bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilayers strategy with a mixed CdTe/ZnTe absorber layer for optical trapping and efficiency improvement in CdTe-based solar – SCAPS modelling
Authors: Daouda  , Tchangnwa Nya Fridolin , Dzifack Kenfack Guy Maurel , Laref Amel , Mohamadou Alidou
Published: March 2024

This work is a theoretical contribution to improving the performance of CdTe-based thin-film solar cells (TFSC) by optimising the collection of photons in the absorber structure. The basic data are retrieved from experimental reference work and the reference structure is as follows: CdS/CdTe/ZnTe with an efficiency of 20.16%, where ZnTe is used as a BSF to limit backward recombination. The first approach is to incorporate a ZnTe thin layer at the CdS/CdTe heterojunction, to subdivide the CdTe active layer into two (02) sub-layers and to identify the optimum structure as a function of their position in the stack. Investigating the work function of back contact materials enables to better enhance the device′s performance and stability. To take into consideration the discontinuities in the material properties, grain boundaries and performance loss factors, the impacts of charge carrier capture cross sections, bulk and interfacial defects are investigated. SCAPS software is employed for all the numerical modelling, which enables to calculate the current-voltage (J-V), power-voltage (P-V), external quantum efficiency (EQE) and other PV parameters and to draw energy band diagram to better appraise charge carrier transportation. The doping level in the CdTe active layer, the thicknesses and external temperature are also investigated to optimize our device properties. In terms of the obtained fill factor (FF) and efficiency (PCE), the performances were improved with the following structure CdS/CdTe/ZnTe/CdTe/ZnTe, FF = 81.6% and PCE = 23.45%, with 500 nm thickness of CdTe. These results are opening a promising new perspective in high efficiency CdTe TFSC.
Non-metricity with boundary terms: 𝖿(𝖰,𝖢) gravity and cosmology
Authors: De Avik , Loo Tee-How , Saridakis Emmanuel N.
Published: March 2024

We formulate f(Q,C) gravity and cosmology. Such a
construction is based on the symmetric teleparallel geometry, but apart
form the non-metricity scalar Q we incorporate in the Lagrangian the
boundary term C of its difference from the standard Levi-Civita Ricci scalar
 R̊. We extract the general metric and affine connection field equations,
we apply them at a cosmological framework, and
adopting three different types of symmetric teleparallel affine connections
we obtain the modified Friedmann equations. As we show, we acquire an
effective dark-energy sector of geometrical origin, which can lead to
interesting cosmological phenomenology.
Additionally,
we may obtain an effective interaction between matter and dark energy.
Finally, examining a specific model, we
show that we can obtain the usual thermal
history of the universe, with the sequence of matter and dark-energy epochs,
while the effective dark-energy equation-of-state
parameter can be quintessence-like, phantom-like, or cross the phantom-divide
during evolution.
Vortex creep heating in neutron stars
Authors: Fujiwara Motoko , Hamaguchi Koichi , Nagata Natsumi , Ramirez-Quezada Maura E.
Published: March 2024

Recent observations of old warm neutron stars suggest the presence of a heating source in these stars, requiring a paradigm beyond the standard neutron-star cooling theory. In this work, we study the scenario where this heating is caused by the friction associated with the creep motion of neutron superfluid vortex lines in the crust. As it turns out, the heating luminosity in this scenario is proportional to the time derivative of the angular velocity of the pulsar rotation,
and the proportionality constant J has an approximately universal value for all neutron stars. This J parameter can be determined from the temperature observation of old neutron stars because the heating luminosity is balanced with the photon emission at late times.
We study the latest data of neutron star temperature observation and find that these data indeed give similar values of J, in favor of the assumption that the frictional motion of vortex lines heats these neutron stars. These values turn out to be consistent with the theoretical calculations of the vortex-nuclear interaction.
Thermodynamics for regular black holes as intermediate thermodynamic states and quasinormal frequencies
Authors: Huang Bai-Hao , Hu Han-Wen , Zhao Liu
Published: March 2024

The thermodynamics for regular black holes (RBHs) is considered
under the restricted phase space (RPS) formalism.
It is shown that the RPS formalism seems to hold for RBHs,
however, in order for the extensive thermodynamic parameters to be
independent from each other, the RBHs need to be viewed as intermediate
thermodynamic states in a larger class of black holes (BHs) which
admit both regular and singular states. This idea is checked for
several classes of BHs. In particular, for the electrically
charged Hayward class BHs, it is shown that the regular states
can either be thermodynamically stable or unstable, depending on
the amount of charges carried by the BHs. The quasinormal
frequencies for the Hayward class BHs are also analyzed,
and it turns out that, even for the thermodynamically unstable
regular states, the dynamic stability still holds, at least under
massless scalar perturbations.
Photodynamic processes for water and wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Silva Kamila Jessie Sammarro , Lima Alessandra Ramos , Dias Lucas Danilo , Garbuio Matheus , de Souza Mariana , Correa Thaila Quatrini , Blanco Kate Cristina , Sanches Edgar Aparecido , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , Inada Natalia Mayumi
Published: March 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely employed in clinical applications, healthcare, and public health (e.g. cancer research, microbiological control, vector control, etc). The photodynamic action is an advanced oxidation process based on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen by the excitation of a photosensitizer by specific wavelengths of light in the presence of molecular oxygen. The generation of ROS, which are highly reactive, encourages the use of PDT against recalcitrant pollutants and resistant parasites, a novel approach for PDT applications. Here, we explored recent research in PDT in water and wastewater treatment, elucidating operational conditions, main targets, potentials, and constraints, considering a collection of scientific papers curated by a well-defined research strategy. Retrieved records were filtered by subjects, and data was organized into a content network. Results showed that PDT is a timely alternative to deal with emerging chemical contaminants, resistant microorganisms, and other challenges, raising opportunities for versatile applications and sustainable solutions. Advances in environmental applications of PDT may help reach the Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), but also positively impact other SDGs.
Implementation of radioactivity in primary school physics lessons
Authors: Wirth Alex , Pavlin Jerneja
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the results of the study on the knowledge of radioactivity among primary school students. For the purpose of the study, a teaching unit on radioactivity was designed. Data were collected using online instruments: knowledge test and questionnaire. 70 primary school students were included in the study and the pre-post design was used. The results show an improvement in knowledge about radioactivity after a teaching unit on radioactivity and no change in views about the use of nuclear energy.
A teaching-learning sequence on colour in the context of a motivational stage for high school students
Authors: Aurelio Daniele , Aimè Chiara , Budassi Ettore , Malgieri Massimiliano , Maragnano Diego , Montagna Paolo , Pirola Michele , Restelli Simone , Santostasi Davide , Venturini Simone , Zatti Luca
Published: March 2024

In this article we present a Teaching-Learning Sequence (TLS) on colour performed in the non-formal setting of a vocational stage with a sample of N=38 18-year-old high school students. Based both on previous educational research and the analysis of the characteristics of the Italian high school curriculum, the TLS adopts cooperative experimental investigation activities with low-cost equipment which help students distinguish different physical situations involving the combination of colours; furthermore, it focuses on developing a solid understanding of the connection between the physics and physiology of colour phenomena. The TLS was highly appreciated by students and, thanks in part to the inclusion of advanced topics such as photonic crystals and plasmons, it may have a significant motivational value.
A new educational approach to surface tension and Young-Laplace law by using computer-based simulations
Authors: Battaglia Onofrio Rosario , Termini Giulia , Agliolo Gallitto Aurelio , Fazio Claudio
Published: March 2024

Here we present a pedagogical approach to surface tension phenomena based on a novel mesoscopic fluid model. We show that computer simulations based on this model can provide quantitative results that are consistent with experimental results. We simulate the formation of a two-dimensional liquid droplet without gravity and obtain its surface tension as a result by also verifying Young-Laplace’s law. By controlling some simulation parameters, students can understand step by step how some physical quantities (e.g., the intensity of the interaction between two fluid particles) can affect the behaviour of fluids. This approach will provide students with an explicative model of surface phenomena.
Dulong-Petit’s law and Boltzmann’s theoretical proof from the Kinetic Theory of Gases
Authors: Rosa P , Souza A
Published: March 2024

The main aspect that we will address in this work is the introductory presentation of the empirical law of the specific heats of material bodies, published by Dulong and Petit on April 12, 1819, in the magazine Comptes Rendus. The analytical demonstration of this law appeared for the first time in 1866 in the Doctoral Thesis of the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, according to the research carried out by Cássio C. Laranjeiras and presented in his Doctoral Thesis in 2002. In the introduction we discussed how Dulong’s law and Petit played a key role in the subsequent development of a new physics (Quantum Mechanics), when Max Planck changed his research program from electrodynamics to thermodynamics, evidenced in the book: Black Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912, published by Thomas Khun in 1978. Between 1900 and 1912, we observed that fundamental works published by Albert Einstein, Henri Poincaré and Peter Debye explained the mathematical relationship of this empirical law based on Planck’s hypothesis of the quantum of action of blackbody radiation. Despite the controversy over the authorship of the law, whether it would have been formulated in advance by Arago, we agree with Robert Fox that it was the results of Dulong and Petit’s experiments that led to the formulation of the law.
Games for Quantum Physics Education
Authors: Chiofalo Maria Luisa (Marilù) , Foti Caterina , Lazzeroni Cristina , Maniscalco Sabrina , Seskir Zeki C. , Sherson Jacob , Weidner Carrie Ann , Michelini Marisa
Published: March 2024

As the second quantum revolution comes to pass with its potential to revolutionize our lives, it becomes increasingly relevant to educate the public about quantum mechanics. Quantum literacy is also a formidable challenge and opportunity for a massive cultural uplift, since it fosters the possibility for citizens to engender their creativity and practice a new way of thinking. However, quantum theory is highly counterintuitive, manifesting in a reality we have no direct experience of, and represented by mathematically difficult formalisms. Here, we propose that games can provide a playground for engaging forms of experimental and symbolic literacy accessible to anyone. We discuss the theoretical foundations underlying this idea in the framework of a global educational strategy, illustrate existing examples of its implementation along different dimensions related to educational, citizen-science, and age-related contexts, and envision future challenges.
Understanding the relation between classical and quantum mechanics: prospects for undergraduate teaching
Authors: Mauro M Di , Drago A , Naddeo A
Published: March 2024

Classical and quantum mechanics are two very different theories, each describing the world within its own range of validity. It is often stated that classical mechanics emerges from quantum mechanics in a certain limit. This is known as the correspondence principle. According to Planck’s version of the correspondence principle, classical mechanics is recovered when the limit in which a dimensionless parameter containing Planck’s constant h goes to zero is taken, while Bohr’s version entails taking the limit of large quantum numbers. However, despite what is usually stated in textbooks, the relation between the two theories is much more complex to state and understand. Here we deal with this issue by analysing some key examples, in some of which also the analogously subtle relation between wave and geometric optics is considered. Implications for quantum mechanics teaching at undergraduate level are carefully discussed.
A 5E-based learning experience to introduce concepts relevant in Quantum Physics
Authors: Obbo Joseph , Dillmann Baudouin , Adorno Dominique Persano
Published: March 2024

We here present and discuss a 5E-based learning activity focused on introductory concepts of Quantum Physics experienced at the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering of a Kenyan University. The described constructivist environment aimed at supporting an effective understanding of concepts very relevant in Modern Physics, such as wave-particle dualism, discretization, de Broglie wavelength, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle, atomic models, particle in a box, etc., by triggering a chain of reasoned investigation, inquiry, problem solving, and collaboration with peers. As it is well known, the 5E-based learning cycle is a student-centred instructional approach which helps learners to broaden their views on the concepts and link together the ideas, by means of five phases of instruction: Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration, and Evaluation. Our findings show the proposed workflows successfully engaged students into active learning, stimulating the activation of the inquiry process and, at the same time, supporting the clarifying of important experimental and technological aspects of modern physics. This learning path represents a feasible example of a combination of a traditional lecture-based teaching method with laboratory and computational activities.
Innovation, Enterprise and Physics Education: Weaving Paradigms for World of Work
Authors: Jolly Pratibha
Published: March 2024

There are global concerns about the employability potential of the young graduates. Increasingly, the young are expected to contribute to the innovation ecosystem, be economically productive, and capable of being self-employed, enterprising and entrepreneurial. An overview of the national policies and practices is provided to illustrate the sweeping changes being brought about at all levels of education. The paper explores how enterprise and entrepreneurial education can be embedded in mainstream physics education. The assertion is that dynamic and creative teaching-learning environments have long included action-learning in various measures. Case study of work undertaken by the author exemplifies how collaborative student projects provide the opportunity for embedding innovation and enterprise in curricular and cocurrricular activities in transdisciplinary contexts. An overarching perspective highlights challenges, opportunities and implementable action plans.
Physics Education from a decolonial perspective: a case study with Brazilian curriculum
Authors: Mometti C , Tajmel T , Pietrocola M
Published: March 2024

The educational process is characterized as a set of pedagogical actions developed for a particular social group and provided with intentionality. In this sense, every pedagogical action involves an intention, which transfers and reproduces cultural patterns that materialize in social values and traditions. In this context, the postmodern decolonial thinking discussed by Quijano (2019), Mignolo and Walsh (2018), and Abdi (2011) are inserted, as well as the epistemological aspects given by Santos (2020). Thus, with this paper, we seek to present a case study developed in Brazil about the colonial influences that manifest themselves in the science curriculum of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, taking Physics Education as the context for analysis. For that, we used as a method of analysis the Discourse Analysis given by the France perspective about the ideological construction of the discourse. As preliminary results, we identified that the absence of an original Brazilian structure for the construction of the analyzed curriculum corroborates the perspectives of a form of colonization characterized by us as at the primary level, that is, epistemic. With the investigation, we hope to contribute to understanding which the cultural lens that act as a colonizing operator on the set of scientific standards and Brazilian scientific representativeness.
The articulation between the STS Approach and Environmental Education for the contextualization of Acoustics in Physics Teaching
Authors: Moraes Roberto Barreto de , Vianna Deise Miranda
Published: March 2024

Noise pollution presents itself in an invisible, dangerous, and permanent way, with long-lasting consequences. Acoustic discomfort within the school environment affects not only human health but also the quality of verbal communication and student performance. An appropriate acoustic environment contributes to the improvement of the teaching and learning process in addition to enhancing the interpersonal relationships involved in the educational process. Moreover, it is important to introduce acoustics-related subjects, such as environmental noise, into high school science and physics syllabi. As urban noise is a global concern and scope, students may face the need to make decisions related to environmental practices in their future lives, such as those concerning comfortable sound levels. Articulating the STS Approach with Environmental Education, we seek to combine the interdisciplinary content of Acoustics with an environmental awareness that goes beyond mere conservationist reductionism. In addition to the mandatory curricular knowledge, STS Education adopts a scientific and technological education based on a social construction that is culturally and socially contextualized.
Investigating the relationships between students’ reasoning in Socio-Scientific Issues and knowledge about scientific inquiry and modelling
Authors: Sciarretta Walter , Testa Italo
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we investigate the relationships between students’ reasoning about socio-scientific issues and their knowledge about scientific inquiry and modeling. To this aim, we developed a teaching-learning sequence for Italian high school students (10th grade) during which the students were familiarized with the basic aspects of scientific inquiry and modelling and then confronted with the controversial scenario of the closing of a steel manufacture plant in Italy. The results show that students’ knowledge of models and the scientific inquiry does not seem adequate to achieve a sufficient level of competence in socio-scientific reasoning. Implication for teaching practice about physics-based socio-scientific issues will be briefly discussed.
Investigating the trends of developing students’ experimental competency through inquiry-based laboratory approach: A systematic literature review
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Loan , Nguyen Van Bien , Tran Ngoc Chat
Published: March 2024

This systematic literature review aims to analyze research trends in inquiry-based laboratory on the development of students’ experimental competency. The review followed a PRISMA approach. This study applied PRISMA by conducting a comprehensive literature search across two prominent online databases SCOPUS and ERIC. As a result, we identified 48 studies published between 2011 and 2021, which are categorized into eight distinct themes: (1) the traditional laboratory and inquiry-based laboratory (IBL), (2) IBL implementation and curriculum, (3) types of IBL, (4) students’ perceptions of teaching assistants and benefits of IBL, (5) IBL to enhance skills and knowledge, (6) students’ attitude towards IBL, (7) the factors support student learning in IBL, (8) IBL to improve students’ autonomy and self-efficacy. Hence, it is suggested that future research focus more on applying IBL for General Physics Laboratory courses to improve physics teacher education students’ experimental competency.
The Advanced Learning Platform for Analog Circuits and Automation for hybrid electronic practicals
Authors: Docter M W , Bastemeijer J
Published: March 2024

To maintain experimental lab course work during the COVID-19 lockdowns, we chose a hybrid approach for our electronic instrumentation course and developed thereto the Advanced Learning Platform for Analog Circuits and Automation (ALPACA). To further meet our goals and standards, the ALPACA platform has been updated, using a Raspberry Pi Pico with Python instead of an Arduino. Our educational materials and approach are illustrated here through the typical example of a relaxation oscillator assignment. As student’s feedback was overall positive and grades remained comparable, we continue the use of the ALPACA in the non-COVID era.
Video clips in physics education
Authors: Greczyło Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Film recordings – video clips – have been used in the teaching and learning processes for decades. At the very beginning, the dominant role was played by television and professionally prepared recordings on portable media (e.g. LaserDiscs). With the advancement of technology and the emergence of new media, as well as the revolution in access to image and sound recording and processing devices, video clips – including amateur ones – have become the dominant path of contemporary visual communication. The paper is of an overview character and discusses examples of educational use of video in physics education in the past and at present, including TV lectures, popular science programs, dedicated video materials and educational environments, software for video measurement and evaluation of learning outcomes. Various illustrations along with literature references are given to outline potential educational pathways in making use of video clips as didactically valuable medium in teaching - learning physics.
Usage of Augmented Reality in Physics Education: Erasmus+ KA201 Project ARphymedes
Authors: Dolenc S , Susman K , Pavlin J.
Published: March 2024

School physics is often mentioned as one of the least preferred subjects because the concepts can be complex and difficult to understand. At the same time, experiments are an important aspect to illustrate the process/concept/phenomenon, but there is often not enough time to do so. An interactive way that could increase students’ motivation during these times and allow them to deepen their knowledge of physics is through the use of augmented reality. The aim of this paper is to present the project AR Physics made for students (acronym: ARphymedes), which addresses the above problem.
How to develop modelling competence for Vietnamese students
Authors: Tran B T , Nguyen Q t
Published: March 2024

Developing modeling competence is an educational objective in many countries such as “SEP 2: Developing and Using Models” in Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). In Vietnam, the new physics-education curriculum has clearly defined the key learning outcomes, including modeling-competence elements as well. Experiencing modelling cycle is an effective way to develop modelling competence for students. Our recent work studies which tool is suitable for students and how to integrate this tool in modelling activities. This paper presents the use of Coach 7 modelling software to investigate common physics phenomenon of oscillations, shows feasibility and effectiveness of these activities via tryout.
In-service Physics Teachers in the Light of Principles and Tenets of Human Learning: Introduction to Sampling Frequency
Authors: Demkanin Peter
Published: March 2024

Sensors specially designed for use in schools to measure values of physical quantities within physics education have already had their place in science education theory for some decades. In this contribution, the effective use of sensors is discussed in the light of principles and tenets of human learning, as proposed by colleagues researching the application of neuroscience to education. The contribution focuses on in-service physics teachers’ training, and the application of the principles and tenets is illustrated on the topic of sampling frequency, introduction to sampling frequency at the age of 12 and another example at the higher secondary school.
The MUonE DAQ: online track-finding and
event selection in hardware at 40 MHz
Authors: Magherini Matteo ,   the MUonE collaboration
Published: March 2024

High-intensity particle beams provide a significant challenge to DAQ systems, especially in complex architectures reading out many sensors. The MUonE experiment has been conducting beam tests using the M2 muon beam at CERN, with in-spill intensity of 5 × 107 muons/s, using tracking modules equipped with silicon strip sensors and a module readout bandwidth of 5 Gb/s. A pilot run has been performed in late summer 2023, incorporating several such modules arranged in three tracking stations and a prototype of an electromagnetic calorimeter connected to a triggerless readout system. Limits on processing and data storage will necessitate online event selection to be implemented in hardware, on state-of-the-art AMD-Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGAs.
The status and plans of the MUonE DAQ operation will be presented, outlining a general purpose platform for online event selection, from simple occupancy cuts, to track reconstruction, vertexing, and particle identification.
An FPGA-based front-end module emulator for the High Granularity Timing Detector
Authors: Ge Zhenwu , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lei , Han Liangliang ,   the ATLAS HGTD collaboration
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces an FPGA-based front-end module emulator developed for the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) within the ATLAS experiment at LHC. The emulator serves as a debugger for the HGTD readout system during the stage when the front-end module is not available. Using a Xilinx-Spartan 7 FPGA, the emulator mimics the behavior of the ASIC utilized in the front-end module. In addition, it shares the same dimensions and connectors as its successor, the real front-end module. This emulator has been effectively employed in the design and testing of the HGTD.
Commissioning and first results of the 174 GHz collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Moseev D. , Ponomarenko S. , Laqua H.P. , Stange T. , Nielsen S.K. , Braune H. , Gantenbein G. , Illy S. , Jelonnek J. , Kasparek W. , Kuleshov A. , Krier L. , Lechte C. , Marsen S. , Nishiura M. , Plaum B. , Ragona R. , Ruess T. , Salewski M. , Stordiau P. , Thumm M. , Wolf R.C. , Zimmermann J. , W7-X Team the
Published: March 2024

Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostics measure the scattering spectrum of monochromatic incident radiation off collective fluctuations in the plasma. In this contribution, we present the first results from the upgraded CTS diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) operating in the frequency range between 172 and 176 GHz. This frequency range allows for minimization of noise originating from the electron cyclotron emission in the plasma. Consequently, the good signal-to-noise ratio allows measurements of fast ions or bulk plasma parameters with higher temporal resolution compared with the previously used 140 GHz system.
Optimization of pulse shape discrimination based on frequency domain for SiPM-based NaIL scintillator detector
Authors: Li JunYu , Fan Peng , Zhu ChengLin , Wang MengMeng , Wei ZhiYong , Xia Yan
Published: March 2024

Frequency gradient analysis (FGA) neutron-gamma pulse shape
discrimination (PSD) based on Fourier transform has proved to be an
effective method for discrimination between two types of pulses by
simply constructing a discrimination parameter by subtracting the
amplitude of the 1st frequency component from the 0th frequency
component. However, the discrimination parameter constructed by the
above method could not meet the requirements at some lower sample
rates, and the dark noise caused using optoelectronic devices such
as miniaturized SiPMs array further erodes the difference between
the two frequency components. This paper proposes a new
discrimination parameter construction method based on FGA for
neutron-gamma discrimination, which is referred as mFGA (modified
FGA). This discrimination parameter uses the 0th frequency component
and other frequency components to enhance the discrimination
performance. A neutron detector module consisting of a
25.4 mm× 25.4 mm× 50.8 mm
NaI:Tl,6Li (NaIL) scintillator and an array of 8 × 8
SiPMs was established to verify the method of mFGA. The module
measured a 252Cf neutron source under three shielding
conditions: no shield, 5 cm high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and
10 cm lead brick. The proposed mFGA method was used to calculate
the figure of merit (FoM) under each shielding condition and
compared to the traditional frequency gradient method (FGA) and the
traditional charge comparison method (CCM). The results show that
the discrimination performance with the mFGA method is significantly
improved. Taking the HDPE shielding group as an example, the
performances of the three methods are FoM-FGA =1.14,
FoM-mFGA =2.75, FoM-CCM =0.92. At the same time,
with the increase of energy, due to the neutron gamma pulse becoming
similar, and the discrimination performance of FGA and CCM decrease
significantly. The discrimination performance of the mFGA method is
relatively stable in all energy regions. Therefore, the proposed
method is superior to the traditional FGA of the 0th frequency minus
the 1st frequency and has a good application prospect for
neutron-gamma discrimination with detectors of poor signal quality.
Spot-based measurement of the brighter-fatter effect on a Roman Space Telescope H4RG detector and comparison with flat-field data
Authors: Plazas Malagón Andrés A. , Shapiro Charles , Choi Ami , Hirata Chris
Published: March 2024

We present the measurement and characterization of the
brighter-fatter effect (BFE) on a NASA Roman Space Telescope
development Teledyne H4RG-10 near-infrared detector using laboratory
measurements with projected point sources. After correcting for
other interpixel non-linearity effects such as classical
non-linearity and inter-pixel capacitance, we quantify the magnitude
of the BFE by calculating the fractional area change per electron of
charge contrast. We also introduce a mathematical framework to
compare our results with the BFE measured on similar devices using
autocorrelations from flat-field images. We find an agreement of
18 ± 5% between the two methods. We identify potential sources
of discrepancy and discuss future investigations to characterize and
address them.
Simulation study of the lunar water ice detection based on a small neutron generator
Authors: Gan Pingping , Li Ming , Wan Xiang , Wang Yajun , Zhong Wei
Published: March 2024

Lunar water ice is an important resource to support the
construction of lunar base and other deep space activities, and it
is crucial to detect lunar water ice. In this paper, we studied the
detection of lunar water ice based on a small neutron generator
through Monte-Carlo simulation. The schematic of the detection
system and the principle are explained. The simulation results
demonstrate that the change of thermal neutron flux with the
increase of water content is most obvious and clear. There is a
positive correlation between thermal neutron counting and water
content in lunar soil. Using thermal neutron counting, the water
content can be obtained by inversion.
Safe Yield of Groundwater Utilization for Domestic, Livestock and Hotels Requirement as An Anticipation of Sea Water Intrusion in The Coastal of Batang Regency
Authors: Puspa Lestari Adjeng
Published: March 2024

As a result of the groundwater utilization which exceeds its safe yield, the phenomenon of seawater intrusion is often found in some coastal areas. For this reason, the utilization of groundwater must not exceed its safe yield. This study aims to calculate the availability of groundwater and its safe yield and evaluate its utilization which does not exceed the safe yield. To achieve this purposes, groundwater availability is calculated using the static method by multiplying the area by the thickness of the aquifer and the specific yield. Utilization of groundwater for domestic, livestock and hotel requirement is carried out by multiplying the water demand for each of these sectors by the amount. Safe yield is calculated based on area width, groundwater fluctuation and its specific yield. The groundwater resources potential of research area amounted to 648,960,234 m3/year, while the safe yield was 127,702,334 m3/year. Utilization of groundwater for domestic, livestock and hotel requirement is 23,062,023 m3/year, so that the use of groundwater to meet domestic, livestock and hotel reqirement has not endangered the availability of groundwater. However, for Batang District, groundwater utilization has almost reached half of its safe yield.
Resonance of Local News Media Regarding Water Pollution Management In Yogyakarta Regency: A Review
Authors: Firdhausi A I , Islami F , Pratama M A
Published: March 2024

Yogyakarta faces challenges in maintaining water quality due to the presence of pollutants E.coli as a resulting dominant bacteria. The information provided by the media is easily understood when it is based on the needs of the community. The emergence of various local news media outlets becomes a solution to address the existing issues in society. The local news media in Yogyakarta has not yet made a significant impact on the environment, particularly in water resource management, as evidenced by the numerous complaints from the community regarding water quality. Primary data of this research is gained through qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews with journalists of local news media outlets in Yogyakarta, namely harianjogja.com, krjogja.com, and tribunjogja.com, and twelve journal articles in the period from 2019 to 2023. The findings are Harian Jogja, Tribun Jogja, and Kedaulatan Rakyat, demonstrate insufficient resonance in their coverage of water source pollution management. This is evident through several factors: limited frequency of news coverage, absence of dedicated desks within the editorial teams, lack of specific sections dedicated to environmental topics, low traffic generated by related news articles, and a lack of specific attention from editors regarding water pollution management in terms of assignment and environmental education for journalists. The majority of news articles written by journalists in this context predominantly fall into the informative category, accounting for 71% of the coverage. In contrast, articles categorized as educational or solution-oriented are minimal. The findings of this research endeavor aim to contribute academically to the field of water pollution management by emphasizing the need to optimize the utilization of local news media in Yogyakarta.
Prediction of the future landuse and land cover changes in the Parangtritis sand dune : a spatio temporal analysis using QGIS MOLUSCE
Authors: Bramantio B , Hizbaron D R , Khakhim N
Published: March 2024

This study was aimed to analyze the changes and predict the future land use in the Parangtritis Sand Dunes, located in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Parangtritis Sand Dunes face the threat of damage due to various human factors such as settlements, tourism, agriculture, plantations, etc. The Cellular Automata method, coupled with the Modules for Land Use Change Evaluation (MOLUSCE) plug-in, was employed to assess the dynamics of land cover/land use and make projections for the future. The analysis revealed significant changes in several land cover classes between 2019 and 2021, while others remained relatively stable. From 2019 to 2021, the change in area amounted to 5.6 hectares, while from 2021 to 2031 the change was only slight, amounting to 0.7 hectares. So it can be concluded that the change in the area of sand dunes in the future, namely in 2031, has not changed much, only increased by 0.7 Ha. So that more effort is needed to curb the core zone intended for the preservation of the Parangtritis sand dunes. Further investigation into the underlying causes of these shifts could provide valuable insights for effective land management and conservation efforts.
Advanced flow simulations of estuarine water resources responding to changes in societal demands
Authors: Hwan Hwang Jin , Hyeon Kim Dong , Kim Bo-Kyung
Published: March 2024

Water resources of rivers and estuaries have traditionally been managed for local societal demands, including municipal, agricultural, and industrial usages, as well as for transportation as navigational channels. However, as societal demands have changed including urban expansion, economic growth, cultural transition, etc., the land uses also should be changed, and the civil necessities of water have been diversified, and this has raised concerns about the ecology, environment, and water quality issues. This study attempted to address three water resource management issues in South Korean rivers and estuaries, which occurred recently due to the changes in societal demands for water and explained how the most advanced scientific research techniques had been applied. The main issues were 1) agricultural water security and ecological environment restoration in Nakdong River Estuary, 2) water and soil quality degradation due to industrial effluents in Hyeongsan River Estuary, and 3) utilization of rivers as waterways and water quality and ecology issues in the ARA waterway. To find solutions to conflicts of water resources, the series of numerical simulations validated by the field observations allowed 1) assessments of the impact and extent of salt intrusion upon the opening of estuary dam gates, 2) estuarine physical processes to investigate the influence of industrial effluent, and 3) analysis water quality variations resulting from changes in the function of artificial channels. These analyses are expected to provide appropriate and science-based strategies of regional water management.
Quality and Chemical Type of Groundwater in Gringsing District, Batang Regency
Authors: Purnama I L S , Mawaddah M R , Primacintya V A
Published: March 2024

Water quality is an aspect that is increasingly being considered in water management efforts. This is caused by the increasing frequency of water pollution problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality and chemical type of groundwater in Gringsing District. Water quality analysis used in this study is a quantitative descriptive analysis by comparing the results of water quality analysis with water quality standards. To determine the chemical type of groundwater, the Stuyfzand method was used through analysis of the concentration of the dominant ions of groundwater, i.e. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+,

HCO
3
−

,

SO
4
2−

and Cl-. The results showed that in general the quality of groundwater in the study area is suitable for use as a source of drinking water. There were only 4 water samples whose concentration did not meet the quality standards. The chemical type of groundwater in the study area varies greatly. There was only 1 type of groundwater found in the 2 samples, i.e. type F/0/Ca2+/HCO3
-/+, namely groundwater with a chloride content of less than 150 mg/l or fresh water, the dominant ion being calcium and bicarbonate and the addition of fresh water. and balanced saltwater.
Accuracy of Antenatal Visits in West Java Province: Comparison between Rural and Urban Areas Data Analysis of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017
Authors: Annisa L F , Umi L
Published: March 2024

Accuracy of antenatal visits plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of maternal death during pregnancy. West Java is a province in Indonesia that has the highest maternal mortality cases. An analysis of the accuracy of antenatal visits using a spatial approach, involving the distribution of villages and cities, was conducted to understand the interaction between humans and the environment, both physically and socially. This study aims to determine the differences in the accuracy of antenatal visits based on residential status in West Java Province in 2017. The research conducted is quantitative research using secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The data used includes the number of pregnant women who received antenatal visits in urban and rural areas. The analysis was done by comparing rural and urban areas using the Chi-Square test. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in the accuracy of antenatal visits between rural and urban areas, with a p-value of 0.000 (less than 0.005, which means there is a difference).
Regional Analysis for Sustainable Economic Development: A Case Study of Sukamara Regency, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Saputra E , Reinhart H , Khairina N G , Nurhikmah I , Syakbana Z P , Anwar M S
Published: March 2024

Economic growth remains the sole determining factor that shapes regional development in Sukamara Regency, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. Therefore, in designing and formulating its regional planning, it is imperative that the leading economic sector(s) be specifically studied and prioritized. Using quantitative data and regional analysis, this research aimed to identify the leading sector(s) to formulate recommendations for the regency’s development planning using geographic information systems and three economic growth indicators: location quotient (LQ), multiplier effect (ME), and shift-share (SS). Results indicate that Forestry, Agriculture, and Fisheries is the primary leading sector, followed by Manufacturing, which are both fuelled by the palm oil industry. The prevailing industrial sector causes economic disparities between northern and southern Sukamara. For further regional development, disparities between regions and sustainability issues must be addressed using a nature-based approach and socially inclusive measures by promoting and fostering small and medium enterprises, especially in southern Sukamara. Shifting the economy from extractive sectors (primary) to trade and tourism (secondary and tertiary) is also recommended to ensure the sustainabality of the development.
Emulating two qubits with a four-level transmon qudit for variational quantum algorithms
Authors: Cao Shuxiang , Bakr Mustafa , Campanaro Giulio , Fasciati Simone D , Wills James , Lall Deep , Shteynas Boris , Chidambaram Vivek , Rungger Ivan , Leek Peter
Published: March 2024

Using quantum systems with more than two levels, or qudits, can scale the computational space of quantum processors more efficiently than using qubits, which may offer an easier physical implementation for larger Hilbert spaces. However, individual qudits may exhibit larger noise, and algorithms designed for qubits require to be recompiled to qudit algorithms for execution. In this work, we implemented a two-qubit emulator using a 4-level superconducting transmon qudit for variational quantum algorithm applications and analyzed its noise model. The major source of error for the variational algorithm was readout misclassification error and amplitude damping. To improve the accuracy of the results, we applied error-mitigation techniques to reduce the effects of the misclassification and qudit decay event. The final predicted energy value is within the range of chemical accuracy.
Optimal distributed multi-parameter estimation in noisy environments
Authors: Hamann Arne , Sekatski Pavel , Dür Wolfgang
Published: March 2024

We consider the task of multiple parameter estimation in the presence of strong correlated noise with a network of distributed sensors. The signals and the noises have different spatial dependence but are encoded with the same local generators. We study how to find and improve noise-insensitive strategies. We show that sequentially probing with GHZ states from the decoherence-free subspace that we identify is asymptotically optimal up to a factor of at most 4 in the limit of many repetitions. The implementation of such strategies only requires local read-out and ‘passive’ resources—an initially entangled state of the sensors and tunable local interaction strength.
Monitoring spatiotemporal changes in land use/land cover and its impacts on ecosystem services in southern Zambia
Authors: Liang Diling , Reed James , Fakheran Sima , Moombe Kaala , Siangulube Freddie , Sunderland Terry
Published: March 2024

Ecosystems play a vital role in human well-being, yet the widespread loss of ecosystem services due to human activities, including agricultural expansion and deforestation, remains a significant concern. Despite the wealth of research highlighting the importance of ecosystem conservation in Zambia, a critical gap exists in understanding the interplay between the conservation of ecosystem services and the socio-economic needs of local communities. This study presents a comparative analysis of ecosystem services in two distinct landscapes within southern Zambia: the protected area of Kafue National Park (KNP) and the agricultural landscape of Kalomo district between 2000–2020. Employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, we evaluate the impacts of land/use and land cover (LULC) changes on selected ecosystem services, with a particular focus on carbon storage and the habitat quality of the trumpeter hornbill. The results of the comparison indicate that: (1) the Kalomo district has suffered from extensive land conversion, with forest changing to cropland, while KNP was well protected from encroachment, with forest area increasing over time; (2) carbon stocks and the habitat quality of trumpeter hornbills continually decreased in the Kalomo district but improved in KNP; (3) Kalomo district has suffered rapid environmental degradation due to an imbalance between economic development and environmental conservation, while strict enforcement in KNP has preserved ecosystems. The findings underscore the importance of integrated and inclusive land-use planning and natural resource governance for maintaining and enhancing ecosystem services in Zambia. To progress towards landscape management that is both sustainable and equitable, aligning with the objectives of the Global Biodiversity Framework, it is proposed that a comprehensive approach be adopted in the region. This approach should encompass a more thorough consideration of local livelihood requirements, as well as the wider political-economic and social factors at play.