bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Congestion in the Pulmonary and Systemic Circulations in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Kirillova Venera , Smorgon Andrey , Garganeeva Alla , Batalov Roman , Meshchaninov Viktor , Sokolova Ludmila , Blagodareva Maria , Khlynin Mikhail , Popov Sergey
Published: April 2021

BackgroundFluid retention is one of the most common reasons for the heart failure decompensation. The purpose of the study is to estimate the sensitivity, specificity of the ultrasound method for evaluating congestive phenomena in the systemic and pulmonary circulations in patients with the atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic heart failure (CHF).MethodsThe study includes 28 patients with the paroxysmal AF with and without CHF, who were planned for the radiofrequency pulmonary veins isolation. The maximum and minimum diameters of the right superior pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava on exhalation were measured echocardiographically. An average pressure in the right and left atria was measured intraoperatively. Сorrelation between the maximum and minimum diameters of the right superior pulmonary vein and an average pressure in the left atria and between inferior vena cava on exhalation and an average pressure in the right atria was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity of ultrasound methods for evaluating congestive phenomena in the systemic and pulmonary circulations was evaluated.ResultsThere was positive correlation between the minimum diameter of right superior pulmonary vein and invasive mean pressure in the left atrium (R=0.65, P<0.05), between invasive measured mean pressure in the right atrium and the diameter of the inferior vena cava on exhalation (R=0.49, P<0.05). Sensitivity of the method – maximum diameters of the right superior pulmonary vein greater than 21.7 mm are ultrasound criteria for venous pulmonary hypertension is 75%, specificity – 86%. Sensitivity of the method minimum diameters of the right superior pulmonary vein greater than 10.5 mm are ultrasound criteria for venous pulmonary hypertension is 85%, specificity – 86%. The sensitivity of the inferior vena cava diameter exceeding 18,5 mm on exhalation is 100%, the specificity is 92%.ConclusionsThe new ultrasound method of congestion diagnostics in the pulmonary circulation by the maximum and/or minimum diameter of the right superior pulmonary vein can be effectively applied in clinical practice in the same way as the well-known technique of congestion diagnostics in the systemic circulation by the diameter of the inferior vena cava in patients with the atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure.
Clinical spectrum and prognosis of SLE-associated severe thrombopenia: A single-center review of 162 treatment-naïve patients
Authors: Liu Lijun , Liu Shengyun , Wang Cong , Li Wei , Liu Xiaojun , Sun Jinlei , Lu Jiameng , Zhang Yinli , Zhang Lei , He Yujie , Li Tianfang
Published: April 2021

Background

Severe thrombocytopenia (TP) is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that increases the risk of accruing damage and mortality. This study aimed to describe the demographic features, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and outcomes of a large series of treatment-naïve SLE patients with severe TP and explore the factors influencing prognosis in patients with SLE-associated TP.
Methods

The study enrolled treatment-naïve SLE patients complicated with severe TP who were older than 14 years old and admitted to our hospital between November 2010 and November 2018. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected retrospectively between October 2019 and February 2020.
Results

TP occurred in 31.83% of SLE patients, of whom 37.80% had severe TP. 162 treatment-naïve SLE patients complicated with severe TP were included in the analysis, including 17 males. The clinical and laboratory features are shown in Table 1–2. The treatment responses are displayed in Table 3–4, and the parallel program model is shown in Fig. 1. Multivariate analysis of the risk factors is shown in Table 5.
Conclusions

In patients with SLE-associated TP, male and older age predicted the lack of a response, serositis predicted the lack of a complete response, and anti-Sm antibodies predicted a response in week 1. Advanced age predicted the lack of a complete response at week 4, and anti-nRNP antibodies and anti-SSB antibodies predicted a complete response. Advanced age, myositis and anti-Ro antibodies predicted the lack of a response at week 24, and leukocytopenia predicted the lack of a complete response. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was predictive of serious infections. Myositis and leukopenia were predictive of mortality. Advanced age and mucocutaneous hemorrhage predicted the lack of a low-dose glucocorticoid complete response (LDG-CR), while anti-nRNP antibodies were predictive of LDG-CR.
Quantifying bubbling emission (ebullition) of methane from a rice paddy using high-time-resolution concentration data obtained during a closed-chamber measurement
Authors: KAJIURA Masako , TOKIDA Takeshi
Published: April 2021

Methane (CH4) produced in rice-paddy soil is transported to the atmosphere either via the rice plants or by bubbling events (ebullition); however, little is known about the frequency and intensity of bubbling CH4 emissions and the factors that affect them. We developed a method to quantify ebullition using high-time-resolution (~1 Hz) CH4 concentration data obtained by closed-chamber measurements. Field measurements were conducted in a Japanese rice paddy at different rice growth stages: panicle formation (PF), booting (BT), and heading (HD). A dataset of 132 chamber measurements was used to develop and evaluate the method. A scripting file written in R programing language was used to automatically determine CH4 emissions via the two pathways. Plant-mediated CH4 emission intensity was constant during chamber deployment and was reflected as a steady linear increase in chamber [CH4] with time or as a constant baseline in a flux time series. We found that the plant-mediated emission could be determined as the peak with the lowest flux intensity in the flux frequency distribution even if bubbling events occurred during the chamber deployment. The field measurement results in combination with established data processing protocols showed that at PF, ebullition contributed only 4% of the total emission, whereas it accounted for 32% and 60% of the total emission at BT and HD, respectively. In contrast, the plant-mediated flux variation among growth stages was smaller. Both ebullition and plant-mediated emissions correlated significantly with air temperature at HD, but the magnitude of the dependency was much higher for ebullition than for rice-mediated emission. These results demonstrate that ebullition occurs more frequently than has previously been thought, and the different transport pathways show varying degrees of dependency on plant phenological and environmental factors, thus underscoring the need to separately determine CH4 emissions via each transport pathway.
Assessment of factors affecting willingness to blood donation among Hawassa town Population Southern, Ethiopia,2020.
Authors: Girma Belete , Deneke Hiwot , Ahmed Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Background: Blood donation is a unique act to save the lives of people who face serious surgical and medical conditions. Since the request for blood supply is too high, there is a shortage of blood which causes significant morbidity and mortality. To increase blood supply and maintain adequate quantity of blood, regular and volunteer blood donation practice is needed. Ethiopia is one of the lowest annual donation rates which is 0.8/1000 population. This study assesses factors affecting willingness to donate blood among Hawassa town southern Population.Objectives: To assess the factors affecting willingness to blood donation among Hawassa town population Southern, Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hawassa town in November 2020. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select study population. At Stage one, three Kebele are selected from total 32 Kebele, at stage two using systematical sampling method used to draw the total sample size, proportional to the population of each kebele and each study units are selected randomly from Each household. Data was collected using structured interviewer questionnaire. Data entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Result: A total of 633 participants were included in the final analysis (response rate = 100%). Among which 212(33.5%) was Female and 421 (66.5%) were Male. The mean age was 30.95 ±2.0 years. Among the study participants, 490(77.4) are willing to donate blood in the future and 125(22.9%) of them had blood donation practices in the past. The most prominent factors that affect willingness of participant for blood donation was, Unfit to donate, fear of needle prick and Not approached to donate (45.2%,38.5% and 11.7%) respectively. Majority of the respondents 382 (60.3%) reported that voluntary donor is the best source of safe blood. Desire to help other and age of study Participant age greater 25 years are significantly associated factor for increased willingness to blood donation (AOR 2.146 (0.028, 0.753) and (AOR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.1, 3.0) respectively.Conclusion: Only minor proportion of the participants donate blood in the past, but Majority of the participant was willing to donate blood in the future. The major factors that participant not willing to donate blood are Unfit to donate, fear of needle prick and Not approached to donate. There is a need to improve awareness on who and when a person able to donate a blood and organizing campaign to increase awareness on important of blood donation for those who are willing to donate blood in the future, to create a pool of eligible blood donors.
Formation of phthalates during the degradation of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine by soil bacteria
Authors: Makarova L. E. , Morits A. S. , Sokolova N. A.
Published: April 2021

N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (N-PNA) and phthalates are classified as antibiotic substances. The appearance and accumulation of these substances in the biosphere is associated with their technogenic and biogenic origin (metabolites of plants and bacteria). In this article, we compare the degrading action of such soil bacteria as Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi, Clavibacter michiganensis sps. Sepedonicus and Azotobacter chroococcum against N-PNA. These bacteria differ in their interaction with pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) synthesising N-PNA. The degradation products were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in ethyl acetate extracts obtained from culture liquid media, in which N-PNA at a concentration of 10 μM and the bacteria under study were introduced. The decrease in the N-PNA concentration in the extracts obtained using ethyl acetate from culture media, in which N-PNA had been added to a concentration of 100 μM, was monitored following two days of bacterial growth using the methods of high-performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that all the studied bacterial species are capable of degrading N-PNA with the formation of phthalates. The Rhizobium bacteria, endosymbionts of pea plants synthesising N-PNA, and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the Azotobacter genus showed the highest degrading activity. It was found that N-PNA reduced the viability of all types of bacteria, although to a varying degree. N-PNA had the most negative effect on the viability of the Azotobacter genus, although these bacteria showed a high degrading action against N-PNA. The dependence between the negative effect of NPNA on bacterial viability and the N-PNA concentration was mildly pronounced for Rhizobium and Pseudomonas, although being significant for Bradyrhizobium and Clavibacter.
Advances and achievements of Academician D.L. Rakhmankulov’s scientific school in the field of applied and oilfield chemistry
Authors: Mikhailova N. N. , Mamlieva A. V. , Teptereva G. A. , Shavshukova S. Yu. , Zlotskii S. S.
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews the achievements of the scientific school of Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Professor of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU) D.L. Rakhmankulov in the field of applied and oilfield chemistry. Having achieved fundamental results during theoretical and experimental research into the structure, properties and mechanisms of transformations of substituted cyclic acetals and heteroanalogues, D.L. Rakhmankulov and his colleagues proposed to apply this knowledge in various sectors of the national economy, in particular, in the oilfield chemistry. An analysis of copyright certificates obtained by the researchers from the 1970s to the 1990s, which were related to the development of reagents of the class of cyclic acetals intended for use in the oilfield chemistry, showed that the obtained reagents can be effectively used as components of drilling fluids, inhibitors of hydrogen sulphide corrosion of oilfield equipment, bactericidal reagents that inhibit the growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria. The efficiency of such reagents significantly exceeded that of well-known industrial reagents. It was noted that aqueous compositions containing 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes dissolve and keep in volume particles of resins and asphaltenes in the form of microemulsions, which makes it possible to increase oil recovery and use cyclic acetals as reagents-solvents of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. It was found that the use of cyclic acetals, e.g. 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane, in the composition of drilling fluids can significantly improve their lubricating, antiwear and anticorrosive properties. By-products of petrochemical industries were often used as a raw material for the production of compounds of the class of cyclic acetals, which at the same time solved the problem of their recycling. It was found that the bottom residue of industrial production of 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane, containing oxymethyl-1,3-dioxanes, can be successfully used for dissolving gypsum hydrocarbon fuels deposited in oil wells. In order to expand the range of reagents that inhibit the growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria, D.L. Rakhmankulov and his colleagues proposed to use aqueous solutions of 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes as bactericides.
Effects of white phosphorus on the cellular morphology and protein profile of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Mindubaev A. Z. , Fedosimova S. V. , Grigoryeva T. V. , Romanova V. A. , Babaev V. M. , Buzyurova D. N. , Babynin E. V. , Badeeva E. K. , Minzanova S. T. , Mironova L. G. , Akosah Ya. A. , Karaeva J. V.
Published: April 2021

Microorganisms are known for their ability to adapt easily to any environment, forming specific ecosystems capable of surviving in harsh media. White phosphorus is one of the most dangerous and toxic pollutants, whose widespread use for various industrial and military purposes creates conditions for environmental pollution. It has previously been shown that some microbial cultures can adapt to the presence of white phosphorus in the environment, oxidizing it to a phosphate and then using it as a source of biogenic macronutrients. In prior studies, we have demonstrated the possibility of white phosphorus biodegradation by the fungal strains of Aspergillus niger. However, it is important to study the resistance of this species to such a toxic substance as white phosphorus. There may be several probable mechanisms, including the following: the cell wall of the fungus is a barrier to the penetration of white phosphorus into the cell, in which case an increase in the thickness of the cell wall should be observed in response to the impact of the toxicant; a mechanism associated with the expression of stress genes and the production of proteins involved in the disposal of toxins, including white phosphorus. In addition, white phosphorus causes an overall activation of metabolism, accompanied by an increase in the number and size of mitochondria in the cells. It is likely that the active forms of oxygen produced by mitochondria are involved in the detoxification of both white phosphorus and its transformation products. Microscopic and proteomic studies have confirmed the presence of the above-mentioned resistance mechanisms.
Mathematical tools and software for the distributed geophone network of Prognoz-ADS geomechanical monitoring system
Authors:   Mining Institute FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, Russia, Konstantinov Aleksandr V. , Rasskazov Maksim I. ,   Mining Institute FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, Russia, Tsoi Denis I. ,   Mining Institute FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, Russia
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article considers the problems of the present-day algorithm of acoustic emission events location in Prognoz-ADS geomechanical monitoring system. The ways of solving the flaws in the applied algorithm have been proposed with the account of the specified requirements. Research aim is to propose certain solutions aimed at achieving higher accuracy of seismoacoustic events coordinates calculation; to solve the flat antenna problem and get the opportunity of assessing the efficiency of separate observing network elements; develop the structure of a new location algorithm and calculate its preliminary complexity. Methodology. It is proposed to correct the problems of the existing algorithm by constructing the velocity map of the controlled object and assessing the efficiency of seismoacoustic receivers and data on the observing network sensitivity in various sections of the rock mass. Results. The article provides logical structure of the developed algorithm with complexity O(n). It is proposed to solve the flat antenna problem by using data on seismic receivers complex sensitivity. Certain media of collecting information on the observing network state and signal propagation velocities at the controlled object have been introduced. Summary. The designed algorithm provides for multiple parameters variation, many of them are not taken into account in the existing location method of Prognoz-ADS system. The indicated characteristics selection and the efficient use of the calculating tool’s hardware resources will make it possible to obtain a more accurate and universal location algorithm.
Geophysical research at the Revda intersection of the Serov-Mauk regional fault
Authors:   Bulashevich Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Davydov Vadim A.
Published: April 2021

Research aim is to study the characteristic features of geophysical fields over the main geological structures in the zone of influence of the Serov-Mauk regional fault in the Middle Urals. Methodology. Electromagnetic studies included an express version of audiomagnetotelluric sounding (AMT) with a broadband OMAR-2m receiver (Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Ekaterinburg). Office processing is based on obtaining frequency spectra of impedance using fast Fourier transform, and their transformation into deep sections of electrophysical parameters of the medium. Magnetic prospecting was carried out using GEM GSM-19T proton magnetometer (GEM Systems, Canada). Gamma-field survey was carried out with a survey radiometer SRP-68-01 (Electron, Zhovti Vody). Results. Based on observation processing results, high-quality sections of electrical resistivity and effective longitudinal conductivity were constructed on the parametric profile, as well as graphs of magnetic and radiation fields. The studies revealed features of change in the electrophysical parameters and potential fields over various geological structures of the near-contact fault zone. Summary. The signs of the main geologic features border lines were identified by changes in physical properties. The lithological and tectonic boundaries have been identified of a complex rock assemblage adjacent to the regional fault according to the characteristic anomalies of geophysical parameters. Geophysical survey results comply with the real geological conditions of the study area.
Determining operation parameters of the leverage mechanism in a mining excavator
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after The First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia., Lukashuk Olga A. , Letnev Konstantin Iu. ,   Ural Federal University named after The First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The paper analyzes the process of rock excavation using a front-shovel operational equipment of an open-pit excavator in the context of determining rational modes of operation for its main mechanisms (lifting and thrusting mechanisms) during the excavation. The main purpose of the study is to establish the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the excavation process by identifying patterns of changes in the operating parameters of the main mechanisms. Research methodology includes mathematical modelling and computational experiment with the use of machines and mechanisms theory methods. Results. Dependencies were obtained to determine rational values of lifting and thrusting velocities which ensure that the bucket (top of its cutting edge) moves along a specified trajectory while excavating. A simulation model was built for the process of rock excavation carried out by front-shovel excavators, which represents a set of calculated values for the operational parameters of the main mechanisms to realize the bucket movement along a specified path and provide specified energy-force parameters on the bucket. An optimizing algorithm was developed to control the working process of an open-pit excavator and achieve required values of the operation parameters to get the bucket moving at a specified excavating velocity within the work area of the excavator. It is shown that their joint action forms a kinematic chain which connects the main mechanisms and the bucket and includes driven links of those mechanisms and elements of the operational equipment. Operation parameters of the main mechanisms were found to be formed in accordance with kinematic properties of the transmission mechanism (with the kinematic chain as its part). Scope of results. The results of the research could be used to develop a control system for the drives of the main mechanisms.
Análisis numérico del flujo sobrexpandido en la tobera cónica experimental ULA-2 fuera de diseño
Authors: Tolentino Masgo San Luis Baudilio , Mírez Tarrillo Jorge Luis
Published: April 2021

En la Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, el GCAE ha diseñado y fabricado un grupo de toberas supersónicas con longitud de garganta, las cuales han sido empleadas en su fase experimental en motores de cohetes sonda de la serie ULA. En el presente trabajo el objetivo es analizar el comportamiento del campo de flujo sobrexpandido en la tobera cónica experimental ULA-2, que tiene un ángulo medio de la divergente de , considerado una tobera fuera de diseño. El campo de flujo se simuló en un dominio computacional 2D con el código  Ansys-Fluent para dos casos de longitud de garganta; se empleó el modelo RANS en conjunto con el modelo de turbulencia de Menter, y para la viscosidad la ley de Sutherland. Los resultados del campo de número de Mach, presión y temperatura, para la sección de la garganta con mayor longitud presentaron fluctuaciones producto de las ondas de choque oblicuas, y para la menor longitud no se presentaron fluctuaciones. Se concluye que existe una influencia de la longitud de garganta en el desarrollo del flujo en esa sección; sin embargo, la longitud de garganta no influye de manera significativa en la velocidad del flujo a la salida de la tobera
Evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas de ladrillos elaborados con residuos de vidrio y plástico. Análisis de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono
Authors: Cardona Howard Faber Sneider , Rengifo Rojas Luis Alberto , Guarín Martínez Juan Felipe , Mazo Castro Daniel Guillermo , Arbeláez Pérez Oscar Felipe
Published: April 2021

El uso de desechos no biodegradables como el vidrio y el plástico en la industria de la construcción ha recibido atención significativa para un medio ambiente más limpio. Este trabajo presenta un estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de ladrillos que contienen agregados, vidrio y pellets de tereftalato de polietileno. Los ladrillos se fundieron  a 240 °C durante 3 horas y se enfriaron por convección natural. Los resultados mostraron que un aumento en el contenido de vidrio y agregados genera un incremento en la densidad, que es superior en las muestras con mayor contenido de agregados. La misma tendencia se observó en la resistencia a la compresión: la muestra con mayor contenido de agregados mostró una mejora del 243 % comparada con la referencia (preparada solo con plástico). Los resultados indicaron que las emisiones de dióxido de carbono disminuyeron alrededor del 30 % en las muestras preparadas, en comparación con los ladrillos tradicionales. Se espera que el uso de residuos de plástico y vidrio en la producción de ladrillos se convierta en una ruta para su valorización.
Kritikai pedagógia kísérletek lehetőségei és korlátai a büntetés-végrehajtásban
Authors: Ivanics Zsófia
Published: April 2021

A kritikai pedagógia egy olyan nevelési irányzat, melynek központi célkitűzése a kritikai öntudat fejlődésének támogatása, méghozzá elsősorban a társadalmi problémák párbeszéden alapuló feltárása, megértése révén. A megközelítés lényegi vonása, hogy a tanulási folyamatot demokratikus alapokon, az oktatók és résztvevők egyenlő partnerségére építve képzeli el. E szemlélet gyakorlatba való átültetése még a szokványos oktatási formációk keretében is meglehetős kihívásokkal terhelt feladat. Hatványozottan így van ez egy olyan intézményben, melynek feladata, hogy társadalmi kontroll funkciót lásson el a bűnelkövetők elzárása, valamint ideális esetben a társadalomba történő visszavezetése révén. A börtön szigorú hierarchián és feltétel nélkül elvárt engedelmességen alapuló totális intézmény, ahol a kezdetektől fogva jelen van az elkövetők megjavítására, korrekciójára irányuló szándék. A tanulmány a kritikai pedagógia és a korrekciós nevelés pedagógiai alapkoncepcióját összevetve, továbbá a kritikai pedagógia elvein alapuló oktatási programok tapasztalatait felhasználva mutatja be a nevelés lehetőségeit és korlátait a büntetés-végrehajtás keretei között.
Dilemmák, nehézségek, lehetőségek a börtönkutatásokban
Authors: Fekete Mária
Published: April 2021

Az alábbi írás a börtönben végzett kutatásokban felmerülő nehézségek, dilemmák kérdéskörét igyekszik körüljárni a rendelkezésre álló nemzetközi szakirodalom áttekintésének segítségével. A szövegben tárgyalandó problémacsoportok és etikai aggályok akár gátló tényezőként is felfoghatóak, nem szabad azonban elfelejtkezni arról, hogy milyen módokon segítik a kutatót vizsgálódása tárgyának gondosabb kimunkálásában, önmaga szerepének definiálásában, a kutatás helyszíne adta lehetőségek feltérképezésében. Tehát nem kizárólag akadályként, de előmozdító erőként, lehetőségként is tekinthetünk rájuk a kutatói munkában. Az írás szerves részét képezi az érzelmek szerepének vizsgálata is, melyek azonosítása és megélése szintén „kockázatos” terep a zárt intézeti kutatások esetében, hiszen az itt neveltek nem ritkán együttérzést kiváltó életúttal rendelkeznek, és legtöbbször pontosan tudják, mivel lehet ezt az együttérzést mélyíteni. Kérdés, hogy szabad-e, lehet-e érzelmek nélkül kutatni, és ha nem, hogyan kell azt a határt meghúzni, amikor az érzelmek jelenléte még nem sérti a kutatás objektív mivoltának kitételét?
Bebörtönzött családok – fogvatartottak családjai a börtönről
Authors: Hegedűs Judit
Published: April 2021

A család az ember életének meghatározó eleme, ez a büntetés-végrehajtási intézetben büntetésüket töltő fogvatartottak esetében még inkább így van. A börtönbe kerülésükkel sokszor családi kapcsolataik is átalakulnak, átrendeződnek a családon belüli szerepek, a benti lét a családdal kapcsolatos érzelmekre is hatást gyakorol. Több hazai kutatás is született azzal kapcsolatban, hogy mennyire kiemelkedő szerepe van a családdal való kapcsolattartásnak a reintegrációs tevékenységben (Albert & Biró, 2015; Hegedűs, Farkas, Fekete, Ivaskevics, Molnár & Sipos, 2016), ugyanakkor az, hogy a családtag börtönbe kerülése hogyan hat az otthon maradottakra (szülőkre, gyermekekre, társra), kevéssé vizsgált terület (Visontai-Szabó, 2019; Herczog, 2012) hazánkban. Jelen írásban a fogvatartottak otthon maradt családtagjaival és kiemelten a gyermekeivel foglalkozom egyrészt a szakirodalom, másrészt pedig az általam készített kutatás segítségével. Kutatásom során olyan személyekkel beszélgettem, akiknek valamelyik hozzátartozója börtönben van. Arra a kérdésre kerestem a választ, hogy ők miként élték meg a családtagjuk bebörtönzését, mennyire tartják fontosnak a vele való kapcsolattartást, miként élik meg a látogatásokat, mennyire segítette őket a büntetés-végrehajtási intézet a kapcsolattartásban?
Tanárszakos hallgatók angolnyelv-tanulási és online olvasásistratégia-használata közötti összefüggések
Authors: Habók Anita , Magyar Andrea
Published: April 2021

Napjainkban az idegen nyelvek tanulása, elsajátítása, az idegen nyelvhez kötődő információszerzés gyakran online színtéren valósul meg, amelynek feltétele, hogy a nyelvtanulók rendelkezzenek az idegen nyelven elérhető információk értelmezéséhez és feldolgozásához szükséges szintű idegen nyelvi olvasási készségekkel és online olvasási stratégiákkal. Kutatásunk célja annak feltérképezése, hogy az egyetemi hallgatók milyen mértékben használják a digitális térben a különböző információk szerzését segítő online olvasási stratégiákat, valamint, hogy milyen kapcsolat van a hallgatók nyelvtanulási stratégiáinak és online olvasási stratégiáinak használata között. A nyelvtanulási stratégiák használatának mérésére Oxford (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) kérdőívét, az online olvasási stratégiák vizsgálatára Anderson (2003) Online Survey of Reading Strategies (OSORS) kérdőívét alkalmaztuk. Az eredmények mindkét kérdőív esetében mérsékelt stratégiahasználatot jeleztek. A nyelvtanulási stratégiák közül a metakognitív stratégiák használata volt a legjellemzőbb, míg az online olvasási stratégiák közül a problémamegoldó stratégiatípus volt a leggyakrabban használt. A különböző nyelvtanulási és olvasási stratégiák között mindenütt szignifikáns kapcsolatot detektáltunk, és eredményeink megerősítették többdimenziós modellünk működőképességét, amely szerint a nyelvtanulási stratégiák összességében nem, azonban bizonyos faktoraik szignifikáns hatást gyakorolnak az online olvasási stratégiahasználatra. A nyelvtanulási stratégiák közül a memória, a kompenzáló és a kognitív stratégiák hatása a legjelentősebb, és az átfogó olvasási stratégiák központi szerepe figyelhető meg. Kutatásunk felhívta a figyelmet a stratégiahasználat tanításának fontosságára.
Nőképváltozások gimnáziumi történelemtankönyvekben 1949 és 1989 között
Authors: Szabó Hajnalka Piroska
Published: April 2021

Jelen kutatás egy hosszmetszeti összehasonlító tankönyvelemzés részét képezi, amely 1949 és 1989 között megjelent történelemtankönyvek nőképét, illetve nő- és genderspecifikus tartalmi elemeit, azok struktúráját tárja fel tankönyvtörténeti fókusz mentén, neveléstörténeti háttérrel. A vizsgálat célja egyrészről az volt, hogy elemezze a korszakban megjelent gimnáziumi történelemtankönyvek női dimenzióját, másrészről pedig az, hogy feltérképezze a tankönyvekben megtalálható ideológiai tartalmak vonatkozásában a nőképpel kapcsolatos legfontosabb változásokat. A tankönyvelemzés kutatásmódszertani koncepciójának alapját egy ún. nőképdimenziós-modell jelentette, amely három aspektus: a történelmi, a tartalmi és a didaktikai kontextus mentén rajzolja meg az adott korszak nőképét. Jelen vizsgálat fókuszában a nőkép történeti-ideológiai-politikai dimenziója állt, amely a történetírói tradíciót, a nődeficitet/nőhiányt, a nők férfi legitimációs értékét, illetve a hősnőszimbólumokat vette górcső alá. A kutatás eredményei nőtörténeti dimenzióba helyezve várhatóan bemutatják, hogy a vizsgált időszak történelemtankönyveiben manifesztálódó, politikai-ideológiai hatásoknak kitett nőkép/nőeszmény hogyan formálódott, változott. A kutatás segítheti a kor nőneveléstörténeti horizontjának kitágítását tantárgypedagógiai, tankönyvtörténeti aspektusból, illetve a nők történelmének beépítését a jelenkori történelemtankönyvekbe.
Alsó szólam
Authors: Trencsényi László
Published: April 2021

Vincze Beatrix (2018). Tanári életutak a 20. század második felében. Budapest: ELTE Eötvös Kiadó.
Male Perspective on Women in Contemporary Indonesian Islamic Literature
Authors: Wajiran Wajiran
Published: April 2021

This paper aims at discussing the image of women in contemporary Indonesian Islamic literature after the ‘Indonesian Reformation’ in 1998. In contrast to the previous era, the images of women in this period are presented differently by male writers. Women are depicted more moderate and progressive. This paper applies the method of sociology of literature whereby literature is regarded as a reflection of its society. It employs content analysis of the text to see how Javanese Muslim women are depicted and how the depiction reflects the society. Two novels discussed in this paper are Cinta Suci Zahrana by Habiburrahman El Shirazy and Perempuan Badai by Mustofa W. Hasyim. The results show that these novels raise various issues of Muslim women in contemporary Indonesia. They show that there is a development in presenting the image of Muslim women in Indonesia. There is a development of thoughts, especially about the social status of women. The changes include the level of education, determination of spouse and freedom to participate in public spheres. The level of education obtained by the main characters is an essential milestone in changing women’s position in Indonesian Muslim society. Women are not just an object, but they should be the subject in the life of the Muslim community.
The Transformational Leadership of the Female Leader in Pesantren
Authors: Rahayu Eka Adni , Faraz Nahiyah Jaidi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to reveal three leadership elements of the female leader at Nurul Ummah Putri Islamic Boarding School (PPNU-Pi) by exploring the nature of leadership, the decision-making process, and the leadership style. This study is grounded on qualitative research using a case study approach through interviews, observation, and documentation. This study highlights that nyai as the female leader at PPNU-Pi possesses a firm, caring, intelligent, straightforward, communicative, and optimistic nature of leadership. The decision-making process at PPNU-Pi is conducted in a relatively modern way. It starts with identifying the problem. Then, it will be followed by looking for alternative solutions. After selecting alternatives which are conducted together with the female leader, they will implement the solution. After applying the solution, there is a trial period to see how effective the solution has been implemented. Finally, this study discusses the implementation of female leader leadership in PPNU-Pi, which represents essential characteristics of transformational leadership such as female leader as an ideal influence, inspirational and motivational leader, and intellectual stimulators.
The Implementation of Ijtihād Jamā'iy in MUI's Fatwa Commission
Authors: Bahrudin Moh. , Suryanto Tulus , Aslam Mohd Mizan Bin Mohammad
Published: April 2021

The Holy Quran and Sunnah contain universal values that require correct reasoning to be understood and applied by the Muslims. In this context, the scholars have been justified by Allah Almighty to undertake the ijtihād and ijmā’. This study aims to describe the ijtihād jamā’iy (collective ijtihād theory), as well as to analyze the imple­mentation of ijtihād jamā’iy at MUI’s Fatwa Commission in Lampung. This study is a combination of literature and field research. The data were obtained through literature studies of books, articles, and journals in related issues. Besides, the authors also interviewed MUI members to gain deeper information. Theoretically, the contemporary ijmā’ process can be pursued by an independent forum to conduct studies until a consensus is obtained from the majority of the participants. The panel must involve all religious elements in a representative manner. The practice of establishing Islamic law carried out by MUI’s Fatwa Commission of Lampung Province is in accordance with the concept of ijtihād jamā’iy in the science of uṣūl fiqh. This analysis is important so that people have a high level of compliance after knowing that the MUI Lampung fatwa is ijma, which in fact is one of the sources of Islamic law.
Investigating the effect of hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor in increasing the capability of slurry photocatalytic process in dye removal
Authors: Rahmati Roxana , Nayebi Behnam , Ayati Bita
Published: April 2021

The hydrogen peroxide role in photocatalytic degradation of an anionic azo dye, Acid Orange 7 (AO7), was investigated in a slurry reactor. Commercial ZnO nanoparticles with an average size between 10 to 30 nm were used as catalysts. Optimum conditions for different parameters, including dye concentration (10–100 mg/L), catalyst concentration (0.1–0.5 g/L), and pH (5–10), were determined first in the absence of H2O2. Changes in the COD were measured for the optimum condition. The impact of adding hydrogen peroxide at different concentrations to the system operating at optimum conditions was investigated. It was observed that 0.416 mM hydrogen peroxide increased the system's efficiency and decreased reaction time by 40 min. The reaction followed first-order kinetic. Hydrogen peroxide alone did not contribute to oxidizing the contaminant, and its positive impact was attributed to decreasing electron-hole recombination in the photocatalytic process. Not only can the hydrogen peroxide-assisted photocatalytic process decrease retention time in treatment units, but it can also result in more contaminant degradation. Therefore, it can reduce the treatment cost.
O teatro shakespeariano em tradução no Brasil
Authors: José Roberto O’Shea
Published: April 2021

Discorrer sobre a recepção da poesia dramática de William Shakespeare em tradução no Brasil requer um panorama que abranja literatura, cinema e televisão – além do teatro, é claro. E qualquer avaliação, por mais breve que seja, da chegada de Shakespeare entre nós não pode prescindir de referência à história de rebatimentos culturais europeus desde o início do nosso processo de colonização. Embora os portugueses tenham iniciado a colonização já em 1500, teatros e outros tipos de espaços formais para as artes só se tornaram disponíveis nos centros políticos do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador e Manaus no século XVIII.
A internacionalização da capoeira: o consumo produtivo por praticantes argentinos
Authors: Fabio Luiz Loureiro  , Rodrigo Lema Del Rio Martins  , André da Silva Mello
Published: April 2021

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar o consumo produtivo que praticantes argentinos fazem da capoeira. Interessa-nos compreender as figuras do aprender que eles valorizam nas relações que estabelecem com esse patrimônio imaterial da cultura brasileira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo-interpretativo que tem como fonte um grupo focal com seis capoeiristas argentinos. Os dados sinalizam que, na relação com a capoeira, os argentinos valorizam, para além da prática, figuras do aprender associadas às dimensões relacionais e conceituais dessa manifestação cultural. Embora haja o interesse pela preservação das tradições e dos rituais da capoeira, o consumo produtivo que os participantes argentinos dela fazem denota apropriação autoral, marcada pelo contexto sociocultural em que estão inseridos e por questões de ordem pessoal.
Botequins que são “patrimônio cultural carioca”: um estudo baseado em Online Travel Reviews
Authors: Joice Lavandoski  , Carla Fraga
Published: April 2021

A gastronomia é um bem cultural para o turismo. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro existem 29 botequins reconhecidos como “patrimônio cultural carioca” pelo Instituto Rio Patrimônio da Humanidade (IRPH), entre 2011 e 2017. O botequim é um estabelecimento que nasce na sociabilidade e na comensalidade, e na cidade do Rio de Janeiro representa parte da alma e do jeito de ser carioca. Este estudo exploratório, descritivo e amostral faz uma análise da relação entre turismo e gastronomia com base em cinco botequins patrimonializados da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), utilizando Online Travel Reviews (OTRs), disponíveis no website TripAdvisor. A pesquisa utiliza os softwares ParseHub e Iramuteq para, respectivamente, coletar e realizar a análise textual dos comentários on-line dos botequins. O corpus textual foi composto por 1.699 comentários compreendendo o período de oito anos, desde a existência do primeiro decreto que chancela alguns botequins como patrimônio cultural imaterial. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio da análise de similitude e de nuvem de palavras. O estudo permite compreender atributos (tipo e quantidade de comida servida, qualidade da comida e do serviço prestado), fatores que podem impactar diretamente na satisfação do consumidor e, portanto, na sua experiência gastronômica no destino turístico.
Contrastes na terra do café: São Paulo entre a publicidade e a crônica nos anos 1920
Authors: Ana Luíza Mello Santiago de Andrade
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem por intenção discutir como determinados locais de sociabilidade, especialmente os dedicados ao comer e ao beber, apresentaram alterações significativas na vida urbana paulistana no início do século XX. O que se busca é compreender as formas de sociabilidades modernas, em que o comer fora de casa, mais que atitude natural que visa à alimentação para suprir necessidades, esteve carregada de valores simbólicos e distinção social. Articulados à formação do gosto e à distinção social, verifica-se que os padrões higiênicos e o discurso médico estiveram presentes em diversas esferas da sociedade: nos lares, nas obras estruturais, nos cuidados com o corpo e a saúde, mas também nos estabelecimentos comerciais destinados à alimentação. Tais aspectos apontam para a alimentação como prática de lazer e de convívio social que agitou a vida urbana da metrópole em construção, e o que se vê é uma adequação de São Paulo ao chamado mundo civilizado. Foram pesquisadas e tabuladas as edições do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, entre os anos de 1920 e 1929, compreendendo que a imprensa periódica atuou de forma pedagógica nessa tentativa de incluir São Paulo no mundo civilizado, contudo também exerceu papel de vigilância das novas práticas urbanas, notadamente por meio de crônicas e também de anúncios de casas comerciais destinadas ao comer e ao beber: restaurantes, confeitarias, leiterias, bonbonnières, salões de chá. A intenção é perceber as divergências entre o que anunciava a publicidade e o controle da vida social por meio da coluna de crônicas, entendendo-as como pequenos textos dedicados a tratar de temas próprios do cotidiano da vida urbana.
Conceitos de Gastronomia: um debate sobre dissonâncias e convergências na literatura científica
Authors: Cláudia Mesquita Pinto Soares  , Rafael Cunha Ferro  , Beatriz Helena Peixoto Brandão  , Barbara Cassetari Sugizaki  , Gabriela Brito de Lima Silva  , Thiago José Ferraz Mourão  , Túlio Martins de Oliveira  , Filipe Pessoa dos Santos
Published: April 2021

A Gastronomia tem sido tema de contínuos debates no campo acadêmico brasileiro desde o surgimento de seus cursos superiores no fim da década de 1990, porém, até então, conceitos que auxiliariam na compreensão desse campo de estudo têm sido pouco pesquisados. Este ensaio explorou as dissonâncias e convergências dos conceitos de Gastronomia presentes na literatura científica. Os textos analisados foram selecionados por conveniência pelo grupo de pesquisadores em Gastronomia intitulado “GT – O que é Gastronomia?”, constituído em meio à pandemia da Covid-19. Foi possível identificar que os conceitos de Gastronomia se dividem em duas linhas de pensamento: uma normativa, com origens na sociedade moderna francesa, baseada em pressupostos de distinção social e normas civilizatórias; e outra inclusiva, com caráter agregador, envolvendo novos atores sociais e possibilitando a sociabilização de saberes em um contexto globalizado. Por vezes, os autores incidem em uma visão reducionista sobre o conceito de Gastronomia, eximindo-se de sua inerente complexidade. Por outro lado, nota-se o esforço de alguns autores em instituir um caráter científico à Gastronomia. Ao final, propõem-se futuras reflexões para a constituição de uma Gastronomia autônoma no cenário brasileiro.
Strategy for the Enrichment of Protein Biomarkers from Diverse Bacterial Select Agents
Authors: Sabna Sasikumar , Kamboj Dev Vrat , Kumar Ravi Bhushan , Babele Prabhakar , Rajoria Sakshi , Gupta Mahendra Kumar , Alam Syed Imteyaz
Published: April 2021

Background:

Some pathogenic bacteria can be potentially used for nefarious applications
in the event of bioterrorism or biowarfare. Accurate identification of biological agent from
clinical and diverse environmental matrices is of paramount importance for implementation of medical
countermeasures and biothreat mitigation.

Objective:

A novel methodology is reported here for the development of a novel enrichment strategy
for the generally conserved abundant bacterial proteins for an accurate downstream species identification
using tandem MS analysis in biothreat scenario.

Methods:

Conserved regions in the common bacterial protein markers were analyzed using bioinformatic
tools and stitched for a possible generic immuno-capture for an intended downstream
MS/MS analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of selected proteins was carried out and synthetic constructs
were generated for the expression of conserved stitched regions of 60 kDa chaperonin
GroEL. Hyper-immune serum was raised against recombinant synthetic GroEL protein.

Results:

The conserved regions of common bacterial proteins were stitched for a possible generic
immuno-capture and subsequent specific identification by tandem MS using variable regions of the
molecule. Phylogenetic analysis of selected proteins was carried out and synthetic constructs were
generated for the expression of conserved stitched regions of GroEL. In a proof-of-concept study,
hyper-immune serum raised against recombinant synthetic GroEL protein exhibited reactivity with
~60 KDa proteins from the cell lysates of three bacterial species tested.

Conclusion:

The envisaged methodology can lead to the development of a novel enrichment strategy
for the abundant bacterial proteins from complex environmental matrices for the downstream
species identification with increased sensitivity and substantially reduce the time-to-result.
Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Revisit
Authors: Cui Jiahua , Qian Jiajun , Chow Larry Ming-Cheung , Jia Jinping
Published: April 2021

Background:

The proposed central role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor
development has been extended to explain the diverse oncologic phenomena such as multidrug
resistance, metastasis and tumor recurrence in clinics. Due to the enhanced expression
of ATP-binding cassette transporters and anti-apoptotic factors, stagnation on G0
phase and the strong ability of self-renewal, the CSCs were highly resistant to clinical anticancer
drugs. Therefore, the discovery of new drug candidates that could effectively
eradicate cancer stem cells afforded promising outcomes in cancer therapy.

Objective:

Natural products and their synthetic analogues are a rich source of biologically
active compounds and several of them have already been recognized as potent CSCs
killers. We aim to provide a collection of recently identified natural products that suppressed
the survival of the small invasive CSC populations and combated the drug resistance
of these cells in chemotherapy.

Results:

These anti-CSCs natural products included flavonoids, stilbenes, quinones, terpenoids,
polyketide antibiotics, steroids and alkaloids. In the present review, we highlighted
the therapeutic potential of natural products and their derivatives against the proliferation
and drug resistance of CSCs, their working mechanisms and related structure-
activity relationships.

Conclusion:

Meanwhile, in this survey, several natural products with diverse cellular targets
such as the naphthoquinone shikonin and the stilbene resveratrol were characterized
as promising lead compounds for future development.