bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Intake and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study
Authors: Downer Mary K. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Stampfer Meir J. , Wilson Kathryn M. , Dickerman Barbra A. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Rimm Eric B. , Wang Molin , Mucci Lorelei A. , Willett Walter C. , Chan June M. , Van Blarigan Erin L.
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

It is unknown whether alcohol intake is associated with the risk of lethal (metastatic or fatal) prostate cancer. We examine (1) whether alcohol intake among men at risk of prostate cancer is associated with diagnosis of lethal prostate cancer and (2) whether intake among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer is associated with metastasis or death.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study uses the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2012). Our analysis of alcohol intake among men at risk of prostate cancer included 47,568 cancer-free men. Our analysis of alcohol intake among men with prostate cancer was restricted to 5,182 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer during follow-up. We examine the association of total alcohol, red and white wine, beer, and liquor with lethal prostate cancer and death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Alcohol drinkers had a lower risk of lethal prostate cancer (any v none: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71 to 0.99]) without a dose-response relationship. Total alcohol intake among patients with prostate cancer was not associated with progression to lethal prostate cancer (any v none: HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.57 to 1.72]), whereas moderate red wine intake was associated with a lower risk (any v none: HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.86]; P trend = .05). Compared with none, 15 to 30 g/d of total alcohol after prostate cancer diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of death (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.50 to 1.00]), as was red wine (any v none: HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57 to 0.97]; P trend = .007).

CONCLUSION

Cancer-free men who consumed alcohol had a slightly lower risk of lethal prostate cancer compared with abstainers. Among men with prostate cancer, red wine was associated with a lower risk of progression to lethal disease. These observed associations merit additional study but provide assurance that moderate alcohol consumption is safe for patients with prostate cancer.
Dkk1 exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Liying , Tu Yalin , Lu Jing , Wang Panxia , Guo Zhen , Wang Qianqian , Guo Kaiteng , Lan Rui , Li Hong , Liu Peiqing
Published: April 2019

The cancer clinical therapy of doxorubicin (Dox) treatment is limited by its life-threatening cardiotoxic effects. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), the founding and best-studied member of the Dkk family, functions as an antagonist of canonical Wnt/β-catenin. Dkk1 is considered to play a broad role in a variety of biological processes, but its effects on Dox-induced cardiomyopathy are poorly understood. Here, we found that the level of Dkk1 was significantly increased in Dox-treated groups, and this increase exacerbated Dox-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overexpressing Dkk1 aggravated Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in H9C2 cells. Similar results were detected when adding active Dkk1 protein extracellularly. Conversely, adding specific antibody blocking extracellular Dkk1 attenuated the cardiotoxic response to Dox. Adenovirus encoding Dkk1 was transduced through intramyocardial injection and exacerbated Dox-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial damage and heart injury in vivo. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited during Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, and the re-activation of β-catenin prevented the effect of overexpressed Dkk1 and Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, these results reveal the crucial role of the Dkk1–Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis in the process of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and provide novel insights into the potential mechanism of cardiomyopathy caused by clinical application of Dox.
The plant stomatal lineage at a glance
Authors: Lee Laura R. , Bergmann Dominique C.
Published: April 2019

Stomata are structures on the surfaces of most land plants that are required for gas exchange between plants and their environment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, stomata comprise two kidney bean-shaped epidermal guard cells that flank a central pore overlying a cavity in the mesophyll. These guard cells can adjust their shape to occlude or facilitate access to this pore, and in so doing regulate the release of water vapor and oxygen from the plant, in exchange for the intake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Stomatal guard cells are the end product of a specialized lineage whose cell divisions and fate transitions ensure both the production and pattern of cells in aerial epidermal tissues. The stomatal lineage is dynamic and flexible, altering stomatal production in response to environmental change. As such, the stomatal lineage is an excellent system to study how flexible developmental transitions are regulated in plants. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we will summarize current knowledge of the divisions and fate decisions during stomatal development, discussing the role of transcriptional regulators, cell–cell signaling and polarity proteins. We will highlight recent work that links the core regulators to systemic or environmental information and provide an evolutionary perspective on stomata lineage regulators in plants.
Parabronchial remodeling in chicks in response to embryonic hypoxia
Authors: Amaral-Silva Lara do , Lambertz Markus , Zara Fernando José , Klein Wilfried , Gargaglioni Luciane Helena , Bícego Kênia Cardoso
Published: April 2019

The embryonic development of parabronchi occurs mainly during the second half of incubation in precocious birds, which makes this phase sensitive to possible morphological modifications induced by O2 supply limitation. Thus, we hypothesized that hypoxia during the embryonic phase of parabronchial development induces morphological changes that remain after hatching. To test this hypothesis, chicken embryos were incubated entirely (21 days) under normoxia or partially under hypoxia (15% O2 during days 12 to 18). Lung structures, including air capillaries, blood capillaries, infundibula, atria, parabronchial lumen, bronchi, blood vessels larger than capillaries (Bv) and interparabronchial tissue (It), in 1- and 10-day-old chicks were analyzed using light microscopy-assisted stereology. Tissue barrier and surface area of air capillaries were measured using electron microscopy-assisted stereology, allowing for calculation of the anatomical diffusion factor. Hypoxia increased the relative volumes of air and blood capillaries, structures directly involved in gas exchange, while decreased the relative volumes of atria in both groups of chicks, and the parabronchial lumen in older chicks. Accordingly, the surface area of the air capillaries and the anatomical diffusion factor were increased under hypoxic incubation. Treatment did not alter total lung volume, relative volumes of infundibula, bronchi, Bv, It, or the tissue barrier of any group. We conclude that hypoxia during the embryonic phase of parabronchial development lead to a morphological remodeling, characterized by increased volume density and respiratory surface area of structures involved in gas exchange at the expense of structures responsible for air conduction in chicks up to 10 days old.
Recent advances in the understanding and management of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Rocha Ana L. , Oliveira Flávia R. , Azevedo Rosana C. , Silva Virginia A. , Peres Thais M. , Candido Ana L. , Gomes Karina B. , Reis Fernando M.
Published: April 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted condition characterized by chronic anovulation and excess ovarian activity, in contrast to other causes of anovulation that involve ovarian dormancy or primary insufficiency. Recent studies indicated that PCOS is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and that women with PCOS are at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The inflammatory and metabolic derangements associated with PCOS are explained in part by the coexistence of insulin resistance and obesity but are further fueled by the androgen excess. New insights into the regulation of hormones and cytokines in muscle and fat tissue support the concept that PCOS is a systemic syndrome. The therapeutic plan should be tailored to the patient phenotype, complaints, and reproductive desire. Of note, the aromatase inhibitor letrozole seems to be more effective than the reference drug clomiphene citrate to treat infertility due to PCOS. Integral management by a multidisciplinary team may help the patients to adhere to lifestyle interventions and thereby reduce body adiposity and recover their metabolic and reproductive health.
Recent advances in the management of penile cancer
Authors: Johnston Maximilian J , Nigam Raj
Published: April 2019

Penile cancer is a rare condition and can be very complex to manage. Advances in surgical techniques, imaging, pathological classification and patient pathways have led to improved patient care. The diagnosis of pre-malignant change, penile cancer and metastatic disease along with advances in their treatment are detailed in this review which aims to update clinicians from multiple specialties and countries on penile cancer.
Burden of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistani children: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Laghari Ghulam Shabbir , Hussain Zahid , Khemani Lavina , Hussain Syed Zohaib Maroof , Yaqoob Uzair
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is rapidly increasing worldwide. Children in high TB burden countries are rapidly being reported to be affected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of drug sensitivity among children suffering with TB.

Methods: Known cases of pulmonary TB, with sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli after two months of compliance to 1st line anti-tuberculous therapy were included after gaining informed consent. Specimens used for drug sensitivity testing were either sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage. Patient age, gender, history of TB contact, and duration of treatment were also recorded. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.22.

Results: Fifty children, 32 male (64%) and 18 female (36%) were included in the study. Their mean age was 12.84 ± 2.54 years. History of household TB contact was positive in 29 (58%) children. Among 1st line anti-tuberculous therapy, rifampicin resistance was highest at 33/50 (66%), and resistance to streptomycin and ethambutol were the lowest (6/50; 12%). There were 18 (36%) children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). A positive history of household TB contact (either resistant or non-resistant) was seen to have a statistically significant impact on incidence of MDR-TB (p value=0.03)

Conclusion: Pediatric drug-resistant TB is a rising concern. Awareness programs on national and international levels are needed to educate general population regarding the importance of preventing TB household contact, especially amongst children. With the selected method used to identify mainly older children with drug resistance, the yield for drug-resistant TB was found to be high.
Disaster medicine (organization of medical and evacuation support of the population in emergency situations of peacetime)
Authors: Авитисов Павел , AVITISOV PAVEL , Лобанов Алексей , Lobanov Aleksey , Золтухин Андрей , Zoltuhin Andrey , Белова Наталья , Belova Natal'ya
Published: April 2019

The materials of the textbook reveal the theoretical foundations of the object of study. Based on the domestic and foreign experience of providing assistance to the population affected in emergency situations, taking into account modern scientific knowledge about the nature of the impact of emergencies on society and human issues of organization of medical and evacuation support of the population in emergency situations of peacetime as a multipolar system of medical, theoretical and practical knowledge and skills underlying the complex of organizational and therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at ensuring the protection of people from the dangers of emergency situations.
On the basis of the previously developed algorithms of first aid to victims of emergencies, the authors propose methods for studying the issues of conscious first aid measures at the scene, presented in the form of a large number of schemes and drawings that make it easy to learn the proposed material.
The role and place of institutions of EMERCOM of Russia in carrying out these tasks. The organization of medical and evacuation support of the population in emergency situations of peace time is considered as a non-discontinuous part of the system of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations of peace time and in wartime.
A Branch-and-Bound Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem with a Drone
Authors: Poikonen Stefan , Golden Bruce , Wasil Edward A.
Published: April 2019

The Traveling Salesman Problem with a Drone (TSP-D) is a hybrid truck and drone model of delivery, in which the drone rides on the truck and launches from the truck to deliver packages. Our approach to the TSP-D uses branch and bound, whereby each node of the branch-and-bound tree corresponds with a potential order to deliver a subset of packages. An approximate lower bound at each node is given by solving a dynamic program. We provide additional variants of our heuristic approach and compare solution quality and computation times. Consideration is given to various input parameters and distance metrics.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0826 .
Identifying Fixations in Gaze Data via Inner Density and Optimization
Authors: Trapp Andrew C. , Liu Wen , Djamasbi Soussan
Published: April 2019

Eye tracking is an increasingly common technology with a variety of practical uses. Eye-tracking data, or gaze data, can be categorized into two main events: fixations represent focused eye movement, indicative of awareness and attention, whereas saccades are higher-velocity movements that occur between fixation events. Common methods to identify fixations in gaze data can lack sensitivity to peripheral points and may misrepresent positional and durational properties of fixations. To address these shortcomings, we introduce the notion of inner density for fixation identification, which concerns both the duration of the fixation and the proximity of its constituent gaze points. Moreover, we demonstrate how to identify fixations in a sequence of gaze data by optimizing for inner density. After decomposing the clustering of a temporal gaze data sequence into successive regions (chunks), we use nonlinear and linear 0–1 optimization formulations to identify the densest fixations within a given data chunk. Our approach is parametrized by a unique constant that adjusts the degree of desired density, allowing decision makers to have fine-tuned control over density during the process. Computational experiments on real data sets demonstrate the efficiency of our approach and its effectiveness in identifying fixations with greater density than existing methods, thereby enabling the refinement of key gaze metrics such as fixation duration and fixation center.
Particle Size Characterization of Agricultural Sprays Collected on Personal Air Monitoring Samplers
Authors: Flack Sheila L. , Ledson Timothy Mark , Ramanarayanan Tharacad S.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Potential inhalation exposure of agricultural workers and bystanders to aerosolized particles emitted by typical agricultural spray nozzles is influenced by the particle size distribution (PSD) of the spray. However, inhalation risk assessments do not currently factor in the human-relevant PSD that may be inhaled during pesticide handling activities. This study was conducted to characterize the PSD of aerosols collected with OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS) tubes, which are monitoring devices commonly used for inhalation risk assessment in worker exposure studies. An Oxford Lasers N60V particle size analyzer was used for characterizing the spray PSD emitted from various agricultural nozzles. Side-by-side air sampling with OVS tubes and Respicon TM particle samplers was conducted to characterize the size distribution of aerosols collected on the OVS tubes during spraying of a diluted chlorothalonil formulation. Based on this comparison, OVS tubes captured the inhalable fraction (mass median diameter (D50) = 100 µm), with approximately 40% of the total inhalation concentration contributing to systemic exposure (D50 = 10 µm) regardless of nozzle spray quality. In addition, nozzles with fine and medium spray produced higher airborne concentrations compared to nozzles with coarse spray. Thus, the use of modern low-drift nozzles (e.g., air-induction nozzles) that emit larger spray droplets can substantially reduce the airborne concentration levels within inhalable particle size fractions. While the concentrations within these airway fractions (e.g., respirable, thoracic, inhalable) increased from extremely coarse to very fine spray nozzles, the relative proportion of each fraction within the total inhalable concentration remained constant regardless of spray quality or nozzle type. Such information on the PSD of pesticide applications can be used to refine inhalation risk assessments for agricultural workers and bystanders. Keywords: Chlorothalonil, Exposure monitoring, Inhalation exposure, Particle size distribution, OVS tube, Respicon TM particle sampler.
Comparing Piecewise Regression and Hysteresis Models in Assessing Beef Cattle Heat Stress
Authors: Zhang Shunpu , Eskridge Kent M. , Kachman Stephen D. , Qiu Yumou , Brown-Brandl Tami M.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Climate change may generate more frequent heat waves, resulting in substantial cattle production losses through increased heat stress. Time lags between air temperature and an animal’s body temperature have been recognized as valuable measures of heat stress, and developing methods for detecting time lags is important. Existing hysteresis models are useful for estimating air-body temperature time lags, especially when the air temperature follows a consistent diurnal sinusoidal function, such as when animals are housed in a controlled environment. However, in cattle feedlot or pasture operations, consistent sinusoidal air temperature patterns are not realistic, and a more flexible approach would be useful. In this article, piecewise regression models (linear and quadratic) are developed to estimate time lags under more general temperature trend conditions. Both piecewise regression and hysteresis models were fit to heat stress data of feedlot cattle. Simulations were conducted to compare the estimated time lags using both types of models. In the simulations, the asymmetric harmonic hysteresis model estimated time lags best, followed by the piecewise linear regression model, while the piecewise regression models were generally more efficient for both simulated and actual data. It was concluded that piecewise regression models are more appropriate than hysteresis models when applied to heat-stressed cattle in production environments. Keywords: Air-body temperature time lag, High temperatures, Nonlinear modeling.
Bird Deterrence in a Vineyard Using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
Authors: Bhusal Santosh , Khanal Kapil , Goel Shivam , Karkee Manoj , Taylor Matthew Edmund
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Washington State growers lose more than $80 million annually to bird damage in fruit crops such as cherries, grapes, Honeycrisp apples, and blueberries. Conventional bird deterrence techniques, such as netting, auditory devices, visual devices, chemical application, falconry, and shooting, are either costly, ineffective, or harmful to birds. At the same time, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have become popular in military, civilian, and agricultural applications due to decreasing cost, good maneuverability, and their ability to perform multiple types of missions. This article presents an approach using UAS to deter birds and minimize their damage to wine grapes. A quadcopter UAS was flown for three days in September 2016 over a section (30 m × 30 m) of a vineyard to deter birds. The test section of the vineyard was next to a canyon with many trees that provided shelter for a large number of birds. The experimental design included different deterrence methods against birds, including auditory deterrence, visual deterrence, and varying UAS flight patterns. The test section of the vineyard was under continuous video surveillance from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. using four GoPro cameras for five continuous days, including three days when the UAS was flown. A Gaussian mixture model-based motion detection algorithm was used to detect birds in the videos, a Kalman filter was then used for tracking the detected birds, and bird activities (incoming and outgoing birds) were counted based on the movement of birds across the plot boundary. Two accuracy measures (precision and recall) were calculated to analyze the performance of the automated bird detection and counting system. The results showed that the proposed system achieved a precision of 84% and recall of 87% in counting incoming and outgoing birds. The automated bird counting system was then used to evaluate the performance of the UAS-based bird deterrence system. The results showed that bird activity was more than 300% higher on days with no UAS flights compared to days when the UAS was flown with on-board bird deterrence measures. UAS flights covering the entire experimental plot with auditory deterrence had a better effect than flights with visual deterrence. The results showed the potential for developing an automated bird deterrence system for vineyards and other crops. Extended studies with multi-year, multi-field, and multi-platform experiments are essential to further validate the results. Keywords: Bird deterrence, Fruit crops, Machine vision, Unmanned aerial systems, Vineyards.
Design and Field Evaluation of a Robotic Apple Harvesting System with a 3D-Printed Soft-Robotic End-Effector
Authors: Hohimer Cameron J. , Wang Heng , Bhusal Santosh , Miller John , Mo Changki , Karkee Manoj
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Fresh market apple harvesting is a difficult task that relies entirely on manual labor. Much research has been done on the development of mechanical harvesting techniques. Several selective harvesting robots have been developed for research studies, but there are no commercially available robotic systems. This article discusses the design and development of a novel pneumatic 3D-printed soft-robotic end-effector to facilitate apple separation. The end-effector was integrated into a robotic system with five degrees of freedom that was designed to simplify the picking sequence and reduce costs compared to previous versions. Apples were successfully harvested using the low-cost robotic system in a commercial orchard during the fall 2017 harvest. A detachment success rate on attempted apples of 67% was achieved, with an average time of 7.3 s per fruit from separation to storage bin. By conducting this study in an orchard where problematic apples were not removed to increase the detachment success rate, current pruning and thinning practices were assessed to help lay the foundation for future studies and develop strategies for successfully harvesting apples that are difficult to detach. Keywords: Apple catching, Apples, Automated harvesting, Field experimentation, Harvesting robot, Soft-robotic gripper.
Assessment of Fluorescent Dye Brilliant Sulfaflavine Deposition on Stainless Steel Screens as Spray Droplet Collectors
Authors: You Kyusuk , Zhu Heping , Abbott John Paul
Published: April 2019

Abstract.

The fluorescent dye Brilliant Sulfaflavine (BSF, CAS 2391-30-2) was investigated to determine its photo-stability and recovery on five spray deposition collectors: white plastic plate, nylon screen, and stainless steel (SS) screens of three mesh sizes (40, 60, and 80). The photo-stability of the deposited dye was determined by measuring the variance in fluorescence intensity after daylight exposure. The recovery rates were investigated with statically dispensed droplets and dynamically discharged droplets. In addition, droplet penetration through the screen collectors and the amount of unrecovered dye on reprocessed collectors were assessed to better understand the differences in dye recovery rates among different collector types. Photo-degradation tests verified that all collector types were insignificant in fluorescence degradation (<3.1%) after 120 min of solar exposure. Nylon screens had the lowest dye recovery rate (87.0%) for statically dispensed droplets, whereas plastic plates and SS screens recovered more than 90% of deposited dye. For dynamically discharged droplets, the 60-mesh and 80-mesh SS screens recovered more than 70% of the deposited dye, whereas nylon screens showed less than 50% recovery rate. These results were substantiated visually with a high-speed imaging system that detected droplets penetrating more frequently through screens with larger mesh openings. Throughout ten continuous reprocessing cycles of the fluorimetry test, the fluorescence intensity on reprocessed nylon and 80-mesh SS screen collectors increased by 16.8% and 12.7%, respectively, while there was less than 1% change in fluorescence intensity on the 40-mesh and 60-mesh SS screens. These results were clarified through dye residue verification using digital image analysis. Keywords: Fluorescence intensity, Photo-degradation, Recovery rate, Spray deposition assessment, Stainless steel screen.
Repeat Emergency Department Visits for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Durbin Anna , Balogh Robert , Lin Elizabeth , Wilton Andrew S. , Selick Avra , Dobranowski Kristin M. , Lunsky Yona
Published: April 2019

Although individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and psychiatric concerns are more likely than others to visit hospital emergency departments (EDs), the frequency of their returns to the ED within a short time is unknown. In this population-based study we examined the likelihood of this group returning to the ED within 30 days of discharge and described these visits for individuals with IDD + psychiatric disorders (n = 3,275), and persons with IDD only (n = 1,944) compared to persons with psychiatric disorders only (n = 41,532). Individuals with IDD + psychiatric disorders, and individuals with IDD alone were more likely to make 30-day repeat ED visits. Improving hospital care and postdischarge community linkages may reduce 30-day returns to the ED among adults with IDD.
Reliability of Informant-Report Measures of Executive Functioning in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Esbensen Anna J. , Hoffman Emily K. , Shaffer Rebecca , Chen Elizabeth , Patel Lina , Jacola Lisa
Published: April 2019

The current study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) with children with Down syndrome. Caregivers of 84 children with Down syndrome rated their child's behavior with the BRIEF. Teacher ratings were obtained for 57 children. About 40% of children with Down syndrome were reported by parents, and 70% by teachers, to exhibit clinically significant challenges with executive functioning. Distribution of scores was normal, internal consistency for subscales was questionable to primarily excellent, and inter-rater reliability was poor to good. Normative data conversions controlled for age, IQ, and gender differences, with some exceptions. The study findings suggest that the BRIEF and its subscales generally performed in a psychometrically sound manner among children with Down syndrome.
Validating and Applying the CSBS-ITC in Neurogenetic Syndromes
Authors: Hamrick Lisa R. , Tonnsen Bridgette L.
Published: April 2019

Although social communication skills are commonly delayed in children with neurogenetic syndromes (NGS), skill profiles in very young children are largely under characterized, in part due to the lack of validated assessment measures appropriate for these populations. We addressed this gap by validating and applying a popular early social communication screening measure, the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile – Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-ITC) in three previously understudied neurogenetic groups: Angelman, Prader-Willi, and Williams syndromes. Our results suggest that when used within the appropriate scope of screening and surveillance, the CSBS-ITC detects meaningful variability in skills across ages in young children with NGS and may provide useful information about both individual- and population-level social communication profiles in these populations.
Dissoì Lógoi § 5
Authors: Gardella Mariana
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar Dialex. § 5 a fin de mostrar que allí no sólo se hace uso de paradojas erísticas para la argumentación, sino que al mismo tiempo se propone un criterio para resolverlas. Para ello, en primer lugar, expongo algunas consideraciones generales sobre la datación, la autoría y la estructura de Dialex. que permitirán comprender las particularidades del quinto parágrafo del tratado. Luego, presento la traducción completa de Dialex. § 5 y señalo algunas semejanzas entre los razonamientos que allí se desarrollan y los atribuidos a los erísticos en Eutidemo de Platón y Refutaciones sofísticas de Aristóteles. Finalmente, analizo el argumento presentado en Dialex. § 5. 15 y ofrezco una interpretación que atienda a su sentido y al contexto de la discusión filosófica en el que ha sido formulado.
Platão e Iris Murdoch
Authors: Williges Flavio
Published: April 2019

Desde a publicação, em 1958, do famoso artigo A Filosofia Moral Moderna de G. E. M. Anscombe estabeleceu-se uma espécie de consenso em torno da necessidade de as teorias ético-filosóficas contemporâneas ampliarem sua agenda de análise para além das noções de dever e obrigação. Esse movimento conduziu à redescoberta de concepções morais antigas ligadas à constituição de um caráter virtuoso e da conquista da felicidade ou bem-viver, especialmente a ética de Aristóteles e dos filósofos estoicos. Nesse artigo eu mostro que a filósofa e escritora britânica Iris Murdoch participou desse movimento de redescoberta da ética das virtudes antiga, localizando na filosofia de Platão, e não na filosofia de Aristóteles ou dos estoicos, um instrumento de crítica às teorias morais de seu tempo, uma crítica caracterizada pela substituição da noção tipicamente moderna da vontade racional do agente por noções profundamente vinculadas à filosofia platônica, como o “amor” e “atração” pelo Bem, entendidos como constituintes de um modelo de orientação moral objetiva. Diferente de Platão, no entanto, o Bem e seu poder de engajamento e atração, é explorado como uma fonte ético-metafísica com um significado psicológico muito particular. Ele é caracterizado, em termos da psicologia moral de base psicanalítica por ela adotada, como um olhar amoroso do outro e como um desejo de ver a realidade, entendido como um desejo pessoal de sermos justos e bons, o que dá um sabor psicológico-naturalista à sua reinvindicação da filosofia platônica.
O modelo ocidental de guerra revisitado
Authors: Sant’Anna Henrique Modanez de
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo criticar a teoria do modelo ocidental de guerra, proposta por Hanson, a partir do que a historiografia tem identificado como seus principais problemas: a alegada continuidade da arte da guerra ocidental através dos séculos, começando com os gregos antigos; e o chamado “contraste asiático”, com alguns dos seus desdobramentos. Assim, o texto está dividido em três seções: 1) a apresentação e os méritos da teoria de Hanson; 2) suas bases clássicas, ou a ênfase da arte da guerra grega na batalha decisiva como uma “escolha cultural”; 3) as críticas pertinentes.
Reseña de Gardella & Vecchio, Amantes rivales. Sobre la filosofía. Diálogo pseudo-platónico (2017)
Authors: Lozano Nembrot Milena Azul
Published: April 2019

Reseña de Gardella & Vecchio, Amantes rivales. Sobre la filosofía. Diálogo pseudo-platónico (2017)
Memórias de normalistas: inserção profissional de professoras
Authors: Melo Raquel Silveira Martins de
Published: April 2019

Esse artigo busca apresentar resultados de pesquisa sobre a escolha do magistério como forma de inserção profissional para normalistas que frequentaram a Escola Normal Nossa Senhora de Oliveira, em Oliveira, Centro-oeste de Minas Gerais, entre os anos 1971 e 1974. Nesse sentido, as ideias que permeiam esse esboço vão ao encontro das concepções e conceitos sobre a mulher-professora, a formação de professores, em especial para o antigo ensino primário, e a história da educação em Minas Gerais. A metodologia utilizada é concernente à pesquisa narrativa e os dados terão como fonte principal narrativas orais de formandas da referida escola normal no período assinalado.
A recente produção brasileira sobre a educação primária na Era Vargas: uma análise das dissertações e teses (2008-2017)
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo Rosselini Julio , Martínez Silvia Alicia
Published: April 2019

O artigo apresenta uma revisão da produção brasileira recente sobre a educação primária durante a “Era Vargas”, buscando realizar e compreender o “estado da questão”. De tipo bibliográfico, o texto analiza as dissertações de mestrado e as teses de doutorado dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação e demais áreas do conhecimento, disponíveis no “Banco de Teses da CAPES”, na “Biblioteca Digiral de Teses e Dissertações do IBICT” e nos websites dos PPG. O procedimento de análise consistiu na leitura desses trabalhos, seguida da tabulação dos dados e construção de categorias de análise para classificar os objetos de estudo. Entre os principais resultados se destacam a distribuição de investigações no país e as especificidades de cada região. Ao mesmo tempo, foram analisadas as bases teóricas, as opções metodológicas e as fontes utilizadas.
A colaboração dos municípios na expansão do ensino secundário no estado de São Paulo (1930-1964)
Authors: Diniz Carlos Alberto , De Souza Rosa Fátima
Published: April 2019

A contribuição dos municípios para a expansão do ensino secundário põe em discussão o intrincado jogo político que envolveu a democratização da educação média no Brasil. Este texto objetiva analisar as formas de atuação dos poderes públicos municipais no desenvolvimento da educação secundária no estado de São Paulo, no período de 1930 e 1964, quando ocorreu um expressivo crescimento da rede pública de ginásios e colégios. A análise recai inicialmente nos ginásios e escolas normais livres municipais criados na Primeira República. Em seguida, o texto examina a sistemática de contrapartida dos municípios exigida pelo Poder Executivo estadual para a criação de ginásios oficiais entre 1932 e 1947. Por último, o estudo problematiza a expansão dos ginásios públicos no Estado de São Paulo no período da redemocratização do país destacando o jogo político redefinido a partir das relações entre os deputados estaduais e as lideranças políticas locais.
Extensions of schooling environments into the local community, and social construction of democracy in Spain (1931-1939). Contributions made by the Freinet pedagogical movement
Authors: Hernández Huerta José Luis
Published: April 2019

This article highlights the social nature of the Freinet movement in Spain during the period of the Second Republic (1931-1936) and the Civil War (1936-1939), and investigates the community-based aspect of its schooling practices. To begin with, we examine a number of aspects of Spain’s Freinet movement which help to see it as a social movement as well as a pedagogical one. Then, we study a) the main strategies employed by teachers to facilitate the social building of democracy through the schooling system, and b) the most significant extensions of the school into the local community, which helped break down the physical and symbolic barriers separating schooling institutions from the framework of ordinary citizens’ daily existence.
Mapas conceituais como ferramenta no acompanhamento da construção do conceito de Integral de Riemann /Conceptual maps as a tool for monitoring the construction of the Riemann Integral concept
Authors: Cargnin Claudete
Published: April 2019

Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa exploratória, realizada com acadêmicos de vários cursos de Engenharia e de licenciatura em Química, com a finalidade de avaliar a contribuição dos Mapas Conceituais para o acompanhamento da construção do Conceito de Integral de Riemann. Foram propostas tarefas desenvolvidas com base nos pressupostos das Teorias das Situações Didáticas e de Registro de Representação Semiótica. As atividades contemplavam conceitos considerados de extrema importância para a compreensão do conceito de integral definida (integral de Riemann), que são: convergência (e notação) de sequências e séries, notação somatória e cálculo de área de uma região sob uma curva, além do próprio conceito de integral de Riemann. Observou-se que os mapas tem um forte potencial para indicar falhas na construção dos conceitos pelos acadêmicos, bem como são uma ferramenta que pode favorecer a auto-avaliação docente.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mapas Conceituais. Integral de Riemann. Ensino de Cálculo.
Â¿Qué ciudadanía? Orientaciones normativas y curriculares en Argentina / What citizenship? Normative and curricular orientations in Argentina
Authors: Jara Miguel  Ángel , Funes Alicia Graciela
Published: April 2019

En Argentina desde la recuperación de la democracia en 1983, se han producido un conjunto de reformas curriculares, algunas provinciales y otras nacionales. El artículo, da cuenta en primer lugar, de algunas orientaciones curriculares nacionales, para luego centrar la mirada en las propuestas curriculares de las Provincias de Río Negro y Neuquén, sedes de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue y donde nuestros egresados ejercerán la docencia. El análisis se vertebra con la pregunta: Â¿Qué ciudadanía? y busca conocer algunas de las finalidades, siempre manifiestas en los currículos, que contribuyan a pensar en: Â¿qué ciudadanías se promueven?, Â¿para qué sociedad?, Â¿en qué contextos?PALABRAS-CLAVES: Reformas curriculares. Finalidades. Ciudadanías.
TUDO QUE VOCÊ CONSEGUE SER" - TRISTE BNCC/HISTÓRIA (A versão final) /"ALL YOU CAN BE" - SAD BNCC/HISTORY (The final version)
Authors: Silva Marcos
Published: April 2019

Este artigo comenta a versão final da BNCC/História (2017). Ele evoca as primeiras versões desse documento, elaboradas durante o governo de Dilma Rousseff e duramente combatidas por setores golpistas da política brasileira e seus congêneres conservadores da Historiografia. A timidez conservadora da versão final, eficaz para seus fins políticos, é assinalada junto com a definição do documento como planejamento virtual para o Ensino de História.PALAVRAS CHAVES: BNCC/História; Ensino de História; Governo Dilma Rousseff; Ditadura Michel Temer.
Balanced Scorecard as a Performance Measurement System in Malaysian Private Institutions of Higher Learning: Empirical Findings
Authors: Hafiz bin Rosli Mohamad , Fawzia binti Md Ariff Farrah , Binti Said Jamaliah
Published: April 2019

Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a well-known performance measurement tools and some researchers have highlighted its relevance to Institutions of Higher Learning (IHL). In order to response to the globalization phenomenon today, IHL must adopt the most suitable tool such as Performance Measurement System (PMS) in assessing academicians’ performance. The adoption of Strategic Performance Measurement System (SPMS), proven to realize significant cost saving, improve personal satisfactions and enhance organizational performances based on previous studies. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the relationship between leadership, communication and academic qualification towards the adoption of BSC. Data were collected quantitatively through a survey questionnaire with the usable response rate of 78.57%. The descriptive results of this study revealed that the majority of academicians’ extensively agrees that the measurement used in the BSC are effective in assessing academicians’ performances. This finding also reveals that leadership, communication and academic qualification were significantly influenced the adoption of BSC. The findings from this study have advanced the literature on BSC especially in the education sector. It also provides a better understanding of BSC as the performance measurement tool in assessing academicians’ performance.
Domination Number of Rough Ideal based Rough Edge Cayley Graph
Authors: Praba B. , A. B. Obilia X.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we define a Cayley graph corresponding to the Rough ideal J of the Rough semiring (T, âˆ†, âˆ‡). The Domination number of the Rough Ideal based Rough Edge Cayley graphs Â and )) where Â contains the non-trivial elements of J are derived and illustrated through examples. Interpretation of a communication network is done in the form of Rough Ideal based Rough Edge Cayley Graph.Â Â
Congestion Management in a Restructured Power System Using Solar Photovoltaics
Authors: V Subramaniyan , V Gomathi
Published: April 2019

The modern power grid is one of the most complex engineering machines in existence. There is a continuous transformation in the grid conditions that necessitate variations in the electricity production. Energy is a remarkable donor in environmental change, representing around 60 percent of the aggregate worldwide greenhouse gas outflow. Lessening the carbon force of energy, the share of non-conventional energy sources in the worldwide vitality blend is relied upon to expand supportability. So renewable energy is one of the most capable results for taking care of expanding energy demand. This paper proposed a method to lessen the congestion in the deregulated environment. The congestion in the transmission lines is identified by optimal power flow (Newton Raphson) method.Â  Congestion in the transmission lines is lessened by connecting a dispersed generating unit called as Solar Photovoltaic at PQ (load) bus.Â  A way to decide the ideal position of a Dispersed Generating unit has been suggested based on the Line Relief Sensitivity (LRS) based attitude.Â  The effectiveness of methodology has been validated using standard IEEE 30 bus system.Â Â Â
Modeling and Pricing of Energy Derivative Market
Authors: Sellamuthu Prabakaran Dr. , . .
Published: April 2019

Energy derivatives are an energy instrument whose value be determined by on or derived from the values, more basic, a fundamental energy asset, such as crude oil, electricity, or natural gas. Energy derivatives are nonstandard products that have been generated by financial engineers (I. e exotic derivatives) and include exchange-traded contracts such as options and futures. In energy industries, the risk management and pricing model are important because the volatility of pricing in energy products. The price of the volatility can decrease the income of business strategies and its affects the consumerÂ´s buying and selling decisions. For this reason, we have to manage the pricing risk and it became a pressure in the energy industries to continue the profitability and to avoid competitive disadvantages. The main goal of this study is to construct the option-pricing model for energy derivative markets.Â
A Multi-Scale Framework for Bias Field Estimation in MRI Brain Images
Authors: M George Maryjo , S Kalaivani
Published: April 2019

Intensity inhomogeneity is an artifact in MR brain images and causes intensity variation of same tissues on the basis of location of the tissue within the image. It is crucial to minimize this phenomenon to improve the accuracy of the computer-aided diagnosis. Unlike the several methods proposed in the past to minimize intensity inhomogeneity, this proposed method uses a pyramidal decomposition strategy to estimate the bias field in MR brain images. The bias field estimated from the proposed multi-scale framework can be effectively used for intensity inhomogeneity correction of the acquired MR data. The proposed methodology has been tested on simulated database and quantitative analyses in terms of coefficient of variation in grey matter and white matter tissue regions separately and combined coefficient of joint variation are assessed. The qualitative and quantitative analyses on the corrected data indicate that the method is effective for intensity inhomogeneity on brain MR images.Â Â
Stability Enhancement of STATCOM using Flower Pollination Algorithm
Authors: Velpula Srikanth , R Thirumalaivasan , M Janaki
Published: April 2019

The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based shunt connected FACTS device. The key roles of STATCOM are to control the voltage at midpoint of transmission line, enhance power transfer capability and control reactive power at load end. However, the performance of STATCOM depends upon the parameters of the controller. In this paper, we present the tuning of Type-1 controller parameters for STATCOM based on a systematic method using Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The margins for the Type-1 controller parameters are estimated from the movement of eigenvalues for the variation in controller parameters during inductive and capacitive modes of STATCOM. The performance of the STATCOM with FPA optimized Type-1 controller parameters is evaluated by transient simulation. The eigenvalue analysis and transient simulation are done based on D-Q model of STATCOM. It is noticed that, the response of STATCOM follows the step change in reactive current reference with least error.Â Â
Slip Flow of a Nanofluid Over a Stretching Cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov Flux Model: Using SRM
Authors: K Gangadhar , Ramana Venkata , Ramaiah Dasaradha , Rushi Kumar B.
Published: April 2019

This article represents a numerical investigation of heat transfer and slip flow of a nanofluid over a stretching cylinder in magnetic field. In order to explore the heat transfer characteristics Cattaneo-Christov flux model is utilized in place of Fourierâ€™s law. By using, suitable transformations, the governingÂ Â  partial differential equations are changed into non-linear ordinary differential equations.Â  A numerical method, known as, spectral relaxation method is used to solve these equations. By using pictorial graphs, the relevant physical parameters that appear in temperature and velocity distributions are analytically discussed.Â  Various types of nanoparticles like Alumina (Al2O3), Titanium oxide (TiO2), Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) with water as their base fluid has been assumed. It was identified that absolute value of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number increases as each of nanoparticle volume fraction or Reynolds number increases. Temperature profile goes up in a faster way in Fourierâ€™s law case than Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. It is also found that the choice of copper (for large values of nanoparticle volume fraction) and alumina (for small nanoparticle volume fraction) leads to highest cooling performance in solving this problem. In order to examine the accuracy of the method, thorough comparison has been made with some previous results.Â