bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deriving the Cut-Off of Visceral Adiposity Index as a Promising Tool to Assess Abdominal Obesity
Authors: SA Thamilovia  , S.Uma Mageshwari
Published: August 2024

Background: The visceral fat tissue is an active organ and visceral obesity present is a potent risk factor for metabolic changes in the body. Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is becoming a novel health assessment index and effective marker for stratifying adults for obesity phenotypes. The aim of the study is to associate and correlate the visceral adiposity index and insulin resistance among selected experimental and control adult women and to derive cut-off points among adult women between the age group of18-30 years. Methods: The target group of 300 adult women (150 obese and 150 non-obese) between the age group of 18 to 30 years were purposively selected depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Biochemical parameters like total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were estimated Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated and evaluated. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis the cut-off value of VAI was found. Results: The VAI value was found to be higher among the experimental (Obese) compared to the control (Non-obese) which was 1% significant. A positive correlation was seen between of VAI with age,weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHtR, TC and TG with 1% significance. The R-value derived from the regression analysis was 0.940. The scatterplot between VAI and HOMA-IR indicates no strength of linear relation between VAI and IR. Conclusion: VAI is a simple and accurate means to measure the visceral adiposity as it is economical and can be used for sustainably.
Application of Graph-based model on Nashik district state road network.
Authors: Abhiman Bhamare Megha
Published: August 2024

The role of graph theory in enabling network analysis and generalization is briefly discussed, and graph representations offer a handy way of handling the topological and related information describing a road network. The importance of obtaining measures of the functional relevance of network road segments given a context described in terms of a set ofsites of interest is then demonstrated using graph theoretic techniques such as the shortest path between network nodes and spanning trees. The road network extends from Nashik's central business area to all of the district's tehsils. The goal of this article is to use graph theory to assess the road connectivity and network accessibility of Nashik to all Tehsil headquarters. Furthermore, the Alpha index, Beta index, Gama index, Chromatic number, and Dijkstra’s Algorithm have been utilized to categorize network accessibility and determine the least distance between any two tehsils in Nashik District.
Nutrients assessment at Ennore backwater: reference to seasonal change
Authors: Padmavathy V. , Sesh Serebiah J. , Stella Chelladurai
Published: August 2024

Nutrients play a major role in food cycle of aquatic ecosystem. Nutrients such as nitrite, phosphate, silicate and sulphate were analysed at Ennore creek for the period of one year in four station at 2021. Nitrite was varied from 0.005 to 0.12 µg/l. Phosphate was varied from 0.02 to 0.68 µg/l. Sulphate was varied from 1.03 to 38.4 µg/l. Silicate concentration was varied from 0.05 to 1.85 µg/l .All the nutrients were supplied by influx of fresh water during monsoon. Beyond, coal based waste water released from the thermal power stations contain all nutrients in a considerable amount which influence greater the nutrient content of study area.
Homoeopathic concept of modalities: a systematic review
Authors: Patil Jyoti D. , Mehra Priyanka
Published: August 2024

Background: The homeopathic treatment system is based on comparing all the patient symptoms with the symptomatology of the most similar remedy. Although it sounds simple, the art of devising a rational and complete set of symptoms of the sick individual is the hardest work for a homeopath. It is necessary for the homeopathic practitioner to direct his attention to thecharacteristics of the case. Modalities is that of the characteristic symptoms that helps to find the prescribing totality in case of illness.Aim and Objective: The aim of the present study is to review and comment on all available literature with objectives to subject each research paper to a critical analysis in order to shed light on the current topic and to find the way for new research.Material and Methods: Book literature and literature available on Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and ScienceDirect in the form of research paper were searched and further analyzed.Conclusion: Modalities are one of the components of the complete symptom that individualizes the patient and remedies. Time-related modalities, whether general or specific, play a greater role in prescribing the similimum. Without the help of the modality, a longer search would have been necessary to find the similimum homeopathically. Depending on the modality, one can quickly prescribe medication. it is the easiest way to reach the similimum.
A Narrative review on minor depressive disorder
Authors: Poonam Ganesh Kakandikar Poonam Ganesh Kakandikar , Dibyatanu Ghosh Dibyatanu Ghosh
Published: August 2024

Minor depressive disorder is a eloquent mental health Condition influencing the individuals in all ages of both sexes.Homoeopathy is a holistic healthcare approach that utilizes constitutional remedies to address the underlying causes of minor depressive disorder. It offers a personalized and individualized approach of treatment that considers the unique characteristics of everyone, which Ameliorates the minor depressive disorder in young people.The main aim of this study is to explore the role of homoeopathic constitutional remedies in managing minor depressive disorder in young age group through review of published literature. Articles published between January 1990 and January 2022 were Solicited from pub med, google scholar data bases. The findings indicate that homoeopathic constitutional remedies can provide significant relief from symptoms of minor depressive disorder and improve overall well being. In conclusion, homoeopathy can be a valuable alternative treatment option form minor depressive disorder in young individuals, providing safe and effective relief from symptoms while addressing the underlying causes of the condition.
Antimiasmatic treatment on essential hyperthension: a review
Authors: Dr. Haripriya G.  , Dr. Sushma Suresh Manhas
Published: August 2024

The by-product of modern civilization, hypertension or high blood pressure has emerged as a "Silent killer" as a result of our hectic lifestyle. High blood pressure is not an illness; rather, it is a symptom or indicator of an underlying condition or pathological process. The increase in blood pressure is actually a compensatory or conservative process that ensures enough blood flow to the tissues even in the face of obstruction or increased blood flow resistance. Hypertension is linked to a number of health issues, including arterial aneurysm, strokes, heart failure, heart attacks, kidney failure, and death from circulatory failure. Traditional treatments for high blood pressure include acetazolamide, beta-blockers, etc. These medications do have a number of adverse effects though. Therefore, other therapies are required to manage and control HTN. 30 articles related to Hypertension was selected. Out of which 17 articles were related to homoeopathy. Homoeopathic medicines showed effectiveness in treating Hypertension cases. However extensive study is needed for more valid proved.
Review of literature on hyperuricemia
Authors: Verma Smriti , Dr. Sameer S. Nadgauda  , Dr. Pallavi Khatavkar
Published: August 2024

Hyperuricemia has long been recognised as the primary cause of gout. A large body of evidence suggests that hyperuricemia may play a role in the development and pathogenesis of a variety of metabolic, hemodynamic, and systemic pathologic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis, in recent years. Several epidemiologicstudies have linked hyperuricemia to each of these conditions. Uric acid-lowering therapies have been shown in some studies to prevent or improve certain aspects of the metabolic syndrome.
Iron oxide nanoparticles and agricultural wastes used in enhancing the bioremediation and clarification procedures in textile effluent treatment
Authors: Sundaram S. Karthik , Nair Anagha S , Kongarasi K. , Beesha K. , Ajitha C.
Published: August 2024

Textile dyeing industry is considered as one of the largest generators of waste water in India, particularly Tiruppur. Dyes released by the textile industries cause a major threat to environmental safety. Apart from physical and chemical method, dye decolourisation through biological means can have a wide range. The present study focused on the screening of microbial isolates from the effluent with respect to the synthetic dye decolourisation. Three bacterial namely Bacillussp., Pseudomonassp., Acinetobactersp. andtwo laccase producing fungal species, identified as Aspergillus nigerand Aspergillus fumigatus,were isolated that were efficient in decolourising the synthetic dyes. These isolated colonies were used as free cells, microbial consortium and immobilised microbial consortium having the iron oxide nanoparticles, for effluent treatment. Treatment by microbial consortium and immobilized consortium showed better efficiency when compared to individual microbes, but the sludge settlement was again a threat. Effluent treatment by the immobilized microbial consortium with peanut husk and iron oxide nanoparticles showed promising decolourisation and efficient sludge removal during the treatment. By using magnetically induced biological waste the removal of dyes and separation of sludge contents can be achieved with low cost. The process could very well be used in localized companies since it is cost effective and thus aid in the eradication of the scar caused through pollution thus far.
Effect of trehalose on growth and stress tolerance in crops by using bioinoculants
Authors: Maheswari S. , Rajarajan P. , Kalyan Karanam , Rakeshkuma Golla , Vinaykumar Mamidi , Shanmukesh Tiruveedula
Published: August 2024

Trehalose biosynthetic is an important pathway that linked to abiotic stress tolerance. Recent research findings showed that the trehalose metabolic pathway is important for the growth and development of the plant. In plants, trehalose production seemed to be exclusively reserved for stress resistant plantswhichliving in extreme habitats.In variety of plant species to improve the stress tolerance and yield particularly under stress condition, several attempts to engineer plants that produce more trehalose. In many studies have observed the regulatory role of trehalose-6-phosphate, a precursor of trehalose,play an important rolein sugar metabolism, growth and development in plants. Trehalose-6-phosphate influences the starch and sucrose accumulation in leaves during day time regulates starch degradation at night to demand for sucrose. It is necessary to understand about the potential role of trehalose as a metabolite in abiotic stress responses and interactions of plants with bacterial and fungal pathogens, rhizobia, mycorrhizae and non symbiotic rhizobacteria.
Effects of COVID-19 disinfectants on the environment
Authors: Ekhaise F. O , Ikhajiagbe B. , Odozi P. I. , Erhabor J. O. , Enaigbe A , Enerijiofi K. E
Published: August 2024

Nearly all nations in the globe have been impacted by COVID-19, otherwise known as coronavirus infection brought on by new SARS-Cov-2, which has been dubbed a global pandemic. Contact with sick people and handling contaminated surfaces are the main ways that coronavirus is disseminated. However, as of July 2020, it had impacted more than 33 million people worldwide. Aside from the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), alcohol-based sanitizers, and personal cleanliness, the use of disinfectants to successfully decrease or stop the spread is of paramount importance. Since surfaces and people are recognized to be the sources of COVID -19 transmissionsglobally, disinfecting these areas is a good way to stop the disease from spreading. Many ideas and models have been developed to manage the novel virus, but these models are always being updated to reflect how well the virus has adapted to various domains and sections of the global community. With little to no scientific support, theories have been spread about the unique virus's ability to survive. The use of disinfectants of various kinds is one general control technique being implemented globally to combat the new Covid-19. The likelihood of infection increases the longer a person who is not infected is in close contact with an infected person. As of now, coughing or sneezing by an infected person continues to be the predominant method of transmission.It looks like a decent idea to use a disinfectant to render droplets on surfaces inactive in order to stop the spread of COVID-19. Chemistry, concentration, contact time, and coverage are particularly significant factors when thinking about disinfection. The disinfectants play a crucial role in stopping the spread of COVID-19 in the environment and ensuring everyone's safety. The global economy has experienced significant economic decline as a result of this epidemic. It is advised to properly dispose of COVID-19 management supplies in order to prevent the spread of other instances or another type of health problem.
Urban Lake Scenario and Development Possibilities-A case of Surat
Authors: Upadhyay Akansha Tiwari
Published: August 2024

Urban water bodies are an inherent part of Indian culture. They store rainwater and ensure supply for domestic use and for agriculture. They help in recharging groundwater. They serve as flood cushions. They also act as city level open space and recreational area for the city. They help in maintaining the micro-climate of the area.Due to extensive urbanization and industrialization, urban land use changed in many cities and resulted in lost water bodies. Cities are expanding and population is becoming urbanised with a greater rate. It’s challenging the natural eco system of cities as a result pockets in the form of green parks, lakes etc. are disappearing. Same is the case of Surat city, Gujarat. Despite of having a series of natural urban lakes, these blue marks are gradually disappearing from the map of Surat. The city consisted total of 352 lakes which is now limited to only62 lakes. This number may decrease further if enough actions and interventions are not taken by the authorities, stakeholders and Surat city people. This paper discusses about the current condition of urban lakes in Surat city and concerns regarding urban lakes disappearance and dire need of water body presence, its importance in the urban fabric. The case of Surat gives us insights about how multiple components like government initiatives, institutional arrangements, stakeholder participation, lakefront design can foster and improve the face of urban lake, while providing city the breathing space it needs. This paper also looks upon the dynamics of collaboration of public, private and non-governmental resources concerning urban lake development. The restoration and lake development are done through designing, improving and managing these urban lakes. This study will foster understanding of varied benefits these spaces generate that carve out the pathways/alternative for governance and management of urban lakes.
A review of soil and soft-scape material management as a sustainableInterventionfor the execution of landscape in residential projects of Pune.
Authors: Bapat Ar Dipti
Published: August 2024

Landscape is an integral part of today’s urban residential projects. As far as Pune is concerned, it has seen a rapid rise in the number of residential projects over the last decade. In many of these residential projects, landscape development is done either by landscape architects or by architects. Overall, development takes place over two to three years and landscape development is done at the end of projects. Further investigation by interviews and field observations carried out during this research process pointed out many issues in the planning and execution stage of the project. Issues observed in the execution stage were mostly related to natural materials like soil, plants and water. These are precious resources for landscape projects and their loss is not measurable in terms of money. Also, they are difficult to replenish. Improper planning w.r.t. project timeline is also responsible for wastage of topsoil and plants. This identifies the need for management during the execution of landscape.Thus, this paper aims to review the need of Soil and soft scape material management-plan as a tool for sustainable, economic and season-wise scheduled landscape development in residential projects as per construction management principles.
Walkable streets for functionality, liveability and sustainability:a case of Vadodara.
Authors: Tewari Khyati Gulati , Sarwate Neha , Tank Rutvik
Published: August 2024

Walkable streets in any urban setting are the epitome of public realm for social, cultural and economic interactions. These not only enable face to face meaningful interactions, but also promote informal activities. Streets have culturally been the living room for the community where people have an innateassociation with different parts of a street–be it in form of informal markets or tea breaks during the long office days or celebration of many festivals that are part of Indian culture. However, with rapid urbanization resulting in increasing migratorypatterns and number of private vehicle ownership, streets are losing their essence as a public place as authorities are adopting a vehicle centric approach in their design. Today streets, with their haphazard design are neither functional nor are they liveable. Furthermore, increased traffic and reduced walkability results in greater environmental damage, rendering streets unsustainable.Since aspects of functionality, liveability and sustainability of streets are interrelated and interdependent, this study explores the different factors, their inter-linkages and disparities as acknowledgedthroughexistingliterature review and observation mapping through a pilot street stretch that evaluates the above mentioned aspects through content analysis of existing legislationsand descriptive analysisof the interviews conducted. This pilot study helped identify the factors of compatible and conflicting land-uses, the primary, ancillary and resulting activities as well as their intensities, perception of safety and comfort need to be considered while designing street sections to make them functional, liveable and sustainable.
Addressing urban happiness in the context of sustainable development goals through urban design interventions: A Case of Udhana, Surat.
Authors: Bhatt Mitali , Desai Rikta
Published: August 2024

Though urbanization is a desired and irreversible phenomenon, it also leads to multiple problems of quality of living and sustainability. People living in highly dense urban areas suffer from stress, insecurity, competition, fear and such other psychological issues. In 2015, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were agreed upon by all 193 member states of the UnitedNations' (UN) Organizations. (United Nations 2017) The ambitious set of 17 Goals fall within the Global Agenda, addresses complicated issues and covers the majority of the persistent issues that the world is distressed with (Department of Economics and Social Affairs New York, 2017). According toMontgomery (2015), a Livable city is a happy one. To create a robust and sustainable city, the social and mental well-being of city dwellers is important (Montgomery2015). This study aims to evaluate an urban environment in context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as various aspects of “Urban Happiness”, identify the issues lowering its rate of livability index and propose context specific solutions through planning and design interventions. The location has been chosen since it is characterized by a large migrant population in Surat, Gujarat's fastest developing metropolis. The intricacy of urban livability and happiness is exacerbated by migration, which necessitates equal consideration for everybody. After understanding basic literature regarding urban happiness in the framework of SDG and a relevant case study, an analysis matrix is developed to identify the design parameters. A detailed site study has been carried out, and based on identified issues, context specific solutions are recommended.
Comparisonof steel stirrup and GFRP stirrup with specific reference to structural feasibility, self-weight,and costusing ‘Ansys’ software.
Authors: Girish Dhage Yogesh
Published: August 2024

To get in collaboration with modern infrastructure; various research studies indicate for sustainable replacement of steel rebar with glass fibrereinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars. In standard column, share of steel is up to 8%. The steel reinforced structures create problems such ashandling of steel, transportation, self-weight of steel, and importantly its costwhereasGFRP rebar has properties like high strength, corrosion resistance, durability, and light weight & cost effective in nature. This researchpaper enhances replacing the steel stirrups in Column with GFRP stirrups,investigatesthe feasibility through structural behaviourusing ANSYSSoftware, checksreduction of self-weight & Cost and is ultimately targeted to light weight structures orfloating offshore structures.To check the feasibility ofreplacement, reduction of self-weight and cost, this research is divided into three stages. In first and second stage, it shows selection of GFRP as replacement material and structural feasibility. In further stage, it shows comparison between square, rectangular and circular column having conventional reinforcement, Semi GFRP and full GFRPreinforcement, to check effective self-weight and cost reduction.When Conventional Column compared with Semi GFRP and full GFRP reinforced column, effective reduction showed in full GFRP column and self-weight reduced up to 6 % and cost decreasedby 42%. The effective reduction percentage was noticed in rectangular column as comparedto other shapes where slightly less reduction is observed
Analysis of Public Awareness about District Disaster Management Plan: A Case of Dehradun City.
Authors: Agarwal Kshitiz , Tyagi Priya , Kumar Nand
Published: August 2024

Since 2000, at least 5,731 people have perished and over 2,000 have been wounded in natural disasters in Uttarakhand, the majority of which were caused by flash floods and landslides, as perdata provided by the state's disaster management agency. Natural disasters are common in locations near the Himalayan Mountains. The goal of theresearch is to examinepublic knowledge,understanding of natural disasters that have happened or are anticipated to happen in the city, as well as the city's disaster preparedness and management, tofind gaps in the District's Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) for its inhabitants. A pilot survey with 50 respondents was undertaken to determine the level of public awareness. The study concludesaboutawareness amongst the citizens for the DDMP and recommends ways of public engagementand incorporate their views into future management activities.
GIS as an effective tool in waste management-a case study of Allahabad city India.
Authors: Verma Shikha , Bawane Om Prakash
Published: August 2024

Environmental management is a broad area which comes into the domain of multidisciplinary fields including Architecture and Planning. It requires vast amounts of data collection, data retrieval and its analysis. GIS can fulfill this purpose with its multi-analytical and spatial capabilities. It can be used for analysis and study of various aspects of waste management including site selection for municipal solid waste landfills. GIS facilitates the storage of vast amounts of data in the form of raster data and vector data which can serve an important and efficient method for depicting various aspects of waste management.The current study shows the application of GIS spatial analytical tools in finding landfill sites for Allahabad City for Municipal Solid Waste.
Housing the seasonal migrants, a challenge for Urban Sustainability: The Case of India.
Authors: Choudhury Deepashree
Published: August 2024

Cities have served as the cradle of civilization,engine for growth,and fuel for the sustenance of mankind since their inception.With time,they have evolved to be inherently complex urban systemsand have attracted various perils to their very existencedue to unprecedented growth andexpansion,the excessive harnessing of natural resources,economic,social,and cultural fragmentation of society,climate change,etc.Under these conditions,principles,and ideals of sustainable urbanism haveemergedas aray of hope,asthere seemsto be the key to humanity’s futuresurvival. Sustainable urbanism entails the creation of an urban or city environment that functions to foster the long-term viability of social, financial, and environmental systemscoupled with being responsible for citizens' mental health and well-being. Among many others,inclusion and ensuring the equal right to the city for all,including those on themargins,is one of the most important pillars on which urban sustainability stands.When looked at from this perspective, seasonal migrants are one of the most unequalcitizens in cities worldwide,including India.Theirextreme exclusion from urban processes is evident from their wide-scale invisibility in the policy andplanning discourses of mosturban entities.In addition to the lack of basic facilities like clean water,sanitation,food security, etc. the lack of affordable and adequate housingfor seasonal migrantsis often the single most dominantobstacle in the path of their equal citizenship which also creates serious roadblocks in the path to the attainment ofsustainable development goalsfor the cities they reside in temporarily.Unless ‘Housing for all is made a reality, a sustainable urban future will remain a long-distant dream. In India, The concept of affordable rental housing has been gaining considerable importance in e the last decade both in terms of policy and implementation, but their unsuitability to fit inwith the seasonal migrantsdue to their peculiar contextual realityis also becoming increasingly evident. The achievement of sustainability goals of cities and countries is intricately related to their success in solving theperennial problem of housingthis segment of the vulnerable city -dwellers and cities must give urgent attention to addressing this concern for ensuring a sustainable urban future.
Localization of SDG 11 for Urban life: Proliferated Experiences of Transformational Pathways in South Asia.
Authors: Kushwaha Neeharika , Nangia Charu
Published: August 2024

South Asian cities act as loci of interlinked sustainability issues because of the given weight of socio-economic development to be rendered for the urban life in these cities. Hence, localization of SDG 11 becomes a desideratum for functionality, livability, and sustainability of their habitants. This paper intends to provide a preliminary investigation on some of the actions and urban development practices adopted across South Asian context that harness cities’ transformational force for innovation and sustainable development. The sequential analysis of the cases taken determine the gravity of the goal, according to: 1) Application: Context-specific innovative solutions for efficient application of the goal; 2) Implementation: combination of improvements in various spheres to benefit localization of SDG 11 3) Transformation: evidences on set of development changes that meet need of citizens. The discussions compound the reimagination of domestic resource mobilization; reorganization of the people-centered resource flows; social innovation for improving and ensuring contextual development of informed policy making for SDG 11. Such efforts taken as adaptive practices for the paradigm shift in Indian context, may not only be beneficial for the sustainable pillarof the cities but will also endure these changes to work in tandem with the people and city systems.
An effect of farm mechanization on Indian agriculture with respect to rice yiled.
Authors: Haider Riyaz , Joshy J.K.
Published: August 2024

The state of Indian agriculture has progressed a lot since the beginning of green revolution which led to the use of present day modern agricultural farm machineries and equipment’s. Along with this the supplier of the various inputs for several agricultural process has also seen a rising trend for the past decades. As a result, it has increased the production and productivity of agricultural crops to a great extent. This research paper has tried to find out the relationship and effect of the use of agricultural machinery which includes tractors and other farm equipment on rice productivity. For this purpose, it has used time series data and a simple regression model. The paper concludes by a policy recommendation and formulation of a technique or method to provide farm machinery byapplying the principle of PDS system in India to tractor distribution system to those farmers who cannot afford it due to lack of money.
Isolation and characterization of chromium (vi) tolerant bacterialstrains isolated from the tannery effluent of park circus area
Authors: Guha Soumyajit , Debnath Sampa , Gayen Saswati
Published: August 2024

Heavy metals contamination is a global environmental concern because it is difficult to remove these contaminants from the environment,unlike otherpollutants. Chromium (Cr) is one of the most important heavy metals used extensively in various industries,out of which the tanning industry deserves special mention. There are more than 2500 tanneries in the country and nearly 80% of the tanneries are engaged in the chrome tanning process. Massive amounts of Cr waste are discharged annually in the environment as a resultof industrial and manufacturing activities. Cr, a highly reactive element with an oxidation state of 6 exhibits stability as Cr (III) and Cr (VI). Hexavalent chromium isactually more toxic in effect toliving organisms than itstrivalent form. USEPA hasclassifiedCr (VI) as a group A carcinogen,based on its chronic effects. Prolonged exposure toCr (VI) is found to causecancer in the digestive tract and lungs and in other cases epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. Cr (VI) exposure hassevere impacts on aquatic speciesalso. In the present study chromium (VI) tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the tannery effluent of Park Circus area. Most of the bacterial isolates were Gram-negative while few were Gram-positive. 6 bacterial strains were tested for their Cr tolerance capacity of which S6 showed maximum Cr tolerance of 0.4-0.5 mg/ml. The growth responsesto different concentrationsof Cr (VI) bythe bacterial isolates,were also studied. The responses of the bacteria dependedon the time of incubation and Cr (VI) concentration.
Dynamics of zooplankton diversity in dal lake of Kashmir Himalaya: a brief review
Authors: Akhter Rabia , Hamid Dar Gowhar
Published: August 2024

The present review work focuseson the zooplankton community ofDalLakein Kashmir Himalayato understand and evaluate the status of zooplankton diversity between2000-2020.The perusal of the literature suggests thatRotifers showed the dominance than crustaceans due tothe increase in eutrophicstature of the lakeover the years. The input of nutrients and subsequent fluctuations in water quality of the lake has ledto changes in the composition of planktons within the water column. Further, theliterature revealed the dynamics in ecological features of lake ecosystem due to various human interferences in the watershed of lakehas affected the structure and distribution of zooplankton communityover the years.
Economic Analysis of Cluster Bean under Teak based Agroforestry System
Authors: Govind  , Prajapati V. M. , Tandel M. B. , Patel N. K. , Garde Y. A. , Behera Subhaprada , Camus David
Published: August 2024

Agroforestry systems (AFs) maintain biodiversity and provide valuable services by promoting ecological, social, and economic stability. Quantification of agroforestry system economics is associated with farmer’s livelihood. Considering this, the present study was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept consisting of 3 factors having 2 level each viz., varieties of cluster bean, foliar application of micronutrient iron and foliar application of micronutrient zinc on cluster bean grown separately under teak based agroforestry system and in open condition. The study has reported the economics of cluster bean which was grown under teak based agroforestry system and open condition. Further, economics was carried out for the cluster bean teak based agroforestry system as whole. The study has found that yield of cluster bean crop provided higher net return and BC ratio with variety Pusa Navbahar and foliar application of iron and zinc, when grown in open condition and under agroforestry system. In comparison to open condition, teak based agroforestry system as whole was found superior in terms of economically feasible.
Smarandache Curves of Natural Curves Pair According to Frenet Frame
Authors: Mendonca Thiago , Alan Jose , Teixeira Renato
Published: August 2024

Smarandache curves play a significant role in differential geometry. They extend conventional differential geometry concepts and help uncover novel geometric properties. In this work, we define the Smarandache curves of the Natural mate of any given curve \(\alpha\) and calculate their Frenet apparatus. As a particular case, we present the Frenet apparatus when \(\alpha\) is a helix. Additionally, we illustrate an example for the slant helix.
Improving Food Safety in Africa Using Cutting-Edge Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Approaches
Authors: Alhassan Yusuf , Ajadi Abdullahi Olanrewaju , Jerry Oni Gbotemy , Wurie Ahmed Wopa , Olajide Temitope Esther
Published: August 2024

Ensuring food safety in Africa is a critical challenge that requires innovative approaches. Food safety is a pressing concern in Africa, where the prevalence of foodborne diseases and contamination poses significant health and economic challenges. This review explores the potentials of advanced biotechnology and molecular biology approaches to enhance food safety across the continent. Key strategies include the use of whole genome sequencing, next-generation sequencing, foodomics, CRISPR systems, and other salient molecular diagnostics approaches and/or tools for improving food safety through rapid detection of contaminants, and the implementation of biotechnological methods to improve food processing and preservation. The integration of these cutting-edge techniques can mitigate the risks associated with foodborne pathogens, reduce post-harvest losses, and ensure the production of safe, nutritious food. By leveraging these innovations, Africa can build a robust food safety framework that aligns with global standards, ultimately contributing to public health, economic stability, and food security.
Women’s Utilization of Delivery Facilities and Their Satisfaction with Care: An Observational Study in Ondo State, South West Nigeria
Authors: Irinyenikan Theresa Azonima , Folarin Bamidele Jimoh , Sani Ismaila , Adeyemo Matthew , Gbala Michael Olumide
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Women patronize different delivery outlets for various reasons putting them at risk of complications. It is important to assess their satisfaction with the care they receive when visiting any of these delivery outlets to further help programming that will enhance health facility utilization, which is the aim of this study.
Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to recruit 423 women from the two complexes of the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital and some selected Communities in Ondo State between July and December 2023. Information on the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics characteristics among others were obtained through semi-structured questionnaires administered by trained research assistants. Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Chi-Square test (X2) was used to find the associations between the participants characteristics and their satisfaction with the care they received and their willingness to recommend the facilities for delivery. Multi-variable Logistic regression was used to determine variables that can predict their satisfaction with care and the level of significance set at p< 0.05.
Results: Out of the 423 participants, a total of 392 (92.7%) were satisfied with the care they received irrespective of where they delivered, 4 (0.9%) were not satisfied and 27 (6.4%) preferred to be neutral. Among the participants, 398(94.1%) were willing to recommend health facilities for delivery. The obstetrics characteristics significantly associated with being satisfied with care were prior antenatal clinic attendance (X2=55.701, p=0.000), mode of previous delivery (X2=19.262, p=0.004), complications following delivery (X2=23.968, p=0.001), and having had up to two delivery at the facility (X2=20.943, p=0.002).
Conclusion: There is a high satisfaction with care and willingness to recommend health facilities for delivery among the participants. This is probably due to the efforts of government to enhance health facility utilization through the exemption of users’ fees for maternity in a bid to reducing maternal mortality in Ondo State. However, efforts still need to be put in place for continuous assessment of the quality of care provided in our health facilities.
Design and Optimization of a Double-Layer Composite Pressure Vessel Structure
Authors: Xuzhen Wang
Published: August 2024

Ballast tank is the main pressure component of underwater intelligent equipment, material selection and structural design are important factors restricting its diversified functions. In order to realize the functional application and lightweight of underwater ballast tank, the structure and materials of ballast tanks were studied. The design uses carbon fiber resin matrix composite material as the shell and titanium alloy material as the inner liner to prepare the underwater double-layer cylindrical water-tight structure ballast tanks. The fiber layer is selected as the layering scheme of [90°/90°/0°]s. The weight can be reduced by 23% compared to the ballast made of titanium alloy. Based on Abaqus finite element analysis software, the actual working conditions of the ballast tank are simulated, and the analysis shows that the cylinder meets the strength requirements. At the same time, the stability of the cylinder is studied, and the critical load of the instability of the double-layer underwater ballast tank is 22.15MPa by buckling analysis. The physical object was processed, and the pressure experiment of 1.5MPa and 2MPa was carried out on the physical object. The experimental results met the requirements of strength and stiffness.
Estimation of Wheat Crop Coefficient Using GIS and Remote Sensing- A Case Study of Akola District of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Singh Mulayam , Pimpale A.R. , Deshmukh M.M. , Rajankar P.B. , Ramteke I.K.
Published: August 2024

Efficient water use in agriculture is crucial for sustainability, requiring precise irrigation practices to maximize every drop of water. This study addresses the challenge of accurately estimating wheat crop coefficients, which are vital for effective water management. Using Sentinel-2A satellite data, the research examines the relationship between vegetation indices (EVI, NDVI, NDWI, and SAVI) and wheat crop coefficients in Akola District, Maharashtra. Ground truth data was collected to validate the satellite observations. Profiles of all the four vegetation indices of wheat were studied in detail and compared with profiles of crop coefficients of wheat recommended by Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV) Rahuri. Among the indices, NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) demonstrated the strongest correlation with wheat crop coefficients, expressed by the linear equation Kc=3.8078 NDWI+0.5396 with highest value of R2. This finding underscores the potential of NDWI as a robust tool for estimating crop coefficients, thus enhancing water use efficiency in irrigation practices. It is recommended that NDWI be utilized in local irrigation management to optimize water resources effectively.
EMIC waves observed by the low‐altitude satellite DEMETER during the November 2004 magnetic storm
Authors: Píša D. , Parrot M. , Santolík O. , Menietti J. D.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents an analysis of ULF (0–20 Hz) waves observed by the low‐altitude satellite Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) during the magnetic storm of November 2004. Since these ULF waves are measured by both electric and magnetic antennas, they may be identified as electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. While EMIC waves have been previously observed in the low‐altitude ionosphere, this is the first time that they are observed for such extensive time periods and at such high frequencies. A common feature of these emissions is that their observation region in the low‐altitude ionosphere extends continuously from the high‐latitude southern trough in one side up to the high‐latitude northern trough. The analysis of wave propagation points to the possible source region placed in the inner magnetosphere (L ∼ 2–3). Observed wave frequencies indicate that waves must be generated much farther from the Earth compared to the satellite orbit. Exceptionally high frequencies of about 10 Hz can be explained by the source region placed in the deep inner magnetosphere at L ∼ 2.5. We hypothesize that these waves are generated below the local helium gyrofrequency and propagate over a large range of wave normal angles to reach low altitudes at L ∼ 1.11. In order to investigate this scenario, a future study based on ray tracing simulations will be necessary.
A new physics‐based modeling approach for tsunami‐ionosphere coupling
Authors: Meng X. , Komjathy A. , Verkhoglyadova O. P. , Yang Y.‐M. , Deng Y. , Mannucci A. J.
Published: June 2015

Tsunamis can generate gravity waves propagating upward through the atmosphere, inducing total electron content (TEC) disturbances in the ionosphere. To capture this process, we have implemented tsunami‐generated gravity waves into the Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (GITM) to construct a three‐dimensional physics‐based model WP (Wave Perturbation)‐GITM. WP‐GITM takes tsunami wave properties, including the wave height, wave period, wavelength, and propagation direction, as inputs and time‐dependently characterizes the responses of the upper atmosphere between 100 km and 600 km altitudes. We apply WP‐GITM to simulate the ionosphere above the West Coast of the United States around the time when the tsunami associated with the March 2011 Tohuku‐Oki earthquke arrived. The simulated TEC perturbations agree with Global Positioning System observations reasonably well. For the first time, a fully self‐consistent and physics‐based model has reproduced the GPS‐observed traveling ionospheric signatures of an actual tsunami event.
Ion temperature effects on magnetotail Alfvén wave propagation and electron energization
Authors: Damiano P. A. , Johnson J. R. , Chaston C. C.
Published: June 2015

A new 2‐D self‐consistent hybrid gyrofluid‐kinetic electron model in dipolar coordinates is presented and used to simulate dispersive‐scale Alfvén wave pulse propagation from the equator to the ionosphere along an L = 10 magnetic field line. The model is an extension of the hybrid MHD‐kinetic electron model that incorporates ion Larmor radius corrections via the kinetic fluid model of Cheng and Johnson (1999). It is found that consideration of a realistic ion to electron temperature ratio decreases the propagation time of the wave from the plasma sheet to the ionosphere by several seconds relative to a ρi=0 case (which also implies shorter timing for a substorm onset signal) and leads to significant dispersion of wave energy perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. Additionally, ion temperature effects reduce the parallel current and electron energization all along the field line for the same magnitude perpendicular electric field perturbation.
San Andreas fault zone velocity structure at SAFOD at core, log, and seismic scales
Authors: Jeppson Tamara N. , Tobin Harold J.
Published: June 2015

The San Andreas Fault (SAF), like other mature brittle faults, exhibits a zone of low seismic velocity hypothesized to result from fluid pressure effects and/or development of a damage zone. To address the relative contributions of these mechanisms in developing low‐velocity zones, we measured P and S wave velocities ultrasonically at elevated confining and pore pressures on core samples from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). We compared those data to wireline and seismic‐scale velocities to examine the scale dependence of acoustic properties of the fault core and damage zone. Average laboratory P and S wave velocities of the fault gouge at estimated in situ conditions are 3.1 and 1.5 km/s, respectively, consistent with the sonic log from the same intervals. These data show that fault core has intrinsically low velocity, even if no anomalous pore pressure is assumed, due to alteration and mechanical damage. In contrast, laboratory average P and S wave velocities for the damage zone are 4.7 and 2.5 km/s, up to 41% greater than the sonic log in the damage zone. This scale dependence indicates that stress conditions or macroscale features dominate the damage zone's acoustic properties, although velocity dispersion could play a role. Because no pressure anomaly was detected while drilling the SAFOD borehole, we infer that damage at a scale larger than core samples controls the elastic properties of the broader damage zone. This result bolsters other independent lines of evidence that the SAF does not contain major pore fluid overpressure at SAFOD.
Stereographic projection for three‐dimensional global discontinuous Galerkin atmospheric modeling
Authors: Blaise Sébastien , Lambrechts Jonathan , Deleersnijder Eric
Published: June 2015

A method to solve the three‐dimensional compressible Navier‐Stokes equations on the sphere is suggested, based on a stereographic projection with a high‐order mapping of the elements from the stereographic space to the sphere. The projection is slightly modified, in order to take into account the domain thickness without introducing any approximation about the aspect ratio (deep‐atmosphere). In a discontinuous Galerkin framework, the elements alongside the equator are exactly represented using a nonpolynomial geometry, in order to avoid the numerical issues associated with the seam connecting the two hemispheres. This is an crucial point, necessary to avoid mass loss and spurious deviations of the velocity. The resulting model is validated on idealized three‐dimensional atmospheric test cases on the sphere, demonstrating the good convergence properties of the scheme, its mass conservation, and its satisfactory behavior in terms of accuracy and low numerical dissipation. A simulation is performed on a variable resolution unstructured grid, producing accurate results despite a substantial reduction of the number of elements.