bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled study of left prefrontal cortex 15 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in cocaine consumption and craving
Authors: Lolli Francesco , Salimova Maya , Scarpino Maenia , Lanzo Giovanni , Cossu Cesarina , Bastianelli Maria , Occupati Brunella , Gori Filippo , Del Vecchio Amedeo , Ercolini Anita , Pascolo Silvia , Cimino Virginia , Meneghin Nicolò , Fierini Fabio , D’Anna Giulio , Innocenti Matteo , Ballerini Andrea , Pallanti Stefano , Grippo Antonello , Mannaioni Guido
Published: November 2021

Background

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a global health issue with no effective treatment. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a recently proposed therapy for CUD.

Methods

We conducted a single-center, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded, parallel-group research with patients randomly allocated to rTMS (15 Hz) or Sham group (1:1) using a computerised block randomisation process. We enrolled 62 of 81 CUD patients in two years. Patients were followed for eight weeks after receiving 15 15 Hz rTMS/sham sessions over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the first three weeks of the study. We targeted the DLFPC following the 5 cm method. Cocaine lapses in twice a week urine tests were the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were craving severity, cocaine use pattern, and psychometric assessments.

Findings

We randomly allocated patients to either an active rTMS group (32 subjects) or a sham treatment group (30 subjects). Thirteen (42%) and twelve (43.3%) of the subjects in rTMS and sham groups, respectively, completed the full trial regimen, displaying a high dropout rate. Ten/30 (33%) of rTMS-treated patients tested negative for cocaine in urine, in contrast to 4/27 of placebo controls (p = 0.18, odd ratio 2.88, CI 0.9–10). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve did not state a significant change between the treated and sham groups in the time of cocaine urine negativisation (p = 0.20). However, the severity of cocaine-related cues mediated craving (VAS peak) was substantially decreased in the rTMS treated group (p<0.03) after treatment at T1, corresponding to the end of rTMS treatment. Furthermore, in the rTMS and sham groups, self-reported days of cocaine use decreased significantly (p<0.03). Finally, psychometric impulsivity parameters improved in rTMS-treated patients, while depression scales improved in both groups.

Conclusions

In CUD, rTMS could be a useful tool for lowering cocaine craving and consumption.

Trial registration

The study number on clinicalTrials.gov is NCT03607591.
Dosing intact birch pollen grains at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to the immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B
Authors: Candeias Joana , Schmidt-Weber Carsten B. , Buters Jeroen
Published: November 2021

In real life, humans are exposed to whole pollen grains at the air epithelial barrier. We developed a system for in vitro dosing of whole pollen grains at the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) and studied their effect on the immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Pollen are sticky and large particles. Dosing pollen needs resuspension of single particles rather than clusters, and subsequent transportation to the cells with little loss to the walls of the instrumentation i.e. in a straight line. To avoid high speed impacting insults to cells we chose sedimentation by gravity as a delivery step. Pollen was resuspended into single particles by pressured air. A pollen dispersion unit including PTFE coating of the walls and reduced air pressure limited impaction loss to the walls. The loss of pollen to the system was still about 40%. A linear dose effect curve resulted in 327-2834 pollen/cm2 (± 6.1%), the latter concentration being calculated as the amount deposited on epithelial cells on high pollen days. After whole pollen exposure, the largest differential gene expression at the transcriptomic level was late, about 7 hours after exposure. Inflammatory and response to stimulus related genes were up-regulated. We developed a whole pollen exposure air-liquid interface system (Pollen-ALI), in which cells can be gently and reliably dosed.
At home and online during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the relationship to alcohol consumption in a national sample of U.S. adults
Authors: Chartier Karen G. , Guidry Jeanine P. D. , Lee Catherine A. , Buckley Thomas D.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The current study aimed to understand the links between social media use and alcohol consumption during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

Data were from the national Understanding American Study, a probability-based Internet panel weighted to represent the U.S. population. Subjects (N = 5874; 51% female) were adults, 18 years and older, who completed a March survey (wave 1) and a follow-up survey one month later (wave 3). Analyses assessed the relationships of social media use at wave 1 with wave 3 alcohol use frequency, accounting for wave 1 alcohol use frequency and the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. Two alcohol use change variables were also assessed as outcomes–increased and decreased alcohol use between waves. We considered the effect of work status changes (working/studying from home and job loss) as potential moderators.

Results

Twitter and Instagram users and users of multiple social media platforms, but not Facebook users, drank more frequently at wave 3. The results were similar when assessing relationships between social media use and increased alcohol use between waves. For Instagram users, more frequent alcohol use at wave 3 was at least partially attributed to drinking frequency at wave 1. Additionally, working/studying from home at wave 3 and employment (rather than job loss) were associated with greater consumption. The interaction effect between Twitter use and working/studying from home was statistically significant in association with alcohol use frequency at wave 3, as was the interaction effect between using multiple platforms and working/studying from home in association with decreased alcohol use between waves.

Discussion

Exposure to content about COVID-19 and increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic may have contributed to more frequent alcohol use for some social media users. The study of public health messaging via social media to change alcohol use behaviors during traumatic events is warranted.
Differential effects of COVID-19 and containment measures on mental health: Evidence from ITA.LI—Italian Lives, the Italian household panel
Authors: Lucchini Mario , Gerosa Tiziano , Pancheva Marta , Pisati Maurizio , Respi Chiara , Riva Egidio
Published: November 2021

This study used a subsample of a household panel study in Italy to track changes in mental health before the onset of COVID-19 and into the first lockdown period, from late April to early September 2020. The results of the random-effects regression analyses fitted on a sample of respondents aged 16 years and older (N = 897) proved that there was a substantial and statistically significant short-term deterioration in mental health (from 78,5 to 67,9; β = -10.5, p < .001; Cohen’s d -.445), as measured by a composite index derived from the mental component of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). The findings also showed heterogeneity in the COVID-related effects. On the one hand, evidence has emerged that the pandemic acted as a great leveller of pre-existing differences in mental health across people of different ages: the decrease was most pronounced among those aged 16–34 (from 84,2 to 66,5; β = -17.7, p < .001; Cohen’s d -.744); however, the magnitude of change reduced as age increased and turned to be non-significant among individuals aged 70 and over. On the other hand, the COVID-19 emergency widened the mental health gender gap and created new inequalities, based on the age of the youngest child being taken care of within the household.
Black raspberry restores the expression of the tumor suppressor p120ctn in the oral cavity of mice treated with the carcinogen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene diol epoxide
Authors: Stairs Douglas B. , Landmesser Mary E. , Aliaga Cesar , Chen Kun-Ming , Sun Yuan-Wan , El-Bayoumy Karam
Published: November 2021

One of the major risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is tobacco smoke exposure, but the mechanisms that can account for disease development remain to be fully defined. Utilizing our HNSCC mouse model, we analyzed oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) induced by the active metabolite of a common smoke constituent, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene diol-epoxide (DBPDE). Analyzing protein expression by either immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry, we identified biologic processes that are dysregulated in premalignant and invasive cancer lesions induced by DBPDE. Interestingly, p120ctn expression is downregulated in both stages of the disease. In addition to decreased p120ctn expression, there was also increased proliferation (as measured by Ki67), inflammation (as measured by NFkB (p65) expression), neovascularization (as measured by CD31) and recruitment of Ly6G-positive immune cells as well as strong EGFR expression. We also examined the effect of the chemopreventive agent black raspberry (BRB) on p120ctn and EGFR protein expression in DBPDE treated mice. p120ctn, but not EGFR, protein expression increased in mice treated with BRB. Our results suggest that modulation of p120ctn may, in part, account for the mechanism by which BRB inhibits DBPDE induced OSCC in mice.
Whole genome sequencing and characteristics of Escherichia coli with co-existence of ESBL and mcr genes from pigs
Authors: Trongjit Suthathip , Chuanchuen Rungtip
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to analyze three ESBL-producing E. coli co-harboring mcr and ESBL genes from a healthy fattening pig (E. 431) and two sick pigs (ECP.81 and ECP.82) in Thailand using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) using either Illumina MiSeq or HiSeq PE150 platforms to determine their genome and transmissible plasmids. E. 431 carrying mcr-2.1 and mcr-3.1 belonged to serotype O142:H31 with ST29 sequence type. ECP.81 and ECP.82 from sick pigs harboring mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1 were serotype O9:H9 with ST10. Two mcr-1.1 gene cassettes from ECP.81 and ECP.82 were located on IncI2 plasmid with 98% identity to plasmid pHNSHP45. The mcr-2.1-carrying contig in E. 431 showed 100% identity to plasmid pKP37-BE with the upstream flanking sequence of IS1595. All three mcr-3.1-carrying contigs contained the ΔTnAs2-mcr-3.1-dgkA core segment and had high nucleotide similarity (85–100%) to mcr-3.1-carrying plasmid, pWJ1. The mobile elements i.e. IS4321, ΔTnAs2, ISKpn40 and IS3 were identified in the flanking regions of mcr-3. Several genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2b, aph(3’’)-Ib, aph(3’)-IIa and aph(6)-Id), macrolides (mdf(A)), phenicols (cmlA1), sulphonamide (sul3) and tetracycline (tet(A) and tet(M)) were located on plasmids, of which their presence was well corresponded to the host’s resistance phenotype. Amino acid substitutions S83L and D87G in GyrA and S80I and E62K in ParC were observed. The blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-55 genes were identified among these isolates additionally harbored blaTEM-1B. Co-transfer of mcr-1.1/blaTEM-1B and mcr-3.1/blaCTX-M-55 was observed in ECP.81 and ECP.82 but not located on the same plasmid. The results highlighted that application of advanced innovation technology of WGS in AMR monitoring and surveillance provide comprehensive information of AMR genotype that could yield invaluable benefits to development of control and prevention strategic actions plan for AMR.
Physical activity and sleep during the first week of anorexia nervosa inpatient care
Authors: Langlet Billy , Vestermark Fannie , Stolt Josefin , Zandian Modjtaba , Södersten Per , Bergh Cecilia
Published: November 2021

Background

Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa are often described as restless, hyperactive and having disturbed sleep. The result reproducibility and generalisability of these results are low due to the use of unreliable methods, different measurement methods and outcome measures. A reliable method to measure both physical activity and sleep is through accelerometry. The main purpose of the study was to quantify the physical activity and sleeping behaviour of anorexia nervosa patients. Another purpose was to increase result reproducibility and generalisability of the study.

Material and methods

Accelerometer data were collected from the first week of treatment of anorexia nervosa at an inpatient ward. Raw data from the Axivity AX3©accelerometer was used with the open-source package GGIR for analysis, in the free statistical software R. Accelerometer measurements were transformed into euclidean norm minus one with negative values rounded to zero (ENMO). Physical activity measurements of interest were 24h average ENMO, daytime average ENMO, inactivity, light activity, moderate activity, and vigorous activity. Sleep parameters of interest were sleep duration, sleep efficiency, awakenings, and wake after sleep onset. The sleep duration of different age groups was compared to recommendations by the National Sleep Foundation using a Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Of 67 patients, due to data quality 58 (93% female) were included in the analysis. Average age of participants was 17.8 (±6.9) years and body mass index was 15.5 (±1.9) kg/m2. Daytime average ENMO was 17.4 (±5.1) mg. Participants spent 862.6 (±66.2) min per day inactive, 88.4 (±22.6) min with light activities, 25.8 (±16.7) min with moderate activities and 0.5 (±1.8) min with vigorous activities. Participants slept for 461.0 (±68.4) min, waking up 1.45 (±1.25) times per night for 54.6 (±35.8) min, having an average sleep quality of 0.88 (±0.10). 31% of participants met sleep recommendations, with a significantly higher number of 6–13 year old patients failing to reach recommendations compared to 14–25 year old patients.

Conclusion

The patient group spent most of their time inactive at the beginning of treatment. Most patients failed to reach sleep recommendations. The use of raw data and opensource software should ensure result reproducibility, enable comparison across points in treatment and comparison with healthy individuals.
On prediction of aided behavioural measures using speech auditory brainstem responses and decision trees
Authors: Perugia Emanuele , BinKhamis Ghada , Schlittenlacher Josef , Kluk Karolina
Published: November 2021

Current clinical strategies to assess benefits from hearing aids (HAs) are based on self-reported questionnaires and speech-in-noise (SIN) tests; which require behavioural cooperation. Instead, objective measures based on Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) to speech stimuli would not require the individuals’ cooperation. Here, we re-analysed an existing dataset to predict behavioural measures with speech-ABRs using regression trees. Ninety-two HA users completed a self-reported questionnaire (SSQ-Speech) and performed two aided SIN tests: sentences in noise (BKB-SIN) and vowel-consonant-vowels (VCV) in noise. Speech-ABRs were evoked by a 40 ms [da] and recorded in 2x2 conditions: aided vs. unaided and quiet vs. background noise. For each recording condition, two sets of features were extracted: 1) amplitudes and latencies of speech-ABR peaks, 2) amplitudes and latencies of speech-ABR F0 encoding. Two regression trees were fitted for each of the three behavioural measures with either feature set and age, digit-span forward and backward, and pure tone average (PTA) as possible predictors. The PTA was the only predictor in the SSQ-Speech trees. In the BKB-SIN trees, performance was predicted by the aided latency of peak F in quiet for participants with PTAs between 43 and 61 dB HL. In the VCV trees, performance was predicted by the aided F0 encoding latency and the aided amplitude of peak VA in quiet for participants with PTAs ≤ 47 dB HL. These findings indicate that PTA was more informative than any speech-ABR measure, as these were relevant only for a subset of the participants. Therefore, speech-ABRs evoked by a 40 ms [da] are not a clinical predictor of behavioural measures in HA users.
Changes in secoiridoids content and chemical characteristics of cultivated and wild Algerian olive oil, in term of fruit maturation
Authors: Faci Massinissa , Douzane Malika , Hedjal Mariem , Daas Mohamed Seghir , Fougere Laëtitia , Lesellier Eric
Published: November 2021

Wild varieties in nature are known to be better adapted to climate change and more resistant to arid conditions common in some regions of the world. Oil samples of two cultivated varieties, Chemlal and Lemli, and one sylvestris variety were collected at four different harvesting periods in the semi-arid region of Bouira, Algeria. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the genetic and maturity factors on the quality indices (acidity, peroxides value, and the parameters K232, K270), fatty acids profile, phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity of monovarietal olive oils. The study showed that early harvest dates of the fruits produced oils richer in pigments and phenolic compounds, with high antioxidant activity registered in both wild and cultivated varieties. Moreover, all oil samples showed high values of secoiridoids exceeding 60–90% of total biophenols, with higher values found in oleaster oils, which are correlated with high resistance to oxidation attacks. UHPLC-DAD and UHPLC-HRMS analyses showed that the secoiridoids composition is dominated by a profile rich in several isomers of oleuropein and ligstroside aglycons, which in turn represent more than 60% of the total secoiridoids in olive and Oleaster oils. Furthermore, chemometric analysis on the data allowed a better appreciation of the sensitivity of the virgin olive oil composition to the changes in genetic and ripening factors. According to the principal component analysis, phenolic and fatty acid profiles were the most important components contributing to the discrimination between olive oil samples.
Sampling site for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR—An intrapatient four-site comparison from Tampere, Finland
Authors: Kerimov Dominik , Tamminen Pekka , Viskari Hanna , Lehtimäki Lauri , Aittoniemi Janne
Published: November 2021

Background

SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis relies on the performance of nasopharyngeal swabs. Alternative sample sites have been assessed but the heterogeneity of the studies have made comparing different sites difficult.

Objectives

Our aim was to compare the performance of four different sampling sites for SARS-CoV-2 samples with nasopharynx being the benchmark.

Study design

COVID-19 positive patients were recruited prospectively, and samples were collected and analysed for SARS-CoV-2 with RT-PCR from all four anatomical sites in 43 patients, who provided written informed consent.

Results

All anterior nasal and saliva samples were positive, while two oropharyngeal samples were negative. There was no significant difference in the cycle threshold values of nasopharyngeal and anterior nasal samples while saliva and oropharynx had higher cycle threshold values.

Conclusions

Anterior nasal swab performs as good as nasopharynx swab with saliva also finding all the positives but with higher cycle threshold values. Thus, we can conclude that anterior nasal swabs can be used for SARS-CoV-2 detection instead of nasopharyngeal swabs if the situation would require so.
Teacher Perceptions of Student Developmental Needs: It’s all Emotional
Authors: Hinchcliff Elizabeth , Newberry Melissa ,   Brigham Young University, Provo
Published: November 2021

Previous research has suggested that emotional and social developmental domains configure most prominently for adolescents in the classroom. In this qualitative study, we first aimed to explore teachers’ perspectives of students’ needs, then to explore the ways that teachers came to understand those needs, and how that understanding informed their practice of attending to student needs in the classroom. Findings suggest that teachers, also, are more attuned to the emotional domain, interpreting all needs displayed by students through an emotional lens. Additionally, teachers used emotion as an entry point to connect with students and sought to support student development through attending to personal relationships, creating safe learning spaces, and showing care for students. Teachers’ sources of emotional awareness varied through personal histories and experiences in the profession. Implications for teacher preparation programs are discussed, including the need for greater focus to prepare teachers for the emotion needs of their students.
Establishing occupational health & safety management system at the University of Tripoli according to the German universities
Authors: Albarouni Mohamed Abdulhakim , Shafighi Najla
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the possibility of implementing and establishing the Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OHSMS) program that contributes significantly to improving the level of services provided by universities in Libya. This purpose relied on a quantitative and descriptive-analytical approach, which is based on describing the phenomenon and then providing explanations related to the implementation of OHSMS. Several statistical analysis tools were used to analyze the questionnaire in this paper using SPSS. The target respondents are students, faculty, and administration employees at the University of Tripoli in Libya. The results of the study revealed a set of results, the most important of which are: there is currently no effective system or effective measures for occupational health and safety at the university, as well as the absence of any health services at the university, as there is no private doctor at the university. The study also recommended the necessity of establishing a special department for occupational health and safety at the university as well as the necessity of paying attention to training university employees on occupational health and safety to enhance their awareness and the formation of specialized cadres in this field.
Constipation is Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With de novo Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kang Sung Hoon , Lee Jungyeun , Koh Seong-Beom
Published: November 2021

Objective The association between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and cognitive profile in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) at diagnosis remains unclear, although GI symptoms and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent in patients with PD. We investigated the relationship between constipation and cognitive status. We also aimed to identify the correlation between constipation and each neuropsychological dysfunction.Methods A total of 427 patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease with normal cognition (PD-NC, n = 170) and Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 257) at Korea University Guro Hospital in Seoul, Korea were included. All patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological tests and completed the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS). The frequency and severity of constipation were assessed using the NMSS GI symptoms scale, we used logistic regression analysis and partial correlation analysis to determine the associations between constipation score, MCI, and each neuropsychological dysfunction.Results Frequent and severe constipation was associated with MCI in patients with PD at diagnosis regardless of disease severity. Specifically, constipation was related to poor performance in frontal-executive and visuospatial functions after controlling for age and sex.Conclusion Our findings may provide an understanding of constipation as a marker associated with cognitive impairment in individuals with PD. Therefore, the evaluation of cognitive function is warranted in PD patients with constipation, while further studies are necessary to investigate the detailed mechanism of our results.
DieRhetorica ad Alexandrumund die attischen Redner: Politische Differenzierung und praktische Rhetorik im Griechenland des 4. Jhd. v. Chr.
Authors: Piepenbrink Karen
Published: November 2021

DieRhetorica ad Alexandrumgilt allgemein als ausnehmend praxisorientierte rhetorische Schrift. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Forschung sucht der Beitrag zu zeigen, dass ihr Praxisbezug nicht vorrangig am zeitgenössischen Athen orientiert ist, sondern eher am Typus einer gemäßigt demokratisch verfassten Polis. Entsprechend vermag die Schrift uns wichtige Hinweise auf die rhetorische Praxis gerade auch außerhalb Athens zu geben.
The Administration of Syria under Alexander the Great
Authors: Kholod Maxim М.
Published: November 2021

The author is of the opinion that as a result of Alexander the Great’s conquest of Syria (late 333–332 BC), which had been a single administrative entity under the Achaemenids, it was divided into two satrapies – the northern and the southern one. He believes that Menon, son of Cerdimmas, was appointed as the first head of the northern satrapy (winter 333/332), to be replaced by Arimmas (early spring 331), who, in his turn, was succeeded by Asclepiodorus, son of Eunicus (late summer 331). Besides, it seems that Andromachus became the first head of the southern satrapy (shortly before winter 332/331), and after he was killed, Menon, transferred from the north to the south, took his place (early spring 331). Already in Alexander’s lifetime, probably in 329/328, Syria was once again merged into one satrapy. It is unclear who was installed as satrap of the unified region. At any rate, it could not have been Menes, son of Dionysius: the hypothesis that in winter 331/330 he was made satrap of the new province including Syria and Cilicia does not stand scrutiny. In the author’s view, the main task Alexander assigned to Menes was to take control and then to keep open and organized the sea communications with the coast of Syria, Phoenicia and Cilicia, and in the matters concerning these activities Menes was fully independent of the local satraps.
Experimental Investigation of the Cutting Force Measurements in Machinability Evaluations of Metals
Authors: Ren F. Z. , Zhang D. W. , Volinsky A. A.
Published: November 2021

Cutting tools need to be changed constantly while the machinability of materials is evaluated by cutting force measurements. However, little attention has been paid to the variation of the cutting force caused by such a tool change. In this study, a homogeneous material was used as the cutting object and an ordinary, mechanically clamped, external cutting tool was used. For the same cutting parameters, when the tool wear can be ignored, the effects of the insert resetting and the whole mechanically clamped cutting tool remounting on the main cutting force were examined. The change in the cutting force caused by the insert resetting and replacing is less than 2 %, while that caused by remounting of the whole mechanically clamped cutting tool is as great as 11 %. If the cutting force is used to evaluate the machinability of materials, a mechanically clamped tool should be used, and the insert can be replaced, but the tool holder should be mounted once only for all subsequent tests. This conclusion is very important for accurate measurement of the cutting force and accurate evaluation of the metal machinability.
Off-Target Expression of Cre-Dependent Adeno-Associated Viruses in Wild-Type C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Botterill Justin J. , Khlaifia Abdessattar , Walters Brandon J. , Brimble Mark A. , Scharfman Helen E. , Arruda-Carvalho Maithe
Published: November 2021

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a commonly used tool in neuroscience to efficiently label, trace, and/or manipulate neuronal populations. Highly specific targeting can be achieved through recombinase-dependent AAVs in combination with transgenic rodent lines that express Cre-recombinase in specific cell types. Visualization of viral expression is typically achieved through fluorescent reporter proteins (e.g., GFP or mCherry) packaged within the AAV genome. Although nonamplified fluorescence is usually sufficient to observe viral expression, immunohistochemical amplification of the fluorescent reporter is routinely used to improve viral visualization. In the present study, Cre-dependent AAVs were injected into the neocortex of wild-type C57BL/6J mice. While we observed weak but consistent nonamplified off-target double inverted open reading frame (DIO) expression in C57BL/6J mice, antibody amplification of the GFP or mCherry reporter revealed notable Cre-independent viral expression. Off-target expression of DIO constructs in wild-type C57BL/6J mice occurred independent of vendor, AAV serotype, or promoter. We also evaluated whether Cre-independent expression had functional effects via designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). The DREADD agonist C21 (compound 21) had no effect on contextual fear conditioning or c-Fos expression in DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry+cells of C57BL/6J mice. Together, our results indicate that DIO constructs have off-target expression in wild-type subjects. Our findings are particularly important for the design of experiments featuring sensitive systems and/or quantitative measurements that could be negatively impacted by off-target expression.
Financialization and Wage Inequality in Urban China
Authors: Roberts Anthony , Bao Luoman
Published: November 2021

The growth of wage inequality during a period of rapid economic development and reform in China raises questions about the nature of economic stratification in contemporary Chinese society. The most prominent explanation is that the transition to a market economy contributed to the growth of wage inequality by increasing the returns to human capital and skill in China. However, recent research suggests that the labor market in China is highly segmented across economic sectors because of preferential state investment and reform of strategic sectors. We contend that the growth and prominence of the financial sector in China empowered financial labor to obtain greater compensation, which created a wage premium in the sector. Drawing on nationally representative data on Chinese urban households, we test this argument by estimating adjusted wage differentials between financial and non-financial sectors across the distribution of earnings since the late 1980s. Estimates show that a wage premium emerged in the mid-1990s for low, median, and high earners in the financial sector. Over the next two decades, wage disparities within the financial sector increased as the wage premium shrank for low earners in the sector while expanding for high earners in the sector. We find that this dynamic is explained by growing occupational stratification in the financial sector, where the wage premium greatly expanded for the highest-paid managers and executives. Overall, this study extends the literature on contemporary economic inequality in China by identifying how excessive compensation among top earners in the financial sector contributed to wage inequality.
A Modern Model of the Educational Environment of the University with Regard to the Context of its Historic Developmen
Authors:   Far Eastern State University of Railway Transport, Korneenko Tatiana Nickolaevna
Published: November 2021

For several centuries, the mission of the university, original created for the intellectual and cultural development of man, has changed little. The main task of the university is undergoing changes today. The growing antropogical contradiction: the uncertainty of the future, enormous technological variability and existential unpreparedness for this person, contributes to the revision of the university model. The purpose of the article is to develop a pedagogical model of the university that can respond to modern challenges. Methodology. The university always focuses on the future, accepts young people who will develop this future, so the emphasis of modern methodology in the design of educational systems should be “from the future”. This means that it should be based on the reflection of existing phenomena in culture today (see V.S. Stepin). In this work, university models from the late 17th century to the beginning of the 21st century were selected as materials of research in this work and their missions were analyzed. It is concluded that the era influences the formation of the university’s mission, its purpose, goals and methods of education. In particular, classical university education has always been built on three vectors: the vector of the search for the ideal self, the vector of social identification and the vector of cultural identification. In the modern period, the advantage of the vector of socialization over others is increasing. The results of the study. The pedagogical model of education at a modern university is presented. The basis is the thought of M.K. Mamardashvili about a self-fulfilling person and the principles of liberal education: the principle of active independent activity efforts, the principle of a varied educational environment, the principle of volumetric communication, communicativeness and creativity, the principle of reliance on independent learning. Thus, the modern educational environment of the university should be a varied, multi-level, practice-oriented, reflective environment in which 3 educational vectors are concentrated: the search for one’s purpose (idealization), cultural identification and social self-realization. Their combination allows us to overcome the one-sided emphasis of the educational process on socialization. The results of the research may be applied in design and implementation performance of blended learning models or their components in practice of universities.
Modern Directions of Implementation of Volunteer Practices and Existing Volunteer Training Systems in the Regions of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Bokova Ol’ga Aleksandrovna , Mel’nikova Yuliya Anatol’evna ,   Altai State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the specifics of the implementation of volunteer practices in the regions of Russia based on the material of available Internet sources. The authors believe that conducting a psychological and pedagogical study of programs for the implementation of volunteer (volunteer) activities will make it possible to predict the formation of a social institution of volunteering (volunteering) and develop scientifically based recommendations for the application and dissemination of effective practices of volunteering. The purpose of the article is, on the basis of theoretical analysis, to identify and substantiate the current directions for the implementation of volunteer practices and the features of training volunteers on the example of the Tomsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk regions and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of structuring the understanding of volunteer activities in the regions of the Russian Federation through the prism of axiological, system-activity, culturological and project methodological approaches. It is shown that volunteer practices and the work of volunteers themselves are structured on the basis of a combination of these approaches and traditionally fit into extra-curricular activities to a large extent. In conclusion, it is concluded that the implementation of volunteer practices is carried out through a combination of various approaches, therefore it should be considered as a multimodal educational and educational practice. The training of volunteers is structured through a combination of forms of individual, group, collective work, but it is not systemic, which requires the additional development of a set of standardized and validated tools to assess the effectiveness of the results of the implementation of volunteer programs.
The Involvement of School Teachers in the Prosess of Practice-Oriented Training of Students at Pedagogical University
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Stepanova Inga Yurievna , Adolf Vladimir Alexandrovich ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University name V.P. Astafyev, Nikitenko Julia Alexandrovna ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: November 2021

The requirements of the modern system of general education determine the need to give the training of a studying pedagogical university a practical-oriented nature. Thus, the issue of how to involve teachers of general education organizations in the training process is updated. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the identified prerequisites for involving teachers of general education organizations in practical-oriented training of students in pedagogical areas, as well as to reveal the potential possibility of implementing the plan. Research methodology and methods. The foundations are a practical-oriented approach to the implementation of educational programs in the direction of «Pedagogical Education», a problematic approach that involves targeted search activity of new solutions, research in action. Applied methods: analysis of special literature, study of experience, survey, pedagogical modeling. Conclusion. A method of structuring the content of training in a task form is justified, which allows you to control the process of conscious mastery by students of pedagogical activities, to constructively approach the mastery of professional actions. It is shown in various ways that the implementation of the proposed method requires the involvement of teachers. Based on the survey data, the potential of teachers to be involved in the training of students in pedagogical fields is analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the existing reserves of motivation. A proposal is made to create vocational training platforms as new forms of vocational and educational cooperation between teachers, teachers and students, their model-semantic description is given.
Green design and recycling systems for solving the dilemma of disposable chopsticks waste caused by online food delivery: A review
Authors: Fu Yudong , Zhu Jiangang
Published: November 2021

With the rapid advancement of online food delivery and takeaway markets, the use of disposable chopsticks has exponentially increased in China, resulting in the reduction of forest resources and the generation of large amounts of chopstick waste. This review summarizes a variety of methods to produce eco-friendly chopsticks with the aim of enabling a second life cycle for chopstick waste. The related practical recycling systems and policies based on government experience in developed regions are proposed. Furthermore, perspectives with regard to the future development of waste chopsticks recycling systems are also discussed.
STRESS AMONG UNIVERSITY TEACHERS: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN BULGARIA
Authors: Valkov P. , Peeva K.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to assess the levels of perceived stress among university teachers and to investigate whether a statistically significant relationship exists between perceived stress scores and age, sex, marital status, workload, financial status, years of teaching and physical activity of university teachers.
Method: The research was carried out at Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. The sample was comprised of 86 university teachers. For statistical processing of the data were used descriptive analysis, Student's T-test and ANOVA with Dunnett's Post Hoc Tests for comparing the means. The IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 25th Version software was used to analyse the data.
Results: There were no significant differences in the level of stress when the respondents were grouped as to age, sex, marital status and workload while a significant difference was found between perceived stress score and financial status, years of teaching, and physical activity.
Conclusion: Stress among university teachers is a serious problem that requires additional research with a larger sample. University teachers should adopt positive coping strategies, such as regular rest and physical activity. Specific recommendations for coping with stress are suggested.
Dam-break computations by a finite volume on dry regions
Authors: Boushaba Farid , Daoudi Salah , Yachouti Ahmed , Regad Youssef
Published: November 2021

This paper presents numerical solvers, based on the finite volume method. This scheme solves dam break problems on the dry bottom in 2D configuration. The difficulty of the simulation of this type of problem lies in the propagation of shocks on the dry bottom. The equation model used is the shallow water equations written in conservative form. The scheme used is second order in space and time. The method is modified to treat dry bottoms. The validity of the method is demonstrated over the dam break example. A comparison with finite elements shows the weakness and robustness of each method.
Remote Employment: Expansion of Anti-Migration Factors (Using a Number of Federal Entities of the Southern Federal District As an Example)
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana , Mitrofanova Inna
Published: November 2021

The relevance of the problem under consideration is related to the expansion of distance employment both in connection with the development of digital economy and under the influence of the pandemic as a new phenomenon that can affect migration. The purpose of this article is to identify the possibility of the emergence of new anti-migration factors, new measures to consolidate the population in a particular territory in connection with the development of remote employment. In contrast to the existing studies of labor migration and remote employment, a synthesis of these processes is proposed, the understanding of which has not yet been reflected in scientific papers, as the analysis of the scientific works showed. Methodology of the study is based on the results of theoretical understanding of sociological surveys of Internet recruitment data for the reasons and directions of labor migration and distance employment. People who leave for other regions and are engaged in remote work are in general characterized by higher education, relatively young age and the desire to move to large cities with developed infrastructure. Nevertheless, they differ in the types of work performed. When working remotely, they are engaged in IT technologies, accounting, audit, and legal services. During labor migration, they work in construction industry, enterprises of raw materials extraction, and industrial production, i.e. jobs involving hard physical labor. At the same time young people are more focused on intellectual work and are not interested in physical work. It is facilitated by the focus of the current education system on the development of creativity and project activities with little attention paid to the development of physical abilities. The development of distance employment is just a new factor in the consolidation of the permanently settled population in the region. For this purpose, it is suggested to change the approaches to infrastructure development, which is confirmed by the experience, for example, of Innopolis and the proactive formation of individual labor careers, primarily for native population but also for the newly arrived people. Such a policy is most important for the federal entities of the Southern Federal District the reason for moving to which is a unique natural factor and a favorable climate.
Genetically Engineered Biologic Drugs in Management of Children with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Zaytseva Svetlana V. , Tomilova Anna U. , Zaytseva Olga V. , Voronina Olga B. , Murtazaeva Olga A. , Mukhortykh Valeriy A. , Tsymbal Irina N.
Published: November 2021

Current article represents the modern clinical guidelines on management of severe bronchial asthma (BA) in children and practical use of genetically engineered biologic drugs. Clinical efficacy and safety of omalizumab has its special role. Efficacy analysis was carried out in real-life' clinical setting (considering high economical expenses of biological treatment) to estimate effective response predictors and principles of patients selection for such therapy. Two years of anti-IgE treatment experience in inpatient pediatric department settings demonstrates that omalizumab inclusion to treatment of children with severe asthma resistant to standard therapy allows to solve asthma symptoms, to forgo high doses inhaled glucocorticosteroids, to improve lung function parameters, and to increase significantly quality of life in 95% of our patients.
El rol del quitosano en el futuro de la endodoncia regenerativa. Revision Narrativa
Authors: Leal Pavez Jaime Ignacio , Vera Bustos Lalfa Arlette , Herrera Torres Jose Pablo
Published: November 2021

La endodoncia regenerativa está fundamentada en los principios de ingeniería tisular: Células, Factores de crecimiento y Andamios. Estos últimos cumplen la función de soporte para las células. Siendo el más utilizado para este fin el propio coágulo del paciente. Se han propuesto una gran variedad de tipos de andamios. En la literatura actual se estudia un andamio a base de nanopartículas de quitosano. Este presenta resultados in vitro prometedores por su capacidad antimicrobiana y la posibilidad de una liberación “controlada” del elemento, la cual está cargada a la nanopartícula. Si se adaptan estos aspectos la revascularización podría mejorar su tasa de predictibilidad. Ante esta posibilidad, es imprescindible describir el rol del quitosano y combinaciones que tenga con otros materiales en los procedimientos de regeneración endodóntica. Para realizar la investigación, se utilizó las bases de datos de pubmed y Scopus como también las revistas especializadas “Journal of Endodontics” y la “International Journal Endodontics”. La escasa literatura indica que en estudios in vivos, no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la utilización del quitosano como andamio y el coágulo del paciente. El quitosano por sí solo no mejora los resultados en endodoncia regenerativa en dientes no vitales, esta situación cambia cuando se asocia a un factor de crecimiento (solo evaluado en estudios in vitro). Ante esta situación es imperante seguir realizando estudios con fórmulas mejoradas.
Coupled THM analysis of a full-scale test for high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel disposal under actual repository conditions during 18 years of operation
Authors: Sánchez Marcelo , Pomaro Beatrice , Gens Antonio
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) analysis of the behaviour of a full-scale engineered barriers experiment designed to study the long-term response of a disposal concept for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and spent fuel (SF). Crucially, the test involved two dismantling operations, a partial one after 5 years of heating and a final one, after 18·3 years of operation, allowing the direct observation of the state of the barrier at two different times. The coupled THM modelling discussed in this paper mainly focuses on the last 13 years of test operation and also on the final dismantling of the barrier system. The numerical model was unchanged from the early stages of the test, so the results presented can be considered as blind predictions. The numerical model predicted reasonably well the state of the barrier and its evolution, especially in terms of the distribution of the bentonite dry density, confirming the predictive capability of the model to capture the transient THM processes. The combination of experimental and numerical investigations, involving one of the most long-lasting full-scale in situ experiments monitoring the behaviour of the barrier components of an HLW/SF repository, has led to a better understanding of the THM behaviour of this complex system.