bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Tobacco Companies in Nigeria Complying With Health Warning Label Regulations on Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products?
Authors: Oyapero Afolabi , Erinoso Olufemi , Kareem Samson
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Nigeria has approved 50% coverage of text and images of pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) on packages of cigarettes and other tobacco products such as cigars, smokeless tobacco, and loose tobacco. While there is knowledge on the extent to which LMICs like Nigeria adopt the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC), there is a need to examine the compliance with adopted packaging and labeling policies to generate knowledge for strengthening existing policies and efforts at enforcement. We assessed agreement with FCTC regulations as well as compliance with Nigerian requirements which are not adequate and do not effectively capture all FCTC requirements to identify the gaps being explored by these companies in an environment of poor regulation in Lagos, Nigeria.

METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in Lagos State, Nigeria, from October 2022 to January 2023. A multistage random sampling method was utilized. Four local government areas (LGAs) with a combined population of 16 million, accounting for 70% of the population in Lagos, Nigeria were selected while three points‑of‑sale were randomly picked from two selected wards in each LGA. Empty discarded packs of cigarettes and other tobacco products were collected from these outlets. The pack dimensions were measured and assessed for PHWLs, health warning manipulations, and cessation assistance. Findings were assessed for compliance with the FCTC and national legislation. For each compliance feature, we calculated the frequencies and percentages of the packs that were compliant.

RESULTS: 704 packs: 434 packs of 22 cigarette brands and 270 packs of 17 different tobacco products including cigars, snuff and loose tobacco were included in the study. Of 434 cigarette packs assessed, 50.3% were compliant with 9 indicators measured. These ranged from 48.8% to 55.5% for individual brands. For cessation assistance, image variability and image manipulation, compliance was 0% across all cigarette packs. Out of 270 tobacco product packs assessed, 10.6% were compliant with the 9 indicators assessed. Of the 12 multinational parent companies and product distributors assessed, the overall level of compliance among them was 24.9%. Level of compliance was noted to very low for companies involved in marketing other tobacco products, ranging from 0% to 20% but moderate for those marketing cigarettes, ranging from 37% to 55.5%. Companies that had no presence or subsidiaries in Nigeria but only exported their products were highly non-compliant.

CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco companies had low compliance with PHWL on cigarettes and negligible compliance on other tobacco products like cigars, and loose and smokeless tobacco. The government should expand and strictly enforce all regulations applying to health warnings, especially on non-cigarette tobacco products and closely monitor companies that merely export their products to the country.
Fixed-Sized Clusters k-Means
Authors: Malinen Mikko I. , Fränti Pasi
Published: February 2025

We present a \(k\)-means-based clustering algorithm, which optimizes the mean square error, for given cluster sizes. A straightforward application is balanced clustering, where the sizes of each cluster are equal. In the \(k\)-means assignment phase, the algorithm solves an assignment problem using the Hungarian algorithm. This makes the assignment phase time complexity \(O(n^3)\). This enables clustering of datasets of size more than 5000 points.
Milky Blood and Bloody Stools: A Twist Of Fate Spotting Of Neonatal Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Venugopal Aishwarya , Rahul Aswathy , Sujatha Radhika , Duraisamy Prakash , Anupriya A V , Kumar Nikhil , Nema Meghna
Published: February 2025

Hyperlipoproteinemia is a very rare condition in a neonate and its mechanism includes lipoprotein molecular defect, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, or lipoprotein receptor defect. The common ones are familial combined hyperlipidemias, familial & polygenic hypercholesterolemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia. Usually, the detection is by accidental observation of milky blood while sampling for non-specific symptoms. Hyperlipoproteinemia can cause acute pancreatitis and early-onset cardiovascular disease if left untreated. Here we are reporting the case of a 25-day-old baby who presented with blood in stools. Physical examination was normal. Incidentally, it was found that the blood was highly viscous and milky. Complete lipid profile done suggested familial combined hyperlipidemia. The baby was started on Gemfibrozil (20 mg/kg twice daily) and continued on exclusive breast feeds along with the addition of medium chain triglyceride oil and multivitamins. Lipoprotein levels normalized within 5 months. This condition requires lifelong follow up.
М'ЯСНА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ОВЕЦЬ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ПОРОДНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ
Authors: Голубенко Тетяна Леонідівна , Ткаченко Тетяна Юріївна
Published: February 2025

Вівчарство – значне джерело виробництва м'яса. Так, частка баранини в м'ясному балансі країни займає від 5-6,5%, а в окремих регіонах країни, де вона є необхідним продуктом для приготування національних блюд, досягає 30% і більш. Успішний розвиток вівчарства значною мірою залежить від врахування біологічних особливостей овець, які, на відміну від інших жуйних, здатні споживати значно більше видів рослин. Вони невибагливі до кормів, досить ефективно використовують поживні післяукісні залишки, а також залишкову рослинність пасовищ після випасання на них інших видів тварин. Забійний вихід, як одна з основних господарсько-корисних ознак при селекції на підвищення м'ясної продуктивності, варіював у групах від 44,2 до 44,9%. Використання промислового схрещування вівцематок породи меринос і баранів дорпер сприяє підвищенню м'ясної продуктивності помісних ягнят по відношенню до чистопородних мериносів цього стада. У помісних баранчиків площа «м'язового вічка» порівняно з чистопородними однолітками була вищою на 18,9%. Отримані результати свідчать про більш високі м'ясні переваги і кращу якість туш ягнят помісної групи. М'ясо помісей виявилося на момент забою більш зрілим – коефіцієнт стиглості становить 43,59%, що вище на 1,24, ніж в контролі. За кількістю відкладеного в туші протеїну відзначено збільшення його вмісту у помісних тварин. Маса відрубів I сорту в абсолютному та відносному співвідношенні найбільшою була у тушах двопородних баранчиків. Перевага молодняку 2 групи з цього показника становило 16,8%. М'ясні якості тварин визначає і співвідношення тканин у туші. У процесі вивчення морфологічного складу туш було виявлено чітка різниця між баранчиками піддослідних груп. У тушах помісних баранчиків вміст м'якоті становило 11,4 кг, що вище порівняно з контрольною групою на 1,5 кг або 15,1%.
ДЖЕРЕЛА ПРОТЕЇНУ У ГОДІВЛІ СВИНЕЙ
Authors: Сичов Михайло Юрійович , Ільчук Ігор Іванович , Баланчук Іван Миколайович , Уманець Дмитро Петрович , Голубєва Тетяна Анатоліївна , Пітера Владислав Олександрович , Вознюк Роман Русланович
Published: February 2025

Метою цього дослідження було визначення найбільш ефективних джерел протеїну для годівлі свиней, враховуючи поживну цінність, засвоюваність амінокислот, вміст антипоживних речовин, економічну доцільність і виробничі потреби. Це дослідження аналізує сучасні підходи до вибору та застосування рослинних і тваринних джерел білка у годівлі свиней. Особливу увагу приділено критеріям оцінки джерел протеїну, включаючи поживну цінність, доступність, екологічну стійкість, економічну доцільність і потенційні ризики використання антипоживних речовин. Серед рослинних джерел найвищу цінність демонструє соєвий шрот завдяки оптимальному амінокислотному профілю та високій засвоюваності, яка може досягати 90%. Однак важливим аспектом є його попередня обробка для зниження рівня інгібіторів трипсину. Інші рослинні компоненти, такі як ріпаковий і соняшниковий шроти, мають свої переваги, але їх використання обмежується високим вмістом клітковини і нижчим рівнем ключових амінокислот, таких як лізин. Бавовняний шрот характеризується токсичністю через наявність госиполу, тоді як горох польовий пропонує низький вміст антипоживних речовин і значну енергетичну цінність. У сфері тваринних джерел білка виділяються продукти крові, рибне та м'ясо-кісткове борошно. Продукти крові забезпечують високий вміст лізину і амінокислот, які легко засвоюються, але потребують ретельної обробки для зниження ризиків забруднення. Рибне борошно містить омега-3 жирні кислоти, що сприятливо впливають на споживання корму, хоча його застосування ускладнене через високу вартість і мінливість якості. М'ясо-кісткове борошно надає необхідні мінерали, але характеризується нижчою засвоюваністю амінокислот через технологічні обмеження. Загалом, ефективне управління раціонами вимагає комплексного підходу до використання джерел протеїну, враховуючи їх властивості, можливості обробки та специфіку годівлі свиней. Збалансоване поєднання рослинних і тваринних джерел протеїну дозволяє підвищити продуктивність, оптимізувати витрати та мінімізувати екологічний вплив виробництва.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ДИДАКТИЧНИХ ІГОР ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ КОРЕКЦІЙНО- РОЗВИТКОВИХ ЗАНЯТЬ З РОЗВИТКУ МОВЛЕННЯ У ІНКЛЮЗИВНО-РЕСУРСНИХ ЦЕНТРАХ З ДІТЬМИ, ЯКІ ЗДОБУВАЮТЬ ОСВІТУ НА ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНІЙ ФОРМІ НАВЧАННЯ (ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ ПАТРОНАЖ)
Authors: Бобер Анна Володимирівна , Косенко Юрій Миколайович
Published: February 2025

У статті представлено аналіз особливостей використання дидактичних ігор при проведенні корекційно-розвиткових занять у інклюзивно-ресурсних центрах. В рамках дослідження були проаналізовані документи інклюзивно-ресурсних центрів, плани занять та журнали обліку відвідувань, що дозволило виділити специфіку застосування дидактичних ігор для розвитку мовлення та пізнавальних процесів у дітей з особливими освітніми потребами (ООП). Діти, які навчаються на педагогічному патронажі можуть отримувати корекційно-розвиткові послуги у інклюзивно-ресурсних центрах. В залежності від рівня підтримки та потреб дитини можуть бути прописані заняття з вчителем-логопедом, практичним психологом, вчителем- дефектологом, вчителем-реабілітологом. Встановлено, що діти які навчаються на педагогічному патронажі та відвідують корекційно-розвиткові заняття в ІРЦ – це діти зі складними порушеннями розвитку (з інтелектуальними порушеннями, системним недорозвитком мовлення, РАС, порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату тощо) та переважно з 4 – 5 рівнем підтримки. Підкреслено, що дидактичні ігри є ефективним засобом розвитку мовлення, дозволяють активізувати пізнавальні процеси, стимулювати інтерес до навчання. Визначено специфіку використання дидактичних ігор для дітей з різними типами порушень, зокрема з дитячим церебральним паралічем (ДЦП), розладами аутистичного спектру (РАС), інтелектуальними порушеннями(ІП). Проаналізовано, як можна використовувати ігри, що розвивають артикуляцію, словниковий запас, соціальні навички тощо. Важливим аспектом є індивідуальний підхід до кожної дитини. Ефективність використання ігор значною мірою залежить від врахування особливостей розвитку, інтересів та потреб кожного учня. Для досягнення максимального ефекту необхідно підбирати ігри, які відповідають рівню розвитку дитини та її індивідуальним особливостям. Отримані дані мають практичну цінність для фахівців інклюзивно-ресурсних центрів, педагогів, батьків / законних представників дітей з ООП. Надані рекомендації щодо підбору ігор та їх адаптації для дітей з тяжкими порушеннями можна використовувати на корекційно-розвиткових заняттях, уроках та під час виконання домашніх завдань.
New molecular challenges in animal conservation
Authors:   Dept. de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, Domingo-Roura X. , Marmi J. ,   Dept. de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, López-Giráldez J. F. ,   Dept. de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, García-Franquesa E. ,   Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona, Spain
Published: February 2025

The contribution of genetics to wildlife conservation has been stressed often forgetting the existing theoretical and empirical limitations in the use of genetic information to solve ecological and demographic problems. The possibilities of molecular analyses are extensive and the automation of procedures is increasing the efficiency and reducing the cost of molecular technology. With large amounts of molecular data already available, the interest is switching towards the analysis of these data and the interpretation of genetic variability within and across species from a functional perspective. The understanding of the link between genetic variation and fitness or survival is essential in conservation biology and this understanding needs the combination of molecular data with non-molecular (e.g. physiological, behavioural and ecological) data. Progress in this promising field will depend on the trust and collaboration between molecular and field biologists.
Calling songs of certain orthopteran species (Insecta, Orthoptera) in southern Portugal
Authors:   Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Depto. de Zoologia e Antropologia, Fac. de Ciências, Lisboa, Portugal, Oliveira P. A. P. , Simoes P. C. ,   Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Depto. de Zoologia e Antropologia, Fac. de Ciências, Lisboa, Portugal, Quartau J. A. ,   Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Depto. de Zoologia e Antropologia, Fac. de Ciências, Lisboa, Portugal
Published: February 2025

The calling songs produced by males of the Orthoptera occurring at the field station “Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo” (Centre for Environmental Biology), in Grândola (southern Portugal), are described. The songs were recorded in the field with a portable professional DAT recorder and were analysed in the form of oscillograms and sonagrams. Except for the interesting Gryllotalpa vineae Bennet–Clark, these are the 12 first descriptions of the acoustic parameters and behaviour of the Portuguese populations of the 13 species occurring at the field station and which belong to the following genera: Conocephalus Thunberg, Tettigonia Linnaeus, Platycleis Fieber, Thyreonotus Serville and Uromenus Bolívar (Tettigoniidae), Gryllus Linnaeus, Nemobius Serville and Oecanthus Serville (Gryllidae), Gryllotalpa Latreille (Gryllotalpidae), and Omocestus Bolívar and Euchorthippus Tarbinskii (Acrididae).All species, including pairs and closely related groups, can be readily separated by temporal and frequency parameters of the calling songs through oscillogram and sonagram analyses. Platycleis sabulosa Azam is a new record for Portugal.
Corncrake Crex crex census estimates: a conservation application of vocal individuality
Authors:   Dept. of Life Science, Univ. of Nottingham, UK, Peake T. M. , McGregor P. K. ,   Dept. of Life Science, Univ. of Nottingham, UK
Published: February 2025

Vocal individuality could be used to estimate numbers of individuals in species otherwise difficult to monitor. However, the usefulness of this technique in providing conservation information is little studied. The vocalisations of the Corncrake show a high level of individual distinctiveness. This fact was used to examine current counting methods and estimate movement patterns within one breeding season. Information on individual identity gained from vocalisations increased census estimates by 20–30% and showed that male Corncrakes called less frequently than previous studies had suggested. Males moved greater distances in areas with lower availability of suitable habitat. The conservation implications of these results are discussed.
Passerine bird communities of Iberian dehesas: a review
Authors:   Dept. of Animal Biology (Zoology), Fac. of Biology, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Spain, Tellería J. L.
Published: February 2025

The Iberian dehesas are a man-made habitat composed of scattered oaks (Quercus spp.) and extensive grass cover occupying three million ha in south-western Iberia. This paper compares the structure of the passerine bird communities in this region with other bird assemblages of Iberian woodlands. Although forest bird numbers in the southern half of the Iberian peninsula are decreasing, the dehesas show the highest richness in breeding birds, seemingly as the result of the increased presence of border and open-habitat birds. A low intra-habitat turnover of species was observed in the dehesas, with birds recorded at a sampling point accounting for a high percentage of the total richness of the community. This can be related to the low spatial patchiness of this habitat. In winter, the dehesas continued to maintain many bird species, but showed bird densities similar to other woodlands. This pattern, as well as the scarcity of some common forest passerines during the breeding period, could result from the removal of the shrub layer typical of Mediterranean woodlands.
Genetic structure of two pseudoscorpion species living in tree hollows in Sweden
Authors:   Dept. Entomology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Ranius T. , Douwes P. ,   Lund Univ., Dept. of Zoology, Lund, Sweden
Published: February 2025

Two saproxylic pseudoscorpions, Larca lata and Allochernes wideri, were compared in an analysis of genetic structure in southern Sweden. Allochernes wideri is a relatively widely distributed species that occurs in single-standing trees and in small tree hollows, while L. lata is on the Swedish red list and confined to larger assemblages of very old trees with hollows containing large amounts of wood mould. In A. wideri, the polymorphism of PGM was used, whereas in L. lata the variation for PGI was studied. The genetic differentiation between trees within a site was low for both species, indicating that the migration between nearby trees is considerable despite the fact that phoretic dispersal has only been occasionally observed in these species. Between sites, situated four to 900 km from each other, the genetic differentiation was small both in A. wideri and L. lata with no difference between the species, when considered on the mainland only. The small differentiation suggests the habitat was fragmented recently (100-170 years ago). The relation between the rate of migration and long-term population survival and the risk of mis-interpretation due to selection for alleles is discussed
Conservational status and demographic characteristics of Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) on the Alboran Island (Western Mediterranean)
Authors:   Dept. de Flora y Fauna, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Almería, Spain, Paracuellos M. , Nevado J. C. ,   Dept. de Flora y Fauna, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Almería, Spain, Moreno D. ,   Dept. de Flora y Fauna, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Almería, Spain, Giménez A. ,   Dept. de Flora y Fauna, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Almería, Spain, Alesina J. J. ,   Dept. de Flora y Fauna, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Almería, Spain
Published: February 2025

Due to the high risk of the global extinction in which Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 is found, it is considered of great interest to describe and quantify its demographic characteristics in those sites where it still persists, as well as to evaluate the reasons which have led this limpet to be one of the most threatened marine species in the Mediterranean Sea. Over the study period (2000-2002), systematic census were made on the perimeter of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, westernmost area of the Mediterranean Sea) with the object to quantify the abundance of the species in the locality, as well as their external biometry and spatial distribution. As a result, the presence of a probable reproductive population of P. ferruginea was found on the island. The negative effect provoked by the continuous presence of man was proved, prejudicing the population in those zones which were more accessible for their harvesting. For this reason, it is necessary to regulate the use of the natural resources of the island to favour the conservation and spontaneous recolonisation of the zone by P. ferruginea.
Activity patterns and diet of the howler monkey Alouatta belzebul in areas of logged and unlogged forest in Eastern Amazonia
Authors:   Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), Univ. Federal do Pará, Brasil, Pinto A. C. B. , Azevedo-Ramos C. ,   Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), Univ. Federal do Pará, Brasil, Carvalho Jr O. de ,   Inst. de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Belém, Brasil
Published: February 2025

This work compared the activity patterns and diet of a group of Alouatta belzebul in areas of logged and unlogged forest in eastern Amazonia. An instantaneous scan sampling procedure was used for the behavioral study (9.3 ± 1.9 complete observation days/month) from February to November 2000. Fruit availability was estimated monthly. Activity budgets were not significantly different between sites. Rest was the predominant activity in both sites (53.6 % and 48.7 %, respectively). Average daily path length was 683.5 ± 215.1 m (n = 93), and the home range was 17.8 ha, including 7 ha in unlogged forest and 10.8 ha in the logged forest. Neither fruit availability nor diet varied significantly between sites. The diet was predominantly folivorous (43.4 % and 46.6 % in unlogged and logged forest, respectively) and frugivorous (43.9 % and 42.8 %). The spatial use by the group was positively related to fruit sources. This study documented the ability of a ranging group of A. belzebul to survive in a habitat influenced by reduced impact logging without dramatically influencing its activity patterns and diet
Conservation genetics in the recovery of endangered animal species: a review of US endangered species recovery plans (1977-1998)
Authors:   Center for Population Biology, Univ. of California, USA, Moyle L. C. , Stinchcombe J. R. ,   Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept., Brown Univ, USA, Hudgens B. R. ,   Dept. of Biology, Duke Univ. USA, Morris W. F. ,   Dept. of Biology, Duke Univ. USA
Published: February 2025

The utility of genetic data in conservation efforts, particularly in comparison to demographic information, is the subject of ongoing debate. Using a database of information surveyed from 181 US endangered and threatened species recovery plans, we addressed the following questions concerning the use of genetic information in animal recovery plans: I. What is the relative prominence of genetic vs. demographic data in recovery plan development? and, II. When are genetic factors viewed as a threat, and how do plans respond to genetic threats? In general, genetics appear to play a minor and relatively ill-defined part in the recovery planning process; demographic data are both more abundant and more requested in recovery plans, and tasks are more frequently assigned to the collection / monitoring of demographic rather than genetic information. Nonetheless, genetic threats to species persistence and recovery are identified in a substantial minority (22 %) of recovery plans, although there is little uniform response to these perceived threats in the form of specific proposed recovery or management tasks. Results indicate that better guidelines are needed to identify how and when genetic information is most useful for species recovery; we highlight specific contexts in which genetics may provide unique management information, beyond that provided by other kinds of data.
Leviatán
Authors: Hobbes Thomas
Published: February 2025

Hobbes sostiene que la teoría política debe tomar a la naturaleza humana como es, y que su tarea no es vencer a las pasiones, sino disciplinarlas. En un lugar donde deben coexistir muchos hombres, debe existir un poder soberano que sancione (o valide) el acto de paz. El Leviatán trata sobre la naturaleza humana y cómo se debe organizar a la sociedad, explicando el porqué de las normas y las distintas formas políticas. Para Hobbes, el Estado es un pacto que realizan todos los hombres para subordinarse entre sí a un gobernante que garantice el bien común.
Media luna
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Villoro Ruiz Carmen
Published: February 2025

Macunde era un leoncillo inteligente, pero había cosas que no entendía. Una noche, cuando la luna estaba muy blanca, sólo se veía la mitad. Macunde entonces preguntó a su amigo Cambebe por la otra mitad de la luna. Esta curiosidad lo llevará a vivir a una aventura para obtener la respuesta.
Additional geographic records of Dekay’s Brownsnake (Storeria
dekayi) in Nebraska, including a late seasonal observation and likely
range expansion
Authors: Bahe Lauren , Fogell Daniel , Geluso Keith
Published: February 2025

Dekay’s Brownsnake (Storeria dekayi) occurs across much of eastern North America, inhabiting diverse environments
such as marshes, woodlands, woodland edges, and urban areas. In Nebraska, recent studies documented its presence
beyond the extreme southeastern region of the state, indicating a potential range expansion to the west and north.
Our study continues to update its distribution with four additional county records. Two counties, Franklin and Harlan,
represent the farthest west observations for Dekay’s Brownsnake in the state, further indicating a likely westward
expansion. An observation from 6 December 2023 also represents the latest seasonal observation in the state.
Despite being listed as vulnerable in Nebraska, our data suggested a widespread presence and greater abundance
than originally inferred by the Nebraska Natural Heritage Program, which we find prompts a reevaluation of its
current conservation status. Most of our observations coincided with fall migratory movements towards hibernacula,
with individuals observed on roadways late in afternoons on warm autumn days. Proliferation of trees along
prairie rivers and in upland habitats in the region likely has influenced the distribution and/or the abundance of
this species. Continued research is needed for informed conservation assessments and for monitoring further potential
distributional shifts by Dekay’s Brownsnake in Nebraska.
Towards Efficient and Reliable Video Communication: A Survey on Scalability, Error Protection, and Multicasting
Authors: Wijesekara Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha
Published: February 2025

Efficient and reliable video communication is required to maintain high-quality and uninterrupted streaming in order to minimize bandwidth usage and to tackle network variability. Scalable Video Coding (SVC) introduces efficiency for video communication by introducing a base layer and a set of enhancement layers, while Unequal Error Protection (UEP) can provide high protection to important layers while having low redundancy for less important layers/bits/frames. Moreover, scalable video transmission’s efficiency can be further improved by multicasting a video to multiple recipients simultaneously over a network efficiently, where each user can adapt to network conditions. As existing surveys do not concentrate on discussing the improving efficiency and reliability of video communication by multicasting scalable video communication focusing on UEP, we review these factors individually and in combination. We first gathered 113 original research studies using qualification criteria searched using electronic libraries, leveraging an elaborative process. As per the review, video scalability has been achieved using temporal scalability, spatial scalability with spatial resolution, quality scalability using quantization steps, and slice grouping for region of interest scalability, while UEP is achieved using transceiver, packet level, bit level, and cross-layer methods. Moreover, simulcast, multiple access techniques, multi-resolution modulation, and antenna heterogeneity have shown to be the promising SVC multicasting techniques. Review analysis shows that from reviewed work, 10.3% provide H.265-based scalability, 19.2% use transceiver UEP, and 7.7% use simulcast. Finally, we conclude our review by discussing the advantages and challenges of the concept of SVC-UEP video communication and then presenting guidance to overcome them.
Development of an Algorithm for the Technological Process of Forming High-Pressure Pipes on CNC Machines
Authors: Voronko Vladyslav , Biletskyi Ihor , Plankovskyy Sergiy , Kombarov Volodymyr , Kivirenko Oleh
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of literary sources on the production of high-pressure pipes, offering insights into the current state of technology and advancements in the field. Based on this analysis, a classifier of the primary methods for producing high-pressure pipes is developed, facilitating a clearer understanding of the most efficient and effective manufacturing techniques. The classifier enables the determination of the optimal sequence for high-pressure pipe production, ensuring a streamlined and cost-effective approach. Additionally, the study elaborates on the technological process of forming high-pressure pipes using a pipe-winding machine equipped with numerical control. This process description provides an in-depth understanding of the key steps and operations involved in pipe formation, focusing on precision and consistency to meet the rigorous demands of high-pressure applications. An algorithm is also developed for the technological process of forming pipes on a numerically controlled pipe-winding machine, incorporating a detailed description of the route operations. This algorithm serves as a guide to enhance process automation, improve production efficiency, and ensure the high quality of the pipes produced. Overall, the findings contribute to the advancement of high-pressure pipe manufacturing technology, offering practical solutions for optimizing production processes and ensuring the reliability of the final product.
Digital Twins of Different Types Electrical Machines
Authors: Pliuhin Vladyslav , Tsegelnyk Yevgen , Slovikovskyi Oleksii
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to address key considerations in building digital twins for some of the most commonly used electrical machines, including the Induction Machine with a Squirrel Cage Rotor, DC Machine with Linear Electrical Excitation, DC Machine with Permanent Excitation, Synchronous Machine with Electrical Excitation and Damper, and Synchronous Machine with Permanent Excitation and Damper. These machines, critical across various industries, require precise modeling and real-time monitoring to optimize their performance and lifespan. The development of digital twins for these machines involves creating virtual representations that dynamically mirror their physical counterparts, using real-time data from sensors and advanced simulation techniques. Each machine type presents unique challenges for the digital twin, such as accurately capturing the electromagnetic interactions in the squirrel cage rotor or modeling the excitation systems in synchronous and DC machines. This paper investigates the methodologies for overcoming these challenges, focusing on data acquisition, mathematical modeling, real-time analytics, and predictive diagnostics. The paper also highlights the benefits of digital twin technology, including enhanced operational efficiency, reduced downtime through predictive maintenance, and optimized control under varying load conditions. Additionally, it discusses the integration of digital twins into broader Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) frameworks, paving the way for more connected and autonomous industrial environments. The findings in this paper provide valuable insights for both researchers and engineers seeking to implement digital twins in electrical machine systems, contributing to improved industrial automation and machine lifecycle management
Hipertensi Pulmoner Terkait Penyakit Paru (Hipertensi Pulmoner Tipe 3)
Authors: Anggita Dwi , Amir Muzakkir , Djaharuddin Irawaty
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Hipertensi pulmoner adalah penyakit fatal dari berbagai etiologi yang diperkirakan memengaruhi lebih dari 100 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Penyakit ini didefiniskan secara hemodinamik sebagai tekanan rata-rata arteri pulmonalis ≥ 25 mmHg saat istirahat.
Isi: Hipertensi pulmoner menyebabkan berbagai kondisi dan komplikasi klinis terutama gangguan pada sistem kardiovaskular dan respirasi. Hipertensi polmuner akibat penyakit paru-paru dan/atau hipoksia yang menrupakan klasifkasi tipe 3 adalah salah satu bentuk HP yang sering terjadi. Berbagai penyakit paru dan keadaan hipoksia telah lama dikenal sebagai keadaan yang menginduksi perubahan sistem vaskular pulmoner melalui berbagai mekanisme yang belum sepenuhnya dimengerti.
Kesimpulan: Mekanisme patologi hipertensi pulmoner terkait penyakit paru kronis, seperti penyakit paru obstruktif kronik, penyakit paru interstitial, penyakit paru campuran pola restriksi dan obstruksi, gangguan pernapasan saat tidur, gangguan hipoventilasi alveolar, paparan lama terhadap ketinggian dan kelainan perkembangan paru adalah adanya remodeling pembuluh darah disertai disfungsi endotel diakibatkan hipoksia kronik.
Strategi Komunikasi dan Promosi Wisata Edukasi untuk Pengelolaan Candi Muara Takus
Authors: Surya Pratama Dharma
Published: February 2025

Komunikasi dan promosi warisan budaya menjadi salah satu bentuk manajemen warisan budaya yang penting saat ini. Rancangan dan penerapannya perlu dipersiapkan dan diimplementasikan dengan baik agar membawa dampak positif bagi objek arkeologis yang dikelola. Salah satu bentuk manajemen yang dapat diajukan adalah merancang kegiatan wisata edukasi di Candi Muara Takus. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan opsi manajemen komunikasi dan promosi warisan budaya yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner yang menggabungkan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi, pemasaran, dan pendidikan. Proses perancangan kajian ini mempertimbangkan multiple intelligence, generic learning outcomes, dan pendekatan 7 Ps sebagai landasan dasar untuk mempersiapkan segala bentuk kegiatan dan elemen-elemen terkait lainnya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rancangan wisata edukasi di Candi Muara Takus berpotensi untuk dikembangkan agar dapat menumbuhkan minat pengunjung dalam memahami dan menghargai warisan budaya Indonesia secara langsung. Rancangan ini juga menjadi upaya yang komprehensif dan berkelanjutan dalam mengenalkan serta memperkuat kesadaran akan pentingnya warisan budaya dan keberagaman budaya Indonesia di kalangan generasi muda. Dengan demikian, penerapan kegiatan wisata edukasi ini dapat menjadi salah satu strategi efektif dalam manajemen komunikasi dan promosi warisan budaya, yang tidak hanya memberikan pengalaman edukatif bagi pengunjung, tetapi juga mendukung pelestarian dan peningkatan apresiasi terhadap warisan budaya bangsa.
Soundscape Sakral Candi Borobudur
Authors: Jati Kurniawan
Published: February 2025

Candi Borobudur, sebagai salah satu warisan budaya terbesar dengan corak keagamaan Buddha, memiliki makna sakral yang tidak hanya tercermin dalam bentuk arsitektur dan lingkungan, tetapi juga dalam suasana suara (soundscape) yang mendukung proses ibadah, khususnya meditasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penyesuaian lanskap Candi Borobudur dalam kaitannya dengan faktor suara sebagai elemen yang memperkuat kesakralan tempat ibadah tersebut. Melalui pendekatan arkeologi lanskap dan fenomenologi, penelitian ini memanfaatkan data observasi dan studi pustaka, termasuk pengukuran suara oleh Balai Konservasi Borobudur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan danau purba di sekitar candi menciptakan suasana tenang yang diwarnai oleh suara alam, seperti suara air, yang mendukung meditasi dan ibadah. Selain itu, bentuk arsitektur berundak dan struktur lorong di Candi Borobudur berkontribusi pada pembentukan akustik yang memperkuat efek suara, menciptakan suasana sakral yang mendalam. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penyesuaian lanskap dan arsitektur Candi Borobudur tidak hanya memperhatikan aspek visual, tetapi juga aspek akustik, yang turut memperkaya pengalaman spiritual umat Buddha. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa soundscape yang diciptakan oleh interaksi antara lanskap dan arsitektur Candi Borobudur memiliki peranan penting dalam menciptakan suasana sakral yang mendalam bagi para umat Buddha atau pengunjung lain
Development of the composition and technology of suspension for oral administration based on a solid dispersion of albendazole
Authors: Tikhomirova Yu. I. , Karabintseva N. O. , Evseenko V. I. , Meteleva E. S. , Dushkin A. V. , Zelikman M. V.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The use of the method of mechanochemical synthesis to obtain solid dispersions (SD) of albendazole (ALB) has allowed increasing its anthelmintic activity and bioavailability, as well as reducing its toxicity, and therefore the issue of developing the composition and technology of an affordable domestic drug based on SD of ALB in a rational dosage form (DF) is relevant.

Aim. Development and pharmacotechnological study of suspension for oral administration based on TD ALB obtained by mechanochemical solid-phase synthesis.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were ALB substance (ALB), licorice dry extract (LE) and their SD obtained by mechanochemical solid-phase synthesis in a mass ratio of 1 : 5, 1 : 10 and 1 : 20, with a mechanical treatment duration of 2 hours, 8 hours and 16 hours. Substances approved for medical use are used as excipients. The study of the solubility of ALB from SD was evaluated by the content of ALB in an aqueous medium using high-performance liquid chromatography. The study of the properties of SD and the obtained DF was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (SP RF) XV edition.

Results and discussion. The technological properties of SD do not change significantly depending on the mass ratio of medicinal substance (MS) to the carrier and the time of their machining, as a result of which the determining factor in choosing the optimal SD for the development of a DF is the value of the solubility of ALB in water. The use of the wet granulation method and the addition of a filler, stabilizer and preservative to the SD make it possible to obtain powders for the preparation of a suspension with satisfactory technological characteristics.

Conclusion. During the study, the technological characteristics of SD ALB with LE obtained by mechanochemical solid-phase synthesis were studied, and the optimal SD was determined from the point of view of the highest solubility of ALB in water. Excipients were selected, the composition of the suspension restored from SD ALB granules with optimal technological parameters was developed. Pharmacotechnological studies of suspensions based on SD ALB were conducted.
OPTIMASI HYBRID INTELLIGENT SYSTEM UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BUAH: STUDI KASUS PISANG DAN APEL
Authors: Yanti Rahma , Agung Ramadhanu
Published: February 2025

Image processing-based fruit classification is one of the rapidly developing technology applications in the field of digital agriculture. This study aims to develop a fruit identification system, especially yellow bananas, green bananas, and apples, by utilizing the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. The background of this study is the need for an accurate automatic system to distinguish fruit types based on visual characteristics, such as color, texture, and shape, to support the distribution and management of agricultural products. The method used in this study involves four main stages: image loading, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. PCA is used to reduce data dimensions by maintaining relevant main features, while KNN functions for classification based on the closest distance between test data and training data. The dataset used consists of 130 images, with 120 images as training data and 10 images as test data. The results of the study show that the developed system is able to classify all test data with 90% accuracy. This success proves that the combination of PCA and KNN methods is effective in identifying fruit types based on extracted visual characteristics. This system is expected to be the basis for further development in the field of automatic fruit classification.
Analisis Pembelajaran Ipa Pada Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Pembelajaran Di Smp Negeri 1 Bua Ponrang
Authors: Umi Purnama
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembelajaran IPA pada implementasi kurikulum merdeka, menganalisis pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran IPA, dan menganalisis kebutuhan guru dan peserta didik pada pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri 1 Bua Ponrang. Jenis penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan lembar kuesioner, pedoman wawancara, lembar observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan pembelajaran IPA  di SMP Negeri 1 Bua Ponrang secara umum sudah terpenuhi dan terealisasi dengan baik. Proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPA berdasarkan implementasi kurikulum merdeka sudah terlaksana dengan baik yang menerapkan pembelajaran diferensiasi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik dan menerapkan penilaian berupa asesmen asesmen formatif dan asesmen sumatif. Dengan tercapainya kebutuhan dalam pembelajaran IPA, maka pembelajaran terlaksana dengan baik  dan efektif serta peserta didik akan aktif dalam pembelajaran.abstrak perlu dihindari. Abstrak memaparkan secara ringkas tentang masalah, tujuan, metode, hasil dan kesimpulan.
Unraveling children's creativity
Authors:   , van Dijk Marloes
Published: February 2025

While having gained plenty of interest, research on creativity still faces challenges in understanding what creativity truly is and how it can be researched best. In this dissertation, I adopted a situated view and regard creativity as a process that unfolds in a concrete situation, contrasting the general view of seeing creativity as a static personal trait. The aim was to deepen our understanding of the nature of creativity and to reveal the processes that underlie the emergence of original ideas. In addition, how bilingualism, selective attention, and gaze behavior as sources of individual differences shape (the process of) creativity were also explored. Study 1 (a literature review) revealed that bilinguals outperform monolinguals on creative tasks, and this can be explained by their enriched conceptual system, their enhanced executive functioning and their experiences with multiple cultures. Next, we designed a real-life version of the Alternative Uses Task. Children aged 9-13 years old were asked to think of alternative uses of everyday objects in a low stimulus condition (with only the objects present on the table) and a high stimulus condition (with additional objects present on the table as well). Study 2 showed that children with better selective attention were relatively original in the low stimulus condition, whereas children with weaker selective attention performed relatively well in the high stimulus condition. Study 3 and 4 then further revealed that more exploration of the target objects as well as the reasoning with the perceivable properties of the object (i.e. technical reasoning) were related to more original responses. In particular, responses that implied the use of multiple technical properties and spatial transformation were rated as most creative by the jury. These findings underscore the situated nature of creativity, and suggest that studying the combined effect of situational characteristics and individual difference factors is promising.
Improving Clinic Capacity with Faricimab
Authors: Wong David , Chhabra Romi , Ruiz-Medrano Jorge , Hamilton Robin
Published: February 2025

Clinic capacity constraints are an ever-increasing problem in ophthalmology. Multiple case studies demonstrate that faricimab frees up clinic capacity with extended treatment intervals in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients. In this symposium, three case studies from the UK and Spain demonstrated how fewer appointments per patient with faricimab resulted in several benefits, including timely treatment, reduced treatment burden for patients and caregivers, reduced frequency and cost of out-of-hours services, and freed up clinic staff to manage waiting lists in other ophthalmology services. Ultimately, these outcomes highlight that the introduction of faricimab is cost-effective, leading to better quality of care, the potential for better patient adherence, and less overtime and burnout for clinic staff.
Infusing the Political Science Curriculum with Considerations of Power and Identity
Authors: Harrigan Matthew , Levy Naomi
Published: February 2025

This paper details our department's efforts to provide students with more opportunities to concentrate attention on the structural nature of discrimination and its sprawling effects. It begins with an exploration of the real challenges political science faces on this front. Next, it describes the process through which we developed our new Power and Identity course designation and details the learning objectives that unify these courses. Finally, it delineates the committee-based process we developed for encouraging and assisting the design and implementation of such courses. To date, this initiative has led to the creation or revision of 12 courses that help students 1) understand how power and identity interact to shape politics, 2) analyze how political institutions and culture create and maintain power inequalities, and 3) explore diverse perspectives on the relationship between power and identity. The paper’s appendix includes sample syllabi, feedback forms, and our instrument for assessing learning outcomes.
Crime in a Changing Society: Evidence from Romania
Authors: Ilie Simona
Published: February 2025

The study examines five sub-periods to analyze the characteristics of criminality in the decades following the fall of communism. It considers literature-identified risks associated with criminal activity (low level of employment, high-income inequalities), and significant changes of various nature during this time (accession to the EU, financial, political, or migrant crisis, the COVID pandemic). By using official statistics on crime and the socio-economic context, the study finds an overall decline in criminality and relative stability in recent years. However, the dynamics vary across different types of crime. Violent crime was on the decline, as was theft after 2000, while drug use and car accidents were on the rise. Other types of crime, such as economic and organized crime, showed inconsistent trends. This shift in criminal behavior highlights the thesis of the continuous transformation of crime and underscores its dependence on context, having relevant implications for social sciences.