bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arterial stiffness in persons with multiple sclerosis and controls: Does aerobic fitness account for group differences?
Authors: DeJonge Sydney R , DuBose Noah G , Pilutti Lara A , Motl Robert W
Published: September 2023

Vascular function is worse in multiple sclerosis (MS) than healthy controls perhaps based on differences in aerobic fitness. We compared carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index (AIx75) between MS and controls while accounting for aerobic fitness. Aerobic fitness was measured as peak oxygen consumption on a recumbent stepper. cfPWV and AIx75 were measured using applanation tonometry. Persons with MS demonstrated lower aerobic fitness and higher cfPWV, but no difference in AIx75 compared with controls. The difference in cfPWV remained statistically significant after controlling for aerobic fitness, suggesting that arterial stiffness might reflect underlying pathophysiology processes of MS.
Beyond accuracy: The advantages of the k-nearest neighbor algorithm for hotel revenue management forecasting
Authors: Webb Timothy , Lee Misuk , Schwartz Zvi , Vouk Ira
Published: September 2023

Revenue management (RM) systems forecast demand and optimize prices to maximize a hotel’s revenue. The RM function operates in coordination between a system and an analyst. Systems provide recommendations while analysts review the forecasts and prices to approve or make subjective adjustments. In many cases the recommendations are a “black box” with little insight regarding how recommendations are derived. This article proposes the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm as a forecasting approach that can transition the “black box” to a “glass box.” The benefits of the k-NN are discussed in detail and compared with neural networks. The analysis is conducted on 35 hotels in partnership with a leading RM service provider. The results indicate similar performance for both techniques, leading to an important discussion on model evaluation outside of accuracy. In particular, the article discusses some of the unique advantages k-NN provides for the RM discipline.
The social robot? Analyzing whether and how the telepresence robot AV1 affords socialization
Authors: Nordtug Maja , Johannessen Lars EF
Published: September 2023

Telepresence robots are increasingly used in schools as a way of including students who are unable to be physically present in the classroom with other students. The use of such robots is intended not just to help students follow their education but also to serve a social purpose. However, the extent to which the robots actually afford socializing needs to be explored further. This article analyzes how, to what extent, for whom, and under what circumstances the telepresence robot AV1 affords social contact for the heterogenous group of homebound Norwegian upper secondary school students. Building on Jenny Davis’ mechanisms and conditions framework of affordances, we focus on how AV1 affords for different students in specific circumstances. Our analysis draws on interviews with 11 upper secondary school students in Norway and finds that individual traits and circumstances such as health issues and social networks are important aspects when assessing whether a technology affords socializing. Based on our findings, we argue for expanding the mechanisms and conditions framework to include not just its current focus on perception, dexterity, and cultural and institutional legitimacy, but also the users’ emotions.
Economic assessment of the impact of telecare on the use of social care resources using a zero-inflated, hierarchical linear statistical model
Authors: Moss Joe WE , Bracewell Josh , Waters Errol , Wright Dianne , Hex Nick
Published: September 2023

Introduction

There is an ever-increasing demand for social care in the UK, with expenditure predicted to double to £56 billion by 2038/39. Many councils are under budget restrictions putting pressure on the number of services provided and their quality. Telecare complements social care and involves the implementation of technology to keep individuals more independent.

Methods

This study utilised a retrospective time-series analysis of data provided by Lancashire County Council between the period January-2013 to March-2018. A generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to control for potential confounders. Two groups were identified: those using telecare (telecare group, n = 699) and those who did not (control group, n = 839).

Results

The fixed effects data showed that telecare group start £75 per week lower in cost and as time progressed this reduced further by 9p per service user per week. In contrast, control group costs rose 5p per week per user. This effect was independent of age but was affected by measure of dependency. Analysis was then utilised to make predictions based on weighted averages. The scenario showed a total difference of £4,949 per service user over the whole year. A second scenario pro-rata’d costs for the full year showed a difference of £6,214, where telecare would avoid costs of £17 million per year.

Discussion

This analysis demonstrates that there is evident potential for the use of telecare to reduce social care resource use and costs. This study also highlights the use of a GLMM as a novel method of analysing observed data by controlling confounders.
Statistical learning of L2 lexical bundles through unimodal, bimodal, and multimodal stimuli
Authors: Mirzaei Azizullah , Azizi Farsani Mahshid , Chang Heesun
Published: September 2023

Given the fundamental contribution of formulaic sequences to the fluent, natural second/foreign language (L2) use and processing, finding effective ways of improving learners’ formulaic language has increasingly engaged the attention of L2 practitioners. Focusing on lexical bundles (LBs), as the most frequent formulaic-language strings, the current quasi-experimental study examined statistical learning of recurring 3-to-6-word LBs among Iranian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) receiving different types of distributional, narrative sensory stimuli. To this end, three intact classes received a recurring-theme narrative content in three different input modalities including only-auditory, audiovisual, and captioned audiovisual. To examine whether exposure to statistical, varied-modality input (or sensory stimuli) constituted profound knowledge of L2 lexical bundles, the three experimental groups’ performances on immediate and delayed posttests were compared with those of a control group which received no purposefully distributional, modality-based stimuli. ANOVA results revealed that all the frequency-based modality inputs led to more sizeable LB gains. Further, multiple (captioned) audiovisual sensory stimuli more effectively fostered retention and recalling of the target LBs over time than only-auditory input. The retention differences between the bimodal and multimodal inputs were insignificant. Overall, the findings supported combined statistical, formulaic advantages for processing, retention, and recalling of L2 LBs through distributional, multimodal stimuli.
Evaluation of heating performances of different ventilation methods in an office
Authors: Li Teng , Essah Emmanuel A. , Wu Yuxin , Liao Chunhui , Cheng Yong
Published: September 2023

In this study, 12 cases were investigated in an office-layout room using experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The heating performances of four ventilation methods (i.e. mixing ventilation (MV), stratum ventilation (SV), deflection ventilation (DeV) and impinging jet ventilation (IJV)) were comprehensively compared by various evaluation indexes (i.e. predicted mean vote (PMV), draught rate (DR), vertical air temperature difference (△T), air diffusion performance index (ADPI), energy utilization coefficient (EUC), air change efficiency (ACE) and contaminant removal efficiency (CRE)). Better thermal comfort was found in rooms heated by SV and DeV. The PMV, DR and △T under SV and DeV complied with Category B of ISO 7730:2005, and the ADPI was in full compliance with the stipulation of ANSI/ASHRAE 113-2022. For the energy-saving characteristic, the targeted-occupied-zone ventilation methods (i.e. SV, DeV and IJV) can effectively deliver warm air to the occupied zone, with the EUC values higher than unity and thus providing a good potential for energy saving. SV and IJV showed slightly higher ACEs in the breathing zone. The contaminant removal effectiveness of SV, DeV and IJV was comparable. Under the combined influence of occupant thermal plumes and locations of exhausts, MV showed a high CRE. However, the CRE under MV decreased significantly when the exhausts were not above occupants. In the case of supply air parameters in this study, the entropy-weight method indicated that DeV and SV had a better overall performance for winter heating, followed by IJV and then MV.
Trauma-Informed Care Interventions Used in Pediatric Inpatient or Residential Treatment Mental Health Settings and Strategies to Implement Them: A Scoping Review
Authors: Stokes Yehudis , Lewis Krystina B. , Tricco Andrea C. , Hambrick Erin , Jacob Jean Daniel , Demery Varin Melissa , Gould Justine , Aggarwal Dhiraj , Cloutier Paula , Landriault Catherine , Greenham Stephanie , Ward Michelle , Kennedy Allison , Boggett Jennifer , Sheppard Roxanna , Murphy David , Robb Marjorie , Gandy Hazen , Lavergne Sonia , Graham Ian D.
Published: September 2023

Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an approach to care emerging in research and in practice that involves addressing the needs of individuals with histories of trauma. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the current literature relating to TIC interventions used in pediatric mental health inpatient and residential settings. We sought to answer the following two research questions: (a) What are the TIC interventions used in pediatric inpatient and residential treatment mental healthcare settings and what are their components? and (b) What are the implementation goals and strategies used with these TIC interventions? We conducted this scoping review according to JBI (formerly Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology for scoping reviews. We included any primary study describing a TIC intervention that was implemented at a specific site which identified and described implementation strategies used. Of 1,571 identified citations and 54 full-text articles located by handsearching, 49 met the eligibility criteria and were included, representing 21 distinct TIC interventions. We present the reported aim, ingredients, mechanism, and delivery (AIMD) of TIC interventions as well as the implementation goals and strategies used, which varied in detail, ranging from very little information to more detailed descriptions. In the context of these findings, we emphasize the complexity of TIC and of TIC interventions, and the importance of identifying and clearly reporting TIC intervention goals, intervention details, and implementation strategies. We suggest applying intervention frameworks or reporting guidelines to support clear and comprehensive reporting, which would better facilitate replication and synthesis of published TIC interventions.
Breaking Down Machismo: Shifting Definitions and Embodiments of Latino Manhood in Middle-Aged Latino Men
Authors: Valdez Luis A. , Jaeger Emily C. , Garcia David O. , Griffith Derek M.
Published: September 2023

There is a notable gap in empirical research regarding how Latino men define and demonstrate machismo, masculinity, and manhood as well as the behavioral consequences associated with these concepts. In our study, we employed a phenomenological thematic approach to analyze 20 semi-structured individual interviews conducted with Latino men residing in South Florida. Our primary objectives were twofold: to examine (1) how do Latino men ages 35 to 60 years describe what it means to be a man and (2) what are the attributes that these men seek to show others that demonstrate their character, cultural values, and gender identity. Findings suggest that Latino men understood expectations associated with machismo and explained that fulfillment of their role as provider, protector, and head of the family was important to their perception of self. While some participants reported a desire to embody characteristics associated with traditional machismo, others strived to demonstrate character, familism, and respect and to provide financial and other instrumental support to their families. Participants reported that their transition into middle age was accompanied by a shift in their perspectives on gender roles, moving away from rigid patriarchal views. Exposure to a more fluid and flexible approach to manhood offered relief from the pressures associated with inflexible manifestations of machismo, which can have negative social, behavioral, and physical health implications. The implications of our research extend to the conceptualization of gender ideals, highlighting the need to incorporate intersectionality, role strain, precarious manhood, and culturally specific notions of manhood as foundational elements in this discourse.
Total wrist arthroplasty with the Freedom® prosthesis: a short-term follow-up
Authors: Brown Matthew , Wharton Rupert , Begum Rumina , Trail Ian , Hayton Mike , Talwalkar Sumedh
Published: September 2023

We retrospectively reviewed our series of primary total wrist arthroplasty with the Freedom® prosthesis. The primary outcome measure was revision, and secondary measures included radiographic loosening, pain, complications, movement range, grip strength and patient-reported measures. We reviewed 12 implants in 11 patients (mean age 59 years, range 45–80) with a mean radiological and clinical follow-up of 2.7 and 3 years, respectively. One radial component failed to integrate and was revised at Day 84. Four carpal components demonstrated areas of lucency. There was a statistically significant reduction in pain, and total flexion–extension increased. Despite high patient satisfaction on a ten-point visual analogue scale score (mean 8.7 out of 10), the mean patient-rated wrist evaluation, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient Evaluation Measure scores were 52, 55 and 53, respectively. The Freedom® implant reduced pain and preserved wrist movement in our patients; however, annual surveillance is recommended due to the high incidence of early carpal component lucency.

Level of evidence: IV
An alternative treatment for degenerative triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries with distal radioulnar joint instability: first experience with 48 patients
Authors: Shaer Sanharib Al , van der Palen Job , Teunissen Joris , Fink Alexandra , van der Heijden Brigitte , Zöphel Oliver ,   The Hand Wrist Study Group
Published: September 2023

Treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome combined with distal radioulnar joint instability due to irreparable degenerative triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries can be complex. We describe the outcomes of a novel technique for restoring distal radioulnar stability due to ulnar impaction syndrome using a distally based extensor carpi ulnaris tendon strip combined with ulnar shortening osteotomy in 48 patients. Patients were assessed using standardized outcome measurements. The patient-rated wrist/hand evaluation total score improved from 66 (SD 15) at intake to 40 (SD 25) at 3 months, and 28 (SD 23) at 12 months postoperatively ( p < 0.001). Wrist extension and flexion improved significantly at 12 months from 53° (SD 11) to 65° (SD 8) ( p < 0.001) and from 45° (SD 10) to 56° (SD 12) ( p = 0.01), respectively. Adding a distally based longitudinal extensor carpi ulnaris strip to ulnar shortening osteotomy for restoring distal radioulnar joint stability seems to be an effective treatment in patients with irreparable degenerative triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries due to ulnar impaction syndrome.

 Level of evidence: IV
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of outcomes after total wrist arthroplasty in inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Chong Han Hong , Zabaglo Mate , Asif Aqua , Boksh Khalis , Kulkarni Kunal
Published: September 2023

This systematic review analysed the available evidence on the clinical outcomes of total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) in patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritis. After screening, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. They involved 359 patients with 378 TWA implants. The results showed that TWA significantly improved Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)/Quick-DASH scores and pain visual analogue scale scores in both arthritis groups compared with preoperative values. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the outcome scores between the two groups. Three studies reported Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, and TWA significantly improved PRWE scores in non-inflammatory arthritis but not in inflammatory arthritis, with no significant difference in postoperative outcome scores between the two groups. Although the included studies have limitations, the review suggests that TWA may be a successful treatment for wrist pain in individuals with either inflammatory or non-inflammatory arthritis. However, further high-quality trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Leadership Issues: Investigation of the Etiology of Curriculum Delivery in Rural Institutions of Learning
Authors: Uleanya Chinaza , Smith Vincent , Gamede Bongani Thulani
Published: September 2023

This study explored the factors affecting curriculum delivery as well as the way in which subject advisors deliver curriculum changes in selected rural schools in a selected education district in South Africa. Quantitative research was adopted for data collection. Questionnaires were administered to 17 educators, 35 school management team (SMT) members, and 165 subject advisors, who were purposively selected. The findings of the study show that non-involvement of educators in the curriculum planning phase, political instability, poor infrastructure, workload of educators, among other things, affect curriculum delivery, leading to curriculum change. The study recommends that educators be involved in and consulted during curriculum planning, and that political instability of the state not interfere with the planned curriculum guiding teaching and learning activities in the state. Adequate infrastructure should be provided to enhance teaching and learning activities, while more educators are recruited to reduce their workload.
Reanalysing the link between democracy and economic development
Authors: Pelke Lars
Published: September 2023

This article systematically reanalyses the long-run effects of democracy on economic prosperity by using new Varieties of Democracy and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita data for a panel data set between 1789 and 2019. Adopting (a) dynamic panel strategies controlling for country and year-fixed effects and (b) newly introduced matching methods for time-series cross-sectional data, the findings clearly indicate that democracy substantively increases economic development. My reanalysis of Acemoglu et al.'s seminal study indicates that in the long-run democracy has a positive average effect on GDP per capita of around 17% for the period between 1789 and 2019. Overall, the findings strengthen the existing literature by using a large sample of countries in the entire 19th and 20th centuries and measuring democracy and liberalization episodes in a more nuanced and rigorous fashion.
Outcomes After Meniscal Root Repair in Patients With and Without Advanced Patellofemoral Chondromalacia: Comparison at 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Murphy Sierra N. , Brinkman Joseph C. , Tummala Sailesh V. , Renfree Sean P. , Kemper Kacey J. , Economopoulos Kostas J.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Meniscal root repair can improve patient outcomes significantly; however, several contraindications exist, including arthritic change to the medial or lateral tibiofemoral compartments.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of meniscal root repair in patients with advanced patellofemoral chondromalacia (PFC). It was hypothesized that the presence of advanced PFC would not significantly affect the postoperative outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent meniscal root repair with at least 2 years of follow-up data. Patients with chondromalacia as determined by arthroscopic visualization (defined as Outerbridge grade 3 or 4) were placed in the PFC group; patients with Outerbridge grade 0 to 2 chondromalacia were placed in the non-PFC group. Outcomes were measured by the Lysholm knee scoring scale and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form. Clinical outcomes including complications were also recorded. Quantitative data between the groups were analyzed using the 2-tailed independent-samples t test.

Results:

Overall, this study included 81 patients (35 in the PFC group, 46 in the non-PFC group). The mean follow-up times were 25.1 months in the PFC group and 24.8 months in the non-PFC group. In both groups, Lysholm and IKDC scores improved significantly with 24-month Lysholm scores averaging 85.86 in the PFC group and 86.61 in the non-PFC group ( P = .62) and 24-month IKDC scores averaging 77.66 for the PFC group and 79.59 for the non-PFC group ( P = .45). The cohorts demonstrated similar rates of retear, arthrofibrosis, infection, and progression to total knee arthroplasty.

Conclusion:

The presence of advanced PFC was not associated with inferior outcomes in patients who underwent posterior meniscal root repair, and rates of recurrent tears, postoperative infection, arthrofibrosis, and conversion to total knee arthroplasty were similar between the study groups. These findings suggest that PFC may not significantly alter the results of meniscal root repair and should not be considered an absolute contraindication for this procedure.
Association of Medial Meniscus Root Tears and Nonroot Tears With Worsening of Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chambers Caitlin C. , Lynch John A. , Feeley Brian T. , Nevitt Michael C.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Medial meniscus root tears (RTs) are associated with the development and worsening of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but little is known about their progression when compared with meniscal tears that spare the root (nonroot tears; NRTs).

Purpose:

To compare radiographic worsening of OA in knees with RTs versus NRTs and to identify factors associated with radiographic worsening of OA in knees with RTs.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Using the Osteoarthritis Initiative database, we included knees with medial meniscus RTs and NRTs present at the baseline visit (baseline tears) and new RTs and NRTs observed at 12- to 48-month annual follow-up visits (incident tears). Worsening of radiographic OA was defined for baseline tears as an increase in Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG) during the subsequent 12 months of follow-up; for incident tears, worsening was defined as either concurrent (increase in KLG over the 12 months preceding tear appearance on magnetic resonance imaging) or subsequent (increase in KLG during the 12 months after tear appearance). Odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for covariates, were calculated for the association of worsening by type of tear.

Results:

Included were 39 knees with baseline RTs, 633 knees with baseline NRTs, 33 knees with incident RTs, and 234 knees with incident NRTs. Radiographic OA worsening subsequent to meniscal tear identification was no different for baseline RTs (15%) or baseline NRTs (14%; adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.52-3.47), nor did subsequent worsening differ for incident RTs (19%) versus incident NRTs (18%; adjusted OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.15-1.83). Concurrent radiographic OA worsening was seen at a significantly higher rate for incident RTs (64%) versus incident NRTs (21%; adjusted OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.21-7.47). Incident RTs in knees without radiographic OA (KLG 0-1) before the tear had a high rate of worsening (94%, n = 16) and were more likely to worsen than those in knees with radiographic OA (KLG ≥2) present before the tear.

Conclusion:

Compared with NRTs, incident RTs were associated with a significantly increased risk of worsening radiographic OA over a 12-month period concurrent with the appearance of the tear. Incident RTs in knees without radiographic OA at baseline had a high rate of worsening.
Impact of a Focused Online Teaching Module on Airway Intervention: Can an Online Teaching Module Enable Knowledge Acquisition and Increased Confidence in Airway Management?
Authors: Briggs Blake , Kalra Sarathi , Masneri David , Husain Iltifat
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

Teaching procedural skills via digital platforms is challenging. There is a paucity of literature on the feasibility of implementing an online asynchronous web-based learning (WBL) module for endotracheal intubation in Emergency Medicine. Learners completed a pre-test questionnaire prior to reviewing the module to assess their current knowledge. After completion of the online module, another assessment on airway management competency was completed. The purpose of our pilot study was to determine the feasibility of implementing an online airway module and investigate knowledge acquisition among learners who completed it. Additionally, we compared the relationship between pre-module confidence and knowledge between various training levels of those who completed the module.

METHODS

The study was IRB exempt. We conducted a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study, where learners took a multiple-choice question-based test before watching content module, and after completion of modules, they went on to complete post-test questions. All responses were collected using Google survey and the data were collected over a period of 6 months. We performed descriptive statistics for the pre- and post-module. Frequency distribution was used for data summarization and chi-square test was used to assess the difference between variables.

RESULTS

We received 366 responses in the pre-test module and 105 in post-test module. Responses were summarized into 5 broad categories which assessed knowledge about airway technique, anatomical landmarks, formulas for selecting blade size, tube size, depth of tube, and case-based scenarios. All questions showed a higher percentage of correct answers in the post-assessment compared to the pre-assessment.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrated that this WBL airway module resulted in significant knowledge acquisition, as well as increased confidence when approaching airway management. The study demonstrated that a WBL airway module is a feasible method of asynchronous education for healthcare providers in all levels of training.
Almarai Company: Regional Growth in the Arabian Gulf Market
Authors: Hanaysha Jalal Rajeh
Published: September 2023

Almarai is one of the well-known Fast Moving Consumer Goods brands in the region of Middle East, and is leading the market in majority of its product categories throughout the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). This case study aims to enrich our understanding about the success story of Almarai company in the GCC region. It focuses on analysing the dairy market in GCC and presenting SWOT analysis for the company. Additionally, this case study highlights the marketing mix strategies adopted by Almarai to maintain and grow its business in the GCC region. Finally, the key challenges faced by the dairy industry in the GCC region are presented. As a market leader in the region in dairy segment, the success of Almarai is attributed to its regular analysis of consumers’ demands and search of available options for introducing healthy items with high-quality nutritional values to satisfy their tastes and preferences. In order to achieve its vision, there is an emphasis on innovation at Almarai, and the company uses scientific methods to create new goods with the goal of expanding its product line and improving the lives of its customers.
Susceptibility Vessel Sign as a Predictor of Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Raj Aiswarya , Valappil Ashraf V. , Johny Paul , Alapatt Paul J. , Abdurehiman K. P. , Sreevidya L. K. , Basheer Noufal
Published: September 2023

Background

The susceptibility vessel sign (SVS), which can be seen on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), is typically described as a dark blooming artifact.

Objective

SVS, which can be seen on T2*-weighted gradient echo imaging, is typically described as a dark blooming artifact. The hypointense vessel’s diameter is thus larger on imaging than the opposing vessel’s diameter. We conducted a study to investigate the reliability of this sign on SWI in the principal intracranial arteries in 156 individuals with acute stroke and to assess the 3-month outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in these patients.

Results

Among the 106 patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), 73 patients demonstrated a positive SVS on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while 33 patients did not. Among the 50 patients without LVO, only 4 patients showed a false-positive SVS, while 46 patients showed a negative SVS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SVS as a screening tool were 67.05%, 90.7%, 93.65%, and 57.35% in anterior circulation LVO, and 77.8%, 100%, 100%, and 63.6% in posterior circulation LVO, respectively. The chi-square test showed p < .05, demonstrating a significant association. With a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of 2B or 3, 83.3% of SVS-positive patients had a successful recanalization, while 64.4% had an mRS score of less than 3.

Interpretation

SVS is a good screening tool for the presence of intracranial LVO, with good sensitivity, high specificity, and positive predictive value for LVO (posterior > anterior). SVS positivity may also indicate successful recanalization and a good 90-day mRS outcome.
Implementing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in Philadelphia: A 10-year evaluation
Authors: Last Briana S. , Johnson Christina , Dallard Natalie , Fernandez-Marcote Sara , Zinny Arturo , Jackson Kamilah , Cliggitt Lauren , Rudd Brittany N. , Mills Chynna , Beidas Rinad S.
Published: September 2023

Background: In 2012, Philadelphia's Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services (DBHIDS) developed an initiative to implement an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), across the city's behavioral health system. This report evaluates the initiative's 10-year implementation and effectiveness outcomes. Method: The Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment framework guided our implementation evaluation. The implementation outcomes include adoption, reach, and sustainment; these were obtained during regular evaluation data collection from publicly funded behavioral health agencies participating in the TF-CBT initiative. We analyze effectiveness outcomes (i.e., changes in PTSD symptoms) from a subset of patients receiving TF-CBT, which were collected in 6-month intervals by our research team between 2013 and 2021. Results: From 2012 to 2021, DBHIDS trained 478 clinicians in TF-CBT across 20 behavioral health agencies. During this time, 23,401 youths were screened for potentially traumatic events and PTSD symptoms, and 7,550 youths received TF-CBT. Through the TF-CBT initiative, the city expanded the network of TF-CBT providers from 3 to 20 agencies. DBHIDS sustained this network by maintaining the participation of 16 behavioral health agencies over the course of a decade. The subset of 202 youths who were evaluated to assess TF-CBT effectiveness was drawn from 94 therapists and 20 agencies across Philadelphia. All participating youths completed a baseline assessment, and 151 (75%) completed at least one follow-up assessment. Linear mixed-effects models accounting for observations nested within participants and nested within clinicians found that treatment significantly reduced PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Between 2012 and 2021, DBHIDS successfully implemented and sustained TF-CBT across the city's behavioral health system. Adoption, reach, and sustainment of TF-CBT were high. Despite the considerable adverse experiences faced by youths seeking treatment in Philadelphia's behavioral health system, TF-CBT was effective. Future directions to improve TF-CBT implementation in the next iteration of the initiative are described.
Unleashing the power of meta-knowledge: Towards cumulative learning in interpreter training
Authors: Xu Qiliang , Ouyang Qianhua
Published: September 2023

Research on interpreter training has pivoted around the equipment of trainees with skills and competences, whereas scant scholarly attention has been paid to the disciplinary knowledge of interpreting and its power in educational practice. This study defines the disciplinary knowledge of interpreting as a combination of both practical skills and meta-knowledge, with the latter entertaining epistemological power. Using the dimension of Semantics of the Legitimation Code Theory, this article focuses on how the meta-knowledge of interpreting is constructed and transferred among trainee interpreters to obtain epistemological power. The study first unravels how meta-knowledge of interpreting is expressed in training scenarios from a semantics perspective. This is followed by a case study on a memory training session of an undergraduate-level introductory interpreting course at a Conférence Internationale permanente d’Instituts Universitaires de Traducteurs et Interprètes (CIUTI) member institution in China. With discourse analysis as the main approach, teaching and learning discourse in various forms are examined to identify the semantic progression. Quantitative analysis is also performed where necessary to facilitate the discussions. The study’s findings show that the learners achieved cumulative learning through three stages of interactions with academic discourse premised on the intervention of the instructor. Implications for interpreter training as a social practice are also discussed.
CD5 B-Cell Predominant Primary Immunodeficiency: Part of the Spectrum of MAGT1 Deficiency
Authors: Rowane Marija J. , Stewart-Bates Benjamin C. , Doll Rayna J. , Meyerson Howard J. , Venglarcik John S. , Callahan Meghan , Fill Lauren , Saab Remie , Ochs Hans D. , Hostoffer Robert W.
Published: September 2023

Background

Selective anti-polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD) with CD5 B-cell predominance and autoimmune phenomena was identified in a male cohort first reported by Antall et al in 1999. The phenotypically likewise and genotypically identical X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein–Barr Virus infection, and neoplasia (XMEN) disease was defined as a novel primary immunodeficiency (PID) in 2011. Recent studies of the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene mutation reveal glycosylation defects contributing to more phenotypic variance than the “XMEN” title pathologies. The updated title, “X-linked MAGT1 deficiency with increased susceptibility to EBV-infection and N-linked glycosylation defect,” was proposed in 2020.

Objectives

To reflect the patient population more accurately, a prospective classification update may consider MAGT1 glycobiological errors contributing to phenotypic variance but also pre-genetic testing era reports with CD5 B-cell predominance.

Methods

Patient 1 from Antall et al presented at 28 years of age for further immunological evaluation of his CD5/CD19 B-cell predominance diagnosed at 5 years old.

Design

Immune re-evaluation done through flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing.

Results

Flow cytometry B-cell phenotyping revealed persistent CD5+CD19+ (93%). Flow cytometric histogram quantified reduced activator CD16+CD56+ natural killer and CD8+ T-cell receptor, Group 2, Member D (NKG2D) glycoprotein expression. A c.923-1_934 deletion loss of function mutation was identified in the MAGT1 gene.

Conclusion

We suggest the novel PID XMEN, based on its CD5 B-cell predominance, had been discovered and reported over a decade earlier as CD5+ PID based on the MAGT1 mutation found in the same. We encourage consideration of combining these labels and recent findings to offer the most accurate classification of this disease.
High performance photocatalyst TiO2@UiO-66 applied to degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Chang Xue , Wei Fang , Lv Zixiao , Liu Huiling , Li Zhan , Wu Wangsuo , Qian Lijuan
Published: September 2023

MOFs have considerable adsorption capacity due to their huge specific surface area. They have the characteristics of photocatalysts for their organic ligands can absorb photons and produce electrons. In this paper, the photodegradation properties of TiO2 composites loaded with UiO-66 were investigated for the first time for MO. A series of TiO2@UiO-66 composites with different contents of TiO2 were prepared by a solvothermal method. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) was performed using a high-pressure mercury lamp as the UV light source. The effects of TiO2 loading, catalyst dosage, pH value, and MO concentration were investigated. The results showed that the degradation of MO by TiO2@UiO-66 could reach 97.59% with the addition of only a small amount of TiO2 (5 wt%). TiO2@UiO-66 exhibited significantly enhanced photoelectron transfer capability and inhibited efficient electron–hole recombination compared to pure TiO2 in MO degradation. The composite catalyst indicated good stability and reusability when they were recycled three times, and the photocatalytic reaction efficiencies were 92.54%, 88.76%, and 86.90%. The results provide a new option to design stable, high-efficiency MOF-based photocatalysts.
Comparative genomic analysis of two Arctic Pseudomonas strains reveals insights into the aerobic denitrification in cold environments
Authors: Hu Yong-Qiang , Zeng Yin-Xin , Du Yu , Zhao Wei , Li Hui-Rong , Han Wei , Hu Ting , Luo Wei
Published: September 2023

Background

Biological denitrification has been commonly adopted for the removal of nitrogen from sewage effluents. However, due to the low temperature during winter, microorganisms in the wastewater biological treatment unit usually encounter problems such as slow cell growth and low enzymatic efficiency. Hence, the isolation and screening of cold-tolerant aerobic denitrifying bacteria (ADB) have recently drawn attention. In our previous study, twoPseudomonasstrains PMCC200344 and PMCC200367 isolated from Arctic soil demonstrated strong denitrification ability at low temperatures. The two Arctic strains show potential for biological nitrogen removal from sewage in cold environments. However, the genome sequences of these two organisms have not been reported thus far.

Results

Here, the basic characteristics and genetic diversity of strains PMCC200344 and PMCC200367 were described, together with the complete genomes and comparative genomic results. The genome ofPseudomonassp. PMCC200344 was composed of a circular chromosome of 6,478,166 bp with a G + C content of 58.60% and contained a total of 5,853 genes. The genome ofPseudomonassp. PMCC200367 was composed of a circular chromosome of 6,360,061 bp with a G + C content of 58.68% and contained 5,801 genes. Not only prophages but also genomic islands were identified in the twoPseudomonasstrains. No plasmids were observed. All genes of a complete set of denitrification pathways as well as various putative cold adaptation and heavy metal resistance genes in the genomes were identified and analyzed. These genes were usually detected on genomic islands in bacterial genomes.

Conclusions

These analytical results provide insights into the genomic basis of microbial denitrification in cold environments, indicating the potential of ArcticPseudomonasstrains in nitrogen removal from sewage effluents at low temperatures.
Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases
Authors: Pei Gaiqin , Liu Rui , Wang Lu , He Chengqi , Fu Chenying , Wei Quan
Published: September 2023

Background

Whether the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is associated with the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is inconclusive.

Methods

Patients with CAD were enrolled and their data were collected. Blood was sampled within 24 h after admission. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the MHR and all-cause mortality as well as complications during hospitalization.

Results

We included 5371 patients in our cohort study. Among them, 114 (2.12%) patients died in hospital. MHR was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35, 2.42), cardiovascular mortality (1.69; 1.17, 2.45) and non-cardiovascular mortality (2.04; 1.27, 3.28). This association was only observed in patients with hypertension (P for interaction = 0.003). Patients with higher MHR levels also have a higher risk of complications, including infection, pneumonia, electrolyte disturbance, gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and disturbance of consciousness. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the MHR had higher prognostic values than monocytes and high-density lipoprotein.

Conclusion

MHR was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and in-hospital complications in patients with CAD, especially in patients with hypertension.
Evaluation of left ventricular dysfunction by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and bioinformatics analysis of circulating exosomal miRNA in obese patients
Authors: Wan Fuxin , Ma Xin , Wang Jiana , An Zhaohui , Xue Jiewen , Wang Qin
Published: September 2023

Background

Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects the human population. This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in obese patients with three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) and investigate the possible related mechanisms at the exosomal miRNA level.

Methods

In total, 43 participants (16 obese patients and 27 healthy volunteers) were enrolled. All subjects underwent full conventional echocardiography as well as 3D-STE. Characterization and high-throughput sequencing for the isolated circulating exosomes and the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were screened for target gene prediction and enrichment analysis.

Results

Obese patients had significantly lower global longitudinal strain (GLS) (-20.80%±3.10% vs. -14.77%±2.05%, P < 0.001), global circumferential strain (GCS) (-31.63%±3.89% vs. -25.35%±5.66%, P = 0.001), global radial strain (GRS) (43.21%±4.89% vs. 33.38%±3.47%, P < 0.001), and indexed LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) [38.07mL/m2 (27.82mL/m2–9.57mL/m2) vs. 24.79mL/m2 (21.97mL/m2–30.73mL/m2), P = 0.002] than healthy controls. GLS (ρ = 0.610, P < 0.001), GCS (ρ = 0.424, P = 0.005), and GRS (ρ = -0.656, P < 0.001) indicated a moderate relationship with body mass index (BMI). In obese patients, 33 exosomal miRNAs were up-regulated and 26 exosomal miRNAs were down-regulated when compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). These DEMs possibly contribute to obesity-associated LV dysfunction through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Important miRNAs, including miR-101-3p, miR-140-3p, and miR-99a-5p, have clinical utility in predicting early obesity-related myocardial injury.

Conclusions

The global strain obtained from 3D-STE can sensitively detect the decrease in LV myocardial function in obese patients. Key miRNAs and pathways provide a new theoretical basis and targets of action for studying obesity-induced LV dysfunction.

Trial registration

In accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of a clinical trial, this study does not include human health-related interventions. This study was carried out at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University after obtaining institutional ethical approval (KYLL-2022-0556) and written informed consent from all participants.
Fatal BK polyomavirus-associated pneumonia: report of two cases with literature review
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Fang Yiling , Yan Ziyan , Xia Renfei , Zeng Wenli , Deng Wenfeng , Xu Jian , Feng Xiaoqin , Peng Jie , Miao Yun
Published: September 2023

Background

In immunocompromised populations, such as patients with AIDS and recipients of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants, BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can reactivate and cause several diseases, which can lead to death in their severe forms. Unlike hemorrhagic cystitis and BKPyV-associated nephropathy, BKPyV-associated pneumonia is rare, with only seven known cases worldwide. However, the disease can rapidly progress with extremely high mortality.

Case presentation

Herein, we report two cases of BKPyV-associated pneumonia following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Both patients had consistent infectious pneumonia and graft-versus-host disease after stem cell transplantation. The diagnosis of BKPyV-associated pneumonia was confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction after the sudden worsening of the pulmonary infection signs and symptoms concomitant with renal dysfunction and systemic immune weakening. Both patients eventually died of systemic multi-organ failure caused by severe pneumonia.

Conclusions

Currently, BKPyV reactivation cannot be effectively prevented. Immunocompromised patients must actively manage their primary lung infections, pay close attention to pulmonary signs and imaging changes. Especially during and after steroid pulse therapy or immunosuppressive therapy for graft versus host diseases, BKPyV load in blood/urine needs to be regularly measured, and the immunosuppressive intensity should be adjusted properly after the BKPyV reactivation diagnosis. Clinical trials of new antiviral drugs and therapies for BKPyV are urgently needed.
Strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems: a scoping review
Authors: Do Phu Cong , Assefa Yibeltal Alemu , Batikawai Suliasi Mekerusa , Reid Simon Andrew
Published: September 2023

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global public health crisis. Surveillance is a fundamental component in the monitoring and evaluation of AMR mitigation endeavours. The primary aim of the scoping review is to identify successes, barriers, and gaps in implementing AMR surveillance systems and utilising data from them.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched systematically to identify literature pertaining to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of AMR surveillance systems. A thematic analysis was conducted where themes within the literature were inductively grouped based on the described content.

Results

The systematic search yielded 639 journal articles for screening. Following deduplication and screening, 46 articles were determined to be appropriate for inclusion. Generally, most studies focused on human AMR surveillance (n = 38, 82.6%). Regionally, there was equal focus on low- and middle-income countries (n = 7, 15.2%) and trans-national contexts (n = 7, 14.5%). All included articles (n = 46, 100.0%) discussed barriers to either implementing or utilising AMR surveillance systems. From the scoping review, 6 themes emerged: capacity for surveillance, data infrastructure, policy, representativeness, stakeholder engagement, and sustainability. Data infrastructure was most frequently discussed as problematic in evaluation of surveillance systems (n = 36, 75.0%). The most frequent success to surveillance system implementation was stakeholder engagement (n = 30, 65.2%).

Conclusions

Experiences of AMR surveillance systems are diverse across contexts. There is a distinct separation of experiences between systems with emerging surveillance systems and those with established systems. Surveillance systems require extensive refinement to become representative and meet surveillance objectives.