bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of pluripotency pathways regulates stem cell maintenance in the
Arabidopsis
shoot meristem
Authors: Su Ying Hua , Zhou Chao , Li Ying Ju , Yu Yang , Tang Li Ping , Zhang Wen Jie , Yao Wang Jinsong , Huang Rongfeng , Laux Thomas , Zhang Xian Sheng
Published: August 2020

Significance

Pluripotent stem cells are critical in both animal and plant development. Unlike higher animals, plants have unique postembryonic development, which continuously produce organs depending on shoot and root meristems. In the shoot meristem, division of the stem cells in the outermost layers provides the cells for all shoot structures. How those meristem cells are tightly controlled attracted intense studies. Genetic and molecular analyses in
Arabidopsis
have identified the key transcription factors WUSCHEL (WUS) and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) as the major regulators of pluripotency in the shoot meristem. Here, the results provide solid evidence showing how those two pluripotency factors WUS and STM coordinate to control shoot meristem cells strictly in plants.
How can we improve the codes of ethics for translators?
Authors: Lee Hyang , Yun Seong Woo
Published: August 2020

As early as 1963, the FIT adopted the Translator’s Charter during the Congress at Dubrovnik, stipulating the rights,
obligations, and social responsibilities of translators. The document inspired many professional translator associations to draft their own
codes. These codes share a common goal: to inform the ethical decision-making of translators. However, some practitioners as well as
scholars have questioned their value, pointing to the inconsistencies within or between codes and the difficulty of applying them to
real-life situations. They view the codes as declarative documents that lay down the most basic ethical principles. Why does this gap exist
between codes and practice? What should be addressed first to answer this question? We believe that these codes tend to overlook a
fundamental aspect of translation. Their focus is on the relationship between translators and clients. In other words, gaining the
confidence and meeting the expectations of clients are often treated as the most important elements of a code. However, the act of
translation, like any human act, is a social one that impacts the community the translator belongs to. Therefore, a translator is a social
agent who supports the ethical goal of living better together in a community. How can these codes be improved? To explore this question, we
review the discussions of authors who have emphasized the social role of translators and interpreters, including Chesterman, Baker, and
Inghilleri. We finally suggest community-related ethical principles and virtues for translator codes of ethics.
Linguistic Change and the Future of Metrical Persian Poetry
Authors: Mazdeh Mohsen Mahdavi
Published: August 2020

The metrical requirements of Persian poetry are highly restrictive. Traditionally, the rigidity of the metrical system was compensated for by a high degree of flexibility in the poetic language in terms of lexicon, phonology, and morpho-syntax. Using statistical data from different periods of Persian poetry, this paper argues that the degree of flexibility of the language used in metrical Persian poetry has been in constant decrease, moving towards what may potentially be a language crisis for metrical Persian poetry. This study traces the linguistic and meta-linguistic origins of the initial flexibility of the poetic language and its subsequent change, suggesting that some of the recent trends in Persian poetry may be viewed in part as reactions to this potential crisis.
Curcumin induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells by 14-3-3 protein-mediated activation of Bad
Authors: Endo Hiroshi , Inoue Izumi , Masunaka Kimiko , Tanaka Masaya , Yano Mihiro
Published: August 2020

The anticancer effects of curcumin are based on the induction of apoptosis, but the specific mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of curcumin on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway using mitochondria from A549 cells. Curcumin decreased the levels of 14-3-3 proteins, key molecules that inhibit the activation of proapoptotic factors known as BH3-only proteins (e.g. Bad). Curcumin-induced suppression of 14-3-3 protein levels was associated with reduced cytosolic Bad and elevation of mitochondrial Bad, leading to a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential. 14-3-3 proteins generally interact with Bad phosphorylated by AKT, thus preventing its translocation to the mitochondria where it can promote cell death. Curcumin not only decreased the expression of 14-3-3 proteins but also promoted Bad dephosphorylation in an AKT-dependent fashion. Our results provide novel evidence for the induction of apoptosis by curcumin at multiple stages of the mitochondrial cascade.
Chemical-free transfer of patterned reduced graphene oxide thin films for large area flexible electronics and nanoelectromechanical systems
Authors: Patil Nikhil , Gupta Aparna , Jaiswal Manu , Dutta Soumya
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a wet-dry hybrid technique to transfer patterned reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film to arbitrary substrates at predetermined locations without using any chemicals is reported. The transfer process involves water-assisted delamination of rGO, followed by dry transfer to an acceptor substrate using viscoelastic stamp. Patterned reduced graphene oxide films are transferred to silicon dioxide (SiO2/Si) substrate to begin with. Subsequently, the method is deployed to transfer rGO to different polymer substrates such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and crosslinked poly(4-vinylphenol) (c-PVP), which are commonly used as gate dielectric in flexible electronic applications. The credibility of the transfer process with precise spatial positioning on the target substrate leads to fabrication of freely suspended reduced graphene oxide membrane towards nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) based devices such as nanomechanical drum resonators.
Rolling spool—the question
Authors: Featonby David
Published: August 2020

When you pull and unwind a toilet roll, it rolls away from you, whatever angle the force is applied. But what happens when you pull on a spool with a smaller internal diameter than the outside?
Numerical investigation of optimal divertor gas baffle closure on TCV
Authors: Galassi D , Reimerdes H , Theiler C , Wensing M , Bufferand H , Ciraolo G , Innocente P , Marandet Y , Tamain P , EUROfusion MST1 Team the , TCV Team the
Published: August 2020

A first set of divertor gas baffles has recently been installed in the TCV tokamak. In order to explore the physics determining the benefits and limitations of divertor baffling and to guide the design of a possible second generation of baffles, the effect of baffle closure is investigated using the 2D transport code SolEdge2D-EIRENE with realistic wall geometries. The baffle extension is scanned, first imposing the same upstream conditions as in previous SOLPS-ITER studies, then extending the parameter space to access detached plasma conditions. In attached plasma cases, divertor neutral compression is maximised by a Low-Field Side baffle length with an opening between the separatrix and the baffle tip of approximately 5 λ

q
, resulting in an increase in neutral compression by a factor 4 with respect to the unbaffled case. In detached cases this ratio can be improved by up to a factor 25 using higher baffle closures. This difference in behaviour between attached and detached conditions is explained by a model based on the ionisation mean free path of neutral particles recycled from the target. In some conditions, the optimal baffle extension in terms of neutral compression is found to be subject to high levels of intercepted upstream heat flux, which results in a peak heat flux on the baffles comparable to the one impinging on the outer target. The individual roles of the High-Field Side and Low-Field Side baffles are disentangled by means of dedicated simulations, which show a lower global impact of the inner baffle. This study suggests that an outer baffle with a gap of approximately 3 λ

q
, slightly more closed than the one presently installed, could further enhance the neutral compression ratio in cases where the ionisation front is detached. The biggest unknown in these simulations is related to far SOL particle transport, which could result in higher levels of baffle recycling and thus limit baffle performance.
Nonparaxial propagation of radially polarized chirped Airy beams in uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis*
Authors: Chen Yaohui , Wu Lixun , Mo Zhixiong , Wu Lican , Deng Dongmei
Published: August 2020

The nonparaxial propagation of radially polarized chirped Airy beams (RPCAiBs) in uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis is analytically studied. The effects of the first and the second order chirp factors, and the ratio of the extraordinary refractive index to the ordinary refractive index on the nonparaxial evolution of RPCAiBs in different observation planes are investigated in detail. The results show that when one parameter changes, different components behave differently, and even the same component has various behavior in different directions. The initial slope of RPCAiBs in the x-direction varies more with the first order chirp factor than that in the y-direction. Meanwhile, with the second order chirp factor becoming larger, the depth of the focus of the y-component in the x-direction decreases while that in the y-direction has no difference. In addition, the different ratios of the extraordinary refractive index to the ordinary refractive index change the difference of the depth of the focus between the x- and the y-components.
Broadband and efficient second harmonic generation in LiNbO3-LiTaO3 composite ridge waveguides at telecom-band
Authors: Zhang Xin-Tong
Published: August 2020

Broadband nonlinear frequency conversions of optical waves are widely employed in multiple areas of optics and photonics. However, the broadening of conversion bandwidth is often at a cost of reduction in efficiency, which may induce a limitation on practical applications. Here we theoretically propose a novel design of LiNbO3 ridge waveguides on LiTaO3 substrates which can be used for efficient and broadband second harmonic generation. Through group velocity engineering of the ridge waveguides, acceptance bandwidth over 20 nm with a high conversion efficiency of > 25 %W−1 ⋅ cm−2 is achieved at telecom-band.
Effects of Exogenous Melatonin and ABA on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Naturally Aging Kiwi Seedlings
Authors: Hu Rongping , Fan Zhonghan , Chen Qinghua , Xu Xiaoyan , Chen Song , Chen Qingdong , Yang Dongsheng
Published: August 2020

In this study, the annual yellow kiwi seedlings which were treated with 200μmol/L melatonin (MT), 15μmmol/L abscisic acid (ABA) and 5mmol/L sodium tungstate solution (STD) were used as experimental materials to study the changes in physiological indicators of kiwi fruit under natural aging. After comprehensive analysis, we can speculate that MT may affect the photosynthetic characteristics of aging kiwi by affecting ABA production and keeping its content at a moderate level. The experiment results provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for delaying the production and application of kiwi seedlings.
Research on Characteristics of Coastal Wind Power under Typhoon Environment in Fujian Province
Authors: Chen Weidong , Fang Rishen , Li Dengxuan , Cheng Xu , Huang Ting
Published: August 2020

The typhoons that landed or affected Fujian province from 2016 to 2018 are statistically analyzed. The results show that in recent four years, there are two typhoons affecting Fujian province every year on average, and seven typhoons landed and five are super typhoon. Typhoon landing in Taiwan island has a great impact on the coastal wind speed of Fujian province. The wind speed firstly increased and then decreased after entering the Taiwan Strait, and increased again before landing in Fujian province. When the typhoon directly landed, the wind speed continued to increase before landing and decreased after landing. The wind farm responded to the possible impact of the typhoon during the high wind speed, and selectively shut down. When the wind speed exceeded the rated wind speed, the wind turbine automatically cut out. When the wind turbine was not shut down or cut out, the consistency between wind power output and wind speed was relatively high. Before the typhoon landed, the output gradually increased to full power, with the intensity of the typhoon weakening, the output of wind power decreased.
Experimental Determination and Modeling of Drying Process of Woody Biomass
Authors: He Xiao , Wang Lianjun
Published: August 2020

Birch is a kind of readily available woody biomass resource, which can be used to crush and manufacture fuel particles and animal bedding. One of the important aspects during the production system is the drying of biomass prior to storage or processing. Moisture migration in wood is a particularly important factor in determining the drying process. The objectives of this study are to investigate the drying characteristics of Birch and develop a model to simulate moisture diffusion in Birch during the drying process. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment chamber. Different temperatures and relative humidity were set to simulate the different drying conditions. The mechanism of moisture movement in Birch samples during the drying process was represented by a diffusion model according to Fick’s second law. A computer program in Matlab software was developed to simulate the infinite element model. Moisture diffusivity of Birch was determined by minimising the sum of squares of the residuals between experimental results and numerically predicted data. Results showed that the moisture diffusion coefficients of Birch ranged from 1.2×10−7m2/hr to 9.6×10−7m2/hr with temperature varying from 20°C to 60°C. And the trend of diffusion coefficient versus temperature was in accordance with the Arrhenius equation.
Waste reduction by implementation of CNC machining center and Lean Manufacturing
Authors: Gherghea I C , Negrau D C , Bungau C , Faur M
Published: August 2020

In the context of increasing competitiveness, the companies from manufacturing industry are constrained to provide quality products at a lower price and a shorter delivery time. This brings new challenges during the manufacturing process. One of the main challenges is to reduce or eliminate waste during the production stage. The actual paper presents methods and solutions through which the waste from the manufacturing process is identified and eliminated. As a consequence, increased productive efficiency and higher profit have been gained. The objective of this study is to implement Lean manufacturing tools, in order to improve the production process carried out within a manufacturing company, with a small manufacturing batch. Based on real data from the manufacturing process, the current value stream mapping (VSM) was built, identifying both operational and non-operational times. After waste identification, an optimal solution was chosen for the manufactured parts required by the customer. Implementing the best solution resulted in a productive efficiency increase by 90.93%, which significantly reduces the manufacturing time.
Investigation of NOx emissions for mitigating public health risk with Mercedes E Coupe
Authors: Băldean D L , Andrei L , Borzan A I
Published: August 2020

Investigation of NOx emissions is a worldwide concern in order to mitigate or to reduce the health risks that the pollutant poses for the public. It is known that the NOx are a combination of highly reactive odourless gases containing nitrogen and oxygen in different proportions. The main objective of the present paper is to show the applied investigation and its following results regarding NOx values and trendlines for the warm-up phase of a Mercedes E 350 CDI Cabrio-Coupe A/C/W207. The secondary objective of the investigation consists in dividing and comparing the results obtained before and after the threshold limit of 40˚C in coolant temperature. The warm-up sequence is not the highest temperature stress regarding pollution and NOx formation. It is although very important due to at least two reasons. In the first place, many of the usual road traffic trips are not exceeding the warm-up duration, meaning that the travel is below 40 minutes long. Secondly, the operation below 60˚C is the most stressful both physically and chemically for the engine (its systems) and the environment being defined by high wear and pollution levels. Temperature is a key factor.
Investigation of Failures and Vulnerabilities in Road Traffic Air Quality Management System during 2020 Pandemics
Authors: Bec P , Frunză M , Băldean D L
Published: August 2020

Air deterioration and high toxicity affects life quality and longevity. Most important is pollution and toxicity impact upon health and disease management. Air born sicknesses and health problems are a permanent challenge for air dependent life-forms. Lately have been recorded manifestations and a complex phenomenology of air partially transferred pathogenic agents. The air quality is subject to investigation in order to provide a better management of the pollution control system. Pollution is a major contributor to air quality deterioration and to health problem multiplication. Present day pandemic is thought to be partially transmitted through air and by direct contact. Low air quality may be a serious contributing factor to sickness promotion. Air pollution due to road traffic and livestock is one such factor. The main objective of the paper is to investigate some important failures and vulnerabilities recorded in the road traffic air quality monitoring system during 2020 pandemics in our country and in Cluj. Thus, the evolution of chemical composition has been put under the spot of scientific investigation. Failures and weak points have been acknowledged and considered for improvement. At least twelve significant system failures and multiple vulnerabilities have been recorded due to sensor faults and unit malfunction. Social lockdown reduced all pollutants, but some units failed to indicate it properly.
Prediction of material removal rate in turning using Response Surface Method
Authors: Stănășel I , Blaga F S , Buidoș T , Corb F
Published: August 2020

Obtaining quality products at low costs is the main objective of any company. As a result, the efficiency of the production processes is sought by identifying a favorable combination of all the factors that influence the respective process. With regard to metal cutting, the Material Removal Rate (MRR) is an important factor affecting machining time.The paper makes a study to highlight the influence of cutting parameters on material removal rate using Response Surface Method (RSM). Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), you may identify the significant factors of the process and determine a second-order regression model that takes into account both main effects but also and the interactions between factors. It also presents the possibility of optimization of cutting parameters for streamlining the turning process.
Cam – clamping device with variable eccentricity
Authors: Tocuţ P D , Stănăşel I , Feric C
Published: August 2020

Productivity and quality growth, all together with cost reductions, are the main objectives of modern manufacturing companies. Fixture devices shall facilitate that the workpiece can be changed fast, to have simple construction, to be cheap and affordable, and they have minimal positioning and installation errors. Clamping forces are applied to the workpiece with the help of fixture devices, after being correctly oriented by the application of adjusting forces. In the stage of design, many parameters are taken into account, like strokes and forces necessary, operation time, build simplicity, all which determines the cost of the device. In the field of device design, the main requirements are related to rapid fixing of the workpiece, fixing of more workpieces simultaneously and reducing the effort of labour for the operators. In this paper is presented the research and construction of a circular cam with variable eccentricity used in one this kind of fixture devices.
Dynamics of a 6R industrial robot
Authors: Ratiu M , Rus A , Balas M L
Published: August 2020

In the context in which, the dynamic behavior and performance of industrial robots are very important for their general performance, we present, in this article, a short dynamic analysis of an industrial robot. First, on the base of a short review of some papers on this topic, a general presentation of some main concepts regarding the dynamics of the industrial robots, and of the actual importance of the virtual prototyping in studying the dynamic behavior and performance of such complex mechanical systems are highlighted. How the modern virtual prototyping tools allow better, more rapid, and less costly dynamic designing of the complex mechanical systems, comparing to the traditional designing and prototyping, and ADAMS MBS of MSC software enables the evaluation of the dynamic behavior of the virtual prototype of a robot during its designing stage, by starting from the kinematic model previously developed, we conducted in this research the process of dynamic modeling and simulation of a 6R articulated robot developed in ADAMS and a short dynamical analysis of it.
Clutch model and controller development in MATLAB Simulink
Authors: Moldovanu D , Csato A
Published: August 2020

With rapid developing of automated gearboxes used in conventional, hybrid and also plug-in hybrid vehicles, clutches are inevitably controlled by transmission control unit. The effectiveness of the clutch control is based on how smoothly are engaged and disengaged in different situations like drive away from standstill, changing gears at high torque demand or changing between different modes in hybrid vehicles. In this paper a clutch model is developed in MATLAB Simulink environment taking in account physical properties of the clutch. For establishing a controller that is robust enough to take in consideration clutch wearing and is smooth enough for ride comfort, multiple control strategies are implemented. Finally the control strategies are compared in different situations.
Modeling with hierarchical colored Petri nets. Case study
Authors: Blaga F S , Pop A , Vesselenyi T , Hule V , Indre C I
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of research on the use of hierarchical models with colored Petri nets in the evaluation of automated systems for the preparation and analysis of metallographic specimens. Modeling with hierarchical colored Petri nets was used to evaluate the performance of a preparation and analysis robotic system for metallographic samples. The automated system is composed of three subsystems: the subsystem for the preparation of metallographic samples, the subsystem for the attack with reagent of metallographic samples, the subsystem for the analysis of metallographic samples. Two models were made: a model with colored Petri nets with simple colors and a model with timed colored Petri nets with complex colors. Each model was developed on two hierarchical levels. Level 1 contains the model of the entire flexible system for the preparation and analysis of metallographic samples. Level 2 consists of three sub-models: the sub-model of the system for the preparation of metallographic samples, the sub-model of the system for the reagent attack of metallographic samples, the sub-model of the system for the analysis of metallographic samples. Models with timed colored Petri nets allow the evaluation of system performance in terms of the number of samples analyzed in a time interval. The performance of the modeled system was evaluated by simulation, considering a time interval of eight hours.
Research on the behaviour of a LiFePo4 pouch cell under mechanical stress
Authors: Szabo I , Kocsis L , Mariasiu F
Published: August 2020

In this article, research has been done regarding the behaviour of the pouch cell under the action of mechanical abuse, in order to improve pouch battery cells design. Four types of indentations were performed on pouch cell respectively, three-point bending, lateral bending, indentation with hemispherical head and pinch indentation. Contemporary electric vehicles are a solution in terms of environmental pollution, that is why the large vehicle manufacturers also have different models of electric vehicles. Also, a major problem for electric vehicles customers is the autonomy of a vehicle. That forces major electric vehicle manufacturers to invest in in-depth research into storing electricity in energy cells. Li-ion cells seem to be a viable solution at present, and that is why the paper presented a pouch-type cell subjected to specific mechanical stresses. Also, the internal short circuit can be observed in all four tests performed, and its effects are destructive in the case of lithium-ion pouch cells.
The influence of ethanol and biodiesel blends on diesel engine performance and emissions
Authors: Benea B C
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the variation of energy parameters and pollutant emissions of the diesel engine for different types of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The biofuels added in fossil fuels influence the mentioned characteristics. Ethanol is a renewable fuel, which is obtained from plant biomass, sugar and starch. The tests were performed on a 4-cylinder engine, water cooled with pure diesel (D), 10% ethanol (D90E10), 10% ethanol 10% biodiesel (D80B10E10), and 15% ethanol 10% biodiesel (D75B10E15). The comparative results of the engine operation with these fuels for the evaluation of performance and pollutant emissions were presented. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) decreased moderately for fuel blends compared to pure diesel. A slight increase in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions was observed with fuel blends due to low combustion temperature inside the engine cylinder. It can be concluded that the engine power has a small variation compared to diesel operation, and the pollutant emissions are lower when the engine runs on fuel mixtures.
Validation of an algorithm for predicting the remaining useful life, for a model with linear degradation
Authors: Grebenişan G , Salem N , Bogdan S , Negrău D C
Published: August 2020

This paper aimed to validate a working tool, component of the Predictive Maintenance Toolbox ™, produced by Matlab (MathWorks), in the case of a procedure for monitoring the operation of mechanical systems, in order to diagnose a failure of the process and to estimate the remaining useful life (RUL). This toolbox provides toolsets, materialized in function files, for labeling data, designing condition indicators, and estimating a parameter named the remaining useful life of a machine. You can analyze and label machine data imported from local files, cloud storage, and distributed file systems. The algorithm suggested by Matlab (software owned by MathWorks) was used in detail to process part of the data set provided freely by NASA through The Prognostics Data Repository, The Prognostics Center of Excellence (PCoE) at Ames Research Center. Of the 4 data sets, only one was used for this paper. Each data set is composed of 3 working files, in text format, for training, test and algorithm validation, and solution statement, respectively. The results obtained confirm the validity of the computer-assisted training system, diagnostics, prognosis, and validation tools, on a statistical basis, in the case of consistent databases.
A brief overview of Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Negrau D C , Grebenișan G , Gherghea C
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a brief overview is presented, resulting from a recent literature review of some representative books or papers regarding various research on additive manufacturing. Some basic terms are presented, in the context of founding the existence of several terminologies for some specific expressions of this subject, as well as different definitions for them materials used at that process, areas of using, problems appeared during process of manufacturing, heat treatments used, advantages and disadvantages. This research is carried out to identify a solution for controlling the parameters during the additive processing (AM) process, parameters with which to improve the quality of the parts obtained by AM
Theoretical and experimental research on the use of the blinking reflex for command and control of human body movement
Authors: Drăgusin D , Baritz M
Published: August 2020

The blink reflex is a behavioural motor response that is normally found in the process of seeing at newborns and human adults. As with the corneal reflex, the supraorbital branch electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes a facial nerve bilateral response, namely eyes blinking. Therefore, this sensitive process can also be a neurological control element for performing movements, related to the natural blinking process amplitude, speed and frequency. In the first part of the paper, a series of blinking process physiological aspects are analyzed, in order to identify the movements command and control components. In the second part of the paper, it is analyzed the devices constructive variants for evaluating the blinking process and the connecting possibility with separate sensory elements that can collect information from the visual system neuro-motor level. In the third part of the paper, there are mentioned some aspects related to the experimental installation design and the command and control mode for setting in motion a system using the coordinated ocular and neurosensory blinking mechanism. The final part presents the conclusions of this approach to the development of a system with the use of oculomotor and neurosensory stimuli.
Material handling based on object recognition with the help of FANUC delta-parallel industrial robot
Authors: Korsoveczki Gy , Husi G
Published: August 2020

The task was made that recognizes objects with the help of delta-parallel constructed pick & place FANUC robot, that can be found at the Mechatronics Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Debrecen. The detection of the different objects was realised by a SONY XC-56 typed industrial monochromatic camera and using the own image processing software component of the robot. To accomplish the material handling a linear drive, an electropneumatic gripper and the digital output system of the robot were used. During the project, the implementation of a material handling operation was the aim that is based on the machine vision of the robot. As a result, the robot used its vision and object recognizing ability based on iRVision environment, completed object recognition and material handling procedure with the help of a linear drive controlled by robot program code.
Researches regarding the inner turning of the Polytetrafluoroethylene at small and medium feeds
Authors: Pascu I , Popescu I , Didu A
Published: August 2020

Experiments were made of the inner cylindrical turning of the Teflon with small and medium feeds, collecting the resulting chips. The shapes and dimensions of these chips are analyzed, explaining their correlation with the advance and with the deformation of the chips sections. The shapes of the chips resulting from considerations of the cutting process of this material are explained. From the analysis of the shapes of the chips, conclusions can be drawn regarding the deformation of the part material in the cutting area, meaning an appreciation of the machinability of the material. The quality of the chip surface indicates the marks left on the chip by the fine chip elements, some of them sticking to the resulting chip. The visualization of the aspect of the machined surface on the piece shows the lack of deposits on the edge, with small exceptions, the uniformity of the channels generated by the tip of the turning tool on the workpiece. All these considerations, as well as the final table regarding the deformation of the chip during processing, show how the Teflon behaves when turning inside with small feeds.
3D Modelling and FEM Analysis on Die Clash Mint Error
Authors: Gavrila C C , Lates M T
Published: August 2020

During the last century, a large number of modern coins which wearing different error types were minted and released. In literature, there are known various error types, each is provided by some causes, as the coin metal, the coin dimension and also the manufacturing step where it could appear. The die clash error appears when the striking tools – the obverse and reverse negative dies - heat each other without the coin blank inside them. The paper presents the influence of some initial condition on the amplitude of this error, as the die size, the model flat field size or the model shape. In the first part of the paper, some introductive aspects of the die clash error are presented with some particular examples. Then, the obverse and reverse die 3D model is presented, followed by the finite element analysis, which is realized and achieved for considered initial conditions. In the final paper part, the analysis results and conclusions are presented.
A modular approach to the kinematics of the vehicle axle suspension linkages
Authors: Alexandru C
Published: August 2020

The work deals with a modular approach on the kinematics of the suspension linkages used for the rear axle of motor vehicles. The multi-body systems theory/method was used to formulate the motion equations for the kinematic analysis, by individually considering the basic binary connections (which are defined by considering the types geometric constraints between the guiding arms/links and the adjacent bodies - car body and axle, respectively) that constitutes the suspension mechanism. Subsequently, by combining these binary connections in various combinations, the kinematic analysis of any type of axle suspension linkage (at least those commonly used) can be easily performed.
Studies related the measurement errors determination in case of inclined surfaces measurement on Coordinate Measurement Machines
Authors: Serban P E , Peti F
Published: August 2020

Coordinate measurement machines (CMM) are an important part of production process technology that help and give a fast response in complex measurement situations. Although the technologies advance in high speed, old coordinate measurement machines are capable to give accurate results. The present paper will give an alternative to use this type of machines, machines that are operated manual or with rudimental software that are not upgraded with actual technologies. In order to be possible to measure an inclined surface with a coordinate measurement machine we need to consider that the contact approach between the coordinate measurement machine tool and the measured part must respect some elementary steps: the movement of the coordinate measurement machine probe must be on same direction as the surface vector that we want to measure, the contact force must be the same as the force used for calibration of the probe. All this are very difficult to be respected with a manual or oldcoordinate measurement machine. During measurement with machines that doesn’t allow probe angle control an error can appear for surfaces that are positioned at an angle to the reference surface. This article presents one way to can eliminate measurement errors on Coordinate measurementmachines for inclined surfaces.
Custom vacuum load-lock for the sputtering vacuum chamber, loading/unloading and locking automatisation mechanisms
Authors: Țarcá D.I. , Costea T. , Moga I.
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the continuity of my work presented in previous articles regarding my activity as a PhD student at the University of Oradea, Doctoral School of Industrial Engineering. After installing, cleaning, vacuum testing and developing an experimental system for vacuum measurement, we decided that the next best step would be to develop the system with a load-lock further, as the time required for experiments would drastically improve and the need for refurbishing the old positioning mechanism would be eliminated. The paper describes the steps taken, starting with CAD representing the sputtering vacuum chamber for the manufacturer to start their production process, and finalising with automating the whole start/stop and reload sequence for the load-lock with an experimental setup made from readily available equipment in our laboratory, as the initial sequences were manually only and the risk of misusing for non-trained personnel would be high.
Quick response manufacturing as a promising alternative manufacturing paradigm
Authors: Gromova E A
Published: August 2020

The fourth industrial revolution initiates a change in the strategic guidelines of industrial enterprises. The rapid trend towards a wide variety of finished products with a short development and production time has led to a number of problems for enterprises with inventory, overhead and efficiency. The imperative of implementing lean production is becoming irrelevant due to new challenges in the external environment and is giving way to more competitive paradigms. Now the modern production concept should be focused not only on the cost and quality of goods, but also on the speed of response and flexibility. Quick response manufacturing (QRM) is one of them, which is a corporate strategy to reduce time of execution of the order at the industrial enterprise. And it is an extremely new and unfamiliar management paradigm in Russia. The purpose of this study is to analyze quick response manufacturing and to relate it to the current state of the Russian industrial development. Theoretical and practical aspects of this concept are given. The examples of the quick response manufacturing implementation in the Russian industrial sector are presented. Summarizing, QRM is offered as a promising manufacturing paradigm for Russian industry.
Designing and validating the questionnaire used to measure the attitude of students towards e-Learning
Authors: Zlatkovic D , Ilic M , Denic N , Jovkovic S
Published: August 2020

Over the past two decades, numerous studies have been conducted to analyze the achievements of e-Learning; among other things, user’s of information and communication technology (ICT) skills, Internet access and attitude of students towards e-Learning. The majority of studies examine the attitude by establishing the purpose and frequency of computer use, while some measure students’ attitudes using a questionnaire without determining the measuring properties of the questionnaire. For this reason, the goal of this paper is to create a questionnaire used to measure the attitudes of students towards e-Learning and to determine its psychometric properties.
The influence of innovation onto the logistics process of goods transport by air
Authors: Milošević N , Mišić M , Denić N
Published: August 2020

The logistics of air transport assumes the usage of the airplane and airport warehouse capacities to transport goods from one point to another. Within this paper the process of goods manipulation is explained by using air transport and innovations introduced by various companies have been presented. The modern transport market faces the companies with numerous challenges which these companies wish to address in an adequate manner. By innovating, the companies express their constant tendency to increase the competitive advantage by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their business processes. The number of innovations is multiple and they exist in every area of air transport. The innovations mostly appear based on the company initiative, but can also be generated by state entities, as well as national and international institutions and associations.
Investigating the effect of orientation, infill density with Triple raster pattern on the tensile properties for 3D Printed samples
Authors: Kannan Sridharan , Vezhavendhan R , Kishore Shirish , Kanumuru Kamal Varma
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this study is to characterize the effect of infill percentage, printing orientation and raster angle on ABS samples prepared with 3D printing technology. In this research, samples used were fabricated with two different infill percentages (50% & 75%), 6 different raster patterns and three different orientations. The influence of these parameters on tensile properties were studied with the help of 3D printed samples as per ASTM standard D638 Type IV. From the experimental analysis it was found that the tensile properties were highly anisotropic. Stress strain graphs are plotted for all the samples and the variation of strength with respect to the three parameters are analysed. It was observed that Infill density is directly proportional to mechanical properties. Flat and vertical orientation have better strength and stiffness in comparison with vertical build. The experimental results proved that flat oriented samples exhibited variable strength for changes in raster orientation, other samples have shown minimal changes only.
Monitor unit calculation in electron therapy using Monte Carlo Simulation: a GUI for the phase-space field trimming
Authors: Sivayogan Thuvatahan , Chow James C L
Published: August 2020

Purpose: We developed a graphical user interface (GUI) for electron phase-space field trimming using Monte Carlo simulations. This GUI can be used for monitor unit (MU) calculation in electron therapy. Methods: The GUI and electron field trimming algorithm were developed using MATLAB and C code. Phase-space files for the electron fields were generated using the EGSnrc code based on a Varian 21EX Linac with variables of applicator size, field size and energy. Verification of the alogrithm was carried out by comparing the relative output factor, which was used for MU calculation, predicted by Monte Carlo simulations and from actual measurements. Results: Our electron field trimming algorithm was found to be about five times faster than the original Monte Carlo simulation. Clinically, the GUI performed best when using voxel size ≥ 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 cm3, and field size larger than 2 cm in radius based on an acceptable deviation of 2%. Conclusion: A GUI for generating irregular field for MU calculation using Monte Carlo simulations was created as a user-friendly tool in electron therapy.
Heat wave effects on the behavior and life-history traits of sedentary antlions
Authors: Miler Krzysztof , Stec Daniel , Czarnoleski Marcin
Published: August 2020

Research on the behavioral responses of animals to extreme weather events, such as heat wave, is lacking even though their frequency and intensity in nature are increasing. Here, we investigated the behavioral response to a simulated heat wave in two species of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). These insects spend the majority of their lives as larvae and live in sandy areas suitable for a trap-building hunting strategy. We used larvae of Myrmeleon bore and Euroleon nostras, which are characterized by different microhabitat preferences—sunlit in the case of M. bore and shaded in the case of E. nostras. Larvae were exposed to fluctuating temperatures (40 °C for 10 h daily and 25 °C for the remaining time) or a constant temperature (25 °C) for an entire week. We found increased mortality of larvae under heat. We detected a reduction in the hunting activity of larvae under heat, which corresponded to changes in the body mass of individuals. Furthermore, we found long-term consequences of the simulated heat wave, as it prolonged the time larvae needed to molt. These effects were pronounced in the case of E. nostras but did not occur or were less pronounced in the case of M. bore, suggesting that microhabitat-specific selective pressures dictate how well antlions handle heat waves. We, thus, present results demonstrating the connection between behavior and the subsequent changes to fitness-relevant traits in the context of a simulated heat wave. These results illustrate how even closely related species may react differently to the same event.
OGRE: Overlap Graph-based metagenomic Read clustEring
Authors: Balvert Marleen , Luo Xiao , Hauptfeld Ernestina , Schönhuth Alexander , Dutilh Bas E
Published: August 2020

Motivation

The microbes that live in an environment can be identified from the combined genomic material, also referred to as the metagenome. Sequencing a metagenome can result in large volumes of sequencing reads. A promising approach to reduce the size of metagenomic datasets is by clustering reads into groups based on their overlaps. Clustering reads are valuable to facilitate downstream analyses, including computationally intensive strain-aware assembly. As current read clustering approaches cannot handle the large datasets arising from high-throughput metagenome sequencing, a novel read clustering approach is needed. In this article, we propose OGRE, an Overlap Graph-based Read clustEring procedure for high-throughput sequencing data, with a focus on shotgun metagenomes.

Results

We show that for small datasets OGRE outperforms other read binners in terms of the number of species included in a cluster, also referred to as cluster purity, and the fraction of all reads that is placed in one of the clusters. Furthermore, OGRE is able to process metagenomic datasets that are too large for other read binners into clusters with high cluster purity.

Conclusion

OGRE is the only method that can successfully cluster reads in species-specific clusters for large metagenomic datasets without running into computation time- or memory issues.

Availabilityand implementation

Code is made available on Github (https://github.com/Marleen1/OGRE).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neuronal megalin mediates synaptic plasticity—a novel mechanism underlying intellectual disabilities in megalin gene pathologies
Authors: Gomes João R , Lobo Andrea , Nogueira Renata , Terceiro Ana F , Costelha Susete , Lopes Igor M , Magalhães Ana , Summavielle Teresa , Saraiva Maria J
Published: August 2020

Donnai-Barrow syndrome, a genetic disorder associated to LRP2 (low-density lipoprotein receptor 2/megalin) mutations, is characterized by unexplained neurological symptoms and intellectual deficits. Megalin is a multifunctional endocytic clearance cell-surface receptor, mostly described in epithelial cells. This receptor is also expressed in the CNS, mainly in neurons, being involved in neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective mechanisms. Yet, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of megalin in the CNS are poorly understood. Using transthyretin knockout mice, a megalin ligand, we found that transthyretin positively regulates neuronal megalin levels in different CNS areas, particularly in the hippocampus. Transthyretin is even able to rescue megalin downregulation in transthyretin knockout hippocampal neuronal cultures, in a positive feedback mechanism via megalin. Importantly, transthyretin activates a regulated intracellular proteolysis mechanism of neuronal megalin, producing an intracellular domain, which is translocated to the nucleus, unveiling megalin C-terminal as a potential transcription factor, able to regulate gene expression. We unveil that neuronal megalin reduction affects physiological neuronal activity, leading to decreased neurite number, length and branching, and increasing neuronal susceptibility to a toxic insult. Finally, we unravel a new unexpected role of megalin in synaptic plasticity, by promoting the formation and maturation of dendritic spines, and contributing for the establishment of active synapses, both in in vitro and in vivo hippocampal neurons. Moreover, these structural and synaptic roles of megalin impact on learning and memory mechanisms, since megalin heterozygous mice show hippocampal-related memory and learning deficits in several behaviour tests. Altogether, we unveil a complete novel role of megalin in the physiological neuronal activity, mainly in synaptic plasticity with impact in learning and memory. Importantly, we contribute to disclose the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive and intellectual disabilities related to megalin gene pathologies.