bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virulence Gene Pattern of Pasteurella multocida Isolates of Buffalo in Association to Capsule Biosynthesis Genes
Authors: Sujatha N. , Kavitha K. Lakshmi , Subramanyam K.V. , Rao T. Srinivasa , Pushpa R.N. Ramani
Published: November 2020

Background: Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of many economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts. The mechanisms by which these bacteria can invade the mucosa, evade innate immunity and cause systemic disease are slowly being elucidated. Many key virulence factors are yet to be identified, including those required for initial attachment and invasion of host cells and for persistence in a relatively nutrient poor and hostile environment. This has led to intensive research to understand host adaptation mechanisms and virulence factors in order to develop effective vaccines. Methods: The present study was carried out to know the distribution of virulence genes viz., haemoglobin binding proteins (hgbA and hgbB), outer membrane protein (ompH), fimbrial antigen (ptfA), filamentous haemagglutinin (pfhA) and transferrin binding protein (tbpA) by PCR in P. multocida CapA isolates from apparently healthy or carrier animals and CapB isolates from field Haemorrhagic septicemia (HS) cases to monitor the epidemiological associations of virulence genes in Cap A and Cap B isolates.Result: The study revealed that all the six virulence associated genes were present in Cap B isolates. None of the Cap A isolates harboured tbpA and pfhA genes. These two genes were closely related to serotype B causing Haemorrhagic septicemia and were epidemiologically associated with disease status.
Testicular Biometry for Breeding Soundness Evaluation of Sahiwal Males Reared under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Abdullah Muzamil , Mohanty T.K. , Bhakat M. , Kumaresan A. , Singh A. , Mondal S. , Kerketta S.
Published: November 2020

Background: The testicular biometry such as scrotal circumference (SC) and scrotal volume, affect semen quality hence bull fertility and thus testicular biometry can be used for breeding soundness of bulls. Methods: The present study was carried out to study the testicular parameters of 77 Sahiwal males of different ages and to establish its importance for selection of breeding bulls during 2015-2016 at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. The testicular biometry of each male was done at monthly intervals using Vernier calliper, cloth tap and ultrasonography. Result: The semen quality parameters were significantly (P less than 0.05) more in the group having higher scrotal circumference. The scrotal circumference follows the curvilinear manner of growth from 12 months to greater than 72 months (correlation value of 0.92 and R2 0.84). The paired testicular volume (PTV) differed significantly (P less than 0.05) between different age group males. Scrotal circumference and paired testicular volume are directly related to semen quality hence bull fertility. Thus, testicular biometry is an important criterion for breeding soundness for selecting Sahiwal males.
Genetic Variability Analysis of Early Growth Response 2 (EGR2) Gene in Native Goat Breeds of Kerala
Authors: Desai Akshatha G. , Naicy T. , Aravindakshan T.V. , Muhasin V.N.A. , Bindu L. , Akhil G.H.
Published: November 2020

Background: India is fortunate to have a vast livestock resource with the availability of 28 well defined goat breeds. Kerala is the home for two breeds of goats namely Malabari and Attapady Black. Due to high prolificacy and income through lower input goat rearing had attracted numerous farmers. Selection with the aid of molecular markers associated with production traits plays an essential role in goat breeding programmes. The EGR2 gene is a part of multigene family which encodes Cys2His2 type zinc-finger proteins which is responsible for DNA binding. This gene has a major role in cellular prolification, reproduction, proper growth and development ovarian follicles. Thus present study was conducted with an objective to detect single nucleotide variations of Early Growth Response 2 gene in native goat breeds of Kerala.Methods: This research was conducted in 153 Malabari goats and 129 Attappady Black goats from six centers viz., University Goat and Sheep farm Mannuthy and 5 field centers of ICAR- All India Coordinated Research Project on Goat Improvement. Genomic DNA was isolated and PCR was performed to amplify Exon 1, Exon 2 and 5 fragments of Exon 3 regions of Early Growth Response 2 gene. Single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique was performed to detect Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs).Result: The SSCP revealed similar banding patterns and sequencing did not indicate any nucleotide variations in all the exons screened suggesting that EGR2 gene is highly conserved in native goat breeds of Kerala. This is the first study conducted to characterize EGR2 gene in goats making the current study a novel one.
Exploration of Neuropeptide Y Gene Variants and its Association with Growth, First Lactation Reproduction and Production Traits in Sahiwal Cattle
Authors: Pathak Prajwalita , Mukherjee Anupama , Mumtaz Shabahat , Nayak Vivek Kumar , Kumar Suchit , Yadav Alok Kumar
Published: November 2020

Background: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-AA neurotransmitter involved in the control of appetite, feeding and energy homeostasis. The bovine NPY gene is located on chromosome 4 and consists of four exons. Earlier studies have reported that genes involved in feed intake regulation, energy production and energy regulation may affect different growth and production traits in cattle. Information associating NPY SNP to reproduction and production traits in dairy cattle is, however, limited. Hence, the present study was planned to explore SNPs in NPY gene and its possible association with reproduction and first lactation production traits in Sahiwal cattle. Methodology: DNA samples were isolated from blood that has collected from hundred and three Sahiwal cows. Three regions of NPY were amplified using designed primer pairs. The sequencing of the targeted regions was done in 103 Sahiwal cows. Least squares analysis of variance was carried out for unequal and non-orthogonal data using the technique described by Harvey (1990) to study effect of non-genetic factors. Significance of differences based on genotypes effect of growth, reproduction and production traits were tested by general linear models.Result: Sequence data analysis revealed two transversions in NPY gene. For these identified nucleotide variations, positions were A72073973C (intron 3) and C72068620A (intron 3). This is the first report of the presence of NPY gene polymorphism in purebred Bos indicus of Indian origin. For SNP A72073973C, performances of animals with homozygote AA genotype exhibited significantly higher milk production (P≤0.01) and growth performance (P≤0.05) than heterozygote genotype. Heterozygous genotype exhibited superior performance for the SNP C72068620A which was found to be significantly associated (P≤0.05) with 18M wt, WFS, WFC, FCI and FL305DMY.
Phenotypic Characterization of Kachchhi-Sindhi Horses of India
Authors: Pal Yash , Bhardwaj Anuradha , Legha Ram Avtar , Talluri Thirumala Rao , Mehta Sharat Chandra , Tripathi Bhupendra Nath
Published: November 2020

Background: Kachchhi-Sindhi horses are famous for their ‘Rewal chal’ (a unique style of running). These horses dominantly exist in the western-northern border of India adjoining Pakistan. The breeding tract of these horses is Surat, Navsari, Kachchh district of Gujarat and Jaisalmer-Barmer districts of Rajasthan in India. Most familiar colors in the Kachchhi-Sindhi horses are bay and chestnut. Roman nose, ears curved at tips but not touching each other, short back, short pastern length, broader hoof for better grip and docile temperament are major characteristics of these horses.Methods: The present study is an effort to phenotypically characterize Kachchhi-Sindhi horse breed based on their different biometric indices for selection and conservation of stallions and mares for breeding purposes by private breeders. Fourteen biometric indices were recorded for phenotypic characterization of each breed viz., height at wither (HW), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), neck length (NL), face length (FL), face width (FW), pole, ear length (EL), ear width (EW), foreleg length (FLL), canon, pastern, hoof length (HoL) and hoof width (HoW). On average, these horses stand 148 cm height, have a body length of ~140 cm, a heart girth of ~165 cm, an ear length of ~15 cm and a face length of ~61 cm.Result: Horse keepers sustain horses in intensive as well as an extensive system of rearing. It has also been ascertained from various sources that horse number is declining rapidly, however, breed population statistics are not available. There is, therefore, an urgent need to conserve this breed. Proper managemental practices and conservation efforts will pave the way for the multiplication of this valuable equine genetic resource of India.
Status of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cattle of Peri-urban Unorganized Herd of Middle Indo-gangetic Plains
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Kumari Rashmi Rekha , Kumar Abhay , Raman Rohan Kumar , Chandran P.C. , Kumar Manish
Published: November 2020

Background: Mastitis is the most common and economically important disease of dairy cattle. Subclinical mastitis is a more important form in India than clinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) detection done by periodic examination of the udder health by evaluation of milk at the herd level or the individual cow level by milk somatic cell count (SCC), followed by culture of random milk samples. The presented study was undertaken by survey and sampling of milk from lactating crossbred cattle of unorganized dairy farms and farmer’s dairy of the peri-urban region of middle Indo-Gangetic Plains. The objective of the study was to monitor the status of SCM in crossbred cattle and associated changes in milk constitutes and oxidative stress in milk. Methods: A total of 147 lactating crossbred cattle were screened for SCM using the modified California Mastitis Test (CMT) using detergent based CMT reagent and compared with conventional CMT reagent, followed by SCC, milk constituents, bacterial isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing (ABST). General information was collected in pre-tested questionnaire. The data obtained were statistically treated to evaluate significance of the study.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in peri-urban cross-bred cattle was 36.74% which varied with parity and stage of milking. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis was highest (55.77%) in cross-bred cattle in mid-lactation and Parity 3-5. The mean SCC was significantly higher (7.21±0.27) in subclinical mastitis compared to CMT negative (3.66±0.06) milk sample. Somatic cell count was positively and significantly correlated with CMT reactions using conventional CMT reagent (rs= 0.86) as well as modified CMT reagent (rs=0.815) attempted using Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. The mean values of milk pH, fat and lactic acid acidity increased significantly (P£0.01) in SCM compared to the milk of healthy cattle, except lactose which decreased significantly in SCM milk. The common contagious bacteria responsible for SCM isolate were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. (64.82%) isolates from these SCM milk followed by Streptococcus spp. ABST test conducted on random CMT positive milk sample indicated that gentamicin as most sensitive, followed by enrofloxacin. The present finding indicates the suitability of enrofloxacin as the most useful antibiotic for the treatment of subclinical mastitis in cross-bred cattle of the peri-urban area of middle Indo-Gangetic plains.
Quality Characteristics of Breast and Thigh Chicken Meat from Free- Range System: Comparative Antioxidant Profile of Indigenous and Improved Germplasm
Authors: Sehrawat Renuka , Sharma Rekha , Ahlawat Sonika , Sharma Vivek , Thakur M.S. , Kaur Manjeet , Mishra A.K. , Tantia M.S.
Published: November 2020

Background: New chicken breeds are being evolved for backyard rural poultry production to overcome the slow growth, late sexual maturity and poor production of indigenous breeds. However, autochthonous poultry is epitomized for quality attributes of their products. With this in mind, the present study for the first time explored the antioxidant capacity of meat obtained from a unique Indian chicken, Kadaknath and a synthetic breed of poultry, Jabalpur colour (JBC). Methods: During the period 2018-2020, breast and thigh meat were collected from chickens (n=20/ group) at their commercial slaughter age (20 weeks). Meat extract was used for qualitative evaluation. Antioxidant activity was explored using five well established in vitro methods testing for different antioxidant mechanisms. Result: Both, Kadaknath and JBC meat was proteinaceous with higher protein concentration (g/100 g of wet weight) in the breast (Kadaknath, 25.21±0.31 and JBC, 25.65±0.39) than the thigh (Kadaknath, 19.98±0.29 and JBC, 19.04±0.23). Both the groups exhibited antioxidant capacity in all the assays. They showed good radical scavenging for ABTS and DPPH free radicals. Superiority of Kadaknath meat was ascertained unequivocally by the three assays viz. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid oxidation inhibition (TBARS) and metal chelating capacity. FRAP values (mM Fe2+/g of tissue) were 26.97±0.37 and 33.85±0.47 (Kadaknath) and 22.84±0.25 and 26.82±0.36 (JBC) for breast and thigh, respectively. Similarly, Kadaknath meat was more potent (% inhibition) iron chelator (breast, 62.71±0.99 and thigh, 75.07±0.98) in comparison to the JBC (breast, 46.30±2.36 and thigh, 63.12±1.87). Breast meat had better scavenging capacity than the thigh except in FRAP and metal chelating assays. Results provide insight into the antioxidant potential of backyard poultry germplasm thus, laying foundation for developing marketing strategies targeting consumers interested in nutritional quality, animal welfare and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, baseline data has been generated for studying medicinal properties attributed to the black chicken meat of Kadaknath.
Enriched Charred Rice Husk to Improve the Nutrient Management in Rainfed Groundnut
Authors: Balasubramanian P. , Chinnamuthu C. R.
Published: November 2020

Background: The uncertainty of groundnut productivity in the rainfed areas could be minimized by in situ conserving the soil moisture received through precipitation during the cropping period and improving the nutrient status.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu during 2014-2015 rabi season to find out the effect of charred rice husk and other organic materials enriched with or without fertilizer nutrient on the moisture retention and nutrient supply during the deficit period of crop growth. The treatment consists of charred rice husk, biochar, lignite and farm yard manure alone and enriched with the recommended dose of nitrogen (10 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (10 kg ha-1) fertilizer and compared with the absolute control and recommended dose of fertilizer (10:10:45 kg NPK ha-1).
Result: The structural morphology of organic materials was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the particles of charred rice husk were uneven and the diameter varied from 3-4 ìm with clod and block appearance, the particles of biochar were irregular in shape, uneven sized and diameter varied from 2-3 ìm with block appearance and the lignite particles found spherical and aggregated. The chemical composition of organic manure with nutrient examined under SEM-EDAX revealed that the charred rice husk contains 64.31% carbon, 28.42% oxygen and 5.96% silica. Results of the study revealed that, application of enriched FYM at 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher pod yield (2190 kg ha-1). The enriched biochar and charred rice husk produced comparable pod yield of 2010 kg ha-1 and 1983 kg ha-1, respectively.
A Protocol for Rapid Clonal Propagation and Microrhizome Production of Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae): A Critically Endangerd Medicinal Plant of North East India
Authors: Sarma Indrani , Deka A. C. , Sarma T. C.
Published: November 2020

Background: Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) is a rare, critically endangered medicinal plant of Northeast India. The rhizome of the plant is famous for its significant medicinal properties.
Methods: Various concentrations of plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were tried in the study using rhizome bud as explant for development of an efficient cost effective protocol for in vitro mass multiplication and microrhizome induction of Curcuma caesia.
Result: Shoot multiplication and plant generation was achieved from freshly sprouted shoots of Curcuma caesia on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with different phytohormones. The best response for shoot multiplication (23.80±0.51shoots/explant) was obtained within 8 weeks in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mgl-1) and 2,4-D (0.25 mgl-1). Microrhizomes were induced at the base of the in vitro derived shoots upon transferred to medium containing various combinations and concentrations of sucrose and BAP and grown under varying photoperiod. Half strength of MS basal medium containing BAP (1.0 mg/l) and 9% sucrose was found to be optimum for induction of large sized microrhizome within 45 days of incubation under 16 hrs of photoperiod.
Synthetic Insecticides and Bio-pesticide Affect Natural Enemies of Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt) in Mustard
Authors: Dwivedi S. A. , Singh R. S.
Published: November 2020

Background: The prime intention of this research work was to assess the effect of synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticide against natural enemies of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), mainly ladybird beetle Coccinella septumpunctata (Linnaeus) and syrphid fly, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) in mustard was evaluated.
Methods: The field experiment was conducted at Student Research Farm, Department of Entomology, CSAUA and T Kanpur during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15. Experiment conducted in Randomized block design with three replication and eight treatments. Imidacloprid, deltamethrin, spinosad, fipronil, thiamethoxam, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were tested against natural enemies and available population of natural enemies of aphid were recorded before 1 day and after 3, 5, 7 and 14 days of spray application. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were the most effective with less toxicity against Ladybird beetle and syrphid fly by continuously increasing population after application. Though all the tested chemical insecticides were found toxic to the lady bird beetle and syrphid fly larvae, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were found relatively safer to other insecticides by recording less mortality after 14 days of spraying during two years testing period.
Result: M. anisopliae, B. bassiana, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam may be used for the management of insect pests because of their less toxicity to beneficial insects.
Management of Dry Root Rot in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Caused By Macrophomina phaseolina by Utilizing Host Plant Resistance, Fungicides and Bioagents
Authors: Manjunatha H. , Saifulla M.
Published: November 2020

Background: For the management of soil borne disease like dry root rot of chickpea caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, by using fungicides alone is not feasible due to environmental and health hazards. Hence integrated management of the disease by using resistant varieties, fungicides and bio-control agents is the best alternative. So the present study was aimed to identify resistant varieties, best fungicide and bioagent for management of dry root rot in chickpea.
Methods: Two hundred and twelve genotypes were screened using blotter paper technique for identifying resistant genotypes for dry root rot. The experiment on management of dry root rot was conducted during Kharif and Rabi of 2013-14 using a susceptible chickpea variety JG-11 with 14 treatments including control with 3 replications.
Result: Of two hundred and twelve chickpea genotypes screened for host plant resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina by blotter paper technique only one genotype ie. PBG-5 showed moderately resistant reaction. Among fourteen treatments including fungicides and bioagents imposed for the management of dry root rot, seed treatment with tebuconazole @ 2 g/kg recorded lowest per cent disease incidence of 9.43, with a highest yield of 722.81 kg/ha compared to untreated control which recorded the highest per cent disease incidence (40.10) with a lowest mean yield of 362.02 kg/ha.
Role of Potassium on Growth, Nitrogen Fixation and Biochemical Traits in [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under Water Stress
Authors: Kataria Nisha , Singh Narender
Published: November 2020

Background: Water stress is a global issue to ensure survival of agricultural crops. Mungbean has a great nutritional value, short-duration and has an advantage that it can grow in wide range of soils and environments. For the present study, two varieties of mungbean were selected and raised in earthen pots.
Methods: Water stress was imposed at 50% flowering (35-40 days after sowing) and plants were sampled at this stage. The control plants maintained at soil moisture content (SMC) of 12.0 ± 0.5% and in stressed plants, water stress was created by withholding irrigation till SMC decreased to 4.5±0.5%. In legumes, damaging effects of drought can be reduced by potassium supply. Potassium was supplied to the soil at concentration 0.00, 1.54 mM, 2.31 mM, 3.08 mM.
Result: This article includes water stress-induced harmful effects on mungbean growth and development, nitrogen fixation and biochemical traits and suggests that different concentrations of potassium fertilizer help to reduce the negative effect of water stress.
Biochemical Factors Associated with Resistance to Spotted Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) in Green Gram
Authors: Singh Sameer Kumar , Singh P. S.
Published: November 2020

Background: Legume pod borer or spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata is one of the serious insect pest to the green gram, which causes damage mainly at the reproductive phase of the crop growth. The larvae of spotted pod borer are known to cause damage by webbing the leaves, bud, flower and pods together and feed from inside on them. Due to its webbing nature, it is very difficult to enter inside by natural enemies and chemicals cannot directly reach inside webbing. Host plant resistance to insect pests is an economically and ecologically preferred alternative as compared to other pest management tactics, particularly the synthetic pesticides. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the role of certain bio-chemical constituents of the immature pods of green gram in the expression of damage by the spotted pod borer.
Methods: The experiments on screening were conducted during the kharif 2014 and 2015 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.) to define the occurrence of M. vitrata on 20 promising varieties/genotypes of green gram. Pods were collected at the immature stage from different varieties/genotypes and biochemical constituents such as total soluble sugar, total chlorophyll, protein were estimated.
Result: The maximum protein content was found in genotype IPM 306-6 (36.17 mg/g) and minimum in genotype PM-5 (20.53 mg/g). Highest total sugar content was reported from genotype ML 1256 (16.71 mg/g) and lowest total sugar content was recorded in PM-5 (10.94 mg/g).The phenol content in genotype PM-5 (9.00 mg/g) was significantly higher than others whereas, the minimum phenol content was reported in IPM 306-6 (5.14 mg/g). The higher amount of total chlorophyll content found in genotype IPM 306-6 (3.22 mg/g) and lowest in PM-5 (1.85 mg/g). The significant and positive correlation was observed between M. vitrata larval population, pod damage and protein (r=0.954** and r=0.952**, respectively) and total sugar content (r=0.986** and r=0.986**, respectively) and total chlorophyll content (r=0.994** and r=0.993**, respectively) in immature pods, while, the significant and negative correlation was found between phenol (r= -0.916** and r= -0.919**, respectively).
Engineering Chickpea Variety HC-1 with OsRuvB Gene for Salt Stress Tolerance
Authors: . Preeti , Kharb Pushpa
Published: November 2020

Background: Salinity is a major problem worldwide and is increasing day by day. Salt stress causes severe yield losses in crop plants and the damages in chickpea are up to 100%. To overcome these losses, the present study was undertaken to develop transgenic chickpea plants (var. HC-1) carrying OsRuvB gene for salt stress tolerance.
Methods: Transgenic chickpea plants harboring OsRuvB gene were developed using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. T0 putative transgenic chickpea plants were screened for the presence of OsRuvB gene through PCR using gene specific primers. The stable integration and copy number of transgene in transgenic chickpea plants were confirmed through Southern hybridization and qRT-PCR. T1 generation transgenic chickpea plants were screened for the presence of OsRuvB gene using direct PCR (Phire Direct PCR kit).
Result: PCR-based screening of putative transformants using gene-specific primers showed a transformation frequency of 17%. Southern blot and real-time PCR analysis revealed stable and single-copy insertion. In T1 generation a total of 74 plants (out of 170) showed the presence of OsRuvB gene. The engineered lines developed in the present investigation can be further undertaken to develop transgenic chickpea plants for salt stress tolerance.
Energetics, Productivity and Profitability of Soybean (Glycine max)-Based Intercropping Systems under Different Planting Patterns
Authors: Kaur Jagmohan , Singh Thakar , Saini K. S.
Published: November 2020

Background: Intercropping is an effective tool to enhance productivity, biodiversity and stability of the fragile agro-ecosystem. In the era of shrinking resources, intercropping based on pulse crops like soybean can play an important role in crop diversification as well as agricultural sustainability. But, the information on soybean based intercropping systems is limited and needs to be explored for north-west India.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the effect of different soybean based intercropping systems under different planting patterns on productivity, profitability and energetics. Soybean crop was planted as sole as well as in intercropping systems viz., soybean (45 cm) + mung bean (1:1), soybean (45 cm) + cowpea fodder (1:1), soybean (45 cm) + groundnut (1:1), soybean (45 cm) + maize fodder (1:1) , soybean (60 cm) + mash (1:1), soybean (60 cm) + mung bean (1:2), soybean (60 cm) + cowpea fodder (1:2), soybean (60 cm) + groundnut (1:2), soybean (60 cm) + maize fodder (1:2) and soybean (60 cm) + maize (grain) (1:1).
Result: The pooled results over two years elucidated that soybean equivalent yield was affected significantly by different intercropping systems. Soybean (45 cm) + groundnut (1:1) produced the highest soybean equivalent yield and it was significantly better than all other systems except soybean (60 cm) + groundnut in 1:2 row ratio. Similar trend was followed by production efficiency. Both, soybean (45 cm) + groundnut (1:1) and soybean (60cm) + groundnut (1:2) systems produced significantly higher energy productivity as compared to sole soybean. The highest gross (Rs. 98185 /ha) and net returns (Rs. 56122/ha) were obtained in soybean (45 cm) + groundnut (1:1) intercropping system whereas the highest benefit cost ratio was obtained in soybean (60 cm) + maize fodder (1:2) system.
Weed Management in Pulses: A Review
Authors: Raj Sheeja K. , Sinchana J. K.
Published: November 2020

Pulses are the important crop after cereals and is the cheapest source of dietary protein. After the Green revolution, the production of pulses in India remain stagnant over the years due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the various biotic stresses, weeds are the major one which causes severe yield loss in pulses. Due to initial slow growth of pulses, weeds emerge first and gain competitive advantage over the crop and exhibit smothering effect on crop. Moreover, major area of pulses (84 per cent) are under rainfed condition and grown in combination with non-legume crop. As a result, pulses are subjected to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Weeds besides causing direct loss in yield also hinder farm activities and serve as alternate host to many pests. Weed management in pulses is essential to bring the weeds below the threshold level to maximize the seed yield and quality. The literature regarding the importance of weed management in pulses, weed flora, critical period of crop weed competition and different weed management methods of weed control are collected and presented in this paper.Weeds are the predominant biological constraint in pulse production due to the slow initial growth of the crop. Strategies’ of weed management depends on the weed competition, types of weeds present and weed control method adopted. In general, critical period of weed competition for short duration pulses is up to 30 days and for long duration pulse crops it is up to 60 days. The major three types of weeds viz., grasses, broad leaved weeds and sedges were found in association with pulses. Intensity of weed infestation varies with agroecological conditions and crop management practices followed. A system approach is necessary to maintain the weed population below the economic threshold level thereby reducing the yield loss. Integrated weed management (IWM) which has been proved to be more effective than any single method in alleviating the buildup of weeds in pulse crop.
Determination of Effective Method of NPK Fertilization in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivars Grown in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Sarfraz Muniza , Nawaz Khalid , Yasin Ghulam , Geng Zhide , Sajjad Muhammad , Parveen Sana
Published: November 2020

Background: Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) are amongst the fundamental macronutrients, which are crucial for the growth and development plants. There is lack of information for the most effective method for NPK fertilization in pea cultivars grown in Pakistan. In most of the cases, NPK is applied as soil application rather than foliar spray.
Methods: Experiments were conducted to find out the most effective method of NPK fertilization i.e. soil application or foliar spray on three pea cultivars (Aleena, Climax and Meteor). Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates and data was recorded at different growth stages.
Result: Soil and foliar spray of NPK showed significant results for the enhancement of root and shoot development, foliage growth, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrate contents and soluble proteins. Antioxidant activities i.e. catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and yield attributes increased significantly with NPK applications. NPK foliar application showed better result only for the higher relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). It was noted that NPK soil applications were more effective for the improvement of growth, quality and yield of pea as compared to foliar spray. Climax and Aleena cultivars were better in relation to growth, quality and yield than Meteor with soil NPK application. Changes in antioxidant activities by NPK significantly increased the defense mechanism in plants resulted improved in plant metabolism that increased the growth, yield and quality of pea. It was concluded that soil application of NPK was more effective for higher productivity of pea than foliar use.
Eficacia comparativa de diferentes regímenes quimioterapéuticos en el tratamiento de la Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) en cabras enanas de África occidental
Authors: Chukwuebuka Ugochukwu Iniobong , Chukwuemeka Animoke Paul , Ngozi Omeke Jacinta , Obiora Okechukwu Chukwuma , Ugochukwu Emmanuel Ikenna
Published: November 2020

The comparative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimes in the treatment of natural clinical infection of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infection in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were determined. Twenty WAD male goats divided into five groups, of four each were used. Group 1 was the combined therapy group treated with Acyclovir, Oxytetracycline and Ivermectin, Group 2 was treated with Acyclovir only, Group 3 was treated with Ivermectin only, Group 4 was treated with Oxytetracycline only and Group 5 was left untreated. Clinical signs such as nasal and ocular discharges, emaciation, anorexia, pyrexia, ulcerative oral lesions, respiratory distress and diarrhoea were observed in these goats during the period of their acclimatization. The prominent post-mortem lesion observed was discontinuous streaks of congestion (Zebra markings) in the mucosa of the colon and rectum. The physiologic parameters (temperature, pulse rate, heart rate, and respiratory rate) were taken daily. It was observed that there was a significant increase in the temperature above normal in the untreated group, suggesting pyrexia. It was also observed that the combined therapy group showed a smaller number of mortality and thus, had a better efficacy when compared to the other chemotherapeutic agents used singly
Onuncu Yılında Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Kente Entegrasyonu ve Gelecek Beklentileri: Batman Örneği
Authors: BİMAY Muzaffer
Published: November 2020

This study discusses the integration process and expectations for the future of asylum seekers, who started in many Arab countries in the last month of 2010 and escaped from the internal conflicts that continued in Syria in April 2011, in the example of the urban of Batman. Based on this, the stage of the relations of asylum-seekers with the social and public environment in the urban environment in the last decade and the realization levels of the housing, language, education, employment and citizenship processes, which are important indicators of integration within the scope of the legislation created within the scope of temporary protection, have been revealed by the analysis of the findings. In addition, with this study, the expectations of the asylum seekers regarding the Syrian War and therefore their attitude towards their own future were taken into consideration. Their expectations about the Syrian War and therefore their attitude towards their future were also taken into account. In this context, the mixed research method based on qualitative and quantitative data was adopted, and after the theoretical background that included the conceptual framework of migration and migration, the findings of the field study conducted on Syrian asylum seekers living in Batman, which constitutes the target universe of the research, were analyzed. In this framework, 134 sample groups over the age of 18 were selected among the asylum seekers and face-to-face surveys were conducted. The surveys were conducted in May and June 2020 as an applied field study. It was revealed that the Syrian asylum seekers participating in the research did not meet the expectations contrary to what is believed, and they were worried about looking to the future with hope due to the prolongation of the war and the increase in economic problems. Therefore, it has been understood that there is a need for a very comprehensive new integration policy and regulations that include socio-economic and cultural interaction for asylum seekers. While the issue of asylum seekers and refugees is expected to occupy the agenda with increasing migration, it is aimed that these and similar studies will serve as a guide for researchers and administrators.
Cumhuriyet’e Mekân Yaratmak: İstanbul-Ankara İkiliğinin ‘Kiralık Konak’ ve ‘Ankara’ Romanlarına Yansıması
Authors: ÖZÇALIK DUMANLIOĞULLARI Sevil
Published: November 2020

Bu makale, Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında Ankara’yı modern bir başkent olarak kurgulama çabasında onu İstanbul’a karşı ‘yeni’, ‘modern’, ‘homojen’ ve ‘sadık’ olarak konumlandırma girişiminin izlerini, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun iki önemli romanında sürmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu iki roman 1922 yılında yayınlanan ‘Kiralık Konak’ ve 1934 yılında yayınlanan ‘Ankara’ romanlarıdır. Romanlardan ilki Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun dağılması ile ‘Kiralık Konak’ta resmedilen kozmopolit İstanbul’un bir başkent olarak ahlaki çöküşü ve ikincisi Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin yükselişi ile Ankara’nın modern, milli bir başkent olarak yükselişini ele almaktadır. İki roman birlikte ele alındığında bu iki şehrin romanlardaki dönüşümü aynı zamanda bir egemen zihniyet dönüşümüne de tekabül etmektedir. Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşu ile egemen hale gelen zihniyet kendine imparatorluk mirasından azade bir mekân yaratmalıydı, bir Cumhuriyet seçkini olarak Karaosmanoğlu bu iki roman ile bu mekân üretimine hizmet etmiştir. Bu makale, Ankara’nın İstanbul ile karşıtlık oluşturarak Cumhuriyet ideolojisi açısından önemli bir simgesel mekâna dönüşümünün izlerini bu iki romanda aramaktadır.
New-onset Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection
Authors: Kanjwal Khalil , Jamal Sameer , Kichloo Asim , Grubb Blair
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We report a case of new-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in an otherwise healthy female patient following COVID-19 infection. The patient presented with fatigue, orthostatic palpitations, dizziness, and presyncope. She underwent head-up tilt-table testing and the findings were suggestive of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
The fate of borrowings in Russian language (to the history of the word partisan)
Authors: Volotov Dmitry A.
Published: November 2020

We analyze the semantics and usage of French borrowing of military partisan themes from the moment it entered Russian at the turn of the XVII–XVIII centuries to the present time. We give an etymological and historical analysis of the word, and consider the evolution of its semantics in Russian language due to the functional diversity of its use both in the donor language and in the recipient language. The study of lexeme history in cultural and historical terms helps to trace the development of the form and meaning of the word partisans and its derivatives, the peculiarities of its functioning as a representative of battle vocabulary sphere in Russian language. We conclude that the sememe is completely borrowed from the French language into the Russian lite-rary language in terms of its form (phonetics, grammar, peculiarities of word usage) and meaning. We indicate and analyze in detail the sources of word study in the synchronous-diachronic aspect, lexicographic, documentary-historical, and artistic-textual sources both on the material of the modern Russian literary language and in the previous periods of its development, and we identify the transformation of its semantic structure. We pay attention to the disclosure of the extensional value of the word in the text of Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, which is the most valu-able source for studying the lexical and semantic system of Russian language of the pre-Pushkin era. A number of examples from different spheres of the modern usus of Russian language show changes in the functional and stylistic coloration of the word and the acquisition of enantiosemici-ty features and other additional shades by the word. We conclude that the word partisan is adapted as an element of the battle term system of Russian language and that its use in modern conditions of conducting combat operations is inevitably fading away, turning it into historicism.
Concepts of BOREDOM, ANGUISH, SADNESS and SORROW in the language consciousness of modern youth
Authors: Yao Rong
Published: November 2020

The work is devoted to the study of semantic content of negative emotional concepts of Boredom, Anguish, Sadness and Sorrow in the language consciousness of modern Russian youth. The theoretical basis is the doctrine of V.V. Kolesov (conceptology), the provisions of which de-termine the algorithm of the study. The research material is a survey of native speakers of the Russian language, based on the analysis of which adjectives and predicates are identified and classified, and the figurative concept and semantic constants of these concepts are obtained. Comparative analysis of the concept of the considered concepts in the modern Russian consciousness and their interpretation in the Dictionary of Russian mentality is also provided. The interpretations of the concepts under study in the Dictionary of Russian mentality and in the minds of native speakers differ in that the dictionary definitions reflect the conceptual content of the word, and the representation of these concepts in the minds of ordinary people has a more emotional and evaluative expressive color and is associated with the associative field.
Historical facts of literature and personality in research – about the compilation of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century”
Authors: Zhang Jie , Lin Wenxin
Published: November 2020

Russian literature is an important part of world literature and is studied all over the world. In comparison with the history of literature, the history of literary criticism is more an interaction between the objectivity of literary facts and the personality of the compiler of this history. This work presents a description of the personality in research using the example of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century” written by Chinese scientist Zhang Jie, the main task of which is to provide a theoretical basis and methods of criticism for analyzing the mechanism of reproducing the meanings of literary texts and images. We analyze the functions of literary criticism and explain the interaction and harmony of objective historical facts of literature and the compiler’s personality in the study. We define three currents of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the 20th century: religious and cultural criticism, real literary criticism, and aesthetic criticism. We prove that history reflects not only the objectivity of factors, but also its compiler’s personality, which is an indicator. We explain the need to coordinate the objectivity of historical facts and the subjectivity of the compiler, and we present a value-based reflection of a scientific linguistic personality in the Chinese ethnoculture.
KONSTRUKSI WACANA CITRA KEPEMIMPINAN JOKO WIDODO DALAM PENANGANAN COVID-19 PADA INFOGRAFIS CNBC INDONESIA
Authors: SUPRAYITNO DEDE
Published: November 2020

AbstraK

Sosok kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo kian diuji selama menangani pandemi corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Jelas saja, virus corona telah menyebabkan krisis multidimensi. Bukan hanya menghantam sektor kesehatan, krisis ini juga menekan ekonomi dan sosial. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kepemimpinan yang kuat untuk memobilisasi kekuatan bertahan di masa sulit. Langkah yang dilakukan Presiden Joko Widodo menentukan nasib 270 juta penduduk Indonesia. Tak heran bila setiap langkah yang diambil terekam baik di media cetak maupun elektronik. Salah satunya, konstruksi citra presiden yang terekam melalui informasi grafis (infografis). Melalui platfrom infografis, data menjadi lebih mudah dicerna. Dengan perpaduan teks tertulis maupun gambar, informasi menjadi lebih menarik. Infografis juga mampu memberikan makna melalui serangkaian tanda yang dibentuk dalam desain. Penelitian ini bertujuan, menggali konstruksi citra kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo menangani pandemi Covid-19, yang terbingkai dalam infografis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode penelitian analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough bersifat deskriptif. Yakni dengan mengambil contoh kasus praktik produksi infografis di media CNBC Indonesia. Data infografis diambil pada periode Maret hingga Juni 2020. Hasil penelitian ini mendeksripsikan bentuk konstruksi wacana citra Presiden Joko Widodo dalam teks infografis CNBC Indonesia. Presiden digambarkan sebagai sosok yang tanggap dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19.

Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Joko Widodo, Covid-19, Infografis, CNBC Indonesia
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU MATA PELAJARAN UJIAN NASIONAL DALAM MENYUSUN DAN MELAKSANAKAN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) MELALUI ON THE JOB TRAINING DI SMP NEGERI 2 BUMIAYU BREBES SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013/2014
Authors: Lestari Susi
Published: November 2020

Berdasarkan pengamatan awal yang dilakukan, kemampuan guru SMP Negeri 2 Bumiayukhususnya guru mata pelajaran ujian nasional dalam menyusun RPP kurang baik. Sehinggakondisi demikian perlu diperbaiki. Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri2 Bumiayu, Kabupaten Brebes. Subjek penelitian dalam PTS ini adalah guru Mapel UN SMPNegeri 2 Bumiayu sebanyak 17 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini diperolehmelalui observasi dan hasil penilaian RPP menggunakan instrumen supervisi bidang RPP. Hasilpelaksanaan penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) adalah: kegiatan pelatihan dalam bentuk on the jobtraining mampu meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun RPP. Dilihat dari proses,pelaksanaan kegiatan on the job training mampu meningkatkan keaktifan guru dalam menyusunRPP. Hal itu ditunjukkan dengan hasil observasi aktivitas pada siklus I diikuti dengan baik oleh53% guru, kemudian menjadi 76,47% pada siklus II dan menjadi 100% pada siklus III. Haltersebut dilihat dari aspek keseriusan mengikuti kegiatan dan mengerjakan tugas-tugas yangdiberikan, kesediaan bekerjasama dan keaktifan. Dilihat dari hasil, terlihat adanya peningkatankemampuan menyusun RPP. Kemampuan menyusun RPP mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata sebesar 26,88% pra siklus, menjadi 30,24% pada siklus I, meningkat menjadi 33,29% padasiklus II dan meningkat menjadi 37,35% pada siklus III. Secara individu pada siklus I baru dengankategori baik dibandingkan dengan siklus I dengan rata-rata 30,24% dengan kategori kurang baik.Secara individu tercatat 41,18% yang mampu mencapai nilai baik pada siklus I, 94,12% mampumemperoleh hasil nilai baik pada siklus II dan 100% guru mampu memperoleh hasil nilai baikpada siklus III.
PERKEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF MURID MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN BERVARIASI DI TK (TAMAN KANAK-KANAK) PERTIWI KARANGWANGKAL
Authors: Kusumaningsih Maharrani Dwi
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang metode pembelajaran yang digunakan diTaman Kanak-Kanak (TK) Pertiwi Karangwangkal, Purwokerto Utara. Berdasarkan deskripsitersebut diperoleh adanya pengaruh metode pembelajaran yang digunakan terhadap keberhasilanperkembangan kemampuan kognitif murid di TK tersebut. Subjek penelitian adalah guru danmurid di TK Pertiwi Karangwangkal. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dandokumentasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk mengetahuiperkembangan kemampuan kognitif adalah bercerita, bernyanyi, bermain, berdiskusi, outingclass. Dari beberapa metode pembelajaran yang digunakan tersebut, yang paling seringdigunakan oleh pengajar atau guru di TK Pertiwi Karangwangkal sebagai upaya untukmengetahui keberhasilan perkembangan kognitif muridnya adalah metode bercerita danbernyanyi. Metode tersebut ternyata memiliki pengaruh terhadap proses perkembangankemampuan kognitif muridnya, dari yang belum memahami materi pembelajaran menjadi lebihmudah memahami materinya. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan metodepembelajaran tersebut meliputi kurangnya konsentrasi pada beberapa murid pada saat prosespembelajaran.