bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined Mote System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics
Authors: Boykin Clif , Buser Michael , Whitelock Derek , Holt Gregory
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-42 emission factor quality ratings for cotton gin PM10 (particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 10 µm) data are questionable, being extremely low. The objective of this study was to characterize particulate emissions for combined mote systems from cotton gins across the cotton belt based on particle size distribution analysis of total particulate samples from EPA approved stack sampling methods. Average measured PM2.5, PM6, and PM10 emission factors based on the mass and particle size analyses of EPA Method 17 total particulate filter and wash samples from two gins (six total test runs) were 0.0026 kg/227-kg bale (0.0056 lb/500-lb bale), 0.030 kg/bale (0.065 lb/bale), and 0.052 kg/bale (0.115 lb/bale), respectively. The combined mote system particle size distributions were characterized by an average mass median diameter of 15.8 µm (aerodynamic equivalent diameter). Based on system average emission factors, the ratio of PM2.5 to total particulate was 1.75%, PM6 to total particulate was 20.4%, and PM10 to total particulate was 35.7%.
Cyclone Robber System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 17
Authors: Buser Michael , Whitelock Derek , Boykin Clif , Holt Gregory
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Proctection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors generally are assigned a rating, from A (excellent) to E (poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Current EPA total particulate emission factor ratings for cotton gins are extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because the data were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional total particulate emission factor data for cyclone robber systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Three gins with cyclone robber system exhausts were sampled. The average production rate during testing for the three gins was 27.5 bales/h. The average cyclone robber system total particulate emission factor based on the three gins (12 total test runs) was 0.020 kg/227-kg bale (0.045 lb/500-lb bale). This average total particulate emission factor was less than that currently published in 1996 EPA AP-42, which was 0.083 kg/bale (0.18 lb/bale). The cyclone robber system test average emission rates ranged from 0.31 to 0.67 kg/h (0.69-1.48 lb/h).
Evaluation Methods, Resistant Germplasm, and Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Cotton: A Review
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Elassbli Hanan , Zhu Yi , Wheeler Terry , Bourland Fred
Published: June 2024

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm) is an important cotton (Gossypium spp.) production problem. In the U.S., BB has been controlled effectively using resistant cultivars and acid-delinted seed since the 1970s; however, resurgence of BB occurred in the early 2010s because of negligence in breeding. This review provides an up-to-date account on the pathogen, resistance evaluation methods, resistant germplasm lines, and breeding methods. Twenty-two Xcm races have been reported worldwide, and race 18 is currently the only one found in production fields in the U.S. To evaluate cotton for BB resistance, a pressure-sprayer-based method with surfactant in the field and a cotyledon-scratching-based method in the greenhouse are most often used. Breeding for BB resistance was highly successful in Sudan between the late 1930s and 1960s, when many resistance genes were transferred to G. barbadense from G. arboreum, G. herbaceum, G. anomalum, and G. hirsutum. Breeding for BB resistance commenced in the U.S. in the 1940s, leading to development of numerous resistant Upland cultivars. Although backcrossing was often used to transfer resistance genes in early years, forward breeding has been the breeding method of choice. Currently, some and possibly all resistant cultivars in the U.S. possess the resistance gene B12, which confers immunity with no water-soaked symptoms. Although B12-based resistance has held for a long time, identification of new resistant sources is needed to prevent an epidemic of BB due to evolution or introduction of possible new virulent Xcm races.
Advances in Cotton Harvesting Technology: a Review and Implications for the John Deere Round Baler Cotton Picker
Authors: Bennett John , Woodhouse Nathan , Keller Thomas , Jensen Troy , Antille Diogenes
Published: June 2024

To address the progressive increase in farmed land and the decline in labor, cotton production in more developed agricultural systems has seen a movement towards larger, heavier machinery with increased capacity. Recent innovation of on-board module building technology for cotton harvesters follows this trend, which has caused concern for the potential impact of the machine on the farming system. This review acknowledges past and present developments within the cotton harvesting system from both the machine- and soil-management perspectives to inform land managers, machinery manufacturers, technical advisors, and the scientific community of the incidence of soil compaction associated with technology uptake in cotton-based systems. Emphasis is made on the need to ensure that the effects of traffic-induced soil compaction are minimized. For this, the feasibility of confining compaction to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes is examined along with engineering design constraints of commercially available cotton pickers. Fundamental information is elicited, which provided insights as to why this movement has occurred and how associated problems might be addressed. Within the Australia context, these cotton harvesters have undergone rapid adoption. This review uses this case-study to elucidate direct and latent impacts of the machine to help identify risks and develop management strategies as further technology is developed and adopted. Knowledge gaps that merit a research priority within soil compaction work for cotton-based systems are presented and a synthesis of how to proceed conceptualized.
Assessing a Pneumatic Fractionator as a Lint Cleaning Device
Authors: Armijo Carlos , Whitelock Derek , Hughs Ed
Published: June 2024

A pneumatic fractionator was assessed as a lint cleaning device for ginned lint. Results from a test that used two line pressures and three fractionation times showed that higher line pressure and longer fractionation time produced fiber that was shorter in staple length, contained more neps, and had less dust, trash, and visible foreign matter (including leaf). Short fiber content was not different among fractionator treatments, and all treatments had varying degrees of classer prep calls. The fractionator was effective in removing foreign matter. Overall, the least aggressive treatment had the best fiber properties, and the most aggressive fractionator treatment did the most cleaning. Results from a lint cleaning test that compared the least and most aggressive fractionator treatments with a conventional saw-type lint cleaner showed that the fractionator did not preserve fiber length any better than conventional lint cleaning. The most aggressive fractionator treatment was more effective in removing foreign matter, but had considerably more neps than conventional lint cleaning. The fractionator treatments received prep calls and the conventional lint cleaner treatments did not. The most aggressive fractionator treatment was more harmful to fiber than conventional lint cleaning, and the least aggressive treatment had fiber properties similar to one saw-type lint cleaner. The most aggressive fractionator treatment had the highest cleaning efficiency, largest amount of lint cleaner waste, and lowest bale value. The highest bale value was achieved with either no lint cleaning or with the least aggressive fractionator treatment. Further work is needed to determine the interactions of the fractionator with different cultivars and cottons of varying foreign matter content as well as determine any effects of the fractionator on spinning performance.
Botanical Trash Mixtures Analyzed with Near-Infrared and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Fortier Chanel , Rodgers James , Foulk Jonn
Published: June 2024

Botanical cotton trash mixed with lint reduces cotton’s marketability and appearance. During cotton harvesting, ginning, and processing, trash size reduction occurs, thus complicating its removal and identification. This trash causes problems by increasing ends down in yarn formation and thus processing efficiency. The Uster® High Volume Instrument (HVI) and Shirley Analyzer are extensively used to determine trash levels in cotton lint, but they do not specifically identify its origin. This study was performed to determine the potential for recognizing differences between botanical cotton trash mixtures via near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A "proof of concept" was demonstrated that showed the promise of NIR and ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy along with TGA to be employed to identify binary mixtures of botanical cotton trash. In the case of the ATR/FT- IR results, the leaf and seed coat mixtures in the presence of cotton yielded the lowest accuracy of the trash mixtures. This might have arisen from the presence of noncellulosics in the samples.
Mote Cyclone Robber System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 17
Authors: Whitelock Derek , Buser Michael , Boykin Clif , Holt Gregory
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. There is no total particulate emission factor published for mote cyclone robber systems in the 1996 EPA AP-42. The objective of this study was to collect total particulate emission factor data for mote cyclone robber cleaning systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems and 4) abatement technologies. Three gins with mote cyclone robber systems were sampled. The average production rate during testing for the three gins was 25.6 bales/h. The average mote cyclone robber system total particulate emission factor based on three tests (nine total test runs) was 0.050 kg/227-kg bale (0.111 lb/500-lb bale). The mote cyclone robber systems emission rate test averages ranged from 0.66 to 2.15 kg/h (1.46-4.74 lb/h).
Actualización en Anestesiología Vol. 14
Authors: Serrano García Emilio José , Pesantez Suriaga Katherine Maciel , Yánez Veloz Emanuel Josueph , Salinas Bombón Jemmilee Vanessa , Díaz Sánchez Maylie , Suárez Lima Gabriel José , Ochoa Granda Nataly Silvana , Buri Guachisaca Maribel Alexandra , Solórzano Zambrano Johanna Sofía , Asencio Portugal Carlos Roberto , Velasco Merino Jacqueline Johanna , Vargas Corredor Diego Alberto , Ruilova Alvarado Ninoska Alexandra , Mariño Jara Lisseth Pamela
Published: June 2024

"Actualización en Anestesiología Vol. 14" es la última entrega de una serie ampliamente respetada que ofrece revisiones exhaustivas y actualizaciones críticas en el campo de la anestesiología. Este volumen proporciona una visión integral de los avances más recientes en técnicas, fármacos y manejos anestésicos, posicionándose como una referencia esencial para anestesiólogos y profesionales de la salud relacionados.
Exploring the Phosphate Solubilization Potential of Rhizobia Isolated from Sesbania grandiflora
Authors: Punsala R.H.H. , Nayanarangani M.D.P. , Jayaneththi J.P.H.U. , Dissanayaka D.M.S.H.
Published: June 2024

Rhizobia, are known to exhibit the ability to solubilize phosphate (P) in the soil, apart from their primary function of nitrogen fixation. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate and characterize rhizobia isolates obtained from root nodules of Sesbania grandiflora for their potential in P solubilization. Two experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using the LSD test. Four bacterial strains (a,b,c,d) were isolated from root nodules using the trap plant method. They were initially identified as Rhizobia based on morphology and authenticated through gram staining, acid-alkaline tests, Congo Red Yeast Mannitol Agar (CRYMA), and Bromothymol blue Yeast Mannitol Agar (BRYMA) tests. The most effective rhizobia for P solubilization was identified based on the Phosphorus Solubilization Index (PSI) and solubilized P in Pikovaskya (PVK) solid and liquid media. Subsequently, optimization of PVK liquid media was conducted for effective P solubilizer, varying with carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P sources. All isolates were gram-negative and exhibited acid production, authenticated as rhizobia. The significantly (p<0.05) highest PSI was recorded with isolate “c” and it also exhibited the highest (p<0.05) solubilized P. The isolate “c” showed potassium dihydrogen phosphate (35.1±0.46 ppm), glucose (25.47±0.49 ppm), and ammonium sulfate (3.20±0.17 ppm) as the optimum sources of P, C, and N, respectively, for achieving significantly higher phosphorus solubilization in PVK medium by thriving rhizobia “c” as an effective phosphorus solubilizer. However, further field studies are required to assess performance of rhizobia “c” before introducing it as a P solubilizing inoculum.
APPLYING GIBBONS' ARCHITECTURAL INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN APPROACH TO EVALUATE NON-PROFIT TRAINING
Authors: Martinez Seth-Aaron , Harrington Scott , Achilles Claudia , Mohammed Halah , Tjan Patricia
Published: June 2024

Perhaps the most critical layer of evaluation consisted of the structural spine of the course. This included the learning objectives, high-level course structure and design, learning activities, and assessments. The key for this layer was to determine if the spine of each course was aligned. “We don’t want scoliosis of the spine” is a phrase often echoed while evaluating this layer. (p. 5)

Through the evaluation of Humentum’s training courses, it is our belief that Gibbons’ (2013) architectural approach to instructional design can be successfully applied as a framework for evaluation. In this manner, Gibbons’ work extends to both sides of instructional design: the development and the evaluation. (p. 15)
DERMATOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. CLINICAL CASE WITH GANGRENOUS PYODERMA
Authors: Успенский Юрий Павлович , Фоминых Юлия Александровна , Кизимова Ольга Александровна , Гнутов Александр Александрович , Калинина Елена Юрьевна , Федотова Елена Павловна , Насыров Руслан Абдуллаевич , Козобин Александр Анатольевич , Гучапшев Рамазан Анзорович , Ефимов Илья Андреевич
Published: June 2024

Воспалительное заболевание кишечника — это хроническое рецидивирующее инвалидизирующее заболевание, характеризующееся поражением пищеварительной системы и нередко проявляющееся внекишечными осложнениями. Второе место среди экстраинтестинальных манифестаций после патологии опорно-двигательной системы занимает поражение кожи. Дерматологические проявления включают разнообразный спектр заболеваний, сопровождающихся бессимптомным течением или выраженными клиническими проявлениями, требующими оказания специализированной медицинской помощи. Наиболее частыми кожными проявлениями являются узловатая эритема, гангренозная пиодермия и афтозный стоматит. В данной статье представлен клинический случай развития гангренозной пиодермии у пациента с дебютом язвенного колита и подробным описанием эволюции  морфологических элементов на коже, динамики заболевания и лечения.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing, disabling disease characterized by damage to the digestive system and often manifested by extraintestinal complications. In second place among extraintestinal manifestations after the pathology of the musculoskeletal system is skin lesions. Dermatological manifestations include a diverse range of diseases, accompanied by asymptomatic course or severe clinical manifestations, requiring the provision of specialized medical care. The most common skin manifestations are erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, and aphthous stomatitis. This article presents a clinical case of the development of pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with the onset of ulcerative colitis with a detailed description of the evolution of morphological elements on the skin, the dynamics of the disease and treatment.
MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Etefia Etefia , Inyang-Etoh Paul
Published: June 2024

Разработка лицензированных вакцин против малярии являлась сложной задачей из-за многоступенчатого жизненного цикла, антигенной изменчивости и большого генетического разнообразия плазмодия, что создавало проблему подбора подходящего кандидата на вакцину среди тысяч антигенов плазмодия. Разработано несколько вакцин для различных стадий плазмодия, которые включают вакцину на предэритроцитарной стадии, вакцины на стадии крови с использованием белков плазмодия, вакцины из плаценты и вакцины, блокирующие передачу инфекции (TBV), которые подавляют половую стадию развития малярийных паразитов. Однако нет такой вакцины, которая являлась бы полностью эффективной и обладала высокой реактогенностью. Из-за неспособности разработать эффективные вакцины для борьбы с одной стадией жизненного цикла плазмодия продолжается разработка эффективной многоступенчатой или многовалентной вакцины против малярии (Мультимальвакс), которая могла бы стать наилучшим подходом для нейтрализации спорозоитов, превращающихся в мерозоиты, а также мерозоитов, выходящих из гепатоцитов и эритроцитов, для прекращения распространения спорозоитов и блокирования половой стадии развития малярийного плазмодия. Таким образом, глубокое понимание потенциальных мишеней вакцины и того, как действует иммунитет, является ключевым этапом разработки полностью эффективной вакцины против малярии.

This is a review on malaria vaccine development: challenges and prospects. The development of licensed malaria vaccines has been challenging because of the multi-stage life cycle, antigenic variation, and great genetic diversity of Plasmodium making it difficult for the right vaccine candidate among the thousands antigens of Plasmodium. Several vaccines for different stages of Plasmodium which include pre-erthrocytic stage vaccine, blood stage vaccines, using Plasmodium proteins, placenta vaccines and transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) which inhibit sexual stage of malaria parasites. However, none of these vaccines are completely effective and have high reactogenicity. Due to the failure to formulate effective vaccines to tackle a single stage of Plasmodium life cycle, the development of effective multistage or multivalent malaria vaccine (MultiMalVax) is ongoing which could be the best approach to neutralize the sporozoites from developing to merozoites; and the merozoites emerging from hepatocytes and erythrocytes and; to break the sexual stage transmission. Therefore, great understanding of the potential vaccine targets and how immunity acts is a key road-map to develop a fully effective vaccine against malaria.
DYSLIPIDEMIA IS A RISK FACTOR FOR ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN OBESITY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Разгоняева Анастасия Евгеньевна , Евдокимова Нина Викторовна
Published: June 2024

Дислипидемия (ДЛП) — нарушение физиологичного обмена липидов и липопротеинов. При разных вариациях дислипидемии может наблюдаться как повышение содержания липидов и липопротеинов выше нормального значения, так и снижение каких-то показателей липидограммы, например, концентрации липопротеинов высокой плотности (ЛПВП). Такие патологические нарушения жирового обмена могут быть вызваны первичными (генетическими) и вторичными (приобретенными) факторами. Приобретенная дислипидемия выявляется чаще первичной и может быть детерминирована, в первую очередь, инсулинорезистентностью и взаимосвязанными с ней состояниями: артериальной гипертензией (АГ), ожирением, сахарным диабетом (СД). Важно отметить, что дальнейшие исследования связи дислипидемии как одного из факторов развития АГ при ожирении в детском возрасте будут иметь большое значение в медицине.

Dyslipidemia (DLP) is a disorder of the physiological metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. With different variations of dyslipidemia, both an increase in the content of lipids and lipoproteins above the normal value, and a decrease in some lipid profile indicators, for example, the concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), can be observed. Such pathological disorders of fat metabolism can be caused by primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) factors. Acquired dyslipidemia is detected more often than primary dyslipidemia and can be determined primarily by insulin resistance and related conditions: arterial hypertension (AH), obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM). It is important to note that further studies of the relationship between dyslipidemia as one of the factors in the development of hypertension in childhood obesity will be of great importance in medicine.
The CATI team: Experiences and reflections regarding the co-action of arts therapies
Authors: Athanasiadou Foteini , Kagiafa Diana , Karkou Vicky , Lykopoulou Mytro , Babalis Tasos  , Bitzaraki Aggeliki , Bouzoti Candia , Sampathianaki Ergina , Tsiris Giorgos
Published: June 2024

This article describes the trajectory of the CATI team – a team of Greek arts therapists who work in Greece and the UK. In addition to a historic documentation of the team’s work since 2011, personal experiences and reflections of the team members are described, as these emerged through an artistic inquiry process. Drawing from the work and experiences of the CATI team, the authors set questions and offer suggestions regarding interdisciplinary collaboration while considering the broader field of arts therapies not only in Greece but also internationally.
An appendix is also available here: https://youtu.be/eauB21Fy3co .
Penyaluran Pembiayaan KUR Syariah dalam Upaya Penambahan Modal Guna Keberlangsungan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Pada PT. Pegadaian UPC Mare
Authors: Restiani Vira , Marzuki Sitti Nikmah , Jumriani Jumriani
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur penyaluran pembiayaan KUR Syariah dan dampak pembiayaan KUR Syariah terhadap ke berlangsungan UMKM pada PT. Pegadaian UPC Mare. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan ekonomi islam yang didukung dengan penggunaan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dalam mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah dengan langkah-langkah yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data/penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur penyaluran pembiayaan KUR Syariah ada tujuh yakni persiapan program, pendaftaran peminjam, evaluasi kelayakan, penyediaan pembiayaan, pengawasan dan pendampingan, pelaporan dan monitoring, dan pengembalian pembiayaan. Prosedur penyaluran pembiayaan KUR Syariah tersebut telah terstruktur serta telah tertuang dalam dokumen yang sah, serta dalam pengelolaan penyaluran pembiayaan KUR Syariah prosedur tersebut menjadi acuan sampai dengan tahapan pencairaffn hingga pada tahapan angsuran pembiayaan. Kemudian dampak pembiayaan KUR Syariah terhadap keberlangsungan UMKM diantaranya meningkatkan akses permodalan, pemberdayaan ekonomi, peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas serta pengembangan komunitas diantaranya menjaga kestabilan usaha, memperkuat permodalan usaha, meningkatkan pendapatan serta memperlancar kegiatan operasional usaha. Namun peningkatan pendapatan yang diperoleh oleh nasabah masih belum konsisten dimana ada beberapa faktor tertentu yang menyebabkan hal demikian seperti faktor musim, persaingan usaha yang semakin banyak serta faktor lokasi tempat usaha.
Endoscopic treatment of benign tracheal stenosis: a single-centre study
Authors: Kather Deniz , Steinack Carolin , Franzen Daniel P.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Benign tracheal stenosis is relatively rare but remains a significant chronic disease due to its drastic symptoms including dyspnoea and inspiratory stridor, and consequent negative effect on quality of life. Traditionally, the surgical approach by resection of the stenotic tracheal segment has been the therapy of choice. However, endoscopic techniques have arisen and may offer a safe and less invasive alternative.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the retrospective study was to evaluate procedure-related safety and outcome of endoscopic treatment of benign tracheal stenosis at a single centre.
METHODS: The study included all patients at our institution who between 2013 and 2022 had received endoscopic treatment of benign tracheal stenosis by rigid tracheoscopy, radial incision by electric papillotomy needle and dilation (endoscopic tracheoplasty) followed by triamcinolone acetonide as a local submucosal injection and additionally, from 2020, budesonide inhalation.
RESULTS:A total of 22 patients were treated in a total of 38 interventions, each resulting in immediate improvement of symptoms. There were no peri-interventional complications or mortality. Of the 38 interventions, 11 received no triamcinolone acetonide administration, resulting in a 54.5% recurrence rate after an average of 21.1 (±18.0) months, while 27 had local triamcinolone acetonide, with a 37% recurrence rate. Since 2020, we additionally initiated post-interventional budesonide inhalation as recurrence prophylaxis for newly admitted patients and patients with recurrences(n = 8), of whom only one (12.5%) has to date experienced a recurrence.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that endoscopic tracheoplasty offers a safe and successful, minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for patients with benign tracheal stenosis. We recommend local administration of triamcinolone into the mucosa as an additional treatment to decrease the risk of recurrence. However, given the uncontrolled study design and low sample size, safety and effectiveness cannot be conclusively demonstrated. Nonetheless, our findings suggest promising avenues for further investigation. Further studies on the additional benefit of inhaled corticosteroids are warranted.
Über die Privatrechtskodifikationen im kulturhistorischen Spiegel
Authors: Vékás Lajos
Published: June 2024

The following article by Prof. Lajos Vékás deals with the historical backgrounds of European civil law codifications, as well as their range and impacts on nowadays’ societies. Firstly, the article characterizes the traits and values of private law codifications by applying the word “canon“, defined as a mandatory and fixed rule by comparing the accomplishment of renaissance art, that captured fundamental mediations of ancient art in a modernizing way with the accomplishment of private law codifications that have systematized the ancient rules of roman law. Secondly, the article highlights the challenges of a comprehensive and coherent codification of a civil code and its advantages over a casuistic unfixed rule of law, especially mentioning the influence of codifications on the demand of legislative, as well as judiciary action. Besides, the article concerns the impacts, as well as the range of a private law codification on social relations in general. Hereby, the author illustrates the similarities and differences between private law codifications and constitutions and their effects on the institutional development of societies in European countries. Moreover, the article emphasizes the key role of social life of private law codifications, by considering the civil law legislation, which sets the basic frame of social life while defining absolute rights, whereby the author compares the Hungarian civil code to other historically significant civil law codifications. Furthermore, the author emphasizes the essential role of civil codes by setting up unity and sovereignty to European states. In that context, the author also mentions the potential of the civil law harmonization attempts by the European Union to realize a gradual unification between the laws of European countries.
Lawyers in the Service of Clio
Authors: Bilinski Piotr
Published: June 2024

The article written by Piotr Biliński deals in detail with the development of Polish law at the Jagiellonian University. He describes in detail the beginnings and development of legal research at the Jagiellonian University. The careers of several people working at the chair of the history of Polish law are described and other people relevant to the development are also mentioned. The text describes how these people came to the university and what activities they did there for legal research. The essay contains detailed information about the lives of these relevant historians of Polish law. The focus in the article is on their legal activities. The most important publications and works of these people and their influence on history are also listed and explained.
Das ultima ratio-Prinzip im Strafrecht
Authors: Eckardt Sebastian
Published: June 2024

Criminal law is a necessary component of modern societies. Nevertheless, since punishment is particularly intrusive, it should only be used as the ultima ratio of state intervention. Current criminal policy efforts run counter to this commitment. New and more punitive offenses are being introduced, as evidenced by §§ 113, 114 StGB. These tendencies can be countered with the argument of the ultima ratio principle, which calls for a moderate use of criminal law, especially when considering the disintegrative effects of punishment. It addresses both the legislature and the judiciary, which has a strong influence on the social impact of criminal law.
Arnold Brechts Staatsverständnis in Praxis und Theorie
Authors: Ruck Michael
Published: June 2024

From 1918/19, Arnold Brecht (1884–1977) worked as a republican administration moderniser and imperial reformer. In 1932/33, his attempt to use legal means to save democratic state power from being usurped by national rights failed. After then, Brecht worked as an administrative and political scientist in exile in North America. There, he persistently campaigned for the future reconstruction of a democratic constitutional state in Germany. He accompanied the emerging Federal Republic with personal initiatives. The essays in this book honour Brecht's contributions to the constitutional reorganisation, administrative optimisation and ideational foundation of German state authority in an international context.
Heterocycles-Based Ionic Liquids (ILs) in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Khan Lubna , Ali Rashid , Farooqui Farheen
Published: June 2024

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) have become immensely popular over the past few years owing to their safe and noninvasive administration of the drugs across the skin. The TDDSs have provided a better surrogate pathway over conventional routes such as skin patches and injections, thereby resulting in superior and easier acceptance by the patients, minimized side effects, and controlled delivery rates. While TDDSs present these advantages, they also come with their limitations, specifically in delivering both small and macro drug molecules that exhibit moderate solubility in water and/or commonly used volatile organic solvents. To subdue this obstacle, ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered as the potential media not only for the syntheses of drugs but also as suitable carriers for the efficient delivery of both small as well as macromolecules. In this particular book chapter, we have discussed the transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of various partially soluble drugs such as acyclovir, anti-inflammatory drugs like diclofenac and ibuprofen, various anticancer drugs, etc., through heterocyclic-based ILs. Moreover, some green routes for ILs syntheses, including fatty acid-based “amino acid ionic liquids” (FAAAE-ILs) and “magnetic surface-active ionic liquid surfactants” (MSAIL), have also been discussed highlighting their function as the potential transdermal drug delivery agent.
Integrons: Genetic Dynamic Elements in Aeromonas
Authors: Rojas-Rios Rogelio , Curiel-Quesada Everardo , Pérez-Valdespino Abigail
Published: June 2024

Integrons are genetic elements able to incorporate, express, and exchange cassettes. Cassette exchanges are mediated by an integrase that excises and reinserts them via site-specific recombination between flanking att sequences. Cassettes lack for the most part a promoter, and their excision and reinsertion at the attI site, downstream a Pc promoter, render them transcriptionally active. This work documents the occurrence of complete integrons or parts of them in Aeromonas and examines the dynamics of these elements. Class 1 integrons linked to antibiotic-resistant cassettes were the most abundant in strains isolated from environmental and clinical samples. Detection of class 2 and 3 integrons was infrequent. Only one report of a class 4-like integron in Aeromonas sp. genomospecies paramedia was found, but a search of these integrons in Aeromonas genomes revealed that class 4-like integrons were the second most abundant after those belonging to class 1. In addition to complete integrons, clusters of attC sites lacking a neighboring integron-integrase (CALINs), single attC sites lacking integron-integrase (SALINs), and orphan integrase genes were found in chromosomes, and a low percentage in Aeromonas plasmids. Concerning the integron behavior, it is known to be regulated by SOS response and could be also controlled by host specific factors.
Iron Assimilation Mechanisms in Aeromonas
Authors: Lemos Manuel L.
Published: June 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of iron acquisition mechanisms in Aeromonas. Two mechanisms, heme utilization and siderophore synthesis, have been extensively studied. All Aeromonas species can use heme to get iron, a mechanism facilitated by the production of hemolysins that release heme-containing molecules from host tissues. The predominant siderophore produced by most Aeromonas spp. is amonabactin, comprising a family of four different compounds. Amonabactins are internalized via FstC, an outer membrane transporter (OMT) characterized by a broad ligand plasticity. In addition to amonabactin, A. salmonicida also produces the siderophore acinetobactin, which is transported through FstB. Notably, both siderophores are concurrently produced, sharing part of the biosynthetic pathways. OMTs involved in iron acquisition hold a potential utility as tools for identification and as antigens for novel vaccines. Furthermore, synthetic derivatives of siderophores could serve as promising candidates for the development of novel antimicrobials, leveraging their specific internalization through OMTs.
The Use of Innovative Digital Mobile Health Technology for Community Eye Care in Poor Resource Settings
Authors: Emeonye Alozie , Nkwogu Florence , Okeibunor Joseph , Ibeneme Sunny
Published: June 2024

The practice of ophthalmology depends largely on ophthalmoscopy and photographic documentation of examination findings from patients. These images are used for patient education, monitoring, storage, expert reviews and treatment. In Africa, due to poor management and poor resources in some health systems, there is a dearth of infrastructure and equipment like fundus cameras. In such resource-poor settings, eye care personnel manage patients with available resources, or improvise with low-cost measures. Smartphone fundoscopy is one of such improvisations. This study describes a novel adapter for smartphone fundoscopy, used in conjunction with a tripod. It was built on existing research on smartphone fundoscopy. Fundus images were captured with a smartphone and a +20D lens, both coupled by an improvised adapter; the Chizaram-Condensing Lens Adapter for Smartphones (C-CLAS) on a tripod. This system works as an indirect ophthalmoscope. Videos of the fundus were recorded, and high-quality still-images were taken from segments of the videos. A total of 54 patients were used in the study, aged between 8 and 74 years. The C-CLAS captured high-quality fundus images from 39 patients (72%), in a variety of normal and pathological conditions. The use of a tripod rendered the procedure hands-free, introducing another dimension to smartphone fundoscopy.
Driving Operational Resilience: Perspectives from Emerging and Developing Economies
Authors: Ogah Marvel
Published: June 2024

Some organisations have supply chain ecosystems domiciled in Africa and have yet to fully recover from current global disruptions’ impacts. A critical aspect of any supply value stream is the ability to recover from internal and external shocks or vagaries that may affect its ability to provide value incrementally to its customers. Another term for this attribute is operational resilience or supply chain resilience. The chapter discourse will include the concept of supply chain resilience, incidents of supply chain disruptions, global best practices for eliciting operational resilience, and key recommendations for key stakeholders.
Importance of the C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Taş-Aygar Gamze , Ataş Hatice , Gönül Müzeyyen , Kartal Selda Pelin
Published: June 2024

Introduction: CRP/albümin ratio (CAR) has been lately demonstrated as a prognostic factor and an indicator of disease activity, severity and prognosis in solid organ malignancies and inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of CAR have not been investigated in mycosis fungoides (MF) patients yet. This study aimed to determine the potential role of CAR as a diagnostic and a prognostic indicator in MF. Methods:We retrospectively investigated the electronic medical records of 97 patients with MF admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020. In total, 60 patients with MF were enrolled in the study. CAR was evaluated, patient and control group. Also, the other clinicopathological factors including age, lactate dehydrogenase, stage of disease, beta-2-microglobulin levels, and sedimentation levels were evaluated. Results: The median value of CAR was 0.85 (0.10-7.51) in the patient group, whereas it was 0.39 (0.0-1.11)in the control group(P<0.001). Patients with disease progression (N:16, 13M, 3 F) had a median value of CAR 0.84 (0.10-7.51) and the median value of CAR (N:44) was 0.86 (0.12-4.57) in the group of patients with stable disease. The CAR value had no prognostic significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no association between the CAR and progression in the stage in MF patients. But the CAR is significantly higher in patients with MF than in the control group. The CAR can be a guide for us in cases where we have difficulty in diagnosing.
Hở van ba lá - Cập nhật vai trò của hình ảnh học: Làm sao để giải quyết những vấn đề thách thức từ chẩn đoán đến điều trị?
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hoài , Đỗ Doãn Lợi
Published: June 2024

Hở van ba lá là một bệnh lý van tim phức tạp, tỷ lệ tử vong cao phụ thuộc vào từng bệnh cảnh lâm sàng. Rất nhiều bệnh nhân được phát hiện muộn khi đã biểu hiện suy tim phải trên lâm sàng. Bệnh nhân chưa được phẫu thuật điều trị hở ba lá chiếm tỷ lệ cao. Với mong muốn giải quyết những vấn đề này, nhiều thiết bị sửa van hai lá qua đường ống thông đã được thử nghiệm và áp dụng.  Do đặc điểm cấu trúc và sinh lý của van ba lá, do thiết kế chặt chẽ của các thử nghiệm lâm sàng nên việc kết nối giữa thực hành chẩn đoán, lượng giá, hở ba lá, tối ưu hóa các cơ hội điều trị, theo dõi ghi nhận các hậu quả lâm sàng với việc thực hiện các thử nghiệm lâm sàng là một con đường phức tạp. Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi tóm tắt những điểm chính và những phương pháp quan trọng để phát hiện, lượng giá, chia giai đoạn, phân tầng nguy cơ, theo dõi sau can thiệp, đánh giá tiên lượng và hậu quả lâm sàng, đặc biệt là chức năng tim phải và những thử nghiệm lâm sàng liên quan đến can thiệp qua đường ống thông và phẫu thuật van ba lá.
Tim mạch học một năm nhìn lại: Những điểm nội bật trong lĩnh vực bệnh mạch vành năm 2023
Authors: Nguyễn Quốc Thái , Phạm Mạnh Hùng , Nguyễn Lân Việt
Published: June 2024

Trong năm qua bệnh mạch vành có khá nhiều nghiên cứu và các hướng dẫn của các hiệp hội và hội nghị lớn trên thế giới. Nổi bật nhất là chuỗi các nghiên cứu về vai trò của chẩn đoán hình ảnh trong lòng ĐMV (Intravascular Imaging) đặc biệt là OCT (chụp cắt lớp kết quang) ở bệnh nhân can thiệp ĐMV phức tạp, vị trí của chụp cắt lớp đa dãy ĐMC (CTA) trong chẩn đoán, đánh giá tổn thương và định hướng chiến lược điêu trị, nghiên cứu ORBITA-2 về can thiệp ĐMV ở BN hội chứng mạch vành mạn tính không được điều trị thuốc chống đau thắt ngực.
Cập nhật hướng dẫn quản lý viêm nội tâm mạc nhiễm khuẩn của Hội Tim mạch Châu Âu 2023 về chỉ định điều trị ngoại khoa
Authors: Phạm Quốc Đạt , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hoài , Đỗ Doãn Lợi
Published: June 2024

Kể từ Hướng dẫn về Quản lý viêm nội tâm mạc nhiễm khuẩn (VNTMNK) của Hội Tim mạch Châu Âu năm 2015 cho đến nay, có nhiều dữ liệu nghiên cứu quan trọng đã được cập nhật và công bố. Vì vậy, năm 2023 Hội Tim mạch Châu Âu đã đưa ra Hướng dẫn mới về Quản lý viêm nội tâm mạc nhiễm khuẩn nhằm cập nhật các khuyến nghị mới về chẩn đoán cũng như điều trị dựa trên các bằng chứng mới được công bố. Trong hướng dẫn mới này, bên cạnh các khuyến cáo về phòng VNTMNK, chẩn đoán và các liệu pháp điều trị chung thì vai trò của điều trị ngoại khoa ngày càng được nhấn mạnh. Trong khuân khổ bài báo này sẽ đưa ra các cập nhật mới về chỉ định điều trị ngoại khoa trong VNTMNK.
Những tiến bộ trong can thiệp qua da bệnh lý hở van hai lá hiện nay
Authors: Phạm Nhật Minh , Nguyễn Ngọc Quang , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hoài , Phạm Mạnh Hùng
Published: June 2024

Mở đầu: Can thiệp hở van hai lá hiện nay vẫn đang là thách thức lớn với các bác sĩ can thiệp tại Việt Nam cũng như trên thế giới.
Nội dung: Cho đến nay, một số nhóm giải pháp kỹ thuật đã được trình bày để sửa/ thay van hai lá qua đường ống thông, đó là: kỹ thuật kẹp hai bờ van (MitraClip, Pascal); kỹ thuật tạo hình vòng van gián tiếp (Carillon); Kỹ thuật tạo hình vòng van trực tiếp (Millipede, Cardioband); kỹ thuật cấy dây chằng van hai lá (Neochord, Harpoon); kỹ thuật thay van hai lá qua da (Intrepid, Tendyne, Tiara, Sapien M3...).
Kết luận: Qua nghiên cứu các thiết bị mới trong can thiệp qua da van hai lá, có thể nói đây là lĩnh vực còn rất mới mẻ, còn đang được nghiên cứu và phát triển trên toàn thế giới. Cho đến nay kỹ thuật “kẹp” hai bờ van (MitraClip) vẫn là kỹ thuật chủ đạo trong sửa van hai lá nguyên phát và thứ phát, với nhiều nghiên cứu nhất và khuyến cáo ủng hộ của cả ACC/ESC.
Các cập nhật về Rung nhĩ năm 2023
Authors: Lê Võ Kiên , Phan Đình Phong , Phạm Trần Linh
Published: June 2024

Rung nhĩ là một trong các rối loạn nhịp phổ biến và phức tạp nhất. Rung nhĩ đã, đang và sẽ là gánh nặng y tế to lớn trong các cộng đồng, đặc biệt ở nhóm người cao tuổi. Tỷ lệ các biến cố tim mạch và tử vong liên quan đến rung nhĩ đang ngày càng tăng, kéo theo chi phí y tế khổng lồ dành cho chăm sóc và điều trị bệnh nhân rung nhĩ. Các nghiên cứu ở Hoa Kỳ cho thấy, số ca mắc rung nhĩ ước đến 5,6 triệu ca vào năm 2050.1 Còn ở Châu Âu, số ca rung nhĩ dự báo sẽ tăng gấp đôi vào năm 2060 so với con số 9 triệu ca hiện nay. 2
Các nhà nghiên cứu, các công ty dược phẩm và thiết bị y tế đang đầu tư rất nhiều nguồn lực vào các nghiên cứu liên quan đến bệnh sinh rung nhĩ, các phương pháp điều trị rung nhĩ, ngăn ngừa tái phát rung nhĩ và các phương thức giảm thiểu các biến cố tim mạch liên quan đến rung nhĩ. Các hiệp hội chuyên ngành lớn trong lĩnh vực Tim mạch trên thế giới như Hội Tim mạch Châu Âu, Hội Tim mạch Hoa Kỳ/Trường môn Tim mạch học Hoa Kỳ cũng dành rất nhiều tâm huyết cho việc liên tục cập nhật và biên soạn các Khuyến cáo thực hành chẩn đoán và điều trị rung nhĩ.
Trong khuôn khổ bài viết này, chúng tôi xin được chọn lọc và bàn luận một số khía cạnh mới và quan trọng trong tiếp cận chẩn đoán và điều trị rung nhĩ cho đến thời điểm kết thúc năm 2023, cũng như một số phương pháp điều trị can thiệp rung nhĩ đang dần trở nên phổ biến trên toàn thế giới.
Hỗ trợ tuần hoàn cơ học trong sốc tim
Authors: Phạm Minh Tuấn , Tạ Mạnh Cường
Published: June 2024

Sốc tim là một tình trạng bệnh lý phức tạp và đa dạng, đặc trưng bởi khả năng co bóp cơ tim bị suy giảm. Mục tiêu điều trị sốc tim là cải thiện các rối loạn huyết động bất thường và duy trì tưới máu mô đầy đủ. Nếu huyết áp thấp và tưới máu mô không đầy đủ vẫn tồn tại bất chấp liệu pháp ban đầu, hỗ trợ tuần hoàn cơ học tạm thời (t-MCS) nên được bắt đầu. Thập kỷ này chứng kiến sự khởi đầu của một kỷ nguyên mới về quản lý sốc tim bằng cách sử dụng t-MCS thông qua kinh nghiệm tích lũy được với việc sử dụng bơm bóng động mạch chủ (IABP) và oxy hóa màng ngoài cơ thể động-tĩnh mạch (VA-ECMO), cũng như các thiết bị hoặc hệ thống cách mạng mới như bơm dòng chảy trục xuyên van (Impella) và kết hợp VA-ECMO và Impella (ECPELLA) dựa trên kiến thức về sinh lý học tuần hoàn. Trong giai đoạn chuyển tiếp này, chúng tôi điều chỉnh chiến lược quản lý sốc tim bằng t-MCS. Chiến lược quản lý liên quan đến việc lựa chọn cẩn thận một hoặc kết hợp các thiết bị t-MCS, tuỳ thuốc đặc điểm của từng thiết bị và tình trạng bệnh lý cụ thể. Việc lựa chọn này được hướng dẫn bởi việc theo dõi huyết động học, phân loại giai đoạn sốc, phân tầng nguy cơ và quản lý phối hợp bởi đội sốc đa ngành.