bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Planting Method and a Combination of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen on Maize (Zea mays) Growth
Authors: Maurya Durgesh Kumar , Pal Ravikesh Kumar , Singh Raghvendra , Kumar Sarvesh , Yadav Mahendra , Kumar Mandeep , Maurya Shravan Kumar
Published: December 2023

Two lead treatments (flatbed and raised bed) and five nitrogen treatments (100 percent inorganic source, 100% farm yard manure, 50% inorganic source + 50% by farm yard manure, 75% inorganic source + 25% by farm yard manure, and 100% inorganic source + 25% by farm yard manure) were used in the triplicate study, which was conducted using a split plot design. The samples were analyzed 25, 50, and 75 days after sowing. The administration of treatment T3 (50% IO + 50% FYM) produced the tallest number of plants, as well as the most leaves per plant, weight per plant, and dry weight per plant, according to the results. On the shortest day, 50% tasseling was noted; nevertheless, this occurred with T1 (100% IO) application. Therefore, the combination of organic nitrogen sources with inorganic nitrogen sources in T3 (50% Inorganic + 50% Farm yard manure) with litter improved the performance of maize. It is recommended to use beds with 50% Inorganic + 50% Farm yard manure for crop growth.
Unintentional Fentanyl Use Detected in Hair of People With HIV Risk Using Methamphetamine
Authors: Appa Ayesha , Spinelli Matthew A. , Javanbakht Marjan , Heise M. J. , Okochi Hideaki , Bazazi Alexander R. , Coffin Phillip , Gorbach Pamina M. , Gandhi Monica
Published: February 2025

This study assessed hair samples to detect fentanyl exposure among people with or at risk of HIV reporting methamphetamine use without intention to use opioids concomitantly.
Treatment of Cutaneous Neurofibromas in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 With MEK Inhibitor Selumetinib
Authors: Gross Andrea M. , Reid Olivia H. , Baldwin Lauren A. , Cannon Ashley , Choo-Wosoba Hyoyoung , Steinberg Seth M. , Lobbous Mina , Wolters Pamela L. , Pichard Dominique C. , Tibery Cecilia M. , Dombi Eva , Derdak Joanne , Widemann Brigitte C. , Korf Bruce R.
Published: February 2025

Importance

Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) can cause itching, disfigurement, pain, and emotional difficulties in people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Objective

To determine the impact of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor selumetinib on cNF including change in tumor volume and patient-reported outcome measures.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Adults with NF1 and 9 or more measurable cNFs were enrolled in this nonrandomized pilot trial at the National Cancer Institute and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, which spanned from August 26, 2017, to August 21, 2023.

Intervention

Participants received selumetinib for up to 24 cycles (1 cycle = 28 days) with restaging visits after every 4 cycles.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Photography and volumetric measurements of cNFs using calipers were used to evaluate the number and volume of tumors. Participants completed the Skindex-29 Quality of Life assessment to quantify the effect of treatment on symptoms, functioning, emotions, itching, and pain.

Results

Among the 11 participants who enrolled, the median (range) age was 54 (28-75) years, and 6 were female. The median (IQR) best response across all participants and tumors was a −28.5% (−40.9% to −12.5%) decrease in cNF volume from baseline. Some participants showed a visible improvement in cNF burden while receiving treatment in standardized photographs. The median (range) duration of treatment was 9 cycles (1-24), with only 4 participants completing the full 24 cycles of treatment. Two of these participants continued treatment beyond the original 24 cycles due to perceived clinical benefit. All participants experienced at least 1 reversible drug-related adverse event (AE), with cutaneous AEs such as dry skin and rash being the most common. Two participants were removed from treatment due to concern for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. While the Skindex-29 assessment showed improvement in emotion scores after cycle 1, there were no other significant or durable changes in scores.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nonrandomized pilot trial, selumetinib resulted in some decrease in cNF volume; however, there was no sustained improvement in patient-reported outcome measures. Study enrollment was incomplete, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlights the challenges of treating patients with cNF with a drug that often leads to dermatologic AEs. Future larger studies using other measurement techniques, such as 3-dimensional photography, could help to yield results that are more generalizable to the phenotypically diverse NF1 population.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02839720
Wait Times for Psychiatric Specialist Services in Australia
Authors: Yang Ou , Zhang Yuting
Published: February 2025

This cross-sectional study examines the differences in wait times for general psychiatric specialist consultations in Australia from 2011 to 2022, stratified by location, socioeconomic status, and type of consultation.
Human PHOSPHO1 exhibits phosphatidylcholine‐ and phosphatidylethanolamine‐phospholipase C activities and interacts with diacylglycerol kinase δ
Authors: Murakami Chiaki , Atsuta‐Tsunoda Kyoko , Inomata Sho , Kawai Takuma , Hijikata Yasuhisa , Dilimulati Kamila , Sakai Hiromichi , Sakane Fumio
Published: February 2025

Phosphatidylcholine‐ and phosphatidylethanolamine‐specific phospholipase C (PC‐PLC and PE‐PLC) activities, which generate diacylglycerol (DG) and are tricyclodecan‐9‐yl‐xanthogenate (D609)‐sensitive, have been detected in both the membrane and cytosolic fractions. We have previously demonstrated that sphingomyelin synthase isozymes, which are transmembrane proteins, exhibit PC‐/PE‐PLC activities. However, mammalian cytosolic PC‐PLC and PE‐PLC remain unidentified. Here, we demonstrated that phosphatase orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), a cytosolic protein, exhibits D609‐sensitive PC‐PLC and PE‐PLC activities. Moreover, the overexpression of PHOSPHO1 in HEK293 cells significantly increased the levels of cellular saturated and/or monounsaturated fatty acid‐containing DG. Furthermore, DGKδ cosedimented and colocalized with PHOSPHO1. Collectively, these in vitro findings provide, for the first time, a promising candidate for the long‐sought cytosolic PC‐/PE‐PLC, which may act as DG supply enzyme upstream of DGKδ.
Fusing ChatGPT and Human Decisions in Unfamiliar Face Matching
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S.
Published: February 2025

Unfamiliar face matching involves deciding whether two face images depict the same person or two different people. Individual performance can be error‐prone but is improved by aggregating (fusing) the responses of participant pairs. With advances in automated facial recognition systems (AFR), fusing human and algorithm responses also leads to performance improvements over individuals working alone. In the current work, I investigated whether ChatGPT could serve as the algorithm in this fusion. Using a common face matching test, I found that the fusion of individual responses with those provided by ChatGPT increased performance in comparison with both individuals working alone and simulated participant pairs. This pattern of results was evident when participants responded either using a rating scale (Experiment 1) or with a binary decision and associated confidence (Experiment 2). Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential utility of ChatGPT in daily identification contexts where state‐of‐the‐art AFR may not be available.
FeCl3‐Catalyzed Photochemical Reductive Transamidation of Nitroarenes: A Sustainable Approach Using Sacrificial C–H Bonds
Authors: Rajan Rajamanickam Karthik , Park Minwoo , Park Kyungho , Lee Sunwoo
Published: February 2025

A sustainable photochemical reductive transamidation of nitroarenes catalyzed by FeCl3 under blue LED irradiation is reported. This method eliminates the need for pre‐reduction steps or stoichiometric reducing agents by utilizing sacrificial C‐H bonds from organic solvents. The reaction proceeds via FeCl3‐catalyzed single‐electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) cascades. A previously unreported intermediate formed between nitroarenes and N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is discovered, playing a crucial role in facilitating substitution with amides. The method exhibits broad functional group tolerance and achieves yields up to 82%, demonstrating compatibility with a wide range of nitroarenes and amides.
Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease
Authors: Li Dengxiong , Wang Zhipeng , Yu Qingxin , Wang Jie , Wu Ruicheng , Tuo Zhouting , Yoo Koo Han , Wusiman Dilinaer , Ye Luxia , Guo Yiqing , Yang Yubo , Shao Fanglin , Shu Ziyu , Okoli Uzoamaka , Cho William C. , Wei Wuran , Feng Dechao
Published: February 2025

The bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune “hot” tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune “cold” tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate the immune differences between BC and PCa, studies are compared focusing on immune regulation mediated by sex hormones and receptors to identify key genes and pathways responsible for the immune differences. From a developmental perspective, it is shown that PCa and BC activate genes and pathways similar to those in the developmental stage. During prostate development, the differential expression and function of the androgen receptor (AR) across cell types may contribute to its dual role in promoting and inhibiting immunity in different cells. Androgen deprivation therapy affects AR function in different cells within the TME, influencing immune cell infiltration and antitumor function. Additionally, estrogenα and estrogenβ exert contrasting effects in PCa and BC, which may hold the potential for modifying the “cold” and “hot” tumor phenotypes. Future research should target key genes and pathways involved in bladder development to clarify the immune regulatory similarities and differences between BC and PCa.
Nanoodor Particles Deliver Drugs to Central Nervous System via Olfactory Pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ji Xingwang , Zhao Qianyanqiu , Qi Jinyao , Guo Wen , Zhang Gaoshuo , Guan Yujing , Li Shenglong , Mao Yuling
Published: February 2025

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders confront significant challenges in drug delivery due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Inspired by the rapid and precise binding of odor molecules to olfactory receptors (ORs), this research uses thiolated HPMA to construct odor nanoparticles (nanoodors) capable of delivering drugs to the CNS via the olfacto–cerebral pathway to overcome the delivery obstruction. The nanoodor core is used to encapsulate agomelatine (AGO), a CNS‐targeting antidepressant, and the encapsulation efficiency exceeded 80%. A series of thiol‐presenting nanoscale structures with different surface densities of thiol groups are constructed, and the effectiveness positively correlated with the density of thiol groups on their surface. Notably, the nanoodors enable precise brain‐targeted delivery, outperforming commercially available oral formulations in terms of drug accumulation in the brain and antidepressant effects. The study of the nanoodor transport and action mechanisms revealed that after binding to ORs, the nanoodors are rapidly delivered to the brain via the olfactory pathway. Nanoodors, the first design to deliver CNS drugs via the olfactory pathway by mimicking natural smells for the treatment of CNS disorders, are expected to achieve clinical transformation, benefiting human health.
Modifying Microenvironment in Van der Waals Gap by Cu/N Co‐Doping Strategy for Highly Efficient Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Li Heen , Wang Yuanzhe , Wei Kuo , He Maoyue , Yan Mengmeng , Peng Fei , Gao Faming
Published: February 2025

Electroreduction of nitrite to ammonia has significant promise for economical NH3 electrosynthesis and wastewater treatment. Herein, sulfur vacancies rich Cu─N co‐doped SnS2 nanosheet is designed as a highly active and durable NO2RR catalyst. Benefiting from the Cu─N co‐doped strategy, Cu/N‐SnS2‐x achieves the highest NH3 yield rate of 18.15mg h−1 mgcat−1 at −0.935 V (vs RHE) and excellent Faradaic Efficiency of 95.73% at −0.835 V (vs RHE). In situ FT‐IR and in situ XPS proves that Cu/N‐SnS2‐x has a greater capacity for atomic hydrogen generation, which facilitates the conversion of nitrite to ammonia and maintains excellent structural stability during the NO2RR process. Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduced sulfur vacancies effectively expose the metal atoms inside SnS2 and make them adsorb nitrite efficiently, which effectively accelerates the transformation of nitrite to ammonia. Besides, the introduced Cu and N can form a new electronic structure, which induces Cu in an electron‐deficient state promotes the adsorption of reaction intermediates on Cu, and reduces the reaction energy barrier for nitrite reduction on the Cu/N‐SnS2‐x surface. The current exploration presents fresh prospects for the rational development of an effective electrocatalyst for synthesizing ammonia from nitrite.
Harnessing Earth‐Abundant Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite for Resistive Switching Memory and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Feng Zijian , Kim Jiyun , Min Jie , Guan Peiyuan , Zhang Shuo , Guan Xinwei , Mei Tingting , Huang Tianxu , Lin Chun‐Ho , Hu Long , Chen Fandi , Li Zhi , Yi Jiabao , Wu Tom , Chu Dewei
Published: February 2025

Non‐volatile memories are expected to revolutionize a wide range of information technologies, but their manufacturing cost is one of the top concerns researchers must address. This study presents a 1D lead‐free halide perovskite K2CuBr3, as a novel material candidate for the resistive switching (RS) devices, which features only earth‐abundant elements, K, Cu, and Br. To the knowledge, this material is the first low‐dimensional halide perovskite with exceptionally low production costs and minimal environmental impact. Owing to the unique 1D carrier transport along the Cu─Br networks, the K2CuBr3 RS device exhibits excellent bipolar switching behavior, with an On/Off window of 105 and a retention time of over 1000 s. The K2CuBr3 RS devices can also act as artificial synapses to transmit various forms of synaptic plasticities, and their integration into a perceptron artificial neural network can deliver a high algorithm accuracy of 93% for image recognition. Overall, this study underscores the promising attributes of K2CuBr3 for the future development of memory storage and neuromorphic computing, leveraging its distinct material properties and economic benefits.
Tunable Ferroelectric Polarization in BaTiO3 Coupled with Zn0.5Cd0.5S Quantum Dots for Efficient Solar‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Pan Changyuan , Huang Kaige , Zhi Zhenhua , Yang Ying , Zhang Huimin , Xie Yufang , Zhang Chenglin , Liu Yuan , Chen Mingming , Wang Zhijie , Jiang Zhifeng , Cao Dawei
Published: February 2025

Integrating ferroelectric materials with semiconductor photocatalysts offers a groundbreaking strategy to enhance solar‐driven hydrogen production by improving charge separation and transfer efficiency. Herein, a synergistic system is developed by coupling the tunable ferroelectric polarization of BaTiO3 (BTO) with a Z‐scheme heterojunction in Zn0.5Cd0.5S quantum dots (ZCS QDs). The strong and adjustable built‐in electric field generated by BTO effectively drives carrier separation, enhances interfacial band bending, and mitigates the excitonic effects commonly observed in QDs, facilitating directional charge transfer. Mechanistic insights, validated by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), highlight the pivotal role of ferroelectric polarization in modulating carrier dynamics and interfacial interactions. These attributes, resulting from the synergistic effects of ferroelectric polarization and the Z‐scheme heterojunction, enable the ZCS QDs/BTO composite to achieve an outstanding hydrogen evolution rate of 0.83 mmol g−1 h−1, surpassing pure BTO and ZCS QDs by factors of 20.8 and 1.7, respectively. Notably, external polarization further amplifies hydrogen production to 1.19 mmol g−1 h−1, representing a remarkable 143% increase compared to the pristine system and showcasing the pivotal role of polarization‐enhanced built‐in electric fields in photocatalysis. This work presents a novel pathway for designing advanced photocatalysts, providing promising prospects for sustainable hydrogen production.
Reduction in adsorbent granule dimensionality to strengthen lithium adsorption in low‐grade salt lakes
Authors: Chen Jun , Yu Jianguo , Lin Sen
Published: February 2025

Sluggish internal mass transfer within granulated adsorbents constrains the efficiency of Li+ extraction from low‐grade salt lakes. In this study, Li+ diffusion behavior simulations using finite element analysis indicated that reducing the granule dimensionality enhanced Li+ transfer in aluminum‐based lithium adsorbents, with ionic strength as the driving force. Hence, low‐dimensional aluminum‐based adsorbent granules (LD‐LDHs) with fast transport channels and highly accessible adsorption sites were directionally prepared via a wet‐spinning method. Adsorption kinetics suggested LD‐LDHs with reduced internal diffusion resistance achieved equilibrium in less than 30 min, which was significantly shorter than the 36 h required for larger granules prepared by conventional extrusion molding, while maintaining the performance of the encapsulated active components. During continuous lithium extraction from low‐grade Qarhan old brine, LD‐LDHs reached adsorption saturation in 60 min, with a 1.8‐fold increased working capacity, and the desorption solution was of higher quality, favorable for subsequent lithium carbonate production processes.
Physical activity may protect myelin via modulation of high‐density lipoprotein
Authors: Boa Sorte Silva Nárlon C. , Balbim Guilherme M. , Stein Ryan G. , Gu Yi , Tam Roger C. , Dao Elizabeth , Alkeridy Walid , Lam Kevin , Kramer Arthur F. , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Physical activity is associated with greater myelin content in older individuals with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a condition marked by demyelination. However, potential mechanisms underlying this relationship remain understudied.

METHODS

We assessed cross‐sectionally whether serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein, and triglycerides moderated the association between physical activity and in vivo myelin in older individuals with CSVD and mild cognitive impairment.

RESULTS

We included 81 highly educated, community‐dwelling older individuals (mean age 74.57 years), 64% of whom were female. Regression models revealed that HDL levels significantly moderated the relationship between physical activity and myelin in the sagittal stratum, wherein higher physical activity levels were linked to greater myelin levels for those with average or high HDL (standardized B [95% CI] = 0.289 [0.087 to 0.491], p = 0.006).

DISCUSSION

Physical activity may promote myelin health partly through HDL. Data from longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Highlights

Myelin loss is common in individuals with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).

Physical activity was positively associated with myelin in older adults with CSVD.

High‐density lipoproteins (HDL) levels were also positively related to myelin.

Physical activity effects on myelin were moderated by HDL levels.
Evaluation of two plasma‐based proteotyping assays against APOE ε4 genotyping in a memory clinic setting: The Gothenburg H70 Clinical Studies
Authors: Dittrich Anna , Blennow Kaj , Tan Kübra , Benedet Andrea L. , Skoog Ingmar , Höglund Kina , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Kern Silke
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and should be determined prior to initiation of anti‐amyloid beta antibody treatment, because of increased risk of treatment‐related side effects. Plasma‐based apoE4 proteotyping may be an alternative to genotyping, with limited clinical evidence.

METHODS

apoE4 proteotyping was performed on 164 memory‐clinic patients, using one chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) and one nucleic acid–linked immunosandwich assay (NULISA). The assays were evaluated against APOE ε4 blood genotyping.

RESULTS

The CLEIA had a 100% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity to classify APOE ε4 homozygosity and carriership in relation to genotyping. The NULISA had a 92.9% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity to classify homozygosity and a 100% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity to classify carriership.

DISCUSSION

The high performance suggests that the assays may be used as an easily available tool for identifying individuals for definitive APOE ε4 genotyping in a two‐step approach.

Highlights

Plasma‐based proteotyping presented good to excellent sensitivity in identifying apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 homozygosity.

The negative predictive value was also very good to excellent, allowing us to rule out APOE ε4 homozygosity with high precision.

Assays with excellent precision show potential for identifying individuals for definitive APOE ε4 genotyping in a two‐step approach.
Characterizing the olfaction and dementia association in the community‐based ARIC study
Authors: Shrestha Srishti , Zhu Xiaoqian , Kucharska‐Newton Anna M. , Yuan Yaqun , Kamath Vidyulata , Palta Priya , Deal Jennifer A. , Mosley Thomas H. , Griswold Michael E. , Chen Honglei
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Few studies have characterized the association of olfaction with dementia in detail across diverse sociodemographic subgroups.

METHODS

We examined the association of one‐time‐point olfactory status with incident dementia overall and by age, race, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status (n = 4470, mean age: 75 ± 5 years, 21% Black), and 5‐year olfactory change with incident dementia (n = 2658) in the community‐based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

RESULTS

Compared to good olfaction, moderate olfaction (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26 to 1.86), hyposmia (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.81 to 2.78), and anosmia (HR: 3.47, 95% CI: 2.77 to 4.34) were all associated with higher dementia hazard; these associations were consistent across age, race, sex, and APOE ε4 groups. The absolute risk difference between anosmia and good olfaction was higher in APOE ε4 carriers than in non‐carriers. Those with stable anosmia and converting from normal olfaction to anosmia over time showed particularly strong associations.

DISCUSSION

Olfactory impairment was robustly associated with incident dementia, with strongest associations in those with persistent impairment and greater olfactory decline over ∼5 years.

Highlights

We examined olfactory status and olfactory change in relation to incident dementia.

Poor olfactory status was robustly associated with higher dementia rate.

Associations were robust across subgroups of age, sex, race, and APOE ε4 status.

Persistent poor olfaction or decline over time showed the strongest associations.
Adsorption of Cu2+ From Water Onto PVDF Electrospinning Membrane Functionalized γ‐Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: He Fengli , Zhang Haihong , Zhang Long , Zhu Linlin , Yuan Jinyi , Yu Fangli
Published: February 2025

In recent years, heavy metal ion pollution issues occur frequently, and the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution have become an urgent environmental problem for human beings. To reduce the harm caused by heavy metal ion pollution, γ‐Al2O3/polyvinylidene fluoride (γ‐Al2O3/PVDF) composite membranes were prepared by electrospinning technology. The microstructures, phase structures, mechanical properties, and adsorption properties of the composite membrane were characterized by SEM, XRD, universal testing machine, and spectrophotometer. The results showed that the γ‐Al2O3/PVDF composite fibers were randomly deposited, and the diameter of the fibers varied from 1.65 to 2.35 μm. The three‐dimensional network structures were formed and the porosity was as high as 85.28%. When the content of γ‐Al2O3 was 4%, the tensile strength of γ‐Al2O3/PVDF composite membrane was the highest, which was 11.33 MPa. When the content of γ‐Al2O3 was 6%, the adsorption capacity of γ‐Al2O3/PVDF composite membrane on Cu2+ was the maximum. After adsorption, the adsorption capacity was 152.65 mg/g. The pseudo‐second‐order adsorption kinetics equation was suitable for describing the adsorption process; it meant that the adsorption process might be a chemical adsorption. These findings suggest that the γ‐Al2O3/PVDF composite membranes have great potential in the application of water treatment.
Associations and Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound Features in Knee Osteoarthritis: Cross‐sectional Results from a Large Community‐based Cohort
Authors: Yates Katherine A. , Alvarez Carolina , Schwartz Todd A. , Savage‐Guin Serena , Renner Jordan B. , Bakewell Catherine J. , Kohler Minna J. , Lin Janice , Samuels Jonathan , Walker Tessa , Golightly Yvonne M. , Nelson Amanda E.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To determine 1) associations among ultrasound (US) features of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), radiographic KOA (rKOA), and patient‐reported symptoms, and 2) diagnostic accuracy of US definitions for rKOA, in a community‐based cohort.

Methods

Participants enrolled in the Johnston County Health Study (JoCoHS, 2019‐24, n=902) provided demographics, comorbidities, clinical features and symptoms, along with imaging with standardized acquisition and scoring protocols. Logistic regression models provided odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), education level, comorbidities, and knee injury for associations among US features and KOA outcomes. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using standard metrics with rKOA as the gold standard.

Results

Complete imaging data were available for 861 participants (1711 knees), 34% men, 25% Black, 10% Hispanic, mean age 55 years and mean BMI 33 kg/m2. Half of knees were symptomatic, 1/3 had rKOA, and 1 in 5 had symptomatic rKOA. US‐identified osteophytes, effusion, meniscal extrusion, cartilage damage, calcium crystals, and popliteal cysts were associated with KOA outcomes. A US definition including both mild osteophytes and mild cartilage damage gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 for diagnosing rKOA (validated in an external cohort).

Conclusions

We identified common US features in participants with and without KOA, along with significant associations between US features and rKOA, symptomatic rKOA, and symptoms. US‐based diagnosis of rKOA shows promise for general use. US is a valuable and accessible modality for assessment of knee OA features in clinical and research settings, including those with limited resources.

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Ionic Liquid‐Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica: A Robust Support forPalladium Nanoparticles in Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling Reactions
Authors: Abu-Reziq Raed , Sohanwal Manan , Omar Suheir
Published: February 2025

This study presents the synthesis and application of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) supported on ionic‐liquid‐functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO‐IL) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for carbonylative Suzuki coupling reactions. The PMO‐IL material was prepared via a sol‐gel polycondensation process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and a bis‐silylated ionic liquid monomer. The ionic liquid groups within the PMO framework facilitated the adsorption of palladium salts through ion exchange, followed by reduction to form Pd NPs. Comprehensive characterization of the Pd(np)@PMO‐IL system, including high‐resolution microscopy (HR‐SEM and HR‐TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), solid‐state NMR, FT‐IR, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption (BET) analyses, confirmed its structure, morphology, and high surface area. The catalytic system demonstrated remarkable activity, selectivity, and recyclability in the carbonylative Suzuki coupling reaction, achieving high turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) under mild conditions. This hybrid material highlights the potential of ionic liquid‐functionalized PMOs as versatile supports for metal nanoparticles in sustainable catalytic applications.
Greening the Path to Family Firm Innovation: Empirical Evidence From the Spanish Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Martínez‐Alonso Rubén , Martínez‐Romero María J. , Rojo‐Ramírez Alfonso A.
Published: February 2025

Are environmentally focused family firms really better innovators? This paper addresses this intriguing question and bridges the existing gap on the link between environmental investment and innovation within family firms, considering the mediating role of collaboration breadth, and the moderating influence of family management. Applying a moderated mediation analysis to an unbalanced panel dataset of 4836 observations of Spanish family firms, the results show that environmental investment has a positive impact on innovation. Collaboration breadth fully mediates the relationship between environmental investment and innovation. Moreover, family management strengthens this mediating relationship. That is, the adoption of technological collaboration is more likely to occur in environmentally focused family firms when there is a higher number of family members in the firm's TMT, ultimately leading to improved innovation outcomes. This study contributes to understanding how family firm dynamics influence sustainability‐driven innovation, offering valuable insights for future research in this evolving field.
National Identity and Economic Inequality: New Insights From Disadvantaged and Advantaged Groups
Authors: De Cristofaro Valeria , Cervone Carmen , Filippi Silvia , Marinucci Marco , Scatolon Andrea , Valtorta Roberta Rosa , Vezzoli Michela , Pellegrini Valerio
Published: February 2025

This research examined the association of national identity with system justification and collective action against economic inequality specifically relating to socioeconomic status (Study 1), ethnicity (Study 2) and gender (Study 3) among both disadvantaged and advantaged groups. Additionally, in Study 3, we investigated the competing predictive role of national narcissism. Across all studies (N = 3387) and regardless of group membership, we consistently found that participants who scored higher on national identity showed stronger system justification and, in turn, lower joint collective action intentions. After controlling for national narcissism in Study 3, however, the relation of national identity with joint collective action through system justification became non‐significant. Instead, national narcissism was positively related to system justification and then negatively associated with joint collective action after controlling for national identity. These results advance the understanding of the psychosocial pathways that undermine collective efforts towards social change, thereby contributing to the maintenance of economic inequality.
Cassan Diterpenoids with Cav3.1 T‐type Calcium Channel Inhibitory Activity from the Seeds of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston
Authors: He Chen-Xi , Wang De-Sheng , Hu Ming , Song Liu-Dong , Ding Lin-Fen , Wu Xingde
Published: February 2025

Phytochemical investigation of the 80% ethanol extract from the seeds of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston led to the identification of nine compounds, which included three new cassane‐type diterpenoids, caesalpideplins A‐C (1‐3), and six known analogues (4‐9). The structures of 1‐3 were determined using a comprehensive analytical method that involved detailed IR, HRESIMS, 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was established through X‐ray single crystal diffraction analysis, while the absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were determined by comparing their calculated and experimental ECD data. Additionally, compounds 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 demonstrated notable inhibitory activity against the Cav3.1 T‐type calcium channel with IC50 values of 23.13, 9.46, 29.53, 34.02, and 24.33 μM, respectively. These results suggest that cassane‐type diterpenoids may have potential therapeutic applications for diseases related to the Cav3.1 calcium channel.
Cerium(IV)‐catalyzed allylic oxidation of 3‐sulfolene: An efficient tool for the synthesis of 4‐substituted sulfol‐2‐enes with antiproliferative activity
Authors: Łastawiecka Elżbieta , Mizerska-Kowalska Magdalena , Sławińska-Brych Adrianna , Mrozik Karolina Anna , Zdzisińska Barbara
Published: February 2025

Cyclic sulfones play an important role in the field of drug discovery and design due to their valuable properties and their broad range of applications. Herein, we report an efficient cerium(IV)‐catalyzed allylic oxidation of a simple 3‐sulfolene. This process provides a straightforward and facile approach to sulfol‐2‐en‐4‐one, a versatile synthetic intermediate. Notably, this study represents the first instance of cerium catalysis employed in allylic oxidation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the transformation of sulfol‐2‐en‐4‐one into 4‐substituted sulfol‐2‐enes with therapeutic applications. In silico analysis performed using the SwissAdme tool indicated that the obtained 4‐amine (7a – 7d) and 4‐carbamate (9a and 9b) derivatives of sulfol‐2‐en‐4‐one met the rules imposed on small‐molecule drugs. Moreover, these compounds inhibited the proliferation (MTT assay) of colon cancer and osteosarcoma cells. Notably, compounds 7b and 7c, which exhibited the best selectivity index (ratio of IC50 calculated for normal and cancer cells), induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (flow cytometry analysis). Considering the present results, the cerium‐catalyzed allylic oxidation of sulfol‐3‐ene proves to be an efficient and practical method for synthesizing sulfol‐2‐en‐4‐one, a versatile chemical synthon for developing sulfolane derivatives, including those with promising anticancer potential.
The association of physical activity with survival in colon cancer versus a matched general population: Data from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 89803 and 80702 (Alliance)
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Ma Chao , Shi Qian , Saltz Leonard B. , Shields Anthony F. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Colon cancer patients have inferior overall survival than a matched general population (MGP). It is unknown if physical activity is associated with a reduction in this survival disparity.

Methods

Data were analyzed from two National Cancer Institute–sponsored postoperative treatment trials in stage III colon cancer, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 89803 and 80702, with 2876 patients who self‐reported physical activity. Physical activity was converted to metabolic equivalents (MET‐hours/week). The MGP was derived from the National Center for Health Statistics and matched on age, sex, and year.

Results

In CALGB 89803, among patients who were alive at 3 years, those with <3.0 and ≥18.0 MET‐hours/week had subsequent 3‐year overall survival rates that were −17.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], −22.4 to −11.8) and −3.5% (95% CI, −7.7 to 0.3) lower than MGP, respectively. In CALGB 80702, among patients who were alive at 3 years, those with <3.0 and ≥18.0 MET‐hours/week had subsequent 3‐year overall survival rates that were −10.8% (95% CI, −15.4 to −6.9) and −4.4% (95% CI, −7.6 to −1.6) lower than MGP, respectively. In pooled analyses, among patients who were alive and did not have tumor recurrence by year 3 (n = 1908), those with <3.0 and ≥18.0 MET‐hours/week had subsequent 3‐year overall survival rates that were −3.1% (95% CI, −6.2 to −0.3) lower and 2.9% (95% CI, 1.5–4.2) higher than MGP, respectively.

Conclusions

Physical activity is associated with an attenuation of the survival disparity between patients with stage III colon cancer participating in clinical trials and MGP. Colon cancer survivors who are physically active may achieve survival that approximates the MGP.
InterobServer AgreeMent in Pd‐l1 evaLuatIoN on cytoloGical samples—SAMPLING project: A multi‐institutional, international study
Authors: Acanfora Gennaro , Iaccarino Antonino , Cerbelli Bruna , Di Cristofano Claudio , Bellevicine Claudio , Barberis Massimo , Bonoldi Emanuela , Bubendorf Lukas , Calaminus Andreas , Campione Severo , Canberk Sule , Cavazza Alberto , Cazzaniga Giorgio , Chijioke Obinna , Clery Eduardo , Eccher Albino , Engels Marianne , Fiorentino Vincenzo , Graziano Paolo , Kern Izidor , Kholova Ivana , Laatta Jari , Labiano Tania , Leopizzi Martina , Lozano Maria D. , Luis Rita , Maffei Elisabetta , Marando Alessandro , Martini Maurizio , Merenda Elisabetta , Montella Marco , Morales Allan Argueta , Nishino Michiya , Pagni Fabio , Hofman Paul , Pernazza Angelina , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita , Saieg Mauro , Savic Prince Spasenija , Siddiqui Momin T. , Stoos‐Veic Tajana , Strojan Fležar Margareta , Sundov Dinka , VanderLaan Paul , Vrdoljak‐Mozetič Danijela , Zeppa Pio , Troncone Giancarlo , Vigliar Elena
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The aim of this project is to assess interobserver agreement for programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) scoring on of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on cytological specimens in a large‐scale multicenter study, by exploiting the cell block‐derived tissue microarray (cbTMA) approach.

Methods

A total of 65 cell blocks (CB) diagnosed as NSCLC were retrospectively collected and selected for TMA preparation. Hematoxylin–eosin and PD‐L1 stained slides were digitized and uploaded on a free web sharing platform. Participants were asked to provide PD‐L1 assessment by using the clinically relevant cutoff of tumor proportion score (TPS) (<1%; 1%–49%; >50%). Interobserver agreement was calculated using Fleiss’s κ.

Results

Of 65 CBs, 11 were deemed not suitable; therefore, an overall number of 54 cores were used for the preparation of four TMAs. A total of 1674 evaluations were provided by 31 cytopathologists from 21 different institutions in nine countries. The statistical analysis showed a moderate overall agreement (κ = 0.49). The highest agreement was achieved in the TPS >50% category (κ = 0.57); moderate agreement was observed in TPS <1% category (κ = 0.51) and the lowest κ value was obtained for TPS 1%–49% category (k = 0.32).

Conclusions

The overall moderate agreement observed showed that there is still room for improvement in inter‐pathologist agreement for PD‐L1 evaluation on cytological samples, highlighting the need for standardization in sample preparation, focused training in PD‐L1 evaluation on cytological material, and the integration of machine learning tools to improve interobserver consistency.
In heart failure, echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular function are powerful tools to predict renal failure
Authors: Reinecke Alexander , Dißmann Paulina , Frey Norbert , Müller Oliver J. , Seoudy Hatim , Frank Johanne , Frank Derk , Spehlmann Martina E.
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased need for intensive care and mortality. There is an urgent need to identify factors that influence the interaction between heart and kidney disorders, often described as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). We investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of renal insufficiency in patients with HF.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 281 consecutive patients with HF that are examined at regular intervals at our outpatient clinic for HF. CKD was defined as the presence of an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and worsening renal function (WRF) was defined as a decrease of eGFR > 15% within a year. We assessed the patient's medical history, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters at baseline and after 12 months.

Results

Right ventricular dysfunction was associated with CKD and WRF. In particular, echocardiographic parameters ‘tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) < 15 mm’ (P < 0.001; OR 2.932), ‘tricuspid regurgitation (TR) > I°’ [P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) 5.958] and dilatation of inferior vena cava (IVC) (P < 0.001; OR 3.670) were significantly correlated with renal failure. N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels were significantly associated with CKD (P < 0.001; OR 6.109) and correlated with pressure and volume load of the right heart.

Conclusions

The results of this work support the theory of right‐sided cardiac backward failure, often accompanied by hypervolaemia, as a leading cause of HF‐related renal failure. Right heart parameters, especially TR, TAPSE and IVC, are obtained easily by transthoracic echocardiography and can predict renal failure.
Mitigating Urban Heat Islands (UHI) Through Vegetation Restoration: Insights From Mining Communities
Authors: Yu Haoxuan , Zahidi Izni , Fai Chow Ming
Published: February 2025

Vegetation restoration plays a critical role in mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects and improving local climate conditions, particularly in mining‐affected areas. This study analyzes vegetation cover changes and their impact on UHI from 2000 to 2020 in three locations: Dexing City and Qibaoshan Township in China, and Dartford Ebbsfleet Garden City in the UK, using satellite imagery and remote sensing data. In Dexing City, the transition from open‐pit to underground mining, combined with reclamation efforts, maintained a stable fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of 0.88‐0.91, reducing the UHI area from 1216.86 km² in 2000 to under 1000 km² by 2020. Qibaoshan Township saw an increase in FVC from 0.88 in 2000 to over 0.92 by 2020, resulting in a 26% reduction in UHI area. Dartford achieved a temporary peak FVC of 0.71 in 2002 through urban greening initiatives. The findings show that increased vegetation cover significantly lowers surface temperatures through evapotranspiration, shading, and albedo modification, with heavily vegetated areas maintaining temperatures up to 3°C lower than adjacent mining sites. The study demonstrates the importance of integrating ecological restoration with sustainable urban planning.
Assessing Climate‐Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Blue–Green Water Dynamics Using Multi‐Model Ensembles Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways in the Hanjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Li Haojie , Fu Zhenghui , Sun Wei , Dai Chao , Cai Yanpeng
Published: February 2025

This study offers a novel perspective by assessing the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes, with a specific focus on the spatial and temporal dynamics of blue and green water components in the Hanjiang River basin in southern China under various shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. Twelve global climate models (GCMs) from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) were downscaled using the delta change method, producing future climate scenarios for near (2031–2060) and far (2061–2090) future time windows under four SSP scenarios (i.e., SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5). These downscaled climate variables, along with the historical control period data, were used to drive the calibrated SWAT model. The model was then employed to analyse blue and green water characteristics and assess the potential changes in hydrological processes under future climate scenarios. The findings reveal that surface runoff constitutes the dominant component of blue water in the Hanjiang River basin. Moreover, the multi‐GCM ensemble mean predicts an increase in green water (evapotranspiration and soil water content) over the basin. For blue water, the ensemble mean suggests change patterns similar to those of precipitation, with decreases or slight increases expected in the northeastern part of the basin and larger increases in the southwestern part under most SSP scenarios. Compared to the historical control period, blue water is projected to experience the greatest increase (13.1%) in the southwestern part under SSP1‐2.6 and the largest decrease (8.8%) in the northeastern part under SSP3‐7.0, both in the far future. The findings have broad international relevance, as the methodology and insights can be applied to other regions worldwide facing similar challenges. This work contributes to a better understanding of hydrological processes in the context of global climate change and supports global efforts to enhance sustainable water resource management and climate resilience.
Experiences of cancer‐related stigma in Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Mwobobia Judith M. , Sardana Srishti , Abouelella Dina , Posani Suhana , Ledbetter Leila , Graton Margaret , Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba , Knettel Brandon A.
Published: February 2025

Cancer is a major health issue, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries where 70% of cancer deaths occur. Stigma and barriers to screening and treatment lead to poor outcomes. We conducted structured searches of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and CABI Global Health databases according to PRISMA–ScR guidelines. Searches used keywords related to (1) Africa, (2) cancer, and (3) stigma. We then screened to finalize a list of research manuscripts, dissertations, theses, and conference abstracts using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods to explore cancer stigma in Africa. This review focused on non‐cervical cancers. Breast and cervical cancers have distinct stigma‐related experiences due to awareness, screening, and sociocultural perceptions. Including cervical cancer risks dilutes the specificity and depth of findings. The review included 53 studies that linked stigma and cancer in Africa to physical symptoms, appearance changes, misconceptions, and emotional challenges, hindering care and worsening treatment outcomes. Cancer‐related stigma negatively impacts screening and treatment engagement in Africa. The lack of intervention studies underscores the need for evidence‐based strategies to reduce stigma. Future efforts should reduce barriers to cancer care, enhance public awareness, and implement policy changes to improve outcomes.
Biological Coatings: Advanced Strategies Driving Multifunctionality and Clinical Potential in Dermal Substitutes
Authors: Wu Yixin , Ji Chao , Yan Zhenzhen , Fang Xiaowan , Wang Yuxiang , Ma Yicheng , Li Jingzhu , Jin Shunxin , Chen Hao , Ji Shizhao , Zheng Yongjun , Xiao Shichu
Published: February 2025

Skin tissue defects caused by various acute and chronic etiologies frequently occur in clinical medicine. Traditional surgical repair methods have certain limitations, while dermal substitutes combined with skin grafting have become an alternative to conventional surgery. Biological coatings, by loading bioactive substances such as polysaccharides and proteins, or by using bioactive substances as carriers, can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This optimizes the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the substitutes, enhances their antibacterial properties, and improves their feasibility for clinical application. This paper explores various common biological coating materials and the construction methods used in the field of dermal substitutes. It highlights the importance and necessity of biological coatings in the development of multifunctional designs for dermal substitutes. By summarizing the current research, this paper aims to offer new insights and references for the multifunctional design and clinical application of dermal substitutes.