bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient perspectives of recovery following major musculoskeletal trauma: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Norris Sarah , Graham Laura , Wilkinson Lynne , Savory Sinead , Robinson Lisa
Published: November 2023

Background

Improved survival following major trauma has resulted in an increased number of patients with complex physical, functional and psychosocial needs requiring specialist multidisciplinary rehabilitation. A key challenge in modern trauma care is to deliver rehabilitation interventions that translate into improved outcomes. This study aimed to synthesise patient perceptions of recovery following major musculoskeletal trauma.

Methods

A pre-planned literature search (CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and other sources) was performed 28/02/22–03/03/22 (updated 29/3/23–17/4/23 prior to submission) to capture all available qualitative or mixed methods studies describing major musculoskeletal trauma recovery from the patient perspective. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs evaluation tool and the mixed methods appraisal tool. The qualitative data was thematically analysed.

Findings

Of 5648 distinct studies, 18 studies met the criteria for inclusion totalling 637 participants. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data found that recovery following major musculoskeletal trauma has physical, psychological and socio-functional dimensions. Successful recovery involves ‘crafting a new normal’ and is both a process and an outcome. Three major themes were identified: vulnerability; learning to manage; adaptation and adjustment. Patients do not experience each theme in a linear way; instead, they move through the recovery process in an individualised and cyclical manner.

Conclusion

This review highlights the individual experience of recovery, which requires flexible and holistic care to facilitate an occupational (or socio-functional) perspective on major musculoskeletal trauma recovery. Therefore, organisationally, an effective multi-disciplinary team model of care is essential to support survival as a long-term condition.
Language as a source of otherness
Authors: Wilmot Natalie Victoria , Vigier Mary , Humonen Kristina
Published: November 2023

Language is now firmly on the research agenda for international business and management. However, although attention is now being given to the effects of language on social interactions, rather than purely focusing on language as a matter of strategic priority, there is relatively little known about how language contributes to Othering processes in which employees experience marginalisation and exclusion as a result of evaluations of their linguistic competences. This conceptual paper highlights a number of ways in which linguistic evaluations drive such processes, and particularly draws on postcolonial perspectives in order to explore language as a tool of marginalisation and oppression. We demonstrate that language is closely tied to ideological constructions of the ideal worker, and highlight that English-language competence in particular, is often positioned as an essential skill for managerial roles, which can lead to exclusion of those who do not confirm to this expectation. Additionally, we draw on research which explores language as a key component of social identity, and thus an important factor in the construction of in-groups and out-groups within the workplace, in order to demonstrate not only the influence of context on the salience of language as a marker of identity, but also how language intersects with other identity characteristics in processes of exclusion. We conclude by demonstrating the possibilities to resist Othering in order to create more inclusive workplace environments.
Predicting Moffitt's Developmental Taxonomy of Antisocial Behavior Using Life History Theory: A Partial Test of the Evolutionary Taxonomy
Authors: Nedelec Joseph L. , DiRienzo Francesco
Published: November 2023

Evolutionary criminology is an approach to the understanding of crime and criminality that is based in part on key aspects of evolutionary psychology. The approach allows for a renewed examination of traditional criminological assumptions and can serve to further enhance theoretical viewpoints on antisocial behavior. The recently developed evolutionary taxonomy theory is an example of such an approach. Relying on the tenets of life history theory, the evolutionary taxonomy was proposed as a theoretical scaffolding for Moffitt's developmental taxonomy of offending. While recent tests of the evolutionary taxonomy have been informative, lacking from the existing literature is an assessment of the extent to which measures of life history theory can predict classification into offending groups based on Moffitt's developmental taxonomy. The current study provided a partial test of classification predictions using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescence to Adult Health study ( n  =  12,012). Results of multivariable regression analyses indicated that measures associated with somatic effort and aspects of the developmental environment were predictive of group classification, but measures associated with reproductive effort were not. Implications for evolutionary criminology and traditional criminology are discussed.
Adrenocortical Responses to Daily Stressors Are Calibrated by Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Adaptive Calibration Model
Authors: Schwartz Joseph A. , Calvi Jessica L. , Allen Samantha L. , Granger Douglas A.
Published: November 2023

Studies examining the impact of early adversity on physiological responsivity to environmental challenges in later life yield a complex pattern of findings and ambiguity regarding the direction of effect, with some studies reporting heightened responses and others reporting dampened responses. One potential reason for these mixed findings is an oversimplified theoretical model surrounding the connection between early life stressor exposure and subsequent stress responsivity. The adaptive calibration model offersa contemporary set of assumptions aimed at providing a better understanding of the ways that early life experiences shape the stress response system to better align with current and future environments. The current study utilized a large subsample from the National Study of Daily Experiences ( N = 1,605) to examine the extent to which the association between daily stressor exposure and cortisol levels varies across levels of early life adversity. Results revealed that those individuals who experienced extremely low levels of early life adversity displayed the greatest increase in cortisol levels across the day as daily stressor exposure increased. Alternatively, those individuals who experienced extremely high levels of early life adversity displayed almost no change in diurnal production of cortisol as daily stressor exposure increased. The results are discussed within the evolutionary-developmental context of the adaptive calibration model along with suggestions for future research.
The Effect of Perfusate Temperature on Delayed Graft Function in Deceased Donor Renal Transplantation
Authors: Sweet Ashley L. , Connelly Christopher R. , Dewey Elizabeth N. , Scott David L.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Renal allograft hypothermic machine perfusion results in a decreased incidence of delayed graft function compared with static cold storage. Ensuring perfusate temperatures remain within the target range of 4-10 °C may impact delayed graft function rates. Project Aims: To identify whether this target was achieved and, if not, whether higher perfusate temperature was associated with delayed graft function. Design: In this retrospective cohort study, transplanted grafts from deceased donors placed on hypothermic machine perfusion pump from June 2019 to August 2020 were analyzed. Measurements were recovered after 5, 15, 60, and 180 min of perfusion. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of delayed graft function. Results: A total of 113 grafts from 94 donors were analyzed. Of these, 21 (19%) developed delayed graft function. On univariable logistic regression, variables associated with delayed graft function included older donor age (OR 1.08, P = .002), higher Kidney Donor Profile Index score (OR 1.03, P = .024), and higher 5-min perfusate temperature (T5 min; OR 1.49, P = .014). A higher T5 min was also associated with delayed graft function in multivariable logistic regression models (OR 1.58, P = .005; OR 1.37, P = .08). Grafts with T5 min >10 °C were more likely to experience delayed graft function than those with T5 min <10 °C (OR 4.5, P = .006). Conclusion: Higher early perfusate temperature was an independent predictor of delayed graft function and may be due to inadequate cooling of the circuit prior to placing grafts on pump. Quality improvement initiatives targeting early perfusate temperatures of ≤10 °C may reduce delayed graft function incidence.
Licochalcone A Induces Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Reactive Oxygen Species Activated by the SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Jin-Xin , Xiao Yan , Li Yi-Quan , Zhu Yi-Long , Li Ya-Ru , Zhao Ren-Shuang , Jin Ning-Yi , Fang Jin-Bo , Li Xiao , Han Ji-Cheng
Published: November 2023

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor, and its incidence is increasing yearly. Millions of people suffer from liver cancer annually, which has a serious impact on global public health security. Licochalcone A (Lico A), an important component of the traditional Chinese herb licorice, is a natural small molecule drug with multiple pharmacological activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of Lico A on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7), and explored the inhibitory mechanism of Lico A on hepatocellular carcinoma. First, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of Lico A on hepatocellular carcinoma, and showed that Lico A significantly inhibited and killed HepG2 and Huh-7 cells in vivo and in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis showed that Lico A inhibited the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which induced ferroptosis. We confirmed through in vivo and in vitro experiments that Lico A promoted ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating SLC7A11 expression, thereby inhibiting the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway and inducing activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we suggest that Lico A is a potential SLC7A11 inhibitor that induces ferroptotic death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of natural small molecule drugs against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Getting Close to the Issues
Authors: Ghaziani Amin
Published: November 2023

Amin Ghaziani interviews author, journalist, and podcaster Louise Callaghan about bringing a human element to global current events.
Adversity and Creativity
Authors: Ghaziani Amin
Published: November 2023

Amin Ghaziani interviews activist, journalist, and documentarian Rokhaya Diallo about adapting to find the right medium for every message.
Transgender Joy: Flipping the Script of Marginality
Authors: Westbrook Laurel , Shuster Stef M.
Published: November 2023

Though it is vital to attend to oppression and inequality, telling stories about trans joy helps scholars, trans people, and the public understand the full complexity of trans people’s lived experiences. Noticing, nurturing, and celebrating joy is a vital form of resistance for marginalized communities.
Machine Learning and the Reproduction of Inequality
Authors: Alegria Sharla , Yeh Catherine
Published: November 2023

Machine learning is the process behind increasingly pervasive and often proprietary tools like ChatGPT, facial recognition, and predictive policing programs. But these artificial intelligence programs are only as good as their training data. When the data smuggle in a host of racial, gender, and other inequalities, biased outputs become the norm.
Large Organizations Are Ignorantly Knowledgeable
Authors: Pedersen Carsten Lund
Published: November 2023

Carsten Lund Pedersen on knowing what we don’t know.
Endovascular Coil Embolization of an Enlarging Gastroduodenal Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Rahman Naveed A. , Lieb Kayla R. , Choudhry Asad , Chihade Deena B. , Feghali Anthony
Published: November 2023

Gastroduodenal artery aneurysms are a rare type of visceral aneurysm that can lead to rupture and death. We present a 75-year-old male with history of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia with an incidental finding of a 3.2 × 3.7 cm gastroduodenal aneurysm found on abdominal computed tomography angiography (CTA). After refusing surgical intervention, he was seen two years later and presented with an enlarged gastroduodenal aneurysm, now 5.0 × 5.1 cm, visible on a repeat abdominal CTA. Upon his continued refusal for an open surgery, we elected for endovascular repair of this GDA aneurysm via coil embolization.
A Novel Hybrid Approach to Management of KD: Role of Robotic Surgery
Authors: Mukherjee Dipankar , Singh Ramesh , Weyant Michael , Paolucci Benjamin , Ryan Liam
Published: November 2023

The management of Kommerell’s Diverticulum (KD) has been evolving from open repair to a hybrid of open and endovascular repair. While there is no consensus regarding the optimal strategy, the need for less invasive treatment with less morbidity early recovery, and improved quality of life is a common goal for both the patient and the provider.
The mental health of leaders in Australian government schools: Stress and burnout over a decade (2011–2020)
Authors: Arnold Ben , Rahimi Mark , Riley Phil
Published: November 2023

There is growing evidence that the complex and demanding nature of school leadership subjects many professionals in leadership positions to work-related strain and risk of mental health problems. This study analyses 16,460 survey responses from Government School leaders in general education settings, completed between 2011–2020, from the Australian Principal Occupational Health, Safety and Wellbeing survey. Over the 10-year period, almost one-third of Australian school leaders frequently experienced symptoms of burnout, and almost one in eight frequently experienced stress. Logistic regression indicated that female school leaders are at higher risk of burnout, while males are more likely to experience higher levels of stress. It was also determined that elementary school leaders were more likely to experience frequent stress or burnout than secondary school leaders, and early career leaders were more likely to experience higher levels of stress and burnout than leaders with more than 5 years’ experience. The analysis demonstrates that a large proportion of Australian school leaders are at risk of suffering from mental health problems and that urgent action is required to provide adequate support, reduce work-related risks, and promote healthy, sustainable work roles.
A retrospective analysis of complications associated with postpartum hemorrhage up to 1 year postpartum in mothers with and without a pre-existing mental health diagnosis
Authors: Endres Kodi , Razavi Nina , Tian Zizhong , Zhou Shouhao , Krawiec Conrad , Jasani Sona
Published: November 2023

Background/objectives:

There is limited research on the associated immediate and long-term outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage. Mothers with a pre-existing psychiatric disease prior to delivery may be especially vulnerable to postpartum hemorrhage outcomes but little is known on this topic. Barriers to studying this population exist and add to knowledge gaps. The goal of this study is to determine the clinical characteristics and frequency of complications within 1 year of a postpartum hemorrhage diagnosis and the psychiatric sequelae within 7 days of a postpartum hemorrhage diagnosis in mothers with a pre-existing mental health diagnosis prior to delivery versus those without.

Methods/design:

This is a multicenter retrospective observational cohort study using TriNetX, a de-identified electronic health record database. The following electronic health record data were collected and evaluated in postpartum females who were billed for either a vaginal or cesarean delivery: age, race, ethnicity, diagnostic codes, medication codes, and number of deaths.

Results:

We included 10,649 subjects (6994 (65.7%) no mental health diagnosis and 3655 (34.3%) pre-existing mental health diagnosis). Haloperidol administration (118 (3.2%) versus 129 (1.8%), p < 0.001) was more prevalent in subjects with a pre-existing mental health diagnosis. Adjusting for demographics, pre-existing mental health diagnoses were associated with complications within 1 year after postpartum hemorrhage diagnosis (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.26–1.52, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Having a mental health disorder history is associated with a higher odds of developing subsequent complications within 1 year of postpartum hemorrhage diagnosis. Mothers with a pre-existing mental health disorder have a significantly higher frequency of certain severe postpartum hemorrhage sequelae, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, retained placenta, sickle cell crisis, and need for mechanical ventilation/tracheostomy up to 1 year after delivery. Medications such as haloperidol were ordered more frequently within 7 days of a postpartum hemorrhage diagnosis in these mothers as well. Further research is needed to understand and manage the unique consequences of postpartum hemorrhage in this vulnerable maternal population.
Declarative tactical knowledge from 12 to 22 years old in a professional football club: Real Sociedad
Authors: Sánchez-López Rubén , Echeazarra Ibon , Arrieta Jon Mikel , Castellano Julen
Published: November 2023

This work aimed to measure and compare the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) of the total number of academy players (n = 163; 16.75 ± 2.42 years) from the seven teams that make up the men's section of a Spanish professional football club. The ‘TESTACTICO for F7’ tool was used to access the DTK of the participants in May 2022 (last part of the season), analysing the results obtained according to the age category (U14, U16, U19 and U23), and ensuring an adequate sample strength ( f = 0.26) via G*Power. The analysis of variancewas used, through Tukey's HSD contrast test for post hoc multiple comparisons, evaluating the magnitude of the differences found by pairs of age categories through Cohen's d effect size. The macro-level comparisons between age categories evidenced differences ( p ≤ .017) with different effect sizes (2.17 <  d > 0.55) in global, offensive and defensive scores, revealing two homogeneous groups: U14 + U16 and U19 + U23. In addition, the offensive score was higher than the defensive score in all age categories. At the meso-level, differences were found ( p ≤ .008) with different effect sizes (1.24 <  d > 0.22) in 12 variables. At the micro-level, offensive behaviours outside of the game centre linked to depth, width and positioning, as well as defensive situations in which a tackle must be made are not declaratively dominated in any age category. It is concluded that, in a specific performance-oriented context, although the overall DTK scores are influenced by the age, different changes between age categories were verified.
Effects of 16-weeks of strength training on jump height and anthropometric variables in U19 semi-professional male soccer players
Authors: González-Fernández Francisco Tomás , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Rodríguez-García Lorena , Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The aim of our study was to examine the effect of 16 weeks of strength training on anthropometric characteristics and jump height in semi-professional male players after a pre-season period.

Methods

A parallel two-group, longitudinal (pre, post) design was used with physical tests performed before (preintervention) and after (postintervention) the 16-week intervention period. The soccer players were assigned and matched into two groups, an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), based on the team of which they were a part.

Results

A two-way ANOVA was performed with group and time as factors. The results of a two-way ANOVA revealed no time×group interaction for body composition or jump height. Nevertheless, a paired measures t-test of weight, fat mass, lean mass, and countermovement jump (CMJ) test metrics (pre-post) and group (CG and EG) showed an improvement in all measures ( p < 0.01).

Discussion

The 16-week intervention program resulted in an improvement in the EG both at the level of body composition and in CMJ performance.

Conclusions

Despite the benefits of the 16-week intervention program, a combination of training methods that includes power, agility-coordination, speed, and strength can enhance such improvements. It is important to take this strength-specific capacity into account in training, due to the importance outlined in the sport of soccer both for its transfer to both linear and COD sprints and specific strength skills and mainly to vertical jump.
Improvement in severe asthma patients receiving biologics and factors associated with persistent insufficient control: a real-life national study
Authors: Guilleminault Laurent , Camus Claire , Raherison-Semjen Chantal , Capdepon Audrey , Bourdin Arnaud , Bonniaud Philippe , Fry Stéphanie , Devouassoux Gilles , Blanc François-Xavier , Pison Christophe , Dupin Clairelyne , Khayath Naji , Courdeau Joelle , Valcke-Brossollet Judith , Nocent-Ejnaini Cécilia , Rolland Fabien , Lamandi Carmen , Proust Alain , Ozier Anaig , Portel Laurent , Gaspard Wanda , Roux-Claude Pauline , Beurnier Antoine , Martinez Stéphanie , Dot Jean-Marc , Hennegrave Florence , Vignal Guillaume , Auvray Etienne , Paleiron Nicolas , Just Nicolas , Miltgen Jean , Russier Maud , Olivier Cécile , Taillé Camille , Didier Alain
Published: November 2023

Background:

Biological therapies have revolutionized the treatment of severe asthma with type 2 inflammation. Although such treatments are very effective in reducing exacerbation and the dose of oral steroids, little is known about the persistence of symptoms in severe asthma patients treated with biologics.

Purpose:

We aim to describe asthma control and healthcare consumption of severe asthma patients treated with biologics.

Design:

The Second Souffle study is a real-life prospective observational study endorsed by the Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science Network.

Methods:

Adults with a confirmed diagnosis of severe asthma for at least 12 months’ duration were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire including the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and a compliance evaluation test was given to the patients. Healthcare consumption within 12 months prior to enrolment was documented. In patients receiving biologics, doctors indicated whether the patients were biologic responders or non-responders.

Results:

The characteristics of 431 patients with severe asthma were analysed. Among them, 409 patients (94.9%) presented asthma with type 2 inflammation (T2 high) profile, and 297 (72.6%) patients with a T2 high phenotype were treated with a biologic. Physicians estimated that 88.2% of patients receiving biologics were responders. However, asthma control was only achieved in 25.3% of those patients (ACQ > 0.75). A high proportion of patients (77.8%) identified as responders to biologics were not controlled according to the ACQ score. About 50% of patients continue to use oral corticosteroids either daily (25.2%) or more than three times a year for at least three consecutive days (25.6%). Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea syndrome (OSA) were identified as independent factors associated with uncontrolled asthma.

Conclusion:

Although a high proportion of severe asthma patients respond to biologics, only 25.3% have controlled asthma. GERD and OSA are independent factors of uncontrolled asthma.
Predictive factors of response to infliximab therapy in Brazilian inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Martins Camilla de Almeida , Azevedo Matheus Freitas Cardoso de , Carlos Alexandre Sousa , Damião Aderson Omar Mourão Cintra , Sobrado Junior Carlos Walter , Nahas Sergio Carlos , Queiroz Natália Sousa Freitas
Published: November 2023

Background:

Biological therapies have revolutionized the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Infliximab (IFX) has been shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. However, about one-third of the patients are primary non-responders, and up to half can lose response over time. Hence, it is important to assess which factors are related to treatment failure.

Objectives:

We aimed to identify factors predicting clinical and endoscopic remission with IFX treatment during maintenance therapy in a Brazilian IBD referral center.

Design:

We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe demographic, clinical, and IBD therapy-related characteristics of IBD patients treated with IFX for at least 6 months in a Brazilian referral center. Subsequently, we evaluated factors associated with clinical and endoscopic remission (primary and secondary outcomes, respectively).

Methods:

We used descriptive statistics to summarize the essential demographic and clinical characteristics of the population. The association of sociodemographic and clinical variables with outcomes was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 131 IBD patients (the mean age 41.7 years) were enrolled in this study. Clinical and endoscopic remission were observed in 79.4% and 58.2% of the patients, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, IFX therapy duration and higher albumin levels increased the likelihood of clinical remission, while previous surgery decreased its chance. Prior use of adalimumab and higher C-reactive protein levels reduced the likelihood of endoscopic remission.

Conclusion:

In summary, this study has enhanced our understanding of the predictive factors of treatment response to IFX in a well-characterized Brazilian IBD population.

Trial registration:

4.254.501 and 2.903.748.
Effects of TNF-α inhibition versus secukinumab on active ultrasound-confirmed enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Elliott Ashley , Wright Gary , Pendleton Adrian , Rooney Madeleine
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Enthesitis is a hallmark of psoriatic disease, but its clinical assessment is problematic in terms of diagnostic sensitivity and overlap with other comorbid conditions. Ultrasound is a useful tool that can give a more detailed assessment of enthesitis. Research demonstrates that those with persistent ultrasound entheseal disease are at risk of progressive articular damage. With limited data to guide choice between biologic therapy for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients, we wanted to assess the response of ultrasound-confirmed enthesitis to different forms of biologic therapies and study its utility in making more informed decisions.

Methods:

This was an open label observational study including patients aged ⩾18 years, who fulfil the classification criteria for PSA (CASPAR) and were due to commence on their first biologic therapy. The primary outcome was the change in MAdrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI) score at 16 weeks of treatment. The MASEI score was also modified to assess the active elementary lesions (ActiveMASEI).

Results:

In all, 80 PsA patients were enrolled with 75 patients completing the study [secukinumab n = 23 and tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) n = 52]. The mean reduction in MASEI score after 16 weeks of treatment was 3.42 with TNFi versus 1.74 with secukinumab ( p = 0.097). There was a significant difference in the change in the MASEIActive score for TNFi versus secukinumab (4.37 versus 2.26; p = 0.030) and this difference was more pronounced when only power Doppler signal within 2 mm of the enthesis insertion was included (4.37 versus 2.00; p = 0.007). Clinical outcomes were similar for both classes of biologic apart from a significant reduction in regards to the Dermatology Life Quality Index and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score with secukinumab versus TNFi.

Conclusions:

We have for the first time compared the effect of ultrasound-confirmed enthesitis between different forms of biologic therapies for PsA. We have seen an overall improvement in entheseal scores for both classes of medications and demonstrated a larger reduction in active entheseal disease for TNFi versus secukinumab that merits further exploration.
Emotional intelligence of Large Language Models
Authors: Wang Xuena , Li Xueting , Yin Zi , Wu Yue , Liu Jia
Published: November 2023

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across numerous disciplines, primarily assessed through tasks in language generation, knowledge utilization, and complex reasoning. However, their alignment with human emotions and values, which is critical for real-world applications, has not been systematically evaluated. Here, we assessed LLMs' Emotional Intelligence (EI), encompassing emotion recognition, interpretation, and understanding, which is necessary for effective communication and social interactions. Specifically, we first developed a novel psychometric assessment focusing on Emotion Understanding (EU), a core component of EI. This test is an objective, performance-driven, and text-based evaluation, which requires evaluating complex emotions in realistic scenarios, providing a consistent assessment for both human and LLM capabilities. With a reference frame constructed from over 500 adults, we tested a variety of mainstream LLMs. Most achieved above-average Emotional Quotient (EQ) scores, with GPT-4 exceeding 89% of human participants with an EQ of 117. Interestingly, a multivariate pattern analysis revealed that some LLMs apparently did not rely on the human-like mechanism to achieve human-level performance, as their representational patterns were qualitatively distinct from humans. In addition, we discussed the impact of factors such as model size, training method, and architecture on LLMs' EQ. In summary, our study presents one of the first psychometric evaluations of the human-like characteristics of LLMs, which may shed light on the future development of LLMs aiming for both high intellectual and emotional intelligence. Project website: https://emotional-intelligence.github.io/
Zooming In, Then Out: Why We Must Apply Human-Centered Design to Transform Diabetes Technology
Authors: Chao Edward C.
Published: November 2023

Technological advances in devices, such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) or intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitors (isCGMs), do not necessarily by themselves translate to improved clinical outcomes or quality of life. Human-centered design (HCD) is an accessible, flexible process that could contribute to reducing the gap between current challenges and more optimal future solutions, by continuing to refine crucial considerations, such as usability. Starting with understanding the unmet needs of patients, cultivating novel and different collaborations, and applying humility to humanize technology are three facets underlying this approach. Human-centered design can help expand our perspective to serve as another essential tool to help further refine diabetes technology.
Limb Symmetry Index of Single-Leg Vertical Jump vs. Single-Leg Hop for Distance After ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Li , Xia QingHong , Li Tao , Wang ZeYan , Li Jian
Published: November 2023

Context:

The limb symmetry index (LSI) is recommended as a milestone of return to play (RTP), and relying on the LSI value of a single-leg hop for distance (SLHD) test may overestimate rehabilitation status. Identifying a more reliable functional test can help to carefully make decisions for RTP.

Objective:

The aim was to compare the LSI value of the SLHD test with that of a single-leg vertical jump (SLVJ) test after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and determine which test provides lower LSI values.

Data Sources:

The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to July 2022.

Study Selection:

Observational studies with participants who had both SLHD and SLVJ tests after ACLR and LSI values of an SLHD and SLVJ were included. Disagreements were resolved after discussion between the 2 researchers.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Data on the primary outcomes (LSI values of the SLVJ and SLHD tests) were collected. Means and standard deviations (SDs) for each variable of interest were used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs).

Results:

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. A total of 587 patients underwent SLHD and SLVJ tests at different time points after ACLR. Compared with the SLHD test, the SLVJ test provided lower LSI values (SMD -0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.67 to -0.17). Subgroup analysis found that the SLVJ test provided a lower LSI value than the SLHD test in a specific period (approximately 7-18 months after ACLR, SMD -0.53; 95% CI -0.91 to -0.14) and a similar LSI value at other times.

Conclusion:

The SLVJ test provided lower LSI values in a specific period (7-18 months after ACLR).
The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Water
Authors: Oerther Sarah , Oerther Daniel B.
Published: November 2023

Climate change is having an unprecedented influence on human health. For example, increased frequency of storms with excessive precipitation may contribute to flooding, which contributes to increased water-related dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory illnesses. Some of these water-related illnesses, which can be transmitted via recreational waterborne pathways, may be seen in school-age children. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the impact some recreational water-related illnesses have on school-age children’s health and to provide school nurses with information on the signs and symptoms of these illnesses as well as prevention tips nurses may wish to share with parents. This is the third article in a series meant to inform school nurses about illnesses linked to local changes in weather that may be arising from global changes in climate and provide them with the tools they need to safeguard children’s health.
Preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgical patients in public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Kefelegn Reta , Tolera Abebe , Ali Tilahun , Assebe Tesfaye
Published: November 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and associated factors among adult surgical patients in public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia from 25 April to 26 May 2022.

Methods:

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was undertaken using a systematic sampling technique among 423 participants from patients eligible for elective surgery. The prevalence of preoperative anxiety was assessed using the state and trait anxiety inventory measurement scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive and summary statistics were computed. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were computed. The strength of the association was presented using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results:

The prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients scheduled for elective surgery was 51.2%. Being 31–45 aged adult (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.78), having moderate (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.96) and strong social support (AOR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.08), being single (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.89), listening to music (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.74) and finding social and religious support (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.33), and orthopedic surgery (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.43) were significantly associated with lower odds of preoperative anxiety, whereas having fear of death (AOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.64, 2.09) was significantly associated with increased odds of preoperative anxiety.

Conclusion:

In the current study, the magnitude of preoperative anxiety was high. Being an older adult and having social and treatment support was associated with lower odds of preoperative anxiety. In contrast, lower psychological readiness (fear of death) was associated with increased odds of preoperative anxiety. Patients should be routinely assessed for anxiety during the preoperative appointment, and the proper coping mechanisms and anxiety-reduction approaches should be used. It is also advisable that appropriate policies and procedures for reducing preoperative anxiety should be devised
Race-neutral vs race-conscious: Using algorithmic methods to evaluate the reparative potential of housing programs
Authors: So Wonyoung , D’Ignazio Catherine
Published: November 2023

The racial wealth gap in the United States remains a persistent issue; white individuals possess six times more wealth than Black individuals. Leading scholars and public figures have pointed to slavery and post-slavery discrimination as root cause factors and called for reparations. Yet the institutionalization of race-neutral ideologies in policies and practices hinders a reparative approach to closing the racial wealth gap. This study models the use of algorithmic methods in the service of reparations to Black Americans in the domain of housing, where most American wealth is built. We examine a hypothetical scenario for measuring the effectiveness of race-conscious Special Purpose Credit Programs (SPCPs) in reducing the housing racial wealth gap compared to race-neutral SPCPs. We use a predictive model to show that race-conscious, people-based lending programs, if they were nationally available, would be two to three times more effective in closing the racial housing wealth gap than other, existing forms of SPCPs. In doing so, we also demonstrate the potential for using algorithms and computational methods to support outcomes aligned with movements for reparations, another possible meaning for the emerging discourse on “algorithmic reparations.”
Understanding user interactions and perceptions of AI risk in Singapore
Authors: Neyazi Taberez Ahmed , Ng Sheryl Wei Ting , Hobbs Mitchell , Yue Audrey
Published: November 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly prevalent and its application highly sophisticated. Concerns about AI's vulnerabilities and future threats have, however, long been debated among scientists and the tech community. By integrating Beck's theory of risk society with an audience-centered sense-making approach, we seek to understand the effects of AI on the general public's daily lives and their concerns when they adopt AI technology. Five focus groups with 36 participants from Singapore, a technologically advanced country, were conducted to investigate their risk perceptions of AI and AI-powered technology. We found that participants were not passive consumers of content showing up on their news feeds; indeed, some participants attempted to outsmart the algorithms. They were aware that tech companies often tweak algorithms to personalize content and drive consumers into rabbit holes. Nevertheless, despite a certain level of awareness and sporadic attempts to “outsmart” the system, many users might still be influenced by these algorithms, underscoring the extent to which consumers are often manipulated by smart tech powered by AI. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of our findings by looking at the contextual factors.
Differences in Cognitive Avoidance, Anger Rumination, and The General Anxiety in Light of The Gender and Emotional Regulation Disturbance Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Tahoon Rehab
Published: November 2023

The current study aimed to determine the differences in cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, and general anxiety in response to the gender and the emotional regulation disturbance variables. The sample was (418) university students who were asked to answer on study tools of cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, general anxiety, and emotional regulation disturbance. The factor analysis revealed that the study tools coincide with the original factorial structures of these tools. In addition, the current finding showed appropriate indicators of validity and reliability in the Egyptian students. Moreover, the results revealed that the gender differences possessed no significant differences in cognitive avoidance, generalized anxiety, and anger rumination. Furthermore, the students with high difficulties in emotion regulation revealed significantly higher cognitive avoidance and anger rumination (92.298 ± 1.126; 45.114 ± 0.764) than those with low difficulties in emotional regulation (82.842 ± 1.927; 41.354 ± 1.307). However, these significant effects were absent on generalized anxiety. The cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, general anxiety, and emotional regulation disturbance scales showed good validity and reliability fit on the Egyptian student sample. Moreover, there were no gender differences in cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, and generalized anxiety. In comparison, the individuals who showed high emotional regulation disturbance had high cognitive avoidance and anger rumination.
Using an Implementation Science Framework to Evaluate an Ethical Education Curriculum: A Narrative Scoping Review
Authors: Prendeville Paula , Bourke Maria , Kinsella William
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the meta-theoretical Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) that was adapted to structure a narrative scoping review to inform the evaluation of an Ethical Education (EE) curriculum. The CFIR is a tried and tested implementation science model used effectively within health care settings. To date, it has not been used as a framework in an educational context. The five domains of the CFIR: characteristics of the individual; inner setting; outer setting; intervention characteristics; and implementation process were interrogated and mapped to educational constructs namely: teacher characteristics; school and class settings; wider school community; curriculum characteristics; and curricular implementation, respectively. This paper illustrates how an implementation science approach, using these educational constructs, can inform a scoping review to support the evaluation of a curriculum.
The Impact of Financial Leverage on the Financial Performance of the Firms Listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Authors: Arhinful Richard , Radmehr Mehrshad
Published: November 2023

Japan is widely regarded as one of the world’s most developed nations. The country’s electronics industry, in particular, is consistently ranked among the global leaders in innovatiion. Industries such as automotive, construction, electronics, metal, and telecommunications, companies have traditionally leaned more heavily on debt financing for both their day-to-day operations and investment endeavors, rather than relying on equity financing. In Japan, debt financing is favored as cost-effective source of capital compared to equity financing. The study selected 257 automotive, construction, electronic, metal, and telecommunications companies between 2000 and 2021. To find the effect of financial leverage on financial performance, the study used the random effect and the GMM to estimate the effect of the firms’ leverage on financial performance. The study found that interest coverage has a positive and statistically significant effect on ROA, ROE, and Tobin’s Q. The study discovered that cash coverage has a positive and statistically significant effect on ROE. The study found that debt service obligations have a negative and statistically significant effect on financial performance.
Empirical Analysis of Subsidy Industrial Policy’s Effect on Export Innovation in the Chinese Manufacturing
Authors: Li Bingqiang , Wang Shan , Dong Nannan , Li Jinzhi , Li Xi , Yu He
Published: November 2023

The relatively low export innovation capacity is not conductive to the steady transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry, and it is necessary to implement suitable policies to enhance export innovation capacity. This study empirically analyzes the data of 827,471 manufacturing enterprises from 2000 till 2013 to investigate the impact of subsidy policy on export innovation. The overall results show that China’s subsidy policy has a significant crowding-out effect on export innovation, and subsidy for relatively small enterprises is more conducive to promoting export innovation; however, enterprises’ independent investment does not own much impact on export innovation. The econometric results made from perspectives of the sub-region and the industry reveal that subsidy policy is not conducive to export innovation, independent investment is not beneficial to export innovation, and export innovation ability is positively correlated with enterprise scale, but the influence coefficient shows obvious differences.
Nursing Staff’s Behavior Intention to Use Mobile Technology: An Exploratory Study Employing the UTAUT 2 Model
Authors: Lin Su-Chen(Cecilia) , Chuang Mei-Chen , Huang Chen-Yuan , Liu Chia-En
Published: November 2023

Mobile technology has become increasingly common in recent years with its booming development across the globe, leading to the gradual adoption of mobile health, which can reduce the risk of caregivers being infected. The widespread use of mobile health has brought many benefits to the healthcare industry, including increased efficiency for frontline caregivers and a better patient–physician relationship. However, it also presents some challenges. This study aimed to examine caregivers’ behavior intention to use mobile technology in medical practice with a unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology two model. Satisfaction and self-efficacy were included as external variables and mobile technology identity as a moderator variable. A total of 281 valid questionnaires were collected from the nursing staff, and a structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses of this study. The results of the study showed that (1) self-efficacy had a significant effect on satisfaction and effort expectancy, (2) effort expectancy significantly affected performance expectancy, (3) performance expectancy and satisfaction had significant effects on behavior intention, and (4) mobile technology identity moderated the relationship between satisfaction and behavior intention. These results could inform medical institutions and facilities in launching mobile technology policies and education or training programs.
Who Does “Endowment Insurance” Support: The Elderly or Their Grown-up Children?
Authors: Liu Ligang , Xiao Zhiwu , Deng Yang
Published: November 2023

This research paper seeks to understand whether the current basic endowment insurance policy has properly played the role of supporting the elderly needs through intergenerational support within the family. Theoretically, there are problems of the imbalanced structure of pension security, retirees’ comparatively higher pension and the low-level security of young people’s in-service income, and drawbacks of the existing endowment insurance system, both have a certain causal relationship with “gnawing the old.” Data on China’s family tracking survey in 2016 (CFPS2016), Probit model, IV and PSM robustness testing methods were also used to study the relationship between parents’ pensions and their grownup children’s “gnawing-the-old” behavior. The results show that: (1) Compared with young people from families without pension income, those with pensioned parent(s) will less possibly choose to work; the parents’ financial assistance behavior would restrain the children’s intention to work and increase the possibility of “gnawing the old”; (2) Neither the amount of pension income nor financial assistance given to the children is significantly related to young people’s “gnawing the old”; (3) Young people’s “gnawing the old” behaviors are different according to their parents’ professions and living areas; (4) The gap between parents’ pension income and children’s in-service income also adds to the causes of “gnawing the old.” The policy implications of these findings are discussed particularly the formulation of a scientific mechanism for pension income.