bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Bilas Lambung NACL 0,9% Terhadap Status Hemodinamik Pada Pasien Stres Ulcer Dengan Post Craniotomy Atas Indikasi Cidera Kepala Berat Di Ruang Intensif Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
Authors: Putri Astrini Rachma , Adriani Rita Benya
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Gastric Lavage, Ulcer Stress, Hemodynamic Status. Severe injury on head with post-craniotomy in the intensive room needs tight supervisory related to the pressure of intracranial in which can produce risk of physiological stress, i.e. acute gastrointestinal bleeding (ulcer stress) which can disturb the hemodynamic status (MAP, artery). One of therapies which can be applied is gastric lavage. This pupose to know the effect of gastric lavage of NaCl 0.9% to the status of hemodynamic to the patient of ulcer stress with post-craniotomy by the indication of severe injury on head in the intensive room of Dr. Moewardi Hospital in 2015. This research is experimental research by cross sectional design for 30 patients with ulcer stress of post-craniotomy by the indication of severe injury on head and treated with gastric lavage of NaCl 0.9% in the ICU and HCU of Dr. Moewardi Hospital during March-April 2015. The statistical analysis applied is Paired Sample T-Test. According to statistical test, the result of t MAP 4,033 with the value of p 0,000 and the artery result of 4,359 with the value of p 0,000, in which t table is 2.045 and the criteria of p < 0.05. Thus, the value of th MAP > tt, th artery > tt, and the result of MAP p 0,000 (<0.05) and artery p 0,000. There is a meaningful influence to the hemodynamic status in the ulcer stress patient with with post-craniotomy by the indication of severe injury on head who is treated with gastric lavage of NaCl 0.9%.
Pengaruh Terapi Musik Tradisional Terhadap Tingkat Depresi Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Hemodialisa Di Ruang Hemodialisa Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen
Authors: Astuti Lina Puji
Published: January 2020

Backgound. Largely, patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis are depressed. One therapy to reduce the rate of depression is music therapy, music therapy can respond the body into relaxation and calm that can reduce levels of depression. The aim of this study is (1) Determine the level of depression in patients with chronic renal failure (2) Determine the effect of music therapy on the level of depression in patients with chronic renal failure. The research methods. This research used a pre-post test design with a one-group pre-post test data analysis used by the Wilcoxon test. Researches. There was a significant effect of music therapy on decreased levels of depression in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital, Sragen. This is evidenced by the Wilcoxon test which was obtained p = 0.000. Because the value of p <0.05, so that there is the effect of music therapy on depression levels. Conclusion. There was a significant effect of music therapy on decreased levels of depression in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Hospital, Sragen
Analisis Hasil Belajar Efektif Dari Penerapan Smart Learning
Authors: Rafi Hidayat
Published: January 2020

A smart city is an urban place where information technology and digital communication are used to increase knowledge and utilize technology, intellectual resources and real to improve the quality of life. One of the main areas of smart cities is intelligent learning and education, which is a new concept of technology-enhanced learning. Measuring the effectiveness of smart education depends on measuring the desired learning outcomes. This paper suggests the main key features that must be considered when developing learning analysis tools to measure and assess each subject's learning outcomes. And it shows the relationship between an intelligent learning environment, learning outcomes and learning analysis.
PERBANDINGAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PT LIPPO CIKARANG, Tbk DAN PT BUKIT DARMO PROPERTY, Tbk DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPRINGATE
Authors: Marpaung Pita Merlin , Susanti Elly , Nainggolan Christine Dewi , Silaen Musa Fernando
Published: January 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan financial distress pada PT Lippo Cikarang, Tbk dan PT Bukit Darmo Property, Tbk dengan menggunakan metode Springate. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PT Lippo Cikarang, Tbk diindikasikan perusahaan tidak bangkrut (sehat) sedangkan PT Bukit Darmo Property, Tbk diindikasikan perusahaan sedang menghadapi ancaman kebangkrutan dan faktor modal kerja bersih yang bernilai negatif disebabkan oleh penurunan persediaan dan penjualan yang bersumber dari penjualan tanah industri, tanah komersial, rumah toko dan adanya peningkatan beban pokok penjualan disebabkan oleh perubahan variasi produk menyebabkan perbedaan financial distress perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan sebaiknya PT Lippo Cikarang, Tbk dan PT Bukit Darmo Property, Tbk meningkatkan pengelolaan aset untuk meningkatkan penjualan atau pendapatan dan meningkatkan laba yang merupakan indikator dalam mencari nilai Springate.Kata kunci: Financal Distress, Metode Springate
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN LEVERAGE SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PT UNILEVER, Tbk YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Styawan Jody , Siregar Robert Tua , Sherly Sherly , Butarbutar Novitar
Published: January 2020

Adapun rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh likuiditas terhadap leverage dan pengaruh leverage terhadap nilai perusahaan pada PT Unilever, Tbk yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kepustakaan. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari idx.co.id. Kemudian teknik analisa data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis dari regresi linier sederhana (1) yaitu = 4,736 – 3,796Xartinya likuiditas berpengaruh negatif terhadap leverage. Sedangkan hasil regresi linear sederhana (2) yaitu artinya leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Hubungan korelasi (1) adalah sangat kuat yaitu r = 0,917 sedangkan koefisien determinasi (1) dapat dijelaskan baik buruknya likuiditas 84,0%, dan sisanya 16,0% dijelaskan oleh faktor lainnya yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Hubungan korelasi (2) adalah kuat yaitu r = 0,769 sedangkan  koefisien determinasi (2) dapat dijelaskan baik buruknya leverage 59,1% dan sisanya 40,9% dijelaskan oleh faktor lainnya yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.  Dari hasil pengolahan dan perhitungan data sekunder, penulis mendapatkan kesimpulan bahwalikuiditas pada PT Unilever, Tbk berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap leverage sedangkan leverage pada PT Unilever, Tbk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
PENGARUH HARGA DAN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN PADA UD SENTRAL JAYA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Simamora Solavide , Silalahi Marto , Nainggolan Nana Triapnita , Candra Vivi
Published: January 2020

Mekanisme penetapan harga merupakan salah satu hal yang krusial bagi perusahaan untuk tetap menjaga keinginan konsumen untuk membeli. Peran harga tentunya perlu didukung aspek lain seperti customer relationship marketing sebagai upaya perusahaan dalam mendorong serta mempengaruhi konsumen untuk tetap berada pada jalur konsumen perusahaan. Kecenderungan konsumen untuk lebih selektif mengakibatkan perusahaan berusaha untuk meningkatkan peran hubungan dengan konsumen serta lebih kompetitif dalam menawarkan harga. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1. Gambaran harga, customer relationship marketing dan keputusan pembelian pada UD Sentral Jaya Pematangsiantar. 2. Pengaruh harga dan customer relationship marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian pada UD Sentral Jaya Pematangsiantar baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Harga, customer relationship marketing dan keputusan pembelian sudah baik. 2. Terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara harga dan customer relationship marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian. 3. Terdapat hubungan yang sedang dan positif antara harga dan customer relationship marketing dengan keputusan pembelian. 4. Hipotesis H0 ditolak, artinya harga dan customer relationship marketing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada UD Sentral Jaya Pematangsiantar baik secara simultan maupun parsial.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL MELALUI KEGIATAN BERMAIN MENGGUNAKAN NYANYIAN
Authors: SETYANINGSIH DIANA
Published: January 2020

Abstrac : the aims of this reseacrh is to get information and data about the effort to increase children’s social skills in group B5 kindergarten through play activities with the song in TK YPPK Bintang Kecil, Abepura, Jayapura City 2014, with 18 children. Reseacrh Method used action research method. This method condused in two ciycles according to kemmis and Taggart model which consist of 4 stages (plan, action, observation and reflection). The process of data collection using the interview notes, field notes, instrument monitoring and documentation of action. Analysis of data using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Social skills children can be increased after the action through play activities using singing. It can be seen from the results of research that says that the average grade in the pre-action amounted to 49.30%. After the action in the first cycle increases the average grade was increased to 71.18% and the second cycle increased to 84.42%.
PENINGKATAN KECERDASAN VISUAL SPASIAL MELALUI BERMAIN MIND MAPPING
Authors: LATIEF FADHILAH
Published: January 2020

The objectives of this research is to improve the visual-spatial intelligence of children through playing mind mapping. This research was carried out in group Raudhatul Athfaal Mardhati, Makassar with 13 subject , on the month from April to May 2017. This research uses an action research design model of Kemmis and Mc Taggart, through two cycles consisting of seven meetings on the first cycle and six meetings on the second cycle which includes the stages of planning, action, observation and reflection. Data analysis using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data obtained by referring to the research instrument which refers to the visual-spatial intelligence. The results showed an increase in visual-spatial intelligence scores of children with the acquisition of visual-spatial intelligence classical pre-action reached 49.25%, the first cycle increased the score reached 75.15% and the second cycle was obtained which satisfy the classical score reached 88.28% so it can be concluded that the
IMPLEMENTASI KOMPETENSI GURU MENGELOLA KURIKULUM K13 DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DI SDN SE KECAMATAN TELAGA KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Sumar Warni T.
Published: January 2020

Implementasi Kompetensi Profesiuonal Guru Mengelola Kurikulum K13 dalam  pembelajaran tematik di Sekolah Dasar se Kecamatan Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo          Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran yang riil mengenai Implementasi Kompetensi Profesiuonal Guru Mengelola Kurikulum K13 dalam  pembelajaran tematik di Sekolah Dasar se Kecamatan Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo dengan mengkaji tiga indikator yakni: (1) kompetensi guru dalam merancang pembelajaran, (2) kompetensi guru dalam mengelolah pembelajaran dikelas, (3) kompetensi guru dalam melaksanakan evaluasi dan tindak lanjut

            Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 guru. Tehnik pengumpulan data yaitu angket, observasi dan dokumen. Data dalam penelitian dianalisis dengan rumus persentase (%)

Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa. Implementasi Kompetensi Profesiuonal Guru Mengelola Kurikulum K13 dalam  pembelajaran tematik di Sekolah Dasar se Kecamatan Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo Meliputi: (1) kompetensi guru dalam merancang pembelajaran berada dalam kategori tinggi . Namun perlu ditingkatkan lagi karena masih sebagaian guru dalam merancang pembelajaran tidak sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berlaku, (2) kompetensi guru dalam mengelolah pembelajaran dikelas dalam kategori tinggi. Namun perlu ditingkatkan lagi kearah yang lebih baik, sebab sesuai hasil olahan data masih sebagaian besar guru belum mampu mengelolah kelas dalam proses pembelajaran. (3) kompetensi guru dalam melaksanakan evaluasi dan tindaklanjut berada dalam kategori tinggi. Namun perlu ditingkatkan lagi, sebab masih sebagaian guru ditemukan belum dapat melaksanakan evaluasi untuk mengukur ketercapaianhasil belajar siswa serta belum mampu menindaklanjuti hasil capaian belajar siswa.

            Untuk itu disarankan(1). Untuk kepala Cabang Dinas Pendidikan Nasional yang berada di kecamatan porsigadan kabupaten bolaang mongondow selatan sebagai masukan tentang implementasi kurikulum K13 pada satuan pendidikan dasar untuk dapat melakukan berbagai strategi dalam upaya peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum K13 (2). Untuk pengawas dan kepala sekolah sebagai bahan masukan untuk dapat meningkatkan dan mengembangkan berbagai kegiatan dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum K13 (3). Untuk guru sebagai bahan masukan agar dapat mencari kiat-kiat yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum K13 sehingga dapat mengembangkan kreaktifitas dalam pembelajaran.
Optimal planned missing data design for linear latent growth curve models
Authors: Brandmaier Andreas M. , Ghisletta Paolo , Oertzen Timo von
Published: January 2020

Longitudinal data collection is a time-consuming and cost-intensive part of developmental research. Wu et al. (2016) discussed planned missing (PM) designs that are similar in efficiency to complete designs but require fewer observations per person. The authors reported optimal PM designs for linear latent growth curve models based on extensive Monte Carlo simulations. They called for further formal investigation of the question as to how much the proposed PM mechanisms influence study design efficiency to arrive at a better understanding of PM designs. Here, we propose an approximate solution to the design problem by comparing the asymptotic effective errors of PM designs. Effective error was previously used to find optimal longitudinal study designs for complete data designs; here, we extend the approach to planned missing designs. We show how effective error is a metric for comparing the efficiency of study designs with both planned and unplanned missing data, and how earlier simulation-based results for PM designs can be explained by an asymptotic solution. Our approach is computationally more efficient than Wu et al.’s approach and leads to a better understanding of how various design factors, such as the number of measurement occasions, their temporal arrangement, attrition rates, and PM design patterns interact and how they conjointly determine design efficiency. We provide R scripts to calculate effective errors in various scenarios of PM designs.
Xenon Isotopes Identify Large-scale Nucleosynthetic Heterogeneities across the Solar System
Authors: Avice G. , Moreira M. , Gilmour J. D.
Published: January 2020

Nucleosynthetic isotopic anomalies in meteorites and planetary objects contribute to our understanding of the formation of the solar system. Isotope systematics of chondrites demonstrate the existence of a physical separation between isotopic reservoirs in the solar system. The isotopic composition of atmospheric xenon (Xe) indicates that its progenitor, U-Xe, is depleted in 134Xe and 136Xe isotopes relative to solar or chondritic end-members. This deficit supports the view that nucleosynthetic heterogeneities persisted during the solar system formation. Measurements of xenon emitted from comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P) identified a similar, but more extreme, deficit of cometary gas in these isotopes relative to solar gas. Here we show that the data from 67P demonstrate that two distinct sources contributed xenon isotopes associated with the r-process to the solar system. The h-process contributed at least 29% (2σ) of solar system 136Xe. Mixtures of these r-process components and the s-process that match the heavy isotope signature of cometary Xe lead to depletions of the precursor of atmospheric Xe in p-only isotopes. Only the addition of pure p-process Xe to the isotopic mixture brings 124Xe/132Xe and 126Xe/132Xe ratios back to solar-like values. No pure p-process Xe has been detected in solar system material, and variation in p-process Xe isotopes is always correlated with variation in r-process Xe isotopes. In the solar system, p-process incorporation from the interstellar medium happened before incorporation of r-process nuclides or material in the outer edge of the solar system carries a different mixture of presolar sources as have been preserved in parent bodies.
Continuum Enhancements, Line Profiles, and Magnetic Field Evolution during Consecutive Flares
Authors: Zuccarello Francesca , Guglielmino Salvo L. , Capparelli Vincenzo , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Keys Peter H. , Criscuoli Serena , Falco Mariachiara , Murabito Mariarita
Published: January 2020

During solar flares, magnetic energy can be converted into electromagnetic radiation from radio waves to γ-rays. Enhancements in the continuum at visible wavelengths, as well as continuum enhancements in the FUV and NUV passbands, give rise to white-light flares. In addition, the strong energy release in these events can lead to the rearrangement of the magnetic field at the photospheric level, causing morphological changes in large and stable magnetic structures like sunspots. In this context, we describe observations acquired by satellite instruments (Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope) and ground-based telescopes (Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA)/Dunn Solar Telescope) during two consecutive C7.0 and X1.6 flares that occurred in active region NOAA 12205 on 2014 November 7. The flare was accompanied by an eruption. The results of the analysis show the presence of continuum enhancements during the evolution of the events, observed both in ROSA images and in IRIS spectra. In the latter, a prominent blueshifted component is observed at the onset of the eruption. We investigate the role played by the evolution of the δ sunspots of the active region in the flare triggering, and finally we discuss the changes in the penumbrae surrounding these sunspots as a further consequence of these flares.
Spectral Evolution of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources M82 X-1 and X-2
Authors: Brightman Murray , Walton Dominic J. , Xu Yanjun , Earnshaw Hannah P. , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , Barret Didier
Published: January 2020

M82 hosts two well-known ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). X-1, an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidate, and X-2, an ultraluminous X-ray pulsar. Here, we present a broadband X-ray spectral analysis of both sources based on 10 simultaneous observations made with Chandra and NuSTAR. Chandra provides the high spatial resolution to resolve the crowded field in the 0.5–8 keV band, and NuSTAR provides the sensitive hard X-ray spectral data, extending the bandpass of our study above 10 keV. These observations, taken in 2015–2016, cover a period of flaring from X-1, allowing us to study the spectral evolution of this source with luminosity. During four of these observations, X-2 was found to be at a low flux level, allowing an unambiguous view of the emission from X-1. We find that the broadband X-ray emission from X-1 is consistent with that seen in other ULXs observed in detail with NuSTAR, with a spectrum that includes a broadened disk-like component and a high-energy tail. We find that the luminosity of the disk scales with inner disk temperature as L ∝ T
−3/2, contrary to expectations of a standard accretion disk and previous results. These findings rule out a thermal state for sub-Eddington accretion, and therefore do not support M82 X-1 as an IMBH candidate. We also find evidence that the neutral column density of the material in the line of sight increases with

, perhaps due to an increased mass outflow with accretion rate. For X-2, we do not find any significant spectral evolution, but we find the spectral parameters of the phase-averaged broadband emission are consistent with the pulsed emission at the highest X-ray luminosities.
Evolution of the Deterministic Collapse Barrier of the Field Clusters as a Probe of Cosmology
Authors: Ryu Suho , Lee Jounghun
Published: January 2020

The collapse barrier, δ

c
, of the field clusters located in the low-density environment is deterministic rather than diffusive, unlike that of the wall counterparts located in the superclusters. Analyzing the data from the Mira-Titan simulations for 11 different cosmologies, including the standard ΛCDM cosmology at various redshifts, we investigate the evolution of the deterministic collapse barrier of the field clusters and explore its dependence on the background cosmology. Regardless of the background cosmology, the deterministic δ

c
exhibits a universal behavior of having a higher value than the Einstein–de Sitter spherical collapse barrier height of δ
sc = 1.686, at z = 0, but gradually converging down to δ
sc as the dominance of dark energy diminishes with the increment of z. A significant difference among different cosmologies, however, is found in its convergence rate, as well as in the critical redshift z

c
, at which δ

c
 = δ
sc. Showing that the convergence rate and critical redshifts can distinguish even between the degenerate cosmologies, which yield almost identical linear growth factor and cluster mass functions, we suggest that the evolution of the deterministic collapse barrier of the field clusters should be a powerful complementary probe of cosmology.
Comparison of Enamel Preparations - Bevel, Chamfer and Stair Step Chamfer on Fracture Resistance of Nano Filled Resin Composites Using Bulk Pack Technique - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bommanagoudar Jyothi , Chandrashekhar Shashidhar , Sharma Shilpa , Jain Hiten
Published: January 2020

AIM: To evaluate and compare the effect of enamel preparation designs bevel, chamfer and stair-step chamfer on the fracture resistance of nanocomposite.
METHODS: The sample group of this study consisted of 72 non-carious permanent maxillary central incisors. The sample is divided into four groups of 18 each. Group, I control Group II bevel preparation, Group III chamfer preparation, group IV stair step chamfer preparation. After the specific preparation, each tooth is filled with nanocomposite using bulk pack technique. The teeth were subjected to fracture resistance test under Universal testing machine and then were examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the type of bond failure. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Results of the One-Way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the mean peak failure load values of the four different groups. (P < 0.001) Tukeyâ€™s Post-Hoc comparison test revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean peak failure load values of the bevel and chamfer preparation. But there was no significant difference between chamfer and stair-step chamfer preparation designs.
CONCLUSION: Stair-step chamfer preparation demonstrated comparable values to Chamfer preparation but also involved the removal of less amount of tooth structure adjacent to the fractured edge and good esthetic technique.
Two new species of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Senecioneae, Compositae)
Authors: Calvo Joel , Funk Vicki A.
Published: January 2020

Two new species of Xenophyllum are described from the Andes, X. funkianumsp. nov. from Ecuador and X. lorochaquisp. nov. from northwestern Argentina. Both species are compared with the morphologically closest taxa and useful characters for their proper identification are provided. Detailed illustrations and distribution maps are also presented, as well as pictures of living plants when available.
Contracting under uncertainty: Groundwater in South India
Authors: Giné Xavier , Jacoby Hanan G.
Published: January 2020

To quantify contracting distortions in a real‐world market, we develop and structurally estimate a model of contracting under payoff uncertainty in the south Indian groundwater economy. Uncertainty arises from unpredictable fluctuations in groundwater supply during the agricultural dry season. Our model highlights the tradeoff between the ex post inefficiency of long‐term contracts and the ex ante inefficiency of spot contracts. We use unique data on both payoff uncertainty and relationship‐specific investment collected from a large sample of well‐owners in Andhra Pradesh to estimate the model's parameters. Our estimates imply that spot contracts entail a 3% efficiency loss due to hold‐up. Counterfactual simulations also reveal that the equilibrium contracting distortion reduces the overall gains from trade by about 4% and the seasonal income of the median borewell owner by 2%, with proportionally greater costs borne by smaller landowners.
Simple and honest confidence intervals in nonparametric regression
Authors: Armstrong Timothy B. , Kolesár Michal
Published: January 2020

We consider the problem of constructing honest confidence intervals (CIs) for a scalar parameter of interest, such as the regression discontinuity parameter, in nonparametric regression based on kernel or local polynomial estimators. To ensure that our CIs are honest, we use critical values that take into account the possible bias of the estimator upon which the CIs are based. We show that this approach leads to CIs that are more efficient than conventional CIs that achieve coverage by undersmoothing or subtracting an estimate of the bias. We give sharp efficiency bounds of using different kernels, and derive the optimal bandwidth for constructing honest CIs. We show that using the bandwidth that minimizes the maximum mean‐squared error results in CIs that are nearly efficient and that in this case, the critical value depends only on the rate of convergence. For the common case in which the rate of convergence is
n
−2/5, the appropriate critical value for 95% CIs is 2.18, rather than the usual 1.96 critical value. We illustrate our results in a Monte Carlo analysis and an empirical application.
A dynamic model of personality, schooling, and occupational choice
Authors: Todd Petra E. , Zhang Weilong
Published: January 2020

This paper develops a dynamic model of schooling and occupational choices that incorporates personality traits, as measured by the “big five” traits. The model is estimated using the HILDA dataset from Australia. Personality traits are found to play an important role in explaining education and occupation choices over the lifecycle. Results show that individuals with a comparative advantage in schooling and white‐collar work have, on average, higher cognitive skills and higher personality trait scores. Allowing personality traits to evolve with age and with schooling proves to be important to capturing the heterogeneity in how people respond to educational policies. The estimated model is used to evaluate two education policies: compulsory senior secondary school and a 50% college tuition subsidy. Both policies increase educational attainment and also affect personality traits.
Indirect inference with(out) constraints
Authors: Frazier David T. , Renault Eric
Published: January 2020

Indirect Inference (I‐I) estimation of structural parametersθrequires matching observed and simulated statistics, which are most often generated using an auxiliary model that depends on instrumental parametersβ. The estimators of the instrumental parameters will encapsulate the statistical information used for inference about the structural parameters. As such, artificially constraining these parameters may restrict the ability of the auxiliary model to accurately replicate features in the structural data, which may lead to a range of issues, such as a loss of identification. However, in certain situations the parametersβnaturally come with a set ofqrestrictions. Examples include settings whereβmust be estimated subject toqpossibly strict inequality constraintsg(β)>0, such as, when I‐I is based on GARCH auxiliary models. In these settings, we propose a novel I‐I approach that uses appropriately modified unconstrained auxiliary statistics, which are simple to compute and always exists. We state the relevant asymptotic theory for this I‐I approach without constraints and show that it can be reinterpreted as a standard implementation of I‐I through a properly modified binding function. Several examples that have featured in the literature illustrate our approach.
Defining Open-Ended Problem Solving Through Problem Typology Framework
Authors: Olewnik Andrew , Yerrick Randy , Simmons Amanda , Lee Yonghee , Stuhlmiller Brian
Published: January 2020

Problem solving is central to engineering education. Yet, there little agreement regarding what constitutes an exemplary design problem or case analysis problem for modeling undergraduate instruction after. There is even less agreement in engineering education literature regarding the best way to measure students ability or progress in learning to be better problem solvers in these discrete problem categories. We describe the development of a research method toward accessing how students think about design is described, what constitutes a measurable response, and how to compare through qualitative research methods pre and post student performance. The discussion draws from Jonassen’s (2000) framework for problem typology, as well as cognitive learning frameworks of design thinking, and metacognition as a theoretical basis that informs the problem formulation and planned approach for analysis.
Design of Smart Gamification In Village Tourism: An Indonesian Case Study
Authors: Bahtiar Arief Rais , Segara Alon Jala Tirta , Suyoto Suyoto
Published: January 2020

Community interest in tours is very high. The benefits of tourist destinations in Indonesia finally form three patterns, namely natural, cultural, and human-made. City and village tourism are very popular with the community because of the high interest of the community to capture the moments of Instagram able and viral tourism spots. One of them is village tourism. For people who are educated with life in the village, it is necessary to make it more interesting with gamification. In this stud, the aim was to change the pattern of visitors' activities, which initially only took pictures but were also invited to explore the village potential through a mobile application. Also, this study is used to improve and help preserve and introduce village tourism potential. Gamification can be an alternative to developing village tourism potential. A common occurrence in tourist villages is a lack of management innovation to add village tourism potential to visitors further. Village tourism potential that can be developed is mobile-based village education. This activity is an education that contains planting plants. The results of this application are of rice planting and fruit picking games. Each set consists of two levels. Level 1 contains educational games and level 2 games about team cohesiveness. Each game will offer a reward. The rewards that we design are based on prizes that are liked by elementary school students.
Motivating Female Students for Computer Science by Means of Robot Workshops
Authors: Keller Lisa , John Isabel
Published: January 2020

As women belong to a minority in computer science, this work aims to provide possible STEM education initiatives for middle to high school students. These initiatives are designed for institutions to contribute to increasing the proportion of women in computer science by using robots. Through applying these initiatives, institutions such as computer science faculties can help to reduce the gender imbalance, increase diversity and the amount of computer science specialists, who are requested immensely. Based on the results of conducted requirements elicitation a concept for programming an application with the NAO robot which trains vocabularies, as well as a concept with the Cozmo robot which piles up cubes, were developed. First tests were performed with female and male high school students. Either concept consists of an introduction of possible robotics application fields, a presentation explaining the Python program code of the concept as well as corresponding exercises with the robot and Python. Evaluation of the workshop concepts through questionnaires showed that both concepts have the potential to increase the proportion of women and to motivate female as well as male students for computer science. Moreover, recommendations for further robotics projects with respect to motivating young women for STEM can be made based on the insights of the requirements elicitation and the evaluation of the concepts. Nevertheless, further refinement and validation has to be undertaken. Long-term as well as short-term initiatives are feasible with the developed concepts. All participating schools showed high interest in both types of initiatives and further cooperation.
Relative Scapular-Muscle Ratios During Maximal Isokinetic Shoulder-Girdle Strength Performance in Elite Field Hockey Players
Authors: Vanderstukken Fran , Borms Dorien , Berckmans Kelly , Spanhove Valentien , Cools Ann M.
Published: January 2020

Context

The shoulder joint and girdle are highly loaded during field hockey play. To optimize performance and to better substantiate preventive programs, it is important to gain insight into shoulder-girdle muscle function and balance in this athlete population.

Objective

To evaluate relative scapular muscle-activity ratios through surface electromyography during maximal isokinetic strength testing in elite male field hockey players compared with nonathletes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Institutional laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-five elite field hockey players from the Belgian National Team and 25 age- and sex-matched nonathletes.

Intervention(s)

We measured bilateral activity in 4 scapular muscles (upper trapezius [UT], middle trapezius [MT], lower trapezius [LT], and serratus anterior [SA]) during an external-internal rotation and protraction-retraction isokinetic shoulder protocol.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Relative scapular muscle-activity ratios, or balance ratios, of the UT : MT, UT : LT, UT : SA, SA : MT, and SA : LT.

Results

We noted lower ratios bilaterally in the athlete group compared with the control group for the UT : MT, UT : LT, and SA : MT ratios during protraction, retraction, and external rotation, respectively, and unilaterally (dominant side only) for the UT : LT ratio during protraction. No consistent trend was present for established side differences in the studied balance ratios.

Conclusions

Compared with nonathletes, elite field hockey players had altered intramuscular (within the trapezius) and intermuscular (between the trapezius and SA) balance ratios during maximal shoulder-girdle contractions, with relatively more MT and LT activity. This may reflect a sport-specific adaptation to optimize coordinated activity of the scapulothoracic muscles, meeting the specific demands of field hockey movements and simultaneously better protecting the shoulder against injury. Our results can assist in optimizing high-performance training and in supporting injury-prevention programs, which are key to both successful and long-lasting athletic careers.
Sedimentary petrology of the upper Cree Member in the Cohasset A-52 well, Scotian Basin, offshore Nova Scotia
Authors: Pe-Piper G , Wallace K , Piper D J W
Published: January 2020

This report provides detailed petrological study of the upper Cree Member sandstone reservoirs in the Cohasset A-52 well of the Scotian Basin. Textures were studied from backscattered electron images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Minerals were
identified by their chemistry using energy dispersive spectroscopy by SEM and by electron microprobe. Reservoir sandstones comprise principally river-mouth turbidites and cross-bedded shore-face sandstones. K-feldspar is makes up >10% of the sandstone. The sandstones show the same
paragenetic sequence of diagenetic minerals as deeper in the stratigraphy, but compaction and pressure solution of quartz is less prominent. Late hot saline fluids precipitated sphalerite. Glaucony-glauconite and coated grains with berthierine, siderite and francolite are reworked from the common
transgressive units by erosion in flood-stage river channels and are deposited in river-mouth sandstones. Glauconite is most abundant in cross-bedded shoreface sandstones.
Ideal Uniform Polyhedra in and Covolumes of Higher Dimensional Modular Groups
Authors: Kellerhals Ruth
Published: January 2020

Higher dimensional analogues of the modular group $\mathit{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$ are closely related to hyperbolic reflection groups and Coxeter polyhedra with big symmetry groups. In this context, we develop a theory and dissection properties of ideal hyperbolic $k$-rectified regular polyhedra, which is of independent interest. As an application, we can identify the covolumes of the quaternionic modular groups with certain explicit rational multiples of the Riemann zeta value $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}(3)$.
Privacy-aware Decentralized and Scalable Access Control Management for IoT
Environment
Authors: Abrar O. Alkhamisi and Fathy Alboraei Abrar O. Alkhamisi and Fathy Alboraei
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in our daily activities
.Owing to the increased number of vulnerabilities on the IoT devices, security becomes critical in
the untrustworthy IoT environment. Access control is one of the top security concerns, however,
implementing the traditional access control mechanisms in the resource-constrained nature of the
IoT devices is a challenging task. With the emergence of blockchain technology, several recent
research works have focused on the adoption of blockchain in IoT to resolve the security
concerns. Despite, integrating the blockchain in the resource-constrained IoT context is difficult.
To overcome these obstacles, the proposed work presents a privacy-aware IoT security
architecture to ensure the access control based on Smart contract for resource-constrained and
distributed IoT devices. The design of the proposed architecture incorporates three main
components such as the contextual blockchain gateway, decentralized revocation manager, and
non-interactive zero-knowledge proof based validation. By modeling the contextual blockchain
gateway, the proposed architecture ensures the dynamic authentication and authorization based on
the contextual information and access policies. Instead of integrating the blockchain technology
into resource-constrained IoT devices, the smart contract-based distributed access control system
with the contextual blockchain gateway provides the scalable solution. With the association of
decentralized revocation manager in the smart contract, it prevents the resource access from the
unauthorized users by dynamically generating and updating the revoked user list of all the nodes
in the smart contract. Moreover, the proposed architecture employs the non-interactive zeroknowledge proof cryptographic protocol to ensure the transaction privacy within the smart
contract. Consequently, it maintains the trade-off between the transparency and privacy while
ensuring the security for the distributed IoT environment.
Security Testing Tool for NoSQL Systems
Authors: Muhammad A. Lawal and Mostaf A. Saleh Muhammad A. Lawal and Mostaf A. Saleh
Published: January 2020

NoSQL systems are becoming more popular due to their inherent advantages and
solutions it provides to the limits of a relational database. However, despite its benefits, it comes
with security challenges. In this paper, an input validation mechanism architecture is proposed for
Mongo DB to detect and prevent NoSQL injection attacks, the mechanism employs a
Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) approach to detect and prevent attacks on NoSQL
systems. Furthermore, a security comparison of some NoSQL systems is provided based on recent
literature. The security features compared are authentication, authorization, data encryption and
input validation. The proposed mechanism will improve the security of Mongo DB system
because invalid inputs requests will be detected and prevented from being processed.
تكلفة التمويل في البنوك التقليدية والبنوك الإسلامية: دراسة مقارنة
Authors: محمد بوجلال وشوقي بورقبة محمد بوجلال وشوقي بورقبة
Published: January 2020

تعتبر تكلفة التمويل أحد أهم المعايير التي تعتمد عليها وحدات العجز المالي في المفاضلة بين مصادر التمويل ومن بين البدائل المتاحة نجد بديلين رئيسيين يتمثلان في البنوك التقليدية والبنوك الإسلامية، وعلى هذا الأساس نسعى من خلال هذه الورقة إلى تحديد تكلفة التمويل المقدم من طرف البنوك التقليدية والبنوك الإسلامية مع إبراز المصدر الأقل تكلفة، مع وضع قواعد تساعد في تحديد تكلفة التمويل في المنهج الإسلامي.
أداء الصناديق الاستثمارية الإسلامية مقارنة بأداء الصناديق الاستثمارية التقليدية في المملكة العربية السعودية: دراسة عملية
Authors: هشام مرداد هشام مرداد
Published: January 2020

باستعمال عينة من الصناديق الإسلامية والتقليدية المدارة من قبل (HSBC)، رابع أكبر مدير صناديق استثمارية في المملكة العربية السعودية، في الفترة الواقعة بين كانون الأول 2003م وكانون الأول 2010م، قمنا بفحص خصائص العائد والمخاطرة لهذه الصناديق باستعمال عدد من مقاييس الأداء مثل نسبة شارب (Sharpe Ratio)، ومعامل ترينر (Treynor)، ومعامل جنسن (Jensen Alpha) بصيغها المختلفة. قمنا بتقسيم فترة الدراسة لأربع فترات تشمل: 1- كامل الفترة المدروسة 2- فترة الصعود 3- فترة الهبوط و4- فترة الأزمة المالية وذلك لتحليل ومقارنة أداء الصناديق المدروسة في كل منها. قمنا أيضا بدراسة توقيت السوق والقدرة الاختيارية لمدراء المحافظ في (HSBC). وجدنا أن الصناديق الإسلامية لا تجاري الصناديق التقليدية في الأداء عند أخذ كامل الفترة المدروسة بعين الاعتبار وكذلك عند التركيز على فترة الصعود. بالمقابل وجدنا أن الصناديق الإسلامية تتفوق في الأداء على نظيرتها التقليدية في فترات الهبوط وفي فترة الأزمة المالية. هذه النتائج بشكل عام تأتي مؤكدة لنتائج دراسات سابقة في هذا المجال. كما تظهر النتائج أن مدراء المحافظ الإسلامية في (HSBC) يملكون قدرة جيدة على توقيت السوق واختيار الأصول في فترات الهبوط بينما مدراء المحافظ التقليدية يملكون قدرة جيدة على توقيت السوق واختيار الأصول في فترات الصعود. أهم الدروس المستفادة من الدراسة العملية هذه أن الصناديق الإسلامية تقدم للمستثمرين تحوطاً جيداُ في فترات الركود الاقتصادي بسبب القواعد التي يفرضها الاستثمار الإسلامي على اختيار الأصول.
https://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/320/Researches/59363_29707.pdf
Authors: Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi
Published: January 2020

“Maqasid-e-Shariat” (Objectives of the Shariah) is the latest work by Prof. M.N.
Siddiqi, first published by the Islamic Research Academy, Islamabad, and
republished by the Markazi Maktabah-e-Islami, New Delhi. We have before us
the one published from New Delhi.
The subject of Objectives of Shariah has assumed utmost importance these
days in the wake of numerous new issues faced by the Ummah in recent years.
The Urdu language is spoken by a very large number of Muslim population and
scholars in the world. But writings on this topic are very few in this Islamically
rich language. Prof. Siddiqi seeks to fill this gap and wants to address those who
master only this language.
التمويل الإسلامي في بريطانيا: الفرص والتحديات
Authors: أحمد مهدي بلوافي أحمد مهدي بلوافي
Published: January 2020

يتناول هذا المقال فرص وتحديات التمويل الإسلامي في بريطانيا من خلال الوثائق الرسمية، والتقارير الصادرة عن مؤسسات استشارية متخصصة كمؤسسة لندن العالمية للخدمات المالية (IFSL)، والدراسات الأكاديمية التي اهتمت بهذا الموضوع. وقد حدد المقال أهم العوائق التي قد تعرقل نمو وتطور التمويل الإسلامي في هذا البلد، وتناول ما وصل إليه أمر تذليل تلك العراقيل من منجزات من قبل الجهات المعنية. ومن جهة أخرى، وقف المقال على عدد من الفرص التي قد تتيحها السوق البريطانية للتمويل الإسلامي. وخلص المقال بعد ذلك إلى عدد من النتائج التي يأمل أن تستفيد منها جهات مختلفة؛ كهيئات الإشراف المالي في بلاد أخرى، والمهتمون بصناعة التمويل الإسلامي، بالإضافة إلى الجهات الأكاديمية والبحثية التي يثري برامجها تقديم أمثلة تطبيقية على واقع التمويل الإسلامي في أماكن مختلفة.
تأثير البنوك الإسلامية المملوكة لأجانب والبنوك الإسلامية الفرعية على الفعالية وتغير الإنتاجية للبنوك الماليزية
Authors: بارياني عبدالمجيد ومحمد كبير حسن بارياني عبدالمجيد ومحمد كبير حسن
Published: January 2020

الورقة تبحث فعالية عيّنة من بنوك إسلامية وتقليدية في ماليزيا، للفترة من 2000 إلى 2008م بطريقة ستوكاستيكية رائدة، وتركز أساساً على تحديد تأثير البنوك الإسلامية المملوكة للأجانب والشركات التابعة لها على الأداء. نحن نمثل تأثير خصائص البنك مثل المصرفية الإسلامية والملكية الأجنبية، بعد الأخذ بعين الاعتبار الاختلاف بين البنوك الإسلامية كاملة النضوج وشبابيك المصرفية الإسلامية التي تعمل تحت البنوك التقليدية بالإضافة إلى البنوك الإسلامية التي تكون تابعةً لبنوك تقليدية. نحن كذلك نختبر تأثير الأزمات الاقتصادية، الملكية الحكومية والاندماج على فعالية البنك. على النقيض من البنوك التقليدية المحلية ذات شبابيك المصرفية الإسلامية، نتائجنا تبين أن البنوك الإسلامية كاملة النمو لديها متطلبات إدخال أعلى. بالإضافة، باستخدام مؤشر الإنتاجية مالمكويست معمم، نقسّم تغير الإنتاجية إلى فعالية، وتغير (تكنيكال) (technical) و(سكيل) (scale). على عكس البنوك الإسلامية الأجنبية كاملة النمو، البنوك التقليدية التي تملك بنوك إسلامية فرعية لديها فعالية أعلى نسبيًا. ولكن، كلا البنوك الإسلامية الأجنبية كاملة النمو والبنوك التقليدية التي تملك بنوك إسلامية فرعية تُظهران تغير إنتاجية سلبي، تُنسب إلى تأثيرات المعدل السلبي للتغير التقني والتغير الحجمي. برغم المرونة في العمليات، فرع البنك المحول حديثا قد يحتاج بعض الوقت لتطوير التقنية، بينما البنوك السلامية الأجنبية قد تحتاج لوقت أطول لتتغلب على عوائق الإخراج.
حكم تداول الأسهم المختلطة بالعنصر الربوي في ضوء القواعد الفقهية
Authors: علي أحمد الندوي علي أحمد الندوي
Published: January 2020

يستعرض هذا البحث المعنون بـ "حكم تداول الأسهم المختلطة بالعنصر الربوي"، قضية مهمة ترتبط بسوق الأسهم، فعلى الرغم من ظهور اتجاهين متباينين من المنع والجواز حول الموضوع المعروض، لا يزال البحث بحاجة إلى مزيد من التأمل والنظر، ففي هذا البحث إثارة الاستفتاء في هذا الصدد من جديد، بغية الوصول إلى موقف مناسب وسط يتأرجح بين الرأيين المشار إليهما، وقد خلص البحث إلى جواز تداول الأسهم المختلطة بضوابط وقيود ومعايير، مع التأكيد أن الأولى هو التنزه عن هذا التعامل المشوب بالعنصر الربوي بما أمكن
من الكساد الكبير إلى الأزمة المالية العالمية لعام 2008م التدفق المنتظم لتمويل الاستثمار
Authors: سيف الدين تاج الدين سيف الدين تاج الدين
Published: January 2020

الأزمة المالية المعاصرة 2008م ارجعت صدى العيوب الهيكلية التي تسببت في الكساد الكبير خلال الثلاثينيات من القرن الماضي. ورغم أن العوامل المحركة والاهتمامات التنظيمية كانت مختلفة نوعياً في كلا الأزمتين، لكن التشخيص من الوجهة الإسلامية واحد ويرتبط بمصدرين أساسيين: (1) طبيعة القوة الكامنة والمزعزعة للاستقرار في سعر الفائدة من خلال الفصل الصارم بين قراري الاستثمار والتمويل (2) تزايد اتسع الهوة بين أسواق رأس المال والقطاعات الإنتاجية بسبب حركة الهندسة المالية التي تتغذى بالمجازفات. المشكلة الأولى تثير نظرية الانفصال المعهودة في النظرية الاقتصادية السائدة كما تنسب لكل من فيشر وتوبين. أما المشكلة الثانية فلها تاريخها الراسخ في الأسواق الرأسمالية الحديثة حيث نتج عنها أخيراً تغير جذري في مفاهيم الاستثمار والتمويل والسيولة. فقد أثبتت بعض الدراسات الحديثة أن المشتقات في أسواق رأس المال أصبحت تمثل حوالي (80?) من مجمل السيولة العالمية، ما يعني أن الاقتصاد العالمي صار أشبه بكازينو كبير للقمار والقطاعات الإنتاجية فيه ليس لها دور أكبر من بائعي المكسرات والتسالي. تبدأ الورقة بخلفية موجزة للكساد الكبير مع تسليط الضوء على الأثر الهيكلي النافذ الذي أحدثه قانون جلاس/ستيجال 1933م من حيث تأثيره السالب على الوساطة المصرفية وتحفيز ظاهرة الغاء الوساطة في أسواق النقد ورأس المال. أما الأزمة المالية المعاصرة فقد مثلت الذروة لسلسلة الأحداث الكبرى بين الأزمتين وما اكتنفها من تحولات جذرية لمفهوم الربحية بعيدًا عن مفاهيم الانتاج التقليدية إلى مفاهيم المجازفات المرفوعة بالتمويل. وتخلص الورقة إلى أن التمويل المحرر من الفائدة الربوية يمكن أن يكون جزءًا من الحل– ليس فقط من خلال الدعوة إلى نظام اقتصادي مبني على حقوق الملكية وإنما كذلك من خلال الحد من ظاهرة الابتكارات المالية المحفزة للمجازفات المالية