bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain in the public procurement system
Authors: Kosyan N. G. , Mil'kina I. V.
Published: May 2019

Public procurement accounts for a significant share of the country's budget. It is impossible to solve the problem of effective budget spending without establishing a rational and transparent system of public procurement. On the basis of international practice, a system of public procurement has been developed and implemented in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study of this article is determined by the fact, that a large-scale reform of the practice of public procurement is continued in Russia due to the fact that in January 2014 entered into force a new Federal law dated on April 5, 2013 № 44-FZ “On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs”. The contract system plays an important system-forming role in Russian society. A free and mutually beneficial economic treaty remains one of the main institutions of the market. For this reason the order of the state and separate types of legal entities forms ecosystem, in which all Russian business develops and under which adapts. One of the fundamental principles of the state procurement policy is the principle of increasing efficiency. Currently the trend of the development of the informal relations, the insufficient level of quality meet the requirements of the society. The existing institutional model of public procurement management in Moscow does not fully ensure in practice the reproduction of the necessary economic and social effects, focusing on economic. The problems of poor quality of procurement management in Moscow require a deep study and evaluation of the necessary level of efficiency of tools to improve economic and social relations in the public sector. The purpose of this article is to develop proposals for improving the mechanism of public procurement. The authors of the article consider the possibility of using blockchain in public procurement. The use of this technology will reduce the time spent on the processing of documentation, reduce the degree of corruption in the process of public procurement, by creating reputational lists available to all participants in this process. In addition, the use of a smart contract allows to minimize the number of intermediaries in the conclusion of public contracts.
Modernization of informational system of tax authorities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kosarin S. P. , Lebedeva Yu. A. , Mil'kina I. V.
Published: May 2019

The article analyzes the automated information system “Nalog”, which is used by the tax authorities to tackle various problems related to the functions of the Federal tax service. Automation of the processes, carried out by the tax authorities allows to improve the efficiency of the tax system by improving the efficiency and quality of decisions; to improve the efficiency and productivity of tax inspectors; to provide tax inspections at all levels with complete and timely information on changes in tax legislation; to provide reliable data on the counting of taxpayers and on the effectiveness of control over compliance with tax legislation; to improve the quality and efficiency of accounting; to obtain data on the receipt of taxes and other payments to the budget; to analyze the dynamics of the receipt of tax amounts and the possibility of forecasting this dynamics; to reduce the volume of document circulation in paper form. However, the existing architecture of the automated information system “Nalog” was formed more than 10 years ago and during its existence underwent only minor changes. The development of information technologies, including in the field of public administration, as well as significant changes in the system of tax administration determines the relevance of the development of approaches to the modernization of the existing information system of tax authorities. The article proposes the directions and principles of modernization of the automated information system “Nalog”, reveals the main directions of construction of a new automated system and the parameters to control the level of achievement of goals as a result of modernization of the existing system in the following areas: centralization of processing and storage of information of tax authorities; the development of electronic interaction of public administration with taxpayers, the development of information means of interaction with external users; creation of operational and support systems and subsystems of tax administration; results of formation and development of information and analytical system in the activities of tax authorities; automation of administrative and economic activities of tax authorities; social performance criteria.
Biochemical and molecular-genetic indicators of inflammation and apoptosis in liver cirrhosis as an outcome of the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kurbatova I V , Topchieva L V , Dudanova O P , Shipovskaya A A
Published: May 2019

Aim. A comparative analysis of the complex of clinical and laboratory indicators (including the content of cytokines in blood plasma and the level of expression of TNF and IL6 genes in peripheral leukocytes, as well as the level of biochemical and molecular-genetic indicators of apoptosis, such as the content of tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) in the blood, the activity of caspases 3, 8 and 9 and the expression level of the encoding genes in peripheral blood leukocytes) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) of different activity, liver cirrhosis (LC) classes A and B and in the donors of control group. Materials and methods. 158 patients with NAFLD were examined: 116 patients with NASH diagnosed for the first time (NASH of weak, moderate and high activity) and 42 patients with the NAFLD at the stage of liver cirrhosis diagnosed for the first time (classes A and B according to the Child-Pugh classification). The control group consisted of 54 healthy donors. The clinical blood biochemistry, cytokine profile, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen content, the level of the TNF, IL6 gene and caspase gene transcription as well as caspase activity in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were evaluated. Results and discussion. In the progression of NASH to LC, together with changes in general clinical parameters, the cytokine profile are changed due to an increase in the level of IL-6 and IL-1β; in peripheral leukocytes, the activity of caspase 9 increases and the activity of caspase 8 decreases compared to NASH, and the level of the TNF gene expression decreases as compared to NASH of high activity. These parameters can be considered as promising minimally invasive markers of progression of NAFLD to LC. Conclusion. In nonalcoholic cirrhosis as an outcome of the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis changes in clinical parameters (indicating the development of hepatocellular deficiency, violation of protein and lipid metabolism, progressive inflammation) are accompanied by specific changes in levels of biochemical and molecular-genetic indicators of apoptosis and inflammation. With the progression of NASH to LC, the cytokine profile changes due to an increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines, the apoptosis processes triggered by the internal pathway increase and the activity of apoptosis activated via the external pathway decreases in PBL
Role of video capsulе endoscopy in the diagnostic algorithm of small bowel Crohn's disease
Authors: Parfenov A I , Akopova A O , Shcherbakov P L , Mikcheeva O M
Published: May 2019

Aim. To evaluate the possibilities of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for diagnosing small bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD). Materials and methods. The study included 25 patients (12 men, 13 women) diagnosed with Crohn's disease. The mean age of the patients was 31.84±10.5 years. The VCE was performed using the GivenImaging system (Yokneam, Israel), OMOM (China). After the end of each test, the data was analyzed at a rate of 8 to 10 frames per second using Rapid® Reader (version 7.0). Results and discussion. The examination of patients in accordance with the diagnostic algorithm showed that for 11 patients (44%) the clinical assumption of SBCD was confirmed only with the help of VCE (1st group). Consequently, the use of VCE in these patients was crucial in the diagnosis of SBCD, since standard methods of analisys were insufficient to establish this diagnosis. For 14 patients (2nd group), the diagnosis of SBCD was established with the help of colonoscopy and/or diagnostic imaging modalities. The use of VCE allowed to confirm the diagnosis, to clarify the localization and extent of inflammation of the small intestine. Conclusion. VCE can be recommended for the diagnosis of SBCD during the period of early inflammatory manifestations in the small intestine mucosa.
ANICHKOV study: the effect of combined hypotensive and lipid-lowering therapy on cardiovascular complications in patients of high and very high risk
Authors: Sergienko I V , Ansheles A A , Drapkina O M , Gornyakova N B , Zubareva M Yu , Shepel R N , Kuharchuk V V , Boytsov S A
Published: May 2019

Reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications include lifestyle changes, drug therapy for achieving target blood pressure levels, normalizing the lipid profile, and correcting other risk factors. Adherence to therapy is of particular role, especially in primary prevention, which determines the need to implement the concept of fixed combinations. Approximately 70% of patients with AH have elevated levels of total cholesterol (TCh) and LDL-C, which determines the feasibility of using a FC containing a statin with two antihypertensive drugs. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C and concomitant AH, a comparative analysis of adherence, efficacy and safety of various forms of combined therapy in outpatient practice, including promising lisinopril/amlodipine/rosuvastatin FC (Ekvamer®). Materials and methods. The ANICHKOV study included 702 patients in Moscow and the Moscow region over 18 years old with a cholesterol level ≥7.5 mmol/l and/or LDL-C ≥4.9 mmol/l from March 2017 to December 2018 based on 2 federal centers. According to the results of visit I, patients were prescribed with one of three therapy schemes. In the absence of AH, patients received scheme I (Mertenil® at initial dosage of 10 mg/day). When history of AH existed or AH detected at visit I, patients were randomized to scheme II (Ekvamer® 5/10/10 mg/day) or III (Mertenil® 10 mg/day + Ekvator® 5/10 mg/day). During the observation, the treatment scheme remained unchanged, however, if the target levels of LDL-C and/or BP were not reached, the doses could be increased. The analysis of the main effects of the prescribed therapy were carried out for 12 months, and the frequency of MACE (CVD, ACS, stroke, or hospitalization to perform PCI) was also evaluated Results and discussion. Following the visit I, scheme I was assigned to 390 patients (55.6%), scheme II - 190 (27.1%), scheme III - 122 (17.4%). In 147 patients (20.9%), TG level was >2.3 mmol/l, which required additional fenofibrate intake in a dose of 145 mg/day. Adherence level was 89.5%, including scheme I - 91.7%, scheme II - 90.5%, scheme III - only 81.8%. In general, among compliant patients (n = 590), the decrease in TCh level was 41.0%, LDL-C - 47.4%. 16.6% of patients reached target levels of LDL-C
Neurological disorders in vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Pavlov Ch S , Damulin I V , Shulpekova Yu O , Andreev E A
Published: May 2019

The review discusses thesteps of vitamin B12 metabolism and its role in maintaining of neurological functions. The term "vitamin B12 (cobalamin)" refers to several substances (cobalamins) of a very similar structure. Cobalamin enters the body with animal products. On the peripherу cobalamin circulates only in binding with proteins transcobalamin I and II (complex cobalamin-transcobalamin II is designated as “holotranscobalamin”). Holotranscobalamin is absorbed by different cells, whereas transcobalamin I-binded vitamin B12 - only by liver and kidneys. Two forms of cobalamin were identified as coenzymes of cellular reactions which are methylcobalamin (in cytoplasm) and hydroxyadenosylcobalamin (in mitochondria). The main causes of cobalamin deficiency are related to inadequate intake of animal products, autoimmune gastritis, pancreatic insufficiency, terminal ileum disease, syndrome of intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Relative deficiency may be seen in excessive binding of vitamin B12 to transcobalamin I. Cobalamin deficiency most significantly affects functions of blood, nervous system and inflammatory response. Anemia occurs in 13-15% of cases; macrocytosis is an early sign. The average size of neutrophils and monocytes is the most sensitive marker of megaloblastic hematopoiesis. The demands in vitamin B12 are particularly high in nervous tissue. Hypovitaminosis is accompanied by pathological lesions both in white and gray brain matter. Several types of neurological manifestations are described: subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (funicular myelinosis), sensomotor polyneuropathy, optic nerve neuropathy, cognitive disorders. The whole range of neuropsychiatric disorders with vitamin B12 deficiency has not been studied well enough. Due to certain diagnostic difficulties they are often regarded as "cryptogenic", "reactive", "vascular» origin. Normal or decreased total plasma cobalamin level could not a reliable marker of vitamin deficiency. In difficult cases the content of holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid / homocysteine, and folate in the blood serum should be investigated besides carefully analysis of clinical manifestations.
EL ALUMNO DE TRADUCCIÓN CENTRO DE LA FORMACIÓN: CONÓCETE A TÍ MISMO Y...
Authors: Echeverri Álvaro
Published: May 2019

En un artículo publicado en 1999, Graham Nuthall afirmaba que las prácticas de enseñanza son en gran parte el resultado de un proceso de aculturación fundado en creencias ampliamente compartidas sobre el aprendizaje y sobre la enseñanza. Este proceso de aculturación que se desarrolla durante la vida escolar de una persona es primordial para la enseñanza. Sin embargo, los procesos de aculturación también explican las dificultades de adaptación de los sistemas educativos a los cambios vividos por las sociedades. La enseñanza de la traducción no es ajena a esta situación. A pesar de haber realizado progresos significativos en varios aspectos, la formación de traductores evidencia cierto grado de estancamiento en lo referente a los conocimientos pedagógicos. Una mirada al interior de los cursos prácticos de traducción revelaría que, con la excepción de unos pocos iconoclastas, las prácticas docentes al interior de las aulas de clase han evolucionado muy poco en los últimos setenta años.
AUTOAVALIAÇÃO:
Authors: Costa Patrícia Rodrigues , Sousa Germana Henriques Pereira de
Published: May 2019

Trata-se de analisar a inserção de conceitos cognitivos e metacognitivos no ensino de Tradução e, de analisar a questão da autoavaliação dos aprendizes. Por meio da apreciação das abordagens propostas por Adriana Pagano, Célia Magalhães e Fábio Alves (POSLIN/UFMG) e Álvaro Echeverri, professor da Universidade de Montreal – Canadá, intenta-se compreender o uso da autoavaliação pelos tradutores em formação. Ao realizar a análise de ALVES, MAGALHÃES e PAGANO (2003), bem como a de ECHEVERRI (2008), percebe-se que ambas tocam pontos análogos, de onde se pode concluir que a autoavaliação se faz necessária para o sucesso da prática, processo e produto tradutório, bem como para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Tradução, sendo um fator discutido nas abordagens apresentadas, ainda que se necessite de um maior aprofundamento.
BETWEEN THE GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY AND THE LATIN AMERICAN “BOOM”:
Authors: Livingstone Victoria
Published: May 2019

This article studies the translation of Brazilian literature in the United States between 1930 and the end of the 1960s. It analyzes political, historical and economic factors that influenced the publishing market for translations in the U.S., focusing on the editorial project of Alfred A. Knopf, the most influential publisher for Latin American literature in the U.S. during this period, and Harriet de Onís, who translated approximately 40 works from Spanish and Portuguese into English. In addition to translating authors such as João Guimarães Rosa and Jorge Amado, de Onís worked as a reader for Knopf, recommending texts for translation. The translator’s choices reflected the demands of the market and contributed to forming the canon of Brazilian literature translated in the United States.
FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA, PRECURSOR DE TRADUÇÕES
Authors: Pimenta Amanda Sany Martins , Wojcik Karla Kristina Ribeiro de Mendonça , Silva Luiz Alencar da , Silva Sara De Oliveira e , Pomerleau Marc , Fernandes Sônia
Published: May 2019

A tradução apresentada a seguir é resultado do curso de extensão O Québec pela tradução, organizado pelo Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução da Universidade de Brasília (LET-UnB), no contexto do 3º Seminário de História da Tradução, em outubro de 2014. O curso foi ministrado por Marc Pomerleau – professor substituto na Université de Montréal (UdeM), doutorando em Tradutologia na mesma instituição e tradutor juramentado português/francês no Quebec –, com o auxílio de Sônia Fernandes, doutoranda em Tradutologia na mesma universidade, tradutora e intérprete, e sob a supervisão da Professora Doutora Germana Henriques Pereira Sousa, organizadora do Seminário de História da Tradução. Houve 20 participantes no curso, a maioria do mestrado em Estudos da Tradução (POSTRAD), contando também com graduandos de Letras-Francês e Letras-Tradução/Francês (UnB).
The international opening of countries and their impacts on the creative economy - China "an outlier"
Authors: Saad Fabrício , Noronha Matheus , Marques Tulio , Vicente Eliane
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar a hipótese de que a liberdade econômica de uma nação pode, de certa maneira, influenciar no potencial criativo desta nação. Observando-se o alerta da ONU de que as nações mais criativas são aquelas que vêm agregando maior valor a sua economia (em termos de produto interno bruto), ao mesmo tempo em que experimentam menores índices de desemprego e se preparam para os impactos das novas tecnologias, que substituem antigas profissões e causam ociosidade da força de trabalho e, adicionalmente, a crença e indícios pré-existentes na literatura de que nações “livres” são ambientes mais propícios à criatividade, o que está aqui sendo proposto e estudado, é a hipótese de que uma nação aberta produz uma maior diversidade de pensamento e que esta diversidade constitui matéria prima à criatividade e à produção intelectual nos negócios criativos.  Adotando-se o critério explicitado no relatório ONU/ UNTACD de Economia Criativa e os diferentes pilares/ variáveis que compõem o Heritage Economic Freedom Index, buscou-se evidenciar, á luz da teoria institucional (IBV), que uma nação aberta produz e exporta mais produtos oriundos da nova economia - criativa, compartilhada, sustentável, cíclica, digital - e que envolve setores como moda, design, games, tecnologia da informação, automação, cinema, e produção visual, entre outros, quando comparada aos países mais fechados economicamente. Os resultados foram obtidos ao comparar dados de 100 nações, que contavam tanto com índices de liberdade econômica, quanto com dados de PIB (em US$) oriundos da Economia Criativa, conhecidos e divulgados através de relatórios públicos. Dada descoberta de indícios claros que nos fazem não rejeitar a hipótese central formulada, e que, portanto, minimamente esta faz algum sentido, novas hipóteses fomentam uma 2ª fase do projeto, que busca investigar a partir de dados secundários, evidências de que peculiaridades, tais como: tamanho e cultura, produção específica relacionada a temas de tecnologia, incentivos a produção criativa nacional que acabam funcionando como barreiras a “economia criatividade estrangeira”, etc.,  fazem da China um gigante único e que foge à regra observada no estudo principal. Daí, podemos afirmar que China, como um ponto fora da curva e revelando-se um outlier “razoavelmente fechado e consideravelmente criativo”, torna-se um case a ser explorado.
Penyisipan Citra pada Audio dengan Kode PN Terdistribusi Gaussian
Authors: BUDIMAN GELAR , AULIA SUCI , RAMATRYANA I NYOMAN APRAZ
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKPada makalah ini, perancangan audio watermarking memanfaatkan kode PN yang terdistribusi Gaussian atau Normal dengan menggunakan citra sebagai watermark yang disisipkan pada audio. Watermark yang berupa citra biner diubah ke dalam vektor 1 dimensi, kemudian dijumlahkan dengan kode PN terdistribusi normal yang disaring dengan filter psikoakustik. Setelah itu, sinyal dikalikan dengan faktor gain α sebelum dijumlahkan dengan host audio untuk mendapatkan watermarked audio. Hasil dari simulasi menunjukkan bahwa sistem memiliki kapasitas watermark yang tinggi pada 689.06 bps, imperseptibilitas yang baik pada SNR>26 dB, dan tahan terhadap serangan LPF mulai frekuensi cut off 6 kHz keatas, serangan Additive Noise mulai 40 dB keatas, resampling pada rate 16 kHz, LSC 1% - 10%, dan kompresi MP3 untuk rate 192 kbps.Kata kunci: Audio Watermarking, Kode PN, distribusi normal, filter sikoakustik ABSTRACTIn this paper, the design of audio watermarking utilizes PN code that is Gaussian or Normal distributed by using the image as a watermark inserted in the audio. The watermark in the form of binary images is converted into a 1-dimensional vector, then summed up with a normally distributed PN code filtered by a psychoacoustic filter. After that, the signal is multiplied by α gain factor before adding it to the audio host to get the watermarked audio. The result of the simulation shows that the system has a high watermark capacity at 689.06 bps, good imperceptibility at SNR> 26 dB, and withstand LPF attacks starting from 6 kHz cut-off frequency and above, Additive Noise attacks from 40 dB up, resampling at 16 kHz , LSC 1% - 10%, and MP3 compression for 192 kbps rate.Keywords: Audio Watermarking, PN code, normal distribution, psychoacoustic filter
Optimalisasi Sistem Mikrogrid Hibrida Berbasis Jarak Pagar menggunakan HOMER
Authors: IBRAHIM IBRAHIM , RUSIRAWAN DANI
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKPenggunaan genset diesel minyak solar untuk kelistrikan di pulau Medang terkendala dengan mahal dan tingginya biaya pengadaan minyak solar. Biomassa jarak pagar yang ada di pulau Medang potensial untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber daya alam (SDA) lokal, untuk menggantikan minyak solar sebagai bahan bakar genset. Bahan bakar yang dapat dihasilkan dari buah jarak pagar terdiri dari straight vegetable oil (SVO), biogas dan synthetic gas (syngas). Berdasarkan data sekunder, 1 ha kebun jarak pagar dapat menghasilkan listrik 19.425 kWh/tahun menggunakan genset diesel berbahan bakar SVO ditambah 6.475 kWh/tahun menggunakan genset biogas. Dalam penelitian ini, optimalisasi sistem mikrogrid hibrida berbasis jarak pagar sudah dilakukan. Kondisi optimal untuk beban rata-rata 4.000 kWh/hari terdiri dari 1X360 kW genset SVO + 1X360 kW genset Biogas + Baterai 300 kWh + inverter-rectifier 300 kW. Hasil evaluasi memperlihatkan untuk operasi 25 tahun, sistem mikrogrid hibrida berbasis biomassa jarak pagar membutuhkan net present cost (NPC) sebesar $7.750.000 dan memberikan cost of energy (COE) $0,368/kWh.Kata kunci: genset, bioenergi, SVO, biogas, listrik ABSTRACTUtilization of diesel oil for diesel generators in the Medang island is constrained by high costs of diesel oil. The jatropha (type of biomass) in the Medang island can be used as a local natural resource (SDA), in substituting of diesel oil as a generator fuel. The type of fuel whics is produced by jatropha consist of straight vegatable oil (SVO), biogas and synthetic gas (syngas). Based on secondary data, it is found that 1 ha of Jatropha equal by produces electricity 19.425 kWh/year using an SVO diesel generator set and 6.475 kWh/year using biogas generator set. In this study, optimization of the hybrid microgrid system was carried out. The optimal conditions for an average 4,000 kWh/day of load is consisting of 1X360 kW SVO generator + 1X360 kW Biogas generator + 300 kWh + 300 kW rectifier inverter. Evaluation results showed that for 25-year operation, the hybrid microgrid jatophra bases system requires of NPC of $ 7,750,000 and yield the COE of $ 0.368/kWh.Keywords: genset, bioenergy, SVO, biogas, electricity
Monitoring Keseimbangan Distribusi Beban Transformator untuk Meminimalisasi Terjadinya Rugi Energi
Authors: SETIAWAN EDY , ANINDITA GALIH , SYAHID ACHMAD , RACHMAN ISA
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKPola distribusi beban antara ketiga fasa pada saluran distribusi sekunder transformator kurang diperhatikan, berakibat ketidakseimbangan antara ke tiga fasa pada sistem distribusi sekunder transformator dan menyebabkan rugi energi yang terjadi pada jaringan distribusi sekunder akan semakin meningkat. Peneliti merancang sistem monitoring keseimbangan beban pada saluran distribusi sekunder transformator dengan metode eksperimen dan pembuatan prototipe. Penyimpangan rata-rata pembacaan sensor arus 6.7% dan pembacaan sensor tegangan 5.84% dan rugi energi terbesar didapatkan pada saat persen pembebanan di fasa R=88,13%, fasa S=42,80% dan di fasa T=20,14%, yaitu 24,1 Wh pada penghantar netral dan 109,64 Wh pada penghantar pembumian.Kata kunci: voltage sensing, current sensing, beban tidak seimbang, arus netral, rugi energi ABSTRACTThe pattern of load distribution between the three phases in the transformer secondary distribution channel is not noticed. This situation results in an imbalance between the three phases of the transformer secondary distribution and causes energy losses that occur in the secondary distribution network will increase. The researcher designed a load balance monitoring system in the transformer secondary distribution channel with the experimental method and prototype manufacturing. The average error of the current sensing at 6.7%, for the voltage sensing interface is 5.84% and the biggest energy loss is obtained at % loading on phase R= 88,13%, phase S = 42,80% and phase T = 20.14%, system reading 24,1 Wh on neutral conductor and 109,64 Wh on earthing conductor.Keywords: voltage sensing, current sensing, unbalanced load, neutral current, energy loss
Perancangan Sistem Grid Tie Inverter pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya
Authors: SAODAH SITI , UTAMI SRI
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKGrid Tie Inverter (GTI) merupakan inverter yang digunakan untuk mengubah energi yang dihasilkan panel surya berupa arus searah (DC) menjadi arus bolakbalik (AC). Keluaran dari GTI berupa bentuk gelombang sinusoidal yang masih belum ideal dan mempunyai nilai Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) di atas 3% serta nilai efisiensi belum mencapai 90%. Pengurangan nilai THD dan peningkatan efisiensi dapat dilakukan melalui proses kontrol switching pada inverter. Penelitian ini mengusulkan inverter dengan boost converter dua tahap, buck converter dua tahap, rangkaian switching control inverter, H-Bridge inverter dan rangkaian LC filter. Teknik switching dari inverter yang diusulkan terdiri dari kombinasi modulasi lebar pulsa sinusoida dan gelombang persegi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai THD sebesar 4,97%. Terdapat selisih sebesar 1,97% dari nilai awal perancangan. Untuk efisiensi rata-rata inverter off-grid (tidak terkoneksi dengan PLN) sebesar 89,48% dan 79,4% untuk inverter on-grid (terkoneksi dengan PLN).Kata kunci: GTI, boost converter, buck converter, switching control,grid, THD. ABSTRACTGrid Tie Inverter (GTI) is an inverter used to convert energy resulted by solar panels in the form of direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The output of GTI is unideal sinusoidal and having Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) above 3% and efficiency below 90%. Reducing the THD value and increasing efficiency can be done through switching control process on inverters. This research proposed an inverter using two-stage boost converter, two-stage buck converter, an inverter switching control circuit, H-Bridge inverter and LC filter circuit. The switching technique of the proposed inverter system combined sinusoidal and square wave width modulation. The result showed THD of the proposed system is 4.97%, and still, there is a difference of 1.97% of the desired value. For average efficiency of off-grid systems (not connected with State Electricity Company/PLN) is 89.48% and 79.4% for on-grid systems (connected with PLN).Keywords: GTI, boost converter, buck converter, switching control,grid, THD
Analisis Interferensi White Space Device terhadap Sistem Radio Navigasi Penerbangan pada Frekuensi 960 MHz
Authors: SARI LYDIA , ALAM SYAH , SURJATI INDRA
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKPemerintah Indonesia mengalokasikan spektrum frekuensi 960-1164 MHZ untuk sistem komunikasi bergerak maupun untuk radio navigasi penerbangan. Penggunaan White Space Device (WSD) merupakan solusi keterbatasan spektrum, karena mampu mengidentifikasi dan memanfaatkan frekuensi yang tidak terpakai. Penelitian ini menyelidiki potensi interferensi yang terjadi pada koeksistensi sistem radio navigasi penerbangan serta perangkat WSD di pita 960 MHz. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan matematis Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) serta simulasi dengan Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level interferensi yang masih diperbolehkan berada di kisaran -81,589 dBm. Level ini tercapai dengan penggunaan jarak proteksi antar sistem sejauh 36 km. Penurunan daya pemancar WSD atau peningkatan gain RSBN sebesar 1 dBm dapat memperkecil jarak proteksi menjadi 30 km untuk mencapai probabilitas interferensi berturutturut 3,55% dan 3,6%.Kata kunci: white space devices, interferensi, radio navigasi penerbangan ABSTRACTThe Indonesian Government allocates the 960-1164 MHz spectrum for mobile communications and aeronautical radio navigation services. Cognitive radio is a technology which will enable the use of a limited spectrum optimally. Devices implemented with cognitive radio capability is referred as White Space Device (WSD) as they can identify and utilize idle channels. This paper investigates the interference potential between aeronautical radio navigation services and WSD as they co-exist in the 960 MHz spectrum using Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) formulae and simulations using Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT). Results show that the permissible interference level is -81,589 dBm which is achievable if the two systems are separated by 36 km. Decreasing the WSD power level or increasing the RSBN gain by 1 dBm can decrease the protection distance between the two systems to 30 km to achieve an interference probability of 3,55% and 3,6%, respectively.Keywords: white space devices, interference, aeronautical radio navigation
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Sebagai Obat Alternatif Hiperkolesterolemia Pada Tikus Wistar Hiperglikemik
Authors: Hartanto Deni Tri , Kurniasari Ellen Lydia , Maria Ribka Artha , Dewi Puspa Sari , Septiani Vina
Published: May 2019

Abstrak

 

Jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L) secara empiris telah digunakan masyarakat untuk menurunkan berat badan.  Selain itu perasan jeruk lemon pun dipercaya mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk lemon sebagai obat alternatif hiperkolesterolemia pada tikus wistar hiperglikemia dengan menggunakan metode proteksi. Proses ekstraksi kulit buah jeruk lemon dilakukan dengan metode maserasi.  Semua tikus diberi sediaan uji sesuai dengan kelompoknya (kontrol, ekstrak etanol jeruk lemon, pembanding simvastatin) bersamaan dengan intervensi fruktosa 60% yang dicampur dalam makanannya selama 6 minggu. Pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total dilakukan setiap minggu. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah lemon mampu menghambat peningkatan kadar kolesterol total tikus wistar hiperglikemia.  Ekstrak etanol kulit buah lemon dosis 70 mg/kg bb menunjukkan hasil terbaik yang berbeda bermakna dibanding kelompok kontrol (p<0,05) pada penelitian ini. Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk lemon berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai obat alternatif hiperkolesterolemia.

 

Kata Kunci : Hiperkolesterolemia, Lemon, Fruktosa 60%

 

Potency of lemon peel ethanolic extract (Citrus limon L.) as alternative drug for hypercholesterolemia in hyperglycemic wistar rat

 

Abstract

 

Lemon (Citrus limon L) empirically has been used by the community to lose weight. Besides lemon juice is also believed to be able to reduce blood cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the potential of ethanol extract of lemon peel as an alternative medicine for hypercholesterolemia in hyperglycemic wistar rats using the protection method. The process of extracting lemon peel is done by maceration method. All rats were given a test preparation according to their group (control, lemon ethanol extract, compared to simvastatin) together with intervention of fructose 60% mixed in the food for 6 weeks. Examination of total cholesterol levels is carried out every week. The test results showed that the ethanol extract of lemon peel was able to inhibit the increase of total cholesterol levels in hyperglycemic wistar rats. The ethanol extract of lemon peel doses of 70 mg / kg bw showed the best results which were significantly different than the control group (p <0.05) in this study. Thus, the ethanol extract of lemon peel has the potential to be used as an alternative drug for hypercholesterolemia.

 

Keywords : Hypercholesterolemia, Lemon, Fructose 60 %
Электронное строение кристаллов CO2 и CS2
Authors: Басалаев Ю.М. , Маринова С.А.
Published: May 2019

Методами теории функционала плотности исследованы алмазоподобные CO2 и CS2 со структурой дефектного халькопирита (β-SiO2) кристаллы, для которых определены равновесные параметры кристаллической решетки. Вычислены энергетические зонные спектры кристаллов, их катионных (C) и анионных (O, S) подрешеток. Особенности формирования химической связи в исследуемых кристаллах установлены на основе анализа полных и парциальных плотностей состояний, а также карт распределения разностной и деформационной плотности заряда валентных электронов.
Полиядерные сульфидно-мостиковые комплексы Rh(III) с P(CH2OH)3
Authors: Анюшин А.В. , Компаньков Н.Б. , Абрамов П.А. , Соколов М.Н.
Published: May 2019

Реакция RhCl3⋅3H2O с P(CH2OH)3 (THP) и H2S в метаноле приводит к образованию нового трехъядерного комплекса [Rh3(μ3-S)2(μ2-S)(μ2-Cl)2(THP)6]Cl (1) с выходом 29 %. Строение 1 установлено методом РСА. В тех же исходных соединениях с гексаметилдисилтианом в качестве источника сульфида получен биядерный комплекс [Rh2(μ2-S2)(μ2-S)(THP)6]2+, в котором одновременно присутствуют моно- и дисульфидные мостики. Последний был выделен и структурно охарактеризован в виде [Rh2(μ-S2)(μ2-S)(THP)6] [Mo6Cl14]⋅0.6MeOH (2) с выходом 12 %. Полученные соединения охарактеризованы методом масс-спектрометрии и спектрами ЯМР на ядре 31P.
Synthesis, structural commentary, supramolecular architecture, and molecular docking investigations of a novel thiophene-fused 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative as a potent anti-cancer agent
Authors: Murugavel S. , Manikandan N. , Ravikumar C. , Naveen K. , Perumal P.T.
Published: May 2019

The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative compound fused with thiophene (BDTTIQ) is synthesized by the slow evaporation solution growth method and characterized by SCXRD, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. In the synthesized compound, the tetrahydroisoquinoline fragment of BDTTIQ is almost in the half-chair conformation. A 3D supramolecular architecture is attained by intermolecular C—H…O and C—H…π interactions in the crystal structure. Molecular docking simulations are carried out to examine the inhibitory nature of the synthesized compound BDTTIQ against ARK1C3 protein.
Синтез, кристаллическая структура и некоторые свойства гексафторосиликата 4-гидроксиметилпиридиния
Authors: Гельмбольдт В.О. , Шишкин И.О. , Фонарь М.С. , Кравцов В.Х.
Published: May 2019

Гексафторосиликат состава (LH)2SiF6 (I), (L = 4-гидроксиметилпиридин) выделен в качестве продукта взаимодействия метанольного раствора L и 45%-й кремнефтороводородной кислоты (L:H2SiF6 = 1:3). В кристаллической структуре I катионы и анионы объединены Н-связями NH⋯F (N⋯F 2.809(2), 2.824(2) Å) и OH⋯F (O⋯F 2.7036(18) Å), геометрия аниона SiF62– — искаженный октаэдр (расстояния Si—F 1.6780(11)—1.6877(11) Å. В ИК спектре I идентифицированы полосы поглощения основных колебаний, определены растворимость I в воде и ряде органических растворителей, а также степень гидролиза соли в 1⋅10–4 М водном растворе.
KAJIAN KERENTANAN BANGUNAN PASCA GEMPA LOMBOK 5 AGUSTUS 2018
Authors: Pradono Mulyo Harris
Published: May 2019

Pada tanggal 5 Agustus 2018 terjadi gempa dengan kekuatan M7,0 di daratan Pulau Lombok dengan kedalaman 10 km. Gempa menimbulkan kerusakan yang signifikan pada bangunan-bangunan baik bangunan rumah maupun gedung. Salah satu bangunan yang banyak rusak adalah masjid. Karena masjid merupakan bangunan yang digunakan untuk umum dan memiliki karakteriktik struktur yang khas, maka kajian dipusatkan pada bangunan masjid. Masjid-masjid yang dikaji mengalami kerusakan tapi tidak runtuh, sehingga perolehan data dapat dilakukan misalnya berupa kuat tekan beton, dimensi tulangan, dan dimensi struktur (balok, kolom, dan pelat beton). Hasil datanya kemudian dimasukkan dalam program analisis struktur untuk mendapatkan model struktur dan pada model tersebut kemudian dilakukan simulasi beban gempa agar diketahui pada beban gempa berapa struktur mengalami kerusakan.
PEMURNIAN ENZIM SEFALOSPORIN-C ASILASE DAN OPTIMASI PROSES KROMATOGRAFI PENUKAR ION
Authors: Nasution Uli Julia , Wijaya Silvia Melinda , Wibisana Ahmad , Safarrida Anna , Rachmawati Indra , Puspitasari Dian Japany , Naim Sidrotun , Mahsunah Anis Herliyanti , Wulyoadi Sasmito , Suyanto Suyanto
Published: May 2019

Purification of Cephalosporin-C Acylase and Its Optimization of Ion-Exchange ChromatographyABSTRACTCephalosporin-C acylase (CCA) has an important role in the one-step conversion of cephalosporin-C into 7-ACA. Purification process aims to increase specific activity of CCA enzyme. Purification began with cell lysis, ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and size exclusion chromatography. IEC optimization of elution step was also done to compare gradient and isocratic elusion. Purification was capable to increase the enzyme purity upto 33.66 fold, with specific activity of 3.00 U/mg and the yield reached 41.41%. Optimization of elusion during IEC showed that isocratic protein elusion was more efficient (taking shorter time, 3 column volume (CV) only) than that of gradient batch (up to 9 CV). SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the recombinant CCA enzyme existed in two types, active enzyme containing α-subunit (25 kDa) and β-subunit (58 kDa), and inactive enzyme (83 kDa) as precursor. Furthermore, 30% ammonium sulphate saturated precipitation was able to precipitate this inactive CCA.Keywords: 7-ACA,CCA, cephalosporin C, protein purification, specific activity ABSTRAKSefalosporin-C asilase (CCA) merupakan enzim yang berperan penting dalam konversi satu tahap sefalosporin-C menjadi 7-ACA. Proses purifikasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan aktivitas spesifik enzim CCA. Proses purifikasi dimulai dari memecah sel, diikuti dengan tahap presipitasi menggunakan amonium sulfat, dialisis, kromatografi penukar ion (IEC) dan kromatografi eksklusi. Optimasi proses IEC pada tahap elusi juga dilakukan untuk membandingkan elusi enzim CCA secara gradien dan isokratik. Proses purifikasi pada penelitian ini mampu meningkatkan kemurnian enzim hingga 33,66 kali, dengan aktivitas spesifik sebesar 3,00 U/mg dan perolehan enzim sebesar 41,41%. Hasil optimasi IEC pada proses elusi secara isokratik lebih efisien dari segi waktu (hanya membutuhkan 3 kolom volume (CV) dibandingkan dengan secara gradien (sampai 9 CV). Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan bahwa CCA rekombinan merupakan enzim dengan 2 macam bentuk yaitu enzim aktif, yang terdiri dari subunit α (25 kDa) dan β (58 kDa), dan enzim tidak aktif berupa prekursor (83 kDa). Proses presipitasi menggunakan amonium sulfat 30% tersaturasi dapat mengendapkan prekursor CCA.Kata Kunci: 7-ACA, aktivitas spesifik, CCA, purifikasi protein, sefalosporin C
ANALISIS KEEKONOMIAN PEMBANGUNAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BIOGAS DARI POME DENGAN CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR (CSTR)
Authors: Agus Sugiyono  , Adiarso Adiarso  , Ratna Etie Puspita Dewi  , Yudiartono Yudiartono  , Agung Wijono  , Niken Larasati
Published: May 2019

Limbah cair kelapa sawit atau dikenal dengan POME (palm oil mill effluent) dapat diproses menjadi biogas sebagai bahan bakar untuk pembangkit listrik. Produksi POME saat ini dapat digunakan untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga biogas (PLTBg) dengan kapasitas mencapai 153,4 MW yang sebagian besar berada di wilayah Sumatera. Salah satu pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) yang berpotensi untuk pembangunan PLTBg adalah PKS Sei Pagar milik PTPN V Pekanbaru. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis keekonomian pembangunan PLTBg. PLTBg didesain dengan kapasitas 700 kW dengan menggunakan biodigester jenis continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Listrik yang dihasilkan akan dijual ke PLN dengan harga jual sebesar 85% biaya pokok penyediaan (BPP) pembangkitan wilayah Riau sebesar 1.249,5 Rp/kWh. Hasil perhitungan keekonomian menunjukkan bahwa biaya investasi mencapai 26,3 milar Rupiah dengan skema 70% pinjaman dari bank dan sisanya 30% dengan modal sendiri (equity). Biaya opersi dan perawatan mencapai 2,3 miliar Rupiah setiap tahun. Pembangunan PLTBg layak untuk dilaksanakan dengan nilai IRR sebesar 11,44%, waktu pengembalian modal selama 7 tahun 11 bulan, dan NPV sebesar 1.1 miliar Rupiah.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) Dipadukan dengan Metode Demonstrasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia
Authors: Sulistyanti Lilis , Siahaan Jeckson , Junaidi Eka
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Two Stay-Two Stray (TSTS) dipadukan dengan metode demonstrasi terhadap hasil belajar kimia materi pokok laju reaksi pada siswa kelas XI MIA MAN 2 Mataram. Jenis penelitian  ini merupakan quasi experimental dalam bentuk Post-test Only Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi seluruh siswa kelas XI MIA MAN 2 Mataram. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas XI MIA 4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI MIA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pada kelas eksperimen diberi perlakuan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Two Stay-Two Stray (TSTS) dipadukan dengan metode demonstrasi sedangkan pada kelas kontrol diberi perlakuan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Uji hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji-t. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh thitung = 5,009 > ttabel = 1,671 yang berarti H0 ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Two Stay-Two Stray (TSTS) dipadukan dengan metode demonstrasi memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap hasil belajar kimia materi pokok laju reaksi pada siswa kelas XI MIA MAN 2 Mataram.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Conceptual Understanding Procedures (Cups) terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Materi Hidrokarbon Siswa Kelas XI IPA MAN Lombok Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Nauri Shofiatun , Laksmiwati Dwi , Muti’ah Muti’ah
Published: May 2019

Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Conceptual Understanding Procedures (CUPs) terhadap hasil belajar kimia materi hidrokarbon siswa kelas XIIPA MAN Lombok Barat. Jenis penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu (quasyexperiment) dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian seluruh siswa kelasXI IPA MAN Lombok Barat yang terdiri dari dua kelas, dengan jumlah totalsiswa 53 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas XI IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pada kelas eksperimen diterapkan model pembelajaran Conceptual Understanding Procedures (CUPs) dan pada kelas kontrol diterapkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Uji hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji-t. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh t-hitung=2,89>t-tabel  =1,684 yang berarti Ha diterima. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Conceptual Understanding Procedures (CUPs) memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik pada hasil belajar kimia materi hidrokarbon siswa kelas XI IPA MAN Lombok Barat.
Pengembangan Profesionalissme Guru dalam Menulis Karya Ilmiah
Authors: Al Hadi Kasnawi , Qomariyah Nurul , Minardi Suhayat , Mardiana Laili , Alaidrus Alfina Taurida , Alaa’ Siti
Published: May 2019

Abstract: Salah satu bentuk profesionalisme guru adalah memiliki kemampuan menulis artikel ilmiah. Guru SMP 2 Sekotong pada umumnya belum memiliki wawasan yang cukup tentang kepenulisan ilmiah sehingga guru mengalami kesulitan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan profesionalnya dalam bidang kepenulisan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menulis karya ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan konstruktivisme, pelaksanaan kegiatan dibagi menjadi dua kali yaitu pertama pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan melailui pemberian materi di dalam kelas dengan metode ceramah kelas, diskusi, pemberian contoh dan latihan, dan selanjutnya peserta diberikan layanan bimbingan.  Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan yang cukup tentang hakikat penulisan artikel ilmiah, menambah keterampilan menulis karya tulis ilmiah berdasarkan sistematika dan bahasa ilmiah yang baik.  Guru SMP 2 Sekotong yang mengikuti kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat sangat antusias mendapat pelatihan tentang teknik penulisan karya tulis ilmiah sebagai penunjang profesionalitasnya didunia pendidikan serta dapat menghasilkan produk artikel ilmiah yang layak diterbitkan di jurnal ilmiah. Keywords: Artikel ilmiah, guru, Konstruktivisme
Analysis of the Mamaia Bay shoreline Retreat with Hard and Soft Protection Works
Authors: Anton Catalin , Gasparotti Carmen , Anton Iulia Alina , Rusu Eugen
Published: May 2019

Integrated Coastal Zone Management is a complex concept that involves various economic, social and environmental factors. There are often conflicting approaches to these factors. Furthermore, when it is decided to implement structural works in the coastal area, it must be taken into account the particularity of the area, the way in which it is developed and the type of work to be done. The Gulf of Mamaia in the Romanian Black Sea coast is the target of structural changes through the implementation of an extensive coastal rehabilitation program. The works made are of “hard” type and aim to change the shore line configuration. From this perspective, the target of the present paper is to make an analysis between the type of work that is being carried out and another kind of "soft" work aiming especially to favor the ecological reconstruction of the area and the approach of an environmentally friendly concept. Thus, we propose to analyze the two types of works with a view to apply the Bruun rule in order to mitigate the effect of the increase of the sea level and to prevent the shoreline retreat.