bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Method for Solving Fourth Order PDEs
Authors: Tawfiq L. N. M. , Ibrahim Abed A. Q.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to implement the LA Transform with HPM to solve the 4th order non-linear PDEs arising in mathematical physics and astrophysics. This method is based on a combination of LA Transformation with HPM without any discretization or restrictive assumptions. Some well-known 4th order non-linear PDEs are solved as illustrative examples to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and easy implementation of this technique.
Solar Cells Stimulated by Pigments Extracted from Natural Flowers
Authors: Mohamed Alaa Mahdi
Published: March 2021

In this research, the film of solar panels had been prepared from three organic pigments extracted from the Rosy and Yellow gori flowers and from the violet flowers, by a method of converting the leaves of these flowers into powder in a powdery form, in the laboratory at room temperature, as luminescent solar concentrators to improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells. The transmittance and absorption for this pigments extracts are very good, it has an ability to absorb a high quantity from the sun light, and the results show considerable contribution of the panel and thin film to enhance the efficiency of the solar cell. So, through present work, measurement were carried out for the concentration of solvent for each of the three pigments extracts, considering the concentration for each pigment is constant. It was found that mixing between the three extracted pigments was the best, as it gave a higher absorbency and permeability, and that is what also have been found with the thin film prepared from the mixed pigments. As it gave a clear and high increase in the efficiency of the solar cell with a small thickness, and this calls for the use of mixed pigment solutions as a layer of dye solar cells.
Detection of Harmful Metal Elements in Rice Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Salloom Hussein T. , Hamad Tagreed K. , Mohammed Alyaa H.
Published: March 2021

Transportation of toxic elements from air, water and soil is the main reason for agriculture crops pollution. Therefore, fast detection of heavy metals is very important for ensuring the quality and safety of crops. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), coupled with univariate and multivariate analysis, was applied for quantitative analysis of Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd in twelve kinds of rice available in local markets. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples were achieved by using the locally developed LIBS set up equipped with Q-switched Nd: YAG laser and optical spectrum analyzer. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used not only to validate the analysis results but also to establish the essential calibration curves. Distribution pattern of detected metals and possible contamination sources were analyzed by radar plot and multivariate statistics including PCA. In this study, harmful metals have been analyzed in all samples. The average content for harmful metals were 0.040 mg/kg for chromium (VI), 0.051 mg/kg for lead, and 0.041 mg/kg for copper and 0.043 mg/kg for cadmium.
Investigation of Structural and Dielectric Properties of (Polymer Blend/Oxides Nanoparticles) for Pressure Sensors
Authors: Jalil Hussien Huda Abdul , Kadhim Raheem G. , Hashim Ahmed
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to fabricate (polyethylene oxide-polyvinyl pyrrolidone) blend and (poly (ethylene oxide-polyvinyl pyrrolidone-cerium dioxide nanoparticles-manganese dioxide nanoparticles) nanocomposites have been investigated for a pressure sensor. The nanocomposites(NCs) are prepared for different concentrations of polymer blend, cerium dioxide nanoparticles, and manganese dioxide nanoparticles. The electrical properties (dielectricconstant, dielectricloss and A.C electrical conductivity) of (PEO-PVP-CeO2-MnO2)nanocomposites have been studied. The dielectric properties of nanocomposites are examined in the frequency range (100 Hz–5×106 Hz). The experimental results displayed that dielectricconstant, and dielectricloss rise with an increase of the weight percentages of manganese dioxidenanoparticles. The dielectricconstant and dielectriclosses reduce as the frequency increases. The AC electrical conductivity has a high value as the weight percentages of manganese dioxidenanoparticles and the frequency increases. The nanocomposites were examined for the pressure sensors application in the pressure range (80–160) bar. The results showed that the electric capacitance of NCs samples is increased as the pressure increases. Also, the electric capacitance of nanocomposites increases with an increase in the weight percentages of manganese dioxide nanoparticles. Finally, the results showed that the (PEO-PVP-CeO2-MnO2) nanocomposites have a high sensitivity to the pressure.
Te-Comonoform Modules
Authors: Hadi Inaam, M. A. , Elewi Alaa A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the concept of te-comonoform modules is introduced, where an R-module U is called te-comonoform if for each paper submodule V of U and for each f ≠ 0,

f
∈
Hom
⁡

(
U
,

U

V

)

, f(U) ≤
t
e
s

U/V. Many properties related with this concept are given. Moreover many connections between this concept and certain modules are presented.
One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanoparticles Using Chemical Reaction
Authors: Al-Janabi Noora , Al-Nafiey Amer K.
Published: March 2021

The rGO-Ag NPs nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by one-step with a chemical reduction method. This method’s characteristics by three points are easy, short time does not exceed three mint and one-step. The rGO-AgNPs nanocomposite was analyzed with a (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. Fourier Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy EDX. The results have shown the graphene oxide has been reduced as confirmed by UV-VIS, FTIR, and XRD, and the AFM, SEM analysis confirmed the presence of silver particles in nanoscale and anchored on the reduced graphene oxide sheets with high density and homogenous.
Detection of Image Forgery Using Information Standard Method With SVM
Authors: Mohammed Alyaa Hashem , Badr Duraid Hussein , Ali Fathala
Published: March 2021

Depending on various features, image forgery is now used to enhance and restore images to make them more significant, whereas image forgery is performed by vulnerable people to generate fake truths by tampering images. From large (image) databases, a specified number of images forgery, new mechanism will have implemented to detect systems which is mainly based on two procedures. The first procedure relies on extract features of image through filters (LBP, Gabor, PCA and DCT) to find out its efficiency evaluated using some Statistics Measurements(Mean, Variance) and the second procedure relies on several quality metrics in optimization processes which (PSNR, MSE, AIC) have been calculated to which results in better quality compared to other image by combining selected filters with SVM, and, through experimental test, it was found that this proposed method of detect forgery technique is powerful than the classical detect system. The proposed methodology gives the better accuracy up to 98.5%, to detect and extract all type of forgery, with image enhancement capabilities.
J-semi regular modules
Authors: Turki Lewaa R. , Khalid Wasan
Published: March 2021

Let R be a ring with identity and let M be a left R-module. M is called J-semiregular module if every cyclic submodule of M is J-lying over a projective summand of M, The aim of this paper is to introduce properties of J-semiregular module Especially, we give characterizations of J-semiregular module. On the other hand, the notion of J-semi hollow modules is studied as a generalization of semi hollow modules, finally F-J-semiregular modules is studied as a generalization of F-semiregular modules.
Performance Analysis of a novel Fusion Adder/Subtractor design
Authors: Prathap Joseph Anthony , Nithya R. , Jegadeeshwari P. , Kasilingam Gowrishankar
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a novel fusion 1bit Adder/Subtractor design using the CMOS transistor. The proposed novel fusion 1 bit Adder/Subtractor is utilized in the design of parallel adder/subtractor with the resolution upto 27 bits. Though there are several design technologies like static CMOS logic, Dynamic CMOS, CPL, Transmission Gate Array, the proposed Fusion Design is advantageous for minimized chip area, low power consumption and high speed of operation. In this work, two circuit topologies are proposed by utilizing the 8T and 12T XOR CMOS design for the novel Fusion Adder/Subtractor. This paper compares the parametric values of power, delay and area with the existing methods. The proposed design is developed using the Cadence Virtuoso Tool with the technology of 45 nm. The proposed fusion design exhibits low power and delay as the resolution of the design is increased. Also the chip area is 0.3138µm2 for the 28T FAS circuit and 0.165 µm2 for the proposed 24T FAS circuit.
Corryvreckan: a modular 4D track reconstruction and analysis software for test beam data
Authors: Dannheim D. , Dort K. , Huth L. , Hynds D. , Kremastiotis I. , Kröger J. , Munker M. , Pitters F. , Schütze P. , Spannagel S. , Vanat T. , Williams M.
Published: March 2021

Corryvreckan is a versatile, highly configurable software with a modular structure designed to reconstruct and analyse test beam and laboratory data.
It caters to the needs of the test beam community by providing a flexible offline event building facility to combine detectors with different readout schemes, with or without trigger information, and includes the possibility to correlate data from multiple devices based on timestamps.

Hit timing information, available with high precision from an increasing number of detectors, can be used in clustering and tracking to reduce combinatorics.
Several algorithms, including an implementation of Millepede-II, are provided for offline alignment.
A graphical user interface enables direct monitoring of the reconstruction progress and can be employed for quasi-online monitoring during data taking.

This work introduces the Corryvreckan framework architecture and user interface, and provides a detailed overview of the event building algorithm.
The reconstruction and analysis capabilities are demonstrated with data recorded at the DESY II Test Beam Facility using the EUDAQ2 data acquisition framework with an EUDET-type beam telescope, a Timepix3 timing reference, a fine-pitch planar silicon sensor with CLICpix2 readout and the AIDA Trigger Logic Unit.
The individual steps of the reconstruction chain are presented in detail.
A humidity-based exposure index representing ozone damage effects on vegetation
Authors: Gong Cheng , Yue Xu , Liao Hong , Ma Yimian
Published: March 2021

Surface ozone (O3) is detrimental to plant health. Traditional exposure indexes, such as accumulated hourly O3 concentrations over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40), are easy to be derived and widely used to assess O3 damage effects on vegetation. However, the regulation of environmental stresses on O3 stomatal uptake is ignored. In comparison, the dose-based indexes are much more reasonable but require complex parameterization that hinders further applications. Here, we propose a new humidity-based index (O3RH) representing O3 damage effects on vegetation, which can be simply derived using ground-level O3 and relative humidity (RH). Compared with O3 damages to gross primary productivity (GPPd) derived from a process-based scheme over May to October in 2015–2018, the O3RH index shows spatial correlations of 0.59 in China, 0.62 in U.S., and 0.58 (P< 0.01) in Europe, much higher than the correlations of 0.16, −0.22, and 0.24 (P< 0.01) for AOT40. Meanwhile, the O3RH index shows temporal correlations of 0.73 in China, 0.82 in U.S, and 0.81 (P< 0.01) in Europe with GPPd, again higher than the correlations of 0.50, 0.67, and 0.79 (P< 0.01) for AOT40. Analyses of O3RH reveal relatively stable trend of O3 vegetation damages in eastern U.S. and western Europe, despite the long-term reductions in local O3 pollution levels. Our study suggests the substitution of traditional exposure-based indexes such as AOT40 with O3RH for more reasonable assessments of O3 ecological effects.
Generalization of the Einstein coefficients and rate equations under the quantum Rabi oscillation
Authors: Islam Najirul , Biswas Shyamal
Published: March 2021

We have generalized Einstein coefficients and rate equations from quantum field theoretic point of view by bringing the fundamental processes and the quantum Rabi oscillation in a single footing for the light–matter interactions for nonzero Rabi frequency. We have analytically obtained multimode Jaynes–Cummings model results for the quantum Rabi oscillation of a two-level system in a lossy resonant cavity containing (i) thermal photons and (ii) injected photons of a coherent field. We have renormalized the coupling constant for the light–matter interactions for these cases. Our results match well with the seminal experimental data obtained in this regard by Brune et al (1996 Phys. Rev. Lett.
76 1800). We also have studied the population dynamics in this regard by applying the generalized Einstein rate equations.
Coastal erosion in Vietnam: Case studies and implication for integrated coastal zone management in the Vietnamese south-central coastline
Authors: Lin T Y , Onselen V M Van , Vo L P
Published: March 2021

Vietnam is a country that is heavily affected by global climate change, with the coastal zone and low-lying river deltas being especially vulnerable. The coastal zone has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, as coastal tourism and other social-economic developments and industries all seek fortune and exploit resources in this area. Along with this rapid economic growth, the coastal zone has suffered severe impacts of both human activities and global climate change, resulting in an increasing number of coastal hazards, such as typhoons, floods, saline intrusion, and coastal erosion. The purpose of this paper is to identify natural and human factors that affect coastal erosion through case studies in the south-central coastline. Measures for minimizing threats to both socio-economic activities and the surrounding natural environments are brought forward, in which integrated coastal zone management approach plays a key role. In addition to addressing the issues and potential management strategies, selected coastal areas in Vietnam characterized by severe coastal erosion are studied in terms of coastline dynamics, changing beach morphologies and coastal engineering structures through on-site measurements and aerial images. Seasonal variations and changing beach morphologies after the construction of coastal engineering works are clearly visible.
A study on the optimization of photocatalytic removal of enrofloxacin using TiO2 material
Authors: Tien Nguyen Thi Cam , Huyen Trinh Thi Bich , Hien Lam Pham Thanh , Huy Nguyen Nhat
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, antibiotics are used with increasing frequency to meet the needs of human life. The excretion of humans and animals in the livestock industry into the environment generates emerging pollutants with a potentially high risk for cancer, antibiotic resistance, and ecological imbalance. Among strategy for antibiotic removal, advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis using TiO2 material is a promising technology. This study is aimed to optimize the operational factors for removing enrofloxacin from water using TiO2 photocatalyst under UV-A irradiation. The experiments were designed with 30 experiments and 6 center repetitions to test the effects of initial enrofloxacin concentration, catalyst dosage, reaction time, and solution pH on the treatment performance. An optimal condition was found at the catalytic dosage of 1.0811 g/L, the initial enrofloxacin concentration of 21.405 mg/L, pH 5.946, and the reaction time of 120 min. Under these conditions, the enrofloxacin was almost eliminated. It can be concluded that the photocatalysis with TiO2 is fully capable of thoroughly treating enrofloxacin in water.
Assessing the risk of land use change in the centre of the Ba river basin, Vietnam
Authors: Tham Han T N , Nguyen Duoc T , Pham Thy T M , Nguyen Huong T T , Lam Nguyen D
Published: March 2021

Land use/land cover (LULC) changes may lead to vulnerable land resource and imbalanced ecosystem. This paper aimed to identify the change of LULC in the center of the Ba river basin. As well, the risk of land use change (LUC) was assessed based on remote sensing data and Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the areas where LULC can modify with varying degrees. The LULC and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data processed from Landsat images on Google Earth Engine platform were overlayed to create a zoning map of LUC risk levels in dry season of 2010 and 2020. Over 10 years, the largest increased area was bare land with a growth of 4.98%; whereas the most reduced area was shrub with a decrease of 4.21%. Forest area accounted for the highest proportion of the whole area. LULC classes and NDVI values were assigned different risk weightages to produce the risk distribution map of LUC levels and susceptible areas. The results revealed the most risk zones (High and Very high) constituted more than 50% and stayed steadily from 2010 to 2020, in which shrub areas were partially transformed to bare land or agricultural land due to economic development.
Web Gis and Remote Sensing Solutions for Monitoring and Thematic Mapping in the Mekong Delta Region
Authors: Trung Le Van , Lam Le Ngoc , Tam Dao Minh
Published: March 2021

GIS and Remote Sensing technology had been widely applied in Viet Nam. However, research orientation and development of Web GIS and Remote Sensing solutions for regional management approach also indicates many difficulties and challenges. This paper aims to introduce Web GIS and Remote sensing solutions that can be used in monitoring salinity intrusion and land cover mapping to support the implementation of sustainable development strategy of the Mekong Delta region. The experimental results show the online mapping applications based on Landsat images open a new way that can be effectively applied in monitoring salinity intrusion in river network, updating the status of land cover changes and analysing the trend of forest-cover changes in this region. Results of this study also illustrate the suitable technology available to support regional organizations to create thematic maps in monitoring and managing the natural resources and environment of provinces/cities that can achieve high accuracy and save time.
Enumeration and characterization of bacteria from civet gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Muzaifa M , Hasni D , Abubakar Y , Febriani  , Abubakar A
Published: March 2021

Civet coffee is one of expensive coffee in the world. The demand for civet coffee is increasing but unfortunately the production is very limited. This condition triggers frequent counterfeiting of civet coffee. Artificial civet coffee production is possible by imitating fermentation in the digestive tract of civet animals. However up to now, information on the microbiological system of the civet digestive tract is still very limited. This study aims to determine the bacterial population from the mongoose digestive tract and to determine its potential in breaking down protein and pectin. The research was carried out by luwak surgery, isolation and enumeration of civet digestive tract bacteria and their characterization. Analysis of civet digestive tract bacteria is carried out by collecting fluid from the three parts of the civet digestive tract, namely the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The results showed that the population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was lower than non-LAB in each part of the civet digestive tract. There were 11 pure isolates with various morphological and biochemical characteristics. Four potential isolates were obtained which had the ability to break down protein as well as pectin.
Characteristics of soybean yield influenced by the application of herbicides oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin
Authors: Hasanuddin  , Hafsah S , Hayati E , Nurahmi E , Halimursyadah  , Saputri U N , Manfarizah  , Aryani D S
Published: March 2021

Type and dose of herbicides are important factors affecting weed control efficacy on soybean crop. This research was conducted to discover the effective doses of oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin to control weeds, starting from May to August 2019 in Meunasah Manyang Village, Krueng Barona Jaya District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh, using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) Factorial. The first factor was type of herbicide: oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin, and the second factor was doses of herbicide: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg ai ha-1. The results showed that type of herbicide affected the weed dry weight, number of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant. Oxyfluorfen reduced weed dry weight but it increased the number of seeds per plant and number of pods per plant. The application of different doses also affected weed dry weight, number of pods per plant and weight of 100 seeds, where dose 1.5 kg ai ha-1 lowered weed dry weight but it also improved the weight of 100 seeds. There was an interaction between type and dose of herbicide on the number of pods per plant. It showed that the application of 1.5 kg ai ha-1 oxyfluorfen increased the number of pods per plant.
Growth and biomass production of chicory (Cichorium intybus L) planted in intercropping system with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott and cut at different ages
Authors: Zaini N , Umami N , Hanim C , Astuti A , Suwignyo B
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the growth and biomass production of chicory planted in intercropping system with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (odot grass) and on different ages. Planting were carried out on plots measuring 2.5x2.5 m with 40x40 cm of sub plots for chicory. Odot grass stems were planted, 9 stems in 1 plot and chicory seeds were spread on the sub plots between the odot grass. Experimental treatments were three different cutting ages, i.e. 30, 45 and 60 days (U1, U2, and U3 respectively). Each treatment was replicated 3 times, resulting in 9 plots in total. The observed variables were plant height, fresh production, dry matter, and organic matter content. The results of the study showed that different cutting ages produced significant differences on height, fresh production, dry matter content, and organic matter content (P value <0.05). The highest production of chicory and odot grass was observed highest on cutting age of 60 days, namely 7.95 ton/ha and 15.14 ton/ha. However, the dry matter content of odot grass was not significantly different. It can be concluded that chicory planted on intercropping system with odot grass and cut on 60 days old yields the highest production.
Nutrient digestibility and meat production of broiler chicken fed with symbiotic (a mixture of Lactobacillus casei and garlic powder)
Authors: Mangisah I , Yunianto V D , Sumarsih S , Sugiharto S
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to investigate the effect of a symbiotic of Lactobacillus casei and garlic powder (SLG) as an antibiotic substitution on nutrient digestibility and meat production of broiler chickens. A total of 175 of 1-day-old chick were allotted to 5 dietary treatments, i.e. antibiotic, symbiotic 0,1,2 and 3%. The study was arranged with a completely randomized design. The observed variables included nutrient digestibility (protein, crude fiber, fat) and meat production. Dietary symbiotic supplementation significantly increased nutrient digestibility and meat production in broiler chickens. SLG treatment significantly affected and better than control. Protein digestibility in the antibiotic group was better than in the control group, but the same as in the symbiotic group. Meanwhile, the digestibility of crude fiber and crude fat in the antibiotic group was lower than the symbiotic group. This means that symbiotic can be used as a substitute for antibiotics. In conclusions, broilers in the SLG treatment group showed better nutrient digestibility and meat production than control. Symbiotic of Lactobacillus casei and garlic powder (SLG) can be effectively used to growth promoter in the broiler chickens.
Effect of liquid probiotic administration on performances, carcass and giblet characteristics in commercial broiler chickens
Authors: Wahyudi I , Zammiluni  , Ilham  , Khairi F , Tarman A , Wajizah S , Samadi
Published: March 2021

Administration of antibiotic as feed additive in animal nutrition has been highly concerned due to adverse effect of antibiotic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate administration of liquid probiotic on performances, carcass and giblet characteristics in commercial broiler chickens. Totally 100 mixed sex commercial chickens were randomly distributed to four various treatment groups. Each treatment was administrated various concentration of liquid probiotic in the water (P1=control, P2= 1.0 % of liquid probiotic, P3= 1.5 % of liquid probiotic, and P4= 2.0 % of liquid probiotic) in the drinking water. Broiler chickens were fed commercial feed. Parameters evaluated in this study were broilers performances body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water consumption (WTC) for 4 weeks. The results of the study showed that administration of probiotics was no significantly different (P>0.05) on animal performances (BW, FI and FCR) but significantly different on WTC. Drumstick as part of carcass significantly improved (P<0.05) by administration of liquid probiotics. In conclusion administration of liquid probiotics in broiler had no negative effects on animal performance, carcass and giblet characteristics and it can be applied as alternative feed additives as replacement of antibiotics.
The effect of pruning type on old seedling of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to the growth and yield
Authors: Kesumawati E , Amalia R , Fitrizal  , Rahmawati M
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to determine the effect of the pruning type to old seedling of chili plants to the growth and yield. The research was conducted from April until August 2019 at Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh. The research was designed as a non-factorial randomized block design with four levels of treatment and six replications. There were 72 units of polybags of research. Pruning types consist of four levels, namely control (no pruning), shoot pruning, root pruning, and combination of shoot and root pruning. The result indicates that pruning type had a very significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit per plant, each fruit weight, weight of fruit per plant, and plant productivity, it also indicates a significant effect on the length of fruit. Better growth and yield of chili pepper are found in root pruned plant and control. The high fruit length and each fruit weight are found in shoot pruned and the combination of shoot and root pruned plant. The highest number of productive branches and diameter of fruit are found in combination of shoot and root pruned plant. The lowest percentage of virus symptomatic plants and early flowering is found in the control.
Profile and population dynamics of Aceh cattle in livestock breeding and forage centre, Indrapuri
Authors: Widyaningrum R , Budisatria IG S , Fathoni A , Maharani D
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the profile and population dynamics of Aceh cattle in Livestock Breeding and Forage Center (BPTU-HPT), Indrapuri. On the Aceh cattle profile, qualitative data consisting of the colour and form of the horns and quantitative data consisting of the weight and body size were used. The data for population dynamics was the livestock recording data, which includes population structure of Aceh cattle, death, births, expenditure and animal input data for five years (2015 to 2019). Population dynamics have been predicted by time series analysis. The results showed Aceh cattle in BPTU-HPT Indrapuri have a predominantly brick red colour, with a lower body weight and size compared to other local Indonesian cattle. Furthermore, it was projected that the population dynamics of Aceh cattle will increase by an average of 65 heads or 6.02 per cent from 2020 to 2024. In conclusion, Aceh cattle have different profile from other local Indonesian cattle, with a smaller phenotype in particular, but a strong resistance to bad environments. Furthermore, based on the estimates of population dynamics analysis, it has the potential to continue evolving as breeding stock source in BPTU-HPT, Indrapuri.
Survival ability of Bacillus cereus LS2B in the presence of tannery wastewater
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Azhar I , Prasetyo R A , Abidin M Z , Erwanto Y , Kurniawati N , Pertiwiningrum A
Published: March 2021

The leather industry's production activity affects liquid waste containing a high amount of organic and chemical compounds. This study aims to determine Bacillus cereus LS2 B's survival ability in the medium with the presence of fresh untreated tannery wastewater. The growth characterization was made and observed in the agar medium with 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% tannery wastewater. Growth profile in a liquid medium was observed with the addition of 0; 25; and 50% tannery wastewater. The survival ability of Bacillus cereus LS2B was observed by a visual colony formed in the agar medium, the optical density (OD600) of cell bacteria in the liquid medium, and the cell viability. The growth of Bacillus cereus LS2B could not be confirmed at both solid and liquid medium with tannery wastewater more than 25%. The survival ability and cell activity were observed in the agar medium containing 25% tannery wastewater after incubation time at 48 hours. The growth curve was also observed at a liquid medium containing tannery wastewater at 25% during 36 hours observation since at the 12th hour. Thus, Bacillus cereus LS2B could tolerate up to 25% of fresh untreated tannery wastewater in the solid and liquid medium.
Diversity of ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) in organic and conventional Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah Regency, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Jauharlina J , Husni H , Halimursyadah H , Rizali A , Febrian T A
Published: March 2021

Several ant species are known as predators of coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, the most damaging pest on coffee plantations. We investigated ant diversity and looked at their role in Arabica coffee plantation in Aceh Tengah Regency, Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Ants were sampled four times between February and July 2020 using pitfall traps. We found 5 subfamilies and 17 morphospecies of ants collectively in organic and conventional plantations. Eight of them belonged to subfamily Myrmicinae, one species each for subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae and Formicinae, while others belonged to subfamily Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae. The slightly higher ant species composition in conventional coffee might have been caused by the fallen CBB infested berries on the ground that might attract more ant species to come. There was no significant different in each diversity indices calculated for both coffee cultivation, even though the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) in the conventional coffee was relatively higher. Most of ant species were general foragers and some of them are known as predators of CBB. This study has provided important information regarding ant fauna in coffee plantations locally which is an early step to conserve ant species to be used as biological control agents of CBB.
Sensory characteristic of espresso coffee prepared from Gayo arabica coffee roasted at various times and temperatures
Authors: Abubakar Y , Sabariana S , Rasdiansyah R , Hasni D
Published: March 2021

Gayo Arabica Coffee cultivated in mountainous area of Central Aceh has a distinctive, fruit-like aroma and a delicate flavor. Therefore, it is very popular among coffee drinkers, and Baristas. However, information about relation between degree of roasting and organoleptic quality of Gayo Arabica espresso is very limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate sensory quality of Gayo Arabica espresso. Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors was employed in this study. The first factor was roasting temperature (with three levels), i.e. 193°C, 204°C and 213°C, while the second factor was roasting time (with three levels) i.e. 9 minutes, 12 minutes and 15 minutes. Results show that roasting temperature has a very significant effect, while roasting times has a significant effect on sensory quality of Gayo Arabica espresso. As roasting temperatures and roasting times increase, pH values also increase. The highest cup score (85.08) was obtained from coffee roasted at 204°C for 12 minute. The Gayo coffee espresso had nutty, floral and spicy characters. Nevertheless, hedonic test showed that local customers prefer espresso coffee prepared from the bean roasted at 213 °C for 12 minutes, giving nutty, fruity, herby, floral, spicy and grassy characters.
The effect of giving a combination of Tabut and ammoniated citronella waste on the physiological and hematological responses of lactating Etawa crossbreed goats
Authors: Mudatsir  , Dzarnisa  , Rachmadi D
Published: March 2021

This research used a combination of Tabut and citronella waste in Etawa crossbreed goats (PE). The goats used in the research were divided into 5 treatments and 3 groups. The subjects were 15 female Etawa crossbreed. The grouping was done based on lactation period. The parameters observed were physiological profile (respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature) and hematological profile (hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, and leucocyte). Data were processed using SPSS version 16 software based on a randomized block design. ANOVA variance analysis was carried out with the F test at a 95% confidence interval (a = 0.05). The results of testing the physiological response and the hematological response showed that there was no effect (P> 0.05) of the combination of tabut and ammoniated citronella waste on respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. The average obtained tends to be normal, therefore the combination of tabut and ammoniated citronella waste given to Etawa crossbreed goats can be applied to dairy livestock and it is recommended with a combination ratio of 6% tabut and 2% ammoniated citronella waste.
The study of silvicultural aspects of community forest in Buana Sakti Lampung Province
Authors: Muslih A M , Bintoro A , Duryat  , Subhan  , Arlita T , Rasyid U H Ar , Umam A H , Farida A , Yanti L A
Published: March 2021

The silvicultural aspect of forest community is a network of planned activities starting from the type of selection, nursery, land preparation, cultivation, maintenance to planting. This research aims to determine the silvicultural aspects applied by the community in Buana Sakti Village. This research was conducted in January 2013 in Buana Sakti Village, Batanghari District, East Lampung Regency. The sample of respondents in this research amounted 40 persons who were randomly selected using the simple random sampling method. The composition of forest community’s plant species was collected using centralized radian plots. The results of research are presented in tabular form and, analysed descriptively. The silvicultural aspects applied by the community of Buana Sakti District are patchwork and simple silvicultural aspects. The type of community forest composition among respondent in Buana Sakti Deistrict consisted of 60% forestry plants, 25% plantation crops, and 15% agricultural crops. The largest intersections for the growth phases of trees and poles were acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) with a total of 96 stems / ha and 1265 stems / ha. Meanwhile, for the seedling and sapling phases, the largest intersection was cempaka (Michelia champaca) which was of 2000 stem / ha.
Assessment of the growth of floating rice lines and resistant to salinity at the seed germination and seedling growth stage
Authors: Quí T P
Published: March 2021

The growth of 11 floating rice lines had already been a selection when affected by salinity stress. The method demonstrates that the amount of NaCl (0, 1, 3, 5 g/l) was irrigated into lines in a plastic round box after seeds were been nurseries on 2 days, where the growth of lines was affected by salt stress during seedling growth and germination. The study illustrated that the stress caused by salinity causes a decrease in all currents development as the salinity level increases between the growth of the currents, the coleoptile length, the number of roots, root length, fresh and dry weights varied downward trends more than 50% and germination percentage created from 96.30% to 92.55%, from zero to 5 g/l NaCl at the seed germination stage. This stage, it is apparent that the CQS28 line was the best coleoptile length (4.21 cm), the number of roots (3.72 roots), root length (12.88 cm), fresh weight (0.92 g/10 seedlings), dry weight (0.13 g/10 seedlings) and germination percentage (98.50%) overall and the CQS44 line was the lowest. These did not change when the effect of saline stress on the growth of lines in both the period was good CQS28 and less CQS44.
The role of mixed starter and the addition of guava juice in improving the physical quality of fermented goat milk
Authors: Yurliasni  , Hanum Z , Fitri C A , Yusra
Published: March 2021

Research has been conducted to study the role of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum as a mixed starter and addition of guava juice in improving the physical quality of fermented goat milk. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used consisting of 4 treatment and 4 replications in order to obtain 16 experimental units. The treatment applied was a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium, which is K1 = 1: 4; K2 = 2: 3; K3 = 3: 2 and K4 = 4: 1; Guava juice was added at a constant rate of 5% of the sample volume. The evaluated variables were the syneresis level and viscosity of fermented goat milk. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test as further analysis. Based on the analysis of variance, it showed that the starter combination had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the viscosity but had no effect on the syneresis of fermented goat milk.
Analysis of land suitability for Aceh cattle based on environmental physical characteristics (case study in Aceh Besar district)
Authors: Saputra R , Rusdi M , Samadi
Published: March 2021

The excellent germplasm of Aceh cattle, which are an important genetic resource for local breeds in Indonesia, need to be protected and preserved to maintain their population. Animals can reach optimal physical conditions, if they are allowed to grow in areas with a suitable environmental. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the topography of different areas to determine land suitability for different breeds of cattle in Aceh, Indonesia. This article discusses concepts of land suitability and its potential as a tool to measure the success of animal husbandry. The focus of evaluation of this method is by combining various geographical GIS information, including spatial for kinds of soils, land elevation, slope, climate, rainfall and temperature, with the FAO standard in order to determine land suitability. For approval of the function of this application, it is required to analyze the geospatial data arranged based on FAO standards for land suitability. The results of the study indicated that about 96.48% of all areas in Aceh Besar district were categorized as suitable (S) for the area of cattle Aceh (orders) and only 3.52% of the areas were not suitable (N) for cattle.
Measurement level of incursion cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella snella) at community cocoa plantations in East Aceh Regency, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyani C , Husni  , Bakti D , Azhar
Published: March 2021

East Aceh Regency constitutes as one of the central cocoa production areas in the Aceh Province. The main problem faced in the cultivation of cocoa plants is the high instances of attack from the Plants Gadfly Organism, especially the Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB), which can lead to a decrease in the production of cocoa. The purpose of this research is to investigate the percentage and the intensity of CPB pest attacks at community cocoa plantations. The study was conducted in the East Aceh Regency of the Aceh Province in Indonesia. Research was initiated from January until April of 2020. This research utilized a survey method; here the location was determined using a purposive sampling method. Each plantation was classified by untreated plantations, sober treated plantations, intensive treated plantations that implemented the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practice. The occurrences of CPB attacks were observed in each classification. The results showed that the levels of incursions by CPB pests was different depending on the classification level of the plantation. The findings highlighted the importance of implementing the practice of IPM to reduce instances of CPB incursion.
Sustainability studies of smallholder livestock based on climatological conditions, land resources and farmer profile
Authors: Anggraini L J , Panjono  , Ngadiyono N , Bintara S , Baliarti E
Published: March 2021

Bali Island is one of the islands in Indonesia that is vulnerable to climate change. To support mitigation and adaptation efforts, information on climate change in Bali is needed. Sustainability in the field of animal husbandry is of course very important. Especially for beef cattle,. The aim is to assess the sustainability of smallholder livestock based on climatological conditions, land resources, and farmer profiles. The research was conducted in Bangli and Gianyar Regencies, Bali Province. The material used is 200 farmers with direct interviews. The method used was the Participating Rural Appraisal (PRA) survey. The results of the research on land resources in Bangli Regency were 42,502 ha of plantation land (29.92%) with the type of coffee plantation, while in Gianyar Regency using an area of 14,790 ha (40.19%). From the breeder profile. The results showed that most of the farmers were old, had low education, had low main jobs as breeders and livestock. The positive thing is that farming takes a long time and has good detection capabilities so that it can be detrimental to the experience that climatological conditions, land resources, and farmer profiles can continue for small farmers in Bali.
The dynamic changes in peri-urban agricultural area and typology of multi-function agriculture in Batu City, Indonesia
Authors: Wisnubroto E I , Rustiadi E , Fauzi A , Murtilaksono K
Published: March 2021

Urbanization and population growth are logical consequences for economic growth and regional development. In the face of the pressure of urbanization, both in the form of competition for land use and increasing food needs, an adaptation effort of the agricultural system is needed. This study analyzes the patterns of in-situ urbanization that occurred in Batu City, East Java, and the dynamics of the development of agricultural areas in Batu City. This study used land use change analysis, descriptive statistics on socio-economic data, and spatial clustering analysis to map and obtain a relationship between in-situ urbanization processes that occur with the development of agricultural areas in Batu City. The results of this study indicate that there was a strong relationship between the process of in-situ urbanization that occurred in Batu City towards changes in agricultural land use and resulted in the adaptation of a multifunctional farming system in Batu City. There are three types of multifunction agriculture in the Batu City, with focused on incorporating the tourism and agriculture, and create a strong social-environmental awareness of the sustainability development. The development of multifunctional agriculture in Batu City is one of the main strategies to face of current in-situ urbanization.
Global pandemic and agriculture in Aceh Province, Indonesia: an initial impact
Authors: Ulfa A , Nugroho A , Pospos T H , Suherman G , Ariyati N
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 has affected all sectors of life, including farmer households. The implementation of social distancing and others initiated by the local government has influenced farmers' lifestyle in rural areas. This study aims to identify the initial impact of COVID-19 on farmers living in the Aceh Province. The data was collected using an online survey and was analyzed using a descriptive statistics approach. This study found that the economic impacts on farmers' vulnerability are more dominant than the health sectors. This study suggests that broader responses need to be conducted to clarify these initial findings.
Evaluation of slaughter and sanitation in slaughterhouse category ii
Authors: Gaznur Z M , Nuraini H , Priyanto R
Published: March 2021

Meat is one of main source of animal protein that provides nutrition to humans, and it is produced through the slaughter process in a slaughterhouse. The existence of the slaughterhouse is important to ensure safe, healthy, wholesome, and halal meat. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of halal slaughter and sanitation during the slaughter process in the slaughterhouse category II. Total plate count (TPC), Salmonella sp, Coliform, and Escherichia coli were analysed by using the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) method. Halal slaughter was carried out under observation with GSP forms that refer to Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No. 413/310/7/1992, RI Government Regulation No 95/2012 and the Indonesian Ulama Council (LPPOM-MUI) as well as the Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Assessment Institute HAS 23103 (2012). The results of the total plate count (TPC), Salmonella sp, Coliform, and Escherichia coli in meat was under the maximum threshold set by the Indonesian National Standard (INS) and halal slaughter in slaughterhouse category II already meet the standard requirement of Islamic law based on the Halal Assurance System (HAS) of the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI).
Effect of different altitudes on milk fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) profiles
Authors: Anzhany D , Despal  , Toharmat T , Nuraina N , Hamidah A N , Rofiah N
Published: March 2021

Geographical position and feed quality of farms in highland and lowland, particularly in the tropical region, cause the differences in milk quality. One of the factors that influenced milk quality is the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk. The objective of this study is to compare the FA profiles of milk produced by farms in highland and lowland regions. Milk sampling was done by random purposive method at two regions which have different altitudes. Milk sampling was conducted with 28 farmers whose cows were fed botanically diverse forages and with commercial mix concentrate of dairy cows. The FA profiles of the milk samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC-7820A/G4350B, Agilent Technologies). Individual FAME was identified by comparison to standard mixture Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix and standard CLA (O5507, Sigma-Aldrich). The FA profiles were statistically analyzed for normality test and t-test carried out by SPSS ver.22. There were nine significantly different FA profiles consisting of C6:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1-trans9, C18:2-trans, C18:2-cis, and C18:2-CLA. The milk from the lowland region has higher PUFA content, especially CLA content, and also has lower SFA content. The conclusion is milk from highland and lowland regions consists of different FA profiles.