bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Holistic Approach in Re-Mining Old Tailings Deposits for The Supply of Critical Metals: A Portuguese Case
Authors: Figueiredo Janine , Vila M. Cristina , Fiúza António , Góis Joaquim , Futuro Aurora , Dinis M. Lurdes , Martins Diogo
Published: August 2019

The growth of demand for metallic minerals has faced with the need for new techniques and improving technologies for all mine life cycle operations. Nowadays, the exploitation of old tailings and mine wastes facilities could represent a solution to this demand, with economic and environmental advantages. W-Sn Panasqueira Mine has been operating for more than 100 years. Its first processing plant “Rio” was located near Zêrere river being the mineral processing residues deposited on the top hillside on the margin of this river in Cabeço do Pião tailings dam. The lack of maintenance and monitoring of this enormous structure in the last twenty years represents high risks to the environment and population of the surrounding region. The re-mining of the tailings by hydrometallurgical methods was considered, in order to satisfy these two enounced conditions - metals demand and environmental risk, aiming for the sale of the metal to pay the environmental intervention. Field samples campaign allowed collecting data and results from laboratory tests driving to use regression optimization. The re-mining solution was studied, taking into account the technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects.
Installation of New GNSS Network Around Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan: Its Perspective and the First Result
Authors: Noguchi Rina , Nishizawa Tatsuji , Kanda Wataru , Ohkura Takahiro , Terada Akihiko ,   Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan,   Volcanic Fluid Research Center, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan,   Aso Volcanological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Published: August 2019

Crustal deformation is essential information for monitoring volcanic activity. In the summit area of the Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano (KSV), a dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network has been operating near the recent volcanic center, Yugama crater. This network is sensitive to shallow depth activity, such as phreatic eruptions at the summit area, but is not applicable to deep magmatic activity, suggested to have been occurring for thousands of years by recent geological studies. Aiming to detect magmatic activity at a certain depth, we installed a new GNSS network near KSV. The observation sites were selected based on the crustal deformation pattern calculated for several intrusive events of the deep-seated magma. First, the GNSS sites for campaign observation were installed at eight locations in 2017. Then, four continuous sites commenced operation after a phreatic eruption at Mt. Motoshirane in January 2018. Here, we show the results of the first and second observation campaigns, operating in October 2017 and February 2018. Coordinate values are computed by precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) analysis and are used to calculate the displacement and the baseline length change during this period. The uncertainties of the calculated coordinate values are sufficiently small (less than 4.5 mm) except at some sites for which the data possibly include multipath errors due to trees and snow. Although any deformation associated with the 2018 eruption of Mt. Motoshirane is not detected, subsequent observations would contribute to monitoring long-term activity near KSV.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FACEBOOK TOWARDS STUDENT’S WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AND VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Gailea Nurhaedah , Masrupi Masrupi
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of facebook towards students’ writing recount text and vocabulary mastery. This paper used a true experimental research. Two classes of eighth grade from SMP Negeri 1 Labuan were selected as the experimental group and control group. Both are consisted 60 students. In the process of experiment, one class has been taught by using facebook, meanwhile the other taught by using conventional media. The research method used the true experimental, technique sampling is random, data collection techniques uses abilities test writing skill and abilities test vocabulary mastery, data analysis is done by statistics MANOVA (Multivariate analysis of variants). The results concluded that: 1) there is a significant effect of facebook towards students’ writing skill and vocabulary mastery multivariate; 2) there is a significant effect of facebook towards students’ writing skill; and 3) there is a significant effect of facebook towards vocabulary mastery. The results of the study imply that there are significant differences between students’ Writing recount text and vocabulary mastery, students group use facebook media with capabilities students’ writing skill and vocabulary mastery group of students who were given conventional learning media.

Keywords: facebook, writing recount text, vocabulary mastery
Mycobacterium wolinskyi: A Rare Strain Isolated in a Persistent Prosthetic Knee Joint Infection
Authors: Bhatnagar Nishit , Poojary Aruna , Maniar Adit , Contractor Armaity , Rohra Seema , Kumar Gaurav
Published: August 2019

Case:

A patient who underwent first-stage revision procedure elsewhere for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee with Kocuria rosea presented to us 9 months after the index surgery, with persistent infection. First-stage revision surgery was repeated and Mycobacterium wolinskyi, a rare rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (RGM), was isolated from samples obtained by sonication of the cement spacer. After a prolonged antibiotic course, definitive implantation surgery was done. One-year postimplantation, patient remains infection free.

Conclusions:

This is only the second known case of knee PJI caused by M. wolinskyi. This case highlights the possibility of RGM getting masked by other organisms.
ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL HEALTH CARE IN THREE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA, 2018
Authors: Wibowo Adik , Diniawati Evita , Sein Than Tun
Published: August 2019

The National Traditional Health Care set up three objectives for its implementation at the health centers, whereby health staff to be trained on traditional health and provide accupressure care, able to collect data, register and provide technical guidance to traditional healers and guide individuals in the use of traditional medicine and herbs. This qualitative research  aimed to analyze the implementation of traditional health care at 3 subdistrict health centers Ciomas, Ciawi and Caringin in district Bogor. Data was collected  through document analysis, observation and indepth inteview. Each health center has trained staff in accupressure but care is hindered by lack of room and community prefers to go to traditional masseur. Data collection, registration and technical guidance to traditional healers exist due to support from local funding. Individual guidance on the use of traditional medicine and herbs do not happen due to no fund for home visits. Traditional health care at health centers to focus on the activity that is working which is data collection, registration  and technical guidance to traditional healers. District Health Office Bogor should develop local policy and Standard Operating Procedure for traditional health care at health centers.
BEHAVIOR PROBLEM IMPACT TO DECREASING KIDNEY FUNCTION AMONG MIGRANT WORKERS
Authors: Isroin Laily , Suandika Made
Published: August 2019

Indonesian Workers were undergoing 18% of hemodyalysis from the number of hemodyalysis patients. They did not know about CRF. The study aimed to analyze the behavior of migrant workers who were suffering hemodyalysis. The study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, that is carried out on former migrant workers who suffer from chronic kidney failure. Indepth interview used as data collection. While data validation used triangulation and confirmability. Data analysis techniques was done by reducing and interpreting the data. The study show migrant workers behavior before becoming migrant workers were very pathetic. They often drunk kind of energy drinks. Further, following the lifestyles of migrant countries such as drinking alcohol, soft drinks, fast food becoming their routine activities as lack of drinking water, vegetables, fruit, and also rarely did exercises. Migran workers activities influenced by the work system and individual interests to get excess income, then they chose to work overtime as their priority. In conclusion, the problem of migrant workers' behavior and hypertensive hereditary disease has an impact on decreasing kidney function. Migrant workers have no knowledge of healthy lifestyles and CRF. Wrong perceptions and attitudes of migrant workers to support culture in migrant countries.
Effects of Son Preference on Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoq Mohammad Nazmul
Published: August 2019

Son preference resulting from traditional beliefs, social customs and economic benefits including support of aging parents is widespread not only in Bangladesh but also in many Asian and African countries, which are believed for low levels of contraceptive use. To carry out the research task effectively and efficiently, the research work extracted 16,858 currently married women aged 15-49 out of 17,863 ever-married women from a nationally representative 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey Data (BDHS, 2014) set. Levels of contraceptive prevalence rate of the respondents having only daughters is found only 48.4, which is remarkably lower than the national average (62.4) because of son preference. The analysis reveals that son preference is variant regarding of place of residence and socioeconomic background. Son preference is stronger among illiterate, nonworking women and women above 40 years of age. Moreover, Muslim women have a strong son preference than their Non-Muslim counterparts. The desire for sons can be reduced by making daughters and sons equally dear to parents and also in society.
Clinical and pathological features of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with focal segmental sclerosis
Authors: li jiatong , Chen Bing , Gao Caifeng , Huang Jing , Wang Yongmei , Zhang Shiyin , Xu Ying , Guo Wenkai , Wang Rong
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background To investigate clinical and pathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with focal segmental lesions.
Methods In our hospital, 305 patients with biopsy-proven IMN were divided into a non-focal segmental lesion group (FSGS- group) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) group (FSGS+ group) and retrospectively analyzed. The general clinical and pathological data of both groups were compared, and the effects of different treatment schemes on the prognosis of both groups were observed.
Results The FSGS+ group had longer disease course; higher blood pressure levels; and higher serum creatinine andβ2-microglobulin levels than the FSGS- group (all P < 0.05). Pathologically, the FSGS+ group had increased glomerular sclerosis, glomerular mesangial hyperplasia, acute tubular lesion and chronic tubular lesion rates (all P< 0.05). The remission rate was lower in the FSGS+ group than in the FSGS- group（64.7% vs 82.2%) and was lower in association with calmodulin inhibitors than with cyclophosphamide in the FSGS+ group (P < 0.01). Survival analysis showed that the FSGS+ group had a poor prognosis（χ2=4.377，P=0.036). Risk factor analysis suggested that age at renal biopsy (P=0.006), 24-hour urinary protein quantity (P=0.01), chronic tubulointerstitial lesions (P=0.055), and FSGS lesions (P= 0.062) were risk factors for renal death; 24-hour urinary protein quantity was an independent risk factor for renal death.
Conclusions Membranous nephropathy with FSGS is a risk factor for IMN but not an independent risk factor. Patients with membranous nephropathy with FSGS often present hypertension and tubule injury. Nonselective cyclophosphamide is preferred, and calcineurin inhibitors should be used with caution.
Key words Idiopathic membranous nephropathy; focal segmental sclerosis; cyclophosphamide; calmodulin inhibitor; prognosis;
Immune cell infiltration characteristics and related core genes in lupus nephritis: results from bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Cao Yiling , Tang Weihao , Tang Wanxin
Published: August 2019

Objects Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that presents a high risk of end-stage renal disease. In the present study, we used CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of gene expression profiles to identify immune cell infiltration characteristics and related core genes in LN.
Methods Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE32591 and GSE113342, were downloaded for further analysis. The GSE32591 dataset, which included 32 LN glomerular biopsy tissues and 14 glomerular tissues of living donors, was analyzed by CIBERSORT. Different immune cell types in LN were analyzed by the Limma software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis based on GSEA were performed by clusterProfiler software. Lists of core genes were derived from Spearman correlation between the most significant GO term and differentially expressed immune cell gene from CIBERSORT. GSE113342 was employed to validate the association between selected core genes and clinical manifestation.
Result Five types of immune cells revealed important associations with LN, and monocytes emerged to be the prominent differences. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that immune response pathways are significantly enriched in LN. The Spearman correlation indicated that 15 genes, including FCER1G, CLEC7A, MARCO, CLEC7A, PSMB9, and PSMB8, were closely related to clinical features.
Conclusion This study is the first to identify immune cell infiltration with microarray data of glomeruli in LN by using CIBERSORT analysis and provides novel evidence and clues for further research of the molecular mechanisms of LN.
Multiple Iterative Labeling by Antibody Neodeposition (MILAN)
Authors: Cattoretti Giorgio , Bosisio Francesca Maria , Marcelis Lukas , Bolognesi Maddalena Maria
Published: August 2019

Multiplexing, labeling for multiple immunostains the very same cell or tissue section in situ, is of considerable interest. The major obstacles to the diffusion of this technique are high costs in custom antibodies and instruments, low throughput, scarcity of specialized skills or facilities.

We have validated and detail here a method based on common primary and secondary antibodies, diffusely available fluorescent image scanners and routinely processed tissue sections \(FFPE). It entails rounds of four-color indirect immunofluorescence, image acquisition and removal \(stripping) of the antibodies, before another stain is applied. The images are digitally registered and the autofluorescence is subtracted. Removal of antibodies is accomplished by disulphide cleavage. In excess of 50 different antibody stains can be applied to one single section from routinely fixed and embedded tissue. This method requires a modest investment in hardware and materials and uses freeware image analysis software.
DETERMINATION OF SAFETY INDICATORS IN THE DEVELOPED MUFFINS WITH NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Kovalchuk Khrystyna , Ozimok Halyna , Mariychuk Ruslan , Gyrka Olga , Bodak Mykhailo , Palko Nataliya , Davydovych Oksana , Tkachenko Alina , Huba Liudmyla
Published: August 2019

The aim of research is studying the effect of unconventional raw materials (buckwheat, oatmeal, rye, corn, milk whey, skimmed milk powder, propolis, flower pollen, bean powder, sesame oil, pumpkin seed oil, walnut oil, walnut kernels, candied fruit mixes (apple-cherry fruits of bilberries, natural honey with floral pollen, natural honey with propolis) for the quality and safety of new muffins. The article analyzes the results of the study of the quality and safety indicators of muffins of improved composition, manufactured using non-traditional raw materials. For the preparation of new types of muffins, part of the wheat flour was replaced with buckwheat, corn, oat, milk whey, skimmed milk powder and additives of vegetable origin. Margarine has been replaced by vegetable oils. It has been established that flour confectionery products have high organoleptic properties. From the physico-chemical parameters, the mass fraction of total sugar was determined, which ranged from 28.17 % to 33.07 %, the mass fraction of fat – 16.2–20.66 %, the mass fraction of moisture – 18.0–22.0, mass fraction of ash – 0.03–1.3 %, alkalinity – 0.03–1.8°, the content of toxic elements (copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury) and microbiological indicators were also determined. Based on the data obtained as a research result, the expediency of using non-traditional raw materials to expand the range of flour confectionery products, in particular muffins is substantiated.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF BUCKWHEAT FLOUR AND FLAX SEEDS ON CONSUMPTION PROPERTIES OF LONG-STORED BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors: Bondarenko Yulia , Mykhonik Larysa , Bilyk Olena , Kochubei-Lytvynenko Oksana , Andronovich Galina , Hetman Inna
Published: August 2019

Rusk and ring-shaped bakery products relate to the group of long-stored ones. For today it is urgent to use ingredients that give products functional properties in food technologies. The important source of food fibers, full-value protein, unsaturated fatty acids, mineral substances and vitamins are grain and oil-bearing crops. Buckwheat and flax seeds are separated among them due to the valuable chemical composition and positive effect on the human organism.

The aim of the work was to establish the influence of buckwheat flour and flax seeds on the technological process course and quality of long-stored bakery products.

Buckwheat flour of green and dark buckwheat of TM “Organic-Eco-Product” (Ukraine) is used in the rusk technology. For producing ring-shaped products (ring-shaped crackers), gold flax seeds were used.

Research results testify that good quality parameters of bread for producing rusks from it, were achieved at dosing green buckwheat seeds as 20 % and dark ones as 15 % instead of the flour mass.

It has been established, that rusks with adding green buckwheat flour have quality parameters, corresponding to requirements of normative documents.

It has been proven, that it is not expedient to use dark buckwheat flour in the rusk technology, because ready products have the increased water share and soaking index. It is connected with the influence of the operation of hydrothermal processing of grains that dark buckwheat flour is produced of, its high water-absorbing and water-retaining capacities.

For the technology of ring-shaped crackers, enriched with flax seeds, it is recommended to dose flax seeds as 15 % of the flour mass. At such dosage bakery products got the highest number of points by the complex quality parameter and corresponded to requirements of normative documents.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Residue Management in Sugarcane Production
Authors: Dattamudi Sanku , Wang Jim Jian , Dodla Syam K. , Viator H. P. , DeLaune Ron , Hiscox April , Darapuneni Murali , Jeong Changyoon , Colyer Patrick
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Application of urea led to higher N2O emissions than urea–ammonium nitrate in sugarcane.

Residue retention led to higher N2O and CH4 emissions irrespective of N source.

Both N source and residue management did not affect CO2 emissions.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a major row‐crop in the southern United States with high rates of N‐fertilizer application and unique harvest‐residue management. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted to investigate different N‐fertilizer effects (urea and urea ammonium nitrate, UAN) and harvest‐residue managements (residue‐retain, RR, and residue‐burn, RB) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils under sugarcane production. In 2012, a split‐plot design experiment was conducted with residue managements as main‐plots and N‐sources as sub‐plots. In 2013, two experiments were conducted to investigate UAN effect under RR and RB, and N‐source effect under RB on GHG emissions. Nitrogen was applied at 135 and 157 kg ha‒1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Soil GHG emissions were monitored using a closed chamber method. Results showed the majority of N2O emissions occurred within 4 wk after N‐application. Average N2O emissions from urea‐treated plots were 1.43 to 1.67 times higher compared with UAN for 2 yr. Urea had a N2O emission factor of 3.52 and 4.45% under RB and RR, respectively, whereas UAN had 1.67 and 2.46% under the same residue management. Higher N2O emission under RR treatment was supported by 15 to 20% more water‐filled pore space (WFPS) in soil than RB plots, which also increased CH4 emissions. Higher correlation was found between N2O emission and WFPS in 2012 compared with 2013 (r2 = 0.52 vs. 0.36) because a majority of the rainfall in 2012 was received within 3 wk following N application. Nitrogen sources had no effect on CH4 and CO2 emissions.
Comparing Methods for Overseeding Winter Rye into Standing Soybean
Authors: Wilson Melissa L. , Allan Deborah L. , Baker John M. , Pagliari Paulo H.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Several methods of overseeding a winter rye cover crop into soybean were tested.

Tractor‐mounted seeders reduced soybean yield by 4% relative to an aerial seeder.

Each seeder was equally variable across the seeding path with an average CV of 34%.

Rye growth was influenced by weather and possibly by seeding density (a covariate).

Seeding rate and timing may be more important factors than choice of equipment.

In the upper Midwest, short growing seasons make it difficult to establish cover crops in corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations. Overseeding before cash crop harvest may allow more time for growth, but practical methods need to be evaluated. Over 2 yr, this study assessed three winter rye (Secale cereale L.) overseeding techniques into standing soybean in mid‐September: aerial seeding (AS), tractor‐mounted air‐flow spreader (TAF), and tractor‐mounted fertilizer broadcast spreader (TBS). All treatments had equal variability in seeding density across plots. When rye was overseeded using the TAF and TBS treatments, soybean yield was reduced by approximately 4% relative to the AS treatment. In spring, seeding treatments impacted aboveground biomass production and N uptake in a year with good growing conditions (2010–2011), but not in a year with poor growth conditions (2011–2012). The impact of seeding method in the first year of the study was more likely due to differences in seeding density of the treatments, which was used as a covariate in this study. In a year with good growing conditions, the treatments with lower seeding densities had more spring biomass production, likely due to compensatory growth. Overall, measured values of aboveground biomass ranged from 39 to 467 kg ha−1, whereas aboveground N uptake ranged from 2.1 to 15.3 kg ha−1. Based on these findings, research efforts should focus on evaluating optimal seeding rates and timing, rather than choice of seeding method, to reduce impact on soybean yields and maximize cover crop benefits.
Management Considerations for Palmer Amaranth in a Northern Great Plains Soybean Production System
Authors: Van De Stroet Brian , Clay Sharon A.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Soybean yield loss in South Dakota was dependent on Palmer amaranth density if it emerged before canopy closure.

Soybean yield losses were not Palmer amaranth density dependent when it emerged at the R2 soybean growth stage.

The relative growth rate of Palmer amaranth was rapid and suggests a limited period for effective post‐emergence control.

The South Dakota biotype was insensitive to several broadleaf herbicides that typically are recommended for Palmer amaranth control.

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) was first observed in a South Dakota field in 2015. This study assessed Palmer amaranth growth based on planting date (PD), impact on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, and response of seedlings of South Dakota biotype seedlings to herbicides with different mechanisms of action (MOA). Soybean yield loss was influenced by Palmer amaranth density in 2016 (p = 0.001), with yield losses of 33% at densities greater than 15 plants m−2 (R2 = 0.65), although yield losses at low densities were greater than predicted by the fitted model. In 2017, yield loss was not correlated to Palmer amaranth density when Palmer amaranth established later in the season. Relative growth rates (RGR) of Palmer amaranth (based on plant volumes) were rapid just after transplanting, irrespective of the initial PD (ranging from mid‐May to mid‐June). Late‐planted cohorts had lower final volumes (0.23 m3) at August harvest compared with early planted cohorts (6.5 m3), but even late‐planted cohorts were two to three times larger than other common South Dakota Amaranth species [A. retroflexus L. and A. tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], which emerged at similar times. In greenhouse studies, labeled rates of atrazine (6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine), glyphosate (N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine)), and mesotrione (2‐[4‐(methysulfonyl)‐2‐nitrobenzoyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione) did not control Palmer amaranth plants grown from SD biotype seed, but were controlled with S‐metolachlor (2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐[(1S)‐2‐methoxy‐1‐methyethyl]acetamide), dicamba [3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid], and glufosinate (2‐amino‐4(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid). However, Palmer amaranth biotypes resistant to S‐metolachlor, dicamba, and several other herbicides have been reported, so techniques to limit future herbicide resistance should be followed.
Phosphorus in Agriculture: A Review of Results from 175 Years of Research at Rothamsted, UK
Authors: Johnston A. E. , Poulton P. R.
Published: August 2019

Insight into the role of phosphorus (P) in soil fertility and crop nutrition at Rothamsted, UK, and its involvement in associated environmental issues, has come from long‐term field experiments initially started by J. B. Lawes in 1843 and continued by others, together with experiments on different soils. Results from the 1940s confirmed that residues of P applied in fertilizers and manures build up reserves of P in soil. There is a strong relationship between crop yield and plant‐available P (Olsen P), and a critical level of Olsen P can be determined. For soils near the critical level, P‐use efficiency is high when the P applied and offtake by the crop is nearly equal. Soil inorganic P is associated with various soil components and is held there with a range of bonding energies so that when no P is applied, the decline in Olsen P follows a smooth curve. We conceptualize inorganic soil P as being in four pools of vastly varying size, availability for uptake, and extractability by reagents used in routine soil analysis, and with reversible transfer of P between pools. For very disparate soils at Rothamsted and in the United States, there is a strong relationship between the change in Olsen P and P removal/input ratios, suggesting an underlying similarity in inorganic P behavior. Maintaining soil near the critical level should optimize yield and the use of the global P resource while minimizing the risk of transfer of large amounts of P to the aquatic environment.

Core Ideas

Lawes started long‐term experiments on P in the 1840s.

Insights into role of P in soil fertility and crop growth comes from field experiments.

P residues build up a reserve of plant‐available P.

Olsen's method is used to establish critical level of available P in soil for optimum yield.

Inorganic P transfers between 4 pools of different size/extractability/availability.
The Dynamics of Sugarcane and Sugar Yields in Florida: 1950–2018
Authors: Schmitz Andrew , Zhang Fangyi
Published: August 2019

Florida is the largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in the United States. Since 1911, the University of Florida continues to develop new sugarcane cultivars that are better adapted to the Florida environment. We use piecewise regression to determine the growth in both Florida sugarcane and sugar yields, and how new sugarcane cultivars have positively affected yields. We use breakpoints for periods between 1950 and 2018: Scenario 1 (1950–2018), Scenario 2 (1950–1980 and 1981–2018), Scenario 3 (1950–1980, 1981–2000, and 2001–2018), and Scenario 4 (1950–1968, 1969–2000, and 2001–2018). In most scenarios, new sugarcane cultivars have significantly increased sugarcane and sugar yield, as well as sugar content. For 1950 to 2018, sugarcane yield increased by 21.3 Mg ha−1 (30%, P < 0.01) and sugar yield increased by 5.1 Mg ha−1 (78%, P < 0.01). Sugar content also increased significantly (P < 0.01). Before 1980, sugarcane yield significantly decreased (P < 0.05), whereas sugar yield showed neither a significant increase nor decrease. For 1980 to 2018, both sugarcane and sugar yields significantly increased (P < 0.01). Sugar yield decreased from 0.16 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for 1950 to 1980 to 0.10 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for 1981 to 2000. Sugarcane yield had the same rate of increase for 1980 to 2000 (0.66 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and for 2001 to 2018 (0.69 Mg ha−1 yr−1). There was neither a significant increase nor decrease in sugarcane and sugar yields before 1968. For 1969 to 2000, the increase in sugarcane yield (0.29 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was less than the increase in sugar yield (0.09 Mg ha−1 yr−1).
A new (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Si0.5Al0.53+)O3 LiNbO3-type phase synthesized at lower mantle conditions
Authors: Liu Zhaodong , Dubrovinsky Leonid , McCammon Catherine , Ovsyannikov Sergey V. , Koemets Iuliia , Chen Luyao , Cui Qi , Su Na , Cheng Jinguang , Cui Tian , Liu Bingbing , Katsura Tomoo
Published: August 2019

A new (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Si0.5Al0.53+)O3 LiNbO3-type phase was synthesized at 27 GPa and 2000 K under highly oxidized conditions using an advanced multi-anvil apparatus. Single crystals for this phase are 0.2–0.3 mm in dimension and maroon in color. They crystallize in a noncentrosymmetric structure with space group R3c and lattice parameters of a = b = 4.8720(6) Å, c = 12.898(2) Å, and V = 265.14(8) Å3. Fe3+ and Al3+ cations substitute into A (Mg2+) and B (Si4+) sites through charge-coupled substitution mechanism, respectively. The distortion of BO6 (B = Si0.5Al0.53+) octahedra is 1.6 times higher than that of AO6 (A = Mg0.5Fe0.53+) octahedra. This phase is probably recovered from bridgmanite at lower-mantle conditions by a diffusionless transition because of the displacement of A cations and distortion of BO6 octahedra on releasing pressure. Bridgmanite can thus contain the FeAlO3 component (50 mol%) beyond previously reported solubility limit (37 mol%). The present study shows that the Earth's most abundant elements form a new Fe3+- and Al3+-rich LiNbO3-type compound from bridgmanite at lower mantle conditions. This new compound provides a new insight into the complicated crystal chemistry of LiNbO3-type phase/bridgmanite and constrains the pressure and temperature conditions for shocked meteorites.
A Cr3+ luminescence study of natural topaz Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 up to 60 GPa
Authors: O'Bannon Earl F. , Williams Quentin
Published: August 2019

Topaz [Al2SiO4(F,OH)2] is a subduction-related mineral that is found in metasediments and has a large pressure and temperature stability field. Here, we use luminescence spectroscopy of Cr3+ to probe the Al site in topaz at pressures up to ~60 GPa, which corresponds to a depth of ~1400 km in the Earth. This technique allows us to probe all three unique Al environments (i.e., [AlO4(OH)2]7–, [AlO4(F)2]7–, and [AlO4OH,F]7–) simultaneously under high pressure. We find that the R-line luminescence from all three Al environments shift linearly to longer wavelength to ~40 GPa. Above ~40 GPa, they shift nonlinearly and begin to flatten out at ~48 GPa, with a pressure shift of ~0 cm–1/GPa from ~48–55 GPa. Our results, combined with previous high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies to ~45 GPa, strongly indicate that there is a change in the compression mechanism in topaz above ~40 GPa. Our high-pressure room-temperature results show that the metastable persistence of topaz on compression represents one of the most extreme cases among tetrahedrally coordinated silicates.
Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of granitoids at 283–988 K and 0.3–1.5 GPa
Authors: Fu Huangfei , Zhang Baohua , Ge Jianhua , Xiong Zili , Zhai Shuangmeng , Shan Shuangming , Li Heping
Published: August 2019

The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of four natural granitoid samples were simultaneously measured at high pressures (up to 1.5 GPa) and temperatures (up to 988 K) in a multi-anvil apparatus using the transient plane–source method. Experimental results show that thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity decreased with increasing temperature (<600 K) and remain constant or slightly increase at a temperature range from 700 to 988 K. Thermal conductivity decreases 23–46% between room temperature and 988 K, suggesting typical manifestations of phonon conductivity. At higher temperatures, an additional radiative contribution is observed in four natural granitoids. Pressure exerts a weak but clear and positive influence on thermal transport properties. The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of all granitoid samples exhibit a positive linear dependence on quartz content, whereas a negative linear dependence on plagioclase content appears. Combining these results with the measured densities, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacities of end-member minerals, the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity and bulk heat capacities for granitoids predicted from several mixing models are found to be consistent with the present experimental data. Furthermore, by combining the measured thermal properties and surface heat flows, calculated geotherms suggest that the presence of partial melting induced by muscovite or biotite dehydration likely occurs in the upper-middle crust of southern Tibet. This finding provides new insights into the origin of low-velocity and high-conductivity anomaly zones revealed by geophysical observations in this region.
Is ceramsite the last straw for sewage sludge disposal: a review of sewage sludge disposal by producing ceramsite in China
Authors: He Bifan , Wang Guangjin
Published: August 2019

With the rapid development of urbanization, the amount of urban sewage treatment is increasing. Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a by-product of sewage treatment, and its output is increasing year by year. How to properly handle WAS is related to the sustainable development of the sewage treatment industry. The production of ceramsite from WAS is an effective way to realize the utilization of sludge. This paper comprehensively describes the use of WAS as raw material, adding clay, cement, glass powder, shale, coal gangue, river sediment, pulverized fly ash and other auxiliary materials (AM) to produce sintered sewage sludge ceramsite and non-sintered sludge ceramsite. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the process of making ceramsite from WAS. The research points out the development prospect of ceramsite from WAS.
Drug Delivery Systems Based on Titania Nanotubes and Active Agents for Enhanced Osseointegration of Bone Implants
Authors: Ion Raluca , Necula Madalina Georgiana , Mazare Anca , Mitran Valentina , Neacsu Patricia , Schmuki Patrik , Cimpean Anisoara
Published: August 2019

TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) are attractive nanostructures for localized drug delivery. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility and physicochemical properties, numerous functionalizations of TNTs have been attempted for their use as therapeutic agent delivery platforms. In this review, we discuss the current advances in the applications of TNT-based delivery systems with an emphasis on the various functionalizations of TNTs for enhancing osteogenesis at the bone-implant interface and for preventing implant-related infection. Innovation of therapies for enhancing osteogenesis still represents a critical challenge in regeneration of bone defects. The overall concept focuses on the use of osteoconductive materials in combination with the use of osteoinductive or osteopromotive factors. In this context, we highlight the strategies for improving the functionality of TNTs, using five classes of bioactive agents: growth factors (GFs), statins, plant derived molecules, inorganic therapeutic ions/nanoparticles (NPs) and antimicrobial compounds.
Inhibitory Mechanism of An Anticancer Drug, Bexarotene Against Amyloid β Peptide Aggregation: Repurposing Via Neuroinformatics Approach
Authors: Bibi Nousheen , Rizvi Syed M.D. , Batool Abida , Kamal Mohammad A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Aggregation of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a crucial feature of Alzheimer disease (AD)
pathogenesis. In fact, Aβ peptides are misfolded and aggregated to frame Amyloid fibrils, which is considered as
one of the major contributing events in the onset of AD. All these observations have prompted the researchers to
design therapeutic molecules with robust anti-Aβ aggregation potential. Interestingly, in the last few decades,
drug repurposing has turned into a fruitful and savvy approach for the treatment of several diseases. Bexarotene is
an anticancer drug that has been under consideration for its ability to suppress Aβ-peptide aggregation. However,
the exact mechanistic aspect of suppression of Aβ-peptide accumulation has not yet been completely revealed.

Methods:

In the present study, we have attempted to decipher the mechanistic aspects of the anti-aggregation
potential of bexarotene by using the computational biology approach.

Results:

We have observed the effect of ‘Aβ-bexarotene’ interaction on the aggregation ability of the Aβ-peptide
and decoded the involvement of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and beta-secretase
(BACE-1). A deep structural analysis of Aβ upon binding with bexarotene revealed critical binding sites and
structural twists involved in Aβ aggregation. It is evident from the present that bexarotene could significantly
restrain the process of primary nucleation of Aβ. In addition, bexarotene showed a strong interaction with RAGE
and BACE-1, suggesting them as plausible targets for the neuro-therapeutic action of bexarotene.

Conclusion:

Hence, we could safely suggest that bexarotene is a potent drug candidate that could reduce Aβ-
peptide aggregation by applying different mechanistic pathways. These results might boost the portfolio of pharmaceutical
companies looking for the development of new chemical entities against AD.
Inhibition of Long Non-coding RNA CTD-2574D22.4 Alleviates LPS-induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Injury of Chondrocytes
Authors: Li Lisong , Zhang Lianfang , Zhang Yong , Jiang Dinghua , Xu Wu , Zhao Haiyue , Huang Lixin
Published: August 2019

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with inflammatory diseases, including OA. Here, we
investigated the potential molecular role of lncRNAs in OA pathogenesis.

Methods:

ATDC5 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and qPCR was used to identify and determine
expression of potential lncRNAs involved in LPS-induced chondrocyte injury. Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression
of cartilage-related genes and inflammatory cytokines were assessed after CTD-2574D22.4 knockdown.

Results:

After LPS stimulation, CTD-2574D22.4 was found to be the second highest up-regulated gene, and the
enhanced expression was validated in OA chondrocytes. Moreover, CTD-2574D22.4 inhibition significantly rescued
cell viability, suppressed by LPS stress, and markedly attenuated LPS-induced apoptosis. The expression of
cartilage-degrading enzymes MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 were increased, while type II collagen was reduced after
LPS treatment. This trend was largely reversed by CTD-2574D22.4 knockdown. Additionally, mRNA and protein
levels of key inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1β) were significantly elevated in the LPS group and
partially relieved upon CTD-2574D22.4 knockdown.

Conclusion:

CTD2574D22.4 knockdown ameliorates LPS-induced cartilage injury by protecting chondrocytes
from apoptosis via anti-inflammation and anti- cartilage-degrading pathways. Thus, CTD2574D22.4 might be a
potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for OA.
The Molecular Pathology of Eye Tumors: A 2019 Update Main Interests for Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Nahon-Esteve Sacha , Martel Arnaud , Maschi Célia , Caujolle Jean-Pierre , Baillif Stéphanie , Lassalle Sandra , Hofman Paul
Published: August 2019

Over the last few years, we have seen constant development of molecular pathology for the care of patients with cancer. The information obtained from molecular data has transformed our thinking about the biological diversity of cancers, particularly in the field of ophthalmic oncology. It has reoriented the way in which therapeutic decisions and decisions concerning patient surveillance are made, both in the area of pediatric cancers, including rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma, and adult cancers, such as uveal melanoma and lymphomas. A better definition of the molecular classification of these cancers and of the different biological pathways involved is essential to the understanding of both the pathologist and the onco-ophthalmologist. Molecular tests based on targeted or expanded analysis of gene panels are now available. These tests can be performed with tumor tissue or biofluids (especially blood) to predict the prognosis of tumors and, above all, the benefit of targeted therapies, immunotherapy or even chemotherapy. Looking for the BAP1 mutation in uveal melanoma is essential because of the associated metastatic risk. When treating retinoblastoma, it is mandatory to assess the heritable status of RB1. Conjunctival melanoma requires investigation into the BRAF mutation in the case of a locally advanced tumor. The understanding of genomic alterations, the results of molecular tests and/or other biological tests predictive of a therapeutic response, but also of the limits of these tests with respect to the available biological resources, represents a major challenge for optimal patient management in ophthalmic oncology. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge concerning the different molecular alterations and therapeutic targets of interest in ophthalmic oncology.
The Endocannabinoid System May Modulate Sleep Disorders in Aging
Authors: Murillo-Rodríguez Eric , Budde Henning , Veras André Barciela , Rocha Nuno Barbosa , Telles-Correia Diogo , Monteiro Diogo , Cid Luis , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Machado Sérgio , Torterolo Pablo
Published: August 2019

Aging is an inevitable process that involves changes across life in multiple neurochemical,
neuroanatomical, hormonal systems, and many others. In addition, these biological modifications
lead to an increase in age-related sickness such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative
disorders, and sleep disturbances, among others that affect activities of daily life.
Demographic projections have demonstrated that aging will increase its worldwide rate in the coming
years. The research on chronic diseases of the elderly is important to gain insights into this
growing global burden. Novel therapeutic approaches aimed for treatment of age-related pathologies
have included the endocannabinoid system as an effective tool since this biological system
shows beneficial effects in preclinical models. However, and despite these advances, little has been
addressed in the arena of the endocannabinoid system as an option for treating sleep disorders in
aging since experimental evidence suggests that some elements of the endocannabinoid system
modulate the sleep-wake cycle. This article addresses this less-studied field, focusing on the likely
perspective of the implication of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of sleep problems
reported in the aged. We conclude that beneficial effects regarding the putative efficacy of the endocannabinoid
system as therapeutic tools in aging is either inconclusive or still missing.
Optimizing Modifiable and Lifestyle-related Factors in the Prevention of Dementia Disorders with Special Reference to Alzheimer, Parkinson and Autism Diseases
Authors: Gupta Umesh C. , Gupta Subhas C.
Published: August 2019

Dementia is a syndrome and an umbrella term that encompasses Alzheimer, Parkinson and
autism diseases. These diseases are by far the most common cause of dementia; therefore this investigation
will chiefly include these disorders, with a limited discussion of few other disorders related
to dementia. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of cerebral β-amyloid
plaques, tau proteins and memory loss; Parkinson by the deterioration of brain cells which regulate
the movement of body parts and produce dopamine; and autism by abnormalities of social disorder
and difficulty in communicating and forming relationships. Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment
in dementia are age-related and manageable only with early diagnosis and prevention. Data
based on several decades of research has shown that the major factors responsible for the induction
of inflammation in dementia and many chronic diseases are infections, obesity, alcohol, radiation,
environmental pollutants, improper nutrition, lack of physical activity, depression, anxiety, genetic
factors, and sleep deprivation. There are some studied preventive measures for dementia including
continued physical activity and consuming predominantly a plant-based Mediterranean diet comprising
olive oil and foods containing flavonoids and other phytochemicals having strong antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties and along with management of chronic conditions.
Classification of Benign and Malignant Breast Masses on Mammograms for Large Datasets using Core Vector Machines
Authors: Jebamony Jebasonia , Jacob Dheeba
Published: August 2019

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer deaths among
women. Early detection of cancer increases the survival rate of the affected women. Machine
learning approaches that are used for classification of breast cancer usually takes a lot of processing
time during the training process. This paper attempts to propose a Machine Learning approach
for breast cancer detection in mammograms, which does not depend on the number of
training samples.

Objective:

The paper aims to develop a core vector machine-based diagnosis system for breast
cancer detection using the date from MIAS. The main motivation behind using this system is to
reduce the computational and memory requirement for large training data and to improve the classification
accuracy.

Methods:

The proposed method has four stages: 1) Pre-processing is done to extract the breast region
using global thresholding and enhancement using histogram equalization; 2) identification of
potential mass using Otsu thresholding; 3) feature extraction using Laws Texture energy
measures; and 4) mass detection is done using Core vector machine (CVM) classifier.

Results:

Comparative analysis was done with different existing algorithms: Artificial Neural Network
(ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Fuzzy Support Vector Machines (FSVM). The
results illustrate that the proposed Core Vector Machine (CVM) classifier produced a promising
result in terms of sensitivity (96.9%), misclassification rate (0.0443) and accuracy (95.89%). The
time taken for training process is 0.0443, which is less when compared with other machine learning
algorithms.

Conclusion:

Performance analysis shows that CVM classifier is superior to other classifiers like
ANN, SVM and FSVM. The computational time of the CVM classifier during the training process
was also analysed and found to be better than other discussed algorithms. The results achieved
show that CVM classifier is the best algorithm for breast mass detection in mammograms.