bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Waste-to-Energy System in Ghana
Authors: Armoo Ekua Afrakoma , Baidoo Theophilus , Mohammed Mutala , Agyenim Francis Boateng , Kemausuor Francis , Narra Satyanarayana
Published: January 2025

Waste management in most parts of Africa is characterized by the disposal of mixed waste in unengineered landfills. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact of mixed waste received at a waste-to-energy plant in Ghana relative to the current model of landfilling. A Life Cycle Assessment was conducted using OpenLCA software version 2.3.1 based on the ReCiPe Midpoint method. For landfilling, LandGEM software version 3.03 was used. The results indicate that waste-to-energy has the potential to provide carbon savings of 3.52 tCO2eq/ton of waste treated compared to landfilling. Pyrolysis is observed to have high avoided burden across all impact categories, with the lowest Global Warming Potential of −2.3 kgCO2eq. Anaerobic digestion shows a near neutral environmental impact with the highest value of 47.56 kg 1,4DCB for Terrestrial Ecotoxicity, while Refuse-Derived Fuel and segregation processes show low environmental burdens. The net avoided burden is highest for global warming and non-carcinogenic human toxicity potential. Overall, the hybrid waste-to-energy model is concluded to be an environmentally preferred waste management option compared to conventional landfilling methods, and we recommend that decision-makers facilitate investments into it. It is also recommended for the development of local inventories and databases to encourage more country-specific environmental impact studies and to reduce uncertainty.
System Optimization Scheduling Considering the Full Process of Electrolytic Aluminum Production and the Integration of Thermal Power and Energy Storage
Authors: Yang Yulong , Yan Han , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Weiyang , Yan Zhongwen
Published: January 2025

To address the curtailment phenomenon caused by the high penetration of renewable energy in the system, an optimization scheduling strategy is proposed, considering the full process of electrolytic aluminum production and the integration of thermal power and energy storage. Firstly, to explore the differentiated response capabilities of various devices such as high-energy-consuming electrolytic aluminum units, thermal power units, and energy storage devices to effectively address uncertain variables in the power system, a Variational Mode Decomposition method is introduced to construct differentiated response methods for its low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency components. Secondly, based on the real production regulation characteristics of the high-energy-consuming electrolytic aluminum load, and considering various influencing factors such as current, temperature, and output, a scheduling model involving electrolytic aluminum load is established. Then, the power generation characteristics in other processes of electrolytic aluminum production are fully exploited to achieve energy storage conversion, replacing the energy storage batteries that respond to high-frequency components. Finally, by combining the deep peak-shaving model of thermal power units, an optimization scheduling model is established for the joint operation of the full electrolytic aluminum production load and thermal-power-storage systems, with the goal of minimizing system operating costs. The case study results show that the proposed model can significantly enhance the system’s renewable energy absorption capacity, reduce energy storage installations, and enhance the economic efficiency of the system’s peak-shaving operation.
The Hippo Pathway in Kidney Development
Authors: Lara Caroline M. , Torres Toni Castro , Mazhar Usaid , Cohen Dorrian G. , Wingert Rebecca A.
Published: January 2025

The kidney, a complex organ crucial for a multitude of homeostatic functions, including the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, removal of various metabolic waste products, and hormone production, undergoes intricate developmental processes to form functional nephron units. Understanding the mechanisms behind kidney development is paramount for elucidating the etiology of renal congenital disabilities and acquired diseases. The Hippo pathway is known for its involvement in various cellular functions, including cell fate determination and differentiation, and is a critical player in renal organogenesis. Here, we discuss research findings about the roles that Hippo signaling plays in kidney formation.
Assessment of Analytical Methods for Estimating Settlements Induced by Side-by-Side Twin Tunnels
Authors: Pedro António M. G. , Grazina José C. D. , Almeida e Sousa Jorge
Published: January 2025

The development of urban areas has led to an increase in the use of subsoil for installing transportation networks. These systems usually comprise the construction of side-by-side twin running tunnels built sequentially and in close proximity. Different studies have demonstrated that under such conditions, there is an interaction between tunnels, leading to greater settlements compared with those obtained if the tunnels were excavated separately. Supported by those findings, several analytical methods have been proposed to predict the settlements induced by the excavation of the second tunnel. This paper examines the applicability of these proposals across multiple case studies published in the literature by comparing the analytical predictions with the reported monitoring data of 57 sections. The results indicate that, regardless of the different soil conditions and geometrical characteristics of the tunnels, a Gaussian curve accurately describes the settlements in greenfield conditions and those induced by the second tunnel excavation, although with the curve becoming eccentric in this case. Despite some significant scatter observed, most methods predict the settlements induced by the second tunnel with reasonable accuracy, with Hunt’s method presenting the best fit metrics. The obtained findings confirm that existent methods can be a valid tool to predict the settlements induced by twin tunnelling during the early stages of design, although do also contain limitations and pitfalls that are identified and discussed throughout the paper.
30 Years of Forest Soil Monitoring: Results from the Italian ICP-Forests Network
Authors: Carnicelli Stefano , Chelli Stefano , Cecchini Guia , Ciampalini Rossano , Campetella Giandiego , Andreetta Anna
Published: January 2025

Forests support a broad range of ecosystem services. These services cannot simply be traced back to the individual biotic and abiotic components of the forest ecosystems. Rather, they stem from complex interactions between these components. CON.ECO.FOR, the Italian branch of the ICP-Forests (International Co-operative Program on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests) network, established in 1994, has shown to be a unique data source for understanding forest interactions and processes. This contribution aims to draw a comprehensive picture of the Italian forest soil conditions by reviewing the main issues that have arisen and the results obtained over the last 30 years of forest soil monitoring. Forest health is often controlled by soil-mediated processes. Thus, we have evidenced how including soil parameters in environmental studies has proven to be of high value for a better understanding of forest ecosystem conditions and trends. Here, we are reviewing all of the results obtained concerning soils from the analyses of the impacts of atmospheric deposition on forest soils to the study of the relationships between organism diversity and the soil.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiling of YTH Domain-Containing RNA-Binding Protein Family in Taxus chinensis
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Xiang Yuan , Ji Kongshu , Yu Qiong
Published: January 2025

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common internal RNA modification in eukaryotes, plays a vital role in post-transcriptional regulation. The YT521-B homology (YTH) domain plays a pivotal role in the methylation-dependent recognition of m6A. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the YTH domain-containing RNA-binding protein family in Taxus chinensis (T. chinensis), a species renowned for its rich content of taxol, a significant compound in cancer therapy. We identified and analyzed six YTH domain-containing proteins in T. chinensis, elucidating their phylogenetic relationships, conserved domain, gene structures, conserved motifs, and chromosomal locations. The prion-like domain analyses provided insights into their potential functions in liquid–liquid phase separation and mRNA metabolism. Quantitative tissue analysis revealed TcYTH1 as the most highly expressed gene among the six TcYTH members. Additionally, we investigated the expression profiles of TcYTH genes under various stress conditions, such as high light, ABA, and PEG treatments. The expression levels of all TcYTH genes changed significantly under stress, revealing their involvement in stress response mechanisms. Our research provides novel insights into the YTH genes family in T. chinensis, emphasizing their potential roles in growth regulation and stress tolerance. The identification and analysis of these genes lay the groundwork for future studies on their functional roles in plant biology.
Adversarial Robustness for Deep Learning-Based Wildfire Prediction Models
Authors: Ide Ryo , Yang Lei
Published: January 2025

Rapidly growing wildfires have recently devastated societal assets, exposing a critical need for early warning systems to expedite relief efforts. Smoke detection using camera-based Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) offers a promising solution for wildfire prediction. However, the rarity of smoke across time and space limits training data, raising model overfitting and bias concerns. Current DNNs, primarily Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and transformers, complicate robustness evaluation due to architectural differences. To address these challenges, we introduce WARP (Wildfire Adversarial Robustness Procedure), the first model-agnostic framework for evaluating wildfire detection models’ adversarial robustness. WARP addresses inherent limitations in data diversity by generating adversarial examples through image-global and -local perturbations. Global and local attacks superimpose Gaussian noise and PNG patches onto image inputs, respectively; this suits both CNNs and transformers while generating realistic adversarial scenarios. Using WARP, we assessed real-time CNNs and Transformers, uncovering key vulnerabilities. At times, transformers exhibited over 70% precision degradation under global attacks, while both models generally struggled to differentiate cloud-like PNG patches from real smoke during local attacks. To enhance model robustness, we proposed four wildfire-oriented data augmentation techniques based on WARP’s methodology and results, which diversify smoke image data and improve model precision and robustness. These advancements represent a substantial step toward developing a reliable early wildfire warning system, which may be our first safeguard against wildfire destruction.
Updated Review on the Available Methods for Measurement and Prediction of the Mass Transfer Coefficients in Bubble Columns
Authors: Nedeltchev Stoyan
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the most important measurement techniques for determination of the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient kLa. In addition, the main empirical correlations (with their applicability ranges) for kLa estimation are presented. It is clearly underlined that in tall bubble columns, a system of two differential equations (involving the gas and liquid axial dispersion coefficients) should be solved in order to obtain the accurate kLa value. The semi-empirical correlations for kLa prediction based on the correction of the penetration theory are also summarized. The need for a correction of the penetration theory is explained. The different definitions of the gas–liquid contact time, including the one based on the local isotropic turbulence theory, are presented. Finally, the various chemical methods for the determination of the gas–liquid interfacial area are summarized. Additionally, the main correlation for the prediction of the interfacial area is reported. The effects of pressure, temperature, and viscosity on the interfacial area and kLa are discussed.
Construction of Composite Microorganisms and Their Physiological Mechanisms of Postharvest Disease Control in Red Grapes
Authors: Chen Jingwei , Wang Kaili , Godana Esa Abiso , Solairaj Dhanasekaran , Yang Qiya , Zhang Hongyin
Published: January 2025

Red grapes often suffer from postharvest diseases like blue mold and black mold caused by Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger. Biological control using beneficial yeasts and bacteria is an effective method to manage these diseases. Rhodotorula sp. and Bacillus sp. are effective microorganisms for the control of postharvest diseases of red grapes. This study combined two yeast strains (Rhodotorula graminis and Rhodotorula babjevae) and two bacterial strains (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus velezensis) to investigate their biological control effects on major postharvest diseases of red grapes and explore the underlying physiological mechanisms. Research showed that compound microorganism W3 outperformed the others; it reduced spore germination and germ tube growth of P. expansum and A. niger, while its volatiles further inhibited pathogen growth. Additionally, the treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity of grapes and increased resistance to pathogens by boosting peroxidase activities, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonolyase, and polyphenol oxidase. Furthermore, the combined treatment increased the activity and accumulation of antifungal compounds such as total phenols and flavonoids, thereby improving disease resistance and reducing decay. Therefore, composite microorganisms combining various antagonistic strains may offer a viable substitute for tackling postharvest diseases in red grapes.
Artificial Intelligence in Agro-Food Systems: From Farm to Fork
Authors: Aghababaei Ali , Aghababaei Fatemeh , Pignitter Marc , Hadidi Milad
Published: January 2025

The current landscape of the food processing industry places a strong emphasis on improving food quality, nutritional value, and processing techniques. This focus arises from consumer demand for products that adhere to high standards of quality, sensory characteristics, and extended shelf life. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies is instrumental in addressing the challenges associated with variability in food processing. AI represents a promising interdisciplinary approach for enhancing performance across various sectors of the food industry. Significant advancements have been made to address challenges and facilitate growth within the food sector. This review highlights the applications of AI in agriculture and various sectors of the food industry, including bakery, beverage, dairy, food safety, fruit and vegetable industries, packaging and sorting, and the drying of fresh foods. Various strategies have been implemented across different food sectors to promote advancements in technology. Additionally, this article explores the potential for advancing 3D printing technology to enhance various aspects of the food industry, from manufacturing to service, while also outlining future perspectives.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the BZR Transcription Factor Gene Family in Leymus chinensis
Authors: Zhao Ruiqi , Cheng Jiayuan , Yu Yingjie
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The BZR gene family, a critical transcription factor in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, regulates plant growth and development. Despite its significance, the BZR gene family in Leymus chinensis, a valuable forage grass renowned for its stress tolerance and nutritional quality, remains uncharacterized, and its functional roles are largely unexplored. Methods: Employing advanced bioinformatics tools, we conducted a genome-wide survey to identify members of the BZR gene family in L. chinensis. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to classify these genes into distinct clades, while gene structure and conserved motif analyses assessed their evolutionary conservation and potential regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was utilized to examine the expression patterns of BZR genes in response to simulated animal grazing. Results: Eight LcBZR genes were identified, evenly distributed across all seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis categorized these genes into three distinct groups, reflecting their evolutionary relationships. Most LcBZR genes exhibited highly conserved gene structures and motifs, with promoters enriched in cis-acting elements such as G-box and ARE. Expression profiling revealed that LcBZR genes are predominantly expressed in key tissues, particularly leaves and roots, suggesting their involvement in critical physiological processes. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that simulated animal grazing modulated the expression levels of LcBZR genes, implicating their role in promoting cellular elongation and division through the BR signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study highlights the crucial role of LcBZR genes in regulating plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli, providing a foundational basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated plant development and stress adaptation.
Perceptions of Family Health Strategy Professionals About People with Mental Disorders
Authors: Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Hayashi Camila Kaori , Carrara Bruna Sordi , Reis Igor de Oliveira , da Silva Bruno Henrique Longo , Fernandes Raquel Helena Hernandez , Moll Marciana Fernandes
Published: January 2025

Background: The work of professionals in the Family Health Strategy, which is a part of primary health care in Brazil, is essential for the inclusion and support of people with mental disorders. These professionals’ perceptions of individuals with psychiatric diagnoses can directly influence the quality and effectiveness of the care provided. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore and understand the perceptions of professionals who work in the Family Health Strategy about people with mental disorders. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out through individual interviews with different health professionals from July to September 2021 in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Findings showed the existence of a concept of people with mental disorders based on the biomedical paradigm, and they experienced limitations arising from the disease that caused restrictions of opportunities, even though they had the capacity to live socially. Conclusions: It is necessary to invest in educational interventions to work on the existing stigma among primary health care professionals.
Validity of the Italian Version of DIVA-5: Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD Based on the DSM-5 Criteria
Authors: Di Lorenzo Rosaria , Latella Emanuela , Gualtieri Federica , Adriani Anna , Ferri Paola , Filippini Tommaso
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In 2019, an updated version of the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA-5) was developed based on DSM-5 criteria, currently validated in Korean and Farsi. The aim of this study is to validate the DIVA-5 Italian version. Methods: 132 subjects in the Adult ADHD Screening Center of AUSL-Modena, who agreed to participate in this study, were selected. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected. DIVA-5, Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS), and Adult ADHD Self Rating Scale (ASRS-v1.1) were administered. We assessed the internal consistency of the DIVA-5 Italian version and its concurrent validity with ASRS-v1.1 and BAARS-IV. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to evaluate the construct validity, and a multiple linear regression to evaluate the predictive validity. Results: Our analysis indicated good internal consistence of the DIVA-5 Italian version (Cronbach’s alpha and Kuder coefficients ranged between 0.61 and 0.78). The EFA showed five factors representing specific variance. The correlation between the corresponding ADHD dimensions of DIVA-5 and BAARS was found to be statistically significant (Spearman’s coefficient ranged between 0.61 and 0.47, p = 0.000), while the correlation between the DIVA-5 dimensions and ASRS-v1.1 was statistically significant for all the dimensions except child hyperactivity/impulsivity. The multiple linear regression showed a positive association of the DIVA-5 score with the “job” variable and a negative association with “drug therapy”. DIVA-5 showed greater sensitivity for inattention in adulthood and greater specificity for hyperactivity/impulsivity in childhood. Conclusions: Our results confirm that the DIVA-5 Italian version represents a valid and reliable tool to diagnose adult ADHD.
The Predictability of the Dental Practitioner in a Volatile Healthcare System: A 25-Year Study of Dental Care Policies in Romania (1999–2023)
Authors: Cernega Ana , Mincă Dana Galieta , Furtunescu Florentina Ligia , Radu Ciprian-Paul , Pârvu Simona , Pițuru Silviu-Mirel
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This paper brings to light the results of extensive research on the dimension of dental care in Romania in terms of priorities and policies defined at the governmental level for a 25-year period (1999–2023). This research aims to present both individual and ecosystem perspectives on the influence of the way oral health strategies are shaped in Romania. Methods: The data collected are analyzed through the prism of the “iron triangle of healthcare”, focusing on the evolution of dental care from the perspective of the interrelationship of three important components: cost, quality, and access to healthcare services. Results: The paper provides insight and clarity into the context in which the doctor–patient relationship is constructed and developed, as well as a vision of how oral health policies should be designed to meet the individual needs of the patient, which will have an impact on the health and quality of life of the whole community. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need to reconfigure oral health policies in Romania. Despite some input achievements like a considerable number of dentists, the systemic challenges that developed over these 25 years (such as insufficient funding, the reduced reimbursed procedures, and the limited dentists contracting with NHIH) have significantly contributed to a stagnation or decline of the oral health outcomes at the societal level.
Understanding Psychosocial Barriers to Healthcare Technology Adoption: A Review of TAM Technology Acceptance Model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and UTAUT Frameworks
Authors: Lee Ann Thong , Ramasamy R Kanesaraj , Subbarao Anusuyah
Published: January 2025

Background: Leveraging healthcare technology improves human development and well-being. However, adoption is frequently delayed by behavioural and psychological barriers, such as perceived usefulness, trust, and organisational readiness. This review examines the suitability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) frameworks in healthcare settings, focusing on behavioural, educational, and psychological factors that influence technology adoption. Methods: A total of 20 peer-reviewed articles from 2019 to 2024 were examined. Results: The review identified significant organisational and psychological obstacles, including a lack of trust, inadequate training, and organisational support. While the UTAUT provided a more comprehensive viewpoint, it needed to be modified to include context-specific factors, including trust, facilitating circumstances, and educational interventions. Meanwhile, the TAM’s emphasis on perceived usefulness and ease of use was shown to be insufficient for dealing with complex healthcare situations. Conclusions: Interventions targeting stakeholders’ organisational and psychological preparation and educational strategies are essential to overcoming resistance and enhancing trust. Future research should look into integrative frameworks incorporating behavioural, psychological, and instructional tactics to improve the use of technology in healthcare.
Association of Daily Sitting Time and Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Sarcopenia Among Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Liu Yujie , Tang Zhengyan , Hou Xiao , Yuan Yaqing , Hsu Yunli , Lin Jinxia , Liu Jingmin
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with sarcopenia among older adults. Methods: The participants were 847 community-dwelling adults aged 60 or older from Beijing and Shanghai, China. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (2019). Daily sitting time and LTPA were self-reported using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Logistics regression models were used to explore the associations between daily sitting time, LTPA, and sarcopenia. To examine joint associations, participants were classified based on daily sitting time and LTPA levels. Final models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions. Results: Prolonged sitting time and insufficient LTPA were independently associated with higher odds of sarcopenia. Among insufficiently active participants, sitting for 1–2 h, 2–4 h, and more than 4 h per day was associated with 5.52-fold (95% CI: 1.13–26.83), 6.69-fold (95% CI: 1.33–33.59), and 12.82-fold (95% CI: 2.75–59.85) increased odds of sarcopenia, respectively, compared to sitting for less than 1 h. For those meeting the physical activity guideline (≥150 min of LTPA per week), only sitting for more than 4 h per day was significantly associated with higher odds of sarcopenia (OR: 7.25, 95% CI: 1.99–26.36). Conclusions: Prolonged sedentary behavior was associated with increased odds of sarcopenia. The higher odds of sarcopenia associated with more than 4 h daily sitting may not be offset by achieving the recommended levels of physical activity.
An Investigation of Travel Distance and Timeliness of Breast Cancer Treatment Among a Diverse Cohort in the United States
Authors: Adams Swann Arp , Babatunde Oluwole Adeyemi , Zahnd Whitney E. , Hung Peiyin , Wickersham Karen E. , Bell Nathaniel , Eberth Jan M.
Published: January 2025

Travel to and from distant cancer treatment facilities can place a significant burden on cancer patients, particularly rural and minority survivors. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine the association between patient travel distance and delays in types of treatment for breast cancer (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy) and treatment delays. Using a novel linkage between the state cancer registry and administrative data from Medicaid and a private insurance plan, 2155 BC patients were successfully linked to create the cohort. ArcGIS was used to geocode all case residences and treatment facility addresses and calculate network distance between the residence and each facility. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds of being delayed versus timely by street distance. Odds of late surgery were increased by 1% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.01) for each one-mile increase from the patient’s residence to the treatment facility. In race-stratified models, the odds of late treatment for Black patients increased by 3% per mile (95% CI 1.01, 1.06) for radiation. Increased travel distance appears to significantly increase treatment delays for surgical, radiation, and chemotherapeutic treatments for women with BC, especially among Black women.
High-Glucose-Induced Metabolic and Redox Alterations Are Distinctly Modulated by Various Antidiabetic Agents and Interventions Against FABP5/7, MITF and ANGPTL4 in Melanoma A375 Cells
Authors: Nishikiori Nami , Ohguro Hiroshi , Watanabe Megumi , Higashide Megumi , Ogawa Toshifumi , Furuhashi Masato , Sato Tatsuya
Published: January 2025

Hyperglycemia-induced effects on cellular metabolic properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma (MM). This study assessed how metabolic states, ROS production, and related gene expression are modulated by antidiabetic agents. The anti-diabetic agents metformin (Met) and imeglimin (Ime), inhibitors of fatty acid-binding proteins 5/7 (MF6) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) (ML329), and siRNA-mediated knockdown of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), which affect mitochondrial respiration, ROS production, and related gene expression, were tested in A375 (MM cell line) cells cultured in low (5.5 mM) and high glucose (50 mM) conditions. Cellular metabolic functions were significantly and differently modulated by Met, Ime, MF6, or ML329 and knockdown of ANGPTL4. High glucose significantly enhanced ROS production, which was alleviated by Ime but not by Met. Both MF6 and ML329 reduced ROS levels under both low and high glucose conditions. Knockdown of ANGPTL4 enhanced the change in glucose-dependent ROS production. Gene expression related to mitochondrial respiration and the pathogenesis of MM was significantly modulated by different glucose conditions, antidiabetic agents, MF6, and ML329. These findings suggest that glucose-dependent changes in cellular metabolism and redox status are differently modulated by antidiabetic agents, inhibition of fatty acid-binding proteins or MITF, and ANGPTL4 knockdown in A375 cells.
Secretome and Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Provide Protein Markers of Lung and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Soloveva Natalia , Novikova Svetlana , Farafonova Tatiana , Tikhonova Olga , Zgoda Victor
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer (LC) are leading causes of cancer-related mortality, highlighting the need for minimally invasive diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers for these cancers. Proteins secreted by a tumor into the extracellular space directly, known as the tumor secretome, as well as proteins in the extra-cellular vesicles (EVs), represent an attractive source of biomarkers for CRC and LC. We performed proteomic analyses on secretome and EV samples from LC (A549, NCI-H23, NCI-H460) and CRC (Caco2, HCT116, HT-29) cell lines and targeted mass spectrometry on EVs from plasma samples of 20 patients with CRC and 19 healthy controls. A total of 782 proteins were identified across the CRC and LC secretome and EV samples. Of these, 22 and 44 protein markers were significantly elevated in the CRC and LC samples, respectively. Functional annotation revealed enrichment in proteins linked to metastasis and tumor progression for both cancer types. In EVs isolated from the plasma of patients with CRC, ITGB3, HSPA8, TUBA4A, and TLN1 were reduced, whereas FN1, SERPINA1, and CST3 were elevated, compared to healthy controls. These findings support the development of minimally invasive liquid biopsy methods for the detection, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of LC and CRC.
The Role of mtDNA Mutations in Atherosclerosis: The Influence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Fedotova Evgeniya I. , Berezhnov Alexey V. , Popov Daniil Y. , Shitikova Elena Y. , Vinokurov Andrey Y.
Published: January 2025

Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process associated with high-mortality cardiovascular diseases. Today, there is a growing body of evidence linking atherosclerosis to mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). But the mechanism of this link is insufficiently studied. Atherosclerosis progression involves different cell types and macrophages are one of the most important. Due to their high plasticity, macrophages can demonstrate pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic (macrophage type M1) or anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic (macrophage type M2) effects. These two cell types, formed as a result of external stimuli, differ significantly in their metabolic profile, which suggests the central role of mitochondria in the implementation of the macrophage polarization route. According to this, we assume that mtDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disturbances can play the role of an internal trigger, leading to the formation of macrophage M1 or M2. This review provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of mitochondrial function in different types of macrophages and their possible associations with mtDNA mutations linked with inflammation-based pathologies including atherosclerosis.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Chandipura virus: Insights from a Preliminary Genomic Study
Authors: Giovanetti Marta , Micheli Valeria , Mancon Alessandro , Mileto Davide , Rizzo Alberto
Published: January 2025

Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an arthropod-borne virus linked to encephalitis in humans, primarily in India. Its evolutionary dynamics and transmission pathways remain poorly understood due to limited genomic data. This study analyzed 23 publicly available CHPV genomes, including isolates from humans, sandflies, and a hedgehog, retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to explore host-specific and geographic evolutionary patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct evolutionary lineages. Human-derived genomes collected in India between 2003 and 2024 formed a well-supported monophyletic clade, suggesting a unique evolutionary lineage. In contrast, sandfly-derived genomes exhibited diverse clustering patterns. Notably, Kenyan sandfly isolates from 2016–2017 were phylogenetically closer to human-derived sequences, suggesting possible shared evolutionary pressures. These findings provide preliminary insights into CHPV evolution and emphasize the need for enhanced genomic surveillance in both human and non-human populations. Expanding genomic data is essential to validate these observations and inform public health strategies.
Cost-Effective, Ester-Based Molecular Doping in Silicon
Authors: Shrivastava Anup , Adam Jost , Puglisi Rosaria A.
Published: January 2025

When fabricating Si-based devices, many process steps require the use of expensive, high-power consumption, environmentally unfriendly, operator-unsafe machines, and processes. Among the many involved process steps, the ones needed to fabricate the metallurgical junction make use of conventional doping methods, which do not always represent optimal solutions. The high costs of the processing equipment and the use of hazardous materials, not to count the structural damage produced, intrinsically limit future developments towards nm-scaled and low cost approaches. Recently a chemistry-based method has been proposed to form the junction on Si, the so-called molecular doping. In this approach, the samples to be doped are subjected to a silylation process, during which a layer of dopant-containing molecules is deposited in a liquid bath kept at boiling temperature. After the coating, the samples are annealed to decompose the molecule and release the dopants inside the target. The peculiarity of using a liquid source allows for avoiding the structural damage. The entire doping procedure is simple and cost-effective, and it is based on the use of ester molecules, which are less harmful than the standard materials. In this work, we present experimental results on this chemistry-based technique, demonstrating its efficiency in creating the junction and demonstrate its feasibility in the fabrication of solar cells prototypes. Moreover, with respect to the literature, we show for the first time the effects of the protective layer presence over the dopant source molecules in the final solar cells electrical properties. As a proof of concept, we have numerically investigated the Si-based solar cell using the SCPAS-1D simulator. The finding claims that, the proposed samples have a good match in terms of the performance of the devices compared to the conventional Si-solar cells. Henceforth, the proposed work can provide a guideline to achieve less expensive, more environmentally friendly techniques for molecular doping in Si without affecting its performance in the metallurgical junction.
Feasibility of Genipin to Evaluate Chitosan Rainfastness for Biopesticide Applications
Authors: Meynaud Solène , Wang Yunhui , Huet Gael , Ibarboure Emmanuel , Gardrat Christian , Coma Véronique
Published: January 2025

Chitosan’s effectiveness as an antimicrobial coating for biocontrol depends on its resistance to rain. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no satisfactory method for assessing this resistance, which means that field tests have to be carried out to evaluate it in situ, which are difficult to implement and therefore unsuitable for optimizing formulations. This article explores the use of genipin to detect residual chitosan on surfaces after simulated rain, using fluorescence microscopy. A first study on real vine leaves using MacroFluo microscopy was carried out but showed limitations for the intended application, notably due to the requirement for high chitosan concentrations to achieve detectable signals. A semi-quantitative method based on confocal laser scanning microscopy was then developed on model leaves, as real leaves were unsuitable due to their autofluorescence. Among the tested models, Parafilm® proved to be the most effective, showing sufficient fluorescence after reaction with genipin, even at low chitosan concentrations. For the first time, a method that does not require chromophore grafting onto chitosan has been proposed, allowing for the comparison of chitosan solution rainfastness under laboratory conditions. As an application, the effect of the counter ion on chitosan’s rain resistance was evaluated.
Characterization of Novel Plantaricin-Derived Antiviral Peptides Against Flaviviruses
Authors: Omer Abubakr A. M. , Kumar Sanjiv , Selegård Robert , Bengtsson Torbjörn , Khalaf Hazem
Published: January 2025

Flaviviruses, including West Nile virus, Zika virus, and Dengue virus, pose global health challenges due to their distribution, pathogenicity, and lack of effective treatments or vaccines. This study investigated the antiviral activity of novel truncated peptides derived from the two-peptide plantaricins PLNC8 αβ, PlnEF, PlnJK, and PlnA. The antiviral potential was predicted using machine learning tools, followed by in vitro evaluation against the Kunjin virus using plaque reduction assays in Vero cells. Molecular docking assessed peptide interactions with KUNV and ZIKV. Full-length and truncated peptides from PlnA, PlnE, PlnF, PlnJ, and PlnK demonstrated limited antiviral efficacy against KUNV in vitro, despite in silico predictions suggesting antiviral potential for PlnA, PlnE, and PlnJ. Large discrepancies were observed between the predicted and experimentally determined activities. However, complementary two-peptide plantaricins PlnEF and PlnJK exhibited significant synergistic effects. Furthermore, the truncated peptides PLNC8 α1-15 and PLNC8 β1-20 reduced KUNV viral load by over 90%, outperforming their full-length counterparts. Molecular docking revealed interactions of PLNC8 α and PLNC8 β, and their truncated variants, with KUNV and ZIKV, suggesting a mechanism involving viral envelope disruption. These findings highlight the potential of plantaricin-derived peptides as promising antiviral candidates against flaviviruses, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms and applications.
Loss of Tyrosine Phosphatase Mu Promotes Scoliosis Progression Through Osteopontin-α5β1 Integrin Signaling and PIPK1γ90 Activity
Authors: Elbakry Mohamed , Khatami Nasrin , Akoume Marie-Yvonne , Julien Cédric , Bouhanik Saadallah , Franco Anita , Caraus Iurie , Elremaly Wesam , Moreau Alain
Published: January 2025

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by a curvature of the spine affecting approximately 4% of the pediatric population, and the mechanisms driving its progression remain poorly understood. Whole-exome sequencing of a French-Canadian AIS cohort with severe scoliosis identified rare variants in the PTPRM gene, which encodes Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase μ (PTPµ). However, these rare variants alone did not account for the pronounced reduction in PTPµ at both mRNA and protein levels in severe AIS cases. This led us to investigate epigenetic regulators and the identification of five microRNAs (miR-103a-3p, miR-107, miR-148a-3p, miR-148b-3p, and miR-152-3p) that target PTPRM mRNA. These microRNAs were significantly elevated in plasma from severe AIS patients, and miR-148b-3p was also upregulated in AIS osteoblasts. Phenotypic analysis of bipedal Ptrprm knockout (PTPµ −/−) mice showed increased prevalence and severity of scoliosis, while quadrupedal PTPµ −/− mice did not develop scoliosis, underscoring PTPµ’s role as a disease-modifying factor. Mechanistically, PTPµ deficiency was found to disrupt Gi-coupled receptor signaling in osteoblasts by enhancing the interaction between osteopontin (OPN) and α5β1 integrin, along with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type I (PIPKIγ90). These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal deformity progression in AIS, linking PTPµ depletion to aberrant OPN-α5β1 integrin signaling and highlighting potential therapeutic targets to stop, mitigate, or prevent scoliosis.
Characterization of the SWEET Gene Family in Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and the Role of VcSWEET6 Related to Sugar Accumulation in Fruit Development
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Jiang Xuxin , Yang Lei , Zhao Dongshuang , Wang Yifei , Zhang Yali , Sun Haiyue , Chen Li , Li Yadong
Published: January 2025

Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) are essential transmembrane proteins involved in plant growth, stress responses, and plant–pathogen interactions. Despite their importance, systematic studies on SWEETs in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are limited. Blueberries are recognized for their rapid growth and the significant impact of sugar content on fruit flavor, yet the role of the SWEET gene family in sugar accumulation during fruit development remains unclear. In this study, 23 SWEET genes were identified in blueberry, and their phylogenetic relationships, duplication events, gene structures, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles were systematically analyzed. The VcSWEET gene family was classified into four clades. Structural and motif analysis revealed conserved exon–intron organization within each clade. RT-qPCR analysis showed widespread expression of VcSWEETs across various tissues and developmental stages, correlating with promoter cis-elements. VcSWEET6a, in particular, was specifically expressed in fruit and showed reduced expression during fruit maturation. Subcellular localization indicated that VcSWEET6a is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Functional assays in yeast confirmed its role in glucose and fructose uptake, with transport activity inhibited at higher sugar concentrations. Overexpression of VcSWEET6a in blueberries resulted in reduced sugar accumulation. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of VcSWEETs in blueberry sugar metabolism.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolic Pathway in Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Rufail Miguel L. , Bassi Rosaria , Giussani Paola
Published: January 2025

Cancer biology revolves around understanding how cells undergo uncontrolled proliferation leading to the formation of malignant tumors. Key aspects include self-sufficiency in growth signals, the lack of response to signals of growth inhibition, the evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, the evasion of immune response, the capacity to invade and metastasize, and alterations in cellular metabolism. A vast amount of research, which is exponentially growing, over the past few decades highlights the role of sphingolipids in cancer. They act not only as structural membrane components but also as bioactive molecules that regulate cell fate in different physio-pathological conditions. In cancer, sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated, contributing to tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we outline the impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as a key bioactive sphingolipid in cancer. We give an overview of its metabolism summarizing the role of S1P as an intracellular and extracellular mediator through specific plasma membrane receptors in different cancers. We also describe previous findings on how the disruption in the balance between S1P and ceramide (Cer) is common in cancer cells and can contribute to tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. We finally consider the potential of targeting the metabolic pathways of S1P as well as its receptors and transporters as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatments.
Mice with Heterozygous Deletion of Exon 3 in the Gh Gene Demonstrate Growth Retardation Caused by Reduced Ghrhr mRNA
Authors: Ariyasu Daisuke , Higa Daisuke , Tokudome Ryo , Yonemori Takumi , Shimada Hayate , Shibata Shinsuke , Araki Kimi
Published: January 2025

Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Type 2 (IGHD2) is caused by a heterozygous splice site variant in intron 3 of the GH1 gene. The resulting exon 3-skipped growth hormone (Δ3 GH), produced from the mutated allele, exerts a dominant-negative effect, leading to growth hormone (GH) deficiency. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. While several model murine models expressing human Δ3 GH have been developed, no IGHD2 mouse models featuring variants in the endogenous Gh gene currently exist. We generated a mouse model (Gh+/Δ3) with a heterozygous deletion of exon 3 in the Gh gene using CRISPR/Cas9 system. The Gh+/Δ3 model exhibited GH deficiency caused by a dominant-negative effect at the mRNA level, characterized by reduced Gh mRNA expression. This mechanism parallels findings in our previous humanized IGHD2 mouse model, where the deficiency was driven by decreased Ghrhr mRNA expression. Transcriptome analysis of the pituitary revealed widespread downregulation of mRNAs encoding membrane and secretory proteins. The dominant-negative effect of Δ3 GH in IGHD2 is mediated by properties of Δ3 GH that are conserved across both humans and mice. This mechanism involves the downregulation of mRNAs, including those encoding membrane and secretory proteins, such as Ghrhr mRNA.