bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GC/MS and LC–MS Analysis and in‐vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Crude Methanol Extract from the Leaves of Acacia Gerrardii Benth. Growing in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Algethami Faisal K.
Published: February 2024

In this study, I determined the essential oil (EO) chemical composition and crude methanol extract (ME) phytochemical profile of the leaves of Acacia gerrardii (ACGL), a plant growing in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, I assessed their in vitro antioxidant activity. The gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of the EO revealed a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (79.86 %), primarily dominated by pulegone (35.11 %), carvacrol (27.36 %), and neo‐dihydrocarveol (4.67 %). The ME was analyzed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to determine its qualitative chemical profile. Four organic acids, eleven phenolic compounds, sixteen flavonoids, nine terpenoids (eight triterpenoids and one diterpenoid), and one coumarin were found in the ME of ACGL. This extract was found to be dominated by 5,6,4‐trihydroxy‐7,3‐dimethoxyflavone (39.30 %), acteoside (30.27 %), nevadensin (7.55 %), isoacteoside (3.08 %) and apiin (3.23 %), and hesperidin (2.73 %). The phenolic (TPC=127.70±1.47 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract) and flavonoid (TFC=85.48±0.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract) contents of the ME were also assessed. The in vitro antioxidant activities of both the EO and ME were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous ion chelating effect assays. Compared to the positive control (vit. E and Vit. C), and both extracts exhibited excellent activity.
Proximal optimization technique and percutaneous coronary intervention for left main disease: POTENTIAL‐LM
Authors: Volet Corentin , Puricel Serban , Cook Selma T. , di Cicco Philippe , Faucherre Yannick , Arroyo Diego , Togni Mario , Cook Stéphane
Published: February 2024

Background

Optimal stent deployment in left main (LM) bifurcation is paramount, and incomplete stent apposition may cause major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Bench studies show that the proximal optimization technique (POT) provides the best stent apposition.

Aims

We aimed to investigate the impact of POT on clinical outcomes in patients treated for unprotected LM (ULM) disease at our institution.

Methods

We identified 162 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ULM coronary disease in the Cardio‐FR database. Out of these, 99 (61%) had undergone POT, while 63 patients were treated without POT. The primary outcome was the bifurcation‐oriented composite endpoint (BOCE) of cardiac death, target‐bifurcation myocardial infarction and target‐bifurcation revascularization at maximal follow‐up.

Results

Mean age was 76 years, and 69% presented with acute coronary syndrome. Mean follow‐up was 2.25 years (822 days). The BOCE occurred in 43 (27%) of which 20 (20%) in the POT group and 23 (37%) in the no‐POT group (p = 0.009). Cardiac death occurred in 15 (15%) patients in the POT‐ and 17 (27%) in no‐POT group (p = 0.26). Target bifurcation revascularization occurred in 4 (4%) patients in the POT‐ and 6 (10%) patients in the no‐POT group (p = 0.19). POT In the multivariate analysis, POT was the strongest parameter and was associated with BOCE, cardiac death, occurrence of any revascularization and all‐cause mortality.

Conclusion

The POT improves clinical outcomes. These findings strongly support the systematic use of POT in patients undergoing ULM‐PCI.
H2 Pressure Dependence in the Homogeneously Catalyzed Guerbet Reaction of Ethanol to Butanol using Mn(I) and Ru(II)
Authors: Roca Jungfer Maximilian , Schwarz J. Luca , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas , Paciello Rocco , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas
Published: February 2024

The homogeneously catalyzed Guerbet upgrading of ethanol to butanol can be modulated by the application of partial H2 pressure before the reaction. Ruthenium(II) PNP pincer complexes with methylene‐extended acridine‐based ligands and singly‐chelated ruthenium(II) complexes with PN ligands perform best at very low catalyst loadings and upon the application of catalyst‐specific pre‐reaction partial H2 pressure. The combination of ruthenium(II) PNP pincer complexes and manganese(I) pincer complexes with MACHO‐type PNP ligands allows for even lower ruthenium loadings while retaining low base load and consumption, thus enabling high space‐time yields, catalyst productivity and recyclability. Mechanistically, Mn is proposed to stabilize coordinatively unsaturated Ru species and allow coordination of ethoxide to Ru instead of attacking the electrophilic ligand backbone based on NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.
Versatile Polymerization‐Induced Emission Polymers from Barbier Polymerization of Cinnamic Esters with Tunable Emission
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Li , Chen Yu‐Jiao , Cai Hua‐Wen , Gu Xi‐Yao , Li De‐Shan , Wu Liang‐Tao , Wan Wen‐Ming
Published: February 2024

Cinnamic ester is a common and abundant chemical substance, which can be extracted from natural plants. Compared with traditional esters, cinnamic ester contains α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl structure with multiple reactive sites, resulting in more abundant reactivities and chemical structures. Here, a versatile polymerization‐induced emission (PIE) is successfully demonstrated through Barbier polymerization of cinnamic ester. Attributed to its abundant reactivities of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl structure, Barbier polymerization of cinnamic esters with different organodihalides gives polyalcohol and polyketone via 1,2‐addition and 1,4‐addition, respectively, which is also confirmed by small molecular model reactions. Meanwhile, these organodihalides dependant polyalcohol and polyketone exhibit different non‐traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) from aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) type to aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) type, where novel PIE luminogens (PIEgens) are revealed. Further potential applications in explosive detection are carried out, where it achieves TNT detection sensitivity at ppm level in solution and ng level on the test paper. This work therefore expands the structure and functionality libraries of monomer, polymer and NTIL, which might cause inspirations to different fields including polymer chemistry, NTIL, AIE and PIE.
From the Iron Pentacarbonyl Cation to Heteroleptic η6‐arene Carbonyls and bis‐η6‐arene Cations
Authors: Rall Jan M. , Nork Leonie , Engesser Tobias A. , Mayländer Maximilian , Weber Stefan , Richert Sabine , Krossing Ingo
Published: February 2024

Partial ligand substitution at the iron pentacarbonyl radical cation generates novel half‐sandwich complexes of the type [Fe(η6‐arene)(CO)2]⋅+ (arene=1,3,5‐tri‐tert‐butylbenzene, 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene, benzene and fluorobenzene). Of those, the bulkier 1,3,5‐tri‐tert‐butylbenzene (mes*) derivative [Fe(mes*)(CO)2]⋅+ was fully characterized by XRD analysis, IR, NMR, cw‐EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry as the [Al(ORF)4]− (RF=C(CF3)3) salt. Chemical electronation, i. e., the single electron reduction, with decamethylferrocene generates neutral [Fe(mes*)(CO)2], whereas further deelectronation under CO‐pressure leads to a dicationic three‐legged [Fe(mes*)(CO)3]2+ salt with [Al(ORF)4]− counterion. The full substitution of the carbonyl ligands in [Fe(CO)5]⋅+[Al(ORF)4]− mainly resulted in disproportionation reactions, giving solid Fe(0) and the dicationic bis‐arene salts [Fe(η6‐arene)2]2+([Al(ORF)4]−)2 (arene=1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene, benzene and fluorobenzene). Only by employing the very large fluoride bridged anion [F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]−, it was possible to isolate an open shell bis‐arene cation salt [Fe(C6H6)2]⋅+[F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]−. The highly reactive cation was characterized by XRD analysis, cw‐EPR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The disproportionation of [Fe(C6H6)2]⋅+ salts to give solid Fe(0) and [Fe(C6H6)2]2+ salts was analyzed by a suitable cycle, revealing that the thermodynamic driving force for the disproportionation is a function of the size of the anion used and the polarity of the solvent.
Closed‐loop of Catalyzed Lactate Oxidization Synergistically Sensitizes Apoptosis and Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ma Yajun , Chen Jianquan , Yang Yan , Qian Hanqing
Published: February 2024

Lactate accumulated in Tumor is a key oncometabolite and associated with various oncogenic processes, including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression and therapeutic resistance. Particularly, lactate contributes to the apoptosis and ferroptosis resistance in cancer cells. Consequently, blockade of lactate provides a promising opportunity for cancer therapy. However, due to abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME) and intracellular glutathione (GSH) mediated ferroptosis resistance, the current approaches for regulating lactate to sensitize cells to apoptosis and ferroptosis are still challenging. Herein, we developed a catalytic lactate oxidizing liposomes (Lip‐LM) incorporated with lactate oxidase (LOX)‐loaded MnO2 nanoparticles. O2 regenerated from H2O2 constitute closed‐loop of lactate oxidation catalyzed by LOX, enhancing the lactate‐consuming efficacy in TME. Besides, glutathione is consumed by MnO2 to amplify the ferroptosis susceptibility of cancer cells. The results showed that Lip‐LM achieved synergistical apoptosis and ferroptosis to enhance the anti‐tumor efficacy of amplified oxidative stress in cancer cells through the strategy of self‐sufficient O2 supplying and GSH consumption. The results of transcriptomics and proteomics analyses also support the synergistical anti‐tumor mechanisms of Lip‐LM. Hence, it is a promising catalytic nanoplatform combined lactate regulation and oxidative stress amplification and have great potential to further enhance therapeutic outcomes based on synergistical apoptosis and ferroptosis.
Phase Engineering of MXene Derivatives Via Molecular Design for High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhai Xingwu , Cao Xin , Liu Zhihao , Tang Xinfeng , Hu Zhihong , Wang Hang , Wang Zhandong , Xu Yang , He Wei , Zheng Wei , Zhou Min , Sun ZhengMing
Published: February 2024

Since 2019, research into MXene derivatives has seen a dramatic rise; further progress requires a rational design for specific functionality. Herein, through a molecular design by selecting suitable functional groups in the MXene coating, we have implemented the dual N doping of the derivatives, nitrogen‐doped TiO2@nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets (N‐TiO2@NC), to strike a balance between the active anatase TiO2 at low temperatures, and carbon activation at high temperatures. The NH3 reduction environment generated at 400 °C as evidenced by the in situ pyrolysis SVUV‐PIMS process is crucial for concurrent phase engineering. With both electrical conductivity and surface Na+ availability, the N‐TiO2@NC achieves higher interface capacitive‐like sodium storage with long‐term stability. More than 100 mAh g−1 is achieved at 2 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. The proposed design may be extended to other MXenes and solidify the growing family of MXene derivatives for energy storage.
Two‐Dimensional Metallophthalocyanine Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Xinqi , Sun Shaohui , Yao Jiahao , Wan Hao , Ma Renzhi , Ma Wei
Published: February 2024

Growing energy demand drives the rapid development of clean and reliable energy sources. In the past years, the exploration of novel materials with considerable efficiency and durability has drawn attention in the area of electrochemical energy conversion. Transition metal macrocyclic metallophthalocyanines (MPcs)‐based catalysts with a peculiar 2D constitution have emerged with a promising future account of their highly structural tailorability and molecular functionality which greatly extend their functionalities as electrocatalytic materials for energy conversion. This review summarizes the systematic engineering of synthesis of MPcs and their analogs in detail, and mostly pays attention to the frontier research of MPc‐based high‐performance catalysts toward different electrocatalytic processes concerning hydrogen, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, with a particular focus on discussing the interrelationship between the electrocatalytic activity and component/structure, as well as functional applications of MPcs. Finally, we give the gaps that need to be addressed after much thought.
Direct Transition‐Metal‐Free Enantioselective Hydroxylation: Expeditious Access to 3‐Functionalized 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles
Authors: Zhao Shouqin , Yang Wen , Lan Yunfei , Zhao Yanteng , Xu Yi , Liu Wanqing , Wang Linlin , Zhou Xin , Yu Changyan , Guo Ting , Yuan Lujiang , Jia Qianfa , Ren Qiao
Published: February 2024

Inspired by the ubiquitous prevalence of 3‐hydroxyoxindoles in natural products and pharmaceuticals, we herein disclose a direct and practical transition‐metal‐free asymmetric hydroxylation using commercially available Davis enantiopure oxaziridines as efficient oxidants, expeditiously affording an array of medicinally active 3‐functionalized 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles bearing quaternary stereocenters. The protocol features cheap reactants, ease of operation, scalability, and good functional‐group tolerance and efficient formal synthesis of natural products.
Progress and Complexities in Metal–Air Battery Technology
Authors: Ramasubramanian Brindha , Dalapati Goutam Kumar , Reddy Mogalahalli Venkateshreddy Venkatashamy , Zaghib Karim , Chellappan Vijila , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: February 2024

Metal–air batteries (MABs) offer exceptional energy density, making them attractive for vehicle electrification and storing intermittent renewable energy. However, several challenges persist, including sluggish oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, interfacial stability issues, and challenges related to current collectors. Herein, the reasons behind MAB's failures are analyzed, considering their thermodynamic aspects (Gibbs free energy, entropy), electrochemical factors (redox potentials, polarization, and ion concentrations), and kinetic properties (mobility of charges). Strategies for mitigating energy barriers of the electrodes are explored, encompassing insights into the initiation process of the oxygen reduction and determinants of oxygen evolution kinetics. The impact of humidity on the electrolyte is assessed, and effective methods for dendrite prevention are elucidated. Additionally, the utilization of 3D electrodes, oxygen‐selective membranes, solid‐state electrolytes, hybrid polymer electrodes, conductive electrocatalysts, and artificial solid‐electrolyte interfaces, and their effects on addressing the challenges faced by MABs are discussed. The study also emphasizes six critical commercialization aspects for the advancement of MABs. Lastly, the potential prospects and challenges in the field of MAB technology are discussed.
Well‐being in healthy Icelandic women varies with extreme seasonality in ambient light
Authors: Chester Emily M. , Kolacz Jacek , Ake Christine J. , Thornburg Jonathan , Chen Xiwei , Shea Amanda A. , Birgisdóttir Bryndís Eva , Gunnlaugsson Geir , Vitzthum Virginia J.
Published: February 2024

Seasonal variation in photoperiod may affect psychosocial and physical well‐being in healthy persons. We tested this hypothesis in healthy pre‐menopausal women, without a history of mood disorders, living year‐round in Reykjavik, Iceland (64.1°N). Participants reported daily self‐assessments of well‐being throughout a complete ovulatory menstrual cycle in summer and/or winter (70% participated in both seasons). Scores for mood, cognitive acuity, social support, physical health and a composite of these four indicators were each significantly higher in summer than in winter (linear mixed effects models: p < .001 for each model); tiredness did not differ by season. The effect of season was not significantly changed by inclusion of body mass index and/or age as covariates. Some prior studies have been hampered by sparse time sampling, inattention to covariates and/or relying on recalled data. This is to our knowledge the first investigation to test the study hypothesis with daily real‐time data spanning complete ovulatory menstrual cycles in each of two seasons. This dense sampling has revealed modest seasonal variation in well‐being in healthy women. Daylength (sunlight exposure) is likely a major, but not necessarily sole, factor in these seasonal differences in well‐being; temperature is likely less important given Iceland's relatively moderate (for its high latitude) seasonal temperature swings.
Varying material thickness of silicone rubber for tunable nitric oxide release
Authors: Maffe Patrick , Devine Ryan , Garren Mark , Handa Hitesh
Published: February 2024

Silicone rubber (SR), a common medical‐grade polymer used in medical devices, has previously been modified for nitric oxide (NO) releasing capabilities. However, the effects of material properties such as film thickness on NO release kinetics are not well explored. In this study, SR is used in the first analysis of how a polymer's thickness affects the storage and uptake of an NO donor and subsequent release properties. Observed NO release trends show that a polymer's thickness results in tunable NO release. These results indicate how crucial a polymer's thickness is to optimize the NO release in an efficient and effective method.
Evaluation of Kidney Injury Using Arterial Spin Labeling and Blood Oxygen Level‐Dependent MRI: An Experimental Study in Rats With Carbon Tetrachloride‐Induced Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Qin Jiaming , Xie Shuangshuang , Yu Yongquan , Yang Jiaqi , Zhao Yumeng , Qiu Caixin , Li Xiaotian , Zhang Cheng , Hu Zhandong , Tong Dan , Zhu Jinxia , Kuehn Bernd , Shen Wen
Published: February 2024

Background

Serum creatinine (Scr) may be not suited to timely and accurately reflect kidney injury related to chronic liver disease. Currently, the ability of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) sequences to evaluate renal blood flow (RBF) and blood oxygen in chronic liver disease remains to be verified.

Purpose

To investigate the value of ASL and BOLD imaging in evaluating hemodynamics and oxygenation changes during kidney injury in an animal model of chronic liver disease.

Study Type

Prospective.

Animal Model

Chronic liver disease model was established by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride. Forty‐three male Sprague–Dawley rats (8 weeks) were divided into a pathological group (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks, each group: N = 6) and a continuous‐scanning group (N = 7).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, ASL, BOLD, and T2W.

Assessment

Regions of interest in the cortex (CO), outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM), and inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) are manually delineated. The RBF and T2* values at each time point (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks) are measured and compared. Hematoxylin–eosin score (HE Score, damage area scoring method), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α), peritubular capillar (PTC) density, Scr, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin were harvested.

Statistical Tests

Analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and receiver operating characteristic analysis with the area under the curve (AUC). A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Renal RBF and T2* values of CO, OSOM, and ISOM were significantly different from baseline. Both RBF and T2* were significantly correlated with HE Score, α‐SMA, HIF‐1α, and PTC density (|r| = 0.406–0.853). RBF demonstrated superior diagnostic capability in identifying severe kidney injury in this model of chronic liver disease (AUC = 0.964).

Data Conclusion

Imaging by ASL and BOLD may detect renal hemodynamics and oxygenation changes related to chronic liver disease early.

Evidence Level

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Climatological features of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Ranalkar Manish R. , Giri Ram Kumar , Ray Kamaljit
Published: February 2024

The study investigates the climatological variation of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones (RITCs) developed in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) using observational and reanalysis data from 1982 to 2020. The analysis reveals that out of 153 tropical cyclones (TC) developed in the NIO, 59 TCs underwent rapid intensification (RI). The monthly variation of RITCs exhibited bimodal distribution with a primary peak in November and a secondary peak in May. The percentage of RITCs during April–June is higher as compared to October–December. The study identifies the core zones of RI initiation in the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB), respectively. The occurrences of RITCs over the AS have been observed to increase since 2000. Over 65% of RITCs occurred within 12 h of TC formation, and the duration of RI varies from 24 to 48 h. TCs with lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) less than 55 kt have not undergone RI. The trend in the 95th percentile of 24‐h intensity changes is positive but insignificant (p‐value >0.05) in the AS, and for the BoB, it is negative and significant (p‐value <0.05). We infer that there has been an insignificant increase in the 95th percentile of 24‐h intensity change at the rate of 0.32 kt per year in the AS and a significant decrease in the 95th percentile of 24‐h intensity change at the rate of −0.21 kt per year in the BoB. The analysis further reveals that during the RI phase the composite SST of RITCs exceeds 30°C in the core zone, and the mid‐tropospheric (700–500 hPa) relative humidity at the centre of RITCs is high, preventing the intrusion of dry air from the west and aiding in the sustenance and intensification of TCs. The study not only provides insight into the climatology of RITCs in the NIO but also delineates the interplay of large‐scale atmospheric and oceanic parameters in fostering rapid intensification of TCs.
Understanding the living‐related pediatric liver transplantation donor's decision process: A questionnaire‐based retrospective study
Authors: Jain Shalu , Kumar Karunesh , Malhotra Smita , Venuthurimilli Arun , Goyal Neerav , Sibal Anupam
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES

To analyse the donor characteristics and understand the sociocultural and familial aspects of the decision to donate for living donor liver transplant.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study done in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of a liver transplant centre. We enrolled the consenting donors of pediatric liver transplantation between January 2020 and January 2022. The study was conducted through an anonymized questionnaire which was drafted in a multiple‐choice format. The questionnaire had three domains having questions pertaining to demographic details, donor characteristics and sociofamilial aspects of the decision‐making process.

RESULTS

The study cohort consisted of 50 donors, 23 males (46%) and 27 females (54%), with the mean age being 31.8 ± 5.6 years. Parent‐to‐child was the most frequent relationship (n = 39, 78%). More than half of our donors had annual income <2.5 lakh/annum or <3500 USD (n = 27, 54%). Twenty‐six (52%) responders had >4 members in their family; 62% were residing in urban areas and 52% of the donors were graduates. The main source of information regarding the feasibility of living donor liver transplantation was primary physicians in 46%. Financial management was the main hurdle in 72%. Majority (74%) denied any effect on their marital relationship and 6% of donors thought that the degree of information provided to them before the transplantation regarding donation was insufficient.

CONCLUSION

Our study serves as an essential tool for health professionals to provide sufficient support to the donor. Clinical outcomes and cost must be part of the discussion between caregivers, health professionals and fund contributors.
Potential of fermented foods and their metabolites in improving gut microbiota function and lowering gastrointestinal inflammation
Authors: Padhi Srichandan , Sarkar Puja , Sahoo Dinabandhu , Rai Amit Kumar
Published: February 2024

Foods prepared using microbial conversion of major and minor food components, which are otherwise known as fermented foods continue to impact human health. The live microorganisms and transformed metabolites can also have a deep influence on the gut microbiota, the multifaceted population of microorganisms dwelling inside the gut play a key role in wellbeing of an individual. The probiotic strains delivered through the consumption of fermented food and other bioactive components such as polyphenolic metabolites, bioactive peptides, short‐chain fatty acids and others including those produced via gut microbiota mediated transformations have been proposed to balance the gut microbiota diversity and activity, and also to regulate the inflammation in the gut. However, little is known about such effects and only a handful of fermented foods have been explored to date. We herein review the recent knowledge on the dysbiotic gut microbiota linking to major gut inflammatory diseases. Also, evidences that fermented food consumption modulates the gut microbiota, and its impact on the gut inflammation and inflammatory diseases have been discussed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The response pattern of the microbial community structure and metabolic profile of jiupei to Bacillus subtilis JP1 addition during baijiu fermentation
Authors: Dan Hulin , Song Xuemiao , Xiang Gangxing , Song Chuan , Dai Hancong , Shao Yan , Huang Dan , Luo Huibo
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Baijiu brewing is a complex and multifaceted multimicrobial co‐fermentation process, in which various microorganisms interact to form an interdependent micro‐ecosystem, subsequently influencing metabolic activities and compound production. Among these microorganisms, Bacillus, an important bacterial genus in the liquor brewing process, remains unclear in its role in shaping the brewing microbial community and its functional metabolism.

RESULTS

A baijiu fermentation system was constructed using B. subtilis JP1 isolated from native jiupei (grain mixture) combined with daqu (a saccharifying agent) and huangshui (a fermentation byproduct). Based on high‐throughput amplicon sequencing analysis, it was evident that B. subtilis JP1 significantly influences bacterial microbial diversity and fungal community structure in baijiu fermentation. Of these, Aspergillus and Monascus emerge as the most markedly altered microbial genera in the jiupei community. Based on co‐occurrence networks and bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models, it was demonstrated that the addition of B. subtilis JP1 intensified microbial interactions in jiupei fermentation, consequently enhancing the production of volatile flavor compounds such as heptanoic acid, butyl hexanoate and 3‐methylthiopropanol in jiupei.

CONCLUSION

B. subtilis JP1 significantly alters the microbial community structure of jiupei, enhancing aroma formation during fermentation. These findings will contribute to a broader application in solid‐state fermentation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polyethylene bearing wear is comparable for cemented and cementless Oxford unicompartmental knee replacements: Ten‐year results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arthur Lachlan W. , Ghosh Priyanka , Mohammad Hasan R. , Campi Stefano , Kendrick Benjamin J. L. , Murray David W. , Mellon Stephen J.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

There is concern that using cementless components may increase polyethylene wear of the Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement (OUKR). Therefore, this study aimed to measure bearing wear at 10 years in patients from a randomized trial comparing Phase 3 cemented and cementless OUKRs and to investigate factors that may affect wear. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in wear rate between cemented and cementless OUKRs.

Methods

Bearing thickness was determined using radiostereometric analysis at postoperative, 3‐month, 6‐month, 1‐year, 2‐year, 5‐year and 10‐year timepoints. As creep occurs early, wear rate was calculated using linear regression between 6 months and 10 years for 39 knees (20 cemented, 19 cementless). Associations between wear and implant, surgical and patient factors were analysed.

Results

The linear wear rate of the Phase 3 OUKR was 0.06 mm/year with no significant difference (p = 0.18) between cemented (0.054 mm/year) and cementless (0.063 mm/year) implants. Age, Oxford Knee Score, component size and bearing thickness had no correlation with wear. A body mass index ≥ 30 was associated with a significantly lower wear rate (p = 0.007) as was having ≥80% femoral component contact area on the bearing (p = 0.003). Bearings positioned ≥1.5 mm from the tibial wall had a significantly higher wear rate (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

At 10 years, the Phase 3 OUKR linear wear rate is low and not associated with the fixation method. To minimize the risk of wear‐related bearing fracture in the very long‐term surgeons should consider using 4 mm bearings in very young active patients and ensure that components are appropriately positioned, which is facilitated by the current instrumentation.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Stability and bifurcation analysis of fractional‐order tumor–macrophages interaction model with multi‐delays
Authors: Padder Ausif , Mokkedem Fatima Zahra , Lotfi El Mehdi
Published: February 2024

In the realm of modeling biological systems with memory, particularly those involving intricate interactions like tumor‐immune responses, the utilization of multiple time delays and Caputo‐type fractional‐order derivatives represents a cutting‐edge approach. In this research paper, we introduce a novel fractional‐order model to investigate the dynamic interplay between tumors and macrophages, a key component of the immune system, while incorporating multiple time delays into our framework. Our proposed model comprises a system of three Caputo‐type fractional‐order differential equations, each representing distinct cell populations: tumor cells, anti‐tumor cells (specifically
‐type macrophages with pro‐inflammatory properties), and pro‐tumor cells (
‐type macrophages with immune‐suppressive characteristics). The stability of equilibria is discussed by analyzing the characteristic equations for each case, and the existence conditions for the Hopf bifurcation are obtained according to the critical values of delay parameters. Furthermore, numerical simulations are presented in order to verify the analytical results obtained for stability and Hopf‐bifurcation with respect to the two‐time delay parameters
and
. The analysis shows the rich dynamics of the model according to the fractional‐order parameter and the time delay parameters.
Monostatic microwave imaging of cancerous breast phantom with a frequency to time domain conversion technique
Authors: Asok Athul O. , S. J. Gokul Nath , Dey Sukomal
Published: February 2024

The letter presents a method of frequency to time domain conversion of Scattering Parameter data for microwave imaging applications. The time to frequency domain conversion was initially tested in the MATLAB. The testing was conducted in a realistic microwave imaging environment with an antenna and a heterogeneous breast phantom. Note that, the time domain signal obtained from the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) as well as the time domain signal obtained with the introduced process is similar indicating efficiency of the proposed method. An ultra‐wideband (UWB) signal is transmitted from the transmitting Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna to the breast phantom and the received signals are collected by the same antenna over a monostatic process. A total of 36 antenna rotations were considered while scanning the phantom from various orientations. All the data stored in the VNA is extracted and the proposed frequency to time domain conversion technique was applied to it. Finally, the Delay and Sum beamforming algoirithm was used to reconstruct the target image.
The CAPN3 p.Lys 254del variant is not always associated with dominant CAPN3‐related muscular dystrophy
Authors: Valls Andrea , Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez Gerardo , Martínez Agustín , Ruiz‐Roldán Cristina , Camaño Pilar , López de Munain Adolfo , Sáenz Amets
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Aims

Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy R1 (LGMDR1) calpain 3‐related usually presents as a recessively transmitted weakness of proximal limb‐girdle muscles due to pathogenic variants in the CAPN3 gene. Pathogenic variants in this gene have also been found in patients with an autosomal dominantly inherited transmission pattern (LGMDD4). The mechanism underlying this difference in transmission patterns has not yet been elucidated. Camptocormia, progressive limb weakness, myalgia, back pain, and increased CK levels are common clinical features associated with dominant forms. The p.Lys254del pathogenic variant was associated with camptocormia in two LGMDD4 families. This study aimed to present carriers found in recessively transmitted LGMDR1 families bearing the p.Lys254del variant that do not show muscle weakness.

Methods

DNA sequencing was performed on exon 5 of CAPN3 in family members to establish the carrier status of the pathogenic variant. They were evaluated clinically and MRI was performed when available.

Results

Two families presented with the p.Lys254del pathogenic variant in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state. Family members carrying only the pathogenic variant in the heterozygous state did not demonstrate the myopathic characteristics described in dominant patients. Camptocormia and other severe clinical symptoms were not observed.

Discussion

We conclude that the p.Lys254del pathogenic variant per se cannot be solely responsible for camptocormia in dominant patients. Other undisclosed factors may regulate the phenotype associated with the dominant inheritance pattern in CAPN3 pathogenic variant carriers.
Contrast‐free dynamic susceptibility contrast using sinusoidal and bolus oxygenation challenges
Authors: Vu Chau , Shen Jian , Gonzalez‐Zacarias Clio , Xu Botian , Baas Koen , Choi Soyoung , Nederveen Aart , Wood John C.
Published: February 2024

Deoxygenation‐based dynamic susceptibility contrast (dDSC) MRI uses respiratory challenges as a source of endogenous contrast as an alternative to gadolinium injection. These gas challenges induce T2*‐weighted MRI signal losses, after which tracer kinetics modeling was applied to calculate cerebral perfusion. This work compares three gas challenges, desaturation (transient hypoxia), resaturation (transient normoxia), and SineO2 (sinusoidal modulation of end‐tidal oxygen pressures) in a cohort of 10 healthy volunteers (age 37 ± 11 years; 60% female). Perfusion estimates consisted of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT). Calculations were computed using a traditional tracer kinetics model in the time domain for desaturation and resaturation and in the frequency domain for SineO2. High correlations and limits of agreement were observed among the three deoxygenation‐based paradigms for CBV, although MTT and CBF estimates varied with the hypoxic stimulus. Cross‐modality correlation with gadolinium DSC was lower, particularly for MTT, but on a par with agreement between the other perfusion references. Overall, this work demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of oxygen respiratory challenges to measure brain perfusion. Additional work is needed to assess the utility of dDSC in the diagnostic evaluation of various pathologies such as ischemic strokes, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Role function and job satisfaction of community nurses in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: He Yuxin , Guo Yan , Guo Xiaoyuan , Han Na , Xin Bo , Wu Yixin , Wan Qiuyuan , Shi Panpan , Yang Shan , Ksebe Waleed , Jiang Wenhui
Published: February 2024

Aim

To evaluate role function and job satisfaction, determine their relationship, and explore the factors influencing job satisfaction among community nurses in China.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This study was conducted between March and June 2020 on a cluster random sampling of 302 community nurses from 24 community health centres and stations in Xi'an, China. Self‐reported data were collected using the Demographics Questionnaire, Role Function of Community Nurses Questionnaire, and Job Satisfaction of Community Nurses Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to analyse data.

Results

Community nurses' main role function was organiser and manager (M = 2.56, SD = 0.987) and coordinator (M = 2.43, SD = 0.971). The lowest job satisfaction was for salary and benefits (M = 3.12, SD = 0.891) and personal development (M = 3.65, SD = 0.738). A positive correlation was found between the roles of caregiver, educator, navigator, and salary and benefits (p < 0.05) among community nurses. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that monthly income and working experience in nursing explained 61.1% of the variance in job satisfaction.
Multiple myeloma in the mandible mimicking a radicular cyst: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shimada Yasuyuki , Miyazaki Hideki , Hangaishi Akira , Maruoka Yutaka
Published: February 2024

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by monoclonal plasma cell proliferation. Mandibular involvement in patients with MM is rare, and its clinical and radiological characteristics remain unclear.

Case Presentation

A 78‐year‐old man presented with MM in the mandible, mimicking a radicular cyst. Chemotherapy yielded a poor prognosis, and the patient died 1.5 years post‐diagnosis. Literature suggests that jawbone involvement of MM is a poor prognostic factor.

Conclusion

This report highlights the features of MM in the jawbone, and its variable manifestation, which may include non‐neoplastic findings, thus emphasizing the importance of a definitive biopsy‐based diagnosis.
Convolutional neural network based on the fusion of image classification and segmentation module for weed detection in alfalfa
Authors: Yang Jie , Chen Yong , Yu Jialin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Accurate and reliable weed detection in real time is essential for realizing autonomous precision herbicide application. The objective of this research was to propose a novel neural network architecture to improve the detection accuracy for broadleaf weeds growing in alfalfa.

RESULTS

A novel neural network, ResNet‐101‐segmentation, was developed by fusing an image classification and segmentation module with the backbone selected from ResNet‐101. Compared with existing neural networks (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, VGG16, and ResNet‐101), ResNet‐101‐segmentation improved the detection of Carolina geranium, catchweed bedstraw, mugwort and speedwell from 78.27% to 98.17%, from 79.49% to 98.28%, from 67.03% to 96.23%, and from 75.95% to 98.06%, respectively. The novel network exhibited high values of confusion matrices (>90%) when trained with sufficient data sets.

CONCLUSION

ResNet‐101‐segmentation demonstrated excellent performance compared with existing models (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, VGG16, and ResNet‐101) for detecting broadleaf weeds growing in alfalfa. This approach offers a promising solution to increase the accuracy of weed detection, especially in cases where weeds and crops have similar plant morphology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Discovery and properties of novel analogues of the aphid pheromones nepetalactone and nepetalactol
Authors: Lu Yiming , Li Zhong , Shao Xusheng , Maienfisch Peter
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Pheromones have unique advantages for pest control. Current aphid pheromone research focuses on alarm and sex pheromones. However, practical applications are limited so far, as (E)‐β‐farnesene has only been investigated to a small extent as an alarm pheromone and only male aphids are targeted by sex pheromones. Previous literature reports electrophysiological responses and repellent behavior of asexual aphids to nepetalactone (1B), therefore our objective was to modify nepetalactone's structure to identify key fragments responsible for repellent effects, as guidance for subsequent modifications and further investigation.

RESULTS

In this study, seven derivatives were designed and synthesized based on nepetalactol (1A) and nepetalactone (1B) as lead compounds. Free‐choice tests, conducted using cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora), revealed that the lactone moiety was crucial for the repellent activity, and the removal of the carbonyl group eliminated the repelling effect. Compound (±)1I, an analogue of nepetalactone (1B), demonstrated a significantly higher repellent value than nepetalactone (1B) at three different concentrations, and even at 0.1 mg/mL it maintained a considerable repellent effect (26.5%). Electrostatic potential and density functional theory calculations supported the importance of the carbonyl group for the repellent effects.

CONCLUSION

The newly discovered para‐pheromone (±)1I shows improved repellent effects and potential for development as a novel biological control agent. Based on our innovative findings, analogues with improved efficacy and properties can be designed and prepared. Our research contributes to understanding the effects of structural modifications on pheromone activity and properties, which is crucial for exploring novel pheromone‐based products for crop protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Organizational authenticity: How craft‐based ventures manage authentic identities and audience appeal
Authors: Dobrev Stanislav D. , Verhaal J. Cameron
Published: February 2024

Research Summary

Commercial success in craft‐based industries requires projecting authentic identities but direct claims of authenticity can backfire and raise suspicions of pecuniary motivation, an antithesis to authenticity. Managing authentic identities is thus central to the success of craft‐based ventures. We argue that organizations can shape their audience's perceptions of authenticity and appeal by tacitly and indirectly conveying a resonant identity meaning with visibility and credibility. Our empirical analysis, set in the US craft beer industry, reveals strong support for the idea that craft ventures can raise authenticity and appeal through managing the content/meaning, visibility, and credibility of their identity claims. We discuss the implications of our theory and findings for the role of organizations in the social construction of authenticity and appeal.

Managerial Summary

Managers of craft ventures in identity‐driven markets face a strategic challenge in managing growth—how to maintain the authentic identity of their firm as its scale of operations expands. In modern‐day craft industries, consumers covet offerings from firms that they deem authentic but overt claims of authenticity by producers are ineffective. Our study of the craft beer market suggests that managers can leverage strategic assets like organizational resources (ownership structure), capabilities (investment in technology and product variety) and position (third‐party endorsements) to effectively communicate their firm's identity meaning with credibility and visibility. This holds significant practical implications for how managers can successfully navigate the growth process and their firms can continue to be viewed as authentic craft producers even as they increasingly benefit from scale.
Step‐By‐Step Standardization of the Bottom‐Up Semi‐Automated Nanocrystallization of Pharmaceuticals: A Quality By Design and Design of Experiments Joint Approach
Authors: Castillo Henríquez Luis , Bahloul Badr , Alhareth Khair , Oyoun Feras , Frejková Markéta , Kostka Libor , Etrych Tomáš , Kalshoven Luc , Guillaume Alain , Mignet Nathalie , Corvis Yohann
Published: February 2024

Nanosized drug crystals have been reported with enhanced apparent solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy compared to microcrystal materials, which are not suitable for parenteral administration. However, nanocrystal design and development by bottom‐up approaches are challenging, especially considering the non‐standardized process parameters in the injection step. This work aims to present a systematic step‐by‐step approach through Quality‐by‐Design (QbD) and Design of Experiments (DoE) for synthesizing drug nanocrystals by a semi‐automated nanoprecipitation method. Curcumin is used as a drug model due to its well‐known poor water solubility (0.6 µg mL−1, 25 °C). Formal and informal risk assessment tools allow identifying the critical factors. A fractional factorial 24−1 screening design evaluates their impact on the average size and polydispersity of nanocrystals. The optimization of significant factors is done by a Central Composite Design. This response surface methodology supports the rational design of the nanocrystals, identifying and exploring the design space. The proposed joint approach leads to a reproducible, robust, and stable nanocrystalline preparation of 316 nm with a PdI of 0.217 in compliance with the quality profile. An orthogonal approach for particle size and polydispersity characterization allows discarding the formation of aggregates. Overall, the synergy between advanced data analysis and semi‐automated standardized nanocrystallization of drugs is highlighted.
Synchronous Regulation Strategy of Pyrrolidinium Thiocyanate Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Cong , Zhang Zuolin , Wang Chen , Geng Taoran , Feng Yinsu , Ding Jike , Ma Quanxing , Gao Wenhuan , Li Mengjia , Chen Jiangzhao , Tang Jian‐xin
Published: February 2024

Developing inventive approaches to control crystallization and suppress trap defects in perovskite films is crucial for achieving efficient perovskite photovoltaics. Here, a synchronous regulation strategy is developed that involves the infusion of a zwitterionic ionic liquid additive, pyrrolidinium thiocyanate (PySCN), into the perovskite precursor to optimize the subsequent crystallization and defects. PySCN modification not only orchestrates the crystallization process but also deftly addresses trap defects in perovskite films. Within this, SCN− compensates for positively charged defects, while Py+ plays the role of passivating negatively charged defects. Based on the vacuum flash evaporation without anti‐solvent, the air‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with PySCN modification can achieve an extraordinary champion efficiency of 22.46% (0.1 cm2) and 21.15% (1.0 cm2) with exceptional stability surpassing 1200 h. Further, the self‐powered photodetector goes above and beyond, showcasing an ultra‐low dark current of 2.13 × 10−10 A·cm−2, a specific detection rate of 6.12 × 1013 Jones, and an expansive linear dynamic range reaching an astonishing 122.49 dB. PySCN modification not only signifies high efficiency but also ushers in a new era for crystallization regulation, promising a transformative impact on the optoelectronic performance of perovskite‐based devices.