bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future approaches for sewer system condition assessment
Authors: Kerres Karsten , Gredigk-Hoffmann Sylvia , Jathe Rüdiger , Orlik Stefan , Sariyildiz Mustafa , Schmidt Torsten , Sympher Klaus-Jochen , Uhlenbroch Adrian
Published: April 2020

Different analytical approaches exist to describe the structural substance or wear reserve of sewer systems. The aim is to convert engineering assessments of often complex defect patterns into computational algorithms and determine a substance class for a sewer section or manhole. This analytically determined information is essential for strategic rehabilitation planning processes up to network level, as it corresponds to the most appropriate rehabilitation type and can thus provide decision-making support. Current calculation methods differ clearly from each other in parts, so that substance classes determined by the different approaches are only partially comparable with each other. The objective of the German R&D cooperation project ‘SubKanS’ is to develop a methodology for classifying the specific defect patterns resulting from the interaction of all the individual defects, and their severities and locations. The methodology takes into account the structural substance of sewer sections and manholes, based on real data and theoretical considerations analogous to the condition classification of individual defects. The result is a catalogue of defect patterns and characteristics, as well as associated structural substance classifications of sewer systems (substance classes). The methodology for sewer system substance classification is developed so that the classification of individual defects can be transferred into a substance class of the sewer section or manhole, eventually taking into account further information (e.g. pipe material, nominal diameter, etc.). The result is a validated methodology for automated sewer system substance classification.
Uniform flow and energy dissipation of hydraulic-jump-stepped spillways
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wu Jianhua , Ma Fei , Hu Jianyong
Published: April 2020

In skimming flow, a uniform flow can be achieved and the flow depth, velocity and air concentration remain constant if a stepped spillway is sufficiently long. In this study, physical model experiments were performed to investigate the uniform characteristics and energy dissipation of a hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway, which is a new type of stepped spillway for increasing the unit discharge capacity and energy dissipation. Based on the redefinition of uniform flow, experimental results show that at a given stepped spillway slope, a smaller height for the beginning of the uniform flow region, a greater uniform aerated flow depth and a greater uniform equivalent clear water flow depth can be obtained as compared with the traditional stepped spillway due to strong aeration in the aeration basin. Under the condition of uniform flow, the energy dissipation rate of stepped spillways can be estimated by the equivalent clear water flow depth with given inflow conditions. Compared with the traditional stepped spillway, the uniform flow over the hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway has a smaller specific energy, revealing that the hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway is more advantageous for dissipating energy, especially at large unit discharges.
Family Members’ Perspectives on Family and Social Support Available to Suicidal Patients, and Health Systems’ Interactions and Responses to Suicide Cases in Alberta: Protocol for a Quantitative Research Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abou El-Magd Rabab M , Urichuk Liana , Surood Shireen , Li Daniel , Greenshaw Andrew , Grunau Mara , MacNeil Laureen , Challborn Ione , Grauwiler David , Olson Robert , Agyapong Vincent Israel Opoku
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Suicide is a major cause of preventable death globally and a leading cause of death by injury in Canada. To support people who experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors and to ultimately prevent people from dying by suicide, it is important to understand individual and familial experiences with the health care system.

OBJECTIVE

We present the protocol for a study, the objective of which is to explore how people who died by suicide, and their family members, interacted with the health care system.

METHODS

This is a quantitative research study. Data will be collected through a self-administered paper-based or online survey of the family member of patients who died by suicide. The sample size was calculated to be 385 (margin of error ±3%).

RESULTS

Data collection will start in October 2020 and results will be available by March 2021. We expect the results to shed light on the experiences of individuals who died by suicide and their family members with the health care system. The study has received ethical clearance from the Health Ethics Research Board of the University of Alberta (Pro00096342).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study may inform practice, policy, and future research. The findings may shape how members of the health care system respond to people who are at risk of suicide and their families.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/19112
Determining the Actual Zinc and Iron Intakes in Breastfed Infants: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dumrongwongsiri Oraporn , Winichagoon Pattanee , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Grote Veit , Koletzko Berthold
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Zinc and iron deficiencies among breastfed infants during the first 6 months of life have been reported in previous studies. The amounts of zinc and iron intakes from breast milk are factors that contribute to the zinc and iron status of breastfed infants.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to quantitatively determine zinc and iron intakes by breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and to investigate the factors that predict zinc and iron status in breastfed infants.

METHODS

Pregnant women at 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Zinc and iron status during pregnancy was assessed. At delivery, cord blood was analyzed for zinc and iron levels. Participants and their babies were followed at 2 and 4 months postpartum. Maternal dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements were performed. The amount of breast milk intake was assessed using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. Breast milk samples were collected for determination of zinc and iron levels. The amount of zinc and iron consumed by infants was calculated. Zinc and iron status was determined in mothers and infants at 4 months postpartum.

RESULTS

A total of 120 pregnant women were enrolled, and 80 mother-infant pairs completed the study (56 provided full breastfeeding, and 24 provided breast milk with infant formula). All data are being managed and cleaned. Statistical analysis will be done.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide information on zinc and iron intakes in exclusively breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life and explore predictive factors and the possible association of zinc and iron intakes with infant growth and nutrient status.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/19119
Association between standing electric scooter injuries and human behaviors on Instagram: #electricscooter (Preprint)
Authors: Guo Julia Z , Chong Kimberly PL , Deng Xiaomeng , Woo Benjamin KP
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

With the recent rise in popularity of standing electric scooters, there have been an increase in related injuries seen in the emergency departments. Social media, especially Instagram, is used by a significant number of young people as a platform of socialization and information sharing.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine the association between standing electric scooter related injuries seen in the emergency room and human behaviors on Instagram.

METHODS

We searched “#electricscooter” on Instagram and reviewed the first 1000 posts. To be included in the study, the image must include at least one standing electric scooter. Based on image characteristics, we categorized the posts non-exclusively, meaning that a post can be assigned to more than one category. The categories include: 1. no humans, 2. human using the standing electric scooter or is posing next to the vehicle, 3. more than one rider on one scooter, 4. include children, 5. include helmet, 6. advertisement, 7. advertisement that depicts helmet.

RESULTS

As of 1/30/2020, there are 278,054 posts related to #electricscooter on Instagram. 563 posts are included in the study. These posts are categorized non-exclusively as follow: 231 (40.1%) posts depict electric scooter(s) in the image without any human interactions. 248 (44.0%) posts illustrate humans using the scooter or is posting next to the scooter. 5 (0.9%) posts depict more than one rider on one vehicle at a time. 5 (0.9%) posts include children. 59 (10.5%) posts depicted helmets within the image. 73 (13.0%) posts are advertisements for electric scooters. 2 (0.4%) of the advertisement posts include helmet(s).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that human behaviors regarding standing electric scooters on Instagram are reflexive of human behaviors in real life. We suspect that human behaviors and advertisement patterns on Instagram may contribute to the normalization of unsafe standing electric scooter riding practices. Instagram and other social media platforms may be cost-effective places for patient outreach regarding electric scooter safety.
Regulation and Trust: 3-Month Follow-up Study on COVID-19 Mortality in 25 European Countries (Preprint)
Authors: Oksanen Atte , Kaakinen Markus , Latikka Rita , Savolainen Iina , Savela Nina , Koivula Aki
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed societies in 2020. Since the end of February, Europe has been hit particularly hard by COVID-19, but there are major country differences in both the spread of the virus and measures taken to stop the virus. Social psychological factors such as institutional trust could be important in understanding the development of the epidemic.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine country variations of COVID-19 mortality in Europe by analyzing social risk factors explaining the spread of the disease, restrictions and control measures, and institutional trust.

METHODS

The present study was based on a background analysis of European Social Survey data on 25 European countries (N=47,802). Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models focused on 84 days of the COVID-19 epidemic (January 22 to April 14, 2020) and modelled the daily COVID-19 mortality. Analysis focused on the impact of social relations, restrictions, and institutional trust within each country.

RESULTS

The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has been fast everywhere, but the findings revealed significant differences between countries in COVID-19 mortality. Perceived sociability predicted higher COVID-19 mortality. Major differences between the 25 countries were found in reaction times to the crisis. Late reaction to the crisis predicted later mortality figures. Institutional trust was associated with lower COVID-19 mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

The analyses demonstrated the importance of societal and social psychological factors in the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. By considering multiple perspectives, this study showed that country differences in Europe are major, and this will have an impact on how countries will cope with the ongoing crisis in the following months. The results indicated the importance of timely restrictions and cooperation with people.
Breast Feeding Knowledge and Practices among Primiparous Women with Caesarean Section: Impact on Breast Engorgement in Upper Egypt
Authors: Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy , EL-Kholy Galal Ahmed , Ateya Aziza Ahmed , Hassan Amal Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Background: The benefits of breast milk are greatly enhanced if breastfeeding starts within one hour after birth. Hunan milk contains a host of dynamic and unique feeding properties. Breast engorgement is one of the most common minor discomforts confronting nursing women after delivery, especially Primiparous. The aim of the study was to investigate the breastfeeding knowledge and practices among primiparous women with a cesarean section and its impact on breast engorgement in Upper Egypt. The study was conducted in the postnatal unit of Beni-Suef University Hospital. The study design was a descriptive study. The type of sample was a simple random sample. The study comprised 90 Primiparous cesarean section mothers; suffer from breast engorgement. Tools of Data Collection were interview questionnaire sheet, knowledge assessment sheet, observational checklist, and engorgement assessment scale. The study revealed that the studied women’s knowledge and technique of breastfeeding were not adequate among the whole study sample. Breast engorgement was more prevalent among the younger, less educated, housewives, low social class’s women and those who were rural dwellers. Recommendation: Providing the mother with guidance and support on positioning and latching and modification of hospital practices are effective in reducing breast problems.
Efecto de la competencia digital docente en el uso del blended learning en formación profesional
Authors: López-Belmonte Jesús , Moreno-Guerrero Antonio José , Pozo-Sánchez Santiago , López-Nuñez Juan Antonio
Published: April 2020

La proliferación de la tecnología educativa en la formación profesional ha llevado a que el colectivo docente que desarrolla su cometido en dicha etapa tenga que disponer de un adecuado nivel de destrezas digitales para hacer un uso eficaz de metodologías innovadoras. El estudio que se presenta tiene como objetivo conocer la influencia de la competencia digital en el uso del blended learning en el profesorado de formación profesional. Para ello se ha seguido un método de investigación cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, en una muestra de 627 docentes españoles. Como instrumento de recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario. Los resultados revelan un déficit competencial en las distintas áreas de la competencia digital, hecho que repercute en el uso del blended learning en la etapa de formación profesional y que los propios docentes perciben como motivo principal, concluyendo que tal competencia influye en la utilización de este enfoque emergente.
Metode Tafsir Maudu’Ī (Tematik): Kajian Ayat Ekologi
Authors: Fauzan Fauzan , Mustofa Imam , Masruchin Masruchin
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs a holy book, al-Qur'an has function as a law and a way of life for Muslims. In this context, Muslims in modern times have problem in understanding the whole contents of the Qur’an. Therefore, exegetes formulate a method of understanding the Qur'an in line with certain themes or so-called the Maudlu'i interpretation method. This article aims to describe the Maudlu'i interpretation, the problems of the Maudlu'i interpretation, and examples of the Maudlu'i interpretation. This literature review use descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study indicate that the interpretation of Maudlu'i is a method of interpretation that seeks to explain the contents of the Qur'an based on a particular theme. There are three focuses of Maudlu'i interpretation that developed in the 20th century, namely the Maudlu'i method of interpretation which focuses on terminology, the Maudlu'i method of interpretation which focuses on themes or topics in the Qur’an, and the Maudlu'i method of interpretation which focuses on one particular chapter in the Qur’an. Regardless of the dynamics of strengths and weaknesses, Maudlu'i interpretation is more suitable with the living conditions of modern-day Muslims. This study reveal that the Maudlu'i method of interpretation plays an important role in understanding the content of the Qur'an.  AbstrakSebagai kitab suci, al-Qur’an berfungsi sebagai undang-undang dan pedoman hidup umat Islam. Dalam konteks ini, umat Islam pada zaman modern seringkali kesulitan dalam memahami isi al-Qur’an secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, para ahli tafsir kemudian merumuskan sebuah metode memahami al-Qur’an sesuai dengan tema-tema tertentu atau yang disebut sebagai metode tafsir Maudlu’i. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang Tafsir Maudlu’i, problematika tafsir Maudlu’i, dan contoh tafsir maudlu’i. Kajian pustaka ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tafsir Maudlu’i merupakan metode tafsir yang berusaha menjelaskan isi kandungan al-Qur’an berdasarkan tema tertentu. Metode tafsir yang berkembang pada abad 20 tersebut dibagi menjadi 3 kategori, yaitu tafsir maudlu’i yang fokus pada terminologi, tafir maudlu’i yang fokus pada tema atau topik dalam al-Qur’an, dan tafsir maudlu’i yang fokus pada satu surat tertentu dalam al-Qur’an. Terlepas dari dinamika kelebihan dan kekurangannya, tafsir Maudlu’i lebih sesuai dengan kondisi kehidupan umat Islam zaman modern ini. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa metode tafsir Mau’dlu’i memiliki peran penting dalam memahami isi kandungan al-Qur’an. Kata Kunci: Metode Mauḍu’ī, Tafsir dan Aplikatif.
Religious and Cash Holding: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Hendrawaty Ernie , Pranyoto Edi , Abubakar, PhD Adam Muhammad
Published: April 2020

This research examines the effect of religiosity on the cash holding. The method used to test the model is panel data regression by investigating the effect of religiosity on the cash holding of shari'a and non-shari'a companies. The results show that  Religiosity (Islamic Dichotomic), showing a positive and significant coefficient on cash holdings. Companies with a high level of religiosity hold significant amounts of cash. The companies hold cash to reduce risk by reducing debt financing. Keywords: cash holdings, religiosity, risk
Halal Label vs Product Quality in Halal Cosmetic Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Anggadwita Grisna , Alamanda Dini Turipanam , Ramadani Veland
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze cosmetics purchasing decisions by consumers with consideration of halal labels or product quality where brand image as an intervening variable. This study uses quantitative methods with confirmatory objectives. Questionnaires are distributed using a purposive sampling method for 400 respondents in several villages throughout Indonesia. The results showed that the halal label significantly influenced brand image and purchasing decisions. Product quality affects brand image but has no impact on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, brand image has a significant influence on purchasing decisions.  The research implications show that for rural communities, promotion of halal cosmetics is more useful for driving purchasing decisions compared to the quality of cosmetic products.
From Performance to Performativity: The Christchurch Mosque Murders and What Came After
Authors: Mazer Sharon
Published: April 2020

On Friday 15th March 2019, a white Australian man armed with assault weapons attacked Muslim worshippers at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand.  Fifty-one people were murdered. Another 49 were injured. Families and their communities were devastated. Almost a year later, they are evermore deeply into the hard, impossibly sad process of recovery. The city of Christchurch, still reeling from the catastrophic earthquakes of 2010-2011, took the blow to its determinedly imperturbable façade hard, but is now moving on. Aotearoa New Zealand likewise. Staged as a series of performances, the attack and its aftermath were also acutely performative. The gunman transmitted the images and sounds of his white-supremacist-fuelled, assault-weaponized violence via livestream on Facebook: himself the protagonist, his victims the unwitting antagonists in a filmed performance for an unseen audience. In response, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern immediately took centre-stage: meeting the media, comforting the victims, commending the first responders, and leading two commemorative events on public platforms set up in the park across from Masjid Al Noor, the primary target. There were other, more ad hoc, performances, too, including haka (ritual chant/dance) by school groups, gang members and other odd individuals in front of Masjid Al Noor. Almost immediately after the mosque murders, plans for films, television specials and serials, and theatre performances began proliferating exponentially. This essay reflects on questions of performance and performativity in the wake of the mosque murders.
PENGARUH SOCIAL SKILLS DAN LIFE SATISFACTION TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT PADA PERAWAT GENERASI Y
Authors: Hanifa Lia , Soeharso Silverius Y , Asrunputri Aisyah Pia , Wicaksana Seta A
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh social skills dan life satisfaction terhadap organizational commitment pada perawat generasi Y. Organizational commitment diukur menggunakan Organizational Commitment Questionnaire dibuat oleh Richard T. Mowday, Richard M. Steers, dan Lyman W. Porter (1979). Social skills menggunakan Social Skills Inventory (SSI) dibuat oleh Ronald. E. Riggio (1989). Life satisfaction menggunakan Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) oleh Ed Diener, Robert A. Emmons, Randy J. Larsen dan Sharon Griffin (1985). Responden penelitian ini perawat berjumlah 109 orang yang bekerja minimal selama satu tahun di rumah sakit x (swasta) dan rumah sakit y (pemerintah) di Jakarta. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara non probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diolah dengan teknik stastistik regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan social skills berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap organizational commitment, life satisfaction berpengaruh secara signifikan pada organizational commitment, serta social skills dan life satisfaction berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap organizational commitment. Model regresi ini mendapatkan nilai dari R Square yaitu sebesar 0,295. Sehingga 29,5% variabel organizational commitment dipengaruhi oleh social skills dan life satisfaction. Berarti semakin tinggi social skills dapat meningkatkan organizational commitment pada seseorang dan semakin tinggi life satisfaction dapat meningkatkan organizational commitment pada seseorang.
Hegelian Anthropology and Ethical Cultivation in the Modern World
Authors: Lewis Thomas A.
Published: April 2020

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La antropología filosófica de Schelling: método antropomorfista y estructura trinitaria
Authors: Augusto Roberto
Published: April 2020

RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es analizar dos de los aspectos básicos de la antropología filosófica de Schelling: el antropomorfismo y la estructura trinitaria del ser humano. Estudiaremos el antropomorfismo en la Freiheitsschrift de 1809 y en Die Weltalter. Veremos también cómo Schelling en las Stuttgarter Privatvorlesungen (1810) diferencia tres partes básicas en el ser humano: «Gemüth», «Geist» y «Seele». En el Antropologisches Schema (1840) la estructura trinitaria consistirá en la voluntad (Wille), el entendimiento (Verstand) y el espíritu (Geist).PALABRAS CLAVESCHELLING, ANTROPOLOGÍA FILOSÓFICA, ANTROPOMORFISMO, IDEALISMO ALEMÁNABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to analyze two of the basic aspects of Schelling’s philosophical anthropology: the anthropomorphist and the Trinitarian structure of the human being. We will study the anthropomorphist in the Freiheitsschrift of 1809 and in Die Weltalter. We will see also how Schelling in the Stuttgarter Privatvorlesungen (1810) differentiates three basic parts in the human being: «Gemüth», «Geist» and «Seele». In the Antropologisches Schema (1840) the Trinitarian structure will consist of the will (Wille), the understanding (Verstand) and the spirit (Geist).KEY WORDSSCHELLING, PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, ANTHROPOMORPHIST, GERMAN IDEALISM
Un olvido en la memoria del exilio: El humanismo de Eduardo Nicol en su Centenario
Authors: Sánchez Cuervo Antolín
Published: April 2020

RESUMENPese a su relevancia en el horizonte del exilio español de 1939, la obra filosófica de Eduardo Nicol (1907-2007) no ha sido estudiada aún con el detenimiento que merece. A lo largo de más de una docena de libros planteó toda una reforma de la razón filosófica, sensible a preocupaciones medulares de nuestro tiempo. Entre otras, la metafísica, cuya crisis contemporánea asumió; la ética, a la que imprimió un sentido dialógico y comunicativo; los límites y prejuicios de la ciencia; o la reflexión hispanista.PALABRAS CLAVEFILOSOFÍA HISPÁNICA, METAFÍSICA, ÉTICA, CIENCIAABSTRACTIn spite of their relevance in the horizon of the Spanish exile of 1939, the philosophical work of Eduardo Nicol (1907-2007) has not still been studied with the thoroughness that deserves. Along more than a dozen of books it outlined an entire reformation of the philosophical reason, sensitive to medullary concerns of our time. Among other, the metaphysics, whose contemporary crisis assumed; the ethics, to which endued a dialogical and communicative sense; the limits and prejudices of the science; or the hispanist reflection.KEY WORDSSPANISH PHILOSOPHY, METAPHYSICS, ETHICS, SCIENCE
Inactualidad y potencialidad de lo físico
Authors: Polo Barrena Leonardo
Published: April 2020

RESUMENEn este trabajo se propone una física filosófica de causas como posible respuesta al problema del realismo que plantea la teoría de la ciencia actual. La clave de la respuesta estriba en la inactualidad y potencialidad de lo físico causal.PALABRAS CLAVESMETAFISICA – FISICA DE CAUSAS – REALISMOABSTRACTThe article defends a causal philosophical physics as a posible answer to the problema of realism set up by the current theory of science. The answers lies in the inactuality and potentiality of causal physics.KEYWORDSMETAPHYSICS – CAUSAL PHYSICS – REALISM
ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПРИРОДА МЕХАНІЗМУ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНО-ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Bondaruk Taisiia , Bondaruk Oleg , Ignatova Iryna
Published: April 2020

У статті проведено ідентифікацію сутнісних характеристик та складових механізмів забезпечення економічної безпеки. Дано авторське визначення механізму забезпечення інвестиційно-інноваційної безпеки як системи організаційних, фінансових, інституційних та правових заходів впливу, спрямованих на своєчасне виявлення та ліквідацію загроз інвестиційно-інноваційній безпеці держави, а також зумовленої тривимірною характеристикою об'єкта безпеки: статичністю, динамічністю та реальністю стану економічного середовища внаслідок дії внутрішніх і зовнішніх загроз. Обґрунтовано, що для ефективного функціонування механізму інвестиційно-інноваційної безпеки необхідно створити умови для стану захищеності економічного середовища, що характеризує дослідження його функціонування у статичному стані в минулому. Механізм забезпечення інвестиційно-інноваційної безпеки передбачає необхідність мобілізації ресурсів для усунення або нейтралізації до допустимого рівня ризиків і загроз, які існують у теперішній період, а також розробки необхідних заходів щодо їх зниження.
РОЗВИТОК E-BANKING: СВІТОВИЙ ТА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Dubyna Maksym , Sheremet Olha
Published: April 2020

Сучасні інформаційні технології вже пронизують більшу частину сфер життєдіяльності людини, особливо швидко розвиваються у фінансовій системі, зокрема, у банківському секторі. Нині банківські установи зацікавлені в інвестуванні власних коштів у розробку передових фінансових технологій, до яких можна віднести й електронний банкінг (e-banking), з метою збереження своєї частки на ринку та забезпечення конкурентоспроможності. У статті розкрито сутність поняття «електронний банкінг» та його форм, виявлено стан та перспективи розвитку електронного банкінгу в європейських країнах та в Україні.
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange for COVID-19 Antiviral Drug Candidates
Authors: Jeong HyeJin , Min Sein , Chae Heelim , Kim Sara , Lee Gunwoo , Namgoong Sung Keon , Jeong Keunhong
Published: April 2020

Several drug candidates have been proposed and tested as the latest clinical treatment for the coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir/lopinavir, and favipiravir are proved to be effective after treatment. The hyperpolarization technique presents an ability to further understand the roles of these drugs at the molecular scale and applications in nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging (NMR/MRI). This technique may provide new opportunities in diagnosis and biomedical research to cope with COVID-19. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE)-based hyperpolarization studies on large-sized drug candidates were carried out. We observed hyperpolarized proton signals from whole structures, due to the unprecedented long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. We also found that the optimum magnetic field for the maximum polarization transfer yield was dependent on the molecular structure. Therefore, future research on isotope labelling and polarization transfer on long T1 time nuclei including clinical perspectives can help us overcome this worldwide pandemic.
Stimuli-Induced Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions in Polyelectrolytesurfactant Complex Coacervates
Authors: Seyrig Chloé , Le Griel Patrick , Cowieson Nathan , PErez Javier , Baccile Niki
Published: April 2020

Polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes (PESCs) are important soft colloids with applications in the field of personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceutics and much else. If their phase diagrams have long been studied under pseudo-equilibrium conditions, and often inside the micellar or vesicular regions, understanding the effect of non-equilibrium conditions, applied at phase boundaries, on the structure of PESCs generates an increasing interest. In this work we cross the micelle-vesicle and micelle-fiber phase boundaries in an isocompositional surfactantpolyelectrolyte aqueous system through a continuous and rapid variation of pH. We employ two microbial glycolipid biosurfactants in the presence of polyamines, both systems being characterized by their responsiveness to pH. We show that complex coacervates (Co) are always formed in the micellar region of both glycolpids’ phase diagram and that their phase behaviour drives the PESCs stability and structure. However, for glycolipid forming single-wall vesicles, we observe an isostructural and isodimensional transition between complex coacervates and a multilamellar walls vesicle (MLWV) phase. For the fiber-forming glycolipid, on the contrary, the complex coacervate disassembles into free polyelecrolyte coexisting with the equilibrium fiber phase. Last but not least, this work also demonstrates the use of microbial glycolipid biosurfactants in the development of sustainable PESCs.
Computational Study of the Stereoselectivity Profiles of the Diels-Alder Cycloaddition Reactions of Cyclopentadiene and Butadiene with Cyclopropenes
Authors: Yadav Veejendra
Published: April 2020

The endo and exo stereoselectivities of the Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition reactions of 3,3-disubstituted cyclopropenes with butadiene and cyclopentadiene, the latter for the first time, were investigated by means of density functional and quantum chemical calculations for a comparison. To establish distinction between the selectivites, activation free energies were systematically estimated in the gas phase and also in solvents. The differential activation free energies clearly predict exclusive endo configuration of the products formed from the reaction of the unsubstituted cyclopropene with butadiene and cyclopentadiene. However, the results were found to be markedly different for the substituted cyclopropenes from available experimental selectivities. It was also discovered that butadiene and cyclopentadiene are markedly different in their respective stereospecific product yields, nevertheless the difference between the two was only a methylene group. The failure of the differential activation free energy approach to predict the experimental stereoselectivities of the DA reactions of several perhalocyclopropenes with cyclopentadiene is probably due to yet insufficient development of the various theoretical models dealing with the endo and exo DA preferences.
Direct Operando Observation of Double Layer Charging and Early SEI Formation in Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Mozhzhukhina Nataliia , Flores Eibar , Lundström Robin , Nystrom Ville , Kitz Paul , Edström Kristina , Berg Erik
Published: April 2020

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is one of the most critical, yet least understood, components to guarantee a stable, long-lived and safe operation of the Li-ion cell. Herein, the early stages of SEI formation in a typical commercially-available LiPF6 and organic carbonate based Li-ion electrolyte are explored by operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS), and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The electric double-layer is directly observed to charge as Li+ solvated by EC progressively accumulates at the negatively charged electrode surface. Further negative polarization triggers SEI formation as evidenced by H2 evolution, electrode mass deposition, and expulsion of the electrolyte from the electrode surface. Electrolyte impurities, such as HF and H2O, are reduced early and contribute in a multistep electro-/chemical process to an inorganic SEI layer rich in LiF and Li2CO3. These results underline the strong influence of trace impurities on the buildup of the SEI layer, and give new insight into the formation mechanism of the multi-layered SEI. The presented study is a model example of how a combination of complementary and highly surface-sensitive operando characterization techniques offer a step forward to understand interfacial phenomenon and SEI formation mechanisms in future Li-ion batteries
Nilai-Nilai Budaya Sekolah: Studi Kasus Penerapan dan Pengembangan Budaya di SMA Negeri 3 Bantul
Authors: Khumayroh Fasilatun
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to determine the cultural values applied to a particular school in SMA Negeri 3 Bantul, Yogyakarta. By involving educators and learners, this study was conducted with descriptive approach to the observation of the school environment, observe, and also interview. From research conducted shows that the values of the culture at SMA N 3 Bantul develop according to the collective agreement as a hallmark of the school and implemented in daily activities at school by all parties, both educators, students, and educators.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Konsep Pendidikan Muhammadiyah
Authors: Akhmad Fandi
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of character education in the concept of Muhammadiyah education in SD Muhammadiyah Kademangaran, Tegal Regency. Tegal. Educational concept in Muhammadiyah pioneered by KH. Ahmad Dahlan uses holistic education. Education that combines general education and religion in one curriculum. Holistic education is expected to be able to make students have cognitive and spiritual abilities, which make students competent in general and religious abilities. KH character education. Ahmad Dahlan is forming Muslim people who are noble minded, wide-sighted and understand worldly science issues and are willing to fight for the progress of society at large. The concept of Muhammadiyah education is centered into four things that must be interrelated, namely schools, families, communities and mosques. Data collected through interviews with information sources, observations, and documentation studies will be analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. Based on the results of the descriptive analysis it was revealed that (1) the implementation of character education through the concept of Muhammadiyah education in SD Muhammadiyah Kademangaran Tegal Regency through the integration of the four Muhammadiyah education centers has not been fully carried out in integration with families. (2) the effectiveness of character education programs in the concept of Muhammadiyah education needs to be improved in terms of the integration between education in the school environment and the family environment. In addition, in the community environment, the Muhammadiyah Kademangaran Elementary School in Tegal Regency is still cooperating with Muhammadiyah people only, while the general public is still not integrated (3) The constraints faced in the implementation of character education in the Muhammadiyah concept in the Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Tegal Regency are many student guardians or student guardians who simply hand over their children's education to the school in this case SD Muhammadiyah Kademangaran Tegal Regency
Vulnerabilidade Ambiental à Erosão Hídrica em uma Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica pelo Processo Analítico Hierárquico
Authors: Ribeiro André dos Santos , Mincato Ronaldo Luiz , Curi Nilton , Kawakubo Fernando Shinji
Published: April 2020

A erosão hídrica é uma das maiores causas de depauperamento dos solos no mundo. No Brasil, a erosão causa a perda de produtividade, o avanço das fronteiras agrícolas, o assoreamento e a contaminação dos corpos d'água e a perda da biodiversidade. Neste cenário, para contribuir com o planejamento ambiental e a gestão territorial, foi avaliada a vulnerabilidade ambiental à erosão hídrica da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Mandu, sul de Minas Gerais, pela análise empírica da fragilidade dos ambientes naturais e antropizados. Para tanto, foram considerados os componentes da paisagem: uso do solo, relevo, solo, geologia e clima, em ordem decrescente de importância, pelo Processo Analítico Hierárquico. Foi verificado que os usos do solo estão adequados em 32,72% e inadequados em 67,28% da área. Mais especificamente, 17,68% apresentam forte propensão à erosão hídrica e 0,08% são locais em que os impactos diretos da erosão hídrica são irreversíveis. Portanto, a adoção de técnicas de manejo adequadas para as pastagens, a erradicação dos solos expostos e a redefinição dos locais de produção de café e da agricultura temporária atenuariam os impactos ambientais.
Microclima e Conforto Térmico na Área da Mata da Bica no Município de Portalegre/RN
Authors: Silveira Iáskara Michelly de Medeiros , Carvalho Rodrigo Guimarães de
Published: April 2020

A cidade de Portalegre, localizada na Região Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, está situada no topo de uma serra com cerca de 650 m de altitude. O relevo justifica uma condição climática de excepcionalidade ao contexto geral do semiárido, com chuvas mais abundantes e uma temperatura mais amena. As condições ambientais tornam-se mais singulares devido à presença de brejos de altitude, sendo o mais conhecido deles a Mata da Bica, que se localiza no entorno da área urbana. A área do brejo foi transformada em um Terminal Turístico e mantém uma mata arbórea, uma nascente com espelho d’água e uma bica. A problemática desta pesquisa é compreender se na Mata da Bica, as condições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar são mais confortáveis em função da manutenção da cobertura vegetal e se esse serviço ambiental é um motivador da visitação. Foram realizadas duas coletas de dados para monitoramento da temperatura e da umidade durante 24 h em três pontos com coberturas do solo diferentes: o ponto 1 na Mata da Bica; o ponto 2 na área urbana; e o ponto 3 na zona rural. Junto a isso, foi verificada a opinião da população quanto ao conforto térmico na Mata da Bica e na área urbana. Confirmando a hipótese da pesquisa, a área de menor temperatura e maior conforto térmico foi a Mata da Bica, e obteve-se a indicação de que a condição climática do local é um dos serviços ambientais responsáveis pela atração turística.   A B S T R A C T The city of Portalegre, located in the West Region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, is on the top of an approximately 650 m altitude scarp. The relief justifies a weather condition of exceptionality to the general semi-arid context, with more abundant rains and milder temperatures. Environmental conditions become more peculiar due to the presence of high altitude marshes, being Mata da Bica the best-known, located in the surroundings of the urban zone of Portalegre. The marsh area was transformed into a Tourist Terminal. It features an arboreal, a spring with water surface and a water fountain. This research aims to understand if, at Mata da Bica, the temperature and air relative humidity conditions are more comfortable depending on the maintenance of the plant cover and if this environmental service motivates visitation. Two data collections were conducted to monitor the temperature and humidity for 24 h on three areas with different ground covers: area 1 at Mata da Bica; area 2 in the urban zone; and area 3 in the rural zone. The data collected were analyzed, and the opinion of the population was verified regarding thermal comfort at Mata da Bica and in the urban zone. As expected, the area with the lowest temperature and highest thermal comfort was Mata da Bica, and it was also confirmed that the weather is one of the environmental services responsible for tourist attraction.  Key words: Thermal comfort. Environmental service. Urban climate.
Vulnerabilidade Social, Percepções de Riscos e Desastres: Conceitos e Abordagens no/do Urbano (Social Vulnerability, Risk and Disaster Perceptions: Concepts and Approaches in/from the Urban Context)
Authors: Medeiros Monalisa Cristina Silva , Barbosa Marx Prestes
Published: April 2020

O meio ambiente urbano reflete um leque de problemas de ordem social e ambiental, que é resultado do processo de urbanização desordenado observado sobretudo nas grandes cidades, e implica em situações de risco e vulnerabilidade que podem se materializar com o desastre. Diante desse cenário, as preocupações de pesquisadores se voltam para estudos que possam contribuir na implementação de medidas que visem reduzir ou mitigar os riscos que fazem parte do cotidiano destas populações bem como suas vulnerabilidades. Assim, o presente texto oferece uma discussão sobre os aspectos conceituais referentes ao risco, vulnerabilidade social e desastre, e como estão interrelacionados, buscando também esclarecer as confusões conceituais que permeiam esta temática. E ainda destaca a importância da percepção do risco no contexto urbano como uma importante ferramenta na gestão da diminuição do risco, buscando assim contribuir com as questões teóricas que envolvem essa ciência emergente que trata dos riscos, em função de sua importância para nosso cotidiano e para a futura qualidade de vida das pessoas.   A B S T R A C T The urban environment reflects an array of social and environmental problems, which are the result of the disorderly urbanization process observed mainly in larger cities, and imply risk and vulnerability situations that can materialize as disasters. In this scenario, researchers’ worries are turning to studies that contribute to the implementation of policies that aim to reduce or relieve the risks of these populations’ everyday lives, as well as their vulnerabilities. Hence, the present study proposes a discussion about the conceptual aspects concerning risk, social vulnerability and disaster, and how they are correlated, also aiming to clarify the misconceptions that permeate this theme. It also stresses the importance of risk perception in the urban context as an important tool in risk reduction, thus aiming to contribute with theoretical questions that involve this emerging science, risk studying, which is so important to our daily lives, as well as to people’s life quality in the future. Keywords: Risk; vulnerability; disaster and risk perception.
Análise Multitemporal dos Lençóis Maranhenses Entre 1984 a 2014 Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto Orbital (Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Lençóis Maranhenses Between 1984 and 2014 Using Orbital Remote Sensing)
Authors: Araujo Thiago Diniz , Fonseca Eliana Lima da
Published: April 2020

A análise multitemporal possibilita comparar uma mesma paisagem entre dois ou mais períodos, auxiliando no monitoramento das suas dinâmicas. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a dinâmica de caráter espaço-temporal do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, mapeando as mudanças do sistema dunário a partir de imagens de satélite, no período de 1984 a 2014. Para esta análise foram utilizadas imagens de satélite adquiridas pelos sensores TM-Landsat 5 e OLI-Landsat 8. A borda limite do parque, na parte interior do continente, foi vetorizada para o ano inicial e final da análise, gerando mapas com o deslocamento das dunas no período de 31 anos o que permitiu identificar as áreas de avanço e retração do sistema dunário. A área total de avanço das dunas foi de 23,69 km² enquanto que a retração apresentou 14,95 km². Identificou-se expansão das dunas do litoral em direção ao interior do continente no sentido nordeste - sudoeste, seguindo a circulação dos ventos alísios. Foram selecionados quatro pontos de observações onde foram monitoradas as mudanças na cobertura do solo a partir da variação anual dos valores de reflectância da superfície na banda do infravermelho próximo, permitindo identificar o tipo de mudança quanto o tempo de ocorrência das mesmas.  A B S T R A C T The multi-temporal analysis allows comparing the same landscape between two or more time periods, assisting in the monitoring of its dynamics. The objective of this study were to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of the Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, mapping the changes in the dunes system using satellite imagery, from 1984 to 2014. For this analysis were used satellite images acquired by TM-Landsat 5 and OLI-Landsat 8 sensors. The park boundary, in the inner part of the continent, was vectored for the initial and final year of analysis, generating maps with the changes in the dunes locations in the 31 years period identified the forward areas and retraction and areas. The total area of advancement of dunes was 23.69 km² while the downturn area was 14.95 km². It was identified expansion of coastal dunes toward the interior of the continent towards northeast - southwest, following the movement of trade winds. Were selected four points of observations which were monitored changes in land cover from the annual change of the surface reflectance values in the near infrared band, allowing identify both the type of change and its time of occurrence.Keywords: remote sensing, environmental monitoring, migration of sediment.