bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verbal and nonverbal communication in high-immersion virtual reality for
language learners
Authors: Gruber Alice , Kaplan-Rakowski Regina
Published: December 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) offers language learners a valuable environment for
practicing language skills and other aspects essential for language
development, interaction, and negotiation of meaning. For example, speaking
practice in VR using avatars can reduce speaking anxiety and increase users’
sense of agency. Social spaces in VR present possibilities for verbal and
nonverbal communication. This conceptual paper discusses the advantages and
drawbacks of both types of communication in high-immersion VR and the
implications for language learners. Language learners rely on multiple modes
of communication, including nonverbal behavior such as gestures. However, VR
often lacks behavioral anthropomorphism, i.e. when an avatar cannot speak,
move, or act in a human-like way, which may negatively impact communication,
especially at beginner level.
Evaluating automatic speech recognition for L2 pronunciation feedback: a
focus on Google Translate
Authors: John Paul , Cardoso Walcir , Johnson Carol
Published: December 2022

This study examines the L2 pronunciation feedback provided by the
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) functionality in Google Translate (GT).
We focus on three Quebec Francophone (QF) errors in English:
th-substitution, h-deletion, and h-epenthesis. Four hundred and fifty male
and female QF recordings of sentences with correctly and incorrectly
pronounced final items (e.g. I don’t know who to thank versus tank) were
played into GT. Errors were equally divided between mispronunciations
leading to real word (thank → tank) and nonword output (thief → tief). As
anticipated, we found greater transcription accuracy for correct
pronunciations and, among incorrect pronunciations, for real words versus
nonwords. Overall, our findings suggest ASR can be highly effective for
pronunciation feedback. We also examined transcriptions for gender bias,
since ASR systems are often trained on corpora with more male voices, but
our concerns proved unfounded: surprisingly, higher transcription accuracy
was found for female recordings.
The use of machine translation in L2 education: Japanese university
teachers’ views and practices
Authors: Ohashi Louise
Published: December 2022

Machine Translation (MT) is receiving increasing attention within
language education due to both its affordances and the potential it offers
for academic misconduct. To understand more about teachers’ views and
practices, a survey was conducted with 153 foreign language (L2) educators
who teach at Japanese universities. The survey examined their; (1) use of MT
to assist with L2 reading, writing, speaking, and listening, both personally
and in their courses; (2) views on MT in language education; and (3)
knowledge of how to help students use MT effectively and their willingness
to learn about this. The results indicated that most teachers supported the
use of MT as a learning tool, but many had concerns over its misuse. Few
felt they had enough knowledge to guide students toward effective use and
the vast majority wanted to learn more about how to do so. These findings
highlight a need for teacher support and underscore the necessity of more
research and workplace discussions on the integration and regulation of MT
within L2 education.
Policy Rules Consistent with the FOMC’s Longer-Run Goals and Monetary Policy Strategy
Authors: Papell David H. , Prodan Ruxandra
Published: December 2022

The Federal Open Market Committee’s revised Statement on Longer-Run Goals and Monetary Policy Strategy implements flexible average inflation targeting and mitigates shortfalls, rather than deviations, of employment from its maximum level. We show how the Taylor, balanced approach, and balanced approach (shortfalls) rules in the Monetary Policy Report could be modified to be consistent with the revised statement. Federal funds rate prescriptions from the consistent rules are both closer to the liftoff from the effective lower bound in December 2015 and provide a better fit to the actual federal funds rate than the rules currently included in the Report. The prescriptions from the balanced approach rules are closer to the liftoff and provide a better fit than the prescriptions from the Taylor rules.
DABCO-based ionic liquid-promoted synthesis of indeno-benzofurans derivatives: Investigation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities
Authors: Saqa Narges Alipour , Khalil-Moghaddam Shiva , Shahvelayati Ashraf Sadat
Published: December 2022

A simple and effective method for synthesis of indeno-benzofurans derivatives using polyphenols and ninhydrins is explored using an acidic catalyst based on DABCO (1,4-diaza bicycle [2.2.2] octane)-based ionic liquid. The products of these types of reactions have very low yields without catalysts, but with DABCO-AIL, the yields are excellent, reaction times are reduced, and the media are cleaner. Using infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and mass spectrometry, the structures of products can be confirmed. There is evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases, including diabetes. Therapeutic antioxidants are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of such diseases. To investigate the antioxidant properties of all synthesized derivatives, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay was used. Derivatives 3d and 4 with the highest antioxidant effect (with IC50 value of 0.015 µmol/mL) were selected to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect using the Bernfeld method. The best result was seen at 0.8 mg/mL of 4 derivative and results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test revealed that 4 at this concentration lacked cellular toxicity, too.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological studies of sintered porous titanium with three different pore morphologies
Authors: Haghjoo Roghayeh , Sadrnezhaad Sayed-Khatiboleslam , Hassanzadeh-Nemati Nahid
Published: December 2022

Integrating implants with the surrounding bone tissue is a significant challenge in medical engineering. A promising option with appropriate biological and mechanical characteristics is porous titanium, which can be employed in mineralizing bones and ingrowth applications. In the present study, titanium foams were fabricated using titanium hydride powder and the following space holders: (1) needle-shaped urea, (2) spherical urea, and (3) cubic sodium chloride. All samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical compression testing. Our results revealed that powder metallurgy is suitable for producing titanium foam with various pore morphologies. The shape of sample pores replicates the type of space holders. Also, the influence of three distinct pore morphologies on the human primary osteogenic sarcoma cell line, MG-63, was evaluated. In-vitro investigation showed that samples with sharp-cornered pores increase the attached cellular filopodia to the foams after seeding. This result is helpful in porous titanium applications for restoring bone defects.
Design and performance investigation of Gaussian apodized FBG as hybrid dispersion compensation module for long-haul optical link
Authors: Gul Baseerat , Ahmad Faroze
Published: December 2022

A hybrid dispersion compensation module design, using Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating and 11 km long dispersion compensation fiber, is proposed for a 111 km long optical link. The proposed module is examined successively with four different chirping techniques. Further, the design is investigated thoroughly in pre-, post- and symmetrical-compensation modes. The performance characteristics of the optimized links are evaluated orderly by quality-factor (Q-factor) values, Eye-diagram and pulse width reduction percentage (PWRP). To further enhance the Q-factor value, optimal parameters of FBG are determined comprehensively by varying the effective refractive index and grating length values. The results show that the proposed dispersion compensation module using Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating works well for the quadratic chirping technique. The Q-factor values attained in pre-, post- and symmetrical-compensation modes are 40.5, 49 and 50, respectively, far higher than the values proposed in the literature to date. Thus the proposed technique is best suited for symmetrical and post-compensation modes. The workability of the proposed system is verified using OptiSystem software.
Bayesian modelling of elite sporting performance with large databases
Authors: Griffin Jim E. , Hinoveanu Laurenţiu C. , Hopker James G.
Published: December 2022

The availability of large databases of athletic performances offers the opportunity to understand age-related performance progression and to benchmark individual performance against the World’s best. We build a flexible Bayesian model of individual performance progression whilst allowing for confounders, such as atmospheric conditions, and can be fitted using Markov chain Monte Carlo. We show how the model can be used to understand performance progression and the age of peak performance in both individuals and the population. We apply the model to both women and men in 100 m sprinting and weightlifting. In both disciplines, we find that age-related performance is skewed, that the average population performance trajectories of women and men are quite different, and that age of peak performance is substantially different between women and men. We also find that there is substantial variability in individual performance trajectories and the age of peak performance.
The association between bisphenol a exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Liu Hezuo , Wang Ji
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The association between Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a controversial topic. Objective: To evaluate the connection between BPA exposure and ADHD.

Content

We search Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline databases until August 2022. The meta-analysis was performed by using the software Stata 12.0 to calculate the combined effect value Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). A total of 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 5,710 children. Using the random effect model, it was found that compared with the lowest level of BPA exposure, the OR (95%CI) value of urine BPA exposure and ADHD in the highest level of BPA exposure was 1.76 (1.13–2.74).

Summary and Outlook

Based on the current meta-analysis results, BPA exposure may be a significant contributing factor to the development of ADHD in children.
Metal-Organic Frameworks as bio- and heterogeneous catalyst supports for biodiesel production
Authors: Rodríguez Mejía Yetzin , Romero Romero Fernando , Basavanag Unnamatla Murali Venkata , Ballesteros Rivas Maria Fernanda , Varela Guerrero Victor
Published: December 2022

As biodiesel (BD)/Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (FAAE) is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats, it is a cost-effective alternative fuel that could complement diesel. The BD is processed from different catalytic routes of esterification and transesterification through homogeneous (alkaline and acid), heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis. However, heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts play an essential role towards a sustainable alternative to homogeneous catalysts applied in biodiesel production. The main drawback is the supporting material. To overcome this, currently, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant interest as supports for catalysts due to their extremely high surface area and numerous binding sites. This review focuses on the advantages of using various MOFs structures as supports for heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts for the eco-friendly biodiesel production process. The characteristics of these materials and their fabrication synthesis are briefly discussed. Moreover, we address in a general way basic items ranging from biodiesel synthesis to applied catalysts, giving great importance to the enzymatic part, mainly to the catalytic mechanism in esterification/transesterification reactions. We provide a summary with recommendations based on the limiting factors.
Progress in LPP: towards an assessment of challenges from critical perspectives
Authors: Grin François
Published: December 2022

This paper addresses some of the challenges to mainstream research in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) thrown up by “critical perspectives”, which encompass contributions from postmodern theory as well as recent developments in the range of specialties known as “critical studies”. Since these challenges influence substantial tracts of scholarly discourse about linguistic diversity as well as about social and political responses to this diversity, it is useful to take stock of the corresponding claims and assess their import for language policy and planning (LPP) as a field of inquiry. Based on this examination, I argue that unless one is willing to buy uncritically into the problematic epistemological tenets of critical perspectives, their usefulness remains limited and is confined to heuristic side effects. The latter concern, in the main, a deeper treatment of the tension between language politics and language policy.
Language planning and language policies for sign languages: an emerging civil rights movement
Authors: Reagan Timothy
Published: December 2022

Following the publication of William Stokoe’sSign Language Structurein 1960, there was a proliferation of linguistic research addressing different aspects of sign languages. The emergence of this research had implications not only for linguistics as an academic discipline, but also for the deaf community itself. One area in which the study of sign languages and the growing activism of deaf communities overlapped in powerful ways was in calls for the official recognition of sign languages – that is, with respect to status planning. In addition to status planning, there have also been clear examples of corpus planning, acquisition planning, and prestige planning with respect to sign languages. Although efforts to engage in language planning for sign languages, and to develop and implement language policies for such languages, share many characteristics with language planning targeting spoken languages, in other ways they are quite distinctive. In this article, an overview of language planning and policy for sign languages is provided, followed by discussions of the linguistic human rights of sign language users and the role of language policies for sign languages in efforts to ensure civil rights for deaf individuals and communities.
Reconstructing multilingualism in the Habsburg state: lessons learnt and implications for historical sociolinguistics
Authors: Newerkla Stefan Michael
Published: December 2022

Due to the long history of mutual language contact, Slavic languages have had a considerable influence on German and attitudes towards multilingualism in Austria. With regard to the multilingual setting in the Habsburg state and its repercussions to this day, this article outlines the basic assumptions, the methodological toolkit as well as the main general findings of the special research programme “German in Austria. Variation – Contact – Perception”, especially its task cluster on language contact. The opinion paper concludes with an overview of the methodological lessons learnt and the possible implications for further sociolinguistic research in historical contexts.
„Computer says no“? Konsequenzen der Algorithmisierung von Entscheidungsprozessen
Authors: Kette Sven
Published: December 2022

Der Beitrag fragt nach den Konsequenzen der Algorithmisierung von Entscheidungsprozessen. Er geht dabei von der Beobachtung aus, dass in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Debatte um algorithmic decision making die technischen Implikationen von Algorithmen eher überbetont werden, wohingegen die sozialen Verwendungskontexte eher unterbelichtet bleiben. Insofern es sich bei diesen Verwendungskontexten zumeist um Organisationen handelt, plädiert der Beitrag dafür, die Effekte der Algorithmisierung als Effekte des organisationalen Umgangs mit Algorithmen zu begreifen. Gefragt wird daher in beide in Richtungen: Welche Effekte hat die organisationale Situiertheit auf die Algorithmisierung und – umgekehrt – welche Effekte hat die Algorithmisierung auf die organisationale Entscheidungsproduktion? Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass und wie Algorithmen zugeschriebene Probleme durch die organisationale Eigenlogik gebrochen werden und sie damit in Teilen entproblematisiert werden und in Teilen eine andere Zuspitzung erfahren.
Datafizierung und Technologiedefizit. Zum Einsatz von Daten und algorithmisch generierten Informationen in der Entscheidungsfindung an Hochschulen
Authors: Graf-Schlattmann Marcel
Published: December 2022

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Datafizierung, der Generierung und Nutzung von Daten zur Entscheidungsfindung an Hochschulen aus einem organisationalen Blickwinkel. Ausgangspunkt ist die Annahme, dass die organisationalen Bedingungen einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die digitale Transformation haben und diese nicht organisationsneutral zu verstehen ist. Dies wird in der Forschung rund um digitale Transformationsprozesse jedoch oftmals vernachlässigt. Zu sehen ist dies beispielsweise am Thema einer Datafizierung in Hochschulen, das mit disruptiven Erwartungen verknüpft ist, die jedoch den Einfluss der Organisation zu vernachlässigen scheinen. Vorgeschlagen wird diesbezüglich, das Technologiedefizit in Forschung und Lehre als organisationaler Faktor der Hochschulen in die Beschreibung der Datafizierung einzubeziehen. Das wechselseitige Zusammenwirken von Datafizierung und organisationalen Faktoren wird entlang der Möglichkeiten datenbasierter Analysen unter der Bedingung des Technologiedefizits sowie der Verknüpfung von Daten mit organisationalen Entscheidungsprogrammen in der hochschulischen Entscheidungsarchitektur aufbereitet. Auf dieser Basis entsteht ein organisationssensibles Verständnis der Datafizierung in Hochschulen, das die Bedeutung der Organisation im soziotechnischen digitalen Transformationsprozess hervorhebt.
Neue Grenzziehungen zwischen Formalität und Informalität? Die Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf die Arbeit im Büro
Authors: Roski Melanie
Published: December 2022

Der Einsatz digitaler Technologien führt in kaufmännisch-verwaltenden Tätigkeiten zu ausgeprägten Formalisierungstendenzen und zu einer Ausdifferenzierung von Tätigkeitsbereichen, die mit unterschiedlichen Handlungsspielräumen für die verschiedenen Beschäftigtengruppen einhergehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert die empirisch fundierte Analyse von Formalisierungsprozessen auf der einen Seite und die weiterbestehenden bzw. neu entstehenden Spielräume für informelle Lösungen und Prozesse auf der anderen Seite. Die Grundlage für die Analyse bilden acht Fallstudien in fünf Organisationen. Im Vordergrund standen qualitative Interviews mit Mitarbeiter:innen in der kaufmännisch-verwaltenden Sachbearbeitung und deren Erfahrungen im digitalen Transformationsprozess.
Effect of hydrophilic procedures on carboxyl content and antimicrobial activity of silver-treated nylon 6,6 fabrics
Authors: Yıldız Varan Nilüfer , Çaydamlı Yavuz , Altay Pelin
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the improvement of the hydrophilicity of nylon fabrics on different knit designs using the Hydrowick NA process with a combination of antimicrobial silver application and characterization of the treated fabrics by FTIR, SEM, XPS and antimicrobial activity tests using the AATCC 100 test method and moisture regain test. Antibacterial nylon fabrics have been developed by incorporating antibacterial agents into the structure of the fibres, for longer durability and effect, rather than just depositing them on the surface. Hydrophilic processes have an impact on the antimicrobial activity, resistance to repeated washing and moisture regain of the nylon fabrics. The nylon fabrics showed higher antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after the hydrophilic finishing process. It can be seen that there is a correlation between a decrease in bacterial growth and an increase in the concentration of the hydrophilic agent. The results showed that the weft-knitted nylon using the Hydrowick NA process had higher moisture regain at the same surface weight per unit of textile. Analysis of variance with p < 0.05 showed that the results were statistically significant. The 1 × 1 rib double jersey weft-knitted nylon fabrics showed the highest antimicrobial performance. It was also observed that the surface area of the fabric was also decisive for the antimicrobial activity.
Measurement of thermodynamic properties, including volumetric, sonic, and viscometrical properties, of aqueous solutions containing polyethylene glycol and erythromycin at 293.15, 303.15, and 313.15 K
Authors: Arjmandi Sama , Pazuki Gholamreza , Hadidi Naghmeh
Published: December 2022

In this study, the interactions in aqueous binary and ternary systems containing polyethylene glycol (6000) and erythromycin at different temperatures were investigated to utilize this information in the aqueous two-phase method for different purposes, including separation and purification. Through experimental methods, density, sound velocity, and viscosity at 293.15, 303.15, and 313.15 K were measured in aqueous solutions, including erythromycin and polyethylene glycol. From the experimental density data, apparent molar volume (ϕ
V), limiting apparent molar volume (ϕ
V
0) and transfer molar volume (

∆

t
r

ϕ
V
0

)

${{\increment}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}}{\phi }_{\mathrm{V}}^{0})$

have been calculated. Also, the experimental sound velocity data determined apparent molar isentropic compressibility (ϕ
k), limiting apparent molar isentropic compressibility (ϕ
k
0) and transfer isentropic compressibility (

∆

tr

ϕ
k
0

)

${{\increment}}_{\mathrm{tr}}{\phi }_{\mathrm{k}}^{0})$

values of polyethylene glycol (6000) from water to erythromycin solutions. Furthermore, experimental viscosity data and the Jones–Dole equation determined viscosity β
′-coefficient and transfer viscosity β
′-coefficient (

∆

t
r

β
′

)

${{\increment}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}}{\beta }^{\prime })$

values. The obtained results investigated the polymer effect as kosmotropic or chaotropic on erythromycin drug and the interaction between polyethylene glycol and erythromycin (solute-solute interactions). The results show that the interaction between drug and polymer is more desirable in the high-concentration polymer. Finally, results indicate that polyethylene glycol (6000) has played a kosmotropic role in aqueous solutions of erythromycin.
Organization of Clinician-Rated Personality Disorder Types According to ICD-11 Severity of Personality Dysfunction
Authors: Simon Jonatan , Bach Bo
Published: December 2022

Objective: The International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) model of personality disorders (PD) allows clinicians to classify personality dysfunction according to four levels of severity. This approach is partially inspired by Kernberg's levels of personality organization, in which various PD types are organized according to their level of severity. This study sought to investigate whether the established ICD-10 PD categories can be organized according to the four levels of ICD-11 PD severity, and to what extent this organization aligns with Kernberg's four levels of personality organization.

Method: A sample of 247 patients were rated by their mental health professionals according to ICD-10 PD categories and ICD-11 PD severity levels.

Results: The frequencies of ICD-10 PDs on the different ICD-11 PD severity levels were generally found to be consistent with Kernberg's model. Accordingly, borderline and antisocial PDs predominantly occurred at the most severe levels, whereas anankastic, avoidant, and dependent PDs typically occurred at the milder levels. Only paranoid and histrionic PDs were less consistent with Kernberg's model.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that the new ICD-11 PD severity dimension largely aligns with Kernberg's model of personality functioning with respect to the organization of PD types. Clinicians may therefore conceptualize familiar PD types in terms of their ICD-11 PD severity and vice versa.
Histamine Release in the Prefrontal Cortex Excites Fast-Spiking Interneurons while GABA Released from the Same Axons Inhibits Pyramidal Cells
Authors: Lucaci Diana , Yu Xiao , Chadderton Paul , Wisden William , Brickley Stephen G.
Published: December 2022

We studied how histamine and GABA release from axons originating from the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) and projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) influence circuit processing. We optostimulated histamine/GABA from genetically defined TMN axons that express the histidine decarboxylase gene (TMNHDCaxons). Whole-cell recordings from PFC neurons in layer 2/3 of prelimbic, anterior cingulate, and infralimbic regions were used to monitor excitability before and after optostimulated histamine/GABA release in male and female mice. We found that histamine-GABA release influences the PFC through actions on distinct neuronal types: the histamine stimulates fast-spiking interneurons; and the released GABA enhances tonic (extrasynaptic) inhibition on pyramidal cells (PyrNs). For fast-spiking nonaccommodating interneurons, histamine released from TMNHDCaxons induced additive gain changes, which were blocked by histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. The excitability of other fast-spiking interneurons in the PFC was not altered. In contrast, the GABA released from TMNHDCaxons predominantly produced divisive gain changes in PyrNs, increasing their resting input conductance, and decreasing the slope of the input–output relationship. This inhibitory effect on PyrNs was not blocked by histamine receptor antagonists but was blocked by GABAAreceptor antagonists. Across the adult life span (from 3 to 18 months of age), the GABA released from TMNHDCaxons in the PFC inhibited PyrN excitability significantly more in older mice. For individuals who maintain cognitive performance into later life, the increases in TMNHDCGABA modulation of PyrNs during aging could enhance information processing and be an adaptive mechanism to buttress cognition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hypothalamus controls arousal state by releasing chemical neurotransmitters throughout the brain to modulate neuronal excitability. Evidence is emerging that the release of multiple types of neurotransmitters may have opposing actions on neuronal populations in key cortical regions. This study demonstrates for the first time that the neurotransmitters histamine and GABA are released in the prefrontal cortex from axons originating from the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. This work demonstrates how hypothalamic modulation of neuronal excitability is maintained throughout adult life, highlighting an unexpected aspect of the aging process that may help maintain cognitive abilities.
Hippocampal Theta and Episodic Memory
Authors: Rudoler Joseph H. , Herweg Nora A. , Kahana Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Computational models of rodent physiology implicate hippocampal theta as a key modulator of learning and memory (Buzsáki and Moser, 2013; Lisman and Jensen, 2013), yet human hippocampal recordings have shown divergent theta correlates of memory formation. Herweg et al. (2020) suggest that decreases in memory-related broadband power mask narrowband theta increases. Their survey also notes that the theta oscillations appear most prominently in contrasts that isolate memory retrieval processes and when aggregating signals across large brain regions. We evaluate these hypotheses by analyzing human hippocampal recordings captured as 162 neurosurgical patients (n= 86 female) performed a free recall task. Using the Irregular-Resampling Auto-Spectral Analysis (IRASA) to separate broad and narrowband components of the field potential, we show that (1) broadband and narrowband components of theta exhibit opposite effects, with broadband signals decreasing and narrowband theta increasing during successful encoding; (2) whereas low-frequency theta oscillations increase before successful recall, higher-frequency theta and alpha oscillations decrease, masking the positive effect of theta when aggregating across the full band; and (3) the effects of theta on memory encoding and retrieval do not differ between reference schemes that accentuate local signals (bipolar) and those that aggregate signals globally (whole-brain average). In line with computational models that ascribe a fundamental role for hippocampal theta in memory, our large-scale study of human hippocampal recordings shows that 3–4 Hz theta oscillations reliably increase during successful memory encoding and before spontaneous recall of previously studied items.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnalyzing recordings from 162 participants, we resolve a long-standing question regarding the role of hippocampal theta oscillations in the formation and retrieval of episodic memories. We show that broadband spectral changes confound estimates of narrowband theta activity, thereby accounting for inconsistent results in the literature. After accounting for broadband effects, we find that increased theta activity marks successful encoding and retrieval of episodic memories, supporting rodent models that ascribe a key role for hippocampal theta in memory function.
Realizing common prosperity: The action logic of social entrepreneurship community mobilization in rural tourism
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xu Hong , Jia Rongrong , Yang Hongyan , Wang Caicai
Published: December 2022

The effective participation of rural residents in tourism social entrepreneurship can improve their quality of life and promote community transformation. Hence, it is important to understand the strategies and process of community mobilization by social entrepreneurs. This study focuses on the strategy of village cadre, who play the dual roles of an entrepreneur and a policy implementer to mobilize community residents to participate in collective tourism entrepreneurship and the mechanism for changing residents’ attitudes in a rural China context, by using the longitudinal research method of nonparticipatory observation and 50 interviews conducted in Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province. The results show that the community mobilization of social entrepreneurs has not been accomplished overnight but has undergone a 3-stage dynamic process of change. These results indicate that social enterprises should incorporate indigenous people into their value network in the early stage of tourism development and continue to explore the mechanism of affiliating residents with benefits, so as to further increase residents’ in-depth participation. Residents play the dual roles of producer and collaborator in tourism social entrepreneurship and work with social entrepreneurs to promote the sustainable development of rural tourism and achieve common prosperity.
Dynamic Fatigue Behavior of Hip Joint under Patient Specific Loadings
Authors: Joshi Tanuj , Sharma Ravikant , Mittal Vinod Kumar , Gupta Vikas , Krishan Gopal
Published: December 2022

In the present work, a finite element model with standard Charnley’s implant of hip joint is considered for investigation under different patient-specific dynamic activities obtained in vivo. The application of forces occurred due to human movement, which ultimately generates dynamic stress over the prosthesis. Anatomical loading constraints are more clinically relevant than ISO standards. The performance of different materials for each suitable gait pattern is analyzed using commercial finite element code. A liner isotropic material Ti-6Al-4V and PMMA material is utilized for an implant and bone cement, respectively. However, cortical and cancellous bone are treated as non-isotropic in nature. Clinically obtained dynamic forces and torque are being used for the present investigation. Additionally, Goodman, Solderberg, Gerber and ASME elliptic fatigue theories were considered to obtain the fatigue life of the implant. The most strenuous activity in terms of stress and strain are, going downstairs followed by going upstairs, walking, standing up and sitting down, which have been found in good agreement with the safety factor for every activity. Additionally, the life expectancy of the implant was a minimum of 23 years under every dynamic motion. The present work exhibits the greater relevance in terms of the life expectancy of implant for the pre-surgical analysis before implanted in vivo.
Treating ‘osteoporosis’: a near miss in an unusual case of FGF-23-mediated hypophosphataemic osteomalacia
Authors: Lin Mike , Ganda Kirtan
Published: December 2022

We present the case of a 60-year-old female who developed repeated atraumatic stress fractures. She was initially diagnosed with osteoporosis based on her dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores and started on denosumab therapy. Secondary osteoporosis screen revealed abnormal myeloma screen and low serum phosphate levels. It was thought that the patient had multiple myeloma with associated Fanconi-related tubular dysfunction. However, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels were grossly elevated, making Fanconi syndrome unlikely. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with two separate conditions, namely cardiac amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis and FGF-23-related hypophosphataemia, likely due to tumour-induced osteomalacia. This case highlights the importance of excluding osteomalacia as a cause of low BMD and checking FGF-23 levels in the workup for hypophosphataemia.

Learning Points

Tumour-induced osteomalacia is a difficult diagnosis as the tumour is often small and slow growing. Imaging may fail to identify a tumour, and treatment therefore consists of calcitriol and phosphate replacement.

Tumour-induced osteomalacia should be suspected in the adult presenting with new-onset hypophosphataemia, elevated FGF-23 levels and isolated renal phosphate wasting.

Serum phosphate is not part of the routine chemistry panels. Routinely checking phosphate levels prior to initiating antiresorptive therapy is warranted.

DXA cannot distinguish low bone mineral density due to osteoporosis from osteomalacia. Antiresorptive therapy should be avoided in osteomalacia due to the risk of clinical and radiographic deterioration.
Thermodynamic properties of melts of Cu—Yb and Cu—In—Yb systems
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Romanova L.O. , Kudin V. G. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Dudnik A. S. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Ivanov M. I. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Sudavtsova V. S. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of the melts the Cu-Yb system in the composition range 0 < xCu <0,7 and for 5 sections of Cu – In – Yb system with a constant ratio of the other two components (xCu/xIn=0,36/0,64; xCu/xIn= 0,62/0,38; xIn/xYb= 0,62/0,38; xCu/xYb =0,64/0,36; xCu/xYb =0,21/0,79) to x3 = 0.3 by method isoperibolical calorimetry in the temperature range 1453-1473K first were determined. Using the model of ideal associated solutions (IAR), all the thermodynamic properties (Gibbs energies of mixing melts, enthalpy and entropy of formation of intermetallic compounds and associates) of the Cu–Yb system were calculated. It turned out that the activity of the components in the melts of this system exhibit small negative deviations from ideal solutions. Calculations using the IAR model also made it possible to establish that with increasing temperature it increases slightly, but more significantly. Also were obtained the coordinates of the liquidus curve of the diagram state of the studied system. The principal contribution to the enthalpies of mixing in the liquid alloysof the Cu–In–Yb system gives the border subsystem In–Yb. Because the minimum of the mixing enthalpies in the ternary sysytem Cu–In–Yb shifts towards the equiatomic alloy concentration of subsystem In–Yb (-36,5±1,0) at Т= 1453 К. Using the experimental partial and integral enthalpies of mixing, the activities of the components in the melts of binary limiteyted system of melts of the Cu–In–Yb ternary system, calculated according to «geometric» and the Redlich-Kister-Mujian models in a wide range of concentrations. It is established that the experimental ∆H, and calculated analogical datas according to the Redlich-Kister-Mujianu model agree between. It is shown that the activities of the components in the melts of this system, calculated according to the Redlich-Kister model, show small negative deviations from ideal solutions at 1453 K. From these of data calculated G, S. It was found that Gmin = –19 kJ/mol, Smin = –15 J/mol*K for the alloy In0,5Yb0,5. This correlates with the determined thermochemical properties of the melts Cu –In– Yb system. Keywords: calorimetry, the melts, intermetallic, thermodynamic properties, Cu, Yb, In, the model of ideal associated solutions, the Redlich—Kister—Mujianu model, phase equilibria.
Dietary intake of folate and the frequency of its deficiency in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy children
Authors:   Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Department of Children’s Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, Ternopil, Ukraine, Dobrovolska L. I. , Boyarchuk O. R. ,   Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Department of Children’s Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, Ternopil, Ukraine;, Kinash M. I. ,   Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Department of Children’s Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, Ternopil, Ukraine;
Published: December 2022

Adequate folate intake is essential for a child’s growth. There is lack of information about the prevalence of this nutrient deficiency in the Ukrainian population, including children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dietary intake of folate and determine the frequency of folate deficiency in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and healthy children. Determination of folate in serum was performed by ELISA. Folate level <3 ng/ml was diagnosed as a folate deficiency. Among all observed children the folate deficiency was diagnosed in 23 (32.9%): in 6 (17.1%) patients with T1D and in 17 (48.6%) healthy children (P ≤ 0.01). The mean level of serum folate in patients with T1D was (5.09 ± 2.16) ng/ml and (3.72 ± 1.87) ng/ml in healthy children (P ≤ 0.01). The average daily intake of folate with food was (138.68 ± 70.37) µg, without difference between T1D (12.00 ± 3.51 yr.) and healthy groups (10.83 ± 3.24 yr.), and it was more than two times lower than age requirements (300 µg/day). However, it was self-reported that 15 (48.9%) children of T1D group received vitamin supplementation one time in six months, while in healthy children only 6 (17.1%) children received vitamins (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the frequency of folate deficiency is high in the pediatric population. Nutrition does not provide the necessary intake of folate, which indicates the need for additional folate supplementation. Keywords: children., deficiency, diabetes mellitus, dietary intake, folate
Intercultural Theology and the Historicity of Thinking
Authors: Grube Dirk-Martin
Published: December 2022

In this article, I analyze the German-speaking discussion on the discipline of Intercultural Theology. Among others, I criticize Schmidt-Leukel’s suggestion to define it as interreligious theology. This definition being somewhat arbitrary, I suggest reconstructing it under the parameters of philosophical and cultural insights that acknowledge the historicity of thinking and the ethnocentricity of justification. This move allows to allows “transmission-centered approaches” to be replaced by “context-sensitive” ones that honor the subject status of the Christian Other.
How to do Intercultural Theology
Authors: Gmainer-Pranzl Franz
Published: December 2022

Like any fairly new academic subject, intercultural theology is imbued with creativity and innovation, but it is not always clear how this subject can be structured and what criteria can be employed to distinguish between respective topics and areas of work
Trajectories in Intercultural Theology
Authors: Schreiter Robert J.
Published: December 2022

The article looks at the development of Intercultural Theology over the past 40 years.I nterest in intercultural theologies has been evident since the mid-1970s. Called by various names throughout this more than forty-year history— contextual theologies, local theologies, theologies of inculturation—the initial focus in these theological approaches was to provide a more appropriate vehicle for Christian faith that was attuned to cultural circumstances outside Europe and North America by attending more to the cultural context in which theological thinking was to be articulated.
World Christianity in Dialogue with World Religions
Authors: Chia Edmund Kee-Fook
Published: December 2022

Even if the study of Christianity’s interreligious and intercultural dialogues is associated with concerns found primarily in the non-Western worlds, the two forms of dialogues actually have their origins in the Western academy. For Christianity, interreligious dialogue is a response to the plurality of religions while intercultural dialogue responds to the cultural plurality within the Christian tradition itself. They are, respectively, Christianity’s engagement with what has come to be known as World Religions and Western Christianity’s engagement with what has come to be known as World Christianity. The present article looks at the genealogy of both these engagements and explores their implications for Christian theology, offering a glimpse into the different methods theologians employ today in apprehending the new situation.
Projektowanie zajęć języka ojczystego mniejszości narodowej w kontekście zdalnego nauczania
Authors:   Dr, Zachodniopomorska Szkoła Biznesu w Szczecinie, Wydział Ekonomii i Pedagogiki w Gryficach, Polska, Erenc-Grygoruk Grażyna
Published: December 2022

This article focuses on the design of distance learning for a national minority mother tongue lessons. During a pandemic, the implementation of ICT in the teaching process creates new opportunities for teachers and sets a new quality in education. The author drew attention to the individual elements of the didactic process that should be take into account by every teacher. In designing, it is also extremely important to organize many didactic situations that activate and eveninspire the student.
Projektowo-zorientowane nauczanie zasad inżynierii oprogramowania
Authors:   Dr inż., Politechnika Białostocka, Wydział Informatyki, Polska, Chmielewski Andrzej , Jarząbek Stanisław ,   Prof. nadzw. dr hab., Politechnika Białostocka, Wydział Informatyki, Polska
Published: December 2022

Typically, our courses include teaching lectures, tutorials/labs, and student evaluation in interim tests and final exams. For courses in which students supposed to learn practical application of software engineering principles, such a teaching model not always yields satisfactory results: Passing an exam does not guarantee that students can transfer absorbed knowledge into their programming practice, or even use it effectively in follow up courses that require students to apply that knowledge in a new context. To counter this problem, educators often include substantial programming projects into their courses. It is authors' opinion that to get better teaching outcomes, It is important to enhance the role of projects in software engineering courses in two aspects. Firstly, lecture material should be tightly integrated and synchronized with the project work. Secondly, course evaluation should be based on evaluation of the project work, with written tests and final exams playing a complementary role. In the paper, authors motivate and explain their methodology to teach a project-oriented course based on a 15-year experience of teaching such courseat the National University of Singapore and Bialystok University of Technology.
Wybrane aspekty realizacji podstawy programowej informatyki rozszerzonej w szkole średniej
Authors:   Dr inż., Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Wschodnioeuropejska w Przemyślu, Polska, Kisiel Piotr
Published: December 2022

The lack of appropriate software causes many problems in school reality. These problems have two origins. Firstly, many schools cannot afford to buy specialized software, and secondly, even if the classrooms are equipped with appropriate software, it is not possible to use it when the student is at home. The problem becomes very serious when we talk about content that requires a large number of hours of the student's own work, or we are doomed to work remotely. This is exactly the situation when we deal with animation and editing of audio-video material. This article introduces to use of Blender open source in 2D animation with Blender Grease Pencil and Blender Video Editing. The proposed solutions do not entail any financial costs due to the fact that BLENDER open source 3D creation suite is a free program with moderate hardware needs.
Prawnoautorska ochrona programów i gier komputerowych
Authors:   Dr inż., Politechnika Częstochowska, Polska, Iskierka Iwona , Iskierka Sławomir ,   Prof. PCz. dr hab. inż., Politechnika Częstochowska, Polska
Published: December 2022

The article reviews issues related to the copyright protection of computer programs and games. Attention was paid to the concept of intellectual property and legal issues related to the management of collective copyrights and related rights. Selected issues related to the history and development of copyright are presented. The history of computer games and issues related to the status of a computer game in the context of copyright were also discussed.
The Problem of Economic Development as a Theoretical Basis of the Concept of Economic Breakthrough
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Al Aayedi Ali , Inshakova Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: December 2022

The problems of providing economic growth are particularly acute for the countries of the world economy at present. This is notably due to rather aggressive and rapidly changing external environment and high flow rate of intra-country and inter-country innovation. However, the problem of economic growth and economic development is not new; it has been studied by the representatives of various economic schools for several centuries. The article considers the main milestones in the evolution of theoretical ideas on the phenomenon of economic growth and economic development as a necessary condition for the formation of the author’s approach to the problem of economic breakthrough (the breakthrough economic development). Breakthrough socio-economic development is characterized in the paper as the development based on innovations, involving the implementation of the major transformations in the fundamental characteristics of the separate industries and the national economy as a whole, transforming its structure and organizational and managerial sub-systems. The author substantiates that it is expedient to consider breakthrough development as an estimated characteristic of a country’s development (indicators of its socio-economic development) in a global context, that is, relative to other countries of the world economy. Such development is possible due to the mobilization and redistribution of all necessary resources to science-intensive industries, which will ensure the enhancement of competitiveness and technological independence of the country and its world leadership in the breakthrough areas.