bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Multienzyme Cascade Routes for Pharmaceutically Relevant Molecules
Authors: Naik Karishma , Dheeraj Sangoji , Jeevani Kodru , Saravanan Thangavelu
Published: January 2024

The constant demand for sustainable approaches to pharmaceutical synthesis has thrived the enzyme catalysis (biocatalysis) field. The most sought‐after features like high specificity, environmentally benign, and biodegradable nature have rendered enzymatic processes predominantly eco‐friendly. Owing to these merits, biocatalysis is now being developed extensively to exploit their applications in designing alternate and sustainable synthetic routes for manufacturing pharmaceuticals, in line with green chemistry principles. Further, combining multiple enzymes in one‐pot is a highly efficient methodology as it eliminates intermediate isolation, shifts equilibrium in the forward direction, and proceeds in ambient aqueous conditions. This review highlights the importance of recently developed multienzyme cascade synthesis of pharmaceutically important bioactive molecules by relating them with their well‐known chemical route.
Reinforced concrete wall buildings with force‐limiting connections: Modeling effects and uncertainty propagation
Authors: Mayorga C. Franco , Tsampras Georgios
Published: January 2024

This paper assesses the effects of (1) the gravity load‐resisting system (GLRS) modeling approach, (2) the seismic force‐resisting system (SFRS) modeling approach, and (3) the uncertainty of the model parameters of the constitutive law of the longitudinal reinforcing steel of the SFRS on the seismic responses of a 12‐story reinforced concrete wall building with force‐limiting connections. This is achieved by conducting nonlinear numerical earthquake simulations. The seismic responses of the building models with force‐limiting connections using two GLRS modeling approaches, (1) a moment frame system and (2) a pin‐base lean‐on‐column system, are compared. The seismic responses of the building models with conventional connections and force‐limiting connections, respectively, using two SFRS modeling approaches, (1) a distributed‐plasticity modeling approach and (2) a lumped‐plasticity modeling approach, are compared. A joint probability density function for the ASTM‐A615 Grade 60 steel available in the literature is used to conduct an uncertainty propagation analysis through Monte Carlo simulation. The uncertainty in the steel model parameters is propagated to the seismic responses of the building models with conventional connections and force‐limiting connections, respectively. The distributions of the mean values of the peak structural responses of the building models are studied. The effects of the GLRS modeling approach on the seismic responses are not significant in the context of seismic performance‐based design and assessment of buildings with force‐limiting connections. The effects of the SFRS modeling approach and the uncertainty in the steel model parameters on the floor total acceleration and force responses are reduced by including force‐limiting connections.
A developmental model for international students and multiple ecologies
Authors: Garton Paul M. , Grimm Adam , Kim Sehee
Published: January 2024

Traditional ecological models are promising for making sense of international student experiences, but the assumed monolithic nature of the structuring systems is inadequate for explaining development that occurs across multiple systems. We present and expand a model called the Spanning Systems Model that recognizes multiple ecologies. The model organizes ecologies in terms of home and host countries, arguing the systems are in some ways independent and in others intertwined. Student experiences are thus structured by both the systems in which the school is located as well as the systems from which the student is coming. Conceptualizing ecologies in this manner shifts the goal of a successful transition into higher education away from acculturation and towards a more complex, case‐specific project of identifying areas of alignment and contradiction and tailoring experiences to each student's unique ecologies.

Practical Takeaways

This expanded ecological model is intended to theoretically explain development for students whose experiences cross multiple ecologies, for example, multiple countries. While originally designed for international students, the model is applicable to any student with formative experiences in different macrosystems, like study abroad, or some first‐generation students.

Academic, faculty, and career advisors who regularly work with international students should make a concerted effort to understand the different ecologies of each student. Rather than presenting an ideal model for acculturation into US higher education, advisors can use this model to identify alignments and contradictions and plan accordingly.

New student orientations for international students can use this model as an organizing device. For example, potential contradictions between ecologies, like academic integrity and intellectual property rights, can be presented to students in the context of a holistic discussion around the rights‐based justice system in the United States.

The model can be given directly to students as a worksheet to help make sense of their experiences and frame their thinking. Students can fill in directly the different systems in which they are situated and can begin to make decisions about how they can make changes.
The influence of elbow and forearm posture on grip force perception in healthy individuals
Authors: Wang Huihui , Wu Shengkou , Li Lin
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to examine the influence of elbow and forearm postures, as well as sex, on the perception of grip force in a sample of individuals without any known health conditions. A total of 21 healthy participants (10 women and 11 men) from college were included and completed a force reproducibility assignment with four elbow and forearm positions (full pronation, supination, and extension, and at 90° of flexion) at three force levels (10%, 30%, and 50% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]). Our results show that participants were more sensitive in detecting variations in their grip force when their elbow was in full supination (14.1 ± 8.5% MVIC,p < .05) and full extension (13.8 ± 10.1% MVIC,p < .01) than when it was at 90° of flexion (19.9 ± 20.1% MVIC). The normalized absolute error exhibited comparable patterns among both male and female participants. Specifically, when the working range of the muscles increased (as indicated by higher maximum voluntary isometric contraction values in males), the accuracy decreased (as reflected by the more significant absolute error in men). Moreover, men exhibited a greater degree of both constant and variable error than women. Recent research indicates that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is higher in women than in males. The results we obtained may contribute to developing strategies to reduce injury risk.
Comparison of head direction cell firing characteristics across thalamo‐parahippocampal circuitry
Authors: Clark Benjamin J. , LaChance Patrick A. , Winter Shawn S. , Mehlman Max L. , Butler Will , LaCour Ariyana , Taube Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2024

Head direction (HD) cells, which fire persistently when an animal's head is pointed in a particular direction, are widely thought to underlie an animal's sense of spatial orientation and have been identified in several limbic brain regions. Robust HD cell firing is observed throughout the thalamo‐parahippocampal system, although recent studies report that parahippocampal HD cells exhibit distinct firing properties, including conjunctive aspects with other spatial parameters, which suggest they play a specialized role in spatial processing. Few studies, however, have quantified these apparent differences. Here, we performed a comparative assessment of HD cell firing characteristics across the anterior dorsal thalamus (ADN), postsubiculum (PoS), parasubiculum (PaS), medial entorhinal (MEC), and postrhinal (POR) cortices. We report that HD cells with a high degree of directional specificity were observed in all five brain regions, but ADN HD cells display greater sharpness and stability in their preferred directions, and greater anticipation of future headings compared to parahippocampal regions. Additional analysis indicated that POR HD cells were more coarsely modulated by other spatial parameters compared to PoS, PaS, and MEC. Finally, our analyses indicated that the sharpness of HD tuning decreased as a function of laminar position and conjunctive coding within the PoS, PaS, and MEC, with cells in the superficial layers along with conjunctive firing properties showing less robust directional tuning. The results are discussed in relation to theories of functional organization of HD cell tuning in thalamo‐parahippocampal circuitry.
Association between ambient exposure to PM2.5 and upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Los Angeles
Authors: Fang Fang , Ritz Beate , Rao Jianyu , Zhu Yifang , Tashkin Donald P. , Morgenstern Hal , Zhang Zuo‐Feng
Published: January 2024

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) contains carcinogens similar to those generated by tobacco smoking, which may increase the risks of developing smoking‐related cancers, such as upper aerodigestive track (UADT) cancers, for both smokers and never‐smokers. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relation between ambient PM2.5 exposure and risk of UADT cancers. A population‐based case–control study involving 565 incident UADT cancer cases and 983 controls was conducted in Los Angeles County from 1999 to 2004. The average residential PM2.5 concentration 1 year before the diagnosis date for cases and the reference date for controls was assessed using a chemical transport model. The association between ambient PM2.5 and the UADT cancers was estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders at the individual and block‐group level. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, tobacco smoking status and UADT subsites. We also assessed the interaction between PM2.5 and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers. PM2.5 concentrations were associated with an elevated odds of UADT cancers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21 per interquartile range [4.5 μg/m3] increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.44). The association between PM2.5 and UADT cancers was similar across UADT subsites, sex and tobacco smoking status. The interaction between PM2.5 and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers was approximately additive on the odds scale. The effect estimate for PM2.5 and UADT cancers was similar among never smokers. Our findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of UADT cancers. Improvements in air quality may reduce the risk of UADT cancers.
Counseling in menopausal women: How to address the benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy. A FIGO position paper
Authors: Genazzani Andrea R. , Divakar Hema , Khadilkar Suvarna S. , Monteleone Patrizia , Evangelisti Bernadette , Galal Ahmed F. , Priego Paola I. R. , Simoncini Tommaso , Giannini Andrea , Goba Gelila , Benedetto Chiara
Published: January 2024

Menopause marks the end of menstrual cyclicity and, depending on individual vulnerability, has several consequences related to gonadal steroid deprivation, especially if it is premature. Menopause may be more burdensome for some women than for others. Individual factors, such as personal history, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and current health conditions, affect symptomatology and, thereby, the menopausal experience. In addition, some menopausal symptoms, such as severe hot flashes, sleep disorders, and depression, are markers of future health risks. Counseling is a fundamental part of health care in the peri‐ and postmenopause periods. It must include an assessment of the patient's symptoms, needs, desires, and risk profile to address the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on an individual basis and promote a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, healthcare practitioners can and must protect the health and lives of mid‐life women by increasing awareness of menopausal symptoms and ensuring healthcare options, especially MHT. The type and duration of MHT should be tailored based on the patient's history, menopausal age, physical characteristics, and current health status so that the benefits always outweigh the risks. This FIGO position paper focuses on the benefits and risks of MHT on health domains, target organs, and systems, and on systemic and vaginal MHT regimens, to provide indications that can be used in the clinical practice for menopausal counseling. Moreover, it offers insights into what FIGO considers the mainstay for the healthcare management of women in peri‐ and postmenopause, worldwide.
Active pixel image sensor array for dual vision using large‐area bilayer WS2
Authors: Bala Arindam , Sritharan Mayuri , Liu Na , Naqi Muhammad , Sen Anamika , Han Gyuchull , Rho Hyun Yeol , Yoon Youngki , Kim Sunkook
Published: January 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a promising candidate for developing advanced sensors, particularly for day and night vision systems in vehicles, drones, and security surveillance. While traditional systems rely on separate sensors for different lighting conditions, TMDs can absorb light across a broad‐spectrum range. In this study, a dual vision active pixel image sensor array based on bilayer WS2 phototransistors was implemented. The bilayer WS2 film was synthesized using a combined process of radio‐frequency sputtering and chemical vapor deposition. The WS2‐based thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibit high average mobility, excellent Ion/Ioff, and uniform electrical properties. The optoelectronic properties of the TFTs array exhibited consistent behavior and can detect visible to near‐infrared light with the highest responsivity of 1821 A W−1 (at a wavelength of 405 nm) owing to the photogating effect. Finally, red, green, blue, and near‐infrared image sensing capabilities of active pixel image sensor array utilizing light stencil projection were demonstrated. The proposed image sensor array utilizing WS2 phototransistors has the potential to revolutionize the field of vision sensing, which could lead to a range of new opportunities in various applications, including night vision, pedestrian detection, various surveillance, and security systems.

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Effects of aligned PLGA/SrCSH composite scaffolds on in vitro growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Lichu , Luo Pin , Liao Honghong , Yang Kuangyang , Yang Shenyu , Tu Mei
Published: January 2024

Strontium (Sr) has important functions in bone remodeling. Incorporating strontium‐doped α‐calcium sulfate hemihydrate (SrCSH) into poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibrous scaffolds were expected to increase its bio‐activity and provide a potential material for bone tissue engineering. In the present study, Sr‐containing aligned PLGA/SrCSH fibrous scaffolds similar to the architecture of natural bone were prepared via wet spinning. CCK‐8 assay revealed that Sr‐containing scaffolds possessed better bioactivity and supported favorable cell growth effectively. The aligned PLGA/SrCSH fibers exerted a contact effect on cell attachment, inducing regular cell alignment and influencing a series of cell behaviors. Releasing of high concentration Sr from a‐PLGA/SrCSH scaffolds could induce high expression levels of BMP‐2, increase ALP activity and upregulate RUNX‐2 expression, and further promote the expressions of COL‐I and OCN and the maximum mineralization. This study demonstrated that Sr and ordered structure in a‐PLGA/SrCSH fibrous scaffolds could synergistically enhance the osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) by regulating cell arrangement and expressions of osteogenic genes.
Efficacy of collagen conduit wrapping with collagen fibers on nerve regeneration in sciatic nerve injury with partial transection: An experimental study in the rat model
Authors: Tanaka Hiromasa , Kurimoto Shigeru , Hirata Hitoshi
Published: January 2024

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) include complete and partial transection, crushing, and chronic compression injuries. Hollow absorbable conduits are used to treat complete transection with short defects, while wrapping the injured part with an absorbent material promotes nerve recovery by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and scar tissue formation in crush injuries. For treatment of partially transected nerve injuries (PTNIs), such as injection‐related iatrogenic PNI, whether wrapping the entire nerve, including the injury site, or bridging the transected fascicle with an artificial nerve conduit (ANC) is beneficial remains to be verified. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether wrapping the injured nerve and placing collagen fibers as scaffolds at the nerve defect site contribute to neural recovery in PTNI. A unilateral 5‐mm partial nerve defect was created at the mid‐thigh level in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Fifty‐four Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (150–250 g) were divided into three groups (n = 9 each): group 1, collagen fibers were placed in the nerve defect and the sciatic nerve was wrapped with collagen conduit; group 2, the sciatic nerve was wrapped by collagen conduit without collagen fibers; and group 3, nerve defect was reconstructed with collagen‐filled conduit. Nerve regeneration was evaluated by analyses of gait, electrophysiology, wet muscle weight, and axon numbers with immunohistochemistry at 12 and 24 weeks. Dorsiflexion angles among all groups improved significantly from 12 to 24 weeks postoperatively. At 24 weeks postoperatively, compound muscle action potential amplitudes (CMAPs) of tibialis anterior were 5.26 ± 4.64, 1.31 ± 1.17, and 0.14 ± 0.24 mV (p < .05), CMAPs of gastrocnemius were 21.3 ± 5.98, 15.4 ± 5.46, and 13.11 ± 3.91 mV in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; and the value of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 3 (p < .05). Axon numbers were 2194 ± 629; 1106 ± 645; and 805 ± 907 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < .05). For PTNI reconstruction, artificial nerve wrap (ANW) was superior to ANC. Providing collagen scaffold at the nerve defect site enhanced nerve recovery during reconstruction with ANW.
The role of IgG4 in systemic lupus erythematosus: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Wang Yingjian , Hu Mengsi , Xu Shoufang , Jiang Feiyu , Han Yetao , Liu Zhiwei
Published: January 2024

Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 has a distinctive nature, and its involvement in autoimmune disorders is a subject of ongoing debate and uncertainty. A growing body of evidence indicates that IgG4 may play a pathogenic role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The IgG4 autoantibodies have the capability to bind autoantigens in a competitive manner with other Ig classes, thereby forming immune complexes (ICs) that are noninflammatory in nature. This is due to the low affinity of IgG4 for both the Fc receptors and the C1 complement molecule, which results in a diminished inflammatory response in individuals with SLE. The present study aims to elucidate the significance of IgG4 in SLE. The present discourse pertains to the nascent and suggested modalities through which IgG4 might participate in the pathogenesis of SLE and the potential ramifications for therapeutic interventions in SLE.
Evaluation of mpox contact tracing activities and data collection in EU/EEA countries during the 2022 multicountry outbreak in nonendemic countries
Authors: Prins Henrieke , Coyer Liza , De Angelis Stefania , Bluemel Benjamin , Cauchi Daniel , Baka Agoritsa
Published: January 2024

To control human‐to‐human mpox transmission during the 2022 outbreak, European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries conducted case investigation and contact tracing (CT). We aimed to provide an overview of CT activities, describe CT data collection practices, and identify related facilitators, barriers, and potential opportunities for improvement. Between April 03, 2023 and May 12, 2023, a survey was distributed to CT stakeholders in 30 EU/EEA countries, asking about mpox CT activities and data collection and requesting to rank enablers, barriers, and improvements for CT on a five‐point Likert scale. The 139 respondents from 27 countries indicated having performed case investigations (96%, n = 133), backward CT (88%, n = 122), forward CT (87%, n = 121), and follow‐up on contacts' outcomes (77%, n = 107). Sixty percent (n = 80/134) used standardized data collection forms and 73% (n = 91/124) used databases. The highest‐rated enablers were clear guidelines (mean = 3.9), quick access to laboratory results (3.6), and sufficient expertise (3.6). Highly rated barriers were inability to contact contacts (3.0) or cases (2.5) and lack of staff (2.4). The most needed improvements were availability of staff (3.5), expertise on affected populations (3.4) and data reporting tools and systems (3.3). To improve CT of mpox and diseases with similar transmission patterns, EU/EEA countries should increase workforce capacity in public and sexual health, offer training on CT operations and communication with affected communities, and use common CT data collection tools and systems.
Trifluridine for treatment of mpox infection in drug combinations in ophthalmic cell models
Authors: Cinatl Jindrich , Bechtel Marco , Reus Philipp , Ott Melanie , Rothweiler Florian , Michaelis Martin , Ciesek Sandra , Bojkova Denisa
Published: January 2024

The Mpox virus can cause severe disease in the susceptible population with dermatologic and systemic manifestations. Furthermore, ophthalmic manifestations of mpox infection are well documented. Topical trifluridine (TFT) eye drops have been used for therapy of ophthalmic mpox infection in patients, however, its efficacy against mpox virus infection in this scenario has not been previously shown. In the present study, we have established ophthalmic cell models suitable for the infection with mpox virus. We show, that TFT is effective against a broad range of mpox isolates in conjunctival epithelial cells and keratocytes. Further, TFT remained effective against a tecovirimat‐resistant virus strain. In the context of drug combinations, a nearly additive effect was observed for TFT combinations with brincidofovir and tecovirimat in conjunctival epithelial cells, while a slight antagonism was observed for both combinations in keratocytes. Altogether, our findings demonstrate TFT as a promising drug for treatment of ophthalmic mpox infection able to overcome tecovirimat resistance. However, conflicting results regarding the effect of drug combinations with approved compounds warrant close monitoring of such use in patients.
SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid antigen in plasma of children hospitalized for COVID‐19 or with incidental detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Capelli Nicolas , Domitien Payet Léa , Alcocer Cordellat Carmen , Pisoni Amandine , Engelmann Ilka , Van de Perre Philippe , Jeziorski Eric , Tuaillon Edouard
Published: January 2024

In hospitalized children, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can present as either a primary reason for admission (patients admitted for COVID‐19) or an incidental finding during follow‐up (patients admitted with COVID‐19). We conducted a nested case‐control study within a cohort of pediatric patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, to investigate the concentration of plasma nucleocapsid antigen (N‐Ag) in children admitted for COVID‐19 or with COVID‐19. While reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Ct values in nasopharyngeal swab were similar between the two groups, children admitted for COVID‐19 had a higher rate of detectable N‐Ag (12/18 (60.7%) versus 6/18 (33.3%), p = 0.0455) and a higher concentration of N‐Ag (medians: 19.51 g/mL vs. 1.08 pg/mL, p = 0.0105). In children hospitalized for COVID‐19, the youngest had higher concentration of N‐Ag (r = −0.74, p = 0.0004). We also observed a lower prevalence of detectable spike antibodies in children hospitalized for COVID‐19 compared to those hospitalized for other medical reasons (3/15 [20%] vs. 13/16 [81.25%], respectively, p = < 0.0011), but similar rates of IgG nucleocapsid antibodies (5/14 [35.7%] vs. 6/17 [35.3%], respectively, p = 0.99). Our findings indicate that N‐Ag is associated with COVID‐19‐related hospitalizations in pediatric patients, and less frequently detected in children tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 but hospitalized for another medical reason. Further studies are needed to confirm the value of N‐Ag in identifying COVID‐19 disease infections in which SARS‐CoV‐2 is the main pathogen responsible for symptoms.
Climatic factors affecting Kamchatka glacier recession
Authors: Korneva I. A. , Toropov P. A. , Muraviev A. Ya. , Aleshina M. A.
Published: January 2024

The reduction in the area and volume of glaciation in all mountain regions of the Earth has strongly accelerated for the last decades. In this work, we analysed the trends of the main climatic parameters which caused the glacier recession in the Kamchatka Peninsula. It was shown that the glaciers of the northern part of the Sredinny Range decreased by 125 km2 (35.6%) from 1950 to 2016–2017. The average rate of their reduction in the period from 2002 to 2016–2017 (1.45%/year) increased approximately 4.3 times compared to the period 1950–2002 (0.34%/year). The greatest reduction is observed in small glaciers with an area of less than 0.1 km2 and in glaciers with southeastern and southern expositions. On the Kronotsky Peninsula, the glacier area reduction for 1957–2019 was equal to 32.1 km2 (35.6%), and the rates were almost the same in the periods of 1957–2000 (0.61%/year) and 2000–2019 (0.67%/year). According to the data of weather stations and ERA5 reanalysis, it was shown that, in the ablation (summer) period the warming rate was minimal (0.3°C/10 years) and in the accumulation period a significant decrease in precipitation (5%–10%/10 years) was revealed in some areas. At the same time, a significant increase in the radiation balance was revealed in the warm season along with a tendency in downward shortwave radiation increase for the last two decades due to a decrease in cloud amount. These trends are in good agreement with the growth of the geopotential height over the North Pacific during the warm season in the 21st century, and with the growth of velocity divergence in the middle troposphere and the intensification of downward air movements. All this confirms an increase in anticyclone frequency in the warm season, which could be the cause of a radiation balance increase and, consequently, an increase in glacier ablation.
The impact of age, disease severity, and BMI on bone health and growth in children and young people with Crohn's disease
Authors: Kherati Rida , Bansal Archana , Oleksiewicz Julia , Kadir Ahmed , Burgess Natasha , Barr Sabrina , Naik Sandhia , Croft Nicholas M , Gasparetto Marco
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) characteristics, bone health and growth parameters at diagnosis and follow‐up.

Methods

Retrospective data was collected for 47 children aged 4–16 who were newly diagnosed with CD between January 2018 and December 2019. Mean follow‐up time was 2.5 years.

Results

Eleven (24%) children had growth delay at diagnosis, which persisted in 4 (44%) of 9 recorded children at follow‐up. Of the 35 children tested, 20 (57%) had inadequate Vitamin D levels (<50 mmol/L) at diagnosis. Thirty‐seven (79%) children had a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan at diagnosis, with 20 of them having at least 1 low Z‐score. Children with poorer bone mineral density and bone mineral concentration Z‐scores for age had a younger age at diagnosis (p = .042 and p = .021), more severe disease (p = .04 and p = .029) and a lower BMI (p < .001) at diagnosis. Children diagnosed with CD ≥11 years had a lower‐than‐expected height velocity (p < .0001 and p < .001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated an older age of diagnosis was a significant predictor of a lower height velocity at follow‐up.

Conclusion

Disease severity and age of diagnosis are important CD‐related factors that influence bone health and growth. Vitamin D is an accessible component that if optimised can improve all three factors. Monitoring and optimising each aspect systematically has the potential to enable children to achieve their bone health and growth potentials.
Advanced polymer‐based surfactant for improved heat and salinity stability in enhanced oil recovery processes
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Abdalisousan Ashkan , Manshad Abbas Khaksar , Sajadiyan Vali Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Enhancing oil recovery through surfactants has proven to be a successful strategy in recent times. However, traditional surfactants have their limitations, particularly in terms of stability under high temperatures and salinity levels. This study delved into a groundbreaking macromolecular polymeric surfactant, S‐AV, which holds the unique ability to transform rock surface characteristics, effectively stripping away residual oil while maintaining resilience against elevated temperatures and salinity. S‐AV was synthesized through a free‐radical copolymerization process, incorporating benzyl, perfluoroalkyl, alkyl‐, benzyl‐, ethylene glycol, and amide‐alkyl‐sulfonate groups, ultimately yielding a comb‐like molecular structure. S‐AV demonstrated exceptional prowess, swiftly reducing the underwater oil contact angle to 53.4° in just 48 h. This synthesized surfactant also retained its phase stability up to salinity levels of 36,000 ppm, with temperature having no disruptive impact on its phase stability performance. Furthermore, S‐AV showcased remarkable viscosity reduction in conditions of high temperature and salinity. The core flooding experiments underscored the potential of S‐AV, as its injection led to a significant oil recovery rate of up to 83%. These findings position S‐AV as a promising candidate for practical enhanced oil recovery applications.
TGFB1I1 promotes cell proliferation and migration in urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Liang Peir‐In , Wei Yu‐Ching , Chen Huan‐Da , Ma Yu‐Chun , Ke Hung‐Lung , Chien Chu‐Chun , Chuang Hao‐Wen
Published: January 2024

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is common cancer worldwide with a high prevalence in Taiwan, especially in the upper urinary tract, including the renal pelvis and ureter, also classifying as upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Here, we aim to find a representative prognostic marker that strongly correlates to this type of carcinoma. Transforming growth factor beta‐1‐induced transcript 1 (TGFB1I1) is a cofactor of cellular TGF‐β1 and interacts with various nuclear receptors. The previous study showed that TGFB1I1 promotes focal adhesion formation, contributing to the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) with actin cytoskeleton and vimentin through TGFB1I1 regulation. We aim to reveal the role of TGFB1I1 in the tumorigenesis of UC. In silico and clinicopathological data of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) were accessed and analyzed for IHC staining regarding tumor characteristics, including survival outcome. Finally, an in vitro study was performed to demonstrate the biological changes of UC cells. In UTUC, overexpression of TGFB1I1 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage, papillary configuration, and frequent mitosis. Meanwhile, overexpression of TGFB1I1 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage and histological grade in UBUC. Moreover, the in vitro study shows that TGFB1I1 affects cell proliferation, viability, migration and wound healing. The EMT markers also decreased upon TGFB1I1 knockdown. In this study, we identified that TGFB1I1 regulates UC cell proliferation and viability and induces the EMT to facilitate cell migration in vitro, leading to its essential role in promoting tumor aggressiveness in both UTUC and UBUC.
CircPRDM5 inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and glucose metabolism of gastric cancer cells by reducing GCNT4 expression in a miR‐485‐3p‐dependent manner
Authors: Lan Zhang‐Zhang , Sun Feng‐Hua , Chen Chuan , Niu Li , Shi Jing‐Dong , Zhang Wen‐Yong
Published: January 2024

Circular RNA (circRNA) plays a key part in the pathological process of gastric cancer (GC). The study is organized to analyze the function of circPRDM5 in GC cell tumor properties. Expression levels of circPRDM5, miR‐485‐3p, glucosaminyl (N‐acetyl) transferase 4 (GCNT4), ki67, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, and hexokinase 2 (HK2) were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting or immunohistochemistry assay. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell colony formation assay and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay. Cell migration and invasion were investigated by transwell assay. Glycolysis was evaluated by the Seahorse XF Glycolysis Stress Test Kit. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull‐down assay were performed to identify the associations among circPRDM5, miR‐485‐3p, and GCNT4. Xenograft mouse model assay was conducted to determine the effects of circPRDM5 on tumor formation in vivo. CircPRDM5 and GCNT4 expression were downregulated, while miR‐485‐3p expression was upregulated in GC tissues and cells when compared with paracancerous tissues or human gastric epithelial cells. CircPRDM5 overexpression inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and glucose metabolism of GC cells; however, circPRDM5 depletion had the opposite effects. CircPRDM5 repressed tumor properties of GC cells in vivo. MiR‐485‐3p restoration relieved circPRDM5‐induced effects in GC cells. GCNT4 overexpression remitted the promoting effects of miR‐485‐3p mimics on GC cell malignancy. CircPRDM5 acted as a sponge for miR‐485‐3p, and GCNT4 was identified as a target gene of miR‐485‐3p. Moreover, circPRDM5 regulated GCNT4 expression by interacting with miR‐485‐3p.CircPRDM5 acted as a miR‐485‐3p sponge to inhibit GC progression by increasing GCNT4 expression, proving a potential target for GC therapy.
A comparative analysis of laryngeal nerve damage in patients with idiopathic vocal cord paralysis exhibiting different paralytic sides
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Hong , Yan Jing , Li Na , Zhang Qing‐Qing , Xie Meng , Guo Rui‐Xin , Du Xiao‐Ying , Chen Yang‐Juan , Kong De‐Min , Yang Min‐Juan , Ren Xiao‐Yong
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess the extent of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) damage in patients with idiopathic vocal cord paralysis (IVCP) exhibiting different paralytic sides.

Methods

A total of 84 IVCP cases were evaluated using stroboscopic laryngoscopy, voice analysis, and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). The results were compared between patients with left‐sided paralysis and right‐sided paralysis based on different disease courses (less than or more than 3 months).

Results

Initially, the average age and disease progression of IVCP patients were found to be similar regardless of the side of paralysis (p > .05). Additionally, there were no significant variations in voice indicators, such as MPT, DSI, and VHI, between IVCP patients with left and right vocal cord paralysis (p > .05). Furthermore, no disparities were detected in the latencies and amplitudes of the paralyzed RLN and SLN, as well as the durations and amplitudes of the action potentials in the paralyzed TM and PCM, among IVCP patients with left and right vocal cord paralysis (p > .05). Notably, the amplitudes of the left paralytic CM were significantly lower than those of the right paralytic CM (0.45 vs. 0.53, Z = −2.013, p = .044). In addition, no disparities were observed in APDs and amplitudes between the ipsilateral PCM and TM, either for patients with left or right vocal fold paralysis (p > .05). Finally, all the IVCP patients were subdivided into two subgroups according to different disease course (less than or more than 3 months), and in each subgroup, the comparison of voice indicators and LEMG results in IVCP patients with left or right vocal fold paralysis were similar with the above findings (p > .05).

Conclusion

Overall, the degree of RLN and SLN damage appeared to be similar in IVCP patients with left and right vocal cord paralysis, provided that the disease course was comparable.

Level of Evidence

4.
Hydrophilic, Porous, Fiber‐Reinforced Collagen‐Based Membrane for Corneal Repair
Authors: Li Zhi‐Biao , Liu Jia , Xu Ying‐Ni , Sun Xiao‐Min , Peng Yue‐Hai , Zhao Qi , Lin Yong‐An , Huang Yong‐Rui , Ren Li
Published: January 2024

Collagen membrane with outstanding biocompatibility exhibits immense potential in the field of corneal repair and reconstruction, but the poor mechanical properties limit its clinical application. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer widely explored for application in corneal reconstruction due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, easy processability, and flexibility. In this study, a PCL/collagen composite membrane with reinforced mechanical properties is developed. The membrane has a strong composite structure with collagen by utilizing a porous and hydrophilic PCL scaffold, maintaining its integrity even after immersion. The suture retention and mechanical tests demonstrate that compared with the pure collagen membrane, the prepared membrane has a greater tensile strength and twice the modulus of elasticity. Further, the suture retention strength is improved by almost two times. In addition, the membrane remains fully intact on the implant bed in an in vitro corneal defect model. Moreover, the membrane can be tightly sutured to a rabbit corneal defect, progressively achieve epithelialization, and remain unchanged during observation. Overall, the PCL/collagen composite membrane is a promising candidate as a suturable corneal restoration material in clinical keratoplasty.
Engaging consumers through artificially intelligent technologies: Systematic review, conceptual model, and further research
Authors: Hollebeek Linda D. , Menidjel Choukri , Sarstedt Marko , Jansson Johan , Urbonavicius Sigitas
Published: January 2024

While consumer engagement (CE) in the context of artificially intelligent (AI‐based) technologies (e.g., chatbots, smart products, voice assistants, or autonomous cars) is gaining traction, the themes characterizing this emerging, interdisciplinary corpus of work remain indeterminate, exposing an important literature‐based gap. Addressing this gap, we conduct a systematic review of 89 studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) approach to synthesize the AI‐based CE literature. Our review yields three major themes of AI‐based CE, including (i) Increasingly accurate service provision through AI‐based CE; (ii) Capacity of AI‐based CE to (co)create consumer‐perceived value, and (iii) AI‐based CE's reduced consumer effort in their task execution. We also develop a conceptual model that proposes the AI‐based CE antecedents of personal, technological, interactional, social, and situational factors, and the AI‐based CE consequences of consumer‐based, firm‐based, and human‐AI collaboration outcomes. We conclude by offering pertinent implications for theory development (e.g., by offering future research questions derived from the proposed themes of AI‐based CE) and practice (e.g., by reducing consumer‐perceived costs of their brand/firm interactions).
The Huntington's Disease Gene Discovery
Authors: Franklin Gustavo L. , Teive Hélio A.G. , Tensini Fernando Spina , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , de Lima Nayra de Souza Carvalho , de dos Santos Diego de Castro , Meira Alex T. , Tabrizi Sarah J.
Published: January 2024

The gene for Huntington's disease (HD) was discovered in 1993, after an international collaborative initiative that led researchers to remote regions of South America. It was the most remarkable milestone, since George Huntington's initial description. Through the phenomenological discussions led by Jean‐Martin Charcot and Willian Osler, and finally Americo Negrette's reports, which served as the inspiration for the Venezuela Project led by Nancy Wexler, the journey toward discovering the Huntington's disease (HD) gene was marked by substantial efforts. This monumental achievement involved the analysis of more than 18,000 blood samples and gathered dozens of researchers in an integrated effort, enabling the mapping of the gene on chromosome 4 in 1983 and leading, a decade later, to the precise localization and identification of the HTT gene. The discovery of the HD mutation represented a pivotal moment in the field of genetics and neurology, significantly enhancing our understanding of the disease and creating opportunities for future treatments. The progress made and the knowledge gained during this journey catalyzed the development of many innovative molecular techniques that have advanced research in other medical conditions. In this article, the authors celebrate three decades of this memorable event, revisiting the historical aspects, providing insights into the techniques developed, and delving into the paths that ultimately led to the discovery of the HD gene. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Near infrared ammonia sensing system based on on‐axis cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy using board‐level mode‐locked circuit
Authors: Zhu Bingjie , Guan Gangyun , Wu Xuyang , Zheng Kaiyuan , Song Fang , Zheng Chuantao , Wang Yiding
Published: January 2024

We proposed a near‐infrared gas sensing system based on mode‐locked cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy. A distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB‐FL) with a central wavelength of 1550 nm was employed as the light source, coupling with a Fabry–Perot (F‐P) cavity with an effective optical path length of 42.7 m served as the gas cell. By utilizing a homemade mode‐locked electric circuit and Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) technique, the mode‐locking between the DFB‐FL and F‐P cavity was achieved with long‐term fluctuation of 3.2%. System performance was verified using ammonia as the analyte gas with a target line at 1550.17 nm. Allan variance analysis revealed that the minimum detection limit was 15.8 ppm with an averaging time of 216 s, corresponding to an absorption coefficient of 2.3 × 10−7 cm−1.
Water removal in MR spectroscopic imaging with Casorati singular value decomposition
Authors: Shamaei Amirmohammad , Starcukova Jana , Rizzo Rudy , Starcuk Zenon
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Water removal is one of the computational bottlenecks in the processing of high‐resolution MRSI data. The purpose of this work is to propose an approach to reduce the computing time required for water removal in large MRS data.

Methods

In this work, we describe a singular value decomposition–based approach that uses the partial position‐time separability and the time‐domain linear predictability of MRSI data to reduce the computational time required for water removal. Our approach arranges MRS signals in a Casorati matrix form, applies low‐rank approximations utilizing singular value decomposition, removes residual water from the most prominent left‐singular vectors, and finally reconstructs the water‐free matrix using the processed left‐singular vectors.

Results

We have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm for water removal using both simulated and in vivo data. The proposed algorithm encompasses a pip‐installable tool (
https://pypi.org/project/CSVD/), available on GitHub (
https://github.com/amirshamaei/CSVD), empowering researchers to use it in future studies. Additionally, to further promote transparency and reproducibility, we provide comprehensive code for result replication.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that the proposed method is a promising alternative to existing water removal methods due to its low processing time and good performance in removing water signals.
An augmented hybrid multibaseline and referenceless MR thermometry motion compensation algorithm for MRgHIFU hyperthermia
Authors: Wong Suzanne M. , Akbulatov Arthur , Macsemchuk Craig A. , Headrick Andrew , Luo Phoebe , Drake James M. , Waspe Adam C.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

A hybrid principal component analysis and projection onto dipole fields (PCA‐PDF) MR thermometry motion compensation algorithm was optimized with atlas image augmentation and validated.

Methods

Experiments were conducted on a 3T Philips MRI and Profound V1 Sonalleve high intensity focused ultrasound (high intensity focused ultrasound system. An MR‐compatible robot was configured to induce motion on custom gelatin phantoms. Trials with periodic and sporadic motion were introduced on phantoms while hyperthermia was administered. The PCA‐PDF algorithm was augmented with a predictive atlas to better compensate for larger sporadic motion.

Results

During periodic motion, the temperature SD in the thermometry was improved from to C with both the original and augmented PCA‐PDF application. For large sporadic motion, the augmented atlas improved the motion compensation from the original PCA‐PDF correction from to C.

Conclusion

The PCA‐PDF algorithm improved temperature accuracy to <1°C during periodic motion, but was not able to adequately address sporadic motion. By augmenting the PCA‐PDF algorithm, temperature SD during large sporadic motion was also reduced to <1°C, greatly improving the original PCA‐PDF algorithm.
FGF21 increases the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib under hypoxia
Authors: Zhang Ting , Shi Huiling , Zhang Shihui , Zhu Qin , Qiu Mengyuan , Chitakunye Ashleigh T. , Hong Hanyu , Luo Liaoxin , Li Yujing , Sun Qiuyu , Li Xiaokun , Cai Lin
Published: January 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disease in human history and one of the main causes of cancer‐related death. Insufficient oxygen supply in the tumor microenvironment forces cancer cells to survive in a mild hypoxia environment. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of the FGF family, has become the focus of public attention due to its outstanding achievements in diabetes and lipid lowering. However, the mechanism of FGF21 in HCC remains unclear.

Objective

The aims of this study were to clarify whether or not FGF21 could increase the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib (SORA) under hypoxia and explore the possible mechanism.

Methods

In this study, by using 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide cell viability test, plate clone formation test, western blot analysis, Hoechst/propidium iodide double staining experiment, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and subcutaneous tumor transplantation in mice, we studied the effects of recombinant human FGF21 combined with SORA on hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. FGF21 could enhance the phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) under anaerobic conditions. When combined with SORA, FGF21 could increase the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to SORA and inhibit the growth and migration of hepatoma cells.

Results

FGF21 may increase the sensitivity of HCC to SORA by enhancing the phosphorylation of Smad3 through the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway under hypoxia.

Conclusion

Our study suggested the possibility of combination therapy for SORA and FGF21 on HCC.