bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Atrial Septal Aneurysm and Shunt Size With Stroke Recurrence and Benefit From Patent Foramen Ovale Closure
Authors: Mas Jean-Louis , Saver Jeffrey L. , Kasner Scott E. , Nelson Jason , Carroll John D. , Chatellier Gilles , Derumeaux Geneviève , Furlan Anthony J. , Herrmann Howard C. , Jüni Peter , Kim Jong S. , Koethe Benjamin , Lee Pil Hyung , Lefebvre Benedicte , Mattle Heinrich P. , Meier Bernhard , Reisman Mark , Smalling Richard W. , Sondergaard Lars , Song Jae-Kwan , Thaler David E. , Kent David M.
Published: October 2022

Importance

The Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)–Associated Stroke Causal Likelihood classification system combines information regarding noncardiac patient features (vascular risk factors, infarct topography) and PFO features (shunt size and presence of atrial septal aneurysm [ASA]) to classify patients into 3 validated categories of responsiveness to treatment with PFO closure. However, the distinctive associations of shunt size and ASA, alone and in combination, have not been completely delineated.

Objective

To evaluate the association of PFO closure with stroke recurrence according to shunt size and/or the presence of an ASA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Pooled individual patient data from 6 randomized clinical trials conducted from February 2000 to October 2017 that compared PFO closure with medical therapy. Patients in North America, Europe, Australia, Brazil, and South Korea with PFO-associated stroke were included. Analysis was completed in January 2022.

Exposures

Transcatheter PFO closure plus antithrombotic therapy vs antithrombotic therapy alone, stratified into 4 groups based on the combination of 2 features: small vs large PFO shunt size and the presence or absence of an ASA.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Recurrent ischemic stroke.

Results

A total of 121 recurrent ischemic strokes occurred in the pooled 3740 patients (mean [SD] age, 45 [10] years; 1682 [45%] female) during a median (IQR) follow-up of 57 (23.7-63.8) months. Treatment with PFO closure was associated with reduced risk for recurrent ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.41 [95% CI, 0.28-0.60]; P < .001). The reduction in hazard for recurrent stroke was greater for patients with both a large shunt and an ASA (aHR, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.06-0.35]) than for large shunt without ASA (aHR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.14-0.56]), small shunt with ASA (aHR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.17-0.78]), and small shunt without ASA (aHR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.41-1.13]) (interaction P = .02). At 2 years, the absolute risk reduction of recurrent stroke was greater (5.5% [95% CI, 2.7-8.3]) in patients with large shunt and ASA than for patients in the other 3 categories (1.0% for all).

Conclusions and Relevance

Patients with both a large shunt and an ASA showed a substantially greater beneficial association with PFO closure than patients with large shunt alone, patients with small shunt and ASA, and patients with neither large shunt nor ASA. These findings, combined with other patient features, may inform shared patient-clinician decision-making.
Factors Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Among Pediatric Patients
Authors: Rugg-Gunn Charlotte E. M. , Dixon Eleanor , Jorgensen Andrea L. , Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Deakin Mark , Hawcutt Daniel B.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains a risk. Following a 2011 systematic review, considerable additional articles have been published, and the review required updating.

Objective

To evaluate factors associated with DKA at the onset of T1D among pediatric patients.

Evidence Review

In this systematic review, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and article reference lists were searched using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome search strategy for primary research studies on DKA and T1D onset among individuals younger than 18 years that were published from January 2011 to November 2021. These studies were combined with a 2011 systematic review on the same topic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Findings

A total of 2565 articles were identified; 149 were included, along with 46 from the previous review (total 195 articles). Thirty-eight factors were identified and examined for their association with DKA at T1D onset. Factors associated with increased risk of DKA were younger age at T1D onset (<2 years vs ≥2 years; odds ratio [OR], 3.51; 95% CI, 2.85-4.32; P < .001), belonging to an ethnic minority population (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.74; P = .004), and family history of T1D (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.37-0.57; P < .001), consistent with the 2011 systematic review. Some factors that were not associated with DKA in the 2011 systematic review were associated with DKA in the present review (eg, delayed diagnosis: OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.72-3.01; P < .001). Additional factors associated with risk of DKA among patients with new-onset T1D included participation in screening programs (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.59; P < .001) and presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.76-3.06; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, age younger than 2 years at T1D onset, belonging to an ethnic minority population, delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, and presenting during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with increased risk of DKA. Factors associated with decreased risk of DKA included greater knowledge of key signs or symptoms of DKA, such as a family history of T1D or participation in screening programs. Future work should focus on identifying and implementing strategies related to these factors to reduce risk of DKA among new patients with T1D.
Scalable Ultrathin All‐Organic Polymer Dielectric Films for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Ren Weibin , Yang Minzheng , Zhou Le , Fan Youjun , He Shan , Pan Jiayu , Tang Tongxiang , Xiao Yao , Nan Ce‐Wen , Shen Yang
Published: October 2022

The miniaturization of electronic devices and power systems for capacitive energy storage under harsh environments requires scalable high‐quality ultrathin high‐temperature dielectric films. To meet the need, ultrasonic spray‐coating (USC) can be used. Novel polyimides with a dipolar group, CF3(F‐PI), and all‐organic composites with trace organic semiconductor can serve as models. These scalable high‐quality ultrathin films (≈2.6 and ≈5.2 µm) are successfully fabricated via USC. The high quality of the films is evaluated from the micro‐millimeter scale to the sub‐millimeter and above. The high glass transition temperatureTg(≈340 °C) and concurrent large bandgapEg(≈3.53 eV) induced by weak conjugation from considerable interchain distance (≈6.2 Å) enable F‐PI to be an excellent matrix delivering a discharge energy density with 90% discharge efficiencyUη90of 2.85 J cm−3at 200 °C. Further, the incorporation of a trace organic semiconductor leads to a recordUη90of ≈4.39 J cm−3at 200 °C due to the markedly enhanced breakdown strength caused by deep charge traps of ≈2 eV. Also, a USC‐fabricated multilayer F‐PI foil capacitor with ≈85 nF (six layers) has good performance at 150 °C. These results confirm that USC is an excellent technology to fabricate high‐quality ultrathin dielectric films and capacitors.
Culturally grounded strategies for suicide and alcohol risk prevention delivered by rural Alaska Native communities: A dynamic wait‐listed design evaluation of the Qungasvik intervention
Authors: Allen James , Charles Billy , Fok Carlotta Ching Ting , Lee KyungSook , Grogan‐Kaylor Andrew ,   Qungasvik Team, Rasmus Stacy
Published: October 2022

We examined the effectiveness of the Qungasvik (Tools for Life) intervention in enhancing protective factors as a universal suicide and alcohol prevention strategy for young people ages 12−18 living in highly affected rural Alaska Native communities. Four communities were assigned to immediate intervention or to a dynamic wait list. Outcomes were analyzed for 239 young people at four time points over two years of community intervention. Outcomes assessed two ultimate variable protective factors buffering suicide and alcohol risk, and three intermediate variable protective factors at the individual, family, and community level. Dose dependent intervention effects were associated with growth in ultimate but not intermediate variables. This evaluation of the Qungasvik intervention provides support for the effectiveness of its Indigenous strategies for suicide and alcohol misuse prevention in this rural Alaska Native setting. Though findings did not provide support for a theory of change where growth in ultimate variables is occasioned through effects on intermediate variables, research designs focused on young people who enter intervention at lower levels of preexisting protection hold promise for better understanding of intervention change processes. The Qungasvik intervention is responsive to an acute public health need for effective rural Alaska Native suicide and alcohol risk prevention strategies.
The utility of dried blood spot measurement of bone turnover markers in biological anthropology
Authors: Devlin Maureen J. , Eick Geeta N. , Snodgrass J. Josh
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Bone is a dynamic organ under continual turnover influenced by life history stage, energy dynamics, diet, climate, and disease. Bone turnover data have enormous potential in biological anthropology for testing evolutionary and biocultural hypotheses, yet few studies have integrated these biomarkers. In the present article we systematically review the current availability, future viability, and applicability of measuring bone turnover markers (BTMs) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples obtained from finger prick whole blood.

Methods

Our review considers clinical and public health relevance, biomarker stability in DBS, assay availability, and cost. We consider biomarkers of bone formation such as osteocalcin (bone matrix protein), PINP (N‐terminal propeptide of type I collagen), and alkaline phosphatase (osteoblast enzyme), as well as biomarkers of bone resorption such as CTX (marker of collagen breakdown) and TRACP5b (tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b; osteoclast enzyme).

Results

Two BTMs have been validated for DBS: osteocalcin (formation) and TRACP5b (resorption). Prime candidates for future development are CTX and PINP, the formation and resorption markers used for clinical monitoring of response to osteoporosis treatment.

Conclusion

BTMs are a field‐friendly technique for longitudinal monitoring of skeletal biology during growth, reproduction and aging, combining minimized risk to study participants with maximized ease of sample storage and transport. This combination allows new insights into the effects of energy availability, disease, and physical activity level on bone, and questions about bone gain and loss across life history and in response to environmental factors; these issues are important in human biology, paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, and forensic anthropology.
A homozygous missense variant in the WRN gene segregating in a family with progressive pulmonary failure with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Sezer Abdullah , Kayhan Gulsum , Gursoy Tugba Ramasli , Eyuboglu Tugba Sismanlar , Percin Ferda E.
Published: October 2022

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a condition affecting the lung parenchyma by inflammation and fibrosis and can be caused by various exposures, connective tissue diseases (CTD), and genetic disorders. In this report, a family with five patients having progressive respiratory failure that begins with coughing in adolescence, followed by dyspnea and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, and death in early adulthood is presented. The patients were diagnosed to have ILD through clinical and radiological evaluations. Molecular genetic analyses of the family provided two homozygous rare variants in the WRN and SFXN5 genes, co‐segregating with the phenotype. The network analyses pointed out that the variant in the WRN, rather than that in the SFXN5 gene, could be the main factor in the existence of the ILD phenotype, putatively through the altered DNA repair and telomere maintenance pathways. In silico analyses suggested that the variant could affect the exonuclease activity or the stability of the WRN protein. Moreover, the adolescent‐onset pulmonary phenotype described in the case has not been reported in Werner Syndrome, the only disease known to be associated with biallelic WRN pathogenic variants. Thus, the present phenotype could be either a very atypical presentation of Werner syndrome or a new clinical entity associated with the WRN gene.
Special issue: Newborn screening research
Authors: Brower Amy , Chan Kee
Published: October 2022

This Special Issue provides a wide‐ranging update from the front lines of newborn screening (NBS) research and is the result of conversations and collaborations facilitated by the Newborn Screening Translational Research Network (NBSTRN) across the NBS community and their extended networks. For 14 years NBSTRN has accelerated research efforts to advance NBS by creating a research infrastructure available to the NBS community to discover novel technologies to screen, diagnose, and treat newborns.Authors in this Special issues share their innovative and impactful efforts to advance NBS to include additional conditions, populations, genomics, and information sharing.
Testing the effect of oxytocin on social grooming in bonobos
Authors: Brooks James , Kano Fumihiro , Yeow Hanling , Morimura Naruki , Yamamoto Shinya
Published: October 2022

Oxytocin has attracted research attention due to its role in promoting social bonding. In bonobos and chimpanzees, the two species most closely related to humans, urinary oxytocin is known to correlate with key behaviours related to social bonding such as social grooming in chimpanzees and female‐female sexual behaviour in bonobos. However, no study has demonstrated that the administration of oxytocin promotes real‐life social interactions in Pan, leaving it unclear whether oxytocin is merely correlated with social behaviors or does affect them in these species. To test this, we administered nebulized oxytocin or saline placebo to a group of female bonobos and subsequently observed changes in their gross behavior during free interaction. We found an overall effect of more frequent grooming in the oxytocin condition. However, on the individual level this effect remained significant for only one participant in our follow‐up models, suggesting future work should explore interindividual variation. Our results provide some experimental support for the biobehavioural feedback loop hypothesis, which posits that some functions of the oxytocin system support the formation and maintenance of social bonds through a positive feedback loop; however, further tests with a larger number of individuals are required. Our results, at a minimum, demonstrated that oxytocin affects spontaneous, naturalistic social interactions of at least some female bonobos, adding to accumulating evidence that oxytocin modulates complex social behaviors of Pan.
Predicting Functional Outcome Using 24‐Hour Post‐Treatment Characteristics: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in the STRATIS Registry
Authors: Castonguay Alicia C. , Zoghi Zeinab , Zaidat Osama O. , Burgess Richard E. , Zaidi Syed F. , Mueller‐Kronast Nils , Liebeskind David S. , Jumaa Mouhammad A.
Published: October 2022

Summary for Social Media

@AliciaCastongu2, @FazalZaidi9, @oozaidat, @Mouhammad_Jumaa

Objective

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have emerged as powerful predictive tools in the field stroke. Here, we examine the predictive accuracy of ML models for predicting functional outcomes using 24‐hour post‐treatment characteristics in the Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke (STRATIS) Registry.

Methods

ML models, adaptive boost, random forest (RF), classification and regression trees (CART), C5.0 decision tree (C5.0), support vector machine (SVM), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and logistic regression (LR), and traditional LR models were used to predict 90‐day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2). Twenty‐four‐hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was examined as a continuous or dichotomous variable in all models. Model accuracy was assessed using the area under characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The 24‐hour NIHSS score was a top‐predictor of functional outcome in all models. ML models using the continuous 24‐hour NIHSS scored showed moderate‐to‐good predictive performance (range mean AUC: 0.76–0.92); however, RF (AUC: 0.92 ± 0.028) outperformed all ML models, except LASSO (AUC: 0.89 ± 0.023, p = 0.0958). Importantly, RF demonstrated a significantly higher predictive value than LR (AUC: 0.87 ± 0.031, p = 0.048) and traditional LR (AUC: 85 ± 0.06, p = 0.035) when using the 24‐hour continuous NIHSS score. Predictive accuracy was similar between the 24‐hour NIHSS score dichotomous and continuous ML models.

Interpretation

In this substudy, we found similar predictive accuracy for functional outcome when using the 24‐hour NIHSS score as a continuous or dichotomous variable in ML models. ML models had moderate‐to‐good predictive accuracy, with RF outperforming LR models. External validation of these ML models is warranted. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:40–49
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Redistribution between Hydrosilanes and Silacyclobutanes
Authors: Chen Shaowei , He Xiaoqian , Jin Chenyu , Zhang Weilu , Yang Yuxi , Liu Shanshan , Lan Yu , Houk Kendall N. , Shen Xiao
Published: October 2022

Silanes are important in chemistry and material science. The self‐redistribution of HSiCl3 is an industrial process to prepare SiH4, which is widely used in electronics and automobile industries. However, selective silane cross‐redistribution to prepare advanced silanes is challenging. We now report an enthalpy‐driven silane cross‐redistribution to access bis‐silanes that contain two different types of Si−H bonds in the same molecule. Compared with entropy‐driven reactions, the enthalpy‐driven reaction shows high regioselectivity, broad substrate scope (62 examples) and high atom economy. Our combined experimental and computational study indicates that the reaction proceeds through a Ni0‐NiII‐NiIV catalytic cycle.
Untangling Degradation Chemistries of Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Through Interpretable Hybrid Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Xinyan , Peng Hong‐Jie , Li Bo‐Quan , Chen Xiang , Li Zheng , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2022

The development of emerging rechargeable batteries is often hindered by limited chemical understanding composing of entangled patterns in an enormous space. Herein, we propose an interpretable hybrid machine learning framework to untangle intractable degradation chemistries of conversion‐type batteries. Rather than being a black box, this framework not only demonstrates an ability to accurately forecast lithium‐sulfur batteries (with a test mean absolute error of 8.9 % for the end‐of‐life prediction) but also generate useful physical understandings that illuminate future battery design and optimization. The framework also enables the discovery of a previously unknown performance indicator, the ratio of electrolyte amount to high‐voltage‐region capacity at the first discharge, for lithium‐sulfur batteries complying practical merits. The present data‐driven approach is readily applicable to other energy storage systems due to its versatility and flexibility in modules and inputs.
Light‐Controlled Destruction and Assembly: Switching between Two Differently Composed Cage‐Type Complexes
Authors: Hugenbusch Daniel , Lehr Marc , von Glasenapp Jan‐Simon , McConnell Anna J. , Herges Rainer
Published: October 2022

We report on two regioisomeric, diazocine ligands 1 and 2 that can both be photoswitched between the E‐ and Z‐configurations with violet and green light. The self‐assembly of the four species (1‐Z, 1‐E, 2‐Z, 2‐E) with CoII ions was investigated upon changing the coordination vectors as a function of the ligand configuration (E vs Z) and regioisomer (1 vs 2). With 1‐Z, Co2(1‐Z)3 was self‐assembled, while a mixture of ill‐defined species (oligomers) was observed with 2‐Z. Upon photoswitching with 385 nm to the E configurations, the opposite was observed with 1‐E forming oligomers and 2‐E forming Co2(2‐E)3. Light‐controlled dis/assembly was demonstrated in a ligand competition experiment with sub‐stoichiometric amounts of CoII ions; alternating irradiation with violet and green light resulted in the reversible transformation between Co2(1‐Z)3 and Co2(2‐E)3 over multiple cycles without significant fatigue by photoswitching.
Intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen‐Bonded Solid Emitter as Colorimetric and Fluorometric Cyanide‐Selective Chemodosimeter
Authors: Padghan Sachin D. , Wang Li‐Ching , Hu Jiun‐Wei , Wang Fang‐Yu , Chen Kew‐Yu
Published: October 2022

An indole‐indanedione‐based small molecule, compound1Me, comprising an intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen‐bond (H‐bond) and with an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic was prepared for the colorimetric and fluorometric detection of CN−. Compound1Meis virtually nonfluorescent in solution but emits a strong yellow fluorescence in the solid state because of the intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅O H‐bond, which inhibits the free rotation of the exocyclic C−C single bond of1Me. The nucleophilic addition of CN−to theβ‐conjugated carbon of the indanedione group of1Me, which breaks the intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅O H‐bond and blocks ICT, causes the colorimetric and fluorometric responses of1Meto CN−. Furthermore, inexpensive and portable paper‐based test kits containing1Mecould be used to rapidly and conveniently sense CN−using the naked eye in real time. The results provide a new strategy for designing colorimetric and fluorometric cyanide‐selective sensors based on an intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonded solid emitter.
Design of Dual‐responsive ROS/RSS Fluorescent Probes and Their Application in Bioimaging
Authors: Huang Pei , Yue Yongkang , Yin Caixia , Huo Fangjun
Published: October 2022

Intracellular redox homeostasis exerts a tremendous influence on pathophysiological fields. In order to maintain the homeostasis of intracellular redox state, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS) react and transform with each other, and their levels also directly reflect the degree of oxidative stress and disease. To understand the correlation and pathophysiological effects of these two signaling molecules in oxidative stress, unique fluorescence imaging tools are required. Fluorescent probes have become an indispensable detection tool in modern scientific research and disease diagnosis. Currently, there are many fluorescent probes for detecting ROS or RSS. However, the cellular environment is extremely complex. Dual detection fluorescent probes that can monitor more than one species in a biological environment cause our attention. This review describes dual detection fluorescent probes that can detect ROS and RSS simultaneously or sequentially. This will provide strong support for the study of redox homeostasis.
Rational Design of LLZO/Polymer Solid Electrolytes for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Liu Xueping , Xiao Zhe , Peng Huarong , Jiang Dongting , Xie Honggui , Sun Yiling , Zhong Shengkui , Qian Zhengfang , Wang Renheng
Published: October 2022

Hybrid composite electrolytes incorporate polymer matrixes and garnet filler attract the focus of concern for all‐solid‐state batteries, which possess high ionic conductivity, superior electrochemical stability, and wide electrochemical window of ceramic electrolyte advantages, and exhibit excellent flexibility and tensile shear strength from polymer electrolyte benefits. Hence, the unique structure design of solid‐state electrolytes resolves the existing defects that the use of either single garnet or polymer electrolytes implemented into battery devices. This review summarizes Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)/polymer solid composite electrolytes (SCEs), comprising LLZO/polymer SCEs with various structures and different ratios of LLZO fillers, LLZO/polymer with different kinds of polymers matrix and hybrid lithium‐salt, and Li+ transport pathways within the LLZO/polymers SCEs interface. The purpose here is to propose the viewpoints and challenges of LLZO/polymer SCEs to promote the development of next‐generation solid electrolytes.
Demonstrating the Use of a Fungal Synthesized Quinone in a Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Wilhelmsen Charlotte Overgaard , Kristensen Sebastian Birkedal , Nolte Oliver , Volodin Ivan A. , Christiansen Johan Vormsborg , Isbrandt Thomas , Sørensen Trine , Petersen Celine , Sondergaard Teis Esben , Lehmann Nielsen Kåre , Larsen Thomas Ostenfeld , Frisvad Jens Christian , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. , Muff Jens , Sørensen Jens Laurids
Published: October 2022

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have gained increased interest as a promising solution to store energy from sustainable energy sources. Inspired by naturally occurring bio‐quinones, we here propose a new electrolyte based on the fungal compound phoenicin. Phoenicin was produced using the filamentous fungus Penicillium atrosanguineum at a concentration of 1.24 g L−1 liquid medium and extracted using ethyl acetate to a purity exceeding 95 %. The fungus may provide a benefit of high scalability of the biosynthesis‐based production of the electroactive substance. Here, we demonstrate the performance of biologically produced phoenicin as a negative electrolyte in an RFB against ferro/ferricyanide, as a proof of concept, giving an initial capacity of 11.75 Ah L−1 and a capacity decay of 2.85 % day−1. For a deeper investigation of the battery setup, in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectra of the phoenicin electrolyte were recorded. Symmetric cell cycling was performed to study the stability of this bio‐based active material.
Value optimisation for the agri‐food sector: A circular economy approach
Authors: Poponi Stefano , Arcese Gabriella , Ruggieri Alessandro , Pacchera Francesco
Published: October 2022

Adopting circular economy principles in the agri‐food sector is necessary for the conversion of the current economic system. However, there are still many gaps in understanding how the development of circular dynamics within companies can take shape. This study investigates how circular economy principles and factors contribute to value optimisation and proposes a critical discussion and reflection on the economic, social and environmental issues within the agri‐food sector supply chain. Multiple‐case analysis was conducted to analyse 10 companies. Circular economy principles and factors considered were taken from the BS 8001 standard. Results show two scenarios and three dimensions in which value optimisation takes place. In addition, collaboration is the key to starting a path of optimisation. Finally, the study proposes the evaluation of a new indicator that allows one to act in all different scenarios proposed.
The long‐term survival of esophageal cancer in elderly patients: A multi‐center, retrospective study from China
Authors: Li Runhua , He Yutong , Sun Xibin , Wang Ning , Zhang Min , Wei Kuangrong , Li Huizhang , Dong Peng , Du Lingbin , Chen Wanqing
Published: October 2022

Background

Esophageal cancer (EC) often occurs in the elderly, and approximately 40% of patients are 70 years or older. To investigate the long‐term survival of EC in elderly patients, to provide a theoretical direction for better management and predicting survival of EC based on the hospital‐based multi‐center study in China.

Methods

The study was conducted in 18 hospitals including 6 provincial hospitals, 8 municipal hospitals, and 4 county hospitals. We extracted information from medical record homepage, records of admission and discharge, and pathological diagnosis reports from the medical record department of the elderly patients at 70–84 years old to obtain the 3‐year and 5‐year overall survival (OS), and main associated factors, and to analyze the current therapeutic effect of different treatment options for elderly patients.

Results

The 3‐year and 5‐year OS rate of the 1013 elderly patients was 44.8% and 32.8%, respectively. Their median survival was 28.00 months. The median survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma was longer than that of other pathological type (squamous vs. other types: 31.00 vs. 20.00 months, p = 0.018). The median survival of patients with surgery only or combined therapy was longer than that of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and no therapy (surgery only vs. combined therapy vs. radiotherapy vs. chemotherapy vs. no therapy: 56.00 vs. 33.00 vs. 26.00 vs.18.00 vs. 16.00 months, p < 0.001). The 5‐year OS rate of patients with highly differentiated cancer was higher than that of medium differentiated and poor differentiation/undifferentiated. In multivariate analysis, the older ages, pathological stage, were independent prognostic risk factors for poor EC survival. Treatment method was independent protective factors predictive of a good EC OS.

Conclusions

The survival rate of the elderly EC patients was still low in China. Age, therapy method, and pathological stage were mainly associated with the survival rate of EC in elderly patients.
Salidroside in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH
Authors: Qu Baozhen , Liu Xuemao , Liang Yanjiao , Zheng Keke , Zhang Chunling , Lu Linlin
Published: October 2022

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest reason for chronic liver diseases in the world and is commonly related to the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a deteriorating form of NAFLD, which can eventually develop into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The reason for NAFLD/NASH development is complicated, such as liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy, liver fibrosis and gut microbiota. Apart from bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes, officially approved drug therapy for NAFLD/NASH treatment is lacking. Salidroside (SDS) is a phenolic compound extensively distributed in the tubers of Rhodiola plants, which possesses many significant biological activities. This review summarized the related targets regulated by SDS in treating NAFLD/NASH. It is indicated that SDS could improve the status of NAFLD/NASH by ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating apoptosis and autophagy, reducing inflammatory response, alleviating fibrosis and regulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, although the multiple bioactivities of SDS have been confirmed, the clinical data are inadequate and need to become the focus of attention in the later study.
Room‐Temperature Solid‐State Transformation of Na4SnS4 ⋅ 14H2O into Na4Sn2S6 ⋅ 5H2O: An Unusual Epitaxial Reaction Including Bond Formation, Mass Transport, and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Benkada Assma , Hartmann Felix , A. Engesser Tobias , Indris Sylvio , Zinkevich Tatiana , Näther Christian , Lühmann Henning , Reinsch Helge , Adams Stefan , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

A highly unusual solid‐state epitaxy‐induced phase transformation of Na4SnS4 ⋅ 14H2O (I) into Na4Sn2S6 ⋅ 5H2O (II) occurs at room temperature. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations indicate an internal acid‐base reaction to form [SnS3SH]3−which condensates to [Sn2S6]4−. The reaction involves a complex sequence of O−H bond cleavage, S2−protonation, Sn−S bond formation and diffusion of various species while preserving the crystal morphology. In situ Raman and IR spectroscopy evidence the formation of [Sn2S6]4−. DFT calculations allowed assignment of all bands appearing during the transformation. X‐ray diffraction and in situ1H NMR demonstrate a transformation within several days and yield a reaction turnover of ≈0.38 %/h. AIMD and experimental ionic conductivity data closely follow a Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann typeTdependence withD(Na)=6×10−14 m2 s−1atT=300 K with values increasing by three orders of magnitude from −20 to +25 °C.
Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium Metal Batteries: A Review
Authors: Wang Shiyang , Peng Bo , Lu Jian , Jie Yulin , Li Xinpeng , Pan Yuxue , Han Yehu , Cao Ruiguo , Xu Dongsheng , Jiao Shuhong
Published: October 2022

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have been widely studied owing to their relatively high energy density and abundant resources. However, they still need systematic improvement to fulfill the harsh operating conditions for their commercialization. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in SMBs in terms of sodium anode modification, electrolyte exploration, and cathode design. Firstly, we give an overview of the current challenges facing Na metal anodes and the corresponding solutions. Then, the traditional liquid electrolytes and the prospective solid electrolytes for SMBs are summarized. In addition, insertion‐ and conversion‐type cathode materials are introduced. Finally, an outlook for the future of practical SMBs is provided.
Photoinduced Nickel‐Catalyzed Carbon–Heteroatom Coupling**
Authors: Luo Hang , Wang Guohua , Feng Yunhui , Zheng Wanyao , Kong Lingya , Ma Yunpeng , Matsunaga Shigeki , Lin Luqing
Published: October 2022

Herein, we report visible light‐promoted single nickel catalysis for diverse carbon–heteroatom couplings under mild conditions. This mild, general, and robust method to couple diverse nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles with aryl(heteroaryl)/alkenyl iodides/bromides exhibits a wide functional group tolerance and is applicable to late‐stage modification of pharmaceuticals and natural products. On the base of preliminary mechanistic studies, a NiI/NiIII cycle via the generation of active NiI complexes that appear from homolysis of NiII−I rather than NiII−aryl bond was tentatively proposed.
Next Generation Copper Mediators for the Efficient Production of 18F‐Labeled Aromatics
Authors: Hoffmann Chris , Kolks Niklas , Smets Daniel , Haseloer Alexander , Gröner Benedikt , Urusova Elizaveta A. , Endepols Heike , Neumaier Felix , Ruschewitz Uwe , Klein Axel , Neumaier Bernd , Zlatopolskiy Boris D.
Published: October 2022

Cu‐mediated radiofluorination is a versatile tool for the preparation of 18F‐labeled (hetero)aromatics. In this work, we systematically evaluated a series of complexes and identified several generally applicable mediators for highly efficient radiofluorination of aryl boronic and stannyl substrates. Utilization of these mediators in nBuOH/DMI or DMI significantly improved 18F‐labeling yields despite use of lower precursor amounts. Impressively, application of 2.5 μmol aryl boronic acids was sufficient to achieve 18F‐labeling yields of up to 75 %. The practicality of the novel mediators was demonstrated by efficient production of five PET‐tracers and transfer of the method to an automated radiosynthesis module. In addition, (S)‐3‐[18F]FPhe and 6‐[18F]FDOPA were prepared in activity yields of 23±1 % and 30±3 % using only 2.5 μmol of the corresponding boronic acid or trimethylstannyl precursor.
Recognition‐Induced Enhanced Emission of Core‐Fluorescent ESIPT‐type Macrocycles
Authors: Jurek Paulina , Jędrzejewska Hanna , Rode Michał F. , Szumna Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

Core‐fluorescent cavitands based on 2‐(2′‐resorcinol)benzimidazole fluorophores (RBIs) merged with the resorcin[4]arene skeleton were designed and synthesized. The cavitands, due to the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and increased acidity, show excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and readily undergo deprotonation to form dianionic cavitands, capable of strong binding to organic cations. The changes in fluorescence are induced by deprotonation and binding events and involve huge Stokes shifts (due to emission from anionic double keto tautomers) and cation‐selective enhancement of emission originating from the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIR) upon recognition in the cavity. Ab initio calculations indicate that the macrocyclic scaffold stabilizes the ground state tautomeric forms of the fluorophores that are not observed for non‐macrocyclic analogs. In the excited state, the emitting forms for both macrocyclic scaffolds and non‐macrocyclic analogs are anionic double keto tautomers, which are the result of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) or excited state double proton transfer (ESDPT).
Roles of interface engineering in performance optimization of skutterudite‐based thermoelectric materials
Authors: Qin Dandan , Shi Wenjing , Lu Yunzhuo , Cai Wei , Liu Zihang , Sui Jiehe
Published: October 2022

Interface engineering has prevailed in the thermoelectric field for decades, and related performance has achieved great progress. Therefore, an in‐depth understanding of the impacts of the interface effect on the thermoelectric transport parameters is of vital importance. In this paper, taking skutterudite‐based thermoelectric materials as typical examples, the formation mechanism and preparation process of various interface types, including 1D dislocations, 2D grain refinement, 3D nanocomposites, and micro‐nanopores, are briefly summarized. In addition, we also systemically highlight recently striking achievements related to interfacial design to reveal the distinctive effect of each interface structure on the transport behavior of carriers and phonons. Finally, existing challenges in the thermoelectric performance optimization achieved by interface engineering are pointed out, and an outlook for further thermoelectric research is presented.
Organic Supercapacitors as the Next Generation Energy Storage Device: Emergence, Opportunity, and Challenges
Authors: Biswas Sudipta , Chowdhury Ananya
Published: October 2022

Harnessing new materials for developing high‐energy storage devices set off research in the field of organic supercapacitors. Various attractive properties like high energy density, lower device weight, excellent cycling stability, and impressive pseudocapacitive nature make organic supercapacitors suitable candidates for high‐end storage device applications. This review highlights the overall progress and future of organic supercapacitors. Sustainable energy production and storage depend on low cost, large supercapacitor packs with high energy density. Organic supercapacitors with high pseudocapacitance, lightweight form factor, and higher device potential are alternatives to other energy storage devices. There are many recent ongoing research works that focus on organic electrolytes along with the material aspect of organic supercapacitors. This review summarizes the current research status and the chemistry behind the storage mechanism in organic supercapacitors to overcome the challenges and achieve superior performance for future opportunities.
Phenotypic Characterization and Isolation of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Reuven Or , Mikula Ivan , Ashkenazi‐Preiser Hadas , Twaik Nira , Ben‐Meir Kerem , Meirow Yaron , Daniel Leonor , Kariv Guy , Kurd Mahdi , Baniyash Michal
Published: October 2022

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogenous populations of immature myeloid cells that can be divided into two main subpopulations, polymorphonuclear (PMN) MDSCs and monocytic (M) MDSCs. These cells accumulate during chronic inflammation and induce immunosuppression evident in an array of pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. Herein, we describe methods to isolate and characterize MDSCs from various murine tissue, as well as to phenotype blood‐derived MDSCs from patients. The protocols describe methods for isolation of total MDSCs and their subpopulations, for characterization, and for evaluation of their distribution within tissue, as well as for assessing their maturation stage by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence analyses, and Giemsa staining. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Single‐cell suspension generation from different tissue

Alternate Protocol 1: Single‐cell suspension generation from subcutaneous melanoma tumors

Basic Protocol 2: Characterization of MDSC phenotype

Basic Protocol 3: Cell separation using magnetic beads: Separating pan‐MDSCs or PMN‐MDSC and M‐MDSC subpopulations

Alternate Protocol 2: Staining and preparing MDSCs for sorting

Support Protocol: PMN‐MDSC and M‐MDSC gating strategy in mouse

Basic Protocol 4: Immunofluorescence analysis of MDSCs

Basic Protocol 5: Handling human blood samples and characterizing human MDSCs

Alternate Protocol 3: Flow cytometry staining of thawed human whole blood samples
Real time online efficiency optimization of buck converter against variable voltage and load change
Authors: Chen Zhangyong , Tang Xuan , Wu Yunfeng , Xiang Tianyu , Zheng Zhanchao
Published: October 2022

In order to address the issue of keeping the converter operating at a high efficiency level under different conditions, this paper suggests an adaptive step frequency adjustment online optimization search algorithm, which achieves the goal of fast adjustment and real‐time response to parameter changes. The converter is quickly adjusted to operate at a high efficiency by sampling the input and output current values and modulating the switching frequency utilizing the algorithm. Additionally, the algorithm shifts between two working models to finish the search for the best switching frequency while the converter's characteristics do not change. Moreover, it accomplishes the objective of instantly resynchronizing the algorithm after a change in the converter's parameters and starting a search for the best switching frequency in the new converter state. For various input voltages and output loads, the operating principle, optimal frequency, and efficiency are given. In addition, the principle analysis when the converter parameters are changed is provided, and the choice of two algorithm models is compared. Finally, a prototype buck converter with adjustable input voltage and load is constructed to test the algorithm's efficiency.
A high‐gain low‐ripple DC–DC converter for micro‐grid applications
Authors: Kalahasthi Rajesh Babu , Ramteke Manojkumar R. , Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar
Published: October 2022

This article presents a high‐gain soft‐switching DC–DC converter that achieves high gain by using a coupled inductor and a voltage multiplier. An inductor is used to provide a continuous and low‐input current ripple. The voltage stress across the switch is reduced with the help of an active clamp circuit. Hence, lower voltage rating switches having low on‐state resistance Rdson are used to reduce the system cost. It also benefits of zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn on across both the MOSFETs. Thereby, switching losses are reduced, and hence, efficiency is increased. Because of these advantages, it best suits photovoltaic (PV) and DC micro‐grid applications. Since diodes are switched on and off with zero current (ZCS), diode switching losses are reduced, and the reverse recovery problem of diodes is eliminated. The leakage energy of the coupled inductor is recycled to increase the voltage gain. A 500 W prototype is built‐up and tested under various load conditions. The experimental values are in close synchronization with theoretical values.
Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment
Authors: Willman Jonathan , Willman Matthew , Reddy Ramya , Fusco Anna , Sriram Sai , Mehkri Yusuf , Charles Jude , Goeckeritz Joel , Lucke‐Wold Brandon
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the gut‐brain axis (GBA), its impact on neurosurgery, and its implications for future treatment.

Background

An abundance of research has established the existence of a collection of pathways between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), commonly known as the GBA. Complicating this relationship, the gut microbiome bacterial diversity appears to change with age, antibiotic exposure and a number of external and internal factors.

Methods

In this paper, we present the current understanding of the key protective and deleterious roles the gut microbiome plays in the pathogenesis of several common neurosurgical concerns.

Results

Specifically, we examine how spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and stroke may cause gut microbial dysbiosis. Furthermore, this link appears to be bidirectional as gut dysbiosis contributes to secondary CNS injury in each of these ailment settings. This toxic cycle may be broken, and the future secondary damage rescued by timely, therapeutic, gut microbiome modification. In addition, a robust gut microbiome appears to improve outcomes in brain tumour treatment. There are several primary routes by which microbiome dysbiosis may be ameliorated, including faecal microbiota transplant, oral probiotics, bacteriophages, genetic modification of gut microbiota and vagus nerve stimulation.

Conclusion

The GBA represents an important component of patient care in the field of neurosurgery. Future research may illuminate ideal methods of therapeutic microbiome modulation in distinct pathogenic settings.
Erythrocyte lysing solutions have a detrimental effect in flow cytometric dendritic cell detection
Authors: Rico Laura G. , Salvia Roser , Juncà Jordi , Ward Mike D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Sorigue Marc , Petriz Jordi
Published: October 2022

Flow cytometry (FCM) enumeration of peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) is a minimally invasive procedure extremely useful for immunological studies. Numbers of PBDCs vary depending on age, lifestyle, or in pathologies like cancer, leukemia or immunodeficiencies. Conventional methods for PBDC identification by FCM involve red blood cell lysis using either formaldehyde or ammonium chloride‐based solutions. This specific procedure has been widely reported to cause a detrimental effect as well as an artifactual detection of target populations. Alternatively, minimal sample perturbation assays that avoid the use of erythrolytic solutions with centrifugation steps and preserve the native cellular state are simpler and more robust than conventional methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how conventional FCM assays can alter dendritic cell (DC) counting when compared with minimal sample perturbation protocols, in terms of absolute cell counting, percentage and stain index (SI) of PBDC subsets. We evaluated the use of three different erythrolytic solutions (CyLyse, OptiLyse C, and Pharm Lyse) on a series of n = 20 peripheral blood specimens for conventional and plasmacytoid DCs detection as well as for leukocyte and basophil detection. Our results showed a significant reduction of leukocytes and specifically, of DCs and basophils in terms of absolute number when using erythrolytic solutions. In conclusion, our study shows that PBDC counting is heavily affected when lysing solutions are used, indicating that these stellate‐shaped populations appear to be more labile.