bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Progresses of Flash Evaporation in Aerospace Applications
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhai Siping , Zhang Ping , Xian Yaoqi , Zhang Lina , Shi Rui , Sheng Jiang , Liu Bo , Wu Zonglin
Published: December 2018

Liquid is overheated and evaporated quickly when it enters into the environment with lower saturation pressure than that corresponding to its initial temperature. This phenomenon is known as the flash evaporation. A natural low-pressure environment and flash evaporation have unique characteristics and superiority in high altitude and outer space. Therefore, flash evaporation is widely used in aerospace. In this paper, spray flash evaporation and jet flash evaporation which are two different forms were introduced. Later, key attentions were paid to applications of flash evaporation in aerospace. For example, the flash evaporation has been used in the thermal control system of an aircraft and the propelling system of a microsatellite and oil supply system of a rocket motor. Finally, the latest progresses in the calculation model and numerical simulation of flash evaporation were elaborated.
Simplified Dark Matter Models
Authors: Morgante Enrico
Published: December 2018

I review the construction of simplified models for dark matter searches. After discussing the philosophy and some simple examples, I turn the attention to the aspect of the theoretical consistency and to the implications of the necessary extensions of these models.
Radar Selection Method Based on an Improved Information Filter in the LPI Radar Network
Authors: Zhang Zhenkai , Zhang Bing , Xie Zhibin , Yang Yi
Published: December 2018

In order to save the radar resources and obtain the better low probability intercept ability in the network, a novel radar selection method for target tracking based on improved interacting multiple model information filtering (IMM-IF) is presented. Firstly, the relationship model between radar resource and tracking accuracy is built, and the IMM-IF method is presented. Then, the information gain of every radar is predicted according to the IMM-IF, and the radars with larger information gain are selected to track target. Finally, the weight parameters for the tracking fusion are designed after the error covariance prediction of every working radar, in order to improve the IMM-IF. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only saves much more radar resources than other methods but also has excellent tracking accuracy.
Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Model Implicates Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor Signaling as Driver of Cancer-induced Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Wilson Hannah E. , Rhodes Kacey K. , Rodriguez Daniel , Chahal Ikttesh , Stanton David A. , Bohlen Joseph , Davis Mary , Infante Aniello M. , Hazard-Jenkins Hannah , Klinke David J. , Pugacheva Elena N. , Pistilli Emidio E.
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

This study tested the hypothesis that a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model would recapitulate the common clinical phenomenon of breast cancer–induced skeletal muscle (SkM) fatigue in the absence of muscle wasting. This study additionally sought to identify drivers of this condition to facilitate the development of therapeutic agents for patients with breast cancer experiencing muscle fatigue.

Experimental Design:

Eight female BC-PDOX–bearing mice were produced via transplantation of tumor tissue from 8 female patients with breast cancer. Individual hind limb muscles from BC-PDOX mice were isolated at euthanasia for RNA-sequencing, gene and protein analyses, and an ex vivo muscle contraction protocol to quantify tumor-induced aberrations in SkM function. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the BC-PDOX mice relative to control mice were identified using DESeq2, and multiple bioinformatics platforms were employed to contextualize the DEGs.

Results:

We found that SkM from BC-PDOX–bearing mice showed greater fatigability than control mice, despite no differences in absolute muscle mass. PPAR, mTOR, IL6, IL1, and several other signaling pathways were implicated in the transcriptional changes observed in the BC-PDOX SkM. Moreover, 3 independent in silico analyses identified PPAR signaling as highly dysregulated in the SkM of both BC-PDOX–bearing mice and human patients with early-stage nonmetastatic breast cancer.

Conclusions:

Collectively, these data demonstrate that the BC-PDOX model recapitulates the expected breast cancer–induced SkM fatigue and further identify aberrant PPAR signaling as an integral factor in the pathology of this condition.
NF-κB and Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Form a Positive Feedback Loop that Regulates DNA Repair in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Li Ding , Luo Yufei , Chen Xianling , Zhang LingYu , Wang Tingting , Zhuang Yingting , Fan Yingjuan , Xu Jianhua , Chen Yuanzhong , Wu Lixian
Published: December 2018

NF-κB mediates acquired resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells treated with DNA-damaging agents. Because DNA repair is the major molecular shift that alters sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, we explored whether activation of the NF-κB pathway promotes AML cell survival by regulating DNA repair after chemotherapy. Our results showed that RELA, an important subunit of NF-κB, regulated DNA repair by binding to the promoter region of the PARP1 gene and affecting PARP1 gene transcription. Conversely, PARP1 knockdown reduced NF-κB activity, indicating that NF-κB and PARP1 create a positive feedback loop in DNA repair. Simultaneous treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor BMS-345541 and the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib resulted in robust killing of AML cells. This dual inhibition significantly suppressed tumor growth and extended survival times in xenograft tumor models.

Implications:

RELA and PARP1 form a positive feedback loop to regulate DNA damage repair, simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB and PARP1 increases the antileukemic efficacy of daunorubicin in vitro and in vivo, broadening the use of PARP1 inhibitors.
O pulo do gato da indústria da cultura
Authors: Camargo Cristina Moura Emboaba da Costa Julião de
Published: December 2018

Discussão crítica sobre as manifestações musicais produzidas para o consumo industrializado, destacando suas especificidades e usos, da informalidade espontânea ao controle mercadológico/ideológico da indústria da cultura (ADORNO, 1944) e do entretenimento dirigido, suas consequências e perspectivas na sociedade contemporânea de sensibilidade adestrada e gosto nivelado.  Em contrapartida, o universo transgressor da arte e o impacto do ensino da música enquanto linguagem (compreensão da obra e a construção do gosto e do juízo estético) como possibilidades de formação crítica e resistência à essa estrutura de controle e de consumo.
Kasetsartra Pinkaew (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), a new genus from Thailand with the description of its type species
Authors: PINKAEW NANTASAK
Published: December 2018

Kasetsartra, gen. nov., is described from Thailand based on the type species, Kasetsartra fasciaura, sp. nov. Kasetsartra is characterized by a unique wing pattern, a conspicuous uncus in the male genitalia, and a dorsally expanded corpus bursae in the female genitalia. Adults, wing venation, and genitalia are illustrated, and their structure suggests a position in the tribe Enarmoniini.
Description of the male of Darditilla araxa (Cresson, 1902) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with geographical distribution, biological notes and key to males of Brazil
Authors: LOPEZ VINICIUS M. , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER , TRAD BHRENNO M. , SILVESTRE ROGERIO
Published: December 2018

The previously unknown male of Darditilla araxa is here described based on association with females in copula. We also present a map with its geographical distribution, additional biological notes and a key for known Brazilian males of Darditilla.
Description of adults and immature stages of Antipodoecia Mosely from Australia and synonymy of the families Antipodoeciidae and Anomalopsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Authors: CLAIR ROSALIND M. ST , DEAN JOHN C. , FLINT OLIVER S. Jr
Published: December 2018

The female, larva, and pupa of Antipodoecia Mosely from Australia are described, males re-examined and briefly described. Similarities with other trichopteran families are discussed. Based on morphological synapomorphies of males, females, pupae, and larvae, we infer that the genera Antipodoecia, Anomalopsyche, and Contulma share an immediate common ancestor, although relationships among these genera remain unresolved. Consequently, the Neotropical family Anomalopsychidae is a junior synonym of Antipodoeciidae from Australia.
Evaluation of Reanalyses over British Columbia. Part II: Daily and Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Odon Pedro , West Gregory , Stull Roland
Published: December 2018

This study evaluates how well reanalyses represent daily and multiday accumulated precipitation (hereinafter daily PCP) over British Columbia, Canada (Part I evaluated 2-m temperature). Reanalyses are compared with observations from 66 meteorological stations distributed over the complex terrain of British Columbia, separated into climate regions byk-means clustering. Systematic error, two-sampleχ2statistic, and frequency of daily PCP occurrence are evaluated from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and the latest Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (version 2; MERRA-2). The 2- and 30-yr return levels of daily PCP are estimated from a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by the method of L moments, and their systematic errors are analyzed. JRA-55 and MERRA-2 generally outperform ERA-Interim and CFSR across all metrics. Biases are largely explained by poor reanalysis representation of terrain characteristics such as steepness, exposure, elevation, location of barriers, and wind speed and direction. Statistical stationarity of precipitation intensity and frequency over the 30-yr period is assessed by using confidence intervals and GEV distributions fitted with and without time-dependent parameters. It is determined that stationary distributions are sufficient to represent the climate of daily PCP for this region and time period.
Drought Characteristics and Propagation in the Semiarid Heihe River Basin in Northwestern China
Authors: Ma Feng , Luo Lifeng , Ye Aizhong , Duan Qingyun
Published: December 2018

Meteorological and hydrological droughts can bring different socioeconomic impacts. In this study, we investigated meteorological and hydrological drought characteristics and propagation using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized streamflow index (SSI), over the upstream and midstream of the Heihe River basin (UHRB and MHRB, respectively). The correlation analysis and cross-wavelet transform were adopted to explore the relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts in the basin. Three modeling experiments were performed to quantitatively understand how climate change and human activities influence hydrological drought and propagation. Results showed that meteorological drought characteristics presented little difference between UHRB and MHRB, while hydrological drought events are more frequent in the MHRB. In the UHRB, there were positive relationships between meteorological and hydrological droughts, whereas drought events became less frequent but longer when meteorological drought propagated into hydrological drought. Human activities have obviously changed the positive correlation to negative in the MHRB, especially during warm and irrigation seasons. The propagation time varied with seasonal climate characteristics and human activities, showing shorter values due to higher evapotranspiration, reservoir filling, and irrigation. Quantitative evaluation showed that climate change was inclined to increase streamflow and propagation time, contributing from −57% to 63%. However, more hydrological droughts and shorter propagation time were detected in the MHRB because human activities play a dominant role in water consumption with contribution rate greater than (−)89%. This study provides a basis for understanding the mechanism of hydrological drought and for the development of improved hydrological drought warning and forecasting system in the HRB.
Regional Swell Transformation by Backward Ray Tracing and SWAN
Authors: Crosby Sean C. , Kumar N. , O’Reilly W. C. , Guza R. T.
Published: December 2018

Beach erosion and wave-induced flooding models are often initialized in O(10)-m depth, seaward of the surfzone, with wave conditions estimated from regional nonlinear spectral wave models [e.g., Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)]. These models are computationally expensive for high-resolution, long-term regional O(100)-km hindcasts, and they limit examination of the effect of different climate scenarios on nearshore processes. Alternatively, computationally fast models with reduced linear wave physics enable long-term hindcasts at high spatial (<100 m) resolution. Linear models, that efficiently transform complete spectral details from deep water through complex offshore bathymetry, are appropriate for low-frequency swell wave energy propagation. Here, two numerically different linear methods are compared: backward ray-tracing and stationary linear SWAN simulations. The methods yield similar transformations from deep water (seaward of offshore islands in Southern California) to the nearshore, O(10)-m depth. However, SWAN is sensitive to model spatial resolution, especially in highly sheltered regions, where with typical (1–2 km) resolution SWAN estimates of nearshore energy vary by over a factor of 2 relative to ray tracing. Alongshore radiation stress estimates from SWAN and ray tracing also differ, and in some cases the climatological means have opposite signs. Increasing the SWAN resolution to 90 m, higher than usually applied to regional models, yields the nearshore transforms most similar to ray tracing. Both accurate rays and high-resolution SWAN require significant computation time; however, ray tracing is more efficient if transforms are needed at relatively few locations (compared with every grid point), or if computer memory is limited. Though presently less user friendly than SWAN, ray tracing is not affected by numerical diffusion or limited by model domain size or spatial resolution.
Mid-Infrared Polarization Spectroscopy Measurements of Species Concentrations and Temperature in a Low-Pressure Flame
Authors: Sahlberg Anna-Lena , Hot Dina , Lyngbye-Pedersen Rasmus , Zhou Jianfeng , Aldén Marcus , Li Zhongshan
Published: December 2018

We demonstrate quantitative measurements of methane (CH4) mole fractions in a low-pressure fuel-rich premixed dimethyl ether/oxygen/argon flat flame (Φ = 1.87, 37 mbar) using mid-infrared (IR) polarization spectroscopy (IRPS). Non-intrusive in situ detection of CH4, acetylene (C2H2), and ethane (C2H6) in the flame was realized by probing the fundamental asymmetric C–H stretching vibration bands in the respective molecules in the spectral range 2970–3340 cm−1. The flame was stabilized on a McKenna-type porous plug burner hosted in a low-pressure chamber. The temperature at different heights above the burner (HAB) was measured from the line ratio of temperature-sensitive H2O spectral lines recorded using IRPS. Quantitative measurements of CH4 mole fractions at different HAB in the flame were realized by a calibration measurement in a low-pressure gas flow of N2 with a small admixture of known amount of CH4. A comprehensive study of the collision effects on the IRPS signal was performed in order to quantify the flame measurement. The concentration and temperature measurements were found to agree reasonably well with simulations using Chemkin. These measurements prove the potential of IRPS as a sensitive, non-intrusive, in situ technique in low pressure flames.
Autonomous automobilities: The social impacts of driverless vehicles
Authors: Bissell David , Birtchnell Thomas , Elliott Anthony , Hsu Eric L
Published: December 2018

Autonomous vehicles are one of the most highly anticipated technological developments of our time, with potentially wide-ranging social implications. Where dominant popular discourses around autonomous vehicles have tended to espouse a crude form of technological determinism, social scientific engagements with autonomous vehicles have tended to focus on rather narrow utilitarian dimensions related to regulation, safety or efficiency. This article argues that what is therefore largely missing from current debates is a sensitivity to the broader social implications of autonomous vehicles. The article aims to remedy this absence. Through a speculative mode, it is shown how a mobilities approach provides an ideal conceptual lens through which the broader social impacts of autonomous vehicles might be identified and evaluated. The argument is organized across four dimensions: transformations to experiences, inequalities, labour and systems. The article develops an agenda for critical sociological work on automated vehicles; and it calls on sociologists to contribute much-needed critical voices to the institutional and public debates on the development of autonomous vehicles.
Prolonged Versus Short Infusion Rates of IV Magnesium in Hospitalized General Medicine Patients with Hypomagnesemia
Authors: Doshi Shaily , Waller Jennifer , Clemmons Amber
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Due to the renal handling mechanism of magnesium, prolonging the time for infusion of intravenous (IV) magnesium has been postulated to decrease magnesium requirements; however, a paucity of clinical evidence exists to support prolonging infusion rates. Objective: To assess if there is a difference in magnesium replacement required in the medicine population at an academic medical center when prolonged infusion rates (0.5 g/h) are compared to short infusion rates of > 0.5 g/h. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed before and after implementation of the hypomagnesemia protocol (November 2015). Patients who received at least one dose of IV magnesium during hospitalization were selected from general medicine units. Primary aim was to determine if a difference exists in percent of days IV magnesium repletion required between patients receiving prolonged versus short infusion rates. Secondary objectives were to determine if a difference exists in total grams of magnesium received, percent of days magnesium levels were maintained in the optimal (1.4-2.7) and desired (2-2.7) therapeutic ranges, and incidence of hypomagnesemia (< 1.4 g/dL) and hypermagnesemia (> 2.7 g/dL). For safety, incidence of hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90/60 mm Hg) during the magnesium infusion was recorded. Results: Totally, 45 patients were included in each cohort for a total of 90 patients to meet power. No differences existed between protocol groups for any demographic variables (all P > .05). Median infusion rate for the short infusion cohort was 1.8 g/h (range 1-2 g/h). Percent of days IV magnesium was replaced was 34.8% versus 37.8% ( P = .39) in the short and prolonged infusion groups, respectively. No difference existed between groups for secondary outcomes (all P > .05). Conclusion: Prolonged magnesium infusion rates did not decrease magnesium replacement requirements. These results have been used to propose revision of our current magnesium infusion protocol to reduce infusion length.
Prevalence, and social and health correlates of insomnia among persons 15 years and older in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa
Published: December 2018

The study aims to investigate the prevalence, and social and health correlates of insomnia symptoms in a national population sample in South Africa. Data were analysed from the cross-sectional ‘South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)’ 2012, using a sample of 15,133 individuals (mean age = 36.9, SD = 16.5). Measures included information on insomnia, sociodemographics, health status, health risk behaviour, and mental health. Results indicate that the overall prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 7.1%, with 3.5% among 15- to 24-year-olds and 20.5% among 65 years and older participants. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, poorer health status (self-rated health, functional disability and cognitive impairment), having bodily pain, having experienced three or more traumatic events, and having psychological distress and partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder were positively associated with insomnia. A significant proportion of South Africans have insomnia symptoms and several risk factors were identified that can help in guiding interventions.
How Does Development Mean? Attitudes toward Mining and the Social Meaning of Development in Guatemala
Authors: Dougherty Michael L.
Published: December 2018

The ways that the concept of development comes to mean refract individual value sets and map onto Guatemalan host-community residents’ attitudes toward mining. Economically oriented residents tend to support mining while those who prioritize public health and environmental advocacy tend to oppose it. Individuals who trust institutions of the state tend to support mining, while individuals who perceive these issues through the lens of their religious faith tend to oppose it. Concerns around public health are especially salient. Focusing on individual-level decision making rather than community-level action distinguishes between rationale and decision, thus highlighting the variegated social meanings underlying superficially similar attitudes. Mining attitudes and their rationales are heterogeneous and vary in intensity.

Las maneras en las que el concepto del desarrollo adquiere significado reflejan los valores del individuo y se alinean con las actitudes hacia la minería que poseen los guatemaltecos residentes en comunidades anfitrionas de proyectos mineros. Las personas que valoran el desarrollo económico tienden a apoyar la minería mientras que aquellos que priorizan la salud pública y la defensa del medioambiente tienden a oponerse. Las personas que confían en las instituciones del estado tienden a apoyar la minería mientras los individuos que ven estos temas a través del lente de su fe religiosa tienden a oponerse. Sobresalen en especial las preocupaciones en torno a la salud pública. El enfoque en la toma de decisiones a nivel individual en lugar de en la acción a nivel comunitario se diferencia entre la razón y la decisión, resaltando así los significados sociales que subyacen en las actitudes superficialmente similares. Las actitudes hacia la minería y sus razonamientos son heterogéneas y varían en su intensidad.
“I Don’t Know and I Don’t Want to Know”: A Qualitative Examination of Older African American Women’s Knowledge and Experiences With HIV
Authors: Belgrave Faye Z. , Javier Sarah J. , Butler Deborah , Dunn Chelsie , Richardson Joann , Bryant Lindsay
Published: December 2018

While older African American women (e.g., aged 50 years and older) comprise only 11% of the female population in the United States, they account for 50% of HIV diagnoses among women in this age group. Unique sociocultural factors, including a lack of HIV knowledge and stigma, contribute to HIV risk among older African American women. The goal of this qualitative study was to obtain a nuanced perspective from older African American women about HIV knowledge and experiences with HIV using the framework of intersectionality theory. Focus groups were conducted with 35 African American women who were 50 years and older, nonpartnered, and heterosexual. Women were asked what they knew about HIV and if they thought older women were at risk for HIV. A thematic analysis using NVivo 11 yielded two central themes and three subthemes: HIV knowledge, including experiential knowledge, superficial knowledge, and no knowledge, and stigma around HIV in the Black church. Implications for developing HIV prevention programs and testing messages are discussed.
Project Syllabus: An Exploratory Study of Learner-Centered Syllabi
Authors: Richmond Aaron S. , Morgan Robin K. , Slattery Jeanne M. , Mitchell Nathanael G. , Cooper Anna Grace
Published: December 2018

Recent research suggests that designing a syllabus using learner-centered principles may increase students’ perceptions of their instructor on the characteristics of rapport, caring, helpfulness, willingness to seek help from the instructor, and student motivation. Typically, a learner-centered syllabus is one that presents a positive tone at the point of a student’s first contact with a course and describes collaborative opportunities, repeated opportunities for formative assessment, and a sense of ownership of the learning experience. In the present study, we assessed the learner-centeredness of 109 syllabi sampled from Project Syllabus. Analyses revealed these syllabi to be disproportionately learner-centered on almost all of the factors assessed. In addition, there were moderate to strong associations among learner-centered factors, syllabus length, and use of images in syllabi. Finally, results indicate that syllabi from Project Syllabus have become increasingly more learner-centered over a 19-year period. Implications for a model of learner-centeredness are discussed, including how learner-centered syllabi impact a student’s perceptions of teacher effectiveness and strategies for assessing learner-centeredness.
The Psychology of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Burn Shawn Meghan
Published: December 2018

Sexual harassment (SH) occurs when people are targets of unwanted sexual comments, sexual gestures, or sexual actions because of their actual or perceived gender, gender expression, or sexual orientation. Due to its frequency and harmful effects on people and organizations, and because it is often a symptom of social inequalities, SH is of concern to psychologists. Using psychological theory and research as well as intersectional and contextual lenses, this article describes how SH is varied in its forms, targets, and origins. I explore explanations for SH with a focus on sociocultural gender and power perspectives. I also employ a person-by-situation perspective to show how contextual factors interact with individual factors to influence incidence. Because reducing SH is important for safe and inclusive schools, organizations, and public settings, I identify possible solutions to this common social problem. Finally, I discuss how and why teaching about the psychology of SH can promote positive individual, group, organizational, and social change. In sum, I illustrate interesting and important psychological concepts and methods and show how psychology can be used to understand and treat social problems and inequalities.
Zeno-free adaptive event-triggered control design
Authors: Adloo Hassan , Shafiei Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a new general framework for adaptive event-triggered control strategy to extend average inter-event interval, while maintaining the performance of the system. The proposed event-triggering mechanism is acquired from input to state stability conditions, which is defined in terms of system states as well as an adaptation parameter. Under the Lipschitz assumption, a positive lower bound on sampling durations is also established that is essential to restrain the Zeno behavior. Applying the proposed method to linear time-invariant systems, leads to sufficient conditions to guarantee asymptotic stability in the form of matrix inequalities. Moreover, it is shown that there exist more degrees of freedom to improve the performance criterion from theoretical aspects. Finally, in order to show capability of the proposed method and its better performance compared with some recent works, numerical simulations are presented.
The Role of the Diabetes Educator in Diabetes Formulary and Medical Device Decisions
Authors:   American Association of Diabetes Educators
Published: December 2018

It is the position of the American Association of Diabetes Educators that diabetes educators should be included as expert consultants for formulary decisions regarding diabetes medications and medical devices.
A Study of Young Gifted Learners’ and Their Teachers’ Perceptions of Effective EFL Learners
Authors: Yıldırım Rana , İspinar Akcayoglu Duygu
Published: December 2018

This study compared gifted learners’ and their English teachers’ perceptions of who is an effective English as a foreign language (EFL) learner. The research questions include the following: (a) What are young gifted learners’ perceptions of an effective EFL learner? (b) What are English teachers’ perceptions of an effective EFL learner? and (c) Is there a match between young gifted learners’ and their English teachers’ perceptions of an effective EFL learner? The participants were two gifted learners attending the English classes at the Science and Arts Center (BILSEM) in Adana, Turkey, and two English teachers working with these students. Data were collected through repertory grids, written accounts of the students, and retrospective interviews. Findings include implications for designing appropriate instruction for gifted EFL learners and teacher educators who work with these specific learners.
Fresh contact: Youth, migration, and atmospheres in India
Authors: Dyson Jane
Published: December 2018

This paper uses long-term research in an Indian village to develop Karl Mannheim’s notion of each generation’s ‘fresh contact’ with their inherited social and environmental setting. I examine how a generation of young people re-apprehend their local environment following a period of migration. I argue that young people aged between 25 and 34 who have lived outside their locality re-appraise their village economically and spiritually when they return home. I point to the social nature of this ‘fresh contact’, its spatial character, and the high degree of reflexivity that young men display in discussing their own agency as a generation – a point that emerged especially clearly in their discussion of the term ‘ mahaul,’ a Hindi word meaning ‘atmosphere’. The paper contributes to geographical and anthropological work on youth agency by highlighting the utility of notions of fresh contact in specific social conjunctures, such as the migration of a particular cohort. At the same time, it suggests the importance of placing alongside Mannheim’s work an explicit focus on the spatial nature of fresh contact, the sociality that constitutes cohorts as generations, and young people’s reflexive capacity to theorise their generational agency.
Music-related activities on Facebook
Authors: Krause Amanda E. , North Adrian C. , Heritage Brody
Published: December 2018

Despite the current prevalence of users performing musical activities on social media, and on Facebook in particular, little research has examined these behaviors from the perspective of consumer psychology. A cross-sectional, convenience sample of 400 participants ( Mage = 22.56, SDage = 7.79) completed an online questionnaire. The findings illustrated that the constructs of opinion leadership, innovativeness, and self-efficacy within the consumer psychology literature were associated with performing music-related activities on Facebook, including the active creation/consumption of music content and use of music listening applications. Thus, music activities performed on Facebook have an overt consumer psychological component. These findings indicate that to understand music-related activities on social media, further research should consider psychological variables in explaining this common and economically important activity.
Phase Shifts to a Moderate Intensity Light Exposure in Older Adults: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Scheuermaier Karine D. , Lee Jung Hie , Duffy Jeanne F.
Published: December 2018

Age-related disrupted sleep has been associated with modifications in the timing of endogenous circadian rhythms. There are studies suggesting a decreased sensitivity of the aging circadian pacemaker to light. In this study, we aimed to test whether a moderate illuminance light stimulus would produce significant phase shifts in older adults, and whether those would fall in a range consistent with the illuminance response curve (IRC) we previously reported in older adults. We conducted an 8-day in-patient study with 12 healthy older participants (mean age [SD], 58.3 [4.2] y, 5 females). A 6.5-h polychromatic white light exposure with a target illuminance of 270 lux was administered beginning in the early biological night. Before and after the light exposure, a circadian phase estimation procedure was carried out, with plasma melatonin data used as a circadian phase marker. The mean phase delay produced by the light stimulus was 1.78 ± 0.77 h. Ten of the 12 phase delay shifts at ~270 lux fell within the 95% predictive interval of the model fit to data from our previous IRC in older adults. This finding demonstrates that the circadian system of healthy older adults is sensitive to the phase-delaying effects of a moderate intensity light stimulus. The magnitude of the observed phase shifts is consistent with the previously described IRC in older adults.
Wells and Geneva Scores Are Not Reliable Predictors of Pulmonary Embolism in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Girardi Adriana M. , Bettiol Renata S. , Garcia Tiago S. , Ribeiro Gustavo L. H. , Rodrigues Édison Moraes , Gazzana Marcelo B. , Rech Tatiana H.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Critically ill patients are at high risk for pulmonary embolism (PE). Specific PE prediction rules have not been validated in this population. The present study assessed the Wells and revised Geneva scoring systems as predictors of PE in critically ill patients.

Methods:

Pulmonary computed tomographic angiograms (CTAs) performed for suspected PE in critically ill adult patients were retrospectively identified. Wells and revised Geneva scores were calculated based on information from medical records. The reliability of both scores as predictors of PE was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:

Of 138 patients, 42 (30.4%) were positive for PE based on pulmonary CTA. Mean Wells score was 4.3 (3.5) in patients with PE versus 2.7 (1.9) in patients without PE ( P < .001). Revised Geneva score was 5.8 (3.3) versus 5.1 (2.5) in patients with versus without PE ( P = .194). According to the Wells and revised Geneva scores, 56 (40.6%) patients and 49 (35.5%) patients, respectively, were considered as low probability for PE. Of those considered as low risk by the Wells score, 15 (26.8%) had filling defects on CTA, including 2 patients with main pulmonary artery embolism. The area under the ROC curve was 0.634 for the Wells score and 0.546 for the revised Geneva score. Wells score >4 had a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 87%, positive predictive value of 59%, and negative predictive value of 77% to predict risk of PE.

Conclusions:

In this population of critically ill patients, Wells and revised Geneva scores were not reliable predictors of PE.
Development of Attribution-Based Scales Associated With Proactive, Reactive, and Acquisitive Offending
Authors: Kroner Daryl G. , Lacey Brett A. , Cashel Mary Louise
Published: December 2018

This study outlines the development of attribution scales to assess the antecedent processes of proactive, reactive, and acquisitive offending. Empirical keying, internal consistency, and item performance were the three test development strategies. Six samples (total N = 1,527) from parole, university, probation, and prison were used. The Proactive scale (10 items) reflected coldness and distance between offender and victims, the Reactive scale (10 items) reflected recklessness and excuses for violent behavior, and the Acquisitive scale (15 items) reflected less negative views of crime and choices. Convergent and discriminant validities were demonstrated by the Proactive scale stronger correlations with planning items, the Reactive scale stronger correlations with affective and person-based items, and the Acquisitive scale stronger correlations with other-based motives. Linking Proactive, Reactive, and Acquisitive scales to an offense provides psychological meaning that can benefit assessment and interventions.
Maxillary and Mandibular Peripheral Odontogenic Fibromas (Fibromatous Epulides of Periodontal Ligament Origin) in a Cat
Authors: Velázquez-Urgel Ignacio , Sánchez Melissa D. , Buelow Mary E. , Villamizar-Martinez Lenin A. , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: December 2018

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF) is an uncommon finding in the mouth of cats. Few cases have been reported in the literature. The present report describes an adolescent, male-castrated domestic shorthair cat with POFs at the rostral upper and lower jaws that were treated via marginal excision including removal of underlying bone. Despite the high incidence of recurrence reported in the literature, recheck examinations up to 11 months postoperatively did not show regrowth of the gingival masses. Thus, marginal excision including removal of underlying bone appears to be a viable treatment option for POF in cats.
Marsupialization Followed by Curettage of an Extensive Periapical Cyst in the Incisive and Maxillary Bone in a Dog
Authors: Kortegaard Hanne E. , Reiter Alexander M. , Legendre Loic , Eriksen Thomas , Buelund Lene E. , Gorrel Cecilia
Published: December 2018

A 7-year-old male intact border terrier (8.5 kg) was presented with a large, painless mass apical to the right maxillary incisors. Diagnostic imaging and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of periapical cyst due to a nonvital maxillary incisor. Extensive cysts are often multilocular and therefore difficult to debride without risk of iatrogenic damage. Complete resection can cause damage to adjacent structures and may compromise function. Due to the large size of the cyst, it was decided to perform staged treatment with extraction of the nonvital tooth and marsupialization. Following marsupialization, gradual bone regrowth caused size reduction. The stoma from the marsupialization was kept open for 8.5 months before the cyst was curetted and the wound closed. Complete obliteration of the cyst cavity was seen at short- and long-term follow-up examinations (7 and 24 months after curettage, respectively).
Effects of Passive Immunization by Anti-Gingipain IgY on the Oral Health of Cats Fed Kibble Diets
Authors: Oba Patrícia Massae , Devito Fernanda Corrêa , Santos João Paulo Fernandes , Stipp Rafael Nóbrega , Gomes Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio , Carciofi Aulus Cavalieri , Brunetto Marcio Antonio
Published: December 2018

Porphyromonas gulae is one of the key microorganisms in biofilm dysbiosis that leads to periodontal disease, a prevalent disease in cats. Gingipains are proteases secreted that promote the disruption of cell adhesion and the differentiation of osteoclasts. The use of anti-gingipain immunoglobulin Y (IgY-GP) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional prevention and treatment methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of IgY-GP on different parameters related to oral health in cats. Twenty adult mixed-breed cats were divided into 2 groups of 10 cats fed with 2 extruded diets differing only by coating. The control group received a coating of 4 g/kg of powdered egg and the test group received a coating of 4 g/kg of IgY-GP. The experiment followed a crossover design with 2 periods, each lasting 40 days with a washout period of 30 days. The evaluated parameters were plaque, calculus, gingivitis index, and percentage of Porphyromonas gingivalis of the oral cavity (%PG-OC) at baseline and after 40 days of diet consumption. All cats remained healthy throughout the study and no adverse reactions or side effects were observed. After 40 days of IgY-GP consumption, the plaque index was significantly lower compared to the baseline ( P = .0133). There were no significant changes in calculus index, gingivitis index, and %PG-OC between groups after 40 days ( P > .05). The consumption of IgY-GP reduces plaque accumulation, which may lead to an improvement in the oral health of adult cats.
A new computational method for predicting the thermal bow of a rotor
Authors: Zhuo M , Yang LH , Xia K , Yu L
Published: December 2018

In a heavy-duty gas turbine, when hot rotor is left cooled in standstill condition, thermal bow occurs due to natural convection, which may result in high vibrations in a subsequent restart. Usually, a turning gear is immediately started after shutdown of gas turbine to slowly roll and uniformly cool the rotor in order to prevent thermal bow, which is called turning gear operation. The minimum turning time and the acceptable temperature of wheel space are two important indexes of turning gear operation, and their determination highly depends on accurate prediction of thermal bow. This paper proposes an analytical method to predict the thermal bow behavior of rotors with complex structures and investigates the effect of turning time on thermal bow. First, the general form of analytical solution of rotor thermal bow is derived and validated through both finite element analysis and experiments. Then the analytical solution is applied in a heavy-duty gas turbine to predict the most severe thermal bow behavior of the rotor with no turning gear in operation before standstill. Finally, the effect of turning time on thermal bow is investigated, and the indexes to achieve acceptable thermal bow are discussed. Results show that the shape of thermal bow of the gas turbine rotor is close to the first-order mode shape; the peak of the most severe thermal bow reaches 0.7 mm after 3.8 h of cooling and the decrease of thermal bow is much slower than the increase. Besides, the maximum thermal bow of the rotor due to insufficient turning gear operation presents an exponential decay with turning time and lies in linear relationship with the temperature of the same location. These two relationships help determine the minimum turning time and acceptable temperature of wheel space to attain an acceptable bow and thus have practical significance to develop and optimize turning gear operations.
A Robust Neural Index of High Face Familiarity
Authors: Wiese Holger , Tüttenberg Simone C. , Ingram Brandon T. , Chan Chelsea Y. X. , Gurbuz Zehra , Burton A. Mike , Young Andrew W.
Published: December 2018

Humans are remarkably accurate at recognizing familiar faces, whereas their ability to recognize, or even match, unfamiliar faces is much poorer. However, previous research has failed to identify neural correlates of this striking behavioral difference. Here, we found a clear difference in brain potentials elicited by highly familiar faces versus unfamiliar faces. This effect starts 200 ms after stimulus onset and reaches its maximum at 400 to 600 ms. This sustained-familiarity effect was substantially larger than previous candidates for a neural familiarity marker and was detected in almost all participants, representing a reliable index of high familiarity. Whereas its scalp distribution was consistent with a generator in the ventral visual pathway, its modulation by repetition and degree of familiarity suggests an integration of affective and visual information.
Hepatitis A virus vaccination in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mertoglu S , Sahin S , Beser O F , Adrovic A , Barut K , Yuksel P , Sazak S , Kocazeybek B S , Kasapcopur O
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Vaccination of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with non-live vaccines may decrease vaccine-preventable infections and mortalities. In the present study, we aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of inactivated hepatitis A vaccination in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 30 childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and 39 healthy participants who were seronegative for hepatitis A received two doses of the hepatitis A vaccine in a 0- and 6-month schedule. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgG antibodies were measured before vaccination and 7 months after the vaccination. Results: Although anti-HAV IgG antibody titers after vaccination were found to be somewhat lower in children with systemic lupus erythematosus than that of the healthy subjects ( p < 0.05), the difference in seroconversion rate was insignificant between childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients ( n = 24/30, 80%) and healthy controls ( n = 33/39, 84.6%). There was no increase in median Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2K scores and anti-ds DNA levels after the vaccination procedure. Seroconversion rates in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients were not affected by medication, high disease activity (SLEDAI-2K >6) and anti-ds DNA positivity. None of the patients experienced any flare or adverse reaction throughout the study. Conclusions: According to these results, we conclude that inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is safe and well tolerated in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients, with no adverse events or increase in activity. Immunogenicity to the hepatitis A vaccine was adequate, with a seropositivity rate of 80%.
Spatial Disparity in Sanitation Facility: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Shukla Rashmi
Published: December 2018

Sanitation is a basic human need. Inadequate sanitation and poor hygienic practices lead to huge public health costs and diseases. This study highlights the interregional and interstate disparity in the coverage of sanitation facility in India based on census data. The best sanitation facilities are available in all states of Northeast India while the central region, followed by the eastern region, reports the lowest access to toilet facility. A disparity index has been worked out to measure the level of disparity in access to sanitation facilities over time. The regression analysis confirms that socio-economic variables such as female literacy rate (FLR) and population below poverty line (BPL) rate are significant determinants of improved sanitation facility.

The study reveals the unsatisfactory condition of sanitation facility, especially in rural areas. Though the government is conscious about the construction of the toilets in rural areas, it is found not usable in many cases. Thus, there is a need to make constant efforts to improve the performance of the programmes by making them more responsive to the local needs and aspirations. The programmes should concentrate on changing behaviour and promoting latrine use.
Value and Limitations of Broad Brush Surveys Used in Community-Randomized Trials in Southern Africa
Authors: Bond Virginia , Ngwenya Fredrick , Murray Emma , Ngwenya Nothando , Viljoen Lario , Gumede Dumile , Bwalya Chiti , Mantantana Jabulile , Hoddinott Graeme , Dodd Peter J. , Ayles Helen , Simwinga Musonda , Wallman Sandra , Seeley Janet
Published: December 2018

We describe and reflect on a rapid qualitative survey approach called “Broad Brush Survey” (BBS) used in six community-randomized trials (CRTs)/studies in Zambia and South Africa (2004–2018) to document, compare, classify, and communicate community features systematically for public health and multidisciplinary research ends. BBS is based on a set sequence of participatory qualitative methods and fieldwork carried out prior to a CRT intervention and/or research by social scientists to generate rapid community profiles using four key indicators: physical features, social organization, networks, and community narratives. Profiling makes apparent similarities and differences, enabling comparison across communities and can be facilitated by an ideal model of open-closed systems. Findings have provided practical outputs (e.g., community profiles) and academic opportunities (e.g., community typologies). The BBS approach enables complex social landscapes to be incorporated in CRTs. This method has proven to be useful, adaptable and to have multidisciplinary appeal.