bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The etiology of the association between parental nurturance and youth antisocial behavior: Evidence from a twin differences study
Authors: Di Dio Alaina M. , Shewark Elizabeth A. , Thaler Daniel , Burt S. Alexandra
Published: August 2024

Background

Lower parental nurturance is consistently associated with higher levels of youth antisocial behavior (ASB), but the etiology of this association remains unclear. To fill this gap, we employed a twin differences approach to illuminate the environmental and genetic origins of the association between parental nurturance and children's ASB.

Methods

Participants were 2060 twins (49% female) ages 6–10 from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Parental nurturance and youth ASB were assessed using multiple measures (e.g., questionnaires, interviews) and informant reports (e.g., twins, parents, teachers). Co‐twin difference‐score correlations were analyzed separately by zygosity using specification curve analysis, an exhaustive modeling approach that examined associations across all possible specifications of the nurturance and ASB data.

Results

Parental nurturance demonstrated clear, negatively signed associations with youth ASB at the individual level. However, these associations generally did not persist within twin pairs. We observed no significant twin difference correlations within monozygotic (MZ) pairs and only a handful of significant twin difference correlations among dizygotic (DZ) pairs, in which the DZ co‐twin who experienced more nurturance exhibited less ASB. Post‐hoc analyses in these data revealed that these associations differed markedly from those with harsh parenting that suggested environmental influences on youth ASB.

Conclusions

These results strongly argue against a causal influence of low parental nurturance on youth ASB, and instead suggest that genetic influences and shared environmental confounds underlie their association. Further, findings strongly suggest that different parenting behaviors are associated with child ASB via different etiologic mechanisms.
Stable transduction of the neonatal mouse liver using a hybrid rAAV/sleeping beauty transposon gene delivery system
Authors: Cunningham Sharon C. , Zakas Philip M. , Sasaki Natsuki , van Dijk Eva B. , Zhu Erhua , Fu Yanfang , Salomon William E. , Citorik Robert J. , Rubens Jacob R. , Cotta‐Ramusino Cecilia , Querbes William , Alexander Ian E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Conventional adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vectors, while highly effective in quiescent cells such as hepatocytes in the adult liver, confer less durable transgene expression in proliferating cells owing to episome loss. Sustained therapeutic success is therefore less likely in liver disorders requiring early intervention. We have previously developed a hybrid, dual virion approach, recombinant AAV (rAAV)/piggyBac transposon system capable of achieving stable gene transfer in proliferating hepatocytes at levels many fold above conventional AAV vectors. An alternative transposon system, Sleeping Beauty, has been widely used for ex vivo gene delivery; however liver‐targeted delivery using a hybrid rAAV/Sleeping Beauty approach remains relatively unexplored.

Methods

We investigated the capacity of a Sleeping Beauty (SB)‐based dual rAAV virion approach to achieve stable and efficient gene transfer to the newborn murine liver using transposable therapeutic cassettes encoding coagulation factor IX or ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC).

Results

At equivalent doses, rAAV/SB100X transduced hepatocytes with high efficiency, achieving stable expression into adulthood. Compared with conventional AAV, the proportion of hepatocytes transduced, and factor IX and OTC activity levels, were both markedly increased. The proportion of hepatocytes stably transduced increased 4‐ to 8‐fold from <5%, and activity levels increased correspondingly, with markedly increased survival and stable urinary orotate levels in the OTC‐deficient Spfash mouse following elimination of residual endogenous murine OTC.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates the first in vivo utility of a hybrid rAAV/SB100X transposon system to achieve stable long‐term therapeutic gene expression following delivery to the highly proliferative newborn mouse liver. These results have relevance to the treatment of genetic metabolic liver diseases with neonatal onset.
Explaining institutional change in Nepal and El Salvador: A cultural political economy approach to political settlements analysis
Authors: Cummings Clare
Published: August 2024

Understanding progressive institutional change remains a central concern in development studies. This paper examines two such cases: constitutional change in Nepal, which broadened political rights, and the outlawing of metal mining in El Salvador, which redistributed resources. To understand institutional change, this paper proposes a cultural political economy approach to Khan's ‘political settlements analysis’. Applying the proposed approach to these cases demonstrates how political movements organise around beliefs and identities as well as interests to achieve rights and status, not just material gain. Identifying cultural as well as material sources of power allows a fuller explanation of institutional change processes.
Structural and functional diversity of microbial communities in ancient mining sites from San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Martínez‐Toledo Ángeles , Ilizaliturri‐Hernández César A. , Torres‐Dosal Arturo , Briones‐Gallardo Roberto , Tintos‐Gómez Adrián , González‐Mille Donaji J.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on soil microbial community functionality and structure. Charcas and Cedral in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, are sites with ancient mining activity. This activity has generated heavy metals (HMs) polluted soils that provoke deleterious effects on microbial community. Sampling was conducted in sites with and without aged mining activity. The parameters analysed were physicochemical properties and PTE concentrations. Functional diversity was evaluated with a community‐level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis, diversity was evaluated using the richness (S), and the indices of Shannon's diversity (H), Simpson's dominance (D) and Pielou's evenness (J) were for the structure evaluation, based on relative substrate utilisation. CLPP results of set of soils indicated the following substrate utilisation pattern: carbohydrates > polymers (POL) > carboxylic/ketonic acids > amino acids (AmA) > amine/amides (A/A). In Cedral, the AmA utilisation favoured the increase of J value. In addition, it was observed that the utilisation of these compounds decreases at a higher concentration of Al and organic matter (OM) but increases at a higher concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ni, a phenomenon opposite to that was observed in Charcas. The results of set of soil indicated that AmA utilisation increases the values of S, J, D, and H. These results indicate that the microorganisms in soil are resistant to high PTE concentrations, in that condition they need accessible carbon sources as energy and as nutrients, however, they adapted to use complex carbon sources (POL). Furthermore, it presented low OM mineralisation despite high values of H, or J, then some metabolic processes could be compromised. Therefore, an intervention for soil conservation and monitoring is required.
Near‐Unity Narrow Green Emitting in Manganese Halides Realized by Direct Precipitation Synthesis
Authors: Dong Huimin , Sun Yiqun , Zhang Liangliang , Wu Dan , Shen He , Pan Guohui , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Jiahua
Published: August 2024

In the realm of light‐emitting diode (LED) displays, the search for an ideal green emitter has been a challenge. The desired efficient emission band ≈520 nm has proved elusive, with the commercially available β‐Sialon falling short due to its longer wavelength and limited efficiency. Even the next‐generation micro‐LED displays are not immune to this issue, as β‐Sialon lacks the solution‐processable properties required for such applications. Here, a bright manganese halide narrow green emitter with higher efficiency and wider color gamut is discovered, possessing additional solution‐processable properties that make it a superior alternative to β‐Sialon. Synthesized through a direct precipitation method, the particle shape of benzyl trimethylammonium manganese bromide (BTA2MnBr4, BTA: C10H16N) is well controlled, unlocking its near‐unity efficiency. The LED fabricated by BTA2MnBr4 showcases superior luminous efficiency compared to commercial β‐Sialon, while its color gamut reaches an impressive 110% National Televison System Committee (NTSC). Moreover, a good BTA2MnBr4 film is successfully fabricated using the spin coating method, boasting a film thickness of 220 nm and a smooth surface with a roughness of 4.18 nm. This study presents a remarkable and eco‐friendly narrow green emitter that can potentially lead to more sustainable and energy‐efficient displays in the future.
Dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy with Cylindrical Geometry: Application to the Comparison of Various Plasticizers of Thermoplastic Starch
Authors: Basson Jonathan , Carrot Christian , Chalamet Yvan , Mignard Nathalie
Published: August 2024

Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy is a common analysis for polymers. Rectangular specimens are usually used for measurement in the solid state due to their easy designing. However, in reason of the non‐symmetric shape of sample, rectangular specimens do not experience linear stress on their all body, leading to overestimation of shear modulus. Corrections are required to determine the right shear modulus. In this present work, straight shear modulus determination is carried out using specimens with a cylindrical shape. The reliability of the technique is described on a biosourced polymer materials made of thermoplastic starch, plasticized by glycerol, choline chloride/urea mixture (ChCl/U), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐imidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac). The technique is shown to be particularly interesting to avoid any additional shaping of the specimens prior to measurements, that can be detrimental to their properties (evaporation, degradation). A comparison between cylinder and rectangular specimen has also been made to illustrate the interest of cylinder clamping on biosourced polymer material.
Mega‐influencers and brand dynamics: Shaping attitudes toward leading and challenger brands through electronic word of mouth
Authors: Rialti Riccardo , Zollo Lamberto , Kim Kacy , Yoon Sukki
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper is to explore how mega‐influencers' electronic word of mouth (eWOM) messages on social media influence consumers' brand attitudes in duopolistic markets. Through three experimental studies, we observe that when mega‐influencers send positive (vs. negative) eWOM messages about a leading brand, followers form positive (vs. negative) brand attitudes, but these effects fail to occur when influencers back challenger brands. The findings are consistent across three duopolistic market rivals (Apple vs. Samsung; UPS vs. FedEx; Nike vs. Adidas), three social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and X), and four mega‐influencers (Marques Brownlee, Gary Vaynerchuk, Kanye West, and Kylie Jenner). Findings indicate that mega‐influencers have more persuasive power when recommending or criticizing leading brands rather than challenger brands, irrespective of their follower base. The findings contribute to the marketing literature by showing that in duopolistic market contexts, mega‐influencers' e‐WOM has varied effects on followers' brand attitudes, depending on brand status in the market.
A generalized signal model for dual‐module velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling
Authors: Liu Thomas T. , Chen Conan , Guo Jia , Wong Eric C. , Bolar Divya S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To develop a generalized signal model for dual‐module velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (dm‐VSASL) that can integrate arbitrary saturation and inversion profiles.

Theory and Methods

A recently developed mathematical framework for single‐module VSASL is extended to address the increased complexity of dm‐VSASL and to model the use of realistic velocity‐selective profiles in the label‐control and vascular crushing modules. Expressions for magnetization difference, arterial delivery functions, labeling efficiency, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimation error are presented. Sources of error are examined and timing requirements to minimize quantification errors are derived.

Results

For ideal velocity‐selective profiles, the predicted signals match those of prior work. With realistic profiles, a CBF‐dependent estimation error can occur when velocity‐selective inversion (VSI) is used for the labeling modules and velocity‐selective saturation (VSS) is used for the vascular crushing module. The error reflects a mismatch between the leading and trailing edges of the delivery function for the second bolus and can be minimized by choosing a nominal labeling cutoff velocity that is lower than the nominal saturation cutoff velocity. In the presence of and inhomogeneities, the labeling efficiency of dual‐module VSI is more attenuated than that of dual‐module VSS.

Conclusion

The proposed signal model will enable researchers to more accurately assess and compare the performance of realistic dm‐VSASL implementations and improve the quantification of dm‐VSASL CBF measures.
A human brain atlas of χ‐separation for normative iron and myelin distributions
Authors: Min Kyeongseon , Sohn Beomseok , Kim Woo Jung , Park Chae Jung , Song Soohwa , Shin Dong Hoon , Chang Kyung Won , Shin Na‐Young , Kim Minjun , Shin Hyeong‐Geol , Lee Phil Hyu , Lee Jongho
Published: August 2024

Iron and myelin are primary susceptibility sources in the human brain. These substances are essential for a healthy brain, and their abnormalities are often related to various neurological disorders. Recently, an advanced susceptibility mapping technique, which is referred to as χ‐separation (pronounced as “chi”‐separation), has been proposed, successfully disentangling paramagnetic iron from diamagnetic myelin. This method provided a new opportunity for generating high‐resolution iron and myelin maps of the brain. Utilizing this technique, this study constructs a normative χ‐separation atlas from 106 healthy human brains. The resulting atlas provides detailed anatomical structures associated with the distributions of iron and myelin, clearly delineating subcortical nuclei, thalamic nuclei, and white matter fiber bundles. Additionally, susceptibility values in a number of regions of interest are reported along with age‐dependent changes. This atlas may have direct applications such as localization of subcortical structures for deep brain stimulation or high‐intensity focused ultrasound and also serve as a valuable resource for future research.
Multiple ways to bend the curve of biodiversity loss: An analytical framework to support transformative change
Authors: Mehring Marion , Brietzke Anna S. , Kleemann Janina , Knauß Stefan , Poßer Christian , Schreiner Vera , Wittmer Heidi , Albert Christian , Fürst Christine , Grunewald Karsten , Kolkmann Michael , Lettenmaier Ludwig , Sanders Tanja G. M. , Schleyer Christian , Settele Josef , Straka Tanja M. , Hauck Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Humans are significantly impacting ecosystems worldwide. Scientists of the IPBES Global Assessment are therefore calling for a transformative change that includes all aspects of society in order to address drivers of biodiversity loss. However, these calls are rather abstract, and thus it remains unclear how this goal can be achieved.

With this conceptual contribution, we present an analytical framework for evaluating existing processes of societal change which are enhancing biodiversity, and we illustrate its application using three case studies in Germany. We argue that an empirical analysis provides insights into the causal mechanisms that initiate or promote change processes. In doing so, we can draw recommendations for future transformative change processes with regard to biodiversity conservation. In our analysis, we are dealing with questions concerning the following three areas: the drivers and context of societal change processes, the change processes themselves and finally their impacts.

Subsequently, we generate recommendations on how to enhance and support the process of future societal transformation that aims at biodiversity conservation: (a) Retaining co‐benefits for biodiversity with goals that are primarily focussing on other objectives; (b) harmonising biodiversity use and conservation by turning conflicts into drivers of transformation; (c) prioritising biodiversity conservation by taking advantage of windows of opportunity.

With our conceptual framework, we provide an analytical tool to learn from existing processes of societal change how to support future transformative change. This is an important step that contributes to the generation of relevant knowledge of promoting transformative change for nature and people.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Structural Classification Insights Into the Plant Defensive Peptides
Authors: Setyawati Inda , Husaini Ahmad Fadhlullah , Setiawan Aprijal Ghiyas , Artika I. Made , Ambarsari Laksmi , Nurcholis Waras , Vidilaseris Keni , Kurniatin Popi Asri
Published: August 2024

This study presents a structural phylogenetic analysis of plant defensive peptides, revealing their evolutionary relationships, structural diversification, and functional adaptations. Utilizing a robust dataset comprising both experimental and predicted structures sourced from the RCSB Protein Data Bank and AlphaFold DB, we constructed a detailed phylogenetic tree to elucidate the distinct evolutionary paths of plant defensive peptide families. Our findings showcase the evolutionary intricacies of defensive peptides, highlighting their diversity and the conservation of key structural motifs critical to their antimicrobial or defensive functions. The results also underscore the adaptive significance of defensive peptides in plant evolution, highlighting their roles in responding to ecological pressures and pathogen interactions.
Near‐surface wind profiles from numerical model predictions. Part I: Algorithms and comparisons with wind profile based on Monin–Obukhov similarity theory
Authors: Ma Yimin
Published: August 2024

Winds are predicted on the discrete grid of numerical weather and climate models. Winds distribute nonlinearly on the height in the near‐surface layer, and a 10 m wind prediction within the layer is often diagnosed upon the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory flux–profile relationship determined from winds at the lowest grid level, the near‐surface atmospheric stability, and surface properties, which leads to concerns that systemic biases may be introduced to the diagnosed wind. Algorithms are proposed to derive near‐surface wind profiles from the grid‐based numerical model forecasts at multiple model levels under the framework of momentum conservations with an implicit solution, associated with simple logarithmic plus linear interpolation in exceptional exemptional conditions. The diagnosed wind profile coheres to the model prediction at the grid level and exhibits differences from the profile using the conventional scheme in the quasi‐steady thermal stratification and non‐steady transitional conditions, retreating to the same logarithmic profile in the neutral condition.
Can FDG‐PET after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus nivolumab predict residual disease in non‐small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Iguchi Hideto , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Hirai Yoshimitsu , Nakaya Takahito , Fusamoto Aya , Yata Yumi , Nagai Takahiro , Kitahara Daiki , Takakura Toshiaki , Nishimura Yoshiharu , Yamamoto Nobuyuki
Published: August 2024

Neoadjuvant therapy with nivolumab improves event‐free survival (EFS) in patients with resectable non‐small cell lung cancer, and a pathological complete response is a predictor of longer EFS. We assessed metabolic responses using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) before and after neoadjuvant treatment to explore its surrogacy for pathological complete response (pCR). We describe three patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant therapy with nivolumab plus chemotherapy, followed by surgery. In Cases 1 and 2, preoperative tumour response were PR per RECIST and demonstrated marked metabolic response on FDG‐PET after neoadjuvant therapy, with both resected tumours showing a pCR. On the other hand, Case 3 showed a tumour response before surgery (PR per RECIST), however, the tumour, maintained FDG uptake (19.5 → 15.1), and the resected tumour remained residual cells (RVT, 15%). Thus, reduction of FDG uptake on FDG‐PET can predict the pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy with nivolumab.
Nanosized Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Construction of Transparent Membranes as a Multiresponsive Optical Gas Sensor
Authors: Moscoso Francisco G. , Romero‐Guerrero Juan J. , Rodriguez‐Lucena David , Pedrosa José María , Carrillo‐Carrión Carolina
Published: August 2024

The well‐known and excellent colorimetric sensing capacity of porphyrins, along with the exceptional structural properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), make porphyrin‐based MOFs, such as PCN‐222, ideal candidates for the construction of a chemical sensor based on absorbance. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, no high‐quality porphyrin‐based MOF gas sensors have been developed to date, most likely due to the difficulties in: 1) preparing nanosized porphyrin‐MOFs to minimize scattering in absorbance measurements; and 2) incorporating MOFs into transparent membranes for practical use. Herein, a simple and fast microwave‐assisted method for preparing high‐quality nanosized PCN‐222 crystals and their metalated derivatives PCN‐222(M) is reported to finely tune the sensing response. Next, the successful dispersion of these PCN‐222(M) nanoparticles into poly(dimethylsiloxane) to create flexible and transparent membranes is demonstrated. This integration yields a multiresponsive optical gas sensor exhibiting excellent sensitivity and the ability to discriminate between various volatile organic compounds via pattern recognition identification.
F for Fantastic: Fostering Stability and Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells via Comb‐Like Perfluoroalkyl‐g‐Polyethylenimine Additive
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Hu Chongzhu , Li Yuheng , Xiong Qiu , Li Tinghao , Wang Can , Li Chi , Liang Lusheng , Zhang Ni , Li Feng , Liu Chunming , Fan Weihang , Lien Shui‐Yang , Gao Peng
Published: August 2024

Additive engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to address the inherent instability challenges of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the pursuit of commercial viability. However, achieving multifunctionality using a singular additive remains a considerable challenge. In this study, a novel comb‐like multifunctional perfluoroalkyl‐g‐polyethylenimmonium iodide (FPEI·HI) as additives to the PbI2 precursor solution to facilitate the formation of high‐quality and water‐resistant perovskite films is presented. FPEI·HI establishes robust interactions with both formamidinium iodide (FAI) and PbI2, mediated by hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid‐base interactions. These interactions play a pivotal role in simultaneously passivating negative and positive charged defects within the perovskite structure. Furthermore, the inclusion of perfluoroalkyl chains serves as resilience against moisture intrusion. As a consequence of these effects, a notably high device efficiency of 24.29% is achieved, demonstrating comprehensive improvement in various photovoltaic parameters compared to the control device (22.51%). Notably, unencapsulated devices exhibit remarkable stability in high‐humidity environments, retaining 90% of their initial efficiency even after 2500 h of storage. This work underscores the efficacy of FPEI·HI as a critical enabler for enhancing the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells, marking a significant stride toward their commercialization.
The fate of FAIT: Salvaging the Fed's framework
Authors: Beckworth David , Horan Patrick J.
Published: August 2024

The Federal Reserve's transition to a flexible average inflation targeting (FAIT) framework in 2020 has come under intense scrutiny, given its failure to prevent the recent inflation surge. These developments are the result of both a public misunderstanding about how FAIT works and the challenges created by the asymmetric design of the framework. As a result, some observers have called on the Federal Reserve to abandon FAIT and return to its previous framework. This paper, however, argues that FAIT should not be abandoned but improved upon by applying symmetry to its makeup policy and treatment of supply shocks. Doing so would give FAIT the properties of a nominal GDP‐level target. This paper calls this proposed framework FAIT‐N and shows how to operationalize it using a measure called the NGDP gap.
Identifying and validating necroptosis‐associated features to predict clinical outcome and immunotherapy response in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Yuan Qinghua , Gao Weida , Guo Mian , Liu Bo
Published: August 2024

Background

Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. This work developed a prognostic glioblastoma (GBM) model based on necroptosis‐related genes.

Methods

RNA‐Seq data were collected from the TCGA database. The “WGCNA” method was used to identify co‐expression modules, based on which GO and KEGG analyses were conducted. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was compiled. The number of key prognostic genes was reduced applying COX regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis to build a RiskScore model. Differences in immune microenvironments were assessed using CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, MCP‐count, and TIMER databases. The potential impact of key prognostic genes on GBM was validated by cellular experiments.

Results

GBM patients in the higher necroptosis score group had higher immune scores and worse survival. The Brown module, which was closely related to the necroptosis score, was considered as a key gene module. Three key genes (GZMB, PLAUR, SOCS3) were obtained by performing regression analysis on the five clusters. The RiskScore model was significantly, positively, correlated with necroptosis score. Low‐risk patients could benefit from immunotherapy, while high‐risk patients may be more suitable to take multiple chemotherapy drugs. The nomogram showed strong performance in survival prediction. GZMB, PLAUR, and SOCS3 played key roles in GBM development. Among them, high‐expressed GZMB was related to the invasive and migratory abilities of GBM cells.

Conclusions

A genetic signature associated with necroptosis was developed, and we constructed a RiskScore model to provide reference for predicting clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses of patients with GBM.
Shared molecular signatures between systemic lupus erythematosus and osteoporosis
Authors: Yuan Xin , Zheng Ze‐mao , Lai Weinan
Published: August 2024

This study explores the molecular interplay between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and osteoporosis (OP), aiming to uncover shared gene signatures and pathways for better treatment approaches. Leveraging microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we employed weighted gene coexpression network analysis to identify coexpression modules in SLE and OP, with subsequent protein–protein interaction analysis clarifying the connections among shared genes. Key genes were pinpointed using CytoHubba and random forest algorithms, validated across independent GEO datasets, and further analyzed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration studies. We discovered two highly correlated modules in SLE and OP, isolating 30 shared genes and identifying GBP1, SOCS1, IFI16, and XAF1 as central to both conditions. Notably, XAF1 and GBP1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the peripheral blood of SLE patients compared with healthy and RA counterparts, underscoring their potential as biomarkers. GSEA and immune infiltration analyses indicated pronounced immune and inflammatory responses, especially in interferon signaling pathways, implicating these core‐shared gene networks in the diseases' pathogenesis. The findings highlight the involvement of GBP1, SOCS1, IFI16, and XAF1 in SLE with concurrent OP and suggest that targeting immune and inflammatory responses, particularly through interferon pathways, may offer therapeutic promise for these intertwined conditions.
Deciphering the role of lipid metabolism and acetylation in osteosarcoma: A comprehensive molecular analysis
Authors: Wen Yong , Zhang Xijiang , Zhang Jin , Lu Zhisheng
Published: August 2024

Osteosarcoma, known for its rapid progression and high metastatic potential, poses significant challenges in adolescent oncology. This study delves into the roles of lipid metabolism and acetylation genes in the disease's pathogenesis. Utilizing gene set variation analysis, we examined 14 lipid metabolism‐related pathways in osteosarcoma patients, identifying significant variances in three pathways between metastatic and primary cases. Additionally, differences in four acetylation genes between these groups were observed. A comprehensive analysis pinpointed 62 lipid metabolism‐related genes, with 39 exhibiting significant correlations with acetylation genes, termed lipid metabolism acetylation (LMA) genes. Employing machine learning techniques like Lasso+RSF and GBM, we developed a predictive model for overall survival based on LMA genes. This model, with an average c‐index of 0.771, focuses on three key genes: CYP2C8, PAFAH2, and ACOX3, whose prognostic value was confirmed through survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Quantitative RT‐PCR results indicated higher expression levels of ACOX3 and PAFAH2 in OS cells (143B, HOS, MG63) than in osteoblasts (hFOB1.19), while CYP2C8 was lower in OS cells. Furthermore, drug sensitivity analysis through the pRRophetic algorithm suggested potential targeted therapies, revealing drugs with differential sensitivity based on LMA scores and varied treatment responses related to the expression of core genes. This study not only highlights the crucial role of lipid metabolism and acetylation in osteosarcoma but also offers a foundation for personalized treatment strategies, marking a notable advancement in combating this severe form of adolescent cancer.
Interview Analysis: Remembering Marielle Franco
Authors: Merian Katharina
Published: August 2024

In the following pages, I will provide an analysis of the meaning of Marielle Franco’s trajectory in the context of Rio de Janeiro and how it was transformed through her assassination. The analysis is grounded in ten interviews done with some of Franco’s ex-staff members and people that accompanied her trajectory closely. The results will be interpreted in Chap. 4, which focuses on the aspect of memory. Interesting details in the data on Marielle Franco that are not central to the question of memory will be commented on in the footnotes of this chapter.
Discussion: Toward a Decolonial Dangerous Memory of Individual and Collective Self-Empowerment
Authors: Merian Katharina
Published: August 2024

This chapter contains a discussion of the results of the data analysis in the previous chapter. In the first part, I will interpret the data from the perspective of Johann Baptist Metz’s concept of dangerous memory. This concept served as the main sensitizing concept in the data analysis; that is, it helped identify meaningful aspects in the interviews collected for this study. As shown below, the concept represents a plausible starting point for understanding the meaning of the memory of Marielle Franco in the present, but there are also limits to the concept. For this reason, I will also explore new ways of interpreting the memory of Franco that go beyond Metz. My reading of the memory of Franco in this chapter will form the basis for a decolonial understanding of dangerous memory in Chap. 5.
How Firms Utilize the Data Provided by Space Firms
Authors: Haq Hafiz
Published: August 2024

This study posits some of the fundamental questions in the development of the new space economy and highlights the ways space data can be used in firms. The excess satellite data produced from nanosats leave gaps from the point of view of value creation and adoption in various business sectors. The project includes four interviews from industry and academic institutions to gather data about space data adoption and development. The interviews were conducted in Finland. The study uses opportunity creation/development lens as a basis to evaluate space data availability in various business activities. The findings include identifying key parameters before the adoption of space data in new product development. The study further emphasizes the available infrastructure and platforms for space data adoption. However, the lack of skill and knowledge present a great challenge for firms to incorporate space data in product development.
The New Space Ecosystem: Insights from the Architecture of Digital Platforms
Authors: Abed Alghani Khaled , Kohtamäki Marko , Kuusniemi Heidi
Published: August 2024

Originally confined to the governmental sector, the space ecosystem has recently undergone a transformative shift with the private sector’s penetration redefining the established dynamics. Concurrently, the advent of digitalization and the influence of the capitalist mindset have contributed to a further reshaping of the space ecosystem. This convergence of forces signaled the dawn of the “New Space” era, prompting architectural modifications across the entire ecosystem. However, a comprehensive understanding of the architecture of the New Space Ecosystem remains elusive. Therefore, our primary objective is to conduct a systematic review to unveil and elucidate the architectural intricacies of the New Space Ecosystem. In our investigation, we have identified remarkable parallels between the architecture of the digital platform ecosystem and that of the New Space. Consequently, we posit that leveraging the existing literature on digital platform ecosystems may serve as a valuable bedrock for unraveling the complexities inherent in the New Space Ecosystem. Accordingly, our study makes three substantial contributions: (1) identifying the key dynamics that have shaped the architecture of the New Space Ecosystem, (2) delineating the distinct layers composing the New Space Ecosystem, and (3) proposing a prospective research agenda derived from the parallels drawn with the digital platform ecosystem.
Exploring Emerging Business Model Value Chains in New Space
Authors: Baber William W. , Ojala Arto
Published: August 2024

Over the past twenty years, business activities related to opportunities provided by New Space have undergone constant change. These changes challenge existing business models and value chains. In this work, we discuss these changes based on the literature, expert interviews, and case examples from the industry. We demonstrate eight different value chains in New Space business. These include conventional value chains as well novel ones, all in the context of space business. The value chains investigated are at different levels of abstraction and include data, hardware, intellectual property, prestige, mission planning, tourism, and space services. The eighth value chain is an aggregated overview of the whole of New Space business. Furthermore, we discuss business opportunities within these value chains and provide insights into totally new business model value chains that are emerging in New Space. Lastly, we consider feedback loops in the value chains of New Space that should be understood by academic researchers and business managers.
Effects of chronic insecticide exposure on neuronal network development in vitro in rat cortical cultures
Authors: van Melis Lennart V. J. , Peerdeman Anneloes M. , González Celia Arenas , van Kleef Regina G. D. M. , Wopken J. Pepijn , Westerink Remco H. S.
Published: August 2024

Developmental exposure to carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids has been associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. Sex-specific differences following chronic insecticide exposure are rather common in vivo. Therefore, we assessed the chronic effects of in vitro exposure to different carbamates (carbaryl, methomyl and aldicarb), organophosphates [chlorpyrifos (CPF), chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO), and 3,5,6,trichloropyridinol (TCP)], and pyrethroids [permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and 3-phenoxy benzoic acid (3-PBA)] on neuronal network development in sex-separated rat primary cortical cultures using micro-electrode array (MEA) recordings. Our results indicate that exposure for 1 week to carbaryl inhibited neurodevelopment in male cultures, while a hyperexcitation was observed in female cultures. Methomyl and aldicarb evoked a hyperexcitation after 2 weeks of exposure, which was more pronounced in female cultures. In contrast to acute MEA results, exposure to ≥ 10 µM CPF caused hyperexcitation in both sexes after 10 days. Interestingly, exposure to 10 µM CPO induced a clear hyperexcitation after 10 days of exposure in male but not female cultures. Exposure to 100 µM CPO strongly inhibited neuronal development. Exposure to the type I pyrethroid permethrin resulted in a hyperexcitation at 10 µM and a decrease in neuronal development at 100 µM. In comparison, exposure to ≥ 10 µM of the type II pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin decreased neuronal development. In female but not in male cultures, exposure to 1 and 10 µM permethrin changed (network) burst patterns, with female cultures having shorter (network) bursts with fewer spikes per (network) burst. Together, these results show that MEA recordings are suitable for measuring sex-specific developmental neurotoxicity in vitro. Additionally, pyrethroid exposure induced effects on neuronal network development at human-relevant concentrations. Finally, chronic exposure has different effects on neuronal functioning compared to acute exposure, highlighting the value of both exposure paradigms.
Nucleophagy in Aspergillus oryzae is Mediated by Autophagosome Formation and Vacuole-Mediated Degradation
Authors: Hashimoto Mau , Kimura Satoshi , Arioka Manabu
Published: August 2024

We previously reported autophagy-mediated degradation of nuclei, nucleophagy, in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. In this study, we examined whether nuclei are degraded as a whole. We generated A. oryzae mutants deleted for orthologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPT7 and ATG15 which are required, respectively, for autophagosome-vacuole fusion and vacuolar degradation of autophagic bodies. Degradation of histone H2B-EGFP under starvation conditions was greatly decreased in the ΔAoypt7 and ΔAoatg15 mutants. Fluorescence and electron microscopic observations showed that autophagosomes and autophagic bodies surrounding the entire nuclei were accumulated in the cytoplasm of ΔAoypt7 and the vacuole of ΔAoatg15, respectively. These results indicate that nuclei are engulfed in the autophagosomes as a whole and transported/released into the vacuolar lumen where they are degraded.
Differential effect of surgical technique on intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tsuboi Ichiro , Matsukawa Akihiro , Kardoust Parizi Mehdi , Klemm Jakob , Schulz Robert J , Cadenar Anna , Mancon Stefano , Chiujdea Sever , Fazekas Tamás , Miszczyk Marcin , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Kawada Tatsushi , Katayama Satoshi , Iwata Takehiro , Bekku Kensuke , Wada Koichiro , Gontero Paolo , Rouprêt Morgan , Teoh Jeremy , Singla Nirmish , Araki Motoo , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: August 2024

Context

Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff resection is the standard treatment in patients with high-risk upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). However, it is unclear which specific surgical technique may lead to improve oncological outcomes in term of intravesical recurrence (IVR) in patients with UTUC.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of surgical techniques and approaches of RNU in reducing IVR in UTUC patients.

Evidence Acquisition

Three databases were queried in January 2024 for studies analyzing UTUC patients who underwent RNU. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of IVR among various types of surgical techniques and approaches of RNU.

Evidence Synthesis

Thirty-one studies, comprising 1 randomized controlled trial and 1 prospective study, were included for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The rate of IVR was significantly lower in RNU patients who had an early ligation (EL) of the ureter compared to those who did not (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44–0.94, p = 0.02). Laparoscopic RNU significantly increased the IVR compared to open RNU (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.54, p < 0.001). Intravesical bladder cuff removal significantly reduced the IVR compared to both extravesical and transurethral bladder cuff removal (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51–0.83, p = 0.02 and HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15–2.34, p = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusions

EL of the affected upper tract system, ureteral management, open RNU, and intravesical bladder cuff removal seem to yield the lowest IVR rate in patients with UTUC. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to conclusively elucidate the optimal surgical technique in the setting of single post-operative intravesical chemotherapy.
Genotypic spectrum of ABCA4-associated retinal degenerations in 211 unrelated Mexican patients: identification of 22 novel disease-causing variants
Authors: Chacon-Camacho Oscar F. , Xilotl-de Jesús Nancy , Calderón-Martínez Ernesto , Ordoñez-Labastida Vianey , Neria-Gonzalez M. Isabel , Villafuerte-de la Cruz Rocío , Martinez-Rojas Augusto , Zenteno Juan Carlos
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze and molecularly describe the largest group of patients with ABCA4-associated retinal degeneration in Latin America. Pathogenic variants in ABCA4, a member of the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters superfamily, is one of the most common causes of inherited visual deficiency in humans. Retinal phenotypes associated with genetic defects in ABCA4 are collectively known as ABCA4-associated retinal degenerations (ABCA4R), a group of recessively inherited disorders associated with a high allelic heterogeneity. While large groups of Caucasian and Asiatic individuals suffering from ABCA4R have been well characterized, molecular information from certain ethnic groups is limited or unavailable, precluding a more realistic knowledge of ABCA4-related mutational profile worldwide. In this study, we describe the molecular findings of a large group of 211 ABCA4R index cases from Mexico. Genotyping was performed using either next generation sequencing (NGS) of a retinal dystrophy genes panel or exome. ABCA4 targeted mutation testing was applied to a subgroup of subjects in whom founder mutations were suspected. A total of 128 different ABCA4 pathogenic variants were identified, including 22 previously unpublished variants. The most common type of genetic variation was single nucleotide substitutions which occurred in 92.7% (408/440 alleles). According to the predicted protein effect, the most frequent variant type was missense, occurring in 83.5% of disease-causing alleles (368/440). Mutations such as p.Ala1773Val are fully demonstrated as a founder effect in native inhabitants of certain regions of Mexico. This study also gives us certain indications of other founder effects that need to be further studied in the near future. This is the largest molecularly characterized ABCA4R Latin American cohort, and our results supports the value of conducting genetic screening in underrepresented populations for a better knowledge of the mutational profile leading to monogenic diseases.
On the strength of Lagrangian duality in multiobjective integer programming
Authors: Brun Matthew , Perini Tyler , Sinha Saumya , Schaefer Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the potential of Lagrangian relaxations to generate quality bounds on non-dominated images of multiobjective integer programs (MOIPs). Under some conditions on the relaxed constraints, we show that a set of Lagrangian relaxations can provide bounds that coincide with every bound generated by the convex hull relaxation. We also provide a guarantee of the relative quality of the Lagrangian bound at unsupported solutions. These results imply that, if the relaxed feasible region is bounded, some Lagrangian bounds will be strictly better than some convex hull bounds. We demonstrate that there exist Lagrangian multipliers which are sparse, satisfy a complementary slackness property, and generate tight relaxations at supported solutions. However, if all constraints are dualized, a relaxation can never be tight at an unsupported solution. These results characterize the strength of the Lagrangian dual at efficient solutions of an MOIP.
Retinal vasculitis after intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Matsumoto Hidetaka , Hoshino Junki , Numaga Saki , Mimura Kaori , Asatori Yosuke , Akiyama Hideo
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To evaluate short-term outcomes of intravitreal injection of aflibercept 8 mg for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Study design

Retrospective, interventional case series.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 35 eyes of 34 consecutive patients with nAMD, assessing best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness (FT), and central choroidal thickness (CCT) before and 4 weeks after the initial intravitreal dose of aflibercept 8 mg. The rate of achieving a dry macula and the incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI) at week 4 were also determined.

Results

BCVA showed significant improvement, with significant reductions in FT and CCT 4 weeks after the initial injection of aflibercept 8 mg (all P < 0.01), with a dry macula being achieved in 20 eyes (57.1%). However, 3 eyes (8.6%) developed non-infectious IOI associated with retinal vasculitis, an adverse event not reported previously. The IOI in these eyes was relatively mild and treated with a posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide with or without betamethasone eye drops, resulting in amelioration of IOI without any visual loss.

Conclusions

Intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg appears to be effective for improving visual acuity and ameliorating exudative changes in eyes with nAMD. However, special attention should be given to the potential development of IOI associated with retinal vasculitis.
The potential longevity-promoting hypoxic-hypercapnic environment as a measure for radioprotection
Authors: David Elroei , Wolfson Marina , Muradian Khachik K. , Fraifeld Vadim E.
Published: August 2024

Many biological mechanisms of aging well converge with radiation’s biological effects. We used scientific insights from the field of aging to establish a novel hypoxic-hypercapnic environment (HHE) concept for radioprotection. According to this concept, HHE which possesses an anti-aging and longevity-promoting potential, should also act as a radiomitigator and radioprotector. As such, it might contribute greatly to the safety and wellbeing of individuals exposed to high levels of radiation, whether in planned events (e.g. astronauts) or in unplanned events (e.g. first responders in nuclear accidents).