bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People with high empathy show increased cortical activity around the left medial parieto-occipital sulcus after watching social interaction of on-screen characters
Authors: Hamada Masayoshi , Matsubayashi Jun , Tanaka Kenta , Furuya Makiko , Matsuhashi Masao , Mima Tatsuya , Fukuyama Hidenao , Mitani Akira
Published: November 2021

People with high empathy interpret others’ mental states in daily social interactions. To investigate their characteristics of social cognitive processing, we compared neuromagnetic activities between 20 males with high empathy and 23 males with low empathy while watching social interactions between two characters. Twenty stories of four-panel comic strips were presented; the first three panels described social interactions, and the last panel described empathic/nonempathic behaviors. People with high empathy exhibited increased cortical activity in the right occipital region, medial part of the bilateral superior frontal gyri, and right posterior insula while watching social interaction scenes, which suggests that they paid attention to others’ faces and bodies, and inferred others’ mental states. They also exhibited increased cortical activity in the left superior frontal gyrus while watching empathic behaviors. Moreover, they exhibited increased cortical activity in the region around the left medial parieto-occipital sulcus, which is related to self-projection, while passively watching both empathic and nonempathic endings. Taken together, these results suggest that people with high empathy pay attention to others and actively infer others’ mental states while watching social interactions and that they reconstruct others’ mental states and intentions through self-projection after watching a sequence of others’ behaviors.
Plasma Rotavirus-specific IgA and Risk of Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Infants in Malawi
Authors: Pollock Louisa , Bennett Aisleen , Jere Khuzwayo C , Mandolo Jonathan , Dube Queen , Bar-Zeev Naor , Heyderman Robert S , Cunliffe Nigel A , Iturriza-Gomara Miren
Published: November 2021

Background

Rotavirus vaccine efficacy is reduced in low-income populations, but efforts to improve vaccine performance are limited by lack of clear correlates of protection. Although plasma rotavirus (RV)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) appears strongly associated with protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis in high-income countries, weaker association has been observed in low-income countries. We tested the hypothesis that lower RV-specific IgA is associated with rotavirus vaccine failure in Malawian infants.

Methods

In a case-control study, we recruited infants presenting with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis following monovalent oral rotavirus vaccination (RV1 vaccine failures). Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the odds of rotavirus seronegativity (RV-specific IgA < 20 U/mL) in these cases compared 1:1 with age-matched, vaccinated, asymptomatic community controls. Plasma RV-specific IgA was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all participants at recruitment, and for cases at 10 days after symptom onset. Rotavirus infection and genotype were determined by antigen testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

Results

In 116 age-matched pairs, infants with RV1 vaccine failure were more likely to be RV-specific IgA seronegative than controls: odds ratio, 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–5.9), P=.001. In 60 infants with convalescent serology, 42/45 (93%; 95% CI. 81–98) infants seronegative at baseline became seropositive. Median rise in RV-specific IgA concentration following acute infection was 112.8 (interquartile range, 19.1–380.6)-fold.

Conclusions

In this vaccinated population with high residual burden of rotavirus disease, RV1 vaccine failure was associated with lower RV-specific IgA, providing further evidence of RV-specific IgA as a marker of protection. Robust convalescent RV-specific IgA response in vaccine failures suggests differences in wild-type and vaccine-induced immunity, which informs future vaccine development.
(Unintended) Consequences of export restrictions on medical goods during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Grassia Marco , Mangioni Giuseppe , Schiavo Stefano , Traverso Silvio
Published: November 2021

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic led several governments to impose restrictions on the export of medical supplies. Despite being at odds with the canonical prescriptions of the economic theory, non-cooperative measures of this kind remain popular tools in times of crisis. By modelling the diffusion of the effects of export restrictions on the domestic availability of medical goods through the international trade network, we study the zero-sum game logic that lies behind these policies. We show that, even if one abstracts from the complex and non-linear real-world dynamics that characterize global crises, unilateral trade restrictions are not helpful. In fact, while restrictions would be beneficial to a country implementing them in isolation, we observe that their generalized use makes most countries worse off relative to a no-ban scenario. Moreover, the results also indicates restraining from export bans has negligible costs even when other countries apply them. In terms of normative analysis, our results provide new evidence against unilateral trade policies which go above and beyond the context of the current pandemic.
Little Monsters: Austerity, Anxiety, and the Monstrous Child in Doris Lessing’sThe Fifth Child
Authors: Arnold Lucy
Published: November 2021

The popular imagination of the 1970s and 1980s was a fertile breeding ground for monstrous children who proliferated within a political climate where austerity was becoming a central concept in Thatcherite thinking. In this article, I argue that, despite their neoliberal positioning as possessing certain modes of capital, children become “monstrous” in Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child through their association with precisely the kinds of excess which austerity politics condemns, constituting a corporeal and economic threat. I read these “little monsters” as articulations of the social anxieties about lack and scarcity upon which austerity is based and which it subsequently generates and, more broadly, as inscriptions of the ambivalent position of the child within Thatcherite policy and rhetoric.
A graphical representation of glycan heterogeneity
Authors: Zeng Xuyao , Novotny Milos V , Clemmer David E , Trinidad Jonathan C
Published: November 2021

A substantial shortcoming of large-scale datasets is often the inability to easily represent and visualize key features. This problem becomes acute when considering the increasing technical ability to profile large numbers of glycopeptides and glycans in recent studies. Here, we describe a simple, concise graphical representation intended to capture the microheterogeneity associated with glycan modification at specific sites. We illustrate this method by showing visual representations of the glycans and glycopeptides from a variety of species. The graphical representation presented allows one to easily discern the compositions of all glycans, similarities and differences of modifications found in different samples and, in the case of N-linked glycans, the initial steps in the biosynthetic pathway.
How Communicating about Discrimination Influences Attributions of Blame and Condemnation
Authors: DeAndrea David C , Bullock Olivia M
Published: November 2021

Across two randomized experiments, we examine how communication about discriminatory acts can influence judgments of blame and condemnation. Specifically, we consider whether attributing discrimination to implicit or explicit bias affects how people evaluate online reports of discrimination. In Study 1 (N = 947), we explore this question in the context of an online news environment, and in Study 2 (N = 121) we replicate our results on a social media site (i.e., Twitter). Across both studies, we document how viewers respond differently to reports of discrimination due to variation in agent motives, the type of bias that purportedly caused the discriminatory behavior, and the extent to which agents are reported to have completed implicit bias training. We discuss our theoretical contribution to perspectives of blame attribution and the communication of bias as well as the practical implications of our findings.
Trends in exposure to and perceptions of e-cigarette marketing among youth in England, Canada and the United States between 2017 and 2019
Authors: Cho Yoo Jin , Thrasher James F , Driezen Pete , Hitchman Sara C , Reid Jessica L , Hammond David
Published: November 2021

E-Cigarette marketing may influence e-cigarette use among youth. This study examined reported exposure to and perceptions of e-cigarette marketing among youth between 2017 and 2019 across countries with varying e-cigarette marketing restrictions. Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted with 35 490 youth aged 16–19 from England, Canada and the United States in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Weighted logistic regression models examined trends in the adjusted prevalence of self-reported exposure to e-cigarette marketing and the perceived appeal of e-cigarette ads between 2017 and 2019, by country and by smoking/vaping status. Reports of frequent exposure to e-cigarette marketing increased between 2017 and 2019 in all countries, but less so in England, where e-cigarette marketing is more restricted. Perceiving e-cigarette marketing as appealing increased from 2017 to 2019 in Canada and the United States, but not in England. In England, exposure to e-cigarette marketing did not increase in prohibited channels between 2017 and 2019. Between 2017 and 2019, never-users’ reports increased for exposure to and appeal of e-cigarette marketing. The results suggest some effectiveness of e-cigarette marketing bans in England and receptivity to e-cigarette marketing among youth never users.
Ecosystems and competition law in theory and practice
Authors: Jacobides Michael G , Lianos Ioannis
Published: November 2021

One of the most profound changes in the industrial landscape in the last decade has been the growth of business ecosystems—groups of connected firms, drawing on (digital) platforms that leverage their complementors and lock in their customers, exploiting the “bottlenecks” that emerge in new industry architectures. This has created new asymmetries of power, where the “field” of competition is not the relevant product market, as is usually the case in competition law, but rather the ecosystem of various complementary products and associated complementor firms. These dynamics raise novel concerns over competition. After examining the foundational elements of the ecosystem concept, we review how ecosystems are addressed within the current scope of competition law and identify the gap in the existing framework of conventional competition law. We then move to a critical review of current efforts and proposals in the European Union for providing regulatory remedies for ex ante and ex post resolution of problems, focusing on the current (2020) proposals of the Digital Market Act on ex ante regulation, with its particular focus on “gatekeepers.” We also review recent regulatory initiatives in European countries that focus on ex post regulation and on the role of business models and ecosystem architectures in regulation before providing a deep dive into proposed Greek legislation that explicitly focuses on ecosystem regulation. We conclude with our observations on the challenges in instituting and implementing a regulatory framework for ecosystems, drawing on research and our own engagement in the regulatory process.
Bernstein and Half-Space Properties for Minimal Graphs Under Ricci Lower Bounds
Authors: Colombo Giulio , Magliaro Marco , Mari Luciano , Rigoli Marco
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we prove a new gradient estimate for minimal graphs defined on domains of a complete manifold $M$ with Ricci curvature bounded from below. This enables us to show that positive, entire minimal graphs on manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature are constant and that complete, parabolic manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below have the half-space property. We avoid the need of sectional curvature bounds on $M$ by exploiting a form of the Ahlfors–Khas’minskii duality in nonlinear potential theory.
Implications of Large-Effect Loci for Conservation: A Review and Case Study with Pacific Salmon
Authors: Waples Robin S , Ford Michael J , Nichols Krista , Kardos Marty , Myers Jim , Thompson Tasha Q , Anderson Eric C , Koch Ilana J , McKinney Garrett , Miller Michael R , Naish Kerry , Narum Shawn R , O’Malley Kathleen G , Pearse Devon E , Pess George R , Quinn Thomas P , Seamons Todd R , Spidle Adrian , Warheit Kenneth I , Willis Stuart C
Published: November 2021

The increasing feasibility of assembling large genomic datasets for non-model species presents both opportunities and challenges for applied conservation and management. A popular theme in recent studies is the search for large-effect loci that explain substantial portions of phenotypic variance for a key trait(s). If such loci can be linked to adaptations, 2 important questions arise: 1) Should information from these loci be used to reconfigure conservation units (CUs), even if this conflicts with overall patterns of genetic differentiation? 2) How should this information be used in viability assessments of populations and larger CUs? In this review, we address these questions in the context of recent studies of Chinook salmon and steelhead (anadromous form of rainbow trout) that show strong associations between adult migration timing and specific alleles in one small genomic region. Based on the polygenic paradigm (most traits are controlled by many genes of small effect) and genetic data available at the time showing that early-migrating populations are most closely related to nearby late-migrating populations, adult migration differences in Pacific salmon and steelhead were considered to reflect diversity within CUs rather than separate CUs. Recent data, however, suggest that specific alleles are required for early migration, and that these alleles are lost in populations where conditions do not support early-migrating phenotypes. Contrasting determinations under the US Endangered Species Act and the State of California’s equivalent legislation illustrate the complexities of incorporating genomics data into CU configuration decisions. Regardless how CUs are defined, viability assessments should consider that 1) early-migrating phenotypes experience disproportionate risks across large geographic areas, so it becomes important to identify early-migrating populations that can serve as reliable sources for these valuable genetic resources; and 2) genetic architecture, especially the existence of large-effect loci, can affect evolutionary potential and adaptability.
Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Decrease Foraging But Not Recruitment After Neonicotinoid Exposure
Authors: Ohlinger Bradley D , Schürch Roger , Durzi Sharif , Kietzman Parry M , Silliman Mary R , Couvillon Margaret J
Published: November 2021

Honey bees (Linnaeus, Hymenoptera: Apidae) are widely used as commercial pollinators and commonly forage in agricultural and urban landscapes containing neonicotinoid-treated plants. Previous research has demonstrated that honey bees display adverse behavioral and cognitive effects after treatment with sublethal doses of neonicotinoids. In laboratory studies, honey bees simultaneously increase their proportional intake of neonicotinoid-treated solutions and decrease their total solution consumption to some concentrations of certain neonicotinoids. These findings suggest that neonicotinoids might elicit a suboptimal response in honey bees, in which they forage preferentially on foods containing pesticides, effectively increasing their exposure, while also decreasing their total food intake; however, behavioral responses in semifield and field conditions are less understood. Here we conducted a feeder experiment with freely flying bees to determine the effects of a sublethal, field-realistic concentration of imidacloprid (IMD) on the foraging and recruitment behaviors of honey bees visiting either a control feeder containing a sucrose solution or a treatment feeder containing the same sucrose solution with IMD. We report that IMD-treated honey bees foraged less frequently (–28%) and persistently (–66%) than control foragers. Recruitment behaviors (dance frequency and dance propensity) also decreased with IMD, but nonsignificantly. Our results suggest that neonicotinoids inhibit honey bee foraging, which could potentially decrease food intake and adversely affect colony health.
Evaluating Volatile Plant Compounds of Psidium galapageium (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) as Repellents Against Invasive Parasitic Diptera in the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Martina C , Krenn L , Krupicka L , Yamada H , Hood-Nowotny R , Lahuatte P F , Yar J , Schwemhofer T , Fischer B , Causton C E , Tebbich S
Published: November 2021

Plant-based repellents represent a safe, economic, and viable alternative to managing invasive insects that threaten native fauna. Observations of self-medication in animals can provide important cues to the medicinal properties of plants. A recent study in the Galapagos Islands found that Darwin’s finches apply the leaves of Psidium galapageium (Hooker 1847) to their feathers, extracts of which were repellent to mosquitoes and the parasitic fly Philornis downsi (Dodge & Aitkens 1968; Diptera: Muscidae). Introduced mosquitoes are suspected vectors of avian pathogens in the Galapagos Islands, whereas the larvae of P. downsi are blood-feeders, causing significant declines of the endemic avifauna. In this study, we investigated the volatile compounds found in P. galapageium, testing each against a model organism, the mosquito Anopheles arabiensis (Patton 1905; Diptera: Culicidae), with the aim of singling out the most effective compound for repelling dipterans. Examinations of an ethanolic extract of P. galapageium, its essential oil and each of their respective fractions, revealed a mixture of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, the latter consisting mainly of guaiol, trans-nerolidol, and β-eudesmol. Of these, trans-nerolidol was identified as the most effective repellent to mosquitoes. This was subsequently tested at four different concentrations against P. downsi, but we did not find a repellence response. A tendency to avoid the compound was observed, albeit significance was not achieved in any case. The lack of repellence suggests that flies may respond to a combination of the volatile compounds found in P. galapageium, rather than to a single compound.
A Scoping Review and Proposed Framework for Coping in Youth With a History of Psychological Trauma and Chronic Pain
Authors: Nelson Sarah , Agoston Monica , Kovar-Gough Iris , Cunningham Natoshia
Published: November 2021

Objective

Psychological trauma (e.g., abuse, neglect) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) commonly occur in pediatric pain populations and may be related to various maladaptive coping strategies, which may in turn affect short- and long-term pain-related outcomes in youth. Accordingly, the current scoping review and conceptual framework seeks to identify important gaps in the field’s current understanding of how coping impacts outcomes in youth who have experienced trauma/PTSS and pediatric chronic pain and explores avenues for future investigation.

Methods

A scoping review of the literature was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and Sociological Abstracts. Eligibility criteria included pediatric populations experiencing chronic pain, trauma, adverse childhood events, and/or PTSS and associated coping mechanisms. Nine research papers were selected and used to support the conceptual framework. The framework builds upon the work of Compas et al.’s’ model of control-based coping (Compas et al., 2006; Compas & Harding Thomsen, 1999) and outlines the potential effects of trauma and/or PTSS and pain on coping and pain-related outcomes (e.g., pain chronicity, functional outcomes) in pediatric chronic pain populations.

Results

A history of chronic pain and psychological trauma and/or PTSS in youth may contribute to increased risk for maladaptive coping and in turn, poorer pain-related and psychosocial outcomes long-term.

Conclusions

Findings from the current scoping review and proposed conceptual framework will guide future research and treatment efforts for youths experiencing pain and trauma and/or PTSS and thereby enhance long-term outcomes.
A dancing worm is seen in the abdominal drainage tube
Authors: Shen Yajuan , Miao Feng , Bai Xueli , Wang Guangchuan , Liu Zhi , Ma Hongrui , Feng Shu
Published: November 2021

A dancing worm was found in the abdominal drainage tube of a patient with cholangiocarcinoma, who had just been given percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage administration 3 days earlier. After the oral administration of praziquantel, another motile adult and two dead damaged adults were expelled. What are they?
Overexpression of purple acid phosphatase GmPAP2.1 confers resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in a susceptible soybean cultivar
Authors: Widyasari Kristin , Tran Phu-Tri , Shin Jiyoung , Son Hokyoung , Kim Kook-Hyung
Published: November 2021

A purple acid phosphatase, GmPAP2.1, from the soybean (Glycine max) cultivar L29 may function as a resistance factor acting against specific strains of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). In this study, we found that overexpression of GmPAP2.1 from L29 conferred SMV resistance to a susceptible cultivar, Lee 74. We determined that GmPAP2.1 interacted with the SMV protein P1 in the chloroplasts, resulting in the up-regulation of the ICS1 gene, which in turn promoted the pathogen-induced salicylic acid (SA) pathway. SA accumulation was elevated in response to the co-expression of GmPAP2.1 and SMV, while transient knockdown of endogenous SA-related genes resulted in systemic infection by SMV strain G5H, suggesting that GmPAP2.1-derived resistance depended on the SA-pathway for the activation of a defense response. Our findings thus suggest that GmPAP2.1 purple acid phosphatase of soybean cultivar L29 functions as an SA-pathway-dependent resistance factor acting against SMV.
Bright, relatively isolated star clusters in PHANGS–HST galaxies: Aperture corrections, quantitative morphologies, and comparison with synthetic stellar population models
Authors: Deger Sinan , Lee Janice C , Whitmore Bradley C , Thilker David A , Boquien Mederic , Chandar Rupali , Dale Daniel A , Ubeda Leonardo , White Rick , Grasha Kathryn , Glover Simon C O , Schruba Andreas , Barnes Ashley T , Klessen Ralf , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Rosolowsky Erik , Williams Thomas G
Published: November 2021

Using PHANGS–HST NUV-U-B-V-I imaging of 17 nearby spiral galaxies, we study samples of star clusters and stellar associations, visually selected to be bright and relatively isolated, for three purposes: to compute aperture corrections for star cluster photometry, to explore the utility of quantitative morphologies in the analysis of clusters and associations, and to compare to synthetic stellar population models. We provide a technical summary of our procedures to determine aperture corrections, a standard step in the production of star cluster candidate catalogues, and compare to prior work. We also use this specialized sample to launch an analysis into the measurement of star cluster light profiles. We focus on one measure, M20 (normalized second-order moment of the brightest 20 per cent of pixels), applied previously to study the morphologies of galaxies. We find that M20 in combination with UB-VI colours, yields a parameter space where distinct loci are formed by single-peaked symmetric clusters, single-peaked asymmetric clusters, and multipeaked associations. We discuss the potential applications for using M20 to gain insight into the formation and evolution of clusters and associations. Finally, we compare the colour distributions of this sample with various synthetic stellar population models. One finding is that the standard procedure of using a single-metallicity SSP track to fit the entire population of clusters in a given galaxy should be revisited, as the oldest globular clusters will be more metal-poor compared to clusters formed recently.
A numerical study of 21-cm signal suppression and noise increase in direction-dependent calibration of LOFAR data
Authors: Mevius M , Mertens F , Koopmans L V E , Offringa A R , Yatawatta S , Brentjens M A , Chapman E , Ciardi B , Gan H , Gehlot B K , Ghara R , Ghosh A , Giri S K , Iliev I T , Mellema G , Pandey V N , Zaroubi S
Published: November 2021

We investigate systematic effects in direction-dependent gain calibration in the context of the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) 21-cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) experiment. The LOFAR EoR Key Science Project aims to detect the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen on interferometric baselines of 50–250 λ. We show that suppression of faint signals can effectively be avoided by calibrating these short baselines using only the longer baselines. However, this approach causes an excess variance on the short baselines due to small gain errors induced by overfitting during calibration. We apply a regularized expectation–maximization algorithm with consensus optimization (sagecal-co) to real data with simulated signals to show that overfitting can be largely mitigated by penalising spectrally non-smooth gain solutions during calibration. This reduces the excess power with about a factor of 4 in the simulations. Our results agree with earlier theoretical analysis of this bias-variance trade off and support the gain-calibration approach to the LOFAR 21-cm signal data.
Nickel import and export in the human pathogenHelicobacter pylori, perspectives from molecular modelling
Authors: Camporesi Giulia , Minzoni Arianna , Morasso Luca , Ciurli Stefano , Musiani Francesco
Published: November 2021

The uptake of essential metal ions and the ability to extrude them when their excess causes toxicity are crucial processes for all living beings. Nickel is a virulence factor for several human pathogens and in particular for the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori because of its crucial role in the catalytic activity of two Ni-dependent enzymes, urease and hydrogenase. H. pylori requires efficient uptake mechanisms to import Ni(II) because of its scarcity in the human body, but the molecular details of Ni(II) homeostasis are not fully known. Here we offer a structural framework for the machinery of Ni(II) import/export in H. pylori, obtained through comparative modelling and macromolecular docking. The model structures reported in this perspective are initial steps towards the understanding of these processes at the molecular level and in the direction to exploit them to eradicate infections caused by this family of pathogens. The differences between the structural models obtained by using both the recently released neural network-based approach implemented in AlphaFold2 and a more classical user-driven modelling procedure are also discussed.
Complexities in the role of acetylation dynamics in modifying inducible gene activation parameters
Authors: Carrera Samantha , O’Donnell Amanda , Li Yaoyong , Nowicki-Osuch Karol , Yang Shen-Hsi , Baker Syed Murtuza , Spiller David , Sharrocks Andrew D
Published: November 2021

High levels of histone acetylation are associated with the regulatory elements of active genes, suggesting a link between acetylation and gene activation. We revisited this model, in the context of EGF-inducible gene expression and found that rather than a simple unifying model, there are two broad classes of genes; one in which high lysine acetylation activity is required for efficient gene activation, and a second group where the opposite occurs and high acetylation activity is inhibitory. We examined the latter class in more detail using EGR2 as a model gene and found that lysine acetylation levels are critical for several activation parameters, including the timing of expression onset, and overall amplitudes of the transcriptional response. In contrast, DUSP1 responds in the canonical manner and its transcriptional activity is promoted by acetylation. Single cell approaches demonstrate heterogenous activation kinetics of a given gene in response to EGF stimulation. Acetylation levels modify these heterogenous patterns and influence both allele activation frequencies and overall expression profile parameters. Our data therefore point to a complex interplay between acetylation equilibria and target gene induction where acetylation level thresholds are an important determinant of transcriptional induction dynamics that are sensed in a gene-specific manner.
Lucy Hutchinson’s Guide to Domestic Catechesis
Authors: McQuade Paula
Published: November 2021

This essay proposes that we can better understand Lucy Hutchinson’s manuscript, ‘On the Principles of the Christian Religion’, by considering it in relation to ministerial guides to domestic catechesis. Guides to catechesis were a popular religious genre in sevententh-century England and were most often composed by ministers as part of their pastoral duties; they provided explanations of the Westminster Shorter Catechism and were designed for use within godly homes. ‘On the Principles’ resembles these ministerial guides both thematically and structurally. But Hutchinson elaborates and expands the genre to reflect her own concerns and experience as a catechizing mother, just as she adapts the epic genre in ‘Order and Disorder’. By composing a guide to domestic catechesis for her daughter, Hutchinson draws upon the authority accorded to mothers in domestic catechesis while emulating ministerial authority. Hutchinson’s adaptation of this ministerial genre reveals her views concerning the role of domestic catechesis within Christian community as well as her understanding of the relationship between women’s teaching and ministerial authority.
Fluoroscopic Evaluation of the Male Urethra in the Setting of Trauma
Authors: Ehrhart Mark D. , Nojaba Leila , Murali Sowmiya , Richardson Lisa M. , Weaver Jennifer S. , Wang Sherry S. , Revels Jonathan W.
Published: November 2021

The radiologist plays a key role in evaluation of the male urethra after trauma. In particular, radiologists perform the fluoroscopic procedures commonly used to evaluate for urethral injury: retrograde urethrography (RUG) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Radiologists must effectively illustrate urethral anatomy and pathology while avoiding imaging pitfalls. This review article discusses normal male urethral anatomy, fluoroscopic imaging techniques for evaluation of the male urethra, findings and classification of traumatic urethral pathology, and common treatments of traumatic urethral injury. It is important that radiologists are aware of these key elements to communicate effectively with the treating clinicians.
Utilization and Meaningfulness of National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners' Mentoring Toolkit Activities
Authors: Moss Colleen Reilly
Published: November 2021

Background:

Mentoring is a process in which a more skilled or experienced person builds a supportive relationship with a less experienced person to promote the latter's professional development. The National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NANNP) supports the establishment of formalized mentoring programs for neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) and published a mentoring toolkit in 2017. Completing suggested activities outlined in the toolkit promotes the incorporation of evidence-based practice into the NNP professional role.

Purpose:

This quality improvement project's purpose was to measure utilization and meaningfulness of NANNP mentoring toolkit activities.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 21 nurse practitioners was paired in 2 mentoring cohorts. Dyads were encouraged to meet monthly to complete NANNP mentoring toolkit activities in the context of a formalized mentoring program. Monthly data were collected to evaluate use and meaningfulness of the toolkit activities. Quantitative data included frequency and length of mentoring meetings, activities completed, and ratings of meaningfulness on a Likert-type scale.

Results:

Six of the 9 (67%) NANNP mentoring activities completed by the 2 cohorts were rated as “meaningful” or “very meaningful” by participants.

Implications for Practice and Research:

Activities from the NANNP mentoring toolkit provide structure to mentoring relationship development. Recognizing the challenge to recruit and retain NNPs, organizations are encouraged to explore creative solutions to develop and support formalized mentoring programs. Further research is warranted to validate use of NANNP toolkit activities in the establishment and evaluation of a formalized mentoring program in various neonatal intensive care unit settings.
The Needs of NICU Fathers in Their Own Words
Authors: Merritt Linda , Maxwell Jazmine , Urbanosky Cameryn
Published: November 2021

Background:

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses need a better understanding of fathers' needs and perceptions in order to provide more family holistic care. Previous research aimed at exploring fathers' experiences in the NICU resulted in identifying some needs; however, these studies mostly occurred outside the United States where practices may differ. Therefore, research is needed to explore NICU fathers' needs within the United States.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore the needs of fathers who previously had a premature infant in the NICU.

Methods:

This qualitative descriptive study used semistructured interviews collected to obtain in-depth knowl-edge of fathers' needs in the NICU. Twenty-eight fathers were recruited through 3 parent support organizations: Hand to Hold, NICU Parent Support Network, and March of Dimes.

Results:

Results revealed 3 themes: need for support, clarity and to be recognized.

Implications for Practice:

Fathers have specific needs in the NICU that need to be addressed and that may differ from mothers. Awareness of addressing fathers' needs promotes more holistic care to fathers, supports coping within the NICU environment and the multifaceted impact of the experience, and helps them engage in the care of their infant.

Implications for Research:

Further research is needed to explore the needs of fathers from diverse backgrounds and those who perceive to be or are less involved in their infant's care as well as their experiences and needs related to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Comparative research is also needed to identify differences between mothers' and fathers' needs in order to determine interventions that promoting more holistic, family-centered care.
Neonatal Nurses' Report of Family-Centered Care Resources and Practices
Authors: Weber Ashley , Kaplan Heather , Voos Kristin , Elder Mason , Close Emma , Tubbs-Cooley Heather , Bakas Tamilyn , Hall Sue
Published: November 2021

Background:

A paucity of studies describes the prevalence of family-centered care (FCC) practices and resources in US neonatal units.

Purpose:

To identify US prevalence of FCC practices and resources and to identify the largest gaps in resource provision.

Methods:

Neonatal nurses completed an online survey through national conferences (eg, NANN educational conference), neonatal organization Web sites (eg, NANN research survey), and social media (eg, NANN and NPA Facebook). Nurses provided demographics and the National Perinatal Association Self-Assessment on Comprehensive Family Support, a 61-item checklist of FCC practices and resources from 6 categories: family-centered developmental care, staff education/support, peer support, palliative care, discharge education, and mental health support.

Results:

Nurses (n = 103) reported lowest resources for Peer Support and Mental Health Support. About a third had a neonatal intensive care unit parent advisory committee (n = 39; 37.9%). Only 43.7% (n = 45) had necessary amenities for families to stay with their infants. Less than a third felt that mental health professionals were adequately staffed to provide counseling to parents (n = 28; 27.5%). Very few nurses had adequate training on providing parents psychological support (n = 16; 15.8%). More than half (n = 58; 56.3%) stated that all staff receive training in family-centered developmental care. Finally, less than half (n = 42; 40.8%) stated that staff see parents as equal members of the care team.

Implications for Practice:

We demonstrate a consistent and widespread lack of training provided to neonatal staff in nearly every aspect of comprehensive FCC support.

Implications for Research:

Researchers need to identify unit/organizational interventions that increase adoption and implementation of FCC practices and resources.
Understanding Self-reported Hearing Disability in Adults With Normal Hearing
Authors: Kamerer Aryn M. , Harris Sara E. , Kopun Judy G. , Neely Stephen T. , Rasetshwane Daniel M.
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Despite a diagnosis of normal hearing, many people experience hearing disability (HD) in their everyday lives. This study assessed the ability of a number of demographic and auditory variables to explain and predict self-reported HD in people regarded as audiologically healthy via audiometric thresholds.

Design:

One-hundred eleven adults (ages 19 to 74) with clinically normal hearing (i.e., audiometric thresholds ≤25 dB HL at all octave and interoctave frequencies between 0.25 and 8 kHz and bilaterally symmetric hearing) were asked to complete the 12-item version of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) as a measure of self-reported HD. Patient history and a number of standard and expanded measures of hearing were assessed in a multivariate regression analysis to predict SSQ12 score. Patient history included age, sex, history of noise exposure, and tinnitus. Hearing-related measures included audiometry at standard and extended high frequencies, word recognition, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and FM detection threshold.

Results:

History of impulse noise exposure, speech-intelligibility index, and FM detection threshold accurately predicted SSQ12 and were able to account for 40% of the SSQ12 score. These three measures were also able to predict whether participants self-reported HD with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 86%.

Conclusions:

Although participant audiometric thresholds were within normal limits, higher thresholds, history of impulse noise exposure, and FM detection predicted self-reported HD.
Proximal Humeral Replacement With Osteoarticular Allograft Prosthetic Composite in Failed Revision Total Elbow Arthroplasty With Marked Bone Loss
Authors: Tummala Sailesh V. , McQuivey Kade S. , Hinckley Nathaniel B. , Goulding Krista A. , Renfree Kevin J.
Published: November 2021

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) procedures are becoming more prevalent with an associated increase in revision procedures. Revision TEA in the setting of marked bone loss poses a challenge for the treating surgeon. We present a viable surgical option for patients with extensive proximal humeral bone loss treated with proximal humerus osteoarticular allograft prosthetic composites prepared with intact rotator cuff, pectoralis, and deltoid soft tissue attachments along with a rehabilitative protocol and follow up. Revision techniques involving the use of strut allografts and allograft prosthetic composites have previously been described in the distal humerus, but none to our knowledge have been published regarding composite allograft replacement of the proximal humerus in in combination with a TEA.
Advanced Amputation Techniques in Orthopedic Surgery: Hand Transplantation
Authors: Polascik Breanna A. , Mundy Lily R. , Cendales Linda C.
Published: November 2021

Hand transplantation is a form of vascularized composite allotransplantation under clinical research, which presents a novel therapy to amputation. Preparation for hand transplantation requires a carefully selected candidate, an extensive preoperative workup, and organization of a large, multidisciplinary team and a robust research infrastructure, among others. Performing a hand transplant involves a complex coordination of the teams from organ procurement and recipient surgery. Postoperatively, hand transplant recipients must undergo extensive occupational therapy, monitoring, and immunosuppression for as long as they have the transplant. Allograft rejection is a common complication of hand transplantation. However, complications may also be secondary to immunosuppression, which represents an important consideration in the decision-making between risk versus benefit. Advances in vascular surgery, immunology, microsurgery, and hand surgery allowed for the first successful hand transplant in 1998, and now over 150 hand transplants have been performed worldwide with preliminary positive functional outcomes. Both positive and negative psychosocial outcomes have been recorded. As an experimental procedure, many parameters, including patient selection criteria, immunosuppression regimens, outcomes, and monitoring protocols, have yet to be standardized. Innovation, systematic study, and practice will move forward the field of hand transplantation. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of key preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations, complications, and outcomes, as well as areas of active research in vascularized composite allotransplantation.
Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage and mortality in adult patients with severe respiratory failure managed using veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Wu Xiaojing , Li Min , Cai Ying , Zhai Tianshu , Zhang Yi , Zhan Qingyuan , Gu Sichao
Published: November 2021

Background:

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most severe complications during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). This study aimed to determine the risk factors for ICH and mortality in such patients.

Methods:

We analyzed the clinical data of 77 patients who received VV-ECMO due to severe respiratory failure from July 2013 to May 2019 at China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Demographical data, laboratory indices, imaging characteristics, and other clinical information were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for ICH and mortality.

Results:

Of 77 patients, 11 (14.3%) suffered from ICH, and 36 (46.8%) survived. The survival rate was significantly lower (18.2% [2/11] vs. 51.5% [34/66], P = 0.040) in patients with ICH than in those without ICH. Multivariable analysis revealed that factors independently associated with ICH were diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 12.848, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.129–146.188, P = 0.040) and minimum fibrinogen during ECMO (aOR: 2.557, 95% CI: 1.244–5.252, P = 0.011). Multivariable analysis showed that factors independently associated with mortality were acute hepatic failure during ECMO (aOR: 9.205, 95% CI: 1.375–61.604, P = 0.022), CO2 retention before ECMO (aOR: 7.602, 95% CI: 1.514–38.188, P = 0.014), and minimum platelet concentration during ECMO (aOR: 0.130, 95% CI: 0.029–0.577, P = 0.007).

Conclusions:

Diabetes mellitus and minimum fibrinogen concentration during ECMO are risk factors for ICH in patients with severe respiratory failure managed using VV-ECMO. This indicated that anticoagulants use and nervous system monitoring should be performed more carefully in patients with diabetes when treated with VV-ECMO due to severe respiratory failure.
Safety and Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Filler, VYC-20L, via Cannula for Cheek Augmentation: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Study
Authors: Jones Derek , Palm Melanie , Cox Sue Ellen , McDermott Michelle , Sartor Marta , Chawla Smita
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Using cannulas to deliver facial fillers may reduce adverse events (AEs) compared with needle injection.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of VYC-20L (20 mg/mL hyaluronic acid gel with lidocaine) via cannula for midface age-related volume deficit.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This multicenter, evaluator-blind, randomized, within-subject, controlled study enrolled adults with moderate to severe Mid-Face Volume Deficit Scale (MFVDS) scores. VYC-20L was administered in one cheek via cannula (with optional needle use in the zygomaticomalar region) and in the other cheek via needle. The primary effectiveness end point was the mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) paired difference between treatments in MFVDS score change from baseline to Month 1; an upper CI limit of less than 0.5 determined noninferiority. Injection-site responses (ISRs), procedural pain, and AEs were assessed.

RESULTS

Of 60 randomized and treated subjects, the mean change in MFVDS score from baseline to Month 1 was −1.8 with cannulas and −1.9 with needles, providing a mean (95% CI) paired difference of 0.1 (−0.05 to 0.25). Most ISRs were mild/moderate and resolved within 2 weeks. Procedural pain was minimal, and no serious AEs were reported.

CONCLUSION

VYC-20L for cheek augmentation was safe and effective using a cannula and noninferior to needle injection.
Systematic Review of Technical Variations for Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Melanoma
Authors: Krausz Aimee E. , Higgins H. William , Etzkorn Jeremy , Sobanko Joseph , Shin Thuzar , Giordano Cerrene , McMurray Stacy L. , Golda Nicholas , Maher Ian A. , Leitenberger Justin J. , Bar Anna , Nijhawan Rajiv I. , Srivastava Divya , Brewer Jerry D. , Baum Christian L. , Holmes Todd E. , Goldman Glenn D. , Bordeaux Jeremy , Carroll Bryan , Macarthur Kelly , Miller Christopher J.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for cutaneous melanoma is becoming more prevalent, but surgical technique varies.

OBJECTIVE

To define variations in published techniques for MMS for melanoma.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A systematic review was performed of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify all articles describing surgical techniques for MMS for melanoma. Technical details were recorded for the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of MMS.

RESULTS

Twenty-four articles were included. Mohs surgeons vary in how they assess clinical margins, how wide a margin they excise on the first MMS layer, and how they process tissue to determine tumor stage and margin clearance during MMS for melanoma.

CONCLUSION

Mohs micrographic surgery for melanoma is performed with varied surgical techniques. To establish best practices, additional research is necessary to determine how different techniques affect outcomes.