bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles and Application of High Pressure–Based Technologies in the Food Industry
Authors: Balasubramaniam V.M. (Bala) , Martínez-Monteagudo Sergio I. , Gupta Rockendra
Published: March 2015

High pressure processing (HPP) has emerged as a commercially viable food manufacturing tool that satisfies consumers' demand for mildly processed, convenient, fresh-tasting foods with minimal to no preservatives. Pressure treatment, with or without heat, inactivates pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, yeast, mold, viruses, and also spores and extends shelf life. Pressure treatment at ambient or chilled temperatures has minimal impact on product chemistry. The product quality and shelf life are often influenced more by storage conditions and packaging material barrier properties than the treatment itself. Application of pressure reduces the thermal exposure of the food during processing, thereby protecting a variety of bioactive compounds. This review discusses recent scientific advances of high pressure technology for food processing and preservation applications such as pasteurization, sterilization, blanching, freezing, and thawing. We highlight the importance of in situ engineering and thermodynamic properties of food and packaging materials in process design. Current and potential future promising applications of pressure technology are summarized.
A Conversation with Hanna Pitkin
Authors: Pitkin Hanna , Rosenblum Nancy
Published: March 2015

An interview with Hanna Pitkin took place at the University of California, Berkeley, in the spring of 2014. What follows is an edited transcript; a video of the entire interview can be found at www.annualreviews.org/r/hannapitkin . Prof. Pitkin is the author of books well known to scholars and students in political theory and political science: The Concept of Representation (1967), Wittgenstein and Justice (1972), Fortune is a Woman: Gender and Politics in the Thought of Machiavelli (1984), and The Attack of the Blob: Hannah Arendt's Concept of the Social (1998). Her influential articles include the two-part essay “Obligation and Consent” (1965). Hanna Pitkin is winner of the 2003 Skytte Prize in Political Science “for her groundbreaking theoretical work, predominantly on the problem of representation.” In this interview, she discusses with Prof. Nancy L. Rosenblum her work on representation, Machiavelli's republicanism and the study of gender, early conceptual analysis in political theory, political advocacy and organization, and the personal: her childhood and early influences, and the course of her academic career.
Epistemic Democracy and Its Challenges
Authors: Schwartzberg Melissa
Published: March 2015

Epistemic democracy defends the capacity of “the many” to make correct decisions and seeks to justify democracy by reference to this ability. Epistemic democrats marshal substantial evidence from the history of political thought and a set of models to support their claims. The essay assesses this evidence and argues in favor of more empirical testing. It also cautions against using the contextually limited evidence of wise decisions as a basis for justifying democratic decision making. Instead, the article sketches a “deflationary model” that relies on neither an independent standard of correctness nor the more ambitious assertions of the reliability of the mechanisms. That model, termed judgment democracy, retains epistemic democracy's attractive respect for individual judgments and concern with institutional design, while eschewing its least plausible features.
Statistics of Extremes
Authors: Davison A.C. , Huser R.
Published: March 2015

Statistics of extremes concerns inference for rare events. Often the events have never yet been observed, and their probabilities must therefore be estimated by extrapolation of tail models fitted to available data. Because data concerning the event of interest may be very limited, efficient methods of inference play an important role. This article reviews this domain, emphasizing current research topics. We first sketch the classical theory of extremes for maxima and threshold exceedances of stationary series. We then review multivariate theory, distinguishing asymptotic independence and dependence models, followed by a description of models for spatial and spatiotemporal extreme events. Finally, we discuss inference and describe two applications. Animations illustrate some of the main ideas.
Mechanisms contributing to the response of upper-airway muscles to changes in airway pressure
Authors: Carberry Jayne C. , Hensen Hanna , Fisher Lauren P. , Saboisky Julian P. , Butler Jane E. , Gandevia Simon C. , Eckert Danny J.
Published: March 2015

This study assessed the effects of inhaled lignocaine to reduce upper airway surface mechanoreceptor activity on 1) basal genioglossus and tensor palatini EMG, 2) genioglossus reflex responses to large pulses (∼10 cmH2O) of negative airway pressure, and 3) upper airway collapsibility in 15 awake individuals. Genioglossus and tensor palatini muscle EMG and airway pressures were recorded during quiet nasal breathing and during brief pulses (250 ms) of negative upper-airway pressure. Lignocaine reduced peak inspiratory (5.6 ± 1.5 vs. 3.8 ± 1.1% maximum; mean ± SE, P < 0.01) and tonic (2.8 ± 0.8 vs. 2.1 ± 0.7% maximum; P < 0.05) genioglossus EMG during quiet breathing but had no effect on tensor palatini EMG (5.0 ± 0.8 vs. 5.0 ± 0.5% maximum; P = 0.97). Genioglossus reflex excitation to negative pressure pulses decreased after anesthesia (60.9 ± 20.7 vs. 23.6 ± 5.2 μV; P < 0.05), but not when expressed as a percentage of the immediate prestimulus baseline. Reflex excitation was closely related to the change in baseline EMG following lignocaine ( r2 = 0.98). A short-latency genioglossus reflex to rapid increases from negative to atmospheric pressure was also observed. The upper airway collapsibility index (%difference) between nadir choanal and epiglottic pressure increased after lignocaine (17.8 ± 3.7 vs. 28.8 ± 7.5%; P < 0.05). These findings indicate that surface receptors modulate genioglossus but not tensor palatini activity during quiet breathing. However, removal of input from surface mechanoreceptors has minimal effect on genioglossus reflex responses to large (∼10 cmH2O), sudden changes in airway pressure. Changes in pressure rather than negative pressure per se can elicit genioglossus reflex responses. These findings challenge previous views and have important implications for upper airway muscle control.
Dynamic representation of spectral edges in guinea pig primary auditory cortex
Authors: Montejo Noelia , Noreña Arnaud J.
Published: March 2015

The central representation of a given acoustic motif is thought to be strongly context dependent, i.e., to rely on the spectrotemporal past and present of the acoustic mixture in which it is embedded. The present study investigated the cortical representation of spectral edges (i.e., where stimulus energy changes abruptly over frequency) and its dependence on stimulus duration and depth of the spectral contrast in guinea pig. We devised a stimulus ensemble composed of random tone pips with or without an attenuated frequency band (AFB) of variable depth. Additionally, the multitone ensemble with AFB was interleaved with periods of silence or with multitone ensembles without AFB. We have shown that the representation of the frequencies near but outside the AFB is greatly enhanced, whereas the representation of frequencies near and inside the AFB is strongly suppressed. These cortical changes depend on the depth of the AFB: although they are maximal for the largest depth of the AFB, they are also statistically significant for depths as small as 10 dB. Finally, the cortical changes are quick, occurring within a few seconds of stimulus ensemble presentation with AFB, and are very labile, disappearing within a few seconds after the presentation without AFB. Overall, this study demonstrates that the representation of spectral edges is dynamically enhanced in the auditory centers. These central changes may have important functional implications, particularly in noisy environments where they could contribute to preserving the central representation of spectral edges.
Lung Tumor Suppressor GPRC5A Binds EGFR and Restrains Its Effector Signaling
Authors: Zhong Shuangshuang , Yin Huijing , Liao Yueling , Yao Feng , Li Qi , Zhang Jie , Jiao Huike , Zhao Yongxu , Xu Dongliang , Liu Shuli , Song Hongyong , Gao Yong , Liu Jingyi , Ma Lina , Pang Zhi , Yang Ruixu , Ding Chengyi , Sun Beibei , Lin Xiaofeng , Ye Xiaofeng , Guo Wenzheng , Han Baohui , Zhou Binhua P. , Chin Y. Eugene , Deng Jiong
Published: March 2015

GPRC5A is a G-protein–coupled receptor expressed in lung tissue but repressed in most human lung cancers. Studies in Gprc5a−/− mice have established its role as a tumor-suppressor function in this setting, but the basis for its role has been obscure. Here, we report that GPRC5A functions as a negative modulator of EGFR signaling. Mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) from Gprc5a−/− mice exhibited a relative increase in EGFR and downstream STAT3 signaling, whereas GPRC5A expression inhibited EGFR and STAT3 signaling. GPRC5A physically interacted with EGFR through its transmembrane domain, which was required for its EGFR inhibitory activity. Gprc5a−/− MTEC were much more susceptible to EGFR inhibitors than wild-type MTEC, suggesting their dependence on EGFR signaling for proliferation and survival. Dysregulated EGFR and STAT3 were identified in the normal epithelia of small and terminal bronchioles as well as tumors of Gprc5a−/− mouse lungs. Moreover, in these lungs EGFR inhibitor treatment inhibited EGFR and STAT3 activation along with cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of ectopic GPRC5A in human non–small cell lung carcinoma cells inhibited both EGF-induced and constitutively activated EGFR signaling. Taken together, our results show how GPRC5A deficiency leads to dysregulated EGFR and STAT3 signaling and lung tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 75(9); 1801–14. ©2015 AACR.
Molecular Portraits of Epithelial, Mesenchymal, and Hybrid States in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Their Relevance to Survival
Authors: Schliekelman Mark J. , Taguchi Ayumu , Zhu Jun , Dai Xudong , Rodriguez Jaime , Celiktas Muge , Zhang Qing , Chin Alice , Wong Chee-Hong , Wang Hong , McFerrin Lisa , Selamat Suhaida A. , Yang Chenchen , Kroh Evan M. , Garg Kavita S. , Behrens Carmen , Gazdar Adi F. , Laird-Offringa Ite A. , Tewari Muneesh , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Thiery Jean P. , Hanash Samir M.
Published: March 2015

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process associated with tumor progression and metastasis. To define molecular features associated with EMT states, we undertook an integrative approach combining mRNA, miRNA, DNA methylation, and proteomic profiles of 38 cell populations representative of the genomic heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma. The resulting data were integrated with functional profiles consisting of cell invasiveness, adhesion, and motility. A subset of cell lines that were readily defined as epithelial or mesenchymal based on their morphology and E-cadherin and vimentin expression elicited distinctive molecular signatures. Other cell populations displayed intermediate/hybrid states of EMT, with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. A dominant proteomic feature of aggressive hybrid cell lines was upregulation of cytoskeletal and actin-binding proteins, a signature shared with mesenchymal cell lines. Cytoskeletal reorganization preceded loss of E-cadherin in epithelial cells in which EMT was induced by TGFβ. A set of transcripts corresponding to the mesenchymal protein signature enriched in cytoskeletal proteins was found to be predictive of survival in independent datasets of lung adenocarcinomas. Our findings point to an association between cytoskeletal and actin-binding proteins, a mesenchymal or hybrid EMT phenotype and invasive properties of lung adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res; 75(9); 1789–800. ©2015 AACR.
Expression of Hedgehog Pathway Mediator GLI Represents a Negative Prognostic Marker in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Inhibition Exerts Antileukemic Effects
Authors: Wellbrock Jasmin , Latuske Emily , Köhler Julian , Wagner Katharina , Stamm Hauke , Vettorazzi Eik , Vohwinkel Gabi , Klokow Marianne , Uibeleisen Roswitha , Ehm Patrick , Riecken Kristoffer , Loges Sonja , Thol Felicitas , Schubert Claudia , Amling Michael , Jücker Manfred , Bokemeyer Carsten , Heuser Michael , Krauter Jürgen , Fiedler Walter
Published: March 2015

Purpose: The Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in stem-cell biology and malignant transformation. Therefore, we investigated the expression and prognostic impact of Hedgehog pathway members in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Experimental Design: Pretreatment samples from 104 newly diagnosed AML patients (AMLSG 07-04 trial) were analyzed by qPCR, and expression of Hedgehog family members was correlated with clinical outcome. Inhibition of GLI by GANT61 or shRNA was investigated in AML cells in vitro and in vivo.

Results: Expression of receptors Smoothened and Patched-1 and their downstream mediators, GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3, was found in AML patients in contrast to Hedgehog ligands. GLI2 expression had a significant negative influence on event-free survival (EFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS; P = 0.037, 0.026, and 0.013, respectively) and was correlated with FLT3 mutational status (P < 0.001). Analysis of a second, independent patient cohort confirmed the negative impact of GLI2 on EFS and OS (P = 0.007 and 0.003, respectively; n = 290). Within this cohort, GLI1 had a negative prognostic impact (P < 0.001 for both EFS and OS). Although AML cells did not express Hedgehog ligands by qPCR, AML patients had significantly increased Desert Hedgehog (DHH) plasma levels compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.002), in whom DHH was presumably provided by bone marrow niche cells. Moreover, the GLI inhibitor GANT61 or knockdown of GLI1/2 by shRNA caused antileukemic effects, including induction of apoptosis, reduced proliferation, and colony formation in AML cells, and a survival benefit in mice.

Conclusions: GLI expression is a negative prognostic factor and might represent a novel druggable target in AML. Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2388–98. ©2015 AACR.
Mad Maria, Intermedialidades e Memória dos Sentidos: a presentificação do passado em minisséries históricas
Authors: Wajnman Solange
Published: March 2015

O artigo investiga as maneiras pelas quais os objetos em Mad Maria - minissérie veiculada pela Rede Globo  - são construídos de modo a criar uma memória sensorial. Identifica na linguagem audiovisual dos objetos de cenário e figurino o emprego de técnicas de presentificação do passado que atualizam aspectos da memória nacional e possibilitam uma experiência no âmbito da recepção. A partir da teoria da materialidade e da intermedialidade buscamos captar as práticas híbridas  da cultura digital
Implosão mediática: corporalidades nas configurações de sentidos da linguagem
Authors: Rosário Nísia Martins , Aguiar Lisiane Machado
Published: March 2015

Na instância desse artigo parte-se do pressuposto de que os corpos são essencialmente geradores de sentidos e têm intenso potencial para produzir semioses ilimitadas, tanto mantendo o que está estabelecido como norma – as regularidades –, quanto promovendo cisões e rearticulação de significados – as imprevisibilidades. Entendemos que as corporalidades assumem dinamicidade e complexidade à medida que o corpo utiliza a linguagem para se comunicar, afetar e ser afetado. Contudo, os textos corporais construídos na dimensão midiática assumem características específicas com relação à dinamicidade e à complexidade das linguagens e dos sistemas culturais. Logo, as corporalidades midiáticas são problematizadas pela perspectiva da semiótica da cultura e, especialmente pelo conceito de explosão de Yuri Lotman a fim de averiguar suas especificidades de funcionamento. Em vista disso, debate-se a existência de um processo de implosão no âmbito televisivo.
O documentário e a instilação da crença
Authors: Rodrigues Laécio Ricardo de Aquino
Published: March 2015

O artigo investiga alguns procedimentos empregados pelos cineastas para conferir credibilidade à narrativa documentária e insuflar a crença no espectador, de forma a reiterar o suposto vínculo deste domínio com a realidade, não obstante a proliferação das práticas reflexivas que questionam a escritura fílmica e sua natureza discursiva
Diasporismo e anonimidade migratória no cinema: London River
Authors: Teixeira Rafael Tassi , Fisher Sandra
Published: March 2015

O artigo discute o filme London River (Rachid Bouchareb, 2009) explorando as relações entre escolhas imagético-narrativas, identidades e lugares das personagens em trânsito, focalizando as dinâmicas interculturais entre as historicidades móveis e as culturas de recepção. Desenvolve a noção da experiência do deslocamento como condição sine qua non da construção dos itinerários culturais pela globalização circundante.
Uma Experiência a nos Inspirar
Authors: Oliveira Alecsandra Matias de
Published: March 2015

Fátima Toledo, reconhecida preparadora de elenco, narra sua trajetória profissional a partir de grandes produções cinematográficas nacionais, como Pixote, Cidade de Deus, Tropa de Elite e Linha de Passe. No centro de suas preocupações está a formação do Método de interpretação que ela vem construindo em três décadas de carreira e mais de trinta e cinco filmes no currículo. Fátima Toledo – interpretar a vida, viver o cinema tem narrativa sensível e instigante sobre o trabalho de interpretação de atores. Nesse sentido, torna-se uma obra relevante para a história do cinema brasileiro.
Genetic Ancestry Is Associated With Measures of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in African Americans
Authors: Gebreab Samson Y. , Riestra Pia , Khan Rumana J. , Xu Ruihua , Musani Solomon K. , Tekola-Ayele Fasil , Correa Adolfo , Wilson James G. , Rotimi Charles N. , Davis Sharon K.
Published: March 2015

Objective—

To determine whether genetic ancestry was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measures after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammatory marker, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors in a large admixed African American population.

Approach and Results—

Participants were drawn from the Jackson Heart Study. Participant’s percent of European ancestry (PEA) was estimated based on 1747 genetic markers using HAPMIX. Association of PEA with peripheral arterial disease and common carotid intima-media thickness were investigated among 2168 participants and with coronary artery calcification >0 and abdominal aortic calcification >0 among 1139 participants. The associations were evaluated using multivariable regression models. Our results showed that a 1 SD increase in PEA was associated with a lower peripheral arterial disease prevalence after adjusting for age and sex (prevalence ratio=0.90 [95% CI, 0.82–0.99];
P
=0.036). Adjustments for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors attenuated this association (prevalence ratio=0.91 [0.82–1.00];
P
=0.046). There was also a nonlinear association between PEA and coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcification. The lowest PEA was associated with a lower coronary artery calcification (prevalence ratio=0.75 [0.58–0.96];
P
=0.022) and a lower abdominal aortic calcification [prevalence ratio=0.80 [0.67–0.96];
P
=0.016) compared with the reference group (10th–90th percentile) after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammatory marker, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors. However, we found no significant association between PEA and common carotid intima-media thickness.

Conclusions—

Overall, our findings indicate that genetic ancestry was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, suggesting unmeasured risk factors and interactions with genetic factors might contribute to the distribution of subclinical atherosclerosis among African Americans.
Aneurysm Development in Patients With a Bicuspid Aortic Valve Is Not Associated With Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation
Authors: Paloschi Valentina , Gådin Jesper R. , Khan Shaukat , Björck Hanna M. , Du Lei , Maleki Shohreh , Roy Joy , Lindeman Jan H.M. , Mohamed Salah A. , Tsuda Takeshi , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Eriksson Per
Published: March 2015

Objective—

Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have an increased risk of developing ascending aortic aneurysms. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a crucial factor of vascular remodeling, the impaired signaling of which can alter the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we analyzed the activity of TGFβ in aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal ascending aorta from BAV patients, using tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients as a reference group.

Approach and Results—

The response to exogenous TGFβ was analyzed with regard to gene expression in primary aortic smooth muscle cells that were isolated from 7 BAV and 5 TAV patients and in valve fibroblasts from 7 BAV and 8 TAV patients. The set of genes that were significantly changed by TGFβ (217 genes) was compared with gene expression profiles of the ascending aorta from BAV and TAV patients (139 arrays). By principle component analysis, based on the 217 genes, gene expression differed significantly in the intima/media region between aneurysmal BAV and TAV aortas, driven by the response in TAV patients. During aneurysm development the levels of phosphorylated SMADs and the availability of free TGFβ were lower in BAV patients compared with TAV. Confocal microscopy analysis showed a higher colocalization of latency associated peptide and latent TGFβ binding protein 3 in BAV aortas.

Conclusions—

Our findings suggest that TGFβ activation during aneurysm formation is muted in patients with BAV, possibly as a result of an increased TGFβ sequestration in the extracellular space.
Specimens of Stereomastis pacifica (Faxon, 1893) collected during the TALUD XVI-B cruise off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Hendrickx Michel E.
Published: March 2015

New records are provided for Stereomastis pacifica (Faxon, 1893) off the west coast of the northern portion of the Baja California Peninsula. Including previous records obtained during the TALUD survey and by other authors, this species is now known from a total of 12 localities along the Baja California Peninsula.
Two new species of Tortanus (Atortus) (Copepoda, Calanoida, Tortanidae) from the Andaman Islands
Authors: Nishida Shuhei , Anandavelu Iyyanar , Padmavati Gadi
Published: March 2015

Two new species of the planktonic copepod genusTortanus, subgenusAtortus, are described from inter- to sub-tidal water of South Andaman Island, India. The new species are assigned to thetropicusgroup sensu Othman (1987) and distinguished from the other members of the group by the characteristic morphology of the pair of posterior dorsolateral processes on the fifth pedigerous somite in the female and the antennule and leg 5 in the male. An analysis of previous records of thetropicusspecies group indicates their sporadic occurrence combined with high species richness in Southeast Asia, suggesting future discovery of even more species by sampling with finer geographic and habitat coverage.
Life history characteristics of the fluvial shrimp Macrobrachium yui (Holthuis, 1950) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) spawning in the cave streams in northern Laos
Authors: Kounthongbang Aloun , Lasasimma Oulaytham , Souliyamath Pany , Iguchi Keiichiro , Ito Sayaka
Published: March 2015

This study aims to understand the reproductive and larval characteristics and the migratory patterns of the shrimpMacrobrachium yui(Holthuis, 1950). We conducted monthly samplings of the adult, juvenile and larval shrimp at fixed points in the Xuang River system in northern Laos. We determined the seasonal changes in size frequency distribution, difference in size among sampling sites, occurrence of drifting larvae, and physiological condition of the shrimp. The size distributions ofM. yuidiffered significantly throughout the year among sections of the river system: small-sized juveniles occurred in the Xuang River, various size classes in the Pho Stream, and larger adults in the Bokengsakang cave stream. The gonadosomatic index of females is the highest in the Bokengsakang cave stream and the gonadosomatic index of males is the highest in the Pho Stream. Drifting larvae that had already completed morphological development for settlement on the substrate occurred only in the Bokengsakang cave stream, although the hatched larvae have a free-swimming larval period. The overall results indicate thatM. yuifemales spawn in the Bokengsakang cave stream after mating with males during or before migration to the cave stream, and the hatched larvae remain in the cave stream until settling on the bottom. The life history migration ofM. yuiis attributed to the early stages of the life cycle, depending strongly on the cave stream.
Effects of sexual dimorphism and body size on feeding behaviour of the fiddler crab, Uca bengali Crane, 1975
Authors: Tina F. W. , Jaroensutasinee M. , Jaroensutasinee K.
Published: March 2015

Uca bengaliCrane, 1975 females have two small feeding claws but males have one small feeding claw and another big claw used for waving and fights. On the basis of video recordings of feeding motions and duration, and morphometric measurements of body size (measured as carapace width) and feeding claw size (measured as dactyl length and width), differences in feeding rate per crab and per feeding claw, feeding duration, and feeding claw size between sexes were studied with the main aim to test male ability to compensate for the loss of one functional feeding claw. Additionally, feeding rate of males and females of small and large size classes was studied. Furthermore, correlations between feeding rate and body size, as well as feeding claw size and body size were investigated. Results showed that increased feeding rate per feeding claw coupled with a larger feeding claw allowed males to compensate for the loss of one feeding claw. Smaller males and females fed faster than larger ones. There was a negative correlation between feeding rate and carapace width. Feeding duration did not vary between males and females of comparable size. A positive correlation was observed between feeding claw size and carapace width.
New circumscription of Trichomanes cupressoides Desvaux (Hymenophyllaceae), an endemic filmy fern from the Seychelles (Indian Ocean), and new insights into the genus Abrodictyum C.Presl in the western Indian Ocean
Authors: Bauret Lucie , Grall Aurelie , Senterre Bruno , Rouhan Germinal , Hennequin Sabine , Ebihara Atsushi , Dubuisson Jean-Yves
Published: March 2015

The filmy fern Abrodictyum cupressoides, initially reported from Madagascar and the Seychelles (locus classicus), is often confused in the field and in collections with similar local species, especially the pantropical A. rigidum. A comparative morphological investigation of Malagasy and Seychellois specimens finds strong differences between A. cupressoides and A. rigidum as well as between Malagasy and Seychellois A. cupressoides, suggesting three distinct morpho-species. A molecular phylogeny based on rbcL sequences focused on the genus Abrodictyum shows the polyphyly of both A. cupressoides and A. rigidum, and reveals that A. cupressoides should be excluded from Abrodictyum, would belong to Trichomanes and is restricted to the Seychelles. A new description for Seychellois Trichomanes cupressoides is thus proposed. In addition, generic treatments for Malagasy T. pachyphlebium, T. madagascariense, T. boivinii and African A. guineense are discussed.
A new species of Trigonella sect. Ellipticae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) from Iran, including cytogenetic and anatomical notes
Authors: Ranjbar Massoud , HAJMORADI ZAHRA
Published: March 2015

A new species, Trigonella bakhtiarica, from the Iranian province Chahar Mahal Va Bakhtiari is described, illustrated and compared to its most closely related species, T. aphanoneura. Trigonella bakhtiarica has a longer corolla and differs in the shape, surface and size of its pods, which are taxonomically informative characters in Trigonella sect. Ellipticae. Chromosome counts and meiosis assays show that both species are diploid, and that their euploid plants possess a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16, which is consistent with the predicted base number of x = 8.
Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 66. Nomenclatural notes on Acrobolbaceae
Authors: Briscoe Laura , Engel John , Söderström Lars , Hagborg Anders , Von Konrat Matt
Published: March 2015

The liverwort family Acrobolbaceae Hodgson (1962: 117) is primarily distributed in the Southern Hemisphere and is currently described as containing three subfamilies and seven genera with approximately 60 accepted species names. The subfamily Acrobolboideae (or Acrobolbaceae s. str.) has historically contained the genera Acrobolbus Gottsche et al. (1844: 5), Marsupidium Mitt. in Hooker (1867: 751), and Tylimanthus Mitt. in Hooker (1867: 751).
“We’re All Victims”
Authors: Salvi Valentina
Published: March 2015

While the call for “national reconciliation” as a way to avoid criminal trials for human rights violations has been a constant refrain in the discourse of the armed forces since the return to democracy in Argentina in 1983, it has been made from different positions and in response to diverse conjunctures. Changes in the rhetoric of national reconciliation have been employed as a political and extrajudicial strategy by both the military and civilians for 30 years. The proposal of national reconciliation has oscillated between the need to forget the long-term effects of an “antisubversive war” and a sort of “duty to remember” in which all Argentines are brothers in the evocation of collective pain.

Aunque el llamado a la “reconciliación nacional” como una manera para evitar los juicios penales por violaciones a los derechos humanos ha sido un estribillo constante en el discurso de las fuerzas armadas desde el regreso de la democracia en la Argentina en 1983, éste se ha hecho desde diferentes posiciones y como respuesta a coyunturas diferentes. Los cambios en la retórica de la reconciliación nacional han sido usados como una estrategia política y extrajudicial tanto por los militares como por los civiles desde hace 30 años. La propuesta de reconciliación nacional ha oscilado entre la necesidad de olvidar los efectos a largo plazo de la “guerra antisubversiva” y una especie de “deber de memoria” en el que todos los argentinos están hermanados en la evocación de un dolor colectivo.
Reshaping the Urban Space in Portuguese Fortified Cities
Authors: dos Santos Joaquim Manuel Rodrigues
Published: March 2015

In the early nineteenth century, the (obsolete) Portuguese urban fortifications were frequently ruined and suffering from a gradual desertion around them. With the emergence of patrimonial concerns, those defensive structures began being considered as historical and cultural monuments. As a result, the isolation of these monuments became a common practice that often created public green areas (gardens and parks) framing monuments, giving them a picturesque image. The consequences of these rehabilitation actions on urban fortifications in Portugal are analyzed here, focusing particularly on those that created new public green spaces within and around urban areas. In fact, the shape of several Portuguese cities was conditioned by those interventions: not only were breathing areas conceived in the middle of dense urban masses, allowing their fruition by local populations, but also some ancient urban belts associated with former defensive needs were recovered by those interventions.
Expectations regarding partner fidelity in dating relationships
Authors: Watkins Sarah J. , Boon Susan D.
Published: March 2015

This study investigated the nature of people’s expectations about their dating partners’ fidelity and whether trust, commitment, and disapproval of infidelity predicted their expectations. Individuals ( N = 209) in ongoing dating relationships completed measures of trust, commitment, and disapproval of infidelity as well as items assessing their expectations concerning the likelihood their partners had cheated on them or would cheat on them in the future. Consistent with earlier research with married individuals, participants thought it very unlikely—both in an absolute and in a relative sense—their dating partners would engage in extra-dyadic activity. Additionally, greater trust and disapproval of infidelity (but not commitment) predicted increasing faith in partners’ fidelity. We discuss possible personal and relational benefits of optimistic fidelity expectations.
A framework to embed records management into the auditing process in the public sector in South Africa
Authors: Ngoepe Mpho , Ngulube Patrick
Published: March 2015

Audit reports issued by the Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA) yearly indicate that poor record-keeping is one of the contributing factors to disclaimer audit opinions in the public sector. Despite this, records management is often not considered or used as an essential element to facilitate an effective auditing process in the public sector in South Africa. Utilizing the auditing process of AGSA as a conceptual framework, this study sought to develop a framework to embed records management practices into the auditing process in the public sector in South Africa, with a view to reduce findings on record-keeping in the audit reports. Literature review was conducted to demonstrate the relationship between records management and auditing. The study suggests a framework that can assist governmental bodies in managing records effectively throughout the application of an auditing process that includes records management at all stages and within specific contexts of the organization. It is hoped that such a framework will help governmental bodies in South Africa towards obtaining clean audit reports.
Honor and Shame in Hosea's Marriages
Authors: Moon Joshua
Published: March 2015

While Hosea's marriage has often been read in terms of an analogy of action, so that the ‘whoring’ of Israel parallels the whoring of Gomer, this article argues that the analogy rests on a status of shame. Yahweh commands Hosea to take on the shameful status of being married to a whoring wife. Hosea thereby embodies Yahweh's shameful status in being bound to Israel. By noting this we are able to understand the paucity of details that leave commentators puzzled and to reckon with the marriage statements as they stand. The restoration of Israel and Hosea's second marriage are then understood as embodying Yahweh's embrace of the shameful status for the sake of his love (covenant devotion) towards Israel.
Career Adaptability and Subjective Well-Being in Unemployed Emerging Adults
Authors: Konstam Varda , Celen-Demirtas Selda , Tomek Sara , Sweeney Kay
Published: March 2015

Unemployment is associated with increased levels of anxiety, depression, and disconnection among emerging adults. Given the greater risk of unemployment for emerging adults (13.2% in the United States), career adaptability is relevant to understanding how emerging adults survive and thrive in today’s challenging work environment. This study examined the effect of career adaptability on subjective well-being in 184 unemployed diverse emerging adults of age 21–29. Results revealed that emerging adults with higher levels of control and confidence had higher life satisfaction. Control was positively related to positive affect while at the same time negatively related to negative affect. Control was the most consistent informant of subjective well-being (significant on all three subscale measures). The implications of the significant findings, and the caution warranted in relation to these findings, are discussed.
Highly constrained optimal gliding guidance
Authors: Zhu Jianwen , Liu Luhua , Tang Guojian , Bao Weimin
Published: March 2015

A novel highly constrained optimal gliding guidance algorithm, which can satisfy multiple path and terminal constraints in the presence of no-fly zones for hypersonic vehicle, is investigated in this paper. It employs line-of-sight angle to describe the relative location relationship between flight path and no-fly zones, and proposes boundaries selection algorithm for each no-fly zone, which is called avoidance strategy, with minimum energy consumption. The boundaries determined by avoidance strategy divide the flight process and guidance task into several stages. In each stage, it constructs guidance models based on quasi-equilibrium glide condition in longitudinal and lateral directions respectively, and employs optimal control to generate guidance law to satisfy terminal location, altitude, and flight path angle constraints. In addition, all the path constraints, including heating rate, dynamic pressure, and overload, are converted into the angle-of-attack constraint to ensure the guidance mission can be accomplished successfully. This algorithm is independent of standard trajectory, and all the guidance commands, including the bank angle and the angle of attack, can be calculated analytically in real time and adaptively. Finally, the simulation results of CAV-H indicate that the proposed strategy can guide the vehicle to satisfy multiple different constraints with high precision and avoid no-fly zones effectively.
What investigations are needed to optimally monitor for malignancies in SLE?
Authors: Tessier-Cloutier B , Clarke A E , Pineau C A , Keeling S , Bissonauth A , Ramsey-Goldman R , Lee J , Bernatsky S
Published: March 2015

Objective

The overall cancer incidence risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is approximately 15%–20% more than in the general population. Nevertheless, to date, the optimal malignancy screening measures in SLE remain undefined. Our objective is to determine what investigations are needed to optimally monitor for malignancies in SLE in order to inform upcoming Canadian Rheumatology Association recommendations.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search looking at three scientific sources, Embase, Medline and Cochrane, in an attempt to identify cancer screening recommendations for patients with SLE. We used a filter for observational studies and included articles published in 2000 and onward.

Results

The initial search strategy led to 986 records. After removal of duplicates and articles unrelated to SLE, we were left with 497 titles. From those, 79 research articles on cancer incidence in SLE were isolated and reviewed. Of the 79 original research papers, 25 offered screening recommendations, 14 suggested additional cancer screening whereas 11 studies simply promoted adherence to general population screening measures. The suggestions for more rigorous screening included recommending human papilloma virus testing in addition to routine cervical screening, and/or that cervical screening should be performed annually and/or suggested urine cancer screening in SLE patients with a history of cyclophosphamide exposure.

Conclusions

We found no original research studies directly comparing cancer screening strategies in SLE. Generally, authors recommend adherence to general population screening measures, particularly cervical screening. This, possibly with adding targeted screening in special cases (e.g. annual urine cytology in patients with prior cyclophosphamide exposure, and considering existing lung cancer screening guidelines for past heavy smokers), may be a reasonable approach for cancer screening in SLE.
An Investigation of the Effects of Music on Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Interpretations
Authors: Carlton Lana , Macdonald Raymond A. R.
Published: March 2015

This study investigated the effects of musical stimuli on Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) interpretations. Sixty participants created written interpretations of 8 TAT pictures. Twenty participants listened to music rated as having a positive emotional valence in a pilot study. 20 listened to music as having a negative emotional valence in a pilot study and a further 20 participants created TAT interpretations without musical stimulation. Results highlight that the emotional valence of background musical stimuli influenced the participants' interpretations of pictorial information. Specifically, the affective direction of participants' interpretations was found to be significantly related to the type of musical stimuli. Findings are discussed with reference to music and emotions literature highlighting the multifaceted way in which music impacts aspects of daily life.
Nœuds Polychromes et Entrelacs Sonores : Vers de Nouvelles Catégories Musicales
Authors: Jedrzejewski Franck
Published: March 2015

L'article présente deux applications de la théorie des nceuds et des entrelacs à l'univers musical. La première application est une classification des séries de douze sons selon des structures particulières appelées diagrammes de cordes. Cette taxinomie conduit à une nouvelle hiérarchie des structures profondes du lexique dodécaphonique. La chiralité et les degrés de symétrie des formes sérlelles sont directement accessibles sur ces diagrammes qui rŕsument les propriétés intrinsèques de la série, La forme schématique nodale remplit ainsi la double fonction d'integration méronymique et de contrôle combinatoire. La deuxlème application est une approche des problèmes du tempérament musical et de l'analyse des systèmes acoustiques contemporains par coloration des entrelacs. A chaque arc de la représentation planaire d'un nœud est associée une fréquence (appelée aussi couleur) du système acoustique envisagé. Lors du passage d'un arc à un autre par croisement des brins du nœud, la fréquence évolue selon les règles d'une grammaire prédéfinie, L'entrelacs ainsi étiqueté — appelé nœud polychrome — décnt complètement l'accord du système acoustique. Des questions théoriques comme la transposition des échelles tonales dans des univers nontempérés ou les variations micro-intervalliques dans Ie champ compositionnel s'etudient de manière naturelle à l'aide de ces nouvelles catégories musicales.
Arthroscopic Brostrom Technique
Authors: Acevedo Jorge I. , Mangone Peter
Published: March 2015

Surgical strategy regarding chronic lateral ankle instability is undergoing an evolution from traditional open procedures to minimally invasive and arthroscopic techniques. The development of arthroscopic techniques for the ankle mirrors the processes witnessed for the shoulder and knee over the last 30 years. The arthroscopic Brostrom is a novel technique that allows the surgeon to use an arthroscope to perform a lateral ankle ligament reconstruction that was previously thought possible only through open surgical technique. Indications and contraindications for the arthroscopic technique are essentially the same as those for an open Brostrom type of procedure. The arthroscopic Brostrom procedure is easy to remember and relatively simple to perform for the surgeon who has mastered basic ankle arthroscopy. The authors’ results discussed in this article reveal that the arthroscopic Brostrom is a safe and effective procedure with outcomes at least equal to published results for traditional open techniques.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
A Dual-Process Perspective on Fluency-Based Aesthetics
Authors: Graf Laura K. M. , Landwehr Jan R.
Published: March 2015

In this article, we develop an account of how aesthetic preferences can be formed as a result of two hierarchical, fluency-based processes. Our model suggests that processing performed immediately upon encountering an aesthetic object is stimulus driven, and aesthetic preferences that accrue from this processing reflect aesthetic evaluations of pleasure or displeasure. When sufficient processing motivation is provided by a perceiver’s need for cognitive enrichment and/or the stimulus’ processing affordance, elaborate perceiver-driven processing can emerge, which gives rise to fluency-based aesthetic evaluations of interest, boredom, or confusion. Because the positive outcomes in our model are pleasure and interest, we call it the Pleasure-Interest Model of Aesthetic Liking (PIA Model). Theoretically, this model integrates a dual-process perspective and ideas from lay epistemology into processing fluency theory, and it provides a parsimonious framework to embed and unite a wealth of aesthetic phenomena, including contradictory preference patterns for easy versus difficult-to-process aesthetic stimuli.
Effect of lubricant temperature and type on spur gear efficiency in racing engine gearbox across full engine load and speed range
Authors: Douglas Calum Eric , Thite Anand
Published: March 2015

Energy losses are of great significance to the automotive and motorsports industries. Many of these losses are incurred during power transmission through the gearbox. There has been considerable research in this area; however, generally gear losses are not calculated at part load condition, nor are so-called dry sump systems considered outside of motor racing. The method developed by Anderson & Loewenthal, which considers efficiency over part-load conditions is used here to calculate geartrain losses with varying speed, load and temperature conditions in a spur gear type gearbox for motorsport application. Both oil bath (wet sump) and oil jet (dry sump) systems of lubrications are considered. The Changenet method is used to calculate the churning losses in the typical oil bath lubrication system. Seventeen different mineral and synthetic oils were evaluated. At 75 kW engine output, 1200 W were lost in the dry sump gearbox whereas 1320 W were lost in the wet-sump gearbox – in first gear at 10,500 r/min engine speed. The oils studied showed a spread of total drive efficiency of 97.8% to 99% in the most extreme temperature case. From the observation of how efficiency and film thickness relate to operating temperatures, it is clear that tight temperature control is critical to obtain the potential benefits available from oil optimisation. The dry sump gearbox is predicted to be more efficient only above 5000 r/min engine speed.
Associations across spatial patterns of disease incidences, socio-demographics, and land use in Finland 1991–2010
Authors: Voutilainen Ari , Hartikainen Sirpa , Sherwood Paula R. , Taipale Heidi , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri
Published: March 2015

Aims: The epidemiological aim was to draw a general picture of spatial patterns of diseases, socio-demographics, and land use in Finland to detect possible under-recognized associations between the patterns. The methodological purpose was to compare and combine two statistical techniques to approach the data from different viewpoints. Methods: Two different statistical methods, the self-organizing map and principal coordinates of neighbor matrices with variation partitioning, were used to search for spatial patterns of 15 non-infectious diseases and 17 direct or indirect risk factors. The dataset was gathered from five Finnish registries and pooled over the years 1991–2010. The statistical unit in the analyses was a municipality ( n=303). Results: Variables referring to urban living were related to low incidences of all other diseases but cancer, whereas variables referring to rural living were related to low incidences of cancer and high incidences of other diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, diabetes, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and serious mental illnesses at the municipal level. The relationships between diseases other than cancer and risk factors related to socio-demographics and land use variables were stronger than those between cancer and risk factors. Conclusions: The structuration of spatial patterns was dominated by CHD together with land use features and unemployment rate. The relationship between unemployment and spatial health inequalities was emphasized. On the basis of the present study, it is suggested that large heterogeneous datasets are clustered and analyzed simultaneously with more than one statistical method to recognize the most significant and generalizable results.