bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate advocacy among Italian pediatric pulmonologists: A national survey on the effects of climate change on respiratory allergies
Authors: Lauletta Marcella , Moisé Erika , La Grutta Stefania , Cilluffo Giovanna , Piacentini Giorgio , Ferrante Giuliana , Peroni Diego G. , Di Cicco Maria
Published: January 2022

Climate change (CC) is expected to negatively impact respiratory health due to air pollution and increased aeroallergen exposure. Children are among the most vulnerable populations due to high ventilation rates, small peripheral airways, and developing respiratory and immunological systems. To assess the current knowledge among Italian pediatric pulmonologists on the potential effects of CC on pediatric respiratory allergic diseases, a national survey was launched online from February 2020 to February 2021. The members of the Italian Pediatric Respiratory Society (SIMRI) were contacted by email and 117 questionnaires were returned (response rate 16.4%). 72.6% of respondents were females, 53.8% were academic pediatricians, 42.7% had been working >10 years. Most of the participants were aware of the potential health effects of CC and stated that they had noticed an increase in the incidence (90.6%) and severity (67.5%) of allergic respiratory diseases among their patients. About 61% and 41% of participants respectively felt that there had been an increase in the number of children sensitized to pollen and molds. When applying latent class analysis to identify the features characterizing participants with greater awareness and knowledge of CC‐related health effects, two classes were identified: almost 60% of the participants were labeled as “poor knowledge” and those with greater awareness were older, had longer work experience, and were those using the Internet to gather information about CC. There is urgent need to increase pediatricians' awareness of the detrimental effects of CC on children's respiratory health and integrate them in the educational programs of healthcare professionals.
Age‐dependent phenotypes of ovarian endometriomas
Authors: Benagiano Giuseppe , Guo Sun‐Wei
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To analyze the characteristics of the ovarian endometrioma (OE) across the life span of a woman. In the past, the OE has traditionally been viewed as a single, monolithic disease. Today, there are emerging data indicating that OE phenotypes differ according to the age of the woman.

Method

A narrative review of original articles on OE indexed by PubMed.

Results

When appearing in infancy and early adolescence, OE may be the consequence of endometrial cells retrogradely shed with neonatal uterine bleeding. The post‐menarcheal variant, manifesting itself during full adolescence, is singularly frequent in the presence of vaginal or uterine outflow obstructive anomalies. The typical and most frequent adult phenotype is characterized by increasing fibrosis and a tendency to progress; its mere presence exerts a detrimental effect on the surrounding healthy ovarian tissue. In postmenopause, an old lesion may be reactivated in the presence of exogenous or endogenous estrogens, or even be produced ex novo; rarely, it can spread to a variety of organs and structures and even degenerate causing malignancies.

Conclusions

Given the existence of these variants, it is important to agree on management guidelines that take into consideration these different phenotypes.
Investigation on the Effect of Highly Active Ni/ZrO2 Catalysts Modified by MgO‐Nd2O3 Promoters in CO2 Methanation at Low Temperature Condition
Authors: Liu Zhiru , Ding Xin , Zhu Rong , Li Yanan , Wang Yuqi , Sun Wen , Wang Di , Wu Le , Zheng Lan
Published: January 2022

To improve the catalytic activity of CO2 methanation at low reaction temperature, four Ni‐based precursors with different auxiliaries were prepared by sol‐gel composite impregnation method. The CO2 methanation of the catalysts after hydrogen reduction were tested in a fixed bed quartz reactor at 200–450 °C. The properties of the catalysts were further characterized by BET, XRD, H2‐TPD, CO2‐TPD, H2‐TPR, XPS, SEM, TGA and TEM‐EDS. The Ni‐based catalysts followed an activity order of Ni‐MgO‐Nd2O3/ZrO2>Ni‐MgO/ZrO2>Ni‐Nd2O3/ZrO2>Ni/ZrO2, especially at temperatures below 400 °C. By establishing the correlation between the catalytic performance and structure of the catalyst, it was found that the mixing of Mg, Nd and Ni metal ions in the ZrO2 lattice results in high dispersion of Ni nanoparticles and good interaction between metal oxides. The composite doped Ni‐based catalysts show good catalytic performance and stability for CO2 methanation.
Deconstruction of Poplar Wood using Peracetic Acid and FeCl3 in Hot Water
Authors: Zhou Yongcai , Zhan Peng , Tong Denghui , Zhang Weifeng , Qing Yan , Huang Yilei , Zhang Lin , Chen Jienan
Published: January 2022

The deconstruction of lignocellulose biomass is a key step in biorefinery that requires directional control and high efficiency. Peracetic acid and FeCl3 were adopted in this study during hot water pretreatment, so that the directional deconstruction of poplar wood was enhanced, boosting the subsequent separation of hemicellulose and enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining biomass, avoiding the necessity of employing high temperature and pressure. A hemicellulose removal (as in xylan) of 98.23 % was achieved. The pretreatment conditions were: 5.7 w/v% peracetic acid, 0.05 mol L−1 FeCl3, 100 °C for 60 min; the results obtained were: 88.63 % hemicellulose removal (as in xylan), 73.38 % cellulose recovery rate, and 85.92 % cellulose enzymatic saccharification rate. The structure, crystallinity, morphology, and surface chemistry of samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that efficient pretreatment and cellulose enzymatic saccharification could be achieved under moderate pretreatment conditions, promising good potential in biomass conversion.
Size Selective Corona Interactions from Self‐Assembled Rosette and Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Gong Xun , Shuai Liang , Beingessner Rachel L. , Yamazaki Takeshi , Shen Jianliang , Kuehne Matthias , Jones Kelvin , Fenniri Hicham , Strano Michael S.
Published: January 2022

Nanoparticle corona phases, especially those surrounding anisotropic particles, are central to determining their catalytic, molecular recognition, and interfacial properties. It remains a longstanding challenge to chemically synthesize and control such phases at the nanoparticle surface. In this work, the supramolecular chemistry of rosette nanotubes (RNTs), well‐defined hierarchically self‐assembled nanostructures formed from heteroaromatic bicyclic bases, is used to create molecularly precise and continuous corona phases on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). These RNT–SWCNT (RS) complexes exhibit the lowest solvent‐exposed surface area (147.8 ± 60 m−1) measured to date due to its regular structure. Through Raman spectroscopy, molecular‐scale control of the free volume is also observed between the two annular structures and the effects of confined water. SWCNT photoluminescence (PL) within the RNT is also modulated considerably as a function of their diameter and chirality, especially for the (11, 1) species, where a PL increase compared to other species can be attributed to their chiral angle and the RNT's inward facing electron densities. In summary, RNT chemistry is extended to the problem of chemically defining both the exterior and interior corona interfaces of an encapsulated particle, thereby opening the door to precision control of core–shell nanoparticle interfaces.
Uncertainty handling in cyber–physical systems: State‐of‐the‐art approaches, tools, causes, and future directions
Authors: Asmat Mah Noor , Khan Saif Ur Rehman , Hussain Shahid
Published: January 2022

Cyber–Physical System (CPS) is the set of heterogeneous physical units linked to a network and performs complex operations to achieve a goal. Uncertainty increases with the increase in complexity of CPS. Thus, uncertainty needs to be mitigated to assure the quality and reliability of a CPS. This study aims to identify current state‐of‐the‐art approaches, tools, root causes, and metrics for uncertainty in the domain of CPS. We performed a systematic literature review and employed keyword‐based search on publisher sites to find potential studies. After applying the devised inclusion and exclusion criteria on identified potentially relevant studies, selection of studies is validated using an index engine. The core contributions of this study are (i) to categorize the tools used for uncertainty mitigation and existing root causes of uncertainty in CPS domain, (ii) to categorize the tools used for uncertainty mitigation and existing root causes of uncertainty in CPS domain, and (iii) to identify the state‐of‐the‐art methods that lack the ability to elaborate the metrics to measure the uncertainty in CPS. The results of the proposed study are beneficial in guiding future research on devising new approaches or tools to mitigate the causes of uncertainty in CPS.
Factors affecting students' learning from a design‐based implementation research project in diverse education systems
Authors: Lin Qinyun , Frank Kenneth A. , Bathia Shruti , Draney Karen , Thomas Jay , Anderson Charles W.
Published: January 2022

This article reports on quantitative findings from a design‐based implementation research (DBIR) project Carbon TIME that focused on teaching carbon cycling at multiple scales, from atomic‐molecular to global. We report results from a large dataset from diverse schools, including 59,654 student assessments of three‐dimensional learning aligned with Next Generation Science Standards collected in classrooms of 133 middle‐ and high‐school teachers over a 4‐year period. We used a subset of these data to investigate factors related to students' learning in this large and diverse set of classrooms. Our findings included: First, Carbon TIME's curriculum and professional development were associated with substantial improvements in overall student achievement; within classrooms students with lower pretest scores had higher learning gains. Second, differences among individual teachers accounted for more of the variance in student learning gains than other measures including school demographics and students' prior knowledge. Third, school demographic factors (percent free and reduced lunch and percent marginalized students of color) had statistically significant but small effects on students' learning. Finally, sustained investment and participation were important; student learning gains improved across years for the project as a whole, and for individual teachers as they gained experience and participated in professional development. These findings contribute to programs of systemic changes to support three‐dimensional science learning.
Correction to: Proteomics Data Analysis
Authors: Cecconi Daniela
Published: January 2022

In the original version of this book, chapter 16 was published non-open access. It has now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license, and the copyright holder has been updated to “The Author(s).” This book has been updated with these changes.
Transverse momentum dependent operator expansion at next-to-leading power
Authors: Vladimirov Alexey , Moos Valentin , Scimemi Ignazio
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We develop a method of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) operator expansion that yields the TMD factorization theorem on the operator level. The TMD operators are systematically ordered with respect to TMD-twist, which allows a certain separation of kinematic and genuine power corrections. The process dependence enters via the boundary conditions for the background fields. As a proof of principle, we derive the effective operator for hadronic tensor in TMD factorization up to the next-to-leading power (∼ qT/Q) at the next-to-leading order for any process with two detected states.
Accessing the influence of 99mTc-Sesta-MIBI-positive thyroid nodules on preoperative localisation studies in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Hargitai Lindsay , Schefner Maria , Traub-Weidinger Tatjana , Haug Alexander , Arikan Melisa , Scheuba Christian , Riss Philipp
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Curative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is parathyroidectomy (PTX) with removal of the hyperfunctioning gland(s). In an endemic goitre region, 35–78% of PHPT patients show concomitant thyroid disease. This study aimed to evaluate if 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI)-positive thyroid nodules decrease sensitivity in regard to localising the hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland(s) in PHPT patients.

Methods

Within 5 years, 497 consecutive patients with biochemically proven PHPT were included in this study. The data was analysed retrospectively.

Results

In total, 198 patients underwent PTX with thyroid surgery and 299 patients underwent sole PTX. Sensitivity of MIBI scan for PTX with and without thyroid surgery was 72.1% and 73.6%, respectively. A statistically significant difference in sensitivity of ultrasound for PTX with and without thyroid surgery (57.0% and 70.9%, respectively) was observed (p = 0.029). Thyroid nodule histology did not have a significant effect on the MIBI scan. Unilateral neck exploration (UNE) was performed in 110 patients and bilateral neck exploration (BNE) in 177 patients. The probability of surgical conversion from UNE to BNE due to incorrect localisation was 1.733 times higher in patients with thyroid nodules.

Conclusions

Concomitant benign thyroid nodules did not influence MIBI sensitivity. No correlation between thyroid carcinoma and MIBI uptake was determined. However, MIBI detection of thyroid malignancy is important in patients initially being considered for minimal invasive parathyroidectomy. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of ultrasound were significantly lower in patients with thyroid nodules. The probability of conversion from UNE to BNE due to incorrect localisation was 1.733 times higher in patients with thyroid nodules.
Rekonstruktion des Druckpotenzials für den unteren Grundwasserleiter im Münsterländer Kreidebecken im Falle eines ungehinderten Grubenwasseranstiegs im Grundgebirge
Authors: Ottenjann Maj-Britt , Kons Sandra , Meßer Johannes , Werner Florian , Getta Michael , Göbel Patricia
Published: January 2022

Im Münsterländer Kreidebecken (NRW & Niedersachsen, Deutschland) wird für das im gesamten Becken verbreitete untere Grundwasserleitersystem der Schichten des Cenomans und Turons (Untere Oberkreide) ein hydraulischer Druckausgleich zwischen dem Nord- und Südrand angenommen. Für den Fall eines ungehinderten Grubenwasseranstiegs im Grundgebirge (Karbon) würde sich in diesem Grundwasserleitersystem eine hydraulische Druckpotenzialfläche ausbilden („worst-case“-Szenario), welche sich ausgehend von hydrogeologisch begründbaren, hydraulischen Druckpunkten am Nord‑, Ost und Südrand des Beckens über das Beckeninnere aufspannen lässt. Die auf den potenziellen hydraulischen Druckpunkten des Beckens basierende und mittels ArcGIS interpolierte Druckpotenzialfläche weist ein generelles Gefälle nach Westen mit ihrem höchstgelegenen Druckpunkt im Nordosten (Fosbergquelle bei Bielefeld) und ihrem niedrigsten Druckpunkt im Südwesten (Ruhrbogen in Oberhausen) auf. Die Druckpotenzialfläche ist zukünftig für die „worst-case“-Betrachtung von Grubenwasseranstiegsszenarien in stillgelegten Bergwerken oder von aufsteigenden Tiefengrundwässern in oberflächennahe Grundwasserleitersysteme verwendbar.
Computational analysis of the tryptophan cation radical energetics in peroxidase Compound I
Authors: Poulos Thomas L. , Kim Jenny S. , Murarka Vidhi C.
Published: January 2022

Three well-characterized heme peroxidases (cytochrome c peroxidase = CCP, ascorbate peroxidase = APX, and Leishmania major peroxidase = LMP) all have a Trp residue tucked under the heme stacked against the proximal His heme ligand. The reaction of peroxidases with H2O2 to give Compound I results in the oxidation of this Trp to a cationic radical in CCP and LMP but not in APX. Considerable experimental data indicate that the local electrostatic environment controls whether this Trp or the porphyrin is oxidized in Compound I. Attempts have been made to place the differences between these peroxidases on a quantitative basis using computational methods. These efforts have been somewhat limited by the approximations required owing to the computational cost of using fully solvated atomistic models with well-developed forcefields. This now has changed with available GPU computing power and the associated development of software. Here we employ thermodynamic integration and multistate Bennett acceptance ratio methods to help fine-tune our understanding on the energetic differences in Trp radical stabilization in all three peroxidases. These results indicate that the local solvent structure near the redox active Trp plays a significant role in stabilization of the cationic Trp radical.

Graphical abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated myocarditis
Authors: Osinga T. E. , Oosting S. F. , van der Meer P. , de Boer R. A. , Kuenen B. C. , Rutgers A. , Bergmann L. , Oude Munnink T. H. , Jalving M. , van Kruchten M.
Published: January 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly recognised to effectuate long-lasting therapeutic responses in solid tumours. However, ICI therapy can also result in various immune-related adverse events, such as ICI-associated myocarditis, a rare but serious complication. The clinical spectrum is wide and includes asymptomatic patients and patients with fulminant heart failure, making it challenging to diagnose this condition. Furthermore, the optimal diagnostic algorithm and treatment of ICI-associated myocarditis is unknown. In this review, we describe two cases on both ends of the spectrum and discuss the challenges in recognising, diagnosing and treating ICI-associated myocarditis.
Een marketingreflectie op Snacks and the City
Authors: van Ittersum Koert
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Ik heb met bijzonder veel interesse en waardering het artikel ‘Snacks and the City’ gelezen, waarin een veldonderzoek wordt beschreven om gezond snacken te promoten. Wat een mooi en waardevol experiment en wat geweldig om hier als hoogleraar Marketing en Consumentenwelzijn vanuit een marketingperspectief op te mogen reflecteren.
Naar een integraal alcoholbeleid in België
Authors: Kramer Ruben , De Donder Else , de Duve Martin , Van Havere Tina , Geirnaert Marijs , Matthys Frieda , Decorte Tom
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

De alomtegenwoordigheid en sociale aanvaarding van alcohol in België verbloemt in vele gevallen de schadelijke gevolgen die alcohol heeft. Om die gevolgen te reduceren, is er de afgelopen jaar veel onderzoek gedaan naar de effectiviteit van mogelijke overheidsmaatregelen. Onder andere de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie adviseert landen over effectieve beleidsmaatregelen op basis van wetenschappelijke inzichten. Ondanks de aanbevelingen van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie en uit wetenschappelijke onderzoeken is er in België nog altijd geen sprake van een nationaal alcoholbeleidsplan waarin deze maatregelen integraal zijn opgenomen. Maatregelen op het vlak van preventie, hulpverlening, prijs, aanbod en marketing zijn noodzakelijk om de schadelijke gevolgen van alcohol effectief te reduceren.
Bespreekbaar maken van gezonde leefstijl en het sociale netwerk bij multiprobleemgezinnen door sociaal werkers
Authors: Nagelhout Gera , Abidi Latifa , Lodder Cynthia , Schutte Hermijn , de Vries Hein
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

In dit onderzoek keken we naar factoren die het bespreekbaar maken van het belang van een gezonde leefstijl en het sociale netwerk door sociaal werkers bij cliënten uit multiprobleemgezinnen kunnen bevorderen of belemmeren. We voerden kwalitatieve interviews uit onder veertien sociaal werkers uit Apeldoorn. Bevorderende factoren waren vooral organisatorisch van aard. Sociaal werkers ontvingen in deze periode regelmatig reminders om het belang van een gezonde leefstijl en het sociale netwerk te bespreken (via e‑mails, nieuwsbrieven en tijdens teambesprekingen), wat een belangrijke bevorderende factor bleek te zijn. Het sociale netwerk werd standaard al besproken door sociaal werkers, maar de leefstijl niet altijd. Het is voor sociaal werkers makkelijker om het belang van een gezonde leefstijl of het sociale netwerk te bespreken wanneer de cliënt hierover een hulpvraag heeft. Wanneer de cliënt duidelijk ongezond leeft of een leefstijlgerelateerde aandoening heeft, maakt dat het ook makkelijker om leefstijl te bespreken. Voor veel sociaal werkers werkte het belemmerend dat de leefstijl en het sociale netwerk geen prioriteit hebben boven urgentere problematiek. De meeste andere belemmerende factoren waren gerelateerd aan de cliënt, bijvoorbeeld dat de cliënt midden in een crisissituatie zit, zelf geen probleem ervaart, weerstand heeft ten opzichte van de hulpverlening of dat de cliënt een verstandelijke beperking of ernstige psychiatrische problematiek heeft, of ernstig verslaafd is.
De lessen die de zorg kán en móét leren van de COVID-19-pandemie
Authors: Westra Daan , Tietschert Maike
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

De COVID-19-pandemie stelt zorgorganisaties voor grote uitdagingen. Hoewel specifieke aspecten prominenter zijn in bepaalde sectoren van de zorg, staan alle zorgorganisaties voor de opgave om de randvoorwaarden te organiseren waarbinnen zorgprofessionals zo veel mogelijk mensen zo goed mogelijk kunnen helpen. Vanuit managementperspectief vallen vier grote thema’s op in de manier waarop zorgorganisaties hiermee omgaan. Op de eerste plaats proberen zorgorganisaties met man en macht hun personeel inzetbaar te houden. Daarnaast worden er verschillende digitale oplossingen geïmplementeerd en wordt er op ongekende schaal en snelheid samengewerkt met organisaties binnen en buiten de zorg. Dit gebeurt in directe interactie met landelijk en regionaal beleid, dat als last of lust ervaren wordt. Om goed door de coronacrisis te komen en de zorg op een duurzame manier te organiseren in het ‘nieuwe normaal’ na de crisis, is het essentieel dat de lessen en best-practices van dergelijke initiatieven systematisch getrokken en verspreid worden.
Gezonde School: landelijke samenwerking voor een gezonde jeugd
Authors: van Koperen Marije , Kruitwagen Vivian , Westhuis Arianne , Sobels Martijn
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Onderwijs maakt deel uit van de samenleving en bereidt leerlingen voor op participatie in de samenleving. Het stimuleren van een gezonde leefstijl bij leerlingen vormt een belangrijke maatschappelijke opdracht voor het onderwijs. Een gezonde leefstijl draagt immers bij aan het goed doorlopen van de schoolcarrière, een goede start van het werkend bestaan en op lange termijn een gezonder en langer leven. Scholen in het basis-, voortgezet- en middelbaar beroepsonderwijs kunnen met behulp van het nationale programma Gezonde School integraal en structureel werken aan een gezonde leefstijl, zodat een gezonde leefstijl op school vanzelfsprekend wordt. Samenwerking met landelijke thema- en kennis instituten, het onderwijs en de overheid is hierbij noodzakelijk, evenals de ondersteuning van GGD’en.
Werken vanuit plekken in het echte leven
Authors: Lettinga Ant , Slagter Martian , Merkelijn Ellis , Meijering Louise
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Het ideaal van zelfredzaamheid staat steeds meer ter discussie. Terwijl het bedoeld is om mensen in staat te stellen meer verantwoordelijkheid voor eigen leven en welbevinden te nemen, verwordt het vaak tot een instrument dat professionele hulp terugbrengt tot een drietal vragen: ‘Wat kun je zelf doen?’, ‘Hoe kan je netwerk helpen’ en ‘Wat heb je van mij als professional nodig?’ Wat hierbij gemist wordt, is dat levens van mensen in kwetsbare situaties nogal overweldigend kunnen zijn. Meer greep op het eigen leven krijgen is dan juist de onuitgesproken hulpvraag. Daartoe presenteren wij een breder sociaal-ruimtelijk raamwerk, dat levens van mensen begrijpt vanuit plekken waar ze graag zijn, waren en naartoe willen. Ervaringen van mensen die na hersenletsel hun leven weer willen oppakken, dienen hierbij als voorbeeld.
De haalbaarheid van een gecombineerde leefstijlinterventie (GLI-GGZ) bij patiënten met stemmings- en/of angststoornissen
Authors: Booij Sanne H. , Wester Christianne D. , Gurvits Vita , Nederhof Esther , Steffek Esther , Hoenders H. J. Rogier
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Werken aan leefstijlveranderingen krijgt binnen de geestelijke gezondheidszorg (ggz) steeds meer aandacht. Toch worden leefstijlinterventies nog maar weinig toegepast en richten deze zich vaak op één leefstijlaspect, terwijl een gecombineerd programma de effectiviteit mogelijk vergroot. Wij ontwikkelden een twaalf weken durende, gecombineerde leefstijlinterventie (GLI-GGZ), met aandacht voor voeding, beweging en ontspanning. We hebben onderzoek gedaan naar de haalbaarheid van GLI-GGZ bij patiënten met een stemmings- en/of angststoornis, en naar gedragsverandering en voorlopige effecten op symptomen, welzijn en geluk.

Methode

Negen deelnemers werkten in twaalf wekelijkse begeleide bijeenkomsten van 2,5 uur door middel van informatie, registratie en toepassing aan leefstijlveranderingen op het gebied van voeding, beweging en ontspanning. Gedurende GLI-GGZ vulden ze viermaal vragenlijsten in over psychische klachten, welzijn, voeding, beweging en ontspanning.

Resultaten

GLI-GGZ lijkt haalbaar en deelnemers lijken hun gedrag daadwerkelijk te veranderen. Er is gedurende de interventie ook een afname van angst-, stemmings- en stressklachten, en een toename van geluks- en welzijnsgevoel.

Conclusie

Deze positieve resultaten geven aanleiding om verder onderzoek te doen naar GLI-GGZ als nieuwe behandelmethode.
Landelijk gezondheidsonderzoek bij rampen
Authors: Bosmans Mark , Marra Elske , Tak Nannah , Jansen Noortje , de Zwart Femke , Dückers Michel
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

De coronacrisis en de gevolgen die deze op de gezondheid van de Nederlandse bevolking heeft gaan de normale regionale onderzoeksaanpak te boven. Daarom heeft het Netwerk GOR-COVID-19 – dat bestaat uit GGD GHOR Nederland (namens de GGD’en), RIVM, Nivel en ARQ Nationaal Psychotrauma Centrum – het initiatief genomen voor een landelijk onderzoeksprogramma om de impact van de coronapandemie op de mentale en fysieke gezondheid van de Nederlandse bevolking op lange termijn te monitoren: de integrale Gezondheidsmonitor COVID-19. In dit artikel beschrijven we de achtergrond en opzet van deze gezondheidsmonitor, die erop is gericht onderzoeksbevindingen toepasbaar te maken voor praktijk en beleid, zowel lokaal als nationaal.
Patiëntbetrokkenheid tijdens crisisbesluitvorming
Authors: Schmidt Eduard , van der Pas Suzan , Schalk Jelmer , Wieringa Sietse , Kraaijeveld Britt , Groeneveld Sandra , Bussemaker Jet
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Patiëntbetrokkenheid is een belangrijk thema in de zorg. Cliëntenraden vervullen hierin een belangrijke rol. Tegelijkertijd is er nog weinig bekend over hun rol bij de besluitvorming tijdens crises, en wat we van deze ervaringen kunnen leren. De coronacrisis liet echter zien dat wanneer besluitvorming plaatsvindt in interorganisationele netwerken, en sterk top-down en gecentraliseerd is, er weinig ruimte overblijft voor patiëntbetrokkenheid. Wij stellen dat zowel bestuurders als cliëntenraden meer werk moeten maken van patiëntbetrokkenheid in interorganisationele netwerken en tijdens crisissituaties.
Decisions and reasonings of top-class handball referees under physical load
Authors: Bloß Nicolas , Schorer Jörg , Loffing Florian , Büsch Dirk
Published: January 2022

Correct decision-making under physical load is a central challenge for referees in sports games. Handball referees are assumed to make both a decision (calling a foul or no foul) and to call its reasonings (type of foul, punishments). However, the impact of physical load on these two aspects has not been differentiated so far. Here, in two studies, we aimed to investigate the hypothesised impact of physical load on both referees’ decisions and reasonings. To this end, N = 66 (study 1) and N = 73 (study 2) top-class handball referees performed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test combined with a video-based decision-making test. Referees’ decisions improved from initial to medium physical load and they deteriorated under maximal physical load in study 1, whereas in study 2 the quality of the decisions was constant across physical load conditions. The percent of correct reasonings decreased from initial to medium physical load in study 1, whereas the opposite pattern was found in study 2. In both studies, reasoning performance did not change from medium to maximal physical load. Moreover, referees demonstrated better endurance performance in study 2 than in study 1. Despite some methodological limitations (e.g. familiarisation with the experimental setup in referees who participated in both studies), the present findings tentatively indicate that a well-trained endurance capacity may support referees’ decision-making, i.e. to make correct decisions and reasonings. Specifically, enhanced endurance capacity may lead to lower subjectively perceived fatigue, resulting in larger cognitive capacities that may facilitate referees’ decision-making.
Path planning of a manipulator based on an improved P_RRT* algorithm
Authors: Yi Junhui , Yuan Qingni , Sun Ruitong , Bai Huan
Published: January 2022

Aiming to build upon the slow convergence speed and low search efficiency of the potential function-based rapidly exploring random tree star (RRT*) algorithm (P_RRT*), this paper proposes a path planning method for manipulators with an improved P_RRT* algorithm (defined as improved P_RRT*), which is used to solve the path planning problem for manipulators in three-dimensional space. This method first adopts a random sampling method based on a potential function. Second, based on a probability value, the nearest neighbour node is selected by the nearest Euclidean distance to the random sampling point and the minimum cost function, and in the expansion of new nodes, twice expansion methods are used to accelerate the search efficiency of the algorithm. The first expansion adopts the goal-biased expansion strategy, and the second expansion adopts the strategy of random sampling in a rectangular area. Then, the parent node of the new node is reselected, and the path is rerouted to obtain a clear path from the initial point to the target point. Redundant node deletion and the maximum curvature constraint are used to remove redundant nodes and minimize the curvature on the generated path to reduce the tortuosity of the path. The Bezier curve is used to fit the processed path and obtain the trajectory planning curve for the manipulator. Finally, the improved P_RRT* algorithm is verified experimentally in Python and the Robot Operating System (ROS) and compared with other algorithms. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the improved algorithm.
Safe-Nav: learning to prevent PointGoal navigation failure in unknown environments
Authors: Jin Sheng , Meng Qinghao , Dai Xuyang , Hou Huirang
Published: January 2022

Training robots to safely navigate (Safe-Nav) in uncertain complex environments using the RGB-D sensor is quite challenging as it involves the performance of different tasks such as obstacle avoidance, optimal path planning, and control. Traditional navigation approaches cannot generate suitable paths which guarantee enough visible features. Recent learning-based methods are still not mature enough due to their proneness to collisions and prohibitive computational cost. This paper focuses on generating safe trajectories to the desired goal while avoiding collisions and tracking failure in unknown complex environments. We present Safe-Nav, a hierarchical framework composed of the visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) module, the global planner module and the local planner module. The visual SLAM module generates the navigation map and the robot pose. The global planner module plans a local waypoint on the real-time navigation map. In the local planner module, a deep-reinforcement-learning-based (DRL-based) policy is presented for taking safe actions towards local waypoints. Our DRL-based policy can learn different navigation skills (e.g., avoiding collisions and avoiding tracking failure) through specialized modes without any supervisory signals when the PointGoal-navigation-specied reward is provided. We have demonstrated the performance of our proposed Safe-Nav in the Habitat simulation environment. Our approach outperforms the recent learning-based method and conventional navigation approach with relative improvements of over 205% (0.55 vs. 0.18) and 139% (0.55 vs. 0.23) in the success rate, respectively.
The Classic Form of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Advanced Prostate Cancer: a Case Report
Authors: Switlyk Marta D. , Lilleby Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a serious and often lethal demyelinating disease of the brain that develops almost exclusively in patients with severe immunosuppression. The disease is caused by the reactivation of latent polyoma JC virus (JCV). PML occurs rarely in non-hematologic malignancies, and in this report, the authors present an uncommon case of rapidly progressing, fatal PML in a patient with advanced prostate cancer. Although uncommon, PML should be included in the differential diagnosis of white matter lesions in the oncologic population.
Epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties reduction with rotation variation for medical image segmentation with ConvNets
Authors: Zhang Ge , Dang Hao , Xu Yulong
Published: January 2022

The deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) achieves significant segmentation performance on medical images of various modalities. However, the isolated errors in a large testing set with various tumor conditions are not acceptable in clinical practice. This is usually caused in inadequate training and noise inherent during data collection, which are recognized as epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties in deep learning-based approaches. In this paper, we analyze the two types of uncertainties in medical image segmentation tasks and propose a reduction method by training models with data augmentation. The shelter zones in images are reduced with 2D imaging on surfaces of different angles from 3D organs. Rotation transformation and noise are estimated by Monte Carlo simulation with prior parameter distributions, and the aleatoric uncertainty is quantized in this process. Experiments on segmentation of computed tomography images demonstrate that overconfident incorrect predictions are reduced through uncertainty reduction and that our method outperforms prediction baselines based on epistemic and aleatoric estimation.
Simplicial and Minimal-Variance Distances in Multivariate Data Analysis
Authors: Gillard Jonathan , O’Riordan Emily , Zhigljavsky Anatoly
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study the behaviour of the so-calledk-simplicial distances andk-minimal-variance distances between a point and a sample. The family ofk-simplicial distances includes the Euclidean distance, the Mahalanobis distance, Oja’s simplex distance and many others. We give recommendations about the choice of parameters used to calculate the distances, including the size of the sub-sample of simplices used to improve computation time, if needed. We introduce a new family of distances which we callk-minimal-variance distances. Each of these distances is constructed using polynomials in the sample covariance matrix, with the aim of providing an alternative to the inverse covariance matrix, that is applicable when data is degenerate. We explore some applications of the considered distances, including outlier detection and clustering, and compare how the behaviour of the distances is affected for different parameter choices.
Heat conduction in an irregular magnetic field. Part 2. Heat transport as a measure of the effective non-integrable volume
Authors: Paul Elizabeth J. , Hudson Stuart R. , Helander Per
Published: January 2022

Given the large anisotropy of transport processes in magnetized plasmas, the magnetic field structure can strongly impact heat diffusion: magnetic surfaces and cantori form barriers to transport while chaotic layers and island structures can degrade confinement. When a small but non-zero amount of perpendicular diffusion is included, the structure of the magnetic field becomes less important, allowing pressure gradients to be supported across chaotic regions and island chains. We introduce a metric for the effective volume over which the local parallel diffusion dominates based on the solution to the anisotropic heat diffusion equation. To validate this metric, we consider model fields with a single island chain and a strongly chaotic layer for which analytic predictions of the relative parallel and perpendicular transport can be made. We also analyse critically chaotic fields produced from different sets of perturbations, highlighting the impact of the mode number spectrum on the heat transport. Our results indicate that this metric coincides with the effective volume of non-integrability in the limit

$\kappa _{\perp } \rightarrow 0$

, where

$\kappa_{\perp}$

is the perpendicular diffusion coefficient. We propose that this metric be used to assess the impact of non-integrability on the heat transport in stellarator equilibria.
The DOE E3SM v1.2 Cryosphere Configuration: Description and Simulated Antarctic Ice‐Shelf Basal Melting
Authors: Comeau Darin , Asay‐Davis Xylar S. , Begeman Carolyn Branecky , Hoffman Matthew J. , Lin Wuyin , Petersen Mark R. , Price Stephen F. , Roberts Andrew F. , Van Roekel Luke P. , Veneziani Milena , Wolfe Jonathan D. , Fyke Jeremy G. , Ringler Todd D. , Turner Adrian K.
Published: January 2022

The processes responsible for freshwater flux from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), ice‐shelf basal melting and iceberg calving, are generally poorly represented in current Earth System Models (ESMs). Here we document the cryosphere configuration of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) v1.2. This includes simulating Antarctic ice‐shelf basal melting, which has been implemented through simulating the ocean circulation within static Antarctic ice‐shelf cavities, allowing for the ability to calculate ice‐shelf basal melt rates from the associated heat and freshwater fluxes. In addition, we added the capability to prescribe forcing from iceberg melt, allowing for realistic representation of the other dominant mass loss process from the AIS. In standard resolution simulations (using a noneddying ocean) under preindustrial climate forcing, we find high sensitivity of modeled ocean/ice shelf interactions to the ocean state, which can result in a transition to a high basal melt regime under the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS), presenting a significant challenge to representing the ocean/ice shelf system in a coupled ESM. We show that inclusion of a spatially dependent parameterization of eddy‐induced transport reduces biases in water mass properties on the Antarctic continental shelf. With these improvements, E3SM produces realistic ice‐shelf basal melt rates across the continent that are generally within the range inferred from observations. The accurate representation of ice‐shelf basal melting within a coupled ESM is an important step toward reducing uncertainties in projections of the Antarctic response to climate change and Antarctica's contribution to global sea‐level rise.
Correcting Coarse‐Grid Weather and Climate Models by Machine Learning From Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations
Authors: Bretherton Christopher S. , Henn Brian , Kwa Anna , Brenowitz Noah D. , Watt‐Meyer Oliver , McGibbon Jeremy , Perkins W. Andre , Clark Spencer K. , Harris Lucas
Published: January 2022

Global atmospheric “storm‐resolving” models with horizontal grid spacing of less than 5 km resolve deep cumulus convection and flow in complex terrain. They promise to be reference models that could be used to improve computationally affordable coarse‐grid global climate models across a range of climates, reducing uncertainties in regional precipitation and temperature trends. Here, machine learning of nudging tendencies as functions of column state is used to correct the physical parameterization tendencies of temperature, humidity, and optionally winds, in a real‐geography coarse‐grid model (FV3GFS with a 200 km grid) to be closer to those of a 40‐day reference simulation using X‐SHiELD, a modified version of FV3GFS with a 3 km grid. Both simulations specify the same historical sea‐surface temperature fields. This methodology builds on a prior study using a global observational analysis as the reference. The coarse‐grid model without machine learning corrections has too few clouds, causing too much daytime heating of land surfaces that creates excessive surface latent heat flux and rainfall. This bias is avoided by learning downwelling radiative flux from the fine‐grid model. The best configuration uses learned nudging tendencies for temperature and humidity but not winds. Neural nets slightly outperform random forests. Forecasts of 850 hPa temperature gain 18 hr of skill at 3–7 days leads and time‐mean precipitation patterns are improved 30% by applying the ML correction. Adding machine‐learned wind tendencies improves 500 hPa height skill for the first five days of forecasts but degrades time‐mean upper tropospheric temperature and zonal wind patterns thereafter.
Massively parallel characterization of engineered transcript isoforms using direct RNA sequencing
Authors: Tarnowski Matthew J. , Gorochowski Thomas E.
Published: January 2022

Transcriptional terminators signal where transcribing RNA polymerases (RNAPs) should halt and disassociate from DNA. However, because termination is stochastic, two different forms of transcript could be produced: one ending at the terminator and the other reading through. An ability to control the abundance of these transcript isoforms would offer bioengineers a mechanism to regulate multi-gene constructs at the level of transcription. Here, we explore this possibility by repurposing terminators as ‘transcriptional valves’ that can tune the proportion of RNAP read-through. Using one-pot combinatorial DNA assembly, we iteratively construct 1780 transcriptional valves for T7 RNAP and show how nanopore-based direct RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq) can be used to characterize entire libraries of valves simultaneously at a nucleotide resolution in vitro and unravel genetic design principles to tune and insulate termination. Finally, we engineer valves for multiplexed regulation of CRISPR guide RNAs. This work provides new avenues for controlling transcription and demonstrates the benefits of long-read sequencing for exploring complex sequence-function landscapes.
The combined DNA and RNA synthetic capabilities of archaeal DNA primase facilitate primer hand-off to the replicative DNA polymerase
Authors: Greci Mark D. , Dooher Joseph D. , Bell Stephen D.
Published: January 2022

Replicative DNA polymerases cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo and rely on dedicated RNA polymerases, primases, to generate a short primer. This primer is then extended by the DNA polymerase. In diverse archaeal species, the primase has long been known to have the ability to synthesize both RNA and DNA. However, the relevance of these dual nucleic acid synthetic modes for productive primer synthesis has remained enigmatic. In the current work, we reveal that the ability of primase to polymerize DNA serves dual roles in promoting the hand-off of the primer to the replicative DNA polymerase holoenzyme. First, it creates a 5′-RNA-DNA-3′ hybrid primer which serves as an optimal substrate for elongation by the replicative DNA polymerase. Second, it promotes primer release by primase. Furthermore, modeling and experimental data indicate that primase incorporates a deoxyribonucleotide stochastically during elongation and that this switches the primase into a dedicated DNA synthetic mode polymerase.
Stochastic many-body calculations of moiré states in twisted bilayer graphene at high pressures
Authors: Romanova Mariya , Vlček Vojtěch
Published: January 2022

We introduce three developments within the stochastic many-body perturbation theory: efficient evaluation of off-diagonal self-energy terms, construction of Dyson orbitals, and stochastic constrained random phase approximation. The stochastic approaches readily handle systems with thousands of atoms. We use them to explore the electronic states of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) characterized by giant unit cells and correlated electronic states. We document the formation of electron localization under compression; weakly correlated states are merely shifted in energy. We demonstrate how to efficiently downfold the correlated subspace on a model Hamiltonian with a screened frequency-dependent two-body interaction. For the 6° tBLG system, the onsite interactions are between 200 and 300 meV under compression. The Dyson orbitals exhibit spatial distribution similar to the mean-field single-particle states. Under pressure, the electron-electron interactions increase in the localized states; however, the dynamical screening does not fully balance the dominant bare Coulomb interaction.
Trained laser-patterned carbon as high-performance mechanical sensors
Authors: Hepp Marco , Wang Huize , Derr Katharina , Delacroix Simon , Ronneberger Sebastian , Loeffler Felix F. , Butz Benjamin , Strauss Volker
Published: January 2022

We describe the mechanical properties of turbostratically graphitized carbon films obtained by carbon laser-patterning (CLaP) and their application as bending or mechanical pressure sensors. Stable conductive carbonized films were imprinted on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by laser-induced carbonization. After initial gentle bending, i.e. training, these sponge-like porous films show a quantitative and reversible change in resistance upon bending or application of pressure in normal loading direction. Maximum response values of ΔR/R0 = 388% upon positive bending (tensile stress) and −22.9% upon negative bending (compression) are implicit for their high sensitivity towards mechanical deformation. Normal mechanical loading in a range between 0 and 500 kPa causes a response between ΔR/R0 = 0 and −15%. The reversible increase or decrease in resistance is attributed to compression or tension of the turbostratically graphitized domains, respectively. This mechanism is supported by a detailed microstructural and chemical high-resolution transmission electron microscopic analysis of the cross-section of the laser-patterned carbon.
Rate-compatible multi-edge type low-density parity-check code ensembles for continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems
Authors: Jeong Suhwang , Jung Hyunwoo , Ha Jeongseok
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we propose a design rule of rate-compatible punctured multi-edge type low-density parity-check (MET-LDPC) code ensembles with degree-one variable nodes for the information reconciliation (IR) of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems. In addition to the rate compatibility, the design rule effectively resolves the high error-floor issue which has been known as a technical challenge of MET-LDPC codes at low rates. Thus, the proposed design rule allows one to implement rate-compatible MET-LDPC codes with good performances both in the threshold and low-error-rate regions. The rate compatibility and the improved error-rate performances significantly enhance the efficiency of IR for CV-QKD systems. The performance improvements are confirmed by comparing complexities and secret key rates of IR schemes with MET-LDPC codes whose ensembles are optimized with the proposed and existing design rules. In particular, the SNR range of positive secrecy rate increases by 1.44 times, and the maximum secret key rate improves by 2.10 times as compared to the existing design rules. The comparisons clearly show that an IR scheme can achieve drastic performance improvements in terms of both the complexity and secret key rate by employing rate-compatible MET-LDPC codes constructed with code ensembles optimized with the proposed design rule.