bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Kobuviruses in Calves With Acute Gastroenteritis for the First Time in Iran
Authors: Nazaktabar Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Background: Calf diarrhea is an important issue in cattle farms. Although rotavirus A is the primary viral agent causing calf diarrhea, infectious causatives of diarrhea remain unknown in many cases. Bovine kobuviruses are almost newly detected enteric viruses that have not been studied extensively. There is no information about the epidemiology and prevalence of kobuvirus and its importance in calf diarrhea in Iran. Objectives: The molecular epidemiology and phylogeny of kobuviruses were investigated in one-month-old diarrheic calves, and rotavirus A was simultaneously surveyed to find the outbreak rate of the co-infection of both viruses in diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This study investigated 200 fecal diarrheic samples obtained from one-month-old calves using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Samples were collected from rural and industrial cattle farms located in 7 provinces of Iran. The 3D domain of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme of three positive samples from Mazandaran, Fars, and Isfahan provinces was subjected to the phylogenetic study. Results: It was found that 27 specimens are positive for kobuvirus. Although the frequency of rotavirus A detection was 24% (48 out of 200), co-infection was observed in 5 samples. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed a low relationship between the sequenced samples, indicating that the circulating bovine kobuviruses originated from different ancestors. Conclusion: The results showed that bovine kobuvirus with different phylogenetic origins is highly prevalent in cattle farms in Iran. Regarding the low rate of co-infection with rotavirus A, bovine kobuviruses should be considered an important enteric viral agent in calf diarrhea.
Shining a Light on Metal and Nonmetal Biomaterials in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: Illuminating New Frontiers
Authors: Khatami Neda , Zarei Mohammad , Bahadory Saeed
Published: October 2023

In the ever-evolving landscape of cancer treatment, innovative approaches utilizing biomaterials have made remarkable strides. Among these, metal biomaterials have emerged as promising tools in the fight against cancer. The treatment of colorectal cancer, the second most prevalent cancer, faces challenges due to the presence of confounding variables in the colorectal environment and the lack of effective drug delivery. The use of both types of metallic and non-metallic biomaterials has had extremely hopeful consequences in a variety of cancer therapy approaches. The most used biomaterials in the treatment of cancers have been in the form of nanoparticles or nanocylinders, which are used alone or in combination with anticancer drugs. Hence, the present review tried to provide a snapshot of the applications of biomaterials in cancers with an emphasis on colorectal cancer.
Beyond Policy: Strengthening District Level Access to Surgery Is Critical to Achieving Surgical Equity in Universal Health Coverage Comment on "Improving Access to Surgery Through Surgical Team Mentoring – Policy Lessons From Group Model Building With Local Stakeholders in Malawi"
Authors: Henry Jaymie A.
Published: October 2023

District level access to surgical care has been identified as the rate limiting step to increasing access to the bottom billion and relies on a complex interplay of patient-related and system-based factors that underlie the provision of quality surgical care at point of care. Surgical mentoring via visiting teams, use of current proprietary technologies to enhance communication, establishment of a national surgical coordinator and multi-stakeholder engagement with creative cost-sharing have all demonstrated promising results. Regardless of strategic implementation frameworks, system-based thinking coupled with implementation science with practical solutions will be necessary to inform stakeholders on the best way forward in their respective geographic field of work charting a path towards surgical equity in universal health coverage (UHC).
FEATURES OF AUTOLOGOUS FAT GRAFTING FOR BREAST AUGMENTATION IN WOMEN
Authors:   Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Dushanbe, the Republic of Tajikistan, Саидов М. С.
Published: October 2023

The study aims to compare and assess the esthetic results of using autologous fat grafting and silicone implants for breast augmentation in I type ptosis in mammary glands in 29 patients who underwent surgical treatment in the department of rehabilitation surgery of the Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery and the Medical Center for Laser and Plasty Surgery “ORMED” in 2019–2022. The patients included 18 females (I group) who received autologous fat-grafts and 11 females (II group) who received silicone implants, all patients underwent early and long-term ultrasound diagnosis as well as magnetic resonance imaging. In the II group, there were two complications registered in the post-operative period: accumulation of fluid around the implant, which prevented engraftment and formation of the capsule in one woman, and development of capsular contracture detected at the early stage of the onset of the pathological process in the other. Autologous fat grafting demonstrated complete engraftment of transplanted tissues in six patients (75 %). Fat resorption and no effect of surgical intervention were noted in one patient who subsequently received silicone implantation. Further research can help minimize the frequency of adipose tissue lysis, as well as other types of complications that occur following such procedures.
TELAAH ILMIAH INDUSTRI KEUANGAN NON-BANK (INBK) SYARIAH DAN EKSISTENSINYA DI INDONESIA PASCA COVID-19
Authors: Sholiha Imroatus
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine Islamic financial institutions that are included in the Islamic Non-Bank Financial Industry (IKNB) and how they exist in Indonesia after Covid-19. The institutions studied in this study are Islamic insurance, Islamic financing institutions, Islamic pension funds, Islamic special financial services institutions, Islamic micro institutions, and Islamic fintech. The research used literature, namely research by examining several literature related to the issues raised and then reported qualitatively descriptively. The results showed that when the Covid-19 pandemic hit, IKNB Syariah experienced a decline in performance in several sectors, but overall it was still able to survive and grow positively, as evidenced by an increase in assets in 2021 of 4.409 billion from the previous year. Post-covid-19 Sharia IKNB assets in March 2022 amounted to 126.236 billion, an increase in November of 143.971 billion. IKNB Syariah has shown its existence after Covid-19.
PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR), FINANCING TO DEPOSIT RATIO (FDR), NON PERFORMING FINANCING (NPF) TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Norhayati Norhayati
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh CAR, FDR dan NPF terhadap ROA perbankan syariah yang ada di Indonesia. Populasi adalah seluruh perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Sedangkan metode pengambilan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Terdapat 5 bank yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian, yaitu PT. Bank Muamalat, PT. Bank BCA Syariah, PT. Bank Mega Syariah, BTPN Syariah dan Bank Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial CAR, FDR dan ROA tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Sedangkan secara simultan CAR, FDR dan NPF berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PROMOSI BISNIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN VOLUME PENJUALAN DI TOKO AL-FIRDAUS PONDOK PESANTREN SYAICHONA MOH. CHOLIL BANGKALAN
Authors: Rahmat  , Sabil Afif
Published: October 2023

Sale is a type of activity that aims to develop various plans that lead to business activities to meet the needs and desires of buyers or consumers to generate profits. A company will profit greatly if the sales volume obtained is more significant and vice versa. The type of research in this study is a type of qualitative research, the data sources in this study consist of secondary and primary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis used in this study was non-statistical or did not involve numbers/formulas but describing them in writing and reflections. In this study, it can be concluded that the business promotion strategy is increasing sales volume at the Al-Firdaus Pondok Pesantren Syaichona Moh. Cholil applies four patterns of a business promotion strategy, namely face-to-face promotion, advertising promotion, publicity promotion and sales promotion. Business promotion strategy for the Al-Firdaus Shop Islamic Boarding School Syaichona Moh. Cholil has complied with the provisions of Islamic Economics.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM PERSAINGAN BISNIS PASAR DI PT. ASH SHOFWAH GROUP TOUR HAJI DAN TRAVEL
Authors: Moh. Hafid Moh. Hafid , Asmito Asmito , Hasan Khofifurrahman
Published: October 2023

Ash Shofwah Group Tour Hajj and Travel which has an address in the village of Curah Kalak, Jangkar District, Situbondo Regency is required to increase the number of prospective pilgrims and Umrah pilgrims every year. through the treatise above, it is necessary to apply the right marketing strategy considering that in Situbondo Regency there are many agents offering Hajj and travel tour services of the same type as competitors in Market Business competition. to carry out strategic roles and functions is to socialize PT. Ash Shofwah Group Tour Hajj and Travel to prospective pilgrims who have an interest in going to Mecca and Medina. The response in the Situbondo community shows that PT. Ash Shofwah Group Tour Hajj and Travel has not implemented a marketing strategy to the fullest, so that many people still do not properly understand the services offered by Ash Shofwah.
PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM TERHADAP PENETAPAN NISBAH BAGI HASIL TABUNGAN UMUM SYARIAH DI BMT UGT NUSANTARA CAPEM NUSA DUA KEDONGANAN BADUNG BALI
Authors: Hasan Zainol , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Lutfiyah Sri
Published: October 2023

Since the time of Rasulullah SAW, the economy of Muslims has been carried out with contracts that are in accordance with sharia and have become a tradition. Islamic economics is a social science that studies the economic problems of society based on Islamic values. The instrument used to apply sharia principles in the financial sector is the Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT). One of them is BMT UGT Nusantara Sub Branch Nusa Dua. In sharia savings at BMT UGT Nusantara Sub Branch Nusa Dua, the percentages are set from BMT, but the process for taking profit sharing ratios is not explained, so it is not known whether the profit sharing has been fair or not. Based on this phenomenon, the focus of research is how to determine the profit sharing ratio for sharia savings at BMT UGT Nusantara Sub Branch  Nusa Dua? and what is the review from the perspective of Islamic economics?. In this study, researchers used a type of qualitative research. Data collection are observation, interview and documentation. There are three procedures in data analysis techniques, they are:  data reduction, data presentation and data verification. Determination of profit-sharing ratios for sharia savings using a akad musyarakah with a profit sharing of 70% for BMT and 30% for members. The nominal amount of profit-sharing rupiah for each member will differ depending on the length and amount of money kept at the BMT. The Islamic economic perspective on determining profit sharing ratios through musyarakah contracts in BMT is in accordance with Islamic economic principles because it has been fair.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN SIMANTAP P2S3 DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN SANTRI SALAFIYAH SYAFI'IYAH SUKOREJO: PENDEKATAN BERBASIS KONSUMEN
Authors: Asmito Asmito , Rafik Zainur
Published: October 2023

One of the 17 goals of sustainable development is infrastructure innovation for all social structures of society, including the education sector. Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo as a stakeholder of the SDGs has attempted to launch a new innovation in conducting education fee transactions known as Sistem Manajemen Uang Tahunan Pondok Pesantren (SIMANTAP) or the Annual Islamic Boarding School Money Management System. Based on the theory of the technology accepted model, perceived convenience and perceived usefulness affect the acceptability of a technological innovation. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the use of SIMANTAP in the financial management of the students of Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo from a consumer perspective. Data was collected through a closed questionnaire from 50 santri guardians who were present or attend at the commemoration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday. Then the data obtained will be analyzed descriptively. The seven dimensions used in this study resulted that the ratio of voluntary effectiveness reached 80.5%, complexity reached 48.5%, trial reached 78%, impression reached 75.5%, job relevance reached 85.5%, attitude towards work reached 76% and accessibility reached 83%.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Hidayan Nanda , Faiz Zainuddin  , Nurul Nafilah
Published: October 2023

Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen adalah harga dan lokasi. Harga merupakan nilai tukar dari sebuah produk atau jasa yang nilainya ditentukan dan ditetapkan oleh penjual atau pembeli melalui tawar menawar. Lokasi adalah tempat bertransaksi berbagai aktivitas pemasaran yang berusaha memperlancar dan mempermudah penyampaian atau penyaluran barang dan jasa dari produsen kepada konsumen.

Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan asosiatif. Lokasi penelitian, yakni Toko Berkah Ilahi Mayang Jember. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni berjumlah 80 orang. Metode pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini berupa sampel jenuh (sensus). Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linier berganda, uji-t, dan uji-f.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Harga (X1) berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap kepuasan konsumen di toko berkah Ilahi Mayang Jember; (2) Lokasi (X2) berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap kepuasan konsumen di toko Berkah Ilahi Mayang Jember; dan (3) Harga (X1) dan Lokasi (X2) berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap kepuasan konsumen di toko Berkah Ilahi Mayang Jember. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, maka diketahui bahwa arah dan besarnya tingkat hubungan antara variabel harga dan lokasi terhadap kepuasan konsumen sebesar 62,7%.
PENGARUH KEMANFAATAN DAN KEMUDAHAN TERHADAP NIAT MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI SIMANTAP P2S3 DENGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATOR
Authors: Wahedi Su'ud , Makki Hali
Published: October 2023

SIMANTAP P2S3 is internet-based application that developed by Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo to fulfill students’ financial obligation. This paper aims to investigate relation usefulness, easyness, and intention of using SIMANTAP P2S3. However, education level is also used as moderated variable. There are 45 samples in this research. Moderated Regression Analysis is used to analayze data. This paper finds that usefulness and easiness influnce intention of using SIMANTAP P2S3. Nevertheless, education level does not moderate the influnce usefulness and easiness to intention of using SIMANTAP P2S3. However, sample size in this research is low. Suggested to next researchers to increase sample size in order to get more robust result.
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN ISLAMI DALAM PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN PADA KEDAI SATE H.QADIR
Authors: Amir Amir , Al A'luf Wilda
Published: October 2023

Marketing management strategy is a process capable of delivering organizations/companies to large market opportunities to increase sales and achieve the expected advantages. The marketing management strategy is also an important tool so that companies are able to win the competition. The purpose of marketing is to carry out transactions, serve, fulfill needs, and desires to satisfy consumers. While the marketing function is product development, if the products that have been circulating experience a decrease, to avoid this, it is necessary to add product functions according to business development.

 

From the description of the problems that occur, the author focuses on two problem formulations, namely:

1) How is the marketing management strategy in increasing sales at Kedai Sate H.Qadir Denpasar Bali 2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors of the marketing management strategy in increasing sales at Kedai Sate H.Qadir Denpasar Bali.

The research method used is a qualitative research method with data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results obtained from this researcher are expected to provide a detailed and systematic explanation of Islamic marketing management strategies in increasing sales.

The Islamic marketing management strategy carried out at Kedai Sate H. Qadir uses (marketing mix) called the 4Ps of product, price, promotion, place. The priority supporting factor is having a strategic place that is easily accessible to consumers and also communication aimed at attracting consumers who are outside the Denpasar Bali area. The inhibiting factor at Kedai Sate H. Qadir is that there are quite a lot of conditions in the Denpasar Bali area.
The ANALYSIS OF GROSS PROFIT OF TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS COMPANIES (Case Study at Samudera Indonesia Company, Tbk)
Authors: Nurul Wahidatun Nisa'
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the condition of the company's gross profit and the influencing factors in the 2020-2022 period. This study uses a descriptive method involving gross profit variables. The data that being used in this research comes from the company's income statement which is published on the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results of this research showed that PT Samudera Indonesia, Tbk's gross profit experienced a continuous increase from 2020 to 2022. Gross profit in 2021 increased by 186.67% compared to 2020, and gross profit in 2022 increased by 107.6% compared to 2021. Several factors contributed to the high and low of the PT Samudera Indonesia, Tbk gross profit, namely: cost, selling prices, service sales volume, and global economic conditions.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN RESIKO DI ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Baiq Paria Indrawati  , Ahmadi  , Nanda Hidayan Sono
Published: October 2023

Implementasi Manajemen resiko di era new normal dilakukan dalam sebuah perusahaan dengan tujuan utama suatu perusahaan atau lembaga dapat tetap eksis, berinovasi dan memberikan manfaat di tengah keadaan yang tidak memungkinkan. Implementasi manajemen resiko sangat penting dilakukan karena semua perusahan berpotensi mengalami resiko kapan dan dimana saja, oleh karenanya sebagai preventif manajemen resiko.

Motode penilitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan  menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Subyek  dari penelitian adalah bagaimana implentasi manajemen resiko yang digunakan Home Industri Datu Lunge sehingga mampu bertahan dan tetap eksis meski di era pandemi bahkan era new normal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Home Industri Datu Lunge  menggabungkan sumber eksternal dan internal dalam pengimplementasian manajemen resiko. Proses Implementasi manajemen resiko yang dilakukan Home Industri Datu Lunge ialah dimulai dari identifikasi resiko yang dikemas dengan adanya RAB, memperkirakan terjadinya resiko dengan istilah LOSICOT, mencari alternatif resiko, implementasi keputusan, monitoring dan evaluasi dan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana perkembangan dan penurunan perusahaan Home Industri Datu Lunge menerapkan studi analisis SWOT. Faktor pendukung dalam implementasi manajemen resiko di era new normal ialah dengan adanya dukungan dari masyarakat sekitar, kekompakan antar lini organisasi, ruang kerja yang tidak membutuhkan jangkauan dunia luar, harga yang mudah dijangkau dan kesadaran akan manfaat produk Datu Lunge pada saat yang tepat, Adapun faktor penghambatnya adalah: produksi yang dihasilkan tidak sebanding dengan pemesanan, SDM yang minim sebab domisili lintas kabupaten, kurang mengekplorasikan diri, target inovatif kurang maksimal dan pendistribusian kurang merata.
IMPLEMENTASI ETOS KERJA ISLAMI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN SEMENTARA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA TBK CABANG KETAPANG
Authors: Akbarul Muslim Alif
Published: October 2023

One of the obligations of every Muslim is to work (earn a living). Because by working a Muslim can realize himself in meeting his needs in the world, because earning a living in a good way is included in the group of people who are jihad fisabilillah. Meanwhile, Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk Ketapang Branch is a facilitator of sharia-based economic activities. One important aspect of the Islamic economy is economic actors, both owners of capital and employees. Therefore the character of workers is very influential in improving the economy. Based on this, researchers are interested in discussing the application of the Islamic work ethic in improving employee performance. This research focuses on the issues of (1.) how to implement the Islamic work ethic in improving employee performance at Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk Ketapang Branch, West Kalimantan Province (2.) what are the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing Islamic work ethic in improving employee performance at Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk Ketapang Branch West Kalimantan Province. This research uses descriptive qualitative research, which is a research procedure that aims to make a systematic, actual and accurate explanation of the facts that happened at Bank Syari'ah Indonesia Tbk, Ketapang Branch. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Islamic work ethic at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Tbk Ketapang Branch is in accordance with the principles and characteristics of the existing Islamic work ethic, namely: having clean morality (sincere), having honesty, and having a responsible soul. answer.

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TÜRKİYE’DE GIDA VE ALKOLSÜZ İÇECEK FİYATLARININ ANALİZİ: 2002-2022 DÖNEMİ NEDENSELLİK VE EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME BULGULARI
Authors: TUNÇSİPER Çağatay , SÜREKÇİ YAMAÇLI Dilek
Published: October 2023

Çalışmada Türkiye’de 2002-2022 dönemine ait çeyrek yıllık veriler kullanılarak tarımsal ürünler ithalatı, petrol fiyatları, döviz kuru ile gıda ve alkolsüz içecek fiyatları arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmektedir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin analizinde Granger nedensellik analizi, Johansen eşbütünleşme ve hata düzeltme modelleri kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre tarımsal mallar ithalatı ile gıda ve alkolsüz içecek fiyatları arasında çift yönlü, petrol fiyatları ile gıda ve alkolsüz içecek fiyatları arasında tek yönlü Granger nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. Johansen eşbütünleşme analizine uzun dönemde tarımsal mallar ithalatı (-4,039) gıda ve alkolsüz içecek fiyatlarını olumlu etkilemektedir. Petrol fiyatları, reel döviz kuru ile gıda ve alkolsüz içecek fiyatları arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. EMC analizine göre her bir çeyrek dönemde model hatası -0,387 birim azalmaktadır. Petrol fiyatlarındaki artış gıda ve alkolsüz içecek fiyatlarını kısa dönemde artırmaktadır (0,783). Reel döviz kuru ve tarımsal ürünler ithalatı ile gıda ve alkolsüz içecek fiyatları arasında kısa dönemde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Belirtilen bulgular ışığında Türkiye’de uzun dönemde gıda fiyatlarındaki artışlara engel olabilmek için bu malların yurtiçi üretiminin artmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Gıda malları ithalatı yurtiçi gıda fiyatlarında artışa engel olmakla birlikte ithalat artışı dış ticaret açığını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle özellikle yerli tarımsal üretimin artırılması tavsiye edilebilir. Öte yandan gıda ve alkolsüz içecek üretiminin petrole bağımlılığının azaltılması, elektrikli üretim sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi fiyat artışlarına engel olabilecektir.
TURİZM Ve C02 EMİSYONLARININ SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN ARDL SINIR TESTİ
Authors: YAĞIŞ Onur , TORUN Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada Türkiye için 1975-2019 dönemi arasında turizm ve C02 emisyonlarının sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkilerini ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımıyla incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye her yıl çok sayıda turisti ağırlamakta, turizm döviz kazancını artırmakta ve ekonomik büyümeye olumlu katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda turizm, C02 emisyonları ve sağlık harcamalarına dair sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunduğundan, araştırma konusunun Türkiye’de etkileri araştırılarak literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, gelen yabancı turist sayısı, çalışma çağındaki nüfus ve toplam nüfus ile sağlık harcamaları arasında pozitif istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. C02 emisyonları ile sağlık harcamaları arasında ise negatif istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
İş İlişkisi Devam Ederken Serbest Zaman Kullandırılmaksızın Yıllık İzin Ücreti Adı Altında Ödenen Ödemelerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KURTAR Ömer , SUBAŞI İbrahim
Published: October 2023

Yıllık ücretli izin hakkı işçiye anayasal olarak tanınan önemli bir dinlenme hakkıdır. Yıllık izin hakkının iki unsuru bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki ücret unsuru iken diğeri izin unsurudur. İş ilişkisi devam ederken izin unsurunun verilmeksizin diğer bir deyişle serbest zaman kullandırılmaksızın sadece izin ücretinin verilmesi, iznin satılması, izinden vazgeçilmesi mümkün değildir. Dolayısıyla iş sözleşmesi devam ederken yıllık izin hakkının izin olarak kullandırılması gerekir. Kullanılmayan yıllık izin hakkının ücret olarak karşılığı ise ancak iş sözleşmesi sona erdikten sonra istenebilir hâle gelir. İzin hakkının gerek işverenden gerekse işçinin kendisinden korunmasına yönelik olarak Anayasa başta olmak üzere diğer kanunlarda emredici hükümler ihdas edilmiştir.

Ancak uygulamada iş ilişkisi devam ederken yıllık iznin serbest zaman olarak kullandırılması yerine gerek işçiden gelen talep üzerine gerekse işverenin talimatı üzerine kanuna aykırı olarak sadece izin ücretinin ödendiğine sıklıkla rastlanılmaktadır. İş sözleşmesi sona erdikten sonra ise işçi yıllık izin hakkını kullanmadığı gerekçesiyle izin ücretinin tamamını talep etmekte; işveren ise izin ücretinin ödendiği savunmasını yapmaktadır. Yargıtay’ın ise konuya yönelik olarak vermiş olduğu son tarihli kararında, iş ilişkisi devam ederken ödenen yıllık izin ücretini avans olarak nitelendirmiştir. Devamında yapılan yargılamada işçinin hak kazanmış olduğu yıllık ücretli izin hesabının yapılarak ödenen izin ücretinin mahsup edilmesi gerektiğine hükmetmiştir. Öğretide konuya ilişkin olarak görüş birliği bulunmamaktadır.

Bu çalışmada ise uygulamada şekillenen iş ilişkisi devam ederken serbest zaman kullandırılmaksızın verilen yıllık ücretli izin ücretinin nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiği, yargılama sırasında yapılacak olan yıllık izin ücreti hesabından mahsup edilmesinin gerekip gerekmediği, hangi durumlarda verilen ücretin avans olarak kabul edilip edilemeyeceği değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Yüksek Teknoloji İçeren Ürün İhracatı ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: BEKTAŞ Volkan , BAHTİYAR Bersu
Published: October 2023

1980'li yıllarda hız kazanan küreselleşmeyle birlikte uluslararası ekonomik rekabet artmıştır. Bu uluslararası rekabet ortamında, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınmaları için ihracat ve özellikle de yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı oldukça önemlidir. Ancak bu noktada söz konusu ülkelerin önündeki en büyük engel teknoloji açığı sorunudur. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, hem düşük tasarruf oranı nedeniyle yetersiz olan yatırımları arttırması hem de teknoloji transferi sağlayabilme potansiyeli taşıdığından oldukça kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Teknoloji transferi ile bu ülkelerin yüksek teknoloji içeren ürünler üreterek ihraç etmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki, gelişmekte olan seçili 14 ülke için 1996-2018 döneminde panel veri analizi ile araştırılmaktadır. Üç farklı modelin kullanıldığı çalışmanın sonuçları, ekonomik büyüme ve yüksek teknoloji ürünleri ihracatının, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.
ÇEVRİMİÇİ EĞİTİM UYGULAMASININ İİBF ÖĞRETİM ÜYELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: ÖZKAYA Yakup , DURAN Aytaç , DEMİRCİ Kıvanç
Published: October 2023

Öğrenci ile öğreticinin aynı mekânda olması zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırarak farklı yerlerdeki kişilerin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri aracılığıyla eğitim faaliyetini yürütmelerine olanak tanıyan uzaktan eğitimin öne çıkan uygulama türü olan çevrimiçi (online) eğitim, önemli bir dijital öğrenme yöntemi ve ortamıdır. Genellikle olağanüstü kriz durumlarında başvurulan çevrimiçi eğitim yöntemi, yüz yüze eğitimden farklı dinamiklere sahip olduğundan uygulanması ile birlikte olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilmektedir. Ülkemizde özellikle Covid-19 pandemisi ve 6 Şubat 2023 tarihli Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler sonrasında üniversitelerde çevrimiçi eğitim uygulamasına geçilmiş olduğundan öğretim üyelerinin nasıl etkilendiği sorusu önem kazanmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın amacı da üniversitelerin iktisadi ve idari bilimler fakültelerinde (iibf) görevli olan ve çevrimiçi eğitim uygulaması ile ders vermiş öğretim üyelerinin bu süreçten nasıl etkilendiğinin tespiti olarak belirlenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada verilerin toplanmasında açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Hazırlanan görüşme formu etik izinlerin alınmasının ardından katılımcılara uygulanmış ve veri doygunluğuna (cevapların birbirini tekrar etmesi) ulaşınca görüşmeler sonlandırılmıştır. Toplam 24 öğretim üyesi ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılardan elde edilen verilerin analizinde ve bulguların görselleştirilmesinde MAXQDA 2022 nitel veri analiz programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde ise, çevrimiçi eğitimin büyük çoğunlukla kalitesiz ve verimsiz bir eğitim olarak değerlendirildiği, asli yöntemden ziyade ikincil-destekleyici bir yöntem olması gerektiği, öğrencilerle ve diğer öğretim üyeleriyle iletişimin önemli oranda azaldığı ve büyük oranda çevrimiçi eğitimde ders anlatım yöntemlerinde değişikliğe gidilmek zorunda kalındığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca derse devam zorunluluğunun olmaması, öğrenci performanslarını doğru ve sağlıklı şekilde ölçme ve değerlendirmenin mümkün olmaması, sınav denetiminin yapılamaması, ödevlerde replikasyon (kopyalama) yapılması gibi problemler tespit edilmiştir. Teknolojik donanım eksikliği, internet bağlantı sorunlarının varlığı ve üniversitelerin çevrimiçi eğitim platformlarında teknik aksaklıkların yaşanmasından dolayı verimli ders ortamının oluşturulamadığı saptanmıştır. Son olarak, çevrimiçi eğitim sürecinin bilimsel çalışmaları niceliksel olarak azalttığı, öğretim üyelerinde motivasyon kaybına yol açtığı ve daha çok özel hayata zaman ayrılmasına neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.
90’LI YILLAR TÜRKİYESİ’NDE FEMİNİST YAYINCILIK: PAZARTESİ DERGİSİ TANIKLIĞINA İLİŞKİN İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: AVCİL Ceren
Published: October 2023

hareketi, içinde bulunulan dönemin koşulları ve imkânları çerçevesinde farklı evrelerden geçmektedir. Her ülkenin kendine özgü olan demokrasi kültür ve ögeleri, kadın hareketinin de içeriğinde ve biçiminde dönüşümler yaratmıştır. Türkiye’de kadın hareketinin tarihi, Türkiye’nin siyasal koşulları ile oldukça yakından ilgilidir. Ülkede yaşanan askeri darbeler, demokrasi kültürünün gerilemesine ve toplumsal hareketlerin ve muhalefetin ortadan kalkmasına yol açmıştır. Böyle siyasal ortamlarda başta kadın hareketi olmak üzere insan hakları, özgürlük, temel yurttaş hakları savunu ve çabalarının kesintiye uğradığı aşikârdır.

Türkiye’de 12 Eylül 1980 askeri darbesinden sonra kadın hareketi kurumsallaşma sürecine girmiştir. Farklı kurumlar ve yayınlar aracılığıyla hareketin görünürlüğü artmaya başlamıştır. Bu dönemde kadın hareketini görünür kılan en önemli hususlardan birisi, feminist alternatif yayın olma yolundaki olanakların da artmasıdır. Feminist medya organları ile farklı toplumsal kesimlerden kadınlar arasında iletişimi geliştirmenin ve özellikle kadın hareketine dair deneyimlerin yazıya dökülmesinin önü açılmıştır. Pazartesi dergisi de askeri darbe sonrasında kadın hareketinin işlevselliğini artıran feminist bir yayın olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. 1995-2005 yılları arasında diğer dergilere nazaran daha uzun bir yayın hayatı olan Pazartesi Dergisi, kadın bedeni, kadın cinayetleri, taciz, kadın dayanışma vb. konular üzerine yayınlar yapmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, Pazartesi dergisinin yayın hayatında olduğu 1995-2005 yılları arasında basılan 15 sayısına odaklanılmaktadır. Bu sayılarda kadın ve kadın sorunlarının ele alınma biçimi, dergi gündemi, kadının toplumsal ve siyasal konumu, Türkiye’deki gelişmeler gibi konulara bakış açısı incelenmiştir. İçerik analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada toplamda 106 sayı olarak yayınlanan derginin 15 sayısı birincil kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır.
Impact of creativity and innovation in the subdirectorate of planning and liaison of a higher education institution in the State of Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: BALDERRABANO-BRIONES Jazmín , UTRERA-VELEZ Youssef
Published: October 2023

The Impact of Creativity and Innovation in the Planning and Linkage Subdirectorate of a Higher Education Institution in the State of Veracruz, Mexico, has as its main purpose to collect information regarding the area of Creativity and Innovation, studying its impact to prepare a proposal of a development model. Through three instruments that measure the Creativity and Innovation of the different departments that make up the Planning and Liaison Subdirectorate, we can assess analysis, open-mindedness, communication, empathy to mention some of the skills that can be rediscovered or come to light with the support of this series of questions that are posed exclusively for the well-being of the Institution. The objective of the research is to provide the Institution with the information resulting from the diagnosis, which allows addressing each of the indicators, receiving feedback from the five departments that make up the Planning and Liaison Subdirectorate. Contributing to continuous improvement, through the planning of strategies that contribute to the fulfillment of the organization's objectives.
Innovation in distance education
Authors: ESCAMILLA Regis Daisy , MARTÍNEZ Bahena Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

The implementation of distance courses has allowed knowledge to reach a greater number of students immediately, in addition to this, it allows us to access information at the convenience of the participants, so the specific schedules, which promote a greater opening in the accesses and the way in which knowledge can be generated, is not married to a place, a time or a style, which is why it is increasingly necessary to be able to implement strategies that In addition, they generate real knowledge and a substantial use of the contents that are being shown, together with a wide range of strategies that range from the topics themselves, the reinforcement of activities through innovative technological tools and feedback and/or relevant evaluations to indicate the level of achievement that the student had within the specified period and that will allow him to continue advancing to reach his goal. Objectives, Methodology. The main objective of carrying out this work is to show the importance in the implementation of distance courses with the use of technological innovation tools, the advantages of students learning according to their needs and the advantages of having these important tools. support in educational instruction; In addition to presenting a representative sample on the application of a research technique that allows us to observe -by its results- that distance education has had a beneficial impact even more with the use of technological innovation tools in terms of promoting this instruction. in Higher Education Schools. Contribution. It seeks to demonstrate in a broad way, that encouraging students who cannot attend school in the required times, to seek education online, can help them obtain a degree without having to put aside meeting their needs through a job, distance education, will allow them to satisfy their self-realization needs and they will be able to collaborate significantly in the achievement of their medium-term objectives.
International organizations against disinformation
Authors: MIRANDA-ESPAÑA Fernando , FÉRNANDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ José Julio
Published: October 2023

Disinformation and information manipulation have risen to become two of the main challenges facing the information society in which we live and posing a particularly big threat to the correct development of electoral processes. With this in mind, almost all the actors in the international community have centered their efforts on defining this phenomenon and on finding ways to deal with it. From the G7, to the European Union, as well as the UN and NATO; international organizations have made pioneering efforts in their fight against disinformation. The objective of our work is, first, to understand the disinformation phenomenon, define it and dissect it; and subsequently analyze the measures taken against it.
Study habits of students from higher education institutions of the tutoring network of the central-south region, ANUIES
Authors: VERA-CERVANTES Eugenia Erica , CABRERA-TENORIO Elizabeth , LÓPEZ-GARCÍA Cristina
Published: October 2023

Although universal access to higher education has increased in recent decades, higher education faces a major dropout and failure problem, several authors claim that study habits are an important factor in academic performance. Objective: To analyze the study habits of the students of the Institutions of Higher Education that make up the Network of Tutorials of the Central-South Region of ANUIES, with the purpose that this research serves for decision-making, strategies and development of materials. academics. Methodology: A quantitative analysis was used as a research method, the study was of a descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative type between students with high and low performance of the HEIs of the Network; A total of 4995 students participated and were identified through the application of the Study Activities Questionnaire (C.A.E.). Results and Conclusion: In this investigation, after the analysis of the 10 dimensions, it was shown that study habits and personal habits are essential for students to obtain an optimal level of academic performance, so that HEIs can generate actions early, to avoid school dropout.
Role conflict and performance of part time students in Indonesia: The effect of burnout, coping behavior and spiritual intelligence
Authors:   Universitas Utara Malaysia. Malaysia, Nirmalasari Leli , Minai Minai ,   Universitas Utara Malaysia. Malaysia
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between role conflict and the performance of part-time students in Indonesia, with a focus on the effects of burnout, coping behavior, and spiritual intelligence. Research methodology: The study tested performance, academic performance, and work performance, with extreme work stress (burnout) positioned as the mediating factor, and coping and spiritual intelligence positioned as moderating variables. Results: This study found that role conflict negatively affects the academic and work performance of part-time students, and burnout mediates this relationship. Coping behavior and spiritual intelligence moderate the relationship between role conflict and performance. Limitations: Within the context of demographic factors, some authors, such as Waskito (2019), Kastaman and Coralia (2022), and Wardani and Pitensah (2021), suggest examining the effect of factors such as age and ethnic groups. Thus, in future studies, it is advisable to review the effects of demographic factors such as age, ethnicity, and income level. Contribution: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a new perspective on the performance of part-time students and highlights the importance of considering role conflict and its effects on their performance.
PENGARUH SELF CONFIDENCE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Anggreni Dessy , Zamzaili  , Saleh Haji
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh dari self confidence dari seorang siswa terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SMPN 16 Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex post facto. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMPN 16 Kota Bengkulu di semester genap Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Populasi yang diambil pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII yang berjumlah 191 orang siswa, sampel penelitian berjumlah 64 orang siswa terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas VIII A dan kelas VIIIC. Hasil pe nelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh self confidence terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa.  Self confidence berpengaruh langsung terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa ditunjukkan oleh koefisien jalur sebesar  dengan nilai  pada taraf nyata . Kontribusi pengaruhnya sebesar 8,76%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi self confidence yang dimiliki oleh siswa, maka akan semakin tinggi pula kemampuan komunikasi matematisnya.
Kata Kunci: Self Confidence, Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis, ex post facto
ALAT MUSIK TRADISIONAL BENGKULU DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOAL KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS
Authors: Meisi Eka Sari  , Nyayu Masyita Ariani  , Ristontowi
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini menghasilkan soal matematika pada alat musik tradisional Bengkulu materi lingkaran yang valid, jelas dan terstandar baik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (development research) dengan menggunakan model Tessmer dengan tahapan preliminary, self evaluation, expert review, one-to-one dan small group. Subjek penelitian ini adalah dosen, guru dan siswa kelas VIII SMP. Thap preliminary adalah menganalisis kurikulum, materi, siswa dan konteks. Tahap self Evaluation yaitu mengevaluasi sendiri soal yang telah didesain agar meminimalisir kesalahan sebelum tahap expert review. Expert Review terdiri dari 3 orang validator yang akan menilai berdasarkan materi, konstruksi dan Bahasa. Pada tahap One-to-One dengan 3 Orang siswa kelas VIII berkemampuan heterogen akan diujicoakan 12 soal yang telah valid untuk melihat keterbacaan soal. Tahap Small Group diujicobakan 12 soal kepada 30 siswa Kelas VIII berkemampuan heterogen. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 12 soal Valid dan memiliki keterbacaan soal. Dari hasil analisis kuatitatif didapatkan 12 soal yang dikategorikan baik ditinjau dari tingkat kesukaran dan indeks daya beda.
Kata Kunci: penalaran matematis, alat musik tradisional
PENGARUH MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) DENGAN PENDEKATAN OUTDOOR TERHADAP MOTIVASI MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Hermawan Gatot Priyadi  , Yumiati
Published: October 2023

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran CTL dengan pendekatan outdoor berdampak pada motivasi matematika siswa. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu SMK berstatus negeri se-Kota Tegal yang kemudian dipilih secara random sehingga diperoleh subyek penelitian adalah Sekolah Usaha Perikanan Menengah (SUPM) Negeri Tegal. SUPM Negeri Tegal merupakan sekolah berbasis perikanan setara SMK di bawah Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pretest-postest control group design. Sampel diambil menggunakan cluster random sampling yang terdiri dari tiga kelas. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuisioner dalam bentuk angket terdiri dari 25 butir. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa motivasi matematika siswa lebih besar dipengaruhi oleh model pembelajaran CTL dengan pendekatan outdoor daripada model CTL dan konvensional dengan kategori peningkatan ketiganya berturut-turut yaitu tinggi, sedang dan rendah.
Kata Kunci: CTL dengan pendekatan outdoor, CTL, konvensional, motivasi belajar matematika.
KECENDERUNGAN HASIL TENTANG PENELITIAN LEARNING OBSTACLE PADA MATERI ALJABAR DALAM SEPULUH TAHUN TERAKHIR
Authors: Riastuti Ade , Dadang Juandi  , Didi Suryadi
Published: October 2023

Kesulitan siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika masih sering ditemukan terutama pada konsep operasi aljabar, kesulitan tersebut menjadi salah satu faktor hambatan belajar (learning obstacle). Learning obstacle tersebut dilihat dari aspek ontogenic obstacle, epistemological obstacle, didactical obstacle. Maka dari itu penting dilakukannya sebuah penelitian yang mengkaji tentang hambatan belajar pada konsep operasi aljabar agar dapat meminimalisir kesalahan siswa terhadap konsep operasi aljabar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan systematic literature review (review artikel terstruktur). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari 25 artikel, bahwa siswa mengalami ontogenic obstacle, epistemological obstacle, dan didactical obstacle pada konsep  operasi aljabar terutama pada pengurangan, perkalian dan pembagian.
Kata kunci: learning obstacle, ontogenic obstacle, epistemological obstacle, didactical obstacle, operasi aljabar.
Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten in Gesundheit und Pflege
Authors: Ertl-Schmuck Roswitha , Unger Angelika , Mibs Michael
Published: October 2023

Das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten muss jeder Studierende beherrschen – unabhängig vom Fachgebiet. Trotzdem gibt es von Fach zu Fach Unterschiede: Sie betreffen unter anderem die Themenfindung sowie die Literaturrecherche und -bewertung.
Dieses Taschenbuch stellt das Wichtigste zum Wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten in Gesundheit und Pflege dar. Dabei wird großer Wert auf den roten Faden und die damit verbundene Argumentationslogik gelegt. Relevante Webseiten und Datenbanken werden zudem vorgestellt und auch die Bewertung und Prüfung von Inhalten aus dem Internet diskutiert.
Das Buch richtet sich an Studierende der Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft. Das Buch richtet sich zudem an Studierende in den Lehrämtern für die Berufsfelder Gesundheit und Pflege.
Nachhaltiges Veranstaltungsmanagement
Authors: Gruber Kristina , Herzig Christian , Keller Martina
Published: October 2023

Das Münchner Tollwood-Festival, der Evangelische Kirchentag oder die documenta – immer mehr Veranstaltungen sind nachhaltig organisiert. Der Markt für nachhaltige Eventlösungen wächst. Kristina Gruber und Christian Herzig bieten mit diesem Buch Orientierung. Sie identifizieren zentrale Handlungsfelder und stellen neueste Erkenntnisse schnell und leicht verständlich vor. Zahlreiche Beispiele illustrieren die Handlungsansätze.
utb+: Begleitend zum Buch steht den Leser:innen ein E-Learning-Kurs für die Vertiefung des Wissens zur Verfügung.
Fallbuch zur Sozialen Diagnostik in der Klinischen Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Ehrhardt Saskia , Gamperl Anna , Zeller Melanie
Published: October 2023

Aufbauend auf einer Einführung in die Grundlagen, wird anhand von 25 Fällen der sozialarbeiterischen Praxis die Anwendung der Sozialen Diagnostik vertieft. Zu jedem Fall finden sich Fragen zu sozialdiagnostischen Prinzipien, Methoden und Theorien sowie kommentierte Lösungen. Die übersichtliche Darstellung ermöglicht praxisorientiertes und theoriegeleitetes Lehren und Lernen.
Systemisches Qualitätsmanagement
Authors: Reinbacher Paul
Published: October 2023

Das Buch bringt die soziologische und die Managementperspektive zusammen. Es zeigt in einem systemischen Ansatz, wie Organisationen einerseits betriebswirtschaftliche Qualitätsstandards und andererseits die Komplexität der Sozialstruktur und der gesellschaftlichen Beziehungen in Einrichtungen zusammenspielen können. Dabei spielt auch die Organisationsentwicklung eine Rolle.
utb+: Begleitend zum Buch steht den Leser:innen ein E-Learning-Kurs mit über 100 Fragen für die Prüfungsvorbereitung zur Verfügung.