bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the Photoreduction of Tc‐99 Pertechnetate to Low‐Valent Tc by Keggin Polyoxometalates
Authors: Radivojevic Jovanovic Ivana , Gallagher Colleen M. B. , Salcedo Ramsey , Lukens Wayne W. , Burton‐Pye Benjamin P. , McGregor Donna , Francesconi Lynn C.
Published: April 2020

Technetium‐99 (half‐life of 2.1 × 105 yrs, βmax = 0.29 MeV) is a hazardous radiological contaminant, which, in its predominant form of pertechnetate (TcO4–), is highly mobile in the environment. Most strategies for the removal of pertechnetate from the environment involve uptake and/or absorption of pertechnetate using resins, clays, cationic metal‐organic frameworks and even thorium borate ceramic like materials. Alternative approaches have involved the reduction and subsequent sequestration of lower valent technetium species using iron, sulfides, or iron sulfides. Our lab has explored this strategy using the lacunary alpha‐2 Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate (α2‐[P2W17O61]10–) to both reduce and sequester lower valent technetium, and we have reported on the ligand features that stabilize the reduced species. In this work we investigate the potential of “plenary” Keggin POMs (XW12O40n–) (X = P, Si, Al, n = 3, 4, 5, respectively) to both reduce TcO4– and stabilize the reduced Tc species. Specifically, we report on the mechanism by which the reduction of technetium occurs and find that PW12, SiW12, and AlW12 promote the reduction of TcO4– to lower valent states. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy was used to confirm a combination of TcIV {in the form of TcO2·2H2O and Tc2(µ‐O)24+} and TcV, which is subsequently complexed into a POM defect as a TcV=O species.
In Silico Search for Boron‐Beryllium Dative Bond
Authors: Kalita Amlan Jyoti , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Kashyap Chayanika , Ullah Sabnam S. , Chakraborty Antara , Guha Ankur K.
Published: April 2020

Quantum chemical calculations have been performed to search for the possibility of dative bond formation between two old neighbors, boron and beryllium. The studied compounds have been found to have high bond dissociation energies. The thermodynamics of their formation is also very favorable. Different bonding as well as topological analyses confirm the presence of a dative bond between the two neighbors. Owing to the scarcity of B–Be bonded compounds, this study aims to extend the library of such compounds.
trans‐Influence in Heavy Main Group Compounds: A Case Study on Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Bismuth Complexes
Authors: Balasubramaniam Selvakumar , Kumar Sandeep , Andrews Alex P. , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Venugopal Ajay
Published: April 2020

Compounds of heavy main group elements possessing polarized primary bonds exhibit trans‐influence. The extent of secondary interactions at the electrophilic sites trans to the primary bonds provides an understanding on the Lewis acidity exhibited by the main group element center, thus forming the basis for designing Lewis acid catalysts. Hydridotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate(TpMe2), a C3v symmetric tridentate σ‐donor ligand, offers an opportunity to explore trans‐influence in Bi(III) compounds in the presence of donor ligands with varying nucleophilicity. We have examined a series of TpMe2Bi species by accessing five new moieties [TpMe2BiCl3]–, (TpMe2)2Bi+, TpMe2BiCl(OTf), TpMe2Bi(OTf)2 and [TpMe2Bi(solvent)3]2+ in addition to the recently reported TpMe2BiCl2, TpMe2Bi2+, [TpMe2Bi]2[Bi3Cl13] and K[TpMe2Bi(OTf)3]. Analysis of structures by X‐ray crystallographic studies and computational analysis on TpMe2Bi species establish the variation of trans‐influence and demonstrate a continuum in bonding of TpMe2 to bismuth correlating with the degree of nucleophilicity of the trans‐ligands.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Prognostics Using Genetic Algorithm and Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Chen K. , Laghrouche S. , Djerdir A.
Published: April 2020

The prognostics can predict the degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to formulate a reasonable maintenance plan for improving its lifetime and performance. In this paper, the voltage degradation for PEMFC at different conditions is predicted, by using a novel prognostics method based on genetic algorithm (GA) and extreme learning machine (ELM). The novel prognostics method considers the effects of the PEMFC load current, relative humidity, hydrogen pressure, and temperature on the degradation for PEMFC. Firstly, the voltage degradation prediction model for PEMFC is built by the ELM. Then, the GA is adopted to determine the optimal parameter of the proposed degradation prediction model. Finally, the voltage degradation prediction of the proposed prognostics method is validated, using data derived from the PEMFC in actual postal fuel cell electric vehicle (PFCEV) at real conditions and PEMFC at dynamic load current. The experimental results show that the proposed prognostics method can obtain good voltage degradation prediction for PEMFC in PFCEV at real conditions. The proposed method achieves better voltage degradation prediction for PEMFC at dynamic load current than other traditional data‐based prognostics methods.
Eccrine porocarcinoma of the head and neck: Meta‐analysis of 120 cases
Authors: Le Nguyen‐Son , Janik Stefan , Liu David T. , Grasl Stefan , Faisal Muhammad , Pammer Johannes , Schickinger‐Fischer Bettina , Hamzavi Jafar‐Sasan , Seemann Rudolf , Erovic Boban M.
Published: April 2020

Background

The aim of the study is to analyze potential prognostic factors and to evaluate therapy strategies regarding clinical outcome in patients with eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) of the head and neck.

Methods

One hundred and sixteen EPC cases from ninety studies and four authors' EPC cases were included in the meta‐analysis.

Results

At an average follow up of 20.48 months, the 3‐year overall survival and regional recurrence rate were 70.3% and 19.0%, respectively. Patients without surgical treatment had a significantly worse 3‐year overall survival. Mohs microscopic surgery led to significantly less occurrence of regional recurrences compared to wide excision. An ulcerating lesion, high mitotic activity, and lymphovascular invasion were significant prognostic factors.

Conclusion

Surgical resection is the cornerstone in the therapy of EPC and represents the therapeutic modality that offers the best chance of disease‐free survival. Due to the high probability of recurrence, close follow‐ups are strongly recommended.
Effect of combination of curcumin and GLUT‐1 AS‐ODN on radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma through regulating autophagy
Authors: Dai Li‐Bo , Yu Qi , Zhou Shui‐Hong , Bao Yang‐Yang , Zhong Jiang‐Tao , Shen Li‐Fang , Lu Zhong‐Jie , Fan Jun , Huang Ya‐Ping
Published: April 2020

Background

This study is to explore the role of curcumin and GLUT‐1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS‐ODN) on autophagy modulation‐initiated radiosensitivity.

Methods

BALB/c mice were employed to establish xenograft model using Tu212 cell. The expression of autophagy‐ and apoptosis‐related proteins was determined by WB. Autophagosome was observed under transmission electron microscope. Apoptosis of tumor tissue were detected by TUNEL staining.

Results

Combinations of curcumin and GLUT‐1 AS‐ODN with 10 Gy inhibited the tumor growth by inducing apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells followed with the enhancement of autophagy. 3‐MA also had a promotion effect on irradiation‐mediated growth inhibition possibly by depressing PI3K and on curcumin/GLUT‐1 AS‐ODN‐mediated growth inhibition potentially by regulating autophagic events. Of note, a de‐escalation of radiotherapy dose (5 Gy) along with curcumin, GLUT‐1 AS‐ODN or 3‐MA produced a stronger effect than high dosage of radiotherapy (10 Gy) alone.

Conclusions

Curcumin and GLUT‐1 AS‐ODN improve the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma through regulating autophagy and inducing apoptosis.
Investigation of soil water hydrological process in the permafrost active layer using stable isotopes
Authors: Li Zongjie , Ma Jinzhu , Song Lingling , Gui Juan , Xue Jian , Zhang Baijuan , Gao Wende , Li Zongxing
Published: April 2020

Here, we studied the isotope characteristics and source contributions of soil water in the permafrost active layer by collecting soil samples in July 2018 in Yangtze River basin. Soil moisture and temperature showed decreasing trends from 0–80 cm, and an increasing trend from 80–100 cm. The value of δ18O and δD first increased and then decreased in the soil profile of 0–100 cm; however, d‐excess increased from 0–100 cm. δ18O values became gradually positive from the southwest to northeast of the study area, while d‐excess gradually increased from southeast to northwest. The evaporation water line (EL) was δD = 7.56 δ18O + 1.50 (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.01, n = 96). Due to intense solar radiation and evaporation on the Tibetan Plateau, the elevation did not impact the surface soil. The altitude effect of the soil depths of 0–20 cm was not obvious, but the other soil layers had a significant altitude effect. Soil moisture and temperature were closely related to the stable isotopic composition of soil water. The contribution of precipitation to soil water on the sunny slope was 86%, while the contribution of the shady slope was 84%. However, the contribution of ground ice to soil water on sunny slope was 14% and the shady slope was 16%. The contribution of ground ice to soil water increased with increasing altitude on the sunny slope, but the contribution of ground ice to soil water had no obvious trend on the shady slope.
Development of automatic glioma brain tumor detection system using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Kalaiselvi Thiruvenkadam , Padmapriya Thiyagarajan , Sriramakrishnan Padmanaban , Priyadharshini Venugopal
Published: April 2020

We have developed six convolutional neural network (CNN) models for finding optimal brain tumor detection system on high‐grade glioma and low‐grade glioma lesions from voluminous magnetic resonance imaging human brain scans. Glioma is the most common form of brain tumor. The models are constructed based on the different combinations and settings of hyperparameters with conventional CNN architecture. The six models are two layers with five epochs, five layers with dropout, five layers with stopping criteria (FLSC), FLSC and dropout (FLSCD), FLSC and batch normalization (FLSCBN), and FLSCBN and dropout. The models were trained and tested with BraTS2013 and whole brain atlas data sets. Among them, FLSCBN model yielded the best classification results for brain tumor detection. Experimental results revealed that our deep learning approach was better than the conventional state‐of‐art methods.
Reduced amino acid Schiff base containing ruthenium(III) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction, and in vitro cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Zhaokuo , Yang Ziwei , Wu Yujing , Yuan Zhen , Du Jianlong , Li Lijun
Published: April 2020

A number of reduced amino Schiff base ligands and corresponding ruthenium(III) complexes were designed and prepared based on the fact that amino acids not only possess multiple coordinate atoms but also improve the solubility of drugs in the body. The interaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA was analyzed with spectroscopic methods of ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra, DNA competitive binding with ethidium bromide, circular dichroism spectra, and DNA melting experiments, and DNA viscosity measurements, indicating that the complexes bind to DNA primarily in the grooving mode. With respect to the ligands, the cytotoxicity in vitro of the complexes against Hela, A549, and MCF‐7 cells was much enhanced, with most of the IC50 values less than 50 μM or even comparable with those of cisplatin.
Genetic Counseling Service Delivery Models in the United States: Assessment of changes in use from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Greenberg Samantha E. , Boothe Emily , Delaney Christine L. , Noss Ryan , Cohen Stephanie A.
Published: April 2020

In 2010, the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) membership was surveyed about their use of genetic counseling service delivery models (SDMs) including in‐person, telephone, telegenetics, and group genetic counseling. Since that time, the demand for genetic counseling services has increased in the United States (US). We hypothesized that the use of various SDMs has increased to help address the growing demand. To assess for changes in SDM use and interest in implementing innovative SDMs, the NSGC SDM subcommittee sent an electronic survey to the NSGC membership (N = 3,616), which was open from August 2017 to December 2017. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square analysis were used to compare and identify differences in SDM utilization between 2010 and 2017. There were 590 total responses (16.3% response rate) with 517 usable responses, representing multiple genetic counseling specialties. Compared to 2010, significantly fewer respondents indicated they ‘always’ provide services in‐person in 2017 (p < .04, df = 4), with 92.6% of respondents reporting ‘always’ or ‘often’ utilizing in‐person SDM in 2017. Telephone genetic counseling was reported by 12.5% as a model used always or often, compared to 8% in 2010; however, the shift toward or away from telephone genetic counseling since 2010 was not statistically significant (p = .27, df = 4). The number of respondents using telegenetics always or often increased from 2.3% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2017, and more respondents report using telegenetics at an increased frequency (p < .01, df = 4). In contrast, those reporting use of a group genetic counseling SDM always or often decreased from 3.0% to 1.4%, though there was not a significant shift toward or away the frequency of respondents using group genetic counseling (p = .21, df = 4). Almost all respondents (93%) were interested in implementing an additional and/or different SDM; however, many (74%) identified barriers to implementation. There was an increase in those reporting use of 3 or 4 SDMs in practice since 2010 (p < .02). Genetic counselors may be attempting to compensate for longer wait times by implementing additional SDMs to improve access for patients. There is strong interest in learning about and implementing innovative SDMs to improve access and efficiency. However, resources need to be developed to help genetic counselors identify and overcome implementation barriers to achieve these goals.
Proper orientation number of triangle‐free bridgeless outerplanar graphs
Authors: Ai Jiangdong , Gerke Stefanie , Gutin Gregory , Shi Yongtang , Taoqiu Zhenyu
Published: April 2020

An orientation of is a digraph obtained from by replacing each edge by exactly one of two possible arcs with the same endpoints. We call an orientation proper if neighboring vertices have different in‐degrees. The proper orientation number of a graph , denoted by , is the minimum maximum in‐degree of a proper orientation of . Araujo et al asked whether there is a constant such that for every outerplanar graph and showed that for every cactus . We prove that if is a triangle‐free 2‐connected outerplanar graph and if is a triangle‐free bridgeless outerplanar graph.
CD4/CD8 ratio, comorbidities, and aging in treated HIV infected individuals on viral suppression
Authors: Passos Daniela F. , Bremm João M. , da Silveira Leonardo L. , Jantsch Matheus H. , da Silva Jean L. G. , Disconzi Enzo , Rezer João F. P. , Schwarzbold Alexandre V. , Marques Angela C. F. , Schetinger Maria R. C. , Leal Daniela B. R.
Published: April 2020

The progression of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be efficiently interrupted by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, even successfully treated HIV‐infected individuals are prone to develop non‐AIDS‐related diseases that affect the metabolism and several organs and systems. Biomarkers that predict the occurrence of comorbidities may help develop preventive measures. Current research shows that CD4+ T cell counts and viral load do not predict the development of non‐AIDS‐related diseases. The CD4/CD8 ratio has been indicated as a suitable marker of persistent immune dysfunction and the occurrence of non‐AIDS‐related events in treated HIV‐positive patients. In this study, we explored the relationship between CD4/CD8 ratios, comorbidities, and aging in ART‐treated HIV patients on viral suppression. We collected and evaluated data from 352 HIV‐positive adults who were virologically suppressed (<40 copies/mL) on ART and with CD4 counts above 350 cells/mm3. The median age for participants was 46 years, 218 individuals had at least one comorbidity, and 239 had inverted CD4/CD8 ratios (<1). Current CD4/CD8 ratios were predicted by baseline CD4/CD8 ratios and nadir CD4 counts. Despite the high rates of inverted CD4/CD8 ratios and prevalence of comorbidities, no association between them was observed. The prevalence of comorbidities was significantly higher in older individuals, though aging alone did not explain the rate of all individual comorbidities. Low CD4/CD8 ratios were linked to neurocognitive disorders, suggesting that persistent T cell dysfunction contributes to neurocognitive decline.
Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVID‐19 and adjustment strategy
Authors: Wu Wenzhi , Zhang Yan , Wang Pu , Zhang Li , Wang Guixiang , Lei Guanghui , Xiao Qiang , Cao Xiaochen , Bian Yueran , Xie Simiao , Huang Fei , Luo Na , Zhang Jingyuan , Luo Mingyan
Published: April 2020

COVID‐19 has a significant impact on public health and poses a challenge to medical staffs, especially to front‐line medical staffs who are exposed to and in direct contact with patients. To understand the psychological stress status of medical staffs during the outbreak of COVID‐19, random sample questionnaire survey was conducted among 2110 medical staffs and 2158 college students in all provinces of China through a questionnaire, which was compiled and completed through the Questionnaire Star platform relying on Wechat, QQ, and other social software. The differences in psychological stress status of different groups were compared through the analysis of the questionnaire. Results revealed that in all provinces of China, medical staffs scored significantly higher on all items of psychological stress than college students (P < .001). In Wuhan, medical staffs scored significantly higher than college students in all items of psychological stress (P < .001). While among medical staffs, the group in Wuhan area scored significantly higher than the group outside Wuhan on the following items: "Thought of being in danger," "The possibility of self‐illness," "Worrying about family infection" (P < .05), "Poor sleep quality," "Needing psychological guidance," and "Worrying about being infected" (P < .01) in the Psychological Stress Questionnaire, but on the item "Confidence in the victory of the epidemic," the group in Wuhan area scored significantly lower than the group outside Wuhan (P < .05). The emotion, cognition, physical, and mental response of front‐line medical staff showed obvious "exposure effect", which calls for a psychological crisis intervention strategy that can be helpful.
Respiratory syncytial virus in influenza‐like illness cases: Epidemiology and molecular analyses of four consecutive winter seasons (2014‐2015/2017‐2018) in Lombardy (Northern Italy)
Authors: Pellegrinelli Laura , Galli Cristina , Bubba Laura , Cereda Danilo , Anselmi Giovanni , Binda Sandro , Gramegna Maria , Pariani Elena
Published: April 2020

Background

Besides seasonal influenza viruses (IV), several other pathogens—including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—are involved in clinically undistinguished influenza‐like illnesses (ILIs). This study aimed at investigating the contribution of RSV in ILI cases in Lombardy (Northern Italy) during four consecutive winter seasons.

Materials and Methods

In the framework of influenza surveillance, respiratory samples from ILI outpatients were collected from 2014‐2015 to 2017‐2018 season. IV‐negative swabs were included in the study and analyzed to detect and molecularly characterize RSV‐A and RSV‐B.

Results

A total of 12.9% (135/1047) of samples were positive to RSV that was mostly detected among children ≤5 years (51/183, 27.8%) and those aged 6 to 15 years (30/158, 18.9%), whereas elderly >65 years accounted for 12% of RSV cases (15/125). The median start of RSV epidemic was in the end of November, with a peak in mid‐February and a width of nearly 4 months, almost overlapping seasonal influenza epidemic. RSV‐A and RSV‐B co‐circulated in all considered seasons, with RSV‐B predominating on RSV‐A (63.6% vs 36.4%; P < .001). Most (85.2%) RSV‐A belonged to genotype ON1 and the remaining to NA1. All RSV‐B clustered within the BA genotype.

Conclusions

In this study, RSV significantly contributed to ILI cases, especially among pediatric population (<15 years), although it was detected in all age groups. RSV‐B predominated on RSV‐A, and the most recent evolved genotypes (BA and ON1, respectively) circulated. Investigating the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of RSV in ILI cases can increase baseline epidemiological information before the introduction of RSV vaccination.
Quadrature spatial modulation with space‐time block‐coded CPM MIMO system
Authors: Guowei Lei
Published: April 2020

Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) is recently regarded as a technique to combat inter‐channel interference (ICI) for future wireless systems. In this paper, we consider a system of QSM combining space time block codes (STBC) and continuous phase modulation (CPM). In the system, the spatial constellation symbols are not expanded by two in‐phase and quadrature components, but represented by two STBC symbols. Moreover, we employ K‐means clustering algorithm to decrease the correlation of two transmit antennas. Then in the system, the bit error ratio (BER) performances are derived and evaluated for CPM and linear modulations (PSK, QAM). It is demonstrated that the proposed system has the advantages of BER performance and power spectrum density compared to its counterpart with linear modulations or without K‐means clustering of antennas.
“Third‐body” collision parameters for hydrocarbons, alcohols, and hydroperoxides and an effective internal rotor approach for estimating them
Authors: Jasper Ahren W.
Published: April 2020

Collision rate constants and third‐body collision efficiencies are calculated for more than 300 alkanes, alcohols, and hydroperoxides, for the bath gases He, Ar, H2, and N2, and from 300 to 2000 K. The data set includes highly branched species and species with as many as 16 nonhydrogen atoms N, and it is analyzed to develop strategies for estimating collision properties more generally. Simple analytic formulas describing the Lennard‐Jones collision parameters σ and ε are obtained for each of the three classes of systems as a function of N. Trends in the collision efficiency range parameter α = ⟨ΔEd⟩ are more complicated, and a method is developed and validated for estimating α based on the numbers and types of internal rotors and oxygen‐containing groups. Specifically, the approach maps the expected value of α for a branched alkane, alcohol, or hydroperoxide onto those for the corresponding normal (linear) series via an effective number of nonhydrogen atoms Neff. The prescription for Neff is based on counting internal rotor types and is shown to be insensitive to temperature and fairly insensitive to the identity of the bath gas. Together, these strategies allow for the ready estimation of the collision parameters σ, ε, and α so long as results for the associated linear series are available.
High Glucose and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Ablation Differentially Impact Whole Body and Liver Phenotype in High‐Fat Pair‐Fed Mice
Authors: Martin Gregory G. , Landrock Danilo , McIntosh Avery L. , Milligan Sherrelle , Landrock Kerstin K. , Kier Ann B. , Mackie John , Schroeder Friedhelm
Published: April 2020

Ad libitum‐fed diets high in fat and carbohydrate (especially fructose) induce weight gain, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans and animal models. However, interpretation is complicated since ad libitum feeding of such diets induces hyperphagia and upregulates expression of liver fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP)—a protein intimately involved in fatty acid and glucose regulation of lipid metabolism. Wild‐type (WT) and L‐fabp gene ablated (LKO) mice were pair‐fed either high‐fat diet (HFD) or high‐fat/high‐glucose diet (HFGD) wherein total carbohydrate was maintained constant but the proportion of glucose was increased at the expense of fructose. In LKO mice, the pair‐fed HFD increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) but had no effect on fat tissue mass (FTM) or hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair‐fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and sterol carrier protein‐2), but lower hepatic fatty acid oxidation (decreased serum β‐hydroxybutyrate). LKO mice pair‐fed HFGD also exhibited increased body weight; however, these mice had increased FTM, not LTM, and increased hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair‐fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice also exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and acyl‐CoA binding protein, but not sterol carrier protein‐2), but there was no change in hepatic fatty acid oxidation (serum β‐hydroxybutyrate) as compared to pair‐fed WT counterparts.
Microbial community overlap between the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of three plants from Yongxing Island, South China Sea
Authors: Bao Lijun , Cai Wenyang , Cao Jianxi , Zhang Xiaofen , Liu Jinhong , Chen Hao , Wei Yuansong , Zhuang Xuliang , Zhuang Guoqiang , Bai Zhihui
Published: April 2020

Phyllosphere and rhizosphere are unique and wide‐ranging habitats that harbor various microbial communities, which influence plant growth and health, and the productivity of the ecosystems. In this study, we characterized the shared microbiome of the phyllosphere and rhizosphere among three plants (Ipomoea pes‐caprae, Wedelia chinensis, and Cocos nucifera), to obtain an insight into the relationships between bacteria (including diazotrophic bacteria) and fungi, present on these host plants. Quantitative PCR showed that the abundances of the microbiome in the soil samples were significantly higher than those in the phyllosphere samples, though there was an extremely low abundance of fungi in bulk soil. High‐throughput sequencing showed that the alpha‐diversity of bacteria and fungi was higher in the rhizosphere than the phyllosphere samples associated with the same plant, while there was no obvious shift in the alpha‐diversity of diazotrophic communities between all the tested phyllosphere and soil samples. Results of the microbial composition showed that sample‐specific bacteria and fungi were found among the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of the different host plants. About 10%–27% of bacteria, including diazotrophs, and fungi overlapped between the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere of these host plants. No significant difference in microbial community structure was found among the tested rhizosphere samples, and soil properties had a higher influence on the soil microbial community structures than the host plant species.
Ultra‐wideband fluidically steered antipodal Vivaldi antenna array
Authors: Goode Ian , Saavedra Carlos E.
Published: April 2020

An ultra‐wideband 1 × 4 antipodal Vivaldi antenna array with microfluidic beam steering is reported. The antipodal configuration is selected for its microstrip feed line, which is convenient for implementation of the phase‐shifting structure. Each antenna element uses a true‐time‐delay phase shifter consisting of nine microfluidic channels under its feed line in which deionized (DI) water, ɛ
r = 77 + j13 (tanδ = 0.17) at 3 GHz, is pumped to change the speed of the propagating wave. The array was fabricated using a 1.52 mm thick substrate with ɛ
r = 3.55 and tanδ = 0.0027. Each antenna element and phase shifter measures 55 mm × 140 mm. Measurements show that the array yields up to 90° of beam steering from 3 to 6.5 GHz and up to 40° of steering from 6.5 to 10 GHz. The array has a maximum realized gain of 13.1 dBi, and a half‐power beamwidth of less than 40° for all configurations.
Management of Data-Limited Fisheries: Identifying Informative Data to Achieve Sustainable Fisheries
Authors: Sun Ming , Li Yunzhou , Zhang Chongliang , Xu Binduo , Ren Yiping , Chen Yong
Published: April 2020

Sustainable fisheries management is built on effective management strategies and informative data that are usually well defined for data-rich fisheries. However, their counterparts in data-limited fisheries remain inadequately evaluated due to insufficient data for stock assessments. This raises two questions: (1) can data-limited management strategies achieve sustainable fisheries and (2) are certain types of data more informative than others are in developing sustainable data-limited fisheries? To address these questions, we performed management strategy evaluation with data-rich stocks to simulate data-limited fisheries management. The performance of data-limited management procedures (MPs) was compared with the performance of management strategies that are based on data-rich stock assessments. We examined the informative nature of six data categories in data-limited situations by developing a tier system that mimicked different data availability levels and evaluating their contributions to management success. Our study showed that it is possible to achieve maximum sustainable yield (MSY) with limited data, given the proper choice of MPs. In addition, the data categories were not equally informative to the development of sustainable data-limited fisheries management. In our case study, the MPs using the data on stock size and quantitative management targets (target proxy) demonstrated the highest management success rates. The most effective (100% management success rate) while least data-demanding MPs included minlenLopt1, SPMSY, MCD, Itarget1, and ICI. We also confirmed that the performance of the data-limited MPs was closely related to historical stock dynamics and levels of data availability. We suggest considering historical stock trends and data availability levels as critical prerequisites in the management of data-limited fisheries.
Novel collagen‐based hydrogels with injectable, self‐healing, wound‐healing properties via a dynamic crosslinking interaction
Authors: Ding Cuicui , Yang Qili , Tian Mengdie , Guo Chenchen , Deng Feng , Dang Yuan , Zhang Min
Published: April 2020

Collagen‐based hydrogels have gained significant popularity in biomedical applications; however, traditional collagen hydrogels are easily disabled for lack of self‐healing properties due to their non‐reversible bonds. Here, a self‐healing collagen‐based hydrogel has been developed based on dynamic network chemistry, consisting of dynamic imine linkages between collagen and dialdehyde guar gum, as well as diol‐borate ester bonds between guar gum and borax. In addition, macromolecular interactions amongst macromolecules are involved. The above‐mentioned interactions were validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and DSC. The as‐prepared collagen‐based hydrogels showed good injectability and rapid self‐healing capacity (within 3 min) as reflected from injection tests, optical microscope observations, rheological measurements, as well as self‐healing studies. In addition, the collagen‐based hydrogels showed accelerated wound‐healing properties. This study offers a facile strategy to endow self‐healing ability on collagen‐based hydrogels without any external stimulus, which show great application potential as wound dressings. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) as a versatile green solvent for the synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers via ROP, FRP, and RAFT tandem polymerizations
Authors: Englezou Georgia , Kortsen Kristoffer , Pacheco Ana A. C. , Cavanagh Robert , Lentz Joachim C. , Krumins Eduards , Sanders‐Velez Carlos , Howdle Steven M. , Nedoma Alisyn J. , Taresco Vincenzo
Published: April 2020

2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) is a readily available, inexpensive, neoteric, bio‐based solvent. It has been adopted across a wide range of chemical processes including the batch manufacture of fine chemicals, enzymatic polycondensations and ring opening polymerizations. To reduce the environmental burden related to the synthesis of pharmaceutical‐grade polymers based on lactide and caprolactone, we envisaged the use of 2‐MeTHF. For the first time, we combined a series of metal‐free and enzymatic ROPs with free radical and controlled RAFT polymerizations (carried out separately and in tandem) in 2‐MeTHF, in order to easily tune the chemistry and the architecture of the final polymers. After a simple purification, the amphiphilic polymers were formulated into nanoparticles and tested for their cytocompatibility in three model cell lines, to assess their application as potential polymeric excipients for nanomedicines.
Relationships between Raman parameters obtained from cyclic indentation impressions on DLC coatings
Authors: Takagawa Yuka , Nakamura Morimasa , Miura Ken‐ichi , Kobata Junpei
Published: April 2020

Diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings were indented 3000 to 15 000 times cyclically using a Si3N4 sphere having a diameter of 10 mm under a normal load of approximately 107 N. DLC coatings were prepared by unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering under substrate bias voltage of −200 on a heat‐treated and polished JIS SCM 415 substrates. SEM images and the energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX) results of the indented impressions showed that a Cr/C layer or substrate surface partially revealed on the impressions. In order to estimate structural alterations in DLC coatings after cyclic indentations, Raman spectroscopy were performed on the impressions. Relationships between Raman parameters such as the intensity ratio I(D)/I(G) of the disorder peak around 1350 cm−1 and the graphitic peak around 1580 cm−1 and full width of half maximum of the G peak (FWHM(G)) were estimated with the Raman spectroscopy on the impressions. Enclosed area by maximum and minimum of I(D)/I(G) and FWHM(G) was defined as “Safety Zone” in this paper, and it can be used to determine integrity of DLC coatings.
Safety of Major Abdominal Operations in the Elderly: A Study of Geriatric‐Specific Determinants of Health
Authors: Martin Allison N. , Hoagland Darian L. , Turrentine Florence E. , Jones R. Scott , Zaydfudim Victor M.
Published: April 2020

Background

Preoperative assessment of geriatric‐specific determinants of health may enhance perioperative risk stratification among elderly patients. This study examines effects of geriatric‐specific variables on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing elective major abdominal operations.

Methods

Patients included in the ACS NSQIP pilot Geriatric Surgery Research File program who underwent elective pancreatic, liver, and colorectal operations between 2014 and 2016 were examined. Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate associations between patient‐specific geriatric variables and risk of death, morbidity, readmission, and discharge destination.

Results

A total of 4165 patients were included. Patients ≥85 years were more likely to die, experience postoperative morbidity, and be discharged to a facility (all p ≤ 0.039) than younger patients. Preoperatively, patients ≥85 years were more likely to use a mobility aid, have a prior fall, have consent signed by a surrogate, and to live alone at home prior to operation (all p < 0.001). After adjustment for ACS NSQIP‐estimated probabilities of morbidity or mortality, no geriatric‐specific preoperative risk factors were significantly associated with increased risk of death or complications in any age group (all p > 0.055). Patients 75–84 and ≥85 years were more likely to be discharged to facility (OR 2.33 and 4.75, respectively, both p < 0.001) compared to patients 65–74 years. All geriatric‐specific variables: use of mobility aid, living alone, consent signed by a surrogate, and fall history, were significantly associated with discharge to a facility (all p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

After adjusting for comorbid conditions, geriatric‐specific variables are not associated with postoperative mortality and morbidity among elderly patients; however, geriatric‐specific variables are significantly associated with discharge to a facility.
Cold-water coral reefs thriving under hypoxia
Authors: Hebbeln Dierk , Wienberg Claudia , Dullo Wolf-Christian , Freiwald André , Mienis Furu , Orejas Covadonga , Titschack Jürgen
Published: April 2020

Reefs formed by scleractinian cold-water corals represent unique biodiversity hot spots in the deep sea, preferring aphotic water depths of 200–1000 m. The distribution of the most prominent reef-building species Lophelia pertusa is controlled by various environmental factors including dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperature. Consequently, the expected ocean deoxygenation and warming triggered by human-induced global change are considered as a serious threat to cold-water coral reefs. Here, we present results on recently discovered reefs in the SE Atlantic, where L. pertusa thrives in hypoxic and rather warm waters. This sheds new light on its capability to adapt to extreme conditions, which is facilitated by high surface ocean productivity, resulting in extensive food supply. Putting our data in an Atlantic-wide perspective clearly demonstrates L. pertusa’s ability to develop population-specific adaptations, which are up to now hardly considered in assessing its present and future distributions.
On the performance of wavelength meters: Part 2—frequency-comb based characterization for more accurate absolute wavelength determinations
Authors: König Kristian , Imgram Phillip , Krämer Jörg , Maaß Bernhard , Mohr Konstantin , Ratajczyk Tim , Sommer Felix , Nörtershäuser Wilfried
Published: April 2020

Wavelength meters are widely used for frequency determinations and stabilization purposes since they cover a large wavelength range, provide a high read-out rate and have specified accuracies of up to $$10^{-8}$$10-8. More accurate optical frequency measurements can be achieved with frequency combs but only at the price of considerably higher costs and complexity. In the context of precise and accurate frequency determinations for high-resolution laser spectroscopy, the performance of five different wavelength meters was quantified with respect to a frequency comb. The relative precision as well as the absolute accuracy has been investigated in detail, allowing us to give a sophisticated uncertainty margin for the individual instruments. We encountered a prominent substructure on the deviation between both device types with an amplitude of a few MHz that is repeating on the GHz scale. This finally limits the precision of laser scans which are monitored and controlled with wavelength meters. While quantifying its uncertainty margins, we found a high temporal stability in the characteristics of the wavelength meters which enables the preparation of wavelength-dependent adjustment curves for wide- and short-ranged scans. With this method, the absolute accuracy of wavelength meters can be raised up to the MHz level independently from the wavelength of the reference laser used for calibrating the device. Since this technique can be universally applied, it can lead to benefits in all fields of wavelength meter applications.
Cross-sectoral video consultations in cancer care: perspectives of cancer patients, oncologists and general practitioners
Authors: Trabjerg Theis Bitz , Jensen Lars Henrik , Søndergaard Jens , Sisler Jeffrey James , Hansen Dorte Gilså
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Multidisciplinary video consultations are one method of improving coherence and coordination of care in cancer patients, but knowledge of user perspectives is lacking. Continuity of care is expected to have a significant impact on the quality of cancer care. Enhanced task clarification and shared responsibility between the patient, oncologist and general practitioner through video consultations might provide enhanced continuity in cancer care.

Method

We used descriptive survey data from patients and doctors in the intervention group based on a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the user perspectives and fidelity of the intervention.

Results

Patients expressed that they were able to present their concerns in 95% of the consultations, and believed it was beneficial to have both their doctors present in 84%. The general practitioner and oncologist found that tripartite video consultation would lead to better coordination of care in almost 90% of the consultations. However, the benefits of handling social issues and comorbidity were sparser. Consultations were not accomplished in 11% due to technical problems and sound and video quality were non-satisfactory in 20%.

Conclusion

Overall, multidisciplinary video consultations between cancer patient, general practitioner and oncologist were feasible in daily clinics. Initial barriers to address were technical issues and seamless planning. Patients reported high satisfaction, patient centredness and clarity of roles. General practitioners and oncologists were overall positive regarding role clarification and continuity, although less pronounced than patients.

Trial registration

www.clincialtrials.gov, NCT02716168.
What happens to young adults who have engaged in self-injurious behavior as adolescents? A 10-year follow-up
Authors: Daukantaitė Daiva , Lundh Lars-Gunnar , Wångby-Lundh Margit , Claréus Benjamin , Bjärehed Jonas , Zhou Ya , Liljedahl Sophie I.
Published: April 2020

This study examined the longitudinal associations between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in early adolescence and various positive and negative aspects of mental health in young adulthood. The participants were a cohort of regular school students (n = 1064) in grades 7–8 from a Swedish municipality. Nine hundred and ninety-one of these completed an 11-page questionnaire (T1: Mage = 13.7; 50.3% girls); 1 year later, 984 students completed the questionnaire again (T2: Mage = 14.8; 51.1% girls); and 10 years later, 557 took part (T3: Mage = 25.3; 59.2% women). The prevalence of any NSSI (≥ 1 instance) decreased from about 40% in adolescence to 18.7% in young adulthood, while the prevalence of repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 instances) decreased from about 18 to 10%. Compared to individuals who reported no NSSI as adolescents, and controlling for gender and psychological difficulties in adolescence, adolescents with stable repetitive NSSI (i.e., repetitive NSSI at both T1 and T2) showed significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, NSSI, and difficulties in emotion regulation 10 years later. Even infrequent and unstable repetitive NSSI in adolescence was associated with negative outcomes in young adulthood. These results suggest that stable repetitive NSSI in adolescence is a strong risk factor for mental health problems in young adulthood and that occasional engagement in NSSI in adolescence is an indicator of vulnerability for poorer mental health in young adulthood.
The role of EC-IC bypass in ICA blood blister aneurysms—a systematic review
Authors: Meling Torstein R. , Patet Gildas
Published: April 2020

To perform a systematic review of extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery with parent vessel trapping for blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) according to PRISMA guidelines. Search of PubMed using “bypass” [all fields] and “ICA” [all fields] or “internal carotid artery” [all fields] and (“blood blister–like aneurysm” [MeSH terms]. Thirty-four original articles were identified, of which 21 were excluded (treatment not including bypass or insufficient details on complications or clinical outcomes). Thirteen articles published between 2008 and 2019 were included, totaling 98 patients, with a median of 7.5 patients per article (range 1–17). Mean age was 53.3 years (range 23–80). The main techniques were external carotid artery to middle cerebral artery (ECA-MCA) in 81% and superficial temporal artery to MCA (STA-MCA) in 19%. The most common grafts were radial artery (74%) and STA (19%). The risk of intraoperative rupture varied from 0 to 75%, with a mean of 12%. With respect to clinical outcomes, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was not stated in 30% of the cases. When stated, mRS was ≤ 2 in 79%, mRS was 3–5 in 10%, and 4% had mRS 6 (death). We identified only 13 articles, with no prospective studies. Outcomes were better than generally reported for ruptured aneurysms, both with respect to poor outcome (mRS > 2) and in-hospital mortality, perhaps reflecting a selection bias. In general, the data reporting quality was low, precluding any firm conclusions, but EC-IC bypass with ICA trapping may be a valid treatment option for ruptured ICA BBAs.
Art-Science Collaboration in an EPSRC/BBSRC-Funded Synthetic Biology UK Research Centre
Authors: Reinsborough Michael
Published: April 2020

Here I examine the potential for art-science collaborations to be the basis for deliberative discussions on research agendas and direction. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has become a science policy goal in synthetic biology and several other high-profile areas of scientific research. While art-science collaborations offer the potential to engage both publics and scientists and thus possess the potential to facilitate the desired “mutual responsiveness” (René von Schomberg) between researchers, institutional actors, publics and various stakeholders, there are potential challenges in effectively implementing collaborations as well as dangers in potentially instrumentalizing artistic work for science policy or innovation agendas when power differentials in collaborations remain unacknowledged. Art-science collaborations can be thought of as processes of exchange which require acknowledgement of and attention to artistic agendas (how can science be a conceptual and material resource for new aesthetics work) as well as identification of and attention to aesthetic dimensions of scientific research (how are aesthetics and affective framings a part of a specific epistemological resource for scientific research). I suggest the advantage of specifically identifying public engagement/science communication as a distinct aspect of such projects so that aesthetic, scientific or social science/philosophical research agendas are not subsumed to the assumption that the primary or only value of art-science collaborations is as a form of public engagement or science communication to mediate biological research community public relations. Likewise, there may be potential benefits of acknowledging an art-science-RRI triangle as stepping stone to a more reflexive research agenda within the STS/science communication/science policy community. Using BrisSynBio, an EPSRC/BBSRC-funded research centre in synthetic biology, I will discuss the framing for art-science collaborations and practical implementation and make remarks on what happened there. The empirical evidence reviewed here supports the model I propose but additionally, points to the need to broaden the conception of and possible purposes, or motivations for art, for example, in the case of cross-sectoral collaboration with community engaged art.
Streben nach Macht fern von Ethik: Die „dunkle Triade“ bei Führungskräften und die Folgen für Organisationen
Authors: Schiemann Sandra Julia , Jonas Eva
Published: April 2020

Die dunkle Triade – bestehend aus Narzissmus, Machiavellismus und Psychopathie – ist mit stark unethischen Verhaltensweisen verknüpft. Personen mit hohen Ausprägungen können dementsprechend zu vielen negativen Folgen für eine Organisation führen. In diesem Artikel wird die dunkle Triade mit ihren Risiken genauer beleuchtet und die Relevanz einer ethischen Unternehmenskultur betont, die bereits bei der Stellenbesetzung beginnen sollte. Der Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zur dunklen Triade in Organisationen und ergänzt diese durch Interviews aus Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft.