bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation Power Control of the Industrial CO2 Laser Excited by а Nonself-Sustained Glow Discharge by Changing the Frequency of Ionization Pulses
Authors: Shemyakin A. N. , Rachkov M. Yu. , Solov’ev N. G. , Yakimov M. Yu.
Published: April 2020

The article describes radiation power control of industrial CO2 lasers of Lantan series excited by а nonself-sustained glow discharge in the automatic mode. These lasers are closed-cycle fast gas-transport lasers excited by a nonself-sustained glow discharge with ionization by periodic-pulsed capacitively coupled auxiliary discharge. In this case, ionization and conductivity are provided by periodic-pulsed capacitively coupled discharge. The energy contribution to molecular oscillations is provided by the passage of the main discharge current through the plasma with electron density given by ionization. This permits easy laser power control, provides excellent optical homogeneity and stability of an active volume together with high laser efficiency. A system of a nonself-sustained glow discharge with ionization by periodic-pulsed capacitively coupled auxiliary discharge, the stages of creation and brief characteristics of the Lantan series lasers is presented. The method of controlling the power of laser radiation by changing the frequency of the ionization pulses is determined. This control method allows operating of the laser in continuous and in pulse-periodic modes with adjustable pulse ratio and pulse duration, and also provides switching from one mode to another. In the continuous mode, the radiation power is controlled by changing the frequency of ionization pulses, which are high voltage pulses with duration of 100 ns, given with the frequency of 1-5 kHz. Pulse-periodic radiation control is performed by modulating ionization pulses that consists of pulses being delivered in batches. The frequency of the pulses in a batch determines the radiation power in a pulse. The frequency of the batches following is the frequency of the pulse mode, and the length of the batch determines the pulses duration. Based on the experimental data, the dependence of the radiation power on the ionization pulses frequency was determined. An experimental system is presented and the measuring accuracy of the laser radiation power and the frequency of ionization pulses is determined. Data acquiring and processing of experimental results were performed using the NI 6008 USB data acquisition device in the LabVIEW programs of National Instruments. To study the dependence of the laser power on Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление, Том 21, № 4, 2020 231 the frequency of the ionization pulses, a regression analysis method was applied. Studies have shown that the dependence of the laser power on the ionization pulses frequency is linear in a wide range of parameters. The equation of the direct regression is calculated. The confidence estimates of the coefficients of the direct regression and the confidence estimates of the deviation of the theoretical direct regression from the empirical one are calculated with a confidence level of 95%.
Study of the Work of the Length Correction System for a Crawling Robot Changing its Configuration
Authors: Vorochaeva L. Yu. , Savin S. I. , Yatsun A. S.
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the movement of a three-link crawling robot on a horizontal rough surface, while changing its configuration. The robot contacts the surface in four points where active bearings are in place. The active bearings are designed in such a way that their dry friction coefficient is a controlled quantity, which allows periodically fixing these bearings to the surface. The robot consists of modules, each of which is a translational pair, and the modules are interconnected by two-axis hinges. It is proposed to consider these modules as links of variable length. In the paper, the basic kinematic relationships for this robot were found, a vector of generalized coordinates was specified, and the constraints imposed during the movement were described. The studied here motion corresponds to a scenario where two outer bearings are fixed on the surface, while links execute planar movements from a given initial to the desired final position. The implementation of such a movement requires a change in the lengths of the links (in the simplest case, a change in the length of one link is enough, in the most difficult case, all three are required to change length), for the implementation of which a correction system is proposed. The method considered in the work consists in varying the length of one link, which is the robot body, the movements of the other two links are determined by the operation of the corresponding drives. As a result of numerical simulation, the range of allowable values for the elongation / shortening of the robot body is determined by varying the relative angle between the body and one of the side links in a given range. In addition, four intervals of changes in the relative angles were revealed, at each of which the nature of the variation in the length of the central link differs in the number of maxima and minima achieved. Also, the dependences of the change in the angle of rotation of the side link, at which the length of the body reaches its maximum and minimum lengths, from the previously specified relative angle and time of movement, are constructed. The temporal laws of changes in the rotation angles of the links are given and analyzed.
Synthesis of High-Precision Missile Homing System Using Proportional Guidance Method
Authors: Thong Do Quang
Published: April 2020

Modern air targets are characterized by low visibility, high maneuverability and high survivability. In addition, for some specific targets, for instance ballistic missiles, in order to defeat them the missile need tobe guided and carried out direct hit, i.e. "hit to kill". Therefore, in this paper, we present a high-precision missile homing system (MHS) using the proportional guidance method for firing at the highly maneuverable targets. Specifically, we propose a parametric optimization method for choosing a set of optimal parameters of the missile homing system for each dynamic parameter set of the missile. In addition, the paper gives the recommendations of choosing the initial conditions for the synthesis of missile homing system. In our experience, we should choose the small initial condition for synthesizing the missile homing system. Finally, the article also investigates the influence of systematic error in determining the speed, normal acceleration of missiles and the angular velocity of the line of sight of the missile and target on the accuracy of the missile homing system. We implement the proposed missile homing system and the parametric optimization method in Matlab. The experimental results illustrate that, using proposed system and the parametric optimization method, the missile can defeat the modern air targets with low visibility, high maneuverability and high survivability.
ASSESSMENT OF THE HEAVY METAL DISTRIBUTION IN SOILS WITHIN THE AREASFOR THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Authors: Azimov O. , Kuraeva I. , Bakhmutov V. , Voytyuk Yu. , Karmazynenko S.
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to identify the ecological negative impact of municipal solid waste Landfill № 5 located near the city of Kyiv on the environment. The complex geoecological studies are carried out within the area. They included the field works with the sampling of different elements of landscape (soil, surface water, vegetation) and the further laboratory and geochemical analyses.

The acute pollution with copper-zinc of soils has been detected. Moreover, in vicinity of the north-eastern contour of Landfill area the anomalies for Cu content (10000 mg/kg that is in 300 times higher than the maximum allowable concentrations – MAC), Zn content (5000 mg/kg that is in 90 times higher than the MAC), Pb content (1000 mg/kg that is in 30 times higher than the MAC) are revealed in the samples taken from the surface soil layer of 0–5 cm. These soil samples are characterized by maximal specific magnetic susceptibility (572.1 SІ´10-8 m3/kg). The heavy-metal contamination of soil has shown that their mobility increased tenfold in comparison with the background sites.

The elements of significant accumulation in the grass vegetation are Cu and Cr at the biological absorption coefficients of 1.25 and 1.0, respectively.

The contents of analyzed chemical elements and compounds in the surface water samples taken from the background sites don't exceed the MAC.

The indicated results characterize the scientific novelty of the studies. Their practical significance is the making management decisions by the administrative authorities with regard to the further waste facilities maintenance.
COVID-19. Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Baklaushev Vladimir , Kulemzin Sergey V , Gorchakov Andrey A. , Sotnikova Anna G. , Averyanov Alexandr V.
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 is a new epidemic infectious disease characterized by a relatively high contagiousness and the likelihood of life-threatening complications in the form of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute respiratory and multiple organ failure. The causative agent of the disease is the enveloped zoonotic RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, the genus Betacoronavirus, as well as the previously known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses, which cause severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East respiratory syndrome, respectively. The virus is transmitted by air and contact routes, therefore, to protect medical personnel it is necessary to use individual protective suits and accessories, with protection of the respiratory tract and eyes, disinfection of hands and surfaces as when working with microorganisms of the I-II pathogenicity group. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is confirmed using real-time RT-PCR diagnostics that detect the presence of viral RNA. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary from mild to moderate, to severe and extremely severe (5% of cases, ARDS, multiple organ failure, mechanical ventilation and resuscitation are necessary). The clinical picture of acute respiratory viral infections with severe fever, dry cough, respiratory failure, against the background of lymph and thrombocytopenia, normal procalcitonin, elevated levels of ferritin and CRP in the blood with signs of bilateral, polysegmental pneumonia and the phenomenon of "frosted glass" on CT, even in the absence of an unfavorable epidemiological An anamnesis makes it possible to diagnose COVID-19 with a high degree of probability and hospitalize the patient in an infectious isolation ward, without waiting for the results of PCR diagnostics. There is no specific etioptropic therapy for COVID-19; the only method that has proven effective in limited clinical trials is plasma infusion of convalescents with a high titer of neutralizing antibodies. High hopes are pinned on innovative treatments, such as the creation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy using MSCs or NK cells. The first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, mRNA-1273, is currently undergoing clinical trials.
Complex Temporal Patterns of Large Earthquakes: Devil’s Staircases
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Liu Mian , Luo Gang
Published: April 2020

Periodic or quasiperiodic earthquake recurrence on individual faults, as predicted by the elastic rebound model, is not common in nature. Instead, most earthquake sequences are complex and variable, and often show clusters of events separated by long but irregular intervals of quiescence. Such temporal patterns are especially common for large earthquakes in complex fault zones or regional and global fault networks. Mathematically described as the Devil’s Staircase, such temporal patterns are a fractal property of nonlinear complex systems, in which a change of any part (e.g., rupture of a fault or fault segment) could affect the behavior of the whole system. We found that the lengths of the quiescent intervals between clusters are inversely related to tectonic-loading rates, whereas earthquake clustering can be attributed to many factors, including earthquake-induced viscoelastic relaxation and fault interaction. Whereas the underlying causes of the characteristics of earthquake sequences are not fully known, we attempted to statistically characterize these sequences. We found that most earthquake sequences are burstier than the Poisson model commonly used in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, implying a higher probability of repeating events soon after a large earthquake.
Colonización y los cuerpos-territorio: protagonismo de las mujeres indígenas en el conflicto por el TIPNIS, Bolivia
Authors: Makaran Gaya
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar el papel de las mujeres indígenas en la defensa del Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro Secure (TIPNIS) en la Amazonía boliviana, frente al proyecto carretero y la colonización cocalera promovidas por el gobierno de Evo Morales Ayma. El estudio de la resistencia en el TIPNIS nos servirá para ilustrar la relación actual entre el colonialismo, el capitalismo y el patriarcado, por una parte, y la (auto)identificación de los cuerpos femeninos con el territorio en disputa. Estamos partiendo de un contexto global y nacional más amplio, donde el Estado boliviano bajo los gobiernos “progresistas” del Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) se caracteriza por un nacionalismo unificador y “modernizante” basado en el extractivismo acelerado y una proyección desarrollista que contradice los principios plurinacionales y proindígenas declarados, y asevera el despojo de los territorios y recursos por el capital, sobre todo transnacional.
Attitudes of the Elderly Towards Old Age
Authors: Jagielska Katarzyna
Published: April 2020

Starzenie się społeczeństw jest jednym z największych wyzwań XXI w. Sytuacja ta niesie za sobą konsekwencje dla polityki społecznej, zdrowotnej, gospodarczej i edukacyjnej. W obliczu zachodzących zmian ważne jest dobre przygotowanie do pracy osób pracujących z seniorami. Z tej perspektywy istotne jest zapoznanie się z postawami seniorów wobec własnej starości. Pomogą one zrozumieć funkcjonowanie jednostki w starości. Analiza literatury przedmiotu wskazuje, że postawy innych osób wobec seniorów oraz sposób postrzegania własnej starości wpływają na to, jak jednostka się starzeje i jak ocenia jakość swojego życia. Znajomość postaw wobec starości można wykorzystać do planowania działań na rzecz aktywnego starzenia się. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy i stanowi podsumowanie wiedzy na temat postaw wobec starości zawartej w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu oraz integruje dotychczasową wiedzę na temat postaw wobec starości. Celem opracowania było przybliżenie najważniejszych koncepcji postaw wobec starości oraz wskazanie obszaru zastosowania tej wiedzy do praktyki pracy socjalnej (zarówno uwzględnienie jej w programach nauczania, jak i udostępnienie pracownikom socjalnym). Uwzględniając kryterium przeglądowości, skoncentrowano się na: uzasadnieniu konieczności podjęcia tej tematyki z uwagi na starzejące się społeczeństwa, podaniu definicyjnego ujęcia pojęcia „postawa”, odniesieniu się do koncepcji postaw wobec starości. Ponadto przedstawiono najważniejsze typologie postaw wobec starości. W podsumowaniu zamieszczono kilka praktycznych wniosków dotyczących praktyki pracy socjalnej.
El desarrollo de la actividad turística en el municipio de Paderne
Authors: Rico Rico Beatriz
Published: April 2020

En el presente articulo se hace un análisis del sector turístico en el municpio de Paderne, una vez realizado el marco teórico centrado en la planificación, el desarrollo local y la sostenibilidad en zonas rurales, se estudia los principales atractivos del lugar así como la oferta turística existente; tras la realización de una serie de entrevistas a empresarios  y administración local así como el posterior establecimiento de unas lineas estratégicas de desarrollo, las conclusiones finales nos permiten tener una imagen global de la actividad turística en el municipio cuyo potencial de desarrollo vendrá determinado por la cohesión entre comunidad local, sector privado y sector público.
Realidad Aumentada con aprovechamiento turístico: una aplicación para el Camín Real de la Mesa (tramo somedano)
Authors: González López Alejandro , Loredo Enrique , Herrera Arenas Daniel , Sevilla Álvarez Juan
Published: April 2020

La Realidad Aumentada está cambiando la forma de experimentar los recursos y destinos turísticos. Pese a las ventajas potenciales que puede aportar esta tecnología, los espacios naturales protegidos han sido poco proactivos en su adopción. Por este motivo, en el presente trabajo se realiza una propuesta innovadora de despliegue de Realidad Aumentada en el Camín Real de la Mesa (Somiedo, España), itinerario turístico senderista que discurre por un espacio natural protegido singular. Se trata de un entorno moldeado por la interacción secular entre naturaleza y actividad humana, de gran calidad paisajística, pero que no es fácil de interpretar en toda su amplitud en una visita autónoma. La solución diseñada y prototipada viene a demostrar que la Realidad Aumentada es una herramienta apropiada y plenamente aplicable para mejorar las experiencias turísticas y generar otras oportunidades en los espacios naturales protegidos.
Nuevas tecnologías y difusión del turismo cultural: descubriendo a Goya con realidad aumentada
Authors: Bernad Conde María
Published: April 2020

La introducción de la realidad aumentada permite agregar información de interés para un destino turístico. Además, contribuye a aumentar la atracción e incrementar el mercado de visitantes. En la actualidad la adopción de tecnologías de realidad virtual aplicadas al patrimonio cultural está en un estadio de desarrollo. En este artículo se analizan esas tecnologías y, en particular, la app de  Fuendetodos. Los resultados concluyen que el uso de la app permite aumentar la información y la experiencia vivida del visitante sobre Goya y la localidad de Fuendetodos.
Creación de un paisaje sonoro como herramienta de mediación y de experiencia de visita. El caso del Castell de Cardona.
Authors: Vernuccio Angelo , Georgescu Paquín Alexandra
Published: April 2020

La museografía inmersiva proporciona un tipo de experiencia centrado en la percepción del visitante, dándole un papel activo en una visita patrimonial. El presente trabajo se plantea como objetivo principal la conceptualización de un recurso de mediación complementario, novedoso y diferenciador, para el entorno patrimonial del castillo de Cardona, fundamentado en el uso de una herramienta de tipo tecnológico, que emplea el sonido inmersivo (binaural ) como medio de transmisión.Para ello se plantean una investigación historiográfica, para determinar nuevos temas interpretativos, una valoración de la actual museografía y de las posibilidades del entorno. Se crean ambientaciones sugerentes, para que el visitante pueda sentirse protagonista de la experiencia de visita y se configura además como un recurso sostenible para el gestor turístico y con un gran potencial comunicativo para la puesta en valor de los elementos patrimoniales.
A influência das novas tecnologias digitais na mudança comportamental dos turistas
Authors: Ferreira Austregésilo Williany Loren Gaia , Pinheiro Melo Karla Juliana , Rodrigues Soares Jakson Renner
Published: April 2020

A diversidade dos negócios levou o comércio mundial a uma rotina inovadora, fazendo do turismo de eventos uma modalidade com abrangência cada vez maior. As tecnologias digitais apresentam-se cada vez mais presentes na sociedade, com uma diversidade de mídias e aplicativos acessíveis ao público consumidor que tornaram praticamente impossível imaginar o mundo hoje sem elas. Diante deste salto tecnológico e do crescimento do turismo de eventos, isso faz com que o turista absorva, naturalmente, as facilidades oferecidas por estas modernidades e termine por tolerar a influência direta desta evolução. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a relação entre o turismo de eventos e as novas tecnologias digitais. Ela está pautada na justificativa das transformações do novo século, com claro sinal das mudanças proporcionadas pela tecnologia e pela densidade plural do comércio, exercendo uma interferência direta sobre o perfil do moderno turista de eventos. Ela aponta a evidências da influência tecnológica sobre o turista de eventos.
Mujeres narradoras de viajes: Gertrude Bell
Authors: Martínez Jaspe Irene , Moss Sarah
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo se realiza con el fin de crear un itinerario a través de los principales destinos turísticos visitados por Gertrude Bell entre el 1 de diciembre de 1899 y el 14 de junio de 1900. Para su elaboración, fue necesario llevar a cabo una extensa investigación sobre el contexto para entender las posibilidades de viaje para mujeres de siglos pasados, cómo la fotografía y la literatura de viajes pueden llegar a estar relacionados con la industria del turismo y llegar a ser vías de promoción, la potencialidad de la ruta como un producto viable, la vida de Gertrude Bell y su personalidad como viajera. El método aplicado consistía en el estudio de cada diario y carta escrita y fotografía tomada por Gertrude Bell durante el periodo mencionado anteriormente; información turística e histórica sobre los destinos del itinerario y la manifestación de los sentimientos y pensamientos por parte de la autora de las cartas y diarios. El resultado fue la creación de una guía culturalmente rica basada en las emociones de Gertrude Bell, para atraer la atención del lector y llamar a su empatía, de manera que derivase en una ruta basada en la subjetividad.
The Relation between Biochemical Parameters, Milk Amyloid A, Somatic Cell Count, and Some Pathogens in Buffalo Milks
Authors: DOĞAN Yağmur Nil , DÜZ Mürüvvet , DOĞAN İlkay , GÜRLER Zeki
Published: April 2020

Being resistant to hard environmental conditions and diseases makes Buffalo to have its valuable milk. Microbial contamination may occur due to undesirable conditions such as mastitis, environmental contamination, and stress. If microorganisms are not removed from the milk, it causes many production disadvantages including inadequacy of production, failure of fermentation and shortening of the shelf life. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between somatic cells count (SCC), the presence of some pathogens, and milk amyloid A (MAA) in the buffalo milk. In addition, oxidative stress in buffalo milk was evaluated. For this purpose, 70 samples were collected and Enterobacteriaceae, coliform microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. analyses were performed. Biochemical parameters [Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] and serological parameter (MAA) were measured. The SCC was not statistically different according to Enterobacteriaceae, coliform microorganisms, E. coli groups. While MDA, NO, SOD, and TAC values were not statistically different according to the SCC groups, GSH and catalase values were statistically different. MAA values were statistically significant compared to the SCC groups. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between MAA and MDA/SCC. Detection of MAA may prevent the mixing of healthy and mastitic milk. Therefore, more reliable buffalo milk products will be presented to consumption.
Targeted therapy for gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Isyangulova A.  Z. , Khasanov R.  Sh. , Enikeev R.  F.
Published: April 2020

Extensive investigation of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has only started in recent years. The increased attention to this issue is due to the more frequent detection of NETs as a result of diagnostic methods improvement.

The limited effectiveness of chemotherapy for well-differentiated advanced metastatic NETs of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and pancreas demonstrates the need for development of the new and more effective treatment options.

Recent studies on specific biological features of NETs have led to the development of the new targeted therapies which take into account high vascularization and overexpression of specific growth factors and related tyrosine kinase receptors. Thus, studying the mTOR TSC2, PTEN and PIK3CA signaling pathways opens up the new opportunities in the treatment of gastrointestinal or pancreatic NETs, especially in case of inoperable or metastatic tumors. Targeted therapy, which specifically inhibits growth factor receptors and related signaling pathways, is a promising approach to drug therapy for patients with gastrointestinal or pancreatic NETs.

This review summarizes the state of the art and prospects for using targeted therapy, and describes clinical studies in the treatment of gastrointestinal and pancreatic NETs.
In Search of Confianza: A Qualitative Analysis of Salvadoran Parents’ Experiences in U.S. Urban Schools
Authors: Colón Ingrid , James Marlon , Chowdhury Mahjabin , Rector-Aranda Amy , Burgess Monroy Miguel
Published: April 2020

This qualitative study of six recently arrived parents from El Salvador who have been in the U.S. for no longer than a year explores their experiences in U.S. schools and offers recommendations for actualizing an ethos of humanitarianism in schools. In particular, the study addresses the perspectives of recently arrived Salvadoran parents about their children’s education and how can schools effectively collaborate with parents to support the emotional, social, cultural, and educational needs of their children. The study drew on testimonios to learn about Salvadoran parents’ perspectives about their children’s education to improve the services their children need in schools.
Understanding “Koreanness”: Racial Stratification and Colorism in Korea and Implications for Korean Multicultural Education
Authors: Kim Hyein Amber
Published: April 2020

This paper explores the social construct of Koreanness and its implications. The first section reviews literature on Whiteness, and states that Koreanness shows many similarities to Whiteness in the United States. Next, drawing upon the framework of Bonilla-Silva, this paper argues that a tri-racial system is emerging in Korea, with Koreanness at its center. Then, the study examines how racism and colorism permeate Korean society and culture, with special attention to education. The paper concludes that Koreanness should be addressed in multicultural education in Korea: in teachers’ reflection of their identities, teacher education, instruction, and anti-racism curriculum.
Understanding the Meaning of Multicultural Collaboration in a Public-School EFL Class
Authors: Pino Castillo Patricio Andrés , Donoso Allyson , Ortega Katherin
Published: April 2020

This phenomenological study sought to understand the meaning of multicultural collaboration in a Chilean English as a Foreign Language class purposefully selected because of its high percentage of students from different cultural backgrounds. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, the essence of the phenomenon was identified. Findings revealed that the students’ and the teacher’s positive attitudes towards multiculturalism, along with their respect and acceptance for diversity, propitiated a healthy and safe learning environment that made multicultural collaboration possible. Future studies should explore how these conditions may be replicated in other multicultural educational scenarios.
Data Analysis of User Behavior in E-Learning Systems
Authors:   St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia, Romanov A. , Volchek D. ,   St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: April 2020

This article discusses modern e-learning systems that have the ability to record user actions, such as movement, use of interactive materials, registration for courses, their completion, and more. Analysis of user actions in learning management systems provides opportunities for personalization of educational trajectories. Based on the study of user behavior, it becomes possible to form recommendations for course developers to improve the content and structure, as well as recommendations for passing the course for students. This work examines the data contained in activity logs to obtain information, search for dependencies by filtering relevant logs, structuring information from them, and providing data in a form that is convenient for analysis and drawing conclusions. The paper considers data of the main types of events generated as a result of recording user actions in the training management system, and scenarios for using the results of analyzing this data.
Complex verification of rule-based knowledge bases using VTF-logic
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University, Irkutsk, Russia, Arshinskiy L.V. , Ermakov A.A. ,   Irkutsk State Transport University, Irkutsk, Russia, Nitezhuk M.S. ,   Irkutsk State Transport University, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we consider a complex procedure for verifying rule-based knowledge bases using logics with vector semantics in the form of VTF-logic with a special representation of facts and rules. The described technique allows solving verification tasks such as identifying unrelated facts, identifying incomplete rules, identifying logical circles, checking the correspondence between a set of hypotheses and a set of terminal facts, identifying contradictions, identifying silent rules, and identifying abnormal breaks in the inference chains. Rules in the knowledge base are arranged in a causal way. It means if the same fact is included in the right part of one rule and the left part of another, the first rule is always performed earlier. As a result, the verification procedure is linear in terms of the number of rules and exponential in terms of the number of starting facts. However, the amount of calculations can be significantly reduced by selecting groups of facts related to a particular hypothesis. The novelty of the study is the use of logics with vector semantics for rules verification. This retains the ability to inference in case of anomalous values of truth. This logic provides to use the inference engine for dynamic verification of knowledge. As a result, you do not need to include additional architectural elements into the system (for example, rule set dependency chart), create external verification programs, etc. In fact everything is provided by regular means of the expert system. Static verification is provided by a special representation of facts and rules.
Decision-making support in software project management based on fuzzy ontology
Authors:   Ufa State Technical Aviation University, Ufa, Russia, Antonov V.V. , Barmina О.V. ,   Nordigy LCC, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Nikulina N.О. ,   Ufa State Technical Aviation University, Ufa, Russia
Published: April 2020

The article deals with knowledge management in software projects and decision-making support of its participants. The novelty of research is justified by the need to reduce the degree of uncertainty in decision-making and is confirmed by statistics indicating a sufficiently large number of unsuccessful projects. It is proposed to organize decision-making support based on the cases analysis of previously occurring problem situations. Also, it is proposed to use knowledge engineering methods, in particular, ontological analysis of the subject area. A formation of a fuzzy ontology method is developed for decision-making support in the software development. The novelty of the mathematical model lies in the combination of various inference mechanisms when making decisions on the basis of the entire complex of knowledge about the subject area. Increasing amount of information does not allow using simple searches for quick retrieval of the necessary information. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed for generating a search query that takes into account fuzzy properties, fuzzy taxonomic and associative relations between classes of objects in ontology. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is confirmed by an experiment on the prototype of an intelligent decision-making support system.
Models and methods of e-learning individualization in the context of ontological approach
Authors:   St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia, Mouromtsev D.
Published: April 2020

The article explores the issues of e-learning individualization (EE) as a set of processes for creating, developing, using and utilizing digital content and EE data, describes ontological models and methods for individualizing digital education. The technological stack for building and implementing individual learning paths is considered, as well as examples of existing systems that fully or partially use the specified technology stack. To efficiently process educational materials and data generated by learning management systems, a three-level architecture is proposed that allows semantic annotation and selection of concepts of varying degrees of abstraction in the data layers. These layers include: high-level abstractions of modeling, general concepts of educational materials and the educational process, specific concepts for access and integration of data from the EE system in terms of the subject area. For the first time, it was proposed to use semantic models as the formal basis for an individualized EE, including the vector representations of knowledge graphs, which, on the one hand, allows efficient processing of large and complex data structures, and on the other hand, has the flexibility and expressiveness of the ontological approach. The main aspects related to individualization in EE systems were sequentially considered, including technological aspects and existing ontologies for e-learning, individual trajectory modeling, semantic annotation of educational materials, methods for assessing knowledge in individualized learning, as well as ontological simulation of the cognitive profile of the student.
Multi-agent systems of semi-automatic design based on object-functions model in engineering
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia, Evgenev G.B.
Published: April 2020

A methodology for creating semi-automatic design systems for engineering products using artificial intelligence technologies is proposed. The methodology is based on multi-agent methods for creating knowledge bases and is suitable for the development of design and control systems for digital intelligent industries. As a unified agent model, an objectfunction mechanism is proposed with a partition of attributes into a subset of the input and output attributes of the agent method. Object-function is considered as a unified module for creating multi-agent systems. Graphic and textual models of agent representation are proposed. It is shown that with this representation, the agent is equivalent to the production rule, which is a knowledge base module. The names of the variables of the knowledge module should be selected from a dictionary that can be compiled using various natural languages. The mechanisms of knowledge modules should ensure the implementation of all the functions that may be required in the formation of knowledge bases. It is shown that the mechanism of an object-function mechanism can be a system of agents. When using expert programming technology, the process of generating knowledge modules, translating them into object or executable modules in one of the traditional languages, and testing is performed as a single operation. After obtaining the necessary set of modules, a method is generated that uses a subset of the generated knowledge modules. The generated method can be used as a mechanism of the knowledge module, which allows the use of a hierarchy of rules. It is shown that a cooperative solution to complex problems is provided by a system of agents.
Smart City as a Complex Adaptive System
Authors:   The Open University, Milton Keynes and Digital Ecosystems Ltd, London, Rzevski George , Kozhevnikov Sergei ,   Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Svitek Miroslav ,   Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University, Prague
Published: April 2020

As complexity of our political, social and economic environment increases, cities begin to experience new pressures, which makes the transformation from a conventional to a smart city urgent. It also requires re-thinking of what the key elements of the Smart City concept are. The paper does just that, and it provides an updated definition of Smart City. Further, it analyses problems experienced by urban conurbations caused by complexity of the Internet-based global economy and describes a practical solution – to design cities as complex adaptive systems capable of delivering services to citizens and visitors under conditions of complexity. The authors advocate an evolutionary transformation methodology that ensures a minimum of disruptions to city services. The concurrent design of multi-agent real-time schedulers for services and Smart City Ontology, described in this paper, enables the transformation to be carried out by several design teams, each, if necessary, at a different geographical location.
Visual analytical thinking and mind maps for ontology engineering
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Gavrilova Т.А. , Strakhovich E.V. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the practical application of the principles of visual analytical thinking for the problems of knowledge structuring for the ontology design and development. Visual analytical thinking refers to implementation of methodologies that use different types of diagrams to represent ideas, concepts, relationships and processes. From the well-known practically used types of diagrams, mind maps were selected as the most common, convenient and simple method for the proper formation and design of ontologies of complex domains. Mind maps reflect hierarchical relationships among concepts and allow the analyst to sufficiently deeply reflect the features and patterns of the domain with their specific relationships. Buzan formulated the idea of mind maps in the 1970s as a compact means of organizing abstracts, he later deepened and enhanced this idea, which was brought to software implementation and was widely used in various fields of education, research and business. The paper discusses the basic principles of the formation of such maps and analyzes the typical mistakes of analysts. For the first time, a classification of main errors and mistakes is proposed taking into account syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects. The analysis of the most common errors associated with the violation of the rules of ―good generalization‖ and reasonable minimalism is given. The article may be of interest to both intelligent systems’ developers and knowledge management systems’ creators; it summarizes ten years of experience in teaching and training visual analytical thinking skills in executive MBA programs and corporate trainings.
TAX AVOIDANCE IN INDONESIA: CONTEXT OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Kiswanto  , Harjanto Atta Putra , Suryarini Trisni , Apriliyana Nining , Kadir Abdul
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study: The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Quality on Tax Avoidance.  

Methodology: The population of this research is the audit report of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) in the Regency/City of West Indonesia with a total of 263 financial statements. Purposive sampling method is used, resulting 186 financial statements as samples. Hypotheses are tested using multiple linear regression using SPSS V.21.

Main Findings: This study population is a manufacturing company in Indonesia. Data are then analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. It is a quantitative study with 150 companies as the population of the study. They are all manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2013 up to 2015.

Applications of this study: This study can be useful for good corporate governance dan corporasi social responsibility

Novelty/Originality of this study: Tax avoidance, good corporate governance and good social responsibility are included in this study. There are only a few studies that use these variables. This study uses a different proxy from the previous one with the aim of getting more accurate results.
FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE POPULATION BEHAVIOR STRATEGIES IN THE SPHERE OF HEALTH PROTECTION (SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS)
Authors: Valerievna Gutik Tatiana , Anatolievna Gareeva Irina
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study: The study aims to identify factors that influence the formation of population behavior strategies in the sphere of health protection.
Methodology: A sociological study in the form of a questionnaire-based survey (25 questions, 118 investigated characteristics) was conducted. We used Microsoft Excel (2010) and SPSS STATISTICS for the processing of empirical data. Mean values ​​and standard deviations were calculated. Contingency tables and correlation analysis were applied.
Main Findings: The results of the study showed low activity among respondents in maintaining and improving their health, due to factors such as lack of medical awareness and legal medical literacy, misunderstanding of health risks, and lack of trust in medical care. Gender peculiarities were revealed. The dependence of forming population behavior strategies in the sphere of health on age, social status and income was established.
Applications of this study: The results of this study can be used by social institutions that implement public policy in the sphere of public health preservation and promotion. The article will be useful for experts in the sociology of the health sphere.
The novelty of the study: The analysis of the Khabarovsk city population behavior in the sphere of health protection was done based on empirical research. We studied population behavior strategies, which are based on certain self-preservation actions as well as on various socio-demographic groups of the population. We identified factors that influence the formation of these strategies.
INVESTIGATING EXPERIENCED AND NOVICE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS` PERCEPTIONS of MOST USEFUL VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES (VLS)
Authors: Zariholhosseini Elnaz , Namaziandost Ehsan , Nasri Mehdi
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study: This article report’s findings from a study on the differences and similarities between experienced and novice English language learners with regards to their personal use of VLS.

Methodology: Closed questionnaire and semi-structure interviews were applied to collect the data. The questionnaire was distributed among 60 (30 experienced learners and 30 novice learners). In addition, 20 learners (10 experienced learners and 10 novice learners) were asked to answer the questions in the interview. Therefore, descriptive statistics, U Mann Whitney test, and independent-sample t-test were run to compare and analyzed the data.

Main Findings: The finding showed that there were significant differences between experienced and novice learners’ thoughts towards vocabulary learning strategies and experienced learners used vocabulary learning strategies while learning new words in English language learning.

Applications of this study: If the learners are taught how to use each strategy correctly, their understanding of the language can naturally be improved. Moreover, VLS is beneficial throughout the process of vocabulary learning which makes learners more independent and allows teachers to focus on other things as well.

Novelty/Originality of this study: To the best of researchers’ knowledge, no study has been done on investigating Iranian experienced and novice English language learners` perceptions towards most useful vocabulary learning strategies (VLS).
BACHELORS’ INDEPENDENT WORK: STAGES OF ORGANIZATION THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Raptanova I. N. , Streneva N. V. , Strizhkova O. V. , Fomichenko A. S. , Yankina N. V.
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study: The article analyses the problem of the students’ independent work organization within the framework of simulation technology. We placed the main emphasis on the stages of the organization of University students’ self-study of a foreign language. Moreover, we assess how the application of simulation technology raises the efficiency of students’ independent work.

Methodology: We wrote the article on data collected from surveys in 2018. Students from the Orenburg State University participated in this research. This study used the quantitative approach of experimental research by dividing students into two groups, experimental and control ones. We collected the data through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. We used statistical methods of survey data processing for analysis, among them descriptive analysis, correlation, and factor analyses.

Main Findings: Simulation technology is an active and innovative tool in education. The organization of students’ independent work within the frame of the simulation technology promotes the development of initiative and self-sufficient students. It contributes to the improvement of the subjective bachelors’ qualities such as strength of linguistic knowledge, linguistic and reflexive skills. Besides, students understood the importance of independent work in the educational process.

Applications of this study: The material of the study can be useful for university teachers and students and a wide range of readers interested in a new developing and innovative way of learning in the education of students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this article, we described the organization of students’ independent work within the frame of the simulation technology. The results can be used by university teachers as an innovative tool for students learning. This method of intensification of learning activity can lead to the creation of an own model of teaching the students.