bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Research on Waste Water Treatment Method of Marine Desulfurization Washing System
Authors: Zhang Bang Long , Zhou Song , Li Cai Ling , Zhang Cheng Kai , Zhang Chen
Published: September 2013

As the increasingly strict emission regulations, develop new and efficient desulfurization equipment, to meet the requirements of future Marine sulfur emissions control, ensure freedom of navigation in all waters of the ship, we need to desulfurization of diesel engine emissions. Waste desulfurization generated also need to process and strict inspection to reach the discharge standard of corresponding IMO. The main purpose of this paper is to study a new system for processing waste engine emission for marine diesel engine, this system will make waste liquid treatment becomes more efficient, energy saving, but also saves the cost of waste water treatment. This paper introduces a new technology for processing ship washing desulfurization waste liquid, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this equipment. Finally, this method gives the improving measures for the problems and prospects for the development trend of ship desulfurization wastewater treatment.
Role of Electric Field on Electroviscosity
Authors: Pan Yun Lu , Li Da Yong , Zhao Xue Zeng
Published: September 2013

The drag of liquid flow is of interest in micro/nanoscale. Electroviscosity is one of the important factors which can affect drag. By applying electric filed between liquid and surface, the surface charge density can be changed, leading to a change of electroviscosity. This paper experimentally studied the effect of applying electric field on the surface charge density, and analyzed the change of electroviscosity with applying electric field. The electroviscosity is found abated with applying electric field which will decrease the drag of liquid flow.
Formation and Control of The Pinhole Defects on the Lightgauge Aluminum Foil
Authors: Zhou Shu Xin , Liu Jian Zun , Zhang Chuan Wei , Chen Xiang , Kong Xiang Hua
Published: September 2013

Pinhole defects on light gauge aluminum foilwere classified by the morphology characteristics. According to the classification, the formation mechanism of pinhole defects was discussed and some control methods for the control of these pinholes were proposed. and the methods to prevent the pinhole were proposed.
Microstructures and Electrical Properties of BaTiO3 PTC Ceramics
Authors: Chun Myoung Pyo , Shin Hyo Soon , Hyun Sang Il , Kim Byung Ik
Published: September 2013

The microstructure, especially porosity, of PTC (positive temperature coefficient) thermistor based on BaTiO3 was controlled with a forming pressure. The relationship between theirPTCR properties and microstructureswas investigated with an optical and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images and digital multimeter. Disk samples were fabricated by pressinguniaxially at various pressures of 100~15000kg/cm2 and sintering at 1265°C in reducing atmosphere and finally re-oxidizing at 700°C in air. The porosity of the samples decreased rapidly from 45% to 8% with increasing the forming pressure from 100 to 1000kg/cm2andbecame 4% at 15000kg/cm2with slowdecreasing of porosity in the pressure range of 1000~15000kg/cm2.With increasing the forming pressure, the resistivity jump of samplesdecreased rapidlyfrom 0.5 to 2.9 at about1000kg/cm2that corresponds tothe porosity of 15% and was saturated above this pressure. It is considered that there is a critical amount of porosity for having PTCR effect, which was about 15% in our samples. In addition, the porosity of the sample has a greater influence on the resistivity jump than on theresistivity at room temperature, which is due to the oxidation of grain boundary through a favorable channel of oxygen such as a pore.
The Effect of Superplasticizer on Strength and Chloride Permeability of Concrete Containing GGBFS
Authors: Zhang Shi Yi , Fan Ying Fang , Li Ning Ning
Published: September 2013

The effect of superplasticizer on the mechanical property and chloride permeability of concrete containing GGBFS is investigated in this paper. Compressive and rapid chloride-ion diffusion tests were conducted to determine the axial compressive and chloride-ion diffusion coefficients of GGBFS modified concrete. The tests result indicated that the compressive strength of GGBFS modified concrete with the addition of 2wt. % superplasticizer are further improved at 14 and 28 days. Superplasticizer can significantly enhance the resistance to chloride ion penetration of concrete containing GGBFS with a reasonable additive content at long-term age. The optimum content of superplasticizer is suggested to be 1wt. % to 2wt. % of the cementitous materials.
The Electromagnetic Disturbance Study Based on the Observational Data from Satellite and Ground Station during a Magnetic Storm
Authors: Yan Rui , Wang Lan Wei , Zhang Shi Zhong
Published: September 2013

The disturbance phenomena and its characteristics of electromagnetic field are studied in this paper, based on the observational data in satellite and ground station during the magnetic storm occurred from 21 to 23 July, 2009. The results showed that: (1) the synchronous disturbances are seen from the two kinds of electromagnetic data in the same magnetic storm, especially during the active phase. (2)The disturbances performance are different: from electromagnetic data of revisited orbit in satellite, the disturbances of storm and non-storm are distinguished effectively in the main phase stage; the evolution trend of magnetic storm can be found from the data of continuous orbit. The geoelectric and geomagnetism data is a time sequence for a fixed location, therefore the full evolution of magnetic storm can be reflected. (3) The features and advantages of the two kinds data can play a better role, if they are comprehensive applied.
Design of Remote Real-Time Environmental Condition Monitoring System Based on Multi-Network Mergence
Authors: Luo Yin
Published: September 2013

t is a hot issues about how to the environmental condition conveniently and economically. A kind of remote real-time environmental condition monitoring system merging ad hoc network, GPRS/GSM and PSTN is designed. Ad hoc wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to detect environmental temperature, humidity, illuminance, gas and carbon monoxide concentration etc. Wireless gateway is constructed with GPRS/GSM module and embedded Modem. It realizes seamless connection of ad hoc network, GPRS/GSM and PSTN and transmits data collected by WSN to mobile and remote computer. This system has the characteristics of small, remote, dispread and economical, it can realize multipoint distribution, central management, multiple alarm and remote monitoring.
Green Tourism and Physical Environment Assessment Design
Authors: Hung Fei Shuo , Lee Chia Hung
Published: September 2013

Night market is a unique business arena that always create a happening scene in TaiwanBesides providing a space for people to spend their leisure time and money, night market is also a place where the consuming-culture that can only be found in Taiwan.In fact, it fits the current consuming mode of our society, and yet it has become the main night activities for people. The purpose of this article is to investigate consumers impression and experience of visiting a night market, and for simplification, we only recruit the famous Tai-Chung FengJia Night Marketin this survey. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed during the peak hours (1900~2300) of the night market every day. The survey has reflected the factors that affect consumers night market impression are environment, diversification, attractiveness, information, customer service, price, quality and convenience. Meanwhile, the survey has also divided the consumers of FengJiaNight Market into threedifferent clusters, namelyShopping-oriented, Brand-oriented and Leisure-oriented.
Minimal Control Synthesis Algorithm for Panel Vibration Control
Authors: Ma Tian Bing , Du Fei
Published: September 2013

Minimal control synthesis (MCS) algorithm with good compensation ability for fast disturbances is used to suppress the vibration of piezoelectric panel. The first two modes model of controlled piezoelectric panel are set up by experiment. LQR method is selected as the reference model. Simulation results show that this method have good stability, faster convergence performance and strong anti-interference ability under transient disturbances or persistent disturbances excitation.
Application of Intelligent Materials in Vibration Control for Strapdown Inertial Navigation System
Authors: Sun He , Li Fan , Zhao Jian Hui
Published: September 2013

This paper investigated the vibration control based on intelligent materials for strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) from theoretical analysis to simulation verification. At first, significance of vibration control in SINS and the disadvantages of the traditional vibration control methods were set forth. Then, intelligent material and structure were introduced to improve the situation. A method of combining active and passive vibration control based on piezoelectric ceramic had been put forward. Through modeling and designing PID and fuzzy PID controller separately, the simulation results show that both the model and the control methods are effective. Finally, its effectiveness and the further researched required to be done were summarized.
Effect of BiCl3 on the Morphology and Property of PVDF Films
Authors: Wang Ya Jun , Wang Fang Fang , Xu Lian Jie
Published: September 2013

Different mass fraction of BiCl3was added into the PVDF film to increase the content ofβ-phase. XRD and SEM were used to analyze the crystalline phase and microstructure of the films. The results show that adding of BiCl3increases the content ofβ-phase in the films. The possible reason of the increment ofβ-phase is that the addition of BiCl3can make the free radicals of PVDF with electric charge return to their original position and consequently improve the degree of crystalline ofβ-phase. Dielectric and thermal properties were also analyzed. When mass fraction of BiCl3is 2%, the PVDF film has the highest degree of crystalline and best properties.
Study on Properties of Zn-Al-Mg-RE Coatings by Arc Spraying
Authors: Lu Fei , Xie Zhao Qian , Lu Yu Feng , Lou Miao , Zhou Meng , Hu Xin Dong
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the organization, reduce the porosity, compact the structure and enhance the corrosion resistance of the coating, Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating system was prepared by high velocity arc spraying. The surface appears, phase composition and electrochemical properties of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray radiation diffaction and electrochemical workstation. The results indicated that the coatings were compact. The coatings were mainly zinc and aluminum phase. In corrosion of immersion, the reaction resistance and coating resistance of coatings quickly become bigger, the surface of coatings become more compact, and the corrosion reaction is more difficult. Electrochemical tests showed that the coating had excellent corrosion resistance. The electrochemical protection and self-sealing effect of coatings can have long-term effects on anticorrosion.
Optimization of the NDV-N-2-HACC/CMC Microspheres Preparation
Authors: Chen Qian , Kang Hong , Zhang Yang , Wu Hao , Dai Chun Xiao , Guo Chen , Shi Ci , Wang Xin , Jin Zheng , Zhao Kai
Published: September 2013

Purpose:in this study, the conditions of the preparation of NDV-N-2-HACC/CMC microspheres are optimized. Methods:Using entrapment efficiency, particle size, Zeta potential as the evaluating indicators, 3 main factors to influence the preparation for microspheres were optimized by orthogonal factorization method. Result:The optimal conditions were 1.0 mg/ml HACC, 1.2 mg/ml CMC, 1:3 (v/v) NDV/HACC, and 1200 r/min and 30 min for stirring. The range of particle size was 192.1-595.2 nm, and average size was 304.3 nm. Zeta potential was +32.50 mV; encapsulation efficiency (EE) was (98.96±2.1) %.Conclusion:the conditions of the preparation of NDV-N-2-HACC/CMC microspheres are optimized.
Research on Several Key Technologies of Power Grid Integrated Dispatching and Control System
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhao Jia Qing , Fan Sen , Zhu Hai Bing , Zhang Yong Gang , Xu Xian Feng , Zhuang Wei Jin
Published: September 2013

Integrated Dispatching and Control System (IDCS) is an inevitable outcome of power grid dispatching automation as it develops to a certain stage, it provides important technical support for the construction of state grids integrated operation system. This paper firstly analyzes system construction and application status of IDCS, then summarizes existing problems and studies key technologies of IDCS from the aspects of improving systems intellectualization, security, rapidity and user-friendliness. Meanwhile, the developing foreground of IDCS will be conducted, expecting to provide some beneficial thoughts for relevant research and development.
Theoretical Simulation of Optical Collector for Solar Optic Fiber Lighting System Based on Rotary Parabola Mirror
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Xiao Xia , Li Li
Published: September 2013

The solar optical collector based on rotary parabola mirror for solar optic fiber lighting is discussed in this paper. By this reflection method, the chromatic aberration can be avoided. The performance of solar collecting and fiber coupling are simulated by Tracepro software. The results showed this system can collecting soar lights with high efficiency and has high light concentration ratio. The solar lights can be coupled into optic fiber with low loss. An interesting results is found that the concentration ratio decreased with the increased curvature ratio between ellipsoid surface and parabola surface.
The Empirical Study of Electricity Market's Financial Risk Assessment Based on CVaR
Authors: Li Jiang
Published: September 2013

When the electricity market brings the expected benefits to participants, the price fluctuations also make them to face the enormous financial risks, thus assessing the financial risks of electricity market has an important significance. In this article, the U.S. New England Pools average daily settlement price is used as the historical data. As for its transaction risk and financial management risk, adopting the effective financial risk assessment tools to evaluate the market risk, which results have a certain reference value.
Control Methods and Techniques on GIC in Power Systems
Authors: Yang Yi
Published: September 2013

GICs in technological conductor networks are a ground manifestation of space weather. During severe geomagnetic storms, if GICs flow in power systems, real and reactive power flow will swing abnormally, also transformer saturation, over-voltage fluctuation, frequency shift, unnecessary relay trippings and increased harmonic contents, even damage of transformer or a collapse of the whole system may occur. So GIC controlling in power systems is so significant that it can help power systems stand through strong geomagnetic disturbances, as well as ensure safe and stable operation of power systems. In this paper, control methods and techniques on GIC in power systems have been summarized in reference of research achievements and control experience on GIC.
Operational Emission Reduction Capability of Regional Power System
Authors: Ren Ping , Zhang Xiang Ming
Published: September 2013

Based on the current development status of China power system, this article aims to analyze factors that have influence on operations emission reduction capability of regional power system, and develop mathematical model for emission reduction capability measurement. The great potential emission reduction capability will be calculated by applying this model to Jilin Province.
Study on the Algorithm of Distribution Network Planning Containing Distributed Power
Authors: Huang Yue Hua , Li Hong Gang , Peng Na , Liu Na , Sun Ming Hao
Published: September 2013

Access distributed power will take great influence to distribution network's safe and economic operation. This paper established a distribution network planning economic model and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various planning algorithms, and propose an adaptive parallel genetic algorithm. This algorithm can overcome premature phenomenon of standard genetic algorithm, and the ability is better to seek the global optimal solution.
Investigations of Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfers in a Modified Reactor Using Fluid Mixers
Authors: Jiamrittiwong Prayut , Pana-Suppamassadu Karn , Narataruksa Phavanee , Tungkamani Sabaithip , Chollacoop Nuwong
Published: September 2013

The performance of a packed-bed reactor typically used in Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) or Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) technologies in producing liquid fuels was affected by unfavorable high pressure drop, flow and temperature maldistributions which in turn could cause severe catalyst deactivation, and result in inefficient reaction etc. A certain types of fluid mixers such as KenicsTM or Mixing & Stirring type static mixers had been suggested to improve the performance of this type of reactor. In order to design a proper modified reactor by mean of an installation of such mixing structures for the pilot plant in liquid fuel production via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) conducted at the RCC research center, this study had to characterize the hydrodynamics and heat transfers within a packed-bed modified by KenicsTM and Mixing & Stirring type static mixers. During the FTS, the syngas i.e. CO and H2 was fed through the bed of catalyst causing the temperature rise due to an exothermic enthalpy, and the flow and temperature distributions of mixed gas within the catalyst bed were influenced. The improved velocity and temperature distributions and heat transfers were exhibited by using such mixers e.g. rather uniform distributions and higher heat transfer coefficient. Thus, the better performance of the reactor could be expected.
Syngas Production via Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane in a Wall-Coated Monolith Reactor
Authors: Srisurat Thanarak , Pana-Suppamassadu Karn , Narataruksa Phavanee , Tungkamani Sabaithip , Phongaksorn Monrudee , Sornchamni Thana
Published: September 2013

The production of syngas via carbon dioxide reforming or dry methane reforming (DMR) was studied in the present study. To reduce pressure drop and improve the performance, the reaction was carried out over a 10%Ni/Al2O3-MgO catalyst in a wall-coated monolith reactor at about 600°C, atmospheric pressure. The monolith reactor comprised of 37 circular flow channels of 3-mm-diameter. The reactant gases i.e. CH4and CO2at stoichiometric molar ratio of 1:2 was fed into the reactor at the volumetric flow rate of 450, 600 and 750 mL/min corresponding to various gas space velocities (GSV) i.e. 0.57, 0.76, and 0.96 s-1, respectively. Under 24-hr continuous operations, the stability of system could be sustained and the deactivation by carbon deposition was not observed. The experimental results did show that the conversion of methane depended upon the GSV i.e. the %CH4conversion were 50, 45 and 40% for the GSV of 0.57, 0.76, and 0.96 s-1, respectively. In addition, the %H2yield, %H2selectivity, %CO yield, %CO selectivity also depended on the feeding rate and so affected the performance of the wall-coated monolith reactor as a reformer.
CeO2/CuO Catalysts with Na2CO3 as Precipitant for Preferential Oxidation of CO
Authors: Zeng Shang Hong , Chen Tian Jia , Su Hai Quan , Man Quan , Zhang Wen Li
Published: September 2013

The CeO2/CuO catalysts were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The study shows that the particle-like CeO2 can self-assemble into the rod-like CeO2 during the hydrothermal procedure and the rods of CeO2 become shorter with the decrease of Ce/Cu molar ratio. The highly dispersed CuO is favorable for CO oxidation at lower temperature, and the bulk CuO can help CO oxidation at higher temperature due to the limitation of reduction.
Study on Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum Analysis of LiFePO4 in Aqueous Solutions by Using Powder Microelectrode
Authors: Ha Na , Liu Jie Min
Published: September 2013

LiFePO4is becoming promising lithium ion cathode material. Because period of testing call is long, sometimes it cannot accurately characterize for cathode materials. By using Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum, it would be better to describe performance of materials. The electrochemical parameters have been obtained by modeling process of insertion and desertion by Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum, which is helpful to analyze LiFePO4electrochemical performance. Because of quick response and preciseness of electrochemical method, it would be better to analyze cathode materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid)/PVP Modified Bentonite Superabsorbent Polymer
Authors: Wu Pei Qi , Zheng Cheng Zhang , He Yu Jian , Lin Da Zhou , Wu Zi Jie , Liao Jun Jian , Lu Qi Ming
Published: September 2013

A novel superabsorbent composite has been prepared via aqueous solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of PVP modified bentonite powder using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. The amount of PVP modified bentonite in the superabsorbent affected on the ultimate water absorbency was optimized, and the swelling kinetics and water retention ability were systematically investigated. The composite structure was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TG) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the superabsorbents with PVP modified bentonite own superior water-swelling capability and water retention ability.
Experimental Study on Coal Chemical Looping Combustion Using CuFe2O4 as Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Wang Lei , Qin Wu , Wu Ling Nan , Hu Xue Qing , Gao Ming Zhong , Zhang Jun Jiao , Dong Chang Qing , Yang Yong Ping
Published: September 2013

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has been proposed as an efficient and clean technology that could contribute to achieve carbon dioxide capture with negligible cost. The technology uses a metal oxide as oxygen carrier that indirectly transfer oxygen from air to fuels to oxidize the fuels. CuFe2O4 was prepared as a novel oxygen carrier to decrease the cost of raw material and increase the reactivity of iron-based oxygen carrier. The structure of the prepared oxygen carrier was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The reaction of CuFe2O4 with coal was tested in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results showed that the pyrolysis of coal under CO2 was more complete than that under N2, and the final conversion of CuFe2O4 during CLC of coal reached 66.6%. SEM images and BET surface area of the fresh and the used oxygen carrier show little agglomeration during the process.
Study on EGR Technology Routes of Vehicle Engine - A Review
Authors: Zhou Li
Published: September 2013

An introduction was given to the basic structure principles and testing programs of EGR system. The technical key elements which can improve the comprehensive performances of EGR system were put forward, and these elements were composed of the choice of high pressure loop (HPL) and low pressure loop (LPL) EGR system, the design of EGR valve, the design of EGR cooling system, the uniformity of EGR in every cylinder and the matching with VGT system. Finally, a sum that EGR technical requirements meet different emission regulations was established
Study on China's Energy Demand Ridge Regression Prediction Based on Path Analysis
Authors: Feng Xue , Zhang Jin Suo , Zou Shao Hui , Bao Wuyunbilige
Published: September 2013

Energy demand system is a complex system, which is affected and controlled by many factors and external environmental in its development and evolution process. This paper selected the prediction method of correlation, in the way of literature review at first, preliminary qualitatively choose factors which influence the energy demand. Then the direct, indirect and total effect degree of each factor on energy demand were measured by the method of path analysis. On the basis of path analysis, used ridge regression to eliminate multicollinearity to forecast China's energy demand, the prediction accuracy is high, and its practicability in this model is good.
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Pelleting of Cellulosic Biomass: A Review
Authors: Fan Kang Qi , Tang Yong Jun , Fang Yang
Published: September 2013

Increasing concerns about reliable supplies and envi­ronmental consequences of petroleum-based fuels have made it important to develop sustainable green sources for liquid transportation fuels. One such source is cellulosic biomass. However, high costs associated with transportation and storage of low-density cellulosic biomass has hindered large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing of cellulosic biofuels. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting can increase biomass density, improve storability, and reduce transportation costs. This paper reviews the state of the art of this technique, covering the effects of different process parameters on pellet quality, pellet charring, pellet crack, and sugar yield. It can be concluded that pellet density increases with an increase in ultrasonic power and pelleting pressure, and with a decrease in biomass moisture content and particle size. However, large ultrasonic power may lead to the charring of cellulosic biomass, which adversely affects the conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol. In addition, some problems associated with UV-A pelletingof cellulosic biomass are proposed.
Applicability Research of Germany “Passive Housing” Technology in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Area in China
Authors: Liu Jian Long , Zhang Hai Ping , Wang Han Qing , Xia Xiao Qian
Published: September 2013

Passive housing is a combination of technological products which base on building energy saving concept, and it makes full use of solar energy, geothermal energy and other renewable energy to reduce the consumption of primary energy used in heating to 15 kw/h·m2·y, however, the energy consumption in low-energy house, which has equipped with various kinds of energy saving technologies, is about 30-75 kw/h·m2·y, thus, passive house has a better performance in energy saving than low-energy house. Energy saving technologies suitable for passive house and low-energy house in hot summer and cold winter area are proposed in this paper through introducing the contribution Germany has made and development of technology in passive housing, using its advanced technologies and practical experience ins passive house as reference and taking Chinese unique climate condition, building types and residents living habits into account.
The Thermal Insulation Design for Refuge Chamber
Authors: Wang Can Cai , Chang De Gong
Published: September 2013

For provide outstanding thermal insulation capacity for the refuge chambers, this paper firstly put forward a 5 layer heat insulation structure for refuge chambers. Mineral wool and acrogel were used as the heat insulation materials because of their excellent heat insulation and fire resistance capability. Then the paper determined the thickness of each layer by theoretic analyze using heat transfer theory, and found two 10 mm layers of acrogel and a 62mm layer mineral wool were ideal thickness. Then the paper designed the cooling system, according the heat analysis. And found the ice cake was best fit for refuge chambers, but it must equip with air flue to keep the enclosed air flowing. At last, 8 people were employed in the closed chamber for 106 hours, and raised outside temperature to 55°C for 5 hours. The chambers inside temperature was most controlled under 35°C. Then the paper increased the thickness of acrogel layer according to the experiment results at last. Theory analysis and experiment show that the designed heat insulation structure and cooling system had an excellent thermal protection capability.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation for Double Effect Absorption Refrigeration Using [mmim]DMP/CH3OH as Working Pairs
Authors: Chen Wei , Liang Shi Qiang , Guo Yong Xian , Tang Da Wei
Published: September 2013

The dynamic modeling and simulation based on components for parallel type and series type absorption refrigeration using novel working pairs [mmim]DMP/CH3OH were conducted. The modified UNIFAC model and Wilson model were used to describe the vapor liquid equilibrium and excess enthalpy of the [mmim]DMP/CH3OH solution, respectively. Under certain assumptions, the dynamic model was developed including the HPG (high pressure generator) model, the LPG (low pressure generator)-condenser model, the absorber-evaporator model and the SHX (solution heat exchanger) model. The effect of exhaust gas inlet temperature and chilled water inlet temperature on the thermodynamic performances were presented and discussed. The best COP of 1.27 and 1.17 for parallel type and series type system, respectively, were observed. The transient responses at step changes of two variables and on experimental conditions were carried out and analyzed, and the latter had been compared with the experimental data in literature. It is indicated that the model well describes the stable and transient characteristics of the double effect absorption refrigeration using [mmim]DMP/CH3OH, and can be employed to enable the further parameter optimization and control design.
Online State-of-Charge Estimation of Li-Ion Battery Based on the Second-Order RC Model
Authors: Cheng Ze , Zhang Qiu Yan , Zhang Yu Hui
Published: September 2013

The real-timely estimation of the SOC (state of charge) is the key technology in Li-ion battery management system. In this paper, to overcome the error of the SOC estimation of Extended Kalman filter (EKF), a new estimation method based on modified-strong tracking filter (MSTF) is applied to SOC estimation of Li-ion battery, based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit model. Experiments are made to compare the new filter with the EKF and Coulomb counting approach (Ah). The simulation results demonstrate that the new filter algorithm MSTF used in this paper has higher filtering accuracy under the same conditions.
Study on Effect of Electric Vehicle Industry to Energy and Environment
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Ru Tong
Published: September 2013

With the deterioration of the environment and energy crisis is becoming more and more serious, the development of low carbon industry has risen to national strategies. In the energy utilization and environmental effect, electric vehicle to the fuel vehicle has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction prominent; the whole life cycle analysis, the electric vehicle complete life cycle into electric energy transmission cycle and vehicle life cycle of two parts; electric vehicle power battery as storage unit, strengthen the relationship between electric vehicle, new energy and smart grid among the three, promotes the development and application of clean energy, speed up the construction of smart grid, realize the real energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Thermal Character and Generating Capacity Analysis of Solar Linear Fresnel Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Yang Yong Ping , Hu Yong Sheng , Yan Qin , Yang Gang
Published: September 2013

Solar Linear Fresnel thermal power plant is typical linear focus solar thermal system. It has the advantage of simple structure, lower investment cost and so on. At present, Solar Linear Fresnel is developing and popularizing all over the word. Some of them are already in commercial operation. According to the typical climate data, the thermal character and generating capacity of Linear Fresnel systems are analyzed, including thermal receiving efficiency, power generating efficiency and thermal losses regularity. The research results can be used to support Solar Linear Fresnel system operation and design optimization.
Design of Decanter System Floating Tank Lifting Type
Authors: Shen Xiao Song , Zhang Jie , Zeng You Wei
Published: September 2013

A new unpowered decanter system was designed to lift the decanting sink only by the dynamic provided by liquid level difference. The system arranged the float tank pools symmetrically in both ends of the decanting sink. The system was run by the difference of liquid level between float tank pool and reaction pool. When the level difference got small, the float tank would rise and hence lift up the decanting sink in the reaction pool to up above the liquid level; when the level difference got large, the float tank no longer received the buoyance so the decanting sink would float in the reaction pool and decant. The testing results of the experiment device showed that by means of difference of liquid level to lift the decanting sink was feasible. The new system is simple in structure, so that the construction and maintenance cost is not high. It also does not consume electricity. It provides a new decanter model.
Experimental Study of Cu&Fe Molecular Sieve Catalyst for Urea-SCR After-Treatment System
Authors: Chu Xiang Feng , Chen Ling Shan , Zhou Jian Wei , Xu Lu
Published: September 2013

Experimental study on the catalytic activity of Cu&Fe molecular sieve catalyst with different NSR on NOx conversion efficiency, and explore the influence of temperature and airspeed to ammonia storage characteristics, analysis the relationship between the ammonia storage amount and the NOx conversion efficiency. The experimental result shows that: The catalytic activity can be more than 90% when the catalyst at 300°C-400°C, and an appropriate increase in NSR can improve the NOx conversion efficiency. The influence of temperature on the characteristics of the reservoir ammonia greater than the airspeed, At 200°C-250°C, the NOx conversion efficiency and the amount of ammonia storage linear relationship. Use dynamic variable gain feedback control SCR system urea injection system, which effectively control the ammonia leak to make it satisfy China-V emission regulations.
Study on Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Noise by Orthogonal Test
Authors: Xiao Jian Kun , Chen Dai Fen , Xia Zhao Wang
Published: September 2013

On type 380 diesel engine, orthogonal experimental studying on exhaust noise was carried out. This is to study the influence factors and degree on exhaust noise of internal combustion engine, and determine the main and secondary influence factors on diesel exhaust noise and their interaction. A noise prediction equations was established by studying the test samples based on genetic algorithm neural network. The results is very precise by test.
Numerical Study of Wakes on Downstream Effects in Static Cascade Flow Field to Simulation of Rotor Wake
Authors: Zhao Chang Yu , Bo Meng Xiao , Zhu Jian Yong , Li Guang Li
Published: September 2013

The effects of moving wakes on the compressor cascade flow are discussed in this article, which can be regarded as the flow simulation between stages of compressor cascade. The moving wakes are simulated by moving cylinder before a compressor cascade flow. Different flow situations by changing the angle of wakes direction are presented by numerical simulation. The performance of cascade influenced by cylinder wakes can be related to several parameters, such as the distance between cascades in the shaft direction, the angle of wake direction. Loss of the cascade changes along with those parameters whose optimal direction is demonstrated.
Harvesting Analysis of a Predator-Prey System with Functional Response
Authors: Wu Ting
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a predator-prey system with functional response is studied,and a set of sufficient conditions are obtained for the stability of equilibrium point of the system. Moreover, optimal harvesting policy is obtained by using the maximal principle,and numerical simulation is applied to illustrate the correctness.
Research and Application of the Auto-Control Cooling System for the Diesel Engine
Authors: Pang Hong Lei , Zhu Cai Yun , Ni Zhi Bin , Wei Yao Hua
Published: September 2013

In order to solve the problem that the traditional cooling system cannot adjust the cooling water temperature to the different operation conditions of diesel engine, the auto-control cooling system is designed. Using it, the coolant temperature can be adjusted automatically by the single-chip which controls the transducer-controlled pump and the electronic dividing valve which replaces the thermostat. We use the thermal equilibrium bench to verify the figures, and the result is show that using the exhaust of generator heats the cooling water can shorten 13 minutes in starting process and the cooling water temperature adjusted automatically to the changing operation conditions of iesel can decrease the fuel consumption remarkably, the highest fuel saving rate reached 5.4%, the averagely fuel saving rate reached 3.6%.
Characterization and Determination of Acetyl-Coenzyme a Carboxylase (ACCase) from Eukaryotic Alga Chlorella Sp. USTB-01
Authors: Wang Hai Ou , Jing Yang , Tang Zhe
Published: September 2013

In the present study, the Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 purified and characterized. Molecular weight of ACCase was calculated to be about 456 kD and was comprised of two identical subunits of 229 kD. The enzymatic characteristics isoelectric point was 6.7. Moreover, a rapid and sensitive assay of High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established to measure overall activity of ACCase in low protein content condition by detect the ACCase activity by measuring ADP production and Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA).
Wind Farm Grid Integration Simulation Analysis of the Impact of Power System Transient Stability
Authors: Su Shi Wei , Zhou You Wei , Xiong Wei
Published: September 2013

Analysis compares the direct access to a single set of wind power systemTwo groups of wind farm access system directlyMultiple sets of wind farm access system directly And Multiple sets of wind dispersion access system's impact on power system transient stability. And compare the simulation results, Concluded that wind farm access capacity and its topology structure's influence on system transient stability.
Analyzing the Wind Power Industry Competitiveness Based on SDM-TGSMN Method in Hebei Province
Authors: Liu Zhi Bin
Published: September 2013

As a kind of new green renewable energy, wind power is being paid more attention to by the countries in the world. Wind energy resource is rich in Hebei Province, and wind energy has great potential, so it is important for energy sustainable development, harmonious development of social economy and ecological environment to develop and utilize wind power in Hebei Province. In order to analyze the wind power industry competitiveness in Hebei Province scientifically and accurately, this paper introduced the tree-structured growing self-organizing map network (TGSMN) into the spatial data mining (SDM) to be used in spatial clustering. This method not only can make up the limitation of the more data limit and biggish computation in the common spatial data mining, but overcome the restriction of traditional maps that must appoint in advance. The wind power industry competitiveness evaluation in Hebei Province showed that the results given by this method are reliable.
The Harmonic Suppression of Microgrid Based on Parallel Operation of Active Power Filters
Authors: Fan Rui Xiang , Xiao Hong Xia
Published: September 2013

Aim to solve the harmonic problems in microgrid, parallel operation of APFs (active power filter) is studied. With the comparison and study of many strategies about current sharing and parallel operation, a new parallel method and control strategy of APF is proposed in microgrid. And the implementation method of parallel operation and current sharing is studied. Finally, both the simulation and experimental results demonstrates that the method is correct and effective, and the good dynamic performance and compensation effect have been proved.
The Mitigation of SSO in Doubly-Fed Wind Farms with TCSC
Authors: Li Ran , Lu Yun , Zhou Yang , Li Yun Xiao
Published: September 2013

When transmitting power to the grid through fixed series compensated lines, the sub-synchronous oscillations (SSO) may occur in doubly-fed wind farms. This paper analyzes the mechanism of SSO in doubly-fed wind farms, establishes the TCSC model and analyzes its equivalent positive resistance and reactance at sub-synchronous frequency so that TCSC can be used to mitigate SSO. A simulation model of the doubly-fed wind farms connected to the network by the fixed series compensated and TCSC is established in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the appropriate parameters of TCSC is set. The simulation results verified the mitigation of SSO in doubly-fed wind farms with TCSC.
Analysis of Rely Protection Response with Large-Scale Wind Power Integration
Authors: Xu Zhen Yu , Su Jing Qi , He Qian , Qiao Zhen , Zhang Xu
Published: September 2013

The paper builds up a wind farm simulation model by DIgSILENT software, and analyses the short-circuit current (SCC) characteristics of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) and wind farm. Simulation analysis shows that DFIGs have different SCC characteristics compared with synchronous generators. The wind farm only provides little fault current when symmetrical fault occurs in the grid; while under asymmetrically grounding fault, the SCC in wind farm side mainly includes zero-sequence current, which shows that the wind farm has weak power characteristic. After integrating the wind farm into the power grid, sensitivity of current-based protection, transformer differential protection as well as phase selection element will be influenced at some extent. Some countermeasures to reduce the impacts of wind power integration on protection are proposed based on the analysis of the impacts of wind farm on protection.
An Improved P&O MPPT Method for Photovoltaic Power System
Authors: Zan Bao Liang , Song Yong Duan , Wang Lei , Wang Yan Hui , Du Xiao Qiang , Zeng Yu
Published: September 2013

To improve the utilization efficiency of the solar energy with certain conversion efficiency, the principle of MPPT control with Boost converter is explained according to photovoltaic array output characteristics. The disadvantage of the conventional perturbation and observation (P&O) is analyzed. A novel MPPT system based on a digital signal processor (DSP) with Boost converter and an improved P&O algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed MPPT system model is developed under Matlab/Simulink. At last, theory analysis indicates its feasibility while the simulation results verify its validity.
The New Energy-Saving Control Technique with Temperature Prediction in Airport Winter Construction
Authors: Hong Shang Yuan , Liu Yan
Published: September 2013

How to reduce the energy consumption on airport jobsite is the focus of this paper. We introduce this control technique and its specialist-aided system which can predict material temperature and save energy. After pouring concrete material, the technique can test and predict temperature change trend and concrete changing maturity level, based on key parameter information provided by contractors. Optimal curing method, thermal insulation and construction technology are developed giving the results of the preceding data. Contractors can find optimal solutions to save energy and resourced in airport winter construction using the technique, thus avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of the Heat Pipe Using SiO2-Water Nanofluid
Authors: Gong Yu Ying , Zhao Wei Lin , Liu Zong Ming , Niu Yan Fang
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the effect on the thermal efficiency enhancement of a heat pipe using SiO2-water nanoﬂuid on different operating states was investigated. SiO2-water nanofluids with mass concentrations of 0.1% ~ 2.0% have been prepared with theaverage size of 10nm, 30nm, 50nm, 70nm, respectively. Heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipe including wall temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient and thermal resistance have been investigated, which showed excellent properties.
Power Characteristics of Photovoltaic Modules of Solar-Powered Airplanes Including Thermal Effects
Authors: Chang Min , Zhou Zhou , Wang Rui
Published: September 2013

A power characteristic model of photovoltaic (PV) modules on the wing of solar-powered airplanes operated from sea level to the stratosphere is established. Because the efficiency of PV modules is a function of surface temperature, the proposed model includes thermodynamic effects. Firstly, the real-time power characteristics are analyzed at the altitudes of 10 km and 30 km and during the summer and winter solstice. Then, further investigations are conducted to research the daily averaged power per unit area from 0 km to 35 km throughout a whole year. The results show that the low atmosphere temperature is favorable condition for PV modules to obtain high absorption efficiency, and total solar radiation increases with the altitude increasing. However, the thinness of atmosphere density at high altitudes leads the deduction of Reynolds number, resulting in less heat carried away and the efficiency deterioration of PV modules. The maximum power collected occurs around 11 km. The research work shows that it is necessary to take into consideration the thermal effects on the efficiency of PV modules at high altitudes.
Energy Efficiency Testing of Ground Source Heat Pump System and Discussion of Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Yu Yi , Li Yu Yun , Ma Yong , Hu Xian Fang
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the scientificity and accuracy of ground source heat pump energy efficiency testing, the paper discusses the principles and methods of energy efficiency testing, the requirements of the testing instruments' selection and installation and the arrangement of measuring points.The paper shows how to diagnosis instruments and process system failure according to the concrete situation on site,and points out the methods of systematic troubleshooting and fault elimination.
Experimental Research on a Heat Pump Water Heater Using Low Pressure Steam as Heat Source
Authors: Fan Jun , Sun Feng Zhong , Gao Ming
Published: September 2013

Heat recovery of low pressure steam in steam condenser of thermal power plant was attractive because of its great economy and environmental value. This paper reported the experimental investigation results on the application of a heat pump water heater (HPWH) using low pressure steam in steam condenser as heat source. The working principles and features of the prototype heat pump were introduced. The effects of various parameters, including water flow rate and inlet temperature of heat pump condenser were investigated. Influence of vacuum pump on HPWH was also discussed. Results show that performance of HPWH is governed strongly by the change of water flow rate and inlet water temperature of heat pump condenser and vacuum pump. Maximum outlet water temperature of the test HPWH is 65°C and the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) is 4.5.
Membership Functions for the Formation of the Electrical Equipment State Estimation for Power Stations and Substations
Authors: Khalyasmaa Alexandra I. , Dmitriev Stepan A. , Eroshenko Stanislav A.
Published: September 2013

This article is devoted to the formation of the electrical equipment state estimation for power stations and substations. The article also addresses to the use of fuzzy logic for the knowledge base formation on the basis of expert judgements using membership functions. The article presents the example of calculation of the electrical equipment state estimation.
A Simple Method to Estimate the Influence of the Sending-End HVDC System on the Stability of the AC System
Authors: Teng Yu Fei , Ding Li Jie , Tang Fan , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a supplementary index, Equal Area Stability Margin (EASM), is proposed to evaluate the system strength for ac-dc interconnected system at sending end. This index can reflect the dynamic characteristic of the interconnected system. Therefore, EASM can be an effective supplement to SCR to evaluate the system strength for ac-dc interconnected system at sending end. Moreover, the solution method of EASM is also analyzed in this paper. Case study indicates the validity of this index.