bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le lien entre l’individu et l’opportunité entrepreneuriale : une reconceptualisation du puzzle
Authors: Ghamgui Nizar , Soparnot Richard
Published: November 2020

Le manque de clarté sur la conceptualisation de l’opportunité entrepreneuriale est une raison majeure pour laquelle les recherches sur le lien entre l’individu et l’opportunité connaissent des progrès limités. C’est principalement le débat sur l’aspect subjectif et objectif de l’opportunité qui rend difficile l’élaboration d’une théorie entrepreneuriale cohérente et solide. Nous abordons ce problème en mobilisant la Strong Structuration Theory qui permet d’avoir une analyse approfondie de ce processus social. En nous appuyant sur une étude qualitative de la création de huit entreprises, nous apportons une réponse au puzzle de la théorie entrepreneuriale en proposant une reconceptualisation du lien entre l’individu et l’opportunité.
Prolegómenos al estudio de la literatura memorialística de los refugiados españoles de 1939 en Argelia
Authors: Navarro Pastor Santiago
Published: November 2020

Este artículo se centra en la literatura testimonial de quienes abandonaron España al final de la Guerra Civil española en 1939 y se establecieron accidentalmente en la Argelia francesa, donde muchos de ellos afrontaron experiencias en campos de internamiento como trabajadores forzados. En el trabajo se caracteriza sumariamente este corpus, que abarca unos 30 títulos, la mayoría de los cuales son obra de escritores no profesionales. En segundo lugar, se presta atención a un ejemplo de esta literatura, las memorias de Carlos Jiménez Margalejo (2008), con el objeto de destacar su singularidad dentro de este grupo de textos, escritos en su mayoría en español o francés.
Una exposició en plural. "Feminismes!" (CCCB. Barcelona, 19 de juliol del 2019 – 5 de gener del 2020)
Authors: Lo Cascio Paola
Published: November 2020

Ressenya de l'exposició "Feminismes!" (CCCB. Barcelona, 19 de juliol del 2019 – 5 de gener del 2020)
New genetic technologies and the problem of anthropological boundaries: from ethics of an individual towards ethics of species
Authors: Popova Olga
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of transformation of anthropological boundaries in the context of development of technologies of modification of human genome. Analysis is conducted on the development of genetic technologies and the questions of ethics. The author examines modern technologies of modification of human genome and demonstrates that appearance of the method CRISPR/Cas 9 accelerated the already existing and widespread in transhumanistic circles request for biotechnological enhancement of a human. In future, in the context of loosening normative regulations it would only intensify. Amplified by the emergence of new technological instrument, this request instigated the occurrence of perfectionist horizon of expectations and broadening of representations on the limits of physical and mental abilities of a human. The article employs general theoretical philosophical approach, as well as methodology of fantastic modeling and case study. The conclusion is made that within the framework of development of biology of the objects of human genesis, which are acquired unnaturally and may become the material for unlimited manipulative intervention, is always associated with vagueness of ethical standards. The edges of life and death, wholeness and inferiority of existence in this case seem indefinite, formed exclusively upon request of certain medical and research tasks. The initial stage of human existence indicated ontological uncertainty and ethical ambivalence that does not guarantee the protection of human being. Therefore, the advancement of technologies of human genome modification puts human in a problem of limiting the manipulative procedures, creation of an essential normative framework that ensures anthropological security.
Philosophical representations on the phenomenon of evil in antique culture
Authors: Gorokhov Pavel Aleksandrovich , Yuzhaninova Ekaterina Rafaelevna
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the existence of philosophical representations on the phenomenon of evil in antique culture and its perennial dialectical correlation with the good. This goal is achieved by interrelated solution of the following tasks: 1) determine the sources of antique philosophical perceptions of good and evil; 2) extract the essence of views of pre-Socratians, thinkers of the high classical period and certain representatives of Hellenistic philosophy upon the problems of good and evil; 3) assess the impact of antique ideas on good and evil upon the medieval philosophical views and modern philosophy. The scientific novelty consists in the first within the national historical-philosophical literature comprehensive assessment of the representations of antique philosophy upon the nature of evil. The author explores the genesis of these representations and their spiritual impact upon further development of world philosophy. Ancient Greece along with Ancient Rome, which absorbed its intellectual heritage, did not form the conceptually clear definition of evil; but the reviewed in this article philosophers, in diverse aphoristic forms of pre-philosophical knowledge and extant writings, left a number of paramount observations and reasoning that allow determining the establishment and advancement of the theory of evil in Middle Ages and Modern Age.
Risk factors and prevalence of enteroparasitic diseases in Shellfish Pickers from a lake area in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Santos Rawanderson dos , Porto Wagnner José Nascimento , Moraes Anna Amélia de Paula , Wanderley Flaviana Santos
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis are a public health problem worldwide. There are several risk factors and a high association with some specific labor activities. Objective: The present study assessed the risk factors and prevalence of enteroparasitic diseases in shellfish pickers from one district of Maceió, Alagoas state, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 41 female shellfish pickers including parasitological tests in fecal samples and a questionnaire with objective and subjective questions. Sand samples from their working environment were also analyzed. Results: At least one species of parasite was found in 19.51% of the fecal samples.  Pathogenic species of Giardia lamblia, Trichuris trichiura, Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, from the Ancylostomatidae family, and non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba coli were found. Polyparasitism was diagnosed in 37.5% of the positive samples. A total of 57.14% of sand samples contained hookworm larvae. Regarding the risk factor, low educational level was statistically associated to the presence of parasites (p<0.05). Conclusion: Greater investment in basic education is needed to increase the knowledge about preventive measures against parasitic diseases and the promotion food-handling courses in order to change existing inadequate habits in the community. Basic sanitation is also essential in preventing environmental contamination.
Evaluation of quality of life, functionality and disability in patients with systemic sclerosis in a University Hospital
Authors: Silva Amanda Maria da , Roque Letticia Cristina Santos Cardozo , Gonçalves Rafaela Silva Guimarães , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Tenório Angélica da Silva , Dantas Andréa Tavares
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs that promotes high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the functionality, disability and quality of life of patients with systemic sclerosis and to compare the clinical forms of the disease. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study performed at the Rheumatology Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco (HC-UFPE) from August 2018 to April 2019. The non-probabilistic, convenience sample consisted of 60 patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc), followed at the Rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco. To evaluate the outcomes, the following instruments were used: Cochin Hand Functional Scale (CHFS) for hand function; 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) for quality of life; and Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) for functionality and disability. Results: The mean results for CHFS, SHAQ, SF-12 Physical Component Summary and SF-12 Mental Component Summary were 14.5 (6.0-29.75), 1.01±0.56, 35.04±8.09, 40.94±10.56, respectively. There were no significant differences in CHFS outcomes between patients with diffuse and limited forms of SSc, SHAQ and the mental component of SF-12. However, in the physical component of SF-12, a better score was found in patients with the diffuse form of the disease (p=0.04). Conclusion: Patients with SSc present an important impairment of hand function, quality of life and functional capacity, and those with limited cutaneous form present worse scores of the physical component in the evaluation of quality of life.
Baby-Led Weaning: uma revisão integrativa das evidências científicas de 2011 a 2019
Authors: Vilas Boas Açucena Cardoso , Neri Mayara Márcia Silva , Silva Cynthia Francisca Xavier Costa de Assis , Teixeira Lílian Gonçalves
Published: November 2020

Introdução: O Baby-led weaning (BLW) é uma abordagem alternativa para a introdução alimentar aos lactentes que tem se tornado popular. Objetivo: Investigar as evidências científicas a respeito do método BLW e sua versão modificada Baby-Led Introduction to Solids (BLISS). Métodos: A pesquisa de artigos foi realizada entre junho de 2018 e junho de 2019, por meio da base de dados US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) utilizando as seguintes palavras-chaves: ‘BLW’, ‘Baby-led weaning’, ‘BLISS’, e ‘Baby-Led Introduction to Solids’. Foram incluídos todos os artigos originais encontrados no idioma inglês, publicados entre 2011 e 2019. Resultado: Vinte e cinco estudos foram incluídos na análise. As pesquisas sobre BLW/BLISS focaram principalmente nos temas: características, comportamentos e atitudes de mães e crianças, conhecimento de mães e profissionais de saúde sobre os métodos de introdução alimentar, avaliação de peso e de índice de massa corporal, avaliação da ingestão energética e de nutrientes e avaliação de episódios de engasgo e reflexo de gag das crianças. Conclusão: A maioria das pesquisas aborda experiências relacionadas ao BLW/BLISS e ainda existem poucas evidências sobre o método em termos de adequação de ingestão de energia e nutrientes e de crescimento na infância. Pontos positivos para a criança podem ser observados como aleitamento materno prolongado, maior independência ao se alimentar e melhor resposta à saciedade. Os métodos de introdução alimentar não diferem entre si em relação à ocorrência de episódios de engasgos.
AN INTERMEDIATE BOSON THEORY (Ⅱ)——THE NONLEPTONIC DECAYS OF HYPERONS
Authors: YANG KUO-SHEN  , LU TAN  , LO LIAU-FU  ,   (1)内蒙古大学; (2)天津工学院
Published: November 2020

In this paper; we have applied the intermediate boson theory to discuss the nonleptonic decays of hyperons. The various mechanisms of the nonleptonic decays are considered, the "FMS pole" is explained, and the dynamical basis of the sum1 rule 2 Ξ--= Λ-0+31/2∑0+ is given. The decay rates and asymmetries are calculated, and the results are consistent with the experimental data.
THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE S-MATRIX ELEMENT IN HIGHLY SINGULAR POTENTIAL SCATTERING FOR LARGE IMAGINARY VALUES OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Authors: CHQU LON-SHIANG  ,   中国科学院
Published: November 2020

For the highly singular potential satisfying the conditions of ref. (Ⅰ), it is proved that the partial wave S-matrix element posseses the asymptotic behaviour S(λ,k)～Ce-nImλ as the imaginary values of angular momentum tending to infinity. From this we obtained the following conclusions:(1) The WATSON-SOMMERFELD transformation of the scattering amplitude does not hold.(2) Using the result of ref. (I) and above equation, we get existance of REGGE poles with real part tending to infinity in the little angle neighbourhood of the imaginary axis.
THE EFFECT OF PAIR CORRELATION ON α DECAY IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF Pb208 (Ⅱ)-----THE ALPHA REDUCED WIDTH OF Po ODD A ISOTOPES
Authors: CHEN CHIN-CHUAN  , KAO MAY-CHAUN  , CHEN HSUAN-KEN  ,   南京大学
Published: November 2020

The dependence of absolute values and the relative behavior of a reduced width of Po odd isotopes upon nuclear model wave functions and the radius R0 are investigated, the radius R0 ranging from 8 f to 9.5 f. The results of calculation show that the single configuration wave function and BCS wave function are unsatisfactory, the projected wave function with blocking is better, while the projected wave function without blocking is best. The ratio of the a reduced width of Po211 and the neighboring even A isotope Po210 is insensitive to R0, and is in agreement with the experimental value within ±20%. Compared with experimental data, absolute values of a reduced width and their variation versus mass number A can be satisfactorily described by the projected wave function without blocking, if R0 is taken to be about 8 f.
SCATTERING MATRIX AND EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF AN X-BAND RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE CONTAINING FERRITE POSTS
Authors: HU PEI-KAUNG
Published: November 2020

This paper is intended to describe the properties of nonreciprocal microwave ferrite devices from the four-terminal network analysis. First, the impedance and the scattering matrix of an X-band rectangular waveguide containing a transversely magnetized ferrite post are measured as a function of the (1) diameter of the post, (2) position of the post in the waveguide, and (3) applied d. c. magnetic field. Then, the T-equivalent circuits are obtained from the scattering matrix measurements. Results prove that when a thin ferrite post is placed near a side wall of the guide, it acts essentially as a shunting capacitance. The susceptance decreases with d. c. mangetic field. As far as the impedance is concerned, the post itself behaves like a tuning screw. Finally, the equivalent circuit of a waveguide containing two or more ferrite posts is studied. It is found that when the distance between the two nearest posts is greater then λ/2, the equivalent circuit is simply the "single post" circuits connected in cascade. A phase shift network is used to illustrate the application of the principle of the circuit analysis.
THE EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF DISLOCATION MULTIPLICATION IN SILICON CRYSTALS
Authors: LIU CHEN-MAO  , WANG KWEI-HUA  , HUNG CHING  , YEH I-CHENG
Published: November 2020

The multiplication and inhomogeneous nuckation of dislocations in silicon crystals have been studied under the actions of mechanical and thermal stresses by the chemical etching method. The experimental results indicate that for the production of multiplication and inhomogeneous nucleation of dislocations, thermal stress is equivalent to mechanical stress. Small-angle grain boundary dislocations, as well as individual as-grown dislocations, can act as dislocation sources. The stress concentration at the defects in the interior of the crystal and at the etch pits on the surface of the crystal can induce dislocation nucleation. Multiplication of screw dislocations may occur in the form of cross-glide. Studies of the spacial geometry of the newly-produced dislocation loops show that the Frank-Read mechanism is probably the primary form for dislocation multiplication.Whether a dislocation multiplies or not depends on the value of the resolved stress component acting on the dislocation source, the temperature and the structure characteristics of the dislocation itself, etc.
THE THERMAL DIFFUSE X-RAY SCATTERING AND ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF ZINC
Authors: WU TE-CHAN  , WANG JEN-HUI  ,   中国科学院
Published: November 2020

A method of successive approximation to correct the horizontal and vertical divergences of the diffuse X-ray scattering was developed. The elastic constants of zinc calculated from the corrected thermal diffuse scattering intensity are (in dyne/cm2):c11=1.69,c12=0.394,c13=0.549,c33=0.682,c44=0.429,c66=(1/2c11-1/2c12=0.648. They are found to be in good agreement with those obtained from supersonic measurements.
POLARIZATION OF PROTONS FROM THE C12(d,p)C13 AND Ca40(d,p)Ca41 GROUND STATE REACTIONS
Authors: CHIANG CHENG-LIEH  , YU PAN-SHUI  , HSIEH TZO  , MAO CHEN-LIN  , CHEN YEH-HAO  , LIANG WEN-HSUEH  , WANG CHEN-HSIA  , CHENG WAN-HUI  , CHAO CHUNG-YAO
Published: November 2020

The polarization of protons emitted at six angles from the C12(d,p)C13 and Ca40(d,p)Ca41 ground state reactions has been measured. For the C12 reaction, the data at small angles are very close to the results of previous works, and in agreement with thesemiclassical sign rule jn=ln±1/2,P=(±). The value at θ= 115° has not been mea-sured before, we obtained P = 0.529± 0.068 at this angle. For the Ca40 reaction, the sign of polarization which we found in the region of small angles is also in agreement with the semiclassical sign rule, and is the same as those found in the work of Nemetz and of Boschitz, but is opposite to those obtained by Takeda and Bercaw. This difference may be due to the difference in the deuteron energy used, since in these experiments, the three with higher deuteron energies all gave the same positive sign of polarization while the three with lower deuteron energies all gave the same negative sign. After a survey of the polarization data now available we found that the semiclassical sign rule is still true to a certain degree, and that it may be possible to find out a modified sign rule for the use in the nuclear spectroscopy. In some cases, we found that the pattern of the polarization angular distribution is shifted towards small angles as the deuteron energy is increased, and this may be a characteristic of direct reactions. For the correspondence between the cross-section angular distribution and polarization angular distribution, we found that the position of a minimum in the cross-section curve may correspond to the position of a change in sign or of a maximum absolute value in the polarization curve, and that the position of a maximum in the cross-section curve may also correspond to the position of a change in sign in the polarization curve. We discuss these phenomena by using the distored wave theory.
THE KINEMATIC EFFECT IN THE CLASSICAL DOMAINS AND THE RED SHIFT PHENOMENA OF EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS
Authors: K. H. LOOK  , Z. L. ZOU  , H. Y. GUO  ,   (1)中国科学院北京天文台; (2)中国科学院数学研究所; (3)中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

Starting from the principle of relativity and the local constancy of the light velocity, in this paper we establish a space-time model with the classical domain Dλ(1, 4). We discuss the kinematic effect in it and calculate the frequency shift of the spectral line, and also under the assumption of uniform distribution we compare our result with the observational data of the quasar N-Z relation. Our result shows that the large red shift in the extragalactic objects perhaps is not caused mainly by the Doppler effect, but to a large extent is a distance effect in the λ λ (1, 4) [its group of motion being SO (3,2)] is possibly a better model for large-scale space-time.
PREPARATION AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF HOT-PRESSED FERRITES
Authors: THE HOT-PRESSED FERrITE RESEARCH GROUP  , DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOS  ,   兰州大学
Published: November 2020

Experimental studies have been carried out on the effects of raw material preparation and hot-pressed conditions on the density, microstructure and magnetic properties of hot-pressed Mn-Zn ferrites and Ni-Zn ferrites which are used for magnetic head application. Hot-pressed ferrites have been prepared by two different technologies: the co-precipitation method and the ball-milling method. It was observed that the co-precipitation method is better than the ball-milling method for preparation of hot-pressed ferrites. The microstructure can be controlled by varying the hot-pressed conditions. Dense ferrites of different grain sizes (average grain size 10 μm-300 μm) can be made. For example, dense Mn-Zn ferrites with μ0 = 7420 and Bm = 4950 Gs and dense Ni-Zn ferrites with different μ0(μ0= 100-2500) can be made by hot-pressing.
THE SCALAR-TENSOR GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
Authors: LU QI-HUNG  , LIU YU-FEN  , ZHOU ZHENG-LONG  , GUO HAN-YING  ,   (1)中国科学院北京天文台; (2)中国科学院数学研究所; (3)中国科学院物理研究所; (4)中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

We present the complete proof of the results of our previous paper[1]. Furthermore, we also show that the D-type scalar-tensor waves does not exist.
OCCURRENCE OF LOCALIZED SLIP REGIONS IN ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ALLOYS UNDER FATIGUE LOADING
Authors: HUANG Y. S.  , WANG C. K.  , HSIA Y. P.  , Kg T. S.  ,   沈阳金属研究所
Published: November 2020

Previous studies on aluminum and aluminum-copper alloys have shown that the change of energy loss (△E) under fatigue loading can be divided into two stages. The first stage corresponds to the pinning of dislocations and the rise of △E in the second stage is associated with the occurrence of localized slip regions in the specimen. In order to confirm this viewpoint, torsional fatigue experiments were carried out on aluminum-magnesium alloys containing 0.52, 0.91, 3.46 and 5.15% of magnesium, and the area of the hysteresis loop (stress versus strain) after various stress cycles N was determined, from which the energy loss △E in each cycle was calculated. Results of metallographic observations on the specimen surface after various stress cycles show that for all the alloys used, the change of slip marks exhibits two distinctly different stages. In the first stage, several systems of fine and straight slip lines are often observed, and the slip lines are found to be distributed uniformly over a grain. In the second stage, some of these slip lines are thickened up to form localized slip regions. In general, such localized slip regions occur earlier in alloys with lower magnesium contents (0.52, 0.91%) and under higher applied maximum torsion strains.A comparison was made between the observed changes of the △E-N curves and the occurrence of the localized slip regions. After proper account is taken of the possible superposition of the△E's occurring in the first and second stages, it is shown that the occurrence of localized slip regions in the specimen can give rise to an increase of △E in the later stage of fatigue loading. This agrees with the results previously obtained in the case of aluminum and aluminum-copper alloys.The correlation between the state of the pinning of dislocations in the first stage of fatigue loading and the subsequent occurrence of localized slip regions is discussed.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROPNEUMATIC LOUDSPEAKER VIBRATING SYSTEMS
Authors: SHEN HAO  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the equivalent circuit method is used in analysing the performance of the vibrating system of an electropneumatic loudspeaker, and results are given for the input impedance and displacement amplitude as functions of frequency, and applied to typical designs of this kind of loudspeakers, illustrating the value of equivalent circuit analysis in guiding its practical design. The electrical driving power required for the vibrating system is proportional to the fourth power of the mechanical resonance frequency, which is the upper limit of the frequency range of the electro-pneumatic loudspeaker. Thus the high frequency performance is poor. The optimum condition is found for a flat frequency response below the mechanical resonance frequency. Experiments show that under the optimum condition the high frequency response improves slightly with increase of the magnetic induction in the gap of the magnetic structure. Experimental results agree well with theory, and sound pressure levels up to 181 or 184.8 dB re 2×10-5N/m2 under different conditions were obtained in the horn thoat of the loudspeaker.
MEASUREMENT OF THE DETECTION IMPEDANCE AND A DESIGN FOR INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE DETECTOR IN THE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE METHOD
Authors: LI MING-XIAN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

A simple method is devised for measuring the detection impedance in the acoustic impedance method of detection of unbonds and is based on an equivalent circuit of the detector. On the basis of the measured detection impedance, theoretical exploration is directed toward increasing the detection sensitivity for an unbond by properly choosing some of the detector parameters. The theoretical analysis is found to agree fairly well with the experimental results. In the case of unbond detection the sensitivity is increased by 5 times or more.
A NEW POSSIBLE COMPOSITE QUANTIZED FIELD THEORY
Authors: HE ZUO-XIU  , HUANG TAO  ,   中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

A new composite quantized field theory is formulated. A bilocal field operator equation of Bethe-Salpeter type with sources is introduced as the equation of motion of composite fields. The bound state field theory of Haag-Nishijima-Zimmermann and the Mandelstam's transition formula of bound state can be shown to be contained in the present theory, some difficulties of their theory being avoided.
ON THE COMPOSITE FIELD THEORY AND THE STRATON MODEL (I)
Authors: HE ZUO-XIU  , HUANG TAO  ,   中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

We further generalize the composite field theory[1] to the case when basic field is spinor and derive the relevent formula in the straton model for the processes involving mesons. It is shown that the results obtained are valid for other models also.
THEORY OF THERMIONIC EMISSION (I)——A CRITICISM OF THE SEMI-CONDUCTOR MODEL OF THE OXIDE-COATED CATHODE
Authors: ZHANG EN-QIU
Published: November 2020

For over twenty years, in the course of our work on the oxide-coated cathodes, we have frequently come across many phenomena which can not be explained by the semi-conductor theory. This has led us to re-examine carefully most of the parameters, such as work functions, electrical conductivities, spectral absorption, concentration of excess barium, lattice structure,surface energy states, distribution of potentials in the coating, comparsion of thin film emission to coating emission, non-uniformity of emission, flicker noise, instability of impulse current, sparking etc. All these show that the oxide-coated cathode is not an n-type semi-conductor with excess barium as donor. A preliminary theory of surface emission centers which can explain many phenomena in the oxidecoated cathode is proposed.
CALCULATION OF NEUTRON CAPTURE CROSS SECTIONS OF Th232 AND U238
Authors: FU DE-JI  , CAI YAN-HUANG  , XIA KE-DING  ,   上海原子核研究所
Published: November 2020

Neutron Capture cross sections of Th232 and U238 before the opening of fission channels are calculated by Statistical theory. The influences of Optical potential parameters, Gamma radiation widths, Nuclear temperature and the Statistical width fluctuation correction factor are illustrated and discussed.
ANALYSIS OF LENSLIKE EFFECTS IN GAS LASERS
Authors: ZHANG RUI-LIN  ,   南开大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The optical cavities of general curved-mirrors with a negative lenslike medium are discussed, and used to analyze the thermal lensing effects in gas lasers. The mode analysis is made for a CW CO2 laser of a plane-concave cavity. It is shown that the thermal lensing effects have considerable influence on the output and resonance frequencies, particularly for the fundamental mode lasers. Finally, possible thermal lensing effects in ion gas lasers and other lasers are briefly discussed.
MEASUREMENT OF THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS AND THE PERMEABILITIES OF MICROWAVE FERRITES
Authors: SHI LONG-PEI  , LIAO SHAO-BIN  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The imaginary part of the dielectric constant ε" and of the permeability μ" of the sample were determined by measuring the change of reflection coefficient of a resonance cavity of the reflection type with and without the sample in it. The effects of the shape of the sample and its location in the cavity on the measurement were investigated. The sensitivity of the measuring system was high. By raising the quality factor of the cavity, adjusting it to approach critical coupling, and appropriately choosing a cavity of smaller volume, it should not be difficult to measure the loss factor with this set of measuring devices to an accuracy of the order of 10-5.
THE SYNTHESIS OF CUBIC BORON NITRIDE UNDER HIGH PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES
Authors: SZECHUAN CUBIC BORON NITRIDE CO-OP. GROUP  ,   四川省立方氮化硼协作组
Published: November 2020

With LiH as additive and Mg/Mg3N2 as catalyst hexagonal boron nitride is transformed into the cubic form, pressure and temperature being maintained at 55-64 Kb and 1700-2100℃ respectively. The structure and related properties of crystals thus obtained are identified and tested. Microseopie examination of impurities, defects, growth centers and steps on crystal surfaces indicates that this cubic BN possesses the common features of crystals grown under ordinary conditions. The results of the synthesis which depends closely upon the P-T condition, catalyst composition and catalyst assembly are analysed and discussed. The remarkable effect of the presence of a small amount of LiH in the catalyst on the grain growth is particularly described. Cubic BN crystals larger than 1mm. have been obtained.
ANOMALOUS EDDY CURRENT LOSSES OF ISOPERM THIN STRIPS UNDER SUPERPOSED MAGNETIZATION BY ALTERNATING AND DIRECT CURRENTS
Authors: ERG-1972  , RESEARCH GROUP OP THE THIRD WORKSHOP  ,   (1)北京大学物理系; (2)北京冶金研究所
Published: November 2020

The eddy current loss at low frequencies in thin strips of isoperm under superposed magnetization by alternating and direct currents has been analyzed with a model of coherent rotation in magnetic domains. It is considered that the eddy current loss anomaly is not only caused by the displacement of the domain walls, but also by the rotation of magnetization. As the magnetic permeability is a tensor in the rotation process, it gives rise to a "laterat eddy current" term in addition to that given by the classical theory. Thence an expression has been derived for the anomaly coefficient ηr of the eddy current loss due to rotation. The theory has been extended to certain applied fields, and corresponding conclusions have been obtained.
NONCOHERENT OPTICAL PROCESSING OF IMAGES BLURRED BY LARGE RELATIVE MOTIONS
Authors: OPTICAL INFOHMATION PROCESSING GROUP  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

A noncoherent optical method for processing images blurred by large relative motions has been developed. The blurred image is directly differentiated by means of a pair of positive and negative plates, the optical densities of which are strictly "mutually compensated", thus giving the deblurred image. This method can be used to process both translation-blurred and rotation-blurred images; the latter are still difficult to process by coherent methods at present.
DEEP INELASTIC ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING (Ⅰ)
Authors: CAO CHANG-QI  , QIN DAN-HUA  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The straton knocked-out diagram is investigated more strictly using the Dyson representation, to clarify: whether the scaling property can indeed be derived from this mechanism and, if so, whether the straton mass is required to be small, and what are the definite criterions for the largeness of v and q2. It is shown that, for large values of v, the straton knocked-out diagram does lead to a scaling property, but the primary result is W1 = vf1(x) and w2 = f2(x), which differs from that of Bjorken. Only by assuming the knocked-out diagram dominance (for deep inelastic scattering) and using the gauge condition, can W1 and W2 be suppressed, thus obtaining the Bjorken scaling. Furthermore, the derivation of scaling merely requires v to be large (according to some definite criterions), but places no restriction on q2. The straton mass M is also not required to be smaller than the nucleon mass. Theoretically, for an arbitrary M, the scaling property can always be derived, provided v is sufficiently large.
ON THE PERTURBATION EXPANSION OF THE QUANTIZED COMPOSITE FIELD THEORY
Authors: HE ZUO-XIU  , ZHANG ZHAO-XI  , HUANG TAO  ,   中国科学院高能物理研究所
Published: November 2020

A perturbation series of a quantized composite field theory which is based upon the asymptotic condition defined by the Bethe-Salpeter wave function is derived from the interaction representation. The problem of choosing graphs describing various processes in the straton model is discussed.
ON THE OPTIMUM COMPENSATION OF THE TEMPERATURE INSTABILITIES CAUSED BY THE MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY FIELD IN YIG MICROWAVE DEVICES
Authors: JIA WEI-YI  , ZHANG PENG-XIANG  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

More precise analytic expressions for ferromagnetic resonance of single crystals are calculated, the approximation being carried to terms quadratic in the magneto-crystalline anisotropy field. On the basis of these, the problem of the compensation of the temperature instabilities of single crystal YIG microwave devices, caused by the variations of the anisotropy field, is discussed. Significant corrections to the temperature compensation directions that have been in use are introduced. Formulae for the calculation of the temperature characteristics of YIG devices with the applied magnetic field in the corrected compensation directions are given.
DEEP INELASTIC ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING (Ⅱ)
Authors: CAO CHANG-QI  , QIN DAN-HUA  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Dyson representation is applied to find out whether the scaling property can be derived without reliance on the knocked-out mechanism. It is shown that, provided the spectral function in the Dyson represention of the matrix element of the current operators commutator has the proper behavior for large m2, the scaling property then follows for large v. No restriction whatever is required for q2, which may be very small even approaching zero. This characteristic seems to be consistent with the experiments. Furthermore, for a given v, the structure tensor Wμv is only determined by the spectral function inside the region m2≤Mpv, with no dependence on the true asymptotic behavior at m2→∞. Therefore the present observed scaling may only be a phenomena within a certain range. As v becomes still larger, the situation will probably change qualitatively.
UNITARY TRANSFORMATION AND GENERAL LINEAR TRANSFORMATION BY AN OPTICAL METHOD (Ⅱ)——THE ITERATIVE METHOD OF SOLUTION
Authors: HUO YU-PING  , YANG GUO-ZHEN  , GU BEN-YUAN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

An important problem in applied optics is the design of an optical processing system composed of a series of holographic lenses for the purpose of realizing an arbitrary transformation. In this paper, we give an iterative method of computation to resolve this problem. The convergence of the method and the problem in relation to finite dimension approximation are discussed. Some problems which emerged in the course of numerical calculation are analysed by means of several simple examples.
THE GROWTH AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SINGLE CRYSTAL In-SUBSTITUTED BiCaVFe-FERRIMAGNETIC GARNET
Authors: MAGNETIC CRYSTAL GROUP  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

Single crystals of the ferrimagnetie garnet Bi3-2xCa2xFe5-x-yInyVxO12 are grown by the flux method, with x = 1.35 ±0.02, y = 0-0.388. Single crystals having a dimension greater then 10mm and few inclusions can be obtained for all materials with different. In content by the technology described in this paper. The Curie temperature of all these materials is 10-30℃ higher then that of Ga-YIG with the same magnetization. The magnetic anisotropie constant drops rapidly with increase in number of the nonmagnetic indium ions. The anisotropie field falls slightly at first and then increases gradually with decrease from 530 to 200 Gauss of the saturation magnetization. The ferromagnetic resonance linewidth for the X band region increases with decreasing magnetization. It seems that there exists a relaxation mechanism which is connected with the dipole-n'arrowed model. The linewidth is about 1 to 4 Oe for the materials with the above magnetization. The best materials obtained possess an anisotropie field of 16 Oe and a linewidth of 0.7 Oe. The above results show that these materials can be employed in low frequency microwave devices.
A SHORT-CUT METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE BETATRON OSCILLATION IN PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
Authors: XIE XI  ,   中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

A short-cut method for the solution of the betatron oscillation in particle accelerators is developed to obtain its smooth term and quick oscillation term in whatever order of accuracy desired. An example is worked out in detail to show the practical application of the theory. Finally the mathematical foundation of this method is proved.
THE LOCAL STABILITY CRITERIA OF THE TOKAMAK AND THE EFFECT OF THE MULTIPOLE FIELD
Authors: HUO YU-PING  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The local stability of the Tokamak is discussed and a general approximate criteria β c obtained, where η is the longitudinal magneticwell. Furthermore, the influence of multipole' fields on the longitudinal magnetic well and the magnetic shear is discuss. It is observed that small triangular and octopole field components may considerably stabilize a Tokamak of elliptical cross-section.
NOTE ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM FACTOR AND INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION OF THE WAVE FUNCTION IN THE STRATON MODEL
Authors: CAO CHANG-QI  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Although the meson mass spectrum calculated from the simple harmonic potential by the B-S equation fits the experimental data fairly well, the wave function so obtained leads however to unreasonable results when applied to calculate the electromagnetic form factor, which turns out to be complex for space-like q2. It is argued that the reason for this lies in the fact that such a wave function does not possess the correct analytical property for the variable p0. In order to guarantee this analyti-city as well as to maintain the covariant form, it is adequate to express the wave function in the form of an integral representation according to a theorem proved by Dyson. Furthermore, some summation rules for the spectral function in the integral representation are derived with the physical condition that the wave function should be finite at x = 0.
ON NUCLEAR SINGLE-PARTICLE POTENTIALS (Ⅰ)——A THEOREM
Authors: WU SHI-SHU  ,   吉林大学物理系
Published: November 2020

In this paper a theorem is proved and some of its applications discussed. The theorem gives an answer to the question: Under what conditions does the following relation εα±[Eα(N±1)-E0(N)] hold exactly? In the above relation, the εα′s are the single-particle (sp) energiesdetermined by the corresponding sp potential, E0(N) is the exact ground stateenergy of a closed-shell nucleus N, and the Eα(N±1)′s denote the exact energy eigenvalues of its neighbouring N ±1 nucleus.
EFFECTS OF PULSE LENGTH ON THE INTENSITY AND DECAY OF REVERBERATION
Authors: QIU XIN-FANG
Published: November 2020

In this paper starting with the general expression of the reverberation intensity for short pulses Ir(t,τ)=Kτt-me-βt, the corresponding exact expressions of the reverberation intensity for longer pulses are derived. The corresponding approximate formulae are also presented under the assumption that the exponential attenuation loss over the pulselength can be neglected. It is shown that, at short ranges, the reverberation intensity tends to saturation and decays inversely with the (m-l)st-power of the time t when the exponential attenuation coefficient β is small enough and the pulselength τ longer than the effective pulselength τm=amt(am decreases as m increases, and m is a real number greater than 2). Experimental results agree well with the theory.
ON THE SCATTERING OF SOUND BY SOUND
Authors: QIAN ZU-WEN
Published: November 2020

The problem of the non-linear interaction between two fully collimated plane-wave beams travelling in different directions has given rise to much of the controversy to date as to whether the secondary scattered radiation exists outside the interaction region. Ingard et al. expressed the primary beams with a type of discontinuous function ρ={ej(w-ky),|x|a. Through calculations, they claimed that a scattered radiation is shown to exist outside the region of interaction. Assuming primary fields are plane waves of infinite extent, Westervelt studied the same problem, but a negative conclusion was obtained. By dividing co-ordinate space into the inside and outside of the common volume, Al-Temimi solved Westervelt's equation for both cases and concluded that the two conflicting results could relatively be brought together.Although in this paper only ideal beams interacting at right angles are discussed, the author suggests that this type of discontinuity can be more adequately described with a certain combination of unit-step functions. By applying and solving Westervelt's equation, the author obtains an interesting result, i.e., the secondary scattered radiations outside the common volume originate not from a volume source as claimed by Al-Temimi, but from a δ-function surface-dipole. However, this surface source is. artificial, because discontinuous functions which do not satisfy the homogeneous wave equation have been used to describe the primary waves. It is shown that the solution obtained by the author is the same as that of Al-Temimi, therefore, a relative agreement cannot be reached between the two conflicting results. A comment is also made on the latter's paper concerning the inappropriateness of the continuous conditions assumed at the boundaries. Based on the above discussions, the author predicts that if the primary beams are to be described by discontinuous functions, then the theories of the parametric transmitting and recieving arrays will be similarly affected.
A PHASE TRANSITION MODEL NOT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SCALING LAW
Authors: SUN XIN  ,   复旦大学物理系
Published: November 2020

For a three-dimensional eight-vertex model with energy parameters satisfying the condition ε1+ε2=ε3+ε4, all the critical exponents have been calculated:α=α′=0,β=1/4,δ=7,γ=1/2,γ′=3/2,ν=ν′=1,η=3/2. These do not satisfy the scaling law, the reason is that the correlative region of polarization contracts from the crystal planes (1, 1, 1) and (1, 1, 1) to the crystal axis [1, 0, 1] at the critical point.
THE WAVE FUNCTION OF MESONS IN THE STRATON MODEL
Authors: HU NING  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

An equation of the Bethe-Salpeter type is used to obtain the internal wave function of mesons. It is found that if the potential well between the straton and anti-straton is of the pseudo-scalar type, then the 0- and 1- mesons will satisfy the same approximate radial wave function, and thus lead to SU6 symmetry. We have shown previously that pseudo-scalar potential is the only single type of potential which leads to this symmetry. The potential is V = V0+ V1, where V0 represents a super-strong deep well, the effect of which is to reduce the very large mass M of the free straton to a small effective value. The motion of the straton inside the meson is therefore relativistic. V1 represents a small potential of the order of 1/M of a simple harmonic oscillator. A tensor force is also introduced to account for the splitting of energy levels of the states with the same spin and orbital angular momentum. Our solutions for the ground and angular excited states of 0- and 1- mesons practically explain all the observed meson states. Our theory can apply equally to the baryon states if the phenomenological potential V0 is reduced by a factor of 2.
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DUAL CHARGE OF NON-ABELIAN GAUGE GROUPS -----A DISCUSSION ON MAGNETIC MONOPOLES
Authors: LI HUA-ZHONG  , XIAN DING-CHANG  , GUO SHUO-HONG  ,   (1)中国科学院高能物理研究所; (2)中山大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Starting from the integral definition of gauge fields, and using a formularesembling the Gauss-Bonnet theorem - a theorem in differential geometryon compact manifolds, we derive a general conjugate relationship between the gauge charge and the dual charge. The relation between electronic charge and the magnetic monopole is an example of this conjugate relationship. For an SO (3) gauge group with a U (1) group as its invariant subgroup, we obtain the 't Hooft monopole solution as a special solution, without introducing any concept of singular strings or any mechanism such as the spontaneous breaking of symmetries.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON THE MICROWAVE INDUCED EFFECT IN JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS
Authors: LIU DONG  , CAO SHU-LAN  , SANG YA-NAN  , WANG HUI-ZHI  , LIU FU-SUI  , WAN YU-ZHEN  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

It has been observed experimentally that the height of the microwave induced step in half-wavelength Josephson tunnel junction varies with the microwave voltage approximately as the square of the Bessel function; Also Odd-numeral steps disappear sometimes.A theoritical explanation is given for the above phenomena.
ANALYSIS ON THE DECAY PROCESSES OF THE NEW PARTICLE J(3095)
Authors: LI XIAO-LIN  , WANG JIA-JUN  , WANG XIAO-GUANG  ,   北京大学物理系,工农兵学员
Published: November 2020

A unified mechanism is proposed to explain the radiative decays and G-parity-conserving decays of the J particle into ordinary particles: According to this mechanism the J particle first decays into the intermediate state φn = αφ1+ βφ8, and then φn decays into ordinary particles. The following results are obtained:1. The predictions are in best agreement Math the experiment if φn≈ω, with the exception that the predicted ratio Γ(J →ω→ ηγ)/Γ(J →ω→πγ) is too small. 2. In order to fit both radiative decays and decays into two hadrons, the form factors for these two types of processes must differ by a factor 103. Using the straton model a method for calculating these form factors is given which explains the above difference quite well.3. Another possible mechanism of radiative decays of the J particle is also discussed, and some difficulties are pointed out.
SINGLE AND DOUBLE FREQUENCY RESONANCE HEATING IN LASER-IRRADIATED PLASMAS
Authors: TAN WEI-HAN  , XU ZHI-ZHAN  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
Published: November 2020

In this paper accurate solutions for the single frequency heating conditions have been obtained based on equations derived for laser plasma electron-ion coupling. The threshold values and rate of increase of various unstable oscillations under double frequency resonance heating conditions have also been obtained and compared with those under single frequency heating conditions.
ON SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC SU2 GAUGE FIELDS AND MONOPOLES
Authors: GU CHAO-HAO  , HU HE-SHENG  ,   复旦大学数学系
Published: November 2020

In this paper we consider some general properties of spherically symmetric SU2 gauge fields. We prove that the SU2 gauge fields which are spherically symmetric in the most general sense may be divided into three basic types only: (1) synchro-spherieally symmetric SU2 gauge fields, (2) strict-spherically symmetric SU2 gauge fields, (3) spherically symmetric SU2 gauge fields reducible to U1 gauge fields.The spherically symmetric SU2 gauge fields with a Higgs field are investigated in detail and their types are completely determined. If such a field is regarded as due to the interaction of an electromagnetic field and electrically-charged vector bosons, then the following conclusion is obtained: In the spherically symmetric case there cannot exist an electrically-charged vector boson field around an m-unit monopole except for m =± 1, 0.
A PROPOSED PROCEDURE FOR EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE SPIN-PARITY OF THE NEW PARTICLE X(3410)
Authors: ZHAO PEI-YING  , ZENG DAO-GUI  , ZHOU CHANG-CHUN  ,   北京大学物理系,工农兵学员
Published: November 2020

A procedure is proposed for the experimental determination of the spin-parity of the new particle X(3410). It consists of choosing the events representing the radiative decay ψ→X(3410) +γ from the ψ-production experiment at s1/2 = 6.84 GeV, and measuring the angular distribution of the y photon produced in the process, and also the energy distribution of two pseudo-scalar mesons from the subsequent decay of X. The result of calculation shows that the spin-parity of X(3410) can be determined with certainty and good sensitivity.