bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of taper error on the performance of gas foil conical bearing
Authors: Hu Hongyang , Feng Ming , Ren Tianming
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to study the bearing performance with different cone angle errors, to study the effect law of manufacturing taper error on the properties of gas foil conical bearing (GFCB).

Design/methodology/approach

For the GFCB supported by separated bump foil strips, a nonlinear structure stiffness model considering Coulomb friction and arch characteristics was proposed. The finite element method and finite difference method were used to solve the Reynolds equation and the film thickness equation by coupling, and the properties of the GFCB were obtained. The effect of foil and bearing structure parameters on the static and dynamic performance under different taper error cases was analyzed. Moreover, a test on the air compressor supported by GFCBs was conducted to verify the practicability.

Findings

The taper error has a largely adverse effect on the load capacity of GFCB. When the taper error is −0.03°, the radial load capacity Fr and axial load capacity Fz decrease by 37.5 and 58.3%, respectively. The taper error decreases the direct stiffness and cross-coupled damping of GFCB, which will weaken the bearing stability. Moreover, the performance of GFCB is closely related to the foil and bearing parameters.

Originality/value

The taper error adversely affects the static and dynamic characteristics of GFCB, which should be concerned by bearing designers, researchers and academicians.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2020-0089/
Understanding President Trump supporters’ behaviors about a political controversy
Authors: Krishna Arunima , Kim Soojin
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This study seeks to understand Trump supporters’ behaviors on social media in the wake of a political controversy: US President Trump’s continued support for Judge Roy Moore’s candidacy for the US Senate representing the state of Alabama despite several allegations of sexual assault against him.

Design/methodology/approach

Few days before the special election was held in Alabama, an online survey was conducted among 325 supporters of President Trump to explore Trump supporters’ social media behaviors, including the unfriending/unfollowing contacts and speaking out about the controversy.

Findings

We found a negative presidential image to influence individuals’ loss of face, and such loss of face to impact unfriending/unfollowing behaviors on social media, as well as outspokenness. Furthermore, the differences between strong issue supporters and weak issue supporters’ opinions of climate perceptions and outspokenness were investigated.

Originality/value

Rather than using fear of isolation as the mediator between opinion climate and willingness to speak out, as is generally the case in the spiral of silence model (Moy et al., 2001), this study investigated the role of another affective indicator, loss of face on two social media behaviors, outspokenness, and unfollowing/unfriending contacts on social media.
Exploring the intersections: researchers and communication professionals' perspectives on the organizational role of science communication
Authors: Koivumäki Kaisu , Wilkinson Clare
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This paper reports on research exploring the intersections between researchers and communication professionals' perspectives on the objectives, funders and organizational influences on their science communication practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Examining one context, the inter-organizational BCDC Energy Research project based at five different research organizations in Finland, this paper presents data from semi-structured interviews with 17 researchers and 15 communication professionals.

Findings

The results suggest that performance-based funding policies that drive the proliferation of large-scale research projects can create challenges. In particular, a challenge arises in generating a shared sense of identity and purpose amongst researchers and communication professionals. This may have unintended negative impacts on the quality and cohesiveness of the science communication which occurs.

Research limitations/implications

The study was exploratory in nature and focuses on one organizational and institutional environment. Further research with a wider number of projects, as well as funders, would be conducive to a greater understanding of the issues involved.

Practical implications

On a practical level, this research suggests that the creation of clearer communications awareness and guidance may be helpful in some large-scale projects, particularly involving broad numbers of organizations, individual researchers and funders.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies examining the perspectives of both researchers and communication professionals working over one project, drawing together a range of different institutional and disciplinary perspectives. The results highlight the importance of the influences of funding on science communication aims, assumptions, cultures and structures. The article articulates the need for further research in this area.
Two-directional convergence of platform and pipeline business models
Authors: Mody Makarand , Wirtz Jochen , Fung So Kevin Kam , Chun Helen HaeEun , Liu Stephanie Q.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This article examines the new phenomenon of the convergence of platform and pipeline business models. It examines the potential synergies and challenges for platforms to add pipeline components and vice versa for pipeline businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a conceptual approach that synthesizes and integrates the literature from service, hospitality, and strategy, and supplements them with two illustrative mini-case studies.

Findings

While the extant literature typically focuses on the dichotomy between incumbent pipeline businesses that create value by controlling a linear series of activities and network effects-driven platforms, we differentiate between two types of platform business models (i.e. platforms with asset control and platforms with peer-provided assets). Further, we identify three common pathways of convergence; that is, pipelines moving towards (1) platforms with asset control and (2) those with peer-provided assets, and (3) platforms with peer-provided assets adopting defining business characteristics of pipelines. Furthermore, we contrast key characteristics of the three business models and examine potential synergies and challenges for business model convergence. Our findings suggest that convergence from pipelines to platforms with asset control seems to be a natural extension that offers many potential synergies and relatively minor challenges. In contrast, convergence from pipelines to platforms with peer-provided assets is likely to encounter more serious challenges and few synergies. Finally, the synergies and challenges of convergence from platforms with peer-provided assets to pipelines seem to be in between the other two in terms of synergies and challenges.

Practical implications

This article helps managers think through key considerations regarding potential synergies to develop and challenges to mitigate for embarking on convergence strategies between pipeline and platform business models.

Originality/value

This article is the first in the service, business model and strategy literature to identify, define, and conceptualize business model convergence between platforms with asset control, those with peer-provided assets and pipeline businesses. It is also the first to examine potential synergies and challenges these different paths of business model convergence may entail.
Strange attractor in the Auckland commercial property market
Authors: Szweizer Moshe
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a chaos theory-based framework, which can be used to model commercial property market dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is presented in two parts. In the first, rigorous mathematical reasoning is entertained, so to derive an attractor describing a set of feedback formulae. In the second part, the attractor definition is used to model the Auckland commercial office market. The model is exposed through a set of seven scenarios allowing for analysis of the market behaviour under various exogenously imposed conditions.

Findings

The general behaviour of the model is in agreement with the commercial property market conduct observed in Auckland. The model provides information related to the market turning points and allows for an explanation of some intricate market dynamics. These include the anatomy of a market peak and its response to the liquidity oversupply.

Practical implications

The model may be used to expand our understanding of the market performance under various exogenically imposed conditions, which allows for planning of market interventions in a more refined manner.

Originality/value

The paper is original, in the way the chaos theory is applied to the property markets modelling and allows for expanding the understanding of the market behaviour.
Joint optimization of production and maintenance for multi-machines subject to degradation and subcontracting constraints
Authors: Hafidi Nouhayla , El Barkany Abdellah , EL Mhamedi Abderrahman , Mahmoudi Morad
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider various possible constraints of the problem of production and maintenance planning control for a multi-machine under subcontracting constraint, in order to bring the manufacturer industry closer to real mode. In this paper, we present an efficient and feasible optimal solution, by comparing optimization procedures.

Design/methodology/approach

Our manufacturing system is composed of parallel machines producing a single product, to satisfy a random demand under a given service level. In fact, the demand is greater than the total capacity of the set of machines; hence there rises a necessity of subcontracting to complete the missing demand. In addition, we consider that the unit cost of subcontracting is a variable depending on the quantity subcontracted. As a result, we have developed a stochastic optimal control model. Then, to solve the problem we compared three optimization methods: (exact/approximate), the genetic algorithm (GA), the Pattern Search (PS) and finally fmincon. Thus, we validate our approach via a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis.

Findings

This paper defines an internal production plan, a subcontracting plan and an optimal maintenance strategy. The optimal solution presented in this paper significantly improves the ability of the decision maker to consider larger instances of the integrated model. In addition, the decision maker can answer the following question: Which is the most optimal subcontractor to choose?

Practical implications

The approach developed deals with the case of the real-mode manufacturing industry, taking into consideration different constraints and determining decision variables which allow it to expand the profits of the manufacturing industry in different domains such as automotive, aeronautics, textile and pharmacies.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the few documents dealing with the integrated maintenance in subcontracting constraint production which considers the complex aspect of the multi-machine manufacturing industry. We also dealt with the stochastic aspect of demand and failures. Then, we covered the impact of the unit cost variation of subcontracting on the total cost. Finally, we shed light on a comparison between three optimization methods in order to arrive at the most optimal solution.
Measuring dynamic absorptive capacity in national innovation surveys
Authors: Alves Marlon F.R. , Galina Simone V.R.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The dynamic capability view reshaped the understanding of how firms can achieve a sustained competitive advantage through innovation. However, studies based on national innovation surveys have not incorporated this vision when measuring absorptive capacity, especially the evolutionary aspects of dynamic capabilities. This study addresses this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

We empirically validate a scale using a national innovation survey based on the Oslo Manual standards. Using a five-wave survey, we demonstrate the scale's reliability, convergent and discriminant validity and stable structure across industries and over time.

Findings

This research integrates the dynamic capability literature with absorptive capacity measurement to propose and validate a multi-item and bidimensional scale for national innovation surveys.

Originality/value

We provide a measurement model that captures an evolutionary conceptualization of absorptive capacity as a dynamic capability. Hence, our contribution enhances the quality and validity of studies on absorptive capacity and advances the understanding of how firms develop and deploy absorptive capacity to drive performance.
Entrepreneurial decisions in tourism and hospitality during crisis
Authors: Pappas Nikolaos , Brown Alyssa Eve
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The article examines the entrepreneurial decision-making in the Greek tourism and hospitality sector during a period of an economic crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The nationwide study includes the responses of 503 entrepreneurs engaged in the Greek travel, tourism and hospitality industry. The research employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), and examines trust, enterprising negotiation power, tourism decision-making considerations and crisis effects. It also includes the categorical data of operational mode and company type.

Findings

The analysis has generated three different pathways for entrepreneurial decision-making during crisis in the Greek tourism and hospitality sector. These pathways are (1) crisis conditions, (2) enterprising operations and focus and (3) enterprising capabilities.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the limited employment of fsQCA in the tourism sector, its full potential is still to be explored.

Practical implications

The study provides three different pathways that Greek tourism entrepreneurs select for their decision-making according to the characteristics of their firms and their market orientation.

Originality/value

Theoretically, the study contributes by enhancing understanding of entrepreneurial decision-making during periods of crisis. In the methodological domain, the research employs fsQCA, which has only recently started to be used in tourism and hospitality, and generally the service sector.
Predicting of proactive environmental management for unhairing wastewater treatment in Tunisia using neural network learning algorithms
Authors: Turki Mohamed , Zahrani Hamden , Ayadi Meriem , Kallel Monem , Bouzid Jalel
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to focus on Tunisian tannery sector that causes a considerable damage to the environment and consequently leads to serious health problems due to the untreated effluents generated from the various leather processing stages.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper discusses a voluntary initiative taken by the top managers of tannery enterprise to prevent pollution and disseminate the concept of eco-industrial activities between employees and stakeholders. In addition, this research assesses the performance of such treatment that characterizes the chemical parameters of generated pollutants. It also aims at optimizing the industrial process for cleaner production. Coagulation–flocculation process is investigated in this study. Moreover, oxidation phase by ozone is taking into account before and after coagulation–flocculation process to measure the effectiveness of the combined method for reducing the main pollutant concentrations.

Findings

The unhairing and chrome (Cr) tanning steps are considered the most polluting steps. Therefore, the application of various treatment techniques, including chemical and physicochemical processes, is realized to reduce the toxicity of the effluents. The correlation between experimental and modeling results, using artificial neural network (ANN) method, was investigated in this research. The results of the constructed ANN model are measured by the correlation of experimental and model results during coagulation–flocculation and oxidation stages. The validation of the elaborated model through the error calculation (MSE) and the correlation coefficient (R) confirm the reliability of ANN method.

Originality/value

Eventually, the establishment of ANN model for performance prediction of wastewater parameters is investigated due to different measurements of physical effluent outputs, such as: pH, turbidity, TSS, DS, COD, fat, TSS, S2- and Cr. This study uses predictive modeling, a machine learning technique to tackle the problem of accurately predicting the behavior of unseen configuration.
Improving sustainability and encouraging innovation in traditional craft sectors: the case of the Sri Lankan handloom industry
Authors: Wanniarachchi Thushari , Dissanayake Kanchana , Downs Carolyn
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess sustainability across the handloom industry in Sri Lanka and identify opportunities for sustainable innovations supporting new markets, development of small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs) and growth in the Sri Lankan craft sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a multiple case studies methodology, 10 case studies and 37 semi-structured interviews were analysed along with the triple-layered business model canvas.

Findings

The study reveals the handloom industry to be fundamentally sustainable but with structural barriers that hinder both innovation and growth. The environmentally conscious production process and social inclusion within weaving communities are the key driving forces of sustainability in the sector; however, the structure of the industry and lack of access to markets and information act as barriers to both innovation and growth. The incorporation of design interventions, closed-loop manufacturing strategies and the encouragement of community-based entrepreneurship would support sustainability-orientated business innovation in the handloom industry.

Originality/value

The rapidly increasing market share for high-quality, hand-made goods indicates the potential of the creative industries to accelerate socio-economic growth. Handloom textiles is attracting growing interest in fashion markets because of increasing concern about exploitation in production, thus encouraging interest in the economic benefits of fairly traded, high quality materials and the potential contribution of handloom to sustainability in the fashion industry. The results of this study will support the handloom industry and policy-makers in developing support for sustainable innovation in the handloom industry.
Hedging positions in US wheat markets: a disaggregated data analysis
Authors: Hoang Nam , Grieb Terrance
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This study aims to spot wheat data and disaggregated commitment of trader data for CME traded wheat futures to examine the effect of exogenous shocks for hedging positions of Producers and Swap Dealers on cash-futures basis and excess futures returns.

Design/methodology/approach

A Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) methodology is used to capture volatility transfer effects.

Findings

Evidence is presented that institutional short hedging positions play a major role in the pricing of asymmetric information held by Swap Dealers into the basis. The results also indicate that producer hedging contains information when conditions in the supply chain create a shift in long vs short hedging demand. Finally, the results demonstrate that that Swap Dealer short hedging has the greatest effect on risk premium size and historical volatility.

Originality/value

Various proxies for spot prices are used in the literature, although actual spot price data is not common. In addition, stationarity for basis and open interest data is induced using the Baxter-King filter which allows us to work with levels, rather than percentage changes, in the time series data. This provides the ability to directly observe the effect of outright open interest positions for hedgers on contemporaneous innovations in basis and in excess returns. The use of a BVAR methodology represents an improvement over other structural VAR models by capturing contemporaneous systemic effects within an endogeneity based structural framework.
Glucocorticoids link forest type to local abundance in tropical birds
Authors: Messina Simone , Edwards David P. , Marasco Valeria , Canoine Virginie , Cosset Cindy C. P. , Tomassi Suzanne , Benedick Suzan , Eens Marcel , Costantini David
Published: May 2020

Selective logging is a major driver of environmental changes in the tropics. Recently, there has been increasing interest in understanding which traits make bird species resilient or vulnerable to such changes. Physiological stress mediated by the steroid hormone corticosterone (CORT) might underlie changes in local abundance of species because it regulates a range of body functions and behaviours to maintain homeostasis in changing environments.

We conducted a 3‐year study to assess (a) the variation in CORT levels in feathers (where CORT is deposited during the moult) of 10 understorey bird species across both unlogged old‐growth forest and selectively logged forest in Borneo, (b) how this variation is associated with within‐year variation in population abundance between forest types and (c) whether the difference in feather CORT (fCORT) between co‐specific populations living in unlogged and logged forests in 1 year is related with their difference in population abundance the following year.

We used effect size estimates to measure standardized magnitude and direction of fCORT changes between unlogged and selectively logged forest. We found small to large effect sizes, indicating large among‐species variation in physiological acclimatization to changes in forest conditions. In 2016 and 2018, species with relatively higher fCORT in unlogged forest were relatively more abundant in logged forest in the same year; in 2017, species with relatively higher fCORT in logged forest were relatively more abundant in logged forest. Importantly, we found that for a given species, the difference in fCORT at year (x) between unlogged and logged forests was negatively related with a difference in its local abundance between the two forest types in the following year (x + 1).

Our results point to glucocorticoid hormones as potential mediators of carry‐over effects on population abundance due to direct and indirect effects of silvicultural practices in tropical forests of Borneo, suggesting fCORT as a potential marker of population changes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Aerial seed bank in a cold desert annual‐ephemeral species: Role of anatomical structure of stem and delayed fruit dehiscence in timing of seed dispersal
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Liu Bing , Tan Dunyan , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M.
Published: May 2020

Why the fruits are retained on dead upright herbaceous plants and how this relates to seed dispersal and timing of germination remain unclear. Stems of the annual Euclidium syriacum (Brassicaceae) with infructescences bearing indehiscent silicles remain upright after plants die in the spring. We investigated the effect of anatomical structures of stem and pedicle and delayed silicle dehiscence on seed dispersal phenology of this species. For comparison, sections were made of the stem of the annual Goldbachia laevigata (Brassicaceae), which has stems that fall over when plants die. Compared to G. laevigata, the stem of E. syriacum has vascular bundles that are closer together, a thicker xylem and phloem, more fibers, a thicker perimedullary zone and a smaller pith diameter:stem diameter ratio. The thickened pedicle did not form an abcission layer. By late October, 5–20% of seeds were dispersed, depending on the position of infructescences on the plant. Snow covered the plants in late autumn and when it melted in mid‐April many of the plants had fallen over, with a high number of seeds germinating in attached silicles; seedlings became rooted in soil. After snowmelt, 14–15% of the silicles on the remaining upright plants contained seeds; all seeds were dispersed by early July. The anatomical structures of the stem and pedicle plus the delayed dehiscence of silicles explain the presence of an aerial seed bank in E. syriacum and delay of germination of many of seeds until spring. Further, pieces of upright plants are broken off and dispersed by wind, which helps to explain the wide distribution of E. syriacum in the cold desert.
When a ‘Like’ Is Not a ‘Like’: A New Fragmented Approach to Data Controllership
Authors: Zalnieriute Monika , Churches Genna
Published: May 2020

In Fashion ID, the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘CJEU’) held that an operator of a website featuring a Facebook ‘Like’ button is a data controller under EU Directive 95/46 (‘Directive’) jointly with Facebook in respect of the collection and transmission of the personal data of website visitors to Facebook, but Facebook alone is a data controller for any subsequent data processing. While the CJEUs expansive interpretation of joint controllership aims to leave ‘no gaps’ in the protection of individuals, we question whether the proposed solution to ‘fragment’ controllership into different stages of processing helps to achieve that goal. We argue that CJEUs ‘fragmented’ approach is incompatible with the GDPR, as it does not reveal the intended purposes of data processing, and thus negates informed and specific consent. We suggest that such ‘fragmentation’ undermines the consistency, predictability and transparency of EU data protection law by obscuring the pervasiveness of data commodification in the digital economy.
Regression II. Development through regression
Authors: Alexandrov Yuri , Svarnik Olga , Znamenskaya Irina , Kolbeneva Marina , Arutyunova Karina , Krylov Andrey , Bulava Alexandra , Feldman Brian
Published: May 2020

As shown in our previous paper (‘Regression I. Experimental approaches to regression’,JAP,65, 2, 345‐65), the common mechanism of regression can be described as reversible dedifferentiation, which is understood as a relative increase of the proportion of low‐differentiated (older) systems in actualized experience. Experimental data show that regression following disease (chronic tension headache) is followed by adaptation and an increase in system differentiation in that experience domain which contains systems responsible for that adaptation. The results of mathematical modelling support the idea that reversible dedifferentiation can be one of the mechanisms for increasing the effectiveness of adaptation through learning. Reversible dedifferentiation, which is phenomenologically described as regression, is a general mechanism for restructuring the organism‐environment interactions in situations where behaviours that were effective in the past become ineffective. Reversible dedifferentiation has evolved as a component of adaptation when new behaviours are formed and large‐scale modifications in the existing behaviours are required in the face of changes in the external and/or internal environment. Thus, the authors believe that this article provides evidence for Jung’s view that regression is not only a ‘return’ to past forms of thinking, affects and behaviour, but that regressive processes provide a significant impetus for psychological growth and development.
Changes in verbalizations during sandplay: an empirical study
Authors: Punnett Audrey , Canfield Merle
Published: May 2020

This is a quantitative study of an 11‐year‐old boy diagnosed with major depression who in all but one session made a sandplay. A computerized system was used to analyse the written verbalizations on four dimensions of positive and negative: emotions, contracts (psychosocial agreements, relationships, etc.), performance (behaviour) and rewards. It was hypothesized that the verbalizations made by the patient (recorded by the therapist) would become more positive and less negative during the course of therapy. The positive and negative values of the four dimensions were correlated with the session number. This was supported on two (performance & contract) of the four positive dimensions (statistically significant). The hypothesis that the negative dimensions would become less negative was supported on all four dimensions (statistically significant). Thus, six of the eight hypotheses were supported.

This uninvestigated area of research illustrates verbal interactions between patient and therapist were an important aspect of sandplay therapy. Through reanalysing the sessions for quantitative content, written recording of direct quotes and observation of behaviour, data was entered into a valid and reliable coding system to quantitatively analyze the verbalizations. This analysis of verbalizations of the patient and observations made by the therapist indicates sandplay therapy is multifaceted.
Cephalic extraction versus breech extraction in second‐stage caesarean section: a retrospective study
Authors: Ezra O , Lahav‐Ezra H , Meyer R , Cahan T , Ilan H , Mazaki‐Tovi S , Sivan E , Barzilay E , Haas J
Published: May 2020

Objective

Our primary objective was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes based on the attempted mode of extraction. Our secondary objective was to compare the outcomes based on the actual mode of extraction.

Design

A retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary centre between the years 2011 and 2019.

Setting

The study included 1028 cases of term pregnancies in vertex presentation that were delivered by caesarean section at the second stage of delivery.

Population

Patients were grouped according to the attempted mode of extraction: attempted cephalic extraction (674) and breech extraction (354). A subgroup analysis was conducted, comparing successful cephalic extraction (615), failed cephalic extraction (59) and breech extraction (354).

Methods

Both maternal and neonatal complication rates were compared between the groups.

Results

There were significantly more uterine incision extensions (27.4 versus 11.9%, P < 0.001) and increased need for blood transfusion (10.7 versus 6.2%, P = 0.018) in the cephalic extraction compared with the breech extraction group. The highest rate of uterine incision extensions (45.8%) and need for blood transfusion (22%) was in the subgroup of failed cephalic extraction. The rate of adverse neonatal outcomes was comparable between the two groups. However, in the subgroup of failed cephalic extraction, there were higher rates of low 1‐minute Apgar scores, NICU hospitalisation and limb fractures compared with successful cephalic extractions and breech extractions (P = 0.016, 0.01, <0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Breech extraction in second‐stage caesarean section is associated with fewer maternal complications compared wiith attempted cephalic extraction without increasing neonatal complication rates.

Tweetable abstract

In breech versus cephalic extraction, breech extraction was found to have better outcomes in second‐stage caesarean section.
The Stability of 4‐Chloromethcathinone in Blood and Vitreous Humor
Authors: Nowak Karolina , Szpot Paweł , Zawadzki Marcin
Published: May 2020

We present results of our study on the stability of 4‐chloromethcathinone (4‐CMC) in authentic postmortem peripheral blood and vitreous humor samples. The stability of 4‐CMC was determined in postmortem blood samples (for a period of 90 days) and vitreous humor (30 days) at three different temperatures: −15°C, +4°C, and + 23°C. The analyses were carried out using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS). In both materials, the lowest 4‐CMC stability was demonstrated at room temperature. The blood samples stored in a freezer (−15°C) showed stability for the entire study period (90 days), while in the case of the vitreous humor sample stored at the same temperature the concentration of the substance decreased by 53% after 30 days. The study carried out in authentic postmortem blood and vitreous humor samples confirms the previous reports of 4‐CMC instability in biological material. Authors suggest that the biological material should be stored frozen until analyses are carried out as soon as possible after collection of the material.
Fluidized‐bed drying of black rice grains: Impact on cooking properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds
Authors: Lang Gustavo Heinrich , Lindemann Igor da Silva , Goebel Jorge Tiago , Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Acunha Tanize dos Santos , de Oliveira Maurício
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the influence of different fluidized‐bed drying temperatures (20, 60, and 100 °C) on the cooking properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and phenolic bioaccessibility of black rice. The results indicated that the formation of fissures in the grains dried at or above 60 °C reduced the physical integrity of the grains after cooking, increasing the starch digestion and the rehydration ratio, and reduced the cooking time, the hardness and adhesiveness. Due to the higher digestibility of grains dried at higher temperatures, an increase in the bioaccessibility of ferulic acid, which was previously associated with the polysaccharides, was observed. Caffeic acid was the only phenolic compound whose levels decreased when the drying temperature increased. At high temperatures and in the gastric phase, cyanidin chalcones were formed due to the deglycosylation of cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside.

Practical Application

The results of this study provide information to the food industry about the effects of different fluidized‐bed drying temperatures on the rice structure after cooking and that, consequently, affect the availability of bioactive compounds after digestion and the glycemic index of black rice.
Alcohol Cue–Induced Ventral Striatum Activity Predicts Subsequent Alcohol Self‐Administration
Authors: Lim Aaron C. , Green ReJoyce , Grodin Erica N. , Venegas Alexandra , Meredith Lindsay R. , Donato Suzanna , Burnette Elizabeth , Ray Lara A.
Published: May 2020

Background

Human laboratory paradigms are a pillar in medication development for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Neuroimaging paradigms, in which individuals are exposed to cues that elicit neural correlates of alcohol craving (e.g., mesocorticolimbic activation), are increasingly utilized to test the effects of AUD medications. Elucidation of the translational effects of these neuroimaging paradigms on human laboratory paradigms, such as self‐administration, is warranted. The current study is a secondary analysis examining whether alcohol cue–induced activation in the ventral striatum is predictive of subsequent alcohol self‐administration in the laboratory.

Methods

Non–treatment‐seeking heavy drinkers of East Asian descent (n = 41) completed a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover experiment on the effects of naltrexone on neuroimaging and human laboratory paradigms. Participants completed 5 days of study medication (or placebo); on day 4, they completed a neuroimaging alcohol taste cue–reactivity task. On the following day (day 5), participants completed a 60‐minute alcohol self‐administration paradigm.

Results

Multilevel Cox regressions indicated a significant effect of taste cue–elicited ventral striatum activation on latency to first drink, Wald χ2 = 2.88, p = 0.05, such that those with higher ventral striatum activation exhibited shorter latencies to consume their first drink. Similarly, ventral striatum activation was positively associated with total number of drinks consumed, F(1, 38) = 5.90, p = 0.02. These effects were significant after controlling for alcohol use severity, OPRM1 genotype, and medication. Other potential regions of interest (anterior cingulate, thalamus) were not predictive of self‐administration outcomes.

Conclusions

Neuroimaging alcohol taste cue paradigms may be predictive of laboratory paradigms such as self‐administration. Elucidation of the relationships among different paradigms will inform how these paradigms may be used synergistically in experimental medicine and medication development.
Increased maternal new‐onset psychiatric disorders after delivering a child with a major anomaly: a cohort study
Authors: Rotberg B. , Horváth‐Puhó E. , Vigod S. , Ray J. G. , Sørensen H. T. , Cohen E.
Published: May 2020

Background

The birth of a child with a major congenital anomaly may create chronic caregiving stress for mothers, yet little is known about their psychiatric outcomes.

Aims

To evaluate the association of the birth of a child with a major congenital anomaly with subsequent maternal psychiatric risk.

Methods

This Danish nationwide cohort study included mothers who gave birth to an infant with a major congenital anomaly (n = 19 220) between 1997 and 2015. Comparators were randomly selected mothers, matched on maternal age, year of delivery and parity (n = 195 399). The primary outcome was any new‐onset psychiatric diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included specific psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric in‐patient admissions and redeemed psychoactive medicines. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for socioeconomic and medical variables.

Results

Mothers of affected infants had an elevated risk for a new‐onset psychiatric disorder vs. the comparison group (adjusted HR, 1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.22). The adjusted HR was particularly elevated during the first postpartum year (1.65, 95% CI 1.42–1.90), but remained high for years, especially among mothers of children with multiorgan anomalies (1.37, 95% CI 1.18–1.57). The risk was also elevated for most specific psychiatric diagnoses, admissions and medicines.

Conclusions

Mothers who give birth to a child with a major congenital anomaly are at increased risk of new‐onset psychiatric disorders, especially shortly after birth and for mothers of children with more severe anomalies. Our study highlights the need to screen for mental illness in this high‐risk population, as well as to integrate adult mental health services and paediatric care.
Simple procedure to evaluate mid‐face sagging: A pilot study from Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yin‐Chun , Chih Pei‐Ling , Lin Sheng‐Yiao , Cheng Yang‐Chun , Lan Cheng‐Che E.
Published: May 2020

An easy and objective way to evaluate mid‐face sagging is marking straight lines between the nasal alar and the mandibular angle, one in the supine and the other in an upright position. The maximal distance between the two lines drawn is measured. Statistic analyses shows that this maximum distance demonstrates positive correlation with age and body mass index that reflects the level of mid‐face sagging. This simple method may be utilised to evaluate the effect of anti‐ageing treatment on the face in the context of mid‐face sagging.
Patient‐reported visual function outcome in cataract surgery: test–retest reliability of the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire
Authors: Grimfors Magnus , Lundström Mats , Hammar Ulf , Kugelberg Maria
Published: May 2020

Purpose

To study the test–retest reliability of the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire in cataract surgery.

Methods

A single‐centre prospective non‐randomized test–retest study was conducted using the Swedish National Cataract Register and the Catquest‐9SF questionnaire, which is a valid patient‐reported outcome measurement tool developed and used for evaluating quality and visual disability outcome in cataract surgery. Consecutive patients (n = 144) scheduled for cataract surgery completed the Catquest‐9SF twice before surgery, with a minimum of 7 days and a maximum of 14 days between the two questionnaires. A rating scale model was constructed on the basis of the questionnaires from the first measurement and used to generate scores for both the first and second measurements. The consistency was investigated by calculating intraclass correlation, Pearson correlation and a Bland–Altman plot. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results

Analyses showed an intraclass correlation of 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.95), a Pearson correlation of 0.93 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94. The results fit well in a Bland–Altman plot.

Conclusion

The test–retest reliability of the Swedish Catquest‐9SF is excellent. Along with previous knowledge, this supports continued use of the Catquest‐9SF in evaluating quality and outcome in cataract surgery.
Editorial: increasing IBD prevalence and its complications in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Authors' reply
Authors: King Dominic Stephen , Trudgill Nigel John , Adderley Nicola J.
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to King et al and Benson‐Pope and Greary papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15701 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15759.
Letter: low population mortality from COVID‐19 in countries south of latitude 35° North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Authors’ reply
Authors: Rhodes Jonathan M. , Subramanian Sreedhar , Laird Eamon , Kenny Rose Anne
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rhodes et al and Mansur papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15777 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15820.
Experiencing the unfamiliar through mobile gameplay: Pokémon go as augmented tourism
Authors: Woods Orlando
Published: May 2020

While tourism involves encountering the unfamiliar, digital technologies play an increasingly prominent role in mediating these encounters. Augmented reality applications can cause encounters with the unfamiliar to become relational constructs, as difference is mediated through the familiar interface of the digital. Augmented tourism is a concept through which these mediations can be understood. Specifically, augmented reality mobile games bring people and places together through one, integrative, experience of the world. When played in unfamiliar environments, these games provide an interpretive lens that can shape the tourist experience. I draw on an analysis of 22 in‐depth interviews with Singapore‐based players of Pokémon Go to explore how the game enables them to navigate and memorialise unfamiliar environments, and to connect with other people through common experiences of play. Combined, these actions constitute a form of augmented tourism that is defined by playful and interactive, but also homogenising, encounters with people and place.
The effectiveness of ketamine on anxiety, irritability, and agitation: Implications for treating mixed features in adults with major depressive or bipolar disorder
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Lipsitz Orly , Rodrigues Nelson B. , Lee Yena , Cha Danielle S. , Vinberg Maj , Lin Kangguang , Malhi Gin S. , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Kratiuk Kevin , Fagiolini Andrea , Gill Hartej , Nasri Flora , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Suppes Trisha , Ho Roger , Rosenblat Joshua D.
Published: May 2020

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) ketamine on anxiety, irritability, agitation, and suicidality, in adults with treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD).

Method

Adults (N = 201) with treatment‐resistant MDD or BD received repeat‐dose IV ketamine treatment at a community‐based clinic. Mixed features were measured using symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and agitation (AIA), as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) scale. The Quick Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology Self‐Report‐16 (QIDS‐SR16) was used to measure overall treatment response, and the QIDS‐SR16 suicidal ideation (SI) item was used to measure change in SI symptoms with ketamine treatment. The anxiety, irritability, and agitation items on the GAD‐7 were used to assess effectiveness of IV ketamine in treating symptoms of mixed features.

Results

In this retrospective analysis, 113 participants met AIA criteria. Participants with AIA experienced a significantly greater reduction in overall depressive symptoms (F(1, 558) = 9.49, P = .002), SI (F(1, 558) = 3.103, P = .079), anxiety (F(1, 198) = 5.52, P = .007), irritability (F(1, 198) = 28.35, P < .001), and agitation as measured by “trouble relaxing” (F(1, 198) = 6.70, P = .010) from baseline compared to the non‐AIA group, regardless of number of treatments received.

Conclusions

Our preliminary results suggest that IV ketamine is effective in rapidly treating AIA and SI in adults with treatment‐resistant mood disorders. This observation suggests that IV ketamine could be considered a treatment alternative for adults with MDD or BD presenting with mixed features.
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the utilisation of emergency urological services
Authors: Madanelo Mariana , Ferreira Carlos , Nunes‐Carneiro Diogo , Pinto André , Rocha Maria Alexandra , Correia Jorge , Teixeira Bernardo , Mendes Gonçalo , Tavares Catarina , Mesquita Sofia , Fraga Avelino
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To compare the number of patients attending the Urology Emergency Department (ED) of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), as well as their demographic characteristics, the reasons for admission, the clinical severity under the Manchester triage system (MTS), and the need for emergency surgery or hospitalisation, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and the equivalent period in 2019.

Patients and methods

Data were collected from patients attending the Urology ED of the CHUP over 3 weeks, from 11 March to 1 April 2020, and from the same period in the previous year (from 11 March to 1 April 2019).

Results

During the pandemic, 46.4% fewer patients visited our urological ED (122 vs 263). There was no significant difference in the mean age or the number of old patients (aged ≥65 years) between the two periods. However, significantly fewer female patients sought emergency urological services during the COVID‐19 pandemic period (32.7% vs 14.8%, P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between different clinical severity groups under the MTS. In 2019, significantly less patients required hospitalisation. The most common reasons for admission, during both periods, were haematuria, renal colic and urinary tract infections. The authors recognise that the study has several limitations, namely, those inherent to its retrospective nature.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 significantly influenced people’s urological care‐seeking behaviour. Understanding the present situation is helpful for predicting future urological needs. Based on the results of this study, we have reason to speculate that people’s requirements for urological services might grow explosively in the post‐COVID‐19 period. There should be further studies about the real state of long‐term urological services and the consequences that this pandemic may have in terms of morbimortality not directly related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.