bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hibridez genérica y unidad artística en la comedia de santos: el proceso de hibridación en «Lo fingido verdadero»
Authors: Rubiera Javier
Published: January 2022

Este artículo explora el fenómeno de la hibridación genérica en una peculiar comedia hagiográfica de Lope de Vega, Lo fingido verdadero. Estudia de qué modo se integran en ella numerosos elementos de naturaleza heterogénea dentro de una estructura dramática móvil, en la que se combinan rasgos de drama histórico, comedia de capa y espada, comedia de enredo amoroso, tragedia y comedia de santos. Lope logra conferir unidad artística al conjunto de personajes y de acontecimientos de distinto género mediante un tema articulador de los tres actos (la metáfora del theatrum mundi), el juego de contraposición entre dos personajes protagonistas, y una red de recurrencias, simetrías, contrastes y símbolos (laurel y pan). Se tienen en cuenta la relación de la obra con sus fuentes y la comparación con otras comedias hagiográficas de Lope o con otros dramas españoles sobre la figura de San Ginés.
Datos sobre la ambientación histórica de «La victoria de la honra», de Lope de Vega
Authors: López Martínez José Enrique
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo analiza los detalles de la ambientación histórica de la tragicomedia La victoria de la honra, a la luz de varias fuentes cronísticas de la visita de Felipe II a Sevilla en mayo de 1570. Siguiendo los estudios previos de Federico Ruiz Morcuende y especialmente de Janet Norden, se hace una comparación de algunos pasajes de la obra de Lope con la crónica impresa de la visita real escrita por Juan de Mal Lara, así como con otras tres cartas o relaciones manuscritas y un romance escritos parala misma ocasión. Este análisis permite corroborar la veracidad de varios de los detalles que presenta el texto del Fénix, pero asimismo muestra un uso impreciso por parte del autor de otros datos, y adición de numerosos detalles de su invención, lo que también permite descartar que haya utilizado alguna de estas crónicas como apoyo documental para la ficción dramática. Finalmente, propongo la hipótesis de que la obra debió de ser escrita en fechas anteriores a las propuestas por Morley y Bruerton (1609-1615), especialmente por el uso impreciso en el texto, o manipulado, de la figura del III duque de Alba.
How we do it? Surgical gastrostomy
Authors: Kerawala Asad Ali , Jamal Abid
Published: January 2022

Head and neck cancers are debilitating and disfiguring at the same time. The distress experienced by the patient is multiplied
when he or she is unable to eat and drink, which later results in weight loss and cachexia. Percutaneous Endoscopic
Gastrostomy is a popular but expensive intervention, which provides patients with an alternative nourishment method.
Considering the limited resources, this treatment option should only be used in justified cases in order to provide benefit
to a maximum number of patients. Here we present our innovative way of performing surgical gastrostomy under local
anesthesia. It is cheaper, safer and avoids general anesthesia. The patient is ambulatory within 2 hours of surgery which is
performed as a daycare procedure.
Skuteczność zmian przepisów dotyczących rejestrowania
obrotu za pomocą kas rejestrujących
Authors: Szymanek Paweł
Published: January 2022

W artykule oceniono przepisy dotyczące rejestrowania obrotu przy użyciu kas on-line oraz obowiązek podawania
numeru identyfikacji podatkowej (NIP) na paragonach przez podatników, którzy następnie otrzymali fakturę VAT.
Dotychczasowe publikacje na ten temat ograniczały się do informacji bez analizy skuteczności wprowadzonych
zmian. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy dzięki tym zmianom zostały wyeliminowane patologie związane
z korzystaniem z kas rejestrujących. Po przeprowadzonej analizie stwierdzono, że omawiana nowelizacja
przepisów nie wpłynęła znacząco na zmniejszenie skali zjawiska nieewidencjonowania obrotu przy użyciu kas
rejestrujących on-line oraz na wyeliminowanie procederu wystawiania paragonów z niskimi cenami celem dalszej
sprzedaży towarów po cenach rynkowych bez opodatkowania. Stwierdzono jednak wpływ na likwidację patologii
polegającej na wystawianiu faktur dla podatników, którzy nie dokonali faktycznego zakupu towarów lub usług na
podstawie paragonu.
Konwersja wierzytelności na podwyższenie kapitału
zakładowego – skutki podatkowe
Authors: Sobiech Agnieszka , Sobiech Maciej
Published: January 2022

Podwyższenie kapitału zakładowego w drodze konwersji wierzytelności jest drugim – obok podwyższenia w drodze
kapitalizacji rezerw spółki – sposobem nominalnego podwyższenia kapitału zakładowego. Konwersja długu
na kapitał zakładowy rodzi zmiany jedynie w obrębie pasywów spółki, a nie powoduje żadnych skutków dla majątku
spółki, które są charakterystyczne przy wniesieniu aportu w postaci nowej rzeczy lub prawa (nieefektywny
sposób podwyższenia kapitału zakładowego1). Zamiana długu na udziały (akcje) zmniejsza zadłużenie spółki w
wyniku wygaśnięcia zobowiązania i powoduje zwiększenie innego elementu pasywów w postaci kapitału zakładowego.
Wierzycielem spółki może być dotychczasowy dłużnik oraz osoba trzecia, która w wyniku konwersji nabędzie
udziały (akcje) spółki2. Jako mechanizm zmniejszenia zobowiązań spółki konwersja wierzytelności jest wykorzystywana
w postępowaniach restrukturyzacyjnych w celu oddłużenia3. W niniejszym opracowaniu omówiono
skutki podatkowe konwersji wierzytelności w podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych.
Dengueside Survival: Providing a serious board game to fight against the Aedes aegypti mosquito
Authors: Azevedo Gabriel Silva de , Lima Lucas Silva , Barbosa Isabel Conceição , Sarinho Victor Travassos
Published: January 2022

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector for transmitting diseases that represent a recurring public health problem. Different educational campaigns and activities have been developed for mosquito prevention and control, such as the production of educational games. This paper presents the final result of the conception, design, construction and validation of the “Dengueside Survival”, a serious board game that presents the fight against the Aedes aegypti mosquito in a cooperative perspective. Dengueside provides five initial missions for players who must act as health agents to complete the proposed combat and control missions against the mosquito. For the validation of the proposed game, matches in physical and virtual environments were carried out, together with the application of the MEEGA+ questionnaire on the respective players, showing as a result the viability of the proposed game as a playful tool to support awareness of the fight against mosquitoes.
Jungen als Opfer von sexueller Gewalt
Authors: Fobian Clemens , Lindenberg Michael , Ulfers Rainer
Published: January 2022

Die zweite, aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage des Lehrbuchs will Fachleute im Feld der Sozialen Arbeit für Jungen als Betroffene sexualisierter Gewalt sensibilisieren und ihre Handlungssicherheit im Umgang mit ihnen verstärken. Das Erleben sexualisierter Gewalt prägt Männer und Frauen unterschiedlich. Das kommt in ihrem Umgang damit zum Ausdruck. Sexualisierte Gewalt an Jungen und an Mädchen führt wegen differenter Geschlechterbilder und einer entsprechenden Sozialisation in der Eigen- und der Fremdwahrnehmung zu unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen. Hiervon ausgehend wird beschrieben, warum Jungen und Männer ein spezielles Beratungsangebot benötigen und wie es konzipiert werden kann. Die theoretische Einordnung wird mit praktischen Anregungen für die Soziale Arbeit verknüpft.
Recht auf Referenz?
Authors: Kocatepe Sibel
Published: January 2022

Reference art in the digital age is intensifying the conflict between artists and authors. The introduction of limitations or exceptions for pastiche, user-generated content or fair use in a modified form can provide a fair balance of interests. In addition to new limitations and exceptions, with a view to the dynamics of the art landscape, possibilities must also be found to concretize the new statutory provisions with regard to new art forms at short notice and bindingly without recourse to the judiciary. In this way, a balance of interests can be created, but also legal security can be ensured and the legitimacy of copyright law can be strengthened.
Bildung und Nutzung des Fonds für allgemeine Bankrisiken gemäß § 340g HGB
Authors: Bieg Hartmut , Waschbusch Gerd
Published: January 2022

This book deals with the silent and open risk provisioning policies of banks. In addition to presenting the regulations for the formation and dissolution of bank-specific open and silent provision reserves in accordance with Sections 340f and 340g of the German Commercial Code (HGB), the book particularly focuses on explaining the theoretical foundations of these two regulations. It subsequently provides solutions to various problems that arise from the application of Sections 340f and 340g. The investigation’s main finding is that the protective concept pursued by legislators using the aforementioned regulations, namely the prevention of a bank run, is no longer in keeping with the times and that Sections 340f and 340g should therefore be deleted irrevocably from the German Commercial Code by the legislature.
UN-Friedensmissionen und externe Demokratieförderung
Authors: Golgowski Sina Marleen
Published: January 2022

After the failed peace operations of the early 1990s, the UN initiated a shift in strategy. Henceforth, the protection of civilians was also to be facilitated by more robust interventions—embedded in the external promotion of democracy as a political strategy with which to maintain international peace sustainably. The determination of a revised approach to the promotion of democracy on the basis of the UN's political and operational guidelines is the main focus of the first part of this study. Based on these findings, an analysis of the UNOCI peace operation in the second part reveals a divergence between aspiration and reality: Democratic elections continue to be of particular importance.
Der Begriff des Stromnetzes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung moderner Stromspeichertechnologien
Authors: Filipowicz Michael
Published: January 2022

The regulation of the electricity industry is based on the term “grid”. Nevertheless, there is still no usable definition of the grid. Such a de facto receptive concept of the grid functions in unambiguous cases but offers little support when it comes to assessing new technical developments such as electricity storage. This thesis develops a definition of the term “grid” based on the requirements of European law and an economic analysis. Based on this definition, it assesses the new technical possibilities of storing electricity by grid operators. It also offers an overview of the relevant discussion in the USA.
Il testo dell´Erissia: storia della tradizione
Authors: Donato Marco
Published: January 2022

This book offers a complete reconstruction of the ancient and Byzantine tradition of the pseudoplatonic Eryxias, a dialogue concerning the relationship between wealth and virtue. This text is preserved in our medieval manuscripts in the Appendix of spurious dialogues, but probably found its origin in the Ancient Academy. The book contains a thorough investigation of the indirect and direct tradition of the text. The section on the Byzantine transmission improves the reconstruction of the manuscript tradition of the Appendix offered by Levi Arnold Post (1934). All known manuscripts have been newly collated, providing the necessary basis for a new critical edition of this often overlooked text.
Der Wert von Arbeit
Authors: Niewerth Claudia
Published: January 2022

Transformation challenges represent a profound change in production and the organisation of work. The rules and principles of collective bargaining, company performance and pay systems are constantly coming under new pressure because they appear unsuitable for a flexible and agile world of work. Triggered by the change of activities and the changing demands of employees, new concepts of remuneration are being developed and tested. ‘The Value of Work’ discusses ideas related to 'new pay' and the potential of collectively agreed regulations in modern forms of work organisation.
Clinical and Laboratory Patterns of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the West of Iran
Authors: Sedighi Iraj , Karimi Kiana , Sedighi Parinaz , Tanasan Asadolah , Shalchi Zohreh , Molaei Fahimeh , Soltanian Ali Reza , Bazmamoun Hassan
Published: January 2022

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was first warned by the National Health Service in England following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of MIS-C to be used for timely diagnosis and preventing possible complications. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 47 patients under 21 years old diagnosed with MIS-C. Results: We found that 25 (53.2%) patients were male, and the median age of participants was 5.58 years. The most common clinical manifestations were fever, rash, conjunctival injection, mucous membrane changes, periorbital edema, gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory distress, tachycardia, and swollen hands and feet. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were elevated in 85 and 45.5% of cases at presentation, respectively. Chest X-ray (CXR) was performed for all cases, and a computed tomography (CT) scan was carried out for patients with severe pulmonary symptoms or abnormal CXR. The results of most CT scans were normal. Decreased myocardial function in echocardiography was detected in more than half of the cases. All patients received intravenous immunoglobulins, and more than 90% received steroids as co-administration therapy or second-line treatment. Conclusions: According to our findings, simultaneous fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and limb or periorbital edema is a key feature for MIS-C diagnosis. Moreover, the evidence of COVID-19 should be assessed in suspected cases of toxic shock syndrome or Kawasaki disease due to highly similar manifestations of these two diseases with MIS-C secondary to COVID-19.
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)-Based Guy’s Stone Score (GSS) Utility for Prediction of Outcomes of Upper Pole Access Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Authors: Hasan Arshad , Singh Gyanprakash , Panda Sabyasachi
Published: January 2022

Background: Renal stone disease is a very common disease, and its lifetime prevalence is 1 - 15%, with a gradual rise in incidence and disease prevalence. There are significant financial implications of its management. Nowadays, for big (typically > 2 cm) renal and upper ureteric stones, PCNL is widely regarded as the first-line treatment. Because most of the intrarenal collecting systems can be accessed by superior calyceal puncture in PCNL, good stone clearance can be achieved. The “Guy’s Stone Score” is a useful technique for categorizing the complexity of PCNL. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of Guys Stone Score based on KUB and intravenous urography to predict the success rate, grading, and complexity of PCNL, which are performed via the upper pole access. Methods: The present prospective, non-randomized observational study was undertaken in the Department of Urology and Renal transplantation, SCBMCH, Cuttack, from 1st November 2017 to 31st October 2019. A total of 104 patients were enrolled in the study in whom PCNL was performed through superior calyceal puncture, based on preoperative intravenous pyelogram. The Guy's Stone Score was calculated, and the complexity of the procedure was graded using radiological studies, then the outcome was determined accordingly. Results: In this study, 59.6% of the patients had immediate success among them 29.0% had grade 3, and 6.5% had grade 4 GSS. Moreover, 38.4% of the patients had clinically significant residual fragments among them, 75.0% had grade 4, and 20.0% had grade 3 GSS.23% of the patients underwent REDO-PCNL and 11.5% of the patients underwent accesory/ancillary procedure of ESWL. Conclusions: The present study shows that an intravenous pyelogram-based Guy’s Stone Score (GSS) is an easy-to-use tool in predicting the early success rate and potential difficulties and complications in PCNL performed through superior calyceal puncture.
SHAREHOLDER VALUE E RISCOS AO COMPLIANCE EMPRESARIAL: INFLUÊNCIAS DOS MODELOS DE GESTÃO NA ÉTICA CORPORATIVA
Authors: Frazão Ana de Oliveira , Lacerda Natalia De Melo
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar os impactos da adoção da teoria do shareholder value no compliance empresarial, sob o prisma da criminologia econômica. A pesquisa será feita pela revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, com base no método dedutivo. O artigo busca a compressão de como os fatores culturais, sociais e psicológicos interferem no processo de decisão dos empresários e gestores de companhias que se engajam com a criminalidade corporativa. Abandona-se a explicação mais tradicional para o crime baseada no modelo racional de escolha, em que os agentes apenas operacionalizam o cálculo entre a estrutura de custos e incentivos e os ganhos advindos da conduta ilícita. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o interesse social molda a governança corporativa e o compliance, porque é a bússola para as decisões empresariais e formação da cultura. Conclui-se que a identificação do interesse social das companhias com a maximização dos lucros pode ser prejudicial do ponto de vista ético por contribuir para a irrelevância do interesse das partes relacionadas (stakeholders), dificultando a introdução de ponderações morais a serem refletidas na operacionalização dos programas de compliance.
Risk assessment of orthodontic anomalies in children in suburban areas
Authors: Radumilo Danijela , Vučinić Predrag , Ivić Stojan , Petrović Đorđe
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Orthodontic anomalies are very common both in the world and in our country. The etiology of orthodontic anomalies is multifactorial, complex and conditioned by numerous genetic and non-genetic factors: endogenous and exogenous. Prevention of orthodontic anomalies is possible if we have an insight into the most common etiological factors. Goal: To assess the frequency of individual etiological factors and assess the overall risk of orthodontic anomalies in children in suburban environments. Materials and methods: The research was conducted on 115 children, first grade elementary school pupils (28.68% of all 1st grade students), average age of 6.8 years, from 4 settlements around Novi Sad: Kisač, Kać, Veternik, and Futog. The research was conducted in the form of anonymous rounding surveys for parents with a preliminary explanation of the questions asked. The questions included etiological factors for the occurrence of orthodontic anomalies (diseases in pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, supplementation and feeding, type of pacifier, position of the bottle when eating, bad habits, position when sleeping, position of arms when sleeping in relation to the jaw, pillow height, mouth breathing, orthodontic anomalies in parents). Results: Results indicate the following etiological factors as the most common: supplementary feeding and bottle feeding (in 41.74% of cases), breastfeeding from 0 to 6 months (40.87% of respondents) and mouth breathing (in 24.35% of children). In the examination of the total risk for orthodontic anomalies, low-risk was found in 95.65% of cases, medium-risk in 4.35% (in Kisac 9.38%, in Kać 2.94%, in Veternik 4.35%, in Futog 0% of children), while there were no high-risk respondents. Conclusion: Preventive measures should be aimed at educating mothers about the need and benefits of a natural way of breastfeeding and of using a spoon for supplementation and feeding.
Parry Romberg syndrome with en coup de sabre: A report of a rare case
Authors: Faizal Asan , Babu Subhas , Shetty Vikram , Castelino Renita , Pandita Vaibhav
Published: January 2022

The basis of the problem: Parry Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a rare developmental disorder manifesting as a slow and progressive atrophy of the face which is often unilateral, hence also termed as rpogressivehemifacial atrophy. The extent of the atrophy may vary, involving the superficial skin extending upto the underlying bone. The clinical features of PRS include craniofacial, neurologic, ophthalmic and dermatological manifestations, which result in various functional and psychological problems. PRS and linear scleroderma belong to the same disease spectrum. There can be demarcating line between the normal and abnormal skin seen in PRS, termed as "en coup de sabre". PRS is most commonly seen in females and involves the left side of the face. Method: We hereby report a case of PRS in a young girl presenting with en coup de sabre appearance on the right side of face. Results: Microsurgical facial reconstruction of the affected side is known to be the gold standard method for correction of the facial symmetry. In our case, the patient is currently kept under long term follow up and cosmetic surgical treatment will be planned once the atrophy attains stability. Conclusion: The association of PRS with linear scleroderma may present difficulty in its diagnosis. Hence, careful recording of the history and clinical examination with appropriate investigations can aid in establishing the correct diagnosis.
Regenerative periodontal therapy: I part
Authors: Petrović Milica , Kesić Ljiljana , Obradović Radmila , Stojanović Simona , Stojković Branislava , Bojović Marija , Stanković Ivana , Todorović Kosta , Spasić Milan , Stošić Nenad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Under the concept of regenerative periodontal therapy, there are two approaches: the first is the passive regeneration conceptthat includes bone substituents and guided periodontal regeneration by using of biomembranes and the second concept of active regeneration that impliesthe use of growth factors. The aim of the passive regeneration, by using of bone matrix (bone substituens) has been stabilization and bone defects management, preventing epithelial tissue growth, as well as saving space for the new tissue regeneration. This concept implies the use of autogenous transplantats, xenografts, allografts, as well as alloplastic materials. The carriers for active tissue regeneration, growth factors -GF are biological mediators that regulate cellular processes and that is crucial for the tissue regeneration. Aim:Presentation ofmodern approaches to periodontal therapy thatare focused on the attachment regeneration and complete reconstruction of periodontal tissue. Conclusion: In the future, periodontal regenerative therapy with periodontalligament progenitor cells should encourage repopulation of the areas that have been affected by periodontal disease.
Anthropometric parameters and aesthetics in the making of fixed prosthodontic restaurations: Part 1
Authors: Gligorijević Nikola , Igić Marko , Andjelković Maja , Jovanović Marija , Janković Natasa , Kostić Milena
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Modern dental procedures, especially those in prosthodontics, restore the functional capacity of the orofacial system and improve the patient's appearance. The modern concept of aesthetic dentistry is the most natural appearance of the teeth, and the success of the therapy is closely connected with the respect of anthropometric parameters and the correct ratio of hard and soft oral tissues. Orofacial elements should not be viewed separately from the composition of the face because they form an inseparable whole with it. The aim of this study was to analyze the parameters of the orofacial system that affect the aesthetics of fixed prosthodontic restorations based on literature data and clinical experience. Conclusion: The beauty of a smile is determined by the shape, color and proportions of the upper front teeth. The harmony in creating a smile is not significantly affected by individual numerical values of tooth width and length, but by their mutual relationship. A beautiful smile implies the convergence of the longitudinal axes of the front teeth in relation to the midline of the dental arch, which progresses from the central incisor to the canine. In addition to these criteria, the visibility of the incisors, the midline of the face and dental arch, interdental points and contacts, incisal free spaces as well as the color of the teeth should be taken into account in order to achieve maximum aesthetic effects.
Quality of life as a central goal of economic development: Exploring the concept and review of Serbia
Authors: Đorić Žarko
Published: January 2022

Within the concept of quality of life, people's satisfaction with their own lives and their happiness are studied, as well as the influence of the environment on them. However, while the original research concerned the possibility of achieving individual goals and choosing an ideal lifestyle, in recent research this approach has been supplemented by available financial and material resources and living environment. Having in mind the above, the paper analyzes the quality of life in the Republic of Serbia in comparison with the countries of the European Union. The information base of the survey is based on the latest published Eurostat data. The aim of this paper is to identify key problems and make recommendations for improving the quality of life in the Republic of Serbia in the coming period. Research findings show that Serbia, despite high rates of economic growth, lags significantly behind in terms of quality of life compared to EU countries, especially in the segment of material living standards and overall life satisfaction. As scientific methods, a descriptive method was used to describe the problems, data and characteristics of the observed phenomena and processes, as well as a generalization method for making general conclusions.
Predictors of physical activity in early adolescence: The contribution of physical fitness and physical self-concept
Authors: Radisavljević-Janić Snežana , Lazarević Ljiljana , Lazarević Dušanka , Milanović Ivana
Published: January 2022

Vast empirical evidence suggests a high significance of physical activity (PA) for health and well-being. Still, researches show a decline of PA in youth worldwide. Early adolescence is a particularly sensitive period because then children adopt healthy habits and build a positive attitude towards PA. Examining the significance and contribution of potential factors to overall PA in early adolescence is of theoretical and practical relevance. Thus, this study aimed to explore the validity of physical fitness and physical self-concept in the prediction of overall PA in early adolescence, taking into account gender and Body Mass Index (BMI). The sample consisted of 417 primary school students (54.9% boys), the average age 13.6 years (SD=0.73) who participate in regular physical education classes three times per week, each class 45 minutes. Physical self-concept was measured using the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ). To assess everyday physical activity, we used the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Anthropometric measurements included the body height and bodyweight of the respondents. Physical fitness, i.e., flexibility, muscular strength (abdominal endurance strength and lower-limb explosive strength), and cardiorespiratory endurance were measured using the EUROFIT test battery. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that physical self-concept predicts 35% of the variance of PA over and above gender and dimensions of physical fitness. Significant predictors of physical activity were dimensions of physical self-concept: Physical Activity, Sports Competence, and Endurance. The interaction of Gender and Self Esteem contributed significantly indicating that higher Self Esteem had a significant role in the level of PA only in male adolescents. The main finding is that physical self-concept plays a crucial role in the prediction of the level of overall PA in which early adolescents will be engaged. The results support findings showing that intervention programs aimed to improve PA should encourage positive physical self-concept of adolescents with appropriate content and procedures.
Effects of physical activities on obesity in the elderly: Systematic review survey
Authors: Đorđević Dušan , Stanković Mima , Čaprić Ilma , Paunović Miloš
Published: January 2022

The aim of this systematic review was to determine, based on the summary of relevant literature, whether physical activity affects the obesity of the elderly. The sample of respondents were males and females, a total of 1110, older than 65 years. The criteria for the analysis of the papers were as follows: the papers included from 2005 to 2020, that the study was of a longitudinal character and that the respondents were older than 65 years. Based on the set criteria, 20 studies were included in the final analysis, which were analyzed and presented. The analysis of the obtained results can conclude that physical activities have positive effects on obesity in the elderly, but the scope and intensity of the experimental program should be taken into account, while the results of this research can be used by future research to find adequate literature to determine the effects of physical activity on obesity a person.
A comparative analysis of state anxiety and coping in sprint and middle-and long-distance runners
Authors: Vesković Ana , Čolić Marija , Janković Nenad , Regodić Marija
Published: January 2022

Competitive anxiety and coping with competitive stress determine successful athletic performance in important ways. The first goal of this study was to investigate the intensity and potential differences in state anxiety (somatic and cognitive) and self-confidence between sprinters and middleand long-distance runners, as well as to compare their use of coping strategies and/ or coping dimensions. The second goal was to define which coping strategies runners use most frequently in general. The third aim was to examine if there is a relationship between competitive anxiety and coping dimensions in runners. A sample of 52 runners, 44.2% sprinters and 55.8% long-distance runners, (Mage = 24.25; Msp.exp .= 9.78) completed the SCAI-2 and CICS. Compared to middleand long-distance runners, sprinters scored higher on somatic and cognitive anxiety and lower on self-confidence. In total, runners most frequently use task-oriented coping strategies. There are no differences between sprinters and middleand long-distance runners in coping dimensions and strategies except in mental distraction, which is more frequently used by middleand long-distance runners. Task-oriented coping was positively related to self-confidence and negatively to cognitive anxiety. Disengagement-oriented coping is positively related to both somatic and cognitive anxiety and negatively to self-confidence. The study results highlight the possible directions for further research and provide a basis for several practical recommendations.
Physical activity during holidays as a factor in reducing feelings of psychophysical fatigue among managers
Authors: Vođević Vladan , Nešić Milan
Published: January 2022

The inevitable companion to managerial work is intense psychophysical stress. Its sources are located in the entire living and working environment of a person, as managerial work requires inevitable and constant interaction with the internal and external environment. In addition to factors related to the characteristics of the workplace, the source of psychophysical fatigue among managers is considered to be the current lifestyle. One of the reference areas that can be used to raise awareness of the benefits of regular physical activity among managers, and to influence the beginning of its regular application, is the concept of active rest. The empirical research, which was conducted on a sample of 50 managers from several Belgrade business organizations, aimed to identify certain aspects of physical activity during summer vacation, which may be factors in reducing feelings of psychophysical fatigue. The results showed that managers of both male and female genders, although they do not have regular physical exercise as their life habits, show some interest in additional usage of some sports and recreational facilities during holidays, which resulted in a significant reduction of psychophysical fatigue symptoms.
New approaches in investment risk management in public sector in the post-crisis period: A case study of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Cvetkov Milan
Published: January 2022

The subject of the research in this paper is giving an overview, description and analysis of the new approach in risk management of public sector investment, with a special focus on the Republic of Serbia as a domestic economy. The crisis of 2008 resulted, among other things, in an overall abandonment of neoliberal approach to market, and a complete redefining of market relationships, place and role and significance of particular participants in market. These new market circumstances have in particular affected the market position of public sector along with its market performance. Therefore, the main goal of this research in this paper is getting new knowledge, which can be validated in practice, about new approaches to management of public sector investment risks in post-crisis period, with a special focus on the Republic of Serbia and its public sector. The results of the research should provide new knowledge on modalities and effects of new approaches in management of public sector investment risks in the post-crisis period, thus enabling an effective and efficient repositioning of the place, role and significance of the public sector on the market of the Republic of Serbia. In this way they will be useful to the academic community in broadening the scientific data base in this area of interest, as well as policymakers in the process of defining and implementing of public sector policies.
The effect of blindfolding and swaddling on the stress response to handling in domestic rabbits
Authors: McIndoe KS , Saunders R , Blackwell EJ , Rooney NJ
Published: January 2022

Stress during handling can negatively impact the welfare of an animal. Gradual habituation or systematic desensitisation can reduce this but is not always possible. Blindfolding has been shown to decrease stress indicators, including heart rate and struggling in cattle (Bos taurus), but has not been studied in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We surveyed 49 wildlife rescues, rehabilitators and veterinarians, and found that blindfolding and swaddling are widely used and believed to reduce stress and struggling in rabbits. However, these methods may simply preclude escape and result in sensitisation over repeated exposure. We next conducted a controlled trial investigating the effects of blindfolding and swaddling repeatedly over five days on behavioural and physiological indicators of stress in 40 domestic rabbits. Neither blindfolding nor swaddling had significant impacts on heart or respiratory rate, compared to a partial hood control treatment, which involved similar levels of manipulation, but without visual or movement restriction. Behavioural responses showed variable trends, eg rabbits were more likely to approach food after handling with swaddling. Baseline levels varied significantly between individuals, suggesting previous experience to be an important determinant. Heart rates were universally high, showing that individuals in this study were stressed by handling to such an extent, that overall, effects of both blindfolding and swaddling on physiological indicators of stress were minimal. We suggest that blindfolding and swaddling may be useful as means of limiting the procedure duration and risk of injury by reducing struggling, but this study provides no evidence that welfare is otherwise improved.
A new approach to horse welfare based on systems thinking
Authors: Luke KL , Rawluk A , McAdie T
Published: January 2022

Globally, calls for change in the horse industry to prioritise the health and well-being of domestic horses (Equus caballus) are reaching a critical threshold. Horse behaviour deemed undesirable or inconvenient by owners (henceforth referred to as undesirable behaviour) is reported across all aspects of a horse's life and may indicate a welfare issue. This study proposes a reconceptualisation of undesirable horse behaviour as a complex challenge based on systems thinking. Emerging from the natural sciences, systems thinking is an interdisciplinary approach to complex challenges (such as undesirable behaviour) as dynamic, highly interconnected networks of components and feedback relationships. This critical literature review examined the undesirable behaviours studied, the disciplines conducting research and their underpinning assumptions to identify opportunities for approaching research differently. Four themes emerged from the literature: undesirable behaviour is typically studied with unarticulated assumptions and in individual disciplines; behaviours are typically studied in isolation with the complexity of horse-human interactions generally not considered; management of behaviour typically has an anthropocentric linear ‘cause and effect’ focus; and solutions to undesirable behaviour are often short-term ‘fixes’ resulting in poor horse outcomes. From these, we outline the opportunities that each provide the next generation of horse research in terms of interdisciplinarity, systems thinking and management Undesirable horse behaviour in a horse-human system is conceptually mapped in terms of factors associated with the behaviour (eg housing, stress, diet), and the relationships between them. Systems thinking offers a way to integrate multiple disciplines and identify and navigate new solutions to promote horse welfare.
An analysis of the approaches taken around the world to whale euthanasia
Authors: Stringfellow H , Butterworth A , Simmonds MP
Published: January 2022

The stranding of cetaceans raises significant welfare and associated logistical issues. A survey of opinions on euthanasia methods based on the recommendations of an International Whaling Commission (IWC) workshop was conducted. Descriptive statistics showed that the workshop recommendations were generally supported and understood, and these included the use of specific euthanasia techniques, but important barriers to adherence were identified, including lack of governmental support, lack of resources, and lack of experienced or trained personnel. Conjoint analysis of factors identified that ‘time to death’ was considered the most important determinant of welfare outcome. In view of the findings of this study, it is recommended that the IWC should consider creating a training programme for responders (both veterinary and non-veterinary) to ensure that trained personnel are available who can implement timely and tailored euthanasia techniques, if required, when strandings occur. Further research on this topic is also advocated to ensure a better understanding of what is being applied in different nations.
The owner-bird relationship: Relevance for pet bird welfare
Authors: Burmeister A-K , Drasch K , Rinder M , Prechsl S , Peschel A , Korbel R , Saam NJ
Published: January 2022

Empathy and anthropomorphism, well-established components of the human-pet relationship, are considered to be especially related to pet animal welfare. We have developed a systematic and standardised approach to explore the effect of the human-pet relationship on animal welfare, focusing on pet birds. Based on a data set measuring the owner-bird relationship as well as bird welfare, cluster analysis and multivariate regressions were used to identify empirical types of bird owners and analyse their effect on bird welfare. Five empirical types of bird owners were identified based on the multi-dimensional relationship between owner and bird which consisted of: (i) the closeness-appreciating anthropomorphising owner; (ii) the closeness-appreciating socially supported owner; (iii) the anthropomorphising socially supported owner; (iv) the inattentive owner; and (v) the distance-appreciating owner. These differed in terms of the owner's tendency to anthropomorphism, the social support the bird provides to the owner, the empathy, attentiveness and respect of the owner towards the bird, and the bird's relationship with the owner. In particular, the inattentive type, but also both anthropomorphising types, raised serious questions as to the well-being of the pet bird. We found significant correlations to bird behaviour, such as imprinting aspects, aggressiveness towards humans, conspecifics and other pet animals, as well as behavioural disorders, such as locomotor stereotypies, courtship behaviour towards humans and feather-plucking.
Dare to Think Past the Anthropocene
Authors: Ross Daniel
Published: January 2022

To refer education to the dates 2030 and 2050, as the UN has done via its “Education for Sustainable Development” and “Futures of Education” initiatives, is to place it in the context of the IPCC’s two key deadlines for the reduction of carbon emissions. Yet this immediately leads to a paradox: how can we even begin to conceive or imagine education after 2050 without first recognizing that the current dismal failure to approach these targets stems in no small part from an inability to foster the collective knowledge and will required to take care of this biospheric emergency – and that remedying this inability absolutely depends on a transformation of the conditions of intergenerational transmission and a critique of contemporary education? Rather than being paralysed by this paradox, we must inhabit it as the vector of a new dynamism directed towards the transformation of the way education is conceived and undertaken in the nihilistic depths of the Anthropocene. This will require a renewed understanding of the meaning of both sustainability and diversity, the relationship these bear to reason and technics, and the way this ultimately yet unavoidably calls for a new economic model.
Digital Me Ontology and Ethics
Authors: Kocarev Ljupco , Koteska Jasna
Published: January 2022

This paper addresses ontology and ethics of an AI agent called digital me. We define digital me as an autonomous, decision-making, and learning agent, representing an individual and having practically immortal life. It is assumed that digital me is equipped with the big-five personality model, ensuring that it provides a model of some aspects of a strong AI: consciousness, free will, and intentionality. As computer-based personality judgments are more accurate than those made by humans, digital me can judge the personality of the individual represented by the digital me, other individuals’ personalities, and other digital me-s. We describe seven ontological qualities of digital me: a) double-layer status of Digital Being versus digital me, b) digital me versus real me, c) mind-digital me and body-digital me, d) digital me versus doppelganger (shadow digital me), e) non-human time concept, f) social quality, g) practical immortality. We argue that with the advancement of AI’s sciences and technologies, there exist two digital me thresholds. The first threshold defines digital me having some (rudimentary) form of consciousness, free will, and intentionality. The second threshold assumes that digital me is equipped with moral learning capabilities, implying that, in principle, digital me-s could develop their own ethics which significantly differs from human’s understanding of ethics. Finally, we discuss the implications of digital me metaethics, normative and applied ethics, the implementation of the Golden Rule in digital me-s, and we suggest two sets of normative principles for digital me: consequentialist and duty based digital me principles.
Education for Sustainability
Authors: McCaw Caroline
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes an approach to teaching and learning that reflects the idea that to undergo systemic change we need to learn from and with living systems. I reflect on two projects that illustrate small steps towards this emergent practice and draw upon theories that may help to frame this ecological approach. Drawing these frameworks and design education projects together helps to understand education for sustainability as embedded in productive learning relationships, involving thinking reflectively on our messages and actions. According to the UNESCO Policy Brief (2018) Education is a crucial element of a sustainable development agenda and needs to be holistic and transformational. These practices of taking education outside of the classroom are illustrated through examples of project-based learning in a Communication Design degree at Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin New Zealand in partnership with local environmental groups, and aim to be both holistic and potentially transformative. Examining the projects in this way helps to see the requirement for empathy including and beyond human-centred design, an understanding of the systems in which the student projects sit, and acknowledging te Ao Māori, an indigenous worldview unique to New Zealand.
It Takes a Village
Authors: Brasell-Jones Megan , McCaw Caroline
Published: January 2022

Our relationship with waste has been tumultuous and at times dysfunctional, but it has come a long way. This paper outlines a project involving staff and students at Otago Polytechnic (in Dunedin, New Zealand) and traces the development of communication design systems and strategies aimed at on-campus behaviour change. Targeting the campus community, these communication strategies imply that people take personal responsibility for personal waste. The project was an opportunity for students to align their practices with the UN Sustainable Development Goals #12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and #15 (Life on Land). This paper considers how a project that engages these goals, can also contribute to SDG #4 (Quality Education). In the New Zealand context, this paper also outlines a consideration of bicultural thinking to inform outcomes.
Project Based Learning in Communication Design
Authors: Narciso Sara Denise
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a developing framework aimed to further enhance the delivery of Project Based Learning (PBL) in Communication Design at the School of Design, Otago Polytechnic. Our programme employs PBL methodologies extensively in the second half of the degree. We find that this is a great way to engage learners with live projects, improving both their design skills and techniques and their social skills. The benefits to community groups are wide-ranging, and they come to better understand their own needs, as well as how to work with a designer. This highlights the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals 4 (SDGs 4) of an exclusive and equitable quality education for our students that targets sustainable development through global citizenship. However, there is a lack of coherent resources and consistency of delivery in these courses. An explorative study was conducted, including a literature review and a range of stakeholders’ interviews investigating needs and opportunities of the PBL model. An observation and analysis of existing models and practices were conducted that led to a proposed systematization of best practices in delivering PBL in the classroom. The paper also outlines the various improvements and recommendations that will provide a sustainable, ethical and high value chain that will benefit the communities and stakeholders. These findings were analyzed and informed the proposed initial framework that will be piloted in course teaching for 2021.