaction | Hard To Lose? v1
Authors: Formulations Keto BHB Aktiv
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

Aktiv Formulations Keto BHB Pills – SCAM? Fake Review Vs Real Reviews
Analysis of Students’ Desired and Fulfilled Expectations from the Future of Academic Studies: Educational Effectiveness for Prosperous Life
Authors: Ghiasi Nodooshan Saeed
Published: February 2022

Universities and higher education institutions (HEIs) aim to provide the maximum support for the community. Hence, to obtain the optimum results, the educational policies must be in alignment with the societies’ needs and prerequisites. The present research investigated the undergraduates’ expectations of studying at university and the fulfillment of those expectations prior and after being accepted into the university. 600 first-year undergraduates were selected based on cluster sampling from 2783 first-year undergraduates at Allameh Tabataba’i University, Iran. The data were gathered through deep interviews and cross-sectional survey. We emphasize that the centralized educational system in Iran works as a speed bump to obtain the goals and ambitions as portrayed in the HEIs’ mottos. The findings remind the educational policy-makers that success does not happen in a vacuum; rather, it is a collaborative joint practice among all members of the HE sector. The novelty of the research is its applicability to those centralized systems of policy-making worldwide specifically with engagement of students which adds to the literature and can urge the authorities of the HE sector to modify their earlier policies in the short run; and work toward decentralized system of educational leadership as the main panacea in the long run.
Misconceptions of Upper-Secondary School Students on Doing Behavioral Sciences Research
Authors: Elen Jan , Piro Yousra , Wevers Britt , Maddens Louise , Raes Annelies
Published: February 2022

With its long tradition, research on misconceptions helps to understand how concepts are learned and how learning in the disciplines can be supported. Up to now, research on misconceptions has focused on natural sciences, while research on misconceptions in behavioral sciences is scarce, not to say absent. In this study an attempt was made to reveal upper secondary school students’ misconceptions on doing research in behavioral sciences. The starting point for the study were research proposals of upper secondary school students. As part of a larger study, students were asked to write a research proposal in maximum two pages. A two-steps approach was adopted in the analysis of these research proposals. First, using a codebook containing both deductive and inductive codes, two-pagers were analyzed in order to identify ‘errors’. In a second step, an interpretative analysis aimed at inferring potential misconceptions underlying these errors. The study can be considered as a starting point for research on misconceptions in behavioral sciences which is currently missing in the field.
The peculiarities of the structure of the lymphatic system in a comprehensive assessment of risk for multiple subclinical regional lymph node involvement in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Abramova O. E. , Kudryavtsev D. V. , Kurilchik A. A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Melanoma skin is a tumor with a high metastatic potential. Often, its lymphogenous spread is realized in the first place. That is why the assessment of the state of the regional zones of lymph drainage is a prognostically significant aspect of the diagnosis of this disease.  

The study objective – to estimate the possible predictive value of the results of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for multiple regional lymph node involvement in clinically localized cutaneous melanoma.

Materials and methods. The study involved 89 patients with clinically localized cutaneous melanoma who underwent  sentinel lymph node biopsyand regional lymphadennectomy. Morphological findings were compared with the results of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy.  

Results. In this paper, quantitative data such as the number of lymphatic drainage areas, the number of sentinel lymph  nodes in one anatomic region and their combination were considered.  

Conclusion. It was impossible to determine unambiguously the number of involved lymph nodes. However, the lymphoscintigraphic findings were suggestive of a higher risk for multiple lymph node involvement in patients with several accumulation zones and several lymphatic drainage areas.
Development of a process for the operational design of individual mandibular implants in patients with cancer
Authors: Bajrikov I. M. , Bajrikov A. I. , Nikolaenko A. N. , Bukatyj A. S. , Selivanov A. S. , Skripachev I. A. , Shilov O. V. , Ushakov A. A. , Kolsanov A. V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The evolution of rapid prototyping technologies, novel high-precision metalworking equipment, and prompt implementation of additive technologies into practice have significantly expanded the possibilities of producing new  biomechanical structures. Therefore, the development of novel methods and approaches ensuring rapid and highly effective designing and manufacturing of individual implants is highly relevant.  

Objective – to develop a technology that allows rapid design and manufacturing of implants for maxillofacial surgery.  

Results. In this study, we analyzed the technology of rapid design and production of individual jaw implants based on computed tomography data, which reduced the duration of surgery by ~50 % (from 3–4 h to 2–2.5 h) and allowed one-stage surgery. We achieved high toughness of implants and excluded the risk of fatigue destruction of a biome chanical structure due to increased cyclic loads.  

Conclusion. Rapid production of individual jaw implants described in this article ensured high productivity of the pro cess of producing individual biomechanical structures and helped to restore the original contour of the patient’s face with significant lesions to the mandibular bone.
Spam Detection on Summarized Graph
Authors: Sakshi Srivastava, Anil Kumar Singh
Published: February 2022

As the popularity of social networking sites continues to increase, spam accounts are also on the rise. Over the past few years, social networking and information-sharing microblogging websites such as Twitter and Sina Weibo have gained popularity. Unsolicited content, such as social spam, has also been exploited by spammers to overwhelm most users unfairly. In contrast to existing work, this paper uses a novel graph-based approach for spam detection. The problem of graph summarization has practical applications involving visualization and graph compression. As graph-structured databases become popular and prominent, summarizing and compressing graph-structured databases can become more and more valuable. Our experimental results demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of our proposed strategy. The accuracy of the graph is considered before and after Graph Summarization using MultiNominal NB and then compared with other machine learning algorithms. Various algorithms are considered, and it is found that MultiNominal NB gives the lowest training time and the highest accuracy. The training time of MultiNominal NB is found to be 0.55 sec before graph summarization. After graph summarization, the training time is optimized to be 0.02 seconds, and the accuracy value is 96.64%.
Analysis of the needs of disabled people for employment in a special workplace in the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg
Authors: Karasaeva Lyudmila A. , Goryainova Marina  V.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Employment of disabled persons of I and II groups with disabilities of the ability to work of the 2nd and 3rd degree involves the organization of special working conditions, including the creation of special jobs.
AIMS: Study of the need for people with disabilities in employment at a special workplace in the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg and the results of the IPRA on the creation of special jobs for 5 years (20152019).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the research is a set of disabled people in need of vocational rehabilitation in St. Petersburg. Sources ― certificates of examination, reporting form No. 7-social security. Research methods: analytical, expert assessment method, statistical.
RESULTS: In the dynamics from 2015 to 2019, a low indicator of the identified need for disabled people to create special jobs for the employment of disabled people was revealed both in the Russian Federation (7.3%) and in St. Petersburg (3.7%). It has been established that since 2018, in statistical form 7-sobes, the mandatory recommendations for the employment of disabled people with sensory impairments in special workplaces have been regulated. In this regard, the paper analyzes the needs for the organization of special workplaces for people with sensory disabilities, while in dynamics for 20182019. there was an increase in the indicator of the need to create special jobs for this contingent in the Russian Federation (from 17.4% in 2018 to 22.1% in 2019 for the visually impaired; from 0.3% in 2018 to 0.4% in 2019 for the disabled with simultaneous visual and hearing impairment) and a decrease in this indicator in St. Petersburg (from 56.2% in 2018 to 44.3 in 2019 for the visually impaired; from 4.0% in 2018 to 1.9% in 2019 for the disabled with simultaneous visual and hearing impairment).
CONCLUSION: The data obtained substantiate the relevance of studying this problem with the need to develop an optimal model for creating special jobs to increase the employment rates of disabled people of groups I and II.
Features and innovations in teaching the discipline «Information Technology» in the framework of inclusive education
Authors: Popov Stepan A. , Bastrykina Tatiana S. , Belyakovsky Boris Yu. , Kiseleva Ekaterina V.
Published: February 2022

Based on the conclusions of the medical and social examination, people with confirmed disabilities should not have obstacles to receiving education in full.
Currently, a single educational space has developed in Russia, and integration has become the leading direction in the education and upbringing of children with disabilities, which is expressed by the convergence of mass and special educational systems. Today, the Institute of Inclusive Education is the only internationally recognized instrument for the realization of the rights of people with disabilities to education and a happy future. It has long been customary in the world to pay special attention to people with disabilities, their ability to receive a decent education and their needs for attention, understanding and care of adults.
Inclusive education is the organization of the learning process in which all children, regardless of their physical, mental, intellectual and other characteristics, are included in the general education system and study at their place of residence together with their peers without disabilities, in the same general education institutions ― schools of a general type that take into account their special educational needs and provide their students with the necessary special support.
Today we are talking about giving a new, socio-pedagogical meaning to the process of integrating children with disabilities in educational practice in the field of arts. Of particular importance is the organization of not only and not so much a joint leading activity for a certain age (gaming, educational), as a joint world of peoples lives.
The relevance of e-learning technologies is currently one of the innovative methods of modern education and has its pros and cons. Inclusion takes into account the needs, as well as the special conditions and support needed by the student and teachers to achieve success. Thus, for the success of integration in the educational space of the country, a well-organized and well-functioning infrastructure of specialized pedagogical and psychological assistance to special children studying in general education institutions should be formed and function.
Features for referring citizens 18 years and older with HIV-AIDS for medical and social examination (to help a practicing doctor)
Authors: Ugleva Elena M. , Yamshchikova Tatyana  Yu.
Published: February 2022

The establishment of disability is entrusted to the federal institutions of medical and social expertise (ITU). A number of regulatory documents regulate the process of examination of patients in the ITU Bureau. A citizen is sent to the ITU by a medical organization, regardless of its organizational and legal form. It is necessary to refer the patient to the ITU bureau in the formation of persistent disorders of the bodys functions, which persist when an adequate and complete set of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures is carried out. A mandatory document in the examination process is Referral for medical and social examination by a medical organization (form No. 088/y).
The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, by joint Order No. 27n/36n, approved the procedure for filling out the referral to the ITU on Form No. 088/y. The new procedure comes into effect on January 1, 2022. The document analyzes and analyzes in detail each point of the referral to the ITU; specifies how the referral points should be filled in; specifies the timing of the transfer of the referral to the ITU territorial bureau; identifies cases when it is possible to issue a referral on paper; The procedure for sending foreign citizens to the ITU is stipulated.
The form 088/y has not changed, but from January 1, 2022, the direction will be formed in the form of an electronic document. If it is impossible to form an electronic version of the document and if there is no information system or access to it in the medical organization, the referral will be formed on paper.
An extremely important and responsible moment is filling out the form 088 /y by specialists of a medical organization, since when deciding on the establishment of disability, ITU doctors rely largely on the information recorded in this document.