bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keeping Up Appearances
Authors: Moretti Sebastien
Published: June 2018

The fact that most Southeast Asian States are not party to the main instruments pertaining to the protection of refugees has given rise to the ‘rejection of international refugee law’ theory, which has largely dominated the literature on the issues pertaining to refugees in Southeast Asia. Based on an analysis of the practices of Southeast Asian States with regard to refugees, this article argues that although they are not party to the 1951 Convention, the main countries of asylum in the region, i.e. Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, de facto treat differently the people they acknowledge to be in need of some sort of protection: that is, refugees. Unlike other irregular migrants, refugees are protected against non-refoulement and, to a certain extent, are also protected from detention for irregular entry into the territory of another State. In doing so, Southeast Asian States maintain a ‘fiction’ according to which they preserve sovereignty over the borders of their countries while in reality largely accepting the limitations posed by international refugee law.
The ‘Taboas geraes’ of João Teixeira Albernaz I as a Mediated Textual Object
Authors: McCarl Clayton
Published: June 2018

This article examines the ‘Taboas geraes da toda a navegacão’ (1630), a manuscript atlas by Portuguese cartographer João Teixeira Albernaz I (fl.1602-1649), as a textual artifact permanently altered and resignified by the additions and alterations that Spanish mariner and author Francisco de Seyxas y Lovera (c.1646-c.1705) carried out in the late seventeenth century. I examine the biographical circumstances in which Seyxas possessed the atlas and analyze his modifications of the ‘Taboas geraes’ as authorial acts with political, autobiographical and literary dimensions. I seek, as well, to identify problems that the ‘Taboas geraes’ presents for how we understand matters of authorship and textual nature surrounding this object – as well as other one-of-a-kind, mediated artefacts – examining whether existing scholarship provides an adequate framework through which to approach this situation.
Consensus, Convergence, Restraint, and Religion
Authors: Billingham Paul
Published: June 2018

This essay critically assesses the central claim of Kevin Vallier’s Liberal Politics and Public Faith: that public religious faith and public reason liberalism can be reconciled, because the values underlying public reason liberalism should lead us to endorse the ‘convergence view,’ rather than the mainstream consensus view. The convergence view is friendlier to religious faith, because it jettisons the consensus view’s much-criticised ‘duty of restraint’. I present several challenges to Vallier’s claim. First, if Vallier is right to reject the duty of restraint then consensus theorists can also do so, and on the same grounds. Second, the independent force of the objections to the duty of restraint is unclear. Third, Vallier has not successfully identified desiderata that unite all public reason liberals and favour convergence over consensus. Finally, even if convergence is in some ways friendlier to religious faith, this does not show that it will be attractive to religious citizens.
Intertheoretic Value Comparison: A Modest Proposal
Authors: Tarsney Christian
Published: June 2018

In the growing literature on decision-making under moral uncertainty, a number of skeptics have argued that there is an insuperable barrier to rational “hedging” for the risk of moral error, namely the apparent incomparability of moral reasons given by rival theories like Kantianism and utilitarianism. Various general theories of intertheoretic value comparison have been proposed to counter this objection, but each suffers from apparently fatal flaws. In this paper, I propose a more modest approach that aims to identify classes of moral theories that share common principles strong enough to establish bases for intertheoretic comparison. I show that, contra the claims of skeptics, there are often rationally perspicuous grounds for precise, quantitative value comparisons within such classes. In light of this fact, I argue, the existence of some apparent incomparabilities between widely divergent moral theories cannot serve as a general argument against hedging for one’s moral uncertainties.
A Twelver-Shīʿī Multi-Text Volume (16th through 18th century) Held in the New York Public Library (Ms New York Public Library, Arabic Manuscripts Collection, Manuscripts and Archives Division, Volume 51985A)
Authors: Schmidtke Sabine
Published: June 2018

Ms New York Public Library, Arabic Manuscripts Collection, Manuscripts and Archives Division, Volume 51985A is a heavily damaged multitext volume which comprises seven individual works: An incomplete copy of Khiḍr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Rāzī al-Ḥablirūdī’s (d. ca. 850/1447) longer commentary on the ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī’sal-Bāb al-ḥadī ʿashar, Jāmiʿ al-durar fī sharḥ al-Bāb al-ḥādī ʿashar; several works by Ibn Abī Jumhūr al-Aḥsāʾī (d. after 906/1501), viz.Qabs al-iqtidāʾ fī sharāʾiṭ al-iftāʾ wa-l-istiftāʾ, Kāshifat al-ḥāl ʿan aḥwāl al-istidlāl, andal-Masālik al-jāmiʿiyya fī sharḥ al-Alfiyya, which were copied during the author’s lifetime; Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-ʿĀmilī’s (“al-Shaykh al-Bahāʾī”, d. 1030/1621)Tafsīr sūrat al-fātiḥa, oral-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā; and two works by Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-Iṣfahānī “al-Fāḍil al-Hindī” (d. 1137/1725) which are not attested elsewhere—a commentary (ḥāshiya) on the chapter on the imamate of Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī’s (d. 792/1390)Sharḥ al-Maqāṣid, and a commentary on theNahj al-ḥaqq wa-kashf al-ṣidqby the ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī.
New data on Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah State, Borneo Island, Malaysia
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y. , YUSOFF FATIMAH M.
Published: June 2018

Unlike those in the mainland of Southeast Asia, the Cladocera of the Malay Archipelago has not been intensively studied, except for the state of Sabah in the north-eastern part of the Borneo island. This study aimed to complete the inventory of the Cladocera in Sabah by looking at different types of water bodies including oxbow lakes, small lakes, reservoirs, ponds, ditches and paddy fields. From 32 sites examined, 35 species of cladocerans, nine of which were new records to Sabah, were found from 25 localities. With this new finding, the total number of cladoceran species in Sabah increased to 39 species, including five species of Sididae, four species of Daphniidae, one species of Moinidae, five species of Macrothricidae, two species of Ilyocryptidae, and 22 species of Chydoridae. Only 8 % ( three species) of Sabah cladocerans are true planktonic. This study illustrated that most cladocerans were associated with substrates in the littoral zone and thus appropriate sampling methods should be employed in different microhabitats for comprehensive biodiversity assessment.
Petrous Apex Pneumatization: Influence on Postoperative Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula
Authors: Shew Matthew , Muelleman Thomas , Harris Michael , Li Michael , Sykes Kevin , Staecker Hinrich , Adunka Oliver Fr , Lin James
Published: June 2018

Objective:

Multiple investigators have sought to identify risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor resection. We evaluated whether pneumatization of the petrous apex (PA) is a risk factor for CSF fistula.

Method:

We conducted a retrospective chart review at 2 major tertiary academic institutions undergoing CPA tumor resection and analyzed their respective head or temporal computed tomography (CT) scans if available.

Results:

A total of 91 cases were identified; 51 (64%) demonstrated PA pneumatization, and a total of 17 CSF leaks were identified. We discovered higher rates of CSF leak (25.0% vs 13.7%; P = .273) and CSF rhinorrhea (15.0% vs 5.9%; P = .174) in patients with PA pneumatization compared to those without PA pneumatization.

Conclusions:

Isolated PA pneumatization may be a risk factor and communication pathway for CSF fistula. Further studies will need to be broadened across multiple institutions to draw any additional and stronger conclusions.
Parental Confirmation and Emerging Adult Children’s Body Image: Self-Concept and Social Competence as Mediators
Authors: Taniguchi Emiko , Dailey René M.
Published: June 2018

Through a lens of confirmation theory, this study examined how parental confirmation acceptance and challenge was related to emerging adults’ body image, and how these associations were mediated by social competence and self-concept. This study also examined whether the hypothesized links differed by parental and child sex. Male and female college students ( N = 447) completed an online questionnaire. A multiple-group analysis generally supported the proposed mediation model, providing a somewhat complex picture of associations among key concepts in terms of which component of confirmation was associated with certain components of body image and through which mediator varied as a function of parental sex. Unlike parental sex, child sex played a minimal role in the current study. This research underscores the utility of employing a confirmation perspective in understanding the mechanisms of how family interactions are related to body image.
The Limits of Online Consensus Effects: A Social Affirmation Theory of How Aggregate Online Rating Scores Influence Trust in Factual Corrections
Authors: Neo Rachel L.
Published: June 2018

Research on bandwagon effects suggests that people will yield to aggregate online rating scores even when forming evaluations of contentious content. However, such findings derive mainly from studying partisan news selection behaviors, and therefore, are incomplete. How do people use ratings to evaluate whether factual corrections on contentious issues are trustworthy? Through what I term the social affirmation heuristic, I hypothesize, people will first assess rating scores for compatibility with their own beliefs; and then they will invest trust only in ratings of factual messages that affirm their beliefs, while distrusting ratings that disaffirm them. I further predict that distrusted ratings will elicit boomerang effects, causing evaluations of message trustworthiness to conflict with rating scores. I use an online experiment ( n = 157) and a nationally representative survey experiment ( N = 500) to test these ideas. All hypotheses received clear support. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Bayesian DINA Modeling Incorporating Within-Item Characteristic Dependency
Authors: Zhan Peida , Jiao Hong , Liao Manqian , Bian Yufang
Published: June 2018

The within-item characteristic dependency (WICD) means that dependencies exist among different types of item characteristics/parameters within an item. The potential WICD has been ignored by current modeling approaches and estimation algorithms for the deterministic inputs noisy “and” gate (DINA) model. To explicitly model WICD, this study proposed a modified Bayesian DINA modeling approach where a bivariate normal distribution was employed as a joint prior distribution for correlated item parameters. Simulation results indicated that the model parameters were well recovered and that explicitly modeling WICD improved model parameter estimation accuracy, precision, and efficiency. In addition, when potential item blocks existed, the proposed modeling approach still demonstrated good performance and high robustness. Furthermore, the fraction subtraction data were analyzed to illustrate the application and advantage of the proposed modeling approach.
Undocumented and Unwell: Legal Status and Health among Mexican Migrants
Authors: Cheong Amanda R. , Massey Douglas S.
Published: June 2018

Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, we evaluate the effects of documented and undocumented migration on the health of Mexican adults. Results suggest that documented and undocumented migrants are positively selected with respect to health in migrating to the United States and health status does not strongly predict selection into return migration back to Mexico. Among returned migrants, health deteriorates as the number of trips to the United States increases, with undocumented migrants experiencing an extra health penalty. While there is no continued decline on return to Mexico for undocumented migrants, they fare worse than returned documented migrants.
Time and the Study of World Politics
Authors: Hutchings Kimberly
Published: June 2018

The articles in this volume, and the many contributions to the Millennium Conference, ‘The Politics of Time in International Relations’ from which these articles were drawn, speak to the ongoing interest in issues of time and temporality in International Relations (IR) and associated disciplines. They also speak to the very broad range of ways in which time and temporality are seen to operate in international politics and the ways in which it (international politics) is studied and judged. I was deeply interested in and stimulated by my participation in the conference, and what follows is an attempt to situate my own specific concerns on issues of time and temporality, when I wrote Time and World Politics and subsequently, in the broader context of the developing literature on time and temporality in IR. Like most of the contributors to this volume, I see the attention paid to issues of time/temporality in IR as productive for research in the field. However, in agreement with at least two of the contributors, I am also aware that like any other production of academic knowledge, including supposedly ‘critical’ academic knowledge, there are always dangers and limitations inherent in that knowledge and its discursive and practical effects.
Investigating and Modeling the Illegal U-Turn Violations at Medians of Limited Access Facilities
Authors: Al-Sahili Omar , Al-Deek Haitham , Sandt Adrian , Mantzaris Alexander V. , Rogers John H. , Faruk Md Omar
Published: June 2018

Illegal U-turns on freeways and toll roads are risky maneuvers that sometimes result in the turning vehicles causing various types of collisions or disturbances to approaching traffic. These illegal U-turn maneuvers can occur at traversable grass medians and emergency crossovers. Limited literature was found regarding the impact of illegal U-turns on these facilities. Therefore, to understand the roadway and median characteristics that could influence drivers’ propensity to commit illegal U-turns, a sequential modeling methodology was adopted. This methodology combined a Poisson regression model with a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression procedure to predict the cited violations at traversable median segments. Additionally, a logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of a cited violation at official use only emergency crossovers. These models included illegal U-turn citations and crashes for the Orlando and Miami metropolitan areas in Florida from 2011 to 2016. The findings indicated that the average distance between access points, median width, speed limit, segment length, and distance to nearest segment were significant in predicting cited violations at traversable medians. Furthermore, the distance to the nearest interchange, distance to the nearest adjacent crossover, and median width were significant in predicting the probability of a cited violation occurring at an emergency crossover. This study helps agencies to predict the locations of illegal U-turn violations and to prioritize roadways for possible treatment to minimize the potential risk of head-on or other collisions due to illegal U-turn events.
Characteristics of Bus Transit Vehicles in the United States: A 30-Year National Trend Analysis
Authors: Tang Li , Gan Albert , Cevallos Fabian , Alluri Priyanka
Published: June 2018

In 2015, transit agencies in the United States spent over 60% of their bus transit capital funds on their revenue vehicles. Using 30 years of data from the National Transit Database (NTD), this paper examines the national trends of seven major characteristics associated specifically with bus revenue vehicles. These trends can provide important information on where the market might be heading and aid in planning decisions on transit investments. The characteristics examined include the number of vehicles, spare ratio, average age, average capacity, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility, vehicle reliability, and vehicle operations and maintenance expenses. Some findings from the trend data include: (1) a steady increase in the privatization of bus services; (2) the average spare ratios have consistently exceeded the maximum of 20%, as suggested by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) for systems operating with more than 50 vehicles; (3) vehicles operated by contractors tended to be significantly newer than those operated directly by transit agencies, although the gap has narrowed in recent years; (4) vehicles operated directly by transit agencies tended to have higher seating and standing capacities than those operated by contractors; (5) there was a tendency among transit agencies to trade seats for more standing room; (6) by 2015, nearly all bus vehicles were ADA-compliant, and increasingly vehicles with lifts were converted to vehicles with ramps/low-floor; (7) reliability of vehicles considering the number of mechanical failures per million revenue vehicle miles has significantly improved over the years; and (8) contractors spent significantly less on average than transit agencies in operating and maintaining their vehicles.
Mind-Body Practices and the Self: Yoga and Meditation Do Not Quiet the Ego but Instead Boost Self-Enhancement
Authors: Gebauer Jochen E. , Nehrlich Andreas D. , Stahlberg Dagmar , Sedikides Constantine , Hackenschmidt Anke , Schick Doreen , Stegmaier Clara A. , Windfelder Cara C. , Bruk Anna , Mander Johannes
Published: June 2018

Mind-body practices enjoy immense public and scientific interest. Yoga and meditation are highly popular. Purportedly, they foster well-being by curtailing self-enhancement bias. However, this “ego-quieting” effect contradicts an apparent psychological universal, the self-centrality principle. According to this principle, practicing any skill renders that skill self-central, and self-centrality breeds self-enhancement bias. We examined those opposing predictions in the first tests of mind-body practices’ self-enhancement effects. In Experiment 1, we followed 93 yoga students over 15 weeks, assessing self-centrality and self-enhancement bias after yoga practice (yoga condition, n = 246) and without practice (control condition, n = 231). In Experiment 2, we followed 162 meditators over 4 weeks (meditation condition: n = 246; control condition: n = 245). Self-enhancement bias was higher in the yoga (Experiment 1) and meditation (Experiment 2) conditions, and those effects were mediated by greater self-centrality. Additionally, greater self-enhancement bias mediated mind-body practices’ well-being benefits. Evidently, neither yoga nor meditation fully quiet the ego; to the contrary, they boost self-enhancement.
“Improvement focused” evaluation of place-based initiatives: An approach to examining three methodologies
Authors: Heery Lauren , Naccarella Lucio , McKenzie Rosemary
Published: June 2018

Place-based initiatives offer a comprehensive, whole-of-community approach to solving complex problems. Impact evaluation of complex initiatives is challenging and alternative “improvement focused” methodologies, such as developmental evaluation, action research, and quality improvement, are being used. Limited understanding exists about how these methodologies work when used in place-based initiatives, which contexts they are individually best suited to, and what they can achieve. This article outlines an approach to examining the application of developmental evaluation, action research, and quality improvement to the evaluation of place-based initiatives. The approach used a realist evaluation methodology and involved a literature review and three “instrumental” case studies. The approach described in this article can support others to design and undertake their own research to inform decision making around the most suitable methodologies in the emerging field of place-based initiative evaluation.
Building workforce capacity in Australia and New Zealand: a profile of psychiatrists with an interest in intellectual and developmental disability mental health
Authors: Cvejic Rachael C , Eagleson Claire , Weise Janelle , Davies Kimberley , Hopwood Malcolm , Jenkins Kym , Trollor Julian N
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To describe the characteristics of psychiatrists working in the area of intellectual and developmental disability mental health (IDDMH) across Australia and New Zealand.

Methods:

A secondary analysis of data collected by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2014 workforce survey. Characteristics of the IDDMH workforce ( n=146 psychiatrists) were compared with those of the broader psychiatry workforce ( n=1050 psychiatrists).

Results:

The IDDMH workforce were more likely than the broader psychiatry workforce to be working across both the public and private health sectors, be engaged in outreach work, endorse specialty practice areas pertinent to IDDMH, treat younger patients and work more clinical hours per week. Part-time status and retirement plans of the IDDMH workforce matched those of the broader psychiatry workforce.

Conclusions:

While some elements of the IDDMH workforce profile suggest this workforce is tailored to the needs of the population, the potential shortage of IDDMH psychiatrists highlights the need for the development of a specific training programme and pathway in this area.
A Dissection of Experiential Learning Theory: Alternative Approaches to Reflection
Authors: Kuk Hye-Su , Holst John D.
Published: June 2018

The concept of reflection is central to theories of experiential learning common in the field of adult education. In this article, we expand upon the work of Michelson on the dualistic split between experience and knowing inherent in the field’s most common conceptualizations of reflection. We develop alternative approaches to reflection drawing from feminist standpoint theory and theories of embodied knowing. We identify and discuss how each alternative approach points to different positioning of the concept of reflection in experiential learning. We highlight how the alternative positioning of reflection in experiential learning relates to adult education practice through narrative building and the recognition of prior learning. We also identify what we believe are implications of our reconceptualization of reflection for theories of adult learning.
Active vibration control of piezoelectric smart beams with radial basis function generated finite difference collocation method
Authors: Chuaqui Tomás RC , Roque Carla MC , Ribeiro Pedro
Published: June 2018

A local collocation method based on finite difference generated radial basis functions considering supplementary polynomials is used to solve the governing equations of cantilever piezoelectric smart beams. The natural modes of vibration of a bimorph and a three-layered smart beam with an interior aluminium core are analysed for both open-circuit and closed-circuit electrical boundary conditions. Very accurate results are obtained at a low computational cost. Subsequently, a constant gain velocity feedback active vibration control system is implemented, and the time and frequency response functions of both beams subjected to initial impulse and displacement conditions are investigated. Different values of the applied gain and varying thickness of the piezoelectric layers are analysed. The governing equations are established using equivalent-single-layer first-order-shear-deformation theory with through-the-thickness quadratic layerwise electric potential for improved accuracy.
Numerical simulation of the behavior of steel T-stubs connected by Fe-based shape memory alloy bolts
Authors: Cissé Cheikh , Zaki Wael , Ben Zineb Tarak
Published: June 2018

The article focuses on the numerical simulation of the thermomechanical behavior of steel T-stubs connected by iron-based shape memory alloys bolts. The three-dimensional macroscopic model used in this work was previously developed by the authors considering different thermomechanical properties between austenite and martensite, and coupling between phase transformation and plasticity. The model is implemented in a UMAT code using an implicit time-discrete integration scheme that follows a “multisurface plasticity”-like approach. The numerical results show that the shape memory effect can be used to preload the bolt if the initial length of its shank is less than the total thickness of the flanges. For an initial shank length of 21.38 mm and a total flange thickness of 21.4 mm, the shape memory effect produced average contact forces of 101 N between the bolt head and the flange, and 37 N between the two flanges. The resulting average contact pressures were 210 and 25 MPa, respectively. The average bolt force after preload was approximately 22.6 kN. Subsequent application of 2 mm normal displacements at the top and bottom faces of the upper and lower webs induced local plastic deformation around the flange holes and phase transformation in the bolt. The reversibility of martensitic transformation and the confinement of the plastic deformation in a limited zone around the holes allowed nearly complete shape recovery by heating. The obtained results highlight the advantage of using low-cost iron-based shape memory alloys as alternatives to steel bolts for connecting T-stubs.
Numerical study of combustion characteristics and emissions of a diesel–methane dual-fuel engine for a wide range of injection timings
Authors: Dai Xingyi (Hunter) , Singh Satbir , Krishnan Sundar R , Srinivasan Kalyan K
Published: June 2018

Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel/natural gas dual-fuel engine. The computational fluid dynamics model is validated against experimental measurements of cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and exhaust emissions from a single-cylinder research engine. The model predictions of in-cylinder diesel spray distribution and location of diesel ignition sites are related to the behavior observed in measured and predicted heat release rate and emissions. Various distributions of diesel fuel inside the combustion chamber are obtained by modifying the diesel injection timing and the spray included angle. Model predictions suggest that the distribution of diesel fuel in the combustion chamber has a significant impact on the characteristics of heat release rate, explaining experimental observations. Regimes of combustion in the dual-fuel engine are identified. Turbulent flame speed calculations, premixed turbulent combustion regime diagram analysis, and high-temperature front propagation speed estimation indicated that the dual-fuel combustion in this engine was supported by successive local auto-ignition and not by turbulent flame propagation.
A five-year retrospective study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a north-east Italian urban area
Authors: Danielis Matteo , Chittaro Martina , De Monte Amato , Trillò Giulio , Durì Davide
Published: June 2018

Background:

The reporting and analysing of data of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests encourages the quality improvement of the emergency medical services. For this reason, the establishment of a sufficiently large patient database is intended to allow analysis of resuscitation treatments for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and performances of different emergency medical services.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to describe the demographics, characteristics, outcomes and determinant factors of survival for patients who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods:

this was a retrospective study including all out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases treated by the emergency medical service in the district of Udine (Italy) from 1 January 2010–31 December 2014.

Results:

A total of 1105 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients were attended by the emergency medical service. Of these, 489 (44.2%) underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 142 patients (29%). There was a male predominance overall, and the main age was 72.6 years (standard deviation 17.9). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation before emergency medical service arrival was performed on 62 cases (44%) in the return of spontaneous circulation group, and on 115 cases (33%) in the no return of spontaneous circulation group ( p<0.024). Among the 142 cases of return of spontaneous circulation, 29 (5.9%) survived to hospital discharge. There was a smaller likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation when patients were female (odds ratio 0.61, 0.40–0.93). Patients who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with an initial shockable rhythm (odds ratio 6.33, 3.86–10.39) or an age <60 years (odds ratio 2.91, 1.86–4.57) had a greater likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation. In addition, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (odds ratio 1.56, 1.04–2.33) was associated with an increased chance of return of spontaneous circulation.

Conclusion:

The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rate lies within the known range. A wider database is necessary to achieve a better knowledge of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and to drive future investments in the healthcare system.
Best practice in the diagnosis and treatment of varicocele in children and adolescents
Authors: Macey Matthew R. , Owen Ryan C. , Ross Sherry S. , Coward R. Matthew
Published: June 2018

A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins in the scrotum which begins at puberty in approximately 15% of males. Although common in the general population and often asymptomatic, varicoceles are associated with gonadal dysfunction including testicular atrophy, infertility, and hypogonadism in a subset of men diagnosed later in life. Because of the high prevalence and uncertain pathogenesis, definitive management guidelines for varicoceles diagnosed in the pediatric and adolescent population remain poorly defined. The varicocele is the most common etiology of male factor infertility, and treatment in the pediatric and adolescent population may improve semen quality and improve fecundity in adulthood. Evaluation of the pediatric and adolescent varicocele should include history, physical exam, and measurement of testicular volume with orchidometer or ultrasound. Testicular volume differentials and peak retrograde flow on Doppler ultrasonography are important factors in risk stratification of the pediatric varicocele population. Semen analysis and reproductive endocrine assessment should also be considered as part of the workup for adolescent patients. A variety of treatment approaches exist for varicocele, and while the microsurgical subinguinal approach is the gold standard for the adult population, it has yet to be confirmed as superior for the adolescent population. Referral to an andrologist for the adolescent patient with varicocele should be considered in equivocal cases. While active treatment of varicocele in the pediatric and adolescent population is controversial, it is clear that some untreated patients will suffer symptoms later in life, while overtreatment remains a concern for this large, vulnerable population. Therefore, surveillance strategies and improved accuracy in diagnosis of clinically important pediatric varicoceles prompting treatment are needed in the future.
Parametric Catastrophe Bonds for Tsunamis: CAT-in-a-Box Trigger and Intensity-Based Index Trigger Methods
Authors: Goda Katsuichiro , Franco Guillermo , Song Jie , Radu Alin
Published: June 2018

This study presents a calibration of CAT-in-a-Box and intensity-based index trigger mechanisms for parametric tsunami catastrophe bonds. Trigger conditions for the former are based on fundamental event characteristics, such as earthquake location and magnitude, whereas those for the latter utilize tsunami wave height measurements at a series of observation stations. These solutions are illustrated for a building portfolio in Iwanuma City in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, by considering a new seafloor observation network S-net off the Tohoku-Hokkaido coast of Japan. Performances of the two types of parametric solutions are quantitatively evaluated and compared with each other to discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
Influence of Accelerometer Calibration Approach on Moderate–Vigorous Physical Activity Estimates for Adults
Authors: MATTHEWS CHARLES E. , KEADLE SARAH KOZEY , BERRIGAN DAVID , STAUDENMAYER JOHN , F. SAINT-MAURICE PEDRO , TROIANO RICHARD P. , FREEDSON PATTY S.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

To compare estimates of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration derived from accelerometers calibrated only to walking and running activities to estimates from calibrations based on a broader range of lifestyle and ambulatory activities.

Methods

In a study of 932 older (50–74 yr) adults we compared MVPA estimates from accelerometer counts based on three ambulatory calibration methods (Freedson 1952 counts per minute; Sasaki 2690 counts per minute; activPAL 3+ METs) to estimates based on calibrations from lifestyle and ambulatory activities combined (Matthews 760 counts per minute; Crouter 3+ METs; Sojourn3x 3+ METs). We also examined data from up to 6 previous-day recalls describing the MVPA in this population.

Results

The MVPA duration values derived from ambulatory calibration methods were significantly lower than methods designed to capture a broader range of both lifestyle and ambulatory activities (P < 0.05). The MVPA (h·d−1) estimates in all participants were: Freedson (median, 0.35; interquartile range, 0.17–0.58); Sasaki (median, 0.91; interquartile range, 0.59–1.32); and activPAL (median, 0.97; interquartile range, 0.71–1.26) compared with Matthews (median, 1.82; interquartile range, 1.37–2.34); Crouter (2.28 [1.72–2.82]); and Sojourn3x (median, 1.85; interquartile range, 1.42–2.34). Recall-based estimates in all participants were comparable (median, 1.61; interquartile range, 0.89–2.57) and indicated participation in a broad range of lifestyle and ambulatory MVPA.

Conclusions

Accelerometer calibration studies that employ only ambulatory activities may produce MVPA duration estimates that are substantially lower than methods calibrated to a broader range of activities. These findings highlight the potential to reduce potentially large differences among device-based measures of MVPA due to variation in calibration study design by including a variety of lifestyle and ambulatory activities.
O habeas corpus 126.292 e a natureza da prisão decorrente de acórdão condenatório de 2º grau | The habeas corpus 126,292 and the nature of the imprisonment resulting from a 2nd conviction decision
Authors: De Moraes Oliveira Tássia Louise
Published: June 2018

Em fevereiro de 2016, o Plenário do Supremo Tribunal Federal, por maioria de votos, alterando o entendimento anterior, entendeu que a possibilidade de início da execução da pena condenatória após a confirmação da sentença em segunda instância não ofende o princípio constitucional de presunção de inocência, sob a justificativa de que a manutenção da sentença condenatória em segundo grau encerra a análise de fatos e provas que assentaram a culpa do condenado, o que autoriza o início da execução da pena. Diante deste contexto, uma questão, aparentemente, passou despercebida pela Corte, qual seja, qual seria a natureza da prisão decorrente da confirmação da pena em grau de apelação? Seria ela provisória cautelar (prisão preventiva) ou definitiva (prisão-pena)? Ou teria o Supremo Tribunal Federal, usurpando-se da função legislativa sob a máscara da mutação constitucional, criado uma terceira espécie de prisão no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro? Outrossim, na análise do presente trabalho, sustenta-se que a decisão paradigmática do Habeas Corpus 126.292 originou, indevidamente e de forma não proposital, um novo tipo de prisão no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: a prisão não cautelar decorrente da confirmação da condenação em grau recursal.
UMA NECESSÁRIA REFORMULAÇÃO DA TEORIA DO PODER CONSTITUINTE ORIGINÁRIO
Authors: Ommati José Emílio Medauar
Published: June 2018

O presente ensaio busca lançar reflexões sobre a necessidade de uma reformulação da teoria do poder constituinte originário no Brasil. Para tanto, será feita uma revisão literária sobre os principais autores que abordaram o tema a partir do constitucionalismo francês e americano. Em seguida, será analisada as insuficiências da abordagem do tema pelos autores brasileiros e apresentados os argumentos que embasem a referida reformulação.
“O que é lugar de fala?” e por que ele importa para o Direito?
Authors: Corbo Wallace De Almeida
Published: June 2018

Resenha sobre o livro "RIBEIRO, Djamila. O que é lugar de fala? Belo Horizonte: Letramento: Justificando, 2017".
Risk-stratified screening for chronic liver disease using vibration-controlled transient elastography (Fibroscan)
Authors: Chivinge Aquiline , Harris Rebecca , Guha Neil , Aithal Guruprasad , James Martin , Ryder Stephen , Wilkes Emilie , Holmes Mary
Published: June 2018

Chronic liver disease is a prevalent and growing cause of death in the UK. Liver disease is often related to lifestyle-associated risk factors, and it is typically characterised by progressive fibrosis, which is often asymptomatic until the advanced stages of cirrhosis. Half of cases are diagnosed on emergency admission for decompensation. Effective public screening is necessary, and it is possible with risk stratification and the right diagnostic modalities. Liver biopsy is excessively invasive and biochemical liver function tests (LFTs) often miss serious asymptomatic liver disease. However, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is a non-invasive, low-cost and accurate technology for assessing liver fibrosis through liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). The hepatology team at Nottingham University Hospital developed a community pathway that allows GPs to identify at-risk patients and refer them for VCTE. This pathway is now an established nurse-led service.
All about … home education
Authors: Russell Meredith Jones
Published: June 2018

The number of children being home educated is rising, and the Government wants to give councils more power to monitor them. Meredith Jones Russell reports
Time for bed
Authors: Russell Meredith Jones
Published: June 2018

With a recent study linking obesity to insufficient sleep, Meredith Jones Russell asks how practitioners and parents can ensure that children get enough rest day and night
Big leaps
Authors: Faux Karen
Published: June 2018

An outdoor expansion has given one setting's children freedom to experiment. By Karen Faux
PHOSPHO1 is essential for normal bone fracture healing
Authors: Morcos M. W. , Al-Jallad H. , Li J. , Farquharson C. , Millán J. L. , Hamdy R. C. , Murshed M.
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Bone fracture healing is regulated by a series of complex physicochemical and biochemical processes. One of these processes is bone mineralization, which is vital for normal bone development. Phosphatase, orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), a skeletal tissue-specific phosphatase, has been shown to be involved in the mineralization of the extracellular matrix and to maintain the structural integrity of bone. In this study, we examined how PHOSPHO1 deficiency might affect the healing and quality of fracture callus in mice.

Methods

Tibial fractures were created and then stabilized in control wild-type (WT) and Phospho1-/-mice (n = 16 for each group; mixed gender, each group carrying equal number of male and female mice) at eight weeks of age. Fractures were allowed to heal for four weeks and then the mice were euthanized and their tibias analyzed using radiographs, micro-CT (μCT), histology, histomorphometry and three-point bending tests.

Results

The μCT and radiographic analyses revealed a mild reduction of bone volume in Phospho1-/-callus, although it was not statistically significant. An increase in trabecular number and a decrease in trabecular thickness and separation were observed in Phospho1-/-callus in comparison with the WT callus. Histomorphometric analyses showed that there was a marked increase of osteoid volume over bone volume in the Phospho1-/-callus. The three-point bending test showed that Phospho1-/-fractured bone had more of an elastic characteristic than the WT bone.

Conclusion

Our work suggests that PHOSPHO1 plays an integral role during bone fracture repair and may be a therapeutic target to improve the fracture healing process. Cite this article: M. W. Morcos, H. Al-Jallad, J. Li, C. Farquharson, J. L. Millán, R. C. Hamdy, M. Murshed. PHOSPHO1 is essential for normal bone fracture healing: An Animal Study. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:397–405. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2017-0140.R2.
Entre a bebida e a atividade de doméstica: Um estudo sobre a relação entre o uso de drogas e o trabalho
Authors: Lopes Fernanda Tarabal , Paes de Paula Ana Paula
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a história de Rita: ex-empregada doméstica, ex-alcoólatra. Essa atividade de trabalho foi a desempenhada por ela na maior parte de sua trajetória profissional, atividade na qual foi intensificada sua questão com o alcoolismo. Nosso intuito, com a apresentação desta história, é refletir sobre o fenômeno da toxicomania em sua relação com o trabalho, que constatamos serem dimensões diretamente interligadas. Também observamos que ambas apresentam a dialética prazer-sofrimento, que atravessa as vivências com o trabalho e com as drogas, no caso de Rita, o álcool. Além dessas constatações, destaca-se o uso do método de história de vida. Essa via nos permitiu o aprofundamento necessário para a compreensão da problemática apresentada e, por fim, para o entendimento das inúmeras possibilidades de relações que os indivíduos podem ter, não apenas com as organizações de trabalho, mas com as organizações sociais em geral (o que inclui a família e demais grupos sociais), organizações estas que o cercam, habilitando ou interditando suas transformações enquanto sujeitos.
Participação Social na Elaboração do Orçamento Público Municipal: Uma Análise do Orçamento Participativo de Porto Alegre (RS) e Belo Horizonte (MG)
Authors: Dos Anjos Daniela Araújo , Vieira Michelle Aparecida , Abrantes Luiz Antônio
Published: June 2018

Este estudo objetivou identificar e ressaltar as características que contribuem para a consolidação e êxito do orçamento participativo (OP)em Porto Alegre (RS) e Belo Horizonte (MG). Para tanto, utilizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos publicados no período de 1994 a 2015. Apesar dos entraves existentes, as experiências analisadas demonstram um avanço no contexto da participação social ao permitir uma atuação cidadã mais ativa nas decisões governamentais. Percebe-se que mais participação torna-se possível por meio da educação cívica dos cidadãos, que reconhecem sua importância enquanto atores sociais e não deixam as responsabilidades das decisões públicas apenas para os governantes. Portanto, o OP tem ajudado a promover uma mudança na conscientização dos cidadãos, que estão atuando mais ativamente e exercendo de fato a sua cidadania por meio dos processos participativos, cenário que tem contribuído para a consolidação das experiências de OP tanto em Porto Alegre quanto em Belo Horizonte.
The state of fashion studies in France: Past, present, future
Authors: Bass-Krueger Maude , Kurkdjian Sophie
Published: June 2018

This article explores the paradoxical nature of the state of fashion studies in France. Despite France’s long history of fostering innovative theoretical research in fashion studies and its rich cultural fashion heritage, the current state of French fashion studies lags in comparison to its Anglo-American and Northern European neighbours. The institutionalization of fashion studies is just beginning to happen in France. Currently, French fashion studies denotes an ‘umbrella’ term used to cover the range of scholars working in France on the social, cultural, political, economic and theoretical studies of garments and their systems of production, consumption and representations. This article discusses the current state of fashion research in France and attempts to map the landscape in terms of the main researchers, universities, programmes, departments, and public and private initiatives. The authors look at the hurdles and challenges that the discipline faces in France and discuss potential trajectories, areas for improvement and promising new projects.
New materialism: A theoretical framework for fashion in the age of technological innovation
Authors: Smelik Anneke
Published: June 2018

Working from the case study of Dutch designer Iris van Herpen, this article proposes a new-materialist framework for fashion studies. The ‘material turn’ has gained substantial recognition in social and cultural research in the past decade but has received less attention in fashion studies. At the same time, fashion hardly ever figures in scholarship on new materialism. This article connects the two fields, surveys the literature, foregrounds key concepts and points to possible directions for fashion studies. The interdisciplinary field of new materialism highlights the role of non-human factors in the field of fashion, ranging from raw materials (cotton) to smart materials (solar cells) and from the textility of the garment to the tactility of the human body. New materialists work from a dynamic notion of life in which human bodies, fibres, fabrics, garments and technologies are inextricably entangled. The context of new materialism is posthumanism, which entails both a decentring of the human subject and an understanding of things and nature as having agency. The key concept is thus material agency, involving a shift from human agency to the intelligent matter of the human body as well as the materiality of fabrics, clothes and technology. The insight of material agency is important for acknowledging the pivotal role of technology in fashion design today, allowing greater attention for the material aspects of high-performance fibres and smart fabrics. From a new-materialist perspective, Iris van Herpen’s designs can be understood as hybrid assemblages of fibres, materials, fabrics and skin that open up engaged and meaningful interconnections with the human body.
The idea of fashion: Fashion discourses in France – towards a critical historiography
Authors: Hammen Emilie
Published: June 2018

This article explores the intersection of the history of fashion in France and the history of ideas. The historiographical issues raised by this discussion shed light on established canons pertaining to the field of fashion history in France and lead to the identification of methodologies and their variable attention to visual or textual sources. Focusing first on the dominance of visuality in the writing of French fashion history, from its early authors to the mid-twentieth century, we then consider the perspectives offered by a history of the idea of fashion, voluntarily removed from a history of the objects and images of fashion. Drawing from the Foucauldian concept of discourse, we finally seek to understand how scholars and historians have forged definitions of ‘fashion discourses’ and how these have informed their own practices of the writing of history.

The last part of this article attempts to apply the theoretical tools identified previously to a specific case study. Looking at a pivotal moment in France’s cultural, social and political history, we try to grasp the epistemological evolution of the idea of fashion from the 1820s to the 1840s.