bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plot and Character in Chartist Historiography
Authors: Sanders Michael
Published: November 2018

Chartist historiography is inevitably inflected by the political desires of its
authors. This desire, combined with the contingent nature of history, imparts a
fictive dimension to Chartist historiography. In support of these claims, this
article applies the literary concepts of plot and character to Mark
Hovell’s The Chartist Movement (1918). It argues that
Hovell’s political desire leads him to construct a tragic and entropic
plot for Chartism, which is often contradicted by his own assessment of the
movement’s vitality. Similarly, Hovell’s plotting is also driven
by his reading of Chartism as a conflict between two characters, a flawed hero
(Lovett) and a villain (O’Connor). The article closes with a close
reading of Hovell’s characterisation of O’Connor, which
demonstrates the skill with which he interweaves fact and interpretation.
Computer-aided autotransplantation of teeth with 3D printed surgical guides and arch bar: a preliminary experience
Authors: He Wei , Tian Kaiyue , Xie Xiaoyan , Wang Enbo , Cui Nianhui
Published: November 2018

Background/Aim

Autotransplantation of teeth is a method to restore the missing teeth and computer-aided techniques have been applied in this field. The aim of this study was to describe a novel approach for computer-aided autotransplantation of teeth and to preliminarily assess its feasibility, accuracy, and stability.

Methods

Eight wisdom teeth with complete root formation of eight adult patients were autotransplanted. Individual replicas of donor teeth with local splints, surgical templates, and arch bars were virtually designed and fabricated using three-dimensional printing, these were then applied in the autotransplantation surgeries. Clinical and radiological outcomes were observed, the extra-alveolar time, success rate, and 1-year survival rate were analyzed, and accuracy and stability of this approach were evaluated.

Results

The extra-alveolar time of donor teeth were less than 3 min. The average follow-up duration was 2.00 ± 1.06 years. All autotransplanted teeth showed normal masticatory function. Ankylosis was found in one patient, and the overall success rate was 87.5%, whereas the 1-year survival rate was 100%. Linear differences between the designed and the immediate autotransplanted positions at crowns and apexes of the donor teeth were 1.43 ± 0.57 and 1.77 ± 0.67 mm, respectively. Linear differences between immediate and the stable positions at crowns and apexes of the donor teeth were 0.66 ± 0.36 and 0.67 ± 0.48 mm, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study illustrated the feasibility, clinical satisfied accuracy, and stability of a novel approach for computer-aided autotransplantation of teeth. This new approach facilitated the surgical procedure and might be a viable and predictable method for autotransplantation of teeth.
Heavier- and lighter-load isolated lumbar extension resistance training produce similar strength increases, but different perceptual responses, in healthy males and females
Authors: Fisher James P. , Stuart Charlotte , Steele James , Gentil Paulo , Giessing Jürgen
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Muscles dominant in type I muscle fibres, such as the lumbar extensors, are often trained using lighter loads and higher repetition ranges. However, literature suggests that similar strength adaptations can be attained by the use of both heavier- (HL) and lighter-load (LL) resistance training across a number of appendicular muscle groups. Furthermore, LL resistance exercise to momentary failure might result in greater discomfort.

Design

The aims of the present study were to compare strength adaptations, as well as perceptual responses of effort (RPE-E) and discomfort (RPE-D), to isolated lumbar extension (ILEX) exercise using HL (80% of maximum voluntary contraction; MVC) and LL (50% MVC) in healthy males and females.

Methods

Twenty-six participants (n = 14 males, n = 12 females) were divided in to sex counter-balanced HL (23 ± 5 years; 172.3 ± 9.8 cm; 71.0 ± 13.1 kg) and LL (22 ± 2 years; 175.3 ± 6.3 cm; 72.8 ± 9.5 kg) resistance training groups. All participants performed a single set of dynamic ILEX exercise 1 day/week for 6 weeks using either 80% (HL) or 50% (LL) of their MVC to momentary failure.

Results

Analyses revealed significant pre- to post-intervention increases in isometric strength for both HL and LL, with no significant between-group differences (p > 0.05). Changes in strength index (area under torque curves) were 2,891 Nm degrees 95% CIs [1,612–4,169] and 2,865 Nm degrees 95% CIs [1,587–4,144] for HL and LL respectively. Changes in MVC were 51.7 Nm 95% CIs [24.4–79.1] and 46.0 Nm 95% CIs [18.6–73.3] for HL and LL respectively. Mean repetitions per set, total training time and discomfort were all significantly higher for LL compared to HL (26 ± 8 vs. 8 ± 3 repetitions, 158.5 ± 47 vs. 50.5 ± 15 s, and 7.8 ± 1.8 vs. 4.8 ± 2.5, respectively; all p < 0.005).

Conclusions

The present study supports that that low-volume, low-frequency ILEX resistance exercise can produce similar strength increases in the lumbar extensors using either HL or LL. As such personal trainers, trainees and strength coaches can consider other factors which might impact acute performance (e.g. effort and discomfort during the exercise). This data might prove beneficial in helping asymptomatic persons reduce the risk of low-back pain, and further research, might consider the use of HL exercise for chronic low-back pain symptomatic persons.
Skin friction resistance of expansion steel pipe piles in sandy soils
Authors: Kuroyanagi Nobuyuki , Ito Atsushi , Matsubara Shigeo , Naito Yasuo , Tominaga Koji
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the use of expansion steel pipe piles for the reinforcement of relatively loose (sandy) soil under small building foundations. The expansion steel pipe piles used in this study are frequently used as rock bolts in tunnel excavation in Europe. The diameter of these pipes expands from 36 to 54 mm through the application of high‐pressure water. In this study, field load tests confirm the reinforcement effect of expansion steel pipe piles. The results can be summarized as follows: (a) The region of the surrounding soil compressed by the expansion of the piles is approximately 8 times (450 mm) the pipe diameter, as measured from the pile center. (b) The maximum friction resistance of the expansion steel pipe piles is approximately 3 times greater than that of conventional steel pipes with the same diameter. (c) The finite cavity expansion theory was used to estimate the maximum friction resistance, and the analytical results correlate strongly with the field test results.
A dosimetric analysis of a spine SBRT specific treatment planning system
Authors: Saenz Daniel L. , Crownover Richard , Stathakis Sotirios , Papanikolaou Niko
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The Brainlab Elements treatment planning system utilizes distinct modules for treatment planning specific to stereotactic treatment sites including single or multiple brain lesions as well as spine. This work investigates the hypothesis that an optimization tailored specifically to spine can in fact create dosimetrically superior plans to those created in more general use treatment planning systems (TPS).

Methods

Ten spine patients at our institution were replanned in Brainlab Elements, Phillips Pinnacle3, and Elekta Monaco. The planning target volume (PTV) included the vertebral body (in either the thoracic or lumbar spine), pedicles, and transverse processes. In all plans, the target was prescribed 20 Gy to 95% of the PTV. Objectives for the study included D5%<25 Gy and spinal cord D0.035cc < 14 Gy. Plans were evaluated by the satisfaction of the objectives as well total monitor units (MU), gradient index (GI), conformity index (CI), and dose gradient (distance between 100% and 50% isodose lines) in a selected slice between the vertebral body and spinal cord.

Results

All TPS produced clinically acceptable plans. The sharpest dose gradient was achieved with Elements (mean 3.3 ± 0.2 mm). This resulted in lowest spinal cord maximum point doses (6.6 ± 1.0 Gy). Gradient indices were also the smallest for Elements (3.6 ± 0.5). Further improvement in gradient index and spinal cord sparing were not performed due to the subsequent violation of the PTV D5% < 25 Gy constraint or the loss of conformity due to the loss of coverage at the PTV‐spinal canal interface.

Conclusions

Brainlab Elements planning which relies on arc duplication to specifically optimize for spine anatomy did result in dosimetrically superior plans while holding prescription levels constant. While any planning system can improve upon specific dosimetric objectives, the simultaneous satisfaction of all constraints was best achieved with Brainlab Elements.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of stroke patients with p.R544C NOTCH3 mutation in Taiwan
Authors: Tang Sung‐Chun , Chen Yih‐Ru , Chi Nai‐Fang , Chen Chih‐Hao , Cheng Yu‐Wen , Hsieh Fang‐I , Hsieh Yi‐Chen , Yeh Hsu‐Ling , Sung Pi‐Shan , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Chern Chang‐Ming , Lin Huey‐Juan , Lien Li‐Ming , Peng Giia‐Sheun , Chiou Hung‐Yi , Jeng Jiann‐Shing
Published: November 2018

Objective

Features of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarct and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by NOTCH3 mutations vary between ethnicities and regions. In Taiwan, more than 70% of CADASIL patients carry the mutation hot spot of p.R544C. We investigated the prevalence of NOTCH3 p.R544C mutation in stroke patients in Taiwan.

Methods

This prospective, multicenter study recruited acute stroke patients within 10 days of symptom onset. The p.R544C mutation was identified by polymerase chain reaction with confronting two‐pair primers and sequencing. Clinical parameters, vascular risk factors, stroke subtypes, and stroke outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Of the 1970 stroke patients (mean age 61.1 ± 13.6 years, male 69.5%) included, 1705 (86.5%) had ischemic stroke and 265 (13.5%) had intracerebral hemorrhage. The prevalence of p.R544C in the study population was 2.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1–3.5%). The prevalence was highest in patients with small vessel occlusion type of ischemic stroke (5.6%), followed by intracerebral hemorrhage (5.3%), and infarct of undetermined etiology (2.7%), and was low in patients with cardioembolism (0.8%) and large artery atherosclerosis (0.7%). All p.R544C patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were nonlobar hemorrhage. Sibling history of stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 4.50, 95% CI = 1.67–12.14 in ischemic stroke; OR = 6.03, 95% CI = 1.03–35.47 in intracerebral hemorrhage, respectively) and small vessel occlusion (OR, 4.03, 95% CI, 1.26–12.92) were significantly associated with p.R544C.

Interpretation

p.R544C NOTCH3 mutation is underdiagnosed in stroke patients in Taiwan, especially in those with small vessel occlusion and sibling history of stroke.
An Electron/Ion Dual‐Conductive Alloy Framework for High‐Rate and High‐Capacity Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Chunpeng , Xie Hua , Ping Weiwei , Fu Kun , Liu Boyang , Rao Jiancun , Dai Jiaqi , Wang Chengwei , Pastel Glenn , Hu Liangbing
Published: November 2018

The solid‐state Li battery is a promising energy‐storage system that is both safe and features a high energy density. A main obstacle to its application is the poor interface contact between the solid electrodes and the ceramic electrolyte. Surface treatment methods have been proposed to improve the interface of the ceramic electrolytes, but they are generally limited to low‐capacity or short‐term cycling. Herein, an electron/ion dual‐conductive solid framework is proposed by partially dealloying the Li–Mg alloy anode on a garnet‐type solid‐state electrolyte. The Li–Mg alloy framework serves as a solid electron/ion dual‐conductive Li host during cell cycling, in which the Li metal can cycle as a Li‐rich or Li‐deficient alloy anode, free from interface deterioration or volume collapse. Thus, the capacity, current density, and cycle life of the solid Li anode are improved. The cycle capability of this solid anode is demonstrated by cycling for 500 h at 1 mA cm−2, followed by another 500 h at 2 mA cm−2 without short‐circuiting, realizing a record high cumulative capacity of 750 mA h cm−2 for garnet‐type all‐solid‐state Li batteries. This alloy framework with electron/ion dual‐conductive pathways creates the possibility to realize high‐energy solid‐state Li batteries with extended lifespans.
Magnetoelectric Radical Hydrocarbons
Authors: Guan Ying‐Shi , Zhong Guohua , Hu Yong , Cannella Anthony F. , Li Changning , Lee Namhoon , Jia Quanxi , Lacy David C. , Ren Shenqiang
Published: November 2018

The molecular radicals, systems with unpaired electrons of open‐shell electronic structures, set the stage for a multidisciplinary science frontier relevant to the cooperative magnetic exchange interaction and magnetoelectric effect. Here ferroelectricity together with magnetic spin exchange coupling in molecular radical hydrocarbon solids is reported, representing a new class of magnetoelectrics. Electronic correlation through radical–radical interactions plays a decisive role in the coupling between magnetic and charge orders. A substantial photoconductance and visible‐light photovoltaic effect are found in radical hydrocarbons. The ability to simultaneously control and retrieve the changes in magnetic and electrical responses opens up a new breadth of applications, such as radical magnetoelectrics, magnets, and optoelectronics.
3D Cultures of Parkinson's Disease‐Specific Dopaminergic Neurons for High Content Phenotyping and Drug Testing
Authors: Bolognin Silvia , Fossépré Marie , Qing Xiaobing , Jarazo Javier , Ščančar Janez , Moreno Edinson Lucumi , Nickels Sarah L. , Wasner Kobi , Ouzren Nassima , Walter Jonas , Grünewald Anne , Glaab Enrico , Salamanca Luis , Fleming Ronan M. T. , Antony Paul M. A. , Schwamborn Jens C.
Published: November 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD)‐specific neurons, grown in standard 2D cultures, typically only display weak endophenotypes. The cultivation of PD patient‐specific neurons, derived from induced pluripotent stem cells carrying the LRRK2‐G2019S mutation, is optimized in 3D microfluidics. The automated image analysis algorithms are implemented to enable pharmacophenomics in disease‐relevant conditions. In contrast to 2D cultures, this 3D approach reveals robust endophenotypes. High‐content imaging data show decreased dopaminergic differentiation and branching complexity, altered mitochondrial morphology, and increased cell death in LRRK2‐G2019S neurons compared to isogenic lines without using stressor agents. Treatment with the LRRK2 inhibitor 2 (Inh2) rescues LRRK2‐G2019S‐dependent dopaminergic phenotypes. Strikingly, a holistic analysis of all studied features shows that the genetic background of the PD patients, and not the LRRK2‐G2019S mutation, constitutes the strongest contribution to the phenotypes. These data support the use of advanced in vitro models for future patient stratification and personalized drug development.
Unmasking familial CPX by WES and identification of novel clinical signs
Authors: Demeer Bénédicte , Revencu Nicole , Helaers Raphael , Devauchelle Bernard , François Geneviève , Bayet Bénédicte , Vikkula Miikka
Published: November 2018

Mutations in the T‐Box transcription factor gene TBX22 are found in X‐linked Cleft Palate with or without Ankyloglossia syndrome (CPX syndrome). In addition to X‐linked inheritance, ankyloglossia, present in the majority of CPX patients, is an important diagnostic marker, but it is frequently missed or unreported, as it is a “minor” feature. Other described anomalies include cleft lip, micro and/or hypodontia, and features of CHARGE syndrome. We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on 22 individuals from 17 “a priori” non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) families. We filtered the data for heterozygous pathogenic variants within a set of predefined candidate genes. Two canonical splice‐site mutations were found in TBX22. Detailed re‐phenotyping of the two probands and their families unravelled orofacial features previously not associated with the CPX phenotypic spectrum: choanal atresia, Pierre‐Robin sequence, and overgrowths on the posterior edge of the hard palate, on each side of the palatal midline. This study emphasizes the importance of WES analysis in familial CLP cases, combined with deep (reverse) phenotyping in “a priori” non‐syndromic clefts.
Atypical presentation of pediatric BRAF RASopathy with acute encephalopathy
Authors: Pezzani Lidia , Marchetti Daniela , Cereda Anna , Caffi Lorella G. , Manara Ornella , Mamoli Daniela , Pezzoli Laura , Lincesso Anna R. , Perego Loredana , Pellicioli Isabella , Bonanomi Ezio , Salvoni Laura , Iascone Maria
Published: November 2018

We report a 9‐year‐old girl with hypotonia, severe motor delay, absent speech, and facial dysmorphism who developed acute encephalopathy with severe neurological outcome. Trio‐based whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis detected a de novo heterozygous mutation in the BRAF gene leading to the diagnosis of an atypical presentation of cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome. This is the second case of CFC syndrome complicated with acute encephalopathy reported in the literature and supports the hypothesis that acute encephalopathy might be one of the complications of the syndrome due to an intrinsic susceptibility to this acute event. The report furthermore highlights the role of WES in providing a fast diagnosis in patients in critical conditions with atypical presentation of rare genetic syndromes.
First reported adult patient with TARP syndrome: A case report
Authors: Højland Allan T. , Lolas Ihab , Okkels Henrik , Lautrup Charlotte K. , Diness Birgitte R. , Petersen Michael B. , Nielsen Irene K.
Published: November 2018

TARP syndrome (talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect, Robin sequence, and persistence of the left superior vena cava) is a rare X‐linked syndrome often resulting in pre‐ or post‐natal lethality in affected males. In 2010,RBM10was identified as the disease‐causing gene, and we describe the first adult patient with TARP syndrome at age 28 years, hereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum. Our patient had Robin sequence, atrial septal defect, intellectual disability, scoliosis, and other findings previously associated with TARP syndrome. In addition, he had a prominent nose and nasal bridge, esotropia, displacement of lacrimal points in the cranial direction, small teeth, and chin dimple, which are the findings that have not previously been associated with TARP syndrome. Our patient was found to carry a hemizygous c.273_283delinsARBM10mutation in exon 4, an exon skipped in three of five protein‐coding transcripts, suggesting a possible explanation for our patient surviving to adulthood. Direct sequencing of maternal DNA indicated possible mosaicism, which was confirmed by massive parallel sequencing. One of two sisters were heterozygous for the mutation. Therefore, we recommend sisters of patients with TARP syndrome be carrier tested before family planning regardless of carrier testing results of the mother. Based on our patient and previously reported patients, we suggest TARP syndrome be considered as a possible diagnosis in males with severe or profound intellectual disability combined with septal heart defect, and Robin sequence, micrognathia, or cleft palate.
Japanese patient with Cole‐carpenter syndrome with compound heterozygous variants of SEC24D
Authors: Takeyari Shinji , Kubota Takuo , Miyata Kei , Yamamoto Kenichi , Nakayama Hirofumi , Yamamoto Keiko , Ohata Yasuhisa , Kitaoka Taichi , Yanagi Kumiko , Kaname Tadashi , Ozono Keiichi
Published: November 2018

Cole‐Carpenter syndrome is a rare skeletal dysplasia associated with low‐bone mass or an osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)‐like syndrome. Only 3 and 6 variants in SEC24D have been reported in patients with Cole‐Carpenter syndrome type 2 and autosomal recessive OI, respectively. We describe a 15‐year‐old Japanese boy with short stature of the short‐trunk type and craniofacial abnormalities including ocular proptosis, marked frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, and micrognathia. These features were consistent with a diagnosis of Cole‐Carpenter syndrome. He had low‐bone mineral density and basilar impression. Whole exome sequencing analysis identified biallelic variants in SEC24D (p.Arg484* and p.Arg313His) in the patient. We will report a patient with compound heterozygous variants of SEC24D causing Cole‐Carpenter syndrome type 2.
Silver‐Nanowire‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Carbon Dioxide, Amines and Propargylic Alcohols for the Synthesis of β‐Oxopropyl Carbamates
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xiong Wenfang , Deng Xiulong , Zhou Xuan , Qi Chaorong , Hu Jianqiang
Published: November 2018

Both one‐dimensional silver nanowires(AgNWs) and spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized with good dispersity and uniformity. In the presence of 4,4′‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), the Ag NWs could catalyze the three‐component coupling of carbon dioxide, secondary amines, and propargylic alcohols efficiently, furnishing a range of structurally diverse β‐oxopropyl carbamatesin good to excellent yields, whereas the Ag NPs had a lower catalytic activity under similar reaction conditions. Moreover, the Ag NWs could be recycled and reused at least up to four times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Secular trends in growth in the high‐altitude district of Nuñoa, Peru 1964–2015
Authors: Hoke Morgan K. , Leatherman Thomas L.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Nuñoa, Peru has been the site of anthropological research on human adaptability, growth, and health since the 1960s. Previous studies documented a nascent secular trend in growth between 1964 and 1984. However, no secular trend was evident when the population was re‐examined in 1999, following an intervening period of sociopolitical upheaval. Subsequently, the region experienced considerable economic development reflected in secular increases in height. We seek to evaluate trends in growth and BMI among Nuñoan children over 50 years.

Materials and methods

Anthropometric data for 929 children collected in 2015 are compared with anthropometric data for 394 children from 1964, 912 children from 1984, and 292 children from 1999. The data were converted to z‐scores using the WHO 2007 growth standards. anova is used to evaluate rates of stunting, underweight, overweight, and obesity across the study periods.

Results

We observe small increases in stature and weight between the 1960s and 1980s, almost no change between the 1980s and 1990s and statistically significant reductions in stunting and increases in height between the 1990s and 2015.

Discussion

There were relatively small differences in stature and weight and a high incidence of stunting between 1964 and 1999 attributed to extremely poor economic and health conditions. A large secular increase in height (7–8 cm on average) and consequent reduction in rates of stunting between 1999 and 2015 occurred due to improved social and economic conditions. In addition to political stabilization, enhanced infrastructure, social aid programs, improved healthcare, and economic expansion contribute to these trends.
Anti‐leukemic and anti‐angiogenic effects of d‐Limonene on K562‐implanted C57BL/6 mice and the chick chorioallantoic membrane model
Authors: Shah Bhavini B. , Baksi Ruma , Chaudagar Kiranj K. , Nivsarkar Manish , Mehta Anita A.
Published: November 2018

Background

d‐Limonene, a monoterpene from citrus fruit has been found to have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in various types of cancers. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo effect of d‐Limonene on a K562‐induced model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in C57BL/6 mice.

Method

The tail vein injection model of K562 cells in immunocompromised C57BL/6 mice was developed and evaluated for characteristics of the disease. The mice were treated with d‐Limonene and evaluated for haematological parameters. We also evaluated the effect of d‐Limonene on angiogenesis using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.

Results

In a complete blood count, a significant dose‐dependent reduction in white blood cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, but an elevation in red blood cell count and haemoglobin content was observed with d‐Limonene treatment compared to the disease control or untreated group. In the CAM assay, d‐Limonene produced a significant dose‐dependent reduction in number of blood vessels in treatment groups compared to the vehicle‐treated group.

Conclusion

These studies suggest promising anti‐leukemic and anti‐angiogenic effects of d‐Limonene in the treatment of CML.
Obese zebrafish: A small fish for a major human health condition
Authors: Faillaci Francesca , Milosa Fabiola , Critelli Rosina Maria , Turola Elena , Schepis Filippo , Villa Erica
Published: November 2018

Obesity is becoming a silent worldwide epidemic, with a steady increase in both adults and children. To date, even though several drugs have been licensed for long‐term obesity treatment, none of them are yet used in routine clinical practice. So far the only successful intervention has been behavioral therapy. A suitable and economic experimental model mimicking the human condition would therefore be extremely useful to evaluate preventive measures and novel treatments. Zebrafish are emerging as an important model system to study obesity and related metabolic disease. Remarkable similarities have been reported in lipid metabolism and the adipogenic pathway between zebrafish and mammals. Moreover, the zebrafish possesses a number of features—the relative inexpensiveness of animal husbandry, its optical transparency and the ability to produce a large number of offspring at low cost—that make it ideal for large‐scale screening and for testing drugs and intervention. In this review, we summarize recent progress in using zebrafish as a model system to study obesity and obesity‐related metabolic disorders. We describe several zebrafish models (in both larvae and adult animals) that develop obesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using different approaches, including gene manipulation, diet manipulation and modification of microbiota composition. For these models, we have outlined the specific aspects related to obesity and its development and we have summarized their advantages and limitations.
Giant Star‐Shaped Nitrogen‐Doped Nanographenes
Authors: Mora‐Fuentes Juan P. , Riaño Alberto , Cortizo‐Lacalle Diego , Saeki Akinori , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: November 2018

Star‐shaped nanographenes (SNGs) are large monodisperse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are larger than a nanometer and have shown a lot of promise in a wide range of applications including electronics, energy conversion, and sensing. Herein, we report a new family of giant star‐shaped N‐doped nanographenes with diameters up to 6.5 nm. Furthermore, the high solubility of this SNG family in neutral organic solvents at room temperature allowed a complete structural, optoelectronic, and electrochemical characterisation, which together with charge transport studies illustrate their n‐type semiconducting character.
Precise Synthesis of Poly(thioester)s with Diverse Structures by Copolymerization of Cyclic Thioanhydrides and Episulfides Mediated by Organic Ammonium Salts
Authors: Yue Tian‐Jun , Zhang Ming‐Chao , Gu Ge‐Ge , Wang Li‐Yang , Ren Wei‐Min , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: November 2018

The precise synthesis of poly(thioester)s with diverse structures is still a significant challenge in the polymeric materials field. Herein, we report a novel approach to the synthesis of well‐defined poly(thioester)s by the controlled alternating copolymerization of cyclic thioanhydrides and episulfides induced by simple organic ammonium salts. Both the cation and anion have strong effects on the copolymerization. [PPN]OAc ([PPN]=bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) with a bulky cation was proven to be efficient in initiating this polymerization, yielding poly(thioester)s with a completely alternating structure, controlled molecular weight, and narrow polydispersity. The poly(thioester) obtained from succinic thioanhydride and propylene sulfide is a typical semicrystalline material, possessing a high refractive index of up to 1.78. Because it uses readily available monomers, this method is expected to open up a new route to poly(thioester)s with diverse structures and properties.
Multicolor Emission from Non‐conjugated Polymers Based on a Single Switchable Boron Chromophore
Authors: Wang Junwei , Wang Nan , Wu Gang , Wang Suning , Li Xiaoyu
Published: November 2018

Multicolor emissive and responsive materials are highly attractive owing to their potential applications in various fields, and polymers are preferred for their good processability and high stability. Herein, we report a series of new polymers based on a methacrylate monomer containing a switchable boron chromophore. In spite of their unconjugated nature, interestingly, the homopolymers from this monomer display rare multicolor fluorescence in solution that is highly dependent on the degree of polymerization (DP). With an increasing DP, the local concentration of the chromophore increases, leading to a higher propensity for switching the blue‐emitting tricoordinate boron chromophore to the red‐emitting tetracoordinate one. The homopolymers also display temperature‐ and solvent‐dependent emission color change. Furthermore, pure white‐light emission could be achieved in various solvents by precisely tuning the homopolymer molecular weight, or in films/solid state by copolymerizing the emissive boron monomer with non‐emissive monomers in an appropriate ratio.
Optimal Controller Design with Communication Delay for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Alipouri Yousef , Alipour Hasan
Published: November 2018

Development of distributed control algorithms has attracted significant attention for control of large‐scale processes. In distributed control systems, there are signal transmissions between local subsystems. One subsystem does not have complete knowledge of the whole system and interactions between subsystems are not completely considered. Communication delay also places limitations on achievable best performance. In this paper, considering communication delay, a distributed method is proposed to design an optimal controller using a discrete linear model. The advantage of the proposed method is in taking communication delay into account and being robust against subsystem failure. The proposed approach has been applied on a solid oxide fuel cell, which is extremely nonlinear and has a huge number of state variables. The results show the advantages and applicability of the proposed method.
Increased Biobutanol Production by Mediator‐Less Electro‐Fermentation
Authors: Engel Mareike , Holtmann Dirk , Ulber Roland , Tippkötter Nils
Published: November 2018

A future bio‐economy should not only be based on renewable raw materials but also in the raise of carbon yields of existing production routes. Microbial electrochemical technologies are gaining increased attention for this purpose. In this study, the electro‐fermentative production of biobutanol with C. acetobutylicum without the use of exogenous mediators is investigated regarding the medium composition and the reactor design. It is shown that the use of an optimized synthetic culture medium allows higher product concentrations, increased biofilm formation, and higher conductivities compared to a synthetic medium supplemented with yeast extract. Moreover, the optimization of the reactor system results in a doubling of the maximum product concentrations for fermentation products. When a working electrode is polarized at −600 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, a shift from butyrate to acetone and butanol production is induced. This leads to an increased final solvent yield of YABE = 0.202 g g−1 (control 0.103 g g−1), which is also reflected in a higher carbon efficiency of 37.6% compared to 23.3% (control) as well as a fourfold decrease in simplified E‐factor to 0.43. The results are promising for further development of biobutanol production in bioelectrochemical systems in order to fulfil the principles of Green Chemistry.
A time‐based global path planning strategy for crowd navigation
Authors: Ozcan Cumhur Yigit , Akcapinar Sezer Ebru , Haciomeroglu Murat
Published: November 2018

In a competent crowd navigation system, it is very important for the agents in the system to plan their movements being aware of the other agents. In this study, we propose the use of machine learning methods to create time‐based global path plans by utilizing the information as to when and where the other agents would be at a future time. The application of a machine learning method in the traditional manner for the global path planning problem is not a straightforward task due to the complexity of data collection; therefore, this study proposes a novel method to apply machine learning methods for global path planning. This enables us to create a context‐free model. We organize experiments to compare our method to a recent and competitive approach that is referred to as the potential‐based method (PBM). We employed three different machine learning methods, namely, artificial neural networks, polynomial regression, and support vector regression. The results of the mass scenario tests and a corridor scenario indicate that the versions with polynomial regression and support vector regression outperform the PBM. This encourages further investigations on the use of machine learning methods for global path planning in crowd navigation.
Conceptualization and measurement of millennial's social signaling and self‐signaling for socially responsible consumption
Authors: Johnson Olivia , Chattaraman Veena
Published: November 2018

Social responsibility has rapidly gained popularity among consumers specifically among millennials born 1980 to 2000. Millennials are characterized by their willingness to get involved with social and political initiatives. Motivations for social responsibility are not completely unselfish in that individuals receive personal gain when providing support for others. This research proposes that socially responsible (SR) consumption has both social signaling and self‐signaling abilities. The scales for measuring millennial's social signaling and self‐signaling for SR consumption were developed to reflect the evolving nature of both social responsibility and the millennial generation. In‐depth interviews (n = 12) were used to generate scale items and an exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the dimensionality of the scales. Results were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis that examined convergent and discriminant validity. Nomological validity testing was also performed. The social signaling for SR consumption scale was a one‐dimensional factor structure whereas the self‐signaling for SR consumption scale had two factors. These scales provide a tool for marketers and researchers to develop relevant SR initiatives aimed at millennials.
Recent Updates in Curcumin Pyrazole and Isoxazole Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Application
Authors: Mishra Satyendra , Patel Sejal , Halpani Chandni G.
Published: November 2018

Curcumin is an admired, plant‐derived compound that has been extensively investigated for diverse range of biological activities, but the use of this polyphenol is limited due to its instability. Chemical modifications in curcumin are reported to seize this limitation; such efforts are intensively performed to discover molecules with similar but improved stability and better properties. Focal points of these reviews are synthesis of stable pyrazole and isoxazole analogs of curcumin and application in various biological systems. This review aims to emphasize the latest evidence of curcumin pyrazole analogs as a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Manifold features of curcumin pyrazole analogs will be summarized herein, including the synthesis of novel curcumin pyrazole analogs and the evaluation of their biological properties. This review is expected to be a complete, trustworthy and critical review of the curcumin pyrazole analogs template to the medicinal chemistry community.
Insight on patient specific computer modeling of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease
Authors: Brouwer Jorn , Gheorghe Livia , Nijenhuis Vincent J. , ten Berg Jurrien M. , Rensing Benno J. W. M. , van der Heyden Jan A. S. , Swaans Martin J.
Published: November 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the early use of dedicated patient specific computer modeling in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), in predicting procedure feasibility and patient related outcome.

Background

Dedicated patient specific computer modeling, used for optimizing TAVI procedures, is currently validated for the prediction of contact pressure, valve morphology and paravalvular leakage (PVL). The simulation of TAVI procedures is increasingly used in patients with tricuspid aortic valve stenosis. Currently, BAV disease is considered as a relative contra‐indication for TAVI due to its specific anatomical characteristics.

Methods

This single center study consisted of seven patients with BAV undergoing TAVI. A patient specific computer simulation was performed based on multislice computer tomography images. The model advised the best fitting prosthetic valve size or sizes and simulated this valve on different implantation depths with the corresponding presence and severity of PVL and prosthetic valve morphology. The simulation results were compared with the procedural outcomes using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy.

Results

The patient specific computer modeling predicted accurately the outcome (PVL and valve morphology) of TAVI in all cases. In one case, the TAVI procedure was unsuccessful and retrospectively not suitable for TAVI, which was correctly predicted by the model.

Conclusion

The patient specific computer modeling adequately predicts feasibility and outcome of TAVI in patients with BAV disease and may extend the applicability of TAVI. Moreover, it improves decision‐making and therefore individual procedural outcomes in this difficult patient population.
Effect of bran hydration with enzymes on functional properties of flour–bran blends
Authors: Park Eun Young , Fuerst E. Patrick , Baik Byung‐Kee
Published: November 2018

Background and objectives

Hard red wheat bran and hard white wheat bran were prehydrated and treated with cellulase, xylanase, or cellulase + xylanase to mitigate the adverse effects of bran on the bread‐baking quality of whole wheat meals.

Findings

The hydration of bran with cellulase increased its soluble sugar content and decreased its soluble and insoluble fiber contents. Bran hydration with cellulase + xylanase was more effective at increasing soluble sugar and lowering insoluble fiber, indicating more extensive degradation of cell wall materials. The compositional changes of bran induced by hydration with cellulase or cellulase + xylanase affected the starch pasting and dough mixing properties of the flour–bran blends, showing delayed/inhibited starch gelatinization and decreased water absorption during dough development. A higher loaf volume was observed in bread containing bran hydrated with a low dose of xylanase or cellulase + xylanase in hard red wheat and in bread containing bran hydrated with low‐dose xylanase in hard white wheat.

Conclusions

The prehydration of wheat bran with enzymes could effectively improve the baking quality of whole wheat meals prepared from flour–bran blends by inducing changes in the composition of bran and subsequently in the physicochemical properties of starch and gluten.

Significance and novelty

The prehydration of wheat bran with enzymes can be an effective approach for enhancing whole wheat bread processing.
Volatile compounds profile of Brazilian aromatic brown rice genotypes and its cooking quality characteristics
Authors: Hoffmann Jessica Fernanda , Bassinello Priscila Zaczuk , Colombari Filho José Manoel , Lindemann Igor da Silva , Elias Moacir Cardoso , Takeoka Gary R. , Vanier Nathan Levien
Published: November 2018

Background and objectives

This study evaluated the volatile profile by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME)‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the cooking quality properties of seven aromatic and one non‐aromatic rice genotypes grown in Brazil.

Findings

Twenty‐three volatile compounds were identified by SPME‐GC/MS analysis. PCA and PLS‐DA allowed the separation of aromatic and non‐aromatic genotypes. PLS‐DA analysis revealed six compounds as discriminating between groups: 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP), decanal, 2‐hexanone, 2‐pentylfuran, 1‐hexanol, and hexanal. 2‐AP was detected only in aromatic genotypes, and the content varied from 0.21 to 0.57 µg/g. Cooking time changed from 23.5 to 38.3 min in the new aromatic genotypes while hardness changed from 52.7 to 100.7 N.

Conclusions

Our study revealed six volatile compounds as discriminants between aromatic and non‐aromatic genotypes grown in Brazil. 2‐AP was identified only in aromatic genotypes. Genotype BR5 exhibited the best general performance since their volatile compounds results indicate less off‐flavors (hexanal), higher 2‐AP content, and similar cooking time and hardness to IRG and JAS.

Significance and novelty

Results may help rice chain in selecting Brazilian genotypes of aromatic rice to be grown in Brazil and distributed worldwide. Also, this work may serve as a starting point for future work on aromatic rice authenticity.
Case report of granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia and review of the literature
Authors: Jia Sangyang , Jae James , Hsia Cyrus C.
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

Granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare variant of the disease that is associated with a lower remission rate to standard induction chemotherapy. Flow immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics should be utilized to confirm the diagnosis of ALL versus acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in order to provide appropriate management.
On the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation, the Greenhouse Effect, and Activation Energy in (Electro)Catalysis: A Tribute to Svante Augustus Arrhenius
Authors: Masa Justus , Barwe Stefan , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

Svante Augustus Arrhenius (1859, Vik ‐ 1927, Stockholm) received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation”. Arrhenius was a physicist, and he received his PhD from the University of Uppsala, where he later became a professor for phyiscal chemistry, the first in the country for this subject. He was offered several positions as professor abroad, but decided to remain in Sweden and to build a Nobel Institute for physical chemistry using the Nobel funds. He remained director of the Institute until his death.

There are powerful lessons to take from Svante August Arrhenius’ journey leading to a Nobel laureate as there are from his tremendous contributions to chemistry and science in general, including climate science, immunochemistry and cosmology. The theory of electrolytic dissociation for which Arrhenius received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has had a profound impact on our understanding of the chemistry of solutions, chemical reactivity, mechanisms underlying chemical transformations as well as physiological processes. As a tribute to Arrhenius, we present a brief historical perspective and present status of the theory of electrolytic dissociation, its relevance and role to the development of electrochemistry, as well as some perspectives on the possible role of the theory to future advancements in electroanalysis, electrocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage. The review briefly highlights Arrhenius’ contribution to climate science owing to his studies on the potential effects of increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions on the global climate. These studies were far ahead of their time and revealed a daunting global dilemma, global warming, that we are faced with today. Efforts to abate or reverse CO2 accumulation constitute one of the most pressing scientific problems of our time, “man's urgent strive to save self from the adverse effects of his self‐orchestrated change on the climate”. Finally, we review the application of the Arrhenius equation that correlates reaction rate constants (k) and temperature (T);
, in determining reaction barriers in catalysis with a particular focus on recent modifications of the equation to account for reactions exhibiting non‐linear Arrhenius behavior with concave curvature due to prevalence of quantum mechanical tunneling, as well as infrequent convexity of Arrhenius plots due to decrease of the microcanonical rate coefficient with energy as observed for some enzyme catalyzed reactions.
Continuous Synthesis of Nanominerals in Supercritical Water
Authors: Claverie Marie , Diez‐Garcia Marta , Martin François , Aymonier Cyril
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of minerals should play a crucial role in the development of new and advanced materials. Since 2016, a renewal of interest to enlarge the mineral synthesis towards industrial requirements has been observed, especially thanks to three main recent papers. The innovative process exposed combines a continuous process with the use of supercritical water. In addition to curtail synthesis times, this process offers a control on the particle characteristics (size, crystallinity, structure, etc.) and a capacity to be easily transferable at an industrial scale. This innovative concept is demonstrated with the synthesis of three minerals which are the talc (a phyllomineral), the xonotlite and the tobermorite (two inominerals). This article proposes an overview of the possibilities to synthesize nanominerals in continuous processing for the development of advanced materials with promising industrial applications.
Experimental Insights into the Growth of Single Truncated Anatase Bipyramids
Authors: Mulcahy Justin R. , He Shuai , Jin Decarle S. , Guo Wenxiao , Arteta Sarah , Cliff John B. , Zhu Zihua , Wei Wei David
Published: November 2018

Fluorine has been recognized to selectively stabilize anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) crystal facets; however, resolving its physical location at the nanometer scale remains empirically elusive. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence to reveal the spatial distribution of fluorine on single truncated anatase bipyramids (TABs) using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Fluorine was found to preferentially adsorb on the (001) facet compared to the (101) facet of TABs. Moreover, NanoSIMS depth profiling exhibited a significantly different fluorine distribution between these two facets in the near‐surface region, illustrating the essential role of lattice‐doped fluorine in the anisotropic crystal growth of TABs.
Operating performance assessment and non‐optimal cause identification for chemical process
Authors: Tao Yang , Shi Hongbo , Song Bing , Tan Shuai
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a novel operating performance assessment and non‐optimal cause identification approach is proposed for chemical process. Firstly, a modified method that contains both temporal and variance information is developed for grade classification. These obtained grades are divided into three levels and each level would have its specific processing scheme. Secondly, a new weighted principal component analysis (WPCA) is proposed and multiple assessment models are established. WPCA selects the principal components that contain feature information of each grade, rather than based on the variance contribution. Then a similarity index is constructed to assess the performance online. After that, a weighted contribution plot that can highlight the non‐optimal responsible variables is presented. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through the Tennessee Eastman process.