bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Nrf2 Signaling in Lead-induced Toxicity
Authors: Arabnezhad Mohammad-Reza , Haghani Fatemeh , Ghaffarian-Bahraman Ali , Jafarzadeh Emad , Mohammadi Hamidreza , Yadegari Javad Ghasemian , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Aschner Michael , Darroudi Majid , Marouzi Somayeh , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: May 2023

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is used as one of the main protective factors against various pathological processes, as it regulates cells resistant to oxidation. Several studies have extensively explored the relationship between environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb), and the development of various human diseases. These metals have been reported to be able to, directly and indirectly, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress in various organs. Since Nrf2 signaling is important in maintaining redox status, it has a dual role depending on the specific biological context. On the one hand, Nrf2 provides a protective mechanism against metal-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it can induce metalinduced carcinogenesis upon prolonged exposure and activation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the latest knowledge on the functional interrelation between toxic metals, such as Pb and Nrf2 signaling.
Association between H-type Hypertension and White Matter Hyperintensity
in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Cao Zhiyong , Jiang Jiahu , Zhou Yong , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: May 2023

Objective:

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is related to the increased risk of ischemic
stroke. It is unclear if H-type hypertension (H-type HBP) is associated with periventricular
WMH (PWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH) of acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated the
correlation between H-type HBP and the severity of PWMH and DWMH in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in this cross-sectional
observational study. The patients were divided into the following groups: the normal group, the
simple hypertension group (Simple HBP), the simple hyperhomocysteinemia group (Simple
HHcy) and the H-type HBP group. MR imaging and relevant clinical variables were obtained from
the medical records. PWMH and DWMH were rated by using the Fazekas scale (score 0-3). All
patients were defined to have moderate-severe PWMH or DWMH (score 2-3) and no or mild
group (score 0-1). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the
relationship between H-type HBP and the severity of PWMH and DWMH.

Results:

Among 542 patients, 227 had moderate-severe PWMH and 228 had moderate-severe
DWMH. Compared to the no or mild group, patients with moderate-severe PWMH (median age:
73 vs. 63 years) and DWMH (median age: 70 vs. 65.5 years) were older. Compared to the no or
mild group, moderate-severe PWMH and DWMH were associated with a history of ischemic
stroke (moderate-severe PWMH vs. no or mild group 20.7% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.004；moderatesevere
DWMH vs. no or mild group 20.2% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.010); We found that H-type HBP was
an independent risk factor for PWMH (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.34-5.21) and DWMH (OR 3.64, 95%
CI 1.82-7.26) after adjusting for the effect of relevant risk factors.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that H-type HBP is associated with the severity of PWMH and
DWMH in acute ischemic stroke patients, which deserves further prevention measures.
A Combination of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor and Cytochrome P450
(CYP) Enzyme Inhibitor to Explore the Future Prospective of Antiviral
Agents: Evotaz
Authors: Sharma Abha , Sharma Poonam , Kapila Isha , Abbot Vikrant
Published: May 2023

Viruses belong to the class of micro-organisms that are well known for causing infections
in the human body. Antiviral medications are given out to prevent the spread of disease-causing viruses.
When the viruses are actively reproducing, these agents have their greatest impact. It is particularly
challenging to develop virus-specific medications since viruses share the majority of the metabolic
functions of the host cell. In the continuous search for better antiviral agents, the United States
Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved a new drug named Evotaz on January 29, 2015 for
the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Evotaz is a combined once-daily fixed drug,
containing Atazanavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, and cobicistat, an inhibitor of the human liver cytochrome
P450 (CYP) enzyme. The medication is created such that it can kill viruses by concurrently
inhibiting protease and CYP enzymes. The medicine is still being studied for a number of criteria, but
its usefulness in children under the age of 12 is currently unknown. The preclinical and clinical characteristics
of Evotaz, as well as its safety and efficacy profiles and a comparison of the novel drug
with antiviral medications presently available in the market, are the main topics of this review paper.
Proses Desain, Rancang Bangun, dan Pengujian Greenhouse Lipat Modular Untuk Daerah Tropis
Authors:   Universitas Jember, Suud Hasbi Mubarak , Wulanjari Disitiana ,   Universitas Jember, Khozin Mohammad Nur ,   Universitas Jember
Published: May 2023

Greenhouse berfungsi untuk menciptakan lingkungan mikro yang baik bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Lebih jauh lagi, fungsi greenhouse pada daerah tropis adalah melindungi tanaman dari intensitas radiasi matahari berlebih, mengurangi penguapan air dari daun dan media tanam, dan mengurangi resiko serangan hama penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan desain greenhouse yang lebih fleksibel namun memiliki fungsi sebagai rumah tanaman yang handal serta mempunyai stabilitas struktur yang baik. Desain greenhouse yang dikembangkan pada penelitian ini merupakan greenhouse dengan sistem modular sehingga dapat mudah dipindahkan dan mudah dirakit kembali. Greenhouse lipat modular ini dikembangkan dalam modul modul terpisah sehingga mudah dipindahkan dan ringan. Greenhouse ini dikembangkan terutama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna yang menginginkan greenhouse yang kompak, mudah dimobilisasi, dan mudah dirakit. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada prototipe yang telah dibuat, diketahui bahwa tingkat fleksibilitas greenhouse cukup baik dan dapat dirakit kurang dari 1 jam. Namun dari uji fungsional diketahui bahwa greenhouse lipat modular ini belum cukup baik untuk menyediakan suhu dan kelembapan yang optimal bagi tanaman sehingga dibutuhkan perbaikan pemilihan material dinding sidewall bawah agar sirkulasi udara secara alami dapat optimal.
A GOVERNAMENTALIDADE ALGORÍTMICA DA VIDA E SUA CONSEQUENTE PRECARIZAÇÃO JURÍDICO-POLÍTICA DO TRABALHO
Authors: Dias Felipe da Veiga , Salvetti Ésio Francisco
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo propõe-se pesquisar um fenômeno novo e pouco estudado no meio jurídico, cunhado de “governamentalidade algorítmica da vida”. A compreensão desse fenômeno leva à seguinte problemática: quais as implicações político-jurídicas da governamentalidade algorítmica e como elas contribuem para o aperfeiçoamento de formas já existentes de trabalho precário? Com o intuito de cercar-se de dados e argumentos científicos para responder a essa problemática, a presente pesquisa, por meio do método hipotético dedutivo e da utilização da técnica da pesquisa bibliográfica, divide-se em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo conceitua governamentalidade algorítmica e suas implicações sociais e políticas. O segundo capítulo objetiva determinar a correlação entre a governamentalidade algorítmica da vida e o mundo do trabalho. Conclui-se que a atual governamentalidade algorítmica atua em inúmeras articulações de força diferentes, a fim de rearticular as dinâmicas político-jurídicas em prol dos objetivos da produtividade capitalista, enquanto aprimora formas opacas e silenciosas de controle da vida e, por conseguinte, da gestão do trabalhador precarizado.
COMO AS INSTITUIÇÕES IMPORTAM PARA A PROTEÇÃO PENAL DAS ELITES POLÍTICAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Carvalho Ernani , Paz Anderson , Amaral Marcelle
Published: May 2023

A impunidade é geralmente percebida na Ciência Política como uma incapacidade ou mesmo oportuna falta de vontade dos membros do Estado em aplicar a lei. Pouco se observa, no entanto, a trajetória e o papel das instituições neste contexto. A escolha por leis mais brandas, por tratamento processual diferenciado a determinados agentes e um sistema recursal de decisões judiciais flexível, por exemplo, podem fomentar a impunidade de grupos sociais seletos. Desse modo, a trajetória de construção das regras do jogo importa. Este trabalho se propõe a duas análises: 1) historiar e discutir: i) a sistemática de execução de pena na história do direito brasileiro e ii) a adoção do foro por prerrogativa de função pelo sistema jurídico brasileiro; e 2) observar empiricamente a dinâmica de julgamento do Foro Privilegiado em dois Tribunais Superiores (Supremo Tribunal Federal e Superior Tribunal de Justiça) no período posterior à promulgação da Carta Magna de 1988. O intuito é lançar luz sobre como o desenho institucional brasileiro é capaz de relativizar instrumentos punitivos para as elites nacionais. Nossa conclusão aponta que esses institutos dificultam sobremaneira a possibilidade de punição de membros da elite política no Brasil, favorecendo a impunidade e provocando mutações na lógica do sistema punitivo estatal com repercussões no sistema político.
NEOINSTITUCIONALISMO NO DIREITO
Authors: Klafke Guilherme Forma
Published: May 2023

O artigo pretende explorar as contribuições dos vários neoinstitucionalismos para a pesquisa jurídica a partir da distinção entre pontos de vista interno e externo ao Direito. Essa distinção, popularizada no trabalho de H.L.A. Hart e pelo debate subsequente, permite entender como a consideração das instituições pode desempenhar papéis diferentes para quem se engaja na prática jurídica para tomar uma decisão (ponto de vista interno) ou para estudá-la cientificamente (ponto de vista externo). A primeira parte do texto apresenta essa construção teórica e a relaciona com tipos de investigação jurídica (zetética, dogmática e prática). Em seguida, são apresentadas algumas contribuições que abordagens neoinstitucionalistas trazem para ambas as perspectivas – tanto de quem estuda o fenômeno jurídico (“sobre o Direito”), como de quem interpreta e se guia pelo Direito (“no Direito”). Ao final, por meio de um exemplo da relação entre Direito e Ciência Política, argumenta-se que é possível relacionar os pontos de vista, de maneira a qualificar a atuação dos profissionais com os aportes dos neoinstitucionalismos, enquanto se qualifica os estudos sobre instituições jurídicas pela consideração das interpretações dos praticantes.
Reflections and Recommendations to be Representative of the Community in a Community-Based Sports Program
Authors: Escandell Sthephany , Reckner Kallie , Fogaca Jana
Published: May 2023

Conducting research with minoritized groups presents various challenges, such as a lack of trust and skepticism regarding benefits to their community (Yancey et al., 2005). Previous studies have provided evidence-based suggestions on overcoming barriers in collecting data on minority populations (Escobar-Chaves et al., 2002). This reflexive case study examines the effectiveness of using such scholarly recommendations for recruiting minority participants in the design and implementation of a life-skills through sports intervention program. Despite our efforts to reach a representative sample by applying specific recommendations, the obtained sample had a higher proportion of White participants (70% vs. 44.5%) and higher income levels (83.3% paid full lunch vs. 40.6%) than the overall prevalence found within the target community. Reflecting on the authors’ position within the study and exploring the methodological implications of existing strategies to enhance minority participation in research, this paper seeks to explicate the difficulties and challenges that can arise when turning theoretical recommendations into practice.
Using Social Vulnerability Indices to Predict Priority Areas for Prevention of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death in Cook County, IL: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Riggins Daniel Patrick , Zhang Huiyuan , Trick William E
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Incidence of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) in the United States has persisted at roughly the same level since the mid-2000’s despite intensive prevention efforts. Disparities in outcomes across racial/socioeconomic lines also persist. These disparities are reflected in the spatial distribution of cases.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to characterize communities where SUID occurred in Cook County, IL from 2015-2019 and predict where it would occur in 2021-2025.

METHODS

This cross-sectional retrospective study used geocoded medical examiner data from 2015-2019 to identify SUID cases in Cook County, IL and aggregated them to census tracts, then to “communities” as the unit of analysis. We compared demographic factors in communities affected by SUID versus those unaffected. We used social vulnerability indicators from 2014 to train a prediction model for SUID Case Counts in each given community from 2015-2019. We applied indicators from 2020 to the trained model to make predictions for 2021-2025.

RESULTS

The analysis was based on 325 cases of SUID in 199 communities. Communities affected by SUID exhibited higher proportions of Black residents at 32% (IQR 6-79) vs. 3% (IQR 2-10) and lower proportions of White residents at 17% (IQR 4-49) vs. 60% (IQR 31-76). A map of communities in Cook County affected by SUID (2015-2019) showed clusters in the South and West regions of the county. Our predictive model showed moderate accuracy when assessed on the training data (Nagelkerke’s R2 of 70.2%). It predicted Austin (17), Englewood (14), Auburn Gresham (12), Chicago Lawn (12), and South Shore (11) to have the largest case counts for 2021-2025.

CONCLUSIONS

Sharp racial and socioeconomic disparities in SUID incidence persisted within Cook County from 2015-2019. Our model and maps identified precise regions within the county for local health departments to target for intervention.
Connectivity and bandwidth as new social determinants of health (Preprint)
Authors: Garcia-Saiso Sebastian , Marti Myrna , Rubinstein Adolfo , Lopez Analia , Cejas Cintia Aldana , Lopez Osornio Alejandro , Nelson Jennifer , Baum Analia , Richards Leah-Mari , Farias Maria Alejandra , Rocha Thiago , Curioso Walter , Brooks Ian , Otero Carlos , Rizzato Lede Daniel , D'Agostino Marcelo
Published: May 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

During COVID-19 pandemic the world has faced a crisis exacerbating existing and emerging challenges in terms of equity and public health, above all on vulnerable population groups. One of the challenges is inequality in terms of internet access and connectivity, because it implies timely access to health care, and also teleworking, ordering food online, virtually attending classes or socializing. Thus, affordable internet connection should be considered as new "Digital Determinants of Health" and a basic service, as important as any other infrastructure, such as water and sewer systems. Following this principle, governments should take action, including universal connectivity in national plans and strategies for access and universal health coverage. Such action, plus programs that pay attention to digital literacy, gender gaps in the ownership of mobile phones and options for appropriate technologies among people with disabilities can contribute to reducing the digital divide and the health services acces inequities.
Enhancing Stock Market Analysis & Prediction System with LSTM Model
Authors: Sankrityayan Nilesh , Patil Manish , Patil Deepak , Bhadane Prof. Bhavana
Published: May 2023

Abstract: In this report we analyze existing and new methods of stock market prediction. We take three different approaches at the problem: Fundamental analysis, Technical Analysis, and the application of Machine Learning. We find evidence in support of the weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, that the historic price does not contain useful information but out of sample data may be predictive. We show that Fundamental Analysis and Machine Learning could be used to guide an investor’s decisions. We demonstrate a common flaw in Technical Analysis methodology and show that it produces limited useful information.
AI-Based Sign Language Recognition System for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals
Authors: Gade Prof. Swati
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Sign language is a vital form of communication for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community. The development of sign language recognition systems plays a crucial role in bridging the communication gap between hearing and non-hearing populations. This paper presents a Sign Language Recognition System (SLRS) built using the MediaPipe Hands model and web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The system utilizes real-time hand tracking and gesture recognition to interpret sign language gestures and provides corresponding textual output. The proposed system demonstrates the potential for accessible and inclusive communication through the integration of machine learning and web-based technologies.
Personal AI Trainer
Authors: Karishma Nunna , Yammani Nikhil Raj , B Sri Harsha , Reddei Prithwee , Nayak Venkataravana
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Incorporating regular exercise into these daily routines has grown more difficult in today's fast-paced environment. To maintain perfect form and avoid injuries, training must include individualized coaching and feedback. However, it can be challenging for people to attend regular gym sessions or hire personal trainers due to the limitations of time, money, and accessibility. The ongoing global epidemic has also made it harder for people to access physical exercise centres and in-person instruction. This provides an original solution called the AI Fitness Tracker to address these issues. This paper uses artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a virtual workout assistant that can track exercise form and technique and provide real-time feedback. This goal is to create a smart system that will allow customers to exercise safely and effectively from the convenience of their homes.
Smart Luggage Tracking System
Authors: Kabra Ashutosh
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Utilizing embedded systems like Raspberry Pi and camera modules, there has been an increase in interest in developing smart luggage tracking systems in recent years. Travelers will be able to track and monitor their bags in real-time with the help of these gadgets, allowing for a safer and more convenient vacation. This research paper describes the design and development of a smart luggage monitoring system that makes use of a Raspberry Pi and a tracking camera module. The essay also examines the challenges and limitations of implementing such a system and suggests workable solutions. According to the study's results, the proposed system can successfully track luggage, reducing the likelihood of loss or theft while also improving travellers’ overall travel experiences.
Circuits of space and time quantum channels
Authors: Kos Pavel , Styliaris Georgios
Published: May 2023

Exact solutions in interacting many-body systems are scarce but extremely valuable since they provide insights into the dynamics. Dual-unitary models are examples in one spatial dimension where this is possible. These brick-wall quantum circuits consist of local gates, which remain unitary not only in time, but also when interpreted as evolutions along the spatial directions. However, this setting of unitary dynamics does not directly apply to real-world systems due to their imperfect isolation, and it is thus imperative to consider the impact of noise to dual-unitary dynamics and its exact solvability.
In this work we generalise the ideas of dual-unitarity to obtain exact solutions in noisy quantum circuits, where each unitary gate is substituted by a local quantum channel. Exact solutions are obtained by demanding that the noisy gates yield a valid quantum channel not only in time, but also when interpreted as evolutions along one or both of the spatial directions and possibly backwards in time. This gives rise to new families of models that satisfy different combinations of unitality constraints along the space and time directions. We provide exact solutions for the spatio-temporal correlation functions, spatial correlations after a quantum quench, and the structure of steady states for these families of models. We show that noise unbiased around the dual-unitary family leads to exactly solvable models, even if dual-unitarity is strongly violated. We prove that any channel unital in both space and time directions can be written as an affine combination of a particular class of dual-unitary gates. Finally, we extend the definition of solvable initial states to matrix-product density operators. We completely classify them when their tensor admits a local purification.
Reproductive Performance of Hatchery-Originated Black Sea Salmon Broodstocks' (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) F5 and F6 Filial Generations
Authors: Özel Osman Tolga , Çakmak Eyüp , Çankırılıgil Ekrem Cem , Çimagil Recayi , Düzgüneş Zehra Duygu
Published: May 2023

In this study, reproductive performances of F5 and F6 generation hatchery-originated female Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) were evaluated to determine the effects of the ongoing selective breeding program. The study was conducted in freshwater pools and marine cage systems between 2018 and 2021. For the study, 53 specimens from F5 generation females with an average length of 52.71±7.08 cm and weight of 1561.29±639.76 gr, and also 56 broodstıcks specimens from F6 generation females with an average length of 51.92±5.35 cm and weight of 1506.12±417.28 gr were used. Gonad maturity controls and spawning studies were carried out in the 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021 breeding periods along the entire season, lasting from November to January. The number of ovulating females, their fecundity, egg diameters, and fertilization rates of eggs were recorded. In all seasons, 36.17% of F5 females ovulated in November, and the remaining females (63.83%) ovulated in December. Ovulation time in F6 females also showed a similar pattern of 1/3 of females (37.40%) ovulating in November and the remaining majority (62.60%) ovulating in December. According to the results, total egg yields as 4439.31±1675.69 and 4112.08±1041.16 egg/broodstock, relative egg yields as 2313.44±278.48 and 2345.76±516.30 egg/kg, egg diameters as 5.08±0.19 and 5.21±0.17 mm, and fertilization rates as 96.78±3.24% and 96.63±3.73% were determined for F5 and F6 generations, respectively. In both generations, as the size of the broodstock increases, the total egg production increases (F5: r=0.9169, F6: r=0.74254), while the relative egg production (F5: r=-0.2526, F6: r=-0.3486) decreases. When the total egg yields and fertilization rates were compared, the difference between the F5 and F6 groups was insignificant (p≤0.05). The condition factors of the two generations were found to be statistically similar (p≤0.05). As a result, it is understood that the maximum broodstock efficiency of the breed has been achieved in the broodstock management as a result of the selective breeding studies applied for the broodstock management.
O lugar da Netflix no campo do poder: reflexões sobre o impacto da empresa no audiovisual africano a partir da Nigeria
Authors: Esteves Ana Camila
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo, tento problematizar a atuação da Netflix como agente do campo de poder que impacta as dinâmicas de funcionamento do campo de produção dos cinemas africanos, a partir da sua atuação na Nigéria. À luz de Bourdieu (1996), busco contextualizar o lugar da Netflix como uma instância de poder sobre os agentes criativos africanos, incentivando financeiramente seus projetos ao mesmo tempo em que impõem limites em termos temáticos, linguísticos e estéticos, além de manterem o controle sobre os modos de distribuição. Amparada no conceito de colonialidade do poder como discutida por Walter Mignolo (2020), interessa-me pensar a Netflix a partir dos supostos diferenciais que ela traz para essa relação: a participação ativa de agentes criativos do audiovisual africano e a promessa de alcance global, algo que nunca chegou a acontecer para os cinemas da África.
The effect of bonuses for holidays on employee retention in firms
Authors: Do Thi Tuoi , Pham Van Hieu , Vu Hung Phuong
Published: May 2023

Employee retention is a process in which the employees are encouraged to remain with the organization for a lifetime or maximum period of time (Aburub, 2020). This research is conducted to examine the effect of bonuses for the Lunar New Year holiday on employee retention in firms in Vietnam. The authors develop the results of previous studies, in which the firms can reward employees for their retention. This study was conducted in Hanoi City in Vietnam through an online and direct questionnaire of 208 people. Based on the data collected, we run Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test, Barlett’s test, and regression by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results show that employee retention in firms is influenced by the total value of bonuses for the Tet holiday (GT), bonuses for the Tet holiday in kind (HV), and the process and the formula to calculate bonuses for the Tet holiday (QC). Moreover, it recognizes the higher important role of bonuses for the Lunar New Year holiday in the activity of firms. Besides, this paper’s findings are critical for firms in effectively designing human resources policies in confronting labor force fluctuations. Based on the findings, some recommendations are proposed relating to employee benefits for enhancing employee retention in firms.
Exploring the Feasibility of Autonomous Forestry Operations: Results from the First Experimental Unmanned Machine
Authors: Hera Pedro Miranda La , Trejo Omar Mendoza , Lindroos Ola , Lideskog Håkan , Lindbä Torbjörn , Latif Saira , Li Songyu , Karlberg Magnus
Published: May 2023

This article presents a study on the world’s first unmanned machine
designed for autonomous forestry operations. In response to the
challenges associated with traditional forestry operations, we developed
a platform equipped with essential hardware components necessary for
performing autonomous forwarding tasks. Through the use of computer
vision, autonomous navigation, and manipulator control algorithms, the
machine is able to pick up logs from the ground and manoeuvre through a
range of forest terrains without the need for human intervention. Our
initial results demonstrate the potential for safe and efficient
autonomous extraction of logs in the cut-to-length harvesting process.
We achieved a high level of accuracy in our computer vision system, and
our autonomous navigation system proved to be highly efficient. This
research represents a significant milestone in the field of autonomous
outdoor robotics, with far-reaching implications for the future of
forestry operations. By reducing the need for human labour, autonomous
machines have the potential to increase productivity and reduce labour
costs, while also minimizing the environmental impact of timber
harvesting. The success of our study highlights the potential for
further development and optimization of autonomous machines in the
forestry industry.
Digital Backpropagation Based on Binary Logarithmic Step Size Distribution for Fiber Nonlinearity Compensation
Authors: Dede Albert , Akowuah Emmanuel , Haxha Shyqyri
Published: May 2023

Capacity crunch has become critical in recent years as commercial
communication systems approach their theoretical data rate limits. This
work presents a low-complexity digital backpropagation (DBP)
implementation approach based on step size distribution that uses a
binary logarithmic step size method to achieve high data rate optical
transmission. The proposed scheme shows performance improvements (∆Q) of
2.36 dB, 1.19 dB, and 0.71 dB over linear compensation, constant step
size DBP, and logarithmic step size DBP techniques in a 2400 km 112
Gbit/s DP-16QAM system, respectively. At 13 dBm, a high performance (Q)
of 10.9 dB (BER = 2.25×10-4) is achieved, above the 3.80×10-3
hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) limit, using the
proposed scheme. Also, the allowable transmission distance is extended
by 960 km at the HD-FEC limit over the linear compensation technique.
The optimization achieves a 38% savings in the number of DBP
calculation steps compared to the constant step size DBP, which
considerably reduces the computational cost since a few steps are
required for effective nonlinearity compensation.
Urticaria: Current Opinions about Etiology, Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Zuberbier Torsten , Maurer Marcus
Published: May 2023

In the last few decades an increasing understanding of the pathomechanisms involved in urticaria has highlighted the heterogeneity of different subtypes. According to the new European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/Global Allergy and Asthma European Network/European Dermatology Forum (EAACI/GALEN/ EDF) guidelines, urticaria subtypes can be grouped into spontaneous urticaria, which includes acute urticaria and chronic urticaria, the physical urticarias, and other urticaria disorders, including, for example, contact urticaria. Clarity of nomenclature is required not only to choose the correct measures in diagnosis and management, but also to compare data from different studies. Urticaria has a profound impact on quality of life and performance. Effective treatment is thus required in all cases where avoidance of eliciting factors is not feasible. For symptomatic relief, non-sedating H1-antihistamines are the first choice in most subtypes of urticaria; however, double-blind controlled studies have shown that the dosages required may exceed those recommended for other diseases, e.g. allergic rhinitis. The current guidelines therefore suggest increasing the dosage up to four-fold, whereas alternative treatments should be reserved as add-on therapy for unresponsive patients.
Feasibility and validity of ambulant biofeedback devices to improve weight-bearing compliance in trauma patients with lower extremity fractures: A narrative review
Authors: M. Jagtenberg Eline , H. S. Kalmet Pishtiwan , A. P. de Krom Maartje , J. Blokhuis Taco , A.M. Seelen Henk , Poeze Martijn
Published: May 2023

Background: Ambulant biofeedback devices can be used to provide real-time feedback for trauma patients on weight-bearing regimes. The devices also enable prescribing clinicians to monitor and train patients? level of weight-bearing. However, there is limited evidence regarding the feasibility of use of such devices in controlling weight-bearing, and their full potential remains to be elucidated.
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using ambulant biofeedback training devices to improve compliance with weight-bearing regimes in trauma patients with lower extremity fractures.
Methods: A literature review of the feasibility and clinical validity of ambulant biofeedback devices.
Results: Three clinically validated biofeedback devices were found feasible for use in monitoring the compliance of patients who have lower extremity fractures with different weight-bearing regimes.
Conclusion: Further information about the feasibility and clinical validity of biofeedback training devices is nee-ded in order to optimize weight-bearing instructions for patients.
The effect of the Swedish Back School in chronic idiopathic low back pain. A prospective controlled study
Authors: Lankhorst GJ , Van de Stadt RJ , Vogelaar TW , Van der Korst JK , Prevo AJ
Published: May 2023

A prospective controlled study of the effect of the Swedish Back School in chronic idiopathic Low Back Pain was conducted. Forty-eight patients entered the study. There were no significant pre-treatment differences between the experimental group members who attended the four lessons of the Back School, and the control group who received four detuned shortwave applications to the low back. Forty-three patients (21 in the experimental and 22 in the control group) completed the study. Subjects were repeatedly tested for one year. The following assessments were made: 1) subjective scores of pain and functional capacity, and 2) objective measurements of spinal mobility. After one year, no statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed. Given the proven efficacy of the Back School in (sub)acute Low Back Pain, it should be administered when it is most beneficial, i.e. in the early phase of Low Back Pain.
A prospective study of low back pain in a general population. I. Occurrence, recurrence and aetiology
Authors: Biering-Sørensen F.
Published: May 2023

A general population of 928 men and women aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years underwent a lower back examination as part of a general health survey. A 12 month follow-up questionnaire was completed by 99% of them. At the end of the follow-up year, the life time prevalence rates for low back pain (LBP) were 68-70% for men and rose with increasing age from 62% to 81% among women. The one year incidence of first attacks of LBP was 11% among the 30-year-olds and decreased in the older age-groups. Recurrences of LBP in the follow-up year were more frequent among those who had more recently and frequently experienced LBP before. Among those who had experienced LBP on some occasion, 23-31% had such symptoms daily or at least once a week. Heavy lifting, twisting and trauma were the most commonly stated causes of LBP, which 52-60% of the participants claimed to be work-related. A gradual onset and exacerbation of the LBP were of some prognostic value in the follow-up year, while the alleged cause of previous LBP was not.
Functional studies in 79-year-olds. I. Performance in hygiene activities
Authors: Lundgren-Lindquist B Grimby G
Published: May 2023

In the longitudinal population study "70-year-old people in Göteborg" (H 70) at the second follow-up in 1980-81, 112 women and 93 men were examined concerning their hygiene abilities such as visiting the toilet and taking a bath. These elderly people were interviewed about their locomotor function, needs of technical aids and personal assistance available at home. An examination of their functional ability was performed in accordance with a standardized test in two bathrooms, one with a bathtub and the other one with a shower area. Recordings of heart rate and subjectively perceived exertion were made during the test. Almost all were able to stand in front of the washbasin when washing themselves. Climbing in, sitting down and getting out of the bathtub required relatively high levels of effort, and almost one in five had difficulties. Only a few subjects needed personal assistance for getting out of the bathtub. There were large intraindividual variations of heart rate and perceived exertion in the various tasks. More than three of four took advantage of the handrails next to the bathtub during the test compared to one third of the subjects having handrails at home. Two thirds of the subjects had at least one technical aid in the bathroom, the most common technical aid in the bathroom was a "non-slip" mat in the bathtub. The importance of designing products and adapting the environment corresponding to the functional capacity of the elderly is emphasized.
Functional studies in 79-year-olds. III. Walking performance and climbing capacity
Authors: Lundgren-Lindquist B Aniansson A
Published: May 2023

Walking speed and the ability to climbing steps were studied in a subsample of 112 women and 93 men of the longitudinal population study "70-year-old people in Göteborg", in order to evaluate the functional capacity of the lower extremities. No women or men of this age achieved, when walking comfortably, a speed of maximum 1.4 m/s which is recommended in Sweden as a norm for pedestrians at signalized intersections. At their maximum walking speed only 32% of the women and 72% of the men reached 1.4 m/s. In comfortable walking women on an average used 78% and men 70% of their maximal walking speed. All subjects could climb up and down a 20 cm step when using a handrail. Less than half of the women but almost all the men were able to climb up and down a 50 cm high step using a handrail. Subjects having handicap transport service choose significantly lower walking speed than the rest of the subjects. Correlations were found between step test results and walking speed. It is concluded that both traffic vehicles and the rythm at signalized intersections are not in accordance with the functional capacity of older persons.
Growth hormone and periarticular new bone formation--a causal relationship? A preliminary communication
Authors: Sazbon L Sack J
Published: May 2023

In an attempt to examine the relationship between growth hormone (GH) and periarticular new bone formation (PNBF), we studied eight patients with brain lesions of different origins who were in a prolonged comatose state for 164 to 1320 days. Five of them developed PNBF. The latter reacted to both the specific L-Dopa test and to the non-specific TRH test with an increase in GH serum concentration. Those patients who did not develop PNBF, failed to react significantly to either tests. The difference in GH values between the two groups is statistically significant at the 95% level of confidence. We hypothesize that there may be a causal relationship between high concentrations of GH in serum and PNBF.
Muscular activity during ergometer cycling
Authors: Ericson MO , Nisell R , Arborelius UP , Ekholm J.
Published: May 2023

The aim of the study was to quantify the activity as recorded by electromyography during ergometer cycling in eleven different muscles of the lower extremity. Eleven healthy subjects rode in twelve different ways at different work-load, pedalling rate, saddle height and pedal foot position. Vastus medialis and lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis and the soleus muscle were the most activated muscles. Changes in muscle activity during different calibrations were studied in eight of the eleven muscles. An increase in work-load significantly increased the mean maximum activity in all the eight muscles investigated. An increase of the pedalling rate increased the activity in the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, vastus medialis, medial hamstring, gastrocnemius medialis and soleus muscles. An increase of the saddle height increased the muscle activity in the gluteus medius, medial hamstring and gastrocnemius medialis muscles. Use of a posterior pedal foot position increased the activity in the gluteus medius and rectus femoris muscles, and decreased the activity in the soleus muscle.
Intellectual Function Training in adults with acquired brain damage. Evaluation
Authors: Söderback I , Normell LA.
Published: May 2023

Intellectual Function Training (IFT) is an occupational therapy method for remediating cognitive functions in patients with acquired brain damage and has been presented in a previous paper. It has been evaluated by comparing a group of trained patients (n = 13) using the IFT method with a control group (n = 13) which underwent conventional rehabilitation. The trained group received IFT for 40 min each day, 5 days a week for about three months. Age, education and neurological status did not differ between the groups. The measurement methods of evaluation were Intellectual Function Assessment (IFP) and three psychometric test batteries. At the beginning of the study there was no significant difference in any subtest between the two groups. After the training period there was a significant difference of at least p less than 0. 05 between the trained and the control group in the IFP battery, except for the Long-term Memory subtest. The improvement for the trained group was evident six months later at the time of the follow-up measurement, clearly indicating a significant difference between the groups. In one psychometric subtest a significant difference of p less than 0. 01 was found. Within the experimental group over the study time there was a slight increase in performance which was notable in seven of the psychometric subtests p less than 0. 05-p less than 0. 001. The positive effect of IFT is considered to be specific for the type of task in which the patients were trained, while evidence of the effect on general intellectual function is inconclusive.
Long-term effects of auditory feedback training on relearned symmetrical body weight distribution in stroke patients. A follow-up study
Authors: Engardt M
Published: May 2023

Long-term effects of auditory kinetic feedback on relearned symmetrical body weight distribution while rising and sitting down were studied in stroke patients. Thirty patients were re-tested on average 33 months after having trained with and without auditory feedback. Body weight distribution on the legs was measured with two force plates. At re-test there was a decrease from 48% to 39% of body weight distribution (%BWD) on the paretic leg in rising and in sitting down in the patients in the auditory feedback group (p < 0.001). In the control group the decrease was from 44 to 39% BWD on the paretic leg (p < 0.05) in rising and from 44 to 42% BWD (n.s.) in sitting down. The symmetrical body-weight distribution, acquired after auditory feedback training, was not consistent over time. Movement time, however, was significantly reduced in the auditory feedback group (p < 0.05). Possible reasons for the findings are discussed.
Mesh-glove. 1. A method for whole-hand electrical stimulation in upper motor neuron dysfunction
Authors: Dimitrijevi MM
Published: May 2023

A newly devised method for electrical stimulation via a wired mesh-glove is described. The stimulation paradigm is novel in that a whole hand is the target of stimulation. Specific standardized stimulation modalities are reviewed. The protocol for mesh-glove stimulation for patients with and without volitional movements, but increased muscle tone is outlined. A sequenced program based on restoration of motor functions is described. The mesh-glove stimulation is well suited for home use. On the basis of our experience working with 40 patients after stroke, head and spinal cord injuries, we concluded that this procedure is beneficial and safe.
A criterion for stability of the motor function of the lower extremity in stroke patients using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale
Authors: Líndal E , Stefánsson Beckerman JG , Vogelaar TW , Lankhorst GJ , Verbeek AL
Published: May 2023

A test-retest reproducibility study was performed to define a criterion for stability as opposed to change of motor function of the lower extremity in stroke patients. Forty-nine patients with stroke were examined twice by the same physiotherapist, using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale. The interval between both measurements was three weeks. The mean differences between the first and the second measurement were small, with 0.04 points for the lower extremity scale and 0.92 points for the balance scale, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the lower extremity scale was 0.86, and 0.34 for the balance scale. The standard error of measurement for each scale was 1.76 and 1.17 points, respectively. The standard error of measurement can be transformed in an 'error threshold', which is a criterion to differentiate real changes from changes due to chance variation or measurement error. As the absence of real change is a parameter for stability, a change of less than 5 points for the lower extremity scale and of less than 4 points for balance confirms stability of motor function.
Pain is a major determinant of impaired performance in standardized active motor tests. A study in patients with fracture of the proximal humerus
Authors: Solem-Bertoft E , Lundh I , Westerberg CE
Published: May 2023

We have followed the recovery of motor performance and the subsidence of pain for one year in 12 patients after fracture of the proximal humerus. Performance scores during standardized active motor tests were recorded 3, 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after injury, and the pain ratings during each of three manoeuvres were assessed on a modified Borg verbal scale. The manoeuvres were: Hand in Neck, Hand in Back, and Pour out of a Pot. In a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained 3 weeks after injury, significant correlations were found between movement-induced pain and impairment of performance in all three tests. A multivariate analysis indicated a strong association between decreasing pain and increasing performance and this was significant after elimination of the influence of healing as measured by time. In contrast, the association between time and increasing performance, after eliminating of the influence of decreasing pain, was weak and non-significant. It is concluded that pain is a major determinant of impaired performance after fracture of the proximal humerus, and that performance scores in standardized active motor tests are inversely correlated with the amount of movement-induced pain.
Recovery of finger sensibility and somatosensory evoked potentials following digit-to-digit replantation in man
Authors: NS. Chu
Published: May 2023

Recovery of finger sensation and digital nerve function following digit-to-digit replantation was studied in 14 patients by clinical sensory evaluation and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) to digital nerve stimulation. The mean interval between injury and surgery was 8 +/- 3h; that between surgery and study was 25 +/- 7 months. Sensory examination revealed a mild hypersensitivity to cold. Pinprick, touch and hot sensations had nearly complete recovery, while vibration and two-point discrimination were impaired. In digital SEPs from the replanted side, the N9 component was present and normal in 8 patients (57%), whereas the N13 and N20 components had prolonged latency with normal central conduction time. Absence of the N9 component appeared to correlate with a more proximal level of injury and poor surgical outcome. The present data indicate that sensory recovery of the replanted digits was in general satisfactory but incomplete, and that over half of the patients had normal digital nerve conduction.
Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility in patients with whiplash injury
Authors: Heikkilä H , Aström PG
Published: May 2023

This study investigated cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility in patients with whiplash injury and the effects of a rehabilitation programme. Fourteen patients with a whiplash injury and 34 healthy subjects participated in this study. The ability to appreciate both movement and the position of the head with respect to the trunk was investigated. Active head repositioning was significantly less precise in the whiplash subjects compared to the control group. Repositioning was more precise in whiplash subjects after the 5-week rehabilitation programme. There was no correlation between error of repositioning in patients and pain intensity. It is probable that cervicocephalic kinesthesia is linked to sensory information from the extensive muscular and articular proprioceptive system. A flexion-extension injury to the neck may result in dysfunction of this system.
Disability and quality of life in individuals with muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ahlström G , Gunnarsson LG
Published: May 2023

In the county of Orebro, Sweden, 32 individuals with myotonic disorders and 25 with other types of muscular dystrophy were examined. Disability was assessed with functional tests and standardized observations of muscle function (mainly based on those proposed by Dr. Brooke), a new self-administered questionnaire regarding the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the ADL staircase (based on Katz ADL index). The results of the different tests of disability were highly correlated. The Sickness Impact Profile and the Kaasa test were used for assessing the quality of life, and no significant differences were found between the groups of muscular dystrophy. In an explanatory factor analysis three main factors of disability were found. The factors walk and move" and "finger function" were fair to good associated with the quality of life. This study offers an approach for research on the consequences of muscular dystrophy using established as well as new methods."