bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel necroptosis-related genes signature to predict prognosis and treatment response in bladder cancer
Authors: Yao Dongnuan , Yu Weitao , Ma Xueming , Tian Junqiang
Published: November 2024

Background

Necroptosis, a form of programmed inflammatory cell death, plays a crucial role in tumor development, necrosis, metastasis, and immune response. This study aimed to explore the role of necroptosis in BLCA and construct a new prognostic model to guide clinical treatment and predict individualized treatment response.

Methods

The transcriptome profiling and the corresponding clinical data of BLCA patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and GEO databases. Univariate, multivariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses were used to identify and construct prognostic features associated with necroptosis. We constructed and validated a prognostic model associated with the patient’s overall survival (OS). A nomogram was established to predict the survival rates of BLCA patients. Finally, the correlation between risk scores and tumor immune microenvironment, somatic mutations, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy was comprehensively analyzed.

Results

The study found two distinct NRG clusters and three gene subtypes, with significant differences in pathway enrichment and immune cell infiltration associated with different NRG clusters in the TME. In addition, we screened out six necroptosis prognosis-related genes (including PPP2R3A; CERCAM; PIK3IP1; CNTN1; CES1 and CD96) to construct a risk score prognostic model. Significant differences in overall survival rate, immune cell infiltration status, and somatic mutations existed between the high and low-risk scores in BLCA patients. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis showed that high-risk patients benefited more from immunotherapy and chemotherapy drugs.

Conclusion

This study explores the importance of necroptosis in the prognosis of patients with BLCA, and the prognostic features associated with necroptosis that we identified can serve as new biomarkers to help develop more precise treatment strategies.
Effects and mechanisms of APP and its cleavage product Aβ in the comorbidity of sarcopenia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wu Jiale , Tang Jun , Huang Di , Wang Yu , Zhou Enyuan , Ru Qin , Xu Guodong , Chen Lin , Wu Yuxiang
Published: November 2024

Sarcopenia and AD are both classic degenerative diseases, and there is growing epidemiological evidence of their comorbidity with aging; however, the mechanisms underlying the biology of their commonality have not yet been thoroughly investigated. APP is a membrane protein that is expressed in tissues and is expressed not only in the nervous system but also in the NMJ and muscle. Deposition of its proteolytic cleavage product, Aβ, has been described as a central component of AD pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that excessive accumulation and aberrant expression of APP in muscle lead to pathological muscle lesions, but the pathogenic mechanism by which APP and its proteolytic cleavage products act in skeletal muscle is less well understood. By summarizing and analyzing the literature concerning the role, pathogenicity and pathological mechanisms of APP and its cleavage products in the nervous system and muscles, we aimed to explore the intrinsic pathological mechanisms of myocerebral comorbidities and to provide new perspectives and theoretical foundations for the prevention and treatment of AD and sarcopenia comorbidities.
Relationship between oxidative balance score and post-stroke depression: insights from the NHANES 2005–2018 cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Hai-Jun , Gao Bo , Yan Li-Ming , Xue Yi-Dong , Wang Tao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) represents an integrated measure of oxidative-reductive homeostasis. Despite the established role of oxidative stress in the development of post-stroke depression (PSD), the association between OBS and PSD in the general population remains unclear. This study aims to explore this relationship using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005–2018.

Methods

The OBS was calculated using validated methods that incorporate dietary and lifestyle factors, whereas PSD status was determined using self-reported data and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate the associations of total OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS with PSD prevalence, adjusting for potential confounders. Dose–response relationships were further assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS).

Results

Among the 26,668 participants included in the analysis, 201 were diagnosed with PSD. After adjusting for confounding variables, higher total OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS were each significantly associated with reduced odds of PSD. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the highest versus lowest quartiles were 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.67) for total OBS, 0.45 (0.27–0.73) for dietary OBS, and 0.28 (0.13–0.60) for lifestyle OBS. RCS analyses indicated a linear dose–response relationship for all three OBS categories with PSD risk. In sex-stratified analyses, significant inverse associations were observed between all OBS categories and PSD in females, whereas only lifestyle OBS was significantly associated with PSD in males.

Conclusion

Higher OBS was associated with reduced odds of PSD, with a particularly pronounced effect in females. These findings suggest that adherence to an antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle may mitigate PSD risk.
Differential energetic profile of signal processing in central vestibular neurons
Authors: Kunz Lars , Straka Hans
Published: November 2024

Background

Energetic aspects of neuronal activity have become a major focus of interest given the fact that the brain among all organs dominates the oxygen consumption. At variance with the importance of neuroenergetics, the knowledge about how electrical activity and metabolism is correlated in defined neuronal populations is still rather scarce.

Results

We have estimated the ATP consumption in the two physiologically well characterized populations of frog central vestibular neurons, with tonic and phasic firing patterns, respectively. These two distinct groups of neurons jointly process head/body movements detected by semicircular canal and otolith organs in the inner ear. The ATP consumption for maintenance of the resting membrane potential (Vr) and postsynaptic action potential (AP) generation was calculated based on the wealth of previously reported morpho-physiological features of these two neuronal types. Accordingly, tonic vestibular neurons require less ATP across the physiological activity range for these major processes, than phasic vestibular neurons, despite the considerably higher firing rates of the former subtype. However, since both neuronal subtypes are indispensable for the encoding and processing of the entire head/body motion dynamics, the higher energy demand of phasic neurons represents an obvious and necessary price to pay. Although phasic and tonic neurons form the respective core elements of the frequency-tuned vestibular pathways, both cellular components are cross-linked through feedforward and feedback side loops. The prominent influence of inhibitory tonic neurons in shaping the highly transient firing pattern of phasic neurons is cost-intensive and contributes to energy consumption for electrical activity in addition to the already extensive energy costs of signal processing by the very leaky phasic vestibular neurons.

Conclusion

Despite the sparse production of action potentials by phasic vestibular neurons, the computation by this neuronal type dominates the ATP expense for processing head/body movements, which might have contributed to the late evolutionary arrival of this central neuronal element, dedicated to the encoding of highly dynamic motion profiles.
Characterizing iconic gesture during narratives in chronic traumatic brain injury recovery
Authors: Urena Katelyn , Stark Brielle C.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

It is known that co-speech hand gestures increase and supplement speech in individuals with language impairment after brain injury, e.g., post-stroke aphasia. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) provides a unique avenue to evaluate gestures as TBI often presents with both anomia (word-finding impairments) and cognitive impairments, resulting in a cognitive-communicative disorder. However, there is a great need for evaluation of gestures in TBI during typical spontaneous speech and across the recovery trajectory (from sub-acute to chronic stages). In a large population (N = 54) of persons with moderate-severe TBI, who were examined at 3 months post-TBI whilst telling a procedural narrative (“how to make a sandwich”), we examined three aims: (1) characterize the extent to which adults with moderate-severe TBI produce iconic gestures; (2) identify the extent to which language impairment relates to iconic gesturing in TBI; and (3) characterize the extent to which iconic gesturing changes across TBI recovery.

Methods

In a subpopulation (Group 1, N = 14) who were examined at three- and 24-months (sub-acute and substantially chronic), and in a smaller subpopulation (Group 2, N = 6) who had data for five timepoints (three-, six-, nine-, 12-, and 24-months), we used paired tests to examine and characterize longitudinal changes in iconic gesturing.

Results

The large group analysis suggested that individuals with TBI use iconic gesture during narrative, which take several different iconic forms (e.g., enacting use of an object), and that a minority employed gestures that supplemented (added to, disambiguated, or replaced) speech. The subpopulation analyses suggested that participants did not produce iconic gestures significantly differently across the 2-year recovery timeframe. Case examination of a participant with moderate-severe aphasia suggested a relationship between language impairment and gesture, with this individual producing the highest proportion of supplemental gesturing of the entire group. This finding aligns with research from the post-stroke aphasia field.

Discussion

Broadly, this study significantly extends prior research on the relationship between gesturing, language, and brain injury.
PKR downregulation prevents copper-induced synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a murine model of Wilson’s disease
Authors: Xu Chenchen , Liu Songyang , Cheng Nan , Han Yongsheng , Wang Xinheng
Published: November 2024

Synaptic efficacy is critical for memory formation and consolidation. Accumulating evidence suggest that synapses are impaired during Wilson’s disease (WD), contributing to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline. WD is a prototypical condition among the copper metabolism disorders. Cognitive impairment is a common feature of affected patients with neurological symptoms, presenting as memory deficits, decreased cognitive flexibility, and impaired learning capabilities. These cognitive deficits can significantly impact the quality of life, affecting work and academic performance. However, the mechanisms mediating the inhibitory synaptic dysfunction in WD are incompletely understood. We investigated the effects of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (PKR/eIF2α) pathway on synaptic structure and function in WD using a murine model, toxic milk (TX mice). During mouse open-field tests, we noted a substantial rise in the mobility/immobility ratio among WD model animals compared to that in WT mice. Additionally, WD mice exhibited diminished central area exploration, as evidenced by reduced travel distance. Moreover, they displayed prolonged escape latency in the Barnes maze, suggesting that chronic copper accumulation is associated with neuropsychiatric alterations and cognitive impairment. We also found a decrease in the expression of synapse-associated proteins (synapsin 1, synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein-93 [PSD93], postsynaptic density protein-95 [PSD95]), and vesicle-associated membrane protein2 [VAMP2]) besides abnormal neurotransmitter levels (including glutamate and GABA), indicating the presence of synaptic dysfunction in TX mice. Inhibiting PKR via C16 prevented these changes, suggesting that dysfunctional cognition is associated with the PKR/eIF2α pathway. We also observed changes in synapses, vesicles, dendritic spine density, and dendritic length that were associated with the presence of cognitive dysfunction. Further investigation revealed that C16 treatment decreased the TUNEL-positive cell numbers in the hippocampus of TX mice and prevented 8-OHdG-induced synaptic dysfunction. Results suggest that PKR downregulation prevents copper-induced synaptic dysfunction in the murine WD model. Therefore, targeting PKR pharmacologically may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating the copper-induced neuropathology of patients with WD.
The effectiveness of Tai Chi for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta−analysis
Authors: Shao Xinxin , Xi Yawei , Pan Lijie , Li Xinru , Lin Qianxin , Tian Keming , Wang Rui , Gao Yutong , Gao Hainan , Tan Zili , Zhu Xiangyu
Published: November 2024

Objective

To explore the effectiveness of Tai Chi on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

According to the PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature on the efficacy of Tai Chi on MCI patients was searched in China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, China Scientific Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Embase, Duxiu Database, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from their inception to April 2024. The risk of bias in each study was appraised using the Cochrane risk−of−bias tool using Revman 5.4. Random effect model or fixed effect model was used to compare the effects of Tai Chi and control conditions on baseline and post−intervention assessment of cognitive function. Meta−analysis was performed using Stata15.0 software.

Results

Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Tai Chi significantly improved Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA, SMD, 1.43, p < 0.00001), Delayed Recall Test (DRT, SMD, 0.90, p < 0.00001), verbal fluency test (VFT, SMD, 0.40, p < 0.00001), and Trail Making Test (TMT, SDM, −0.69, p < 0.00001) in MCI patients. Subgroup analyses showed that 24-forms Tai Chi was more effective than 8-forms Tai Chi in improving MoCA (SMD, 1.89, p < 0.00001) and 10-forms Tai Chi was more effective than 24-forms Tai Chi in improving DRT (SMD, 1.53, p < 0.00001).

Conclusion

Tai Chi improved cognitive function in MCI patients, and Tai Chi types might be the influence factor on Tai Chi improving the global cognitive function and memory function in MCI patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Overview of evidence-based research on acupuncture for stroke treatment using magnetic resonance imaging technology
Authors: Ke Chao , Shi Wenying , Zhou Zhuo , Xie Zhengrong , Sun Mengzi , Yu Juli , Shan Shengtao , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2024

Background

Stroke is a neurological condition characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to examine the mechanisms of acupuncture in stroke treatment.

Purpose

This review provides neuroimaging evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in treating stroke using MRI.

Method

We conducted a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), and Chonqing VIP (CQVIP), from inception to April 2024. Relevant neuroimaging studies on acupuncture for stroke were included, and the research findings were presented through charts and textual analyses.

Results

A total of 158 studies were included, and the overall methodological quality of the included studies was moderate to high. The results were divided into three categories: basic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and quality assessment of the included literature.

Conclusion

We elucidated the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on stroke; however, the evidence remains preliminary. There is a need for large-scale, well-designed, multimodal neuroimaging trials. This review represents the first active use of an evidence map to systematically review and illustrate the current state of neuroimaging research on the acupuncture treatment of stroke, thereby providing a valuable reference for future research.
Analysis of skin and corneal fiber electrodes for electroretinogram assessments in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Nickel Kathrin , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Beringer Malina , Endres Dominique , Runge Kimon , Maier Simon , Küchlin Sebastian , Bach Michael , Domschke Katharina , Heinrich Sven P. , Friedel Evelyn B. N.
Published: November 2024

Background

Electroretinograms (ERG) are usually recorded with non-invasive corneal electrodes, requiring direct contact with the ocular surface. However, corneal electrode application is not tolerated by some individuals. The advent of handheld ERG devices has facilitated the use of skin electrodes for ERG measurements. Skin electrodes do not require corneal contact and thus enhance patient comfort, simplify the attachment process, and reduce preparation time, which is particularly beneficial for clinical psychiatric research. Nevertheless, due to the different attachment methods, ERG amplitudes recorded with skin compared to corneal electrodes are considerably smaller. However, comparative data on ERGs recorded with skin vs. corneal electrodes in psychiatric populations are currently lacking.

Materials and methods

We recorded flash electroretinograms of 57 healthy controls (HC) and 30 patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD) using both sensor strip skin and corneal electrodes with the handheld RETeval® device.

Results

The significant reduction in both the amplitude and peak time of the a-wave in MDD when using sensor strip skin electrodes could not be replicated with corneal electrodes. Comparing both electrode types in HC revealed a fair correlation between sensor strip and corneal electrodes for a- and b-wave amplitudes and a moderate correlation for a- and b-wave peak times.

Conclusion

In addition to being better tolerated, sensor strip skin electrodes appear to be more effective than corneal electrodes in detecting ERG alterations in patients with MDD when using the RETeval® device, making them a promising alternative to traditional corneal electrodes.
Perinuclear compartment controls calcineurin/MEF2 signaling for axonal outgrowth of hippocampal neurons
Authors: Mackiewicz Joanna , Lisek Malwina , Tomczak Julia , Sakowicz Agata , Guo Feng , Boczek Tomasz
Published: November 2024

Central to the process of axon elongation is the concept of compartmentalized signaling, which involves the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-dependent organization of signaling pathways within distinct subcellular domains. This spatial organization is also critical for translating electrical activity into biochemical events. Despite intensive research, the detailed mechanisms by which the spatial separation of signaling pathways governs axonal outgrowth and pathfinding remain unresolved. In this study, we demonstrate that mAKAPα (AKAP6), located in the perinuclear space of primary hippocampal neurons, scaffolds calcineurin, NFAT, and MEF2 transcription factors for activity-dependent axon elongation. By employing anchoring disruptors, we show that the mAKAPα/calcineurin/MEF2 signaling pathway, but not NFAT, drives the process of axonal outgrowth. Furthermore, mAKAPα-controlled axonal elongation is linked to the changes in the expression of genes involved in Ca2+/cAMP signaling. These findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of axon growth that could be targeted therapeutically for neuroprotection and regeneration.
Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review
Authors: Goertzen Alexandre , Kidane Biniam , Ahmed Naseer , Aliani Michel
Published: November 2024

Early detection of cancer typically facilitates improved patient outcomes; however, many cancers are not easily diagnosed at an early stage. One potential route for developing new, non-invasive methods of cancer detection is by testing for cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biomarkers in patients’ urine. In this review, 44 studies covering the use and/or identification of cancer-related VOCs were examined, including studies which examined multiple types of cancer simultaneously, as well as diverse study designs. Among these studies the most studied cancers included prostate cancer (29% of papers), lung cancer (22%), breast cancer (20%), and bladder cancer (18%), with a smaller number of studies focused on colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, skin, liver cancer and others. Importantly, most studies which produced a VOC-based model of cancer detection observed a combined sensitivity and specificity above 150%, indicating that urine-based methods of cancer detection show considerable promise as a diagnostic tool. Mass spectrometry (MS) and electronic noses (eNose) were the most employed tools used in the detection of VOCs, while animal-based models were less common. In terms of VOCs of interest, 47 chemical species identified as correlated with various types of cancer in at least two unrelated papers, some of which were consistently up- or down-regulated in cancer patients, and which may represent useful targets for future studies investing urinary VOC biomarkers of cancer. Overall, it was concluded that research in this field has shown promising results, but more work may be needed before the widespread adoption of these techniques takes place.
Application and research progress of synthetic lethality in the development of anticancer therapeutic drugs
Authors: Gong Xiaoliang , Liu Chunxi , Tang Haoyang , Wu Song , Yang Qingyun
Published: November 2024

With the tremendous success of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in clinical practice, synthetic lethality has become an important field for the discovery and development of anticancer drugs. More and more synthetic lethality targets have been discovered with the rapid development of biotechnology in recent years. Currently, many drug candidates that were designed and developed on the basis of the concept of synthetic lethality have entered clinical trials. Taking representative synthetic lethal targets Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as examples, this article briefly discusses the application and research progress of synthetic lethality in the development of anticancer drugs.
Can preoperative percutaneous injection of ultrasound contrast agent locate sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer?
Authors: Huang Dayan , Cao Wenbin , Luo Yunhao , Guan Cheng , Liu Yuyan , Li Chaonan , Chen Jie , Luo Jing , Luo Jun
Published: November 2024

Objectives

We evaluated the ability and accuracy of preoperative identification and localization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) using intradermal injection of ultrasound contrast agent.

Materials and methods

Prospectively recruited 191 early breast cancer patients with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes (ALNs). All participants received intradermal injection of microbubble contrast agent. Following the identification and localization of SLNs using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), Markers were deployed in the SLNs US-guided. Subsequently, the SLNs with Markers were stained and marked with a suspension of nano-carbon US-guided to assist in intraoperative localization of SLNs. Standard SLNB with methylene blue tracing was performed intraoperatively to assess the consistency between the two methods of SLNs localization, thereby determining the ability and accuracy of CEUS in identifying and localizing SLNs.

Results

A total of 179 patients were included in the final evaluation analysis, in which a microbubble contrast agent was injected subcutaneously in the areolar region. A total of 201 SLNs were identified, with a median of 1 SLN per patient. Each SLN was identified in 157 patients, and two SLNs were identified in 22 patients. Among the 201 SLNs from the 179 patients, the proportion that could be individually matched between CEUS and the blue dye method was 95.5% (192/201), and the consistency evaluation in SLNs identification between CEUS and blue dye staining was excellent (Kappa value = 0.62, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The consistency of identification and localization of SLNs in early breast cancer patients between CEUS and the blue dye method was strong.
Paclitaxel triggers molecular and cellular changes in the choroid plexus
Authors: Zamani Alemeh , EmamiAref Parisa , Kubíčková Lucie , Hašanová Klaudia , Šandor Ondřej , Dubový Petr , Joukal Marek
Published: November 2024

Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for treating various solid tumors. However, resulting neuropathic pain, often a lifelong side effect of paclitaxel, can limit dosing and compromise optimal treatment. The choroid plexus, located in the brain ventricles, spreads peripheral inflammatory reactions into the brain. Our study is the first to analyze the effects of paclitaxel on inflammatory alterations in the choroid plexus. We hypothesized that the choroid plexus could respond directly to paclitaxel and simultaneously be indirectly altered via circulating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) produced by paclitaxel application. Using immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis, we examined the levels of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), along with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in choroid plexus epithelial cells of male Wistar rats following paclitaxel treatment. Moreover, we utilized an in vitro model of choroid plexus epithelial cells, the Z310 cells, to investigate the changes in these cells in response to paclitaxel and DAMPs (CpG ODN). Our results demonstrate that paclitaxel increases TLR9 and FPR2 levels in the choroid plexus while inducing IL6 and TNFα upregulation in both acute and chronic manners. In vitro experiments further revealed that paclitaxel directly interacts with epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, leading to increased levels of TLR9, FPR2, IL6, and TNFα. Additionally, treatment of cells with CpG ODN, an agonist of TLR9, elicited upregulation of IL6 and TNFα. Our findings determined that paclitaxel influences the choroid plexus through both direct and indirect mechanisms, resulting in inflammatory profile alterations. Given the pivotal role of the choroid plexus in brain homeostasis, a compromised choroid plexus following chemotherapy may facilitate the spread of peripheral inflammation into the brain, consequently exacerbating the development of neuropathic pain.
Clinical characteristics and early identification of augmented renal clearance in PICU patients with severe sepsis associated with MRSA infection
Authors: Wang Haonan , Li Jiaqing , Li Xian , Li Han , He Yinglang , Tan Rui , Mei Xuejian , Zha Haoyu , Fan Mingxing , Peng Shuangshuang , Hou Nan , Li Zhe , Wang Yue , Ji Chen , Liu Yao , Miao Hongjun
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) in severe sepsis children with MRSA infection and find risk factors to establish a model predicting ARC onset in PICU.

Design

Retrospective study, in which ARC was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measured by the modified Schwartz formula above 130 ml/min/1.73 m2. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to find the predictor for ARC. Multi-strategy modeling was used to form an early prediction model for ARC, which was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC) and other indicators.

Setting

One China PICU.

Patients

Severe sepsis children with MRSA infection admitted to PICU from May 2017 to June 2022 at Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and main results

125 of 167 (74.9%) patients with severe sepsis with MRSA infection have occurred ARC during the hospitalization of PICU, of which 44% have an absolute decrease in vancomycin trough level (VTL), patients with ARC have a longer length of stay in both hospital and PICU, lower VTL and require longer anti-infective treatment. 20 different models were established for the early recognition of ARC. Among them, the best performer had an AUC of 0.746 and a high application prospect.

Conclusion

ARC is a phenomenon significantly underestimated in pediatric patients with severe sepsis associated with MRSA infection, which can affect 74.9% of these patients and affects the process of anti-infection treatment and clinical outcomes. To achieve early prediction only by specific risk factors is unreliable, a model based on Multivariate Logistic Regression in this study was chosen to be used clinically.
Roles of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their associated molecules in the pathogenesis of keloids: a comprehensive review
Authors: Wang Yajie , Zheng Liying , Zhang Lai , Tai Yuncheng , Lin Xuesong , Cai Zhencheng
Published: November 2024

Keloid scars (keloids), a prototypical form of aberrant scar tissue formation, continue to pose a significant therapeutic challenge within dermatology and plastic surgery due to suboptimal treatment outcomes. Gelatinases are a subgroup of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes that play an important role in the degradation and remodeling of the ECM (a pivotal factor for keloids development). Gelatinases include gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9). Since accumulating evidence has shown that gelatinases played a crucial role in the process of keloid formation, we summarized the current knowledge on the association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and the pathological process of keloids through a comprehensive review. This review demonstrated that the interplay between MMP-2, MMP-9, and their regulators, such as TGF-β1/Smad, PI3K/AKT, and LncRNA-ZNF252P-AS1/miR-15b-5p/BTF3 signaling cascades, involved in the intricate balance governing ECM homeostasis, collectively driving the excessive collagen deposition and altered tissue architecture observed in keloids. In summary, this review consolidates the current understanding of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in keloid pathogenesis, shedding light on their intricate involvement in the dysregulated keloids processes. The potential for targeted therapeutic interventions presents promising opportunities for advancing keloid management strategies.
Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids in the treatment of digestive system tumors
Authors: Zhao Kangning , Zhang Jinlong , Zhou Lin , Sun Zhen
Published: November 2024

Scutellaria baicalensis has been used for the treatment of digestive system disorders for thousands of years in China and other regions. Modern research have revealed its therapeutic efforts in digestive system tumors. Thus, to review the updated progress of S. baicalensis and its main flavonoids in the treatment of digestive system tumors in the past 10 years, this article summarized the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of S. baicalensis and its 5 flavonoids on tumors in oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, pancreas by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, stimulating immune response, and increasing drug sensitivity. In conclusion, S. baicalensis and its flavonoids could be applied to treat digestive system tumors with different type of methods.
Comparisons of functional movements and core muscle activity in women according to Pilates proficiency
Authors: Ko Hyun Seo , Jung Hyung-Ung , Park Tae-Young , Song Jong-Kook , Wang Junsig , Jung Hyun Chul
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aims to investigate the differences in functional movements and core muscle activities between experienced and novice practitioners during Pilates exercises.

Methods

Thirty-eight participants were recruited for the study, comprising 19 experienced and 19 novice Pilates practitioners. Participants performed functional movement screening (FMS) tests and six Pilates exercises at the basic, intermediate, and advanced levels. Surface electromyography (EMG) was utilized to measure muscle activity at four sites: right rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), multifidus (MU), and longissimus (LO). Mean EMG activity, co-contraction indices, and duration of core muscle activation were analyzed using independent t-tests to examine the differences between groups. Cohen’s d was used to calculate effect sizes based on the standard deviations of the groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The experienced practitioners scored significantly higher in total FMS scores and in four sub-units of the FMS scores compared to the novice group (p ≤ 0.01). Mean EO EMG activity was also significantly greater in experienced practitioners during all Pilates exercises (p < 0.05). Additionally, the RA/EO co-contraction index was higher in experienced practitioners during the ‘double leg stretch’ exercise (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The results suggest that experienced Pilates practitioners have superior functional movement abilities and greater core muscle activation, particularly in the EO muscle group, compared to novice practitioners. These findings may assist Pilates instructors in refining instructional strategies to cater to different skill levels and enhance training effectiveness.
Prime effects in metaphor comprehension: comparing congruent and opposite schematic primes
Authors: Khatin-Zadeh Omid , Farsani Danyal , Eskandari Zahra , Li Lin , Banaruee Hassan
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the role of priming in the process of metaphor comprehension focusing on both literal and gesture-based primes under congruent and opposite conditions. We conducted a two-stage experiment to explore how different priming conditions influence the cognitive processing of metaphors. In stage 1, participants made sensibility judgments on a set of metaphors in congruent literal primes (Group 1), opposite literal primes (Group 2), and no-prime conditions, with Group 3 serving as a baseline. In stage 2, participants performed the same task under congruent gesture-prime (Group 4) and opposite gesture-prime conditions (Group 5), again with Group 3 as the baseline. Sensibility judgments and reaction times were analyzed and compared across all five conditions. Findings of stage 1 reveal that congruent literal primes facilitate process of metaphor comprehension, whereas opposite literal primes delay the process of understanding the subsequent metaphor. Similarly, results of stage 2 show that congruent gesture primes facilitate the process of understanding the subsequent metaphor, while opposite gesture primes delay it. These results align with theories of embodied metaphor comprehension, highlighting the varying influences of primes on metaphor comprehension.
Virtual reality vs. imagery: comparing approaches in guided meditation
Authors: Jo Minkyung , Kim Eunha , Lee Jaeyeon
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study compared the influence of virtual reality (VR)-based and traditional (e.g., imagery-based) guided meditation on stress and concentration levels among South Korean adults. In addition, we examined whether concentration levels differed between individuals who are new to meditation and those who are experienced.

Methods

Seventy participants were randomly assigned to either the VR or imagery condition, where they engaged in breathing and waterfall concentration meditation. Pretest and posttest measures of heart rate (HR), galvanic skin response (GSR), negative affect, and concentration during meditation were recorded.

Results

Both VR- and imagery-based guided meditation significantly reduced HR, GSR, and negative affect. However, no significant differences in outcomes were observed between the two groups. Still, participants in the VR condition reported higher concentration levels during meditation, particularly novice meditators. In addition, qualitative feedback indicated that VR-based meditation was more effective in inducing positive emotions, such as calmness and enjoyment.

Discussions

While both VR- and imagery-based guided meditation effectively reduce stress and negative affect, VR-guided meditation shows promise for enhancing concentration, particularly for novice meditators.
Visual insights into translation: demystifying trends of adopting eye-tracking techniques in translation studies
Authors: Li Yin , Zhong Zilong
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The increasing use of eye-tracking techniques in translation studies offers valuable insights into cognitive processes and behavioral strategies of translators, reflecting a significant trend within cognitive linguistics and translator training methodologies.

Methods

This review harnesses quantitative bibliometric analysis through Bibliometrix R-package with qualitative content assessment to evaluate the trajectory and thematic evolution of eye-tracking research in translation studies. Through a dataset from the Web of Science, 56 articles were analyzed, revealing distinct thematic dimensions and trend dynamics.

Results

The analysis revealed that eye-tracking is increasingly pivotal in exploring the cognitive and technological dimensions of translation. Central themes include interactions with translation tools, machine translation, and human-computer interaction, highlighting the importance of cognitive research in technology-driven translation. Niche areas such as English-Chinese translation and online consultation suggest specialized topics that warrant further investigation. Additionally, emerging themes like cognitive load and sight translation demonstrate a shift toward exploring real-time translation processing. Declining traditional topics, such as broader translation theories, indicate a growing integration of cognitive research with technological advancements.

Conclusion

These findings elucidate the growth and diversification of eye-tracking applications in translation studies, emphasizing the method’s importance in both academic research and practical applications, thereby informing future studies and enhancing translator training programs.
Anterior capsulotomy and accumbensotomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder with obsessional slowness: a case report
Authors: Lai Rui , Pang Xiao , Ming Yang , He Haiping , Xiong Yu , You Jian , Chen Ligang , Gong Feilong
Published: November 2024

Obsessional slowness (OS) is characterized by a syndrome of extreme slowness in doing ordinary, day-to-day activities. Several scholars regarded OS as secondary to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, it is commonly thought to be the consequence of extensive rituals and has been paid minimal attention in its own right. A combination of behavior therapy and aromatherapy are recommended for treatment of this condition. However, the outcome is often frustrating. Reports of surgical management for OS are limited. Patient concerns:She had symptoms characterized by repeated checking and progressive slowness in self-care behavior. Diagnosis:At the age of 19, the patient had the first presentation. The patient was diagnosed with a case of OCD with obsessional slowness according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10).Interventions:Considering the lack of a response to pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), we treated this case with anterior capsulotomy and accumbensotomy. Outcomes: Moderate somnolence, urticaria, juvenile behavior, mild short-term memory impairment and slight nonsense were noted during the first postoperative days. At 10 months, the patient’s OCD symptoms recovered nearly to her preoperative level. The OS symptom also had an obvious rebound at 10 months. Through comprehensive judgment, we decided to choose accumbensotomy. At 9 months after the accumbensotomy, the OCD symptoms started to rebound. Soon after, the OS symptoms also recurred. At the last timepoint of 30 months, the patient’s OCD and OS symptoms had completely rebounded. This time, the patient and parents refused any treatment. Conclusion: This case suggests that OCD with OS, as a special category, might not be suitable for stereotactic neurosurgery. Furthermore, multiple surgeries in this kind of OCD patient should be considered with as much caution as much as possible.
Impact of the gut microbiota-Th17 cell axis on inflammatory depression
Authors: Jia Xiuzhi , Wang Jiayi , Ren Dan , Zhang Kaibo , Zhang Hongliang , Jin Tengchuan , Wu Songquan
Published: November 2024

Depression is a serious cognitive disorder that results in significant and pervasive deficits in social behavior. These deficits can be traced back to the intricate interplay between social, psychological, and biological factors. Inflammatory depression, a treatment-resistant or non-responsive subtype of depression, may be related to the interaction between the gut microbiota and interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17 cells). The heterogeneity, plasticity, and effector role of Th17 cells in depression may be influenced by microbiota factors. Commensals-elicited homeostatic Th17 cells preserve the morphological and functional integrity of the intestinal barrier. In addition to pathogen-elicited inflammatory Th17 cells, commensal-elicited homeostatic Th17 cells can become conditionally pathogenic and contribute to the development of inflammatory depression. This review delves into the possible involvement of Th17 cells in inflammatory depression and examines the interplay between gut microbiota and either homeostatic or inflammatory Th17 cells.
From burnout to breakthrough: understanding the work-related stress-motivation Nexus in medical imaging professionals
Authors: Edin Alo , Ali Hikma , Molla Yenuse , Gelchu Miesa , Beyene Ali , Ayele Angefa
Published: November 2024

Background

Work-related stress is a pervasive issue in the global occupational health landscape, ranking as the second-most common problem after low back pain. In Ethiopia, the healthcare sector is particularly affected by low staff motivation and stressed workers, which can significantly impact the functioning of health systems. However, when it comes to medical imaging professionals (MIPs), there is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the relationship between work-related stress and motivation. Therefore, this study aimed to address this gap by assessing the connection between work-related stress and motivation among medical imaging professionals in the study area.

Materials and methods

To assess the relationship between work-related stress and motivation among medical imaging professionals in Addis Ababa, a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The study included a sample of 420 medical imaging professionals, who were randomly selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data collected from the participants were entered into Epi Data 3.1 and analyzed using STATA 14.2. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to explore the associations between work-related stress and motivation, taking into account various factors. To determine statistical significance, a p-value of less than 0.05 was used as the threshold.

Results

This study found that 57.4% of the participants experienced workplace stress and 46.4% reported being motivated. We observed a negative relationship between work-related stress and job motivation. The findings indicated that sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.819, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.125, 2.94), age (AOR = 0.186, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.78), radiation (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.377, 3.57), leadership (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.475, 4.385), financial incentives (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.052, 3.022), and profession category (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.006, 6.561) were significantly associated with workplace stress. In addition, profession category (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.63), smoking (AOR = 0.262, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.77), permanent workplace (AOR = 4.321, 95% CI: 1.988, 9.39), monthly income (AOR = 4.589, 95% CI: 1.37, 15.288), and financial incentives (AOR = 3.39, CI: 2.093, 5.51) were significantly associated with job motivation.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the current study, it can be inferred that work-related stress is substantial, whereas job motivation is lacking among medical imaging professionals. The study found that several factors, including sex, age, radiation, leadership, financial incentives, and profession category, were significantly associated with workplace stress. In addition, factors such as profession, smoking, permanent workplace, monthly income, and financial incentives were found to be significantly associated with job motivation. Notably, a negative relationship was observed between work-related stress and motivation.
Ergonomic challenges in healthcare: mapping physical load during patient transfers using electromyographic field measurements
Authors: Vinstrup Jonas , Jakobsen Markus Due , Nielsen Anders Bruun , Andersen Lars Louis
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among healthcare workers. These workers experience high rates of low-back pain; partly due to the high physical demands of patient transfers. Understanding the specific transfer scenarios that contribute to high physical loads is therefore crucial for developing strategies to improve working conditions.

Methods

This study utilized electromyography to measure muscle activity in the erector spinae muscles during patient transfers, performing measurements in real-life hospital settings to identify the physical load associated with different transfer scenarios. Using linear mixed models, the 95th percentile ranks of the normalized root mean square (nRMS) values were analyzed for a range of different patient transfers.

Results

The results revealed significant differences in physical load across various patient transfer scenarios. High-load activities included sitting to lying down or lying down to sitting (nRMS 32.7, 95% CI: 28.9–36.6) and lifting the upper body (32.4, 95% CI: 28.8–35.9), while low-load activities such as supporting patients while walking or standing (21.9, 95% CI: 18.6–25.1) and mobilizing in bed (19.9, 95% CI: 16.1–23.8) required less muscle activation. Moderate-load activities included bed to chair transfers (28.1, 95% CI: 24.9–31.3) and lifting the head (26.3, 95% CI: 22.7–29.9).

Conclusion

Understanding the physical load associated with different patient transfer scenarios allows for better organization of work in healthcare settings. These novel findings emphasize the need for effective task allocation, rotational schedules, and the use of assistive devices to distribute physical load and reduce injury risk.