bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erwinia rubrifaciens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Erwinia rubrifaciens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Juglans regia
. DISEASE: Bacterial phloem canker of walnut. Dark brown to black streaks form along the inner bark and outer sapwood of trunks and main branches. The cambium is often involved and many black pits are produced in the outer layers of sapwood. Occasionally black streaks develop in the xylem immediately below. At places the bark is killed outward to the periderm, which breaks at these points and a dark slimy liquid exudes and runs down, staining the surface. In serious cases the streaks coalesce into broad necrotic bands. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (California). TRANSMISSION: Principally by mechanical harvesters. The shaking pads, which cause characteristic wounds, frequently transmit the bacteria (56, 5825). Orchards not mechanically harvested show little disease. The bacteria can be disseminated up to about 6 m by wind and rain, but they are less likely to gain entrance to the phloem by this route, and the trees are more difficult to infect in the winter, when rains fall (52, 4235). Birds that feed on the sap are suspected of transmitting the disease, as it is found associated with their holes, but the organism has not been found on the birds.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor E. H. , Bradbury J. F. , Preece T. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On begonias. Reiger-type are most susceptible, but the disease is also reported on rhizomatous, fibrous, tuberous and winter flowering hybrid varieties (Harri
et al.
, 1975; 54, 3343). DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and leaf spot of begonias. Symptoms first appear as small isolated spots, most easily seen on the undersides of the leaves concentrated near the margins. The spots run parallel to main veins. They enlarge, become water-soaked and eventually coalesce if conditions are very moist. The result is a soft rot often leading to premature abscission of the leaves. The stems are also affected and vascular systems invaded (Digat & Vidalie 1975; 54, 3343). Blossom infection occurs (54, 3343) and young cuttings are affected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Rather scattered. Present in Canada, USA, St. Vincent, Brazil, parts of Western Europe, India, Japan, Iran, Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 413, ed. 2, 1980). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen can survive in host plants during periods of latency (Digat & Vidalie, 1975) and in dead begonia leaf debris for at least 12 months (54, 878). The bacteria are carried from plant to plant at watering, either by splashing or being taken in through the roots (Harri
et al.
, 1975). Entry into the plant is also through the hydathodes of the leaf margins (54, 3343; Digat & Vidalie, 1975), or less frequently through stomata under conditions of water congestion (Stann. 1961).
Penicillium brevicompactum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Penicillium brevicompactum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Found on dried pulses and cereals (Pitt & Hocking, 1985). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, as a soil species and in decaying vegetation in many areas.
Penicillium camembertii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Penicillium camembertii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Found mainly on cheese (Beuchat, 1987). DISEASES: On man:
P. camembertii
has been implicated in cheese-washers disease (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Only found in the local environment where soft cheeses are made.
Inocybe cervicolor
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu Roland
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Inocybe cervicolor
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ectomycorrhizal, under conifers and deciduous trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe. TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Mortierella hyalina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Mortierella hyalina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: From soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Antarctica, Australia, Canada, China, Corsica, France, Germany, India, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, USA (Oregon). TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Mucor amphibiorum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Mucor amphibiorum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Toads (
Bufo marinus
) and platypus (
Ornithorhychus anatinus
); also isolated from soil. DISEASE: Zygomycosis and ulcerative dermatitis (i.e. mycoses). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia. TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Mucor plumbeus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Mucor plumbeus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: From grain and soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, USA (California, New Jersey, New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania), former USSR, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Cercospora mikaniicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora mikaniicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Mikania cordata, Mikania micrantha
(
Asteraceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot and stem canker. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cuba, Colombia, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, USA (Florida), Vanuatu. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are presumably air-dispersed but there are no detailed studies.
Pseudocercospora jasminicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora jasminicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Jasminum grandiflorum, J. humile, J. pubescens, J. malabaricum, J. mesnyi, J. multiforum, J. odoratissimum, J
.
officinale, J. rigidum, J. sambac, J. subtriplinerve
(
Oleaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf blight, leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Guatemala, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Philippines, Salvador, Taiwan, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.
Pseudocercospora neriella
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora neriella
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Nerium indicum, Nerium oleander
(
Apocynaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Cyprus, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Israel, Russia, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tunisia, USA (Florida), Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.
Pseudocercospora punicae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora punicae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Punica granatum
(pomegranate) (
Punicaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot, shot-hole. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bermuda, Brazil, China, Cuba, Dominica, Egypt, Ethiopia, Hawaii, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Republic of Maldives, Singapore, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, USA (Florida), Venezuela, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersal of conidia.
Pseudocercospora rhapidicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora rhapidicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Rhapis excelsa, R. flabelliformis
(
Arecaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Taiwan, USA (California, Florida and Hawaii). TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.
Fusarium nygamai
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Fusarium nygamai
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Typically isolated from soil, roots of sorghum, millet, cotton,
Phaseolus
, etc. and plant debris. Reported to infect
Striga hermonthica
in sorghum (Abbasher & Sauerborn, 1992). DISEASE: Not normally regarded as an economic plant pathogen, although it may cause reduction in
Striga
population levels. Occasionally an opportunistic pathogen of humans (Krulder
et al.
, 1996). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe; Australasia: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territories), China (76, 4386), Malaysia (Salleh & Strange, 1988), Thailand; Americas: Puerto Rico, USA (75, 7565; 76, 6666). This species appears to be widespread in arid, tropical soils. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris.
Coccomyces tumidus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Coccomyces tumidus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Coccomyces tumidus
is found on dead fallen leaves which are often beneath the surface of the leaf litter, and which often adhere to other adjacent leaves (making it, incidentally, rather infrequently recorded, although it seems to be not rare). Sometimes one or perhaps more other fungi are also present in the same pale areas. HOSTS: Leaves of
Acer
sp.,
Betula
sp.,
Castanea sativa, Castanea
sp.,
Fagus sylvatica, Fagus
sp.,
Gaultheria shallon, Populus tremula, P. tremuloides, Populus
sp.,
Quercus faginea, Q. garryana, Q. pedunculata, Q. rubra, Q. sessiliflora, Quercus
sp.,
Rubus setosus, Rubus
sp. (stem). Most records are on members of the
Fagaceae
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Belgium, Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario), Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Morocco, Poland, Rumania, Sweden, UK (England, Wales), USA (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Virginia, Washington). Several unsuccessful searches for this fungus in southern Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, most records of open ascocarps containing ascospores are from late summer and early autumn, suggesting that the fungus only infects senescent leaves just prior to natural leaf fall.
Rhytisma umbonatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Rhytisma umbonatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Tarspot disease of willows. Compared with
Rhytisma salicinum
(IMI Description 1339) very little information is available about the time of fruiting of this species, though it is probably rather similar. HOSTS: Leaves of
Salix caspica, Salix exigua, Salix fluviatilis, Salix longifolia, Salix purpurea, Salix viminalis, Salix
sp.
Rhytisma umbonatum
seems to occur mostly on the rather narrow-leaved willows. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Czech Republic, Republic of Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India (Himachal Pradesh), Italy, Latvia, Rumania, Russia (Orenburg Oblast), USA (Washington. Wyoming), Ukraine. Altitude records exist up to 2700m (India) and 2200m (USA). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Leptosphaeria protearum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Leptosphaeria protearum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea caffra, P. cynaraides, P. compacta, P. gaguedi, P. grandiceps, P. lacticolor, P. lepidocarpodendron, P. lorifolia, P. magnifica, P. punctata, P. repens, Protea
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot often resembling a leaf blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Hawaii. TRANSMISSION: Propagules are probably wind and splash dispersed.
Teratosphaeria proteae-arboreae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Teratosphaeria proteae-arboreae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea nitida, P. neriifolia, P. maginigica
hybrid. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Probably wind dispersed.
Trimmatostroma macowanii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Trimmatostroma macowanii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea angolensis, P. nitida, P. petiolaris, Protea
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: Probably splash-dispersed.
Meliola guatteriae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Meliola guatteriae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although
Meliola guatteriae
occurs on living leaves, it does not produce symptoms of any disease in the host. HOSTS:
Guatteria cubensis
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cuba. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Meliola trichostroma
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Meliola trichostroma
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Meliola trichostroma
parasitizes a cultivated plant very frequent in tropical America, but without the production of evident symptoms of any disease in the host. HOSTS:
Psidium araca, P. guajava, P. guineense, P. pomiferum
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Valsa cypri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Valsa cypri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Little is known about the relation between this fungus and the plants it inhabits. Like the two subspecies of
V. ambiens
, also recorded from the Oleaceae this fungus may occasionally be found on dying twigs and therefore may have some role as a weak parasite. HOSTS: Oleaceae:
Fraxinus, Ligustrum, Olea, Syringa
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia. Europe: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially under humid conditions.
Microsphaera palczewskii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Heluta V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Microsphaera palczewskii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of ornamental plants. Mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata form a covering of damaged green parts of the host which is first white, then dirty-grey. Infected part lose their shape. If infection levels are high, the plants may lose their ornamental qualities. HOSTS:
Caragana arborescens, C. boisii, C. brevispina, C. decorticans, C. fruticosa, C. manchurica, C. microphylla, C. mollis, C. spinosa, C. ussuriensis, Robinia pseudacacia
. [Type species -
Caragana arborescens
] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (temperate areas only): China, Kazakhstan, Russia (Altai, Russian far east, southern Siberia), Turkmenistan. Europe (introduced): Belarus, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, Russia (European part), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease. Infection can however also be through colonies surviving in host buds.
Meliola carapae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Meliola carapae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Meliola carapae
apparently does not produce symptoms of any disease. HOSTS:
Carapa procera, C. guianensis
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ghana, Sierra Leone. Caribbean: Cuba. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Stigmina millettiae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Stigmina millettiae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing
irregular
, often confluent, grey to dark brown, yellow-margined leaf spots. HOSTS:
Derris robusta, D. scandens, Mezoneurum cucullatum, Millettia aciculiformis, M. auriculata, M. pachycarpa, Rubia tomentosa
. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: India, Nepal.
Stigmina sapii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Stigmina sapii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing dark brown, often angular, leaf spots; the leaves may turn yellow and fall prematurely. HOSTS:
Sapium sebiferum
(syn.
Stillingia sebifera
). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Hong Kong, 'Indo China'.
Lachnellula fuscosanguinea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Lachnellula fuscosanguinea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism (it is associated with branch and twig cankers, but also dead needles, twigs and branches and, exceptionally, scales of fallen cones), its transmission, physiological specialization, geographical distribution (Canada (British Columbia), USA (California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Korea Republic, Andorra, Austria, (?)Estonia, Finland, Germany, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) and hosts (
Juniperus communis
and
Pinus
spp.).
Lachnellula resinaria
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Lachnellula resinaria
. This species is found on cankers and on resin of cankers on dead branches. Whilst this species has been reported as pathogenic on Pinaceae in the former Soviet Union, it is generally regarded as a saprobe or opportunistic, but weak, parasite. Information is included on its transmission, geographical distribution (Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba), USA (Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island), Republic of Georgia, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, (?)Estonia, Germany, UK, Hungary, Norway, Slovakia and Sweden) and hosts (
Abies
spp.,
Larix
spp.,
Picea
spp.,
Pinus
spp.,
Pseudotsuga taxifolia
[
Pseudotsuga menziesii
] and
Tsuga canadensis
).
Meliola hyptidis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
M. hyptidis
. Information on symptoms of the disease caused by this fungus, hosts (
Coleus
sp.,
Hoslundia opposita, H. oppositifolia, Hyptis capitata, H. suaveolens, Hyptis
sp.,
Leucas
sp.,
Ocimum gratissimum, O. viride, Ocimum
sp.,
Platystoma africana, Plectranthus ciliatus
and
Stachys
sp.), geographical distribution (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Brazil, Venezuela and Philippines), and transmission is included.
Meliola malacotricha
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
M. malacotricha
. Information on the disease caused by this fungus, hosts (
Aniseia uniflora
[
A. martinicensis
],
Argyreia
spp.,
Bonamia
spp.,
Breweria
[
Bonamia
] sp.,
Calonyction
spp.,
Dichondra
spp.,
Hewittia
spp.,
Ipomoea
spp.,
Jacquemontia pentantha, Lepistemon
spp.,
Merremia
spp.,
Neuropeltis
sp.,
Operculina populifolia, Porana
spp.,
Rivea corymbosa
and
Stictocardia
spp.), geographical distribution (Democratic Republic of Congo; Ghana; Kenya; Sierra Leone; Tanzania; Uganda; Mexico; Florida, USA; Costa Rica; Honduras; Panama; Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil; Guyana; Paraguay; Venezuela; Hainan, China; Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and West Bengal, India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; St. Vincent; and Trinidad and Tobago), and transmission is included.
Meliola simillima
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Meliola simillima
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism that can cause reduced photosynthetic capability in severe infections. Some information is given on its transmission, geographical distribution (Africa (Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Togo), Asia (Bangladesh, China (Hainan), India (Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka) and Caribbean (Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Jamaica)) and hosts (
Echites brownei, Echites
sp.,
Hemidesmus indicus, Holarrhena africana
[
Holarrhena floribunda
],
Holarrhena antidysenterica
[
Holarrhena pubescens
],
Holarrhena wulfsbergii, Holarrhena
sp.,
Rauwolfia
[
Rauvolfia
]
nitida, R. vomitoria, Wrightia javanica
[
W. pubescens
],
W. lanitii
[
W. pubescens
],
W. pubescens
and
W. tomentosa
[
W. arborea
]).
Anthostomella fuegiana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Anthostomella fuegiana
, a fungus with no known disease reported. Some information is given on its diagnostic features, biology and conservation status, along with details of its transmission, geographical distribution (Argentina, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain and Netherlands) and hosts (
Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum vaginatum, Luzula sylvatica, Luzula
sp.,
Rostkovia grandiflora
and
Rostkovia
sp.).
Polyscytalum fecundissimum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

This paper describes the morphology, anatomy, geographical distribution, diagnostic features, hosts, transmission and pathogenesis of
P. fecundissimum
.
Ramichloridium pini
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

This paper describes the morphology, anatomy, geographical distribution, diagnostic features, hosts, transmission and pathogenesis of
R. pini
.
Elaphomyces granulatus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the hosts, geographical distribution, physiological specialization, transmission and diagnostic features of
E. granulatus
.
Hydnotrya tulasnei
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the hosts, geographical distribution, physiological specialization, transmission and diagnostic features of
H. tulasnei
.
Lichenopeltella pinophylla
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Kirk P. M.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Lichenopeltella pinophylla
comb. nov., which are found on dead pine needles. Details are given of its hosts (
Cupressus
sp.,
Juniperus communis, Juniperus
sp.,
Picea
sp.,
Pinus austriaca, Pinus leucodermis, Pinus nigra
and
Pinus sylvestris
), geographical distribution (USA (Pennsylvania), Austria, Belgium, Irish Republic, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Sweden and Switzerland), transmission, diagnostic features and conservation status.
Lophium mytilinum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Lophium mytilinum
, which are found on dead pine twigs, wood, bark and occasionally leaves. Details are given of its hosts (
Abies
spp.,
Chamaecyparis
sp.,
Juniperus
spp.,
Picea
spp.,
Pinus
spp.,
Pseudotsuga
sp.,
Quercus
sp.,
Razoumofskya
sp.,
Rubus
sp.,
Sequoia
sp. And
Tsuga
sp.), geographical distribution (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec), USA (California, Connecticut, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia and Washington), India, Pakistan, Turkey, Australia, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, UK, Greece, Irish Republic, New Zealand, Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland and Ukraine), transmission, diagnostic features and conservation status.
Microthyrium pinophyllum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Microthyrium pinophyllum
, which are found on dead pine needles. Details are given of its hosts (
Abies lasiocarpa, Cedrus libani, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cryptomeria japonica, Cupressocyparis leylandii, Cupressus lawsoniana, Juniperus communis, Picea
sp.,
Pinus austriaca, Pinus contorta, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus leucodermis, Pinus mugo, Pinus nigra, Pinus radiata, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus thunbergiana
[
P. thunbergii
] and
Pinus wallichiana
), geographical distribution (USA (California, New York and Pennsylvania), Brazil, Chile, India (Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), Austria, Czech Republic, Irish Republic, Germany, UK, Greece, Portugal (Azores) and Sweden), transmission, diagnostic features and conservation status.
Mytilinidion mytilinellum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Mytilinidion mytilinellum
, which are found on dead fallen pine cones. Details are given of its hosts (
Abies balsamea, A. fraseri, A. grandis, A. lasiocarpa, Cryptomeria
sp., Cupressaceae,
Larix decidua, Picea excelsa
Pinophyta,
Pinus contorta, Pinus monticola, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris, Sequoia
sp.,
Sequoiadendron giganteum
and
Thuja plicata
), geographical distribution (Canada (Ontario), USA (Michigan, North Carolina and Washington), South Georgia, New Zealand, Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, UK, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland), transmission, diagnostic features and conservation status.
Mycosphaerella oxyacanthae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella oxyacanthae
, which sometimes causes lesions on leaves of
Crataegus laevigata
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan [Kyrgyzstan], Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Astrakhan oblast, Kursk oblast, Saratov oblast, Stavropolskyi krai, Voronezh oblast), Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine)) and hosts (
Phoma macrostoma, Crataegus ambigua, C. beckeriana, C. chlorocarpa, C. curvisepala
[syn.
C. kyrtostyla
],
C. laevigata
[syn.
C. oxyacantha
],
C. macracantha, C. microphylla, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. pinnatifida, C. remotilobata, C. sanguinea, C. songarica
[
C. songorica
],
C. volgensis
, and
Crataegus
sp.).
Urocystis paridis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Denchev C. M. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Urocystis paridis
, which causes smut in the leaves and stems of
Paris
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (China, Georgia, Japan, Russia (Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Krasnoyar krai, Primorskyi krai), Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Russia (Smolensk oblast), Sweden and Switzerland) and hosts (
Paris quadrifolia, Paris tetraphylla, Paris verticillata
(
Paris hexaphylla
)).
Microbotryum majus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Denchev C. M. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Microbotryum majus
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Georgia, Russia (Krasnoyarsk krai), Turkey, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Moscow oblast, Samara oblast, Saratov oblast, Smolensk oblast), Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland and Ukraine) and hosts (
Silene borysthenica
(
S. parviflora
),
S. densiflora, S. hellmannii
(
Otites graniticola
),
S. otites
,
S.
×
pseudotites, S. roemeri, S, sendtneri, S. wolgensis
and
Silene
sp.).
Radiomyces mexicanus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Kirk P. M. , Benny G. L.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Radiomyces mexicanus
from Mexico. It was isolated once from dung.
Aposphaeria ephedrae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Aposphaeria ephedrae
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Kazakhstan and Ukraine) and hosts (
Ephedra distachya
and
Ephedra intermedia
).
Splanchnonema argus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Splanchnonema argus
. Information on the host plants (
Betula ermanii, B. lenta, B. litwinowii, B. nigra, B. occidentalis, B. papyrifera, B. pendula, B. platyphylla
and
B. pubescens
), geographical distribution (Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario and Saskatchewan, Canada; Alabama, Georgia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Virginia, USA; Japan; Victoria, Australia; Czech Republic; Denmark; France; Georgia; Germany; Italy; Lithuania; Poland; Russia; Sweden; Switzerland; and UK), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.
Splanchnonema scoriadeum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Splanchnonema scoriadeum
. Information on the host range (
Betula ermanii, B. nigra, B. pendula
and
B. populifolia
), geographical distribution (Massachusetts and North Carolina, USA; Russia; Eire; Georgia; Germany; Sweden; and UK), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.
Corollospora novofusca
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Enríquez D. I. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Corollospora novofusca
. Information on the host plants (
Casuarina
sp. and conifers), geographical distribution (Cuba, and Hawaii, USA), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.
Puccinia lojkaiana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
P. lojkaiana
. Information on the transmission of the disease caused by the pathogen is included, along with details on geographical distribution (Canary Islands, Spain; Iran; Iraq; Turkey; Austria; Bulgaria; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Poland; Romania; Slovakia; and Catalonia, Spain) and host plants (including
Ornithogalum arcuatum, O. boucheanum
[
O. nutans
],
O. gussonei, O. narbonense, O. nutans, O. persicum, O. pyramidale
and
O. umbellatum
).
Acrodictys irregularis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Acrodictys irregularis
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) and China (Zhejiang)) and hosts (Poaceae).
Lophiostoma semiliberum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Lophiostoma semiliberum
, which is considered to be a saprobic fungus, colonizing dead plant tissues. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada, Ontario), Asia (Japan), Europe (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
L. semiliberum
is reported most typically from dead culms of
Phragmites australis
, and from a range of other grass hosts.
Lophiostoma caudatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Lophiostoma caudatum
, which is considered to be a saprobic fungus, colonizing dead culm tissues. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Kansas and New York), Asia (China, Xinjiang, and Japan), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK)) and host species belonging to Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Onagraceae, Poaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Urticaceae and Vitaceae.
Pestalotiopsis stevensonii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Pestalotiopsis stevensonii
(syn.
Pestalotia stevensonii
), a colonizer of leaves and less frequently, other aerial parts of conifers, tending to prefer wet temperate regions. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Morocco, USA (New York, Pennsylvania), New Zealand, Austria, Belarus, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, and Ukraine) and hosts (
Abies excelsa
(cone and leaf),
Abies
sp.,
Juniperus communis
(leaf),
Picea abies
(leaf, seedling),
Picea
sp.(leaf),
Pinus banksiana
(leaf),
P. canariensis
,
P. edulis
(leaf),
P. halepensis
(leaf),
P. jeffreyi
(leaf),
P. ponderosa
(leaf),
P. radiata
(leaf),
P. rigida
(leaf),
P. strobus
(leaf),
P. sylvestris
(cone, leaf), and
Pinus
sp.).
Seimatosporium effusum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Seimatosporium effusum
, a colonizer of living branches and twigs of
Lonicera
spp. Some information on its economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden) and hosts (
Lonicera caerulea
(branch, twig) and
L. tatarica
(twig)).
Lopadostoma gastrinum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Lopadostoma gastrinum
, saprobic as a stroma on twigs and small branches within dead bark or on dead wood from which bark has fallen. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco), North America (Canada (Ontario)), USA (Georgia), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK)).
Cerothallia luteoalba
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Cerothallia luteoalba
, a lichen-forming fungus growing on well-lit, sunny trunks of trees with alkaline bark, particularly
Ulmus
spp. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco, South Africa), North America (USA (Colorado, Washington)), Asia (Iran, Israel, Syria), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Azores)), Australasia (Australia (Western Australia)), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)).
Tirmania nivea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Tirmania nivea
, which forms mycorrhizas with a range of flowering plants. Some information on its substrata, habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia), Asia (Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Qatar, Saudi Arabia)).
Picoa juniperi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Picoa juniperi
, which is mycorrhizal with members of the plant family Cistaceae, particularly
Helianthus
species. Some information on its substrata, habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco, Tunisia), Asia (Iran, Israel, Turkey), Europe (Italy, Spain)).
Anthostomella chionostoma
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Anthostomella chionostoma
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria), Asia (India, Uttar Pradesh), Australasia (Australia, Victoria), Europe (France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, UK), North America (USA, New Jersey), South America (Venezuela)) and associated organisms and substrata. No specific information was found about habitats of this species, but they are likely to include grassland, freshwater, margins and woodland. Some members of
Anthostomella
are endobionts for part of their life cycle, but for the present species the time of substratum colonization and nutritional relations with the associated plant have not been established.
Brachydesmiella brasiliensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Brachydesmiella brasiliensis
, a saprobe on dead and decaying legume plants. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Brazil, Bahia)).
Corynesporopsis iberica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Corynesporopsis iberica
, which has been recorded on bark of an unidentified plant. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Portugal)).
Diplococcium verruculosum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Diplococcium verruculosum
, which is only known from rotten leaves. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Brazil (Bahia)) and associated organisms (Plantae).
Helminthosphaeria triseptata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Helminthosphaeria triseptata
, which is apparently saprobic and able to colonize a diverse range of plants, with records from rotten stems, and twigs. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (France, Spain and UK)) and hosts (including
Robinia pseudoacacia
). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Amarenomyces ammophilae
.
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2021

A description is provided for
Amarenomyces ammophilae
, usually found on attached dead leaves and stems of grasses typical of coastal sand ecosystems. Nothing is known about when it colonizes the substratum, but it is saprobic by the time conidiomata and ascomata are produced. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco), North America (USA (Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina)), Antarctica (Macquarie Island), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Ukraine, UK)).
Mycosphaerella musicola
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Mycosphaerella musicola
Mulder. Hosts: Banana (Musa spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao Tome, Sierra Leone, Somali Republic, South Africa, Tanzania (Zanzibar), Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, ASIA, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India (Assam, Madras), Indonesia (Java) (Irian Jaya) (Timor), Laos, Peninsular Malaysia (Sabah) (Sarawak), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen Arab Republic, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gilbert & Ellis Islands, Guam, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Norfolk Islands, Papua New Guinea, Western Samoa, American Samoa, Society Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, US Trust Territory, Wallis Islands, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA (Florida), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Farmosa), Bolivia, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo) (Piaui), Colombia, Ecuador, French, Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.
Mycena citricolor
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Mycena citricolor
(Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. Hosts: Coffee (Coffea spp.) and others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA (Florida), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martiniq, caragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French, Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.
Beet curly top virus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Beet curly top virus
Ball. Hosts: Sugar beet, tomato, beans, etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India (Punjab), Iran, Turkey, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (British Columbia), Mexico, USA (Western), (Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Minnisota, NC, Ohio, Va, Wisconsin), (Michigan), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruquay.
Spongospora subterranea
f.sp.
subterranea
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Spongospora subterranea
(Wallr.) Lagerh. f.sp.
subterranea
. Hosts: Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Malagasy Republic, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Rhodesia, South Africa, Tanzania, ASIA, India, Japan, Lebanon, Sri Lanka (Celyon), Taiwan (Formosa), USSR (Kazakhstan), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Britain & Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (general with crop), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, Peru, Uruquay, Venezuela.
Erwinia stewartii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Erwinia stewartii
[Pantoea stewartii
subsp.
stewartii]
(E.F. Smith) Dye. Hosts: Maize (
Zea mays
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China (Honan), Thailand, Vietnam, EUROPE, Italy, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (Alta) (Ontario), (British Columbia), Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil (Sao Paulo), Guyana, Peru (coast).