bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Validation and Refinement of the Interoception Sensory Questionnaire (ISQ) in Adolescents and Adults on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Suzman Evan , Williams Zachary J , Feldman Jacob I , Failla Michelle , Cascio Carissa J. , Wallace Mark , Niarchou Maria , Sutcliffe James , Wodka Erika , Woynaroski Tiffany
Published: December 2020

Background: Individuals on the autism spectrum are reported to display alterations in interoception, the sense of the internal state of the body. The Interoception Sensory Questionnaire (ISQ) is a 20-item self-report measure of interoception specifically intended to measure this construct in autistic people. Thus far, the ISQ has not undergone psychometric evaluation in a large sample.Methods: Using confirmatory factor analysis, we evaluated the latent structure of the ISQ in a large online sample of adults on the autism spectrum and found that the unidimensional model fit the data poorly. Using misspecification analysis to identify areas of local misfit and item response theory to investigate the appropriateness of the 7-point response scale, we removed redundant items and collapsed the response options to put forth a novel 8-item, 5-response choice ISQ.Results: The revised, 5-response choice ISQ (ISQ-8) showed much improved fit while maintaining high internal reliability. Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses indicated that the items ISQ-8 were answered in comparable ways by autistic adolescents and adults and across multiple other sociodemographic groups.Limitations: Our results were limited by the fact that we did not collect data for typically developing controls, preventing the analysis of DIF by diagnostic status. Additionally, while this study proposes a new 5-response scale for the ISQ-8, our data were not collected using this method, and thus the psychometric properties for the revised version of this instrument require further investigation.Conclusion: The ISQ-8 shows promise as a reliable and valid measure of interoception in adolescents and adults on the autism spectrum, but additional work is needed to examine its psychometrics in this population. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of ISQ-8 latent trait scores for further studies of autistic adolescents and adults (available at https://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/ISQ_score/).
Malaria in Migrant Agricultural Workers in Dangur District, Benishangul-gumuz, Ethiopia. Entomological Assessment of Malaria Transmission Risk
Authors: Lemma Sisay Dugassa , Murphy Mathew , Chibsa Sheleme , Tadesse Yehualashet , Yohannes Gedeon , Lorenz Lena M , Solomon Hiwot , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Irish Seth R.
Published: December 2020

Background: Ethiopia has made great strides in malaria control. However, this progress has not been uniform and one concern has been reported high rates of malaria transmission in large agricultural development areas in western Ethiopia. Improved vector control is one way this transmission might be addressed, but little is known about malaria vectors in this part of the country. Methods: To better understand the vector species involved in malaria transmission and their behavior, human landing collections were conducted in Dangur woreda, Benishangul-Gumuz, between July and December 2017. Mosquitoes were identified to species and tested for presence of Plasmodium sporozoites. Results: The predominant species collected was Anopheles arabiensis (61.3% of all Anopheles), which was also the only species identified with sporozoites (P. falciparum and P. vivax). Anopheles arabiensis was collected as early in the evening as 18:00h-19:00h, and host-seeking continued until 5:00h-6:00h. Nearly equal numbers were collected indoors and outdoors. The calculated entomological inoculation rate for An. arabiensis for the study period was 1.41 infectious bites per month. More An. arabiensis were collected inside and outside worker’s shelters than in fields where workers were working at night. Conclusions: An. arabiensis is likely to be the primary vector of malaria in the agricultural development areas studied. High rates of human biting took place inside and outdoor near workers’ residential housing. Improved and targeted vector control in this area might considerably reduce malaria transmission.
Simplified Predictive Nomogram for Postprostatectomy Patients Treated with High-dose Salvage Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wang Yu-Jen , Huang Chao-Yuan , Hou Wei-Hsien , Yu Hong-Jen , Lai Ming-Kuen , Liu Shihh-Ping , Pu Yeong-Shau , Cheng Jason Chia Hsien
Published: December 2020

Background:

The role of salvage radiotherapy (RT) is established in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) with biochemical failure (BCF). Intensity modulated RT (IMRT) is adapted for post-RP treatment. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors and develop a nomogram to predict biochemical control in patients treated with exclusively salvage high-dose IMRT for post-RP BCF.
Methods:

One hundred and eleven patients underwent post-RP IMRT, and 92 patients were enrolled after excluding patients with adjuvant RT or lymph node metastasis on RP. Fifty-two percent of patients had androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Moreover, 20% and 34% had pathological T3a and T3b disease, respectively, and 70% had positive surgical margins. The median dose of IMRT was 70 Gy to the prostatic and seminal vesicle bed. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, a nomogram model was generated to predict the probability of BCF after salvage IMRT.
Results:

The 5-year BCF-free survival (BFFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS) after salvage IMRT were 56%, 89%, and 88%, respectively. Post-RP prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir > 0.1 ng/ml (p = 0.004), PSA > 0.5 ng/ml at salvage IMRT (p = 0.016), and Gleason score ≥ 8 (p = 0.013) were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for BFFS on multivariate analyses. The use of ADT, T3a/T3b disease, and positive surgical margins were not associated with BFFS. The predictions from the 3-factor nomogram (post-RP PSA nadir, pre-IMRT PSA, and Gleason score) appeared to be discriminative. The concordance index was 0.713, similar to 0.739 from the 7-factor nomogram with the addition of ADT, T3a/3b, positive margins, and IMRT dose ≥ 70 Gy.
Conclusion:

Salvage IMRT for post-RP BCF achieved a satisfactory outcome. The simplified 3-factor (post-RP PSA nadir, pre-IMRT PSA, and Gleason score) nomogram predicted biochemical control and demanded further validation.
Identification of Issue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Li Guona , Kang Mengmeng , Sheng Siyuan , Chen Ziyi , Li Kunshan , Wu Luyi , Huang Yan , Gu Muen , Wu Huangan
Published: December 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. It is crucial to screen potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of CRC because there are limited clinical symptoms associated with this cancer. Therefore, we attempted to identify biomarkers associated with the occurrence and progression of CRC by utilizing bioinformatic analysis and to elucidate a molecular mechanism for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. Methods: Two independent gene expression profile datasets of colonic neoplasms (GSE44076 and GSE37182) were collected from public GEO datasets, which included 182 tumor tissues and 236 normal tissues. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC colonic samples and non-CRC colonic samples were obtained via GEO2R online tools. Subsequently, hub genes were selected by several analyses of DEGs, including GO pathway enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and PPI network analysis. Finally, the correlation between the hub genes and the occurrence of CRC was tested by harnessing survival analysis and ROC curve analysis. Results: Sixty-one shared DEGs were screened, including 44 high-expression genes and 17 low-expression genes, in CRC samples. Four genes (MYC, TIMP1, MMP7, and COL1A1) were considered to be hub genes because they exhibited higher connectivity degree scores through PPI network analysis. More importantly, there was a significant correlation between increased expression of TIMP1 and reduced survival time in patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: By using bioinformatic analysis, this study suggested that Timp-1 may represent a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of targeted molecular therapy for CRC.
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Transmission Risk Factors In Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Before And During The Lockdown In France
Authors: Rahi Mayda , Pluart Diane Le , Beaudet Alexandra , Ismael Sophie , Parisey Marion , Poey Nora , Tarhini Hassan , Lescure François-Xavier , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Deconinck Laurène
Published: December 2020

Background: The efficacy of lockdown in containing the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported in different studies. However, the impact on sociodemographic characteristics of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in sociodemographic characteristics of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and to compare the transmission risk factors of COVID-19 before and during lockdown in France. Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted in a University Hospital in Paris, France. Data from patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Infectious Diseases Department between February 26 and May 11, 2020 were collected. The study population was divided into 2 groups: group A of patients infected before lockdown, and group B of patients infected during lockdown, considering a maximum incubation period of 14 days. Sociodemographic characteristics and transmission risk factors were compared between the 2 groups using Student's t-test for continuous variables and Chi-2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.Results: Three hundred eighty-three patients were included in the study, 305 (79.6%) in group A and 78 (20.4%) in group B. Patients in group A were significantly younger (60.0 versus (vs) 66.5 years (p=0.03)). The professionally active population was larger in group A (44.3% vs 24.4%). There were significantly more non-French-speaking people in group B (16.7% vs 6.6%, p<0.01). Most patients from group A had individual accommodation (92.8% vs 74.4%, p<0.01). Contact with a relative was the main transmission risk factor in both groups (24.6% vs 33.3%, p=0.16). Recent travel and large gathering were found only in group A. The proportion of people living in disadvantaged conditions, such as homeless people or people living in social housing, was significantly higher in group B (11.5% vs 4.3%, p=0.03) as was the proportion of institutionalized individuals (14.1% vs 3.0%, p<0.01).Conclusions: In this study conducted in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Paris, France, the likelihood of being infected despite the lockdown was higher for people who do not speak French, live in social housing, are homeless or institutionalized. Targeted measures have to be implemented to protect these populations.
Metformin extended-release versus metformin immediate-release for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abrilla Aedrian A. , Pajes A. Nico Nahar I. , Jimeno Cecilia A.
Published: December 2020

This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of metformin extended-release (MXR) and the conventional metformin immediate-release (MIR) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov, from database inception to 15 October 2020, and other sources were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared equal daily doses of MXR and MIR in adults with T2DM. Random-effects model meta-analysis were performed to obtain pooled mean difference (MD) of change from baseline for continuous outcomes (glycemic and serum lipid control and anthropometrics) and risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes (gastrointestinal and serious adverse events). Statistical analysis involving 9 published RCTs with 2609 subjects revealed that MIR was associated with better HbA1c lowering (MD 0.09% [95% confidence interval, 0.02%, 0.017%]) and serum lipid control except LDL-C lowering, while MXR reduced only the cumulative incidence of dyspepsia (RR 0.58 [0.34, 0.98]). MXR and MIR were similar in all other considered outcomes. The use of MXR over MIR among adults with T2DM was associated with statistically worse but likely clinically insignificant HbA1c lowering, similar plasma glucose lowering, and minimal improvement of metformin intolerance. This information may guide patient-physician discussions in choosing between the two formulations.
Clinical features and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in pediatric patients with tic disorders: A retrospective chart review study from South Korea
Authors: Park Eu Gene , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: December 2020

Background: Tic disorders are childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by multiple motor or vocal tics with frequent comorbidities and a broad spectrum of phenotypic presentations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions in pediatric patients with tic disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 119 pediatric patients (89 males, 30 females) who were diagnosed with tic disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5 th edition (DSM-5) at Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Republic of Korea, between January 2012 and July 2019. Results: The mean age of tic onset was 6.9 years (range, 1–14) and the mean age at diagnosis was 8 years (range, 1–17). The mean lag between tic onset and diagnosis was 13.3 months (range, 0.25–132). The most common, first-presenting tics were eye blinking (50.4%), followed by jaw or lip movement (29.4%) and throat clearing (29.4%). Thirty-seven (31.1%) patients had at least one co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder at the time of tic diagnosis. Subtypes of tic disorders, types of initial tics, and presence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities were not associated with tic severity. Tic severity was associated with greater functional impairment and tic noticeability (p <0.05). A relatively shorter time to diagnosis was associated with tic severity (Spearman’s ρ = –0.14, p = 0.11). Conclusions: The evolving nature of tic expression and severity, high prevalence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and associated functional impairments emphasize the importance of comprehensive assessment during the disease course for determining and prioritizing goals of treatment.
Green synthesis of nano-liposomes containing Bunium persicum and Trachyspermum ammi essential oils against Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Mirzaei Farzaneh , Norouzi Roghayeh , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Haghirosadat Bibi Fatemeh , Rezaei Fatemeh , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Mitsuwan Watcharapong , Nawaz Muhammad , Pereira Maria L. , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Montazeri Mahbobeh , Majdizadeh Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasitic flagellated protozoan, is one of the main non-viral sexually-transmitted diseases worldwide. Treatment options for trichomoniasis are limited to nitroimidazole compounds. However, resistance to these drugs has been reported, which requires the development of new anti-Trichomonas agents that confer suitable efficacy and less toxicity.Methods: In the present work, we assessed the effectiveness of the liposomal system containing essential oils of Bunium persicum and Trachyspermum ammi against T. vaginalis in vitro. Liposomal vesicles were prepared with phosphatidylcholine (70%) and cholesterol (30%) using the thin-film method. The essential oils of B. persicum and T. ammi were loaded into the liposomes using the inactive loading method. Liposomal vesicles were made for two plants separately. Their physicochemical features were tested using Zeta-Sizer, AFM and SEM. The anti-Trichomonas activity was determined after 12 and 24 hours of parasite cultures in TYI-S-33 medium. Results: After 12 and 24 hours of administration, the IC50 of the B. persicum essential oil nano-liposomes induced 14.41 µg/mL and 45.19 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of T. ammi essential oil nano-liposomes induced 8.08 µg/mL and 25.81 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: These data suggested that nano-liposomes of the essential oils of B. persicum and T. ammi may be a promising alternative to current treatments for Trichomonas infection.
EMS utilization predictors in a Mobile Integrated Health (MIH) program
Authors: Peralta Luis Mauricio Pinet , Glos Lukas , Sanna Evan , Frankel Brian , Lindqvist Ernest
Published: December 2020

Background. The provision of unnecessary Emergency Medical Services care remains a challenge throughout the US and contributes to Emergency Department overcrowding, delayed services and lower quality of care. New EMS models of care have shown promise in improving access to health services for patients who do not need urgent care. The goals of this study were 1) to identify factors associated with EMS utilization (911) and 2) their effects on total EMS calls and transports in an MIH program. Methods. The study sample included 110 MIH patients referred to the program or considered high-users of EMS services between November 2016-September 2018. The study employed descriptive statistics and Poisson regressions to estimate the effects of covariates on total EMS calls and transports. Results. The typical enrollee is a 60-year-old single Black male living with two other individuals. He has a PCP, takes 12 medications and is compliant with his treatment. The likelihood of calling and/or being transported by EMS was higher for males, patients at high risk for falls, patients with asthma/COPD, psychiatric or behavioral illnesses, and longer travel times to a PCP. Each prescribed medication increased the risk for EMS calls or transports by 4%. The program achieved clear reductions in 911 calls and transports and savings of more than 140,000 USD in the first month. Conclusions. This study shows that age, marital status, high fall risk scores, the number of medications, psychiatric/behavioral illness, asthma/COPD, CHF, CVA/stroke and medication compliance may be good predictors of EMS use in an MIH setting. MIH programs can help control utilization of EMS care and reduce both EMS calls and transports.
Melatonin promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation and prevents osteoporosis development through modulating circ_0003865 that sponges miR-3653-3p
Authors: Wang Xudong , Chen Taiqiu , Deng Zhihuai , Gao Wenjie , Liang Tongzhou , Qiu Xianjian , Gao Bo , Wu Zizhao , Qiu Jincheng , Zhu Yuanxin , Chen Yanbo , Liang Zhancheng , Zhou Hang , Xu Caixia , Liang Anjing , Su Peiqiang , Peng Yan , Huang Dongsheng
Published: December 2020

Background: Little is known about the implications of circRNAs in the effects of Melatonin (MEL) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation and osteoporosis progression.The aim of our study was to investigate circRNAs in MEL-regulated BMSCs differentiation and osteoporosis progression.Methods: BMSCs osteogenic differentiation was measured by qRT-PCR, western blot (WB), Alizarin Red and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Differential circRNA and mRNA profiles of BMSCs treated by MEL were characterized by deep sequencing, followed by validation using RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and qRT-PCR. Silencing and overexpression of circ_0003865 were conducted for functional investigations. The sponged microRNAs and targeted mRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics and validated by qRT-PCR, RNA pull-down, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The function of miR-3653-3p and circ_0003865/miR-3653-3p/growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) cascade were validated for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by CCK-8, qRT-PCR, WB, Alizarin Red, and ALP staining. The effects of circ_0003865 on osteoporosis (OP) development was tested in murine osteoporosis model.Results: MEL promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in circRNA and mRNA profiles associated with multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. Circ_0003865 expression in BMSCs was significantly decreased by MEL treatment. Silencing of circ_0003865 had no effect on proliferation while promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overexpression of circ_0003865 abrogated the promotion of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation induced by MEL, but proliferation of BMSCs induced by MEL had no change whether circ_0003865 was overexpression or not. Furthermore, circ_0003865 sponged miR-3653-3p to promote GAS1 expression in BMSCs. BMSCs osteogenic differentiation was enhanced by miR-3653-3p overexpression while BMSCs proliferation was not affected. By contrast, miR-3653-3p silencing mitigated the promoted BMSCs osteogenic differentiation caused by circ_0003865 silencing, but had no effect on proliferation. Finally, circ_0003865 silencing repressed OP development in mouse model.Conclusion: MEL promotes BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and inhibits osteoporosis pathogenesis by suppressing the expression of circ_0003865, which regulates GAS1 gene expression via sponging miR-3653-3p.
An empirical analysis of dealing with patients who are lost to follow-up when developing prognostic models using a cohort design
Authors: Reps Jenna M , Rijnbeek Peter , Cuthbert Alana , Ryan Patrick B , Pratt Nicole , Schuemie Martijn J
Published: December 2020

Background: Researchers developing prediction models are faced with numerous design choices that may impact model performance. One key decision is how to include patients who are lost to follow-up. In this paper we perform a large-scale empirical evaluation investigating the impact of this decision. In addition, we aim to provide guidelines for how to deal with loss to follow-up.Methods: We generate a partially synthetic dataset with complete follow-up and simulate loss to follow-up based either on random selection or on selection based on comorbidity. In addition to our synthetic data study we investigate 21 real-world data prediction problems. We compare four simple strategies for developing models when using a cohort design that encounters loss to follow-up. Three strategies employ a binary classifier with data that: i) include all patients (including those lost to follow-up), ii) exclude all patients lost to follow-up or iii) only exclude patients lost to follow-up who do not have the outcome before being lost to follow-up. The fourth strategy uses a survival model with data that include all patients. We empirically evaluate the discrimination and calibration performance.Results: The partially synthetic data study results show that excluding patients who are lost to follow-up can introduce bias when loss to follow-up is common and does not occur at random. However, when loss to follow-up was completely at random, the choice of addressing it had negligible impact on model discrimination performance. Our empirical real-world data results showed that the four design choices investigated to deal with loss to follow-up resulted in comparable performance when the time-at-risk was 1-year but demonstrated differential bias when we looked into 3-year time-at-risk. Removing patients who are lost to follow-up before experiencing the outcome but keeping patients who are lost to follow-up after the outcome can bias a model and should be avoided.Conclusion: Based on this study we therefore recommend i) developing models using data that includes patients that are lost to follow-up and ii) evaluate the discrimination and calibration of models twice: on a test set including patients lost to follow-up and a test set excluding patients lost to follow-up.
The situation of elderly with cognitive impairment living at home during lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany
Authors: Thyrian Jochen René , Kracht Friederike , Nikelski Angela , Boekholt Melanie , Schumacher-Schönert Fanny , Rädke Anika , Michalowsky Bernhard , Vollmar Horst Christian , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Rodriguez Francisca S. , Kreisel Stefan H.
Published: December 2020

Background: The outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany. Methods: This analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample of n=141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown. Results: The vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-5. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased. Conclusions: The study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term in Germany. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.
MANAJEMEN PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS SEGREGASI GENDER DI MADRASAH ALIYAH PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Chotimah Chusnul
Published: December 2020

Asumsi secara umum menyatakan bahwa manajemen jika diterapkan dengan kebijakan segregasi gender maka akan menjadi bias atau mengalami ketimpangan. Apalagi jika diterapkan di lembaga pendidikan. Hal ini dikhawatirkan  terjadi diskriminasi gender dalam dunia pendidikan yang bertentangan dengan UU No. 7 tahun 1984 terkait penghapusan segala bentuk diskriminasi terhadap perempuan (CEDAW), UU No. 25 tahun 2000 tentang Program Pembangunan Nasional (PROPENAS) peningkatan kualitas perempuan, dan juga bertentangan dengan konsep Islam itu sendiri yang tidak pernah membedakan antara laki-laki dan perempuan kecuali tingkat ketaqwaan. Namun faktanya asumsi negative tersebut tidaklah sepenuhnya terbukti. Faktanya, MA Darul Hikmah sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam berbasis pondok pesantren yang menerapkan segregasi gender tetap menjadi rujukan masysarakat. Argumentasi apa yang menjadi alasan para orang tua? Bagaimana pelaksanaan manajemen segregasi gender tersebut, dan bagaimana implikasinya?, itulah yang menjadi kajian artikel ini.

Berbekal dengan penggalian data di lapangan melalui wawancara dengan kiai, pengasuh, ustadz, peserta didik (santri), dan orang tua, didukung dokumentasi dan observasi yang telah dianalisis dengan teori Milles and Hubberman, didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut: 1) Alasan penerapan manajemen peserta didik berbasis segregasi gender adalah menjaga tradisi pewarisan pesantren, penegakkan doktrin agama, dan optimalisasi peran dan prestasi peserta didik; 2) Pelaksanaan segregasi gender bukanlah dalam kerangka diskriminasi pendidikan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, bukan menjadi penghambat pelaksanaan pembelajaran, tetapi justru dapat memunculkan kreatifitas manakala secara substansi peserta didik diberi hak, akses, peran, dan partisipasi yang sama (ballancing management). Kebijakan ballancing gender menjadi pendorong manajemen responsif gender; 3) Dengan segregasi gender justru mampu memberikan value kepada peserta didik dalam hal pembentukan karaktek dan mencegah pergaulan bebas sebagai implikasi positif. Sementara implikasi negatif mengarah pada interaksi canggung dengan lawan jenis dan menurunnya motivasi dalam belajar.
MENANAMKAN TRADISI MEMBACA PADA SISWA MENURUT PANDANGAN KH. WAHID HASYIM DALAM MENJAWAB TANTANGAN ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Qodriyatun Zaenani Nani , Muqowim Muqowim , Radjasa Radjasa
Published: December 2020

Abstract : This library research study attempts to answer two questions. First, how had  KH. Wahid Hasyim thought about character education? Second, how the character implementation likes reading according to KH. Wahid Hasyim on the current condition of reading power in Indonesia, especially madrasa students? Through inductive analysis, two findings are produced. First, there are eight character values that educated by KH. Wahid Hasyim. The eight values are religious, tolerance, self-attendance, democratic, nationalism, love for the motherland, friendly or communicative, and fond of reading. The second finding in this study, that the fondness of reading KH. Wahid Hasyim is in line with what is contained in the Law on the National Education System (National Education System) No. 20 of 2003 article 4 paragraph 5 which explains that education is carried out by developing a culture of reading, writing and arithmetic for all citizens. Also in line with the command of Allah in the teachings of Islam contained in the first revelation that is "Read in the name of your Lord who created," (Surah Al-'Alaq 96: Verse 1)
Türk ve Rus Edebiyatında Süslü Nesir
Authors: TETİK Kevser , YÜKSEL Gönül
Published: December 2020

Süslü nesir, klasik Türk edebiyatının başlıca nesir türlerinden biridir. Dönemin önde gelen edebî türü olan nazmın etkileyici gücü, nesri de etkiler. Bunun sonucunda ise nazımdaki gösterişli mecazlara, çeşitli edebî sanatlara bolca yer verilen, ağdalı bir dil ile yazılan secilerin ağırlıkta olduğu âhenkli ve ritmik bir tınısı olan süslü nesir ortaya çıkar. Klasik Türk edebiyatında süslü nesir türünün ilk örneği XV. yüzyılda Tazarru’nâme adlı eseriyle Sinan Paşa tarafından verilmiştir. Bu nesrin diğer temsilcileri arasında Fuzuli, Veysi, Nergisi gibi yazarlar bulunmaktadır. Rus edebiyatında da süslü nesrin (орнаментальная проза) temelleri ilk olarak XV. yüzyılda Epifaniy Premudrıy tarafından ağdalı bir dille kaleme alınan Stefan Permskiy’nin Yaşamı (Житие Стефана Пермского) ve Sergiy Radonejskiy’nin Yaşamı (Житие Сергия Радонежского) eserlerinde görülür. Rus edebiyatında süslü nesrin kökenleri, XV. yüzyıla dayansa da süslü nesir, neorealizm ile başlayan yeni üslup arayışlarının bir sonucu olarak 1920’li yıllarda ortaya çıkmıştır. Söz konusu çalışmada karşılaştırmalı olarak genelden özele bir anlatımla Türk ve Rus edebiyatındaki süslü nesrin ortaya çıkışına, gelişim evrelerine, üslup özelliklerine, ortak yanlarına ve farklılıklarına açıklık getirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda süslü nesre ait çeşitli eserlere ait parçalardaki söz ve anlam sanatları ve uyaklar analiz edildiğinde, her iki edebiyatın süslü nesir örneklerinde de yoğun benzerlikler görülmüş, ağırlıklı olarak kullanılan sanatsal anlatımın, temelde sanatçıların estetik kaygısına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Yabancı Dil Öğretiminde İthal ve Yerel Ders Kitaplarının Kullanımına İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: ATAŞ Doğu
Published: December 2020

Ülkemizde yabancı dil derslerinde kullanılan ders kitaplarının bir kısmı ithal, bir kısmı ise Türkiye’de yazılan yerel ders kitaplarıdır. İthal ders kitapları standartlaştırılmış uluslararası ders kitapları olup, hazırlandıkları ülkeden farklı eğitim ilkelerine, öğretim yöntemlerine ve kültürel normlarına sahip olan birçok ülkeye de ihraç edilmektedirler. Buna karşın iyi kurgulanmış yerel ders kitapları ise yazıldığı ülkenin geleneksel öğretim ve öğrenme alışkanlıklarını, kültürel normlarını ve ihtiyaçlarını dikkate alınarak hazırlanan kitaplardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil öğretmenlerinin ithal ve yerel ders kitapları hakkındaki görüşlerini inceleyerek, Türk öğrencisine yönelik tasarlanacak olan yerel yabancı dil ders kitaplarında dikkat edilmesi gereken ölçütleri tespit etmektir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında yabancı dil öğretmenleriyle gerçekleştirilen araştırmada açık uçlu soru anketi kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda araştırmaya katılan yabancı dil öğretmenlerinin Türkiye’de yabancı dil derslerinde kullanılan ithal ve yerel ders kitapları hakkındaki görüşleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin oldukça büyük bir kısmının mevcut yerel yabancı dil ders kitaplarını yetersiz buldukları ve dolayısıyla ithal ders kitaplarını kullandıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, Türk öğrencisine yönelik yerel yabancı dil ders kitaplarının geliştirilmesinde dikkat edilmesi gereken ölçütler belirlenmiştir.
Covid-19, Religion et droits fondamentaux
Authors: YARDIM Müşerref
Published: December 2020

La lutte contre le coronavirus et le confinement ont entrainé une série de discussions concernant les droits fondamentaux et les libertés. Malgré les rappels des autorités internationales qui invitent les états à respecter les droits de l’homme dans les mesures à prendre dans le cadre de la lutte contre la propagation du Covid-19, de nombreuses libertés restent bafouées. La liberté de religion qui fait partie des droits fondamentaux a également été touchée. En effet, certaines restrictions ont été mises en place pour les pratiques religieuses collectives, notamment les lieux de culte. Ces mesures ont été interprétées comme une atteinte à la liberté de religion. La lutte contre le Covid-19 a également entrainé la propagation des stéréotypes et du discours de haine à l'égard de certains membres religieux. Que ce soit dans les pays européens avec la protestation de la diffusion de l'adhan par les haut-parleurs des mosquées ou la pratique du jeûne pendant le mois de Ramadan, ou dans les pays comme l'Inde où une campagne de diabolisation est menée contre les membres de l'Islam, les attitudes islamophobes existant avant le Covid-19 continuent à persister en s'intensifiant pendant les premiers mois dans la lutte contre le virus.
Hellen ve Roma Dünyasında Patronus-Cliens İlişkisi
Authors: KARAHAN Ümran Ozan
Published: December 2020

Patronus-cliens ilişkisinin kökeni Roma’nın kurucusu olarak bilinen Romulus’a kadar dayandırılmaktadır. Roma dünyasında kimi zaman bireyler kimi zaman topluluklar güçlü nüfuza sahip kişiler tarafından korunma ihtiyacı hissetmişlerdir. Bunun yanı sıra kentler, Roma senatusuna erişim sağlayabilmek için en hızlı ve etkin bir yöntem olarak bu sisteme dâhil olmuşlardır. Kentler, senatusta kendi istek ve şikâyetlerini etkili bir şekilde dile getirsinler diye bir hamiye ihtiyaç duymuşlardır. Bazen kentlere Romalı yöneticiler, ağır yükümlülükler yüklemekteydiler. Bu nedenle bu ağır yükümlülüklere maruz kalmamak için yöneticilerin yanaşması olmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Kent konseyinin talebi doğrultusunda hami olarak senatusta etkili olabilecek bir isim seçilmekteydi. Seçilen elçilerin aracılığıyla bu talep hamiye iletilirdi. Talep karşılık görürse hami-yanaşma ilişkisi başlardı. Hami-yanaşma ilişkisinde karşılıklı yükümlülükler yer almaktaydı. Bu ilişki gayri resmi bir ilişki olduğu için hukuki bir yaptırım söz konusu değildi. Senatörler için hami-yanaşma ilişkisi itibar meselesiydi. Karşılıklı menfaat ilişkisine dayanan himaye sistemi Roma’nın geniş topraklarında yaygın olarak görülmekteydi. Antik kaynaklar, onurlandırma yazıtları ve tabulae patronatuslar bu sistem hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler vermektedir. Batı Anadolu’da yer alan çok sayıda kent kendisine çeşitli nedenlerle hami ya da hamiler seçmiştir. Kimi zaman halka karşı iyi niyet beklentilerinin karşılanması için kimi zaman da yöneticinin verebileceği zararlardan korunmak için önemli isimleri kendilerine hami olarak seçmişlerdir. Biz de bu çalışmamızda Hellen ve Roma dünyasında bulunan olgulardan biri olan patronus-cliens kavramları hakkında, epigrafik, antik ve modern kaynaklara dayanarak değerlendirmede bulunmaya çalışacağız.
Knowledge, Perception and Solid Waste Management Practices among Residents of Oshodi-Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos State Nigeria
Authors: A Oladejo John
Published: December 2020

The rapid generation of waste through households, industrial and commercial activities are a common challenge of all globalization. This study therefore examined the knowledge, perception and solid waste management practices among the residents of Oshodi-Isolo Local Government area, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 600 respondents for the study. A validated semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection from the residents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to give statistical responses to the research questions and hypotheses using SPSS version 23. The mean age of respondents ‘was 38.28±12.48years. More than half (51%) of the respondents were male. The respondents’ level of knowledge about solid waste management measured on 11point rating scale revealed that the respondents had a mean of 8.3±2.1. The respondents’ perception measured on a 15-point rating scale showed a mean of 11.7404±2.56. The respondents’ solid waste management practice measured on a 11-point rating scale revealed a mean score of 4.61±1.91. Less than half (35.2%) of the respondents practiced good solid waste management. A significant relationship between respondents’ perception (r =0.16, p=0.00) and their solid waste disposal practice. Although the residents had a high level of knowledge and positive attitude towards solid waste disposal, this does not translate to their practices as they had poor solid waste disposal practices. The study recommended that there should be education on laws regarding waste management and ensuring enforcement of the law by the government.
Self-delay for Timely Antenatal Care, Rituals and Heavy-Handed in-laws: Cultural Practices Killing Pregnant Women in Zambia- Lundazi district
Authors: Mambwe Patricia
Published: December 2020

This study examined socio-cultural practices surrounding maternal deaths in Lundazi district –Zambia. The practices stealthily affect antenatal care received by antenatal women with subsequent maternal complications and deaths. Four Focus Group Discussions involving 40 members of Small Motherhood Action Groups (SMAGs) were conducted in March 2018.This study found that pregnant women in Lundazi district- Zambia delay to initiate antenatal care until 6th or 7th month of their pregnancy. The reasons given include fear of witchcraft stealing the human embryo for magic. Pregnant women are delayed further as they seek traditional medicines from Traditional Healers for pregnancy protection. Other pregnant women cannot attend antenatal care consistently because their mothers-in-law want them to do what is considered beneficial for a woman traditionally- do house chores or join the team going to the maize field. Late antenatal initiation is a crisis. It is an emergency in waiting for which some pregnant women never recover.
Virtual water and its effect in Huaihe River basin: an analysis using a dynamic multi-region computable general equilibrium model
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Jinhua , Ni Hongzhen , Zhao Yong , Han Yuping , Diao Zicheng
Published: December 2020

A dynamic multi-region computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to analyze virtual water and its effect in the Huaihe River basin, which includes Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan provinces. The baseline scenario was first constructed to describe the trade situation and virtual water among different regions and sectors from 2009–2020. Then two hypothetical policy scenarios were set to analyze the economic, water consumption and virtual water trade impacts under different policy shocks. The results show that (1) the Huaihe River basin was a net virtual water outflow region, with 13.977 × 109 m3 virtual water transferred outside the river basin in 2009, and 26.653 × 109 m3 VW transferred to outside in 2020. Jiangsu is the largest virtual water outflow province (mainly flows to outside), followed by Anhui. Anhui suffers from severe water shortage, but provides a net virtual water outflow to Henan, Jiangsu and Shandong and outside; (2) reducing Anhui's agricultural output (S1 scenario) and Anhui's agricultural virtual water outflow (S2 scenario) can not only reduce virtual water trade but also save water, but S1 scenario reduced net virtual water outflow by more, and saved more water. S1 had a positive effect on gross domestic product (GDP), but reduced the employment rate.
Using deterioration modelling to simulate sewer rehabilitation strategy with low data availability
Authors: Caradot N. , Sampaio Ph. R. , Guilbert A. S. , Sonnenberg H. , Parez V. , Dimova V.
Published: December 2020

Most cities face the problem of an aging infrastructure in need of extensive and ongoing repair, renovation or replacement. Since the 1980s, CCTV has been the industry standard for sewer system inspection and the main source of information for structural performance evaluation. Due to low inspection rates and the lack of information about sewer condition, deterioration models have been developed to simulate the condition of non-inspected sewers and assess the influence of several rehabilitation scenarios. This paper presents an innovative modelling tool for long-term sewer rehabilitation planning based on the integration of a deterioration and a rehabilitation model. The tool is demonstrated in full scale using CCTV and sewer data of the city of Sofia, in Bulgaria. Results provide tangible proofs of investment needs for sewer rehabilitation and support the utility in the negotiation of budgets with the municipality. Since age is one key variable for deterioration modelling, a new method is proposed to estimate missing construction years in the utility database with a prediction error of less than 7 years.
Statistical Accounting as a Digital Measure of the Development of the Region's Adaptation Potential Under Sanctions
Authors: Kremlev N. D.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the tools for digital measurement of the development of the adaptive potential of the region's population under sanctions using economic and statistical analysis methods. The study uses statistical characteristics that are suitable for creating a model of interaction between internal and external adaptation systems of the region's population. It is assumed that the adaptive potential of a person is determined by the amount of stress they experience over a certain period of time. To characterize the relative values of stress, the theory of population needs is used, in particular: natural-physiological, demographic, social, economic and organizational. The region's adaptive potential includes demographic, labor, social, economic, industrial, organizational, and other types.

The materials and methods of the research are the application of official data of the Federal State Statistics Service using economic and statistical analysis methods, structural and dynamic analysis of indicators, as well as methods of theoretical research in the form of generalization, comparison, aggregation and special analytical procedures.

According to the results of the review of theoretical approaches, it is concluded that the adaptive potential can be described as a complex object of research. Based on physiological, socio-demographic, activity, economic and other approaches, the author developed and proposed a model for digital measurement of the development of the region's adaptive potential under sanctions. The concept of adaptive potential is clarified as the ability (potency) of population organisms, resources of enterprises and territories, their specific capabilities to produce benefits and change (to adapt) to any situation. A model of interaction between internal and external systems of population adaptation, a method for calculating the aggregate index of development of the region's adaptation potential, and a matrix for estimating the growth rate (weights) of its elements are developed. Analysis of the measurement of the aggregated indices confirmed the assumption about the impact of foreign sanctions on the degree of adaptation of the population of the country's regions. For example, in 2015, the index of adaptive capacity decreased to negative values in all regions of the Ural Federal District and some in the Central Federal District and in subsequent years there was a gradual adaptation of regions to sanctions. The results obtained expand the understanding of the impact of sanctions on the adaptation of the population of regions; they can be used to diagnose socio-economic processes; develop practical recommendations for improving regional policies and strategies for sustainable development in the face of sanctions and other challenges of the time. The considered approach is linked to the tasks set for the Russian system of state statistics in the framework of the program "Digital economy of the Russian Federation".