bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Dropout Rates in West Sumatra Using the Random Forest Algorithm with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique
Authors: Anita Fadila  , Syafriandi Syafriandi  , Yenni Kurniawati  , Admi Salma
Published: September 2024

Angka putus sekolah adalah persentase atau banyaknya siswa yang tidak melanjutkan pendidikan hingga menyelesaikan suatu jenjang pendidikan tertentu, misalnya sekolah dasar, sekolah menengah pertama, atau sekolah menengah atas. Angka putus sekolah yang tinggi dapat mengindikasikan adanya permasalahan dalam sistem pendidikan. Pada tahun 2021, rata-rata angka putus sekolah di Sumbar lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata nasional. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan siswa putus sekolah. Metode statistik dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi faktor-faktor penyebab seseorang putus sekolah, salah satunya melalui metode klasifikasi. Klasifikasi dapat membantu mengidentifikasi dan memprediksi kelompok rentan putus sekolah. Algoritma yang digunakan adalah random forest. Sebelum dilakukan klasifikasi, dilakukan penyeimbangan data dengan menggunakan metode SMOTE. Sumber data diperoleh dari data Susenas tahun 2021. Algoritma random forest berhasil menciptakan model optimal untuk mengidentifikasi angka putus sekolah di Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2021 dengan menerapkan kombinasi parameter tuning mtry = 3 dan ntree = 500. Berdasarkan nilai Mean Decrease Gini (MDG) dalam menentukan variabel-variabel penting, ditemukan bahwa atribut utama penyebab putus sekolah adalah status ibu masih hidup atau sudah meninggal. Model dengan SMOTE tidak meningkatkan akurasi dan spesifisitas, namun mampu meningkatkan presisi, recall, dan skor F1. Oleh karena itu, pada kasus putus sekolah, model dengan SMOTE lebih baik dibandingkan model tanpa SMOTE.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN POP-UP BOOK PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SDN 106811 BANDAR SETIA
Authors: Siregar Indah Amaliyah , Simanungkalit Erlinda , Simanjuntak Eva Betty , Sirait Albert Pauli , Faisal Faisal
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D dengan model ADDIE yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan media pembelajaran pop-up book. Hasil penelitian ini adalah diperoleh validasi kelayakan oleh ahli materi 90%“Sangat Layak”, validasi oleh ahli media 91,6% “Sangat Layak”, hasil uji praktikalitas oleh praktisi Pendidikan yaitu respon guru 94% “Sangat Praktis” dan respon siswa 90% “Sangat Praktis”. Hasil belajar siswa dengan rata-rata pre-test sebesar 58“Tidak Efektif”, post-test sebesar 88 “Sangat Efektif”. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran pop-up book layak, praktis, dan efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri 106811 Bandar Setia.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN, LANGKAH KELIMA MODEL DICK AND CAREY PADA LMS BPOM
Authors: Kurniati Kiki , Djono Djono
Published: September 2024

Pengembangan kompetensi melalui platform pembelajaran mandiri IDEAS di BPOM telah memfasilitasi pemenuhan kewajiban pengembangan kompetensi (20 JP), tetapi belum optimal dalam mencapai peningkatan kompetensi yang menyeluruh. Keterbatasan utama terletak pada penggunaan metode evaluasi pretest dan posttest, yang dirasa kurang mampu menggambarkan penerapan pengetahuan secara praktis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efektivitas instrumen penilaian lain, yaitu refleksi dalam evaluasi pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan aplikasi materi oleh pegawai. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk menganalisis data dari pretest, posttest, dan feedback formulir evaluasi. Temuan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam skor posttest dan preferensi peserta terhadap metode evaluasi yang lebih interaktif. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penggunaan refleksi tidak hanya memperkaya proses evaluasi tetapi juga memfasilitasi pembelajaran yang lebih adaptif dan berkesinambungan.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF MENGGUNAKAN CANVA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS KELAS IV SDN 19 RANTAU UTARA T.A 2023/2024
Authors: Rambe Yulfa Syahdina , Rozi Fahrur , Mailani Elvi , Sirait Albert Pauli , Manurung Imelda Free Unita
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan multimedia interaktif  menggunakan Canva yang valid, praktis, dan efektif pada pembelajaran IPAS di kelas IV SDN 19 Rantau Utara T.A 2023/2024. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari Analisis (Analysis), Desain (Design), Pengembangan (Development), Implementasi (Implementation), dan Evaluasi (Evaluation). Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN 19 Rantau Utara yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Teknik analisi data pada penelitian ini yaitu data kualitatif diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, tanggapan dan saran dari validator materi, media, dan guru, sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh dari angket yang diberikan kepada ahli materi, ahli media, dan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian kevalidan oleh ahli materi (dosen) memperoleh skor 52 (86,6%) dengan kriteria “Sangat Valid”, dan penilaian oleh ahli media (dosen) memperoleh skor 97 (97%) dengan kriteria “Sangat Valid”. Selanjutnya penilaian kepraktisan oleh guru kelas IV memperoleh skor 57 (95%) dengan kriteria “Sangat Praktis”. Adapun hasil penilaian keefektifan oleh peserta didik kelas IV menunjukkan peningkatan dibuktikan dengan hasil pre-test memperoleh 54,83% dan hasil post-test memperoleh nilai 90% . Berdasarkan keefektifan penggunaan multimedia interaktif menggunakan Canva yang menggunakan N-Gain mendapatkan kriteria “Efektif” dengan persentase 80%.
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA MELALUI METODE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) DI KELAS V SDN 064037 MEDAN TEMBUNG
Authors: Siregar Muammar Sahala Tua , Simanjuntak Natacia Ounike , Salsabila Salsabila , Simanungkalit Selsa
Published: September 2024

Dalam konteks pendidikan dasar, penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila seringkali menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang kompleks. Tantangan utama adalah mengakhiri metode pengajaran yang tidak hanya efektif. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menggali Implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila Melalui Metode Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) di kelas V SDN 064037 Tembung. Metode Penelitian yaitu metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, dengan data pendukung berupa buku, jurnal, dan sumber lain yang relevan. Analisis menggunakan reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila melalui metode STAD di kelas V SDN 064037 Tembung membuktikan bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif dapat menjadi sarana yang efektif untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai kebangsaan sejak dini. Melalui kerja sama tim, tanggung jawab bersama, keadilan dalam penilaian, dan praktik demokrasi dalam pengambilan keputusan.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS PERMULAAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS RENDAH
Authors: Anggraeni Ratna Niken , Iswara Prana Dwija , Aeni Ani Nur
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh sebagian siswa yang kurang terampil menulis permulaan dengan gejala belum lancar menulis, tulisan yang tidak terbaca. Maka sebuah media pembelajaran dari Google Sites dengan elemen video, gambar, teks, dan tautan dikembangkan untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilannya. Instrumen digunakan untuk mengukur validitas media diantaranya panduan wawancara, lembar validasi ahli media dan materi, serta lembar penilaian media audio visual menulis permulaan. Penelitian ini merupakan perencanaan dan pengembangan DnD (Design and Development) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian dari validator, guru dan siswa berada di penilaian ≥ 80% (valid). Penelitian ini menguatkan temuan agar guru memperhatikan media digital (elektronik) dalam pembelajaran, menggunakan gawai, dan terkoneksi dengan internet.
PENGGUNAAN INFOGRAFIS SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI
Authors: Tanjung Julailanajmi Hasiholanda , Lubis Fitriani
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang inovatif melalui infografis. Penggunaan media pembelajaran yang inovatif dapat meningkatkan pemahaman belajar siswa dalam memperoleh informasi terkait materi pembelajaran yang diajarkan oleh guru selama pembelajaran khususnya pada penelitian ini adalah materi pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Keberhasilan media pembelajaran yang tepat bagi siswa mampu meningkatkan kompetensi belajar, motivasi belajar, memperkuat memori materi, dan membantu siswa untuk menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Infografis adalah media pembelajaran yang menyajikan visual menarik dan data konkret terkait informasi yang ingin disampaikan kepada siswa dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga materi pembelajaran teks deskripsi lebih mudah dipahami oleh mahasiswa. Siswa juga menjadi lebih mudah memahami setiap poin penting utama dalam tema pembelajaran sehingga mampu menuliskan teks deskripsi hasil karyanya sendiri.
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI DI SDN 5 NGABUL PADA RAPOR PENDIDIKAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2023/ 2024
Authors: Toha Achmad , Zumrotun Erna
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan upaya peningkatan numerasi peserta didik SD Negeri 5 Ngabul pada rapot pendidikan tahun ajaran 2023/2024 dalam memepersiapkan peserta didik kelas V dalam mengikuti kegiatan Asesmen Nasional Berbasis Komputer (ANBK). Adapun jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan  melalui tekhnik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Subjek pada penelitian ini seluruh peserta didik kelas V yang mengikuti kegiatan Asesmen Nasiona, wali kelas V dan kepala sekolah SD Negeri 5 Ngabul. Hasil penelitian menunjukan melalui komitmen kerjasama sekolah, peserta didik,  guru, orang tua dalam mempersiapkan peserta didik dalam mengikuti kegiatan asesmen nasional (AN), Diterapkannya rapot pendidikan membantu SD Negeri 5 Ngabul dalam menganalisis persoalan terkait pemahaman numerasi peserta didik yang rendah dengan menentukan strategi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan numerasi seperti perbaikan lingkungan belajar, perencanaan berbasis data, pelatihan dan kolaborasi, penyediaan sarana dan infrastruktur penunjang asesmen nasional (AN), monitoring dan evaluasi, sehinga dengan berbagai langkah yang ditempuh tersebut pada rapot pendidikan tahun 2023 mengalami peningkatan pada bidang numerasi peserta didik dengan presentase keberhasilan 83,33% dari sebelumnya 77,33% peserta didik sudah mencapai kompetensi minimum.
Guarantees of implementation of the right to health protection and medical assistance
Authors: Murgustova Z.O.
Published: September 2024

It is noted that in the conditions of rapid development of society, scientific and technical progress and the emergence of new diseases, the issue of the realization of the right to health care acquires special significance. The growth of the planet’s population, increasing man-made load on the environment, deterioration of the ecological situation and armed conflicts significantly affect the exercise of this right. The lack of a minimum level of health makes it impossible for a person to fully participate in state and social life, limits the realization of his rights, which, in turn, threatens economic development, stability and security of society.
This scientific article defines the content and types of guarantees for the realization of the right of individuals to health care and medical assistance. The subject of the application of guarantees is the state in the person of authorized competent bodies that act to promote the realization of the specified right and its protection.
Various approaches of scientists to the definition of the concept of «guarantee» and their classification have been analyzed.
The main role in the system of guarantees for the realization of the human right to health care and medical care belongs to legal guarantees, which are enshrined in law and ensure the implementation of its norms. Legal guarantees include all legal means by which human and citizen rights and freedoms are implemented and protected, as they provide legal responsibility for authorized subjects for failure to fulfill or violate the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, as well as contribute to increasing the guarantees of the realization of rights.
It is proposed to consider the guarantees of the right to health care and medical care as a system consisting of two groups - general and legal (special) guarantees, which in turn contain a certain set of elements.
The group of general guarantees includes political, economic, social, culturalandinformational guarantees; legal (special) guarantees include regulatory, institutional (organizational) and international legal guarantees.
The author proposed an author’s definition of the concept and content of the relevant components of both general guarantees and legal (special) guarantees.
The author actualizes the issue of wider use of stimulating constitutional guarantees of the human right to health care and medical care.
Variability of proving domestic violence: a praxeological aspect
Authors: Hloviuk I.V. , Hutnyk A.V. , Kots Y.P.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the praxeological aspect of the variability of proving domestic violence. The authors used a graphical method to visualize examples of variability in the combination of forms of violence, the use of sources of evidence, compliance with and violation of the non bis in idem principle, and the status of a child during domestic violence. It is concluded that domestic violence always consists of at least three episodes of violence, which may consist of physical, psychological, economic violence, or a combination of two or three of these forms at the same time. Based on the practice of the Supreme Court, it has been established that domestic violence is proved by various pieces of evidence. The preliminary facts of domestic violence may be reflected in various sources of evidence, including documents (administrative protocol, court order, restraining order, criminal proceedings, etc.) It is noted that the initiation of criminal proceedings on the fact of domestic violence under Article 126­1of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not have to be preceded by two cases of bringing a person to administrative liability under parts of Article 173-2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. In cases where there are no previous appeals to law enforcement agencies or courts, audio and video recordings, screenshots and other evidence may be used to prove the systematic nature of domestic violence, which must meet the requirements of the CPC of Ukraine for evidence.
The authors emphasize that simultaneously bringing a person to administrative and criminal liability for the same episode of domestic violence is a violation of the non bis in idem principle. Therefore, a person may be held criminally liable under Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine if there is one (the last) or more episodes of violence for which the person has not previously been held administratively liable. The commission by a person of criminal offenses provided for in parts of the articles (articles) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and domestic violence is not a violation of the non bis in idem principle.
It is noted that a child who has witnessed domestic violence is always a victim of this offense. The draft law on harmonization of the provisions of the CPC of Ukraine with the Istanbul Convention on the involvement of a child as a victim from the moment of entering information into the URPTI was approved, as a child who witnessed domestic violence suffers moral damage. A child who witnessed domestic violence and is not related to the persons between whom the domestic violence occurred is not a victim of domestic violence.
Proving by the defense the absence of a necessity to extend the pre-trial investigation
Authors: Zinkovskyy I.P.
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the issue of proving by the defense the absence of a necessity to extend the pre-trial investigation. The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of proving the absence of a need for the pre-trial investigation term extension by the defense and the applicable arguments (based on case law). The article deals with the following issues: general issues of proof; arguments for the defense to object to the pre­trial investigation extension; ways of proving the absence of a necessity to extend the pre-trial investigation and violation of the conditions for filing a motion. All issues are covered based on the case law of investigating judges. It is noted that the absence of a rule on serving a copy of the motion reduces the defense’s possibilities, since the defense does not always get acquainted with the materials of criminal proceedings in accordance with Article 221 of the CPC of Ukraine.
The author proves that the defense can prove that there is no need to extend the pre­trial investigation term by denying compliance with the standard of promptness and reasonable speed of investigation and, as a manifestation of this, its effectiveness. In practice, this is done by substantiating the following: proof of the crime event; proof of the suspect’s involvement in this event; circumstances indicating the complexity of the proceedings (special complexity, exceptional complexity); the list of procedural actions which require additional time to conduct or complete and the significance of the results of these procedural actions for the trial; the inability to conduct these procedural actions earlier; the time required to conduct or complete procedural actions (in full or at the request of the defense). The author emphasizes that the CPC of Ukraine needs to be amended to enhance the defense’s capabilities by providing a copy of the motion to the defense and by requiring investigating judges to indicate and assess the defense’s position if it is submitted in the form of written objections or other documents or expressed in court.
Concept and system of means of criminal prosecution
Authors: Patreliuk D.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept and system of criminal prosecution remedies. The author emphasizes that the issue of the concept and system of criminal prosecution remedies remains highly controversial and requires further research and substantiation. It is stated that the implementation of activities related to exposing a person and establishing his/her involvement in a criminal offense does not depend on the availability of any procedural status. The author points out that imperfection of the regulatory framework for the system of criminal prosecution creates risks of violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person who is exposed. It is noted that the system of criminal prosecution means is much broader and should include all procedural actions (interim measures) aimed at obtaining evidentiary information regarding a person’s involvement in a criminal offense. Undoubtedly, investigative (search) actions are the main means of collecting evidence, but other procedural actions also lead to the receipt of incriminating evidence. The author substantiates the criteria which determine whether a relevant procedural action (interim measures) belongs to the means of criminal prosecution. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account the focus of such measures which are aimed at obtaining information about a criminal offense. Secondly, means of criminal prosecution regulated and (or) not prohibited by the norms of the criminal procedural law should not lead to the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, which may be significant or insignificant. Thirdly, under the general permissive type of legal regulation, criminal prosecution may be used that is not expressly prohibited by the rules of procedural law, but is legitimate in view of the absence of a risk of human rights restriction. At the same time, the specially permissive type of legal regulation of criminal prosecution means provides for the implementation of procedural activities only in the manner expressly permitted by the criminal procedural legislation.
Gender aspect in the issue of climate change and green energy transformation in the context of European integration processes
Authors: Tokunova A. , Roshkanyuk V. , Bai O. , Chavostin D.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to defining the specifics of the gender aspect in the issue of climate change and green energy transformation, and outlining possible proposals for promoting gender equality priorities in this area in Ukraine. The thesis is substantiated that the promotion of gender equality should be taken into account in the development of strategic documents on climate change and green energy transformation in our country as well. For this purpose, the following steps are proposed. First of all, including the context of gender aspects of climate change and green energy transition in the relevant studies and assessments carried out in the EU. Secondly, conducting an assessment of the gender sensitivity of the policies, strategies and programs already adopted in Ukraine, which relate to issues of climate change and green energy transformation (including the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the period until 2030, the Environmental Security and Adaptation to Climate Change Strategy for the period until 2030, Strategies for the formation and implementation of the state policy in the field of climate change for the period until 2035, etc.). Thirdly, improving access and increasing the involvement of women in obtaining systemic knowledge by stimulating the passage of relevant training. This applies directly to the climate direction (training for work in the field of climate change, countering and mitigating adverse effects such as floods, droughts, changes in the precipitation regime and sharp temperature fluctuations), and the processes of public administration, management and risk management in these spheres, as well as technological and management processes in the context of green energy transformation. Fourthly, the development of effective industry mechanisms to increase the representation of women in the process of decision-making on climate change and green energy transformation, based on the results of the implementation of measures provided for in the operational plan for the implementation of the State Strategy for Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities of Women and Men for the Period Until 2030 year, which expires this year.
Review of the monograph by G.Z. Ostapenko "The Principle of Legal Determination: Theoretical and Applied Principles"
Authors: Bulkat M.
Published: September 2024

The monograph is devoted to the actual problem of applying the principle of legal certainty, which the author proposes to consider in the theoretical and law-enforcement plane. A number of works that previously raised the issue of the principle of legal certainty, new for Ukrainian legal science, although they noted its connection with the principle of the rule of law, still did not give a comprehensive answer either about its content or about its place in the system of legal principles. Therefore, the appearance of such a complex monograph, which raises a number of questions from philosophical and legal ideas that form the basis of the principle of legal certainty to the analysis of its content and applied aspects of application, is an important fundamental research that solves a topical issue for theoretical jurisprudence.In the complex social and political conditions in which Ukraine is developing its legislation with the aim of adapting it to the accession to the EU, it is important to maintain focus on the fundamental legal principles that serve as the main guidelines. It is important to apply the principle of legal certainty in the development of new normative legal acts, especially in the conditions of martial law, to ensure the inviolability of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen in circumstances when there are threats to this. It is absolutely important to apply the principle of legal certainty in the work of state authorities in conditions where decision-making is carried out within discretionary powers, which can lead to unequal application of the same provisions of the law and create a threat of ambiguity and inconsistency in law enforcement activities of state authorities. Given the above, the relevance of the topic of the monograph is beyond doubt.
Conflict regulation of international commercial contracts in Ukraine: modern approaches and prospects for development
Authors: Myronenko I.
Published: September 2024

This article examines the issues of the system of conflict of laws principles and conflict of law rules regarding the regulation of international commercial contracts, the peculiarities of their application, and the prospects for the development of the corresponding legal regulation in Ukraine.
Today, conflict regulation of international commercial contracts in Ukraine is carried out using general and special models. Conceptually, this is related to the application of such conflicting principles as the «party autonomy» of the parties to the contract and the «close connection» of the applicable law with the relevant contract.
The general model of conflict regulation of international commercial contracts is manifested in the application of the conflict binding «law chosen by the parties to the contract» (lex voluntatis) in accordance with the rules on the operation of the «party autonomy» principle. Today, in the legal doctrine and legislation of most countries of the world, an approach is used, according to which the parties to the contract are given the opportunity to determine the law that will regulate the relevant transaction with a foreign element. The current legislation of Ukraine on this issue generally reflects the conflict of laws rules generally accepted in international practice. However, it is necessary to improve it, taking into account the provisions of the «Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts» (2015).
The special model of conflict regulation of international commercial contracts is used in the absence of a choice of competent legal order (law) by the parties to the transaction. As a general rule, it provides for the application of conflict of law provisions, which determine the right according to the «characteristic performance» criterion. However, at the same time, a number of additional conflicting provisions have been established regarding the regulation of certain types of transactions, which are based on other criteria (place of conclusion of the contract, place of execution of the contract, location of immovable property, etc.). Today, the issue of improving these norms in accordance with «Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations» (Rome I) is relevant.
Implementation of EU legislation into the national legislation of Ukraine in the regulation of state support of small and medium-sized businesses
Authors: Vozniakovska K.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the implementation of European requirements for the regulation of state support of small and medium-sized businesses into Ukrainian legislation. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that Ukraine’s established obligations regarding the adaptation of legislation to European standards, which affect the regulation of state support for small and medium-sized businesses, have not yet been finalized.”
At the same time, the relevance of supporting small and medium-sized businesses in the context of the National Economic Strategy until 2030 and deregulation reforms is reflected in the strategic goals of entrepreneurship development defined by these documents. This highlights the importance of creating a favorable business environment for small and medium-sized businesses aimed at increasing their competitiveness and innovation.
Thus, the implementation of European requirements and the planning of actions to improve the mechanism of state aid to enterprises reflect the importance of the topic, since these measures are aimed at ensuring the compliance of Ukrainian legislation with European standards and at supporting the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the context of European integration.
Ukraine seeks to deepen its economic ties with the European Union, and for this it is necessary to harmonize legislation to European standards. In particular, regulation of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in accordance with European norms can facilitate the access of Ukrainian companies to the European market. Small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine play an important role in shaping the country’s economic potential. The implementation of European requirements for state support can contribute to the growth of this sector, creating more favorable conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, increasing competitiveness and attracting investments.
In Ukraine, the first project of the Strategy for the Development of SMEs until 2027 is being implemented, aimed at solving the pressing problems of the sector, such as access to financing, logistics and personnel shortage. This initiative meets the requirements of the European Commission and is designed to ensure the integration of SMEs into the European market and increase their competitiveness.
Changing Ukrainian legislation in accordance with European requirements can contribute to the harmonization of various sectors of the economy and increase the confidence of both domestic and foreign investors in business conditions in Ukraine.
Legal security of detinization of the economy: experience of EU countries
Authors: Oziumenko Y.
Published: September 2024

The existence of a shadow economy in any state causes many problems, the solution of which should be immediate and effective. The deification of the economy is aimed at introducing the latest technologies, working with the regulatory and legal framework to overcome illegal and semi-legal economic activity, which leads to considerable losses of the state budget, distorts the competitive environment and inhibits economic development. With this in mind, legal support for the detinization of the economy is a very relevant issue in modern society.
Any country in the process of its economic development is faced with illegal or semi­legal ways of conducting economic affairs. The European Union is no exception. United by states with different economic levels, it has many years of experience in the fight against the shadow economy. The experience of the EU countries is widely used for many countries of the world that fight against the shadow economy, including Ukraine.
The necessity of researching the legal support of the detinization of the economy, taking into account the experience of the EU countries, is determined by the complexity and variability of the fight against this phenomenon. Different EU countries apply different approaches and legislative initiatives in the fight against the shadow economy. Comparing these approaches helps identify the most effective methods and adapt them to the conditions of one’s own economy. Studying the experience of the EU contributes to the development of unified approaches to legal regulation, contributing to the significant facilitation of international cooperation in the fight against the shadow economy. Taking this into account, reducing the volume of the shadow economy contributes to increasing revenues to the state budget, increasing the level of economic stability and creating a favorable climate for business development. Thus, the study of legal support for the detinization of the economy, taking into account the experience of the EU countries, is a necessary step for the development of effective economic policy and ensuring sustainable economic growth not only of individual sectors of the economy, but also of the entire state in general. The experience of countries that have overcome this path should serve as an example for other countries that are still fighting this phenomenon.
Digitalization of the legal mechanism of climate change prevention
Authors: Ilkiv N.V.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the legal framework for the use of digital technologies in the State climate policy of Ukraine. It is indicated that the formation and subsequent implementation of the national climate policy focused on the European Green Deal, and the development of a strategy for overcoming the negative environmental consequences of military actions require the integration of digital solutions for the transition to a climate-neutral sustainable economy and prevention of climate change. A systematic analysis of the legal provisions that form the basis for the digitalization of the State climate policy is carried out. It is shown that the connection between the issue of climate change prevention and adaptation to it and the digitalization of this area is traced primarily in political and legal documents, in particular, strategies and concepts.
The purpose of the article is to identify the main areas of development of legal regulation of the use of digital technologies in climate change mitigation and adaptation, which is being formed in the context of European integration transformations and taking into account the negative impact of the armed Russian invasion.
It is emphasized that Ukraine is moving towards joining the European greenhouse gas emissions trading system, which is inextricably linked to digitalization processes. A prerequisite for the launch of a national greenhouse gas emissions trading system is the creation of a system for monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions. The author considers the place of such digital tools as the Unified Register for Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, the National Register of Pollutant Emissions and Transfers, the Unified State Register of Controlled Substances Operators, the Unified Register of Environmental Impact Assessment and the Unified Register of Strategic Environmental Assessment in the legal mechanism for climate change prevention and adaptation.
It is summarized that the state policy and legislation in the climate sphere should provide for a well-established special mechanism of political and legal regulatory instruments. Climate change adaptation requires cross-cutting and sectoral integration of digital solutions into public administration processes.
Determination of damage caused to land as a result of armed aggression and hostilities: legal issues
Authors: Novak T.S. , Shovkun V.V.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the current legal framework for determining the amount of damage caused to land as a result of armed aggression and hostilities, and also identifies the main problems in this area and develops proposals for their overcoming.
Given that one of the negative consequences of the ongoing war in Ukraine is damage to the environment in general and to its individual elements in particular, it is urgent to determine the amount of such damage for further realization of the possibility of its compensation by the aggressor state. Thus, the developments of both practical and theoretical content on improving the existing procedures and methods for calculating environmental damage caused by armed aggression and hostilities become relevant, and this makes this article timely.
As a result of the study of the legal framework for determining the damage caused to the land as a result of armed aggression and hostilities, the author concludes that the legislation does not sufficiently take into account the specifics of such damage.
The author substantiates the expediency of expanding the “Methodology for Determining the Amount of Damage Caused to Land and Soils as a Result of Emergency Situations and/or Armed Aggression and Hostilities during Martial Law” with provisions on determining the damage caused by soil degradation caused by armed aggression. The author proves the need for an upward revision of the coefficients used in calculating the amount of damage caused by land contamination due to armed aggression/hostilities under the “Methodology for Determining the Amount of Damage Caused to Land and Soils as a Result of Emergency Situations and/or Armed Aggression and Hostilities during Martial Law”. It is established that the application of adjustment factors which take into account the ecological and economic value of land and are determined according to the norms developed in the pre-war period do not reflect the specifics of damage to land caused by armed aggression/ hostilities. The author argues that it is necessary to include private farms in the list of entities entitled to compensation for humanitarian demining of agricultural land. The author proposes to integrate the costs of humanitarian demining of agricultural land into the amount of damage caused to the land/soil.
Protection of digital infrastructure in customs-administrative services: challenges and modern approaches to cybersecurity
Authors: Bilenets D.
Published: September 2024

In the modern world, digital technologies penetrate all spheres of life, and customs- administrative services are no exception. The development of digital infrastructures in this field contributes to increasing the efficiency, transparency, and speed of customs operations. Digitalization encompasses the implementation of modern technologies and solutions that allow for the automation and optimization of many aspects of customs authorities’ work, which in turn positively impacts the entire customs control and service process. One of the main directions of digitalization is the automation of customs document processing. The use of electronic declaration systems significantly reduces the time required for document verification and processing, enabling faster clearance of goods and reducing the risk of errors related to human factors.
One of the key aspects of ensuring cybersecurity in the customs-administrative sphere is the implementation of modern data protection systems. This includes the use of reliable encryption, multi­level authentication systems, and regular network monitoring for potential threats. The development and implementation of incident response protocols are also important, as they allow for quick and effective neutralization of cyber threats and minimization of their impact on the operation of customs authorities.
In addition, raising the awareness of customs officials about the basic principles of cybersecurity is of great importance. Regular training and education help employees timely identify signs of possible cyber-attacks and adhere to security measures when working with information systems. An essential component is also cooperation with international organizations and the exchange of experiences with other countries that implement advanced practices in the field of cybersecurity.
The development of digital technologies not only increases risks but also opens new opportunities for optimizing customs processes. The implementation of artificial intelligence systems can assist in identifying potential risks, and the use of blockchain technologies ensures greater transparency and reliability of supply chains, helping to prevent fraud and increase trust among participants in foreign economic activity.
Evidence and proof in administrative proceedings
Authors: Kolesnikova M.
Published: September 2024

According to the Constitution of Ukraine, human rights and freedoms are a priority in state activity, and their consolidation and provision is the main task of the state. The implementation of this provision depends on the effective functioning of the state authorities, including the administrative judiciary. According to the Constitution of Ukraine, the main purpose of the functioning of administrative courts is to protect the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals in the field of public-legal relations.
For a full and comprehensive consideration of the case, the evidence, which is collected in a legal manner with compliance with their admissibility and propriety, has an important place. The norms of administrative-procedural legislation establish that any public-law dispute referred to the jurisdiction of an administrative court requires a sufficient and comprehensive investigation of the evidence, that is, the establishment of factual information that is important for the resolution of the case. The legislation establishes that any data on the basis of which the court makes a decision, i.e. resolves a dispute, is recognized as evidence in administrative proceedings.
The court establishes the presence or absence of circumstances (facts) that justify the claims and objections of the participants in the case, and other circumstances that are important for the correct resolution of the case. Therefore, the evidence makes it possible to completely or partially reproduce the circumstances of the dispute during the trial. In turn, the content and volume of evidence, types and amount of evidence during the consideration and resolution of an administrative case depends on the subject of evidence. In administrative proceedings, evidence and the process of proof have specific features, namely: official clarification of all circumstances in the case, presumption of “guilt” of the subject of authority.
Evidence is a sequential process that has clearly defined stages that must be carried out in a certain order in compliance with the rules and regulations established by law. The study of the issue of evidence and proof is important in the administrative process, because the correct definition of the concept of evidence, understanding of what belongs to evidence, distinguishing the means of proof - will contribute to a comprehensive consideration of the case and rendering of a legal decision.
Special principles of administrative procedures
Authors: Petelka O.I.
Published: September 2024

The article examines special principles of administrative procedure. On the basis of a comprehensive system analysis of the official legislation and regulations of the member states of the European Union (Federal Republic of Germany, Estonia, Switzerland), an analysis of the changes in special principles of administration new procedures and prescribed in official administrative legislation. It is noted that in the administrative-legal science the concepts of the principles of administrative-procedural law have not been formally formed. This is the reason for the emergence of a debate about its shift and replacement, the role of the subordinate sub­division of administrative law. Therefore, there is a pressing need to investigate the concept that is basic to Galatian science of administrative law. The approaches to the classification of special principles of the administrative procedure are reviewed and the classification is based on power. The state’s activity is directed towards the process of European integration. This raised the obvious need to bring the legal system up to European standards. This transfers the reform of the law of administrative and administrative-procedural law. It has become more important to reconsider the principles of interaction between public administration and individuals and legal entities, which is reflected in administrative and procedural activities. The following principles are enshrined in the Law of Ukraine “On Administrative Procedure”: the rule of law, legality, fairness of participants in the administrative procedure before the law, publicity, efficiency, immediacy and lack of priority found the effectiveness of the management activities of public authorities and local authorities and gave the ability to citizens to exercise their rights and freedoms . At the same time, the presence of special principles of the administrative procedure does not contribute to the effectiveness of the government’s government, the security of rights and freedoms. Regardless of any different approaches to classification, it is wise to divide these principles into two groups: organizational and functional (axiological) principles.
Concept of information, its types, meaning and features of preservation
Authors: Khimko J.P.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the study of the concept of “information”, its types and role in today’s conditions, also analyzes the main processes and views of scientists regarding the study of this concept, and also offers the author’s own definition of this concept.
One of the basic human rights is the right to information, which is guaranteed by Article 34 of the Constitution of Ukraine: everyone is guaranteed the right to freedom of thought and speech, to freely express their views and beliefs; everyone has the right to freely collect, store, use and disseminate information orally, in writing or in any other way - of his choice. It should be emphasized that the provisions of this article may be limited by law in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public order in order to prevent riots or crimes, to protect public health, to protect the reputation or rights of other people, to prevent the disclosure of information received confidentially, or to maintain the authority and impartiality of justice. This provision is provided for in other legislative acts of the state, for example, in the Laws of Ukraine “On Information”, “On Access to Public Information” and many others.
Despite these provisions, some scientists point out that the right to access information is also a natural right of every person and this is natural, since everyone has the right to know information that concerns him personally, for example, about the state of health, and also has the right to know information about the state of the environment, etc.
Therefore, today information plays an important role in the life of society, its functions, purposes, etc. distinguish it from other possibilities of humanity. The society that currently exists can be safely called an information society, because in order to realize its information needs, it increasingly enters into information relations, accordingly, the information sphere becomes one of the main spheres of existence of such a society. In connection with the rapid development of the informatization of humanity and means of communication, the question of obtaining, using, storing and protecting information arises in it.