bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of low bone mineral density among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shawa Chisomo J.W. , Sitali Jonathan I. , Banda Justor , Mweemba Aggrey
Published: October 2024

Background: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is a common complication of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, there is lack of information on the factors associated with reduced BMD in people living with HIV and on ART.  We assessed the prevalence of reduced BMD and its associated determinants in people living with HIV and were on antiretroviral therapy.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on people living with HIV and on ART was conducted at the largest tertiary teaching adult hospital, in Lusaka Zambia from August 1, 2019 December 31, 2020. Included in the study were participants aged between 50 and 69 years of age. A Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scan was employed to assess Bone Mineral Density. Low Bone Mineral Density was defined as both osteoporosis and osteopenia. Logistic regression analysis was employed to establish determinants associated with BMD.
Results: Of the 315 participants, 43.8% were females and the median age was 55.0 years (IQR 60-51). The overall prevalence of reduced bone mineral density was 82.6% and of these, 34.0% had osteopenia and 48.6% osteoporosis. After adjusting for confounders, age 55 years and older (AOR 5.87, 95% CI 3.34-10.30, p=<0.001) was independently associated with osteoporosis while CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/mm3 (AOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.55, p=<0.001) and an increase in Body Mass Index (AOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.99, p=0.008) were associated with decreased odds of osteoporosis.
Conclusions: Our study highlights a high prevalence of low Bone Mineral Density. Older age was positively associated with osteoporosis while a high CD4 count and high body Mass Index revealed a decreased odds for osteoporosis.
Thyroid abscess in a postpartum woman with subclinical hyperthyroidism: A Case Report
Authors: Kabongo Kizito Mulamba Changachanga , Luboobi James
Published: October 2024

Thyroid abscess is a rare condition, and acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) accounts for <1% of all thyroid diseases. It is a potentially fatal infection. The risk factors include pre-existing thyroid disorders, immunosuppression, and neck procedures. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism.
The case report aims to demonstrate the rarity of a huge thyroid abscess caused by Serratia odorifera in a postpartum woman.
A 42-year-old female with no known comorbidity but a 2-year history of an un-investigated thyroid mass and 1 month postpartum presented with 3 weeks of a painful anterior neck mass. She had no clinical features of hyperthyroidism although the thyroid hormone levels were consistent with subclinical hyperthyroidism. The thyroid abscess was confirmed by ultrasound scan. It was managed with appropriate antibiotics, ultrasound-guided needle aspiration, and surgical drainage with a good outcome.
We present a rare case of thyroid abscess caused by Serratia odorifera in a postpartum woman with subclinical hyperthyroidism. For a huge thyroid abscess, we recommend incision and drainage, and a minimum of two weeks of appropriate antibiotics.
Limb Amputations at A Rural Tertiary Hospital: Evaluating Patient Characteristics, Risk Factors for Mortality, and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Araka Danny M. , Roberts Luke , Parker Robert K
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Amputation is the surgical removal of a body part. Trauma, infections, and non-communicable diseases are among indications of amputations, but changing trends have been highlighted in various regions. We aimed to describe the experience of limb amputations at our hospital to highlight patient characteristics, risk factors for mortality, and functional outcomes.
Methods
The study was a descriptive, retrospective case series of all patients who underwent limb amputation from January 1st 2018 to December 31st 2019. Patient data, including demographics, details of presentation, laboratory values, comorbidities, operations, and outcomes, were extracted from the electronic medical record. The primary outcomes were postoperative function and mortality. Comparison by risk factors for mortality was performed.
Results
154 patients underwent amputation. 121 (78.5%) were lower limb amputations. The average age was 52.2 years. Average duration of illness was 120 days. 93 (60.4%) patients were men. 82 (53.9%) had at least one comorbidity. Trauma was an indication for 57 (37%) patients and 74 (48%) had arterial disease. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (N=62; 40%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 10.4% (N=16). Patients with a presenting diagnosis of diabetes had increased mortality when compared to those without diabetes (19.2% vs. 5.9%; p=0.01). For the functional outcome, 59 (47.2%) were ambulant on crutches and 27 (21.6%) were using a wheelchair.
Conclusions
Trauma and vascular disease frequently contributes to the need for amputation in our region. Diabetes was present in one third of the patients, and was a significant risk factor for mortality. Recognition of the impact of medical comorbidities is warranted given these findings.
Influence Of Principals’ Students Financial Support Practices On Students’ Retention In Public Day Secondary Schools In Nakuru County
Authors: Njambi Nyaga Elsie , Nyabisi Emily , Oigara Peterson
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of principals’ students financial support practices on students’ retention in public day secondary schools in Nakuru County. The study was guided by Tintos’ student integration theory. The mixed methods research approach was adopted using the concurrent triangulation research design. The target population was 38,863 comprising of 293 principals, 3962 teachers and 34597 students in public-day secondary schools only and 11 Sub- County Directors of Education. The sample size was 574 participants, comprising of samples of 90 principals 363 teachers, 110 students and 11 SCDE. The sample size of 363 teachers was determined using Slovenes’ formula. Interview schedules were used to collect qualitative data from Sub-County Director of Education while questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from principals and teachers and focus group discussions from students. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive such as frequencies, percentages and means, and inferential statistics which included Pearson Correlation and Regression Analysis. The study findings showed that the principal’s financial management practices had a positive correlation with significant effects on student retention (r= 0.360; p < 0.05).  The study recommends that Schools should implement income-generating projects, raise awareness of bursaries and scholarships, and provide flexible payment options to reduce financial barriers and improve student retention. Authorities should promote policies that support financially disadvantaged students by encouraging such initiatives, ensuring access to scholarships, and offering flexible payment options for essential programs.
Comparative analysis of clinical profile, laboratory profile and outcome in COVID-19 patients with and without hypothyroidism
Authors: Malini B Sindhu , Chidambaram Yoganathan , Jenil Dhas C P Clement , B K Navinkumar , Kumar S Sujith
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Previous studies suggest that patients’ thyroid status might directly impact the course of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of the study was to determine the clinical profile of COVID-19 patients with hypothyroidism and compare it with that of COVID-19 patients without hypothyroidism.Design: Retrospective observational studySetting: The study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare centre in Tamil Nadu between May and June 2021.Participants: The study included 117 patients admitted with hypothyroidism and COVID-19 as well as 117 age and Gender matched COVID-19 patients without hypothyroidism.Main outcome measures: Data regarding the demography, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, method of diagnosis of COVID-19, computed tomography (CT) severity score, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), D-dimer, oxygen requirement, number of days in hospital and outcome were collected for both groups. Data analysis was conducted, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The study comprised 234 patients over two months, from May to June 2021. Distribution of presenting symptoms showed that the hypothyroidism group presented with a higher incidence of fever (66.67%), loose stool (18.80%) and myalgia (7.69%). Results show that RTPCR+, O2 Requirement, death, D-dimer, IL-6, number of days admitted as well as CT-severity did not show any statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between both groups. The outcomes also showed that both groups reported four mortalities.Conclusions: The results of the study help conclude that the hypothyroidism status of a COVID-19 patient is not associated with higher severity of clinical symptoms, deranged laboratory values as well as mortality.
Patterns of acute chest pain at two tertiary centres in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Doku Alfred , A. Ndanu Tom , Edwin Frank , Entsua-Mensah Kow , Tetteh John , Ghansah Aba , Yeboah-Asiamah Bernard , Gyan Desrie , Adzamli Innocent , A. Sheriff Mohammed , Tettey Mark
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation and evaluation of acute life-threatening chest pain in Accra, Ghana.Design: This was a cross-sectional study at the emergency departments of two leading tertiary hospitals in Accra.Settings: The study was conducted at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and the 37 Military Hospital in AccraParticipants: The study participants comprised adult patients aged 18 years and above who presented with acute chest pain at the emergency departments between April and June 2018.Main Outcome: Acute coronary syndrome is the leading life-threatening cause of chest pain with poor pre- and inhospital care.Results: 232 patients with chest pain were enrolled as respondents aged 18 to 94 years. The prevalence of life-threatening conditions causing chest pain was 31.9% of those who presented with acute chest pain. These included acute coronary syndrome (82.4%), pulmonary embolism (14.9%), and acute chest syndrome (2.7%). A few (6.6%) with life-threatening conditions such as acute coronary syndrome were transported by ambulances, and 44.3% reported to the facility within 2 to 9 days after the onset of chest pain. None of the patients with pulmonary embolism and acute chest syndrome had computer tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) and echocardiogram done, respectively.Conclusion: Our study found that life-threatening conditions amongst patients presenting with acute chest pains are common; however, there is a need to improve pre-hospital care and in-hospital assessment of these cases.
Use of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for the determination of rare-earths contained in the concentrates and in landfills from the beneficiation plant of Gakara rare-earth deposit in Burundi
Authors: De Cliff Steve , Niyongabo Desire , Nihorimbere Manasse , Simbavimbere Jean Paul
Published: October 2024

The Gakara rare-earth ore deposit in Burundi is the only operating rare-earth mine in Africa and one of the richest rare-earth deposits in  the world with an in-situ content of 47 to 67% rare-earth oxides (REO). However, although the country has significant mineral resources,  Burundi has not yet developed a mining industry and even the Kabezi rare-earth concentration plant only produces concentrates,  exported as such to the raw state, without any added value. Prior to the results of the present study, no quantitative data from  researchers was available on the content of the said concentrate, much less on the nature of the substances that contain it. Therefore,  the present research work focused on quantitative analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on rareearth concentrates and on landfills  scattered around the said beneficiation plant. The findings of the present research work reveal that the rare-earth concentrate  from Gakara rare-earth ore deposit in Burundi contains seven metals of this strategic ore including lanthanum (20.5% in elements; 18.0%  in oxides), yttrium (0.16%; 0.15%), cerium (37.75%; 33.75%), praseodymium (2.80%; 2.63%), neodymium (12.14%; 10.00%), samarium  (1.00%; 0.90%) and gadolinium (0.47%; 0.35%). With a total rare-earth elements (TREE) content of 74.84 ± 0.33%, the Gakara rare-earth  concentrate can be refined into seven rare-earth metals. The corresponding total rare-earth oxide (TREO) content is of 65.78 ± 0.29%.  Such findings are highly revealing and constitute a critical step which must lead to an in-depth research on the optimization of a  technological separation and purification process which could be used specifically for this deposit considered as one of the most strategic  globally. Regarding the waste dumps, the present research found that they contain quantities of thorium (0.127%) and lead  (0.237%) at levels that should not be ignored. No uranium was detected.
Proximate composition, minerals analysis and antibacterial potential of Syzygium cumini L. leaves, flower and bark extracts against foodborne pathogens
Authors: Ali Javid , Hussain Arshad , Siddique Muhammad , Ur Rehman Inayat , Zeb Anwar
Published: October 2024

The current study was carried out to evaluate the proximate compositions, minerals assessment and antimicrobial activities of leaves,  bark and flower of Syzygium cumini L. Proximate compositions were carried out using standard methods. The mineral analyses were  assessed by Flame Photometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential were assayed using Well-diffusion  assay for three extracts (decoction, infusion and tincture). The proximate composition of Syzygium cumini L. leaves, flower and bark were  found in the range i.e. moisture 3.5-05%, ash 05-07%, crude fat 0.4-2.5%, crude fiber 08-23%, protein 02-04%, carbohydrate 64.1-78.9% and  energy 268-335Kcal/100 g dw. Similarly the minerals quantification (mg/Kg) range were calculated as Sodium 1300-1600, Potassium  3250-5000, Calcium 12500-24000, Magnesium 5000-9600, Zinc 30- 60, Iron 140-500 and Manganese 30-100. The tincture observed the most  efficient extract followed by infusion and decoction. While bark showed the least antibacterial potential against the pathogenic  bacteria as compared to leaves and flower. The results commonly observed that generally the high opposing were observed by Gram-ve  microbes to the Syzygium cumini L. extracts as compared to Gram-positive bacteria. These findings observed that Syzygium cumini leaves,  flower and bark are a connection of health promoting major mineral elements and nutrition ingredients. Therefore, it can be a latent  resource of natural minerals, fiber, protein and antibacterial agents in food, feed and medicine. This study exemplifies the latent of this  plant as a substitute feed and food supplement to make stronger food security.
Legal Issues on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises in Ethiopia in Light of Global Good Practices
Authors: Alemayehu Yismaw Demamu
Published: October 2024

There are several state-owned enterprises in Ethiopia, and these enterprises have dominance in many strategic sectors. Although the state has enacted corporate governance laws, there are concerns that the laws are not comprehensive and strong enough, and need to draw lessons from comparative global good practices. This article analyses the Ethiopian laws and practices of corporate governance of state-owned enterprises in light of the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises, World Bank Toolkit, and comparative good practices. The analysis shows that the existing laws and practices of corporate governance of state-owned enterprises have gaps that have several implications on the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises. Thus, there is the need for reform or enactment of laws that incorporate good practices of corporate governance of state-owned enterprises.
Serological and Molecular Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in Commercial Poultry Flock in Kaduna and Kano State Nigeria
Authors: Mkpuma Nicodemus , Oyedeji Lukman Muftahu , Akintule Alexander Oluyinka , Chinyere Chinonyerem N. , Agbato Adeyinka Olamide , Bitrus Inuwa , Shehu Shamsuddeen , Olawuyi Kayode A. , Tige Donna Bala , Gado Dorcas A. , Meseko Clement A.
Published: October 2024

The poultry business in Nigeria has been severely affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), particularly the H5 variant. Unlike  H5 and H7 subtypes, low pathogenic strains like the H9N2 are not notifiable to the OIE. However, in many instances in the West African  sub-region, this strain poses a threat to chicken and turkey farming. In the present study, reports of mortality in commercial layer chicken  with clinical indications and lesions of Newcastle disease and E. coli septicemia from two farms in Kano and Kaduna states. Ten  tracheal, cloacal swabs, and blood samples were collected from moribund and dead birds on each of these farms and sent to the lab for  analysis. Using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, antibodies against the H9 subtypes of the AIV were found in 85 percent (17/20)  of the sera. Low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H9N2, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp were detected in six samples by RT- qPCR and Microbiology respectively as well as virus isolation in 9-11day old specific antibody negative embryonated chicken egg.  Hyperaemia, oedema, necrosis and loss of cilia on the epithelial lining of the trachea with heterophils and lymphocytes infiltration of the  lamina propria were observed in all the samples. These findings confirmed the presence and circulation of the low pathogenic subtype  H9N2 in commercial layer flock; though the virus is biologically low pathogenic, co-infection with other pathogens could exacerbate  infection and cause severe economic losses. We suggest that all subtypes of avian influenza virus be monitored at all times across the  country.
Advancing equitable access to care and strengthening workforce development for kidney health in Rwanda: National Symposium proceedings, March 15, 2024
Authors: Nyenyeli Darlene L. , Twagirumukiza E. , Neil Kara L. , Niyonsenga Simon P. , Rugamba G. , Ntihabose C. , Habyarimana O. , Ntirenganya J. , Gasana Africa G.
Published: October 2024

Kidney disease is a global health burden with significant economic and public health impacts. Rwanda’s Kidney Diseases Management Symposium was a national-level gathering aimed at discussing the outcomes of existing renal programs and exploring approaches to advance and ensure equitable access to care and optimal medication practice for kidney health in Rwanda. The symposium brought together over 100 healthcare providers, academicians, researchers, patient representatives, and policymakers across Rwanda. Presentations, discussions, and roundtable sessions took place on the epidemiological and management aspects of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, which are the most common renal diseases among the Rwandan population. Breakthrough discussions also took place on the establishment and impact of kidney transplantation programs in Rwanda. A common understanding of the achievements in renal disease management in Rwanda made in the last decade was reached. The symposium highlighted the importance of raising community awareness about kidney diseases, enforcing preventive practices and early detection programs, optimizing the availability and accessibility of renal medications, developing a renal registry for real-world data and practice, and bridging the health workforce shortage through training. Renal initiatives in Rwanda are overall operating effectively, with significant national and institutional support and commitment. By fostering partnerships and intersectoral collaborations, Rwanda is well on its way to universal access to kidney care and a sufficient workforce to meet the needs of the population.
Assessment of the Dose Coverage at the PTV for EBRT for Cervical Cancer Treatment Plan Using AAA Varian Eclipse TPS at Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Tanzania
Authors: Ngowi Kelvin G. , Kumwenda Mwingereza J. , Amour Khamis O.
Published: October 2024

The implementation of the Eclipse treatment planning system software (Version 15.1) at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), Tanzania has made the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) the necessary routine tool for dose calculations. However, the accuracy of the AAA algorithm in planning doses specifically for cervical cancer treatment is not well known. Therefore, this study investigated the accuracy of the AAA in dose calculation in terms of the dose coverage at the Plan Target Volume (PTV) for cervical cancer treatment at the ORCI. 50 treatment plans of adult patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB-IIIB cervical cancer who underwent 3D-CRT were analyzed. The results show that most of the patients received at least 95% of the prescribed dose, averaging 48.3 Gy, which is about 96.6% of the prescription. The average maximum dose was about 53.7 Gy, equivalent to 107.4% of the prescribed dose. When compared to other studies, minor dosimetric differences, typically less than 2% for all the PTV dose parameters, were observed. In conclusion, the results affirm that the Eclipse AAA algorithm is sufficiently accurate for dose calculations for cervical cancer treatment planning at the ORCI.
Keywords:    AAA; Cervical cancer; FIGO; PTV; TPS
Isolation and Characterization of Yeast from Sisal Boles for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Msuya Neema , Andrew Sospeter P , Temu Abraham K
Published: October 2024

diversity of microorganism species, including yeast that can be utilized for bioethanol production. The objective of the study was to isolate yeast cells from sisal boles juice for bioethanol production. Sisal boles for juice extraction were randomly collected from Ubena sisal estate, Pwani region. To preserve the targeted microorganisms cold juice pressing method was used. Pour plate method was used on Potato Dextrose Agar and four distinct colonies were formed and repeatedly sub-cultured to obtain four pure yeast isolates. The juice yield was only 510 mL per kg of sisal bole, which is below the yield for autoclaved sisal bole obtained by other researchers. The yeast identified was concluded to be Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on the macroscopic and microscopic morphological observations. Isolated S. cerevisiae is better conditioned for fermentation of sisal bole juice to various products, including bioethanol. Upon the fermentation and temperature tolerance test, all the indigenous yeast isolates could ferment glucose, sucrose, maltose and fructose and tolerate incubation temperatures up to 45ºC. Therefore, the indigenous S. cerevisiae isolates can reliably be conditioned for use in ethanol production using sisal wastes.
Advanced Principal Component Analysis of Various Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Prevalence in Nigeria
Authors: Adeboye Nureni O. , Adesina Olumide S. , Afolabi Habeeb A. , Ogunleye Timothy A. , Kolawole Mutairu K.
Published: October 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious disease globally estimated to have caused between 500,000 to 1.2 million deaths annually. HBV prevalence is still high in Nigeria. Thus, this research aimed to identify factors germane to the widespread of HBV infection in an apparent clinical survey. The methods of analysis used were frequency, percentage and Principal component analysis (PCA). This was achieved through hospital record extracts of consultant hepatologists and the dimensionality reduction of the acquired data while retaining essential factors that are germane to the prevalence of HBV infection. The findings revealed that out of seventeen components evaluated in the study, the PCA retained 15 components of which Eigen-values are greater than 1.00. The symptoms retained in every component were fever, muscle pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, blood in vomit, jaundice, pale stool, nausea, blood in faeces, weight loss, malaise, abdominal pain, joint ache, swollen of lower extremities, confusion and yellow eye. The symptoms were listed in accordance with their level of relevance for diagnosing HBV in patients, and all the variables retained accounted for 94.278% variation in the prevalence of HBV infection, with the majority of the infected populace found among the adults (18 -64 years).
Natural Bee Space and Comb Cell Dimensions of Honey Bee Colonies in Mwinkantsi Village, Babati District, Tanzania
Authors: Theobald Theobald J , Kidabaga Richard A , Mashilingi Shibonage K
Published: October 2024

The use of improved beehives in beekeeping is emphasized to facilitate easier colony manipulations. The improved beehives used in Tanzania are either imported or manufactured locally by adopting dimensions for European honey bees. However, the dimensions adopted are faulty to the dimensions of local honey bees, leading to cross-combing problems which hinder realization of the expected management advantages. This study assessed the characteristic natural bee space and comb cell dimensions of honey bee colonies occupied the traditional split log hives in Mwinkantsi village, Babati district. Results showed that honey bee colonies in Mwinkantsi village exhibited an overall bee space of 11.82 ± 0.36 mm, larger than a range of 7.5 ± 1.5 mm bee space reported for European honey bees. The colonies also exhibited 22.21 ± 0.62 mm overall average comb thickness, 12.01 ± 0.57 mm comb cell depth, and 5.05 ± 0.46  mm comb cell width. Moreover, both bee space and cell dimensions showed significant variations influenced by comb type. These findings add to the body of knowledge and suggest extensive agroecological investigations on natural characteristic dimensions of local honey bee colonies in Tanzania. This will inform the construction of improved hives that suit local honey bee colonies.
Keywords: Honey bees; Bee space; Comb thickness; Cell dimensions; Tanzania.
Vegetation invasion influences waterbird assemblages and aquatic environmental parameters in urban areas of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Damas Daudi O. , John Jasson R.
Published: October 2024

Waste Stabilisation Ponds (WSPs) serve as refuge habitats for waterbirds in response to the decline of natural wetlands especially in urban settings. Various sewage treatment stages within WSPs attract waterbirds differently based on the specific characteristics of each stage. This study examines the influence of treatment stages on both vegetated and non-vegetated WSPs over a period of one year in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Bird surveys were periodically conducted at each treatment stage along with different environmental variables; dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, water turbidity, water temperature, pH, and invertebrate biomass. In non-vegetated WSPs, waterbird densities and invertebrate biomass were significantly higher in facultative ponds than in maturation ponds (p < 0.05). The water pH was higher in maturation ponds than in facultative ponds (p < 0.05). However, in vegetated WSPs, no notable variations in waterbird density and environmental variables were observed across different treatment stages (p > 0 .05). The presence of vegetation in WSPs created similar environmental conditions across treatment stages, potentially reducing waterbird preferences for specific stages. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the characteristics of sewage treatment stages in order to enhance the management of WSPs as suitable habitats for waterbird populations in urban areas.
Forest Management Optimization Scenarios for Climatic and Economic Benefits Generated from Tectona grandis Plantation in Muheza, Tanzania
Authors: Mgoo Omari S. , Temu Beatus J. , Mwambusi Japhet N. , Chamshama Shabani A. O.
Published: October 2024

Globally, multiple ecosystem services are increasingly becoming an important agenda in sustainable forest management. However, it is still unclear which forest management practices would lead to an optimal bundle of ecosystem services promoting sustainability. This study aimed to determine whether implementing thinning schedule and 30 years rotation age has implications on the provision of ecosystem services and economic benefits of Teak stands in Tanzania. Carbon quantification and cost-benefit analysis methods were used to study the climatic and economic benefits of wood production and carbon sequestration under five scenarios where three thinning schedules and 30 years rotation age were the baseline. Data were collected from 168 purposively selected circular plots of radius 9.78 m distributed systematically in 9 thinned stands. Thinned stands were implemented with intensities of 50%, 50%, and 25% in first, second, and third thinning respectively. Results showed that decreasing 33.4% rotation age from baseline while maintaining three thinning schedules maximized climatic and economic benefits of combined wood production and carbon storage goal by 181.5%. Preferred thinning schedules and rotation age had wood production and carbon sequestration of 821 m3/ha and 41.3 t/ha respectively. Managing Teak Forest plantation for the combined goal of wood production and carbon sequestration is recommended.
Application of combined geophysical and archaeological survey techniques: a case study of Singida Region, Tanzania
Authors: Itambu Makarius Peter , Mwamakimbula Eliah , Yahaya Nasra , Kilela Jasmine , Muhuri Leonard , Mathé Pierre-Etienne
Published: October 2024

The seismically active Singida region in central Tanzania lies at the edge of the East African Rift System (EARS) which is locally designated the Gregory Rift. The archaeological record of the region, especially in the eastern part of the Ikungi District, unlike that of northern Tanzania, is comparatively unknown, despite early archaeological expeditions hinting at its potential. Recent research in the eastern area suggests that it preserves a long record of hominin occupation spanning the Early to Late Stone Age. This interdisciplinary field work, carried out between August 2022 to August 2023, resulted in the discovery of a relatively deep package of Quaternary deposits, revealing assemblages of artifacts dating from Early Stone Age (ESA) to Middle Stone Age (MSA) periods. This testifies, for the first time, to a long term and more scattered human occupation in this part of this central region close to the famed Oldupai Gorge, since other sites were found across the Gregory scarp and the nearby Singida-Arusha highway. We also utilized magnetic surveys acquired with a Cesium vapor magnetometer coupled with magnetic susceptibility measurements using a SM-30 device in the sites, which revealed ancient fireplaces potteries, furnaces, Iron ore and other metallic materials of various ages, hence proving the success of multiple applications of rock magnetism combined with archaeological approaches in the region. We provide evidence of pedological and archaeological records of the end of the African Humid Period (AHP) in this eastern part of the region and possibly other later abrupt arid events which exhibit synchronicity with similar events recorded in sediment archives from Lake Victoria or further South (i.e., Lake Nyasa). This promising venue of investigation bears much potential and calls for further study. Finally, we question the potential drivers that could possibly explain human settlements or migration pathways in conjunction with the shift from hunting-gathering to pastoralism.
Keywords: Magnetic mapping; Low-field magnetic susceptibility; Archaeological sites; Heritage resources; Natural resources
Adsorptive Performance of Composite of Sugarcane Bagasse Fibres and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Simultaneous Removal of Multi–pollutants from Wastewaters
Authors: Sengasu Joseph W , Philip Joseph YN , Kilulya Kessy F
Published: October 2024

This paper reports on the performance of the prepared Sugarcane Bagasse Fibres – Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (SBF–MWCNTs) composite for simultaneous removal of Crystal Violet (CV), Pb(II), Cr(III), Cd(II) and Co(II) from the effluent using a fixed bed method. Different composites of SBF–MWCNTs biosorbent were prepared from mixtures of varied ratios of SBF and MWCNTs at 25 °C. The SBF–MWCNTs materials were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Crystallinity index and swelling behaviour of the materials were also determined. Thomas model linear equation was applied in the assessment of pollutants adsorption performance at different conditions. With a column height of 8 cm containing 1.5 g of SBF–MWCNTs, flow rate of 2.5 mL min-1, pH > 6, and pollutant initial concentrations of ≤25 mg/L, the SBF–MWCNTs composite containing 2% MWCNTs had higher pollutants adsorption capacity (mg/L), 6.61 ± 0.092 Pb(II), 4.78 ± 0.132 CV, 4.58 ± 0.080 Cr(III), 4.09 ± 0.181 Cd(II), 2.98 ± 0.230 Co(II). Whereas, that of unmodified fibres (SBF) were 5.53 ± 0.056 Pb(II), 4.48 ± 0.091 CV, 3.77 ± 0.072 Cr(III), 3.41 ± 0.050 Cd(II) and 2.42 ± 0.031 Co(II). Statistical analysis at 0.05 significance level has shown that adsorption capacity of each contaminant by the SBF–MWCNTs is significantly higher than that of SBF. These results indicate that SBF–MWCNTs composite is a potential biosorbent for the removal of multi–pollutants from aqueous systems.
Keywords:    Wastewater treatment; Multi–pollutants; Carbon nanotubes; Sugarcane bagasse; Fixed bed
How to investigate a constitutional culture?: The case for the focus group method in comparative constitutional studies1
Authors: Carolan Eoin , Gagliardi Silvia , Gutierrez Daniela Rodriguez
Published: October 2024

This article makes the case for the use of focus groups as a method with particular relevance to the field of comparative constitutional studies. The article begins with a brief overview of the most common approaches to accounts of constitutional culture. It then explains how the focus group method may – in theory – address some of the limitations of these techniques. In contrast to quantitatively oriented techniques, focus groups offer context-sensitive, participant-driven and in-depth insights into how ordinary citizens understand, think about and discuss constitutional issues. This, it is argued, provides novel and valuable information about the functional and sociological value of constitutions, as hypothesised in much of the recent literature on social imaginaries and sociological constitutionalism. Having made the theoretical case for the method, the article deals in its final sections with the authors’ experience in making use of this method. It identifies the challenges and limitations that may arise when applying the method to constitutional questions and offers conclusions and guidance on its potential utility for future research in the area.
Judicial review versus populist authoritarianism
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech
Published: October 2024

Populist authoritarianism is a common form of democratic backsliding these days. Can courts do anything to prevent or minimize the damage produced by the growth of such political regimes? The awareness that democracy requires judges (among other institutions) to focus on protecting democratic institutions and procedures has been advocated keenly by many comparative constitutional scholars who identify and diagnose democratic backsliding around the world. This article highlights the possibilities for courts to act as protectors of rather than threats to democracy in this age of elected authoritarians. It traces constitutional developments that suggest the need for judges to develop and implement certain skills that hold significant potential for upholding the principles of democracy. The article provides a non-exhaustive catalogue of typical populist violations of liberal constitutionalism and corresponding judicial strategies for dealing with them. These strategies include enforcing unwritten democratic norms, invalidating non-democratic constitutional amendments, insisting on proper legislative (parliamentary) procedures, and protecting democratic standards against majoritarian assaults, especially as far as free and fair elections are concerned (judicial ‘militant democracy’). In the concluding section, the article briefly reflects upon strategies of self-defence available to judiciaries and some unexpected consequences for populist executives of capturing the judicial branch.
СЛОБОДА И МОРАЛ У КАНТОВОМ УЧЕЊУ О ВАСПИТАЊУ
Authors:   Универзитет у Нишу, Филозофски факултет, Лазаревић Ђорђе
Published: October 2024

Кантов често занемарени Спис о педагогији излаже његово схватање васпитања и образовања. У овом раду испитаћемо у ком односу стоје основни ставови овог списа са Кантовом критичком филозофијом. Будући да васпитање као појам припада практичкој сфери, наш примарни циљ је да утврдимо да ли Кантова морална филозофија заснива његову теорију васпитања. Показаћемо да постоји значајно терминолошко, структурално и смисаоно поклапање између ових области. Међутим, уочићемо и извесну напетост која постоји у сфери Кан- тових ставова у вези са трансценденталном слободом и појмом слободе прет- постављеном у Спису. У ком смеру се разрешава ова дилема одређује карактер неконзистентности Кантове филозофије: или теоријске поставке о интелигибил- ном карактеру нису исправне, или теорија васпитања изнета у Спису није пот- пуна.
The Role of Emotions in the Dissemination of Populism and fake News Phenomena
Authors: Čatipović Paula
Published: October 2024

Based on the assumption that human emotions have an influence on their decisions and attitudes, this paper explores the relationship between emotions and the challenges democracy faces in the 21st century. Focusing on fake news and populism, the paper explores the role of emotions in these phenomena. Some of the emotional patterns analyzed in this paper are the appearance of fear, insecurity, and anger, which are manifested through the creation of “enemies” and “antagonists” embodied by immigrants, political elites, and mainstream media. In the end, by reviewing significant research on this topic, a fundamental distinction is revealed in the interpretation of the mentioned phenomena, considering whether people approach them from an emotionally challenged or reason-driven position. Therefore, a systematical overview of work on this topic can make a significant contribution to the further understanding of these phenomena.
Handelmanovi modeli i zrcala javnih događaja ili Sinjska alka kao primjer zrcala-prezentacije
Authors: Marjanić Suzana
Published: October 2024

Polazeći od teorijskoga koncepta modela i zrcala javnih događaja, kako ih je usustavio Don Handelman, tekst pozicionira navedene koncepte na odabrane društveno-političke i kulturne primjere u Hrvatskoj, pri čemu Sinjsku alku promatram kao primjer zrcala-prezentacije. Naime, na primjeru Malbašina spjeva (modo epico) pokazujemo na koji način Sinjska alka djeluje kao zrcalo-prezentacija, javni događaj koji radi na didaktičnoj i historicističkoj intenciji moderne države i zajednice.
Inteligentno prevladavanje stanja
Authors: Katušić Krešimir
Published: October 2024

Tekst propituje mogućnost jedinstvenog puta filozofije, religije, umjetnosti i znanosti u okvirima žive kulture. Jezik i pismo mediji su koji usmjeravaju duhovna nastojanja. S jedne strane je tehnoznanstveni svijet koji traži operativnost, dok je s druge strane traganje za jezikom kojim se može prodrijeti do istinskog ljudskog postojanja. U tom procesu iskustvo se pokazuje ključnim rezultatom suradnje ruke i mozga. Tehnoznanstvenom svijetu informacija i pokušaja zadržavanja postojećih odnosa u društvima suprotstavlja se utopijska ideja ljudske zajednice. Takovu pravednu, humanu zajednicu može ostvariti samo biće kojemu je dano da je sanja, misli, nastoji manifestirati. Inteligencija i intuicija te dobra volja kao slobodna volja, alati su kojima je moguće ostvariti idealno, tj. ono moguće, pravedno. Biti otvoren je proces povratne veze, eliptične izmjene energija, stalnog vrtloženja. Živjeti u idealnoj zajednici jest slobodna izmjena energije i vibracija s težnjom k ravnoteži. Utopija je ideja koja čeka ostvarenje, a filozofski koncept ideje Jedinstva vrijedan je vježbanja, suživota.
Gesamtkunstwerk i multimedija
Authors: Pavletić Livia
Published: October 2024

Ideja teksta je propitivanje sličnosti i razlika između sadržaja pojmova gesamtkunstwerk i multimedija. Riječ je o pojmovima koji pretpostavljaju traganje za novim oblikom ujedinjenja umjetničkih oblika, u različitim vremenima i na različite načine. Ključni mislilac (i umjetnik) gesamtkuntwerka, odnosno te orijentacije je kompozitor Richard Wagner. Teoretičar koji je bio na prijelomu svjetova tradicionalne umjetnosti i suvremene tehničke sfere bio je Walter Benjamin. On započinje s novom trasom pisanja o umjetnosti na koju se naslanjaju teoretičari kao što su Marshall MacLuhan, Vilem Flusser, Friedrich Kitller, Jean Baudrilliard, Dona Harway,Lev Manovich i Maurizio Lazarato. Tekst će predstaviti ideju gesamtkunstwerka i usporediti je sa nekim od stavova teoretičara koji su tu ideju prihvatili ili odbili.
Modelo de evaluación ambiental para viviendas con materiales sostenibles en el sitio Joa - Jipijapa, Ecuador
Authors: Parrales Cantos Glider Nunilo
Published: October 2024

Este artículo presenta un modelo de evaluación ambiental para la construcción de viviendas con materiales sostenibles en el sitio Joa, ubicado en el cantón Jipijapa, Ecuador. El objetivo del estudio es desarrollar un sistema de evaluación que considere los impactos ambientales de los materiales utilizados, promoviendo la sostenibilidad en la construcción local. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología basada en indicadores clave de sostenibilidad, como el consumo de energía, emisiones de carbono, reciclabilidad de materiales y generación de residuos. Los resultados muestran que la implementación de este modelo puede reducir el impacto ambiental de la construcción, fomentar el uso de recursos locales y mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Como conclusión, se propone la aplicación de este modelo en futuros proyectos de vivienda social en la región, con el fin de fortalecer las prácticas de construcción sostenible.
Evaluación de la percepción comunitaria, gestión y calidad de infraestructuras viales de tercer orden: caso de estudio Portoviejo, Manabí
Authors: Cordero Garcés Manuel Octavio
Published: October 2024

Este estudio aborda la problemática de la infraestructura vial en las zonas rurales de Portoviejo, Manabí, y su impacto en la conectividad y desarrollo socioeconómico de las comunidades. El objetivo principal fue evaluar la percepción comunitaria sobre la infraestructura vial, identificando los elementos que impactan su calidad y sostenibilidad. Se aplicó una encuesta a 40 habitantes utilizando una escala Likert de 5 puntos, y los datos fueron analizados con el software SPSS. Además, se compararon los resultados con normativas técnicas nacionales e internacionales para identificar discrepancias. Los resultados mostraron una valoración positiva hacia los proyectos viales, destacando la planificación y la participación comunitaria como elementos clave. Sin embargo, se identificaron áreas de mejora, especialmente en la durabilidad de los materiales y el mantenimiento periódico de los caminos. El estudio concluye que es necesario optimizar la gestión y garantizar el cumplimiento de estándares técnicos para mejorar la sostenibilidad de la infraestructura vial rural.
Comparative Analysis Of K-Nearest Neighbors And Decision Tree Methods In Determining Students’ Purchase Interest In Macbook Laptops
Authors: Fadilla Hasibuan Intan , Irmayani Deci , Sihombing Volvo
Published: October 2024

In the context of increasingly competitive technology markets, companies need to know consumer preferences accurately to optimize product offerings and increase sales. Two classification methods that are often used in data mining, namely K-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree, have their own advantages and disadvantages. This study proposes a solution that involves processing student data using both classification methods to identify the most accurate and effective method for identifying purchase intentions. This study aims to compare the performance of the two methods in determining student purchase intentions for MacBook laptops. The research methodology includes collecting data from 100 students covering various factors such as user experience, design and portability, technical specifications, price, and security. This data is then classified using the K-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree methods. Furthermore, a confusion matrix is used to provide a more detailed picture of the performance of the two methods. The results of the study show that the Decision Tree method has a higher accuracy (91%) compared to K-Nearest Neighbors (88%). In addition, Decision Tree excels in other metrics such as precision (87.18% vs. 85.71%), recall (89.47% vs. 85.71%), specificity (91.94% vs. 89.66%), and F1-Score (88.31% vs. 85.71%). The decision tree also has a higher NPV value and lower FPR and FNR rates than K-Nearest Neighbors, indicating that it is superior in avoiding misclassification. The study's conclusion is that the Decision Tree method is more effective and accurate than K-Nearest Neighbors in determining students' purchase intentions for MacBook laptops. The decision tree shows better performance in almost all evaluation metrics, making it a more reliable method to use in consumer data analysis. The results of this study are expected to help companies choose a more appropriate and effective analysis method for their marketing strategies, as well as provide a basis for further research in the field of consumer purchase intention classification.
The Influence of Safety Leadership and Working Condition on Safety Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Diksi Narendra Made , Dudija Nidya
Published: October 2024

This systematic literature review aims to evaluate the influence of safety leadership dan working condition on safety behavior. The methodology involved a comprehensive search and selection of peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2023. This research succeeded in reviewing 14 studies originating from 10 different countries and having topics related to safety leadership, working conditions and safety behavior. The results also indicate that safety leadership and working condition have a significant influence on safety behavior, both directly and indirectly. The review also highlights the critical role of organizational support in mitigating work accident rate. The study concludes that addressing safety behavior through strategic interventions and leadership development to enhance safety leadership and working condition related program can prevent work accident. By recognizing and addressing these issues, it is hoped that management will gain a better and more comprehensive understanding of issues related to safety behavior to give organizational support in order to correctly determine safety programs