bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Maternal Health in Afghanistan: A Review
Authors: Najafizada Said Ahmad Maisam , Bourgeault Ivy Lynn , Labonté Ronald
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Afghanistan has a high maternal mortality rate of 400 per 100,000 live births. Although direct causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Afghanistan include hemorrhage, obstructed labor, infection, high blood pressure, and unsafe abortion, the high burden of diseases responsible for maternal mortality arises in large part due to social determinants of health. The focus of this literature review is to examine the impact of various social determinants of health on maternal health in Afghanistan, filling an important gap in the existing literature.Methods: This narrative review was conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework of (1) defining the question, (2) searching the literature, (3) assessing the studies, (4) synthesizing selected evidence in context, and (5) summarizing potential programmatic implication of the context. We searched Medline, CABI global health database, and Google Scholar for relevant publications. Results: A total of 38 articles/reports were included in this review. We found that social determinants such as maternal education, sociocultural practices, and social infrastructure have a significant impact on maternal health. Health care may be the immediate determinant, but it is influenced by other determinants that must be addressed in order to alleviate the burden on health care, as well as to achieve long-term reduction in maternal mortality. Conclusion: Because of the importance of social factors for maternal health outcomes, committed involvement of multiple government sectors (i.e. education, labor and social affairs, information and culture, transport and rural development among others, alongside health care) is the long-term solution to the maternal health problems in Afghanistan. National and international organizations’ long-term commitment to social investment such as education, local economy, cultural change, and social infrastructure is recommended for Afghanstan and globally.
INTERSECCIONALIDAD Y POLIFONÍA. PARA UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA NARRATIVA DE LUIS NEGRÓN
Authors: Locaue Jorge Joaquín
Published: March 2017

Misceláneo 258
IV. Reseñas
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: March 2017

Misceláneo 258
Postneoliberalism and Penality in South America: By Way of Introduction
Authors: Sozzo Maximo
Published: March 2017

In the last two decades, there has been an extraordinary growth in incarceration rates in South America, with some variations across national contexts but generally in line with the same trend. Twenty years ago, incarceration rates were relatively low in most countries in the region; despite that knowledge, it has proved difficult to reconstruct the official data for that period. In 1992, with the exclusion of the small countries with less than one million inhabitants in the Northern region of South America such as Guyana, French Guyana and Surinam, only three countries had 100 prisoners or more per 100,000 inhabitants: Uruguay (100), Venezuela (133) and Chile (154) (see Figure 1). Several other national contexts reflected ‘Scandinavian’ rates, such as Argentina (62), Peru (69), Ecuador (75) and Brazil (74).

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The Cultural Influence on Perceived Quantity
Authors: Ko Dong Woo , Son Dong Hyun
Published: March 2017

Variety in an assortment has been known to reduce the quantity perception of items. Individuals heavily rely on area cue when they perceive the quantity of items. People tend to perceive a single color or a shape unit as one area but the variety breaks up the areas into multiple colors or shape units. Little has been known about the mechanism underlying the relationship between the quantity perception and the variety. This research examined the cultural effects on the process of quantity perception and found that feminine cultural characteristics moderates the quantity perception when the area cues are associated with diverse colors.
A concept analysis of “Reluctance to fail”
Authors: Prichard Sarah A. , Ward-Smith Peggy
Published: March 2017

Background: Academic success in programs of nursing requires successful completion of didactic and clinical activities. Failure, in didactic situations, is objectively determined. Clinical failure is determined subjectively, which may expose the competency and reputation of the clinical faculty. This scenario can result in a hesitancy, or a reluctance to fail a student. Graduation may occur in the presence of limited clinical competency resulting in new graduates who are not adequately prepared for professional nursing practice.Methods: Exploring the concept of reluctance to fail will provide a conceptual definition based on uses of the concept found in research studies. Walker and Avant (2011) describe an eight step concept analysis process which will be utilized to determine the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents of the concept of reluctance to fail.Results: The result of this concept analysis is a conceptual model depicting reluctance to fail as a circular phenomenon with various elements. Guided by the intervention needed to address the deficiency, these elements may be placed in one of three categories: education of faculty, role modeling, and peer support.Conclusions: Education of clinical faculty will diminish the unwillingness, and hesitancy elements. Role modeling activities will prevent fear as rationale for reluctance to fail. Peer support provides emotional support when guilt for assigning a failing grade occurs. Future research must be conducted to identify factors responsible for faculty reluctance to assign failing grades, as well as the effectiveness of these interventions.
A New Problem with the Twin Paradox
Authors: Suto Koshun
Published: March 2017

This paper discusses the “triplet thought experiment” in which accelerated motion is eliminated from the famous twin paradox thought experiment of the special theory of relativity (STR). The author considers the coordinate systems of an inertial frame M and rocket A moving at constant speed relative to each other. First, an observer in inertial frame M performs the triplet thought experiment, and it is confirmed that the delay in time which elapses in the moving system agrees with the predictions of the STR. However, the delay in time predicted by the STR is observed even in the case when an observer A in rocket A carries out the triplet thought experiment. Before starting movement at constant velocity, rocket A experiences accelerated motion. The coordinate system of rocket A cannot be regarded physically as a stationary system. Even so, observer A observes the delay predicted by the STR. If the previous, traditional interpretation is assumed to be correct, observer A will never observe a delay in time agreeing with the predictions of the STR. To avoid paradox, the previously proposed traditional interpretation must be revised.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits BID Dependent-Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Exposed to Patulin
Authors: Karlton-Senaye Bernice D. , Bansode Rishipal , Randolph Priscilla , Williams Leonard L.
Published: March 2017

Patulin, a mycotoxin, which is a major contaminant in apple juices, has contributed immensely to the occurrence of liver diseases. Consumption of apple juice could over long period of time become harmful to the health of individuals with pre-existing liver disease. Probiotics are known for their role in patulin removal from aqueous media. In this study, we investigated the effects of a probiotic microorganism on patulin toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and established the protective effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) as mediated by induction of BH3-interacting domain antagonist (BID) in response to patulin toxicity. After 24 hours of patulin exposure followed by 24 hours of treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, cells proliferation decreased with increasing patulin exposure in samples without LGG pre-treatment, whereas with increasing concentration of patulin, cells were relatively rescued in LGG treated samples. It was further observed that pre-treatment of LGG with polysaccharide gums led to a decline in cell proliferation with increasing patulin exposure. Compare to the control, the expression of p53 upregulated moderator of apoptosis (PUMA) increased slightly by 7 % at 10µM patulin exposure in treatment and decreased by 30% in untreated cell. However, the expression of BID decreased by 26% in treatment compared to the control. We further established that the protective effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus was mediated by the inhibition of BID. Our findings suggest that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG could potentially function as a therapeutic agent to reverse the damaging effect of patulin on the liver of individuals with pre-existing liver disease.
Two new species of the spider genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Tajikistan, with the first description of female Pholcus sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994
Authors: Dong Tingting , Zheng Guo , Davlatov Abdulaziz , Yao Zhiyuan , Li Shuqiang
Published: March 2017

Two new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 are described from Tajikistan: Pholcus saidovi Yao & Li sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. shuguanensis Yao & Li sp. nov. (♂). The female of P. sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994 is reported for the first time. All belong to the P. nenjukovi species group.
O RISCO DE D. QUIXOTE - SABER E NÃO SABER, É E NÃO É -
Authors: Motta Marcus Alexandre
Published: March 2017

Este texto sugere um tipo de crítica às gradações da “teleologia”, que se manifestam na escrita especializada. Para tanto, assume o risco de D. Quixote, acentuado o teatro tipográfico ao qual, querendo ou não, todos estamos submetidos.
Expediente
Authors: Editores Editores
Published: March 2017

EXPEDIENTE
Evidências léxico-gramaticais de representações na voz de ativistas e de homossexuais idosos
Authors: Da Silva Thiago Santos , Fuzer Cristiane
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar recursos linguísticos usados na construção de representações sobre homossexuais idosos manifestadas no discurso de ativistas e dos próprios gays idosos no contexto da mídia. A perspectiva teórica que embasa este estudo é a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004), com foco no sistema de transitividade. O corpus se constitui de textos publicados de 2006 a 2010 em diferentes fontes. A análise dos dados linguísticos evidenciou que os homossexuais idosos são representados ora como pessoas solitárias, vítimas de preconceito e sem políticas de proteção, ora como indivíduos que buscam no discurso quer dos representantes do discurso ativista quer dos próprios gays idosos no contexto da mídia em espaços homossexuais a fim de participar da luta pelos direitos LGBT.
Questões de multimodalidade e produção de sentidos em charges sobre o programa Mais Médicos
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Elisa
Published: March 2017

Neste trabalho, busca-se analisar processos discursivos ligados à produção e à leitura de textos multimodais (charges) gerados por um evento político e midiático amplamente conhecido como Mais Médicos. Em um momento histórico em que o governo brasileiro contratou médicos estrangeiros para o atendimento de parcelas desassistidas da população, especialmente em localidades precárias e de difícil acesso, muitos textos foram produzidos e publicados, em todas as mídias, explicitando posicionamentos pró e contra essa ação. Sob forte polêmica, o Mais Médicos foi mantido. Os argumentos e contra-argumentos ao programa foram muitos. Com base, principalmente, em Kress (2003), discute-se aqui a questão da circulação de textos multimodais na contemporaneidade, assim como os processos de produção de sentidos a partir de dezoito charges publicadas e amplamente compartilhadas em redes sociais, naquele momento.
Significados sem palavras: uma análise do livro infantil Bárbaro sob a perspectiva sociossemiótica
Authors: Heberle Viviane Maria , Constanty Verônica Pereira Coitinho
Published: March 2017

A investigação de recursos multimodais na literatura infantil pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de possibilidades interpretativas críticas. Propomos, no presente estudo, uma análise do premiado livro brasileiro Bárbaro (MORICONI, 2013) sob a perspectiva da semiótica social1 . Inicialmente com base em Halliday e Matthiessen (2004), apresentamos as três metafunções presentes em qualquer texto, relacionando-as especificamente à Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 2006) e a narrativas visuais (PAINTER; MARTIN; UNSWORTH, 2013). A seguir, efetuamos uma análise dessas metafunções (dos significados representacionais, interacionais e composicionais) no livro. Resultados sugerem que a análise empreendida permite a descrição detalhada sobre o desenrolar da narrativa, a sequência dos eventos, os personagens, suas ações, atributos e emoções, bem como a distribuição de elementos visuais, entre outras características. Esperamos que o estudo possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de multiletramentos.
Efeito de borda na dinâmica de besouros em fragmento de Mata Atlântica de Tabuleiro
Authors: Brito-Silva Bianca Caitano , Pina Welber Da Costa , Silva Alessandro Oliveira
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a coleopterofauna quanto à distribuição, riqueza de família e grupos tróficos, além de avaliar a sua resposta em relação à extensão do efeito de borda. Foram realizadas coletas bimensais de novembro de 2012 a maio de 2013, com armadilhas do tipo pitfall sem isca. Essas foram alocadas em três transectos perpendiculares à borda, equidistantes por 50 metros, cada um apresentando 10 armadilhas separadas por 100 metros, sendo o sentido do transecto da borda para a mata conservada, resultando em 30 amostras. Foram coletados 3.959 indivíduos distribuídos em 13 famílias das quais as mais abundantes foram Ptiliidae (34%), Scarabaeidae (29,7%), Staphylinidae (17,1%), Curculionidae (9%) e Nitidulidae (6,4%). Um padrão não monotônico foi observado para riqueza e abundância de famílias. Os grupos tróficos mais representativos foram os fungívoros (35,9%), detritívoros (30,6%) e predadores (17,8%), sendo comuns em faunas de solo.  Apenas a distribuição dos detritívoros foi afetada significativamente pelo efeito de borda. Este trabalho é, portanto, uma contribuição importante para o assunto ainda pouco conhecido e complexo a ser estudado, dadas as particularidades apresentadas pelas diferentes taxas e tipos de borda.
MATTOSO CÂMARA E ARYON DALL’IGNA RODRIGUES: PIONEIROS DA LINGUÍSTICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Head Brian
Published: March 2017

Depois de descrever os contextos dos contatos que o autor teve com o Professor Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Jr. e com o Doutor Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues, o presente texto trata da vida e obra de ambos, em seções sobre a preparação, as atividades docentes, a investigação científica e as publicações, as organizações profissionais e a influência, mostrando assim seu papel na implantação e promoção dos domínios da Linguística geral e da Linguística das línguas indígenas no Brasil.
OS NOMES E AS LÍNGUAS DE ARYON
Authors: Martins Taís Da Silva , Giachini Liana Cristina
Published: March 2017

Este texto tem como objetivo trazer à tona o discurso sobre o importante linguista brasileiro Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues, posterior ao seu falecimento. Cabe ressaltar que analisamos, também, as condições de produção sócio-históricas que são constitutivas do discurso sobre esse pesquisador, entendendo-as como determinantes do dizer. Para tanto, constituímos um arquivo composto por textos veiculados na mídia eletrônica, a partir dos quais recortamos materialidades discursivas em que identificamos regularidades e descontinuidades em relação ao processo de designação. Nosso escopo teórico estabelece uma articulação entre a História das Ideias Linguísticas e a Análise de Discurso peucheutiana.
CONSOANTES EM FINAL DE PALAVRA EM PROTO-PÁNO
Authors: Oliveira Sanderson Soares Castro de
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo é uma versão levemente modificada do capítulo 4 da tese Contribuições para a Reconstrução do Protopáno, orientada parcialmente pelo professor Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues, entre os anos de 2009 e 2012, e defendida sob a orientação da professora Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral. A tese é uma revisão da reconstrução do Protopáno apresentada em Shell (1975 [1965]), e o capítulo fundamenta: a) a existência de consoantes oclusivas (incluindo n, [Loos, 1978]) em línguas do subgrupo Mayorúna; b) a existência de uma alternância entre formas longas e formas curtas, relacionadas respectivamente aos casos ergativo e absolutivo; c) a existência de consoantes oclusivas em margem direita de sílaba em Protopáno.
EXPRESSÃO DE CASO ARGUMENTATIVO EM AVÁ-CANOEIRO DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Silva Ariel Pheula do Couto e , Cabral Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara
Published: March 2017

Tratamos neste artigo da expressão do prefixo de caso argumentativo na língua Avá- Canoeiro do Tocantins (família Tupí-Guaraní), à luz das análises fundamentais de Rodrigues (1981, 1996 e 2001) sobre os prefixos casuais da língua Tupinambá. Damos sequência à análise de Borges (2006) sobre a expressão do caso argumentativo em Avá-Canoeiro, com base em dados recentes da variedade diatópica do Avá-Canoeiro do Tocantins. Argumentamos em favor da produtividade da flexão de caso nessa língua, com ênfase no caso argumentativo. Discutimos também a redução dos contextos fonológicos de ocorrência do alomorfe -a, o que consideramos prenúncios de sua perda na fala das próximas gerações.
SUBJETIVIDADE E DISCURSO EM “AS COISAS” DE PEREC
Authors: Chiaretti Paula , Pimenta Leny
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho pretende realizar uma análise discursiva da narrativa descritiva As Coisas: uma história dos anos sessenta (1965), de Georges Perec, recorrendo à Análise do Discurso fundada por Pêcheux (AD) e à Psicanálise Lacaniana. Na narrativa analisada, a lógica cultural do capitalismo causa um impacto na forma de viver dos sujeitos, capturados pelo imaginário, por meio da relação de fascínio que os objetos (“as coisas”) exercem sobre eles. A partir da análise, buscou-se pensar na questão do sujeito (e sua relação com a língua e a história) com base na articulação entre subjetividade e forma-sujeito.
ENTRE O PENSAR POÉTICO E O PENSAR FILOSÓFICO: JOSÉ MARINHO E OS POETAS
Authors: Epifânio Renato
Published: March 2017

Procuraremos, neste texto, reconstituir o diálogo que o filósofo português José Marinho manteve com alguns poetas – em particular, Teixeira de Pascoaes –, à luz da relação entre o pensar poético ao pensar filosófico, por José Marinho igualmente teorizada.
AS LUZES DE MARIA TERESA HORTA: UMA RETÓRICA DA SENSIBILIDADE
Authors: Malato Maria Luísa
Published: March 2017

O romance de Maria Teresa Horta (2011), As Luzes de Leonor, é aqui analisado à luz de uma retórica da sensibilidade, tal como era concebida no período em que viveu a poetisa Leonor de Almeida (1750-1834): isto é, uma persuasão que utiliza estrategicamente a “Fisiologia do Gosto”, em que a descrição das sensações faz parte de uma estratégia que visa a compreensão filosófica do sublime e a sua função retórica. Não sendo intenção de Maria Teresa Horta escrever uma biografia ou sequer um comum romance histórico sobre o pensamento da Marquesa de Alorna, não deixa de ser interessante ver, através da aproximação feita aos conceitos filosóficos vigentes no século XVIII (nomeadamente os de Sensibilidade, de Alma, ou de Simpatia) uma estratégia de ruptura em consonância com uma certa estética da modernidade.
A LUTA PELA EXPRESSÃO DE FIDELINO DE FIGUEIREDO
Authors: Pinto Fernanda Moura , Natário Maria Celeste
Published: March 2017

A Luta pela Expressão: prolegómenos para uma Filosofia da Literatura, de Fidelino de Figueiredo, constitui uma importante fonte para a compreensão do pensamento filosófico designadamente acerca do fenómeno literário e da sua relação com a filosofia. Na análise que aqui fazemos, é realçada a reflexão desenvolvida pelo autor sobre a relação realidadepensamento-linguagem, bem como sobre a angústia dos que se vêem limitados pela palavra como forma de expressão, a saber, o escritor, o crítico literário e o filósofo.
POESIA E FILOSOFIA: PROBLEMAS DA CRÍTICA
Authors: Araujo Rodrigo Michell dos Santos , Natário Maria Celeste
Published: March 2017

Este artigo pretende investigar as relações entre a filosofia e a literatura a partir da crítica literária. Para isso, parte-se de dois momentos da crítica: (i) a contribuição metodológica na crítica brasileira, especialmente na obra de Benedito Nunes; (ii) a resposta que o ensaísmo português (Eduardo Lourenço e Fidelino de Figueiredo) dá à questão do pensar e do sentir o mundo, articuladores da poesia (arte) e do pensamento (filosofia). Ao argumentarmos que o trânsito entre os campos disciplinares se dá mediante a construção de um espaço interseccional, será possível problematizarmos categorias empregadas pela crítica como “filosofia da literatura” ou “poética filosófica” e verificar até que ponto são válidas.
TECNOLOGIAS DE LINGUAGEM E EXISTÊNCIA: A ESCRITA AFETADA PELA MATERIALIDADE DIGITAL
Authors: Barros Renata Chrystina Bianchi de
Published: March 2017

Partindo do domínio das Ciências da Linguagem, neste artigo objetivo apresentar observações analíticas a respeito dos efeitos da materialidade digital sobre os processos de escrita e de existência do sujeito numa relação entre os espaços físico e digital. Para isso, volto-me para os modos como são produzidos textos em dispositivos eletrônicos enquanto os sujeitos percorrem trajetos no espaço urbano. Como efeito, venho considerando que esse processo se dá por sujeitos do conhecimento, e não por usuários de dados numéricos/eletrônicos, possibilitando a sua existência.
A PALAVRA DO ANO É UMA IMAGEM
Authors: Costa Greciely Cristina da
Published: March 2017

Anualmente o Dicionário Oxford elege uma palavra como sendo a “palavra do ano”. Em 2015, a palavra eleita foi um emoji, ou seja, a escolhida não foi uma palavra, mas uma imagem. A partir desse fato, com base na perspectiva teórica da Análise de Discurso, visamos compreender, nesse artigo, um modo específico de se estar na sociedade contemporânea na relação com a escrita e com a imagem digital, considerando, sobretudo, que a constituição dos sentidos e dos sujeitos é afetada pela discursividade do eletrônico.
Impact of Different Oils as Biopesticide against Sucking Insect Pests in Cotton
Authors: Lubna Bashir Rajput  , Arfan Ahmed Gilal  , Aslam Bukero  , Niaz Ahmed Wahocho
Published: March 2017

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various botanical products on population of sucking complex on cotton crop. The study was conducted at the experimental area of Entomology section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tando Jam during the Kharif Season-2004. Five bio-pesticides i.e. neem oil (500ml/acre), cooking oil (750 ml/acre), linseed oil (750ml/acre), hing (290gm/acre) and cotton oil (750ml/acre) were applied twice against sucking complex (jassid, thrip and whitefly) and compared with an untreated control. It was observed that the efficacy of different bio-pesticides against sucking complex (jassid, whitefly and thrips) varied significantly. All products reduced pest population during both sprays. On an average, neem oil (63.27%) and cotton oil (62.01%) were found to be superior in reducing sucking pest, followed by hing (58.25%), cooking oil (57.18%) and linseed oil (55.24%) respectively.
Influence of Metal ions, Surfactants and Organic Solvents on the Catalytic Performance of Levansucrase from Zymomonas mobilis KIBGE-IB14
Authors: Sidra Shaheen  , Afsheen Aman  , Nadir Naveed Siddiqui
Published: March 2017

A significant progress has been made in discovering and developing new bacterial polysaccharides producing enzymes possessing extremely functional properties. Levan is a natural polymer of fructose linked by β (2→6) glycosidic bond which is produced by transfructosylation reaction in the presence of levansucrase. Among wide range of microorganisms, Zymomonas mobilis is considered as the most promising candidate for the production of extracellular levansucrase. It has potential applications in multiple industries from pharmaceutics, cosmetics to food industries. Determination of levansucrase characteristics is necessary to increase its industrial applications. This concept has directed much interest towards enzyme characterization by observing its effects against different chemicals. The present investigation focused on the characterization of levansucrase by observing its behavior with reference to different metal ions, surfactants and organic solvents. The results showed that these chemicals acted as activators, inhibitors or stabilizers. In metal ions, different activators (K+, Na+, Cs+, Ba+2, Ca+2, Cu+2, Mg+2 and Mn+2 ) and inhibitors (Co+2, Hg+2 , Fe+3and Al+3) were investigated. Among them, Hg+2 found to be strong inhibitor as it inhibits enzyme activity by 92% at 1 mM. Non-ionic surfactants i.e. triton X-100, tween-20 and tween-80 considered as stabilizers while anionic surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) inhibited the enzyme activity by 11%. Moreover, ethanol and methanol stabilized the enzyme activity while other solvents observed as inhibitors or stimulators.
Effect of Natural Enemy (Chrysoperla carnea Stephens) against Sucking Insect Pests of Okra
Authors: Ali Syed Shahzad , Ahmed Syed Sohail , Rizwana Huma , Ahmed Ali , Khoso Abdul Ghaffar , Mureed Paras , Mureed Sumbel , Meano Falak Naz , Ibrahim Mengal Muhammad , Shahwani Shahid Ali
Published: March 2017

An experiment effect of natural enemy (Chrysoperla carnea Stephens.) against sucking insect pests of Okra was carried out at Latif Farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam during 2014.The results showed that overall maximum mean population of jassids (1009.5 ± 78.12/plant) was recorded in pre-treatment treated plot followed by thrips (706.17 ± 34.26/plant), mites (572.5± 33.00/plant) and whiteflies (209.83 ± 19.76/plant) respectively. Whereas, the overall maximum mean population of jassids (1322.44 ± 8.6/plant6) was recorded in pre-treatment control plot, followed by thrips (828.05 ± 6.77/plant), mites (640.55 ± 5.95/plant) and whiteflies (267.38 ± 4.74/plant) respectively. However, the overall maximum mean of jassids (434.27 ± 4.91/plant) were recorded in post-treatment control plot, followed by thrips (278.11 ± 3.93/plant), mites (134.11 ± 2.63/plant) and whiteflies (18.83 ± 0.99/plant), respectively. The results further revealed that the statistical analysis of data through paired T-test between treated and control plot of jassids, whiteflies, thrips and mites showed significantly different at (P<0.05) level. Whereas, the statistical analysis of data through paired T-test between pre-treatment and post-treatment of jassids, whiteflies, thrips and mites also showed significantly different at (P <0.05) level.
Patterns and Trends in the Attributable Fractions of under-5 Years Hospitalization and Inpatient Death for Neonates, Infectious Diseases, and Severe Acute Malnutrition in Yemen: A Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Banajeh Salem M.
Published: March 2017

Objectives: To examine trends in hospitalization and inpatient deaths of neonates, and infectious diseases (IDs) between 2005-2014; and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) between 2010 and 2014 in Yemen.
Method: It was a retrospective descriptive study. Data were extracted from the clinical records of the patients admitted from 2005 to 2014 for neonates and cases aged 1-59 months with IDs. For cases with SAM data were available from 2010 to 2014. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Between 2005 and 2014, 39282 under-5 hospitalized and 33.6% were neonates. Of 26069 aged 1-59 months, 15224(58.4%) hospitalized with IDs. Pneumonia (44.6%), diarrhea (29.9%), and meningitis (10.6%) were the main subgroups. During the study period, there were 4183 under-5 deaths. Neonatal deaths accounting for 3671 (87.8%). Deaths aged 1-59 month were 512(12.2%) and IDs contributing 440(85.9%). Compared to 2005/06, neonatal hospitalization and death declined by 9.2% and 18.1% in 2013/14, and IDs by 56.8% and 79.2%, respectively. Pneumonia reductions were 65.4% and 83.7%, diarrhea 42% and 95.5%, and meningitis 73% and 83%, respectively. Between 2010-2014, SAM cases were 1781 of 13689 total hospitalization [13% (95%CI 12.5-13.6)] and 53 SAM deaths of 224 total deaths [23.7 % (18.6-29.6)]. SAM hospitalization rate increased from 8.5% in 2010, to 18.4% in 2014 and death rate increased from 27% (17.6-39.0) to 57.5% (42.2-71.5), respectively.
Conclusion: Despite significant decline in IDs and vaccine preventable diseases, this study showed 87.8% of under-5 mortality were neonates. The increasing trends in SAM hospitalization and death are alarming. Interventions to improve neonatal survival and to reduce SAM morbidity and mortality are urgently needed.
Reentry of Released Female Prisoners into the Community
Authors: Rotem Efodi , Irit Adamchuk
Published: March 2017

The literature shows a strong connection between lack of employment and involvement in crime, while finding employment represents a turning point in the life of the offender. This study examined the reentry to society of 126 female Israeli prisoners who participated in the Rehabilitation-Vocational Program, most of them were on parole, and others after release. It focused on the women's search for work, their “employment preparedness”, and their stability in the workplace. Despite the multi- problem nature of the released female population, the results indicate a relatively high success rate of stability in the workplace. The study indicates that employment was found after approximately two months. This interval from time of release to time of employment is consistent with the assumption that the former prisoners need a period of treatment and adjustment before entry in the workforce. The Rehabilitation-Vocational Program utilizes volunteers from the community and develops programs based on mentors who are positive role models. The findings indicate that such a model assists the former female prisoners in successfully reintagrating with the community.
This role is also that of Science
Authors: Silva António José
Published: March 2017

It may seem redundant to address Sport as a development trigger but, sometimes, redundancy is necessary for someone to be heard.The commanding voices of Philosophy in the XXth century take sciences as trivial, by expressing the notion that Science has nothing to do with the ontological and metaphysical statutes of men.What is at stake is too much important, as the attack is not aimed at Sciences, organizations and institutions, nor at the people, but rather against Reason itself.We found ourselves immersed in irrationalities and superstitions in the most primitive form of belief. Worldwide there are three times more astrologists than there are physics. In Portugal, also in Sport, there are numberless stand-coaches and pseudo-writers, which all speak and write about exercise and appear as public opinion makers, stating banalities that discredit Sport and its professionals.In western science, what is axiomatic is not merely the concept of progress, but rather the concept of constant and unlimited progress. And we take for granted this lack of limits… Indeed, it seems …… In fact, it is a deeply enigmatic assumption, taking into account the metaphysical meaning of the term. And it is from these assumptions that we must analyse the role of Sport and Exercise. Biological life may be increased in duration, but death will come: and the challenge is therefore the quality of an extended life. In Sport and exercise, progress has more than a technical relevance, it has an ontological relevance: the enhancement of a life cycle.Sport is, therefore, an immeasurable asset and holds opportunity to induce peace and be a promoter of several social causes.Sport is one of the possible, perhaps the main, cultural objectification and historical form of movement. This is only possible by valuing the fundamental character of the body in motion, because it is upon it that the sports body is installed and merges. Even giving it a fundamental meaning, it has not yet found its value due to the failure in the evaluation of its return, whether educational, social, health, economic or structural.The importance of Sport and its institutions cannot be measured, as much as some state so, by performance indicators in an international setting (this leads to unfair, unproportioned comparisons among sports with different density and international coverage).A message that, unfortunately, has passed to general society, involving risks to lower even more the national sport involvement is: resources must be mainly focused in the few sports with international merit. With time, this will end up in an overall failure of national Sport, and subsequently a progressive underfinancing of the Sport will appear.Every organization that deal with Sport cannot deviate from what is its main mission, to organize, promote and spread the Sport for a permanent and constant demonstration that what is done and how it’s done fully respect the high public interest and, ultimately, serves the people.This role is also that of Science.
ПРЕНАТАЛНА ЦИТОГЕНЕТИЧКА ДИЈАГНОСТИКА И ЊЕН ЗНАЧАЈ У ОТКРИВАЊУ ХРОМОЗОМСКИХ АБЕРАЦИЈА ПЛОДА
Authors: Стојановић Свјетлана , Малешевић Радмила , Јарош Тијана , Вуковић Марија , Берић Мирјана , Улетиловић Свјетлана , Иванковић Бранислава
Published: March 2017

Пренатална цитогенетичка дијагностика уведена је у Одјељењу за медицинску генетику,Завода за лабораторијску дијагностику УКЦ Републике Српске, 2009. године. Она подразумијевакариотипизацију плода из узорака амнионске течности добијених поступком амниоцентезе. Удијагностичким поступцима кориштене су класичне методе цитогенетике – техника Г трака (Gbanding).У периоду од јануара 2009. до септембра 2015. године укупно је анализирано 5557узорака амнионске течности. Наши резултати односе се првенствено на анеуплоидије хромозома21, 18, 13, X и Y, које су утврђене у 61 случају (1.10%) од укупног броја анализираних узорака.Као најчешћа нумеричка аберација Даунов (Down) синдром утврђен је у 39 случајева (0.70%), азатим Едвардсов (Edwards) синдром у 7 (0.13%) и Патауов (Patau) синдром у 5 случајева (0.09%).Од нумеричких аберација полних хромозома, Тарнеров (Turner) синдром утврђен је у 7 случајева(0.13%), a Клинефелтеров (Klinefelter) синдром у 3 случаја (0.05%). Циљ овог рада је да сеприкажу резултати детектованих анеуплоидија у испитиваном узорку и да се тиме укаже назначај пренаталне цитогенетичке дијагностике у откривању хромозомских аберација плода, којеби довеле до рађања дјетета са тешким аномалијама и поремећајима у психомоторном развоју.
MOРФOЛOШКE КAРAКTEРИСTИКE РИБAРИЦE (Natrix tessellata) ИЗ РИJEКE ВРБAС НA УЖEM ПOДРУЧJУ ГРAДA БAЊA ЛУКA
Authors: Радујковић Дајана , Шукало Горан , Голуб Драгојла
Published: March 2017

У рaду се дају подаци o мoрфoмeтриjским и мeристичким oсoбинaмa, кao и пoлнoмдимoрфизму рибaрицe (Natrix tessellata) из риjeкe Врбaс, нa ужeм пoдручjу грaдa Бaњa Лукa.Jeдинкe су узoркoвaнe у пeриoду oд сeптeмбрa 2012. дo сeптeмбрa 2013. гoдинe приликoм чeгa суoбрaђeне и мaркирaне 42 jeдинкe (22 женке и 20 мужјака) свих узрaсних кaтeгoриja (21 aдултнa,18 субaдултних и 3 jувeнилнe jeдинкe). Toм приликoм aнaлизирaнa je мaсa тиjeлa, шeстмoрфoмeтриjских oсoбинa (тoтaлнa дужинa тиjeлa, стaндaрднa дужинa тиjeлa, дужинa лoбaњe,пoстпaриjeтaлнa дужинa, ширинa глaвe и дужинa вилицe) кao и шeст мeристичких oсoбинa (брojвeнтрaлних крљушти, брoj субкaудaлних крљушти, брoj прeдoчних штитићa, брoj зaoчнихштитићa, брoj плoчa гoрњe уснe и брoj плoчa дoњe уснe). Жeнкe су имaлe вeћe срeдњe вриjeднoстисвих aнaлизирaних мoрфoмeтриjских кaрaктeристикa у oднoсу нa мужjaкe, дoк су мужjaци имaлипeт вeнтрaних и 10 субкaудaлних крљушти вишe нeгo жeнкe. Кoд aдултних jeдинки стaтистичкизнaчajнa рaзликa пoстojи зa брoj вeнтрaлних и субкaудaлних крљушти, кao и зa свe aнaлизирaнeмoрфoмeтриjскe кaрaктeрe, дoк кoд субaдултних jeдинки стaтистички знaчajнe рaзликe пoстojeсaмo зa брoj вeнтрaлних и субкaудaлних крљушти. Брoj зaoчних штитићa вaрирa oд два дo пет,брoj прeдoчних штитићa вaрирa oд два дo три, брoj штитићa гoрњe уснe вaрирa oд пет дo десет,дoк брoj штитићa дoњe уснe вaрирa oд седам дo десет. Taкoђe, уoчeнa је aсимeтриja лиjeвe и дeснeстрaнe у aнaлизирaним мeристичким кaрaктeристикaмa глaвe.
ЖИВOTНИ СTИЛOВИ И ИСХРAНA СTУДEНATA СA УНИВEРЗИTETA У TУЗЛИ (БOСНA И ХEРЦEГOВИНA)
Authors: Хaлилoвић Jaсминкa , Бeгић Aмeлa , Бeгoвић Eминa , Хaлилoвић Сaбинa , Aдрoвић Рaшo , Хoџић Сaњин
Published: March 2017

Стил живoтa je нeкa врстa пoртрeтa jeднe личнoсти у њeнoj интeрaкциjи сa oкружeњeм.Moже сe пoсмaтрaти сa aспeктa исхрaнe, мoдних трeндoвa у музици и у другим врстaмaумjeтнoсти, мoдe у oдиjeвaњу, културe, утицaja мeдиja и рeклaмa, сa aспeктa пoтрoшaчкoгмeнтaлитeтa, трaдициje, oбичaja и др. Кaдa сe гoвoри o стилу живoтa у пoглeду хрaнидбeнихнaвикa, oндa сe приje свeгa мисли нa здрaвe стилoвe живoтa кojи пoдрaзумиjeвajу прaвилнуисхрaну, кoнтрoлу стрeсa, физичку aктивнoст, oпшту и личну хигиjeну, бeзбjeднo сeксуaлнoпoнaшaњe, зaштиту oд пoврeдa. Пoкaзaтeљи нeздрaвих стилoвa живoтa су: пушeњe духaнa,aлкoхoлизaм, узимaњe oпojних дрoгa, лoшe нaвикe у исхрaни, физичкa нeaктивнoст, нeбaвљeњeспoртoм, дугo сjeдeњe зa кoмjутeрoм и тeлeвизиjoм. Циљ рaдa je биo утврдити кaквe стилoвeживoтa живe тузлaнски студeнти у aнaлизи нaчинa исхрaнe, бaвљeнa спoртoм, кoнзумирaњаaлкoхoлa и других oпojних дрoгa, пушeњa духaнa. Aнкeтирaњeм 297 студeнaтa oбa спoлa утврђeнoje дa 51,33% кoнзумирa три oбрoкa днeвнo, 28,67% њих узимa двa oбрoкa, a 17% имa чeтириoбрoкa днeвнo. Oбaвeзнo дoручкуje сaмo 53%, пoнeкaд 6,67% њих, a никaкo нe дoручкуje 40,33%студeнaтa. Oд сeдaм пoнуђeних oдгoвoрa o врсти дoручкa кojу кoнзумирajу, сeндвичи су нa првoммjeсту – 118 испитaникa (39,73%) дoручкуje сeндвичe. Спoртoм сe бaви мaњe oд трeћинeиспитaникa, дo двa сaтa днeвнo глeдa тeлeвизиjу 97% испитaникa.
ЗAШТИТA ЖИВOТНE СРEДИНE И OДРЖИВИ РAЗВOJ
Authors: Mирjaнић Слaђaнa
Published: March 2017

У рaду сe aнaлизирa зaштитa живoтнe срeдинe и oдрживи рaзвoj. Првo ћe сe рaзмaтрaтибиoдивeрзитeт и oдрживи рaзвoj, a зaтим вoдни рeсурси, шумaрствo, пoљoприврeдa, климaтскeпрoмjeнe и oдрживи рaзвoj. Нa крajу ћe сe aнaлизирaти oбрaзoвaњe зa зaштиту живoтнe срeдинe,као слoжeн, спeцифичaн и jeдинствeн пeдaгoшкo-aндрaгoшки прoцeс, кojи имa зa циљoбeзбjeђeњe стицaњa eлeмeнтaрних пojмoвa и знaњa, рaзвиjaњe пojeдинaчнe и кoлeктивнe свиjeстиo oчувaњу живoтнe срeдинe и aдeквaтних oблика пoнaшaњa зa успjeшну зaштиту и oчувaњeживoтнe срeдинe.
A high-resolution map of transcriptional repression
Authors: Liang Ziwei , Brown Karen E , Carroll Thomas , Taylor Benjamin , Vidal Isabel Ferreirós , Hendrich Brian , Rueda David , Fisher Amanda G , Merkenschlager Matthias
Published: March 2017

Turning genes on and off is essential for development and homeostasis, yet little is known about the sequence and causal role of chromatin state changes during the repression of active genes. This is surprising, as defective gene silencing underlies developmental abnormalities and disease. Here we delineate the sequence and functional contribution of transcriptional repression mechanisms at high temporal resolution. Inducible entry of the NuRD-interacting transcriptional regulator Ikaros into mouse pre-B cell nuclei triggered immediate binding to target gene promoters. Rapid RNAP2 eviction, transcriptional shutdown, nucleosome invasion, and reduced transcriptional activator binding required chromatin remodeling by NuRD-associated Mi2beta/CHD4, but were independent of HDAC activity. Histone deacetylation occurred after transcriptional repression. Nevertheless, HDAC activity contributed to stable gene silencing. Hence, high resolution mapping of transcriptional repression reveals complex and interdependent mechanisms that underpin rapid transitions between transcriptional states, and elucidates the temporal order, functional role and mechanistic separation of NuRD-associated enzymatic activities.
Structural basis of transcription arrest by coliphage HK022 Nun in an Escherichia coli RNA polymerase elongation complex
Authors: Kang Jin Young , Olinares Paul Dominic B , Chen James , Campbell Elizabeth A , Mustaev Arkady , Chait Brian T , Gottesman Max E , Darst Seth A
Published: March 2017

Coliphage HK022 Nun blocks superinfection by coliphage λ by stalling RNA polymerase (RNAP) translocation specifically on λ DNA. To provide a structural framework to understand how Nun blocks RNAP translocation, we determined structures of Escherichia coli RNAP ternary elongation complexes (TECs) with and without Nun by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Nun fits tightly into the TEC by taking advantage of gaps between the RNAP and the nucleic acids. The C-terminal segment of Nun interacts with the RNAP β and β’ subunits inside the RNAP active site cleft as well as with nearly every element of the nucleic acid scaffold, essentially crosslinking the RNAP and the nucleic acids to prevent translocation, a mechanism supported by the effects of Nun amino acid substitutions. The nature of Nun interactions inside the RNAP active site cleft suggests that RNAP clamp opening is required for Nun to establish its interactions, explaining why Nun acts on paused TECs.
Detailed seismic velocity of the incoming subducting sediments in the 2004 great Sumatra earthquake rupture zone from full waveform inversion of long offset seismic data
Authors: Qin Yanfang , Singh Satish C.
Published: March 2017

The nature of incoming sediments defines the locking mechanism on the megathrust, and the development and evolution of the accretionary wedge. Here we present results from seismic full waveform inversion of 12 km long offset seismic reflection data within the trench in the 2004 Sumatra earthquake rupture zone area that provide detailed quantitative information on the incoming oceanic sediments and the trench‐fill sediments. The thickness of sediments in this area is 3–4 km, and P wave velocity is as much as ~4.5 km/s just above the oceanic crust, suggesting the presence of silica‐rich highly compacted and lithified sediments leading to a strong coupling up to the subduction front. We also find an ~70–80 m thick low‐velocity layer, capped by a high‐velocity layer, at 0.8 km above the subducting plate. This low‐velocity layer, previously identified as high‐amplitude negative polarity reflection, could have porosity of up to 30% containing overpressured fluids, which could act as a protodécollement seaward from the accretionary prism and décollement beneath the forearc. This weak protodécollement combined with the high‐velocity indurated sediments above the basement possibly facilitated the rupture propagating up to the front during the 2004 earthquake and enhancing the tsunami. We also find another low‐velocity layer within the sediments that may act as a secondary décollement observed offshore central Sumatra, forming bivergent pop‐up structures and acting as a conveyer belt in preserving these pop‐up structures in the forearc region.
The projected demise of Barnes Ice Cap: Evidence of an unusually warm 21st century Arctic
Authors: Gilbert A. , Flowers G. E. , Miller G. H. , Refsnider K. A. , Young N. E. , Radić V.
Published: March 2017

As a remnant of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Barnes Ice Cap owes its existence and present form in part to the climate of the last glacial period. The ice cap has been sustained in the present interglacial climate by its own topography through the mass balance‐elevation feedback. A coupled mass balance and ice‐flow model, forced by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate model output, projects that the current ice cap will likely disappear in the next 300 years. For greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways of +2.6 to +8.5 Wm−2, the projected ice‐cap survival times range from 150 to 530 years. Measured concentrations of cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be, 26Al, and 14C at sites exposed near the ice‐cap margin suggest the pending disappearance of Barnes Ice Cap is very unusual in the last million years. The data and models together point to an exceptionally warm 21st century Arctic climate.
Thermal state of the Explorer segment of the Cascadia subduction zone: Implications for seismic and tsunami hazards
Authors: Gao Dawei , Wang Kelin , Davis Earl E. , Jiang Yan , Insua Tania L. , He Jiangheng
Published: March 2017

The Explorer segment of northernmost Cascadia is an end‐member “warm” subduction zone with very young incoming plate and slow‐convergence rate. Understanding the megathrust earthquake potential of this type of subduction zone is of both geodynamic and societal importance. Available geodetic observations indicate that the subduction megathrust of the Explorer segment is currently locked to some degree, but the downdip extent of the fault area that is potentially seismogenic is not known. Here we construct finite‐element models to estimate the thermally allowed megathrust seismogenic zone, using available knowledge of regional plate kinematics, structural data, and heat flow observations as constraints. Despite ambiguities in plate interface geometry constrained by hypocenter locations of low‐frequency earthquakes beneath Vancouver Island, the thermal models suggest a potential rupture zone of ∼60 km downdip width located fully offshore. Using dislocation modeling, we further illustrate that a rupture zone of this size, even with a conservative assumption of ∼100 km strike length, can cause significant tsunami‐genic deformation. Future seismic and tsunami hazard assessment in northern Cascadia must take the Explorer segment into account.
The Cd isotope composition of atmospheric aerosols from the Tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Bridgestock Luke , Rehkämper Mark , van de Flierdt Tina , Murphy Katy , Khondoker Roulin , Baker Alex R. , Chance Rosie , Strekopytov Stanislav , Humphreys‐Williams Emma , Achterberg Eric P.
Published: March 2017

Stable isotope compositions can potentially be used to trace atmospheric Cd inputs to the surface ocean and anthropogenic Cd emissions to the atmosphere. Both of these applications may provide valuable insights into the effects of anthropogenic activities on the cycling of Cd in the environment. However, a lack of constraints for the Cd isotope compositions of atmospheric aerosols is currently hindering such studies. Here we present stable Cd isotope data for aerosols collected over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. The samples feature variable proportions of mineral dust‐derived and anthropogenic Cd, yet exhibit similar isotope compositions, thus negating the distinction of these Cd sources by using isotopic signatures in this region. Isotopic variability between these two atmospheric Cd sources may be identified in other areas, and thus warrants further investigation. Regardless, these data provide important initial constraints on the isotope composition of atmospheric Cd inputs to the ocean.