bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Ti (M2X and M3X2) MXenes for Energy Storage/Conversion
Authors: Hussain Iftikhar , Hanan Abdul , Bibi Faiza , Kewate Onkar Jaywant , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Zhang Kaili
Published: June 2024

MXenes, with a particular emphasis on Ti3C2 (M3X2) have been extensively studied and established as the foundational material for 2D MXenes. However, the exploration of other transitional metals as 2D MXenes holds great promise, offering applications beyond the existing knowledge. Non‐Ti (M2X and M3X2) MXenes have garnered attention due to their distinctive properties. This review article focuses on explaining the potential and challenges of non‐Ti (M2X and M3X2) MXenes in energy storage and conversion systems, specifically in the domains of supercapacitors, batteries (Li‐ion and Li‐S), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). By providing a comprehensive overview of the current progress and addressing the associated challenges, this review offers valuable insights into the future prospects of not only non‐Ti (M2X and M3X2) MXenes but also other MXenes for energy storage and conversion. The findings presented herein pave the way for further research and multifaceted applications of these MXenes across various fields.
Visible Light‐Promoted Mono‐Bromination of Aniline Derivatives and Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds via Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex
Authors: Sun Wenmo , Yang Wenjing , Cheng Hongying , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Guo Zhen
Published: June 2024

We present a successful development of a photo‐induced mono‐bromination method for anilines, which eliminates the requirement for photocatalysts and excess bromine sources. Experimental investigations, complemented by computational analyses, establish that this method operates via the formation of an electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex. This innovative approach enables the synthesis of highly regioselective mono‐brominated products across a diverse range of substrates, all achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Fabrication and application of carrier‐free and carrier‐based nanopesticides in pest management
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Ren Yipeng , Xue Huaijun
Published: June 2024

Pesticides are widely used for pest control to promote sustained and stable growth of agricultural production. However, indiscriminate pesticide usage poses a great threat to environmental and human health. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown the ability to increase the performance of conventional pesticides and has great potential for improving adhesion to crop foliage, solubility, stability, targeted delivery, and so forth. This review discusses two types of nanopesticides, namely, carrier‐free nanopesticides and carrier‐based nanopesticides, that can precisely release necessary and sufficient amounts of active ingredients. At first, the basic characterization and preparation methods of these two distinct types of nanopesticides are briefly summarized. Subsequently, current applications and future perspectives on scientific examples and strategies for promoting the usage efficacy and reducing the environmental risks of these nanopesticides were also described. Overall, nanopesticides can promote higher crop yields and lay the foundation for sustainable agriculture and global food security.
Effect of different exfoliation routes on the properties of chicken feather and elephant grass hybrid biochar
Authors: Ezzat Abdelrahman O. , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Al‐Dhayan Dhaifallah , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. , Micheal Kehinde Temitope , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere , Ogundana Motunrayo R. , Micheal Taiwo Temitayo , Oyekunle Ifeoluwa Peter , Al‐Tilasi Hissah H. , Adeniyi Adewale George
Published: June 2024

Liquid‐phase exfoliation, a technique for enhancing the properties of biochar, has been recognized as effective, circumventing the limitations of other methods such as high expenses, scalability, and complexity. This study explored the synergistic effect achieved by combining chicken feathers with elephant grass to create a composite feedstock for biochar production. The biochar was subjected to liquid‐phase exfoliation using acid and acetone. Elemental analysis indicated that the co‐carbonization of the combined biomass produced an enriched hybrid biochar. The oxygen content in both exfoliation routes (acid and acetone) increased, with an increase and decrease in carbon content in acetone and acid exfoliation, respectively. Textural analysis revealed significant enhancement, with surface areas of the acid‐exfoliated biochar more than twice the size of the hybrid biochar. The pore volume of both exfoliated samples was double that of the hybrid biochar. Microscopic surface examination revealed rougher, porous structures in the exfoliated biochars in comparison with the smooth, cohesive surface in hybrid biochar. Functional group analysis showed the presence of aromatic rings, a carbocyclic group, and an alkene, suggesting potential applications in adsorption. This study provides an efficient method for using liquid‐phase exfoliation to enhance biochar properties, benefiting industries reliant on biochar production and biomass utilization by improving product quality, sustainability, and environmental impact.
Clinical importance of distinguishing true anemia from dilutional pseudo‐anemia: Consequences of a 3‐year follow‐up volume assessment in a heart failure patient
Authors: Schmidt Walter F. J. , Ahlgrim Christoph
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

In chronic heart failure, dilutional anemia and hypervolemia may occur due to plasma volume expansion, the latter sometimes exacerbated by an increase in red cell volume. Diagnosis and a therapeutic strategy require determination of vascular volumes.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Ti Sites in MWW Zeolite in Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Rosso Francesca , Airi Alessia , Signorile Matteo , Bordiga Silvia , Crocellà Valentina , Bonino Francesca
Published: June 2024

Ti‐MWW zeolite is a promising catalyst for partial oxidation reactions. In the present work, a Ti‐MWW sample with high TiO2 loading was synthesized. It was revealed that the Ti insertion in the purely siliceous MWW framework mainly occurs during the post treatment washing with HNO3, when the double structure directing agent synthetic method is used. By exploiting carbon monoxide, acetonitrile, pyridine and ammonia as probe molecules in infrared spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet spectroscopy, the acidic behavior of the Ti sites and the interaction of the Ti sites with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were revealed. The Ti Lewis acid sites showed stronger acidity than the one observed in Titanium Silicalite‐1 (TS‐1), with MFI framework. This is coherent with previously reported results, suggesting that a significative fraction of the Ti sites in Ti‐MWW are TiOH(SiO)3 instead of Ti(OSi)4. The Ti‐peroxo and ‐hydroperoxo complexes formed upon H2O2 were shown to be more labile than in TS‐1 and they were shown to be completely reversible upon calcination.
Advisory groups in realist reviews: Systematically mapping current research and recommendations for practice
Authors: Power Jessica , Dada Sara , Booth Andrew , De Brún Aoife , Gilmore Brynne
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Realist reviews may involve groups or panels external to the research team who provide external and independent perspectives informing the review based on their experience of the topic area. These panels or groups are termed in this study as an “advisory group.” This study aims to map current practice of advisory groups in realist reviews and provide guidance for planning and reporting.

Methods

A “best‐fit” framework synthesis methodology was used by first searching for a best‐fit framework and then conducting a systematic search to identify a sample of realist reviews and rapid realist reviews (RRRs) from the most recent year, 2021. Nine databases were searched: CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science Core Collection. Screening and data extraction was conducted by two researchers. The chosen best‐fit framework (ACTIVE framework) informed the data extraction tool.

Results

One hundred and seven reviews (93 realist reviews, 14 RRRs) were identified for inclusion. Of these, 40% (n = 37) of realist reviews and 71.5% (n = 10) of RRRs mentioned use of an advisory group, though there was considerable variation in terminology used. Individuals in advisory groups were involved at varying stages of the review and tended to bring experience in the topic area from the perspective of (i) a lived experience, i.e., patients, carers, family members (n = 15 realist reviews; n = 4 RRRs); (ii) professional experience, such as healthcare professionals (n = 20 realist reviews; n = 6 RRRs); or (iii) policy or research experience in the topic area (n = 19 realist reviews; n = 7 RRRs).

Conclusions

This study proposes a  definition of advisory groups, considerations for advisory group use, and suggested items for reporting. The purpose of the advisory group should be carefully considered when deciding on their use in a realist review.
Electronic‐Structure Interpretation: How Much Do We Understand Ce L3 XANES?
Authors: Kvashnina Kristina O.
Published: June 2024

Historically, cerium has been attractive for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. The cerium atom has the unique ability to cycle between two chemical states (Ce(III) and Ce(IV)) and drastically adjust its electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f15d16s2 in response to a chemical reaction. Understanding how electrons drive chemical reactions is an important topic. The most direct way of probing the chemical and electronic structure of materials is by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) or X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) in high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode. Such measurements at the Ce L3 edge have the advantage of a high penetration depth, enabling in‐situ reaction studies in a time‐resolved manner and investigation of material production or material performance under specific conditions. But how much do we understand Ce L3 XANES? This article provides an overview of the information that can be extracted from experimental Ce L3 XAS/XANES/HERFD data. A collection of XANES data recorded on various cerium systems in HERFD mode is presented here together with detailed discussions on data analysis and the current status of spectral interpretation, including electronic structure calculations.
Co(II) Macrocyclic Complexes with Amide‐Glycinate Pendants as ParaCEST and Liposomal CEST Agents
Authors: Raymond Jaclyn J. , Chowdhury Md Saiful I. , Crawley Matthew R. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: June 2024

Macrocyclic Co(II) complexes with appended amide‐glycinate groups were prepared to develop paramagnetic Co(II) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents of reduced overall charge. Complexes with reduced charge and lowered osmolarity are important for their loading into liposomes and to provide complexes that are highly water soluble and well tolerated in animals. Co(L1) has two non‐coordinating benzyl groups and two amide‐glycinate pendants, whereas Co(L2) has two unsubstituted amide pendants and two amide‐glycinate pendants on cyclam (1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclododecane). The 1H NMR spectrum of Co(L1) is consistent with a single cis‐pendant isomer with both amide protons in the trans‐configuration, as supported by an X‐ray crystal structure. Co(L2) has a mixture of different isomers in solution, including the trans‐1,4 and 1,8 pendant isomers. The Z‐spectrum of Co(L1) shows one highly‐shifted CEST peak, whereas Co(L2) exhibits six CEST peaks. Encapsulation of 40 mM Co(L1) in a liposome with osmotically‐induced shrinking at 300 mOsm/L produces a liposomal CEST agent with saturation frequency offset of 3 ppm. Addition of the amphiphilic 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐based complex Co(L5) to the liposomal bilayer at 18 mM with Co(L1) encapsulated in the liposome at 50 mM changes the sign and increases the magnitude of the saturation frequency offset to −7.5 ppm at 300 mOsm/L.
Chromium Complexes with Benzanellated N‐Heterocyclic Phosphenium Ligands–Synthesis, Reactivity and Application in Catalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Birchall Nicholas , Hennhöfer Fridolin , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich
Published: June 2024

A chromium complex carrying two benzanellated N‐heterocyclic phosphenium (bzNHP) ligands was prepared by a salt metathesis approach. Spectroscopic studies suggest that the anellation enhances the π‐acceptor ability of the NHP‐units, which is confirmed by the facile electrochemical reduction of the complex to a spectroscopically characterized radical anion. Co‐photolysis with H2 allowed extensive conversion into a σ‐H2‐complex, which shows a diverse reactivity towards donors and isomerizes under H−H bond fission and shift of a hydride to a P‐ligand. The product carrying phosphenium, phosphine and hydride ligands was also synthesized independently and reacts reversibly with CO and MeCN to yield bis‐phosphine complexes under concomitant Cr‐to‐P‐shift of a hydride. In contrast, CO2 was not only bound but reduced to give an isolable formato complex, which reacted with ammonia borane under partial recovery of the metal hydride and production of formate. Further elaboration of the reactions of the chromium complexes with CO2 and NH3BH3 allowed to demonstrate the feasibility of a Cr‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The various complexes described were characterized spectroscopically and in several cases by XRD studies. Further insights in reactivity patterns were provided through (spectro)electrochemical studies and DFT calculations.
Chemical Predictive Modelling and Natural Product‐based Divergent Synthesis – Design of Type B PPAPs with Nanomolar Activities against MRSA
Authors: Peslalz Philipp , Vorbach Andreas , Bleisch Anton , Liberini Elisa , Kraus Frank , Izzo Flavia , Brötz‐Oesterhelt Heike , Götz Friedrich , Plietker Bernd
Published: June 2024

In response to the pressing global challenge of antibiotic resistance, time efficient design and synthesis of novel antibiotics are of immense need. Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAP) were previously reported to effectively combat a range of gram‐positive bacteria. Although the exact mode of action is still not clear, we conceptualized a late‐stage divergent synthesis approach to expand our natural product‐based PPAP library by 30 additional entities to perform SAR studies against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although at this point only data from cellular assays are available and understanding of molecular drug‐target interactions are lacking, the experimental data were used to generate 3D‐QSAR models via an artificial intelligence training and to identify a common pharmacophore model. The experimentally validated QSAR model enabled the estimation of anti‐MRSA activities of a virtual compound library consisting of more than 100,000 in‐silico generated B PPAPs, out of which the 20 most promising candidates were synthesized. These novel PPAPs revealed significantly improved cellular activities against MRSA with growth inhibition down to concentrations less than 1 μm.
Computational intelligence for empirical modelling and optimization of methylene blue adsorption phenomena utilizing an activated carbon‐supported [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 complex
Authors: Landolsi Kamel , Echouchene Fraj , Chouaieb Ines , Alamri Mona A. , Bajahzar Abdullah , Belmabrouk Hafedh
Published: June 2024

The study focuses on the efficiency of hexaamminecobalt (III) chloride (HACo, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3) immobilized on activated carbon for removing methylene blue (MB) from water solutions. The primary objective of this study was to assess the sorption performance of HACo immobilized on activated carbon in removing MB from water solutions. Additionally, predictive models were developed to optimize the MB removal percentage. Lastly, the study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for achieving maximum MB removal. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of MB concentration, adsorbent mass, pH, temperature, and contact time. Predictive models were built using multiple linear regression and neural network techniques, specifically artificial neural networks (ANN) and hybrid ANN–particle swarm optimization (ANN‐PSO). The PSO‐ANN model with a single hidden layer of eight neurons trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm demonstrated high accuracy in predicting MB removal percentage, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 0.083788, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.11441, and R2 = 0.99693. The MB adsorption process followed a mono‐layer with one energy model and a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. Optimization using the genetic algorithm revealed that the maximum MB removal percentage of 99.56% is achievable at an MB concentration of 9.36 mg/L, adsorbent mass of 15.72 mg, and temperature of 311.2 K. The study confirms the effectiveness of HACo immobilized on activated carbon for MB removal. The PSO‐ANN predictive model proved superior in accuracy compared to empirical models. Optimization results provide the optimal conditions for maximizing MB removal, offering valuable insights for practical applications.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD): A contemporary review
Authors: Offen Sophie , Yang Cathevine , Saw Jacqueline
Published: June 2024

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of myocardial infarction that most frequently affects younger women, making it an important cause of morbidity and mortality within these demographics. The evolution of intracoronary imaging, improved diagnosis with coronary angiography, and ongoing research efforts and attention via social media, has led to increasing recognition of this previously underdiagnosed condition. In this review, we provide a summary of the current body of knowledge, as well as focused updates on the pathogenesis of SCAD, insights on genetic susceptibility, contemporary diagnostic tools, and immediate, short‐ and long‐term management.
Pharmacogenetics of Efavirenz Exposure in Cervicovaginal Fluid during Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Eniayewu Oluwasegun , Azuka Uche , Ogah Jonah , Adejuyigbe Ebunoluwa , Bolaji Oluseye , Olagunju Adeniyi
Published: June 2024

In this study, we investigated the combined influence of pregnancy and genetic polymorphisms on efavirenz pharmacokinetics in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) of women receiving antiretroviral therapy. Women receiving efavirenz‐containing antiretroviral therapy were recruited from two hospitals in Nigeria during 2017–2020. Sparse CVF and plasma samples were obtained during pregnancy to assess the possible association between drug concentration and CYP2B6 polymorphisms (stage I). Participants were stratified into three CYP2B6 516G>T (rs3745274) genotype groups and re‐enrolled for intensive pharmacokinetic sampling (stage II). Overall, 159 women (142 pregnant and 12 postpartum) contributed samples in stage I (88 CVF, 81 plasma and 73 paired). CYP2B6 516G>T (rs3745274) remained independently associated with log10 efavirenz CVF concentration during pregnancy after adjusting for plasma concentration, with β (Log10 efavirenz concentration, 95%CI) of 0.204 (0.027, 0.382), P = 0.025). Median (IQR) efavirenz C
min in CVF during pregnancy (n = 12) vs. postpartum (n = 12) was 243 ng/mL (168–402) vs. 447 ng/mL (159–974), C
max was 1,031 ng/mL (595–1,771) vs. 1,618 ng/mL (675–2,695), and AUC0‐24h was 16,465 ng.h/mL (9,356–30,417) vs. 30,715 ng.h/mL (10,980–43,714). CVF‐to‐plasma AUC ratio was 0.36 during pregnancy and 0.46 postpartum. Upon stratification, efavirenz clearance during pregnancy was 57.9% higher than postpartum in patients with the CYP2B6 516GT genotype; the AUC0‐24h and C
max were 33.8% and 8.6% lower, respectively. Efavirenz C
min in CVF exceeded the protein binding‐adjusted IC90 (PBIC90) of 126 ng/mL during pregnancy and postpartum. Efavirenz is well distributed into the CVF; both pregnancy and CYP2B6 polymorphisms affect the extent of exposure.
The drivers of nonfinancial disclosure quality: A systematic literature review analysis
Authors: Latella Pasquale , Veltri Stefania
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the current state of research on the determinants of nonfinancial disclosure quality (NFDQ). The systematic literature review analysis applied in the study is based on the systematic literature review principles, and on bibliographic analysis and manual content analysis instruments to highlight the key factors that have been studied for their impact on NFDQ. These factors include firm‐related drivers (i.e., ESG‐related drivers and other firm‐related drivers), the characteristics of nonfinancial reports, (assurance, type of report, and sustainability guidelines) and country level determinants (nonfinancial regulation). In addition to summarizing the current state of knowledge, this study identifies gaps in the existing literature and offers valuable suggestions for future research directions.
Prediction of clinical risk assessment and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhou Dansha , Liu Chunli , Wang Lan , Li JiFeng , Zhao Yating , Deng Zheng , Hou Chi , Fu Yingyun , Jiang Qian , Lai Ning , Zhang Rui , Feng Weici , Gao Chuhui , Li Xiang , Jiang Mei , Fu Xin , Chen Jiyuan , Hong Wei , Xu Lei , He Wenjun , Liu Jinming , Yang YuanHua , Lu Wenju , Zhong Nanshan , Cao Yunshan , Wang Jian , Chen Yuqin
Published: June 2024

Background

Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of disease exacerbation and decreased survival. We aimed to develop and validate a non‐invasive nomogram for predicting COPD associated with severe PH and a prognostic nomogram for patients with COPD and concurrent PH (COPD–PH).

Methods

This study included 535 patients with COPD–PH from six hospitals. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the risk factors for severe PH in patients with COPD and a multivariate Cox regression was used for the prognostic factors of COPD–PH. Performance was assessed using calibration, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and decision analysis curves. Kaplan–Meier curves were used for a survival analysis. The nomograms were developed as online network software.

Results

Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, right ventricular diameter, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), the red blood cell count, New York Heart Association functional class and sex were non‐invasive independent variables of severe PH in patients with COPD. These variables were used to construct a risk assessment nomogram with good discrimination. NT‐proBNP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, partial pressure of arterial oxygen, the platelet count and albumin were independent prognostic factors for COPD–PH and were used to create a predictive nomogram of overall survival rates.

Conclusions

The proposed nomograms based on a large sample size of patients with COPD–PH could be used as non‐invasive clinical tools to enhance the risk assessment of severe PH in patients with COPD and for the prognosis of COPD–PH. Additionally, the online network has the potential to provide artificial intelligence‐assisted diagnosis and treatment.

Highlights

A multicentre study with a large sample of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients diagnosed with PH through right heart catheterisation.

A non‐invasive online clinical tool for assessing severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in COPD.

The first risk assessment tool was established for Chinese patients with COPD–PH.
Serum copper assessment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and tubal infertility: A retrospective 5‐year study
Authors: Liu Yanping , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhenxing , Zheng Aiyan , Liang Baoquan , Li Hong , Meng Qingxia
Published: June 2024

The association between serum copper and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) lacks definitive conclusions, and the intricate interactions with in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle characteristics in infertility remain insufficiently explored. This retrospective study included 560 patients with tubal infertility (no‐PCOS) and 266 patients with PCOS undergoing IVF at the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. Patients' basic characteristics, hormonal and metabolic parameters, essential trace elements, and IVF cycle characteristics were measured and analyzed. The results revealed a significantly elevated serum copper level in the PCOS group compared to the control group [17.27 (15.54, 19.67) vs 15.4 (13.87, 17.35), μmol/L; p < .001]. Spearman correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between serum copper concentration and body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose (FG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in the no‐PCOS group. Additionally, a notable negative correlation with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) was observed (r = −.184, p < .001). Within the PCOS group, serum copper concentration correlated significantly with BMI (r = .198, p = .004) and TG (r = .214, p = .002). The linear trend analysis indicated no significant relationship between serum copper concentration and ovarian response as well as preimplantation outcomes in both groups after adjusting for confounding factors. Our study provided evidence of elevated serum copper concentration in PCOS patients, closely associated with lipid metabolism but showing no correlation with IVF outcomes. These findings provide valuable real‐world data, enriching our nuanced understanding of the role of copper in female fertility.
Prodromal or mild Alzheimer's disease: Influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and premordid personality on caregivers' burden
Authors: Dorey J. M. , Pongan E. , Padovan C. , Chaillet A. , Herrmann M. , Krolak‐Salmon P. , Rouch I.
Published: June 2024

Objective

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the burden on caregivers is influenced by various factors, including the stage of disease progression and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). To date, there has been limited research examining how patient's premorbid personality could affect this burden. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of both premorbid personality and NPS in individuals with prodromal to mild AD on their caregivers' burden.

Method

One hundred eighty participants with prodromal or mild AD drown from the PACO (in French: Personnalité Alzheimer COmportement) cohort were included. Personality was assessed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were measured with the short version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI‐Q), and caregiver burden was evaluated with the Zarit burden scale. Relationships between personality, Neuro‐Psychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores, and caregiver burden were determined using multivariate linear regressions controlled for age, sex, educational level, and Mini Mental State Examination.

Results

The total NPI score was related to increased burden (beta = 0.45; p < 0.001). High level of neuroticism (beta = 0.254; p = 0.003) et low level of conscientiousness (beta = ‐ 0.233; p = 0.005) were associated higher burden. Extraversion (beta = −0.185; p = 0.027) and conscientiousness (beta = −0.35; p = 0.006) were negatively associated with burden. In contrast, neuroticism, openness and agreeableness were not correlated with burden. When adjusted on total NPI score, the relationship between extraversion and conscientiousness didn't persist.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that premorbid personality of patients with prodromal to mild Alzheimer influence caregivers's burden, with a protective effect of a high level of extraversion and conscientiousness.
Progress in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products in Brazil: An overview of aquatic organism proposals
Authors: Cione Ana Paola , Santos Gustavo Souza , Casallanovo Fábio
Published: June 2024

Since 2019, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) has actively developed pesticide environmental risk assessment (ERA) frameworks adapted to Brazil's specific ecological contexts. This endeavor, supported by funding from the Brazilian Ministry of Justice and in partnership with academic institutions, has led to a concerted effort to establish ERA protocols for various taxa, including birds and mammals, soil organisms, aquatic organisms, and reptiles and amphibians. The outcomes of this initiative were conveyed in two workshops held in February and November 2023, during which the agency communicated its findings to the technical-regulatory community. This article represents one of two articles that provide more detailed insights into the ERA propositions for all taxa. In this article, we summarize the proposals for aquatic organisms presented and discussed during the workshops, which can be used as an informational source by the technical-regulatory community. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1787–1792. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

This brief communication summarizes the proposals for pesticide environmental risk assessment for aquatic organisms presented during a two-day workshop held by the Brazilian environmental agency (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) in November 2023.
Supramolecular Approaches to the Detoxification of Nerve Agents
Authors: Kubik Stefan
Published: June 2024

A promising, but not yet practiced, approach to the treatment of neurotoxic organophosphate poisoning is the administration of a scavenger that rapidly deactivates the nerve agent before it can exert its toxic effects. The detoxification rates required for successful use of this therapy can currently only be achieved with enzymes, but synthetic scavengers, whose mode of action is based on key concepts of supramolecular chemistry, are an attractive alternative. Considerable progress has recently been made in the development of such scavengers, and compounds from several receptor classes are now available that not only bind nerve agents but also degrade them at promising rates. This review provides an overview of the field and highlights recent developments.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational studies of thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as triple mutant allosteric EGFR inhibitors
Authors: Shinde Sonali S. , Sarkate Aniket P. , Rathod Sanket S. , Kilbile Jaydeo T. , Chaudhari Somdatta Y. , Yadala Rajesh , Pawar Smita C. , Wakte Pravin S.
Published: June 2024

Herein, new thiazole‐2‐yl‐based hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and assessed for in vitro anticancer activity against wild type A549, MCF7, DU145, and mutant H1975 cancer cell lines by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among all, 4‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐(2‐((4‐methylthiazol‐5‐yl)methylene)hydrazineyl)thiazole (4b) elicited prominent anticancer activity against wild‐type epidermal growth factor receptor (WT‐EGFR) MCF7 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 9.57 ± 1.80 μM, whereas 4‐Methyl‐5‐((2‐(4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)thiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)thiazole (4c) showed appreciable activity with an IC50 value of 11 ± 0.7 μM against the mutated EGFR H1975 lung cancer cells. Doxorubicin and Osimertinib were used as the standard drugs for comparison of activity. Compound (4b) significantly increased early apoptosis (30.2%) and late apoptosis (7.6%) at a 5 μM concentration in comparison with the control (early apoptosis 2.5%, late apoptosis 1.2%). The molecular docking study was performed against mutant EGFR (T790M/C797S) (PDB: 5D41) enzyme to gain information about interactions of synthesized molecules with binding pockets. Moreover, ADME study and molecular dynamic simulation studies were accomplished to gain insight into drug‐likeness and conformational stability, respectively. The findings demonstrate a promising alignment between the observed anticancer effects and computational analyses.
Association between preoperative phase angle and all‐cause mortality after cardiovascular surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shibata Kenichi , Kameshima Masataka , Adachi Takuji , Kito Hisako , Tanaka Chikako , Sano Taisei , Tanaka Mizuki , Suzuki Yoriyasu , Tamaki Mototsugu , Kitamura Hideki
Published: June 2024

Background

The importance of preoperative physical function assessment for post‐operative intervention has been reported in older patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Phase angle (PhA), measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, is an indicator of cellular health and integrity and is reported as a prognostic factor in several chronic diseases; however, its association with the long‐term prognosis of cardiovascular surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PhA for long‐term mortality in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent elective cardiovascular surgery between October 2016 and March 2021 at Nagoya Heart Center, Japan. PhA was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis before surgery, and physical function measures (gait speed, grip strength and short physical performance battery [SPPB]) were measured synchronously. The association between PhA and all‐cause mortality after discharge was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The incremental prognostic value of PhA was compared with other physical function measures using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results

A total of 858 patients were included in the present analysis (mean age = 68.4 ± 11.9 years, 67.6% male). PhA positively correlated with body mass index (ρ = 0.38, P < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass index (ρ = 0.58, P < 0.001), usual gait speed (ρ = 0.44, P < 0.001), grip strength (ρ = 0.73, P < 0.001) and SPPB (ρ = 0.51, P < 0.001). The mean follow‐up period, within which 44 (4.7%) died, was 908.9 ± 499.9 days for the entire cohort. Kaplan–Meier survival curves based on the PhA tertiles showed that higher PhA was associated with better survival (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). The Cox regression analysis showed the independent association of PhA with mortality risk (hazard ratio: 0.91 per 0.1° increment; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.95; P < 0.001). The NRI and IDI showed significant improvements in predicting mortality after adding PhA to the clinical model consisting of age, sex and cardiac and renal function (NRI: 0.426, 95% CI: 0.124–0.729, P = 0.006; IDI: 0.037, 95% CI: 0.012–0.062, P = 0.003). The predictive model consisting of the clinical model and PhA was superior to the model consisting of the clinical model and each of the other physical function indicators (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

PhA correlated with physical function and independently predicted long‐term mortality after cardiovascular surgery. The additive prognostic value of PhA compared with the other physical function measures suggests the clinical usefulness of preoperative PhA for risk stratification in planning post‐operative treatment and rehabilitation.
The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCX3 mediates Ca2+ entry into matrix vesicles to facilitate initial steps of mineralization in osteoblasts
Authors: Sheikh Irshad A. , Midura‐Kiela Monica T. , Herchuelz André , Sokolow Sophie , Kiela Pawel R. , Ghishan Fayez K.
Published: June 2024

Matrix vesicles (MVs) provide the initial site for amorphous hydroxyapatite (HA) formation within mineralizing osteoblasts. Although Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoform‐3 (NCX3, SLC8A3) was presumed to function as major Ca2+ transporter responsible for Ca2+ extrusion out of osteoblast into the calcifying bone matrix, its presence and functional role in MVs have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NCX3 in MV‐mediated mineralization process and its impact on bone formation. Using differentiated MC3T3‐E1 cells, we demonstrated that NCX3 knockout in these cells resulted in a significant reduction of Ca2+ deposition due to reduced Ca2+ entry within the MVs, leading to impaired mineralization. Consequently, the capacity of MVs to promote extracellular HA formation was diminished. Moreover, primary osteoblast isolated from NCX3 deficient mice (NCX3−/−) exhibits reduced mineralization efficacy without any effect on osteoclast activity. To validate this in vitro finding, μCT analysis revealed a substantial decrease in trabecular bone mineral density in both genders of NCX3−/− mice, thus supporting the critical role of NCX3 in facilitating Ca2+ uptake into the MVs to initiate osteoblast‐mediated mineralization. NCX3 expression was also found to be the target of downregulation by inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo. This newfound understanding of NCX3's functional role in MVs opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing bone mineralization and treating mineralization‐related disorders.
Multiple myeloma in Latin America: A systematic review
Authors: de Moraes Hungria Vania Tietsche , Peña Camila , Gómez‐Almaguer David , Martínez‐Cordero Humberto , Schütz Natalia Paola , Blunk Vivian
Published: June 2024

The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) has surged globally, particularly in Latin American countries, and is attributable to an aging population and increased life expectancy. This systematic review analyzes the epidemiology, patient characteristics, and treatment outcomes for MM in selected Latin American countries: Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. PubMed and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), conference abstracts (between June 2019 and June 2022), and GLOBOCAN registry (January 2010 to June 2022) were electronically searched. Qualitative analysis employed the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. Among the 586 screened articles, 26 met the inclusion criteria. The participants’ median age ranged from 54 to 67 years. GLOBOCAN data revealed that for MM, Brazil and Uruguay had the highest and lowest incidence, 5‐year prevalence, and mortality, respectively. Immunoglobulin G was the most common subtype detected. Stage III was frequently diagnosed. Though many approved drugs are available and bispecific antibodies hold promise as a future therapy, limited access, especially for CAR‐T cell‐based therapy remains a concern. The incidence of MM is increasing in Latin America. Resource constraints and costs hinder access to novel drugs and regimens. Understanding disease patterns and patient characteristics is vital to improve MM management in these countries.
Evolution of an Overlapped Bandgap and Topological Flat Bands in a Higher‐Order Valley Photonic Insulator Based on Dendritic Structure
Authors: Li Meize , Liu Yahong , Tao Liyun , Ma Shaojie , Dong Yibao , Li Zhenfei , Du Lianlian , Guo Yao , Song Kun , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: June 2024

Robust edge states and corner states in photonic topological insulators provide effective ways to manipulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Bandgaps of the previously reported photonic topological insulators are independent of each other. In this paper, a higher‐order valley photonic insulator composed of arrays of dendritic structure is designed. The band structure shows an overlapped bandgap is observed, and the overlapped bandgap divides the band structure into three bandgaps. The evolution of the overlapped bandgap is investigated by changing the geometric parameters and increasing the fractal to break the C3v symmetry drastically. Besides, it is notable that the band structure of the proposed valley photonic insulator is flat bands. It is demonstrated that undistorted transmission can be observed as a plane electromagnetic wave transmits through the proposed valley photonic insulator. The interface consisting of two valley photonic structures with distinct topological nontrivial phases is constructed. Edge states and corner states with strong energy localization are obtained in multi‐band frequencies. Remarkably, two triangular structures with different Wannier center configurations both have corner states in the same bandgap, which does not obey the valley selectivity. The phenomenon is caused by the weak valley locking property due to the overlapped bandgap. The proposed valley photonic insulators are expected to benefit applications in optical devices such as topological lasers.
Higher‐Order Topological Corner States in a Specially Distorted Photonic Kagome Lattice
Authors: Zhong Qi , Liang Yongsheng , Xia Shiqi , Gao Shenyi , Song Limin , Hou Fucheng , Tang Liqin , Song Daohong , Chen Zhigang
Published: June 2024

Kagome lattices have garnered significant interest over the decades due to their rich physics and implications for exotic superconductors and topological materials. In particular, the so‐called “breathing Kagome lattice” (BKL) is often used as a prototypical model to understand higher‐order topological insulators. Here it is demonstrated that higher‐order corner states exist in a specially distorted Kagome lattice, resembling the “Inverse Hexagram” lattice distortion originally introduced in the study of charge density waves in Kagome metals. Importantly, it is found that such an Inverse Hexagram‐like Kagome lattice with C6 rotational symmetry hosts two types of in‐gap corner states, in contrast to a flat‐cutting BKL of C3 symmetry that supports only one type of corner state under the tight‐binding condition. It is shown that the nontrivial corner states exhibit a fractional corner anomaly, revealing the feature of higher‐order topology. Using laser‐written waveguide lattices as a photonic platform, these two types of corner states are experimentally observed, along with a direct comparison with the corner excitation at their trivial counterparts. Experimental observations are further corroborated by numerical simulations and stability analysis under random perturbation. These results may prove relevant and applicable to similar phenomena in other Kagome platforms beyond photonics.
Blue‐Light‐Excitable Broadband Ca3Ga2Ge3O12:Cr3+,Ni2+ Phosphor for the Applications in NIR‐II Window
Authors: Zhao Fangyi , Shao Yuhe , Liu Quanlin , Zhong Jiasong
Published: June 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED) light sources in the second NIR window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) have sparked great interest for their emerging applications in non‐destructive detection and medical diagnostics fields. However, the development of efficient NIR‐II phosphors that can be excited by commercial blue LED chips remains a significant challenge, and thus impeding the applications of NIR pc‐LED. Herein, a blue‐light‐excitable broadband NIR‐II luminescence of Ni2+ is achieved upon incorporating Cr3+ and Ni2+ into the Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 (CGGO) host simultaneously. Through the energy transfer from Cr3+ to Ni2+, CGGO:Cr3+,Ni2+ phosphor presents the improved NIR‐II emission peaking at 1470 nm under 460 nm blue light excitation. The internal/external quantum efficiency values are significantly improved from 13.8%/3.3% to 24.6%/13.3% along with the enhanced luminescence thermal stability. Finally, a NIR pc‐LED is fabricated by combining CGGO:Cr3+,Ni2+ phosphor with 450 nm blue chip, and its potential applications in non‐destructive examination and biomedical imaging fields have been demonstrated. The strategy of Cr3+ and Ni2+ co‐doping solves the problem that Ni2+ luminescence cannot be effectively excited by blue light and provides the design insights to exploit more ultra‐broadband NIR pc‐LEDs based on blue LED chips.
Quantifying intergranular corrosion susceptibility in AA2098‐T351 weldments through friction stir welding
Authors: Milagre Mariana X. , Donatus Uyime , Mogili Naga V. , Machado Caruline S. C. , Araujo João Victor. S. , Silva Rejane Maria P. , Antunes Renato A. , Farooq Sajid , Costa Isolda
Published: June 2024

In this study, the intergranular corrosion (IGC) susceptibility of AA2098‐T351 welds, fabricated through friction stir welding (FSW), was systematically evaluated. The evaluation employed American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) G110‐92 practice and electrochemical impedance measurements, with comparative analyses against unwelded alloys (BS). The key findings depicted that FSW‐induced microstructure changes significantly influenced IGC susceptibility across different zones. Zones affected by FSW presented distinct susceptibilities compared with the base metal (BM). The ASTM G110‐92 test effectively differentiated the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) into segments with changing corrosion resistances based on welding temperature gradients. Cross‐sectional analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques correlated corrosion characteristics with microstructural features identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Overall, FSW‐induced microstructural alterations emerged as a predominant factor influencing the varying susceptibilities of different zones to IGC, and electrochemical impedance measurements (EIS) validated the findings from ASTM G110‐92 practice.
Atmospheric corrosion of AISI‐1020 carbon steel in a very aggressive coastal zone of Havana, Cuba. Determination of corrosivity category using three ways of assessment
Authors: Castañeda Abel , Valdés Cecilia , Corvo Francisco , Pech Ildefonso , Marrero Rigoberto
Published: June 2024

The Cuban coastal line is reported to be one of the most aggressive in the world. Three ways to estimate corrosivity category of the atmosphere were considered. The influence of meteorological parameters on chloride deposition rate in saline solution form was considered as a first way. Corrosion rate calculated by dose response function is considered a second way. It was confirmed that atmospheric corrosion of AISI‐1020 carbon steel is influenced by and in salt solution form. A critical level from which could increase was estimated. The presence of typical crystalline phases of carbon steel confirmed that formation mechanism led to cracking of the corrosion products layer. It justified the increase of rcorr as a function of time until reaching a very high (C5) corrosivity category as the third assessment way. was predicted up to 20 years of exposure. A correspondence between the three assessment ways existed.
Discovery of a de novo ITPR1 missense mutation in a patient with early‐onset cerebellar ataxia: A rare case report of spinocerebellar ataxia 29
Authors: In Lee Jae , Choi Ja Young , Yang Shin‐Seung
Published: June 2024

Background

Spinocerebellar ataxia 29 (SCA29) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by early‐onset ataxia, gross motor delay, and infantile hypotonia, and is primarily associated with variants in the ITPR1 gene. Cases of SCA29 in Asia are rarely reported, limiting our understanding of this disease.

Methods

A female Korean infant, demonstrating clinical features of SCA29, underwent evaluation and rehabilitation at our outpatient clinic from the age of 3 months to the current age of 4 years. Trio‐based genome sequencing tests were performed on the patient and her biological parents.

Results

The infant initially presented with macrocephaly, hypotonia, and nystagmus, with nonspecific findings on initial neuroimaging. Subsequent follow‐up revealed gross motor delay, early onset ataxia, strabismus, and cognitive impairment. Further neuroimaging revealed atrophy of the cerebellum and vermis, and genetic analysis revealed a de novo pathogenic heterozygous c.800C>T, p.Thr267Met missense mutation in the ITPR1 gene (NM_001378452.1).

Conclusion

This is the first reported case of SCA29 in a Korean patient, expanding the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of ITPR1‐related ataxias. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing early‐onset ataxic symptoms, central hypotonia, and gross motor delays with poor ocular fixation, cognitive deficits, and isolated cerebellar atrophy as crucial clinical indicators of SCA29.