bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice Reaction Time in Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Females: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Muley Parikshit , Muley Pranjali , Lanjekar Purva , Lanjekar Puja , Tathod Shrutika , Wadikar Surendra
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The gonadal hormone output of females fluctuates monthly, and the endometrium, ovaries, and other genital organs undergo physical changes. It is known that women experience fluctuations in mood, energy, and cognitive abilities during different phases of their Menstrual Cycle (MC). Reaction Time (RT) is utilised to measure the ability of brain processing. The present study analysed the effect of various phases occurring in the MC on choice RT. Aim: To determine whether hormonal changes that occur throughout the MC and its phases may have any effect on cognition. Materials and Methods: An observational analytical crosssectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The study duration was six months, from August 2021 to April 2022. A total of 50 apparently healthy females aged 18-25 years were included in the study. The subjects with a history of normal and regular MC for the last six months were included. The Choice Reaction Time (CRT) with visual and auditory stimuli was analysed using an RT apparatus developed by Anand Agencies, Pune, India. In CRT, random auditory and visual stimuli were given to the subjects, and they had to react accordingly. The RT apparatus timer started when the stimuli were given, and it automatically stopped when the subject reacted, providing the RT. RT was noted in the subjects on four occasions: two days prior to menstrual bleeding (premenstrual), the 2nd day during menstruation, the 8th day (follicular phase), and the 18th day after menstrual bleeding (luteal phase). The average value of each type of Visual Reaction Time (VRT) and Auditory Reaction Time (ART) in the various menstrual phases was noted and analysed. The level of significance in the various menstrual phases was analysed with inferential statistical study using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: In the present study, prolongation of visual and ART was seen in the luteal phase. There was prolongation of VRT when the luteal phase was compared to the menstrual and follicular phase, but the difference was not statistically significant (p<0.05). While in ART, there was prolongation when the luteal phase was compared with the premenstrual, menstrual, and follicular phase, but the difference was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The current study reveals that there was a non significant prolongation of visual and ART in the luteal phase of MC when CRT was analysed. Thus, it was observed that there was no influence of fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones on ART and VRT in various phases of the MC while conducting CRT.
Adequacy of Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade with or without Train-of-Four Monitoring: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Kadur Siddesh N , Devi Gayathri M
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Adequate reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade (NMB) is essential when using muscle relaxants to avoid residual paralysis postoperatively. Reversal can be achieved using clinical parameters or, alternatively, by Train-of-Four (TOF) monitoring. Aim: To evaluate the adequacy of successful NMB reversal using clinical parameters-based endpoints compared to using TOF monitoring. Materials and Methods: The hospital-based randomised controlled study conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, SDM Medical College, Dharwad, Karnataka, India for a peroid of two years from November 2019 to December 2021. Consisted of 120 subjects divided into two groups: Group-C (Clinical parameters) and group T (TOF monitoring), aged 18-60 years of either sex with American Soceity of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring intubation. Extubation was achieved in group C using clinical parameters like return of spontaneous respiratory efforts, adequate Tidal Volume (TV) (≥5 mL/kg), obeying simple commands, absence of excessive secretions, and in group T using TOF monitoring. The t-test was used to compare the difference between the groups. The Chi-square test was done for contingency data. A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 (p-value≤0.05) indicates statistical significance. Results: In the study, both group C and group T were comparable in terms of age {(41.15±10.23 years, 41.03±11.9 years) p-value=0.95}, sex (m/f) {(46.6%/53.3% and 63.3%/36.6%) p-value=0.06}, and Basal Metabolic Index (BMI) {≤25=59.1%, 25- 30=33.3%, ≥30=7.5%, p-value=0.57}, respectively. Five patients in group C had residual paralysis, whereas none in group T. Reversal-extubation time in minutes (min) in group C {5.9± 2.2, 5.4 (2-15.2)} and group T {6.6± 1.9, 6.24 (3.3-12.2)} (p-value=0.07), TOF value at the time of extubation in group C {72.1±11.6, 72 (41-91)}, group T {72.75±2.74, 72 (70-79)} (p-value=0.69). TOF value after 10 minutes of extubation in group C {92.5±7.1, 94 (66- 100)} and group T {95.6±2.7, 96 (90-100)} (p-value=0.006). Conclusion: The TOF monitoring is better compared to a clinical parameters-based reversal strategy in reducing the incidence of residual paralysis and resulting complications whenever Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs) are used. Hence, it is desirable to use Neuromuscular Monitoring with the use of NMBAs.
Clinical and Microbiological Profile of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Bacteraemia: A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India
Authors: Kilikdar Mousumi , Jampala Srinivas , Niranjan Sandhya , Rehman Zainab , Saha Nirmalya
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (E. meningoseptica) is an emerging pathogen that causes bloodstream infections, especially among immunocompromised or critically ill patients. Due to its multidrug resistance, limited antibiotic treatments are available. Therefore, correct identification with a proper susceptibility report is compulsory to reduce mortality and morbidity caused by this rare pathogen. Aim: To analyse the clinical features, underlying comorbidity, outcomes, and antibiotic resistance potential of E. meningoseptica causing bacteraemia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Microbiology, Rajshree Medical Research Institute (RMRI), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study spanned three years from August 2020 to July 2023. All patients with E. meningoseptica bacteraemia were identified from blood culture reports and included in the study. As it was a duration-based study, all consecutive patients identified with E. meningoseptica bacteraemia were enrolled. The total sample size was 43. Blood samples growing gram negative, non fermenting, non motile isolates that were positive for the oxidase reaction were further identified using the Vitek 2 compact system (Biomerieux, France). All relevant data regarding demographic and clinical characteristics, underlying diseases, and antibiotic treatments were collected from the hospital information system. Patient demographics were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Clinical characteristics and co-morbid conditions were presented as frequency and percentages. Results: The majority of patients were elderly males admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The most common underlying co-morbidity was malignancy in 12 (27.9%), and pneumonia in 12 (48.8%) was the major diagnosis among these bacteraemic patients. A total of 10 (23.25%) infections were polymicrobial, with common concomitant pathogens being Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and Piperacillin/ Tazobactam were the most effective antibiotics. Thirty-nine (90.7%) patients recovered completely, while four patients (9.3%) died of complications. Conclusion: Improper antimicrobial therapy increases resistance and mortality among patients with E. meningoseptica infections. It is imperative that clinicians remain vigilant about this rare pathogen and advise antimicrobial susceptibility testing for appropriate treatment, leading to favourable outcomes.
Approaches to Integrate Mental Health Services in Primary Care: A Scoping Review of System-Level Barriers and Enablers to Implementation
Authors: Mauer-Vakil Dane , Sunderji Nadiya , Webb Denise , Rudoler David , Allin Sara
Published: December 2023

Collaborative care models offer an evidence-based approach to address mental health in primary care, yet in Canada its implementation seldom conforms to evidence-based practice. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to address the question: What are the system-level barriers and enablers to implementing collaborative care models to integrate mental health services in primary care? Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed studies published from 1990–2020. We utilized an implementation science framework to inform our analysis. Our themes included funding; health practitioner workforce/training; and relationships with initiatives, organizations, and communities. This review informs the scaling of collaborative care initiatives that integrate mental health services into primary care.
Identifying Characteristics of Community-Embedded Positive Mental Health Promotion Programs: An Integrative Review
Authors: Hill Taylor G. , Heyland Lindsay K. , Keddy Sophie , Kaser Alanna , Langley Jodi E.
Published: December 2023

Mental health programs are varied in scope and nature; there is little consensus across theoretical background and program content. This review consists of a database search complemented by an environmental scan. The peer-reviewed literature mapped the body of literature on national and international programs embedded in the community. Records (N = 12) on primary studies describing programs were included and complemented by an environmental scan of existing community programs in one Canadian province (N = 16). Most programs were considered effective, psychoeducational in nature, and grounded in positive psychology theory. A promising path forward for promoting mental health is through enhancing mental health literacy (MHL); community MHL programs require further investigation.
A Qualitative Study of the Delivery of Tele-Mental Health Services to People with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness with a History of Homelessness
Authors: Turner K. A. , Roebuck M. , Deacon E. , Wood M. , Aubry T. , Sylvestre J.
Published: December 2023

Covid-19 has presented challenges to community mental health organizations that have historically almost exclusively delivered in-person services. This study uses qualitative methods to examine the launch of tele-mental health case management delivery in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in a community mental health organization, from the perspectives of case managers and clients. Tele-mental health challenges included access to and use of technology, and limitations of technology. Our findings suggest that tele-mental health case management delivered via the phone and videoconferencing is viewed, for the most part, positively by both clients and case managers, although it cannot fully replicate in-person services.
Study on Population Dynamics of Insect Pests of Cowpea in Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Choudhary Suman , Singh Pradyumn , Mahore Prince , Makwana Mitesh , Mahor Dheerendra
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during the Kharif season 2022-23. To study the population dynamics of insect pests of cowpea during Kharif, 2022, incidence of insect pests was observed on kharif cowpea, namely aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) thrips, Megleurothrips distalis (karny), Jassid, Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) and whiteflies, Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh). Results revealed that the  A. craccivora population first became apparent in the third week of August (33rd SMW) with 7.43. The activeness of A. craccivora per plant (19.89) was at peak level was recorded in the 37th standard week. The infestation of E. kerri and A. rachipora commenced in the second week of August (32nd SMW) with a mean population of 0.91 E. kerri per plant and 1.89 A. rachipora per plant. At second week of September (36th SMW), the mean value of E. kerri and A. rachipora population was reached their highest activity with 10.24 E. kerri  and 5.45 A. rachipora per plant. M. distalis population appeared in first time in the fourth week of August (34th SMW) with 2.72 M. distalis per plant. The peak activity of M. distalis (6.89) was recorded in the 37th standard week, or the second week of September. The population of A. rachipora and E. Kerri showed a highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r= 0.738*) and (r= 0.582*), and A. rachipora showed  a positive correlation with maximum temperature (r= 0.580*) respectively. However, the population of A. craccivora and M. distalis showed a significant negative correlation with evening relative humidity (r= -0.519*) and (r= -0.582*).
Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties of Soil and Irrigation Water Quality of Phulpur Blocks of Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav Pravind , Swaroop Narendra , David Arun A. , Thomas Tarence , Singh Anurag Kumar , Kaur Komalpreet
Published: December 2023

We aimed to study nutrient status in Phulpur block of Prayagraj District of Uttar Pradesh, India. We collected representative soil samples covering nine villages of Phulpur division at depths like 0-15cm, 15-30cm and 30-45cm before sowing of crops. The soil samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties. Results show that the soil samples of the areas of the Phulpur division were found to be mildly alkaline and non-saline. There are many reasons leading to soil quality deterioration, including changes in land use types of forest to arable land and the consequences of intensive land use. The colour of soil changes between the three depths at all locations. There were differences in the colour of dry and wet soils was dark brown to dark yellowish brown. The soil bulk density varied from 1.22 to 1.41 Mg m-3, soil particle density varied from 2.291 to 2.452 Mg m-3, pore space from 41.6 to 48.2 %, water holding capacity from 36.60 to 43.30 % respectively. Soil pH varied from 7.26 to 7.84 and EC is 0.24 to 0.38 dS m-1. while soil organic carbon varied from 0.29 to 0.45 % and available nitrogen from low to medium (180 to 275 kg ha-1), available phosphorous from medium to high (10.80 to 22.5 kg ha-1), potassium was found to be medium range (132.00 to 231.00 kg ha⁻1), exchangeable calcium and magnesium low from (3.48 to 5.50 Meq 100g-1) and (1.66 to 2.72 Meq 100g-1) respectively. The water pH of varied from 6.24 to 7.50, the electrical conductivity of water ranged from 0.31 to 0.90 dS m-1, the bicarbonate of water varied from 7 to 18 Meq L-1, the chloride of water varied from 4.5 to 10.4 Meq L-1, the available calcium of water varied from 4.2 to 8 Meq L-1, the available magnesium of water varied from 2.5 to 3.6 Meq L-1, the potassium of water varied from 0.05 to 0.17 Meq L-1 and the sodium of water varied from 0.08 to 0.21 Meq L-1. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 Meq L-1, indicating low to moderate levels of sodium content in the water samples. The soluble sodium percent (SSP) ranged from 1.47 to 3.93 Meq L-1, providing further insight into the sodium content in the water. The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) varied from -2.4 to 7.4 Meq L-1. The permeability Index (PI) ranged from 28 to 56 Meq L-1, serving as an indicator of the potential impact of water on soil permeability, the Kelley's ratio (KR) ranged from 0.08 to 0.024 Meq L-1. The KR is a measure of the sodium hazard in irrigation water, with lower values indicating a lower risk of sodium-related issues in soil and crops. The range of the irrigation water quality index value ranged from 44 to 157 Meq L-1 it was determined that 100% of the samples are in suitable range for irrigation.
A Review Article on the Impact of Covid-19 on Data Centers and Cloud Infrastructure
Authors: Ayeni Oluwafunto , Esho Temiwande , Lasisi Oluwafunsho , Peter Olorunmaiye
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disruptеd global opеrations, nеcеssitating a rapid pivot to rеmotе work and digital collaboration. This study prеsеnts a litеraturе rеviеw еxploring thе consеquеntial role that cloud computing has played during this pеriod. By analyzing a range of scholarly articles, this rеviеw synthеsizеs thе еxisting rеsеarch on thе impact of thе pandеmic on cloud computing infrastructurе and sеrvicеs. It еxaminеs thе mеthodologiеs еmployеd by various rеsеarchеrs, including systеmatic litеraturе rеviеws, sеcondary data analysis, and еxtеnsivе statistical analysis using tools likе SPSS. Thе data analysis sеction scrutinizеs how diffеrеnt sеctors havе adaptеd to rеmotе work, thе innovations that havе еmеrgеd within cloud computing, thе sеcurity concеrns that havе arisеn with its incrеasеd usе, and thе ovеrall еffеcts on thе IT industry. This study highlights the significance of cloud computing in maintaining continuity during this pandеmic and discusses thе potential for continuеd rеliancе on cloud sеrvicеs post-pandеmic. Thе findings suggеst that cloud computing has not only been crucial in addressing immеdiatе opеrational challеngеs but also holds thе promisе of sustaining long-tеrm transformations in businеss and tеchnology landscapеs. Thе rеsеarch quеstions dеrivеd from thе rеviеwеd litеraturе aim to furthеr guidе scholarly inquiry into thе еvolving dynamics of cloud computing in a post-pandеmic world.
Modeling the Yield of Glycine max (L.) Merrill Using Mixture Process Variable Model within an Optimal Split-Plot Design
Authors: Wanyonyi Samson W. , Koech Julius K.
Published: December 2023

A mixture design has become famous in statistical modeling in a mixture process variable experiment owing to its usefulness in modeling the blending surface that predicts the response of any mixture empirical. The mixture blends included manure from cows, chickens, goats, and sheep while the process variable was seeding rate of Glycine max seeds and the pH of the soil. The effect of variety of the seed used was established through variation of seeds per acre with uniform application of organic and inorganic fertilizer. This study's main aim was to determine the best desirable split-plot design for performing the Glycine max experiment with the settings mixture-process variables. The split-plot design (SPD) was used to solve the problem of restricted randomization. It constituted a simplex centroid design (SCD) of four design points of mixture components and  factorial design with a central composite design (CCD) of the process variable. We formulated a new Scheffe model and the proposed design for SPD for the combined second-order mixture process variable model with CCD.  We used the restricted maximum likelihood method to approximate values for  parameter models within the SPD. We also found the effect of mixture component at vertices of components of the mixture plus with interaction effect between mixture and process variable to have the highest impact on the growth and pod development of Glycine max. The optimum total yield of Glycine max for variety R184 and Blyvoor used in Bushel per acre was 180.53 and 219. 217, respectively on the Whole Plot with a pH of soil being 5.4. The mean response maximum optimum yield for the total number of pods per plant and seeds per pod of Glycine max were found to be 32.30 and 2.331, respectively. We recommend using SPDs in experiments involving mixture settings formulations to measure the interaction effects of both the mixture components and the processing conditions like a pH of the soil and seeding rate.
Earnings of US Physicians With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Kakara Mihir , Venkataramani Atheendar S.
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study uses American Community Survey data to assess disability earnings gaps for physicians between 2005 and 2019.
Venous Thromboembolism in Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Simon Samantha J. , Patell Rushad , Zwicker Jeffrey I. , Kazi Dhruv S. , Hollenbeck Brian L.
Published: December 2023

Importance

The optimal pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis agent after total hip and total knee arthroplasty is uncertain and consensus is lacking. Quantifying the risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding and evaluating comparative effectiveness and safety of the thromboprophylaxis strategies can inform care.

Objective

To quantify risk factors for postoperative VTE and bleeding and compare patient outcomes among pharmacological thromboprophylaxis agents used after total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data from a large health care claims database. Participants included patients in the United States with hip or knee arthroplasty and continuous insurance enrollment 3 months prior to and following their surgical procedure. Patients were excluded if they received anticoagulation before surgery, received no postsurgical pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, or had multiple postsurgery thromboprophylactic agents. In a propensity-matched analysis, patients receiving a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) were matched with those receiving aspirin.

Exposures

Aspirin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, enoxaparin, or warfarin.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was 30-day cumulative incidence of postdischarge VTE. Other outcomes included postdischarge bleeding.

Results

Among 29 264 patients included in the final cohort, 17 040 (58.2%) were female, 27 897 (95.2%) had inpatient admissions with median (IQR) length of stay of 2 (1-2) days, 10 948 (37.4%) underwent total hip arthroplasty, 18 316 (62.6%) underwent total knee arthroplasty; and median (IQR) age was 59 (55-63) years. At 30 days, cumulative incidence of VTE was 1.19% (95% CI, 1.06%-1.32%) and cumulative incidence of bleeding was 3.43% (95% CI, 3.22%-3.64%). In the multivariate analysis, leading risk factors associated with increased VTE risk included prior VTE history (odds ratio [OR], 5.94 [95% CI, 4.29-8.24]), a hereditary hypercoagulable state (OR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.32-5.28]), knee arthroplasty (OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.29-2.10]), and male sex (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.08-1.67]). In a propensity-matched cohort of 7844 DOAC-aspirin pairs, there was no significant difference in the risk of VTE in the first 30 days after the surgical procedure (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.82-1.59]), but postoperative bleeding was more frequent in patients receiving DOACs (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.13-1.62]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients who underwent total hip or total knee arthroplasty, underlying patient risk factors, but not choice of aspirin or DOAC, were associated with postsurgical VTE. Postoperative bleeding rates were lower in patients prescribed aspirin. These results suggest that thromboprophylaxis strategies should be patient-centric and tailored to individual risk of thrombosis and bleeding.
Correlation between variant allele frequency and mean tumor molecules with tumor burden in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Kalashnikova Ekaterina , Aushev Vasily N. , Malashevich Allyson Koyen , Tin Antony , Krinshpun Shifra , Salari Raheleh , Scalise Carly Bess , Ram Rosalyn , Malhotra Meenakshi , Ravi Harini , Sethi Himanshu , Sanchez Stephanie , Hagelstrom Robert Tanner , Brevnov Maxim , Rabinowitz Matthew , Moshkevich Solomon , Zimmermann Bernhard G. , Liu Minetta C. , Aleshin Alexey
Published: December 2023

Several studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); however, the correlation of mean tumor molecules (MTM)/ml of plasma and mean variant allele frequency (mVAF; %) with clinical parameters is yet to be understood. In this study, we analyzed ctDNA data in a pan‐cancer cohort of 23 543 patients who had ctDNA testing performed using a personalized, tumor‐informed assay (Signatera™, mPCR‐NGS assay). For ctDNA‐positive patients, the correlation between MTM/ml and mVAF was examined. Two subanalyses were performed: (a) to establish the association of ctDNA with tumor volume and (b) to assess the correlation between ctDNA dynamics and patient outcomes. On a global cohort, a positive correlation between MTM/ml and mVAF was observed. Among 18 426 patients with longitudinal ctDNA measurements, 13.3% had discordant trajectories between MTM/ml and mVAF at subsequent time points. In metastatic patients receiving immunotherapy (N = 51), changes in ctDNA levels expressed both in MTM/ml and mVAF showed a statistically significant association with progression‐free survival; however, the correlation with MTM/ml was numerically stronger.
Grow‐contact simulation of hybrid joints for living architectures
Authors: Zhang Tianhao , Kawaguchi Ken'ichi
Published: December 2023

Hybrid joints consist of living trees and industrial materials are the solutions to realize the living architectures. However, the mechanism of grow‐contact‐swallow behavior remains ambiguous. Some computational graphical methods have struggled to generate the tree geometry. However, physical features such as stiffness were not considered. In this paper, we proposed a grow‐contact simulation method for describing the swallowing process to generate hybrid joints. Our temporal evolution approach is implemented using the Non‐Uniform Rational B‐Spline curves, and the genetic algorithms. We formulate the grow‐contact process as a solution for optimization problem that leads to the state with minimal total generalized potential energy. We conclude that the simulation results explain 4 general contact behaviors, concerning stiffness, and the age of the tree as the mechanical metrics. Especially for swallowing behavior, the three‐dimensional geometry prediction shows potential for the design of hybrid joints for living architectures.
Guided Search to Self‐Healing in Semiconductors
Authors: Py‐Renaudie Alexandre , Soffer Yahel , Singh Pallavi , Kumar Sujit , Ceratti Davide R. , Mualem Yuval , Rosenhek‐Goldian Irit , Oron Dan , Cohen Sidney R. , Schulz Philip , Cahen David , Guillemoles Jean‐François
Published: December 2023

Self‐healing (SH) of (opto)electronic material damage can have a huge impact on resource sustainability. The rising interest in halide perovskite (HaP) compounds over the past decade is due to their excellent semiconducting properties for crystals and films, even if made by low‐temperature solution‐based processing. Direct proof of self‐healing in Pb‐based HaPs is demonstrated through photoluminescence recovery from photodamage, fracture healing and their use as high‐energy radiation and particle detectors. Here, the question of how to find additional semiconducting materials exhibiting SH, in particular lead‐free ones is addressed. Applying a data‐mining approach to identify semiconductors with favorable mechanical and thermal properties, for which Pb HaPs are clear outliers, it is found that the Cs2AuIAuIIIX6, (X = I, Br, Cl) family, which is synthesized and tested for SH. This is the first demonstration of self‐healing of Pb‐free inorganic HaP thin films, by photoluminescence recovery.
Pentagon Defects Accelerating Polysulfides Conversion Enabled High‐Performance Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zheng Fangcai , Zhang Yuhang , Ding Gaohui , Xiao Yue , Wei Lingzhi , Su Jianwei , Wang Changlai , Chen Qianwang , Wang Hui
Published: December 2023

Porous carbon materials with high electrical conductivity and superior mechanical strength have been demonstrated to be one of most promising sulfur hosts for room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries. However, the nonpolar surface of intact graphite lattice displays weak interaction toward the polar polysulfides, thereby resulting in the notorious shuttle effect and poor sulfur conversion kinetics. Herein, pentagon defects are designed into the graphite lattice to break the integrity of π‐conjugation, making the localized electron distribution to simultaneously enhance the polysulfide affinity and accelerate sulfur conversion kinetics. Notably, the as‐synthesized carbon materials as the sulfur host exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1275 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles and long‐term cycling stability with low‐capacity decay of only 0.035% per cycle at 3 C over 600 cycles. Density functional theory calculations and electrochemical experiments confirm that pentagon defects could efficiently accelerate the chemical interaction between pentagon carbon atoms and polysulfides, and markedly lower the sulfur conversion kinetics in comparison with intact graphene. This research offers a basis for designing intrinsic pentagon defects in carbon materials as efficient catalysts for RT Na–S batteries.
Magnetic Liquid Metals: A Review
Authors: Kim Daeyoung , Jeong Jinwon , Chung Sang Kug , Lee Jeong Bong (JB)
Published: December 2023

Magnetic liquid metal (MLM) is a mixture of magnetic particles with gallium‐based liquid metals which utilizes an unconventional combination of fluidity, high thermal/electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and magnetism. Recently, from materials to applications, studies on MLMs have drastically increased. Single or multiple MLMs can be precisely positioned or can act as a carrier for handling other objects. MLMs are also used in biomedical applications such as cancer treatment by hyperthermia and precision delivery of cancer drugs on tumors, or antibacterial coating which kills bacteria. In electronics applications, MLMs are used for magnetic field‐driven patterning of metallic lines, reconfigurable interconnects, electronic tattoos, and reconfigurable electromagnetic wave shielding. Phase change (solid/liquid) of MLMs adds another unique capability, morphing. A combination of innovations in the micro/nano robots and MLMs has huge potential to bring an unprecedented disruptive technology for a wide variety of applications including self‐morphing shape‐recovery robots, highly localized cancer treatment, and reconfigurable stealth/camouflage, among others. This article comprehensively reviews recent developments in MLMs from the materials to methods of preparation, locomotion of MLMs, their applications, and future outlooks.
Anisotropy in Antimicrobial Bottle Brush Copolymers and Its Influence on Biological Activity
Authors: Lehnen Anne‐Catherine , Kogikoski Sergio , Stensitzki Till , AlSawaf Ahmad , Bapolisi Alain M. , Wolff Martin , De Breuck Jonas , Müller‐Werkmeister Henrike M. , Chiantia Salvatore , Bald Ilko , Leiske Meike N. , Hartlieb Matthias
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial polymers are a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Cationic bottle brush copolymers have shown to be superior to linear topologies in previous studies. Herein, the aspect ratio of such polymers is varied creating differently shaped confined unimolecular structures with varying degrees of side chain mobility. Using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization, bottle brushes are produced in a one‐pot procedure. The morphology is confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The hydrophobicity, as determined via high performance‐liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, is drastically influenced by the topology. Using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, it is found that polymers with a high side chain mobility and increased global hydrophilicity, are less hydrated, and have stronger intramolecular hydrogen bonds. A phase segregated morphology leading to unimolecular micellization is assumed. Biological tests reveal increased antimicrobial activity for such segregated polymers. Their excellent hemocompatibility results in highly selective antimicrobial polymers whose adaptability seems to be a key feature in their excellent performance. This study highlights the tremendous importance of structural control in antimicrobial polymers.
Neutrophil Function Conversion Driven by Immune Switchpoint Regulator against Diabetes‐Related Biofilm Infections
Authors: Guo Geyong , Liu Zihao , Yu Jinlong , You Yanan , Li Mingzhang , Wang Boyong , Tang Jin , Han Pei , Wu Jianrong , Shen Hao
Published: December 2023

Reinforced biofilm structures and dysfunctional neutrophils induced by excessive oxidative stress contribute to the refractoriness of diabetes‐related biofilm infections (DRBIs). Herein, in contrast to traditional antibacterial therapies, an immune switchpoint‐driven neutrophil immune function conversion strategy based on a deoxyribonuclease I loaded vanadium carbide MXene (DNase‐I@V2C) nanoregulator is proposed to treat DRBIs via biofilm lysis and redirecting neutrophil functions from NETosis to phagocytosis in diabetes. Owing to its intrinsic superoxide dismutase/catalase‐like activities, DNase‐I@V2C effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a high oxidative stress microenvironment to maintain the biological activity of DNase‐I. By increasing the depth of biofilm penetration of DNase‐I, DNase‐I@V2C thoroughly degrades extracellular DNA and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in extracellular polymeric substances, thus breaking the physical barrier of biofilms. More importantly, as an immune switchpoint regulator, DNase‐I@V2C can skew neutrophil functions from NETosis toward phagocytosis by intercepting ROS–NE/MPO–PAD4 and activating ROS–PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathways in diabetic microenvironment, thereby eliminating biofilm infections. Biofilm lysis and synergistic neutrophil function conversion exert favorable therapeutic effects on biofilm infections in vitro and in vivo. This study serves as a proof‐of‐principle demonstration of effectively achieving DRBIs with high therapeutic efficacy by regulating immune switchpoint to reverse neutrophil functions.
Electrical Double Layer Formation at Intercalation Cathode–Organic Electrolyte Interfaces During Initial Lithium‐Ion Battery Reactions
Authors: Nakayama Junpei , Zhou Huangkai , Izumi Jun , Watanabe Kenta , Suzuki Kota , Nemoto Fumiya , Yamada Norifumi L. , Kanno Ryoji , Hirayama Masaaki
Published: December 2023

Information on the cathode/organic–electrolyte interface structure provides clues regarding the rate and reversibility of lithium intercalation reactions in lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, structural changes within the LiCoO2 electrode, throughout the interphase region, and in the LiPF6/propylene carbonate electrolyte are observed concurrently by in situ neutron reflectometry. The formation of an electrical double layer (EDL) during the early stages of charging and discharging is investigated and compared with that at an intercalation‐inactive Nb:SrTiO3 electrode. At the intercalation‐inactive interface between Nb:SrTiO3 and the electrolyte, a voltage‐dependent ionic distribution corresponding to the EDL forms on the electrolyte side without the formation of a cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer. In contrast, at the intercalation‐active LiCoO2/electrolyte interface, a CEI layer forms immediately after cell construction, and the ionic distribution in the electrolyte formed outside the CEI layer scarcely changes upon voltage application. The CEI/electrolyte interface is shielded from potential changes by the electronically insulating CEI; therefore, structural changes in the EDL are restricted. This supports the prevailing understanding that the CEI layer defines the rates of solvation/de‐solvation and adsorption/desorption reactions of lithium ions.
Side‐Chain Engineering of Y‐Series Acceptors with Halogenated End‐Group for Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Xuyao Song , Kim Hyeon Su , Lee Gyeong Min , Ahn Hyungju , Kim Yun‐Hi , Shim Jae Won
Published: December 2023

Diverse design strategies for nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have aided the development of efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for Internet‐of‐things‐enabled gadgets. However, the side‐chain approach to Y‐series NFAs for fabricating indoor OPVs remains largely unexplored. In this study, the synthesis and photovoltaic characteristics of two side‐chain engineered NFAs with halogenated end‐groups (BTP‐PO‐4F and BTP‐PO‐4Cl) are investigated. NFAs with a Y6 core unit are modified with butyloctyl inner side chains and ethylhexyloxynaphthyl outer side chains. The extended conjugation moiety contributed to red‐shifted absorption, with the chlorination effect presenting a more pronounced influence than fluorination. Further, the outer moiety introduced a slight electron‐withdrawing effect on the Y6 core unit, resulting in energy‐level downshifts. An excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.2% is achieved in fluorinated OPVs under a light‐emitting diode lamp (1000 lux). Moreover, integrating the Y6 NFA into the binary blend further enhanced the PCE, reaching 28.3% in PM6:Y6:halogenated NFA ternary OPVs. The panchromatic absorption, high crystallinity, and cascaded energy levels of the ternary blends contribute to achieving a sufficient spectral match and suppress trap‐assisted recombination, ultimately fostering a substantially enhanced fill factor and PCEs under indoor lighting.
Thermal Stability of Schottky Contacts and Rearrangement of Defects in β‐Ga2O3 Crystals
Authors: Seyidov Palvan , Varley Joel B. , Frodason Ymir Kalmann , Klimm Detlef , Vines Lasse , Galazka Zbigniew , Chou Ta‐Shun , Popp Andreas , Irmscher Klaus , Fiedler Andreas
Published: December 2023

The thermal stability of different Schottky contacts (Au, Pt, and Ni) on (100) β‐Ga2O3 single crystals grown by the Czochralski method is investigated. Besides the examination of the Schottky barrier parameters, contact‐dependent defect levels are investigated by deep‐level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) in a 100–650 K (ramp‐up) and 650–100 K (ramp‐down) temperature cycle. Several defect levels are detected below the conduction band minimum at 0.41, 0.60, 0.77, 0.96, and 1.17 eV. In the temperature ramp‐down DLTS, the 1.17 eV level disappears, and the 0.60 eV level appears for all Schottky contacts. DFT calculations suggest that rearrangement and dissociation of a single hydrogen from a doubly‐hydrogenated Ga─O divacancy complex occurs during the temperature sweep under bias. The trap level at 0.96 eV only appears after the thermal load for the Ni contact, in contrast to Au and Pt, where it is present without a thermal budget. Temperature‐dependent leakage current (at −4 V) measurements indicate oxidation of Ni, and further thermodynamic analysis suggests alloying of Au‐Ga atoms at the Au/β‐Ga2O3 interface. These studies provide insight into the behavior induced by these common Schottky contacts and the alteration associated with temperature cycling.
A Low‐Cost Al(OH)3‐Modified Fire‐Retardant and Shuttle‐Limiting Separator for Safe and Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Junhua , Zhang Chi , Xie Chuan , Wang Huimin , Fan Haining , Guo Yanpeng , Wang Chao , Chen Fan , Ding Yichun , Huang Qiyao , Zheng Zijian
Published: December 2023

Lithium–sulfur battery (LSB) possesses high theoretical energy density, but its poor cycling stability and safety issues significantly restrict progress in practical applications. Herein, a low‐cost and simple Al(OH)3‐based modification of commercial separator, which renders the battery outstanding fire‐retardant and stable cycling, is reported. The modification is carried out by a simple blade coating of an ultrathin composite layer, mainly consisting of Al(OH)3 nanoparticles and conductive carbon, on the cathode side of the separator. The Al(OH)3 shows strong chemical absorption ability toward Lewis‐based polysulfides and outstanding fire retardance through a self‐decomposition mechanism under high heat, while the conductive carbon material acts as a top current collector to prevent dead polysulfide. LSB using the Al(OH)3‐modified separator shows an extremely low average capacity decade per cycle during 1000 cycles at 2 C (0.029%, 1 C = 1600 mA g−1). The pouch cell exhibiting high energy density (426 Wh kg−1) can also steadily cycle for more than 100 cycles with high capacity retention (70.2% at 0.1 C). The effectiveness and accessibility of this Al(OH)3 modification strategy will hasten the practical application progress of LSBs.
Optimization of phosphate fertilizer application strategies to improve phosphorus availability and utilization in maize
Authors: Wang Shulan , Ruan Yihao , Du Mingxue , Sun Wei , Zhang Yinglei , Wang Yongchao , Guo Jiameng , Shao Ruixin , Yang Qinghua , Wang Hao
Published: December 2023

The optimization of phosphate (P) fertilizer application strategies to improve the utilization of P fertilizer in farmlands is urgently required. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of P fertilizer application rate and position on maize (Zea maysL.) P utilization. A 2‐year field experiment was conducted with P fertilizer application rate (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and position (5 and 10 cm). Compared with the 5‐cm P position, the 10‐cm P position significantly increased the available phosphorus (AP) content in rhizosphere soil. Surprisingly, the rhizosphere AP content increased or remained the same when the amount of P fertilizer was reduced to 80 kg ha−1at a distance of 5 cm, compared with that when the amount of P fertilizer was 120 kg ha−1at a distance of 10 cm. Additionally, there was also an improvement in the root weight, root number, biomass, and maize yield in the 5‐cm position compared to the 10‐cm position. The P fertilizer use efficiency was significantly increased at the 5‐cm position compared to the 10‐cm P position, with increases of 8.93% and 4.11% (P40), 6.38% and 5.10% (P80), and 4.72% and 2.36% (P120) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Our results showed that a closer position increased the available P content in rhizosphere soil, promoted maize growth, and improved P fertilizer utilization and maize yield, suggesting that the agronomy method with proper location of P increases the soil P availability in rhizosphere soil and P utilization in maize.
The new Schiff‐base complex of copper(II) grafted on mesoporous KIT‐6 as an effective nanostructure catalyst for the homoselective synthesis of various tetrazoles
Authors: Akbari Manzar , Nikoorazm Mohsen , Tahmasbi Bahman , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash
Published: December 2023

In this work, KIT‐6 mesoporous silica material was used to create heterogeneous catalyst due to its excellent surface area, substantial pore volume, and highly functionalized surface. A copper(II) Schiff‐base complex was fabricated on the surface of KIT‐6. For this purpose, (3‐iodopropyl)trimethoxysilane (IPTMS) was synthesized as a linker from (3‐choloropropyl)trimethoxysilane through a simple SN2 reaction using NaI. On the other hand, ligand (a) was synthesized from condensation of diethylenetriamine (DETA) and salicylaldehyde (SA), which was identified by IR and 1H‐NMR techniques. In order to, prepare Sal(PMeOSi)DETA (b), ligand (a) was reacted with IPTMS. One of the challenges of this synthesis was to prove the linkage between the ligand (a) and the IPTMS, which was proved by 1H‐NMR technique. In the next step, the Schiff base complex of copper(Cu(II)[Sal(PMeOSi)DETA]) (c) was synthesized using a complexation reaction of Cu(NO3)2.3 H2O and b. Finally, the obtained copper complex was fixed on KIT‐6, {Cu(II)[Sal(PMeOSi)DETA]} as the new reusable and practical catalyst. This catalyst has been identified using IR, BET, EDS, XRD, SEM, and TGA methods and employed in the synthesis of different tetrazoles for the first time. All tetrazoles were prepared with high yields, and good TOF and TON values, indicating excellent catalytic performance. This catalyst shows excellent homoselectivity in the synthesis of five‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles. Also, it can be recovered and reused several times without a significant decrease in its catalytic activity or copper leaching.
Synthesis and activity of arylcoumarin derivatives with therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Pan Yinbo , Zhou Min , Liu Zhenzhen , Hao Canhua , Zhai Jingfang , Liu Ren , Shi Zezhou , Sun Jie , Wang Xiaojing
Published: December 2023

In the literature, daidzein has been reported to exhibit cardiovascular protective effects and hypoglycemic activity in mice. We sought to design and synthesize a novel compound, SJ‐6, an analog of daidzein, with improved hypoglycemic properties. Although SJ‐6 demonstrated favorable hypoglycemic effects, its pharmacokinetic limitations prompted us to design and synthesize prodrugs of SJ‐6. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the prodrugs, including in vitro and in vivo studies, such as cytotoxicity, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) simulation analysis, in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability evaluation, compound effect on insulin resistance, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in vivo plasma concentration testing, acute toxicity test in rats, and long‐term gavage administration experiment. Furthermore, we examined the antidiabetic nephropathy activity of our lead compound, compound 10, which demonstrated superior efficacy compared with the positive control drug, metformin hydrochloride. Our findings suggest that compound 10 represents a promising lead compound for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Interaction of narcissoside with α‐amylase from Bacillus subtilis and Porcine pancreatic by multi‐spectral analysis and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Cui Jingjing , Fan Yangyang , Lian Di , Wang Suqing , Wang Meizi , Du Yutong , Li Yuan , Li Li
Published: December 2023

In this work, interaction mechanism of narcissoside with two α‐amylase from Bacillus subtilis (BSA) and Porcine pancreatic (PPA) are comparatively studied by multi‐spectral analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results prove that narcissoside can statically quench fluorescence of BSA/PPA. Two complexes are mainly formed by hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. With the increase of temperature, the two complexes formed by narcissoside and two enzymes become unstable. At the same experimental temperature, the binding force of narcissoside to PPA is higher than that of BSA. The binding of narcissoside to PPA/BSA increases the hydrophobicity of microenvironment. Moreover, the secondary structure of PPA/BSA is mainly changed by decreasing the α‐helix. The optimal binding modes of narcissoside with BSA/PPA are predicted by molecular docking, and the stability of the two complexes is evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations.