bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping brown adipose tissue based on fat water fraction provided by Z‐spectral imaging
Authors: Scotti Alessandro , Tain Rong‐Wen , Li Weiguo , Gil Victoria , Liew Chong Wee , Cai Kejia
Published: November 2017

Background

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a great relevance in metabolic diseases and has been shown to be reduced in obesity and insulin resistance patients. Currently, Dixon MRI is used to calculate fat‐water fraction (FWF) and differentiate BAT from white adipose tissue (WAT). However, it may fail in areas of phase wrapping and introduce fat‐water swapping artifacts.

Purpose

To investigate the capacity of the Z‐spectrum imaging (ZSI) for the identification of BAT in vivo.

Study Type

Retrospective study. Specimens: WAT, BAT, and lean tissue from healthy mice. Animals: Four C57BL/6 healthy mice. Population: Five healthy volunteers.

Field Strength

9.4T, 3T for volunteers.

Sequence

Z‐Spectra data were fitted to a model with three Lorentzian peaks reflecting the direct saturation of tissue water (W) and methylene fat (F), and the magnetization transfer from the semi‐solid tissues. The peak amplitudes of water and fat were used to map the FWF. The novel FWF metric was calibrated with an oil and water mixture phantom and validated in specimens, mice and human subjects.

Assessmemt

FWF distribution was compared with published works and values compared with Dixon's MRI results.

Statistical Tests

Comparisons were performed by t‐tests.

Results

ZSI clearly differentiated WAT, BAT, and lean tissues by having FWF = 1, 0.5, and 0, respectively. Calibration with oil mixture phantoms revealed a linear relationship between FWF and the actual fat fraction (R2 = 0.98). In vivo experiments in mice confirmed in vitro results by showing FWF = 0.6 in BAT. FWF maps of human subjects showed the same FWF distribution as Dixon's MRI (P > 0.05). ZSI is independent from B0 field inhomogeneity and fat‐water swapping because both lipid and water frequency offsets are determined simultaneously during Z‐spectral fitting.

Data Conclusion

ZSI can derive artifact‐free FWF maps, which can be used to identify BAT distribution in vivo noninvasively.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1527–1533.
Isolation and characterization of high protein and phycocyanin producing mutants ofArthrospira platensis
Authors: Shirnalli Geeta G. , Kaushik Manish S. , Kumar Ajay , Abraham Gerard , Singh Pawan K.
Published: November 2017

Cyanobacteria are known to exhibit their efficiency in producing high concentrations of compounds of commercial value.Arthrospirais one such cyanobacterium which is considered as important source of protein (65%) and other nutrients. In present study, chemical mutagenesis using N‐methyl‐Ń‐Nitro‐nitrosoguanidine (NTG), a proven potent mutagen for cyanobacteria was used to bring stable and desirable alteration inArthrospira platensisARM 730. Three morphological mutants (G‐1, G‐2, and SF) were selected and characterized. The G‐1 and G‐2 were helical, more bluish in pigmentation than the wild type strain where G‐1 also showed enlarged cell size. The SF mutant was an altered straight‐filament having maximum biomass. Among three mutants, higher protein and phycocyanin contents were observed in G‐1 and G‐2 mutants whereas chlorophyll was less in these mutants as compared to wild type strain indicating change in the pigment ratio. Carotenoid content was higher in SF mutant as compared to wild type and other mutants. Variation in total sugar content was not observed in comparison to wild type strain. The analysis of amino acid spectrum of all the mutants and wild type showed significant increase in proline content. Overall, it is revealed from the results that G‐1 and G‐2 mutants showed higher biomass, phycocyanin, and protein contents in comparison to wild type which indicated their great potential to be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Integrating soft and hard tissues via interface tissue engineering
Authors: Patel Sahishnu , Caldwell Jon‐Michael , Doty Stephen B. , Levine William N. , Rodeo Scott , Soslowsky Louis J. , Thomopoulos Stavros , Lu Helen H.
Published: November 2017

The enthesis, or interface between bone and soft tissues such as ligament and tendon, is prone to injury and often does not heal, even post surgical intervention. Interface tissue engineering represents an integrative strategy for regenerating the native enthesis by functionally connecting soft and hard tissues and thereby improving clinical outcome. This review focuses on integrative and cell‐instructive scaffold designs that target the healing of the two most commonly injured soft tissue‐bone junctions: tendon‐bone interface (e.g., rotator cuff) and ligament‐bone interface (e.g., anterior cruciate ligament). The inherent connectivity between soft and hard tissues is instrumental for musculoskeletal motion and is therefore a key design criterion for soft tissue regeneration. To this end, scaffold design for soft tissue regeneration have progressed from single tissue systems to the emerging focus on pre‐integrated and functional composite tissue units. Specifically, a multifaceted, bioinspired approach has been pursued wherein scaffolds are tailored to stimulate relevant cell responses using spatially patterned structural and chemical cues, growth factors, and/or mechanical stimulation. Moreover, current efforts to elucidate the essential scaffold design criteria via strategic biomimicry are emphasized as these will reduce complexity in composite tissue regeneration and ease the related burden for clinical translation. These innovative studies underscore the clinical relevance of engineering connective tissue integration and have broader impact in the formation of complex tissues and total joint regeneration. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1069–1077, 2018.
Stability of warfarin sodium tablets repackaged in dose administration aids
Authors: Mendes Rugno Caynan , Graan Joseph , Hanna Patrichia , Pelpola Kankanamge Oshani , Sharifi Zaki , Valery Celine , Thrimawithana Thilini R.
Published: November 2017

Background

Dose administration aids (DAAs) are designed to assist patients to better manage their medicines. However, removal of a medicine from the original packaging invalidates the physicochemical stability guaranteed by the manufacturer. A few studies have investigated the stability of warfarin sodium; nevertheless there is no data available to suggest the stability of warfarin sodium in DAAs.

Aim

To determine the stability of warfarin sodium tablets stored in DAAs and original packaging over a period of 8 weeks.

Methods

Tablets were removed from primary packaging and repackaged into DAAs as whole tablets. DAAs and original packs were stored at controlled room temperature (25°C/60% relative humidity (RH)), accelerated (40°C/75% RH) and ‘uncontrolled room temperature’ (19–21°C and 38–50% RH) conditions for up to 8 weeks. The chemical stability was evaluated using a validated high‐performance liquid chromotography method. Tablet hardness was determined using a texture analyser and dissolution profile was determined using a US Pharmacopeia apparatus 2. X‐ray powder diffraction was used to investigate the crystalline structure of warfarin sodium.

Results

There was no significant change in warfarin content at 8 weeks. Tablet hardness increased significantly when stored at accelerated and controlled room temperature conditions. Hardness of tablets stored in original packaging was comparable to that of DAAs at 8 weeks. The dissolution profile of tablets stored in original containers at accelerated conditions for 8 weeks was significantly different to that of baseline.

Conclusions

Repackaging of warfarin sodium tablets into DAAs does not affect the chemical stability. However, tablets should be stored in a cool, dry place to minimise the effects on physical properties.
No flood effect on recruitment in a Louisiana black bear population
Authors: Clark Joseph D. , O'Connell‐Goode Kaitlin C. , Lowe Carrie L. , Murphy Sean M. , Maehr Sutton C. , Davidson Maria , Laufenberg Jared S.
Published: November 2017

A flood event in 2011 had minor impacts on apparent survival and movement probabilities of a small, isolated population of Louisiana black bears (Ursus americanus luteolus) in the Upper Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana, USA. However, the potential effects of the flood on recruitment of juveniles into the population, then listed as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act, were not evaluated. We used hair trapping data collected from 2007 to 2015 and Pradel temporal symmetry models in a robust‐design framework to investigate changes in per capita recruitment that could have resulted from the flood. We detected 91 bears (37 M:54 F) within the flooded area during our study period, ranging from 21 to 44 individuals/year. Models that tested for reduced recruitment resulting from the flood were not supported more than models with constant recruitment, and the population growth rate did not decline. Although we documented marginally lower recruitment following the 2011 flood, lag effects and detectability biases complicated our analysis. We suggest that wildlife managers continue monitoring recruitment and survival in this recently delisted black bear population given the potential for heightened flood frequency and severity in the future. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Reviewing our options: Managing water‐limited soils for conservation and restoration
Authors: Hobley Eleanor , Garcia‐Franco Noelia , Hübner Rico , Wiesmeier Martin
Published: November 2017

The Food and Agriculture Organization considers around a quarter of global land to be degraded. Of particular concern are threats to soils in water‐limited regions, which are critical to food and economic security in countries across the globe but are under increasing pressure due to human use and climatic forcing. These soils have been used to feed and provide resources and services to human societies for millennia, with earliest land‐uses dating back to prehistoric times. With the adoption of modern, frequently unsuitable agricultural practices combined with the population pressures and shifting consumption patterns, soils in water‐limited regions have come under threat, resulting in degradation and in worst‐case scenarios, desertification. Here, we review the current state of soils in water‐limited environments and provide a guide to management for conservation and restoration of these fragile soils. Options to manage specific threats to soil functionality, namely, erosion, soil salinity, loss of functionality due to landscape homogenization, degradation of soil organic matter, and climate vulnerability are presented for specific land‐uses using a whole‐system approach management framework.
10‐Channel Mode (de)multiplexer with Dual Polarizations
Authors: Dai Daoxin , Li Chenlei , Wang Shipeng , Wu Hao , Shi Yaocheng , Wu Zhihang , Gao Shiming , Dai Tingge , Yu Hui , Tsang Hon‐Ki
Published: November 2017

A dual‐polarization 10‐channel mode (de)multiplexer is proposed and realized with cascaded dual‐core adiabatic tapers on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) platform. The mode demultiplexer has a 2.3 μm‐wide multimode bus waveguide, which supports six mode‐channels of TE polarization and four mode‐channels of TM polarization. These ten mode‐channels are (de)multiplexed with five cascaded dual‐core adiabatic tapers based on SOI nanowires. The widths for these dual‐cores are chosen optimally according to the dispersion curves of the dual‐core SOI nanowire, so that the desired highest‐order modes of TE‐ and TM‐polarizations are extracted simultaneously. These two extracted mode‐channels are coupled very efficiently to the fundamental modes of TE‐ and TM‐polarizations (TE0 and TM0) in the narrow waveguide, respectively, which are then separated by using a polarization beam splitter based on bent directional couplers. A chip consisting of a pair of 10‐channel mode (de)multiplexers is fabricated and then tested with data transmission of 30Gbps/channel. The measurement results show that all TM‐ and TE mode‐channels have low crosstalks (–15∼–25 dB) and low excess losses (0.2∼1.8 dB) over a broad wavelength band of ∼90 nm, which makes it WDM (wavelength‐division‐multiplexing)‐compatible and thus suitable for high capacity on‐chip optical interconnects.
Photon Upconversion Kinetic Nanosystems and Their Optical Response
Authors: Liu Haichun , Huang Kai , Valiev Rashid R. , Zhan Qiuqiang , Zhang Yong , Ågren Hans
Published: November 2017

Lanthanide‐doped photon upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are capable of converting low‐intensity near‐infrared light to UV and visible emission through the synergistic effects of light excitation and mutual interactions between doped ions. UCNPs have attracted strong interest as unique spectrum converters and found a multitude of applications in areas like biomedical imaging, energy harvesting and information technology. UCNPs are distinct from many other types of luminescent materials in terms of the involvement of a host lattice and multiple optical centers, i.e., trivalent lanthanide ions with manyfolds of accessible long‐lived energy states, in individual nanoparticles. The mutual interactions between these optical centers, i.e., sequential energy transfers, make them operate as an integrated unit and co‐determine the luminescence kinetics and other optical properties of the individual nanoparticle. Thus, each nanoparticle consititutes a kinetic optical system. In this work, we explore UCNPs from the outset of being such kinetic optical systems and review their physical formation, the underlying photophysics, macroscopic statistical description, and their response to various optical stimuli in the spectral, polarization, intensity, temporal and frequency domains, and demonstrate ways that their optical output can be optimized by manipulating the excitation schemes. Our review highlights upconversion nanotechnology as an interdisciplinary field across chemistry, physics and biomedical engineering, with great future possibilities, flexibility and ramifications. We outline some of the potential directions of upconversion nanoparticle research.
Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities on Lie groups of polynomial growth
Authors: Yacoub Chokri
Published: November 2017

In the setting of a Lie group of polynomial volume growth, we derive inequalities of Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg type, where the weights involved are powers of the Carnot–Caratheodory distance associated with a fixed system of vector fields which satisfy the Hörmander condition.

The use of weak spaces is crucial in our proofs and we formulate these inequalities within the framework of Lorentz spaces (a scale of (quasi)‐Banach spaces which extend the more classical Lebesgue spaces) thereby obtaining a refinement of, for instance, Sobolev and Hardy–Sobolev inequalities.
Granular information retrieval using neighborhood systems
Authors: El Barbary O. G. , Salama A. S. , Atlam El Sayed
Published: November 2017

With the rapid growth of the amount of information stored on networks such as the internet, it is more difficult for information seekers to retrieve relevant information. This paper illustrates the design and improvement of a near neighborhood approach of information retrieval system to facilitate domain specific search. In exacting, a novel model depending on the notion of neighborhood system designed to rank documents according the searchers specific granularity requirements. The initial experiments confirm that our approach outperforms a classical vector‐based information retrieval system. Our research work opens the door to the design and development of the next generation of internet search engines to alleviate the problem of information overload using more topological concepts.
Fractional evolution equations and applications
Authors: Aparcana Aldryn , Cuevas Claudio , Henríquez Hernán , Soto Herme
Published: November 2017

This work addresses the study of the Lp‐boundedness and compactness of abstract linear and nonlinear fractional integro‐differential equations. The analysis is performed for the whole range of values of p, ie,
. In addition, theoretical results are complemented with illustrating particular cases of systems modeled by fractional evolution equations as heat conduction problems and problems arising in the theory of viscoelastic materials.
Lie symmetries of a system arising in plasma physics
Authors: Charalambous K. , Sophocleous C.
Published: November 2017

Lie group classification for a diffusion‐type system that has applications in plasma physics is derived. The classification depends on the values of 5 parameters that appear in the system. Similarity reductions are presented. Certain initial value problems are reduced to problems with the governing equations being ordinary differential equations. Examples of potential symmetries are also presented.
A practical approach to R0 in continuous‐time ecological models
Authors: Barril C. , Calsina À. , Ripoll J.
Published: November 2017

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions in linear models of population dynamics by means of the basic reproduction number R0. Our aim is to give a practical approach to the computation of the basic reproduction number in continuous‐time population models structured by age and/or space. The procedure is different depending on whether the density of newborns per time unit and the density of population belong to the same functional space or not. Three infinite‐dimensional examples are illustrated: a transport model for a cell population, a model of spatial diffusion of individuals in a habitat, and a model of migration of individuals between age‐structured local populations. For each model, we have highlighted the possible advantages of computing R0 instead of the Malthusian parameter.
Resveratrol Ameliorates the Severity of Fibrogenesis in Mice with Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Xia Yixuan , Xiao Hai‐Tao , Liu Kanglun , Zhang Hong‐Jie , Tsang Siu Wai
Published: November 2017

Scope

Resveratrol is generally considered beneficial to health‐span and longevity since this dietary stilbenoid has been scrutinized for its activating property on the “rescue gene” sirtuin‐1 that promotes cellular survival under stress. In addition to its antiaging property, our previous in vitro studies revealed that resveratrol notably inhibits the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the classic effector cells against pancreatic injury.

Objective

We aim to extrapolate resveratrol intervention to the management of fibrogenesis in mice with chronic pancreatitis.

Methods and results

C57/BL6 mice are given repetitive injections of cerulein (50 μg kg–1 h–1) for 6 weeks for the induction of chronic pancreatitis. We demonstrate that the oral administration of resveratrol (20 mg kg–1 d–1) effectively attenuated PSC activation, ECM deposition, fibrogenesis, and acinar atrophy in the pancreatitic parenchyma of cerulein‐induced mice, as the damage index score was improved by 45.5%. The enhanced cell survival and preserved acinar integrity by resveratrol plausibly involves a perpetuated nuclear accumulation of Mist1 and a negative modulation of the Akt and p38 MAPK pathways.

Conclusion

We suggest that resveratrol is potentially a nutraceutical for the mitigations of pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis for which no effective therapeutic measure is currently available.
Free‐breathing abdominal MRI improved by repeated k‐t‐subsampling and artifact‐minimization (ReKAM)
Authors: Chu Mei‐Lan , Chang Hing‐Chiu , Chung Hsiao‐Wen , Bashir Mustafa R. , Cai Jing , Zhang Lei , Sun Duohua , Chen Nan‐kuei
Published: November 2017

Purpose

We report an approach, termed Repeated k‐t‐subsampling and artifact‐minimization (ReKAM), for removing motion artifacts in free‐breathing abdominal MRI. The method is particularly valuable for challenging patients who may not hold their breath for a long time or have irregular respiratory rate.

Methods

The ReKAM framework comprises one acquisition module and two reconstruction modules. A fast MRI sequence is used to repeatedly acquire multiple sets of k‐t space data. Motion artifacts are then minimized by two reconstruction modules: (a) a bootstrapping module in k‐t‐space is used to identify a low‐artifact image; (b) a constrained reconstruction module that integrates projection onto convex set (POCS) and multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE), termed POCSMUSE, is applied to further remove residual artifact. The ReKAM framework is compatible with different pulse sequences, and generally applicable to irregular data sampling patterns in k‐space. Free‐breathing fast spin‐echo MRI data, acquired from healthy volunteers and patients, were used to evaluate the developed ReKAM method.

Results

Experimental results show that the ReKAM technique can produce high‐quality free‐breathing images with the artifact levels comparable to that of breath‐holding MRI.

Conclusion

The ReKAM framework improves the quality of free‐breathing abdominal MRI data, and is compatible with various MRI pulse sequences.
An inductively coupled ultra‐thin, flexible, and passive RF resonator for MRI marking and guiding purposes: Clinical feasibility
Authors: Alipour Akbar , Gokyar Sayim , Algin Oktay , Atalar Ergin , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a wireless, flexible, ultra‐thin, and passive radiofrequency‐based MRI resonant fiducial marker, and to validate its feasibility in a phantom model and several body regions.

Methods

Standard microfabrication processing was used to fabricate the resonant marker. The proposed marker consists of two metal traces in the shape of a square with an edge length of 8 mm, with upper and lower traces connected to each other by a metalized via. A 3T MRI fiducial marking procedure was tested in phantom and ex vivo, and then the marker's performance was evaluated in an MRI experiment using humans. The radiofrequency safety was also tested using temperature sensors in the proximity of the resonator.

Results

A flexible resonator with a thickness of 115 μm and a dimension of 8 × 8 mm was obtained. The experimental results in the phantom show that at low background flip angles (6–18°), the resonant marker enables precise and rapid visibility, with high marker‐to‐background contrast and signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement of greater than 10 in the vicinity of the marker. Temperature analysis showed a specific absorption ratio gain of 1.3. Clinical studies further showed a successful biopsy procedure using the fiducial marking functionality of our device.

Conclusions

The ultra‐thin and flexible structure of this wireless flexible radiofrequency resonant marker offers effective and safe MR visualization with high feasibility for anatomic marking and guiding at various regions of the body. Magn Reson Med 80:361–370, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A multicenter, retrospective medical record review of X‐linked myotubular myopathy: The recensus study
Authors: Beggs Alan H. , Byrne Barry J. , De Chastonay Sabine , Haselkorn Tmirah , Hughes Imelda , James Emma S. , Kuntz Nancy L. , Simon Jennifer , Swanson Lindsay C. , Yang Michele L. , Yu Zi‐Fan , Yum Sabrina W. , Prasad Suyash
Published: November 2017

Introduction: X‐linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), characterized by severe hypotonia, weakness, respiratory distress, and early mortality, is rare and natural history studies are few. Methods: RECENSUS is a multicenter chart review of male XLMTM patients characterizing disease burden and unmet medical needs. Data were collected between September 2014 and June 2016. Results: Analysis included 112 patients at six clinical sites. Most recent patient age recorded was ≤18 months for 40 patients and >18 months for 72 patients. Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 3.7 (3.7) months and 54.3 (77.1) months, respectively. Mortality was 44% (64% ≤18 months; 32% >18 months). Premature delivery occurred in 34/110 (31%) births. Nearly all patients (90%) required respiratory support at birth. In the first year of life, patients underwent an average of 3.7 surgeries and spent 35% of the year in the hospital. Discussion: XLMTM is associated with high mortality, disease burden, and healthcare utilization. Muscle Nerve 57: 550–560, 2018
An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for adult neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (ANLUTD)
Authors: Gajewski Jerzy B. , Schurch Brigitte , Hamid Rizwan , Averbeck Márcio , Sakakibara Ryuji , Agrò Enrico F. , Dickinson Tamara , Payne Christopher K. , Drake Marcus J. , Haylen Bernie T.
Published: November 2017

Introduction

The terminology for adult neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (ANLUTD) should be defined and organized in a clinically based consensus Report.

Methods

This Report has been created by a Working Group under the auspices and guidelines of the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardization Steering Committee (SSC) assisted at intervals by external referees. All relevant definitions for ANLUTD were updated on the basis of research over the last 14 years. An extensive process of 18 rounds of internal and external review was involved to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus).

Results

A Terminology Report for ANLUTD, encompassing 97 definitions (42 NEW and 8 CHANGED, has been developed. It is clinically based with the most common diagnoses defined. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in all the different groups involved not only in lower urinary tract dysfunction but additionally in many other medical specialties.

Conclusion

A consensus‐based Terminology Report for ANLUTD has been produced to aid clinical practice and research.
Price and capacity decisions of service systems with boundedly rational customers
Authors: Li Xin , Guo Pengfei , Lian Zhaotong
Published: November 2017

We consider price and capacity decisions for a profit‐maximizing service provider in a single server queueing system, in which customers are boundedly rational and decide whether to join the service according to a multinomial logit model. We find two potential price‐capacity pair solutions for the first‐order condition of the profit‐maximizing problem. Profit is maximized at the solution with a larger capacity, but minimized at the smaller one. We then consider a dynamically adjusting capacity system to mimic a real‐life situation and find that the maximum can be reached only when the initial service rate is larger than a certain threshold; otherwise, the system capacity and demand shrink to zero. We also find that a higher level of customers’ bounded rationality does not necessarily benefit a firm, nor does it necessarily allow service to be sustained. We extend our analysis to a setting in which customers’ bounded rationality level is related to historical demand and find that such a setting makes service easier to sustain. Finally we find that bounded rationality always harms social welfare.
Lost in translation: A sociological study of the role of fundraisers in mediating gift giving in non‐profit organisations
Authors: Alborough Lesley
Published: November 2017

Recent years have seen a significant growth in the technical literature exploring charitable giving and fundraising. However, there is little empirical research on the actual workings of the fundraising process within non‐profit organisations. In this paper, the day‐to‐day practice of fundraising is analysed from a sociological perspective that draws on the theories of the gift proposed by Mauss (), Titmuss (), and colleagues to propose an alternative, more complex giving model to strangers. Using qualitative data drawn from 44 interviews with fundraisers and their colleagues across 14 organisations, this study examines how fundraisers build and maintain long‐term giving relationships with the individuals who provide financial support to non‐profit organisations. Findings suggest that the primary gift giving relationship exists not between the giver and beneficiary but rather between the giver and fundraiser. The fundraiser, in this instance, actively employs tactics of reciprocity to both secure new gifts and ensure that givers continue to support their organisation. In doing so, fundraisers construct a narrative of the donor's imagined direct connection to the beneficiary and their “good gift”. Simultaneously, the fundraiser works with colleagues to construct the idea of the caring, connected, and sacrificial donor as a means to solicit their support in maintaining the continued gifting from these supporters. The paper concludes with a consideration of the ways in which these narrative constructions are incorporated into fundraising and organisational strategies; and two implications for perceptions of the role of philanthropy and fundraising.
“You can try to press different emotional buttons”: The conflicts and strategies of eliciting emotions for fundraisers
Authors: Dean Jon , Wood Rachel
Published: November 2017

In a competitive climate in which charities must increasingly rely on fundraising with the public, emotions such as hope, guilt, and fear are powerful tools that can be used strategically to secure donations or participation. This paper explores data from interviews with 23 fundraisers and voluntary sector workers, managers, and officials, to argue that decisions around how, why, and when to invest in the elicitation of emotion in fundraising are often difficult and conflicted, with some identifying a battle between ethics and effectiveness. We identify 3 key levels of conflict that must be negotiated: at the level of the charity sector, where the emotional ethics particularly of larger charities have been met with some resistance from the public and press; at the level of the organisation itself, where the ethics of representation are often a subject of conflict between fundraising and other departments such as policy; and, finally, at the experiential level of individual fundraisers themselves, who report being routinely internally conflicted around the rights and wrongs of using emotion in their work. A strategic approach to eliciting emotion emerges in the data as a useful way to address some of these areas of conflict, with fundraisers making careful “balancing” decisions about how and with whom to mobilise certain emotions at specific times.
Modern Őmie Women: Virtual Indigeneity and Intimations of Empowerment
Authors: Rohatynskyj Marta
Published: November 2017

The women of Őmie Artists, a cooperative that produces original bark cloth paintings for the global indigenous art market, are described in contemporary ethnographic publications as ranked into a hierarchy of chiefs on the basis of their ‘wisdom’ which is expressed in their paintings. This depiction of the Őmie, who comprise a marginalized population of less than 2000 in Oro Province of Papua New Guinea, is dramatically different from what was known of their culture several decades ago. An assessment of the likelihood of this virtual depiction reflecting the social empowerment of Őmie women is undertaken. Although the impact of missionization and entry into capitalist markets is recognized, it is the interpellation of the art market of the ‘indigenous artist’, working within a traditional mystical tie with the land and the ancestors, which must be seen as precipitating what appears in virtual form an amplification and cultural embellishment of women’s traditional knowledge and practices. This process is foregrounded against the historical change in valuation of women’s cultural contributions by the discipline and the art world.
MYBL1 rearrangements and MYB amplification in breast adenoid cystic carcinomas lacking the MYB–NFIB fusion gene
Authors: Kim Jisun , Geyer Felipe C , Martelotto Luciano G , Ng Charlotte KY , Lim Raymond S , Selenica Pier , Li Anqi , Pareja Fresia , Fusco Nicola , Edelweiss Marcia , Kumar Rahul , Gularte‐Merida Rodrigo , Forbes Andre N , Khurana Ekta , Mariani Odette , Badve Sunil , Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Norton Larry , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Weigelt Britta
Published: November 2017

Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), a rare type of triple‐negative breast cancer, has been shown to be driven by MYB pathway activation, most often underpinned by the MYB–NFIB fusion gene. Alternative genetic mechanisms, such as MYBL1 rearrangements, have been reported in MYB–NFIB‐negative salivary gland AdCCs. Here we report on the molecular characterization by massively parallel sequencing of four breast AdCCs lacking the MYB–NFIB fusion gene. In two cases, we identified MYBL1 rearrangements (MYBL1–ACTN1 and MYBL1–NFIB), which were associated with MYBL1 overexpression. A third AdCC harboured a high‐level MYB amplification, which resulted in MYB overexpression at the mRNA and protein levels. RNA‐sequencing and whole‐genome sequencing revealed no definite alternative driver in the fourth AdCC studied, despite high levels of MYB expression and the activation of pathways similar to those activated in MYB–NFIB‐positive AdCCs. In this case, a deletion encompassing the last intron and part of exon 15 of MYB, including the binding site of ERG‐1, a transcription factor that may downregulate MYB, and the exon 15 splice site, was detected. In conclusion, we demonstrate that MYBL1 rearrangements and MYB amplification probably constitute alternative genetic drivers of breast AdCCs, functioning through MYBL1 or MYB overexpression. These observations emphasize that breast AdCCs probably constitute a convergent phenotype, whereby activation of MYB and MYBL1 and their downstream targets can be driven by the MYB–NFIB fusion gene, MYBL1 rearrangements, MYB amplification, or other yet to be identified mechanisms. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of filler/matrix interphase effects on AC and DC electrical properties of carbon reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Aribou N. , Nioua Y. , Bouknaitir I. , El Hasnaoui M. , Achour M. E. , Costa L.C.
Published: November 2017

This study predicts the effect of the conducting filler/insulating matrix interphase on the electrical properties of two series of percolated systems, differing from the type of carbon black particles mixed in an amine‐cured epoxy matrix, diglycidylic ether of bisphenol F. To take into account the interactions between the conducting filler and the matrix, as well as filler–filler overlapping, we introduce three parameters, characteristic of the interphase zone, such as concentration, conductivity and volume, on the generalized effective medium (GEM) model for DC and AC electrical conductivities. These interphase parameters, characterizing the boundary of the shaded zone between the macromolecular chain and the conducting particles, depend on the filler type and concentration. One output of GEM‐modified model is that it provides a mean to estimate the volume, concentration and intrinsic conductivity of the interphase in a composite by fitting the experimental data over a broad range of frequency. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:346–352, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
The safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children and adolescents 2 through 17 years of age: A Vaccine Safety Datalink study
Authors: Daley Matthew F. , Clarke Christina L. , Glanz Jason M. , Xu Stanley , Hambidge Simon J. , Donahue James G. , Nordin James D. , Klein Nicola P. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Naleway Allison L. , Jackson Michael L. , Lee Grace , Duffy Jonathan , Weintraub Eric
Published: November 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in children 2 through 17 years of age.

Methods

The study was conducted in 6 large integrated health care organizations participating in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). Trivalent LAIV safety was assessed in children who received LAIV between September 1, 2003 and March 31, 2013. Eighteen pre‐specified adverse event groups were studied, including allergic, autoimmune, neurologic, respiratory, and infectious conditions. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for each adverse event, using self‐controlled case series analyses. For adverse events with a statistically significant increase in risk, or an IRR > 2.0 regardless of statistical significance, manual medical record review was performed to confirm case status.

Results

During the study period, 396 173 children received 590 018 doses of LAIV. For 13 adverse event groups, there was no significant increased risk of adverse events following LAIV. Five adverse event groups (anaphylaxis, syncope, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, adverse effect of drug, and respiratory failure) met criteria for manual medical record review. After review to confirm cases, 2 adverse event groups remained significantly associated with LAIV: anaphylaxis and syncope. One confirmed case of anaphylaxis was observed following LAIV, a rate of 1.7 per million LAIV doses. Five confirmed cases of syncope were observed, a rate of 8.5 per million doses.

Conclusions

In a study of trivalent LAIV safety in a large cohort of children, few serious adverse events were detected. Anaphylaxis and syncope occurred following LAIV, although rarely. These data provide reassurance regarding continued LAIV use.
An overview on properties and applications of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)–PBAT based composites
Authors: Ferreira Filipe V. , Cividanes Luciana S. , Gouveia Rubia F. , Lona Liliane M.F.
Published: November 2017

There is growing interest in biodegradable polymers (BP), in particular poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), due to environmental problems associated with the disposal of non‐biodegradable polymers into the environment. However, high production cost and low thermo‐mechanical properties restrict the use of this sustainable material, making its biodegradability advantageous only when it is decisively required. The addition of different compositions of monomers and selective addition of natural fillers have been reported as alternatives to develop more accessible PBAT‐based bioplastics with performance that could match or even exceed that of the most widely used commodity plastics. This review explores the recent progress of the applications and biodegradation of PBAT. The addition of natural fillers and its effect on the final performance of the PBAT‐based composites is also reported with respect to improving the properties of composites. The advance of polymerization reaction engineering combined with sustainable trend offers great opportunities for innovative green chemical manufacturing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E7–E15, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
The Increment of Social Axioms over Broad Personality Traits in the Prediction of Dyadic Adjustment: An Investigation across Four Ethnic Groups
Authors: Iliescu Dragos , Dincă Margareta , Bond Michael Harris
Published: November 2017

This study investigates the relationship between personality, social axioms, and dyadic adjustment. A sample of 420 participants (210 heterosexual couples), approximately evenly distributed between four ethnic backgrounds (Romanian, Hungarian, German, and Rroma), was investigated in a cross–sectional approach with the Romanian versions of the Social Axioms Survey, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. The analyses were based on the actor–partner interdependence model. The results showed that social axioms show incremental validity over personality traits in the prediction of dyadic adjustment, attesting to the usefulness of a worldview measure in predicting interpersonal outcomes over and above that provided by a measure of personality. Three of the five dimensions of social axioms were associated with dyadic adjustment, with either actor or partner effects. A few significant differences have been found between the various ethnic groups on effects of the social axioms on dyadic adjustment: The positive actor effect of reward for application is not visible for German men, the negative partner effect of social cynicism is not detectable for Rroma men, and the negative partner effect of social complexity is not visible for Rroma women. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
Personality traits such as neuroticism and disability predict psychological distress in medically unexplained symptoms: A three‐year experience from a single centre
Authors: Menon Vikas , Shanmuganathan Balasubramanian , Thamizh Jaiganesh Selvapandian , Arun Anand Babu , Kuppili Pooja Patnaik , Sarkar Siddharth
Published: November 2017

Background

People with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) may have psychological co‐morbidities.

Aims

Our objectives were to assess the rates and identify correlates of psychological distress in MUS.

Methods

A total of 171 subjects with MUS seeking treatment at a tertiary care facility were assessed over a 3‐year period. Psychological distress was assessed using the Tamil version of General Health Questionnaire‐12. Apart from socio‐demographic factors, personality, coping, perceived social support and subjective disability were assessed using standard instruments.

Results

Ninety subjects (52.6%) endorsed symptoms of psychological distress. MUS subjects with psychological distress reported higher levels of neuroticism (p < 0.001), lower extraversion (p < 0.001), lower perceived social support (p = 0.002), higher disability (p < 0.001), lower problem focused engagement (p = 0.378) and higher emotion focused engagement (p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, high neuroticism scores (odds ratio 1.579, 95% CI 1.108 to 2.251) and high disability (odds ratio 1.302, 95% CI 1.147 to 1.478) emerged as independent predictors of psychological distress in MUS.

Conclusion

More than half of subjects with MUS have associated psychological distress. High levels of neuroticism and disability are potential markers of psychological distress in MUS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dithienosilole–phenylquinoxaline‐based copolymers with A‐D‐A‐D and A‐D structures for polymer solar cells
Authors: Keshtov Mukhamed L. , Khokhlov Alexei R. , Kuklin Sergei A. , Nikolaev Alexander Yu , Koukaras Emmanuel N. , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: November 2017

Two copolymers having D‐A‐D‐A (P1) and D‐A (P2) structures with quinoxaline acceptor unit and dithienosilole donor unit were synthesized and their optical and electrochemical (both experimental and theoretical) properties were investigated. The optical properties showed that these copolymers P1 and P2 exhibit optical bandgaps of 1.54 and 1.62 eV, respectively, with broader absorption profiles extending up to 800 nm and 770 nm, respectively. The electrochemical investigation of these two copolymers indicates that they exhibit suitable highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels for efficient exciton dissociation and high open circuit voltage in the resultant polymer solar cells (PSCs). These copolymers were used as donors along with the PC71BM as acceptor for the fabrication of solution processed bulk heterojunction PSCs. The optimized P1:PC71BM and P2:PC71BM active layers treated with solvent vapor treatment showed overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.16% and 6.57%, respectively. The higher PCE of P1‐based device as compared to P2 might be attributed to higher crystallinity of P1 and good hole mobility resulting more balanced charge transport. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 376–386
Extension rate of the straight jet in electrospinning of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) solutions in dimethylformamide: Influences of flow rate and applied voltage
Authors: Wang Yu , Hashimoto Takeji , Li Chang‐Chou , Li Yang‐Cheng , Wang Chi
Published: November 2017

In the electrospinning process, the measurement of extension rate of the straight jet is not an easy task. In this study, the diameter profile of the tapering straight jet is determined with a laser light‐scattering technique. Afterwards, the jet extension rate () is derived and used to compare with the solution‐intrinsic rates, for example, the terminal relaxation rate and the Rouse relaxation rate. The extension rate of the straight jet depends on position: it is highest near the cone apex (region I) and decays to a constant value in the major jet (region II) until approaching the jet end (region III), at which the extension rate abruptly drops to nearly zero, that is,I>II≫III∼ 0. The jet diameter in region III is independent of solution concentration and applied voltage, but is scaled to the flow rate with an exponent of ∼0.37. The derived exponent is consistent with a simple prediction based on the counterbalance between the stretching electric force and the compressive force induced by the air drag force. Provided that air friction becomes overwhelming at the straight jet end, the long electrified jet is likely to buckle, thereby triggering the instability of jet whipping. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2018,56, 319–329
Plasma agriculture: A rapidly emerging field
Authors: Puač Nevena , Gherardi Matteo , Shiratani Masaharu
Published: November 2017

Obtaining high yields in agricultural production is essential due to the world's population growth and increased food demand. At the same time, adverse effects of agriculture on the environment need to be kept to a minimum. Low temperature plasmas (LTPs) show promise as efficient green technologies for enhancing productivity while maintaining good food quality and safety in the many steps of the food cycle. As a result, applications of LTPs in agriculture have led to creation of a new, rapidly developing field called “plasma agriculture.” Here, we briefly overview the state‐of‐the‐art of LTP applications in the complete food cycle, that is, in treatments of seeds, plants, and food.
Differential Proteomic Analysis Reveals Protein Networks and Pathways that May Contribute to Helicobacter pylori FKBP‐Type PPIase‐Associated Gastric Diseases
Authors: Zhu Yanmei , Gong Yuehua , Li Aodi , Chen Moye , Kang Dan , Liu Jun , Yuan Yuan
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Though Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been classified as class I carcinogen, key virulence factor generated by H. pylori that causes gastric cancer remains to be fully determined. Recently, we identified a gastric cancer‐associated H. pylori gene, peptidylprolyl isomerase‐FK506 binding protein (PPIase‐FKBP), and showed that PPIase‐FKBP was capable of inducing oncogenic transformation of gastric epithelial cells. But its mechanism was unclear.

Experimental design

We carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of human gastric epithelial cells that either express PPIase‐FKBP or green fluorescent protein using 2‐DE and then MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS.

Results

Our results identified 28 differentially expressed proteins induced by PPIase‐FKBP. These proteins participate in some cellular biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and DNA replication, mRNA splicing, and protein biosynthesis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis categorized the 28 proteins into two molecular interaction networks, involved primarily in cancer and gastrointestinal diseases.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Our results provided insight on the protein interaction networks and signaling pathways that may contribute to PPIase‐FKBP‐associated gastric diseases and may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms indicating the oncogenic effects of H. pylori PPIase‐FKBP.