bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Maillard reaction products micro/nano-particles present in fermented soybean sauce and vinegar
Authors: Jiang Suisui , Shi Yanping , Li Man , Xiong Liu , Sun Qingjie
Published: August 2019

The endogenous micro/nano-particles in daily food have drawn much attention due to specific properties potential biological impact. The aim of this study was to investigate the nanoparticles in traditional fermented soybean sauces and vinegars in order to study the safety problems of nanoparticles in daily food. The transmission electron microscope results showed that all samples exhibited diverse nanostructures with diameters ranging from 10 to 400 nm. The concentration of nanoparticles in these foods was determined to be around 1.15 × 107–3.43 × 109 particles/mL. Furthermore, the absorbance at 420 nm was found in all the fermented foods, which was ascribed to Maillard reaction products. The 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) results showed that nanoparticles in traditional fermented foods did not decrease cell viability in the concentration range tested (<200 μg/mL), which were equivalent to 20 L~200 L of selected soybean sauces and vinegars. However, further studies need to be performed to find out the interaction of nanoparticle with cell (food with body) after ingestion.
Colonies of marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium interact with associated bacteria to acquire iron from dust
Authors: Basu Subhajit , Gledhill Martha , de Beer Dirk , Prabhu Matondkar S. G. , Shaked Yeala
Published: August 2019

Iron (Fe) bioavailability limits phytoplankton growth in vast ocean regions. Iron-rich dust uplifted from deserts is transported in the atmosphere and deposited on the ocean surface. However, this dust is a poor source of iron for most phytoplankton since dust-bound Fe is poorly soluble in seawater and dust rapidly sinks out of the photic zone. An exception is Trichodesmium, a globally important, N2 fixing, colony forming, cyanobacterium, which efficiently captures and shuffles dust to its colony core. Trichodesmium and bacteria that reside within its colonies carry out diverse metabolic interactions. Here we show evidence for mutualistic interactions between Trichodesmium and associated bacteria for utilization of iron from dust, where bacteria promote dust dissolution by producing Fe-complexing molecules (siderophores) and Trichodesmium provides dust and optimal physical settings for dissolution and uptake. Our results demonstrate how intricate relationships between producers and consumers can influence productivity in the nutrient starved open ocean.
A genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci associated with specific lobar brain volumes
Authors: van der Lee Sven J. , Knol Maria J. , Chauhan Ganesh , Satizabal Claudia L. , Smith Albert Vernon , Hofer Edith , Bis Joshua C. , Hibar Derrek P. , Hilal Saima , van den Akker Erik B. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Bernard Manon , Yanek Lisa R. , Amin Najaf , Crivello Fabrice , Cheung Josh W. , Harris Tamara B. , Saba Yasaman , Lopez Oscar L. , Li Shuo , van der Grond Jeroen , Yu Lei , Paus Tomas , Roshchupkin Gennady V. , Amouyel Philippe , Jahanshad Neda , Taylor Kent D. , Yang Qiong , Mathias Rasika A. , Boehringer Stefan , Mazoyer Bernard , Rice Ken , Cheng Ching Yu , Maillard Pauline , van Heemst Diana , Wong Tien Yin , Niessen Wiro J. , Beiser Alexa S. , Beekman Marian , Zhao Wanting , Nyquist Paul A. , Chen Christopher , Launer Lenore J. , Psaty Bruce M. , Ikram M. Kamran , Vernooij Meike W. , Schmidt Helena , Pausova Zdenka , Becker Diane M. , De Jager Philip L. , Thompson Paul M. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Bennett David A. , Slagboom P. Eline , Schmidt Reinhold , Longstreth W. T. , Ikram M. Arfan , Seshadri Sudha , Debette Stéphanie , Gudnason Vilmundur , Adams Hieab H. H. , DeCarli Charles
Published: August 2019

Brain lobar volumes are heritable but genetic studies are limited. We performed genome-wide association studies of frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal lobe volumes in 16,016 individuals, and replicated our findings in 8,789 individuals. We identified six genetic loci associated with specific lobar volumes independent of intracranial volume. Two loci, associated with occipital (6q22.32) and temporal lobe volume (12q14.3), were previously reported to associate with intracranial and hippocampal volume, respectively. We identified four loci previously unknown to affect brain volumes: 3q24 for parietal lobe volume, and 1q22, 4p16.3 and 14q23.1 for occipital lobe volume. The associated variants were located in regions enriched for histone modifications (DAAM1andTHBS3), or close to genes causing Mendelian brain-related diseases (ZIC4andFGFRL1). No genetic overlap between lobar volumes and neurological or psychiatric diseases was observed. Our findings reveal part of the complex genetics underlying brain development and suggest a role for regulatory regions in determining brain volumes.
Nested retrotransposition in the East Asian mouse genome causes the classical nonagouti mutation
Authors: Tanave Akira , Imai Yuji , Koide Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2019

Black coat color (nonagouti) is a widespread classical mutation in laboratory mouse strains. The intronic insertion of endogenous retrovirus VL30 in the nonagouti (a) allele of agouti gene was previously reported as the cause of the nonagouti phenotype. Here, we report agouti mouse strains from East Asia that carry the VL30 insertion, indicating that VL30 alone does not cause the nonagouti phenotype. We find that a rare type of endogenous retrovirus, β4, was integrated into the VL30 region at the a allele through nested retrotransposition, causing abnormal splicing. Targeted complete deletion of the β4 element restores agouti gene expression and agouti coat color, whereas deletion of β4 except for a single long terminal repeat results in black-and-tan coat color. Phylogenetic analyses show that the a allele and the β4 retrovirus originated from an East Asian mouse lineage most likely related to Japanese fancy mice. These findings reveal the causal mechanism and historic origin of the classical nonagouti mutation.
Concurrent atomic force spectroscopy
Authors: Pimenta-Lopes Carolina , Suay-Corredera Carmen , Velázquez-Carreras Diana , Sánchez-Ortiz David , Alegre-Cebollada Jorge
Published: August 2019

Force-spectroscopy by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is the technique of choice to measure mechanical properties of molecules, cells, tissues and materials at the nano and micro scales. However, unavoidable calibration errors of AFM probes make it cumbersome to quantify modulation of mechanics. Here, we show that concurrent AFM force measurements enable relative mechanical characterization with an accuracy that is independent of calibration uncertainty, even when averaging data from multiple, independent experiments. Compared to traditional AFM, we estimate that concurrent strategies can measure differences in protein mechanical unfolding forces with a 6-fold improvement in accuracy or a 30-fold increase in throughput. Prompted by our results, we demonstrate widely applicable orthogonal fingerprinting strategies for concurrent single-molecule nanomechanical profiling of proteins.
Hierarchical nanoporous Pd1Ag1 alloy enables efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction under ambient conditions
Authors: Pang Fangjie , Wang Fei , Yang Liting , Wang Zhifeng , Zhang Weiqing
Published: August 2019

Hierarchical nanoporous Pd1Ag1 nanoleaves act as highly-efficient and stable catalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction under ambient conditions.
A room temperature multivalent rechargeable iron ion battery with an ether based electrolyte: a new type of post-lithium ion battery
Authors: Vijaya Kumar Saroja Ajay Piriya , Samantaray Sai Smruti , Sundara Ramaprabhu
Published: August 2019

The feasibility of developing a rechargeable iron ion battery is demonstrated for the first time.
Reversible hydrogel dynamics by physical–chemical crosslink photoswitching using a supramolecular macrocycle template
Authors: Zou Lei , Webber Matthew J.
Published: August 2019

Host–guest supramolecular hydrogels are prepared from light-responsive guests within a CB[8] cavitand, and the complex catalyzes reversible guest photodimerization.
Heptylmannose-functionalized cellulose for the binding and specific detection of pathogenic E. coli
Authors: Cauwel Madeleine , Sivignon Adeline , Bridot Clarisse , Nongbe Medy C. , Deniaud David , Roubinet Benoit , Landemarre Ludovic , Felpin François-Xavier , Bouckaert Julie , Barnich Nicolas , Gouin Sébastien G.
Published: August 2019

We developed a chemical method to covalently functionalize cellulose nanofibers and cellulose paper with mannoside ligands displaying a strong affinity for the FimH adhesin from pathogenic E. coli strains.
Optoelectronic and solar cell applications of Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Idrees M. , Din H. U. , Ali R. , Rehman G. , Hussain T. , Nguyen C. V. , Ahmad Iftikhar , Amin B.
Published: August 2019

Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostuctures are investigated by hybrid density functional theory calculations.
Sea buckthorn seed oil reduces blood cholesterol and modulates gut microbiota
Authors: Hao Wangjun , He Zouyan , Zhu Hanyue , Liu Jianhui , Kwek Erika , Zhao Yimin , Ma Ka Ying , He Wen-Sen , Chen Zhen-Yu
Published: August 2019

Sea buckthorn seed oil favorably decreases plasma cholesterol.
Enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using the combination of circular and annular laser pulses
Authors: Hai Ran , Sun Liying , Wu Ding , He Zhonglin , Sattar Harse , Liu Jiamin , Tong Weina , Li Cong , Feng Chunlei , Ding Hongbin
Published: August 2019

Novel DP-LIBS is an effective way of significantly enhancing the spectral emission intensity and reducing LOD of trace elements.
Mechanics-induced triple-mode anticounterfeiting and moving tactile sensing by simultaneously utilizing instantaneous and persistent mechanoluminescence
Authors: Ma Zhidong , Zhou Jinyu , Zhang Jiachi , Zeng Songshan , Zhou Hui , Smith Andrew T. , Wang Wenxiang , Sun Luyi , Wang Zhaofeng
Published: August 2019

An intriguing mechanics-induced triple-mode anticounterfeiting device and a moving tactile sensor were developed by simultaneously utilizing transient and persistent mechanoluminescence.
Minute/instant-MOFs: versatile, high quality, ultrafast, scalable production at room temperature
Authors: Srinivasapriyan Vijayan
Published: August 2019

The material demand for metal organic framework (MOF) production necessitates advances in their expedient and scalable synthesis at room temperature, which is pivotal for the chemical industry.
Co-delivery of DNAzyme and a chemotherapy drug using a DNA tetrahedron for enhanced anticancer therapy through synergistic effects
Authors: Ren Tao , Deng Zhiwei , Liu Hui , Li Xiufang , Li Jianbing , Yuan Jing , He Yao , Liu Qi , Yang Yanjing , Zhong Shian
Published: August 2019

Engineering of a DNA tetrahedron allows co-delivery of DOX and DNAzyme for chemo-gene synergistic therapy aiming at specific cells and their microenvironment.
Chirality manifestation in elastic coupling between the layers of double-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Rochal Sergei , Levshov Dmitry , Avramenko Marina , Arenal Raul , Cao Thi Thanh , Nguyen Van Chuc , Sauvajol Jean-Louis , Paillet Matthieu
Published: August 2019

Most likely, both layers in double-walled carbon nanotubes have the same handedness.
Thermoelectric enhancement in multilayer thin-films of tin chalcogenide nanosheets/conductive polymers
Authors: Ju Hyun , Park Dabin , Kim Jooheon
Published: August 2019

Solution-processable fabrication of multilayer thin-films of tin chalcogenide nanosheets/conductive polymers with enhanced thermoelectric performance is achieved.
Turbostratic carbon-localised FeS2 nanocrystals as anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Zhang Long , Liu Di , Hu Wentao , Yan Xinlin , Yu Chuang , Zeng Hong , Shen Tongde
Published: August 2019

FeS2–C nano-network containing localised FeS2 nanocrystals wrapped by a t-carbon framework enables FeS2/C hybridizations to maintain structural stability upon cycling and shortens the electrons/ions diffusion paths for a high rate capability.
Transpiration: from Chinese cabbage waste to supercapacitors with ultrahigh cycling stability
Authors: Luo Sha , Ma Ping , Luo Yutong , Zhao Ziming , Long Yu , Ma Jiantai
Published: August 2019

Driven by the power of transpiration, erioglaucine disodium salt was successfully transferred into the leaves of Chinese cabbage.
Synergistic toughening of polypropylene with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and elastomer-olefin block copolymers
Authors: Qi Lucheng , Wu Lei , He Ren , Cheng Hui , Liu Boping , He Xuelian
Published: August 2019

Blends of polypropylene (PP) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with elastomer-olefin block copolymers (OBC) were prepared using an ultrasonic twin-screw extruder, and their mechanical and rheological properties were investigated.
Differential protein expression of a streptomycin-resistantStreptomyces albulusmutant in high yield production of ε-poly-l-lysine: a proteomics study
Authors: Liu Yongjuan , Chen Xusheng , Pan Long , Mao Zhonggui
Published: August 2019

ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL), produced byStreptomyces albulus, is an excellent antimicrobial agent which has been extensively used in the field of food and medicine.
A wood-derived hierarchically porous monolithic carbon matrix embedded with Co nanoparticles as an advanced electrocatalyst for water splitting
Authors: Li Yanan , Min Shixiong , Wang Fang
Published: August 2019

A wood-derived hierarchically porous monolithic carbon (N-HPMC) matrix embedded with Co nanoparticles (Co@N-HPMC) is developed as an efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting.
A simple chemical guide for finding novel n-type dopable Zintl pnictide thermoelectric materials
Authors: Gorai Prashun , Goyal Anuj , Toberer Eric S. , Stevanović Vladan
Published: August 2019

Computations have predicted good thermoelectric performance of n-type doped Zintl phases. We present a simple, yet effective, chemical guide for finding n-type dopable Zintl pnictides and perform a large-scale search to identify candidate materials.
Electrospun TiC/C nanofibers for ambient electrocatalytic N2 reduction
Authors: Yu Guangsen , Guo Haoran , Kong Wenhan , Wang Ting , Luo Yonglan , Shi Xifeng , Asiri Abdullah M. , Li Tingshuai , Sun Xuping
Published: August 2019

TiC/C nanofibers (TiC/C NFs) act as an efficient 1-D electrocatalyst for N2-to-NH3 fixation, capable of achieving a large NH3 yield of 14.1 μg h−1 mg−1cat. and a high faradaic efficiency of 5.8% at −0.5 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M HCl.
Developing photocathode materials for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Benazzi Elisabetta , Mallows John , Summers Gareth H. , Black Fiona A. , Gibson Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2019

Dye-sensitized solar cells are photoelectrochemical devices, which are of great interest due to their ease of fabrication and attractive design.
WITHDRAWN: MicroRNA-21 promotes progression of breast cancer via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase10 (MAPK10)
Authors: Xie Yilin , Liu Yaqing , Fan Xiaoyue , Zhang Lan , Li Qing , Li Shenglei , Wang Honglei , Xiao Yi
Published: August 2019

The Accepted Manuscript version of this article (published on 2 August 2019) was withdrawn on 19 May 2020 at the request of the authors.
Nigella sativa stimulates insulin secretion from isolated rat islets and inhibits the digestion and absorption of (CH2O)n in the gut
Authors: Hannan J.M.A. , Ansari Prawej , Haque Afra , Sanju Afrina , Huzaifa Abir , Rahman Anisur , Ghosh Adity , Azam Shofiul
Published: August 2019

Nigella sativa seeds are traditionally reputed as possessing anti-diabetic properties. As a result, we aim to explore the mechanism of its anti-hyperglycemic activity. The present study uses various experimental designs including gastrointestinal (GI) motility, intestinal disaccharidase activity and inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gut. The animals used as type 2 diabetic models were induced with streptozotocin to make them as such. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed to confirm that the animals were indeed diabetic. The extract reduced postprandial glucose, suggesting it interfered with glucose absorption in the gut. It also improved glucose (2.5g/kg, b/w) tolerance in rats. Furthermore, treatment with N. sativa produced a significant improvement in GI motility, while reduced disaccharidase enzyme activity in fasted rats. The extract produced a similar effect within an acute oral sucrose (2.5g/kg, b/w) load assay. Following sucrose administration, a substantial amount of unabsorbed sucrose was found in six different parts of the GI tract. This indicates that N. sativa has the potentiality to liberate GI content and reduce or delay glucose absorption. A potential hypoglycemic activity of the extract found in insulin release assay, where the extract significantly improved insulin secretion from isolated rat islets. These concluded present findings give rise to the implication that N. sativa seeds are generating postprandial anti-hyperglycemic activity within type 2 diabetic animal models via reducing or delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gut as well as improving insulin secretion in response to the plasma glucose.
Research on modelling and simulation of converters for electromagnetic transient simulation in photovoltaic power generation system
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Mengdi , Deng Xinchang
Published: August 2019

Large‐scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants connected to the grid leads to the complex calculations in the modelling and simulation of the power system, especially in the electromagnetic transient progress. Common averaging methods are studied for modelling a grid‐connected converter to simplify the calculation and balance accuracy and efficiency in simulation. The piecewise technique, which combines the time segment with similar operating characteristic, is applied to different averaging models of converters. The advantages and disadvantages of different piecewise averaging models are compared. In addition, a new piecewise generalised state‐space averaging (P‐GSSA) model is derived and a multiple time scale modelling is achieved for the grid‐connected converters in PV systems. The model error and accuracy of the P‐GSSA model are analysed, the physical significance and the influence factors in the model error of P‐GSSA model are discussed. The research shows that P‐GSSA model is flexible to be used in a PVs system simulation, and it can accurately reflect the steady state and transient characteristics of a converter. The analysis of the P‐GSSA model is verified by simulating a DC/AC converter and a PV system.
Real power loss minimisation of smart grid with electric vehicles using distribution feeder reconfiguration
Authors: Singh Jyotsna , Tiwari Rajive
Published: August 2019

The ongoing and anticipated growth in the use of electric vehicles (EVs) in transportation brings new opportunities for the development of new smart grids. EVs can transfer power from vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) to potentially contribute towards improving grid functionality and stability. Coordinated charging/discharging of EVs is a possible solution to the challenges imposed by random charging and potential ways to extract benefits from the V2G functionality of EVs in the grid. Furthermore, coordinated scheduling can be augmented with effective operative tools to improve the operation of system. Towards addressing this goal, this study proposes a two‐stage optimisation to investigate the impact on the distribution system in terms of losses and voltage when distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) is employed with different scheduling strategies of EVs. In the first stage, the optimal charging/discharging schedule of EVs is developed on the basis of the technical and economic objective. A genetic algorithm‐based approach is used to model EV demands. The DFR problem is solved in the second stage with a new, improved version of a grey wolf optimisation algorithm considering the optimal EV load demand obtained from the first stage. The efficacy of proposed methodology is demonstrated on 69‐bus distribution system and 118‐bus distribution system.
Minimising direct‐coupled distributed synchronous generators impact on electric power systems protection
Authors: Guilherme Kaehler Guarda Fernando , Cardoso Ghendy , Holanda Bezerra Ubiratan , Paulo Abreu Vieira João
Published: August 2019

This study presents a method to place, size, coordinate and adequate protection systems in distribution networks (DNs) with directly‐coupled distributed generation (DG). DG penetration increase in DNs is beneficial to the operation of these grids. However, since the majority of DN is already consolidated, with protective devices sized for certain current levels and directionality, adding DG to these systems may cause issues. This study introduces a method to determine protective devices placement, their coordination and sizing, depending on DG location. Direct‐coupled DG is considered since DG connected to DNs through power electronics limit the fault current to the network. Firstly, recloser allocation is treated in a multiobjective approach, reducing reliability indices. To solve this problem, particle swarm optimization is applied. Fuse cutouts allocation is determined by a set of rules, developed considering feeder particularities. After, DG is considered and its effects on the protection coordination are evaluated. To adapt DN to receive DG, fault current limiters are placed to avoid recloser – fuse miscoordination. Finally, recloser operation is analyzed to determine the operational philosophy to avoid misoperation in the presence of DG. Graphical and numerical results are presented for test systems to show the functionality and performance of the proposed method.
Robust and effective parallel process to coordinate multi‐area economic dispatch (MAED) problems in the presence of uncertainty
Authors: Mokarram Mohammad Jafar , Gitizadeh Mohsen , Niknam Taher , Niknam Solmaz
Published: August 2019

Considering the independency of areas as a challenge in multi‐area economic dispatch (MAED) problems, this study presents a novel parallel process MAED to preserve independency in MAED problems and, at the same time, supply the demanded power in each area. Although distributed power networks are physically connected to each other to improve the financial and technical aspects of the operation, they have to operate with few information about other areas. In addition, utilising renewable energies, especially wind turbines, are unavoidable in the future to supply the demanded power. However, the uncertainty that arises from wind behaviour makes the MAED problems more complicated, meaning that the exact amount of output power in each time instant is not known. Hence, the authors analyse the wind and load uncertainty effect on the MAED cost function using the unscented transformation (UT) method. Moreover, the applicability of the UT method in terms of accuracy and speed is evaluated with Monte–Carlo simulation method. Finally, four different cases, both small and large, are studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed parallel process and UT method in MAED problems.
Enhanced pooling method for convolutional neural networks based on optimal search theory
Authors: Lai Xin , Zhou Le , Fu Zeyu , Naqvi Syed Mohsen , Chambers Jonathon
Published: August 2019

To obtain the best pooling effect and higher accuracy in image recognition, an improved method based on optimal search theory for the pooling layer of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed. The purpose is to solve the problems of the traditional pooling method, namely that it is too simplistic and it is difficult to extract effective features. The basic principle and network structure of CNN are introduced in the study. A new optimum‐pooling method is proposed, and the authors study how to obtain the maximum probability to detect the target function under the constrained condition. Comparison experiments of different pooling methods are performed on three widely used datasets: LFW, CIFAR‐10, and ImageNet. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the characteristics of more effective feature extraction and wide adaptability, and leads to higher accuracy and lower error rate in image recognition.
Rule‐based classification of energy theft and anomalies in consumers load demand profile
Authors: Jain Sonal , Choksi Kushan A. , Pindoriya Naran M.
Published: August 2019

The invent of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) opens the door for a comprehensive analysis of consumers consumption patterns including energy theft studies, which were not possible beforehand. This study proposes a fraud detection methodology using data mining techniques such as hierarchical clustering and decision tree classification to identify abnormalities in consumer consumption patterns and further classify the abnormality type into the anomaly, fraud, high or low power consumption based on rule‐based learning. The proposed algorithm uses real‐time dataset of Nana Kajaliyala village, Gujarat, India. The focus has been on generalizing the algorithm for varied practical cases to make it adaptive towards non‐malicious changes in consumer profile. Simultaneously, this study proposes a novel validation technique used for validation, which utilizes predicted profiles to ensure accurate bifurcation between anomaly and theft targets. The result exhibits high detection ratio and low false‐positive ratio due to the application of appropriate validation block. The proposed methodology is also investigated from point of view of privacy preservation and is found to be relatively secure owing to low‐sampling rates, minimal usage of metadata and communication layer. The proposed algorithm has an edge over state‐of‐the‐art theft detection algorithms in detection accuracy and robustness towards outliers.
Revised error calibration model of linear accelerometer on precision centrifuge
Authors: Sun Chuang , Ren Shun-qing , Wang Chang-hong
Published: August 2019

The common error calibration model of a linear accelerometer usually cannot meet the accuracy requirement without considering the influence of misalignments in the precision centrifuge test. In order to improve the calibration accuracy, a series of coordinate systems is established and precise accelerations along the input axes of the accelerometers are deduced first. Then, by analyzing the mechanisms of the main error sources, the revised error calibration model is established which includes the misalignments, the radius errors, and the nonlinearity error terms. Then, the measurement methods are proposed to estimate the initial angular misalignments, the installation angular misalignments, and the installation radius misalignments by a theodolite and the accelerometer themselves in the different modes of the centrifuge, respectively. Finally, the experimental measurement results show that the initial angular misalignments are estimated accurately and less than 0.5′ after adjustment. Further investigation shows that the adequacy of the common error calibration model decline obviously and the calibration accuracies are lower than 6 × 10−3g/g without considering the misalignments. After compensating for the misalignments in the revised model, the error coefficients are identified precisely, and the calibration accuracies are higher than 1.5 × 10−3g/g.
On the angular dependence of InP high electron mobility transistors for cryogenic low noise amplifiers in a magnetic field
Authors: Rodrigues Isabel Harrysson , Niepce David , Pourkabirian Arsalan , Moschetti Giuseppe , Schleeh Joel , Bauch Thilo , Grahn Jan
Published: August 2019

The InGaAs-InAlAs-InP high electron mobility transistor (InP HEMT) is the preferred active device used in a cryogenic low noise amplifier (LNA) for sensitive detection of microwave signals. We have investigated the angular dependence of the InP HEMT when oriented in a magnetic field at 2 K ambient temperature up to 14 T. A sharp angular dependence as a function of the magnetic field was measured for the output current of the InP HEMT. This was accurately described by a geometrical magnetoresistance expression for all angles and magnetic field strengths. Key device parameters such as transconductance and on-resistance were significantly affected at small angles and magnetic fields. The strong angular dependence of the InP HEMT output current in a magnetic field has important implications for the alignment of cryogenic LNAs in microwave detection experiments involving magnetic fields.
Quantitative study of spin relaxation in rubrene thin films by inverse spin Hall effect
Authors: Li Zhihao , Li Tian , Qi Dong-Chen , Tong Wei , Xu Liqiang , Zhu Jin , Zhang Zhitao , Xu Hai , Zhang Wenhua , Guo Yuxian , Chen Feng , Han Yuyan , Cao Liang , Zhang Fapei , Xiong Yimin
Published: August 2019

Spin relaxation properties of π-conjugated organic semiconductors are key indicators of the performance of organic spintronic devices. However, reliable determination of spin relaxation parameters in organic materials is hindered by complex interfacial phenomena at organic/ferromagnetic metal interfaces that couple spin injection with charge injection. Here, we study the spin pumping induced pure spin transport in Permalloy/rubrene/Pt trilayers and determine the spin diffusion length λs = 132 ± 9 nm and the spin relaxation time τs = 3.8 ± 0.5 ms in rubrene films at room temperature by using the inverse spin Hall effect. The determined spin diffusion length λs is found to be almost two times larger than that of ∼46.3 nm at 100 K extracted from rubrene spin valve devices in which charge carrier injection/detection occurs at organic/ferromagnetic metal interfaces. Our results demonstrate experimentally that the efficiency and the rate of spin polarized charge transport through the organic/ferromagnetic metal interface play a dominant role in determining the spin relaxation process of spin valve devices in which charge and spin currents are coupled.
Microwave second-harmonic generation due to mobile carriers in doped graphene lacking center-of-inversion symmetry
Authors: Margulis Vl. A. , Muryumin E. E.
Published: August 2019

We present a Boltzmann equation analysis of microwave second-harmonic generation (SHG) due to mobile carriers in the doped graphene layer grown epitaxially on a SiC substrate (or, alternatively, deposited on a h-BN substrate) and lost its space inversion symmetry owing to the graphene-substrate interaction. The latter also induces a finite gap between the conduction and the valence band at the corners of the graphene’s Brillouin zone. Within such a gapped band model, which includes, as a key necessary ingredient, the trigonal warping of the graphene conduction band involved, we derive an explicit analytical expression for the SHG response function of the graphene’s mobile carriers at room temperature, when the effect of electron-momentum relaxation is primarily due to acoustic phonon scattering. The results obtained show that the possibility to tune the doping level of graphene by an external gate voltage allows one to maximize the output power of the microwave SHG, which may be of practical interest for the designs of graphene-based nonlinear devices operating in the millimeter-wave range.
Configuration synthesis of hoop truss deployable mechanisms for space antenna based on screw theory
Authors: Han Bo , Xu Yundou , Yao Jiantao , Zheng Dong , Guo Xiaoyu , Zhao Yongsheng
Published: August 2019

Hoop truss deployable antenna can realize the communication and data transmission between satellite and earth, which is an important type of satellite antennas, and its configuration design is currently one of the research hotspots in the field of aerospace. Based on screw theory, configuration synthesis of the hoop truss deployable mechanisms for space antenna is studied in this paper. First, the constraint synthesis method based on screw theory is briefly described, the structure and folding principle of hoop truss deployable mechanism are analyzed. Then, structure decomposition of the hoop truss deployable mechanism is carried out, it is divided into upper hoop edge, lower hoop edge and connected rods. The movement features of the nodes are described by the prismatic (P) joints, configuration synthesis of the hoop edge mechanisms is carried out, and 18 kinds of constrained branch mechanisms are obtained, two kinds of constrained branch mechanisms are selected through analysis and optimization. Furthermore, hoop edge mechanisms are obtained by combining the constrained branch mechanisms, and five hoop truss deployable mechanisms are obtained through different connection combinations. Finally, simulation models of the five kinds of hoop truss deployable mechanism are built in Solidworks and Matlab software, the deployment processes are simulated and verified, and their characteristics are analyzed and discussed. The research in this paper provides a good reference for the configuration synthesis of spatial deployable mechanisms, and the hoop truss mechanisms obtained in this paper can be well applied in the field of aerospace.
Automatic generation of evolutionary hypotheses using mixed Gaussian phylogenetic models
Authors: Mitov Venelin , Bartoszek Krzysztof , Stadler Tanja
Published: August 2019

Phylogenetic comparative methods are widely used to understand and quantify the evolution of phenotypic traits, based on phylogenetic trees and trait measurements of extant species. Such analyses depend crucially on the underlying model. Gaussian phylogenetic models like Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes are the workhorses of modeling continuous-trait evolution. However, these models fit poorly to big trees, because they neglect the heterogeneity of the evolutionary process in different lineages of the tree. Previous works have addressed this issue by introducing shifts in the evolutionary model occurring at inferred points in the tree. However, for computational reasons, in all current implementations, these shifts are “intramodel,” meaning that they allow jumps in 1 or 2 model parameters, keeping all other parameters “global” for the entire tree. There is no biological reason to restrict a shift to a single model parameter or, even, to a single type of model. Mixed Gaussian phylogenetic models (MGPMs) incorporate the idea of jointly inferring different types of Gaussian models associated with different parts of the tree. Here, we propose an approximate maximum-likelihood method for fitting MGPMs to comparative data comprising possibly incomplete measurements for several traits from extant and extinct phylogenetically linked species. We applied the method to the largest published tree of mammal species with body- and brain-mass measurements, showing strong statistical support for an MGPM with 12 distinct evolutionary regimes. Based on this result, we state a hypothesis for the evolution of the brain–body-mass allometry over the past 160 million y.
Itinerant quantum critical point with fermion pockets and hotspots
Authors: Liu Zi Hong , Pan Gaopei , Xu Xiao Yan , Sun Kai , Meng Zi Yang
Published: August 2019

Significance

The present work summarizes major progress in research on the itinerant quantum critical point (QCP). The authors designed a model and developed quantum Monte Carlo simulation to examine itinerant QCPs generated by antiferromagnetic fluctuations. The model has immediate relevance to a wide range of strongly correlated systems, such as cuprate superconductors. Large system size and low temperature are comfortably accessed and quantum critical scaling relations are revealed with high accuracy. At the QCP, a finite anomalous dimension is observed, and fermions at hotspots evolve into a non-Fermi liquid. These results are being observed in an unbiased manner and they could bridge future developments both in analytical theory and in numerical simulation of itinerant QCPs.
Molecular codes and in vitro generation of hypocretin and melanin concentrating hormone neurons
Authors: Seifinejad Ali , Li Sha , Mikhail Cyril , Vassalli Anne , Pradervand Sylvain , Arribat Yoan , Pezeshgi Modarres Hassan , Allen Bridget , John Rosalind M. , Amati Francesca , Tafti Mehdi
Published: August 2019

Hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) neuropeptides are exclusively produced by the lateral hypothalamus and play important roles in sleep, metabolism, reward, and motivation. Loss of HCRT (ligands or receptors) causes the sleep disorder narcolepsy with cataplexy in humans and in animal models. How these neuropeptides are produced and involved in diverse functions remain unknown. Here, we developed methods to sort and purify HCRT and MCH neurons from the mouse late embryonic hypothalamus. RNA sequencing revealed key factors of fate determination for HCRT (
Peg3
,
Ahr1
,
Six6
,
Nr2f2
, and
Prrx1
) and MCH (
Lmx1
,
Gbx2
, and
Peg3
) neurons. Loss of
Peg3
in mice significantly reduces HCRT and MCH cell numbers, while knock-down of a
Peg3
ortholog in zebrafish completely abolishes their expression, resulting in a 2-fold increase in sleep amount. We also found that loss of HCRT neurons in
Hcrt-ataxin-3
mice results in a specific 50% decrease in another orexigenic neuropeptide, QRFP, that might explain the metabolic syndrome in narcolepsy. The transcriptome results were used to develop protocols for the production of HCRT and MCH neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells and ascorbic acid was found necessary for HCRT and BMP7 for MCH cell differentiation. Our results provide a platform to understand the development and expression of HCRT and MCH and their multiple functions in health and disease.
Protein stability engineering insights revealed by domain-wide comprehensive mutagenesis
Authors: Nisthal Alex , Wang Connie Y. , Ary Marie L. , Mayo Stephen L.
Published: August 2019

The accurate prediction of protein stability upon sequence mutation is an important but unsolved challenge in protein engineering. Large mutational datasets are required to train computational predictors, but traditional methods for collecting stability data are either low-throughput or measure protein stability indirectly. Here, we develop an automated method to generate thermodynamic stability data for nearly every single mutant in a small 56-residue protein. Analysis reveals that most single mutants have a neutral effect on stability, mutational sensitivity is largely governed by residue burial, and unexpectedly, hydrophobics are the best tolerated amino acid type. Correlating the output of various stability-prediction algorithms against our data shows that nearly all perform better on boundary and surface positions than for those in the core and are better at predicting large-to-small mutations than small-to-large ones. We show that the most stable variants in the single-mutant landscape are better identified using combinations of 2 prediction algorithms and including more algorithms can provide diminishing returns. In most cases, poor in silico predictions were tied to compositional differences between the data being analyzed and the datasets used to train the algorithm. Finally, we find that strategies to extract stabilities from high-throughput fitness data such as deep mutational scanning are promising and that data produced by these methods may be applicable toward training future stability-prediction tools.
Immuno-PET identifies the myeloid compartment as a key contributor to the outcome of the antitumor response under PD-1 blockade
Authors: Rashidian Mohammad , LaFleur Martin W. , Verschoor Vincent L. , Dongre Anushka , Zhang Yun , Nguyen Thao H. , Kolifrath Stephen , Aref Amir R. , Lau Christie J. , Paweletz Cloud P. , Bu Xia , Freeman Gordon J. , Barrasa M. Inmaculada , Weinberg Robert A. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: August 2019

Significance

Immunotherapy, especially blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axes, has resulted in durable responses in a range of cancers. However, responses remain heterogeneous among patients. Treatment outcome results from changes in the tumor microenvironment imposed by such blockade. Here, we use immuno-PET and single-cell RNA sequencing to increase our understanding of the dynamics of immune cells and their functional status in the tumor microenvironment in response to PD-1 blockade. Our data provide insights into the dynamics of CD8
+
T cells and the functional status of the myeloid compartment in response to PD-1 blockade.
Analysis of lipoprotein transport depletion in
Vibrio cholerae
using CRISPRi
Authors: Caro Florence , Place Nicole M. , Mekalanos John J.
Published: August 2019

Significance

In this study, we interrogated the role of
Vibrio cholerae
essential genes in viability and virulence using CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) and found that depletion of the essential lipoprotein transport pathway causes extrusion of large membrane vesicles and ultimately leads to this pathogen’s death. Our work generates mechanistic insights into fundamental areas of
V. cholerae
biology, with important implications for medical prevention of devastating cholera outbreaks.
Next-generation of targeted AAVP vectors for systemic transgene delivery against cancer
Authors: Suwan Keittisak , Yata Teerapong , Waramit Sajee , Przystal Justyna M. , Stoneham Charlotte A. , Bentayebi Kaoutar , Asavarut Paladd , Chongchai Aitthiphon , Pothachareon Peraphan , Lee Koon-Yang , Topanurak Supachai , Smith Tracey L. , Gelovani Juri G. , Sidman Richard L. , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Hajitou Amin
Published: August 2019

Significance

Over the past decade, we have used adeno-associated virus phage (AAVP) vectors for discovery, preclinical imaging, and translation therapy. However, hurdles remained with AAVP-mediated transgene delivery: both preinternalization (nonspecific protein adsorption, resulting in antibody-based neutralization) and postinternalization (endolysosomal degradation). As a proof-of-concept, we designed, developed, and validated a next-generation of targeted AAVP vectors that mitigate these obstacles to efficient gene delivery through the
cis
-genetic incorporation of specific peptide motifs to the phage capsid. On direct testing, the next-generation of targeted AAVP vectors proved superior to the original prototype in vitro and in mouse models of solid tumors, by avoiding degradation in pre- and postinternalization settings: An important methodological advance. We propose this platform should be considered for clinical applications.
The development of the Chinese copulashìconstruction
Authors: Zhan Fangqiong , Traugott Elizabeth Closs
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the development of the copulashìconstruction in Chinese from the perspective of diachronic construction grammar (Traugott & Trousdale 2013). In prior work the development has been conceptualized in a grammaticalization framework, with focus on the individual expressionshì, rather than on its development in the context of both the immediate syntactic frame and also of other constructions such as the demonstrativeshìconstruction and the copulawéiconstruction. We show that the copulashìconstruction went through various types of expansion and reduction. The change was not unidirectional in the way predicted by a grammaticalization model such as is proposed in e.g. Lehmann (1995,2004) andHaspelmath (2004).
A diachronic corpus study of prenominal zo’n ‘so a’ in Dutch
Authors: Van Olmen Daniël
Published: August 2019

Like its English counterpart such, Dutch zo’n has identifying and intensifying uses. The established pathway from the former to the latter is found to constitute a proportional rather than a discrete shift here. The strong presence of intensifying uses from the start, as compared to the older Dutch marker zulk, is argued to be due to preexisting constructions that are alike formally and convey intensification. Zo’n is also found to have a recognitional and an approximating use. The case is made that the former has evolved out of the identifying use and that the latter is a development which is independent from the other uses functionally but has modeled itself on them formally. Finally, it is argued that the semantic shift from identification to intensification is best captured by the well-known pathway from textual to expressive, although the unidirectionality of this cline is uncertain, and that the change from identification to recognition supports a recent proposal to distinguish immediate and extended intersubjectivity.
Imaging within single NPCs reveals NXF1’s role in mRNA export on the cytoplasmic side of the pore
Authors: Ben-Yishay Rakefet , Mor Amir , Shraga Amit , Ashkenazy-Titelman Asaf , Kinor Noa , Schwed-Gross Avital , Jacob Avi , Kozer Noga , Kumar Pramod , Garini Yuval , Shav-Tal Yaron
Published: August 2019

Translocation of mRNA through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) requires interactions with different NPC regions. To determine the interactions that are crucial for effective mRNA export in living cells, we examined mRNA export within individual pores by applying various types of mRNA export blocks that stalled mRNPs at different stages of transition. Focusing on the major mRNA export factor NXF1, we found that initial mRNP binding to the NPC did not require NXF1 in the NPC, whereas release into the cytoplasm did. NXF1 localization in the NPC did not require RNA or RNA binding. Superresolution microscopy showed that NXF1 consistently occupied positions on the cytoplasmic side of the NPC. Interactions with specific nucleoporins were pinpointed using FLIM-FRET for measuring protein–protein interactions inside single NPCs, showing that Dbp5 helicase activity of mRNA release is conserved in yeast and humans. Altogether, we find that specific interactions on the cytoplasmic side of the NPC are fundamental for the directional flow of mRNA export.
Sauter–Schwinger effect with a quantum gas
Authors: Piñeiro A M , Genkina D , Lu Mingwu , Spielman I B
Published: August 2019

The creation of particle–antiparticle pairs from vacuum by a large electric field is at the core of quantum electrodynamics. Despite the wide acceptance that this phenomenon occurs naturally when electric field strengths exceed E
c ≈ 1018 V m−1, it has yet to be experimentally observed due to the limitations imposed by producing electric fields at this scale. The high degree of experimental control present in ultracold atomic systems allow experimentalists to create laboratory analogs to high-field phenomena. Here we emulated massive relativistic particles subject to large electric field strengths, thereby quantum-simulated particle–antiparticle pair creation, and experimentally explored particle creation from ‘the Dirac vacuum’. Data collected from our analog system spans the full parameter regime from low applied field (negligible pair creation) below the Sauter–Schwinger limit, to high field (maximum rate of pair creation) far in excess of the Sauter–Schwinger limit. In our experiment, we perform direct measurements on an analog atomic system and show that this high-field phenomenon is well-characterized by Landau–Zener tunneling, well known in the atomic physics context, and we find full quantitative agreement with theory with no adjustable parameters.
Manipulation of superconducting qubit with direct digital synthesis*
Authors: Li Zhi-Yuan , Yu Hai-Feng , Tan Xin-Sheng , Zhao Shi-Ping , Yu Yang
Published: August 2019

We investigate the XY control and manipulation of the superconducting qubit state using direct digital synthesis (DDS) for the microwave pulse signal generation. The decoherence time, gate fidelity, and other qubit properties are measured and carefully characterized, and compared with the results obtained by using the traditional mixing technique for the microwave pulse generation. In particular, the qubit performance in the state manipulation with respect to the sampling rate of DDS is studied. Our results demonstrate that the present technique provides a simple and effective method for the XY control and manipulation of the superconducting qubit state. Realistic applications of the technique for the possible future scalable superconducting quantum computation are discussed.