bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel metabolic pathway engineering for aerobic 1,2‐propanediol production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nonaka Daisuke , Hirata Yuuki , Kishida Mayumi , Mori Ayana , Fujiwara Ryosuke , Kondo Akihiko , Mori Yutaro , Noda Shuhei , Tanaka Tsutomu
Published: August 2024

The demand for the essential commodity chemical 1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PDO) is on the rise, as its microbial production has emerged as a promising method for a sustainable chemical supply. However, the reliance of 1,2‐PDO production in Escherichia coli on anaerobic conditions, as enhancing cell growth to augment precursor availability remains a substantial challenge. This study presents glucose‐based aerobic production of 1,2‐PDO, with xylose utilization facilitating cell growth. An engineered strain was constructed capable of exclusively producing 1,2‐PDO from glucose while utilizing xylose to support cell growth. This was accomplished by deleting the gloA, eno, eda, sdaA, sdaB, and tdcG genes for 1,2‐PDO production from glucose and introducing the Weimberg pathway for cell growth using xylose. Enhanced 1,2‐PDO production was achieved via yagF overexpression and disruption of the ghrA gene involved in the 1,2‐PDO‐competing pathway. The resultant strain, PD72, produced 2.48 ± 0.15 g L−1 1,2‐PDO with a 0.27 ± 0.02 g g−1‐glucose yield after 72 h cultivation. Overall, this study demonstrates aerobic 1,2‐PDO synthesis through the isolation of the 1,2‐PDO synthetic pathway from the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Aggregated Pattern Classification Method for improving neural disorder stage detection
Authors: Anjum Mohd , Shahab Sana , Ahmad Shabir , Dhahbi Sami , Whangbo Taegkeun
Published: August 2024

Background

Neurological disorders pose a significant health challenge, and their early detection is critical for effective treatment planning and prognosis. Traditional classification of neural disorders based on causes, symptoms, developmental stage, severity, and nervous system effects has limitations. Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for pattern recognition provides a potent solution to address these challenges. Therefore, this study focuses on proposing an innovative approach—the Aggregated Pattern Classification Method (APCM)—for precise identification of neural disorder stages.

Method

The APCM was introduced to address prevalent issues in neural disorder detection, such as overfitting, robustness, and interoperability. This method utilizes aggregative patterns and classification learning functions to mitigate these challenges and enhance overall recognition accuracy, even in imbalanced data. The analysis involves neural images using observations from healthy individuals as a reference. Action response patterns from diverse inputs are mapped to identify similar features, establishing the disorder ratio. The stages are correlated based on available responses and associated neural data, with a preference for classification learning. This classification necessitates image and labeled data to prevent additional flaws in pattern recognition. Recognition and classification occur through multiple iterations, incorporating similar and diverse neural features. The learning process is finely tuned for minute classifications using labeled and unlabeled input data.

Results

The proposed APCM demonstrates notable achievements, with high pattern recognition (15.03%) and controlled classification errors (CEs) (10.61% less). The method effectively addresses overfitting, robustness, and interoperability issues, showcasing its potential as a powerful tool for detecting neural disorders at different stages. The ability to handle imbalanced data contributes to the overall success of the algorithm.

Conclusion

The APCM emerges as a promising and effective approach for identifying precise neural disorder stages. By leveraging AI and ML, the method successfully resolves key challenges in pattern recognition. The high pattern recognition and reduced CEs underscore the method's potential for clinical applications. However, it is essential to acknowledge the reliance on high‐quality neural image data, which may limit the generalizability of the approach. The proposed method allows future research to refine further and enhance its interpretability, providing valuable insights into neural disorder progression and underlying biological mechanisms.
Exploring the Effect of Active Components in Oil Tree Peony Seed Meal on Swine Disease Resistance and its Potential Mechanisms Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Yang Xu , Xue Xian , He Yinglong , Song Peng , Guo Lili , Hou Xiaogai
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore the feasibility of using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to predict the effects of active components from oil tree peony seed meal (PSM) on swine diseases. Ten active components of PSM were screened Screening through literature search and network pharmacology standards, including Betulinic acid, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Isorhamnetin, Hydroxygenkwanin, Hederagenin, Benzoyl Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin, Paeoniflorin. Ten types of swine diseases were selected, including African Swine Fever, Aftosa, Swine Vesicular Disease, Transmissible Gastroenteritis, Swine Streptococcal Infection, Blue Aural Disease, Swine Infectious Atrophic Rhinitis, Swine Influenza, Swine Erysipelas, Swine Epidemic Encephalitis. The results showed that the average number of cross genes between the potential target genes of PSM active components and each swine disease target gene accounted for 7.64 % of the total number of swine disease target genes. The GO enrichment analyses showed that putative targets exist in endosomes, lysosomes, cell membranes, nerves, growth factor activity, receptor tyrosine kinase binding, enzyme binding, growth factor binding, transcription coactivator binding, oxidoreductase activity, prostaglandin E receptor activity and insulin receptor substrate binding. The KEGG enrichment analysis results showed that these putative genes were involved in various cancer progression pathways, signaling pathways, and hormone regulatory pathways. A total of 8 core targets were obtained through protein‐protein interaction networks analysis, including Protein Kinase CAMP‐Activated Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PRKACA), Non‐Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (SRC), Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAPK1), E1A Binding Protein P300 (EP300), Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha (HIF1A), Phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐Bisphosphate 3‐Kinase Catalytic Subunit Beta (PIK3CB), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and Estrogen Receptor 2 (ESR2). The HIF‐1 signaling pathway was found to be associated with all 10 selected swine diseases. The PD‐L1 expression, and PD‐1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, and thyroid hormone signaling pathway were not only enriches the core target with a quantity of 7, but also associated with 9 Swine diseases. In addition, the molecular docking results indicate that the core ingredients have strong affinity with hub genes. The research suggests that the active components of PSM may intervene in swine diseases through multiple components, targets, and pathways.
Novel Aminocoumarin‐Based Schiff Bases: High Antifungal Activity in Agriculture
Authors: Zhang Xin , Gao Ming , Dong Yajie , Pan Le , Zhai Manjun , Jin Lu
Published: August 2024

Structural modification is an effective way to improve the antifungal activity of natural products and has been widely used in the development of novel fungicides. In this work, a series of aminocoumarin‐based Schiff bases were synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C NMR and HR‐MS spectra. The in vitro inhibition activity of all compounds was tested against four phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria alternata) using the mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that most of the target compounds exhibited significant antifungal activities. In particular, compounds 5b, 5c, 5d, 5h, 5n, 7c, 7n, and 7p exhibited more effective antifungal activity than commercially available fungicides, chlorothalonil and azoxystrobin. The structure‐activity relationship revealed that the electron‐withdrawing groups with more electronegativity introduced at the C‐3 position were effective in improving the inhibitory activity and that halogenated benzaldehydes would be necessary in the preparation of Schiff bases. The compound 5n against Fusarium oxysporum (EC50=8.73 μg/mL) and the compound 7p against Alternaria alternata (EC50=26.25 μg/mL) were much better than the positive controls (chlorothalonil and azoxystrobin). Therefore, compounds 5n and 7p could serve as promising lead compounds for the development of novel broad‐spectrum fungicides, which could be useful for applications in the agriculture.
Two New Phenylpropanoids and a Polyphenol with Anti‐Cervical Cancer Activity from Smilax china L.
Authors: Hu Li‐Juan , Ye Xian‐Sheng , Lin Kuan , Gao Jie , Liu Wei , Yang You‐Hua , Shu Xi‐Ji , Yang De‐Sen , Gan Guo‐Ping
Published: August 2024

Two novel phenylpropanoids (compounds 1 and 2) and 11 known compounds were isolated from Smilax china L. Their structures were determined by NMR (1D and 2D) and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Further, the cytotoxic activity of all the isolated compounds against HeLa, 4T1, and U251 tumor cells was evaluated using the cell counting kit‐8 assay, revealing that compound 13 showed significant cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells. Further investigations explored the impact of compound 13 on the mitochondrial membrane potential, concentration of reactive oxygen species, wound‐healing distance, and cell cycle of HeLa cells. Notably, compound 13 significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed cell migration, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in HeLa cells. Furthermore, compound 13 inhibited HeLa cell‐cycle progression in the S phase. These findings indicate that compound 13 is a potential drug lead for the treatment of cervical cancer.
No time to wait in cardiogenic shock!
Authors: Rab Tanveer
Published: August 2024

Key points

AMI (acute myocardial infarction) cardiogenic shock patients should be transferred immediately to an mechanical circulatory support (MCS) center.

Transfer delays for MCS placement is associated with worse outcomes.

“Hub and spoke model” for transfer of AMI cardiogenic shock (AMICS) patients to dedicated Shock care centers with advanced MCS should be implemented.
The Promotion of Ce‐Based Solid Solution‐Anchored PdRh Bimetallic Alloy by Co for Three‐Way Catalysis
Authors: Jia Lingxi , Zhang Lingling , Wang Huilin , Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: August 2024

Three‐way catalysts (TWC) have been extensively studied and practically applied as a promising approach to mitigate vehicular exhaust emissions. However, the current TWC still suffer from issues such as the poor low‐temperature activity and stability. In this paper, the PdRh‐CeZrCo7 catalyst was synthesized by modifying CeZr solid solution with cobalt (Co) doping and PdRh bimetallic alloy loading. This catalyst exhibits superior TWC performance with T50 (temperature required to achieve a 50 % conversion rate) for CO, NO, and C3H6 at 172 °C, 175 °C, and 169 °C, respectively, and maintains excellent catalytic performance after 600 minutes of continuous TWC reaction at elevated temperatures. Experimental and mechanistic studies indicate that the doping of Co adjusts the electronic state of the support, exposes more oxygen vacancies, promotes the transition of the precious metal to the lower state, and then improves catalytic activity and stability for the TWC reaction. This work offers a viable strategy for the synergistic modulation of noble metals and composite oxide supports within the realm of TWC reactions, thereby significantly reducing environmental pollution associated with energy utilization.
Gender Differences in Teamwork and Leadership within Virtual Engineering Laboratories
Authors: Schade Marcel , Terkowsky Claudius , Boettcher Konrad , Inerle Stefan , Kaufhold Nils , Herbrandt Swetlana , Sritharan Rajeenthan
Published: August 2024

To adapt to changes in digital transformation and related Learning and Working 4.0, laboratories in engineering education must leap forward and employ well‐thought‐out pedagogical designs. This includes digital laboratories that in return change social dynamics and interaction patterns of students. This contribution takes the first step of examining gender‐specific teamwork and leadership of groups conducting a digital laboratory in fluid mechanics. Self and external evaluation of perceived teamwork of team members (TMs) and leaders (TLs) was analyzed. Furthermore, possibilities for improvements were evaluated. A mixed‐methods analysis was performed with respect to gender and role to assess whether differences occur. Conclusions show considerable homogeneity between genders and roles and identify communication as most important point of improvement.
Nonlinear dynamic process monitoring based on latent mapping embedding deep neural networks
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Wang Wenjing , Wang Xueting , Jiang Qingchao , Wang Guan
Published: August 2024

In industrial processes, complex nonlinearity and dynamics generally exist, making it challenging to achieve good results using conventional process monitoring methods. In this paper, a latent mapping embedding neural network method (LMNN) is proposed for efficient monitoring of nonlinear dynamic processes. First, a deep neural network (DNN) is employed to acquire features of state variables from nonlinear process data and expand them along with the input to a new feature subspace. Second, a latent mapping (LM) method is used to map the high‐dimensional feature subspace to a low‐dimensional subspace that includes the most beneficial time series information. Then the entire neural network and regression parameters are obtained through an end‐to‐end learning manner, through which the nonlinearity and process dynamics are well characterized. Subsequently, prediction error‐based residual is generated and the monitoring model is established. The performance of the proposed method is verified through a simulation of penicillin production process and an actual fermentation process of penicillin. Comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art methods are carried out, and results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Ultrathin PdAu Nanowires with High Alloying Degree for the Direct Oxidation of Methane to C1 Oxygenates
Authors: Tan Linhui , Shi Yi , Xu Yueshan , Zhang Xue , Wu Daoxiong , Wang Zhitong , Xiao Juanxiu , Wen Huan , Li Jing , Tian Xinlong , Deng Peilin
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The direct oxidation of methane (CH4) into high‐valued C1 oxygenates production has garnered increased attention in effectively using vast CH4 and alleviating the global energy crisis. However, due to the high cleavage energy of C—H bond and low polarity of CH4 molecule, it is difficult to activate the first C—H bond. Furthermore, C1 oxygenates are readily inclined to be oxidized to CO2, because their weaker C—H bond comparing with CH4 molecule, resulting in poor selectivity. Herein, we designed ultrathin PdxAuy alloy NWs supported on ZSM‐5 (Z‐5) to investigate the direct oxidation of CH4 to high value‐added oxygenate under mild conditions. By precisely adjusting the molar ratio of Pd/Au and alloying degree, Pd9Au1NWs/Z‐5 showed an excellent yield of 11.57 mmol·g–l·h–1 and the outstanding selectivity of 95.1% for C1 oxygenates (CH3OH, CH3OOH and HCOOH). The in‐situ spectroscopic and mechanism analysis proved that the enhanced catalytic performance of Pd9Au1NWs/Z‐5 was ascribed to the stable one‐dimensional nanostructure and the strong synergy effect with high alloying PdAu, which could increase the adsorption capacity of CH4 molecules on Pd atoms to promote the CH4 conversion. This work offers valuable insights into the design concept of high‐efficient catalysts and the structure‐activity relationship for the direct oxidation of CH4.
Harmonic Scale Factors of Fundamental Transitions for Dispersion‐corrected Quantum Chemical Methods
Authors: Tikhonov Denis S. , Gordiy Igor , Iakovlev Danila A. , Gorislav Alisa A. , Kalinin Mikhail A. , Nikolenko Sergei A. , Malaskeevich Ksenia M. , Yureva Karina , Matsokin Nikita A. , Schnell Melanie
Published: August 2024

This work provides a procedure and database for obtaining the vibrational frequency scale factors that align quantum chemically computed harmonic frequencies with experimental vibrational spectroscopic data. The database comprises 441 molecules of various sizes, from diatomics to the buckminsterfullerene C60. We provide scale factors for 27 dispersion‐corrected methods, 24 of which are DF‐Dn/B with DF=BLYP, PBE, B3LYP, PBE0, Dn=D3(BJ), D4, and B=6‐31G, def2‐SVP, def2‐TZVP, and three of them are the 3c‐family composite methods (HF‐3c, PBEh‐3c, and r2SCAN‐3c). The two scale factors are derived for each method: the absolute scaling, minimizing the absolute deviation of the scaled harmonic frequency from the experimental value, and the relative scaling, which minimizes an analogous relative deviation. The absolute type of scaling is recommended for frequencies above 2000 cm−1, while the relative scaling is optimal for frequencies below 2000 cm−1.
Flakes and Nanoparticles from Waste Ru‐Plated Fashion Items through Food Waste by‐Products
Authors: Cecchi Teresa , Gao Zhaojing , Santato Clara
Published: August 2024

Ruthenium is relevant for a broad range of applications, including catalysis and electronics. Like other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium stands out as one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The demand for Ru from the industry is putting pressure on its availability. Hence, its recovery from secondary sources is imperative. Fashion solid residues of the plating industry are an important waste stream for Ru. Within this context, we propose a novel approach to Ru recovery for its safe, sustainable, and economically affordable upcycling. The approach is based on peeling from waste metal wires by a green oxidizing agent, H2O2, in an environment acidic by lactic acid, a by‐product of the food industry. Peeled flakes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy for their structure and (surface) chemical composition and bonding. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy shows the ultra‐low concentration of noble metals in the leachate, thereby suggesting their quantitative recovery in their metallic state. Further, we observed the colloidal nature of the washing water of the peeled flakes. Therefore, we hypothesized the presence of nanoparticles in the washing water and went for their characterization.
Neuron‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles miRNA Profiles Identify Children Who Experience Adverse Events after Ketamine Administration for Procedural Sedation
Authors: Lucafò Marianna , Bidoli Carlotta , Franzin Martina , Eitan Erez , Rau Sara , Amaddeo Alessandro , Fachin Alice , d'Adamo Adamo Pio , Decorti Giuliana , Stocco Gabriele , Barbi Egidio , Cozzi Giorgio
Published: August 2024

Ketamine provides the highest safety profile among sedatives for procedural sedation and analgesia in the pediatric emergency setting. However, it can cause vomiting and recovery agitation. No studies have examined epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, for predicting the occurrence of these adverse events. Neuronal‐derived extracellular vesicle microRNA profiles were studied to predict the occurrence of ketamine‐induced vomiting and recovery agitation in children. For this aim, a single‐center prospective pharmacoepigenetic study was performed and 50 children who underwent procedural sedation with intravenous ketamine as the only sedative drug were enrolled between October 2019 and November 2022. MiRNA profiling in plasma neural‐derived extracellular vesicles was analyzed through next‐generation sequencing and measured before treatment with ketamine. Twenty‐two patients experienced vomiting or recovery agitation. Among the 16 differentially expressed microRNAs, the upregulated miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐484 targeted genes related to N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, including glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A). Preliminary data confirmed lower GRIN2A levels in patients who developed these events. Downregulated miR‐126‐3p and miR‐24‐3p targeted AMPA receptor‐associated genes. Functional analyses of gene targets revealed the enrichment of glutamatergic and neurotrophins signaling. Recovery agitation was associated with this network. Vomiting was related to dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Three miRNAs (miR‐18a‐3p, miR‐484, and miR‐548az‐5p) were identified as predictive biomarkers (AUC 0.814; 95% CI: 0.632–0.956) for ketamine‐induced vomiting and recovery agitation. MicroRNA profiles can predict the development of ketamine‐induced vomiting or recovery agitation in children. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ketamine‐induced adverse events.
Core‐Fluorinated BODIPYs – a New Family of Highly Efficient Luminophores
Authors: Shambalova Victoria E. , Aldoshin Alexander S. , Bunin Dmitry A. , Safonova Eugenia A. , Moiseeva Anna A. , Tarasevich Boris N. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: August 2024

A modular synthesis of novel series of 1,7‐difluorinated BODIPYs has been elaborated. First, the acid‐catalyzed condensation of ethyl 3‐aryl‐4‐fluoro‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates with aromatic aldehydes gives the corresponding dipyrromethane‐1,9‐dicarboxylates. The latter are subjected to the exhaustive reduction with lithium aluminum hydride to transform the ester moieties into methyl groups. The subsequent oxidation of the resulting 1,9‐dimethylated dipyrromethanes followed by the boron difluoride complexation afforded a family of novel core‐fluorinated BODIPYs in up to 74 % yield. Photophysical properties of the resulting BODIPYs were tuned by varying of the starting fluoropyrroles and aromatic aldehydes and were studied by UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. As a result, the fluorescence quantum yields of the obtained compounds reached up to 99 %. In addition, their ability to generate singlet oxygen and electrochemical properties were also evaluated. As a result, a new promising family of fluorophores with a good combination of the fluorescence and photosensitizing properties was obtained. It was found that conversion of ester groups into methyl ones at the 3,5‐positions of the BODIPY core is a crucial step toward fluorescence enhancement. In addition, DFT calculations were performed to elucidate a relationship between electronic structure, geometry and photophysical properties of these BODIPYs.
Recurrent selection for broad‐spectrum resistance to anthracnose in common bean
Authors: Costa Larissa C. , Ramalho Magno A. P. , Abreu Ângela F. B. , Souza Elaine A.
Published: August 2024

Recurrent selection is an effective and well‐known breeding method recommended for quantitative traits. However, the method has not been applied so far for traits typically controlled by numerous major loci, which is the case of resistance to anthracnose in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In this study, we report the effectiveness of a recurrent selection program in developing common bean progenies with resistance to multiple races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose in this crop. A total of 10 common bean lines, with distinct and complementary resistance profiles to races 65, 73, 81, and 89 of C. lindemuthianum, were intercrossed to establish a base population (Cycle 0). From Cycle 0, five iterative cycles of recombination, inoculation, and selection were carried out. Our results demonstrate that this recurrent selection approach can effectively combine resistance in common bean to different isolates from multiple races of C. lindemuthianum. A progressive increase in the number of progenies resistant to a higher number of C. lindemuthianum isolates was observed over the selection cycles. The genetic gain from CI to CV was 38.75% when the progenies were evaluated against a mixture of isolates from the four races of the pathogen. The reliance on specific genes makes race‐specific anthracnose resistance in common bean vulnerable to breakdown. By allowing optimal combinations of different anthracnose resistance genes, this dynamic recurrent selection approach is an attractive option for the development of common bean cultivars with increased stability and durability for anthracnose resistance.
The impact of ownership structure on environmental performance in the G20 energy sector
Authors: Alghawwas Shaimaa Mursi , Aljabr Noora Imad
Published: August 2024

The relationship between ownership structure and environmental performance has long been a subject of debate in the literature. This study investigates the effects of various ownership characteristics on environmental performance within the energy sector firms of G20 countries. We hypothesize that ownership concentration, as well as institutional, government, and foreign ownership, are significantly associated with firms' environmental performance. Using a dataset of energy sector companies from 2018 to 2022, collected from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database, we employ multiple linear regression analysis to test our hypotheses. The results reveal that foreign ownership is significantly and positively related to environmental performance. In contrast, institutional ownership has a significant negative effect on environmental performance. We also find that the developed G20 countries have a stronger influence on the overall sample results compared to the developing G20 countries. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of ownership structure in shaping corporate environmental practices, with important implications for policymakers, regulators, and energy companies operating within the G20 context.
Carbon Nanotube Supported Fluorine Substituted Iron Phthalocyanine Enabling Boosted Polysulfide Redox Conversion Kinetics and Cyclic Stability
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Xu Zhanwei , Zhang Yujiao , Jin Qingzhu , Guo Longhua , Chen Siyu , Shen Xuetao , Li Jiayin , Li Zhi
Published: August 2024

The sluggish transition and shuttle of polysulfides (LiPS) significantly hinder the application and commercialization of Li−S batteries. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported 10 nm sized iron Hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (FePcF16/CNTs) are prepared using a solid synthesis approach. The well‐exposed FePcF16 molecular improve the LiPS capture efficiency and redox kinetics by its central Fe−N4 units and F functional groups. The strong electron withdraw F groups significantly promote the conjugate effect and decrease the steric hindrance during mass migration procedure. Distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis shows that the Fe−N4 units exhibit strong affinity towards LiPS and the F groups further improve the Li+ diffusion rate in Li2S nucleation and oxidation procedure, accomplishing a porous surface on cathode. As a result, the FePcF16/CNTs separator exhibits a high initial capacity of 1136.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, outstanding rate capacity of 624.9 mAh g−1 at 5 C and superior long‐term stability at 2 C surviving 300 cycles with a low capacity decay of 0.43 ‰ per cycle.
Toluene‐Poisoning‐Resistant High‐Entropy Non‐Noble Metal Anode for Direct One‐Step Hydrogenation of Toluene to Methylcyclohexane
Authors: Tajuddin Aimi A. H. , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Tanimoto Hisanori , Fujita Takeshi , Jeong Samuel , Fukazawa Atsushi , Shimoyama Yuto , Misu Yoshitatsu , Takano Kaori , Matsuoka Koji , Ito Yoshikazu
Published: August 2024

The direct one‐step hydrogenation of toluene to methylcyclohexane facilitated by a proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer driven by renewable energy has garnered considerable attention for stable hydrogen storage and safe hydrogen transportation. However, a persistent challenge lies in the crossover of toluene from the cathode to the anode chamber, which deteriorates the anode and decreases its energy efficiency and lifetime. To address this challenge, the catalyst‐poisoning mechanism is systematically investigated using IrO2 and high‐entropic non‐noble‐metal alloys as anodes in acidic electrolytes saturated with toluene and toluene‐oxidized derivatives, such as benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. Benzoic acid plays an important role in polymer‐like carbon‐film formation by blocking the catalytically active sites on the anode surface. Moreover, Nb and the highly entropic state on the surface of the multi‐element alloy lower the adsorbing ability of toluene and prevent polymer‐like carbon film formation. This study contributes to the design of catalyst‐poisoning‐resistant anodes for organic hydride technology, advanced fuel cells, and batteries.
Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Diformylfuran on Alkali Doped Ru/C Catalysts. Electron Properties of Ruthenium Species as Descriptor of Catalytic Activity
Authors: Hurtado Beatriz , Arias Karen S. , Concepción Patricia , Climent Maria J. , Iborra Sara , Corma Avelino
Published: August 2024

Selective aerobic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐diformylfuran has been achieved on alkali doped Ru/C catalyst. Optimization of Ru metal nanoparticles, as well as the nature and amount of the alkali dopant have been performed. The results showed that doping the Ru/C catalyst with controlled amount of potassium increases the catalytic activity, 2.5 fold with respect to the non‐doped sample. Spectroscopic studies showed that these differences in activity can be attributed to a different oxidation reaction mechanism associated to the presence of electron rich Ru species in the promoted sample that facilitate the dissociation of O2, while prevents the oxidation of the metal. The Ru/C−K doped catalyst resulted very stable against leaching and metal sintering, being possible the reuse over several consecutive runs. Moreover, the catalyst could be successfully applied to the oxidation of different alcohols.
Decongestion in acute heart failure: Is it time to change diuretic‐centred paradigm?
Authors: Biegus Jan , Cotter Gad , Metra Marco , Ponikowski Piotr
Published: August 2024

Congestion is a common cause of clinical deterioration and the most common clinical presentation at admission in acute heart failure (HF). Therefore, finding effective and sustainable ways to alleviate congestion has become a crucial goal for treating HF patients. Congestion is a result of complex underlying pathophysiology; therefore, it is not a direct cause of the disease but its consequence. Any therapy that directly promotes sodium/water removal only, thus targeting only clinical symptoms, neither modifies the natural course of the disease nor improves prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current decongestive therapies and propose a new (not diuretic‐centred) paradigm of long‐term congestion management in HF that attempts to correct the underlying pathophysiology, thus improving congestion, preventing its development, and favourably altering the natural course of the disease rather than merely treating its symptoms.
Ion Size, Electron Rate and Transfer Coefficient Effect on Hetrocharge Redox Couple (+1,0) for 2‐D Microdisk, Potential Application for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Taherkhani Farid
Published: August 2024

Numerical finite element simulations were conducted to study the electrochemical reaction in a mixture of hetrocharge redox couple in the presence of a supporting electrolyte as a potential application in lithium ion battery, occurring on both parallel and non‐parallel two dimensional (2‐D) microdisk electrodes. Ion size of supporting electrolyte and electron transfer rate by engineering of electrode types have significant effect on electrical storage. This study represents the first‐time exploration of the electrochemical behavior for hetrocharge +1,0 redox couple in presence of supporting electrolyte on a non‐parallel 2D microdisk. Impedance spectra were calculated for the electrochemical reaction on the non‐parallel 2D microdisk under varying concentrations of the redox couple and supporting electrolyte. COMSOL simulation were extended to investigate the effects of electron rate and transfer number on the Impedance spectrum, as well as the concentration of all ions and electrical potential within the electrical double layer area for the 2‐D microdisk. Analytical expressions were derived to describe the potential and concentration profiles in the double layer area, specifically for the electrochemical reaction involving hetrocharge redox couple +1, 0 on a 2‐D parallel microdisk in the presence of the supporting electrolyte. The study explored the influence of different types of supporting electrolytes, namely KF and KBr, on the impedance spectrum, concentration profile, and electrical potential profile within the electrical double layer area for the non‐parallel 2‐D microdisk. General trend of numerical impedance spectrum result with the ion size of supporting electrolyte is agreement with the available experimental data.
Carbon‐Nanotube Microelectrodes for Electrochemical Determination of Melatonin
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Weerawarna Nilni E. , Alvarez Noe T.
Published: August 2024

Voltammetric methods hold promise for the rapid and sensitive quantification of melatonin. This study reports the direct electrochemical quantification of melatonin using carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber cross‐sections as microelectrodes. Six identical highly densified CNT fiber cross‐sections were employed to quantify melatonin in the range of 0.05–100 μM. The limit of detection and quantification were 10 and 35 nM, respectively, with a sensitivity of 0.1322 nA/μM. Interference studies with uric acid, hypoxanthine, and ascorbic acid demonstrate its performance. Real‐world application was highlighted by measuring melatonin in food, pharmaceutical, and human urine samples.
Nanopore‐based detection of periodontitis biomarker miR31 in saliva samples
Authors: Arora Pearl , Zheng Haiyan , Munusamy Sathishkumar , Jahani Rana , Guan Xiyun
Published: August 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Aberrations in the miRNA levels have been the cause behind various diseases, including periodontitis. Therefore, sensitive, specific, and accurate detection of disease‐associated miRNAs is vital to early diagnosis and can facilitate inhibitor screening and drug design. In this study, we developed a label‐free, real‐time sensing method for the detection of miR31, which has been frequently linked to periodontitis, using an engineered protein nanopore and in the presence of a complementary ssDNA as a molecular probe. Our method is rapid and highly sensitive with nanomolar concentration of miR31 that could be determined in minutes. Furthermore, our sensor showed high selectivity toward the target miR31 sequence even in the presence of interfering nucleic acids. In addition, artificial saliva and human saliva samples were successfully analyzed. Our developed nanopore sensing platform could be used to detect other miRNAs and offers a potential application for the clinical diagnosis of disease biomarkers.
Comprehensive review of energy management strategies: Considering battery energy storage system and renewable energy sources
Authors: Onsomu Obed N. , Terciyanlı Erman , Yeşilata Bülent
Published: August 2024

The transformation of power system networks is slowly taking shape, the advent of interruptive technological platforms dealing with digitalization and real‐time trading of power has gained attention based on incorporation of more renewables into the grid. The stochastic nature of renewables pauses security of supply challenges and other related stability concerns, and for this reason efficient methods are investigated in this review to build an understanding of microgrid energy management system (MG‐EMS) and distribution‐based energy management strategies aimed at transforming the conventional grid network into smart grid network. In essence, propagating a technological shift to microgrids which have proven to be ideal distribution networks for residential and commercial loads, have become indispensable in handling distributed energy resources (DER), such as solar, PV, wind, battery energy storage systems (BESS) and small‐scale microgrids, for example in case of excess supply, energy storage system (ESS) has been formulated as a solution to curb excess supply and can offer ancillary services to the grid network. Within the perspective of electricity generation and distribution, microgrid control methodologies, distribution network (DN) management approaches and incumbent optimization strategies used to coordinate and manage grid‐level uncertainties are investigated. In addition, this study proposes distributionally robust optimization (DRO), to manage and mitigate risks associated to shortage or oversupply of power from RESs.
Fault Diagnosis Review of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems: Fault Mechanisms, Detection and Identification, and Fault Mitigation
Authors: Yuan Yupeng , Zhang Xuesong , Li Na , Zhao Xuyang , Tong Liang , Yuan Chengqing , Shen Boyang , Long Teng
Published: August 2024

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has become a hotspot due to its high efficiency, compact structure, and good dynamic operation efficiency. However, problems such as poor reliability and short lifespan create bottlenecks in its large‐scale applications. There has been a large amount of research on fault diagnosis and health management techniques dedicated to addressing the lifespan issues of PEMFC systems. This article provides an in‐depth analysis on the fault mechanism of PEMFC and systematically sorts out the types, causes, and impacts of faults. On this basis, the research progress of PEMFC fault diagnosis technology is summarized, and the measurement characterization methods for fuel cell status monitoring and fault detection are summarized. The literatures of model‐based and data‐driven fault identification methods are summarized and compared. The relevant mitigation measures for PEMFC faults are discussed. Finally, based on the challenges in the current research of fault diagnosis, people mainly conduct research on fault model, online diagnostic technology, and improving diagnostic mechanisms. Overall, this article can provide useful summary and guidance for future research.
Recent Advances in Biomass‐Derived Carbon‐Based Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic Reduction Reactions: Properties–Performance Correlations
Authors: Murugesan Rajini , Yesupatham Manova Santhosh , Agamendran Nithish , Sekar Karthikeyan , Neethinathan Clament Sagaya Selvam , Maruthapillai Arthanareeswari
Published: August 2024

Developing affordable and high‐performance catalysts for water electrolyzers and fuel cell devices is an emerging field of research aiming for their feasible implementation and thus addressing sustainable global energy demands. Accordingly, several catalytic systems have been developed for anodic oxidation reactions and cathodic reduction reactions. Specifically, more research attention has been focused on viable catalyst synthesis processes including design, choice of precursors, reaction conditions, and regulation steps for achieving desirable properties and performances. Intriguingly, biomass has been demonstrated as a promising precursor for the potential design of different carbon‐based catalysts for electrocatalytic oxidation/reduction reactions. In this review, the recent developments in using biomass precursors to derive different nanostructures are systematically discussed. The biomass‐derived catalysts especially applied for reduction reactions (hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions) are summarized, and the impact of various catalysts’ engineering routes (incorporation of metals and nonmetals into the carbon structures) on the resulting structure–performance relationship is critically discussed. Further, this review highlights the performance of various biomass‐derived catalysts toward electrocatalytic reduction reactions that unveil the catalyst's intrinsic features such as selectivity, activity, and durability. The summarized results and the critical discussion will facilitate screening of the best biomass precursor, identifying suitable regulation strategies for accomplishing desirable properties, and thus advancing the next‐generation catalysts’ developments. Further, the significance, challenges, and perspectives on biomass‐derived catalysts for electrocatalysis are comprehensively discussed.
The One Health approach in food safety: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Rodríguez‐Melcón Cristina , Alonso‐Calleja Carlos , Capita Rosa
Published: August 2024

According to the World Health Organization, contaminated food causes approximately 600 million cases of illness and 420,000 associated deaths worldwide each year. In this scenario, food safety is a crucial task, which is based in the application of correct hygiene practices throughout the entire food production chain: from farm to table. Ensuring food safety requires the implementation of practical, comprehensive, affordable, and effective approaches such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, Good Agricultural Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices, use of low cost technologies for traceability, regular inspection and auditing, as well as education and training, among other factors. In addition, it is essential to establish more comprehensive strategies based on the One Health approach. Since human health and animal health are interdependent and linked to the health of the ecosystems in which they coexist, collaboration between multiple disciplines is necessary to achieve optimal health for people, animals, and the environment. Within the food system, the One Health approach can be useful, for example, in the fight against zoonoses or antibiotic resistance. This paper describes various aspects related to the main biotic food‐borne diseases, the problem of biofilms and the impact of different antimicrobials (whether biocides or antibiotics) on antibiotic resistance, listing a range of alternatives to the use of classic sanitizing compounds. All of this has the aim of giving an overview of the different factors, including those connected to the environment or animal health, which can influence food safety and thus public health.
Analysis of the microbial community structure and characteristic flavor of traditional fermented bean paste
Authors: Luo Aiguo , Guo Yuyu , Zhu Min , Hu Bianfang
Published: August 2024

Bean paste is a traditional Chinese fermented condiment, which is loved by consumers for its pleasant flavor and nutritional properties. However, the microbial communities and related flavor compounds in bean paste remain unclear. We studied the correlation between the core functional microorganisms and flavor compounds in bean paste samples at different fermentation stages. Bacterial and fungal communities changed significantly during fermentation. The results indicated that the dominant bacterial genera were Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Bacillus. The dominant fungi were Aspergillus and Lichtheimia. During the early and late stages of bean paste fermentation, alcohols, hydrocarbons, esters, and phenols were the main flavor compounds detected. The types and proportions of alcohols and esters in the bean pastes fermented for different durations were similar, whereas the relative contents of phenols and hydrocarbons were higher in the later stages of fermentation. Correlation analysis revealed that core functional microorganisms played a key role in the fermentation process, and the potential correlation between bacterial genera and flavors was stronger than that of fungal genera. Staphylococcus abundance was significantly correlated with the flavor levels of ethyl oleate, ç‐pinene, diallyl disulfide, á‐myrcene, D‐limonene, and tetradecanoic acid, ethyl ester. The abundance of Aspergillus and Lichtheimia was significantly correlated with the flavor levels of á‐myrcene, ç‐pinene, and DL‐3‐phenyllactic acid. This study explored the relationship between microorganisms and flavor compounds in bean paste to deepen our understanding of the mechanism of flavor formation for bean paste.
Milk‐derived exosomes in the regulation of nutritional and immune functions
Authors: Yang Hui , Wuren Tana , Zhai Bin‐tao , Liu Yang , Er Demtu
Published: August 2024

Milk‐derived exosomes (MDEs), being a component of milk, have the potential to support immune system maturation in offspring and enhance immune cell proliferation. Through the transport and transmission of essential signaling molecules, MDEs contribute to the regulation of intergenerational and intraspecies communication, thereby impacting nutrient uptake and metabolic functions. A comprehensive comprehension of MDE functionalities is imperative for enhancing the quality of the dairy industry. A systematic search of the databases PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus utilizing predetermined keywords resulted in the identification of 418 articles, of which 67 were chosen for inclusion in this review, which specifically explores the intersection of immune response and nutrition. This article provides a critical analysis of the classification of extracellular vesicles, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of microvesicular dietary exosomes (MDEs), the components of MDEs, and their relevance in the contexts of nutrition and immune modulation. The primary aim of this review was to offer valuable scholarly insights to support the advancement and practical application of MDEs.
Induzierte Erschütterungen von Bauwerken auf Pfahl‐ und auf Flachgründungen – ein Vergleich über numerische Berechnungen
Authors: Hartmann Hans‐Georg
Published: August 2024

Bei der Prognose von Bauwerksschwingungen infolge Erschütterungsquellen in der Nachbarschaft, z. B. aus Verkehr, Baumaßnahmen oder Maschinenschwingungen, stellt sich mitunter die Frage, welchen Einfluss die Gründung des Bauwerkes auf Amplitude und Frequenzgehalt der resultierenden Schwingungen hat. In diesem Beitrag werden die sogenannten induzierten Erschütterungen von Bauwerken auf Pfahl‐ und auf Flachgründungen auf der Basis von numerischen Berechnungen systematisch miteinander verglichen. Nach einer Beschreibung der Berechnungsmethode mit der „Thin Layer Method“ (TLM) im Frequenzbereich werden zunächst Einzelpfähle im homogenen Halbraum sowie solche in einer Bodenschicht auf steiferem Untergrund betrachtet. Angeregt durch horizontale und vertikale Kräfte an der Bodenoberfläche in einigem Abstand werden die Amplituden der Schwinggeschwindigkeit (Schwingschnellen) in Höhe des Pfahlkopfes vor und nach Einbau des Pfahles ermittelt und verglichen. Es werden dabei Frequenzen zwischen 1 Hz und 40 Hz betrachtet. Der Einfluss der Bodenschichtung wird diskutiert. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden die Schwingschnellen von Flach‐ und Pfahlgründungen unter gleicher Anregung berechnet und miteinander verglichen. Es werden charakteristische Unterschiede aufgezeigt. Zur Berücksichtigung der aufgehenden Bauwerke werden diese stark vereinfacht als starre Massen modelliert. Die Berechnungsergebnisse leisten einen Beitrag zur einleitenden Fragestellung.