bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in mortality outcomes of hospital-admitted injury in Victoria, Australia 2001–2021
Authors: Berecki-Gisolf Janneke , Fernando Tharanga , D’Elia Angelo
Published: May 2023

Due to advancements in trauma treatment methods, it is expected that survivability of hospital-admitted injuries gradually improves over time. However, measurement of trends in all-cause injury survivability is complicated by changes in case mix, demographics and hospital admission policy. The aim of this study is to determine trends in hospital-admitted injury survivability in Victoria, Australia, taking case-mix and patient demographics into account, and to explore the potential impact of changes in hospital admission practices. Injury admission records (ICD-10-AM codes S00-T75 and T79) between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2021 were extracted from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. ICD-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) calculated from Survival Risk Ratios for Victoria was used as an injury severity measure. Death-in-hospital was modelled as a function of financial year, adjusting for age group, sex and ICISS, as well as admission type and length of stay. There were 19,064 in-hospital deaths recorded in 2,362,991 injury-related hospital admissions in 2001/02–2020/21. Rates of in-hospital death decreased from 1.00% (866/86,998) in 2001/02 to 0.72% (1115/154,009) in 2020/21. ICISS was a good predictor of in-hospital death with an area-under-the-curve of 0.91. In-hospital death was associated with financial year (Odds Ratio 0.950 [95%CI 0.947, 0.952]), in logistic regression modelling adjusted for ICISS, age and sex. In stratified modelling, decreasing injury death trends were observed in each of the top 10 injury diagnoses (together constituting > 50% of cases). Admission type and length of stay were added to the model: these did not alter the effect of year on in-hospital death. In conclusion, a 28% reduction in rates of in-hospital deaths in Victoria was observed over the 20-year study period, in spite of aging of the injured population. This amounts to 1222 additional lives saved in 2020/21 alone. Survival Risk Ratios therefore change markedly over time. A better understanding of the drivers of positive change will help to further reduce the injury burden in Victoria.
Neurophysiological markers of emotion regulation predict efficacy of entrepreneurship education
Authors: Egana-delSol Pablo , Sun Xiaoxiao , Sajda Paul
Published: May 2023

Recent evidence shows that programs targeting the socio-emotional dimensions of entrepreneurship—e.g., resilience, personal initiative, and empathy—are more highly correlated with success along with key business metrics, such as sales and survival, than programs with a narrow, technical bent—e.g., accounting and finance. We argue that programs designed to foster socio-emotional skills are effective in improving entrepreneurship outcomes because they improve the students’ ability to regulate their emotions. They enhance the individuals’ disposition to make more measured, rational decisions. We test this hypothesis studying a randomized controlled trial (RCT, RCT ID: AEARCTR-0000916) of an entrepreneurship program in Chile. We combine administrative data, surveys, and neuro-psychological data from lab-in-the-field measurements. A key methodological contribution of this study is the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) to quantify the impact of emotional responses. We find that the program has a positive and significant impact on educational outcomes and, in line with the findings of other studies in the literature, we find no impact on self-reported measures of socio-emotional skills (e.g., grit and locus of control) and creativity. Our novel insight comes from the finding that the program has a significant impact on neurophysiological markers, decreasing arousal (a proxy of alertness), valence (a proxy for withdrawal from or approachability to an event or stimuli), and neuro-psychological changes to negative stimuli.
Association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Mahittikorn Aongart , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Kotepui Manas
Published: May 2023

Reports of an association between ovalocytosis and protection against Plasmodium infection are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to synthesise the overall evidence of the association between ovalocytosis and malaria infection using a meta-analysis approach. The systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023393778). A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, and ProQuest databases, from inception to 30 December 2022, was performed to retrieve studies documenting the association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Data synthesis included a narrative synthesis and a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled effect estimate (log odds ratios [ORs]) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random-effects model. Our database search retrieved 905 articles, 16 of which were included for data synthesis. Qualitative synthesis revealed that over half of the studies showed no association between ovalocytosis and malaria infections or severity. Furthermore, our meta-analysis demonstrated no association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection (P = 0.81, log OR = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.44 to 0.19, I2: 86.20%; 11 studies). In conclusion, the meta-analysis results demonstrated no association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection. Hence, the role of ovalocytosis in relation to protection against Plasmodium infection or disease severity should be further investigated in larger prospective studies.
Using network analysis to explore the validity and influential items of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39
Authors: Schönenberg Aline , Santos García Diego , Mir Pablo , Wu Jian-Jun , Heimrich Konstantin G. , Mühlhammer Hannah M. , Prell Tino
Published: May 2023

Quality of life (QoL) in people with Parkinson´s disease (PD) is commonly measured with the PD questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), but its factor structure and construct validity have been questioned. To develop effective interventions to improve QoL, it is crucial to understand the connection between different PDQ-39 items and to assess the validity of PDQ-39 subscales. With a new approach based on network analysis using the extended Bayesian Information Criterion Graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (EBICglasso) followed by factor analysis, we mostly replicated the original PDQ-39 subscales in two samples of PD patients (total N = 977). However, model fit was better when the “ignored” item was categorized into thesocial supportinstead of thecommunicationsubscale. In both study cohorts, “depressive mood”, “feeling isolated”, “feeling embarrassed”, and “having trouble getting around in public/needing company when going out” were identified as highly connected variables. This network approach can help to illustrate the relationship between different symptoms and direct interventional approaches in a more effective manner.
Degeneracy in epilepsy: multiple routes to hyperexcitable brain circuits and their repair
Authors: Stöber Tristan Manfred , Batulin Danylo , Triesch Jochen , Narayanan Rishikesh , Jedlicka Peter
Published: May 2023

Due to its complex and multifaceted nature, developing effective treatments for epilepsy is still a major challenge. To deal with this complexity we introduce the concept of degeneracy to the field of epilepsy research: the ability of disparate elements to cause an analogous function or malfunction. Here, we review examples of epilepsy-related degeneracy at multiple levels of brain organisation, ranging from the cellular to the network and systems level. Based on these insights, we outline new multiscale and population modelling approaches to disentangle the complex web of interactions underlying epilepsy and to design personalised multitarget therapies.
The structure and evolutionary diversity of the fungal E3-binding protein
Authors: Forsberg Bjoern O.
Published: May 2023

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a central metabolic enzyme in all living cells composed majorly of E1, E2, and E3. Tight coupling of their reactions makes each component essential, so that any loss impacts oxidative metabolism pathologically. E3 retention is mediated by the E3-binding protein (E3BP), which is here resolved within the PDC core from N.crassa, resolved to 3.2Å. Fungal and mammalian E3BP are shown to be orthologs, arguing E3BP as a broadly eukaryotic gene. Fungal E3BP architectures predicted from sequence data and computational models further bridge the evolutionary distance between N.crassa and humans, and suggest discriminants for E3-specificity. This is confirmed by similarities in their respective E3-binding domains, where an interaction previously not described is also predicted. This provides evolutionary parallels for a crucial interaction human metabolism, an interaction specific to fungi that can be targeted, and an example of protein evolution following gene neofunctionalization.
High efficiency preparation of monodisperse plasma membrane derived extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications
Authors: Alter Claudio L. , Detampel Pascal , Schefer Roman B. , Lotter Claudia , Hauswirth Patrick , Puligilla Ramya D. , Weibel Vera J. , Schenk Susanne H. , Heusermann Wolf , Schürz Melanie , Meisner-Kober Nicole , Palivan Cornelia , Einfalt Tomaž , Huwyler Jörg
Published: May 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly interesting for the design of next-generation therapeutics. However, their preparation methods face challenges in standardization, yield, and reproducibility. Here, we describe a highly efficient and reproducible EV preparation method for monodisperse nano plasma membrane vesicles (nPMVs), which yields 10 to 100 times more particles per cell and hour than conventional EV preparation methods. nPMVs are produced by homogenizing giant plasma membrane vesicles following cell membrane blebbing and apoptotic body secretion induced by chemical stressors. nPMVs showed no significant differences compared to native EVs from the same cell line in cryo-TEM analysis, in vitro cellular interactions, and in vivo biodistribution studies in zebrafish larvae. Proteomics and lipidomics, on the other hand, suggested substantial differences consistent with the divergent origin of these two EV types and indicated that nPMVs primarily derive from apoptotic extracellular vesicles. nPMVs may provide an attractive source for developing EV-based pharmaceutical therapeutics.
Microresonator-based electro-optic dual frequency comb
Authors: Lambert Nicholas J. , Trainor Luke S. , Schwefel Harald G. L.
Published: May 2023

Microresonator based dual frequency combs offer an integrated photonic solution to a wide range of technological challenges, including spectroscopy, range finding, material characterization and hyperspectral imaging. These applications require a high level of mutual coherence between combs, but achieving such stability can be demanding. Here we experimentally demonstrate that comb generation exploiting the rich structure of the nonlinear electro-optic tensor in lithium niobate can generate ultra-stable dual combs, with the two combs naturally having orthogonal polarizations. We theoretically explore the application of our technique to dual frequency comb generation from the far infrared (IR) to the ultraviolet (UV). Our combs have relative linewidths as low as ~400 μHz, and require no stabilization or post-processing methods.
Competing incommensurate spin fluctuations and magnetic excitations in infinite-layer nickelate superconductors
Authors: Lane Christopher , Zhang Ruiqi , Barbiellini Bernardo , Markiewicz Robert S. , Bansil Arun , Sun Jianwei , Zhu Jian-Xin
Published: May 2023

The recently discovered infinite-layer nickelates show great promise in helping to disentangle the various cooperative mechanisms responsible for high-temperature superconductivity. However, lack of antiferromagnetic order in the pristine nickelates presents a challenge for connecting the physics of the cuprates and nickelates. Here, by using a quantum many-body Green’s function-based approach to treat the electronic and magnetic structures, we unveil the presence of many two- and three-dimensional magnetic stripe instabilities that are shown to persist across the phase diagram of LaNiO2. Our analysis indicates that the magnetic properties of the infinite-layer nickelates are closer to those of the doped cuprates, which host a stripe ground state, rather than the undoped cuprates. The computed longitudinal-spin, transverse-spin, and charge spectra of LaNiO2 are found to contain an admixture of contributions from localized and itinerant carriers. Theoretically obtained dispersion of magnetic excitations (spin-flip) is found to be in good accord with the results of recent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments. Our study gives insight into the origin of strong magnetic competition in the infinite-layer nickelates and their relationship with the cuprates.
Dispersal changes soil bacterial interactions with fungal wood decomposition
Authors: Wang Cong , Smith Gabriel Reuben , Gao Cheng , Peay Kabir G
Published: May 2023

Although microbes are the major agent of wood decomposition - a key component of the carbon cycle - the degree to which microbial community dynamics affect this process is unclear. One key knowledge gap is the extent to which stochastic variation in community assembly, e.g. due to historical contingency, can substantively affect decomposition rates. To close this knowledge gap, we manipulated the pool of microbes dispersing into laboratory microcosms using rainwater sampled across a transition zone between two vegetation types with distinct microbial communities. Because the laboratory microcosms were initially identical this allowed us to isolate the effect of changing microbial dispersal directly on community structure, biogeochemical cycles and wood decomposition. Dispersal significantly affected soil fungal and bacterial community composition and diversity, resulting in distinct patterns of soil nitrogen reduction and wood mass loss. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship among soil fungal and bacterial community, soil nitrogen reduction and wood mass loss were tightly connected. These results give empirical support to the notion that dispersal can structure the soil microbial community and through it ecosystem functions. Future biogeochemical models including the links between soil microbial community and wood decomposition may improve their precision in predicting wood decomposition.
Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Dong Tao , Wang Mingyang , Liu Junchong , Ma Pengxin , Pang Shuang , Liu Wanjian , Liu Aihua
Published: May 2023

This review presents the recent advances in SARS-CoV-2 detection, including molecular diagnostics, antigen and antibody testing, and advances assay of neutralizing antibodies and emerging variants.
A green cellulose nanofiber-based printed electrode for practical highly sensitive amoxicillin detection
Authors: Sari Shaimah Rinda , Shinchi Erika , Shida Kenji , Kusumawati Yuly , Madurani Kartika A. , Kurniawan Fredy , Tominaga Masato
Published: May 2023

Demonstration of practical amoxicillin detection in water by a “soaking method” with a CNF-based printed electrode, where satisfactory results were achieved.
From sandwich complexes to dendrimers: journey toward applications to sensing, molecular electronics, materials science, and biomedicine
Authors: Astruc Didier
Published: May 2023

Ferrocene is precursor of [FeCp(arene)]n+(n= 0–2), redox and electrocatalysts and motifs generating dendrimer cores upon multiple C–C bond formations. Dendrimer functionalization including with ferrocene led to numerous properties and applications.
Mechanism of rate controllability of water-soluble bifunctional cyclooctadiynes through cation-anion interactions
Authors: Yoshinaga Moeka , Sato Fumiya , Kitagawa Kohei , Yokota Natsuki , Sasaki Shogo , Takeuchi Manami , Tsugawa Hiroshi , Sugahara Kohtaro , Mori Shoko , Tera Masayuki
Published: May 2023

The rate-enhancement mechanism of the ion-pair-guided click reaction has been elucidated and applied to selective protein modification.
Identifying the protonation site and the scope of non-proline cis-peptide bond conformations: a first-principles study on protonated oligopeptides
Authors: Xiong Rui , Xu Li , Tang Yong , Cao Mengge , Li Hongbao
Published: May 2023

The existence of non-proline cis-peptide bond conformations of protonated triglycine proposed by us has been verified through a recent IR–IR double resonance experiment.
Efficient automatic construction of atom-economical QM regions with point-charge variation analysis
Authors: Brandt Felix , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: May 2023

An efficient approach for the automatic construction of medium-sized QM regions for biomolecular QM/MM simulations is presented and assessed for prototypical test cases.
Electronic coupling and electron transfer in hydrogen-bonded mixed-valence compounds
Authors: Li Juanjuan , Shi Yuqing , Cheng Tao
Published: May 2023

Electron transfer provided by hydrogen bonds represents a unique and highly significant area of research, as it has a crucial role to play in a wide variety of chemical and biological systems.
Laboratory validation of an integrative passive sampler for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water
Authors: Edmiston Paul L. , Hill Noah , Hershberger Riley , Hartmann Heather , Carter Erika , Divine Craig
Published: May 2023

The integrative response of a PFAS-specific passive sampler was evaluated in water streams where the concentration varied with time. An integrative response regime over 90 days was observed for most PFAS analytes.
Manganese catalysed enantioselective hydrogenation ofin situ-synthesised imines: efficient asymmetric synthesis of amino-indane derivatives
Authors: Oates Conor L. , Goodfellow Alister S. , Bühl Michael , Clarke Matthew L.
Published: May 2023

Indanone derivatives can be directly converted to amino-indanes with high enantioselectivity using a manganese catalyst. Selectivity can be rationalised by DFT calculations.
Strong and tough octyl enamine-grafted polyvinyl alcohol with programmable shape deformationviasimple soaking treatment
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Ma Youwei , Qiao Yuhong , Guo Wenyao , Min Yulin , Fan Jinchen , Shi Zixing
Published: May 2023

Octyl enamine-grafted acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol film (AAPVAx–OA) with a “soft-core–hard-sheath” layered structure was prepared through simple soaking. The film shows excellent mechanical property and good programmable shape deformation.
Synthesis of tryptanthrin appended dispiropyrrolidine oxindoles and their antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Leena Sruthi Sudheendran , Akhir Abdul , Saxena Deepanshi , Maitra Rahul , Chopra Sidharth , Deepthi Ani
Published: May 2023

The synthesis of sixteen tryptanthrin appended dispiropyrrolidine oxindoles, employing [3 + 2] cycloaddition of tryptanthrin-derived azomethine ylides with isatilidenes, and their detailed antibacterial evaluation is described.
Conductive polymer based hydrogels and their application in wearable sensors: a review
Authors: Liu Dong , Huyan Chenxi , Wang Zibi , Guo Zhanhu , Zhang Xuehua , Torun Hamdi , Mulvihill Daniel , Xu Ben Bin , Chen Fei
Published: May 2023

Hydrogel sensors have received massive attentions for wearable devices, recent advances in the fabrication and network structure of conductive polymer hydrogels are summarized, and their application in the field of wearable sensors is also discussed.
Dynamic-self-catalysis as an accelerated air-cathode for rechargeable near-neutral Zn–air batteries with ultrahigh energy efficiency
Authors: Zhang Tianran , Lim Xiao Feng , Zhang Shengliang , Zheng Jian , Liu Xiangfeng , Lee Jim Yang
Published: May 2023

Dynamic self-catalysis as a new air-cathode chemistry significantly boosts the energy efficiency of near-neutral Zn-air batteriesvia in situformation of electrocatalysts to accelerate oxygen electrocatalysis.
Tumor-microenvironment-responsive poly-prodrug encapsulated semiconducting polymer nanosystem for phototherapy-boosted chemotherapy
Authors: Zhu Jianwei , Zhang Yuning , Li Zheng , Bao Xiaowen , Zhou Yanfeng , Ma Bo , Xie Ying , Yan Peiyu , Wu Zimei , Zhang Qi , Zou Jianhua , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2023

Phototherapy-induced hypoxia boosts the chem-therapy of PEG-TPZ for enhanced theranostics.
Synthesis of mesoporous composites based on α-Fe2O3/NiO nanowires for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye
Authors: Khan Shahid , Ajmal Zeeshan , Mahmood Sajid , ul Haq Mahmood
Published: May 2023

The development of an active photocatalyst based on semiconducting materials having desired features with effective charge carrier transformation is essential for better photocatalyst utilization with optimized performance.
Temperature dependent fabrication of various rod and rhombohedral-shaped mesoporous Co3O4 crystals and their capability towards elimination of toxic Cr(vi) ions from the aquatic environment
Authors: Sengupta Utsav , Mukherjee Ankita , Periyasamy Muthaimanoj , Mukhopadhyay Sudipta , Jenkinson Kellie J. , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Kar Arik
Published: May 2023

Phase pure and mesoporous Co3O4 crystals are designed via a simple, cost-effective and single-step co-precipitation method having higher adsorption and uptake capacity intended for elimination of toxic Cr(vi) ions from the aquatic environment.
Rhodium(i)-catalyzed N-arylation of arylazocarboxylates: facile access to unsymmetrical N,N-diarylhydrazides
Authors: Rao Xiaofeng , Zhang Wei-An , Xu Ming-Hua
Published: May 2023

A simple, efficient, and broad-scope rhodium(i)-catalyzed direct N-arylation of arylazocarboxylates with arylboronic acids has been developed.
Regioselective 2,3-disubstituted porphyrins: synthesis, spectral, structural and electrochemical properties
Authors: Arif Waseem , Kumar Ravi
Published: May 2023

Regioselective β-disubstitutedmeso-tetraphenylporphyrins, H2TPP(X)2(X = methyl (CH3), phenyl (Ph), bromo (Br), phenylethynyl (PE)), and their metal complexes (Cu(ii), Co(ii), Ni(ii), Zn(ii)) were synthesized/characterized using various techniques.
Ultrathin Pt3Pb nanowires prepared in the aqueous phase for enhanced methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Liu Yaming , Wu Meng , Sheng Shanxiang , Wang Yongzhen , Zhi Chao , Meng Jiaguang , Li Xiang
Published: May 2023

Pt3Pb nanowires with the advantages of being ultrathin, abundant accessible defects and a synergistic effect for enhanced methanol electrooxidation.
Metal-regulated d10 coordination polymers constructed from bis(pyridyl)-bis(amide) ligands with different spacers as high-efficiency fluorescence sensors for identifying chlortetracycline and furaltadone
Authors: Geng Jun , Sun Jiaxin , Lin Hongyan , Wang Xiuli
Published: May 2023

Three new Cd(ii)/Zn(ii) coordination polymers derived from two bis(pyridyl)-bis(amide) ligands with different spacers and trimellitic acid (H3MTC) were designed and synthesized, which can effectively detect chlortetracycline and furaltadone.
Investigation of the catalytic effect of nano ferrite CoCuNiFe2O4 on the thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium nitrate
Authors: Dave Pragnesh N. , Chaturvedi Shalini , Sirach Ruksana
Published: May 2023

Nano CoCuNiFe2O4 decreases the peak temperature and thermal decomposition of AN. The decreased activation energy and pre-exponential factor suggest that the decomposition of AN in the presence of ferrite proceeds at a faster rate than pure AN.
Solvent-resolved self-assemblies of cholesteryl–cyanostilbene conjugates with photo- and thermo-responsiveness
Authors: Zhang Shuqing , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao
Published: May 2023

It remains challenging to construct multifunctional chiral stimulus-responsive molecules and to modulate their morphology at the nanoscale.
Strategies to boost chemiresistive sensing performance of In2O3-based gas sensors: an overview
Authors: Majhi Sanjit Manohar , Navale Sachin T. , Mirzaei Ali , Kim Hyoun Woo , Kim Sang Sub
Published: May 2023

Morphologies oriented different composite materials of In2O3-based gas sensors.
Room-temperature photosynthesis of Zn(i) compounds with high air stability
Authors: Lin Yi-Min , Liu Lu , Wang Ming-Sheng , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: May 2023

We found two Zn(ii) compounds with similar metalloviologen structures that, upon being exposed to light at room temperature in air, generated Zn(i) species.
Asymmetric synthesis of cyclopenta[b]indoles via organocatalytic formal (3 + 2) cyclization of β-keto ester with azonaphthalene
Authors: Song Yanji , Tang Shi , Chen Qianping , Tan Qingfa , Cao Weidi , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: May 2023

Enantioselective formal (3 + 2) cyclization of cyclic β-keto esters with azonaphthalenes to synthesize cyclopenta[b]indoles in good yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity is established by using guanidine-amides as catalysts under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis and characterisation of new silicon–perfluoropropenyl compounds
Authors: Alluhaibi Lulu , Brisdon Alan , Klejna Sylwia , Muneer Abeer
Published: May 2023

Novel, stable silicon–pentafluoropropane compounds have been synthesised from the direct reaction of hydrofluorocarbons Z-CFHCFCF3 (Z-HFC-1225ye) with nBuLi, followed by appropriate silicon-halide.
Lignocellulosic residues from bioethanol production: a novel source of biopolymers for laccase immobilization
Authors: Vázquez Valeria , Giorgi Victoria , Bonfiglio Fernando , Menéndez Pilar , Gioia Larissa , Ovsejevi Karen
Published: May 2023

Laccase fromDichostereum sordulentumwas entrapped in hydrogels formed using lignocellulosic residues from bioethanol production and ionic liquids. The active hydrogel was efficient in ethinylestradiol removal.
LZY3016, a novel geldanamycin derivative, inhibits tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Jia Lejiao , Tang Hui , Shen Yuemao , Shen Chengwu
Published: May 2023

Compared to 17-AAG, LZY3016 exhibited higher Hsp90 inhibitory activityin vitroand antitumor activity in MDA-MB-231 xenograft nude mice.
Role and dynamics of transition metal carbides in methane coupling
Authors: Zhang Seraphine B. X. Y. , Pessemesse Quentin , Lätsch Lukas , Engel Konstantin M. , Stark Wendelin J. , van Bavel Alexander P. , Horton Andrew D. , Payard Pierre-Adrien , Copéret Christophe
Published: May 2023

Direct methane coupling – one of the holy grails of industrial chemistry – was shown to involve carbon exchange between the metal carbide matrix and methane.
Chiral aldehyde catalysis enables direct asymmetric α-substitution reaction of N-unprotected amino acids with halohydrocarbons
Authors: Shen Hao-Ran , Li Chao-Xing , Jiang Xin , Lin Yao , Liu Jian-Hua , Zhu Fang , Wu Zhu-Lian , Cai Tian , Wen Wei , He Rong-Xing , Guo Qi-Xiang
Published: May 2023

The direct asymmetric α-arylation, allylation and benzylation of NH2unprotected amino acid esters with aryl halides, allyl and benzyl chlorides are respectively achieved by chiral aldehyde catalysis.
Partial carbonization and etching of ZIF-9 to construct SO42−-decorated C@NiCoFe LDH ultrathin nanosheets for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Weibin , Chen Chao , Li Lei , Lin Zhan
Published: May 2023

SO42−-decorated C@NiCoFe LDH was synthesized through controlled carbonization and etching of ZIF-9. C@NiCoFe–SO4 exhibits a low overpotential of 234 mV in 0.1 M KOH for the OER due to the synergistic regulation of Fe3+, SO42− and CoNC.
Lentinan-laden microspheres reprogram the tumor microenvironment and improve anti-PD-L1 efficacy
Authors: Wang Haixin , Gao Xiao-Dong , Yue Hua
Published: May 2023

A “3C” strategy based on the conventional drug lentinan (LNT), the convertible material polylactic acid with controlled release of LNT (LNT@Mic) was designed.
Mucin-targeting-aptamer functionalized liposomes for delivery of cyclosporin A for dry eye diseases
Authors: Wong Ka-Ying , Liu Yibo , Zhou Liping , Wong Man-Sau , Liu Juewen
Published: May 2023

Liposomes loaded with a dry eye disease drug, cyclosporine A (CsA) and coated with an anti-mucin aptamer are able to enhance drug delivery and the efficacy of CsA in treating dry eye diseases.
CVD-deposited Cu2O thin films with a record Hall hole mobility of 263 cm2 V−1 s−1 and field-effect mobility of 0.99 cm2 V−1 s−1
Authors: Singh Vivek , Sinha Jyoti , Shivashankar S. A. , Avasthi Sushobhan
Published: May 2023

Using a combination of chemical vapor deposition, controlled nucleation, and surface energy optimization, we demonstrate record hole mobility in Cu2O thin-films and thin-film transistors.
A multicolor carbon dot doped nanofibrous membrane for unclonable anti-counterfeiting and data encryption
Authors: Qiang Shunfei , Yuan Ke , Cheng Yanyan , Long Guoqiang , Zhang Wenkai , Lin Xiaofeng , Chai Xiuli , Fang Xiaomin , Ding Tao
Published: May 2023

Carbon dots are used to label nanofibers with four challenge–response pairs, creating an in-built and high-capacity physically unclonable function. This allows for signature, authentication and data encryption of fiber PUF to be demonstrated.
Borophenes: monolayer, bilayer and heterostructures
Authors: Yang Rui , Sun Mengtao
Published: May 2023

Borophenes have excellent mechanical, electronic, optical, optoelectronic, thermoelectric and superconducting properties, due to their potential applications in electronics, energy storage, transport, catalysis, plasmonics, superconductivity, sensors, and others.
An encoder‐decoder framework with dynamic convolution for weakly supervised instance segmentation
Authors: Zhu Liangjun , Peng Li , Ding Shuchen , Liu Zhongren
Published: May 2023

In the systems of industrial robotics and autonomous vehicles, instance segmentation is widely employed. However, manually labelling an object outline is time‐consuming. In order to reduce annotation costs, we present a weakly supervised instance segmentation method in this article. A deeply convolutional network is first used to construct multi‐scale feature maps for each object in the input image. After that, the encoder‐decoder framework with dynamic convolution is utilised to enhance model capacity and efficiency, while avoiding the issues of anchor design, proposal selection, and RoIAlign implementation. In particular, Dynamic Heads are used in the encoder to create dynamic convolution kernels, while Instance Heads are used in the decoder to provide the global feature map. With dynamic convolution, each instance can be segmented independently, reducing interference with other instances and improving segmentation accuracy. Under the supervision of projection loss and pixel point colour pairing loss, the contours of each object are finally outlined. On the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets, the proposed method is competitive with more sophisticated approaches. In the VOC dataset, segmentation performance achieved 37.6% average precision with ResNet‐101 and FPN networks. The extensively visualised results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed encoder‐decoder framework with dynamic convolution.
Internal gravity waves in massive stars
Authors: Ratnasingam R. P. , Rogers T. M. , Chowdhury S. , Handler G. , Vanon R. , Varghese A. , Edelmann P. V. F.
Published: May 2023

Stars that are over 1.6 solar masses are generally known to possess convective cores and radiative envelopes, which allows for the propagation of outwardly travelling internal gravity waves (IGWs). Here, we study the generation and propagation of IGWs in such stars using two-dimensional, fully non-linear hydrodynamical simulations with realistic stellar reference states from the one-dimensional stellar evolution code, Modules for Stellar Astrophysics. Compared to previous similar works, this study utilises radius-dependent thermal diffusivity profiles for five different stellar masses at the middle of the main sequence: 3 M⊙, 5 M⊙, 7 M⊙, 10 M⊙, and 13 M⊙. From the simulations, we find that the surface perturbations are larger for higher masses, but no noticeable trends are observed for the frequency slopes with different stellar masses. The slopes are also similar to the results from previous works. We compared our simulation results with stellar photometric data from a recent survey and we found that for frequency intervals above 8 μHz, there is a good agreement between the temperature frequency slopes from the simulations and the surface brightness variations of these observed stars. This indicates that the brightness variations are caused by core-generated IGWs.
Core Technologies Identification of China’s New Energy Vehicles Based on Patent Analysis
Authors: Zhang Tianshu , Sheng Qinxin
Published: May 2023

With the worsening of the global environment, energy conservation and environmental protection have become an inevitable trend in the development of modern vehicles, and new energy vehicles have been widely used in the world. Core technologies identification of new energy vehicles will help to clarify the development trend of new energy vehicles in the future and promote sustainable development. Firstly, Apriori algorithm is used to analyze the support of new energy vehicle technology and find the ones with strong technical relevance. Then, based on the concept of relative technical similarity, the technical distance and technical similarity are measured. Finally, patent portfolio analysis is conducted to identify the core technologies of new energy vehicles.
Analysis and Research on Causality between Carbon Emission and Structural Optimization Based on Linear and Nonlinear Granger Causality Test
Authors: You Biying
Published: May 2023

Although the tourism industry is booming, its scale imbalance, structural imbalance and inefficient allocation of resources have hindered the realization of the high-quality development goals of the regional tourism industry. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the tourism industry structure. This paper uses linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to study the relationship between ’ tourism industrial structure optimization ’ and ’ carbon dioxide emissions ’ in 31 provinces in China. The results show that : ( 1 ) There is a nonlinear Granger two-way causal relationship between ’ tourism industrial structure optimization ’ and ’ carbon dioxide emissions ’. ( 2 ) With the acceleration of the upgrading and rationalization of the tourism industry structure, structural optimization and adjustment will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, reducing carbon emissions can also promote the upgrading and rationalization of the tourism industry structure.
Palliativmedizinische und ethische Herausforderungen in der Gerontopsychiatrie
Authors: Seethaler Magdalena , Jalilzadeh Masah Dario , Just Sandra , Spitta Gianna , Stötzner Philip , Brandl Eva Janina
Published: May 2023

Die Begleitung von Patienten am Lebensende ist eine klinische und ethische Herausforderung in der Gerontopsychiatrie, z. B. bei Gefährdungsaspekten oder der Ermittlung des Patientenwillens bzgl. medizinischer Entscheidungen. Eine möglicherweise inadäquate somatische Versorgung der Betroffenen sowie eine Überlastung der Mitarbeitenden können insbesondere bei fehlender Möglichkeit zur Verlegung in die somatische und palliativmedizinische Weiterbehandlung auftreten. Anhand von 5 Kasuistiken aus dem stationären Klinikalltag werden Ansätze für eine verbesserte Versorgung am Lebensende erörtert. Problemfelder in der Behandlung am Lebensende treten z. B. bei gleichzeitig bestehenden psychiatrischen und somatischen Komorbiditäten und unzureichenden strukturellen/personellen Ressourcen auf. Der Komplexität solcher Fälle kann durch interdisziplinäre und multiprofessionelle Versorgungsstrukturen im gerontopsychiatrischen Setting begegnet werden. Langfristig kann durch die Einbeziehung psychosozialer und ethischer Aspekte in die klinischen Standards die Begleitung gerontopsychiatrischer Patienten im Sterbeprozess optimiert werden.
Salient Achievements in Synthetic Organic Chemistry Enabled by Mechanochemical Activation
Authors: Juaristi Eusebio , Avila-Ortiz C. Gabriela
Published: May 2023

Although known for millennia, it is only recently that mechanochemistry has received serious attention by chemists. Indeed, during the past 15 years an extraordinary number of reports concerning solid-state chemical transformations through grinding and milling techniques have been recorded. This short review discusses the circumstances that led this renaissance, highlighting the present intense interest in so-called green chemistry, the enabling capacity of mechanochemistry to handle insoluble substrates, and the identification of the profound influence that additives can have on mechanochemically activated reactions. The core of this account focuses on salient developments in synthetic organic chemistry, especially in amino acid and peptide­ mechanosynthesis, the successful employment of mechanochemical activation in combination with asymmetric organocatalysis, the promising combination of mechanochemical activation with enzymatic and whole cell biocatalysis, the remarkable achievement of multicomponent selective reactions via complex, multistep reaction pathways, and the mechanosynthesis of representative heterocycles. The final section comments on some pending tasks in the area, such as scaling-up of milling processes to be of practical use in the chemical industry, the requirement of easier and more efficient control of reaction parameters and monitoring devices, and consequently the careful analysis of additional procedures for a proper understanding of mechanochemical phenomena.

1 Introduction

2 Brief History of Mechanochemistry

3 Milling Equipment and Reaction Parameters

4 Attributes of Mechanochemistry That Propelled Its Present Renaissance

4.1 Enormous Attention Being Presently Paid to Sustainable Chemistry

4.2 Reduced Energy Consumption

4.3 Additive-Based Mechanochemistry

4.4 Handling of Insoluble Reactants

4.5 ‘Impossible’ Reactions That Are Successful by Milling

4.6 Successful Handling of Air- and Water-Sensitive Reagents by Ball Milling

5 Salient Developments in the Mechanochemical Activation of Synthetic Organic Chemistry

5.1 Amino Acid and Peptide Mechanosynthesis

5.2 Asymmetric Organic Synthesis and Asymmetric Organocatalysis under Ball-Milling Conditions

5.3 Mechanoenzymology

5.4 Multicomponent Reactions Activated by Mechanochemistry

5.5 Mechanosynthesis of Heterocycles and Modification of Heterocycles

6 Future Directions

6.1 Scaling-Up Mechanochemical Protocols

6.2 Temperature-Controlled Mechanochemistry

6.3 Understanding Mechanochemical Transformations

6.4 Emerging Mechanochemical Techniques

7 Conclusions
Settings of a novel electrosurgical generator to enable efficient and safe submucosal endoscopic procedures
Authors: Jawaid Salmaan , Keihanian Tara , Khalaf Mai , Riojas-Barrett Margarita , Abdeljaber Wesam , Mercado Michael , Zabad Noor , Othman Mohamed O.
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims A novel electrosurgical generator unit (ESU), ConMed Beamer, was recently introduced to facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) by employing Automatic Cutting Effect (ACE) technology. Its use in submucosal endoscopy has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing ESD and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) using novel settings generated with ConMed Beamer ESU.

Patients and methods This was a single-center prospective study of 59 consecutive patients undergoing ESD/POEM at a tertiary referral center. ESU settings were initially generated by testing in live animal models prior to first in-human study. The primary outcome was technical success. Secondary outcomes were procedure times, rate of en bloc/R0 resection, and rate of adverse events (AEs).

Results A total of 44 patients (50 polyps) and 15 patients
underwent ESD and POEM, respectively. En bloc resection, R0 resection, and curative resection
rates were 90%, 77.1%, and 70.8%, respectively. Mean maximal length of the lesion was 3.07 cm
± 1.43 with an average dissection speed of 14.2 cm2/hr ± 11.1. Technical success
was achieved in 100% of POEM patients. Mean time (minutes) to complete the POEM procedure was
50.1 min ± 12.4. Two major AEs occurred among all patients (3.4%). All intraprocedural
bleeding events were controlled using the ConMed Beamer ESU.

Conclusions ConMed Beamer ESU settings generated from this study were proven safe and effective in a prospective cohort of patients who underwent submucosal endoscopic procedures. This novel ESU can be added to the armamentarium of ESD capable generators.
Current state of biliary cannulation techniques during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): International survey study
Authors: Kouanda Abdul , Bayudan Alexis , Hussain Azhar , Avila Patrick , Kamal Faisal , Hasan Muhammad Khalid , Dai Sun-Chuan , Munroe Craig , Thiruvengadam Nikhil , Arain Mustafa A
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Endoscopist techniques affect biliary
cannulation success and the risk of adverse events during endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This survey study aims to understand the current practice of
biliary cannulation techniques among endoscopists.

Methods Practicing endoscopists were sent an anonymous
28-question electronic survey on biliary cannulation techniques and intraprocedural
pancreatitis prophylactic strategies.

Results The survey was completed by 692 endoscopists (6.2%
females). A wire-guided cannulation technique (WGT) was the preferred initial biliary
cannulation approach (95%). The preferred secondary approaches were a double-wire (DWT)
(65.8%), precut needle-knife technique (NKT) (25.7%), transpancreatic sphincterotomy (5.9%) or
other (2.6%). Overall, 18.1% of respondents were not comfortable with NKTs. In the setting of
pancreatic duct (PD) access, 81.9% and 97% reported a threshold of three or more wire passes
or contrast injections into the PD, respectively, before changing strategy, 34% reported
placement of a prophylactic PD stent <50% of the time and 12.1% reported removal of the PD
stent at the end of the procedure. Advanced endoscopy fellowship (AEF) training and high
volume (>200 ERCPs per year) were associated with comfort with precut NKTs and likelihood
of prophylactic PD stent (P<0.001 for both).

Conclusions A WGT technique followed by the DWT and NKT were the
preferred biliary cannulation techniques; however, almost one-fifth of respondents were not
comfortable with the NKT. There was considerable variability in secondary cannulation
approaches, time spent attempting biliary cannulation and prophylactic PD stent placement,
factors known to be associated with cannulation success and adverse outcomes.
Cancer Risk of Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome and Treatment Experience: A Chinese Medical Center
Authors: Xu Zuxin , Gu Guoli
Published: May 2023

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS), also known as hereditary mucocutaneous pigmented gastrointestinal polyposis, is a clinically rare autosomal dominant genetic disease, which falls into the category of hereditary colorectal cancer. There are ∼7,000 new cases of PJS in China every year, and 170,000 PJS patients may survive for a long time in society. PJS polyps are characterized by an early age of onset, difficult diagnosis and treatment, and easy recurrence. With repeated growth, polyps can lead to serious complications such as intestinal obstruction, intussusception, gastrointestinal bleeding, and cancerization, which cause serious clinical problems. Due to repeated hospitalization and endoscopic follow-up, PJS patients and their families suffer from great physical and mental pain and economic burden. With the in-depth understanding of PJS and the development and popularization of endoscopic techniques in the past decade, an integrated treatment modality based on endoscopy plus surgery has gradually become the preferred treatment in most hospitals, which greatly improves the quality of life of PJS patients. However, there is still a lack of effective drug prevention and cure means. In this paper, the current clinical treatment means for PJS polyps were summarized by literature review combined with the treatment experience of our medical center, with a focus on their clinical diagnosis, treatment, and cancer risk.
Endoscopic Treatment for Nonhypertrophic Idiopathic Pyloric Stenosis in an Adolescent Patient
Authors: Ferlini Carlo Maria , De Lorenzi Elena , Belgiovine Cristina , Cereda Emanuele , Caimmi Silvia Maria Elena , Raffaele Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Nonhypertrophic idiopathic pyloric stenosis (NHIPS) is a rare occurrence in children. It could be related to peptic ulcers, but a definitive cause is yet to be found. Treatment is a matter of debate, ranging from medical to surgical. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy suffering postprandial vomiting and weight loss in the previous 3 months. NHIPS was diagnosed and successfully treated with several sessions of endoscopic pyloric dilation and jejunal feeding. In association with a multidisciplinary approach, endoscopic dilation should be considered as a first-line treatment to avoid surgery.
How Chief Executive Officers’ first-hand experience of the Great Chinese Famine affects risk-taking?
Authors: Li Dayuan , Huang Chen , Wang Ding
Published: May 2023

To understand the influence of Chief Executive Officers’ (CEOs) early life experiences on their firms’ strategic decision-making, here we explore the impacts of CEOs’ experience of the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) on their cognitions and firm risk-taking. Using longitudinal data from publicly listed companies in China from 2006 to 2017, we found that CEOs who experienced the 3-year-long famine are more risk-averse, but that this relationship only exists among CEOs who experienced the famine during their formative years (between 6 and 18 years old). In addition, we found that the negative relationship between CEOs’ early experiences of famine and firms’ risk-taking is weaker when the firm is state-owned and stronger when the firm is facing fiercely competitive markets. We also take a step further to explore the impact of the severity of the famine on individuals, and we find that there is a positive relationship between the severity of the famine and firm risk-taking only within a moderate level. When the severity exceeds a certain level, CEOs are reluctant to take risks with the increase in the severity of the famine. Our findings provide a new theoretical and practical perspective in studying the relationship between CEOs’ early experiences with disaster and firm risk-taking.
Study on discharge characteristics of six-gap gas switch with corona assisted triggering
Authors: Jiang Hongyu , Jiang Xiaofeng , Wang Zhiguo , Sun Fengju , Wei Hao , Lou Cheng , Qiu Aici
Published: May 2023

To improve the triggering characteristics of the gas switch used for linear transformer driver, a method of corona assisted triggering based on the pre-ionization in switch gaps is proposed and applied to a six-gap gas switch. The principle is demonstrated by electrostatic field analysis and verified by the experimental study on the discharge characteristics of the gas switch. The results indicate that when the gas pressure is 0.3 MPa, the self-breakdown voltage remains about ±80 kV, and its dispersivity is lower than 3%. The effect of corona assisted triggering on the triggering characteristics increases with the higher permittivity of the inner shield. The positive trigger voltage of the switch with the proposed method can be reduced from 110 to 30 kV at a charging voltage of ±80 kV when the jitter is equal to that of the original switch. There are no pre-fire or late-fire when the switch operates continuously for 2000 shots.