bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Color stability, surface, and physicochemical properties of three-dimensional printed denture base resin reinforced with different nanofillers
Authors: Kim Min-Chae , Byeon Da-Jung , Jeong Eo-Jin , Go Hye-Bin , Yang Song-Yi
Published: January 2024

Various materials have been introduced for the three-dimensional (3D) printing of dentures. In this study, the color stability and surface and physicochemical properties of 3D-printed denture base resins with four types of nanofiller particles were evaluated. Al2O3, ZnO, CeZr, and SiO2 nanofillers were added to a 3D printable denture base-resin matrix and subjected to digital light processing. The specimens were immersed in Coke, coffee, black tea, or distilled water for 6 days. For the assessment of color differences, 6 samples were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. In a separate investigation, surface properties of 10 samples were examined, while a different set of 6 samples was used to analyze water sorption and solubility. All experimental groups exhibited higher color stability in Coke than the control group. However, the groups containing ZnO and CeZr had lower color stability in coffee and black tea than the control group. Moreover, they had agglomerated nanofillers and lower gloss than the control group. Compared with that of the control group, the contact angle of the CeZr group and microhardness of the ZnO group were not significantly different. Water sorption was higher in the Al2O3 group, whereas the solubility of the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant. The results demonstrated the significant effect of ZnO and CeZr nanofillers on the color stability of the dentures when exposed to discoloring beverages. These results will facilitate the development of fillers that enhance the resistance of 3D printed denture base resins to discoloration in the oral environment.
The gastrointestinal tract is a major source of the acute metformin-stimulated rise in GDF15
Authors: Kincaid John W. R. , Rimmington Debra , Tadross John A. , Cimino Irene , Zvetkova Ilona , Kaser Arthur , Richards Paul , Patel Satish , O’Rahilly Stephen , Coll Anthony P.
Published: January 2024

The hormone GDF15 is secreted in response to cellular stressors. Metformin elevates circulating levels of GDF15, an action important for the drug’s beneficial effects on body weight. Metformin can also inhibit mammalian respiratory complex I, leading to decreases in ATP:AMP ratio, activation of AMP Kinase (AMPK), and increased GDF15 production. We undertook studies using a range of mice with tissue-specific loss of Gdf15 (namely gut, liver and global deletion) to determine the relative contributions of two classical metformin target tissues, the gut and liver, to the elevation of GDF15 seen with metformin. In addition, we performed comparative studies with another pharmacological agent, the AMP kinase pan-activator, MK-8722. Deletion of Gdf15 from the intestinal epithelium significantly reduced the circulating GDF15 response to oral metformin, whereas deletion of Gdf15 from the liver had no effect. In contrast, deletion of Gdf15 from the liver, but not the gut, markedly reduced circulating GDF15 responses to MK-8722. Further, our data show that, while GDF15 restricts high-fat diet-induced weight gain, the intestinal production of GDF15 is not necessary for this effect. These findings add to the body of evidence implicating the intestinal epithelium in key aspects of the pharmacology of metformin action.
Simultaneous determination of meloxicam and bupivacaine via a novel modified dual wavelength method and an advanced chemometric approach
Authors: El-Malla Samah F. , Hamza Aliaa A. , Elagamy Samar H.
Published: January 2024

This study presents two spectrophotometric methods; a novel dual wavelength—derivative spectrophotometry and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) for the simultaneous determination of a fixed dose combination of bupivacaine (BUP) and meloxicam (MEL) in a ratio of 30:1. The extended UV spectrum of MEL enables its direct determination at λmax 360 nm with no interference from BUP. The determination of BUP was unfeasible directly because the UV spectra of both drugs are moderately overlapped over the wavelength range of 250–450 nm, thus new chemometric based spectrophotometric methods should be developed for its determination. Dual wavelength-derivative method was employed based on using first derivative spectra. The selected dual wavelengths for determination BUP were 274.6 nm and 374.6 nm where the dA/dλ amplitudes differences for MET are equal to zero. MCR-ALS is advanced chemometric tool that enables analysis of multicomponent samples in complex matrices with high resolution based on the decomposition of signal/spectral data into the pure spectra and corresponding concentration profile. The figures of merits for MCR model show that there is a good agreement between the actual and predicted concentrations for MEL and BUP. The methods were validated and statistically compared with a reported HPLC method.
Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, in combination with tamoxifen exerts synergistic effect in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells via hTERT inhibition
Authors: Fahim Sally A. , ElZohairy Yehia A. , Moustafa Rehab I.
Published: January 2024

Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of the most successful treatments for breast cancer; however, TAM resistance continues to be a significant barrier. TAM resistance has been reported to be associated with increased expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). This enzyme shares structural similarity with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme of RNA viruses, suggesting that RdRp inhibitors may also inhibit hTERT. Favipiravir (FAV) is an antiviral drug that inhibits RdRp of RNA viruses. Thus, we propose that FAV may also elicit an antitumor effect by suppressing hTERT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FAV and TAM on TAM-resistant breast cancer (TAMR-1). The cell viabilities were determined. The levels of CDK1/ hTERT, in addition to regulators of hTERT-targeted signaling pathways were measured. Apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle distribution were also determined. Our data revealed that the combination of TAM and FAV suppressed cell proliferation synergistically (CI < 1) and resulted in a significant change in cell migration and apoptosis. Indeed, this was associated with reduced levels of hTERT and CDK1 and shift in the cell cycle distribution. Our findings suggest that the TAM/FAV combination exhibits synergistic effects against TAMR-1 human breast cancer cells by targeting hTERT.
High-performance p-type V2O3 films by spray pyrolysis for transparent conducting oxide applications
Authors: Ainabayev Ardak , Walls Brian , Mullarkey Daragh , Caffrey David , Fleischer Karsten , Smith Christopher M. , McGlinchey Amy , Casey Daniel , McCormack Sarah J. , Shvets Igor
Published: January 2024

High-quality epitaxial p-type V2O3 thin films have been synthesized by spray pyrolysis. The films exhibited excellent electrical performance, with measurable mobility and high carrier concentration. The conductivity of the films varied between 115 and 1079 Scm−1 while the optical transparency of the films ranged from 32 to 65% in the visible region. The observed limitations in thinner films’ mobility were attributed to the nanosized granular structure and the presence of two preferred growth orientations. The 60 nm thick V2O3 film demonstrated a highly competitive transparency-conductivity figure of merit compared to the state-of-the-art.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle and humans in farming communities of Isingiro and Kamuli districts, Uganda
Authors: Kungu Joseph M. , Tegule Sarah S. , Awke Ilyas A. , Namayanja Josephine , Namyalo Edity , Oposhia Joseph , Olum William , Nyakarahuka Luke , Kankya Clovice , Dahourou Dieudonné , Odoi Agricola
Published: January 2024

Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is fast becoming a big challenge as resistance to multiple drugs is rising rapidly. The emergence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus worldwide is life-threatening in both humans and animals and yet little is known about the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries including Uganda. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant S. aureus among humans and animals as well as assess the perceptions and practices of farmers in Kamuli and Isingiro districts in Uganda regarding AMR of S. aureus. A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 in 147 randomly selected cattle-keeping households in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. A structured questionnaire uploaded in the Kobo-collect online data collection tool was used to assess farmers’ perceptions and practices pertaining to AMR in each of the selected households. Nasal swabs (n = 147) were collected from both cattle and humans (farmers). Bacterial isolation and confirmation was done using Gram-staining and biochemical tests. This was followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Only 14/147 (9.5%) cattle samples and 45/147(30.6%) human samples tested positive for S. aureus. All cattle S. aureus isolates were resistant to Nitroimidazoles while 92.9% were resistant to Penicillins. None of the isolates were resistant to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides. All the 14 isolates exhibited AMR to at least one of the assessed antibiotics and 92.9% (13/14) showed evidence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Likewise, S. aureus human isolates showed high levels of resistance to Nitroimidazoles (100%) and Penicillins (93.3%), with none of the isolates having resistance to Aminoglycosides, and only one exhibiting resistance to Fluoroquinolones (2.2%). All the 45 human isolates exhibited AMR to at least one antibiotic while 93% (42/45) had MDR. Most farmers had good perceptions of AMR, with a significantly higher proportion of respondents from Isingiro than Kamuli showing a better understanding of AMR. Antibiotic prophylaxis was reported to be the least practiced measure of diseases and parasites control (17.0%), with more farmers in Isingiro (33.3%) undertaking it than those in Kamuli (1.3%) (p < 0.001). Penicillins and Nitroimidazoles were reported to be the most used antibiotics among cattle and humans. This study provides evidence of occurrence of S. aureus resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in both humans and livestock in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. Farmers had good perceptions regarding AMR as well as good antimicrobial use practices which can form a basis for mitigation of AMR.
Metal-binding amino acid ligands commonly found in metalloproteins differentially fractionate copper isotopes
Authors: Selden Corday R. , Schilling Kathrin , Godfrey Linda , Yee Nathan
Published: January 2024

Copper (Cu) is a cofactor in numerous key proteins and, thus, an essential element for life. In biological systems, Cu isotope abundances shift with metabolic and homeostatic state. However, the mechanisms underpinning these isotopic shifts remain poorly understood, hampering use of Cu isotopes as biomarkers. Computational predictions suggest that isotope fractionation occurs when proteins bind Cu, with the magnitude of this effect dependent on the identity and arrangement of the coordinating amino acids. This study sought to constrain equilibrium isotope fractionation values for Cu bound by common amino acids at protein metal-binding sites. Free and bound metal ions were separated via Donnan dialysis using a cation-permeable membrane. Isotope ratios of pre- and post-dialysis solutions were measured by MC-ICP-MS following purification. Sulfur ligands (cysteine) preferentially bound the light isotope (63Cu) relative to water (Δ65Cucomplex-free = − 0.48 ± 0.18‰) while oxygen ligands favored the heavy isotope (65Cu; + 0.26 ± 0.04‰ for glutamate and + 0.16 ± 0.10‰ for aspartate). Binding by nitrogen ligands (histidine) imparted no isotope effect (− 0.01 ± 0.04‰). This experimental work unequivocally demonstrates that amino acids differentially fractionate Cu isotopes and supports the hypothesis that metalloprotein biosynthesis affects the distribution of transition metal isotopes in biological systems.
Evaluation of ionic liquids based imidazolium salts as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl solutions
Authors: El-Nagar Raghda A. , Khalil N. A. , Atef Y. , Nessim Maher I. , Ghanem Alaa
Published: January 2024

The features of this work on corrosion inhibition have been investigated based on the ecological awareness and according to the strict environmental legislations. This was done by studying how different imidazolium derivatives ionic liquids containing different alkyl chains R8, R10 and R12 affected the corrosion reaction of carbon steel specimen immersed in 1 M hydrochloric acid at various temperatures. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilized to examine the corrosion inhibition behavior on carbon steel. In addition, FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze the coated film that has been formed on the metal surface. The prepared ionic liquids showed effective inhibition efficiency, where the corrosion rate after the using of 100 ppm of R8-IL, R10-IL and R12-IL was decreased from 5.95 (µg cm−2 min−1) to 0.66, 0.56, and 0.44 (µg cm−2 min−1), respectively at 20 °C. In the polarization curves, the corrosion current, Icorr, decreases by ILs addition and suggest that ILs act as mixed type inhibitors. From EIS findings, the increase in Rct and decrease in Cdl values proves the adherence of inhibitor molecules on carbon steel surface. The temperature effect was also studied on the film formed, where increasing the temperature from 20 to 50 °C, the corrosion rate increased and the inhibitors efficacy decreased. The increasing in the length of the attached alkyl chain, the efficacies of the prepared inhibitors increases. Various thermodynamic parameters such as the reaction activation free energy (ΔG*), the entropy of activation (ΔS*), and the enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), as well as the adsorption isotherm were investigated in order to interpret the mechanism and obtain the most accurate perception.
Exploring the measurement of psychological resilience in Chinese civil aviation pilots based on generalizability theory and item response theory
Authors: Zhao Yanzeng , Zhu Keyong , Zhang Jun , Liu Ziyu , Wang Lijing
Published: January 2024

Understanding and accurately measuring resilience among Chinese civil aviation pilots is imperative, especially concerning the psychological impact of distressing events on their well-being and aviation safety. Despite the necessity, a validated and tailored measurement tool specific to this demographic is absent. Addressing this gap, this study built on the widely used CD-RISC-25 to analyze and modify its applicability to Chinese civil aviation pilots. Utilizing CD-RISC-25 survey data from 231 Chinese pilots, correlational and differential analyses identified items 3 and 20 as incongruent with this population's resilience profile. Subsequently, factor analysis derived a distinct two-factor resilience psychological framework labeled “Decisiveness” and “Adaptability”, which diverged from the structure found in American female pilots and the broader Chinese populace. Additionally, to further accurately identify the measurement characteristics of this 2-factor measurement model, this study introduced Generalized Theory and Item Response Theory, two modern measurement analysis theories, to comprehensively analyze the overall reliability of the measurement and issues with individual items. Results showed that the 2-factor model exhibited high reliability, with generalizability coefficient reaching 0.89503 and dependability coefficient reaching 0.88496, indicating the 2-factor measurement questionnaire can be effectively utilized for relative and absolute comparison of Chinese civil aviation pilot resilience. However, items in Factor 2 provided less information and have larger room for optimization than those in Factor 1, implying item option redesign may be beneficial. Consequently, this study culminates in the creation of a more accurate and reliable two-factor psychological resilience measurement tool tailored for Chinese civil aviation pilots, while exploring directions for optimization. By facilitating early identification of individuals with lower resilience and enabling the evaluation of intervention efficacy, this tool aims to positively impact pilot psychological health and aviation safety in the context of grief and trauma following distressing events.
Blood pressure variability supersedes heart rate variability as a real-world measure of dementia risk
Authors: Ebinger Joseph E. , Driver Matthew P. , Huang Tzu Yu , Magraner Jose , Botting Patrick G. , Wang Minhao , Chen Peng-Sheng , Bello Natalie A. , Ouyang David , Theurer John , Cheng Susan , Tan Zaldy S.
Published: January 2024

Blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been associated with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in rigorously controlled studies. However, the extent to which BPV and HRV may offer predictive information in real-world, routine clinical care is unclear. In a retrospective cohort study of 48,204 adults (age 54.9 ± 17.5 years, 60% female) receiving continuous care at a single center, we derived BPV and HRV from routinely collected clinical data. We use multivariable Cox models to evaluate the association of BPV and HRV, separately and in combination, with incident ADRD. Over a median 3 [2.4, 3.0] years, there were 443 cases of new-onset ADRD. We found that clinically derived measures of BPV, but not HRV, were consistently associated with incident ADRD. In combined analyses, only patients in both the highest quartile of BPV and lowest quartile of HRV had increased ADRD risk (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.44–3.81). These results indicate that clinically derived BPV, rather than HRV, offers a consistent and readily available metric for ADRD risk assessment in a real-world patient care setting. Thus, implementation of BPV as a widely accessible tool could allow clinical providers to efficiently identify patients most likely to benefit from comprehensive ADRD screening.
Viable tumor cell density after neoadjuvant chemotherapy assessed using deep learning model reflects the prognosis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Kengo , Miyama Kazuki , Endo Makoto , Bise Ryoma , Kohashi Kenichi , Hirose Takeshi , Nabeshima Akira , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Oda Yoshinao , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: January 2024

Prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for osteosarcoma is generally predicted using manual necrosis-rate assessments; however, necrosis rates obtained in these assessments are not reproducible and do not adequately reflect individual cell responses. We aimed to investigate whether viable tumor cell density assessed using a deep-learning model (DLM) reflects the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Seventy-one patients were included in this study. Initially, the DLM was trained to detect viable tumor cells, following which it calculated their density. Patients were stratified into high and low-viable tumor cell density groups based on DLM measurements, and survival analysis was performed to evaluate disease-specific survival and metastasis-free survival (DSS and MFS). The high viable tumor cell density group exhibited worse DSS (p = 0.023) and MFS (p = 0.033). DLM-evaluated viable density showed correct stratification of prognosis groups. Therefore, this evaluation method may enable precise stratification of the prognosis in osteosarcoma patients treated with NAC.
Segregation-induced strength anomalies in complex single-crystalline superalloys
Authors: Bezold Andreas , Vollhüter Jan , Karpstein Nicolas , Lenz Malte , Subramanyam Aparna P. A. , Zenk Christopher H. , Hammerschmidt Thomas , Spiecker Erdmann , Göken Mathias , Neumeier Steffen
Published: January 2024

Pushing the maximum service temperature of aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines is the major pathway to improve their energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. This maximum is mostly limited by the temperature capability of key-component materials, including superalloys. In this alloy class, segregation of elements facilitates plastic deformation and is generally considered to cause softening during high-temperature deformation. Here, we show that segregation-assisted processes can also lead to strengthening and induce an anomalous increase of the yield strength. Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal a segregation-assisted dissociation process of dislocations at precipitate-matrix interfaces in combination with atomic-scale reordering processes. These processes lead to an inhibition of athermal deformation mechanisms and a transition to stacking fault shearing, which causes the strengthening effect. Unraveling these elementary mechanisms might guide a mechanism-based alloy design of future superalloys with enhanced high-temperature capabilities.
Boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction on NiTe monolayers via defect engineering: a computational study
Authors: Xiang Yuchen , Sun Yuting , Liu Yuejie , Cai Qinghai , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: January 2024

Herein, we explored the feasibility to boost the HER catalytic performance of two-dimensional (2D) NiTe by defect engineering.
Efficient removal of tetracycline in water using modified eggplant straw biochar supported green nanoscale zerovalent iron: synthesis, removal performance, and mechanism
Authors: Huang Guofu , Wang Mianmian , Liu Qing , Zhao Shasha , Liu Haijian , Liu Fangfang , Liu Jun
Published: January 2024

A novel NaOH modified eggplant straw biochar supported green nanoscale zerovalent iron (P-nZVI/ESBC) composite was synthesized and its removal performance and reaction mechanism for tetracycline (TC) in water were investigated.
The Quality of Chicken Eggs Fed Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Flour
Authors: Leke Jein Rinny , Laihad Jacqueline T. , Tangkau Linda , Sompie Florencia , Siahaan Ratna
Published: January 2024

The objectives of this study were to analyze the quality of laying hen eggs fed with feed containing black pepper (Piper nigrum L) flour. A total of 200 brown laying hens strain MB 402 (50 weeks-old) were used in this experiment. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and further analysis was conducted using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The Treatments given black pepper flour were 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. This research was conducted for 6 weeks. Parameters included egg weight (g/egg), egg yolk weight (g/egg), yolk index, and egg yolk color. The results showed that feeding chickens with up to 2 % BPF increased significantly the effect (P < 0.01) on egg yolk weight, yolk index, egg yolk color but not significantly different (P > 0.05) on egg weight. This research concluded that BPF diets can be fed to laying hens up to 2 % to produce eggs without negative effects on the egg quality.
Synthesis of selenium conjugated insects’ protein in Hermetia illucens larvae as poultry feed
Authors: Kurniawan David , Widodo Eko , Susilo Agus , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: January 2024

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human health and livestock growth. The element can be fed in inorganic or organic forms, depending on the diet’s chemical makeup and how it influences the accumulated amount of Se in the tissues of animals. Insects are known to be natural bio-accumulators of various nutrients, but research on the capacity of insects to be bio-enriched with Se in feed is still limited. The aims of this study were to synthesise Se conjugated insects’ protein and examine how effectively they can deliver selenium to black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae. In this study, BSF larvae were reared on different substrates with four levels of dietary sodium selenite supplementation (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). BSF larvae were analysed for biomass yield, nutritional value, and Se content. We revealed that selenium content in the fortified BSF larvae was several orders of magnitude higher than in the unfortified ones. There were significant differences between doses of selenium delivered to BSF larvae by different selenium compounds. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of these BSF larvae has shown that there was a higher accumulation of total selenium content in the treated samples (348 mg Se/g DW) as compared to control (0.64 mg Se/g DW). Se conjugated insects’ protein can withstand as high as 400 mg sodium selenite without compromising its growth pattern and BSF larvae biomass yield and nutritional value. Collectively, the current study proposes that, Se conjugate BSF larvae with high organic Se content and can serve as selenium feed additives.
The Potential of Frozen Rumen Fluid with Dimethyl Sulfoxide And Glucose As Cryoprotectant on In Vitro Gas Production And Digestibility
Authors: Muhammad Djafar Sayyid , Sekar Ayu Putri Darmawan Divia , Suryapratama Adam , Soetanto Hendrawan
Published: January 2024

As the pressure from the animal welfare community increases, there is an urgent need to find the alternative rumen fluid (RF) source as an essential inoculum for in vitro digestibility studies. The objective of this study is to support the previous studies utilizing fresh RF from abattoir with and without cryoprotectants during the freezing process. A 2x3x3-factorial design was used to ascertain the effectiveness of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glucose as cryoprotectants to frozen RF varying from 4, 11, and 18 days to measure the in vitro gas production (IVGP) and digestibility (IVD) of a complete feed consisted of elephant grass and commercial concentrate at 1:1 ratio. factor A being the preservation methods, factor B being the cryoprotectants, and factor C being the preservation time. IVGP shows that the use of DMSO and glucose as cryoprotectants (P1A, P1B, P2A, & P2B) only held back quality performance and made the noncryoprotected frozen RF (P0A) is the most applicable method for preservation that lasts until 18 days. IVD however resulted in the most similar frozen RF treatment with gradual freezing that uses DMSO as cryoprotectant (P1B). Thus, making DMSO and glucose influenced nothing significant to the frozen RF. Maintaining the reduction of animal welfare while simultaneously keeping the data variation low is achievable and efficient.
The Effect of Gelatin on Water Holding Capacity, Water Activity, Water Content, and Randement of Chicken-Liver Meatball
Authors: Aqila Fairuza Tsabita , Amertaningtyas Dedes
Published: January 2024

Gelatin (C102H151N31) was used as the addition on chicken liver meatballs and had functioned as a binder agent to improve the texture of the liver which crumbles easily by binding the water during heating. The objective of this research was determining the effect of gelatin as the addition in different levels on WHC, Aw, water content, and randement of chicken liver meatball. The materials used for this research were chicken liver meatballs added with different levels of gelatin consisting of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. The method of this research used experimental research, counted with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used 4 treatments and 4 replications. Variables of this research were WHC, Aw, water content, and randement. The result showed that average of WHC on each level are 46.39% ; 47.97% ; 48.73% ; 49.24%, Aw: 0.88; 0.88; 0.88; 0.90, water content: 69.00%; 68.38%; 66.50%; 64.37%, randement: 94.04%; 96.12%; 97.10%; 100.20%. Addition of gelatin did not give significant effect on WHC, Aw, water content, and randement. In conclusion, the addition of gelatin in different levels on chicken liver meatball did not give significant effect on WHC, Aw, water content, and randement
Population Structure and Production of Madura Cattle n Lenteng Subdistrict, Sumenep District, East Java Province
Authors: Kuswati Kuswati , Prafitri Rizky , Septian Wike Andre , Herviyanto Doni , Putri Rafika Febriani
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research was to examine the population structure and production of Madura cows. Indonesian local Madura cows are originally from Madura island. Its development is constantly improved to sustain the existence and production of Madura cows as the main contributor to beef. The research was conducted in Lenteng sub-district, Sumenep district, East Java province from August to September 2023. The research method used was the survey method and sampling was done by accidental sampling. Madura cows data used were 263 heads. Data analysis using descriptive. The results showed that the population structure of Madura cows was 9.89% male calves and 13.69% females, 7.22% young males and 28.52% females, 0% bull and 41% cows. The number of cows to the population was 40.68%, the number of births to the population was 13.69%, the number of mortalities to the population was 2.28%, the Natural Increase was 11.41% with Calf Crop was 29.51%. The results indicated that the production of Madura cows is still low. It is suggested to procure selected males for artificial insemination or natural mating. Based on the population structure there is a rarity of males.
The Effect of Storage Time on Fat Content, Ash Content, and Organoleptic of Mutton Soup Meat
Authors: Sholeha Zahra Avia Cahyaning , Amertaningtyas Dedes
Published: January 2024

The research was conducted to analyze the effects of storage time on fat content, ash content, and organoleptic mutton soup meat. The design used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCD) with three treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of T0 = 0-week storage, T1 = 1-week storage, and T2 = 2-week storage. Variables of this research were fat content, ash content, and organoleptic, such as color, aroma, and taste scores. The average fat content on each treatment was 0.91-1.52%; ash content was 1.08-1.75% and organoleptic such a color 3.5-1.95%; aroma 3.7-2.0% and taste 3.3-1.25%. The research showed that storage time had a significant effect (P<0,05) on the ash content of mutton soup meat, while storage time had a highly significant effect (P<0,01) on fat content and organoleptic. This research concluded that storage at different times affected mutton soup meat on fat content, ash content, and organoleptic.
Influence of Forage Supply, Concentrate Provision, and Farmer Characteristics with the Number of Cattle in Breeding Village
Authors: Negoro Putut Suryo , Rofiq Muhammad Nasir , Kumalasari Nur Rochmah
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the influence of forage supply, concentrate provision, and farmers’ characteristics on the number of cattle in the breeding village. One hundred and three farmers were selected, in interviews were carried out aiming to characterize the management practices related to forage supply, concentrate supply, and farm labour. A linear model was performed to analyze the significant variables. The result showed that the number of cattle was influenced by forage stock, farmers’ experience, and occupation. the correlation analysis showed a weak correlation between forage stock and farmer experience with the number of cattle. The clustering showed the direction effect of forage stock to the right side while the farmers’ experience to the bottom of the cluster. It concluded that the forage supply and farmers’ experience have influenced the number of cattle.
Optimizing Performance of Madura Cattle in Smallholder Farms in Bangkalan Madura
Authors: Icahyaningrum Eva , Kusmartono  , Mashudi  , Ndaru Poespitasari Hazanah
Published: January 2024

Bangkalan Regency is located on Madura Island, which is one of the districts that has a population of 1,047,783 Madura cattle or around 21.7% and 5.99% of the national cattle population. Madura cattle are evenly distributed on Madura Island. Forages that are often used as feed are field grass and agricultural waste. In Vivo research uses concentrate to support the growth of beef cattle in Bangkalan Regency. The concentrate feed ingredients used consist of cassava waste, palm kernel cake, copra meal and tofu waste. The treatment given to Madura cattle consisted of four treatments.The feed treatments consisted of T1 (cassava waste 40% + copra meal 28% + palm kernel cake 30% + tofu waste 2%), T2 (cassava waste 42% + copra meal 36% + palm kernel cake 19% + tofu waste 3%), T3 (cassava waste 38% + copra meal 31% + palm kernel cake 27% + tofu waste 4%), and T4 (cassava waste 41% + copra meal 33% + palm kernel cake 21% + tofu waste 5%). Data on nutrient content and nutrients feed intake were analyzed using a randomized block design (RBD). The results show that local feed ingredients in Bangkalan Regency can influence nutrient content and nutrients feed intake.
Étude de la dynamique des jardins partagés d’autoproduction de la ville de Québec. Une approche des systèmes agri-urbains
Authors: Mestiri Riadh , Berthold Étienne
Published: January 2024

Cette étude applique l’approche des systèmes agri-urbains pour faire état d’une dynamique d’une forme d’agriculture urbaine, en prenant le cas des jardins partagés d’autoproduction (JPA) de la ville de Québec au Canada. L’analyse repose sur des entrevues et une revue de littérature grise, aboutissant à une typologie des JPA basée sur quatre dimensions spécifiques et une cartographie des sites. Deux périodes clés émergent dans le développement des JPA à Québec : la première, des années 1970 à 2010, est caractérisée par l’émergence de l’agriculture urbaine et la prédominance des jardins communautaires en pleine terre. La deuxième période, dans les années 2010, est marquée par une forte croissance des JPA, en particulier des « aménagements comestibles » (aménagements paysagers à vocation comestible), et une reconnaissance accrue de la multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture urbaine. Les organismes communautaires et associatifs jouent un rôle central dans cette croissance et la dynamique générale des JPA.
Analytics for all marketing majors: sparking interest in the uninterested
Authors: Dingus Rebecca , Black Hulda G. , Flink Nicole A.
Published: January 2024

Marketing analytics has an impact on the role of every marketer in some way. However, faculty members often face challenges when recruiting students for courses focused on analytics, and many marketing students tend to avoid quantitative courses due to fear and hesitation. The lack of marketing pedagogy with classroom activities designed to help educators showcase marketing analytics as engaging, interesting, and practical adds to the problem. To meet this need, this paper presents a classroom activity focused on building interest in marketing analytics, designed to be completed in a single-class period in any marketing course by any instructor, regardless of expertise in analytics. Administered in four different marketing courses at three universities, results show that students experienced a significant increase in their awareness of, interest in, and excitement for marketing analytics. Students also experienced a significant decrease in how intimidating they perceive analytics to be. Qualitative comments provide more detail related to fears or hesitations that were lessened by the course activity. Overall, the results support that this activity provided students with a significant increase in their awareness of, interest in, and excitement for marketing analytics.
Comparative analysis of youth transition in bean production systems in Ghana and Cameroon
Authors: Nchanji Eileen , Acheampong Patricia , Ngoh Siri Bella , Nyamolo Victor , Cosmas Lutomia
Published: January 2024

Youth transition in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) value chain remains low in Ghana and Cameroon despite the potential of the bean sub-sector in reducing poverty, unemployment, and undernutrition. This study compared youth transition in the bean value chain in Ghana and Cameroon. It investigated how intersectional elements, including age, influence the uptake of bean production among the youth in these two countries. Data were collected from 266 participants from Ghana and 84 from Cameroon. The data were collected through focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews. The results demonstrated that Ghanaian youth disfavored bean production, while in Cameroon, youth favored bean production. In both cases, parents were instrumental in influencing youth choices. In Ghana, many parents did not approve of their children taking bean production as a primary occupation. By contrast, parents in Cameroon favored bean production and appeared to value agriculture, thus encouraging their children to venture into it. Despite the differences in Ghanaian and Cameroonian youth’ perceptions of agriculture, the challenges they faced that hindered their participation in the bean value chain remained the same: lack of financial support, limited access to land, and lack of technical know-how.
Lithium neutron capture therapy opens new possibilities in cancer treatment
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: January 2024

With the development of 6Li-loaded nanoparticles, the stable lithium ion-based therapy could precisely and safely provide rapid cancer treatment in a high dosage irradiation scheme.
A short guide to recent developments in laser-based gas phase spectroscopy, applications, and tools
Authors: Shumakova V. , Heckl O. H.
Published: January 2024

This article provides an overview of laser-based absorption spectroscopy applications and discusses the parameter space and requirements of laser systems for each of these applications, with a special emphasis on frequency comb systems. We walk the reader through the basics of laser absorption spectroscopy, review common line-broadening mechanisms as fundamental challenges to precision spectroscopy, look into established solutions, introduce frequency-comb-based absorption spectroscopy, and suggest a novel approach to broadband precision spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral region based on a combination of broadband high-power ultra-stable optical frequency combs, crystalline supermirror technology, and an instrumental line-shape-free measurement technique. We conclude after an introduction of noise sources and their implications for precision measurements with an in-depth discussion and overview of the current state-of-the-art laser and optical parametric frequency conversion technologies.
Design of an edge-truncated patch antenna (ETPA) for near-range vehicular RADAR applications
Authors: Nimmagadda Satyanarayana Murthy , Penke Satyanarayana , Padarti Vijaya Kumar , Vanka Saritha , Malleswari Nemalikanti Siva Naga
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the evolution of vehicular safety systems and the burgeoning field of autonomous vehicles have underscored the need for advanced radar solutions tailored to these specific applications. By addressing this need, this paper presents an innovative radar antenna design—the Edge Truncated Patch Antenna (ETPA) integrated with a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR). Distinct from prevalent designs, our novel approach hinges on the unique properties of the CSRR to impart broad-spectrum characteristics to the antenna. This innovation culminates in the realization of an ultra-wide bandwidth of 6.24 GHz, which effectively spans from 24.03 to 30.27 GHz. This bandwidth alignment with the primary frequency range predominantly used in short-range vehicular RADAR applications positions the ETPA as a frontrunner in this domain. A noteworthy feature of our design is its compactness. With dimensions of 5.1 × 4.7 × 0.8 mm3, the proposed antenna stands out as one of the most space-efficient and performance-oriented designs in the contemporary literature. The rigorous simulation processes employed revealed an impressive consistency when juxtaposed with measured outcomes. Minor variations between the two are attributed to inevitable fabrication and soldering nuances. Our design process, from the initial conception to the final product, underscores the pivotal role of meticulous parameter optimization and innovative integration of the CSRR. In conclusion, the proposed ETPA, with its enhanced bandwidth, compact footprint, and consistent performance, establishes a new benchmark in the field.
Ferromagnetic topological states in monolayer vanadium halides toward heterostructure applications
Authors: Zhang Haopeng , Wang Peng , Hao Liyu , Wu Zhimin , Wu Weikang , Cheng Zhenxiang , Yang Tie
Published: January 2024

Topological states in two-dimensional materials have garnered significant research attention in recent years, particularly those with intrinsic magnetic orderings, which hold great potential for spintronic applications. Through theoretical calculations, we unveil the superior band topology of monolayer vanadium trihalides, with a specific focus on V2Cl6. These two-dimensional compounds exhibit a half-metallic ferromagnetic ground state, showcasing excellent thermodynamic and mechanical stabilities. Remarkably, clean band crossings with complete spin polarization manifest as phase transitions between Weyl semimetal states and quantum anomalous Hall states under different magnetization directions, and both topological phases yield prominent edge states. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations estimate a high Curie temperature of up to 381.3 K, suggesting the potential for spintronic development above room temperature. Taking a step forward, we construct two heterojunctions utilizing selected substrates, MoS2 and h-BN. These substrates not only facilitate a suitable lattice integration but also have a negligible impact on the half-metallicity and band topology. These findings lay the groundwork for exploring practical applications of two-dimensional ferromagnetic topological states. Importantly, the presented material candidates have the potential to accelerate the development of room temperature applications and integrate spintronic devices.
Fluid–solid coupling analysis of submerged water jet cavitation micro-forming
Authors: He Peiyu , Jiang Shiying , Zhang Hengjie , Li Fuzhu , Yu Liang , Hu Xinyao , Zhang Linqiang , Wang Yun
Published: January 2024

Submerged cavitating waterjet micro-forming is a novel jetting technology. Existing detection devices cannot accurately detect bubble distribution in still water domains and target workpiece processing areas. To investigate bubble generation and distribution in still water domains and their influence on target micro-forming, a submerged cavitating waterjet micro-forming fluid–solid coupling numerical model was established in this paper. The distribution of submerged cavitating waterjet cavitation effects and the hammering of micro waterjets on metal plates under the action of cavitation bubbles, as well as the coupled forces, were analyzed. The results show that bubble distribution in still water domains is closely related to turbulence, vortices, and pressure distributions. The collapse of cavitation bubbles generates enormous pressure, and the pressure generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles causes the micro waterjet hammers to produce annular deformation zones on the metal plates. The bubble distribution laws and theoretical basis of cavitation micro-forming technology in submerged waterjets are provided in this study, which has very important engineering application significance.
A fractal–fractional perspective on chaotic behavior in 4D memristor-nonlinear system
Authors: Ganie Abdul Hamid , Aljuaydi Fahad , Ahmad Zubair , Bonyah Ebenezer , Khan Naveed , Alharthi N. S. , Murtaza Saqib , AlBaidani Mashael M.
Published: January 2024

The use of fractal–fractional derivatives has attracted considerable interest in the analysis of chaotic and nonlinear systems as they provide a unique capability to represent complex dynamics that cannot be fully described by integer-order derivatives. The fractal–fractional derivative with a power law kernel is used in this paper as an analytical tool to analyze the dynamics of a chaotic integrated circuit. Using coupled ordinary differential equations of classical order, the complexity of an integrated circuit is modeled. The classical order model is generalized via fractal–fractional derivatives of the power law kernel. Moreover, this paper is concerned with investigating the Ulam stability of the model and conducting theoretical studies in order to analyze equilibrium points, identify unique solutions, and verify the existence of such solutions. By examining the complex dynamics that result in chaotic behavior, these investigations shed light on the fundamental properties of integrated circuits. For the purpose of exploring the non-linear fractal–fractional order system, a numerical algorithm has been developed to facilitate our analysis. MATLAB software has been used to implement this algorithm, making it possible to carry out detailed simulations. Simulating solutions are accomplished using 2D and 3D portraits, which provide visual and graphical representations of the results. Throughout the simulation phase, particular attention is given to the impact of fractional order parameter and fractal dimension. As a result of this study, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the system and its response to variations in values.
Sub-terahertz excitations in a synthetic antiferromagnet with perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Zheng Cuixiu , Chen Chao , Hu Shanshan , Zhou Sai , Chen Hao-Hsuan , Liu Yaowen
Published: January 2024

In this paper, micromagnetic simulations are employed to investigate terahertz (THz) magnetic excitations in a spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) with a perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer. The magnetization precession of the free layer can be finely tuned into the sub-THz range without the necessity of external magnetic fields. The excited frequency exhibits two distinctive regions, namely region-I and region-II, depending on the applied current strength. In region-I, characterized by relatively small currents, the two ferromagnetic layers are stabilized at two separate precession orbits. The frequency in this region decreases with current strength, exhibiting similar features as the Néel vector change observed in antiferromagnets. In contrast, region-II is defined by currents where the two ferromagnetic layers synchronize into the same precession orbit. The frequency increases with current, correlating with the variation in the net magnetization of the SAF layer. An analytical model is developed through the canonical transformation of Lagrange’s equation, which can describe the frequency dependence on both the applied current and the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling strengths. The simulations and the analytical model show good agreement, offering a more profound understanding of the magnetic excitation properties in STNOs with ultrathin SAF free layers. These insights are crucial for the design of advanced terahertz spintronic devices.
Multilayer perceptron-based array reader optimization for ultra-high density magnetic recording
Authors: Rueangnetr N. , Warisarn C.
Published: January 2024

We have previously presented a utilization of a long-short-term memory (LSTM) network to improve the reliability of the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) in a coded three-head/three-track bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) system. To continuously enhance a bit error rate (BER) performance; therefore, this article introduces a novel LLR flipper utilizing a multilayer perceptron (MLP), which operates under the optimization of input numbers of array reader positions. We first optimize an input number of MLP-based soft-information flippers with varying the number of recording bits in various data patterns. Then, the right positions of an array reader under the operation of our proposed MPL flipper are also optimized to obtain better BER performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MLP flipper significantly improves BER performance compared to the previous LSTM flipper using the same input number. Moreover, our proposed system still provides superior performance when it is operated under an optimal input number and can be higher when working with the right array reader positions.