bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor Control on the Move - from Insights in Insects to General Mechanisms
Authors: Büschges Ansgar , Ache Jan M.
Published: December 2024

This review discusses how the nervous system controls the complex body movements keeping animals up and running. In particular, we revisit how research in insects has shed light onto motor control principles that govern movements across the animal kingdom. Starting with the organization and evolution of the insect nervous system, we discuss insights into the neuronal control of behaviors varying in complexity, including escape, flight, crawling, walking, grooming, and courtship. These behaviors share specific control features. For instance, central pattern generating circuits (CPG), which reside in proximity to the motor neurons and muscles, support the generation of rhythmic motor activity. The number of CPGs involved depends on the complexity of the motor apparatus controlled, such as wing pairs for flight, or six pairs of multi-segmented legs for walking. The different control architectures are introduced with respect to their organization, topology, and operation. Sensory feedback plays a pivotal role in shaping CPG activity into a functional, well-coordinated motor output. The activity of motor circuits is orchestrated by descending neurons connecting the brain to the ventral nerve cord or spinal cord, which initiate, maintain, modulate, and terminate different actions. We therefore discuss the current understanding of descending control, and the contributions of individual, command-like descending neurons and population codes. To highlight how insights in insects help discover fundamental motor control principles, we cross-reference findings from other animals, particularly vertebrates. Additionally, we discuss methodological advances that enabled breakthroughs in motor control research, including neurogenetics and connectomics, and discuss key open questions.
Blowup and Global Solutions of a Fourth‐Order Parabolic Equation With Variable Exponent Logarithmic Nonlinearity
Authors: Butakın Gülistan , Pişkin Erhan , Çelik Ercan
Published: December 2024

In this work, we deal with a fourth‐order parabolic equation with variable exponent logarithmic nonlinearity. We obtain the global existence and blowup solutions using the energy functional and potential well method.
The Effect of Preinduction Cervical Ripening With Synthetic Hygroscopic Dilators on Maternal Outcomes of Women With Previous Caesarean Pregnancy: A Single‐Group Clinical Trial
Authors: Dorairajan Gowri , Ravi Saranya , Chinnakili Palanivel
Published: December 2024

Background: Preinduction cervical ripening in previous caesarean pregnancy is limited to intracervical Foley catheter. This study is aimed at finding the vaginal birth rates, improvement of Bishop score, and safety of osmotic dilator (Dilapan‐S) among women with previous caesarean pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted this single‐group clinical study after the approval of the institute ethics committee, clinical trial registration, and obtaining informed consent. We recruited women above 18 years with a prior caesarean section at term and a Bishop score of less than 6 by systematic random sampling prospectively. The first or second author inserted two to a maximum of five osmotic dilators (Dilapan‐S) in the cervical canal. After 24 h, we removed Dilapan and induced labour with a low‐dose oxytocin regimen up to a maximum dose of 24 mIU/min. We assessed the improvement of the Bishop score and vaginal birth rates for efficacy and safety concerns like bleeding, fragmentation, displacement, infections, and scar dehiscence.

Results: Eighty‐two women completed the study. The Bishop score significantly improved from a mean of 2.6 before to 5.3 after Dilapan. Three opted for a caesarean section after Dilapan removal and refused oxytocin infusion. Seventy‐nine women completed the trial of labour. Forty‐one (52%) achieved active labour (52%). Twenty‐seven delivered vaginally, and 52 required emergency caesarean section (34% vaginal birth rate; 18 spontaneous, nine instrumental, four with forceps, and five with vacuum). None had entrapment, fragmentation, or upward displacement of Dilapan. Two women had scar dehiscence, and one had a traumatic postpartum haemorrhage. There was no maternal or perinatal mortality.

Conclusions: We conclude that the hygroscopic dilator Dilapan effectively ripens the cervix before labour induction in women with a previous caesarean scar. They are safe, but more extensive studies are needed to evaluate scar‐related complications during labour.

Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2019/03/017927
Table S9 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Ablation study of DeePathNet on cancer type and breast cancer subtype classification
Table S3 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Benchmarking results for drug response prediction with cross-validation
Figure S1 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Details of pathway encoder and Transformer encoder.
Figure 5 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Performance evaluation of breast cancer subtype classification. A, Model evaluation by cross-validation. The x-axis represents the macro-average F1-score, and the y-axis represents accuracy. B, Radar chart showing the model ranks across the set of four metrics. A larger enclosed area represents better classification performance. C, Performance metrics showing generalization errors for DeePathNet and random forest when using CPTAC data as the independent test set for validation. D, Confusion matrix showing generalization errors when using CPTAC data as the independent test set for validation. Statistics are annotated in the same way as described in Fig. 4C.
Figure 4 from DeePathNet: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model Integrating Multiomic Data with Cancer Pathways
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Poulos Rebecca C. , Aref Adel , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: December 2024

Performance evaluation of cancer type classification. A, Model comparison using cross-validation on the TCGA dataset. The x-axis represents the macro-average F1-score, and the y-axis denotes accuracy. B, Radar chart showing the model ranks across the set of four metrics. A larger enclosed area indicates better predictive performance. C, Confusion matrix for the classification of 23 cancer types. Columns denote predicted labels, and rows represent actual labels. The percentage shown represents the proportion of predictions made for the corresponding cancer type, with each row summing to 1. The diagonal represents correct predictions for each cancer type, with the percentage indicating the recall. Bar plots show precision (horizontal axis), recall (vertical axis, leftmost), and number of samples (vertical axis, rightmost) per cancer type.
A revision of the South American species of the ant-mimicking spider genus Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)
Authors: SILVA-JUNIOR CLÁUDIO J. , BONALDO ALEXANDRE B.
Published: December 2024

The ant-mimic spider genus Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 is revised for the first time from South America, increasing the number of species known from that region from seven to 15, totaling 23 known species in the genus. The identity of three Neotropical species currently in Apochinomma Pavesi, 1880 was recovered and they are transferred to Myrmecotypus: M. formica (Simon, 1896) comb. nov., M. formicoides Mello-Leitão, 1939 comb. nov., and M. dacetonoides (Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov.. Myrmecotypus formicoides is proposed as a junior synonym of M. niger Chickering, 1937 and M. dacetonoides is considered the senior synonym of M. iguazu Rubio & Arbino, 2009. Apochinomma myrmecioides Mello-Leitão, 1922 and A. bilineatum Mello-Leitão, 1939 are also transferred to Myrmecotypus but considered as a nomina dubia. Myrmecotypus rubioi Pett & Perger, 2021 is transferred to Grismadox Pett, Perger & Rubio, 2022. Myrmecotypus tahyinandu Perger & Rubio, 2020 and M. haddadi Perger & Rubio, 2021 are recorded from Brazil for the first time, and M. rubrofemoratus Perger & Rubio, 2021 is recorded from Peru for the first time. Eight new species are proposed: M. drogon spec. nov. (♂), M. regianeae spec. nov. (♂ ♀), M. candianii spec. nov. (♂ ♀), M. balerion spec. nov. (♂ ♀), M. ciriaco spec. nov. (♂ ♀), and M. rapaxoides spec. nov. (♂ ♀) from Brazil, M. ednae spec. nov. (♂ ♀) from Brazil and Peru, and M. atratoides spec. nov. (♀) for Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia. All South American species are rediagnosed and mapped, and a key to all Myrmecotypus species is provided.
Carbon monoxide poisoning: a clinical case report
Authors: Baksevice Deimante , Mankute-Use Aida , Bernotaite-Morkune Austeja , Zelbiene Egle
Published: December 2024

Background

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a serious yet frequently overlooked condition with diverse and nonspecific clinical presentations. The analysis of Lithuanian statistics reveals fluctuations in patient admissions and consultations through the poisoning center over a four-year period, with notable variations in fatality rates. Despite these trends, CO poisoning remains a significant public health concern due to its potential for severe long-term sequelae or death.

Case

This case report focuses on two distinct presentations of CO poisoning in a young couple, illustrating the varied manifestations and outcomes of this toxic exposure. The first case describes a 23-year-old male presenting with altered consciousness and neurological symptoms, while the second case involves a 21-year-old pregnant female presenting with cardiovascular symptoms, including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Discussion

Highlights include the challenges in diagnosing CO poisoning; factors influencing the severity and symptoms of CO poisoning; potential complications; and considerations for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) in severe cases and pregnancy.

Conclusion

These cases illustrate the importance of recognizing CO poisoning, advocating for oxygen therapy as the first-line treatment, and calling for further research to improve understanding, treatment, and prevention of this potentially fatal condition.
Genome-wide analysis and identification of nuclear factor Y gene family in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)
Authors: Hussain Hadia , Fatima Noor , Sajid Muhammad , Mehar Iqra , Noor Maryam , Attia Kotb A. , Hafez Yaser M. , Abdelaal Khaled , Shah Tawaf Ali
Published: December 2024

NF-Y is a class of heterotrimeric transcription factor composed of three subunits; NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. This complex binds to the CCAAT box found in eukaryotic promoters and is involved in the plant development and proliferation at various stages. Although many studies were conducted on NF-Y gene family in various species, but no study has been reported yet in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). In this study, 47 PvNF-Y genes (17 PvNF-YA, 18 PvNF-YB, and 12 PvNF-YC) have been identified and named according to their subfamily. Chromosome location analysis revealed that all 47 PvNF-Y genes are randomly distributed across nine chromosomes. Moreover, multiple sequence alignment showed the DNA-binding domain and NF-YA/NFYB interacting domains flanking with non-conserved domains. In addition, prediction of functional similarities among PvNF-Ys genes phylogenetic tree was constructed corresponding to Arabidopsis. The gene structure, conserved domains and motifs analysis of PvNF-Ys genes demonstrated their specificity and functional conservation. Cis-regulatory elements analysis identified numerous key CREs that are significantly associated with light, hormone, stress and plant development responses. Expression profiling indicated higher expression levels of many PvNF-YA genes during drought and heat stress. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis showed that some PvNF-Ys genes have high expression level in root. In conclusion, the findings of this study could provide a foundation for further cloning and functional analysis of NF-Y genes in switchgrass.
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on physicochemical properties and wooliness of nectarine fruit during cold storage
Authors: Sen Fatih , Yilmaz Enes , Ozturk Burhan
Published: December 2024

Background

Owing to its high perishability, the market life of nectarine fruit is very short. Cold storage is a principal approach to limit post-harvest quality loss in nectarines. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of postharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on quality properties of nectarine fruit, specifically weight loss, firmness, phenolics and antioxidant activity, following cold storage and subsequent shelf life. Fruit immersed in water were considered as control. The fruit were stored at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH for 56 d, then kept at 20 ± 0.5 °C and 70 ± 5% RH for 2 d in shelf life.

Results

The results demonstrated that single or combined treatments of MeJA, SA and 1-MCP were effective on quality characteristics. During cold storage, fruit treated with MeJA + 1-MCP (3.66%) and SA + 1-MCP (3.54%) exhibited lower weight loss than the control (4.08%). In the final two measurements of storage, the flesh firmness of fruit treated with SA + 1-MCP (54.5 and 54.06 N, respectively) was higher than that of the control. At the end of cold storage, the SA + 1-MCP treatment (17.4%) exhibited higher soluble solids than the control (15.37%) and SA (15.20%) treatments. However, the total phenolics content was found to be higher in nectarine fruit treated with single SA than in the control, as well as in fruit treated with SA + 1-MCP and single 1-MCP. Wooliness in fruit treated with 1-MCP, SA and MeJA was found to be lower than in the control, while fruit had higher acceptance.

Conclusions

As a result, the SA + 1-MCP and MeJA + 1-MCP treatments were more efficacious in retarding the weight and firmness decline of nectarine fruit during storage. Also, it was revealed that 1-MCP, SA and MeJA could be employed as efficacious instruments in nectarine fruit with respect to wooliness and acceptance, which influence consumer preferences.
A physiotherapist-led biopsychosocial education and exercise programme for patients with chronic low back pain in Ghana: a mixed-methods feasibility study
Authors: Ampiah Paapa Kwesi , Hendrick Paul , Moffatt Fiona , Ampiah Josephine Ahenkorah
Published: December 2024

Background

Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition which causes substantial disability globally. The biopsychosocial model of management has been recommended in national and international guidelines for the management of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, biopsychosocial approaches are predominantly delivered in high income countries (HICs), although the prevalence of LBP is substantially higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) especially in Africa (39%; 95% CI 30–47). Understanding the effectiveness of BPS interventions in LMICs especially in Africa is underexplored, with substantial inequity between research from HICs and LMICs. Ghana is a LMIC where the effectiveness of biopsychosocial interventions has been underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of delivering a physiotherapist-led BPS programme for the management of patients with CLBP in Ghana.

Methods

This was a mixed-methods, sequential, pretest-posttest feasibility study. Participants involved thirty patients with CLBP. The biopsychosocial intervention involved an exercise and patient education programme based on principles of cognitive behavioural strategies with emphasis on self-management. The biopsychosocial intervention was delivered for six weeks for each participant. Feasibility outcomes regarding management and processes were captured pre-intervention, post-intervention, and three-months post intervention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted post-intervention to explore participants’ experiences with the biopsychosocial intervention. Patients’ demographics were collected at baseline. Patient reported outcome measures such as intensity of pain, disability, pain catastrophising, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and general quality of life, were collected pre-intervention, post-intervention and at three-months follow-up. Qualitative analysis explored participants’ experiences regarding the acceptability of the biopsychosocial intervention.

Results

The results of this feasibility study demonstrated that the training programme was acceptable to physiotherapists. Recruitment rate (5 patient participants per week − 100% recruitment met), retention rate post-intervention (90%), data completion rate post-intervention (99.8%) and intervention fidelity (83.1%), all met feasibility thresholds. There were no adverse events. Qualitative data also demonstrated that the biopsychosocial intervention was acceptable to participants.

Conclusion

This study has established the potential to deliver a biopsychosocial intervention programme in a Ghanaian hospital setting. This biopsychosocial intervention therefore shows promise, and the result of the study provides a platform to develop future clinical studies.
Stress, psychosocial resources and possible interventions: a qualitative study among dental students
Authors: Guthardt Lisa , Niedworok Clara , Muth Thomas , Loerbroks Adrian
Published: December 2024

Background

Prior studies found that dental students are affected by various stressors during their studies. Those stressors can exert adverse effects on their (mental) health. Our study addresses the lack of qualitative data on students’ perspectives by exploring perceived stressors and resources among dental students and interventions suggested by them. The results of our study can contribute to the development of better preventive measures and interventions.

Methods

In total, 57 dental students enrolled at a dental school in Germany participated in seven focus groups in the summer semester 2019 (May to July). Discussions were facilitated using a topic guide, and data collection was conducted until thematic saturation. All discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed and content-analyzed using MAXQDA.

Results

Key emerging stressors were related to the organization of the study program, a lack of digitalization, practical tasks, the examination system, the work/study environment and social interactions. Resources encompassed, e.g., good organization, practical courses, patient work and valued feedback. Interventions suggested by students included regular meetings to enhance collaboration, improved communication between staff and students, a central coordination unit, fixed evaluation criteria and the integration of physical exercises and physiotherapy in the study program to prevent neck and back pain.

Conclusions

Known stressors for dental students and new aspects (e.g., concurring exams or obligatory brands) emerged from our data. Interventions suggested by the students included the use of digital learning platforms, communication training or the improvement of evaluation processes. Additional research, e.g., to explore perspectives of teaching staff and other stakeholders is necessary to gain more insights into study conditions and ways to reduce stress among dental students.
Attitudes toward the adoption of eHealth amongst healthcare professionals in trauma surgery – the new digital normal?
Authors: Spierings Jelle Friso , Willinge Gijs Johan Antoon , Twigt Bas Anne , Repping Sjoerd , Kokke Marike Cornelia , van Veen Ruben , van der Velde Detlef
Published: December 2024

Background

As in many other countries, the Dutch emergency healthcare system is under pressure due to increasing numbers of patients, limited budgets, and constrained (human) resources (TraumaNet AMC 19 May, 2016; Int J Emerg Med 6:41, 2013). eHealth, enlarged by the COVID-19 pandemic, has been advocated to substitute face-to-face care to alleviate the pressure of the burden of care (Ministry of Health Welfare and Sport, 2022; Dutch Society of Hospitals, 2022). In order for eHealth solutions to be adopted in daily practice, is it essential to assess healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward its usefulness. As this is currently lacking, this study explores the use of eHealth in daily practice, opportunities of eHealth, implementation barriers, and desired functions and features amongst healthcare professionals working in Dutch orthopedic surgery and traumatology.

Methods

A cross-sectional, web-based survey among the 605 members of the Dutch Society of Trauma Surgery and related healthcare professionals on the attitudes towards eHealth in daily practice was performed between November 4, 2021, and March 31, 2022. The survey consisted of five sections with 42 questions, including close-ended questions, multiple-choice questions, 5-point Likert Scales, Visual Analogue Scales, and free-text questions.

Results

Of the 111 responding healthcare professionals, 59/111 (53%) were male, and the median age was 40 years (IQR 26 to 67). Almost all participants owned smartphones (109/111, 98.2%). Most participants reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had influenced their attitude towards the usefulness of eHealth positively (80/111, 72%). Most participants (59%) would use a digital alternative instead of face-to-face follow-up if proven a safe technology, and expect that 64% of all patients would prefer a digital option. Most healthcare professionals stated that eHealth could reduce healthcare costs (94/111, 85%) and improve patient satisfaction (81/111, 73%) but is hindered most by a lack of financial support during implementation (57/111, 51%), followed by complex laws and regulations (54/111, 49%).

Discussion

Results of this cross-sectional survey show that attitudes of orthopedic surgery or traumatology-related healthcare professionals toward the usefulness of eHealth are positive and may have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though healthcare professionals believe eHealth could reduce costs and improve patient satisfaction, daily clinical use remains low possibly due to a lack of long-term and short-term financial support and complex laws and regulations.
On the move: understanding home care workers’ experiences of using various modes of transportation at work in an occupational health perspective
Authors: Liaset Ingeborg Frostad , Fimland Marius Steiro , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Redzovic Skender
Published: December 2024

Background

The demand for home care workers (HCWs) is increasing, but home care services face challenges in recruiting and retaining skilled workers, partly due to hazards in the work environment. Transportation to client visits is an important part of HCWs' working conditions, with various modes (e.g., walking, cycling, driving) being utilized. However, these modes are often implemented without considering HCWs' perceptions of their use. Therefore, our study aimed to understand HCWs’ perceptions and experiences of using different transportation modes at work, and how they may influence health.

Methods

Fourteen HCWs from a home care unit in Trondheim (Norway) participated in focus group interviews. The interviews were analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach including reflexive journaling. The analytical process was guided by a biopsychosocial understanding of health.

Results

The analysis showed that when different transportation modes were assigned, predictability of the assignment was important for the HCWs. Both walking and driving were regarded to have both positive and negative health impacts. When walking, informants thought that getting fresh air outdoors and doing physical activity was health-promoting, while bad weather conditions and too much walking could be negative for their health. When driving a car, informants talked about privacy and getting physical rest as positive for their health, while traffic and parking conditions could be stressful. Individual factors such as age, physical health, and strong preferences were highlighted as important to consider when planning HCWs’ transportation modes in an occupational health perspective.

Conclusions

Walking now and then between client visits was generally believed by the HCWs to lead to positive health effects compared to only driving a car. Introducing planning of various transportation modes in advance, so that they are predictable, seems important to reduce stress among HCWs. In addition, some individual factors should be considered in the planning, and it should be realized that the planning likely represents a trade-off between promoting the psychosocial work environment when driving a car and potentially enhancing long-term physical health when using active transportation. Thus, biopsychosocial aspects of health should be considered when planning the mode of transport between client visits for HCWs.
Intramuscular fatty infiltration and its correlation with muscle composition and function in hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Gorski Tatiane , Casartelli Nicola C. , Fitzgerald Gillian , Horstman Astrid M. H. , Masschelein Evi , Essers Kalliopi J. , Maffiuletti Nicola A. , Sutter Reto , Leunig Michael , De Bock Katrien
Published: December 2024

Background

Hip osteoarthritis patients display higher levels of fatty infiltration (FI) in the gluteus minimus (GM) compared to other hip muscles. We investigated specific histological factors such as fiber type composition and collagen deposition, and functional outcomes like muscle strength and activation associated with FI in these patients.

Methods

In twelve men (67 ± 6 y) undergoing total hip replacement (THR), hip and knee muscle strength and activation (electromyography, EMG) were assessed bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to compare the relative FI area and muscle cross sectional area (CSA) of the GM, rectus femoris (RF), tensor fascia latae (TFL) and vastus lateralis (VL). Adipocyte content, fiber type composition, grouping, fiber size, centrally nucleated fiber frequency, collagen deposition, satellite cell density and capillarization were assessed in intraoperative biopsies of the four muscles. Differences between GM and other muscles were assessed with repeated-measures one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test. Pearson coefficients were calculated for the correlations between FI measurements and the other histological and functional parameters.

Results

Strength was lower in the affected limb. Knee extensor weakness was accompanied by lower VL muscle activation. Muscle CSA and FI did not differ between sides. In the affected limb, GM displayed larger relative FI area (MRI) compared to RF and VL. Biopsy adipocyte content was higher in GM than RF and TFL. Compared to the other hip muscles, GM displayed higher type 1 fiber content while its type 2X fiber content was lower. Fiber grouping levels were higher in GM than the other muscles. Collagen content was higher in GM than TFL and VL. 

FI in GM was associated with type 1 (r = 0.43) and type 2X (r = -0.34) fiber content, fiber grouping (r = 0.39), and collagen deposition (r = 0.37). FI in VL was negatively associated with maximal knee extension strength (r = -0.65).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing THR, the higher FI levels of GM compared to other hip muscles were associated with fiber type composition and grouping, and with higher collagen deposition. Experimental studies exploring these associations could potentially uncover new targets for the treatment of intramuscular FI and related impairments in muscle function.

Trial registration

KEK number: 2016–01852, date of registration: 12-4-2017.
Changes In the Brain with An External Focus of Attention: Neural Correlates
Authors: Kuhn Yves-Alain , Taube Wolfgang
Published: December 2024

Although it is well established that an external compared to an internal focus of attention enhances motor performance and learning, the underlying neural mechanisms remained relatively underexplored. Recent studies revealed that adopting different attentional strategies results in a differential cortico-motor organization. These findings hold great potential for applying attentional strategies for healthy subjects and populations that display motor deficiencies.
Extracurricular Activities: Introducing Children of Primary School Age to Family Values
Authors: Schetinskaya V.
Published: December 2024

The article describes extracurricular activities aimed at familiarizing primary schoolchildren with traditional family values, which is especially relevant in the Year of the Family held in the Russian Federation. As an example, materials are given for an extracurricular activity in primary school on the topic of “Father’s Day” with methodological recommendations for its implementation.
The Role of the Modern Family in the Development of a Primary Schoolchildren As a Reader
Authors: Kuznetsova Marina , Hlytchiev I.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the change in the attitude of parents of primary school children to reading that has occurred over the past ten years. A negative trend of a decrease in the number of parents who like to read and an increase in the number of those who do not like to read is recorded. The connection between parents’ attitude to reading and the level of reading literacy of their children, noted at the level of common sense, is confirmed by the results of the study. An analysis of factors influencing the traditions of family reading is conducted, and ways to preserve this most important type of activity are proposed.
Implementation of the Federal Project «Professionalism» in the Moscow Region: Achievements and Development Prospects
Authors: Ryahimova E. , Maslovskaya T. , Shishov Sergey
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the implementation of the Federal project " Professionalism" in the Moscow region, in particular, considers the achieved results of the project (development and implementation of new educational programs, establishment of strong ties between educational organizations and employers, development of the material and technical base of educational institutions, etc.). Shows the success factors of the project, its difficulties, barriers that have arisen during the period of its implementation. As a result, proposals have been developed to improve the mechanisms for the regional implementation of the Professionalism project, taking into account the specifics of the labor market in the Moscow region. Integration of the project with regional economic strategies is one of the key prospects. This makes it possible to more effectively adapt educational programs to the labor market. The development of digital platforms and the introduction of modern educational technologies in vocational education opens up new opportunities for distance learning and increasing the availability of educational resources. In addition, the mentoring and internship system helps to establish professional contacts that contribute to their successful integration into the labor market.
The Benefits and challenges of virtual reality application in rehabilitation for chronic conditions
Authors: Kraśnik Wojciech , Jankowska Olga , Kurzeja Jacek , Piotrowicz Katarzyna , Piotrowicz Hubert , Bajkacz Agnieszka , Rogala Anna , Osmólska Joanna
Published: December 2024

The recent era of rapid advancements in information technology has enabled various medical disciplines to tackle longstanding problems in novel ways. Among these, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising alternative or complement to conventional physical therapy (CPT) for managing chronic musculoskeletal, degenerative, neurological, and pulmonary conditions. Increased patient motivation during treatment, low drop-out rates, and instant feedback are among the primary reasons VR is gaining trust among physicians, patients, and caregivers worldwide. Evidence suggests that VR can significantly enhance motor performance, cognitive skills, pulmonary function, activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life (QoL), and even reduce pain intensity in several chronic diseases. Notably, patients with stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poised to be the primary beneficiaries of VR. Thus, it appears that VR-based techniques are set to leave a footprint on clinical practice globally. However, challenges to the clinical adoption of VR remain, including technical limitations, the lack of standardized guidelines, and minor safety concerns that must be addressed. This paper summarizes the background, current developments, and key considerations for future research in this rapidly evolving field.
The Silent Threat: Understanding and Managing Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Borowiec Kinga , Borowiec Agnieszka , Kwaśniewska Paulina , Biernikiewicz Julia , Wilewska Anna , Biernikiewicz Milena , Pomirski Bartosz , Pomirska Agata , Alabrudziński Konstanty , Kałachurska Miszela
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. This article aims to explore the pathophysiology, risk factors, basic rules of patient screening, DR classification and current treatment approaches for DR, with the goal of improving awareness and understanding of this vision threatening condition.Materials and methods: A review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar including publications regarding diabetic retinopathy and its’ pathogenesis, risk factors, classification, screening and treatment. Literature was searched using the following terms: “diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and treatment”, “diabetic retinopathy screening”, “diabetic retinopathy risk factors”, “vascular  endothelial growth factor inhibitors”, “laser photocoagulation” and “vitrectomy”.Brief description of the state of knowledge: DR is typically classified into two stages: non-proliferative DR, where the retinal vessels leak fluid or bleed and proliferative DR, characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels that can lead to retinal detachment or hemorrhaging. Treatment for DR aims to slow disease progression and preserve vision. Modern therapies include laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections and vitrectomy.Conclusions: Prevention is the most effective way to avoid vision loss from DR. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, controlling blood glucose and blood pressure, as well as regular eye examinations are essential for managing DR. Therapeutic interventions such as anti-VEGF intravitreal injections, laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy proved to be very effective in DR management. Early intervention with modern therapies, patients education and treatment adherence are main factors in preventing severe outcomes of DR.
De lo conocido a la construcción de conocimiento: aplicación del aprendizaje experiencial en Acondicionamiento e Instalaciones I
Authors: Díaz-Borrego Algaba Julia
Published: December 2024

En el contexto de la enseñanza de Acondicionamiento e Instalaciones I en la
Escuela de Arquitectura, se reconoce la necesidad de superar las limitaciones del
enfoque tradicional de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para abordar este desafío, se lleva
a cabo una experimentación mediante la aplicación de un CIMA. Se propone así
una transformación metodológica fundamentada en el aprendizaje experiencial y
el Modelo 4MAT. Este enfoque se centra en el principio de lo conocido a la construcción de conocimiento, donde los estudiantes se involucran activamente en su
proceso de aprendizaje, partiendo de sus experiencias previas y avanzando hacia
la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos y habilidades. El aprendizaje experiencial, inspirado en la teoría de Kolb, destaca la importancia de la experiencia práctica para una comprensión profunda y significativa, mientras que el Modelo 4MAT
ofrece un marco estructurado para diseñar actividades que aborden las diferentes necesidades de los estudiantes. La integración de estos enfoques busca potenciar el aprendizaje efectivo, proporcionando a los estudiantes la oportunidad
de construir su propio conocimiento a través de experiencias prácticas y promoviendo así un aprendizaje más profundo y duradero
Análisis de la aplicación de un Ciclo de Mejora docente en la asignatura «Ciencia y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente»
Authors: Roncero Ramos Beatriz
Published: December 2024

En este capítulo se describe un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) diseñado
para la asignatura Ciencia y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente del Grado de Ingeniería Agrícola de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica de la Universidad de Sevilla durante el curso académico 2023-2024. Este CIMA se aplicó
en 3 sesiones de las clases prácticas de esta asignatura enfocadas en la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de proyectos agrícolas y ganaderos. Concretamente,
los contenidos que se impartieron fueron el uso de la cartografía y teledetección para realizar estudios de impacto ambiental, la identificación y valoración
de los impactos, así como las medidas correctoras o compensatorias que se pueden aplicar. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos tras evaluar la evolución de
los conocimientos de las y los estudiantes señalan que sus modelos mentales
aumentan en complejidad en relación con preguntas clave de los contenidos. La
experiencia de la aplicación de este CIMA también nos muestra cómo se puede
mejorar la docencia aplicando actividades de contraste y mapas de contenidos,
así como aumentando la participación.
Analisis Suhu Permukaan Lahan Menggunakan Data Penginderaan Jauh Seri Waktu
Authors: Purnama Syaiful Muflichin , Ningrum Rheina , Karondia Loryena Ayu , Putri Caesarean Fadhilah
Published: December 2024

The research site is Tanjung Redeb Sub-district, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. Tanjung Redeb Sub-district is experiencing a rapid urban development process. As a result, human demand for land use, especially built-up land, is increasing and affecting the amount of vegetation. The decreasing amount of vegetation leads to an increase in land surface temperature. The aim of this study is to determine the land surface temperature in the time series from 2014 to 2022 and to determine the relationship with changes in land cover. The analysis process is carried out using a remote sensing data approach through several extractions, namely the use of guided classification with random forest algorithms, NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Surface Temperature). The results of this study show that the land surface temperature of Tanjung Redeb District is dominated by temperatures of 21.4C-24.6C. While the results of the correlation test between vegetation index and land surface temperature obtained a value of -0.57154 (has a moderate relationship) with a correlation value marked (-) which shows the relationship that occurs in the opposite direction, the higher the vegetation index value, the lower the temperature and the R square (R2) of 0.417, the R2 value can prove that vegetation density has an influence of 41.7% on land surface temperature and the rest is influenced by other factors.
Pemanfaatan Digital Surface Model (DSM) dari UAV Fixed Wing untuk Analisis Potensi Panel Surya (Studi Kasus: Desa Banturejo, Kabupaten Malang)
Authors: Hidayat Husnul , Kariim Farhan Kariim Maulana
Published: December 2024

Energi surya merupakan sumber energi yang tidak akan pernah habis ketersediaannya dan energi ini juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif yang dapat diubah menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan sel surya. Dengan melihat letak geografis Indonesia yang terletak pada garis khatulistiwa dan memiliki iklim tropis dapat dikatakan bahwa negara ini memiliki tingkat intensitas matahari yang cukup stabil dan kaya akan potensi energi surya. Salah satu teknologi yang digunakan dalam penggunaan energi surya adalah panel surya. Dalam memaksimalkan penggunaan panel surya dibutuhkan pemilihan lokasi yang tepat salah satunya dengan menggunakan teknologi fotogrametri. Salah satu teknik Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Hasil yang didapatkan dengan wahana Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) di Desa Banturejo antara lain adalah Orthophoto dan (Digital Surface Model) DSM. Orthophoto hasil pengolahan memiliki resolusi 8,1 cm/pixel sedangkan DSM memiliki resolusi 1,8 cm/pixel. Digitasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan luasan atap dimana pada Desa Banturejo terdapat 6467 bidang atap dan  1954 atap bangunan dengan luasan 4,43 – 887,95 . Pada penelitian ini perhitungan  dilakukan menggunakan software pengolahan data spasial dengan tools Area Solar Radiation dan   dengan data pendukung yaitu curah hujan yang didapatkan dari Badan Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG). Perhitungan menghasilkan pola distribusi matahari dimana bangunan yang memiliki permukaan datar dan mengarah ke utara mendapatkan lebih banyak radiasi matahari pada bulan Juli. Nilai radiasi matahari dilakukan perhitungan estimasi produksi listrik, Dimana pada Desa Banturejo bulan Juli menghasilkan 106,94 - 18.785,44 Kwh. Hasil distribusi matahari dilakukan validasi dengan pola sebaran temperatur atap drone thermal. Pola sebaran radiasi matahari dengan temperatur atap memiliki pola yang sesuai.
Predictive Modeling of Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies in Kalimantan Basins: Bridging the GRACE and GRACE-FO Data Gap with Extreme Gradient Boosting
Authors: Safira Rizka Amelia Dwi , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara , Awange Joseph L.
Published: December 2024

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly has been a robust indicator in predicting and monitoring hydrometeorological hazards and sustainable water resources management to comprehend the water dynamics on Earth. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite identifies this change by heeding the Earth’s mass anomalies since 2002. However, due to an 11-month data gap before the operation of GRACE-FO, continuous investigation using GRACE has been challenging. This study employed an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to reconstruct GRACE TWS anomaly by integrating the hydroclimatic variables from Noah surface models over a span of approximately 20 years, focusing on five Kalimantan basins. The testing set was evaluated using three statistical metrics, resulting in a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.943, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.887, and scaled root-mean-square error (RMSE*) of 0.337. This approach effectively addresses the research gap in utilizing the GRACE product in an archipelago state such as Indonesia and offers an efficient method for reconstructing TWS anomalies for various hydrological systems at the local scale.
Role of nitric oxide in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: A biomolecular overview
Authors: Anaya-Prado Roberto , Canseco-Villegas Abraham I , Anaya-Fernández Roberto , Anaya-Fernandez Michelle Marie , Guerrero-Palomera Miguel A , Guerrero-Palomera Citlalli , Garcia-Ramirez Ivan F , Gonzalez-Martinez Daniel , Azcona-Ramírez Consuelo Cecilia , Garcia-Perez Claudia , Lizarraga-Valencia Airim L , Hernandez-Zepeda Aranza , Palomares-Covarrubias Jacqueline F , Blackaller-Medina Jorge HA , Soto-Hintze Jacqueline , Velarde-Castillo Mayra C , Cruz-Melendrez Dayri A
Published: December 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule produced by 3 different NO synthase (NOS) isoforms: Neural/brain NOS (nNOS/bNOS, type 1), endothelial NOS (eNOS, type 3) and inducible NOS (type 2). Type 1 and 3 NOS are constitutively expressed. NO can serve different purposes: As a vasoactive molecule, as a neurotransmitter or as an immunomodulator. It plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Hypoxic episodes simulate the production of oxygen free radicals, leading to mitochondrial and phospholipid damage. Upon reperfusion, increased levels of oxygen trigger oxide synthases; whose products are associated with neuronal damage by promoting lipid peroxidation, nitrosylation and excitotoxicity. Molecular pathways in CIRI can be altered by NOS. Neuroprotective effects are observed with eNOS activity. While nNOS interplay is prone to endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, nNOS appears to be detrimental. The interaction between NO and other free radicals develops peroxynitrite; which is a cytotoxic agent. It plays a main role in the likelihood of hemorrhagic events by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Peroxynitrite scavengers are currently being studied as potential targets to prevent hemorrhagic transformation in CIRI.
High Precision Multiple Parameter Measurement Sensor Based on Constitutive Parameters Near-Zero Media
Authors: Li Qiao Yu , Mao Yu Wei , Zhou Yong Jin
Published: December 2024

A high-precision multiple parameter measurement sensor based on constitutive parameters near-zero (CPNZ) media has been proposed, which can effectively and accurately predict changes in temperature and relative humidity simultaneously and independently. The dual-channel microwave sensor is composed of a double doping CPNZ substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity, which has the capability to predict different parameters independently. A multi-input and multi-output model is constructed to improve the measurement accuracy by training back propagation (BP) neural network. The relative error of the predicted temperature is smaller than 1.3%, with mean square error (MSE) of ±0.15. The relative error of the predicted relative humidity is smaller than 8.74%, with MSE of ±0.1. The multiple parameter sensor based on CPNZ materials offers a promising platform for multiple parameter sensing research, providing essential technical support and infrastructure for the development of fields like the Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, and smart cities.
Determining the hybrid diversity between Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) and Wagyu cattle (Bos taurus) breeds using specific microsatellite markers
Authors: JAKARIA JAKARIA , DAIROH DAIROH , SETYANI NI MADE PARAMITA , SUTIKNO SUTIKNO , ULUM MOKHAMAD FAKHRUL , PRIYANTO RUDY
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Jakaria, Dairoh, Setyani NMP, Sutikno, Ulum MF, Priyanto R. 2024. Determining the hybrid diversity between Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) and Wagyu cattle (Bos taurus) breeds using specific microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 25: 3048-3055. This study aimed to determine hybrid diversity between Bali and Wagyu cattle using microsatellite markers. Total blood samples were collected from Bali purebreds (n=32 heifers), Wagyu×Bali crossbreeds, which consist of 2 bulls and 9 heifers (n=11), and Wagyu purebreds (n=6 dams). The four microsatellite markers (INRA035, ILST006, ETH225, and HEL9) were used to determine genetic diversity among cattle populations, which is part of what is recommended by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). GenAlex, CERVUS, MEGA10, UPGMA, and RStudio software were used for data analysis. Thirty-one alleles were identified at the four microsatellite loci used in this study. All identified alleles were polymorphic and informative. This study found 283 bp and 300 bp (ILSTS006) and 139 bp (ETH225), demonstrating the private alleles for Wagyu×Bali crossbreeds; 104 bp (INRA035), 284 bp (ILST006), 155 bp, 159 bp, and 167 bp (ETH225) were private alleles for Bali purebred, while 288 bp (ILST006), 145 bp (ETH225), and 162 bp (HEL9) were private alleles for Wagyu purebred. Based on Neighbor Joining and PCA analysis, the Wagyu purebred exhibited at the different clusters in both Wagyu×Bali crossbred and Bali purebred. These findings highlight that microsatellite markers effectively distinguished between Bali purebred, Wagyu x Bali crossbred, and Wagyu purebred cattle, providing valuable insights for breeding programs tailored to each population.