bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eurasianism in the Mirror of Research Approaches, or The Search for a Concrete Understanding of the Ideological Complex of the Movement
Authors: Ermishina Kseniya ,   Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn House of Russian Expatriates.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of Eurasian studies, methods and research approaches to this important section of the history of Russian philosophical thought. The article highlights such methods as critical, conceptual, archival, author's approaches (dialectical method, structuralist approach, interdisciplinary and comparative research, etc.). It is argued that, unlike the Western research tradition, in Russia, at the very beginning of the study of Eurasian texts and archival documents, a solid foundation was laid by such authors as S.M. Polovinkin (1935–2018), A.V. Sobolev (1936–2019), V.Y. Pashchenko (1940–2007), who put the study of Eurasianism on solid ground of facts and concrete consideration, free of ideological cliches, and, at the same time, proposed original author's concepts. In the future, the study of Eurasianism developed in several directions, in particular, the publication of archival texts, or the republication of original works with comments. This direction made it possible to clarify many hidden aspects, but directed the attention of researchers to archival studies, which hampered the conceptual analysis. The article discusses the main problems of Eurasian studies – the lack of a complete chronology or monograph about the history of the Eurasian movement, opposite concepts, the lack of a unified opinion not only about the essence of the Eurasian doctrine, but even about its origins and subsequent development, a huge layer of unpublished material, both archival and previously published. The objective difficulties of Eurasian studies depend on the fact that the doctrine, ideology, various concepts (geopolitical, cultural, geographical, etc.) were created by Eurasian authors, each of whom was a recognized expert, sometimes of the world level of his time. Modern researchers may not take this point into account, believing that they can easily talk about Eurasianism, which supposedly has no philosophical or other scientific basis, such as, for example, structuralism or the theory of cycles in economics, developed by P.N. Savitsky and A.A. Alekseev. The author of the article offers her own concept of the chronology of the Eurasian movement and speaks about the most effective method of studying Eurasianism – a concrete understanding, the origins of which are in the conciliar consciousness described by S.N. Trubetskoy, the father of the founder of Eurasian movement Nikolai Trubetskoy.
Exam questions on the course of the history of Russian philosophy (1952). From the archive of Academician I.T. Frolov
Authors: Belkina Galina ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Korsakov Sergei ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

The authors give the examples of how the involvement of new sources makes it possible to overcome stereotypical ideas about the stages and nature of the study of the history of Russian philosophy: in particular, the idea that in the 1930s – 1950s ancient and medieval Russian philosophy, Russian religious philosophy of the XIX–XX centuries and the philosophy of Russian emigration haven't been studied. The importance of recording and publishing any accidentally preserved sources on this topic is noted. The list of questions for the exam in the history of Russian philosophy, found in the personal archive of Academician Ivan Timofeevich Frolov (1929–1999) (compiled for students by the Department of the History of Russian Philosophy of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University in 1952), is published. The authors give a general description of this list of questions and their assessment of how it reflects the state of development of the history of Russian philosophy in the first half of the 1950s. Moreover, the article describes the main events of the scientific biography of Academician I.T. Frolov, related to the subject of the history of Russian philosophy: from his first scientific paper devoted to the problems of studying the history of Russian philosophy that were topical at that time, to his last interview for “Voprosy filosofii” (Problems of Philosophy), where I.T. Frolov shared his plans for the study of Russian philosophy, history and culture.
Contemporary Russian Conservatism. Problems, Paradoxes, and Perspectives. Mikhail Suslov & Dmitry Uzlaner (eds.). Leiden: Brill, 2019. – 426 pp.
Authors: Vanchugov Vasili ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the design features of the image of new conservatism in Russia, which is formed for the Western audience by the international research group that presented its collected papers “Contemporary Russian Conservatism. Problems, Paradoxes, and Perspectives” (Boston; Leiden: Brill, 2020). Taking into account the contextual moments, empirical material and methodological strategies, the author notes all those moments in the narration of the participants in the collection, which together show the main "fixation" of these external observers of the "conservative turn" in modern Russia. The authors of the considered book reduce the understanding of Russian realities to the format of the diamonological opposition of Russian intellectuals and politicians to the West, presenting it as a series of counter-projects, starting from the 18th century. As a result of such an “optics” (or “coordinate system”), Russian conservatism is presented as another collective application for being an intellectual product, partially and successfully applicable within the country, but unsuitable for external use, and therefore Russian conservatism is presented as original in form, but marginal in essence.
Safety and feasibility of using a 5 mm high-definition angled scope in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Madany Mohie El-Din Mostafa , Kabbash Mansor M , Mostafa Hussien A , Abdallah Hassan A , Elshenawy Anwar A , Ahmed Mahmoud S. , Elzayat Ibrahim , Talha Khaled A , Seddeik Yasser M , Maghraby Ahmed M , Nader Mohamad A , Muhammad Ola A , Abdelmohsen Sara M , Ismaeil Aiman , Amin Abdelrahman , Ibrahim Mohamed K , Donkol Abdel-Raheem , Khalil Mohamed A , Nazeer Medhat R , Mostafa Ahmed S , Marghany Mohammad A , Shokry Hany , Saad Mohamed Rabie
Published: July 2024

Background The trocar site hernia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an important complication after this type of operation. Thus, the scientific community is always welcoming any new approach aiming to reduce its rate.Methods The objective of this retrospective study is to assess the rate of trocar site hernia as well as other complications after a new approach 5-10-5-5 with a 5 mm High-Definition 30-degree Angled Scope. Records and videos of the operations of eligible patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Aswan University Hospital's general surgery department were included.Results 1027 patients were included in the analysis of this study. Most of the participants were females, representing 93.18% of patients. The mean age of participants was 44.48 ± 11.94 years, the mean ± SD operative time was 88.90 ± 28.30 minutes, and the median (IQR) was 83.5 (32.5) minutes. After the follow-up period of 9–49 months, the average follow-up period was 28.63 ± 11.95 months, and no patient developed a trocar site hernia.Conclusion The new approach 5-10-5-5 with 5 mm High-Definition 30-degree Angled Scope technique provides a safe, and effective technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Appropriated dietary vitamin B6 intake is beneficial for improving total spine BMD : A data study based on NHANES
Authors: Cui Bingjun , Han Shaoyu , Wu Lang , Wang Chuangong , Chen Zhixiang
Published: July 2024

Background
The incidence of osteoporosis in the elderly population is increasing year by year, especially in women over 50 years old.Recent studies have found that the dietary vitamin B6 is also associated with osteoporosis. However, there is a lack of relevant cross-sectional studies about this.
Methods
Data in this study were collected and screened from the NHANES from 2007 to 2020.The variables were extracted from interviews and compared between the dietary vitamin B6 and the total spine bone mineral density. The data was analyzed by weighted multivariate logistic regression.
Results
After excluding individuals who were not eligible and had invalid data,we finally identified 5077 participants for inclusion in this study.We found a positive association between the dietary vitamin B6 and the total spine BMD(OR = 0.6,95%CI (0.2,1.0) ,P = 0.004).
Conclusion
This study demons that the association between the dietary vitamin B6 and the total spine BMD was significant.Our findings can provide a better understanding of the relationship between them. This study may help us inproving the BMD in the population based on appropriate vitamin B6 management in the future, preventing osteoporotic fracturesand, improving the quality of life of elderly patients. Provide evidence for clinical patients to manage healthy dietary.
Characterizations of the new type symmetrically ligands and their Ag(I)-NHC complexes, and their Antimicrobial activity measurements
Authors: Turkyılmaz Prof. Dr. Murat , Donmez Murat
Published: July 2024

A new N,N'-disubstitute benzimidazolium ligand and its Ag(I)-NHC complex have been synthesized", along with its symmetric N,N'-disubstitute benzimidazolium derivative of N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands. It was possible to make alkyl bromides or both by N-alkylating 5,6-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole with fluor or non-fluor benzyl alkyl halides. In situ deprotonation of compounds with Ag2O and a catalyzed reaction with KPF6 were used to speed up the synthesis of the Ag(I)-NHC complex. The structural properties of all molecules were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, PXRD, FTIR, elemental and ICP analysis. The structure of Ag(I)-NHC complexes was identified by analyzing powder PXRD diffraction pattern. According to the analysis, a PF6− anion and two NHC ligands are coordinated with an Ag+ ion in a linear geometry in each fluorinated benzyl complex. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration value is 0.25 µg/mL. Ag + ions bound to ionic ligands increased the antimicrobial effects of these compounds.
Conventional versus guide plate-assisted total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip dysplasia: a case-control study
Authors: Zhu Haotian , Cheng kai , Peng Yuanhao , Wang Yuning , Liu kang , Ding Huanwen , Yan Han
Published: July 2024

Background:Total hip arthroplasty effectively treats developmental dysplasia of the hip. Severe acetabular deformities present challenges for accurate positioning and prosthetic placement. The advent of three-dimensional printing offers a solution.The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printed surgical guides in total hip arthroplasty for hip dysplasia.
Patients and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on total hip arthroplasty for hip dysplasia patients treated between 2020 and 2023. Prosthetic implantation outcomes and prognostic indicators were assessed in 26 patients (13 guided procedures, 13 conventional procedures) utilizing customized surgical guides or conventional total hip arthroplasty.
Results:No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding gender, age, affected hip side, Crowe grading, and central rim angle(P>0.05). However, significant disparities were noted in operative time, blood loss, acetabular prosthesis angle and horizontal and vertical distance from the centre of rotation(P<0.05).
Conclusions:3D-printed guides significantly reduce operative time, diminish blood loss, restore the hip joint's center of rotation, and enhance the prognosis of total hip arthroplasty in adults with hip dysplasia.
CoVacU18-Study: Long-Term Safety of BNT162b2 in Children under 18 Years in Germany
Authors: Grieshaber Vivien , Strumann Christoph , Holzwarth Sarah , Toepfner Nicole , von Meissner Wolfgang C. G. , Konstantopoulos Nikos , von Poblotzki Martina , Hensel Kai O. , Moor Matthias B. , Chao Cho-Ming
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Retrospective evaluation of long-term safety of BNT162b2 in children < 18 years in Germany compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Methods
This investigator initiated longitudinal cohort study retrospectively assessed the long-term safety of BNT162b2 using an online questionnaire addressed to parents of vaccinated children. Between May 25th and July 11th we contacted 15423 E-Mail-addresses registered in databases of vaccination centre. Inclusion criteria were at least one BNT162b2 vaccination after October 1st, 2021 < 18 years of age and using a valid authentication code. An active comparator analysis was performed to compare BNT162b2 to non-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Results
3228 children (median age, 5.7 [IQR, 3.4–9.5]; male, 49.6%) who received ≥ 1 dose of BNT162b2 < 18 years were followed up for a median of 524 days (IQR, 500–553 days). Across all age groups, the active-comparator analysis revealed significantly increased rates of post-vaccination symptoms in 10 of 11 categories occurring after BNT162b2 compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In 41 cases symptom duration ≥ 90 days are reported and most frequently affected the neurological, psychological and dermatological system. Relative probability of reporting a serious adverse event was significantly increased if participants were female (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 2.10–9.88) or took long-term medication (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.39–9.69). No causality can be verified based on the available data.
Conclusion
BNT162b2 is well tolerated by 98% of children, but specific symptoms occur significantly more frequently than in non-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In rare cases (1.4%) symptoms persisted ≥ 90 days. Question of causality should further be scrutinized in future prospective studies.
Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (Register-ID: DRKS00031994).
Rethinking how to deal with demand and supply in CAP: a European training perspective
Authors: Deschamps Peter KH , Dubicka Bernadka , Hansen Anna Sofie , Kapornai Krisztina , Piot Marie-Aude , Schroder Carmen M , Schumann Thorsten
Published: July 2024

Background Mental health care is suffering from a substantial gap between current service provision capacity and demand. For the generation of young doctors in psychiatry training programs today, this means they face substantial and potentially overwhelming challenges in their clinical practice. This situation calls for creative solutions in psychiatry training to prepare them best for these challenges. Methods Perspectives of European trainers in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) were collected and analysed following an iterative procedure in three rounds using thematic analysis of focus groups. Results The three iterative rounds resulted in five proposed strategies for meeting the challenges of current and future demand in CAP specifically addressing implications for CAP training. Examples were provided illustrating how these strategies could be put into daily training practices. Four strategies aimed mainly at increasing capacity: efficiency (making best use of the existing CAP workforce); consultation (task-sharing); innovation (practicing differently); and wellbeing of the CAP workforce. An additional strategy focusing on prevention and early intervention was identified to decrease demand upstream. Conclusion Rethinking CAP training practices through a European perspective on the balance between capacity and demand yielded strategies for aspects of training that are not yet universally applied. Implementation is partly dependent on the larger service provision system of care while training has leverage for future capacity and quality of care.
Effects of environmental filtering on taxonomic and functional diversity patterns : When spiders and plants provide complementary information to water level management in the Seine estuary
Authors: Ridel Aurélien , Neupert Markus , Cadro Althéa , Pedraza Julio , Aubert Michael , Langlois Estelle , Pétillon Julien
Published: July 2024

In the Seine estuary in northern France, many artificial structures limit the effect of the tide on associated alluvial zones. Consequently, this affects natural environmental filtering mechanisms linked to tidal regimes and water salinity, which directly influences the structure of organism assemblies in adjacent ecosystems. Here, we propose to study the influence of these filters' modifications on spiders and plants, two compartments recognized as complementary in terms of bioindication. However, this complementarity has only been studied to a limited extent and rarely in estuarine environments. To highlight this complementarity, we studied the taxonomic and functional patterns obtained across different topographical levels of two sites with contrasting water level managements. Moreover, particular attention was paid to the influence of the weight attributed to rare species (Q order) to shed light on processes affecting species dominance dynamics between taxa. Overall, spider communities appeared less influenced by environmental filtering than plants on both study sites, with taxonomic and functional diversity both demonstrating a low sensitivity to salinity. Spider community assemblies also demonstrated compositional shifts across study sites, mainly driven by changes in abundance and dominance. In contrast, plant communities appeared more sensitive to environmental constraints and water level management, with responses in terms of composition and species turnover rather than unbalanced abundance, suggesting responses at distinct spatial scales between plant and spider communities.
CircRNA for milk production in Kazakh horses
Authors: Shi Xiangyun , Chen Bin , Liu Wujun , Liu Lingling
Published: July 2024

Kazakh horses are a basic breed of Xinjiang horses with strong lactation ability. CircRNAs can be broadly involved in bioregulatory activities through a variety of mechanisms. However, there is relatively little literature on the expression of circRNAs in the milk fat of Ka-zakh horses. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the potential impact of circRNAs on Kazakh horses’ milk production during their mid-lactation period. To be more specific, the horses were di-vided into the higher-producing (H group) group and the lower-producing group (L group) based on their milk yield, in the middle of lactation. After 300 ml of milk was collected from each horse, RNAs from these milk samples were extracted and purified, and then analyzed with the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The processed data was compared with the equine genome to select dif-ferentially expressed circRNAs, which are subject to subsequent functional studies. In the two groups, 257 upregulation and 79 downregulation differences in circRNAs were found, and 212 target genes were predicted. The genes (circRNA.12757/CSN1S1, circRNA.9870/ACSL1, circR-NA.9457/LGB1, circRNA.567/VPS13C) enriched by GO and KEGG were located in PPAR signaling pathways, circadian rhythm, insulin signaling pathways, and lactation signaling path-ways.
Cyanide-free copper electroplating using glycerol: modeling and simulation
Authors: Lima Lucas Franklin , Azevedo Ila Gabriele Diniz Dias , Magalhães Karen Giovanna Duarte , Pereira André Anderson Costa , Souza Carlson Pereira , Melo Raffael Andrade Costa
Published: July 2024

The electroplating of copper on Cu-Zn alloy substrates (brass) is normally carried out using alkaline cyanide baths. However, cyanide copper baths are toxic, requiring care with regard to the environment and the health of the worker. This work studies the modeling and optimization of the electrodeposition of copper on a brass substrate using an electrolytic bath containing cyanide-free glycerol. A central composite experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effects of the factors glycerol concentration, time and amperage on the process, with the cathodic current efficiency as the response. The tests were carried out in a Hull cell, a miniature unit of an industrial electrodeposition system. The results showed that the estimated model is predictive (R² equal to 0.9279), with the effects of the linear and quadratic terms of amperage, linear of glycerol concentration and the effects of interactions between glycerol concentration and time being significant. The best test resulted in a cathode current efficiency of 57% and an energy consumption of 234.40 kWh/kg, which represented the highest copper deposition and the lowest energy consumption. The deposits generated had a reddish orange color, characteristic of metallic copper, uniformity of the layer, levelness and brightness.
Third-party disability in family caregivers of disabled elderly after stroke based on ICF framework: a qualitative study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Yongqing , Gao Yili , Qin Jiawen , Liao Yang , Rong Xiaoshan , Yu Haiping
Published: July 2024

Background In China, family care remains the main form of care for the disabled elderly. As the degree of disability of the disabled elderly increases, the challenges faced by family caregivers also increase. Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), it is essential to explore the third-party disability status of family caregivers of the disabled elderly after stroke and to understand the blocking factors, which will help to improve the quality of life of the family caregivers.
Methods This study was a qualitative descriptive study based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews. To explore the caring experience of 27 family caregivers of disabled elderly in Shanghai by purposive sampling. The Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the data and form themes. Finally, identify the elements of third-party disability for family caregivers.
Results Third-party disability among family caregivers of disabled elderly after stroke can be summarized into eight themes: physical health impairment, mental health impairment, increase in care tasks, estrangement of close relationships, termination of entertainment and social interaction, increasing economic pressure, lack of support system, care difficulties and needs.
Conclusions: Third-party disabilities are more severe among family caregivers of the disabled elderly. All sectors of society should attach great importance to the needs of family caregivers of the disabled elderly and address practical difficulties to achieve healthy aging.
Design and Analysis of Small Scale Essential Oil Steam Distillery for Better Energy Utilization
Authors: Kassie Tazebew Dires
Published: July 2024

The essential oil industry, an agro-based sector, involves cultivation and distillation activities and can manufacture products using various methods. Steam distillation accounts for 93% of essential oil extraction, while the remaining 7% is extracted using other methods that employ thermal energy. In Ethiopia, the abundance of aromatic plant leaves has made essential oils a primary raw material for industries.
Steam distillation, a well-established technology, utilizes thermal energy in the extraction process. In this method, steam is produced in a satellite station (boiler) and fed to a still where the biomass is boiled to extract the oil. The extracted oil is then cooled in a condenser. The density difference method is used to separate the liquid mixture (water and oil) in a separator. The current steam distillation equipment experiences significant energy loss in the steam generator and waste water after oil separation.
This study aimed to design and manufacture a prototype of steam distillation equipment. The developed essential oil extraction plant was tested using eucalyptus leaves. The results showed that steam distillation yielded 0.188 kg or 15.5 mL of essential oil per batch from 10 kg of eucalyptus leaves with a total water volume of 20 liters. Additionally, the results indicated that the volume of essential oil increases with temperature while maintaining a constant heating time. Reducing pressure allowed for the extraction of essential oils at relatively lower temperatures and shorter heating times. Energy losses were minimized by recycling hot waste water back to the boiler and using improved biomass stoves.
A full body musculoskeletal simulation model for dynamic analysis of strength training using MATLAB tools
Authors: SERBEST KASIM
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on developing a simulation model using MATLAB Multibody tools to analyze the biomechanical effects of different strength training exercises on the musculoskeletal system. Unlike previous models that typically analyze single exercises or specific body regions, this model includes 45 segments and 44 joints when considering the fingers, with a total of 51 degrees of freedom. Basic exercises like dumbbell curl, dumbbell fly, pull up, push up, dumbbell bench press, and dumbbell back squat were simulated using this model. By analyzing motion data, the study calculated joint moments in shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle joints, along with muscle forces in the biceps brachii. Comparisons with existing literature confirmed the utility of the model. Its flexible structure allows for dynamic analysis of various exercise movements and daily activities such as sit-to-stand, climbing steps, and walking. The model also holds potential for assessing rehabilitation processes by examining how recommended programs affect joint biomechanics, and for distinguishing biomechanical differences between patients and healthy individuals. Overall, it provides a robust framework for studying the impact of exercises on joint biomechanics and has wide-ranging applications in both research and practical settings.
Relocation of a Pregnant Uterine Horn Segment into the Contralateral Horn: An Exploratory Study in a Rat Model with Implications for Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Buskmiller Cara , Camilleri Christina , Sammut Stephen
Published: July 2024

Background
Ectopic pregnancy affects ~ 2% of pregnancies annually in the United States, with no current treatments allowing for the continuation of the pregnancy. Thus, this study sought to initiate an investigation into the potential design of a surgical technique, in an animal model, that could serve as a foundation for future research into the potential of relocating an ectopic embryo into the uterus at the human level.
Methods
Female Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Embryo Relocation (ER; n = 12; underwent embryo relocation surgery) and Normal Pregnancy (NP; n = 12; carried a normal pregnancy; no surgery). Eight rats/group were allowed to carry their pregnancy to term and deliver, while four had their uteri collected at the end of gestation. Briefly, for the ER group, a uterine horn containing 1–2 embryos was translocated to the contralateral horn, which had been incised and cleared of its contents, prior to being wrapped around the relocated horn. Rat weight, food consumption and vaginal impedance of the mothers were measured throughout the experiment. Ultrasounds were performed and fetal heart rates measured on day 20–21 of gestation. Additionally, rat weight of all offspring was measured at adulthood.
Results
Our findings indicate that, in the ER group, 15/15 (100%) of the relocated embryos had detectable heart rates at the end of gestation (within the normal range), 14/15 (93%) were delivered vaginally, and 12/14 (86%) survived until adulthood. A significant decrease in rat weight and food consumption was observed only on the day following surgery. Fertility was minimally impacted by surgery as indicated by vaginal impedance. Moreover, there was no significant difference between groups in average body weight of offspring at adulthood. Histological analysis indicated a thicker placenta in the ER group, attributable to the fetal part of the placenta, potentially indicating compensatory mechanisms.
Conclusion
Our findings reflect a successful transuterine embryo relocation followed by vaginal birth and survival of offspring to adulthood, in a rat model. Such findings lay the foundation for future preclinical research in higher animals, with potential implications on a procedure relevant to human ectopic embryo relocation.
Inoculating solid-state homogeneous precipitation by impurity atoms through a spinodal decomposition like pathway
Authors: Li Yanjun , Pan Shiwei , Li Chunan , Søreide Hanne-Sofie , Zhao Dongdong , Hatzoglou Constantinos , Qian Feng , Chen Long-Qing
Published: July 2024

Solid-state homogeneous precipitation of nano-sized precipitates is one of the most effective processes to strengthen metal alloys, where the final density and size distribution of precipitates are largely controlled by the precipitation kinetics. Here, we report a strategy to inoculate the homogeneous precipitation of coherent precipitates to enhance the precipitation strengthening. Using the technologically important dilute Al-Zr alloys as an example, we demonstrate that an addition of a trace level of economical and readily available, non-L12 phase forming impurity atoms, X (X= Sn, Sb, Bi or Cd) and Si, can significantly enhance the diffusivity of Zr atoms and overturn the precipitation of L12-structured Al3Zr nanoparticles from the classical homogeneous nucleation and growth pathway into a nonclassical nucleation pathway: Al3Zr forms through the spontaneous formation of nano-scale local concentration fluctuations of Zr atoms on Zr-X(-Si)-vacancy clusters followed by a continuous increase of the concentration and chemical short-range ordering (CSRO). Such an impurity atoms induced heterogeneous nucleation based on a “spinodal decomposition like” mechanism dramatically accelerates the precipitation kinetics, leading to an order of magnitude higher number density of precipitates and a record high hardening efficiency of solute Zr atoms. By formulating the generalized selection principles for inoculating impurity elements, this inoculation strategy should be extendable to a broader range of materials to further explore the precipitation strengthening potentials.
Specialty Choices Among the New Generation of Doctors: Preferences and Priorities
Authors: Kupis Robert , Michalik Beniamin , Polak Maciej , Kulbat Mateusz , Domagała Alicja
Published: July 2024

Background
The choice of medical specialty for future doctors is a multidimensional issue, associated with many factors. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the specialty choices of doctors entering the Polish healthcare system.
Methods
A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted from May until August 2023. The data was gathered via an online nationwide survey among recent medical school graduates. We explored respondents’ preferences regarding medical specialties (in two categories: surgical and non-surgical), and the factors that drive their choices. The U-Mann Whitney test was used to compare the distribution of 19 analysed factors (between analysed categorical variables), and the chi-squared test was used if a trend was not observed.
Results
A total of 737 responses were collected, and 698 were included in the study. The respondents (60.5% female) preferred non-surgical specialties over surgical ones. The main factors influencing doctors’ choices were remuneration, the ability to maintain work-life balance, interest in the medical field, the ability to start a private practice, skills possessed, and doctor-patient interactions. Surgically-inclined doctors emphasised the future financial benefits and prestige, as well as their interests and potential mentors. On the contrary, doctors who chose non-surgical specialities prioritised work-life balance, mental burden, and legal liability.
Conclusions
The study sheds light on the specialty preferences of “Gen Z” doctors. It provides information on factors considered while planning one’s career by young physicians. The youngest generation values a healthy work-life balance, and their non-professional life remains crucial. This evidence is important for the education and development of the health workforce.
Warmer Winter Under Climate Change Would Reshape the Winter Subsurface Drainage Pattern in Eastern Canada: A Bio-Physical Modeling and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: li ziwei , qi Zhiming , Xu Junzeng , Liu Yuchen , Smith Ward N. , Vanderzaag Andrew , Fuller Keith , Zhang Tiequan , Li Birk , Cheng Haomiao
Published: July 2024

Subsurface drainage is a key loss pathway for water and nutrients from agricultural land in Eastern Canada. Winter is presently a dominant period of subsurface drainage and nutrient loss in cold climates. Under climate change, however, future winter drainage patterns may change significantly due to reductions of snow cover and soil freezing. This study evaluated the performance of the RZ-SHAW model and four machine-learning (ML) models in simulating winter subsurface drainage for five sites in Eastern Canada. The calibrated/trained RZ-SHAW and ML models were then applied to predicted future climate (high emission scenario: RCP8.5) spanning from 1950 to 2100 to comprehend the potential alteration in winter drainage patterns under global warming. Among ML models, the Cubist and SVM-RBF models emerged as the most accurate, offering competing short-term simulation capabilities compared to the RZ-SHAW modelwith lower computational demand. Simulation by both the RZ-SHAW and ML models predict a significant increase in winter drainage volume and frequency by the end of the 21st century (1950-2005 vs. 2070-2100) (RZ-SHAW: 243 mm to 328 mm (+35%); 75.5 days to 102.9 days (+45%), ML models: 250 mm to 425 mm (+70%); 121.9 days to 129.2 days (+8%)). RZ-SHAW simulated a shift towards a more evenly spread drainage pattern throughout the winter months from baseline to the end of the century. This shift was driven by the simulated shorter snow coverage periods, advancement of snowmelt timing, and fewer days of freezing soil. Thus, the timing of peak and trough winter drainage is expected to reverse, with February becoming the peak month and April the lowest by century's end.
Combination therapy of dydrogesterone and progesterone together with folic acid in the treatment of recurrent abortion on the outcome of Re-pregnancy
Authors: wang Xia , Yuan Wen , Yang Juan , Star Sparkle
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of combining dydrogesterone and progesterone with folic acid in the treatment of recurrent abortion on re-pregnancy outcomes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 94 women with recurrent abortion admitted between June 2020 and July 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (treated with progesterone and folic acid) and a research group (treated with dydrogesterone, progesterone, and folic acid). Clinical effectiveness, adverse effects, serum cytokine levels, T lymphocyte subsets, endometrial parameters, and uterine artery perfusion indices were evaluated, along with pregnancy outcomes. The research group exhibited a significantly higher overall effective rate (89.36%) compared to the control group (70.21%). Both groups showed a reduction in interferon (IFN) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and an increase in IL-10 levels post-treatment (P < 0.05). The research group showed higher Treg/CD4 + levels, better endometrial thickness, and fewer adverse reactions (8.51% vs. 23.40%) compared to the control group. The success rate of fetal preservation was higher in the research group (82.98%) compared to the control group (59.57%). The combination of dydrogesterone and progesterone with folic acid effectively improves the success rate of fetal preservation, modulates T lymphocyte levels, reduces inflammatory factors, and enhances endometrial receptivity, positively influencing pregnancy outcomes in cases of recurrent abortion.
New Benchmarks in Ground-Effect Flight Energy Efficiency
Authors: Suppes Adam , Suppes Galen
Published: July 2024

Digital prototypes of a new ground-effect aircraft platform were evaluated to compare respective energy efficiencies to established alternatives. The platform uses a lower cavity similar to a hovercraft, but with design features to better utilize air’s dynamic pressure to sustain flight. Strategic technologies include lower-cavity fences to block lateral losses of lift pressures and a leading section stagnation point that splits air flow both to generate pressure in the cavity and to create induced thrust on the vehicle’s forward section.
Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of digital prototypes achieved lift-drag ratios (L/D) in excess of 60 for vehicles with aspect ratios less than 1.0. This paper details the technology and methods; thereby, establishing benchmark performances that provide a foundation for potentially advancing ground-effect flight technology.
Funktionelle Analysen zur Interaktion des ORF10 Proteins von Borrelia recurrentis mit dem humanen Komplementsystem
Authors:   , Gerlach Eva
Published: July 2024

Im Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit stand die Fragestellung, inwieweit ORF10 von B. recurrentis, dem Erreger des Läuserückfallfiebers, mit verschiedenen Komplementkomponenten interagieren kann. Mit funktionellen Komplementtests konnte gezeigt werden, dass ORF10 den klassischen, den alternativen sowie den Lektin-Weg inhibiert, wobei sich die stärkste Inhibition gegenüber dem alternativen Weg manifestierte. Darüber hinaus ließ sich in einem Zell-basierten Hämolyse-Assay eine Inhibition des terminalen Komplementweges durch ORF10 nachweisen. Die durchgeführten Bindungsanalysen mit verschiedenen Komplementkomponenten führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass ORF10 mit C1q, C1s, C3, C3b, C4b und C5 interagiert und diese Protein-Protein-Interaktion mit den Komplementkomponenten C1q, C3, C3b und C4b durch einen dosisabhängigen Verlauf charakterisiert ist. Eine Bindung von C1r, C2, C4, FB, FH sowie FI konnte jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden. Auf Basis der modellierten Struktur von ORF10 wurden mithilfe der In-vitro-Mutagenese drei verschiedene Varianten generiert, die jedoch nicht affinitätschromatographisch aus E. coli-Zelllysaten isoliert werden konnten und deshalb nicht für weiterführende funktionelle Analysen zur Verfügung standen. Die Ergebnisse der Serumbakterizidie-Tests mit einem „gain of function“-Borrelienstamm, welcher ORF10 heterolog produzieren sollte, ergaben, dass keine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber Humanserum nachgewiesen werden konnte. Inwieweit ORF10 bei der intrinsischen Serumresistenz von B. recurrentis beteiligt ist, lässt sich abschließend nicht vollumfänglich erklären.
Synthesis and properties of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
Authors: Aizina Yu. A. , Tkachuk D. O. , Shaglaeva N. S.
Published: July 2024

The present work continues a systematic study to find efficient and accessible methods for the synthesis ofN-sulfonylimines of polyhaloaldehydes and to analyze their properties. In the reaction of N,N-dichlorobenzene sulfon-amide with tribromoethylene, N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)amide of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid was obtained for the first time with a quantitative yield at boiling water bath temperature in carbon tetrachloride medium. The infrared spectra of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide reveal the absorption bands of sulfonic (1360 and 1165 cm-1) and NH (3275 cm-1) groups, while the 1H NMR spectra show a signal for azomethine protons within the region of 8.3–8.6 ppm. The 13C NMR spectra exhibit a signal for the CBr3 group within the region of ~31–43 ppm, while the signal characteristic of the CBr2Сl group within the region of ~53–56 ppm is absent. This means that no imine of dibromochloroacetic aldehyde is formed during the reaction. Thus, an efficient method for the synthesis of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was developed, and the chemoselectivity of this reaction was found to depend on the process temperature. It was shown that N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide has amidoalkylating properties. A reaction of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide with benzene, toluene, anisole, and 2-chlorothiophene in the presence of an acid catalyst yielded p-substituted aromatic derivatives and 2,5-substituted thiophene derivatives. Infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C) revealed that the substitution reaction proceeds regioselectively. All the obtained products were isolated in pure form as powders soluble in polar organic solvents and insoluble in water. The yields of 4-chloro-N-(1-phenyl-2,2,2-tribromoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzene-sulfonamide, and 4-chloro-N-[2,2,2-tribromoethyl-1-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)ethyl]-benzenesulfonamide amounted to 74, 72, 64, and 74 %, respectively.
Perfil epidemiológico de mortalidade materna nas macrorregiões de saúde do Mato Grosso do Sul, 2011-2019
Authors: Mendes Gabrielle Lorraine Rondon de Souza , Cunha Mayara Soares , Reis Caroliny Oviedo Fernandes , Matricardi Jhoniffer Lucas das Neves , De Freitas Sandra Luzinete Felix
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Descrever a mortalidade materna nas macrorregiões de saúde de Mato Grosso do Sul no período de 2011 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal de casos notificados de mortalidade materna no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e suas macrorregiões de saúde, no período de 2011 a 2019. Foram extraídos por meio do acesso a fonte de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Os dados de faixa etária, escolaridade, cor, estado civil, local de ocorrência, causa e período gravídico-puerperal foram armazenados no software Microsoft Excel. A Razão de Mortalidade Materna foi calculada para cada macrorregião. Resultados: Foram identificados 237 óbitos maternos, com 46,0% na macrorregião de Campo Grande, 32,5% em Dourados, 11,4% em Três lagoas e 10,1% em Corumbá. Foram registrados 391.171 nascidos vivos no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e o coeficiente de mortalidade materna nesse período foi de 60,6/100.000 nascidos vivos. Conclusão: Os números de mortalidade materna se mantem elevados e, o coeficiente de mortalidade materna classificado como muito alto. Apesar dos avanços para a melhoria na assistência obstétrica e a existência de políticas públicas em saúde, o número de mortes que poderiam ser evitadas com o uso de tecnologias simples no nível primário de atenção à saúde para identificação de complicações continua alarmante.
Decoder-ROI based Versatile Video Coding for Multi-Object Tracking Vision Task
Authors: Bui Huong Thanh , Minh Do Ngoc , Hoang Xiem Van
Published: July 2024

The video encoding standards High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and, more recently, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) have introduced significant advancements in multimedia communication applications, such as video conferencing, broadcasting, and notably, E-learning. However, recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have given rise to an urgent need for a specialized video encoding model designed specifically for image and video analysis applications using machine vision. In this paper, we propose a novel video encoding approach that effectively combines the ROI Coding algorithm and the VVC encoding model. The proposed method identifies regions of interest within video frames through fundamental and deep features. Based on this, we propose an adaptive compression method for each frame block, ensuring both the execution performance of machine learning applications and minimal data encoding requirements. To achieve new coding scheme without adding bitrate, New feature extraction approach are utilizing only decoded information (Decoder-ROI). The results demonstrate that the Decoder-ROI achieved significant compression rate improvement when compared to standard and relevant VCM schemes. Furthermore, ROI exploitation contributes to a 3.25\% reduction in encoding time compared to the baseline VVC encoding standard.
Enhancing Feature Selection in MCI Diagnosis using FDG-PET Images: Leveraging Multiple Simple Autoencoder Architectures
Authors: Tuan Pham Minh , Adel Mouloud , Linh Trung Nguyen , Guedj Eric
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative brain disease in elderly people. Early diagnosis of AD is crucial for providing suitable care. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images and machine learning can be used to support this purpose. In this paper, we present a method for ranking the effectiveness of brain regions of interest (ROIs) to distinguish between stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) from progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) in brain PET images based on AutoEncoder (AE). Experiments on the ADNI dataset show that our proposed method significantly improves classifier performance when compared to other popular feature ranking methods such as Fisher score, t-score, and LASSO. Our results suggest that instead of focusing on designing a complex AE structure, we can also use simple-but-multiple AEs for feature ranking. The proposed method could be easily applied to any image dataset where a feature selection is needed.
Compressive Performance of the PVC Foam Materials used as Sandwich Panel Core
Authors: Çetin Ahmet , Geren Necdet
Published: July 2024

PVC foam materials are preferred in many engineering applications because of their lightweight nature and strength/weight ratio. They are mainly used as the core material in the middle of sandwich panels with improved flexural rigidity. The mechanical performances of sandwich panels, such as flexural load-deflection, core shear load, core shear failure load, and indentation failure load, directly depend on the mechanical properties of the core material. In this study, compression tests of AIREX C70 PVC foams with three different densities were performed. The elastic modulus and strength results obtained from the compression tests were compared with the mechanical properties provided in the dataset supplied by the material manufacturer. The core yield loads of a concept sandwich panel were then obtained using the compression mechanical properties of the core, which were obtained from datasets and experimental results. When the core yield loads obtained using both data were compared, it was revealed that the load obtained using the dataset data was 23% inaccurate. Thus, the study explained why compression tests are necessary even though the mechanical properties of PVC foam materials are known in the datasheet.
AI-Based Model Design for Prediction of COPD Grade from Chest X-Ray Images: A Model Proposal (COPD-GradeNet)
Authors: Abut Serdar
Published: July 2024

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranks high among the leading causes of death, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. Early diagnosis of COPD is challenging, with limited diagnostic methods currently available. In this study, a artificial intelligence model named COPD-GradeNet is proposed to predict COPD grades from radiographic images. However, the model has not yet been tested on a dataset. Obtaining a dataset including spirometric test results and chest X-ray images for COPD is a challenging process. Once the proposed model is tested on an appropriate dataset, its ability to predict COPD grades can be evaluated and implemented. This study may guide future research and clinical applications, emphasizing the potential of artificial intelligence-based approaches in the diagnosis of COPD.